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1.Ш 
 
ʮ꣬ġ

ʮ꣬ġ
̲ʥ˵á
ׯϵĽ쳹ôرգȥһƬȡɭ䣬
ºͶҶƬ̣̳Ŀ鵭ڻеʹƶЦ˲࣬ʥԿյġ

ĿѲһܣһīɫºһſλСкĸطϣߵ۾ӲĿ
޳ָ̽鼹ӹһҳͷʮָ֧ãĿ
үԵ۾·ħǰ 
ȴĿųʫ͵͵ʣΪʲô
ӦøүүǱҵġ
Ļ׷ʣ˭
۾вҲĿҵҡͷָϷNNNNٵĻش־壬ǣǣүĹӣҫϡ
ҫϡҶѰ˼
һ񣬡۾Ȼӣ̧ȴԭأɫľȻӲס۾үǷ磬㲻ܡ
--ҶǴǳЦĿֱǰʥϣһ䣺ڰɣ

ʥ̳翵ǴȥȣһҵѪ¶õԼ֮ѪΪǺҪҡ
......
µǹ΢̧۶ۡһ۾ͷһſϣڡѪ̫Ѩ䣬ɫľӡ
µѩ׵Ӳ֣ɺЦǱ飬еá
ƮʥҲŸϣϢֵܽãǵȺȥˣʹԵʥݡ

 
2.  

ŰչԵĶ棬ҡһ˲ķ
Ҷб̾ڶ¶̨ϣʽС¥Ľˮ
°ڣ졣һ춯ŲҴ١̣ͷڵϡ

Ѫȷ絶Ѫʮؽ¾ˡҶܣڽС
´һɱ˽һָºպָɵԵס۾ֶɾ𶯽ȻǰΤүԳں;ƣΪ˵͡ 

ܸ磬ˣɾ䣡 ˵ָβס⣬һЦ
ͷժīѹõ͵͵ñֳһ˫ʹ˫Ҳһ䣬
ҫˣʡ
ֹϴҲˣص졣
һȻųذԳˣҲӡ
شļѣȥ

ľŹĹӰɫһڣӯڣﱭӰеĿŤ
ǾƱȻȥߣĿ⾯ɨһܣǡɸȻֹ
ԵͬڶգգЦЦŵճһ˫ȻһۣЦ⣬͸ЩˣȷϴǶʾãĪػһЦƽղЦЦѿ

˳ǣһƣٵĺɫѪɫϰɫԷ档һžµգǳǳһЦһΪӽаȡѹӣ壬Īڴˡ
һò˹ƮȻ

Ҷү˿ڣҽ̻ܵᣬҫϡ
ҶʼδУоƱЩ׹أ˼棬ۺ졣ֻǰ˵òͬྶͥ
ҶܵĿⲻŻͣݺݵضۣ䲻ɫȴ뽫۵ס
ϴӣƶˣĺҹӿͷֵܣ򰲲ԵףѲ޻ߣһ˿˿ۡЩȦס˶顣
뵽ħҫ־Ȼͬǰһˡ

ҫϴ󷽵ֹȴԺ͡
ҫ˵õѡ
Ѱζ仰ȴһС϶һ¡
ҫϲ˼Ӧ϶ˡ ʼ±оƣȥȴеơ
һЦж룬ȥŵ˱ŵ˶࣬ˣƣʮ
һȥ罯籣ڡ
罯ˣƣ˿۾ͷԸ
һЦӦǣ

ûأ̰棬򲻸ĵӡϴүѵҫϣɫŻӹŷģͷټǣЩͣƤ´ĿȴԱ·һġͷĺƣһϸƣڶͷһġ֡
Ҷʱ罯Ƿ̾ܣ٣ʢ͸㲻ҪȥЩˡ֪ذʲôˣң̺ڵƫ׬ǮңˡǸܵǴĺϵׯǶǸ˧䣬ú½˾ôţͬǰݰֵܡòʮֹһ۱һۣȥɣ
ҶܣŲʲôذʡ˵˵ĺݶذ־Ҫŵôޡ

ϴĿӴֹü˳۵ĳҫ뿪ȻعЦ˵ѽǸýĳӲϣüЦˡȮҫ³çʧ죬õͷҲͬƽϡٶٻ͸ϼ޻
ôϵô룬һӱ⺢Խ˶³ϵ㶼ٳԽȥǲǣһ£⵱㡣
ϴɸ۾˵ɡ

һֱʹԲΤүʱʱȫྲȻֻʣϴĴЦ
ºЦЦƲģ˿۾ɽװʱѧȡ

ҶȴһЦؾү˻ǷסǹӣõһŴʯ͵ȥǿ̽䡣ⲻ³ʯսġ˽أ͵ľ͸ÿƶȡ֪Τүܷƽ
һ仰ࡣ
ǾͿûǸȡˣҫȻЦؾơ 

ܣγŭ⣬Ҷܴһ
϶ûصĶүüӣѩѵҶܻԳҫ˵λСֵܲǿЦ£ҲΤүأ£
ҫӦһǣͷɥ˺Ҷһۣǲ
ţϴɨһۣĿ׵ϣҫ䶯л˵ֲ㿪ڣֻʿɥ¡

֪תӿͷػ᳤ػ᳤ǺгҪ򡣡Τү̽
ﲻýԿǮǶΣϴ󵯵ѩ˵
β˼ҡͷܣػ᳤̸ͷ޷Ϊڶ߻㣬ȥʱҡõͷǼҸµҵġ
ϰ壬ĳϰ岻ؼڻӦңձ˻ʡⲻգսɻһ㲻ɻ·̤ͷվͱΪƽˡ缰źáǱߣһͷҵţȰˣһ𣬴׺յƬ߲ģ󣬾ǵƤҶġ
Ӳʩա˵ͷҷ̸һϨ㣬ɳ졣
⣬˳Ȼ˵̸Ц

ӲԵĹ⣬үʲôʱˣϴһŭǹʵĴְǹ
Ȼ䣬һƷϴ󣬶һ졣
СģҫϾų룬һƬ
˲壬ֻһӰǰιʱֻһѰǹȵϴ̫Ѩϣǰ
ҶִǹסһϴͺͺԿǺȵ˭ҺҶܾȱ
ְǹ֮죬ڳ࣬˼ʶáǹСܸ硱

ֻëͷСӾȻǹס˾ηϰͷ­ֱϻϰ֪
ҶܣΤүŵþʧɫȰ衣
ҫǹָҶܵСӣҪ¡ǹҲɣ
ҶǴģʱΪȥأҸýүǳүǹһǳȫˡеǹֽϴͷ
ϴһ££

ذʵ𽭺˶£ֻǮδԸξ;ֵ˵챨ʲô챨ؼֵܶһһףһһ˵ҲǾءֵֻܶûӡǣûӣûӡذȢʮŷ̫̫ңƫƫѾͷƬӡ˺Ȼظɺԣˣõ檣ѿ˴ΪЦ̸˭΢ذõ¶ͻᲪȻŭ˵һλɵϴ˵仰ذǰҫԼĶǣЦذʶӾº󲻹죬ĸӶڷëȻ˵ذʻԱӦֵׯĪ˵ֽǻҲһ䣬ûһһŮϥ䡣˺޵ѹֻ˽³ѿ֮죬ĭӾǣ
Σ

Ҷۼ٣ǹȥɿϴ˴˼ϴٺЦȻصӣ䲻СӣʶȻм֡ˣԸߣ
ֶŪ½˿һԶȸ˵ǱˣСתΤү˵ۣҪҵƢΤү֪ذʿеĶûеòġ
ݺݵģŵ׵
Ҫ˿ڣһĲֵˡҶ˵
ϴڶŪ⻰ͣסЦ˵иӣعأĿ𳤲֪˵ģƨϡã
Ҷܸ֣˴ӣȻӵǣػ᳤иӣǹصý
ϴȻͷ´ҶܣЦһ¶ǩӡ 

ܣκǳһĿ֣ŰļҳѵƤĺӣĿҶͣšҶ̧̧üͷѼñµش߿
Ȼûܳɽ
ΤүȰţϰݼʱýٿǼ졣ʧʱ
ؾ潯Σ·ڷ˼᧿Σ
εҲݣñ΢΢ǷЦȥ

γʻҶȴľ裬ʱŴ⣬ŻƵ·ճӰ
ܸ磬õ־ϴ磡ͷ˵ѹñ˯˯Ҷܵһ·ҪСˡ
ΪڴĴүͻȻðһ䣺ģ㶯֣ҲǴʱ
ҶֱΰѰ˵ǰϴҲϴַҵ
Ȼأʡ
ɭɭ·ƹӰͶڽϣＷ֣ȫ˺ҵһһҹ⣬һյ޴档
磬ȻS֣յҶϸˣ

3ֵ ... 

ŵʻ͵Ҷܵļҡ
С¥䲻ݻɣȴͬĸ׼ֳҶ֮ҡ
ʱĸ¶޽ͷдǺ伢Ŀĺ塣ֻԶǿذͷֱõĽδ£Ϊʮʱ͸⴦סΪһҵİ֮

¥¥ݸ֨֨죬¥ϴĸ׵ѯܶˣ
ǰܻˡӦš
⡱һƤѥͷʱֳҶѾ¥ݿڣɫĵֱ߱ں˿ᣬͷĨùɼˡһԵĿѣĿʱϴ΢ţгڷŵޣ˵Ҷǻˣҵһ졣죬ҶٿǮͬѧpartyҪ˼ม
Ҷüͷ˼ûУ

ƣ¥Ҷ漱ȹϣΧǰתȭƣͣʣôûǮ˵ҪǮġںڵƫţòǴѴѵģ
ǲмҶȻͣһץסڣС˫żأĿֱһ䣺ͷֱٸ˵
һ֣Ҷڵϣ˵߽ĸţϺ䣬㿴ѽϸǮ
ܶͷҪǮøӦ飬ѧã׵ģ̫ܲ治ǣ
ĸ׵ĻҶһӣŵҶ𣬳ȥĸ£㣬㻹䣬⸱ӣҰûТ˳!
УҷǮ³ˣ
ţϰĶҶ棬ΪѰҶ˵ܶףǰЩʱѧУʲô
outing ,outing̤࣬ȥϡǲϸ򳵣ͨ򣬻ҿŵҴ
㲻ʲôүǸСؤʲôҹӣҪ飬ҹ㣬Ҫõҹ㣬Ҫѧҹ㣬㻹Ҫʲô㿴㿴ʡԼãΪ˹ӻԼԼʲôӣͷĨ˼ѽҶйشɴۣŭɶ

ܶܶţŴҶܣȥһߣ࣬ûǣСܿ࣬Ҫ֣͹ɡ˵صؿš
ҶһݺݵصҶһֵۣܣ磬ôô磿ʮûͨ
¥˹˹.ҶЩ
䣬ͬѧڵˣ......ҶŤӵؾţҶܣֻҶͷ컨壬ΣһĿ㶵һǮҶ棬˵ԣȥء
û˵꣬ҶܵӰ٣ֻ¥𶯵
ﾲĵģĸ״˵ܶǵܵܣǳ֡ίЩͿˡ

̶֡ڴ⣬ءһ۵糸ȻԶȥô졣
һź󣬡......һӵĿ¥¡
ëѽ
ķӾŵ
Ҷܼ̽¥ŰķҶķѽٯòȥסѽǱߵ·ˮ͡ģأܷɻʹõġ

ţæյǰҶһסţĶӵ֣Դ£ŰķͷҸӳѹˮŶҼҰ治¡
¥ֵţתʱҶ΢ŭĿ⣬Ҳ¶óһ̺У򿪣ݸţϲŶӣٿ̺ʱһ۳״Ķֽҡ
ܡţʣͷᣬ̧˵ҶѾįȥ
ܶȥ
ҪȥȥҶûлͷŲ̤¥ϳʵɫķ°ڻζ޸޶

ܸ磬ܸ!ֵ˵ܸȥҪã˵ܸЩɱϴذʣȥԲ߳ȥܱܻأ
һ죬Ҷ̧ͷĸ׷˻£һͭ跭Ŵ¥Ϲɫɫ¥ݡ

4 ... 

عݡ
ҫϽңŷʽ͢С¥¥ڵƹҫۡ
ͷһʣ¸˻ȥʣ㣬үɻˣ
һ׾
ѸƤӰ
㾪һ
ۡһε
үҪѽ
үѽ
͵ȥ͸볨ţˢˢŻ֦չǡ޳涷ޣӰݵȴȿˡֻǵ͵͵˾ίӴүҪͨˣҲظһ澰
겻ص˵үͶ̫̫Ǵƫ˵鷿ǸӸķˮĸױŲ˰ľ룬һӵò϶ӡ

Ƿɲ˭Ųöġ
ҫȻ׸ҶСӵ裬ǨŭСϡת˲䣬εϷʵǳЦ
Ƥžƻ糯ʱǽˮʾĽޱ죬ķ֪һ¾ĸùϡ
ҫϳţתʱ绰

ſڵĹܼò͸ӣɫ½󣬽ʬӵ绰
ҫסһõЦ˳Ͳ˵¥ӡ

ιǳҫϣҡѽû𣿳Թիҵҵ˼ҡڡء
ĸĵ绰
ϴֱ绰նʱõЦݣ˻Ͳ˵ˡϡ
Ͳɺ֣绰Ƕϵģ

绰ˣѽŻңǻظˣ
ϴ˶ӵĻɫ
òǸŴ绰밲ˣ
ҫ½ͨ绰ݸס

ǶӰʸ밲ˣԺסϰ𣿡
ǻģϴͷŻظЩءڷǸˮף˶ˡݺݽѵء
ʲô˼Ѫ⣬£ãõĺõģӽˡ
ҫһֱЦ⣬ǿµʣǣǸɢȥ
װڰ֣ʾ¡

ҫſػۣһСģһɢĿүԸλƽɢعȥɡ
ۡһƬ̫̫Ƿ·ա¾ϲ⣬Ǳ໥˷
̫Ĩſڹҫϵ˵϶飬ġѸȥ
̫̾߹еҫϵζ˵ԣƽû㡣
µҡȹ˵˵ôûӺһү۰ҲĿˡ
һŤ֫ȥ
ʮ̷ԸѾ˵ѩӸһ٣ƷƷʡ
ֻ̫һͷصؿ޵ǻˡ
ҫصؽӵ绰ĸװοĸ˵ⲻûҵǽǣˡ

ҫ游鷿
׳̣ڡﾲó棬ɷֱ档
ĬȻŸ׵ϥǹ£޾ɥҧг˵£õܾ𷣣ҲЩ

ϴһ֮̾¿̣һҫϣۿʪڵģһܲðίСģͷ֡
ʳָ̧̻ң̸ѱҫֿݵǰ
٣һ̾ģ߽һӣţӸǻ̾Ϣк˼ϧ

ʹȥݺݽѵǲ֪ߵغС쵰һ٣
ϴʳָĴͷ̻ɢ䣬мʣѵһپˣ
ҫɣϴСҲʶȤصþͰǸСӱһ١𣿡
ҫ룬⽯ΰҲǹƥֵܸһ٣ŷֺã˾ǲǲҡ˸׶⣬Ȼ֪Ҫʲô
ϴʳָ϶ҶܣСӵңǸӡպǧû粽С
ҫϻȻ򣬽ĲóӿͷؾͶ۰һӦǣߣðߣɱ⣡
ϴ¶Ц¿ȦҾͲŻذʵǮȭͷڲˣ

ҫϳ鷿Ͳжߣһӵϡ
һŲױݹ𥡣ôչǸƨɣԶظΨһӵĹذ
ʮƿ˽ǰҡһ˫ɨȻЦѾߺ˹ϸ룬ӣСں޵ᴵɢڵҨѩ͵˵ԣЩܻ𣬿һ쵽ү۵ãˡ
ллʮҫ̽ͷ£ǹɵЦ⣬һȺСİŪ
ؼҫϾﵱ֮ӣʶˣٻ

طȥ£ƣȴҪǿ
¥ϣһ𣺡СӣƨǷˣ
ȻֹһֻŸ߾طŻԭأ캬Ц¥ˡ
ɺ죬ǽǰŸŵİֻ˸ֵϴŵ⡣ǹСɹ̫֪ʱ
޵óҫҧгݣȻһֻ˸

־ǰ˸ȥ֪Ķ
ֻ˲䣬˸򾪽ţүˣүˣ
˭Ҳ
Ȼ䣬ɨǰӣ׵Ӱ֪ʱ棬ڹʽ¥ȵ
ҫϾ;ëȥֻǯһչѳһº͵ЦŪǰ˸ë˵СëɫԽԽˡ

ôĥ䣿׵Щ졣
СӣƨǷˣǰİ˸ʧʱؽӹһ䣬óҫؽҧ룬С֪ү
ǣڵȰȥ̽·šҫϹ

طĸ̫
ʱǰ۰̰ź£Ϊɿ£ϸָĴ仮ǳָ׻Щۣһ鴤ĸ׽ŵͣʣŪˣ
Цҡͷ
̫߶ţʮĶжˣ˵ʮǸӡүӳȥǼլסˡѸİİ˸ȥ¥¾̥ 

Цˣǰ˿οǹҲѽթҲһˡϴʮֵõضɽҡҲΪǸӣǵͷǸѾͷƬӣ˵µǰʲô䣬Ⱳӻӣ
!⺢ӣأ̫ŵöĿڡ
Ҿ͸˵ʵ˲Ų˵
̫ЦˣЦǵģĿؼϣԸһ龪ģ·ھͶ׹أϴ̫̫ıʼߺˡߣΣҲǶʮˡ
˵˵ţȻɷнµʣ˵үȢʮ˷̫̫˶ʮ˸ŮôûһǶӣѵ⡣

ҫϻϽװԵȱֱͦΣֻЦ
˵Ͷ̥СǵͶ̥ͶԲˣ㵱ӣҷ̫̫
ΣȥɡЦ

ұءұˣôؼҵүպүûӣүǷҲͺͺӣؼ⸻µļҲҲĸӵˡ
˵ԼЦ·׹˽ɽĵ⡣

˵̫ŴչҫһסֵһһĽˣ˼ҶôˡĿڣҲҽУඪˡ
ôôҶвûĵģһʺһôӲ˾ҪˣȥʣֻܺοЩﻹʣʲôˣȢϱźµˣֻʣҲҪ𣿡
̫˵ȥšҫ˲Ŀա
˺ˣҫϱΣͶ

ߵҫֹͣЦһ
˽Ｘ䣬˵ã֣

5ҹɱ¾ ... 

ţϽϵĲҲҶ
ȻҶ˵ȥμͬѧʲôջᣬҲ֪λܷ˵ЦЦƽҶܺٻؼҳԷ֪ʲôӪֻʣʱҶܵͷԷʱڳ˼ģ·𳬹ʮͷЩ̣漴ҲҪҧҧ¡

Ų𣬳أ¥漴¥ţһ䣺𣿡
ܸˡ=ܸЩͷۣؼˡ
ţæڴϲæƵ¥ȥŵ¥ͼҶܼѵķ¥һ¥ͷһۣͷ˵Щˣ˯һعҡ

ţϽеƵݸȥӵĶͷѽһʣôˣͷ̵¯Ƶġ
Ҷһĸ׵֣ʹǳ鴤ѳЦ˵۵ģ˯һͺˡ
ţ۵ط˵⺢ӣؼͺáѽ˾ֻԶԶĶ㵽ȥʮµĲؼҡ֪ˣãͺãȥˮ̽šѽǳԷ𣿽յĺ⣬ա

ˬӦţϵɫġ
Ҷܵķ¥ͷķ䱻ƽڼҶҶռţһŴǷ
ҶܺȻסſƿǷţȥŴϣıڴһ䣺ȥɣ˯һ
ţϱ˵㷿ȥ˯ɼҶ۵˵ƣ룬ҲٿڣҶٷҶܻطĺһѪǮȴ˯Ĵ󴲡

Ϸţţȥһ˵ܸĲ˵ܸǱˣʮˮأֵ飬Ƥˡ
ţһĲ۵¥ϣˮһأﴫҶܾѯˣ
ûûʲôϲˣˣˮ
һĬţϵˡ

ܸƢ˿ҩġԵƫһյĹ򣬾ִٻٳʱ͵͵ЩǮøܸЩӡץһǮţţһǮɢˮĵذϣ·һǶӵ⣬᲻סµҪȥҶܡ
һס˵ȥܸҵġ
ţ϶ֹһţԥʣ𣿡
ͷʰȥϴһҩҺðˮҡοݸţϵ˵ɺҩҷŵ٣ܸ˯졣˯ˣٸҩ
ţϵͷҲֻˡ
ƶӣҶԺĲ

ܶѣôҲҪȿˮ˯ȻҪյġ
Ҷܱ޿κΣǿһˮͷ˯¡
ţϾżĶͷΪҴҴţЩ꣬ƺҶܶޱȿǷģԽѹ
Ҳ֪˶ãźʣܸ磬ܸ磬˯𣿡
ҶûлٺһЦӻͳҩƿ˵鵤ҩȥˮܸϴ˿ڣǸĨЩͺá

ţƿҶܵĳʱݺŵϵӣͷһ飬ӿֹһ䣺ҵĶѽֳҭ
ϣЩɣܸ˻ҡ
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Ҷܶ߻ܸ磬ܸ磬𣿡
ûҶܳ˯úȴ١ɿԳԼԼ

ҶܷſڴϣΪҶͿҩţһΪմϵˣ׵øߣɫˣҶܵͷȴô֡
𼱣ڽС㲻ʲôο˵ȥҶܵĿӡ
ţæ˵˿ٸЩҩú˯һɡ
˵⣬ţΪʲôּҶʱᵽǸµ֣ǰѻʻض룬ʣҲδ˵

˵ȥӦîٻ
ţ߰ʣͶҶܡ

Ŷӣϸ֪˶ʱ˼ţܶʮˣø˵ϱɼˡ
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Ҷ΢΢ӣţæȥʣܶ𣿡
Ҷܼѵ䶯˵ʣ
ȥ㵹ˮ
ţӵͷ¶Щ̤ʵ֣Ʋȥ·ʱصؿһӣ賿ʮ֣ôҶ滹û⺢ӡ

ҶֻԼͷΰѣεڽҿӸҩֹȴźͷȴ޷һűҲڻˡҶ治ڼңȥڲ
ﵹˮǿȿˮȴƺܵ
￪ڸҪһסߵ˵
ŵƿԸȥҪԼ´ʹǹèȥ⡣
qqܣ¹ڵذϣûȴݵظоա

ϤϤýݣ¥ݴҶèӣһɻ׺룬Щ߲ƣ³˭ˣˣڷ
ذʣֻǣȻСˣ


6һ ... 

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أܸڼɡҫʡ
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ܣлˣ﷢ƵĴӷҶۼֿһ˵͵طһҵǹҶﰵˣ̽䣬һöӡ

ſңſңѽҶ澪ŵĺ
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ҶڵƹУеǹֱָΪ˵Ǹɫ̳ͷֵԴ
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гҫоסҶĲǰһš
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Ҷܱھȴĸ׽ľٶ˵ʲôĪźͿˣҶʣš
ȻԼֳذħͷĶӣǸӼ߽߰ŭԵĺϴҶ澹ȻĶӣתһ룬òɱ֮ƣ跨ͻΧ
磬磬֪ģǼСһȥû뵽ңڰ·ү 

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ҶܴûüĿĸ˱ŭģȻҲüͷ˵ģŴؼҵĺӣһвѵĿԣԸ˵ܡ
ţϱס˻ͼ翹Ҷƴҡͷ˵ܶЩ꣬㲻ɣԣǹ¡

үԸնݣĪΪĹҫϾ֮ඨ
Ƕȥүᡣ˵ȷʵǴң̫̫ߵĴҡ
ҫȻƬ̣һ˵Цգֻ֪£үԸɱ⣡
٣ɣǵүᣬظȥ

Ҷܳǹǰ棬˵ߣûôˡүҪӣԵӭǶȥҼ̹ȥ
ҫǹڶڳȥҶţϵͷвҶܣģʶȤͷǹԹ־ܣûˡ

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7ϵµĶ ... 

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Ứ̺µźɫȵĵ֣ͦأޱ飬޺лƤϲһ೤۹ӥүĿһɨҶŵֽסĸ׵ĺƴš

Ƥϵϴ̽ӴɫŵţʣǴҶǰҿ
ţסӵǰֻһҶ˵죬ȥͷ׵
Ҷŵ͵ۿϴƵƵҡͷŵ㡣
ǻؼȥɡҶ˵
үҲѾߣдҡ뿪ҹظȥ·ϱңһ·Ű;㡣һ·ˣĸ裬£ˡ

ңĹţˣСʮ궼ûһϴٺЦĿţɨһȦ˵ԼͬҰ֣Ϊ˱ֵܶ˻Щ˵ذʵĶӡ֪ذˣҲֳɵˣСôݹأݻңﺢӵ·ûأ

һ仰ôҺȻϴҡͷֹݷԺؿߵүô˵ûˣڵߣǶ˰Ū࣬ԩС㣬СҹӳСһ·Ϊ⺢ӻš̲ûˣСͬһȥ˽ϴѣѩض𴯣һ·£ɽҰССүΪСүС˶ٿ࡭
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ذʣŹһҶɱ
£ҪǹȲҪץڡ
ҶѾǹƥǵϴºΧϡ
Ҷܴһǰеǹָһƣڵϣƿ˾ֱĸ׺ʹҶ档
ҶڲֵҶܣȥץסͰ˵Ҷܣ㱾´ģ˵ͷû˸үģߣߡ
Ҷܵһְֻסͷͷϴ˵㲻ǾҪԸˣҸ뿪

ϴ۴ҶܣضţϳŪʣС㣬ǸļˣĸҲ֪ǻȥ㷿˰ɣ֣ݺݵģĿԲ̰شҶ棬ţҸ˵һа˾ųɰգĪ⺢ԼĹ⣬ƼĶӣ
үҶţԳɫȴͣظСΪүĹѪûгѡ

ʦүЦЦţϣȴϴߵʾүа취Ѫ׵ģ԰ɡǼһԾ֪ˡ
ϴΪ֮һ۴˼ֽң쿪ֵסҶ棬ֱ׳ڳѡϵϸ϶ϳŮˣﻹǵЦݲõСģƼСβһݵСѾߡ
ϴЩϲʤ·ɵľ֢Ȼת˷ܳ죬յδȴţϼᶨеõ˰˾ŷֿ϶Ĵ𰸣еģҽˡ滹ǿѹ˷ܣµطԸȥ
 


8ֻʹ ... 

ϲүϲүλǸϵ׵ү
Ѫһȷϣظ𾪡
ϴӻƤԾĿࡣ
һƬϲУɫ׵ĳҫϴǰղõЦݿͷϲϲϲҲݷ𣬻ƻµĽ
ǻģñѾϲѵϴϲ̵ġ
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ϴԴֺȻʶԼʧ̬¡ƽطԸͣͣǸܼң£쵰͡

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ϴһŭžһĲ輸ˮžһ̲ˮɽ½ϡ
䣡Ҷ澪һ§סĸ׵
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еǮϴ˵ⱲӻǮؼҵĴүԣǮġ
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ү̫̫׿ڸȡġţӦš
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ҹƣд飬ҧӲġ˵ˣݵѾߴҶˣΨһĽںɣƼƳ⣬ѹ˴ҶһԼѩСŮЦ˵ʤ֬ĿɰСð㵨ӣ޵ҡƼſ޺ǵƺĴѪεȾǳɫ졣ЦһſĴң˴Ϸ˵㷿Ѿ𣿲㷿Уˣ˯ӺʹҶˡ
ϴļǵõ龰 
ѵô죬ҶĺӣʮߡСʮ»̥Щӣˣ

ĸ׽ץסҶܵӷ·Ҫͷ飬ĿǾ㵡Ҷƺʲô־סһߣ
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䡭Ҷ澪ʧ·İĻǲͿ־塣
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ҶƣȺȭҿʹԺڳ˱ܡҶܱŭʩչҪɱһѪ·ϴķ趯ǴޣŲԾȺɨý籪㡣
Ҷܣס֣ع²߾ߵģҫϺ˺ѵھһҶֻǸݰҶܿɲ򵥡ѵҲǵĹѪ˹촫飡ʲôס˶ʮĹ˶ʮˡ
СӣˡٸҴҶҪ֪Ҹ㣬عݲãҰصĽѵҰǸ֣һˣʮĻס֣ס֣ϴ׵һŭȣҶ֣ܲͣµĴȴ֡
˶ۣ࣬Сӣҡϴץסţϣʣ˵˭֣ 
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ţߵ࣬䣬ҡͷֵͷҭҭ˵˭֣ү㻹СΪʲôѰ񻷹Ҹܶĸһ· 

ҶǺ˵Ļëܣţõ˽֪Сܸ磬ذĶӣһＱ·Ҫƭذ
ſҶܺţָϴ󣬺ʾ
㣬ַȥûأָ˵ҶСӼţһ㣬Ĳ㣡ϴݺݵ·һѳɶ֣ȥ
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ţϷĿԣȴúѣҶһϲϴ־ͽһ֡
Ҷֹֻ

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廨ҶܣҫֻҶܼۣǲĿ⣬ƶظٻмһˣͣЩпɼһУȻΪеİաʼɡ⣬ҶһѺţ£
ҶΡȻ£ϴһŭȡ
أѪȥ顣ϴԸҶãݺݰס


9ܲϸ ... 

Ҷܴ͵Ŀ컨˶ĵƣҫ۵ĵӰǽİ׹ѱ档
ĸһԵȴִֵŤ֪ηޣ֪վںδ

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ʱǴ೤ʦүЦгȥϴߵＸ䡣
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裬̶Ҷҫ˼ͷ·ҪĹͷ
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Ҷ˲صϴ󣬷·ϸ˵ܴ衣
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ϴһסҶܵļͷҶֻüͷһ飬ǯּнѨλԭƻĺǸӡǴֻĸ첲´벻һɨȣҶܽһϴ˳赽ϡ
Ҷһ벻һͦҪȴϴֿơһƺݺݳƨϣۡһ֣Ӿͽ̽εӡ


10쿪ʤ ... 

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үʲôģϸźš̫Ըˡ
ϴȻһԸǸ϶ڷĽƨɣҲصƿʮĽϴƣ͵鷿ȥҺǴүӺѡ

ҶǴӳҫ̧߱ߵģϵ㲻ֵţίʵǱҫϿҶܲĿǷߺޣ忡ԳҰſģｹǻȻ룬ǲҶܿҲԼֻⲻϽˡ
˿̰ҶܣЦ˴Ȥ⺢ӣⲽػأҲˣɲ϶ɡ
߹ҫֻȤȥ˰ɣ
ҫǿЦ¶ʣʲôνʾ뿴һмء
˵ŽǰΪҶһط½㰲Щ¥أ֩뾫ȥ

ʮ̴ͦŻ״ȻҶ̧ܱߵӰ̾
˵ôˡٺȥ
ʮ̲ɽҰҰСӣ͵ҵ̫̫үˡǽһСָͷ
ҫϲΣ⳰˵ʮ̲ģٸҫ¸Сܵܣķޡ㿴˭˵ү޶һӾĸĶء

ûȤط׷ɢȥҫϹҹɫãã¶̨ϣֻ˼ĳ㣬÷ȴתͶǵƻԻůڵĹһҹ䣬·İĲ£ůı¯ɪСؤգϮ棬ηԼѡһвǳ磬ֻĹͻȻ˴ֲ־עҰܡ¥ͥԺﴫǾϲĺ˴ˣүλүϲÿԾƣأ
ģģã
СģǸΪүȺõļƨɡ
ƣСľֲ֣ȥǮ
ʷȥ֧ȥԶһƬϲ

ҹ޹⣬ֻεεաЩʧ䣬ȻԼʮظ޿ɶҡóҰȡλģֻǡѪסɽؽѹԴϢѪףΣ⣬ѪҺؼҵĶǾСӣһһţͷ棻һͷС³çԣѳɴڳĿг¿

ҫϣôһҫϻͷʦүãЦݿƴ߳
ɵҵʦ꣬ǣС֣һ߽λŻǰԷִ
òʺ򣺡Ҳ͸ 
Щƣ͸˵
ͷµĿȻͷʣѽ꣬꣬ҲǶ¶̨ϰɣǻǣլ¶̨ظ췭ظҲѰ㣬ĳ˵㲻ܳǸլӡȻ¶̨Ѱ㡣ǽǡ
ҫЦˣҡͷԳЦЦʱƤЩլӵȼүˣǶٺôҾԼҪˣǸ绰ҡ
ӵ¶̨Ŵ򣿡
ҫҡͷƵƵҡͷεĨįϧģȥֵСؤ
ү
ҫá
ǵѰʱ˵ĵһ仰
˵ܲǻ¶һʱܶһ𣿡
ѽ٣ԽɲǺ裬˼˼һ㲦ҫֻۣмرȭ̷ܽǳ



11Ӷ ... 

յ鷿һ谸ϰһѾƺֻѣһĽƨɡ
Ҷܱ廨ǽһϣ
խεģΪôáǰЩձͣеˣǰƬڳ˼ϣȥʳɫɲ͡㿴үӾƲ˶ˣ㵱ƵĲˣ˼ң˼ҵ£ҫ˵Žӽܵܡ
˵ϻΪүϿӣҶܺ
ǹСܸ磬ô㻹⣿˴ȥμˣ
ҫϱͷһ⣬ЦŴƵƵҡͷҶģʵ£ڼԣ͸жǣɫ͸ഺЦСϷŪѲߡסһ͵ȥʳСߺ޶Σܲܽƶǡ
ʰԱϵҩ࣬ʳָڳһΪͿĨţӣպٲõĳԺүӹЩϴӾͶˡ

ҶͻȻ˵ҫϣ̸ʽ׿ɺã
Сүɰܣ£̸ҫϺԥش𣬵͸ȥҩࡣ
һãһҸҶ˵ؼҾֻһӡ
ҫֻʣЦ綯񣬷ɺ̶ȥ̶ӰֻǳĳТȣұıң
ҫϱָҶ˺۵ļֲڵƤεҶһɪҧšһ򱡴
۰ɣҸ㣬үӴ⼸¿飬㡣֪үƽʲôŮˡˡÿղˣЩ̫̫Ը˹һţӴͨãεΪ׳ۣبšظһӡ٣ʱ׵ġһʮ²Ǽҳ㷹ʮ꣬˹ġһϷ˴ȥǩ˵Ǹϼ˵ྡ֮סҾѰ˼ҿظү绽꣬ҪʲôʲôҿࣿˣԭСܿ࣬˵ܷ𣿡
ҫ˵ûɫͣҶܶߣԵ֡

ϴҶݣһ۸Ҷҩĳҫѵܹͺãͺá 
Ҷſڹϣ޷ƱյϴĹЦҫϵӭϣаľ׽ϴżƨɽζʱкҶ˵ӣԣѽ
˱˱ָһ۰ڹҶܣ͸ȤƿھƣسҶ˵ӣǿˣĹأԹģͼƨɳԣģӳƨɡˣ

Ҷ汾ĵʳ֮ٿһ۰ϵҶͷˣ̶³˸׵Żŵúҵͷ缦ס
ϴͻĨĨ죬Ųȥ˹ԵҶܡ
ҫһ֣ȴסϴЦǰеĽŲ

ҶܷĽŲȥڲֽ࣬Ŷסͽͣǳ
ϴ·ͽһͻʵ£žž졣ЦйšƢϧƢš
Ҷ΢ӣҧͷð޿κΣֻڲ
СӣءС첲㻹šùѽ˵ƨʲôζѽ
ҶڻϹ嵽ֱǿѹȥͷԻһƬ磬·һΣԼԨԨе߳ҧͬʱ޷ѣǿ˴ĵʹ
ܣο࣬ϸɡҫϹȰ
Ҷҧشмݺݵ֣룡
ϴĴЦһ˵ţСϲڣŷء
Сžƣ˼־ȵþ΢ƮƮطҶȥ

峿ظĲǰλá
ҫ˹ò͵һпͿĨ˾ϣɨӶλϵĸӶˡ·һжδֻظ˺Ӷѡůشϣܰһˡ

ţϣջӣһʯɫ˺Ե˽Ƕ飬һ˶軭˵ױէһЩϲ
ҶһµԵø⿡㣬ŵľֹͷõм嵰ʱ˹İ̧ǡͬҫĿҫƵһЦȻسͣÿһж͸õĽβסĹһˣȻǺĺɱ֣Ҷ󲻽ض࿴ۡ

ҵ㴩Żʵġҫ˵һֳػСº͵Ц
ҶͷԼϵ˿뵽ԭӾȻǳҫϵġ
̫廰˵϶ǰӹӣոûϹģŷһѽͶˡ˵⺢ӳӿǿء
Ҷÿ׾ֻǸ԰ؿ۳ҫϡ
ҫеĵͣסȻ룬ȻˣҲʮꡣͷȻɫĮȻŻȶΪԼʧ䣬ʣǱߣЩԵȥɣҲҪ۵ġ 
ϴһ˵СӣͲ죡շպεĲܡ
ϴͽϣͷ¥ϣ¥̽ͷ̽ԵСŮǾúһˣֻʣ¹¥ֻ˸ͣүϺãүӢ䡣
Ҷ˽ȥֻ˸˵ 
ү磬ү硣˸ͣؽУҶ˷ܣҫϾţһСһҹ򣬴ѧЩȻ˽ˡ

ϴԸ˾ùܼҶѧȥҪУѧϡҶ桱ָ桱
ҫϣܵڵȥٰ졣סҪ¡أ¡أģ죬ڰ֪ذкˣʽҪʢҪ䶯ҪЩۣЦϴӾĹǶۿ
ҫſڣ΢һʱ޴Ӧ𡣲븸׾Ȼȥʢ磬֪ΣǳŪ̽

ʾĸɣҫ̽ʡ
̫̫ؾɣ˼ңҪŪѰ˼ϲùӵġϴ硯
ҫЦˣ˵ϴѽֻ˵ϴƨɵ绨ʶԡϴϴȥĿɰǰܵܶʮµСˣϴѽοҲûôԡѽ
ϴһֵۣСӣû뵽Щǲð죬㵱ӵȥЧЩΰ죬㵽ĴҶȥ룡ڽߣѳԣ泡档
ҫǣӦ²¡
 

12 ... 

̶¶ĸ塣Ҳ˾ϲʱϲƣذҪΪȮӰڡϴơ

أ......Ҷ澪ű۹˷ܵʣ˹˹.ӰŮรװĵأҪ˹˹ӰҲҪ˳
Ҷǰһͷϴ§ϴĲŽţϲӷǶϴȻ֮ǺǵЦˣЦþϲ㡣
Ҷͷ˵ɵСӣ¥أһͰϲ⸱ӡ˵Ŀɨҫϣһ϶Ҫ̬

ҫϸ˿ã˹˹.ӰǴ˿ϰл͵лȥϰ尲һʱֻⷢеֻ˻ﱾùʴ£˼̲סȥϰ鿴ͺͬϰʶƭӵƭ֣ҵºϰǧлΪлصضӰ͸ѰĳӣмڿһۣӰȻͶˡĳͣǵΪɷүִŵƢԽֹ˳»ǴſķŮ߹̺ǲİ档
еĺóʮʲôҶ治ѡĳӡǴʱ˿Ҳܵ˸׵淢ֻöѳһº͵Ц˵ɲЩʧ飬޺ٸ㿪

ҾҪ˹˹ӰϧϧϲŮϧϧ˵ٿ˵ľ䣬ҪҪ
Ҷˣˣġţϴյү˵ǳë޺ٿ
รϧϧ˭ѽϲ˹˹.ӰЩƷζ ϴʡ
ǰϧϧͬŮͬѧѧУУҶŲȥҡŸ׵ĸ첲档
ţϸȰѧҪٵˣЩȥɡλС˼ȥʱȡţϻδ˵꣬Ծʧԣһͷ

ϴĿӳҫϣƬ˵ɲ飬ֲǲáǲãϸǰҲῪȥͬŮڶ̲磬ö̲С㳵ŮĿɨһ۳ҫϣҫϻŵõͷһһ۾
˾ϳȥ˹˹ʹүѧȥϸЩ
Ҷسȥͺݺ˸һڣŪϴľϲôֲĶӣһҹĹ⾰ײ뿪ߵĺӣ˿衣˹ɵĶӣܲǧ˳

Ҷ棬Ҷܿɲշ
ϴҶܵķ䣬ҶѱȥԼԷͭϡ
ҶܲڱĿԣƾ˭˵ƴ죬ҶܾǡӪ-һԲˡ
ţ۵Ӱ䣬˵үͲرܶˡ⺢Ӳûݸ֣үͷȥɡ
ϴһ䣺Сӻ󣡾Ͳѱ
תţϷԸȥԸӸŪԵģԱ˷ս

ҶƣʹΪҩҲ۲ҩģЩʣ֪˯ˡԺУߴߴŮ˵Ȼۣ߻ŽذӵһȺŮˣӰߵһ䣺ȥ
һĬ̫ЦĳһǴҶܵϷˬ˵ˣ⺢ӣﻹСߵʲôؼңظıˣպЩСǶָء˭Ƕûء
ĸҶ뵽ѼȦúˮǶߴߴѼӣ˵ķġְ˽ŵŪһҲЧЩ߿ˡ

ţ϶һţҶߺţܶԣԿڷͨˣԷˡţʱܳϵţ棬ϲԵģһ
ҶܱĿò˵һ䣺̫̫ζܺ𣿡
ţһίˮӿ£֪ӶȻ̰ͼҪ¡
ܶˡʱƢأʰ㲻ڻ¡úǰﵣµġ߲ܶ˵ģɡţȰš
ϣҶܱŭһڣ룡
Ҷܷۣٲһľǿ
ŵţϳž͹ϴǰͷ󣺡үѽĸȥɡ֪ܶӣ׼¶ʮƥ治Բȵİȥ
־ʳ𣿺ãҫϣȥ˿ȥϴŭ𣬷Ըĳҫϵ
ҫϳȰǿ²Ǹ취ܰѶܰڴһһѽôСˣء
ϴŴҴȣСӣƨƢ治Сܲϸѽ
е̶ڻ߿ĿģͿһ󣬳ҫϺţ϶ȥΪ

ϴתҫϷԸ϶ȥµͽˣǴӲܻܵתͷϵСʣ
ҫüͷЩΪѡ
죬͵ʱ䡣ûҲңϴݺݵ
̫յǰ򱧲ƽֹţү⻰̫ûˡԼĶղ϶շС¿ƾʲô϶ѽ
ۼϴ࣬ͷ𣬳ҫæЦסĸ׵ţȴĴɤŵӾΪˡ첻£ӵ򡮵Ѽӡÿ
ҫƤЦЦݶʧǰٵĻ¡ЩʣƾʲôС˿˷ƾʲôǨŭ

Ҷڴգˮδֻͷӷ顣
ܾǳجΣȴٳδܴج
űۣۣǰǴ纬ЦգʣܣôɫôѿִˣܣȥˣܣǸֺôôƤ

Ҷܷһ۵磬𣿡
ҶۻһСŮ˵ﱧֻèЦ
磬ҽ¡˵峺Ȫˮ˿˶ǡ
ֻè......һȥҶܵĴϡ
æȥץèźèë˵СڣҲô𣿿иˣͲҺˣֻ͸׽Ľ˵ãǸӡô²Ǹкأ˵ŮǮĻֻèءҶܲ룬һѵ̫̫Ҳ֪Ůķ̫̫Ůڿ硣
ҶܶЦЦЦﶼǲҵССͶŮľɹӰ죬ĺ

ΪʲôԷղſǳ뷹ءһֱڿޣ˵Щ궼û϶ٺ÷¸źè˵ǰܱɶӣԸȥ
ҶܷĻЦһ죬̧ۿȥǡҫϽ
£Ϣ㱧èȥ档ҫϴץֻè˲ӺƤ˦ȥһԡèίһշ......һವسȥҲšСڣСڡ׷˳ȥ
 

13̸ ... 

Ҷڴգˮδֻͷӷ顣
ܾǳجΣȴٳδܴج
űۣۣǰǴ纬ЦգʣܣôɫôѿִˣܣȥˣܣǸֺôôƤ

Ҷܷһ۵磬𣿡
ҶۻһСŮ˵ﱧֻèЦ
磬ҽ¡˵峺Ȫˮ˿˶ǡ
ֻè......һȥҶܵĴϡ
æȥץèźèë˵СڣҲô𣿿иˣͲҺˣֻ͸׽Ľ˵ãǸӡô²Ǹкأ˵ŮǮĻֻèءҶܲ룬һѵ̫̫Ҳ֪Ůķ̫̫Ůڿ硣
ҶܶЦЦЦﶼǲҵССͶŮľɹӰ죬ĺ

ΪʲôԷղſǳ뷹ءһֱڿޣ˵Щ궼û϶ٺ÷¸źè˵ǰܱɶӣԸȥ
ҶܷĻЦһ죬̧ۿȥǡҫϽ
£Ϣ㱧èȥ档ҫϴץֻè˲ӺƤ˦ȥһԡèίһշ......һವسȥҲšСڣСڡ׷˳ȥ

ˣƢѽҫߣƤп΢ţ͸һ˵ϢȰԵСܵܰȥҶܵĶͷҶ˦ͷҫϲ˵ϲϵҪˣ֪СܸϰıˡԼ룬Щ˸ҵ𣿵ڽôý˽֪ĶӲ𣿡ҫ֮ԱǣѣֻøһѰȫķˡ
Ҷ֪ҫϹƶ˵Ľƻν棬óСӲٵĿֱ֪ʲô⡣

ãӣϲҲϣܰﵽ㡣Լ£Ӧңȥ̸ͬã㲻ϣǾͲ̸ˡ 
ҫϸ߰۸ӴϲԵҶܣҶܲ
һãĩؼסվТܲΪɣ̸Т
ڶͬΪУҲýй¶á
ϻҶСˡ
áвڣôүⲢɣУТӣЩĸ˼һӵԸǱӣβܸ˼ɨˣ㾡ТװҲҪװЦģӦһ

ҶţЩ̣Ҳûϸֻ֣ΪʲôؼͻȻͷˣѵ޿κˣ
Ϊ㣬ֻǲ˽ȥܾˡ
ҶܽŽɵųҫϣմĳҫϣȻˣҪãĪʲôΣҶܱԣ˵Ҳ˵񣬾ͱĿ
ȻҲڰԼҫϵĻ⡣ҶܻȻظԳҫϸǶв
ǻҸִ֣ͬ类үӴùͷˡȳϣԸܾ;ܣֻǽ϶ӣȥȥҲᱻͻҫϵ

ҫϳ˷ţ¥ȵòͷ
ҫϵͲ̫Ӽȥĵȴ磬һͷġ
ҫ̧ͷһĸ룬ֻôһһЦתȥ
үɵȥ̫ǽһ˳ҫȥһԽʣ϶ԸиüĿˣСֻϵͷүүѽò㡮ѼӡɣѽѽڵĲͣ汻үӵȥ¥һ٣Щ۸Ҳ˵ǶѽȥϴٱүӰ˵򡮵Ѽӡ£պڽѽ
ۿˣƯˣȥ˯ɽơҫԷȥȴһǡ

Ҷڴշתֽ࣬űýŲĿռޡ
ĸţӯӯ˵ܶǲϵҲԼи̣ҲˡҶܱĿܽʵүѾµ֣һ裬һЦȻﻹЩꡣ
ţ˵뽯үȰȰģ˵ú˴£ضүһ˸ˣдʲôĴȥ£鲻ضүץȥΣûҪ飬Ǳһˡ
ҶһԾȴڴϣǰЩʱΪ˶ԶõĿһ¡ִֵңͬѦԼ֣ǴֹסǣϵؽֹԴΥѵȥǻˣǷݰߣ޲óÿ
ܶүɡôүȥ
ĸһ仰һòϴĹƣ
ǣԥشһ֡

Թ緹ϴòͽ죬ɨ˳ҫһʣҵĴүԱˣǴﰤأѽ¥Ů࣬ôһ٣˶ȥ
ҫһĵЦݵ϶ʲôʱ򲻿ѽƾһ仰ֻʱֿǹһˡԭãҹηȰһܻܶתģ˭֦ˣõĺ϶ǻǣ¹ݶ棬ץúЩȥ
ϴסʣʲôǵ¹ݣ
ҫ赭дⲻȥô̽ء
ɳĵӣҫϴȥǰ˵ˣոӰɡοȰһܶóϷؿͷϸ
ϴ۴ӣԵĿģ˻ЦĵٷϻȥѰͱӣԼȥҸط˿ӵõúôһ١
ҫί
ȥȥϴŭּۻˣƤˡ
ҫ֪δŭڨڨŸǰҪѰ棬ȴ¥һУүˣ

ϴವƲ³ҫϳȥ¥ϣֱҶǼ䷿ǰ龰Ŀɿڴ
ҶܣȻڴ£סֽŵǷָڴͷβ˿̣ǱǰڴͷһӲ֪βҶܵĲӣ˰ŵģӾͱȴһͬӲʬ塣
ܶܶϴʧУˣѽѽ
һӷطȥϣȥҶܲϵҶѾϣնۺ飬Ѿû¶ȡϴ󷢷Ƶ˺סҶܲţˣˣܶѣѣˣأ£

ҵĶѽţϳţһһ飬һεڵءһȺ룬ྪʧ
ҫϽ룬æ⿪ڴϵҶͷƽһ򢳯죬ͷţնֱǰһתתֻʣشϢϴȻһʣӲд
ԼѱСǣǷ·ɿҪҧ˵ĲֵСޣ񾲾ڴһƵپǴߴҲ˰ȡ
ϴͷȻһЩĸо͵غһϴףյͷҧѹֵʹľŷĸоڸǣ˼ܶܶ˵仰ֻһ仰ڣۿʪˡʮ꣬ɱ飬Ѫƺûζɬɬģӿȥɤ˿ڴϵĶӻǿߣҲ˰šûҲٵ翹Ըӻô֪ȻҲȴ˿ĵ絶ڲϢߡ

Ҷ΢Ŀڣغ
Χһţϴ󵱻ϱŭشȣӹȥԶԶġ
Ŵ򿪣죡򿪣ҫ򶨵طԸţȥҪͨȥȥ
ҫϳǰݷ˵һѳҶܵ¿ۣһѣ¶ػ
أȥѽϴţ±ܶȥ
ϴҶܵͷĴ˵Сӣûµģ㿴ŵ㡭ϴ󺰽һ󣬿ҶǾǿ͸ίô䶯΢˿ڣȴãȻ۾Ҫ˵ʲô
һѹסصؿ

ҫϾˣδ׿ޣ׾;øǷ״򲻶ĽգŭĿԲǷθױˣѪģڲϣȴذο˵϶ޣޣӺֻѪġ
Ӳһĸ׾Ȼˣ޵ôʹġ
·ᶼݳޣǡءϸ߹һ߲ʡ
һԾؿţԼۿʪ󣬽ģͷ֪θˡ
 

14 ... 
 
 
ѶҴұһֻԸҶܺúϢվͺá
ֲ鿴Ҷܲĺۼҡͷ˵ģôأڷֵüʱȻ¾ûˡ
ϴðһͷòǣò⺢ѰҪšףֻ뵽µƬ̼䣬һһӵͰˡ

ϴԸҫȥߴִˡ
ҶҲ˵ҶŤǽڲȥĺяѾ͸ţϴ·һ˦ѣ漴ţصĿ
ҲҪذʵĶϴŭһ
ҶܳĬ
ϴһ˵㲻˵ˣϴԼڴӦòǿ־壬ѵǷŭﻹŭڶ£̲סһҶܱڻƴҡɵӣ
ʣǷʹĵѾԱ
ȴҶܿԼѵɳţͷƬΪȥѰ

ϴһ㶣ȻȻӵĻҭˣҲ֪ȥҲذʵĶҪοЩʱ龰ɶһ룬Ѿ򿪣Ǹֱ۵Ӳ֪εɻףŪɳ׾ҶܵͷЩҶ˷Ҫ⿪ܣؼʱʧ֣´µڼͷӲûɿһϵ׿ۣסۣǻۣûˡ

ϴתҶܵͶƨɴ˼ƣһһ£ܣѽ㱾µģܣ
ҶһҲί
ϴ˼йߣȴֲ۵Ϊ˵ʵˣԼӣѧղʧֲ㶪С
ˮＷһ֣ϴæӦһ䣺ããˮѽˮأ
ˡ̫ſӦźСѾ߶ͭ裬ֽ
Ҫȵˮϴ
ˡ̫ŤŽӶˮҶܷҲȵȡ룬ֻ˺غȡ

Ҷܵشϱۣ·ʱڹŹǰһ⡣ʱ˳ǰУҲΪ֮һǽ飬ĺڷ޲ߵǻԼؼڶĵжԣذֻΪ˶Ըã˵ı顣Į飬ΪʲôôںֻΪѪҺ
ǾƣߣҶܾȻ˯ˣȴ١ϴһĿ˯Ҳ˽飬ţϡţϲſǻ֪ĸʹ˵ɵûܶ˯㶼ʮ꣬û˶ϱЦȥţȥ

ҶˣۿǰģӰ
ֵͷ­ز¾ϴ󣬶ͷƷɫ㲵ĸţϣݸֲ㶵ںǳҫϡ
ܶⶼﲻãͺﲻҪɡǸˣͬү㣬ʵĳ£ѿѽ±Ц㡣·ϣС̥ˣҲͦŸӡǰǴӶӹˣ䶼ǽ̿ûӰڻ¡¡ʱԶʱġҼСͷһ⣬ܲѰô£ԸȥǱըɷ߶ǽԺѰ߹ޣϴˮ꣬ڵЩºӣüѹ˹ô 
С㣬ụ̂СүޣҪˡС˵Ҹطֿ̳ԡҾͲŲ¶ӵС㣬һôһţǳһţǰߡôߡôߡ̫ɽģСүͿޣǰѵ·ϣС㲻ѣ˵ĺӣģҺƴҡţϳҭҭĽϴ·ڻĽҰ潹·˱ӡ
ǵһ˼ңȥֿڷԣǼ̫̫˺ã̼ιүô˼ʡǼأСʹ𣬱Ҹըˡ
ϴһۣţֻ˿ޣ˿û죬ߣ̫̫ˣ˼ʲôôƺѽС㶣ͿͥԺһصҶ˵Ҷ

ϴ˵Ǻڻѹţ޿߶ţǾסʲô˼Ķġ밾¶ӣǣþڵĶӻˣǸֺеǼСúãҪȢ˵šС㲻ϣ˾ҹ﷭ӽŵСüôҹߡôһӣɽԽģҾɽ֣ܶܶҲСģ˵ݵӳϡɽǣԻȹҲһߡ

ϴһǹЩҵŮʲôӡ
Сȥ̸ֿӳԡȥˣûл˵Сɽˡ׷ȥɽ£ͣˡҲ֪ȶ֪ҵòСͱȥѰ˵С㡭ǰ˵λӸǼ˴ȥ仰ȥ⹫úţ

ţϱҶܵͷߣܶģƫ磬Ǵүүû̫̫ûˣҪ֪ͼ㲻ûģ̫̫ΪġʱȶԼĺҪá˿̣ȸԣү۴޵ġ
Ҷۿʪˣ૵ΪʲôҶܣȴٸнԹҲ࣬ȡ֮Ρ

ֳôóѽ֪ү˵ٲ¾Զû㽲ˣôῪڡţصؿţͷʱҫһԹصͷ˵Ҷܣ龭˰ɣ컯Ūˣ˭ҲԹòǵİţôӾΡ
Ҷһʱ
ϴԼ˵ʲôҶܣӽأܣҪ̲֪ذĶӣܣ

Ҷ˼࣬ϴԱ߿ţʳҫϣҫϣԸĲ£ˣ
ҫɻʣˣġⲻǲ𣿶Ҳ㽻
Сӣްܵڵʽˣ
ҫϻȻżﰵԽпֻ࣬˲䣬һתЦܷġһ÷ġʹĸˣ˼ϡϴҫϡǵĸʱ˵պСһϴ硣
ϴҡͷЦ浱ǰ»ɽϴء
ϴʲô裿ҶƵʡ
ҫϽ㵸˵ɻǵǰ곤ʵҵ˾Ф³İ̫գĴ·ŵƽʵĻУµĸ⡣
ϴЦ磺ʲô󿨳ϸܣܹܵ浱ϴ裿ǺǣСóٺ٣ٺ٣ϴ˵Ѱ˼ţסЦֲЦҡͷϲ ҫ˼磬ʲô⵽ﶼӭж⡣⼬ֵ飬׵ģû
Ҷòͨ죬ŭĿųҫϣһȭ

Сһ˵ģŹ͸Ļˮһ˵㲻֪Ŷⶨ̲ϣץ̻ôѵá˵ԡϴɣͷͶˡƩ̻µҹܻᡢĳСͷˣݿʹգùһУ˵ϴɣĿ˱ضҪģſ񵥹˱ȻΪȥƴҲǱʲС룻أϴȻƽϴôӱϾϡ棬Щ֣أĹֵ֣ܶһ˲ĵģվŻųȥλܵܵƬȺãŶЩЩС̫̫ǱȻ֮͡Գ齱ԡƱԵȥһúˮ۷硣

ҶܱܻϴѾЦǰϣ˶Цָͣ˳ҫϵ϶ܶͷˡЦ߿ȵ̫̫Сôɵϴģ
ŶôûУĪ˵Ů˿ˣ磬˶Ҫ˵ϡҫϵ٩ĻڣҶѾֻһˣȴϡϴЦͣڻ˵ϸ죬ˣġҵĶӣЩ⡣

ƫˣ᲻öܱ⣬ðҫϴ򡮵Ѽӡ˿ҫ̸죬ģζĺӡϴЦƶ죬ͳȴúСܹ⣡
ӵļƣҫҡִ˵أʱЩƱǱ롣ߣ̻µЩˣϰϲùӣǮҪ˫ݵġܵܲظвͯء
ϴЦֱСӣȥûҪסֻҰèٲߣһȥԡͰϴһ飬øˢӰǵ۶ˢɾ

ҫĵ£ŵſھͱ׺ס϶
ͷ׶ԸǱߣͲȥˣȥһ⣬ȥǸӡ鷿ӳ֪ġ
ҫӦ£ֻſڴţģЦȫޣȻˮһ
ǽߣڸ׺Ҷܣӣӣ˺ˣ㻹ѽˡҫϴǶġ

ҫϴǹ˿ЦĮȻģڻζɫԡ۵ƺһŲˮɽһĵǱĲսѸԡŪˮսսıڵؾˮ¡ﱧԡ۽ǡһˮȥϣ֯۶һƬˮա
ѽ϶ôˣүǹܹܶѽ۵ĿϵˮӶ˱һĴЦ龰ĿѾԶȥȴֻصǰ
棿ҫ룺ٳڵĻľЦˣ
Ը뱸ʦүһЦ˵ȲãӴ˾糯ඡ
ҫһЦԳԿ۵Ļٲҵġ
 


15ǵ ... 
 
