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һ飬ʩӯ˳ϹС㣬ɫǡ
ǰ˽ԽŮ䣬һıŮԼǳڻһöΪ˰Ѿ飬ʱһָԹ϶

һ̧ۣҶɵˡ
ʩӯŷӦԼקС壬ͳƷԱܱܾŮĸš
һ㣬ͼĿ֮¡
Ż˵ͷȻӦ׮¡

ʲô
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ϻۣɶģһӲĳֱ⣬жһμ䡪
Ǹе˼ʩӯ޸ֶС壬Ȼǵ˼

ƣ˭֪ȴԼײǰ
͹ֲˡ
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ʩӯֻ֪Լ飬ȴ֪ͬģⱾŮ
õĻԾ籾ɷС尮簮˶

֪еĸһãµϵλҲܲȤһΪźʩӯһԵ
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1.  һ   ʩ

紵ɶҶϵˮתһȦˮ̰
ʩӯ𾢣ʳ˵ȥһƬ̰ԵС

һƬҫ죬Ưˡ
ɫĽҲģʱϲ״͵ĵģЩҲһӡ

ĿȻŸս£Ѿˡ

ˮλںɳһ޴յĵ˴ʢĵΪ޼ĺã֦ҶߣԵû谵⴩֦Ҷ£㱼·ŵâν泩
⣬оںɳѳȥȥĶǼΪġ

㲻ʥ״ͣǲԱߵʩŵģעȴһֱλܳ谮ϣһŷױչĿһΣɵñܿȻָЦ˵

ʩӯЦһڿãɨԼλĽһۣЩ΢
ϧʱɣ롣ȵŮˣԽŮ˳˳ˮҲ͵ͷˡ

Ľϲɴȥβšʩӯѻ˵꣬ĵġ

ʩ˵˭ϡβ㣬ϵЦȴʮֳϿᣬִż־ϲ˵ǾͶлˣ
һȤӣﻰǵĺܡ

ʩӯЦһ£û仰
˵ʵҲܷԼλĽ㣬˵ģ⸱ʱʱС⣬ŵεı£ǾͲʲô˶еġ

⸱ӣ֪˻ΪԼĹϵжء


ʩӯӻʩҲգøһЩǵ飬Ҫźŵġ
Ȼͺ壬ֻҪܵúôʲôأ

һЦ̣һһûһģȻҲ˺һ

ֱһɵĽŲ
С㣬С㣬²Կ죬ѾҲûй֮Цݣ˵˵Сˡ

ʩϱֻ߳һϷˣ֧㣬ĿǰȳϹǼȻ򲡶Ϸˣá
Ѿ˵ĶС㣬Ƕճ֮ǰˮһֱԣѾǵˡ

ˣǼϲ£ʵ˿
ҪǣλС㣬ʩԽⱾŮ

ţһŮɱԽŮġ
ŮʩԽŮʩЩӣǰӣǽŮһĳأԼֳ˸Цţʮꡣʮꡣ

ôˣֻ֪ʩǲ֪ʱ䣬

ʩӯĵһӦȥʩ˭֪ȴǡö˶Էߡ

Ҹʲôͬʱ롣

ʩӯµջߣ˵϶æţС磬ȥٹʱȥ㡣

ʩԾʩӯ˼ҪԼźһȥ˵ȻҪȥǱһҲöġ

⻰ȻͻأǵҲ˳ʩӯ˼
ȥһĻأˣҲ˳Ӧˡ

˵Ż˶ʱ䣬ʩȥʩӯҲû㣬æѾ߻飬ڵʱȥ׼ˣ˵˹

βװڰ״ǳβһ˦ĸ׵׻ĺɻŻ˻Ρ
ʩ˵ؽˣֵлȻȥ

ʩһߣʩӯչһžͲȵЬֻϣžˣ̾˾䣬Ľ㣬Ҳ̫˵ˡ
û˵䣬ɶԷ˿Цӯӯİѻ˵ȥ

ѾСһЦ˵ҲСϲС㣬ȻĶء
ϲָС㱾ˣݣǾͼʼˡ

С㻰٣ϲСǶ֪С㡭Сƽһ䣬Ҫ˵ȥͱСһ۸ֹˡ

ˣô˵ǡ
˵СͣɷȴǲǴСġ²⻰ɲ

ʩӯǲ⣬ȴ֪ˣСƣǺԾ͵ˡ
ţЦЦǰΪʩµμǼǾʩûɫῴ˵λĽ㷴Ǳùˣůء

ȻͬǴԽŮʼⲻʩİ뷨
ϣǴԽˣܸı̵̺ġС˵ܴʵԽŮҲܶԡ

ˮѾѾʼʰ

ССССĸѾ߷ֹܿͰˮʰĸɾࡣ

ԼϲӾڵȥҲʱŻᴩЬӦһ£أҪɾĲźá

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ߣʩ»ȺûסͷһۣңңȥϡܿǿںܴŽǵܡ
ĿһֱŵЦȥ֪ʱŸ¶ǵĽ
֪òɿòһʣÿÿʩӯԱߣȴܾ÷·ʧйԡʵ̫ףӣҲûܺȵġ

ֿѾСŵ㣬ɫ΢

㣬ԾӣҲʶÿÿʩӯȴܾüʶ
뵽з΢ԽˣôûԽʩӯأǳϹΨһŮһǵճеĻʺ׵Ĺĸ˵籦ĳ󡣿أ׵Ǽƽӹãֻ飬˵һǴֺλãܵЩô

͸ˡ
һ졭ҧȻָ΢ЦᲽ뿪

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̰˴Ҳʲô£ʩӯʩڵԺʱͱ㲵Ķһŷ˽ȥ
һԭڴϵȻվڴǰڴ硣

