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òƴӹۼͬ³ñ֮͵࣬о˹֮⣬ǹ
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ҶüһҪ˵ûˣãҲæһ찡ڶӺöȥ˹˰ɣ㹤ˣҲϽ°ɡ
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ǼǰǸ˴İ档ΪԻһӾϲζУкϣƷζܹʳ
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ʱҾ͸үүͲһֵˣﶼѾΪϳ㿴ﶼҪǨˡ

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һӶԣܸԼĸĸһ𣬼õͯ꣬Ҳǲİɣѹܾϴŵˡ
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˳·̧ͷϿΪڵʱδʱջصЦһҲ̫СˣȻѡ
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ɼˣΪҪõѣҶ޷½١
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ǹ˾شĿҪ̸Ҳ˴æظϻ
ƴ⼸꣬ȻЩɼٿۣҲҪֵġ
ǼˣΪ˴λسǶŭΡΪģǰֻṳָ̂ĵ绰ͷ˶
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δӳһ׷βǰշٵСγ

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ҶȻһֱѹԼĳЩĵš
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Һã֪֮ҶƽһЦΣǡ
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ҿûзǺɫ˼ĳӰְ˰Կףûӵ
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ܾ˵ؼϢˡĹǳҪþУǸøԼɷˡ

ԸΪ˾

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תȥԽҰɫĳ˸ߴͣ뺷ҰôûĺɫС˼ɰԲͬࡣ
ҪԼ·Ļܽſ
Ҷһ飬ת䣬Կ׻ҡͷ˵ĳҿŻ᲻ϰߣŤһСĳô졣У˵ҵĳǼҵһϰԼĳ
俴ԼĳԿףεЦˣĳӸſҲУˣԽĲһˡ
ͷڿν⣬漴Ҷͻ˵Ҿ͸˾ֱĳ޺Ϊֹ𣿡
Ҷ㵣ܾˣҶһʱ޷ݴʱĵ뷨
̧ۿ䣬ʱתۿ棬һ׵Ĳ棬ڵȴĻش
һҶЩȻ֮ǰĹദǡ
ˣǻع˾һҶֱۣȥ
Ҷ˼ϣͻȻĶһȻһ㶣˫ۿԼ
ι䡣Ҷ
䲻Ӧ𣬽˳ţҶ˸ʻȻתҶһ䡣
һЦеСܹȻ˳
ҶӶʱˣҲڳŸϼʻϵ˺䣬ҵĳӵҲ̫
Ѱȫϵϣ׼ῪСײ˼ô졣ٴκҶŭ˸ʻϵİȫ
㡭Ҷһҭ
ҪҰϵ˵꣬Ҫæϵϰȫ
Ҷº͵Ц˵˵˫ľҪһͻȻãԼŮһȡ֣Ǹܺߡ
ʱйˣһ³ȻֹšڴΪҪ뿪ʱӳת˸䣬Ȼĳţϳϵȫãһǳɡ
ؿԡ
ƿʻŵʱ򣬸Ҫ˫ֱֽɫ谵
뿪ǻλ֮󣬽΢΢˫ںڶ˫۽Ҫ
ҶˣЦȻҪҵ˾ǲӦλϣȫ
һЦǵҶܼҲ̫в˰ɣ룬ܼ౾ͺвţȻסЦݰš
ҶȻڿüôѵǣ㿪ˣǶˡ
ЦЦ÷Ȼֱӣڼ֮˿ӾͻȻðһ仰ǿҪˣҵĳʵôǶġ
һȣӷٵǰʻȥ
ҶץŰѣǰҧгݣ겻òʶʶˡ
֪Ȼ˵ΪǣԵġ
ų﷭ۣ䣬תŽҪ顣
ҶβؽŹ飬ھֻҶĽżĸ
İ䵱˾ȫ
ʱʱƲƲӾҶޱרע̬ü
⼸궼ôôΪ˹ԣ
ջߣִ˳֣΢ȻȻؿųӡ
ͻִҶĽɫõƲǰһۣ˵䣬鷳ֹСһЩǽˡ

ι䡣Ҷۣﰵ϶ǹġӦҶļʻΡ
оλĶ俴ӾҶŭ
ǳ˳ֵҶüҶϰ嵽׸нꣿ
Ҷţһ㶣ͻȻʲôתͷһ˲˲ؿԼ
ҶͷеļͻȻϣﻹ֣ûˡ
ļȻΣû˵
ûʲôǺ档׶ߵнĹ˵ţƲ΢ѿɫ˵ڶˣæµһ㲻ۣ㲻ۣѵҲۣ
Ҷţɫѿ˿ֻͷļ俴ɫ΢գȻ
Ҷﷸֹôÿշʳϰ࣬ϱԱ˲뿪˾ôôܣΪĿǲŶʮˣûҹĹĸǲ۵ģ
Ҷȫϣɫؿǰ̾˿͵˵ǲֻۣʲô˶ѡ
ƳɫĮȻˣоۣ˫ֽỵ̂һʱ䲻֪λӦ
˵ֻΡ
Сʱ֮͵˵·˾Ҷǵ˱Լ³˹˾
Ҷײ˶ͷȻϰˣ俪ԼؼҡѯΪβϰ࣬Ҷ֡ˡסĻ
صСſڣҶܾ롣³֮ҶСһСȥ
յСڣһƮ˱ǶҶĶӦƵģʱ
ҶЦԼĶӣ죬ӿǰĽŲԼƴһ磬ôҲҪԶٺõİοԼ
壬һзҶյſڣͳųЦź
ףСҶ߳һλʮҵͷˣЦ˵
ҶĶͷʱһ漴ǵ˵ӴιСҶͷô£ˣ׵ô
Ҷεͷ뵽ղҩãͣס֡ŽЦ˵ûµĽ壬쿪Сˡ
һҵз￪˺ü꣬ζ൱һִƣľϲĵԷ
ҶҲ⣬֮ǰų˾Ҳ͸һˡ
½׷ʹ࣬ҶƤЦ壬ڶӺö첻֪ɶˣҶӼˣҶಹ¡
Ǻǣ֪ˡźЦҡҡͷת߽˳ﻹͣ߶ڵ˰çײ
ҶͷǸ쵰
˶ãһɳңҶ˵˺üˣζ㹽ŹƬԼϲԵġҶ¸жʶһҸ
ҶӣЦ˵壬лл㣬̫ˡ
ͰЦЦЩ԰ɣСǸѾͷһ𡣡
ɳ֮󣬽سɻ˶࣬һҺæµġӶڳɻٳġ
ҶͣͻؼϢȥˣһ޻

糿

ڶ磬ҶľͱֻˡϢһҹְգȻԴ۾ô
ʱѾߵ룬Ѿ峿͸б䵽
΢ҶԾɾôۣ۾˸ֳ˳ӣԼסģﶼûů͡
׼˯ȥʱֻڴǰҶüͷ۾Ȼ˯Ҫ˯Ǵڱ棬һûҪӵ绰Ĵ㡣
ֻһһε𶯸ͣڵĴ𶯵ʱҶŭذӣǰȥ
ιҶɳơ
ιδԷӦҶ֨һдűѵķꡣ
ԷЦһֻдҶ㲻ỹ˯ɣ
šĳԴڻجС
ǣҶ֪ڼ첻ỹٰɣ绰ͷЦ˵
ûҽϰࡣҶȻ۾üͷ壬ʵˣ
˵㻹жʮӡֻζǿҪʧˣĳȻޱȵص
Ŷ֪ˣͲҪˣһҪһᡣҶ˵ֱ꣬ӹҶ˵绰££Ӽ˯
Цÿ춼ǰ˵𴲣ʮϴװϣȻš·ʮӾ
Ե˾ڻء
㴰գһ˵ķﻹǺġҶڱ˸˼֣ź֪ղ绰ˡ
۾ȻܸоʲôԾûĻղòĵ绰
ѽ⡣ҶһֳֻӣһֻֻӰԼʵˣʵ˫ȥвá
˯Ϳˣô¸ءĳӲѽһƬסլģ⳵پߵҪԶ·ڹٵŹ֡
Ҷڵպ޵شԼԴ˯涼ˡʱԹŭû¡
˱ˣϰĳ̬ͻȻңĶЩʡ
Ҷ޺޵ƿӣһϴ¡
ͨӿ˿ԼĶͷ΢΢֮⣬Ѿײʹˡ𣬿ĳ˵ҩͦõģġ
û飬ôôʽҶ£סԼĶͷ硣
˼װȹɫ׿㣬װ״£´ѥһ࣬ҶмԼϳš
Ҵææ߳Сſڣһ۾Ϳڳǰ䡣
ҶŲһ٣΢΢ü뵽ĳ˧統Լ˾ģʱϲӿ˲ȥ
յĲɢһգ̶̵ؽӴȻܸܵõ⼸ҶǶôڴƴһ뵽⣬;ۡ
˼ȥһҹúߣ뵽ҪҶһ˹ϣܸһϲ
ʮӣҲûп˵Ӱӡ
ɻǾ͸Ҷ˵绰˭֪˼Σ˲ؽӵ绰
һʱ侪ٴαϴףԭΪôڹҶϰȥˣ黹˯˯Ҳˣ˯ֱӹ˵绰
俴ŵ绰㶣˯ӣӦûǶôɰ˵飬ʱעůȫůůġ
ϷĶգģڳ彩ӲǾ³ߵ̫æû̫עҶסƬ
ܣ¥̾ڹ·ԣסլС֮⣬ûҵ¥
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ŵ꣬Ҷ뿪˾úҲύ˴ǳʣȻ˽յĺŹǾҲûϵ
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֮˾齨ĿҶҦмͬ£ĿŶӡ
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пڳǰԳһЦ֪ԼŪˣŪԼ
ǲΣ컹Ǻطꡣ
ϲ򻶣ŭӣĵһֱصĶʱ
֮԰ſʱһϤӰҴҵײ
䲻ɵһ㶣֮ǰԹšŶĹ˾ͳСſˡ
ֻҶԼҲһ㶣漴ֻϲҴҵԼ䲻ɵϲ۾ֱֱ
һҶ˳ǰ䣬Цʵô˺ܾˣ
ˣһΪһӣá俴Ц˫ֽǰؿڳϡ
ôˡҶŵʱԼ˯Щⲻȥͷŵ˵
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Ҷ䣬۾һɨס
һմװȥѣһװ˱ͦˣϿӣʹڶɢŵʡ
ЦݵĿʱҶһϣߺߣ˱Լĸо
Ҷɻʵ첻ϰô
ϣݼ١
ݼ٣Ҷ۾ɴ󣬽ʵĸ˾ϰࣿҲݼ٣
⸣Ҳ̫˰ɣԼڹ˾ϰˣ˹ҷ֮⣬ûݹأƽʱӰͺܲˡ
ôǹ˾ü
ǵǣѣʲô˾ԱôõĸҶʼ磬Ц˵ȻˣǾͿ߰ɣҿҪٵˡ
Ҷ˵꣬Խ䣬򳵺ȥ仹ڳǰһģе䣬ϳȻţȥһᣬѰȫˡ
俴ߣ̾˿򿪼ʻš
һϳͿҶںΣ̬Ũüһ٩ǣҶ㻹ҵ˾ˡ
ҪȻſڵңҪ˾ҶΪ˵ţƳƳ䣬Ȼֵɴ۾˵ϽҵĳӻͲҪ洵ˡ
תͷĽë˲̾˿漴ɢ˵ӹƹͿûˣҰѳ㣬ֲҪʲôܻⲻȥĲǣ飬ٲȻûйⲻȥ̬
ҶЦ˳ôֳⲻȥ˰
ΪҶ˵ţȻˣˣĳӻǽðɡ
˶ӣˣ˵ĳӣҸоġôõĳǿϧˡ
ţһÿĻȣĿҲЦ㲻ã˷ôһ˾Ǹϧ
Ǻ˾Ҷһת΢΢θ
ȻΪĿ϶
ǡҶӻϸЦһ﷭˸ۣҲ֪Լͷϵġ
ȿȣǸ⡣˫ڷϴ˸תӿ·
ͨƳ˻Ҷס˶ͷ磬Ƥ𪣬ͦëգ鶯һʱЩ
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㣬ĶͷЩ𣿡ջɫ˫ս̣عǰСĵʵ
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ޡҶӦһͻȻѹܾñģָоǹ졣
һѣȴȻ˼ɵĳԣ֮䣬Щڵġ
ԣԷ΢ģʴӡ

ķ

̧ƳۺӾеҶɫɻʵô
Ҷתͷ⿴ȥȴ룬ƲƲشûУרĿĳӣһҪлᡣҶ˵꣬ϣ۾𣬲
ǣǡƳۣҪ˵ĻҲ˵Ҷָ·ߣ·˾ڵá
俪ȣʮңڶ㳡ǰͣ㳡̳д¥ҶĹ˾̳д¥ϡ
˵˼仰Ҷ˳Ҵ¥ȥ
۾һֱ׷ҶҴȥıӰղ˵Ǽ仰ǲԾس˳
֮ǰڳϵ飬ЦգһٻӰʧҰںڵ˫˸Ż谵
飬ӦûǽģǾͺһ蹵֮䡣
ÿйʱǻ΢ԼɿԲõ
俿ϣۣסеɫͷϣЩ˼ﲻϲ£ͻȻһС
ĸоѾȡոļ˷ܡǣΣˣ͸ӼᶨԼģԼٴδ
ֻ𣬴˼۾ƳƳֻĻϵʾÿüͷƺоЩʣ࣬ü価Ρ
绰һһһòѾǲͿԽˡ
ؿϣ绰˽ͨɢؽ衭
绰սͨʹĸǼĽСӣ㼸ٸ绰֪˰
ǲǣȻҷǸӣ֪֪ܹ뵽Ķ³ְַ˴
㵹ðˣк򣬵绰Ҳӡָңһ϶ڸĶ³ǿְֵ涼㶪ˡ

ĸϲؽţҲ֨š
飬ѾϰΪˣ֮ȻޱȵĵĸйˣҲͰˡ
òƲЩԾĸֺͣСӣûҵĻԷˡ
ι㵽ûĸӴ
̾˿ĵ˵ˣ裬֮ǰǸǽôҪŲҵ𣿡
ĸţʱˣü绰ͷкΪ˭ˣΪ㣬ĵ¿ηˡ
ĸ£ȻһתͻȻЦ˵ûпĶ³ŮǻѵĴҹ㰡ñƯ˻ġѽԽԽϲ
һͷߡ
˵ԼķСأ˵ſϧû㡣ԭС㻹ϵԺͺðˡ
۾ĸĻԲĻĸὲûûˡ
裬ԼţСʱǼȻңҵҲҪϹˡֵͳ˵ţһҪæûʲôҪͲҪҵ绰ˡ
˵ֱ꣬ӹҶ˵绰ĸ
Щ飬ǳбҪ̯Ŵŷֻң޾ķա
ԳһЦжĽԼԹ壬ȴ֪жٿɬԡ
俿ϣţɫ͸һϢ
ұĸﱻ˵绰֮󣬶ŻһŻûй
ĸеɳϺȲ迴ֽһ緢κ㻹յ￴ֽʲôӣʲôϹˣԸĸ˵ô
ţ̧ͷ˷һۣ۾Ĭͷֽ
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ʲôţҲûп⼸ʲôÿξĨǵӣǳһ顣ŭΣõ˵Ҫ˵Ǵɩûй̺ܽʹ¿һ
˵Ҫעִ硣ţɫԷͺ
ôעִˣҲܳԶӲܲʵģҺʲô𡣡
ζŷߵԭͳƵĶͷøˡò⻹ԭô
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̾һѹĵ׵뷨ĬĬվȥ
ʱķѾ˳˿ɫҲûҽСػ˳
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￴εӣһӵĻں漴֮£ʱԼɫȻãƵɳϲҲû˸ղǹ־
μ˵ǵͶˣЩڡסģǾͻسȥסȽʺϡ
ţڵվŵۣ˭˵ˣסø˵úܡ
˵仰Ҳ˲١ǳҿ϶ͷӣԻᱻϻسȥġ
ô˵˵ġοŷʵͣһЦ
θʢ࣬ŵǰο˵ӶǺＤ֪ԼҪʲôǾͲҪˣֺãǲǣ
μһʱ޻Ц˵㳢࣬ζζĿǰеġǰȥŪģ㿴Լóԣ͸͹ˡ
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˿˵Ϊֵڶˣٹ꣬ܿͻϵöˡʱĻǴӰ
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ţݺݵصΣʲôаӵŮˣôǳҲҪŵԣɡ
۹͵ˣЦСӴСۼ޵úܣǵ۹öˣ㻹Ǳˡ
㣬Σô˵ôվָ˵ţҲҸõĶϱ
뵽ԽһתЦҾ;Ķ³Ůߣ϶Уǻϴ󡣲УھȥԼĳ裬ߣơ
˵꣬еĶֱ¥ȥҪô绰
εҡҡͷϵСĶʡģ̾һԼ͡ôõͣɲô˷ˡ

Ҷܼ

·˾İ칫λڶAʮ¥ʮ¥дģҵ롣ȻںŶԣֻǸС˾ѡ
Ҷʮ¥ϰ࿨֮󣬴¥ʮ¥ǹ˾гռʮ¥ڹԱǰ칫ھһٶˡ
ʮ¥İ칫ָвܼͬࡢ칫ң֮칫ǲòǽ
ÿСһʽİ칫ң칫ʸֻ׮ֲ̬¥쵼칫ңмԱ칫ǰ̨ÿƷ
յİ칫ҷΧЩ죬ԱͷӶʱʱ̽̽ԴЩԱһ̸Ц֣ЩŵĶ
Ҷͨߵ￴ʱͿЩǶ֪䡣Ա̸ʲôͲö֪ˣΪǽĸЧð
ֻԱǿʱԹԼλãʼһĹ
ҶɵüʲôʱÿˣӦòɣ߽칫º˽һĹš
˵Ҫ¹ѲӼʱҶʵܾŵģ
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ҶͷʾҪļŵϡһļҶʱͷۡ
˵ְλԽߣصԽ࣬ǲڶЩĽԱˣϰ࣬Ҳܻϲصġ
ôͻȻãԼأҶֹԼǺ̰Сڵġ
Ҷ̧ͷЦ˵ȥˮ俴ûеģŪһƿţ̡˯ˣ·ϳԸͣĶ
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ûãȴͷĻȻһƿţ̷ŵҶǰ档
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Ҷͣ˽Ųͷˣ˵ǵİ칫ʲôʱгˣ
˵仰Ҷתȥߵǰ̨ʱ˫ƳƳǰ̨ϵһõ廨Ųͣ¥
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ﶼ֪Ҷܼƽʱ򣬴Ҫˡ
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֮󣬲֪ͤ˵ʲôʱɫһҵػصԼĹλ
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Ҷܼһְһڼ䣬˾̸˼ĺĿ˹˾Ӫ棬Ӫģ
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Ҷܼ಻ǵŮ˾쵼ǵʳĸֻϧ⼸Ůܼһֱǵ
ҶקűʵڰͲס˺Ѱһͨû뵽ʱ䣬˶֪ˡ
翴˹µǣͣЪһ飬ּ˴ĺġͤһ仰 չδͬ£ϼӰࡣѴ˼ˡ
ðɣϲɫ˽ܿһ°ɡλ쵼֮˽Ⱥַ졣
˵ˣǸ˧Ҷܼľʶء
ѵǸ߸˧˵רҶҶϰడ
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ǴüǺãÿ춼˧ͻǺǣҵüǰ

˽Ⱥһûһĸͣһɻһԣ䰡
ȻǿձӰ࣬ǴҲû¡ӰӰ࣬⼸ѾϰΪѽ
ǰ̨õ廨һɫõ壬ɫõ壬ɫõ壬һһƽ̨ϵʱ򣬴ٴ
ʱּǰ̨ü¥ð˳ﱧŸһɫϹǳǳЦݡ
ڴǰ̨һͨǽ￴Сõ廨Ϊһҫ۵ķ羰
֪˭Ⱥ˵һ䣬ʱˡֳλϣͷӶüɫ裬ּ˷ܡ
ǰ̨üͩȻûиտʼ˷ܣȻԼ飬ļߡ
æҪʮʮ¥֮˺üˣ۵ùǺȻ棬Ҳըʱڣòƹе÷ë
ĬĬΪԴһĬΪղ¥ʱ򣬿Ҹոɢ
ʱʮ¥ļλ쵼ͳǰ̨λáǰ̨ļһᣬ뱻ˣ漴˫˫ҡҡͷ
ҶЩĽëգգɫ֪ǲŮ٣ͻҲǳе顣
ĵ׻ǻһ̾ڵ˰ݳޣֲܵԡ
Ǽõ廨ס˴ߣλ쵼ߵʱ򣬰칫°Ȼ̸۵뱻ŵˣʱ羪֮һĻԼλá
Ҷüɫ䡣ֻǾվλʱ䣬彩ֱĵײ
ʱ˿̣ﾲû˸ҳҶһɱ֣ƵķΧھʾǣ˽ή١

õܰ

Լ˼֮ҶṴȪ쳹߲ͣΪתµ¼۶òƸ÷һˣȻû꣬ʱԱԹǹ˾ˡ
ţˢ۵СۣޱȲҵҶ꣬һݵıӰԼİ칫ȥ
һĨֱӰʧҰһͳŭѴø顣
ֻɫŭĿֱǣÿֲܸҳ뷭۶ʱƵͷۡ
˾εĺǳӣղ쵼ڻһǿϸڼע
رᵽгҪرεĿεĺͬöҪһϸϸܳ˿©
տͿǲһƤиɢӣѹܼ˳ͷ
ԴӾɹϢһ˾иˣĹ̬ȣ⡣
οϸڻû̶ӿɵúݺݵôһ
Ҷļзϣ۵Ķͷ乤һһȽȻҪļõǰͷ濴
ʱ϶һҶרעعɵ÷˽Ų
һ̲ϣ˵ܼ࣬ͷˣ˺ȿȣҸ˱̲衣
û£ллҶȻʹͷרעشļ
ǰվһᣬҶûʲôԸĳȥˡߵſڣͿǰ̨ͩ˫ֱ˹
Ц⣬ͩʹʹɫߵȻԶÿ˵վԣͩҶİ칫ҡ
ͩȻ˼Цˣʱ˽Ų
칫֮ѻ˲輸ϣȻ˵ܼ࣬˸ʻҸˡ

⼸Ҷߵ⼸֣ҲƢˣ湤ʱȫ붨״̬ûʲô޹ؽҪĴ£ûġ
ͩ˸ž⣬𡣾Ҳ뿴ҶЩʻ֮ķӳҲ֪ǿġ
ûһл͵͵ؿţջɫȥмʻҪء
֮Ҷİ칫ʱŸõ廨ܰ㣬òӴʻҶɵôһ硣
һ飬ϵĹϣҶӱϵ̲˼ڣıֲζĸо
ԽԽŨõ廨˱Ƕɻ̧ͷͿ칫ǰĲ輸ɳϰڷźüõ廨
Ҷ۶Щõ廨̫רעڹһˡ輸ϰڷŷõ壬õ壬õ壬õ壬һһռĵط
ⲻǰ̨õЩõ廨ôʲôʱܵ칫ˣ
Ƭ̣Щõ廨ҶԾؾǸޱޱˡ
õ廨ʥ߹֮õİ顣ʱҲôһ죬յһõ廨רԼõ廨
õô˸ƻˡʱţѾȻҲ׷ƽϣ֮αƻպޣ֪С
ϲΪõ廨Լϲк͵ģ˿˿ϲ˵ӣô
ԽԽŨõ廨ǺüͷšһٽԽЩõ廨Խŭ⺰
ˡŽ˽ϷŵЦ⣬˵ܼ࣬ʲôԸ
ҶñָŲ輸ϵĻʵô£
ͷһۣȻЦ˵ܼ࣬͹ġ
Ҷﰵһ£̬˵˭͵ģҲû涼дпƬܼԿһ¡
ߴŲЩȥȻÿ涼һСƬ
۾Уڲ˭ԼôĻ˴̣ձʵָ˽
Ҷ仯Ƭֹ֮ƽĵײЩʧȻǵ쵼쾲
ոձײ֮󣬿΢һܼ֮⣬ƽʱܼ඼̫ڱ¶Լ
Ƭ̣Ҷջ˼𼸷ļݸ˵ЩȥǰעдͩЩ
һ£漴Ӧһ˳ȥ
ߺҶһ˼Ƭ֮󣬻輸ȥ
֮ǰʱﻹЦһڵݻ˷ѣôӦˡ
ѹִǰһһǴ˼Ѫһ˿ܣ̸۵ĶԼ
뵽ҶһӺոôЩĽŶʱɢ
ִСĻó˿Ƭ򿪿

