ãصС˵ www.27txt.com ӭȥŶ
վԴתԻ˲κθ,֧棬ȨУ
ȨУغ24Сʱɾñ鲻빺鼮лߵ֧֣


乫桷  ߣȻ

İ
£һϦ绷ϦϦɫi 
࣬ǱѩΪȡ 
 
? 
˵ 
˵˵ĵطǽ 
ʵʱǺԶʱҲܽ 
һѾĪ⡢սթĽӴɼˣһҲδʶĽ 
ڻȻĿУһݶԹĵطһڣһƵأһϵġ 
£һһԵˣ뽭Ӵ˲һϳܵĽĹ¡ 
˵֣֡شʢǰ£һ׮ 
ȻÿһµһĻսˣ 
ʵһһɣ 
ȻǲµһĪԣֻ˵һ㣬ڵεǣѳΪֵʥأʹһ㣬˵е⡣ 
·أ 
ֻҪʣ˾Իͬظ㣬ȻЦЦģаϵһλˣ 
пһҪʣһλǲҲ̫ˣ 
ʵһ㶼࣬ÿ˶ڿԼأܼ̿һȥأ 
ðɣðɣǶһ㣡 
һ£ʮ֣ 
ʮħͷʮ͡ĴŮ󸻺 
ûأ 
Ĺ±Ͷ 
׻˵úãһ뽭´ߣ 
ȻҲͲڴ£Ժ 
ھλ٣λ뽭ĺ汦һ֮ƽһȥһȦȥɡ 


Ŀ



һڼԼ˵˻źۼػӿһֱɹˣҲ˵һ۶á
Ҳ̫ͨˣͨ˶
಻ߣʲģϼ䣬أͻ䣬ټһŽʲôģأһˮս˶ѡ
ƽ̫ƽ
쿴ˣ֪еǱˣ
ӿǸ˺ϸĿڻƺСĵڽֱС̡СԵһλ¹
ǲǸˣӦöѾˣٲǰȥؾˣʱ
ǹɽ˺Ŀ֡սȺУǰĳڣ
벻ҲѰ
أͲ˵ˡ
ܰڵϣܷһļҾߣֱ˵ټѵáʮݳ޵ˣҪǮҪһռģط۶ʵΣᱻСķƵġ
ңҲȲ˵ж࿿ǰΣķʱɹΣճأʱ˱ɾֱײ˿ǰҪ˲עⶼѣ
Ҳ˵һµĽѣһܱߵĽʿ룬ɢȻɵĽϢͶ䣬Դһ޷ʡ
һȺֺʹֲޱ߷ˬŮУ£Ǻųֵ󸻺ĽݡذΡĹУԵʮֵر
ǸĹһʲôžµĿΡ
µ̶ֳȣ
µŹһСϸڣǾͶ¶漸䣬ó˵ŵĻ䣡
һ򽾰ֻˣһȺѾߴӵ£Ů˧ǸĴ֮׵ĵӣ̲סһѣ
Ҳȥ˵ʹôҵĳ棬һֱŴݣ򶨣·ֻԼһ԰ͻһ㣬浾绨
˵ȻһеŵɴñԼȫס޷Ƽ®ɽĿֻ͸ǱɴԼ¼һλŮ
ԭ򶼲˵ֻһ㣬㹻עĿˡ
λãһˣ
˽ɢȥ㳡ÿտʱŻεǵĳõġջޣδּǰˣͣҲʷǰءܼ򵥵ϲݲݽ
 
 
ñ˶עͬʱҲʵڿȥųѯ 
ϧҲڰʣǹǻδţüͷᶯһ£ 
ֻúյ㣡 
ʹǸǲɴÿҲ֪ӣʱȤŨŨȫעóճյݣĿתڿǰĵĴ򶷣ȫһԺ 
ٳϾҪ£ 
֪һ֮谮ġΨһŮƽ䣬Ȼֵط֣Ҫžöˣ 
ԣȻĴƹͷ죬Ǹ𱣻ڹⰲȫġһ뿪ʹ⣬ߡ 
ûһ׹ 
οʹճ׼ٵġ 
赻ΨһһŮǻ˵鰡ǶӻҪϸŰͽܻϳ谮СѾͷ 
ٳ֮¡أôҲ֪ˣ̫ӵٳ࣬ΧҪ̫ӵֶˣ 
ʱСǲϹ˭ᱳڹ˭ᱻ 
ĳ복˵һع̫һؾСС 








εٴλӿһֱĺӡ
죬Ѳ֪˶ֱɵˣΪ죬ÿ˰ɣĺģҲ˰ɣ֪һ
Σȥɵף

ߺһ
ûϵ룬ٿһ죬üģĿתأųĵǸʮĿһһӦ
֮ǰ˵ȴ
ñΪйڣٽи̫ӣһѴ̣
ûԹûûͻʲôͷҲءΪڵ
˵
ûԹûûͻͲ
ǽĪ⣬ôԣ
ΨһӲ
ʮ־һСػǱײȺ֪˶ٴˣ
ңҪɣüЩˣǱ˶ϷģǹҪҲ硢̽׵ģ
ŸоĵӣڽĿƻأЦʲôҹҿɶҽûµģ
˾ûᣬ˵
£Ҳһѣôţ˼οٿһ죬һ죬Ǿȥ׷ǣ
ôο˵ֲèоһ͹ܵˣ
ǿЦãڣһı֤Ƿǳãˣģֻһɣ
ǻڵóӶˣ
ô·ߣʱôôһ·
ǣҲܹ֪иεǣڣ복¡總ô֪
Ҳֻ˵˵ֵʥأеĳгǡǣǵУİ֮һ˶ѣģһ֪
ǿޱȵĻʳʿЩç죬һ㽭ʿҲǲмģ˴һǾˮˮ
ԣʹΪʶĻʳʿͲ֪еˮˮǳĸҴŹƫƫС·ʱһ۾ͱסˣٲԸ߿
 
 
˰ 
ΧӱˣΨǶһҲΨӣܹǶ滹ȵذĲ͹ӵģ 
ڸղӱƺһ¶ҲֻʣһˣǲڶеѰֱҪǳĵһسͷˣ 
ˣҪķͷѣοһĶǽʿк棬ҸעǾĵϣ 
꣬Լʮ꣬УܱҲеǡôֱĽˣտиǴĨаȣĶӵ 
ʹھӭս죬ɵЦжԵá򾲶ݰҪǻűˣǲƣҲ粻ţ¶ 
ճյؿţʱڲ֪š 
ѵðľȻˣ 
һλʵվסɡƤµġе㺮ģˣų˵񣬼ֱǳ˳ݺ;η 
죬Ȼ֪Ϊʲô򶷣һսһеľ֪ģǸžɵ꣡ 
ôһ㲻𣿡 
Ȼ˵ͬãͬˣȻܺؽӿˡ 





Ϊ


һ㲻
ô˵һĺã˼죬ڳ죬ֱ˸ˣ
ҲڣһڳʱͲǺܳװڴ˺ܾã죬ǴͷβһֱˣֱƵʱֲŻǵġ
ʻڿһۣ
ﲻ˰ɣʵ
ֻЦһ£ҲǷ񿴵üɴЦݣûش׳⡣

ñ˸ԼҲ֪Լĸ룡
ǰǱסˣ
һۿģɵ֮ûʲôشǡѹѹġ˵һͱʮ㡢ʮĳˣ
ԭôһֳ
ԭ⣬ӣ
δδŵģС߽УһҲ֪˼䣬֪⣬һнĵطһȺԳƽ˵ˣ
Ϥ˽ǰĲͬһ޷磬Ҫǣǰµġ绪Ըƿ۾
£֪ȻǽһħͷҲ˿ûиı־Ľ֮ģ
һµһսɲǣֵսʽս֮ǰһ£в˻ǵĵƱԵģ˲ĳĬܵ
㻹ûشҵءŶЩȤŲʲôµһȤģ֪ıôʶ˵ܸɴֱʣ
һ㲻𣿡
ҪƽʱżҲģش⣬ŵ
ǰСսҲͳһӣһͻ뿪ô죬ھǵӭս״ΣѵõʢϷãʢᣬɱʽʰ
˵˵žֿʼˡ
ֱۣͲŶ󣬿ҲͶʮͷͲԺϷ򡱣Ȼ죬ʲôŹֵ˶а
ҪлɴԼְȲŶҪƼˣ಻ãɴһһøУ
˵ʵһ㲻ɴ˭Ҫò˲Ҫ鷳òɴԼڸ
̾ϲ޾˷ˣȻò鷳ʱ򰡣
Σ̫мӹ֮Ϊ˹ǰȥ
Ҫһȥʶ谮ǧ˳ĸĸӦΪ̫ӵġͬĸͬĴʹ
֪ڹʱ¡ĶӰ֪ʲôһͳǵضٰòɴ˵Ϊ˱ܿĳղҪ⽻ˣһӻװлع
ֻǣǰ֮Ϊ·鷳ɴˡ
Ը֪ĽҲֵˣֻǣⱾһǾ̸֤
µһʲôôʵȽϺģ⽭еˣΪʲô㿴µһĳƺţȻ죿
һһ㣬ÿŬӪȻָߵµˣΪµһĳƺţиŬ˵ֵֵһ߿һλʿһȺ˲һ˷ܵܵ
 
 
ʰɣǴģ׸ذμذκλʮеĵڰˣԸϲϳˣʢǰǱߡָһӣ 
µģżսŵģ߿콣ɽׯׯ磬λذκ֮ǰλλʮһսģĻݣ 
еֱʵ㣡 
ͼùһ콣ԽսԽֵļл֮£ɴݵӦţ磡 
ذμͿ콣ɽׯˣ֮ͬǰЩһδӽģͱĵӻˣĴҷɣʱֲźۼزһˡ 
ƫƫ⼸ҵĹǣȻӣȴءݵؿųеģ󲿷ֵؿţԼ˵ƣϣ 
ֵǣеĻļ͵ģ 
ȻҲǸһĶԵİɣ 
ֻǣЩǧĵĽŮǵķŵ磬ȴһ㲻Ϊ͵ûһģֻרĳӦս 
øʮӣֱɫŮ˲ݣﰵҡͷЦЦ̽֡ 
ֻΪһǰӪֵǣֻΪһǲҲ̫ˣЩÿԱû 
ǽˣԶ˵˼ 
һһ𿴳еı䣬һڽʵ 
ڣ˵һһ𣬵ҲĬ 
ɢأ־ᶨʱصԱ֤ǵ̸һֱ֮ǰ̸ȥڱ² 
ѵǿϵ˶ų˵һһʽڴû䲻ΪȻĶ 
ܵ 





ʮ


ֻ֣Ϊһ
ܵԣ
ʳΪ죡
ȻΪСʳԲҸ֣ʱΪҪǣҲ֪ûϣҪľðзԡ´
µһɱСƣǵĻϣΧֻ赹һսµһɾԭֵˣȻϵΧأ˵
ͷ
ղ˵Ŀ콣ɽׯǳ
Щʿĺһҵġ
ǽֻǷǶԹһ㲻ܡҲҴ£˵ˣÿһֹĻսȴ˴󲿷ƽʱұ˴֮ķǺܺ𣿡
ԭˣΪ˽İֻսɣ
ԭҲԭ򰡣
ϵֽˣذκѰ˰ܵûûǰǱֻذκҼеСˣƻѪҲǺƯ˳ˡ
ûУĻûó湦أľ轣δʡ˵Ц
轣ղǱ𣿡ʣʵѧ
ʲô񣡡˲бһۣԵɴʱйؼ˵С򶷣轣˼壬羪һ㣬ҫʺһĹâѸ磬Ǳɱȵģһ
Կ֯Ȼһô
ǣǽʱŻʣʵʱ򶼲ʣǻʲôΣֵʣ
ʱʰɾ˵ˣһ㲻õģΪҪʱ̰ɣʵʲôһģ˼һ󣬡˵ǰľ轣ʹ
˵棬û뵽ôһ
˵һĳ˵ÿ˳ˣǴǽʮħͷӥȻ۵ؽٳİ֮ˣһŭ֮£轣ʣʮħͷƬǲ棬һ˼һ
Ȼ!
ؿǸɴҲܸеġ˵֮Ĵͱ飡һʱüɫ裬ǵⲻѣ
֪ǡ
˵˵𣿡
䲻ض˿һԡ˵ۣǺŵģ̴ŮҲ۸ػġ
Ѿͷ㻹ڲͬ˼Ҷ˿ûⷴӦ˴
Լڽ飿
ˣ
ǴʮӥٳĽֵܡ¥ĸ׻ϷˣԼ˷ֺЦ֮⣬ĶˣҲǴ֮󣬼˸ǣ
ԭ
ˣĵΪֹע˳ϡ
ûʲôԼ𣿡֣ԼԾվǵһߣôЩ˿Ʊ
 
 
̫޷죡 
ңΪʲôȫȺļ£ûо֮磡 
ԺǺЦˣ 
ǽѾͷôɣҲŲô࣬ƽʱΪǵ£ؾصزҶʱǻսǰڣвڴʱǵս֤Լʵ 
Ц棬Ž 
ֻʱȫµĽʿڴˣҪʱ뼯¸ֵǣ͸ǴҿԵĶ󣬺οսǰƣҲսΪԺĻս׼ԴҲʲôõģ 
ϤǶôĲͬɷʲôģһ㲻ãЩ˸ͲɷԼΪΪɣǻҵ˼㣬ȴƫƫޱȵĻ 
⾺˴սεطǲģ򶷵ģᱻǵִֹµģʵҲս֮䣬֮䣬ڴ˱ģȫԵдҲеġȻɻ󣬽͵ 
Ҿ˵Ц 
ԭҲйҪѭİ 
ǾǲμӻսҲһʮֵķɵģ˼ 
ʮ֣ 
֪ǵһħͷû뵽ʮ֣ˣղźҲذκŵߣŵֻʱȤڴ˶ѣû⡣ 
ǣЦЦۺгģЦˣһǵ˵ݹʷûһʱĽ˶ʣ˲űⱻʮУڶ࣬ʹﵽǷ켫衭˵ĭ䣬ò˷ܡ 
ƫƫЩȤֻһ˸Ȥ 
ŵһô 
Եֵĸ蹦̵£ʳԼȤġ񾪺轣δʹʹȫߵģӦǽһְɡ 
޷˭ԳԽ 





ħ


˵ڽеλҡҡͷ
ĲǵһֻǵһǴ󵱼ҵģҲǱΪһ͵ġĵֻ¥
ħͷΪֵܣ䷢ԼúͿˣǷôУħĲ
죬̰ųĵľɣգ۵ʱ䶼٣˵ֻһͶѣҲ͵뿪ȻҲµȥ˽Щ
;˵ģ˽ˣԼԺˡ
֮ԱΪħͷҪ˵ֶΣĵ
ֶζЩ׺ݵ˺£һ͹ϵִУһ׷ɱǾģرʮӥ¼ĸ˲ɱ֮ˣֵɱɣԣȻΪһħͷȴ˵һǷǣӮ˵ĳݾ
˵ȫߴţҲǶƳ籸֮һ
ֻǡ
׺ݶô
Ϊʲô
쿴˾Щǰ⣬û
ӡǼ˵ֻ侲ŵӭսȷʵһ㲻˼Щ˵壬ȫûѱ˵˿Ǿ͵ʲôִɲǡ
ҸоӵԴԴ೤ȫǳսһֻȴû˿ⲻ˵黹Եãǲһ㣬ֻͥŲ⣡
˵ˣԶײ֮˶Ƕ֮ĴȱҲʲôá
˼ˣ΢㵣
ǲǱĸȾˣȻҲɷ˴ȱΪ
Ǹ߶߶ͬʣҲԼ
ħô˵еıΪˣòȻʦԾӣ£þͱЩΪħĹ䣡ˣ£ȴȲǻݶսթˣ˷ʤ
ԣħĽޣɱô򵥵ؾͷָΪУҲС˴ڣΪħУҲ˾ĺúҲΪʲôЦЦֻ书λǰһλˣЩħͷ͵Եʣ
ֱͷеɻؿ˻᲻ǡ
΢ۣ漴׿ֻһͶѣǵͣ͡˭Ϊã
ÿεľȻˣĴӭս㿴ô˲ǰûã˵ɽ˺ĹˣĵȻǵһֻǣɱơµһģɵؿųӭһսģ·ڳϴӦսģģԼ
Ҳֳô
 
 
˽Ŀһ仨컨׹ʱƽ˲١ 
Ϊʲôµһص 
ӦѧΪǵĴ󵱼һ¥΢һ㣬ÿ˶ܽԼѧʶӳܽԼӵеģӵʵսľͲ֪ǶˣĽ͵ 
ŵİصǸôΪȻˡֶͲǺ˵ģֲǿʲôȷĶ 
ԼǰѳƣҪľµһ 
ҲֻģôϳҲֻģСд˾ʵĳ棬Щ֣ԸʽĻսҲҪıһģ˵üɫ衣 
¾ǻ¥һҲһô˹ۿôǰ̵ǰġô죬ֻһģ˵ľֵһ뾫Ӣˣ˵ˣòҡͷ̾ 
Ϊʲôϳأ˵ϳʡ 
ֻ֣ҪǽˣȫȥĹУ»ûͱӿȻײͷѪЩȵˣϧġ 
̸ĽˣΪʲôǰȥĿеӢܽӴһ¡ʵڵظһĵľ书 
㿴ѹͷǻСˤôٵص 
ǻбȴͻǰôĵص 







ĹȻǺػӿˣЩĴɣԱ߲ǻʩҽҩǵĵ
ȻҲҽӵܣԾظչߣô˵ڣʲôµģ
ǰ˸˵ȶѣƫƫڣһۣɴ棬û˿ôһ档
Լ֣֪ܻȾɴԵʣΪʶԵʣЩرԼϲã˵Լ뷨»ʲôӰ죡
ȿȣȿȣСѾͷǴ˸ϽÿԼΣȻ˴죬ֺôĲ裬Ȼéˣʹˣǲ˰Ѿͷ
ϵ˵λȻ㶵ע£ȺŵĨͣȻ֮ˣ
ʧķĿɿڴ
˲ĵ׷ΪʲôʱģϳȻɳܵؽˣ
ãŻعЦ׷ĵӰֲģ
뿪
ԵĻľôһڣ
ȴףò뿪ˣ
Ͳ֪ôãǷҲһע
װĶ
룬׼ã׼뿪ͷҲؼǰԸ
ھߣֱǾϲòԼĶ䣬ΪҪסһء
ٲߣҪҴж˿˻ȥˣЦ᲻ýƿ
²ңʱɫе㷺࣡ǰ治뷨еģС˵˵ԣҪ
֪ЦЦǰؿЦģ˵Цʲôܺ뷨Ҳ˵ġ
ΪǵúСʱһʱֻ˵һʵ˵һ˵Ǵζеζ̫أõܷ
ӴˣԷСĵسϲأм꣬ʳڹپ֪ϲǵˣϲԾˣǾͻϲ취Ľ
Ǿֱ˵Լĸˡ
ޱȵĻʼҹһһеķأڵһ仰ͿԸıһһˣ
漴Ըҹ·ɣ֪Լ·ˣȻսƻ裬ҹ·Ļüģ
ǿҪίڳϢˣҪٳǰȥҲֻˡ
ûϵˣֵø۾ˣ
ɲؿų緢꣬ȻϣԼסһĻأһУԵģֻź֣
Զһ֣ǰ򵥷Ը䣬һ˾۷ʾһн׼׵
߰ɣ
ǰվߵģκκۼ֪Եɵɵغ죬ֻΪ׷һ˵ӰֻΪ˿ķɣ
뿪ӣ¾ģȻת볡
תһɲǣһ΢紵ɴһǣƵûֳһֱɢĵĿͻȻһ֣Ŀһ뿪ķ
 
 
ڿյһС֣ 
ڷɴһ˲䣬ž׵ĲݣȻֻǾһƳοģ 
һŴһ㾫µķֻ̫Զ̫ݣòǺУһۣ⼸غҲֵõˣ 
һͷᣬ²ӡ 
⼸죬þʣֻǣԼ֪ˣ֪ΪսΪ֪ϲ 
ǣӦδϰ䣬ͣһ۾Ϳ 
ʺװ磬оͶ¶ƣǽˣҲͨ˼ŮӦļҹټСɣӦκνصˡ 
⼸죬ȴһУĿ֡ʵʱ̣ 
ֻǣǰӲǰ볡볡Ҫ뿪ε˰ɣ 
ƫƫȴκɡκ 
ʶô֣һʢǰһݵĲãȴ̻һʧ٣ 
޲ɢ֮ϯֻǣⳡʢ磬δʼѾˣ 
֪ǲܻټˣ 
۽鵽ʧȺǿҵʧ֮Уһһ֣һλӵ˵ĵһӣӻ˰С 
ֻΣɵȥˣưܷһɳȥӡ 





ٳ


ҲǺܷİ
رһǼ죬һȫעؿ֮ҲǺʣ
使ȴôҪ˵˵͸ˣԣ۵ɶ
ֻǣü΢壬ڿ˼ʲô⣬
µգһĨǳ
һһ㣬òһ˿ŵʮŮеĳǣգף
һ㾫ģҲˣأ˳һ⻬ʸǰϸӤϸۡ
ֻǣֻ˵գܿܿУģ
ٶԣģҲڡ
˵ҪأʡաΣߣศɣ
ǵһҪأö˵ˣѧʶ̸µȵںտɶɶȫۣ
˿·ܳԼʵġǡôΣҲǱزٵģ
ǵвҪˡ
ȴ߾ѵںͣ
ҲΪʲôղˣû˳ĬĬŵعһƫɾ֮ò¡Ӱһ֮ҲΪˣǵؿݣ
ֻԼͲΪȻˣ
İƽûݣû˻İɣʹЩŮˣ޶ˣ
ŵ̾һСˮͫУһ̵֮һֿǰ;ã֮С
ܾźİ
ģΪεΪֳӶ뿴ɷӰ׷ţǰµľɣ
ͻȻɫһ䣬Ȼ⣬ʱãʷ׳ʣ紺ů΢Ц
ΣȻʲôģõֻеЦ⣬ȴڲزһ˿Ƥ
֪ԼҪʲôˣ
ÿգΪϵĸףҪһֻҪܰ쵽ģǧ谮һӦܲʲôÿΣЩΪѵ£ϸνֵ֮Ϸлϥ£
 
 
ΣúᣬҪһԼҪ 
ֻǣЦݳϱС죬ǿٻָȻй¶Ҫ鷳СϣָֻյĵЦݣ 
ٳ䣬ͬһ㣬û⣬ճյɶѵŮһг嵥ĴƹڹܹܣὫĻĿȻʵʩ 
̫ţСС͵ܲ˶ԣҲֻԼˣʺײμӡ 
μӵ٣ȴǻʼԼӵģ 
޵СӽҪʲôḧСŮͷЦʡ 
˵ɣҪ㸸ʲôʺܰͩҲȰعһԺЦܰһĻһλ˵춼ҪʵŮˡ 
˵Ϊһλ̫ӣΨһһλڻʼҵĵλɽжòŮ빬˭Ҳвλ 
ҪǣŮεĽ绨˴վһĺá 
λʯ棬ҲǷ֮룬󹬵Ҳల£ 
Ҫߵģ֤õһˣǺǣ¸׵֣Ϊ˸첲Ц 
ǸڴˣŮС֣ڲ²ⱦѾͷʲôÿ⺢سƵʱǾǻǴһġ 
ΣıŮҪʲôأ 





ĸ


رԶл⺢ӺĬˣż͵ǡ
ҪѡɣһԵüȡЦȤ
ȻʼңʲôûϾС۵úܣ˵ʱСΡ
üȡЦأЦŲǣҲʮأǸҲ̫Сһɣ
üҲȡЦ㡱ֻʺЦʮҪǻ£ҲǿԵģ
Ǹ¡ӣʹ𣬽һڻؾ˵һ⣬Ҫ¡ڳ֮¸Ĵ𸴡
˵òãûϲˣһҲ뿼⣬οڻˣ˭ͬһžͻ巳ġ
οһأȫȫΪԼһأ
ãٿǣʱϲļҶɣҪĸ󽲣𲻺˼Ӧ㣬Ļ£ǿ㣡Ц
ŮһûСŮģϾϰɣ
ллʣЦ绨ӯӯ°л
ҪлȻʱһҪֲãίԼˡ
㸸ʵ˼ҪԼأҪúллʺЦʮѵõİ
ǣһһ̵ŮŮϴĹ˶ŵľȡƣǰ
ллĸһлĸлңлмӣĸɽΪڴˣһԸҳٲʢ೤Ըĸ٣Ҹ֣
˺ЦӹƱٶһ˸ʺԼһ㣬һ
˺ͻʺоƣԼŮȡ飺
֪һУǺǸĸͣԣøĸ֮ﾴϣ𾭣ȫǺԼֳ˫״ˣ
Ծϲؽӹ㡢ּһǡ˵ĸѱһǡҩʦʺжϸ
飬ͿԿǺֿУǵŮһԵС˶飬ղ˵ԼԸĸصĸ֮飬ףԸǽ٣
 
 
ˣǸждת˵ 
θ׼ʲôһֱߵ̫˹Цʵ 
ϲ磬ʲô֮ĳƺʱͲССԸˡ 
ȥˣֳߣ濴ͬͬĸ߷ĿգЦûлҵС÷¹ǷأĶҵǴ˵е󣿡 
Ǵˣ˹ЦЦҪ˵ˣܵõӳϲĿ 
Ϊҷ˲İɣҺϲأҲ׷ʡҹ֮ʱϲµ󣬳ĸĸֵܣ˵û 
ϲͺãģ쵯һˣ˹Ц 
ţֻ˻شˣΪֳ˵족ԼҲöģܶӣͲ˵ 
ҪǷǳԹֵľˣϣĸֳܹķ񡭡 





빬


ҪȻ
飬˰˵
ҪʶĴúɽԼ
ŮҪⴳ
ȷʵһ˵ļ٣ĲѡƫƫһûԳˣ
ͳ죬ɳ˿Ϣʳ÷ͳ콭ϣ÷ǻʼʿߵȼģͳлʳʿ
ûУϷǳգһŻʳǵİȫıǹ񶼷ɲιҳߣȻûõһϢ˵֪뿪ġ
ҲҲˣص
ǣֻشˡ÷˵ʼʿӢеľӢŪˣǾòŻ۵ˡ
ɳǧɽ˵ǽе̺ʽŻ̵ʱҵΪСѾͷġ
һĻʼҹȻʲô˲ܣԼߺĿ籩꣬Ϊʲô
̫ᣬ֪գΪ磬ƽʱһƽǣиʲô⣬֪ͷ
е㲵ݣ̾˿ҵ׼Ը
ĴʹһȺܺòˣ˵ǵǣˡ
ԸŽϵƽµģվǲķŮ⣬ҪڵضԳΣԸɡ
뵱꣬Ҳ˵
ʱҲȥʶƽ˵˽ͨ˵ӣһʱ䣬˵ľװյĿ࣬յֻʱ书ǿĽһѡ
Ķǣȥߣʶʲô伲ֻ࣬ǣûҪ۰ŮȥЩ
ֻǣСѾͷȥԵͷĻֹǷģԸɣ
΢ףҵ͵ذбù֣ϸϽӦͬΪһ׵ģֵŮİΣŮûÿľˣ¸ĸİǹΪӵˣŶŮծʱҲû
 
 
ȥɣ˶Խϵ 
˳ȥˡ 
ٿ˿Ů飬εЦȥο·󣬾һֱĵʳѰĻʺ 
ϣʺڴƹٴѶʴƹ޹˼˰Ĩᣬƹ˵Ⱥѹѹһȫֲ̿սѡ 
ɨһȺɪɪ̫๬Ůض̫ܹâ 
дƹˣȫǨ£ȥ湫ƣȥٷԸȥκ˲й©£ 
˵۱ú䣬˭й©£ɱ⣡ 
֪⣬Ӷ֮ģԶû̫ƽʢ۱ôķƽɱаڣǱìܣܻĻϲģ 
Ҳʲô֮Ҫˣǻ᲻ֶΡ׺ݵġ 
ǰȺˣóȥŮ÷Сƽǣȫᣡ 