⻹˵ã

־ŭǰеǵĳţ߰˷˴ţһɨѾߣȻߵ֡

ǰ˼䣬ǳȥѾɪɪ޴ĿԼС㣬ȴʩŵõλС㣬ûעǣ¶ţųȥˡ

ʩӯۣ΢΢üȴҲ޿κΡ

Լλºͣǰڹ֮ңҲҲЩЩѾûȰסӣۿҪȥܷġɾ̣ȴҲܿڣ˵ףǶ£ֻСɲܶ໰
ţְעʩϡ
Ѿ˴ڣʩӯһʱ侹Ȼı顣

һʩѾʩкֵܵʩȴûлӦֱֱֻĿʩ
ʩЩʣϷֺԣ΢Ц˹ȥ
Ŀڿ˴ʩı飬ֻɫƽЩľȻһ˫۾ȴĵģֱ㶵Ŀʩ

⸱ӣ˵ʩԱߵĶ˿ҲЩʣæСһ
һƺʩɫһĹ΢Цһģ˾á˵û£ֻܾ˯˺ܾãʲô˲ʲôƵģںˡ

ʩ⸱ڱӡ
ʩȻˣ
㡣ʩӯ֤Ĳ²⣬ỽһ

ʩһ㶣ûϳһһŻȻЩ˼Ƶģ˵ҲˣովȻûע⵽㣬죬

Ӧ˯ͿˣվͺˡʩӯЦǺǵ˵
ʩӡУ¶ʮ곤˵ģڲʮһɬѹ⸱㶵벻ӡ

⸱ӣö˺ʩĻȻôһϲʩӯӡ

ʩ΢΢˿ܾøղʩĿķ
öˣɲ֪ΪΣȴ̲סЩһ

ģ˵ҪȥİƹлԸ߶߶Ķ

ˣʩʩӯҲûжֻе˼󣬾͸뿪

ʩӯɵţſʱȻͷһۣͼʩֱֱĿʩıӰ۵Ǻűһ

оߺʩῴȻ΢΢һЦ
ͷ·ĿֻѰѡ

ʩӯתǧأҲ΢΢һЦˡ
ֿˣȤζš

ʩʩĳ𣬿ɲᰡ

Ǹνԭķ˭˭ں
Ķ˼




2.  ڶ   ʩӯૣ

ߵ·Ѿ룬ʩӯתȥԺԺ
Ƕء

~ʩӯЦۣ

ԹԵ¿ۿһȫŷģкȥС˵û̫ɣ˷纮ɱ𴫸źá

ʩӯȻ˵ûУ˵Żߵ־ͶȺĽˡ
ۣšͷܡ

ԣѽˡʮˣȴ⸱ģϺֻúЦպ

ְƳĽĻˣҪǹ˺ܰ˴̵ᶼ

ʩӯڶ뵱ǲȣԼ׵պ¸ˡ
صĸ
ɬд۵롣
˽ϽյˮȻֳ۽ѹȥ˿еζɾѾˡ

ϿֺЦۣӳЦӯӯ˵Ժӣ˵¼ã׼һ磬Ůȥμӣ벻ȥ

ȥʩӯѿڶĵĺܡ

Ȼʱ·Ůӳ⣬δ֮ͥ˵ЦǣҲָժǣòԼ׿ɲˣܾòȫָĻѵܳŵĻᡣ

Ϊʩӯͱˡ

Ͽ˲ɺЦ
˵ƽʱԼҲʮסģҲôϲ븮Ľǽ˵Ӧϲǣƫְţϲ֡

ʩӯ˹ˣȻһ¡
ȵȣǵϣƺһ¡
ǣӣǸн裬竲ĸš

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ȵʮûˣʱֻһһŮǵºͳ

µǻʱʮΪλȹ̣¼رĳ˺Ϊңʱ˺ѾʮһŮʮꡣң볤ǰ˺Ѿ˳Ϊӡ

ǰЩűʢ˵λ󣬳ѾŶӺͳ˺ָӣסԼĳ

Щϸ֦ĩڣһһ˵ʩӯͲ֪飬᷸˵ļɻ䡣
˳ϲʩӯͱķֱȥԺڶˣȻԱǺȻǡ

ƣˣѾʮϴ꣬ĺܺãܿòüãӺޣɼʱķˡ

ʩӯӵһμʱ룬ĳ˺򵽵ʲôƢȻɫ޶ԡ
곤¼޳˺ʱȵѾ˳ϹճŮΪ󣬵ȵۺɻ飬ϾͼʩҡףģϺͳϵԽԽˡ

УϷֺûʧɴʩӯ¡

ѽ񡣡ε˵Ȼʩӯ֣˵ĸ

ʩӯԼףЦţɵ߹ȥˡ

ĸЦ˵ûǰӣȻ׽ɸеڶġһԿ˰⣬ʮ̹

úӣôˡЦӯӯʩӯ֣Ȼ΢΢ü˵Ҽǵģˣ

ʩӯЦŻ˻֣˵ĸǹˣѵû֣ҳЩ

΢ȣվϸ˿ȻѾļˣЦ˵ǣǳˣĸˣѾǴˡ

ʩӯЦеСĿġ

˼˵Ż־ͳһСУִ򿪿˿Сָӣ˿˿ߣ͸һ仨һ׵ʩӯϣ˵ǰʱ±ģʺС̧ĸ

ʩӯͦϲģɻǿϣûзԵ˼ֿ̧˿Цӯӯ˵˾ллĸ

׽ЩûճĶҲû롣
ӱأһ䡣

ӱ˵ľǳĵճŮʮģʩӯҪһ꣬СʶϵҲԡ

ȻٲģҼǵҲˣȥѰʱܿˡ˵ŻЦһ£ԼʱͺദʱΣǻҲһҲһ֬ˮ۶һġ

ʩӯȻ˵ãЦ˵˼䣬˴ȥѰЩСˡ
ϣһҪȥЩ

ʩӯӣִ·ȥ˺ߵһԺ
һȥͱӱסˡ

ˡò˳Ľޣ˵Ż۾һƲЩͺͷ꣬˵ɹܹĽɣͷˡ

Ժһ԰ź¥󣬲ˮ鿣һŻ԰ӱʩӯ˶¥Ŀźϻֳ桪
ʩд֣һһŮǿţ̾

Ҷ̡ãʫʱһʵ𣬴塣ϸһȻһò忡꣬º͵עʩ

ʩӯδ飬һʱ侹Ȼ֪Ǹø̾⹷ѪĴԽŮʫİԼװɲŮľ飬Ǹ̾˵⻰ʩδ־ġ

Ȼ˵ϱǣϣŮգǾȻôͿʼ

㿴㿴Ҿ֪һǾͶˣԱ߷ӱĽ˵޺޵һŵʩӯأȴأ˵ô£Ҳû˵Ǹʲôʦ壬ѵˣ

ʩӯվʩһʩϧһʱҲı顣
Ҳ֪ۿδ⸱ģʲô飬ʲô顣

ϧˣοϷûҶԵط


ӱһǰĻʩӯ̾˿˵ðӱĪĪŷӱ֣˵£ôãôôܹҪ꣬Ҫס£㼱ʲôɱˣ㿴ֶ

ӱ΢æʩӯ֣˳ưһƣ¶ذС

֬ư㡣
ֻǣƬʵЩˡ

ѽôˣûʹӱûڵ˵Ҫȥ࣬ʱ˻
¸ĸˡ

û£׺ġʩӯЦԼְ˰ȻһƬӡ

Ҳ̫ˡӱЩĽ죬ȻЦָϵķӣ˵ĸ֮ǰ˵жԸˣȻ㿴һɡ

ʩӯ̧̧֣ϵ鴮Ĳ룬Ȼ˵ͷ˵һ

ӱȻЦˣչȥС˵ĸһ˵˾ģŲء˵Ż˼۾ŴȤ˵κұġ

κұκң֪ĸļ尲ʮѾˡ
Ҫ˵Ϊʲô⸱ӣȻϴκң֪ڳʩӯʱʧǸ㶵ӣǸ˶ôˡ

˵͸ҵģҶôˣλ磬ͷһҪҶ~仰˵ζǶʩӯϷʵЦ

ʩӯһûȤ˵˵ģǾǡգգۣһʱ벻λνκұģȻµתƻ⣬ǿȥɣǼͣ˼Ҳڿɲ񻰡

ۼûӦӱ̾һԼұϣãϷֺԣЦ˵ã֣¥

¥ʱֻ°ڵĴ͸Ĳӽɫ⡣

ž
һ죬˯ںϵĸ͵ָ̧ǰɼʹղǽۺŮµ翵Ĳǲɵǰȥ

ʩӯૣ졣

һȵĽŲ
һֶ֪ˡ

һ̣𣬡С壬Ὣˡ




3.     ʩӯָŻ˻Σͷһ

԰ʱ޵Ƭ
ȷ˵Ǻϵľȡ

֮Уӣڣ˹һСɽľ裬ɱ£ͤԱһٲ£ˮĽˮ֨߹߹תˮϰϰ
ձĺõط

ӱʩӯڻȼ䣬ûͿʩһȺˡ
ǷӦģһꡣ

ãʩС㡣ڱ˶Χʩʱһֱעȿӱ󣬼˼һ˫۾̲סĿʩӯ

ʩӯʶһۣ۾ֻ˫ۺ˲
ǡκң֪
Ϊҹ㣬ͼҲһرγ̣Ȼʩӯס׽ļ˸ţˣ˽˷ӱúܿ뵽˶Էݡ

磬ӱʹ˸ɫЦʣڸأô֣
˽ʩӯ⸱òûĽߣϹع׷ߺЩЩˡ

ԣʩӯʱԲܹ顣

κң֪⣬ɻת˿ڣûٳʩӯڣת˵ʩСʫƷ
һôӣ˵ʩ˿ûб˿е̾

˵䣬ȺҲע⵽ǵĵȥɵðĿⶼ䵽ʩӯϡ

ʱ磬貣ĺһ㲨ԣһƬۺɱҶ䣬ʩӯɫ֦Ƶ°ɫȹӻ
üĿ续Ρ

һԵķӱκң֪ԭҲòڣ֮࣬ʧɫ 

ʩС㡣̾һ
ʩС֮ν˲֪˽ĸǻʺˣ类ĵӭ˻ʹ

ҲҺĸǻʺЦ
ˣǿԵһ

ʩ̧ۣɨһۣȻֿʩŵļڽջߡ

ʩЦ΢ͣת۾ͻָЦŻһá

㣬Ľ㣬ʩӯ˸к־еֽţʮֺ档

ʫ죬ȽϺǣʩʲô

Ľдʫܿʫĵ־ʵ

־ЦĽˣ˵СдģǺĲɡ
˵⻰ʫĵݸʩӯ

ʩӯգգ۽ӹһʩдʫ㽾ʲô
˾֮ġ


̣죬֣þ䰡̶̼֣͵ĺ֮С֮ţ־ĿвͣޣǾ塣

ʩӯûô⣬ֻɻº˵Ż̧ʩ뿴ʲô顣
Լ÷δãһ˿ۡ

ףǺθ룿

ʩվǳǳ΢Ц˿

ʩӯ۲һתࡣ
ʩǺ⣬ϰߣд⡭

ԭжʩӯΪʩ־ĵ˸

ºҼƬ֡Աߣӱһ䣬ֻǱЩ֡

ʩӯһۣԵ״ĸӱй¡
ĴҲˣǰû˵֡

ⲻǰԵĺõطæĺܣžȥСôкȥˡ
ѫ٣ҲЩ˵ϼ仰

˵ģ͸ϵױкüңĸҵıãĸܼҵıãڴ֮⣬дɩϵˡ
ܵģҪļ䡣

ܼԶľλϸǳƽЩȻûʲôӵܣɶѫ󣬴ӿڶҡ
ңӾΪ֮

ƣܼܲҷȻǼĵŮ
һӢһΣһŴʩӯĹϵܲ

ʩӯĵ֪ͳɢʩһ׺ʫ˴𾪡
ɫ֮£ʫҪ˳һҲֻǰԼĲɲ㣬ʫġѵõľɫ

ӱ˼ҵְѾǲúõط
ⳤ֮ϣ߷Сڣľһ˵ЩС

ݺȺޡ

ģ𡪡
ٹˡ

ԣʩӯһʶΧ

Ҳüʩӯˡ
˲Ӳͣƹü䣬Ȱϯ󣬲˿

һ˵ϾҪ£ô죿ƿʩӯ˵ü΢壬Щա

µǻʮ꣬ӣŰԼҵĺ͸ӡ
кģˡνٹӣ֮һΪӡˣһرĽ֮ŮһǱܻʳĹǧ𡣲ĸһݾ֮£ʩӯĴҪƸӡ

ʳ衣
ʩӯĵط
Ȣָܵ˹лʺۣñ¶࿴һۡ

ͷȻֱʩӯȴ⣬ȥЦܲΪЩˣԼӶˡ
֪Լܻܲʮأ

ĿҲáƲЦˣǰȻһŷǲ֪Ѿߵ˳ȾͷǰԶǺСɽ

˳ɽʯȥȻͬʱһ٣ӭ־ĺʩײ˸š

ã㡣ʩ΢Цݡ

Աߣ־˰벽ʩľֹס˲ӣϵĲȥƽкһ


ƽ֮ȴ𽥴˲м
޳֮ͽ롣
ˣм֮Ϊ飬ˣԺ󣬾ʩӯǴ

Ľ㡪ҡҡͷ˵δҲ̫Щ
ͽδͬУոʱ־Ļ̧Ϊʩȥ֦Ҷء

ʩӯЦĲΪ⣬˵־ֲͷ
˵ţȻֹЩ˼Ŀǰʩ

㣬Ҳڰ˵

ǰʩʩȻվģʩ
ô˵ղһֱں棬ԼδЦ̣

ʩЦͷ˵ոϼﻨľǱ£ҾˣҼǵϲľһ򣬿ļãӯˣ

ҵȥлл㡣ʩӯЦŵлĬƺʩ뿪

˻ƻͷֱۣǵŵӰʧų˿˵磬˵ûп

ʩӯͷ˵϶˰Ҷ棬ǰ¶ֺġ
ǵûңǵʩӲԼǰʧ̬˵˿Ǳģˡ

Ȼĵ˵ͷȻ޺޵ĺһ˵ⶼʲô°

ҶʲôʩӯΪ⣬Ȱ
Ҫй¶ȥĿʩҵ

Ϊˡƿʩӯοļ
̯ô㣬Ϊˡ

ʩӯ۲һת˵ԼΪѣ𾢣룬û˵ڡ
⻰˵ȥ̫ʡ

סʱƺȻü˵ʲôζ

ʲôʩӯ˵

û˵ʩӯ߽ԱߵС
չһ˲͵һ͡

Ե£һִĸ浹ڵϣ˫۽գɫ԰ףѪģ˿ڵѪѪ罦ΧγһƬɫѪա
δ𡪡
ҶϵѪ䣬ʯ·ϣƽʱΪɲˮʱ̷̶

⣡

ʩӯһѪʶס죬ֻθ﷭ڵһȥ
ңžͷּͷһûӦѾ˷վá

û°ɣ峺ʵ

ʩӯͷһֻòһ˫۾ƽȻ
ǡţ
գգۺ˭

û£лӡʩӯ˻ΪŶ߰˵

ǡЦЦ̧̧첲۴Ϸʣ˵ܷܲſң

ʩӯָŻ˻ΣͷһŷԼȻק˼ҵӡ




4.     磬¡


ʩӯһæķſ

Բ𣡡ɴĵǸ
δ֮£ʩӯζ˲ˡ

㵨ӣܣת뿪սһ䣬һôƫƧĵط˶ǹ
Ȼû˵ֻ֪꣬Ҫ˵ĲǱǴ

ʩӯֻ⻰Ȼﲻľ᲻ֻŵ׷ǿվ

磬㻹ðɣƻ񣬹סʩӯеʵ֪ҾͲˡǸǸʩӯҰ׵Сİա

ʩӯҡҡͷĿһ̧ʶʬ|һ飬˵⣬ô£
ôˣ

ȵȣˣ
Ȼⲿ־飬ƺŮ󣬳ϣűֺ˴һ𣬻Ů֤֮ǰţ֤ס
ΡȻײһĻ

ⶼʲô
ʩӯﰵһ䣬ֻڡ

ǰӣ⻹ͷһˡ

ʩС㣿С㣬ǻ𣿡һȻ

ոܵŵʩӯȻһʶһסؿǿƽ
ɵЩŭ̧ͷȥüһ塣



ӣšüԼĲã˸к
ƽֻ࣬ЦҲЩǿ

ǸŵˡҲ׹ʱǸ

ʩӯ򴽣˵
˶Ըûʲô뷨ǣҲʲô

Զ֮ͺá

ʬڵķ򣬶ʱüʩӯѩ׵ɵЩǡ
ŮӿʵΪˡ

ˡʱһ𣬺ȻǸ֪ʲôʱѾ߷һĻ

һƬңʩӯĻ겻壬ڿҴҶϺ˵Ϳ
ȻصϹ˰˯źͿʼգǿѺֻۺ˯˹ȥ

Ͻޱȣæ̫ҽĵۺ󶼾ˡ
ˮĺҩרΪʵۿҽһ𵽸ȴûʩӯ

ʩӯԲѣʺ磬ûʵҲ

ٽᷢʱʵٵǻλȣһʱģΪԭнӣҲδӰ˵ĸ顣
йʢ裬ʯӽֶŮҲʮϲ

ȻҲЩ˶ʩӯԭ

ݲ䣬̲࣬δҵ˶㡣
´ŭ
˰참֮ˣ²Уͬʱưǲܣȫشá

Ļ̡̻
··תȵڶգ䲢̲ʱȻУԵ

ʱ鷿Ȼһ

䣬˳֮ӣԡ
νһϣӣš

յ쳣Ŀ죬ǰջհʱѾƹ
ϣ¡һ׹һ

*

ҽæ죬ʩӯѹ
һҲԪֻԴš

ʩӯ۵ʱѾСεδģʯϣһһࡣ
ۿŴȻЩźʩûаѲճ

뿴档

һج֮УڻȴҲǵöμʲôֻǻ㱼ʮֿ¡ڻ˼԰

磬£°ϸȥҩȻۻˣæ§ʤο

ʩӯǣǿЦЦ˵Ҳ¡
ϸİο⻰˵ںȴɫѿˡ

ãҶ¡ҧ֮ǰ£ȴ޵üŻѪ
˭ɱˣֱǧ鶼ƽͷ֮ޣ

ЦЦʩӯƮģǲ̤ʵ
۱ۼ䣬ƺʱǸ˵ӣֻÿµĽ

һĽӴߡ

Ǽµĺ붼ϸ룬οˡ

׼˵㻰һϵģͼһòţϻЩˮգüĿԴƣ˽ݡ
ʩӯۣϲ

ĳϹʩѭ
ߵߣ֮ǰǲĳȶˣͷϸ˼ʩӯɫ԰ףֻ۵

ŮʱϱΪⱲӶԵˣ
Ī˵ϣҲ۵Ľ

磬¡СŮ§ģο

ʩӯЩڣСʱʩѭûٱ׽˰󣬾ûйˡjhck
ָоֻ˲䣬ԼҸ׿ĻУȻ벻ЩˣֻƺһӾͶˡ

קʩѭǰ·ˮʱ̲סˣ˵Һ£Һú£̫ˣ̫ˣǸˣ
޵óҭҭģӶ΢΢

һԣ۾һȻ͵ᡣ

ʩѭļ米Сţͬʱϵ֣һĿ

ҡͷʾ£Ӳᣬȥʩӯ֣ʩѭһʩӯ

ĸڲ࣬ʩӯžаһͣ£ʩѭȥʱŷѾ˯ˡ
Сİźãȥϱ֮ǰһֱ΢΢ŵüɢжʱһɣͺãͺðһȥ䡣

ô£˵˵·ֻ˸ţ֪顣ʩѭһ£ʵ
Щűµλȣʹ˽ͳһְڼҸУÿĴ棬˵ĳȥ˭֪;˵£㼱Ҵҵĸ˻

û飬ϸ˵֪¡
ʵҲûʲô˵ģϾʱڳֻ˵ѡ

˵Ǹ˵ģǶߵ֣ʩѭץסһ㡣

ϵ˵ͷɫ΢

ʩѭЦҲ⣬Ȼ֪ʼĩֻҪǣǾ;ԺѲϵ
Ƚȥݼϣ˵һ˵

ϸվüë΢ֻ˵ЩȻ̾һЩ˵ЩӣǻԲʱü䶼δɹոռɿˡЩк¡

Ҫ⻰ǻҪһ£ŮԼŵǰ棬ڣҲֻʣˡ
ʩѭһͷ뿪

Ϲð˻ʳǣͨûһߵĴ̫࿵ðǰ̫͵

ǰŽȥž֪ϢľͶ֪ˡ

һ侲֮Уʧˤ˲豭
ôʩŮײˣŭ

ȫҪĽ

ҪȥǸӣɡҲΣǵطƫƧô˹ȥ˭֪һء

ȻǣʩңǱƲϵԣ¶м˵Ķˣ˵ô֪ġ

һ

*

ʩѭʱ̲һϡ
ͣ²ӣĿɨԷȻϿºͣʮ֣صİжԷ鵽֡

̲Ӧǣ˿ҵ
Ȼʩѭ곤ʮ꣬ڻһ飬ԷڼҡⲢܴʲôǰЩմȨ˶ΪΪݵʩһȨƸʢʩѭȴˣֱǡûãҲֻǿɿڣϢꡣЩϹõĶ裬֮ǰҪʢ

ϹСӡ

ģѾҵã˳˵˸ղŵķ֡

Ǹṩģ֮ԻȥǸƫƧĵط˿£ļǵöԷòоֹ
˵ı֮ˡ

ڣֻ׷顣




5.     λ£ֺá

ʱԾ˭ӣ竰Ե񡣺;ĸӵܣϳƾԣô
ڴ֮ǰ˭뵽ݱ¡

ԣʩѭĿ䵽˸ϡ
ȮӣĶӡһ䣬Ȼֿű˵ε¾ͷˡ˵꣬ףſ˴

ĸŵļ۵״Źο
úøɡЩÿ£ۿžҪˣܽŸŵķҲܸһ

ȻֻץɱֵǲģҪģǣˡ
֪£ЩүǣЩͷˡ

µȻѡãǣӵĸԸѡģǱЩүǴűѡġ
£ޱͼ뷨

ڳ˶Ŀ˸һۣСμȻ˻ϺͳϹۣǰ;϶ˡ

ЦЦȴЩ
˵ʩӯˣҲ֪ôˡ

иֳʩӯ˫ˮۣڰ׷Ŀת鶯ģܴĺͿ
ȴɫҰܣһ˫۾ֻ˾š

ֻǼ˸˾Ȼŵ˲
ЩǧСǽ˵

*

Ŀʩѭ뿪ʵĻʺ֡
ɻʱʮģʺһ꣬ʱҲʮ壬飬һ·֣ȻΪӣʺҵֶŮʮֳ谮ԾǷҲͺࡣ

ʩֵܽǣʺ۰ģʩӯ

Ǻӣζں¡ϹΪǰˣǰ˵Ļһ飬һǸСѾͷﶼüʺ۲ѣս˻ʵ۵֣˵£˱ϳ͡

ȻһڴӦΪ˷ޣΪ˵Ȩʱͷǣʡµʩѭ׷Ź¡
ķģѾͷҲҿųģȻװ

ǻʺĹ

ʩѭظʱʩӯո˲ãʱ͵ˡϺһ󣬲ְġ

ʱӷ˻ˡ

΢ȣæߵȥӣ˵˵õŵɽͻˡ⺢ӿ϶Ǹ·ȥ
˵Żһȥӷ޾סԺʲô©ûС

ʩʩӯ꣬ѾʮжʮɵĻ飬žȥ˵طΪһ֪ء
ӷ˷ϱӦڼźĸȴʩȥ˵طСˡԼûԹĸĿ࣬ȻҲͲԼĶϱ

ΣҲǷ˵˼飬æŻҪʩӯ

ʩӯЦϵܺã󷽣жȣЩɩ˵Ĺϵ

ڶ죬ʩӯĶʩ޲Ҳӻˡ
ĿǰԺ飬ȥɵףȢĵճŮлϣһͬʣҲӴˣҲƽʱиչˡ

лϲͬڳɩϵˬ񣬺£ǸŵŮӡ
ϲʩӯ˭ĺÿءʩӯҲϲԼҶɩ˭᲻ϲһʫ飬ݪŪݣ绨ѩ¶ܴ淢Ůء

ӣ徻ĳϹȻ
Ϸл˲ֵͣģʩӯľһɢȥСָֻġ

*

һۿҪͣˣȴ

ʩӯڴĴʧѪɫ˵ķɫ
ĵɫཿ

ĲʵѾˣԪ仰ġ
ڵֻ΢һ;ûҲֻţˡ

СݣЪЪȥϴ⣬ŵǰػС㣬ۿСϵѾˡ

ոƹʩӯ˳Ǹ
ε£²ûʩӯȥһšˣ˵ʩӯƳãˡ

ڴ֮ǰҲĸѾĹҲʾǸˡ
Ȼ£˵ֻҲûйģŵĸļ壬Ҳļƽϣֻǿ˵ް

һ졣
˵ĵ죬ˡ

ˡ

ҵĴ뿪õ͸ڵһĽƹ͡

ʩӯ㱻ϣԼȹǡŵĹСè۾Žɫ˿ߣôһգʱԣһ㡣
ɫãδϿѹصشһɫϽŨ޵ɫӳ£ɫÿࡣ

¼תǽֻɫ޻ظһƬɫëƯ

ʩ޲˵õġ
뵽ʩӯһЦ磬Ȼϲö飬ԸȴƣʮȤ˾ͻĵһЩƫŵĶľΣ̣Щһ¡ɩǹ߻Լӣˡ

ʱ˿֪ԼҶٶɩ귢ʡ
ҵĺأ

ʩ޲΢ɲĴһ£Ȼ治ɫ˵ȥǼҵ꣬ƷõֻһԡֻȸãõȥѰˡȵˣû˫㡣

л⣬Цҿõȷϲ㵹Ͷˡˣ㲻˵ȥ򻨣ô

Ҳ˵һ䣬Сϲȥˡʩ޲˵
ҲǼģҵĸš⻰лûʣҲû˵

ͷʩӯۣŷԼ֪˯һ
۴⣬ĥţ̲ʹҪûҳˣǾҪˡ

齱廨Сһ̧ۣˣæ˵С㣬ˣǽһģ˵ǺǸ˽Է߶ɱˡ̲Ѿˡ
֪ԼСһֱ£Եһʱ˵ˣн˿ʼźʩӯ

ʩӯ˰֣ʱ붯ֻҪյˮˡ

һ˵ǽĿ䣬šҪǴ˵ˣһ㣬ýѱ˲鵽뵽Ǳ޻ġ
ǣԭĵʩӯ֪ʵɵġ

˴ҵ뷨ƭһˡ
ԭ׼Ƶϵģ㲻㣬ְŪӸ˲¶࣬˲ɱֱӲ鵽ϡ֮£˰š

֮УغԲ˼ġ
һ꣬峯֧˶ȵ۵ֵܣ뵱ѪԵġ

ôڵĸţûзһأ

ûУ̲ʹ´ʱҲ˿ҪǾʩӯŵԣҲֻǼС¶ѡڼȻѾҵֵģҲܸʵ۽ˡ
ڱʲôǾ͸޹ˡ

ʵ۽ٺʮ꣬ʳٻ
⣬Ҳԣˡ˵ףֻǸֶѣҲֻǽĿΪˡ

ʩӯżȻ˵һʱӡ
ԭеķչ˳עһ¸ţλ£ֺеĴүѾ½ԣٽ˴£ة




6.     ƺǸᡭ

ةƷ
󣬿ɶһ֮ǰֻ˵յĴү˵ǾͲһˡ

ǲӻͷ𲻻ʮʶһġ
Ȼ󣬴ҾͷλεةʼµĻ갸ӡ

̶һ£ʹ
ʱ֮ǰĴӵǻȻ֣⸵žһſɶ΢ġʱޱʶֻ֮˰ţΪһ㡣

ʵϡ
֪֮ǰ˵ְæ˭֪ײҲǼ¡ʩӯ˵󣬻ʺʱЦ

֪Ѿ£ʢ
ڸһµʩӯԷų͸͸磬ʺٽ˹

Դʩӯ˺󣬻ʺһĵţ֪ĲˣŮȥˡ
¼һ͸ŽķΣǳ׷ġ

ʩӯЦǺǵģ˵˿Ҷˣԭ˾Ǻܴ͸º󣬲˴λá
ʱҲŶʮѡ

Ҳ֪󵽵ߵһ

ϧǱû꣬º²֪ʱŮԾԲÿճûٿȥˡ
ӡ滹жʮµء

˵Ϣһ£Ҳ֪Ůıŵһ
ϿʮƽǱǾͲˡ

ʩӯ˸񣬾;ͷһ£ʺĻڶ˵磬ˡ
գգۿȥͼԼҹĸЩǵĿԼ

ô˼ģǲˣʺ˵

ʩӯæҡҡͷСЦ˵ûĸֻ˱£ɲҪô˵֪ˣҪҾڼﲻˡ
˵ŻŻʺĸ첲˻Ρ

ʺһŪպЦ˵ѽҲǵ㡣

ֶڹĥһ磬ʩӯ˶ţС˯һ󣬴ͷûôǿҺ󣬲űų˹˹
ȻͿһϲ

һˮ͵⡣
ģ˵ǳ¿ӣһڹǧǵϲ

ʩӯ˳ζдĽǸеĶˡ
תһ룬϶ֱʡΪʲôʩһܼ򵥵ԭûǮ

ĺƽɫȢΪѰֻǸƷټŮױҲ͵Щ
ӿνǴǮʲôᡣ
˵ʩҪѣҪΣܲסǮ

дһʩĻ䣬ϱʩǵȵɻ˺󣬿żױӿ˵꣬һЩĸ㣬µ·Σ󣬻ճ˲ˮȵȶ
ΪһƵı£˸ҵͷΪˮ˳͢ķͣӵзصĹˡ

Ȼֻǰˡ

ⱲӣŮˣ˽ǮҲ٣ԣʩһŪЩ磬ǰ͵⡣
ⲢѣЩȻ棬ŮʩϾģʮЩķʽѾ˳ΪĽᣬһֱעʩЩȻҲû¡

֪ʩʲô飿ʩӯ롣

ϵԼǲܵǵģʩ͹ˡ
һٹкѻյ͵ϣʼ̽ӵˡ


ʩӯĬһ£ֻ뿴ϷЩ
ŮǴԽŮ䣬˶һ鷳˭¶͡

߶֮£ʩӯֻһ֪ҲȤӣһŰʩߡ
ɵǣʩǰŲߣʩž͵ˡ


ԼŶʩӯ롣

ʩǴŵģʩ΢ЩĶ򲻼࣬ǹʩӯ壬ȻϸһʩʩȻ뿪
ͷβһڷ綼û¶

ֱ䣬С꼸Ѿĺ󣬲ŷ֣˼ûʣߵŮ̽˰


ʩӯһ鶼ʶӣζġ
뿴֣Լ棿
ƺȤ

ʩڵڶ㣬ʩڵ㣬ڵ㣡
˷һѣʩӯ°Ȼڴ˺

ĹȻ죬ɴСδϹ
ΪϴθĲ죬ʱڣʩӯǲȥŸˡûеطȼȫ롣

ۿ⺢ϲյֶȥˣϿĽȴ᲻ôߣֻø׽ļŮǵ˿ڷ磬Լʩӯȥ档

ǣʩӯ͸ܲ˽֡
˹һ磬ණܲȥ˾תһȦ

˾ӽھֲСʵĲʽĸ㣬δ˵ȤĻ
˵˵һɴĻӣ潲ɷ

ֻһʩӯӦþҶ㿪ĵˡ

˵ͲòһʩǰЩЩ꣬ϴλ˵ߵĴѾƽƢһƣʱǺһۡ
ϾޱСʩ


ʱʩӯϵѾˣָֻ֮ǰĵȻ


ʩӯԺС״Ϳˣ䣬ʹʩѾ뷨׼Ҫˣ
Ѿ׼˹ˮ齣͵ſˣȻͱԼЦеĸϳš

òŶ

СǶһ˫ۣʩӯСӭʹ󣬾ʹ˶¥һż䡣
ƿ̨ܿ˵ϣ鲢ï˵顣

ܲʩӯҪ°ȻĶ࣬СϵĲ˵淭
˵ɱ֮ǰǲ˼ˣЦ˵֮ǰСʱҸͼǲסЩʲôںöˣ֪ˡ

ַ˷ʮļʩӯҲЩ£͵׼
ⶼǰʮּҳĲƷ඼˵֡

С²£Ѿ߾ͿʼϸʰѲ;ߵȶԼġ

¥£˵ʣ˵ؾõر֮¡
˵κε֮ݣֱΪˡ

ܲ˻ᣬȻʩӯЦ˵Ҳ֪Σ֮Ρ

ˡʩӯҲͦ£ˬ͵ģҲûˡ
˵Ҳɻھ󱬷ʱڵЩȤζ

϶Ȳġܲ˵һתҪ˵䣬ͱ¥һŭȴϡ

ӣôгӣһ˺ȻվһĴ󺺴˵ʮֺ

ӣܲһʶס죬ϸü΢

ֹʩӯ¥ºüŮͶʧɫ
˼УȻһ

ţЩ죿
ʩӯʶһ£Ȼˡ

ⲻǸţ

С巢ʲô
ʩӯոЩȣž˸ʱü
Ȼ˺͸ɣظԭĵĸϲжˣǲɵЩᷳ

ǰЩԼ׵ѯƺǸס




7.     ʩӯʱţȻ͡

¥´ָ֮ͣôϵ˶Χſȥ
ƹĹȥ˵ᣬȴסǴ󺺵ͷ

ǿЩ߷ߵ

ʩӯ£²ӦǸĵܵܣ

磬ǿ߰ɡԱߣܲС˵ɫܲÿ

ʩӯʱĻãǣ³档
áһӦ¡

˳ţѾǵӵ¥ȥ
һ뷨˲٣һʱ侹Ȼϡ

ǰǸһˣ߸ŵĸ͸ֵںġ
ʩӯЦһûӡ

ǰ˶·вϲ׷ϡ

磬òӢӼǰߵʩӯʮָ˵˵Ҳˡˣ֮ǰ˵岻ʣڿɺˣ

ƣƹӡ
֮ǰڳϳֵٹĲɳڣӢ䣬ʮͳɹ˳һկ˻Ҳǹ̻õѡ֮һ

ʩӯƣͷ
ʵСʱĻԣ꣬ʱʱǴ棬ǸʱĺֳɫͱˣĿȣ̬Ҳ֮ǰƱǡ
ܲϲ

ƹӡʩӯ˸Ȼ΢Ц˵Ѿˣл

̬ȣίʵ̫ƽԵЩĮˡ

ϵЦһпɬһ΢Ц˵ǾͺãǾͺá

ʩӯ뿴мĵģİһλֳû̫Ҫһ¡
ƣȴѾǵǸˡ

ջߣͶǰĸ˫
΢һ֮ǰ֮ʩӯͷ¶һ΢Ц

ųü΢΢΢׺ջߣ¥¡

ʩӯҲû̫⣬ɨ¥ݣûԭǱߵĿŶߣһʱҲûż
֣ܲģС˵𼱣ȥǾߡ

ܲβϻʩӯһתȻ˵û£ҵҪ

ţ
ʩӯЩȣһۣ¥£ΪҲ뿴֣û룬Ц˵á

ԱߣܲϲһЦʩӯ߿¥£ֻߣ̲סʱʱһơ

仰Ĺ¥µ
ƹĺȰǸ󺺺ú÷˵һ£Ǹ󺺲ģһҧ˲г棬⳥ʲôһŲᡣ

Ҳ˾Ȼг棬ҲˡܲС˵˵ĵ̬ǿӲΪʶˡ

һһֱԱߣʩӯҲ᲻뿪ڲ廰˵⸣˾Ӹտûãȴƫƫôã֪˶˵ָۡǳͬһ¡

ۣܲ˵˼¥ģ

пܡʾȥǴͬеˣһСһݣһ԰ǻﻰҧһ¡
Ž˵ҪôҪôҪôҪƹҲû˵Ǻ˵ʼնú˵˵£أƹ˵ٱ飬͸ûƵģһһһ㡣
ֻһſѾΧˣء

ô죿ȥƹģܲЩ˵ֲ֪ô

ôƿʩӯССĵ֮ȤҪʩӯæĻҲ֡

ãǿžͺáʩӯգգۣС˵ղŸʱҿСҴҳȥˣ϶ȥˡʱ䣬Ҳˣǵžͺá

תͷѹ¾µˡ
ȻҲû⻰һڣǸСӾۣקקͷµĴ󺺣С˵˾仰

ʶʩӯһƿƹģɤ˵겻ɲģƹĻҪǿ磬ˣٲˡ
˵Ż˾ȥ

ƹ¼ˣæǧ
ҪˣԼҵϵˮɾϴɾˡ

ɲУ

Ҳʡ͵ĵƣЦǲƽϣƹȴҪǿˣĪ˴⣿

ƹȻ粵Сס󺺣˵ǾѾſڡ

ʩӯգգۣϸֳûڣС΢΢һ򣬲ȷ˵˵ˣ

˵ĳֻ֣˵һѾЧҲ³ʣȻҪߡ

⻰һ֪ںʩӯˣﷴ̹ˡ

ƲɵЩ޴룬ֻÿʩӯ˵ģ˰¡

Ҳãʩӯž͵˵ͷ

ŵ˵ˡ
ʱһֱԱûߵĸźȻڡ

ţ
ʩӯſڣĿ¶ڴ
ʵܲץסν²˵ģȻھεġ

ƿ۸ţá
ѵʩӯãˡ

û𣬸žȺСܴ󺺼ô˵õƹ˿

˶һ£һۺЦһ˵ԭŵˣƹ˵һǻЩʲô
ȻһƹĻеӡ

Ⱥɢŵ˽
һʮˣֳֳͷĴ߽

ƹæǰһ˵

󺺼Ҳ󣬸ǰ

һɣĪ˵ǲ֪ǣв²ܲҲЩãˡ
ʶƣѵǲ´ˣԩǡ

Цһ£˵ǿû֤ݶѡǵĿıҪ˵ҵҲˡ

ôˡܲ⣬˵ͺˡ

ѵʩӯҡҡͷ˵һ⣬ضԷ׷ɣ֪˵󣬶ȻΪһǵĿıǴﵽˡ

ܲһ΢΢üʮֿա
ô죿˵

ʩӯһ£˵µԣڸǾɵģȻһ˵˵ûɡ

ܲʱȻ˼

ԣԱߵĸź͸ʩӯ

ð취ƶʱ硣

ʩӯΪ⣬˵ѽ⣬ֻҪҲ棬˵ֻ²߶ѡ

Сüʶ仰ʱ޵
̧ۿһʩӯȻǰĸ͸¶˼ͳϹסУǺȻһ

ʩӯЦһ£ûô
ԭԵٱȵۣò˵ĵȷЩʡԱߵĸҲ

Ȼ͵ģϲ湫ӡ
ûȤȥů飬ȥлѷ磬ṫСĺǻ

ϵĿǴةӣʱЩΪѵļۺȻ˸ţ˵ϰ񣬲֪ɷͷݣǰһԴ

üһ
ʩӯʱţȻͶ֪ʲôʱ˫ۡ

ţ
ʲô




8.  ڰ   ʩʩѵûᡭ

۵һ˵Ŀʱ۵˸ϡ

ƹ۾һڴĿŸţǰ

ʱС£Ȥɢϣĵ˵

һ˵΢㶣ﻹ˵ʲô
ⱾǾ£͸ة޸ɣλҪԸæȻ˵ҪǲԸ⡭Ҳ޷

λҵĹӣͨСʵǵﲻ

ƹĶʱȻҲҶ˵

ʩӯ۾΢΢е죬ʶ档
鷢ʱξ顣дǣʩڳĿ¶꣬˹߻ģڳʱİǻ˳˵䡪

ˣΪȵԭ򣬸Ųûб˻ɳɱ֣ʩҲûǻڣλүҲû˰æ˵˼
⡭

棬ڣֻ¶һϸ죬龰
ʩӯ֪Ҷʩ档

ѵΪĴڣҪŮһ

ʩӯﶵתתɵü΢
ֻϲ֣ǲϲı顣ŮŮ䣬ŮԴԽŮ˻˺־ͦõģϣᱻı䡣

˲ԷŹ⻪
ʩӯȻûпʲôɱҲʶעⲻһüƾЩˣ촽һ׼ڴ¥̯ӡ

ָһҲԡźȻ˵

ٴ׼ȴֱϣʱڣ̧۵۸ţ˵ֻ˵Ů˼ת䣬벻Ҳ١

ƹˣ·ƽˡźǺһЦȫ⣬ž¥

ƻ׼˵䣬ͷָŲӲ磬Լͱˣһҭֻҧվ

ʩӯͬĿƣתͷ¥¡

һֱעʩӯȻĿ⣬ʱˡ
ĸš

ܲؿۣǼ׸ΪκȻĿڣҲΪκȻ
ʲôһʺŵĿʩӯ

ʩӯգգۣҲ֪

ûжԱ߽һ˵̬۵ףƣֻƹʵڲ
ʩСҪ֣λСȥæֻи˵ģƫҪڳⲻǸԼҲ

λЦʵ䵭Сʲôʱôˣ
еɻ룬׵һߣֻѪ

ڸŵĽ½ĳԤϵĿ죬յʱ䣬ʹӳӵȵȷϵ
оݣ֮ſΧŵһڰջȻ˵ԭˡ

ƹĺݺݵ˿ԾԼҵǱסˡ

֣ʩӯܲ¥ЦӯӯĿŸţ˵Ӻ̽
⻰˵ÿνʵ⣬֮ǰֻ̽ڵϣڲŷ֣ڵϿĶֳ￴˼Ĳ˵ֻЩһһէͱЩȺȤˣ

һ˫۾ĺ棬ʢ̾
żˣ֪ΪΣһƺëỮ¡

лޡûǵϣĵ˵
ֿޣһѾˡ

ʩӯȻԸ飬˵죬ȼһ㶼˿ž͸ˡ
öá

ʩӯŸŻǺܼٶ˵䣬žͱܲˡ
֮ǰֵʱԣǸӣֻģһ̶ȥˡ

˺ˣЩʩӯ΢Ц˵Զȥ

Ƶ۸ţ

Ѻ˴ˣƹæŸлţҲ⣬ڰ־׼ˡ
ֻǣǰ΢ɲ֮ǰʩӯȴ

֮ǰʩӯֻܵȴеˡ
ģ˭

ҲûԼС
ԴӼʩӯ̲ס֮ǰ͸¶˼

ǣɻ
һһһ

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ҹ
Ѿǵϣ֮࣬ʩӯϯĽ¡

ֵ°룬ҹɫã¹棬һȻ󱻵ƤԾ顣
ȦȦ»財

Ƥʩӯ˵˿ʳȥͷֻ㡣
ʳû£ͱֻԾԽ˶

ֻ㶼ɾˡ˵˵㣬һֻռ˱ˡ

㶷Ѿ߲һЦһʳȥ

Сһɻ仨ͳŵĻ䣬ȫʩӯߵСϡ
Ѿǳϻƿȶһۺһƿ

С㣬Σǵʩӯۡ

ʩӯȻ˵ãƿģģѾǣҲġ
ֻ޲Լûӣ޷֮

һٻ˵ļѾϺߣȤæɢ

С㣬СʹҴҹСѾ˵˼仰˵СԺзƢء
˵ŻԼĺɻ֮ǰԼС͸λˮˮǰʱ䲻֪ôˣȻҪ̽ССĶ

С㣬͸˲ˡ
֮ǰѾ߼Ĵԣı֣ʮֵţǴ̽У̶ֻһ£ͷƢ֡

ǶСأʩӯʡ

˵Сϵıˣ˵Сȡȥ궬÷ȡ

ԣʩӯ˲Цˡ

С۰Ͱ͵ĿԼС㣬ܽһ

ɲԣ÷ôܲءãʵڲáʩӯЦӯӯҡҡӡ

ˣС֪˵ˣֻ۰Ͱ͵ȥ

ŮԴԽŮһŮʤ
Ҳ֪ʩʲôʱܷҪҵʩʱػֵġ

¾ˡ
мأŮǰ־ͷԪȻǰʩȢƸĴ̽һʱ䣬֪Ľʩ

ˣ־̽ɵλãɾͱסඡ

ɻһҪء

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Ϸ˷ϣͲҲʮͷ
ȳϹȢλӣ޳ԽңĳϹͶүӡڶԬĸұãүڷϣĵӣϽµŮ

ʵλϵҸȳϹеļңȴȢ˱ã˼ǣýŷ¾үȻѲ
ɵǣʱѾδ򣬿δȴǣתתǼ޽˳ϹϹྴһӡ

ιжʲôأǾͲ˵ˡ

λϷ˺ҵĹϵĳϹʩѭҲʮ־أӲ֮˵
λϷϲԸ˴ţԶ¹أŮ죬ֻһʮȥͺá

ʮˡ

һģʩӯʰ׵ȥϷڵԺ
Ȼͬһɶϵƽƽʩʩѵûӣɲ¡

Ժʵʮ徻
һţͱϷߵʯӭ˽ȥ




9.  ھ   ɽ

ԺݣֲֻЩľ
ѾʱЦᣬʹʮš

ĸ׽ΣӿɻãΣЦʯ֡

ʩӯ࣬ĿǰСϣԾͶ࿴˺üʯ·ߵССҰ
˱ʰľƯ󻨶䣬Ұ͵һˡ

ʯȻ˵ã˵ݡ
һƣʩӯȥЦݸԼ׺ϥĸú󣬾ͱĸŮ¡

λǶˣɼˣĸĪҪ֡Ͽ۶ŵĶϺ˽ϣԴǸĶ׵Ϸ˵

˵ϷˣɷҲűϴʮңȻЩ·ɼȴɺ
ϲӹѵǸϲָϲ鷳ˣҲû̫⣬ֻҡҡͷ˵˾ް

ʩӯ͵۴Լĸ΢򣬺ȻЩͣЦ
ҪǿԣǸǹʲô޲һֱ徲ĲźáТϣⲻеġ

һ㣬Ҳڼ֮Ҳû˼ңֻʺ˼䣬Сʱͻ뿪ġ
ⲻѾͶĸ˵˻ĿǸģҲЦӯӯĴ˻Ĭϣż˵仰ӲӪһź

ŮҲߵĽ˽˵ʱŷʮڡ

ʩӯűˮһԣ͵۴ʩʩ
Ŀֻ֮ʩ̬ȻǺЦȻδ¶ϲ֮ɫһ֪ܺáʩȻ෴ţ΢΢Ϥһףزô

Ůʲôأ
ԭһһܿС˵ˣܼסŮʹ¾Ͳˡϸµľ鰲ţͼǲˡ

ŮʩĴŮŮʩ귽ʮꡣڴ֮⣬ͬڳͶ徻ңģ밲֮ʱֻԼŮ
ദʩҲǸõŮסϲ֣ȴʵ͵ȥʩЩ⡣

ʩȴʲôûע⣬ֻʲô

ԱߣʩЦ⽥

ʩӯϢһо۵ףֻýһϷȻĲȴ⾫ʡ
ȤʵȤ

β裬Сʱ뿪ԺһƬ

*

ʩӯȥ˳ԺòŻ˲ˮ鿡
δӻ԰߾ȣǴԺ˸䣬ˮԽȥղˮ鿵ľϣСѾ߾͹˵СС㶼ڣء


ʩӯֻƮһʡԺš

λ㣬Ȼжһ

˭ģʩӯʡ

СȵġСѾ߻صnxjs

ʩӯ˹λԼ˲²⡣
ʩӦ£ʩǵԼ¡

˵λʵϿÿʵﲢΡ
ˣԼʩвѹʩ޹⣬ٴȣҲֻǸʮŮȻܲˡ˼Ͳ²͸ˡʩ͸˵ˣĵµ߱͵£ֻ޲ȫµĺôģο

ȻºƬ̺ʩְѻ˸˾ϣҪʩӯĺģȥ̽һĻ֮ˡ

ʩĬȴʩӯĻش

ʩӯ΢΢һЦֻúЦʩǾжúŪȻ
֣ˣһԽһǰ㣬ʵ࣬ʩĳȣʩôôס

Ȼܾˣֻ˵ԼȤ
⻰˵ĻȽί񣬵ʩӯµʩֻһĿ֣Լ¶ѡ

ۼŲԼô˵ʩӯ⣬ʩʧһֻ÷
¶ʧǿĹһ󣬾뿪ˡ

ҲûʩӯſڣѾͳһȥ

ƺǸ˾ӺܸȤʩӯ£ʩ˵һ䡣

ӦǺɡʩӯһĵ˵ϾǼҵĶͦ˼ġ

һЦʩʣþͲ𣿡

ʲôʩӯǩ˿Űõ֦ˣ˵ֻռʶְˣдտɱǼҺöˡ
⻰˵ú⣬ʮġ

˵⣬ʩ˻
ȷǰʩеķӣɶЩЩģζõĵ⣬׵ȵȣûС

ûϵȻˣоǡ
εһʩָʾģ뵽ʩĿһ䣬Ȼô˵ֶΣ̫ˣ

תʩʩӯͼ촽΢Өıҧ˿֦
ʮָˣġ
ջߣûж࿴ļҲŸ뿪ˡ

ʩӯǩӹѾʪӲ˲֣úֻߡ
һֳʸʩ֦Ȼʣţ΢΢һЦ

ϲ֦˵һ䣬˿ڣ־Ȼǰܻ̲裬͸˾Ѿġ

СޣûסȰ˾䣬С㣬֦̫أٳΪá

֪֪ˡʩӯ˵ãûסֳһš

СΣֻ˶׼Щܻĳʳ

С㣬ôС㰮ԵģⲻʣšСʡ
С뾫ֺÿͳҲܷ֦ҲųŶѣţǲϲԲŶԣôԼС˵أ

ʩӯһ£˵棬ȥɻ
ĸѾߣСأСᣬС飬СáǰµģҲСĴֻࡣ

С죬ˡ

Сʵڲ񻰣С㣬Ҫȥ죿СҸСʹСӣ΢΢ü˵
ߵˣ⼸͵С֮ǰǱ̵ֽġ

ʩӯҡͷֻ˵أͦõģСİɡ
ĸѾССҲʮ壬ʵûҪô

תתС׼ͷ˽ú˵˵ġ
Ѿ߾ѾߣɱСʾиǿǻҪġ

ԼСЩѾʱϧӵĿû
ǵĸ

ʩӯԼĴѾߣ徻
˼룬һЦ

ʩĸ׳ң㣬СܵĽϲŭɫ,öڱƽ֦£ϲ벻ϲ᳢һţҲһţΪҪöأλûȰ³š
ϲʲô

λҲûﰡȻǰԼ

ôúŪô

ôᣬЩ۽粻ǵ͵СһԽӻ

ʩӯŷ֣֪ѻ˵˿ڡ
𡣡Ц˿Ƿ˵Կ죬˵䡣
Ѿͷǡ

С߸˵Ľˣ˵˵ĶĻﻹҪ죬С͵Ҿˡ

⸣˾ӵǱǰԵĿɺöˣҲ֪ôġ̾

ʩӯŵİɫǿ飬˵ʲôٹһʱ䣬ˮǶеġ

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գ

ɽ

Ϧ죬Ƕһʢֵĵƻᣬʩӯϲġ
꣬˼ѾƮ˱ĵط

Ϧ죬ɣݹ֯ŮʩӯͲԼ߸ŵһȥ˰õľ¥ż
ȻھԼҵһεܶӺʶĴѾǳˡ

⹷Թˡ

ȥ¥ˡԼг̡

ȥɣʩѭ˵

ʩӯԹԵͷ˶ңȻԡ
Сںء

¥λںӱߣƹİʫʣ£ϲύѧӡ
ˣҵʮܾνĲǻӭţһƫ˵ĹҲϲ

¥㣬ܽǸ̡
ɫĵ࣬ſȥɼһʽֺÿĻƳɴУһ׵գͼ⿪

ʿ۵ѧһ𣬵ۡ

ڵ⣬ʩӯɴ棬ֻ¶һ˫տȻۣѾŵӵֱ˶¥Ͷõż䡣

ʩӯǶЩȤЩʫĲȤҪǣʫҲˣºҪݵ䣬׷ݸ
ҪŹ֣Ųء

Ļµչ飬ΪؼѽڡϦΪʫʡ
ȻӦʣã֪䣬ͷֳɡ
һ־ΪףһԽѧϻΪף˵ǽϵһӣһλСԪ

ϻ٣öĸо
ʩӯ룬벻Ķ˵֡

ִ¼䣬˾һԾһŪɡ

ʩӯȥⲻع۵ȵɡ
϶ʩ
룬ʹӶĴ濴ʩʧ΢Цɫ۴ŭ顣

ף
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10.  ʮ   ȻͲá

ôʣôʰ̾ϻ٣Ҳ¶̾

־΢һ㶣ʶʩڵķſڱ˵С㣬ⲻף

һ㶣ʩģ
˵ҲϾ˽֪ĲŮ

ּʩСġɻʼ顣

ʩ任ᶨ΢˵ûġ

Ȼˣ

ʩӯգۣš

ѾӦ¼ȻдģǾʩġ

Ŷԭǵģļ䣬ʩӯһ£ƺʩдǰʩЩʫʣٱ֮˳ȥ
Լȴǲмռ˵ʫΪеġ

˵ʩӯҲɵ²һ£ⲻìʩķӿ귽ʲôˣȵʫôͲмˡ

ѲɵӲʫʲĵ
ɣˣſְɡ

Ȼʩô϶кֵġ
ȻʩһºûãһףЩǵŵ˵ġ

һʱ䣬˻Ȼ

λ̨ĪҪԣ־ȿڣ˵Сй״ʣȷ̨ˣѲΪУ

ɾƷܻˣ
һǵ˵Ŀм

Ǹȴֵʮ䣬ͦصǺ˵֤ݣ

־İȻ˵ǽǺ죬Сһ֤ݣУλУ

ֿʩ˵ʩСֿ֤ݣ

ʩҡͷüԴǳ˵״ʣһã֤ݡ

׷ᣬ˵ѴżãʩСûֽϣϸϸƷζ𣿡

仰һͬȷмѴʣǶҪ¸˴еġ

μģд¡ʩʵ״ͱĹˣô뵽Ҫ

ȡһ壬˵ȴ֤ݵģֹ֤ݣһ֤ˣһǰʫڶ˳ͺⶼҵ֤ݣʩС㣬أ

һֱ¶߷ߵͬʱվȷԡ

ʩ΢Цȥ˵һ֮ǰϦʫʣ˵꣬ش𣬱˵ʣȥ䣬ֻһֱղһʫʣһ㣬ҼҵѾ߶ǿ֤ġ

ѾԣΪ֤С㲻īƲʱ䡣С˵ȥһ⣬ʱҪϸϸãСȴ˵δйⲻ̫ɡЦ

֪ѾϣǵĻţ
˵ףҪ֤ݡ֤ˣҲõ¸ص֡

ã㲻£Ҳǡλӡʩ˵λĻѣôЯĸ壿Ī뵽ɣ

£ʩЩɵǶʱȷ

ɫ䣬ֻ˵ϰ߶ѡ
ʫһһʣһóմںʹһཻɻиĽ֮ˡ˵Żĸһһɢ棬ֻͿͿĸģʮӦĻ

Ծڴˣ׼ȫ飬һ֣ɣʱճˣȻ˵꣬ʩЦݾʧʧŹ˴

ʩӯ촽һɾ³Ƥ
ţԼྵĹӾ㡣
Ȼ˿ڲ衣

֣ÿ
룬С˵Ķֳ˼οѾ߰˰˵С˵

䣬ʩӯĿһɨͶϲ淿䴰渵žдЦĿ⡣

ô˵ոǸܲҹӶˣ


ﾪκˣʩӯУҪ֪ˣǲüѹѧϰǡ
ųɹȴһЦ΢΢ͷȻ֣˴

ֻҪҲΣεľǱˣ
ʮ֮һ㡣

ҲаҪǡ

ؿ𶯣Цһ

һЦֹסˣһղǸСѾͷȻ˫Ưۣǿ׳΢ЦһȻϴӣ̲Ҳ̡

ʲôˣ

ĿȻĿһɨһ
࣬ʱ̲ס棬˭С嶺ˣЦôģʮֺ°

С壬Цʲôأĵܸܵʡ

˰ֻ֣˵£ûҪѸղſ˵ȥ
ɣԼҪ˵ȥǸСѾͷǻ̲סˣϾǽС㣬Ҫġ

ղһӾô˼ôζЩ롣
ʩɫ˸Ǹ飬¶״ʵˡңǸСѾͷֻһζĿ֣ͷβûоɹƺ֪һ

˼̫˼ˡ

С壬ô䷿һã˵ҲʣȻСԹ
ڵ䷿ҰЩСĴֻܿһ롣˵ĵλˣ䷿Ǹģû취ˡ

üͷ̧£˵ѡģܿˣôʲô

ƹް΢졣
ʱüʩӯߵѾߣʱ˼һתѡܿķ䡣
ʵҲ֪ʱôģڻʵڲס

ŭԣֻûĻȥ֡

˼ܾãԼС͸ղŶЦǼйء

Ÿţа롣

Ҳ֪˭
еϧ׼ѷ䶨ʩӯڵģϧСһ

ܵߣͷһۣ档
ǸСѾͷĴأҲ֪ΣǺģ


ţ̲סʼЦˡ


ֵһۣЩҲ˵ʲôֻøɸġ

棬ʩӯɫ΢ţתѾǺǲ⣬˵

ôô죬ſˣ˵ȥô죡
ôô죬֪϶Ҫѵ֪Ҳûء

ô찡

УһҪȥҸţҪ˵ȥ
û

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һ棬ʩӮˡ
׳״ʵĿһʼͲΪʩȥҪŮ

ʩһƵˡ

һʩĲŮ֮ǻӰ
вŻˣƫƫǡӽ֮ʩҲʫˡ룬ھеǸԽ֮ǰˡ

أʩҲû뵽ֻΪ˱ʩ֮ǰԸ˾ӳֶΪ֮£Чɡ

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Ǹڱ롣
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.ԽŮʩӯ˸磬ס΢ıӣѾǵĹа˰֡
һڵҰЦ˵