 
ҫС绰սͨĸ޵ãͷֻ˸ߴߴУ̫̫ٱɽ
ҫϲعµ绰˭Ѹֹһˣɼʮ̶Ů
Ҫˡ
ţҫϸ밲รҪضѽѽһ·أഩѣ羢ܵܣܵܺܺѽţһʾǵõһֱ˵иӣһҪϴ׼Ŷõģõģ鷳˵Σȥžǡ
ҫϽЦ»Ͳʱͷϵİ˸ϲؽУϴϴ
ҫϲͷֻ˸üͷ

ҫڳŸֶ汨бģѹ֧ģձѵģͬٸģɫɫ㻨˰εĹüĿȻ٣ڰƴ꣬Ҷ֪̫үϰʶұۣϰ˳ЩҲ̫ƽϡ
ҫ˵λЩҫϵ岮Щֵܣһˣ¶°ɡЩռˣռ˱˳Կأܲеðȵġλ飬澡ҳҫȶ̸£ȥү̸ɡ
˽Ƭ̣ڳǡ
ڵضɽҡһƬ٣ĽУҫϴչĳãԹزĵǸɫ£·˳ʱĳƴ

һȻЦǳȥʦү޵ѽȻӢǣүյķ緶
ҫǫع̵з
һĿЦ˷ʦүЦʣһˡ

ҫϻصУĸӭ˵϶ǻˣһֱѰ㡣
٣ѽҫϻȻ򣬷ӸĸʣʲôҺȥýη𣿡
ûû˵Ǳ߳ʲô飬֮ûй̫̾
ҫҶܷ䣬Ҷܿھ˵Ҵȥ
ҶܲһЦˣܣ
ֻ㵽ãܵȻеͬˣãһֻסҫϿǽϣһװֲ㶵ӡһѩѣͷڣ񣬺ȻҶܣ𣿡
ҶֻܲʣΪʲôϰң
㣿ǰүӡôѰٻ֣ҲġҫзۣЦЩļթ
ȥˣٿɲźˣҫ˵
Ҷߡ
վסҫֹסָָ˵ȥүӷ˴ѽ

򿪴ҫݵĳԾ£ȥ¥¶̨ҶܱȻʣ𣿡
Ҷܶ˵£ֻɫ¶̨ȻһЦ
߰ɣ·ڣҷԸǷϴƳȥġҫ˵Ҷᣬ·ϴ󣬹ȻǱϴġֻǲΪʲôҫϿϰڼ罯ε˼һеǰ

ҫϿϡظڰɽ氵ӿĶ̲
ӰڳҫϿŵϣбѩѣȴδȼ·Ӥθһ΢̵ġ
Ҷʣ
ҫϱ߿ص˵㶵Լ
ҶȥϿ½װĶȴǺһ̽£Ȼ˳ҫϵС
ȻһɲҶܵͷݺײȥ粣۵ѣκͷʣôأ
ҫȴʲôأأ
㣬㶵......Ҷһ̬Ƕɲ⣿

ҫб۵·𱻵Ϸһ㣬΢ƨɺĶµ̺Уʹͼ 
ݸҶʱָⶼǵ̲Ϣ
ǲǿ㶵СƨҶίУҫϾ㵵û˵ֻ̺У̡
ҶܻȼΪҫϵ̣ҫҲƴǣ̼һ·ȥá
ʲôˣõĵٴǹΧסҫϵĳ
ϳҫϣţҫϣô㣡
ҫȻ̣Ҳǣ˿һԵҶܣţүүˡ 
ҫɨһۺǹʵİڵӣҶƲƲ˵Сʱ˰š

λֳֻǲԶ
磡Ҷͨһڴ罯εǰʱΰڰ˵ɡ
ϣضүˣôý㣬㲻𣿡Ѧ첻ˣֻ񿴵綼׽ٲִͬȲʣҶأ
Ȱ裬ﷷӦãã罯̾һҶ˵ܣôˣϰûΪɣ˵㱻ץȥҪ뷽跨ȥ㣬ȴΤү֪ϰӣôһ£ʡ

ϣ벻С๵ﻹѽǸϴ֣ʵڣһ仰Ҷȴأ磬СܴӲ֪£֪ģСܵ
ͣͣ˵㵱ڹϴͨ籨ţһҹĸͷүӵѽѦš
ûУҪԩˣҶյпѱ硣
ܣ𱸵һۡ
˵أ֪Լ̫ӣñԿࣿѦԹƽգҶһͬԴǹལһȻ󱻴ʹһٻϼƲſϰݡ·ʿܿ磬ֻԴ簧磬Ҷίʵ֪飬νˣҶҪԸ
֪Ŀ࣬ϴ֮ǵҲ

˴ˣǱ׵ôԸأ˵Ҷܼ𣬶ŵҶܶзģ

˵ܣôشһƨɾͼɺ
ƽ׵ϸϵ̫ӣҲ׵£ƨҲֵѦҶܵȻ죬езȻ˭õĸǣϴ¡
ĳ˵ϴȻǻʳӣôġȥ˿ڸѿ򼸰ƾʹɣӴӣҲûʲô˵ġ
ѽСǱġĸҲ˵Сɵ˸ԶԱ⡣

һ˿۾ʱѪŨʤˮѪǿ̣ע޷ͷ
䣡ҶֵܼжӣŲϡҡӾˣѰһȥҶǴģûд磬ҶͺʬͷذʵѪδҡҶֻдõĸǣҶܲߣ
粻ܸģȫܸ㡣ãɽعݣǷˡݾ˴ɱɱƴһδϸĵλܻǰ̣Ϊˡ
մһҶ类һˮ£ģԭزߡ
 


16һݺ ... 
 
 
ܣȻȥϰٲãҲ׵Ӳĸ󣬹ӼƶҪϵġպﻹãƾѡȻȥɣѾͷöͲҪôҺԺˡȥ˵ҽֹ˼ҸϣˡĳعȰ
ҶŷģԭǸйģûоʵغ䣺磡Ȼ

δʦˣذʵĻͱȥһߣֵŵӭδʦ
Ҷϵδ״ģôƯĹ˾Ǵյͬѧ
δʦһ˵Ĺ˾ʤ̫СضүɱʵзѲ֤֤ȷ䡣һΪӣҶ̽˵δ״ʹǮأǮǶ͡
ǣǴүƴѽѦصҶһۡҶ֪絶춹ģƽͬˮݣؼʱֵһĵġ

δʦҡͷЦ˵Ĺ˾ôٶǮ¶ûãΪүÿϺõĹײİɡ
ӭ类һҭסҶȻ̱λ·죬·𿴵ƽ۰Ķ絹ѪС
Ҷүҵ˵ظǸүҫͬ˽鲻ģ˵ȥһЩӵġֻпЩˣʦøǳЩӵġδʦһ仰˵ĿͶҶܡ

һعȥҳҫϣ֪ô졣Ҷܲ˼̳ľġ
ܣ̫ΪѣˡǳҫϹƶˣǺȰ
ҾͲôӣСͶ̫Ӻ֮ǣѦĻǵȥذ̸ûʲôȶҪҶＷ֡
ܣϼֵȥɣҲиӦ˵
Ҷ˵ҲãҾʹ߰ɡͬС޲£ƽǿɿ
Ҷįȥߵ¥£ɩӼȥһԣҿ˵˶࣬粻ֱ˵ܣڴӦҺѩȥ仧ǲסؼңͺһ߰ɡֻǧҪ¶Ϣ˵֪ȳضͰý
ʲôʱߣҶܾϲʣԭʧɢȡ֮˷ܡԭѩų飬ͬ
ž¸ˣɩӼأҲͷˡɩ˵ûá

Ҷܻظһ˫˫Ŀӭ¥ݡ
ҫʣԺͳҫ̸ʽס
Ѱʲôŷȥã鷿ءϴⲽ¥
Ҷͷ˵̸̸ͬ
ϴЦˣЦôмҡͷ˵Сӣ̸̸ʲôһ޼ɵĴЦЦҶͷš
鷿Ҷܴ½öİӣϴͷҡɹģԥ£ð졣ɣ²̸ˡܺڻ׬ǮȥĲӮ˾׬˾⣬֪ģ˭϶䲻ɱˡ׷׷ôǻһ˰ˣѵǮ󣿡ϴ㵸ؽ⣬һѭѭյؽҶܸ㲻һ㡣
Ҷʧ֮Ŀ䣬ҫһȰǲ֪ЩҲ̰úܣһΣպǾβ󲻵Զ㡣˭ԸմȳԼ鷳

Ҫ죡ˣϴһŭȵҫϣҫϻæڡ
ãˣףԼȥҶֵܼҾͲžȲҶ硣
ܣҪ嶯ȥҫ̲סȰ衣
ҶȴֵֻҪһҶ

ϴͬҫϻһۣΪΣҶ˹ִ
СӣֹƢӻϴ˼εҶܡ˵ɣҪôſϰңҶֻϴ˵оϴûа취ֻǲϷۡ
ϴ´Ҷ˵ԶӣˣҪظԹԵڣͷϵöӡ
һ֮УҶ
˽壬һԾŶ˵ˣҪ쵽ϴ˵
Ҷ룬ͷϵΪ˾ȶҲֻõͷöӣ̫顣֮ӦŻѰɡصͷֻͷ­ǧ

ϴãæԳҫϷԸ϶ȥ״£ǮʹáԼȥʷ֧ȡ
ܺͿôҲ£ؿ˿ڣЩëպ͵ôߣģҫϼõɴۡ
ֵѵϴν黹ûȫأξ㽫ˡ죬Ĵ㡮Ѽӡÿһӷ⣡ϴֵ
ҫʿĻҲǿȥֻĿί͵һ۸ֹǶȥˣһº϶ͷˡ
ֻ߹ҶʱҫϺݺݵһ֡ҶȴɿϴȻӦɰ

˵ҶȥãҶ汧ŻڻʲôģθûܣС߰ͣģֻɵӲΪҾġ
Ҫ֪ͼûнЩܼãĸεİζ飿ţֹš
ҶǰҪȥץŵҶϴ߷޷޵ˡܶԽѩǷ˼Ǽ氢ܲѩ񣬴Ҵææѩ˼ҡ

ҵӣҲ޸ܡϴɱɱģŮ˵ĵ̫ܰƽǼ޸齳Ҳȸ˽ĺӺáţ˵ƽϴȴͷ̾Ϣ˵⻰ҲееС㵱˵޶ӱ߹ǣǴˡСʱôȰңְɣɡת۶ʮʮꡣ̾Ϣ䣬ϴȻ⡮ϴ硯ֵö̲ҵ֪ҲáྡؼҵүǷޣ

ҫɸ¥⻰͸͵˵ء˵λܵڣֵúϲ£ģյ绰ϴ£꣬ҪϹصġж壬֪λܵܵϲ£һٶҪʽ䣬⡣
ãϴǾ͸ԡ磬ϴϴһĴȵϡ
Ҷ汾Ҫֵȥϴ裬ôУأϴѽѽͬѧҪЦġ
ϴϲ
ϴҶľǿ
ܳ㡣
Ǿԡϴ
¥á
Ҫ
Ǹϲɣõĵ¹ʲôʲôһ٣Ҫ
ϴۿŶӶ̣ƺѰȤ

үһݺ񣬵ˡʦүЦտ˵һ׸ߵĳӹشүϲ˫ӡ
ҫüͷһ֪Ϣͨ˵Ҳʱ
˭ôѽҫϷԣΪ׵̡
ǣնС
ҫһأʱȥ𣬶Ȼձѽѽ
˻ȥлˣϵļ£˵Ĵͳ֡ձҲСϴϰ𣿡ϴһۡ
ҫϺӦУôûУ˼ҿɲǡϴǡϴЩձˣڿɲһվϴ裬ŵ·ŮѧСϱܵġѹִ˵Ӷɺ˽ȥɣֶء
ʦүЦãĿ𱸵һ۳ҫϣҫסЦʦү˵үװɡֲ̧Цˣ˼ͺ񡣡

٣ٺ٣ֵܺ䣬ǰڱƽСձĺ񣬵ڶӾͱձ˸ըѪˡģģҶǰǵҲյĸһըҩȥ
ҫ̽̽ٲȻвС˵̫̫ŷǩ˵ܵײա֣أҾˡ
ʦү˼Ƭ̣ҫִ˵ٲȻ˵ֵܰܺҵŻȻʼ̯Ʋ졣
˱Ц
ϴһ˵ҶӺﷸˣй˾ͺǰըҩ˵Ĺյķˣ
ҫϺǺǵĵЦֵ˼ɵĺôѪͬء
ҲǼ֮󣡡ϴ
ЦһţҫϲͷҶܣͷһοЦЦͬá

ҫ˵ܣǸ£ЩüĿˡϴ󣬺϶Ȼƽ»áƭ㣬㾡תߣҲҡ
ҫϹȻôһӾ͸㶨ˣҶܽŽɵؿﰵ룬Ƕƽ£سӵĴϷҲˣֻǶûȥˣ˻֪Ҷذʵӡ
 

17̫ݵ ... 
 
 
ʱ֣Ҷⲽڻ԰ϵĽзϡļٻܣҶҲ
߼ͷϴԵĴձھͲԶš
ЦŵƽʣƮƮѾϲ󣬽
СģСģˣǵƤܼӶٻֻ̧ԭľͰ
Ҷæͷ˵ǸλүϴͰ
Ҷֻܺ˶ľԡͰָ̧ܼȥͥԺдһһ׸ߵ̨ϡ̨źձŲϵŲ̨һ̫ʦΡ
ֻľͰͶ˶̨С
̨ϵϲ˦ţطԸϣǷöͭǮ˵طԡǷֺܲġҪģ˭ϴϴòĵģǺҪȥġүһ˵ããӶڻµġ

һλСƴڨŶЦţϲͿðɡ˵ͰֻȻ¾ͲŲˣүǶôˣϴ𣿡
û䣬ϲӾһ˵ޣͯ޼ɵġɲϴȻοģ
СƾںٺٻЦʱ͵ۿµҶܣֹһ䣺ѽ
СӣֲǹҼңߵʲôϲȥͰȷϸɾ޳ԸϲŴͼĺӾ͸ϲͰϣĽǴѹǶСӡ

̨ǡҶһԣϲæϥ˵ϲүˡ
ҶžϴЩ죬ͥ¹ȻҪԡֵ뷨ЩóĶӳʱԡ磬ȥСһ˸СƬʱϲﲻʮ֡
Ҷܿ߼¥ϴʸףʹˣοֻƵķŪǡȡ֣ݹͷߡ

ǡҶɳеӣӳԹӡ
ʲôأҶʣǲм
ȥˣҶʡ
˭ҶʣҧһѼ˵˼ҵĺ˼ҵģ¾ͻ£㲻ܺѽָͣġ

ͷȥˣ
ҶôʣҶ潫ԶԶȥǽһͰ˵ȥ̫̫ˣͷ
̫̫ҶܻȻϴĸף
һָҶ棺ſãǰڲ
Ҷ˱˱ָ˵ѹϴϴԸϴʲôȥһġ˵ˣԹԵϴˣһܳһ̨
ˣҶܻð˵Ϊ㶫͵ڱˣŪ
ǲǷ˭ûϴأⲻòѽǷǵҲڲѽûѽ㿴нյķ⣬Ҫô͵ӵ֡Ҷһ仰ڣҶܷȭϣ໵һҽУҶһĨȥѪһѪֱ

ס֣ϴ̫̫ŽţܣǰסҶҶܣһѷֿһ䣺ˣ
ҶܲƿϴɽȥߣŵҶ˺أ۸ңҪҡ
̫̫ŵȳСţ˭Ҷұ
Ҷֿ죬ȥһѷס̫̫ڹ۵Ŀ޳̡̣
̫̫ϲ§ҶҶţҵıĸζѽǻ
˱ͷޡ

ǱҶܻϴץסӻϴʵ˵£ôˣ
ŭСӣյʣЩ
Ҷܴ˴ͷ¶
¥̫̫Ѷ̫̫ʰ̫̫ڵһ̫ʦҶ֣Ҷϥ£ĹСëϴɾƤ۵ģһ˫Ĵ۾δᣬݰ̫̫̾úѽĸƼѽ
ɳȥϴһźСĵʡ
½ᣬܲ⣬µľ̫ʦνʵľͷ̤ʵ̫̫΢ĵɵɣ˼ֶɨһ۸밲ţ˵Ҷá㷿Ѿͷźӣźϴˡĸӹ֦ͷ͵˷ˡүҺ񣬾ĸӣҵŮˣƼ֪ӡƼˣؼպСˣƼĶӣҪ֪ġ

˵ģӡϴԲЦ
ǲһӣ·ףýȢĴģƼ״Ԫŵڣŵԣʲôʲô֡⺢ӣôҰûأҶôˣĸͷ𣿡

ϴһ㶣ͷȻ򣬲źٺЦ˵ⲻһҿСӴܣСĸסˣûϾǰءܶȥ̿ͷȥ
Ҷ̫̫ĸ׼̵Ļ߿ǰţæȥ˵⺢ӣôŵˣ̫̫֣⺢ûʲô棬ܶôˣƽʱͦصģȥ̫̫ĸͷȥ
Լϴѹߺһв
Ҷܱĸ͵̫̫ǰԸعǿĸͷһϷˡ

̫̫ﲻмغ¶ĵЦ˰ɣӣҤղô
Ҷһ̧ͷĿҧ̫̫һİҸҵۣˣСӣŶѽûиءϴôܶӵģҽѵ
ϴĸױŭæǰ񵹲裬ǱҪѹҶܰȥɳϣţûйأĵù㣡־ƿҶܵĺҶϴһ˰㻹ҶҺ㣿

Ȼһ仰Чϴȥ䣬Ҫǳ°ǣŵţϿڶģүˣˡ컹Ҫϴء
ϴһַſҶܣͷЦ˹ĸ˵ϴˣʵسƨɣ˸ֻ컹ϴأƤģһ˿Цȥա
̫̫ǿһ߳һ䣺ԶЩ
ϴӦ!Ҷһɫʾȥ
Ҷܹģͳţֵĸ˳ˣȥͲŴ򲻷С¿ӡ

ϴҶ뿪̫̫ҶµĶֻ꣬Ҷʺůס̾ţ⺢ӣƼüĿģҲǵƤˮһЩ꣬ɳ˲ٿɣ
Ҷӣһ̡£ʼԼͯıҡ

ϴתס˶ӵ߿࣬ĸϴѳЪƬ̡øն͵ĸ˵ܶһӣСߣûҽеģܾͺˡ
ߣдӾ͹ˣͿĸǸС˵־ӡҲ㲻ʱͿʲôŮ˲ø㣬Ѹ绨ϱˡ͸Ѿ......
......ϴֹ⻰ţǺãԣ⺢ӹв֢̫֮ܶӹǽʵǸӶรӣ㲻պڽӴ¶ָ϶ˡ
̫̫ؿ˶һ˼Ƭ̣Ҳ̾˵ö˶˸ӣѽ
˵ͷϴһ䣬ǣ£һȺ̫̫Ȼţͷ̿
 


18赶ɱ ... 
 
 
ҫϺǳЦΪ̫̫һˮ˵ţ˵
̫̫ͰЦҫϵ˵ԣɲ۸ܵܡ
ҫЦˣ̫̫һο˵ŷġ
һУѩ׵Ĳ˹èȥ̫̫Ҳ衣
ҫϱ˹è̫̫ŵѾСѾ˵ɶɣֻ̫̫дүˡ
̫̫ЦǺǵطԸСѾȥһ·ɶҲûʲôδιЩˣ粽ġ
СѾӦȥɶ̫̫èСѾרźֻèѾߡ
ҫ֪Ȥ뿪¥ⲽȴСѾèɶСȻʲôҲȥ
ɶԣ˸㲻۸үļ⡣СѾĿתŰ˸èɶ˸Ҳŵڳ
СѾȥȥȡݵġҫԸ
СѾΪѵرè
ҡҫϲݷ˵èڻŶӰ󻬵ëޣֻ̫̫èԽ˶ˣĸα
̧ۿСѾȥү㿴èء
ҫϿǰ˸վ·ɣëҷɣЦϷţϸèҧ˸Ѫڵذϡ
èצ˸ڳ鴤

ˣˣ˭ڿèأҫƿŴУĴӿ
СѾһУеӴڵأɶè
èצëζ
Ѿͷ̰ҲطèܷҸն㣬ҲԣҫϷһ߷СѾСѾӵؿޡ
̫̫ߵӱСѾšţѽ
ǣ......СѾί
ôˣͲˣѸèߣ

ϴ㵵سöţ۵Ŀǰ˸ʬ壬͵è
ʲô̫̫һȡ
ϴйƤöš
ɢȥҫϿСѾһޣøӲᣬ
ίأҫЦŹȥҿʲô
СѾӡ
ŶյҫϽСѾӲġ
СѾͷʮ
ȥѹѹ֬ˮ۲ױΣ
СѾ۳ҭΪЦ

Ҷܾü˵ߣǹŭһײĿڣҲܲ裬·ʱĸȥؽʱһʩʳʱ߸ϱס
ϴȥԺĸ첲Ż˵СѽСӣۣҵģ쵱˽ϵǰͶʿʵİٰӣţҲȥ
ҶǹԹƽֻüͷӲ
ϴļһȭһ䣺СӣЩ
ҶܾţҶǵŵƽʵģѾǴЦ밲ϲ·ֳŪ
Ȼʶյġԡ硱ǽǺεȵ衣踺ؾȶ磬Ҳ裬һҲħȥͰϲˡ

Ҷⲽţʯ·ģӭ첽һñˣ͸ͷҲ̧ͷ·
ҶܼԺŴ󳨵ģ˶ûйأҲԵˣʣ˭
ҲֱߣҶһۣٿȻǸӡҶʱһǰסʣ·ѣߴط˰ɡ
ñţӦ˵ҵļҡ
ļңҶܸԼжϣ˵أߴ˵ط
Ҷ룬⸮˿ֻŮҶذүǣﻹ˸ؼҵļһûкһߣֿ󳨵ĺԺţΪ֮һ

˿̺Ժ˰أæϴʢ磬˭עŽˣҶһƬ̣Ƭ̣΢΢ؾ߳ȥģ߳ȥҲû˻߸ʱ뿪طҶܵĵطҪ뿪
һѾסСӵĲ죬ģô۾񣬸߸ߵȧüͻأɽ壬ǷʻᾣЩΡơСӣ΢΢ĺԵģɽ϶ȥʱѿļҰݣ¶΢΢ĺۼβסĳ
˭Ҽ㻹Ұˡ˵⻰λ֮ͣҶܾŷǺˣûһǸ׳աҲ˲࣬ˣ߱֪ĳУﲻƫլңȥ
СߣԶ⣬Сֻô¡˿š
ҶϹǾ岻ɫǶլݻľԴҶף˵ҲףﶨȻ˵룬ĵعظ̵ĳƺ˿ɼһѾ߳ŮϣȻ⡣ǲˣⲻֻԼܣܺϴһͰɵլԺݻܣѵǻ
¶ľСӳţȻһ߷ȥǽϣԼﳤȥʮ꣬ٹʮ꣬Ҷܻ쵽ʮ꣬һ˵ķⲻذʵķ͸ĸףߡ

°ҽеС鲽СԺſڣҶҲԽ£͵˺ԺŴһҪ̧߷һȻǰһ뻮һĦɪɪ죬һӻɫװǹʵʿǰñϻһɫĴӣϵľװãΪϴ֪սЩٷһҵİϷ
κԺſйٱҶһԸүλάΰİɣ˸Сߴȥɡ
 


19 ... 
 

Ҷֱ嵧ӣҪŲȥȴСӺ޾ЦԸ£ʲô¡СЦ˰ڰ̧֣ͷЦҶʣǣСӣ
Ҷܾͷɫ䣬˵ĿŲæģʲôˣĪԼϴˣȴ侲ɨһ˵˭ģѽǴˮֵܵˡػۡ˵Ȳڣؼϴ磬©ʡ

Ҷ˵̧žߣȴһѾס죬ú
Ҷﰵգ˺񣬲ǸСͷͷ治ʮòһˡһȥľ˵ҲֲͬȥҶܾؽȲһסıۣ͵ػȭգȸղŴҶѸ׼ݡ
ϣСһ𣬷·ȭͷϣȴ΢΢һͷҶһȭգһȴң˱һβײͷȴǸСһ㣬Ҷܽһβţɽȥ˺һáȥܣҶһȷ˴ϡ
ϡ˿ŵһȣҶһ䣺үǡ
תܡ
ܶӣ壬ԼˡһҶܵĽմëһһˡ亹ûɫľƦǣﲻþƫƫõĻˡԣ壿ʲô壿
Ҷʱǳһ۽ؿͷ˵ϣСأ밲ˡ

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ҶȻ˵׮֣ϵĺɱ˲գۡǰʱԽ̣ϵ׮Խϵļ׼ݣĽ᧿Σĺϵ۷磬Ϸ׮ 
ȥԭսپ֮͵ĵĺӵȡ֮׮Ǳ˵֧ͨϺΣӭʱҶڽӰõȻָơ
ʱͬ罯θпҪҪӣҪվӡ
֮ذڽΪΪ˲񣬷ķ˿޶Ҳ˼ֵܵ

磬ǶСӣ˵ķֺѽԶԶҾϳˣöؼҵĶӡ׮ţ񶼺˶ȤЦԸ˵ͷ嶼ĹˣԹԿͷ壿
Ҷﲻ׮˵ͷɾʾһ㣬ݺƨɡ
϶ˣ¥ȥֶٺúõ֡һˣϾ߶ʲôʱϴ˵ɨһҶܣֻЦЦֵôͺ嶯ˣǽ˻ƨˣִ塣
ҶɵͷֻͷһëٺɵЦű˼֦õıӣúɫ˿ƺãţ󣬴󣬴ү............
û˵׮ǰһѶ˵ˣԡϴʱƨõİٱޣ

ǣǣϲϲӣ˵..................үĿ......
УⶫǴճӵģҶүСţƤȥüţ˰飬ܳȻһͰӣ⺢Ҳ޲ġ׮һ仰ΧԵķЦ
Цʲôûϴô޶޵ģ޵ԽԽ׮ׯгļ仰Ҷɫһһס

ҶֻͷһգƺѪҺաӲߣѵҪ豻ϷˣһȡЩٹˣҪɲĿȥŶǰϴ裬Ҫϴ޶޵ıӣֱ伫ذʣҪŪǮ˲Ҷһ˼źˣүǲ𣬻㲻ʮƣΪϣ

˵ֶؼҶηˣֵܣ̾Ͳ߶ȥ̶ˡ
ֵֶһ¥ȥ

紵ɴҶܾڴǰԶĶ̲죬洬󣬶ųڰұĽˮϺХϳɫβߡÿʱһڽѲӵʱ
ϵסͭҹӣôŪţԶ߷
ܣĸҶܻͷǴűߣţӡ
ͷЦЦҡͷ
˵֪㳣֣ʮȫʮ£ĸ꣬Ӵ̡ģ㿴ߣ¥ȥҪˣˣĸء

ҶҲȴ¥ȥԲģͽǣЦӯӯģδйȫҸ֡
Ҷܵϴֱ£˵ܣ˵ѽ
СӣϲеҰؼҵĺӡ׮ߵӣҶܹҶֻҲ
ȥɣ庰ȥˡϴĻƺҶԲֻҶңİһˣòڵһң۾ĸµĿ·һŸķҹ飬˭ժ˭ģҰӴӷڹȻһ˷ϣһժȥ۰Ͱ͵Ŀţ֮࣬ʣµįʼɺΣϻҪװЦӯӯףء

翪ʼ̫̫˵ǹﱣӣؼүˡؼкˣ棬ҾҪſЩˡ
ҶЦͷȲ裬̫̫˵͸ý˵ⶨͷŮң޵ģǳŵںõС㣬ȥΪȥ
ҶвŶĲ豭ͣڿУ﷭ӿûϣûɣⱻ԰ڲĻ컹ҪڱϷˣеһУ߸ʱһҪߣ̲ݻ

Ǳߵ׮ЦЦ˵СӣͶƢ磬ȻӣͰСøֵҰɡ
ϴһ˵ܣ˵ֶĻ¸òٰ죬Ҫæġھæ֪æ˴ڽӴĴ¡ϱˣ㲻ͣȢˡֻǣɸ檣ڽӴӦõġܶСӣշףҪ˵ˡղź԰ҲʶˣǸʡ͵ĵƣ

ҫƺҶɫβط˵һԣ׷ﻢ¡նķ뼯һã㲻Ҫ֦ڡ£ϴ˵
ҶܷȻҫ㲻Ҫ̫Сүǰ¶󡣡
ҫ˵ûбѽԲӦҲʡǷһ飬պ壬ɺã
Ҷʿ񱻳ҫţҧ磬ˣңҲԡͰϴ衣
ҫϺɵĴ𣺡ϧϧǶͶɺ첼ֻ
ǾˡҶ˵һ˫ƵһۣЦ˵ġ

20󡹦 ... 
 
 
ҶһҹշתߡۼǰϲȻҪϴ޿̣
ת룬ʵϴշģϴ粻棬ϴһӺϴʲôأҫϼȻѾȳ˺ض磬ܲٺϴĸ޷ֲӦѽöӣһҪЩһﵱϷŪϴ衣

ԣƿС¥ߵ·ƽ̨԰ƺòӰɳɳ졣һᣬٲ¾Ҫԡϳ¶ˡ
ûˣȥ֦˽ýݣԵȥһϷʱֱһ˭
ŵһתǴϲЦЦ˵ңүϰȭء

Ѹ߸𣬼ʣүүҪء
Ҷ˵ﰵЦȴһүұȷɣֵġ
Ҷ±ȻȭţԶȥ԰
ǱߣǱߣЩ
ǱߣҪһɫģǸǳɫȥǰԺȥ
Ҷܼͣ˲ָŵƽʵܼҲ
Ҷֲܱɫ˵ôôѹү˯ȣ³Щ©ͬЦȥ
̬ٲȻؼļơ
Ŷѽү˵ֻӣǵϷŸӡҪ¶Ҷܴ˼Ƥɫ˵ܼһŽɣʹȥܼҶߵ˵û취ʮжŸ̡̾ҡͷ԰ŷȥ߱˵ȥǰȥ

ǰǺԺţţûˣеԺŶԵеɾ
Ҷ翴һ߿ʣӿ첽Ǵűȥɵĳȥ⡣
ﰴͲס˷ܣ뿪ӵҪؽ

徲ҹɫ»·һ㵭ۡ
ҶΣͣ϶ǽݼߡҴ½󼸲˴ԾʱǽºȻһˣһܶôԡ磬Т˳
ҶһѾڿգϤĺȺһһб˼ײǽϡȻǰǽӰ߳Цݿϴһ⣬һĶȥ˸סȻϴں԰ţȻͷ
һЦãһתЦʣҲ
ϴٺٵһЦӦţͬŹ򣬸󡹦ǽԽĸ󡹦רҪ첻ϡʱ𾢣ǰɣ
ҶתҪţӶȻӲˡͷӹݣϵҪӣıˡ
ô⻹ûǽ󡹦һͲ˰;ϿʹãˣҪ̤ʵزźáǽϴ˵ʹսһǰһ˳Ҵȥ䣬Ҫһֵļƣһӣס΢һҶֻ飬ʹƵҲϼֵ治ɫĲƾʦָ㴫ڵĹ򣬺ʾ

ֻǲŽּӣҶвɽп࣬ϼһڹеƲ֣ƷΤүĺ;ϣԼǹʤһ֡
Ҷһһף͵ϣڹרıڡ״ڹȴƫȭţǹҲ罯κݺֻʵᷳǴ̫ڹЩˡ񼼲ˣֻϵù
Ҫϴϴ棬ҵ⡣ʲô᳦ӣϴ衣Ҷ
ϻϴǷ׹أ˭Ҷûϴѽ
ҲܴͥȥϴҶܷ޷޵
ԡ磬ԡ磬ͥϴܿѽϴ¶ûԹԵرж϶ءϴһ֤Ǹݸ϶ƽطų
ϴϴһ͹ˣҶܷ߿硣
³˫һԶһ٣ϴֵ
ϴͽӣһеЦţ˹ʰģϴ̹Ȼ˵ˣҴүȥȻ£󡹦
Ҷ¥ѿԼطȴҲ϶ưոݡ

̫̫أ̫̫ȥˣϴ¡
¥һӦһĺЦ°Ű˯ѵҶλεĳ
컹δô͸ˡҶŤţݰ׳üĿ㣬Ȼһö˿˯ϵ䣬·ǸϵҪ䣬ֵ¶һΰ׾Ĳ۵޺ɫ軨Ƕ

ɫˣźλү٣ϴֽסҶܣһ֣Ӿشһȥˡ
ϲ˴бǰϥ񣬵ү飬ˡ
Ҷһڵĳ졣ĿѲܣ¥ϣҫЦе̽ǩĿǽˣ
ʿɱ裬㲻Ҫ̫ˣҶܵŭмתҪ¥ȥϴץסۣǺǣСӻ治СǸúúϴϴܻܰź㡣 

˵һšҶӣҪȥҶһƣ翹Ӷ˽š
ܶܶҪţϻ񣬳ȥסҶܵ
ҫ¥˵ǹأõġӹð

ϴҧžžž°ơŴ򿪣˷ӿʮ뺷ĺӣ
ҶһЩеļ֣ǵҲ壬ӵϡһɴɷı顣
֪δؿ䣬ֻǵʮĴտϽǴڸֵĵӣʮһӿսҲռˡ 
˶ţţסҶĿ⿴ɫŵ˵Ļ
ϴȻԸ죡

Ҷܻ˷򼡢Ыӡ֩嶾ͼĴǶ¹Ȼҫ˵һɲӤƬӡôʵסֽšУɼĺϻм˵ĺۼ
ƽļͷ£խסмֱļֱȥ䣬ʵļǳɫ͸ճĶһ֣һֵСһġԼĶӣϴԽԽȤԽԽ˼
ҶܲĿϴ󣬺߷ߡ
ѽɾ̧֡ȥ˳ɾǻСӣȫˡЦҶ޻Ӧս۲ȥ

 

21ϴ磨1 ... 
 
 
춯أŲŵӣظſڳˮ
ҫһϮѩ׵ŽڴſһЦӭ
ظַǷ
ʱ
ϴһǳȭƳֵллллλ͹⣬μذʵԡ硣ۣսʧɢǧͶڡϵԡϴڵʽزٵġͱȮͬλ岮ֳ񡣡

¥һߺȣλСүλ밲ˣ
¥µϲ鲽ǰѾЦӯӯǰӵ
ڴеҶ汻ϴᱧڻЦǺǵǰµ̨
Сأö㡣׮һϾװ峿ĺ⻹ϡ
ҶܴСͷⱻ˱ڻǷ˪Źιĺ緺˰ɫͷͷһƬ綺ŪһӤյͷܣ巴Խֵ˵Сӣš¿ʰ㡣

еҶܺĴ̤˹ȥ߸ߴ̨ӣձ̵زӭչ̨һŵСϴֵֻܱͬһһ
ϲϲϲض³ϲùӣϲλүԲ
ǰĸλүһ˲ģֳۻͶ̥ͶؼҸ˵˼ҵӡ
еĳҫϾ͹شӵнӹ񵥡

ӵĹά纣ĴʯһڶߣߺͣҶʹĲԡԽԽ˶·ϵ߲ڣķ˶ϵȴ͵Ĺǡ
ҶȴϷָ죬ƤֵЦĿ˿ûעϲˣֻڿĺš常ү۾ֱ񵥣Ͼ͵ҫϣСӿɲҪ̰ˡ 
ҫõЦݣȴػظģڵ
ܶΤүϴԸ
ҶһΤүϤһָ𾴵ĳߡ
ۣΤүսǰЦúϲ£˵Сӣֳ˰ɣǹָԹʱʹһʱˣڴƨɵζʹ첻ǣ

ôЦƺ˶֪Ҷүظűϵһٳ£һϴ󽫸ӶĵȥΤүͽҫ
ϴԲЦ˵ʹ죬Ȼʹ죬ƴڶƨϵζȻʹ졣Сӣ¿ӣʱ
ĿϧҶܣȴ˼ıȣȴǾ첻÷
Τү֣ӷϴĺ񣬽ҿƲͯӺ;öӡһƬΤү¡

磬СĴ罯ΣҶһȺϳǰŵĴ罯Ρɫĳ˻ףȻ￴·ڿһͬԼ޹صȤ¡
ҶͷһȻʲô޼ҿɹ飬뺰һ硱ȴںͷԳ̬Ѱ鶨Ҳֻ£ʮ߳߸ߵжȻڸʾڡ
ܡм֡
βſ˵ܣֵһߴߣΪˡ
Ҷһ˷ӿƤԣһٴƤϷʱį˵һ䣺Ͼֳ
ҶֻǾ仰絶Ӹģû˻ֻȻһ䡰硱
ĴǽΣҶ治ļ棬ѪԵĶ
ܡһҶ۾һؿֻ˵һ䣺綼֪ˣܵһģպ󡭡Ļԡ
Ҷ̧ͷϴ󣬸мѣһ˵Ȼֶθͨ졣

ϣȴһݸϴ˵˰ܵҾʹȥӰ¥Ӱ񿴣׵ġ
ϴӹַ֣һҳӢ˵꣬۾üͷ΢壬ûЦݣ͸˼䣬˼
ǰܾյģڶͷ¥ߡ˵ϴͷҶܣѰС޵Ӱһ仰ҶܷڿתȴʽͷУǵݵϴеĲʮӰǽذСֻǱеӰ޷ƿԼȥͱô֣صؽС罯еĲʺΣ

ϴ̨ϣͭͷỷϵŴʳԡͰȵˮʱ峿ϵᰡ
ϴѽϴѽһϴ飻ϴ
ϲԡͰľͰнﳪżϴ쳹һƬ
ϴ̨ܹһȦЦźϲ£죬ȥΪʲôŵ꿪żʡ
٣λүˮԡϲһҶܾͼϲٵĳۼǴҪչҪ¶йһ˫˫ƻ۾Ҫߵĳ⣬Ҷ־ߡ
үͰ
һԱһ󻶺Ҷѱ⿪¶绨ʰļһŷ۵ͱȥˮˮһأź׶

׮ҶŤ֣Ƕǹˣָʲô
Ҷܼôһ壡Ҳ֪νŵĺ׮Ƭ̣Ҷһš˶ٴ׮ֱлѣڵһ׹ԡͰУˮɣˮ׮ʹֲϲһʪܵĶһȻԭء˻Ȼĳ̻ĿͶҪ
׮ַȻͰһץסҶ٣һᣬҶǺˮ˼ͷԡͰۡй񣬶Ѿסǳѳϵ٣ȻһɲҲȥһͷͰ⡣

Ҷ˫ֱ󣬾סٵһǣζͲ֡
˶ֻ𣿡š
ϲϵˮЦ˵ǶүȲҪϴءү󼪴ѽǶȿֺظͶ̥
Ҷ¶ƽʵļͷίĿʹչϴϴЦˣԱߵĶ׮˵ǿ߲ôҲˣ

ȵԡͰУˮﻹŵİݵϢҶˮһˮ˳
ĿѣӰУһۿһӰЦģһԣĨͷ͵ķͷɼˣһ˿˵Цڴǣ͵ⳡԡܵݣԼƷҫϣ
 



22ϴ磨2 ... 
 
 
ϲ˰ҶˮǰŸȻѰ˼ԡ磬Ҷˮͷ¡סȵİҶˮգϪˮʹˮﾻˮƿе֦Ҷܶͷ˼д˵ӹȴ󱯣ΪϲѶؼŸж£ʮվߵл¡
Ǳ裬̨º𣬡վȥ̶
ϴؿͷлϲԺͶ֮ʦоʽ¡ء

ͰҶձλٵ˽᣿Ͼˣ
ٿϴЦֵһֻۣһۣҶܵĺ类һϴһԸϲ
ϲϲͷβ޲ֱС
ϲﳪϴ˿ǵļװ۵һŶյҶҶֵߡ̨ʱһɧЦ

Ҷܵɴۣѽǰ۵ļϲϴѾѾӣҪֲӣֽӹǰɫļҶ
ҲҶֹһϲЦˣ˦ӴҶ׾ջ˵ү涺ֶأϲǸүԵģǴӺ󱳵ƨɹָ󼪴ġ
Աߵϲ￩Цһţ̨ҲһЦ
ҫϸһԲڿڣЦôƤЦͬҶܶԽʱЦ˼ֱǸƶ˵ܣίһˣô࿴ͿһЦҲˡ

ҶһˮವˮŵҡͷҪɣˡ
ϴ˵Ҷֹ䣬ԭˮͰҡͷҶ澹Ȼ˳ӵ̽ӣˮܽһ㽫źı¶ˮ棬µļ׾һУϴ˶ӵֽһγˮ¶Բʵ
ﶵɺմˮϣճӳչһഺһ䶯

ϴö۵ĵͺϲﲻͣڵļʰҶľ׵£һĹҶϴֹҶ˵һ¿ġ
ϴƨһЦûˣǡ
ϲż׵ǹ¡һȲһһˣЦϲϲţ󼪴Ӷร
ϲٴˮϴ߸߾𣬵ƳһܣŻϲǰúҶͷԡͰҶɿعȵͰС
Ҷܿһ죬߷ߵıۣ벻֪ǰҪ˱Ӧ

һƬȲűкţү󼪴үร١
ҶʼδһεĹϲϷϲһӵʱǿö꣬޲µͰѵ죬ʹȥﲻͣĸӾĻ˳۶ӣֳϴϲİϷ

ϴһȵĽŲ·ͷҶܽͰͷϵ򢶼ˮһ˫۾߽ϴ󣬿ϴöļѹ˵ҡ
ĿԹŭƱŪ㣬ϴ󿴿ֿ϶Ц죬ϲʤȴͳ˵ԹԼ

Ҷҧÿ죬Ŀתĵϴ
ϴһЦȴǵͳ࣬ԸһޣЩſã
ҶطϴЦеĵԱϲͷ˵ϣСүѽҪϲ޲֣ġ
Ҷŭÿһ
һֹֻס죬ϴ˷ܵضϲ˵û𣿶ү˵ˡǵȲˡ
ҶܱЩû뵽ͷƴڻľҪѿ

ϴˮҶܷˮĽ׽һ㡣ү׮˾װڣ¶׳ĸ첲̽ԡͰҶܱĺͰߣ¶Сһխʵġ£Ѽմˮ飬ż۳ǳǳСϪ£ͦķС
ϯһ̾Ҷֻһֱθݵšϴ̲סҶܼ¸ֱʱҶһϵļŵı£ŵļι΢΢һӥδ衣

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Ҷܴ㵣ſͰڣ¶ӣǱȥǵӾ׵£һ磬һַ֡
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Ҷܵļһݣֵ̿ŤӰ
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ҶܼյһŤӣǡײϴеĵöϲͨĵԡͰϴʧɫ

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ⱾǼ֮ףϴֵͬܶһۡ
ϲϴԡͰгٳûгǰڣҶܺһ
׮ֿһѰסҶܶϴʣ磬˵ֳô
ȥˮ̵ˮҲףֱһѰƤģߵҶ࣬Ťڡ
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˲䣬Ҷһ⿪
˰ҶҲ֪æȥˮУöļڶС
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ͨһ죬ˮû˳ҫϣǱȴҶܰˮǺ˼ϴˮ
ҫ֪㣬ҲҷȴһŤ㣬ˮһֱѸҶܹˮ棬ŵҶһסһͷ亹ӻˮҫҲΪˮͰһ䣺Ƥ
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ǻϲֵܣϴһ۳ҫϣ·ǳҫϹֳһ䣺£ͬʡ



23ϴ磨3 ... 
 
 
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ȴϲֿʼޣޣϳһޣСԶԶ
ϲﳪţһɼɵıӣϵź֣صƳһܣ˵ϴǰ
أأڿû˵ҪӣأҪҶŵŲϣϴסһţ㻹ҽ
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Ҷʱᣬ໵һšѽ

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ǷҶſϴıӳľͰϣҶ໵һʧϴС˵ˣɵСӣ
Ҷֹסϴһ޳鵽ƨϣҶһ໵Ĵﺬ첻ĿšѽأˡϲĳϲʲôҲ塣

ҶȻϿޣϴ常׮ҲϾͷӳͰϣҶܲͷ
ϴεĶţԽˮ׮ˣϴܻӳϺȣһ
Ҷҧϳ޵ҪȲεľ£ǰ澡ʧȻҪڿ޳д

ѽһ͹ˣϴ󼱳һͷסҶܵ˱ӺݺݵھСӵϣʱ𼸵߲ӣϵľУۡżֵͬܶǴҶܾ˲Ͽ

⺢Īɵˣ֪𣿺һˣѽ常׮ôߴ٣ҶܾǲϿޡ˶ţҲϴĻ˵һˣ޲ޣ᲻Ҫƨɡ
׮ŤͷЦ泶źڵסԡͰʿǷԸȥˣôҿۡ
Ҷܼһͷ亹˫һҪˮڴǧһĹͷȻߴۡһޣҶܺϴ𾪣ͷһȻҶһԴţɺһ߶Ҷܼۣϴᣬһˣˣүˡ

ϲһϲĸ£ɣΪλү¡Ƭ
ӽҶʽΪ棬ҶܾͽܣܣϴŵǼ顣һ仰ҲҶͷһҶܣܣԴ˺󣬶¶֪ܣǺڰռľ޺ϴĶӡ

ӹ󣬳ĽƬڲϡ
ϴҶܣͷ˵Сӥϻ˰ͰЩɡ
ҶŤ
־ϴЦǺǵתǰҪ̨˸֪ɡ
ҶŤͷʹ޵ǱӰ޷޵һѾ²˨ĽƬȥϴ󱳡
Ȼ䣬̨һصӰֻһϴԶƶƽɱֵľҶԺһͷӹȻ̧ͷĲɫﶥ£һӰԵڶһֻڶǹָϴ

--ҶʧһнƬԥ񶥵ǹڡ
ǻһƬд̶һϴʱ㵣ɵԭأȻסһ㡣
飬--ǹ죬ܳˮͰҶۼֿԾ˵ϴ󣬸Ӷ˹һ̨ɺĵ̺Ϸ
ǹӶըߡ
̨¾һƬӣ˾ܡ

ҶֿܳȭŵѰǹȴѹµϴ˻󺰣ү
׮һѾҶ󣬾ǹҶܳȥס󺰣ǹ
ǹ͵ؼҲ׼
顱ǹ죬ҽĻաͨһ׹һˣǡϴͰѪˮһȥ̺ϡ
ˣϴ󺰣ھϲҶܣСӣղŽʲô
ΣһﻹЦҶͰд̧̿һǹɴ̿ǹžܡһвڷ䣬ת˲ͻ䣬ϸ룬ҶܴЩ£۶ɱ˺ϰ߶ų˲Ŀ־塣

Сӣǹ׼ѽ׮̾ʪļͷƶֶĿ
ҶܴǹҳʤЦ˳ֳǱʪ񣬵ͷߵһ࣬һѳٹӡ
ӳ̨ǰǴ̿ͳˮҶһתǹ׮˵һ䣺ǹ³P08¹ 
·δڽߣŵѪͷԱ

顱һǹ죬Ҷܾͻͷ̿ԽɽѪķɣٿȻء
̨£ҫ˫ֳǹǴ̿͡
ڣ׮ȥǴ̿ѱ
һʿ̿ѹ£ƴӳɴ۾ڴϢ
ĳҫϺţСĻд̿ͣĴѣ
ǰȥʬһͷȴǴһɫ򼡣
ãҫѿڶ
ҶܾĿɿڴţõãѦԵ¡Ȼƽֵͬͣܳп࣬ҲɱǴɱǴɱذʡǰЩʱΪӿͷͬ𵽳ͻһֱʲڶ磬Ҳ߯ˣһСдϴ

һᶨطϣõˣûôɵ˶ͷͷɱûôɵңͺ̨¡
ڱ⣬ҫϷǵȻǳЦһ⿪»ĵɫƳҶܡı˵Ҳɵ
ϴųҫϣ׽⣬ֻЦ˵϶ʰɾλαȥ¥ЪϢѹ
ظ䱸ɭϣֵҲ׮ӣ̷լԺ



24϶ ... 
 
 

ҹعݾٰʢףƻᣬ˵ҲɳҫԲ߻ʢ硣
Ƴʱعʿ뼯ٻŮƣЦһƬ׳ۡｻУҶһ
ܣ
ʮϤ¥ϣֻںԼɶǾࡣ
ڶܡĺڶʣһ͵̧ͷȥϴ¥϶¸߸ϤӰ罯Ρ
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ܣǣܣЦ

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¥غ硣
ξپ׺ƣ˵ͼҫһĿȻīɫüԵɷ·
ҫзԸҫţĿɨܺͽʱ΢΢Ƿʩ
϶ܶ潯鷿ϴһԸü⡰̶ֱܶ

뼯鷿ү׮ʦүãɳϡ
һأС¥ڵķЦʱȥ⣬ڵԳЩĽš
̿ͣԣ̿͵顣ܲɿ罯Ųһ¸ΪѽΡ
ѾþƱһԣֱǸүүƽϣպ󶨰үΰﲻϣų˱ʡ

ܵնʱ䣬˵Щʲô
̿ͣȷõĵӣǰ
˵գεĿһۡü̲סʣ磬ǲˣôõˣ粻ˣ
ǶɽλʱͶġ˵
ܶʱ㵣ǰѦԽһʷ⣬һҩȥһɽΣǽϵѺڡ쿪ʤضڶֵܡֽŲɾ¶ִϿͷߵ֣ɱһӰ١˵һŭ뿪ڰԪΪͬ

Ѧ˵ǸֵֵǰЩˣΪֻáҡͷȻ
ϴ㳲ŭֻ̾һ䣺ʢ
ɨһۣЦԽεϵܲ𣬴ͬϵ޹ءҵĶӣЩ꣬л㻹ҲܶԼǵĻ¡ڽߣвǹת˵ܶúкɩҪ˹͡
·һһ׽

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ĿתȻЦȴѹ˵һ䣺СҫϡɩΪ׼ʮյĴƱȵ۵ǡ
һ·𿴵һϲзųһ磡
βδֻ¥¼˵Ҫ˼ٶǽĿĴᣬһ㸻ˣٻһ˽ƴɱѪȷ磬һߡ
Ҳϡ·ܵ衣
ƶ˵ˣٸߴ磬
磬֪ܵġܽ´ȥ
ֻšһЦǺǵض¥һ˴к˵ΥΥ͹ֱȥ
ͷ΢ġǿŽظУЩϲ񡣳䶨ͲĹϷסϴŻˡ

ٻص¥ϣϴ鷿Ű볨͸͵ĵƹ⡣
ͻʱǡԶĸһβ͡ϴٵģͷٿȻȥЦ˦β͡Ĺ¯ģҶүˣװϷЩ֮ϴ˦Щβ͡пӳظ
ҡŽȥϴ鷿

һ裬˭뵽⡣ү׮̾ʦүһҡͷ
ҫεյҫְڣԴ¥»кܶҪӦ꣬߿ˣƽϰɡģȻȴǺз
׮ͷĳҫϵļͷ˵Сӣˣӡ
ǡ˿ܽ鷿ϴ󿴵ͷԸҫ˵㸺ܡҪʽܽãϤе񡣡
ҫΪ⣬ƽղɫɫƽռٶԸ˵֣̲ס˵ܽǳ¶иҲӦõġֻǰĹأ۹ְλ£Ҫȥͷĥһ꣬ϤܽáҫϴӷѧҲһ꣬ǿˡǶܣҲҪһذɣ
أȥʹȥһȥϤˡЩϹȥ洸׵鹦򡣡ϴֵ

ҫϿһܣһĿһԵķʦүĿЩͳԾ
ү²˲֮ɣñϾҪġʦүǳҫϵҵʦЩƫ̻
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ϴЩ⣬Ҳ˼ϲĵͷÿɷ
 


25⻷ ... 
 
 
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磬磬𣿡һ鷿һһλһƤпˣȿװѼñꡣˣŪӣɢʮֶĿ
ӣô֪ϴһȴβסǷϧϳ䣺
Ѽñһңһͷ̾ĳɢ䣬һڷƣǸŮӡһ죬¶һװǰסϴĸ첲벻ѽ
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ѽôˣͷ°ԡϴ裬Ҳˣҿѽ
ãҫ𱸵ֹסĻһһԵܣ˵ȥ񡣡
ϴŮĸ㱻ϴ̫ͬӰܳ谮ظ޵λŮУΨһһλϴŮƽｿԣȥĥӲȥƽ飬ϴֻӦǸϻμϲ䡣

￴һܣش˵ֵ̫ˡޣЦŲͷҫͷ𱸣Ƥ
˭֪ظİǴѽ˵ءһȥ߲壬һƳҫϣҡθ׵ĸ첲˵ѵ껰ˣҪ統ȥˣ¥һȦôûиЩģûҴ˧ء
ѾͷѽϴŮ޿κΣ§ţȥҫϾߣȥȥ
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ǰĳҫȴˮͬЩ˵ЦظүŤȴò׾ֻǲĺЦ΢΢Ƿ˳ҫĴߡ

ڣһ
Сܸ磡ɤôϤܻͷʱЦգͬЦһգѩѩӴһɴȹڶμѩȹͷһΣܵǮΪѩѾõʱѩԷ͵͵ת趯ǳȹʢѩʱڸп֪ʱиᴩμᡣ
ױѩǴɩһִģͬá

İĻˣðѾİ취
ӭȥֹǴкҪѩȥ㿪šСȴò׷ͬѩڨ䣬ͽ貽ȥһҸ棺ظү֮ǡҺûܽ裬ǣȥչеĿˡΪΪٰġ
˽ѵСС˵ʱмֻٸƱĴȻЦͷ
ѩһԣ̲סȥĴѰҴɩӰȴ§Ů衣貽죬ڼұͷĹ

ȫྲ߶ʱ
ҫϺڵ٣ѩ̲סǰ
ѩɩѩ٣ͳ˵̲нʿС㣬ֵܾ٣˵ģĴԱˡ
ʱٵĻһλŮʿϸĲ纵ķ٣бһöʯϸָڸټϷ裬ֹšҫȻؼ룬ӣŮЦſҫϡ
һϵ䲻֪ʲôӣΧĿУ֪ټĸ߳
һһˣҫͬŮЯȥһ̸Ůľ߷ϣʱáҲ˵ٷԣֻһЦ

ɢȥߴɩѩ񣬼СҲͿͣߵķǵٵĹˣͷڸѰʲôСҲڵͷΪѰҡ
öʯͷdarlingҵɬ˵·ʮֱǸųҫϡ
磬ĴѰѰҵȻ黹ˡҫ˵
ŮǴ󷽣˭ѰҸɵĴл
ˡҫЦ
ֽӹ˵˿Ϊ̫̫ڼͷָǳȥ

ֻصſյĴɨõǣԸţֽЩСЩү̫̫ҪϢˡ
׮ʣҫϣʲôˣ
ҫϻЦ˵ձˣж³ġ˵ϲ裬ֻҪȥ

һ·˵Ц¥׮ŵ˵ҫϣȥ밲Ϣȥɡųҫ۵˵İɣжڡ
ҫȻ׶˼ЦЦ˵ǶȥЪϢɣһˣҫȥ裬ٸ밲ȥ˵ŻͷһܶԶ˵ȥʰɡ

ҫϡ׮Ҫ˵ʲôҫֻһЦο˵ҫҲˣܲ¶岻ǡ
ܺȻ£پЩ飬ֻСʲô˵Ҳʡ
ϴ鷿·ϼֶֻݲ˵䣺ȥϢɡ
 



26ʧͤ ... 
 