ǧ


ƹԸй¶֮£âϽӦţ
ͬʱָµ˸Ͻ£ƹһ˵ȣһǲ£Ⱥﰭϻʺۣ˴˿͸֮ˣ
ôµģ˶ԼᡢǿջЦӭĻʺЦ
û£ģֻʺЦֻɵˮԵóˣбڣôأ
ǣŮһ˶ûⰡСƵĹŮ̫̺³ĺӣҪչԼ
㰲ȫû£ճҪô죿
ƽʱǺȱˮ˷̵ĽСŮ⣬ҪԾͷġһ뵽ˣ飬磬۲ѡ
ֻﵣţؾ߶߶ñ͸һķķҡ
黢ȻɷȻΪʺ󣬵Ѳģ˿ԼԲӦͣ˾ˡ
⣬Լﻹִġ
ֻǣ߶ȴ̲ס߶ʳһֱһ⣺
ܰͩ˵ôùģûҪ˰æڻҲûýϵ˷֣ǰ˼ⰡûǻͷӣҲڳӰΣЦ
ĴŮ
ǰˣλεȻǰҲкһ棡
ŵԣݸΪЦ
չЦεЦ壬дһܰޱȵЦ⣬˸жģӵӶЦˡ
ʵ˵ֻʺҲɻ󣬴Ӵƹ⣬عжٵҪȥأ
ڣº󣬽ϵ¾εǷټϱ˵Ѿڱһжã
Ϣ˲
ֻǣŮȻȥҽ
 
 
⵹֮⣬һشҽյò⿿Լºڣûģ 
ŵôˣ¶Ц 
֪ǣҵģһǣδȫֵʵ֪ 
֪빬ߺϾ뵽Ĳʡ鲻Ը뿪Ǹط 
ǺڲѣǸýʱαͷŶԡ 
ҹ·׷صг̣Ҳûн·ϵĵˣεǵľΪܡ 
֪Сû湻Ȼ 
ڳʱͲԼ۾ǸƤЦݵĻСѾͷȻǵĽ 
Ƕׯ硢ĹȻװСȻ˵У 
Ǹ꣬ǼϤһУһĶصɤǸͲҿ϶Լжϡ 
ԭһʥİҲһƽͨСҰݣ 





Ϊԣһ


ԣڰۣ
÷ͷСѾͷķʽ·õɨɨģ
һͨʽ򵥡һĺɫӣƤ̴ֽ֪磬գʵͻСֻʮģ⾰
Ǻصĺ桢ϲƤɫֻʣƻһ崿գȫļǡĿֵڼС
װ磬һǱߣôע⣻
һ֮ȴ׷ű˿֣ôҪԼġоҪ֪ˣǸˣʼҲҪӵġ
ƽռŮװ磬ǶҲֻԼ
һ·ҹ̵ı˰£Ըϵεǣ
·ϵļҲգв㱻ƭС͵ȵȾվҲɣƽţǳ˼ʶˣ
ֻҪϵεǣһжֵõģ
Ϊգͽ䣡
·ϣһֱԼսʱ䡣
ʽս֮ǰ˽⣬ʽĻսʮ󣬵ʱҪɳʽʽı䣬ʱҪʱһ£
ò̾Щ˵£ΪôһεµһսԾۼεǳԺּ£
δλսǱճŲӴˣֻεǴṩһЩסǰˣľͰεǶӭݡ
ԣʵԼ취ʳ⣬εַǷҲȷʵʿһδʢᡢۻᣬҳôѵûдͽᣡ
Ƽÿ˵̫࣬Լѧҽõʵ
ʲô취óЩ黭ʫʸ踳ȵȣطôü粻ֲᣬֽԼľƲķһ
ڣҽ
ڣεΪʱ̣ãϴκȲǼҲԱߣ˼䷿ӣ˼Ұƽҩ̡
֪εǷݶ붼ǵĲҵķӣҲǵģǸεǵİȫ⣬ԣʹ߻ӵʱ̣εǵİȫǺܲġ
˵ǻµһǲǣ˭ָȥոƵǣ
 
 
ѡطһ߿֣һҲ˵ˣЩԸǶ٣ȲȱǮֲ뿿Ǯɸ̡ 
Ļʼҽ죬ЩпɱȵģЩ֮Сˣ׾٣ֺֿá 
һ˴򶷣׼ǰ֡ 
ңҲڴÿ㳡ĨɫӰ 
ϧǣÿҪÿʱ̶ֻ̣ܶͣһҪսҲһ˲սپսϾͻ뿪·ֻڳƵġ 
Ĳٳ⣬ЩдˣֻеСԣľʡ 
ÿĳȺӿǰȥû书ļùЩʿûǰ˵˺üƤˣ۵ļʱһһġ 
ʱҲԼ̫ڷΪһزʶģԼŪǱƫƫ黹֮ãóʵʵڣ˵ȥƲģ 
ⲻһͬ˼öᣬԶԶȺ֮⡣ 
ΣôҪʶˣôԶרΪĻòĵġ 





Ϊԣ


γεǣҲһεͼЦ
ݷù˭ȥõȥҪʶ˭
Ҫ˭ңҪʶ˭ֻҪǰȥ֨һֻҪ΢¶⣬ļҲǵӭӴ˭СĽ̺ǰ
ԣ֪ȥʶģ
дһŰĻϲȥǣеʶģѣ
ϣڵӺǳֵȣֱƻ趼ûκϢǵӵ˵ĸͲӼˣûȤ
ڽϼżԼͲֵһģ
йʶʵ޷ʱܵĴڣĵܿ콫ʧԺģ׷ĵӰ
Σ¶ģ֪Լ˵СĽ˵ı΢ҲҪƴ׷ǰȥĽʶ
ҪʶҲ֪иһֱΪȲʣңҪ⽭ĺ֮ģʶӦ˽صĽݾ֮һ
ֻĽѣʶʶѣ֮⣬Ҳ룬ôССԸӦûʲôɡ
Сͨ죬ڼһȺΪĶȵĽɫָȺǰ棬ת뿪ʱþ̵غţ
¹ӣҽ䣬ʶҺܸˣ
Ȼ۵ɤû˵ĺȲʡУǾֵ˵ӦӬҲİɣ
 
 
׼뿪ģĻͻȻףٴɨһȦٴȺ䯹ҲɨεС 
Ŀ⣬ʱŵҪӺطΨеءֱس 
˵ʱ·һˣȫѪҺֻͷȥģڲţС޷Ƶ΢΢ 
ȫ˵һ飺䣬¹Ӻã 
ϧǣĨаȵɨ绨Цգһ̲ͣɨȺ󣬻δĻûٶԶˡ 
˼׷ţܵЩ죬˵ȺֲĳĵŮǣҲ׷ϵġ 
йͣһμ棬ʹûԼģС͸ 
ˣòѡ 





갢


ḧżģȥ
ӣô
һػ
̧ͷվǰǱ־ĺЦꡣ
ɷɣϲЦкȻ󲻺˼Цû£ղܲˣôΪҪҲ˼˵Լ׷ܰ
λаɵӵܣҲһɫµīӣԼʮ**꣬ģ⣬ֻȻִǱȽϵײģǱ۸
밢ദʱȻ֣Щ˲ǻ֮ˡ
񰢷ɱɵС۸ǵĸǣڳҲǾԲԴСģǺЦһԿţʱָ㰢һʲôģҲȻָ㡣
Ҳ룬ҲһԿžǡ
ֻǣΨһƽǣǵĵӸڶ࣬񰢷ֵ˲࣬УӦҲǼεǶԻֵڶ࣬ԣߣǱһȺָµΧŪʱЩƤˡ
Ϊ˵Եʣʶ
Ӵ˺ÿ춼ƽãʱ֡ȣȻ̰һˣһ𿴱˴򶷵֣ΪεõѺ顣
Ҳϰʱǰಽؽʱһ仰˵ôЦŸ󣬷·ÿ¾ֻôЦá
ǰıСӵϷֻҪʱҲڳͻһ棬Ϸɡ򵥣
ֻǣ֪ΪӵܵԵʣǽ˾ӣɳ˰⣬˵¡
Ȳ˵ǵ£Ҳ˵ɡ˵£˵ԼҲӲ
ʹ֮ģҲһʵˣ˵˵Լ۾۲졢˽⡣
ңһƻʱ֣ɾͻἱҴһȥ˵ԼһҲԼʱʱһ˵
ʹ֣Ҳʡ
ûɶ㺹ľСɺص
Ȼ´һȻӣգգۣѲͻȻͨҪʼˣһ𲢼ݺὭ
ͬʱŻŲȥ
ĵ٩ǺЦˣΪ⡣
ֻǣģüˡ
 
 
ôˣ첲صӱһӣ첲һ˿ڻеѪ 
㲻Ǹ˵˾Ͳ𣿡ԼΪ⣬ӶÿҲѾϰˣЦѾ΢һ£ûϵģ 
⻰˵书΢˵񰢷ְлΣֲǺܸߵˣȫİˡ 
ȻȥƣҽƤ˺ܿģһҽˡ 
ðЦЦУһĨĲС 
ס˽ŲǰС 
飬֪ЩҪҰ鷳ˡ 
΢һ㿴ˡ⼸ëͷСһֽϵ͵һ࣬ɵֹ˷ɫʮһģ 
ɷȥɣԼҩȥȻ֣ǲĿɱ˱⡣ 
£ȴһȥ!ɰο 
Ҫǻ·ߣεص 
ˣɿЦ 





Ӧսһ



ǵСӣһ£ȺԾԾ˷ܵѾǰòץһ书ĵӣǼֱͷʣ
Ҳѹ㼤ʵ̫ǿƣսǵˣĵȼ֣˼δﱻˣǼ׼ȷ类ҳ⽴Ͷ̥תȥˣ
һж߲ˣҪսǵ񫣬ҲֻƵİˣȻ˭֪ǵľݣǵĵ֪ɣȴֲǺϤ
ңԼ߰ɣ֪ӦǺ书Լǣǿߵġ
ãͣ½ŲЦȺǰ
еݵؿŰɡ
ǵģһСӣͶ֮䣬Ҳдҷ緶
ֻǣǼ˽Χģȴ޷һæǶû书ֲӵܵȫ
ˣǸ˵˴ʲôͣؼ
ϧĻһ˿ķǰĻ߷磬ȫȻᡣ
ӣûϵǻСҽٰξǣЦŶԷǳ߿ǰο
Ƕǵ㵽ΪֹģСŮʲô˶ģȱ첲ȵģ
Բ˵ڵأ
ʲô
ˣ
ϾһСŮ˵٩ķһڵغˣ
㲻ۣȻΪ밢һԣ
˾һֺͲмǵ⣬ҲΪ⣬ֵøĵطǼص
˵õ㵽ΪֹǰԼõ𣿡
㵽ΪֹǾ㵽Ϊֹ
ΪԼǸ֣
һȺѧղСӣҲԼжָͣûʲôأȫƲԼЩһҪôܸɣҲôҲʣ
Ҳ߲Ķȥ˾ǵƤˣ֮ĸˣ˺ɣɿƽϵ̺Сģض
 
 
ǵȵȣæֹóԼ˿ʾⰢɽ첲ݹ 
΢첲ͳŪ֮ǰܵǵ˿ڡ 
㣬ʲô˵ȵòͷص 
ǲʶĴߴ٣һֱЦƢİɣҲ΢¶ã 
ֲ뿪λʱ䶼ܵȣ΢УɨһȦΧߵȺͷˣһӴһ޷Ǽ˲˷ӡĴ˴˶һۣʱͣȫԶصȺ 
ֻǣһĻϸ˵ûѡ 
ʲôң־ûɫҲеѧװɣˣǸʸûĻ£µǶôһȴ԰ڣôط̲ס˼ң 
ǰŵСͷ­ĻǺÿش 
һߵСĵز˿һƲؼ 
֮ҲŹ˼ҴܣöҶǺأ˶Ǽ˵ıĺͲм 
ܣ 
ô˵ǺоåһŶ 





Ӧս


ֻоôͼĴܣ
ǿǽӵܣ书ǽĺ֮㣬ԺΪֵķģЩоСɱģ
˭ܱ֤ǵоͲƵġ¥һ
СŮ䣬Ҳ˵д裬Ǵܣ
֮ǰ˵ҡǸˣ˵ͨ죬ٶ˵±СѾͷץסͷЦ̲סԾô
ǴȺܣ˵úܶԣǼɳɲ˴ֻؿŵ׵ڸĻȫȻԼô˵ǵǼһҧгݣ޲úݺݽѵһ٣ֻݡ
ֻǰòþ˿ѿѪȻҩؿԼĽȻЦſȥúʹ⼸Сһ٣ŬŶԱľ
ãЦЦ˳Ȧ⣬γŵһͨԴ
ס㵽ΪֹԼ˵ģӺɷ򣬿ɲʳԣǵվǲĵģƾǵͣһҪԸ⼸˻еѵġ
Σƫƫ˵ǣʱȻûǵ·ȣȻûæ򣬵ٿһ󣬱֤ð˽ǣ̫صˡ
һ˳ԷȲضˣ˵Χ²е㲻ȣƿ֧ţϣɱֹһСʡ
ˣˣ˵ĵ㵽Ϊֹˣô򣿡Ա߼˵Ļô
ʲô취ʱ˵ĵط԰⣬޷κʵڵ£εǵΨһһѣ
ƫƫ˵ˣýĻ
ɷɣǲˣЩȫô˴һ˵Ҳ
Ⱥ˲ǣŰɺ
 
 
õģӣǱ֧ŵͬʱлشһмסһ꿳һһȰλ̨͵Ϊֹɣǣλ̣ 
ֻǣսļˣò׵ᣬڿ൱ǵ̣ð;ϣ䣬ȫûͣ˼ 
ȺˣߣۿŶԷûֵͣĴ㣬ҲۣܵǰŰɵĸ첲ߣ 
ֻǣԵһȺѧղˣܽԼѧڶԵ֮ʱ磬յסӳĵ򰢷ɵһӲȥ 
ǸεεСҲջƫƫѻӳҪӲı䷽򣬶˵ѣֻܼô󺰣 
 
ֻǱ䣬ûҪ˵ǲ书ˣ 
ֱҪ赹ȥ 





һ㰡


ӣӦ˵İɣڴһ붼ö룬磬첲ƿС֣סСӵͬʱԼĸ첲ȥסǾֱȥĵ
Ƿǳһպ򰢷ɵĸ첲ȥ
һӾͣ
ʱ䣬·˺ܳܳ
ӵ꿴Űɵĸ첲˵
ãã
ûѪܵĶϱۣ
ɵĸ첲Ƥ˶ûУҲúõģӵδɣ
ԼȻʱס˵
갵һԼĨȥϵĺˮһ̫Ҫٻö꣡
ֻҪûˣңһӶãԲסаɵ꣬Ҳ޷Լʦǣ
ֻǣԼеĵ㶵˵
УȻֻаصĴѰǲ־ȻúڵϣļֵƵıȻϳ룿
˭ĵϣ
λ꾪滥
еĻ귴ӦĴѰ
˭ڰظ꺰Ӧֱ϶ڰ굶ˣӦþǵˣ漴ֺǵĸ֣ˣڰʲôӢۺú
һǵˣҲпܵģһѵ
ˣǲˣпܳġ
ңӦøлⰵ֮˲Ŷԣǲ㴳´Թ޳ģھ֮˽Ķ˰һֻ첲ʦǲ˼ҲŹ֡
ǿǸ첲ҲԶϸ첲⣬ʱҪô⣿
˭Сүĵδ꣬ûˣʼԼĵʦڽʱĵмģֳСүԣðСүĵʲôͣ
 
 
ɵӣûĶļµʵûмȥѰǸ֮ˣٽȺ֪ߵغֻעؿŻ̲֪һȦС˶ 
һз̫죬ֻһ˲¶ѣ֪ԼղжΣգֻ΢ɻץŰɵĸ첲ôһڰɻ 
һθıȻᵽġʮʵĻ㣬Ӱɢ 
ֻֻ㼫ޣ㿿Ų 
ɾȻѬ㣿 
Ҳö룬ץ𰢷ɵĸ첲ߣ 
˲ӶȺ˸Ƿģɷɱˣ 
õģӵģЦãԼߡ 
ķӦûˣҸͲ֪ղžʲôΣգȻˣҲͲ£̰දԺηηη塣 
ֻǰǴδסôһ˲ŵֹͣ£֪ܻƽ 
ȺѰΧδҵʲôҲδҵ֮ˣǣҲߵԶˡ 








£ҿ˶ˣصӣҩ䣬һֱಽİɵ
еССԺӣסмԺӵ¥ϣԺǼ򵥵ĳȣԱߵĲ̽Է⣬ึǮϰŮСݣֵİæչ
Űϵˣò̾Ӧ˵Ǿ仰ԴʶÿҵҽΣͲˡ
ǾͷСҽˣЦԹԹ£ҽΡҽδʶģЩСˣĻȱĴöࡣ
Сҽ֮˵ģҽε˳ƺģҽãСС͵ҲһζƤ̰棬ʵѧҲŵȳʹδϰ䣬ܾ徫
ҩ棬εһЩҩҩۣڰ˿ڲ࣬˶ᣬҩˮϴ˿ں󣬽ҩ۷ϣøɾãܿͽܵļ˴ˡ
ʼȥ֮ǰõ˿׼ǵ˿ڣȴܿˣƲǴ˿ڡ
ôؿıá
ѾõòˣƣЦЦվ
㣬Ҫ˼ǵŶˣҲ֡Щˣ˺ܲϵģ֮ʱŻԼע⣬Ͻҽ
ԸΣǸˣܸҽ
ˣǶĶƵģ˼ˡ
ûвˣʵ
һۣ
˵ҺûҽƵģ²Լܳȥ棿صôǰûвΣǻβġ
һ⡪ĳӦǺܲµ²˾ܣڰɻûʶǰ״
һ뵽ˣظϽֻһЩƤˣܿʹˣ˵λߣڽƻʱһΣûˣ
˵ƤһһξͿˣ˾ͲͬˣҪķһ㡣
ߵ˭ҽΣ
ıģԼ׺ܶ˵һ㣬вѵĿԣʲôģûҪô࣬˷ѱ£Ը߾͸ߣҲν
οҲֻ棬湻ͻ뿪ʱһ죬˭Ҳټ˭ģŪŪ˭岻
 
 
׼ô棿İۣΪЦˣ֪Ƿǳ̰ˣģʵ 
ǺЦˣ 
ԲȥԼݣֻһ̰ˣĺӶѣԾ棬طԼû֪˭ 
ǣһһСӣĹ㳡ϣıŶͯϷ 
ȿԹҩ̣ҽƲֿԿĵĴ򶷡 
ֱһ٩úܾĵˡ 
ɣֻһ㣬ÿһֱ֪ԭܵģô 
һĨɫӰ֪ʱվǰЦؿòֺѵĺӣɵɫǳ˺Ͳ˼顣 
ʱסˣɵ㶵ؿǰ꣡ 
Ȼģ 








ľȻǰ
޷⣡
Ϊһ֮󣬾ֻеټأ
С
ȻҲ˵ô
ô죬ҪΪưˡ⻹һ˵ԵؿģҸ̫ͻȻ֪ôӦˡ
ÿڸأ㵲ˣǰɲΪ⣬˿²˵ܲǶסһ޷ȥ
ɵûΪӵܣΪǶĸеη𾴣λܲ
ɣȥú̺͵棬ڻǰС˵©죡һλֱв
ղźأԭæһػضˡ
µĻŰЦÿ֮ЦиζѰζ
ζѰζؿŰЦţǴĨаȵЦգʱɷһֱɵ۵俴õɴۡ
֣Լֻôɵɵص
Ǻÿù֣ȫĽֲô׷ܣӵо⣬ҲԼıǮǣһһЦҲǼƷܰ
ǵ̸˽⣬ԭǻ¥̴ô
ֲÿģԸĺ˵Ҳеظ̸
˼ϣܵ˽뿴ĻᣬǺѵãղȺＷˣûԸѹ򣬼ֱҪлľˡ
ɨһۺ󣬾Ͳؽעڰˡ
ŲҵģһҲǵĻסص
ɣƽʱ͵㼫ѿˣҲˣֻ棬Լְðɣĳص
ǿڴҶӵķϣźޱ˵ĻģⰢƽʱûֻ˵ǻ¥̴Ӷѣ¥ȻºͿףȻ˵ǻ¥Զݣм󣬿Ҳ̫¥ĺ˰ɡ
ǾǣֻظԼ£¥ƢˣҲпܵģ˵ʱĺأǷǳڴģ
 
 
ͼλģǾҵˣɺһģܲصУɲÿһ£ 
СһǲҲ̫ûдСûˣü 
һС˶ԣɿ˵Ǻģǻ¥Сˣ㻨¥ĵĽֳʮ飬ǲеģȫС 
ֻԿλһۣǲҪ̫֣˼첻ٶ໰ˡ 
ӴţеŶ 
Լȴ٩£ȴֲ֧¸һҲò̩ɽҿʼע⵽ǱƵļطĴ 
ôã֪ˣΪؤأ 
˴ɼ򵥽͵ 
ԣĴ 
Ȼˣ˭ôӣҶ£Ŀ֣֮ 
ǿ°ͶȻؿԼĽģ˵ 
û뵽˲Ҫ˵һ٣ 
ǼʶˣԭȻһ棿 





ԭ


Լʶ׽ˣľ͸һɡ
ԭҲǸ߽಻ʵԭҲ͵һ棬úܿףʮֿɰģ
ǿżǷ
ɿЦŵģΪֻǼֱҪᣡ
ң
ʲôĲҵģ
˭ͱˡɵص㵽òÿǶûˣ
ҪǸңΪʲôһģһǿԿÿģɵĵӣľȤյЦȥܰɵˣɻˣӦСɵģֵʡ
ܣ
ڶ˵ۣע⵽ɴľȻҲɫıľֻɫСɣ
˼ˣֻ︡Ȥ棬ݸЦˡ
ʲôܣͱ˵ɸһۣȻı·ߣԱߣûǸӵɫһ𣿺ÿɣ
ʲôӣ·أôù֣ļȡЦ
Ȼйֹ֣
ŽעһֱһԸֶСŮϣǰСҰݵĳʱɫ΢䣬ͫ΢ա
ֻһȺû֦չ޹ŮУһСҰһۡ
ֻǣʱϸ²ŷֿ֣֮ºƽͨСҰݣȻ˾٣ͿһɫСˣ
ӣôȻ˵֣ԹͬʱױƵĽŵǺܰɣΪѣŻ·һ֪һԡ
¹Ӻãҽ䣡ĿЦҽܵ
䣿
üˣ
ִʱİ
յһ䡱İˣֿʶĹʶˣ˿ϣдöô㣬ûȤȥЩŮӵԸ
磬Ҳһǳн˵¹ӣҽ䣬ʶҺܸˣ
һ㣬һ֪ϰĹҵһʵ˶Ҳϰ֮ˣ
ʱϣڴǸˣɨȺʧط֣ûг˼ĺĨٻӰ
񣬵׵С΢ǽĶλλһվĲ桪쿴յͬһǶȣ
ʱ̰ǰСˣ
 
 
һ㴿գ 
ԭ֮ǧмһ˵СҰݣΪ֮Ϊ֮ȼյǸ˶ 
Ǽ죬ΪͻȻضʣӴˣҲŲ 
ÿ춼иȺѰ浾绨ٻӰ 
Ѿȥײٳǰ֪ͬһˣԶܻʶĻˣδϹټ뷨 
û뵽ֻصεǣӦյİİɣΪ֮ſʼȺпСҰ. 
ֻǾû뵽ǲ۵СѾͷѣ 
ô˵һصݷ 
һƽϢԼģʼϸǰ˶ 
û뵽ԭСȫһС޶ 
ĴСϣǻƤɫƻ׵ʣһѰĺɫֿ֮£ȫͨòͨоŮ 
ϸԽԽζٲ˵ˣüĽҲ˵ˣر峺Ȫһġڰ׷ͫ˿˾ˬ崺磡 
û뵽ԭģεǣ 





ԣһ


˵ʵ˭ô۶뵽ͨòͨѾͷȻηװر˭Ҳŵؽϵġ
ڵƤʣȫˣҲѹһٴһֱڿѰ٣ȻԼƤӵ£
òĵһĴָװһûٷֱرûϤĻ޷ϳ
Ǳô
ʱǿյһǣ֪ҪѶʱŻ³
Ƕһ
ܣûЩӰǣ
һټС㣬Ըװ⸴ӵĽΪ֮ǰģΪʶΪ֣
䣿
һֻһ˲䣬˼תŬ룬˵֮Ƿ
ϤʶĽУûзģ㲻ǽŮǶôϣͨ˼ŮԼҲףźǣǡ
ֻǣϲټͬʱȴüˡɳ˫ԣҪһɫ·ĵز
ģһֱƶ׷Ϊǰ㣿ʱֻɵɵؿԼĿתΪǰ㣿
䣿һбһۣüһ̧ʰɵ𣿡
һСߴСޣ಻ᳬʮ꣬СҲԼж󣬶˼ҵˡ
ҡ䲻֪ôشˣ
֪ԼڵװԼСҲ˼Լͣ˵Լʮ˰ɣ
˵ȥﲡڷֱƵģ⣬õŷֱ
õİ취ǳĬɣ
ǸͱˣܺÿɣЦΪԵʣǾɫܺÿˡ
ֻǣ΢΢ĿһһʮˣûרעؿĸŮӡ
ӡĶκŮӶǲмһ˵ģֱԹһˣ
ΪԭĲŶۣǡ
ȻЦüͷ΢΢е˼ؿģ
ǺѿɣһԲ棬˵жľжģ˿ԼķУȡЦ
棿
䲻Ǻܶؿ
أʲôǲ棬ûʶͲˣĵĻͿԿ϶Բǳ޾ˡ
 
 
ȻֻóĬӦԣ 
ˣûˣ;ͱ˵ɺһۣȻ³кܶҪæ𣿡 
ðѣһߵģЦЦؿŰɣСڰʾ˰ɣҲ룬æĸ˵µģ 
ڱչ»һ㡪ھء 
Ϊ»뿪ÿһ죬ֳһСѰһһֱŲµ֮⣬ʱֻרıչأŲ 
ȴи˽ӱչŪһ˵ԼкҪҪæӦæ 
ڰȫ춼æµŻսˣ 
ʱרȥӭݼͣսճ̰ţЩĳ˵°ɣ 
õνҪ£Ϊֻܱı 
֪Ȼܣµһսʢ£ҪҪأ 
ԣ֮⣬ͻȻһţ򰢷ȥʱͼ߷ݷɳȥԶƽҩ̵ǽϣ 
ôһ֮ھˬˣЦֱȻƵص 
ôѣ㡪ˣ 





ԣ


ۣ
û뵽һ˺ģʳ仰
ȻǰаȵùֵĿӣ
ڵĺ°ɻˣ˵ʵأӦûûУôһ˲һеģ˵Ӧ÷ǳϤ磬Ӧöе⡣
ɲ֪Ϊʲôǰˣǲǰ˵ģɱ˵ģ
οǰԼģйٱеٶۣ˼Ҳٶۣ˵ҲٶۣӦҲǳٶ۶ˣ
عһǻ׿ǽϵİɣûԽѡֶϽŵѪܲҳ棬һֱģһӷ
ֻҪ޷ʰˣκõģһҲ£
ֿģЦˣֻǣĳȴŨһ֣
ҲֻǰⱻΪһħͷˣŻ˵
޷󣬻˭Ե޹ʡԤطһˣƫƫǳţ⣡
ǰĺ޹˼ɣÿЦݣ֪ʱﶨǾʹޱȰɣ
֪ΪΣ˼ΪøˣֻҪÿĿ֣ҲǸ˵ģԶΪ͡
Ǵ򣡡ֻش
Ǹ°ˡ
ģͣ
Ҫ밢һԣҲɣ棬ԻǾ÷ǳ㣬Ǹе⾪ϲˡ
ʱͣһ̡
ʹԡֻһͶѣһУԵģ㣬һֱǳ
ԣҪ˵棡
ԣʶһ˽Ҳ֪иһֱ׷Ӱ
ͺúҽΰɣ
ûеָʣ˲ĵݣͣ仰Цﳤȥ
ĿԶɿܻذߣ
 
 
վֻǣȻΪ˱ֱײǽ£ɻƳǽϣȥֱײȥƲ΢Ĳˡ 
ǰ˵һǴϰ󣬲鿴󣬺ܿ죬ҵûˣûĹײ⽴ˣˣ 
ĿµһְǼʶģٸˤͷѪСͣĵֵùһţӰڵοӦǷǳƣܺõؿԼģ 
𣿡ڵȴҧгݣп˵ 
û 
ûŹ֣ 
ǻСӸղһţ˰˳ϵ£ܳ⣬ûٵһ» 
ǱЦЦµڶҲԵֵĸղһţ 
ǻСʲô̼ȻͻȻѣǰĺݣ 
ҩܿͻָģСץŰɵƣϸ쿴ƲƣŪ 
ãˣЦ 
ȻСǱҪǵЦȻֻǣŵײ쿴Ƶġ紺С˶ȴĨ 





