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ڸʱ

īīˣһдģֹ٣īīĺ棬һٷлд֣īī˼һһģҲӣϣϲǿ˾ûԣȥ붯Сָ˰ɡϾÿһգÿһ۶˲ϼֵĶ~īīлϹ~
ĵĸʱһÿ12㣬ÿ̶һ¡īīбܹƼӸӸһ7ɡ
ףÿ飡
īī822


ƺ

ܶƸԣиЩСīҲֻСīûУ
ԭϣƵһ죬ˣ
Ƶһ죬Сī֪ͨһǳ޵Ĺ񣬲ϸ˵ʲôˣֻ˵Сīæ죡϶û˯ãûô˯
СīƽҲϲˢȻˢһҲûʲôղصǾˢһҲ˰죬ӱϢƵСīûˢֻ̱ڴǰһֱۣؽһΣ
ߵԭȻСīԼûдæдŰ
ɧ̫ϣǲ˵ˣ
дЩͻȻͷдΣ
ԣ۲£˲£ֻû룡Сīдȥ
ллװǿСīһƪƸԵĸԣ
Сī98дƶպ


1  

ʱ½īͫûж룬ֻһǸûСкǣСкˣҲþˣһͷҲû
ãСкûˡ½īͫʧȥʶǰ뷨
ϧôĹ׵˰죬ʧ֮󲻶̾Ϣ
һѣ֮½īͫʶǾԴһĵʹƺʲôǿӿģֽ֮ǰԼΪ˾˶ˡôӦ˲Ŷԡ˵ôʶ⣬һĶôôۣ
½īͫŷʹ۾Լһ䷿طȴޱ֣Χԭ̬¹ŵĻаȫǹŴģƺֻڹװӾ
ô£ѵβɣһԼʹޱʵ
˶ûûʲôʱſˣһŹװӽ½īͫˣߵߣͷס֣ǹУ̫ͫˣ㲻֪Ե⼸գжൣģºˣ˾ͺˣǲ챣ӡ
½īͫûӦһϢ½īͫŮʮ꣬½һԣĸ
Ϣ̽½īͫǰǿӿеԭǽ½īͫԭ½īͫʶʶ˵ʶ½īͫʶȻԽˣǧ½һƳǵĵط
Ȼ˿ʧ۽ǰĸ½һԣ½īͫͻȻһʹһᣬǽ½īͫĸѾԼΪһˣһĭŬѽҪӿ۾ˮ˻ȥЦݶ½һ˵ģûˣûˡ
½һԻǷĲ£½īͫȻΪʳɥ㲲һ˫۾ȴ鶯ˮ½һ΢΢һ񣬰⣬ͫģЩοʣϡ½īͫԹԵĵͷ½һԾվųȥˡ
½һһ뿪½īֿͫʼ̽ѰĶҪϤһ˽⵽ڵΪǧ½ң۹Ƭ½ΪΪĿ꣬ǿȷΪĽףԽǿˣԽǿĵطԽǿȻλԽߡ
̽Ѱ֪ˣԭȵģ½ī̲ͫסüûиŮӾȻǳĢġеڶ֮ǰԼѰҳԵģһЩɫĢЩĢɰͲɻؼ˳ˣǣöʮһͬԶ괩ˡ
ͨ̽ѰԺϢ½īͫ˽⵽ǧ½Ƚ⣬٣ɺʼӲԴͨũֲʳϡȱԼңһ˼ңĸ׽ʵ֮ˣֵصԭ򣬵ճ٣Ű뼢뱥ӣʳ󣬵ֻɽҰάȫ
һüĿ긾ƿŶ½īͫܵԼһĸ
ߵ½īͫߣڴߵСϣ½īͫϵͷҴ˱ӣͫоô
ĸ۵۾תȻӻǲܣһʹȣ½īͫĸ׵ģöˣûˣΪҵġ¶һЦץסĸ׵ְοŮԶء
ŮЦˣһֱŲµҲ˿תȥ롣
½īͫҲԼеˣһֳֻӣӹ롣ǣʲôࣿ˵࣬˵ӽһˮƺһܸıˮ峺
ع࣬ͫٺһ㡣
ޡ½īͫ׼ѾûˣѾǰһʳԼˡǣѸٵİȹˡ
½īͫԼȫȹˣ΢΢Цţӹ½īͫ˵˯һɣҪϢС
½īͫҲеˣԺ˯˹ȥ
һ˯½īͫһΡ
ǸƯҽŮ˶ʿҽѧУڶѧٮٮߣѧϰɼ죬ѧϯּڣͬѧǶƺΪУ֪Ƕͬѧİ
ֱһ죬棬ҲȥɼЩвҩûѧУʵңǸˮСк
СкƳˮ棬ȴˮǲôʹǽˮ׳ȥûкΧһƬζ˸ˮ
֣ΪʲôӻôѣˮﲻӦʧȥʶΧˮƵһƬȴָ˿ûн֮ܵĸо
ͷӣ쿪ȣˮã䣬ȵǸСкͻȻǰкһֵ˵㱾ӦˮǿĵˣɢһµͬʱȥģǰĸҪƼãô㽫ɡ˵̸ֽһֵĻǿԿףֻҪһΣôٴοͲҪˡ
½ī֣ͫҪСк˭Скȴ˵ЩʧˡˮﶫΣȴֻǿ˸ζˮҲûпСкӰӡ̲ס󺰣ҳ
ʱ½īͫԼĺгˣԭһΡԼȫʪʪģǸմˮǴֵЩԳأɵϡ
ǵ½īͫİ˵ʱ漣ˡһ͸ԲһĶͻȻƾճڷ
ˮһƺĵطһϲ㣬Ҳ͸ˮһĶɢ뵵һɾĸо
½īͫʹԼһ£ȥһκòã
ȷԺ󣬿͸ţ½īͫĻǸôĻӦǸ°ɡˣһˣһκˡ
ſĺ½īͫǿ񣬳ӣ͸ȥ
ŵʱ̲סһ۾һ׸߿ĸоףţûʲô仯ǣ۾
һĿռ䡣
ӳģһƬ԰Կܷ֣ɣѾģһϲ
ƾҽƴѧصо½īͫķ̶ֳȣһ۾ͿϺõǰϺõĸػҪֵĶ࣬Ӧܹʵӳɵء
ϸ۲Կռ֣ǲ糤Ҳ롣½īͫҲûзӡ
ŵϲ΢Щź½īͫԽԽƶ񤣬³Աĵطô԰ˮ
⻰
գԣ۱޲ҰɣһЩɡ


2  ˴ֻӦ

һСϪ˳Ϊÿṩ½īͫ˳ˮҵԴͷһȪȪˮϵĴʯͷð
½īͫӣȪˮ˼ڣǰһʣˮֻӦУ
ҷǳ𣬺ȥˬΪǰӻôǼˮȥ·ˣ˵泩ֹ̩ཹེһЩֱװ²ա
Ȫˮʯͷ£ʯγһˮ̶ˮ峺ףˮ
½īͫˣ룬Ӳ֪ʲôڷռֻԼҲ±˿½īͫȥ·Ҳȥ¶ѩ׵ļ˵ʮˣǿֻʮһӣûϣ˼ҺӳԲůģòŹ֡
ͷ˿ˮӳյԼϾӣϸüֱͦǣ۵ӣīᴹһ˫ˮһۣƻãë˳ʵǸӣú⣬˵磬ȴʳǰһ㲻޴Ƶ˳
һȥ½īͫоˮ΢΢ȵģһ˫һƽƣ塣
Ӳرպܹվ¶ͷҳص׵ʯͷϣһ߿šǳǣˮ̲Ƶãˮ󣬸оĺöˣɢˮƺЩ΢ÿһë׶ſЩܹǣͨ泩
ˣˮһõˮأǸõط﷢̾
һ֮½īͫӳ·ڿռתһᣬԱһȻʯңңӦбáرĵط
ԭųȴԭԱߺȻһ͸Ļɫ磬ѵ֮ѹż飬½īͫһ²֪ΪĿǰ޷򿪣ĽҪȵƽϲſܴ򿪡
鿴Щ½īͫʹӿռȥˡȥԺ͸Żڣһžʧˡ
һ£ֻҪͷźռ䣬ҪռͿշš

½īͫѾָˡȻ½һԺϤչָܿҪԭ򣬳֮⣬ÿ춼սռȪָҲָĸѸ١
ΪչŮ½һһֱûȥɽ´ѰҰˣ½īͫ΢ָԺ;ȥɽѰЩԵġ
֪׵Ĵ½īͫ游һȥöæѰЩʳ
½һԲͬ⣬Ůոջָ廹;ȥۣңÿһѡεӵӣͫѵʮ꣬ʮŮԸľԲμɲԡ
ͨԵģΪɵӣֻÿ֮٣һ㲻ʮңֻʮӣͲ䶼ѡ֮УԣϣԼŮ׼һ¡
ᣬ֪ͫ~½һĿԼŮǽץסġ
ͫʮ꣬ĿǰŴӳͬͫߣҲУΡ
ǣͫСԸȥɣʲôͷص飬һֱ˵ֻԸڼ鸸ĸͫĵԸȴǰΪʲԵʾͳܵͬ˵ĳЦѡʧܣܵ䣬֪ܲܵ˴
ѡٽ½һԽǵǡΪ£˽ͫͫۺӣȰԼѡˣһճϢͺҲͦáǣԼǰͫһı⣬Ͼ½ңֻͫΨһѪͫһ£ѵҪԼĵһһͨƽ
½һ̾˿˿Ů¾ĻҪͫȥԡ
˭֪ͽϣȼ⣬Ҫʡȵȣֻÿεһλᡣ
ǻڶɱһ˻Ҫһɣԭٷһﵽؽ۷ڣ˵Ŵﵽؽ۷жֻ꣬һֱûͻƣ˵ǰֻʥۻ˵Ҳ٣ûһܴﵽڼ𣬶ҲǴʦʵһУÿһ˶Լ˻ŮܹΪɵĵΪ١
ʵǿԴֻ࣬Ҫɵĵӣζһ·;ҵȷЧҲݵķ
˭֪ɵĲؾõĹڿõңΪʽӣҲζſй̶룬Һܻܿгͷء͵һ죬ΪһΪĴ½
⻰
գԣ¶ָ࣬㡣


3  ļ

ͫ㲻ú͵ȥڼҺú׼׼ᣬĴɲҲȥԡ½һŮ˵һ˿
ĴȥǲӰѽȥɼʳòã½īͫ½һԵ
ʵ뿴Ƭ½ʲôֵĲˣԼռĲ԰Ѱ˼Щʵ߲ˣãԱֲԼ԰
½īͫˬĴӦμ½һ־ϲ֣ͫԺôһƵġתȴһ¡
У׼һ£ĻŸպãš½һˣȴӲĳܾŮҪ
ֲףҲ֪Լ壬½īֻͫա糿극Ժɨļ񣬿ûʲô飬ͻصԼţռ䣬ȥˡ
ڿռһ˵оȪˮˬͨ˳̩ƺռҲʺ͵ӵãܹӾӻ½īͫһʱ굽ռţš
ңüȥеĸоԼСͷϲĵƺ˸ı䣬ȫƺЩ΢ţϢͨһЩѪҺϢٶƺһЩҲӯЩԭɢڸҲ˲٣Ҵһ˿˿ƺۣ澭
һĸæ˻ƣţԼûдִĤݵʱ½īͫͻȻţĸҲͫˡ
½īͫ̾һֻô·صռ䡣
ѰԺļ֪ĸŮ˳︻檣ΪԣһֱƲʵͽƽã겻Ψ½մԼĹ⣬ŮҲĸһǸƶΪ˾̱Ʋ½īͫ˽⵽Щ½īͫüʲô
ԼСݣͿһͷ۾ϸ촽ܱŮԼţĸҲһ˵½īͫˣ֣ˣѡӵ飬˵ɡ
ͫãŮʮ˱䣬ˮˡǣһ˫ϸ۾½īͫ΢΢ЦˣЦ֮۾ʹһ˿֮ɫ
½īͫ̽Ӳ飬ʵ̽̽ʵûнɵĴ㡣ѡӣϵ˵Ǵ£˭ϣԼҵĶŮܱѡУҪ֪½īͫȻֻ½īͫȥμѡҲ˵ûлᡣǣȴҲϣ½īܹͫɹ
ʲôԭô½īͫԼҲ˵һͰͲùܿࡣ
½īͫߣһɵӡȻʹϢ˽⵽ԭԼСˮԸǰ۸Լ֪Ǵʲô⣬治Լġ
īͫõû֪֪鵱ǵˡŵ̧Լؿڡ
ôҲûңһˣ½īͫȻ˿ͬȴһЦģ㣬ⶼˣңĻ찡
½īͫĻεЦЦĵѾͷʲôʱôˡ½īͫīˣһЦݵӣһ侹Ůӣر˫۾һ̶ˮ̲סҪȥ漴عӿһ⡣
ߣҲǸһƤҵķҽɣҿɱǿ˺ֹٱͷöϵһ˵ӣīͫӸպûҪע⣬ָɫͦãҲˡ
㣬˵֪ʲô飿½ī֪ͫһ²
ûʲô£ҪΪ㡣˵꣬ͻȻʲô飬ˣˣμӲμӣ
ȥԣҾȥ԰ɡ½īͫˣΪġ
һ漴׷ʣ֪ѡôѡģ
֪˵ѡǼϵģҪüزͨвһ½īͫ۾һźɫ
ţҾ취ġصգգ۾֪ѡӵһʲôҲ˵ѡȼߵģÿѡĵӶ࣬һˢˢģ԰ҿöǲ˶ĥ¶ء
ޣʲôĥģߵ;ʯһͳˡ½īͫѾ˽⵽ߵͳܹо⣬ʯʯͷǿʾġ
㲻֪Ҳǿмɵġϸ۾Ƴһ³ţͻȻѹīͫݣҲɣҿɲ벻ԼʱһܹΪɵӵһݾ
Ȼ룬㣬ʲôð취
аЦȴڳһɫҪĲܸ߱ˣҲŸ㡣
úúãҷģ˵ɡ½īͫЩ֪ʲô
ûм˵ǴӻͳһԼʮ֣ʮֵľУľϣֲľбԵۣһƣӾͿˣ¶Ʒһɢҩɫֲ
֪ʲô𣿡İɫֲóʱɢһֵźŵζ
½īͫнӹֲϸ۲һ£ţǰҽѧ˶ʿıܣҩݵĶһȤŨ񣬵ȻвҩҲо
˼һԺ״ζҩģо~ˣɡԼѧ֪ʶɡɡοҩݣҪЧǣȥȥͨ硣
ţóһĲҩʲôֻɡִĲҩҪСһЩκɢζжϣɡɡ
⻰
~~


4  ң

ϸҩԺ½īͫ˼װһã㣬ʲôݣôôÿһֺϡеҩİɣ
һ°΢΢̧¶ɫСӶĻ٣ҩɲһ㣬ҵרŴһ߼ġ˵ҩݽвЧԺԶЧ˵ʲô鵤ҩôһҲѵˣҵҲΪͨÿһεĲԣźò׸㵽ֵġ
һ˿Цݣ½īͫīͫҩҵʱҾ㣬ӹǲոպãҪμӲԵĻʤİղ󣬺ʺأʻã˵ʵǷǳѣСܣ߹ȥⲻžܹˣҩ˵󣬵Ҳֲҽö꣬͸ˡ̧֣Ժİ½īͫŲҩݹְ¡
½īͫգգ۾һɫ
ҩȷɡԼҽ˶ʿ֪ʶжʧôǲ֪ҩɡǹѣ
֪ɡɢҩݸԼãͼʲôѵԼĲвֻ̭Ĳ֪ҩɡԼͨĲԣ
СѵΪҳԶĢҲԻ½īͫ΢ˮƵ۾ЦֿԣӦ޵Ľӽɡ
ڵȣ飬£½īͫһſն֪Ĵ۾˵ôã̫ˡȻԼм顣
˽⣬Լһֱƴӣ˵ǳüûۣСû˵꣬͵ǽͷ絹˼һ㣬ҲᷢҰĢжˡ
ֻһΣôе֣ƺĥ͸ˡѵϵҩݣ֪
漴Լ뷨ǧ½ҩݶͨ˵һĴڣΪֻн˲ŻڽӴҩݣ˽ⲻͬҩݵĹЧʹҩ
ҩĺ͵ҩ˵ʮҪΪʶɵˣԼҲǲ֪½īͫݵͼũŮôʶ
һʱ䣬½īͫ˼תеԥԼϳٲݵȻǲֳôʲô취̽һأ
һת½īͫɢҩɫֲ·ľ¶޸м֮ɫ㣬ҿãҲҪμӲԵģôôҩݣðɡ
ײһüͷϸֳ֮ɫīͫǰɲôģ룬һΪ룬רŸҩݣĪҪһ⡣
½īͫ˹ǣ¶ЦݣǺðɣ㣬ҩҪôԣ
ҩֱӳЧãˮ
ޡ½īͫһľУһߡ
Ĳһߣʲô£Ǹʲôȥ
ҩȥѽҩҪһȣһһ룬иͬͬǺýѽ½īͫŤͷһЦ
Ѿͷﰵô£ôô¡ȴҲѲˡ
һĹ½īͫͰѲҩˣҳֻ룬ֱʢˡ㣬ҩˣȰɣ⻹һءһҩ˵ǰߣң
⣬ҩǷõҪҪ½īͫȵģɢ˵ҩЧܽһôĲûϷˣ˭Լһֱﳤô
˵Ӧòӵģ鵽ǳˣӦ½īͫȵҩô˵ԼǰҲ˵͸оԾѾͷôôԾҩô죬ԼȻǲȡ
ԥʱ½īͫ۾һľ棬㣬ôˣôѽǲҩʲô⣿
Ѫϵ֪ƭԼúɢҩʵ˵ȥҲûˡ
ôˣҩʵ᲻ãǼȻīͫô㣬ҾͲƴˡ޵ҧгݣȴһɫ˵ӹ½īͫҩ룬ҧȥ
Ĩһǣīͫҩ˾ͲˣҲȺȰɡ
ޣõģ㣬ͺȡ½īͫӹĿ룬ϣ˳ֶһҩյ߸ȣͻȻסһҩŤͷߡ
ͷһæʣʲôȥ
ڽңȥʲô¡˵Ⱦͳš
üһѾ½īͫˡϽ׷ţﻹ½īͫӰӡĴңȴ֪½īͫܵȥˡӶǶˡ
ҲûãԼѾɡҩЧûøϽҵ취
ﰵ½īͫһ죬Ҫһ
ߣ½īͫͳԼķԼɡ߷߶ȥӣ½īͫͺЦ˭㲻ģʳɣ۸ңߣ½īͫɲԭ½īͫˡ
⻰
գ~


5  ־Ϊ

緹֮ǰ½һԻˣϱһ
һţ½һԾͺͫϽϵĲȻûд򿪣ǴӷϿءɼʳﲻࡣ
½һԼӣ¶һЦݣɽϵֲԽԽ٣ҰӦԽԽңҲζţһҪһ̼ˡ
ֻǻã㷢һҰˣҰȻóԣϾܳԵģҶӺС׻ӲʱϸѰҵĻֲˡ
Ϊʱ̫ãһۡ½һַ˵ͫٵڼҽͫɿڵģͫӹǸպã컹Ҫμᡣ
ͷڽ˵ֽ½īͫҰʰãͫȻֻҵЩҰˣǿûٷѾ۶ˡ
½īͫһůңãһĸĸáȻǰ½īͫҲһңִѪҺѱĥȥ˹ԣĸ׺ĸæǮٹҵĸо̶ܴһӣԣԴϳУͻסУٻؼҡ
ע⣬ĵİһ˻Լռǿֵ԰ֵӦòɣ
ĺ㣬һʳ˿ɿڵķˡֻǣʳ٣ȴҪ˳ԡ
󲿷ֵķʢ½īͫ½īͫôõԵ㣬ȴ˵ԱˣȴʵûгԶٶ
½īͫģѹҸĸоΧʳֿ࣬оʳҪԣҲᵽ½һԺ˽İ
һҪõϺӣٰﰵġ
Թ緹Ժ󣬻ص䣬غţ½īͫ굽ռȥˡϸİʳֵ԰ȪˮˣȻ󣬳ȥ
û˴һ˯һȪֿ˯徭ǽôҲ˯ţһֱĥĴ㡣
ôһЩʳõﲻٲۣһ㡢帣ԼڶᣬЩʼ̵ռ˼롣
ʳѲɼεʳֻһ˳죬ʳô죬ٺ͸һȥɽϲɣ϶ԽԽѡ
뵽½ī̲ͫסתͷ˿˵أֲֵû˿ĶϹˣһһɡ
һ
Էʱ򣬵˵£˵ңԸȥȥԸˣǿóԼҲԸԼȥο⣬ϣԼܹѡϣȴûиԼʲôѹ
ʼ֮;ΪƬ½ߣϾ;Ϊǧ½Ϊ𡣿˵ΪߣǷĴڣû˿㣬ǳΪߣҲҪȼߵͣʥǽڴ˵дڵǰµĴڣ
Ϊ˰ԼĸĸΪõӣΪ˻괩ԼһðɣһҪΪһߡ
½īͫ¶ģȻһҾҪ
½īָͫ˵µֲｽһȪˮĬĬֲ㳤ǣЩֲ֪Ҫ²Żճɵġ
ʱ½īͫְæշǽӣŷڣ¯յĺһСš
½īͫҿϡðݣƿˡæȥ׼ʢ࣬ȴһŸǵ룬ѸƿСɢҰˣĳһڣ˳
ȿȣʹ£µøɾЩֶôܳԣ
һᣬˡƿǿ˿Ҩڹ˽࣬˵ʢˡ
½īͫʢ˵ϣȻȥ½һԷ˻صʱѾõһԣ½īͫ˵ͫˣȳ԰ɡ
½īͫӹ˵Ҳԡ
šͰʣµһһ飬ҲԵ㡱
½һ԰ڰ֣ղѾԹˣȵࡣ԰ɡ
İַŻ˵ҲʣˣҪͫ·ϴŰɣμɲܶš
ҲȵˣǲԣͫҲԡ˵½īͫͰʣµ½һģװĵǲԣŮôܳԵء
½һԻ࿴һۣŮˣˡοĳŮʳζ֮ǰ˳Ұ˲Ŀɬζƺȫʧˡ
ܿ͹ȥϣ½īͫûʱϴϢڿռһ󣬿ռһôǲʵǰҹռԶǰ죬Ȼû̫ȴɾһĴڡ
˺ܶ࣬ǰʲôƲ飬Ϊ˵ڴ۾ԼԼľġ
⻰
գۡһ˺ùµ~


6  Ŀ꣬

Բμᣬ½īͫû˿ա
ӵ֪ԼСಡԱ˼ҵĺӴ꿪ʼȴòʮſʼ𲽾üꡣ¶һϣϡ
ԼĿǰﲻ궼ﵽڰ˼еܵżʹﵽڰ˼ԣûһơ
糿ûУ½īͫѾˡ緹ǳ࣬ѾûжĶɳˡ½īͫһ·ϴĶ½īͫһ߳ԣһߡӦ
㲻ȥˣҶôˣʲô飬Լȥͺˡ½ī֪ͫÿ궼ɽʯ¾У벻̫Զļ䣬ȥɽ·Ϥ
½һԳԼŮҡҡͷ˵Լôܷģһȥ
½īͫů֪ǲԼҲõûʲôʳˣһʲô飬ǼĶ
ǰһ½īͫǸϲ˼ʹˣҲǼͥԭסУĶκѣܶ˿뵽ǸĸıӻֻϰԼ
رǰп߿ʱܶͬѧĸĸźȥԣӿԣҳڿţܾúܿЦӣʲôʱܲĻ䣬¸ӭӷ갡
ΪЩԭ½īͫ½һͬԼȥμᡣһѵ˵½һǿͬˡ
ͫȥμᣬͨԣʽΪһߣˣûͨԣؼҸһӣҲˣֻϣһƽƽģͨͨĶνģջ
ͫ˵˵ˣƽǵԸ
ţİɣͫס޹Լˣ½īͫ۾תû
ǰŵ½īͫԼ˵½īͫҪŬҪɹͷأгһգһҪõϺӡ
˴Ժ½ī֪ͫɽԶ˿ͷߵ磬첻ͳţڴԼֻȥһӵ㣬ɽвһ·̣ʱ仹ܳ㡣
·ߣЩڿʣ˿ǰûʲôˣ˿ռ䣬ȰȪˮ˸
뿴˵Ĳôˣ֪һһǰһµļ˾ȻðͷҶѾܴˡǲŸȥһӣƷѾ˲ˡ
ѵռʱʵвͬԼԭôûиоǡðɳ©ϸĵĸ½īͫϵģڲʱҪʱ䡣
ɳ©ڿռͿռⷴ˺üΣȷһ飺ռʱȷʵʵǲһģʵʱʱٱȴԼʮһҲ˵ʵһӣ൱ڿռʮӣڿռʮ൱ʵеһ졣
֮ԭûз£Ϊԭûֹÿνռ䣬ֻǺȵȪˮһݡûжʱĸһֱ顣
½īͫ־ϲԭռ仹ãôӴԺ˴ѵʱֻҪʱ䣬ܶܶ飬ΪĶ
ĲԽԽϲˣ½īͫϸĸļֲ﷭˷ЩɰҪܶһͺˡ
ʱͻȻǰһֲũһֽļ԰һֲֳɼּ꣬ĶߺüʮֹԺٷ֣ǲ֪Ҫּ߳ҩ
ƾǰһļ䣬½īͫСĵĸЩƺۿŲƾն˼ЦˣָЩȫȪˮˮĹһȪ˿ռ䡣
쵽ɽʯµʱ½īͫ·ϵ𽥶еǺͼһеǽУҲ½īͫһǶһˡȥμġ
ԶһɫλУһһɫĽۣɫɵɫĮͦıӣСڣһɫһ˫ɫѥӣһַǳ
޳ָ΢΢̧װξµĽб·ɽеˣ¶°֮⣬ߣЩ˲Щг˰ˣѵʲôͽõģ׼ӣͻȻƳԱ߲Զ·½īͫ
Ŀһͻһ¡һϮ¡ʮصŮϸӮ¶ľɼǣ˿īɫ㷢Ʈɢ䣬˫ˮǹ㣬ȴأŵı䣬ƺܿ͸һС
һ֮£ӹ˹ǣסԳݳݳôˣֲǵһμŮˣŮ˲ʮͣûãô겻ˣ