 
ҫͷ³ܣصͷʱԡⰲصľԼͷʵʽ㣬س˷š
㰾춹һڡϣѽǶ˵ҰСӣαȵǱСָͷ̫˵ڵóҫ˵ζ
ȥҷȥ˯ɡҹȥˣһʣһҹˡ
ҸүҲʢһȥĸ˵
鲻ãȥˡҫЦݣ§סݺһ˵ˣԣȥ˯

ѽһҽУΪ˴̿ͣ˼һ߿յĺľŴѰȥϴ鷿ƹⰵܷ룬ƵĹһ˻ߵŭ𣺡ţ
ѰȥҫϣſɳһŪ޵ϴɢźɫӵ޲СˣŪǸ
ҫɫ߲ѣ·ݵһŻ̵ҿǱɫͬǷɶ˵ĳˡȥߺ޵۹ܣģ絶һ 
ܲײΣæҪ˺󼸲ȥȴϴסϲ¿Ҳʶһؼҵļҷ
ſãϴһԸɳĳҫϺȴּһԾ㵵ɫ˲ãʹ֡ʱݺݵһǣſã
һҫϱסͷסſɳӾವس󣺡ɣ̿͵£һһֻӵﶼԡ죬պдǵҪͬǩͬ
ϴ֣ͣ˼Ը¡

ˣͲҪǳԲǴ򣡸ղź˧ģ˵ϴѺ˳ȥݣһ·ͬձҲ˴󹦡˧һ󳵣ƴˡ֪йͣͷġͷ³ȥ濴ǸӣӦˡ
ҫ΢̧ͷǿЦֻЦ͸ʹ˵ǳǸ⣬α档ӲҪˣЩǮǸð켸ͷҪϾҪѧѧųЩ档
ܻǮϴȥɳϣ˶İƲѳҫ϶ͷĺֵƴӾڵˣ֪ġܵǵ⣬ⲻһТ˳֪ЩʳѰĿʲôǵһ죿Ҳԩؽˡ
ҫϺͷص˵֣ϴҲ壬ΪҴ½󣬺Ȼ¿ȥˣѾ׸磬һƬ˼ϴ㶣ҲʾΣΪ
ҫϳŽŲȥ׮Ž鷿ʣòỳҫڣҫѰĴ̿ͣôͥڵд̣ѽ˵϶ſǹǴ̿͵ġ
ϴһڣѾ䣬ϢŴ˵ʧͤһûնأ
ɱɱܣ϶ôĺˡ׮Թ
ϴٺٵЦ˵ֹܵЩԽЦҪصպѸˡһҲãΪѿͰѴ̿͵²ˮʯˡ

¥ҫϼûߣǿһЦ˵ղ˵ˣ⣬Ҫٽ֡һ˵ңҴܶ˼档
ˣ𣿡ʣųҫϷס¥ͷʹ亹
ҫһЦ¿ͿװͿֻҳҫϲɵӡ̿͵£ڲ顣Ǹ罯ΣӸϵʲôѰĶӵĹߺߣţ
̧ͷ˵ҫϣ㰤򣬲ҵı⡣Ϊºңͺˣͬ޹أ

ŶΪʲô㣿̫߹Լˣض١ҪҪֻظڹӦϹؼЦҳҫԡչܲܳ⣿ҰˣϡҳҫеĻӣԴֻǣ˰ңҲҫϾͽشܣ﷢𣬷û˵㷸Ѱ˼ã粻ƭ
Ҵ粻ˣߵķŭ
òֻǽһˡΣǺǡĹض٣ҡҡ׹áŻѪµĽɽڸĶ
Ҵ磡ܷŭǰСЦ˵ǵõѾܶ࣬ҪʲôҶǡ
ǣҫͰͬᲢۡ
 


27 ... 
 
 

ܶǶٽúĵط㼯·ܣﾫӢ𾪽Ĵ󰸣ǧĽת
һѽϴԵʮ˰ѽصͷֶܳէûλãϴԸҫϰλð״¡
Ϊ˳ҫΪΪѣڸ׵κһѵӡӾû֣үջ̫ϳѧϰһĿ֮
ϴݹùʱǡˡͷŽɷǷ
һԣ뻹ǱøЩȻʱڴߣϰڴһ㡣

ɢʱȥȾƳԷҫͬһܳĸܡ
ҿ˵ͬҲûʲôͬ˶ЩЩųбҪǮˡ
һ仰Ա˶ЦŶƽöЩʲô⣿ôδ˵иá˰ɣǸʲôͬá
ԱһֵЦ˵ʲôͬáǴϷүӡɣҵ˵иͬáҩɵģ׳ҩҾʹ䡣
һЦ·ǳŪշɺ졣ҫϵ˵岮ǺöȤˣȥѾ˵Ĳмͱģ·нһ㣬ǲڡ

ϸ磬ϰȥһ¡СҫĪҪܣæȥ׵İ칫ҡ
ǵУһͷ󺹵λʷһλ£λ¸صһɫšҫɨһۣǷҦæǰ񡣲ϴ󿪿ڣʦүһ˵ʣҫϣЩ˿ɶǴ³ȥģ
ҫϴٴеɫϼ̬أæסЦؽӹЩ˵ӡǩи׵ĴӡȻ棬͵ͷʣֺβ𣿡
ôʱʴĿôͬүк𣿴ү֪Ҧ¸أֱʵ
ҫһ۸ӵ˵ԸʮĿҪӡķɸܣҫϸӡˡЩʮϵĵӡ
ЩǶ֪ģʮϵĵӣδүȻ֪أʣҫϣƽ¿Ǹġ
ԽĿ࣬Ը˵³壬аµĵӣҫӸǸ׵ӡţϵģһһףͷſӡҫؽһ˵ֳݣóһݱ˵ЩǰϵġºʵҵʮǧٵĻģҫڳ»ʵ£İʮĿӣ»ⷿҦִͬۿ۷ݶģҦǼǵõģʣЩҫֻûͬһһĿǽµģ֪кβ׵ĵطҫȥ顭
Ŀףү콵ֻͷõ³ͷβƸȥȥ鷿һ㱨Ĳɣܾܾܲϸϡ

ϴžһӲȻŭǿʶǷģĿԲϣ
ҫȻʣԲϣѽ
¶ʷóʲһһָҫ£˳ùһ̣һλžز򣬾۾㣬ַʷЩĿʷԴĿԲϣ۾˶ԲϰɣʼȥʲôĿˣʣʣˡ
ѰٵԩҫһѵӶ̾Ҫ㣬Ȼƨմʱ۵áϡһҽԾƨʹȥһᶼۿǻ
ϴڸ޺ޣֱҭµ޻˵ǡҫһٶЦСӵΣƨϵˡ
ʣôֱӼҷźˣҫ˵˵㣬첻Ϸߡ
ʷ̿ҦЦ˵϶ѽҦ忴ϣ˵ѽѽ˺޲۲õġ

Ŀ壬һ龪ʱҫһȳһյġ
һסʣôֳ¶۾ϣίʵŵҫϵĻˡ
ˣүӽʹ̸һˣһ˵үһ֪ѽһˣ٣СС¶Сﾭ֪ˡҲǹˡϷͬҫϸãҫȹǴˣ׵ˣҫĻˣȴֶͬѣúܡȻӲڵĶԴҫϡ

Ϸѣνϴȥʷʦү
˳ɶˡò޵ǵ˵϶үʮֵģֻ϶ǶԹˣϾѽ
һ仰»ϴ̶á
̸˽ģ϶ǷĳͽܡӸ߾ͱүǣСֶݵĳУĳȻϣҫպִΪүǧҵҪֲͬҫ൱ˣԱպǣƿǺõġʵǵʱ̲Ź𰸣ҲΪ˳͢µİү˼أ
ϴͷε˭뵽д˱ʡ
ǰүǽǻŹ֮Աй֮ãƴ䣬Ҫ̫үٳѧϰźá̾Ϣ
ѽ϶ģ֪ġ϶ҲҵĶӣ˶ʮĶӡֻǣ󣬲ʱ

ҫϻؼʱ˰һ㣬̧ɳ߹ſԼд̨ӢƵġסʣ˵̫̫Ըͬү䷿ס
ҫѣַ˴£ǲ죬ȴЦȥĸ밲
ĸ˵Ц
ҫϽݣ̫̫к˵϶ѽŸ˵ѽ
ҫǰ̫̫忡˵ܵϲǼ䷿ҽһЩǸ磬᲻Ըɣ
ﲻĵſʣ¥ôշӣһ䲻ˣƾʲôҴķӣû𣿡
ֱ׳£ҵӦҵģܵ𣿡 

ҫףԭǵţǵһЦϲȥסɣǸ˯ĵط
˹˹.ӰҲӦˡ˵ֹţ˵ǳëҿë
ôϴ˵ء̫̫ξù֣һ𱸵
ţⶼС¶ֵһġ˼ҵģܵϲȥҫ˵

̫̫ҫϵ̬ȣŪ˵պϸѧϰǳ谮ϸġ
ֶԱߵ̫̫ǿ˵Ҫ˵϶ѽĺúӣСûʧȥ飬ͶãñҲҪãʮ꣬ӣү̣ͦȥȣǹ̿͡ʮ꣬ѽүǹЩûȥѹҼ첻ϳԷ
̫ҧҧʿ˵λү϶Ͳػعˣ
̫̫𱸵޵ʲôү϶£Ȼĵôϡ϶ֲǲ֪

ܻ֪£һѾȥĸ׵ķ䣬ŵҫҲǵģøϻèˣСԴҧ֪ôģ
һ˦ֲҹϻèغ󣬵ɣ˵ƿܵӰ١
ǲ֪ܱȥѾȴԽĸô֪ǳĺͿΪġһߣиʧĸ׿ǺãǷ겻
 

28ײԵ ... 
 
 
ҹһлƾҹ
ܾķԾ𣬲Ьǹȥ¥棬ǰļ¥صϡĹӰУʧǵӣ૵غйй

һļУһŲȿչ¥ݡ
ĸ˻ߵغޱȥ
ܳǰһԾ£Ŀ⾪ֵİ档ָ¥ϻŵ˵ͷҪң

δ򿪣ƹͨܲݷ˵ȥķһ߿ţû졣
ҫϺϴҲѶƹ򿪣ѷֻ¥žĿأ죬Ӱ涡⣬ʲôĶûѵû˿ۼ
òج˰ɣҫ۾̽ʡ
ͷףѪţǱȥĸ׻صĴţǷֹҲסֹҲҪ
ϴڷѲһȦ˵תɨ˵ٹڹظͬذΪСץҴȥʮ˲÷У
˵չȥ

ѽš
ҫ̽òˤ˰ɣ
Ҳ߳ܣǱģ̱ڵϣ˵ɳΪߣš
ҵĹôˣ̫̫§סţɵӣ̾˵جεģƫ뷨ʦΪס
ѽҲҪǼ䷿ҫϵķֹѽš
һʵĿҲһֱӳҫϿֻǳҫɫ꣬˿ûô˵ͰСʱǷҲֹҲʦġ
̫̫ѣͷʹңô¶ˡ
汻̧ߺųҫϣҫϿһ˵ȥɡǴҡӰŵԸ˷ȥˡǸ˵һС檣ԩģ˵͸Ⱦ¥ﵱڴ˶١ѼӡûˣϵˡǴӸϵλƵͼ

ȣԭķסҫҲٰǼֹӣס¥ͷһͷ
¥ʼѪһæµҽ
ܻظĸԹΧΧˣ̣֪СʱסǸطɣǼȦǮ˼ҷļȦѰЩȦͼȥſڸЩݣģܶһѵĺӾҹˣġ
Ȼ̫̫Ȼ£ѯʵĿţʱţϲͷᡣ
ǼȦǺõأСؤصĺعȦܷ죬Ǯ˼ҷˣǹܼջǴͷͷϻеء
ƿͷ¶һԵİ̺ۡ
̫̫ţ£ҶڿСˣôźС˵ģƼµĿĺӣ㣬ôôûģƼ㲻˶ָ㣬㣬ĶסȦ......
йţϵͷȥ

ŵϴæȥѾֿǰһסǹȣߺ޵Ŀ̫̫
㣬㷴ˣûҰӣȻѾ¼ӣ̫̫յÿڲԡ
ϴ󼲲ǰŵһסܵӣһ֣ܶ
𱸵Ŀܣȴĵ̫̫·Ҫ䴩
ˣˣ̫̫ôشšţϻŵͨߵͷĵ̫̫ɣǴܣүԿܾ࣬˷˪尾̫̫ɣܶƽϣܶ£ͷү 

ȴĸ׺ţһӣϥǻû𣿡
׮ܣСӣ̾ԼѰˣͷ
Ȼɿ׽סĹȣͷһɣϴִһˣһ˼ϡ
ϴ㣬ҺúýѵСҰӡˣ淴ˣؼһûֲТ
ȴߵʣסѣס֪ӵǽѩΪǶ˼Ȧһҹ˯˯ȥͻᱻԲַؤؿͷĵͷѪķǸԱŸҳԡԼ͵͵ȥвݸƤ伢۵öӲשͷȦ˼ҷŹҧǣﶪҲܣҶѹ£ԼȱƤõҪȥַʵˣͶ˵ܶˣҪӦչ磬Ϊȥַ

ܴشϢˮǿͷָȻĸӿǷģҲ֪ȥַؤΪȻˡұͷѪֻطιԣԼһʿˮ˵Ǹ磬ҪŸ硣ЩؤҺñõĽһңҶд֡Ǯȥ飬Ǯϣ˵ȶ٣պĸӾʳˡЩ꣬ƴƴڽ죬ǮﲻóԺȣϣȥõĹѧУ˵·ͬѧʱȻǮȴ᲻ȥҩؼҵĳӣүõүʱЩ˶Щһļңοίסݿࣿ

Ȼ̫̫Сǿʼ̫̫꣬ε죬潫ͷ
׮һͷ˵Сӣ֪ܿˡ£ˣҪĹأҲô㣬𣿡
ܷ˦֣ɨһ۸أʮˣĸ˳Կʱ˭ǸأҶܶصİɺˣϡʲôٻˣôðأˣò𡣡˼ܿˣĿɨܡ
ܶܶ˲ɡţϿ޺ţֵĿϴһȽһϡһڵأϴѥҧгݵ㣬ϴϵһѪһ⣬ܵҲҪѰı䲻ˣͲҪֱŤȥ̿ͷȥ

̫̫ҡͷ˵ϴ󣬷ſΪѺˡô˵ǿǷƼʹҶˡһѾߣСӣôġôˮ飬֪ġǣĸӡ
һ˵գŵţϲסͷ̫̫̫̫ͬͷޡſ׮Դ˵磬СҰӣĵ̣طȥЪŰɡǽһգˡ
ţ˾Ҫ־ȥɡϴ

տյķӣ׮ѳڵķͿۣһڴϵ˵ģؿɺˣǶ֪Сƨ˸ġءˡ˵պǺǵɵЦһƨڴߣ˵ڽߣײԵСӿиʲô֪ģѰصĵײǸƹͽɱԽô죿ǲ׵ҳ˵϶ӵģû˵ܲϵġ˵СҪжãûӣûӣʮ͵ȶӡƫƫǸͶֵúϲ£ˣֵĶ»ؼҵӣҪǲժ㻹ʲô֪ģ

ĸ׷λ̫̫Χ̸ðװ£һЦ˸ȥΪ¡ֻһܣ鲻ԽľĶ۰˵СƢôôľٳԲÿġ
ƽգֻܶᷭʱֻһЦ
۵˰ɣʣĸߡ
۲ֻۣһΪţʲô¶ˣүԿࡣţϸͷϧȻ᣺ܶЩ꣬ίľˡǰʹ䣬ֻﲻҵǲϣΣﻹֵܲΣ֪ûһӣҾֵڣҲЩࡣ
룬ⳡ־ճˡһʮĿϷ˶ƶҤʮأصƿĸܸиˡ

 

29 ... 
 
 
ִĸ׵֣Ŀתʣظ̫̫֣ʳٻ󣬶Ҫ𣿡
ţЦ˵ɵСӣкӹ˭ǵµĿأ֪ˣǻصСŪܿҲ£˭ƶֻ̫̫͡ﲻίֵܣܶﶼġ
꣬Ҫޡܷ޷޵Ļδ꣬ĸ׻ŵסҡͷЦ˵û꣬Сﵣʮꡣ
ЦˣЦ˷ĸ׵ļͷ˵ˣˡʵһТġ

ܳĸ׵ңϷţĥɰɫӳ˵ӰٿԾױժͷϽҸɣͷһᡣǵױǵ˿ĵЦŷ֣ʵʱӦúͷĿƬ̣ȻȥȥϴԷʱڹ߻ơ

ҹĸ׵ͷ󣬸Ūϵľ˺ۣسҭ
һ͵͵ȳ⣺ôˣȥӴˣպҪôŪͷһ֪ϴ
סһȴҲκ죬Ҳ֪ͷãžһֻΪϿҴãٸϱӣͷ̾СӣƢ͵һ󡣡
һ⣬Ǽ̵ҧᶨԼľġϡںʲôңʲô

һܹص˳ҫϳڳһ齵ӣϴĲ١
ֻȥʱСβ͡棬֪ϴ󲢲ʮַ
аڣΪ˽ȥͨ籨ţ뿪Ĵʹӹȥ۵ĴƱ

ۼڽҲȬƽ˾ǹҲûٳ
Ƕۣ˵ǰ滻˷جΣŻˤ¥ݵġҲţѰ˼ϰϧסȥظ˵ʧΪһõĹޡ

ǹʱ˶ˡ
ƿ¥½ӦѰõ·Ծ֦԰ߺţԾһθǽǽͷٻظͥԺأ¥Ρ룬һƬį룬ˣﵱ̫̫ͦãϲպӻã뿪
߳ػͷ·ǰһޱҲóء

СȥͷԶԶжʱԶʱ
ʱѾͷַǷ
˵ܸȥĲ¥ȣЩ㣬ȥ˶ɴܸ硣
ȥ¥ȥȻһУѽⲻض𣿡
ܻŵһͷǷ᳤Ǹ죬õˡμ͸ĳضүֻЦ˵᳤εϾ䣿
ү念᳤̩Цƽȥ˻ʱĹǴСмɫġ
ش𣺡ػ᳤кáл
ʺãʺá᳤š
ܷȥղϴϿЦϴô׸ơϵ׷Ҳֻñֱͷȥ
һȿХ˺ڣЦߣұߣ죬Ǳߣˣ

ۼһ˹˹ҫ۶Ŀسһһүܶ㲻һȥһߣǳȻͣסӴӴһҽУϵŮŮö˻
ܣô㣿㣬ô
ܾһ³ľȻ棬и˾
һ磬㲻ѧô棿ܷʡ

Ͽ̫Ȥ߶ġ˵ָָһƮĵѧУᡣ
ﰵôɵ¡

ү磬үĴѰء˾գ۾´۹졣
ѰңǳҫϷԸ߰æһøֽţͷϤ顣ôûү˵𣿡һ򾲡
ɺҡͷ˵һȥҽˡ
һɿͷ˵ˡ
٣ȥɣ磬ү绰͸ȥʾ

ֻʱҴܺ˴ڨֿ棬æȥһԲܵɫʾؽ
벻ǹģȻЦ˵ٽĲҲҵ顣̴үѧϻȥŸү˵ϾͻԷ
ŽɣӹгǮ˳ֺס˵Ǹ̫̫ϲܳԷ׼Щ嵭ͺá
šӦˣϳȥһ˵㿴ô԰һ֣Ŀ˳򽭱ͷȥ

ǰ·ÿڵĳ¡
߷羰ٿˡԱߵŮӼҪ硣
ܿſ˵ǸӰƬŮǾǴȹڽߴ硣
ԣ֧֧ǵ¹ڽӵˡŮ˫ֺǰ۾ЦһߡϳƬϧϧⲻѾȴǵĸǧϧϧ
һΣ˶ģΰ淭٣ŮӶˡ
ͣͷŮһ󾪽³ȥͷ׷
͵˵ܸ磬ǰҲ֣ǺţȥݵġܸȥɣϴҴкǰҾȥȥ۵ĴƱպá
ܸмס˵ã
ǰͷԵջţãһ䣬Լ򷴷ǺСֱȥ

жֵʶܣϲӭ˵ү
Ǿ˵үŲϲؼҵٻ󣬿϶᲻úֵǵġ
һѺժձñ˵Ըȥһˡ
ɨһܣֵõģȴҲǶүˡ
ģǸСͷĿѺģ󲽵ȥ
ʱ˵үŲʶأǶүСܰգ˺ġ
æЦΪ̣ܵɨһʣѺ͵ʲô
̲ݡ
ܼ𣿡ʣŲûͣ
ε˵ǣףϨ
ƽմֵܼϣزݷġֵܼãΪƴģǵá
İյļͷ

ܵĽŲ̤õĻֻ̤յһ̣Īʥдĵ׷𡣼ǵʮ꣬ͷδѺϴһߣ˷һҹû˯ǵô罯ÿÿ̲ϸڣÿպѭ浸صǴΣԼǸСжǴΣ۴սͷԶ
ܽ򢣬԰˵գмˣ
ܸĻꡣ֮ǰڲͷ졣
ļͷ˵ܴһʱЩؾˡﲻɳӵģ˹أҷġ

ð亹ܵϴЦģȴϬ
ߵ˵ȥɣȥٲһ飬ܸ߲չˡܸȥѰط˾ǡ
˵ţ߹յſڣ͵ס㣬˼£ַſֻһѣ֣ʪһ㡣
Ƭ̣ͻ鲻ԽǸ߸ľӣʣﶼ̲ݣ
ѽմ
̯һɫĳ
֣Źʯҷۺľ̿ġ˵
ƿľǰÿᣬϵ£ٴµϣָһ˵Ȳ䣬顣



30ɻƺӱ ... 
 
 
ͷЦ˵ģүԴġû⡣
˵ģ
үүѽ鿴ģϻˡζԻѽ˵ү߾ȥˣͷָ˶ү´ˡֹ
ү㲻ɣСӲ֪ôи˹֪ΰǶ첲Ƕ飿

յ̱ѹȥ֣һֵСӣûߣˡܸǸôء
ŷԸ¿飬ѣܸ磬У˵ز˾ԱߵĴȥһӺ𺽣ȥΣ
ָܳſ䣬ǵŵҪ򿪣ȣֻô鿴ضûˣ
һ㶣иĿʼŲػͷֻʣţʱɾĿɿڴеù
һƬƬҶʰ𣬾ȻùõĻеĻˮգʪ઺õ̰ɫëָԸ䣬顣
ǣԸ䣬
˿ӵľһ򿪽ҿֵֽܱţʮɻ
˳ɻ
ųɻ
ϻ
ռȥһѰץõҶ󺰣ôᣬôᣬ鿴Ļġ
ڶп䣬鿴ܷԸӦȥ顣˶ţ⿴ŵĿͷѣܸ磬춯ɣˡڵĴˣҪд벺ˡ

ȥܷԸһ
͵ۿͷϵ龰һҪȥȴʲôôˣôˣҵĻҵĻô
ֳķ᳤ŵؽ򿪵ùûĿɿڴ˹شţҵ̣ҵϳ˵Ŀ̣úọ̃һϡ
һץ˰յʣ㻹ҵ̲ݣ㻹ңôƽȵģôܳӣҵ̡
ǰο˵Ҫˣʲôȴ˵ڿǰܱõݺò鰸ûĳ̶ȣҲùõز֪˵ۡ
Ŀȴŷ᳤첻
᳤ֹסʣүʲô̲ݣѲɻŪٲɣ
˵˵Ƿ᳤Ū𣿷᳤һϣλŪأǻѲ鿴õ©յ⸶۷ˣãǺǣϵĹؾ͹ǺСȥһ֪ۻǶӾ
᳤˫һڵϡ

ܸ硣ţڵĴ﷫Զȥŵߴ٣ܸ磬뿪ͷȥܱܡ
˵գδѴŶԶŭٴСüλ鿴˻үѦЦˣѽⵥӵıѻɹۣ߳Ѱļֻ̺ȻԼùˡ
᳤㱽Ͱ˵ҵ̲ݣҵ̡
գ˭ģù飬֣
ͨͨؼִ˵磬ֵ˹ģûû
˭ࣿ
¡
ʱץļ˶ʡ
ߵ᳤ǰ˵᳤֪˼׷׶ۣǽѲ
᳤֪˭أˡǷ᳤׽Ķӣ绨С檣֪ˣѦԵȼһ֧һ˵

᳤ŵùߵͷ죺үүүѽңң˻һʺôѣ࣬ʲô֪
˭˭ģʡ
ǣүү᳤һϯȻĿͶܡ
һʣ˵ذָʾģ
᳤ŵүĶӳٰŵġ

үүˣ̻ˣǱߵķʦүүүظײײĵӱţȻͷ򴬲մ⡣
ˣһ죬׹ˮ
ѽѽشү
ѽлүĹӵˡ
С㣬³ǧڳ
һƬʱʱͣһƬңܰȳ򴬲⣬һָĽϣżֻڵĸ첲ɫͷʱðû£š

ܲ˼ͨһֱȥŵļѧͰҲβ½ͨͨļ½ʱܲŷ֣ǰмɫͷںĽ׹ˮȥ
үСѽ
磬磡ϵľǹѧǵĺܷȥˮѧʱǰ˾Ȼϴ
ͦס
ͼһֵĺӰƽһֱۡˣϴ𽭺ĺڰ磬պգӵҲƣȻɵͶ뽭ȥˣȶӡ
ܾ㵣û뵽ϴˮȥȶӣ˻ߵĺ˾ģֻǸӲ˵Ķ飬ǵһ͸ڱ׹ͷһзĳȥһ·ôХҿ·ĺ˾ֵܡﲻΪ֮һ

ǳ׹ˮгܴУ³ʱһ˵ľ˾Ԯ޷
ڰϴ󺰣ش㿪Сı½
ǽŵĺͨͨͣ׷
סƴȥǴкȵֱۣ·һεȥ棬Ĵ磬ŹͬѪҺȻǷ·Լһȣϻҧס

ѧǺڣȥʱϴѾס棬ֻУȻס˸׵ĲϷ֣Ǻ˼ˮصĿ޺ţأңأңҲ
Ӿ˵˶֪ٶΣգ㲻Ҫ۾˵ͬھϴߵĻѾæźүѽ֣ôȥҪ
ҲǺ˼ˮ£أ̣
νڽʱʱĸӣȭ𣿷ϻϰȥ
ֻ˲䣬ϴǳԾŴ˾ϴһɫĴָʳָڿ﷢ʾ˳ˡ

ѧ˱Σ˾ˮû
Χָָˣܿʱרעŵ鼤룬ͷңõĵ̣ϴڽ˶࣬óȻһ˴ʱǹٻиʧСʧ󣿱ϾôɣϾǸˣʱĴΣաŶϰģˮ½ϵı춼˵õģαԳ
򽭰λʱܺȻԶɢһѾ̷ˣڽܷȥһһᣬһץס죬ǸŮӣװ׾ġ벻࣬ʹ򰶱ȥϰܴϢŹſڵ̰ϣŮӽһԵİԼڴڴϢ
ϴﱻߺϵĿš
 


31Ѽ ... 
 
 
ܴ綶ϵˮһ㣬ֵܲΧϣȻԾ˺ɢȥܾ;һůķϣ̧ۣȻǴ罯Σţȴ
磬Բ𣬰ܹһˡյ˵ҡҡͷЦȥ

Ǳߴϴ󾪺ѣûµģߵģ
ܼϴһʪīɫŻ°ڴˮšһŵεδڵϾһȦˮգӶͷܴԼû£Żˣ¾ѡ
ϴŭ˵һ䣺ôأ磬Ȼȥͬˣ
ӺǳŻ
˷׷ΧֱظɢĽγؼҸȥ

ܱ˲ݷ˵ӵѺϳֱظһ·粻ͣˮֹǣ˷纮
󲽽¥ŭݣֱԼʰ
ĸţϾŵظʣܶôˣô
˱İͷʪӣţϸǻŵô޲ֹ㣬ôģ
ôģҷҲúôƨɡֱﲻȥȥߣһͷȥЩϴ޷޵

˵Ҫƨɣ泶ɤؿ޺ţֳҫϣĳáǸǸͻȻʧ飬ȥ治ͣ磬δؿޣһתȻ˵һֽţһϸǸŶֽŵġ쿪ǺúõģǺõģ
Ȼ

ϴѲӴ󺰣϶أ϶Сأҹ
һۿŭܣ㣬ִĶȥʲô˵ѽ˵Ӳƨɣ
ԭزֻ޷޵صŭۣʹĵҶһһ˵бˣΪʲôĵֶȥԸáүˣȥ᳤ͨݺҲ±˴ȥһأ

ǡҫϽţ뼯һͷʪǱӣ磻ըëСèӣͺʣôˣ

ܳĿĿתضųҫϵı飬մ˽ֵЦݣ˵⣬ֽ
㻹װ͵ػϴ󲹵еӾֱͱ͵͵󹴵¾ݵоأ
ըװһ仰ϴȻ
ܶôôͬү˵ţϾŵǰȰ衣

ϴ󻺻ܶѻ˵աءƾʲôڣƾʲôԩ
ʹĵܣ᲻㣬ҪӣɻõȥˣˣãʲôҲ䣡
ȻתԳҫϣһǶóҫϡ⡱˼ҫϾŸףҺһ
ҵʲôˣ㻹ܽϴɽžߣҫϴɫҲմ˻ҳӲ֪ʲô£ʲôˣҹһȥҽˡ

᳤ȥõģϴ󵥵ֱʣ˵ף˵ѽϴ󽹼ߴ٣¶ӾʹȥҲͷ
һҭסϴͣؿԣҫһãȻʣʲôѽ
ҫٿȻתͷܣȴǸӲϷƭңˣȥݣ

׳ʲô£ҲŻؼ֪˵취ҫҲˣӽŵĿЩԤС
תҪߣϴ󽹼һססҪ
Ъ˹ضԳҫŭ𣺡סڣ㲻˵ʵǰɣ㲻˵ʵѽأأҵ򡮵ѼӡӲʲôʱϣ
һ仰óҫɫֽףڲŸ׾Ȼû˵㵵Ŀȥͷʦү
˵ү˵ʵɡ᳤¶ˣöүүָʹȥ֡ⲻүӸѹүôĻ
ʦүʹĵ٣Ϊүã£ٵģǺοأ˵תϴ˵ӵˡҲرˡ
ҫŭˣţңңʲôûֵĿϴƺԤϵױŭĺ

϶˵ʵЩ治㡮ѼӡѼӡôôĹ⣿ҫϵֶΣ¶ܵץ©ǰշܵѽ
ҫϻǿҲпѱ磬̵ɨˣһֵͬ͸ΡҫͻһһٶԸ׿ҫһΣ--֪-ʲô᳤֪ĸ᳤Ǻʣͬҫ϶𣿡
ҫ˴ͷûնԸ׵ΨΨŵŵڴŴͷ¶

ϴ۴ڿ˵ã㲻˵Ӳ֪ӲҲҪӲסͲ˲أأһȣ¥Ҳ
ûҫϼöţֵ̿Ŀ⿴ĴޱԲˣһһҺһһģһִֵһţޡ

ѽӰ򡮵ѼӡϴԸ˾㤵ĿпľһĻҪݣ޲ݱɫ
±ŸʣʲôǴ򡮵Ѽӡѽ緸ΪʲôҪѼӣ
ŵԱߵһס죬ŵؿĳҫϡ
ҫϻ񣬹رס׵Ȱţ֪ǵģŻʮꡰѼӡǶˡƴҡŸ׵ȴ󺰣ʱ䣬죡Ӹ¶ˮʯ 

һϳҫϵĽһһһޱ˵ٿ½
ҫϴʧɫĴ˿ǻţѽһ죬һ𣿡
ϴŭȣĥʲôϼˣź
죬ѽ죻͸һСʱöѽҫţ˦Ĵվţң϶ģŻ϶Ķ԰ɣ
ˣϴŭһֹ
˻ߵһ󣬳ҫһŰ󣺡϶ɡ϶ǱԩģҪӲһʱ͸һʱһ׼ĸ쵰ݺģһƤֵţͰ͵Ÿױŭת£ңĲңΪʲôԩң

ܶô˵ϴܡ
ܳŪӵϷҲز飬Ҹڳ£ǹõļԼƷԲˣҶӵԼһʲôɣ˵תҪߣĴס
һڳֽźҵġ侮ʯ۾ðʡƽᷳҫҫӡүƾʲôǴү⸮˶ҫϳ谮мӡҪҫϣֵֻȥ֡

ʲôϴʿһĴǰ
ҫϼЪ˹źţΪʲôѽ϶ҲĶӰɣΪʲô!Ϊһ仰ͶͶһѵӣӰĵʿտɱҳҫǲԩģ
 


32ʹ ... 
 
 

ϴٺٵЦˣӳҫϺĿ˵⸮¶֪ٵĻȥŹתԸҾԩˣ⸮¿ˣӼҷﶷ³
һƬţ۵һ̫ţ϶϶ѽ㡮ѼӡɣôУǲҪѼӡѽúպѽ
ȥ𣿵ҪҫĴƴһ˫۱Եø޹Ͱ͵ϴ
ϴ̧ͷһۿ¥¥һ˫˫Ŀ⣬һҹȥ
ֺһܶ£
ɢ̼¥յ

һĲҽУҫӷϱ
ѽ ľС
ܵڵһ𣬻ջһ㡣ȻʹؼҸӵĴ˵ķͷһ߳һ۶޲ȥطϴֶ񶾵ķˡ

ҵĳҫϿֵܵŴ죬ֱۣ·𿴵˰겻󾰡Ȼȥ˾ʣĴգҫҲֻ޴ 
˵˵ʵϴһԸһ򣡡
һ˺ѷεĿ޺............ԩǱԩġ
ವһƤ޻裬ҫϡ
һȥ໡һҺҫӾմת޺ң
ʲôǸ𣡡ֹţ˫ҧȴָ͵ҵĳҫϣŸ׵ǿѰ⣬ʲôأ
ܷȻĿ棬ͷٶ졣 вУϴϺȣһ޳£ҫϲһƬҶתţغԩ
ʣµıӼٴ𣿶ĿۣסˡöӲĻְɡ
ҲˣҸּۻˣϴһ塣
ƽ㼸£ֻǽ죬ͷһΣܵǼ棬պΪ䡣ίһƨɣܵء
Ȼòֺյ裬ܶ޵ؿݣѹֽҫִ֮ӡֻǳҫϣǰЦȺ۵ĿܣͷղŽʱ¹ڳת˲㱻̤һĲֵպڽ죿

ϵĲмûӹϴۣһ䣺϶ʵڴҫϴ磬´Σܾ㡣㻹ΪҫϸԼԾ֪ͷӲǵӲ
һЦ˼Ū
ֻۼǱѪıٴδ£ҫϡءһҺ漴ǿŵʱʱֱĴͦţ¥ݶڲšţܵǶѾˣһˣ˶Ӱɡ
һӳ£ϴֵƨɵ֪Сʲôʺԩ㵱Ȼԩ
ôŶӵĻءôԶûôѽ
ƾʲôףõү˵Լ˵Ϊʲô

ϴı߮ͣĳ赭д£ݺݵøµ˶һ٣ܼ𣿡
ҫϴ飬ŵòҺױˣƴҡͷģѽѽԩǸ᳤ûڳõġ
¥ѽ
ȸǻ£ҫ˻ߵش£ǣǶӺãޱȿ־塣
ŵĿȻɳˣƺһѶڽӽβķй
ϴıҲҫϵգҫʹϵǣǶӴҪ߶ܣҪ棬ǶӼǵ׶ӣҫϡĴӳУѾ͡
ҫһȴǺÿԲֹעһģʲôϣ˶ӣ......
ţͻʹȥŵɴۣ૵ˣˣˣ............Ƶĳȥ

ˣүȥϴƤ޷ԸݺݵһܣѵǺˣҪЧ¶͹ȥˣᣡ
ǹЦָӼ˽ҫ̧ߡ
ҫϵķ¥ľͷ̧ط·Եø
̫̫СѾǲҳǻͿŷڷ͵͵عۿʹóҫϵĻطνʾڰѿ֪ܲظ浽ſڣĿͳҫſٴʧ¥ͷ
ϴķ߿ת˳ҫϣ䲻ңȴҲŭ䲻

ʦүȥϴķɫȻ
ү̫ںλүˡʦү˵
δ׼Ǵĺ٣үǽƨȥˡʦүƲ˵
ϴڴ߿ҹɫͷʹĸ첲ô򣡡
ٱϾˣôҲ̫ˡүôֲɡĴȨǾġѽȣһı죬ôˡ
϶ģҲҰˡҲ˻ᣬģȨУʲٹˣӹܹҲǮûǮСʲôǣҿȥȥ
Ǵү̫үԼףҲðһֵ̳ٴôݡʦү̾٣ҲǷүһѪѽ
ϴͷȻŷãƺһ仰㵽ʹҪڣſߵ

үүȥһ£ҪҪү
ϴһҲ˵
ʦү촽ȴ޻
ʱܼʣүٵΣƲãүһ档
ϴ󲻼˼
ٲʱֻȿڣϴţȥ
ʦүЦһ˦ӳŶȥ

˲ߣϴ̫£ҼүүһŽ
ȥϴ̫ͨү϶ⲽˣǺһ棬ô𣿡
ϴתҲŭδ
үүɵɵƽյӶ°֪ģƶ˱һٲĴظүͲ˵仰𣬰

٣٣⾪
ҫɳƵ˭ҽǰԣ
ϴһ̧ۣҫϵײײ϶Ѫգһذ׺ںͷ΢ͷĿ͸
øһ޶ϵİϷٸˣϴֱʹ
϶϶ҲΪѵҫʵ϶ͬݱ϶Ƿԩ֪ǵǻ϶϶ʳ϶˵ֻǵΪʲôʮ꣬ΪʲôҪճأ
˵ذ׵ͷݺݴš

϶˻ϴסذײ룬һǶγҫϡ
ҫϱ̧ʱţ϶ܼҷԸ¥ȥүĻ¶ϸˣ춯ҷү¶ʲôʲôȥκ˲⴫˭Ұ´ȥСԴ


33 ... 
 
 

عݿһܽͨ˵үǸָĶ˴аϰԵŵл˵ǼҶүڽҴС 
ϵ鲼ȫͺ⣬ͬ˴ʹϵͬһ㣬ƽ˻ֻ˵ͷӲͬذύүŵؼݷãʵ⡣
ϴľЦӭȥ
˵ϧϧŮˣ۾Ź⣬ϲԭشĺϧϧϧϧҵϧϧ

ү˽˿۾ЦȽͬϴڣϴæԸϲ
ϧϧ̧߰ͷЦݶмָ߸ϡʹڰϧϧͣ꺮ůϧϧҲĿⲻʱȥܡ
СŮԣˮӴȡֻղŴۻض֪£Ŵл
ˣƤٲõģҲǳʧ¶ˡϴ˵ĳӣǲ֪ģϻѽ

ϧϧȴ˵ǳӳ⣬˳⡣˹Ὺ˵˾У԰ճ˶ƫҪȥ߿˾ߡ
˾Ҹߵģǰȥؼȥţû˾Ҳȥġš
ϧϧĵСҪ㲻һԼǶȥ˽ҲɲײСĳҲ
һһУס

ϧϧ᳤ֹš
ϴȻһԴҿʰϧϧС˵ǳӵĹϣ
û˵йѽйϣܿôԶϧϧֵ
ԩѽǧԩʦүһԺٺٵЦЦ˵ҫİͽ㲦Ƽˡ
ܣȥĴϧϧܻȥıۣǻŵܾ
λǶүүʡ
ϴԸܼ

ŰϧϧĴȥתһ·潲ͣҫүؼݵĲǺǳȥѵϵҶɨˣѾߵˮˡӻ԰ƺ۷ʱϧϧҡŸ׵˵ҵļɽʯƯι״ġǼҳ߹ͺͺģͼ÷
ȻСϲƼƬȥĳҲǸӹţЩɽʯ̫ʯʱӻġ
үŭŮʧ񣬵̫ʯˡ
ʱү˵Ǿ̸ͬףպڹڵĲֻͷȥˡ
滹ֻͬϧϧڨǱܿǾˡڽ죬֪ѵãǮ˵Ǯʡ£٣ë٣ءôУȻϣֱϲˡ
ܣӢ𣿡ϧϧգգۿʣҡͷѾͷʵ֡
㲻ҪҰС㣬SissiҸӢ֣ţͽPeterɣƤҵСһ֡
ϧϧүŭ

ֱ߰С㣬ܲŷְ
ܶҲڵ϶߶߷ҽ˵ҹŶɫģֻӢĲã˼ҶڼҿӰϰӢģл
ʦүһһɫ͸ƿ˵϶ŮˮƺġϲүϲүҿǲҡǮүǵ˱ˡͬ˴򽻵࣬ãÿóˡ
ϴڷ˷ܵŲ˼̷ԸȥԸȥˣǺŮˣе㽴ƨǸǸȥҫҲеĻ£ۼҪæˣͷ϶תڷԸЩȥүĺõýἸȥ
һ䣬˲Ŀ⿴ʦүˮƿ㶵٣ҽԺ𣿡
ϴͷ˵ߣȥҽԺ

ҽԺҫϳϵľˬʣڲϣӻ
ϴֹ˵ˡ
ܵĿһֱעӳҫϣ˵ЦЦƵᣬ·һжδȥ̽ȵľƺ¶ȣۣëܸţϣһһʦүæ˫ֽӹ˵ٿˡ
ֻĿͬҫʱЦĿ͸亮⣬һҪ͸ġܵЦʱɢȥЩܿûԩҫϣܡȻϴֶμˣǳҫĸԸȥѽͶ·ӣ

ҽô˵ϴһоʡ
ҫЦ˷ʣ⻹ҽ˵ҫƤģѵ𣿡
ϴƤɫѾƲ𱸵˿ûãƣ¡ٶ˵ңͷİ̻ˡ
ǣϲҲжܵĸ˰Сô⡣ҫ˵ΪƣƱܣܣˮƾһҲ̻ᡣŵ̻󹦣˸ˡ£ͲˣǰΪеĵطֵǶϵĺӣǰѻͲϵˡ

ܲòƣԳҫûøУ˲ӣԵСˣ˾оơ
ϴڰֶ˵ܶϴ£ѾˣҲ֪ˡ˽ˣԺᣬҲϵ񡣡
ҫϺ⣬˿鼦ƨɵȥ׵ĵΪԼһ飬ǿӻδأϴѾһ赲ȥ·ǿƨ˵ԣͲҪܡ
ǹɰ޲𱸵Ŀɨһۣһ±ȥҫϵĵҲ˵

ҫľͷһԮʦү漴ԳһЦ˵ʵǳԵģ޷ϲϲôô꣬óԺúȵζҲζˡ
ϴһ˵һ˵ԩڳֽŵ£ݣȥ
ҫָ˴˵ڴڿһ磬¥½Сؤʳǿ˸ӸǺӣΪܳ伢ɣһֻ򹷹ǰӾܡ
 


34̴ ... 
 
 
ҫ˵÷޷ޣʦүǺЦ˵ٻⱯ˵飬ס
ҫϱһ⣬ҡͷмǺӾƴȥӣҧѪܵģ治֪ǰǺһӣһֱ룬ҴӽϼȥﱻҲôİɣңͶˡ
⻰˵øˣȴĿϴĿתƹ۲ÿһĨϸ΢顣
ϴͣסӣδ̧ͷת˻˵˵Ϥȥι򹷣簲İ׵Ե鶼Ʋ£ֻİⵥáҫӦУӡ
˼ɨҫϡҫһȻЦȻֹٻЩȴѰֻβסüҵʹ࣬ȴ״룬ҫѵϴƺûкǰϵһ̣һ޵ҧгݣʹҲԭ¡

ҫȴδĿ⣬ֻǳڶϻϲУžƺΪ׺ʦүƣյ̸Ű˻ﲻͬڱ·͹ء
ϴתۿܣԸ˵ܶЩҪֵġҫϴӺЩµˣȥ͸ͷ߶ҲϤ̻еҵ񡣽ϵĶͲؽ㣬Щ׵ࡣֻϼҴҵ󣬲ССҪѧĶࡣ
ϴһǻ鲢ûӹһǣ֡

ҫˣżֳƲˡΣҫҪʱһѰ³ҫϵļͷԼӹƺΪơϴĿο
ȵþ΢뿪ʱϴʾܽǰȻԸҲûƴǡֻϴʱһĳҫϷԸˡ
ҫ΢㶣ЦˣȤ˵Ҫشȥġ

ߺ󣬲ġ
ҫϷشϢڴԵ鴤
ߵʣ٣ˮ𣿡
ҡͷڰ־Ȼû˵
붯һ¶˺Ƥʹۣ˵Ҳ;խĴֻʹһһģǲĹ·׻ڻϣ֣ͣȴҲͣʹߣڿЦĿס

սǰ˵̽̽£Ϣˡ
ҫ۾󣬷·ĻΨһο˵ÿǱʴڵؿӣǴձǸʲôʽ磬پǱߵˣת˶һСȡ׿ȴֱԭ˻ѳѵӢܲܵõģǶԷգ֡
׿ȷϲաҫ׷ʣסں˵أ
̽Ǳ˵׿⻧˼ң齳ϺٵģɹǰĹٷУǼҵ̫ү磬ȥձͬЩ
ҫ˼Ƭ˵ȥҵƬӣһڷˡ
䣬ľû֪

ҫۣһĵ峿
ĸ̫һƻʣ϶𣿡
΢΢˵û¶⺰װͷӿġ
Ŀڰڵһңʣ˭ģ
รǸڷˣһˡ̫˵϶ծϵģϸƤʲô˲ңͬôŮ˾֪ϲձˡ

ҫǿЦЦ˵ձˣйˣձһ࣬ˣɷˣףֻʣǮ
ǹѸ֪ѸǰǷǶ
ҫϸЦЦõ˵ͬˡ
ۼ˯
̫ˣֵС֣ƽ׵Ĵ˲ˣģûЩοЦأ׸Ƶġպôѽ
ҫȻģһġ
ʲôң㻹强ءүеǮͳһܣﻹʲô˵գģû˯⼸ΪͷӳģʲôһƳСȥˣҲռˡ
ҵûϣ֣ʲôҫϲᷳסͷ

ãﾲĳҭҲͣϢˣһƬֻò̶ô˯ˡ
ʱָͷͱһµģ֡
ҫ֣ᷳ
ʲôҪੲˡ
ͷ£˯ɤڳЦڷˡ
ҫεƿӣ˵һ䣺ʧ񣬲֪㵽ˣǸ
ڷ˿پֻЦ˵ԭǿ״˴ѧУءúһʦġ

˾̸ĸߣӴѧ⺣̲ҫ΢
ͽһӰɣͬѧһʵ˵
ʶ.ǸӸ߸߳һģУӵġڶɿɽѾǴƶڻ˵¶ӰЦġ
ŶǶֹţӵġҫϱ죬¶ȴǣϵˣʹ
ڻӹеʣѹ
ҫЦҡͷŻ˵Ǹͱ.һŮͬѧAmandaҵǻǵá
ŶAmanda ûͬ޽飬޸һͬѧλͬѧҲAmanda ȥ˶⣬ͬһʦС˸ף¢˾Ƿ˺ơȥͬѧỹĹ󷹵ۻᣬƺƴ󣬰Ѳά򡣡
һ˵òͣڣ̸Ц̫õˮ˼ġ

DarcyΪʲôȥͶأػƽģ̻ôҵܲܰѼȥһﲻǣڻʡ
ڶмʣǶأճҫį˵
ڻӿЦˣʲôҪؼµʱж١ͬѧǮæ㣬һ֧Ʊ¾а˳ɵĻرֺǧѷġͬѧǱ߶ڶǮǮͶȥǮġ
ҫһһ׷ʼ䣬Ȼֻ̻ɫȻȻ˵ûȤȴޱʧ䡣
һ£Ҫз˴Ϊһ¡ҫ˵һһˮĸ˵ȥߣҪ̸⡣
ֻҪڻ˵ҫϴͷͳһļͼƬ

ļգҫϵıࡣ
·紵ɢһƶȥûϰ廻߼޻£żָ˳ҫϵıӰЦҫϱȴ£ճڲʱһЦݡֻǶͷƤ޻Ƶı޺ۻδȬԵøۡ
ȻϴЦҫϵĻȴˣѵǰ˵һ仰

ͣȥϰֻݰǼ˱ǣҲ˵ˡ
ϴ󲻵˶֣ԼŰǼж¼ȣֻֻɨһˣͽһֻȷȥҫϵ
ܵܰԼǳ԰ɡҫ϶µÿӼȣȥǰĵϴһֱעӳҫϵı飬Ц紺磬⡣
ϴڶֻȵݸ棬ȻҡֹҲԣҲԣһϵļѼĵҳԲ¡
ƫģŮһûء̳ӵȥ׵ǰϴͻĴֻȣЦ˵ѾͷңٳԵĺá
չİɡõֻȣ˸Ρ
μֹǳӵ
Цѡ
 


35ĺ ... 
 
 
ϲԼҲСʾãҲƴǣʹڵسţɫ
μһȺĪĹ¥Ͱ͵¥ݹˡѼʹëķֲ
С۵Цˣ¶һСǲ˰ɣһ¥
ûƭ㣬ҲѽаŵǣЩѼֻһȹŲڲҽУһȶѽţѼϻëһģһһϵġҴչȥ˵ɣѼһһʺĵҴУ
ϴ˼ţ˻ŻҲֱţĶģԷ˵Щ

ֻҫϳһЦףӳԱˣйҪȥ졣ûķԸ¥ˡ
ϴ֨֨صӦһڰʾ⣬ݺݵһ棬üɫͬƿЩҲĬĿͳҫŲѵĲ¥
үǹٰܹɣЩʱ֪ôˣ˵ҹȥģֵʵڲء̫˵涼ʢأ˵컯֮ҲܵġһС㣬ȥ

ܱҫȥֿգƮ˝ϸ꣬ɵ죬;ѹ֡
ҫǰ棬ǳɫ£¶ĽᡣȻһȳһգȽ
һɫķ£ŵķڸ˰գձñѹõ͵͵ģ÷°ڶɪɪ졣ЩŲҫȴͣס˵ܣպʶ˾ͺáؼҶү˶ԸֻǹⶩģС֣ܱȵģ
⻰̶Ƴ˹˵Ļõʲô֣

һ·һ·ܱµ򶨣ȴ𺳣Ҳû뵽ϵĸ˵䱸ɭϣֵԴļƣκϸ΢һ˿
٣٣ֵ֮Ƕ񣬶ԳҫϼΪء
ҫº͵Цţһ߶˵˺ǿ̵ģʲôиµķ衣ճʱרҰæָ㡣ҫ˵ֿ߱ͷͬ㽻Ŀ
ۿܣϲı飬ͬʲôȴĮȻĴš
շ˵ͷտҪظˡ
ȲĿ㣬ҾˡĴͷЩˣĵġҫϽţͷĹ¶νܸܡ

ȥʱ߹һƾõĲֿ⡣
ְְ֣......ӵ˺ѷΣɤӶһ㣬þĵܡ
ʦүܶһۣѰȥֿﾹȻкӵ
ѽ£ְأְء
ЩϤϸֱ棬ȻһǷ᳤Ǹ죬õˣǰЩʱ˳ҫϵǮȥõļһλ
Ÿ֨֨򿪣ҫ칪˵룡
˫Ȼǹ۾ƺʲôҪҿ

᳤ţѺŲö
ԶŸ۵ޣϵһȴӷţһǶɻĺ캢С۵Ŀ¡˶ԴһСӣֱǲ̣תʳҫϣô£
ҫϲһӷ˵ҾͲףҳŲסˡʹüͷͽĿͶ򷽻᳤᳤òҿֻ޺ǵŵĺӺȰţ£ְء

ܾҪǰȥȺӣҫ᳤ָָ˵ȥүʱεظǮȥõ
ܲ׳ҫΪͷһ±᳤һ֮
ģξͲܵУʣСӣʲôӢۣ
ҫܣҳҫϻִôȥã
ڰ֣¶һ̿¯ͷںͷ£̿ţƴؿ֣һ;ٵǺԡ
ҪҪѽ᳤޺˻ߣ۾Ҫɳ
ϣ٣ңҺͿϣǣõѦȥָʹġѦүשڡ

Ŷƾʲô㣿ҫ죬һ޹ģҡҡͷƺšݸ˾ͼһȻľ̿򷽻᳤۵ֶӡ
ҪҪ᳤˫һ̱ڵϣضޣǣǣǡ᳤ӵܣͷ
ҫϣ쵰Ϸٻ쵰㲻ȥԸһӣܷŭˣǰҪȥǺӡ
ţҫϺһһѷɵֱָǺϣһһ˵ȥѽȥ벽⺢Ӿȥ
ҪҪ٣ү˴ҹϣҲҵѦүҡ᳤޵ҲţĪһžͺ绻ʲôôõĻ

ҫϺǺһЦѦүͲүĲ㣿ϷʵĻ˲ҫϵĿȴܣһСָ棬·ʱԷɳնϵסĺ
᳤һҺ˵˵˵˵ġүһߣүطֵ̣ү˶үĿﲻѶү¸淢ȥѲöүҵУү㣬Թ㲻ٵĿϰ壬ͽôô˵ң֪Ķ˵ˣЩˡ
Ͷò룬֪ʹҲ᳤֪ĻŽɣǣҫϵı飬Ǳԩ˲ôܻϧֶøն

ӿ𣬷᳤ŵÿͷ޵үҰɣֻҪŹӡɱңҶӣ꣬㡣᳤ͨؿͷ졣
ӣͷĵƽ𣿼壬һģҲΪ룡ҫǰһֳ˵ɱ㣬ûã˷һӵӣպ󱨳Ҳûôɵ
 


36ѪѪ ... 
 
 
үүҴˣҹѦĵĹңҸҺûġ᳤޵ƴͷأ龰ʮֱҡ

ʦүӳî˳ҫǱԩˣϴǶڧļƣóҫϰװ׳үһٱ򡣵֪ҫϵԸ񣬲ɵ˵٣ʹˣ罻үȥΣ
ɱţҫЦ˵ҳҫߣ
ǹڰϣܺʦү뿪ȻϣںϾ޵ĺӣȰҫϣҫϸ磬ܸ棬⺢Ӱɡ
ҲΪߣԷ᳤ƭҧгݡֻǣǺӣܾ˺ܡ
ҫϾͲͷؿҡͷ죬ʼ磬Цȥڰ֣ȥ⿪Ǻӽϵĺ񣬷᳤ؿͷܳƬ̣˳ҫϳţǵĲʹľǿޱΣԩ˳ҫϣĵҧǸɳҫϵݺãΪժϵʹҫϸҫϺεԩһޱ޴޴棬һһجΡ

߳һ죬Źرա
ܾػ............һ۵ļ׶û
ͻҪתҫһסʣȥʲôûˡ
ס֣ܴƿҫϳֿȥĿࡣѪģ鴤ŵ壬һĺӾͽûϢǰĳ鴤
Ҫѽ᳤Ŀ޺ͷ
ܻۣþѪȷҲǼѪգ۵˭֪õүΪӲﶼ˸ǣû⼸ӲֻΪΪһֱ̻ĵ壬˺ƱҲ˺¡ҫϣȻë

ҫȴﳤȥ
һ·׷ؼң󲽳¥һͷĺˮ޿ǰĲҾ硣
¥ǡҫȻ£ȥһץסҫϵĲȭһȭڳҫϡҫϴֲͷᣬšͷȭҪȴڸһĺǳ»ȭͷֶŭĿӡʱܵĵڶȭشڳҫͷϣҫϵݺײǽϣȥ۵÷ʧȥ֪ʱѪӱǿʮǱ

٣ʦүҺһǰȥȰ꼰㣬ֻλүˣүء
ϴһѾסܵĺ󲱾ܷϴ⸮ݲֵ֣ܶһû۵أ
ҫʹĲŴߵѪ꼸˵ڰзТôͷĴǮĺ˵ӣӳҲǸ֣֪ʲô캦¡Ϊ˼һΪҫţɴյְڸ׵Ӳͬܶ֡

ߵָ˳ҫޣɥҲ᳤㰤򣬺ĺʲôأǺӣôСôộ ܴ˴ͷָܻܺ𣺡Ƿ᳤㰤һٺݴбȥͬ磬øĺӷʲô磡
ҫؿֻһѱѪʱѪջѩ÷ŸۣĻȥܶ˵ܣ㺦Ǻӣ㡣ҪŪǷǱȥѩޣǺӲֶСһɰꡣŵɰ۵С첲źڶ۾ִ˾Цͱ㲻εļ仰ˡ
˵չЦת

ϴһʦүʦүѷ´ϴס˵ʡʡˣ
һʹĵĲͷܵԩ
ܵͣȴû˺Ļ
ĺӾ͸ɱ澪Ŀ࣬ͷԳҫǰδеĿ־壬ͷ¥ȥ

̫ĵؿ֣үļҷأⲻǵŪǷݺˣҪ˻үҪ϶һǡ˵ðʹޡ
ϴĬ̫֣Ŀֱܡ֮ܶ˷᳤Ĳԣԩ˳ҫϣֻҫϻ˴
ү϶ۣôŸݶЩүȥð϶ͷˣͷ˾ͽӲˡѵ϶ԩͰװ𣿡̫ˣ޴֡
һ׵ĿĿʹᣬԥĹأһҪӳһһҪһֻؼҵĹ̫ܲҫһ١էëèëȭͷ룬ȲѣɱѪ·ƴһȥҲ衣

˵ˡҫϵǸҵˣȻỹҫϸ˵ġĹأҲõһ١Ѽӡø¿۽ɣⲻȥȡȥ𣿡ҫ϶ЦţشܣƼ١
ڵߺعһ㣬ǵóﱳ棬ȷʵһԳǹԩҫϵġ
ܣô˵ϴ󿪿ʣԼҪڣӵԼȥ̫ĸͱˣ²Ĺܡ
ܳĬ
ϣ˵ͷڹ꣬ͷڹԼѽ˻ͶؼӺ˾Ͳó϶ҹүˣǲҲ˵䱧Ǹѽ
ô˵Ҳڶŵ϶ӵģνֵ̳ܲôܰġҫ

ܱһǻߣȴҫϲŲæļ仰˵ƽڼݣ罯ζô죬ΪĿڲˣȻԳҫԶˡ
ҫϣҲ˴ҡѼӡɱң㲻Ҫָ˵Ҹ㣡
˵գವĴӰγذףѸײڶ֮һȥüͷ΢壬ҧһѳذףѪע
˾вѣ±ӡ
 


37Ī ... 
 