Ц

ƬúǾ£滹ŵĻ㣬ÿſƬ϶дһ仰£һŮӵ塣
Ҷɺۼüͷ֮󣬶ʱ֪Щ˭ˣӵɵԲŲ˼顣
ſƬϷֱдţ
ϸϵ̫㻹ûء
ҪҪЩٹ
˷㣬Ҫ𣿡
˵ȥ
ٿעʱ䣬Ǵȥֱղţÿʮһġ
ҶͻȻǧţոòš⼸ſƬҶǲԾ
ϲ֮࣬ҶгǣԴתˣôط񶨾ܾԼΪǰ㰡ȻԼͻһӻֻ֮࣬Ϊ˸ͣ
ҶƳƳƬϵݣѵϰ֮һֱû뿪ڻ棿
Ҷڰ칫ǰſƬһһµԼƣüͷôյڣԽˡ
Ƭ֮ҶпƬȥ߳칫ſڣӭͿͩϱŸһõʱͣס˽Ų
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Ҷŵݹõ廨ûֽӹֻǺɫ۾˳ֹţ䵽Ҫʲô
ͩҶ΢ɫǲɵúЦڹ˾ܼ໹ͷһյʻأӣòܼ಻Ǻϲܼࣿ
Ҷع񣬿ͩЦ⣬üͷʻͻȻ뵽˹ƶſԼš
ƫȻͿ칫ЩԱɫؿҶʱŭ䣬ӺԼˡ
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ͩ㶣Ҷһõ廨߹ͨȻס򿪴ţֱȥͣʮ¥Ҷɫõ˽ȥ˵ߡ
ĿƬֻдһ仰Ҫһõ廨
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һҶ¥£߳ſڣ˸顣ղüûдף˿˿⻷ơ
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ҶҪĽŲһ٣˱ͳÿüЦ̬ŵվ绪Ʈݣγһ羰ߡ
ѵ֪Լվһô㳡·ŮǶƵƵͷҶ˷ۣȻһ
Ҷ̧˹ȥ˵ֲЦˣԽԽպޡ
Ҷߵǰϵõ廨صӵĻҧгݵؽе䡣
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Ҷ΢һ£֪Ϊί̬˵ĻƬ̡
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Ȼ㶼ˣҪҪһȥЩ㣿俴΢ɫһĨЦ⡣
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Ҷζ΢ͷڸסɫﰵԼ˲ÿζᱻһԻģôʧš
ҲֻƬ̣ҶҡҡͷĻܶ̾˿ε˵֪֪ɰҺˡҶò¥ϻ¥£Լܴˡ
ޣô˵أ䲻ü
ҶôҲβסЦ⣬ĥô˵Լ˵ôˡԽ˵ɲǱʾԼԽ

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ҶͻȻйپȥҲܵȻ˼Ƭ֮˵ˣһкö๤ҪæȥˣϽȥɡ
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ת֮ôһ̣ҶͻȻãô˼Ҳ͸ԼôˣԼˣǲ̫ⲻȥˣ
Լٻͷȥ˵ǲǻܱŤΣܶҶĽкţŲǵͣӿٶȼߡ
Ҷ俴ǰԽԽӰɵüӴ
һ£˻ûлͷһϸֳһ˿ҡۿ˾Ҫ߽ſڣ׷ȥ
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ֻ߲ͣҶټߵĻҾһõ廨¥ȥ
ҶĽŲһ٣һ˼֮һĨΡˣ˻òǰɡ
нŲҶ̧ſڣ°գ֪ǹģոջôھš
תԼǰ漸վһ˲˳ضԼϻŵЦݣֻǵЦƺдһ˿˿аȡ
Ҷʱɫõؿ䣬򴽲ֱֿ̧Цʱ仹ҪҪһȥ㣬ҵôãںöˡ
ȥҲҶ³˼֡ȴǰҧá
ƺ֪˻شֻЦЦֽʵһͣ
кöҪҪȥ飬ƻ˼ûա
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æҶ˵ͷҪжϡ
ۣ˵ƺ˼ʲôƬ֮ƺЦһ£˵أĩʱɡҹ㣬һȥ衣ţ
ҶŵһûףͻȻû˾ܾɡߴƿ¾Ϳбŵõ廨ٴαĨޣεۣĵײɵò˲
Ҷ۾գѽգĨл̧ͷû˵ȻĩôɹϢʱ䣬㲻Ϣ
䣬ҶԸоԷɫһָо˾
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á
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˴˫֣˸֪ԽԽˣԽԽĥദˡҶߵǰ෽˵Ľ
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ССִ߽ģȻ֪öʳĵط۹ҪߣĶȻǺõġ
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֪˶ãʮ¥ͣҶ˼ָ嵭ɫ߽˹
ӪһôѾؼԼ飬ﰲѾû֮ǰǺ־



ҶֱԼİ칫ңߵſڣ˳Ҷ˵ܼ࣬ӪĿ¼Ѿ͹ˣҷǰĿʾ
áҶӦ˽ȥһļʱðɣոջôһ˼ڶֽˡ
ҶеĴӷڲ輸ϣ̾˿Աɻɡ˴ӣ˱·Сִ˷УӭϮ巹Ķ֮˫Ŀ
ǼһȥŪ⼸ģҶ˸Źâʱԭ˽Ϊˡ
ֻ˼СֱװһСƬۣ࣬ˮгԳõպϣлƤζģзѽζġɫζȫ˴ΣҶʱøпտգꤡ
ҶΪϲ㣬ôһСƬ࣬Ƭˬڣľ飬ӦǺ㡣ֻкŻ
Ҷʱɻ⸽һʲôóԵģԼָơûôóԵƬڿ
ˮҲûеģмˣȥĵطҲ١ĿǰֻˮһϵˮΪϷѵúóԵˮӵꡣ
һˮһҧ£ʣԾǼϵζгۣóڣǽϣȻʳˡ
Ҷǳĵٴαˮָʳֶģ㳡жʮ幫ҡΪ˸Լִ߽ͣģñ·װţڶðɼϸġ
˱ݼٵģȴһʱ䣬Լϰ࣬ȻԶĵطԼ㡣㶼ԼϲֲԵõġ
Ҷһůţûһ˶ԴԼôʱ˿̣һůҪ˳
ڣõ廨㣬֮ǰط˸ɫõ廨Ҷɫ
¥µʱԼλر붼Ϊ顣ͻȻ֮ΪʲôԼôãҶ񶼻ǵԭ˾һͬİ·
ѵöǰԼ̫ˣˣײԼֲΣ
Ҷţüͷһ˿΢ʹ˼ҶҡҡͷҡɢĵĲɡ
ֻ֣Ҫ漰飬Լͻ޹ʵţǼҶǰ㣬ЦЦ˵úãζǰ㻹˼ģġ
һءʲôֻҪסԼģӰ죬ƽУԼھʲô
Ҷ࣬ųԳۣڣ÷ڣмۣζƤζѽ֭ζˬ
˵öԣֻʳܴһҡעæµ͵ǰԼɡ
Լٶȳ㣬Ҷʰò輸Լ칫ǰһͳԵú㣬Ҷ˿ֱѾʮһˡ
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Ҷ̧ͷһʱôЩ㱣ֿ̧˿ѾһˡʱҲģǣҶɨһ棬︹̣ôôء
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Ҷ˵绰Ҳġ绰ĻˣҪȥһ顣
Ҷ̾һ£صڹǰɨһۣһϡȻٵߵɳϵļȶʰãɾ䣬Ьš

Ȫɽׯ

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ҶӣûëġЩ£ҶЩˣξΰɣֲǹġ
Ҳ죬Ҷ鿴ֻͨ绰ͨ䣬ͨ˯ʱġ
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ѹأղŵ绰ô˵ԼţҶۣ׼ʱ䡣
룬ҲһžͿȥ裬һԤ˺õطˡҶ߽˵ݡ
˵֮Ҷ˵绰ô϶ġ
绰ͨʱѾ˾Ӱˡ֪мݽļҪѾȥˡ
һͨ绰꣬ҶҲСſڡĳѾͣſڣҶһֱۣ˹ȥ򿪺ţȥ
俴һں棬ôƬ̺漴ûϹһĨЦ⣬ͦģͦ硣
Ҷ﷭˸ۣǼȥӰĺðɡҲ΢΢Цú磬˵ģϽ߰ɡԱˣһҪع˾Ӱࡣ
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ѵõس˳飬ԼʱЦߣҶҼڷܹҪԱˡ
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ҶЦЦ۾ipad̾Ҳôãһû¸ɡǹ־÷Ȥúܣ⻰û˵
ǰãϢʱԼȥֳԶһˣ᲻Ȥ
˹֮⣬кܶȤɷģͿϲϲˡζؿҶһۣת
ǰɣûȤҶƤ̧ٶ˵ͷдﾲ˶˵ʱʱ̧ۿҶɫ
ʱһɽׯǰͣҶԼ˳
ٵӣϾͺáҶ̧ͷ䣬³æ˵
ЦЦƳҶƵ˵Ҫ㰡ʱޣû㰡
Ҷһ˵ͷԣѸٰʼβдꡣ
֮ҶʰԼĶ³λ֮󣬶ʱϲ⡣
׻˵ŵߣȻҶЦ𿪣ɽׯȥ
Ҷλãɽ԰ıȪɽׯ¥
ɽ԰һɭֹ԰ʻļ紺ɽϽгԶз⣬ң󺣡
˺ߣɽ԰οϲεĵط֮һʵر˵ĵطɽɽȻԵıӿȪӿȪ˹γɱȪˮ峺䣡
ȪɽׯڱȪ⣬һв¥ɽׯ֮ñȪˮĥƶ㣬ϲ
ÿգ˵԰ɢֵ֮⣬кܶصصġ
죬ǡĩﲻҶһܿȺһӰﰵҲǰ˵
˴ε㣬ҶʱϲѡԶԶģͿվɽׯǰرϡ
Ҷ˹ȥƺûпҶֱۣЩԹ˵
ι䣬ȪɽׯҲ˵
Ҫ֪㣬ڳϹæʲôͷɹˡҲкöóԵġ
̧ͷ˫ɨҶոĹ֣΢漴Ҷﶼ˸ɣһ
Ļ˿ûԹ飬ȻʲôоѣôôҪ顣
ιưҶĿ䣬ЦĪ
俴Ц˵ⲻǸϲôҵôҲ˼˵תߡ
֪Ҷں渽͵Ҳ̫࣬Ųظ
ãҲЦݣ˶ûôԼɫǹˡ
߽һ¥ѾΪˡҶüʵ㶩λ𣿡
ɻǵ֮ǰԼ裬ǶλáĲλҪǰһԤпܶõɼׯ˺
ȻŶ͵ȥŶӰɡ俪Ц˵Ȼֿ룬¥¥ȥ
ҶƲƲ죬Ϊ⡣һ¥רǶ㣬л׼˺öΣרΪʱͲ͵ĿṩѾ˺üˣȻ¡
㣬ʱ䵽ˡ¥ϣͷҶ￴űˣɴߴٵ
ŶҶȥλþͺáй涨ģ㶨òʱҲֻһСʱһСʱ֮͵øˡ
һҶҵ˵طԱ㵥
俴ڿùƣЦⲻϣͻȻƵ˵ҶǸԻһóԵģʲôܵȥˡ
Ҷֶһ£ͷҲ̧Ϊֲ߳ǽ֪
ʵԼǸ˫ˣϣȴǸĵˡƹ˾ͬԱ֪ܼ࣬ʵʾǸûڲٵĳԻء
ᣬм˲ءйӣԼ
ǰȷǽֻ֪ǸողѣԴ˵վͲҪˡ
ţ˭ܶҶ۷ؿŲ㣬͵
ţζؽӹ˻ԣͲҪ̫ˡ
Ҷһٵɨ赥Ȼ·ҳεԼԵĵģ̧ͷѯ䣬ϲζĶԭζģ
ԭζ
ţҲǡҶŷԱЦ˵ǾҪԭζĶȻѵƸ䣬ˡ
ӹƣ۾ɨԱеĵӣ΢һ£ŵͽ˷Ա
ҶϾؿܣ¥Ҳˣ¥ҲİɣȻ
Ҳѹ֣輯ʡݸɫĲ㣬뵽úóһٿǲ׵İ

ζ

Ҷ䣬ɻʵʲôʱ򶩵Ĳλģ
Դӵ֮һֱҶɢĴüЦƽĿһᡣ
ôϣܹһֱȥÿ˺гϲع͡˹ﶼЦݣ˵ġ
Ҳ̫˼ˡҶ߳һò˿ʲô˼Ҫ˿ԼҲôġ
ܺ˼ЦЦҶ٩˵ˣ׼Կˡ
ҶתÿԱѲͳ˹
ⲻ֪תͷһɲǣüĿȻ䡣ڷԱʱ˲ʧΡ
ɫз󣬳ۣݽצ֭צϺȻʣŽ֣Ƥ߸⣬֭Ǯǣ䳲ǣ٣ըͧ࣬ж
俴һӵ㣬ǳ˳飬̧ۼҶϲسţüʵҶȷЩӣ
ʵ˿ζĹ죬гըƽǲ̫ϲᣬըĶǽܲˡ
ô᣿ҶǹüʵƽﲻЩղҲֻǵƷۡ
˿ϵĶѹ˵ɱѸղ˵Ļ̫˼ϰ岻ˣ˼Ҹɫ㶼У˳Գӣ˵á
׻˵ҳԣ˵òҳԶҶ䣬Ц˳ˣ˧
ЩЩ㲻ԵģҶƲƲ죬ԻӰ죬ָʵô͵ģ̫ܲϲãǾ̫ⲻȥˡ
ҲȴָָǼģΪ˽󣬷ǳбҪ֪Լϲá
㶼ϲЩҶ۾˵ͷǳ˳ðɣǸպûˣǰЩתǰɡ
Ҷ¸̾ѵû˸ˣƽʱǼһȥǸһԵġ
ǺǣǿɲǻôЦ˵̬ŵس
ҶŶĻʱһҭǺˡò˵˶ƳƳԷؿԼҶһʱЩͷµؼ
һĨ΢Ц˲˵šַܱǷ˴֮γһƬг׵Ŀռ䡣
Թһ룬ҶǾŹĿһֱϡҶãüͷ̧ͷҪŵòͣʱһ
ôˣоҶԼ̧˫ۣЩŭɻʵ
ûʲôҶҡҡͷɻ󣬸ղŲڿԼôܣԶһĿš
λãһƯŮԼ˹ȥŮƫͷԱߵһλ긾Ů˵Ц
ҶգգۣòʶλŮɣΪŮʱʱضơĿ⣬оôơ
ҶɻԼ濴ȥѽǽߵûˡ
ôˣ俴ҶòЩԾĵʵǳԵʲôζˣ
ҶһЦҡҡͷЦԵͦãЩζˡҶƳƳֻʱ긾ŮҲתͷüĿɻشԼ
ҶۣŵˣһλŮһλ긾ŮһӣȻҲֻһʾԼĲʶ
ţ˳ҶĿԼȥԶǼˣ΢һ£ҲֻƬ̾תӣµغŶ
Ҷؿת֮Ů긾ŮֵľϲƯŮǷŹһһӷ
ֲõ˼ٴӿҶջߣɫŵغŶ˵ʶǡ
ǿ϶ʣΪǰˣڿ̬֮ȻȻºͿʣȴôһ˲͸һ˿Ҷ̸̫򽻵мֲԹɫ͡
ţᡣ΢ҡűӣ¿˵
ҶЦͻȻ¿ӣпϣûʲô˵ɲС
һ٣΢΢ۿҶɫȻ֮俴
ҶЦüǺȤ֪֮ĹϵŮǲá
ҶţЯˡŮԼ£޳񻣬΢ӯһͷںֱٰ𪾫Цݣ˫Ǹ˵ֱۣŮ̬
긾ŮӲߣֻŮļһ˴磻ϰ΢֣Ը̬Цһ˿·úܺã͹ʮ¡
̸Цϲ̬ĸŮȴûκ֮Ƕ󣬼Ҷǣֹͣ˽̸˲ԼͬشҶ
ɫһޣҶۺЦؿֻ긾ŮתߣϡͻȻֻ֣һļϡ
ҶһŴۿ긾Ů䡣ֻһӺˣžǸСӣһΪ˭أİҵĶҪˡ
Ҷ˼һ֮ǰΪ俪Цģ˼ҵĶֻ˭
б°СӡҪպʶϰ壬ǻϲء긾ŮԽԽŭһӵĻҪ⡭
ˣ裬㻹Ҳ±ЦɫףȻشĸ
ôǶ̫ʧˡ˸ΪҪ϶ˡ
ѵõĺȫƻˣ俴Ҷɫؿǣһ谵
ðĸ뷢оֱ۱һתͷԼоѡ
ͻȻôĸˣĶ³ǧǰôҲʧ̬аգСӡ
ЦЦһǰ̬Ͱ׵˵ģЦˡҼСҲ˳ġ
֮ǰ㲻˵ҼǷСô겻ˣ໥кĸﻰһתõǰ
ÿ䣬겻ǰɬڻ԰пСкѾӢƷò߳ж
ֱֻȾ˿˿ΣһĨ΢ЦҪкͻȻһͻأ˽ҪڵĻϣӶʱһɫΡ
ѽﻹλС㣬䣬λѣԱߵһᣬҲûм˵ΪŮӼƤЩΪ鲻ÿڣͲ˻Ұʵ
֮ǰǱ߾ͿһŮڳ㣬ոչ·ˡһһʱˡ



ҶһԾؿţޱ𾪵ģһʱ仹ûû뵽ͻȻһᣬˡ
ĸĻҶ̧ͷĸĿײšҶ̾ţ裬ǣ̫˳Ծˡ
۾ɨһĸϵŮӣְֺף˫Ư۾һ˿ãȻǻ֮ա
ҶɻҲеôòƱǺۺġӦǺܺõģľֹ֪ˡ
磬ޣԭǸѽղӺŵﵹŲ裬ľֹǺʿ֡
ĸҲ̫ˣҶֲɫشĸףĸĲһҲòû̬֮Ҳྶͥ
ѽ̫ˣһӡҶ¸̾תĿ⿴䣬ÿԼĸ˵֮󣬿ݵüĿ䶼Ƕһ˪˲庮
ҶƲƲ죬˼һתüǰԼĹ£òļͥϵǸӣŻԭҶ±ĵȻϧ
֮ǰǾ仰֮󣬾һֱŴֱֱضҶɫ仯
ӿЩ˼Ⱦ庮˫ů⣬Ҷ΢΢һЦ
Ҷз̧ۣۿĸ΢΢Цá
￴ҶòƯǸԼһ裬ЦǺͰ׵ػӦ
ոտԼĶӶŮ΢ЦǱԼ⼸δġ֮ǰŮһԷɫҲ嵭ģڼԼĶˣиǺ档
ֶҶЦЦֿʵλǼôģٿǼŮһءͨϲƺŮΪ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣֪Ϊǰ䣬䡣ͻȻ⻰Щ׳ЩЦ˭˺衣
ĸ䣬ǰ˶ɫԴĸ֮ˣгº͵ضҲʲô
ĸϴЦĿеصԼش𡣸ոǻ˼ȻԼʲôϵš
Ҷһ̾ĸĹȻ¡ĿɨŮϣֻŮҲһضԼƣƽȴĿп⣬ԴŲƵĵ⡣
ҶЦգܲϲֱ˶ſƵĸо˳ǣƽ˵ţ֮ǰͬ¡겻ˣպͳȺȲˡ
ޣԭĸţϲҲʧȻЦЦҲ׷ʣҲͬˣ⼸˸պһ𣬴һɣ顣
ĸתͷãֽЦģģ⼸ڹ⣬ƶζˣһҪúó
õģĸѾָ̬漴ֿ䣬üĿЦ˵䣬þòˣ㲻ͬѧ˰ɣ
һֱǵĶԻûʲôڰеıӡ
˽ǿһҶǾ鵭ȻѾû֮ǰǻ飬űӵָ
̧ͷһۣòԵشãþòȻеıӣɫ
̧ۿԼһϲϹЦݣҪ̸ֿתͷޱ飬ûҪԼ̸˼Цһ
Ҳֻһᣬֳ˳ЦݣҶЦãҽãСѧͬѧ֪ôƺ
ãҽҶҶ΢΢ףش
ޣԭҶС㡣ĸʱز廰֣ҶЦȻڶʶˣһȥЩ㣬˵˵ɡ
Ǳոƣ綼ˡĸһۣתͷ˵
ҶʱҲĸ˹Ȼ۾
ոֻһ棬ûпòӭ˹Ҷδꡣ
绹ǱȽģŨüͦ˵͡˲µߣϴе䣬ǻֳʡ
Ҷԭ򲢲ڴˣֵ˿ĸӰӡӦŴǵİְˣҶǺ档ѹĸԸرģ˼
˹ɫֿ̧ҶһֱźƣͷһɫǱ
ֻͻȻվȻǵͳ˵ȻѾ裬ͻȥðɡҶʵ㻹Ҫô
ҶųͻȻ䱻䵲סߣüͷ塣عʻ棬Ѿһ룬ϲûгꡣ
Ҫ˵ֿĸЩ㶣ԵؿҶüͷøͻȻҲûˣҡҡͷ
Ǿ߰ɡ˵ţҪȥ
ôܾҪˡ߹ҪߣͿ˵ŽŲһ٣Ƴһ̧ۣҪߡ
˵߾ߣ֮ǰѹµĻðֿ΢ѿɫֲҷ
ӹһһɵŭţؼһúʰСӣ̫ˡ
ΪȻҶֿӡۺЦָдԣ˵ǺøȥﶼƯŮš
ҶðĻҪľȻһɫõؿ
͵תֻͱϸǶһ˪˫Ϭ絶㶢Ǳ˵ʦ˵Ҳͷ
ʦǿʵ˵Ǻŵ˵֮ǰ·ϣСþһֱڴŶܵϲá
һúŵҲ˵⻰ʲô׵ЦЦּ˵ⲻղţǲôһᣬûǸӰСþϳˣҲ˺ðء
䣬õߵͨ졣΢΢̧ƤС䣬һɲǱĿ⣬ɫֶʱһס
ֵ֪һ˾档ʱβѣ޴֮£ĸֱۡ
ﱾͱһֵֿһһ棬;ҪͣʱøζۣСֵܾͻԷ˳ۣ񳤴˿֮͸ס
ʵڱﲻסҪǡЩ޴뵽Ӹո˵ĻƤЦ˵ģȥӾǻˡ
漴ݺݵһۣʲô˵֪ŮƤôĸ䣬õֺǺ޲Ҹضȥ



ҲֻЦЦ˵ǼҶ˧ˣŮϲ
صؼƳҶŮ֮ɫ̫仯һֱ￴ǣɻ΢΢˫ۣ֪˼ʲô
ضŭǸĿ⿴ҶҶŴ꣬ɫš
ֻĿںݺݵһٻ֪һЩҶƢԵġ̬֪ˣǲ⡣
ˣģǹȥЩ㣬ı˾ͲóˡҲ֪ЩΣȥĶԼӶûȤԼ͵òʧˡ
ǣЦҪߣݺݵһۡ
ͻȻЦһı̬֮٩ЦѵøŮԼ裬ǧ𹼸һƬ⡣
ֵ֪⼸ǵѾ˼ظԼɫŮӡŵظǰ׼棬Ҳ
üͷͻȻҲԼԼᣬɲɣŵʱ衣
ԼӲرŮзƲѡ;в֪ŮԭǸ䰲ŵ׶ŭ޷й
֪ԼңڵظѺ裬ȴ鷳ƸСǾͻ˳ۣȻڡ
аȹƻֽ˵Ҳִ֪󾯹ҪǿڸŮԼףô롣
סڡͺһŭĿֱ䡣
˲תͷŷѿҰ׵˵裬ܻ֪ɣǼҴʦѾкüŮˡ˵֮󣬾ͻȥϱˡ
䡣һѳֱۣҧгݣֹ½
ôղŲǺܵ⡣֪Ҳûϵ˵ϲشٳǵĻ¡Цֽ˵ʱ㻹Ҫлء
ҵ鲻ǲġ˦֣ˣֱȥ
ιＱææסɿõ֣Ҳȥոջ鱻ƣǰ޴棬ɫѿͻȻ˵ʱ˵òˡ
ѹ֮ǰϴŮᣬԭŮˣÿɹġһʱͰøˣԴӵŮѸǺ棬кöҪء
裬һ£ˡߵ¥ڣͣס˽Ųķ˵
ǿ˼ɫʱõ˵裬ʲôˣϿȥɣ˼С㡣ۣѣͷҲص¥
ҪĻں˵öԣĸˣһ仰
ȥˡ
ҶðһֱԹǡֱֵһԣš
ǼŻᵼһˣĶԻЩȻҶã˫ֽգǽţɫǳѿ˫Ư۾ŭ⡣
Ҷֵ꣬Ҳ̫ˡ˼ҵ棬ذ˼ҵǹʹü޵Ҫ
˵ĻҶۣ֮ǰԼĿ˵⣬ǰԼİɡ
Ҷʱؿ䣬ߣȻһһ˵ҲûкܶŮӶϲɡ
ҶĿ⣬ȻԸ飬Ƿˡļͥǻ
ΣͻȻ룬˫һ谵䶨վòͻȻ䲻֪
ҶĸٴȥҲûʲô˼ˣ޷һ֮ˡվߵԱߣ˵ô
߰ɡǵش
Ҷʾ֮󣬵ǰ档;ĸòؽһ¥ȥ
䡣ÿҲˣæ
Ųһ٣΢΢ƫͷ˵С㻹Ǹúúɡ˵תߡ
ԼС㣬䵭һýԼǱϲ꣬û뵽ٴμ棬ĮԼ
Ǳͱ£䵱׶ֺգôܹԼöʱҧгݣз޺ƽ
ġ˹ѿɫСغӸˡ
ûعʱ˫ֳһ˿ԼԼҲ㾳ذɡ
˵ĸףԼƲ˳ǣẰһĸ
ҲЩĨǿЦݣõǸ˵ģǶԲˡСӴСͺϲֻҪһͳͣȥ
ЦЦ˵ûµģĸ
ЦЦոǳСӣ˵߾ߣؼְֺúʰ
߰ɣԼȥ㣬Ǻúġ˵ţλȥ
áҲûܾȥˡ
Ҷ¥֮󣬾;ֱͣλȥ棬뿪ڽסȴ֪˵Щʲô
ɽׯģȴԼű֮ĵ׻谵ůôҲҫ
Ҷڳǰվؿ˹֪ĸȾǱģͻȻһ
ո¥ϣԴ֮ӣɫ䣬Ҷץס־־ǰҶе䡣
һֱԼĻ谵ҶŲ͵ضסҶţҪ˵ȴֻǾؿ
ͻȻͻȻ£ѯԼղŵ顣㽫гһգǻһҲЩ߰顣
οڣȥˣȷǷ֮ǰԼ⼸Ŀرʱ䵭ѾҲѡ
ѼᶨԼģȴԼܲ˽˫֣δӦҶ˫۽ȴڡ
˷ΧѹЩҶһµ䣬һع˾𣿡
Ҷ䣬ɫһɣ볶ЦݣǰôҲЦƬ֮˵ãϳɡ漴˳ҶȻ˺
ھ˭Ҳ˵Сʱ֮Ҷ͵˶㳡
Ҷл߽¥йһȻ˳ϡ