һִĻʩӯ֮ǰĴϣ׼ߵģΪҪҸ˵˵ּ
ȵϿ¥ӰŴҴ׷ȥ




11.  ʮһ   ž붺

硪ʩӯŲԼĳţ׼׷ϸţһǶ
ǽҵ磬ˡ̧һȻŮ࣬

Ҳ˰һ𡪡翴ʩӯ۾һ׼ǰ

ʩӯһۣ˵ҪҴҵһֻ˵¾תˡ

类ϣʹãȴҲֻĿʩӯԶȥ
ٿ䣬׼ȥһˣһ뵽ոʩӯļɫ۾ʱ΢С

˭һ˵棬ֻŵ

عӣ֮ˡ

翴ʩӯȹųţ˼

ôõϢλֵ֪СЦ˵

ȻɬĻëѾͷȤĺã͸˺еζͶˡ˶Ȼ˱˼ҡ
ԼҸոձʵɡ
ٺȥ̽̽·

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С㼱Ҵҵĳţȴʲôֻڴй䡣ٲȥүͷ˸õȼˡ

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ҪҸ˵ȴ֮ͥµȥȻ֪ǸֶӣҲĵܸܵǸͣһǽѹ֣

ţĶôҪתİ
˵˶ϲֵѵĶˣһ˲ɣ

ӣ̲סߺߵȥֱߵĵơ
䣬䣡

ʹãʹðС飬ٴҪˡƹĵ˵СĹĵ

ʩӯʶԼʲôСһ죬æջ֣ǸĳƹЦһ£һľȻֻƯèơ
ۼƹһĵĿһˡ

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ָһˣʩӯæ˳ȥŲȻһ٣ࡣ
ǡ

һָȻ˵

һ֮£ɻǹȥסָˡ
һͯĸˡ

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ʩӯŹȥҪС

סţɤ˵λǧС㰡Ҫ񸾵ͺãҵĺ޹ģˣˡ
˵ŻͷӶͷͼѪ

ⳡɧ˲ˣһɣʱָʩӯ˽

ͷ֮ǰȰѺӷ¡ʩӯ벻˵ָָ㣬˵˾˶νű˵ĺ

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⣬ʲô˼

ʩӯǰŮ΢΢һͱס
Ȼ££ϺõƶͣưͣһƥҪʮȻ㶥Ҳͨ˴ģ㡪û˵ֻһȻЦܴƶ͵˼ңͨҲᴩɫոǸУʹͷûѣⲻҩʲô

һ£Ů˲ɾţҪܣȴѹء

ʩӯ׼ȥӹӣȴСסȻСǰ
С㣬ͺá˵ƶһƥʮ𣬿ҹѵͷûС˵ҹｿﱧӡǿɲ۹

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Ժ׷ˣ

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ֻԼңңһۣת

ʩӯæ׷ϣֹʱŷֲ֪Ѿ˺ӱߡ
ǰ棬ϥڰߣڷźӵơ

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ʩС㣬£һƣźӵƽƮԶվüﺬЦ

ԤϣԺϾݵֻͶĸо
ĺⰡ
һ̣ʩӯȻ;ſźܲ˳ˡ


ķһ㣬Ųɵ΢΢ۣЩɻ
ʲô

ҹ磬Ҳյʮ
ԣʩӯҲĿ˸ǵ¡

̲סգգۣȻЦˡ
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ǸţҲɱɫ΢΢һ۽һԼ־΢Цɣǰ˵£

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Ѿ֪˰
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СѾͷôô˼

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̫ˣʹļףһӸ磬ȻһŮҪô

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ˣϸˡ˵ˣֲǷġ

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һ֮£ž붺ˣ˵Ͳƭ㣿


۾ʩӯãȻĿŸš
ܰɣ

Ȼǲˣʻе㿴˵۹ġ
ˣߺͰǲмƭһСŮӵġ

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ƭģôôƭ˵İɣҷġ

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˵꣬ŸŲһЦ

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Ȼ˵̵ʩӯЩ£Ȼʶ˵ãõģ

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ŲЩ
ˣȻ뵽ԼҵҪ֪ˣҪ˵ıȸŻ


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12.  ʮ   ܾáЩ֡

žЦһղʩӯ͵͵ӣЦͣ
ôô˼СѾͷ

ʩӯյԾƯĺӵƣдԸȫ˶ƽֽԶ

ȻϦԸЩʣûˣȻҪףԸˡ
飬ǱЩ°ɡ

̰ģһͺá

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ոΪ³çԼ߶һͨǧ֮õȴʩӯֻ˿ЦǺǵĽȥˡ

Ȼ
һʺͰʩӯ̵

ʩӯôͷɥ˵ùã֪~ոڼѾ˵󷢴ȱͱ˵˺ò
СԼȻںģⲻǿ

ѽʺΣֻﵣĵĺܡ
ҲǵûƽȣλүȻãɻʵ׳꣬ҲҹֱȡȻŮһ֪ҪܶơɾҲܵģܵսʳǣ֪˶˵£ѱǲ˼֡

ǵģûü磬ʺ룬ͰЩһ˵ʩӯ
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˵ûԸ˵ҲҪ˵

ʺο΢Ц

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С죬˵øҵȻҪѽ

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ʩӯԾ˶䣬Ȼ£
ɳһЦ

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˵ʩȻԹаֱӣ¼򵥴ֱо̻˵ɲ鰸ϸ»

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ĹϵԼȥɡ

ʺʩӯǶɫջߡ
뷨֪ģǣ˿ҪǳϹϵ

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òԸ񣬶ɡ

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մȨͼΣĺƽ
Щ̩񰲣ս£佫֮ʱĳȻȻռ壬ķ磬Ҳʢ

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ǷŰ֮գ׼νİ׽

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ϲ˳
Ȼϲĺܿͱ˾

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Ҳɵܾܿ췴Ӧæ˵ȥȥˣſſ

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żˣ˾³ӣ𣬿ϧڲܳԡ

ûϵٵȵȣȥͿˣ
ʩӯ߶߶ʹȥ¥µ֣žЦ

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ϲһнԪʵϲ£ֿɵð
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ܾáЩ֡




13.  ʮ   Ҫ븵

˵ˣôúˡʩӯգ۾˸ղǵŵеʡ

պůº͡
ǵʧѪɫĲ԰յ

˵Ĺϵʵֻһ㣬Ϊϴʩӯ¶׽һЩ
ʼǼǵԼܵʱŷסǵġ

շŰֶ˵

ʩӯʱȻȴ⣬ûôһ˺
㻹ǿЩȥɣˣҪϢǡһ䣬ž͸뿪

ڷһϸ֮ű
ŴŴǵӰ׼ջ񣬺ȻһͶʩӯߡ

ۿɼģʩӯһ£ȻӯӯһЦ³Զȥ

常ˡ㱼䣬ƺŮö˵

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һæס˵常ðɡ

û¡Żӿվã米ֱͣ˿쳣

ֻǳζѡ˵ȴ֪˵˭

˵ʲôɻ˵Ÿɫҡҡͷ˵ǲǲˣǿȥɣҪĸ֪ûչ˺϶Ҫ˵ҵġ
Щͷʹ˵ʵڲԼλ˵常ΪʲôڼҺúţҪ

ŵ˵ͷʾͬ⡣

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֪ҴħСĶô˵ʱ򰡣ԴСؾ󣬾Щԣ֮ǰƭ˵ЦݵˣЩ㱡֮ǰС͵ԼںĸɣԼСǲϲˣԷ˼ء

ûԼϵĴֶӣ¥ӭ⣬һ
Χ̬ʻһһק˳

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ѵǰȢʩӯ
ΪʲôЩѹ

⵽ô£

*

صȸĸʩӯͳԼԺȥ
תˮǲסˣͰ˻·԰ʱмΧʩ˵Цȥ˸֡

ԭǶ֪־ĵнԪ飬Ȥʩأ־ҿͷ϶˻£ֻ־оٱö¸ĽǶ֪ġ

⡭
ʩǲ̫ðɣ֪ʩǰ¾ʩӯʱȥȴȵķ֣ǺЦƺʮֻϲһ㡣

üһҪ˰
һѾ˻ȥС׼ʲôˮˡ

ǹ

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Ȼ

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˻ʩʩӯʼɢ֪˳С·˸һƫƧԺӡ

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ʩ

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ĸ֮Υңһ
־Ļ˭

ţʩƺǾȵһ

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ô˵㲻ϲ㣿ʩ΢

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ʩӯ̧ͷʩĿѯʡ


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С㣬㡣־˵

ӡʩ㵡

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ң

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ɣɶ㣬

Сͨᡪ

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߼תƿԺţ߽ȥڽ¿һҵ־ĺʩ

ʩӯĬĬϣֱüһԼҪ¶Цݡ
ȻӦʩ԰ǶԵģⲻͿֳⲻС˵͵Ӻÿǻʵ׽飡ϧˣڲྰѹӡ

һЦݲ˵ɫ£ʩӯʩһ⣬ȻĬĬջߡ

ǰ棬ʩһ˵Ŀ־ĺʩ·͸ġ
ԣɻ˻κȴεˡ

Ŀ漰ʱ
ʩӯ˵žͼĺһһ֮ڴҴҸϵˡ

ʩӯȻļȥԲ˿ҵֻ֣ԼԺӡ

粨𣬵ȴϢûдȥ

û˶ʩҲûٶᡣ
ĽϻԾ˼죬ȻͰҲףһֱûȻһҪȢʩ뷨ûеġ

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Ͼ֮ǰҶ׼˵ˣý˶ˣȴȻǸ˶è塣

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һʼֻǼƹݣȵڶ죬һѫ˼ҾͶ֪ˡ

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ɽ㣬ˮ㣬㣬ɽ㡣
һȪ಻ˮʼѣӵķȵ＾ɽ죬ɽƸǼߣգȴŶԼζ

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һ˽ͤӣԿɽĵۡ

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ҲûеŮֻмŮбҲһˡ

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Աûס۸¶̾

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ǵùϵˣҲû룬ֻΪǲͷˡ

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֪ԼҴɩŸҪɽ֪Ϲỵ̂ۡɩŵȴǷ𣬽ȴһ뷨Ѳ¡




14.  ʮ   ᣬҲů 

յǸߣҪɢ档
һһŮǾͶɢȥˡ

СںУķҶƮȻ·ϣľʫ黭⡣
ʩӯСıܿĻݾ£վŸ˵һȥ䣬Ӳ㣬Աɡ

΢ȣü
ϴڳԺʱһĻɲٶ˵ͼǰʩӯ΢΢ףתѾǵӵ뿪ˡ

ʩС㡣šüѣ˵ɽƸӣöСġ
һ֮£Ȼʩӯ⣬Ҳǿи¡

лӡлʩӯ˦˸˷УֵСܻȥ
С缸֪ģĸϣһ˺ܿʧڷ

һмŸ׳ķ֪˼꣬˺ϱϸ֦ѾҲߣȫ˲ȥ
ʩӯСʱ棬ﵽȥŷ漸֦ɽ֯һ𣬾ȻγһȻʽյĿռ䣬º󣬿Կ֮еһǣµȪˮһŷ滹һ޴Сʱ򻹿ȥ棬ڲˡ

˼䣬ʩӯһ̧ͷЦˡ
С㿴ҳˡɣָȻһ£˵˵

һۣȥԼ߻ġ

ϲС㡣СϲһѾΧˣĵһı仯

ʩӯתһȦĲɣһܻء

ѾǶŵţʧ֡

ûµġʩӯȺ΢΢֦˵ֱãĿ֮ɽ죬Ц

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15.  ʮ   繫ӱү

ʩӯʶջסؿڣһ
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ĶжʩӯѾ̧˹ȥȻͷ֣Щ˿Щ΢


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ǸˡӦǸŷԸСʩӯ֮󣬾ͱֱ䡣




16.  ʮ   ʩӯʮ

ް塣˵

ʩӯգۣеɻ󣬸Ųôջݣ
ɻҪ֪İǲֵһᣬˣδͿʼˣ˵ʲô

ЦһۣƺЦļȣȴҲûٷϻɴ˵

СĸѾ߾ʩӯ󣬼֪ĵһѽϴкãСǩ׼˵ˮ

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ȵ˵꣬Ҳܽǰ

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һȤĹ£һɵСڼˡ

ʩַ㲻㣿иոµСЦ˵




17.  ʮ   ҩ

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⡪
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õܣ벻ǸӡһᳰмʩһԵĴйճ˵ǵݣʲô˵òЩ꾹Ȼһĵʩӯϣ˵ŵѾͷҪ˵ڻǸͯӡ

˵ǣǿ϶ˡ
ûû֪Ƶ
߸ŵС

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绨ģЩҲѾϰˣֻҪǰҸ㣬еǾͺá

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ʩӯݣô䵽ںСҪĻ顣ʩӯ

ǣ
ʩȴֻܲĵѹȻԹ޼Ӿ硣

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ʩʱճ︵ſĶʼɶʱַ

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һƫƧĽ˵ѾСǶΧԵĶ

һĲˣһ˺ܿ쵽˴͵Ժ
ڼ䣬һѾʹƬ̣⡣

ʩһԳĬЦŸߵ˵䣬ߵĴѾ߹˼䣬һ任Ƭ̺󲻼뿪Ƭ̣û߳Ȼεڵء
ƻֹͣڼæѾ߶˵

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һԣ¯д壬Ӧһֻ㡣

ʩӯЩ壬׼Щ뿪ţȻҡҡͷ
ôôΡС졣




18.  ʮ   زǲ١

һڣʩӯкȻѣԣűųȥɸһһģڵء
ôһʱ䣬Ѿˡ

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ȥ԰ˣ룬ž뷭ȴǡʩε

װġ
۾һɨͿ˳һתͷʩƺЩ˷ܺͼǣʩεȴҲɻġ

װεʩԵʩ
вԤһζתʹ󲽳Ż԰ȥɻ԰ûˡ

أ
вԤжʱȷЩʩӯѾͷ϶ˡ
Ѿͷеʵһ֮ĶûС£ֻҪģ֪ж򵥡

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ȵҴҹսСȻС˺СȴҲƵĸۡԺ䷱࣬·ͨ˴ֻĿĵһ֪Ҫҵʲôʱ

ǿԼ侲ӽ˺ʼ䣬һ˿һҷŹ

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ʵǲǺйء

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ⲻͺˣʩӯоһ΢Ц

С㡭û˵ֻڵģزǲ޵ģֻΪҡ




19.  ʮ   ҩزôʵ

ʲôңʩӯӵǾˣǵԭʩȻҲʩˣ֮޽ġ

ĵͷʾûҪ˵һŲһƣϽŲ΢Ľݡ

~ʩӯ΢Լ׺ĵ׵ʱӿ

ˣ˾ͺã˾ͺáʣۼ۽ǵϸƶ˼˿

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˵٣ʩӯԼӡ̡


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յѾԺæʰ̸Цʩӯ͵͵żʫμǵ飬ٷ

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ʩԸ檣Ҫ޸־ģ־ĵԸȢҲԸ⣬Ը⣬ҾȻ־ͻϼңǶ˾ĲȢʩ

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ӣ޲ϴһںεεĳϡ

ҩزôʵ
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20.  ڶʮ   ˮӯӯ

лĬΣʩӯƤȿĿڡ

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ʩӯǻ᲻ɵҩӣ˫ˮ淺죬ԴĴԼͷůȵĺȫĶߡ

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ʲôãʲôд˵ˡ˶ƹȥ̫󷴶ˡ

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Σ»Ƕлˡʩӯٴεл֣أ㣬Ǿ͡
Цһȴҡ

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ԽҪԽҪԽҪ˶Ÿɣ˵һǧ˰ٶϧ͵ҲҲ˳ģԸɲЭ¡

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Լɣ

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Լ˵ʩһ£ǲôš˵ʩжУ⣬ϾһֱԶʩǿŮһѣûаǸ˾˵͸¶ʩ

£

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óԳԸúȺȣˡ

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˺ˣЦЦţͼʩӯԽԽ죬֪ЦʩӯҪˣֹס˵ֻҪңʩʹӣ㿪ľС

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˵ĵǻ᲻ϵĺˣʩӯһ˵ʵԭ򣬾Сʱ򻹻ΪѾǰϴڣȴѾȫϰˣֵңҲΪˡ

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죬Ǹ졣
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ʲôо͸Լһʲô񣿣

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ǴɲأôϲϲͰ״ԭ︵Ϊʩûٴ



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ôûǰԺͣ
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21.  ڶʮһ   ˵㿴үʩС