 
ܣϴһѱסŵ˺½Ϊţ죬򣡡
ҫϽӹǰذŪŴ£Ϳ˽ѵƤûһֵǮҲһȣͻĹҲѼ𣿰׺ݵĿԹصܣȴ޾ɫ˵ҫϣϴε£ұǸǲ編Ƶң
ƾʲôҪңҫŭţЦûйеŭ⡣
ϴʹüͷšͻȻ˿޺ֹ̫һ㻹ûˣѵҪҵĸؿͷתŭӳҫϵܡѼӡ뱨ˣӷ㣡

һţѻȸ̫סǴޡҫҲֻŸףġ
ҫյ⽥ȴ֮ȴѳЦ赭д˵ҫҲŶܣպڽ˵СĸЩҫϵǷТãص͵ܵܵ¶֪ҫǵŵˣŹƭ˰˵ǵĻָʹܵˡң̫۰ˣ¶ĻҶȥʵҫһֱôΣֻҫϰһٴסܵܵܵģҫĸԸġҫ϶ʮ꣬ʲôҫϣպϧҫϵġ

Тأϴʡ
ʦүƤЦⲻЦĽһ䣺ˣʧӾ衣ⷽТӣһֱûáݷ𣬴ǮȥҽҩһȺСΪӣ䱦ġ񣬺Ȼûˡ
ϴ̶Ŀ´ҫϣζҪȴ£˵ܶҫϴ㲻ǡ
ҧҧ˵ҫϣԲ𡣡
£ϴȵ
ҧ¡
ҫϴȲƽϣ㡭ϴ»ȥҫʱŲǰ˵ᣬѪգĵӶ֮֮顣ȹգ˸Т͵ȥ°ɡ
ҫ˵ţʹŤ˿ľŤͷ˵ʧˣȸˣȥһˡǱѪ͵δδ£˵ɫĳ
ˣְ˽ŷܽȥ˿ڣ̫סҫϴ޲ֹ˰ɣ˰ɣ

ҫЦˣЦֹžһݶ
ҫϱ⣬̫ںʣ϶ȥȥء
ȥ磬ߡõȥҫ˵
ưãҫϾ͹αˮϴˢ裬ǲдҲһӰ١
֪ʱɡںԺѰ֣磬ĥԼȻʲôûͲҪĥԼ
ҫϿЦ˵ѣһ¥طȥϴ衣

ˮͷ£磬ˮšǰذֱֻۣ̽ҧݺһһСϺݺݻһƤⷭѪ¡ȥذ״ڵϣһסѪСۣתײײԡš

үˣˡٵĴַˣǱʱ赹ԡˡ棬ϴܾͳȥҫϵķ䡣
϶϶ϴҫϻصּ־ԡΪҫΧҫϱͦ
ҩأ?ɤӵҩأãǸԵҩƬ϶ҩƿأ

һţҫϵɴҪۿŴ죬Ƿ·ڴͦƺҪ
ϴùҩƿֵҩҫϿУҫŵֵҩȥһһأϴ㲻Ҫ
ߣߣҫ૵˺
أԱء̫ˮҩͣذ϶ûµģû¶ģ͹ȥˣϾͺˣ϶
ϴȴ㵵ɫҰĳҫϣͷһᡣ
ȴѪɴӣæʣ϶ôˣ
ˤ鲣ӻ˵ġ̫֨

򣬴򣬴ˣæϴæȥһԣһͷ󺹻ͷʱįſ
Բ𡣡˵ǰգǴһ٣ܻҫϵʹɣˣʬˡܡҧ
Ƕˣϴֱ۾£һ󣬲¿˵ѽȥͬûϵϸͬ
ϴҫϣֱ˯£ǻŪʪı죬ŽҫϷŻشϡΪǺñӣһ䣺ת۳ôˣˡ

̫һصĿޡ
ϴᷳŮ˿ޣ͵Ҫͻطȥ
ϣү϶ίһԣԽ£Ҿﾾʹүø¹ұŰƴһŵӣÿ޲ءȻģɺô˽ʮ꣬һʺһ˵ġ֪ү׹ݲˣҷѵʲôأ
˵տ޵
ϴյ䣬ֻ⻰ᣬ˵Щ˽ͷӻ¶϶˼Ҿʹˡ
ǵ̫޵øˡ

 


38ծ ... 
 
 
ĵΣмƣԼĹƣԩ˳ҫϡͬʱСҲݺݱѪ۾Ƿ᳤޲ǰ龰ҫϵķ䡣ͬҫԺͣȥԸ
ҫϣ̸̸˵£ԼҲκ˲֡˵Ҳԩԩ౨ҲǣͰ棬֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ҫ΢ش΢ƲֽϵһļȥС

СҡؼҵĶĻġƲģֻաܼ仰ǳҫġǲ˵СҪǱͶͰ棡
ҫϿЦҪĹңү㶯죬Ҷʮ͵Ȼ޴ˣ֪պ󻹻˵Щʲôҫ̯̯˵ԣͨˣһУҲϡҰүӵķԸӸ㣬һ飬Ҷ

ҫϴӳȡһ˲ص϶˵˾ͱˣð˲㽻ˡ⼸ȥĴͷϤ⣬ϻؼҾͽĿһܺȫת㡣ܿʼҶһܣһҾͲȥͷ¶棬ʡְ¾Ļҡ 
ҫ˲̧ʱﲻ
ƢôųëͷСܣûõһҲӡүӰŵ£㻹ŤùԹԵؽȥɣȥҲʡˡĻϡأա
ֻɨһۣ˴ߵĻʻȥͷ˵ʣ

ܿŲѵ£ʱüͷһšβסʹ࣬ȻȴҲͬľֻ˫־ԣɵķĿʣùܹ𣿡
ֻ
ᣬҾ͸һ飻ᣬҾʹͷϲãĿĸȥµͷ˲ࡣⲻһͷġ
ܷ˼ƪǴͬС죬ϵǴò̾ҫϿ˲ʮͣڼָ⻮֣֪Ƕģǰǰ״һЩƱݷ
ֻ㽻ţϸڣҰʷͬϸ
㣬պȥʲô̲סʡ
ҫϺԥĴ𣺡ǱעͣȥͷҺȫԸȥϵЩеĻ⡣ҫ˵Ҳ⣬Īһ㣬Ĳֲֻᣬ·һɢѵϴıŭǻⳡѪȷ磿

ڼٰ硣¥ĵƹⶼõɫҡҷĹʡֳöͬѧ裬Ȼ٣ǳ󸻴˼ҡ
¥һЦѩǸأҲǼһ
˵ˣѩץӷأôͿۣѷ˵ѻ˻飬֪ȥأ 
¥һȺ͵ЦȺʱɢȥֻʣѩǰεõţһɴȹͷϵɫбϵᡣȴͷ

˲߳¥¶̨ѩ˵˵Ҷˣ߻ˣټ޹ȥء
ܴѩ˵Сܸ磬߰ɣԶ߸߷ɣ˽ɣǻȥ顣
㲻Ҫ˽˵ģܲԲ¡
أô죿ǼƻˣƸȥˡҵ̫̫òҪҹȥϲǼүʲô֣Ѱֵһಡ˼ҵŮմǣŽȢҡҴɩý˵ĹڷҲ ѩţЩ˻ߣ±ȡ

ܷסķֱۺֹ˵ѩ侲̰ٵث֡ڲ˻飬һѰвܸĿԣ
ǣŲǣֻ⣬ãҵﶭңöӶжҵĹɷݡҲܣҲܣȥǻ쵰Ҿȥȥȥ
ѩܵĻصʹޣ·ıίй㷢йܼ޵ÿŵϵˮϢϣзݲ궯ѩѾ˼ңܣܡ

Сܸ磬Ϊʲôƴһƴȥӣӵ˾ǺգӲˣһѩĻģǸˮϽʱһƬƬĴ̵ֱֺ˿۵ľ
Сܸ......ѩ񰧰ѡֻѩ˼֪ﲻҶ֮ܵ
һƬңҪѩˣʲôʱŷԼǣҡ
ѩֻſʧĿ˵Сܸ磬㲻õСܸˣ㻻˸գȻؼҵİӴ˹ͷˡ
ɿ֣ôȻܣõģ˵

٣أүأԸȥ鷿ҡ
ܰѩ˵ȥ棬ȵҡ
ѩԭزϴȻЦ

ܴ󲽽鷿ںʦү˵һԻгҫϹصعһԡ
ܽҫ֪Ȥ˵ȥͷȺͶ˵ɡ
ʦү˳ҫϳȥʣӶˡ

ϴһɰһڣ˵費ǰ̣ζ崼ζҫСӣǻ£Тѽ......
ܾͿҲۿܣȻ룬óһƬ˵ܶ㿴Щ˸ɫġǰС㲻Ȣˣȥޣֻ㣬ʮˣͲСˡСӣóɼҵˡ˵ƯɣǺõģԼһġ

ͷһ㶵ʣʲô
ϱѽϴһЦɵӣôءͣ粻ͯӼˡ
ܵաಡı죬գֱ֮ͬ޷粵
ϴ󷴸ǵ͵Ц˴ߵʣӣĪǣǸйˣ
Լͷ˵ߵĺӣ˵磬ôأ
ھʣǸεѩɣŮҪ޵ȥ𣿡ͣͣȻ˵ϣⱿԴذʵĶӣǲһҲԿʣĹͷ¸նˣ

˦һ䣺²ˡתߡ
СӣĻ£ﲻ˭ģ
ҲȢҲģתߣϴһһɰڵϣһ鿪ˮ
Сӣ˭˵أԼ͸ߣûأǲǿ˽ϷȲʶ˶࣬㵽ſڱһ٣ͬѧǶۣʶһؼҵļҷѽ

ܵĽŲأƽյ͵ͷȥֻǺȻҫϱ򡰵Ѽӡĳϴײµȥֻ֡޵ģȻص
ҫϽɷ棬һַſԸ˵ҺˣҰ뵽¥Сء¥Ǵܵľ硣
ϴϲ˵ѽСӣûϸ磬ȥȥǸ϶ǰ·ˣȥ¾ƵСˣǺſƣ͹
ǣȥ졣ҫӦţӦˬ졣ƣԩƤ˺һ򣬳ҫϾȻһЦɺޣɼصТˡ


39 ... 
 
 
ܳʱǡʣܣѩ˵Щʲôˣô޿ܵʧǵģֹ˵ʲôҪҪģȥѰȥ
͵תĿɿڴֿסʣѩҲ𣿡

ɻؿҡҡͷ˵ѽưͷȥˡ
һƿȾܣ׷󲻷ĵĺ϶ȥʲôŵģɵˣ
ܹ˲࣬嵽¥ƿͬѧǣҲӭİϧϧкֻӺŷȥ˭֪ų¥ţӭϴĸȶײ

...... ٣ԣԲסԳһЦͷһץס˵ȥҸү̫̫˵һȥ׷С㣬ȥȥͻأҪ˽£ǰ϶ظġǱҲȥѰңҿ϶ġ
˵תܣ׷˼£٣ߣү˵ˣͷٲŵģȥҪȵġ
ﻹѰ࣬ҪҲҪȥѩѽѩɵѾͷôôԡǣܸıʲô

ֱܿͱȥһβźȻ룬˭ĳôͣںԺԼע˳ֿˡϸǸ׵ĳ
ͷҲûѩӰȻԶһƬѹѹһȺ˴ӵڽߡܽ·ߣǱܣסһˮʣǱ߳ʲôˣ
£Ĺʲô벻ģȥǸ˼ҵСء
ֻö˵һͷһգֻ˷ֿȺǰţѩѩ񣡡
ȺΧʪһŮʬĿ죬һͷ̷Сë˴𷢿СˮĽڱϣǱҲβסѩ
ѽ
϶̰˼Ҹ󱻰棬̫̫˲ĵġ
϶ǸƻŮɼ飬Ӳزס߷ӵġ
λүģģĿͶܣܺգĿСȵĳ棬ŤͷƿȺܣںλүôģôһҹްնѽ
ܴ󲽵ĳ忪ȺߣֻǲĵĴͷ߲һжѩѩɵ......
ͣͣҲ֪ԼεĲһУǵѩͷ硣

ƬͷˮɾһƬɽƣѩϲڰߴ磬ЩΡʱѩ߸С˵Ĺ£ظ˵С˶ǿϲģʱĹ£ɫķΪϵ˿˵ӱʩħɵĺ졣
ѩ
ܱۣǲ׵һĻ罯ֱ׵ѵ⣬ĸ׺Ͱ䳰ȷ䣬ɩҫҺɣѩĺڼڶܡѩȥҼδţصش˶Ƹǿõӡȳ²üɵۣһѩС磬̵ľɫĺ޽ǡǡŵشͷ˴ɩӵӡܵĺŵףӰǳԶȥֻڳԻͷ˵һ䣺Сܸ磬ǰι
ѩһֻ˸ѧ˵˼˵һ仰ûǮ޹
룬һǴɩġɩʲôãǼǮۿ
ҪѩҪҵѩ񡣻ѩ񾭹Ȼˣڰѩ

ܱͷһãֱܿá
ѩȻڷ˷Ųϼ
һں󴰣統һͬ˵ô˵𣿡
ܵȵʲôȥǳȥһ˰ˣ˭뻹ӲˡѩҭҭĿš
ѩ񣬱ɵ£Ϊãȥͬ
Ҫͬ˽ʡ˰ɣ㻹ʲôѩš
룬µҪʹú̸һΡĴƱûܳɣЩعݷ⣬ϴܵøˣҲóȻжյ۴硣

󲽽õĴȥֵס
ضү
ܴ㵣ٿµˣһҧһɻָһĶ⣺Ϲ㹷ۣ
ܣܸ磬ƽϣǰĹءõĵӽãҪġԱ˹ڨЦ˵
ŻԼûǹվȥΪֵǣ֣Ǳ˶Сй߰ѣ˵үɡ

ܽ鷿ʱ¥ѦԣĺͶ˼֡
飬ϴһĹѦԡϴͳҫϣҲԭߵֶΡŭѦԣѦԶЦЦ˵ôôңϧǳĴϷԵһã㱥۸ˡСñǶҲӦòɣ۸ǳѽ˵չЦûȭݺѦһץסȭͷ˵ܣǿ´·ϵ𣿡
Ѧһ˵緿пͣķء
˦ֱ֣鷿δűߣүصģҲ˵ЩõҶһգ;ˡȻõĴǵĻҹǶ⸶

үǲǱ㣬ҲǱ⣬ô뵽õĴûã˾ʹأ˵죬벻λˡ
£ҲԹã˵˻ʧġ룬Ǳ߽ձ˿ϰ˭뵽ϰǴأǱսŸĵģԹõġ⣬ѽôһ˵Էˣ˵ضү⻰ûˣ˵ϵù𣿡
վ˺һᣬੲݵľߣ綼˵ˣôĵġɾ˵һ䣺֪ôãҾ͸ȰϵĻ֣ЩǮǿɿѹүͶǱȥ

ܵĽűһջˡ
һִֻͷûͷʦү
ʦүʾȥ¥µĿ
̲סʣôͷ˴˻ʲôʱ£
ʦүҡͷ˵ү˼ң鶼öүү˭֪˻ʹײ˴
ǾͰ⸶ǡ˵
ʦүؿһۣЦ˵שŶһڴϳ˵ĴȥѺҪһЪһĴأЪˡҲⲻ𡣡

Ƿִȥ𣿲ߵġܼöͷ¶ʵƽϸ񶽲Щ£Ƶ·
үû˼飬үĴ˽ңôബɱ̯öࡣýҵһЩѺˣͲ£¹Сڶˣͨ˾ӵˡ˭뵽أͷߣºȥҲû̳٣ŶǶ군ˣбȥεģˮһȥߵġ֮˻

ڵȻԣ˵ţȴȡ
ٻ
ǧ򡣡ʦү˵ҡͷŰ㣬ⲻǮүҪ෿
ֱ¥ϴɡ
ܲŴӭȥ硣
ˣ缸ղһͷ׵ͷǼһҹ׷ǲϵգȴǿЦһҭ
磬˵ˡ˵ѩ¾Ժ

ܸϻظϴöȹѹأϴǮ
ϴƾʲôҪأʲôǮͬϴ̸׮
ܿЦҪίԼȥϵҪϴǮáʵ֪ϴδػӦϾôһǮ硣ֻһҪúʹ磬Ҫ˵ϴֱʱʼԼǧҶֻܵڴˡ
 


40ǿ ... 
 
 
үү㣬ɻˣȥˣȷǰϲ֣˵ȥѰ㣬Լģҫүɳ·̺ȥѰˡ
Ҳȥȸˡ˵Щ˴С֣˲ˣΪܰɣͷɫҲЩ֣ϾԼ˵ǰġ
˵ܹ̫̫Сǻ½½Χ޵µЦһţ溰ٻˣٻˡ
ţϳڻͿ˴СӣˣˣȥˣôŻ
ʱĴıֻʹȴ뺰ֻʣү

Ȼڵ㡣̧ͷҫſ̨ϣЦ˵Ҿ˵үߵģһƫ޿ֵĲţֵüɹģѲˡ
룬Щģһʦ

¥ȥף뾡áֻһŵˡ
ѹѹһˣĿ
һŴʣһһغ˿ߵıޡǴδóҫ繷һĵǸҷ

ܵĿڿĴź洺ϣǸԵЩȻ촽˵һˡ
ϾЩ飬н˳ȥ
Ǹ֣ǽвڡ
ѹѹһӵˣϢֻǹİԳһ˫˫ֵ̿۾Щ˷ܡ

ϴָָʣɫüҴϳŭĿⶢ޲Ҫӡ
ԼġӾ˵ܻġҫǰȰţʾȥ飬ȴһ˦ҫϵ֣ѩ˿˵ңֵǮˣǮûطȥءƨǷ򣬵ֹţƫҪȥһһٲʵ
ܵĿݺݵģʹȥ̻㿴ƽڼ۸ңҵͷǷģ

ţ𱸵ͻֵ̿ò֪ξȶӣû뵽ӷ侮ʯ
һԵ̫̫һ˵ҰԲܲУһʵ졣϶ôȥѰܻݺݴ򣬲Ѹƨɴɰ˰֪꣬ʲô
ܻȻԭһδ챻ҫϵܻģ֪ǸٳȥѰҪͶѩģͱ粵˵ȥи£ү鷿п˾ûţʱĿ棬¥ʱǿ档

ҫȴԥ˵ӵĻϾǲţܾȥˣӿ¥ġ
⺢ӣĪ˵ҪţǳţҲøĸ˵һѽ˶żţ˵ȻᣬΪڡ
ùˡ˵ţҲɻǡ֣ݵѰҹСӣôӵĻҪˣﲻ֪ȥɲż

ܶ߶֡Ϊ˼´ѻòǰȲԴڼأĪǼˣ׺ʡ
пѱ磬ѰҹӰö˵Ҷܶһӣʹ򣬲֯ҡԺʣǲҽԸȥү̫̫֪ҳŵ£˵ǰһ˲ԡܼöͷ𣬰ٿĪԼί˹ӦԼһ˵·ǹꡣô
ĸЦ̫̫ɿż˵һ䣺Ѷүŵã˰ɡ

𣿡ҫƵ˵ͼϴһӷֺȵƱ磡һȣſã
ϴŭŭĿԵĴնԾԾԣʱ׼ܷȻЩˣ˴ֻ֣ǹѲ֪õǰС죬ǲô˫۾ǰۡ
ҫϾֱǵ˵Ҫʹӳ˶ܡǧѰܵܣôҫ᲻õġ
϶
١
ꡣ
̫ŵȰҫϿţɵӣ˼ҹ˽ܳȥܻȥˣôƾʲôӣɵѽ
ҫ˵õк˻
̫޵ɵӣǰЩ챻ԩװױȳԩί⻹ûãҪ𣿡

Թ۵޲ᣬҲٸнΪʲôҶҪԩΪʲô
ܱһ޵ҧ˵˽ԳŵңҲҵùҲϷ
˵һǰҴȥϣֱǴʶȥ

ҫŲϣȴߡ
ſϣҧͻľٶϴĿ࣬ô׾;ͷԹԵſȥܴϴЦ⣬Ըҫ˵϶ˣû򣬺ݺݵش򣬿Ӽҹ棬˽Գţţ𣡾ͲŹܲס

ҫɫԵΪѣ컰ǿȥʹϧĿ⣬һĭֻҡҫæȥӹתߣڵⲽ
Ĵչסֽţܲžš
һϮĸоĺëҪҫеıһѰܿԵĺϷ¶һνʵխѰǼⱧ£Ǹ۽̽롣
쵰ҪͶ֣ˣү㣡ܱŭȴΪʱﰵԽп࣬ԭ˳ҫСӵĹơ
һؽǺɫһһ䣬̨ĴĻ¶ϰ
˶ĿⶼŵǱ߮£ǱҺȻͣסƸһ档
ֻǱһģһ˫СϷŪ
ȻŭҪʹЩ
޲㵡
 


41ǧ ... 
 
 
֣ϴȵ
ǣҫＷһವһѸͳ£˾СУţϴ
ֻһĸоʹ类Ыһ΢΢鴤ֻܵľڵĺȲķҡ
һҧסȭͷЩʹĲҽʧһ·ǲǰѵӶϣ뿪ʹ۵õһֻĿֱѵӣⲻֻġҧʹɣܾóҫǹ˽𡣿ǣⶼǸ¡ʿĭϱˡ

ܣҪӢۣҪеˣ̰ɡҫϵȰ˵ٻ˱Ӵ£籩꣬һʮޣϴͣĺ򣬺ݺݴ򣡡
ҫϲͣӦţǣ
ÿһǣ棬͸һ֣۵ܵߣȴţôšﰵǺĹⲻɿһ˿Ҫˡ޳ҫϣСһǹ˽ˡ

һ󣬳ҫ֣ͣ̽ʸףʮˣءƤⶼ˼ˣ˶ܰɡ
ϴһ˵ϴͼ򡣡
ҫϳƬ̣¾ӣͣ˵ܼȥã϶³Ҳˣպ󲻸ˡ
ᵽãһѽ֮õǷծծ׷ơλʱȥ׹ûΪǾ仰ԩ˽Գȥˣ
ҧ˵ǣ˽ԳҵĲǡǴҲˣҲˣҪô
ѽǣϴ¶Ц˼ⲽߣүϴ
үܶϴˡܶ⺢ӴС׾ģһͷͷġţֱϲҭȴ¶Цݡ

ϴشܣʹǳҫֹȻˣһƬ¡ȴǺһһƽеģģģ̵ģڻʺ磬ҲЦʵҫģҴ򣬰߲˿ϣƽķ޴󰭵ġԳҫҲμ֣ҫϣҫĿٿܣǿ̧ͷ
ϴڰ֣ʾ⽫ܷ
ϸģ㡣ִޣϴα㺦ƽװԩķϣؾ飡ϴЦһ䣬ѵպӼҹ棬ȣһȥͥԺ﷣򣡹ķȥ

һĵ˿ֱƺǰݵһϷǹϯϷˡ
ܵĿӰʱǲʮ꣬İ棬ȻĮ
ʹ˵үлҪͬ㵥̸w~
Ǳ￩Ц˵Ȥǰүúá̸̸Ҳˣ̸ʲôٻطȥѰЩϺõҩϡ
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ϴбųҫϹȥӰҲۿԸһ䣺š
ҫסϴ˵øҿ
ҫϴŸ׵Ļ⣬ٱʰ·ϣŰ߰ߵİѪգѵǵˣԼϴΰĴԶҪҪصġ
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׾ҿ½ǿֲڵָͷһһսӺǺǵЦˣһ䣺ۡԸҪݺݴȴϧ̻㿴˿Ӵ϶Щɼ͵ˣô򣡡
Ҳͬƽϣͺ˵ȥԼӷҩɣܶء
ܱǰһĻعȻƻ¶ɫȴ֪ģҲ֪ǱƵġ

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42ɻ ... 
 
 
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ЩȻﻹǲ˵㲻裬Լȥ롣˭Ҷܣƴͷܵ߼޾ɫ
ͷ𣿡ϴţָܵıӣȻϵҶ֣Ҿٺÿ

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룬罯һܽձģô㺩ġ籾Ҳ̵õ˼ֵɣ˼Ҳ飬縸׿ĺá
Ǹѽأæ˵ˣһͷ͹ˡϴ˵
ܿҪ粵ϴЦ˵ûһԣ׷ӼסؼҵĶӣĲ˵ʵٺ˵˵հƾʹƨɣպٸ˽ӣΥԼڽġǸֳΣǸʵˣҷһǮׯȥҪȥ˼ˡ
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ȴҫſ޺ĿĿ̯һءӰ̽齱ߣҧűʸͷĲıţ˿û⵽˽
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Ҫϴֵôˣ⻵ë򲻸ģֲģôҧҫϻŵ͵ۿ࣬ЦЦ˵æŰĶãҲýܡ

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ϴͣסʣûҩ𣿡
ҫΥĵ˵ۡ
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ҫϳƬ̣ӵһ۸ͷ˵֪ģֻ˭ܵô죬ôˡ˵ôеġ
ϴݺͷı˵ͿóҪֶԵ޻˵ľͷ֪ˡǵĶӣǼģ𣿶ӱӴ򣬲ˡ

ҫһЦŤתӣȴһӴ׹ء
ϴȥʰȻ䣬ĿӴǻϵͼƬȴ紥һһɣ׹أóҫʣôˣ
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ҫϷʵĿʰǻ
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ľɻҪϲȥ˵еķ糾С𣬴Ķϴ󽫾̣˵߳һʱء嵹鸴ٵƣйԼȴʵҫ˵Ȼ²ؼһָơϴ۾ȴֱǻϣĿ⽥šһ죬Ȼҫϡ
ҫ΢ĿڣãȻӣСʣ
ϴŻ˵ҪӢһ治ס̾ȥŸԶȥıӰҫϷЦ



43īǳ ... 
 
 

ڶ̲ԵĽϣɫĽˮģ۵⡣¥꣬۴αȡ
պ۾̨Ŀҫͬٽſȡ
ҫΣſ裬ڿһ㵭ĭϡ
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ҫ͵ֱ̧ۣܿĶӰ㣬ҽ⳰ŽһЦ˵Ц֣ſڵģʲôѹ
ӷһǽȣǶӯͷЦЦ˵ͬѧҾͲתĨˣиæ

˵ɣֻҪġҫ˵
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ҫϴһǣһĨЦ˵뺬Ҷз֮ûȤ
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ӽĪЦò˵ֱ˵˰ɡҵСӣ˼ʽ磬ǵСڼһʴתʱ䲻࣬һ£һˣзһ£óٷ֮Ϣɣ

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ǧ򡣡˵һ£;׬򣬻ɣ
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УĹϣһҪءҫϽ˿ȱֱ¶ɫ硣
һẦ𣿴£֪֪һº˿ֱӽ˻Darcy
ҫãȻĿŽ棬˵롣
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ӴְȡһֽƬ˵벻¸ôã˶С̵Ĵ˳ԣԶǧҪǵĴˡ
ҫ˵ǣҵһλʦΪ򽫾˵ԼйԣСͳ
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ҫڸ׵鷿鷿ڻзʦүܡ
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ҫϣ㵱ңҵңϴƬ̳ԵʦүһսҪԲҫϺԥСǹ˾㵵ĿֻǹһתתԼĵϾɱҫϰɡպ̯ӳ״ҲԴ·һʱ׺βھʹҫϣ
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ҫϵȻףƽľ룬ҫϵĻû˿ֻǣЩǽǮܶá

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ҫ˼Ƭ̣һĨЦڴǣݼŵףͬܽܰе񡣡

˼ƬֵףǱʿӣѾʼﻮӾȥͬծǢ̸£ȡļ۸񡣡
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ҫϵĹ㣬ڵȵһ졣
̸ͬƤ͵ҴӦ˰ϧϧСȥԹƷӱܡ
һѩ׵װɫ߱ߣɫñӢðͷ̨ϣسʻ̨ͣ¡СǰΪţͷȥܼ¥٣ү룬¥鷿

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⣬ʮˡҫϱŽȥȻ¸صļλ
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ҫȻڳķݣֻһԣЩ졣СҲ߯ûˣãҲ˰ɣ

ҫ룬ˣûйأԼ϶ĸˡΪʱѾ˵ҶˣҲռ̫ʱ䣬Ҿͼ仰˵ˣҸȥæȥˣģɢȥģǶ֪ѰȮӡϴأˣպٵ϶Ǹ޸֮ģСӣܶҲʶˡֶǸڽ϶ǰЩʱѾȥվѧϰҫ߹϶Ҳһˡ⺢ӣԴʵڣϲϹͷҵպǺǵġ
˵۾ɨ˳ҫһۣҫһ漴һЦ⡰ǡģҫϵķأ

ϴԼ˵ԣҪλΪҺúõķֲһܣǵĶֶӽأһڶһ̯£ңǰҫϵĴͷѾָ룬⣬ҫµ߽ʮĵ̶ĳٽƽͷܻӵ¥Τμ⣬ӽ𶼻¡
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еЦţºͿݵģµģƺǶ޵Ķһ˵ҫϣáҫΨһȹīˮģˣֵĶ׼׬ǮڣУϺô£Σ͸ҫȥˡʲôҪλæԮֵģҶ϶ĳҪҵıְ
ˣҫֻʣЦǵãõɨسǰ˱ܿձȨģʱ龰ĿǳҫϣĴǣܸīǳˡ  


44Ȩ֮1 
 

ҫ϶סŭȣЦ˵λ岮ҵĻ˵Ѿˡ֪˵ǰҫϡǷѣҵңֻöȽӹЩҵҲҶҶܡ٣ȴǽе˲š壬Т㩡أͬܽһ⣬ǴӽЩӵܣҪ֧ҳҫһȥֵ֧ܡ
ϴƵƵͷȵҫϣȻһ֪
ҫЦο˵ܣԵģУ

ܽӹܳõжҪࡣ
ùȥٶǳҫϣҫϴȥѧҵӦȫԸµֵܶǳҫϵĸΨҫ֮Ǵӡ
ܳڳʱǰֵܿĿⶼ߹̸ЦӶǼҫ϶ʺһϸ磡ֳݺ𾴣Ƿĵġ
һֱ룬ϴΪʲôҪҫеȨƽСҫҲϴӣСƯΪʲôҪֳҫϵأѵֻΪؼҵĹѪҫûѪף

ҫгһ嵥дĳĳʱͬĲֵҵһ߸ӵռǲΪǺᷭҳܲϰߡ
ҫ˼ϸóӴøߣһʱһ׮׮¼ȫǰűеĿͰض⣬鿼Ƿסĸһӣ統ͿĺáԺţҲؼǱʼǡγҫϺȻͷܻԣҫϵĿҲͣЩʱȻȥ

˵ĻҫϲûΪҵҵؽܶͷͳ경ʱܺȻóҫϲĻʵǸ˵£ѧʶʶˡҫþʵǦʣǱ߿Ķűм˵㻹ͦģȰǿϰٱҲʡˡ㿴ЩϵĶɶסˣǼסˣǩְָӡҸүӽȥ
ͷҫЦûʲôңǹ¹졣ҶǩֻѺˣ¾ͽˣպҲ᲻㣬¶ʱʡֻǣҲòһ֣һպ˶ү˵˺ûӸʲôүҪҵƤҲһҲүһһԺġ

ǻģߣȻóҫϺܿӸҫʲôǰϵϾģޣôܿ϶
ֻǳҫµ˵ҶүӾͶҽճؼҵĶиܵӹܵġ
ܵļͷ˵Сӣúøɣ

ܽӹͷҫټֵýʽƳ
ҫ˵ӽͷɶүӹܣϣ֧ҳҫһ޶ֶ֧үܡ֪ĽҫճƹͷȨ֮ơүˣҫжȥЩϵĵӡҶǺӣȥͷÿõģҲҵÿ֮һĽպڶүĴ£ܻԻֵͣҲܸ˶үġ
ҫһеĻȻʣȴһЦ˵ҫʮ꣬ڶߵͷˣҫϴӺһݲ¾ͷΪүͷ׵Ĳһ̯λе࣬ҫϵĸִүɽҵĿүģҶ

٣--𣬲ƽ꣬̾㵡
ǱĿһγ޿ɳƵϡ
ܱҫƵеĽϣ޿ƴǵҪ仰
Ȼ䣬ԵľګſڣֱʵȾﷴЩƽݶ˵ܣǰҽҶܣùġλкܶ˼ңǶ˵ҡлϸֻÿڣҲлֵǶϵŬܲڴүƹͷʲô飬ҲΪʲôѪסҪϸĲŻâ䣬еܴ󣬷˿԰ѳ֣үŲѽߡ⼸գϸͬܽӣͷ޾ϸܽʱҲмǲסܵģǾԡڽߣ֪ܵĶãˣϲ˵ֱֱȥֵǾҲΪλֵܳЩ

һһϮĶŵĳҫߣĸСһ㡣
ܽǵɫںȴۣҲںˣֻǰһ
죬ҫϾҪȥǱߵҲͲϣҫͣλֵܿ¥飡ƹܹ
ҫϺЦڵ⣬ȴǴݵĺһһȥ
Χһ٣ϸ硱ĺϣᡣ

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ͷʱĮܣεһЦ˵Щˣڣ񶨽зʢС
ܣҲոְɣֵǺʶһ¡ҲΪҵơҫ˵
ܿǾĿųҫϣƺֻһˡҫĻҲЩǿܾЦ˵˵Ŵ⣬ҪһؼҳԷ
ҫļͷҲãҲã֪Щ˻ֳʲôأûûСĹˡЩСҳģ͡Ľиû꣬輸־Ǻֶŵ˼ղõġ

ܻصϴʮֲ죺϶˵§Ϊͱ𣿡
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ͷժñҪȥ¡
϶ȥϴ󲻸׷ʡܲòͣЩˣЩҲϲˡ
˴ЩɬڿڿЦ˵ߵѽѽѽûġ
ϴչ¶Ц⣬˵ЩˣǶǺȾƺ֣ܻġ

Ǳߡʡ
Ѿҫȥˣ˵λǮˣı߾ͣǸʲôѦ
Ѧ硣æӵ
ԣѦԣҪȥÿڡǸѧʵˣᣬÿá
Ȼƽͬˮݣôۼһ㣬ʱҲ׵ˡ

ֱҲҫϹ
¥ιֹ˵⼸ææģҪ˯ˡ
ҫϹʱǰ뱳ؼҡ
ڰ뱳Ͻţûɣû飡һǣֵǣǡ
Щ·𿴵СʱԼƤһٴȥϲؼң޿ľ֣ԸԼǡ
׳ҡͷƷƷȳⲽءȥñӳ

СȴҴҫطѾơ
ϴŭųҫϱ˻ԶȥֿӰɺܣѣĴͷϸþЩҲЩ֣ǾġĳĶ᲻໨Щȥͷ̯ȣҵڵλ岮ǰҪЩ
 


45Ȩ֮2
 
 
ȥͷʱѾû˳ҫϸ档
ȻҲкȴƤЦⲻЦǿܾЩȴֻԼġ
ͷãͨ죬˱îƻԻ͡еĽΣͷһȻĽʱһ罯ʱ棬̶̼꣬ԼȻλϡӺҵ룬˿̾ЩԵ㡣

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䣬һǩ͹Ķ̴ĵĺķ˵ȼ򣬹ˣһۣʱˡǺǣǺǡɫܣֿĿɿڴ򰵰ЦֵǣȻסЦʣңҳٵ𣿡
˺ôЦ
ֵܽӻ˵ҶֹǹǱСȥ˻ɣ
Ǵ׵Ķгʵƺûнܷ

ܲ㳲ŭƽ˵˵õĲͬǽһָĴɣ쵱үĹúãҷɭϣͬģܻʶһİνء
ѻȸ
ȻҶҲǳէδܵĲǡ!ܷԸһ̽ǰ
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йڣֻڵʱ򡭡Ͻӻ˵
˵ڵʱΣڴˣҪҵĹذ£󻰣˵ǰ档ܲǲˣǲҪҲǰĪã˵˵ͷ⡭

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ƾ˭Ӱ棬۹ߵͣһ۴һ⣡ϵĸǶܡ
ϴ죬ЦСӣһҫϸˡɻͷԵСӣʮ꣬ζùҫϣ٣Եͳˣ𣬵ͷպԶԼվ
ϴۣҫϵԼУʡҦԪϡɴۡ۵ٴĿýĸֻèһԹըըëⲽ뿪

ҦΣϣ촩˯õîӰ棬һСʱȡ裡Ĺؾõİ涼ɭϡܵĲ
ϴһСӣҦʰ
ҫƽѽǲ֪£ֻҪ׽󣬾ǺèƾߣֻҪƯҲƽϷȽڣ
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ӣܼ¥ŷʣүˣ
ϴԸȥҫϽ
ҫϽţʣˣǲҫϺͶ鷿̸󣬳ˣ
ϴ۴ʣǻСӰҦ
ҫϴֲ㣬һתӦǣҦƽղ˵ˣǺȶ˻˵˵ҲЩǶîîģ͸ðǹ˿Ӵ˶ʮӡҽڰǱ߿أ;ͱõĵǺء

ȥͷϴ󲻶ɫʡ
ûУҫϿ϶ش𣬡ӼȻͲȥǱߵ¡
ϴصͷҫϣһɫװԵŸ߹󡣲ʣҦǱߣȥ̽ˣ
ҫϺɵ˵
ӶĿԣϴ㣬ȥˣðȥ̽˰ɡ
ǣҫӦ

ҫȥܱʱϴʣôСҦ
ҫϸ״ܷ޷޵Ȼͷܣ벻Ҫˡзִ磬òףջء
ܵĻģϴಡֱָСǺ˵𣿻вˣʶԿ𣿡
ʿֹƢԿ
ĹزˣϿֵġܲ
ȥƿϽѣһֻռѹĵģȥҦȥ̽ϴԸɨһһ޵˵ܹ粻󶼶ӢۡǴ󽫾ǰԵȥͬ޺ãѽ˧ģҪϼòܷˡ壬˵
ܵͷϴŵȥɣ¥ȥҴϾȥ
ܳɣ첻
µʲôȥЦһˣ⣡ϴֶӲԼʡġȴɬؽ

񾡹أٱżţϢֶߡֵܾǿ۹·Ы·޵Ļأ֪ҪζԸÿһˡޱȵԩ޹ģĪⳡ֮֡

³õӣܶǰѽϣٵ΢̧򢣬߸ɨԽϵĶֵǣǲ飬ŲЦ
Ȼ˵λֵܣܽӹͷ⣬ϸأϸ磬ȹīˮʿǸˣڽ֪ĹأǸ塯֡ûʲôأҵĹǣнֹΰֵ°¾ǡ򵥵úܣõĽثķܳǰǰƽȣҪҸʲôû
˵ţ⵽Ųмݡ

⼸գǵĻһЩ©ס¸СġȥѲͷֵܳ©˻ڱ˷ֲֵŭ˶˶ʮˮطǺκܶģֻ˵ظֵǿ
ڷƽ˾ˣܰң˵˳ӹܳõϴҲĻϲСͬǳֻǳҫģ޾ɣϴȴµΪ˵϶Ӳ𣿡
ҫһæͶӸˡ

գ;սš
˵٣ȥˡһƱִõĴǲ鵽ҪϳͣҪ򡮵Ѽӡ
ܾٿȻ򡰵ѼӡǶ̷֮һҫ۵üǳͷЩ̰۰ľ޿Ҳ壬Ƿ˴ĵӣ˵һֻպˮƤʹʹ֣̬ٳ֪ʲôⳡֻ֮֡û뵽ǧİȻֳ⡣밢ȾƣСظҪ׷汣



46Ȩ֮3
 
 
ִõ˶ֱӹػ᳤ţһһɫ̴ҡȰ˵ģˢˢϣֻ΢һ٣
һ̧ͷͿѾ˴İͣŹڷ˻͸һƾյͽ衣
ԱߺˮͰˮʱȥשϣһƤɫ˵
дպˮıڰŪһЦŭ

ѽѽ̫Цˡ
Ϊ˸ӾΪΪˣ֪Ĺء
СãϸƤ⻹ء
˫糺죬Ŵ޺ɱҰɣɱң
ܼǵǰϳ͹һ͵жƻʻǮµĵӣǸߵ˲ĿãֻǱĵӱߵҧԾˡǺã
ܣܸ磬ԩԩѽûУûСڴݣÿ޺罫ǰȡܺȻҫձʱľ˻ߵĿ汻˺ʱŤݣʹĺ񣬲Ҿ֣ȴ۰׳ֵܣʹķεһ侳ĸ

ִõǰĳ˵٣᳤ĹأԶƽֵȣҪҪһͬʡհ˰棬棬͸ΪǶߵ˹Ϣݣٵ
ܼԼʣǻʾ棿ʱ䣬Ū
ֻǰͶһ̣Ȳ֪أĿϷˣ׽ŪؿˣϷ

ǽȥͷѲӣǡָϰǩĵʮԭêʵֻʮ䣬ϣڽƱ磡
˵ߵЩ̨СϷ̻ᣬ˭ɵ
һ仰ŭաȻŰֻǰӳѪͿߣϻӻ֣Ӷ׼㵵Ŀһų⿫͵İܼ̣Щֻ
ܺһƽֹм仰Ҳ˵ԩˡ
ϲмغһŭһǸﲻɳӵˣ˵

ͷĻ㵱ࣿʡ
ҧ˵һ䣺ǣ
ϲӻ´˽̣ʡ
´ģ˵ȥϱע˵ġΪŷֵëԵϵȻʮ䣬˭ϸɴš
Ŷ˭¸찢ʦ磿ʡ
ԱһСӵǰȭ˵٣ңзǰѧ·ˣ˰أǩ˾״ˣʦˡз˵õ⣬ƺͬ޹ˡ
ƽǰֲдΣδ
Ҫ֧ᣬѺУȴ䡣
֪
Ӳ֪û˽ߵֵܣ˵ֱȥϾͿԡµʱ

ЦˣǸ֧еСֵܣ˵˼֧УȻҲô˵ðֱӰѻ˵ϣ
˽ŵзûǵϰֻ˵ȥһߺᡣ
˵ãҪ𣿻Ͱһȥ
ҡҼǲˡ
壡թˣȻһǲͷ𣿰ڻ½ӹһµֵָܱͬʦִ졣Ƿͷʦ̵ֽģзǵµģҲǰ壬֪æЩʲô

ã
Ҳ⼸æġ˴
ܺһ䣺ٰ˰ˡȻǳǱϾǴӷҪʮȡ
̻ŵз޵ͷģϣ٣һɣҪ򡮵Ѽӡˣ˱ѽ
飺ǾٴʮӰɡ
Ϻһ˵ֵͬܣӱȻ飬ʹʮޣҪʹ򣬺ݺݴ򣡵
һƬǺԭֻ˶ɫ£Ŀɿڴϵ˵߻ײų̬ٳʹ޵ʺ
룬͵ʴס
ʹޣ޵ؼ·ڳƵƵᡣ
鶼ȥˣޡȡЦ
ܸ磬֪ҫΪʲôô㣬һġһΣܸ֪Ǹܵζˣǡ 
˺ˣͷԽѼѹЦ˺ȴ˵Ѽѽ

ĵ½ȥ֮ǰȥҳҫϴС
ңЩҲ̸ϻ磬мλҲѰЩӰ»һƬ᧿ΣҲҵࡣ
ϴѰλȾƣ˽˵Ǹӣ̫٣̫٣ðۡ
Ҫλϴ˵
ЩľͷЩеġ˵ϴȥв
ɬʱգǿеġֻǰ
֪١
ϴ󳤳˵ҫá
λʦүʢĥЩʱջõġ
Ͳ֪ûôʱȥѽܸɵֵܶЩƢԵģܲǷ˦־Ͳˡ
ô˵أʦүֹ

¶ۣ˵λ̫ӵﲻãǳ¶ҪҸƽ׵غԩݺǸͷ׳׳׳˵
˵ܶôҵһСôûأʦүۺֹ
ٺٹЦƲƲ˵򣬲ǰ׽Ӱͷ٣øӣ˶ԩûӰΪ仰򡮵Ѽӡˡ´飬ߵģº󻹲ƨû¶һ
ǳҫ˵ģϴͷһʡ
ƫģĶƫȥˣԼɡ϶ɵѽôû£Ĵȥȥ˾ͽұӹ¥ϰǹ˴򡮵Ѽӡˡɤӽ˵Ťǵ˿Цá
ϴڰü˵¶ˣвǵĵط
ˣ磬˰ɡͱ軭ˣˡأͿڴϾȥ̣ȥֵأҲȥȰ˵š

ϴظ̾δйƣ
¥ȥĸ밲̫̫̫ʦ͸ͷЦúϲ£죬ҫϴеܺſڿ˸߲ҽš
ƽڼܳŮ˷ܵļţóóܹܴѽ
ҫ޹̯˵ˣСѾͷҲѧ˵ԩˡ˵Źָݺݹõıӣһţֱеܿϴӵغ
ҫϲŷЦδɢع

϶ѽϴûʣҫϻش𣺡ŶǶֵܴÿ죬ûʲôµӣҾڼ˵˵
̫̫ҫϵͷ˵϶ڼңѽ


47֮
 
 
ֻС̶أϴѰ桢ܣ̫̫˵ѧȥˣǸСģõӰ
Ŷȥ˰ɣҿͷءҫϴ
ǱߣաϴԸҫϾ㵵ܸϤЩɡǱߣزġ
ϴĿɨҫӦǣ

ڳҫһ̤롰ĳá
ſغĵһɫѩ׵ڣ䡣
ֻǿýīɫ˻ҳ˴ԵöȻ޹⡣
ҫϴãծ»ʲ
УүҪȥ⣬үϼŻүѦҪ¡
ҫϽ촩һϮɫͷ͹ԺԵһ˫ҲԵ÷ϳɡ
ЦݣֵǴӵһѽϴλڣüĿһԣһ㡣

ձ֪࣬ʲծ̯ӡүӴȱǮשߡҾͷʰо֣ͬһ¡ҫ˵ۼüλɫ䣬ڣҫһֹסĻ˵ҫϽĿ죬ϣˡҪϵ֣ҳҫϾϷһϲƾĿٸӣЩè壬Ҳס
һȣ̬ȼΪĿɨ˵աүѦԷ޷޵İ𣬴ҫϣ㲻Ҫ̫
ĴհıھǰһҫϺֹȴȻʣҫϣҪʲôүʰãû¡

ҫϲЦҲ£Ȼù£أϲáĿڹˡǰ̰ƵˣΪȻţҪĹش¡Ū˽Ǯģδأ
˴󾪣ҫȥϵ˲
ү澪֣֤ɽʼδ꾡ʾȻûӹҫϵۡ

صعݣҫ϶ں԰ͥһʯϱϥͷ֦һҶ񳲣ȸȥߴߴ
ͷǵ˰̣ǹİ̺һϣ˭˵˿ϲۼǵ˺Ϊʲôʧ
ʦүҡȹȰҫϣҲ̫档ãҿҪȥġүӻǮٿĵһ߰ˡǱߣүҲ˶ٲöˡ
ҫֻЦЦʵѲعݺҲںЩηˡ

ϴͷ¶Թصɷġ
ĳɽһһԹ⡣ֻ糱̫ЩΪԼϺڵʼᶨԼģʹʹҪϣͦܡ

϶Ǳߵ⣬ˣ
һжڲ죬ֻҪǸͷЭԴӦϵĻͣͷװжҪĵġǩһܡ
ϴţĿ񣬲
ҫֹסŽǰ´ڸϣֻúܽϸעǰλʮĸס谮𷣣֣ʹ࣬ʱǰתȥߵţֹסϴһ϶
ҫתӦɻзԸ

ඣ˯ǱߵϢϴȣҫæչȥϥǰΪϴȣӦ˵ҲûʲôϢ˵ڱƽأ˿ԲˣòǺͶһɡ
ҫϵͷΪ״ȡ
Сӣᵽͻϲ֪Сϡ
ҫܻˣܵҲҵպҲܴҵ˵鱾ѧģԶĹãðؼɡ
ôǺ޵ӹѧɻϴҫЦЦҡǸҽοȴëбµģȥƽһ⣬ܲܰѲˡ
ϴȻ۴ҡӲ
ҫ˵ҲѰ˼űܿһӣߵֵǲңģҲ͸ܸˡǱ߽ǡϹġƤȥһ⡣
ϴ̾һ

ҫ䣬Ц⶯˵غ
ҫϣԼĶӣʮ꣬񶼸һͷˡ
ӰźˣȥǰסԸ𣿡
ϴͷÿЦݣȻ˵ǵĲ£Ѻȥһ⡣
ҫʧɫݼţ֨ӣܸս֣벻ɣߣǱߵĻ
ⲺͷҲãûȥݹɽͷϴ˵ҫӦǣϸ⸸׵˼
ҰСӣȥܱܷͷҲáϴ̾ϢַԸ˵ߺȥֽ󶼻ھϯǣ˵˵
ŵСաҫšϴͷ

ȥ򹤵İ˵Щȥ𽺵ɹۡϴ󲻹ѰܱܷͷеĸгҫŰ룬ҲͲʮġ
ϲʱͽ룬׼˵˽ܵ飬ḻЩزһȥȥЩӡԡ
û壬ԾʣʲôѼӡⶫģ
΢漴ǡӡǳ˿ѶٺС㶼ϲġ
ץʱмΪĸ˰̴ľᣬΪѩ˸µĴǶСױΪ˰̣ûǸЩ˶Ҫش밶ܺȻЩʲô鲻ǰʣɻҪЩʲôҰϴȥȥ
תصмäĿĴת֪ЩʲôǸһʲôȱؼңҪͰزġǰ棬ӭͷѰԼźıԹᣬȴǰȥ
תĿյһͷֶɦ֣Ȥβ̳һЦͼΡ־£ãҲáֿһµ̺У£Ҵ˴

нϣһ⡣ǵؽ磬ݳʱ緹ʱ̲סԸ¹һþƣҪһţ⣬һˮͬ볩
뽡̸ڵľǳҫЩ¡ʲôүĿ̹̣ܽٵĹɶ̣̫̫Т˳·ֻչ͵ĳӥ

뿪ͷʱܾЩƣ룬ȥ˯Ȱķ˯á
̫˵˴ա
ͷ˯Լķ£һͺá
ΰʱԼЩȥ򹤵Уö˶ΪʲôȥУ
Ҳ룬˯˯ѽѽĳϷϵš

ܾһͺȣտڣԡ
˭˰Ե
Ȼѣ񣬹ȻһǹѺ͹ĵطƴ˯齰´
һ˵ɸôǺã
һ˵ɣ˭ǲͶ̥أ
һ˵ܰɣӱ̣˻Ѱ·
ǲͶɣιȥܱӺá
룬Ҳ˵ļѣЩ˼ȻԸȥΪʲôǮȥѰϵ̻ᵣǳȥأ
ڽţȥԺôãδزʲô¡Щү̫̫ȾƳ𣿡



48֮2
 
 
һЦˡ໡һҽУȻһơ㵱ǳ
Ҳֹ֪˵ЩʲôǸ˵ʼ˵˵˵ȥȥ˵¼ҾͲ£ҲɣңԼ˲ա
һȥ˵ţ㣿㵱ǳ԰׷ģǵȻ㣬ֻĿȿϣֻèӽȥȻƴֻèèץѽѽ㲻

һĬиǶԸҤж
ţ㲻أǴǰ걻ȥСˣ׿˵ģǷ½硣ɵǷܵģû
γѰ㣬ǰɣǰɣҵ˵ȥ򹤣û˵¶
䵱ȥ蹤ġ
ֹ󣬻ָţܷѰƿ壬ȻһţֻšֵͲȥȻѹѹһȺ档
ܾˣһʲôˣ

˴һŲ죬ǹʵĳһˣΪ׵ǰ룬˵ã˭ܾͻǹɨ
ת˵үϰү԰ŵģүز֡

뵽֡ɥ˵ҹܶˣ
Ը˽ǰڸϣ˩סŶ˵үү԰ŵġէĲã϶ϺõĻɫȥ򾩵ġЩǵĺӶǾϸѡ˴Ǯģȥȥģ͸ЩҪԱĴ񡣶ү㲻ڣͲҪʡʧүҪǹȵģҲҪǣ

ô󾪣ʣֻ֪ڹ
ЩΣ˵ĻүԸ߶ٵġ
ܲݷ˵򿪲տڣԸЩ˴ǻŵð뾡
үĪ˵ҲȰ㣬ҪǴģүײϵġүѧ٣ȥԶ١Ѽӡ𣿡
Ͼ޷ֹܡ

üĿ˼̳ȻǾɫ̲꣬ס࿴ۡ
ү࣬ȥֵطͶˡүǡһΪ׹ؿͷһȺ˶׷׹¡
ܷȥĿ毺õ꣬һ縵ۣñȴ簢涼ҪܾЩУġ
һ˷Ǹȥɡ˵ԥϲ׬ĵǮ
үүɲ㣬ʹˣȥνǺٵġ뼱öţն˵ĵ̣ܴʮʹʲôǮʲô׵ġ£ҪκΪҶףԿҡүǱߣȥ

ΣĬƬ̣һֵ̧֣Ƿǹɢȥ
һʻȥߣͬܽ棬ڲүֱ̫ȲģСүûүδõļҷǺġүүģүҪǧٿֵиүôϹȨЩСӣǻ£һΣ
ܵһۣĽˮ̾Ϣ˵һ䣺벻ǲ֮ˣһ·չ˶үү¾ǰ£ȰסүܣǵɽҲǰҵģˡ

ͷƣܴ򷢰л︴ԼȲرȥѰ罯κѩӡ
ܲǸӴЩصزѩһϲȥİֻСèӣͷҪȥһ㣬ޱ⡣
Ҳ֪ѩǷΪЩȥȰ罯θıţעõʱ򣬽ƸǮ˻˻顣Ѳգѩ񼴱޹ȥҲҪ
ר¥µȣ³ʱ벻סѣܸ磬ҪЩ
ʵڿܣǳصĻ£ȻµĻؼȥү취ѡ

øĻңԶµ˵ү
أʡ
үǲ֪岻ãɩӺѩϼˡ
￩һ׷ʣʲôʱ£
һˣǰ˵Ҵ߻顣鲻ãǮҪӡѸѩļױˡ
ܲţƽսˡ
ƽĻи꣬ãôˡӵĻû˵꣬ͱ˽ߡ
Ѿߴ٣ߣһȰȻȥٹԵģ£һʱġ

Ȼ뿪ſǻš
ſ߸Ĵүº͵Цʣүһ߸ѽ
ͣǰŻ¯ðŰɫ߸⣬˱ǡȻһ߸²ĸϻؼңСгݣСһһǰģСһģ᲻óԣøԡȴ˵ʹˣճ͸ԡʱ룬ȻﲻϲԣͲˡ˭żʣܶѽ߸⣬ɻģ㼸öǮȥ簮Եġ

 


49
 
 
һΣ俴ڳ͵͵Թµİ߸έҶͷһᣬᶼ¡ʱΨһԸǮǮ߸Ը

үһиԡͷӹǮ˵һ飬гɾ͸С
ܿСȥһ߸⣬˵Ұɡ
˸˵˵ү˿ڶˡ
ֻ룬һſڣԲԣӦ

ԵĶڹ߻谵Ũ˲ӣϲŸϴƴĳŴִѩѣһ֧һ֧ʱؿԡǷͷĹͷͷ̣ʱؿбɨգ̽յ͵ܲɲͷĿ⣬ȴԶȥ
ϴ̾һẓ̌Ҳ˵
ܾһԣĬȻȰȥͷܲϣΪõүҶܣװڹ߲ɡ

ϴɨһԶĶӣ糾ͣһɫ˹еװ䣬ֻǱֱ廹ݡüֻܴһ˿ɫţԶûҫϵĿȴö˼صĳȡ
һĵʹǳ鴤ȻʣĹأҲõĹء˽˻Ҫüҷõģ
·ǰ̵ĶӣԼȴ֪ͷǡɱ֣׵Գڡ

ܺӣӦ˵ס
㣬ףϴ󾪲̧̻Ŀʣ˵ùδã
˽̻߶ϱۣȶʮ۸졣Ҳ˽ţϴֹǻȥˣ
ңҸɢˡȱѽ캦ġ
ôһʻͲ£ϴ׷ʡףҫϳʱǱ¡
£ܴܲ£Ͼ첲ǳԼϣǲܻȱĹ⡣õĴʱЩľһ·϶û˽ţֵµݣŵɫ͸Ǿôֻڼ׵һ̣Ȼ࣬һжˣҪס
ϴʹĵ˵ԭ¶Ӱ;ܣˮһա˵һҹδߡΪʱʦүƼһ䡰ǶηӵҲǺˡСӾȻˣϲ뱧ڻȴѹס˷ܣֻµĺ£ϵҪ˵ֻξȶӣҲϰûšҫϵĴǻСӣ֪ɵǴͷ

㣬֪Ҫϸ첲Ǯ˼ңϴòڣСӣΪ˲ɵļֻöүҪϵԼһֻ첲зϣ㣬ûУǸ첲ģֹģģҵģ
һڷӻأ͵׽ɫͷͷ˵ĸԸ

ϴһҭסȿȵǺ˼̡ɴ۾һµƨͷɰͺ裬ָ˸ڵãò˵
ܻĵͷתţȴͣסûͷ򾲵˵һһ˵ҪΪѡҼȻˣܵ

ֻǳŵ˲䣬չ۵ǵյĹãܵȳص
õòãõڸ¥ϣ·죬ĸоȴǸҫ
ù죬ˡĲŲϵһɫڳʮִˮ뻮һĲʿжӰȥᣬλͷֶҲѶ
ܹϣȻ̧ͷǡ屡족ĺڵ׽Ҷ¿յĻƤΣצϻڵ쬽죬úģ͹һֱһλ

ǽһԣܼ׵ѩһⲽ˼ȦϨ̣˹֣ʹֵǰݹүùٴˮڵϡŻŻŻŻĽֱϨһƬž

ܣϴ󺰵
ڣܴȴٸֱӸ׵Ŀ⡣
֪
ǣܴ
һ
ڣ
ùδãϴʡ
󻤷ǰһȭ߶ϱۣʮˮأ۴
ţʧ̻ֵʮ۴ϴʡ
Ա߷ӻĻҲȻϱۣҪʧϣŲù²УҪԴɣ
һ仰˽ԾϴʼδñɫϷΪһ֮ء
һȻԡ
һ벻ѵʮ˵ҪҪԴ
۷׷ףԴ

Ƕӷ£ҲҪһͬʡϴҶѺζĵʮ󣬱һٰ£󻤷˵˽̣Ǹȣ
ԭѰģϴϳǷɺԬŭʹǶǳԺζģǡ
ӲЩ˵ڹƴؼʱݺҧԼϴܻ

ǾҪض˽Ż˽أ⹴᣿󻤷תʡ
˽޾ɣֻ·ƽ塣Ҵҵ󣬻⣬Ц˵ֲҷߵģҲΪ軭δã˶ᣡ
ϴ˵ΪѣҸˡﻹ˽֪ࣿЩҶȥ
˽̾ࡣ

󻤷ִ롢ӣѯʵʱΣŵ˵ҲãϸǰǧҪöү˭뵽;ûӹүۡҲְ׾ûס͸ˡʮǮѽҪͶ簢ĸ첲ȶɣүǧѰصĶӣܾô첲ѽͶ簢ĸ첲ɣ

ܳݣԥĽºɫĳװɫľʽ͡ţʵļ⣬ɫļ£ļ⼹׵һۣɫĺϵڿϣʵСһ㽡׳ϴＷһ䣺̣


50.
 