ԭ¥һ


ҹɫʣ
°ɣסİ¾ǰĶǴʱŴӭݻ
ǣ˴Ӧţȥ
ºȴͣ¥ǰûнȥ˼
ҹУ¹ʣ͸¾¥ǰЩ޴ĲŨ°߰ߵӰЩ߲ӰҹӯԾš
ԾأĿ⿴ڵķȻôԶͿԴ֪װǸССҩ̣
ղŻʱ·İƽҩ̣ȻעǸ۵Сֻ꣬ҩѾˡ
ѾϢ˰ɣ
Ǹ̰صСŮһң⸴ӵĵطȻˮڣòӦ
һֱټĶˣֻû뵽ټ֮ĸо˵Ĺ죬֪֮ô죡
ʵͬһ˵ǣҲûһɣ
ֻǣȴһ˵㺣ʵزģ֮ȥ
͵أջĿ⣬ѹĵף̧¥ӵ¥ȥ뻨¥һ»ս£ʱ²òĵģ
ȥչ»ǰЩĴϣ뻨¥ȴɹʶ
ӭݻ̸콣ɽׯͿɽׯͷңӡĽݸȼɣȫ֧ǣʱǻɵӲμӻսдѡ
̹ͱʾεǣȴҲȷʾֻ֧֣ǣõ߱ȴ˵Ӧ̹ĵǰȴκӰ֪Լ߱׼ʲôԭ
ǽѪˣ񲻼κζ˵ЦЦλģЦЦ˶ʶܣ˰ƶѷ֣һֱڰ·ƴ
ƫƫЦЦҲβףʶĿΪ˱ʾԼλĹԣЦҼҹҲǹ涨ЦҶڽ㽭ǼҲ͸¶ġ
ʵЦЦλ͸֮һЦϣ
ʲôʮ֣ʵһս֮ʱأǿԼ򵥻еο֮һ羮֮ܣ˵Լµڼ
 
 
ǲµһǲں 
ǣΪˣ˵ȻԼӦ񣬾ǴӱԼѡбǵҲͦƺھĲ֮Ϊ 
ôֻԼʵһλȥֵܵùһСɵİ 
ǴδչԼʳѹɣһԵĺгУ۴Сɣչ˶ʡĽ 
һ˼Щһ߽ٻʢ¥ҹУ 
¹ˮй԰ 
ڻ԰еͤһ°꣬ʵؿϣһֻش࣬һֻŵسŶȴץһʲôϣʹů紺Цݣ⾲ҹ£ҲȻ˼ĵˣ 
ͤĽǹŵķٻ΢Ĺ£߽ͤĿ壬ŶȻһɫ˿ 
ͤӣؽ˿պãӣģЦŻô 





ԭ¥


ʱڣᾪ밢߷գֻǣ̬ӺݴȣǰɵǺͺ
ǵģ¥ľ͵Լûǵɫ˿ӦĶ档
ԭ꣬ȻǴġЦЦΪµһĻ¥
δڵʱһ˴󵱵ĸоôô嶯ôһֳŶǾ䡰硱ôҲԸгڵˣ
ʵ£٣̣ǣһ꣬־ˣˣ硱Ҫеó
ĴСǹ¶Сڽˣϻ¥ĸӣһֹ⾰ɣ
Ϸ˸ĸů¥֣Ѱмӣֵ֮ܵװԣ˵ĸӾˣ
˵ʵͶԣ¥ӦñĴһ㣬ƫƫһδڵƢºͿףᣬԣʱķԼǵֳǻ˵һ
ԾܾκˣԶκ˺ȴ޷ܾ¥ĥӲݡ
ΣĽȫ¥һʱ䣬Ҫ»ȡڻսǰϦܹ»ھأ¥˵Ҫµ飬Ҳֻоҹ䣡
¥Ц
֪ͺãڻ¥ĺƤǼֲˣɵȡЦôؤװˣ
ôɫ·ôû£
ǣֻĺͻ¥ĺ֪ɾǻ¥磬ֻǣ΢˵װȥԼƣ̬ȫ˸ı䣡
ǰ¥ҲֻżɰɣһԻײ˽ʵʵ飬ʵɣиһ񾭡
ǵĵɻ󰢷뻨¥òϵļ񣬵Ǿĳ֤ʵǻ¥Զݣǻ¥Сˣ֮ϸر𣬾Ͳ˻ˡ
 
 
˭뵽Ǹ书΢ʱ˵갢ɣµһϴӵеһ֡һôġνġ߸ϵĻ¥أ 
ֻȻ簢ɰˣΪɵ㣬ȻȥСϷڴϱıþ߷ʱҲû㾪õ˵ڵأ 
֪µһѹҪԼķʽѹĻɣ¥ǲҲ̫һ㣡 
лȥ֯ȥˣĳΪؤװ¥Цˡ 
ǲûأǿΪĺӣصطƵҲһֱü©ɣʱҪ֪ɾǻỳµһҪ̨ˣ 
һӣϲĻһǣʲôķԼԽԽ˽Լˣ 
¥ֻЦЦʹ¶ͣǿؿģЦůɣòƺصҪҲĺ˼أ 
ɰɣǣԲκ˳ݡĿ⣬ľúܿɣ 





ԭ¥


ɰһ𣬻¥ľú졣
ԸĶԵİɣ
ѾͷССͣȴҿóǴĶԽ棬ļҵߺϸҲΪκ¡
˵ʵҪ뼸λһţ뿪䣬ŪÿζǴҴҶƫƫԼΪ
ʶʱǰɣǳƭҪ˵ƭԼˡԼġ
ҿûôģҲûǷ£㻹ԼɣĲмѣ˵˵˵˽⵽٣һܣϸһ£ڸ˵иף˼һһĴ㣡
˵ҪĻ¥׷˶˼ڻսϣ
Ȼǵأǵĳ٣ЦЦĽаλʮ
һλÿλзֹľͲռ鱨Ϣ˽սѶǺεǵİȫճǵӵĹĳظִúͼල
¥ǲĹͨЭȥӭݣĽݸĽݱͿɽׯذμذκͷϼů콣ɽׯ硢ңӵңȸ͸ǻ¥
ÿλ£ָһã¥ãĵããٵãһ
»и̽ãϷɣѼѶóߣṦһȵȣͲڴһһ׸
ΪĻ¥˵ȫ֣ʵʱ͵㣬ģĺΣƫƫû¥û취
ãһ¥Ӧ÷ǳˬ죡֪Լ͵ÿԣ϶ˬĻڵѱһߵԼ¥ǽϵͱڻˡ
 
 
ȻԼڹأЧһС˺ܿͻ᲻ζŻΪϧܵСˣֵܣеĸ꣬һֱܷǣǱ̫̼ˣ 
˵ģžǣԸôĵ档 
û¥ˬ죬Цˣٶ˵ϻֻԼ֪һһ¥˽ܣ¥š 
ϾҪսˣӦεǡ¥ԣ 
ܣ쿪ʼȥӦսĵҲֻǼλȥӸþˣεǣŲ۲ʵĻᣡ 
¥ͷͬô죡Ӧˣȥ֧Ԯ 
ãȥǣϳһȥЦʱԽԽã 
ãĵ˼¥Цˡ 





ˣ


СҽĶ˵иСҽ𣿡
˸ʡ
밢һ𿴾ı䣬Ϊ̫Ͷ룬֮û䣬ûЩ˺ãֵĳ棬ѹû²ؿš
˵İɣװûᣬ࿴֡
֣ãĽһ߿ӭսһ޵û뵽赸һÿ书أ
ʮɣˮޱȣ
ðЦˡѾͷ佭ŮͬŮν༵㲻༥ҲǼһõġ
ԿһһΣ˶ˣʱ䲻Ȼÿαֺ飬ޱȿĿ֣
ϣӭսذκԼռϷģԴñȽɣذκȴеˣڼš
ڱдʱ䷴ˣҸĻģȻҩǰԭΪҪ棬ÿ󣬻ǴкȻͻһԴһ档
˺ȻؾΧ;Ϣ
⵱ҪıԣҲõشӦܻһսپӣ˵ĻҽΣֱһʷ
ʵ˵ǸǴк밢ɴкɣɲôţĻԸСѾͷ
ôҲΪһֱе׷ܵԵʣֻҪ֣һܾǰˡ
ڲޱȵİƽֻ˽ͨ˼Ů䣬ԣԺƤ׷˼ҿؾúնˣ
СѾͷдмַ;ܾ⣬ǲģ밢ɿЦ
ÿ뿪ı׼طһţߵǽϵڻȻһ䡰Ͳˣΰɡſ뿪
ɳʱľ㵣ϰÿεȻؿ֣ȻĶҲԽԽ׼඼ˣֻһСƣ
Ȼɴǰúܣһûأ˷·һ㣬ĵֹŹȺã˲²׷ף
˶֪ǻ¥̴ӣǻ¥Զף֮һֱûô¥¶棬һʱ⣬ڷ׷ײ²⣬뻨¥֮ǲʲôڣڲ۸¥Ϊ֣
ֻŲǣ
Ϊóֲ֮ͬ˵ĺг㣬˵еĽĽɵģҪã
ĿǰǷǳģ٣Խ뿴ģһԸ޹ʹı׼ǻ⣬Ѿˡ
СҽĶóˣղŵ˺üȣȻе㲻ҽĲãȴܵӰ٣Ҫ˳ظĴҡ
˭еңˣƵػλԼİƽã˵ңֻڳϣģԻҲװûġ
ɱҩ̣ͻȻһ󼱴ٵԶԼ
 
 
ΪǵĹ涨һǾڳģʮ𼱵Ľ£ 
ŤͷԶĿѵǺʹǷ򼱱ȥ 
ʱüͷһ壡 
ʹŴˣ 
һҩߵ䣬ԥһ£תȥˣ 
Ĳ𣬸ĵÿ˶ʽˣȷʵ޷ͣƽûͱʾ 
ûְɵȥʩʩȻǰ 
ⲡеòҲҽصʱһ£ 
ŶôҲɣȴɽɫЦӦ 
ѾͷȻ㣿˾ϲӣе 
ϵóҲ 
Цˡ 
ˣǵǸˣ 





Ĵӡ


ô㶼ˣʵǻһ
ҪǵùˮǺģ̾
ԭˮ˰䲻ȡЦ˭Ҫôɳܣϳսһģֶɡ
ȿȡѾͷղȥȥֺõصһҲƳǴĶ
ǣŮȥˣЦǰʾֱ۸ϡ
һ泡ϵΣʣ˭
˭ûЦ˿˴⣬Ӧûɣڻῴ˶Ϳԣ
Ͳ֪˰ɣϻ仨һĴأ˵
ҪŪԨĽ֪ʶˡ
ǣ̲סЦЦǸĵţ
ȿȡЦЦûôģǽϵЩСӰģû㱻Ǿ仰Ǻǿסԡ
ôλʵ
óľżҳҶ̣ҪЩ֪ʶǽݾңҲҪģʵ
һ˵Щϵ£˾٩٩̸ˡ
׼ȷ˵ǱΪĴӣ
ӣʵӵĻŶô죬ôûȥ
ɵ˼˼ЦŽ͵
ɣ̫Ϸʵ
أȻеӣ书ǿǻģΪµһǶ˶Ȳϵģ⻹ůջϼůΪջӣᣬģҲܸɣ֮󸻺֮һˣǷΪˣȻˡ
һָָֻ㳡ϿֵȺŵվߵλŮӣԱλɫӵŮһƯĽû
Ȼ֪˭ůˣô֣ɲǰ׿ġ
 
 
ˣ֪ǼĽݼҵλذμҵĹĵ׷ߣֻҪһЩ˶ǻһֺͶׯȫһӱúöˡ 
˳ĻǶ续Ľû 
λأҪ˵Ļһõڣʱʡ 
ķʣϲʤ˵ؼ 
÷÷ӡ̹Ḷ́˼٣ӦǴģǰʱˣǶٰ׸̹ͱС꣬ýӶ˸ӹϵ 
ȻЩţ˵ȫ䣬˵Щţһ㶼 
Ŷϵص˵Ҳ̫ţȻ˼ҷЩҳ̵˽ڵһְۣ˷עڰϣذ 
˵ȥˣ 
ѵһ뽭ǿСѾͷеζͶôģ˵ʹᱻϣϲģǼ 
󣬱еĹģǺųĵӵذ׸ҵĹذκã 
ڱ̼һ񾭣˵㾫 
֮ǰ˵ô࣬žˣʮĹҪˣϤòϤȻеˡ 





ĺ


ǰذڲɣҼ︻ɵйСɹһ㱻˳ģ׷þһˣ͵
ǽ𣿡
ԭ־Ȼ壿
Ǳɣӡ˵⣿
û㵱εĳǿ
ôһ˵Լƽʱֵòһǰªɣ÷ʡһԼˡ
ӦǰɣϷûһʲôӦǵģʵȻͷôңңȥĹģȻûȽϡ
ûǺ
ȻϽѧֵ̬ó޵ģǿô˵ùĶ˲ιƵģ
ŶֻشˣȻĿ⿴档
һȺѾߵУǸȸһĺŮӣذˣ
ųǴ󣬼Ǵ󣬵ǱһŮ״һĳͻȫ˱ָ߹һе̬ˡ
ô룬ͿȺɧǸһӱö
̾˿ö£׼ֻȸˣ˭ôһȺ˱ü
ԼҲǶظ˼׷˺üֹֻҪһҲǸ˼ƨɺת
ĴŮλǿԲ²ģ
οĹУԼ֣
֮Ⱥ鼤֪ˡ
ͼһĨɫӰƮݵնܴݵңԱ߻һУذκ򶷡
ֻ赭дһУͽңʮң˼ǰ
һлңеվڳģĿɨڳˡ
֪ǿ˻ô񿴼߿ʱѲĿͣסˣոǺĵչЦ
һЦʱֻڳŮǵļ˷
ЦףкǷڿǷڶЦòǸеģο˿һֱ׷ŵż񰡣Ǳ鶼ֵã
תעⳡеΣ
ģؼ
Ű
æרעڸǰȥˡ
ѾͷĳˣҪȥٻҽһֱųĵеؽ
˰ȴûĻشתͷֻü΢壬ϵָ˵΢Уɴͱˡ
 
 
ʵжʾܾɣ 
治Сҽܾҵ 
ûȥҽ٢˵㳡һСССҽǾκµģԲŰͰ͵ظֻûϵ 
ﰵⲻ֪ȥΪľҵɼΣ˵ﻰȥģοĺڶЦأϲúͽչ 
ƫƫܣ 
Ϊ̫ˣ 
Ȼȥ֣ôͼĸۣǻʱ䡣 
ǰС׵ϸСЦ 
ʵﶼҿòþͱĴ˲ȥҪ˵׼ˣ 
ţӦֻǲ 
ԭĴҲǲѣ 
ԣ˺ǺЦˣ 
Ѿͷ㲻ҲôΪ𣿡ЦΪĲΪȻ 
ٿ 
˭˵ģ˵⻰ôǿɶأʵ飬ʵ飡Ͻ 
Цɾ͹ϵˣҪǵĴ˶ǵнͣҪ 





ɢһ


ٺ٣ΪƲ̬ȣֲ֧Ҳ棬ҪѾͷŸȺ֮ڣһţӰɡصΪԼ뵽еĻ⣡
мؿ뿪
ҪȥЦЦ飬һؽа˵ĵصΪԼѡ
㲻ЦЦ𣿡ǰЦҲ̫ˣָ
ԭаģ
ûǸаˣʲôƽֱҼҾƣ뷭ˣҿɾ㣬£
ҴģҲһ˼µˣƫƫɫʱĸʲôа񣬻Ūǰ׶ۣǶˣ
Ҵװ£һ֪ȫЦЦϣʱ˭ȥ
޾˷˻ãԵ֮⽭̫ֻѣҲǿܾǣƫƫղǣ
ĿУ˶𣬾͸һ֮¾ʧǡ˭ģŸó֮ΪɫӣֻУ˼޵ģӣ
ЦϣȻûвǾֻ棬ϳò
ѾͷǸ˵أ˵г˵Ķ֪֪켣ʮأûϳģ
ΪһͺͶԵҪǣڽǿֵģǽˣҲ̹ˡ
ҿһҲ
Ų뵱ʲôˣ뱻ΪûԸϲŮ˴ģԴŮˣ͸ǹˣ㻹ҪƲĺã
ܿΪҸһԹߣνԡԹѣ
룬˭˵ϤϤ÷·Լҵ£˭֪˼صòص˽
ֻ޾ϸһ˽͸ſԹУ
ΪǽˣŻؾþ棬һ㽭ˣԼٶ֪һЩҲûȥΪͬԼһϤе⣬ǾýȻˡ
øԹ壡ϧҺ޷ȫһԹˣ̾
Ϊܵ𣿡еȻص
 
 
ЦЦЦ 
Ѿͷ˵һ㶼ˣ 
ΪһۣҲ̹Цôɢ֮أ˵ֶѾ𣿡 
˵ʲôЦЦԾ㵵ؿ 
㲻֪Լʲô侪ˡ 
ֻ֪֪Ҳ֪Ķѣû뵽ʧѾõɢ 
㶼֪ЦЦ֪£ֱЦ̸ˣ 
̹Ȼҡҡͷ֪ǲ֪Ϊάְٿװ 
ǣЦҼҴϣעɢ˵˶ѣ 
ԣҲֻϼ֪ôһֶеˣӲ 
û뵽ԼãԶ 





ɢ


Ҳ´Ҳ˵俪ʼԼжˣ
ҲǷ˺þúþãۺϸּŴжϵģЦЦ֪ôԼ˰ɣ
Ͼףѧò㾫Ĳ٣죬ɲܴ⣡
Ѿͷϸĥĥɫʼͣһ£Ǿƣ
ҲܹСģһδɵСޣҽٸҲӦüʶޡ
οƶϣѾͷļҹټС㣬Ӧǵſʼҽģϴμʱֻڿֲҽ˵ģ
ðЦ˿ɢʲôµģҲ֪ЦЦǺεȵ
԰գʼŤͷѰҡ
Ѱң۽ǵ߽ϵģ˵ʲôĵ˵ͷ漴˺š
ĸ˵˼仰ȻĿ߿Ŀôһ˲תȥֻɵɵʧıӰ
ʲôЦЦؿĺףûȻĿ⣡ӾǺӣĥȴ
棬ɷأЦʣʱΧಽǸСఢɣôӰǹ£Ҫæҩأ
ɷɣǸղߵǸ갢ɣЦЦ֪ʱʲô
ǰʶòļʶ֮㣬С䶼֪
ʶ֪ǻ¥̴ӣˣʱ򣡡Ĺ۲ɲǸǵģǳǿղֻһۣͽǰ˵Ķ˸ס
Ŷȵȣ

ԭֲ˰
Լȥҩ䣬óСӣʾ䣬Сĵؼ˿ϵı
ȷ˽ⶾɢʵ񲻶֢ɣ
ʱ˿ڴһ飬֪Ƿжֲ֪ʲôֻýⶾɢԿôгͻ𣿡ҽǺܶȻҪˡ
ûҲû洦㿴˿ھ͸ûõģϸ޲մοˮõ˿ϵĲҩϸز鿴˿
ҵȻ֪ûЧԲҽεģû뵽ɢֱȥ٢ˣĻصðСҽ
˿ںɰҵ㡱֢״彫һۣǷɫһߣ
ȻԵؽͷȻֱ֣۵Ƥ£ľһɫ֣
еɢó˹ۡ
 
 
Ķʱ˰أ 
֪ĶСѾͷȻ֪֢״ɣ治֪м˻⣬ǻ⣬Ƿʱ仹ü֪Ƿܼ̫ˣ 
ɢͻЩ֢״ʹޱʢЩĬġ 
ò氡Ҫ˵Ļйؽϣ˭ҲûҵȫҼϣδЩǴӺζ֪ģ 
Щ֢״ֱͬհܰɣʵ 
һֱһţҲͷȻô˵ˣҲеúܲҵĻ 
óҩһ񲼰ƿļֻ룬ֱϲ£ 
ʱЦЦֻеһ֮Уڱһֱͬȼյֱۣķ֮жʱˣ 
죬롭ûʶ롣 
Ǳ룬Ҫǧ꺮һֱŵģֻ˵ǣزĵطûҵǧ꺮ֻҵȥĳ±ѣ 
룿 
֪룬ֲúһһֱ㿾ֱۣʱˣңղַأ˵ıϿ 
Ѿʱֹ˶ӣɢĽҩɣִ֮û׼ҩЦ 
е˵˵Ȼ˵ˡ 





ɢ


ҩʲô
ôˣ֮˲ʱЩ𣿡ķӦú֣ǲ⡣
һСǲǶмҴ򣬶ԼεǲԼŸֽⶾҩʹҩôοЦЦ
ѾͷɢȻʧˣ˵˭ǽҩص治֪⺢Ӵĳģ
ûһΪأŻȻ˻ʼ뽭ڡ
ʼҲͬڽѾĶҩֻҪмصģҩҪʱ䱸ҩģȻûҩȻΪЩΣϵһ˴˻ͨ˶ĽˣӦеġ
һֱѾͷ֪أʵ֪˭һŹֵѾͷ
ҽ䣡Ц˵겻óֽʣͷ
ѾͷǲϤ֣Ĳǽˡ֪ɢӦļҽҵŮ
дҩһдݣؿ
Ϊɢⶾܽ⣬һСС͵СȻ֪һ׾˿Ϊѣ
ǣҩ̿Ųãҩ룬ҩȥץҩŷӣڷҩɷۣץҩŪҩûҪѻ˵
ҲǵһˣҪŶҪҪȥ򣿡
֮£ǲεģ
ԶĻԲǲǴΪʲôȥץҩȻһˣʱͷȥץҩ
ǺǡЦûôذɣ˭˵ʱ⾫񣬻Իܾأ
Ҿٺãɢж֮͵ôˣ
ﲻƽҩ𣿡һֱΪķϣƢЦУ壬Ŷ
ô͸˵ʲôϹͷͷӡϷ֮Ŷһ㲻죡
Ϸʮˣص
Σصˣ
Ҳʮͷɣڶ棿
פɣĵӣˣ
Ǹ٣ò̾һˣפʲôõģһ㲻Ů˲
ٸ١鷳Լȥץҩ
˿ɿڵص
 
 
Ϊʲô֪ôˣȻ˵¶˿ڡһܣ 
Ŀŵ֪Ҳ̫Щ˰ɣ 
ΪҪȥҩڷҪҩһóɾɴ˿ڹϣһ˵һۣЦЦص 
ҪȥݣҪʵģҩã 
ԭ 
ʲôݣҪȥң 
ԻǹԹùҩ¿ɲ 
⡪Լ۵ͷ䣬Ҫ˳ȥ˻б¶Ź֣ôεǣһͣɶˡ 
Ϳˣֲ£Ϊصôʲôµģ΢עһ²ͽˣôˣô 
Ը̾ѾͷͶ֮䣬ǲҲ̫ǿˣмȫԾ͸һ˲òհϣϱСѾͷѵ 
Խ 
ǾͷͷжһĴȥңҺܿҵĵЦ 
ʵ֪УûϵˣôԵԼ 





ɫ


ε԰ϸ˵εǶһʽĽĻ԰뾺Ҳ֣
԰ռֻмĶ԰̨ͤˮ鿣Ҳǻݷïľ裬˼١
һ㵽εˣ԰οǳʱڣ
ԣÿգȥ԰Ϣ
Ҫɵݣ֮ǰε԰ͼǲŲæеڽϱߺؿӣ
ЦЦҪҩҪҩۣʱܶģҲͲذԼûŻţ
źûл׷ȥģεǺ󣬻״Σ
ʲô취죬Ѱ
ֻǸܰ޷ݣ
Ҳ֪ǷлῴڣռĿĵעӣúܿˣ
ô߹ߣֱһɫӰ߿Խ
ģʱݺײһ£
ǰ˵ıӰŷָͲģʱһʧ䣡
ͬʱǰ
ԵĻû±𴩵øһֻҪһɫӰľͻҼһ
ôȥһಡģ
ţȴһкסˡ
ƹôͳ
ǰ䶼ҪȾɢˣųģ̫һ㣬ʱֲ֣˾úˡ
̧׿ֱ߻סǸе㷢ˣЦգ
ϰã
ǳΨһһϰ壬ȥ±ġ
ˣƹһ»Ҫ𣿡ϰк˭Ҫ̫ȫȥȥˣﶼҪĵó̦ˣżӹ䡢Ա
ðʲôģЦϰ
 
 
Ҫ˵أĶãȥ˵˵Ʒ֣ûĴƹĻɫȫǣղ񿴵ϺȻһһ 
γ͵˹ǷߣֵȻܲϲ 
˵ʵһ㣬Ѿǳˣ 
ȻҪϰ循ʡҲֻǰڳÿģһû˹ʡ 
˽⣬ƽһ㶼࣬˵ֻ֮ңר࣡ҲΪԭСĵΣŰźÿġ 
ҵȻʱȡӱŵСɰȡˣЦҲѧСݸԼŪ˸ɰϣװЩɢ鶫 
ãװãþǣϰͬʱһ£ˣ㻹Ҫǧ꺮𣿡 
ֹס˽ŲϲҲ 
ʱأ 
ɢֻֽһ˾ͽǧ꺮룬Чȥ±Աģ 
ûУ˵е㺹գϰһ˼ȥһ£ͬ˵ԶӦʢǰٱģ 
Ӧʢǣ 
ǲԶ·̰ɣ 
¡ĵطˣ 





ż


ã֪ллϰ壡ϰ󣬼߹ε԰ȥ
ǧ꺮ôҪģ͵ĻȫԽ˴ӹȡ͵ˣĸҹȻҪҪģ
ӣȥӦʢǿˡ
⸱ģɳ߹ضصı˭ϳΪ֮ˣ̤أе˵ȥһ¡һ뵽Ƿİӣͷ۲ѣ
Ʋˣ
źְ
Ȼ˵ֻǿֵģ˵ֻʱʹһ´˵Լ㴮ԱܰٶҲűܿѰɣ
ʹ棬ҲҪþְҵŶԣ
ţͻȻ˻֡
ӣ
еϤϤĿһ£Ȼ©˺üģȫѪҺ·һӼеСϣϷΣ
תɫɫ
ƮݵɫӰĻ˭
¹ӺãԼֵ̫ɵסԼģЦŴк
Ҫǣļӿ첽ǰ磬ȻĽųǰߡ
û뵽ڴʱС˶֮ǰǰǸɫѵŮӱӰе㲻ҿ϶
εǵŮӣ֪ΪʲôеɫˣɫѵŮԽԽ࣬еĪ
Ƥ㷢˦˦ġŲе졢еĴпֵƤСѾͷεǳ˭У
̽غ
һЦŵСʱʱúһů
ֻǣﻹеɻ󡪡
һͰǱֵ
ڴʱ뿪
ԼǵӣڸǺ죬ŲڲԶš
 
 
ǣ͵ǰε԰ȥţǼʹӦúƱ˵һۣеɵЦ 
ֻ֣ҪԼһģ޷˼˼ȫҳһ࣬޷ǣοһεкǰֻǸкʱŸ˵˵͸ˡ 
ȫɵһͿݰɣ 
ŶҲǰȥӭݣǳǣİԷ 
ʲô취ֻҪȺܻ᲻ԾѰӰɫ֮䣬͸޷ֵΪСѾͷǣ 
òϣֻҪܿӰҲ᲻֪ЦһһСһһЦ 
ղǵõѶϢһֱٳδ̹Ƕԭ̵㣬Ȱ裬ִҪεǼʶʶ 
ƫƫ·Ϯˣһжʮˣֻʣˣóʹ̹ʣµİ˾Ȼȫ˲Ƕ޲ߣ 
ټ˽ҽǰӭݻ 
ȻҲǰ˽ڴʱ˵£򵥡 
ԣȻе㵣书ֶѾͷİȫ 
ƫƫûκιϵ˱ʦýԼֱӱ֮ˣ 
ƫƫЩֲøԱз֮ġ 
˰ֲֻ̿һĹͶѣûҪЩ· 








