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һǧᣨһ
ѫҪǵãú㻹УãΡǣټ
һλŮԾ¯УһƻƮȥ
۾ʱһƬдجѣ֪ΪΣСһֱһΧң龰ǧٴεĳ֣ÿζεȻֹżˣֻҺף龰ϰߡÿѣ۽Ƕһᡣ
һֱΪǺϰߡǵСʱҾǱѣĸûа취ֻܴȥһλʦҵһ棬ͽңҶǣұ˴ֻ꣬ǵ˵СЩˣǣһ죬¼𣬲Ҫӱܡ
ֱϣһ̥ǣ״ȱһԲʯҲ֪Ͼʲô⿪ǣҾڼʱȥ̨ɽ⿪ԼԡԺʦ˵һҪȥ֮أܽ⿪
һļҲԶȥһ㣬ĶɽɫϪʵ壬Ӱȥ̾Ǻ׿͵ı飬ҡʲô˼ɽɫϪӰȻΪ׷׹ҵ羳ưƶǶĿҡ
ﶮ̧ۿȥһλ׺ӵͷоʮˡֻ֪һ㶮һصضңȻͷȥûֻͷ˵أȻۣ㲻Ҫӱܣһжע˵꣬ͷȥ
һ¡ʦɷͷΪһ㣬֪ҵϴʲôĿ
ֻҡҡͷСأϵԣֻԼܽ⿪ֻǷӣء㬵뿪
õģӦòʲôµġҵͷ£ȥˮˣԼ»ʦĻƺҵ˳
һλȫɮ˴յҸǰߡСƺʲô벻İɷɮ˵˵ҲΪСǡʦ˵Լﻹעأ
ǾҪСôˣϣƫȻ飬ʹƫ룬Ҳջصԭ㣬ʹԽǧꡣҿЦŵͷѾ˶ʮˣΪģǵһˣ쿴ҵҲˡԵڣͰ͸ˣҪúñܣõġ
ҽӹϸ˿ɫ͸Ȼǲ֮Ψһвģһȱڡ
 
 
ʦⶫ̫أҲҪⱾģֻԭˣȻȱڣһ죬ỹԭģˣü£ͻԶԭһЩʲô̧ͷѾҼԶˣЦصڶߡԵǻټġ 
ϸҸ첲ϵ̥״ֻԴһЩɻ󣬾ʲôܡ 
ҹסԺ᷿Уվ¹֮£λʦ˵Ļ벻ʲôͷ֪Ϳ˯ˡ 
ΪԼ˽һΣһΣҲ׷֣Ǿͨ˵ӣƽӡǲٷֿˣʹ֣ҲὫصҵߣ롣Ϧ£һ໥ˣΨҸ 
Ȼۣۣͣ׵ǵҴǰϣô¾˯ˣǵģ˯ûҰᵽôĶȻǲѣˡ 
ҵһǸβͬΣôʵһ㣬ͬŮӣͬӣԽԽˣΪʲôεͬһŮأò߷ơҵһοòЦһ۾鶯Դˡ 
ҸҪȴͷ۵òУҵĶͷ֪ҷˣȥҩˣڴϣǸΣ⾿ʲôϵ 




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濴гôС׸˵·ߵС̯ȥһ˳ŹšҴСȽϲһЩƿƿ޹޵Ķ
ֵһҹ꣬ġԼ߽ȥֻһߡĶɣƹɫ㣬һǲ֮
С뿴ʲôѭȥһλϸ΢Цкҡ㿴Ҫһġ
ߵմһֻڲ۽Ĵƿҵע⡣˵ģɵӵϢƿϵŮӡһŶġȥգ㲻ǣ͸һкһδµᣬᡣƿŮӾŮӣԼ߷ơƿɢһֵ֮
Ŵƿſȥ˼ңƿֵ١
ƿӲģ˵Ĵ
ֻһ仰ҵԸ
ʧ߻ԭ£ȴֲᣬƿһֺϤĸо
ôˣҺңʲôأҿСĵĸƿӣҲСĽţһƿŮӣ㰡߷ְɡ˼ĵͷ
һ˵óϲƿ磬Ͱ͸ˡҾš˵Եˣ̸ɡҸСݡ
ʮ꣬ƿӰ˶ʮ꣬ʽֱ죬λҪԸ߼ȥûΪҪԵ˵ġɢһ֮ƿӵʺ䣬߷ƿŮӣ룬ʦеԵˡ
ʣƿʲôģδ֪һάȿռֻ֪άȿռеĳȴ֪άȿռзʲôйʲô
˼ǣƿӲռκһԣԣʦ˵Ӧ˼
ţǶƿӵˣԣмǣĪǿһжҵͷֻǲ̫Ż¡룬ʵҲûʲôֵģԼڲҲǸ𡣶档
һ뿪˹Ŷꡣ

С㣬һͷһһɫɫĳɫĿӣɫīϵһСҲʡ
СֻƿԸ߼򣬿ɲС㿼һ¡͸һ˿ϿҡΪʲôϲֻƿ𣿡ǵģҺϲһиУ㿼һ¡
 
 
ԲǱ͸ҵģҲϲҲиУ뻨߼˰ɣʣȴп϶ǣҾ˵ֻԵˡ֧ƿҲϲҿԽ͡ 
𣬼ȻС㲻ҲǿֻϣٿһۡãɡСŴƿϸĶ꣬ãŲĹ黹СԵˣƿŮ߷ƣֲԸ͸ˡ 
ЦЦƿϲңܶͬһˣ֪㻹뿴ȥɽɣݾʱҡãһȥģллˡ˵꣬㳯෴ķȥ 
֪ΪΣҾúʶֻ벻֮һֺϤĸо 
һЩʱ䣬ɫ裬ɽ·ߣټָո¹꣬ѡұŴƿײײһһڵ̨ף׸۵Ľ캰صˡ໥ֻһû޳ݽ׵С·Ĳݣ· 
һСģʪСݣŴƿɽ¹ȥҺò̫ߣиоֻ뿪˵ȴƤǧôҲֻ̧׵ľŵòᣬҺǻһ֧Ϊ˹ȥҲû֪ˡ 
ԼƮƮģ֪ȥˣҲѾ.˰ɣˤҲأڰһʺš 
֪жãڿһˣ߽һԭʯλɮˡͷЦŶ˵ʯԭѾˣڣֻʧǧļˡܿ죬ԣͻҿʯʯǽ⿪ܵĹؼһҪʧˣֻܰô࣬ʣµģֻ컯ˡ 
Ҹ뿪ڣѾˣ˲ʱ䣬ҵľҲˣС 




ǳ


һе
ŮջͼŴҽҲ˵˿轫ʤ飬ϴϯة࣬ôܲȥأֲ뿪ŮֻܴˣҲܾûˣϴνꡣ컹кܶ׹μӣ˵˿ǵء
ŮСЩ»żɣ˵ŮոٵߴءŮˣҪ޵ġ͵˵˵꣬ѧʲô
Ůѧܶأ˺ö಻֪ĲҩҵҽѾ̫ҽˡţŵģҽҩңϧߵ磬ҽܵ˰ɡ..
ˣүС㡣ϳС˵ҲŵŴȥ
ةൽһͨе˷׷վǾϹҾãǵĿⶼۼδ¶ةŮϣһһġڴݽµĵһλϣ˵һģǽһŷɥѪҵ뿴νѪʲô
أֻһϼݵڽͷӶЦ̸̻һ˹ı飬ҲС
ֻ轫ʤĻӭᣬҲؾ񣬴轫һ£һװйעλѪǸбġѪˡ
轫˴ȫʤͣ轫ƽǧĶٽһΪӽסлʹ͡û̫Ļʼնǵģʹһ޹أҰ̾ôôˡ
ʽʼûʲô˼ֵĸ裬һλλ罿ĵĹ֮Ů׷աϣ˻ᣬܱλ׹ǻϿأ֦ͷм
ܾú˶Լһ̧ͷ轫Ŀ⣬ʵģķëɫɲ⣬һˣ˭֪ʲôأܲסĿ⣬˸ڣ˳ȥ
벻ʹ֮У׵ĵطĺˮĲƣߵŷҡţ˸һɵĸо
߳
СʯˮȥһֲƣǰԼû˼ǣģȤ
ˣ𣿡һͷһɫӰվҲһ˭װ𣿡Ҳ˵һﾡЦ⣬ǲԾһɫװĳҰ̾ôгĵ˵ģȴô͸ֱ֮ңǰˣȻǸ
ôˡһգ˵ĶᷢɣɲǻաҶЦû¡㬵Ļһ䡣˵ȥûעµСʯӣһ䣬ͱŴصķȥҺһֻ佫ұס˸ѶȶŻعҹ̶ůĻôľ룬ֻо٣Ͼ͸˵ˡ
ȵѸƿ־롣ةǧôСģ´˭أ߹ľ롣˼ȫ˺ǺˮҪ˵ʱһĻҾһ
 
 
˭˭ǱߣһλΣǳһŭ⡰Ǻôĵӣʹ֮ڣ§§ӵʧɫֻعЦաԭǵһı飬ȥˡ 
㵽ʲô˰ôͲ˵ˣ㻹û˵ʲôأ 
ţҽ˿ס´ʣҲ˵ඡأʲô 
Ժ֪ģˣ´αˤˡЦתȥˡ 
ҽͷҲˡʲôʹЩˡ 
λҡȥˣ 
ûУûȥģɢɢ˿Һûб˿ 
̧ͷײĿ⣬һװһı顣Ȼûʲô飬ģȴҸоһԭˡ 
ϣةǧСҲǸոչ󳼶ǵһةǧı棬ôٻ¼ҵŮӶչգ飬ةǧҲһչա 
йҵģҵȻҪϸˡȻ˲ڻʳǣԳоҲ֪һԵǵڳеĵˣΪ̫ʱһ˳ɣǲġ 








ةǧԣ׼ࡣϵҲңҵͷ˵İɣҲģǸС˵óѡ˵ͷ
ϣСŮةฮڽ˼꣬ȻδѣԣϲҪЦãҪЩʲô
Դһ׹ĸ裬ѧҪŹĵɣл鷨ıݣ϶׼
׼ࡱ
һһ·ڴм䣬̬ĸŹ٣һƬž룬ǵžްɣҲ÷̵ԸԳġ
ĵƹ١Ѿ׼õĳŹĵ𣬰ɫɴ·ڿеı任ҲƮܸее˶עҡ
ĵƫҳ׳ǽС˵ϣһϾڴϣֻظֻ̬ǿҵһ˿ŭǻӣ΢΢һЦëʣڳϾҵ黳
ĵˣҽ׵˫ֽסڴ롣
޿дʲôϣһλ˳һ¶ϲɫ
쳯ɽӣƳ⣻أԶСϲԾĶ˳
Ǻ֣ҲǴǷ͸©ݵ黳벻ةȻ˴ϻ۲ѧŮ̿֡ΪһѺ龰ǺܺЦ
ϣһ󡣡
ֻҪģȻӦʡֵĿ˿һһ仰ˣ˵һ仰
ҷʹ͵𣬳Ըھȼ񡣡ϵһҲһ㶣ǿ𰡣ʲôС
ȼϻһ
˵޷
ǻةǧдĶԸԽ
´˿ŵòᰡүϻӻǲС
ҵǺܲ죬ҵʲôء
˿޵㣬㻻ǲأ
Ҷ˶񡰻ϣСŮŽأѵϵգʹȼðգֻҵĶ˵Ҳ£Ҹ̵޷˵ҵֵҵȻҲǸ˵ģԣͬ⽻
ټ
ͷ֪ҵĻش⣬ҲͷˣΪһСҾ͸ˡ
ѵةǧ壬ǣ׼ࡣ
лϡͬ˵
ٹ˵
С㣬롣ҪңҸʲôһ۵ͷ
˵ةȥһСظ
õңҿϺϲأµġĬĬ˵ͷ
ҿ첽ȥĹҲϰµģһ˵һ仰ҪԴġ
˳ҲҴڳϾǵദЩ־ġ
վڴߣңʲô顣ͷˡ
֮Ů˿μϡƽַңСһ¡
 
 
һˣ֪𡣡Ŷ˭ 
ŵǻϵ𣿡 
ǣӰӣѲи 
ڰϻʱڣպһŮӡ 
ǰһֲĻᣬҼ㡣ң 
ǣԸ빬Ϊ޵𣿡ǳˡ 
ϣ˿СҺ˿ɽҰŮӣ䲻ϻ֮ 
֪һʱ˵Щŵ㡣ǣ˿ܳ 
ּһ֮飬֮⣬ҲҲʺϻʹ 
˿ֻϣɵʹԺ˿ԣ 
ţİɣ޲Ϊ㣬Ҳǿ㣬ϾǿҸ 
𾪣һϣô˵ĻԭҲƽ׽ˣʱķնԻϸĸͣ񣬺ӡ˼֡յҸһûʵۡ 
첻ˣ޽ظ 
ϣԺ𣿡ȻҲ빬ΪǰȴһиС 
ãɡ 
߳ϵĻЩԣֲ֪ﲻԡ 
ľСظˡ£ּСȥ 
İɣλСǾɽˣС 
Ǻðɣ͵ˡҲټתͷعˡ 




ദ


½вҪ½ڱ⡣ΪһӰԶ
£㾿˭Ǻ񶼺㰡ˣԺ֪ġ
ԭǵ¡ٴ𣬴ŷ̵ǵķ
ԭүϲӹٽˣΪүôһ˻أ
ټȻȥˣСȥΣ
ӿңĵʡҪ˭ȥ
ôѡ˭ҲðǱүɣܻû
үһȥɣмҪءǸ£ǻټɣ
𣬰£Ҳ˭iʲô
ЦЦǺðɣͽа°ɣɲôбˡ
ҲŲأڽбˣлô졣ǻټĶ԰ɡ
ţȻټġţඣǡ
Զǣƥܹȥɡĵ˵ǲܿܡ
.ǸҲҵͷ˵ҾҰ͡
Ǻһƥаɡֻˣܲ߻ȥɡ
ķȻ֣
ó۰ҹ̶ϣзĻᣬɪɪϣı˿ûие䡣
㲻Ҫʱ𣿡ǸΪʲôҪҵĶ
Ҫñиɰɡֻ𣿡Ҳʵʡ
ǻҪԻĶΪʲôҪأ
ϲˣȨʰɡ
ǣȨʡ죬ˣ˵ôôӲ
дĻǺܺãҲܹ
ҪĴˣ̲סЦ
ôʶǸµģ͵͵ŷʱġ
ŶǸʵҡ
ʱʶģ˭ϸңҰɡ
Ժ֪ġҲǲ¡
˵˰ɡ
ԺԶ㣬ˣСӡ
ʾ𣿡
㣬Ǿ档
Ľֵֻһƥˣеζ
 
 
˿ˡ 
һˣõġ 
ү˿˿Сðĵطү¡ 
ة಻ؿŮܻ˵Ҳá 
˵ţ߿һۡ 
Һ͵صС 
˿ǲǺ˵ʲô 
ʲô˵ҪΪҹ۲ŵı顣 
ƺûһ˿𾪣ǵı顣 
ûͬɡ 
˵ģʥֵּͬͬġһؾˣҲͬˡ 
ţ֪㲻Ըġ 
ǰ󹬵ˮ֪жں󹬵ĶթһСģʬ޴ˡ 
֪ͺãΪҪ̫ˡˣϴϴ˯ɡ 
ĬĬȥ˵ģˣܿˡ 





ͷȤ


С㣬ˡ޺˵
ҵأүȥ糯ˡ
̫ˣȥϹأȥ糯ˣҿԳȥˡ
Һ޺ڽϹţҼǺһιˣʶĵطͬڽ꣬ȥĵطûм٣ҲмʮˡǶûлʶ٣ӽ£ǲһ
޺ȥǰ淢ʲôˣôΧôˡá
һȺΧڽֿڣ˱
СãңĺġҿǳгĶӣңٻ֮αأֿۡһŻһЦվڽֿڡ
ˣֻһڷԾˣʲôٻӷҰɡ
ǡӡȫŮӵŶ־Ҫץ
ȵȡסŭЦӭôСŮҲбˣ
־ҪҵһЦӭ
ǰٷģ˭ܲԹء
ϣСŮ˵ӿɲŮ࣬ңٻڻ°
ЦЦ
ͷ
ҸǺϵģҲܸ檣ҪȢҲң𡱣
....ʵ檣ҲûʲôõģΪĲǱٷ磬ͥԺ𣿡
Ҳǰ檣粻ޡҵĿ
㣬ˣҡ֪˭𣿡
֪ĹӦóٶһЩҶˣס
ΧȺڲסЦģȻ˳͸ˡ
ˣҺݺݽѵˡ
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ʮһҽץ·С̯Ķǡ
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ǵģһȺҶֲóˣǸûʲôܷģֻȭӦǡ
˿šѭȥӹĹӣסҲ߹һ𿹵Сһվŵľֻʣ鹫ˡŵЦ
ϣ鹫ôˣ߰ҺؼҡһЦ
ˣ´ο㣬ȻҪС˵꣬ûӰˡ
ҪתͻȻһ˱סҵȣҶһԭǸոձ۸С
лС֮ԸԶ׷С㣬ţСĶ顣
ˮ˫ۣҵҲˡ
ţͲˣҿһ˹¿ģҲûطסЩӰѸˣȻҸ˼ңЩСⶼС
ҴһЩӣȻ뿪ˡ
£ôˡʵ
ֻ·ǰиŮߴߴĵϷ˼ҹӣȥ֡
ʲôҵϷֻǿ߹۸˼ҰˣϷ˵
 
 
ĹȥֱӸȭ͵ˡЦ 
ҵ֣˵ҰҲΪϲġ 
ϲʲôӣתң˫̶ֹסҵļ򣬲ѵĻᡣ̫ľ룬˴˵ĺһ̵ģͷ 
ˣɰˣһȥԷɡ 
תЦҾȻЦˣɵ 
ðɣҵǮղŸȥˣ밡 
ֵ䣬һƷ¥˻Ǻܶ࣬ƹļǣһǴ᷿С᷿£ŵζԡ 
˿ʲô㣬롣ɺЦ硣 
ðǣҾͲˡ޺Ҳ³԰ɡ 
޺һ£Ҳһˡ 
һƷ¥ĶǲίһƹݡĳƺŰĺܺóԡ 
ϲ´ٴԸһӷ 
һ£˲ָƽ 
ð´밡ҪлءЦŻش 
óĽҲҲ˲㡣ŵĿҡ 
ҲóֻȭͷһƣץҰһۡ 
ţҲǣ´¾ңҺЧ͡ 
ֲ֪㣬Ҳ˭ȥ㰡 
˵ˣ֪ģ㲻ңȥ㡣 
ǺáЭ 
ֵʱǹô졣 