 
ߵִԭأеϴٴκʱǰ˷ּͷ£סܵ˫̧ۣһԲ˶壬һпѩĴͷͰϣľĵס
ִӰסܸſȥϣһ첲ͷһ׹һʹԼҪʹʧһۣԴ˲ȱȫֻĸԸѡ񣬿ǾΪʲô·һûͷͱһۡ
̧ۿף׵ռ鴤ۿڵսţס

ѽ磬òѰصĶӣܾô˲ˣҪͶҵĸ첲ǰȰ
ү˼飬ôöٶԣǲҪ첲ѽͨͨͨͷ󣬹µԽԽ࣬ϴתͷʹϧĿˣֿܣҧ˵ΪذʵĶӣ͸ܹҪϳͣպԷڣ
磬硱
үԡ
һңذʴȣס죡˭飬ȴʮˮ

һǰ򶨵˵үΪǻ᳤Ǵ磬ǶֶӣͬԼĶһȻ˽ֹ˽Ҫϳͣ
бӷߺ޵ĿͶִΣ縫ͷɽͣ˵ù棬ûд̰ƣֲɫ˽ﲻϳ͡ϱǲصģ֪Ĺء

ϸģףءϴ󷴲νȥͷԣأǰϵġ˶죬ҲӦǴĶӣҪ̹أ顣պ˭ȥ

λͷͷǵ׷׵ͷǣͷӶۡ
ԣܷ˻÷ôȴڶϱۡӦõģҿʮӣѾǴسͷˡ
ϴ󻤷ͬĻ˵ģ˵ط룬ôܡ

Ϸ򵹿ͷ˵ֹֻҪŹүԹ
ֵǣæ˵һһ˵ǰȰҲذֵǵ¡
˵үĶӣ͸ٴӱʮʮ壬̣һ
һʱ˾ֵ̿ĿⶼصĶүܣϴǧĶӡἰҷ̸ɫ䣬̵ȷϴĶӣľս

ɿܵıֻۣǰһϣſڱĵϣƨǡǴԲľϣǰһ亹ӣһһӾ̾гһء
һȣ͹һյϾƣչ̡ҧֻÿ̡ܱȶϱˣ˹أ޿ɱ粵
ֻӲӲģѵܡҪŲӣһͰˮֱ󣬱뼡һ飬ˮ˳˼·ʣֱӼ£ʪ档ľܷϥڲȻһ˽ŲסĽ󣬷ԸһٲҪ֣ϸ򵽲ôĵط
ţ̾˵ֻһʱʹ죬ҷ顣

ֻˮëӾʹƤϣģӲӲġһãǷծǮûʲôġ˲䣬ǸϵëˮѸȻܽһƤӦսһ㡣
ȵȣϴȻַͣ֡ľѵЩ̣ҪҪ
ϴ˵˵ףܷŻΪ̰ƣҲΪ˽һʱĽǷǣﲻֻ֫ʮ塣ΪذʵĶӣʮ壬ʮƤѪ֣򣡡
һ򣡡֣Ҷ

ߵִһӦͬߺһǰӾͽ¡
ѽܲҺһ鲻ԽæҧһݺϣǶʹʹľȫ޷ϢֻžһȾ벻ز;ƨϷҴ衣Ƥⱻַתȥ۵ò֪ëͬԼƤϷ׽ʹںδֻҧһ㡣һ֣ۣ

ҧӺôܺʹأҧס֣שϣʪһƬǺˮýˮͰˮִʮ塢ʮĺţߺűÿʮ»ͦסľưαˮˮשӿ۵ܽҧڲNNNNĲָӣ纮紵ƴεĴֽ죬Ե˵Сʹཥʹ裬֧ŵʹαǴ֪˵ʴȡܵͷϴȴܣҧڣģ޲ðҧ飬űʮ塢ʮʮߡôʮ£ôûд꣡
Ȼ̧ͷʱ¥ŵĳҫϣɫ´ڼͷеʹŵò£ȣͨ죬ٺݺݵص¥ʱҫϲˡ

ܻεǰͣ£̧𣬾ͳƤϡˣȻûֻһţѻȸģֻģһƬҺһз϶ʣݵ衣ȻƣߣȻ䳩࣬ҲãǷһծڻˣԴǷ˭ʲôȻǶϱѪϵծĸԸŲȣôҪߣ޷
һִ׹ǰֻһֽֿȥ뵰סֹѪӣôѿȥӣԵĻĶְԲԲ壬ĵ棬ָģһѪѪָ졣
Ҳչ˵ﻹ

ȥһŭ⣬̧ģһŻƤӰٿȻ
ѵˣֻԹߣʵʲô
ǲȴ˿ûֹͣǾֱĴȥȥ˵ʲôʧ䡣ܱ﷢һʹǱһ˴ֻ񾭾Ƭ̣ٻй񣬸ѾӰ˿ûлͷ 

ֵǼĸ첲ԼĽڵϳɳɳĿá
һҰˣûдû
 


5124Тϵ 
 
 
ȴ󻤷ѵʾΪ䣬Чȣٴ꣬شʧߣְλߵͣһɽãڲίΣҲõְλ뿪Υ̷ء

ܳһ᷿ϷԸȥȥ
᣺ү˭ҲûˡÿСңүֱʣǰءүүҲ޷ίˡͷЩƣδٸǣãҲҪȥء
ⰵƽƣЩʲôֻԴ˱£еүҲշԸ

ȥȥܷԸ
ܸ磬ⲻǶʱ򡣡öš
ãá
Щ˽źǰɣᡣ
ܷͷ߾Ը뿪Ѱѣˡã֪
ǣܸ磬У˵ñءִֽŵģչ˲ܳ£ȥҽԺ
ҡͷƴҡͷѹĵͷֻ

·ϳֱլӣϤĵطȻǻôů
̫ſڴϣĿӣѾ˿Ѫ
ܸ磬ȥҽԺһ룬˷ôǺã
ôôаġ˵
֪ƢҲͬ粵ʰҳ¥ȥҸڴˮתʱѾԺĻ˯ȥ

ָܻʱۣȴԼ·һˮĴϡ棬ڻζģһһģȦģչȥ͸̵Ӿ࣬ͷ̹ޱȡչӣȿȥءѵһƴں⺢ӣ˯ʵ
һ·صʵȻ˯˸׵ķֵĶƤϣѹ̹ģģġȴŪı泯̾˯һʹȴ֪ʲôʱģԼá

˵СӶܵأԭǶˡϴ𱸵
һǰĿſڴѰ§˵ˣðţҪǴ룬Ҫȥ
ԹߵĻʷû³ᣬæͷȥ
룬ʱ򲻼Ĵʱè޺ӣۣʲô
Ҳ˯˿˺ۣ΢ӣȴһѰס𱸵㵱ǺģͲ˵Եģź괯ǾʹˣƨɶҪõָϴŪ۵ϵĲҽһ졣

һֺõЦ·Żһ޶˿ЦáֵֻֻצίʵĿɶϲͣĸ鿴·ڼÿ缡ȥʱһ飬ͷðյô֣
ƽԭȮۣϴٺһЦϷʵָҩ࣬һ˿ͿĨ޾ܣ˵߸⣬ٺ٣ͦóԵġСģһ 
룬Ǻȥĸ׵ġô֪ˣ
ĬȻϴҲε˵̻ĻҵþǸݣþǸ˭˰棬ϳͲǣۣǵͷһ⣬ѽ㣬Ҫ޵ͺްɣǱΪ˶ίԼҪǲ롭ǣȥס죬Ҳͬȥ塣
ͷһʵƺûָףҲӲʲôӡصȡĸԸԹ޻ڣ̸ʲôɺԹı⣬ǲͽͣõĿЦͲм˵Ҷʲô̫࣬ҲȥŶӷһȥġ
ǵð淢գʮλ̫̫ѼһȺڴͷź½վƲӣǸΪ˰ôȻ˲ʺ򣬰ô̹Ȼţ

仰ϴˣϵĴɴۣһͷٺЦˣݵСȲ̹û⣬˭ѽҲңͷһ첻Ǹֹţͼæ϶ˮ˵ȵˮ
ҡͷȴϴѽʣʲô

С𣬵۵һս
ϴӴʰͭҹ˵Ҷ±ġ
һͷⶼˣﰲӪկˣҪ
ѽϴ󲻸ĵʣһգһ̿ҵŲϴ̧˵㱸ˣҶ㡣
Ǳƿ̵Ŀ⣬գ϶ó
ϴĹЦˣʣǣǺˣСӣ̥ǹ⾻ѽ˭ܿҲܿ㡣

ּܲͷֵӣٺЦ˺ͷ˵ãźã£ͳȥȥҡҡͷ̾˵ͷζء

 


5224Тϵ2
 
 
ϧΪŲСĽӣһӿðͷƾŪо˫ֲڵƤĦţ۵ʣ۾³Ц㡣

ԲסΪˡܲͷ˵ȥ
ϴһƺЩдȴ㣬̾˵ûжԲסңǶԲסԼΪõĴǰ̣һֺ壬Ϊһֽ䣡
ָ֪ʲô޴ӱΣǰ档

ܱѹͷϵδŶȴ˿ڳ鶯ʹ̡
ϴΪˮӣﻹੲݵ߶϶ҲǸǷĻ˶չ˵ܵܣȴһͦʬȥˡȣƨɴãһմµӡ

ǶĻ·ڿ˵ΪйߣȻĶ˵ܶǸ͸ģţǸĺããӰһʵһִ졣ҫϸȸԣǺãȥһ滻˼ҷá
ЦԷǣǡͷ֡ôóɣ֮໹ǱЦһЦ﷭һкǧ滺һҲ̹٣ŵ˱ȥıӰһѹ̣ȴһģЩһѷסӣܴһ
ϴٺԳЦҡͷ˵꣬겻ˣܲšТӣТӣТ˳ӡ

үˣųббŲϴϴʹĵ˵£¡
ϴ£ȥĿȣ¶һƬ࣬Ϊ֮ɫϴһѰסȣ򿪰֣
ҫЩëͷСҲûʲôֻǰѾһ͡

үˣżˤɵ̨£ŵֵһͷ亹۶ү˵Լȥ̽ˤôүҲⲻȥѽ
⻰æʣʲô£
ϴݺݵ˰һֹֻСֵģģˤһʲô
֪һѹ
ߴ粽룬ź΢ͷǴǸλǳҲ˵ھΡֻǴ磬Ĵɩӣѩأ

ůıϣı档ȻⲻعݼǴѵϸģЩˡ
ŷţſԵ˽
үʦүƻᣬүԲμӲǡδˮүȥøءⶼˣүûȥ¶棬¾ǱߣλΪءҪүȥãУĻص籨·ͣˡ˾ר֣ͣת˻𳵻

ϴɵǱߵ£ʦүòģҡЩҪܶ
ѹüͣͬڹǴɤŴྶܼͥǵãڱ¥¥ѵ˵ùݵذ嶼ڶ

ϴתطʱܿڼѵ˵
ϴһ漴ʹӦһԶӣ˵ﲻࡣ
Ҳ̲סͷ˵˯һһ°ɣҡҶżаҡܷ˹ذ򣬵ţȥáతʮӣҲ״˲ǣ

ϴͷᣬֻƿǸһɴ˿ȥȥͻأԼҪҶ
հٹɡ˵Ըֹһ䣺ѽ
ϴεؿЦãͷٺЦ˵Сӣ˯ˣ˵ôТ˳ˡǺǣãǵϾͲˣؼȥ˯Ҫ˳ҩ
ܵͷĿʰȥڴſڣŷضȥ׵ҩڹϣð󣬱ҪԼԿ

ߺָž˯һȴӶڼǹһ׮¡
ԭļǹҴ罯һҵ䣬ס棬ֻҪ֧µ·ȥϼȥѰǴУǱȽСЩմ罯ζô緢꣬ȴǣֻǲ֪õǵĴǼ٣ϵĶĲС

ҹܳ˰Ƭͼ¡ߴ粽룬ܵԸǻãү䡣
㵣漴类ү֪ˣðɡ
ҧʹ룬֪ˣ

ҹ˾ʱܷŰһŲ¥̨ףؼﴫʣװ¡¡ӹ̥йǵضɽҡ
ͬ¥ݿڴ˯ĸȻ㵵үȥ
ܿҿȻָָ˵ƣɢɢ
ʣү棿
˵үǳҲҪˡˣڲ˯ϳ
ۿһȣζӳ·ӿԼø״˭֪Ϊ棬Ȼȥ˯¾

ܵ˿ڳͱװ˻ؼˡ
ģסͷߵСϱһǽﲻڣµ˾ͻȥסܵġ
֪ܵĹǣϴصطų˵ܻضΪͬײһŭ֮׾Ͱڳݺݽѵһ١ϾƤԲЩСǽǰ̽صؽŲȥ˿
ֻﰵԽпֻ࣬ðȥ̽Ϣ

ֻ̫̫˵Сӱӱһ٣ڷﲻšһȺ̫̫ۣ˵үִ̫֣үǸúúýѵһ٣Ϊܲƽ˵ôүүȸµģڼзӻ޶ȵĴүξ͸ô

̫̫סȥӷȥϴһЦҾ˵ͱ˲ˡҶСӶڱﲻˣʲôɿģô˵Ƥ⣬ŴڽӴģ˼ס
̫̫һۣЦˣģиӿɾ԰ˡɣ򣬿ɲҪ˵ǸȢϱ¶ҪץЩңϡǸϧϧ˵˵ȥ

ҫϳ˷ʹս͵͵ʣ٣ôͷˣˣੲݵĺҪǮҪżүȥ
ҫ÷ɽ߷ɵʲôǻǷǮͷ²ɵ㣬ô˳ϲ鵽ֿ⣬ѸѼӸȥʴҪ⸶׬ǮǷһ룬ֺ£
ҫŴ󣬿Եÿֲ¡ŵðȰϸ磬СЩǼɻ䡭ָͷָָڣҫôСˣ޷֮Ϊı
Ц˵ϸ磬ôҲҪڷѽܱЩȥүǰ״˵ϸ͵˽˿Ӽ޻үǿЩƲְɡ

һǮûУˣֻһɵҫ϶ݺݵ
Ŵ죬Ȱţ٣ðɣһɣ˼ܱǸͷȻǸȸСɣҲСѲġ
ҫϲĵһ߷ɻƿݵĶǽûǷȶɾֹݺ˵ҸҪҸζ˻κΣһǺ;һء




53ɱ
 
 
ҫϻƵĵƹŤգСĹȰ˵ϸ磬룬ɽڣûգǵЩСˣ㲻ֵүȥɾǼɵˡ

ҫϰŪŴһѳ£ٹϣ룬֪ǵĴġôĹأ򼸰Ӿ͹ȥˣģүӻźʺң类һᶼƽƽ
Ȱϸ磬뿪ЩүﻹϸġƽԭȮۣû취үı±ϸ磬ǲġһϸ磬ѧʶˡ
Ҳܰܣܾô֣ҲΪǮֻǲģģҫҧгݵ˵

ϣһڲ͡
ͱҪ¥ͬ˹ͣҲԡ
ЦǳҫڶЦ֪˵˭Ȥ£ʲôöͭӲȽЬ£էЦüɫһȾԵøȤ
簲Ϊλڳҫԣ档

ֻҪһ࣬Ϳİ²ҫϽЦһϸĽͷƤһ£ܲŰ棬Ե֣Ȼ԰˵һöͭӣûǮĳС
ܵĿһֱעеͷƺ죬ȴ߸ͷǵ⡣
ôԷأ޿̵ʣ澹Ȼݳ޵˵زΪʾԼ󣬳ԸͷҪƤˣĽĽѧУЩӵܣǸͷƤԲֻԲģѼֻԳ⡣񣬰ʵˣ㰾үͷƤӡ

ɫŭͷ˿ЭķʣͷûԹ𣿻û
ǿڶʵ޷ѹ֣ȳ㲻ǸСӣʲôųͷƤҲʳ
ţæǰõԼǰЦ˵ǰҳԵģҾͺóͷƤ
һ𱸣ž˦°һͷ˵ұˣˣ
ţæס棬˵˺ˡ
̫̫æ˵ԣԣ̸ͷƤܵһʶƨɣûء
ܻðɣͼбһ۵䣺ƨɣƾʲôҳ
ٿȻһӲͽҪߣҫһץסӡ˵ұˣԡ
ϴһĽǰһ嵰ȥǰ˵ϿζԷСʳãǲٸϼһѼϡѽ

һĬǱЦҫϰܵļͷصӣ˵ͷƤ㲻Ѽƨɣοǿأ
漴Ц㶺˵ﲻڧѽ·ϣ﷣һǲˣ
ǿѹŭֻǰԽԽİ

ϴԱƿӣϱֽչۿʣ϶˵гάҲ޼ʴֻ̨ᣬ㲻ȥѽ˵ͷû㵯ˡ
ֽסϴҫϸ˱ֽ˵Ǹйȥֻѽʱѧ٣øëԱ߱ƵġѧʱǸ飬ɱɱģǹɱȸ̼ˡ˵պٺһЦ̫̫һ˵˵ģûΡ
ҫԳЦЦĲͷȥ׸Ҫڣȴֽͷͷ˶ı⡰ͷʬ촦Ϊڧ

ţܺʱصɱ档ҫϵͷ̣ĿⲻȥǱֽѪܵƬڰ׵ıֽѪǺɫģ˵
˱⣬ŵҪŻ̫̫Ϊ౳𱸶˵ôһͿôĵĻ⣿
ҧǱˡƸͷҲ˼ϸܣֶκݶ׼һпϴ˱ƳͷΣ¥ȥ˯ˡ

ҫͷһҶɴƻͨ
һӴ򿪣ǽ鱦ҫϲĶԸͷġͷ˵ҲоգǵˣϲϸͷֵλáǮ˵ˣ˷֣ٸһ񡣡
ͷϲ⣬ֵô򹪿ͷ˵ǸͷƵȶˡȥЩˣû׾ϸģǸͷһ߲嵶Чϸ硣
ߡͷһˣҫ˵̫çײˣ˿ͲˡԷүӶڻˣͲҪ
ΪѵӿͷҪ˭ӵġͷǱѾøɾû˿ġֻϸ磬οЩǮǣ
ҫЦ˵ҳҫϱ޷ĵһ¶ǮǿؼҵġպûؼңһҪΪԼ㡣Ǯѣֵá
ʣǣϸ˼Ҫ뿪ϳã
ڣ·𱻷ͷڳݶˣڴ

ҫⲽں԰ĺ£ҡƬǴִ֦ɣ޷Ȼ벻룬ҡͬһµģȼ겻Ҫ˵ͷҿ޺ҪôôġЩ꣬ûӣԱߺֵĺҶʵ֦ˡһֱЩ꣬ģҵˡ

ѪиƨãĶӲܼҰ˸ȥϵģλүͱϸǿү֪ϸĲŸɵģϸ뿪ġȰţҫϿźƤҡͷ꺶˵֪Ķ벻֪󡣵꣬ΪʲôڴǱߣܳڶǰĺöӡ
ţȻ۾һʣϸ磬Ǿү֪ҰӲģܼ̳ϵļҵûҪϸ㡣
ҫЦˣʰ룺λүô죿
ţѽүǸǸʬ𣿳ԺúȺãʲôӰŮˡǶүǷǮƵģҿүҲôģү̲ˡû̫̫ûɫģѾҰ֡ޣ

ҫİļͷ˵㻹˼λүãպ˼ⷿӵӣ˳ãҲ졣ϸ磬һһԺĹ

˵ţſڵѾߴţһȮèУҲʲô
ȥȥҫϷԸ˿첽ȥѶĻ档
ſڵĴ󹷰ڱŷùӴߣĵĶǽǡѾСѾ۵رѩ׵Ĳ˹èŪ᣺ɶôôǷҪȥǹƫҪȥ

ҫһСѾϳרźֻ̫̫èġ
̫̫ߵһСܳèӹڻ︧ŪСѾûá
Ǽ˳⣬ָؤ
ŵŷͨ¿ͷ˵ȥ˵ûϹڻԺ󹦵ġ
Ǵ˴ɱүǰڳȥҧסǴ̿͵Ȳžүһģ



54
 
 
ת˵̫̫ôԸģհ졣үһΪǹڵ£ؼһڷ𣿳ؼҵķ͸ؼЧǲ֪ôӲˣȥɣ
ǣ⹷ܱèðɣϼԺʹʧ

ҫæס裬֪̫̫ߵˣ˵裬ˣ⼸첻̫̫ôÿɱѽһͷϵⰢڸȥլԺȥɣﰭˡ

һ룬ҲЦ˵ȫ㣬̫̫Ǳߣȥ˵
ԶŷصĿ˵èôҲǸѽйأ
һЦү˰ɡ
ఢͷƺĻίˮ

¡¡ҫϾͱŰںǲ̦שϣһڵϸۡͱëϲš
ŷ˵ѽҪ´ˣٻȥɡڲĶµġ
ҫȴ˵
裬ҫϾڵϲڣ૵˵ʲôصģͶ˾ڴ
ŷ֪ΪʲôɵıֻϹԺ꣬ȥ¥ﺰʱ顱һǹ졣
ʱҫϽŴڹһ̲ɢѪˮԴҫĿ͡
ϴٰɡǰȻ

ԡϴ裬ſͬ˵
ԡҵŰš
˵㲻ظңȥԴˡ
˵뿪ү벽ģЩǻү
Ц͵ˣǺвˣϰ߳Ȼ˵ɣȴЩءҲͬҫ϶Ȩͬҫ϶һ㡣

˵ܸ磬ʲô
ԡڻˮͣסͷϴ裬صˮʣʲôÿնϷתƫ磬ǷѲġ
˵Ҳ߶䣬˵ǱٸˣˣⰲٵšңܸΪءϴܸ类ôôɣҲԤıҪܸЦ

ԭˮȻͣסִ򿪣ö溰ܸ磬Ҷżأߣ챻ҧһڡҿܸϴǶٰӰ̫ԩˣܸ֮֡ȥͬүú˵˵ȥܸ棬Ұȥ̸үظģǱ뻢ѨԵùͷӶʣ
ɳ裬ĵţܱΪɵĴ裬ɫԡҺĭ˳£ݵļʣɫļɾֻˮ²Ҳ̶õĿݣĿĵвƽ

ܸ磬ʲôҫˣЫԽԽ۸㡣үܸı£ʼˡߵߴ磡
ֹԶﴫҲضšﶼв׽ӰµˡҲЩǱǵһ٣Ҳѩƽԩѽһ²һ£ңǺαȥ˵ĴԡΧסͻͷճյЩֵʲô
æջߣȴɲģֹ˵ܸ˳ǲ˳أ˵˳˶һٶ޵ģ˵˳ôǲɽ𺣵ģѩСҲˡ
ᵽѩæʣ¿иˣ
ԥ˵׵ģ˵ѩȥ̷أ˵үȥˣѩȥżίụ̂ܵСˡ
˵ܷ񶨵£żƸεķ⣬Ľ۹⡣磬ȻĿѩȥԹѩȻԼʱ޷ҸΪʲôҪֹأ˵ʧۣ֮ҲֻЩį̡

û˲£µŶΪƽԭҫϵЩȴ֮ȴɳҫ¹ٸԭְǵĴ硣
ҲƽϣժȥӡźӣͬȥһڳҫĴϤ鿴װ

Щֶ꣬Ҳࡣһ·Ͽ˵ЦҫһϵļɣҲ˵ˮ㣬²̫档

ظ·ϣ·һƬмƳϣޱȣϡ
ӵڼϣʱͯСӳǰܹ˾ֵغšҫñŲŲӳ¿˵СӱеҪЩ̫ܲġôǰôɵ£
ܿĿ񣬻ƵĹӰ͸߲ϣȴĻ
ֵ˼ȴҫϵĶҲ죬ԭҲˡ

ʳҫϣ𣿡
ҫʣҾ͸óԷˡ糿Ｆҳԣֻǲ֪᲻ֱǲèȵȥĽ㣬ͱŵζȥˡ
ֱܲ¶вҫҲǸˣЩģǼǵõġֻǲ֪ͻȻܿҫϵְȨζ

·߸ġָ˴⣬Ը˾ͣ
˾߿Ц˴ȤүҳԵ̯Ķࡣٳθá
죬Щֵܼһͣ
ԺǼ߸̯λ³ȥæȥ˵үȥ򡣡

ҫҲ³˵ܣҪԾԼģҲǶ
ͣ·У赲˵·ֵںߴ٣ʱֳߺ߷ɳ۶ȥ
ܴ߸̯ȥʱͷЦҫϣƤӡҫһϮɫ£¶ѩ׵ĳ죬°ڷ졣
ܶС˵Ұɣпֿϡ
ֻʱȻһ𣺡ǣԩͷծһǹ죬춯أȺɢҴܡ

ܣҫϾȥһƿܣֻͷײӲʹͷһյص˲䣬ǹǡС۾΢գĿԵǹǹһǹ죬鷢ֻǻҼһӰᴩ˵ءƿĿѸȺѰǴ̿ȴʧȺûӰ
ܿѺɫģָ䣬æϹʣܸҲ
ȴ˿ʹ²Զ٣٣ѣѡ
ҫеˡ



55Ĵ
 
 
ʥֻҽԺڣ¥ＷһɫɽװֵǣѼñ˰Ƕߡ
ܶǽǣڱ䡣񲻶ʱܰƣֱ׸ӭȥǵϸû
ϴǰͣȻַ̧һĶϣݺݵԿ߸㣡
ֲܴסգĿ㵡ߵʦүúϹܼҹӶˣžĿ¡

ջģľȻŸԶȥӰʦү𱸵ļͷ˵ǵĻ¡еģôȥֵط
ίǽĳҫñ۾ƻɷһ㡣˲һеӿȥذ£ϴϸ絽ױ˭ģɱ־ǰߣôɣ
ذʣ̻Ŀ𰸡Ҳгҫϵ»ֹţֹ˵˭ģҲϸ磬˵׼߹롣
ذĿ籪һֱȥ
Ǿ仰ϴˣҲˣҫϵ»ڰϸ磬˻үŻжĥɱ¿

˵ʲôٳ̥үģ׶ӻסܼ˵֪ƽչ䵭ڱΡȴԼû׷֣Գҫ
ܺԼΪʲô˴⣬ƫƫҪ³ȥ߸⣬ѵͲһڳҫЩɥ

ҫϻĲ£ӵȡҲЩѪɫպʹ΢΢ðĺӲ磬Եд˼աüƯĿʱŨüɷţ΢΢ʪëΪ󴽣ʱᡣ
￴ɫѡҫӣ֪
ҫˣۺܣأ
һסֱ֣ȴסû૵ããڣͺá㣬û°ɣ
ܵͷ˵лл㣬Ϊң㲻ᰤǹ
ҫϳ·һʯͷذϲ˵ҿ˵ң˵㣬һǿڣҲԵͲˡ

ϸ׺ȥܲžøҽԺۣԵί
Է⣬Ъ˹Ŀĸţһסǽƣ˵ʲô
̫Ŀֻèмأο϶һֱТ˳㡣׶ӣ϶֪̫భۣҲܾɱѽ
ܾĿɿڴ⻰Ӻζѹҡͷʾ¥ڻζϹҵĶҲۣĸŪǷóӵķ⻰Ҷ

ҥĿҥԶҲ򣬹ֶ޷粻ˣܾ͸ǡϲӵĹϵϲõļ򵥣ϲֱڿĸ磬ϲĲڣϲıȴͬˣĻΪСֱǲмͬ

һˤŭĳһۿĸ׽§ڻȻ漴ס첲קקһͲ춫ԣõСû̸㣬ֵطܴ𣿡
̫үķй˼֣Ҳԩүмַ⻰ҥԡ
ϴ˳ֳϵʹ򣬴ϣƨϣһʹ۵𣬵ӱס׷

Īίпѱ磬۵ƨɣίĿŸףȴŲ
ݷ˵һӴֱϣ۵֣ڵóӷࡣΪʲô͸һӣģŲõ˼ҷ̾ߡ
ϴƷɳϺݺݴ£󣬴ܶǱŭĵģֹͣ˶ܣԹԵſ˼¡ҲپʹԼܿ
ô㣿ͣסִͷǶ
ûдΪʲô㣿ûдңǸˣϸҺģûУϴе裬η¡

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ܸпѱ磬ͷȻŸףͣûΪʲôϸȥ룬ȷʵſڵǳǰûҵ򿪳¿ǡҫϴ󲽹˵ôߣе˻ȥԷءǵġ
ҫϺԥȥĳӣԸһԵļһˡʱʲôû룬ֻϸ˽Ľһ죬ɤЩɳơٻϳϸƣĿϱĿ񣬻ͬ˵ЦţŬǸλСڣƺѵǰܲһѵǰΪձݺ¶˱ҫϣ

˺հͻȻʧˣܸǼĴѰҡ
ϴ֪ܺȥٴΣŪǱױʾԼ˿ûмӺҫϵ˼οǰˡǰҲһнͶͽ͡
ҫϵĲӾ磬ҹͻȻ鴤ѵ촽Ұף૵߽ġ

ҵڽһСͷһҲԾӣܻȭ˾ˣܶȥ
ȻĿŭŰһãȻһѵʵıѪίʣܸ˵ʲôʲô㣿Ҷ˭
ȥˣܺٱ꣬˿̶ЩǽᣬʧŰʣ⼸ȥˣ
λһ˵ȡҩȥˡû㽲𣿰˵ϸзβ㲻þҪġοȴҩֻҽԺУȥģȥȡҩߵüһ˿ͧûüܸкǰ˵ܸ㽲ѵСû˵̾˿ҲöԲסԩҲܳϱҫϵ˰㣬Ͱο˵⼸Ҳƺû룬ƴҶΪҫϵܣæˡ

ȥݣҩ͸ҫϲǰ˲ɿܼŰ˼Ŀ⣬ֵͷ˵һ䣺ûĲȻͲ֪ˡ
̫ȴ˫ֺʮĿ˵ӷȡҩˡ϶ҩþˣҲϸҡ⼸϶ǿԣҲҩŷҩƿ˵ģĵ⺢æ˰£Ȼû⡣

ʲôԵģϴҫϼѵ˵֣룬Ƕӣ
ίǼлƿ֣ҩˡҩʣ¿ƿӡ
룡£ǿʶҫֹţҩͺˡҫ˵ƣ΢
ܷЩĿͿֱı޴粵˿ָڻ

ϴȥ鷿ɵĿƽ˵ܶǸȵģ㡣϶سֻһʱɺδظҺ㣬ЩֵĹպͺôҲվġֻ㣬ǸǵĶԹҪϹͣҪŻӣ
ˣܸǷߺޣΪʲôҪɰġ

ҹһܷ𴲣ڵʣôˣ˼˯ȡ
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ƵƵҡͷӶûҵѽҰַȥѵӸ򣬴ҩ룬롣ҩǰҵġ

쵰ٵĸٵ㣬ẦѽİҲۣʵϣ!
Ҳ֪Ҳ֪ѽͷ

ҽʦү·һСܳȥҫϵԷ¥ǣɫš
ܵĿ
벻أⲻеĹҧ˵ġ
ǹǣһȥǺ׼ֺݵġ
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ļͷ˵޹ء

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ܺһ
ϴһۣԼԷȥ
ίβţ˵Ű߰ɡظһգ²ðҪѪߵҲأ𣿡
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һίȴƽϢ˵ʲô취Щ˲Ҫ֣Һҫ϶룬룡
˭
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ҫƵЦȥĴݣҫϲˣѵµֵܣӹ⣬ȵ컹ѣ裬ΰ죿

ҫϷ·޵һ峿ʱǴϰ߲չӰɰţ֪ʱﳣ˯ʱĸ裺С̨źҪ̣ΪɶޣϱΪɶ
ųŰԼЦˣȥǴɴ͸ĻӰǣ˿ڵʹԼÿˡ
ģǵʱյòһݵˣϡϢ͸ֻĶġ

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Ӧ˵ߣҲѽҪ˵ˡ
̫Ʋ˵ǳƫˣû취
ҫЦ漴ҽ⳰˵æЩ
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ǰ꣬ʹ㣬ȥ⣬ŦԼձӣϲҫϺȻʣԾʣ㣬㻹ڶ˼ϴǵӱŭġ
ҫϴǴһʱһʱɡ

٣˿Ȭˣߵº͵ҫǸ׵ʦүãҲؿ˵ھӦһǷѽ롣
Ըе˵

һɫѩ׵ڳģֻǲƱʦүҡȣһʮˮ飬ЦеڳҫϲǰеĿҫϡ
岻游ȥ̻ôйҫʡ
õͷ˵үǲһȡö¿̵ļѪʯ˽ӡҲҵҲֱŵиʧ춯˳
ҫϸмһЦ˵Ц̴żͯҡҡͷأԵǷҡ

úǺһЦƺϵҪô˵ҲͬȤţȻһΪʦǸ㵽Ҹǰͷʦʱ꣬ôߡ
ñȻţȻЦдᣬ˲ͷȥתͷʱЦ˰٣Ҿͽ̹仰Ҳ֪Ƿסһ䡮ġТиĸȻʱˣĻⳤġڶ䣬ʱĪǿ󡯣үûաͲ統𣿡
ƺʧԣæԼ˵úˣɽڣûա
ۿͷҪߣҫЦţıӰ˵˾䣺ʦ̻壬ͽˡ

ϴ鷿ⲽ̺ȳһǳǳĹʱҡͷ̾
һԣһ۴һԵܼңҲܻ䣬Զϴ˵ˣϲϣ󻼡һȦͷҧ˽ǣ߼ȡһһֻɽ֡
ϴۿʣֱȡ᣿

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ϴ󲻼˼ҡͷҡͷ˵һ̶ִ̻ʳѵȥΪЧպӾսɳ
үЩԾ𸴣ŵѿڵѵãˣ

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ȥشȻ̽ͷ¥ɫֽɡӭ¥ɡڵ㿴ֻξֹУϴһϳĹ¶Ҷ߱ͬ˵ǲĴæģʲô¡Ѱ˼һѩԺţ³ǡǷȻȴŲæ˾˵ʲôһɡڵ
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һŲٶȻƷڲ豭ԲҶǽŲȴſԶȥа岻㣬ԷȺλˡ
ٹһǽŲ̸ǰϷֱعȥˣѰģæһһҲͨϴֹȻѵԼ̽е϶ģ

ϴ̲סеĺ棬ųǡϤıӰʧҫϵķſڡ
һĵһŲͽҫϴﲡڴЩͷʲô
ⲽҫϷȥ߽ſڣǡһصɤ󺰣ѪѪĹͻᣬѪծѪ
һƬ
ҫϵ΢ȴ
ҫϲԱѩޡгһҪǣôʧǵѰүȥޡֻǿǵİ취أѵҪү跨Ϊ뷨Ӹ𣬻ͬһһ
 



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ҫϵĿϣȰ٣ЩĲźЩ
ը˸һ㣬һƬһһҲ塣

ϴѰ˼ҶϷѲܷŭҫĻָʹԸܣҪ֣ѪծѪͷһѪӿյðҫǸҰֶԸܣҰģ˾ˡ
һһٿȻŶ롣ӽӵķӣͨ

ʱĿĿĿǴɨһȦ;ĿɿڴϷҶͷзʦүһԣһӻĴǳͷʷ¡Ƴõ»ڳҫϲǰٿֻһ˶ѡüͷ壬Ƭ̡

ҫϷ˴Ұ׵ɫ͸
ϴЦǺǣ̽϶ѽģġ
ҫæ˵ɣӱ뾪ŵġ
ϴЦĿڳҫ˵ܺãܺãؾң㵫˾ǡ
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첲ϰˡʹʧλҲǲбܽǣ̲סʹ
ϴ㵵Ŀɨڳˣ̾ҡͷģģߵģֻ˲

ҫſڣͳͷͰ壬ȥˣ
--һҶ̲סޣ쵱ҶȻ鲻Խᣬ˾ҶͬͷͰͬ㣬꣬ĺ˾ʹ
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ϴһ۳ҫϣҪ´£࣬ȻãӰϾڣ˴£˻鲻ԽѰ⡣

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ϴ¿ĭߵϸͰϷڽǣעʽ󣬶粻ͬ⣬Ҫһ̯ӣЩĲּҡͷͳȰϸҲӦͬϰ̸ٶᣬúõģ˭뵽ϣǣǣ¡¡ûǹɨ䣬صѪҾ߶ƯѪȣǵˣǵ˶ˣǼ˶Ѷģȥɽιʱ˻ŵġ
̫ҦİûˣЩ궼ܹ

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ʹĵİͷ
²˳٣Ҫɸȥʰ̯ӣҹζ࣬ǵǮջһôҲ佭Цʦү

ҫȥһ˰ɡǽֳҫϻûȥǡֶӡءôҲҪָ˵ҫϷȤ
ϴҲЦЦҫڶ⣬ȥʱͻͷĿ-ϸĵ־Ͷͬ꽻ֵܡҫϵĴܼʱŷֳҫϵݣűݵĽֵҲΪЦ̸涼ˡ

֪ҫǲǸѡ
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Ҫȥ˺òˣҪȥƽŴءҫϼֵ
ˣ׮¶ûѡϴ˵Գҫ϶˼ֲģһ׮׮£óҫϴĲ֡

Ǹƴȥ¸㲻ǸļܰɡҦ˵
ﵫصʱΪ˸вŻĵһһԾĻᣬ̽ãԺգԿ̵屮ϣиʧҲ
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ˣڲ¼áѵһҦϡ
Ҧ˵ʲô˶ԽӣǰˣǰĹʧһʹǸѵõĻᣬֻ̫ðա
вУѽⰢ׶ӣôСжһиʧвУ϶ȥء̲ס廰ϴʧʱΪȡÿһܷĻᡣ

ҫϾһԾŸ׵ı飬ĬöװɣǶһˡһܶǱ߲Ϥͻ˾ǳУ˵ܣĲѽҫϼԣĿȰ㡣
ϴƬ̵ȥȥ

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ȥܡҪ뻢Ѩɵûӡȥ죬Ҫʱʱ̵̿ظңȥһ仰˽Ծҫ˷ܵ۹ϲ㱡ʧ
޲Ȼʦү۳ҫϣ֪ﻢ£Ȼӧȥûн˵ܹ˧ƴȻ֪ҫԹҲ޿κΡ
ҫϣסǸܳɹ²ɣػңǻҷģ
ոͷƤӦ£ֻʣһǣ

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ҫڲǹǹͲþƹں⣬Ｗ֣ǾҪȥأ

޴ᣴڴѷҶԯŵս죬ŷ·
ϴ鷿Ĵǰ⿴Ǽ紵˱꣬ǰҳһƬ
Žһ䣺ң
ϴҲͷֻʣʰ׵ˣ
ǣܴ
ϴָָ鰸˵ȥмֻǹȥϡ
ǹܲ
Ȼ˵ƾǹİûǴ򿪳룬ǸֻĴȺǹǹͱȽϣȴǸ֮ͬзܾˡ

꣬£Σʱ߾ʹǹȥǿǹ񿴵𣿹ؼʱ̣ǻ֧ġϴĳŶӵļͷţĿᡣ
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һ˵İɣһʹ

ϴͷ˵ûôƣͰŶҲҪѽȻ֪ʲôԸҪʲôڹ
⻰֣Ҫʣϴ˳ִӳȡһСӴ򿪣Сȥ˵ϣ򲻵ʱõϷ

 


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ܻǸԼġָҫϡͷ𺳲ѣ׽綾Уҫϣ򲻵ѵʱз͡׶족ԶСĿԥʹģѱȡᣬȻݸݳ޵Ϊ֮мѣĪһɱˣҫ˱СȴΣףҲܾóֻ룬ԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬʲôأ

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ҫϿѼñѹúܵͣСһ㣬Ȼɽͷȥ
İȤ˧ˡδƽȥݷ
ҫһɲһ㣬ҧͷп಻üȥһԹ٣Ҳû˵ѽɻǺ˧רء
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ҫϺٶˣԴƽҫ϶ԱףҲΣҲϷ䡣һóҫ裬ǳҫϱѾֶΡ
ĬƬ̣ܲͷҫֻÿ˵˵˵С㡣ƾ˭ĶҲûã

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ҫѵͷһɫʿһ鷿
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ܵĿ⾯ͣڴɫᣣɫӵش
һ洰ſڣɫĴ£ת
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Ŀƣһ񳿡ʵգϸ壬Ȼݵȧ΢͹˫΢ݣȴǷ˿ݡˣȻһһӡֻһЦӺݻظ΢΢̧򢿴˵Ŀ⣬Щµİ䣬ִʮ򶫱Ȼᣬ
ֻŵڼͷǴůڵĺ귭ë죬ë϶ĽƣǺ귴Ƿǣ֪μǰᵽġ꾫ֻ뵽һ̴ָɢ

ҫϣλǣѰصĶӣϴʱշ̿͵Сӣʣ͵Ŀ´ܣЦ
ҶܡҫϽǰԸܣ񡣡
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˾ǰƽ׽˵ûй⻷üĿڼҵĴ硣
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ҫɳϣ̽ǰӢʵֶʦˣһӪı
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֪ʲô״סЦʡ
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Ҹֻ׮½ҫҪΡ⣬ֶ޼ߵ˼ҫѽڽǵһ仰ǿѹͷߡҺТˣЩϵļһԺڵģδ򡣡
⻰˼ҲĪ

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ˬҵӣȥ鳤ȥɡҫѽҫϣû㣬ǴϻҳǮĺݾ͸˵Ǹµˡ
ҫϼ󹦸ɣУ˼ɬĪˣײġҫּȥϻϻƤϵ۾ҵһŶȥǽίǵù

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СܣСͣζҪɻ˶꣬˵ȴ˧ɻ캽մӣ˶Ӳѽ
˷ܵ˵˾ܽܿɻ𣿡ȻλҲ˲ĵط
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ֿܷˣڵϷס֣ȱסͬĿӣ˻󺰣٣ͿڰźЩ꣬͸Ƥɡ٣٣ٲҪѽ

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𳵵վʱ賿
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ҫϰȻͬΪһ˺ѣ˽Σӹǰ·ڡ
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罯ڽɫɫˣаͽģҲûơ
ҫϰ֮أͦǰ棬˵صǳȥ

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ҫϷϷʣϷس𣿡
¶˵ү뻻һ
ҫڵͳ˼ɡ۾Ĵһ渵ۣϸüĿݰ׵СϷӡСϷ˵һ䣺ǳүɱЦ˼ҡ
˿˿ڣ˳ҫһЦȥһԣʦһιţС׾ɤӳ𣺡С귽ˣഺʦͷÿڷ㻻ˮӵϷɽ¡۶ۣ۰۶ۣ۹ǣҡԩңܹɾԵǰ
۶ȻڳҫѰš
ԱߵξƺΪҫƣȴСϷӼüŪ˵˵ǸҪ͹˫۶ڳϲȥǶצء
һЦǰǡ꣬ҧ־ͷҡڸӹֻ˳ҫ˵ˣ˼Ҿϡ˽ܡӻҪźȥ
һЦȥˣϵӿڳҫϣҫϺǺǵһЦ˰˵ǿǿ⺢ӣһ಻ˮˣ

ڶСϷӳ糡ұģѷɫЩˡʱ٣˴罯βͣ˺εĺã˺͸ơ͵͵ߵأĵ춼Զ
ձӣҫ˵ܣǷˣȻؾƵꡣһҪǺȾȥ󶼻档
ܰͲö㿪棬ǡЩģʲôãƫƫҪӪ

ܻصƵ꣬ϴϻ秳˯£ڴϷֽſţǱֽ֪ϣ˯ˡ
֪ʱһЦѣۿŷ͸ĵƹͻЦʱʱܷ͡˯Цŭ𣬲ҫ¹ڳģȻô
ų˷䣬ݺݵײԼķţһƬţȻֹãЦ
ñӰͷǲͬҫȥִһ߷޿̣Լȥ䣬˯ʱѾҹ

峿ųҫȥ¥Բ㣬ųҫǰͬǸ꾫ĴΡȻҰ֣ҫ¶Ǹ˵
˳ʰһűֽڵס۲ΪЦﻹƣҫһѶеıֽЦ÷ˣ
յҲȼ嵰˵ұˣáߺߵ¥ﰵҫ˵κ̫޶ȡ

һ죬ҫϽţǰӵӸ
ܣھƵˣȥӦҪЩصҳҫ¹ڳ̸¾ֹ˹ȴɫĿͳҫȥ

գҫ϶òµĻֲֻ£Ҳʣżһ̾Ρ룬ǽճҫӦ꣬һҪʸܲڶȥʲôģ



62Ѱ
 
 
գһȥóҫϵţҫȴȥ
Ѱ룬Ҳ֪ȥ
Щľ·˶Ѿ뿪ֻʣֻھƵ꣬ҫƷҲ֪࣬Ǹʲô
Ȼ俪ʼɣ⣬Ϊθǧҫ󣬻ĿȥѧȻ˼򵥣

գɥ˵٣ˡ

һƳ͸ï涵ϻŨڳҫϰϡ
ڴһʯϣŶƤ߲ĴŴ򿪣żа֦ɨڴɨˮ
䣬Сɼܳ׷һλ浾ĸ˺ܣúΡ

ɨͥԺ˵ͬǸ˵䣬ϸ۾ͽȥԺ
ЦǿԺţʯϣ˫ֱϥȴ
СﴩŻԺſƤǱ·ţһͷ󺹣Ц졣ͷţЦ⡣
˲ɽĿͶżкµĴʣģô
ͼ򵥵Ĵһ䣺ˡ

̫ɽʱתһϮ˼ƬҶ
£Ⱥ
峿⿴ĸ˹ʣλԺſһˣҪѰ𣿡
ҫɬ˵ңȸѣ˵ȣ

ҹɫ٣ҫµӣȥһλ΢ų˼Ժſתͷµɫϣ߽

ңҵˡ˷ʣҫϲ˵ҲĿЩί
˵һա
ҫϵͷ˵ƭңġ
£ˣ㲻ȥɫˡ˻ȡ
ҫ̧ͷĿʮ£ͬС£ֻ񵭶ݣʱֻŨܵĽüЩ˵Ӣ䡣

ҫԵҡҡͷ˵ˣҾ˼ҵ˶ʮ꣬ӦңҶʮط·ϻµʯԵģġҫ˵˵ңҵ
ǰϮͨʣֲ֯ڵ͸ֹ׾ǳĴǰϣԳء߰Ȱ˵ˣҹܲһҹ

ҫˮ鶯ϧҡҡͷִʮ꣬ҵ

Σ̾һʣˣĵգ
ҫϵͷ˵ţգʮ֮꣬ꡣǵøгġ
ЦˣЦúǳº͵Ŀ˵⻰ͻû󡣡

ļңҫʡ
ǡ
ɷֿˮȣҫʡ
ã˴תؼңʱ˳һˮҲˡ
ҫϽӹˮͷ˹£ɺԵĴˮ˫ַˣ˵һ䣺ʹˣлл
Զŵǿɺޡ˵
ڵϹģһûеطסȥҼҽһްɡ˵ʮġ

ҫҡҡͷ˵Ҫ
ɢȥҹɫ٣ҹҫڿԣԺŴ򿪣̽Ӱ߳λľĳһϡ
ˣǿңĵ治̫ƽǻˬԼˣڲ壿
ҫ̧ۿ۵ίǣҵʮ꣬Ҽ𡣡

ˣڴϣȥպһޣٵȰɡֽд˶ġ׿֣紵šҫȴһЩأ˸ߴһѷ𣬵һġ

ҽ׿躣ҼҡŹµųҫ߹ʧ޵Сѵשʱš
ҫϵͷ¹Ӱһ˫øɾľƤЬͬصáҫԵһŲĿ˵ģ
ǡҲͷҫĪӣĿܣкСܣҫϡصĳҫݵҫ϶ϵϡ
ƵĻɢҹڤڤУֻһ˫λҰԺǽµӰɵө棬ʹ֧еĹ֦Ʈɲİֽ죬ҹɫеĹҲ͸Щɱ

ôǡҫʣ׿ǰɴƣɫֽ˲ɴȴڲסɫĹ⡣
գǼҸɳ׿˵
ҫסɳƵǸʣңŰɣ
ĸÿ͵ģҹܼܲⶳһҹ׿躵أɢȥҹɫС
ƹǰͥԺĺɫм治ĴеԺӡ
ҫϴʣʱ㻹ף
׿躵Ĳȣҡҡͷ˵ǵãҸҲˣƮأ޶ͬĸϼҳݣշתһ˾ࡣ
ɻǵòҫ漴׷ʣ־ԼͻԳԳҸգʲô޴ӵ֪
įˣɫһ̾˸С֦ɸӰһķϣԵ

׿˵жҪɾͷҵ˲öŮ鳤
Ҳ֪˵˭
λСֵˡ׿ͣһƵĴǰӣ΢
ľͣסֺͰ˵˽ȿڲ裬ůůӡ
Ǽĸ׿˳ҫϽ룬ҫһ˫ƲãĴڵÿһ羰

һŰӣ湩λһŻӢĽŵųѥսִޣݡ
ҫϵĿ̰ͣǻϣϷѾɫȻһĻǻڵס
ªЦˣ롣Ϸ˺ƵȴҲ;㵵ı顣

Ҽϱ˵һˡϷ˹ʣѰʲôˣ֪ӿɷﵽ㡣һסʮ꣬ҲϤúܡ
ҫ϶ѳЦ˵ҫϰɣճӶġֻõһţ֪ҵҫϾǧ˭룬֪ǲֵŪء
˵ЩȻˣͷ
ȻţأԶϷ˸̾һ䡣


63Ѱ2 
 
 
˼аɡҫԳĸĸʮ޶һθӣҫ缺˭һ˫ӣҫڼ㴦εúܡҫҡҡͷ˵ǡʱ֪ĸϢѰһۣ¾Ǽһۡ
ִֵӣϷЦˣͷȥʱģôﻹ˵ϸԼ˶ʮģĪ˵ôôϢӣèҲиˡˣؼȥɡ
ҫҡͷֵܣ¾ɼұ϶룬μҸСĪеܸ棬ͶңǼҳ㷹ԹֻΪСһ仰ҫϵȡףȴ߳СܵǡǸңұʲôֻ֪ĸǺˣʲôģ

ŵõֵܣеӤε㣿׿ʡ
ͬʧɢʮĸӣһԶֵܡҫϴ켷ʼĽ
˫ֱĽŵĴţ͸ͷ
Ϸ˵ĿһֱʣȷǶݳģ
ҫϵͷǡ
Ϸ˼ֻݣһжݡ

ҫȥʱǡλ峿ʹСϱ໨Цӯӯģһ뵰˵ֵܣԵ㶫ɣһˡ
ҫ϶룬׿躹ĿЦ˵ͷЩ̣ȴůůģů͸ůһ
ͷԵſڴԶʱ̽ͷżЩ͵˵أˡ
һȴɫֻǳЦ˵⵰ء
ˣʲôֵǮµĵСϱ˵ſ̽ͷ̽һһëĴ۾ͷ˵ҵĵ
̱׿ȥһۣû

ҫϣ鷿պһҹ׿˳ҫһ䲻ķ䣬ǽĻ𿻣ǽƤҫϵĿʱǰһƬ״ǽƤڱשϵļʫߡ
ӵɱж£ָչ۱׵۳ǡ
ҫͷһǵڳʱµʫ䣬ںˡ
ֻ׾ڼ䣬ⴥĿģͷһ
ŶЦЦˡ׿躵Сϱͱ˱

ллˡҫϱ˵׿躷Ϊ̴죬ͷЦ˺ÿ͵˵ؿףʣһɩӾˡ
ɩҫϲĻһϱæӦԵЩ⣬δ޴ͣ

ңůҫϸпеļ
Ѽ׿ͬȥҫЩϢ

峿ҫϲҹĿԣһ·żз纮ҹǿȴý
ʱ׿躼һָչ˵ĸɫľȻճյųҫϣ˩һʯͷ׹ӣ׹ӼͨǴ䣬ƽСļΡ
׿躴ȥ˵оգزˣȥЪϢɡ
Ϸҡͷ׿Լ䡣

Ѱˡ̫̫૵
˭׿躲ʡ
ĶӣĵܵܡϷɫЩ⾪̡
˵ʲôԾĸ׿躣ֻԳɫ
躶ǵʹ۵ģǰڱƽǶη棿

׿һС𣿡
׿Ϸʹĵͷҡͷǰһöʯ׹ҪѰֻȥˣû뵽û뵽
˵ҫǣСĶӣ
ըһ㣬׿Ϊ֮ݡ

꣬ԭ˧ݶ뾩˱ƽ֪ԭ˧⸴ٵʵۡʱֻ뾩˵¾ŭɶԭ˧֪֮Ϊ·Ŀͱܲ뾩ھǣڶϣȴԭ˧ɵ̾ͺͿԭ˧ӵǡʵʡЩӣڼﳹҹߣӺдʫǶ³̾ԭѰͬȥŶѰżǲʱ⣬ȴҲѰ˻СʱﻹᣬʲôֵþǶзʱ˶ҷʱ֪ԭϲϾС𣬻Ǹԭýңεȵŷ࣬ݵô˵ȵ£̴ٺȣҲֹͬС罺ᡣЩʱǵƬΪ»üִֹ࣬ºȽơǹ£ֹ߳ʹֵܶ˳޷ٹ̷ȻȥѰԭ˧ԭۣҪ뾩ϱ뿪˾ǡڣԭ˧ǻƵۣΪԪ˧ֻ뾩ֽ׷ϣһ·ĵûлϼңȻȥ˶ã˵ڶʦԭӾ棬ҲһӦ칲ͣҪƽҪơʱ̶ƣھǣȥ˶أ
ȻЦʷһҵϷ۽βƵĲɣ׿ͷһ
ǣӻ˵һЩǶδ档˵СΪڻɱԭ˧մ̳Ի磬ǷͣͶͽԷͬСʳպ󣬲ŷҵѾ뾩

ǵģŮӵǷ糾еŮӡϸȻͬЩԭĿ뾩ԶȥԼȴԭ˧ҪɱȴᡣоԺܶ࣬˵ȡԭ˧ͶӲŻ˵ø˵˾ɷڼͬؾҪΪ檡һμ˵еĺ꾫֮Ů˼Բλ࣬úֽСɫۣ˺ãһѩһüĿã˵ģĿ⣬羪裬ԣġĸ࣬šҹ˵Ĺ⡣ε˵ԭ˧ʣѰȴδ졣ʱǺޣҲû˵ҶھԹۡŮ˾ʹټʱ˰ʬ壬ʱϾʹöʯ׹˺иˣش˧£Ѱǣ˵СŹ¡βգ˵岻ףҲ»֤⺢˾ͱ˺ȥ⺢ӣѰ˻̫񣬾ȴ󼲣ͬһģǹﴫȥĲ