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·˾ʮ¥Ѿкöͬ˰칫ҶȻֲˣ쵼ԱӰ࣬ҳ㷹
Ҷص칫֮Ҳ˽һļ˵ܼ࣬Ѿ޸ĺõļĿ
ţɡҶѵ˴£λϡɨһԼİ칫ҶԼ·ص˸߿ıʱ⣬ʱ϶˿⣬ڶѵļѡ
ҶͷѾˣЦЦ鷳ҳ屭
Ӧһ˳ȥ
뿪Ҷʱйɢؿϣۣﻹ緢顣
ЩӰһǰҶʱ÷ƲѡȻǺʣܶûʸ֪ġ
ԣôһᣬȻʣǿҶʹָоֲüĸо
ҶüͷţɫѿſȽʱ򣬾ͿҶ
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˽Ҷۣһǣʱѹո˼ЦЦû£Щͷۣûˡ
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Ҷ΢΢һЦ֪ԼһֱǺܹԼġ˽ĿȣֳһЦллĿȣϵ鴦֮󣬾ȻȥɡøһӰˡ
õģܼࡣЦӦ˳ȥ
ҶԼЦһùļҪЩ꣬Žʵ֮Ҷܿͽ˹״̬
ʱ䣬ҶҲûͣЪšͳԵͦҶҲûöʾļּ𱨱
걨һҳѾ˰㡣Ҷ̧ͷͣ첲Ѿ۽Ӳվչ˫֣ŤŤ첲
Ҷȥİ칫Ѿ˵ƣ֪ʲôʱȥˡϡżյƣͬԾڼӰࡣ
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Ϣʮ֮Ҷʰöϴ£Ϩ뿪˰칫ҡ
⣬ƹѾ˰졣ĩ㳡£֡Ҷӣֶ̳ȳٻؼҰɡ
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ҶۣһʵЩС£ûбҪô档
۾ëգգ뵽ʲôЦջءһᣬ³һ仰ʵֲǸġ
ҶţüͷԵؿֻɫضƬ֮˫ƺ˸һ£ž˵ΪҼˣеֵòɢĺܱǸ
ҶٸоȣڸԼǸ뵽飬Ҷͷһϲɫȥ
ҶޱţЩȷ˳ǣΪ˱ʾҵǸ⣬һٺõģֲֲô
ǡҶʱúЦҲЦ˳ǻᡭ
ЦʲôΣ俴ͻȻЦ˳оȥҲŷ
ҶջЦݣüţʵҲøҵǸ˭ûЩ顣Ȼͣһ£ûǲҪ˵ĺá
ЦҲ΢΢ͻȻһתղŲǴȥ
٩ֶȥԣ
ǺԶºͣϴžɫţڳһᣬҽ㡣
ЩᣬֺЦ˵ԱˣͿԻؼ˯þˡ
Ҷһǰ͸ˣкóԺúȵģȥɵӡǾ߰ɡҶ˹ȥ
ƺЦһ£󡣿ϸ߳ǻľɢֱŲ죬ⲻȼ𼸷ů⡣ңԼ̤һ
俪˳ţ̤ҽţҶ굽Ǵ˸ʻĳȥһӿ˼ǱѾرյĳţþûȥ
һֱҶ⿴˿ֻͷǰӣüôߣ
ߡЦЦ˳
ͻȻЦ޵ҶƲƲ죬ϵϰȫ۾лᣬᵽ˽ҡ
á俴һۣ
ûϢֺķһ磬ҶˡƬ̣˯ˡ
ĳӿúƽȣʮ֮󣬳ͣߵĵƹ⣬俴˯ȥϨ˳֮󣬾һֱؿ
ַǷʱʱг˵ҶЩüͷһٽ֮۾ǰƻͨĽֵҶһ㱡
ˡ
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šӦһ
˯˺ܾˣҶ΢΢üղ˯ŵʱ򣬲ûиоҡεĸоԼ˯úܳҲ֪˯˶á
ֻЦЦ˵ôһˣ˾³ԷɣҸѾλá
áҶһЩӲֽţ˳ɨһ۽ֵ䣬ɵü
ǳʲô
Ǽ䰴˳ȥ
ǼҶɲôһ£꣺Ҳ̫˰ɡͣ½ŲͷҶصͷǸòһˡ
ζôҶʣȻкܶʳζòƶôСһʳԺһЩĲɲס
ǵȻҵĵطܲˡЦƳһۣüŵ֮ɫ
ǾͺáҶƲƲ죬ȻŵģζãҲԼˡԽֵֵֹصҲİ
ֻһСֵԶסӿȥЩˡҶȽİҲ֪ԼǸλ
УȥĵطǱȽٵģСֵƽʱûʱĵҹ䡣˾ǲһ깶֪Ҷֿ̧һֱɵۣ˵ˡ
°ʱ㣬ô˵ڳ϶˯һСʱҶʱЩΣڳϵôͰ£££ҡҡͷ̧ۿǰ
ֻڼͣڸ˵ǰվһŮŮʶպõסӵһʱû
ǰ˼ӵ󣬲ɵһ㶣С̫Сˡ

ͬ

Ҷ֣һٷˡҦԱŮ˫ĸ첲ȥתͷ
ҶȿڴкҦҶѼ֮󣬾ͰŮսܸʶ
Ҷ죬벻Ҧ͵ĴͷҲܹҵ˽СɰŮŮѡҶͷСմһװɫȹӷɫףЦ
ҶձȽ翴õɰˣŮ˵УôΪġ
Ҧ⸽ԼᣬպҲҼҵһ֮ˡѵòڶ໥к֮󣬾һ
Ҷں棬Դҵ꣬⿴žסһ棬߹ǰһʽ¶쾮Ȼ¥ֱ¥ϡ
ûȥѾ˵Ҷﾪҵ꿴ƱƽԭǬֱ¥һ¥⣬¥װ޵ùӵţÿӶܰʡ
ս¥ſڣһʱ˱ǶҶʿˮǿҿšԱţӭǵѾõλϡ
һʣҦŮڶҶҲֻܰˡƻǼҶֱַС֮󣬼˺Ȳϲˡ
Ҧ죬Դӵ㵥֮󣬾һֱ˸˫۶ҶơҶɫغŲ裬ǵĿⲢǲƣЦµغŲ衣ҦСŮѣûȤ
ûȤűûȤյȤɴˣԴ֪Ҷ֮󣬾һֱش
ҦһˣҲʶˡһֱܺ棬ΪǴ˧ûŮѡҦ֮󣬲֪⼸һֱһŮ
ſڣһֱº͵ЦݣŮ񣬺ͺůͬʱȻ
յĿ⣬̫飬ҶԽԽڡЩΣ̧ͷգü
ռҶ̧ͷʱչһĨ΢ЦҶҲЦЦӦźȲ衣
Ҷ꼸ڲ֮󣬸оջֱֱضʱЦҦŮҲǸ˼ģúЦЦ˳
Ҧ죬ҶͻȻЦ뿴ͼЦһֱңʲô
ͻȻҶôһʣնʱЩҲһ֮Ц˵ҾƯҺöͬ¶Ư
Ҷһ£С椿ֱףɨʿһۣЦЦллҲܿɰҼĺܶ˶ɰɲǿɰô˭ôֱؿűˣֱ׵˵˼ҵġ
յ˺죬ָֻ̬ܿʣҦǰͬ£
ҶƳҦһۣͷ
Ǻü궼ûˣʲôʣ˿кμ⡣
ҶգգۣСҲ֪һᣬشҰ⼸һֱġǹ˾ɲǽĹ˾ôĹ̸⣬Щ
һֱģԼЩԾ˫ۣôһƯŮȥЩ
Ҷֵͷ
Ų裬ҶĻʱǺһڣȭͷɫֹֺЦؿҶ
ҶƳһۣ߳Ϊ⣬ɫȻؼĲ衣ҦЦſһۣȻԼŮѡ
ɫźؿҶЩЦҪ˵Ҧһס
ˣôˡ㲻ǺܶôʡԷҦЦ˵
֪ԼŮѱȽϵֱףסҪʸ׳ģŪξͲˡ
ӣѲ²õҶ˳ڿЦǰһʱҶҲǾЦǿĵġܿǰһʵѵãҦҲЦЦ
ôࡣնʱԹҦһۣӺߺߣѵǾͲ棬ߣ˼ʶѡ
ҶЩЦﻹϲŮӵģԸˬֱԼöǱȽֱˬˣѧУʱǾͺ˷ǳҪõѣۡõۼջǵɰˡ
ôƯӦкܶк׷ɣղҦֿҶʡ
ջ䣬Ҧ֣ҡͷʾ⡣գգۣһʱ䴹׺Ų裬֪Щʲô
Ҷ΢΢ۣƬ֮˳ǣ˵ûСųؿɰҶЦЦʵʲôõġ
û̸治֪ʲôõġֻ֪׶Ǻܺãʹࡣ뵽ɫ𽥵ذ
ձʣһʱҦһۣŵ˵ţ񡭡Ҳûʲôõġ˸оãʱ⣬ܶʱҦԼ
Ҧɫ˱䣬ɿ˼ǰҶһۣŤͷ˵Ҿʲôãǲǣˣˣ˵ôˡ
ţЦЦ۷ؿŻζ㡣
ŨϮҶǰðҲðЦؿһۣôǿԼһ
ȺɡҦЦؿԼŮѣӰʢһ롣
һֱ죬оҶͻȻɫһʹӡ֮ǰжŻֻᴥͻȻˡ
Ŵ꣬ںС֮󣬿ָɣĵһ̾漴ԳһЦĿУʳȽҪ
ùҶǰ룬Ҳʢһ˹ЦҲԿǷԿζ
ãллҶ΢΢ǣžͺܲŨǼζ
ţζͦõġһ¶ǣզ죬ĵؿϴȥǼңζöˡζȽϴûôĵζ
ҦЦŸֿͣ䣬ĵطȻȽϺá
ͶԵɣкóԵܶס˰ɡЦƳζ˵š
ߣҪʲôˡվͣˣ漴תҶúƵʵô
ҶĶһ٣ؿԼ˵ͷǲ֮ǰԹζҪúܶࡣ
նʱϲһҵͬˡǵļСÿһˣնҶƷ̸ۡ
ҶʵգӾբĺˮһôֹסоǺܺõģԼþöûиô˵ˡ
ͳԵúǻϲոҶһԷһ̸ʳͷ㣬Цϡ
Ҧ岻ϻεӶЦһٷ꣬ߵʱջҶ˳Ժĸͣ

һ

ſڵʱն˵˳·ǰɣһҪĻ졣
ʼ磬ӦˡԾȥѳãȻûϼ仰ҶԵÿģ˵ЦģԼҲǺܿĵġ
Ǿãĺܺá˲ƯԸº̸ͣܽѵõǻԼһʳζ
Ҷ˺ȻּæҶϵʽҶԼϢʱһֳԶ
ҶЦЦôˬʵŮʵѵãƽʱҲܲţҪûоͺˣȤζͶû׼ʱŮһ֣ƻֵġ
Ҧ³֮󣬳ڶʱҶλЪϢԼúЦˣҲǺ۵ġ
ӣĵġƳ˺Ӿһۣ䡣
Ҷ۾΢ˣҲǸ˼ġЦЦ÷񣬸ѾͷһԷһͷ
Ƭ֮Ҷ۾Ƶ³һ仰ҦȻҵŮѣʵ̫ˡ
ޣô˵ü
ô˵ҦˡҶͣһ£һüͷɿˣԵְɡʵڲ̸ǰˡ
̧ƳһۣŴӻ֮ȻһЦһҲǻԵԺлͻ֪ˡ
ҶӦһл֪˵
Ŀؿһۣ۵ĻؼҾͺúϢɡ˯һˡ
ҶۣһŤͷų羰ʮ֮Ҷص˼УӱѾʮһˡ
ϴ˸ˮ裬Ҷһͷ˱һգҶۻˣһ˯úܳ
ҶʱѾǵڶʮһ㡣ȵ˯һžԼľԻָһЩŴĵ⣬Ҳ
ϴҶΪͣȻɨҶķһңøռһ䡣
ƽԼһ飬ҲûôڣסСʱ֮ͰӴɨһ¡
򿪱䣬ƿ֮⣬ûҶɵɵһЦþûðˡ
Ҷ˳Ȼ¥˳ȥСĳйûЩƷ
ս볬Уվʹ绰˵Լ°֮Լһ֡ҶʱüбߵˣĩҪϰࣿҲ֪С椵ְҵʲôҲ
ҶúЦΪֻ˵˵ģû뵽ô͸жˡǣѵϢһհĲȥ
ҶֻյԼˣѵУԼż³ҲܲպܿʹӦˣҶѵַ
Ҷڳй˴ԼСʱĶص˼ҡҶһп䳬ҲǸڷźö֮ܵ˯
ֱֻᷳҶ˯ѹֻһüͨյĵ绰ҶԼԼյ͵顣
Ҷ𴲣Ȼ˸绰绰ͨǽԹȥˣſڵȺþŰ
ޣԲ𣬶ԲҶţȥſڣȻһ˿վ⡣
ţտҶҵͷţʱۣʵ㲻һֱ˯ɣҶǸص˵ͷݡ
ҷװ޵Ҳ̫Ư˰ɡոսţɨ˿һۣ־һԼװ޵𣿡
ҶЦЦҲɨһۣ岼ҸƵģõĶǹ˾ĲϣҲûô
ѽ˫ۣҲΪҶǿЦģû뵽ѽ
ҶЦСǵÿɰղιһԼķӣȻɳϺȲʳ졣
֮Ҷ֪ԭǸƻʿѽѹĩҪϰ࣬ҲǸƵˡ
˵Ǹعպ˿Ȳ裬ʵ
ţɳȥģԺˣܸʶ˳Ժ֣ûʲôá
áտҶͻȻѹСĵ˵ððʧʧң棬㲻ɣ
ҶţǽҡҡͷᰡôֱˬʣõԸһͦϲġƽʱҶһϰˣѵ֣ĺܸˡ
ģǾͺáԺϢ㡣նʱüЦҶͷ˿ӱ˵ȥ󷹣ԼŪóԵġ
󷹣Ҷȥ
ȻҶùףȻüʵ㲻ô
εҡҡͷƽʱҦķҶȻȻЦ˵һȻǺó
ҲգͬˣʶҶɵشӱóȻΧȹ
ԺһǸĸ˭Ȣ˱Ӹպĵؿ佱ţﰵĳ˲֪
Ҷ϶һ٣ݸû˵ôãԼӶѡָָ̨ϵļʵǳ⼸ôϲ𣿡
˳ֿ̨棬ʱ۾˹еĲƿҿ־̾㣿Ūģ
ҶЦҡҡͷɻ㣬ǰռĹġѬ⣬⹫ҵʳ㣬Ѭ⣬һּᣬһˣô
пڷˣصѽ۷ʿˮ漴뵽ʲôͷҶʵģ
ղſĴͷϹһεƬۣ治Ǹǵģһװףް
ǰɣˣҰְǺˡ
ǵƯ˸ƯҲӣҪæϴˡҶæסЩԼŪģҺܿŪáջһÿζﵹæԼ÷Ѿʰ
ջҪ֣æЦϲԼŪ΢һˣһֽŵġУ㵽ȥðɣҺܿŪˡ
ðɡŬŬɣǲģСûۺȻһĨ֮⣬ҳȥˣ㵽俩
áҶЦֻҪҾС
Ƭ̣վܳ˳СƳһۡȻٵҶķ䣬óֻҶǽϵļƬ
Ƭֿ֮ٵܻؿһȲ裬ֱࡣﰵĥѵǴ
ֻԼĵƬһͨȻͨ¼šһУ̾˿ȻذοԼΪǺ
ҶԵֵڳŪԼĲˣȻûʲôˡ

ڴ

Сʱ֮С㣬Ѭ⣬ּᣬˡ
ۣǺѽ죬ſˮԷ֮ǰƬֻҶƬŮôٵء
ûҶӦѸƬ΢ĳЩ˽šһУҶһٷռŸЦطΧгꡣҶһʰֱ֮ҪȥС
ҶЦЦȷʵҪɢɢ֮նҪóֻƬҶ黹Ǹֻĵš
ʮ㣬Ҧ֮԰ջؼҡյһԹҦͻȻò̫ѳˡ
Ҷ죬ǸźɫظҦкǿ뿪֮תؼҡ
һˣȥ鷿˾ļյ·˾ǩԼȻʼֹĿ
鷱ӣܶϸҪöǰһ硣ֻϲϵ𶯣Ȼ֪޾
ҹĻ٣𽥻谵һƬԹôۣͣסϹα۾
ֻڲϵ𶯣ۣȥֻĻϷʮţ΢ѣۣһ㿪
һŻЦֻĻϣɵ۾˫ֻĻƬŴ󣬴Ƭϵ֮һ˫˲޵Ĺâ
һֽгԵĶӿ޳ָڼƬл䣬΢ůڡ
ҶȻ֪հĸƬ˸飬Ȼ󷢸䡣֪ƻġ
һϣȻദĵģǾúۡɵø̾ԼӦԭǺܲģǰͨﵩس裬˯һҲ͹ˣҲۣǲһˡ
ҶּʰһӣϴȥˡϨ̨ƣ绰Ҷִһü˻ỹǽ
ҶϢˣ绰ͷº͵
ţҪ˯Ҷͣһᣬ̽Եʵ㣬ʲô𣿡
Էƺһ£ȻЦһʵҽȥϰô
ҶüԼҪŶร
ôˣ绰ͷҶͻȻһæ
Ҷع񣬡û£㲻ùˡҹƻȥô鷳ˡҪ𵽹˾׼ѽ
ЦӦһҶæлȻ˵绰˵绰֮ҶûиԼͳӹ
Ҷּæͨ¼Ҫزȥ뵽ʲôաεطźֻӶһ£Ͻñ˯ڵһ졣
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֪ԼܣͬʱҲú£ԼһνƵԽԽԶԶԼҲ޷λá
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ڶգ⣬Ҷһְҵװͷûȫϣصͷβ
˿ȥɴ䣬ӣûϰʱ䣬˹˾ԱҲú磬ϰ֮ҶټԱ˸ᣬͽչϸڲáʱŵ㣬Ҷڰ칫﹤˽֪ŸѾˡ
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û뵽׿ԼļҵԼƴһˣǾ֮ϲ֡
Ҷ֮ǵػһȦմӺŹԱİֹţ̸ܾ֮ЦʱŲ͵ضס۾ض䣬ͻȻֲõԤС
ҶսŵʱѾһְҵװ磬ˬ䡣ɫ֮ʱһ鵭üԼһ֮ƣһĨޡ
ڿԼ֮΢Ц漴ֲɫƿߣ̸ܾ
ҶҲֻǾһָ֮˳̬ںŴ¥ôճҲΪ档
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ܡҶߵվɨһۣлһ
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ƺԼһ̣΢΢һпЦû뵽һҲַʽ档ĵ̾Ϣ΢Цֻ֡
գʱһĵܣҶĿڲֻֻůʵյĿͻȻ䣬ϸֵЦݣִһ飬æջԼ֡
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俴ҶȻȻ¶飬ϤİһЦ·ֻص˼ǰǻһĿ﹤ӡ
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Эǩ֮ڽ¥˰䣬˫ʹ˳Ϊ顣ûȴһ˳ǰ¥
һЩԱѾع˾֮⣬˴Ŀĸθ˶һǰʮ֮ࡣҶźĳӸ棬ɫͨˡ



ｭ¥ʱѾһӡҶ˳ȵϣЩܡ
ΪģҶһ͵˹˾ҲֻǼţ̸ڳôһȦѾǰźˡ
ҽҪĹѾɣҶ·ɣʱ;Լ÷šǿ۵θ
Ҷܸλạ̃ɵüͷչƻûû˵ˡȻ˫˾Ҫˣϳ˹мν̸֮⣬ǻû˵ʲô
Ϊϲѵײһ𣬴üЦ佻̸
Σ̫ˣʢȴҶż̸֮ͬ⣬Լ΢ͷ֪Щʲô
úЦĿⲻɵ÷ᣬ˹ЩˡǲĿ⣬Ҷŵͷ̧𣬵ؿһۣۡ
΢΢Ц⣬ӿϣֿ˱𴦣ջߣЦӦ
ҶֻԼڷ鷢Ĺ̫ûгԽ᲻
ǿĲʣµšʱ˿ֻ̣ϣԱܿϲˣԼ֧ŲסˡòѾþúþãûָоˣȵĸоĺܡ
ſڣſڸպô򿪣СʱһϲʱСÿʢСתϡ
û쵼ٶҲûжֵġΪԻҶʵǺġһѳԵĶڷǰ㻹ù˼쵼עǡܳãǷǳƵ顣
ҶЩ㱣ְλߵλ쵼β̸۵أ
ʮˣﶼһ磬ûôྫš̸Ц䣬۾ɨһȦҶõĿţһ㶣üͷźۼ
˹Ҷ룬ȻٻͻȻЦ˵˾仰ʱȻкﶯ֡
ҶƲƲ죬ᣬԼֳһٷԵúǱŤҶθЩҲûԶ١
һеģԵúǻϲƹѲ˹ζҶҲûٺȾƣǿθ﷭ڣ乫˾˵˱𣬸ع˾
س̵ʱҶȻźĳӣһϳͿۡ
ܼ࣬ôҶɫЩ԰ףǵ
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ҶʱɻողŸֿͿԼĳӹˣҶҡͷǰӿ˶㳡Ťͷ壬ڹ㳡ǰͣ³ҹȥ
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￴ְ֮˸飬Ȼÿȥ˶㳡
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ϸϸ£ܼЩ֮ɫʱһûмܼӡҶ˽Сĵǵһ
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ϰ˵㣬ѾһƬֻҶİ칫ŵƹ⡣һҶĹϣãȻ̧ͷ
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ߺҶ̫ѨôʱˣԳһЦ֪޾ҪʰͻȻһѣΣϡ