ټ


˿ȥˣ㡣վڸſڣһ
ʲô°ôżҼеʡ
үжˣ֪ʲô޴󰭣ǣ̫ҽҲ鲻ʲô
Ҹȥܲܰʲôæ
ԣǸϽȥɣ°
á˵ұ

ֵǮҲվڴߣа¡
μϡة಻ضŶ˿Ҳˡ
ǣСŮͨҽȺҽ޲ߣϳСŮæҲСŮܾү
Ͽ˿ңڵȻˣ԰ɡ
ǰ̽̽ү両Ǹվ޴󰭡Ǹһ˿Ц
ô˿Ѿ֪үкζ𣿡ȿʵ
ػϣүеĶֻͨݶ޴󰭡
һԵ̫ҽˣվҪҡ
СѾͷ֪ͲҪϹ˵ͲʲôݶôͨĶͲˣװ𡣡
ȻҵҽȻ⣬ҲȷͲ˵ġ
̫ҽˣֻ֪һ֪ɡ߲ݶȻͨҲ綾үֻݶûˡ¶֮˲뺦үԼ㣬ݵĶԣүֻǻԲѣ˼ʹƽͣˣȶү˶ҵֻǲݶѡֻ̫ҽ˻ûעɡ֪СŮӵĽͿɺʹ⣿Դŭ˵
⣬ϳ֪Сƣ
ڵõ˿϶һ
ݶý⣬ֻ㡣ųԣֻʩ룬ңһΣ죬ÿεʩĲλͬҪݲĵĻش
벻С㾹Ȼͨҽ硣̫ҽ̾
Ȼˣ磬ú˿ס°ɣȵү˶뿪ɡ
ǣ˿ּ⡣
ҩСȥҩץҩ˶߹ˣֻлϺͰ»ǶҲİ⣬ҲȻҲҼҡ
ιõҩ󣬲һĹˡҲ¶ϲɫ
ȻˣҲͻعˡ
л뺮¹ģ޴󰭡
վڴߣﰵԾţ¾ȻǺĻӣΪʵۻӹʵӡȻݲпܻǺδĻʵۡ
ƺҳԾı飬ҵһЦתȥˡ
˿úչ˳ͳ˧κ͡
ģ˿һúչү
˻ϺͰ£һصԷιԵڶҩ
ڴϣ۾ĿңܿĿ⣬ʺſԽԽ
ʲô뱾ж£
ʣȴǿ϶
֪˻ʲôҰһ˵
ңдЦ⡣
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Ŀң֪һ
˵ûŭ⣬һ˿Ц
⻹ǵһοЦ΢΢䲻ģȴһ˿ԭүҲһλ˧磬ֻƽʱڸסԭĿʡ
ˣЦ⡣
 
 
ҵͷװ򶨣ȵָƽвʵʵүԼ֪ԽݵĶԣȼɡ 
ܴԼġ 
вû˿үкζҪһӡҲ˵ 
Ŀġ 
ߣ̽Ұɣү֪ǲʲôϸ 
ԭ֮һΪ㣬ٲ¡ 
ҲòأҶˣҪԷ 
תͷ޼ɵЦ 
ʩ룬ſڴϣСĴ̼Ѩλλò׼ǵģԼԼʩʱûô档 
ͷѶǴ󺹣ȴ˲ò 
ʩϺһˮӣЦˣŪŭ졣УԼϵĺ顣ôһģҷǸ̲סЦ 
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ԼүĴϣڴ߿ҡһʶֵ̿ؿ 
İɣûʲôҶ㲻Ȥ 
ߵߣҶ࣬ͷҡ 
ûԷɡ 
ҵͷ 
ͱһ԰ɡŶû̫ԡ 
үˣȥȰͷ˵ 
ȥЪŰɣȻܳϷˡ 
ཻѾߣȻֻص 
չ˱˰ɡ 
ǰС㳤ô󣬻ûź˭㻹ǵһҲ˵ 
ȱˣȥ̤ô 
һҿ¡ǺãүһԾŶҪسŵ 
Ӳʧˡ 
ĵ˵ͷ 







ȵүĶѾòˣָֻ˳̬糯ʩ롣

ϣԵѾźˣ˹Ա⣬ϪҲСһλ˵
ţЩˣٴةǧɣԸȥġһתˡ

Ѿͷ˵Դ㣬ҪҪȥո߽˵
ģȥҵȻȥˣմҲǺõġڸǲסЦ˵
ϻͦ㡣˵
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˿ҵѭȥ΢ЦİҲ֡
Ϊˣ˭ãΨһİ취Լһƥǡ
˿ʲô𣿡ϵĻɻҡ
˿ÿҪݽ壬⺮Ͼݵ㣬ζԺ˿ûоѵƥ
ԭǺ˿ԼѡҪ˭
ôѡǵģѡ˭Ķá
뵽һ취
ϣ˿а취ˣ˿˭ϡֻҪ͸õĲĺŲζˡҸ˵Ļش
ã׼ࡣ
ҵİ취ҰȫҴչȭŵʱˡ
ûע⵽һ˫ʵ۾ҡ
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޻ʹԳɼǰ֡
лϡĸһֻаһ˾һ
ʹĸˣңûֱʹͣҪʲô
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ϣ˿ʲôҪֻϽոﻹķ
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˿Ϊ˭Ǵƾʲô㷢䣿
ſ˵һۣǸҲСѾͷ¾ǹˡ
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ţһҪ޵Ĺޱ׼
ԭģҪԡ
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ڶ峿ұ㶼ȥƽϼˣԡ
ƥΪܰȫұҲû̫顣
 
 
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Ƿֲķߣǡúͺѫһ򱱡ǡ෴ϡ 
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Ǳ˭ȻصӪ˭Ӯ 
ң˼Ƭ̡Цش𡰺á 
һ£ͬʱޣĿĵرȥһƽֻص 
֪ΪΣͻȻһʣץ񷢿һǲϰºҲӳ̫ԾǸı䷽߱ǣѾסԾһ׹䣬˳б¹¡ 
˿һСֻоӡ±ңһɽ¹ȥоһѣΣ˹ȥڹʱͷײʯͷֻµĵĽк 
Ӫ 
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ػϣ˿Сͷܵײ޴󰭣С㱾Բˡ̫ҽĻش 
һԵü˵վڴߣĬĬעһᴲ˵˶תͷȦȥ 
ѫһֱվҴǰҵ֣ҸϿ 
Ѿǻص˼ңԼϡ 
ӳǵǽݣͺѫҪ޺ңڴϡ 
ûˣõġǵǵݲŽȥ 
ҿ˿ͺѫ΢΢һЦﷺһů 
лλĺ˿˿úů 
ԭ˿ǻЦݡ 
ҵĵ飬˿׹⣬˹Ϊ֮һԵǵĿҡ 
ҵȻЦЦ 
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ѫͷ֪˭Ҫ㣬һǰԵˡ 
˭Ҷ׷˿ȥʲôˣʲô˽𣬼Ȼĺңǵ濴ң޷ܵģԼעЩˡ 
˵öԣٴκ㰡˵ 
û£ģǻġҵ˵ 
ǺðɣȻ㲻׷ԼһҪע⡣һԵĺѫڿڡ 
ƺʲôҲûٱ̬ 
˺ѫ 
 
ڣֻһλĸŮ 
Һúõ飬˭˺˿ 
ǡֻһ֣ȴҳ֮ı顣 
Ḯ 
˭Ҫ壬Ҫ˭ôӣȻҰ˿ 
ѫȥ΢ЦĶһԵ˵š 




Σ


ةฮ
˿ԣ㷢Σաϲ˺öҩģգӦýȥл϶Ĺġҵ
ǣŮ֪Ůվͽл
գŵ糯ұ޺˹û糯ұŹ԰Ⱥ򣬻³󣬻ص԰ҡ
治ǻʼ԰֣ܣкö࣬ôط󶼻ûмģȻϢĺõطʼҵݻ
ϣⲻةǧôǻʼ԰ˡ
ҸջعͷһϪԱ߻һλŻ󡢴޵Ůӡ
ݣֻغһŶԭǻϵӣҸ˸ûй
ôĵӣ˱ȻҲ򣬱Ϊ㹴ס˻ϣͿ޷ˡλŭĿ_ңﻹжʻ
ϸŮӣǺܺÿޣŮǧܳĶȻеֶεġ
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үʲôʱɹˣү컹˵ҪȢأ֪ʲôʱõүĳŵˣƵ˵ĿƫҪ
㣬ˣˣ졣ԱߵƺҲĬˣЦͷ
ҡҲ
ôңԲҲͬķʽԴ㲻Ҫˣҿǹϵã㣬ֻһССة֮Ů˱Ϊù𣿡
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СƺҵĹǣЦø޼ɵ
ˣҺݺݵ졣Ϫš
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ҿ˿Ϫ𾪵ﵽ֮ϻָƽ
ϪѵһµѾͷү˷ŭﶨ˵
֪˿ʲôҪ̣ѹŭ˵
**ү㣬Ҳ֪ʲôʹүӦȢΪϪ߷ߵ
ɻؿң˲ָƽɫҿЦı飬ƺˡ
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ǡ.ϪҪڣȴֹס
 
 
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뺬˿飬Ͳñ˰ߣҲﲻҪΪѺ˿Ͼة֮ŮǱŮӣҪ಻ԹۡȨľǰĻĿһ˿־塣ϾɱѪɱء 
ȻˣҲͻعˡ˵꣬ߵϪ뿪ˡ 
үʲôãֻ**ˡϪʵʵ 
ˣһһ˵ĽţδУΪԳûֻ֪ǲûΪѰˣ˵ˣˡٿǰĿתߡһԵϪ˾ݺݵĵһۣת뿪ˡ 
ϪȻȥĳҸ˵Ц 
Ц̧ͷǵĿ⣬ﷺһ˿ơ 
Ϊʲô˵ӦҪɵؿңƺڴҵĴ𰸡 
ûаҿóϪϲүСС̼һ£үҪ֡ 
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ŶҵӦһ 
תͷҪ뿪ллңУҪ¸ҵҲġ 
ӦһҸеѾˣһ˿Ц⡣ 
Ҵӵ𣬳鷿ķȥﷺ˿˿ж 





̻𻨻


ϴѾȥˣЩ죬ѫǻҳȥҲǺ⡣ȴһֱɻΪʲôҲҪߵ̫ѫһĴкǰġˣһҪǳļƣݣվȡ
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˿תȥ
ֻҪס˿˿ֻҪԼͺãҪı䡣Ŀ׵ȴǼᶨɫ
 
 
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ƽ 
˿ô⣿ѫ糾͵ܹҺүһӰ˰ 
ˣҺү仰ҿڽһ¡ 
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ʲôأֻ˻ǰһع 
ûʲôҵĻش𡣡Ǽ̻ 
װµĿߣȴصүĻû˺˵Щû˸ҪᶨԼӿж 
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ةฮſ 
ллһȥҲлῴôҹաҸм˵ 
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˿ǽȥɡָһ˵ 
ȥ𰡣ֲҺɵؿ 
ĸȥЩȴҵĴ𰸡 
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СǺ۹⣬ֻֻ֮һ֧ϸƹڵ˵ 
̣߳ڸǲסЦ⡣ 
Ḯ 
СλС㣬Ժᾭģסˡѫָſڵ˵ 
Һѫ߽Ḯǻס֮أǵĴլܲͬլӳϣӹģ֪סݵĸ߹ 
ҽ͸ĸ˼䣬Ȼ뿪˺Ḯܾãĸȥɫȴһ˵ĸо 







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ЩӣżȥḮѫϴѫķԸСҲǿÿζܺ׵ĽԼһסһʱ䣬ѫǺæڲ߻ʲô顣
С㣬ˣڻС󹧾Ķ˵
ţȲͨˣƤЦ
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һСģߵ˵ϵĻ衣
˭˭棿ѫš
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ˮʣĵ߻ةฮ
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ΪʲôɱֻΪҪ֤Լ𣿸ײһϧˣ˵Ҫۿҳءôô׵ľɱأ޺ĽΪǶܻȥǣ׶Դฮ˶ܺãһϣǺߣһԭ򡣿ǣǲǻԭ
ѫĸĻ˵ѫټңӦˡǾ˵Ǳݺġ֪һӣΪܱסǵŵɱס˱ʹе鴩һ𡣸ǱѫġҲԸܣԸƲ⡣
 
 
ҿǽϣԸȥ룬ʵԽԽᱻ˺ 
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˿С˵ˣѾǵĻ 
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ҲãҲã㲢ҵıԸҰ㣬֪ʲôʱʼǺģҾҪغܻλˡһ죬һһ£ʹؿңҪԶӡ 
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ãһ뿪Ҫأһ᲻һоȥһ죬ǻټתͷ뿪ˡ 
ذף֪ɱˣȴ²֡ҺԼһУɵģ޴ڻةࡣһµʱ䣬һжˣ޷ܡ 
ذףһЩɫʡû֣һʯӴذ׵֣ذڵϣҲ˵ϡ 
ɵӣҪúûȥฮļʮȥءҪ̫˽ҪúõĻȥ͵Ϊ 








ҪҪҿմʪԲﲻΣأ
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׼Σ˵
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ۣʡѫأ
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վ
찲
ڴĹľҾ߽£ϻһԷȥɫĹٷźɫѪĿɫҹڹľǰ
ŮТ˸ףŮһúõĻţһ·ߺá
վ˹ľǣؿһۣһۡ
תڻǰú˿úýᡣ
ƽɣڰ޶׼󡣡ҵͷվ
ϣǷةฮļʮı֮£޹ءҺῴŻϣܿ
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⣬ôٹپͻ˼ݣҲᴦáĵĿڡ
ʲô󣿡ɻʵ
޵ӣԡ
ҳƬ̣뵽ҲǣΨһʹİ취Ǽ޸ϻĳλүԼҸѾʲôûˣεѱң۰ҵĸ뿪ңѪ𣬻ôȥȣԼҸʲô
 
 
үԸȢһλﳼ֮Ů𣿡תʵ 
Լľ𣿡ʵ 
ǣ˿Ը޸ү 
ΪҶλͻɡ 
׼ճɻ顣϶ϵ˵š 
 
Ҫ뱾𡣡ҡ 
Ҳ֪ҲǣҲǣģһᾡȥһӡһش 
ǻˣú׼׼ɡתȥ 
ֻʣһˣվھߣԼԸ޸ү 
ֻһʱ䣬ʧȥ׵ˣֲݲݵؽԼ˳ȥ 




֮


ҴŴϲվھǰӦ˵£ȫȴûֻϲġ
С㣬·һ㡣һߵ޺˵
ҿžеԼϲѩ׵ļѩ۾ɵıӣ͡ĺֻȱһ
үĻͣةฮſڣ͸ĸͷҿһĺϲµ٣ǸʵɡȴȢҡ
֣ҽǣһڼʱͷһʮĵطգסµˣҲԶزˡ

Я߽˵ע뻨֪˶ɣүձȨǳ˻֮⣬ȨˣΪʲôҪȢһﳼ֮Ů
ڻǰ֤顣ҺүѾûиĸˣǻϴͻ飬Ӧ֤顣
еʽұ·һڴϡ
һƬհףһεεϲϣҲҵˡ
޸үŮģҾڱЩʲôΪԵѡ
ˣĽŲ֪үˡ
ûϣţĹ۲ҡ
̻ᡣã߹ƿҵĸͷ֪ӳģǸôңۣ׵۾ҶĿ
ûзŭߡŤҵӣָҵҲᡣᣬʹұһᣬ¡
ӽԺǱˣס۷ʲô㶼һˣıվűһˡ
ҵͷΪʲôÿһθҸжģһ˪ǳˣҲֻܿᣬ͹ˡ
Ҽᶨ֪Ǹڿ˵ҵĺѫᱳңүүһ
֪㻹û׼óΪԺסһסԱߵ᷿Űο
ҲĿǰˣң˽ңһʲôأܼ޸챣ӣҵĸû׼ãû׼óΪӡ
˿̧ͷһ龫µԲʯ
ʯԵ˼ǱĸǰģϣҵԼӰŮӣڣҰ͸㣬һȥػŮӡ
 
 
ҽӹʯϸšɫ͸ȷʵ䱦 
үո˿һʱ䣬˿ֻǻû׼áεض˵ 
Σ֪úϢɣˡ 
תȥһҹδߡ 
ϺүһԷȻү糯Ҿڸι䡣ܴҾں԰һһ硣ֱүҡʱᵽߣʯӴˮĥʱ䡣 
ҪǾû˼СϽϹɣүͬġ޺һݵң˵ 
޺ΨһةฮµˣҴѾȫǲɢֻߡҲҵˡʱһΣͷĺӣӡҽ˼ʹƣҲֻӳѡǰ̻ҷɽɽׯϳ˵Ľ󣬰ָ͵ɽɽׯׯҰԸָͻׯׯ޺Ϊ˱ңһֱߣֱڣҲѾʱˡ 
Ϊ˾ģҽ޺һЩ𾭣һ𡣼ǵСʱĸ׾ܻڷоʱҡԣСұ㶮һЩ֮ʹĸףΪĸ׻شΪЩ£ͬʱҲΪ˾ġĸҽߣȻ޷ͨ͸ 
Ҳһλҽߣʱ˺ܶˣǣҲкܶ췦ġȴǿԼҼǵ÷ĵעĪǿ󡣡 
޸үɵĺҲԵˡ޻ڡΪҵң˽ңңҵˣŮҸ°ɡȴǳޣҲĶɱѫһᾡܣүͳһһ½ʹս 
үһֱַӣǷԷǶˣҲֻ֪һЩ侮ʯˡ 