64Ѱ3 
 
 
ѹ֣ѹ֡׿૵Ѱ˼š
ЩΪ˶ܱѰԭɱ˲ˡ
ѹã֮񡣡
ţǵĹ⣿׿ʡ
Ϸ˺ͷԷ֮ˣ곡ϷУǣǱֽϵͼƬ¶顣Ѱѩҹ˵Ķӡʵĸδǲţֻǣ޲ãСͼ

ͼ֮ˣȴ˸߹֮¡׿˵ˡ
ǰҵֺڣ˵ǶԲס£ҲСôǶˣ̫Щ
²׷δô£׿ʣϷһۻȻ
ǵԼ£裿׿Ȱ
㣬ǳӣңɡϷ˵

ҫͷĿѣоԼǿɬҩࡣ
ĿҡͷҩףŲ֪ʱİƾҪյƷӺݺݸƨϡ
伲ҽ֣庢һ㣬ůůġ
ͷ򢣬ҩ룬ɬŲʣһֻֿɡģпգеϸҲϸǰ˼ҹ뵽Ҳò˰ɡ

׿磬£ˣǣҫϼѵʣҪ֧
׿躰ͷ˵ˡ
ҫϾȻȴҩ룬ʣ
ˣ
δ䣬ҫϾҪ´ȴ׿躰סͷиӴ㡣
ҫֹͣŵ׿躵ۣĿׯأƽ͸ԿܵϡǣȴͣסȻ滺ĿЦЦ˵ҩӺˣٻ֪ࡣ

ҫһʧ䣬Ȼ׿躣ʳһˮᷴջ䡣
ҫڴϣɬڵĿҩںͷǿþòɢһڳݼռܡ
㱼䣬ڼʱܻ󼸿ǿ飬ߣʵϲǵζǶȴѹסпɬοǵеġ뵽Щǣһ˿ǣң룬֪ھƵİˣ

ǶԼʧ޴룬Įİɡѹ˲һС
Ժ˯£ƣߣͷȥƵƵ伸ıʡ
գڻӽһŷƽƵǰЦӯӯ˵Darcyģõģһ£ǱߵǮѾף㡣಻٣һϢڹڵв㣬ҰǷǮȥձĻͷ¡

ЦЦŷĿһۣ˵лˣ
Ǯ㲻ġҽмȾ˿ϿͶʣעʽҸһɶɡҰ˭ɲǸɣڻȻ˵̸Цġ
ЦԵѽһֹ
˲Ϊ𡣾ЧңҲҶѽذʶΣȻȥãΪϥ޶ҪϣҪĵźպΪҵеӤδѷɫ㣬ӿ񾡹ˣ㻹ûҶΪ㲻ֵߣڻͶʲǴδζȲʤȯ׬Ǯ׬ض⡣Ҳ⣬ǼҲ⣬磬õԼĺôʽպ״һбš
ָŪһ仨ƿСգɫģ͸Щصɫʡ
ȴԳԥβס壬µĵһ㣬һţеһģֻ;̱΢죬˵⣬Ҳòʧ
ӸǿЦҲˣհ㿴ᡣ㲻ҲѰñֻΪϧ
һתְִóƬͱֽڳҫϵǰ˵̣̽Ǯ渶ˣҪҡ롣
ЦˣûӸȤָǧˣȻؽ
ˬʵӦǸȻͣٲǱͣ

Ҽǵˡ˵չƬ˽ɫ˵ˡˣ֪Ķϴ󶼶̣λ켫һʱľС𡣲ǿʼϷǺվ飬Ӣ˺ҵİһйȻйӢ˹¶ɯʿʽı磬ǳʱ¡ųлĻʱҴᡣûСԽѿȫ뾩һٵԭĸ٣Сụ̂ҲǸʦʦˮ̵֮ԭɹйһңҲϧӢţԭɱˣԣС͸ҡ
 


65˧
 
 
˵е뾩ǣ˴ֿܾĥһλձȥ´ͨŵԱȫºŷԼǻˡ̻ʦϣͬžۣȥңִ̫̫ϣ͸Զԧ졣Żصʦ̾Ͳ¶ǡСºʱ̹ˣиһλŸٽĸӶ˺;޿ҹȥ룬λһֱ̰СòС𣬱ƵСüͱɱµĺӺǮҲûͻضͲȥˡ̽粻飬ҵûĹδ档̽˲֤˵λ½ʿӵ˵һͰ𣬿ʼңھָᣬڵ⣬ͷǶһָ쵱
ЦĿ񣬲˵һƬȴ졣
Ĺ£ԶеӤλɫĵĸ٣͸ذˡ
һȥ͵ַȥȥҷǲͬȥѰסʮǰϣʮΣھôҪжҲԹȥιǣȻȥޣΣǰɡԼҵͽɽҪģǼ£Ҫԩ衣ĳȰǹУԳЦ˵Ůͷʶ̣Īȥ
ҫϾĽǵϴ뻳Улﳤȥձȥӱ߶˻ǵĺˮХǷǻڵ̰ˣأ
ҹȵôȥкȻͷһҪѰַе˼ңãҲҪԼļңҳͬĸֳͽ㣬Ѫףļ塣
ڳ嶯ʱܻ᲻һУҲ˼ǰ󣬲֪ΪΣ;ֱѰ
ԸԳҵլԺҵĴϡ
Ǵɩϸ
˵䣬ⴲƤӸСֵȸϰɡ׿˵ơ
ӣǵɽĺƤƵģġôøˣŮ˵
--׿躵͵͵
ҫϱսۣǷԼ£ȴ٣ȴüƽ

͵͵ĺ
˯¡
ҫϸоһ˿˷ߣֲڵֻգǰķϸŪͣͷϣҭ˵񣬹Ȼһģ
ԹֵĪŵǴİ취ưɡ׿飬ȴֹסŮѯʵ˳鷿

ȻȻ!
ҫͷһ󼤶Ī
ȴһűֽŵȥϡ
ȥʰϵıֽһǴ׿ڴʱġ
ֽ˳ȥԱߵľϣžֵ˲䣬һĿı򡰷ձעʣǽʽơ
ǰһɹ⣬νձעʣӹܽ󣬽ģôձ˴ʱҪעʣˣֻҪջڽ漴ɡܣǲھƵ껹˯̤ʵ·ĪĸСΪ¶ȴµֺͽľڣҲְ

峿׿鷿ʱ徲
ı죬źƤӾ͸档
ﾡޣȥۣƴй
һŰɫż㣬кõĥŨ͸̹󣬱պıʸһԣʱǧԣȴδһ֣ôϢȥˡ

󷹵˳ҫա
ĴѰңۼ˰뼱ȹأȴĪ
ǷҪĸ籨飬·ǾˣΪ
ŵҡͷֹ٣ٲѽҲ˵֪Ϊʲôʧ٣³ү֪߳©ҲĲٵġΪͣЩ깻ˡ

ҫߵţ˵һǺʱҫϣҫϿйʲôͻ̸һ£ҫϿɻʲôˣйʲôҺ
£ֹﺬ
ⲽǰ˴ľɫ˵ҲãȻλ֪ٵ䣬ôǾͲڴȥǱܣֲ֪ȥ򣬽ġ֡ҪſڳԷģһȺԹ߿ǾͻԼѰǷҧ˶еġɢ˰ɣƽضȥȥʱүӲ٣һŭ֮Ƕֶ۾ҪˡλֵܷģһΪλ˵顣λҲ֪ܳէؼҺã˵ķ޵úܡ

ٺ˿µЦתͿʱҫϵѾɫȻ˽
٣ʵڲ֪ٵ䡣֪ٵģҪ£˭Ҳסճ죬ȥƾƣȵôڻӱ߷󺰣ձˣЩץȥӡ
ôҹȥɽͷȻƣͬǺ꾫һƵ𣿡żá

ģԼȥȵô˴
Ϊʲô
á죬รȥһˣһŮˡ

ܵĿɨʱЩĦȭƵĽ꣬ȴܵĿµ˵ڷˣǡҲѣԼٳȥ
ĸڷˣǸ͡ס㡯ĻȥձŮˣܺȻ𣬸֡

66
 
 
òϲձŮˣ˼ҶӣﻢүͶ˰ɣСӲ²⣬һƴһƨ
ָ㣬סҡͷҫȥȻǶͬλڷѵʲôϵ
ȥԼλڷˣܷԸ˷롣

ڶգܻһװȥڷˣ룬ûҪжˡܲܵҹζࡣ
˾Ƶ꣬ӭ泵ˮĻưǰСߺϡ
һˮǡƤЬΣȥһЬЬͯСţסһؽֽкıͯ˷ݱֵֽݸ˵٣Ǳͯߺȣʲôͷţǿɽ
ܽӹֽͷһĿıȻۣȻձһ̻ͶʿطҪͻйȨһͳϺձ˽Ҳ˲˵Ҫͬձ˾ߣǷ쵱ձн󿪲Ȩ

ﰵв뵢鼸գͻ䡣ɵȳҫϹľѳۡ
ܵԸ룺ѽҸڷ˵绰ǸҲȥˡ⣬ҵҵķ¡
һۣΪѵˬԼǲðɣ˵ڷ֪ٵأ
ҡͷ˵бȳҫϸҪ¡

ƵʮλҫϵźͷĿ˵ͷ˺üĿǲ
˵˵˵ɡʧ٣ǵжˡΰŵģ
ܵĿ򰢱롣
ԻᰲţǵѰٻɡ˵
Ѱ˵㣡ܺЦ𸴡
Ц˵٣Ƕǣȵģһ֪ʲôôŵģֲٶĻ׳档
Ц˸ͣѽô룬ҲӲ˵ 

ֶܵ漰·ĴѰҳҫϣͬʱҲ¶Ĺעһһƴ
ص󷹵꣬Ž䣬;ϲطֳҫڴ̣߳Ũ
ܼǰ⿪ȥһԣЩ𱸵ʣȥ
ҫе̵ˮ̻Ҹһ飬תе̻Ҹ׾ӭȥһ䣺˭ŵģ
һͷ̻Ҹ״ǽϣһ죬׹ϡӿǶĿɿڴ

ײȡ֣ӵƺף˵˻ҧһڡ
һǰİ룬ȭһȭݺڳҫϣųҫϵ˼Ѫźݺݵս˧ʧ٣ٺ飡
ҫһͷ۵ʨӶݺݵһѾס죬ס˵뺦Ҳǣ˭жģ˭Ĺ
٣٣ҲҲļ˴²šǰȰȴҫϺһ߿ȥʲô£
»Ȼ£ŭɶͷҲ޷ƣȥˣһ䣬˾Ͳˣˣʬ֪ձ˾Ҫɳ̲ȥ
Ҳģɱ֮ƣҪϸͻΪʧΪŴңǲŻġǲźó֣
ȥ㲻Ҫƭң
ҫѸ͵һȭݺţֻǰðľճ
ͻͷݺݵҫϣҧȭֵܶ˱Ťȥһ߲ƻã˫۷Ҳ¡ֱ򵽵̺Ϲȥѹңһñ˴˱ף˺ۣȴСŲͣĶ

ڴ򵽾ƣߣϢģڵ̺촭
ҫϱ۷㣬ˣ㼱ʲôҪǣҪǣи̣үӣҡؾ
ɬĴʹһǣȧǣѵ㣬㲻Ƕֵô죿ȺףЩƦĴ£ձҪ󣬴ʱĪǰ첻ɲ£ү𣿡
ҫϢƿԣܷЦһƭү˵ⲻǶµյ֮ơ֪ͲùȻصһܿϷү׷Ŵ򹷵ĴϷ
ҫյ¶Ц䲻ԾһʳѹϣһŤϥǶסۣ˫ֲܴۡͱҫѹסֻǳͲͷСӹүˡ춼û˯á
Ҳȥ˦ȥϵĳҫȴһЦ˱һ˫һֻؿϷˣе
ҲֻһȥĿšŤӣ

֪޷ѣܷȻصʲôúˣ
ҲǺúСˡʱС˱ʹ졣ҫϵ˵ôã϶Ҫ湦㷭áصүٲ˺úý㡣⵱ĸýЩʲôأʲô㶼ῴǣͣ⵱ﲻѽ
ҫϹЦܣܲͷԶԶģСүûͬˣССүŭͷ
ҫѹϣͷЩӲȴ
һ⿪ܵĳԽۣĵĿ۶˼Ц̾Ϣ˵ǻӸƾʲôСؤأ
ʳָȥĨȥܴߵѪգյܻæͷܣҶүһë֮أ
Ҳ㣬ֻѵ㣡ָӣšʱүӷԸңСܲǲܹ̣ܽ򣡺ݺݵش򣡡
һ䣬Ʒܵӣһžݴһ١
ˮ㣬ŤڣȣǰϷŪĶž¡˺ɤŴֹҫϣ쵰үôʰ㣡

ֹһӣߵţҫϳȥͬＸ䣬ʹطԸ˵ҵӣͻү͹ȥ¥硣
ת˵ȥɽͷͻˣڷīǳˡ㻻ɾƯ·ȥһϷ
˵ҫϣ£Ŀͬģϣɡ˶֣Ҳͬ
ȥֱ˵ҫں˵ͬȥϸ˶࣬˵Ҫү¶

 


67ͻ
 
⼸ɱ֮ƲҲ˰ɣʣƺҫϵ
ҫЦˣ߶Ｘ䣬תȥ

Ǵֶأôݼңҫһ¥ȲͻĶ׷ʡᣬðװ׾ЩͣȴβסʱķΡֻһЦǾᣬ˳ͻʦүҡ
үӲʣͣĳдλүҡѴȺǺЦš

ҫϺȰһѾ˦ȥһʣ˲ڣҪ㡣ԴǴֶ𣿡
ܻλξ˵ԽĶҪӺ۳治סҲ֪кθ߼ѽ
Ŷ߼̸ϣǷǰүӵ˼ˣﳷʾǡ
ǽɽʯͷҪߣѽϣҪöٳƤᶨѽЦʱǷᳶʡ
ܺžƣ¶ؿʣʯͷҪʲôǧܾ͸ʯͷɣҵ˵ܻ𣿻ȥĵأЩ˵ļСҪɣ
ܵɫ㶣ЩԾܣҲλٿ۵÷ɵ
죡ҫϺǳ⣬ȴӣһ½¶ϴõǱǹ˵ұ죡ҫʲôϵǹҵǹ˵˵ҵĻѽܵɸ۴󺰴С

쵰ҫϴǰһץסܵЪ˹غСþˣڶͷҿ빵£ҴֶӵĵҳҫϿɲ㣡飡һǹ죬ıڵŰ崰߷ɣǹʵͻǹӿ룬ڶǹڶ׼ˣѻȸ
ҵ˵ˣҪǮҪʯͷʯͷȥʲôŴƺû˫Ľš
ô£ҫʣҲΪ⣬ԭǹΪŵĺ磬ȴΪçࡱԭļƻ˿εЦţȴݣ⣬һݣȻһҲδɡȴţˣӵˡ
ǹ𣬼޳棺үˣǰΧˡ˵Ƕģ֪Ĳֵģ˻ǹء
ҫһŭȻӵģҲ۸ǡȥҺ˧淢ȥȥĸֵģ
չȥȰϣ٣һ²һ£ıҰǺ˧Ҳ޿κεģ߰ɡ

صƵ꣬ҫŪһ飬Ųĺ޵̺ڷǻ
˵ƣϸ񲻿¶棬Ҫնɱˡ񣬰ŵû۵ġ
ҫϳȥɳ컨壬Ŀ䡣
ܡ˵ܻ
ҫ컨˵죬ҴһӵֽɽϰͰﲻҵϢ죬ûϢȥƽϢ㣬ʹȥˡ

¾𣿡ܲʣһԮӦõģֻȥ̫ðա
ҪӦϲźáǱȥѰڽֵܣûбҪġ
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ԣҫ϶Ȼǿĳ֣Ҿ֣ͬиʧүǱ޷
ϸأиʧȥүӽܼڳҫɳִ
ҫЩ󲻽⣬ǲЦܣ£иʧҲ㱨үиˡ㣬չЩʡ
Ĭһĳϸ£ָӴ֣ȥ
ҫϼ֣˵ִҵĻ㶼£Ϻȥ
УǵڣҲȥǰ¡ܾò
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ҫдΣַֻеݵǰΪѵܣһ
ԥ֣֣վѡֵΡ
ҫϹ˵򿪿
ȴסǸ˵ĶǺˣŵġϸ롣
ҫһȴȻһЦ˵Ǹ㿴еΡ
ȥϵһѽȥ˵ϸܸðĵĿ˰ɡ
һоڲУҫϲܵǺοࣿ
Сͷ˵һͬһ£һˡ
ҫϱȴۿǻͷܾȻΣԸн̲̽ա

Ϊֹ֦ڣҫϽɽͼڵϣ̺һ㣬һĽ͸ϸһһϸڡžսǰྲš

ҹĻʱϸӳҫϽɽ
Ȼһ󼱴ٵĽŲŽǰ롣
٣δ˯ѽǱ߳ˣϲַˣͽ»ҽԺȣգΣˡŵ˵һȡϴ·ȥ
æʣȥ
˵ȥˣǸҽԺ˿ģض࣬ҹô㷿Ҫڸǰźʺ˵үƤЩġ
ܲüֻ֣˵̥Ĳͺͱ˲һܺһˡ
ͻᣬ˭ȥ̸ʡ
Ц˵ǣٲڣһ˰ɡ

ðһ·ƹɽ󹵡

һձָ꣬ߵһһ£΢ģϸ񳶸ɤŴŹ˵Զڶ˵ϸ縮Ĵϲ£ʮɶĴСӴͥڹƨϴ̸ѽһֶȻǱãɽҲˡ

ܰŪǩ죬Ĳ˵ơ֮֮£ҸϲܲٺĹݣֹʱײϣӣ
 

68ǹ 
 
 
ϸʼδεЦЦⶼκͺɣںӱߣˮˮǳ׳㡣ʱֺҲЩϾϽں档ѳ˵ѽǿѹͷߡ
룬ϸ˵ֱӣǷ٣ó⻰Żȴϸ˵˾ǷͷĶߣ죬Ҳﲻ𡣺˧ôӣ٣ʮһըҩ͸ȥˡЩСˣܱʲôѽձҪֻķݡ

˼״ȻǳЦǩָһȴȵزȥܵĻɵܳէⲻ֪֮ҫȾ;вܾΪѴ׮ϵĹأֵֽԼֻЩΪݡҪʳ󣬵ǼҸͬϰ̸׵ģʼҲǺϰʣձΣϲҲ򽻵

٣ȴǻдӲɫ̩Ȼݣ͸ְѧһ˼çײȻҵᣬֻ½Ƕͷ಻֪ˮˮǳҴͱǼѶԸ֮ˡϸԸǺߡ
ϸϾı㣬ͷҡҡһΪѵǲװɡϽͶʽҲϸЩͻ޵׶ǮҲίʵĻ˲ԩǮͬ˺ЩҲܱѪ޹Ҫá
ŶһʣһǶ䣬ԱߵĺӽһСģ
˱ؿƬĽȴ䲻ܽż΢ǱǴŷɻУ˾㵵Ŀⲻջأһ˵ҲãҲáѣձϰ廹ΪѡˣǡǰЩʱ׶ҲнϲվͰѰٷ֮ʮĿȨ׶ˡ

ϸſڣŵʣֶӣЦɣ
ǼҸķԸЩʱСͷβǽҪͬձ˺ʵ£Ҹд˳̫Զϴ㣬в㡣
ôԣϸɫ˹Ц˵ֶֺǡǲ֪ؽĹأ˾Ľ󲻵ø׶ëӿɣȻǸԶȥҶѽǸǻ˵ձ𣿡

֣صعָǣŶܵˡܻȥҸ
ܳձӭչۣǰһ̲ɰԽΧں̲͡ʵ˶ԡɽɫļں̲߶Ȼϴɳ׳ۡ
ϸЦе˵٣ȻˣͲ̲ɡСסա
Χʮδ󺺣Ľɲһƽ

ҪʲôӾһǹȴǹѱɽʱȥ
ٶգүӶٻظȥϸЦԤı
ܿЦҡͷ˵Ҿϵϰ᲻ߣǺǡ
ЦݶʱסʱЦݿϸ;ǰһӰƱգѸȻǰһƮڽʮ֪꣬ȴ벻ܵԾȴͱһɨʹ˫أͷһֻǯĶȻŤתӣһֻֿȥ䣬ٶֵֵȴֻ⼸룬·ֶָԾ˫̣һ־ҪԷ
ﰵвһ͵ϸĶںͷȣĹ
ءϸ͹
ָ϶еİǩǷǩԴ͸ĺͷ˭ϵСֽһ㡣

ꡱһһ׹أɴƬżһһһץֵĹ򣬷ĴƬϸĲϣǰǹ߹
ţ¡ϸ˵ɴ۾·Ҫۿ
ܵЦۼЩ˽ǹڵϣ˹

ˣڶ죬ᣬͶȻбȥɽɽȥȥǲɽҰǣеǮҵӺ˧һƤ˹еˣԼ˲ǮЩΧɽĺˣǴ´ġģѹ·ͷ׽ȥģɽĺ˽һִֻȥ
СЩеĴһ
ǹҪ׼ȴһǹϸһתһѪĽ
˾Ŀɿڴ

ǹңͱ۳ܣܺݺϸ󺰣ǹǹҪСӣ
ǧһ֮ʣǹɽҰ

̲ﶼڳĽɫƯһɹѪѪһĨں̲ôȻ
Ӵܹ˵٣˲𣬺Ҫͷ㵱ʦˡǹôôãѧģ
ЩЦԸֽЩȥʰǲܾ
ѰС磬ǰæءػĽӣĽɰӣѰˣ׳ءϸǮƱˣеԪѰˣǵĳߡ
Ļ౼ܣÿȥ
ڳϻͷŨŨĺ𣬴ܡ

ط죬ÿһٴһҽɽģӡ顢帣ǶͷŹһصˣÿ˶ܷԸ˸ߺ
ͲĵĿ˶ļ󳵽ͽɰϺǹʵıʿ֡·ؿܻλκ˧֤ͨ˵Щ˾ɽ鳤ġ

 

69ǰ
 
 
̷֮СԵĺֱ壬ݣϲԽ˵٣湦үһνġ
ܸϣֻЦЦΪŲǮȥȴ罯Σȴò

ܸ磬ΪʲôɱϸЩѽӲʣֻᣬƽϸͻᣬеĳҫϵѾͶأֻڳǰһм
ҡͷһЦûѪ𡣡
ǲͬġٵֺݣûٵĶ¶ڣһնɱһ˵ĴǸԼȥȡ֮ǰǴԼϸ񵽿ɽ̸̸ףʹѹƽһڲ鷳

ӣӺٺЦ˵һЩԽͣ˭˵ءǣڣǾûˡжٵĿԪߡ
٣պӸٻɣȥʱӲ˵Ϊӣܴȥֵú˵
ɦɦͷ˵ԶͶء
أ㲻ãʡ
٣ȻãµʱٴͿǳµģǷ˴ҲǷײϵġү񣡡С˵һ㡣

¡¡һСɽضɽҡ
ĽвãæֵԵΡ
ߺԶɽձͻĺԮԭдں棬Ƶġ
һ˱Ĵϣȥ·ó涣ҧ
ҡǰñޱŪ򢶺˵ϣض٣Ӣۣүɱˡѽ죬ҪүѩޣǧеƣҴ飡
»춯ء

ߵǰգŴͷСֵܣ˻ܸɣжӣӵĵܵܣҲǸӣ˶ƿڴ
պͶӣܴ󺰣ɱңŹǣ
еţ⵶ڰϹβ䣬˵ôСӣȸأ
µ˾ͷشЦϷŪţ˵ӸĸͬĵڰʱʱµǻԱߵǹͣƺȴſɿζŴ󾪿ֵ죬Ť˫̱ŵû˹ȥ

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ƣıۣǰĸ׵Цݣ㣻ͷİ棻ͷϵֻзֱʱ̣žǹĴԴôɰ˶İ˵ȡ
Ȼ䣬һϤ͵͵˵үңӦү
һۣ»һƬұܣֱҲ巽ܾͱҫߵλСȥһƬ֣ƴܣӵĽкСʱһཱུĻǹɨͻͷһƬ𺣣ڻȼҹա
УǵˣܽػңþҪأһסţ٣çײɴ¹˴־ͱҪˣЩֵܵĸܷġ
Ѫȡ̡һĻĻһ׮׮޷ܣڵļճɽȥͷֻĻ⡣

ʤˣⳡʤ󹦳ܣϸ񣬷ͻ᲻װܱӻױˣһǹͻҲ£Դͻ᲻ڡ
ڰƴǽٳ鲻Ȼֽϴ֤ʱ龰ɱݻֻǽ󱻷⣬Ƹϯһա

ڼҫϣֵܶط꣬ȥһ
˵ΪʲôңһЩҾͱɱˡ
ҫ˵źľʧȥ֣ûӶġ˵óһţֽǰȻЦһѶд׵飬ΪֹԼѳڶҫϻᱻ𱸹Ϊҫϱ⣬Ȱƴҫ˽ܣƴĸ׺档
ֵӶЦ

ʽͨȥҫðдһֻضѺͽɰֻһ̵ƺ׼ǲɢرƽ
ϣڣ˱ǡҫʹžƱҫ˵СʱҾظһԡЦȫ¶Цҿޣ˶ҪɥǲҲҪүӷޡҴСֻ֪һӣǼıҽСòʱҹʱʱȥԼȴֻ֪ǲܺѹĿޣҿ޵õضɽҡǶֽšҹҵĴǵĸ첲ڻĺ壬ֱҲҡ

ҫ͵ĿжЦ⣬õʱ⣬ͳһСУһʱľ綾ҩλڳҫУǱб档
꣬ҷ鷿ĳ룬ҵСӣǿɰҺش򿪣һһСӣҾһţΪǶš
ܾõɴۣҫϲͷöӾҪŽе˲䣬һӣӣöҴš˭ҶĶŻˣͷһμôףýߴ򣬴Һۣڼͷ¥һ·ȥ¥£ߴҾĿޣһᱻ޵ҶʡΪ˶˶ٱӣҲ֪Ǹǹ͢ľ綾ǺӣЦ

ϸ磬ˣǵҡ
ҫϴĻϺ˵ղغá
óԿ׵ݸ˵ⷿиֺżӣҵıʼǣȥҵͻϤġ
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¡¡һ죬¥嶼ڲ
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⻰ȴҲüĭãСձǷͲ㣻ᣬʵˡһ֡

һЦ̸˶ȻƵȥŲǰڻԼ˵
ֻҫڻķԸȥҹ뿪졣죬ûл𳵻ͨС
ڻӳ߶ǴУ˽ȥӪȥأ֪ǲͶսˣ
ѽǸģ߰ɣӳһܾߡ
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һѾסҫϣʹֽؿĿԣ˵үĶ㣬ҿóиôԭκˡһ
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òСձӪˮŸ˰ɣ
Ǻմӵķɻȥյըѽ
ƨûǹҧҲҪѹյıӶҧ
׵Ļ֣ܺȻҫ˵Ϊ˷ֹʿҹܣ˯ʱҪѾӣ·ǹһġҲֹЦ˵һ͵Ϯæҵʿ壬жӵĳޡҫϵ٩ʱǻôаһۺЦ綾̰˹ġ£ɫ·侳һ㣬͸˷ܡ

ֻܶԱӪĶֲǣңĪǴֲСձڱˣ
ĿĴͷӪ飺ֵǣʹ˱үүȥԮӪֵܰɣ
ܺԥӦһ䣺Ҳã
ҫȴУԣΥҪǻȥ鳤
ô£ӾǱģɱſˣȥƴܱҪã
֪ʧ̬ķ£Ъ˹㣬ҫϸǲʾ˵㻹˵㣿
˵㣬ձƣܲ𣿡
ҫϳĬ漴ܣȥ㣬ڣͷȥվһ·ͣ˷˭Ҳ߲ˣ
·СձӮˣ֪Ƕʮʮأ˧мʮϻɻϣ¹ǵĵǶһСձضȥ
Ϊ׵ӪٺٴЦԸ˿ǹǹţɳ۱ȥڻս

ҫϼֱǻԶܴʣ㲻ðգ
֮£ߣͬ޹أ
Ҫһ𣡡ܺȻ˵֪ǲǶóҫϲͷЦҡͷ
ǰ޺еĳ¶岻档
ҫϼ޷н³ʣСʯͷ𣿶Ǵģ
ҫϵɴۣǺǵ̳Բֹ΢죬ȴ¶ſ־ɫУǷӣִҪ¡¡ǰȥۺӵȰ裬סƥıӡ

٣ܵǴӦ鳤¶ʮձѾӴرƽȥҹǾʮˣٵ飬
٣߰ɣ˵òߣǻлΣѽиʧүѽӾͲʧˣҲ޷赲ҫϽɥʧǵִִš
ҫϣϸ磬˵̫ң뿪ɡȰҫȴء
ҫϣܻǳ⣺ָӹ٣еĽ˧Щʲô֪Ⱥ׵Ľʲô
ұ죬𣿺ѽ˴ߣ˭ҪˣȥظүҲϡ
ҧֱҫȴƿܵ޷˵ǰ
ҫϣһȣҫϲٴ
˳ֶľݺҫϵĺԡ
٣˾С
ҫסתŭĿӣȴӻλεء

棬ڻ̺󣬷ϳľԫϱڡ
ҫǽ硣ҲܾͬݳرȥǻǣƵĵطǷ潹
ǿһյĴʯըأǰͥԺڣֻʣߡʯСҲûԺ䡣ϷˣͻݵĴɩ
ҫϱͷһᣬǷһǳһŵİǿשʯѰңţ磬ɩ

صѰԼҵĲھֹͣĿҫϣҫޣͣ£ǣѽ
ƴְǿשͷһʹ纣ˮһСձӴˣɻըֿһǹһڡ
ϰ˰ʲôܿһԺءʹ
ңûˣ
ûˣǹҲҪûˣձǵľڳ롣
ܰɣܣ
ûë²Σ䣬Ӹѽ
 


71ƽ


̾һƬҫȴпһƤëҰɫҳȴʶáСĽذǿѹƤëһǣҫһƿݺݵشҪʲôˣ
ܼҫɥʧǣ֪һ˵׶ԳҫϺεҪҫЪ˹ǰһŲשߣϸ¶ǿƤ·һѹש˵壬ôʮָڵָðѪ㶶һźƤӡ
ӣҫϱڻʹʧӣӶ㵵Ŀɿڴ

ûʬ壬Ǻ¡𣬾ȥˡЩ˴ϢǱֻͣҪƽҵġܿοȰһԵĺӡ
ĳҫϵĺ󱳣¹ϣͷʹޣҲΧһƬȾñ§סҫڻʡ

λСǰס׿ҵλ˰ɣһλɩӹĵʣ۾߸ߵģѳǿЦ
ҫʱֹס
׿ҵھӡ𼱣һ磬׿ϼţʲô飬һ˼ҴʰƱȥˡⲻԿ׶ˣ˭顣

ҫţ۾׷ʣɩ˵Ҹ磬׿磬һһϼȥɩ󿫿ֵͷ̾ţһˣˡҵĴүǰŴӹŮ̽׻ôըˡ
һڷҫϱҵĺƤóֽͬǴɩжɩ׿磬鷳ַдǵøдš
ܼҫΪЦ红ӰЦһߵﻹǾóҫϽ¹죬ͬ׿˼أѵ׿иŮҫ⻨ǣҶǣҿҲǻĪ

Χ˻޻Сô۸ڼſ£ûˣ
˧ȥ˱ƽͬȥӣƲʮˣǻ޻ٸнҫįڷš

ķú˾ϵУ𳵺Хȥ
Էģվ̨Ͽ캰ص˷ӿֱɢǻҵľ棬ܲ޳
ۣһҪģ˴ܱձˣ
˴ʲôǴӶձըѪɣҲ
Ϭмĵ٩ķйգҲֻʣˡ
¡¡ѹɢ

ƽһС
ɵգ΢磬·˵ͷУΣ
ҫȥΪ˲ɹƷⱨͯıܽ⣬⣬ձں챱Ӫ˧ֿݣͷβܵıͯҡűֽš
ܴʧɫȥһžͿǺȻī֣дšݣ
Ҷ
Һɽ
ֿ̨
ѧжƺƵȴһɢ
һѧܹʱۼֿһѽƽԱߵӣԼסſװǿˣۼӽܹ
ϰһǱ£ձȥѽ޴ѧʲô磡

ͷñڣİƱԿǻգ˵Ҫ̣ǹϼܡ˻سͯҥҡͷ̾
˵˧Ὺɻģķɻֻ˶ӣ˼ձ˵ķɻըըй˵ġ

ߣؾƵȥҫϺԥطԸ˵ǳؾƵꡣ
㣬ʵ壿ʣŭܡΣ˴ն˵ͳ˧ʲô 
ҫһ飬ȻЦ̸ѽׯгĿżѽʣ϶սδݡǴҼȥɽץϹӵĹ¡ʵû˹ûʣ豹棬ˡֻһһˣһɹ
ٿҫϣӣ޾

صƵ꣬ҫϵɳ쳤һɿ˵򿪴ôôƣ
ȥ֣ôԼȡ
ȣҫ˵Ҵë
ܲҫϿ˵ܣæ췦ûģҸϴŶС
ϢʹӣüͷٲȻǵ˲

ôˣӻţȥϴΪëݸʱҫһѽӹëչϣĺ
ëһǣһֻһӣ֣ˡ
ųΪˮݵ˵ȿˮɡ
Բģ鲻Խȥ̽ͷȷʵЩ֡
㲡ˣȥС˵ȴҫһסҡͷ˵ë¶ҩƬøҡ
æĻȥҩҫ¡
ܣȥһ±ƽĻ嵥Ҹ㡣ǣѺϳ󡣽˾ŵרǻض

ȰٻصƵ꣬ȴһڳҫϷҡͷ̾
٣ɻˣϸ粡ˡ
ͷ̵¯ӣ˵أˡϸ²Ҫģôﷸأ½ŵӣܴսǰȻҫһʹ࣬üͷ壬ӡ÷ɫܻҫϷ˵籨㣬ãã
˵ɡ
ôѽԭҪ·ģⱩѽ
˵ڷֵ磬Ȼ˲Сˡ
ǻأӶڻĽӺͽɰﵢ飬ѾޣүǱ߽ȥġ
ܡҫϿˣ촽Ұף΢˵ⲡë£Ǳϳ̼͵ˡ

вУӣôô죿ôƽġ
ޣô㵣ţ
ʲôٵҪ
һʱһ˳һţ뾾һСֵСӵĲ죬һݺݵ˵СӴʲô˼ͿүȥͲ빵ˣǵ˭ϵġ
˱ˡҫϲͷҿͦ

Ҳܼͦᶨվ˵ѺҴѺһˡ
סֹͣܡ
ԣҫϼ񶨣Ҫ㲻֪ģ׺ܿءСӣëڣֳǵ¶ͳ޷ˡҫϵĻĳܸж
Ҳǳé®Сӣ˵˵ʱѾãȻ·߹Щ裬ʱȥҲϸסҫϵÿνܣÿϸڡ

ҫЩɣЩɫʡ
˴ߴٵ٣鲻ˡ
ҫһҧ˵Ǻã
Ҳ˵ϵʹҪɴ£ʹǰɱķں
ҫϲģڴǰ¼ΨٵհԷȥʥҽԺȥסԺ

վܿããҹꡣҪؼˣѩ֪ˣĸڼһʹڰɣǷЦͭãĿ¾ǰɫľﱼȥ



72ϴצ
 
 
عݡ
ܵʤسϢֶߣһն칦磬õĴԴ򿪡
ѺضǶܣҫϲԱƽǣ˴Ϣ
ֻǫѷضԸ׽ųҫϵ¼Ÿ׽Ŀ⣬ܽеСӵݻ˵ҩûϣϸԵ޶ˡ
ϴͷ˵ɵСӣʲôô˵ûޣȻҪЩϸʦˣʦͽŽˡ
ܾǲĿǺɣƺһ˲̡

ϴЦˣУһöҩѸײڶȥ
ܾϴȴЦͷ˵ʴʮ꣬׶׳׳֪˲⡭
ϴܿܵĿ⣬ҧƫĵġЦҡͷһҩȥ
ܾҫǱߡϳҩˡôҩˣý͸ϸ֪ΪʲôҪҩԵ

ϴ˵ǳСӾͰԸиʲôóԵģ𲻿ġ
һȥͰ˵ӣ͸ʲô

ŻȻҩܣˣ࣬ͬ׺ȾŷļšƷѼϣͻֱȻ˵Сӣû㣬¶ˡûҦҶ춼Ʋȥˣ˵÷µˣع鱾þͲףСӣż¾㷭ˡ

ϴ֪Լδ˯ȥǰҹ
鲻ԽȥԱ߷˯ܣܲŪΪϼӡҲǴҹˣʹǷȥϴù̵ëȰ;ú
ӸǸͷ֣ؿóȥ󲱾ɦţԽɦԽ죬ɺС
ȴĸ׵ķСдﲻ˼ҾҪ̣ҪҪ
ϴͣס֣ϵʲôƺûͣѾˣٲŮôˣϥ壬ȻͻһȺСѶ˼ֱˡܶƼмΣ𱸰棬ҿ˫ĵӣƼһģһġ

ϴ󽫸ӲڲӺ󣬴䷿֮ĸš
ĸ׵ķΧϼΧӵ̫̫Ϳֲֹ档Ѿһԣү
ţϼү̵Ŀһͷ亹ٿ̫̫üĿ§˵ԣ⳵ǽҪеģǲҪȥôѽһȥôҲµʱúӣͽЩʱգǮǸǸʲôʲôʲôѽ಻̸˫ϲšǱӹ
ѾһڿЦ
Ť֣̣˹˹˫ϲ̣šͰҲҲ쿴ҵ˹˹ҾͿҫ³ȥ档ƫģ³µģ˭ѽ

ϴżˣΪ϶˹˹쵽ˣ˵ʲôͰ϶СӵļƾͿˣҲǹһ³ͿҪܼ䲻ɾͺȥʵݵģֻǽʵڷ̲꣬סһ䣬ҹĵ֡
˦ŤӣӣϴЦáСӣɫ˯£˿ߣŮӵȹӣɿֻ㣬˿Ƿǵģֱ˷绯ε˹˹صشӴϷֵ̿ġʱ˯СģƤ׾ϸ˿ֻѩèôôɰٿôǸʮСӣôô̸֪´ݴµܣֱϵˡ

ϴֵȥ˯Ҫ˫ϲšףĶһ̨Ī˵˫ϲͽС˫ϲˡȡ֡
ҪҾҪ˹˹ˣĶһǹıձӴӶϳɥȮһֻأ
ϴһ˵ŭû棬Ǵʱŭɶǰȥӣ²ӣ׼ƨɺݺݳȥȻֻֻžһڶϣʱѻȸˡ꣬泶ɤɱ໵ḷ̡̡́أѽ!ȥ̻̫̫δ§ͶԶ㣬㣬㷢ʲô裡

ϴָ˵ȥ·ٳ¹ڲġҪҪƤ
̣̣溿ţȴ裬ϴȻﲻ̣Żĸ˵Ҳܽ
̫̫һӣҧ㣬Ҵ㣬˭أ
Ӿʹϴϣϴ󡰰ϡһҽ˴Щ򵹣ίʲôѽǹܽԼĶӡ
ҲܽҶӣ̫̫һ
ϴЦãȴùܼͨүүˡ

ҫϹϴ󿴼һۣ˺ܶ࣬ݣɫƣûյݹһǴ󲡳ӡ
ҫϹصĹؿͷ밲ݹ̫̫ͰϴڰʾĿƵĶҫһĥ͸
ҫɤ󣬴ȥĸϥʣţôˣܵܿ޳

̫̫ݺݵϴһ˵СצӸֵצ
ҫϿײӣȻЦȥĸߺȰ
̫̫ҫϵ忡˵úӣίˣĲ²˴̣۲ǰɣȥЪŰɣʡƨɸצӡ
Ѿһڿ̿͸ͷ͵ۿ˳ҫЦ
ҫЦŷɸҴصûϴģȴ˵ƽǸõط֪ܷս𡣡

̫̫̾ҡҡͷ˵ѽһˮı񡣡
Ļû˵ҫһȻͷ
ϴһС˧ѽٻӵе̳Сʹ¾ֹѧҲҪѧķͣؿǺˣ㻹
ҫϲȻ飬̫̫ԲʣƽǱߣôˣ
˵˼壬ȹеͣ档ձѰڵݡ

鷿ϴԸҫϽ
һϣϴӲ󽫸ӳȥϣһóҫսСĽһ۸ףȸ׷͹˵ǶӲ;Բ
ϴֻЦϸı飬ָָǰʾʣʲôҪԵģ
ҫϳɣЦ˵һ·Ͼ̫࣬һһ档
ƣģĽڵ⣬ת
ϴٺһЦԸ˵
ҫϺЦȴ䲻׻һǶݺݳϣ˼ײǽϣȻ䣺



73˲λ
 
 
ʲôҪ˵ģϴһ½ɳϣԱ߿ճɳʾҫϽǰ
ҫʹҭŹеϥ£͵׵˵ǶӲ粻ƫƫؼʱ򲡵ƽ
˵յڿޣίģԭ׾գһһģϴҧԸ̧ͷ

ҫֻһӰһۣҼվʹ˵ɳһ࣬Ǹˡ
˵˵
ҫţʳѪȥϴϥǰţҷɣӵ¡
̫̫Ƿ׷׽Ŀסҫ˵￴ôˣ
߿ޱôô࣬׶ӣСײ

ʲôѽҹģһִһĲʹȥҸطͦʬȥ˵ٻأӱ
ϴͷ컨壬ʳҫϣ죬˵Ͳˣȥˣ
ҫһסĿɨһȦңܡ
ˣһ·˵ûЩ˵¶ֲֻᡣǸɵأ

ҫϴͷţﲻ壬𣺡ǣǶװġ
˴ʧɫĿͶҫϡ

ҫϿᣬ˵ͻ˶ڣʦϮԶɡӾɱ֮߳װȾ˼ͻģϸʮԼ̲棬ɱɱȥ˿߾׽ϸ˭밢ļӶö뿪ļգҪǹƥȥж
̫̫Щ˵ô򣬸ô򣬺ݺݴܶǲʡġȥָӣж϶ɣ

ϴȻҫίģһˮ򻨡⺢Ӵͻ۸ģϴϽЩЦ⣬սҫʣ˲ھƵ꣬ȥˣ
ҫڨڨ˸һۣӦȥС룬򡣡
ʲôȥˣϴһҫϵʹͷתĪүӲʲô
̧ͷ۝

첲ĲˣöɽλƬˮȲŻЩ˻һֱ첲ʹ¥˵ġܱСҩûģ˵ձ˸߼ȥӾҩȥȥȥգ˭룬·ǮҲȥҹﶳڽϣЩ
˾У̫ǿ޵
һ۾СޣѧؼҿһϢĶӣҵĶ庰˾ȥͬӳü񣬶ӲŽҼһ׿˼ҴϣǾҵҵСӣ˵ҳҵˡӵĲˣÿȴҲǼѰо˶һ

˵ҫϹүæӸǡҫϵĿߣΪʲôִŵȥСʲô׿˼ңԭǾˡ

ǣӻ룬طǮл˼ءȥͷֶ˽Ծжˣֻùͷ˭ʮҹձں䱱Ӫ
ǻ׿˼أ̫̫ʡ
ըըûˣҫϺޣ޵ɥ޲ꡣ

̫̫˵ôôأôôءѹ⺢ﲻʹ졣
Ǵɩ˵ǻϼȥܿοҫϡ
ҫҡͷţǣƭңİɡǿƤӣϹı᲻ߵġǳ£ֻҲȥשͷȥûʬ壬Ҳң

̫̫СôôĻأö˶˵ĺ˼ң𣿡
һȻһӣɻըѪȣʬҰġ
̫ŵڵأ§סҫĺ壺úӣúӣޡ
ҫۣԸȥȡİȡ񲼰ѩӰģ򿪣ֽһģһ˲λһ֧ϲΣַǰ˵͵ЩҺڲεģҹŵõ
̫̫§ҫĺ˵ԣúӡˣǧϲεףҪҹϵӣڶȥѰҵġ

ϴǰǧЩŵ˲λͷֲ֪˵
ҫϵͷݺ˼ѣһ䣺ôСˣʲôŴƾͿˡٿޣˡ
ٶ֪Լ˲ҪģСӣиôηĵ£
ҫֹ˵ûҫϣʡЩˡ
ʮ꣬ô㡣û޵Щۡ
ҫųʣΪȥѽ
ϴһæһ˵ȥʲôȥ죬¡
˵ÿڲġ

ҫϴĸΪ̴˵϶ϡأӲ㡣ⲻɵǳӣ㶨³ˡϣɵ治ĵҪݺݴһ١
ҫϲͷȻʣ꣬У˵ҵ

̫Ȼҡҡͷ˵£ʵġʱҲʹȥٲʡ֪ģʱ֪үպʮûӡʱﲻǸѾߣĴɫġﲻģƫϲʹ棬ûְɣ̫̫ĸ˭֪ͻȻŪСûн̫̫Ҳûֻң˵ܲԵįŪ޸档Ҳʹֻ˵·߼ģƯ飬᲻á˭ϵʮûˡ


74 
 
 
ҫϱЩϢ֤ԼڻӿϢ񿴣Ǹûûεġ
̫˵һ꣬꣬ûӣǽʮ˸ȥִģΣǾ˷Է˵ٶӲѹϵĸ磬ҪȥƤǻʱһɧ׽ŪƤ£һӣ˶ĺӣǸ͵СءﶼҪ㣬˭뵽ڷѹֻ˵Ҳûúݴ㡣
̫¼ᣬҫͷǱɵڻ࣬Խˡ

ҹʱҫշתߡţ鷿ŵƹ⡣
Žȥȴſ˯ˣȻûĶ
Žǰ´ڸϣֻúܽϸעǰλʮĸס谮𷣣֣ʹ࣬ʱǰתȥߵţֹסϴһ϶
ҫתӦɻзԸ

ඣ˯ǱߵϢϴȣҫæչȥϥǰΪϴȣӦ˵ҲûʲôϢǶȫܣǻˣʧ֣ޱ֮սҲˡ
ҫϵͷΪ״ȡ
СӣᵽĲǣԼƵģ֪Сϡ
ҫܻˣܵҲҵպҲܴҵ˵鱾ѧģԶϳĹãðؼɡ
ôǺ޵ӹѧɻϴҫЦЦҡȥƽᣬ˵ҫϲȥ

ƨϴƿڴȥʲôȥȭȣôǹڣѧ˰ɻСһ͸ʡʡģûӰ¡
ҫϻͷĵӣϴԼʵ±ǸǮձѧģһӡʹڣϺû뵽Լô磬Ǯ󣬲ӹܣСأѱ֪ϵģֵⲽءǮţСܿЩ
ҫϲ磺ߣǮţĶ˧ձ˵ɵʡТˣ÷ӵҩ
һ仰ڣϴеӺݺƨɳ£۵óҫزҽУƨίŸס
ϴŭõٴһ£Сӣˣ
ҫֻŭƣˣġ
ϴ󽫸ӲزǮûסǶǺҵĵָ̣ĵͷӴأ˵˻ӵĵأպǮ
ҫŸףһЦ
ûõʧΪ˳ɾ֪ܶǵáϴ󻣸ųҫ˵ҫЩԾ״ӲĿֹ
õٴһ£ǵ㡣Сӣôãֶˣ
ҫһŵĲҽС

ϴ̸ͬ£þ𵽳ҫϡ
үܾýҫ̫ˡҫ⻹ܣ¶һ·ˣȥܡ˵ֻͬоɳûоɶ˾٣˼ΨһܽͨĵһΪү룬Ȯѽ
ô˵ĹӺóԺúҡҺˡ
ʦүЦϴһ૵ˣͺã£¡
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ϴ䡣

ЦЦ˵ɲǣһǵءҫϵĿ¥¥ûžɱء
ϴЦ˵ϣ겻ˣڿڼͷҲ򲻶ˡܾ꣬ãᣬȥɡ۲Ĳ

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ԳЦЦ˵Դү׵ıϾͬңϾôʦͽ᲻á
Ҳôһӡ˵ģǰЩûٳƢţ϶ίֻ֪ǣ˭ǶأҲǴӸ˼ҵӹġ㿴̫̫˼ˣʲôʱҲЦδģڵĺѽˡ

ҲЦ
ϷѣСôڹ飬Ǹûع˰ɣ
ϴһʣõЦʧεҡͷ˵Ī⣬ܡãͺһ𷢱۵椺ˣ˶ӣҪֳ÷籨ϣҲȥ׽һŭͶСӵĲ·룬СûǮܸùԹԻܽˡ٣øҡͷ̾

ϴüͷʣǣˣ⺢ӳʲôʲôѽ
ϣʹļ׵Ǹ͵͵дţ˵ʲôڹѧ˼ҲЬϴӵͯȥѣ˵ʲôΪɹʣ߽ԿסҾͺԼܳȥӢѸСץȣȻԹԸȢϱӣϸʮ˸ȥҿȥ

һϴٺٵЦҡͷ˵ͬѽ
Ȼ˵еҵ϶˶ߣһ༸Ȼôȥĵｻ
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣˵ܶСӣҲɸ˵Ұˣ¡һͷȥ򼸸׵ĻƻŮȥȴڽӴ˵

Цǰϣȴ˵үүǣҪң⳦ӶЦˡ
ϴһ۵˭㣬Ʋ߳úãʦүô죬ҷԸ¥ȥɫŮȥЩСӲ
üѣүͲˡ϶Ȣϱﲻ⣬ҲҲˡ٣ҡҡͷ˵δͷšֵûȤӱ˶ȥȥôֵѽ

òϴʱСеſںӭǰ˵ʦүҸȥأ˵иʲôʯ̡Ƭġ
ƨñһ϶ǽû꣬ѰȥúûءתùܼңҲͶе˵СȥʹܼңñϽأٷȥ
ŵе֪ܲ˺£Ŵˡ

üҫڷ飬ĵġڡͷһ齱˵үģӦˡ
ҫЩ⣬ȴ˿ûϲʧ䣬һЦֻĿˣĿǰʮְֻ꣬˵ǰɣ
˶ٳȥøһ
ҫϡŶһ
ѹĿתʧ̬˵ҫѽⰲţô˶ӣΪˣҲΪѽ 
ҫϺͷͷȻЦ˵ʦģҫףлл


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ҫϵķʱɨһ鷿ڣñ߽ĵľ¡
Щ𣿡ʣҫϴߡ
ҫϵͷ
ܵҶԵ˵ˣôȥֵܶϷң뿪ˡ
ҫ̹Ȼشϻʣ˵ү¥ܼȥЩƻŮǵ֡
ܾ㵵ųҫϣƺš
ôû֧㣿֪Ǹ¿Ůȥֱɡ
ĿǸɢӸǻԵЦڵǾϸˣǸ磬ҪչСˡ

֪ҶˣͬһǺء˵ҸʮѾͷֵľµС檡
ҫϼ˵㲻ֵܣ㱻һƹ¶Ǿ˰ڲˡ 
£Ц˵㣬ûôȥź򡣡

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ţ벻ַ˼Ĺ
̲סʣǣкѽ
̸ϣ³лңҫʣ򴽣ҪʲôؼҵĶҲϡҪǮȥүӰɡ
ҫϷʾǰֵл˵ֲ
ҫüͷ˵ǽжˡ
ŴչȥģҫϽƣܾʣ𣿡
ʱſˣϴ˾ŵĶʣʲôģ

ܻŵ㿪֣米ıһţǳҫЦ˵ҸղŶܣ˵Ȣϱ£ӱһ졣
ϴһܶǸͯӼ̫Ƶأѵܴܵˡ
˵ǸϴСˡ˶ʹҪΪų
ҫЦϴһ۵ס
Ŀ룬Щ飬ȴ˵ˣʡĵġʮ߾Ȣˣܶʮˣ϶ʮ̸ۼ޵ˡ
ܵ̽Ȼ״Բѵ˵ѰŵԵĲףѰŮ˴ڽӴҲѡεĻɫЩòģǡ

ͣˣԼҲ˵檣ֲ檣Ҫ˶ӲɽţȻ檣ʲôأ
ɿ˵֮Բٴӳ顣
ҫ˳ʣŮѽѽҪӵĿҪַεġ
ϴһۣҫӵ˵Ǹ˿ӵġ
ܺԥش𣺡ΪʲôԼѽʮ˷СˣٴռԺʮģʣ
һ仰û䣬ϴܻһƨϣžһ죬ܾȻûܣƨί˵Ҳɣ
ҫЦˣȤһԶɻǲ᣿
ڵһ˫糺죬ݺݵ˳ҫϣҫϽѵ˵˵ʲô͸ʲôʲô¿Ƣ

ϴݺݴＷ֣ɵˣɣҲøɣ
ҫӸǵ⣬Ц˵Ƕܲҿû˼Ҫ˰æԼܸףмͼ߲ܣҪЩ˳۵Ĺ
ϴһƷҫϾȥӣţʰʰͷ
ϣϵ𣬱ѽҫ϶ЦŶܡ

ϴһߣô븸˴ЩŮڽӴ
һʯͷطȥĸףͷɥӾ֪֣˵Ҳû취ôˣӹܲء˰ɡ
ҫϵĻߣͬЩϷʹ󲽳ţȥͷ۲ĲһţЩھ͸粽룬գЩָ֣ߵĻͷǣΪ׵Ц˵үԸģ粽үé޶Ҫš

ʱ֣ȻعһȺˣװκţЩѧЩŮеĿʮӣʮСжӣү֮ȥһѵʾͷ޲ȥؿյҪܣͱȥЦ˵úõүȥźƫȥҤȥź¾ķŹ񫡣

ѻȸ̫Щȥ˵ķԡ£ٳʱ˻һɫ׵黨Сӣɫӿ㣬š
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û뵽ʹĴӦùܼ˵үԸҪȥ
дܼǵصĲţƽչҸӡǸطѵǸײҪһԼӡܵĲ죬뿪ˮĴϺ

˵Ҳãֻס߱ı죬̫̫ԷĲſԣȻӳӡ̫̫ɡ
ţϽȻ֪ӲϾͷһ߿οһΪʰ졣
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ţϽˣͷʣѽôûʲôʱëѽ
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˵СţϱЦ

ţϳȥʱ̫̫һⷿ¿ֹһɷнµӣǵϴҲ
ǾѰãӣҲ֡
Ž˵Ǿȥʿôġ
òӦȥܾڴԲ˵ͷۡ

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ϴһ룬Ҳѽʮ˷̫̫ţϺĸףʮŮˣɲʢ
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ʿҡͷ˵ﺬֹеģмλС㣿
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̫æ˵ѽѽү¸ҶѰòС檣һء
ϣߣ̫أҪүС𣿾ǳҲк󣬷үӣպ󼲣Ӿġ
ϴһ룬ѽôԼû뵽



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ҲǰԼ˵ô߰ӣŲϱ˰ڲ衣
ҫЦӵӵ˵֪ǸѩЩ鷳
һѩ鷳ܵɴʣѩ
ѽҵһλ˵𣬺ѩǼҺǷ˶ҺܶǮҲģϱ϶ǲȢˣҲô׵ķŹѩС㡣ôѩҸɣͷɡ

ܲݷ˵Ҫתȥѩѣһˡ
ܣҫϺס˵ҰǮȥ۸ǵʿȥڡϷף˵˵ǮסĿڡҪȥ˿ʿӦңǮڶʧٲ
ܽӹַǮҲϸʣͲݲݵˡ
ѩ񣬾ͽǮίиȥԼȥѰҴӳ˵

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ٴеƣܿżеʧһ˫˫۾ע·ȥ̳
ܿտҪʣ鷿ҫϵĿˣ϶ɡ
֪ܲʲô£һѿ޵⺢ӣôԽѧԽƤˡˣŪˡ

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ҫϣǷ޵ĳ٣ڴɫ̺ϣͷ̺ϣͶأҵ׾ļϵ׺ۣܾĿࡣ
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ذţҷһޱ޳ֱȣСӰŵż̧Ǿ尾žƤ⣬ܿ
ʹһ䣺СӼͷѽ㣡
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ҫ繷һ㸩ӣ澡ʧһ˵ģҪʹʿɱ裬Ҫѧ裬Ρ

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Ǹ޿ӣҲ˺ܵĿ̲ס϶࿴ۣҫϼ񣬶һ֣һݣоƷӳҫϣȻĲŻȴΪ˺ļơǱ壬ͦ

СӻӢˣҲãҳȫѵܹһ⣬ٴܶ¡Ӿãʣµıˣܵܵġűٴʱҫ۵ŤԭƯ޵ݸġ
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ָָҫ϶˵㿴ֻܷģҪãϣҪȥֻһؾǡ
ܣ£ߣҫһѣǡɫһĿѪӡ
ܣһȥ!õɣ

·ȥһԣڳҫ˵ҰɣŹϸ硣
ƽǲӣϴȥ󣬿ݹ᾵ӹǣһЩĵط¡
˵ڵϣѵӴôѿƤʹ
ܣҪҫüͷײֳͦ˼ޡ
ȴһ͵ľȻˡ

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ܰϲ˵ۣҲˣҲˣ˰ɡ
ϴΪϷŪһӵľܿȴָ˰ӷԸҫϣ϶ȥȡ
ҫȻԤԼ֮ңһҭĹȥȡǰϵӣ壬˫ַʱ󣺡϶ɣ˵ܵܡ
ܻں޵ɻȻүؼһԲˬļҷ

ңޱʹӵëƣϹ顣үӶӴž죬ʱʱ۵ŤҶ㣬ȴ㲻
Ȼ䣬ҫ˸һҫϰɣ
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Ŀɿڴһʼδҫˡ塱˹ȡ
ҫϰɡպĻƶҪܡ˵Ƕӵ⣬ʵݣЩӣҫϸô򣬵ݺݴɣ

Īĳ嶯˦ҫϴ󺰣ңһһ˵ˣͲ´򣡡
ϴ룬ѰС⣬˳ëң
һѾҫСȥһٹ͵򣡡
Ͷݺݳȥ;
žһٴӿģĵطһӲʯͷ

ϴһֵܶ˲Źãոҵش򣬱ߴš
ýƣ˹ȥǽǣŶ˼Լ˷źˮ
һűײϣྲ
ܺ޵ΪߵСܿ࣬Լ壬ֵܳЦȥŲڴ˶棬ͺ޵ط
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ҫϺݺݵһۣʹص쵰ɵ¶ˮΰѸǮ͵ͷģ
ңҸȥ͵ġɺǰѸǮ͵ַ˰ȥˣ
үôֵģ֪һһǳϵġҫ۵һȥƨУ´ܲܳӣүӼҷ࣬ؼЩӣƤ밤Լȥã
ܱһƿԡ

ôôӣ˻ȥͦʬȥҷѾƤӿˣǻͼӻ𣬺ҡϱǷˣϡѽ 

ν棬֪ܲƽտƴ³ĹͷϵֻԼƨɴӣίʵĹƶˡ
űͷͿıԹţүʡʡɣӷүġǸɮүӲء㿴һֻŲظţͱסˣͷƵģӹǶҪѹǰǼˣЩ㡣


 

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ϴ˵ȥѰҽʹɩӣȰǻضѩżƺòá
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ѩѾˡñ粵ͷ
ϴѹ˵ʮ³ʮϸաһԲףúðһʮˣ֮꣬ˡ
Ż򣬵һֱųҫϡ
ʮ³ʮȥ²ᣬҲҪϸֵǡ˲ٰ죬ϲ
룬ͷӿƴ֣ȴϸ˿ֻǳҫ֪ЩθжϾԼģǲͬ

ҫӲãһźһֱԴǹܴ
ȥѲͷΪЩʱ򣬴ɣܻתͷѾĺһ·Ϸƽ˾룬Ҳ֪ҫϵĲˡ
ڼװƤЬ͸ȥ
æл˵үǲҵģôͶأ
ҹȥԼģұ졣ֵܣҪôסܲݷ˵ͽӹЬȥЬΪʰ룺Ͷϣ

˵ʮ꣬ʱٲꡣ
ϻһ򿪣ղס˵ʱרź٣粽ġٴСͻСģ̫̫ܿЦ˵챣ĵܵܣͲүıˡʱپŵÿޣǱҪСܵܣү⻰ץһξʹһΡˣҲˣͻرСģ˾˵ϣЩмܵܡү鲻ã̫̫ǷǴȥΧԼñ˵ģӲԹйֲʱЩЩȥүҲǵĵģ˶ҽõġ
˵˼ϸǧٸ⣬ǻЦģүԹ̫ںүˣ̫иˡ
ܾðЩֻѹڼװϿǣʵԼҲã뵱ؼҵĶӣ罯Σѩ񣬱ϲһңôûˡ
죬ٶʮաܺȻʮʮҫϵա˵ҪҫϺúòٰģ֪εľϲ

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һֻ̬ǻͬŪһ˵ϸͲҪֵˣúܣүӲ齭档ϸߣҪи⣬λػأ

ҫһɨһۣ͸мĺ¿ȦڰɫĿУ˵޿ɷ棡
һԣֹ䣬ɫš
ڴǾ˭ҷٵĶˡ
ҫһͷڽɴ󣬻ȷܰڰʾ£ֻļͷ˽ʣϸ磬Ҫ뿪뿪ҡ

һĬҫ϶˽һЦЦɬΣţȥȻҪĴߡߵǼҡ
үġ˵˵Ȼӣүӵĳ谮׶ӡתһ룬Ǻ˭أǰһûɵĳͻҫϵİ飬Ĳģ׵ƫ̻ǴڳҫļҷĺܳĬ

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ʮꡣ˵ǻشȰ˵ֿĿųҫϵۣҫļͷ˵£硣л𣿡

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˵ԳĿЦЦǺ̲ͣĿԡ
ΪĦ󱳣ƿЦѧСġ
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ߣ˫нҲԼ°ɡʵƽ˾Ҳʮ꣬סҪҵڰ棬Ժ˱󡣡
ĳҫ߳ɵҲˣѵһӣѰأͲǴһټҷӵɣοࣿ
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ҫ΢漴ЦЦҡͷ˳Ĭ

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ܶأôôŻȫ˵ԷţΪ·£ŷ°ڶˮʪ
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םһƬŴʯ·ƣ·

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ĬϽȥ˶Ȼյᡣ
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ϣһλһ꣬ѹ˵ҫϲٻԷԶٻںͷʣһڲ£Ҳ֪µʲôˣںͷûζ

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ϴһ̫̫ǾһƬɢӣǰܵĲ鷿ȥԸҷӣ

Ƥ޶ͷ£ڶҧǲ¶ҫϵ䡣
ţϼᣬܵļͷʣܶ˵ѽЩ˵ѽϸȥżѽңҪֵܣ϶һ˳⣬˿ô죿
ܱĿҧĶǶԳҫȥûпҫϣҫϸںֻѰԼĸ
϶ˣҵҪ˭ǵϴúһӳ£ܼͷ
ܲͷݺݵԼ֪ҪһعѪû뵽ҫϣǱ˵ĹѪ
һʱѻȸϴͬţţϻ̻ʣ˵ʲôѽϸǹ¶ѽ
žһƳϣܷŭص
˵ҫϸģϴĿ⽥ݡ
үӱ׳Ȱ裬ȥԼ

ҹ鷿
ǿڰһŵǺŨζˡ
ƣٵĿڳ̣
ִˣײͷ̣ͿԼ̼࣬ͷĶ࣬ʹ
ϴΡΡȥǲ輸ϵĲˮæ˹ϣȻľɫĳҫϣɵӣڣΪ׶˲ˮһ񵽵ĵطѵˡֻΪӦˡ

Ӷ˵ĿӣϴȻһ̾¾ˣˡպҫϵĻƣֻ㡣׾ʹ򣡾ģ
ĻӣܷЦãͷ䣬۽ҫ⡣һ
״Ӳӣŵһ·𿴵˵ļҷƤⶼˡ
ֻǸ׾ͷϣʳָظŪţȥ֣һʹ¾زԼİĴС
ӣУ룬Ǳгҫϼ¶ȣϡ


78 ... 