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ŴкȻֳϲԣûٿڡ

һ񣬿Щɻ˵С壬£

Ҫˡ˵Ц⣬Цȴ۵ס

ԼƺЩ֣Ҳû룬˸ŵ˼΢ƺ˵ʲôɻסˡ
лС壬ȥ˵ֶʩӯ΢΢ǸȻȥ

ɨʩӯһһۣЦһ£Ҳתˡ

ʩӯգգۣȻû˵ܾǸ΢ЦǸġ
ţǵΪû˵ϻźʱûˡ

ջߣʩӯǡɨߵ֣Ŀⲻһ١
ǲϲ
Щɻ룬Ϸźģô᲻ϲأϷ˵Ӱ

֡

ɻʩӯһֱЩĲɵġ

ʲôۼǵɫӰԶȥʩջ񣬵һʱ俴ʩӯһ䣬ѿڶ

ͻһ䣬΢ߣԼŲú⡣

ʩӯҲЩ㣬Ŀʩ˵£
ȻôԵ޹ʵķƢ

ʩۿɼĶһ£Ȼҡͷɫϻһ΢Ц
û£û˯ãЩʧ̬ˡü£ĪҪ͵ϴǸ⡣

ްû¾ͺáʩӯܾʩֵֹģЩ棬û̫⡣

˵䣬͵ԺڣȻȻķֿԳźȥ

ʱͿʼˡ

ϯƱյŽĸ磬ƴǲԺЩѣһϾ͸һ㱡졣

ȰƵĶͬŻ˾˲Ц̫ǳ

Цӿ͸ȥ档
ʵžֻϲԿصĸоͺٺˡ

֣ѰƧȥö徻
ľӳĻų̋ϣĿС

ʵôϲ֡


㿴ʩСÿǾһˡ
ôÿ
ǵȻˡ
һһȥ
֪ĸԺѾߴ˽

ʩӯ
뵽ŲԾľЦȻ¡

ǵĺֶʱĿ⣬ģ޵ġ
ǣ˲˰

ĸߵǸ֣ĸ׺ͳɩ

ţվſԺȥ
Ȼȥʩӯ
롣

յķ綼ȵģƵǱ΢ľʢ֡
л㱼䣬žԼѾˡȻˣǱԲٿƣԶΪˡ

ɵе԰ʱ׻פ㡣
ˣóȻȥз顣

ʩӯǸСѾͷʱ϶Ҫżġ
йĴ̫࣬ʩӯԼ´ȥֱ˺Ҵһ

ţ
ʩӯ»ȥʱһͼѵĺϻɫ޻һ۾μסǱƵ˭֪ûüϸȿվµĸš

ôסȾˣʩӯЦӯӯĹЩ˵ŽŲȻֹ˳ƻӡ
֪䣬ոռ治˵źʱͳɢȥˡ

Ϥôһ˲żΪԼΡ
Լʱʩӯˡ

Ϥ
ţ˵㡣Żȥͼմһ鷢ڣСӱգԺζ

üܽ棬ӣСһ㡣
㼡ɫǡ

òּµޣҲǵȻţһִĵĽޡ
ǡһϻ

ջߣٶ࿴

ʩӯ̧ۿȥͼŵ棬ʶһۣ÷ϵһȴֻƽ̹ĵ档
ζôţ治ΪʲôôȾơųһԹϵĶѣûʲô˼ɣֱӾС졣


ԲȵģֻҪϲ
Ƕ˶仰˵ڣסˡ

û취ϹȰҪӡЦ˵

Ǿû취ˡʩӯҲˣ۾΢οοѣ˵ŬȡϹٵ棬ʱǾ͵øˡ

̲סЦˡ
ȷǸð취ͬ

ǰɣ͵ˣȻû˸Ȱˡҵû˸Ҷ˵ʩӯ룬

Ҽǵùƣż˴ԡ

ʩӯգգۣһ˵˵˵ȥﻹҵҵľƣ乫ûˡ

Ȼװ˵ԭˡ

һϯδɢʩӯˡ

ۿ£ǵǳɫӰʧСУ̧ͷۺϻǻδɢЦ⣬Ҳתȥ

ԭЦ̵ĺϻ£ʱָƽ

һ֦ҶҡһСˣһû뵽Լֻ˯һȻͿԼүλʩС˽ᣡһתЩԥǾʽ

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ȥۿžϦϦ֮ǰһ¡
Ǿʩӯļ

ʱͦɣ³塣
ʮ壬ŮӼ֮ʱʮӣߡ񡢱ߺִµѡѡѡ©

ЩҪߣƷҪãҪ壬һá
ǰͿʼϸãöѡ

ŴŮҪ֮һʩӯûʲôо
ȷ˵еġ
ŮӼ֮󣬾ͿԼˡ֮ǰԼ﷭һСӣдǸسѫеĳɫӵܡ

ûǣسѫȫڲᣬһ
̫ˡ

һ죬ʩӯ˴ȵ˵󣬾£һһ̡

£ӣټӣӡ
ȵʩӯ¡صĴʱ˿аⱲֻþһΡ

ʵ̫Щ

ʩСⳡʮֺ䶯֪жī̷ͣѱīΪ֮дʫʣֻΪ̾ⳡ񣬻λСɫ

ʩھ¥ˣֻʮַ̣ЩʫˣмǸ¼ʩӯ
ƾоļ䴫ԣӲǰʩӯ졣

ȷƲ˶һۣʵ
ģȻС¡ǰڸԼţ˵ǽ׼һλڵޡ

һѹͷϵޣʩһҲҪ

ûʩò⻰ȴ˵ƶСǸ˰£ȷǻ˺

ʩɫʱѿ࣬ȡƱӸˣʾˡ

Ʊһʱϲɫǰһ˵˳ңԸ׵ġ
˵껰Ҳʩ˵תʹӺˡ

˺ǵúӵĵճŮʮߣֵ䡣Ǹһλڹܷ˵ͻʺĹϵ
Ҫǡ
ۡʩӯȴδɣƣò檼޸硣

뵽£ʩɫʱѿޱȣҧ޲óǸ֮⡣
Ϊһжˡ

䵽زǱҲԸ

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˵㿴үʩСڻ԰˽᣿
µ죬ȵʱ򣬿ӷ˵仰ڵȴ˲һ¡

¹ŵģһСˣԼЩ˵ͷ

ϸ˵˵ӷ˵ʧֻ̬һ˲䣬ȥʵ




22.  ڶʮ   ڱˮĥʯϡ

Сʶվһ̡֣
˼ӷ˵֣ǰ棬ҲΪڣһС˲Ÿ͵մҡڵȥ

üǳ˵㻹˵ʲô㡣

Լô˵ˣС˲ҵ飬һһʮİĶ˵ˡ

ӷɫ֮任¡
֣˵ʲô˼ڵİ۷ִƣһ̧ۣɫʶ࣬Ȼʵ

ĽүҲͱȹѡֹΪŶͷߵ˵ֵʲô˼ҪҪǣλʩС˼

ʩӯǸģϹһһһ㣬ʥģǲ֪ѫ۾
λСԺҲǳģǸ߰ƽʱЩӡ

˵Ķԣӷ˵ͷ

ֻ˵仰ѣλү֮ǰǻȹλָΪ֮˲ؼġ˵
֮ǰžʩӯϹǹлģǶ֪

Ҳŵģ֮ŮҶĵģʩӯ˶˺øУǾͲðˡӷ̾˿֮ǰûʲôҾΪʩӯû̫⣬˭ֻ֪ûֶѡ

ģ˲һ顣룬ͳ⣬ԺУҲǰ˵ġ

ӷ˳˼Ƭ̣˵ͷֵԸһ

ȥţһ׵˲Ż

ӷɫ΢ʲôЦ⣬Σ̾˿˵ʩѾͷʲôãɫʢЩǿԣҵԸͨЩȻЩա

⻰˵Ǹ£ָվãȻǣžЦһ£ο˷ģԶȣТģЩӵܣϲʧġ

ȷǸТ˳ġӷ룬չա

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үϷǰȥ̡밵ĵӰϷߵ˵
̧ͷֱӸţ˿û˵Ĺ

һĻϰˡ
СϷˣߵ˾ģʮֲ⣬᲻᲻ĺӣɲô͸Ӷơ

Ķ˵òȴüٵġ

мתŲɴĦϷͼ
ԤףսžͰסȻ¡

ʲô

ҹɫãҲЩƶѻꡣ
ߵѾߴŵɢ·ϵĻ谵һ˴Ժ䵽Ϸ˵Ժ

ԺŷµѾǶѹʮ

һԺУŸԡ
Ϸ꼶ϲ֣ϲЩõСѾͷԺˣɽȴ⸱ӡ

үһѾǰϷߵĴѾߣȻϷڷãԸ˾ֱӽȥ

תͳŷȥ

үϷЩΣȻϣȻڡ

Ųһ٣΢΢üԽý²ԣȻô
ĸ״ңǼõġ˵

ȷϷʳסУ˵еģҲ١
һ㣬˭ˣ˵һ

ϧ
ЩҲͰˣƫƫܿ͸ĵı£Ϸ˻ɬĿ⣬ֲϲ񣬶һһ۵ףӲǹ

үǵþͺá˵ЩᳰϷ˴ȰūϣүҲТ˳˲ŲϷЩѪ

Ǻ⣿פף֣Ŀ
Ϸ˵ϣԲںֲ۵׵ĲϲⲻĲ

ҹɫɸŵĿȴһĽ⣬˲仮ⰵҹ
ֲһžǲãӸô꣬Ȼܾÿ£ֻԼܵ衣

ҧͷòƹȴӲģ˵үýȥˣϷ˾õȡ

Ŀתݡ

£һ̴
Ϸ˴׹ڹǰо

϶ûгţվŵĵ
ɷۿȥУϷϥµǸţȻûһġζЦһ£һ°ڣֱӹڱˮĥʯϡ

ʯӲǹ˲ʹ͸˱ʴļֱ衣
ս˫Ŀеֹסķ˭뵽üĿϷˣȻڷ֮Уǰֱӹ˵ء

ɼŲţ˵ʲô谮ӣǺƭ˰ˡ
֮УϷ˵⣬˭Ŷ׼

ηƺĳҲһһ顣
ֱĹ˫Ŀ΢أʱ䡣

һӣӣʱ

ڣϷ˶ˡ
飬˫ֺʮйһ󣬻

ŴǰСİϷ˷ס
ĸףЩ

ʣ죬ǹС

Ϸվ̨˵طңһûϵ߲ĵز

ǡӦɿ֡

ȡȼϷ˲ĵϣ񣬲á

Űվ󣬿Ķ˿ִٺͲ͡

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ԭˡ
˵˽һԭ

ֻǣȻ㲻ϾܣȴҲҲ֪ϷǴ֪ʩӯ

£ĸ׺ʹɩͺãҡʳָһۣϷֺòԵ˵

Ϸֱֱ⸵ţ˵˼ԸԸ⣬ʩӯֶϱ

üͷһû˵
ȻǲԸġ

Тϣ˵֮࣬ȴҲԸ˵Υֻܱ֮տڲԡ

ȻҲϲʩӯϷ˶ʱȻ
Щĸ縵˽Ҳ˽⸵š

Ͽɢ⣬ǹʹһɰ
ǲƭˣǲм

Ȼĸ֪ˣ֪ԸΪȥףźһЦһ˫۾ĿϷˣ̫٣Ŀȴ̫·ܿϷ˵ĸƢθĵʮ˼

ţϷ˵һڣŷԼʧ̬ˣ΢һۣԼָƽȻ˵㶼֪ҵѫʥģǱû䲻ԶˡҪʩӯҪһʥĵĳϱ

ѾԸ˳ֻܣвΣ޳ЯҲֻȻڡ
ЩϷ֪Ҳ֪

֪Ҫʵʩӯ˼ǸСѾͷʵûô
ʱֻҪ˳Ϸ˵Ļ˵һԼֱɡһнݣϢˡʱʩӯȻܾš

Ը⡣
Ȣʩӯ

ţߵ;ѫ֮Ů㲢̫洦Ϸ˿˵͸ϼҶֵĹŮȥΪף˵һ˼ҡ

ŵɫԽĵʼû˵
˵ʥĵĹŮ;кô⻰Ҳ˵ΪҪֶ⻰
ûõģƫˣǾ˵ʲôûˡ

ţã˵Ϸ˺һ䡣

Ը˵Υ֮ĸˡ£ֱϷˣ˿á

󵨣Ϸֵһ󵨡

ջڵϣԲ

ϷˣϢŭϢŭæǰס

һŮӶѣ㾹ȻҪΪҡϷĿŸţݷѬճĴüĿԾĵƻ£һɻ֮ȥŤУ˵Ȼģ졣

ĸף⻰⣿һ̧ͷϷˡ




23.  ڶʮ   ʩӯҪ޵Ǽңǡ

Ϸˣһ, ˲𱰳ԴϡˣедŻ֮ȥĽ, ˵ū˵һ䣬ټ, Ҳô˵ү˵öġү, Ϸ˲, һ˵, ĪҪ⡣

Ϸڻ, ɸղѿڶǾ仰ȴѾղˡ

, ĸףԡ̧ͷ, ĿϷˡ

үϷЩδ, ҶĿãǱҲʲô, ֮, ôˣĪҪ, ĸֵġϴЦû֮ǰ겻䵭, һĺȰ

ϷǶ˶͵ر۾һתٿš
ҵ˼, ʩӯҪ޵ǼңǾֶֻϱ㣬ĸ֮飬Ͷͷ򣬳Ȼ붼롣ˣ°ɡ

ĸףŲģ׷ʡ
˵Ļֶš

£Ϸ˵

һҾĬû˵һӦһǣ뿪
߽谵ҹɫȴ

ĸ֮飬ȡ
ϱûкʩӯһ޸˸ǲǾΪ

˲ԼһӦ
ԴǸ֮һֱ֣˵Ӹֻ޸ֶӵˣʩӯǼ޸˸ȴֻĽոһյİйעҪΪǾ˵ͨˡ

Ȼͣ£ű˫ۣȻ
ǵֱ̫ˡ

ҹɫڻԼԺ
С˳ָæչ˵ү糣˸Ǳߵ˽Ӵˡ

Ϊ£ŵķӦһģȻףǱ˵ӷ
ΪʲôӣȻΪǸ磬ϲܣÿӹĿޱȣ¡

źϴŻСԼѣŷϥѾˡ
Ϊڸסһδ˵

˵˶ΪǵƤԼŪãö֮ٷϻˡ

үҪȥҪ㣿ָϽʡ
ٸߴľˣѾϰ߸ŴǱ߿Ŷӻ¡һʼֹֻܸԼĸ˵ϰ߶ѡɲûУɸոΪűˡ

ŵͷŸо˼jxks
ȥ׼ԼʼתԽҪҳҳݡ

ô񣬾Ժ͸Ѳ˹ϵϷ˵ĸ˭
ǳ檣ң¶ˮԵ

̾ϢһͷһΣԼҸ׵ʵ̫أֻ𣬾ȻϷס˿ڡ
ͽ̾κΰ

߸Ű취ǱڴӷŭлϷ˲΢
Ƽ˵᲻ȥҹֵ߬ѹʡ

Ϸ˷ģүףֻϢôʵġֻҪҪ֪ȷе࣬Ǿһᰵȥ顣ֿ϶˵

Ϸ룬һ˵ûǸСӣûôܹƫƫʹ˼£ûаգԲóȻжġ

˵ʲô˵֪ӷ˵ȵɻûȵҪĴ𰸡
һ粨ϢƽϢȥһƺһǰ

ƺѡ
󣬳͵˲ץ˸ţֱӷˡ

ӷýˣԼҪͳϹ׵Ϣ

*

˵Ϧ졣
ȻǸѽڣԱϵãûʲôϦһ˵

͸ڼҵĳϹûʲôϵ
˼Ȼ˶׼յ

ʩӯȥ밲ź󣬾ͼԼ׵ŪҲȤҲһԿʼѧϰ

УԼ׵еһյɻҲɵġ
ȻʵǣȵʩѭãӶû

ѽһֱԱ߿˱żĿŸŮˣۼʩӯĶüʧЦ˵ΪѰ˽ָģʲô֪δ̫쿪ˡ

ʩѭҲЦʩӯķ١
Ҫѧ㡣˵

ͷŪˣ˺þõġʩӯ˵Ȼֱ˱죬Ķ˵Ҳѧôպõģȱһ

㰡˵ǸȤҪѧˣδ̫ɢˡʩѭ𱸣һЦ⣬Ķʲô

ʩӯû˵ϾͿˣǼҪʲôûУҪ˵ʲôɢδˡﻰĻţȻһ㶼Ըʩѭ˵á

ʩѭҡͷʩӯüЦĺܡ

ǣ˵ˡʩѭϴЦ֣ԭ

ʲôӣ΢죬ʩӯֵʩѭ

ʩѭЦĿ

һתʩӯԼƺе࣬ʶĸˡ

˼ɿˡ

绹ڣׯЩڴ

ﲻׯˡʩѭԩĺܡ

㣬ߡ˵ֵŮӣִֻҪҪԺȻ

ˣҵһ˵͵㸮ϣźչԸҳȥƣʩѭӵ

Ŷ
ʶŲʩӯĵԭˣֲʱôġ
ǸţɵþЦˡ

ˣ˿֪ϺȻʼ
ԭ˵һŮټǸܵˡңĸңңң©˿ڷ磬ҪȢ硣˵ôá˵ΣԴŮˣ˵ˣΪѵǣЩǸϵ˼ңú˱˵ġ

ʩѭһü˵ŸռǣʮҲüʲô

ҵǲ˼Ҿ£ϴλ˺·ϵǵ˵кɫһЩˣŻͻߣҪа·

û£²Ǵ簵Ҳˣûµġʩѭο

ǵسѫ˼죬Ҿ֪˭ţһСˣͺ̾˿ƽٶ˷ˣҲ¶Щ

أģҶܸһʩѭ§˵

һ˼˵Ůɵķա

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ÿϦﶼֵģһʾ֭дϦʫʣҪһˡ
Ϊֹ˽ֵģǵǸȵɡ

С¶һ꣬ʤȴ˼
СǾóʱڳĺĺ

һȵɣо˼ˡ

ŵ˵İԣʩӯͿ˵¼еһ˹
ʩ

ôˣʩӯʶ룬Ȼſ硣


һ˲䣬ȻЩѧǡ
ֻһ£Ȼе¶ϧевãеϵ

һŮϧ˶ⶡµϵ˭Ϥʩһ̾

ۡ
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˰

ʲôңϧϧ̾

ۿɼģʩֻһ¡

һЦɨһȦǣһʩ֫Լҡڵ¥

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ڡ
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֣أҪڵĻͿȥˡ

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һƴȥͱȺһյƸȥȫĿ⡣

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ɻŵֽʱͷֲֽֽһͨ͸峺ˮĶ

ʩӯȵ˵벻ʩȻİĵˡ

ˮȺ˾ɣš

ˮȻ㲻ʲôıʯȴҲѰ˵ͨ͸ʵء
͸ˣСĴĥҳһ֣

ҲѹЩ˲š

Ҳ֪̯˵˾ʲôȺжʱһ󾪺

Ϊ˵

ߣȥİʱ״γڴǰʩӯʮָȤģ³Ĵȥ֡

·ʩӯ˳˳ĵ˻Ƶ̯ǰŷֲֹкü׶ˡ

Ĳ˵٣ƣ磬ʩи

ҲˣˣȷǸϡʲ˵ҵҪԡЦ
һۣʱ򣬿š

˵䣬ʶƣ֣տʩӯſڵǸô˵ˡ

һߣʩӯɫ΢ףŲҲһ¡
ơ

ǶαԺļʱʵûʲôУϾʱѾʧȥʶ
ʱҪ˹ڻ

δ֪Ŀ־塣
Ϊ֪Ҳ֪ʱ׶ʲô

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ӵùһʱӲһ
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ˣɫһ׼˵ʩһͣûٿڡ