»ʮ󣬰ڣҪٰл硣
һͿŵƽʣ˶ڻֳұ˴Էѡ紩·ѡһ׺ɫȹװ
үվſӭӿˣһֱԷҲ֪ЩͻķԷԷ˵û˵ġף֪˶ãֱ޺쿪ʼˣ߳ţŻķȥ
һֵ߽ϰֻǶĿңҵͷȥϵɫ
ϣԭˣôų֣չʾүýȢ𣿡Ϫǰ˵
̧ͷ˿ûУֻЩԾЩ
岻޸үһֱ𣬷򻹻ô˼**үأϪߵ˵
תͷ˵ı֣еµĿңеڴģ͵Цģ˿ѾΪ˵Цˡ
ʲôֶΣѾүˡ㲻ǣʲôֶΣҲɹˣңϪƵĿ
㣬ֻһﳼ֮ŮΪ㻹ǰһ𣬲ҪΪҲ֪޸үֻ뱣סһˡϪҧгݵĵҡ
ˣò߽ۡ˵
ү㣿ɻؿ
Ϫ˿ѾǱǱýȢŮӣֲ˵ʲô
үֻһ£˵ҲʲôϸءϪһָңһץסүĸ첲һ޹Ŀү
үӶĿһϪȻֱϪ֡
ùʾǱһػŮˣǱϧŮˣñָֻţ뺦ôҲԲ顣үᶨ˵ţɨһڳĿˣ˶ͷϾүͨɫűȨڳеҲСӡ
ϸһ˿΢Ц˿һУһĶҺõˣϧҵˣʲôʱվ󣬳ΪҵΪұܷĸ塣

лϵĸ裬ҵһξãԭĵġ
ԺһֱүʶദƬΡʶһظжΪˣ׹ΪҵģһеһУһֱлطšȻӴ࣬ȴ̫ĸж̫Ҳ֪Ƿ֪ҡֻҪһθһĵģôθоһġ
뺮ѫνУĵĶҰѣǣȴáôνУֻһġڣһڱˣҵĻȷʵѵıѡҲ׵ĶԱ˸ġ
Ƕүÿοҵоͻһ˿ΡҲ֪ҵģȴŽģܲƽҵ˽Ҳҵų
̧ۣųݵӣһְȫУһְСǰˣԶᱳңԶ
оҵߣĿңҶ˵Ҫˡ
ͳ֣ȴŵİޱȡҵ֣Ȼս
 
 
үһ߱ͣҹ 
̫ˣط˯ɡ˵ 
ҵͷԷķȥҸоһֱû뿪ңһֱûС 
ϷţҶڵϣ¡ 
ѾүһػŮˣȴûŬĽҵų 
ұͷţ᷿ķȥѾҹˣүĵƻţû˯ 
Ṧס˽Ųͱ˴ֽҹ⣬ǰۣƽæµšΪޣҴ֪࣬æҹҪҰ¶ģҪȥԴԴһ 
**ţѭң۾һ˿Ц⡣ 
ôˣôû˯ѯҡ 
ү㲻Ҳû˯˵Ҿ˯İָָеͷЦŻش 
Ҫ˯Ŀҡ 
ǰүô࣬ලүϢġ˵Ŵȥͷ˴ϡ 
Ǻðɣ˯ɣеҪڸǲסЦ⡣ 
áˬڴӦȻ۾ǲû˯ 




Ϥͼ


ҵϡ
һۣĿĿԡƬ̣ſڡ
˯𣿡ҵͷ
ǲǵƹ̫ˣ²š
Ҳǰɣүһ˯ɡӵĿ
Ц
Ҳˡ̽Ҳûƴǣ˴ϡ
˿ڵı˯þһĽ𣿡
ôǽأ쿪ʼҾүĹƤҩ˦˦ˡ
ǺðҾͲõĳΪĶǻˡ˵
иүǻҲʵʡ
ĳˣڴϽѵ鹫ӣŪ鷳ĳˣϪЩ𣿡
ֲҹƣ鷳ңǿŮ£ү᲻ϪȫǼʣܹ𣿡
Уֱֻ̫ϲԺ鷳ࡣ
ʲô鷳ɻš
ûʲôԺ֪ģڣ˯
Ҳ˵ļϣůԭҸô򵥡

޺ʲôʱˣո˯ѵң۾š
С㣬ǳʱүȥ糯ˣӦÿˡ޺ʵҲشˡ
֪ˣһ˰үĶԣԺ˯ˡ
ǣС㡣ү׼ã³үȥ̤ࡣ޺š
̤ࣿӦ»ǵãҶҪˡǸףһ£ڰѳ޺;ҲǳޣҲҪүúõ
ҴһȹڴԼ䡣ûɹΪԼһúõĻšΪүһֵĻšһУǵԸҲүԸ
һϮۣվڽԶ͸һְվƶ˵ˡ
û뵽㻹ǵóŵ̤డұЦʡ
һԾŶҺЦӡҿЦ
á˵
Ժÿ춼㲻Ҫӷ˿үֵЦŻش͸żᶨЦš
գ໥ˡ
ˣҺү¡
˿ϲɣ޾𣿡ȴ˳
ǰ㲻֪ȥ˶Ȥĵطڣ
޸Եˡ˵
ĵ۰ԼҲҸҿ˵
Цš
ү˿ȻѾ޸үүˣúչ㡣ȻҲүǻ̯鷳أֻյȫඡЦſĿա

ֻ죬ûע⵽ǷСߡ
ҸоΣյٽүѾҧˣѸеĳն롣
ҴѾŵߣǲߣı߸ϣȫɫģ߾綾
ѸٵүĳۣѥӣСںȻĳǰô࣬ţһڽһڵ³ɫѪֱʺ죬Ҳŷ
ôж𣿡үҵľٶǵĿҡ
ǣ߾綾ҧʱʲôоȵиоǣѾɣҲȲˡµ˵
㻹ﱾ𣿡ŷŭ
ι㲻ҪңΪ˾㣬ҪǱжһءߵ˵
Ƭ̣ԭӣһ˿¶ȣ˲תΪЦ⡣
˿û°ɡЦңҪߵߡ
㲻ҪȻѾ˫Żһӣˣǻظɡҷ߷ߵдŵǡ
үóŵ룬ΪģԱٻָ֪
޺һ޺ҵĻ
ү֡ұʩ㿪ʵ
˿ʲô𡱣ѯҡ
ǳ̤࣬ΪʲôүУô֪ܲߣ̧ͷ˼ؿ
һ֪ж鷳ˡЦشҡ
ҹʩȣԷӳҵķŭ
ҹɫУʮΧסǵ
 
 
С㣬ǱˡֻǼ֣ȴѾ֪ǵΣ˶࣬޺Ĺ򣬽Ǹڻ£ڵĻ㱨 
߶٣ʡʮ 
ǽڡү˵ 
үֻ޺һҪôӦǰΪ޺š 
󣬾浶֯ 
޺ǹ¾սİɡƺҵĵǣο 
һɱ룬һү£ϣԼγվߣүܶҲõ˽ 
Զ޺һӦʮ̿ͣȻĽܸߣǣҲǹѲڣ̿͵ĹҲСӣóǾϸѵġۿ޺һҪн̳ȥΣ¡ 
д̿Ͳүһ£гү̹ȥҾУһڽǰ˭֪ǰĴ̿ͼҺ󣬱ջ˳޺ǰĴ̿͡ǰΣס˴̿ͣЩץĴ̿ͣҧ˿еĶҩԾ 
˿û°ɡүǵҡ 
û£үҲû°ɡ 
û£Ժ󣬲ҪΪˡ 
үû£´οɾͲһˣүΪʲôЩ̿дأ 
Һɵؿľð 
ȻΣգֻ֤һЩ¡ƽ˵ 
һ 
үڿԺ˵˵үͼ˰ɣ 
ûע⵽ȥ޺ʱǴ̿дңǼΪʱȴջ˽˵ǲǺ֡ 
ţү˼Ǵ̿͵Ŀ㣬ңҲʡ 
˿ܴ޵ 
ǣȻҪүĺһأ 
Ҳ̿͵Ŀɱ˱ء̽ʡ 
߸ҵֲֵǮ 
ʵѫ㵹ĵġүĵ˵ 
ѵЩ¶ǺѫĿǰҴߡҷӳ 
Ŀ֮һ߹**ҲѲ˸ϵ 
үһǸ鷳˵ 
鷳Ըգˣ붼롣˵꣬ʾȨĽҵ֡ 
ĳů 
ү߶ûаߣԭΪ˲Դ̿͵ͼȻҲƲĻ֮ˣֻǣδƽˡ 





ڼ


ҹ
үʲôʱˣôû˯һæµ
˿˯ɣһϢĿҵϡ
һһ˵˵һˣү֪ǹ£ҲľعѰɡੲݵ˵ţǺ޷Ӧ˴ŵߡ
ôˣʵ
Ȼү˯ҲӦү԰ү˯Ҳ˯Ҽᶨؿ
ĿңҲֲ֪ң԰ұһϴ˯ˡ
үʲô£ôİ⼸죬ԽԽ࣬˯ҲԽԽˡҲʵ
߹أĿǰڶݽ׶Ρ
ѫոսֻλôżսɻʵ
ѫеûУ㲻𣿡˵
ϣүҺŵһɴζǺûǣϾҲʶһȻңƺҲ⣬ҲǣҲԭ¡ƤЦ
ҪСһЩҪˣһӱ߰ߵġ
үʧȥң
ô䵽ϡ
İɣүôͱأʧˣһҵıԸҪžҰҿЦš
ɵѾͷôñ˰ߣΣأḧҵң§ҵֱĵս
ůıҰ˯ֻͷһЩǡ
ү³ˡܳſӭ֪Ϊʲôܾû롣
ţ˿ʰһ£ҴѸ˵

үΪʲôôżҽǲǳʲô£ҿ
ϽǷѣջ۵**Ҳˣ̫ҽ޷Σԣȥûʲô취üͷóĵǡ
үôҵҽ̽Եʡ
ǶҽţǶš
ҰЦš

ϣһԵǵιҩ̫ҽǹǰ
үһͨһγΪȫĽ㡣
ڵϵ̫ҽԶΪҺүóһͨ·
ߵǰԸеϵ˼֣һԵɫ˼̧֡ͷֱϴ԰ͬϪһΪҵˡμȴûϴۡȴڸǲסƣ֮ɫأӦҹڻߣǼ۶ɵİɡ
ϵɫ԰ףȥʶѪƣḡúܣһͻһɫҰ԰ףܸǻҰէۿȥʲôаѧҽģȻῴʲô
̫ҽˣʻжˣѯʵ
ѾˣһֱԲȥʲô̫ҽش
죬Ǹʲôҩ
 
 
Щҩġ 
ҩģõҲǣ鲻ϵĲЩҩģκããҲβȻõġ 
Ǹλ̫ټҹͣǹ¡ټԭ**⻼ģԵѪʧߣҩ⣬ԼѩһЩȥҩģһһдҩ 
ϣҪмǣΪ͹¶壬һоԲˡҶ˵ 
ҲΪ¶ģֻδִսһ޲أ 
ؿһվүһֱû˵߹ս£Ҳһֱ֪ѾءζţүпսҾ͵үֿˡ 
 
үΪʲôҪұ߹صľأʵ 
ǲ㵣ǡ 
ү͵͵ңȥ߹ؿսɡҶ 
ѾԴȥر߹ˣպ˵š 
ߣҲʣү׼ҪҶأҵ 
㣬ûҪζ˵͵ 
ûãͿԲ˵;㲻ˣÿæҹܷҪߣһΪүһλڼСءҷ߷ߵ˵ 
޳ֱۣ§ڻȴ޷ѡˣȻҪ뿪ˣʵʵ㱾һɡԭѵңҲ 




װ


үˣڣһ뵽Ҫүֱ𼸸£ҵͷᡣ
Է
ү㻹˯ڴϣ۾Ŀо߹صͼ
㲻Ҳû˯۾Ŀűʲô
үͿˣҶ࿴㼸ҷ߷ߵ˵
ţҲ뿪㡣
үʹһȥɡͻȻð뷨ҿһ˿ϣ
СֻǶ̶֣ʹеϣ
ΪʲôҲүһɱа
оǲУûָһ
үҡ.ݣҲͲ˵ЩʲôˣҲɿڵġ
ǶؿգȻһȥͰؼɡ
һүͳˣȻ⼸ҾճҲǳеʱңһ뵽ڼһᡣδѾˣһ²үٻʱľҵʬˡ
үѾʰòˣ㿴ǲǻҪЩʲôҰʰõһᵽǰס˵ʵ
Щ¾ͽ˾ͺˣαԶء˵ȥ̣װǰУôŪĺǰһءĿңҪҾ۵ס
ҪʱҲһ뵽ҪĶ⣬ֲߣôܲ㣿ί˵ţ᲻ĵ
Ҵ滨СոյЦⱻѹתϧ벻ᡣȥϵᡣ
ܴȥΪİȫǡѫҪߣ֪һһ취ȥڻʳǣҲᱣ֤İȫͲᱻѫˣɲԼ߰Ū
үսôҲᵣЩҲүߣǲΣأү´ңİɡ
ԭ֮һİȫȴҪ£Ǳĵ¡
ˣү̣һˣ˽ҩĵɲҪСЩҩ˼ʮҩɵģѸֹѪٽ˿ڵϡĵܰ˯ߣͬʱԻסƽʱʱô˯о̣ϢˡЩһʹ˵ģһ˵ġһҪס˺ЩءУǸĵ̵ʱڻָҪǵðੲݵýš
˵ô࣬ûֻǺЦңһ֧Ƕţ١

ʤ飬һҪصʹ㡣ЦĶ˵
ҵֲ
үһ῭ģʹͣ춨ˡҵĿ
ôű
ŰүǴĿеս񣬲ɵôӦңһ˿һˡ
Щҩʲôģѯҡ
Щҩû֮أҲҪүκˡ
ˣӦ㣬Ҳɰ˵
үǰŸߣҾﻮ
޺ү糯ȥˣǰƻ¡Ѹٴ·š
޺Ѿ̽ˣʣµľǱȥ͵׳
ߣү˵ȥҾԼ͵͵ȥΪһеԺ
˳Ǳ񸮣͵׾
޺⣬·ôô󰡣ôָԼϵ˵
С㣬ѾСˡ
ˣͶԸŴɣʱİ취
ҽ͵ľСĲ˴£ɲү֡
үˣĲܴȥ𣿡һؿ
¶£С
ǺðɣȻ㲻ȥҪҿɲʯ
һҹû˯֪үҲû˯Ҳ˯Ϊүҳ˯ʱ뿪ү˯Ҽ
Ϊ˯ˣֱͨʱ䣬·һͷ뿪ˡ
С㣬үѾˡ͵ľײײųŵķȥ
үһ磬ٹٱۼڳſڣүҳŻң˩УȻ˸λվ
үǺͻһģүһװҵһμһͬң˿̵·һУӢ
 
 
վھǰһЯƾӡҵͷʱۣҡ߹˵仰ֻĴ 
㣬һٻŵͷҲ̧һԵ޺קקҡʾ̧ͷ̧ͷĿ⡣㣬ҲŵָָԼûиı˼ٶٵ˳ȥ 
·; 
վǰȴ̧ͷһ˿룬ǲܵġ 
ͱɤУûһ˿¶ȡ 
ĬĬظ߹ȥ 
˵Ϊİȫ㲻뱾һߡд𱸣Ҳų硣 
ǲүֿһȥǼ£İɡһҪͲסįһӺӳǽˣǶԲү㡣˵ˣҲүÿңս°ҪǰˣҲͳɺջˮˣʮԴҲáҰֻү߲ȫģʹȥ¡һΪ鷳ģҾһͨʿүɰдԴ˵ 
ĿңҸоҾҪүˡ 
ˣʹɡһͷԭҲΪˡ 
үңʥּҵĿ 
ˣȥ˵ 
ģүһµģˡûı֮ǰҰȿ 
·ʲôӡסҡ 
Ҿһͨʿûʲô·ɻ 
Ǳѵʿһϻ·汾 
ǵһɣҵĶǱءȥ 
Һ޺Ѹٻ·ֻŮװģүһˡ֪Ӧȥϡ 
һ·ϣȻս½һ·ǴүߣҲͲˡ 
ԶӪĺӱߣ໥ˣߵճ 
ĲĻӳǽ𣿡٩ʵ 
ҲᰡҸүǽүô㣬ҪʲôսˣҪô죿ʱүͲˡƤĻش 
ֻȢһУżᶨȻʲô춯صԣ֪үҵŵԣһء 





Ĵ


һ֧үҺү侲˹ʮɱһʵǵĵ϶վŶҩ߲ơүѸٰһһսȻүһˣȴռоԵơҶվںӱߣŴ򶷣ңǺѫˡִšֻҪֽҪҵ˾ͿˡүĹ˾ٶϼҲڻ¡
֮ļ죬ֻҪҺүԶӪͻѾֲˡֻǣүӵҵİȫˡ֪˱߹أ
һµıڵı߹ءԶǡ
ϾǱ߹أܶӣɳ죬¼ͣ治ţǿʢȻһ鲻ë֮ء
ү֮ȴǸæµսʿȥ츽ĵΣϻҪƶսƻÿ춼ææµµġҲӦðЩ飬ǣӪʰ벽ȫɭϵҺүӪʣһղݵĵط
үôæҰȥʿѡ
㣿ˣæùǺúôţñġ
ү㲻ұѫ㱣֤Ҳᱻ°ߵġұ֤˵
ҲȥҲȥᶨ˵
ү㿴ҰʿôʿڳǸб𣿡
׼˱᲻ͬҪ𣿡
үͬˡҸ˵غš
һҪָ㣬ŷġĿҡ
үҾ֪ˡ

ʿǵѵҵϸһ˿Цүױѵ棬Ȼ֮ľӣȻ
 
 
վڸ̨ϣľӣи˼ǿҵĵͶԶվöΣȴҵѵǵģһȱ㶼ûУǲ˵ʲôǣͻȻãӦðսʿǵġ 
֪Ƕүױ׷ү꣬үҲĹүĹѫУٲ˸λսʿĹ͡δսңҪЩΪҶˡֻһŮӣܽʲôѫǱ֤ҲһүһһɱУΣѡҵһλ䣬ֻսʿǶеĵǹںšܣЧүĿںšһλʹĴ 
һֱֻ۽§ϤĻүһοĿҡ 
ҪͱһɱУҡ 
ȻѾӦˣһүսҼᶨ˵ 
ү̫ˣæʲô˯ɡҲ 
˯ɣҪԣصĵΡ 
ԣأطҪѹ 
ǰԹǱұ֮أ鷳ǣѾ˺ʿؿڲǳţһխȡһǸɽһԨ밲ǣΨһĵ·ﾡǣһѽ⡣ôпȫû 
һοүģȴһæﲻϣûʲô 