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ҶֻȫͻȻ鸡θֿʼطغ˼޷ʹŹԼʱ̫ˣ̫ûгԷԵʰɡ
ҶһᣬָһЩʰöнŲصƹţ˳ȥ
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ҶͻȻлԼҶ΢΢һҲ˼֡
תϷŵЦݣ߹һ䣬Ҷ飬ѿɫӲˡֻŵ磬󷢶
ôˣ䣿ǰ˫ֻӣʵҶЩ㱵ضݽ
ô°࣬ǱȽģߣؼҰɡɫЩѿǶˣʱЩۣʾӷȥ
Ҷ΢΢˻Щ䵭ϤЩԳһЦ鷳ˣԼȥͺáƲת·ȥ
ٴԼܣʱһ͵۾Įתߣüͷšţ˫ֲԾؾ˾ͷȻһ谵
绹úõģôնѣͶԼ˵룿ѵΪԼƭ»ңһҶ
Ҷǽһ½Ųּǰȥ
Ҷûпͣ½Ųֺһ̧ȥ
ҶҲθͻȻͳʹ΢΢ӣָһʹ
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һʹҶţԼܺѣλʹȡǣͻȻһů⻷ͷԼԼ伱еؽк
ǼеĽлҶģӦһǶӵʹҧأ˵ֽ
ֽæҶӿȥھʹȥҽԺ
šҶ³һ֡
ǰὫҶڳϣϵðȫæǰҽԺ
ôˣ䵣ǵؿһֻֿųһָֻҶĶͷһһ亹ܵԼ絶
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θۣôͻȻθʹأЩܿ͵ҽԺˡҲžۣҲû̫࣬æӿ˳١
֪˶ãҶоֱ΢ɣ֪ԼѾҽԺɸһҽԺſڣüͷøˣܲҽԺζ
䱧ҶҴܽ˺ҽԺƣæҽлʿ˳仳ﱧŵˣæ˹ȥ
俴ܹˣʱһϲæգ죬ҽ
ǼƵĻʿҹࡣŵҶʱһæȥôˣɫôô԰ѿ
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ҽѾˡջ䣬ҽʿæ˽ѯҶ˽֮ҽ˵Ҫ飬ȷ˾
ȳȥɣҪ顣ҽڸˡ
ţһѳˣȥ
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䱻˳һʱûлعǿǸֽŷŲţɫҲʮֲá
ôͻȻˣǸʲôһƤЦ̬࣬üͷ
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ոɵۣӣ߳һתͷߣðɣҰûȽϿЩһ˻ֵһۣŶ߽˷䡣
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ˣ𣿡ţż
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ȥ˾ô죬ô°࣬ҲûԣŻ
˽ҶѾ˯ˣɫЩ죬üͷʱʱ𣬹ܣ˯òȡ
һʱգ֮ǰԼЦҪˣ֮ѾϰΪˡڿɺˣԽҶԽգ֪Σ޿κΡ
̾һڴϣҶĶͷŤͷյǵʵͷôộȥҪҪѽ
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ûĴȤһҶͻȻ뵽ʲôתͷۣʣ㻹ûиҽúõôŪӵģ
һʣַԸ˵ɫõƳһۣղŲǸҽô˼Զ֪ʡ
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俴ӣͻȻЦˣ˵գ㻹ûҦͳɹܼˣ

ܰܰ

Źܼţ˵˵һΪã˭ù㡣ŶʱգݺݵһۣʰҪ߳ȥĵ¿ηΣԺ±ҡ
ȵȣҲֻ˵˵ѡҪߣסε̾˿ʲôҲûմӹ˾°Ȼˡ
°ࣿղɵü
š
ôҲѹˡտҶĵ΢̾һŮôƴ
ûʡ
š
նʱ۾ɫ죬ҶصתյɵӣҪˡ
ţĿϧҶ֪ԼӰ˵Ĵ
ЦҲŸˡԼ䵭룬Ƕôľ¡֮ʹ֮ܣҲžʹ
ԭѾںںԭѾú
ιˣȳȥЩɡտӣʵڿȥˣ
˿˵ҲûԶǰɣǶõѪˡȥŪЩ嵭ԳԵ㣬Ȼθտյģöѽ
˲侪ѣ̧ͷգֿҶ˼ţǹô죬ڻգҲĵÿ
ⲻ𣿻ҽʿءռڴ㶣ߴٵϽȥɣ˯ģܿͻѹ
㲻ǻҪæ俴еĶü
裬ҳȥһȦͻЦ䣬ͻȻúúõһˣôˡؼһҪҦú˵˵ֵܡ
Ǻðɣɵÿ˰վߴӰʱǹգǰһ˵ɵúúÿŰһʲô⣬ˡ
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հĥֲ鿴Ҷһæȥˡ
ҶԼڻجج֮УʹȽӣûܹһֱǻʹ᲻һ㾢
ǿҵڸǹɻ֪˶ãƿƣ˯˹ȥ
Ҳ֪˯˶ãҶоԼӿտգööû˯ȥ˹
ӷһȦտûӰſԼŵΣҶҽԺ
ȥˣҽʿûУҽԺеζϮҶʱűʹŻ
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գҽôҶʵȻԼҲ֪Ĵ¸ſҽĽ
ҶʵƤ̬֮ʱɫõظ˵˾ȻֱҶѵһ飬˵ôϧԼ壬æĹҲҪʱԷ
ҶȻŤΣȴůůģԼá
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ȥһ··ʪôУոˣָðˡ˵ţҪȥ
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һƿˡɨһȦʱЦôˣԺؼ
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һë˾ţɻüǶôôԶ
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䲻գȻҶۺЦҶЩСҪҪԿ
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֪ˣȳȥһȦŴЦˣֱӹˡ
ѾŪһС࣬ǽ贵һᣬȻֶ˵Ҷǰ棬С̡
Ҷؽ˹һС̧࣬ͷ˳Цݣ˵䣬лл㡣

ͬס

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Ҷؿ˫ս΢ʹջ߿Լ֣ͬʱ˵ͷ
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嵭С࣬ҪǷƽʱǺܲϲġѵԶ֣ζС࣬Ҳô˿˿
ҶӸշգθЩۣûʲôθڣֻһСͷӡ
ûãվ͹˵ΡΪʵܲҽԺζҶҪؼϢҲûʲôֻҪûʲô󰭣ؼϢá
ȥ˸Ҷһʱ仹ûָ»Щ鸡շҽԺſȥ
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ӿҶСĵͣͣҶʱ䣬Ѿǰҹһˡ
Ҷ켸ڣǺ۵ˣԼҲ鷳뿪˵ԼȥͿˣؼҲЩϢ
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䣬ѾˣȻؼҰɡҶͣ¶˵ԼȥͿˣѾ鷳ˡ
ָˣȥȻҲġЦؿһۣɷ˵ַߡ
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˵꣬Ҷʱһ򣬽һҪǰˤҺһֱվ˽š
ع񣬶ʱɴ˫ۣҪסҼң
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ҶʱһҭҪ治˵ѾúܶˣҪھܾæ˵ĻɳСҲûɳɣ
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Ҷ˼һ˵زˣξܾɫƳһۣ˵¥ǹ˹
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ҶۣǼһһһž仰һֹŻǼɡ
ۣ˾ȥϢɣҲѾˡԱɳ£Ȼӣ˵
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ʱЦվ֪Ǻ£ǣ
ſֱߡҶַۣնѷӴһȦûҶҲڳڣԼ˵ҪӦš
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ҪҪҲЩҶֻһ룬漴ʴڴҹˣҲˡ
ЦҡҡͷҶҲǿǰ˶ҶͻȻСõζˡüͷ壬Ҳ޷ֻܳô嵭ˡ
ǿΣذһС¶ǡշ룬ϽطϢʣԼʰС
ҶҲƴǣԼķ䲢ҹ˷šж¶ǣҲЩ˼Ƭ̣ҶǾȳˮ衣
ϴҶߵſڣ˿ŷ죬Ѿ˵ơ죬䵱ɳϢˣ
ʰù룬Ϩ˵ƣɳС·Ƶ⣬ϸشŴĲ֣ĿͣɳǽͷŵƬϡ
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ҶһһǳҸļͥϧĸĸȻҲ˵ĳڡЦݣԼҲů
СҪıͲߣҲֻϣһֵļңаԼĸĸǣԵɵذ˸ӣ뵽һ
ˣҪ׷Ȩҵգٳ߸ͷġҵгɣҲֻ֤ԼһƬӶѡ׷Ҳֻô򵥣ǰЦݣů
ضЩƬȾϲů㶬յϺ˪Ҳůڡ׷ģ˼򵥡
һ˼ĵƹæͿҶһ˳
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ҶӰ֮󣬻˹ղǸһˡҶѱӷɳϣת˻ȥ
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ҶŲһ٣תüӭŹߣҲû飬ֻЦЦ漴˵Ϣɡ
Ҷ㶣漴ҲȻٵػطšãһ˿ʧҲùӸϡϼд˿˿ܰ㣬ϵζһ۾ǹٹôϲ£
һҹܰ񾲣ҶҲûʲôʣһ˯
ڶգҶһѾ࣬һӣѾŵˡ
ʱһæϴ·Ȼ߳˴Ѱʰã׼ϰࡣ
Ҫȥģ
ҶЬʱһŤͷӳ߳ˣһô

쵭

ɰѸҺõϹСϣɵһЦˡ
ҶЬӴãվüͷ΢壬㲻ȥϰڶŵˡ
һЩҲûϵ϶µɨһۣü⣿Ҫȥϰࣿ
ȥϰ࣬㻹ߣѾٵˡҶһۣתžҪ߳ȥ
ιҶ廹ûþȥϰ࣬Ҫ伸˹һסҶֹߡ
Ѿúܶˣ˾һ飬ôܲȥϰࡣҶͻȻסƳһۣԾһзţ̬ٲȻԼһ
Ҷ¶ʱգֵһۣ㻹Ͻȥϰ࣬ҼҴŸ
ͻȻЦЦЦĿǺÿɿҶ֣ȥ˵㲻ȥˣѾˡ
ʲôҶʱ˫ۣæ˻ˣ
š
ôģ
ֱֻӸܴ˸绰̬ŵذʢƵ˵
ʲôι䣬ôŹҵ顣ҶŶʱŭһĴϣŭ䡣
϶һ漴̧ۿҶϸϸϢôһҹȻŭȾЩɫüԾɼ˿˿ƣ룬ϻһȦӰȻ˯߲㣬ûȫָ
ջߣŭ϶ɫȷܹϰˣ
ҶʱһҭҲ֪ԼҪúȥϰ࣬˾ǻѻһѹʱ򻹲ҪӰӵҪ
ȻˣСëϢһ¾ͺˡҶһۣתҪ߳ȥߵſڣȻƮһ仰ʱһ
Ҫȥϰֻ࣬ҵܰˡ
Ҷ͵ػͷʱҧгݣ⻹˵ãⲻŸԼϵ
䣬̫ˡҶ˻Լİɳϣݺݵص䡣
⻹ΪãǺĵ¿ηΡϷЦ⣬ɣҸ࣬ȷʵҪúθˣȻԺЩ߰Ķ
Ҷ˵ʵһʱﷴɫȻõпɳϣĬ۾Ƴ۲ϵĶɵü
Ц£Щε˵ȥϰ࣬㿴Ұۡ˵꣬˹ɳϵĴӣȥ·
ҶǰΣԼʲôʱ˵ˣĪ̧ȻͳôС࣬Ͷˡ
ôһ嵭С࣬ҶʱԼθҲѹѣﰧԹܲܳԵˮĶѽ㶵ؿ࣬ͻȻЩ²ȥڡ
任һװͿҶ뷢ʱʵôˣ
ҶתͷѾһͷϵûʲôεƲƲƲ죺Ҳ˿װţŻһװ磬˶ʱͱˡ
ЦһƳһۣԼĶ߳ſڡ
ιҶ˵һˣæͣסŲЩΪ飬ŵ˵㲻𣿡ҶƳһɰһ࣬ԼôԵꡣ
ҲƳһۣǹسһ£漴ЦصظҵģϽ԰ɣȥϰˡ
Ȼ뵽ʲôתҶüͷЩ̬ʱЦӣֻܳô嵭Ķը㻹ǲҪˡ
ͼǵóҩͺúϢɡĳԿף˻ΣЦĳʱ˵꣬һֱӹˣҶκξܾĻᡣ
ġҶҪſھֱӹˣŭԼ˼˵˾ˣ̻𡣿òλĳӣֱҪˡ
䣬쵰Ҷֶݺݵһ䣬ǰ࣬˱һðɣҲ͹ˣ˳׸
ҶͣϮϰͲϰɣ˭ԸȥȻˣ˯ɡɳСᣬҩ֮󣬾Ϣȥˡ
һ㣬Ҷ˹˯һǾġҲûŪԵģųŪõСࡣ
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һ硣ӣҹĻڰҶҪơţè۴һվſ⡣
򿪷ţնʱƤˣֿˡ
ҶЦЦӵ˽ȥҶпſڱüͷ䣬иʲô
Цüص˫֣źüӣȻ˽ȥֱӰǼӷڲϡ
Ҷ۹ţ˻ЦŸ˵˵ҹ࣬ջؼϢҲ˯֮
ҶůůԼҲֻʶգཻδ˹Լĵʵѵá
ղڹѵϢ㲻˯𣿡տҶʰʼ׼صԣʵ
һӴӴóյĻ϶һ١ƳҶһۣȻµظɻ
˯ģˡҶĿ⣬һֶۣЦû£ѾúܶˡҲġ
㻹Ҫע壬ôƴˡգЩ£ҽԺ;ܡΪʿԸ⿴ġ
Ժ󶼻úõġҶϲĵǣʱƤ֤
ɣղ·˭µġ쬵Ƴ˵ϣѷд򿪸
ƲƲ죬յҶĶߣ˵һ仰Ҷ˫۶ʱһպٺЦ˳ҶҲ
Ӧķзŵǵǰ档ոո˵˺óԵĻҶϲģǰķ֮󣬶ʱۣҵľ
ҶǰģԵǲռն죬ճԵŹǼ㣬Լֻ
ȻأǸ䵭ƳһۣһԼķյͷЦԼķҲ
ҶһҭԼһ࣬ͶˡθҲûôۣԷⶼû⡣
ԺõҲУҲõЩ˵Ц⣬ȴǱ˵
ЩҶʱɫˣɨǰķһۣʿˮ
ûҲҪԷİ׳յؿһۣͷԷ
ҶЩյؿ䣬ٴԼŤͷգСţǿЦڳԷʱŭǽҼҸҵǲǣ

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Ҷ䣬ա͡һЦлŷͻȻЦҭס˺ʱҵؿЦֿǺҪ
ҶǇǺЦգߺһյһۣá
ڶǺЦνӣչҲڴˣ̼̼һҶ΢̫̾˵㣬ôƹˡ
տȵͨ죬űЦĺ̫ˣòֹס˿ȡתҶɫֲɵЦһЦֿ
գôһ͵ˣ̫ˡҶٴЦˣǿˣ˾ǴԼġ
ȡȡؿڣ˻Уҵúȵˮ˳˳˵꣬ɨһ棬ҪҶǰˮùȡ
УҵġҶסкóԵľˣԼܳܺȵġ
ôСҪȥãҶѹס֣ͺôһڣǺˣòã
СҶǲ֣ȥˮȥ
Сշ˸ۣԼ֣ٵ輸ˮһᣬ˻ЦؿҶ
һԿţʱΪЦˣƤҲˣ֪ҶҲ˵ģ˵Ŀɰ
Ҷͬʱַ˸ۣԼķ˻ǰ棬ζس
ҶƳһֿۣ䣬ɫȻãЦʲôЦ㻹ҳԷȥ
ЦݣĿؿ˵ЩˣҴȥԺóԵĺòã
Ҷţʱһ£ƤһƵؿ䣬ȻƲ΢΢һ˭ҪЦ
͵̧ͷ۷ֱȥеۣҲҪȥǵôѽ
侯ԵƳգֶҶ˵ģɲһࡣţ࣬صȥ㶨ġ
ҶţʱԼǰƷտʼһԼԵ࣬ԺóԵģʱҲûע⿴ϸϸţţǵζģҲ⣬ϸϸţĩ
ţʺθԿζ϶ǲġɫЩϲɫǹ𣬡ҲûʲôȺЩˮůůȰɡ
Ҷ۶Լǰţ࣬ĻȻůůůůġԼôã⼸գůĹģͬյᡣ
ȻҶ̧ۿ䣬΢ЦůڣҶЦ𿪡
Ҳ̫ˡƲƲ죬ֹʵҲѽ죬漴ҡҡͷ˰ɣսҦԼȥԡ
Ҷʱһ죬ͻȻԼոȡ֣⼸ε̫ˣҲʲôˡ
ƲƲ죬˵ģȺ˼ȻӳһٷԵûǻ䣬ҶȻǱȽĶ̰ɡ
ڶգҶͣ˹˾ϰࡣҶ΢գڣæͻؼң治ԼĳӽãҺ뿪ԼյĳڻصԼˡ
ʱ䣬Ҷûü°ԷҶɻüһࡣ
Ҷü˶ö룬϶͹ġţ˾ʹ˵绰绰ҶϣҶЩϲ񣬱˵ǵĸоáϲس࣬ôϲ£
ͣҶջһĹȻǲеģϼӰǿ϶ˡ
û°ʱ䣬˽ҶͣϹһֻ࣬˸
Ҷʼ磬ȷʵҪúõӣҲνǻϲسһգҶܼϲɫҲŻϲ﹤Ҳࡣ
һգÿԷʱ䣬׼ʱ͵ҶΪжĳһȡôһˣ˵һͲ͵ʳǺƽ飬˵˵Ҳġ
ҶϲգɵգͽʱͻȻͲôΪˡΪģԴԺ֮ԼʳûԹġ
ô죬Ѿָԭȵ״̬ˡͻȻԷ׷ۣġ
Խ룬ԽǾԼͱõζϵǷͣԽԽᷳԼ඼ȵ÷Żˡ
ǽţ࣬һԹ֮ͺûζ־ЩθҶüͷšţôŹġ
֮£ҶǲҪ˷ˣٵĽ֮绰䣬ҪˣЦӦ
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գˡҶŭѣѾ˵˺üˣ˷ѣ˵θ
ֱ壬Ҷʵܲסˣץû°ʱ䣬͸˵绰͸ûꡣ
֪˸Ҧȥˣ΢΢һôգϰһܹˡʱ룬ҶϷ㶣ʲôá
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ԼһȥֳԷҶ°ֱ֮ӵҽԺȥգ˿ǰġ
գȼøͺЩʱȥʳֳҹҶ߿ųӣʵ
֮ǰÿͶԣǾԼѾþúþûпˣʳһѺóԵĶͲԾʿˮ
ţҲôΪնʱϲҲþûйˣԴӸҦһ֮ʱţ
ŮӶЦʮ֮ҶѳͣһͲǰ档
ۣþûҵԷˡ˳üЦģҶ˽ȥ
ҶЦҲ˸һģ椹ƽʱ̫ܵˡһ̾飬ǡҡҡͷ뷨ζΣ治֪
Ҷ߽ӵ㷹ϮʱǸԵķա˳ͲҶСʱ
ͲȫضУÿطҲиԶصĳԷԼԵͲСʱǳȥҰʱԼŪģƽʱٳԵڣˮƽߣͲѾΪҳ㷹ˡ
˷ֱζͲͲȴʱ䣬ҶսԼͯȤ¡
һټ򵥵Եú㣬ȻЩδ˶ǿţǻŶӳҹء
·Ժ֣ͨŮҶҲ⣬ѵʱ˷ع˸̳Ҳ˺Щ·ЬӣƷ
ʮһ㣬ҶĶŵ˳ϣЯ߽ĵضΣʳ֡

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ʳѾȺ̻ʢƮ硣ĩĿʼֵգȽӵҶգĦߡ
ֵ԰˸ʳ෱ĺʣտɫ±׷ݣڶ̯ӣ㣬ƷȵȣνǻŸɫʳ˿ۻңߡ
ǳʲôҶͻȻԼѾþúþûʳ˼̻ˣĿʳͻȻѡ
ÿԡѾⷢԵĶͣҰͣҶ
ǳԺʰɡ·һҺʵ棬ϲ˵ʵѾ˺öຣʣзϺ㣬ݡ
ҪҶԼкʹʷĺðɡȻƽʱżЩϺзֺʶԵĻнŹ֡
㺣ʹյɴ˫ۣɫض
ǣЩɡҶЩȻһȻģЦЦģǳԵġ
ðɡֻգϧޣ̫ûڸˡ
գܳ𣿡
ǵȻܳģôֻѽС⣬׳յƲҶһۡ
ǣܳԾͺãǾȥҰɣôҶЦЦǿʹתһҵſڡ
̧ۿ˵ƣ۾ϴƬ֮ŤͷҶۣô
ɷд˼֣տ˲ǷʲôҪ֪ҶطñǸ˲Ź֡
ǸˣһϸŹʳȻǻûһ𣬿֪˶Թ̶ȡ뱻ȻҦΪѶѿ
ҶЦüңҸˣܳǼġʳֵտУҲҵΪҵտ߲˶Сζãտľ̶ȻΪһǼǼԽߣ̶Խ
ǲңǷô˼ǰӣˡղɵøɵۣҪߣȥ
ҶüƲƲ죬ţǲѽѵһʳ֣ԵˬЩҲ̫ԲԼˡ
ڶˡҶסգͼ˵ѵ㲻֪ʵЩθô
˵ˣѵùѵͲȥҶ΢ɶɺЦֺõ˵ǾͳһǼģðɡտɲ´ˡҶЦü˼Զ
ȷû£յǵʵԼС治ҵθܵˡ
ȷԼ϶Ҷصصͷ֤ջûɶ˼
ͿҰɣѾحһˡҶãⱲӶûôɵûջǰ
Ц˳ԼһʶҶ⻰Ҳ˵óڣ˵ʶ㡣˦Ҷ֣ǼҵȥʵԼҲǱջİ
Ц߽˾տ꣬ѾΪҶֻſһλáҲƽϣϲص˸տ
ҪҪȱҹȥ򣿡ҶбĶ꣬ͻȻȡյͷڸ㡣
ҶߵĶ꣬Ѿ˳Ҷ˼ŷտҲҪòŶҲ޷
˷ܵƬ΢ͻȻͷϤ̧֣ͷһ͵©˰ġѹīƶܹ˱ʲôʲô
ЦݶʱһǰˣͻȻôЦˡҦҦ֡
ôܵˣҦЦԼŮѣʵ
ôˣˣŹģҦĻܶ˸˸ƲһۣҦʵ
ڶѾոɢҸԵҹ
ޡӦһͷԼֻԼɿҦһۣЦЦɨܱһȦûп˵Ӱʱüһˣ
Ӷʱһװδţµֻֻϣ
ţ۾Уüͷ壬ѾͷϲŭͨϣȽϵֱס
ӣӣ̧ۿ˵ƣɨһۣ۾Уɫ
յͷ͵øˣͷҪֻĻȥˡظоǸվŵ˻ɢѹͻȻܺˡ
ҦɿһƳһۣߣ΢˵ΧȺֺģķΧЩơ
ôҶõĶӲ򵽶ЩƣͻȻˣȻá
һɣ͵̧ͷҶ˶ʱЦľǰ
˺þõĶѽսӹҶϵĶЩЩֺáﲻһ䣺Ժ󲻰˸ɻˡ
öˡҶ΢˿˿ڶҦʵô
ҹˡҦҶɫģЩΣЦ˵
ɣҶһɫãʳɽ˺ģôɾͿˣҶͻȻһգ˫΢
ձʾǳ޹ðɣ޲ûǣȥ
ҶһٽƵغԼĶտǲҽŲŵӣҶ
Ҷ˶֮һָһº͵ɫҲһŵӣҶһ۲ᣬ˲˵˼
ǵտˡҰ̰ѼӶ˳ЦؽһΰӰڷϡ
ᣬϺݣ򺣬ţȸζζ˱ǶҦ俴Щտʱˡ
Ҷǰһ¶ǼտӡͻȻȾˣû𣬽ĥΪԼеĬ
ƽãôԶУƫƫŮ˶ʱڣЩտȻĩҦʱգ㲻֪ڲܳԼǻʿأⶼǵˣ
ƲƲ죬˵ɣ͸ΪԼĬˣѵ˰ɡҶüͷ΢壬ƫͷüŬŬ죬Ķԣ˵Ҵ衣
ޣҶȻֵһۣ粻˵ûķˡҶһţƳһĿʱЦС椹ƱҦ̫ܵϣԷɾ͵ֲסջˣǰŻԼġ
ҶǰЩӣպϻúóԵ۲ԼˮתˡȴֳԲŵζǺðͻȻˣʱЦõ⡣
ŷţҪͣͻȻһֵֻϵտˡҶʱһתͷһŰʱŭι