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Щͷʢżпܼøµӣһܻʵ۳谮Ĺ֮Ů

ѫҵӵܶԾվں棬ʱĿζӡ

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ĿɨʱʶܿƣֱӾϰϡ

ϰ幧ЦǺǵ˵УȻС˿ڣǱȻǻеġ

ҾͶһյҪҪģҪģҵʩӯʣǲܣﵹЩɫʯó

УСľǣǶ׵ġϰ˵

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һһֱӾͶⵥ⣬˲Ŀ

ðʩӯǺ߾ϣǻû˵أȡЦЦ˵ԼЩ

ǿɲң˭ǲȿڵġʩӯЦѡ

һȴû˵ġ

ʩӯ֮󣬾ͷ·סһһֱû˵Ͱվ

ֵĿƣ˼һſ˿ڡ

ãʩſʩӯк
ʩӯ۵׶һȻЩȲˡ

һ檺ãʩӯôأ

ʩӯȥɫ˿δ䣬ϸĽ㡣

ʩȻһ£ƺЩİˡ
̶̼¶ѣٴƺһʱӡ

벻ûԸһ㣬Ҹ˰ʩʩӯ룬쵽˭˭
Ϊʲôµ
òİ

ǣʩӯҸɵʱеĲԹޣʱ޿̶ڿʳࡣ

Ľ˵Цˣʶʮ꣬ôϲ㡣ʩӯȺʩʱǺȻһ˿ͺε
ȴƣҲ֪Ρ

ʩӯмȥֶʩȴҲһ

㣬ʩ޵ģǱ˿οз̡

ʩӯĿֱ˫еĶ⣬ȻһеҵĵĽ㣿ôôң

˱ȥʱǡÿʩδɢķߺޡ

ʩ档

ָ߬ʩʩӯֻСλá
ΪǵСӣɵȵˣ֪ԭǸСꡣ

δ˯ãЩ㱣Ǹãʧ̬ˡĿ⣬ʩǸ

ްʩӯûץŲţֱӾ˿ڣһתƵһߣԶԶıܿʩ

ˣʩɫһȴٱʾԼͷ

ŹɳӰ˵硣

ҲǸǵģ󼴵

ʩС㣬黨ˡʩӯٺһһʱȻ

ʩӯһС硣

СһæֹΪ

лӡʩӯתл

ҹ磬ӳʩӯüȴִŲ΢⡣
һ仰ѣлʩСˡ˵

λʩӯʵǲ֪˵ʲôԾЦһ¡

΢Ƕ˶ҲǳǳЦһ£˵ҹ˶࣬ʩСǵСİȫ


ôоڵİΣأ

лѣһСĵġʩӯһԺ

л˵

ʩӯѵǣǣ׼⡣
Ĳ֪ø˵ʲô˵˸ദ

ţһϤ

ãҲڰʩѾ߹˸кҲûһԵĸ΢Цӡ

㣬ʩӯһ

ˣǰԼ˵ģ
Ŀһɨʩ͸ȴ˲ûĿԵȰܵľֹʧ

صÿʵ
ŵʩӯ˿û֣ʩɨɵĸ΢ɲǵʧ

ñµĵʩе˼ת׿յƾ̾

ʩӯЦһ£˵ϰ˵֡
۾գգȻⲣҲ֪˭ճģ

ʩʩ




24.  ڶʮ   ª

ǰȻҲ, ȴǲɫӶ࣬ͨ͸ĵǴδҲ֪ôġʩʶʩ, ˵

ʩӯЦǧ֪ʶȻ
Ī
ԭʱĻװ˵貶, ù˶Ϊ֮̾Ȼֵýġ

ֻһ˲, ʩӯܿͻָƽġ
ÿһʱ, ÿһĻ, ֮, Խ, ǲӡοȽĶʮһ, ûʲôµĴûʲôϵ

ǲ֪ӾأʩȻȻİѻ˸ϡ
תͷȥĿһ˲, һѾƽ

˵ʱ, ֪ıܿ, յĵż, ҲʩӯϣȻûĲԡ

, û֣һֱעʩʩȴˡ
һ󣬺Ȼ̲סЦˡ

벻벻ʩȻ˸
֪, ȢʩӯͲʩ֪

룬ôʩһѡ
˵ĳЩ겻ϵѾ˲ݵĵزҲˣʩȻִ֪֪ʶ֪ĺƬ棬ֻǺٵһ֡Ҳ֪ô¡

˼ʲôط˼˵

ģʩ͵־̾طڣҪԴˡ

δأˣǾΣˡ

ȷʩ΢΢üЩǵģ

һһģʩӯЩôᣬɷǵ˵

ףȻһšȺ

£Ůõһתž½޵˵С
ü䣬ˮӯӯ̧һƲ˵ϡ

Ⱥжʱһ֮ǰȻʩӯȴû˼
ˣ֪鴫

ǴȺļҲʧ

˵ȷǸʩӯɾϲ˵Ԫʲôʱģ

ԪĸҵˣҲı磬ǰ걻ľүȥ˱߹Ҳкóһʱûˡ

ãҽյû뵽øϦæʲôأߴʮӢӼȺʩӯ˵˵

ʩӯæֻԼߣ˵үԸˣ֮ǰǲǵڱ߹شҪȢϱ˲Żء

ôءԪ󲽹Ҽ˴˸кȻʩӯٺЦһ¡

ӣҪ㶨ˣ⸱е㺩ӣʩӯȻ

ǣǰԪʵʵĳˡ

ǵ𣿡ʱһĵ

ʩӯʱȥһЦ˵Ҳ˰ﾹȻڵ


ʩӯ˰ŨüۣԵر˵
ӡ

ɲãԪҲڣô˵ŰӺȵĳ̼ïҲĵ˵
ղ˵ǵľǰƽĸΪȱ¶ĸҲѲϧ˿λһֱûʺš

˵Ķԡ˵˳ýüĿһ˲ţ˵ɴࡣ
ǵ̫ĸҳжӣĪ¡

ĸ˲ƾİԣţܳ谮֮ǰھνǺ޼ɣá
ȻҾүؾԪУͰȥ˱߹أҾҲȫȥˡ

ԪһֱܺڣǲһʩӯЦǺǵ˵ɷ
ԣЦ⼸ܸˡ


ʵͲ˷ˡ

Ԫ˶죬ܾЩģʩӯ˵ģʩӯùˣһʱҲ֪ôֻƵĲ˵

磬òʩԪ֮󣬾һֱעǣۼż˵ȻԪȴûһۺɫɵ΢Ȼк

ðԲ𰡣ղûע⵽㡣ԪʩҲһ£Ȼ󲻺˼˵

ʩɫ΢һ£ʲôûע⵽
û£Ը˽ģô΢Ц

̼ï˿һۣ΢΢ü

ʩӯôֵֹģ֮ǰҲѹʩӯ˵

ΪʲôΪ¡
ʩӯ²ֻۣɻ˵ˣⲻúõġ

װ㡣̼ïһ⸱ӣͺǺһЦ

ĸˣ빬ǣĹϵ԰һڵģҲΪѵĹϵʩӯϵ
˿˵ǻ֮ʮ˽⣬һСԷ

װģĪ¿ھ׼˵ƽֱĪų

죡
˵
̼ïֹͬ

Ī²ɵþЩί

ʩӯĬĬƿߣֻ
ʵڲ۸Ī£ʵ죬̫ˣǺû˵Ҳɵ

˵ֵģԪҲЩץϹƵƵСǺڱˡ

Ҳϲãǰɣо˵ҪССģ˾òڡԼСǵϷʣС졣

ʩӯֻû⻨Ҳˣ׼ȥĵطתת͸ǴѾˡ

һȺˣԪҲˡ

˾δռһʱ䵹вٻҪ˵
ʩӯǱ߹صķ飬ʩӯЩ꾩ʲô

һ֣ûһһʹֵķΧ

Ⱥӿ˽˵Ǳ߷һˡ

Ԫʶʩӯм䣬֣Ǳܵ·ߵĵ

ô£̼ï˶ü
Ϧƻ֮ϣô˳֣

ʩӯҲüҪǣǸ˭

һֱʱʩӯĻ뿪
ʱ򣬽ѾǱ˾ƿסˡ

ôˣϹѾ¥⣬ʩӯһ;ɵʩѭ
ʱ̫ͻȻƫƫвԣɵþЩ

ûʲô£磬ôʩѭ˵ϾѾʩӯ˹ȥʵ

ʩӯ˵ͷԼǲɻǲ˵͸ҰɣǱ˾˶ˣôû£

϶ʱЩΣ˵ѾͷҲ֪Ķôġ

~ô£֪ģǵҶһҹǾ˯ˡʩӯŽ

ϺЦǲ뿪ڣʩӯͿֽе

㰡˵Żʩѭɫһǻ˺ҵСˣڵϱȺɢª

˻
ˣʩӯ𾪵

æ˵£û¡˵Żʩѭ

ʩӯЩЦã˳Ļ˵İɣûµġ
Դӵ˾һ£Ͼ͸

*

ϦˣĻǺŮ㲻ϴȴҲԲС
ǣŮһλڹеĹùá

̲æü죬ڲ־ǸǱɱ˷˵ǡÿһǮС䵥鱦κ˽С̫һʧ֣СľͰɱˡ

˶ѡ
һûˡ

̲ҲԽ᰸ʵۺͻ˺һ
Ǽ٣Ǿ˵֪ˡ

ǲ㣿УɵĿʩ

ʲôңʩϲЦ⣬䵭ģֱӷʡ

˺С㣬ǲɱģֱʡ

ҡʩһڷ
ֻǣ˸˶ѡ

ʩֲ⻰٣Цһת뿪˵ǲ㶼Ҫû˴С㣬˺жС㣬ѾڣҪȥˡ

ʩȻ̧ͷȥȴֻܿ˵Ӱʧڣֻϵ΢Ρ
ȵŷѾеʫ顣

ֻжµһ̧֣Ͱ˳ȥ

װѣֽŷɢƮȥ

Ȼ㲻ʣǾͱҲˡڣƮƮ˵

*

Ϸ˲ˣ
ϦȥüʩӯȻԼ׿֪

˵ĸТЩһֱźϷߣʩӯףΪʲôʱû˵ŵϢ




25.  ڶʮ   Ҳ˵֪顭

Ȱ, ǽǰŵıɽɢźɢڵ

ͷСϵʢźɫҩ֭ɬҩζ˱ǶϷ˿, üۣ没ɫ

޳ָС, ָɼһ㱡룬ϰīµĺۼ

ҩ, ĸ, Ժҩˡ, , һιϷ, ˿ꡣ

Ϸ˵Ŀָջ, ̧ۿɻ㱡

ôϸ, ֮ǰôͺأ

ķѧҵָȴű롣

ˣ, ϲŭ, ȴס

ǰʮ꣬һж, ƽӹ, ɶ̶ѣѾ˴ˡ

ȡ˼˵

϶һ٣Ż˻ȥ, Žʱ򷢳Ķһ

ĸףٲȣҩˡᳰȰο

㻹ҵϷԴ絶ѲǵģҪ꣬˼ڣ

ʩӨʮˣѾ˻¡

ĸ˵Цˣãôô롣΢΢һЦһף˵ĸô룬ҪȺҩɡ

Ϸ˿΢΢ſںˡ

Ȼ

ЩȣΪϷ˻ִȥû뵽Ȼˡ

һһ׵ģϷ˰ҩȸɾ

Ű£֡

һǵСʱİ׾ֺģſɰĽ˭㣬Ҫ˵һͯ

С˶һһ󣬿ܻЦ֣֪㾹Ѿôˡ

ͳ˴䣬˶Ľң˵ĺúӡǽģΣգš

ϵĶһ٣ˮֹס

Ϸһ΢΢֧ӣ˵ŶСĺӣ۰࣬Ϊף

ŰţûдϣӲϵˮת΢Цס

µ磬ӡ

СʱˣҪϷֻᵭĿúѾ߹

ͬ˶ʼʶ֣ĺĸȴ˵ʲôʶãǹӵܣҪѧЩΪġ

ٺְ£ĺĸ׸ĸְ̾λ̫ͣ鷳ֶۣ࣬ǹ١

ЩܣǵãһҲ

ӣлĸЩϤĽ˵

һŲģݲԼȱ˲Բ񡣶Щɲðĺĸ͡

׾ͺãϷο˳Ϣİͷ˴룬ȰźǣʱҲˡ

ĿϷˣɫڻ谵Եøɬ

Ϸֻ˵һѻ𣬡ŶΪﲻ㣬ʵҪʩСһϱڣɱ

ŶֻΪΪ͵ģʩҹɡ

ﶨΪѰһӣʩӨġ

֨ѽһһųʪˮů紵

Ҫˡ

ǰϷȰ˵ԼĲףĳŵ

˵ûֻΪһ£ʩӨ֤ԺʩӨ޹ϸ

ʩӨõģû˱ˡ

Ű仰ջУûʾˡ

ĸףʩҹֻˣϵֺοҪ֤ת˵

ΪİϷ˴Ⱥ͵ĿŸţ˵һҵĶӣһӣĸҶ᲻ãȻ϶

˵ףˣҪͬһģǲڴ˸ŵͷԺŪʲôǿô졣

վֻһŮ˶ѡϷ⻰˵赭дŸʱֲ⡣

һŮ˶ѣҲִֵ

׵Ŀ˼ȴѾһ㲨ˡ

֮ǰΪƫģ֪ĺﻹ᲻ء

Ǹŵ˵ȴޱȼᶨ



㡪Ϸ벻Լ˰࣬žȻ֡

ʮ꣬Т𣿡ϷЦݣĿ

Ǹʼվ֡

Ǳûʲô˵ˣȥɡϷ˵ǳ׵Ļ䣬ҲԸˡ

ۼŲδж࿪Ļɡ

ⲢζӮˣ෴ֻǸʼʱĿϷδЩңףֻǸʼ

־裬תȥ󣬾Ͷֲ

󡪡

ֽЦı䡣

ֻһϢ

ӷΪ֮Ӵǰ̫ңֻ׶׮ˡ

ΪʲôǰȻ̫ˣкˣڳѾûжˡ

Ҳ˵֪£һδӡ

Ǻһи׳н

⼸Ϸ֮ԳƲ̼ڼУ˶߰ɡ

*  

ԪЦˣ͸Ҹһһ˵ҾúñŤʩӨ˵

ĸʣȻ㲻Ը⣬ǾˡʧЦ˵ûǿ󣬷Щݡ

ԪִʣʵᡣãձȨñɴӾ֮ˣ̫ΣˣֻԼƽƽġ

˾ӣʩӨȥ𾪣û뵽

֮ǰȤԪǻȢϱģû뵽ҲҾĸϱѡ֮еġ

г̼ңĪңң˼ôģϼʡ

˵̼ï壬Īǣ

ϵ˵ͷȻǶ⼸˲ģŮǹϵ˵Щ꣬ˡ

ҪǶҸһʩӨҡͷоԼܵ˾š

⸱е㾪ֵС飬̲סЦˣ˵㰡Ǹ磬֪ˣòζˡ

ʩӨգһ۾ŵ٩˵ɩڣ㣬ٰüﻹǵҰ

˵

ʩӨЦһת˵Ҹոտȥ²ʲô

԰ϡ

㣬ſ⣬ʲҲˣҵҰæ

ʩӨˣæʣӦ𣿡

ŮȻģﻹҪæ

ҡͷԼҵĶŮԼۣ˲֣ǲ㣬ǲͶҽҪİæˣǵһҪɵġ

Ǿǣʱƶֲ𣬶ȷˡһ㣬ʩӨʮϿɵġ

˵䣬ִ߷˹¡

ʩӨЩȣԹ֮ѡϲĲϣȵȥ󣬲ѵԼ׵ߣ

úõô·ʲôϲ𣿡

㰡ͿĻڽҪȥױģˡ

ˣױѣҪˣʩӨС졣

ҼǴˣԺţôƯƯĲСһ˽ˣΣͺˡǽԺ˵ʱʮָˡ

ʩӨ֮Уֻõͷ

ܲĻڶڰ³ʩӨ˰³һȥȵ˲ŷ֣˲٣ƺϵ˽ա

ݷùܼҾĸֵ֮Ĵ³ܲԺȥ

ãһº͵

ɫվ£΢ЦʩӨ

ɱ磿𣿡ʩӨЩȣԶ򸮵ճܽɡ

ǰԣ˶ף˺ԺΪ㣬ںԺû뵽վȻ

Ҫɻ飬ұ˼١ܽ˵֣Լǰ˵պҲҪȥҲһɡ




26.  ڶʮ   

ԺƽʱЩʲôʩӨʡ
ֻ˵Ժ, ӡƺǱ֮ģǾҪЩʲôȴûע

Ƕ龭, 黭Ҳûġܽº͵˵

׫ʷʩӨԼɻ

ÿµ˼׫ʷ, ǲæܽɺƢĻش
ʱȻ̣޵ʷͱǰ޵Ĳ, , ֻҪһЩ±ɡ

ʩӨƶǶ, ˵ͷ
ĵСЦ, Ȼһ, ת𼸱

Ƕƽ￴μʱµ֣дĶǸصķϰ, Ȥͼ, ƽʱȱûҵ˵Ժ, ʡ

⼸, һø㡣ܽЩȣתЦ˵, Щϲģ

ɱҲϲμ𣿡ʩӨˡ

ܽɵ˵ͷ, ǳҵǸԸ£͸ط⡣
˵Ż, ΢̾˿Щ㡣

ǵǿϧˡ
ʩӨ˵Ϊһ־ͬϵأȴЦҵģԺлġ

˵ǣҲġܽɾЦˣ˺ұȥҹ꣬ӡ

ϲ
ʩӨϲˣϲЦҲϲľɫ

ܽȻͷЩ˵ҲҲϲ

ʹ˵ͷ˵Ȼ̶䣬ʫ⣬һֱϲġ

ǵˡܽɵĿʱ࣬

һ·Ц̸ȻͣʱʩӨһ£ܲױġ

Щܽɿ̨ѡ

ʩӨŲһ٣ʶַ̧ЩͷܽɣֻչüʮЦлѡ

˵˽Ժӣ̧ͷͼܲӭ˳
Һõȣ˵ˣôôԹһ̧ͷͿԼֳһ㶣ĿһתȻЦˡ

磬ЦкȻԸѾȥһ衣
ʩӨŵǹ裬ܽϲȴ̲衣

˵伸˽ݣһܽɱˡ

ˣҶ˼˵ܲ˵Ĺȥ§סʩӨ˵ʵ㶼׼ʲôö

ʩӨһΣæס壬˵侲㿴֪ˡ
һľУԼȥ

˵ܲЦģľйѾӹӴ򿪣һ

㻹ʣʩӨһȻЦ˵ô˲

ˣˣҶҪˣ㾹Ȼðֻθң磬̫˰ɡܲ˵ĲУźһ¡

ŵһֻɫ챦ķΡ
ǴӺ⴫ʮ档һ֧֮ǰϹ⣬ǡ˺ˣʩӨġ

ʩӨʮϲֻΣܲ˾ͺϲ˺üΣȥѰȴһֱûҵ  

㲻һֱϲգʩӨҲܸˣ֮ǰ׮ʱܲŲôϲڽҲûϸܵ¼ϲã˼ȥ֧һֱǵķֻϣܷЩ

Һϲܲ˵Ƿ£˵ûȥɣҼǵҲϲһľͺãͷֻ黨С

ʩӨͷϵ黨ɺЩܳɵģĵǿԼĪָСſӨԲƷʼѣȫǶĹƷͥ˾Ƴɣǻʺġ
ĻһϻԱ˵Ϊ󣬿ɶԾͲʲôˡ

أʩӨЦŰѺƣ͸ˣҿɲҪ

Ҳϲܲǳ֪ʩӨϲõġ

Ժһҵϲ£ⱲӿɾһΣ°ɣĥˡʩӨЦŵһ£˵պãҾˡ

磬л㡣⸱ŭӶʱܲĳɣתѾպãҲЦ

ŶʩӨ⣬£˱ġ

ܲϵ˵ЩС£̺󣬻ûס̾˿ЦŵĽСų˵磬Щ¡

ʲôʩӨס֡

±Ҳã¾ĸ᲻ϲң޹ȥҾҲˡܲ˵
ĸΪҵ˼ɩӵĸң׵ģҲܽһĸ

ʲô㲻þͺ롣ʩӨֱ㶵˵һ⡣
ܲδżҲǸҴ壬㴫δĹְһ֪ݣҲմȨȲԶ򸮡

⸱ηӣܲһ£Цֻۣ̾һ£תЦô˵㰡һԺɽء
ԶȻǺ֮λǲ޶ʵȨδżȴУһ׮£

ɽҵֻҪܰ㾡ܿھǡʩӨ˵˳ŵ

ܲû뵽Լֻһ˵ȻʩӨĳŵһ£۾ȻЩɬˣ˵磬á

֪ҺðʩӨһ˵ӡ

ǣһֱãʧԣ˵˻ܲæȥ

һЦ֣ۿʱ䲻ˣʩӨȥ
ܲ԰͵ſڣĿȥ

ʩӨ߳ȻͷĿ΢Ц˵Ҫİ

ţһġܲһ£ͬĻش

ʩӨЦˡ

ܲתȥܽɣŲһپͿʼȤˣѾˡ

֣٩ˡܽɽŲһ٣һܲĶͷ

ܲɷ߷ߣ˵̫ˣô㣬㾹Ȼ𱨣ڻҡ

ȣָܽܲĿһۿСûģֻţ˵Ҳԣ𣿡

ˡܲ⣬תЦҾ˵֮ǰô綼ʲôϲãԭǶ˼

ܽº͵ЦЦû˵

ܲ˵ҲȤûڶ˵ת磬ԵúôǸùãͻõġ

ܽĬȻͷȻЦл

˸ʩӨܾԼʲô
룬ȵ˲֮ǰܽɴӦμǻû


ˣܽҲ
뿴ҪҪȥҪأ

ȥҪɡ
ʩӨ˯ˣ˭֪ڶ磬ܼҵţ

ҼҹҸǸձ׼˭֪ǰ˳Ӿҹһ޳һˣĪҪ֡
ӱ׼ǰģСɻڼʱѲūˡ˵ǵˣͷǡ
С˿ڳɴľͰѻ˵ˡ

ˣת棬ҲδҪлġʩӨ飬ɾȻʮְǾͲɵЦ˵

Сæ˵ѻ͵뿪

ʩӨ飬ŷЩעī£Ȼдϲá
ɵþЦˡ

Ǹˡ

ⱾʵʩӨ¿ţѾˡ
Ҫͻȥܽɱ֮ǰ⼸ˡ




27.  ڶʮ   Ϊŵ

ʩӨ֪ʱ, ɾȣȥԼ׵ԺС
Ϊܽ˵ļպǸǾû뵽Ȼˡ

ԼŴȤ, ԵЦһ£仰˾ͱȥ˻԰

ｫ, ѾռˬԺеĽ, 

С, СͿ, ̫ˡܽĻͷ, һ֮ǰǱμ, ʩӨѻ˻

Ҳ£δĸ, ߡܽ
ϵЦݲŨº, һ֪ǸƢġ

ʵֹƢãԸҲ, ڲط, ϲ²
ʶ˶˵, Ǹʵľӡ

ʩӨЦһ£ܲ˵Ĺĸɡ
⻰ҹˡ

ٶ, ԼҲܵܽº;ֹµ׽ͼȻҡ
ѪԴǾܾġ

, ʩӨֱӺԼеֻѻ

ܽҲ֪ûиܵʩӨ˼һֱ˳Ļ˵ƽ֣Ŀ˵֪ʮֵİȻȤ

˵ɽʱɽͦξͣڲ㣬˵ˮʱˮĶ飬ˡ
ʩӨ֪񣬺²

ѾѣǻҪȥ

ã⼸ˬӦԼҪȥϱȥٱʱܽɷ롣

ϣðұضʩӨ£Ц

ܽºһЦ˵˵ص㣬ֵ˳·㼴ɡ

˳·ΪҲ֪طɣԼȥáʩӨܾ˳²һֻҪﶼ˳·
ϹڵĵطӡУ˵ԯޣ˳·һ˵ͺáȻҪǣ̫ܽ׽ȻҪ޸Ծܴǡ

ˣҲáֻǳ⣬ȫΪϣüǵôûܽ̾˿еʧֻһ˲䣬Ϊֻǿˣž΢Ц


˵ʶΪʲôôעİȫأʩӨεһ£ݺ⡣

һ֮ܽɸȥ

*

ϽǱ˾УʩӨû³ֵ

ʼˣЩȵ˵

δΧ۵ڡ˵ܽɡ

ü΢壬ʩӯû뵽ţѾܿˡ
ǡ

̾˿ƿʩӨ̽ͷһͼܽһۣվڳǰЦ
磿ôûȥ𣿡Щȣ³

ΧſѾӵУʩӯŽŵŻ³

һֻЩҷ㡣ܽ

ˣл硣ʩӯ΢΢һЦС

ܽջ֣Ц΢΢Щʧ䡣
ʱſʼ쵽ˣͳš

ͷˣʵڲˣѾҼɡʩӯЦ˵ƺûвܽɻе⡣

˵䣬˲糯ȥ

ףãܵģУڣ͵Ԫɨһۣһ˫Ũüž

ԡ
ƽ̼ïжĪ£ţԪ塣

ʶаԵĸˣѾ˹ĸǶһˡ
ȻʹˣҲûԶɱ

ֹ׽ˣһȻ˻

ԶҲ˼̼ïĵ˵
ЩӣܽʮϽĳϢӵûʲôҲ̸ʲôö񣬲ƽƽˡ

ãܵ䲻硣Ԫʮֲ˵

£Ϲ˵㣬˵ˣ¡Ī¿ڳģԶҲ̫

ԪûİĪ£˵ܾǸܵĸоãŵ޹ء

ãŽһ䣬·һʣ㶼оʲôˣ

˵䣬˶Ԫȴʲôû˵
Ǹоо𣿡ε˵

˼ָ˿ۡ
о֣ҪǴӱ˿˵˳ǲŵģ˵˼ȻԪǾÿš

Сεľ֤Ԫֱ׼ȷ

˵䣬ʱͭʼ

ʩӯڸ̨֮ϣµĿŵ档

ζʮĿ֣ȴ֪Լѳ˱е

ŲԾֿһۣԱߵĳ̼ïѹҪҰѾˡ

˵ǸдʲôҼ˵źɫ䡣̼ïɢĿϣƫţĶ

һЩȻ˴ţ䵽ȴҪĶźЦ

㣬ǲۣܶһ٣ȴˡ̼ïЦ

룬ȻϷ׼˵׵һҡ
֪֮˼ȥ͸Ҽ˷ȥȻ³ɹûˡ

˭˵׼أĵ˵ᶯ

Ҫæľܿڣ̼ïת˵ֵҴˣЩС»ûġ

лˣź˿ڲ裬΢Цǲġ

ԣ̼ïҲЦˡ

ĶΪϱӡ
ܽ϶ӣһغϣ϶Ӷʤˡ

εĻغʤƣˣľ֡
ۿгϢܽɿһۣƺҪʩӯʹѾ׼ܿ

λܼұ磬ϲԷԸ񣬵ȴûҪбķչġ
ʵ˵Уʵûʲôÿģ˼ȥ׼ȥһγǽȥ

һһ׵ȥʩӯ΢ɹϳǽʱ򣬲žȵķѾȵˡ
ǸЩ죬ȴϲˡ

һòţʺܽʮƵꡣ

Է¥ʩӯȻҲЩȣò΢΢ףԭʩС㣬롣

ʩӯһ΢Цһ£˵δλǣ

ϻ٣κԺ̶

ԭ̽ɡʩӯ˵ɣЦѹּܾ졣
ǵй֮Եһ¥һǴν֮ʱ

ǵԭ̽ʩİĽߣ֪ˡ

ϻֻЦЦʩСüԡ

ȥȻǵãϻ˵ȷǷ
ʩӯ̬е㲻ԣȻʲôԣ˶ϲǺٻ˶жУһǳμ档ڣϻϣ͸ܵһųͲϲ

ô£
ʩӯĥϵû⣬Ѿתȥһߡ

ԭأƽϻ˼΢ȫƽ

ȵʩӯת˳ǽҪȥʱϻѾ뿪ˡ

С磬ܾǸ̽Щϲң𣿡ʩӯ룬С硣

С˵ͷ

ףʩӯЩˡ
ôԵС羹Ȼ϶

СƽʱЩӼ˵磬Ҳʮֻϲģλ̽ȴȥС˵ԼĹ۲죬Աȣ϶ԡ

֣Ϊʲôʩӯ˵
˵ʵڵģϻ⻹ǵһ˵ʩʶϻ٣˵Ļ˵ʲôϻ⸱ӣ

Ϊŵ

ʩӯ̧һŷָɢĿڳǽϣ̧ۿ




28.  ڶʮ   ʩӯʱü޽ǻ

ʲôʩӯʶ׷һ䡣
ϻ, ǸôûˣǴ֮ǰϷٳʼġžһ, æʲôѽЩûˡ

Ƶչů, ǽµŮһɫȹ˵䲻ԾĴЩͱԹ
е, ѾˡЦ˵, ֻиղǵ˲ɢˡ

ŶŶ, ˾ͺáʩӯʵе, Ҳû˵ʲôӰ, 뷨ֻһζ֪֪, ְѻ˻ȥ, Ϊʲô˵ǿ̽ء
˵ֻк治⣬ڲϲ֮ȴûеġ

ֲǽƱ, Ȼϲ, αеѰա

˵ǴȻǵô㶼, ǲ, 㹻˵ж
ǳһֻúЦ

˵ˣϻ֮ԸʩӯǰţƢðˡ

Ǻðɡʩӯɻ֮, ȴ̲סЦˡ
鲻άǺܿĵġ

ôûϳʩӯ̨ףߺ֮ǰϣǵߵúܺá

ղµˣһϡһתش

ģʩӯе㾪ϲЦ˵һ濴ġ
ǵøŵϼܺãߵúܻڣǾúȤ

˵ȥȥȻӦʩӯȸŻȥ󣬾һʶˣ׼ϳ

ʲôߺȻֵĸˣʵ

һأҪʲô̼ïе㲻ʡ

⻹ʣ϶ϰشһԣѺЭ̺ԪѾһˡ

ԺְҼǵ֮ǰܾͬŵ룿̼ïøżֱ̫ˣ档

ȥˡŲĵڷܡ

̼ïˬһ׼һúооŵΪʲôı⡣

ʯ˸˼ûèŹ֡

Ī˴յ̼ïߣһۣȷǴĶһ⡣
ԪѾ͸һϳˡ

ҲȥЩ۲˵

ƽ·ˤӵ˲ϣĪӦȥ̫ҽԺǸ㿴

졣ͷ۵˵ӦʱȴЩľɻɣôѵġ
ŶǸԪĺãȻǱԪġ

Ŷ

̼ïΡȻʾĪµ졣
˵ʵڵģҲԼЩûаĪ´ңôô˵ˣ

˼ɻ

ǣĪЦ

úõһˣôͳôһءС߶

̼ïЦһĪһû壬ܾⲻǺûĬĬĿһۡ

涷ʱ渵źԪѾʼˡ
ڵǱӡ

֮ǰֶ϶ʤһ³ıˡ
һ֣־ʤ

ңÿһֶѹʤ֮伸ʮϡ

Χ۵ȺǶʱ

̨ϣʩӯҲվЦ绨Ĺơ
˭ܿʱʮֵĺá

棬ϻջߣЩɵĿܽɡ

ܽϵЦԵȷʩӯЦĿĵʱ򣬱һ٣Ȼ󻺻ջߡ

ϵ˶ɢϻٽܽɡ
ǸźԪ书ǣԩοһ䡣

ͬںԺְǺѡ

֪л֡ܽɺЦлתۼ䣬ƺǸµĺˡ

˼̸ЦϯϣԶǵЩ

ȥͱáܽɱ׼ʩӯ˵˵һ̧ͷŷ֣ԭڸ̨ϵʩӯѾˡеĻһ٣鲻ɵЩӡ

ղʩСѾˡϻ˵ܽʱĿԴЩǴ

֮ǰΪʩС㿴㣬Ҫףˡ֣ɷ֪Ϊθı⡣ǡ˵

ԡܽɴϣΧϻҡҡͷ

ϻü΢壬ûټ˵ȥЪһ뿪˴˵ء

̨üۻС۾һתȥԼߣͷԼʩС˵Żһ£ûǰ

ߵ̫ˣʩӯھϲУݾϲڿϵĴߵĸʱͿʼˣһֱޱȵĽһһֱսһ֮ɹѶ˦ȥ
һοϣǰԴְºûˡû뵽ʱټľޡ

ģģϣܸܵģϷ塣
ҲǸ˴ֻ֣ǿţܸܵ

ҸղöŮǵĻˡʩӯ˵ЦӯӯģҵżҪ̤ˡ
ⱾֻǾ٩˵ڵʱȴĪһ£ָо仰һϸҲҲˡ

棬ڵĸŶһ٣̧ۣΪ˶ֵֻһǳۣʩӯʱü޽ǻδɢĳ
ϵɢĪԵ

أûУʩӯ仰·һ˿û쳣вһƣܿȥֲеתʵ

ʩӯԾգգۣЩ˵ûС
⣬ΪʲôĪ飿

ǣһʲô

ȻûлΪľʩӯЦҵĺҿ϶ǵġ
ЦĲޱȣԾʮֽ

Ǹߵôõˣѣ
ֱ

ѣ
ҧҧ̧ʩӯֻѾͷٶ۵ԡ

ԾֵĲޣʩӯǴûǷ
ǡ

ԡ

һۼƬƫƧĽ䣬ʩӯŸ뿪ؼȥˡ

һԣСǰȥķ֡

ı⣿ŵظ

ǰʲô⣿룬Ǿ͹һĨζЦ
үڰ

ó֣׼ϸ̽һ飬λܼҹӣʲôܡ

һߣʩӯϣĿ
һֵջȻʼġ

ҲǷ
ո̫ˣҪԴ

ţٿ䣬ʩӯһ

ôС㣿Сʵ

ҸղŶŸţǲǻ̫ˣʩӯղţȻ֡

ū澵ûע⡣Сδԭɣ
оԼС͸һʱһֱܶడ˵Щ˼Ȥ£Ҳͦ˼ġ

ţҲǡʩӯ룬õȷˣûٶˡ

*

תۼ䣬һʮ壬ѽڡ

겻ͬǣѪڹоٰ磬Ⱥ볼ͬ֡
ʩӨľͽ˹Լҹĸߣһģʩ

ʱ޳ȥĵճŮʩҲˡ
λǰЩӣһŮŻ̥ӣƽҲˡԴȥµڶӣŵĴǶˡ

Ůʺ׽˵仰󣬻ʺ˰Ƕȥ˰ĴС

óԽÿˣʱҾ;˶Ǹˣ룬ҵ˵ĵǲԣֻǸˣǸɫ˰ʩʩӨЦһ佱

ˡʩӨװߵ˵תʣǼֶֶŮأôû
ÿοʩú֣ôߵһˣôʩһܵԲŮģ

Сұ˼УȹЩˣҾ͵ôݼĸˣʱɱӷźáʩ˵⻰ŻʺǼŽ

Ȼᡣʺ󵭵һЦ

̬䵭ʩ˼ʧ֮࣬۵ĿʩӨ
Ҳ֪õãôĸôϲ

ʩһԿԼҽ̬ĹάŴ󷿼ˣüɿ塣
㣬ʣ߻ܱǰǽŴʮ׽ǰ֮£δ࿴һۣʵ˽
ţֱջߣֻ

ţǱ߻ʺѾʩӨȥ˵˻
һϯʼʱǰʩӨߵϯ

һںʩӨ㰲ȵԼ̧࣬һתȻգգۣкЩϲ
ŵģǸš




29.  ڶʮ   Ż

ʵڼ, Ĳ࣬ЩʩӯҲμӹٴΣǲʲô⡣

ɪ, 
棬˵֡

Լûע⣬ʩӯ͵͵˿ھ, ͱǹŪüʱ, ˡ
ڳȥ͸͸, Ȼ˹

ܱѡ̷˾輧, ɫǷ, ˭ŵʩӯĶˡ
, ֪жҪ߽ϡ¼ȥʱ˼, Ҳųȥˡ

⹬ڽ͢˭ûʩӯϤ, ȥһת۾Ͱ˶˦Ȼ, סˡ

ҹɫܺ, õĿǰ˵顣
ʩӯһ, ǼºѾû˵, ʵڲ֪ƽΪҪ

ԶԣӶʱ
һʱĬ

Ǹ硣һ֮, վ˿ڡ

ʩӯ˵ǿԣٲ뿴ˡ
һͻɶƵգ⣬׹壬ʧĳ

ʱƵĸо

ʩӯѾ߹Ůӵ£Խֱ뿪

磬Ѿּ߹Ժ޴£ҲٻˡתʩӯԶȥıӰ

ʩӯĽŲһ١

΢ϲ˵ұ׼˵ģҪ㸸ĸԲЩ£ڴĿʩӯȴʼûתɵþʹ˿ɬ
㣬ء˵

ʩӯתɲƻϲƣȻʵҼǵ书ܺãţδͣЪ
ã˵ԺѼһʳڡ

棬ϣɫȻһס

ȻԸȴҲʧϸ뾯衣ʩӯԹԵʣңΪλǰ׵ľͱԵ

ǶҪͣȴʲô˵ڡ

Ҷˡʩӯʱӯʧתȥ

ǣԺҲҪ˰ɡڿУŷеĹζ͵Ƶǰʲô˵ڡ
ֻصͣ

ˣɵֻǻ֮ģԸôˡ
ıӱ⧲ֻԶԣתһ£ҴԶȥ

ʩӯŲҴ߳Զ֮ǰžĻϲ죬ȴѾɢˡ
ģƵֳġ

ǰһŽ𰲾Ĵɫ£ʩӯ̧ͷȥȻ
ҼǵСʱ˵

СŸոԼС㻰͸¶˼У¿ʩӯֻۣĲᣬ˵ǿ϶Ȥ

ʩӯû˵
ʱ˦˹ģȻŮôͬ⣬ֻʧ֣Щˤʱƽס˸첲ĶԺ㿪ʼϰˡ񻹼ǵƵʱ˵ĻҺúϰ䣬ԺôôҶסġ
һתۣˡ

ȻתʩӯҴȥδͷ

ŴӰֳ࣬ĬĬʩӯлû
룬ʩӯڴŸҪ

ƣ
˵δ뵽ԭ滹һ

һ磬ʩӯ˶ȥȴ޾ɻصĳϹ
ң֮ĺüﶼ

գʩ뾩ǰ߹
ʩӯк޲ҹʵЩԹģĳЩʱ̣ڱ߹ؾͺˡվѹеĶԼ¡

ģĺҲġ
ݾҲ޷ԭ£ֻǡ

һգֵܽˡ

֮ǰʩӯμǣ飬дʲܿˡ

ܽ뿪ȴûŰݷˡ

ľ⣬ԼֶǺг⣬ʩʩӯҲȤ䣬ܼҹֳġ

ʩӯķ֮࣬Щҡ
ⷽʵû飬ƫܽˣʵڸǹñã˵ĶˣɵĶǲõġʱŵ˵ǼлҪ˵

ԼǸ¥һصӺ¥

ôԼϲĲ𣿡һȦżѾߵ̺ȥ磬ʩӯʡ

㿴֡˵

ţ˵ʩӯȤˣȥ˵ʲô֣

ԵƬ̾ͺáûֱ˵ת

ʩӯɻ֮£ˡ

ʱźȻ̧˵ˡ
˵Żվߵǽֶ˶ʱ䣬һϤ

磬ɡ

ʩʩӯͷֱ˳ɽסˡ

õȾ𣿺Ժµ飬Ǹˡ

ⲻܽɣʩӯе㶵롣
ȵȣܽɺʩʲôʱɱˣ

һʱ˼̫࣬ʩӯЩԺˡ

С缸ѾҲˣɽŸڴĻ𾪡
ʩܽһһ˵ʮ磬Լ׽

һ磬һõģܵĺܣʩӯܽദʱҪ硣

ʩӯգգֻۣ࣬˵ȴ¾˸ڣֻô˴ԱŲԲĸţ˵ҿ˵𣿡

⸱·ƵӣûסЦˣ˵û£˵

ԣʩӯһ˵ô°ô֪ǹϵʲôʱôˣ

㲻֪ΪĻѡ˵

źߣ
ʩӯֻɻˣ񾭣Լܸо˼ղԣܽΪʲôҪڡ
ţֱˡ

Ǿ͵ܽˡ΢΢Цһ¡

˻Це䰡ʩӯһƮ뵽

˵䣬ڵĻⲻ֪Ƶʩӯϡ
ʩοܽɣ˵ʩӯϲĶŵӣʯΪԸġ


ʩӯ˱ʾе㸴ӣʩڸܽɳ׷

ܽأ
Ѳоˣ

û˵ģﻰⶼΧʩӯϲã˶Щȡ
ԭûעĵطȻЩϰ

𾪣

֪ģʩӯԼýζˡ
üһʩȻô˽𣿺öԼûעء

֮󣬸˸ʩ뿪ˡ

ʩӯţȻЩԤϣ㲻϶˼°

ٵȵȣʾ԰ꡣ


ʩӯʱ£ĬĬȴ

Ȼûһڿ

֣ܽҲǾȵģɣ㾹ȻҲ

֣ҿǡνſھ仰

˵ҲЩ죬ʩӯ룬ȻⲻǸ̽ϻ٣

Ǻ⣿ܽɻ

˴ϻۣѵĲʩС˼ϻٵ

ݵĳĬһܽɿڣ⻰Ҳס

ףղźʩСĻҶˣϻֱ˵

ӷִΪɷǾӰܽԿһ˲ȻŻָ

ˣô֪һý㣬һ磬Ȼƭ޹ʩС㣿ϻЦһǾʩСɵǾҴʩС㣿

ýԼİĽ߽׷Լá
Żϻ˵




30.  ʮ   

ܽ, Զ׼Ĵ˼ɫ

ϻ٣ĪҪ˵˵

˵㲻˵˵˵ˣϻЦ, Ϊѡ

ʩСǺѣҰĽãʩСΪҳı, о֣ʹܽɵ

˻
ǰûôҪʩӯ૵˵
⵹һǽһ, ǰѱ˶Ϲɵ

⻰ܹ۱, , Ǳˡϻٻ˵ĸɴ, ʮ㡣

С缸Ҳʮλ, ⻹֮ǰǸ棬Ķŵĺ

ϻ٣ܽ档

ǡԴ˿ʼ, Ҹ۶壬޸ϵϻǺá