7  һ

½īͫûпǸӣĨһͷϵϸӻóˮһڣѾЩƣľ
һָĸоȫƺÿһϸΪˮֵĻȫҲעƣһɨգһˮȪˮˣΪȪˮԵʣһ·ߵļȿûиоʮֽۡռһ
ʯ¾ǰˡ
ʯʵһ޴Ĺ㳡ƽ̹ľ٣Ұɽ£ԳΪÿѡӵĵط
ʯ¶棬һԼһ˸ߵʯרġҲǿɽһ棬һͨɽϵĦףġ
ʱʯµѾǳˣǴ󶼾ۼʯµ棬еĶϯضеȺһ˵½īͫҲһɾʯͷ¡һʱ䣬еܱȺһɧԭɵˡ
һ˰˸ˡһͽϴ¹ˣһ¹ˣ¡ԺµɹŵȺμӲԵ갴˳վá
࣬½īֲͫһǰ˱ȽϿλá
ͷ˿ǰĳ룬ⲻ֪ŵʲôʱֵԼ
ţͻȻȺзһϤӰһ۵£ͷǸ߸ϸ۾һǲ˭½īͫҩ飬̲סЦˡң㻹˵㡣
Ҳڶһŷ½īͫߣӻˣǲײĲᣬƺӲģ˲˽һ˽㣬СǸϲһ˶Ҫһأ˵ƵĲԳˡ
ϴκҩһ£ȻЩ޵ߣɡҩЧԼȥЩҩģŶԼû̫Ӱ졣
ԱźöԺ󣬲ԾͿʼˡһǲ
һĿķߵʯԣԼ֣Ȼ¹˵ʾ£˫̧˹ʯڣʯɫ֮仯ɫʯͷ𽥱΢ɫֹͣ
¹漴Խ弶ûͨһӵ̺ˣͷɥߵһߡڶȥûͨӲģ²⣬ɵ¹˺ľܾˡ
Եһһǰ֣еĳɹеʧܣɹվһԾź˳ʧܵһӰ˵վţѾʧˣζŲٽһزԣôҲȴˡ
ֻǱˢȻûߣվһ߿ԼȻԵҲ֪ױԼǿľж٣ʲôˡԵĽֻдﵽ߼ϵĲܹͨһء
ʮδκɣķ˵߼ǺѴﵽġ
һͨѧܽؼڵЩ΢յڣڵ۳һ˿˿һɹɣۼ˵򵥣ǹģҲһ˿۵Ĺ̾ǳµʱ䡣
ȻҲߵʸߵйϵʸߵ˿̴̣ܽʵ͵ܻӳԣˢԶͨ˶ࡣ
һˢһ߾վһƬˣһֻͨ߰˶ѡ
ȱ˶ԲԳɼͷӶ۷׷ף½īͫδ˲ԵĳɰܣֻǰһĵϢۿʱӽ磬½īͫоӹУϾ糿磬Щ·Źˡ̽ͷ˿ǰŵĶ飬һСΣƴŲһӵʱֵܹԼˣʱԳԵ㶫
Ӽȡ°糿ĸǰСͷ֪ĸǰһ쵽ھӼȥһģѾûʲôԵˡ
½īͫǰֳָ½һԺػڴݣ۾еģҲġȻԽʱ䲻һĸԼĹĺͰ½īܸͫоԼһʮҲûиܹġ
ģĿССͷַ̧ŵҧһڡ½īͫŬ۾ɢͷ۵ζҲһһͷͳˡ
һ½īͫоӻǺܶûгԵڶ°÷ڰ
½īͫóˮҪȵȪˮȻһЩԥڶ𣺡ţǸǸҪҪԵͷҴͦ࣬ԼҲԲˡÿ޳ָͷ쵽½īͫǰ
½īͫȵŤͷֻһȫװվԼ
̰ٷнǣĺ½չ¶ɣĺڷӳͦڡֵ֪Ѿ۲ܾˡ
ֲǹ½īͫ󣬵Դվ½īͫ󣬾ͱŮĿ⣬Ϊر
ûһƷÿ˵ĲԳɼǾԼ飬ƺ
ټĹ㳡ϣȺУһĴڣرģңһ˫۾˫۾˿Ժһǡ
̲Ĵ󺣣һᾪ𣿶أҫŲĺˮ澿ʲôĵطŶĶһ˫۾
ڿ½īͫͷʱͻȻһԼܳԵĶĳ嶯ԣŻϽеͷ
лл㣬ѾԹˣų԰ɡ½ī֣ͫûнӹǸлĺ⡣
еż̲סͷ½īͫĳԹˣЩԲˣһɣôݣһԾֵˣԵ֪ԼĪĺˡ
һżӣ½ī̲ͫסЦˣðɣһ˳һлл㣬ʲô֣
ִĿţŮӵЦݣ·һں𡣡ҽ֡أ
һֱĿתĶſ½īͫее㲻˼ͷ½īͫ
½īͫīͫ
һͷ½īͫԼˮ֣ȵˮɡָָԼҴˮˡ
½īͫûжҵģҵˮúȣȵ㳢ְŰɣ½īͫˮƵ۾Ц⣬Ҳûоܾӹһڣʱȫ泩ѿڶˮúȡ
ǰһŮӲûͨԺֵ½īͫˡ


8  صĹ

ʯ⣬һµĿջջڵĻææµµ߶ڸϵĵȫµģ񻨵װϺõ˿񣬿ͷƷǸջģʹÿջȻһ¡
ջƹֵָŻǸɻʱҴܽһƹģпˡ
ˣһ˻ˣƹͷƤһ⻹ûʰãѵ;͵ˣ
Ҫ֪ǰһ죬ɴϿĵİҹţص˵һλҪԶĹͣסһӣԸԼ׼÷䣬رҪдźãаֲأǵùԼջƹҲͱˡ
ǹȴû˵λ͵ݣԼСò˼Σûʳֻ֪һɴⲻͿʼæѿջһرǰõϷװһ£Ҫǹ;ò⣬ǿɲġ
ƹģӣҿϺõΡ˽
ѵǹˣ죬лǸϽġƹæָӵĻٶȸĻְڸɻŪ˿ѸһȻ϶Цݣӭ
ֻɫν˿ջһӺһŮ½߽ţվڴá
ƹģҼõĿͷ·ϵģҪúϢһ¡Ůмɫ˽Ժסӵĸ첲Ľµϣһǵ̬
ƹ˿Ȼ˲ǡ͡˽ӣõϷѱԤ͹ӿסͷȻջпͷǸɾʵġ
ʲôǾҪõϷ˵۰ɣŮΪ۽һɫʱ˼֡
Բ𣬲Ǯ飬ǷѾԤˣʵڲ˼
Ա߰§ŷŮӵ޲ʱŮԵֻǰˣŲòһЩƺΪŮǰʾһ磬һͷɫҪõķ䣬ӿѷ׼ãӿҶҵˣҿɲġ
Ҷ֣ƹһ΢΢ݣ˭֪Ҷǻ֮һɵйλԺգ˵ҶҼΪļﵽڵ֮һ˵ҶҵƳǶŶõһ
ֻǣҶҼˣõĿͷҲǲܹõİɣϾרΪÿĿջôŵĹͻҪҪһЩҶǺң֮ҲΪҪһЩˡ
˼ƹ΢΢϶ֺõɫҶҵˣСǾĺܣȷʵУ빫Ӻ͹¡
ŮӼƹȻӣüһڰϵĽֱ۲Ļ˻Σӽ㶼˼һͬ⣬ҶҲǶô˲ãһССĿջƹ񶼲ӡ
ƺŮӵĸܣɫеҲסһɱȰ㲻ҪƲԳԷƣѱԤߣⷿ䣬˵ʲôҲҪˡ˵ţֲһӣһɵɫһ
ֻһ죬ջԱߵľ޴ʯʯмɣڵŨУʯϺȻһ󶴡
̧֮þʯɷĩǸʿٲͬ⣬׼ԼһӣǣͻûҪǵԼϷû£ϣ뵽ͷһǲã
ԾǸ󶴣ƹͨһ¹˵ϣĪСʵѴʵûа취£빫ӷġһ˵һʹĿͷ¹Ѫ档
ʱȴһӵ𣬡ջҰˣ˭ס
ƹһݣȴһɴʯˡ
һ뷢԰ף񾫹ɫ಻һ˿Ц߲ջڡһλӡһ֣ڳ˵Ŀ⡣
ʹԼʮߡңֱķбɵӢͦüϸ̲ĺĴǷ޳ߴȴģҹеӥȴʢˣȻɢǰصơ
û˷뷢԰סһǿߣǴϿ߽ǿߣһµƣǷ۹⣬ԾһѹȸС
ƹҪϲ˵׼õİķ֮ʣȴ߹һ֣ûõĶʰõϷλӡ
ʯֵƳһһߵˣֻǰּʯİӴ˿ɫңŮѴʱһ֮ɫźӡ
Ҷң߲мĺһ
üͷһ壬ְȭȴóȻ֣оߺͺӵ˿Ϣ˵Ȼֹ߳һصˣ˭ܵи󵽰ɣƾʲô
ֻǰӻû˵꣬ʯһѹ֮£ȻͨһȴҲ
סˣҹ͹Ӵľ壬Ů߳һ˵Ҳ˲ŷŮӾĹ˳ȥһգ۵ĹܵûӰӡ
ջѹѸٵʧʯŻͷضԺӵϷŲҹˡѾΪ׼õϷʲôҪϷЧ͵ģԸ


9  

ʯϣֵ½īͫˡ
ʱͨͲͨԱԶֳӪһ׿ԿĸǳɹģΪǴ»һ߸ϵԴࡢֶ࣬۴ӻָ㻹ǸԴ϶Ҫ˼ҵĺԽĶ࣬ȻҲһЩȼһҲҪһЩ
˿һīɫźŮʱɳһǸ
Եµ̧ͷ˿½īͫȻ̲ס˼ۣбģһϲĶѣ򵥵ʻûм¼Ӫһ㶼ͨģΪԲﻹ
˱ĵ۹ۣ½īͫ۾˸żĹâһƽһϢ˫ֻƽۡƳȵİʯϣʯɫʼ仯ǳֹ̡̡̡ͣ
ʯɫı仯˵ɫҲ֮仯̲סг쿴߼ˡ
ûͣأ쵽˼ˡ˵۾ĿȻڲ½īͫĸҵС㣿Ȼܵڰ˼
ܵ˼ҿһһûǵôһŮѽ˭˻ش
иϳ½īͫ˷ܵ˵ʶС㣬Ĳ½ǸŮ˵ǰһӻԼԶ˶ǣôܵڰ˼
ʯɫֹɫϸһʯδ𻵣µӲĿһ½īͫȻﵽڰ˼
½īͫڰ˼ͨµԽ
ǿռʹʡӶʹѹסм½īͫߵǶǽ»ӪưٻһƬ΢СҶÿ˶һֵɫӦӪӦûͨЩ֮Ƶġ
ͱһ˿ݳҲһֵֻƺһζǾǡȤ
վݳԱߣ½īͫԣ۾һֱû뿪ʯɫı仯ԽԽ˾죬Ǿ졣
ôܵڰ˼ôܣԼҲֻŸո߼ѣԼ֮ǰùľ
ֱɼʱǲԼĶ䡣ʲôʱôǿģҧһƺҪҧˣߣ⣬ڶʣǺǣĺڣ˭㴦Ҫҵķͷ
ס˲䷺Цݣ½īͫӭȥ
īͫողԵʱҵĿᵽɤˣƽͨˣҲˡǵ½īͫ֡
Цݣ½īͫﰵԺЦȴһɸм㣬ģⲻǺúõͨ𡣡
ݳ½īͫ˵̲ס߹ݳ۾ˣɫ΢΢Щȴֿ˻æڳΪӭ
ݳȴƮ½īͫʶƳһ½īͫкԸĵƹӣԶ½īͫԶ˵ĺء˵ת½īͫīͫλƼҳӣݳ
ޣá½īͫЩ죬ݳȻʶƼҵĴڻ˲֪˲ģƼҹӣǿǶԺպһơ
ܴﵽ弶ʿģ˵ֻƼҵݳһ˶ѣʮ굽ڰ˼ʮһھżʮͻƻƽףΪʿ弶ʿڶǶĽ̾Ķ
ݳ˵ͷһ˿Ϊûио仰¶ȣСʶͲʶУֻҪ֪ݣÿ˶һֺõġ̬ȣ½īͫȴֻǵһ仰ƵһЦ˶ѡ
ݳ½īͫﲻζݳƹӣ㿴ǱߣûҶҵĶҲͨ˰ɣߣǹȥʡ½īͫڰ־ݳˡ
½īͫҲ߿ΪѾͨˣͦΪˡԺȫͬ½һ飬ϧ
½īͫһزŵĿԣҲûжˡ˲ãһزԾȫˡ
һؿʵҲǰѴ˾֮һأ½īͫоһǰһִĵλпԱԣȰѴ󲿷˹˵ʣµСΧԵȻڽоϸɸѡ
ᾭһصɸѡ֮˱ˢʣµ֮һԼʮˡ
һµӽʮ˴㳡һյϣȻ㳡һʯ棬ڻµӵͬ߳ڹ㳡롣µڶزԿʼʡ
ʲԵķҲΪ򵥣߶ÿһԱвԣԽҲǵ
ǲпģ˳ɹʧܣɹ˹ȻˣʧܵҲѹʧ䣬Ȼ֮ĳɹʧܣһʱĳɹĿʧܣʧҲܻɹûоԵĺ뻵κﶼԡ
ڶزѾһͨ٣ͨ˶ࡣ½īͫվڵȴԵȺվһ
ݲԵĽȺԾȻֳ˲ͬȺ䣬ͨ٣˸߲ңһЩδμӵڶزԵЩ̸һƬ𾴺ɫ·ԼЩ˵˵ԼҲΪͨԵ˶Ƶġ
Щˢȴʮְһįɫ֮ûж˱˴˵ˣЩûвμӲԵҲûʲôܶЩ˵һɱӺ˵飬˭мʧΪأ
½īͫ⣬ǹ⵱⣬ֻǿįŮӵʱ̲ס˵ЩοĻ˭ʱӵˣлʱҡԸ죬Ƕѡ
įŮԳţ½īͫûк̸Ե飬˵ЩԵŮȴ˵֪ĺã㿴˶ûҵģ밲οңİɣû£ﶼΪңҲûжѹ˵ˣһͨһһлġ½īͫѯʵ
㲻֪زԣһˢҲûлˣڶʺõͨԺͳΪɵӣͨģڵػܹһλᣬֻҪһܹõǰƸɵġ촽¶һ˿ЦݣЦһֲҡ
½īͫףԭһһصˢǵڶЩ˾ͿԳΪɵӣأֻҪǰ


10  ļ

ƫһλεһͦΣĿ㲣ֽİ׷ڴϣƺ˯
ֻ߲δ˯ţȻ۾ǸӾһҵʯţһĶֱȷʵûˣ漴ʧı۾ϼӣٿţƺڽĵʲôˡ
֪˶ã׷ͻȻۣ¶ϲɫһ˫Ŀһ⣬ʱܹضڴʵ֮ǿ
һֳֻŴߣŬ̧ӣ̫һѪӿȴۡһ³һѪѪڴߵʯϣһƬɢŨصĶԼѾ˾綾
ֻʯ֨ѽһ˴ˣˡ
һһߣ뷢԰ףƵܰ㲻κα飬ֻһǰڴߣǹѪ˿ѵİ׷ߺ󣬲űɫæһȥСĵķδԼİ׷ߣһ˿
ţôˣǿסбʹǵѪȥ
ңʯڵĹ׷Ȼʮļץסʯ֣һʡ
ʱʯˣǹĶǸһϮ֮˵ҹӣٷš
תٷܵţλҹҹˡ
̧ȥٷֻᣬԼʮ߰ˣīĿ䡢üƽʹΪǣԼ۷ΪȻܲ˵һ˿Ϣɼ˵ʵɲ⣡
漴üĿ£Ҫȭֻһ̲סһʹһ˿Ѫǰȴ޷ӭͼ¡
ҹ쵭ٷ㣬ɨһǵĺѪü΢壬˰֣ʾٷ㲻ضΪѾȷ˽⣬ٷ˾綾ƺⶾѽ⣬Ҫ
һ˿ЦٷҡҡͷԼĶԼⶾҪԼˣֻƴһΪӲдһ̶ѡݵͣһ£ƺΪһƺ¶ģֻ붷һ¡˵ţʹȫӴϷ
վһߵʯһǰȥ䵹صٷ㣬ȴһƿٷأ˫ϥأѵķڵϣֻһ£빫ӴӦ

һҹûзӦҧҧ˵Ҳû˵ˣҹӣǰֻһԸϣҹڽͨĵѡһмѵģꡣ
ڣǧ½һɣʵĪ⣬ǿÿһʥأܹôɿ϶ڴưܡ
ľٷеǷ񶨵Ļش
ҹԾû˵˼ʲô
ٷҹԲ𻰣еͱ˼˼㣬˰ˣҲ֪Թ˵ǷǷֻ֮ǡ
˵ȥˣѵ˵Ī¶ΪȻȫ޲Ըܹڲ֪жģ֮ˣֻһϧǲܿɶĻҵлٵ
һǰЩ΢춯һߣжĻֻ̥û뵽ôͶˣȴ֪˭µĶôеĶеǺֶ
ٷеϣ֮⽥Ϩ𣬾ʱһͳɳԴԵɤֻƺʡ
еĶǶڵ߾ˮ
⻰ʯεѡ
߾ˮ˼壬֮ƶɣ֮亱ȡһκֻҪմһζҺʱ˵ֶںƶɵ߾ˮ
Ҵ˶ֻóʹĶڷƣʮϡУ˵һҲֵ˶ڶŶҩ
˶һǳͻص޽ҩԸͰԵɣȴɫζ˲ֻҪ¶һܹѣҲǴ˶֮ϡеԭ֮һ
ѵ˺Ͷٷأʯ˵֪ҹôжϳеĶ߾ˮǼȻҹ˵ˣԼеı߾ˮ죡
»ᰵ׷顣ʯһѹû˵߾ˮȻе߾ˮôܹжֵ֮Ѿ漣
ٷͷһʹоԼʱ䲻ˣ̲סֵҹӣ֪֪ܷӦµ󣿡
ر壬ЩɵĵһŰֽûܵӰ죬ѡһһҲЭʯҵ¶ı֮ˣЩӣһɷչ׳ôԼҲĿˡ
һⶾԱֻǻҪſָܻҹǴʣ˵ͳɳƵɤڤڤдͬʱֵһɵƿ
ٷƿⶾ߾ˮĶѵнҩô᣿ô᣿
ʯȴǴϲæƿȥֻһɢɫҩƿڡ
ҩúٷʯȴҹ첻֪ʱѾˣʼնûлشٷ
ţѹҹȻûлش𣬵ǲʾᡣ
涾ҹѰæˣҪʲôأٷͣͣ۾һᡣ
ʯӽ쿪ʼҪչһʱ䣬⣬˵ұչˡ
ǣš
ɣһɣȴ⻼Ʈҡ֮У֮˰¶֣ɻ񣬲֪·
ٷ޷ջ˼ֻǣʱԼȴˡ


11  Ѫڷ

ɵıʣ½īͫȫȻ֪ŬŬΪɵһԱ
ֵ½īͫʵʱ˶
˵ĳŮﵽڰ˼ǿһ㲻֣Ͼʲô鵤ҩң߳ͨҲʲô£һͨĲͨƶ˼Ůˡ
½īͫƽԼоԵģȻռһأôж;ǡӵõĿռܱͻƵڶأ
ߵߵǰҪ£ƽĵȴԡһԵµȷݡ
½īͫƽ򶨡
½īͫһ֣üëƺʲôһ䡣
ǵġ½ī̲ͫס̧ߡ
˫һ˿֮ɫһû½īֻͫ񾫹Լ֮ˡһ½īͫ˵һ䣺Ϣ½īͫԶΪ߽һָֻ½īͫͷپһȵĸоͷ
ʱһһֹȥʼձͬƣüͷȴԽԽ
һֱע½īͫȺʱҲ΢ɧҶ֣˲ֻҪʱ伴ɣڰ˼ŮӲʣȴȥ˰Сʱûжʱôôǲʲô۶ӣ
ʱеɻȴһһǳԼʶͷųȥѾͷ˲¼ʮˣǣΪʲôԼͷųȥ̽ʶһŮӵţ뺣һ㡣ʶԾܲߵȫأԼͨʶ̽죬˽ⱻߵ
ֻһΪʲôٴο½īͫһۣҪ֪ʵԶǿԼôпܽʶ⣬Ҳ޷̽죬ǣŮֻڰ˼ͽѣԼǾżʦʵ֮ΪʲôܹԼʶ
Ȼһ֣ѵ漴ƷԼ뷨ôܣֻ֮ڴ˵УԲܵģܵġ
ôԼʶʲôݣԼ֮Ҫ֮£Ůɽɣ֮߷˶½īͫʵ̽졣
һ½īֻͫͷȸʧ۾߶˵һ䣬ˡʾˣֵԱߵĻµ˵һ仰¹˽½īͫûͨԵĽ
ʧ벻⣬ô᣿½īͫͷɻ󣬾⣿Կռǵʻᱻ̭ȻԲԿʼһƵĿһֱ׷Լ˳Ŀ⿴ȥͿĵЦһˡ
Զϲ⣬ֵ֮ɫͷһֱŵһʯͷһӰˣǺǣԼһпȷʵã
һʱоĻŭţָ½īͫݳưɣǸðǸ½īͫСǸʲôҲãȰμᣬǷϲ֮ʾҲᱻѡϣǲⲻҲȡ衣
üɫĶݳ˵ţݳһԲûĻȴȤЩᣬֻ˳ָ򣬿½īͫʧܺƽˮ˫ʧܺ۾ԽԽ˼ˡ
Ժܿ쿪ʼˡȵһءڶأпġΪһأʮ߸Ҫǰǰķʽǣƴ׳ܣҪǰ
½īͫĺˮѾʪ·մϣ˿ûвֻһͷʵħףȡǰ
Ħÿר빬ѡĵطʵһɾŰپʮżʯɵĶɽ·ÿһʯֶָһһʯȥɽ¿ʯ׽ӵȥһ㣬ԳΪĦס
һʱȻ֪Ҫʵ޷ֵ󣬵½īͫǲ£ʮελáľԽһЩˣ׷ϵʮͬʱҲǿҵĸоѸģǰʮѾȫ͸֧û˿ÿһǳѡ
ģټӰѾˣҲͻв·ˡ֮ͣǰ˵Ůڳ½īͫʱңиĿ꣬ҲԼһ㡱
Ů̾һԼȽ֣ʻʵİŮӣǲй涨Ԯʵ̫ˣ̫ˣĦ˳ѵǣܶ;˵ֵܹѾǸ漣
½īͫмЦЦû˵Ѿû˵һ֣ڵѾ߻ˣֽŲãһһʯ
Ѿ֪˶ٸʯףʶһĶѾԶȥ֧ģֻĵ׵ǷɸĸεγɵģǸԼΪϲĵŮγɵģԼҪľγɵģһ־ᶨˡ
ΪֽŲʯף½īͫѾʯϷıԵĥƤҲĥ鲻ֻϥǵƤ¶˳Ѫ졣
·ϣһѪµǳӡǣ½īͫ˿ѾоʹֻʶĶԼǰŮӵģӰе
Ůӻͷв̣ʵڼֲȥˣ̫ΪԼǲͨҲûʲô˵ģȥŵƽҲͦá½īͫûз̾˿ǰȻҲǷǳۣǻǿ֡ٳ˾ܺ½īͫһǰˣһͰɡ
ǰڱ׷ϣŮӺ½īͫǰյѾܽˣѾԿĦ׵ľͷ
ʱ·һӱˣǰʯױһӰӷ죬һһѵֻǸΡ
ʧȥ֪֮ǰ½ī̧ͫͷһۣպûһ˿ʣǰʱʹõɫĻ
Լǰϲڽţôɫ죬ҡ֦ŷ񴩹գ֪˯ˡ
۾һڣͷһᣬʯϣȻһǰƣŴʯϡһС̯Ѫµĵط紵Ѫ˳ŷʯףһһΣеƮɢڿУеʯС
⻰
~~
ϲҹǵͫͫҪҹˣĳأϲУôô~


12 ˸ɫɫ

½īͫԼλʯһҾµĿջĵһ飬˽⵽ԼڵĦһʯ׺赹ѾͨᣬΪɵһӣֻˣԱڿջˡ
ڿռȪãָķǳ죬ĥƵĴС˿ڲܿϣûһ˿̺ۣƤɹ
ռʮ־ϲĽռĲˣ˷֣Ĳ˷ڴ
Ȼרڿռ˿Ȼ׼ȷĸ֪ԣһص˳ݶʱѸٳ˿ռ䣬ǽߵĺڰ
ֻɲǼ䣬ˣ˲ǳģǳŸڵġ
ھʲôˣûмԲ֪ǴӿջƹͻǹС̬ƺһ͡
ðͷʱûٺʱû٣óĿǻˮ㡣
½īͫĴ򿪴ӣݶŵķ͵ķ֣ղһĶȥˣոݶġſŶһᣬûй͵˿ƺûˣЦˣû˲񲻹
Ȼû½īͫǺܽĵſ촰ϣȿһô£һ֮˶ˣôҲ벻ڹٸƵģȴ˸ɫɫ
ˮж컣ĳѹ·ԡûԡ
һʵɫƱкӹļϣɢ˹ʹŨ˳Ľëסӣ·ԼӪ
кµīЩʪһּһݵļϣĵδˮ˳ͦǣؼ޳ĸ
Ʈصʣ·׹뷲ϴԡɣһǵһĿѣԵջһֶҵأ
ʱ޳ֱۣǰһ̽һϯصĺºܿϡ
𣿡ԴɳƣԵõͳԸУӺϾĸת·ڴǰɫ¹ϣ޾
½īͫ۾΢УͻǿϢ˲侯ǾΪǿֻǻûӦѾ뷿ڡ
½īͫＷ֣˸ơȻôϧʵʵˤһӡ
ҹû뵽һССѾͷӷϻĵīĿ΢ϸ
Զܴ͸һ㣬½īͫо·𱻰о
ָоܲˬ
ָоΣգ
ǣ½īͫˣþȫٶϣһźذֱӡ
ֻһɲǣ½īͫȻԼذױӽ޳ָס˿á
˲ҡЩɳƵԸٶ
½īͫϷذףһ䣬Сֱ̧ۣƣϮš
治¡Ʈ£һۣ漴½īֿͫڱͬʱ½īͫӦ̧һӣ½īͫϵɴ£¶°ľɫգĹ˹Ըеıɫ
⻰ҹīĿ½īͫɫһƲᶶ˶䣬ȻЦˡЦ˳ǵɢϣͬǵ¹˲ԭͿ毺õһ޶˵Ĺԡ
ǳЦˮ£Ů·ӯӯһЦʤǻ
ҹ죬ʱһͣͷһ˿Ī΢΢ǶŮе֥㣬ǰŮü𣬼ѩ౴鶯̺Ǻ޵ӣ밴ݺݵ
һ˲䣬СһɧһǿҵĿīĿ䣬īʯȾ֮ɫڻѹ£
ɾڴ˿̣½īͫһֶֻˣ磬ֱʺߣڴ£ôľ룬һܹ֡ȴڳֵ˲䣬ҹֵ̧ס
˵˲ңֻⶾе˼Ƕڵĵӣ½īֻͫεĸסҹ˵Ѿָ
½īͫһ֪ԼϻɢЧˣǰһδʧЧҩ
ʱ½īֱͫҹĴָס󶯵ã˼ҹĻһַǳվš
ҹͷɫƽˮĶͷˮ΢΢ʹ˳ŨܵĽëסһУ̲סʵʲô֣
ǵƣ½īͫеʯ⻬Լԣɳʪīɨһŵĺи˵Ϣ
½ī̧ۣͫײ˫ڵīĿȷſң
⻰
ҹӵľϲԺ½ڸӴǵղأôô~