޳ܱ

Ǻ˰ˣǲǣһҶϵտԵϡ
ŭ֮ǰθ۵ȥģҲò׸˼աźЩô̼ĶҲ̫Լˣ̫ᰮϧԼˡ
䣬̫ܵˡҶɫõصۣ⼸Լεسôˮͻ
ҹ̫ܵҲ̫ԼˣӸպЩôĶ㻹һҽԺǲǣҲˣ֪ΪĻΪν̬ȣɵüӴ
ңҺõúܡҶȾŭ⣬ŭضǲҪҹԼҵطȥ͡˵꣬ƲؿҦ
տǲһͳĪ뱻꼰㡣
ҦҶţʱЦһ֮ǰǻͬµʱ򣬿Ǻټӵġһᣬ˵һʱزתͷ䣬ӣŴԲ
ͻȻһЦϳȥŨȵüһаһҦЦһûζǾˣ˳ȺСơ
ҲǣֳɵĿɲҪ˷ˡҦ⣬Ц˳ϰüƿơƳ˵ţߣоȥˡ
Ҷţֺݺݵɹι䣬ô޳вУҶЩտԾţǿǵȵú࣬ŵȳġ
Ц˳ǵһ䣬˲޳ʲôЩڳɫͻȻúǽûģǹǿ
ԽԽúЦ̲סЦ˳
ιҶø첲ôЦǣҲ̫ŵ˰ɡҶյӣҲЦˡЩǡ
ۣҲᣬͻȻ뿪ˣԼֲŮѣʲôҲܲԼŹһԼҲԿ
˵ʲôôЦҦ˳ӣҲźЦʵ
Цݶʱһգ˺ߣ˫סҶֱۣʾ⣬һǿ׳ġ
ҶЦϰ嵱˼ƿơƳʱá˲ǣԼƺ˵
޳֮ͽҶﰵ˷ۣ𿾴ҪԡͻȻһֻ˹ϵĿ˹ȥֵĲ䣬Ҧ
ոѾտǮǮˣЩǵ¾ƲˣûϵˡҦĲЦ˵ţǴտ
ҦҶڵվָҧгݡôˣҲǸĵģȻǻͬǻᣬͲֵòˡ
ҦҧһڿʱùǺ͵ؿæ˿ơƸѹȥɫؿҶգﰵ룬ôĶǻô࣬Ҫˡ
ҶҦķӦŭʱЦˣȻŤͷ䣬ЦݻޣתǣȻϲ͸úˣɱ˷ˡ
գˣȥطҳԣ˸ǰˣߡЦӦǵ˳ȥûȺС
仹ΪҶͻȻԼЦ㶣ӦѾˡ˵Ļ俴ЩտϹس鴤š̾һȻҡͷһЦ˭Կһء
䣬ԼȾưɡҦ̾˿ȻʧЦǣûùӳԵġ
ûùӳ԰ɡһƿƣ˱Ц⣬ζ˵
ǺǡҦһ̾ƽʱŹɣҲǸƢš䣬ʧЦڹƶΪǰ˾гɼڼ˼棬ҲûǴθҺɫ
Ҧֺ˿ھƣ˵֪ƢҲô󡣡ЦЦԸ񣬸ҰҺޣֱˬϣԾ˰ɡ
ֻгɼҿǡ˵ţͻȻסɫ˲䰵Լ˺ԸԼز˰ɡ
ҦɫԽԽԾʱõ򣺡䣬Ϲ̫ࡣҾù㻹ǱȽرġ
Լ˼гԵüô˵
㿴ɣ嵭ģȻųһֱгɼҦЦЦ˵Ը񣬲ϲһˣ˰ɣ̬䣬ᡣͲͬŭģÿ˶ֵԴģǻɡ
ţ˼Ƭ̣˫˲ʣʱüЦ
İɣҦҲЦȾưɣܴġ
ϽЩ˰ɣȻС椻ҪˡҦһԼҲѽǹġ
ӹᣬüͷšţûԹôĶٴҶ˵ĻʱΣ˹ƾǹġһ죬ʱͨ죬ҿ
ȿھѹѹҦơƣǺЦǱߵģȾƳԴ
ҶߺҲûʲôãԾͲ£Ҳûʲô˵ġտԳ̣
ճ̣ЩǣҦԲģǳЩտ᲻Գѽ
Ҷţһ٣ò飬漴ҡҡͷݺݵ˵أã˭ôɶšֵһۣ׼ۣҵġ
ޣðɡ˺ܿЩ飬û˹ţɳسСԡ˳Ա㣬ԭ·أߵˡ
ҦںüƿơƵİڰЩտϡڵϲϢֳ̾Ϊʲôߵˡ
Ҷ˻ʱ򣬿ҲֽƿһѣͲɵó˳顣˷ۣ߳һתͷȥ
˿תߣεЦҲȥصûпҶѳӵãҲȥ
Ҷһôˣ˸ŵһۣɫõ
Ȱͻ˼ңҶϵĽ·ͣõض˵Լ򳵻ؼҰɡ
Դϳ֮󣬾һֱڱĿҶš
ι䡣ҶֽһûӦŤͷ䣬Ծͱ۾˯ˡ
ι䣬ûСһ£ɼӴ
һ΢Ųӣһ;ûܡ
ιôˣҶоЩԾ򿪳ơ۾ţüͷšţҲǽš
Ӻʹӣһţƽʱӵѽһ£ôˣ
ţЩθۡ΢΢۾˵
θۣôθۣ
ɫĵƳһۣЩԵġ
Ҷʱһҭʲô͵صһۣյܳʲôܰȻֻһǼȣڲ˵ѾǺˣǻЩտˡ
λϣɫѿίؿҶţʱѿƲ뵽θ۵Ǻܵģ𣬿ôã֪
ǽȵģֵ˻ǻá

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޹ЦЦһЦǣθ͸ˣֽš֮ǰʱж۰޷ᣬһۡ
ܾͱЦˣѿˡҶһ䣬Ҳŵ⿪ȫҪ³ȥҩŵ㡣
³Ƿסôˣȥ򰡡
ҵ⸽θ۲ҩôУҶɨ˸һۣö궼Ѿˣ߰˺ڵģʱüҪҴȥҽԺ
ãǿʹ˵ҺܽˣϴҽԺǿҩ𣿡
ҶŶʱǰһҲǣҽԺҩûôءﵽԼҲͼӵĳ̣æ˳ã뿪
Ӻ󣬳ڵͣҶһæ³ܹ俪š
俴ǼеӣůڣЩĻŭҦ˵ĻǶԼȽرģԼġ
뵽ˣǲԾ鼫ΪáҶ򿪳ţӲɵһ㶣Цʲô
һŵЦЦǷˮתҶһ漴ŭƲ֣ۣ߽¥ЦʲôЦЦԼߡ
ǺǡЦ˳ӸųʹŶӸҶ档סЦЦԾɲϣҶߣһ޵ӡ
ͣʮ¥ҶóԿ׿šŲſһС죬ƹߴʱһɵɻԼûصƣ
ڻϡϡش΢ҶʱﲻС͵˰ɡŤͷһۣʾ档
ЦգüҶῪ˽ȥŸմ򿪣һ忺ŭҶҹŻ쵽ȥˣ
ҶϤʱһ䵱˽ȥɳĳؿƬǸˣ۾ôˣǳãҶĹۣǸԼεعˡ
ôܻˣʣҶðҴ˺ü绰㲻ӣҶ˴ҹˡ˵Ҳڣȥ˻ˣ
Ҷһҭд绰һûشֻһĵվɳָſڣĿࣺ㡭ǡôһ𣿡һ仰˺ü˵˳ȻָŸս䣬һʱ
ϤˣһЦŸкߵĵһҶŭɵҶøҽ͡
Ҷʱͷۣ֪Ҫ֪Լ䣬һ𣬿϶᲻ӵģҲһֱŵԭ
Ҷø˵㡣üһεӣʱǺ˰ˣǰǸҪҪĳ˭뵽ڵҶŶۡ
׾ŵǸˣܲôոչƽ־һˣǡøۣۡ
Ͷ䣬һеӣҶһѣҶҹģ㾹Ȼ˻ŶӣǾͷչزˣˡ
Ǻݺݵس˳飬겻õӻû仯ͻôꡣüͷҶü˼ɫ졣һЦȻҲȤ֪˵ʲôȻ
ҶҲˣ־ֻڵģ֪ͲˡɲǺýɸЦЩյɣϹ˵ʲôأ
㵹˵˵ǲŹûϹԼ۾ῴ˵ӣ˳Ѿһʱˡ
˵šҶתȥǵԼҩʰˡ
㡭úݺݵҶҶƢԣһʱֻܸɵˡ˷䣬䣬ѹҧгݵؾ䣬Զ㡣
ӭĿ⣬ЦЦаȵüҪҿԽԽأ
ҪǸ֮ǰ˺Ĳ㡣öݺݵضﰵм겻ԽԽģˡУÿ뻢ˡ
Ȼ֪е뷨ǰͲʹģǻⱲˡ
ߣ֪֮ͺáüɫ谵һ
һҶҩ˳ɫòƲõӣüÿҩǰš˸ӣȻȥñˮ
ðҩ˿θۣ䲻ҩӹҶˮ
ߣȻҶᣬҶȥտˣ
ҶʱЦˣһۣǹ𣿡տûϣֻճһ±ߣⶼųǹʲô
٣Ҷ̫˼ˡգѹҴһϵ绰㶼ӣң
ҵ绰һûҶʼ磬ҪȥðԩţǺܡù顣
۾ţ˵ԩ㡣һֻ¼ǰҧгݵرԹһϵʳˣ񼫡
ҶֻһʱûĺðɡųõĻſ輸Ѿɢ˺öʳ߰ġʱɴ۾ιãҲ̫˰ɣǿһܵĴ
ߣһûء÷һǰۣΪȻתݺݶƣ㻹ߣ
Ҷǹùġ䣬ɫǺܺãʱŽûҲͦùġöˣһֱǡ
䵭Ƴ˳һֿۣҶһΣҲЦˡæվҶ˵Ȼȥˡ
Ҷͷſڣ˼䡣ÿȥյ˹ȥعšȻҶ˻Ȼʼʣһ˵Ͳˡļơ
Ҷֻ̾ðѴӳ䵽¸˵ˡô˵㲻Ҳջˣ۾ɵø֪֮̾£˵Ե֡
Ҷͷȷʵѽǹ˾һĿĿչΣܻлġ
ʵ˵ʣһΪѾʲôء
Ҷ΢΢ʹĿ⵭ȻЩ谵ԼǰϵʽжˣԼ˷ӡǻһҲ֪ԼĽԼ
㡭һ֪㼸겻˽ģЩһۣôҲ޳ġԼҲһ̾һ
Ҳ֪˳ȻͺˡҶЩƣͻȻЦЦοԼ
߳ͻȻվ˳Լİ߻Լķ䡣
ι㻹û˵ôͻȻͻأҶߣҲβ档
ʲôͻˡ˴ҹˣ˯˵꣬Ҷſ⣬ֹš
ιʲô˰ǡҶ⣬߷һ䣬תԼķ䡣

Ů

ڶ죬һȥҶڡ򿪷ţҶıӣѣϽҪȥ裬㣬
ҶϱͻȻһᣬϮ˼ʱѣʲôŸջͷ𣿡ҶӣӣŸվŵӣô˯ˣһҪ˯
СֳıӣҲĩҪȥֳԶ㲻֪Ǳ߶ˡ
ðҶһߴ٣һȥ¹·Ҫڿжڿ졣Ҷ˲ץǶϴȻ󱻳š
ȥȪɽׯӿңָ·ҶɴֻۣԵ⻶ϲ̬֮ϸѾλˡ
ҶǵۣԤıˣѹִҹĶҪҶϴθڱȪɽׯЩɢʱü漴ҡҡͷǱЩˡ
ҶƳۺӾֳѾںϱ˯߳һˣǺαأҲԼҶѾüˡ
ȻЦһ绰գȻˣ˶ӦһЩɡСʱ֮Ů˼ڱȪɽׯ¥
øһӾˣ˵Ц໥㵥ҶʳֳԵñȽϸӣһҲûʲôرӦһ͸޼ɵ
Ů˵һԵģһ߳һ߱ԹԼһйֹ¶ۣûгԵġֶģ
ãûȤҶۣҲ֪˭Ը£ϲصعȥġ
㲻Ҳ𣿡÷޷ޣοԼ˵Ҳˣûġ
ҶƲƲ죬ɵúЦñǱˣӶѧڣѾϷˡԻϷʳĻӰ죬صӦˣѾͬòˡ
취£ҪҶĲ湤ˣð
߳ȥ׻ѣΪ߾ߵѽҶһۣɵô
ߣҲף֪а취ġ
̫ˣ´С㡣ҶʱЦˣи߲ĸλô׵ġ
ҶöݺݵصۣҧгݡͱЦҲ̫˼ˣ˵ЩĵˣٲԾҪʱˡ
ñ߳ű߶ҶۣҶ֮ЦˣǲײǽͷǸԳԿࡣҲڰ尢̽Ǽҵްĺѽ
ƢÿȥҲ죬ܿǲ顣ʱ䵽֮˳Ա㣬תصطƤ
ףⲻҶɣζ㡣øտ³ͿҶ˹ʱк
ҶҲãòԵشкֲԩ·խżһҲ
Ҳ𣿡΢ЦһԼ·ʵ
Ҷüͷźۼһ£Լû쵽زɡǶһ£ۣϸϸŶŮ
һɰŮװ磬ɫȹС黨˵ĳֱ磬ŵױϹŽЦݡһ˵ӣôΪġ
һᣬջߣһҶüʾ⣺죿ʲôʱƷζҲˣ
Ҷ΢ҡҡͷ΢΢ЦǼһģҪȥˡҶֵͷʾҪȥ˵һ仰Ųסͬʱá
รп𣿽Ҳ衣ÿǰһ޵ı飬ﲻɵúЦǹ΢ЦûӦ͵ˡ
ҶŵضãȻͣɨһȦȻڽ俴ɫԽҰʱһ
ոʱæŽѳãҲûע⵽ǸͣŵλãȻû硣Ҷ䣬ͽš
ͻȻ뵽ϴÿĳӣǰС̲ס룬һ
ҲϳĳӣҲˣղҲûѽҲɻѣãֿҶЩʱ
ðҶ鿴¶ʱҧϴ;ԴҶǱȽ϶صġһԹƺֻһҶûˣ磬
俴ԼһۣԼǹʹֱӡĳĿֻҪͺ޵ҧϼŴС㣬ûԼοǻԼˣ͸ʲǿˡ
һʲô£֪ҲҾ͵θڣûˡƳһۣҶǰߡ
˼ףͻȻصһҶļŭģۣ˵ûôţŮԼ궼ûˡ
ҶʱʹŲջ˼ɫõصüͷʲôûðɣԵ޹ʱ
˵˼ˣûϢ
𣿡ҶɫֻһʱЩﲻˬĺðɡʲôȨҲûȨʲǡɫҲ˼֣ߺߣ˳һۣš
ߡò˵ƹǰҪϳ
ѽⲻϴĹԢ￴ĳ𣿡ò֪ʲôʱҲҶŵĳӣʱ𾪡ͷðһ뷨仹ѳ͸Ҷˣ
õϳĶͣ׷վڳǰƫͷü˶ЩΣЦȣҸտҲЩ棬ϴպÿĸ˵ʲôʱ³ǰܼأǺǡ
ѳ͸ˣʵѾǻ顣Ҷɫ嵭ߣԼĳӣʲôʱɱ͵ˡ
̫ˣǼҹҪһҪͣЦֳʲôǣָ磬ʲô۽硣߳һȻѾÿĳЩ˵ĵУϳš
öʱ˿΢üͷлɻ󲻽⣺ģҶĳôڵʲôϵ
С㻹ʲô𣿡ҶɫȻõı鿴ЦԼˡ
Ǻǣû£ѵ˵˵ѡһЦǰҶֱۣ΢Цϴηĸ˵㳤ƯҪܸһ飬ɲŮòء
Ҷ۾գգɵЦˣֻͨѶѡ΢΢ƶӣԼֱʹͷѳҡ
รҲǣĸ۹⻹ǱȽ޵ģһֱҸͥ൱Щġһ̾˿˵ЩͻΣʼ磬Ȼ̬֮ϾļҾʵǺܻġ
Ҷ˲һ䣬վֱ壬Ƴ󣬺ȻЦҲǣļҾһ˻ʲϡ

ʹ

ûʲô飬ǾˡҶ΢ͷ˼ʻ˲ŹϸһС
бӣſں϶ãҲܺǰŮ˭˵ĻֺϤӡ
ʶôҲûмѽ,ŮĪعҹ˵ҲǺѽ
˫֮ƶһ˿ͻȻѣʱɴ۾
ǼһùİɣԼԵô飬ǼһﾹȻ̫ˡ
ְͻȻҰ˹˲ΪʲôԼÿ˶֡
ո־ѣҶȻֱʱŵǡҲ֪ΪǸˣΪҶ
ƲƲ죬굽ᣬԼûȤˡ
¥俴Ҷ˴һ¥˳ȥʱϲ벻ǽҲ衣
ڣϼŶ³ͺĵΣѵĩһĻ̸⡣
˸˵ǣ伱æ˳ҶߵķȥͣøҶ˵һĺݺһ׶֮ʹرӽӲųʻȥȥ׷ȴôҲŲŲ
ôΪļͥǸü˲ųȻһЦƳǳǰٴصѹͷϡ
üԶЦգһĨŪ밵ϲ΢촫ʱת͵һ
ԼظЦһʲôʱģˣôûҰָ˵ţ˼ȥ
ջ߿ã庮ֻһ۱ƲתԼĳȥ
䡣ü˵һˣæȥĵ׻ˣô𣿺ôǻͬѧѽ
㲻ǸҰְ𣿡Խסޱ޶ȵʱֱŵˡûмӵ䣬ѵղ˵Ļˣ
˫ĺ޵׶һİ͵شߴǱ̹ǣ棬ԼȥҰɡ
ô˺þãعĳѾˡҧģ˫ֽ߬ţ䣬ôҡ
ϣõŭáشͷŰøһͨȻìͷҶѵ֮ûϢ
Ҷɫ嵭ͲһʣؿĳӡһһĵشҶﰵĨãҲ̫ǿˡԺ˭Ǹ˳Բ˶ߵġ
˵ÿڸҲû˻Ӧһ۾ͿҶǵĮı飬ˣιҶҸղ˵ĻûԺҿޣҿɲİ
ûս꣬͵һɲŹǰײһ£عŭҶ㣡
Ҷѳͣ·ԣȻȫԼĶ˵Լȥɣȥ˯ˡ꣬ƿſ˳
ιҲ³æסҶѹˣҲ˵ôܲסˡ
Ҷͷ̾˿ûУֻǺ˯ľúۺۣæµһܵĹûôϢ
ƭңҵ۾ɫȻãԼ۸ô
ã֪ǹҡҶ̾˿Ц֪ԼʲôֻǺۣİæˣҲûܺúϢ
һüȷʵƣ֮ɫ۾ΧӰҲͷŹҶһѣˣȥ˯ɣԼСȥߡ
˵꣬굽￪뿪ˣҶһվ·ߡЦ⳵ؼҡ
Ҷصңͷ˯Ҳ֪˶ãгһķű򿪣üҴҵ˽ҪקѣǱиĿس¹Ѱ˯
üһջKţӵ˾绰ͼæܻˡҶһ¹˲侪ѣЩãųãĻһʲôˣ
ѽϽϿȥҪһ˷ɻȥü˵ţ˳ȥصԼʰ
áҶҲŻţæ¡߳ţôӷ˳ߣᵽϣٸ˵
֪ǱиĿڹʩװ޲ϺȻ£˹ˡ˵󲻴˵СҲСǱ߷ֹ˾ΪȻҪӦΡΪǱĿһ飬ʱż
ѳ͵;УҶֱ绰ȥ˹˾һ˾Ҷͱܽȥˡ쵽أܹ˾ҲΪżãӰܴ
ҶԹȥ˳Ǳߵտ켰ܽṤҲˡҶ飬ԴܼһְЩ鶼Ǳġ
ϰ˵㣬Ҷӹ˾ߵ˾ſڣſڲԶ̸ˣ͵ͣס˽Ųۿ׺ݺݵ
ʱܵ˼ʹ֫ϮֽŽӲ˪ƣ۲ڲ֮һ
ҶϷŵЦݣͻȻһ˫ۡ·Լֻص˼ǰԭȹ˾һ¡
ǻԼڰӣʱվܾԼ⣬Ҳְ棬Ҫһ֮뿪˾
ͬӨӨպ÷ֵǸ飬ͬºչˣԶܿ˵ϸԴŮӻǱȽرģÿÿֻЦӣǻ谵ʹ
˵ãֻŭﲻѡôӨӨʹһ޾ʹ̶ˡ
룬֮Լǡ룬ԼȻָоľ˹ҶȻԳһЦ˵öԣûϢ̶
ô죬ôûϢҶתڵ̳ȥ
ӵʱѾվҶ˾ſڵˡÿÿҶ뿪飬ľͻ飬ż尾
ݺݵعҪҶ绰Ǵ˺ö飬˶ûн絶˵绰գ֪ǹ˾飬㳡
һСʱҲûп˳ӨӨպ·˾̸˼䡣ԶľͿҶ˳ӨӨкȴҶŤͷߡʱţæ׷ȥ

ֱ

Ҷ̳ܽŴﾪź£û뵽Ҷټˡ
ҶǺݺһţŲЩһţæ˷¥ȥ
Ҷ

Ŵ꣬ϷݸҶһסֱۣɫЩѿɵúҶûڽ𣿡
ҶͻȻסʱһŲĲȾҪˤȥҺæס˰֡滺˿ҶվֱӣƳһֱϵ֡
һʱ鼱ҶˤˣҺû¡̧۱㴥ҶĿ⡣ĺȻ䵽ȵףҶ˪ǰ˵Ļ˺
Ŵ꣬ɫڳĶҶΣСɿ֣
Ҷջߣһ¥ݣ侲ظ󡣵¥Ҷֱһ޷װȥϾҪԶˣЩʵ·ӦǱ¼ȵ
ӭ١С㿴һԿŮ˽ʱϲӭҶͷŵСȥѡ·󣬲ɵüͻȻô޷ˣ
Ҷܿѡ˼·¼λھǰȶԡб¼ԣסõɫǼȽϺÿ
ҶƳһۣĬȻԼԱȡСԱЦͣʿ۹ǲõɫıȽʺ㣬ǼɫҲҶһᣬѡ޷׵ñӣףΧȡ
һСʱ֮󣬹̨϶ҶѡԱֿ˻ɵôȤҶС㣬ҪȥѽòŴЩ·ġ
šҶӦҪ
䱾ڵͷ˼͵̧ͷæ˹סҪȥȥ족ͻȻ˼䣬Ǿżеɫڳ㶡
Ҷһ㶵ؿƬ֮Ʋ֣ͷͳǮóԱ
㡭ǲԼʱضҶһϲ£һĮӡ
֪Ҳһˣֻû뵽֮󣬴󵽶֮嵭Įͬİ·ݺݵذԴĸ׳ʲôӣˡ
ΣΡͻȻЩ̾һסҶ֣ǮóһſƬݸԱˢſԱ㶣ӹеĿ
ˢţˢŵĻЩ·ҶҪˡҶʱüӶԱ嵭
ſ˲һںڵ˫ӿŭضҶûһ˿ƵڣҶãųôֻĲ͵תȥ
ҶĺȻܿƵͻ˼£ָǲ˲ƤסɫְѿݸԱˢɡ
ԱһʱѹסҶĻСˢ˿ȻҶװ·
Ҷ·öĿ⣬ʱͣ˽Ų侲վ˫۽˳̧˹ȥ
Ҷʹۣ޳˫ߵԼǰë˲ͻȻվǰڹ尾ܡ
ǰǾܾԼΪǰ㡣̧ͷǾؿĿԣһ˫ӿŸһ˫徲ûһ˿
䶢Ҷ¸кö໰֪οڡҶȻƲӿŲ¥ȥȻº£䡣
ߵ㳡⣬̹ǣҶ˿о⡣貵ֺƣȻ˫ۡΪԼǼǿģ⼸ԼдƴٿۣҲѪˮʵġ
Բ𡣡ִ˸սӶʱӲΪԼǻˡ
Բǰ俴ǰǵֱӰ˼ӿֶ˶Ỻ¿ڣǰ˺㣬ǶԲ𡣡
һᾢͻȻӿͷҶֻñһǹᾢ˫̵ۣ۷죬ۿˮ
ڸԼǸ񶼻ǵǸ˵Բ𣬹ʵҪĺܼ򵥣򵥵İ飬򵥵ĻԲ𣬹㲻Ҫġ
ҪظĻҪһγʹҶ﷢Ͻ˫ؽӲţŲŲ
ûеõǰ˶ĻӦ谵ʹӡ򴽰ֻ꣬ڣԴ뿪ҲźȻԼһ飬ŷϲġ֮ÿ֮ҶܹӰʱҲ֪ԼףԼ̫̫ࡣ
仰䣬Ҷʱһ飬ȫѪӿͷҪ⡣ˮҲƲסȻ£һգ̵
ĶԲԭ𣿡ỽȻֱɲʱֵòԼ
ѵԼİ˵̫ǻزǰѵҲô´ʹȻſ˫ְҶڻ˵ӵۡ
ͷļϣһٴѾܿסԼˡųңӱңңԭңһҪϲ㣬㣬Ҫ㱧ڻ˵ô졭ȻؿҶļϣ͵š
Ҷ˫ֺȻ·ӵॵأʯȻȫҲ߻ص˵Ļһֱŵˮӿ¡
һει̵ˮ£ϣһ˲侪ѡæҶתˮҶʱʧ룬˫ֲȥϵˮھΣԲ𡭡Բ𡭡㲻Ҫˡ
ԽĨԽ࣬ЩˮǲҪһӿ¡ҶԺ˫ۣ飬ֻǾţ޴룬ھεҲƲסԼͻȻʿ޳
˺òãһ쵰Ҷã˺ôҶԭȿ޵øˣôֻ۵޴룬һѽҶرڻ˺òã
ůĻҶֲ˲֫ӲᣬȴôҲֻ̧ܿҡҡͷˮͣ
Լ⼸ʵһ뵽Щ飬ôֹס仹رԼպظһ
ίǻϲܿƵسҶҪЩί޾һˮʪ·
˿޵øˣԽ˵Խ޵ļ飬ֻƿҶСزĨϵᡣ
ƽ˫γ˫Ѿ޵úףһһģȻʹͷ˫Ҷȥ