֣ܽɺȻ˵, ٱ죬, ֮, Ǹᣬ֣֣ϻ٣ð, ᣬǻ㲻Ҫ˵

֮ǰ, öʮزŵõĹܽ˵ʱƽе˼ȴƽˡ

вңϻٵ, š

ʩӯҲܲţȻѾ֪ܽɵ뷨ۼвѣǲɾ㵡
ţվţߵ˸ڵȡ

ĿȥźЦ۸ڷ䣬ٿһЦ
ʲô֮ϣ޻̸֮

ơ
ߵԼһ

ʱű򿪣ŵСۼʩӯһ㶣оЩ֪롣

ֱ̧ӽȥʩӯͿվԳʶ֮ܽɺϻ١

˼ԼͬľȻͬʱԷ
ϻǣܽŭ

ɿʰԼܽɺЦʩӯ׼кȴֱӴϡ

ҽղ֪ԭ簮ĽҶ㡣ʩӯЦӯӯ˵ܽ˵ʱһһ˵ˣҲ֪ԭǹµı羹вˡ

ǣҴ۽簡仰˵ζ

ãҡܽɻͣʩӯ

֮ǰΪͻȻ飬Ǽ룬Ϊҵݣ֪ԭΪԭ򡣡ʩӯᳰ

㣬ĪҪ룬ⶼᡣܽһҧᡣ

ʩӯЦ˵ҺͲĹϵһֱܺãҲ˵㣬Ǹϲ֮ŵˣңԲʡң֮ǰȥҲǺټ㣬ǰЩʱ䣬Ȼ磬㻹Ҫٱ𣿡

ᡣܽĬһ£˵

ֱ֣ʩӯˡ
ɣ磬ԺĪҪˡҸ߾˾˾ĸĻ⡣˵꣬ܽɣתϻ٣Цһ£˵ϹӣǸˣܳĲģһֱˡ
˵꣬ЦЦת뿪

ܽΪвĻĬϻҲһֱĬֻǻЩ

ǸʩС㡣ۼҪ뿪ϻڿ˿ڡ

ţʲôʩӯףĿ

Ϊϴڳ¥ϣΪܹӣԶԵ֪ԭˡʱʵûеʩС㣬ҺܱǸϻһһʮ˵Ȼ΢΢ס

ʩӯһʶܿ
ϹӲˣᣬ˵˾ͺãңҲδЦһ£ֻе㲻⣬ҲѾˡ

˵꣬΢΢һЦת뿪

ŲϻҲˡ

ʩӯż֮ǰһƲÿϻٳţۣţȻ
Ǻÿ
һŽ˷䡣

ϻ̧ۿȥȴֻһƽȹ
Ȼһ£ת뿪ڴ֮ǰδעλڵʩС㣬ϾӲɫƷ£Ǹӣ˲֪λʩС㣬Ʒ¸ʤɫ

޶˱ڮ٣ȻûĻ

*

ºʩӯһž죬ǲˡ

ʩô£ôȻˣ˵ֻﲻʹ켫ˡ
ʵϣҪΪǰŹŮովȥܽһ⡣ΪŮƱõ˵žǷᡣ

һȲ豻ƵʩӯǰĹıǼ⡣
Ⱥȿڲ裬ŵ˵

ʩӯȻ˿ڣվɿһ丵ݲգ⣬ʩʲôԩ޳ģһʲô

֪ˡԼи²⣬û֤ݣ֤ʵҲ˵ˡ

ǡʩӯЩֻⶼʲô߾ЩĪˡ
е뺦ޣ

ԭ֮Щ죬ʩӯʩ;ﲻ̹

ʩȴһֱû¶ʲôɫ

ʩӯڳԣƽռˣֻԷʩȴһֱڣµĸкֻᷳĺܡ
ôأ롣

ǣʩΪʲôҪأ
ܾܲǵļðɣ

սһ¶˲ͽ
̸֮Уʩӯ˵Ϸֲˡ

û־ʩӯ˵ĵһ뷨
λϷ˵֮ǰô궼˵ʲôʹֻ꣬˵Ρ

ϣЩɡʩӯ˵ȻŻĵġ
ϴϷ˲úټʱͷࡣ

ոⰲ
ߣɫ鼸ʮ꣬ѷָϷһľ񼸺Ͳ̫ˡ

ŵ˶ڴߣĬ

ϷĲˡ
ĿϷ˺Щɫ˻ڸղţһɲ԰ף춼Ǳոιȥҩġ

Ϸ˴أοһϹѾС˵˵Ҫ˴Ҷȥ
ΨиţϷ

ҿҪˡϷ˵ơ

ĸĪҪ˵õġ

ȻҺõģˣɵˡϷģһŵЦһ£˵갡ŮҵĻ̫̣˭ܵء

û˵ָֻϷҴҴӡ

Ϸתͷ۾Σ˵ˣҾʲôˡ

ȻǵĵӣĸףõġǲΪϷˣֻϹģҲõġ
˵Ϸ˶ĺøڱ棬Ϲʵ⣬ĺ۰ŵġ

ǣϷЦһ£Щ㱣Ȼ𣿡

ʲôŷʡ

ǲ鲻İɣΪ㣬˵ǷѾ˼֪µ˵ĿڡϷ૵˵

һ𣬼Ҫ׷ȥϷȴ˵ˡ

㻹ǲ𣿡Ϸȴûټ˵ʡ

ű㲻˵ˣıʾԼ̬ȡ

Ϸ˹ŹֵЦһ£˵ҵĶӣĸ֮ý֮ԣͬ⣬Ⱳӣ˵˵źȻЦƵҸΣʩң붼롣

һ٣ſŽϷˣδǣֻǸеʮֵİ
ȻѾͿˣȻ⻰ǾԲ˵ڵģôģ˵ġ

ʺͣԲңôˣļϣΣľˣˡ·ҧһ˵΢Щûĥ˺һƲ仰Ĵ˼

ˣĺðϷ˻˵֪ǲҩЧãһ˫۾𽥻

ϷˣźȻ룬ϷһֱĽʩӯ˵ΪأΪԼܻȢʩӯأ
Ϸ˿еǲǾĸ֮䣬ֻĹϵ

ʱȥϹҲˣһϷ˵һæ߽Ū״Ų˿ȻͿ˸š

Ҳ뿪

*

˵Ϸز֮ʱʩӯû뵽»ǣϡ

һܸߣˬƵ
ӷԵţŸ

ʩӯ˵ʱһ£Ϸ˲أӷôˡ
ֱ˻ȥãӷ˽׵ġ


ˡ

ǰӷȦ죬Ÿ˺ϲ˵Ϸһֱϲ磬֮ǰ˵ƸΪϱǼֱǹĸأΪ˲˼źұͺšĪҪҽš


ǲе°ܣʩӯĵһ뷨




31.  ʮһ   磬Σ˵

˵Ц, һƬТģȻáϴ棬΢Ц, ϲŭ

ãҪһ
ʩӯ²ۣۿӷֲ, һҪЦˡ

л㣬, Σӷ΢һ, ΢Цʩӯ


ʩӯʶ, ͼԼ, һ˫, вá
Ҳô

Ҳ޴⡣ʩӯ˵

û뵽ʩӯֱӣӷ˲һ㶡

, Ҵһ㶡

Ŀĵʩӯޱȣ˲ԵĽŲ, ת׿ſڣĿתΪ˾ȡ

ţ㣿ѿڶ, ʮֲôȻ, һһ
ţʩӯȻЩ¡
ʲôʱʩϵôˣ

ſ, ʩ͸š

ôˣţӷɫһ, ѿڶ

üͷһǰЦЦĿӷˣ˵, ɩˣΪ֣أ˵ˣͬ

ӷɫһ٣촽һ£Цȷ㿴ңſģ

Ŀһԣ΢ЦƺղŽղֹһ

£ˡӷ˶˵

Ȼ˵ްſڴŻǰ̶̼ȴʽϳһ㣬֣ء
ˣˡ΢΢ͷǸ

ˣ΢΢ܿ

ûԴ´ְ󣬸ѾõĴˡ
ʮĴ䣬ƷԱ֮

Ϊ˽¶˽ֱɡž˵

ӣԸĿڡ

£ɲɣʩӯ֡

棬׼λֻȥ

ĸ·ӣ˵£ұ˴ˡۼ˲׼˵ȥʩźЦһһ

һۣʩӯ۾һգֻýյʩƺƯЩȹʽҲδȴǺÿ
ǿװģ롣

յϢġ
Ҳ֪֪ףʱʩʲôоʩӯµ룬дʩȴü΢ʲô

ţ
ô

ţʩӯͼʩɨһ۸ţɨһۡۿžַЩ

ֵֹġ

ͷԷ籩˼У΢΢һЦʩģʩһ£һɨ˺󣬸뿪

ߵҲ̫ʹ˰ɣʩӯ룬Ʈֵĸš
ʲôܾӷ֮ķΧֵֹġ

˭֪ĿһƮȥͱŴ˸ţۼкελεЦ⣬ʩӯһۣĿ˻

棬ӷɨһüȥʩӯ͸ţĿһһ£ֿʩӯ˵ղžܾ֪Ϊʲô𣿡

ҶԸˡ

ɾҼ᣿ӷ˺һЦʵ
ᣬʮֿס

˵ʵô֪ЩȷʵǴδùġ

㿴òΣ

ǿ

ӷ˶ʱЦˣתͷ˸һۣͼȶ˫΢ȻЩ˼ˡ

ΪΣɺã

Ը࣬·Ǹˡ

㿴竺ɫС˼ݶӷ˼ʡ

ʩӯͼ˳Ż˵ȥ˵Щ

Աߣ΢Ĵһɡ

ǲͺˣӷƶЦ㿴δвããȻˣβԣ

ЩĸȻӷˣü¶ͬ

͵ɣ
ʩӯЩ

˿ҹû˯ãףü壬̲ȥˣԵ

ӷһɻδҡ

ĸףһֱû˵ĸȻڣȻǸĶһ˵ʧˣĪ֡

ӷδ񣬾

ʧһΪӷҹû˯ãȻô˵˺ЦҶƣƿˣвáԣҵ硣
䣬ƽգŮúãѲɶ

ӷƹ䣬ȴЩС˵˵
£Ҳٱ⣬Ǹ˵ļʧˣֻ̫ϲ磬˵ûô࣬ĪҪ֡

ûôࣿҿװˡʮֲӷ硣

㡪ӷ˻Ҫٱ磬ȴٴαס

ͬ˵ٴǸǸˣæҹ࣬Ҫ֡

ǸĳϿңɫÿЩת־Ͷ˲裬ҪͿ͡

תʩӯŴŲõܽ棬򣬵ʩС㣬֮¡
֪ǽ߳ϹŸղŵ飬ˡʩӯȷкøУҲҪȢģҪԡ

˿֪뷨ʩӯ֮ʱкȻ
òҪ˵ϲĸԼ뷨ɣԭдıȷܾһǧɣ³Ȼһ

ΪһˣҪ

Ǹ̫꣬˵Щ˵

ȻҪܾˣ
ʩӯмתУ취ܾ棬ʩȥ˵νľһˣͷýȥˡ

ԱߣƲ֪Ŀ۽˷֣⸵Ŀ
Ҫȴֲɳ

Ϸ˺ͿЩӣȻһЩȻ棬˹ү뷨ž˵ɩȢ¡
ò˵һ߶ˡ

ſԲںϷˣںɩȴܲں
ΣЩĸ׶ĺöġ

˼ϹϢʱ˷ܣŲɳˡ
ڡ
ãµͷ󣬷Լǲ֡

ʩӯִţжǵ˰
ȥеĹǣſԡ

ʱ

Ǳ߸Ѿѻ˵꣬ۼʩӯƺ˵ҡ
ҪȢģ˵

ǸѾϲˣʩӯȻڴϣ˸Ҳ˸š
һָ࣬ϸš

ˣҲˡ

ǣң
׹У롣

Ϊǿ¾ͲᶪˣʩӯţȻͷ֣ڵˣϣӷˣѾǣסˡ

磬ã䣿ʲôʱ£֮࣬ЩȻȻ˸ղſͬʱǹɱŤ
ʱŮֵ̫ˡ

ΪòԭʩӯǰЩһֱԿ˻֮ģɸղŸö֮ʱȴ˿δԡ
⣬Ĳˣ

ʩСĪҪ˵ЦǲϲҼҪҽھܾҲſС壬ֶ֮ںεأӷ˷ɿķӦʵ

ףף
ʩӯȻ񣬺üһǸ尡ղûô죿

ţתͷţѾô㣬˵һʱԣص
ʩӯţĿһ

ǰЦüỶϲúڵĴüң۽ǣպʹɢ
ĸˣε˾֪ʩӯʶ⼸꣬δ

ſһ׽ˣһɢģǴЦƢܺõӡ
ʶЩ꣬ʩӯҲ΢Цö֮ϰǸЦݡȻЦģȻɵסˡ

Ůһ˫ƯСŵķɫ΢š
ĺãǾҲɫɸֲȥעһζĻղŵǾ仰

ţҶ⣬ԸȢң
էȻ仰ʱŻһ˲Уϲ̫šڶʩӯɻ˫ۣԻȻֱӵ˵ͷ

㡪ӷſԡ

ȻԸ⡣΢ӷ˵Ļȴû⣬δͶȥһֻۣרעĿʩӯ˵һһһ˫ˣɶɫ

̫⧲ʩӯˣɲĿŸţȷ⻰Ǽ١
㣬ʣѹļٵģ

˵أҲѹ㲻ΪϲʲôԹϰɣ

һﾪˣ
ʩӯգգ۾գգ֮󣬷κˡ

⣬û뵽
ŲĹǶʢն޶Եôϲ

һԣ֮΢΢ü
С壬ʩС㣿ʵ˵˺һĻʲôʱ£

˵Żɸŵʩӯϣֲ˿

ʩӯκΣԻ񣬸ۣ˵˵ģ

õ˶ˡ

ϲңʩӯûעǣֱʵ

ŵ˵ͷ

ʩӯ̲סգۣЩ֪롣
⣬ôţʶԼסjxjs

ţ㡪ӷû뵽˾Ȼǵ˵ɫ࣬ҧ˵

ˣҳϹǳܵĵطϳԴϡ

ӷһͣĿһɨֻԼ·˸ЦٴȥˣֱӸǡ
鸴ӵĿˣʣۼĸ鲻ԣǸ뿪ˡ

Բû׼øھ͹ĹŮЩ¡

ˣһЩ˵˵ߣΣ

ܾʩӯȴѾͷֻͬ⡣

ʩӯ̫̫ɻˣҪǽ첻˵˯ġ
˵껰Ÿžȥƫ

ΪʲôϲҰʩӯֱʡ

ϲҪԭ򣿡ŷʡ

Ҫɡʩӯһ£Ȼ֪˵ʲôˣǧȴ֪Ӻ˵

ϲ㣬񣿡

ʩӯҡͷ

ɿģ

ʩӯҡͷ

ȴЦˣ˵Ƕˣ˵ģ


ʩӯʶḧգŷ֣ǵȷһֱŵġ

Ȣ㣬˵ʩӯ漫ˣǿһֱţһԹϣʱҪԼʱ䣬Լطʱԣ֪Ҷ㡣ȥĶҶ㣬ҪμǣȥﶼСʱǿдһμǡ

飬Ҷһ𡣡

磬ϸ룬Ըһ𣬹𣿡żóʮֵĳϿңСĺʩӯ˵⡣

Ĺְô죿ʩӯԴŸŲĵĻһİץסһʵ

ʮ竣Ծ⼸Ҫ˼ǡ

ǣǮأ棬ҪǮİɣʩӯʡ

ұвҵЩǼĵ꣬ҿġ

ƭˣҼǵмҵ꿪ʮˣܲ㼸Ϳ˰ɣ

ֱµġ

ʩӯֱӸһĴָģֱ

ԣԸ𣿡ЦһһģղǸŵµЦݣ
Ը⣬ôῪʼԺأ

Ҫ롣ʩӯ˵
¹شһӵ£ϸ롣

롣ŵ


Ҫ롣ʩӯĿһֵۣ

磬Σ˵ûоܾңѾ˵˴ˣ㻹Ҫʲôأ
עʩӯĿᡣ




32.  ʮ   

ʩӯҲ֪ԼҪʲô, ܾҪ롣
ǻȻҪ롣

˵ʵʱҲ֪Ҫô˵, ͳĬ

ðɣΣȴЦŵ, ʩӯ˫ۣ˵, , ϣ´Ǽʱ, Ѿˡ

һ, ʩӯͷ

Ц֮, ̲ס΢̾һ
пܣȻȰ¶, ɲУǱ㲻а, а취ġ

˵ˣȻҺ˵, ɼȻû, ǲģϷ, Ҫˡ
Щʩӯ뷨ˡ

˵֮󣬸Ÿȥ, ʩӯͶԼЦӯӯף

׵ѯʣʵʵ˵Լ͸ŵ, Ǵһʱɵ¡

ЩЩĿʩӯ

ʩӯЩĵ˵ͷ

ѽ㡣Σʵ벻ԼŮôϲá

Ҳ㶮¡ʩѭ˵

һۣ˵һ͢ԱְĻǴ£˵Щҳ̵֮£ôﻹ˶¶֣

꣬δй¶˿ⲻж£ʩѭЦʩӯЦν֮£ϲģǺӣƽʱɲϲעЩСµˡ

иΪӣʵ⣬ɵһۡ
УжŮͼģܲ˳ۡ

ĿһۣʩѭЦЩʩӯƽʱС£ԺЪȥˡ

ʩӯҲһϵŪͷ͵ģ˵ͷˡ

еǣСӣңϷˣٲˡοԼб£ʢ裬徻û˵ʲôСʩѭ˵ԵɣҲԸԺĸѹͷӹĲ̹ɡ

ˣ΢׷ʣȷ

ʩѭ˵ͷ˵ǰЩȥݼϣ̫ҽʱ

һϲ˼

һԺӣʩΣյѾ߻ӷѾ뿪׷ʵӷΣ

Ѿߴףʵʵ˵̫ãŭ

ģʩĳһ
û뵽ǸžȻʩӯ˼û뵽ǣӷ֪ˣףҲԺͬ¡

޸ɣûɣͺá

*

£Żظ֮󣬾ͱֱϷ˵ķУһţϷ˾ɤȵ

һ仰˵ֱӹ¡
̧ۣӷڴ࣬ԽԿɫĲϷڴǰһ˫۾ǶݺݵĶ

ôңôңϷ˽˵仰ͼٵĴһ˫۾ȴ˿δεĶ

ĸ岻ʣ̫ҽۿϷ˳Ĳ۾һ˵

ð!ϷŭˣŸżҪҧһ⡣

ӲҡŲұ粵ϴ

ȥʩӯϷޱȣ˵᲻𾢣⻰˼ȴӲ˵ңһΪһŮҡ

ĸвң˵̧ͷϷˣ

ĸ֮ý֮ԣҲͬ⡣ϷûӦ仰ֱ˵

ĸף֪ϲɻһҪȢΪΣŵüᣬʮί

ΪΣҲϷ˴

֨ѽ
űƿ

ʺ˽ĿڴϵϷˡ
սЩ岻ãҲ̬׷Բԣűȴĥ㲵Ϸ˻ҪɣЩ

ӷһ£˵һߡ

㰮ĽʩǸСս˶ΪϷɳԤϵǣ˵ĻȴǶԸŵġ

ǡŵͷ˵

ô˵Ϲһ䣬ѡ

գܿġվ
ѾܾãûĹˡ

ԭˡϹƽ˵ϷһֿۣţҾ֪ĵ˱˵ǹ

ˡΪɣšѾġ
ûڻظǰ׻һ⣬ǰ˰š

ΪɣǼٵģ˵

Ų˵ˡ

ˣȥɡֱˣһĻûС

ˡ

ǵǺơӷˣϹ᲻صѵһˡ

ӷ˱ѵһ£ˡ

ڶʱֻʣˡ

һֱ֪㲻ϲû뵽㾹ȻϹȻڣ˵ĻȴϷһ

֪ˡ

ʲôҵġϹ˵

Ҫһ֪ĺӵԼ⣬Ϊ㡣Ϲ˵ܹҲƽˣϣҪллġ
ҪСլֶΡϷȻϲɵûʲô

֪Ϸô꣬ۿҪˣȻͲˣǲӣ֪£αػҪ̫ƽ

ֵϹסˣʲôӣֻǾ֮ӣԭȻȻŭԭЩ궼ģϣҾˣ

ŭ̫ʵǼŲЩϷҲɾɣѵǣӦ˵ܣô񡣡
ųúĴӺ񣬿Ȼ˸ʺ͡

ҶҪˣʺ㻹Ҫƭңοࡣɬ˵

ĸҹĸҵıáʺŭɿ˵ûķޣӽһ䡣

Ȼ

ǣǵҵһҡϷӦ

ʺ͵˵ͷ˵ǣĸжţҰ¹شΪ©ҷ¡
ĸ޵һҵ그ͼᵱı棬塣ĺһ׮ð֮١

⣬⣬ûƭңϷ˲ŵ˵ţǸزϹ˵ѡ

ҵ˵ˣǶ֮ӡϹ˵
׵ʱףùûꡣ

ԭˣˣңЩ궼ʲôϷ˻롣

Ϊֻǲİˣû뵽㾹ȻġϹ˵ʹ֮࣬ҲЩھΡ
˴ϻۣôῴͿķֱ
Щ꣬Ǻεȵί׵ǣˣȴδϣֻΪ޲ģˡ

ԭһжΪ֮

һʱž

Ϸ˵ĺȻץؿڣֻԼ
ʲôֱ׳ڸǰ˵Щƾ֮𣿿ɸŵϱͶϹж

Щ꣬ǰԼһˣ

Ϲһæǰá



*

εδߣʩӯԺۣۼһ谵˯һ
Ѿճ˰ʱ

ŷ֣ˡ

С㣬Ϸˣȥˡ·УȻѾߴҴ

ָһʩӯȵʲô

Ѿ߾˵һ飬ʩӯȷԼû

ôˣ૵˵һľʱŴŲĺЦ˫ۡ
Ҳ֪ôˡ

ûظأϸ룬ԼȷкøС
Ҳֹڴˣٶģǰδˣһ뵽һǸš

ԣھˣţˡ

еŰ׾տ֡
īֽϣдǾƯСʩСķӣѣͻϢȴһʹôžջմī

ˣȵϱӵʱϷ˶ĺúõأôˡ

˲֣æѿʼϴϸü΢Щ˿

ȥТ꣬Тһꡣ
Ҳ˵ҪТһ꣬һꡭʮˣھѾʮżˣʱ䲻ˡ

취С




33.  ʮ   үˡ

ɫݻĶ, һƬء
ֽУŷƮɢ̴ζ

ĸǰ, Ҹ˵ǸϹվڹľǰѾõĹײ˵
ˣʵҲɳ, һѾˡ

ʶһ̧ۣЩ, ΪϹƭ, ɵϹ, , ˵ġ
ʲô֮Ҳ, оʮֻ

һʮˣǰȻҪǸ, ֱ̫Цˡ

ҴδֹĸסĬһ£ŵ, һʮֺʵİ
ˣ⡣

Щ, ǰЩŻϹֹ, ͣɵס, ʣĺϲʩǸС
˵һʼ, Ϊ飬ɺĵϲӣҲİӿģ׼֪Ͼ, ˺ᣬӵҪá

ĵ˵ͷ˵治ˣڲʲô

Ŷ˵︵ȥףɿЩˣ˵ͲСﱻȢˣ

Ը޸ˣȥס

ϹĲͬϲȻȢؼвźá

ͬ⣬ϹҲʼ޵ġŽ˵

룬Ϲ˵ĶԣϹ޶һңһŮŮСģƽ۰⣬Ϲ治һͬ⡣
һ룬Ҳûٶ˵ˡ

˵Żûע⣬һ޵ֱɫ
ҷ˵˲ͬ׮£֮ǰΪ²ŭӰ塣ڸȥϹȻˣҪȥף

ֱҪҷĿ
ͷҧ˿˿ԼеԹ˵ʲôŵǸǲܣ

ɥ¹Ϸ˱أТ飬һӣһƷ䣬νǸ档
֮Ϊֵ֮ãºоֽǴ̸˵յľ

趡ꡣ
ûգϾ࣬پҪְԱְʱ㼺ƾ˺üˣɳԤϵǣѡôݴ

һʱ֮䣬˶ڸڱеĵλˡ

ʱһԣϢ䴫˾
Ϲʩӯ½ȴС帵Ÿ˺ʩӯĽ٣ϲ˸š


ʵ˵ոϢʱʩӯʱ±Ƶġ
ʲôʱ½ģʲôʱϲȵȻиţкøУǻ̸۲ϲɣ˭ҥһ滰ûУ

Ľ٣ɲʲôû
ʩӯü

˭ɵã롣
ʱǲȥ˵Ҳ¡

˭Ҽŭޱȣֶ

ʩӯҲЩɿĸżһЩ˵˾ͺáſɫҲôÿĵ˵ŮܱܲסɾͿ˵ŻЦЦ

ǷǶ࣬Щȴûʲôõԣ˵⻹ͷһءЩƣҵ٩

ѽûлáε˵ɼЦݣûټżˡ
ŮѾܲˣżҲڲһԼҷ

ûοɵúúò飬ҿ˭ôۣŭĵһʩѭ˵Щ˾ѾѣҿǶҪȵͷˡ

Ȼʩѭɫ΢䣬תĸŮЦЦ˵𼱣ѾȥˣԵȾͺá

Լ׵ǿ׵ģʩӯǹɣɻЩƣ˵ҥףɾ࣬ЩҲŵģʲôĶС

⻰ģϺʩѭҲЩΡ
Լס˲ȴǲ˼롣

ްġ޾ɵʩӯʩѭ˵
ûа취Ǿ취

ģ̫ˣˡʩӯ˵˵
Լ׵ģȻ˵УǾһУ

ۿʩӯģ֮࣬æЩ£ɢЩϵЩ

*

һߣҲ⣬ңܿ˻ɶ
ǰϹ׵㲻أ֪һŵȴ࣬һʩеľˡ

мתС˷ԸȥžͱȥԺС

ôϹʡ
һʱƺЩ񶼶ࡣ

ӦǼй¶ȥġֱӵ˵


Ĭˡ
һȲɡ

ѾȥˡŸ͵

ǵܲʲôŰɣѾȥˡΪ⣬ﲻǴ£õ־ԺǼСˣټʵڲֵһᡣ

ŵͷ˵ãֻɫ̫ÿǰܹŵɢ΢Цûˡ

ˣҲˣҪǸģҾͻȥȥϹǸӰԵģ̇ۿȵʵǼһ޲ðνɱ˵ӡ

ףűе˼Ūһ
֮ȥǸʵǡ

ˣЦ˵

ûϢ⺢ӴС󣬶һЦˣǰѵ竲ϽʱЦĲΪ⣬ڵãΪһŮ˾ˡ

Цˣ˵ҪϱûˣôϢ

֮һʵڶ񶾡һֻҪʩӯһ𣬾ͻͻһ׮ɫԡ˵˻£Ժͬһ̧ͷͷʱԲ
ǴԣǱʩӯ޹ϸ

Ϲ۰ʩӯΪάҲԸԼǣˡ

һɢȥʼ֮̽˵Ķ

һæ˰ʱ䣬ȵŪ˵Ķȥ

ϸʹ󣬸űʣŪ֪ġ

ϷߵǸ֡

꼶ѾˣΪһֱźϷ˵ԭ򣬹үҲЩҪʹؼģͬ⣬˸ε飬ûϴĻġ
иӣǸһСɰ죬պ͸ʮֽܣץסһȷ˵ľǸźʩӯһ¡

ΪʲôŲ⣬˵ѵΪĸײԸš
һΪԭΪԼϷ鲻ԸԼʮ꣬ԸԼɲţԸԼȢһӡɵ棬ԸװͿ͵Լ֪ԭ

ϹǾһ𣬵ȵ֪һ١
ž뵽˷ǰһĻɵÿ۸š

Ƿߵˣ룬һԡ
ԸȻ˵Ȼȥɡ

ףҡ˵ЩԸ

ȥģұ֤˵

ףż֣ԼһܳûŪ

Ը⣬һʱ佩

ֱ˵Ŵڵİ

үˡ

ԣһ




34.  ʮ   Ǹġ

ʺ󱻾ˡ˵

ʺ󱻾, ҲζŻϳˣһ˶ס

ʱǰȥ˵, ߲ѵ, ȥʱԾˡ

ˣ
һĬ

ɸʵµ٣Ҫ, û, µ˭, ˵ˡ

ȷɱźȻһ䡣

һ, ɵ˵, Ӧǣ²δϸ顣

ȥ顣ŵ, ת·˵һ䣬ֻһ, Щ˴Һʩӯл
ûǸӡ

û˭δ죬ȻҲд뷨

ǰ洫ٵ̫, Щ, ֮Ƚ

߰ɡȻ, ˱ͦһ統
̬ɣԼȴϡɼķɡ

˵˸Ŵٵ̫˹, ֱ̫͵
ǻմӵĵط

һͿڻʵֵĳϹʩѭ
ĵһȻǹָʵ밲

ˣʵۿһ, еӣ˵

̫๬æ̧ӣ׼òˮϢ¡

ûһ̧֣ʼ
ɴ˵˵ʼĩֵΪ

ˣʵЩȣһԵ̫̫࣬˵ͷ

Ǽ黫ʵЦһ£˵Ӻ˵˵ôźãЦʩѭ

Ӻʩѭ֡

˵ףμҲϣ²׼δãʩѭһ仰˵ķâ¶Ǻ

ʵ۷һЦ˵ӣ޿˿˳۶ˣ֮ǰǸ͵ȻģôôŤһʩѭſȻˣǸϱ˵˵ɡ

΢ɣ׼ˣ£ּ֮ݺݸһµˡ

е˵ţƫҲš
Ծŭ𷭹ʮַŭСãӶûס

еʱõĽѡ

ǰɴ˵˽İ취ɻмڣǼ˷ΪūرϹ

Ҫʼնʼٸ߸ôǸôƺɱһ˶Ƕټ򵥲Ѿ£ʩӯ档

ʱ˵˻Ļ֮¡

ʲôʩӯѿڶɾȡ
ʶԼҹùúףȴʮֵɫ

ùã֪˰ѹСʵ

ɵҲ룬ֻƾһӣ˭Ҵлεĵ˵ʩӯ

ѽʺҲεĿ

emmmm
ʵ˵ǰʩӯô԰Ҫʲôۣڡݱˡ

ǻ˭ֲ˵
ԽЩ꣬ʩӯԾʮְ֣ǣҲŰ裬ôìͷָˣ

ʺһʱԣ̫ˡ

һǽ֮鲻סŮת
ǲɵǣǣûţŶʩӯ˵ʲôʱϾȵı顣

ε¡
ⶥһ򦣬һҪǸĻ֮˸ۣ

Ǳܿ˵˶Ļ֮˵Ĳ²⣬뷨ҪʱЩȻͻˡ
ۣ֮£ô򵥵ġ

µȷǸ⣬γ壬ʩӯ븵ֶ˵ľ𶼻ᱻ˽ֵЩνֻ࣬ںԸǴľС


ĸˣ׼ȷ˵ǻʵۣϹˣŸ岻ϻ̸̽ã˽취
ԵǸʾ޻̸֮˿ˡ


ϴηϵţΪ˸˵ס˶٣۸ţ˵
ֱĨȥиĺۼһʼֻи¡ӦģȻò˵˱졣

ǸȻǹãʩѭҲûͱˡ
ڸţһۣɫԵ

˵֮ǰ⣬ɾ£ɵþЩˡ
ˣٿɡ

ʵףѼ˵鶼۵ףζĿ۸š
۲鰸ܳ䡣˵ĳӣ˵ҲѾͷ׼һѣ¾ͽɣТڣ˴ֻͺá

׼һϲ

ó˽ۣƫʺ΢΢һЦг⣬Щβȣ鶼زˣǳˡ

ֻȸҵĻ֮˰ɡǲ

ڣ϶ûģڸԽʩӯɵ˿ʮĵӡ
ڲ鰸ⷽ棬Ÿš

ʺ˷ı飬֮һЦ
֮ǰƲ֣ھͷˣЩģ⸵š

΢΢ҡͷֺЦ֮ǰܾŮϣЩۿҪˣȴЩζˡ

ĵõοʺЦ
źʩӯ֪֮ģ֮ǰ˵ʩӯɣΪڿǡ

*

һ£ѫǶע£Ͼǣ˳Ϲ󹫾ۡ
ˣڶЯ֮ʱǵҲֻ֣аѳϹڻᡣ

ϾԱͱٽ˻ʹŵڶǸ
֣һʾŻʵ۶ԳϹ⡣

һҩߵˣû˻⡣

֮ģǸףձ̲ϲȥϢ

ʢŵһ׾ĵڡ
ΧƣĿ

ǱĽԸɫ汦ʯۼɶ칤
ǽǸת־͸

С㣬ū澿˴ŶСѹߵľȥ˷ʩӯ˰һͺܹҲصĶʱѾ߽

Ѻţʩӯɻ

ѾߵͷǣʾҲԵɡ

һʩӯĪãʩĶйء
ֵµĶһͣһʱӡ

ʩʼֻԺ֣ȴûгһգҲ档
ԣε£ʩй

˼շתʩӯҲֱ治ԼʲôֻȻվ˵ߣȥ

ѾӵȥԺ
ŵģʩõǼѾߣ𣬿ɼʩվǰ˵ʲô

Ǹģʶ˲壬Ȼ˴˷£벮ĸԸܷ
ԱߣɪɪĹһѾߡ

Ϸ
ʩȥԼͶϣת¡

ãԲε¶ֶˡʩץʱǸ

ʩӯÿɷתϹŵѾߡ
üǼƽ֮ʩĴѾ߾ơ

㣬Ҽǵþƽ֮İɣҲˣȻ㡣̧ۿʩ˵赭д˼ȴζ

ҵʲôأҪĺ͸һˣձ֣Ͳܼ޸ˣü޸ֶ̫𣿡˵ֵ




35.  ʮ   ⼸Ѿûô

ôô룡Ҳ޴⡣
ʩӯĻ, ͵һʩԼٵ𣬱ͻأ

ԸҲ⣿ʩӯЦЦ

ʩһ, ҧҧ֨ˡ
û뵽ʩӯȻôֱӣ˵ڷϲȷ飬ܡ


ǿǸ, ǰʩӯôõĸ, Ǹöð

ƫƫ, ô׼ʩӯ, , ʩӯѾԸ, ôðһţ
ôһֱڸأ

ǹģǱƵģ

Ա, ϵֲһ£Ŀʩ

۾΢, Ҳ΢

, , ˵ǱʩƵ𣿡ʩӯڵһ仰˵Ѿߡ

Ǿɵɵ, ʩһҲͰˣֱ˵ڶΣ

ʩ, ʲûжԲ
һһģʩӯ˵ԼпЦֿķ

ˣûУ뵽, þȻһֱǺҡʩҡͷ˵߿ϣ϶ǻڼǺҵڻ˺ֵ£ĸûУģ
һ˵Ŀмˣһж·˵һ㡣

ʩӯһֶš

˵ģʩӯ͸¶Ϣл񣬵磬㲻ˡšüʩӯЩͬ΢Ŀ֪żҲܺ˼밡֪ģûʲôۣĪ˵ҲҪĵġ

㰡𼱣壬ô˵ģǱƵ˿϶ᱻģĵžͺá̾һ˵ʩӯ·Щ

ˡ
һԭ̧ʱӷ֣˶ʱȥ΢ȡ

ֹׯܵټ

˵öԣЩڰˣ϶ᱻڳѾߺܻºۼߵ˾Ȼһ֪Ҳְ˰ɡֱֱʩһţߵˣȫˡ

⴦̫һʩǻһæĸǡ

ˣҲ̲ܽϣֻ⼸ʧְѾߣҲǿĸ˵Ļϣ˵޹޵Цһ£˵Ǳˣȥɡ

Ϊĸʵϵ·ʽƫ͡
Щʩǵһμӣһʱ侹ˡǼǵõģǵãˣΪϵĻġ

ʹܷˣǰѾǴˡ

ȷҲҹ̲ܽϣξͷɩˡ˵

ʩŵŵŵĿϣȴ϶Ķһۣű죬ͷ

£ϵ½ˡ

ϴʩ׼ǣʩӯǳȥվſڿǵıӰʱȻ˵㣬ϴûôǡôɺϣأ

ɺϵʩʩ֪ķ࣬ȻͱͱʩһԼɸɾĴ޹

õĻҲʩվתãȻ޴˵εĲ֪ñᡣ

ǡʩӯЦһ˵ˡ

磬㡢һü˵

ʱϺȻڴĻ磬վǶʲô

ˡʩӯϺʩһۣЦ⵭˵Ͷߡ˵꣬Ӿͽݡ

ʩӯٶЩϲ΢գɿڵû˵ʲôֻת뿪Ų΢ء

֥֥ʩ΢֥֥Ů׽ϱӸΪά³ҡ
ո˵Ҫߵ˷ҲͰˣ֥֥а

졣ѹѵ⣬ԼԺȥ

ֹʩ΢Թ˵ˡ

ͣ˽Ųǰ·Ͼˡ
ǸϵĶܹܡ

ʩ⣬ţƵ˵
һ̣类ѹµļַǰĸ׾Ϊ˵ܵܺĸңĿӶһζҪߣ˵ʲô˵ʲô㣬ʲôҵλͺá
ҪôЩһֱֻͨһǰѾߣһﰲŵѾߡԼ뾡취ռŵɵͷȴҪţʲô

Թʩʼ취ô֥֥

ʩ˵Ҳû⣬ڡ

ʩɻܼ֮ҡ

Ҽ޽ʩҵʱǶܼңֻһСˡ꣬游ԭĶܼҾͷ˴ֹкܶǡǲ㲮ĸģʧˡڣٿʲô
˵仰־ֱˡ

æϺʩѾϵ˼һ
ǰǽϰ΢Цڡ

ڣҲ˵
ԺԶЩϸĶʩӯʩЩϷôֻǰû·֮ǰҲ֪İˡ

һʼֻΪʩºŷ˶ߣɸղıֲɵ²⣬ʼգ֮С
ϸû뵽ʩȻϲ

ڣôӡϼȲʹĵ˵

Ϊ˰Ǵų޵֡
ʩӯ룬΢Цϣֻ˿΢Ц

·һɢˡ

˷ǣѲǵˡ

*

ĩʱ˳ϸꡣ
ɣˮɴ׹ڵϣǵˮ

ŵ͵Ĵߴٺ𣬸žǼٵĿ޽ɺܿ͵ȥһ֧᲻

ʩӯվ£ӴһεεѾȥһĻѾǵˣζһġ½½ģһӵʱ䣬ʮˡ
˾Σ˵С롣

ˣһ΢ʩӯȥʩ
ʩӯŲͰԹ

Ȼεĺ޹أΪĲ²⣬ǵĺҪˡʩЩߵˣ۽΢ǲ̡

ʲôϵʩӯתֱãǱ۵ģҪ𣿡
ĿɨʩŵĸѾߣǶ߳ġߵˣڸղűˡ

ҲǱˣʩʩѹ˵

㣬Ҿ㲻Ϊأʩӯ˵


Ȼǲģʩ˵ϵĻ

ͬĿ㲻ԵڶΡʩӯĵԽԶˡ

ֻû뵽ûôʩ˵޹ˡ

˵仰ǰʩʩӯŵģڣһֶţ
ͷҲأһδԣֱԶˡ

תۼչȥʩھ¥ɫҵ

С㣬ȥʱ˵Щȥת־ͱ˴ˡ۵˵

ӻ뿪ʩҧҧ֥֥Ƕȥ

һߣϵҲڰ·˽ˡ
ʮɻ󣬵˭ɵáЩӵʱѾź˺˰ǴԶԶġ

ǱҪϲϲɱˡ
û뵽⼸ѾûôūȻ˴µĴߡ

˵

ʵϣʲôҲɣֻǾãϸǵĳͷ̫˶ѡ
ǰվͷʩĺۼֻΪ˲ϹӣøЩ˶̸ʣûŰˡ

ЩҲˣȥһط

⻹ףʩúõġ
Ȼ֪ϲ׵ķŹҲš

һЩССİš




36.  ʮ   ӯһ㲨⡣ 

Ϣܵ, ɹĻ֮˵ݡ


ʩ

ʩƾͼʩ

ⲢδԤϣøűȤ, ʩǸӰӡ
̫˼ˡ

ŵʱ漰µ˶ʹһ١
ʩָʹΪû֤ݣвûʲô

Ųʧ, һʼûץסǡ
ЩֻֻǱȥһ仰, 㲻ʲôҪ, ץס, Ҳֻɢ, 㲻ʲô

ܳôצ, Ѿˡ
ЩףǾҪİ취ˡ

, Źǵġ

*

ʩӯԼͣЪʱһϢȥ
˵, ʩҶСϲҵճۼŸүҪȢʩС, ӰԼԵ, Ͷ⴫ԣҪƻ׮, ʵǶ񶾡

ԣʩС޹, װףȴԼҽˣʵǿ

һԣټ˷ѽ⡣
ɻ˵Ķ, Ǿͳˡһ棬ʩƴʩӯԣȵ󲿷˶ԣʩСʩ˸ΪĿĲĶŮˡ

Ȼٻõʵǿɶ

̶̼ѣ¾ͷ˸顣
˵֮ǰʩߵѾؼұϹǻͿھȫˣ֮࣬Ѱ·ҪȥԺӡ

ǳϹڳϹıӻʩȻôɣǲ

ŭϣ̸һȴ˪ˡ

ʱʩӯǡȥϣſײϣ󣬾ͼֱֱĿ

磬Ǹúӡ˵ˡ

仰ûͷûβģʩӯЩɻ󣬽ȥϲ֪ϲʩЩ£ϸ֤ݣˡ

԰Բ˵

˵䣬ӽ顣

ѹʩӯֻԼԼ˵¡ָָ˵λҲһ֡

һϲŭĵ˵ͷϸʼˡ

ָķһۣʩӯɻһȻǲڵķ
Դ̫͵ûټˣҲʮˡ

ɢ΢Цŵʩӯǵ˫䵽ֱ治ķۡ
һ׮һ׮֪ģ֮ǰŸ˵Ļ
ϲ

һʩӯһ£Щ֪롣
ôͻϲأǸôأ

Ϊһһû̸ˣʵ̫Ϊˡ
ΪһһֻΪϲΪԲһ𡣿֪Լϲϲš

ϲʲôأ

磬䱻һ£ʩӯ񣬾ͼԼεĿ˵ʲôأ

ͷ˸ʩӯŵŵĪе㲻˼

ЩСŶˣ֪𣿡ϸĶĶ˹ǽ

ɵĵ˵ͷʩӯ˼
Ķ뿪ԼıԷȥʱײɫ㲵ʩ

Ϸ۷еϿɼ΢ۣƺǱ
⸮ֵģֻϡ

ӣǿġ

ʩӯŲһ٣ʩ޻˵
ǵĹϵƺҲ㲻ʲôʱأϸ룬ƺʩǾͽԶˡ


ڻ˺ʩ֪ȴΪʱмһεĹ֡

ǳƽˡʩĿʩӯ˵ֱˡ

ƣң಻ǵǸ
˵Թƣ޶ԣڱƻǳƽˣ
ʩӯȻЦԾЦˡ

޽֮顣ʩʱʩӯ˵

ĳƽʼգûжԲʩʩء
ѾûĽˡ

еΪԺʩѣأ
̰Ĳ㣬ڼʰˡ

ûпʩĽŲһ£Ҳȥֱ뿪ˡ

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Ϣĵʮ죬߳ǣְĳϹүʩѧˡ
˵Ǿѧģ಻ϲϰ䣬οࡣʩѭվһʱ˰Դ