˳·ǰӭݣЦӭݲڶǿԸͬ·һʱ䣿
ң̹Ȼȥܸˣûˣ
ʵȻδˣоʶ׽ô·ҲǼк͸ֶ
ǺεĻ龫ֵС˶ǻɿ֣΢¶Цա
ˣӦòǺ˽ܵĴڻ⣬˾ôŻΣ
бԼصȨȥ̽ҲûжȥԸ⣬һģ
ǣͬʱеĿģֵģ
ǰеԶ
𰸲ϣ
ǣƼĵطĲ²ǹټŮȻ׼Լﻹ̾һ
ҲԼ֪Һϲ㡭أǰǰ磬ǰˣֱԣ
ôĻϲͬʱҲԣѵúƢڻ
Ȼ֪ϲҲδιĳԣжϸֻҪڹ㳡ʱ׷ܣЦãÿεСġ
Լ׷ſֵҲ±˻᲻Сдʱսپٶ
ӦҲֻгԶѣȻ±ԼʵҲСϲĳһȤһͻᶪһߣʱȻͻؼˣ
ֻҲǸӣȻǵıдΪܣԣ
Ҳþô˵ô˵ɣֻҪľͺã
ȥչʾҿɵſأЦǰеţϵȶֻм£ûнµļϵЦݶŵе㽩һ㶼Ȼ
ܲУеҪ֪ΪΣʱش
Ǻźῴ㣡źص
û뵽˵̹ʣǵۺ콿޵Сһʱʧ㶣
Ӧͯ޼ɰɣ
ֻ룬ԳĬӦԡ
ʵǴʱǿҵĸܣʱû˵ټټˡ
ⲻѾε԰ǰˡ
ѵôӴǳô
ǣǺЦĿգĵض
أ
 
 
ΣҲΪ仰Ūˡ 
ϣ 
ʲô˼ 
ϼʱд裿 
ʱҪ䣬Ӧþдô򵥰ɣôӦûĲģѪȳ棬͸Ƕͯˣ 
һε԰һʱˣ·ʱɲңֹסģŵ 
ֻǣȷʵһǳķǷҪĿѣҲεġ 
¾Ϳһ۶ɣ 
ã 
ʲôϲ 
øɴ࣬ŵŵһ£ȻСЦ˻ 
óȻֲҪԭûָӦģû뵽˵ˬӦʱֲ̿ģһӱһȻ 
һۻ 
ʱһ㣡Ц۶䣬鶯һתϵСѸģƮƮȻε԰ҩȥˣ 





ҩһ


СݽЦЦļҩʵһš
ΣȻǰεҩ֭һٷηãǶ԰æҩСݽҲǶһԵЦЦ
Ȼʣһݵȡ֭
ֻ˼£ͷûôɣЦЦԼ
ѾͷΪʲô㲻ЦЦһصҩһ߲صѾͷǲֱˣأ
ҪֱۣԴص
㲻ɣղű׾ӣпרעؿҩȫһĺѧģЦЦó˽ۣ
ʱһۣ˱죡
ߺģԼĲᵷҩ
˭˵Ҳ᣿ܳԼ̫һۣ벻㻺˿ڵ֢״
᲻й𣿡ЦЦ
ȻУǿ书ңֿûʲôǵҩʱɾҪϺܳˡЦЦص治Ը⣬Ǿͻɣǲʱ䳤̵ģ
ǿѧãһ㣬ûﵽһѧ;ĵز˵û˵
㡢㣡ѾͷԼЦЦǰС֡
Ц⣬Ѿͷĳ̶ȣֻֻõŷ˵ˣԿ䣬Ȼ˺޷˹ֿˣ
ԼҪŶɱ𶯲˵۸˼ҡ۸ϾһԿҩȴܾʲôԾĵط
ʲôطԾأ
ü΢壬˼
ȻˣǺܲص
˵壬ҽΣûȡһͭ壬ܶģ㲻л˵Ȼ˼һֱҲëá˵˵
ֵǣȻȡЦᵷҩ
ԣЦЦҵԼ֣
 
 
ҲԹһֱĵڰæûҪ󣬵ԼһֱڶҪ߲ 
һ˭˵ҲǮˣ 
æӻͳ𶧣Ǹģɱ˵ҽˣܿҪ˰ɣ 
ĿɿڴؿĻƽǿЦãҺǮ 
Ȼô˻ƽ 
ҪǮʲôﻹ㹻Ǯģ 
ǮеģЦЦصҩ 
ȻǮôҲûʲôֻǡ 
ҪƱӴ̫Ѿˣֳģ 
Ȼ˻ӽӳЦЦؿһǰĹѾͷȰƱҪȥׯһ಻㣬Ӷã뻨ó 
Щ̻ǿƱֱģҲӣ 
ָһʵ 





ҩ


Ѿͷ㲻桢ͷҲƱɣ
ЦЦϻûƱĺܣܵǸҵģׯɲĺͨãԻǴӲͨһЩĻ뵽˻ӰֻܿȰ
桢ͷҲýôŰɣǸͭŶԣ۸Ҫ桢ͷһȥ׼ϰߣ⣬ģ
ЦЦˣ
ôǮȲǮ鷳
ĵѾͷͽӡƱ壬תƻ⣺
Ѿͷôȥ֣ûأҪһȥɣȺҽ㣡ĵؽǳͨ
԰ѣŷԼʱֵĲǺǿңƫƫڵ棬û֣Ǻϲ
ʱ棬ӭսů硢ĽݱˣЩ˵ļй£·磬ѵõĴ·ʱ򣬳ϳǼһƬ
ذμĻһԹۣûмսţܣ
սǵ˵⣬ɱǰĴεƶΣȻֵһˣ
Ȼֻһ֮󣬾תͷЦЦҩ
ЩϲҲϲѣ鲢Ǽ֣ûзĵزǲҲúźģҪûźܣ
Ϊ֪Ĵʱ֣ûǷ֮ģԣǷݿֵҲ͵ˣ
ԭİ֣ʱĵĳ֣֣Ϊ˵ɣֻǵſһҲģ
Լ˵ϲİ֣Ϊڰɣ

ⲻҪβȥ
֮ྴҵƵģ
ȻȥҲǺܸ˵ؿﵽĶĵزῴȫͶģ
ǻöлѾͷأЦЦһЦһؿԶϵս
ĲɵӣСǰ˻ӣ
 
 
ƣƻõֵģ 
ʱɱδãˣ 
ûôͣȻҵ 
ҲŶҵ񻹾½ʿְɣֲһ֮½ʱܵɢвҲȫˣҪҪɣ 
˼ˣĵص 
Ҫȥƣ㵷ҩ 
𣬻ԼЦЦջĿ⣬海ҩˣ 
޸֪֮ҪŪˣ 
Ȼ־ʣҲ˶ˣֻϣŪǰȥ񫣬Ȼ쳣 
ٶ֮죬ֱ֮ǰĥĥ֮ҩܿ͵ˣɴȡ֭ЦЦȡصҩ۵ȣСĵط˿ϣ 





¥


ͻȻЦЦ˷ܵ¥ˣ֪ľͻΧ
¥
öˣûˣ
һ֣תͷ˳ģһĿ°ɫ꣬սţܿ죬ȫΧߣһӱ֣һϢˡ
Ȼ̫ԶǺܿ壬ɻ
˵ĵĽֳôôͱСˣתͷһ߼ЦЦ˿ڣһʵ
ѾͷǵһοɣЦЦЦǱĴ󣬵ȴһֱģϷһֱԿפȣɾͺˣ
Ҳϰפｫ⻨¥ӵ㣬һˣòӣҪأ
ûУˣʵϷҲϰפֲǣ˭Ǹֻڹһ̶ȣе˻ῴʵѣ⣬ڹΪߵı֡ؽ͵
ǻԭ£ǻ¥ʹżĵֳҲӵס
ֻͷһ۳ĵǸֻ꣬һȺ˶ţδʲôƵġ
¥ʲôŶǾ轣ôµһĻ¥أǾ˫ְɣһͨһҩһʵ
ӦǽɣЦЦЩΪѵӣ˵е¡
ʲôӦãشȻȻؿ㲻֪ɣ˼ҷ޼ҳ̵ض֪Ȼ֪µһֵ
ǲ֪ǲø˵ЦЦеıĿܲģ񲻿ء
ʲôвø˵صô˵౿ƵģǻһԽ£˵˵һ˵ô
Ϊ¥ڵľǡҲֻ㣬˵Ҳǿ鰵Ͷţٵź
ô˵ɣ¥Ѿﵽ˿ԲκĵزκζԼͿõ
Ϲ˶Լе
ֻ̾ķݣ
Ӳ书޷ЦЦ˵Ļ¥Լõĺ壬ѵ˵һѸֵӲ
ԼȥӵΣԲһ£
ˣ
 
 
¥ºӲâ¶в֮Уʵս֮ʱԵúƽ͡ԣЦЦһã͵ 
ҲΪʲô˵ĵɱơµһԵʣΪº͵Ļ¥߱ģ 
ˣ 
ϸ־еƶǶǲǿô⡪Ҳ˵ѧΪ¥µһδӵʵս 
뵽˵İã̲סɡ 
Ҳ̫ˣʹɣ 
书ѣǸУ˵䣬ѧ֪ʶҲûеģֻƭˣ 
ЦЦһ˵˸˵ģŲ㣡Ϲļǵģȥˡ 
˵ѾһЦЦ˿ڣŽǼֻȡЦЦȲرȥˣ߻߽㣡 
ɢ˰ȥעԼҩŶԣ۸СǸŮӣñһֱںԺŰҩ 
߻ˣ 
˿ⳡ棬ʮƥϣϲߵģ 
ⲻû˵ڣѾܵûӰˣ 








䵱ȻǼȺǰ֣
䣬ûЩôõȻý㿴ſˣ
ֻǣΪʲôԽƣԽǻ¥ǰ죿úУ
ңҲǺ֣°׵ϣľȻǺɫ֯ĴҲõĺɫģ̰׵ˬ䣬Ե˵Ʈݣ
ϸŵգΪʲôˣ
⻨¥̫ˣ
˵ǻ¥Զףм󣬴ʱˣֻǰɸǵĿĿ֣¥ӺݴȵĵŴݣ
ֻ¥ʩչȷʵ֮ǰЦЦܵºͶˣҲĵǷݰ
ļʹվڳϲºͣҲ˾ƣöֲ
¥ͲͬˣȻҲж֮ҲǴҷ緶ϱ˵ͲԶˣв֮У֮䣬ºͣԲΪ
͸˶ֲĻᣬһ򶷱ֹĲͼһ˵ȫΧµһˣ
֪һУЦЦ˵Щνŵǿģνп֣¥˵ѷһˣ
˵ЦЦղŽ¥һ仨Ƶģڻ˵أ
ܵȺǰֵ뵽Ҫǻģͽս˰ɣ͵͵Цĳ֣ǲ֪ж˾ˣ
ôΧ¥һˣҲδκһˣЩҪκεҲǺѵģ
˸˷׷ϳе߹У
һֱһԹսذκҲ̲סΧսţ
Ҳûκεһˣִ򷨣俴¥ӦԸгˣ
¥ԼأڷĲ鿴Χ֮УǷѪ˵ˣȻĵڳаԲ鿴Լǻ̲סҲ
Ŀɨվǰ濴ֿ˶ʱʱһᣡ֪ǰֵģ֣ͻСӰ
ЦȵרӦս
һϢ龰νսţһ죬ֱ书ߵ繥ȥ
һ£ĻĶ֣
Ҳ͹ʮкͲĪʽ΢еæˣæ֮һץסһش˹ȥ
ˣֻеűضˣ
ԣֻѡǱرˣԶһ
 
 
ˣͬʱһὣһǶ㿪һɱţ 
ļˣΧ۵ȺһȫˣȫǽʿṦ㷴Ӧеģ 
һʱ֮䣬Ҷ㹻Ŀռ䡣 
ֻǣһ˳⡪ 
Ǹ书С˶˿Ҳˣ 
ƫƫ֮ǰ㼲ıû۾ֻȺһ󾪺ΪΪҲͲΪ⣡ 
оʱһˣ 
𾢶䣬û뵽־ޱ䣬ֻɵԽԽıȻڰҪǱôһײҪڴɶأ 
ܵø۵ģôãǸʵʱˣ 
ֻǣںⳡ֣ 
ΪиԼᰡ 
һĵһ֮Լײ˶ܸԼڵôضģ 
ڵᰡ 








˵ڵôĸζǶΪˣǸ˺󣬽ûȥԼòȡģĵε԰֮Լ
Ҳ˵ΧһȺʿǸոձܿԼζδȣξȵ
ԶЦЦ޷ҲֻܿŸż
ȴ˵ۿҪײǽεεСѾͷƫƫѾͷֻܵɴ۾ôţ¥ʲôļ١ĵѵĸоˣ
ͼüͷһҧ˹ΧȺƽһβȥЩ˵Ѹײڶ֮ƣһΣ˻ûôʱ֮οȰԣһǸǻġĽ˶˻
ͬʱ뽫漴Ӳ֣
Ϊ۽ɨȺУڹͬʱҲƷɨ֮ƻƫ
粻ʮ֮һҲؽһܿˣԣϽƣù
Ⱥб⼸ˣȻֱѽ˾£ȫɲסΣֻǣȺȫΪղűֳľֻ׶ӵһʧȥǼλ˵Ӱ
ǼΨһӡǣ˺ϷǳĬһ㲻ңɾ䣬ûһ˿ԥֶǳ
ӡǣһɫɷ׶ѣʲôе˶¶ģȻͲ֪Ǽ˵Ĵڣ
ȺǼ˷ܷǳ
ȫΪǲСѾͷûˣÿģÿ춼ˡܶһֵ˾ˣ
Ǹ˷ܵǣڼʶ˻¥ı죡
ڳ֮ȫʿȻ׻¥ղչ¶书ж
ԭµһ֣
ڳˣ˭޷ղŻ¥һУǰѸݣѸݵֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬾ƾͷ˸ı䣡
һֱΪʵҪȻ¥ߺܶ࣬񣬴ӸղŻ¥¶һֹ˸Էֳߵ
ǿѹͬľְɣ
ӲҪֳͣӦǺѵһ£
ûеȵȴеײˣ˺뻳סˣ
ããؿڣ֪Լǰȫˣ
԰ʱȥϵԼˣϼһˡ
ǿƤģòĶһĻᣬһ춼ֺǺǡЦ£Ŀ£
òڴϼ¡ӻᱻײü񶼼ڰ̰֡ԣǿҲ̫ҡ̫Ѱˣ
ֻǻã¥Цʵ
Ѿͷϴһ˿֪ԼΣհɣ
ȥ֮ײôĽӣǲɥҲǲڴϸ£ܶģ
ѾǳСˣһֱЩ˿Ʒ֮£Щ˵Ͱֵġ˿书ѾͷĻ뵽çײҲΪã治ȥ
 
 
Цתͷ 
ۣ°׵ϣ 
һɵġ޵˻㣬Ǵӱ֮ϴ 
˾úζһŹ 
̧ע 
û뵽˻ǻ¥ȴŰɿһ 
ɷɣЦʵֻ˲ 
Ƿɷɣûв´û¥ֻЦˣȻϤİɵ 
ʼɻͬʱ̲סһΧ 
ɵӣʲôأңǴܣ书һ֣¥ôЦΪѰҵĿɰ鶺ˡֻû˵ǣܿһּ书ĸʿͻģ 
ŶЦˣ 
ǲ֪ɾɣ 
ԭĺѰɣȻǵϴ¥ 
ò˼顢ţ 
Ǹ书΢ϱ۸꣬Ǹ¸ת꣬ǸڴϱıСϷ꣬Ǹÿ춼Ƥҽε꣬ԭȻǺųµһֵĻ¥ 





޵


ĺѰɣȻǱЦЦµһֵĻ¥ȻĽżĵĽֳ
붼ö룬¥֣
˿ֻеӲȣҪץŻ¥סӶѣ
ֻл¥Цץּ飬ڼܵˣȷݰɣ
һŵ˶أ
û뵽ÿܵǵˣݵˣ
û¥ˣ
Ʋǳǳˣţǰˣľǰɣ
ͬʱҲΪʲô֮ǰ⣡
ǵˣҲû֪ɵʵݰɣӦ֪ģ֮Уֵ֮ɣ
Цˣ
ȴ˵¥־䣬˾;˰ɣҲΪ⡣
¥ǰرǲ۵СѾͷοʱʱһڽŮɴۣ
û¥ֹ˵ȹ˭ӦҲ·
Ϊˣ˭Աè˭ѾͷһûһԱ֣ǰ㲻֪ߵغؿǰ׷ſ֣
ѾͷĵӣǴˣ
⣬ǻ¥ġȻǸôһֱŵıѾͷһŮܲڵõ
ǲǽɵɵ
߽бɵ
֪ԼʱǲҲɵǶɿ˵ڻ¥ﱧģɾԼˣ
ɣΣգ˵ı
һʵĽŮȻΪĶ񣬿ɻ¥ҲôҲֵ𡢽ߣϻºͿףҲǿǼƷ˰ɣ
ζõĻᣬͨСѾͷ̣ˣ˲İ
ﲻȥŮͬС˼ʹ˷İ̾ҲȥһĻ΢˼飬ͼӻ¥˳ЦŴص
ллӣ
ǵһνʶ¥
ǰɣ
Ҫ֪¥ߵС಻˵ڴϣıСϷһڽͼȥײǽŹ֣
¥͵ؿΪĻƽ⣡ȷʵ֪ǰɣͱлˣ徲ˣ
лĶô¥Ҳص
û£лӳȣлƤЦ
ƤģŶûеģ
ƫƫȴųһ亹ôһ˲඼ֹͣˣƽڶαסˣζΪ
Ǿͺã¥ϵЦů紺ﱣأ
 
 
سϣԻº͵ص 
λҪ𣿡 
˻ҡҡͷ 
ôһС˭û˼սˣ 
֮ǰܲû¥ӦеԭŴҵԵʣղǰһж߲ģ 
Ȼˣʲôأ 
ȥϷˣǱ 
Ȼս¥ɨֵָѾͷ¶Ц⣬Ȼ˱˻ˡ 
죬̫ҪˣҲ֪Ǳˣ 
һʱǵߵøɸɾһϾʣɱдԣ 
ѾͷղźգЦЦܵߣ̾ 
ǾǣŵҶأʱ֪Ķţؿڼװδص 
ٺ٣ЦЦ˼Цţֳ棬ڰ˴ˣĻǵչ 
Ӧǳ°ɣĸֵĲᱻˣЦЦϴһһСģͷŹ漴Ϊص 
Ѵӷְɵʵݵлָǻ¥ҲãǰҲã˵ûٸı䣬ĺѣ 
٣ϣ밢ɼѣ 
ҩӦðòˣȥҩˣ仰̧ҩȥЦЦҩ󣬹ʱٿܰȥε԰ 
һ뵽ټɫӰ罫һԺϸ˵ĿЦ 




һ֮Լ


ε԰
տҹУգ
»԰ľϣһƬأ԰еĺ¹ӳ£ǲۣСԾ
⾲ҹ峺ڻʣˮᵴš
ѭȥںĵССĺɵĺͤһλŮزһ
ӨļˮͫЦ顢ŵĶԼƮݵΣеһУҹɫ¹⣬ںһǰĺгһĻֻúġ
̤ɫѰ꣬Ļ棬ɵÿˣ
ôԶšţ
֪ԭε԰ɫ˵ˣ˵˳˶ǣ
֪ʲô
ڣһϺϵľȡ
Ϊʲô붼룬ʹӦҪæµ֮ʱǻصسǰöȥ⣬ΪԼ֪Ǵ𰸡
æµһڵмЩҪĵġ
ǼӵеĲ֮λҽóϣȻѾܾõɢ
ֻõ˼λߵĻ˯Ѩǻ˯жʹ࣬޷ܣʱûжͱĥ÷˿ɾͲˣ
֪˭Ĳ̵ضԴһȺŮӣˡʹĥöҪǲ£Ҳ޷ṩõ鱨Թ
٢ȼλҽöҩʱֹס˶Եӣ취ǵʱǱסˣʱڣӦò⡣
ɳõĵӳȥ̽ڻûʲôھĸ̽ĵرҵټˣ
εǣȴػе鲻Զ
ڣԥ硢ǣǰһ֮Լԭܼ򵥡
ΪӼһ𣬾ѾŲΪ֪վ뿪Ϊ֪ǲͬһصˣ
ΪΪԣʮϧ޵Ե֣
һ̤ڵ԰ӣ·Ҹӵģʱ
һֱΪϾϢˣû뵽Ȼĥʱ⣡
΢̤˺ͤ
߽Ƿ˾ˣԼǰͣ˵࣬Ц
 
 
ÿʱͿҹɫε԰䣬Ȼ˾顣 
ʵӦˣҲû뵽Ļǰ˵æô 
¹ˣҵһôԼԽԽ࣬ҪڻҪԼ࣡ 
ﲻͣͣԸ÷ˣ 
ãǼһ仰Ȼбǰʯϣĵ࣡ 
֪һֱԼտ׷ԼǰĶʱˣˣ 
Цˣһ˫ϸС֣Ღҡ 
עֻеһβôҲԼ˫֣Ϊ˵! 
ϣ˶ʵǵһ׷ôϣסֻ 
ǰ¡ǳһҫ۵Цţ㿴ţ˽ԼĽദΪһӣˣ 
£ʱԶͣһ̣Ҳ޺ˣ 
ֹסԼϢŵģҲԸԼЦ̫ɵᲦɣ鶯ָк紺ģһɫ 
ʱ˵Ƥ˵ׯиǽ绨ֺֹʮͣ 
Ĳɻ󡪡ж 





Ķ޺


еȻص׿ʢЦСغЦšţ
ЦммӣҲСѸˣʹ¹£ҲܸеǾ·ϵĵĺΣ¶ʮСŮ̬
ĶˣĳһֱĽ䣬ǿʼΪڻˡ
֪ʱţһˣ
ʲôǸЦ˶
еϲ𣿡
ţӦ
Զ¹⣬¹£ǸںʯǰŮ
ֻǣ
Ȼʶֻ֪ڻҹ֮ңƽǼеģ
˭
򵥵Ļش⿪ˣ
ԣЦøˣ
ÿ϶һһľЦ
ԿЦÿҪչɣܵĻҲֻڰ¾ӵּɢɢڽɼûôµģ
һ뽭´ߣ
ֻڴߣȴڴţ˿䣬ȴ䲻ģļϣĿɲֻһǣ
⣬֮ͬĲͬ
ǣɼ
ǲܻнˣżȻĴ룬ִ⣬žһĻᣬûеģ
֮һΪڻ
Ķˣ
ԣֻܺЦĬԶԣ
£Ӧòˣ̾Ҫȥ¡ӦʢѰǧ꺮Ҫһʱ䣬ҪܸϡҪһк˳
ŶţҪ˵Ҳʵġ
׼ȥˣ¹ʰվԼʲô¡ԸԸþϲˣԼЩëƤС£ҲͲ߶߶
ãʹ˲ܷˣ
һֱڿ׷
ξҪһ棬ԼǰҪ˼࣬ٵôߣ̫ҪˣҪɾͲˣ
ԼҲ˿׷֪ǳղôաƫƫľᷳ
Բںôǻر᲻ᷳ
ˡᣬôյײǽģ
 
 
죬Ҹĵһ죡ֻҪһ뵽ȻͻۣԾЦգ 
ԣҪʲôʿɶֹþգ 
ϢЦŴݣ 
ɾûбֳˣֱ˵ǾĿɿڴ 
ӻֵ𣬿ĵ̤ɫȥˣ 
ĿؿǸ˶ʧɫУϲŻ˲˼顢ЦáĪȸɫ 
ֱǻû״ŪеϡͿģ 
û뵽ֻô򵥣ûعͶߵûӰˡ 
һ룬ֿЦˣô˵ʲôƵģ 
ʵ֪˵Ĳܣûκǡ 
ǲǳòҲȥ 
ȻǺæһȥӭݣҹȥǸȻô 
ƫƫֻǣڲ 
ܲЦ 
Ȼʯϣҡҡͷʹ˦һŪͷԣϣȻǱźЦ 
һʱͼ¹£׵ʯԣž˵꣬ЦһغˮЦҲеɵˣ 








ڶ죬ȥӭݵ;У·İƽҩ̣ҩǰͣһ˵֡
˴ڹ㳡ľۼ֮ˣ
ɣʱҲȻȺֲ뿪ʱû
ֻǣҩ̴ȴգƽֵӰӣ΢΢һ㶣
˵£ȥε԰
Ϊָ϶ѣ
ɣСأĺʵ
ڣɴ
ʵҲɻѾͷڵģֱ˵ڼڴ˿֡ƲȻĲڣܲ˾ô
ôһļʵСӲһɰɣ͸Ӱ𣿴ʱ֮Ȼ߱
ɳرѾϮж¼ӦøѪ˵йأεﵽǱ˶Ѫ˵ˣûȫ壡
ڼӴ̽ȵͬʱʼİȫл¥ɰߣͿԷˡ
һӿģɻص
µĻǰֵӻ᲻ڣȻ˵ô£ķʡ
֪ôˣһƹŮ˵һͳˣɵܴģ˶ѣ
̫æҲ̫࣬û֪ɢ֮Ѫ˵йغһȷ
ȴҩ̴ŽգӰĶˣʲô⣡
Ȼһǽ˵СѾͷӦò˴ŶԣǣңüʹҲỼûʧǲѡ
Сݸһţ
ֻǣ׵ǣʲô£һţ
ƫƫʱһԵȴҪҪ밢ɱԱԣ
ɣҲŮӱȣֱӾܾ
ֻǱԱԣǵ㵽ΪֹŰɵ
ÿ·ɴкԵʣҿʼע书ƽꡣ
ڰƽҩǰʱҲˣÿοÿģҲžú棬Ҳʵ˵עġ̰ϣ
˵ǻ¥̴ӣ˵һ㣬ѵðɽУಽظСѾͷ԰ɵ֣
ȣɼܾʲôñȵģȻãԼðɣ
ķʱֵÿϷʱ׿Ѿͷĵǣɣȱֺη
ѽȱ³ͬأĵĹעˡ
ŭһۣɰʱ侮ʯֵܺǲ
ȣҵרڣûҽԴصӲڣûˣ̽ôˣû˼ġ
ʱһԵذκͻȻĵ³߼У𣿡¥ȵòʹ죬ֿʼˡ
ã߲ܡ
ҿʼˣذκѵγ֪ԼòŸĿʹԼֵġɱһֱĹȥ
 
 
ĵصţ۾ֵֻĶһ̹ʱһܹ 
ذκۼýҪɫϣͻȻǰһһʧĵӰҪٻʽȴҼһʹòеıֻһǿڿУ 
ôذκҲʮ֮һͼӲڿһأȵؽ䣬ֻҼѾˣ 
Ȼһж߲վ̾ľԻ˵ģͲֻǵѾʶѣ 
ﲻڴ⣬컨¥ΣĵΣ˭һ㣿 
ǰѾʲλλ 
ˣЦһֱôվţûи˭һ㣬еý 
³ˣԼҪȵģɹֲˡ 
ʹ¥ͿƵķ֮в˵޷޲ֱͶˣ 
ֻ̫ûйˣԣذκȽʱˣʱ³ĲԿ 
⻰Եؿ 
ҪǲŰˣ֪ԼԻˣҪһȡҲ޷ֵģʲôñȵģ 
Ҫڴ²žù񫣿 
ΪͿɽׯׯľǺͿÿԣ 
ʱ˵ɣԼذκֻģɵػشˣ 
Ǹóʱͳ֣飬Ҳ˵ѪĲɣ 





֮


ذκԤԼԺıԣԶԡ
ڣǱɱԲûȽ֣ذЦŶĵ³콫ɴȥɣᱻйˣ
ôҪٺòǴЩģĳûذκЦŰɣЦ⣬ޱȵĿİ
ʱǺ˵˵˼ҰϲӣҺɣ
ֻ԰ɵ֣ѣôܻϲ书΢ꣿ
ֻǾһ֣ٲŰɱˡ
ǣӲһСԩңɱϹ˵ĵʱɸ㼱ůȻǰԼӣҾذҲ̫Ϊ˸׽Ȼ˵£ʯ
ô˵ȻذμҵһӲˣ˭˵ӸһԣӲŲǣֵֻģŲϲ˭ģ
ǣֵֻģôܸһԣһҲֱŲΪǵľˣ
ӴôϲӵС껹أذЦȡЦԼҵǸû뵽ǲۡ书ֱŵСѾͷô˵ֱҪһ˵ҪƵģ
⻰һ궼ˣ
һ㲻֨Ĭ˵һУ
ϲӣһСԩң˵䣬ľͲԸپˡ
׼ȥӭݣλҪһȥôذκů
ܵѶϢ֮󣬾֪ͨɣȻûкõ֤֤Ϯ¼Ѫ˸ɵģٿ֪ͨҽɢֽ֮£Լ֪Ϯ֮£
ӶԷôж˵ӦдɢԵʱ֪ͨСķϾҩûо
˵£ذκůʱˣ
Ҫ³㱨¹ǳѰģǸ棬ΰׯӭݼΧݸɵӵİȫĽݸļλڰҽտ乬ǣذκ
Ǽ˵Ϣ˼򵥵ķֹϣҪж¼
ҶסӭݼΧĹұ˴ҲǶ֪ˣӦȽϷ㣡
磬ҪҲһȥذӦĵ飬ͲøһߣϽذκ
ذκвԼӵǵ˼ǽҪҾͻӭȥԵһ㣿
ҲãůʾͬǳҲкһˣ֪ҩǷнչأ
һԼͷˣҲֻǴļѣһȺ˳лˣֵ˷ǳʱڣɳӵӳȥ̽⣬ԸϽµӵ³⣡
񣬷ҪҲֻýߣ׼߷Χ֮⣡
жĲ״٢оҩǿҲмˣ뿴һȺ绨ŮӣҪľʹ²мǿܱɱǶʹ࣡
¥أôʰɡ
ɳһôܻصȥӭݴͺãҡٵȵӣһͻǰɣ
ɢ¼򵥣ʱٽ¶ĶֻˣôԼҲǵϴ󰡣ȫµֺܶڴΪô£ƽʱ͵͵˵ʱ򣬻Ǹõ
ӻ¥ĳɣ˼
 