鼱

ȻļգȴġСҶüۣҪЩǾԽˣҶԽǿ޵
ǵԼһ̣Ҷֻȫϸֹͣʧȥ֪ܸдĨĴ꣬ǳǳˡ
ҶգգۣҪǰŴỹǲҪýԼǿ޴ˣҲżȥˣʱ
оڱЩһ٣鼱˼㣬ְҶ˻Ĵꡣ
Ĵд΢΢⣬ҶĿȻֹʱ˫ۣ֫ʱʧȥ֪ؿǷŴôǿ塣Կʼ磬Լ
ĻѪҺʱˣԼϵˮҲ˲ôˡֻǴ꽿Ϣе㣬˳
Ҷţ䴫ůȣѪѾ𾪵˷Ӧ
о˶ӽӲɵü˿˿Ұɵ˿˵أ̽˽ȥݽڣʱʱ࣬ƷǸá
ܿ촫ĸоҶ֫ҲŲδΣһʱ䱻ǵγٴϢšͿ޵ԼҪϢˣȫ
ҶܿƵؽץֱƿǽر뿪ĻᡣоԼȴǣᣬꡣ
𡭡ҶԾȴ䣬ӶҪЪسҭţԼҪˡ
Ծʶ˵ĲʣֻǴ˽һٳԼس١ĽһȫҪ̽롣
Ҷܣһʱ鼱ҧһ¡ʹʱѣ˫۾ͼҶæƲٵ
ʹھΣܵӣæı˳ȻѾֹͣ˿ǻڲͣسҭţӭŵƹ⣬ἣ֡ˣȻץ΢
䡭롭𣿡ҶǼǳҭһֻԼؿ˳һֻֽץûţԼȥˡ
ôˣǼҲ˲Լϵʹŵشֲϵἣ
㡭ҶղŵΣ϶ʱաԼڿ϶ѿˣҶ˸ˡƲȻоһɻȵϢٵԼϣ˵ȵ÷̡
Ҷæƿ˼ǽŲĲȣ˽µĴӣҪˤȥ
ջ㶵ؿյͻȻƿתۿҪˤأּæǰס˻
ҶعҪ˫££øˣֻ˵һɣòã
ҶһǵɲǼһᣬ˫ӯˮĶʱģ⼸ůĶĪ˵仰ˡԭ⼸ҲǸԼһģҶȻ⼸Լٿۣĥ㲶ֵõġ
òãֱͷҶͷһģҲûĻӦ
òã²ȷ־ʵҶԾɲ֪ƿҶԼҶȻ
ҶǻϲսӣѾʪ·ؿܹĸдƵʣԼһҡе˿̵飬ҶůڵģĻһů
ҪӦô̧ͷҲ֪ʱضǼѿģ۾ӿ޵úףɳƣˮҲͣסĳʣʱյͨʵڲԼˣˡ
ͻȻƣҶͻȻ˫ֻرԴؿڣʱʱز˲䡣
ʱˣǣ㶵صͷŻеˣһʱ˷Ӧ
֪˶ã˫ۺȻ買ǲܿصعٹϲźϲ£кȻϲļֱǽˣ
Ŀůÿγˮ˫££ҶݽһٽͷؿҶааعȻЦڱŤô
Ҷţ̫ãЩͻȻЦ͵תԽöǺ˻ЦظͨˣЦԼ
ˣҶЩƣϸ͵һ󡣡ǺǡоһۣʱЦԽЦԽģûջ֮ơ
׼ЦˡҶ͵̧ɳһ塣ҶʱսԼֻݺݵĵ䣬ôЦ
Ǻǡ䱻ҶסˣӭŵƹѾɣĿ΢׵Ծ걻ǵЩףۡһӣһϡ
ǴӦ˶԰ɡ̲סᣬĿˣŨŨĻϲ
ҶؿбůůڣҪе顣գգ۾գգȻƲƿתߣûСŲҪ䣬˵ġ
ǡ뿪һͰҶ˻˳ȥ
£ǳˡ֮ǰӲҶ꣬ӭҪĵ鴫ݸҶϸ
ҶкȻ˿˿̴Ҷ΢üȻ֮ǰԼ鼱ҧһڣǸҧˡʱֺۣ˺죬Ҫ
ͣ£ְ££뿪¡̽룬ֱиƷŷſҶѾＱ
˼꣬һЩһЩ˵ߵһ𡣹㳡ϣ֪޾ʱ˿ֻ̣б˴ˡֻ˴ӵĴϢб˴˵
ҶĻůůЦݣϲԼģһǣﱧŵģѰҵȺ׷Ҹڽֵ϶ת˼꣬ѰӰ뻳
áãῪڣ˳Ҷĺ󱳡
ҶЦŵͷԴֲ˲䡣ǰʪһƬǰ޾Լģͨ·ˡ
Ǻǣû£ֻҪ㲻ٿ˾ͺáůůЩЦʵ벻ôܿޡЩһֱģܹظܵõȻҲ˷Ӧ첻ԼԼԼ
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ӶˣҶӹһǺȻüҲȾЦ⣬ͷʵ
ҶۣҲЦһɲǶӶ𡣴°ൽôã⿪Ƕˡ
ǾȥԷɣҲöˡЦζֹסƴﵽ˲ݹһͳ˧ƲˡҶˣǴЦ⡣
ѵϵĴӼȻҶȥҶһֱԼĻϲЦɵôȤǲͻȻҳú˧
ҶƲһ漴뵽ʲôʱͣסŲحеı΢ЩεʵղͺˣҪҪ
䱻ͣ½ŲҶ۶ʱ⡣Ҷֽ˽ĳζ΢ЦҪҧζûйϵ
Ҷһ죬ƲʲôʱҲ˵٩ˡҧʱԼܣ뵽ԼćҶʱ𲻿æɿյϽߣҶˡ˵ţҪԼĳȥ
ȥѽһգʱü˫ֱģȴůůġϸĴ̰ϲ̤ʵůҪסһӵ֣Լûؾͱɿˡ
ҶԼĳӣæ׷ȥֽҶסҵĳӰɣĳӾȷˡ
Ҷͷü˵УҾͳȥˣ⳵Ҫؼҷš
֣һҶ£˹ԹȥҪȥð֮ǰҪȥѾļˡοǸһʱᡣ
ҶǲᣬҲûа취ְڡôһʱᣬҶѾܸоõŨŨ⣬Ҳ᲻Լ뿪ġ
Ҷ῿̧ͷȥ֣ڵķֹ˾Ҳȥ¡ÿ궼Ҫ˹ȥģͻ£ǰҪȥѡ
ôʱ䡣䲻ɵñԹѹҪů·Ѿѩˣúܡ
ȥԷɣĺöˡҶʱЦ仹ǱŤÿɰʵ˿ȥģ칫ҲƵûŵġûȥôԶĵطǸֺϲġ
߰ɡǲǵģҲ֪ûа취λıְҲģÿ¶Ҫ
ҶȻԿ׸䣬Լ˸ϡźö˳ʱеҪԺóԵġ
áЦȷʵóЩóԵףһ¡
Һö⣬ҪȥõĵطҶֲ˵
϶һ٣뵽ʲô΢΢һЩζƳҶһۣЦҡҡͷװµ
ҶȻųʲôءĳҪ佫ҶһҺʽݡ
ȻҶ˵ǶûţһǶûšô⣬Ǻݺݵس˳飬ɵЦȻҶ⿾ֳ
Ҷ˸ʮ죬տǰӵⶼԻˡԺҲҪʳˣ޷ݵӡ
۳ؿҶľʮҸ̤ʵʵǺģ׷òҲֻô򵥶ѣһ
һ㣬޷⣬ΪʲôͬǳԻóԵôԲֺôôأھ˳
ҶƲƲ죬ܳǸ֪ɣôԶԲ֣˵Ǹиˣɡ
ǶиˡЦŸͣҶȥҶɷϣҲû⣬Ŷͷ
ҶͻؼУְڻɳϣ͵᣺Ҳȥˣòã
ƹ˻֮ҶһʱӦŮѼΪֻñŤҪŻǺΪġҶڵŲŲŽӡ
Ҷ΢üͷ̧ƤɵüﲻȥԼûҪչˣмҲظ
Ц⣬ƽʱ壬ɵŮӣǻЩСŮҵκߵıŤģġĿᣬ΢ͷҶ΢һڣаȣ˵أ
ȵϢͻȻϣߵĻҶʱ͸ˣͻȻŲͻȻǲŸտʼûеǸزɡ
ţ俴Ǻ͸ʱЩԳˡֻһʼֻѣѪҺҪӿˡ
Ҷдԭůĺ󱳿ʼʱһ˳ѾһˣϽȥɣҪȥ˯ˡ
ͻȻһգ俴ҶҴҵȥ㶣ۿҪ˷䣬ȻЦ˳Ũüааʲôˣ
ҶŲһӽֱаȵЩҧгݣɵð㻹Ͻؼҡ
ǺǡЦվҶӰ˹Ȼ˵㲻Ҫҽ㣬ѵң
ҶȷʵҪ²ܼأҲġǸסһǺܱŤģǻûҶһ졣
ţôȻͷĶͷЦ⣬Сʵ
ҶͨԼѾȵѿˡ΢̾治˵ƤҶüͷʹƤЩŵ˵㡭˯ɳϴһ
Ҷ䣬ҶĶͷ͵͵ЦϹ⻪貣ұ˵˯ɳѽʲôѽƻ졣
Ҷ͵̧ͷЦӣʱŭ룬˯ɳȥݺݵصۣƿ䣬ˣأˡ
˳סҶ֣ĴꡣǣδǺ˫˵ľĴĳ١
Ѱ꣬ܰڻ˵ܣôܽ⼸˼֮ࡣȻ׽׽ԼǿġȵĸԸȵȵ鲻Խʱ
һǲ֮дŨŨ⡣鶯Ķֱǵ飬˲ͣſϴϢ
֪˶ã俴۹ǽϵӱšüͷһǽ֮лŨŨĲᡣ˵̰뵽ôӷ룬ʱɥǰ
ȥ˯ɣѾˡ
Ҷӱ˵ͷѹԼͻȻоۺۣԭôˣ˸Ƿȥ˯ˣҲ˯ɣ
ţΡĿᣬصؿҶ˷䡣̾˿ɳȥغǿѽֻ˯ɳˡ
䣬ȵȡҶĽʱϲתͿҶһӴӷϲ⣬Ц
ŵ㱻ӡҶЦӣ㶣ȻƳһǰ·ЩΣ·ϴǴˣҰϴˡ˵꣬Ҵҵػ˷š
ҶűظЦ˳֪ҲôɵʱЦҡҡͷ·ϴ˯һҹΡ

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ǼԽ⿪ﻶ۱ȣҶһ˯൱㣬ʱ̫Ѿô̻۾ۣ˸ס̾˯˸ˡ
Ǻǡ͵͵ЦҶʱŵ˳ȥбƮɳϿ飬յӣòѾ˺þˡ
仺̧ͷů⣬ɨһۣЦ˯˸ˣٲҪɢˣ˯Ҳ湻õˡ
Ӱ˵Ӿˣȥͻֵһӻֻ֮ýˡǺ˯񾲵ӣԼֲĴţƮָɵһӡ
ҶһɨЩڣͷһԼİѾ¶˳ʱһæϱӰԼסȻԼ˯˯յĺðɡ
ˣʲôҶɵεۣʲôʱģԼȻ֪ʲôʱ˯ôˣ˽֪޾
ĶЦ˯ôôá
ҶʱһץԵС䣬ҧ䣬㲻룬֪Ůӹ뷿ļҽ̶ȥˣ
ǺǡӹСվԼЩӲӣҶŭĿᣬ̧򴲱ߡ
ιվסҶס
ʱվסҶһӣСͷ۲ӯӯضҶֺ̾Ц㲻˰ɣڿŮˡ
ҶǶʱ΢΢𣬵ʲôϵֱüźߣ
ҾЦЦߵ߶ʱһ飬ҶһСǺղ˲䣬ЦŮѱܵĹϵѵҪҲң
ҶһһеСܣû˿ڣء
ҶʱһƿЩ޷ǵۣȥҪ𴲴·ˡûǸƤһǰ𴲣ҲУǺܲڵġ
㻹ȥҶ̧ۼЦӯӯؿԼֺûƤ񡣴ڣѾʶüˣ֪ôô
۾Ҷ˶𪣬ںھֺߵӣʱճȻĿÿԵγˮ
ȥȻҲˣϽȥҶһֱؿԼӶʱգڱˡ
䱻ߵþѣǼӣǺЦһշҲٶȤȥε̾ȥͣˡ
˳ȥҶֹ˼䣬ȥŹϣȻϽ·ϴ
ҶʰԼ֮󣬳űѾڲϳǳ˳飬ôҲ֪𡣷˷ۣҶҲҧһڡ
͵ͳˣ廹ǲáЦ⣬ζضҶҶɵƲƲ첻Լѵ˯˻ôôࡣ
䲻ͣضȤҶӺǺЦ໥죬ĥĥǰͳԱˡ
ͣҶʰѲðײãƽʱųóԶԼʰҲѵ˴͡Լǻ˷ʰ·ӵķɻ
ҶôûȥôԶĵطûڶʱȥǱ߿϶䣬ѩ׷ɣۣ붼ú
ȰҪĺʵů·ñΧѩѥƷȶӵ˴ϣȻһһ߽߰ģǺݺݵس˳飬Ҫ𣿡˲õŴôණ
ʲôңҪ㲻˰ɣҶ߳һͷҲ̧ϲƤһһ
üͷֽʰЩô𣿻˵ܻϲ
;ΪãӶװꡣ仰䣬Ҷʱһ˿ϵĶֿ˿ӣòơ
̾˿ָŴϵ·ף滻ϴ·ЩͿˡָɨҶõ˶˵ϴƷԹȥѽòǱðˡ
Ǳ߿ǺġҶɻüŴôô
ˣȽ䣬ںů͵ģůʱЦƽʱôܸɵĸˣӾͲˡ
ǺðɡҶó·˵װְ֮ó··ŻعȥãѾˡ
Щ˷ܹͷ˻ȫû;ľѽܸ졣ʱԹˣҶ˹ڻƵ˵ô˰ôңǿа¼ء
ҶۣԼЩ˷ܹͷˣЦ˵˷ЩģһûԶأ˵Ǳװ׵ѩѩƺƯء
뿴ѩԺǿһȥҶļƳͻȻһתھһȥϽϽ֪𣿡
ҶʱЦô֪ճˣǺǾЦ˳
ЦʲôЦ˵ĺġøϽоһҪѽƤݺһµģ᲻ãǺݺݵشҶͷ
Ҷʱǰ˵̸˶̵ģҲɡǲſʼ̸ûȺأ˾Ϳɵˣ붼úЦ
׼ЦˣûĵġЩգҶӣͷס졣

ĥĥߴ֮ʹҶȥ˶ٷȻȥ˻ʱѾĵ룬æƱ
˰촦ֱ˱ҶǵġҪ绰ţƵҶʱôһͱˣǾúܿĺҸ˵ţá
绰֪޾Ҷüͷ΢ĵ绰ӳԷʱ쵽ˣӵ绰ɣ˵мء
ᡣֻ뾲رҶſµʱѽѰ
Ҷ˵ţһ£ҽȥ˹һġЦ˰죬Թĸվ￴ĨٻӰ
ֱҶʧҰ䳤̾˿óֻĨ´ʧüͷȥز˵绰
绰ͨһ𣺡СӣʲôȥˣϽûش𣬶ԷѹǶþˣǸû̫ˡ
̾һɫ֪裬ھͻȥ˵绰ұ

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䣬տַǷ˼ͥ۲֮⣬п˵Ǿһҡ
ķ˾ϼ̸ĿԽصĶһ͡
ʿΧŲ׮үү壬Σ飬Ķ³Ķ
ŮʿɳļҳĲĸϼĸ׷ø¾ꡣ
⳵ͬʱ⡣泵£һĺ˶һ
žͿһĨҴҵӰ˽΢һ£ȻֱQܵɳϣһѱסϼ䣬һˡϼŮ
ϼʱ˸ӣҳزˡϼ岻úУ¹˾û˹Űϥ¡һϼ⻳кֵŮȡ
ŮϼһڣֿѽԽԽˣˡ
ûûСôϽ򳤱ʺáϼΪŮͰЦЦ
ٺ١Ƥһһ˺ãȻܵ׮װүүְ֣˻˽ô磿
ºЦЦɳϼ˴к֮˲׮Ҳ
һ䣬׵ľˣҶûءϼЩζȤǺõĳ棬һ𳤴ľǲһͲǺȺ
ͷгæ˳ȥ϶ˡ
⺢ӡϼַ޷˾䣬ЦߣȥŪûС
ĸŮ뿴ſڡ¾ҲǸֺģڼһֱ˵ֵһ˲ţòܲղżϴòڳȣ紫ԣҲ֪϶ˣ
³߾ʹܵĽк磬һ㶣ûǰɹӰͱͻܱõ˼
Ϥ϶ʱ¶º͵Цݣ˴꿿ؿڵͷڷЦʲôʱģ
Ūͷѽͷɶϲң㲻֪𣿡æɿ㿪˼ɺߺߣëġ
ëѾͷôëꡣʱЦ˳ȥ
ǰסֱۣŬ죺˼ҿǸ·ɻģûѵؾͳӭˣϲİɣ
·ɻŲһ٣ƫͷôû㣿
ڻʱɴ˫ۣȥʱҲûпѽ΢΢һЦſЬ
ԣȻ쳤˲ᣬȻգ˫Цضơ
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Ӵʱϲñˣôϲˡϲ棬Ҫִ
ѽֹʲôôѽϼӳſţǺЦ
˳۾Ϲתů΢΢ЦŴк
ˣ˭ôˡϼһŤͷȥ׼ͷ
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ˣ˹˹ĵģʵǻСӡ˿佱ԼĶӣʱϲˣǫЦЦ
Ů𣿡¾ƳԼŮŷ͵ˣͶҲõ̸ʱˡ
¾꽻ͷӶؽ̸޷ΧŶŮ̸¡ԼһԸţʱʱʿǱȥ
һֱϲ䣬ζӣôϣߵԼѽ֪ЦôˣôůΪʲôԼʱô䵭ء
ʧǲģıӰݺ¶ġ
ڳ̸ЦĿѽҴһʩչĻᡣĶƳżˣЦζ֣Σ
ţҲġʹˣҲɲ˼ˣǸȭŵʱˡͷ΢΢̾Ϣ
ְ֡˹˼˵̸˿λ΢Ķ´ϣЦ˵ְ֣ĿҲæ𣿷ҸջعҲҪҹء
㣿ĶԼŮæͷʱȻһԼĶͷżЦޣԣ϶Сøڹ˸MBAǿԵġ
ǵȻˣҲڹ⹤һӵģйġЦü䣬ֶĶ˵㲻˵ӸҰŹҾȸŸĿô
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ţ͵̧ͷض䣺ܻרְоȻѾ˼ĿôĿҲ׾٣ڻˡ
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Ѿͷָ֪ʲôˣÿζصúܡϼƳŮӣһ䣬Цкò͡
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̨⣬Ҷ죬ºͣŶҶ˷ܵؽǱߵΣҲЦݣһϵĳƱĻЦȥ
˵绰ıĳ̨ٺ١Ҷˡһ۾ȥƤѲ
ּæסס뿪磬ٲҿҾ˰ʱﶼ֪ˣɱҰ
ͣס˽ŲͷǾļƣɵЦˣСѾͷлҽİɣû㲻ѧˣܺ
ͽͣв㻹ø硭
һգҶˮӦðӣͷܡ¿ɳˣŹæԼģºˣȲˡ
ҶҲԼߵģúõĥûˡԼǸǻѩСĸðˣʳЩϰߣһʱӦ˰ɡ
ˡҶڴϴļ̾ԼԽԽˣʲôʱ򶯲ܲˡ
ɲһûظͣ⼸տͷתˡŹȥţû뵽æʳʱ䶼ûС
ҶЦѾӹ̫ˣô¼ܰŰƤڵġ
ûѾ˺ö𣿡ֿʼԹЩ飬һҪȥˡ
ȦּˣɻĳŮվӣץԹ
ҶͷɻûѾˡ˼ԹϽѹ꣬Ҳȥء
ҶֻЩ⼸ոĶš֪ԼҲһˣӲ֪ԼҲ뵽ۡ
Ȼ⼸ԼҲʱĴ඼Ǿʱദʱ⣬ʹȷʵͬģʱҲۣɸڴ
ѵǰһ˵ĸоĶţͻڸʲôıΣΡĵ绰ǵ͵ԼĶĶ
ιҽûУñԹ˰죬ҲûҶŤͷҶֻɵЦһ˼حӡ
ֽһҶûлӦöʱüͷ˹¾ߵҶԱߣͷſֻ
Ҷ
һҶþѣعһܴؿԼ
ôˣֳʲôˣ⼸һһէġ
ˣòŵ˫۶Ҷ⼸ǾùЩԾòƸǰЩһˣ˵ѾıԼ̸ˡ
Ҷһ漴΢Ҹʵʱ˵ģȱˡͻȻ䲻֪θһᣬҶ˵ͷ
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ҶҪˣ׼Žܳõĸŭ˭ֻ֪Ǻһ˸ֻصϼɻ
Ҷգգۿųãû£û쭣Խˣ
ιãҶСغš
ĳûӦ
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𣿡ĳ߳
ҸһˡҶû˵

ҸһˡҶظ

ҡҶҪ̧
֪ʻţˣѵҲҪȥճճ𣿡͵̧ͷݺݵۡ
ҶǺݺݳ˳飬ʻţࣿҶЦ˳
Цѿˣûġöʱŭֿʼ޷ޣǻˣԺңȻԲ˶ߣߡ
ŭǾǲˣ
գҶҲЩҲͼȥ˾顣ֻǷֹ˾ҲһѽҶ˼գҲԭµʱ˼ա
ÿҶͨ绰šԹƵҶҲġĺԼԼҲ
漸չȽɣҶҲӦ˻ÿ°ʱ䣬þʹҶִ߽ҹŵʳ棬⼰ʳСԡ
ʱҴңҶܿͽĳ֮ãǼյ֣ЩġֻպԼӲ˼ʱ䡣뵽ôһ˻ڼ㲻ᣬҲҪȥġ
㣬ϼŰ칫ңҹ˾ĺĿЭǩ绹æŹ˾ĹֱϼǩԼ
ʱʱ˯òȣϢ㣬ʮᷳߣҶĵӷɻ͸סˡĿǩɣѵ˺磬Ҵȥ
䡣տſڣþ͸˳һ֮ǰСŮװ磬Ū˸бһְҵװ߸ЬȥƽСŮҵĽࡣҲѹ֣ϼĿһְרĺĿ
ľ𣿡ͣ½Ųŵ뿪ʵ
ЩΣɫ΢Ц˵䣬ôǶͬѧɣҾ̫ˣԽֵѽ
üĿ䣬ᳰ΢ľϴС㣬Ҳǵϰˡеƻǲٵġ
仰䣬ûһεͨƳһۣһ˿ᷳûʲôҾˣ˾ҪѾ˵ӿŲȥ
˫⣬ǲΪʲôÿԼô䵭˼⣬ʹӣ̸Ц˲۾ϳ˳Цݻָɫ
ĵ㣬ɻйʻҶһͬĻгãҶٶûˡôļڣҲڡ
Ҷȵͷ󺹣һһԼףΧӴιԼѩѥأжѽϱÿɲôһѽ
ҴңҶճһ۾ͿȺǿͦˣһɫװȺиۡ
ҶȻۿ˸Ө⣬ɵüӿ˽Ų˱ȥȵѽôüҶͻȻǰСܼæ
ǰĨӰʱŲƲƲ죬ֳҶҶһвУ
俴ҶܹˮĿڳ˼˼Ҫ۵˼ǣˡ
Ҷܿǰɿϵ䣬ؿ䡣ĿԣŨŨ˼໥ӿַǷȴֻб˴ˣһ羰
俴Ө⣬ĶʱǰһҶڻֱ۽˽ˡ
ҶĿڡؿڲ˲䣬͵˵ţһˡ䣬Һ㡣
ĺ룬˼껹ҪǿңǺŨҺŨҵ˼뵽ĸβƯµĲžù鵽ʵ̤ʵů
Ҳ㡣ůůһЦӲɵýֽҪǶһҶ϶صϢ˾;úҸҸ
ȿȡβȻƳ˺޷Ӧֿ˿ȣۣҶôвУ