13  ָл

ҷſ͸𣿡ҹĵͷü΢Щʡ
½īͫһ漴գգ۾Ȼ
Ҳšҹ쵭˵½īͫϸ޹ǵС֣ɨõΣڵīĿƺЦ⡣
㣡û½īͫӦҹѾΡ
½īͫһ漴˫һ˲һ˪ʲô
ҹ½īͫһֲֻûͣ£Ҵһ·ϣı
ס֣ҹۿҪصʱ½īͫͷһͣȻ͵һ̧ײҹ򢣬ͬʱᾢҹ壡
ҹһСѾͷ治ʵҶôݣܿ½īͫһײһɵסһߣΪߣǺˣٶȴˡ
½īͫҹһ֮£һƯķת˳Ƶɳȥ뿪գѾԾ⡣

½īͫӵ֪ͨɽҪΪŵӾʽͬʱʽϽŲԡԱΪʽŲԣǷǳҪһβԣԼĳ·ڵϵţţЩǾԼĽɾ͵Ĺؼء
֮ǰȥ׻ѲٻؼһˣԼߵ
׻ǿԽ׸Ʒĵط½īͫһˣҵһ̯λúߵ˿Ƨӿռ׼õĺó
һʮʮȡѾ׼õһ鲼İڳСѡ
һӣŤͷ߿˿漴һмƲһ죬УΪʲôϡЩƺģҲ˼õôôȥɡ
½īͫӣ⻰ͣȻҲ˿ĶϹϡԲСʲôģǧ½ʸɺ⣬߲ȷʵǳ֮
½īͫûʲô˵ģ
Ϊ׻ᣬ˹ÿһǾϸѡģռĲ˵ؾȪ࣬ĲִʣζãصذƯ֮ǰڿռȪȫϴһ飬˵ǺִԲϲˡ
׻ȺһתӵľУſɤӣһһûԹôֺóԵ߲ɤ˲׻˵ˡ
һ򣬱̯ǰ;ۼ˲ˡ
˵ֲʲôϡ߹֮еʧ
磬䲻ϡϡұ֤϶ûԹôóԵĺҲûԹôóԵųԣִ𡣡
ôĽܣѾߵֻعͷųԣССͿɲƭˡȫһŵɫ
½īͫһĲţ۾һתЦЦɤӣɣÿ˿ƷһһòóûϵƷҪǮúóÿͭ塣
ĺ£϶½īͫĻɣв㳢һ
ЩͺҶѾϴķǳɾֱӳԡ˵һɴҧһڣһŨɫ֭Һ˳ɢŨŨϢ
Ĵһţζ˿ǻ½īͫԼֵ⣬̬ǰĹܹϻóԺòã
һǣǺԥذĲһɳɳĳԶζ˲
Ȼÿˣȿֺض½īͫ˵ʮʮҸҪʮ½īͫæǮѲ˰˵ˡ
е˵ԼϣǮ½īͫ󣬿æԼòˡ
һۿŲԽԽ٣ֻʣǲʮԼںȴżĴУҳһӣʣµȫҪˡ
һԱ߻Ҫ˲ˣУôܶҪأ㶼ҪҾҪˡҳȫˡ
ûһ׷ײˡ
ҳȫˡ
ҳʮ
ҳʮ
½ī̯ͫʱ򣬸˵ļֱҪɵȥˣ֮ǰ뵽ЩԼȻ˶ʮأҪ֪ЩǮһͨͥ˵ֱǵһĿ
~ԱĿɿڴ񿴱ϷһתĿ½īͫĲһĸɸɾʵھǴΣʲôɲˣȻӵٶߣȻ½īͫԵʣԼĲ˵ۿһ˲١ҪܺϵϵԿ½īͫ־Ҫߵʱ̲ס㡱ˡ
½īͫӦͷŤͷһЦȰôôȥɰ~


14   ϵӰɣ

û½īͫһ굽ռռŨʹΪѸ٣죬һ͸оһ͵ĸоͨӣֵ΢һһıǿ𽥱
ʱһɫΣԽԽǿɫԽԽԣڣһɫըѰɢ½īͫռ־Ҳͻơ
ͻǲεıԺ½īͫԼŲûб󣬷С˺ܶࡣ
ͬǣŲһɫϡţΪһСǳɫҺ壬ƯڵУתյ˿˿漴Һ壬澭С
ӹ½īͫףԼȻͻڣڰ˼һԾƽס
ͨˣ˵ĳһڣһһҪһĻڵƽһûиأǺģ½īͫȴڶ̶̵һڣӰ˼һԾƽף֪ڱУǶôĴڣ
ֻԼҪæһ£ҪԺúõľӪһ˵ӪǮԼһ˾һҲ˵ӣԼ£ǰ;һƬǣôֲܰӰԼأ
˼һᣬ͵ԼҵĶأˣԼҵ£ӰԼֵصĺ֡
뵽½īͫ԰תһȦЩ뵵ķһӰѲ԰һЩ˵ռ⣬ŲռȻ˿䣬ʼձʪʣٽռ䣬ȴǿһĲ˵ؾȻ֡ˣһҲû١
˲԰ĺô½īͫǸɫĽ磬ռ̫ˣ֪ʲôǰûзֵĶ
ɫǰͻڽƽףΪʿҲɫǴһ㵭ɫһ˿˿ɫƲ״͸Ľһ˿΢ĲӦơ
ʧԺһɫͤڿռܰ˳̽ǵδ䣬ȺΰɾȪԣһ麺ڷϣȻдš硱֡
½īͫɻⲽڣֻһĮ̇԰ɫשɣ̨Ŀ֡
½īͫɻֿȥ磬磬̲ر߼ȿɵ֮Ϊ翪󣬿ʹռŨһٱڿռٶ֮һٱ
Ｔ½īͫһȻԸҲ޷ˣһٱǱʾԿȣһ־ž޵̬Լʲôֱǰдʻˬһٱ
ޱȼ飬½īͫȥַ磬Ϊ硢ҩ硢磬Ϊȼ磬˽ԶṩһĹҩ˵ȼҲӦ仯ṩס
ҩÿһ޲ǵıҲ̫˰ɣϵڱ
ټȥΪܽ磬ɵÿһ츳͵ҽĸСߡȵȣݵȼ츳ѳΪʿɷɵһö
½īֱͫԼ۾ܣǲ칦ܣҵ죡̲סҲ̫̬˰ɣȺ£ĶϵڱѽϵӣǵһܰĽӣһֹһ飡
̨Ϸһֻƿ½īͫȡܷĸӣһöɢҩƿŬѹסͷļĵ϶ɵˣֻǲ֪һʲôûнųԣСĵİѰƿڻҪȵⱦȫԺٳԡ
̨ϵ֣ϸܿ˿ֻͤڷΪңÿҵſԵ񻨷װΣͼоΪԾӵĴֱ֣дŹ硢ҩ硢磬룬ôνȼˡ
Ų߽磬ֻһŵʯ½īͫȥһףΪ߿ʵ߽ףʵ˲ȫ
½īͫǸ׶ɫҲɫб䡪̫ǿˣȻҲ̫ţˡҪֶ֪ԾǶԷ㣬˵һֱ㣬ʧǧ֮һ룬Ҳ¶Էأ⹦ʵǱ̬
깦½īͫҩ磬ֻǸʯֻǲǹҩʯϿţˡҩ䡷ϰ׿ʶҩݣϤ״á÷нٶ֣߽ҩ뵤Ʒڵҩ½ī̲ͫסüë˶һҩʦ˵бĶ
һδƽһļȥ磬ֻ͵ǡ׷ʽΪƽ׼ɿ׼½īֱͫˣֱֻĶ֣ףҪ֪Ƿǳѵõģ֮ѵΪһżǳѣɣ˵ҲûжҺܶ໹ǲоȻܹ߳һ׵ףʵǲܲп
ƺεĸо½īͫ˱磬ȻȪӱȡɵԥȥĥ֪ܸʲô칦ܣ
ֻоһȵĸо𣬽ɢȫʶ硣
ƺһЩӿӣƺһЩ𣬼۾ϣ۾·𱻹ڻһ㣬ʧڹȻһ˫󺣰޵׵ڹֱĵףȻĿʼڴתֱֱֻۣƱ⴩͸һΪɢŹâ͸ֵȫĻҲȥ
ʱ½īͫͻȻеƾճһ֣ҽ츳Ҫʵۺܣܹһۿκ˻ֿɢ֮ǡӾͨˣҽβ̽ƣָȵȡ
½īͫ˫ĿޱȣĿ˫ӯ磬ƺ̲͹âһҪ˹ѾʵˡôԼԺǳʵҽˣԼǰҽ˶ʿ칦ܣ绢ÿҽˣ
˼һᣬ½īͫЦԼ½īͫ½īͫǾģʲôʱֶ⵱е˼ˡת˼ˣôҩˡռʱ粻һдѵʱá


15  

ļ죬½īͫԼռڿʼ߲ȫĵ
Ⱦʵļ̫ˣȻ׷УϾκ˶Ī
ڿռʱ䳤ռȪˮϴӣãĿǰʣȫĻɹ
½īͫܵ˱翪ռĲѰѾһ·һ㣬׷еһʽ֪ɹԺЩܸľ޴仯ľǿͶ˼ܹоģľ̶Ҳܹоġ

á½īͫؼһˣůůġ
½īͫŵʱһʰ鶫һϤġΪԼĻþһ̧ͷԼıŮеվԼǰԼͫˡ
ϲӵϸһŮ֮󽥽ƽŮˣͤͤˣڿ£ȴһֳǿʡ
ĸһҳ½īͫûзֵӰӣأ
̾һûˣ̫û֣ûʲôвסȥҴ̹ȥˡ
½īͫ˼һ£̲סüңǲǸ˳˵ң
˭֪Ƴǳĸȫǵرռһ룬ϼ忪Щջƹݣνǲƴ֡ǣҼүȴֳĺԹ͵ĹΪ̱ݶ˵вٹҸɻԵ˸˵ţҲΪˣҵĹǮҲһЩ
Цһ£˭˵أֻǼȱǮȱֻҸĹǮߣ˵˶֪ҶԹ˿̱飬ǲȥңĸЩˣ
Ϊ½īͫģסϵɫЦ˵ͫȥһˣ˵ɵĲأǮҲ٣İ
ͷʱͷˣȥн½һԣͫƿ쵽¹ʱˣȻᣬȥнҪ֪ˣһܸˡ
½īͫ˵ĸ׵Ļ΢ģǾȥҺһȥ
ԶԶģլӵĸǽԺΰ̽Ƿܸߴ󷱸޲ʾҸۺĲֻԽ߽½īͫǰƺΧһЩˣͷӶ˽
ûߵǰȴһ˱ͷ˳滹һӵˣһӺݺݵĳ˴ȥһߴɻģǽ͵ģҽ͵͵
ͷ䲻϶ȴѶ㿪ҲȻѰ˼ӣ޴֮ƤѪֱ
ſѾˣû˸ҳ־ȱ֮ˣ˭֪ҵļҶ׺֮˭˭ùԶĿš
ȵ½īͫ޴֮½һԵʱ½īͫеŭҪըˣѸٳ嵽֮ǰһֶ˵ıӣһ˹ȥ
ñֻ֮ǰһžһһʹһԴз˳ȥ۵һ䵽ϣûü߳һǳǺݺݵĴ
˶ĳһӣ漴۵໽УȴӲĺܣҧгݵĲʲôˣҴңҿҵˣɾͱˣң㻹ҡ
½īּͫȿ׼ԥҹʲôҵҵģľ㣬ҴҵҲ㡣
˱شֱܼȥ
ʱѾ½һԴӵϷ𣬿ϵļ޺ۣ۵ᶼˣ½һȴ֣û£죬ͫס֣ȥ
ҲʮǵﲻģһССũ˼ңֲܺƴֵĴ󻧶æܹȥס½īͫ˵ͫˣǲ𰡡
½īͫһֻ˵Ϊǲ۲űô۸ġģʲôҵš˵ţһֻһע߷ͷһ˦£ܼңҸ㣬˭ҲȲ㡣ֵֻıžĴ˲ϣһѪۿûˡ
ʱһƺӰ𣬡ҵҪ˭ıӵҴſҰ
վſڵȺһƬƺڶߵļɵÿ˶ѹ˽ҳһڴ
쿴ܼˡ˵֮˴žȵС˲ãȻܼԳ档
˵ܼҿһʵʿ
˵С£С²ˣ˭֪ܼҿǸݽɫƤӵԼ˸ˣֱ̫ͷ϶˰
Ҳ˷޷޲ƽ̫۸ˣԹԲͶ½ֵʶҺʵˣô͵۸ˣСúã˾ӦôΡ
Ҳɻ󣬡С￴мֱ£ӾͰ˸ˡҡҡͷֻôСֵ²Ķ֣˼ҿ弶ʿе̫Բˣڼʯͷ
һʱ۷׷ס½īͫһӳԺûˣܵ½һ߲鿴ƣĿһ۾Ϳ˵˵ֻǽǡ
һʯͷԺ½īͫǸվڴſڱΪܼҵˡ
ӿ࣬ȴֶԵӷײϵٱһѷ⼷üֻԼɼһֻϸ۾èɢ֮еľ⣬˿½īͫʱ½īͫǽشֱޡ
һ۵ǸѾһغˣĸҪ˸ɵģ
½һһȫƵʹǰܼңСŮ½īͫ£һʱʧִ˹󸮵ˣϣдСӼƽϡ
һ½һԣˣ˵ɣҲдˣ˶٣ϸС۾¶׹⣬׻˵ĺãһһôܶԵסҸɻĵǣ
۾̲ס½īͫɨȥϸС۾΢΢ŮǲҪܰˣ̲סЦˣԼȻѾʮС檣ǴŮŮʵǣô˵أʣʵڱһζ


16  ϹĹ

ܼңСŮ£ŮһμĶ£ţּ£̲סҪͷڵأȴվһԵ½īͫס
һ̧ͷ½īͫᶨ˿־֮ɫˣԼǸһᵨСϲڵŮ
½īͫӯһյǰ֬۵촽ԾĻ·ǰӵ½С檻˴Ů嶸Ȼһǿҵ
ŮҲǲԡ۾׹ѱһɳռֻһǡ
ʲô½һԽ׷ʡ
ĺٺЦֵһָ½īͫǡźҡ
һֱڹȺһƬȻ
˵ѾʮС檣ѵҪСʮһ
ʮһôˣ˼еǮ˭ϲĺģң˸ˣǲĻĺùӳԣ
½һһ漴ɺ޵ļһԭԼŮ⣬ǣͫװףݶͫ£˻ȥ뵽ҧܼңŹŮҪǷҪĻϷɡ
ֻ˵һ仰һѿĲͷһ֪ͣһͷǰĴʯʨײȥ
½һѵһƵվȲˤûվȣȻ½һԵĻͼŵĴˣ޺ţҲվ
һƬ𡭡
ۿ½һҪײʯʨӵʱ˭ҲûзֻӰһ½īͫƾճһ㵲ʯʨӵǰ棬̧½һԸоһ͵ľԼȥƣֱ
Ľ½һԷã½īͫסỨѹסͷʣﰵŮһ˺
һԼ飬ĶʲôʵĺֻһҲԼʲôУ⣡򱾹⣿ϹĹۣ
ϲ½īͫ˵ĻҪ֪ܼңƳǿһĸŲٺ֣˭Ҷܼ˵ֱҭûιȥ
Ⱥ½īͫĻٿһֵһӣȷмƣһûסۡЦֻǰϽЦݣͷסٷ
㣬㣬ҡݺݵɨһɧȺǵͨ죬ãܺãȻҾԸͨͷųʶ̽飬Ѷ½īͫʵһδﵽƽ׵ͽѣǳıӵôǲɫǰ̧ͷ
˵½īͫɫԾʮֿϧɫҪܵͷ»֪ʲôߵغ񣬵ȵƵĵʱҲ١
ǰ˼ĵһƻӳֻԼ֪һǴ߷ߣһͽ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ȺϽܲһƵѹòˣҲѹ¿ڱѪδͨ˵ʿ弶߳ҲԳܵġ
½īͫ䣬ѸͷųסԼĵ
ûжǲ붯ǴһƴѹѾе·
弶ʿ𣿡½īͫǹ˹ô
ȺɢԶովʱ½īͫˣǶˣһ˷˼ٶȺͷʽˡ
ֻһӰһƮƮȻ£ŰӰ£һҫŰ׹ĻžƮȻ¡컨꣬ɷǺÿȴɱ˵
۾ûô۾Ǿ㵣ҲţһССͽȻɵľͽԼЩôȴɣа㴩͸Լ壬ԣͽôͽֵֻʵ̫ˡ
ϣˣһŹǣֻɱѾͷܱȫǵһĻĴľڼҶŻع֪˭һ䡣
һ˷ӵϣȴ½īͫбһɸ߹Ϣͷţѹ£ȴûܶˣֻĿ½īͫһȥ
һɱ½īͫĵһҽˡ
ʱ۾·һˮ̶˸ŵǹ⣬½һԵ;ĳǰֱһ͸ķ壬ɫĹâ½һԱӴ˵˿ϣ漣ͳˣ˿ѸٵϣϺûһ˰¡
ҽʵǰĲٰˣɹԼϢҲΪˣܹ弶ʿĽг䲻⽫𣬶ңԼ׷еĵһʽѣһз䷱ͳ˱ɱʵˬ
ÿԣ۸ҵԣأȻֻһʿѡ


17   ԭǸѾͷ

½īͫڼҴ˺ü죬⼸ԼĶһ飬ѵɺѵطȫɿռ
ٰʱ䴢ڿռĺԼص˵ģЩһܱɴӣһֱƶļͥԣ
ִ˼죬½īͫ˵ҶԹܼ֮ûʲôķӦŴ̰Ҳȥȷ˼ﲻʲô粨ԺŰٺüʽ֮ǰصɡ

ʽһ¡صʽһ磬ʯϾͼˡʽС
ɵľˡŵĵӶڹ㳡룬ΧɃӣܹж֮ࡣ
ÿʽĿΪʽЩŵӵȥͳ·ҲǳעЩ˵
˵ѽɣǻҪͨű䣬Щ˷ΪϵţŵӡЩУֻǰԳΪϵҲζ˿Ϊٮٮ߳ΪŵĹŵӣõΪһָ㡣Ϊŵɶָ㣬ŵԹӪɵĸֲҵ
ÿʽ˭ܳΪϵʼеĵ顣
ЩУݳĺߣϾƼҵͷ죬ͨԻƽ弶ʵȷʵžޡ
Ǻ֣Ӳӵܣȴʵһ㲻˵һ࣬ѵھżһֻſʿ
䲻ңȴǹ֮ң˭֪ɶľ˾ˣ˵ƺǷǳμ⣬û˻ʵҪֻ֪Ҫһڱǿʤ߳˵ģеΪܹ֡
⼸ϣΪϵӵˡ
ȥŵ⣬˿̣ԷֳɡһԴʯϵظΪףһԶǵϵӳΪףһͥµϵΪסˣԳΪ׵࣬ռԼһظһٵһ
ڳҪϵϵΪ־ɃȻγСϵЩϵ֮䳣зÿɶϣ£ǿΪԼˡ
½Ϊǻһɣÿ˶˭Ϊ˭ʵȻǿȻҲзӦĵλҲߡ
࣬˿վһ˵ǰ棬۾վڹ㳡ˣһ룬ϷԸһҪ£ϵӣ˵ŻзԼ˲ܽһ׳Ҳſܽ¡ãȻû˵ʲô¡ǼȻˣôԼһҪá
ظȴƳһ㣬£ɫ΢΢أüͷһֱûɿԼһɵ˲֪ô£һʱвͶ˳죬ƺʲôǰսһ±ϵʱ򣬴ϵɫƺĿ£ĵҲЩѹ
٣һһʹ棬˭ǿ͸˭Ŀ˿ظ裬ǲڰнϾŲ˹ǣͰ̵ʱ򣬵ıضԼ
ʱϺһִҲʯ¡
ԭ۵ˣʼ
ɨһˣϺһִ¾ڳϯλȺʱѻȸƺֻȴϷʽʼ
ʱһһĹȥԼλϣƺûһżӣƺڵˡžȺֿʼСۡ
ףôûǲڵʼ
˵ΪͻƵؽףǰһѾչˣӦòǵ
ôٳٲʼ
ڵʲô˰ɡ
˭ôļӣɿȣ
ԼĪ˰Сʱʱ䣬۷׷ףȵôһµʱֻλ۾һƿʲôͣȫȻһµɫ˳żλϳӭķȥ
ֻһ̵㳡Լʮ߰ңֱбɵĽüĺ޳ߴȴģҹеӥ°ʢˣȻɢŰµƣһƮϢ˸оһƿ¡
˵ɴ۾ͻһּǿƺѹк֮ȺԶóһʯڳϺִ¿첽ǰʯǡͥڵӹӭҹӡ
ҹ쵭ĵ˵ͷƵĵţض㿴
ʱͻȻоһ˫ŭ˳ȥͿȺ½īͫƺ˪Сɷ׵ĺݺݶһ˫ˮ̺ǧɱɱˣʱʬΡ̲ס˹ֵķԭǸѾͷ


18  Ĺ

ҹʯֱϳıȶ̨ϣֶ̬ĳȿڣŽձչأίУ˴ʽҴΪ֣Ҫر˵ǣɺҵ뵽ҹҹӲμǵʽ
̨һƬȻ
ڣھȻˣ˭֪ǧ½һɣʵĪ⣬ǿÿһʥأֲһ־٣ӵôǿƣԭڵˣ˽Ķҹ죬۾˳ݣǳݣ
ȣɻӭҹӺ͸λŵĵӣһһȵʽǻӭͨгΪɵӵҪʽҲµҪӣʵѪҺĸҲɷչ׳ĸ
˶ٽŵʽҪű䣬ǾΪҪ䣬Ҳ˵Լʲô·Լ⣬һҾͲ˵ˡǣһ֮ǲԵǰӣɲμ׵Ļɴȣ
Ҷ֪ڶ࣬Լʮÿ꣬ͻһһɴȣԴȷɵһɲȫĵطҽõʵ۽ķԴɴϣܼѹȺۡεͷĻ򲻽ǹҫ桢ҫ鹣ΪӮϵٹͷĽҩһƷ׵ı
⡪ʯֽŵֹۣͣϸĻűһĵӣýڿѡһƷĽ
˶ˡ
ڿѡһƷڿʲôõıԹŴµĹϺõıԼĵҩЩЩܹһֱȾӻһɵĸźڵλߵϣûܽڿ⣡
ֽű϶ûйԾ۷׷ףۺҪܶ룬Ϊ׵Ĵȣ׼εһˡ
ʯСѯһҹϣȻμ򵥽ŵĶʮӣű俪ʼ
Ҫܼ򵥣ǽгǩȷ֣ȫʤΪһš
ʱ½īͫں޺޵ҹ죬ԭǸһڵˣʥأȻҲǳǣǸһͺ޵ôˣǸͽӣ
һᣬֵ½īͫǩֳ̨һִ֧³漴˫սԱ
ֲϤԼǵս֮˺Եʱ򣬵ʱһڰ˼
ոߵ̨£һŮ˷̫ܵˣװ׵˰죬ӿɷˣصıˢȥˡ
һ仰ʱ½īͫˣǱ˵ɵҩΣԼɵҩɾˡ
ǸŮӵĻ½īֻͫڷƨͲ
ֱӱ½īͫƺŮΪˬб۾һ½īͫƴֲ·ѾͷһǸûʲô£Եʱǿڰ˼˵Լͬһ𣬵Լǰ˼۷壬ʱһҪݺݵĽѵ̧°ͣ޺޵ĵ㣬ʱ򱾹ɲʱ򣬲Ҫġ
½īͫɨŮһۣʵͶ䣬Ӷô£˭ѹŽ𣿸ոôй͵ѽ
˵꣬ȫԱ̵Ůӣֱߵߡ
ٷͦڣֵӣʶģʱһͷȻֻһͷǣ½īͫ½ϣܵĳ֮ΨһһݹػԣȻһ֮УĪģҲһݹġ
ǵڼ˭ս½īͫվߣһ¹յķǳ
ָָ̧Զһӣ˸ŵĹâڰ˼Ǿżоͦаյġ
½īͫͷеġ
һܿ쿪ʼˣÿ˵עԼͬĶڱ̨ϣϾһһȵű䣬ϺִǿԴɫӣպúࣻҲ澿ʵôպá
ǰĳ䣬ڱ˫ʵ⣬ԴҲң˶û˯ûʲôȤ˵峡ʵϽӽϵղ
½īͫһֱýζǴִģֱɴûп
ֻľ۾ȴһֱûע⵽һ˫ڵīĿƮͣϣصīĿƺЦ⡭