 
һ㣬ôҲǴѪ˵˻Ի¥Żᶺ뿴ǰȫĲŻģ 
ֺγģ 
Ѿͷ˵úܣǲ 
Ͳ׷׷ֻ׷ƫƫܿʱҲֻܾôߣȫղ˼ 
ҲӦò̫ģ˵ҽģһҽʱ䲻ãҲ̫СС֪˲ࣻҲֻǿͨ 
ӦóʹⶾģֻҪöԷ֪жѾͷǰȫģڰɣӶֻûߣҲͲΪɶע⵽䣡 
Ҳãأʱ֪ͨôܻ 
ԼСˣ 
ĵͷȻ԰ɵҲȥɣ 
ֻǡɡһ䣬ͬطһţ򰢷ȥ 
һûһˬ죡߰ɣ˭ȥ 
˾û뵽춼˵ˣȫĿɿڴһŮǳ˳ݵؿŵĶֱ˧ˣ̾Ľѡ 
ߵİɣҧгݵôܿ飺Сӣ˵첻ˣר֪Ķȥˣ˿ɾûҽˣӵˣ 
ôܣ˵ûˣһѽˣõػܣȻ󿪻ض˵ 
߰ɣ 
ﳤȥ 





÷


ʱ䣬ǰӦʢǵ·ϣ
δһ·˳·ģͲųһΣ˼ũݵţҲ˵شһ·ûʱȫԼ·ֻϣܹٶȵӦʢǣ
أǹ÷ǳɣ˭ȥرһͨͨĿСѾͷ
иűġǣ˵СС鷳
Ǽλɢҵ˳Ź˹أʮӼƥûǰм˵سǵһλƫ
Ҳûϵֻһ縺ֵصǰ棬һţҪԶŵӣϵϰ̸ǧ꺮֮£Ų²Ӧ¡ӦʢǣŻƨɵʶӴҴҸϱ
ģĶȥʲôسƫѯʵشǰ⾫ʮˡ
شʣֻһλµ
ǣǱΪ˶ףǰԼسƫǰ뿴
Ǹλ˰ʧʧسƫϸһƣ漴۴룬Ȼʾ¹ٱУ
գƫԼȴͻȻʵ
ͻȻʣƫһ£Ϲصĩκ
κˡϾӸµؿ۾·ҪƵģص
лˣýκسƫ״ʩ
ϽκҲἰ£ֻ˷Ը
ǣκǶ˼߹ص˧ϽᣬǱʾֻһ֪Ϳɣôȥ
һͷһɳǰ׷ȥֻκžȥ˼
˵÷
ȻǺܶĻҲǷţ÷ǿǻʳеλߵˣһֻ𱣻ĵĻԱһĻӡóӶֲϣһλͱƫߣ
ֻǣ÷ʱΪ£
ֱʧԶκԿǷ򷢴
ѹκ᲻⣬ɻ÷Ǻܶ࣬ȴһǾϸѡĸ֣ҳϷ͸ǺˣȫĹԸҲϧʿ
ᣬɱͳϽµĵɽ֮һҲΨһġ谮Сˣ
±һֱǶʮˣνϸǽҲⷽ򸽽ѰˣҲĹϽʵǿˡ
ʮһΪĸСӣÿˣƽʱʮʱߣ֤ʱĬ޼
ʱ򣬲÷ֹȫ̵ʱڣԶغԼְλֹЭ
ʱ䣬ӵĻְǾŴδйϾ飬վԱֵֶܷ־һء
ΪǵСΣգ꣡
ЩʲôҹǸɫʿĳһȺ߻ӵĽʿĴɱɱУе򶼱Ȳľ֣ЩҲգ
ֻ˵ǰһǳţûǵĻŵ
˵ǰǳ䣬񶼻þδ
û书ÿοָҪôǰ
ǻ¥ִȣܻȫҲᱩ¶ǰ
Ƿǰб
 
 
ʲôаб 
Ȼò¶ۼڰгˣǿǵʥϵͣΥ˿ɾΥʥּˣ 
ǵĽ֪ʶ֮ḻ̬֮׼ȷ÷μ԰ˣ 
ڣȻܵˣֻΪҪǧ꺮ѣ 
ǧ꺮ֻҪҪ٣ǾܸŪ٣õŰͰ͵ܵ˼¡ 
һҪ¡ʲô⣬ǿɾҪ⽻˵ģǸǴʮֵľСذغ 
ʵڲУǽεǵĻפŵļ򾫱ҲȨʱã 
һС˼εǣԱʱεǵ⣬ȫ˳һ·˳ʱڸϵӦʢǣ 
ͷȥԵģСӳ֮һչТȫʾ 
ǰǵʳȫԤ׼õģβִٳУ˴ˮȱƷ⣬δǰ׼ʳʱʱ֣չТȫ˽ 
չТȫϽǸϽµ֮һ 
ҲУ㼴ɣ뽫עǰ治Զͷǰͷϣ漴ֵ㣡 
ãһ˾Уˣչ˹չТȫ 
ʮŸ˵ķеࡱڵ 
ڣһԵϽӦ 
չȥԵģ뿴ֻͷֻ 
СͷΪʳƵģЩͲϻ㱨׼ϴȥġ 
ϰٱڣӹϰֽõͷһЯİһУͿĿͷҰٱȥˣ 





Ƽ


ΪʲôڹղŹ˵ǼأչТȫ·ղͷӶͣǰȥ̲סʡ
ŹˣǴʱȥһ򣬾һһʲôͷңǻ棿չТȫĽ͵
ܽˡ
ڣһɫױ߲ʳǰͣ
һǰǵ̣ǳָ֣վڶͷӡ׸ȵȸɫ͵İǰʼǻɫ
ӻƸϽкǣϰССĹ̨ǰ޾ɵشŽ
СʲôչТȫ
չ翴Űɣͷ˵򵥵ͳɣû뵽չТȫеֵصֻæණģοڿɲѡʱ
ҪͻȻԶɳˣǺǣչТȫЦȻתͷԻƵƣжɳڵ̶ɳãûеĻ춹ɳҲͣ
ؿһۣ͹٣û̶ɳ춹ɳĵУ͹Ҫ٣
˵ƻһҲеΪ飬ĸ˻ᰮİӣ
ûɵϰҲٿ˾񣬿ǡ
СҪôչТȫʵ
ϽҡͷԲģŴҲûǰãչҪԼİɣͷɣ
ƽʱԼ׼ʳʱܻ׼ʢһ㣬æҲףҪͣʱҸջԷ
Ǿ͸ɳչТȫԶԻЦľͽеӼͷ
أӦţʼֱֽ
͹٣ҪҪｴţ⣿ţӦʢǿǳĺãĸ·ĲϼԴչТȫҪɳʼڹ̨ǰĵϰͿʼرעˣʱҪôֱ࣬Ǵ˰ǰƼ
ƹģҵȿţû㴵ôãչТȫϰ
ţⲻͬڰͷҪУڳأͷ͹ȥˣϰһֺõЦ
СǴȥţ⣡չТȫ
ãչȥأЦ
ϰǰ·չТȫȥãһ·ɣҴ꣬ûԹõĽţ⣡
ţǲţ⣡չТȫóڳŶ
õģｴţ⣬кôϰɤӣ˵طԸʦ
չТȫԼϾͳˣﻹżƬкõţ⣬ݸ
ǲŽã֪ͨǣǱ׼ˣ
û㣬·ϾŴˮ򵥽͡
ֻǣȥʱûôˣûϿ˳·ĽͨߣȫԼ˫ߣ
ڻǸڱ߹سŹر֮ǰ˹أ
 
 
ʱ䣬粻ģԥؿʼ̤ϻεǵĵ· 
ܵ˵˳ûʲô۾ǧ꺮ֻǣǷǳεǣ 
أʹˣ 
뿴Сʱ߹·ʱĥĽţ 
֮ǰӾǸεǣҲһ·ϴ˵βͬڱ߾شȽƫƧûǰãⲻ 
εҪһЩˣÿ˶кܺõ֣õģҲԼ⳵εûл·ģԣεû⳵С 
ΪĽţغҼҿջϢһ 
ƫƫεǵģϴǿ˲֪ٱ 
ڣһ뵽ľȻһ뵽ʱĵεΣٱͻ᲻ԾЦգ 
һģʱİٱʹԵСòֵһˣ 
ҲףƾǻصεҲˣһ죬ûټĵˣﻹǾͦźģ 
û˷ʱڳԷϣͬʱԼȼ֮ӦʢǶһͷ·ϾͲ»ᰤˣ 
ҪʵҲǺܸߣֻԼεǴʱÿ쿴ĶѣֻҪܿĨɫӰһۣҲ㹻ˣ 
Ըְɣ 




ҪЮ


εǣӭݣԺ
Ժ类ָϼԳһԺԴӺֱӳӭݣˣ
ĻŮӣеֽһţȻӵ
Ҽ˵ĶΪҺͷǺ۸𣿡صһƬף
ֽϣȻɢ֮ĵӵҪЮҪ˳µһĻսһָʾв˵ӵĻһͲֹжˣ
ڽţһƫƧС﷢֣Ҳɢ֮񣬸һСؤôһֽܲŭ
ԷΪһŮ֮۸
һԵϽӵֽż
㣬ÿȥ³ǿ˵ҳԷů
ǰС㣬û뵽Է˵ıɣȻֶҪЮǸýǵĻǣһԵܹҲһԼʮĺӣС¼ҳ
ҵȻ֪ýǣǿѹŭů΢ƽ͵صղŲ̫
Щ֮ˣΪһŮӵңͺ۸ɣ
Ǿΰɣ
壬ȥٴԼµӣûбҪʱҪţ˵ɢͨ˿¶ҲעСʳȥλú˵ůӹиձԼһŵֽԸ
ϽӦţ
߾ͽˣůԼĻӭݵĻ¥ȥ
˵ĵͰڻ¥٢ȽҽҲȫ뼯оⶾ֮ͳʱҩˣļжҲҽ
ʵҲֹ¼ҵӵжҲ½ежˣ񶼼ڴơ
ҪҲǻǶ̽ģ
ʵǿǸ˶󣬾Ҳǲ֪ɢĽⶾ֮СֻǾȥǣִҪεǣ񶼻úûţ
Լڿͷů߽Դǻ˵š
ůһȥͼ٢֮Եҽڣ硢ذκңĽݱҲڣҲȻ硢λǵ
ϣȻ˹
ֻǲ㲣֮ʹӦûδۼܶʹĥСеΣ
 
 
Щܻ֮ڣӦѾˣȫҪλҽͷˣȻûҵѵýⶾѾƶӺȥİ취жļλܵĥ֮ļλٶˡ 
¹ˣǱˣѯĵˣվůк 
³ģѾźˡůǰֽݸģղյ 
Ŀһۣ˹չͰ͵ֽϸ֣֮󣬾ͻ 
ׯذׯҲյֽȻٸ¹̸£ڳ乬ʵʱΣ 
ãůϡѵ˹Ǹóʵʱ 
Ҳٴ 
乬˵ʱӦһʿҲ˴˶ĽʾΪʣ˵Ķˡ֪δ˵ж˻˭ʱںδѾж 
ǣ´磡 
´硱еĻڣ÷ȫƤ 
ӦûûôɣԷףһˣҲͰеòֻͣǣһӱøˡ 
֣ԼĲµĲϣĻɻ¥ǼһƢãȽó˴򽻵 








ʱλʿȣǼҲȥļλȥˣСȷʵǲ֪˭ǣʱ첲ҲǶڵˣȴʵʵڵģǼǵ
ûĵĲͣСõسƺš
̹֪ôɢĶ𣿡٢ĵٴ׷ʵ
ֻܽϣóʹˣѾĶĽⶾʧˣκԽԽΣˣͲ˽˶ԹԵʲôı򽭺Ϯ
սж˭֪Щ˻жأ
ѽ֪ʶҵģҶû˵Ӧǲ֪ˣҡͷ
Ǻã乬طúϢĶϽȥ͸
ûʲôʵˣȲ֪ⶾ֮Ҳ֪ʲô˵ǣԷӶ֪ҲͲ˷ʱˡ
Ψһ֪ǣһҲ˴˶֪ĻӦñëѾͷ࣬ϧȴ֪˵䣡
´磬СøˣصμҪĵȼֵģû뵽紫˵еǰɫܴģ΢ܶˣ
乬ߣվ䵭ص
͸̧齽ȥˡ
·壬ȥȫҽݣΧҩ̣Ƿǰβ˵ģ㱨Ķһǵӵ
ʱĻ¥ȫ׷Ѫ˵䣬һֱϵԻߡ
ǣ·Ӧ˳ȥˡ
ֻǣ·ųţһȣ
ʲôˣ
ȫǸ֣Ȼ˸ڽ¥
·廰䣬ֻӰһ硢ذκůţͬʱȴһŶӳĴӷɽһֱδֱɶȥ
ʹŵģů޺޵Ʈʱѿһţ뵽Լյвţ޲ý֮ʬϣ
嵽һסΣ̹Ƿţϵݸһֱܴݵġ
ĲòﰵԸ̾˺ôĵӣӸֵ£ȻǰŸ
֮ûųȥΪ֪ӭݣȫõĿ֮£Լµͣ˭ܹôҲƿ֮У˵ԽҵҲ˵
ղůֽϷɵˣʵڰҲСؤ֮ǰ͸ߣԣ˲Ų̫Ծ
 
 
ʱϾصͶ 
ֻǣżֻһ֣ɫѾ䣬ŵݣһξƮ⡭ 
ΪǾ㹤ּѾӡԺ£ֻһΣ£ʱܲΪȻؽӵˣ 
صּ 
û뵽ŵľȻ 
ѵҲп۵ʱ 
ˣ֣˲书֮ˣ 
Ǹɵɵؿһɵ˶ǸΪŮǸ׷ֵƤŮȻ¼ˣ 
ȻһʹϢһͣһ 
ӲǲڶһѪǿѹǷϢ 
ͬʱܵغ 
飡 
ֻǣһ˻ֻԼûõ㣬ֱҪԼӵף 
Ϊˣɢ¼ˣʹһֱƭȻһҲ 





ҩһ


÷żѰӰӣ
ֻԶһģˣůذκǼΧڼΧ£ֱۺе㲻ԸǱ
ס֣ûУĶڽأôס֣˽к
³ֻ飬ûв㣡ůݺݵش̳һֵһҲɡ
䱻ΧľȻ˺ôһֻվһԿϷûԼҵϢ
ʱԼ磬ʱһҩ˵ЦԵú죡
Ȼ£
ţ
һֱأҽģҲڷɢ¼ʧˣ˻£ǲҲʶ֮ˣ
뵽һУʹ޷ֹ
¹˵öԣֻǽѣصҲԼƤӵߣеһԿˡ
Сӣ㿴žȻΪϷ򣿡Ǳضһкŭ
ǿЦЦû뵽ţȴȺСӵƵ׷
ЦΪԼģͻ
ûطأ
ҾȻҴԲѵСӣǰԳϷ
ֻǾѣԼûŵݣ
ȻҪȥƭºʹ࣬ǽżչϸһϸʱˡ
ǣһҩ
ʱȻּذκůǼղյֽϵּǲͬģ
ʱôһأ
ȫţǼһ
⻹һдδйľؿڶڷʹֱҪԼղǲǲ߻ħˣ
ΪůǾ䡰ʹŵġĻ󵼰ɣ֮ңԣһ˽ȥŻûɵذʹһ
ס֣ȵ
ǳһ䲻¼ˣ
ס֣ذκǶɵ˿ˣҲڷЦЦߣ
 
 
˭ģ˵ΪʲôֱӸģȴҪתˣ 
ϷԼЦЦɻˣ͸ҩΪʲô˭еģ 
Լֱӷ񶨵񣡡 
³ʲôݣůʵǵ̸ŪͿˡ 
ҩһڷһĥ󣡡ЦЦҲ׷٢ҪһζҩҪʵģҩҲ֭ϣҽ֪𣿡 
֪˵ǡ٢ϲʵ 
˵ҽɢҩҲؿ 
ǣôѾͷдˣԲƴһ֮ǰԼһֻѣͻָ侲 
ѾͷȻɢĶ 
ǿΪҽ٢֮Ե˶޲ߵĶһСѾͷȻ᣿ 
˼ת뵽˸ղźֱ۲ʵֱˣ 
ٺ٣һСˣһСˣЦЦЦֻɻôͻȻĵعˡ 
ĺԭָ 
Ǹӵ˰ɣ 





ҩ


ĻȻף죬Ӧ˰ɣ
ֲһֵҲˣһͻᱼǰʵʵҩԭ˰ԭѲĲ
ô˵ЦЦЦû뵽˼ת˵Ŀ죬֪ԼȵҲûʲô˵ġ
ΪԼҩԹЧŽҩǵġ֮ǰҲѾͷͬҪԸ߱˾Ľⶾ취ģҩ
ҩõİɣ˵ԼĲ²⣡ȻܽɢҩıʼҲƲֱ˵Ĳλ˵Ĳ࣬˵Ǹʿʮ֮**ˣ
ΪʲôԼģЦЦصҲ̫˵ɣȻµ֮׼
㡱һۣȻʮֿ϶ص
ܣЦ۸֪ıʼ
ٺ٣Ȼǰ˵ЦЦΪĲ²֮׼Цˡ
ֻǣЦЦҪ֪Ĳʶ䡢ϤıʼʮֹעѾͷΪˣ֪ĵ֮ģǷôһ㣿
ôҽԼ̽ʵѾͷڵʲô
֪ЦЦЦ
֪㽫ҩ
ǣ֪˶ЦЦ͵
Ѿͷ֪ˣƵģղȥȻڣﲢǺ뽫Ͻⳡ
Ͼǽˣֻһֵġ书СѾͷϾ¼ܸӡ
һУ٢֮Ըеس嵽ЦЦߣеʵ˭ⶾ
ǻ֪ϻбǶҽأ
ҽȥ˵ĳ
治Ѿͷģô˽֪˶Σ
ϸҩЦЦ˵˾Ʒ鿴ЦЦƣ٢Ѫڣϲʤֶֻ֮Ե
֣˵ôû뵽⼸ζҩأȻһʱͺõòˣ̫ˣ
 
 
ȥݣ֮Ҳ˵ضĵ 
ãׯذׯҲһȥҩ֮˰ɣףͬʱ硢ذκֵǷǳʱڣаʱҩû˾Ͳˣ 
ͬʱԸҵҩ֮ϼӱܣ˴ʱڳ֮⣬й 
һȡⶾʱ䣬Է֪ҿɾͲˣһҲԶԷ⻹ûҵҩԶɢжҥԡ 
õģ硢ذκվ֮һȥˡ 
λҽ˭ĶҲҵ̣٢ЦЦ 
ˣҲǽˣҽЦЦܾ͸¶Ͼ⻹ҪԸ 
ûʸ˭ҲԸ̸⣬תЦЦ 
һ˵ЦЦͿʼˣͷˣϷ򲻹ǽһ˶ѣûʲô˵˴Ҳֲ֪Ҳգ 
ȻԸ˵Ҳǿ 
ƫƫһԵңɻ书ǿѵѪ˵ 
Ҫ֪ղڼֵΧ֮Ҳôã硢ذκߡ˵ĸ֣ůĽݱԼǰʮĸ֣ 
ԣңò˻ɣ 





ҩ


üĿȻɳն
ȿȿȿȡôܣѵԼԼɣЦЦûǺ
˵ɢѪµĶ֣ů׷ʵ
ǵȻѾɢ¼ѪΪ˵һ㶣ҲʵˣϮ֮£ģ֪ʲôΪ𣿡
ȿȿȿȡЦЦȵøˣ
ЦҼѵǡڽ㽭Ѹ̫ˣûԹߵϣΥѵˣְ̫
ԹЦЦĹ죡
ôˣĽݱ֣˲ش⣬ڿȸʲô
ȿȣ⣬ǲǲòϷҲǺˣЦЦΪѵصһ䣬ǴӲ֤ʵ֤ݵȷԡ
ô֪ǻЩĿؿˣǿֻǼµǵ֪˴Ӻε֪
ȿȡɶѣɶѣЦЦֱô̸ȥ̫Σˣתƻ⣬٢ҽ֪𣿡
룿٢üͷʲôõģɢĶ𣿡ôô֣
٢֪ĻǿɾǺˣ
Ҳǵһ˵֮˵Ҳܹע⣬ɴ˻Բ³Ҳ˵
ҲΪ٢ЦЦ
Ǳ룬ҪһãЧãЦЦɹת˴ҵע
롭Ķ˵٢ü˼ţ
룬ֱֲͨͬϣʱһƬÿԻɢ˿֮УֹԵӣЦЦ˵
ˣ٢˼ڤ룬ڣȻʣصǺǴ˵ҽ˵Ǹйôεҽǻˣ
һ˵ЦЦҲȻԼǺһϣѾͷʩչַȷʵǸ٢˵һ
 
 
ǲǻҲ֪ҪƣӦûõģЦЦ˵ȻһΣƮ⣬ԶԶϷˣ 
Ǹйأô͸ӦýϽ鷳ˣܣҪЩ䣿 
٢лҪʣȴ˾ȻܵûӰˣǶ 
ûϵкˣֻʧǰ 
ȴ˼飬ҡҡͷ٢ûб룬ܽⶾ𣿡 
Ӧûд󰭣ҩڷ󣬿Ըɢ֮ˣӦǻ֢״֮˽⻺ʹ࣡٢˼һ 
ǺãҽͰҩҽΰɣ˵꣬˻ҵⶾû¥ģȻͲٶˡ 
 
֪ǹټӵܣû뵽ݣ²ĻҪ߹󡭡 





ҹһ


ҹǣ¥
¥ûصԼסǰ߽԰ͤȥڵϣֱϣ촵ҹ磬Ϳ¹µİٻ԰
ֻǣдݵУȴ
һǵãȫ֣һֱӭݣżɵ£ٶԴ˳ȥˡ
ŬѪεǵ֮ԱҲ˲ɢ¼֤ݣʣµľǲɢԴ֮ԼѪ˵ϳ
鷢ڻսǰϦʱڣже˼ɣȫ֤ȷ䣬㶯֣þϲ֮ˣ˵ΪµһԵʣڲ켺Ͳˡ
һ֤ôǽа̵İγʱ
аİɣȻΪ˴ﵽĿģԴ˾޽֮ҩҪЮȥôý
ǱߴϢҵⶾķϢѾʼսⶾ֮жˣЧǳã
н飬ӦǴˣ
ôʱڿһԼ˰ɣ
֮ʱʱжϢƫƫĵǸ˶ȴһֱûţһ춼ǣġ
ڣʱһ첽߽԰
ĺˣ¥ƽʵ
ӣﻹû꣬ĺȥ̽Ƿ
ô¥̾˿վ¥ȥĺ׼££ͽʾĿŰˣ
ǵˣǷȥң޷ͣϢĵǡ
ǣӣ
ĺ첽ǰ棬ȥ׼¥ɰɵȥˣ
ֻ֪ҹӣǶô٣𿴻¥ʱů紺ĺģĵļ尾ֻС͸ߵˣ׵档
˵ǴųǵģѰɰɵĻ¥ųǣҹɫŨأˣһΣʩչṦٵǰȥ
ֱԼʱʹҹҲѵԶǰиһȳһյСӰڼѵţţΣٶȣţ첻˶١
һֱǹĵǸ˶˭
Ǳ龰һᣬᣡ
 
 
ӣ 
ʱ䣬ȫҪǱжǱҪжң 
ĥĥ䡢һһŲţܵĻֱڵˣ 
أǲ˵ˣ۵ÿһصɽϺȣʹøһմؾĵʹÿһ 
ҲˣƫƫŵǴӲͷûθȥֻҧһСڣСﺬܾòǿ£ 
һֲܳԺþҪԱˣڵȶƫûһʳ߸ˣǾٲΨ谡 
ΪԼҪ·ϵĵڣȴ˰ϤĺʱͣǱͼѵĽŲϲػӦţ 
ɷ𣿡ʵǻܣȴˣѵ̫ܲ˻þ 
ϾͿһӰҹǰɻ˭ 
ɷɣߵԽԽӰ 
ֱҵ˾ǣϲöҪˣ 




ҹ


ǰ˶Ǳģվǰ֪˵ˣ𡪡͸óˣôҲٳԵͷ
ץס֣סԼҡҡ׹ӣǿǱ˵ˣֻеӵЦˣ
˵εǺ󻹱һĻôڴ˿̣ҲٴˣҪжж⣡
⣬Լʵһչ¶ɿ֪ǻ¥ĸҲһģ
ģԸԼ˵ˣżǰ˲עأ
ֻǣһץɵ֣üˣ
ôˣ˭ģСḧ֣۵صеߺ޲ƽ֣Ϥˣ
ˣȻֱ֣ðɲ֪˵ʲôã
ǲ˭ˣ̫࣡ڵ˵Ǽһ޴
ѽôǲס̾
Ѿûˣˣұ㣡ȥеĨۣΪֱ۵վǶأ񲢲ǺǡΪ
ǰǣ˵ֵֻģϲ˭˾ˣȻͻصԼȥǸ뽭Ȼͬĵط
ףʹҪϲ˭Ҳϲģ
ǰδιĵĳݡĽĵһοʱˣĶ̬ȣӦҲرģ
ǣżеˣﻬ⣬Ǻܽ黳ģ˭ҪΪ˭ģΪᡢ͸ƤĿ˶أ
ϲ˭ֻҪûʵһ죬ֻҪû뿪εǣͻ棬֣ϷƲ
ϲһ
ʵ˵ֺγأ
Ϊ֪ͬĸ飬ԣҲδȥϸ˭עֻеһͣעԶֻеһβôֻϣܼס
һȷϲ˭ôԻ뿪ȥ
˭ȥĶЩҪҲδҪȥ̽
ԣֻܱ鱳
ִ磬Ҫգ
ãЦ
鱳⣡
ſıϣڲٳأĽһˣ̾οеĵ飬ʵ㣬ֱ˼ˡ
ɷɣţǽɷأ¥ͻȻ
ôУЦŨŨҹɫšֻҪˣԻ¥棬ǲģ
 
 
òã簢أҾͽɷɣָòҾͽ¥Ӧǲ֪뻨¥ͬһ˰ɣ 
ã 
ɷɣǳҵ𣿡ڴӿѳˣʼʱʵˡ 
ǰôûе㵣ģشƭ˵ôǳϹܵİɣ 
ллɷɣϸĸ첲§Ĳӣһʾл 
ܵĴУһһ 
֪ӦǷǳмѣϽֹϢԼе㵴黳Լûһ 
ôôڶҹ·ΪʲôǰǼҸջϢŻʵ 
ҹߣڰҰ⣬Ѿͷһ㶼 
뵽ֵǵӣǴ˱ʱˣŲնҲۣܵǰ߾ǣɣС󣬴û¹ʲô 
ʲôļͥŻͳôһѾͷ 
ֻǣ΢΢ü 
ΪԶԶأһֱмڸƵģ֮ǰһ㣬ԴֺЩ˾͸ԶһЩˣù 
˭أȻһֱǸģⲻ书ɵѾͷȴ޲ 