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ϣүͬһȥʿѵٺ͸λһսƻүࡣȴһæҲﲻϡ룬һֱΪү鷳ҲΪүЩ¡ǣұӪڵǰÿϣүս£˯
ǰүֻĺԣصͼǼֵܼ⡣˵ѹͱڣֻоҲѣֱľӰţһôͲ롣ϸĻţǰ̸ҵһЩĹ٣ԱҲоǵСʱ򣬵Ա߿飬ҾʱҲҽһЩˣҲ֪һЩ
һǸɽһϿȣֻɽôһխխ·ƫƫһܹͨǵ·ֲүÿҹ£ʳ֪ζˡ
ʵҲǲܿ˷ͿүϲˡҼǵõ36ƣһƣɽҪҾһںԣôΣյĵطҾıһþĴҡһˣܻʤˡ
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˿ǲ뵽ʲô취ʵ
үǿɲһЩյУͬʱųϢ˵ʲôʱأȻǶֻųһЩˣ䵱ӣڼбȥʿǲǾͿ԰ȫˣҰҵ뷨˵ֻһĿңҲ֪ûҵ뷨̧֣ǰ˻Ρ
 
 
һɽһֱڿҪʲôս潻档û뵽ȴڲݺݵĴһ¡ѫҲ뵽ϰɡҵͷ 
ү˼ǣҵļƲ߻еͨͬõ˱һģεĿ 
ǣүЩյеʿûĻˡҵǵĿ 
˿սѪͲȡʤ 
˼ĵͷȻѾҪүһͬɱУͲپ 
˿˯ɣҪȥһЩ顣 
ȥıӰһ˿ͷ 
үԸܶһͳ£Ҳⲻսζһ죬ѫ潻սȻҺޣҡҲϣ£ˣʧȥ¡עҪүһߣΪҲ֪ʲôʱѾذһֱˡҲܿκһˡעǱмǸˡ 




ɳ


үҪȥյе𣿡ҹеʡ
ǰȥش
Һһȥҿᶨ˵ΣҲûԥֱӵ˵ͷ
վ󣬿ɳսʿǡ
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үû˵ֻǾعЩʿ
үԸȥ㵼䣬ҿɳϵȫүǵľġ
᲻֪һȥ㲻ٻˣǣǻԶӧȥҲòЩʿ
ҿ˿ү˿̵üͷ塣ﾡЩӡЩȫһֵܣǣȴòΪ˵ǡ
ڳӵվ𡣿ȴûһվ
ڳиĸվûվ
ҶĿЩˣѵǾ׵ȥ
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ǰȥץסĸ첲ףҵգЦһЦ
յ֮£ڸһ䡣ֻʱˡԽǵʱүԽæʱһҹӪʡѾûˡ⼸죬ǾҪչսˡʱأҲ쳣աʱϣα֤յеսʿþǷԾӪԣҪġ
ѾˣҵүܲˣԼȥһ
ҶԼ׼緹ƿӣ߽µľʡӪֻʣһˡ
үҴ緹ҿһƣĨһ˿ۡ
ˣЩ½бˡ֣еĲ̣¡
ѾûˣҾ㡣ƽ˵
ˣҫŹʡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷЦˡ
ս´󶨣ʹɽ֡
 
 
үĿϺһƽƽ𣿡Ҿʵ 
ţӦ㣬ʱһһȥķᶨɫ§뻳С 
үȳԷɣ׼ġҺЦ˵ 
һ𴲣ү׼սĶҪȥԣأΪһսҪүҸ棬һװӢ䲻ˣսϵĽӣȴҪһƽˣֵΪһ 
վյбǰ棬ĿЩսʿǡ 
һսλƵеĹؼȾλһˮơ˵ţһҿǣҲԶһһսʿҲоƺȾ 
үһȥֻӪż 
޺ȥүôôûûҽؿڣһֱӪⲽ 
С㣬Ǵ̣үȥʱѾⲻʮˡؿڡ 
޺ԣصҪһСľͻǣôСҲġ 
İɣС㣬үµġ޺ο˵ 
Ҳ֪֪ô𡣡Ȼŵǵ 
ʱ·һ͡. 




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үˡƿӪʵϤӰҸ˵Ŀں
˿ļƻӴȫʤһ۶Ҹ˵ӣﾡˡ
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үǹ˺ԣأ͵Ѿʤһ룬˲ҲŲ˶ð
ץ˳İգóȻȥǾͻɱǣ޹İգ˲ҪЩǡ
ôΣӦ޹աЩߡ
ǿʱõǳ£ֻʱ⡣˵ﲻһ˿¶ȣһ˿ϡ
ץİգֻΪҪЮүܹǷһ·ԽԽһЩΣǲ᲻֪үβ˶á
ȱΣ
ҿ׷зһ˿ɻǰ׷ǲģ⼸죬һֻһ׷˵ҳԲֻɻ
Ҵ޺űӪȥ緹ʱ䡣ʿҵĵӭӡҿŹ࣬һЩƮţΪһõˮҵüͷɵ塣
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޺˵Ҵ쿪ʼүԵһүʲôҾͳʲôҼᶨ˵š
 
 
үҪԼʳ˿һ𡣡 
ЦˣЦдų磬ͣο 
ǵؽǰү̸ 
ǲŵʳȱ춥ס˰ɣʱ̸Уǲġĵطԣ˵Щʲôҵֱңүҡ 
ү㻹İһԸðǺͰļǳأаϰյ㶼Ӧү֮һλү棬ѳ 
Ӧǰسǵ˰ɣûȵȣ˵ҪǵȳǳغͳڵİûɡΪ˲־֮ĶԻ 
϶ԱҲǰмӰүоǷ֮⡣ 
Ϊ˼ǳغͼģոǼǳأֻʱ⡣ү˵ 
ǾˣȻүһУүɣҿ˵ӪʳȱҲǰ˼˰ɡǺӵ˵ 
ʹ۽ҲԲſзżᶨɫ 
Ǻã¸ˣսټ˵ţǺ뿪үӪʡ 
ɡүĿڡ 
֪⣿ΨΨŵŵʡ 





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Դߵǰ
ү˽Ұҷ̵Ŀ
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ŽգȻ󲿷ֽʿѾȥǵľӪˣȻһЩʿسǡ 
үҶϣųǽϵһʿ 
ǵĽҷӪȫûǴ򿪳ţүǲһԵ˵Ǳı顣һŮӣҲ˱ݡҲǺ˵ġ 
үĿųǽسսʿĻңһλѾǻֽţϾ̽ӻرֻвǧʿˡ 
ǿţĿǲ𣿡һسǽʿȿʵ 
ȻҪȷųүԿڡȻүԿڣһʵ֣سǵĽʿҲĶˡ 
ҲǻжԼҵһƬ飬Ǽսʿվãƺ 
ǺðɣΪǴ򿪳ţ󣬰Ҳ׷߳ 
ųŴ󿪣үңһͬ˰ǡ 
ɻΪʲôүҪǷųա 
һֻүɹүңһ͵ϮأһȺʿŹĶǡǱ 
үؿڳʿǣǹҲͷһΧˡƺסˣһҲҶ 
ż֪˭һ£һǣ룬ˣҲһҲֵˡұ۾ȴٵģ˭֪һᣬȻǹڵϵҴ㵵ۣǹѾ롣ԭүаš 
Ӧĵб˴󵶣ǿֻǣǵĵ˲ңҳǣҲ֪ΪʲôҶˡүһһʽŵкҰγҲ뵽սС 
˿˻ȥΣաһӦǰĵˣһͷ˵ 
Ҳ˵һɱеġҾǿ˵ 
һ˲䣬ұǸϤĻ 
Ļôأ˿ĵˣĶ˵ 
ЦſڵһʱĻԱһӦŶĵˡ 
һĹǱɱΧȥ 








үسǽʿܣѾռ˰ǡֽ
Ȱٺðաšү˵
˿һֱԱңͻȻһ仰ҵ˼
һҪȥسǽҪҪȥѯš
ȥȥʲôϵһȥ֪һЩѫ¡үҲǿҵ˼ɡ
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үӢֻۣһȱļ󣬱Ҿȫûλ΢Ц˵
ҿǱܵķ²ǸˣүҲûΪ
ƺоҵĿ⣬Ŀҡ
ǴɰֲʶԣϧԹΪҵĿУȻ¶һ˿ɱ
л佱ŮӣȻ䲻Ϻϵģֻүһ𣬲ŵ԰ɣʮƥɡҺĻһ仰ֻүһ£֮ģһ̾Ϣ
γһֱ棬Ҳûи˵˼
ղŵ˼ǣȲǸѫֵʵ
ûУүӢٷ磬ôȲϺѫأĵĻش¶ȣǳԴˡ뵽ҵǸһ˿Ц
Ȼæµ˼죬еҲѾźˡλسǽѺػʶȺϷ䡣үһˣҲڼ뿪˰ǡ⼸ڱ߹صѾȲصúõ˯һˡ
ΪгѾôˣԣүҲһЩദʱ䡣ڱ߹صһӣҾ;үһÿæÿæǺɰүһ𣬾ֻܿҲˡ֪ԭһ˵İô΢

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үһĨڶϡ̧ͷûмˣûһ˿Ȼ΢ЦţȴܿĻ
ԭҲӭӣǱҰүСĵӦš򵥡
λɣȻǲò˰´ң治ݣһ΢΢һЦлү佱˵գұתͷȥٿ
үҵ֣ȨĿѽүҲǵģһǲڳԴװ
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Ҳμᡣ˵šҵ治ϧ
 
 
 
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΢ЦҲظһ΢ЦܾãǸΣյˣǵˣҲѡ 
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˵˴εյмƻġվ΢ЦضԻ˵ 
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ͻȻԭȼյĵƹͻȻϨ˿ֻ֮УֻҫոմеŮýɱ˹ֻڵײڰУͻȻ˽ץסҵ֡£Ǳĵ˵ 
Һүаţܿ죬־Ͱȫ֡ŵƹҫڵŮ˵ˣܵģҲҧ˿еĶ裬Ծˡһʿ̾ϢšɭϵĻʹܻôɱ֣ɼĻʹݲһ㰡 
ϣ̿־㱨Ŵ̿͵ѸϵѪ 
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үôᰡҲʵ 
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˼ĵͷײЦĿ⣬ҵĻӿͷܾãɱѲ˸ϵ 
ǳʹˣôѫһඡ֪Ҹһ˿ͷѫҪʲôΪʲôƫƫǶ뿪ʱصӦ÷ŵˣܲ򵥣Ҳвò 








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ճʱ׼ʱةฮſڣֻһˣ޺
ةฮŽգԴӵݺ󣬻ΪպиΪĸڷλĵطûнةฮ͸ˣةฮһֱҲûס˽ԼĺڣϾҵļҡ
ƿڵĴţŲ߽ȥûշľ󣬶ӲݴһߵԺӡڸ֮УĽŲҵ˼
ҼֻһˡһµӶ˵ǰӣһ˿ӿϡĺүĲͬһɱ
֪ˣм仰ҪҵҵﲻɣҲûٶ˵Щʲô
ſ޺˵Ϊ˷ֹϰ֮˶áǰӣ·ĲҲӦǸ֡
޺һעʱһûͻصڣҴһţøүסҪҡؽ
С㣬޺һȥɡ
ãǶ⣬үͲ֪ȥˣסҪҡ
żᶨ޺˽ңֻҪľһڣҲһ˿ı䡣ֻǶĵͷ
С㣬ҪСİ
ҵ˵ͷһԺ
ǰԺܻߣԺȴܸɾס
߽ӺܸɾҸᶨ֮ǰ뷨
һʱ䲻ˣô˰һڱ
ԭ㣬ôﲻססҼˣҷζʮ˵
˵ЦˣΪ˵
֪ʲôأʵ
ճɣ־Ͳ˵ˣ˵ˣҲ֪
Ŷɽ˵Ҳˡ֪ʲô°⡣
 
 
֪ة౻Ļ𣿡 
֪뽫ֻһ²ĿİɡҲŵĿ 
Ȼ 
佱һҵΪֹɻûһмֵĻء 
ʶ⣬ɡЦĿҡ 
ôǺϵļƲ𣿡̵ͬ 
ϵ˼ӵģǲӲ²⣬ʺλһֱţΪɡ 
˵Цˣôȥʲôʺأ 
ǾɲˡɫĿڡֻ֣Ļ߳һҳһһŮӡ 
ԾУֻŤһŶ˲䣬ҵһƬڰС 
Ӧýлʺˣʺ԰꣬غ 
ҳˣԲү˿ûĻֻһܻصߣһᾡӳȥġ 
ⱻһΧţص£ԣ۽һᡣ 




ʶı


ةฮԺ
޺һǵźԺȥʲԼҪΪʲôûмָСһͬǰأŲ޺һεȥСһ̣дοҺãСûгʲô¡
С㣬ˣûʲô°ɣ
û£ˣɡһĻشȴڸǲ˵ǡ

үҾСܲԾ޺εؽԼɻ˵˳
ôˣոϳɻʵ
СһֱڷϳţҽҲֻǵĻش𡣡
ȥ˲ûлµĹٷ첽Է
ءһ죬ű߿޺ȵؿǰҵķ䡣
˿ڸʲô䱸һ䡣
ǰŮӣ𾪵ı飬ĵЦ
үûʲô
ģһƬǽӣػɵɫ˼֡
ģү˰ɣȥѹٷ°ɡǰŮĸ첲Ŀ˷

ǰĿ¶ɱγϵ彣նǰŮӵĸ첲硣ȵŮӷӦѾ׹ڵϵԼĸ첲
ǰŮӲûЦ
ʲôʱ֪ġǰŮӲʵ
Ůˣ᲻֪𣿡Ŀ¶֮ɫ
˵ȥˣݺݵţ۾ɫƺҪǰ˳Ե
Ѿڱ߾ˣܸɵ˰ȻԼƤӵ£ԼŮŪˣЦţЦš
ΡһЩҲЩ
޺Ѹٵ棬Ž
Сͽŷ˹棬ŵλá磬ȥةฮԼʱŵλãΪ˶Ŀ޺˵һ顣
ĳ֣Ϊʱ䣬ͬʱҳŵڡ޺ԼĲ²˵һԵ
޺ʧٵϢڲΣաɫ˵ţһ˿һ˿
ұȥĻŻҵİһЩ֪ǰ;գõģΣһصߡŷؿڡ
ѾһϡȻѣԴѵĴ
ʺˡҿŴǰĳɽһ£ͬҵһμһ
ѾĻҴӻʳ°ߣĻǲǳҷ̵Ŀ
˵ʲôĩаԹԣĩһ䣬ҪܣںϺУһСģ뺣У¡..
лˡұŤͷȥߣҽֵطõ
 
 
վڼװϣһ޼ʵĴ󺣡治֪ʲôʱү紵ϣ˿ã۽ĵһᡣ 
ʺүˣڱ 
Ѹȥ۽ǵᣬһϢתͷȥӡ 
˭뽫ʲôϵ𣿡 
ֻһҪע塣 
ҲģӦôҰȫĴصɡ˵ 
Ǹ£һʧ֣ǶһҪǰͨй¶ȥ¾ͲֻһˡĿҡ 
⻰ʲô˼ɻʵ 
ѵ֪ǵϻϵĵܵܡͦΪ̫ӣͦλĳ˽µģԺ̫Żݺةడ˵Ϊϻ϶㡣 
ʶĺһ£ַסΦˣԼûеôѫĵ̫Ϊʲôͷһ˿ɣһ˿οҲʹɻ 
װ򾲵ʵѵΪϱ𣿲ҪҲŵġ 
ĩֻǸʵѣĩ޹ˡνĿڣ˵ĻҲȻѫҪߣͲҶгޡڣ֪ࡣ 
ʲôϵУ׳ʵࡣ 
ʺﲻĩĻ֪ĩҲġĿңΪҵ˼ 
ǣ֪𴩵ңֱֻӱ©Ŀġ 
Ļλ֣֮ڳʹʱʶԼֻҪʽغʻػλǩЭ޺á 
ҵĲ²࣬ĴɱŵģĿǵرȳɽӦϣǿдغ 
֪࣬صаɡһ롯ƣҲмۣصС 




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֪ѫ˵ҵһ˿ɣΪҲûбõôףҲûкĵĺѵļˡǣȴôĽүֿҲĥһǼţģүҴصߣһ뵽⣬ǹһ˿΢ЦУٴΡ
ҹһСһҺִСϵˣƾžṦ˴֮ϡ
ԺۣһۿľǺӡ
ôɽ˯ôȤ𣿡ҴȤʵ
ĩ֪Ϊˡ
Ŷ㵹˵˵ôһ˵ҵǲ˺档
㲻ǣҲǸ˶òдͷԣЩѰŮġ̾Ŀڡ
ҲֻǸѰŮӣֻװһˡһҪ˵Ļ
ΣҪصԶڻˣġ
ҿɲΪһصβᡣɫſڡ
̸ʱд˵ײ
ɽһﺣСǵ죬˿Ѿ˴һŵĻ
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û˵̧ͷɽѲӰҲãʡǸļһȴһ룬䵽һС
ҳһȫʧȥǡֽŲõšǸˣҵѨҶáվţŵ˭⣬Ҿͺˣȫһϻ˵кϴһʣǻһӢҪѺȥʲô˰ɡ뷨֣ҾһЩغҲлӳȥүؾۣȥͽҲүˡ֪Ҿ˲١
֣첻䱿ˡϤʶҵþˡժµɴͷӿǰδеĿġүҽ⿪ѨҲĿ
ôͲʶˣΣյؿҡ⿪ҵѨһѰӵ뻳СٴλصϤĻУҽץס֣ſңΪһΣˣʲôҲûˡҵĵǣοҵҪϹˣⲻΡų硣ҵͷֱҵ䰵ս·һӣҾͲˡҲѧĿο
ٶӣо֮ɫ
ү´ҲᵥжˡҺ˵
ɵʲôطرߡǷҵϣȥϵˮ
үѾҴ󴬣ķʻš
޺ſڵȴ޺Ҹ˵ȥ
С㣬޺ã޺ˡоΡ
ûˣүѾҾȻˡҰο۾ȴƮһԵ
 
 
Է 
үҪСĶλѵ 
֪̣֪ͳһƬ½ˣ½һͳһֻǸǵʥϡɫĶ˵ 
Ҳү˳ĽҴأҵҲʱƽûд̿ͣҲûмˡүûеġӦþ԰ɡ 
Ҳôпհһ֣ҷ̵ؿżŸ 
ԴүȫĴغ֮ǾҲûˡ 
ǰЩˣҲաұ߱⿴ 
ɱѽĿڣʲôϵһ 
ߣүǶЩʱ䣬ôסһɡ 
ǺⰡ޺ؿҡı飬ҾͶģ 
үףαأ 
֪̫࣬ǻɱ֮ġĿΣյĿҡ 
ҿʲôû˵һһЦת 
ҰģϺү֪ȴ̫ǣЩϡ氡үͻϲŮλ˹Ϣǲ򵥡ѫҲưոݣĵҹҪ 