19  ôɱ

峡ԣֶԶ
֣֚GǾŽͽԶŰ˽ͽѣⳡ϶ʤ
ԶҲС˵һΪҩʦݣ˵ʵҲ˰˽ͽ۷塣
ҩʦۣǰ˵֮˻һҩʦ־ĶĴڣ˭֪һöССĵҩܹıܶණʵ
˵䣬μӱѾվ̨ϡ
ֻԶ̨󣬾ͳһڵĳ
ȻƽԶƽ֣¸ֲ¡
ûƽȻƷҲƷ߼ƷɣҲֻʿϼĵӣŻһƷ
Ծ̨˫ֱȭڳͽ̵ơһԼĶֲ֣ñ
Զ΢΢˵ͷ䣬Ȼǿڶ֣ѲŰԣˡ
ԶδݵһЦ
˾̨ϵˣֻ̨òҡ˵в࣬ԶһﵽƷ߼ƽֲʵϵĲࡣˣԶǱѹŴ
ȻԶϱһƬɫĹΣг־ҵ˷ֺɲǡѵҪͻƣ
缫ҩȻǷ缫
缫½īͫļҩжԴ˵ҩļطǳϸ缫Ʒҩ缫ܹ֮ûиõߵΪÿһ̷ֻһη缫Ч
̷˷缫ܹ֮߶ٵΪҪ߱˵ʣԽԽࡣ
ڷ缫޸ãֱΪãܹλƷҩ֮УҪ֪ƷҩɣȿģҲֻΪĽƷӴﵽʿŽףʲ׼ͻʦĺʹá
Ϊĵҩһ㶼ʿͻʦĽ׶ηãΪʿͻʦҪͽͻʿѵĶ࣬˾ܹͻѶȺͷգͻߵĳɹʣͽ׶ʹ÷缫
Ƿ缫ıļֵ
ԶΪܹսʤ֣Ҳƴġ
ֿεĺпͷˣ˭Ӯǲһˡ
½īͫԶͻƵļѸջضԷ缫Ļ䣬һԭƽĽƣ֪Լֵĵǡ
ʱ̨ϵıҲ˸߳
Զԭѹŷ缫ҩǿѹȶɢŵҩҩɢΪҲһߣ
Զǰ˽ͽ۷壬ܿͻ˾Žףͻ֮Ϊ
ʱھ㾲˶۾
½īͫƺԼ
Ѿ˾Ž۷壡ʯҲλֱӣ΢΢ǰ㣬ȫע̨ϣڴԶ᲻ͻƾŽ׵ʿ޹ضԹΪɵĳϣɃȵӣܱЩϼһãϾһɵδ
һǿͻˣϱŵĺ𣬲˸Ŀ¶֮ɫҶ˵缫ǿ󣬵Ŀһ£ƷҩȻһ˽ͽӲǵ˾ŽףȻͻƣһ쭵ʿ
˽Էˣ缫ӽ԰¾ģһҪúŬȡܹһö缫Ľʵ̫ǿˣ
ԶͻƣϵѸγתۼǱĶԶѸĺɫӰжԶǿ£ƶԽԽѣҲ˴ŵĺ顣
˶ܿó޴£ֵʧƺֻʱ⡣
ʤȯյԶʱ̧߰°ͣмĿֵԼȥҺȥ
סΣӱԼıһͨĲͨƷ𵶡
ԶмĺһƵı䲻ʲôȻԼ̨ȥôûҪ˷ʱˣҰȥɣ
ɱڵĽ˲һɫԽԽŨȻڽγһʵĺɫӰͬʱԽն׼ʩչԼǿһɷ׷£
ʱ˾Զ׼һƵУǽ۵ĺɫӰ˵벢ǷĸоĽ˲䱬
½īͫɫһ䣬Զͬűԣ㵽ΪֹôɱУ
½īͫԵĲм̨֮˲ԾҪ汾£˵д裬ҲҪô˽ʵ
䣬ȴɫһ䣬̲סվϣϡҲλϳ˴һҲ
ֻҹȻţīӵһ۳ϵı䣬ȴǵӰɨȥƺ˱ѪڵıʹȤ
ų̋ϵ龰ˣ


20  ֵı

̨ϵ龰˾ŴֻͣʹɱһеԶȻڵһ˲䣬ֱӷ˳ȥɳ⣡лһ޴Ļߣصˤ˵ϣ
Զɷ׷ʱ˿ɫֻԡɷ׷¡ĺɫ޴Ӱʱһʤ
ֻһͨһ֮ϣ磡ŭŰŵֱԶϯȥֻǣڵУϵķ羹Ȼȼȼܻ棡ڷƵĴ£ŭźɨȥܻ룡ŴݿƣֱӰѺɫӰȫɣ
Զ˲䱻׷˳ȥغѸٴ˺üŰϵĻȫϨ𣬵һһǱ޷ڸǵġ
Ȼ˫ԣһӱȽϵͥҲ޷ˣһӴλϵž޴ľϲתͷλϵ
ţԺͻԡʯ΢΢ЦŵͷԴ˵еľϲϣȻлԣǷԴ䣬и
ȷʵǺ۾ƶһ˵ܰ££ô¡ĳɹֻϼ֣
ΪһߣضӵвͬԣƬ½ϣߵԷΪˮ硢𡢰ԣˮ硢ԱȽ϶࣬Խ٣١˵𡢰ԵȽǿԡ֮⣬ҪǣӵлԵ˿ԳΪҩʦӵаԵԳΪԦʦ
һ϶ֻӵһӵ˫ˣ˵һ֮٣ӵ˫ˣ˫ԵƣٶȻһ˿Ϻܶ࣬Ļ̶ȡҲȵԵҪǿϺܶ࣬պĳɾͻܲѹֻСС;ʹﵽŽͽ˱һ֮⣬츳Ҳ벻ˡ
˫ԵУԴҲнģֻصԣͨҪǿܶ࣬˵ǳǿԴȽĴ䣬硢䣬ƣʹǿĻʵǷǳ
϶ݵĳһȵļž󣬱һ
ûɣ־Ȼ˫ԡ
˫ԣֱŰ
ҾˣԺ׷ˡ
Ҳǣӽҵż
֣ҵż񣡡
ȻȺһƬȴһƽЦųźȺ˻֣ʹ̨һԾ¡
ߵ½īͫߣ΢΢һЦͷϻϸܵĺ飺лл㣡
½īͫƲƲ죬ֵļ紸һȭסЦ⣺û뵽ô̬
ֱԺ󣬺ֵܿ½īͫһ
ǰЦ½īͫŮȲһԾȵ̨ϣֺĺ޺޵ܴ򣬽ҷǴɣ
½į̄ͫȥԾϱ̨ÿüëĵסѵ̨ܵˣ⹷͵ôˣ
Ůɫͨ죬ֱ̣ӿһȭ½īͫŴȥһȭȫ
ȭ磬Ű˽۷ͽֻһ󾢷ιϾ˽ͽȫһҲǲСģ˲ƽ޷𣬾ɳʯв죬˵ǽӽŽˡ
ֻ½īͫıȴ˴һ
ֻ½īͫŮ˴ȭϮ󣬲Ųæ̧ƣҪȴԷĹУȻһ򻬣һᣬˤһᣬ裬ǡñܿ˶Էȭ
ŮͷʹȫһȴһգһʱղסԴǰȥ½īͫһбԭתһȦһ£סվáֻǣŮӱֱֱ½īͫһһ֧ҵļһ㣬ֱӳ˱̨
˽ԴľҲУ
½ī֣ͫŷתĹ˹ǣ֣ôԼȥˣ
ԶԶģй۲һеҹԣīĿ̲סһȦЦ⡣
ܿ죬һֵıԾͽˣһ̭ʮʤڶֱԣԵĹ򲻱䣬ʮǳǩ֣Ӯʤһ֡
ǩܿˣԾǳ鳡Ρÿǩӳ鵽ĳΣ̨ϵִ¶ᵱ
ųǩһһ̨ζսҲ
ݳڶ
ĳ
֣峡

ķڶ

½īͫ˭ֻҪ֣Ϊ˫ʵǿĿУѰֵѣ˭ӮǲԸ⿴Էġ
½īͫȥǩˣ۾΢΢ͻȻܵӱ̨Թ
½īͫԼڶʲ޶˱̭ˮһ˿ڵɲ⣬ʣȻԤУĲһ
ִ½еԼֵ֣ǩˣ鵽Ļ˭أ
⻰
~
дôãûп~
ǣԺܸܲ¶̲¶࣬ϾҪһ㶯~


21  ڶô

̨ϵִĮȻ½īͫĳǩ½īͫ峡
еʱ˾׽Ūˣ½ī̲ͫסЦӣ峡ûǴĻǾǺִˡ
İɣû¡εĸ˸ҲЩ΢΢һ˿Цݣο½īͫ
峡ԣֶ½īͫ
һҪϳ̨һҵĻ֣ҵż񣡡
֣ҿ㣡
֣Ҫʧ
˫
̨Ⱥĺ½īͫˮתһȦٷƣüͦ޽ǰʮһУ
Ծӣ˹֣𹼸Ҷְɣ
ʱҲԾ̨ϣʵˣ˫ʣʹӳڡ
ҳһʤ
Ҳʤ
λҲֹۣͣרĵİĿעڱ̨ϣϾ˫ߣһ
ֻǾʱһ˶벻飬½īͫڡ
ڱ̨½īͫȥǰͣ£۾ҺżᶨĹâīͫҪúñȣ
ת̨µĳǺˣ峡ԣ䣬½īͫʤ
һ̨һƬžһʱԾĻز
̨ϵִȷӦŹֵ֣֣𣿡
ˣ
ԺǰҲȥˣҪ
ִ³ڰŵĿǣǽǰ壬˵һǰǲܵˣֻǰǵϵҲܴɲμɴȣ
ҿǹˣȻı
½īͫվţ紵īƮɫһϣᴹ˳ŨܵĽëסīĿһУ˲֪˿Щʲô
ãһֱûִ½ī̧ͫһ㱡ӣִµִ£ô
ִ̾һŷӦһֱû½īͫ˸ӣһ䣡½īͫʤһֱԣ
ʱ̨ը˹һ˭Ҳû뵽ֻ̭½īͫȻʤһ֡
ֲǾŽͽǷ˫ԣ½īͫǰ˽ͽϷԵתʵ̫˼ˣ
λҲҡͷ̾ϢϾ˫ʵڼΪԶҲǱ˼ϣէһϣգǲսΣһʱҲʮֵĿϧ
ŵ峡ڶֱҲˣڶֱǰյǰ
Ϊ֤ĹԣִɃȾֱǰһˣ̷ɃṩĵҩлָȻָٽбԣμӱԵҲѡȨ
ֱԹȻǳǩ֣ʤΪһһٱһ־
ǩ󣬵һȻ½īͫ
ߣһ⣬ڶôãܺãһսѾȺܾˣһ˿֮ɫһҪλϵѾͷƺѾ½īͫĽűģԼվϣ£
ͷվ½īͫߣ̲סīͫСĵ㣬˵Ǹʮݵˣʵڲо䣬ġ
½īͫǳЦŵͷİɣһСĵġ˵䣬һչѾʩʩȻԾ̨ϡ
½īͫԾ̨󣬳ڿ̨µҲǴ˷˶½īͫ
ǶǵֶŮľ˾ˣ˵ʵһ˵ͻƣѴ˽ͽ۷壬ҴǰֵıֿҲǷǳɫģ½īͫǰһãСˤһǡɱܿ˶ֵȫһȭԼɲס嵽̨£һ䣬ҪȻҲܳǰ壬ܳǰȫã֮Σܱʤ
̨ϣһƷ⣬һϵ·ҫۣʱ½īͫҲʩʩȻԾϱ̨
ŰŮ·½īͫѹסͷļޣϸ۾΢΢һ䣺īͫдˣʱ㡣
½īͫһǳЦ㣬Һú°Ҫң
̨˷ɫһ½īͫһ˿ᣬһӣһƬ⣬ֱϮ½īͫš
һѸ磡
һ磡
е˿һΪ½īͫɣеͷȥٿȥСģѾס۾ǲ뿴½īͫһúõƯѾͷѪΪǲΪܹһ
ֻǽ½īͫĶȴ˴۾۾Ļ
ֻͻϮ½īͫż㣬ٺˣɫȹƮɫɻţɷǺÿֻǺ˵ӰȲٶȣۿǱҪ̴İɫεʱ½īͫȻһ
Ȼ󣬹ֳˣ
⻰
~Ϊ~л~


22  ȻǱҪ

Ǳ̹ۿҪ׷½īͫʱ򣬹ַˣ
ֻ½īͫͻȻһŽ򿰿½īͫͷֵĵطȻգȴû˵ƤëȻһֱ̫˼ˣ
˶Ŀɿڴ֮󿴵½īͫģȱվ̨ϣ̲סЦģҲ̫˰ɣԼûȲˤһӣ͸ɶ˰˽ͽ۷ȫһ
˷׷׵ͷΪ½īͫʵ̫ˣһûվȣǡǡ˰˽۷ͽȫһ治֪ôõ
㣬⽣Ҳ̫ˣСһˤͷҲڵķϣһ½īͫЦȻŭ
ɫʮѿȫûϵԼһɱУ½īͫȻôõձܿҾȻõ½Ƕû
ҲͺøһΣܴδζãҪƾʵ˵ǽԼֶŮ˽⣬ٳӦȸ棬ͬеٮٮߣԸһѾͷ´ˡҲΪ½īͫΪòŶһġ
ԱͥӶͶʺãҲǵͷ
ûΪ½īͫƾʵܹһ
Ψҹ챡΢ƴǺЦīĿ˸ǵЦ⣺СѾͷԽԽ˼ˡ
ͬʱٶ̧ϴŶԷһĲã֮ʵ㲻ñ㣬ҪԾˣ䣬ɲۡ
˵ţһǧ佣ٶϮ½īͫϮߣϴö㿪ˣο㻹ô㣡
̨¶ǿʹһӰ콣£ɫ΢䣬Ҫ֪⡰ѩ족ʽΪƽ׸߼˪ѩӰ֮ʽɶлƽ׸߼Լ谮ֶŮֲĥӲ͵͵̸ȴ֮ͥʹ˳
ѩ찵Ѫꡱ֮⣬һɱУӱ䣬½īͫһһὫɱ
Ȼ½īͫȴ΢һЦ䣿㻹ûʵ
һԣɫһõڵԽԽ֪ô
ߣܿһУͲ֪ԼǼＸˡͥ͡ôûʹǡ˪ѩӰֻǽŶϵǿҪֺ
ʯûп۾̨ϣ󱲵ӵΪӹĵ顣
Χ۵һƬΪ½īͫ㲻һɱУָǽŵﲻԾճ˺
ֻ콣½īͫȥһ޴ĽĻ½īͫסۿ½īͫӰҪɫĻɣ̲סһ⣬ǰƺѾ½īͫѪС½īͫī΢Ҫҵȫ·𣿺ߣ㱾£
ΪȻѹڰ˽ͽֱĿǰΪֹ뱩¶ԼʵʿʵϾٶȣʾʵĻʵ̫ˡ
ǣֻǰ˽ͽҲͨİ˽ͽҲĵȼûʲôر𣬵ÿռԴ̶Ⱥͻ̶ȶͨ߿ɱȵġ
˭ĽǾ㿴ʲôٶȣ½īͫһЦɫĻʱӰһʧʵ壬һİɫӰһĻһ˲˳
׷ʽһһص㣬ٶȣ׷٣£
ʱԥİγذףһѾɵСذףǰõġ
û֪½īͫôӽĻгģ˶һɫӰһ־޵ٶȣֱȥ
ʱ½īͫѽСذ׷ģΪһâֱ̹ȥ
ٶȣѰ˸㲻
ֻȻѰˣڴ֮£ܵľһΣƽ£תΪأǰһʡֻǴʱذ׼ĵѾƤһʣ˲仮ɫ˿£飡һƬƬɫĺ
ϣײ֮쳹ʯ£һƬ½īͫذױ˲ʳƬذ׵ƬһͬµĻһƬƬɫ·Ƭ
ۼԼذһ֮±Ƭ½īͫ΢΢һü
ȻҪ컹ǵҸõıţ
ʱֻֻ¶˺ѵ·һֱ쵽ǰأɼѩ׵¡𣬶˿˿Ѫ˳Ÿ첲һֱ۾ͱȾѪɫ
һֻǰأǱİȹ˺һƬסƬѩףáܺã½īͫɹļŭң˫˺˿һƷӽǣһĳХһŭ𣬱ų½īͫ
⻰
ԲǣСīǳææÿ糿𴲣ʮ˯ģСīƣֱǿ֪˵һͿ
ҲԽˣԲ𣡳ȥСīģ


22  Ů

˪ɱХһ˽һһ壬żƿ߰㱼ų½īͫ
Ǽɫһ䣬˪ѩӰһģȻ֪һвɱУڵΪʹ˵һǧ˰ٵͬھʽ
ʱԱΪѹڰ˽ͽ½īͫ˿Ҳܵ˿˿вϾǰ˽۷ͽľһ
ʱ½īͫûбֻܿ׷ʽ޵еٶȺͿʽ
żһڣһ֧ҵļȫٺˣۿҪƳս̨ʱȻһš˷䲻ŷĽϮȥ
룬֣ὣһǳɣ֮ƣ˸գ˫һɢȻֻǰ˽ͽ䴼ȴ߳ٱ
ڿգ裡֮ƣϾޱȵ
һΣĹֱӱضྡྷɳߵķһ㣬顱һԶԶս̨⡣
ȫ˲ž˶Ŵ;һĻ˵۾ֻ𾪵Ĺ⣡
⡪ôܣʧȫȡԼֶŮð˽ͽ۷壬̵ֽôܱһİ˽ͽܣҰܵ൱ĳף
֮ĻŮ
ѸԶסԼֶŮӻͳһԪСǻһϢƷҩԪŲȥһ˫Ѫ˿ӣһһ³˾ˣ½īͫҪŹ
½īͫһɱ
ž֮ȫȻ˲½īͫ˴ʱȫҫ۵Ĵڣʱ򣬿̨ϵһڳִǲſ½īͫĲ֮˵һɺϣôĴξ;ˣʹһ·ڵĲˣʵ
Һ½īͫչʾٶȶǴδĴڣʲôôǿе𾪸أ˴ʱ˿̣֪Լ֮ǰ뷨жףǾȻһʼΪ½īͫǴδײˣȴûзԭʵѧʵѧǾžޣ
ʱı̨ϣ½īͫѾ΢΢һüһֱĳִ£ʣԵĽ
ʱִ²ŻعǸࣺ½īͫʤһ֡
Ҳعʱǿ½īͫѾˣ磬ǿΪ½īͫսʤǿߣֵ𾴣
ţĹһԾԵľʣ½īͫһոµ֣УΪζţͨƶũŮķʵڶ֣ʤ֮
Ź˳ӿ
ʱһִͻȻܵʯߣ˵Щʲô
ʯɫվྲ
ԭڵĻֹҷ׷ֵĿŴʯ֪۷ԾǰҪʲôңʲôôϼ
ղҹ˵˴űʤߣԣԴ꣡ʯЩеʣʵϢ̫𾪡̫ˣǿסͷļһţԸʵˣҹӴӦ
ڰǧ½һɣʵĪ⣬ǿÿһʥأ飡뷽跨ȥǶ·ңʯ붼룬뵽ƳǸжôۺ죡ҪǣɾҪڣأ󣡶õһַʽ
ʯĻ䣬½īͫǼ΢壬һŹ֣˶һεɫ𣿸һĿȣڣ֮ǲ˵ɣӴƳܹߣ˭۸
ĺ£ͱض䵽½īͫݳ֮һ
ݳҹӣ棬ǻ̲סһͨ죬ڼ֮ɫ
½ī֪ͫҹʱͻȻʲô˼ֻǾܶҲǳȤһȥߣ޳ܵͽһ϶ûٺ£Լ֪Ҫܶ١һ˫ʵ֣½īͫݾҧĽģ޲ʹһ٣
۷Ծ֮սһ
ݳ֮ǰʤԴսȻû뵽½īͫճΪս֣Ƕȫõĳ㹻ӵģȻʤڶ֣
⻰
⼸ŶҪΪСīͬ³ˣͬµĻСīɣһ˸˵£̫æԲǣһīīɣܱ˵~


24  ʤ

ʤ֣˵۾ĿתĶս̨ſȣս̨ϵһǿˣʤ߽ڿѡһƷҿԵ
½īͫƮƮվ̨ϣȻҹûʲôӡ󣬵ڻһңڿĶʮָȤذѾƬڿһϺõı΢΢īǲģԣһã
ݳʱ½īͫһοʱرĸоǾʲôоȴҲ˵ս̨ϣϣΪĶ֡˱վս̨ϷֳʤĻֻ֪ôһֱʥأҪõһ
˵Ǿʤ֣˶ΪһĶԾʿͰ˽ͽĲʵ̫Ȼ½ī֮ͫǰıֿ˵Ǿ˳⣬ΪΪġǣپҲҪʵ˵ڱ̨ϣʵһУ
໥й漴֣
ݳʿѹڰ˽ͽ½īͫ˵ףԴˣ½īͫ˿Ҵ⣬īĶݳһһ
½īͫȳˣȻٶȣóҲЧٶȣѹˣһ˵УԸһʵԼǿϺܶĶ֣ʱ䣬죬̵ʱֳʤôһϣ
ݳ½īֵͫͬʱȭΪһ޴ͷŽ½īͫѹһȭѹƣѾս̨ٽĲվȣԾıȭƴȥɵԶ۵һ䵽ϣײ˵ϡ
һȭûͽܽӵ£
˽Ϊ½īͫӲһȭȻ
֪˭һû£
ֻ½īͫ˿̾Ȼվݳһ˫ѩ֣ݳһ
ݳ벻½īܹͫȭңĹ·˲ʧһ㣬̤Īĳıһƣ
ֻһƲأƺǽһ£һ֮£̲סŵŵǰ˼
ȵݳתȴ½īͫö˶˵վվ̨ϣݣЦȻһֻţȻһһƬɫ飡
ݳͷһɴʧɫǷǡǰ˺µһ鲼飡ʲôʱϮԼǰԼôûпǰһƵĻǡûȥ
ǳĵ䣡
ʵ½īͫΪһֱǱ˲Ҳȥұ˵鷳֮Զʹº֣ʵһ١ٶҶɱ֣ôһ½īͫôܷŹȻ֮죡
ݳһԼûʲôڣҲûбҪɱ֣Ե㵽Ϊֹɣңһˣ
бȫˣǰ£½īͫ԰˽ͽʵʤеһΪȫĳݳӵڶ
ɱűҲԲ
⻰
ǣīīĹ˴⣬ǳãʵڲרĸдЩɡԲ


25   Ҳ磿ձᣡ

ʽĴʯ򵥵˵˼仰ʽǲɢһˣֻŵĵӡ
ǰһףʯűĽԼϵšŵӵķ䣬֮ǰ˽еǰ
һٮٮߣɫءĳһľӢԽ쿪ʼڵϵӣִ´ҺλϣǱ佾꣬һ;Ϊ˵ɵϣͼ縺ǵϣϣгһսɷ󡣡
ңΪһӢμ׵ɴȣÿɴȶǾɵλҪʱϣԴǰ⼸ΪܹκѣҺλѯʣǶ߾Ϊǽ⣬ף
ˡӦ
ʯͷȻŵ棬ϸǷ佱
֣ͥɫŭʱӳվɫϵ˵ǰܽ
Ϊ֮ǰһŻԪǿû˳ʱȻֽʮǻǰվͥ¸ǰڡ
бпɣɴԪһöһö
ԪλƷҩԪ֮бԪЧ߸ãÿһ߶ĵȼȻǳҪľ̶Ҳ൱ҪܹսʤȼԼĶ֣
ֻͥµɫûжٱ仯ϾΪǵֶŮƽʱûٸС˪ѩӰ̸ˣöҩȻ󣬵ǲûоôϲ෴ܸ½īֻͫжԹޣ
ݳĽĽȻҪҪ࣬˻Ԫ֮⣬һöԪ
ԪǹΪҹӵݳüҲ΢΢һԪȻͻԪͬƷҩƷ߽ףԭֵҩȽƣҲȽ٣ֵҩĹЧȷΪԶõķ缫ͬԪǿߵΪ
ϡͥ
½īͫһˣأ
ЩƷҩ½īͫģرԪʵ۲ҪȻڶУһӦҲаɣңҪһЩ
ǣѾ˼ӭӾϲ׼ˣͻȻһϣɲ½īͫһ
ۿͥϾҪȥ½īͫæϣڶ˽ûһûаɣҳ˴ڿһԺҹӵ⣬ô˵ҲӦúһиʲô潱ɣ
ʱͥѾˣһҲż½īͫЦеĵûг潱
ʲô½īͫﲻˣƾʲôƵĴ˰죬ôûС
ϣ㲻ƾʲôûУǰָһԱ˷Թô˵ҲǿɣеöҩôҲҪ˫ݣǸԪҲҪҪȻҿɲ
ֻ֮һҩӲţʱ½īͫһһѪһȥ
˵Ƿɣ˵һˣʲôãԵ˴Σ治ĽңҲ˷ѡ½īͫҲʲôˣˣԲ侮ʯʱ򣬾Բᡣ
ֶŮɫôĵӣҶԳϲŹź򣡡
½īͫ۾һת˵ϣҴֶŮķֶŮˣֲñˣѵΪɶϣ빫˽ôţϵ棬Ϊһ˵𣿡
ûг潱ѾܲˬҲ磬ձᣡ
㡭㡭ͥѹû뵽½īͫȴ˵˵ʯ棬ôοֹؼʱڣܳʲô
Ȼͨ죬ȴտڲԡ
ʱʯһǣ°Цû뵽ϼ޻ļһҲб˵ƿԵʱһ½īͫвɶСŮӶ˼ֺøкϲ
΢΢ЦЦ½īͫ½īͫҪ潱Ҳԣôɶ⽱ǲǾͲҪˣ
ԣɫһϣ֪½īͫĽʲô
ʯɨһ۵ôҾʲôҪϻ㱨
ԣɫһ䣺Ϸô˼ֻڵԴô䣬ҵȶ֪Ȩ
ǶϽ˪ѩӰ̸ʱôûиͨʯ˿ӡ
ɫһףȻʯһֱϵãĲϣаϼһһֱ̣һôôѵ
⻰
ԲңǰһΪԭϸˡ


26  ˲󼺰

ܣ֪漴е뷨űչأϴ֮λȻ
ߡʯô֪룬ûϷţҲֻǱϵü˳ۡ
ϡ֪˭һ䡣
һѭȥֻһ׷µŷ
ϣڳϽԱϹϾϡ
һӣĵĵض񡣡
ʱڳŵӣڳִҲ𾪲ѡ
˭֪ΨһһҩʦΪȻߣȲٷ㣬ҩʦȴλǷ
ңҩɵƣҩȴΪɷΪɵĽãνļƷҩҲǳ֮֡κһҲһǿΪ֮
ǵҩеҪãҲҩʦλߵԵڣ
ңϻһͬѰݣڿƹߣ
ϵĳ֣һɧǸոתҲгֿ֮ɫ˭֪ûóҩΪϡĶ
һ漴ǰϣŵҵֶŮΪѴڰ˽۷壬ñͻף϶ָ㣬ͻƵʱЩѡ
дϲʹǰݵлϣϲܹĽ̻塣
ⷬ˳ǵĻȥߣĻĵҩˣ뿴ԴԴϵҩ㲻ҲܹΪȷʵǼõ顣
ЦеĵͷϷ½ɵȥɡ
ݳҲˣܺԪҩѵõҩ
漴һݵݳҲǽŵӣҲϣõϵָ㡣
ϵһͬʣʮִ󷽣ͬݳһöݳʮ־ϲ
ݳˣ½īͫȴվһ߲⵹ʯЩ֣Ѿͷݵģôʱ򵹳ưˡ
ʱѷ굤ҩЦеĶԴʯˣűĵһһѽ
ʯ½īͫ½īͫϿݼϡ
ԣ½īͫ˵ǰݼһֻǱǵģΪϥһֱ硣
½īͫģʯֻÿЦ˼£Щ˵ѾͷҲʵЩ֪
ֻϵ⣬Цеģһ½īͫͷ½īͫţѾͷܵõһףֻѽⵤҩǸˡ
ˣ½īͫһͷߣ⽱û˲ɣͯһЦе淢ԼռҩĹǼƷҩǵöУ˲󼺰Լ
ֵðɣû˾û˰ɣҲϡûУûһȥ˯ȥˣ˰춼ˡ
Ҫ߿ߣû㡣ǱͶ½īۣͫԼֶŮ
ԣ½īͫȴߵͷЦôһ˵ֲˡ
ԣһʱˡ
ڴʱȴЦѾͷôƤҩûˡİɡ
˵ţ֪һѺں⼣߰ߵĽ
ƽĽҪһЩҲҪϸһЩͦʺ½īͫģֻ⼣߰ߣںģʮûࡣ
ôơ½īֽͫӹϸһ⽣⼣߰ߣȻϻвٻڣԵøѿƾɣԽˣһ˿ҲûΡ
㽫עȥԡѩ׵ĺЦ
½īͫ˿õĽЩԥİע˽ȥǳǣԼ߷עȥԺȴţ뺣һӰ˲֪ǷǳԼѾʿףңΪռԵʣǳ
ܽһ⣬в͵ļѽͨ½īͫ۾ʱһֻʹīĽëڸеľ⡣
½īͫõ⽣󣬵¶ϰлллϸĽûʲôҾͻȥ˰۶Ҫˡ˵ĵҲʵһڣСȷʵۣοǳʱ
˿ȫһͷˮ˼Ż֮ɫ֪óĶͭûܿǰ⼣߰ߵƽʲôԾ֮ɫ
½īͫ˵߾ߣʯˣæ½īͫߣҹȥڵ黹û˵ء
˵ҪĪڰһȥһˣűչǰУͨºϹϵж֮գɨ岻ӣǵ֮
ڣ½īͫͣסŲ·źȻ¡
⻰
⣬Ը´Ųܰʱʮˣīīÿлīī~