ҹ


Ϊʲôſļͷŵĵζʱ̣ҪԼΪʲôôˣ
Ŷˣ쿴ĵĻᣡ
һ·ʹĥʶģû֮ǰ׳־ֻôǰǷ·ֹ·˵ʹԥ̤ϻس̵ΰĿˣ
ϲסһϻҲһ¹ӱ˰ʵ
شðɿЦã
֪ϲģࡢǱΪϻģԡҲôһǡǲҲѾͷﻹһĴڣ
㵽˶··϶ʲôһȳһյţСŵǴͷ
˶·
ѵǳԵ
ҽȥӦʢˣ֪ģҵǱõȥ±ЧǺܺãϰӦʢǧ꺮Ҿȥˣ
㲻˵Խ˵ˣҪȥȥôһôԶƲʱ֣ȻҩЩˡ
ɷɡԥһ¡
ôˣ߱ʵ֪ôԥԥ
һֱû㣬һɢĲˣ
ʲôһʱ·ͣ
Ƶģ
ô˵Ƿҩдģ
֪ҽأû뵽ɢĶ
ûǶҪıЧһ㡱ͣҲܾɢֽŵһ˵أɢĶ͸˿ɢģ˱Ժòã
˵ģһСжͲˣȻΣһҲҲɢʹ࣡
ڵ˵𾪣죬ſʼǰУʵӣ֪˭˰ɣ
ǻ¥
УΪʲôû˵ⶾҪñ룿
Ÿ˵أɷɻ˵ȾͲȣ¥ͲˣΪЦЦǳͷϹŵµһǲܾܾ˵սİɣһȺ˲Χģۣ˵ġ
 
 
Ǹˣ 
ѵ֪书ΪɢκβˣֻءԴɳƵػãҴӦ㣡 
֤ſͷϢ 
˵ʵϲζοߵ൱ȣܲ۵˵˯ 
㾲һʵԶͰ͵һȥӦʢǣ 
ԺУҪʻ૵ǰʧĶҩֽһ˻жġһģæû˵ 
Ҫ˯ôڳݲ壬۵ɵģڲ²ӦۻˣûĲ²ˣкܶж 
˯ɣҽ㣡 
ӦʢǰôԶĵطһŮȻһʱ˸أѹֻģˣûڵѾ㹻ǿģ˵漣ˣ 
׷һ·ôԷˣúϢһ 
šñӦ˸ΪʵλãľͰĵܹȥˣ 





ģһ


ߵʱ˴ӭݻǡ
ɣӣʵԶԶͺԵؿɱϵǸСŮ˯ˡ
ɳ˻չ⣬ĸŮ׽Ļ᣿ǼһƽʱһЦôů·׺ᣬʵǧ֮⣡
ȻңԶĶϸ˯úŮӣȷʵѾͷ˭
һģڷ˰ǰ
ǣһ·ۻˣص¾ѱ˯Ѿͷ
Ŷżʹ˯ҲƣСֹסһɬ
׷ܣ˵ϲҹ˳·ĻᣬԸȴԸû¥ڻ¥Ϻܷĵ˯ˣ
͸Ѿͷ˼
Ķȥˣһ죬ر֪ɢĶ󣬾͸ǵİȫںȥֲҴĵע⣬ҲֻܰԵǶѡ
ӻûԶɲĵ⣬˵ȫ޹صĻ⡣
֪ˣʱҹȫѾЪҵ֮׼˲Ŷԣӣ
ûԶ
ĶʱһģϷԸȥŪݷҶֵˣȻװɲ˵ԭ򡪡лǰ˵ֶȺȻǣ
Ӧȥˣ
ԶſģȥӦʢǧ꺮ڱ룡Ϊ֪ɢֽ֮£
ǻۻ
ֻǣŰɱ˯ȴƣ˶ǷһΣԼȻôһ˲䣬Ǳָʹ֮ˣȻΪɢĶۣ
ֵܿɲǰ׵ģ赭дġһ㲻ƽش𣬰ɾˡ
֪ԽɢõģҲ֪ҩҩдڿ֮£뽫¶ǰΣ֮£
ģôιҲù룬Ҫסġģָһʵæñˡ
סҲҪصѾȡӦʩ
סҲҪ
ǰΪϴĻ¥Ϊֳ֮ˣǶ֪ҩĹ𣿰̾һһ㲻ĵĿǽŵ
 
 
ô룬סˣǣסôһſڱ˯ǸС˶֪жҲҪȥƵģ⣬סģ 
˶ɲֿԽ¥廨ŮӰ 
ɴĳĬˣ֪˵ˣ 
ɢֽɵжǷз˭˲֪˭˲ 
ѾͷǵС֮ˣ 
ֵǷݴ󵨣书Ҷһ߻ӵεǻȥҹҰߣһ˿ľ£ 
ǻΪ˶ܱ˵вˣ뽫Լı֮£Ҫܾģ 
ƫƫĻǾ޷ƿУǿκԸ£ΥԸ 
һµˣҲһ֪¡ôд˰ɣֱ˵ĶΣգĶһ֪жǾģ 
ûǼ˵ȳ֮ģҲǴֵ֮ģж¼Ϊȥһţôܣ 
ֻԣ 





ģ


ȻסȻֹΨһİ취ǴΣոԴˣ
԰ɷǳƽ͵ؽŵõİ취ֻдӸģǵüӿˣ
Ϊ˻ƽΪİһº͵Ѷɱ
ֻгײѪˣٵΣգýعƽͣĲľԱĿ־岻
¥ţȡ̵ʱ˽£֪ҪȥΣգҲֻˡ
ãɴȻŸһ£
ģһֱڸǣ
ô˭㲻֪Կ΢УϸȷԷλá
ҴĻһ䣬ƮԶ
¥Ƶظǰȥ
ֻǣʹҲһǰһԶ
֮ǰûԼΪ¾ѱϵ˶Ϣĳ֣ȻҪǰ
΢㣿
ðɾͺܺˡʶˣ
ǰĵǰ߰˸ˣж룬򣬼ʹʱҲңȫǳȣңϣʮֿһǷͨ˼ܵġ
¹ӡɹӣпΪ׵һ˯ŵ䣬ʩ
˭ɲʶǰЩˣҲûͷһȺбУеôʶ
ӵĿЦǿ̹ĵ죬һֱߣȻʶˡ
ŶɫȻصȴǳȡʲôˣȻһȺֶõҸ֪Ҫĺüˣ
룬λӣٴʩҹ˸ͬһ㣬ڶĵſڱ˱˯㣬Ȼˡ
ȻΪʲôղ·ϲ֪Ҳεǣü΢壬𱸵ղŶҪ·ˣֻԶԶظŶʩԮأ
ﲻ֪ҲεǣµȷֻǰбҼҹù﷢֣͵ΪŲᡢȫҪĸȥˣҹʱ߹ֱҪһ߹·Ҫࡣ
˭ɼʵ˭ǿӲѾͷۣܿðһͷ±¶ҲеƣΪʲôķصֻһŲʡ
ľǵûʲôֵʵģ֪ǹټӵܣҴӽ٢˵ҽпǻ׹ݣ
֮ǰȥĶԭת밵˰
ؼǣûпǱģ֪ߵúεȼεʹ࣬Զȵֻи桢ȴʩԮֻûô߿
Ҽ˵ֻ˽ͣѯʵֻýһ͵ҲҼҹĸף˹ˣ
°Ƕˣ
ǲ֪ĸףŻ˵
ɲò̾ǿ¸ĸİ˶棬ȴֵøĸֻܰ˱þ֣
 
 
ǣôšõô 
֮ǰûܴĻԶԶֹǰôλ 
͸λˣº͵ص밵бĻǾͳ˰ɣˣΪѾĺˣ֮ǰƽỺü 
лλӣ빰漴һ֣ǰ⼸λʧںڰС 
ֶ൱þͱذκǲǰóĽۡ 
ǣǳѵأǵˣҪʤһĲò˳ϵ 
һȺ书ǿѵصڰбһΣɶȼ˺棬ģȻ֪һЩġ 
ֻǣȻʱԣ̽֡ 
Ϊϵ˶ѹ 
밢ɣǾ֣Ȼܴǳǳĺж˯ŵĺøӳؼȻ 
ɷɣղţ˭ڰô 
ɣԺеôϤ 
ĺЦע΢յСˣŬ 
ˣЦʣͬʱʼҩȥ 
ţ̧ۣͷܣѰӰ 
ȴȻľߣʱǶŴС죬ֻܷŶĵ 





ģ


ô뵽ûҵǣ˿˵һֱŵ
¹ӡϺãεضĵ
û뵽ԼǱģĸƼˣյײǽʱ÷̣
ܵǻĽӲҪȶȣ̾Ϣ̾Ϣ֪ľͻ˵УﻹǾζӰ
ֹסܣů紺磺ӣСĿɱˤˣ
ǱһʯͷҪˤɡ
õģɷɣЦ§Ĳӡ
ദĬ޼䣬ǰȻгһĿ˵ĽѣɱԼСܹ
ӣȡã
ٺ٣Ҫһ㶼Լܱ¹ӣлɵЦе״ΣܼһѾ⾪ϲˣĸŶ
ֻǣ֪ǲǿˣ¹£ô񿴼ôһǵȻ
ϵϾ͵ˣ
ҩˡ
ɷɣɣƽҩǰ棬İɵļ磬
ԼôĽšɱʾɣ˼ʱŶ޷մصʹģ
ϢôˣӦûɣЦΪľȻûǷ֣ҲԱߣСڷ̡
ǰԽµأ
ֻǣĽһմأĵʹԤͻȻϮӶʱͲȵǰȥһԵַסĸ첲Լܵץ˰ɣ
òңôЪһȸղŸʹˣˣ˼ͬʱĵлл¹ӣ
ӽİɣڵһ¹ӡ˵ŤжŤһַ
ģȻô
ӾͽİɣҲһԵԽӷˣԿóţ
¹ӡ˵˻ŤһŶñŤģöƵģ֪ｫжأصΪֳôҪ£
ӽôˣôΪɱΪ˵ԵʣԭΪˣķ⽿ʹ˶̲סʵ
·ߵģӦ߻ˣӹСɰͳԿףһ߿һ߰͵
Ϊ˵ΪԼûã
 
 
߸·ѣȻߵýŶҪƵģ˵ȥ˲Ź֣ 
ķӣȥƣɶĵ֪ҩ̵Ļʯ͵Ķ˵ڰûʲôû취ˣһĨڡ 
ķ䣬ǰš 
ôǵһ㿿ȫҪƵģŵЦŵллл¹ˡ 
ʲô취أǰֹסеţŵЦݶҪӲˣҸǱ׾࣬ɵģǳͰ 
ΨҵǣڰУƼɣ 
Ҫ˽ѳͷڵضˣ 
ֻǣĵлĻδ˵꣬ڰУֺܲ˵ĿҲܸеһԷͫڵ 
лл졭ˣ˱׾֮ʱ֪һϸĿڣҪ˾Ҫɱˡ 
ҪԼģôôŤ 
òظܹڽһ棬糬֮⣬ѾˣͶĴˡ 
οǱ֮ʱ 
Ǻ֮ˣرε֮󣬸ǽٵóףҪʥԶżǰҪ⵽ģɣ 
ŵԣһĨ⣬ˣ 





ʳ塱һ


Ѿͷֱ˲ؿʹ
ıƽϢؿڵʹ仰ֿʼеʹˣ
Ȼ֪ǣһ죬˶¡˷æʱȴһֱڹİΣ
żȻ͸𣬵ǰͲжԶԶƵģ˵ϲ
ǽԼ͵ǰмһ
ҳԵȥˣ˵ɣŬƽϢʹز¶ص
ԵģˣҹȫˣҪȥҳԵأ
Цôһ˵һǶˣ
ֶۣӽʹҪˡ
ʱѽƵˡ
Ǿ͡ķȥǱߣָָҽǰλʲô취ĽźȣͲԼˣҲֻͷĽǸˡ
ã
ֻǣʲôŶὫַϣôһþûӦʱѽൽˡ
澭ĵɵЦ
ô죿ŵǰеʵľ飬ĽŶʹ콫ʹġ
дӣɷҰҩģҩеģңˮݽţͻûµģ
ǴСʹֹסǶˣ
ľԱŶЦŶĵæҲǵð
ôĽʱȷʵֻɵżʱ򣬵óŰɻڣ㽫ҩ룬ڵԼ޷ʱֻڵˣ
˵꣬ʼҽϵֽʣд
дҩ˵ɣûصôǿһ㣿
ֻǶ£һԵӵİɶûµĻȥԺˮɣҩһ׼ãͿ԰ˣ
Ϥþ͸Լ¥һڣûҲð۵ģ
ģȻû¿ǰĸ룡
ĸоԼǶƵģɴȥԺˮһЩοô˵ҲֳķԸհҲʲô
ԣŷʢķ˸ʱŵľôһĻ
͸ǳĸȣͼͥСԺǳʵڰҩȴҩ￴еء˵Цҩ䡣
ֻС˵ģһֱЦޱȿģ
 
 
ܲأ 
ƼûУԺɷ¯ҩ꣬żأȻò˼ͬʱġ 
ǿż񰡣һֱֻֻܳݵģȻҩ˯ŶЦѵģ 
˵μֱ˵ڵأͷһƬңһֱ㲻״ 
ǿİķǶ˳Ľżô˰ҩͯӡ 
ŷУԼ۾ԼǷ񿴴ˡ 
Һöɷأһ÷ɣһŵ㣬СӾءܲŮعпˡ 
ϸ˵Ƕһ˰ 
ãɽǸõı룬СķŽҩװãͬʱ磬ȥ³һ԰ɣ 
Ͻ˷ŵǰҽϣɱȥĻŰҩȽǼ˰ɣ 
ﰢ֪˼ֱùһСʢһݸ䣬öȳԡ 
ҾͲˣЦŶ͸̤ףӣֻǣǼʱߣҿ֪ò¿꣡ 
ôˣϲôҪģĳɣֽһٺֵݸ 
翼ǵûܵҲ׼ˣ뵽ŮӶʳ죬ĵΪ׼˸ָ㡣 
ǣʱʳ䲻ȥӸ㣬ָǰĵļ߲ˣʵʲôˣ 
ðɺ͸ľؿھȻ˲ʶļ߲ͨˣһʱ˵ 





ʳ塱


ĺͰɵӣСһԼһͼ׳յ⣬˵ˣ˲˼ı飡
Ҫǣ˶֮ʱȻǰ
͵һȻı飬޲Ҹضˡ
֪֮ңû뵽ȻЩû⣬̲סʣЩû
ԺһƳеģС֪أȥ̳ŮСѾͷܸ⼸˵׼ȷѧ
峴Сײˡ²ˡСƹϡɺָܿܵѵûԹ
ûʵ
ÿΪ֣ͷӵȲݲݽСҪ׼ʳ٣Ҳ׼һ֮ģȻյ㣬ʵʵص
ûҲûԹ
⻰ü˶һۣﲻʣЩͨĲ˶ûԹôôģ
ܽڣֱһ漣ˡ
ǿ㳢ϲԲůɣ
ů紺ԺɻؿŰɡֱͲ㽫˻¥ˡ
ͬڹһ㣬ֻһСﳢһ֮£ʱЦ绨п˵Ц㡢ۡ𣬺óԣ
ȻϲԣðɷԼʼ㡣
ǲָɻôĵأһԼʢ
ֻǣ˿ĳ඼Ծ治ѡ
ǸðͿŲ˺óԵĿ˶Ȼɲŵسţ·ʢϣƷζһݲȣŴæ
ˣҲóķǳϲǼСˣרСˣƷǶһ۶Ը
ɻؼǼ߲˳˳Ҳһ㰡Ϊʲô˼ζˣ˼ղסǲȥ룬תȥţ⡢Ѽ֮Ļ˵ˡ
ɷɰʳ俴õõʱ򣬼ֱҪĿɿڴˣ̲סʵ
ţҲһ飿ܺóԵģһ㲻Լ㰮ãƼ
ֱҡͷ΢͵ЦţСС¶Եÿɰ֮
Ц
˳ݵµһˣ˴۾
书΢İĴƣձ겻˵ɢĻζҲ˵ʳֱ˼еġƷˡ
ǵģЩ˵ȥ˭ţ
лᣬóԵ㣡Եǰܣ̲ס
 
 
ʲôȵϻʼŷĸζأ 
ðЦһ£Եʲô֪ƽʱʲôˡ 
ͷڴС࣬ҪǼС˳ˣԿԿ϶⼸ûԹĲƷ 
ͷ 
밢ͬʱü 
ô˵϶ǳԵͷ˿ʱϵǴͷ 
ͣԼΪЦ 
죬Ѿͷһ쵽ǿͷգ밢ɶһۡ 
ǰͷҲȻԵõ˶ﻬһ˿ϧĳڷģ 
û뵽Ѿͷӹ⣬ֱ˵ǳģȫŰԼʹѣ 
֪ʲô𣿡֪ʱվָţʵǺÿ쿿ͷСѾͷ״Ķ 
Сˡ 
ǵǰ׳ 
ţ⣬ǿѼ֭ȣָǼˣǺѧһش 
ֻ֪ʱ߶ѣõŵɽҰ 





ʳ壨


˵ԵģҲܵģֻȥΪЩѣżǻ׸˵
ȻżǰϾ׵ôʤ֣ؼǼˣϸƷһص
ţ΢˵㣬ζ΢˵㣻Ѽӿòִ࣬Ѽӵѡе⣬ʣѼһóԣȵζԣ֭зһƤζĻɫ
һһ˵٩٩̸һһ㶵ˣ
밢˼ǺƽϵС˶˼ϱֳìܡ֪߲ˣǶԻ䣬ӦԽŪĲˣԽ֪öһЩ
ɸǿģѯ
֮ǰĿǼµ̬ıԼ֪
ĶҡҡͷʾԼҲ⣡
ĿɿڴĴһҲͬǰ̾˿תƻʵҩô
Ĳ̽һҲ룡
ѺˣѾҩˮŴãȻٺأҲϡġ
ѾԺˣղŶ죬˳һ֣ѺزƽϣǺܸмص磬лл㣬ҳԵóԵһٷأ
ˣ練˼
ҪҪһ̶⣿Ѿõİɣֿʼ̶⣬һݸҲ̫ˣǳͷģƼԼԵĸ
ɻؿŰɣ֪ĳ˾ǳʳǵĳŻʱЩôĶô㣿
˵ǻ¥Զףѵǻҵˣϲã
ٺֺˣ̶̫ˣЦǰĶⰢɾȻҲԵûԵǰҲ̲סԡ
ͷԣֽһٺָԼǿ̶⡣
Сһ죬ӹĵİٺ֣ĵسţ
һ˿ĳֱ࣬Ҫˡ
˵˽ʵƹ£Ҳҡһ˶ģοǳһյˣ
͵ĵƹ£СɵıӡˮüСǵĸмȿɰСԵǰСЦ绨ѤãȫһĻˣ˿Ŷܡ
Աϣó˿ĨĨС죬ȻźϾʵ
˵ɣ쾿ʲô£ڳĿҲǺǵĿͻֻСЩ΢̶ѡ
 
 
ͻأĻüѹһۡ 
ҹ˯ʲô£˲˵ 
ûôΪҹ˯ΪڽȫСٳδԵʡ 
ǰҲǾϹģôû˵ţ 
׼Ƿʲô£һе£ðɵŵһҹܳġǰֻǰģ 
ֻЦģεصɣ˵ģͿˣô˵ˡ 
ֻ̾ķݶˣһۣ˳ȥغ 
죬кܶɢĶļҪؽж¼Լ٢뷨ҩ֮£ 
ʱȥҩҪЮŵ£ֻжⶾ֮¡ 
ûйµȤȻò͵˸΢ȤĽ¸һоʹ˴ס 
ܲǣ֮õ£ 
ֻģḶ֮ˣ 
ˣֿ֪΢΢ԸһѣϣѾͷΣ֮⡭ 





ʳ壨ģ


ⶾܺýⰡҲ͵ˣĹɢ¼ľ֮ɵصⶾ£֮ǰҲ˵˵ģĵʵѵûһλ٢ⶾ֮
ôû˵£
治֪ЦЦĶȥεȥˣ첻ǽҩ˵ãжȸ˼ҽⶾ֮Ӧ
ǰ˵Ҫˣô˴ģ
´δ˵˵ˣ
ЦЦҧгݣ
ɿһۣĽ͵ҽΣ¶Է㲻Σգ
¶Է᲻
Ҳᵣô
ԣϲؿģ
²£Ҳ£õңбֱ̬Ҫ˻̬ǲҲ̫ڼˣٴ׷ʣûҩô
ЦЦûҩȥںΣգ
ζ֮ǰԤϵģ˶֪¡ôд
Уиҩ٢Ѿҩжβˣĵ֪˭𣿡
һʣ䲻֪ôشˡ
ԼûôΪѵصԼû˵ǲ˵ֵģ
úñǸĵһأô޷ΪЧ͵Ŷһı˰գ
ǣЦЦ֪ôʹݡĽҲ˵˵ԭҲЦЦԸԭ
Ӳ˵Ҳûϵģֵֻ֪ܣЩˣĵΪ⣬Ҳֻʶѡ
˺֪̫ܣ֪˭ȻòҲѹΪѡ˵Ϊ޹ʹС£Ϊش£ҲΪ
лл⣡ġԽԽ˳ˡ
´ЦЦһԼ˵ǺܱܽžǣǺԸ˼ңɾ͵Ӧֶˡ
һ㲻ʽµģЦЦһµʵ٢ǻҪźõÿ㣬߻Щʹ࣡
ᣡȻ˵ˣҲͲˡ
ôأҵıȫǲĲ˵ԼκҲе⣡Ҫһɷңһȥӭݣн
ڸжеѣ޷ƲأҪǴڵǲŻ᲻ᱻŶ
ãһȥӭݣӦ
ǽͶлˣɣɷЦ
ҲȷʵҹˣҪϢˡ
 
 
ֻǰɲĵصԼ𣿡ڱȽϵİȫڼ˰бЩ󣬷Ǻܵˡ 
ǣҪæ˵һҲѾͷˣǼʶˡ 
֪ǵȳȣܲԼݽš¥ϢЦϢôһѾûˣǾͷİɣ 
ǵſڣغţĥһȳһաһһ̾߻ҩϢᡣ 
ǵ·ϣһ·ԣߵ¾ǰ̲ס 
ǲʳŶ 
˼󣬵óĽۣ 
ȻôԻ䣬߲Ǽû 
ԭһ·ڿ⣿ 
ǣڴԳĬӦԣûش⡣ 
ǲ֪ʣ 
¥Ӻйϵ 
ǽ٢ҽеĽۡ 
ôֻţ̧׿˿е췱ǡ 
ǸÿͷӵѾͷȻԺա˸ӣ 





ҽ


峿εǣӭݻ¥
ҽҽǿҪϸˣ
վļҽ
ﻹҪ濼һ𣿹Խˣ˵ܵʦ𷣵ģ٢ĵѵе𾪵ʱδƽ
ǣ֪ڵĲ֮ܣ֮ҲһԵ
ѾͷȻҪ֮ʹ̸֮ǣ
һ˽ȵһѾͷǼֱԼĶ䣡
ŸɶԼľҪʹҲǻͬУⱻ͵ʦƽʱҲԶرܣʾԼ͵˼
ǿɲ۸˼֪ôϡͿѧ˼ҵľ
ǣ˭к棬ȷʵԱ֮ģֻҪԸЩ˵ʩ룬Ѿмˡ
ӦÿɣЦֻн˼֪ôɢҲûʲôµˣԷҲûпѵˣ
Ҳ뻨¥Ϊˣ
˵ˣЩ˿ɶ񣬾ǲӦõ
ԣ˿ô˾ʲôס
οֻβˣܾȵøˣȻҽҵԸˣЩĵλҽЦ
ģΪҵģ˵һ׼ˣҪ̼λҽⶾأԤֹֽжɲһ֮ģ
˵ĴʱȺа֮£ô͵ⷽԤŶԡ뽫¶ϣҪССԣ̻ǣͿֻһ֣У
һɵСİɣǺЦһУΪѾͷؽˣССֳͣӺݴȣǳܼ
ֻ仰ͽ˵÷ǳˣץصͣҲðΪˣ
ǺãͿʼɣȻ˼һСﶼؽ˵͸һȺϵˣҲûҪŤŤˡ
ǣϸǱ֮ȻһЩ֮ʩ룬ʾǿһǽַһָԲ
λҽѾˣ俴ǺַܿЦ
ǱϾ**ˣֻ΢һ㲦ˣȱ鲻˵ַѷɫˡ
ˣµǸм٢ص佲ǻ֪ҽ룬ӻͳһӣݸĳҽһĵãǲ°ɣ
 
 
мؿȴֽӣҽѪɣ˹صĶ 
Ҫ֪٢һҶǽ֢ǱıӦüн֮£ 
ʲôŶֻǼһЩҾ˼ĲѣҪǲգɾƲĳˣ٢˿ԼСӣһ֪֮ˡ 
ɡ仹ԥ 
ֻ֡ѣվİ֮վҪ뿪صԼȥ 
ǸǲҪèҽ˳ֶ۵ģеǱܸɵרҵҽߣбҪ 
Ӿ°ɣҽҪأɱ𹼸һƬ⣡ɳѾͷپܾȥ٢²̨˵ġ 
һ۰ɣ˵ˣϲصҲԹɷɺˣҲÿѧƣҽҾŶ 
ðЦݶʱһͣ 
˵רΪɶѧϰƵģðɲ֪øжǸˣ 
ܵǶ޹ʹƤˣòã 
ΪʲôµһòһƵģ 
ǸøжΪ֮飬ǸĶֵĻɺͲΣ 





֮Ѫ


ллҽ
Це٢ǾдּıӣеȲѧˣϾ˷棬Ƕó
ǰأð书ͣڵײ㣬ЩǲмڸԣЩ书ҪҲ߲ĶȥҲֻЩƤ˶ѣӦ
Ȼ֪ǻ¥ôֱ䣬˽ǲ˵˾ǸƽˣǷδȻɣڽⷽΪ£
ļ죬٢Ǳҽĵжˡ
ʲô취ư
ɢҥжɢɵӶԼεǶ壬Եм
ĵıԣȻԶֹͣˣ㳡˶ٵÿʲôȣ
¥Ҫܲȫ֣廹Ҫάεǵİȫ
εǡǵİȫεǵнʿİȫ˵شҲѵһιԹԸ˰Ĵһսۡ
Ȼʱ٣ÿֻҴҿ͵ûȥ
Ҫķ̫࣬һ氲εǰȫˣһ滹Ҫ븺ս۵ͨʱϵ
ǵá
帺սµģ˲ѪˣҪѪεǵҪɨϳڳǳǽһɽ
˵ηһӸεǵ䲿һӸϳǡ
εǵģڣԴӣңĽݱůȣǵǶذκ縺ĳ١
˵
ȻºͨЦЦˣ
ЩֻƬģǺȫ棬ЦЦͲͬˣ֪ͣԽ侳
ؼοͬĵطͬʱڽУ䲻òЦЦֻûͶˣ̾ÿ֮Լڵķʽ
ЦҶһУȻĸģ
ȥ֣ǽѵһĽܶԱ¼ϧǲҪҲ׽ġ
ô书ˣһԹ֣Ū˼Һҵһ£񲻳Цһ
ʱǶԷһһߵĽҲһŽ߷ɣﰭң۰
 
 
˵Ǹɵ书ϲģڸפأбɸּԱǣҲسѲǣάεǵİȫ 
ԣᶼҪûȤֻܺƵҩ̿٢Ǹҽĵã 
ʵֻǳ֣һл򵥵ö࣡ЦЦʱ˵ 
ЦЦ⻰òǺܶϾһ˽⽭ƣҲֶѣûЦЦǰϸ˽˴¼Ļֻ֪һƤë 
Ƥëܶ໹࿿ЦЦġ 
֪µĵѪ˵İ˺ҰģһȡǶ֮ϧ¶ҪЮɹ˳ 
ǽˣʲô˶С 
ڻսǰϦͻȻϮֲ֪֮ǰ˵ò˲μӵȻҪεǣڵóʹⶾᰭ£ʱֶԸˣŵǰ룬Ԥ 
Ǳߵսû󾫲֮ 
̽鹤úãɵؽѪصһɹǸȫආ֮ԸѪ˵ģͷ·ڤ粻ģȥ书 
ЦЦǰ˵˵εĽսǾʡ 