Ҹ


үˡҿ³ɱȥԴӱȻԺҺҲ벻ˡ
Ҳؿү֮վһǰ˿λ˸㡱
˭˭ҵСɣͶȥΣյĿ⡣
ѵ޿ĳλҹ𣿡Ҳжϳߺˡһæ¹򣬿ȴһס
ү˵һλأҺĿڡ
ŴϤӰסˡ
Ϊʲôٴγ֡ԭΪҲټʹңԸһ£еļ䶼˸ͷСҲҡˡԣѾǺĻˣô޶˳ô£ѵʲôı
ҾȵؿҴ˿̵ɫ϶ѿ
ô˿ʶǺѫ˵ȥƣ׽ˡ
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˵ϡĸǣɫһҲǲϰɡ
үԽ𣿡תү˵
үһۣҵͷϾҲ֪˵ʲô
ðɣȻϿڣ뱾Ǿɽɡ
ʾȨ𣬲䵹ůůġ
˿𣿡ѫСĵҡ
ҺܺãлϹġòĻعȥһ仰
˿Ҫ˵𣿡ľ
ѫ֪⣬ѾңҲ֪ǱֻƽӣȫҺ𣿡ʹĿһжֻᷢһУ֮ĸ飬Ҷ⡣
˿Ҹһӵ֡˶˵
Ǹһ˿ЦھͺҸ
ҾãֻߣܻҸᶨ˵
ߣΪʲôֻƽҪԼഺûУûֹĶУЩܸ𣿡ҺЦĿ
Σ㣬ǲֵġĻůһֲĴ뵽ҵĶҲ˸սѫҲүߡ㣬˿עҪˣǷģٱֻүһˡ
Ҷſڵ̨ϣˮĵȴүĹѫʹǾû鷢ѫĻôҲ֪ʲô¡Ѿȥˣһпôƽǣƽ֮İӿأ
Ϊ˸ѫϴ׼ᡣᣬμ˼ΣˣΪѫ׼ģҲ֪Ը⿴Уٹֵı飬ƴǣûȥ
¹ˮϣװ׵˷ǺܿϧôãҴûйҹУҲҿԳĻᣬȥ͸͸ء޺Դϴʧٺ󣬱ԽԽˣȥԼӺԺǽﵽ˺ϡ
֪ԭôóԺġЩСԣһƷ¥ڵζȻܱȣбһζ
֪˶ãҸоеҪˣүظˡҲȥ֪ôˣֻҪ³ңͻһҡǱˣұѫߣҲ
үôŻҼװѣ۾
ͻˣȥˣɫҡ
ңҲûȥһֱ˯ءһ޹Ļش
 
 
Ϊȥ˽ء**˵ 
ʲôҲûȥԼԼе鲻̫Ծ˵Ĳԡ 
ôʲôʱôˣΣյҵ 
ûУүôȥıأĵ˵ 
ͺá 
޺ʲôʱˣ 
С㣬Ѿʱˡ 
ʱƽʱүϳѻˣô졭һûƲ⣬㱻һ󼱴ٻҵĽŲԷ 
ˣ־Χˣȥܼŵ˵ 
־Χҹ˲ö룬·ȥ 
ôˣô絽ͣװ򶨣ȴû⡣᲻үʲôΣգҹ˲ö룬ϸųĻػϣпԵõʲôϢ 
ͣٶ־ץɱˣ򶨣ǲǡֻĿҡ 
ʲôˣ𾪵š 
֪ҹûȥμᣬȵҵʱѾжˡ 
ж᣿ôأ 
־ʲôʱճˣҲУʦΧأҼװɻؿ֪һٰ 
˭Ѿ֪ˣֻ֤ˡ֪ɷñٽһѡ 
ѣѵʲô֤ݣǻϵּ𣿡 
лϵּ⡣ľеơǻ͡ 
ȻˣǾѲɡֲҲѲʲô 








վſڵȴţлӳ֪ϢʵûʲôͻƣͣˡһṤһλһҩˡţһЦץһĿҡĿ⣬˲ʱףмˣһαݺǰҩ붾ҩӦͬһ֡ڽˣ֪ء
Ǵѳģ붾Ķҩһޡ
ȻìͷֱָҺүġ
ڣһͬɡоǵ֮ɫǸʮСˡ
ҼүûлҼүߣΣ˸ڣһЩʱ䡣ϾΣա
үڹеȴھͿ뱾ٽҲҲʲôʱˣֻͬһ

ȴϰ£֪ʲô£ΪʲôһᱻĪĶλΪˡүüͷ֪̬ء
˵ҹʱ䣬ȥĹգԼĹСԴʲôôڴĻϿҡ
ϣҹ糼檲޲μӣôȥأɫĻش
ϣΪûвμҹ磬Բгʱɱ书˵ãȻʹɭϣʹӦǺܼ򵥵°ɡһԵĳͼӴ׵˵
ϣǺҹȥѯţܷŵһ˿˿
ֻһСŮ
ϣϵ֮ݳκһˣŮģҲһǳ檡
ѵƱ𣿱ٴԷѳ˶ĶҩĽ£֮⣬˭ɽɽׯĽأʵ
ǸСˣһѯʣֻҪһСģͻٲ
ҩ˼޻˴档еĲ²ƺԺ׵ıƷҾȵؿ˵үӦñӵġ˵пǣ۵Ҫ¡
үǴҪ𣿡鲻ʾʵ
¹ʣڼ䣬ģ
һֱڸСҲ˼Ļش
𣬿Ǿ̽ӻرҹǰصġɼûڸڡҾĿ飬Ǵ֪ء
ѵڼ𣿡ѹһ˿ŭпһ˿¶ȡǽһ¡漴ֻ΢Ц
ػ
ȻǣүˡĻشдһ˿ֻš
ϣȻڽƱ磬֤֤ڣҲݲϱڵϣϽҹΣжᡣ
бڣ˭Ҳߡүᶨ˵
үҴ㵵ؿôˣôô侲ⲻʶүһٹٵɫȻҲһղŵĳҲûڶ˵үǼġ
ûܽߣ԰ꡣϵĻĵĿڣ˲
 
 
ʹһɫүҲʲô˼ˣҵ˵ͷ 
ϣԩģЩѾҵ֤Σ԰ڳ֮ģԸΣнܵ顣ɫſڡ 
Ҳд⡣õ˻ϵĿ϶үΡ 
үôˣôô侲սǴһ徲ĵطүšΪѺҵ˶үţԵǿү˵仰 
ǹǿģһñ˴ġ 
үȫ𣿻᲻ʲô̰ҵǵʵ 
֪ˣڴ˵ôôȻİɣﶼǱϵţû˻ôġĿңָҵıͷ 
ţǾˣǰҲȥˡүһҪСİҵǵĿڡ 
ģ£ʱҪúչԼգȻоȳᶨĿڡ 
ЦŵͷүһǧһţΪ۷ʲôΪҵ 
үҵ㡣 
߽Σһжûиı䣬ֻ˷ǡұŽɾһӡΪطֻһˡԴ׼ˣүֵ֪ýˡεģ͵ġ 
Ƕүš£ԷԸǡһԵ˵ 
ллǣʱһǵġ΢ЦĻش𡣿үѾΪҰźһˡ 
ڸɾĴϣ£κС¶ûзŹݺҵԤıѾˣȴû֪أ򲻻ôɵ㡣ҵָƣǿ¡ѫϻûлس»᲻йϵأ 





ټİ


ţֻԽԽɴ˯
Уоһ˫ĸҵǸоǰҵϧıԺĿڡүֻоȵûˡһжζѡ
Ҵ㵵۾һλ½۵ӡһ˸ŲΪ֪Ĺâ
ѫҲһ
ˡ۾ҲʶĹâȡ֮ģº͵΢Ц
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һҹޱ̤ʵ
۾ʱүѾ뿪ˡұصϡı⣬Ѿ֪ҪǺ׵¡죬ӦҪ˰ɡ֣һ㶼ţΪү˵ΣҴߡ
 
 
Ųӣ߽Ŵ΢Ц˿еģ͵ġҺЦĿһүѾᡣ 
ϣ΢Ѿ㹻֤֤޹ġҲŵĿվڴмзżᶨɫ 
Ŷ˵˵϶˵ 
ϣʬ壬ԭжĽ¡ҩǿйµġﲢûжҩȴ綾һһ˵ţҶүĻ˼֡ 
˿ҹʱνͣһԵĳæƻظү 
үû˵ֻϴһˡı飬ǱģӿտգǸʧ۵ˡҾȵǣȻһһòһģһҴ˿̹ڴϣôڳ˶ 
ϵˣ˲ʱôһ¡ǲҰ׵ҶʱףѾϴԩˡ 
߳Ҿĸү档 
˿պѫسӦûûгȥɡǰߵͻȻת˵ 
ˡҵ˵ 
ǰȥɡһ˿ᡣ 
ˣҲȥˡ 
Ϊʲô˿֪֮仹ġɫʵ 
ȥôأǶԼȻʱ֪úòãҲֻ֮ĹġѲүӺ˿Ͽ˻𣿡һ֮ǰ˵ӵĿ 
뿪᲻ϧһдۣرߡ 
ǰȥأѾˣĹңΣһҪأںҸˣʹȥҲԹˡ̧ͷ죬ƵҵҵʵһƵᣬγԶ 
׷粨 





׷粨


û˵ϪϿˣ죬ĻѾˡ
˰ɣ֪˼һʼҵ¡
㲻ţҸڻʹﵱרµġ
һŻ̸š
ףѫΪʲôҪϪءû˵֮ʲôҲòϢʵԡǿ˵ӣҵЩˡҵԽ֤һ¡
һ󹬣Ϳ๬ŮѺ͵ȥɻ󣬱ŹŮһѺ͵ȥոţͿһλ޵ô滨ŮӶڵϡⲻϪ𣿿ҴѾ֪Ϣʵˡ
ôˣϪǰеʵ
ߣ˿ˣҾҪԶ޺ˣҲвˣǲǣǱӰɡ㿴ˣԹˡ˵
Ǳ˼ѹűòĵĽš
ˣֻ·㡣޹Ŀ
ٺģ
ûҷŭѾһĺǳŭҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
ˣϪϵһӣѾ
ҲǺģαҪŭ˼ϡ
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Щ£һ˲ţԡϵȵˣ㻹ޡ
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ʲôҪү͡ҲҿڡһүͣҲҪүֱ
üá
֣ϪǰֻôһҪֶ׼ɡ
Ͽ˿ңᵽΪѵɫ
ðɣּ⣬պԻϪǰס
ϸذĿһ͡Ǻ޲óһ¡ˣҲҪˣԺҲ米ģģһΰɡ
˾ְ
㬵߳Ѻ͵߳ʹһ·߻һ뵽Ҫүֿ쳣ζ
үҪպϪǰסҴſڡ
ţ֪ںҷŭ㾿֪֪ʲô
İɣܿġϵĿڣ˲١
үҪˣ㻤͵˭
ӵΣյĿ⣬߹ֻסҵҶ
İɣһ͹ˡ
Ȼﲻã仰ǵЦһ¡
үҿɲԺһȥ
 
 
ΰУ̫յΪ尡ǵĿڡ 
Ϊ̫壬ҲãүҲȥ̣ҲõġңϪҲ˳ۣһ·ȥͲȥɡ 
үҪЩҵ㡣Ҳÿڡ 
Ͽġ 
صƣ˯ 
գת˲š 
޺үѾ𣿡Եı䣬ҿʵ 
С㣬үҽ㣬Ѿˡ 
һˣĨɡ 
޺Ҫȥ׷ȴѾɵߡ 
ٵϣҲ񱼡 
.ǰƺƵһˡ 
ǰϵ˵Ļҿ뿴һա 
˿ôˣӣ۵ʵ 
㰡Ҷ࿴㼸ۣȻ㲻һᣬҾ׷ˡҲĿڡ 
ǲᡣοĿڣȥ۽µᡣ 
үҪƽƽĿڡ 
ģҪúչԼ˵꣬ѸҴ͵һǡ۵Ц⣬΢졣۾һڳҲһľȣǴûүɡ 
үǵģôءҺߵӣãҶһǡĶ˵ȱҵͷ󣬾ͿȥıӰתȥĨϵᡣʹȥ 




·


ӣÿ춼ҪȥʹΪ̫Ϊ̫**ˣټϳڵӣǼ׵°Ͽÿ챼ʹ֮䣬ݾӴҲʱΪ̫ΡүѾȥ˰ˡÿ춼аӼŸңϵǺУǼүˣҾв֪ʱѾô
ϤּиүһĵεΡҵˣһ֪򸴺ҰүϢүǰ
𣿡ѭȥһƵӣĵ֮
ڿүš΢ЦŻش
ѡ޸ޣǸȷѡ񡣡Ŀڣڸǵˡ
ҲɡңҸ
ܸΪʲô𣿡ѯʵ
ʹ˵һ󹬵Ķ̫Ůӣһ׹Ԩʬ嶼Ҳˡ
˵Щ᲻סŮӣӦӦþֹĶСɫſڡ
ԻϷŹҡ
һЦ̧ͷк¹⡣ү͵ʯֺν⣿޹ط¡ү˿̣ڸأ
ջ
һɫĽۣվڴ¡˿֪һһЦ
˵ˣҲٰˣˡڴϵϪŶĮĺ˷ŭĿڡ
Ϫʹ鹦һ𣿡ĮĿڣѪζ
ϴɱ£Ȼ˿ˣضȻұΪĻѾûˣҾҪΪĻʺˡϪЩŭ
 
 
ԹҪסλᡣЦſڣëȻ 
˴ӻͳһµĴƿ 
סֻҪбͳ׳ΪˣλãԶ𣿡ȻϪѾ״ƿеҩҩԡסλᣬÿѵķ䣬գΣʧˣٴߣһҪΪˡ 
Ǹһ˿Цѣķ䡣æµһǧһѵɡ 
ϪĬĬߵߣѷϡδڣֻѱϪЦԭ˶ɣܳѡû뵽Ȼô򵥡ԼϾҪΪˡ 
վһߵһҪվһͷΣ׹ϣҺַšץؿڣɫͨ죬ŷǳʹ¡Ϫ΢΢һЦأҩѾ˰ɡȥȴһƿ 
ʲôĿڡ 
ûʲôүеĲǶɷġϪȻĿڡ 
ֻǰһƬڣһѪȾ˰ɫʣ̱ڵϡ 







̫ĲѾҪˣֻҪעٳʳҪȾ纮ͺˡ̫һһɫҲϲ֣ҵͿҪˣүأүڵˣ
ҿ첽ܵԺڴݾӵĵطûүšŮ˵ûšﻹ룬ǲŪˣ;ȥҹµĹһʣǴ𰸣Ҳһһ˿
죬ҵõҲͬĴ𰸣үôöдŵģѵǣүˣҸ׼ȥһϣѾһ˱ԺһΪѵı飬֪²׿ڵĴ𰸡
˿үڿջжˡΪѵĿڣ̬ء
жôôˡҽʵɫһѿ
ڻûʲô£һֱڻԡ
޺ȥүѾڻõĶԻתͷ˱Ժֻʣ»һ˿ҵıӰ
Ҳ񱼣ȥүǧҪͦס˿᲻һд۾ģҲһһ·ϣҳĬʱ޺ΪҵģΪүġ֪˵Ҳүߵġ
ӺүڵĵطҪ£ǣֻٶȵҹ̣ȥ˵εʱ䣬Ҳү뿪ңܡ
ջ
˵⾿ô£ҵʲôҩϪˮź˵Ĳӷŭʡ
Ѿˣһôߣҵİɡĵصš
ǰ
ϪᣬΪ塣Ϊʲôһл
үϪûҪ㰡Ϫ㰡ϪֻΪһҪѰһҪѰǰӣϪ
ƥԭ15·9ϵүжĵ12죬үߡŴɫ԰׵ӣҲʣ⻹Ǹᵫȴү𣿹˲ٶ룬סҪġ
̽̽ϢҪǿȻ΢ȴΣգҲҪѸٽⶾһޣ췦ˡ
С㣬үôһԵ޺ʵ
ˮ¡
үôжģ
үϪѺ󣬱ѪˡҲһǡ
үĶܽ𣿡ٴʵ
ⶾҽⲻˡԼ
˶ֻõ˲ܽ⣬޴󰭣ֻҪһޣᶾ˵
¶˿ǹ˵֪Щʲôһ仰ңֻҪܾүʲôҶԸԡ
ƿԱ߷ţϪסķ䣬˿ȥݿա˰죬ȴһϣҲˣұ޾ĺڰСһصүķ䡣ϣնҺǻˣȥҾߵүߣ壬Ѻ˱ǡҾᣬүôȥ۸ʲôۣҶȥ
ؿڴߣա︡һ˿ᡣûүʲôֻ޾鷳ж֮£ҲѲ˸ϵɡֻܾصţ¶֮һĿĵġүأһеõЩʲôҵңԤУһҡ
 
 
ҹڰУҽү֡ 
ɣȻңαأĿڡ 
Ȼܴҽ̸ġ 
µģȻĿģ˵ɡȻؿڡ 
ڻ˵ʱ캣¼ʱһʹүʹҩ裬ǽҩסֻһ 
 
үĶȻ޴󰭣󶾷ʱ䣬ҲˡһҪʱ֮ڣҵүİ취ΣҲң 
쵽ʱˣŵԣһ캣¡캣¡죬ǺܽǺӦ˵İɡ 
Ȼŵԡ 
Ѿˣ˵ɡЩżϾûʲôүҪ 
żΪүⶾˣѾջˡ 
һûдӦء𾪵Ŀڡ 
ȻѾˣͱѾӦˡ 
˵ʲôһֲԤС 
Ҽһ档 
ãҸȥҷ߷ߵظں棬֪ûô򵥡 