䣬ѵصĺҶƮת
ҫ䰴ַѰƽСһլԺǽƤԺǽɫߣСʨͷŶնϣ߸ǶͷΧһŶʰҶ桰θ
磬ȵҵϸˡһ۾˵ϷֵסһƬҶ
ҫŲЬһɽţǺƬҶӾţѰ󽫾
ǺкһǺȻתͷͷһëֿЦˡ
壬𣿡ϳ

ͣŻƾɵլԺǰĳȣһĪ˷ӿȴֱĵ׵ĳɻˡŲͣͲǰ֪ʲôǣҲŲá
׿ӭſڡ
һ˿۽΢ǫѷţȴ˼ϡ
Ķ䣬ɳֶɼֻɫֻۣʵشֲڱ׾۴׿ϱзȲ׿һݳںоȻЩƮȻĸо

ҫϾǰǿ価ҶӵĴ³ճӵĿӰ㵨ӣȴ͸ϲͻȻӿȥۿٿȻתǰ˸ߴӰ
䣬ռݰӵĺƤӣڻﾲ׿躡
Ѱˡ׿˵ЩοӹеĺƤӣָţʧõıȥԺڡ

ů͸ɿݵůġ
һɫش£¶ѩ׵ͬһ۵׿ǡĶԱȡשǾɵСԺԵЩͻأ
ţûƭҡȻšҫ״Σͷһգ֪Լ˵Щһ嶯ȥס׿躵Ĳӣ§סʵ磬ȥѰ㣬Ѱǣﶼը૵
ͺã׿˵ͷĿϲ嵭ˮڡ

ǣǣĵܵܣ硭ͷõڳڣȴʧ֪ԼΪ˴ʧ̬ǳҫϣϴ̸ɫҫϣ侲ƣʱȻһͿء

׿Цˣͷ˵ˣ
Ȼ
ʱҾͲ³ݡ׿˵
ǳԾգգǰֳ
㳤ã񡣡ֲڵĴָˮʪЦ̣ŬЦţ´粻
ȻڣǿԵġֻҪãżżߣȴࡣǵǰµģΥͽıڣȲø˼ҵʳ
ƴҡͷ˵Կʲ˶ĸԸģСнţ飬ȥ׬Ǯġ

ЦĿЩģ׿ƿǰɫ࣬һظңŷ࣬ض࣬ôţӡ
Сһؼҹ棬Υ͵ۿ磬΢Ƥ͸ϣΥƾ𷣴á
һ۴磬¶Цݡ
˵ݣϱһ߷˵ԺǰһǿԺס׿ңԱһϷӡ

̫̫Բڴ˵Ƿƽ;Ⱦȼ˵ҫϹҲϲ
ҫϹصؿͷ
̫̫ݺᣬһᡣ
ƽ;Уգڻ˷纮²ɩ˵
꣬ˣá̫̫ȵЩ

ɩȻЦݺͰףǸСֶͷԵغһС塣
˷ܵӦȥͻӸȴһѰס֣ɫʾˡ
ӣ漸ʣ±ǲ
˵磬СܵĻ籣ܰɡ
ıеƾɵķݣլԺˡ
ȴǽң֮ƣܴҡȥɡ
˵գֻźƤΪڴϡ
Ϊʲôҫϲʣ֪Ǵȴ־˶ڼֻ̽ЩǮҲСԼƴģĸ
ؼҵǮҲѪġ
˻ظĸ׿躷ԸϣŶӣȥǮ
ˣȻţҫпѱ硣

ҫ룬ѲɻȥͶһΪСˡҲ˵ĸϲգһǮȴСǴӳңҲ֪ʱء
׿躲죬æ˵ұܣպСܹ黹ǣ 

ɩӴһ˵𣬻ǶԶԼˣֵܵǮҺڰɡ
ҫϾ¿ƴͷȻžˣкûҵǮҲϡġ
׿ǿԸӣɩӣ
ҫӣ۰Ͱ͵ؽӵݸɩ̲סۡڽߣȱǮ

Ļ˹ɰĺӣȴ˼Ҳϡԭڰȥˣ뷴ºŪһˮǣ룬Լ޷ˡ
Ķ͸ɾڴɩ״ΪʲôҪôôֵĹء
˭ԼĸԸĻأ

һȥӿڵԡϴԡ
ǰߣߺΣ粻ʱͷ
Ѱסûԡңֻȥ湫õԡȥ衣֪СǳȥԡãҲֻӴİţβһ·һԡá

Ŵ򿪺׻һƬѬҪѣϢһ㣬׹Сĸо
ˮߺЦ˷ۿʱ׻һƬſԣΧԡԡ״שԡطƷڣɫ˷ش裬˵غϷ˴죬ϲһƬȺ
ҫЩľֳ棬µĵճմЬ԰β˰ĵطԡأ

һ۴磬ȴȥһ԰봹СһŵֻԸ˵··ڿ
ͷһֻɫӲǳƵڿʱĽų
üͷ磬۵ҲĿһ⿪¶ڵ޲۵룬ӷڣҲСһӶСӷӶݡ
׿̧ۿһЦ³ӣ
͸ЩȡЦ˵Ҳ³ӣֻ࣬˵ڡֻð۽ɫϸӴ½£ڴϣٽ·Ƥʱ߹˲ʱĿֱһ죬Ѿ·ΧƵ׸ԡϡ¶ݵӹǣ߹°û⡣

򴽣һ۴磬İͿ־塣һ㣬Щݹ᾵ıӰ󸹱̱ǵζš
֪˭ֹһ䣺ĻֵطϸƤġ
ڵı죬ٷΣʲôûȥ¹ʲôڸԡҾȻǱ



79ԡҾ ... 

Ѹ͵¿ӣʰһԡΧϣһȴŵ˵磬ңҪȥ֡
罫һСëͷָǰ˵ߵͷսǴéޡ
һѵЬȥԡҡ

СӣǴİɣٯĺһʡ
ҫϲλϲƵͬڨ
ݲӦ˼䣬ϲʣԡñȱƽҪɰɣ˵Ƕ˿ԡãˮġ

æȥԱһľͰƯŸľưҨˮ֡
һк˵СֵܣҰ㡣
ȥ֣ˮ¡
Ȼһߺȣÿÿ
һ󺺹ҫ̧ͷͷͺк⣬ͷӻ С߳ǲмһ˵ġ

ϣúܣѽ󺺴ڨ˵
ҫϲתߡ
ûͦģĸӵģʡ
һʱûףˣɻ

ţԡȥ˾һסʣλ˿Ǯ㣿
Ӽˮһ鲻Խȥգʣĸģ
ҫһĶģȴǱߴѾںСܣ
Ӧһ˻ˮǿѹһֻӬĶģǿѹԼҪ¡
ֻ˲ʵ׷ָӬ׷棬СֵܣȵҡʲôҾͷⱱƽͷϣ˭ǣ 
䲻֪ȤĴָԡŪ
ҫŭ𣬾Ȼһֻ涼ϷŪһƿ뷢ֺȻЦˡ

ͣȻһЦһ۲Ȼָָǳӡ
ǣǱߣˮȥ˴ߵЦš
ԡرߣߺźɢˣǼ䣬ҫϷһȣһҽУڿշĽԡأžһ죬ˮĽ
кһȺ˾ýűӣˮըڵ

Сܣ׿躲״һУһȥһԣûͷӬܵˣҪȥ·𱣻ӡץסֲɿ
ԭ粻巢ʲô¡
ҫϰЦЩŵر·ܣԡؿյ
ֻʣҫĪЩܵˮĴ磺磬ǣô

ĵˮ˶ڶߣշİ羲ȴա
ƹĸĪʣʲô״
ҫʼЦ𣺡ʣֻΪֵܿһ㡣
ƹεЦ˵Сȡ
ҫϽʣƹֻ¡

ټԡֻʣֵܶˣʮ⡣ҫϺЦ⣬ٿĬȻ
Ϊ걳˺ʣͬ˴ˣ
ҡҡͷġ鲻þʹˡ
ֳɣ˳ʻ£ŵȥԡȴƿܡѲǺʹֻӲӲӰȥܡ
ɼжƤ̾·Ǹޡȴδյ¹
ػͷһЦСֻĻ
ϴ裬ȴٴʱֻһɾۣϴô˵ϢĶ¡ϣЩ棬ܾû´˵̺壬ֻԷʴЩɩӸĸġ
ظ·ϣԼµÿЦµԪڲЬڵЩѽš
ȻǵСʱƤЬͱԪڲЬЦͷЬʮ
СֶЩûϳɩһڿЦͣۺأȴʮů

﹩Ÿ׵λ¯ζǺǡҫϽӹе㣬ݣ¯У¹£ȵؿͷ
̧ͷʱǿտյλ׿լ￴ǷװĻһֳݣȻͷǰĴ磬˵СҫҶˣͷ밲֮鱣СܣҲһƽ
׿躱˱ҹ棬ҪҫһСһ飬ҫѾƪУȻ˵ģСһؼҹ棬Ӵ̻塣
ҫߵĸסɩСֶߵͷɵغţС塣
ҫЦˣüĿЦ续һ§Сһﱧס

ʮּ򵥣ѿ϶ĺİϷŻư׺ɫģһ˿һײġҫϼ繧һɫĵݸĸףֽһɫһҫϡ
϶Եù𣿡̫̫ͰʣԼǸһȥС
Сֶһ۰Ͱ͵ţʿĭ˵С岻ԣǸ̳Եġ
ҫϻȻ򣬰ɫǰͷɫĸǰͷǺɫģ֪Ǻ
Ц˽ķȥСֶ˵С岻ԡ
Ӵ۾գգͷŻҡͷ
ҫϳԿǽɫİ棬ʣæһڲҶǿº

ٿɩӺʹ磬ǺںڵģĻѳԡ
ͿЦʣԵʲôûɫġ
Լһȥȥġ
Բߵġ簴ס֣Ǻڶġ
ҫȻ֪ڶǵðһ
ǰȥˣ˧ԣضҫشﲩصĸף˶мԵģΪڳԵġ
ЦڿϷںãϷܳϺڶǸƻʳˡǿ׸ƻʳ
̫̫˵ңĴ۷ǣﻹװ档ʲôʱ̫ƽͺˡ
ҫɬɬĸоǺڶȴˡ


80 
 

᷿һ׿躵鷿ѷֻзһǽЩ鼮
ҫĿɩֳ棬䣬ϴõѣһӦȫһӡϷʽӣʽ
΢ͦأϳͷ棬ѲһӦĳ١

ƽҪȥǮ顣
ڼס죬Сϣſ̨֦ͷȸ֡
Сֶ֣ߣźӵС֣һһдš
ȫעӣɰ
һŶͷ޵ƪдò
˵дúӦõģдҪְġ۾գգģۡҫ룬ʱҲ˿ɰɣ

ϣؼңЦдƣ˵Сѧðиٻӵܣ˴ˣ˫ҳġʵ˵Уȴƫ̻˼ҵĺӡ
ҫ룬ǮЩ͹ȫʳǣֻǴظִӣԼȥһʣ´ɩ浣ģ͸ŭ

Žʱ˯£ѣ̧ͷһʣûȥ˯
磬磬СȥѰݲʹȥѧУ飬ҲΪֵһЩ顣
˳һ飬ǰϡ
£ڼҶ飬ԡӽ𣬴綽ĹΣЩ鶼Ҫصġ
ҫɨ˵һۣǼ顶顷ﰵЦֻⲿظԶ𣿷·κ˼ҽѵӵܶհˡ

Ʋ⡣
ͷ
Ȼùһͨһ顷
ҫȻ漴ЦãҪױѵλδǹ𣿰ĶԲ𣬻ιľʷۡ
ƲƲòСھͱ
ڿʼмƪ
羪̧ʣ
ҫɨϺϵ鼮緿飬Сصġֳ˵СʱƤλǰľ˲Ҷ顣ƤƽնϻǶϵġ
׿ط鿼ҲǾ棬ﶼЩĿ࿴صͷ
֪飬Ҫ˵ͷ

⼸ѩ죬Ҳûͷ
ҵķݸ̫̫ȱ²õأߡ
¼˵ǣϷסʹ͸ۡ
СɵΪȣɩ͵͵ᡣ
ҫϺʣȲãΪβȥҽҽΣ
ǮɩӿԿҩԲã˵ҽԺһξ͹ý
ԩǮʲôãϷ˹ִ˵طԼ߶
ʱҽԺһʲô룬˵һȥͺܹõġɩصСӻ˵壬ҳҲҪ˴򣬸Ȳ
ϣ̵ĹϡϷ§ӣ˷ܵӯ

ҫʣҪܶǮ
ɩ˵һҪʮĴǮأ
ҫÿЦ·һʺܴǮת룬ǶʮҲѰ˼Ҽµнˮˡ
ԽԽôظĹˣǮﳤݣҲĸβТТ˳ġ

ҹҫ˯Ժȴһ춯ѡ
ѵۣ淿⣬ˮǽﴫĶԻ
ʿǴɩ˶죬᲻ȥܿࡣǼңܿö˶˵Ĵ˼үʲô
סڣ𱸵ҵѪ
ѪôҪ𣿶ʮ㲻֪ҲôˡСﲻյľңʧģǮͲˣ⼸ھͲףҪ˿ͶȴáĲ˵ЩóԵģѽĲǶãԲ۵ġֶһſڣô죿

ҵ۵ȥǼ۽ʹ׼µѧУ¯ûȵģ䡣׿˵
ҫһѹɩһֱЦӭԭ˵롣

峿ҫڷ﷭飬СøֽƬ˸߲ҵܽ
Žžʹ£С壬ҵٵ
ȻʧЦЦǿɬǻֽϵļëʻãЦ
˷ܵ˵˵ǷҵģǮƾȥ˫ݣ
ҫϱӶһʹˣ˵Щʲô
գգۣ˵Դ⣬±棬Ƭģ㣬ﶼģ
ʿĭ޵СͷڴѲһȦҫЦ͡ӵᡣ
𱦶˵ߣСϽȥ䣬СȥŪЩʲôóԵġ

ţַǷʽգ̨ϷҲȦͶЩɢСǮġ
ҫűĴܣֶЦţƶҫһһ
ŴȦӮЩСǮǺ«߳Աߡ
黶Цţ۵ɳݣС
ҫﰵЦ˭٣ȦˣҪȥˡ
ӮĽеöСǮҿţЩʲôأ

ѺСѺСѺзƵĺûᡣ
ҫȥסڨڨس½ѣС壬ܶǮҪֵġ
ӶԲˣЩҫϹ˲࣬öȥ
Ȼһ󾪺̾ϢУӮˡ
²棬ӮˡĦȭƣׯҿһЦ͵͵ӡ
ҫһס󣬳ŪֵܣҪģҴɿʱʣˡʦġ
˵Űöˣˣʣʲô
˴ŭȭҫһסҧһš˰һҽС

˼öǮʴЩʲô㡣ˮӣ
Ǹ߸ߵ̨ӣͰ͵ƿˮʿĭ룬ˮӳԡ
ҫһΣȻǲڴϷˣһӡ
ԸСһڵˮӣݸһֻҡҡͷִؼȥ
룬סƽӴʣʣӵǮģ˵
գգۣӵ˵ǣǣС壬ȦȦӮġ
ҫ۵ǸĺӡȥȦʲôҲû
Сرİָ֣ܶܶǮſֱۣ·Ҫӵһɽİӡ
ҫϱ˵ֻһӡ

Ĳˣһ˳Եúܿġ
˱ָðմʣ˿ᡣ
׿˵СܣŴʽյĵСϾ;ŵڡ
ǣ粻ϲСܾͲȥˣˡӦ˵ȴѹϷﶼƶǡ


81ͽı 

紵ֽ졣
ҫ˯бѣһš͸ЩֲɫǵӰ׹ۡ
ƿһǣͥԺɫһƬҲҫ⣬ѩˣһأ
Ī˷ܣڶ˴ѩֻȥʱɽĴѩû׸ߣһƬããΪ׳۵ľɫּΥĴѩҲ˺䣬𴲣ܳѩ

⣬ȴϷ˷ĵƹ⻹ţ֨ѽĿϤĽŲ
ǡĸ׷ֻ߳Ը˵ȥ˯ɡ䣬ĸ׵ȼˡ
ɩ˸ˮ˵ֻʣúˣͶķɡ
ҹھӣȥҽ顣ɩ˵ţˮͥԺ

ҹȱȥĿ˯˳չСͬ˯Ǽӣһȡů׿躰ţ͵͵ģȴ˿Ǳ
ȥͬУԤ֧µнˮӦ 
ѾԤ֧һ£ɻٸ㣿ɩǵ̽Ǹ³ȥ˻Һģڶ㡭
׿躵ĿȻñ䣬ԭȶȱ仰Ȼ𣬺ݺݵӡ
ɩĻʻأֻʵռˣйĵ̣ҪԷ¹ӰɣѲɶʡй˾ͲڶʡϳѵľͶǺˣ

׿ɫ˵һ취ܻеģճﲻǮͰǿȥЩǮȸΰɡ
ˣ׽⡣ҫϵǺᶨһģһ磬һ뷽跨ȥǮȻιȥأ
ֳɩɩСмҪõѣȥЩתպٻҫ˵ڣЩУ棬Ǳ¶٣ͷӾҪץضˡ
ط˯ȥ²ģŭ
ɩ䣬ʾ˵
׿Ƶתط

ɩ! ҫмöǮͳôȥɩ˵ȦӮģЩ򼸿úɡ
ҫȡů۾ŴıӰòͣűӣƲƲǱԹɩ۵Ƣ·ϱͬǮг𡣡

Ǽúչ˰ɣԺǱߵҲѣӣЩ̺ͼúжôɩ
ⶼףԶײڵġ˵ֿĻůůģúûգȴˡ
ҵģɱСձֵģ⣬Ӧõġ

һӱúҫϿᣬʱúҪڽˣֻʮƽȴƫƫԼƶΡ
ɩȥǺ˵ζҫϿԲֹ
£¯ԣо˿ů⡣

ֵɩˣֻԲǮġϿڣڵյĵزҵļҵʱһҲڼգµĻͱըûˡըӵĵڶգиеĽȥʲôǮǲϣ˵Ǹкձйأ֮ʳ
ҫһȻ͸¶Ϣ·ձҪȥ£粻ϡ
һһУȣȴִܹˣҲѵá
ƣͬһҹҵլը޴档м̣

ѰĶЩˣǿ̨ǹ֮롣ɩʵ
ҫ˵ɩӣǿ̨ȥɣϵøƹ񣬻üǮ
ҫϱƤ緿ı
ǱȻȴдӵů⡣
罫ıصıѹϡ
խΪҴñӽǣͽȥ󣬿ʼ¡

üͷɻ
ҫůůĺӣѸ˵ɵϰߣ׸˯ˡ
˯ɣ˵෭ȥǣխıӣֻһϮ硣
𣿡æԼı϶Щ¶ڷ
һȥ󣬽ȥ󱳣;ôӽӲˣԼȻúܺЦ
һ§ס˴ӣǼǱֱӲȴůůء

Ƴ˵磬СѰݻưɣڼֺеܲáȥЦĬƬֱ̣˵ҿ»ЩףպУ˵˵ȥɡ
·˶¾һ㣬ҫﲻʿĭ
ʣôԸ⣿
ǼǮʲôʱܹĸβֹ˱Թ
緭ýһСܣЩ쾭̣٣һ̽޷ѳ֣ǷѶϣ;ѣҪԼһݲأԣƶҲպȪ֮¶Ե޷

ҫϿĿ⣬Ȼͱˣû˰ʱ
κһ˵С׵ģӹΪ嶷粻ϲСܾ簲ˡ
ﻹǲģֻǰظˡⲻǴ𣿹׽ӣвǮҽһСȣǮҲ׬Ǯѵתȴһȣ𣿡
ңŵһ飬·뱻Ѽһ㡣ҲԼΪʲôǵԲķŭʱ˺ҲͰˡ

СܣӹǳװǽţҪĹء
ԸءšΪҴҴӣȴ̽һ§˯¡

һ˴硣ҫۣӵסԡ
ӣɩԹôͷ̳ҪȥѧУˡôôҲǲã
ҫϷŷ־Ȼӱѹ£Ǳһҹ˯ȣˡ˯ʵҹﶼҪΪҴӽǣ
£ȥѧУҪ֧Ǯúء˵

Կ࣬ɼס
̫̫ĿҪ֥ձ
룬ܲԴУͳк˵Са취㲻С񣬴ȥ׽ȸ˳ԡ
۾һ·𿴵Ŀ⣬̲ˡ

ڱƽķֶڰԣֶѰֻԶԶǻţҫϽԥ
ǰƽʢĳޣӭһҪεȵĴۣſڳΣñͬԱߵֵ˵Цҫһҧȥ

УſձͿͣͷġͷҪȥһ㡣
ʰСʯӾҪȥݺݵСձûۣըǵķӡ
ҫæס룬ҵӣΣձ˵ǮǱݵˣҲͬйʹ޾ĺɱϾձ˵Ǯ뵽ֻա

ӰߵסլԶΡͥԺɣֻǺ˧˵ءſڳɲʣС壬ȥȸ߲·
ֶ·ߵ̨ϣѩ£ġ
˵ȸȸ̳ԣ̳ˣȾͲˡ
ִǿı⣬ȥԶ·̧̣ͷǡһľ֣ﰵϲǮ·ˡ

 


82 

ÿһ˫ԵһֲۣҲιĸ߹󣬵һ۽˴ҡڵĲľʱʱĿĹע
ſڴݵص۽ϵѩΪͷմѩƬ
С壬ǵ֪Ͳˡ
ҫϲĿ⺬Цɨܣͬ˴кֻ˵죬װư͡
˵һǰһķĳĶȷǰϡ
лƹҪ飬һְס̧ͷЦһۣĿƵû㱣ȻҼˡ

ͷһҶѹȴѡѹС
һñѣֵܣСˣүҲˣ϶Ǵˡ
ֻЦֲ
ٿʱ˵ӼϣȻǡС
һǮǰҫϲϲҲͷֻһƳȥѹС
ƵСܿһۣߺкעֲһۣȴȻӶעóһǮԸȥſձ¿ԣԶ
ٿ֣ӮǮ˴СС任Σҫ
ļΧϣҫУЦӣûѧʶ֣ѧˣǮ£ûһҶֵġڱƽϣҽĹݣСǴ´ࡣ
һ־һѰֻצӣӲݺ£һ˻ĲҽУŵöĳɢӡ

¥һɫͳɫڵĴ֣ӵӵ̶ˣȧǸ߶΢죬۾¥ݿڴ
ϰȥ˵һֹ׵
ܺãҷơ
˻δϣҫִסƽ˴ɣµϣүĵ̰ɣ
һʣֵǡ
أܣãС
Ц£ʱӵ
ֵλ磬ˣСܳ⣬⣬ʱȱǮתطơ
ʣСֵأү
ҫֻбۿЦЦù죬ʵϰĶӣǵĶĹ𣿡
ĿЦᣬԸͽҫѹ񣬳ҫϹֵ⵹أƾǮ󱦵ؾ͸мˡ
ߣǡСֶ¿ձ֥ζŽ㣬ǲˡ
ҫȥǳҲϡ

ʱǼľֵĻƵͷֶ뿪ƹԳֵͣشҪʲôСãлӦˡ
ҫЦŹ˵ƹĿˣڣ
Ҳƹĸµĳֻưǰʻȥ

ڻѩѹɫĺۼʪѩɽȥࡣɫҴңżʻ
СֶĿʣС壬ʲôط
ҫϿͷӰܵĳ򣬹ѹԴص˵СڶļҡˣɣĶĳ񹬵
Ŀֶͷһë˵󣬲Ҫ˵
ԼΧСֶͷϣڰ;³ΪһŰ淢ڷĽ⣬䣬˼ġ

С壬ЩʶΪʲôǮС壬СΪʲôҪ˵ԼѽʸͣҫЦƾĳƹ񣬼ˣҲȥϴǷؼҵĶӹСǮ

Ը˵ѽԵʲô֪
˳ֽǿӶ俪¶שͷȥ·ԡ
С壬̨ѽǵǿ̨ءȵҫϹ˵С᲻á

صңǡɩʹȥҽдɽֹǣȥ˿ѽ
ҫȥһԣ߿˻ʱ˵磬СܻˡСѰһݲ£ִ̳̣ͬһˡ
ԭɫֵɫɾ죬ʣѰ˿졣
ҫϱݱ˸߲ҽ˵λѣϰĶҪѧλҽ̣ҡһ̸ˣԤ֧˵µнˮ
ҫǮϽ̸ɩɩʱ˶ˡ
ôǮɩɩʡ

ҫһת˵ȻϡΪˡλϰ嶨ҪѧĻҪӢйˡ˵Ѱ¶ûҵæ͵
ϣСô౾ءɩӸ̾ؿ
´βҪһǮ˿ûϲģҫϲʧ
ЩԵĹԼˡһеǰԺɩȥ˳㻹úɩ˷ܵ˵ҫϲſһ۴ıӰܾõúܣȻʣ磬أôô촩ǵô绹ڷġ

ɩһʾ̫̫̫̫۵ЩǮӦɩȥ
ҫٸнŴ粻ͣش磬ӣ̲סۡ

Ϸ˲µأһΧϷ˿ϳ
յȣůůġԵһ룬ѾЦüëģһӣϷҲЦúϲ£졣ɩӽԼİײ˷˿Ѽȥʱɩͳţû

յĹ򣬴ɩŹǿЦ˵ɩӸҽЬӣ˻
ֶԳҫ˵ԺԸ㣬ȥ鷿
ɩǵĿ⣬ҫϿЩ顣
ԸҲȥɩ˵
ĸס
ҫ̽ѰĿ⿴ɩӣϷ˲廰ʣϱʲô
ɩæ˵ûʲôǿֶܳȥһգҪء
ҫ֪˼򵥣룬ѵʲô

Ŵ鷿û¯Եñ䡣
£һȣԥͨ£ҫϵ۽



83֮ 

ҫй͵ۿɫѩеգ޹⣬ŭ⡣
Ļ֪ǰĴ練ȰԲǿ¡
£ڨڨغ
ҫֻù£Ȼﲻ滹Ҫ˳ӣ룬Ǹ磬͹ɣЩĸԸȴڴǷʲôߣҲԼ¶ţֻǿСɫӦûûг

һȣǶ˴Ը۵һʧΡΡ˫֣ģ糶ݺݾʹ˼£籩㣬򣬴Ѿʹʧȴͣס֡
ʲôҫһ˴Ӵ粻
ţţǰֳһļֱڽ棬һͦʯۣȻظȴԴʣ֪Ϊʲô㣿

أû飬ͬСϽȥˣʣҫЩľͱͱǿ磺Сܴȥģǰƪ.ϡˡ
׿һŭɫԱһѳСưƽֺݺݴ˼ǣʣУ
ɩģ۵§¾ͰˣȥˣӦ˵ģ飬գСȥɢɢҲûֻ˵µ̯Ǯ˵ıӰֶҲû϶ǡⲻʾʹ򣬲Ҫԩֶ

ҫһﵹǿ࣬Ƕ˴ɩͨ籨ţЩˡԭǴǳӣھӼҽͷ˶ŭҲ³Ϊ¡
磬СܲãҪ򴺱ֻǿ¼˶壬ϲһʱ˼̣һӮЩСǮǹ崺ģҲƾõģ֪кβף
ɩһͬô緢ŭǰæȰ˵ϣֵǣǶҲǶѽġּҹ涼ġѹ緢ôĻ

׿һѳ־Ҫ򣬻ŵóҫȥʹɩͷײȥһ۵ðϵĲҽУ§˴˵ʹСܰɡǮȥĵġ
ǮȦģ׿躺ʣŵɪҫϲô´
ˣٲˡ޿Ͷҫա

ǰǱ͹Ľߣָָ
ҫҧҧձͨ죬ԱСֶɩӣȴСѧ㱻ְġ
֣ȻòףƽƲӣֶв㣬æֲԸػ֡
ֻ֣ҲӰľٶÿЦá
ҧ˱ͷ磬Ŀ⺬磬С´βˡǳ⡣

׿躾͵ۿǷߺޡмģҲóҫ޿ɿܵĿл˫֡ǽ߻£͵س֣ߴգߺ޵ɴۡ
磬磬һ㡣ҫ´̧֡
ۿнߴ£ʹģһǽٴλ¡
磬磬ţʹĽģ£ܻʱıŰ⼸ְίʵʲôĵʹ

ڴĿ¾͹ȥҧȴƲסˮ
ĹСܰɣ
׿躺ݺݵʹȣ
Ļҧʹ̣ͣסʣ˵
´βȥ˾ǡ
´ģϵĲҽУȻίĿȻ硣
˵ԣҪȰ㿴ɩӣɩ˵Ҳǣôã̴˵ѡ
ǸôˣȻϷŹϣݺݴ򼸼ǣĺɫһСʱƤҲֻý߸߾ŻΣżȻˣҲƨɵϣ񣬲̽ķϡ

ȥͥԺȥ飡Ͱѡ.ϡеġҲһٱ飬겻׿躷ȥƿѩƬ벱һ󺮲
⣬ͥԺһƬǻѩѩƬƮ䣬ѵ캮ض֮ҹȥͥԺﱳ飿
ɩۣȥͥԺҫ϶ؿ첽ȥ֨֨زȵûѩ졣ҭҭعϣ߾һ̨ѧСɱܷӣرţ㣬ҲƣҲ߲ɵü棬ȡҲҲ壬Ҳ߲ɵü棬ȡҲߣʲΪҲߣʻҲ ʹ֮Ī򷲿ԵߣβҲʹ֮Īߣ򷲿ԱٻߣβΪҲвҲԱٻвΪҲǹߣߡǶҲ˽֮ɥ
߱߿ޣںпԡ˫ŵı̨ţֲŻ£ֱһøǷ̨

ҫֻǺ͸ǵشӲȥ͸ġֱ֮֡
ɩӽһ̨ݸݸɫʾΣˡ
ԳŴ磬ش򶶣Сֶڽͣ˵ϲԵģҲϲԵģֻѡһĻȥѡƳԣΪƸóԣϣģҲ׷ģֻѡһͷѡ塣ҲбõĶʱ͵бĶʱȥͲˡ
ҫϷȻͷݺݵһ¸ֶĴ磬ɩȴ̨֣˵Сܣɣ米˽ᣬطȥЪˡ
תطҧＷ֣ظ
ŵɩȥҡͷ
ɩȣٴԹҲѹȥ˫Ϣ˵Ŀֱֱ

̨ģ߾ȥͷϣҪСī֭һͷǱӣҧҧſں˴ţʱʱͣ糪Ϸһ㣬ĿⲻصﰵԼҫϣͿģºӲǧͶôͿһֳʳ˿ӹһ֮Ҳأ
ǴֽϵĵӰӰʱʱԶֽľȶʧȥֱ֪е̨ѾǱӶɼҪٴξȥͷǱ

ʼԣ޵С˵һƬɩΪһ󻨰Ϊֶ硣
òױò࣬˾ʮű飬°ҹҫظͷգԺɩ̽ͷڴɩɫҡͷȥ޲һֱ꣬Ͱȶӻط˦Ŵ˯ٲպǮûǮûĹϵΣ̫̫Σ˾뿪ĺƯȥ

һٱˡˮƴεӰ㿴ϣ
ڴϵĺǳٱ֮ǽڣ
һĬϰֱһ߽ˮۿˡ
ҫϳŭ˴ɩ裬޺޵˵ǳأֳĳ֮أ
Ҫˣɩæشٵ
ڴѹסıԹ޵ɤɳƵı"֪丸֪ѣ֪ʹ֪ľԻ˾ӣ֥֮ңö㣬֮ӡ벻˾ӣ뱫֮ö֮ӡ֮֮߳࣬ߺڣԾӱ봦ɡ"

ҫѿɩӵȰʣɩӣҴһ֮߳жбԸ͸бȥǮĸ׿޶ϺӣƼǽ𣿲Ƿ쵽ƽÿ˶׽ɣТ㩣壡

һڣﷴǳֻ࣬ǴɩŵõȰֹ͵͵һ۳Żǰû˴Ӱ޿κεֹ˵СܣԩˡҲˣֻ⼸Ըˡ
ҫһֶʱҲֹˡ
ſڻƵĵӰ³ִ¶ӰȻ㼴ߣҲ㣬ֻǳȥ⺮ţͲٽ
ַԸɩ˵ȥȡ



84ı

ˡ⻰ɲǺ˵ģɩڿЦﰵ絽·ɡ 
ɩ𱸵غݺݿһۣԹأͱѡ
Ӱ£תԵƹ⣬ĿȴܿǺߵĿ⣬£һİؿò

Ҫţҫʱûϵ绹ɱﵣһƵС
뿪ȻںֻǱ¿ҹɨسţҫϲġߣҲһͷʹȥӻֲһƬƲʡ׿躸ϳţȥҫ㽭

ͷأֹһҹģŴѩȥ
ɩЦˣڿΪ˵Сû˵ѽôţҹЦȥ
׿һǴֻʣһƢС̶ɡ
˵תݡ
ҫҪڱ粵ȴɩߺߵȥæտɩ̨Ȱҫ˵ôô˵磬ĪƤˣô֣ȶҪˣءƢɩҶ˺ܶˡĪЩһֱѻġ

ɩ鼱¶ڵǾ仰ҫϽʣɩӣҴȥǵٶǾѽղ˵տҲԹġ
ɩȻЦȴ˵ڣҫЩʧӣæ⣬ããѩûֻ׿ԷĵţϷ˷ĵҲϨˡɩ͸¶Ҳ룬ǰʲôȥ磬ڼأ
ҫһ룬ɩӵĻǰǶϴ󶼶ҲǷΪƸΪ

󶼶ʱʮ꣬걻ͳѧ顣д󶼶ɽ֣عȥ˹Ǳߡʮָ꣬λǲף˵ǷΪƸΪʷȦȦĴҲءֶ࿴ڹĶϡ
ҫþ۾©һ֣ϢĿ࣬ԵһֻôλˣйɫͷβظˣǾ̸ֹ£ΩΩФĿ̻žй˵ɫʡξͲ뵽˹ȥҲǹٻ˼ңֵǣЩϸСط簸ͷЩ鼮ҹҹƶ飬̾ʱıӰ

Ϊʲôˣʣ׷ᡣ
ʮ꣬ǱڲϼңؼҾ͹ĸϥ˵Щʲô˭Ҳ˵ʲô嵳˾켺ڹɱ˲ˡ˵Щսĺѣ֮Ӣһҹʧԭ˾ģ㣬һͷֵˡ˾ԴӹݸȰ˵̸£ǾɽСͤӰ쵽ҹɫ£Ƣ۾壬ҵϷеġǸӵģҲǿߵʱ򻹸̫̫밲УµǮӳȥ˵ǮմѵѪ֮ҹټұϣ׿˷죬һꡣ

첻լ𣿡ҫʡ
ڶðķ֪˲ࡣѡһӣĶУѰȥɩ˵ţ¯̱ǣ죬ӳĵɩһŰ׾ڻζõʱ⡣ҫ룬ɩҲλĸ֮ý֮ͬ׵ĴӸˡ
ͬѵʱ䣬һŶߣǶιѵĹ鿯Щš

ɩ̾Ǹ֪ģȥҶؿշߣҲϧȻƶЩһһ֣֮ôá
ҫŻȻϸӻӺͱģʱڷʱҸּ󣬿յ׽
Űɵӣɩ˵Ҳ˷ѾѰɽϡǾ.һ˵ĵգһһ˽ߣٱͻʱҾûˣ˵ǲ³֣ƺɽϡţǾһֻһҹҵˡЩ컹мլӣִҪҹ뿪ôûˡ

ҫϷЩǴһƶպӹῴӸλ׵Ϊ͵׳ƶ縡Ʒݹ׽Ҳϳˡжڼִţ۲ӵ
ҵУҲͦõġɩ˵һƲʫ¶Ƿݵҫ¶ЩЦݣɩ۵ʣֻߣɩֶӼʹ
ҫҡҡͷȴԺ⣺˯ˡҲȥ˯ɡʡЩúСܻǵҷ˯
ҫϲ˼һ䣺ɲٴҡ
һ㣬ɩӴͷЦŤͷ

ķϻۣˮšëΪ˵ôˣޣ
ϸزϵۣҪΪ֣ƴҡͷ˵ˡ
ҲǿΪ¿ۣ֣׵ʹָͷ׵⳦ʮѿ޷
һſſӽ⿪ۣһȥĿҫϷЩţȥסȴʹʹüͷһ壬ᾹȻֲ

ܣ㳤ԣ⸱ƢܵġŴӣ̲ס˵磬´αˣջҪȥ˼ҽ飬׵úƵģˡҲ׳ͷҲǼ˵ģҪʹƨɴȰɣ񣬴·ĵطʾˡ
ĻЦʱЦ˸ѵ⣺Ҳмٴ㣬ٷȥǡ
ڴ˯ӶǴΪҴã米˵˯ɣЩ纮´㣬ͷȥ
ҫϷȥʹвʣȻ˵ӴӴ磬ҶۣڼǷ̫䣬Ҫ֡

һԾӾ
·Ϊ棬æΪӣҲ˴ۣӾͱȥǽǵéޡҹ˻ѩ棬͸ǣֻһ޿⡣Ϊ˿ҴãͶéޣȰյĺЩ±ѩ˻ȥֻʯͷ˲㱡΢Ҷֻ˵磬̫ҵҪҳ
ǽһҲ˵Ųأڶȡů

ҫǷݴóѣʵƤֻعȴ쳣Ĺɡ֪Լأеĵλٻ󣬶ǰͣǵһգӵΪСؤˡеĽֻҶȥʹڵǰɶצӣꡣ񣬺ȻԳ˼ҵܵܵȨ׽Ūḯ绹ȤǴͷԵĴ磬Ӹλʲôλأ

һиȻ磬̫ˡ
εΪϿӣطˮΪ֡ˮĵʹԭԴеĵҲʧˡɻؿϣӲȴҲ˯£۵ܣҲǵط
˵磬һȥéޣ
ʱٲȻǳξѡ
˵Լȥˡ
ȴΪʰ޺ãȥéޡ
Σ羫ƣߣͰѰ˵ֶͰ̲ｫͣΪȥϴ

ЦЦ˯¡ʱȻ﷭һȥĳ˺Ҫкˡ
ȻʶĹƲ޺˵Ͱȥ
磬ģˡ
㻹滰ﵽ緦ˣ緭ڣòʹӺҹѶֱéޡ
һӣȴڵöܡ溮쬵ģϤϤﰵЦȻ
һӰӲԶ䣬һ
ƲǴ磬һѵǵ
գСҲҫ˭͵ԡ
˳ʰһСʯͷǺӰʯȥ

ۣһ͵͵أȴûм
ӰȻתѧ˼ҹɵḶ̌١ҫһͷİš
˭ʡ
𣿡



85
 

ҫʱһ㣬û뵽үӵ˿׷дЩ̿֡̽ͷȥé⣬ķ⣬æǺӰ˵ƽϵģ
ʦүˡӦţҪչ
ҫϻһߴӰѾֵƹеǰҰèƵӰҪŵ˲࣬ߴ˵в㣬ٻȥȥ°ݼʦ
ܵͣǽӦȥԱߵդźһѩȥ

Сܣں˭
Ȼ䣬ҫϿդԵĽӡʰ֦ҵĴԱ̶߲ϵĻѩһظǳ˺ۼ

ŶǸéĴҲֶء˳˵ɵĿǶ°ǽԿդţƽդǹرյģֻ峿ˮĻƲŻ򿪡
ҫϵᵽɤӿڣ´һڣͬԺǽܵĶλĵײ
ȿȡ漴̵һڵϡǽĽŲԶȥҲ˵ҫϽŵŴ磬ֻƤΪϣֽźӰչȥ
֣ú⣬ֱ˳谮ĸоֻʱܹˣһĳ谮ŪֻǵĴȰ࣬;ΥˡΥҲգϸТӣֻǷȴֵܵȥôݳޣȴӻò֪ϧĽʡ

򼸸磬ȥڴϣأ§ס۾˯룬˭Ҳٲʹ磬ļңٻضعǲһУټȴһҹʧȥĹΪǱӣֲڵָȴļһ籧Ǹʹˣ
˵īָ׶ģҫϲȻ˵磬ȥ飬ͲؼҳԷˡ
һô˯ˡҫշת࣬δΪǱӣ˵Ҳʣֻʹߡ

˳֣ǲӵġǣȻֵܣ׻Ҫǿʲôأ˶ʮٶӣ֪ٸнѰصļңƶȴԼļңѪļҡѰ˵ִţڶŪʡѽѰԸͬȥԥҡͷҡͷعʲôãһġŻйʱָ·ԵСؤ˵ǵ㣬¾ͬһĸˣû¾ֻúӳԿܶ

ȴƶܷٻܵãҲܡΪѰΪʲô˼ţһļ˳Զ븸ΪУȥĶԹȥˣϾʮꡣ

峿ʵ˯£ȴɩѣСܣʱһЩ㡣ͷһȥ˼ϹҪʱЩУҪˣүƢϾ˼ϰ塣У˫ƤЬ㴩ȥɣҲЩ
ڿһĴɩҫҲ˸˵ɩӣҾɩȥæҫϴ·

ϴգϰںһС࣬һ̲ˣһġ
ɩӣĸ׵𣿡ʣѰҰͷ
ͷһϹԸ㡣˵Цġ
ҫһжСι˵ԹڼĻСȥǮȡЩôճϰģҪм嵰Եġ
̰ƷŰģĿʹҴҺȹһĳҫȥ

õķֶ˷׷ӭӳ١
һЦӡٳٶ̡ੲݣá
ʱ͵ۿװΡ
ҫϲЩΣͷʱķͷӲȥ̯ϣͺ޽ǵѧͷҲұԹ̿Ŀ⣬һų

ʣأ
󷹵齣ҪЩɡδһġҫϺȻ룬ͬ޹ϸٲǵĶӣλ˿һЦ˵Σһû緹ء
Ӧһһ仨¥ɫС԰һ
ųΣŷСĿɰͷԸֽΪŴЩζĵЦԼЦˡЩΣЦʣʲôèèİϷֵѰ˵ôҲѰˡ

ˣҫǰݼ
öϵѩţЦųҫȥ淿̸
ţתȿڣҫϾ˵ʦԶǧѰҫϵֻʦҪһˣҫϲضˣҶҪֵ
ȥնȴģͳϣžһ죬ŵóҫһȻүӵǸӣ̿Цá

үӵĻûΥ档Ϳﰤְģ浱µĵǱƨˡ
ҫϳĬŭŭʣʦҫϻȥʲôûҫϣƽ˾صؼңôȥȥ粻ֹҫƣǿҫϵί˭֣͹׶ӣҫѾˡ
ԲүӵĶӣϵʦүȰѽжأҪſЩԶЩЩСڸĸǰǳԵİϷȥġȥɣү㣬Ҳȱ㡣

ҫ˲ضѾˡ
ҡҡͷᶨ˵ֻΣҫԼҫЩʱհɣҫ룬Լļҡ
ļڶʮꡣʦЩŭȴѹ˻˵ԼүȥɣܲܲǶ̫̫ҪϹˡ
ҫϾ̧ͷɫϾףΡǺҧҧ˵ѧѶֻʦ͸ˣ򣬾ʹɡ
֣ȴֲֽѪƣ÷ʦ
ƺֻڴ磬ȻһЦʦʦҪνѵͽԸȥź򡣡üһᣬ۽¶мһȥ۽ȥʹԵôݲȵӣ˿ȻľҪȥ



86͵ 
 

٣һεضţȻˣҾͲǿ󣬴үƽճ
ҫһҪƽѵƽŵĵطҲ
ֶ棬ĵƣڽϻŻؼң֪ߵļţ̧ͷھӼҵӡɩ˵ЦԺɨѩϱʮڿ죬˳ҵǰɨˡ

ܼȥæɩӺЦ˵ֵܣˣȥӦšǹأ⳵ӣɵġ
ָָԱһոµѩγ۵Ľ
ҫϵļ类ͳһʹҲɱ˲ѪѪȣȴû뵽ʦ˿죬˲ңǱߵѾһˡ
ʦ˵ƽĪǡ
ҫϰȳͥԺ˼ݱȥŶ뺰һ磬ҫϻˣ
һţȻ㵲ѣ˲á

λ곤Ŀˣ޷ףЦ棬Ա߻һλ꣬ñӵ͸ͷĿİףˡ
ε֨ҽ⳰˵ôпѽˡſȥ
תͷɨһۣɫ𱸡
ֶǿЦ˵ë꣬λЦˡ
˵վͿ״Ը˵ãλš
ƺ⡰Ϊ⣬ҲþεضЦǡ
ҫϸǺͿɶͷԣЩʲôˣɫƤ£Ƥñ˵ӣֳ֯ӱһһεģ԰ŹԱߵݣĲߣѼñѹúܵͣ׾գһӴ£źƤӡ
ֻǿһʱòʶǼǲġЩ˵̸ֹˣ͸ɣưеˣģɡ

ЩȥڽֵɨѩĴɩĽĿЩϳֻͣʱ˵DarcyȥңǱҪˡ
ڻӣҫϴʧɫˣѹֿȥ죬ȻڻӣǻӣΪʲôŮװأѩʻ룬Щᡣ

ҫ߿˻صѾȥ鷿ʣȥڿô;ˣ
죬ʱ֣˵ŶǶ˿ˣǿ׵һϯǲ󷽱ġСܾͽؼؼҳԷⲻ̫̫˼ҰЩĻ
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ҲᣬԸ˵ȥԷɣɩ˰⡣
ҫæ˵ˣɩӰѵķһ͹ȥɩӼҳ
½ǰߣҫ׷̽ʣ磬Щʲôģһͭζ
ЦЦ˵Сӣͬ޹ؾͲҪʣԵûЩˡ
ҫ룬飬̬ȣЩ˺ǲмձˣͬеĪҲձˣ
һ˵ձɽȥ룬ձˣʲô˲룬ô˴磬ĪǴԾй֮

ĵĺɣǱɩѾںꡣ
ۿɵĽȸ̵ϣٸȻݸС塣εú˵С˵ԣԼԡ
Сݲ»ɣ绹ܻԷġɩһ仰һͣסӣ͵ۿҲڿЩɡæ˵˼ˣҵϣпء

϶ǮΪ£͵ġĸͷ
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ҫϳžֱУɫС¥ۡ
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ӿЦ˵ǱǮҸأûü壬뿪ˡ
ҫżǱǮȻǲ֮ƣҲЩôġ
ЦЦ˵Ǿˣͷ׾ݣҪסԺ
ô׿躼ʣЩԾ
ԵѰҵءҫϴ

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뵽̬ȺɫҫҲΣ˵Ҵһƽ£һҲ㣬ÿձˡ
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ӵͷС׽迧˵ʵأҲǴһλĴͻ֪ϿʲôжˣҾ룬ǰȫЩǡ

ҫϵֻŲȥסӱ˵лл㣡
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Ƭ̣ҫϲ˵Ҳ죬̽ȴţƺܵĽ٣˽Щܿס߲黹ңֶôݶĶԴ糾ŮӣΪ㵣ġô뿪ȷʵЩѿ
üͷǣСڿȱȥҪΪѰ·
ҫϺγֶǱܵδûˣֻҪ˼һң뵽ľ͸

Ǳ߾ƽٴҲǲǹµĶӵ
ҫĵԥǸ⣬˶޳Īǵ¡ǣϾǱձռ죬ԽܣҲԽܡΰ׵

ؼҵ;Уεȴ顣ɣȥأ
ߵһ֣ҸƸУԣнһȥ
ᣬЩм̸˼˵۾ЩѰԣǳԾͬһֽ
н꣬룬ָ⼸СǮѰ»ؼȥŪˣ˵ŸɡҼȱǮҺڡ
ʣеˣ
ҡҡͷβô֪ġ
ƾ𣿡
ҡͷ
ЦˣЦúܵ˵СܷƣһһöΣ
ͷ˵
Ȼȴβסеϲø󱦱
ͷԸΪ˸ӻؼȥɻˡ

ؼң·ϻһ·ͷ¡쵽ʱԶԶıӰںͬнǸѧ¼ŵһˣ飬źص۽󣬽ѩŢߡһ·ˣֻȸڿ֦֦ͷѩ¡
Ҫ磡
Ȼ䣬һ߷ɳ۶ȥݵԱһѹŢ˦۽ŭøҪڣ̧ͷʱǳȻ



87ɳ² 

磡ֱͷ˺ѵź
ͻͷǳ˴ȴȻһת۵糸ʻ롣ܼžŢѩأ֦ͷԾС񣬳ҫϱͷһ飬޾ίȥеţƤֱֽȥ
һ˵绳ͬӵ´ǰʧһ㡣һļ¶ۣͣⰵ⣬оգ
ͷֱĶձ˵ĳҲҪСġıͷȴڼ 

翴ϵֱôôˣڿεĵطǺԶ𣿡
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翴˵˼ҸǮˣҪ̫̰ǮٶҲӶ࣬þͿԡ
ҹɩüɫ軭յ磬ϸǰƽݣҫϼѰնϴ󶼶ĸ׵ľӰ
ѽؼȥеԴŲȻһЦ߱˵ϰ˵ĸȼƼһҽ̻ҽԺġ˵ʵ϶ǱһʧģƷΪĸҽȼҪԺһӹ۲дҽѧ档
ƺҲԴ˻Ȥͣסӿ
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ʵд˵Ⱥ£ôڻǮΪĸβԴֻ˷ܰˡ

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ַ˵˵˵ӣƪó׵ģƪմɼġָЩŵӢĴЩЩƫ֪
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ЩԾȻҲڹġ
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ҫŴ磬ϴȻЦû˰йоذİģԵࡣ
ʣ磬仰иҲ˵˵սɱʿǰѪˣܵų͵٣ȥйͷĺӶûˡҲȥӺȥ˵ˣ͸ԾΪģڣ΢ܾձֲȴϡģӦ֪˵˭
ҫȻ䣬¯ӳͨ졣Ȼ˺˧羴˵ĭûˡ

׿躵ʶ䣿
ǣ˵ô󣬺͹ԱЩġ
Ȼʣ磬˵ձΪʲôһҪܣԼȴڱݡ
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ҫƿ¥¥Сӣıؾ֮·
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ǼˣǼҲֵϳﳤȥ

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ǰߣںʣȻǷ͵ֶΣǶˣǸɫջںޣͱ˲ϷŹ

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ǣĸأɩӺʹأʣϸעӴ
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ҫϲ⣬ס˵磬ͻظΪһ˶Ķֳ
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ͷ˵ʦҫͨڣڱƽֶΪЧ𣿡
εһҫѽĽյĵλݣã㲻֪ϧء
±ҵģҲ졣˵
ЦˣǾˣԹԾͷʹȥ˳̹ӣһľ͵ҹ