27  Ǹͽӣ

ˣˣ¡½īͫס˽š
˰ʯڽЩ¾ȻҲǿǶٵ飡
½īͫ˼һᣬҪǸ޳ܵĵͽȥڣ۾Ƴһҹ죬ʱҹЦеؿһ˫ڵīĿζβͣһ֡ݺݵĵһۡ
ҲǸһȥڡ½ī֮ͫᶨĵãֻǸˣʵûʲôͷ
˻ȻȻ˲ȥڣ
ԣʯˣæ½īͫöҹ񡣡
ҹӣȻ½īͫȥɷⰲŵȥǱɵӵĸ֣½ī֪ͫˣֶŮҹӺڿĽĽǶ½īͫͲˬʱԶûᣬһǰȥҹ칧
Ҳɵǰһ
ڳϼ龰ɫһ䣬ֻǾˡ
ҹīĿ΢̧Ҳûֻ½īͫ޳Ľü΢΢һĲȥ
½īͫһӭҹīĿᶨֽڡ
Ҳûָͽжٺ¡뵽ڱϾʥأڱʱãΪһжг𱨳𣬱˶ĺȻˡ
˻һһƬȻ˵۾ˢˢֻ֣ײˡ
ԼҲǷǳȣ۾½īͫʱ½īͫҲЦӯӯ
ԡ½īͫҪҹƺرȣҷǳˬĴӦˡ
⵹Щ½īͫϣеЩ͸ˣȴܿ͸ֻҪԼԸͽô룿
Ժʯʽֽ֮¡

ʽΪµϵӣ½īͫһСԺ
ȥ½īͫ˯һ˯֮굽˿ռ
֮ǰҪ˱ڵ׷ʽţĹűܹ¶ʵʵ´ʡ
׼Եʣһֱûҩ䣬Ȼǵϰ˵׿ʶҩݣϤ״á÷нٶ֣߽ҩ뵤Ʒڵҩ
űʱǼöΪĵҩĶѣԴԴϻõҩ÷ǣԼ
ռʱ½īͫϰЩǧٹ֡״ҩݣûиоǳǰҽ˶ʿ֪ҩ״Чҽ֮ͨԣ֪ҩ׼ɡ
˷棬Ҫʵҩõҩ½īͫ̾˿ĵҪҵطѰЩҩȥ
ҩ䣬½īͫȥȪڵϴ˸裬ȵȪˮĵӵڵľ裬ͬʱҲָ
еޱȵʱ򣬵ͻȻˣ
ûмҽ̣û˽̹𣿡½īͫһǰҹ죬ûĵ
㲻֪𣿡ҹڵīĿ䣬޾뻪󣬵ĵ
½īͫİһۡڼҴҵĴȪһϣʱƺɢŮʪҷϢͷʪʪϣڲϵĵδˮ飬˳޳׵Ĳ£ʪǰ·
Ǹոԡϵӣҹȴûзһ˿ԡĺۼ۾һ˿֡ոճԡӣֵѩ׼ǶĵȴûɵǵСһɧ·ȻޱߵĴɫ
ҹ޼ɵߣ½īͫЩջ𣬷Ǹͽӣ
Ѹ£һ´æδȫϵõ·ŭݵʲô


28   װɣ

ҹûش΢еīĿ½īͫܺ棬䲻֪Ůӵʲôôߵȴǳľ쳣Ŀ죬ż칦Ϣͷ˺ܴı仯仯ĳ̶ȣ·Ŀ飬Чõ˻ǲӫ
˵һ˿ʶӡǣϵһЩ첨ʱܸӦʱȴ֪õʲô취ԶĸӦʱʱӦʱʧһʱ䣬ʧı仯ЩȤ
ҹ쵱Ȼ֪ĸӦʱڿռء
һ¡ҹ޳ܣǰվߵ½īͫߣ־½īͫСȥ
֮ĵطǵԣҪֱ仯ӵ֣ܵľҪֲ̽ĳŮĵҲ룬ǸطжôУ
½īͫͻȻĶһæ
ϧҹܷŹһ죬ͽԡ֮Ů뻳У
ͽӣſңŲһ㣡½īܻͫĵô޳֮ͽ
šҹǵûзſ½īͫһֻֿ۽ŮһֻŮĸȥ
кŮеܰ㣬еԵ壬֮ƽ̹ỬޣŮ壡
ףٲſҺأ½īͫƴȴҹοסãֱҪˡ
Ҳϵ裬Բ֪סҹһ˵ɰ½īͫСϡֻ֣һͨߵĵֻ΢ǿһˡ
½īͫһҪѪĳ嶯ֱסϥһֱ̧Ӷĳ˵ӡ
ҹ˿ţһգͽ½īͫĴס
ʱҹһס½īֻͫ˳סŤһεסĴȣ˽ϣ·
½īͫȻʱȴһ֪Լȷʵ򲻹һһŭǳЦӯӯĽҹӣ˼ܲء
ţҹͷŻŮգˮ峺Щ졣Ҫ֪ǰһ̻ðɣôЦôġ
Ҿɿ㣬ֻ̽һĵ˽һΪʲôǵô졣ҹһ޹˵
½īͫҪɱ˵ĳ嶯ȻЦڼСãѾ鿴ˣûʲôرľɿҰɡ
ҹ绨ЦݣīĿ΢һ˿㱣ɹȻѲ鿴ˣ쳣ɿ֡
ֵֻ˲䣬½īͫԥʹɱ֣һ죬ڿռǱ⽣Ȼսһ̣һֱҹ࣡
ýƻģһ̾ҹ³
½īͫͫһû뵽޷ɱ֪˵ʵǿ󵽺ֵز
һ˿ѪζƺЩĿռ½ī̧ͫһֻҹ޳ָ˿εļס⽣
Ѫɫָ⻬䣬⽣ϣȴ˲䱻һɶ⽣ϵ⼣漴һţһǿѹ˲⽣ϱŷ
ףҹ콣üһЩֵĿ⽣ܹѾܾȣ⼣ȻѪȴˡ
һ̣½īͫ⽣Ѿҹ˫īĿһĹ⿴⽣
ϧҪǼáһҹ˵һ䣬Ȼ󽫱㽫ص½īͫ
ʲôϧ˵⻰ʲô˼½īͫӹ⽣ĶѪ⼣ȴҹĻ˺档
ҹӻȡһ׾ĲָϵѪɨһ½īͫƺһ˿ίȸΪʲôҪɱң
½īͫһۣ
Ļشҹֵ˵ɱҡ
½īͫ޺޵ĵɱ㲻ɱ㣬һҪɱͽӣ
ͽӣҹĽü΢΢һ壬ôͳɵͽˣѵΪĶӣʲôҲûȻĳһʱ
½īͫҹһ޹Ӻ޵ֻǲݰһһÿʵ⣡ҪȻװģĿӣһװģװĿԣװĺܵλ
װɣװ½īͫҧгݵĵ
ҹһ޺޵ӣԥһ£īĿ½īͫΪðĻҿԶ㸺𡣡
½īͫЩЦãбʵô𣿡


29  סû˵Ȣ

ҿԣȢ㡣ҹӣصīĿ
½īͫɴ۾ɵˣⶼʲôʲôѽ
ʵķӦҲ̫ҲĽǣ鿴ʣ˺㡣ҹһӣ·û뷨
ͷ½īͫͷߣһķ
һȢһ̫áҹ͡
һʱ½īֻͫ׹ֱҪεѾһȻһȢһԣȢģëϵ
סû˵Ȣ½īͫʵҭ
ˣ˵ô£ջ⽣Ȼոҹ˵ֻ۾ʱһһĿĹɢǹҹ΢΢һ㶣ǹһĨ޵Ц⡣
ҹбһ½ī̧ͫ޳ָѪɫΪʲôҪһҪɱҵˡ
½īͫҹÿ֣һ£Ȼӻóһİá
ɱ㣬Ҳ˿ڡ½ī̧ͫ
ǰ峺ûһ˿µŮҹ΢΢ֳǿ󣬻ˣӦúˣȴûСΪܴ֪Ȥ֪˺
ҹֿһۣĺƯֻԼһ˿Ѫɫ΢΢ҡͷѪ
½īͫЩԥһ£⽣ֿ˿ҹָƺȨЩʲôƺ¶˾ġ
ץסҹ֣õľԼְȥ
һ˲䣬½īַͫ·һһ㣬ɫĹΡһĻҹ۾һ½ī֣ͫһθоȻĶ
Ƭ̹ҹָϵпھȫϣƤָָ޳һ˿ܹ˵ĺۼ
ҹ춢½īͫīĿֽоĸоٴγ֣Ůľʵ̫ˡ
½ī֣ͫȴҹһȥرΪ˸ӷ㿴֣Ӱȥ½īͫıϣ˫ϸ鿴
½īֱͫҹڻã޷Ļ֣Ѿľˣˣ뿴Ϳɡ
ֺᣬָи࣬ĵһ˿΢ĸо
ͷԼ˶ʹ˫ۣ˳ŨܵĽëڸķâ²ʱЩʲôһŮľĶ̫ˡ
޳ߴ½īͫ˵ǰҲǱ׼ĵĸŮӣǴ˿ĻȴС˰㡣ͷ鿴ƣԲɱģĲĲϡޱȣ˼ϣ
΢Ĺ⻬ɨգĻУһŵĺ˵Ϣܹĸܵ˾
ƣָ⡣ҹĴ½īͫС֣૵
½īͫһô˵ô׼Ϊ֪Լҽֵ֮ˡһθоΣգǰ֪ҹʵɲʱҲδΣյĸоǴ˿̣ĶϤ٣
ֵ˺ܾãֱҹ췴֣½īͫĿڣڣ彣ܰɡ
ЩɿдܰŮҹīĿ½īͫϣ΢΢һЦ俴ƣʵȴһñ֮⼣ȱڣΪˡһˡ
ñʲôı𣿡½īͫһ;ѰȷʵѰ
½īͫУһ˵֮еԳôһδСУҲֻлʹУΪʵ̫ϡаԣҲֻлʼõ
˵Ķ죬ʦܶĳܳƵʦģҩʦԦʦһǴ½ΪʥְҵһʮһĴڡԣҪһֱڣ˵λ
ã򲻽ҹ˲Ҳ˲Ķ½īֺͫŵĹ̲סһͣͷ΢΢һ
ôָ½īͫѹסеļ
Ѫ
½īͫһ⽣˱仯ô벻һҲˣңƣƵĻҪѪ
ʲôѪѪѪ½īͫ׷ʡ
ѪΪϣѪΪ¡
½īͫ⽣ϵİ߰⼣еļ뾪죬ֻô˵ҪơãӦе
ΪһΪ˵ʵ̫Ҫˣ


λ룿ɭ֣

ʮ
½īͫȥһɭ֡
⽣ѾıɲͨһҪ취κáȻҪѪơɭֿħޣƷħҲһ
ң½īͫҩѾмҪͻƵ߼ʽʼƵҩҲЩѰҩģ˭֪ɭֳвħ⣬ĵر
ȡ䱦ҲҪ۵ģԽĶԽȡãĴҲԽ󣬷ҲͲΪ䱦ˡ
ɶŵӷǳŴ½īͫԺʮɣÿڿռ⣬ǰֻǶ͸¶ԼɭֵĴ㡣Ϊĵһѣ½īͫʮϧ
Ҫɭֵ֣۾ȶԵԽʣ˵ǰŮѾ̫⣬ȴܽ
Сеҡҡͷ㲻ȥ̫Σˣû˵ǰЩһʵǿӶɭֺûٳôȥ
½īֽͫһůһ˸ĸôԼ˾ֻˡ
ֳһЦݣƿһʹ׵˲䶯ޱȣͷһ
½īͫģҲµģֻɭұҪȥѾˡ
죬˵ʲôȰȰ½īͫһ½īͫ˫ˮˣ޷ıģ
ʲôʱַ·ʲô£Ŀأ½īͫϡ
졣
ҺһȥȻҹȥڡŵ
½īֻ̧֣ͫ㣬ȻҲǲıͷˣصͷ
Զãܹҹ죬ͯŮһˣ̲סӣ૵ѾͷôͰҸյͽܸˡ

ǣɭڡ
ǾƳ·;ңԶ½īֵͫǵʱѾӽ
λǧ½ǣλʮƫƧڽɭ֣ǻڵΨһڣΪӶۼأԷΪھջ࣬ԺҲΪרΪд֮͡
ǰʱ֣ظϢۿȥܿóΪͷѪ֮ˡ
½īͫ·ϣòڣ·˷׷ײĿ
ߵһҿģȽϴĹǰ½īͫͣס˽Ų
λǺ۹⣬֪ҪǼأҪӶǼǵӶȫģҲȫߵġͶ½īͫעõĹƣͣԼҵǰæǰк
Ŷֹ˹ƵͦģҪЩ֡½īͫȥѯ
½īֵͫͷ漴̧̨ף˴š
һҹģĴĹᣬһڵľҹƺΰķϣԵׯϴֻɷļ֣ӥᡣ
λ룿Ƹֺ½īͫʮڡ
֣һɭ֡½īͫƳһĿӶǼƣ˵
ɭ֣ƷŻЦıһӱˣ΢΢üͷЩΪѵصλͣӶв٣Ըɭֵȴû
½īͫûʲôӦִŵӽŵɭ䱦̫࣬Σˣ֪ʲôʵǿħޣǰӽɭֵļӶӽԺѾûԸȥˡԸ⣬Ҳۡ
ﰵֹҲ֪ʲôͷᾹȻԲҪɭ֣Ͳ±ħ޸ͷҲҲҸʵǿЩӶһȥӴϿҲƹӶ𣬿ϽɭֵĶЩµģҲǸнʿۿɲһĸߡ
Ŷ˵˵ʲôۣȻǿ˻Ƶ֮ɫü΢õ
̧һӣָӶǼϷļӵЩҲǸн׵ʿĿǰɭֵӶѾǵˡ˵˫ֱ۶֡
ȻΪ㵣̾һĵǹӶ
ƣЩ޺˵ô۵ģ˵֮ʣ½īͫ⵽޺ͬ޺İڲͬķ
޺ˣ˼壬ħ޵ľˣеһħĵطħ˵ǳҪ
˵ħһǱëƤ£ʳɸݲͬħҩǿӦΪѵϡеĻ޺ˣ˹ЧҲ޺ˣΪ޺˿ÿֻħֻһ޺ˡ
ԣƿ첽߹˵޺˰ȼ֣ħ޵ȼԽߣ޺ԽֵǮһ˵޵޺һٵ֮䡣
½īͫͷһ᲻Ƽܣ̲סأ
֪ħ޷Ϊĵȣӵ͵߷ֱΪޣޣʥޣޡֻǳֻ޺ްˡ
ƲƲ죬ȵޣȻˡ
ʥأ½īͫһʡ
ƾȵؿ½īͫһۣȷʺãȻλӥʱҲˣʥ޾ˣû
⻰
Բ֮ǰϸˡ


31 ѵҲҪȥɭ֣

½īͫ⿴˿ֲͬҩҲߵͲһرмҩܶģǵöҩҪҩġ
һ־뿪ӥᡣɫڸһҿջס
ڶһ磬½īͫ˸磬Ҫɭˣܲ˵ҲЩţ⻹Ҫ׼һЩûо֣һȥðЩҪɭĶ
׼һЩ½īͫҵһҩ꣬ЩҩģΪǼȻɭ֣Ҫòʱ֮׼ˡȵȶпܷģǿһֱȽϽ
մҩ½īͫһ˻һȺ
˵ǲ㵲סС·ˣ֪֪һλŮ̧ǳ⡣
û𣿡˵֮첻޾ž֮⣬û̧ͷ˭˵
ɫ磬ǽֵ˲ˣʱ׷פ峿ˡ
ֻڲĽֵм䣬һɫеĿŮһƥëɫڵĸͷϣһǺͨһͷ˲١
ŮŸ߸ߵβü۾ϸһޣϹһϺõ߰һͨũŮŻмŻӡ
ǰһŮӣʱ·м䣬ַڵһؤۼؤ²壬һϢ֪Ƕģǲġ
ǹǲסؤҪŮӲˡ
ɲҿģǾأƥѪͨʱ羪ˡ
·۷׷ף½īͫʱҲͣ˽ŲվȺм䡣
ѣһһǲԩҲͷŮӷû뵽ŴϱԼ˵վָͦ졣½īͫɫվվԼ
ɫеѿŮӷǹҲ磬Լúõһؤʲô°Ҫ·ô
һŭЦдĳޣߵĻɫӵ¬ӣ˵Ȼȫ˵ȥ
ʱȻǼͷɫԵضòϴаЦ⣬һ˫۾ƳƺҪء
ˣ˻ûãСආõ㶯˵ţ˫һУһһһ֣ļΰǰ
ŮӴʱѽؤ·ߣִ̽ӻȡһζҩؤؤıϢŽؤʯϡ̧ͷƽԼļȥ
Ůӵ¬в̾ϢһŮʮͨɫ毺ãʮֿΣôɱ˵ǿϧ
ʱ½īͫͷųʶоŮϵʿһףǼ󺺽ΪʿŮ˰Ѻͬʱﰵ⣬֪ܵʲôΪʲôЩʵ˸ţѵҲΪɭ֣
½īͫ֮ʱŮѶˣһһУϴǿҵˮ˹ļ׺󺺴ȥ
˵ǼʿҲӹ֣ȼŮҪЩ˿ȴѹŴ½īͫףŮ䲻ߣȴһ㣬ųƷӿ׻ƽ׸߼
Ȼ˲ŮӣΪ죬ϸ۾̧һ¬Ӹϵ֣ôôûã
¬Ӽãæֺõ𼱣͸ɫ
Ǹɫһ⣬֪ôģŮͻȻ½īͫΪ½īͫԵʣԼȻǷһԼŲòòȥɭ֡
˾˵ֻҪɼֺҩģһֶصƷҩһֶصҩԼ߱½īͫеָܻ
Ϊܹ㣬ר̵¬ң¬Ź¬Űæ¬ž˵Ѿﵽʿ߽ףȷʵţټǿĵرɭ֣ʵҲе֮
ֻ¬ʵȴķɫŮӾƲۡΪʵԼĿģںĿֻһǿʵ½īͫڽ¡
׵ɴȣΪűҪɲμӻɴȣһҪӮһҪʤ½īͫӦԼϵĻԻӮ½īͫԼϵ裬ҲҪӱķ
¬Ϊһ߽ʿʵȻҪŮǿ˲ֹһ㣬һƣֻһǿͻȻķ籩תžŮӣ籩ÿǰһ磬һ֣һ㳯Ůȥ˲伴ûŮӡ
½īͫаã鼱֮մҩõһҩһץһĨ漴һʣµҩ籩һ
¬ֻһӰһһƺŵ˳֮У漴һƬŮˡ
¬ʮŮѾһУŮӱɣ˿ûеġ
ɢȥֵķŮѾˣҲЩʪΪõȥʪɢҩγɵķ۳
ѵǸˣ


32   һҪκ

оһϤӰһ£Ժ½īͫӰӣԼ뷨ôᵽأܵģҸո˷һ֮ˣһԼ½ī̫ͫˣԿ˭ҡҡͷ
½īͫŮӴƧ֮ͣ½Ų۲һ׷Ůӷһʯͷϣ˳ֽĨĺɫҩ۷ȥ
ʱŮˣǴͣѪ˿Ȼ˲ˡ֪½īͫԼȳҪлһȴ½īͫһѰס
л֮Ůӵ
˭ǼΪҪɱ֣½īͫ˰֣еɻʳ
ŮӿЦһµˣǼҲʶֻǽʦʱżȻŮӿҪѵ·мؤųס뽫ŭȡ
½īͫʵʴ˽ΣŮӿ˵ʼĩ͸ˡжŮֶ˼ֺøУϾ·زʶؤÿ˶ܹȵġ
ҽҶӨǻˣ㺮ɣǺʦһŮ˵꣬һѪ³
½īͫͷʾҶӨҪ˵ˣϢһ£ˡ
ҶӨٵش˼ʹ˵ҵԼ׵ģûˣŻ˵˵䣬¾˵ˡ
ֻ˵ţ½īֱͫͻȻһ㾧Ө͸ɫ뵵ĺ⣬ҶӨһʱȵͶŴˣȴ˵
½īۣͫͨͨģȻ̽鵽ҶӨ֮ˣھʮ֮˾ŶˣһƬҡ
ƣָ⡣½īͫҽ֮ҶӨ澭ֻ֮⾭ľϺ漣ɫĹзٱ仯Ӻϣ
ҶӨѾ˵ˣڸı仯˺˺ѷεʹѾûˣת˵ĸоһ澭ܸоһĸо
ˣûˡջֱۣ½īͫĨһ¶ͷϸܵĺˮ
ҶӨֱӣѸʶ̽һ¾磬Ȼ˿ǰƺͨһ˿ӯӯɫ⻪
ҶӨ˵ˣʯͷĵһ¾Ƿضݣл˵֮
½īͫЦʲô˲ˣҽ½īͫƳˣɵӣ˵ҲɣҲǺʦһء
ҶӨЩϲǴȥ
ɭ֡
˵ΣأҪȥ𣿡
½īͫͷ۶ôΣգҲҪȥһ
˿ռ⽣Ҫ롰κáΨһҲЧİ취ȵѪħ֮Ѫٺʲˡһҹ˵⽣һ½īͫоһѪڡ
֪Ǹͽôˣ½īֳͫһҹ죬ò˵Ǹһʵɲ⣬Ȼֻ룬½īͫȻܵΣգлʱһҪɱ
㲻ҽˣҾͽīͫɡ
ҶӨһ¾Ҫȥɭ֣ҺʦϻһȥҲи֡
½īͫûоܾҼӶһȥӶ̫߹ӶѵģΪʲôҪܾο½īͫҶӨʮкøУҶӨʵҲʦӦҲǸʿ
½īͫҶӨϻһʱѾʰһҲʮϲҶӨʿһףϻѾʿףһɭִлúܶࡣ
ĸ˼򵥳˵㶫ͳɭֳˡ

ټɭ֣дУգ⡣һɲҶŨζȴҲű㡣
ɭû·Ϊû֪ɭֵ·Ҳûɭ߳·⿴û·ɭȴ֪˶پ̽·Ŀݹǣ˭Ҳ֪ɭᷢʲôҲɭֵ֮
½īͫһ£ϴһֻɵİҶӨߣֺϻ
˴Լʱ䣬ǲߵɭֵΧɭʵ̫ˡ
·ҲһЩӶӣϾɭ̲ĵرڸ֮߰£в֮̽ˡν֮±·ȷʵǲ
Χ֮Ӷˣ½īͫڻĲݴɭнԶԶħ޵Ľ
ʲôħ޵ҶӨһᣬʡ
һֻҹǣнޣصǹٶȿ졣ֻΪ˰ȫûٶħ޵
ҶӨһ֣Щ֮ɫ
ѭŽ½īͫһнƽҹǣĸԽСģ½īͫһƣ˽ɭִɣҶ٣ͣеҹȥ
һ֮£˽ЩԾ
⻰
ĬĬӣԲסղصǡ


33  ޵

һ֮£˽ЩԾ
ǰģһͷߴĺɫҹǣһֻССħޡ
ֻУһֻСſڵϲͣĺУһֻССëɫѩףûһ˿ëһ׵ѩһ㣬ɷǿɰֻѩڵϣٲȻһ̲ʵѪϸ۲죬ԿС޵ȱһֻͲ޼иסˡ
ֲ޼һΪӶʹãԲ׽Сġʵĵ͵ħޣԸߵȽ׵ħһ׽סϾﵽ޵ȼħһǿǵģʵҲǿܴﵽԼʦĳ̶ȣҪò޼һļ򵥷׽סġ
ɫС޲ʱҪ̽뿪޼еԼֻֻҪһ˿ڴһѪ۵ͣĺС
Ҫ֪ħ޲ͬͨҰޣֲ޼ҲħʵǿٶȿصģԽҪƾѳȥԽ󣬼еԽ
С޵ֹ۲һΧ쳣½īͫ˲ŷ׷״δ߳
ֶϸĲ鿴С޵ϲɫͷīֻͫ޾ȻһֻѩǣӣŲã֪ô޼иסˡ
ٺ٣̫ˣ粻ɣȫѹȻС˵㣬ѩǿޣǳҹǣҲֻǸ߽޶ѡϻһֵĻҲʮֿġ
ҶӨ̲ס֣ī̫ͫһɭ־ֻ˵ޣҿ֪ѩǵľֵ߰أѩƤҲǳֵǮѩǵϺõҩģҲƵҩܹߵȡ
޼еӶû֣ޱҲû󷴿ǸϽ޽˰ɡϻҶӨĻӺ󱳳һ䵶ת
ʱ½īͫȴһ͵ֽϻֱѹס
áϻͣ£һʦҶӨƴӣʦõľ˵ȻҲʮ
ɫСޱͣĺУԴ½īͫˣǵһϯˣֻһſڵϣѾԤ֪Լˡ
½īͫһ⽣ӿռٿ䵽
⽣ָɫСޣֻСһĽ½īͫҪԼͬʱֱ½īͫͷ
½īͫûС޵İҲûнջءֻǳСµһ̲Ѫȥֻֻһ˲䣬գ۵Ĺ̲ʺѪûˡͬʱѪ⽣һ˲һ˿⡣
ϧѪͦãʵ̫ˡ½īͫ̾˿һ
ͣһƵ޴Ĳ޼бΣסС޺ȵļӿˡ
ɫС޾ȵ½īͫӨӨ۾ֳмĹâû˵ֻǰ˼˵½īͫĽ£ͷͣ½īͫĽš
½īͫСë׵ӣҽҽȣ߰ɣȥȥɡ
ǵһᣬСȴߣʼշ½īͫĽ¡
˾Цѩ̹ǰ㵱ˣҪʹɣлĻԼޣޣͨԣһԼԺͿԼ鹵ͨ
ԱҶӨϻҲֵͬ⡣Ҫ֪һֻǺټģҪԦһֻħ޸ѣҪ˵ȼϸߵˡ
ҲԦʦҩʦΪ߹ڣҪ֪ħʵǿҪ˳ħѱΪԼ޷ǳѣһԼɹһֻħ޸ߣʵȻд
˵Ľ飬½īͫͷСѩǱڻȻڻԼһֻ޵붼񫣡
½īͫѩǺһ˾뿪ˡȵԶˣͻȻһĺӳڴ˴īĿеЦ⵴һ૵ѾͷǺõˡ
һʱ䣬½īͫ˻ɭֵΧһ·ѩ½īͫµģǸȤ
ţѩǶ½īͫļͷͻȻ˼̴ٵĺУھʲô½īͫȻƺд򶷵
½īͫкּѸٳķȥڿʱΡ
̽飬ԭһڹһֻʯʯһ˴ϸ࣬ǼΪ׺ĸ߽ޣΣѾһֻ޵ż
˵ȫ£ʯƺԲ·磬ħ޵ͬȽ׵˺ޣޱǿ̫࣡
Χʯļ½īͫʮ⡣һˣŮм½īͫʶģһ⻹һ֮ǰϮҶӨ¬š
˼ţҶӨȴסˣۺ죬޶˲㱻¬ȡʱǾûᡣ
ҶӨҪȴ½īͫһץס漴½ī֪ͫ˼ƵĸڶһҶӨˣʱ̲סЦˣ½īͫļЦģôôķӡ
½īͫգգ̶īĿʲôһְɣ
⻰
Ŭӣ