̫ĲѾҪˣֻҪעٳʳҪȾ纮ͺˡ̫һһɫҲϲ֣ҵͿҪˣүأүڵˣ
ҿ첽ܵԺڴݾӵĵطûүšŮ˵ûšﻹ룬ǲŪˣ;ȥҹµĹһʣǴ𰸣Ҳһһ˿
죬ҵõҲͬĴ𰸣үôöдŵģѵǣүˣҸ׼ȥһϣѾһ˱ԺһΪѵı飬֪²׿ڵĴ𰸡
˿үڿջжˡΪѵĿڣ̬ء
жôôˡҽʵɫһѿ
ڻûʲô£һֱڻԡ
޺ȥүѾڻõĶԻתͷ˱Ժֻʣ»һ˿ҵıӰ
Ҳ񱼣ȥүǧҪͦס˿᲻һд۾ģҲһһ·ϣҳĬʱ޺ΪҵģΪүġ֪˵Ҳүߵġ
ӺүڵĵطҪ£ǣֻٶȵҹ̣ȥ˵εʱ䣬Ҳү뿪ңܡ
ջ
˵⾿ô£ҵʲôҩϪˮź˵Ĳӷŭʡ
Ѿˣһôߣҵİɡĵصš
ǰ
ϪᣬΪ塣Ϊʲôһл
үϪûҪ㰡Ϫ㰡ϪֻΪһҪѰһҪѰǰӣϪ
ƥԭ15·9ϵүжĵ12죬үߡŴɫ԰׵ӣҲʣ⻹Ǹᵫȴү𣿹˲ٶ룬סҪġ
̽̽ϢҪǿȻ΢ȴΣգҲҪѸٽⶾһޣ췦ˡ
С㣬үôһԵ޺ʵ
ˮ¡
үôжģ
үϪѺ󣬱ѪˡҲһǡ
үĶܽ𣿡ٴʵ
ⶾҽⲻˡԼ
˶ֻõ˲ܽ⣬޴󰭣ֻҪһޣᶾ˵
¶˿ǹ˵֪Щʲôһ仰ңֻҪܾүʲôҶԸԡ
ƿԱ߷ţϪסķ䣬˿ȥݿա˰죬ȴһϣҲˣұ޾ĺڰСһصүķ䡣ϣնҺǻˣȥҾߵүߣ壬Ѻ˱ǡҾᣬүôȥ۸ʲôۣҶȥ
ؿڴߣա︡һ˿ᡣûүʲôֻ޾鷳ж֮£ҲѲ˸ϵɡֻܾصţ¶֮һĿĵġүأһеõЩʲôҵңԤУһҡ
 
 
ҹڰУҽү֡ 
ɣȻңαأĿڡ 
Ȼܴҽ̸ġ 
µģȻĿģ˵ɡȻؿڡ 
ڻ˵ʱ캣¼ʱһʹүʹҩ裬ǽҩסֻһ 
 
үĶȻ޴󰭣󶾷ʱ䣬ҲˡһҪʱ֮ڣҵүİ취ΣҲң 
쵽ʱˣŵԣһ캣¡캣¡죬ǺܽǺӦ˵İɡ 
Ȼŵԡ 
Ѿˣ˵ɡЩżϾûʲôүҪ 
żΪүⶾˣѾջˡ 
һûдӦء𾪵Ŀڡ 
ȻѾˣͱѾӦˡ 
˵ʲôһֲԤС 
Ҽһ档 
ãҸȥҷ߷ߵظں棬֪ûô򵥡 




Ļ


ţ߽һůӡֻһͨĸۡڲȴǼƷǧѻıӵˣȻѰ֮ˡ
˿ڿˡһĨɫӰĻº͵Ц崺磬һҵһμһ
ѫģ뵽һȻ
޾Ҫˣ񡣡
ַô򵥣԰ɣѫң㾿Ҫʲôץӣŵؿ
Ϸ˵㡣İɣֻҪµġУҪߣˣĶܽ⡣ֻҪڽⶾĹУ˿ͣ٣ûˡĵĿڣȻ۾ﻹ崺΢Цǣȴʶˡ
һ䣬˳ȥ
Ҵڴ£ҪʲôѾˡΣҲү¡
ҿһҹѾûˮ
С㣬ϴһ£һӻ㡣
ſڵѸ򵥵һ¡ʱΣҪ򶨡
ˡѫеʵȺ۾Ŀİ˼֡
šĻشͷת⡣
ʰʰһǻϹǡɵĿڡ
ȥϹǡҪʲôϹǣǺĶǣѵֻǻȥ
͵컻
ݲаʣѾ뿪ıӰıˣʲô
ջѾ׼ãųſڵķһۣˮүһ𣬲֪ʲôʱټһҪû°ֻţǲſټֻţǲпܹƽҸ
ҾϵڶĺѫŤͷķ羰ȥ
 
 
źѫ߽ʳǡȻȻĺãҲǺܸԣģĿЦѫҲǻ˺ܶѪǻ꣬ʵĸѾɹһܸɵˡ 
ٹѵӭӣǲСǰżλ޾µŮˣӦþѫˡ 
ұڻʹĳа֣һˣӦǲסڹġˣ棬֪үôˣûСһ뵽⣬ұǼͷᡣ 
ôˣʵؿڣȴǿ϶ġ 
һɫĳ֮һοۣĸоĻҪõĻλĶѾõˣʲôûеأ 
ǡҿ϶ĿڣηĶӡûֻǶһ󣬵˵ĻܾʣúϢɡ˵꣬˳ȥ 
̱ϣֽץסֵ󴦡Ϣһ£ϸ̽̽һ˿ӿ治֪ϲǡ 
Ҿڵϣһҹ 





͵컻


ϣйŮΪϴΪҴͷΡҴŻ·վھǰŷϼԼû˸о˼άѾˡҲ֪ѫҴҪʲôҪʲôֻҪܾүʲôҲΪѾһˡֻǶţŻž۵Ļᡣ
˵ע£Ȼ
ͬ⣬޽ӭȢСϪΪʺ󡣡˵ţݸҡ
ϪԭȫļƻҪϪףҪүͣүж߹أ͵컻ȢʺǺüƲߡӦ뵽ҲϪҲҪʲôʺҲҪҪ.
оҵĲҵķŭҵİˣҽҪ˵ڣû˵ڵĻߵҵߣ
Բ𣬲һͦ㣬һĶҪȫĿǰˣʲôʱѾôԶˡҲĿɡֻǰûпѣΪԼҪģֶΡ
û˵ֻǿһ˱ݡ֪ںȴ֪ʺģһˣֻûΪ̫ܿұţҵʹ
ļ£ϲ֡˵Ѿû̫塣ֻ촹һ죬һžۡʹԺһƬڰү˵ĶԣûˣһжȻ
ܶϲֵ巿ûˮһжĸԸġΪ˽žۣԸҲ֪õҸ
ѫ߽巿ĺ۳աӻ֣һ֪Ȥūǹţȥ
ңѫ˵ֻһһںűľơŤͷ뿴ݡ
ѾҵĻʺˡĿڡ
Ҳ㣬ʹҲڡҾϵ˵
 
 
㲻ң𣿡վ˫ĿȺĿҡѹŭ 
ǡҺηĿ 
Ϊʲô˭ٵ֮һУһͺڸǲסİˡ 
㣬ٵģֻٵġһһ˵Ҳ֪Լʱôģȥ˺ 
һԱߵ顣ҴĿһ˱ݡ 
˵㣬ҾԲ֡˵Լľġ 
ץסҲߡҿŴ˵ 
ҪôҲΪҰˡſȥԸ̤ѩźʺ󡣡 
ҿϣ¹͸ӣҵҵϡķ紵ѹͺͺĹһľɫ 








Ѿһ˰ɣҴûгаšһ£·һҴӰҹִӺҹ죬һݡҴӲֻ֪ҹʱ
ⷢ
̫ˣҲ˸ơ
̤ѩСĽβ˹ҡҪҪϢһ¡
ˣȥϢһɡĻش
̤ѩ˼ūֻǿ̫ˣۣ,.̤ϻ̳ϿֵĽͣ۵Ĵϡû˼Ϊ˰οǿһ˿΢Ц
ЦÿҪ춼Цͺˡһϡ
ӣ﷭һ˿ʹжûЦˣڿԼЦӣˡаǺĵطˡ紫ԣһ죬ϾͷȻȥ֮ҲûнаҲûʺ󵱻¡Ҳãѵ徲
ū澸ﲻˡһԵ̤ѩ˼ӣæĹ
û£ûвġվȥ̤ѩֻǰһƬڰ̱Һһ˫Ĵּʱס׹塣ѣ䣬еǵ
۾ѫڴǰҵ֣ۡ
ˡĿڣѹֲסǡ
šæİҷסͷ
µˡ
֪ҵĻӦ
Ͳɱ𣿡Ҵıʵ
£ǣҲʧȥҡ
Ŀңû˵
 
 
̤ѩúչ˻ʺڻ޵ãҪչˣһ©ˡ 
Ҿȵؿܻӣû뵽˵ĺӡ 
ģҵĺӣҪ룬һе𾪣ſҵĶ˵ 
ѫ̤ѩ֮⣬û֪סѫǲҳΪЩɵжڱҵĺӡȻû˿аֻҺ̤ѩ֪ÿҹĽ˦ؿ˯ʹҲƣֻƽƽ 
ҿŴѩǲ⸡ֳһ˿Ц⡣ںǺܿѩġһˣʹ죬ҲٻῴѩŲӣſȥǰС̫ѸٵѩҲ̲סҪȥͶˡ 
ôվⰡ̫ӵġ̤ѩŻܹ̿ 
û¶һЩɨѩһЩǮɣֲ׵ġұ˵ߡѩ죬һ°ɡ 
󹬾ˡ̤ѩЦ˵ 
Ŷѵ˶𣿡 
սò֪󹬵ɶŻϵĳ谮ڻǰһӣǶԴūǣִġֻãǷŭı飬ҲЦһЦǰ󹬣һ̲ˮˣȷʵˮȡοȨƵūء 




󹬼һ


檲μʺһҵ˼Ҵǰ޵ŮӣӦѫĳλɡ
֪λ󣬿Ƿ¶Ӧָذɡ檸ոյ»ӣºǻȴ󲿷ֵ̿𶼰ĳаҵĺӣڻڶ÷ءҶĿƣӦƴܵ׼ˡ
ȻˣͶЩȥɡҵĿڡ
ŵĿңӦ벻ˬĴӦɡұȻԴס
̤ѩ˿ңҪ˵ʲôȴû˵תȥԥľ̿ȥˡ
ллʺˡõľ̿ԥЦ˵ǲ˭֪ǸܳĻʺǰԥܳ裬ֵ»ӣ󣬲ʺģŮӣҼˡŮˣŮ˺οΪŮˡ
Ȼǵľ̿°ɡһ˻֣ﾡǲм
һлҪ˵̬ȣ͸ǲм
ʺһÿŲŲ֪˭ó裬˭ʧơϲ˭㣬ȴÿţǶĽѽε˼ֽơ
ֻԼģ뱾޹أȻԥۣϴְԼȥ乬񱾹徻һҵĿڡҪʢŭ˰ɣҸǲһҲںЩںʲôʺ
ԥ䵭̬һ
ȻĹβȥãѴ˼ŭ
бۿ˿ûҿڡԥ𡣡ʮ
ԥҲһ㶣˵ĸѫ밲ҿǰԥһѸٵЦŮӶǿŻı˵ģǣ̫ɱ
ԥԺ󣬲׼ʺĹһԥһһۣתˡҸһ˿Цͬ顣ÿڶթ֮Уװ׵˷ഺ˷ҾһŮӡ
αǿ
ʲôѫؿҡ
ûʲôֻǸпǵ˰ˡ˵Ŀڡ
 
 
Լѡ񡣡ûһ˿¶ȵĻͷһ䡣 
޽ 
Ͻ 
ͬʱڡ 
޽㣬ڻڻУǶȴһһųָģ·֪ÿڵʲôĵϢ 
ģ̫ˡЦſڣɨȥ˶ԥ 
̤ѩ˼ˣҪȥߡ 
ϳˣ̤ѩ˵ɨ 
ҺЦֱʵѾͷǰҡ 




󹬼


Ƕ죬ѩȻ䣬ȴˡڹϡ£ûйʹҰԼˡ
÷԰ʲôطҿļ֣ʵ
ŶǺϲͬĻ÷żͣã࣬ϺϲｨһԺӣר÷
ԭǽȥɡԺȥ
е㣬ͬĻһζֻǵģȴ˺׵ģ۵ģɫҲǵġĺܴ࣬һȾһ
ϣⲻǻʺ𣿡Ӭͻ飬ֱˡ
һͷŨױĨŮӣûͬ顣ӣֶǺѫӰɡš
ʺһۣأϲԽʺĹǸԥ
ԥĹ𣿲麮ͻǵ
ԥ˵ǵģԸ
ʺƽʱûʱģΪϲǼźţ죬æ͵УųġεεҵĹͷˣ治֪ѫÿŮˣĸо
Ҵ㵵ؿǰʢװŮӣıӣɵͣϸ׵ƤǸӡ̤ѩСҶ߽ǰλں˵ģǵó
ǰƽʱǺУȲϼλôæµоǲмҲ̼ңǿ֪ġ
ȻУܹ֮ܺ°ɡʡһСС󹬡ĿڣﾡǷ̡
һҲѽӻùǲǣÿ춼ҪһӿɾûùˡҵðѺһԽ
Ըź뵣˲µкֺܶ࣬αܵ߿أ۾һбոյı顣
߿ࣿѵΪ߿𣿡һߣﾡǲ
߿࣬ѵ򱾹Ƶ𣿡ĿһӣԭȻʧһ˿ɫ
檲ҡѾȥ˸ոյİ˼ֻҡ
ǼȲ߿࣬ҲƣôҪʲôأҼװʵ
檣ʺ밲
 
 
ˣ밲Ͳˣһ徲ĶӾˡɫĿڣﲻʧϡ 
̤ѩң˵ֻǺܾȡ֪ھɫƽңôһ档 
֪кܶ˶λҲкܶΪʺֻһλó衣֪ԻȻпʤκ֮λõˣ˵ǲǰԥƵľҵҪ˵⣬ôش 
ȻͻȻŵˣɫһ䣬ӡҪʺһηҶӡ 
ǸŮǿˣĬĬ̾ϧȴû֮УÿŶթĶǡ 
ԥѾλܾˣǲҪλλҵЦţϷĿ 
һժͷϲϸȨķΣݸԥȻʺûзΣǲеġ 
ңֿеķΣû˸ղǰɫ 
ԥΪβӰ׷ʵ 
檣檲˼ʺǱ֮ǰ˲١ 
ﰵЦԹŵľǴĻλŮˣԥٱҲóȻŷΡ 
ȻˣԺԥͲҪˡǻ֮ˣң಻̡˵꣬ȥ 




´ѽ


̤ѩ첽׷ҡŻϵĳ谮ӣںкаԵܴ͵
ʵǱԲֻ󹬷Ӱˡˣλһֱû˵˭ҿںʵֻһˣйͻ
ŶλҪλʵö֮࣬ˣѲµʲô̤ѩ˵
һִоѡߵӰ˼֡
˯Ȥ𣿡ҺĿʵ
˵쵥˺λ㣬ʲôˣЦſڡ
ǻϿʲôˣ
޵ĻʺѴµˡЦſڡ
ֻ֡Ҷ˵š
úЪŰɣҵĺӣɾôڡٿʱǱӰ
ϲ磬ҪҪȥ
бۿȥɣȥȥɡҿֿ˿ԵĹŮǡҲǮȥɡôһ˵ŮǶ˵ܿˡǵĿ֣жĽǰССĿ֣׻õĿ֡
бſϣѩգɵաҲǺģֻϧһ˹ڣЩįġүأˮԽĵ
֨֨ĽŲԽԽˡҺ棬ʱˣ˭أ
תͷȺ̤ѩ㲻ȥСǹ
ūôĽһ˹أū澽ŷ˼ϲĲˣ갡ū澺һڡ︡ж֮У˭϶һλܳĻʺ󸶳أѾͷ뾲СֵĿڣϵӡ
´ѽڣūףԶ̤֡ѩһƣһ
ãԶ֡ҲƱᣬ˿ơ
Ȼϲ˵ǰѽ̤ѩ⡣
֪ǣѾаˡŵŵĿڡ
һĵġ
ǷֿģʲôĵģҲĿڡҪ˵ǼٵģǺѫƫƫͺ޲
ĵˣضǷඣ˵˵𡣡ı飬΢΢ЦЦһƣһлһһΡ
ŨŨĽü߸ߵıӣ֪𣬺кӳÿ۾һЦůġǣȴЦ˿Զһӣᣬֻһܿͣסһǵôȴ֪ںδ
įı飬̤ѩӵ˵Բ̤ѩ죬˲¡
û¡Ĩȥеᣬ΢Ц̤ѩҳôãһû˭ء
ð̫ˣū澺ﳪ衣֣ڴĿҡ
ߵǰ£ָ٣еıࡣ
磬¹
ƯڣһĨ
꣬ܲ͸ֽ
Ƕڣһҳ
ֹɽĸ
˭һ̸Ũһ
þȥпδǰ
µ
 
 
𣬷ֻǷޱ 
ɢ£ 
ѿݣ裬ֻǴɫ̫ǳ 
į˲࡭. 
ʲô裿ū澴û 
Լдģϲҽ㰡һϲĿڡ 
ðū澺ܱġ 
аﴫһƬȻ̤ѩûȫѧᣬ죬ȴҽĵһˡһϤӰŵ 
Һ̤ѩˣſ˯һ磬̤ѩ˯Ҳûźҡ 
̤ѩôҲϵ㰡ҺЦڡ 
ûи㵵ĿڡǾӦĸС̫ˡ 
ʺ󡣡һεĺ·ȥ 
ǰһĨӰȴ֪Щʲô۾һҹ￴ 
ʺﳪ裬Ƕˣ֪ô 
Ҳʵ 
ʺﲻ֪ߣϿΪ裬ǶˡǰԹԵ˵š磬Ȼ 
ټ̫ 
̤ѩûз֮ĵطԼѾЩ΢΢¡Ķӡ 
һĹۣ̫ 
̫ʱȥˣ಻֪ˡ 