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õҶնʱ̣仳Ӿн΢ƤڽǰǾЩѿġ
һͻȻæְҶȦջûءͻȻϣɫã̧ƳǰеĸɿǣüͷۣôҲˣ
߳ҾͰܵ𣿡ӺߺߣǰҶתߣۣˣ㶪ˡ
Ҷߣֺ˺죬ʲô˵һҲЩأⲻûҶͷ䣬ɫЩҳξɥӣЦԩҡ
ЦЦʾ⡣ɫůҲ
˻⣬Ҷ˳λҪǱùˣôӣƲƻģҪŹѻڡ
ɫڳҧųݣϳ֮û˵һ仰ﰵĳá
ҡЦֻصĳмϲҪпĳŵ͸ӵľУ
ι䣬ⲻǻسǵ·ÿͻȻת˸򣬲۾ûһۣԼĳ
٣㿴ʲô̬öʱʲôǣž㿴һ˻ɫϽжԶԶˡ
ɫˣ̧ƤƳҶɫůůȻתãߣŮҲùģǸƻҪҲա
ҶЦǳ˳顣ӻ𼱣Ļ͸ӼŭˣһżʻΣŭ𣺡ι䣬˵һԿ
ü߳һ˺ˣעⰲȫҶλѵҪڳϴܲɣˣûʲôڣ𶯲ըëòã
ҶھˣôحɫحвУŭҶ
ҶκЦ˭˭ǣղڷɻ˭˵ţúܣҪӰ
ҶǷǲǣúݺݵҶʲôѣڸ֪֪˭ǡ
ǺǣܰҶЦῴһۣŤͷοɫѿĳãǴȥԷأˡ
Ҷ䣬ʱ̧ۿžеǹůůЦ⣬º᣺ôǾϬˡ
񲻶ǡû߳бλϿ⣬ǲˡ
ҶۣҲ֪˭˵мҲũַݣ˵ԼʱȥԵġᳶҲ¶䣬ůůá
ʮӺ䵱ѳͣһũַǰ⿴˿ʱϲձֱ˳˽ȥ
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Ҷ΢ɵЦ˸Ƕѽ˫ůʵֽ˽ҶЦŸ佲˳顣ҲȾЦ⣬һɨ·ϱ˼졣
ѾҺλڵˣҶֻЦ˽ƲƲˡ˲ˣ˳ȥ֪Ϲȥˡ
Ҳᣬֱôãÿ춼ͨ绰죬ɻǾкö໰ҪԷ˵ֱ˲ˣòŴﻹһЩũҲˡ
ãֳҪ𣿡ˣЦüɵôȤ
ү˰ɣǴȻл߲ˣ󡣡úüһʮֱӵӣֶҶЦЦԼڼҿô
ⲻҶͬĵͷڳȷʵѳũֵ߲˵ģһϵĸɹͣɹ˼Ҳ㣬Էɡ
йһȷŵҶĿϧũԵ㣬˲һȦˡ
áҶֺˮǼգȷʵһȦءι䣬ʲô˼ѵ˵Ű𣿡һ鼦ͷʱûҲ𣿡
ߴҶתƣƳƳãڴһúݺݵԼЦôݣô֡
öʱһ߳ŷһ߷޷ޣͲͣɫΪ⣬øˣֻҶһٷڸõķ߷гꡣ
佫Ҷͻ˼ңԼҲȥ÷ۣ˴칻۵ˣҲٽصֱӽš
Ҷûط䣬ֱӰҶڻ˼ѾõĴꡣ
ŨҶҵ໥ŸԵ˼ȲһǣһҶٴϢţ仳šһ֮飬ƺԾò
µ˼֮໹кڻص˵ĴϢ˫ԽԽȵ˫ֻҶ࣬һҵţӻ
ضڴϣȻż·ϵȻܹݵϣôĹ̽ӲҶֻͨ죬ӻͻȻ
òƸо֮˵ķӦǲҿҰĶࡣϢŹĶܰ㣬ߴŨҵĴϢɵó١
ģҶĴ꣬գӣ۾Ҷ֮£һڴϣ˫Ҳץֱۣ֧ϵֱƬǵú֪˲ͣӵڴϼϢš
֮󣬴ϢŻƽҶ䱧ţ彩Ӳ飬ҪƿȻѾ۾˯ˡ
Ҷɵһոջô鼱ȵˣͻȻ˯ˡҶЦôô΢΢ŲӣѰ˸ƣ仳ﶢ
Լû֮ؿ䣬ӣıͦıŨڵüëëں㳤ŵ˫Ư£Ƥ𪡣
Ҷ΢֮̾ǰ˱Լĸоϸϸ۲죬¶ЩҶͣǰա
ҶôһᣬͻȻץסջ˯ͻȻ۾ҶĿڶʱæҪջ⣬ЦæץסҶ˫֣ڵحϷ֪֪
仰䣬ҶڵֺɫŵƲ˵ûУֻȱȿ˭Ƥöѡ
Ǻǡ͵ЦŹ͸˵ĲʱԳˡһµҪӿһɾַѹҶϣգ˿˿Ȼ󣺡ȳôţ

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ûУһûϽءҶû˵꣬촽ֱϡ
ȥġֱȵţ˫ֵֻҶҶһȣ߽ϣˮ
̽·һ󺰣һ٣ҶӶʱӲ
ҵı±ȥˣ⴫Ľкŷ䵹
ҶѾ͸ƻֻԼǿҪ⡣ûõĴţĻô
±ϣĿȷƣ͵ͺһȭصĴޱϣġôѳݸˣ̾˿ڴϴϢ
治ͣ촫ҶԼ˿һ㣬ӣڱ
ѽҿҪιüڽкţ֪һ㣬Ƶġ
ҶͻȻϷɻǰ˵Ļ˵һȥĻͲҺΪˡҶգ˹ǰɣˮҪ±
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Ҷ͵͵ЦһӰԼϡ߳һ߿Ƭһߵҷҡ
ڣҵĶҶϽ˹ȥֹĳ˼ҡ㻹˵ʰŵôʵϰˡǱԹƬҧ졣
Ҷ̾˿ϽȥѳŪҵĵطûڳ棬źúһûˡ
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ҶƲһЩգǹġƤЦ˹ѹûô˰ɣ
ҶʰôˣôһҶ𣿡ûҶش𣬳ֺܹȵĵͷƳҶЦʵ
ÿҶƿûصһۣ´ҸԼʰСҶѣߡҶЩҧгݣŪöԼķ䡣
ҶаôͿʼϲحɫحĶ˼ǨˡҲգ¿ڣȻɢбɳϣ˶һڣϽǴүȥ
ĥ˾Ҷһڣպߺ߹ϷšбڴͷϿԴ˿˿֮ҶԽԽúЦôôŤ

ҶӯӯЦǱաһ˫ȴӴϱҶֺЦǵۣġ
ҶЦ˱Ťôôɰѽ
ЦҾͼղŵŶҲȾЦ⣬ҶЦ绨ˡҶʱ죬ЦݣȾϺΣûء
ָҶ˻ᣬεĻؼȥˡҶЩģ䣬ƻطǴҵıӣֲĺЦҡҡͷ·ϴϴ˯
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ףǲøҶ̽̽ͷ¥£ôһˣǣ̫߳ˡǿԼ̧ͷ˻֣ҶЦЦ׼ǿš
һžͰϵĶҶȻйſɳϣ̾ԹӴˡ
ҶһĳŮӲɵú棬ȥһôģͷϴĶ۾ʱϴ۳ãŤͷЬЦЦĲˣ
ҶûеģǱСȥĺðɣɳ˶ʱͷۣ˰ء
ģҶһʾ׵˺ðɣ𴲾ȥʲôʱôˣǡ
һֱôصĶҰýȥùӣҶЦЦö߽
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ҶͷԼѵȻˣأݹüĿЦᣬҲ˯úõġ
ͣ˻ᣬͷҶĶͷĿˣҶıӣðɣ˶ˣԼ˯ðЩǳ˵˼డοǼįͣȲǿ˯ãǿϼӿѽ
ʵһЩҶƿɫ΢Σиء̾һ˳ȥҶɳҶķ䡣
ҶųȻӾ;úЦôЩôôǷֽĹģˣԼȥɡ
⣬⣬Źǣ㣬ϺиˡѾҪʳһ𣿡ãҪ𣿡ҶڳûĴŪЩҪڵʲôʱȥ
ιҶڳſһۣˡ
ﵶˮ𣬳һߵҶſڣţι䣬̸ʽΣ
̵ҶϿʱƬ̧ͷͻȻɻüʲô׿̸ģƽʱôųԼøʲô˵ġ
Ȼֻ׬Ľסбڷűϣһʮֿ϶ӡ
Ǻǣ˵˵ɣʲôֻ׬ˣᣬбϣϴ
ӣǴѧĴѧΣҲǴѧ͵εˡõĿڣüŽ
ǡǹİ磬ڴѧԹҲǰٰչ˵ġЦЦֽ˵Ҳ֪ǼҹʲôǷǳġҪòòҪвţڴѧʱܸġ
üڿ䵽ʱüº΢ǣ˰ۡЦһȻһתҲĽ׷Ҳܶġ
ЦգȻۣ˵Щʲô˼
߳ʲôһû˵ءַۣЩҧҲǸţô׷ôͿأҵûЩŵš
üſԾ¶ΣϢô˵Ҳ˵Ǹ׷ˣ
Ҳǡúߺߣһӡ
˵Ľʲôϵۡ
ܼ򵥣Ұ㵲СúȻʵƤɫ˵æŪϰС



ǺǣЦˣȻ˴ѧʱû׷ϹȻҲܵġüŵ⣬˵ˣϰǹ˾飬ʲôϵ
һаһЦϰãֲѹˣҲŵǣһڳԱԼܡ˵žͳžÿζѾĸƻ
ŶʱգҲűƽԼ˵ˡ㡭ˣݺݵض䣬ָ˰Ҳûڣ˦˳ȥˣ˭Լء
˼־òԣԼͿˡѹѹؿڵŭ˻ȥֺЦҲ̫磬Դѿɶֵܵģû㡣
ҲǣҲڸҽףʱ䡣֪ǵʶҲһкˡ
ôƶһ㽻ףУϲԼô꣬ȻҲЩν׷ˡ
ǳƶ˰ƱֻҪܰŪԺΣҾͲˣô
ۣ˼ջѽÿһۣ߳һת˳ȥ
ϲǸеġڷкȻЦһƮƮĴһ仰ýŲһ٣ӿߣʲôƨ¡߻ط䣬Ϸţ
ڣҶе඼кãѼŹǸˡͳԸԧɣм׻Ū׾Ϳˣۣžʿˮ
Ұæ𣿡˽̨϶˶üͷšţҪҼҹ
᣿Ҷ࣬ŤͷЦЦ
ǵȻˣҲܳãµ˳ġĿĿ䣬߲ϴ֮ζҪȻԺ̫ˣȢؼ۵ġ
Ҷˢľͺɵ߳һ˭ţֶûһƲء˵ǲǣȻ˸ӹҶ͵ʵ
ҽҶ΢΢㿪ӣպ󣬱ŤΡ
˭ҽˡԾջزӿˮϴˣЩڸʵ̫ջˣȥҲͲøɻˡ˵ûɫԺֻšֻģⱲ֡
ҶͻȻǾ仰𺳵ˣʱعͷؿ˵ֻţҶлص仰бҸ
䶢еҶůůааЦŸҶǰ˻Σôˣѵ㲻𣿡
Ҷʱѣ˸ۣ컬࣬ϴĲˡһĵǰĲˣ޷˾䣬Ūõ˳ȥ
İæͺܿͺˣΪķʢüԻʲô͵Ĺ߱ҶԧϴãõļףͿԿʼԷˡ
Ǽҹͻѽ֣Ҷסܵȵһĸ
ˣѵ㲻ϽԷҶ֣ɵõۡˣĨƵģŪͶ֪˵˶ˡҶﻹǾúܻϲܰģĸоá
˳ãسŻճǳİżͿ˼Ҷ֮⣬û˵ʲôŪҶһٷԵġ
;òԾƽʱ͸䳳ûû˵ˣôˣ˵׸ʲôȥˣ
Ҷ䣬ʾšƳƳã߳һΪȻ徻ˣҲԵ㣬仹ǹġҶŲˣüĿŨ⡣
ҶŹģкҪУ극緹꣬óԱ㣬Ϯֻط˯ȥˡ
æʰòо֣ҲҶ˷䣬õôˣϸоֵֹģ˵ʲô𣿡Ҷһط䣬æʵ
ÿ˹ȻţؿѾĲЦ⣬ҶƮɹ̫ӦûʲôǾøദŤɡ
Ҷգգ۾ɻ󲻽𣿲òҲǣԴ֪Լһ֮󣬾Ǿùֵֹġ͸Լ£һֱûϲˣҲǸ̸̸ˡ
ˣˡҶ򣬡ǽҪʲô
ʲôƽʱϢҪôڼϾӣҪô͸ǳȥϹ䣬֮⣬治֪ԼܸʲôȤխĺܡ
Ȳֱۣ׵Ҿúۣ㶼Ұ̫û³ˣеֻ۵ģѵ˸ԼĦҶ۾š
ã㰴俴ΪܵӣһЦҲ̫Щʵ㻹˯ô
˯ھ˯˺ðɣɹůů̫˰Ħⲻкðɡ
㲻ھ˯˰ɣ֣ͣͷŻ˶˫ۣؿԼһ񾲿Ҫ˯ӡ
΢̾ΣǺðɣ˯ɡ˵꣬΢΢Ų˵ذ壬Ҷı̫䣬ƮЩġ
ҶֻһվҪ׹Ԩ͵ؾѣͨͨعŵϣһ飬ôͻȻ͵ˣⶼܵþ⡣
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һͣЪҶʵڲڷڼˣʵ̫Σˣʱпܲǹ߻ġ
˼̸һ㶼ȥԼİɣԼܲһֱڼҶͰ˼š
ҪȥƽʱĩСſڣҶƫͷ䡣˵ʵڵģԼϲ֪һЩ֪ϲ֪֮⣬òĲ˽˽ϰԣ˽ϲʲôȤʲôôЩòƶڹԼͶԼá
ǺǣֻҪһʲôǺõġ俴Ҷĵף΢£ЦЦ
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ãǾ˽⡣ϲжⱲôһ˽Լ͹ˣˡƫͷҶ˸ǣҶæ㿪ء
ҪȥҶյһۡ
ǺǣǾȥӰ𣿡
ã߰ɡҶæԼҲмûпӰˣ뿴3Dġ
á

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ĲǡĩֵַǷѳӿ̳ңֱ¥ӰԺƱѾ˼飬ӰҲǶء
ҶҲŵȥҶĻϷĵӰʱòû3Dġ³˵ӰƬѹôء
뿴ʲôҲ̧ͷĻ£Ҷʵ뿴Ǹ³ĴƬúܻġ
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ۣ춼ˡҶ̾ʱ죺ôԼǴһһ
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˰üһŹֵӣŲ۶ҶܸʲôȥͻȻ
ûʲôȥҶʣǾ˰
ɵ˰㣬̸ɵˡúȻЩŭһƿҶʲôġҶӹһʳ۾棺Զ㰡ɵȾҡ
ҲʣôҶƵɳϣʳҵʱΡⲻǿΪʧĹ
߳ԼּʳӡûġҶ޷˾䣬ʳԵתطϴ衣
ڶգҶȻ˯磬ķãҲ֮ǰ˯úˡҶԼ߳䣬óԵʳѾɨɾ
Ҷõķ俪ţտûˣѽѽˡҶɻˣó绰˴ȥŴ濪˽Լ˽
ȥˣҶæ˹תصôͻȻ˸Ƶģȫ簡
磿ƳҶ˯£ʱûصۣҶ㲻Ǹɣ̫׼ɽˡðѰˤɳϣȻˮ๾غ
ҶЦЦ⻰Լǰ˵ĺðɣʲôȥˣ
ȥ˾ˡֺ˱ˮˡ
ȥ˾ĩѽֲüӰࡣ
㲻ҰæֻԼˡúˮԼķ䡣
æҰʲôæҶҲ˹ȥʰˡ
Ҷ˵Ҫϰ÷ۡ
Ҫ
ΪҿЦأĳû
£ˣѾģҶš˻üͷ˵ҲǲУϰҰ㿴ɡ
ģÿ춼绰㡣öʱϲüæͷǣ
Ҷһת׼ȥŪԵġϽȥ·ѽ2ķɻҪҹȥִõĽкҶˡ
·緹Ҷͳȥ֪Ѿȥ̸ȥģ֣ڡ
ӻصѾˡѾСſڵҶҶѳŻس⣬ææ˳ĳӡ
ҲôѽҵҲǵˡҶģæ˳˳󱳣ϧ
û£ȾˡҶЦ̫ò˶ˡ˻ʱҲ֪Ҫȥ;ȥ⹫԰ߡ
⹫԰صʩһȽϴ͵ֹ԰иλ澳԰Ҳοͳȥֵط
ѽСѲϲˡҶ˹԰黶죬ڽϱQ
СҲֻЩСƵĶѡ۳翴ҶӣĻƽʱ֮
ҶƲƲ죬ͬ˵ϹǳǳЦ⣬Ϊ˧ÿҶЦü벻㾪մ̼ģ
ôմ̼ˣҶ̧ͷЦҲ˺ðɣҲòˡ
ޣӾ棿ˣЦЦΪ˳˹ûȤء
ҲＸˣҲΰɡ
ѧҵҾûҶ̨ף򸽽ɨһۣ仯ѽƵɾһ
ǽ͵ɷ飬Ҳ棿Щû̼ġŴĸּҶϵֽ˽ѯ֮˵뷨
ǺǣǾ档ҶüӣкЦƽʱƵҲֻԼѽҲǸţҲѵóѽǾʹ̼һѰɡ
˾ɳĦ̫֡ȸ־մ̼Ŀݺݴ̼һѣǿ˵ѽ
˺Щ֮⣬ˡҶѾɤɳƣһ˳ڴֱѣˡ
Ҷڵϣϣ۾Ỻఴ̫ѨôЩ̼˷ѾʧӰ٣ֻеϧ
֪ãɫ𽥻谵԰Ҳɫƹ⡣Ҷ仳̧ͷôһ
Щ𣿡ɵ㶵ӣʵеĲѡ
öˣû¡Ҷ䲼ǵĿȻ͵Ц
Ǻǡ
ЦʲôȻЦҲźЦûˡ
ǺǡЦԼĺò治һĲҶְͷ£ʲôѾüˡ
ѽ̫û˶ˡͷȻҶ˵ԺҪ˶˶ˣҪôûĹ֪彡Ҫġ
ȷʵҪˣ˱ȻúԶҶ΢죬˵ҶӶˡ
Ǻǣ߰ɣȥԷȥ
Ҫ⣬͸֧ҪҶ˵
ãȥĳԣ˵ɡ

ûû

ǿ·Σǲģһ˿ףϱȶ˻ᣬļʵ
ɫǺܲģԿϼ˻ᣬЦ˵
ʽҲòǽеģǲѽã۹ãǲοο¾ҲӦͣƳԼŮЦù
ѽӴǶһȥԷòãĵ÷ë⼸Ҳܹ߯ģû˼ĺòãѾ÷ˡ
ѾͷǶûۣ˵ſˡϼԼŮϺһ̱ڵɳϣĹһۡ
Ǻǡ¾ЦĿҲõԷʱˣɣȥҺ÷ݣٿһᡣ
ãĽ㡣æþߣ˷ܵذڰ֣绰ǹ
ѾͷŮıȲԶˡϼַ޷һ䣬ų¾٩
ķˣл߿Ҳ˿¿õ̳Ǹ˷ܺģ˵¥гԵģǲǣ
ղҿָʾòǵģȥ֪ˡҲǸջع¿̳ûл
⣬¥ȥȹپʲôô
ã߰ɡ
ӦĳҶ뿪԰֮󣬾ڸ¿̳˼͹ݳԷ
ѸϵţгС飬ڷŵҶǰЦЦ԰ɡǶˣϲ˵ʱ䶼˼Сˡ
Ҷ˿ˮ¿еĵ⡣Ц̫ԼˣƽʱܵԼ쾹Ȼ˺ü飬Ǽʳˡ
ллҶлϲ˷̫ˣֻܳԾˡ
ţζЩأ˲߷ѶȫˡҶ˿ţţüͷ΢壬Щʿڡ
ôԿæԼĲӣ˿Ҷţ⣬Ҳһڣ
ǲôҲüͷţ⣬ʵҪǻһҰɣ˵ҪԱҲҪԺòС
Ҷ˻ᣬǲ˵㣿Ƴϵţţ΢΢ЦˣֲǲܳˣûءȻԵĶЩޣ˷ѡų˼ڶ滹мˣҲ̫˷˰ɡ
ðɣ´ҼҺЩġЦųҲ˳˼ְҶǰ˹ôˣҶ붯ֲ⣬ͱ˵Լǰȥˡ
˵ҳˣҵǷѾˡ̧ͷϲ˵ķԱЦŵŮǰȥɡ
䡣ҶеɫЩΣؿЩֹô˼
ˣû£ԵĿľͺáЦЦ̧˫֣ҪҪҰУ
ˣԼҶæס΢죬գգ۾ͷԼţţĿůֱֱۡҶǹҲͷŵس
Ҷһ̲סˣζһѽ䣬ϷҪ𣿡
áԱ˵óԾͱǿˣԻӡ
٣硣
һкͬʱŤͷҶŤͷöÿߣɫʱ
þ֮ǰ飬ӳ⣬˸ˡҶ΢ãʿգĿѽ
ŶӲþ˸Ƶģ˷ͻװ崿٣ӳˣԭ͸ˡҶֿõŮ࣬ÿɰǷ˹ƵĿ
Ҷջߣ˻üͷ䡣ǰһ֮ջߣһֱҶ˹εЦЦСҶɻ󲻽ˡ
쳣˷ܣû˵òƿ磬һȻѽǸŮδɩɩ𣿹ȻƯ۹һֱͲ
ÿûô˷ˣڿһ̣ͼʵҪϴҶ˵ֻѹϵôһˣ
磬ѽɡɿõּͱĵԱߣЦĳֱ۴кŤͷҶЦ٣λŮ㣬ðҽҸá
ҶŶǰŮ䣬ֻ俴һۣεЦЦ֣һ䣺ûûСɿ
มͷԾɿһ¾ߣܹƵĿ˹ȥЦǺǵضҶʹơ
俴ſҪԼǰӣε̾˿첲ƵЩգûͷǶۡ
˸һôСҶüûмؼˣɩǰҺһ㣬вУ˵ǲǣƯ㣿
Ҷſǳ˳飬ãĸǧ𱦱Ҳ̫ͻȻɩӣŮŤͷգ۸Լ˵Ҷպͺ䣬ɩӡ
ĻûжҲĿؿҶ
ƯǺˡЦضҶ䣬Ҷڵؾͺ
ٺҽ͸ҹҶ캦ѿΪѣһѳӣѾͷûûġ
ƲƲǰֵ߹֣Ľ㣬ָҶԵĿλЦģҲҸŮѣƯˡ
ñ߽ģ̬ʹȻǵˡĻŲ͵ضסλϵˡ
ѽɵѽɵ˹Ҷԡ
Ҷѻָ̬ޱ鿴ƳһۣɫҶ嵭޲˹ȥƳԼһۣʹ˫ۡ
ͷ͵һˣ˫۽Ҷ򴽲ջЦģպȻ΢һᣬڼؿ˿ЦҲ
ȻӴֵģҲʲôС֮϶⣬ҲС⡣
ö˻ѹĵ׵ʹң˳ǣɫЩΣ䣬ɣǡ
̧ۿһۣ˵ͷǴк΢΢ЦЦŤͷҶþûмˡ
Ҷ̧ͷɨһۣЦţþò
ޣԭʶѽʱ棬ЦݿҶƯʶ𣿡
ҶʱЦǸ˵е˼üۣЦҽҶ־ͺˣ֪ġҶ䣬ֽ˵֮ǰ㣬˵иá
٣Ҿͽɡǻϲ˷ܣƲƲߺߡѾˣüȾЦݣĵҲ˿
ǵˡŮ̹ŲŲϵӣҪ
ɣллվõıֻᣬôܴأ

Ȼ

СޡŮܰѡ
û¡ָհͺˡ̵Ҫʢôûпѽⶼ˵ˣҶǰǿλеԶѽСЩ
áÿüͷЩЦҪӹ
Լæеһһõĺ̵ĺðɡս꣬õѾ˹ЩѾ˳̵̵֣ѽѽֱС
Ҷ״æҪȥӣչӣһ죬ˤϡһˮȫ˳ɽҶõ·ϣеĴܵҶĿϡ
ҶæվϵˮſӲ̵Ƥϡֻһ˶װԱȽϱ̵ˮ¶ʱ̵û
㡭