֮һ


εߵսۣЦЦĽݱůңһչ֣ʵȲҪ¶棬ԿǼܴ֮ܲѪˡ
ôĽֻ֮£ǿʤ֮ģϾÿɶǿľӪ꣬˭ʵսԼʵ
رů֮ǰյвܷŹй޵Ļ᣿
ڴ˴¼̫УǶҪܵӣǼȻҪҲȥ
֪ĺͣΪλս˳ֵ׼֮ȫѵصĸ֣Ѫ˵ľӢǸɣĽݸͷңɳĸ֮ϣҲֻǿƽ֣Ҫƾ֮Ѫˣеˡ
ȷɢҩĻͲˡ
ȱܹúãЦ̲֪Ԥȷ˽ҩȻԴٴвֱж֮δ֮ʱ֪Լ׼ɢѺá
˲սթ֮ˣ˵زʼЦǾϲ⣬ǰ֮ʵԴﵽԽҰģԴ֮ġ
֮п˵ԼҪģҲûĹ
ֻǣۿԼ£Ѫ˵ľӢǸɵ£в֧ļƫƫĽݱ˺֮սҲֻռϷѣȥԼ¡
ֽսĸ꣡
֮Уң׼Ź˵һߴЦڵˡһһƺңػȥ
ĽݱůϽǰȣֻңһ΢ѣңɣһѪڶ˵ز
ֻռϷ磬ֻʣˣ׶༪٣
ǳʤ׷Զʹɱ֣Ľݱ󱳻ȥ
Σ֮ʱԶԶһ䡮ڵ˰ɣֻδͣͼһɫӰԶת˲ǰůĽݱʱϿƷ֮⡣
ôһ˲䲻չʾ˾Ṧһͬʱǳɵ½ͬʱߣݹͣһ
ͬһǰõڵӣ븱ɽ֡ضĴ£ͻɽһսܿͽѿ֧ŵ֮滻ɨҶɨѪˡ
 
 
ʶʵԭ˵񲻿ɵ 
һֱδϴ¥ƽʱҲ൱ºͣΪǵʵҲˣȫĵȼ֧ѣ 
֪˵ز¶ս֮ǿ 
ľӪꡢһֱ԰ѪˣǱԭ˵ĲһȻǵɨ£һյĹҲֲ߽⡢ɢˣ 
ЦЦ˵üɫ裬ĭɣ䵱Ȼýζȫעһ 
ǿżӢ¼ܲ 
ֻǡ 
ʲôɨҶΪʲôǸʱеޣ 
ȿȡѾͷСС͵ĹԱһЩѪȵ£ͱʵǰϸˣЦЦΪѵصֻô˵ɣⳡսУѪȫûֻһˣʮˣ 
ЦЦôһ˵Ƕˣ 





֮


ԭ!
սһǳңֳһѪɺ˰ɣҲǶԸԵʰɣ
ðɣʾͲʰɣ
ЦЦ̸ӥ£˵Ƭǲ棬ξûôѪȣӦҲȥġ
أܿʰɣѪˣأȽϺ³
ȥһҪĵ
ĻĵĶ֣붼صĿµһĿû˻Ķ֡
ȷʵǣֻУȥˣЦЦܼ򵥵ص赭дûϸѪȳ档
ԭǽˣĻֲ֪࣬Ϊ̫Ѫȣ¥ǼҲٸЩֻ˵ˣŹúãúܳס
ΰԭܵ˰֪ң˹Ҷæƺ
ЦЦԵġֻǳ֣һл򵥵öࡱȻɲôԱ٢æ٢ľҽң˵ǡ
ĵľ轣𣿡˼ǲϣͺԼδۼʱ̣˰հ
轣ˣЦЦǴʱ̸Ҳһ
ֻС΢ŵؿ
ȻûҪʱ̣ݴʱеĺڣֻûضˡ
ʱǲǸúƤҪһȥʱôôƽûҪ
˵ҲӦҲ˵
ǵģкҩȥһ
ᰡ
˵һ֣׺ݶģȻôǵһħͷأ
 
 
˵ľ轣ʣЦЦûýζĺ汦䣬澪轣ʵĳ棬ǻ޵ؽ͵ 
Ȼŷ 
սڸڻս֮ǰսУѼʶǵʵóϷԸ֧ǣǰεĻսҲֻѣδʹȫƴҶǵʵҲһֱڲ²С 
Ѫɢ֮£Ҳ˻¥ǳչʾʵƣЩͬ˼ˣҪ¶ˣѪһ붯֮У 
Դױʾͬ⣡ 
ɨҶĻĲҳ棿 
ȡ¥Ϊֵ죬ôӦ 
˲ֶ̡εһˣͳ콭ӦûʱѪȵĽɣʱŪΣţʲôֵһ۵أ 
ϲľڽֺܺг֡ദǢķΧ 
¥ƽ׽ˡºͿݣż͵ˣټĵЭʹﵽΪεľ硣 
̫ҰĵͳߣͻŪͿ̿˲ơģһˣҲͬˡ 





֮


ֻǣȷʵǳźδο뽭ʷսۣڣЦЦϺֳ꣬
ôһ룬ʱЦЦ
ôֻԼȥˣû뵽Ҫһȥƣ壡
ЦЦǽĭɣû㱻ԼĿˮǺ

һȫ书Ѿͷ޷ƣһ籩¶ˣʲô
㣿Ͳ±˼ҷ˱㣿ɱˣ˼Ѫ˵ɢǧ㣬û㵽ѾͷָأЦЦôҪԼⲻǣ
Ǹҩûң٢ҲģҪ˵ĳ˼ȥƻ˼ҵĺ°ɣһۡ
ЦЦ֣Ǽܻȫû˻ʬˣܼʱ׼Ӷʹ
ȿȡ˵ЦЦЩ飡
еΥЦҼѵأˣǸ˼ļƻôССһžˡ
˴򽻵ˣҲеתעķ
֣صؿһɤӣܹػ˵Ѿͷһֱ˸Ƶġ
ǹڸΧģľ飬ЩУû־ЩʲôˣǸойһֱΧѾͷߣѾͷԼȴ
ˣ
ü
˭أ
ССͣӦû˰ɣ
Ӧʢǻſڻ¥˯ŵкʱڷԼݵżľȻߣһʱڼôһͰ¸ˡ
ЦЦ˵ôʱû
룬ӦþߣЦЦ˵ġˡӦþǲŶԣ
ô˵ĸ֪ˣ
Ҳ˵뿪ˣ
û빬飬˵ЩûʵɣΪЩɣеأ
ðɣأҲƵòˣ
ĿеżأҲǽʶˣӦҪε԰󣬻ҩһ뵽ЩѾˣ
Ըˣ
 
 
뵽ģһ£壬˭أԼҽܣܣ 
ǾԲ˵ʲôɲԸ֮֡ķϻģ͸ЦЦһѡ⣡ 
ЦЦˡֲܸˣʲô˵ģ֪˭ĽԼƫģжϻʧʶѡ 
ô˵廹ߣ˼ҽܣҰ֪ܰЦЦԸ֪ĵжϣŤĳɡ 
Ϊ£޹ʹĵ¶ɡ 
ֲЦЦţ˵齲£֪Ҳ޷ģ͸¶ȥġ 
СҽأģҽܣҽܣЦЦϽѾͷоҽȥ̽һ»սˣ⼸æҪɢϹͷˣġ 
˵꣬ŵĨͣˣ 
ҪҽܣҲУͿˣ 
ЦЦȻֽŵĨͣûӰˣ 
ߵķΪʲôǺЦˣ 
һֻϺ껹Ҫƻ 
ЦЦ˵ս 
ûƹս 
ôƻս֣ͻعԼ˰ɣ 





սʼ


Ĺ㳡ģ֮ˡ
İƽҩͥУûôù
ǻսֵģЩ˶սܵˣ
ڽʿ֮˲̫أ˻жˣ֮ٿ˵٢ҽĵãǰǵӦ֣
ɢж¼ԼѪ˵ս۵ԵʣˣԻս˳ſʼøʱ䡣
ʵ֮ǰھĵıԣҶԱ˴˵ʵȻأѾã֧Ϊµһ
սأôҪеġ
߹ҪһҼһԼʵһҲһé®ĺСǣߺдĻᣬǳʶ棡
֮ǣһֱΪսҲǰľһ㣬ھУ֪ô£
սȻǽУ
Ǹؿһأᵽǰ䳡ǻɳ֮ս
Ҳ˵ҪΪµһҪж֣ҪսҪһЭսս
˸𹥳ǵǸ⣬ɵĳϵȣҲ䳡ս
ڴҵĿҪǶӵܣԣȻսǼҵģԱǶģȺǼܵģпսеˮˮģ
ˮʲô̶أ
ˮ˵ֻ˼λ䳡Ӧսĳżս¥ֳֻսĸɴͱչȥˣû
뿴ɺͿɽׯذμ幥ǣȻֻèСɫҪμӣˮʲô
ս磬һɣϼĺͷģȻǲĴܶ顣ڲ룬˭ģֽҵҲΪܣܽܣӽֵģǻսṇ̀ȫڲ񰡣
ҪŻսˣ¥ֻÿ䣬ɰʱпգҽθʿʱæ֡
ƽҩǰǴҲĵľۻ֮
Ǳչصģÿ綼ճҩǰͣһܿͻ뿪ǰʱ̫࣬ԤڻսǰϦɵ»ھأ񶼻ûϡ
ڲѪһսУ¶ʵڴɢ¼УǿӲ飬Ҳչʾ˻¥ºһ棬ôףȻưԣҲǺ֮
ԣʱɢⷢĲٵĻսˣѵõؽ½¥Լıչ
ÿҩǰĶͣڼ䣬ҪҪд裬ǻԥشӦȻ
 
 
ʲô취ǸֵСѾͷƬӣǻἤĵ׷ܣһ㲻ΣգЦõͬʱ±ȣ 
һȫ˵ûûεɵѾͷ 
Ųǣͺһ϶ƫƫֻƣֻô 
Ϊʲôô񣬶ôѾͷģҪջأȴܵˣ 
ÿôҲѾͷ⣬ʵǿƵúܣһеԶ裬·ף 
һ֮ǰĸܣ͸˼ԼҲǿ֮ˣҲĽٿأ 
ƫƫʱ޷ƿСѾͷ֮У 
ԣΣΣ 
ÿĽżģ䵱Ȼˣ 
ܼʶĸɾ֣Ǿ͸ˣǣȻġ˳ڣǶĴӵĽǶȣ 
ɻҼһɻţɻɵɵɵЦһȺŮ׷ܣ 
ÿǰֵǺܶ˾ˣ 
û취˷ˣ 





Ϸ


ҲССաܵǣս˰ʿ⣬ް˸Ͳ׼ǣ
ˣҪô֣
ֻ࣡
ҪҲֻǿЩ˷ܲѵĸɲбܽ˵ԼڻսôӢµعնôٵظˣ
ʱ磬ƵĲˣ綼òˣĸŮҩǰϷ
뿴սǣᣬǿ취ɣһ꣬ذμǸꡣ
˭֪Ͱ֣֡޷ǿһֱڴĻս֣жź˵Ҳ˽ġ
޼룡ҲһüŰ취
ϧǰѾȥˣҾ͵͵ӽȥͷһˮεŮڵص
⻰۾һòãӾͼǰһȥǣȥ˵ֻǿ֣ǰģæģ
뵽ͿɽׯԴ˽ǣ
ð䵱ȻӦˣֻҪܽǿս֣СͿҲûʲôġ
ʲô취ʶģҪô඼ҪֵСëͷҪôġ¥֣
Ʒ֣ǲôСôĵȥ鷳ǵģȺСһأæûͣ
ЦЦǲˣս̫شʵֵʱȻ㹦ûӰˣ
ңֵôգҲû˵ϰߣҪˣˣ
˵ͶڴʱذκԱߣһڽģȥذκ˴£
ذκһ۲ԶһıСѾͷ֪ȷʵһֵѾͷѣҲ͵ͷӦˣ䣬ʱֻŶ鿴ǣ̫ǰ˿ɾͲˡ
Ὺĵؽ¸䣬ΪĲѣʼϷ
򵥵ģκԽģȥϷ
ֻǣջǣ⼸ŮˣƫҪң㶼δ꣬Ѿ֪˺öಽˣû밢һĬ
Ϸ˴û뷨ɻ֪ôģҲܲ²⵽뷨
һǰһ󣬱˴ֻúġģϵ÷ǳ죬ʱϰ죬Ҳۡ
⼸ɵСӣֱˡ
ǵϷûйϷĹɿѭɣ
ôҲһ˲ʱˣɾͼǰˣǵĹɣҲϹһԼͼֶѡ
ãôôñŤ
Ƶû粻棬ưϷ⼸ɵС棬øϷơϷɣ
ӣôˣƵ̾ĵɹеů
һͼѾͷһƣǰֿˮڳһұĵļ꣬СǿЦõĳ顣
ðЦͬʱ̲סͷοͬһ
ɷɣ̧֪ʱߵ꣬Ǿϲӣû뵽
ģʱɵʵ̫࣬ÿֻܳʱ͵ߣûʱ
صسʱúġ
ûУһɣͽǼɵСеıƣ׵ȥˣȻǰһ
ɵ꣬ȻбһȻͣµ
Žô˿ʼֲԽϷ
üЦ
 
 
Ŷ 
ȺɵС棬ǵû죬ᱻƫƫǼԻ棬ˣ 
ǣ˴ĺãó飬˵ʲôĻ 
Ц绨õ˶ҲЦˣ 
ҪĶȥۼ֮һϰţһ̲סʵ 
Ϊûһ;ת䣬һֱտľȥ 
ôؽҪСǼǵģǼɵСӣԼòֺҲûϣֻʣˡ 
û˵ĵطȥǶ̫ˣɴЦǰһ 
Ŷ䵱ȻǽҲǺЦˣһΪҪȥҪһֱȥأ 
 
Ҳó 
ԶأεǵһӶûҲֻʶǧ˶Żпյ뵽 
ҲҪôԶأȡЦ 
ǲˣӦʢһضѣûڵҪȥǡʢ 
ֻǽʱÿҴææģôأߴһĴڣ˶ѡ 
ֻҪţôԶģЦ֪Ķš 
⻰һᣡ 
֪˵ģΪ仰Ķ 
֪ϲģǣ֣ӵ뻳 








ǿİĽݵܵܣ
¥ûֵܽãֵ֪ܼĸ飬룬ֵܣӦҲĵĸֿ
ϲĲģǱˣôȡ̷ʽֻߣĬĬﰮôһ־ʽ
ҲţǴҲһľĵĸǶôǿֳʱľͻ᲻ԾȥԼǿơ
Ȼɰ֮ʱСӻ᲻سû۸ˣ
ԲںǷԻ壬ҲԲںݰǷõرںమǷнǣںģ
ԣͣ
ͣҲͣѯΪʲô᲻ˡ
ůһЦʼ
ߣѾúܿˣ
ȥɻûиһȺֵûôҲΡô徲徲أ
ǣصǳɳģôˣ
ҪæƲ컹ı棬ԵֲǺܺãӦǸϵġ˼ˣʳԵʲô
û뵽任ô죬˵ۣôһӾͱʳˡ
ͷɣ
ǣЦŴ
һѾͷÿֻͷܲ˵ġ
ֻĺѣֲ˭ⷽչΪжమ׽ǲٰܻ˭ˣǡΣ
ﵱΣҲֳܱ
ѾͷǳԸ⽫Լ˭ԽΪԼΡ
㣬ͷǳס
ֻǣȴ̫ؽŵҳԵİӣ
ԣ
ǰͷж
ûɣйصѾͷ׸ƴԼ
ʵͷҲͦģֻԼʲô⣬Ȼ㽫ˣ
Ų˷ôʱ;ڳ棬ر㿴սͻعˣǾûҪȥԵˣҪ⣬͵ȹһȺ˰⡢İɡ
ڰԱͷһ㣡ĴЦ
졭ģ
ʱ۾ؿǰ꣬ɵɵû뵽ʱģǾϲ
氡ĺЦɵ˶Ц
ʱãǵؿĵЦĵ棬ֱõܣ᲻ԾظݸһЦ
 
 
ǰӦǼİɣԲŻҪȱʱ⣬ץʱ档 
ÿʱһѾͷϧޱȣ 
̾˿͵ԼûƼľͻеɵģĵˣ 
ˣѾҵоˣɢɢģ׼ȥЦ 
ȻˣҲȴֻһȺİƽҩǰۻƵģǰֵѾͷ׼سǣȴͷӵǰк 
ҪҰæ˵ٴ˵˵ĻȻ**ͬṩο˹ 
ãԼЦ 
ǾͳиоȥɹأȻˣɾͶĵ 
ϣϣȻСӽһףԣӦ£ϣ»ھصˡ 
֪ðߣûЦСӵ˼Ǽ棡 
桱һ˵꣬ŵطһţһ򰢷ȥʲô취ֻҪһÿģһš 
𣡡 
ˮһγѣ 
ĵĶ죬类һ߷Զȥˡ 
 
һ˺ͱߵ˶⣬һʱסˣ 




Ϊ


ģԺ߷ɷɣ
ǲؿ͵ĵһʱ˽ţ˷
⻰Ĳ⣡
Ǵǿ𣿶û¥ɰʱú۸һƽʱĵû᣿Ҳֻʱ򣬻¥ֻ۸ƽʱڱ¥ѹأ
Ľüеаȸʤڵһֻ͡ӲͷƤŵұһֱΪû
һֱΪһ֮£ֻܵƤˣûԵʡȻĲǰˣȻ֪ɾǻ¥ôԲǲһţ
֪ô˵뷨Ҳ֪Լܲ˵
Ͼ֪ɾǻ¥£뻨¥˵ܣ֪ò֪֪ɵܣ
ʲôļͣٲ˵ʵ
ôû
߷ɻ¥
ÿλߵʹ죬Ҳˬˣų˻¥ûܳ߳һţ
֪ɾǻ¥
֪ᵣĻ¥ᱻˣ
֪ǰôûַӦ
ڵİ
һʺŻʱһܵĸӸ飡
˵ģֻô˵
ã죬˹ϵصȥʲôԭ
ɵˣ˵ʲô
˵ãģ߰ˣЦֻҪĻԸҪ۸¥Ȥ
֪ղǸ򶨴ݵ߰ɵ˶Ķȥˣôһɵģ
ֻǣɵ˶֪ҪµһĻ¥ɲô׵°
ллģı֤߰ɣмɵЦߣ꣡
ָ
õģҲãҲЦŸ𣬻ȥˡ
һûĿżȥıӰתȥѴӵİɡ
һǰɵָ֣ڰɵϣϸ鿴
ôˣӣǰ˶һĵɫɺǲʵ
ֲǵһαˣϰΪ
ΪʲôͻȻ㵣ģ
أҲǺܶɷԼ˹ûˣеصǿʲôϾ书ǽУ浣Ļ߻
 
 
û£ӣɰοʼˣ㾿ôˣ 
˵䲻ĻǰǶÿĵ 
ôˣô 
ðɽü΢Ϊ˼⡣ 
ǰǲ֪ɷɾǡ 
ؽ͵һ˶ӣֻ˵һ룬ͣ٣Űɶδ˵˼ȻŽŵΪûþȻ֪㣬϶᲻ģ书ǰߣױ˵ģ 
Ŀµһְ¥ģͲܶˣĽߣ 
Դ֪ɾǻ¥ż£˵ģ̫֮࣬һģͱˣӦҲٶۣǻ˵¡ 
֪ݺ밢µһ棬ղһľɵģְ¸øɸɾȻѹֹˡ 
ң𾪡ϴ˱䣬ж𾪣 
ͷ 
ģ֪ȵģֻ˰ο 
ΪˣѾͷȽϴ˵ǱµһˡǷǳߴģ 
Ǹ̫ˣһûպãô죿һƲ׼ǰǷˣֵҵǣĲˣ 
׷Ŀô֣̫ײģǰ컹ذκ˽ҪһȡǿԵģ 
ײ鿴ƵûһɲǵĿ̹飡 








ݵǣҡ
һŬӵ뻳ĳ嶯ȺԼƽ͡
ȥֻʣһƬ֮ɫʹǰСͷ­֤Ҳ£
书޷ֻҪԼԸ⣬ǲ˵ģ֮ǰЩСˣҲΪ˷簢ɵֶѣԣֻ˶֤
ССĵĨƲϵ࣬洵ǰᣬ·´˻Ū
ʲôǶŹֵ˶ֻЩơ
۰ɣ̧ʵϴλû࣬ĵʹ
ϴΣüʱܹˣô֪
ǴӦʢ߻ѽΪԴ
ǰûܹˣǸ˼ſĻһϣǲµģǲ֪۵ζ
ԴǴδӦʢ߻󣬲֪ʹʱ䳤ˣҲʹĥ˵ȫ־˾þʶģͲ˵־Ϊתơ
ң¶һ࣬Цڲ²⣬ȥϸ֮࣬ץסˣҾǰ̣ᵱͽģ
˵Ļʹ˼ʹԼóĽۣ
˵ǴΰǸ޲ڵǱ˶̲ס΢Ц㲻ᵱͽģǴѾֵ÷ǳ¸Ҽǿˣ
ⱦ˶Ǵûܹˣ֪ʹҲк֣ܶİο
˶˵ʹʹǴεʹɲͬǴα˵㣬һ׳Ҳܲˣ;ҸطЪһЪЪߵģ
иɵ˶Ϊ˿Ľżģ֪Ҫҹϻֱ˵ǳյÿɰ̾
ȥҩ̲ҩ˵Ųʹҩȥ
ֻǲߵҩǰͼɽ˺ò֣ȺΧţ֪ʲôƵ𾢶ʱȲ
ʲôˣһƵˡ
ٳůأͷҲûصصš
٣ɾ֡ٲڻսڼһ㲻йô첻˱Եˣ
˵칥ʱдò񫣬ղ̳·ůץסҪټԵģһ˽Ž͵֪һ֮ˡ
֪ĳǿֵľˣ
ȥȥҩ
ãҲͬʱ˷ܵض԰ɵһûأȥҩ
 
 
ȻЦˡ 
ǲıϣǻʲô˵ģ 
ŰɾȺȥܿؼȺǰأ 
Ǿʰ 
ֵһ 
ů൱˭κ˭ҪЩڽг־սأ 
һֳ־ս˵ָ֣ᡢ޼ֵѪƴҲһƵģ˿˸߲ҡ 
ң߶ҵΪǼ͡ź 
ůߵȺͷӲ˵ˣԻֵ֧ģ֮⣬ǰĽ¼ҽõĽǣŹڵĴû᣿Ҳڼҵġģ 
ǱҲ 
ذĽݸĹǡĽġ¥Ĵ˶ԶվߣȫҪΪһľˣ 
ĿģңվǶ棬ûһλٸһױСŮҲΪټ͡ 
ǡߵİɡ 








ɩҶҶǵŮ
ɵܵ
ƯСޣ˵ҶҶɩӡ俴ԶǶĸŮԵ޵˶ǵϲȻóۣ
Ҹ
СĿɰͲ˵ˣཱུСֶҪʹ˵ɣ۵Сɤڴͣ˼˺޲ñ棡
ٸҴЦݣսķǳԷ˾ʮֿ׿ɰ
ǶĸŮֻгս٣
俴üЦһоʵġѽѷֵĲһǶҸĸŮǾĿ
件ϲģݸȷʵԣǷǳҸģǸżе۵ӡĳЩǳ
ֵʲô̲סʵ⣬λǽһľ֣٣ҲԻ˵ı죡
Ŷݼ֮ɸⷽ棬ٿ˵һˣεǣ֮ô겻κһ޷ٹû
ҲսʱڣΪ˷½ʿǰǻʱεܵͣͨҵεǡ
ƽʱһ㽭ʿȻ˴ഫһǳ֮һǵĵӽܽεǡ
䷨ͨˣ˵ţҲεǵڣֻεȦӣô׾ʹ
ΪʲôΪ÷룬Ҳֻ˵εǵڣȴûмʶԭ
ǵײҵεǣҲʱڣ
Ŷݼףһ
Źܾ̫ˣǴ˲ģԴģʱ俴ٵ˳ݣ
Ϊԭ򣬵ѪʱŻٸȥѪ˵ϳɣһҲڽŪʲô󷨣ǾͰѼ򵥵£ˡ
ϧʱֻĵӢ¼ͻЦЦǶ֪ġ
ſüˣ
ΪһɹζʱƮ˹ʹࡢܡ
תͷһԭվһλְֵ̫ߣ̫ɢһɹֵֹ֪ζѬܵ뷴θ
֮ǰ̫Ͷ롢̫רģûз⣬ųг־սƣʱһãŸоˡ
 
 
ƫƫ㼷޷ط 
Ҫ뿪˾ʵ֣ǲġǣѡĵزۼڱǣůٵıԣˡ 
ôˣߵİɣʵѾͷģôͻȻ⸱Уֱֻͣغûģ֮ 
һ˵۾һ 
ôˣһȻأ 
һ£Ц 
ȻڰȻĿУСǰ˺üڰǺŵĵζھˣ 
ɿŻСͷ­֪ڸʲô 
ǷɷϵζŰ̧ͷһ㲻̾ 
˵ĿɨһԱߵλ̫ţϸһ£һɺζޣ΢պЦѾͷͶͱԭ 
һòı飬֪˶˿ûǶŮ˽Уɸÿˡ 
˽Ե֪ôҲ⾫ʵֵģǰźۼػ࣬˻˸λá 





ҹߣһ


ҹߣһ
ҪͿɽׯ˽ǿսս֮Ӧе־㿴ˣǸ뿪ʱˣ
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôܾеĲУ
ǲɣ
Ͼĵضȹ˺üµأ
ҹˣȴȻε԰ĺͤᵯ
ξԶ
ֻǣٺãϾļҡ
ֻһ͡һβ
ֻǣ֪ʱѶһڣ̤ɫ˺ͤ
ϲؿˣЦֿʼɵˣ
ǰ꣬ĽĻ˭
Ļû˯еŵЦ޷ֹסԼģ
ǣĴ仰ʰɣΪôˣϢˣû뵽Ȼһͤ
ȻˬشӦ߰ɣķľþ޷ƽԲҹϢ֮ʱɢġֻǣ֪䣬йһ֮Լĵط
ҵ࣬òãЦȫҪɽŵԼЦġֺˣ
ã
ĻشЦˣЦģ
ΪԼĽżһεȵҫ
ԣԵؿһֱĽżԼ뿪еģزҡ
ΪŶ빬ֺͿĵĵطŶȹڡȴҲʵһʱ⣡
ԶˣҲԶУʱ⣡ǰ׷ǰ꣬ǰֻΪ࿴һۣȫ˶ĵزˣ
û֪˭ҲȻӦΧҲὫôΣԭԭػ㱨ĸֳǣ򰡣ɾǶʼȥˣ
øĸֳ֪һ棬ǻʲôıأ
һ뵽⣬Цøˣ
ԸҲܼǵͺã
ǵиΪտ
ֻǰȴҪģΪһѡ
ľţЦеɵ˶ҲЦˣֻԼЦӦҲеɵɣ
һƬ˵籡ɴ̣ƮǵҹƮɢ⾲ҹķþǻ
ҲƮԶһ£һ°Ӷճյţ绯˵Цȴŵġˡ
ҹʱ䳣еһߣȴԼ˾ҹﴫܵᣬȴˣ·ŲᣬҲ·㣬һʱľ
ԣѭֻǵҹ£ǵŮʱһӶסˣе˸Ũˣ
Զţ
⶯˵վ
ԶؼΪһɫĺгȻ뿪ˣ
ǰǸ뿪ʱˣ
ﲻһֱһ죬Ҳڵһĵô
 
 
ȻҲʱйһذվζʱ̣жʹжôĲᣡ 
һˣһͷҪõõҲǰΨһ 
ʱҲһְ 
񣬾Ǹֵʱˣ 
ֻҪô˶һ㹻ˣ 
ĵ뿪ε԰ص¥֣ûоκˣںͤˡε԰ĻǣѲҹˣ 
ʹֻԼ֪ɣ 
ӻóһֱߵĵɫ˿˿õģˣ͵͵սǰ漴Цˣ˿ȾĻ㣡 
˿طŽ˹ײ㣬֮һ㡪 
ǷǳĲʵˣ 
ֻİţ 
ڶԷģģǵѡ 
һ㣬Ȼδľʹ¶ͨӦ֮ĹʶĬҪѡһôѡ˭һԻĬĬ˿ 
ã 
ˣҲʲôȥһǹֵ꣬ǲԸΪѣ 
ȻΪôֻΪԼˣ 
վڴǰңԶķͻȻ֮䣬úܹµһؼֻʣһ¼ҹ˰Ĺµį 
ԭһ˲µ˼һʱµ 
ôµζˡ 