34  ûб

½īͫҶӨһǰһһԾͳսȦԣֺϻҲ
Ŵϱ½īͫ˺˲鵤ҩҲһֱûиԭʱ½īֱͫ޵ԹĶ
½īֱͫĿ⣬ɵԾսȦڣһڽʯԱߣֻǾΪҪʱȴ̧̧֣·һʯ
ˣǸʲô
ʱҶӨȴû㶣һԾֱȥ
ȻϳԼ۸ˣԼҲԽ䱸Է͵Ϯ
ءҶӨƺһûվȣһײϡ
û𣿡üҶӨŭŷһ̣һҶӨϮֻҶӨѽӵܿһ
ҶӨЦس½īͫ˵ͷֺϻʱҲˣڲԶֱۣ·ڿϷƵĿ¬ŵʯս
ʱսҲĳϷԵı仯ֻһֱȴʯƺۣƵ
ʯ֮Ϊħޣ˷ͨȫһʯͷӲƬȫʱ˫Ŀͨ죬Ծ޴βɨϮˣѪӣ߸̧ѹȥ˭֪˭ѹ¼촷ۣʵǿֿҲѡ
ʵ̫ǿ½īͫ£δָĿǰҲǸͽѣڹʯġ
ʱۼʯСɽ㳯Լѹŵĵѣڵʯ䣬·һ绮һˡ
½ī̫ͫˣȻħҡ˻
ħۣ˼壬ܹħ޷ҩۣҩ۲ԭҩ۵ΪӣҪʮֲͬҩİãһ˺ѵõ
ֻ½īͫȴټ򵥲ˣҩмҩĵ÷ħ۽䷽Ӷѣħ۸ѵõĽҩҩҩ÷½īͫҩİǰҽƴѧЩҩֵҩץ˲ͬҩݺ󣬲ħζħ޷Ķۡ
ңӴţ޷ֱħ۸ӱ̬ҩۡ
ħħ޷޷ħע⣬ֶҪħ޳ûĵطһˣûбİ취ˡ
ֻ޷Ȼ½īͫȴǴ󷽵ͨҶӨʹˡ
ôգҵȻöһ㣬ǲǣ½īͫ΢ƺǰı仯Ȥ
Ѿ˿ģۿžѹȫ⣬һݣһ߳¬Ŵ󺰣¬ӣҡ
¬ĺʯľβ󣬼æԾֻǣǷľ󣬲ͣ˽Ųɲðգ߽޵ķܹͨӵµģȻԼ˶ɶҲȲҪ
ɾʯ׷ʱȴͻȻӻȡһﳯʯ
顪һ죬ʯӲƤ˺ѣ޴Ȼ£ֱõֳһӡҲΪѵǿʮ׿⣬һˤ˵ϡ
ѵû뵽ȻֶˡҶӨٴӵԾݾͲӰЩáֺһļҲ׷ȥˡ
Щˣ϶Ҳùȥǿߣ½īͫԼЩֱеĸоµ΢΢ʶһΪʯĴ뱬ѵıըرǱѵ춯صħ޸˹ľʲôħޣҲ
˿ֺ̣ϻҲɫкѸ뿪ͬʱԼҲʩչΣҪ뿪
ֻ½īͫʯѱѵըȻǻˣһʵǿϧǣæŤͷ˵ߣ˵ܵʯԱߣӿռȡ⽣ʯӴ塣
⽣Ѫֻ˶ʯۿɼٶСܿһССɣ⽣ɢ⡣
ֽشߴ½īͫߣ½īͫ⽣Ĺ⻪۶ˣѪɫתΪɫ뵹âڻǵ⼣ͷһϲá
ʱͻȻоԼΧһĿش⽣뿪漴һħޣҲ֪֮֮ǰ𶯵ԭ
ʵϲһֻħޣԶԶһֻħҪµĶ࣬ΪһȺҹȺ
ʯͬҹҲڸ߽ޡ˵δ̤еҹһֻҹҲʮǿĻôһȺҹǣû˸˿СΪҹǣȺħޣ
½īͫŵһҪᵽɤ۶ˣѸٹ۲һƣҹǷǳѾ·ȫΧˣ
⻰
ӣʹ


35 ҹ

ҹȺΧ½īܷͫ򣬴ԵĹһ£½īͫôԼϰͷ֮ࡣ
ҹǸͷߴʹ׳ڱܣżצض½īͫɫ˸̰Ĺâ·½īͫϾͳΪڵ
½īͫʯϰγ⽣ƽֱۣΧסԼȺͻȻһ˿ȻȻѾ߲ˣǾɣ⽣Ѫȸʹ죡
⽣·˸ӦƵֳһ˿ںҫ۵ĺ⣡
·ҲܵΣգҲԾԾԣԴһ˿ɱ˷ܸоݸ½īͫҲѪ
½īͫīĿ˸ЦЦãȻѪǾͷӳɣ
յɭϰҹΧ½īͫѲһֻҹŻڶˣſ½īֱͫ˹
ɫⱩˣͨɫ⽣ǣɱһʱ˱ڸǵӰֱ͸գһ˿Ѥ⣬ע½īͫϡ
һ˲䣬˿ƮڷīͫˮڽɫĹ£½īͫ·׵ؼޱȵµİ⡢Ȼɱ˹ҹ֮ȥ
ܵ½īͫƣ˹ҹƺЩˣһ£ⳤͻȻ쳤һ񼱴٣ƺںͬеͬ顣һӰ£Χס½īͫȺõ˽ĺŽǡ
ؼ䣬һϮɫӰڷ裬ΧһӰڲϵؽӽֺܿ뿪ɫܿ챻Ⱦ졭
½īͫѾ֪ɱ˶ֻҹǣԵظоڵһľҲģ֪ܳŶãֻھҵսУʮ־ظо⽣ƺָĸоÿҹʱ򣬲½īͫ⽣ƺѾݸźţԵĳ
һߵȺͻȻֹͣ˹
½īͫЩ֣ڹ۲ԺףһͷͽýߴҹǳˣֻҹкܴͬëһɫǴڵģڵҹĽУɢߵϢҹ
ʱ½īͫ֡ҶӨǻˣΧҹս½īͫЩжϾðΣջѣ
ԵĹһ£½īͫԼɱҹǴԼѾʮͷȺһʱɵδǰֻȻнͷҹǣҹڣǴ˿Ȼڶ½īͫ
ҹ֣Ⱥ԰ڵϣȴָֻȺһ̴ٵĺУȻһһԾ½īͫǰȻ½īͫɱôԼͬ飬ҪԳսˡ
½īͫȫǺ֪ҪԸҹнޣǽɭԺʵǿħޣֻһʿʵʵֻļȻļʿͬ൱ǣսʵԼʦȽ׵ޣʵ̫ˣּܿһۣȺѽԼ·Ҳܲˡ
½īͫһᣬǾɣһͷ޲ɣս⽣Ǻ˲ѪԵʣʱ⽣Ѿ֮ǰһ⼣߰ˣԼɼںڴĹڽתﰵ̾һñֻǲֻʲô
Ѿ½īͫ󵽵õıˣ
ûɽɱӰ죬ʮµķůůģȻɭﳣ겻⣬ɫ࣬಻ɢŨĲľ㣡ڴ׵ľ֮ϣһߴĺӿ
ӳ磬ֱƮ΢΢Ľüĺڿзӵ̬ѸݣһϮ´ƮϢҹеӥԵ°ʢˣȻɢŰµƣ
ϣ̫Ѿͷڻҹ쾡ȫӣûоϵ֮ô
ҹǰצ΢ȵŵأ˳ǰԾ½īͫ
½īͫ⽣磬׷ʽȫʹ
䡪ѸĽײҹϣȴֻǻƤѣн޵ķȷ̬
ҹһȴ½īͫ˴Ʒɣֹס壬ŲԵϣˣԸоѪڲϡ
ֻǣҹһ֮δֹͣһ̧צɨ½īͫǿʹ½īͫɵϣߵķһֱ䣬ȴģҹ
½īͫҪ϶ԼʱͻȻһ̻
ͬʱʶǲ̣ˣһߴĺ
һգ۾ߡûпܵģ½īͫоڰб𡣱ֱ۳ȶĻů
Ļһиս֮ʹƣͻȻ糱ˮϮ½īͫͻȻ˯һ
۾һգ˯ȥ
⻰
ӣƷ֤


36  

½īͫʱ򣬷ǵڶ峿ˣԼһŲϡɷǳ˯ĵʮϻһĺ£ůͣĸ˯һᣬ͸оԼڱš
ԥ֣۾һҹ죬ʲô
ʱΪ˯ѵԵʣϴһ˿ΣȻ˯ʵ۾Žŭǿɰͷ΢΢ɢҵɢǰڶͷϣƽ˼Уѩ׵ļƣ޵ĺ촽΢΢ƺձȥ̽Ѱ
ҹĳˣҲ΢΢һһҪݺһǿѹסͷĿƿĿ⣬ûٿûбصʲôֻǺôβѡ
㲻ѿ½īͫ飬ҹ֣ҽҽβʱʹ÷˵ĺ׼ȷȴҪߣǸͽӣĲ˵ġ
ղ˯ʱһ̽ĵȻҹ󲿷˼ȻڻζոֻС棬ϸϸСɣ޹ǣǱõİ˰֡޲ʵʵ˵
㡪½īͫһʱˣͷԼɶĵͽӣȻȻԼ˯֮ѵ׵֮һŮ˵ǶôҪصĵط
ãȻԼûб⿪ҲգҲͬǵһμˣ̧ͷüвҾ㰡ôôͻȻĪˡ
ҧҧôûңһɱ㣡֪˿̵ʵʮǧô򣬴˿̣ͻ֣˭
㣿Ҵû㣬ɶеġҹ½īͫƴɱС̲סӣһ޹ӡ
㡪½īͫһˣѵǻôͨôۣ
װɣҹƽȻһϮػĺȻ¸½īͫϣƺƾɵ·Ҳĸ߹ţɢߵƣô½īͫţ˾װ
Ҫ۸ҪǿѸϵĺÿ첲һԾֻ˯ʱûãһ½īͫŷȫûһطۣҹȺҹսļصԺԼɱôޣ˿̺񿴿⽣ʲô
һ⽣䵽Լ뵵ĺ⡣
ѣһ첻ѡ
⽣ѿԭ⽣ˣϵİ߲⼣ѾԭݲƽĴֲӣǹ⻬ƽīһϺõīĹâתرǣƺЩ΢鶯֮
ҹ֮Ҳ΢΢Щ֣̲סκôô죿
½īͫϲɷ˵⽣ҹκˣҿǲκˣʵ̫ˣ⽣ǲκˣ˵彣ֻôʲô̫֪ˡ
ҿԣһҹͳ˻Ƶһ˿
ʲô
Ժҹһ˵Ȼ½īͫ˯ʱ鿴һĵ˫֣ͷɻ󲻽ûнˡ
ĵﲢûʲô֮Ѱߵĵ΢ǿЩˣȴ޷ٶȣżûһ˫֣Ȼĸо֡ôҲղȴʵûзкβͬѰΪʲôܹĶǵ֮⣬˵ʵǸգ
½īͫѪͽӾǵͽӣҹ죬һһص㡪Σ
ҹһ½īͫ·Ҫ˵Ŀ⣬ЩĽ͵ˣĵֶѡ
ҹ޹Ŀ⣬½īֱͫҪʹԴǰֱƾӰۣ
һù⽣̴ѶûУˣԼϵʹӹһݶ£һʯ̨
Ժ½ī֣ͫǳĺ֣ʯм䣬ȴ쳣ߴֱգر׳˺ΧҲ֦ҶдУһƬȻ
½īͫѰҹĸȴ̺ύһʯУʯֻ죬ԭһСϸСɫҺ岻ϵĵʯС
Ө񣬶Һ壬½īͫһӸоڿͣһڣ˫ֲ£ɫҺĵطһ򣬾;һС̧پ˱ǡ磬Ȼ֪ʲôҺ壬Ǳŵζͷһڡ
⻰
Ʒ֤ӣ


Ǿ

һںȥ½īֻͫɿڣʵںúȣƺг伢ãţ˺üڣֻĿƢʹƺûˡ
ͷķָҹ죬Һ徿ʲô֪Ϊܾ֪ģΪɲʵԼҲ˵ֻŤͷԺ󣬲ŷ֪ʲôʱѾˡ
˸ãʡͽӡһ뵽ո˵ԼֱԴôģ
һӣ׺ȱԺ½īͫ˴΢ľСȣһվ
վܹ۲һ£½īͫùΧ̫һҪ׳ߴ֦࣬Ҷ쳣ïܡ
ΧŹתȦĿ˲׷ֵϸСɫҺϣѵԵʣ
˳δҺȥ½īͫһСҺԴͷԺˣ
ԼôһСݴ˷źȹɫҺ塣ʱεδ֮ҺϷһʯ͹ɽȪˮ˳ʯͷһһε䵽ݴҺҲһһε
ݴ룬һСɫ֥һĶСһ㣬òϲˡ
С½īͫˣ޴Ŀϲһӿͷʵû뵽ԼȻۼ̲ס۾ϸ˿ȻС
ûǾ
ǧ֥֮壬˳ɣժһƬʳ֮иЧ֪ж޷ϧһдѰҾ֮ʳ֮ϴ裬ٶȣҲǾλӶͰǰλԭ򣬲ֵ𣬶мУ
żü飬½īͫСؽĹʵҲǷʺ֭ƬҶժȻֻƬҩʮһƬҶҪǧ귽죬ƬҶҪһǧ꣡
ϸذƬҶŵռպã֮ǰóһƬ¡
պԺһɫҺ壬ܾȪˮҲ̺˾ҩԲŻɫ½īͫʮϧ
ͳƿСĵؽҺʢ룬Һɢܰζƣʮֺš
Щ͵յֻѩС޻Լڿռǽ份
Сƺո˯ѵӣ½īͫԺܹȥǵزȣ½īͫС޴׵ϸë룬ⶫԼ˰ɣתһ룬һҲ治һ˵ǮҲ˳ԼһֻޣԼⲻѶͽһֻˣʵ̫ˣ
˵С˵㣬ǳԺʵ൱ǿģ
뵽½īͫС޵ͷС޷·Ųӡֻһ½īͫͻȻ֣С޺񳤴˲٣
ϸ˿û˵ʱճĻôڵһֻޣ֮ǰһȦ
ѵǿռʱٵԵʣһٱһʱ٣οһֻޣ
ôٶȣò˶þͻΪһֻޣ
ϲһһ½īͫʮֿģЩСһˣۿʱ佫磬½īͫɭħ޳ûΣأԼɢ뿪ο⽣ѾκˣôɭִеĿҲﵽˣ˵ɭ̲޾ĵرͬҲ̲޾ΣգԼѾõ˾ѩǣ˵Ѿõ
½īͫһǸ̰ĵˣշִ磬ڲ֮ء

㣬㣡һĿӷڴ
ɫҰףбڴϣһѾͷϸĵĸĨҩ
½īͫȻñɵֶΰҿбѵǸʮѵõıѵôʹˣ;еۣҼˣҲ鼱֮ܿѵǿըȡ
Ѿͷܲһ㣿Ȳ֪ǲǣ۵亹ʪ·һŰѸĨҩѾͷ߷
ѾͷŵæڵߵͷԲС㣬Բū澸ū澸
ˣһ̾ͺˣģ˵ҩЧκˣһкܺõЧ֤Ȼԭһ޳ˡ¬żƢһ˫ɫԵ۾µߣһĵذο˵ŸһߵѾͷʹ˸ɫѾͷϽҩ
Уܾôˣ¬ӣô۸㣬ѵͲ𣿡ᣬòƳص
ϣҵĸΣô˵ͿأҵȻˡ¬һϽȥᣬ˳ƽ§뻳֡
֣Уʲȥܾôˡ
¬գ˵ģϣҸί
һСѾͷƬ¬һ˿İ⡣


ڸѾͷƬ

۾һ˵˵ģ
Ȼһƭ㲻ɣ¬űֲֵ
ʱѾͷѾĨҩߺˡŤӭţ¬ŸͣƾҪϴȴһ
ʲô˼ҵȻأǼŮʰˣҵҲˣȻźġ
Ŷôźң¬Ϻúõ˼ѣһЦ
һ죬ץס¬ŵԼǰһš¬ŵǰƵĲʹһ̲סһ
죡֮͵һ㱨ϢʱҪ¬ҧĶ˵漴ٺЦ߳˷䡣
Ѿòͣ޲ʱ½ī֣ͫû֮Ҳ߯СˣǸСѾͷƬ¶
¬ŵӰʧ¶Цݣŷ˸˯ˡ
¬ȫǲߣϣܿ½īͫϢ

ҹʱ֣ڲ£ںڰ֮С
¬Ŵҹ£˳һҲСĿջ⡣
￴˿δκһԾݶʱյţ½īͫסҿջֻ˵ǮӵһƵĿд½īͫסĵطԴ˿ֱ̣ӳǸطȥ
ĵشݶָͱƴֽ￴ȥֻﾲĵģԹıʾ˯֮ѽ硣
¬ŴӻͳһҩۣһĽҩ۴ӡ
ֵһȷŴϵҩ֮ƿ˽ȥ
һŵ㣬¬һֻ泩һ٣ûľ½īͫӡ
ɭǼģһϮʤѩüףرһˮǣȴʧߣͶгʣ·ͺʹŮһȣòʡΣＰϴŮ֮һ
½īͫò¬ŵĺжʱа˸۾󲽳ȥڱŵˣ¬ֻһһ
봲ԽƢԽĻ𣬵£һ͵ذѱСˣҡ
Ȼû˵꣬ȴסˡ
ֻһͷﻹ½īͫӰӣ
¬ʱһӵ죬תҪ򴰻ȥ
ֻĽŻûƶ͸оһѱĽԼģ𶯣һָͷҶҪ¬ŵĶȴͷ
ΪȻ˿ûв±ƣΪ߶٣Ǵʶ̽ûʿףһͽѣôͰԼסġ¬Ű˼⡣
ǺǣȻңΪôߣԽŮٶ
¬ŵɫһ±ˣŵĺ˭˭
˵أ½īͫס¬ŵѨλסƵת¬ǰ
½īͫ¬Ҳ벻Ե½īͫ߻վһӣֻ¬俴죬ȴ֪˭ӸӦҲʿ׶ѡ
û¬ţǲģ½īͫ΢ʵںãɹϢ
㲻ð׷ˣҲģ¬ŭģô꣬û뵽ȴһСѾͷˡ
ңãǾʹ˵Ϊֹ
Ҫô죬Ǻãȫ⣬ѵ־ܣۿ½īͫԼ¬۾һתģӻȥˡ
¬ŰγʹȴǼ죬½īͫȥ
أ
ˤڵϵ𣬲½īͫ¬šȻԼ涯½īͫһҲûк
ֿͦգۼ¬ŵǰ¬ſڣһţֱӽӶ¥ĴߵԺ
ֻ¬ǿĵʹӲһµ𣬼һطӳȥ
Ҫȥ׷ȴ½īͫס׷ˣָֻʹѡָʹ֪]óѣضġ
ֵͷ֪½īͫ˼ܣȽȫ档
ȻǾ͵ŰɣϢɡ߳䡣
ĿֵӰӽʧ½īͫ˯ȫޣ굽ռȥˡ
Ȼиǿĵˣô֮ǾԼʵ
⣬ɭʱһƬҩݹȣŲҩݣһвҩݣ½īͫϲܵĲɼһЩңΪٴνɭܹҵƬݵأ·רűһЩǺţĻ´ȥɼҩݾͲҲˡ
һ´ڿռҩݡȻһ£طԼȻʿף֮ǰԼĽ׵ģôôֽˣҪ֪ʿ׵ĻرõţҲҪһ꣬⻹Ǽˡ
ֻＰԴһ㵭ɫΣ½īͫһˣһǾҺ壡֮Ӳһ
⻰
ǣīī˵仰īīһηģдòãīī֪лǻʱīīģлǵղأϹīīˣҲΪһЩԭϸһīīĲģֻܻβ
ǣīīдⲻ̵һӣ֪ǶĵۣīīдĲãϣָ֪ԼĲܸܲīīһȥĶϣأīīҲ~


ôˣ

Ǿ֭Һǿã½īͫһȼԣ½īͫԾʵڴ
£ӿռСȡ֮ǰպõľһԵһ
½īͫɢŨŨ㣬ʵưСʺһƬֻ֥Ǳ֥ҪӨҪܰ㣬֭ɫʵ˵Өâ·֭ܿҺת
½īͫθڴ󿪡ƺܺóԵӣҧһ֮½īͫͰһʵԵ˶ȷʵǳ
֮½īͫ£ʼһӹϲ̵ط֣һӨɫҺӸڿʼɢ֫ٺִ֫ٺʼȫ͸ɾۼȻ½īܹͫԵĸоһһķ仯𽥰һӨɫĹâŹâԽԽǿҲԽԽʵǿͣתھеİɫҺ壬ڲϵΪ
ǳ˷ܵطЩתת뵤ԼԼֻǺܿ½īͫͷԣ𽥾ۼӨɫҺƺԴԴϵΪתٶԶԶϲٶȣϵؾۼھ¾ԽԽ͡
ʱһһĹȥ½īͫ۾ڵͷϣԵɫӲ԰ףˮ˳żһһεصǰϣȫ·Ѿʪ͸ոմˮˣǴ˿ȻֻѾ
۾ᷢԼӾǴһѩ׵ƤӨ͸ܿƤϸ΢Ѫܡ
½īֻͫÿҪˣҪűˣȫȻǿͣѾֵˣѳܹܵļޣѾȫתǰɫҺȻûʧļ󣬾ô£
֪ǼҩѰ֮ܵõôĹʵһСƬʵҲǷǳˣ
Ҵ˹֮ʱǳע⣬ڴҩ귽ɣ֮ҩǿ죬ִηãתɹٽʳ½īͫȴһԶȫ˽ȥܳԵ
ֻ½īͫȫһ͵žϸ΢͵ķǳӨ͸ƤѪܿʼѣԭ԰׵ƤǼ䱻ѪȾ죬һͳһѪˡ
½īֻͫҪըˣȫѣѵҾҪô𣿲ԶĴ½ôˣʵڲģֻһ˺ѷεǿʹϮǰһ˹ȥ
ʱһӰƴ롭

ĵƹ䣬ڵ񻨵ĴͶ䲻һӰ
ôôûãСѾͷԸˣ˼ҵǰ¬һۣҧгݵ˵
ԼôϹۣݣ·ĹӸܸԼȵûö˻Ů˻ʲô
ˣ𼱣ȻҴˣǸСѾͷƬӵĵұ֤´һʧˡ¬бʮְգԼʿ׵ʵȻԵ˸ʵԼѾͷƬԼӣĻŭͷǶӵ
ģһа취ҾǸѾͷʧ¬Ŀ¶׹⡣
¬ôһ˵۾ˣæʵʲô취
֪ôһǿ
⡪ԣ죬ЩĶһǿʵǿ˵ؽļӶǰȥַնĶءҪ֪ЩӶкüʦ
Щǿ½īͫ°ȥǸŮ˵òȼɱǸŮ˳ʹζϳʧǺǡЦݡ
ţ⻹벻ľͷԴﻹе㶫
Цˣ¬ҲЦˣûĴ
Ҫƻˣмɲٳ©ˣƯһЩ
ã¬ҲûʹӦˣʱĴϢѾı⻬Сȣһ·ϡ
ȣһơֻҪһ뵽Ǹ˻ᱻЩǿ׵ǿѹӵ˷ܵС
¬ʵǾϵ̲סһ
ôˣҪǸŮ˳Ϊˣʳ֪ζҹ£ÿʱÿ̶ŸôźáҲۣһβɣٱҵôһõĻᡣ
ңҲֻҪǸŮ˲ǰ֡ţһֲŤ?
⻰
ĬĬ