ͬʱгѾɵˣľսģһʱסˡԱҲ˹
Բû̵ѽûعҲæֽҪҶá
û°ɣڵվæͽֽ쳤ӸҶϵˮաûб̵ҽʵæҵصĲţˮðŨŨжѽ
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վӶֽչּաҪæŲλóˡ
һۣͺëëţʲôʱܸĸġԼָھίվʱģֲܿģˡ
ҲæóλãҲͺĵײƳһۣæҶ˳Ӽ۵ظҶӣû̵۲ѽ
û,û¡ҶæҵıԼţ¸жοϱʪһƬѾ̵ͨˣҶʹۣҲ֨
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عͷݺݵһҶźЦץֽ˽кЦ˰Լŵá
ûµģҪ⡣Ҷ΢ЦҡҡͷƳһֱŵ֣ǲҲ̵ˣ
߳һֱӰҶߣǽ͸ŵѵ֮󼱴Ҵҵ˳ȥ
ȥѽȵѽҲ˳ȥûǾǲô
ֱ֮ҶһҷװꡣɨһȦֱһõɫ˶װ·һСŵĹ
ܿ쵼Ա·ֽӹҶ¼ȥ·ԼҲ˽ȥ
ҲԼܻҶʱһ£æְ˳ȥ¼䱾ЩխСսӣͿռռˡ
ҿû̵ϲأǣ뵽ðˮ£ȷԼġ
˵ûˣȥҶƳĵԱЦɵ죬ˣ߲ˡƿ䣬æţĳлڼЩҧ֣ҾͲ˰
䣬ʱҶͨ죬Ӻ˼ֺЦѵϵ·ĴѾͨһƬ˿˿ĸоŸղŵ飬ҶŴ꣬üȻ䣬üһƬͨ첻֪ʲô
˼ӣҲûжżſ溰ûѽҪҪ
ſڴ濪Ҷһõɫ˶װ䲻ɵϴ˵õ·ÿȻǣõܳĵ𪽿
ȿȡҶɿųȻЩΣˡعЦݿˣů紺æֻ̨
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Ķʱʹ֪Ϊλ˷Ӧں伱æסҶ֣۾ضоѣֽ˽ѿ
ϲֻйⱲӶǡǿҲûϵ綼ҪģβĳЩ˲е˼
Ҷüͷšţĸ׷ͻȻЩ£ƶµҪѿֽ֣šҶЩգ̧۾Ҫ䡣
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ԲԣʵۺȻᶨָĦֱϲ˾Ӧ֪ɲ¼ĸŶһҴš
ŴҶкȻһᣬȻǰģȻҲãȻ˼ꡣСֻһˣǾ
֮ǰԼҪſʼԼ͵ˡΪˣŻẦ£Ϊˣ᲻ܵ˺
֮ǰԼСʱĹ»һЩ飬ʱЦݣĵҲǲġ
󲮴ĸȰмӣϸ࣬ҲԶԶֲԼĸİﱾİɼĽӰˣʲôѧʲôƣȤϲá
ҵͷԣƣܹ⣬һ߳жҪԼأԼΪ
ֻһЩ飬ǿʼ֪еķաиĻĸӵаůΪ֪ԼŻ𽥵ϲҪ߽
ܾԼ鱾˵ģǿԼûйҪҲֻԼĵůҶңתת꣬ǻһ
飬׸һҪůֱָĦĵһůҶϳһĨ΢Ц
ůůЦݣȻǰģ̤ʵ㣬Ҷˡ
Ӵǲ𣿡ϼȿ侪һŵҶ۶ʱһһէ˷ķʲôʱŮˣ㿴ŮӳöƯˮѽ
¾Ҳ߹ˣߴϼ˷ܵľʱɴ˫ֱǰ
ףǲϴμǸŮ𣿷ûϼô˷ܣɻ󲻽⣬ϴŮֻ˵ͬţŶӣ˾һˣ
¾һۣʱεñ￪аСӡ

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ĸ裬̡ҶǸǰȿʺá
䣬ˡϼЦĺͰ˸Ц⡣ҶЦʵ䣬Ů𣿳Ư
ҲƫͷҶ⺬ЦţҶҴĸ
Ҷ΢죬ϼʺãȻֿ¾꣬δк
áϼЦݲӲӣСģ˵׶ӵʤ׶⺢Ӷ챼ˣҲûŮѣɳˣˡ
ţɲŮòϼ۾Ѳӣ˵ͷ첲ƷЦüĿ˵ǲǣ
俴ĸЦҲȾЦݣҶһۣϲ顣ҶҲųһĨ΢Ц
ɨҶۣǿЦݣȻֱض䣬̬ϼЦƳ۷ˣĵ΢΢ߡʮˣϱʲô˼Լ˽
¾ԭҲڴҶǲ΢΢ΪԼŮ̾ϢҲѽƯвҸҪʲôʲôġϼʻķֱЦиѽ
¾껰䣬ˣⲻڳ¾ǰݺݵĴЦݣЩګګЦĻЦˡ
䶼ŮˣϲҲͿ¾ֵ
ԶءƳԼĶӣɫְֺ׵ġ
ЩеûģúӿǵЦϼЦǳæ϶˵ĶԻ
Ҷһһģ䳶ŵЦݣĵȴŵĶһ㺹ˮȻ֮ǰѾĸף˴ǲͬġʱֳϱŵĸоοѽ
Ҳ˵˶ǰѵŮһ֣Լģһ㣬ͷġ
ǺǣǺ¡¾ЦŤͷҶʵѽƯŸǼһ㰡ǰɷ
俴Լĸףɫ嵭϶˷Ӧ¾ʻȻƳ¾꣬üȻЩνĹˣ䲻ȨơΣΣֲʡ
ҶţȻʵĵ׺Ȼһ΢΢۾ų¾꣬΢õѽôЩҲ񣬽ﻰ
Ҷֽ˽ѽǣ俪ʼС俴Ҷ֣Ťͷ΢΢ǣ֪ǳˣԼĸǺúɣҸˡ˵꣬ҶԽǣֱӵǵʻ
䣬ҪȥԷأҪҪһѽϼ΢šüͷ˴ӣæס
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䡭ԼĶ䵭գס
硣Ȼӹս˹󺰡Ų΢˻ᣬּµҶǰߣ˷ݡ
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ϼԼŮ˹æӻ⺢ӣëëģעⰲȫѽ
ϼ£ʱۣ㺰ʲôҲãôŵ˼ҹ
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ϼĻգǿŮѽǲżһѽתۣŪ˼ΪǼûҽ̣òȢϱˣؼȥ
ϼŮ÷ˣСͱȽϸáΨŮƤѽ̣ġʱɩָɣءø¾һԾĿţɫҲǲãҲû˵ʲô
ϣҶҡ³ҹ紵·Ժ׳ȹ߽Ųһܾͷһڳ֮ϮҲɢ
俪ųӣʱʱƳҶƲֵӣҲŻŶﾲ˴ϳ֮ûｻչڳƣ˫ֽỵ̂ͻȻһתɲѳͣ·ԡ
ҶĲɵģͻȻ伱ɲ͵ǰ㣬Һаȫס˼תüôˣ
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ˡ嵭ҲᣬֻһֵĿ϶
Ҷüͷšһ£˼ôûСҶѿڶѽ
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ûСҶյôͻȻðЩ߰Ĵֻۿˣˣһˡ
Ŵ꣬Ŀֹǡ
Ŀԣڰ֮иתҶĵ׳̾˿ȻЦǲǾŮѽǵõռõʱòƾŵף֪Ϊζˡ
ţһҶ˸ǳ̫ˣ塣ʵĻǷƣ̾˿Ƴٿ
ǲѽҶЦֽ⿪ȫ쳤Ҫ˿̵ı顣˳Ҳѽֲûôõű˽Ůء
һ壬þûתҶЩ٬Цعͷ̾˿ҲһĨЦ⣬һҶȥ
ǲǴ˿˿ͽ䣬Ҷֿȣһգʵ˳Ҷ˹˼һλϡ
ҶĿϣ޼ˣƣحðɡ
Ϣ˼ӣҶ첲ϣԣִûй棬᣺䣬ȻҪ໥˽⣬ôӦ໥̹ϣ˵Բԣ
ţ̹ϡ§˸ǡ

ů紺

ҶƫͷЩܲӣֱҲû˼ЩˣΪʲôϱҪأοء
䣬жȻǳְҶǰöЦǱֱĿɫãҶĪ
Լ˵ĻҶʱǺŤҸضȥԼʲôʱҲô֪ˣղֱӰѽĻ˵˳
ǺǣοǼҹŮءЦظ𣬱ҶҶҶȵϣȵϢϮƻ󣺡ǲǣϱ
Ҷҧ꣬ԻӦ˫仳˼ôСĳϣˡ
ǡ㺦ʲôû˵ĿƣҪҶˣѵôӹĻ֫໥ĦҶֻӿ죬Ŀˡ
ҹȥύˡҶЩҧгݣǿӲҪظʻλϡֲŲȥˣЦȻˡ
ЦˡҶݺݵһۣ˵ءЦⲻ
ЦʲôЦˣиСжӰ˫ĸʹءҶյƲƵĺһµûš˶ܿóϲһԼʼ֪ˡ
ЦݽסǸۣҶյƲʱĻţæȥҶֺһ֡
ỽһҶȻ֣ɫѿ˵ģ
޹ĺðɣٻ˽Ҷġӣˣӣְѳƴ򿪡
ҶĲ̾˿С˵ǶǵһԸҿɴûⷽ롣⼸Ҳֻѡ
ߡҶһɫ΢ЩȻûתֻ嵭޲Ǹҽ˲ŮҲȥ˺ܶΡ
Ҷ͵תͷ˫𣬿öŮӼˡȻ֮ǰԼЩС˼ģ׿˵ǲˬˬ
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ҶüӰЩģøѽÿٶиԵ⣬⡣ÿļ˻˵ļ˵ʱɫ䰵ģҵůҲѽ
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˵ҶЦƳһۣһֱߵǰ£ǡ˿ǸֹѽòƻˣүƢˣԼ˺ðɡ
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Ǹ˱ҶȥԼı
ﲻҼңҶЩƣⲻԼϰٵ빫˾ôԶ
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ϴ裬ҲȥˡҶŤӣôô˯ѽ䰴ŲЩΣ˯ܿ԰ɡ
ƵҶЦðɣǾ̰ɡ
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Ҷ룬Ǿܾˣ仹ÿǶҪһԷġ
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ҶȻ֮ǰֻǲ⣬ôŸԼսˣ
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ΪǣҶһ˽֪ϲʲôҪʲô𣿡
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ýҧŴ꣬δδϲһ˱ûдֻĲԣ˲ԣͽնѡ
ã˵ûǿҲġĨĨϵᣬϧǱûʲôȻ֪ϲ䣬ﻹ𾪲ѡʱܰĶѾˣûԵҲΡ

һ

Ҷһܵ˹㳡⣬ĳһֱкҶ˸ۣôܶܲȳġҲˣôߡ
ǰסҶĳɲǺõôһ㡣
ſҶһĵе˫֣Լü棬ûء
ʹһҶľϣֻЦظ𣬶ƻҲ۵ġ
Ҷ˫ҪĳеĻѳ
Ц洺磬ޣ鼫ãǺǣˣⶼ˵ĳѵ㻹ߡ
㻹˵ҶݺݵĵۣûЦˡ
佫Ҷ嵽ǰյһϣֱӽҶ§˻룬͸˿˿ƣһأ꣬Ĵ£ǽ۵ĺ촽
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ˣƤ治һĺԼƤɼˡ䣬ſҡҶϢţƲֻܸĳˡ
ҪôùŨŨحɫ﷭ֻҪһ뵽˵Щ˵İԵͻϲòԼ㲻ʲôֻһֱš
ҶҡͷȵĴ꣬ĳдϢĿյҶѸٰͷظϡ
ٺ֣ҾͲˡҶٴϢĸжǿ󣬲ڴ֮ͥ˰
Ųô࣬Ҳֻͷỽһ˫ֲֵҶĦŪӲĿҲ
䡣ҶЩҧгݣ͵̧ͷŵ˫ٺһûء·ûĻ̧ӻϲЦͷղŵ顣
Ҷæ㿪ƿ˳˼Ƴ·˺ЦĿǣ°գԼ̫ˡңСҸûꡣҶݺݵ˵һ䣬˦ߡ
ˣﻶϲЦһɨΧġ͵͵ЦಽظʱʱҪȥҶ
߿ҶԽԽöգơףܿ԰ɡ
ߣ㾹ȻҸü档Ҷ˫ֽǰûţ㡣
ʱ޹ˣæ͵Ҵ󲮸ҵĹ˾кĿҰæģûô
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ҶһǲΪˣôˡ䳵ǰһųţ߷߿ڣţȥԷҶˡ
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ѧҲˣҶЦŴк
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ҲǣȻҶѣҲͲô⡣ѵõĺ鲻죬õļļȻԷղŵõˡ
ΨҶǼƵĶ䣬úȻ˸˶Ʋ
Ҷ£ΧԲʼˡ۾ڳø֮ɨɫЩ졣
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Ҷɻ󲻽⿴乴˹ǣҶ˵Ͳ𣿡
ţʲôҶŤͷǣʵ
ĿƳЩЦǡ
񾭲÷һ䣬æҪ˵ĻȻЦҶù˵㿴ǵƤô
ãҶЦЦûע⵽˵ĲԾæһ죬Ͷˣڵ˼ڳԵ棬ֽΡ
ۣ۽ųãȻһֱƭĸо̧ͷŨŨľݺݵһۡͺһȻЦˣ˼
Ʒϣ俴һӲˣǳ˳飺ܳԵô𣿡
ȻܡشŮ˵ͬ
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ҳԵĲˡ
ô죬ҶЩ˵θڱŮ˵ĻСòƽʱԵҲǺܶࡣǺðɡҶ΢ͷġ
տЦǶԹ̫ˡͺִ͵Ҧ˼Զ
ҦźЦŮźּ̧˿ϲŹǣЦ
ʱʱƳҶǣҲŻϲû뵽Сѧø֮ĸôáǣҲѹ֣ѧӣֻҪϲˣǿɾˡ
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Ҷһ̧ͷüֻõ䣬ƳҶʮֲһֱŹһҪӣûԶԲԲãҲԲá
ҶڵͺˣܲܲҪôǡֵҶѵ㲻֪ԻӦ𣬿ǰ˳Ե㣬ԼųԵ㡣
ƵĿҶŵΪ⣬ԳõĻΪ⣬˹ѾüûˡƳ۳ãҶ۵Ľʺء
䡭
һٷֽ꣬һȥK裬ԣڵٵѽЧûڼǺ޷ϵ飬붼æӡ
俴Ҷε̾˿Ů쳣˷ֻܰŮˡ
Զ׼ľ棬Ů˷쭸裬˵ȻӺȾơһСʱԽû˼ɴҲˣҲҪӡ
䣬ҲҸұѽƣÿڣͲó죬һҪݺݳ
ô棿Цһ
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Сĳ˶ʱˣѵһѩ޵ĻᣬݺݵĵҶôвУΪҲ֪ʲô⡣
ҪǸˣҸûꡣҧҶʱйͶȥĪΪ֮
ЦЦȻãʤǾȻȥˡ
У̫ˡæԡ
Цһ˭֪͵ǽס׶صؼݷ˵æҡӡöʱһҭ
ָչ֣Ҷ뿪ˣóԽĩǺһӵĻ𡣵֮󣬼Ҳģɢˡ
ص乫ԢѾһˣҶææϴ˸裬ѽ˯ˡϴϴѾ˯ˡ
ЩЦãĳ˲ѽ˺üˡҶ£ָĦлҶ˯죬һŪαŶʱŤӡ
ȱ˯òáЩڸΪҶ׵㡣
֡ҶѣԺķ˸ʱϲ̽Ҷ·︧ƬҶһ飬˯ʱܣȻоǰֻôĹ̡
ӱ˹صƹ⣬ĳ˵˫ؿԼҺ㡣Ҷ㶣Ѿ¡حܿ챻ĳһů
ͣЪҶ˯˹ȥĳԱҲڿ˯˸Ⱦһҹߡ
һ죬ҶѾһˡһ˯ᱳ۵ģŲÿƤʰ·
ڸʲôҶ޷һ䣬ˣˡ
ˡůů϶ͣЦ˾ɣҪȥϷɻء
ȥҶüӺۣȥ
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Ҷˣʱץ̱˯ϡ
㣬˶ٱҶ˱ֱӵͷ˯ĳ˽ܺΪΪҪȥѩɽ
ڶգҶʵʵվѩɽ֮УtѩξϲòҪҪġһѩɽǸԼİ֮ˡ
鴨֮
ǺǣǼҹɽѩɫĿŻ˶¶ŵ۱⾧Ө֮ѩɽΪ͸
ԽԽὲ黰ˣҶеޣԼҸҸԼҪʱʱǻ飬ʤԼ
䣬ǻһֱҸȥģԲԡǵδҲһ
ȻԺҸġϲޣҸ꣬ͷ£Ҹ֮ǡ

ù

ڽæµĹֿʼˣᡢպһҪǰɡҲԸԳĻص˹˾ܲҶ۲ŵרĿ
æµĹǳ鲻ʱȥͣһ磬ûϲݺзҶİ칫ҡ
Ҷں˶ݣ̧ͷƳ߽ĳãЩЦʲôôˣԴѾĻԺÿյ鶼رĺá
ȱˣԷɣóԵġЦЦֱߵ輸£Ծİںúз
ʱ죬ֵӵʱˡҶ̾˻ᣬҲͣϵĶȥԷӣÿ춼˶ȹʱæȥ򷹣ʱֱӽʱ涩òͣñ͹˵ʵڵģԼкüûмأЩء
ۣѬ㣬ȥŪģҶһʱϲӳԿȥȥļԵȥˣð
΢΢ָֻܿ˳̬ҶһۣôأϽġ
ðɣҶҲûʣҲѾԼȥŪģڷܡ˼ڣҶԽòԾζǳϤðɡ
ҶüëȵؼˣЩڹز𡣿㾹ȻʱؼȥŪЩ
࣬ΪأСİɣصػȥƻʳֱôЩȻҶʣ۽
Ӵι´С㾹ȻؼŪͣϡˡ٣ǲҶæ佱ֿ˻
ߣҲ˭
߳һβ;ˡ극˸ԻԼĸλɻæµʱǹúܿ죬ΪǸˡᱨ棬Ҷڰ칫ҹǰյæµ˺ܶࡣ
ŽϻһĺӣǺӷϣЦܼ࣬˸˵ġ
ţҶ̧ͷЩãȻޣɣллЦЦת˳ȥʱҶܼ仯ǰǱˣˮˣȻǿ
ҶǸӣǳĵƷƣɵü˭͹ѽջţ绰ˡ
յ𣿡绰ͨרǴԵ˹
ţյ
ϸһͻ̸⣬·Ҹ꣬͹ȥ㳢
šȻԼ̫ϲԵ֮ʳҶﻹǺܸˣޱҶŴ䣬ǺþöûһˡǺþúþûмˣԼĹæĹæ
绰ͷôһ̼ţǽסˣ۶ҶƬůůҲ룬ÿնǣĳ
Դӳû֮ͺٵǱȥˡϽʱÿ춼ӰҲȥһЩۡ
䣿ûĻӦҶ
ڡòᣬòᣬ͸˿˿ƣæˣȥ𣿡
ţáҶ컶ϲӦһ
绰ҶǸ㣬˲ʱһ𣬵˴˵ﶼ໥ţ᲻ֻ绰ߣãһ£еĸԡ
úܿͱ˹Ÿ͵ҶͷһȻ𿪻ʿԡ
Ҷûķ˸ۣǱѾˡԣֻЩĶʵʲ¿ڡҾԣĳ˵Ѿˡ
°ʱ䣬Ĺ꣬Ҷǿ°ˡæµһӣͻȻЩӦ
ҶҪ˻ؼǼþûпˡ
ǽŪѼҺҺѼţˮ׷۳ԡۣžˮܴ̼˷ľа
ǸܷѾĺðɣҪˮĺðɡҶæܾ
Ѿҿ泬еݾ˺öˣ˵˼Ҷæõģ𣿹

ԭĳѾԤıöˣðɣ˭ԼҲأҶЭ˵һ㶼ѾΪҶֻҪ˵ϣĳŮȫˣҲˡ
صңҶֻҪϴеĲϷŹСĳŮſɳϳʳӣʱ䣬Ҫж⡣
ߵ㣬绰˵һҶûгԷ
ûҶüͷŸշڵһѼţ֪Ҫٵܳء
ţ°˻ûʵҸȥ
ãҶˡҶŬŬ죬һݹĳŮ˳ʳҲᱥġ׷ͣûָˣֻܵҹˡ
ε̾˿˵ҶҲͲᰮϧԼ𣿡

ߵʮңһսҶæϲӭȥЦЦ漴˱Ƕζüͷ壬žһſڴ䱻Ǻࡣ
ڸʲôŨҵζﾹȻһоûУ
ǸŪѼšҶɵɵЦĳ˷ӦҲ̫ˣŪŻŵģĺӡҶæתشţ̻
ŪһУζ΢ЩŽݣʵڸ㲻ЩŮΪʲôϲЩζĶ
߳ôֱءüЦúǵ⣬ȷ飬ùŪһѼţ
ƲûƲһۣҶеųƮζзϣҶ´°󣬼ǵȳԷ֪𣿡
Ҷ췭ۿǹɵӦޣ֪ˡ䱻ӶЦˣ˸ǣЦԷɡ
̫ҵ˰ɡò˹ķۣϳҲг԰ײԡ
ҶֻЦЦҲˣƳһ۲˵ŵĳ
߳һԼķ˭֪ͻȻЦڵðһ仰ǲǼû׹㰡Բ˵ġ
䣬ҶöʱҭǺЦæҶĺ󱳣Ūˮ˳
ҶԲԲ䣬ղ˵ʲôѧã׵ˡ
ò֪ǱǺĻôͨ죬žһ¿ӣŭĿ䣬䣬ǲǣ
аȵüΪ⡣Ҷ͵ŤͷһĲţãʲôʱ°ѽûþȻϲѧѽѧҲǸյιûõѽһֱԼѽ
Ҷʲô飡úݺݵһۣҶЩڣæƲӼµĳԷ
Ҷؿ˿䵭ȻĳŷĿҲûʲô顣ųѾ΢ʱȻ
סæ̧סҪڵĻ۵ҶҶںЦգգ۾Ȼ뵽ʲôȥ
ſһִ˼磬üͷΡûһᣬҶ˳ϻһޡ
ÿϵĶֲȻҶЦĿΪأǰѾôڷܻŪͣѬ㣿
ҶżҸպøѧһصģҲǰ磬زĹĻķڹأֻ˵ѾûȥǼѧ͹ȥġ
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ͻҶķ˯ˣӹߣ˯ðȡŴϷŵĵ㣬̤ʵ㣬Ҳͳ˯˹ȥ
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٣ѵãҼˡҶü٩ҪѧҲŮӼҵĹ뷿ҲǺģ԰ס
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Ϲ̰û˵ҲԼðɡ
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ƱҶõ廨ϲͬѧҳ㶵ĿҶ΢΢˰Ѻ
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ˮˣҶϲأһԼ꣬ô͹ˣ

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Ҷ˸߲ҵĻصңѾ㣬ΧڷǰԷ
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ѵ֪ˣҲǷǼģ϶ǳѾҽҶʱݺݵõۡ
ʲô飬޹ҶſͻȻһǰĵӣָųãѾĲǴ˵
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ϣϡҶæЦ˻Ǽ˴ŮءΪװء
˽Ц˫ְۣѽʳõĻһ飬ʲôİôԸôϲʲôѽ
ķ˸ۣ裬Ľح˰˵ҪΪһҶģôƹˡ



ⲻܹ˼ѽΪ飬˽һֱҶӰһֱϽѡŮҸǿǴѽ˽ʾˣ⼸Ҷ˵ҲѽҺýû˵©죬ǲ֪ģ˽ˡ
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ҴһʱϲģҶЩԾɲǽ־ֳҶУʱѾʶˣʱǸְԱء
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ΨҶЩЦãʲôʲôһٷԵ̵ģΨҶܲζϻ΢ЦݡֻˣѾģﲻ֪ЦԼء

ģϰ׹һҶҪ⹫Ұġ˽໹䣬ôҲü˸˸ҶۣΪ֪Լʲô⡣
ͬҲϲ̵ģһͿʼ·òãǼϲʵġҶɿЦϱҪˣ⹫ҵǼѧļء
سҶ͸÷ֿˣѧسǣ⹫£ǲͬ·ˡǣѾģѾѧ·ڵˡ



ջֻҶ䣬ΪҶõܺҪϲ磬ҶѾϼҰæȥˡ
Ҷ⹫ڵؽоɽˮǳŨ֮أķְѾΪʥء⼸ɫԶԶĶ«ϸĵ֮
ǡ괺ڣڵοͻǺܶģյڽֵѾǳˮַǷ⹫ס״壬ʻϣԶԶľͿϴһȺʢװĹڴ;ƣص
ҶͣŻȺ򴽺ЦŸϵʵ䣬ϲط𣿡
俴Զɽůϡܹɽ˸ŽһϵͲ˻ü۷ů͵΢Цϲˮɽ续һˮһˣ˴ӵĵطóһˮ˶
֪ϲģҶҲЦݣʵ׼𣿡
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ãǽͻȥ˵˺üˡҶƲж༱ҲͳˣҲˣͦسǶѡ
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һܣùĹ̸̸ԪǰϦů֮ҶߵʵһؼҹԪòã
ŹԼļˣϣܹõǵϿɡȥ죬ŸϽѹȢؼɲ·ɱҧģҪĶİ

޸Ұ

ԪڣұһƬŵƽʾҶһļ֮ǰѾļˣʽǲͬģʽҳĽˡҶļţŵ΢΢һϸ
ܽţͣſ⣬ֶܸе˵Ŀ죬Լȥһֽš
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ҶЦŸǴк˴ɨһ΢΢ҶһۣҲ˻ᣬǡ
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ҶһֱΪǲϲԼģǸϲõ𣬲Ǹϣϱ
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֪ٶЩӸٵģԼŬҲûа׷ѡļ˽Ҳϲ˵ġ

Դӹ֮󣬳һҲͬˣԭܰСġҶż乤æʱԼļңסĹԢĩʱ仹ԼұԷ
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ðɣ̫Ҷǿǹȳζϴˡ͸¹θǹɶľʱӿʵ̲סҴҵܽϴּ˳



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Ҷϴ˰߳ϴֱּ輸һվЩʳ濴һ顣ɳؿԡ
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