ټ̫


Ĺ
̫ǰ𣿡һĨݵӰҿڵ
㰡뵽ǶϪһ£ϻָ̬
ֻ챣Һ˳ûʲôڵģһУΪѫĿڡ
Ϊѫɢ˴õԵѫʹУķṦΰ𣿡ҲĿʵ
ֻ¡ܲôˡ
ΪǿɶĻλ֮ҪˣҪˣҵѾΪˡʹĿڡ
λ֮ûнĻӲưոݣѫҲܵа
ѲټƽЩֻкƽҰʯСϵع£Ѿƽ
߳ĹۣԭΪᾲģȴû뵽ҸˣѫĴĬĬصͷš
μʺ̧ͷǰҲӡĺܺÿһЩѫ̤ѩҶ߽ĻӣĿү
ض񡣡ҿĻؾš
Żʺ޾󹬣һˡʵЦգϵ񣬶Ϊڿ佱㣬ڤڤ֮УܸоҵĲˣǰʣ⡣Ļ
ˡҲ̫ӴҲû˵ʲô
ʺһ棬ѡνȴûмֻڴ֮ռһ档
𣿡Ȼ׽Կ«ʲôҩɡ
û£ֻݼһ¶ѡĻش
û£ǱͻعˡҺ޲ðȾܣǺһֺܲĸоңҲӦǵˡ
һ̫ĻѫܰհλԽԽȹˡ̫˵ⷬǺأ棬ҵӣˡ
ٲԽԽˣǴţԼеСһ﾿ģ᲻ˣкŮţͻᣬ֪үڹô֪֪֪֪ѾǺѫĻʺ֪֪ѾϪһδ֪
ѫÿҹңȻǳ˯ŵʱһҶֻ֪֪磬Ȼʺ󡣺˭֪ϸҵĳаᶼмһ¡ҲãʡһЩԴ׵ҵ徲
еĲϣȻŮ죬ǻϣܴԼ·һĸ׵ΰɡһŲơ
 
 
ˣѲ̤ѩ 
Ѳߣȥһ·첽Ĺȥ 
ԶԶɫڹתѫڣżҲýµѩҿ첽ȥ 
˿ôˣѫңܸˣһЩ֡ 
ҽȥɣҲоȡ˲˽ȥӳģʹɵϵź飬ɫ죬ھһʹ¡ǰɫ˲һ䡣˳ȥ 
ѫҳܾȵؿҡ 
ڻڼ˶ӦޣֻȻûȴикܴ˺޵ζ˽ڣֻܱסһȽȥɣ㡣סʹɫ˵ 
ѫһ£漴ؿһۣ߽˹ 
Ҵվ棬˲ĺ䣬Ϊ䡣û޵ģѲͲ⡣ΪɶȨ֮Ҫˣ׻Ҫˣʹı۾ΧŮ 
Ƭ̣ѫ۾ӹ 
˿˵㡣ʹ˵š 
ҵͷŹȥҵĵ˶ӣʰ 
ҪӲãҪҶҼеؿڣʱѾǸѳˣϸƽЦ֮Ҳơ 





ĸ


ʺ֮ǰ£ǳײﲻҪ֡ϷϵĹâ
û£ӣҪġҰοſڣﱧŵӤ֪ѡ
ϾҪˣ֪󹬶թûгֵεˣֻлʺ檣иһ¡϶Ŀڣֹסĵ䡣
˵ɣֻҪһӦ㡣
ѺӴߣúøֻŻ檵ĺӣҪӦңúõɲšĻҲѾֻܵͷסĵͷԼסĻеĺӣ㣬ҲӦģҲĸˣҶиܡ
ҵͷЦաлﲻҪú۸Ҫúôƽһ˵ͷҴӦ㣬һɲšҼᶨĿڣ޷ܾһĸ׵Ҫ
ЦšãﲻҪҵֻ˵ѲǧҪ֪Ǳģ֪˭ֻϣܹƽҪΪұ𣬻Ϊȡֻ֡ǵЦţ֮ˣȥһᡣ
ֻǵͷһֱͷοı۾Ǹһ˿Ц
ұźӣʵ߳ƫѫֻߵߣӵҡᣬ̧ͷʹӡ֡
һ롰ͽС㡯ɣ˲㡣
ұźصаŻ˯յ䡣Ӱ֪֪ĸΪʧȥԼΪ㣬˱Ļᡣ
Ϊа˺ܶ໶֣еĹ˶ϲ۾۵һĹӡϧܿԼĶӳˡңҲԼǸ
ѫÿ³аϾĸѾˣȱٸ
 
 
ѫرź˯գиԳʹ 
𣿡ʵ 
ܹԣҾסҲ֪ν˵仰ѾԼĺˡ 
ܺã 
ǣֻԼĺӡأҲҵĺ𣿡Ҳš 
ģҵĺӡϿҵĻظң˵жǼٵġ 
Ҷĵ˵ͷỨ֡ 
̤ѩҲϲιһЩС㣬Ǳ¡̫СܳԸ㡣ƽĹȥʱƽţھ⼸졣ϸļţÿ춼Сļ¼ÿı仯ѾȲ뿴ҸѾʮµСһʲôˡ 
аǻʹɭϵĵطҲΪ˱ٴηÿаˣҪƣҵĳаıܲ͸ӾƽĹš 





ı


ʵ̲סˣ̤ѩ⼸е̫ˡò߳аҸ˵˵š
⼸ҪˣǲҪ߶ĺáǵؿڡ
û£ԹԵ˵ţûע⵽̤ѩǵǵı顣
ҿ֨֨ĲŽµѩΪСĺȲʡֻҹ㣬
ߣô׵ľˣڻʺҲˣϧû취ȥҲû취ȥˣѵҪǸ𣿡һεݺݵ˵š
ģ˵ˣʰǸʺֻҪùþˡģӻġ˲һ
һǼ˺֣һµ
һԵ̤ѩľгһ˲䣬ǶѾ̸ߵĴСźݶ²ܰһλС˵İŮǰĶϵһ̤ѩѾŵòˣǵģǰӴһ䣬˲
ʺﶼʲôˣݶı飬һĿҡ
֪࣬ıˡ򶨵Ŀڡ
Ȼǻʺ󰡣ˣ򶨡Цš
ˣһ˭ءҼƵ˵š
㻹Ӳˡû취֣ڵãԼˡ˵ţݸԱһӣĵ׼ʬΡ
ŵ£Ҳ㡣̤ѩŵǰ桰ҪɱɱҡϵĿڡҿмᶨɫ
̤ѩ㵼䣬קصǰ̤ѩ𾪵Ŀյеĵһ𡣹Ǹ֣·ϾܿҼѵţ֧ʱһůĻһĨɫӰǰӽֻһŵѪζһģһţͻ˳а
ۣۡءҼţǼ˺ѫץҵ֡ҽҧŴѪζ
˿Ҫҧѫҽţĸ첲̽ǰѾûǣҺݺݵҧĸ첲ۣۣ..ءʹؽţץűӣһʹϯ
۾һֱڴߵĺѫļǵĵǣԼֱ۸ңңܻسаʹʱ־ɫ.ҶļǵáǣԲҸ㰮顣һᣬ˳۽¡
ӦҵϢĿתؿңоԵ֮ɫ
 
 
ˣ𣿡еؿڣ۵ˡ 
ҡҡͷˡһЦ 
ǵģһиǿﾡ֡ 
ûгǿҲʵķ 
ʮģӰɡ԰ô죬ûпء 
̤ѩ۰ر˺ӡ֣СĺǻǸŮãġҵںǷཱུСϣǸοЦѫҲһȰؿǰŮҼţ 
ϣСְɡ̤ѩѵ 
˿˵ʲôãѫڴĿҡ 
šͽС桯ɣݵ˼˵ҵĴ𰸡 
ãСͽ档˵ؿڣĸС·ı 
ҹҾվ£нʯǳ 




̹ʹ


ҸӺ棬еǵĺӿֵıţһѱֻӿƽ
ʡ۵ҿǰһĨɫӰ΢΢һЦ
ԺҪô죬ĸᵣĵġ
֪ˣʡЦӭȥĿѫ
ˣѾˡһֱߣչӡ˿ܵһңҸһҡֻ࣬Լ֪
ССӸѧˡ̤ѩ΢΢ĿڣЦĿǰӡ
߰ɣѧˡЦſڣǰѫĺӡ
ĸ󣬸ʲŸոջɲԲѧǺú㸸ʡС˵
̧ۿ˿ѫһεı顣ЦſڡǺðɣһΣ²ΪҳĿӡ
𣿡ź˯˵Ŀյ԰ʯϡȿʵ
ãЩˣĹĶڱ߹£Ҳѣġ
ĵҰĺܴҪСĲǰҵǵĿڡȻ꣬ѫѹſһġ
עǣҪСİҲǵĶ˵
ɫʣվ£ʯ֪ʱټ档ҲѾԵҽסʯˣʱ޿̲ʱ޿̡ĵʹѾ꣬ѵҵѡǴ𣿲Ҵûкڹ
ˣഩЩ·ɡ̤ѩһ磬ҾػͷѾ첻ٵ̤ѩһ˿ж
̤ѩһɡߣ̧ͷա
̤ѩ𣿡ҿʵ
밡̤ѩѾûмˣΪ˾ңѾˡ˵Ŀڡ
ҿǰԶЦյŮҵĵطļҡ
㵵ؿҡҲȥˮӣǻᴥǸҶ
Ҳû˵ֻǰָұϡһֱΪġΪһУǿϣ޷ĨȥġѫҵĺãҵĺǻҲǿϵģ˵ĶҶֻܻ飬ȴԶ
̤ѩŵ
ʲôаƽʱģοӦûʲôɡﰵĴš
̤ѩɡҵĿڣȴ˺档
 
 
յʲô𣿡ɫʵ 
˵С쵽ˣССӴһЩóԵĺģΪﰡкЦ 
ǱλӶлүˡҿĿڡ 
֪ү˷ʹʲôջ񰡣ȥ˼ֲ˳ӣҾ̸ 
ˣʺĹʺ󲻱صǣգͿԼˡ 
ˣɻĿʵ 
ǰﻹ֪ɡһֱر߹صүҪʹǩѺԼˡһ˵ؿҡ 
ү򸾣ˡͷɫҰס 
岻ү̸̤ѩһѪȾ˰ɫӡ 
ôˣ̤ѩ˷龰æһˮżҪȥ̫ҽס֣ˮ˳˳ 
£ֻһʱļģѪӣûµġҷŴߣšбڴϡ̤ѩһ˴һʹڡǵĿ˿ң˳ȥҳ̾һ̱ڵϡ 
ʲôôסѵһеԣֻĭʹı۾ˮŰ̹ĵʹӿͳѾģһҲ뿪ҵʯݺݵˤȥҵһڵϡˣʲôûˡ 




治ʶ


ôˡ̤ѩŴϻԲѵңǵʵ
ſţ˯ˡѫĿⲻĿҡ߬űˤʯƬ۵Ŀңӿʹɫ
̤ѩõĹʯԭеƬ̤ѩĿҡ
еһĻһĻôϤڣѾˣˡ
ڵʯϣȻǴ죬ҵȴǧѩһĺ
̤ѩں˵ﻹǻعɡ
¶Ĳ򹬵Ʋ
һʺҪһμӭ򸾵𣿡ӭĺѫĵĿڡ
ȥȥʲôãֻİˡǣˣĺ뿴ôǣѾҡ
ϲҾͷļ˰ɡתͷŹȥ
žеգˣȻû̫ı仯Ѿڸǲס졣
һԵ̤ѩ̾ǰѾûĵĴԼˡΪҪ
һ߳ѵһԵĺѫңȻҲһָƽֻһĨʹɫ
ϣʺݵѫŵڵٹ٣ҲǶҡΪҴϯֻǣҲûôҡҿŵһŻŵλӣ㶵ġ
ѫ£ֽң·һһĽץҡ
 
 
ĿſڡϤգϤı飬Ϥᡣ䣬Ҳ仯˲٣üӢҲǰԵøᡣ۾һĿǰˣ֪ģҽӲ˻ȥԱߵҡҷȶˣ˵ӣҪҵǿöࡣһ£ָֻ˳̬ 
̧ͷ˵һ˲䣬ǵ񽻴һȴİûһ顣Цѵ꾹ȻԽһ˸ıô 
үضɡѫĿ˵ 
˴αǰΪƽԻسŵ֮꣬սﲻһ˿ĸ顣 
ؿѫļϣɫҰףؿڡѫĿҡǲǲ 
ҵͷҽعһ˹ûע⵽˿ҲԼؿڣʹӡ 
ǲ̤ѩңߡŲԵˮ棬絶ʡˣʶˡʹסؿڡڲݵϣץߵʯӶȥʱѾĶ 
Ųûȥ˭ˡ 




ԸҸ


Ǻǰһû䡣㵼䣬Ѿʧ˷ڻʹѫ⣬û֪
Ҵ㵵Ŀڡ
ЦڡңֻǿЦš
ң°ɡʵʵ֪үϢ
үǰж˶һ˸ʦκáǴӴ֮Ҳ㣬Ҳøˡٶٵ˵
ʧˣҴ㵵Ŀڡ
үһֱϻص˵ãһҪĶŪˣͶǶһֱػʳǡ֪
ڵô£ĺ֪𰸡
ֽСŮֽǰиүչվ飬ˡ
վ飿ЦڣҸ𣿡Һʵ
ҲɡĿڣֻһ˿ġҲΪ̰ʺ֮λ뿪үİɡ
㲻Ҫǽյ̸й¶κˡҿڵ
İɣҲй¶䡣
ҵͷ٣֪ҸͿˡˣأ
޺أЩǡ
Դʧٺһֱ㣬ڣҲֹͣ
ɲ԰ҵĿڡ
áҵͷ٣£οһЩ
̸֪һСڴϣסᣬȻҵѡ񣬾ͲҪڡܻţҸĻţӦǶİοɡֿʲôأ
뺰̤ѩȴֹסһҵؿԡ̤ѩݸһˮֻһڣȴһѪȣ³һѪʹ̱ڴϣֻƤǧأۣȴֵֻĽк
..̫ҽ.
ʯС·ϣһƬڡǰĵƹ⣬ϲ߽ӣѫʹվڻҤǰ棬˳ն¡վţվҡһҳһһŮӡԾ˻УһƻƮɫƿϣʱƿϳһλµľɫŮӡ
Ҿѣ⣬ΪʲôʵҲͷϵĺƫͷѫ׵
ʺ󾿾ʲôѫϵ
 
 
ػϣʺֻǸȾ˷纮˼ҩ󣬲ûкתˡ 
Ϊʲô飿ѫǷŭ 
⣬̤ѩʺﰴʱҩ𣿡̫ҽЩ 
ʺÿηҩūԱߣҩûκβ̤ѩЩǡ 
ʲô֢״̫ҽǵʵ 
ǺҩѪֻ˵ѪᣬūǣҲû롣 
ϳɣﲻֻǷ纮ô򵥡һԵ̫ҽ 
βûʺҪȫᡣѫǷŭ 
ˣû£ĲβõģˣҲ̤ʵˡſ˳ 
ҾΪᡣѫŷŭҺ 
ȻȥӰֿ˿ѾԭõʯѹҪѫעҪˡ 
ʺû°ɣһԵ̫ҽڵϣҶʯֵʵ 
ûˣԺ󣬲ٸҩˣ㲡εˡҳڰοǰѾ̫ҽ 





Ů


ѿˡ̤ѩ涣ĸȡ
𣿡бۿŴľɫʱ꣬ʮ֧֧Ǵ𣿰ĪĴ죬һм
̤ѩ·оҵˣҵѾмûȥˡ
ӣԣһкӡ
ϡ̤ѩұ֪ѫˡԴϴζҺ󣬾Ҳûаͬǣ滹һŲҺĻͷоȻһᣬ·ϣûʲôۡ
ʺ˵岻ãҾүһϾ硣ǧ˲Σϻʹ͵ģлѪ֮ЧǰЦȻŮӣﷺһ˿ʹԭˡ
лˡЦȴڵѪҲ쳣ҧ졣
˿үǹվҪˡѫĶ˵ٵЦһǰ˺Ƶĸоǣһ룬ֺγء
ɡ̤ѩ衣Цɫƽĸӿȡ
ϣʺǸ˶ѫ佱
ǰѾˣȴûһ˿ı䡣ֽң۾ȴƽ
ҿ۾һҲ뿪ǣȴźֵҡϤǺ档ͻȻ۾ûƵĺװŵĸոոԭõʯϡʲôȴĮ
ʹؿڣŵϽȥûʧ̬ϣү岻ʣȥҽŵȭͷ£Ҫǳţȴѫסˡǰͷؿһʯһҡ.
ĸ󡣡Сһ岻ʣ鷿񣬻æҡ
ĸҪ尡һԵĺҲ԰׵ɫ˵
ĸҪúβҪĸءһԵҲ
ĸû£Ҫޡ㣬ж᲻ᵯԺ£Ҫᣬ֪𣿡ҿӣ۵˵
ţˡȥᣬѾ˼ǿɫ
ĵ˵ͷӣ͸ҵɡ
⼸죬һֱ뿪ңϣҽº˯Ҳǽ̸ǵ֪ʶڻ㱨ʱһĦ⼸죬֣ܿҲҸоϣҲˣȥ֧
԰С׽Բءʯ˼ŻҪҪϣͻȻĿҵע⡣ţѰӰӡ
 
 
лл塣ĽӵϷ𣬲ϵᡣ 
л´Σ׼ôˣ֪𣿡оǳ磬վڽǰŮ龰¡֪ǰСŮⰡ 
ĸ󡣡ҵӰӣæұҵ֣Ҵǰ 
лүҿĿڣۣȥᡣ 
ﲻؿĺ𣿡 
ǣꡣҵĿڽšʹϣ֪һ£ҲǺõġ 
ܿɰٿˣʹСӡҿóĺϲҲǣѪŨˮʹ֪ڤڤ֮УҲһָӦġ 
ĸôˡֵı֣ǵĿڡ 
ûУĸˣ´ΣҪܵô죬֪𣿡Ҳеᡣ 
֪ĸҪޣ´βˡ֤ſڡ 
˳ų۹շڶеʯĿͣʹ࣬ʲôżҪǡҲóʲôˡҸͺãңȥҸ 