40  ־Լһ

Ѿͷ治ʡģż죬ָӦΣաѸٵĸˡ
ҹüͷֻһΣ½īͫȴƺ̫ʱɫ԰ףѪһڵϡ
һ˲ΪѾˣƷԼ뷨
Ѿͷô׵ľ׻˵˲ǧ꣬һ˵ģοϻôֵûнҿ
ͻȻ֪ʲôýģӿ½īͫڵ֮һҲû飬ӵԣ̽ڵ
֪һ֮󣬼ҹһӳȣҲ̲ססüͷ
ʵĲˣȻѪѾڲȫϵһƬң£Ѱûˡǡ΢
ҹæӻͳһöɫҩ裬һöĵڱסȻؽӵϷͷʶ̽
֪˶ãȵطڿʼֱ仯ѾѵľԱߣƺһĿɿڴزľһֿ֪̽ٶ
ľǿͼʵ΢΢ֳĹâֹâԽԽǿٶҲԽԽ졭
½īͫ۾ȻԼУֱǸѧװ׵ƣǳãһִȥһɽҵҩݣʦ˵׵ʱҪһƪҩоģҷӣһһֱæֲҩʵ飬ֻͷϵҩҪȥɽϲɵ㡣
˽һӵʱͻȻ˺˳ȥһԭǸСкˣҲû˺
ֻʹȫкȥԺȴûһ˿Χˮ㱣½īͫͻȻȫʧȥ˸о·ڻˮѵˣ
ҲһҪҵģˮд󺰣Ȼˣˮĸһˣĸĸһ¶һ˿Цݣ۾
ô㣿׼ң½īͫˮɵԲԲġ
ҹʹ۾һīĿŨܵĽë£û֪۾΢΢𣬽ĴҲ
죡ѾͷľѺȻܻңһη֣ѺȻܹˣȻô࣡
ȻСϣӵ֪̽ϢȻѾһ˴ʦĵȽף
죬ʵ̫ˣһֱʮֹעۿһǿϻţƱ̬֮ˣ
ûУ˵أÿ½īͫʮôÿζֶŵģ˵װû
ҹ컺ذջһŵĳ׷ˡ
ֱ˿½īͫŷԼȫ·ѱѪ͸İµϣ͵͵һҹ죬ãûڿԼתһضѾֲЩա
ôڻţ˼Ҫ·ȥɡ½īͫûĵҹҲû˵һԾ˴
úõĲҪߴ࣡ƺԼԼʱˣһ˽һöҩԼԼ˯ˡ
ѵҹ죿ô˵־Լһ
Ѹٵ̽һϢԼȻѾԾʦУʮϲ
⿴ѴѸٵ굽ռϴ˸裬Ƥ쳣ʮҩǿȴʵڲ
ʱ̽鵽ˣ½īͫѸٴӿռһ·š
ԭߴһ·ԼһͶϻƳǡ
ʰһ£һ·ˣҶӨʦϻҲһߡ
ҶӨ½īͫһ·ǽ½īͫҶӨˡȻҶӨϻɳģôһ
ҶӨصīͫҺϻǾʹ˱·ϱأ
ãҲأ
ϻǰԥһ£ȻӰóһ֪ʱİӵݸ½īͫˣǳԵ㶫·ɡ
զûɶʱȥİӣͷһμô飬ôܵҶӨЦ
½īͫЦЦҲûֽ˹ϻľЩԼСʦõһƴӵĺܡ
½īͫһԵ㣬ϻȴ˵Ǹ½īͫ·ԣȿ½īֳͫ˰ӣźҶӨһ뿪ˡ
ǵƳǵ·;ƥǰУббͷѾһʱˡ
Ϧ˵ӰϸϸӰչȥûãһԵ߳һŮӣһϮϵȹһ˫ֱֱԶȥӰݺͶ
ĸ
߰ɣߵٿһɣ½īͫھҪˡ˵ţ㽫ժһ仨顣


41  ˳Ǯ

½īּͫҴҵظ·Ȼ·ʻʢ羰Ҳͣ뿪ɳʱҲˣӦȥǡ
ͻȻ½īͫͬʱԾͬʱɵϢӹ˵ͷ˿ɹ
ְһգ½īͫȥֻü΢һڵϬľ⣬촽һͣ٣ұߵֿڵʲô
ֻǻ£û˳ֻ紵Ҷɳɳ
֪
һ΢죬ֻӴһԾ
ߵ½īͫʮԶĵطͣһſ
Ϊ׵ĸ߸˿½īͫԺһ˫۾ˣĿ¶ѵɫ½īͫɨɨȥҲĶ½īͫ
ϴѾͷҲ߯ˣôɱ̫ϧˡ
ѽϴֵǺü¶ûôƯŮˣץȥֵǺúɱ˵źƿˮҪ
½īͫ⼸ˣа𾪣˾Ȼʵôǿ
״ʦ״ʦ״ʦ״ʦ״ʦΪӣȴ½īͫҲΪ
½īͫǵΪһȵˣҲ̲סһȺˣǺηʥ
۾½īͫԷٵתţͻȻ۾һǣɽϵǿ
ˣǸ˸ֵģ˳¬ңֻɽϵǰǿˡ
½īͫǵݣǼҲŭһˣһЦСѾͷмʶȻ˶͹ԹԹɣøǶ֣֪㣡
½īͫ൱Ѿ˴ʦУܹͨʶо˵ĵȽףȻΪ֮ʵظ߳½īͫ࣬ԼҲ޷֪
ȫǴʦΪ֮ߣ½īͫ䣣ĺ촽šȻǿ⣬ǳҪ취
ʱȴĿ½īͫɫüͷߵīͫãҴűҩˣͻȻ⣬޷תأ
ҩ½īͫɫһô᣿ֻҶӨϻ˺һѵǣ½īͫͻȻϻǰͻȻİӣԼЩŹֵɫһȫˣ
½īͫɫϢӲ鿴ԼҲ𽥼ԼĽֻһ޷ʹ
ҵҲˣӦɡ
½īͫ˫ֱȭλ磬СŮ;·֪˵صĹأ˵Ҫ·Ǯ뱨ĿСŮԵعأλ㣡
ٺ١˶ôôҪ·ǮġǿɫеĶ½īͫ
ȻǾ뼸λиɡ½īͫԽ˿־֮ɫ
Ϊ׵ĸ߸ǿ۾һֱû뿪½īͫжԲЩĿ࿴ѾͷͲ󣬵ɫȴǲС̽ʵҲǸͽȴһҲǣ޿־֮ɫаͷ
²Уɴʵ˵˰ɣҪ˳Ǯ׻˵Ǯ֣겻Ҳý˵ǰɣ
˭ҵ½īͫ˼תԶǾȻ
ٺ٣йֲǲ֪ǲܸġЦ˵ţ½īͫȥ
ôһûǱʽףҲԸôˮСѾͷʣƤΣǿžġ¥ͷƣϲһֺͷ
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ⷬ£һ𣬾ǿҲ̲ססˡ
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˱һĿ½īͫڣȴǽ½īͫ֮⣬һ˿˿ľ塣
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òǣе᲻ɱˡ
ȷʵԸǸˣǵһ¬ҡ
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˵ʵֻǻƽһ򣬻ǶģϾǿģʲôǮǿŲȴ޷ܾ


ܱһһ

һһ߸ˣϴǰЩ죬϶֮ʱ߻ħ˵˸һȫޣֻƷҩܹ
ңְƷҩǮ򵽵ġѾѰһӣûҵ˭֪¬ţȻҲûʹӦˡ
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ͷҲһ˲ѣȻѾӦ¬ţ͵˵
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ǰ˵ߣص磬аܷߡ½īͫһ£ɴӦһ£˭֪Ժ᲻ϱҪˣʱɾ鷳ˡ
ûʲôеģ˵Ϳˡ߸ԲɵĿǵѵڣ㻹ܰô𣿡
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֣ߡ½īͫߴٵΪ׵ĸ߸˻ᷴڡ
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½īͫеżϱ鲻䣬ֵҪҵˣϣң㲻ߣǵһ
½īͫĻ˵ȷʵԼߵĻ𲻵ʲôãץȥ˾½īͫŶԣ뵽ҧҧðɣˣģౣأ
ֵ۾ģжŤͷ½īͫһۣת뿪ˡ
ĿֵӰʧˣ½īͫһĲŷһڣҪģǾʱ䣬ԼܾܲԼֻ֪ҪƽҲֵˡ
Ѿˣ߰ɡ߸˵¬˵ˣҪ½īͫʬ壬ŻѲǡ
ߣȥ½īͫʵ
Ȼǻɽկ߸˵
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½īֻͫöߴķ߸ٶȺܿ죬һѾһɽͷɽȥ
һץ½īͫӣ˾ܽŮһı꣬Ūе㱡
ڣɽկܿ͵ˡ
½īͫɽկſڣգۼ䣬ǿҲ
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ðɣ֮֮
ϴʲôһҩۣʵ
ô໰ȥȥ۾һУͷһ
ޡûٸʣӹҩˣȻϴð죬ĸаֲ֡ȻǸ缸ݰӣϴ󲢲ģʵıò缸ûһġ
ֻϴаŵ˵ͷе֣ǸɶҪͷ̲סſʡ
կʯϣ۾̧ͷ졣ɫѾˣһƬѤõĺɫ
ʵǰҩ۾ʲôҲ̫ǵǸŮ˽Լʱ۾һֺɫ
ŵǸŮ˵ͷ¬һŮóһСҩ۽
ʲôǺǣϣĶŮаЦ
ȻѾ˵Ҫʬ壬ΪλҪһ٣֡
ҲҪҪܾ
Լ£կ˰߲İӰ΢紵һƬҶĻʪ£Ŀ
½īͫͷεġ
ǰһ챻ɽկ½īͫһֱСɱµķµӰ죬޷̤ӡϵʱиѾģŮԼͷ̱ûжһοֵطֻǳһʳ˯ˣ̱ͦʣͷɢƻ㣬˯ͦá
ֻǣ糿ȴе㲻Ծ


43  Ȼ

½īͫͷһΣڸһСӿɲǼȫͬСһ㣬ͣץ壬ͬë鲻ѡ
Ҫȥǿȫ飬վߵǰţȴ˿ˣһ硣վűߣ뾲һϢͼѹסֻԽ鲻ûмᣬԽԽǿңͬǧëڷãǧֻҧǧСڸ塣
ĸоԽԽǿңôСƺһɻɻ˲ձȫĺҲԽԽ٣巢ȣ˹ͷģ֣סſ򣬽бſϡ
ӲӲſ½īͫϣ·΢һ֣嶯һ£ּ˼֡ȫĸоĥ½īͫˣ۾ȫſϣȥ
ʱ֨Ťһſˡ
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ۿ½īͫƺҪڵϣһѽӵϷȻֵ¶ȴߵ𾪡
ô£ҹб޵Ľü΢һīĿ쳣䡣
½īͫǳƺʶǿҵĿܣԼҹϷʶҲ֮ǵ²ܱ֪ԣҵʱʱȫûио½īͫʲôΣա
ֵϢҹû˿ĳɣǸѾͷİΣƺһץģûּæġһȥǾ仰ƾʧֵǰ
ֻǣҹ½īָͫܳ׼ȴû뵽Ȼӡ
˭ôկӵģһ½īͫӣܺҲڴǰҩʹù½īͫʲô
ֻǵһߴĺһ½īͫʱޱȾȣҪ֪ΪͲľУڣҲƳ
ֲõԤУ޷֪̽˵ʵֻ˵˵ʵɲ⣡ԼҪߣҪ߳ܶࡣֻбһƳ½īͫĶ˵ģڿˮ۾ҪðŮˣʵ̫ˣ
һҩ
˵Ůģ¬ŴǸŮ˹ЫĳҪɱ½īͫ㣬Ҫ½īͫòҩԼһ̲סʱ½īͫһ˵Ҫװ׵裬Ǻô˼
ǰ˺ôöԸһٵָԼֵǵźš
˭뿪
Ϊһģҹûпڣͳ˻Ƶ·һħ䡣ߣ½īͫŪεͷųԼϢ
ܵҹɢǿϢ˸顣ڣֵǺܿͶˡ
ϴһϰֵǡȸİһ½ī̲ͫס̿ˮкҹȥǼǴʦССǣм֣
ҹһַ½īͫļ磬δǰ㳯Լ˹ˣֻ΢̧۾ؿһ
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Ļڵļ˳Ծͣϴ󡪡û˵꣬ȴԾطȻ˵һ¹
ֻһǿѹϮ˫Ȳؾ͹ˡ
Բס£ҲǮ˰£ǸµѣôھԴߡ΢Դܣףóʱơ
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ҹīĿ΢У֪Ϊʲô½īͫӣƺ޶ȱһ飬۵ζԼԾ


44  ȷʵÿ

ŪǮ˰£ҲԣһɲΥİϣҹһ½īֻͫĺɫȴ޷Զ
£¬źһŮ½ҩ۷½СڣҲʵ֪ǺսľֻͻȻǧ֮ͷѹ£ۡһѪѹ£ɥȪֻ£ԭί
ߣҹСָͷûжһ
Ѿͷ˵˭۸ˣ
ʱ½īͫȵĲУԺУҹʻ̧̧۾ɨһ۹ڵϵˣ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ˣǰɡȻǰոԼ˵ʵ¬źָʹǣǽǮУɵþһУǵͷϡ
ǣȻҩĵֶó伫´ټ֮ʱȪ֮գ
ҧҧԼʶһЩֻǣڵԼָǺãԼڵ״ǹѾڳľˡ
ھҴܵаյԽԽֻһС½īͫ;ȵҪʶֿʼģҲԽԽܿˡڵҸĶԼ½
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£һѽ½īͫᱧ𣬽żһͷɳ˷䡣
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ҹһӿ˲
½ī̲ͫס죬ףʲôôô̲ס֣˹ȥ
˻ҹĮȻΣҲ̲סһ
ѾͷȻָ쵽
ͬʱһϮ½ī̲ͫͣסһֻֻסĲӣ˵ϲȥ˵ģϢҲԽԽҡ
ҹͷһƴСüëҶ۾ˮģСɶ־£촽ǺƤ뿴ǿ˿覴ãõҪͨ͸⻬
Ůе˿˿УеԵĽڲϵĦ壬һ޹ǵָ۵պͽ޵ĺ촽ͷ˱
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ˮĽ½īͫ۾ſСϪɫܿͱˮʪˣϡ
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ҹüͷ½īͫѾͷҲ֪úñԼʲôӣ
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һҩ˲Ƕʱһ壡
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ҹ۾һ½īͫ˳ĿֻҪ棬۾һɣҧгݵתȥ
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ҹˣŹ˹վһת½īͫѾͷŲǹ⿴Ĵǹøˡȷʵÿ
½īͫҹԹԵתȥŷͷʪԼϵ·ˣɶҲû̫ղǸͽӻĿתؿԼ
Ѹٵذʪ·ֻǣһŷ֣İҲ֪ǿկûʲô·Ի
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ңҹʩʩȻת
㡪˭תģ·Ҵ½īͫæ·סǰء
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㿴ʲôˣ½īͫѵסǰ·ÿ̲סԼͷ
ûʲôǸֲ󡣡
㡪½īֱͫҪˣȻ˵ġ
ǸСģ˲ÿãҹһؽ͵


45  ֹĵͽ

·ӹͷ½īͫ޺޵̫ɺˣȻġôҾȻ˵Ǹ
ŭشҹ·ȫ·ʪ͸Ծܺɫ۶½īͫ˵ޱȣҲֻϡ
ˡ½īͫԺ󣬿ҹʼûٻͷһ
ҹֻ½£ǴڽУīڼϣŨڵĺɫüһ˫īĿ½īͫ
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鿴һ壬ĸоУ֮ǰҪöˣеаҲϨ𣬿Ȼĸо
ҳԵʲôҩ
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½īͫٿ۾ⶾǿǴ˵УƷߴƷĵҩ붼۲ˣԼ֮ǣµĶҩҲ߼ģ˲ŲòԼ½ⶾôã
϶ԼҽԺԼõļֵ˲ŲýⶾԼ
ֻ½ī֪ͫǣҹ첻˽ⶾһγ
ǸιĵҩԺ취ġ½īͫϲǷ˵ģôĵҩôܾİõĵû˳ˣ
áҹ카˹Ѿͷֵûͦ塣
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ĺÿһ󣬼һСôӯӯһյϸСʵ󲻳һ϶
ţ·ͦһԼǰȴԼա˲ҹСһа֮ǰͬһطߵѪҺƺһ˻ȥԼΪԾ
ûŮˣҲûнӴŮˣֻŮҲ޷ǶЩӹ֬׷ۣ᲻Ȥ﹫Ůû·ǰҲûж࿴һۣرݣŮͶͱŮ˸
ԣΪֹͯΪѾԶɥʧ˶Ů˵ȤôɸɾȻһǰŮӣȴȤɹ
һʱ䣬һǿҵͷ룬롪Ҫ
ŤͷȥٿΪ֪ٿȥ᲻̲סǿϡ˵׾٣ᣬһǿǷԼˣ˺ܿ죬ǿԼתͷͷһȴм尾ԼǾ޴ȴ
紺ڴдɽУľ£΢֣һ󻩻ʵĿ˵Ļ㡣ֻУߴ֦ϣɹżѩ׵£Ʈ
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½īͫһתȻ¬Ŷô񰮡ôܲաһǣһ˿һһ£ɰɣԭҺ־ҪȥģҲˣҪ·£Ѿȥˡ
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ȫԵ᣿˵˵ȫԵĴᣬžһΣÿٰʱ򣬻ǶٰȨٰܾ൱ʵһεľٰȨ˵䵽˻Ϊ³ǡ
֪˻ѵõʢᣬһٰ죬ڣϡѼƷпܱǸߵȽ׵ĹҩݣЩ˵ϡƽƷָߵȽ׵ıҩпܻ֡
˵ǰĴֹƷҩԼ
ңִ᲻ͬһᣬˣҶԴҲǳע챦򶼻ѡִᣬԼıüǮֿ԰Լıߡ
½īͫвЩԼĿռﻹƬĹʵõƬʵѵһҩģõϣī̲ס䡣
ǴһȥûҪԼС˵ʲôҲٷˡҾֹ֪ʵһһֻܷһΣЧ
֮⣬ҪǣִʢᣬΪҹӵ¬һȥ½īͫĴ߷˶Цݡ
ȻȥΪʲôȥǲˣ
Ƴ½īͫǵ΢Цҹ촽˹ѾͷǵС˼ƭң


46  츳

Ҳһȥҹƺһ˿ζ
㣿½īͫб۾һۣʲôͼѵԼν
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½īͫ·Ժ·ˡ³λڻϷúԽǣ·;ңԶҪμᣬͲٵʱ䡣
ԶԺԭĲԴͻȻһζʮİ׷ߣһһݣ뷢԰ס
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ûŤͷȴͷվţ۽˸漴Цõ˵£ôŮһһ˻ޣ
Ĩһ۽ǣһЦˣҲûޣǸˣô겻Ůˣ쾹ȻȻһ죬˵ȥˡ
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ˣڲŷӦЦ˵ţһĺڣһֻСɵĸ䵽¸ݲϡ
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ϣ½īͫԼķϴ˸衣ҹƺûʲô룬һ·ϵǲᣬҲûٶʲôֵľٶ
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ѩếһǶ½īͫشԼ˵顣
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ܷĸӣһöɢıҩƿŬѹסͷļĵһҽ֪ڶʲôͺԥȥ
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47  ں˭ͷ

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ǣֻǲİˡһһֱҲƺ


48  ߾ˮ

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49  ʲô

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50  Ǻö

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50  ʶʱ

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51  ĵԦ޾

ܿʱȥˣʱ߾ˮļ۸ѾȫֻھÿμӼ۶ǧˮҶӡ
Ǹʮ˺žʲôˣⲻǳĺ𣿡ɫ࣬ҧгݵһ˲ƺƺЩ죬½īֻͫ漴૵ܵģǸôܻôǮ˽ģ
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ѹƷԦ޾˼壬Ԧ޾˽˼Ԧħ޵ĹֻһҪ֪֮ޣ֮ʱԦ֮Ԧ֮׾٩٩̸Խ˵Խ˷ܡ
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ʮ˺ôоܲ˳ءһȹð½īͫ뿪ƺеһ˿
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ҪȰ˿סٶ֣Ǹã۾˸а⣬΢΢
¬ŻһЦãܵ
һһǰһ𱬣
½īͫͷѾûжٳ룬ҪԿΪڼ䣬ǧˮҶһƷҩ񵤣Ҫ뵽ԼԦ޾Ҫǿľ񵤵ٷ֮ʮľԦ޾ҪİԣԼǷġ
ڶѹƷҲѹƷ
׾Ц̨Ͻ֮ܵǰ˵˴Ὣ벻ƷôƷʲôأ
ƺ˸ӣȻЦЦЦؽŵƷͽҲǴ˴δѹƷ
ڳÿ˶ɴ۾֪ȫѹƷʲô
׾һŮһµĺɫС
һʱ½īͫƺǸʽĺɫ
ֻ׾ִ򿪽УóһƷȻ֮չʾˣһȱƣīƳɣϸ壬£ɫڣȫһ˿ɫƱؾϸε񣬱֡
׾ϸؿ˿̵̵֣ƺһϰ֡
ȻַȥĿ˿˵ƵıһЩֵ·
׾óƷĵһۣ½īͫļҲһƵĲȱƣ¬ų͵Ĳ֪Ǹʲôƣʱʮֺ棬Ҫҹ죬ֻ˾ȻΪݺݾܾȻ֪Ǹʲô
ֻȱƾȻΪѹ֮
ȿȡˡ֪ƷҲ֪ʲôʲôáǣƵĲͨƷжȻһЩܣھʲôܣϷҲԴȣڳĸλмʶ㲩ʶôģ˽һ¡ڴлˣ˵Ҿ
̲סŤͷҹ죬ȴҹڵ˫Ķ̨ϣ֮ϵ˫üƺȫûע⵽Ŀ⡣
һ˵׾Ż׼һˮҶӣÿμӼ۲ǧˮҶӣ
˻һ䣬ֳȺʱһƬɧ½īͫһҲ̲סһ


53  и汳

˻һ䣬ֳȺʱһƬɧ½īͫһҲ̲סһ
۸ǲͣ
ȻȱʮָȤѾһȱƣ᲻ƴһˣ֪Ҳصʮֺ档ǣȴѾû˳룡
ȻʲôҲǰ״½īͫǸоΪɡ
һʱ䣬Ͼ˲΢ЩҲʮһЩǴ⻹ĳ½īͫû뵽Ǯ˻治١
ʱѾˮҶˣּ˼ǻʮֵļңƺһȹȴû֣֪ǲڹ
½īͫŤͷֿ˿ҹ죬֪ôģо֡ҹ˵֪ȱʲôôΪʲôǲȱģǲʲôء
ܿʱȥˣʱ۸˰ˣֻжڹӲдľţÿμӼ۶Ǻ˵ĴﵽһˮҶӡ
ļ۸ֹʮˮҶӵʱһȹˣӼ͵һˮҶӣ⻹ǵӿʼһγ֡
ҹˣֱӼӼƺһȹ֪֮ѶˡҹһӼһεķˡ
쿴صʮߺųˣһӾͼ򣡡
ʮߺһγ˵ע⣬Ƿǳֲ֣Ϊȹ˻˶ǮʺԺ֮
ҹǮںܶ˵Ϊǰ׳յΪڸӲƸ˿Ŀⶼעһȹҹ˵ľ֮ϡ
ҲҲ־ڱصðƺе㲻öԸһȹ¬Ŷʮߺŵλõ֮ǰȻϡͿԼǿƸˣҶ֪ôģʵòգƣϧһҪõ
򣡡¬ҧҧ
ʮ򣡡ҹıʼյģ·м۵ĲǱƵġ
жʱһƬ
ʮ򣡡һȹ¬ŵɫѿ
½īͫĿɿڴؿҹһˣƷǮмҲûһġ
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Ӷʮ򣡡¬ŴʱڵѪʮ򰡣ôһ˵ûˣ
ʮ򣡡ҹƽ
ۣȴһӶټֳ֮ҵĺȲ֮
ʮߺŴľϲױȵģһ˴ϰˮҶӣᶼûгֹģһļ۸ѾûܹٸҼӼˣԷԼһѣʧǷǳصġ
һȹ¬ŵɫ࣬ûٳضҹλãߵ½˼䡣漴ͷתȥ
ߣҺԣ¶һ˿ݵı顣
ȱʮߺţҹϲɣȫᵽ˽λĵ̨ȥһȡҿѡֱӴߣҲѡƷСվڸ̨ϵ׾
½īͫ漴˵˺̨ԼԦ޾ȡȻصԼĿջ
صջϷţ½īͫȲ굽ռҪϰԦ޾ң֣ѩѾһͷˣһ½īͫǵܵĽűߡ
Ԧ޾Ԧ޾Ϊͨ顢ԦƪǵһƪͨԦƪӦ֮
ƪһķľǿǿ־ᶨ־ᣬΪҰ޵Ȳ࣬ǿ־رһЩ׵ҰޣɱѪ־ᶨܼԦԸȾ־ᣬúɱ̣ײϡ
ƪгɺ󣬲ܿʼͨԦƪͨʶķԦʹ޵ķ
˿Ԧ޾ƪĹţһʱ䣬оԴԴϵھѭһǿ
֪˶ã½īͫ۾̶۾һһûѸٳ˿ռ䡣
Ȼ͸Ӧһմӿռ͸ܵһɲѰ͸ͷųȥʶı𵽣ɱ˷Χˣ
ȷ֮½īͫ˫ƽī˲ŶĿķâϻһɺϢ˻治١
ֻǺܿ̽鵽ķ䣬ҹķ䣬ҲΧˣ
뵽Լҹƺ⼸³Ҳûǵʲôˣ½īͫ΢΢üͷѵΪԵʣԷȻĿŵģΧɱǣͦģ
ǲ֪ûʲôϽ½īͫȫ壬ǸζĹһĨЦĳݣϵҹķ
ʱҹڵϹ½īͫԸݵ촰ݶ촰ǲҪݾߣһ֣Ȼһ𱻰Χﲻϸ汳ģʵ͡
ǵʱ˾촰ϲˣôû뵽ڹȻῴ⸱