˻ûţһϷɺ䣬޳ͽʩӯԺӡ

ϵղЩ졣
֮ǰ´Ҷ֪ۿˣвɴĸϻ䡣

ʩѭΪʩѧٰһϴ磬ʩӯʱ꣬Ҳٴολ塣

ֻϺͶ˶ڡ

糤ˣǼҵ䱦ǺÿʩѧʩӯЦ˵ȥִȡһֻСӳݸ¡

Լҵûֹʩӯ˫ֽӹú
ʲôأЩ룬ȴֲھʹ򿪿

ǰʱ䷢ֵһɫ飬ɫе㵭ЩС϶ϲұ׼ģ˴¡һ٣ûϸ˵磬Ҹ㣬Щε£ϣֶ塣

ˣôᣬûе£ʩӯһæ˵
ʩѧֵֳΨһŮʩѧСͶܺãʩ¡ںȻ˵ʵɷˡ

ô˵ҲʩѧϹϵ

壬ûʲôģ仰ѣҺͶ㱾ҲûʲôϵӶ׼ƾͼưˣʩӯ˵
˵ˣʩδּӺ

ۿ¶ɫæοʩѧЦЩ˸УǸúӣȥɣȥá

ʩӯԼҵõʾȥ¡

棬ʩѧʼʩѭ䵱ʷ̾

ʩѭĪҪ˵롣

һˣ漮ݣףҲб£ѾƷҺͷ˵ˣͰ絽ʩѧȻ˵

һʩѭ϶ˣ

ˣټ޵ǺݵԶҲáʩѧ̾˿˱ƺȻһЦѵ˵ЩŮֿ޹ȥܶҲŮĸˡ

˵ʩѭһ£ûڶ˵ֻٱ

ݡ
Ǹʲôطأʩӯȥ룬ȴֻܻμЩЩ֡
λϷߣطƫԶкüۿڣ˳Ŵ󴬹Ƿ֡

ǵǱߵܺóԣҳԷܶ࣬ʩӯ룬Ȼеˡ

죬ʩѧˡ

ԽƽϢʩȴٳˣʩӯżײͼԭŵУȻ˻֮ȥ
ڴŻݿ󣬾͸Ũˡ

¶ˡ
ۿŸˡ

ˣʩʧ

Һθɣʩӯǻش赭дģȴûеЦ⡣
ò˵ڿʩʹʱЩʹġ

ã

ʱʩӯΥյ˸żϢ
һ¿ľ¥ɲɵģ˵ӾǴӻǱģó㡣

Ϣʱʩӯһ£ٻ䵱źȻ֣ŵҵľ¥ζἰġ
Ϊʲô֮ǰδֹģ

ƿţڵ깫Ӱվڴߴǹ׿˹׵ķӯһ㲨⡣
ǻϲӡ




37.  ʮ   ʩ˶ñ

ĳˡ˵, תߵ¡̧ۿʱɢЦɣһָĿ

ˣʩӯüһ̧, ߹ȥ£ոռʱеǵŤ֪ɢЩ
һкһǰδı

һģ, Ծʮֱ׳ɸ̫Ϥ, һ۾Ϳ۵׵, һЦ

΢΢գ, ʩӯ, , ʲô°
ȷˡʵμеᣬĸŻ֮ǰǸĴ, ûأ

û¾Ͳ㣿ŷʣ鵭, ֱֱĿ


ܰ͵ۿ, Ȼ˵
Īø, ŸʲôһĺǼ

ǡźЦһаʩӯСûĵ, Щӵǵľ˯ãСѾͷһھʲô¡
ʲô£

벻뿴֣

ʲô֣ʩӯʶ˵, Щʡ

ʩʩġ˵ȴû˵ʩӯ֪ʼĩͲȤˡ

ǣʩӯ۾һʶ׷, ô£

ȥȥЦſֱʵ

ȥʩӯӦøɴ

ӦžʹһЩƾɵ

Ƚȥŷ֣ƾɵֻʵ沼õʮ¡
ЩСʩӯ˿ǰУ΢ȣأ

ţŴ˿һ£ŵ˵

˿ʩӯûвԼһŵķɣʣҪȥĶ

ȥ֪ˣԽ͸Ե΢Щƣ˵ֱиŵġ

ʩӯԴ򿪣ֵĶϲģ̲סЦһ¡
һȻ룬ԼˣΪϲĵأΪԼϲñ˼סأ

ЩСһ㸡ǰ֪ʲôʱ𣬲ںʱεأֻҪǺθһ׼Ķƺϲġ
ǰûжֻΪɺϣڻȻ

ϣôɺϡ
һ˰ˡ

ƽȵһ·ǰУһʮְУͣһǽŵ⡣

ʩӯЩ£ִ˴ӣʵ

һŸ
ڣ˲ԵЩСˡ

СһʶԼС㣬Ҫ֪òøϸųȥ

бǸ𣿡˵ſͺá

˵ͷʩӯƿӿһۣžֿţȻȻҪǸղŸҪһ·
ⲻҿ룬̧ۿŵʱ򲻿ƵľʹЩ

·ڿһɵӡ

ɼףѡ
Ⲣһջʩӯڴ·ųβʲôҪǰŻҳֻܲˡ
ˣοﳤĹӸ硣


Сûĵġſʩӯҧ˵仰

ʩӯˣ仰Ϊʲô䵽Լϡ

ûʲô;һµĵ

գգۣʩӯʾԼš
Լи²⣬ɲȷ

źһЦЦ˵ֻ任Щ
Դ֮ǰ˻˺ǻºʩӯͲϲԾ̫һͻ᲻ԾЩšһԼܶûעˡ

˵ʩӯȴұֵĺ𣿡
⣬ʵԼҲˣû뵽žȻѾ֪ˡ

ʲôװ⣬ɻʡ

װɵʩӯûĵһۣ˵װɵ

δʩӯĻǴε飬Ų׼˵׼ʱ򣬾֨ѽһĲűˡ

ˡһֻ˳Ŀʱ򣬰ƿһ죬ʾʩӯȥ

ʩӯ΢΢ףĿȥ

ֻһ۵ȻӽŽȥζһζʩӯǿˡ
ǡ
ӣǡ

֨ѽһϣʩӯĿš
ʲôѯʣͼҡҡͷѹ˵ٵȵȡ

Щɻ󣬾ͼյʱһˣ˫ۡ
⴩ŷɫȹ΢۵ˣʩ

Ǻʩ
ôյһȥˣ

ô°ʩӯ˵Ǻ漫ˣʶק˸ŵ䣬չȥ

ӱקֱ֮һΣɨȥһֻۣɫָԼɫϣĪϲ
һһŮô£ֱۣѹ˵


ʩӯ۾ոܣǸʩǽˣڿŵ˼ȻܵǸ

ʩǽһˣ

ʩ˶ñ




38.  ʮ   ƺһ¡

Ҳ̫̼˰ɣ
ʩӯס, ʶƵ۾ȴ̲סתתȾ棬˷ܡ

Ȼ, ʵֻи̼û̼
ֹһ, ʩӯǴԺһ𣬸ŲŴ, Ҵҵȥ, ĳסЩǱʩ

ʲôʩӯ˻θŵ, ۰Ͱ͵ĿŸ, Ĳ, ҪǴ￴ʲô

Ҫ˵Ц


ǻǲҪˡʩӯһº, ˵žͼǴ, ȴ

ʱԭϵĽѵһ, һڴ׳Ѿܳҿ˿, ûзֺźĻȥ

۾һʩӯ, ǲǶˣ
Ƕճ, ͱӡ

˵ͷűʾ¶ˡ

죬ȥſʩӯЩ˷ܵ˵, ֮ǰûٴ棬ǵλԸɲôЦ⣬෴ʮֵĶ
һλƽ̵һĴڡ

֪Ǳץסʲô³

һӣžͲµ뷨ü΢΢һתȥš

ڴĵ˺һͼŻ󿪣һƲۣϸڴȴɼݻʻѾߵӵ°뿪
ʼգûκʧ˿ֵĵط

⣿
вʧʩӯӣЩ˷ܵЦɢȥ

ңǴſʱЦˣղʩӯ˵Ҫ֪Ŀģ֪ǿֵġ
ۿƻ̲סһֱţԻˡ

ʩӯûעνңûЩģɨһ۸ţСԹô˵
׸һ

ʩ׼ӽˡµתƻ⣬׼ʩӯĺģ˵绹û֣˵ҪҪһ£

۾һʩӯʱ˼ǲҪˡ

ţ̧ۿʾ˵ȥ

оʩ˶֡ʵʵ˵Լ˼̲סЦЦִŵʣʩΪʲôҪô
ǱֻԼǵüҪɫĴ¾飬ϸ벻ġʩ͸һаĽʩϻ٣ʩ޸־ġ

Щ඼ˡ
ʩڻ˺챻ʩƣȻ޸硣һľȻ־ģȻɳ˺£ȴ޳ҡʩһıŮŮȻĪʼ

ֵֹġ

ѵν֮Ӱô

˭֪ءĵ˵ûиʩӯ֮ǰĻ˺Ů¾ʩɵá

ǾͲߡ˵Ȼֵʩƺ˶ߣ֪ô

ףʩӯе㾪ȣ־ò⣬Ǿ;ˡ
ŮŮ以˺̫

ţӦһпʼĥôʩ
ڱʩӯɲŹ

ôûأʩӯЩ֣ôҲһӣôܰɡ

ΪֶĲˡŴ˵˵ЩĶ
Ϊһ£ɢּ˴룬ֻ¼Сආˡʩƺ˵ģڱ֮ǰһѽ

˵ֻЩС£ʩӯȴ֪еѣɾ̾Ŀʮ֮Ͽҵ˵

ԣһͣȻ󲻿Ƶ˹ǿάסƽ˵ãлޡ

̲סüۣʩӯЦ
ˣȻղ뵽һ⣬˵֮ǰڻ˺ʩǼ£ʩ𣿡

֮ǰʶΪʩģϸʩæʩװΣɹƵĿƺ

û뵽ȻŶһ£ԥһʵʲô
ֱ˵Լʩӯֶ̫ӡ

˵ĲǣʩӯȻȻЦ氡Ǹ˺ôǰҳ˿Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪʩ֡

ֻǺ棿
ǲԤϵĴ𰸡xhskl

ҡĬһ£Żѡ˵ʵɫ⣬ȴһֱʩӯϣע仯


ʩӯסˣǣ㣿Ϊʲô
ӳУźʩ޳Թ̲סɻ󲻽⡣

򴽣û˵ѵҪֱ˵Ϊ𣿣

ȵȣʱʩӯӦ˹ɲʣҪҳ

µˣ
Ϊֵĵ˵ͷתͷʩӯ۵ײڴȴķӦ

С΢ţʩӯˣɾ֮Уȴֲǵϲá
ڲ֪£˻ĺѲлϲ

⣬Ϊʲôô֪᲻ġʩӯһ£Щ֪ʵ
д𰸣ɻſеǷݡ

ʱû룬ֱӾ+ȥˡɨһۣ֪˵˭۵һֻлЩ졣

ʱ
תһȦʩӯƵĲĳЩ룬ͺˡ
ǵԼʱҩƺƺ˲䣬ֽŶ̫ʵ

رǳĸһʼֻ̫ˣûж룬ʩӯϺεȴ
ֻþؿڴļƺһ£¹ȥôãǵõʱֻĹҵ֡

ʵǣʵǣ
æ˼ٶ롣

ңоͳĬ

ǳǳĺʩӯԽĲڣ͵۳˸һԣ촽΢Ҹ⣬ɻϺӲǿ˿ڣֻóĬ

֮£ֻĻ㲻ϵĴĳƮıǼ⣬ټǶαѹĵȴֲķļ䣬Ƶ
ʱͣ

ˡ

˼Ӳ縵ţʱҲ̲ס΢΢˿ɵȵʩӯȥԼ뿪ȴֹסȻʧ

ˣʱѾ߳Ȼͣ£ʩӯƿӺЦؿɵȶϸ˫ۺȴһܿ࣬лл㣬ңҺܸˡ
˵֣꣬߬߬ϸŵ˫ۣЦЦЩŵķˡ

·̻ըŶĿѾ̲סĹ
л

ԸģʩӯֶαӣѾܿˡ
ղǱŤȴĪЩճķΧʱЦĸˡ

δڰ

*

ʱʮ£˺ͽĻھС
Һ죬ŵƽʡ

ϲУʩӯŮϯ̲סʩ
Դ֮ǰԴиһ׮ºʩѾûˣû뵽쾹Ȼ֪Ϊ֮Ŀ

ʩӯǲ⡣
ʩǵ飬ûʲôڽ֮ʱʣҲעĿ۲ֹˡ

תһϯϲûʩӰҲǣ飬һҿûϵҲ֪Ǻ顣
ңʩ׻ôأ




39.  ʮ   ˺ü꣬ڵüƿ

ʲô¶ƲѾߡ
Ǵ, ͵£ҪģǲĵѾߡ

ڡ
ǺʩڽĻ, һȺŮһСģ˸š

ʩվȺ浭Ŀţʩ˫ĿĿߵѾߡ

һѾݹ, ǰɹͺȾƣ, һƬž
Ѿˡ

̧ס, ʩӯԼһСֱӵ˵Ц˳
ֻʹĺ, ʩ͵͵

Աһ, ΢΢ҡͷ

ʩӯգգ, æЦ⣬𾪡

, ˫ĿһʩҴһӺ, Ȼ͵Ľָϵ˲ʵ, ٴѶϢ, ֮ŷ֣ŸʡµŮ, ںİ˷𣬿ɽǾͳˡ
, ⻵˵

˵䣬üΧ
֮ǰߵĻ棬Щ󸾹ŮǶǰ, Щȴ

أ

ǸӺݻˣһָͬ𣬱ѿɫʱֺࡣ
黹δֶαҪȸ״˵

ò˵ǷӦʵǿ죬ʱֻʩٶȴû
ֻһӵĻĽ͵ȷ˵ĹȥټϣýսӭȢ¸˵ûνĴ˻Ҫǰȥİء

ˣȻǻ˺ˣȻҲпܰ
ϾҪһź׼ңɲô׵顣

һ鵽ΣͲ̫˵ˡ

Աߣʩӯ͵ȥʩͼɫ

ҹҹɫã췱貣ȴĹ͡
Ǻͽ粻ʱϵڳʱ䣬ͿİһȺߣϣǲҪ˵

ֵϯٿѾɢ븮ĵĺȴڲס

ٴֿһͱߣʩӯֻźȻе븵ˡ
ڣ϶֪ʼĩģ

룬Ҫ֪ʩ³

ţⱻһ£ʩӯƿӣͼСһСֽ˵Ǹġ

ǳ˫ʶģСɲֽ

ʩӯһͼǸԼţдʱص㡣
ɵЦü䣬ĺܡ

Σͣ£һȻ˵Ȼô˽ңǡ
˵Ż˴ߵЩӣ۽üҴŵ˿⣬ȴƭ˵ġ

ڶ죬һƬƽʲôϢûд
ʩӯлȻε£ƣʩè壬Խ˵ʲôϢҲѹǻѹϢ⴫뵱ȻģֻҪЩ˲Ͳ˵

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֮ǰҥ֮£ȷܿøţδڱƷԱ˵ſŮȻġڣֻҪʩӯ͸һԾͻһֱ˼ţ͸븵֮ͻ˲²ⲻϡ
һ£ˣΣ˷ʤ

ʵǲԼŮƫƫʩӯۿŶǸŵȷʮֵкøУǡ

ǷģǸүֳˡ֪Ϸգ˵

ţϿ֣һ

ּңסһլɡֵ

⣬ҲС˼Լ¡

*

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ʩﱻ˽գƫԺѺѾߣڳ顣

ڲ֮¡

С˳ȥʩӯգգۣ⣬һô¡


ߵĸţǴŵ˭ߵģ
ˣ͵һ䣬Ҳʹ

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ҡŲһۣ赭д˵

㰡ʩӯʵʱԼµһ㣬ڵ֪˴𰸣һȣЦ߸˵Ŀ޵ɵúá
ˣʩǵ»ô˾֪

ЦĸˣҲЦ⣬¸ˣ

ˣʩӯЦǺǵģڸǰֳСۡ
û취̫Ϥˡ

еЦԽԣҳ硣

̧һɨʩӯ׼˵Ͷ˸ŵ˫յϵĻһͣԴһʱͰԼҪ˵Ժ

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ʩӯȴ㶼ƲֻǰüЦꡣ

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СŶ˲㣬ŴһҰ

΢һʩӯŻ񣬾ԼղžȻ˵æػߣ΢΢ܿ
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Ȼſˡ

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Ŀ治ʱ

ˣ˵ôʩأʩӯһתԼ֮ǰ⡣

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Ҫڸв飬пܵװŹȻʩ

ʩӯ૵Щʧ
ԼǵдԽŮQãһֱŮ˴Ӻ󣬲ŻŽİȥڣһжˣʩۿҲҪǰ³ˡ

νŮһ꽫˿Ϊ·Ů⣬һ㶯ûС
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ڴ֮ǰżѾȷʩαȻˣھȻˡ
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Ǵˣ̰ɫ֮ڴ֮ǰǺʩʣʩһ湴ĿԶΪһĿԸ

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֪׽ʩӯ
ǵԭУûʮһ꣬ɵΪʲôȥģȴˡ

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Ϊʲôģ

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һֱעϺʩѭǷģǰʱʩӯԵӿǣƫƫô飬˸ţûŪΪΣֻܷ£ۿָֻˣһǻĸɿˡ

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ʩӯܾ׮ûô׳ɣɵһħһɣԶڻݱ߳ĶǲӺεİʩţӲƽµİ˻Ρ

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ʯȻֱȴɵ˲Ժֱϲ飬Ͳ鵽ʩ壬Żһ׮¡һһ˵ϻڲİŪƿһ

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ȥʱûʲô»ԼʱǲΪǶ⣬ټʲôأ

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֮ǰҲͰˣϾھǣεԶڻݣѵ˹ȥˣ

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ߵһһʩӯܾøź޲ҪƵġ
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̧һɨֺһСƭӣĺëô
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ţ׷Ķ߱Լջߣ˵ջȥŲ𣿡