Ȼس


סңȻѾһ˿ҡһ±飬ԡ
ǲǰ棿ŵĿڣңҪôش
үˣǵȻǰĹǰʱү͡ҹ򶨵Ļش
һЩŵɫ۾ﲻҪ£ҺҪ
ΪʵˣүҪɡתͷӿħĥҵĶħû뵽ȴֱס
еʯʲôиһҺϤɫ
ҿ˿еʯǻʹ͸ģֻһͨʯү죬Ҳ֡治ɫĻش
ɫָƽҵҲ
㾿˭ΪʲôҵܳһƵıӰ㾿˭ͻȻץסҵļŵֿ
˭Ůˣ㺢ӵĸף˭Լ㲻壬Ҿ˭
үֻǱӰѣүûκιϵүעһ档ҾϵĿڡһ仰˼ɣץҸ첲֣ˡ
**ʧ̬ˣʺﲻҪָɫ
ˣүسүΪ롣æ˵˼׻ת˳ȥ
ֹ˼죬⼸죬б£ţ֪Щʲô
˵үջسٹٶȥˣԥȥˣҪҪȥ̤ѩõСϢ
ȥˣ˼һسȥʲôҼװν˵
ҷеķ𾭣̤ѩҵ߰ɡ
԰ɫͷڸǲסˡĴ죬ԭӵеġڣȴӵˡûˣһжȻ
ţҾȻ֪˳ǽƺƵĻس飬Ҳ֪ʵһֱûз¡ӢıӰĮı顣ҲңֻǣǶڱ˴ˡ
ǰػһۡǽϵңһ£Ȼȥһֱڡֱһϡ
˿عɡҿǰѫȨˣΨǰԶǰˣԶᡣ
΢΢һЦţһȥɡתͷ³ǽ
ĿҵıӰ֪ʲô
뿪ҾΪӣúõȥİÿ֮󣬾ȥһ飬Ȼ󣬽ɣ滭ӣҲǲֺҾãӣͬϣ
ĸѧЩԺǲǾͿһΪһŮǴ۾ָǰ٣εĿҡ
ȻˣֻҪúѧ黭ͨˡЦŻش
ĸ뵱ŮŮ壬ԱԼĸ󡣡˵Ĵ־
ˣЦԭҵ־ڴ˰
ĸԺǡ˴־ԼҲȲվ˳
ãҵͺ뱣ĸǿҸǣʿ˫ȫġҳؿǰС˶
 
 
˭ڿްЦ 
ʡӿٵܵѫߣҪѫǵıӣ 
ԭǻʺҰоЦ⣬·صǰ 
˼ЦӦǰˡ 
ʽ̺书òãܱĸˡɫĿڡ 
ѧ书ѫĿڡ 
ǡᶨĵ˵ͷѫңƺҪ֤һ¡ 
ҪңҲѧءҺЦſڡ 
ŶðǺܿģܵ𣿡ѫ̽Եʵ 
¡ 
¡ͬʱĿڣҺѫЦ 
áѫһڴӦ 
ͺһߵĲݵϣȽǴȭҿ۵ӰӲĶĵЦѫҲǣжûЦˡԴҽҾûпĵЦҲһУΪҵĴڰɡ 
ҹҶվ£еʯԶˡҸⲻҵԸ𣿼ʹҸУҲֵˡ˵£ŵ£ֻǾǸطǷ˵̫࣬ൽꡣѫİûӶǣֲЩʲôү룬Ѿûкˣִģֻζѡ 
ؿǰɫӴƽ 





ìܺͽ


Ҳϣźʫʷۣȴһ֮СʫŴʫݡǼĺӣǴм䣬ѾԿӱضǲ֮ˡǺֻ꣬ȴѾ˳˱Ȳϵؽ󣬲ѫĶӡӣҺѫҲеοˡ
̤ѩŻŵܽ
ôˣ̤ѩ˵ṳ̈ѩ
ԥⳳҪʺҲġ
ŶɡҵĻӦ̤ѩѾмܲסˣѫΪƽķȨƣòȢһЩеǳس֮ŮеĹ֮Լݵĸ߹̫óĻʺơѾֲˡѫǺûʥּܽа
ԥˡҿǰϤŮӣһЩԾȥŰʣյǶһЩƽ͡
ԥյʲô𣿡ҵĿڣʲô£ҶѾܴˡ
ʺԶô徻˵ľԥ΢Цſҡ
ʵֻҪͿ徻ɫĻشԱߵ̤ѩԽԥ̬ȴΪ⡣ȷʵĵ˵
ʲôûʲôһֱΪЩעģһģǿġǵ
ǰעϵģˣʮ֮һԣҽǺͽġŲæ˵
ͽ⣿һԵ̤ѩ֪ľг־ʧ̬ס͡
 
 
ԥҶ𣿡**ſڣƣҾѾµˡ 
ҶӮʺģľ㣬죬ϵҹȾƣʱû֣ʱʼұ֪䡣ϣúõĹӡ 
ǰνĹ͢ǰĸ 
Ҳİ취ֻûиʵʩľͲˡЦſڣа㲻ʵƽľǶԵģҪԼԼۣҲۣʵʵ 
ԥһУǵƣҫҶûйһ˿𶯣ǽԥĵȴмѹ󹬵ŮӣֻһˣǾǻϣȴֻҡǣӦúҵģЩÿһλǰƣҫŮӣҶûֻһֱ⣬ǶԺеŮӶѵֻΪȨ֮ʲô˼ŮˣŮ˺οΪŮˡ 
ţڴ˯ˡ 







캮ˣҪЩ·̤ѩֻһ˵
ûˣ̤ѩȥϢɡǲ̤ѩ߲ӰʯԶˡ㻹¼Һᣬſڴǰ
еϤϢĬȻĻͷ˼ĺˣȪӿһȻعͷȥжٸĳгֻ֣ͽġ
ż죬ʶ𣿡ҼػͷүҲĿڡ
Ϥ֮ɫҸصˡҼվҲرסңңһ죬ˡҵһŬûа׷ѡ
𣿡Ҽؿڡ
ûУûֻ֪ǱˣҪˣû㡣˵彩ֱˣѸƿΥĻ᲻ĵûмңֻϤҡ
뱾߰ɣ֪Ҳǰҵġеϲֳ
үԼǱʹ𣿡⣬ֱʡ
ǡ϶ĻشҵĲ˼֡ǻʹʹ书ٺãҲǺΣյģôҪ
үԼǱʹǷ°߻ʺϼԶˣҿһĨɫû˶ԲߣүȫˣϼѡҾԲ£Ѵǡ
 
 
ҽ߽ժͷϵķȥһ˳˷һְ§ڻҰ֣ԼĲϡҲǲ죬ҵݸɫҲ˲ҵ˼Ҳһ֪ѱˡٵͷҶһġ 
ΪЮ˻ʺ󣬾ȫ𣿡ѫĵ˵оԺ֮ɫ 
ϣҪǻʺҪǱҪҲûа㺦֮ɫϾҲ֪Ҷѫԣ塣 
Ṧҳ˻ʹϾ֣óȻ£ѫҲûп벽룬ֵǮ 
ϣı§ңݵů֪Լ𰸵ģûмҲߵġмͥΣаӡҿǷѫǣǸżɽƺԶ޷صǰˡҴûڹѡ񣬿ҸҲҸġ 
µͿˣĵȴ... 




Դ


ˣСѯҡ
ţģΧİľɫҲɻ
ǵļҡĿڣڸǲסϲΡ
ңⲻƺҵɻﲻǺı߾˺ܾãҵһĵطԺǵļˡ
ҲסһػʹĮĿڣҲʹ࣬Ψһİ취Ҳһػʹ˴˾ˮˮҲʹࡣ
˵ʲôŵĿҡ룬һúöģֻһˣһ𰲰ȵضȹᶨ˵ǰұĵطҪһУһеĸңమ
үΪʲôΪҾŮأҵʵ
оǴ˵ġڻʹÿμ㣬һĵʹһصĻҲסԹԵýȫûпҵɫ
үƾ𣿡ָϵҵĻ
ȻǣʯУҶĸоҿѾȥﷺһ˿ԶöáԶķţԽһôһֱƽȥ
İɣﺮѫҵġһҵ£ҸΪԼһˣ˽һΡȻ޷ѫ޷ӣΪҶΡۿԼףȴϣѫ֪ҵĲǶȴǶһĺã缺飬͹һһӵˡǣܲҲΪԼ˽һΡ
 
 
ΪԼ˽һΣһΣҲ׷֣Ǿͨӣƽӡǲٷֿˣʹ֣ҲὫߣ롣Ϧ£һ໥ˣΨҸ 
԰ֻˣҲҵĵǶģѾһ£ҲûҵľãһҪƽҸĶȹ 
ճϢ򵥶ƽֻǶ̶̵ļʮ죬ȴһУҸġ 
ҹ䣬վڴߵĺڰҲ֪δҪԵģʲôŴ˯ԽԽᶨʲô˭޷赲ҺͳһѾˣ֪жãѫͻҵǣʱԵģӦѵľɣǣвѾдΣҲǰһѡһҲҪ˴˳˼֮ࡣ 




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ԶĻѣһҲ֣վˡң߳ӣзżᶨɫǷһ˿΢Цһֵˡ
ֻҪϷ˻ʺ˵ݵĻصǰĿзŹɫ
䲻֪ĹʲôүҲشԼżٴʥּŶ԰к޾֮ɫһ˿Ц
үȻǺܴץ˻ʺ󣬾вʵۣλ͡о䡣
ôţץңûλ𣿡Ҳʵʵ
ԻζʲôװϪףиݰģΪƣ±һùļƲ߻Ҫࡣ
λľôҪ𣿱֮黹Ҫ𣿰ҲʵһֱףĻʲô˼
ǻʵǷҵ̫࣬ɷѿģһУøѫȥϵӣʧ䣬ǻ㾡ƾʲôͷȴһգҲģġ
ǰѾӽĺῡȻԭ֮Ȳ翵ٻǺѫ˼֮飬ῡܻաû뵽ǣȻǺ볾ԭ򣬻񼫡
㾡̫ү벻㺦ôˣֻΪԻλܲԼֵܵʬ𣿡š
˿˵ʲô̫ˣˣϡһ£ıеĳǱܵĺڰУֳˣ볾Ҫȫˣ컹ѡ
һԼųӦǰӿϵһһĽʿŵƣȫ˶ԲߣҪܻȫ
˿̫࣬ҪͻΧȥͳ䱸벻֧
áԶվתȥеĳս֡һֻֽץסңһ롣
һ·ɽ£ǰϤľ캣¡ǰΪ˾үһԼѡ뿪죬ѵҪص
ۿǰѾ·ߣѾƵ캣ˣѵҪ˫˫ڴΣǶȻ棬ҲԼȥȪ뵽ҾȻЦˡԭͬȴͬѨǼֵ¡
үȪһͬ棬ҼᶨĿڡҲңǸһ˿Цã档
ڰУѪζɱʿѾľˡǱϾ˫ȭѵ֣үѾмˣȴȥǾĻ˫˫Ȫ
 
 
̧ͷŻڷɱемֲ̣ߵߡǶˣҲûлһˣԲҪʳˡ˼ľ޺ҾԵͷһ̣Ժиүʶ֪صһĻһĻԭΪʲôԸҲһᵥʹΪģǴ뿪 
ҪңҸߣү뿪ұ߱ߺš¿ʲô˺ү˳ƶ£ǰڷɱеүЦˣʳˡ 
áЦſڣ۾ԶĹ졣мʱĿеĹ׼캣ϵ˲ףҪģǶҲһеҪץסѾļǣȴΪ 
ү£ǰЦݣϤų磬ŲᣬΣŰˡҿסҪ׹µ壬ҵ֣ץסҲҪʧȥҪ⽫һʹ 
үҪ֣ҪҪ..ţѾ 
˿ǱԲ㣬Ȼ㣬ҪúûţúûţʳԣҲʳˣ뱾һȥҪúûţ㻹ǵĺӣӦңúûš԰׵ӳһ˿΢Ц 
һ棬Ҹ㣬ǷҵģҪţҡԼѾɳƵ䵽˴յϡ 
˿ʶǱһֵ£أǱҸ£˿úûš˵꣬þҼһ׹ƻϡ 
ұһصϣſ±ߣ΢ЦʧʳԣҲ׼Ƿҵġ׼£ȴһֱֻءſңſңſҡţţεڻ 








캣ϵһĻһĻϵĳ֣ҪҪ뿪ңҪٶһˡ..ץסһ˫ů֣ץס˫֣үһůҲſһſͻʧȥů
˿ˡǰˣһ̶ˮѫүأңĶĶץסѫ֣ŵѯš
˿ż׹ˣѾȫѰңźܿͻϢˡοңȴβеʹ
ˣǲǣңҪ滰ץѫļҡ
˿侲ֻ׹һǰοҡ
ԣģҲģȥȥ
УҪúЪţһҪȥҾͲ˾ˡֻķҰġ
ãҲȥ˾찡˵꣬ѫ͵ҵĻ˯Ѩ̱ȥ
̤ѩúչ˻ʺ󡣡ѫһʹɫԸ
ǡ
ٴѣ
ѫҵ𣿡ǰ㲵ӰȴϾ˼ֻϣܵõүϢ
˵ͷжһЩҿҲö
ô𣿡ҽŵš
˿Ѿˣж
˵ʲôģƭҵģƭҵġ涵ĳĵѫܳȥ
Ĺ
ǰĹľҲһеǰûۿҾţšųξһϤڣȴˮ£
 
 
ΪʲôΪʲôľĽ֣Ϊʲô֪ǷҶ𣬰Ҹ㣬ǷһǷһŵԣƾʲôƾʲôҵƾʲôҾʳԵĻᡣ˵ţժͷϵĽԼĸȥʺѪȾ˰ɫɴ¡ 
˿ôôɵΪʲôҪΪʲôѫǰס壬ţֻƤܳ۾ 
˿úûţǷֻ̫࣬ٻΪ˱úûšϤӰ˵ȴ޷ڡһĺһ㣬ү෴ķƮȥķƮȥ 
˿֪жڣ֪ߣʹ࣬Ըʶ㣬Ըûþ취ߣ㣬ѺòãҿԷ뿪ģҿԷ뿪ǰ˵ߣ۾ǰˡ 
ѫȥĹ۰ɣΪү档ſ졣 
˿зŵǣ֪ĵġ 
İɣҲѰģΪҲȥҵĴĵǡ 
ǺðɣȥɡʹĻعͷ 
ÿĹУʱһһ죬㣬ֻġ 




׼뿪


ĸ󡣡ĴһΣһعͷȥʮΨһ֧һڵˣˣĸҲûдڵıҪˡ
ҪˣǴˣĸҪЩʲôҺЦʵ
ĸģǵᣬ𣿡
ĸȥѯſڡ
ǣҸոȥҸʣȴ˵ҪԼ㣬Ҿˡ
ãĸʱһȥѾϧദʱ䣬ϾǷ⺢ӵ̫ˡ
߸뿪ıӰ۽ǳһˮ
ǰЦȻɰ˵ﷺһ˿οһֱѫ飬óСڹ⻷³󣬣ҸһһֱչȥֻҵŮҸ֡죬ǡ
ѫ˺ö࣬ҷ޹㲵գҲʮǰЦӢˣԭһУڤڤ֮עѸı䣬ֻǵԶѡ
ǰ۰ʮ꣬ȴͬʹʮˣͬζӳ£ḧˮټҲܼӱ⣬Ƿġ
ѫԲʱգȻֻ˵仰ҶԲ㣬̫࣬ǣȴûʲôܴģǻټĻһһٴôʹࡣ
ʺأĺѫżѰš
ڹǶһλС̫ϻ̳ϿֵĻش
ԺһҪú׵Ļ֪𣿡ϸĵĶǰѾʮС˵
ĸҪ𣿡Ŵ۾ҡ
ҵȻһЦʲôʱĸԶߣʹһ죬ĸȥ˺ԶԶĵطĸҲߵģǳɳס˼µˮ
Ҫúչãúö飬ԺҪΪİ츣
ĸһġ䲻һֱԼĺӡ
ˣȥɡЦǲߣ֪СӰˣҲŷ֣ԭ£ôӿô
 
 
̤ѩȥյôˡҴ̤ѩҤķȥ 
˿˿..ѫżסкš֪ΪʲôǸоҪ뿪׵뿪 
ʣĸ𣿡ǰżĺüëĺѫ˵ 
㿴ˣ·𿴵˾һģ׷š 
ĸǣ˵˺öֵĻӦˡ˼Ļشܸоĸеֵֹġ 
˵ʲôļǵ 
ĸ˵ʲôҪúչԼʲôһֱߡ֮ĺֵĻ 
ȵ̧ͷʱֻиʵӰˡѫеĽʹңһ䶼Ź 
ǰպõɣǲеˣվڻҤǰһᰴξеķʽԼԭΪҰź˽֣Ҳõģڤڤ֮ɰţÿ˵Ľ֣ѾźˣվѲƿء 








ߵҤǰҵĶbĵطǣδ
ȵȡǰ㲵ӰҵȻЦЦ
ˣջҪۿ뿪
ǰȴֹ
վǶҪ˵ҺЦſڡ
վһʹĿڡ
ԲҶԲ㣬ǶûдǶ̫ûô飬ôڵһУᷢҴûйֹ㣬ûС˵Щû˵ڵĻ
ҲһУѳɶ֣ǵˣѾźãô꣬Ȼòģ˵ⲻŪ𣿡
ѫҪǵúú㻹ãΡǣټ
ҤУԡʹһжˣҲеĽ֣˵õĽ֣ʹ࣬ټ尾
ѫǰִŵŮӣ£˿ˡǿı飬ڸǲסĵĴ
һƻƿϣһλŮӣЦǰĳӣ۽Ƿһᡣ
ѫ˻һģľȻǰԼİ˵ľ꣬߳š
һԶһ𡣡
ѫʮ꣬Ϊ츣ѫλλڳӺ㡣
а
ѫǰеĻŮӣǹһ˿ЦԼѲǵֻһͨӣԼֿһҹҹУȹԼ
;ˣһеԶ⿪ˣûȥˡеͳ۾һƬ֡
ģԼԴϣʲôһеĻӿ֣ԭҵǰ㯵УҪܻȥ
.һֻҵƮƮģķƮȥ
ˣǰ˸߲ҵҡҵļ硣
ͷʹҳʹý
ôˣɻʵ
 
 
Ŷ㵽ŶгȥǻʱˣҾ˱ˣһ˯˯һء㵸Ľš 
Ŷ֪ˡĬȻĺӦš 
ԭһжֻǸΡ 
Ŷ׺ʲôһ 
˭ 
ƿǸ˰㣬㻹˯µַˡ 
ҹңĵַҡżѯš 
ŵַŴƿ˲ĺɫʹ첽ɽȥشƿˣһǱˣֻһϳҡ 
ҽҵ˵ַţû˿ѵҪ 
ҷŻ˲ӣŽĹ԰ȥƽĺ棬Ұξ֡ 
ǻԵġϷʵһͷ 
ҵЦţ£飬ֻһ˲䡣 
ǵİ飬ԲˡнյʯЦˣǽӵ֪Ҳ׷֣ٷ֡.. 
ᡭ.. 


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