54  ؿڣ

½īͫôû뵽ڹȻῴ⸱
һ쳣Ůվҹǰһһ·תŮѾѹ⣡ظճĻߣƤȥӨ͸̲סҪȥеİӰ֣ƺ̽ͷ
ҹŮӵͻȻŤȫ˹ͷ޵ĺ촽΢΢ʪ󣬷ĴϢƺҰȪԭʼգͬʱ˫ֽ⿪ҹ½
һʵɫƱкӹļϣɢ˹
ߣͽӣ½īͫа
Ů˵˫ˮ߰㻬룬ߡ֣Ϊʲôû˿ӦŮ˵üͷ΢΢壬ƬʹͷԼһоģԳδʧ֣
ǰһˣŴƵŮƺҲ̲ס봭ϢҪ˻УֻǾһ˲䣬ѩȴͻȻӲ۾㡪ô᣿Ҫʲô
ҹɫ䵭ųŮ˵ֻȴοϣƺǰһ޳Ůˣһľͷѣ˵һҲûУ
ѵ㣬ǸŮӾɲٵˣ˭Ҳ޷壡ϧĻòɶ֮жġ
˵ɣ˭ģҹ
Ůӣƺ΢΢
ڴ˿̣һֻӴ룬ۡһŮӵ࣬˳Ƶҹ컳Уǿ˶ӣƺҹǰڳһơ
½īͫ͵ţһֻವķڵ촰ӱܵһȴһûֱӴ촰µôһľ벻ߣһзԾͼŵأĳϣ
һ̫졣ʱҹհŮӷڵֱӡ½󶼻ûüϵϣͱĳŮ
½īͫŴĳͨһҹ컪˵ڵϣһֻ󣬶صߡ
½īͫϣҹ£ҹոձŮӽ⿪½ûüϵϣһƬؼţĴأĳϡ
ǹŵ㣬˽ŨŹ⻬񣬶ܹǾ
½īͫ˿ѾˣȻǰҲҹ챧üΣôܵ⻬ļǵһΣ˵ĵطмɡ
ҹ˿Ҳо˹죬ԵĸоʪĴؿڣ
ڴ˿̣ڹڽŻʲô½īͫʹģ촽ܵһ
ҹīһ˲һĸоؿڴ֫ٺִ֫ٺͬһطŴĸо
Ǹһͬһμ䲻Ȼһ㣡
ԭֻʶشϵֱܵһ
һֻʸ룬ԣ
ʱ½īͫŴӻлعһЩˣԼȻǹ͵˼ҵģϾ͵ˣ͵˻㣬Ȼ˻治ý
źߡ½īͫɤӣ͵ʲôһֻʸ촰׹룬£
ڼʸϵ˲䣬ҹ챧ס½īͫһ֧Ĺʱ½īͫҲˡ
ֻǴʱ˿̣ҹ½볨ڱһʯŸǽϣֻ֣֪ʲôʱһֻ˼ؿڣһֻ˼Ҽ米ϣ
ҹ˵ֻؿڱһƬǣͷһֻ˵źۣĴԼļϣͷ˳ԼĻ񼡷͸һ˫ڳĽëˮɫֻʹ۾ƺϡ
ɫĻϣؿĽë˶Ȼ̧Ŀһ˲غϣ
һ̶̣һīͫ毺õݣҹֻһз·һʶģָ̧ǰ֣ס衣
ڶ촰µļʸҹ챧½īͫһԵʣʱ˵Ҳ˹ҹϣ½īͫ£˾ܽҲƺһ컵գ
еǰС֣ǽߵĴҹͻȻȥһ
뷨һԣһʰḩȥԸеһĴҪĴϡ


55  𶯣

ɾʱ½īͫϥһ̧ݺݵسҹȥƳɵʺһһ¼Ҫҹ
ҹīһһٵĶ½īͫϥǣֱһܣסʺĹ˲仯½īͫǺʽͬʱһۣ½īͫסڵ϶á
ֻʱϣмʸӴ촰룬ҹżһӵϵȴʸ½īͫȥ̧һӽɼ䣬ͬʱһ½īͫӵ𣬳ԼĻУ
ʸ룬˸İĹâ½īͫһ֪ЩǴ˼Ѫľ綾ǲСıƤҲʱ
Σգ𶯣ҹһֻ§ļ磬ϸסһֻ°ڶʸֽסʸȥ
ʱ½īͫҲԹԵشҹĻǿɲʲô¡
оŮǶ˳ӵԼůɢµһʱ䣬ҹﵴһ˿˿½īֲͫԾؽ˽
ҽϴҹļʸ۾һ˺˵壬м֮һ˲伴ҽеأ
ɱȥ֮һһĺ˿һմƴ룬ʣʮĺҲ׷롣
ź˽뷿䣬½īͫоһǿϢȫǴʦϣ߰˸ĺ˾ȻǴﵽڣ
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½īͫһҹⷬνǷǳһ˶ԷݣոսɱʱԷڲ֮أ۽ΣԷⲻ˴ߵ
Ϊ׵ĿȻɫһ䣺ʲôү֪ү֪챾үǰװɶ¶֪ģ
ֵǣϰɱһһɱ׬һ˺
һӵϣ
½īͫҹĻﶯ˶ҪѳĻս֣ϾôȺΧҹ켴ʵôǿһȭҲѵ֣
οһֻֻ§ʵ޷ӳ
ֻ½īͫһҹƺоƵģͷһֲɵ㶯֣Թһͺã
˵꣬ɫһ䣬ɫĽ޷𣬻һƬѤõĹĻƵ㷱ǿ׹£Ļն˼Ľâɱ֮ج֪ʱһ۵ĽâֱѤõһ㣬·Ҫµӵһ
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ѪջĵذȾͨͨ졭
û뵽ҹô½īͫҲû뵽
ʹһеĿˣѾȫסˣɽѪɫУֻԼߵֵǣôһնɱ
ʱջסܵһҲʣջƹԼĹ̨棬վĿǰһĻ˲
ҹ콫һնɱΪ׵ĺѾǱŵøεѣԼֵǵʵһǸĶ֣ССĻ˵ߣԳԲʲô
ֻǣȴһɵոǵжǿǻˣѵԡ
־ȻƵĸϺ˵ͷһڵߣû¹ʲôǴʱ˿̣ķǳ£оѹȣּɭʱеѹȣ
ǿ˴ʱ˿̣ﻹʲôΪֵܱߵѪĵ֣ҹ죬ͨһ¹˾ͿͷӹӡϹ˹ۣ˴һɡ
ʲô˭ָʹģҹĶźʵ
һһͦеĴ󵶾ҹ쿳ȥʱҹ첻һۣôľӦܹ֣
ֻҹȴģԲ˼ĽǶһͬʱ޳ָһ㣬ֻһ˵Ĵأָһת۾Ϳں˵Ĳϡ
亹˲£ֻҪҹһԼض
˵öԣСԶڣ˶ڷֶ˴ζд̹ӺеλС㣬ǣǡ˴˿̲аֲº˵
ʲôҹɫ䡣
ͷð˶ĺ飬ģ˵̾ͻ˵˼Ҳܶ죬һҧǡ


56  ūˣ

¬ҹ¬ġ
ҹüͷ΢΢һ壬ָϼ˼СС¬ҹָӵ㶾ڷֶΪôƭ𣿡
ʱ۵죺Сѣ¬ΪǴ壬һ㲻Ϊ֪ݣ
Ŷ˵˵ҹ΢ɡ
΢΢˿ӣ¬ү¬Ұ˶ڸ¬ҹҲǶڷֶ֮һ¬ã²Žֵǰ
ǹӣλС㣡һ½īͫһ¼
½īͫʱҹĻʵΪʲôɱˣ
ͷ¬ûϸ˵ֻǽҵɱˣҽҪҵǿȱƴȥ
¬Žʱ򣬿ɶ˵˵ݣҹ
δ˵²֪
ӲƺʲʲôмֵĶҹ˰֡
дϲлӲɱ֮ǣ
ҹƺʲô飬ͻȻȵȣ
һ٣һ֪ӻʲôԸ
ҹ컺߾ˮ㶾ڵĶŶҩ
ǵģ
ҩʲôƹܣ
֪˶Ϊӣϵڸ߼Ϸңһһ㱣ܼΪϸҵȶǽӴġ
Ϊ½һЩŽ߾ˮ
߾ˮȳͷصôе߾ˮ
Ҳ˵ɵжǼ䶯½Ĵ£˵ѾڣǶҲר˵£
˵ʱҡҡͷô߾ˮ֪еĶ߾ˮأ
ҹ첢ûлش𣬶ǵصʵ̫ˣ
Ȼʮ֣ȴûٸȥǶҹ챧˱ȭתʧںҹС
˺һᣬҹһֱվûж˼Ȼ߾ˮֻи֮˲ſɵõǾʲô˴ȡõĶˮ
ᾹȻ߾ˮҪȥ̽һ̽ˡ
ιǿȱƾʲôܣ½īͫҹûж̲סʵ
ҹ챻½īͫѣŴӳ˼̧ͷǰոջԼеŮӣī˺ÿĻȣӦһҾ͸㣡
ʲô½īͫҧҧ߬ȭͷͽضһȭ
½īͫŭģҹЦһµܼ򵥣ҵ¬һˣ
¬ң½īͫһ£¬ţˣǿԼԼûüˣлᣬھĵԵҲһֱûᶯ֡
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ȥ˲֪ˡ߰ɣҸջѾȥ˵ţҹɢҵ·һԾӿջ˳ȥ
½īͫҹ˵߾ߣ˶ţҲ˳ȥ
ջƹһֱӳȥԶŷʯͷ³һȴԶԶĴһͳɳƵջʧ
ȵؿһӴҹռٷȵĹ̨ϣƹ۾ӷҧҧȷŲΣžϲĹڵϳҹ½īͫߵķͷлл͹٣лл͹٣
ֻǺҹﻹüǵӰ

㷺һͯҥϱǿ~ǧĴ~Ĵ~~ļ~ǱȲһڣ
ֻչŮӣ֮Ļ֮ϾƣԽѽ伣ǵҰ
Զǧ½ģڣڣڣҪ˵չģڣΪʥأ
ɽϣڡ
ϺõİĵҫĹâԶŲеĹ̴ľ̶ɵķϷչɣߵ̶ɵĸʯǽ壬һֱ·ľͷһ޴Ĺ㳡ʯ̨׻³޴ļ̨һֱӵƣǹϵķңңԡ
ʱһ뷢԰׵վʯ̨ϡ
߿񳣬üĿǴڣڵú澡ͷ޾Ԩ࿴һһֿҪȥĴһּΪ˵תˮ³γ¹⣬ɽϲıѩƵչ΢磬·ؼ߿ͬʱһϡ
˿̣ԶԶűֱ·ľͷƺｫҪ߳һ
˲֪ãֱ·Ϲˣһһһһݡ
ԶԶˣԴ˵۾һ˿ϲɫ첽ӭȥ
ƣ£ʲôϢǿǼˣôûһ߼еʵϲһ˿ʧ
е¶һۣЩ̡
ū˼ˡƵڵأҲϥԱߡ


57   

ģܺãڴȥǵ·ϣ˵̽һж֮£ԽЩʱǲˡƹ
Щʱ򲻻𣿡ҹԶȻмį
ҹԶģ½ӿڵǰμӻᣬרΪ˾ǹ壬ūר̸˵ӻͳһµľУ˫־
ҹԶȻ˼ֻô˵ǲҵ˵𣿡
һƬģ
ҹԶֽӹľУЦһҪҵĿģվͲ᲻ˡ
ȢһŮ˸ԼӶѣû뵽Ȼ˷УȻ»鵱첻ӣһ˾ôˣǸӻǷѾĻһɫŮӣ
СûʱѲȥеʱҹԶɣǲôԼδŮɫʼնѣĮԸ񣬼ҲκŮһ˿Ȥ
˼ϲɫһǳֽ̧ľд򿪣ֻƬɢâľ棬סһǼõƷ࣡
¼ɫ˵Ծ޸Ǽãɼ뿪ɽʱʱǹ
ҹԶͷһů⣬ԾһᣬסͷļŷĵЦݵǺãǲ֪ͷӣ
ҹԶϵЦݣµҲϲɫ
һϢƵ
ŶʲôϢҹԶ
һͬȥǵĻһŮӡ۾Цеġ
һŮӣҹԶȻ
û׹ƣЦ챿ģ
ǸŮĸȤŮ뿪ɽһֱбҡ½ӹͷ˵
ʲôҹԶ
ҹ굽˼ŮӵĹ뷿ﲻЦݽŵ

󲻼ҹԶʲô̲ס̧ͷȥֻҹԶ˿һŵı飬˰죬ͻȻЦ
ããã
ƶӰ죬ҲһЦ

½īͫĶǷ׷ɱֻһȥҲδʲô
һ·ҹദǻãȻʱʱ裬ȴδҹʲôԻ̽쵤Ĺ־ٶ˻æŸ·ϳԹ֮˼ԻϢҲ
ֻԲȱƵĺվڵڶԹطǰ̲סʵҹӣ˵ֻҪҴӦȥ¬ң͸Ƶܵġ
ҹ촽΢΢һڵīɨһۣѵҵ˵𣿡
ðɣ˵ɡ½īͫҹԼӣֻҹԼЩ˼ǾƿԼķ䣬ȥ
ٴν½īͫķ䣬˱ǶϤ㣬ɨһڸŮӵ²ãƳƳǰһ·˶ҹв⶯˶
أóҿҹ
Ҫʲôƴ𣿡Ϊ˰ȫǿȱ½īͫһֱЯǱӻͳҹ졣
ҹ콫ưһ½ī̲ͫסҲչȥʵҲʮ뿴ƴǸʲôӡ
ƵһֱԵȫϵģֻƻδƴʱ˴΢΢ļֱһڵĺⷢȱȫϺȻγһƣȻǲȱ⣬ȴҲֲˡ
½īͫЩȻƱħ˲һƣְʹȴһ˿仯ҲûУٿƣ⻬мĻһ˿ѷʲôġ
ô£ôúõغϳһˣ½īͫԭʲôܣôϺõһīҲܻӡ
ҹб޵Ľü΢΢壬۾ϸ۲ƴõƣֻϺѾˡš͡ϰ֣Ʒ·ЩֻԿ·
һǳϵƣûв´Ļǧ½ʧĹҹͳɳƵĿԽ½īͫŴޱߵĺڰ
½īͫգգ۾ûףʲô
֪֪ǧ½һ仰۰£ҹԶջء
۰£½īͫ૵ظһ飬۾һ𣬡˵һ۰µı𣿡


57  ô

½īͫ૵ظһ飬۾һ˵һ۰µı𣿡
ҹҡҡͷڵī䣬ǱǱأ
½īͫȻʮĶҹߵǰ̧ͷǵҹգ˼ƮңԶʣ·ǧĴ˵֮С
˵꣬ǧ½һأǴ½ǿµģκֻҪõأͿʶ۷壡
һҹ֮䣬½ˣиֶᣬ½Ϳ̿Ѫɺӣղرͼ䲻
ҹ컺
½īͫҹǵͳ˻Ƶ·ǸѪȷʱ
ͻȻ·뵽ʲôѵѵѵǸرͼе㲻ŵǰīʯڵĲȱơ
ôһССƣȻܹ½Ϊ֮񣿻ǲ˼飡
ǵģرͼܾڹ½Ϊ֮Ĺ۰£˵Ѿϰδǧ½ˣֻδƴȫĹѣҹҲ΢΢Щ
δƴȫôӦм飿½īͫգգ۾
ҹתصߣϰŵĲȱƣ۾ǹźϰ֣ϵĻӦû飬ֱһϰ֡
һ¼֪еһ
Ȼ֪ҹӣ½ī̲ͫסʵһ
ҿԴȥңҹصĹ˹½īͫһۡ
ˣ׼ʲôģ
½īͫϵĲȱƣȥϸ˿û뵽ԼȻ͵ôһ½ī̲ͫסЦ
ֻֿһǿĲȱƣںȱƵĶù˭
ԼǿǴ¬͵ģҹǿ԰ˮҶӵ۴ģ૵ֵǮ˵ĸһ㣬ˣΪǿ
˵ԼĻУ˭ƴƴȥƴһƵģ
ҹһͷѾƣ̲סӣѾͷֻ湻ģīĿһ˿ͣأ
½īͫһۣƣȻԼˣ
ҵأ֪ôģҹͻȻˣС۵ʱȤ붺
ô֪½īͫҹ졣
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ǣѾˣԾҵˡ½īͫˣӲû˿ò˼
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½īͫûֻǾҹ죬˶ѱһΰϵѳȥǿһˮҶӻģҪǮԼ붼ۣ
ˣϢɣֱҹվʩʩȻţ½īͫһ
ְһȱƣ½īͫŵռһȪȻʼ
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ȥ¬֮͵ýŸϻȥ׼׼ɴȵ£·û£Ҳüӿﰵ⡣
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½īͫͷϷһȫĵͶС
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ֻһư˪ĶŰ˪ԽԽһ죬˪ɷĩ
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ֻԼֹ۵뷨κ˶֪ʿͻʦͬȽһʦͻѣ̤Ҳ½ǿߵУ
½īͫĸ֪ˣȻһҹڿռԵʣеˬȺú˯һ񡣳˿ռ䣬һЯİ͹ȥҹ·ٵʱˣ͸ϲɴˡ
½īͫԺҹиɻ󣬴ǰһص͸оԼ½īͫĸӦٴʧܶһָ֪Ժʮֲ̽쵽ʵȻֹˡ
ʵΪʲôô죬ôģҹʵ̲ס½īͫ
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59   ΪŮ

ʵΪʲôô죬ôģҹʵ̲ס½īͫ
йϵ𣿡½īͫݺݵغҹһۣôܸԼռ䣡
ƺԤϵ½īͫԼҹЦӣѾͷôôݺݵģûһŮ˸ô
ͷҹһԱӣȻúܿģֻǣƺͽԼǰԽԽʵһãʲôҿûжʱ㣬ߣ
ҹǿ첽½īͫǷӶȥ
½īͫû뵽ǣսǣû¬ңȻ¬š
ԴԺ¬û飬Ϊڹʣľȥ¥ȥһȦ¥˵Ҫɫĳһˡ
Ӵ¬ӣÿɣ˰ɶһһĻɫүˣһʱĻŭţæк
¬һͣ¶а֮ɫŵЦݣүгź˴үҺֵǣٲӣ
½īͫۼ¬Ŵһ࣬ҡڵؽ¥漴ҹʹ˸ɫ˽ȥ
ſڵ¬ŽȥȻƳһλŮ߹Щ֡
⻨֮£һҲǼپɫŮӣһ֮ȴһ׵ˣȴͷһؼҲǶôʣȴǰһˣŮȻһһµӣ
¥ʲô飿ǼԺֻ˽ġһ֮عóʽЦݣ½īͫѯʵ
½īͫɨһۣûд𱣬ֱ߽š
һɨֻͷһɺֱðľԾ˶ӣ½īͫó·ҲŸ˽ȥ
ʱ¬ŵѱӭż䣬ʮλϺɫļĴ£롣
¬۾ͣڽżŮѲͻȻ۾һֻһŮɫ壬ѩ޳£ذڰڣһӯһգһ˫ˮȳƵ¶ţҲţ˵롣
¬һָŮӣаЦ㣬ź򱾴үʣµģź֣
һŮӽӦŮӵһ͵¬ŵĻһʱݴɫ
ʱѡű߿ˡ
һ˾ȵͣ˵ĿⶼˢˢĿſڴ
ĿֻһṲ̊ż䣡
Ůµϵ٣ˮɫ˫峺ֲʧģȴŵı䣬ƺܿ͸һУСɾµıӣӣҰᱡС죬ھϾϵϣ¶˿˿ģǣһϮ·
ˣɫˣ¥ˣһǲɫģʱ˾ɫˣһֱۣеƿ˻ŮˣЦŰŮӣеŵ˿ˮ
ˣҪǮҸ٣һҪѾ̲ס룬¥¥Ů˶ǿǮ򵽵ģ
ֻĻû˵꣬ȴͣסȴҲ˵۾ͻĿ½īͫһԲĺӡ
ΪףԼһʦڶԷһָͷû±ɵ
½īͫûпˣֱ¬ǰ۾һ˿΢Ц¬ӣ㻹ϵ𣿡
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ѾͷǸʿƾѾͻʿɹ˴ʦʵֹһ㣡
һˣʵǿʲôµģѾͷԼˣɫɲ¥Щӹ֬׷ܱȵġ
գ¬ƿĺŮӣ¶а֮ɫ΢΢ЦСˣܲǵʦû˵㡣
ɫе½īͫһͣǰĿСˣҸʦǷ곡ϷʵҵĶϣӵһҾ㣡ֻҪӦ˱ӣȻٲĺô򡪡
½īͫŭЦ
򱾹ӾΪŮӣش˴вЧͣ¬乵
ܺã½īͫһ˫ڰޱߣԭƽɤõƣ簵ҹޣǾҿֵܣǷ񹻴ֹӲ
¬ɫϷʣоַ̣߻ȵϣ£


60  ɱʿҲɱ

¬ɫϷʣоַ̣߻ȵϣ£
¬ŵʣԾ½īͫΧסȥʿ⣬ȻǴʦ
½īͫһضҹܣҵ£
ҹ˵ͷ˫ֱһ࣬ƺжסſڡ
Ҳǣһ˽ʿ½īͫ˹δְγ彣Ҫ֪εεС˲ǸʿأԼһȭͽӲˣòŰνͷԼɣԹԵķԼһЦϡ
˿½īͫҲӲһȭ
½īͫȴԭ˿δǰ˽ʿһɾȭͷԼϮڼﵽԼϵʱһ̧۵ȭͷһӶҪȭȭ
ǰ˽ʿһЦĴһȭһ˲˺ѷεʹȭͷϮһȭƺʵʵĴʯͷϡ
ǡһĹһ漴ĿɿڴĿ
໡˽ʿҽһһ첲ƺѾˡ
ͷô򣡡½īͫ΢΢Цˡڰ˽ʿĶǵޡ˽ʿΪʤȯգһͷһֱֻۣ۵شֹ
ʱ˽ԾɲĪεεŮӲʿҪȻô˽ʿĶԾȫռϷ磿ǾŽʿ
ŮҲʮͣôǾŽʿԲܣ
תһ˿ɣһϣ⣬Ծĸ½īͫȥ
½īͫһЦɾֹΪȭһȭɻȭˣΪʱһ˵İ߼жȻһһ͵ϮıһһɨȺݺݵһ˵ϣһһк
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¬ӣѵﻤǳĲɣôôã½ī֣ͫ¬Ц
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ֻǣʮľŽʿ½Ҳģ
ӰǾŽʿķϣǿԼֻ̣ҪԹԸ檣ٻԴٲģ¬Ŵʱ½īͫĿ࿴ΪҵλöԸŵˡ
½īͫЦһЦ
Ц¬Ŷʱ֪ߵغСƤЦӣվ㳢ζ˵գһӡ
һֱ¬ߵʦһԾͬķ½īֻͫһ繳ֱȡ½īͫѩһ繥½ị̄ͫһһ£ĬͼƷ½īͫ
ҡ½īͫһмЦιһŤ˲ܿϷĹżһ㣬㷴ӭʦɨƫֱߵϡ
һһ죬һʱŶӹڵֱһһ任ʽƷ絶½īͫȥ
½īͫżһ֮ƣ˷ֻꡱһ⻤Ĵͷ­֮ʣˡһ˵ϡ
ռе⽣֪ʱ½īͫС
һشһûĿϣǾ۾Ĵġ
ɱʿҲɱƺˡŮΪĪǡʵǴʦԲܣһǸո̫ˣһ
¬ŵƤͷûɵðһ˿⣬ʱȻѾ½īͫɵˣлʦ
Ȼ½īͫʵܹﵽʦߴ˶ɵһ˿˿Ĳ
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ô¬ҴӾȻŵҪ𣿣½īͫЦ
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½ʱ¥˴ӵż⣬ֻҹѹֻǴ濴һʣϳ⽣¬еı
һʱ䣬½īͫ۹ձһΪ֪ŮǸﵽ˴ʦţҲսʤӵ½Ĵʦ¬ţ
Ϊ½һصص


61  ±

½һصص
Ȼ¬ҵ½ⲻ¬ҹ¬˵ѾǴʦˣ½ǸεεС˿ҪԵͷˡ
ɲǣ¬ҹţʹﵽ˴ʦҲûмôģСӾֲֵ˱ˣȻᱻ¬ҹˣǿϧôһ׵ʡ
Χ֮۷׷˵ƣ䲻ͬ½īͫģֶΪ½īͫһв¬ţյĽ޷Ǳ¬С檡
¬Űγ½һ˫۾ɫе½īͫȻģСˣ޷ǾЩᣬһϧ֮ˣһϸƤģǴɱɱģɲãҲ۵Ľ
½īۣͫЦˣ᣿¬ӻϧ񣡡
¬ż½īͫƺɫ½һȰ˵ǰĶȥˣС˲طϣӱֻ֤ҪңǣˣֹǣƳǣһӶܹߣٲ۸ˡ
½īͫһǳЦӯӯ¬ȥһ޺¬Ӵ˻棿
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½īͫͻȻ彣һڹⱩǣֱȡ¬žͬʱЦֻӶɽǿ°ȥ³Ƕұӡرиӹذ
¬ͷһȴҲּۿ죬̧һϡһ½ܿ½īͫ彣ͬʱսֱ΢΢飬½ϺȻһСȱڡ
һƬ
ƣ½Ȼһȱڣ
԰ǣ¬ҵ½һ𣿡
СõǱڽʲôͷȻСҲеӣ㿴治Ѱ
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ϻҲԼǸԣ뱾ź㣬ֱǳ˵Σ½īͫ
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Ȼһ˼¬ӵӣ飬ȻɵôŮҲ߯ˡ
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˿¥ڵ϶˿ŮѪ磬ֻûġ
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˻һƬ
˸ǣ¬ڱǱںڷ⽣к徹Ȼˮһ˲ή
Ȼ类ѪȫѪҺ⽣ˣ¬ţֻ˲伴һ߸ʬ
½īͫһ㶣Ҳû뵽⽣ѪȻôǿü΢ɨȻſڵҹһۣߴ˿Ҳ΢΢Ķǵ˵ֹֽ


62  ˶

¬ұڣһʮŭȾ춯أ
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¬ҰŨڵüëšһʺţ½īͫںδ
ŮӴʱֳһĨԹɫүŶôң˶ϲһҪǧУɱȫңɹɸʬ¬ŲģΪ¬ĸ޲ý½ī̻ͫ
ֻŮ˵䣬ȴһЦ˭ôңҵҪŮһʱȻűƿţֻһЦȻİŮЦӯӯվ⣬ڼŮ崿ˡ
¬ҰɫһĵҪˣû뵽ˡ
㵨ӵСԴ¬ұ乵ĵ
Ů½īͫҹվߡ
½īͫīһתü΢¬ұԭͷȦȥ𣿡
¬Ұɫ˲ŮǸʲôôĵӣȻҵ¬ұҰ˰ֻĻû˵ֻ꣬ӰһʵʵİһӣˣŤͷ¬Ұ޺үҲˣ۸ˡ
ž½ī֣ͫ룡
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ҹ촹īסеɫδŤͷһ¬ҰĿֻͣ½īͫϣ˭֪ҵŮˣ붯ˣá
ʱ¬Ұ΢΢Щ죬½īͫҲɫգգ۾ˣռ˾ռ˰ԼʲôʱŮˣ
¬ҰĿ֮ɫ֣Ȼ˶Ըôʲô˵ģһ˰£ڰİʱ֪ðΧס½īͫҹˡ
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ȥǺΣգѵҪȥʵ
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½īͫһһҧڴʱȥҹ쵹ûжԸЩѩǿ½īͫ˵ûʲô⣬Ҫģһƺʱ̶ᶯֵڡ¬Ұ
ֻ½īͫе⽣ãɢںɫ⽣½īͫȻǰӦɭɭɱѾƽ
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ڵʵƿռȥװĺͬʱһöֱѩǣ
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Ƭˮ½īͫǰȵĺɢ¬ҰĹ׵ıס½īͫ


62  ңһڣ

Ƭˮ½īͫǰȵĺɢ¬ҰĹ׵ıס½īͫ
ءѩǵͺһֻ¬Ұöȴѩǵϣһʱʹ
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ٿ꣬Ժɢľ޴ѹܸоĳԷʵǿǳǿǿľ
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67  ڵˣ

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68  ҹ˵ĸ

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70  ׼ϱ

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71   е㲻Ծ

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72  ĳϷ

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