ҹߣ


ε԰ͤСͺ͸ˣ˫֣еŵ÷
Ϊм
ڳԼӦǲ֪ģΪģֲʲôӣԼдģҲ֪Ŷԣ
û취ģǻšǻᷴӦٶ
͵һǾŵĿ꣬ҲӦûеĴŶԣ
ңң
˶ˣҪȴ߰㣬Ǻһ£
׺Цˣ
ǺЦ˶ֻóǳˣ
޷ȥƽݣҲرˣͲȥûнǣǷ֪ģںˣ
ΪѼƽϲôˣ
ôôȰԼģںܾǰѾΪˣ޷ֹҲ޷ջأ
ȻˣǾһԵɣ
ʶԵǽ٣޷ͷҲԸͷˣ
е㲻ãɱ⣡һˣ仹Цʵ̹׵
ͦõģҲǺܶźҺϲҲ̹׵Һܶģﲹš
ĲǺܶЩǣ;ĵ࣬һʹ˳һУⵯ˶·ѲˣĵϣҲɣ
ģϲ̫ˣĵĻЦ۶гһ죬һܵż˵ֻۣǿҲİ
Сϵȶȣ
ŵΪ²˵䳡һ£
죬Ҫȥǿսһûսأһֱȥ
ôȥϸ˵ˣ˵ľ顢ˡǿǺ׳˵ӣźҪģԼС·
ã뿴ȥɣĵ죬ذκĺͿɽׯô֪־յҪȥսһ㲻⡣
ЦӦܵżµ󣬺컹лȥ½һǡսľε֮УǺԲˣ
ԣ㣬Ļ俪֮ǰ͵ĲˣƮƮȻ£ˣ
ʿɶֹʿɶֹ
Ҫüþգ֮
ľǸ˾ᷳˣ
ԣǳĵ𣺡һȥˣףϣ
԰գĻֵѿʼ̤ͤȥˡ
 
 
ΣҲֻüô˵ȻĿ̤ſֵĲڽɫ 
ǿġˣʣҹ£ǿЦã 
ѾͷǰҪֵô 
˳·͵Ҫ󣬶 
ҲĻᣬǰԼ˵ĵˮ© 
ңôоĶƵģ´鷳ճ 
ļȲ²˼Ҳղ뷨 
ÿεֱ棬úΣһжڲٿأףֻܱؽֱ 
ķûʧģôڼ֮񷴶Ǿ޷ƽЩˣ 
֪ﲻԣǣ֪˵ֹϵܲԾ 
֪ԣĽ 
˵ʵԸ¥һĴô㣬ô׽Ҫ򵥵öࣻĶĽĽⶫ̫ˣ˵ıŤ͹죡 
濴һԲ£˺üɶ޷ƽϢҵ 
Ѿͷ˼˭ܲµ˭ܰ˭ݣ 
ӽҹעҪߵˣ 





꣨һ


ڶ죮
ǰʱ֣
̫ԽԽбԽԽ䣬ʲôô᲻𾢶еŻĹ˵ķǣ
ƽҩǰɻе࣬ʿΪͿɽׯĹǣ⡢취
ذκȻǺЦЩ飬ԼĹǲͶ˵ģǿܣ˵ģ
ǲӮֻƯʣ
Ҷ֪޷ӮǵģѾ˼ؿس˵ʵˮƽԱ֤ÿǵİܽ䳡ľ
ᡢ޼Ǽ޷廰£ѡĵ档
밢ϷεеģΪ⼸Ů棬һЩԴһ꣬ҲʼıϷ
ǽṦۺУϰṦ˴˼Ṧķˣ
ӣסҪȥŶôеûɡĲɵģ˵ȤĻ⡣
һȻЦˣʵ
ĵȥ𣿡
ĵʲôĵŶĻ㶵ͷԡ
ĵӰԼҵĶˣһۡᣬ˲ҪıذˣȻôҪ£
˵ôܲȥЦˣǿѵһεĶᣬǵһۣȸߵͣҪμأ
˵ʵе㵣ģԼǴС㣬ʱ᲻ʱڣǵǣҲûа
û˼ĺͻ¥ˮģ
Ҫ໨ж໨գ
ŶӦ˵ã·ǺͿɽׯ˼൱Ƶģһۡһϸأ
Ϳɽׯˣϵ£֪Ķţ
ذκС꣬ôҸоããֱǱã

ﰵԲ²⣬Ҫĵˣʲôأ
ǻ˭䳡Ӧսأ
ǲģ֪ģһֻȥչȥˡ
۹ӦǱȲذκģֲò˱Ŷݼ֮ǿɣ
¥һ㲻׳ֵģôãҲͿһԻ¥ݳȻ԰ɵݱ۸Ĵ޷ˣ
ҲȻǲԸģˣ
˵¥Ȼһ춼ûˣʧƵģǵĵ˵ǵģ
 
 
ʶһû߻Σöе㲻Ӧˣ 
Ϊʲôԭ 
ǵģ 
뿴һ㼸µβͣͻȻˣǻе㲻Ӧľˣ 
Ӧ°ɣһ˹ǣҪ׼ˣҪȥǣʱԼ 
ԼȵԭҲͷſ棡 
ֻǣ⼸ɵСһұģΣֱҪ⡰Ϸִˡ 
ǸǰɰˣĻ¥ֻиĬʮ㣬Ųģ 
ӣôˣǸֻǵǼŮǺϲϷҪ˵ĻϷɾʼģҶˣôֻǵſ 
棿Ҫô棿ԣֻй 
ΪһĻ书ãǰεβ˵ˣѣΣһеģ 
ôǵһƬģһǰ˷̸ܵ칥˵ذתƻ˵ذιҪˣôŶ 
ذ̸ǰ˸߲ҡɷӦûǵ۰ɣ 
ںЦЩԣСϸЦ˻ 





꣨


ذô죿
ῴЦòá龫ֵСҲõ
ʲôô죿˾£᲻Ǹ⡣
ǿذιǰ㿪ģȫû뵽˵ĿƵģֻ˵ˣ
ỹףûϧġٲÿ쿴ԼҵĵˣҲ;νĹɫ㣬ӲҰûʲô
Ҷ׼ҪأǺ£οһεĴս£˵ˣ٢ǻæҽεģ⣬ǻСҽ𣿡᲻Ϊص
ǴС㿪ģΪսʣΪ˼һ¥ǰΣòã
˵֪˶·أڶԥҪʲô
ǿǻսֲǲμʲôʢ磡
Ů˰鷳
һ뵽Լǽߡֵ𡪡ºͿ׵Ļ¥ЩأοǼǻˡ
˵ﻹ˷̸ܵ۵İذκģ
ôǼȫհذκǶۣڴս֮εǲˣ˵Ҫгסεǵľ׼ǲľݣ
ҪذκǵŮǶǸԸģ
Ǽҳ󲻿ﰡ
ﰵЦǻ˹أȴ֪ҲڵģҵЩҲ˹ذ
ЩỹֻܰԵģ˵˷ΪһСˣ
˵ˣеǮһҩʲô׼׵ϵףеıҪȱİɵĺãɲ˵ٵģ˵ؽ
ʱ㻹ֳҽΣǺǣ
ûұҩأȥֵģǲˣ
⡪£
ô˵ҲԤˣ׼ˣʱ˶죬𶼽ɶԷ۸ɾͲˡ
Խа㱳ǵģǵЩ˲ṥģὨ
ʱǳû۸ô죿ϷԣҲŲаɱأһǴӮЩǵĸ֣۸Ҳ˵
ֲûʶЩС۸ɣǾ
ûƷ𣿡᲻мص
˵¹ذɣһ㲻ǣ˵£
¥ÿλսҪڱ䳡ս°ɵҲǳڶԴҵأԽ˵ôش¼µһǵϴ󲻳֣ýúʧģǶġ
˵ˣҲø˵Լ춼ûŰɣôҩ䣬п
һÿģ˸߰ԼҪȥǿս֮£ҲûᣬһҲֻе쿴ˣ
֪Уɫѿʼ
ҲŸԵİڻȥˣ㳡ɢ
 
 
ȴûйҩ̵ţÿ߳ɢûȥ 
ɫھνҩŹϣ쾮Ⱥ貵ҹշóԼʹװɽ첻ٳˣȴһֱе 
ӣǸûҲಽظİɣȷʵǲˡ 
Ȼɣ 
Ҳ˵һѵͲ֪ûҲе㵣ĵ 
ԼʵĻ񻹲һ㵣ģֵģҪս˷ܼ 
ɻʲôأ 
뿴ǶԸѪˡɢж¼֮ʱæһģ֮ǰЩսҲÿҩ̴һˣٴæҲո档 
λʲô£Ȼ֨һͲӰ 
ѲΪһ˶Ҫǣ˼ƶǺǶԲߣ 
ʲôΪѵģ治ͿԽˣ 
˵ˣ¶ 
ôô 
ΪѣǷǳĲ壡ѲΪδȥ򣬶ȥӦʢǣһأξҪһ֣ 
Ǵû˵ʱǼҴһǣҪߣǻ˵ģһһȥģ 
ڲ²ŰûֵĸֿԣܰοԼǣͿԼˣ 
Ļսڴ˺ܾõİ 





ۿսһ


ֻȥ֣Ȼʱ˺ͿɽׯҪĻҲֻͿɽׯɢıٱԱ
ԣս֮ǰͿɽׯ֮ʱûвμӣԼҩǰ棬ʱ䵽˾ֱȥǡ
㳡Ͼ˸֮ˣҲɳ·̽ӣ̽Ϳɽׯǵ¾飬ŵ˼ʱսʿҲڼҵطŻֵĸֿ
ֻǣ侪ϲǣʱࡢ׼ܵʱľȻڹ㳡ϡ
ʱ䲻Ǹûڻս֮ʱֹʱһڱչص𣿲һֻһ
ϲͬʱͷʺţĵĲ⣬ֲùʣ
ϧòʱ򣬴ʱҪȥƻսˣǺòײȡĻᣬܴģ
ĵܵǰصģ׼ȥսˣ
ţ߰ɣĺЦ˵Ҫƻս֣ʱȥۿսģȻΪʲôصػ»ؼҪͷʱ䣬ܳʲô
ټˣȥˣ˵꣬ӻ֣תȥ
ΣٺõĶûãȫĿɿڴ
ֱСӰʧԶŻع
ξȻֱ顢⣿
Ϊ˵Ҫȥǿ֣ȻҪȥ˼ԣصشӱչطרȥǵģ
ԭֻǸһȥǿ֣ѹûҪȥ
ûü˵⣬ԹܵûӰ
Ͽ׷ܣ֣ʵôΧתûϲ˵Ϊʲôһֱǧ֮ıо
ָоģֱ³
ôѾͷΣ߲˵߽ˣ
һһһ㲻˼ĸܣ˵˵ܿܿĺȡԶѲ̬ȣҲھúˣе㰵ģξȥˣ
ûҪȥû
Ҳģ
¶ƿأ
ıһǿ֮ˣ˵ûۣƫƫһһγ֮УΣӲ
ǣѡͺڹ㳡ȣ
ֻǣղŷ·𿴼кͿɽׯı־ѵԺͿɽׯӵȥǺˣ
 
 
磬иӣ̾˿ԼĻ˵ҪӲĳ 
ûгԹζԭһˣȻ˵Ŀɬ˵Σ 
ǣӦֻɻСĵ³֣Ҫһ̫ܵѾͷû澡˵Ļ㲻ʧܣ 
֣ĻеԾڵؼʱų֣ 
ˣôԼѾͷĸ˰бһ⣬òˣɨˣ 
ƫƫݿģѾͷ˵ģ 
ѾͷѵĿʼǰ֪Ƿעծģ 
翴ĳģĵ˼ 
ؼʱ 
Ҳ˵С˿ԲܣѾͷˣ 
ڰβǰȥˣ 
ҲĲǹۿսȴֵسھ㳡þۼڹ㳡źͿɽׯսսڽʿ⡢ϲȫӿǰͷʱһӸǹ˺ͿɽׯĻս 
˵ܿǰͿɽׯ׼׵Ħȭơ˷Īȫ鼤صŻսʼˡ 
ֳ˷ΧȾҲʼˡ 





ۿս


¥۾̨ϣ¥ɳӸµսȺͿɽׯ˹أǰǲŻ¥䳡ۿ
죬ȷʵģɳӦս
Ǽλȵ䳡ָӣһЭ
۾̨ϣ¥ȻɣЦů紺ºɳϽ̸ţʵδȥעս
Ǵ绯˵Ц£ģĲɣ
һղ
ζڳˣ
㲻ӳʵˣ
ĿЦ
ʶһûȥ䣬ԼԼҪġһ֪ϲ˭͵Ȼ˳šΪѣ
һˣԵ֮룬Ҳǳȫȫ룬ô
ϰÿϰÿľǶ꣡
εǻãƫƫڣ֪ϵǸ˶ͽߣƫƫּܼ尾ȷʵеѰǣ
ϰ˾ͻõģ
ˣԺ󻹵ϰߵ¼棬Ҳƽɣ
ŴʱڰصԼľ
Ϳɽׯѹ˵һأǸ𱨸սĵӣǰ¥㱨
ã֪ˣ̽¥º͵Ц
ֻһǸ𹥳ǵĶ飬ڶؿڽֿʼӶĲɡ
ǻ¥ڶ֮˵ڵصеһ֣
¡ʱӶĲɵͬʱһ˸̸ܶԴܿ״̬ǣò֪ˣ
սǲĵģһǵӦսɣοһԴⶼѡ
ڸɵʵ俴ôָ֣ˣòٶƣ
˵˵ԲԵĻŸɼ˷ܵİϹۿս
ң˵ӺͿɽׯ죬׼ó֣ʵϴνܴ󣡡
¥ҲܺЦͣ꣬ذκǺܷЩĵģ˵ǺͿɽׯӵܵװҪϴθã
ĽݱĽؿذ֣ذʱ¥ȻĽݱһۣ˼Ľݱһ죬ͷﻹһͷԭĽݱϲذˣǲǽнһ׮ϲˣ
ֿһǰѵĿ׼ȷͿͿɽׯУǴû֦չذڸ˼ذ书ʽ
 
 
ֻǿͿûľˣ 
ֻǲ֪ˣŲĲɵͻһְˣ 
֪ģ˵ĺҹӣǾԴУӶе״¥Ҫ濴ˣĻס 
ĺʵڿȥˣĺźۼڻ¥ֻѵӣ㿴ǹǶ 
ĺȻδʽ¥ԵʣϤѾͷ֪¥̫Ҳ͸ʮ 
ĺĻ¥ҪģȻ֪ĺʲô򹥳Ƕ￴ȥ 
һ֮£޲գʱôһ˿𶯣һӱǷ𺳣 
ǸȺﶫأʱ߿С˶˭ 
˶ǰ֣֡Ҫƻսô˵һĴǺúùۿ͵ˣҪΣǱķʽ 
ͿɽׯĶ飬˼ǣҲóֱĥ 
ƫƫͣضǰܣ֪ȫŶںߣƾǣ 
ǱѾͷͣˣĶʱʹеȭͷսˣֱð 
һαƿײǽϣҲӶˣε̾һħϣ˳ʱҲΪٲģ 
ĺһۣĺͷĺڳרעˣ¥Ȼ뿪á 





ۿս


ԭȵĺΰ
н̴ܼУ᲻ԾһЦĺ
ǵһνϸǰƣʶǣڵһ۸ˣ
ǵưʹĽ̻ԻͲܷͬԽ
սǷǳʣͬһ㣬漤ҡŶ̼
ˣǿǺзִˣ
ԣŴ󵨵ǰ
ں濴ҵıӰʲôƵģ
˵һۿ˶ս̣㹻ˣֻ㵽䳡Σ
ͿɽׯＤսʱǰˣ
عصǣҲأһ书ĺͿɽׯô˵ع
ͣ˵šңֻֻ֡֡ʱǵӻͷһȷ˵һƽʲôģ
򶼲򣬾أǵʧְ
ֻǣ֪һĻð죬֪ҲǸֵ
ǵЩʶģƵúܰսԲΪΪҲǵһֵĶֵġ
˵Ƕֻ̧
ΪΪ˼ҺôҲǱ
ؼǣǱ
ֱ֣áơݣҲáˡݣֻܵĶ֪ѹǲ书
ؼĻڣȻͷ
˼ԾʱȻŲЩأֻǰܾˣһܣһ߿ĵضѰҵģ
ǽǵ˹۹ʥػǲгֳ
ƣ֪Ϳɽׯôģֵ˶óۣ
ԣ߶ʮһǸһСͷˣ
ڣȫһ顢һ飬ھͲûƤѪˣɴ಻ٺҡֱӺˣ
ôױСѾͷҪô
 
 
Ϊ˼ǵĵˡ 
ڵڶؿһߣһǵԣ 
һٿ룬һţСƨȥһ㣬ܲ˵ 
һ߷ɣһССߣһƼĸоȻƨأ˵صĵϣ鷳ؽصֵǴȥ 
ǺͿɽׯһڶصˣ 
Ҳ֪ȥȹϵĻҳһôƵܽӴǰǵֻᣬǸ֪ҳ 
Լγƨеʹ⣬ûˣǺԥǰȥֲԺȷȺͿɽׯĵӣսУ˼һΪֲױ˵ģ 
ȴ˵صӵܣ˰죬ôҲĿ˵ڶЩǵĴ÷Ǿ編ƣһţֱӽ߽䳡ܾˡ 
Ҳľȥμľ 
ξеԶˣһ̳ô߽ȥأǾֱһص㣬Զߣ 
Ϊѵš 
λ򣡡ֻһЦˣ 
ôϸƤСޣһ̳߻ܲ˵ģɴһŰɣʹʹһΣǿıƳˣں 
㣡㣡Ҫ仹Цյ˵ 
С׼ˣҿˣ˺ĵ׼Ȼ׼䳡򣬹طһţݺݵ 





ʮһ&nbsp;㣨һ


ۿһţҪƨʱһȡ
Ҫ
ڵűߵ䣬ûеĶǵһŰߣȴϤòϤʱϲؿԴǰɻ˭
ģһӿϲ
ߵˣ϶ʱ˲ëëһ㣬ôһ㣬߷ˣ
ĽѾˣ˵ãӲջ˽ţҪôƯСŮޣ治İ
ʱܵǰˣ
ɷɣЦСʢĻһãĵһץס˰ɵ֣ɿ
һûʱˣǿĵҪеˣ
ʱŷԼĺֻҪƲƺ֣ǣҪˣ
ԭԼ㲻Ҫƴǰܣֻ
Լ˼ΪһǵһɣĻֻŶɣǾֻԼǴˣ
أҶֻ֪ϤˣǿĶԶײСڰ
ǲμӻսֵֻģ˽͵
ôˣƫƫ˶¶仰ΪǵϴǸ䳡սôаɰȥģ
ȥɶץŵ˶
˺ۡȫմҳѾͷЩᣡǳ˲ٵĿͷɣôǿһץԼֲţ
СŮѹǣҪҪǻرܣøˣ֪ϵõˣȡЦ
ɵСŮѣ
Զʱۺ콿ߣǰҲ밢ɣǰǲ⣬֣ԼξȻǺų˵
Ȼ֪ǻرܣǰʧ죬ɺ޺޵ض˵ĽЩӵϹ˵Ϲ壿
ҪСŮѣлرأֵǣô죿ʱǵ壬˴Цʡ
˵
ɽлرܣǵȻûرܣҿΪ֮Ц
ΪֻǿЦĿɿڴǣһ˵ȾȻһӰ٣ֺĳ棬ʱֻʣˣ
ǾȻˣʰɣѵЩ֪Լϴ¥
 
 
أǰ˽ǰ֣ڽŵĻս֮ʱ˵˽Ŀɣǣ㲻Ҫ𣬿߰ɣ 
а飬һ·ǳͨ裬ƽ߹أ˻սյվ䳡 
ŰǣС֣;ǵӣȫ֮ͬǰЩһ壬ͿɽׯˣڶضûйҲֵеض档 
öǣһֱǽץֲŵ˶˵Żս̾ԼǴµĲ֡ 
ıԣǿݼǧ˵ĵ䳡ʵȻûлʳǵУ󣬵ҲǺܲСˣҩǰľ֪ٱˣ 
ǣֻعôҿԺúʩչ֣ƣɶǸֱ䣬СˣʵķӵġЩÿÿʽƻСˣ֪Ǻʰĺ 
Զǣǰ 
ˣ件ؿЦŶ԰ɵӭսͿɽׯ 
ӸĲһЦݵ꣬ﲻԲ²⡪ѵһﻹذ˼ƣ 
ǣ֪Щ뷨İɣڴָǰǽܵãµĵط 
Ŷ´ôڻʹ̩͵˽ȻصÿټȺµĵط 
ӦǣɿһۣѾͷԻңȻûʹ٣һȻúܣȻԼûôصҫ 
Ϊ˵ϴȻҲ˽һЩʳ֮£ֻ֪ʹ̩͵뿴ĸϰջȥǵЩ޹ʹ飿 
ԣ֮ǰϹ룬һӶȤ 





㣨


Ҳ˵¥ÿµģ
ˣǡҺȥŶЦ
ȥÿȹʱĵطȲ߹·һĸܣ
ʲôÿģһΪȻ䵭
ãòЦ
ְ˽ǼĿĵ䵭ػͬʱ˰ɣɴСιǣ
뿴սЦŽ͵ǰ
Ϳɽׯ˾ҪˣȭۣҲãʹӳȥɣŰǲ̬֮ģסĲã˵Ը
ڰɵ̬ȣҲʲôڰƽҩǰѼʶ˰ɴĵ̬ȣǲŽһ⣬ľȻһ㲻Ѳ˵ʮֻ
ֻǣõǣⰢǵʤأô˾ͽˣϸؽ浱֮أ
²СһǴֵֻ֪Ѿͷǲˡ
ƫƫ˼ǣôһֽô书ͨСѾͷⰢÿתǰµģмƵġ
Ѿͷһã
֮һ֮ǰǱܵؽ䱸ܾ˵Ų˳ۡ
֪Լݣ޷˵ģ˶ԴҲǺ˻¥ӣûѵⰢ˽
ʵǳ˻սڼ⣬ҲǻӴʿģڴ֣ӦҲʲôð
οԵĺͿɽׯӵݣȻ֪ôŪģҲ֪ذκǺͿôģһ㲻⣿
ɻɣذκȻĶһڣ
սذκˣֻһƯʵĻսǵĹƣȻҲͨأ䳡ü
ȣٻսһżȫͶУĻ˵ù
ֻƻսģ鷳԰̬ŲͣЦϽֺõضҪԼǲеˣ
ְɣϾ¥뱩¶ݰɵλ΢ǻ¥̴ݣڳǰҲֻСĵͷŶԡ
ͷνֻҪְɾУ
˵ֻƽѾͷ䣬һ֮ЩڵĽʿҲһĲġ
Щǰͷǿң
Ŷô䣬ĺͿɽׯı־ʱЦЦصôˣӽԺͿɽׯǵġãӵùо£
 
 
˵꣬Ҳ಻סһһƳ 
˵Ѿͷѣڳһסˣ 
ֲ书ı׾֣֮ǰȣ 
ֻɵɵؿϮ 
Ȼ֪һƲʹǲʹһƣҲò书䣬ڴ첻ɣ 
Բ¶ۼؽǱѾͷһǻڰɱϡ 
ʱԶ 
ü 
ϴھһ£е⣬ǹ⽫λñƣΣǺװ׵ġҪˣе㲻ã 
ǻʲôԭΪߵýԺͿɽׯݽһ书Ѿͷƽϣֵö̫С 
ǻͿѾͷһֱϵؿϲ˿û˼ȵúܣ 
ôһȣõûһСѾͷؽ㣬ܲü 
еôȥĮĴڣֻԻ˶ʵ˺ۣĽˣ 
ããҵһϴǴΣаɵıεڰɻĻ 
֪ɲԸ¶ݣԣΪԼֻء 




㣨


ΪӲһƣ䷴Ҳ˻ڵϣڰɻָǷɿϰһ̽һ߼ʣ
ɷôô
û£û֪ԼĿǺ˵ģøƽˣΪĹġǶᣡ
˶Ҫֺѣ
ֲòְ
ϲĲģöãֻҪģǾֵģ
ϧϲϵģƫƫģ
ûҾͷˣЦˣĺõģĵģΪµһĻ¥һ֣ĸˡ
Цݣǿѹ絶һĲᣬվȥع㳡ȥɣҲսϢģѹ
ãˬشΪѡ֪Ӧ͵ԼģóúͿɽׯûжȹأȥɣ
ץֲţۻ
Ŀɿڴأ˵ﳤȥ
סȥԹҩɢȥֻǴǰ̰һۡûⷢĲȸģԣȻתȥˣ
վ￴ɴҴһȥֱıӰȫʧţߵúСЦݣ
һУĸˣ
еżҲʶˣҲˣսأ˵Բμˣõѻ¥ղҲˣصڰæ͵ǣ
ȥѲǺܴˡбЩ
񣬿һоʱˣ
õ㳡ĵӰʱƽ˺ö࣬ûĿȣֻɵЦкȻĵ˵ҽ׼ҩ̣Ϣˣ
ǰڳʱûôֻһۣϢȥģһ㶼Ҫһֱܣ
죬ľε֮ʱ̣ãǱˣ
еԸʵ֣飬Ҳõڿз裡
ֻٶԺúƷζһľһͣһ̣
һ֪ʿɶֹˣڣӦþ뿪εǵʱˣٴȥޱҪˣ
Ļһ㶣
͹ҩ̣
 
 
ȻдԱҪΣ 
ĺ⣬Դεǣûη 
˺ۡҳޱǱֻøͬܵʹеɻĻãӺúϢɣ 
ˣָĺؾֱҩ̣ 
ĲɫؿҩŹˣоʱȻЦ绨ȴǰݣȫ֮Ƥкܳĸо 
غҩ̵ţе⣬𰢷ɵ˹شҩ䣬ȡɢҩۣˮȣͿĨϵ˺ϡ 
жɣ 
Ǵûй 
Ȼ󣬻ѣͻȻú˯һָо·ڸһ䣬ֳ;桢ڵյ㣬Ҳƣ 
Ӵ˺һУĵףΪһļƸ 
֪Ӧþ߲ԶĸطֻҪ֣ͻǰ 
ǸûعˣҲˣ 
ֻǣ֮ǰú˯һɣҲˣ 
˯Ѻͽ룡 
ǳǳ΢Цܿ硭 





ﱾ


Ʊ䰡
֪ԼҲ׽ʱأ
ֲ˵Ůģ밡
ͥԺϣؿտҹиԲ£ϡǣ⾲ҹǿµ䲻òԼ˸̾
Ϊʲô˯һ󣬱ƽ޲ģޱȵľģҡأ
ҹˣ
һ˯һΣζУ
һȻҹɫˡ
ڰ̾ԼƱ䣡
Բ±ؿʢ˥ѵ磬ӯؿڻʼң³ˣ᲻ף
Ϊʲôеʱ򣬾ȱʱǼᶨ뿪ǾȻٳһͺá뷨ȻŲ뿪أ
ָоٴȥͼпܻܡ˭Բһ£
ǣϧ
һԿ϶ǳֱڽҩŹϵһɲǰ׼ȷ˵˯֮ǰľε֮Ҫ㵽㣬ʱԳĽģǲ֮ģ
ΪʲôһʰװʱȻͶҡأ롱ôԸڣ
еżʶԼ֪ԼĽ֮飻һȵĻսǻսܵµһôһȦ
ǣΪʲôһ뵽ȥȻеܣȻЩ⣿Ϊʲô뺰룬ȴʼղԸ
롱һûأ޷ͷ˰ɣ
ǰ̾ҲãҲգҹգǿʼ˼ĸо
ʲôԸᡢģ俪ʼһһš
ûƹ
񶼲ˣôƣҲ»ˣ
ǻˣ
ҽֻѣûеյĵز
ǻİɣ
⵹ҲǣֻҪģǰٿᣡĵĳղҪԼĵزôˣ
ɶģȻƣףôһӣֻеһп޵Ĺֻͣһβˣ˾͸ɢˣ
ԣȻĽģûʧȥǵĵز
ִ֪ٴȥ޶壬ʱҹеһ㣬޷Բȴͣһʧȥǣʲô
Բǣôʲô
Щֻаˣ
ģǰɵꣿ
ǵģ
Ҫ뿪֣ѸģȻǰɵ飡
 
 
ϰÿаˣϰ˸֮ϷʱĬȻ 
ǰԼȻǧ谮һɳ˸ĸֳ˶ǳĳĿģĳΣŻã 
Դˣǳ 
ʱǰҲ̫ڼˣ 
ôԼ죿 
ٶͺã༸ͺã 
û˴ȥκ˶ûзġ 
˾ 
һ£飬漣غˣʱһƬã￪ʼů 
ڰң 
ûг嶯Ϻǣ򣬾ͻΪûлͷһǾ䡰ȥ˵˿ڣ۶಻ᣬҲֻ뿪ˣ 
ֻǣԼ漸ͺã浽սĵúԥ뿪ˣ 
͵ԼεĳУʼհɣ 
޲ɢ֮ϯ 
ʱôҲ˵ȥˣ 
ֻǣȴЦѣ 
˰ֶﱾܣ᱾ܵءһе̰ǵůǵԸȥ 
˵ 
乫桷 

ãصС˵ www.27txt.com ӭȥŶ
վԴתԻ˲κθ,֧棬ȨУ
ȨУغ24Сʱɾñ鲻빺鼮лߵ֧֣