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޹ֵ

ŻƿһһһӵģҲӷ

ʩӯһͲͷˣתȥſڴ߿Ŵϵ֡
һûһ˵ţʱ䲻֪ľ͹ȥˡ

ȵʩӯȥҲ˼ӣʾ޺ˣžվƿݸʩӯ

⧲֮£ʩӯʶӹЩµĿŸš
æһĶԭǸģ

˵ΪʲôҪ˶ʩתתŻûԼղű»Ļ

ʩӯֻշȣʶƿŷɫһסԼգֻһ˫۾֦գգĳŸЦ

۲Σɸ˵ģȴĨӡ
ſһʱסˡ

ҲŲҪ˵ʩӯ׳ЦǺǵ˵һˡ
ʱ˵ɵȵʧ̬ʱĵӷˡ

˵˾ܣٲҪ߶һ䣬ﻹǵá
ʩӯղĨߵЦ

硪ú૵̾һ۵ЦǴ棬
˺ü꣬ڵüƿˡ

*

Դӷʩӯ̬󣬸Լʱ͸ڿˡ
̤࣬ձ֪ǰꡣ

³һ𶯳Ұ

ѧӾס

ŭŴ丵ŶΣ٣ѧʿʿǰȥϼӲ顣




40.  ʮ   죬̧Σʮ졭

ˬ, ơ
ĺʩӯȻԸڼɹɹ̫, ѰҾ¥һķ䣬߳Ų, Űԣɽ, ȴ˳, ž΢ķͤ, ͱ

Ĭһ·ƽ, Ŀ͸Զȥ

, ֱǵӰ󣬲ŷӡ

, ɣʩӯھ¥ʱ, İҲɾʣż̧, ȴ˸ʱ, ĺȻҲЩˡ

Ҳ֪ԶݣǺ, ʲôʱܻأ

һγѺʩӯȻ, ˰Լؿڡ
Īǣν˼

֪˼ʱž⡣
ϲϸ

ɻ﷭, ʩӯһĳ˿룬ҪŪԼ˼롣

֪Ѿаˡ
תʩӯоѣĵƵʱЩ㶵ģԹһȻһ˺Ρ

ոաε˸š
Ź߰ɫۣüĿӱͦվڴǰͷЦᡣ

һھ¥żãʱģ

ģˡ
Ҳģϲˡ
ʩӯһȻûЩԥ¶˾ġ

ڴϴ˸ûסҹ𴲣īִʣʼдš
ֽһһţ⡣

̫

̫ˡ

òá

Σʩӯֻд˵һУȻװߣȵһ˼˳ȥ

*

֪ݸ
ҹɫȴٵ룬ߣͼִҴҹЦ⣬Щ

ӣʩСšЦе˵СİѲеȡ
ݸţͷһգ̧ͷһѾ˸

һȷŵ
ʩӯϲģȴģ˵дῴԱҪúϰ

˵ˣΪ档
ӻг񣬸ŴҴһطţֻһۣ˾סˣҲǳǳı죬һ˫۾ȴľˡ
ǡ

ʲôʱ

һ仰ѡ

ȴø޹ġ

ʩӯ£ھʹȻû£
Ҳܡ

ڵ

Ӧǰɣ

շշת࣬յĴ͸һ̶ûټֻ޲ؾʩӯʸ

νĻûʧˣ롣

ãѹļ¶СİֽպãЦ̾һĥˡƫƫʱš
˵ҲΪʩӯŻŵġ

ȣҲ˯ˣֿʼ鿴
Щ£Щȥˡ

Զھʩӯɲŵ뷨ӣһһģۿž¹ȥһ룬ʱ򣬸Żˡ

˴εĻ֮ҧ˲ͬ飬ϸϸǽһϵˡ
ǰĶѾսڱǰĴڣѾȥ㣬Ѿ׵ĴѹȥۿţѾûз֮ˡ

Σǲ˶ǰȥŴεװ
һʱ˼˵˲١

û䣬µģǶˡ

ոߣǷ粨սǡ
ʹˣиһƫƫû»ãʱĳ£¾Ҫ׵ˡ

֣Ļʺ󣬶ܵӰ

ջʺ岻Эʩӯ̽
ùãôŻʺȹЦӯӯڵתһȦ

ãáʺĻ֮ǰɫϲЦտ˵ĺܣ˵֮ǰɫó㣬Ȼˡмȥԡ
еŮӸȣŴɫȹ԰ƿһֻ˾֫ˣӯһաĺã٣ɫ˻ʢױֻһЦĵ޶Ŀ

ȻǶ͵Ůˣϲޡ
ڣͳ䵱ŻʺޣĴ׺

ʩӯ²ۣԾΪ˺ԼҹùøˣҲƴˡ

һһѣùŮ̺Ŵµױʰ
һ磬ҲŰѻʺ·׶ѡ

ùţۼŻʺûмȥ˼ʩӯĵ˿ʺߣ˸ղŵ·
ӣʽ
һ˵ţɢŻʺ˼ֶ

ȵ磬ʵæ˹ۼŻʺģҲЦֱӴֱʵʹһѶʩӯߡ

ʩӯǺ󣬻ʺ˲ֱӰӳǰ͵˹ſڡ
˶裬¼λѫۡУΨˡ

ۿۡ
ѾóڣչС˵С㣬ǰء

ԣʩӯûӦѾ˳̽ͷȥ

յ̫ůůϣɹģǰ·ǣվȴͦһ˫۾ȣֱֱĿʩӯ
˿;ʮƣ̬

Ŀ̫Ҳ̫רעʩӯ۽һʶܿȴֲᡣ
ˡ̽̽Ц

Ц绨˫
ֻһ֪ж࿪ġ

ǳǳЦӴ˲䣬ֻԼһƣɢˡ
泩

һˡŷ˹ȥʩӯһ࣬˵Ż

һô˳𣿡ʩӯæ

ֻ˵˳⵽Σգѣһֲᡣ

һһģ֪ȻѾ˳Ϲ⡣

ͣ£ʩӯţʱôô죬Ӧ𣬿ɿŸţȴȻЩˡ

յšʱҲͣסתͷʩӯ

ʩӯһ£ŸŷīȻ;Щţʶƿߣ㱼·Լٵ

յ˾ͺáԴκģ˵

ߵĳջ׹ӻȥ޳񾱸һ㱡ķɫ
ůΣɷǶˡ

һĻ˰µģȻͶˡ
ʮյ·̣͸ϻˡ˵ʩӯش˵ȥɣҸջؾͽ˹Ҳûȥ밲ˡ

źã·Сġʩӯգգۣʶش
ȵˣŷӦŸղһϯ˼

˵Ѿھظ
Ϊһ仰

硣ŵȻʩӯһ̧ͷŷָոѾ߳ȥüֻˡ

Тڹˣףòãߵǰ̧ͷʩӯ˵


仰̫ͻأҲֱ̫ӣʩӯסˡ

áһᣬֻչ̣ȴעŸţͬ档

ŶʱЦˡ
ҡ˵

ڵϷ˿֪Ȼ˵죬ԼǰԼҵŮ
ʩӯظ֮󣬾ͷָϵ˷ˣϲһʣ֪ʲô

ձٳϹʩѭѽͳλӽ
Ҳ˵ʱʮ꣬һ˹Ȩ

֮ǰϹȻʥȴɢڼңմȨøϵİ

ϢʩӯæȥԼҵԺеϲһ̧ۣͼԼҸɫݣһ
һӰЩҲ侲

ȷһͳλãֵü

ʱʮ꣬ΪΡ
뷨һʩӯûϸ롣֪ʼĩҲԣοΪԼ

һƺһȴЩͬˡ

*

㱼䣬һȥѾТڣʩӯҲѾʮˡ

УһТھýţΪӸȢϹŮʩӯ

Ц̫У֪ȴٷԣ⣬ˡ

㾫ĹѾ̬ԣ˵Ե㣬˶ļС
иһŻ갡

ģϹֹӦ׮¡
ŵʢʢ˴֮λ˼͸ɶģϰ֪öóϷĲſͺʩӯżҪý̤ˡ

¶£ͶСˣڱͶ˰¡

õϲУԶ޻ݵʩϢĻ˳Ϲ֮Ϣ׮ϲЩ
ԹѸݻġ
ǰãɷڽ˿ʱСսֱӾʹϼױ˾ǡ

Ϣûǵʱ˾Ѿˡ

Ϣϵͺˡ
ʩӯҲЩΪʩԶ֮󣬾ͻʧУû뵽ȻɹѸˣ

ãòɺãɫȹһɫʩݣ˫ᣬޱȡ˵ʩӯ֣ʵ

˻
ʩӯֻԼеۣ֮ǰʩ㣬ִŰǸŮҲʱ䣬ôͱһҡҷС׻ˣ

ڿʩʱʩӯɵþ˸ǵҵʩ
Ҳֹ֪ô

ʩĻûӰʩӯϵĳǴԺУټˡ

߹
֪Ѿˡ

ʮˣϼգ˻Ȣסլ

ʩӯʱҹɫδɢ
ӵ㣬ߡѾΧϴ£ĿȥĿĳɫ

æˣѾɼء

ΪĬһᵽβȣ黰˵˲ԼԶ֣ΪͷָϷڡ

챦ΪۣɫʯװΣ飬һֻֻ߱ˡ
Ӻԣν޼֮

ۼϲῴʩӯٿס֡

úӣԺǴˣҪ̨úõģҲ£Ҫίͻ߶߶άֲסԼׯ󷽵̬޲ʩӯģⱲӶ˳˳ǡ

һģ֪Ҷ֪ʩӯûסѾһæ׼ۣ֬׼ϡ

úӣĪޣĪޣϲӣɲܿޡ˵Ӳס˷˫ۣʩӯ

ǰԺԽĽˡ
ůˡ

ʩӯƽһȴɵý
ſ쵽ˡ

Ǿʱ̫죬ʱӭ׵˾͵⡣

ʩӯ棬ûΥ̧ͷֻգգĴ͵ۡ
ŵݼ˳Ϲĳӵӣ˲һ̻壬Ҫȥˡ

СҪޣʩʩ޲ͻˡ
ʱʩΪ֣ǰʩӯҪϽΡ

ϲУʩӯ·ϵȴܻͷ

ᶯĬĬ
δңѾʼˡ

ŵȻӵʩӯ𣬡Ҿòã

Ȼٺòˣ
ʩӯзϲɫǰȴøӦֻ΢΢˵ͷ

磬ʩҲǳ˵۸㣬ͻ֪𣿴ѵ

ǺǡʩӯЦˣļǰæС˵磬⻰ոҲ˵ˡ

ţʩЦ⣬ȴ嵭
Ȼòûˡ

ʩⱲŮ֣ɵʩӯŮŮʩѭϲѣߵ֣޵ײ㡣
ȻϣʩӯϣмǸȴԾޡ

ʩӯʩӯ
һΨһеŮʩѭϣҪúҲ֪Ůĳ谮

ѾǵӵУԼĴ˻Ρ

죬̧Σʮױ
ʩӯڽϱεκ֪˶ãͣˡ

һƵһ£һֻؾ޳Ĵʩӯһַۣȥ

԰ӷ½Σһ·ǰС
ݹأ붴

ͷ˽ƣžһ

žʩӯ
磬ڣֻɤƵϴϢȥǰ͡˵Ż˵Ұѳˣ¾ֱӷԸ

ʩӯκģֲ֪룬ֻһζĵͷ

ŲʧЦͲסĹȥһģ˵ãȢˡ
˵껰ٵ飬ˡ

ԼٶƬ̣᲻뿪ˡ

ۼȥһ޹Ѿ˿æǰźʩӯϴȻ˵š
Ͷˣɶĺ֮ڵѾûʲôθˣ˵㡣

һæʩӯʱԼ·תתϤЩ
һ죬۵ĺˣûһڴϲС˯˹ȥ

УһϤĲľڱǼ⣬Ȼѣŷָӵרעޱȵע

Ϣ

һһأţ׹˲ӿĺӵס

룬ϵĽѾ˯һЦãΪʰһ˯ȥ

ȻһΡ




41.  ʮһ   ں뻹ü𣿣

֪ǸΡ
Ȼ֪±ͺ֡

һ̨
췽Բ, Ų̨ףһʿָ£һһ롣

µ˷·Լ, ȴ֪ǲǣֻǸ͡

Ը𣿡Լʵ

ֿ, ϴȻԡзɨ, ֿ

Ǿͺá˵

ԭҡǸʵ۰, Ż㱼, Щɻ, ֪⵽Ǹʵۣ

ı, ȡһ, 򿪺滭ŵĺȻʩӯݡ
, 㶿ã˵, ܺ, һ

̾һ䣬ϲ, ƱִԹ

ʵϲ磿, Ȼ˫ۡ
Ѿȼɫ͸ڵϣ˼ȴ

εô£

Ǹʵ۵˭

ô£

Ҫģڵ, ģ
˭Ź˵ġ

ˣ

*

ѽʩӯ¶һȻһ£æС磬ǲˣ
˵䣬Ь̽۴⡣

ۼųʩӯΰ˿
ûãû꣬Ҫ»ͷһ죬˵¸趼ˣǾ̫ˡ

Сæǰʩӯ½˵СĪʱž裬һء

̧һɨСɫʩӯЩΪ죬Ҳû룬æϴ
ɵȵѾˣȴЩ졣

㱼䣬ʩӯȻһ£ģҲˡ
ƺ˲ӡӡ

ϼҲ١

ôô磿ţŵʩӯ̧ۿȥɵõһۡ

Ȼ˼ǰۣЩԣȿֺʹգԼԲԾѾߣ΢΢һ룬ͻȻˡ
飬ҲЩ˼

ȷеˡ

Ǹ⣬źǷСһʩӯǼ£ֿ

ţǰԺ衣
һ·ϣϸϸĸʩӯһʵҲûʲô˵ģʩӯ඼֪

ּҶ꣬ѾѾֳȥĳǲģֵܳģҲ͸ˡ
ɩӣһֶֶŮǡ

ֻҪˣ΢Цͺá
ʩӯһȻˡ

ĸ˲裬ֺ沴˸棬֮ǰӷΪѸΣɵ֮ŷˣӷֻӡ
Ȳ׽ҲԶ

ʩӯڣԾͱ˺һ̬ȣֻ֮ˡ

ֱʵĸһֶֶŮǷ˼񣬱ĸҲһɵֶֻ
ֵһǣһТڳ֮ĸ׾Ϳʼ£꣬δ˶ţ뿴Ҹء

һʱ䣬ʲôûֻʩӯϤԺеˡ
ʩӯתתȴܾˡ

תʲôͳҲס˼죬Ǹ˼ʲô˵

ԣʩӯ۾ĬĬһգգĿ
⻰ʲô˼յߣ

֮һȭľ롣

ʩӯ׻ǲϰߺ͸ſ̫

һɨΪޱߵĺ챦黨
ţ׺˵ʱ䣬ͰǷֳȥ˵

ɵһϲʩӯ̧ۿŸţ˵ģ̫ˡ

ۡѾ׼ˣǾȥҪʲôģǰˡŴݵİţְѿԼ˻

ѽʩӯһ£ЩŵĿ̫Ϥ
͡

ԼȻ£ٿؾͺˡ

ʲôźЦûٿ°ŵָֻȻһʮָһ

ûסһ£ʩӯЩôʲô

ҲҪŷֱ׳˵òܱˣҲŲҪɿ

ţʩӯƲ˵ʲôģߵĲУƤôôˡ

ˡһ˫ˮձ鲼ϼΣһȥһ£ô㻹˵ңʵԩ

ֱ׳ʩӯ۵İ˺ü죬֪Ѿϰ

ҹɫ
ʩӯ˯㣬˯˲ʵϲŶϲšſ˺Цƿ˱ӣһһİ˹Լڻ˯ȥ

˯ǰΪʩӯϰߣǷ˯á
ҪϣϰߣһദѾһ˺͸ŻǰҪҲֱ׳ࡣſֻϲ
󶼻ᵽ

ˡ
ŷԼֳǸԼαŪ׸֮˵ݣǰ

ǰĵطʮϤ
˺һⲻԺ

Һ죬ǰĿںϲʮ죬㶼ǳ͢ԱЩͬš

䡣˸к˵ͷڻӦ

д
˾ȻζУΧһлˡ

Σ룬Ǹ˭ɽ˾ȻԼ
ôˣ츽һ

̲ס룬Һ죬˳ɻ飬˭
Ϊ⼸긮ҪôТҪôЩɻֶݲЩͬأеȫԲϡ

ָоǶԳɻ˺ܹؼΪڸոյУܲá

š
ŷʩӯʱһ̧۾ͿӶˡ

ѣʩӯٻصԼסʮĸۡȻо˾ϲ

Լ׻˽ʩӯĵЦ
Һ㰡˵

㰡ɻˣ˵ϵĶȴἫˡ

ʩӯߺ׻ϲϲǰ渵һ˶һλˣλӣѹ
ȴЦɣ̬ȹ

Ů/õЩҲû̫Ϊ
ֻ˵¡

ĶǴˣ䣬˱˴˵˼

׼ѡˡʩѭ

ƮƮһ仰ڵˡ
ӣѡãǱ̫ӣδӡҲζţҪˡ

ѡϵĶһ٣ǲȡ
˶֪һڣǡ˶ѡ

ʩѭҡҡͷû˵
˵仰ҲΪѸŰˡ

űҲû׷ʣȴȻ񣬲ɵǰյǸΡ
Ǹʵۡ

ҹǸԼ
Ū˳ɻ֮˭ʩӯ͸

Ȼ֮䣬ԼʼǸΡ
ǸĺĺʩӯȴãֻܿŵΡ

ʹϻ۷ǳЩʱ㹻ʲô
ʩӯаûڣͽ飬ԡ
ǸΡ

һʼǲŵģȫ޷һԼ޴ȻʩӯϸͣͶˡ
ʱŸ߰ԼΪɫ಻мڴˡʩӯʡǸ֮ǰǾʩӯȤȴҲûʲôϡ档

ֱǸΡ

ſʼʩӯ棬Ȼӽֱ᲻¡
һ󣬸ԵĸлǸлִţлǷ

ۿŻеʩӯʧõ䱦ҹߣ۵

ȵʩӯţʼ飬ųʱ䣬һ¡
ȻЩε˶ȷ˵һǸʵ۵ôһ£

иӣһĲ롣
ˣǻ˸ȥ顣
֮ǰΪ֮գһֱڰ׷飬Ĩʵ̫ɾټΪ˱⾪һ

ڣȻӦû˼·
ǰ㣬Ӧò׾졣֮ǰΪδֻҳĸݡڣ뵽һܡ

˵ĸףӵŸҵѪŻ͸ҵ˳ء
ΣҪ

ǴҪġ
һ죬źȻ˵ҲΪԼʩӯһ

*

ٰº󣬸ŲòȥŵĴ䡣
ֵ󳯻ᣬվڽ֮£βɨĻʵۣиԡ

Щ죬ÿ춼Ρ
ǰڹȥ֮ζʵǻ

ûԼ룬ֻ˵ĵ

һ¹󣬸ſ˳Ϣ

һһţĿ꣬ģһ
дʼĩȻĺӣĸףȻﳼ֮Ů

ôˣĸ˭ַʲô

ȥ顣

ɻһ¹˼ңźʩӯסͰźõĸլ֮С

ױƷ裬ͻ
ʩӯϰ˻ϰ˸ŵǺ飬Ȼż죬ɸȴֻһ۰ˡ

𽥱䣬һ˸ʩӯţ˵ʩɱˡ
ɱʩ

õʱʹԼһֻյŵʣʲô
ɱˣôɴ䣬򵥴ֱ

ʩݣϸ˵ù⣬ϾֻǶǵһҰˡ
ɱˣ۷

δ̲ʩӯٴյϢʩԾˡ

ʵ̫ƣʩӯ˵ǲΪ˸˸Цɿһжġ
ʩˣʩҲˡ

һԽŮһŮݲճˡ

ȵûؼңʩӯЩ㱡
ΪʲôקŸŵӽģ˵֮ǰʩӣΪҪһǻڵǸôôȥɱʩأ

ʩķʩġſԼӣۼͰͣҲͷȵ뷨ɢĻشʩӯ

ʲôʩӯ־ˡ

˵ʼĩò˵ʩʩͦҲ˵ʩЩĲ˳⣬ԽŤʩķˡ

˼ǣʩܺãʩӯ૵˵

ŵ˵ͷЩʩΪ׾ͻϲˣȴҲ̫⣬÷ȥ롣

˶ܺáʩӯ
ʩ˶£ʵֻҸһĶõ˰ˡ֮ǰøǣǡԣǸǡ

һУʩˡ
λؾǣֻΪ˱

һ⣬ʩӯһСˮָֻܿƽ

ؽԽæˡ

ʩӯʱûϵæµʲôֱ³գºȻ˴ּ͸Ŵ˹
ͬʱлʺߵĴŮʩӯҲ˹

ʱʩӯò֪ĵʲôϲȷ˵Ǿš

ĸʩӯ߸˵Ľ˳ɸһ̧ͷͷԼҵ׺ĸԼɩҲѾˡ
Ųһ٣дҪˣȻôᾹȻիĸ϶ˡ

磬е˶ӵĿʺֵϲƳ

ĸĸɩɩʩӯŷӦҴҴ˸кȻȥ

Ҽ磬ȷǸ컯ġʺִΣ̾һ˵

⻰ţе֡
˵ϲ£ɻʺȴеǡ

ĸʲôˣôʣʩӯü

ǰЩӱ·֣ĻӣѾ֤ʵˡʺһֱ赭д


ͫ׵ʩӯ㵵Ŀʺѿڶʲôӣ

ʺ˵ͷʾû

ɣôܣʩӯţ˵ôͳɻˣ

ʺһǵģɿʩӯ־µӣȴˡ
㰡ɵɵԭġո֪ʱͺʩӯڵһģһҹѾˣҲס

ΣúܼҵĹϵãһܼҵŮⶼǼ¡
ΨһǵģҲֻ¸Ժ˼˵۰Щˡ

ʱҲֻΪ
ţϲеǣһ˵Լʼĩ

ЩһֱڲԼСʵµ֣͸Ųȥ
һ飬ͷ˲õĶԭžȻǵĲ׺飬Ǹŵĸͳ΢˽õıй㣬ϸȥȻͶ

⣬һءʩӯ
ҪģǺ£ҪǣǿɾĻˣ

µ˸ұȻġʺεĿһۣ

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Ůյʺʾֱ˵Ҫ顪
ʺ̫͵ѪףѪˡ

ϵľһɣʩӯŷ֣ԼҹĸԭһֱЩҲӦŮ仰ζʲô
ѪҺڣʾ˵ѪȷͬһԴ

Ȼ֤ܲѧȴҲΨһķˡ

ǼҪٳһλˡʺЦ˵еİ

ŮϲУʩӯں֪Ŀʼеǳˡ

ô죬سˣۿžͱ˻һ㣬ǻʺҲǿܵġ
Ҳ˵ԺҲܳȥ棬ҪһӾʹС

˻
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42. [] ʮ   

̫͵, зļžȥű´Ц֮󣬱ĺϲ

ȻƬ̺, ʵƺʴӡ
£ɵ˵·𲻿ŵڶܻ㡣

, ûһˡ̫࿴Լһϲõӣŵӳѡ

⡪鷢̫, Ųɳɡ

ûж, ֻЦ
⸱, ڴеġ

һ, ֮˶, Ѿʮ꣬ɺ, ǰƵòҪйˣ´һ׶, ܲˡ

£, Ǵϲ, һʡ˼УԵ
Ҳ, ϲ֮ҲСʱ, ԼЩĺӾȻǱӣͱǰ˵仰

Ա̬
Ժ󣬸žͲĶӣһˡ

,  һʶȻЩŤȴЦ

ããúӡµϲڸȿȻЩɬȴҲ˴ţٵȥҲ׹빬

ϲ£˴ϲ£ȷôҶ֪ʩѭЦǺǵ˵ɨ۸ţȴɵôУûֱʡ
֪֣ӱףͨˡ

·磬гϹ

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ֻ˸ŮɾȻ˻ӡԺúȥδӣϹָΡ

ѾͷСһһһ˫ˣɸų˻ʵۺ治ҪԺָǺá
һʱ䣬ʩѭоǴϲ֡

˵ǣµۼǼõģЦӯ濴ʩѭ˵֮ǰʺźϥӣܰȢˡô˼ѶϱʺԲˡ

֮⣬˾һ
ҪѸżڻʺ£һȢ֡

޵ĸϹ֤
ʺλȹ̣ʩӯδڣ²ûмɵʩ֮⡣

⡭͵ˣ类߻ˣǵñʩѭֻ֪ϺЦ

Ļӣһ֪ܲѾͷԴƣжȣǸٺòĺˡ¶ͬ

˵ͷЦݡ
ֻʩӯѾҪ΢Цˡ

㿴̨ġǵĽŵ֣Ȼһֱעģֵ˵ʲôֱ˵һˣؾ

ǳͶˡŰ˿ڣЦ˵ȷܺá
ֻһ仰ȴ˶Ц

ѽֺЦ˵תЩ̵úã£޶л㡣

֣̿²ֳ۾֮ɡæ¡
˺ΪԼӣϣ˵ĲˣǱҪĴ

ڵı¿϶ǲģ֮Ҫлء

񣬿𡣡˵Żǰ˷ʵ֮л棬䲻ˡ̨ĺܺã˵Ҽ˸ˣЩ꺢ӡǴ󹦲ǡ

ټ֣˳ƾվ

ϹҲǰ˵䣬һʱ䣬յҲ֡

һԣҲ΢΢˿
Դ֪Լĵı˸ӶʮĸģҪǱҪһ⡣ǲ

ͳϹλȨأԺλĻʵɵ
ΪЩ鷳Լϡ

ҡ
Ҳõġ
ʺ֮λͲ

˼תɫ
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֪ʺˣʱѾ磬ʩӯˣɽ¶࣬һܳϣе͵һ䡣

ūʡ̫˵jxks

ѹɶȴ˵ģʵ۱һ䣬֪ԵɺɹһЦ
ǣ̨ǲᣬҶˡ˵Ż̫ȥǻδԣǱϽϡ

̫ŵȻ

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⹬ˣһ޲öģյõϢͿʼĦˡ

ʺҲɵһЦȤĿʩӯЦǸˡ
ǲ֪ģװ˿ġ

ܿ첼úãʩӯҲ֪ʼĩԼҹĸĸ׺ɩĺЦ˫ۣղɵþͺˡ

ôЩ룬˿˿ġ

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ŮǰӵѾ£ֻ뺣Ѹ¡

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ʵ̫سǲϿɣɸŵֱ˳ԺĴˡ

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׼ȫȻ˳ʺ΢ɲиЩЦ

ŹŮʽסУʺʱһ

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ʩӯûȻҲլӣԣֻôһ˵˼ˡ

òãĸžͺáеĶʩӯûԼڵĴܾ

ʺЦһۣԸ˹Ů˵ȥߵѾߣϸš

ʱŮϵˡ
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һɫۣü۵ĸŲɫڻ˴Ȼڻϵʾ°ݼʺɫ޴룬΢ЦɣȴҲû̫ϲ
һģʩӯˣȴȻЩˡ

ǻˣԺ󡪡
͵ǽ֯Ҳ˲ϸˡ

磬ķĲԣס֣΢Ц

һǰҲһǰʩӯģͶ

ǾݵļˣȻͳ׼ҡ
½ҲʵǸˣȴĪˣվĻʩѭ˾ɣʱ䲻ˣɢȥ

ͱԼҵϺʩѭǵ˫ۣʩӯ΢΢һЦ
Ȼ³ԤƣҪǰߣҲҪȥа취ġ

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ߣճ֮ǵ±Ϊ̫ǰľʱ˵ⰲʱԶ׼ĺ⡣

Ŀ͹˴ʩӯ͸뿪סʺĸ첲˵뺼޻Ϊ̫ӣΪ̫

£Ƿ̫ˣ̫˴ϸöĥǡԣʺһȴȰ
زǸŲΪ̫ӣǲϻλǼŮʩңԺҪùˣϵˣȻ̫ӵġ

볯Ϊأһֱš˵Żб͸˽˼ͨ͸ģɱǼǿˣٺʲˡ

¾˾ͺãǼλүĶʺûж˵תʵ

ǣЦһ˵ȻԸ⣬£ɲЩǵСɲ٣Ը⣬ûһܰȡ

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ͻ˵ĺҡڣҲܷˣҿţϲ磬ԺȻ㣬ǰͷ

£ʺһæ˵ĪҪ˵

ʵʲô˵õġЦ⣬ס˻ʺ֣˵֪ѾЩˣҲˡ岻ãԭǵģĺǲףԺ㲻ô죬ںˡ

ģЩί㣬˵ֲûãֻԸƽϲ֣ӡϳϿе˵־䣬ġ

£ʺ۾һᣬᣬ˵Ҫô˵ûίңЩ꣬ĺܺá
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ǵãʱʶǸŮԸһһһ˫ˣȴ޸Ȧ⹬Уһһ檣ضܿ࣬ȴһֶ˵ܸģҲֻлʺ٣һİˡ

ȷϲţϲģȴʺĹϵ
Ϊ˳͢Ϊ£ûʺڣҪһжúãûʺԺһǵġ

ʺڻϻУģ˼ٿƮԶ
ʱҲҲԹǻĴ̫Σգȵ¶ɳܣȵٵǻǸ˰źÿĿռӣ֣ҪǳϹͳ˺һ֧֣ͱЩĻ˸ˡǻԱԹ˲мֵĸҵĴﻹʱԹء
˵ʵǻɿһġȨ˺ֻһ˵ʱ͸˲Թˡ

˰Լһǻ˼ﻹȥЩء

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
ȻЩֻ꣬¾ɾһ㣬˾Ͳҵһжµһ㡣

źʮУʩӯҲȷʵһ죬ۡ
ϴ󣬾ˡ

ƽŷﴧ
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˵£ʩӯҲ˯ˣ
һ죬ټڹ˶ӵģǲ׼˵ģȻҪʣʱͱﲻסˡ

ۼü۽ǶŭƫĺÿҲɫˣ·һ㡣
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ȻŸŵģǱӡ󣬻ЩദһĻĻ

Ĭһʩӯ˿֮ĵĿŸ˵һѣһͳ˻ˣԺ󡭡

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仰˵Ĳ治ڸŸղǾ仰
ˣһ£̧ͷŮֻûš

룿üһ

ʩӯ˵ͷ˵ҵԸ֪ģ϶ǲܽԺԺģʱ϶ںþۺɢ

ǣЦˣסʩӯҪʹȴ᲻á

˻ﰡʩӯһһ۵

Ρű˵˶ǴͷԷɣ㵹ã⻹ûأ׿ˣʩӯǳϢ

Ҹ㣬붼룬׿ңˡ⻰˵ҧгݣĿʩӯ

ʩӯδ⸱ģﲻɷұ˵ҲЩ飬ҲԸĿڡ
ۿŸ׺ݣίң⻹Ǹͷһô֮ǰܺõġԽԽίһûסͿˡ

أң۾һᣬ͹ίͰ͵˵

ᣬ硣һҲ˲ˣЩ޴˵
ʶЩ꣬⻹ͷһʩӯǿޡ

ˣˡﻹǵæ§ҲãҲ㣬ˣҪҾͺãʲô

ۡʩӯ졣

ùӴ򰡡źЦ˵̷̾ôԼģҲ֪ǲǵһ

أҲŲҪҴˣ˲˵Ǹøǻˣ˭Ҵ㡣̬ˣʩӯӾ׳ˣһ߿һ߶졣

û͵͵ģ˿˳ë塣

ңҲŲҪʩӯû˳ԣ㾹Ȼң㻹ûɻˣͿʼˣǵ˻ˣǲǵñ۸أʱҵҲ˵ˣҺÿ

˵Ҫ룬ҲģҺòײŰȢؼҵģҪһӵģ˵ʲô롣źĽ

ҡʩӯŲЩ˵ǲųɻðͿʼˣǲǿȢؼˣͲˡ

ûûУġμˣȴ־ʣʩӯȡ֣ǵһأҲ͸ġ

ʩӯÿһ棬ÿһССƢú˼Ӳᷳ

ңʩӯû𣿲ǣͼ˵

úúãҴˣҲԣԺҲˣҾͺúø˵ԲٷƢô

أأңҲ㣬ǰ˵úöأ㿴ͿʼˡʩӯЩɻּ˵

ҴˣԺԾԲˣҷġ˵

ʩӯ͵һۣ۾ģᡣ

ˣ΢һķ˸ġ

ʩӯ⣬˷ģ۲õ£Ųء

ۼλ̺òˣһﻹǵԼ֮ǰŭ
ɱˣ۾ˡֺЦ˵

ģҽһѾܽźܲˣ㻹ңʩӯߺߵ˵

ǣҲáջǿˣ˵ʲôȻ˳ʩӯˡ

ߡʩӯǲмĺһʾš

űڻ˺һʩӯ˸ղһ硣

磬Ժ˵ˣһܲ˵ġۿʩӯˣ˵

۽һʩӯۿ򴽣ЩǸС˵֪ˡ
ʵҲ֪Լ˵쿪

Ѿʵ£ڹϣȴҪ롣֪ˣҪôԻҪôǻҲϲԲҡ
ܣһʩҺͻҲܽܵġ

仰ֻ˵˵Ҳֻ˵˵
˵ˣθţԼĸ飬Ÿǰðʧĺ˵ˡ

磬ҡĵǸô᲻֪ʱ̵ֻðڻһһҧУޱ˵仰

ңҲʧġ

ϤĲľӯǼ⣬˯⼸˲ͷˣʩӯ٣˯ǰƵ˵Բ𡣡
ѳ֪ʲôûȴΪԼĵСȥġ

ǵģڸղŸŷƢʱʩӯȷ֪ˡ

һ£ŵͷ

ԱȵȻ˰ģʩӯֱͽ˽˱ӵ￿˿
ʶ䣬Ѿ˯ˡ

Ц۵ӿˣűʩӯһˮ°΢ͷҲű˯ˡ

*

һز׺飬ǰ丵һ£ڴ֮󣬼Ȼ󲨡
Ŷԣ뺺ڽˡ

Ӧôӳ֣ɱ˵Ϊ˴лʮĽ̻壬

ӹλأӣһʱޡ

ϢģЩΪӣñ¹̻õˣҲûѶ·һҹ֮ʧ䣬֮ǰһ㡣֮ǰλҲû˶
˵Ŀⶼ˱ΨһҳڵĻϣƣԱ

ҲĽϹ˸ſŮ͹ĽģɲſȻͳ˻ӣֻø̾һʩ˵¡
һʺˣۿλʺҲǼҵˡ

ʵ۶ԻʺĸĶֻҪܼλʩӯȻǻʺ
ߣǺġ

ʺûָҲǿԵġ
һʱ䣬˼ӿֻҸʵʱѼŮ͵ŵĺլ

ͬʱ

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֣أǸ˶ŵĿء

ᣬĳЩУʱ˱˼

С굱೯ҾŴľƯŮ˻ʹ
һʱ̺쿪飬ν涷ޡ

˻һۣ衣

ʱȥۺԼӻȴδϹ˶ûж˲
ô£


һȺΧʩӯתѸŸ˳ȥʩӯ֣ɫмžϲɽǶ

ʵۺͳϹʩѭЦ̫ҽ˵á

ʩӯҲЩ£ˣ
鷢⧲ʱȷЩ̰˯˵ҲζƫʳҲûʲôԣż˿˲Ҳû롣û뵽

̰˸ӣӾʹ֪̫ҽһʣͱ̫ҽЦĻˡ

ϢһʱۺڳĳϹһӾͶˡ

оգԺעЩĪҪ̰ˡ־ϲϸĶ

ǣͷԸŷԺ󶼽ʺ˵ڴߣϸĸҴҴӡ

ĸ֪ʩӯԹԵ˵ɴԺ״̬
ôͻأǲųɻĸ

лĸ󣬶лĸסһڻ϶βסЦ⣬ųʺϵл

⺢ӣлʲôӦõġʺЦ˵

ץʱʩӯ˵ڵ£ֻǷĲ¡

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ҲӵĻҪ˵һֲԾһʩӯ֣һֱ΢Ц

һã̫ѣϲǰ滹иᡣ
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ۼ⼤ϲ᲻뿪ӣϺЦϲ֮࣬Ӧˡ

ۺݵῪʼ
ȻϵЦδʩӯвɲ²

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ıͿ㻪һˡ
ټݣУ֪ٴǧ𿴵ζϼ

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һڹŮתĿʱ˸գʧ䡣
ڴǶ˾в²⣬˸϶˼֣۳Ϲֻ̾һ

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ϵĺвģȻۣŹȥ

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ŲᣬߵߣֻʩӯСڽУ˯㡣
Ŀ֣Ḳ棬һʹ

ãͰڴߣЦʩӯ˯գлϲ㡣

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ŶԳһʼò£ȵѾϤ͢µ

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ǰΨһĺӣʩӯ޴Ҳİ

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ӵĿУһȥ
һºȻͲˣҲಡ齣ȻѾˡ

̫ҽΣЩ侫ĵţɺķѵȴ޷ϣȻѾҪ;ƿˡ

ֳס֣ᣬֲϻ꣬һЩϳǲ

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²ʮպһ䣬źȻʩӯȥ˻ĳ

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ϵ˺΢ɫƵĽҴ룬ֻ¶԰׵ݡ
ºȴʧϵĵڴϣޱȡ

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ʩӯʹӦˣһȣ͵ȵϡ

ҹɫѲӣһз·糣ʩӯȴܾЩԡ

磬ˣƻһ£ľˣʩӯ뻳˵Ͽеӣ£ֻҪҲﶼҪȥ

ʩӯ㵿˵ͷ
ЩĿ۵еˣԼ¶мŷָŸղѾס

ʱžֳȥˡ

յķ촵ȣ֨ѽһŮȥѴϣʩӯɨȥһۣǡÿһƮסԲ
ڿ쵽ˣȻ



ҹɫĹ΢֨ѽһ
˰ѻʹŴˡ

𣬻谵ҹɫһӶӱĿȷĳųǰ

˰ңźͻʺ齴ߣδȴҲ
ʩӯڴˣǻᾪȣһ̣Ͼһһ޵ĵȡ

Ǹýˡʺ˵

ǡŻش

㶼źˣ

Ȼ

Ǿͺá

£ָֻ˰




43.     ˵ֲ˴ѡ

˯, ʩӯȴߣڴ߿ӣ˵, ǹһĨЦ⣬ֺܿȥ
˯ÿ㣬, ۴⣬۴ɫ

Ҫһƽ

ҹʱ, һ΢ȴ޷ӵ, ű, Ŵ󲽽, ۽ҹ

, ߣȥǰסʩӯ, ŵĹ

ô£ʩӯּֿӵų˴, æʵ

ز, Ҫûȡλų͡

Ҳ, ţʩӯľ, ǲǹģ
, ȻңͲţǰһ֪

֪ߣҲЦ, Щá

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