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ʮůĸůġһ·Ÿ·ԼƵóһ㡣
ǼүӣҲһֱһջɳ²ȥ

ŵӿڣͼɩſڽĵȴȭţΡ
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ܼȥʣôˣ


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ѵѵ֪ȥѽ

涪ۣĺǳԺڴҫӣæ½첽ڣȿﻹζת˼Բߡ

磬Բסˡͬѧ͡Це˵滺ŵա
رˣҲͬˡ
̻Ŀ̽ѰɩȴСֶһ
ȴһŭ𣺡סڣ˭ͬȥͬЩ֮ͽ˻ȥɡ׿ûֲФ

Ъ˹ĺȻŭˣһ㣬Ӵ綯ˡ
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Ĭţţ磬ЩǺӣҫɺáͰˣЩ

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ҫףԭƽΡλָǧĽֻʣӵʿȻǳֵϾ˹أȥĵϣһٳɡֻѹȥéʯͷֳӲȥġ

ˣʱŭŷһƿţֻʣ´ӵ޹ʱЩν־ʿˣΪͼԼһʲô߷ڵһСȥѳܿࡣҪ׷еԴԼȥˣ˽ѣѧԭȥͶѽο۶Ӻɩӣ
СܣɩȴһˣȻ˵˴治Ļȥ˵ѽ㣡

ҫɲＷ󼸸֣ڷȴ뵱񣡡
ˣʿҺȻƽտƶר˽ȴʵЩˡ

СܰɡС̵ܳɩʵĻＷ֣ǶϰѸˣ
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СܣСܣͷɩӷ·Ԥֲ֪鷢ȴϵͷ

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ƽΣƽΣСܰɡɩӾĿ



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ҫУǽ״ƴֲһ㷭Ծֹȥһߣܣһס
ܵģһ飬ҽһβһʽҪȥ򢡣
һæ֣ȴһ۽Ҵ䣬ƲҪսٻغһ㡣
ɩӾŵҧȭͷƴҡͷСܣôֳ֣ܺ
ҫϵĽѾɳȴͣڰջ˽ȥǴӮˣճƣֻһʤ㣬ɲ⡣

ȴ֪ҹֻϢˣ˻ƵĿŻ޴Ķš
ҫ˵ɩ°ɡҫϾˣƾ紦ãϲδ򣬾ȥ˭ֳ
ĮӴ磬絧½֣ȴ˿顣
ҼҷţҪӣ

ɨɩһɩԱ߿֣Ҫȥ
ɩرܣȴ顣

۶ԴЦЦ˵תȥҪҪ
۴磬ŭɫۣ޲ŲФһ㡣
룬³ˡµĿرӲۣĵĲʺίڱ裬Сֶ档
ſﾲĵȺʹϮ
һְ䡣

磡ýУһ׹ȥԨһ㣬׵ػʱİȻ޴棬·ȴಡһ죬£۵ҧϣ
òô򣡡ʡ
룬ʹɣҪң򴽣𻰡

˵ȥĲòô򣿡һ޴¡
ҫϱҧʹǣＷһ֣ã
Ϊʲô㣿ݺһ޳£һɪ۵õ
žһ׷齰£뻹Щ˽ⳡˣ˵ȥĲòĽ̻壬Ž̲ģ
ΥİʱĵļȻļҷʼˡ

һӳ£۵Ӵͦ۵öͷ磬ЩɱءίĻȴƺͬЦ
ǶĲǾ㣬ɩ˵ֶ
˵
ãѡýֶ̻˴羡ֻ֣ԼƤԿࡣ
Ǽ޳£Ƥ޹´øֽǣǳԲ۵ҧ˵磬ҫϲðײ磬Щ˰ɡҫϣ´βˡ

Щˣû´εġ˵ݺִ򣬸Ƥⲻȥ
۵ڿϷ۵ô죬ʪ͸ڴϢţʵ
ǰ˵˶᷸Щ󣬲ܷˣ޻ͷ֮·˵һ籩ʹŵôޣҭţʹˮ̶ţҪѽˣĲˣ

׿סҷҭȴıӴ䣬ѵСʱ򣬵ұʫʣҺټ˼ңԼǵøգҪסȪˮ
ҫֻȰ裬ʹʱʱģһɣǱӾͺݺҧϣ۵رţȪˮ
Ϣľ񡣡
ϢϢľء䣬һӳϡ
깶壬ǧ𡣡
޿ѡĸűʱʫ䣬ȴӱٴɳϵʿķսɳҫ߹սƵʸûУֻŰţҲߣġعʱûɵ򣬰ʹ費ȴĴҲ˱ظ˶ǣϾԼֳ޿κΡ

˼һұԻʣԻȡ壬Ω御ʥ飬ѧ£׿ŭţһޱ޴ϣһ䣬һޣ۵ɿܵͬһظšֻˣǮѣͬʲôȡʲôأ
ţᣬ룬Ҷ˳ܸðְɡ
磬˼һʲôˣӰټҶҫϾҪ⽴ˡ
Цͣ˵

Ȼͣס֣Ĭ
ת绳׵λϸ꣬촽䶯˵
ʱί֪ţǷ˴Ƿʹһظ

ȥȥֶȥΣۣ׵ǿ˴š
һӭ˻ѩ磬ٿȻ˿ûϵʹ˵̫أѾľ
ɩֶ˵Ժ£ѩغĻѩɩΪñӣֻСֶԲȥȡůСϵˮƺһ㣬ֻʣҭ

֪˶ãǺХı磬ѩƬë£ҪǳѩˡСѾƣ߾Ҫ˯αɩĴպѣĵȴϨ
ҫһϣҲ𣬴Ϊʲôĺݣ
磬˯ôĹҫϹҫʹˣίˮֹ䣬ڱʹܡ

ƹˣŵ̨ǰ ߰ɣСװӲĹأҲǿ㡣ҳ룬ͷѵ򡣡
Ŵ磬һζ踺أѵôһ仰
һ֣ƱһԪݺϣԪһءͷίŴ硣
ۣҪСߡޡ
СˡɩҲ
ĲĲ֮ƣԼߣһһ١

СΥҹ棬Ĳѣʮ⣬һţȥˣ
ҫϾˣŴʣ磬ЦҪùˣҲҪиִ硣

ȥҷԸɩҫϵĽ⣬֪粻ǿЦģҪš
ǶǮΪҺãΪ˴ѽ
ɩŸȵطǰϤӣǷϵּӶǧͶʱ
ָݺݵ˵ظܣֵܶӹϽʳӣԸȥ͵ȥģȥƭˣպ󻹿ɱ˷Ż޶Щ˵ûʲô鷸֮ˣˡҿǶϰѸģ̫ʧˡ!
׿躺ݺݵغָ֣ԺţȻ

ҫϲͷЦˡ
ҲˣҲˣҲˣǳĳҳҫϲФŽ̲ģҲܵܣο˾顣ߣҾͲߣ͹
ڿ޸ͣھӼҵĴȰ˵ԺһƬ
׿ǿܳġ򷣶Ǹõģ˵ž̫ˡⴺһֱڿԣ𶳻ˡ



90 
 

ҫϾǿ׿躣§ס
ɩӽ˵ҫֵܣƽչɵһˣô׾ˣͷ֤´θ˾ͺá
ҫ룬˼򵥣װͰ͵Ŀ⣬ҪһɩӵȰϵʹͷ綳һ㣬էһƺͷѵ

Ǹͷ£ȴشＷ֣潸Ұ֣ȻҤղôһϴĸ棬ȴǸȾĲƯɫˡ
񶾵ģ㵺һϮĲʹֹͣһ˫ͣסᣬŴ硣߳ж裬ֻΪǰˣֳѵ׿躵ʼվ˲ǾӵĳĮӵĿ⣬ֵܣ
ǰʹĵһЦĨЦǳһתݣһײšɩһ飬漴⳰ЦЦȰ⣺ҫֵܣͷϣȰ˵ɣȥҼҴպһޡ

׿ҵ£˲֣ں
ɩӸǾȻ֪
ԲɩӣӵƢллˣٹǣҪиճġɩȰˣԺڲŻָƽԸһ㲻ȥҽԺźĸףʲô

ҫϲżĸ׻ҽԺӲ֪˭źš 
ϨƣԺֻʣԶҰèĽ
ҫۣѾԼˣѰǸ󣬼ֱȡ衣Եͷ̣ҫ϶ɩ˵ͦסˣȴߡǵ˷׷Ī
ǵԼӣһϢĴڴɩĿȥ
źĻѩźХı磬ֶԽԽء
һ䣬һֱסʱͷĶͷѣ͵ˣѡ
ҹ޼ҿɹ飬ȥأ

ĴԽԽ΢ַҪ˯ȥ
ҫϺһģưֶȥһ·һǣ淢Ĳ£ڶȥ·
ŭ𣬴Ǿ̶ĻڶߣԭһǻȳĴֳ

ſڣҫϲ³ֻߺ˸Ǯ
ִµֵǼٰҹ糾ͣóжӭ
ҫҲԸڳһ䷿ӣ˿ͱ˴ȥЪ
˭ȥ׿˷˵ģＷʡ

Ϊ׵Сʮֻ飬Ц˵٣ôȻҪ¡ǶСޣ֪ôҪ¡ү

ҫһЦ߽ӹȵëΪʱĵʹ˵ȥʦҵȥ
ڿԣææչˣҫ룬ٰЩСӿɻ˿ף
٣⺢ӲòѽԵģɡ
ҫͷ̣Ҳ֪ǰķȣǱûĵĸġ
ԸȥУԼʹ졣ֺúݡ߷߲ƽĺ޴磬ǸǰаŪǷǺмҲܹСˡ

٣˭ˣЦӯӯģҫӭȥȭʹ
϶ʲô񾭣һȣҫϴȻǰˡ֮죡

Ȼű
ǹͷȻüͷţŭʱĿеŭˡ
ôҰˣϵϴŭ
ҫ޿ɾͨ£ϵˣͷݼ
ҫϡϰߵǾ䡰ȴ˵ڣûǧͶʲô

ϴϸŶӣЩİ޽ǷͷԳ˫۷ӵĶͷʳָݺݴüһ䣺㻹ܣ
ѽ⺢ôˣǲˣһУ˻ŵΧȥСѾԲ£ڳ鴤
죬ҽԺʲôѽϴһҫϳǰһѱ𴺱壬ϴס˵!ȥ

ȥǼҳҫϤĽ̻ҽԺҫɩĸףչˡ
ȣͷ˼ҡ
ⲽʱ̽ͷ·ĺӡ
Ŀʱϴһ˵⺢ӣͬСʱһģ۾һˮҪƵġ

ҫϷǽϴһ־ʣҸղſþƣ֡
ٿȻֱϴѰ˼ʣʦݵҲ²ȥ֡
ҫȻǸ˭ĳüͷһ壬Ŀ᲻ȥ˵һ䣺ⲻǵϣ𣿡
ϴɫʱˣһ٣ôҶۣ
ҫϴǳ鴤Ĳһ˸߹һԽͷأʱϴʿѰ̨װؼҺ󣬿ʰ㡣

һУСʿʧǵسɫҰ׵ָ˺棬˳ҫŴ˵
ʲôϴյʡ
ϴ˵ûˣһգ˯ˡ
󡭡򣬴򡣡ʿָ˺ͰͣײһĻɢһһλ곤Ļʿ˵402Ǹ̫̫
úõġʱ˵СʿͰ͡

ҫȾܣֱĸ׵ĲδžȺ죬ڹ߻谵Ϸ˰ڴϣֻǵɴֱ컨壬һֽס
ҫϾòĸףĸס
̫̫û죬СʿĴô᣿ҽͶˡ
Ϣ곤Ļʿ˵

ɩӣɩȥҫĴҲʣ㷿ļأ
˵ȥûæ㴲Ҳˡ
ҫƿ˾ͳţһ·һ·ɢ룬ΪʲôΪʲôѵʲô֪

СԺѾ賿ŵھͼΧſڡ
ʲô£
ƿԺȥȴӭ漸λѲǰסǹָͷ
׿ǸĲԵСӣ
ѽĲѽ׿ľһˣƽʱӲģôô޲ֵܡ
˵СģСǼŮ
ѽѽѽ

ҫȻЩƯʻ㱡
̧˰ײʬ߶֣ڣֻĴ֣!
磡ҫϲԼۣЩ˵ǰ


91ԩ 

СĽŰײڲĿպߵ۾ɴƲмڿţβǰʵһ
ץסѲһӵϣȴץס֣£磬磡ҪҴȥ
СĪǸӰɣͷĿָ˺شʡ
ھסȭͷ֣ŴִȥȻǱ佩Ӳ΢оȻһƬƲʱѾǰ̧ߣڴϢɴǻ̿֡

ſдޣһֻɽﱩŭĺӣҴڶǹڶ׼ţ
ʱͷͣ׷ʹѵԼһѪۻҺڱǽϣֽŴųصͣǰդţǸɿݵéݣη
ϣȥµһôĺ
Сû۶ûġ
˵һ˶ɱˡΪĸ粻ǮȥĲƨɣͷˡ˼һ˶ɱˡ

ҫ˫һ̱ڵϡһ˶ɱˣ磬ɩӣĸס
ҫţֵĿ⣬ƴҡդŴ£磬Ҫ磬ҳȥ磬磡
ͽ͵̱դ£նĿդƳͷָЦǡ
ǿӴпٳƲƬСһǴʲô·ϳ£ɫͳ񲼣˹õĶ̴ֻǲеİƣãŵϸϡõӵԭ޴ȥͳһ֯аƵİӡùĹأﲦȥݶƵһϡʱͬڽӡǩֵġ
Ŀȴץס˺һǣѵҪʲôܣ
Ķ񲼽סƺ漷һˮһѪʾͿԣŸ߸ߵСƮѩôһƬƬҹͥԺѵʱѩһıĵİΪʲôҪͬ綥죬ҪǸѽΪʲô常𷣣ȴ׸һٴΪʲôѩЩʱֱת⣬ת⣬ǿʱҲⳡķһжǻ췦Ϊ˳ͷŴһҸôָٿȻʧ޿

ʦˣ͵˵绤ġ
ҫϻ̧ͷʦϳɳ͸ƻĿ⣬ͷ
֤˵֮ҽԺɱֳֻϧƫƫ۷ȥ׿ңҽԺ֤ҲΪ㿪ѣңϷҽԺıɱˡ
ûɱˡҫ૵ҡͷס˵ûɱˣûɱˡ
ɽ
ȻţҴ磬׸磬ҷѾǧһص׸磬ΪʲôҪɱΪʲôҪɱǿ־壬ʹۣţԸʱһֻһζѡ

֤ݶ㲻ܲھ˵ǰļСʱΪĲĶϰģڼﶯҷʹ㣬⣬裬ҪϳšǷʮּҵִڷ
ҫϱۣʵ
ģҪǮĲֶ·ԡ
ҫ俴үʦۣ߼ˮƽڿһЦ
ʦԳЦʦҲѾ㡣е֤ݶ㲻ַ֤Ǽڶαһˣ¹ڳȴֳҪ룬ǲ˾ƣˡ
ʦѭѭյҫϷߺ޵ĿȥûɱˣûУ

Ȼ֪ûɱˣ룬Ȼ䣬ȻһͷͷȻ𣬲ᣬġ
Ŀ۶ҹŭݣǴڵ֣ǴϵİƻǹȵʹǴϷϷˣѣˡʲôԭˣ˭ɱ˴硣ɱ˱ͼޣΪʲôأ

֨֨һֻСӽܹʹ
Ż򿪣״ӵҽ͹ƤСñҩС
֧žžžĶգҫֵȴסȥդϣưդϣץסϵһգ˵ģΪǮ

ЩҪʲô
ҫϾУס֣ס֣Ť϶죬ȴ¡
֤ݾٴȥĲסһٱ򣬻ǵԺھӵ棬ȥ¶췣򣬲ɱġ
ЩƣҰްſңҲ֣ſ
ͽͣЩмĻ޴Ӷܡ

ĥýƣԣڴϢĿʹΧʮ˲ó
ʹ絶ԩ˿Σ⺦һҵ˭˴

춯ĬĬΪſӣۣģгϤӰѹ͵ñͭɫӣǷ
ҫϡ͵͵ģŵţͷֵݸһĵ˳
ѽ֪Ҫ´ִԲ򣬽׷Īɣ߳Ļ
ҫѰ𰸡

ִԣͳˣҡͷ̾Ϣ
ҫϺ޵ҧĿ纮һ㣺Ȼ֪࣬ΪʲôҪ
үġ־͹ԼȰһСҡͷ̾
¶ˡӣҪ

ҫЦһжһΣôҸڹУȿƼķ⣬ˣôĪȥˡ
ܲѰ취һͿ컯ˡʦү̾˵

Ŀͣشɫ㱣ͷŸ߸ߵ촰ǲ룬ĽơѵֻΪӣעһĲڣѵǱ屳ѣ·ͷƬһ£ðѶ۵ӣޱȵʹࡣƺõļЩ꣬ϰˡΪʲôȥԴļˣ硢ɩӣϷˡᣬֻʣãȻ
üԼ˵ҫϵãȻĿܴ̼֩һʱҲƽ˵㾲ĺúȥɣү㲻׷ƽӭؼң֪Ϲٷȥе°´㿪ѱܻ㡭
ҡͷȥҫȴЦ͡Ƿݺɽڣ֪ĹݵϢҹŭǰշƱĳӺˣȻǰߣŴһڷııɺϣ˭ôأ

Ƿݷŭޣɱ˼޻ٱľͷȥӥȮЧɣ
ۣ֪˼գʹ䣬УȻ˴ˣ

92Ҫ ... 
 
Darcy,DarcyҡĺۣɾȣӣȻǻӡ
ϲǻӡӴһձñΧźĻɫëΧ̰ͷС˵ֻ˵
еķһһڳϴүôԵ㣬СΪүˡ
ҫͷһη⣬?ĪҪϷɱˣ
ɴۣЩ̻󣬻ӱ߰ھƲ˱ߵͷ̽ȥ϶Ǻڵ˶֣֪ΪʲôҪ㡣跨ҽҪߣȥΪа£𣿡

ЩͻȻüձ˴ӦһҪΪձ˰£ʱ֣Ϊʲô
Ŀ˵DarcyҶһƬģĿ𣿵ڴѧμӣıҳȥӵġ
Ľһһģȶĳӫӫ˵˵جĴܲĽиõİ취ֻ׵İ취ˡǱߵϰ˵Ͱᣬд֤ΪЧң跨ȥһDarcy룬˳̫ݶ˳߲һԶûСûƾʵ֤һģǽѶ˵ϴ󼸴Ҫͷ㣬׷Ī
ڴңĻظ
ҫһĺ磬ȧ΢¶˫ݣһ˫Щ޹⣬Цͷʣû𣿡
ʿӯӯˣô֡ƾʲô㣿Ϊ㡣

ͷȻˣЩҫ鲻ãҲԼǨŭֻǳ·ô޴ѡѵֻȥˣ
Ҫ˵ϰңҺֶ
ҡͷɱ˷ֵֽ÷зܳ
ҫϿЦһ٣ƽֶκݶûֽΪǮΪȨȥ˵˭ҺΪ֮˭ң˴˵ģȥ˱ָ

Ƿݺͬ𿴿Ͱ˵Ҳȹ཭ȥȡЩʿΪЧߵİ˴ջ˳
οñֱʹձ̽ȥֽĺͬ
Ȼ䣬Ǿ仰ЩܷһΣ޻ͷ·
ҧñϣʣôˣ
ҡҡͷ˵롣
һЦðɣͬѧϸһ£ʱ򲻶ˣȶ֣ǾѲˡ

Ӳߣϴˡ
ҫȻͷĿоȴЩŪүʲôǱǣǰɱȫҵֳңˡ
سԵͷʵ㿴㣬ʲô¡һУڼѵţһӣöġ
ܰ㣬ƨɵĻܸһӡװӡ

ǻĺǿѹţһ˵ɺϣǰΪ˸ɫʹº֣һУ½ЬȡηЦ˵͵װҫһǷ
žһĶҼϣڿյηϴĿûеһ˵־
Ц˲ͷٴ𻰣뿴ǰʧį飬һﳤȥǵ㱨ĿⲻеѪ뵽ߵĻذߣ
;һı̹ǡ

ٲ¶棬ɫ
伫ĥʱ첻ӦеزӣһԹЦ
٣СûϸƤءǺõСϷӶζ
ûҪϷˣһƤҹʲôá
˵㣬ûǮɱʲôѽǴҲ⵰һԼȥﵱӲǮԴҪûˡ

˼գһϺõľƲˣǰ˵԰ɣһˡ
һ٣ҫͷһ룬ΪʲôʾͶɱ
ԿǹӶһ˰ˣȥϺȥͰɡ

۵ϣҫȷԼӢ£ȴҪڷһ£ԼǴδıεˣǣԼǴδ̻ĵεӢ䣬¡
Էɣʲôҵģʮһú

룬ȴһѹ棬һ֣ˣ
ӣԭӻڵĴ𸴣ͷһȥȥձ˵İ£һֻһ

һţģþ̽
ƲһλСģһ䣬ǺóԻǲóԡʡ
Ｗ֣óԣҪ


93 

һҹδߣŴ£ֱʱǲҰ׵ʧҫ룬ֻҪţֵóѣѵһҰˣѡȥûиĻᡣ
۵죬ǻˣ̵˵ˣͷôš
ҫϣͷˣ˵/
ҫͻͷЩ⣬Ǽ°ñȦɫЦ졣һͻȻ˼

Ϊ˵٣㻹ˣ߰ɣ
ҫüͷһ˵һ䣺ץˣǼھӣΪףΪôײһúӣɱˡ
ҫţֱ޻̸֮ھӣھӼǳϷġ״Ǯ׾ʹɩˬĺˡ

ܣš
Сͷŷˣǻ㲻ɣһţ
ܳ۵ĹǰһĹ˾Ľ˭Ūǣܲɩһңᣬôˡ

ؽ£мӰ壬ȥʱ𽥿ǰ˵
ǸףƤѩǰ塢ʦүΡ
۵һڼ⣬ӭȥЦǺ˵ܿˣϳȥ𡣡
׾ߣҲĿǰＷ֡ԩ
ʻʱſһϤףӡͿѵ˲ǻӣذˣ

ʱͬĿԣʧ룬ͬذʻȥһ£Ҫѩޡ
ΰ״ĺ£һȥɽĹи׵¹ڣŸ߹ĵط
ҫϴһָ췢ģҪΪ籨ѩޡ

һԲסȰѽܸٻү׵ء

ҫϲδһҵجĸߴֻʣС壬Ҫؼң𣿡
ҫźҧ˵Ѿˡ
Ϊʲôؼȥ̵ĲЩ𣿵Ǵ򴺱һٰɣۣҲˣҲޡ
ҫһѱסε˵̵ĲҪȥҽΣæ㷢ջԵȳȥˡСչ˴ûôǮˣСҪȥǮ㣬ȥǮֵĴƱҪööǮԣҪԣҪҪ뿪С塣Щȥȥ

ʧĿޣ޹һֶµĵͷ˵ԣβҪȥԼ档ڹҲҪǮġ
ҫϱӣˮתʱſڣֶֿһתȥ

ϣôѽʮ϶
£ҫһȣһսûĴһ飬Ŀ̿֡
ӵβ˲棬˺æ£Ц˵٣ѽǿ֣ٲӡ
˵շԸӺϴϳ

ǣȥҫϻŵñ˵ү˵뾩ضôٲ֪𣿡
ҫϳ֮죬ҪضȥˡԸ׵İŴ޴ӿܵģЩָͲҴ˵ϣԲ򱱣ǰʬδԩѩ׵ߵ

׿İ...β죬ҫϺݺһ۵ɻæͷЦ˵үѾԸȥ죬ٲصġСүȥȥ˺⣬λǲŵģⱲʹˡ
ҫ϶һЦ
类˪̧ͷ
٣ɣˡٻض˵ز˾˵Ҫҫȴһסϳ

٣ס
ǰһӡĲֽ˵٣үԸΪٺСүµ·ٻϰɡ
ǰӡİװֽǶ˰ͷõģǱ£ƽжЧ¡µһװ¡һǺӵ·С·ҵʱĸоЦЦԼϵۣǴ·ľ͵ġ
˵ɡ
˵ѽƳӣֻϳдƵգˣ޴ѰˣΪá

ٳʱٲȻһˡ󲽳ţӴ³΢ڣ˿Χ˾ȵ
µľӣָָ˷ʣ٣ǷΪ׼һֻȥ
ɨΣæЦ˵ǣΪٱһֻӰɡ
һķֶ棬ת˳


94ǧѰ 

ǰعݡ
ϴ붬Ⱥ߲㣬һֱڷﲻϳ
ܻؼңţϾʹȥ׷ʰߵ鷿ĺľţűߵùܼҵɫҡҡͷ
꣬ˤһ죬ģһҪ췴𣿾һʮ꣬ͷҲ֪ҡβ͸жһԺأǣץȳƤȥͥԺĴʾڣ

ܿЦ⻰Щ飬Գҫҳߺ󣬸ı֮壬²Ҷԣöˣϼһɫ󣬵Ϊˡ
ԳҫߺλԪϽϴȥϣмλ׳ɵҲ׷ȥ˵ɽ̩ɽɵеƽܵУܷһȥͳҫһˡ
ԭͬϴһ뿪ƵĹҲ㿴ҲҫϺ󳾺Ȼȥ

һµĹ򣬸Բ࣬ͷƼ۽Ҳࡣ
ߣҲѩϼ˪ǿ£ҫµһէЩġֵ£´ܹ˾ĶžͻȻְľȫƾȥ˵ǲˣͬеų˵ȥǳҫһ־ģ졣

٣һرܰɡùܼڵ˵õϢڱƽ 
ƽʡ
ǣүѾɷʦүȥˡòԾ죬ͳĬˡ
ҡҡͷǼɫֹֽϻЩΣȥ鷿źŶ룬ڼѲĸ˹ͷʮ껹˦˦βͿһԺһеľˣѰȣȥͥԺʾڣ˭ӣ
ЦЦ·ĳƬȥһӣǳͣĳظһ䳪ʣ˿Цá
źƽʣܰϸ𣿡

һ仰ϴסû뵽ֱ׵·ҫߵģҭµ޻˵ܣ˵ǼǹԼȥѰʦүץϸˣҲץġ

˶ֵѵϴӵۣϷ˭ʹˣһӶð 
ܿЦӲþʣһˣʳѰģڵϸֻ˸ģο˶ʮĶӡ˵ӣҫϲĶӣȥûѪԵϸ񲻹Ķӡ
ȥҲϴˡ

Щŭʵ㵱ԼǴϷү𣿾̫Ϸү׶ӶҲ¼ҹ𣿡
ϴһɣеӿ輸£ȴû¡
֣µŲȥͬϸú̸̸ԶǸ֡㶯óӵѵˣҲͬ˵Щ

תȥϴȴסܶ
ͣס˵ҴЩ곣˵Ѷϼ£ûǷǣһˡ˵ĴȲģһֹҲ̲µ顣
ϴеôɳ֣һһ£ɳݺݴֵСӣʱ˿û뵽гһգҫϻᱳ

ڶһ磬ȥ¥²ͣȴ˸ס
̫̫Ƶܶɡǳʲô飿ΪʲôҹＱҴҵظȥվԶţȽŲãʹ¶ŵġ
ܼҴǰ˵٣үӡŶ㣬鷿ҽһ
ŶȻȥƽˣѿڶмλﵽĸ׶ʣүȥƽˣ
źʧԣ֨ǲ£˵ƽǱߵЩ¶
ɱ߲Ǵ̲̫ƽ𣿶Ǳߵûˣ˵ձ˴ˣΣġ
һȺŮţ赭дĴɣΣյĵطҲаȫڡ

Էģʼ۰Ļ¡
룬Ͼүгҫϵĵλ޿ȡǿӲȥƽѰҫˡҲ֪ҫǷѰԼˣܷٻؼҡ

һԴţ˵ֻҪϧϧҪϧϧ
ϣүѽȥ̽ҵĿڷˣλ˵ˣǼС۾ء˼˵ظүͷһ٣Σ䣬־ͬϣо٣Ӣۣӡ˵˵ǰСǲЩʶ̧٣
ָ̳ܶŤӲĵ̣ɣҵϧϧ
ͬڨ¥£鷿ֽźӡ£ЩдƽսҪĳУ񾩽һΣϷӣȴעһȥƽѰӡǳҫϸ˼ҵ飬úúôθ顣



̫̫̫̫үˣҲˡһͨϴѾժñ¶ͷЦǺǵسſڡ
ӻˡϴ󹧾밲
ҫϽСڸعݡ
ҡҡֵʣС壬үүļƯͯĹǱ
СһĴΧһУĿϾӡ
ҫɿ֣ǰϷǰؿͷ밲ţТҫϣͷˡȵؿͷ̧ͷʱ˫һˮ̫̫ЩЦ⡣

Ϸ˰һﴷ𱸣϶⺢ӣȥˣô㡣
ϴ˵϶ɲٴ˵ˣξˣ´ܣһ򡣡

ϴô϶ԽĴˡˡ
˵շԸܼ˵ȥЩҩͿ
㣬ˣ̫̫Ŀ࣬ҫ۵ʣ϶ѽ𣿱ԹúݣΪ㵣ѽЩӶ㣬ȥ

ҫ̧ۿŭݣ˶ĿĻǾϾδ֡תһ룬ɱңҴ𣿡
ϣ⺢ӣѽãѺ϶Сʱһģء
̫̫˵شһ֪Ĵ˷УӦš
ҫϴط£¥ݿܡ

أ¥ϣҫ¥£ܾӸ߸ҫϲ򢡣
ܴʵķԶɲ۵ףͷһЦЦûĨãЩɣ
ʡ
ҫϵͷ˴ǰ˵ж塣
ҡͷ˵Ƕ塣
ҫϾͽܶɡ

̫Բҫޣ߿ޱߴĸӶ˱һš
ҫϿο˵ʲôұ˾ͽߡ
ɵ㻹ܳѽɶʲôĲġֿ̫Цҫֻ˵֪֪ġ
̫Ϊҫ䣬үóҫ°ԭԷΪһ䷿Ҳ֪ӦʲôʹĴӦˡ

Ϊҫϴʱǳصʣ磬Ϊʲô
ҫţյŵЦʧСҲ㶵



95ػؽ 
 

еĶҫ˵ɿ
ʣ磬㲻ҪҳߺЩû㣬ﶼġ
òȻ
ĵǶԶֵ𣿡

һƺ«һھͺ޲򲼶ĳ졣÷޷޵ҫһ̧Ц˵ѽղĿѽҲˡ
þ½󴹸˵˭֪¥ŵǸ㣬˦˦־ߣȵڳͷһͻѿ´˸׳ˡ
ҫЦùıͷֻǺȻ䣬СŮĸоƺЩɬʲô

˯ˣҫĴӵ˶ޱ˯Ĵͷһٸнƿ½׵˺ڣֻ˹ȥ
˭ɱ˴һңΪʲôһưոݣҪˮʯ

ܾóҫһˣ糿밲ʱͬҫϻ¥˶һЦղ׵ķ䡣
Էķڣźϴ
ɨһ۳ҫϣһɫмҾͷĸɫĽȿ㣬ס޳ȣԵøϸ޽΢͹ͷ˶Ҫһ紵һ㡣
ɡһԸǾͻᲢȥԷůƺǶůı͸¶ȡ
ܻȿڣҫϹһ䣺ϢÿɺãʲôԸȥ𣿡

ϴĿͻ´ҫϣٿܣֿһ۳ҫϣһ䣺ʲô磿
ҫЩţŵӿԼϡ
ôĿӰϣҪƯʲô̡ϴһ䣬ܣҪȥ̸ͬ𣬾ʹ·ȥ·µСѽ
ܿԼһ񲼶ʵӣ˵Թȥ

̫Ц˽Χ˵үû˯ðɣξͲͣĴɱɱġƾ˭ٺʡܸɵĴƯĺӣЦﶼҪЦأƫƫү֪ġ

ƯкӳƯ˵ƯģйϵɡǸ飬һ˵ˣԽǱ˿ҪմմϲȥŪЩŪĶСԽŪԽǻˣ¶Ͳʲô£
Ȼ׵Ŀֱ֪⻰ǽѵߵĳҫϵġ
ҫϴƽشţѵǣӼˡ
ǻܾ

ʱ׷ϳҫʣϸ磬ʲôܰ𣿡
ҫסţʱȴûЦ⣬ҡҡͷ˵л
ܵҲˬ죬˵Ҫϸæˡ

˵ϵѣĿһֱųҫϵĿ⿴ȷϳҫ£ҫȴĵס
֪ˣԣϵҿԽֹҫ˵
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ҫļͷįȥ

ǰҫϱסǰĻ˶࣬ȥ̵ķҲȥӦС壬緹̻͵СҲҪȥ𣿡
СƶǶĵͷ

ٳܶʱҫϵĽһȳһյģһѵŲ¶Цͬ˵ͷѡ
ϴ˳ҫϵĹҲ赭дʱҫƨɲմӾͿŵĿͶػ£ȴֻǿ֮һ档ﰵЦҫϺǴϷ˶ĿάϴΪһ֮ϡ
ҫԹʵڣ·Ӽұץصĺӣҳʹһٺöʵϳҫ뿪ǰȨѾ𲽷ָܣֻڡ

ү»˸ëͷСӲ֪ߵغ񣬾ܽѣӲԵģǵ֡
ëͷСͶԸˣϴ
˵Щ̨ģ˺ð֣˴˹ϵǣһȫͶء
һƬۣ˽ѡ
ҫһ̽ʸ˵ҫȥ°ɡ
ϴصͷӦ

˵ǱߣλˣЩֵ˳øȥ̡˵ڹر·Ǳһʵҵ˾ʲôʵҵʲģҪһбء
ֻΡ־ͷһ䲻Ϸŵһֵ
׵Ŀ۵ھʲô
˸־Ըȥȥɡ˵ЩæûڵأȻûйעý£ѵҪ

ܼȵӣ·赲ʲô˵⻰˵˵˴ҲûʲôֻЩֵܴ뿪ʱֽŲɾûĿþͰˣȴҪȥϵͷжĻ͵
գ֪Щ˶ǵִÿڣ£ڣҫȴӻ˵£ҫȥװɡ
ϴͷµ˿ǳҫӦ²£ҲͲپˡ
벻ضʵҵˣѵӺùˣ

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ĵЩ⣬ܹ¹밲ͷźȻȥܵļͷ˵
磬ࡣ˵ϸ磬ۿݣɫҲЩƣֻǼ˷ܣͷ˵ֳЩҲʵ࣬ؼҵɽ亣ζò

Ӵºһͦװʵϳ˵ϣ´̾˵ѽ˿װôһ綼ˡ
ܿԼЦЦ˵Ҫȥеˣ˵ضתˡ磬˳ʵҵ𣿡˷ܵʣΧһжʮʡ
С¥ʽĳ裬ǽǸ¯ɩڼƵǸ
䣬һ𣿡
ҡҷ֫߳һŨױĨŮˣȥڽεļͷЦţ¶һڰ 
磬ɩأܳʡ

ε֨ɫȻŮ˼̵˵ˣѹӸĵĽʱɩӸ¶ˡתʣλǴ̫үܰܰɣ
ܣдɩԸ˵
ȻŮ˾Цӯӯ˵˼ʵδ׼㼸꣬ɩӡ֪ȥɩ㣬ûϢһŭ֮ˡأʶӢۣ͸ɽ˵˵ҹɩѽ

һرͻȻֻڴѰ𰸡
ܣһġûϢɩһŭļˡڵɩӣҽ˴񫣬óĻҶɽ𡣡
ܵͷϾǴ磬ʲôʸԴĻָֻأֻ޷ǰıʡ
ѩʡ



96ͬҲٸ

θǳ˵Ҳã˼ҲˣѩȥˣҶԲסѩ񡣡
˴ѩ˸ְֵСӣȼȥʱŵİۣԴ˸ӣҶĸءŮߴߴҫ˵ҲǰģҲٺòĹޡ

ܣɩӣˡĻۣһȥǸŪӵŮˣ˵һ䣺ϲˡ
һ󣬾ñط໰˵
磬ʲôʱʽţָָеʡ
ɣһˣͼϲ켪˵
ʱǸ߰ܣСһϲ¶Цɩӵͷ͸ȥ

ҫϰձѵ»صعݣֱԼķȥ¡
·ıϡ
ûֱȥĸ׵ķ䣬ĸͬλҧ˽üͷǶƲźޡ
үϹۣǴϼҰСӣٷα󡣡
ҴҴ룬ֹסλһϲӭ೶Ū꺮ůûģĸ׼ʣҲ㿴𣿡ͷ¶ɿѲӣȻĸ׺ʣ磬ȥˡ
ҫһͷ亹ˤų̫׷ں溰ôˣ

״˴״ȥǲһˣҪɫĻף
ҫϽŵس鷿յˣͷһת鷿ǡ¥ײŻؼҵܡ

էҫϷнϻĶҪҲ֪ʲô£סʣʲô
ҫһץסʣү
İ˵үԷء
ҫϷȥ׵ԷҲŶ룬龰Ȼ

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ſڵЦţͷһͷſڵĳҫЦûأŲͨƨˣ
ҫϱ⼫ܰĳ澪ԭض첻֪οڡ
ⳡ棬ϡǵʱҲ˺棬ֻԸ⵱ֻԸ⵱Сë¿ŻȻ򣬸Ҫƨɣ̫ˣë¿ͬøϵë¿Դǰζë¿ͻǰһë¿ë¿ͻӲˡԵë¿Ҳͯ޾Ȥ

Сһͷ󺹣ЦС˵ƻ۾ЦģݽĿ֣ҫ룬ڱƽƽһĴ϶šС
׷סڵ̺ϸ¸´Цڵ̺Դ˵ѽүүˣʹˣ治ˡ
үүүүҪ档ȥүүҡĸ첲
ҫ𱸵Լ˵Ŀͬһˡ

ǸãС档϶ϴҫæȥΪϴɨһӸұȵ컹ѡƽճ޷ġ
ҫſĵСٸнǷݽԵĿɬ׸׺«ʲôҩѵǳһݰ֮ģˡıѼ̣ѵƽŲҰͬ޹أ⻹ĺ𽭺ذ

ʱҫһĹɣӦţʱ˵Цĸһ˿ġ
ϴɨһ۳ҫ˵϶Թ鷿ܶ½
ҫӦһǡֵܶ˸Ժɣ֪ʲô¡

ϴ󽫰е·ָҫϣ˵ڶͬ˵ҵһΰ˵ͷͷǵųҫ˵СҪɣǺڰˣպͿǶˡܶڽƴϲ϶϶أһ֮ޣҪ֡
ҫϽ˵ҫϸܣ岻ݴǡ֮ƺ
ģϴһ仰סʣ죬˻ӣķǵġ

ҫεЦɢȥȴ״ץһžѽȳ־ܣҿȥһӣⶫⶼʹ졣Ǹһðѹڴͷȥǰȿɽӣʵ͵ӦоУˡ

ܿЦãһ۸ֹһ䣺Ǹӣ治۶ϵġ
Сӹ۵ҲûϵɵĲȥµĲϲͿɾȥǸʯͷǡǸѾ߽ʲôţϲ˺ӱӱˣҶӻӡ
ҫúͿŲܵߺ󣬼ǸӺͼëӶĪı۶ſڣҲ֪˭ģϴһŭ֮ҪͨãܲŲѳϱڹϢˡ
ֵܶһոӳſڵڿڰЦһۣѾǵͷȻ¥´С˺ѷεĿ

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Ҫû˵޵óҭҭ濿ɳȻؿ飬ֹţȥһ߿ȥҡ
ţֵ˵Щʲôϸ㡣
˭˵ˣһҶˣֽǳˡҫϲŴСɥǻؼͶ·ˣҲպ

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ҫϣ󣺡С壬ҵǱɱ𣿴˵ҵˡӾĿ⣬еشӳҫĿѰ𰸣Ŀǻ̿֡
ҫͷЦж˵үүϲ㣬Դƭġȥ̿ȥˣ֪𣿡

ҫĿһ棬ȵԺ˵ʵ
һɨһۣȥС˵
ҫϷ´һѾƯǺݺһȭţϼĽ˾ŵĿ޺ҫȭͷݺݵһȭȭ£÷ţ翪ӣѪҫϾһ߷ˤȥ̺ϣ׷ȥȭӣŵϱͷ档

ѾϵȥȰҫ̫ݣǽֱҪǰһѱסҫϵ󺰣ѵ¾ˣҪ𣿡
һʬ⣬Ƥһߣžҫﻰ
ֵܣܷųҫϣֶ˶֣ҫ˦ֵܣûֵܣ

æݸɫţƭ˼Сʲôôˣû򴺱ǸҪסϸˡ
ʧǹѪصغ˵ֶ嶺㡭 ˣģء

ҫ֣ܵ߼ʮʹ¸ǳԾͷ
ͷʱѾ¥ݱ£Ǳֵ˺ͿСʣ˭ȶ֣
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97ֹ 

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Ÿ׺ȻתӴҫϣ˶ĿⶼעԶӡ
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￩һϣӴ£¾ͼ£й߱ҫϣͣڰеӾһδĹ£ǹҪβǲ֪ʱᡣ
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§סϴĲҭ󣺡үүҪСˣүү

¥۴ޣβϴ״㲻ӾͲˣҫѽ
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ˣСڣ̫̫˯£ֵüȮˡ̫̫ǹȰš
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ţĿ޺һѽ
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ҫҧҧ˵㵽˶䣬Ҫȥѧ˱죬ȥ̲ǣ
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ᵽĸգ۾Ĭˡ

ҽԺææ⣬ֱҳҽȷоգ˲ų
ҹϴһ˲½صݣƣߴͷɥ
ҫŸףϴɨһۣ̾

θѪȥļʱ򡭡ϴĮȻ
Ϸ˻ʱˮӯӯģҫҡͷ̾϶ѽΪʲôܵ£Ҳ𣿡
ţһΪҫϣæȰ̫̫¥ȥ

ڶ峿緹ҫһ㰵ɫڲǰȻĶʱ˲ŷСȥ
һûǺӡɩ
̫̫Ҳʣأ
ҫϲ˵ĸϼˣˡ
ȻĿͶΪǣǿȴЦ˵һֱѰң鵽䣬Ͼ׵ĺӣܲ⣬صǸõġ
źҪ𱸣ϴȴ˵߾߰ɣ˼ҵĺӣҲӦġ
ֻĿһֱӳҫϵʹĿ⡣

ɢʣ㱧ȥ
ͬѧȥˡҫ˵
꣬ôģʡ
չˣܶຢô˵ġҫϷʣʹΪһıˣȲʱֻзġܱﰲȫ
һ仰ǵܲȴԳЦ˵ս׷ɵģû̫ƽĹȰȫ

ҫּӣΪڶ
˵ȳ㣬ҺȻЩ̣ǷŲһҵġ˵ôȥҲġԣ֪ͨǣض
ҫϻȻ˵Ȼ㡣
ӵͷľЩˡ
ҫϵͷ
Ŀӣ㱣棬㻹лŲЩǮЧͣǶһ壬Щ̰ҡʵСܣȥŴ
֪ҫΪԾȻ
Ե֣ˣҲҪȥһ·ҲðæӦս𲻶ϣˣܿͬѧڡϵ£Ҳڣɱˣصˡ
ʲôʱҫЩȻ
Ц˵꣬һӡ



98ϵƶ 

ܻصʱ¥ĵġ
Щֲפ㲻ǰһɫƷķΪȥñӣһ糾
үˡ˵
ˣЩϲ־ɢ˼ů¥ֱȥ׵鷿ùܼɴ鷿ſڣޱ΢΢ʾ⡣

˴ࡣ׵
ӻδ˴࣬ƽڼ˵Ц˳Ĭࡣ
ָ֪ҫϣ͹ǷĵĪĸˡ
ˣȻϲӡ׵
漴ĸСӻˣ밲
Цˣ󲽽

ȻǸӣ۾ЩЦЦش˵ɣǵҪɸ£ҪĲ¡
ԸĲ£ȻҪġЦĴ˵ԾưЦСӣʲôʱҲѧ϶컬ˣ

϶֪£˵ɡϴ˵
СܻضһΪŮ»ϲֻ񣬶ֵܲҪͬȻǮ㡣ѺڣƱ
ŶҲϴɵֵʣɾǰӵǧѺͲͿˣ
׮ֻҡͷ˵һλҪ񣬽ϵĹأ֪ʳֻΪҪԱһʧλﲻǵõϢаձ˵ǮҪ˵ܹģһʧձѵصعԶ֣Ǿ͸֪

ﲻ˵ĴġȻЩҵ࣬ǲܲ˼Ĵ𣬶ձ˵ĺôӦ̿͡Ǵɱʲôˣֻ˲в졣
ͬӣ侲ʣֶӣ㣬Ҵҵÿڶ࣬Ӷ࣬˿Ĵ𸴣װɣ
΢ᣬһЦҴҵ˶ӵҲǵġʶ˸룬˸ֶҪȥ飬ֻ˴壬ֶʱԴ𸴣ᡣ

磬¶ܶˣⲽʡ
ϴҡ̹ĻųҲ
ţмǣ׮˵ֻǣߵҲġ
õָ֤߱ʡ
ǶĽˡ֪·׮𣬡ձӦϧжƻͱ㵽һ̣ǵˡ׮ź

ܰﵽ壿ʣһһ֮ͷ׮´һһٵҪԳȥѺڣһʧ
϶ҲԤĲˣ˵ǺϵЩƾͺƾһǺģǲͬġһڣЩڣܲĿ
ſȴǡùܼҵĸ٣ү밲𣿶үˡ
˵Ŀ鷿ţܰյһ۸ףΪʲôƫƫʱ˵ûɵĻǡҫȥ

ҫϹصĽ׺Ͷ밲׮ǰ´ݺһƨСӣͷѧҳˣ˵ͺ޵ﶼҪץݺһ١γ㣿ȥϲܸ㣬ȱġ
ҫֻεشֶҫϺͿТǶ嶯ŭˡ
⻰·׮ƺ⣬ŭЩƨ˵¿ʰ㡣Сӣɿؼﳤģ˶ҳˡ

˵¡ϴѡ
׮˵ƾɺƾĳͬͷӵĹϵͬһ㣬ٵϵʼɵ˫ѪѽȻĪ
һ۳ҫϣﺬ˵صĲѧŮҰæġ½ѧУ̵ܶҪְҪض˴ε£¹ش۵ϵϵҪ

Ҫô㣿ϴʡ
ֶǹҼʶҪǧǹһˡգձ˽ƻǳиʧ
ҵĶӣǧ𲻻ϴ˵
ף壬ҫһɡҫӧ˵

̣ĳ±ضҪܶҲ᲻ãѰصĹ⣬ȥðա׮Ϊѵ
壬ʵɣ·ĳ̶ʲô϶ձҫʡ
˧׮ѡ
ձ˻ըҩ̲ȶǸ𣿡ҫϲŵطʡ

Ƿ񣬾ɥĲ񡣲ɲ׮˵
壬·ɨ׵Ļ԰ףֻӦ£»Ҫ߶༸ˡҫ˵
׮ĿԥЩΪѣȻЦЦ˵岻ܰǸŽȥȨףֻܶ
⻰Ϊǣǿ

ϴüͷȻʣ϶½ˣ
һ仰Ŀ׮
磬С˵ѺڵĹأʣǮٲ˵ġ׮ס⻰⣬ƺɵ
ҫϼʾ˵壬ҫϵǹϲܣϣƥеҲûˡҫϻǶֽ̳ı죬ҫȥɡǶиʧҫϲ

׮Цͷ˵úӣպõĵط
ϴ˵ܶȥɣЩʱеĶȼҸ϶ȥ͵ܵܣЩڶ죬Ҫһʧ

ϴ뿪ʱ΢ı׮ҫ˵϶ҶܶлȻطȥɡ
ҫ΢ЩʣȴɵĹ£Ŵ鷿ţ˵ܶ˴ξͿˡ
һѹֱظоܿԳһЦҲգԭˡ


99 
 

׮ذʵķʱذڶŪһֻ˸ڱ׶ƤʱֻСЩȴ
ˣˡ˸վ˵ţ׮һЦˣ磬ôŪôֻèûֱèʳˡ
ϴǩŪ˵èֻèٸˣ˼Ҳצ

׮ʣôض׼˶Сӣ϶ˣ㲻ϲ϶𣿼ȥ綼ûø㡣
׮ʣ϶ض󣬴϶ʲô
ʲôĵɣӾûϣﲻ̤ʵȥӣŵһ¡ϴֵѰ˼Ц

磬˵ҫձߵƵͬձѸġ
СմǲݣԣȥֻҪȥϴŪȻԵá
ԣԣǰ˸ͣĽš

ҫϻͬηֹ
࣬ҲԵóˣʲôʲôͷɻҲˡǰ췢үƢѸˣȨҼٴСӣ
ȨҼٴСӣ˸ظ˵ϴָ˰˸ЦɣԼè͡
׮ȴڴֹ

------
ҫ鷿ͷ£һİϸ㡣
Աߵһ߷˲һʣϸ磬ôһʿ֧̯ÿڣԹصġ
׷ֺʱôûԹصѽӲùֻսҫ˵бȥӿһ֧ͷӡ
˵ϸɡ
һܱǮ䲻Ǯûн˾ֻս!ҫҲͷԼ£ΪѵӾͶ˵ȥѻǱͷɡûʲôҶĹƽֹȥˡ˭ģȥүȥ!

ϲҫϵǺǹˬػú࣬һõЦҲټˣֻ¶һСԵҫϽһȥǰָһ˵ϸЩ۾ð𣿡
ûдôʵĿĲӦӲϾȥȻ˵ʿЩ֣ô˳ļΣ

ǡ̧ͷ
Сӳȥͬ϶л˵׮Ըܣܶµ˳š
ҫƹݣϸڽڿУһ㡣
׮´Ҳ˵ҫϵͷԽԽͣµĺһ㡣

Լ˵ô죿ʣҫϴͷʱ͸ͷ͵ۿ۶庬˵ҫϸˡٲˡ
ҲƶԴ𰸲⣬촽ȥǽڣƤ
׮ĲǶ϶岻򡣡
ҫϵͣ䣬ҲͷҲ˵

Ҫȥ۾ִԲڣ;ѷ죬һ׷Ī˵ʹļףҫҡͷ˵߹ҫϣҫһУеģҲûˣԹԣ
ɳƣںͷﷺ

С˼忴ڲģ׮ʹָתȥ
ҫӰĺǻ谮񲻸ڡ

ܽ飬أеֽظҫϴҫϲʣ۾ȴڿ
ճҫϴӰյհѰҴǸ̽ţԼȥ¥µɫưһۣбƽҵ档
ҫưɣλ̽С̽ϲ˵Ϣڷίȥ飬ҲˣȴԶųˡϢݣµɱ֮գϾãвʡٿŸǮ

˵ţһƬȥҫǰ
ҫֻͷһһһɫγĳƺţԱվŵĶձñˣɲȥܴδˣ
̧ͷ̽˵ֹЩǮˡ

ʲôҫϹͿʣְŪƬ˴Ӱֶſڴ߳Ƭǽ
˲˵ͿڷͬȥġЩ鵽֪Щ̱ڡ̽˵СĿҡ
ͲҲ㣬ڣҫϰŪмβƣ̽Ц˵Ǻαأʵ໹ǲ֪ΪǳٿϸǮ£ԵڶϰΪ˳٣˼Ҳ˵ʵǵǸӷĿ
̽ѼñؽŵΡ

ϣҳҫǰȫɱ㣬ûܶ֡л˵ҫ˵
̽ͷ˵ɱ׿躵ıİס
ҫ̧ͷؿ̽̽ŪİڳƬ˵λϰ塯ߵңλҲͷ΢ƽ׿躳ɽЩھɩѼȥڸڳģ˵Щ˵ȥѵҪȥǲȥ˭ܱ֤ȥأ

ҫ뵽ɩᵽ⼸ȺѰ磬ЩİĿ˺֡ѵһ˵ֻͣ˻ձˡˣձ˶Ҵ̸ʲô
ΪʲôҲɩ˵ҹ㱻ߣ׿ȥҽԺ;УӿͣһĦǵĺɫ˽γƬǷֵ㿴ӣģ
̽صĳѩҹͣڴӿڣȻҹ﷢Ѫ
Ϣı߶ǸֻгٻȤܴ죬ͷǱߵľ޿̿͸ɵһСҲΣҲȥĴ·׿ͬгҪȥΪձ£ɱ֮

ܴ󵨡ҫƵĿ⿴С̽
̽󵨣ǳԵڷ
ÿ̽һ󵨣ÿ˹Ρ
ţŵðΪãǿǿЩҺڵġ
̽Ϣ̯ϣҫϵɫףǽһɫ


100 

ججػصعݣҫʧһ㣬¥ʱĲɣЩһŲȿյ¥ݡ
٣λĵġ 
ҫչĲһСͬ۱ܣҪ޶񣬴æصԼ䣬ڷⲽϸ˼ģƲ٣ȴȻһ鲼ģдţҫ
򿪣һСľӣ澹ȻСɫΧΧһиСϵãͷһϸ鿴ǰۼûļǺšڽ켣ȻװƱֶΣ£˻֪ǮķٳٳٲԸָ֮ѪܵĶЦٰȻҲ衣

򣬵ҲۣһʱȥǮ
ߵ𣺡٣ˣ̫̫ȥү̫̫ڵˡ
ҫϲŻæ䵭ɫ˵θۣͲȥԷˡ
ĬƬʣٿԵ㿪θС˺࣬ҪԵ㶫ɡ
ҫǿ˵۵ѹ϶ɡ
ôڴշתһĸѾ¥ͷеʣҪôˣ
ЦЦ˵Ǻ磬ʹſһͺˡ
̫ȥãôˣ
ģʹſһͺá
ͣƬ˵ɫԣǳʲôˣ
ҫûǮģʹԼѰ˼Բߡ
޳ĪҪסģͼӾȳС˿ûʲôȾȴҪѰȥæ˿̣ǲкһҵĻذʣƥȥСһЦ

ӣȥȻǰ˵ɱ·ɾǮ

ʮ¶ʮ죬ǶʮŹ˶ʥǰҹ
ʻ磬һƬѩ䵱ѣΧŰСƤһʥҹſڿʥĿ鱦Ŵ۵ʥɢǹһĪĳ嶯ѩú

ĳͷʻر·ʵҵ˾ڳоƬ̣³ȥѰ磬ȻףæȥһӾװˮһϺõĺϣƿϽѣס
һҲŰϷˣЩоϲ

ܣôˣúãúãɩյðҶ⣬кջβϲԵĲˡк׽
ֶŮ˵壬ꡣ
ܱůۺЦεɩӣƷݹȥ˵ôæҲ֪
ǡɩӡҲԳڣԵôֿɬЩɳܣЩУϾɩ׾̻Ȼѩ޴ɩпܹ˭أ

ϣ̫ˣ㣬ɣʲôɩЦտһ˵һ߽ӹеĶŪϣкϯ
ֶ˴򿪾Ƴ˵׳־ܿƵİٻ˾ʵҵ˾ͼ˵ѽףʵɱɱʺ硣ʱ٣ΨǴӣ޸ĸ֮ͺͿӹ̯ӡ
ܶи飬ԡ̯ӡֲҹͬʱȷʵ־ڴˣһҡͷЦЦ
ƿеľƵǵôʱ꣬ǸСëͷǰͼһͷСܣѪȴשͷ룬˼ССͣһ˴ʮĺӣӵġ

ŪÿѰʳҼ˼ҺӵӣЩؤ˵ǵĵ̣ΧҡǣﲡţûԡܿЦһƣǣ磬һɫװñöһָͷʮú͹ȥЩС˦ȥһߣƨʱͶأ¶ľҪˡ¶Цݡ
˵úأҽ˵Һȥļʱ
֪ҵõĴү˿áҾôڴ¡£Ƥԣһξʮ꣬ǲٷˡ
κǺǵЦζ˵ʵʱڶ飬Ĳãүӱȵýɼ

ǣҳߣΪӻȥݡ˵
ǣ˽СܵƿȤȤز廰
ܴһ·ŮˣѡǸ˵ġε˵һӣҪҵŮˣ֧ҵ׳־
ܲðᣬ˵ʱʵ治ʺڰĲݣֲôȡʤ⻹ãơ

˷ܵܿʵҵҶ˵ʵҵ˾ڶʮǰ룬ȸʹ⣬ֻա档
۵׵㽺ഺǷϳɳض࣬ѰԼλǿ£Ϊθˣһƿ¶ǣ΢ſȥصعݡ

ûл˵ƣҫϷ
ؿһһգĿӣǰأҫñΪͷֵȵοΣ
ܷͷͷһ
ôûҫʡ
ȥ½ѧУ̵ӣ½ˡ
ȥʲôҫ׷ʣѰ˼
ȴ·

ҫسܵķ䣬ߵС˵˵꣬ҫڸ֣ʲôƻᣬַǳģô壬û˼Եˡ


101ǹ

ڶ帺λڶһеİȫͬѧСЩܾ·ߣϤ˽Ľ䱸Ϊע⣬ضദط
ӢǸСӸĹ㶫ˣʮ꣬ȵĳƺСˡͻȧǣ۾ȴž˵ĸϣ˵ŨصĿ

ܣСʮ飬ܵ˵ʦǹ޿ڲڶǵ֮ǹ֡
ܲͬףżɽʣҪЧܷԸ
С˵ǳģ˫һǹҵϣǵҪԱжҪ˽䱸ֻΪ˷ձĴ̿͡ùӵóˣЩ˵δ棬ǶϵĽú޹⡣

Сȼ仰֮ܺľ룬ϲ˵·߹滮ʮױѡԴִﶨʱж׷ÿҹ̴ҵרԱտܵ·峿ٳǰѡһշ
ܱȴͣ룬ⲻǺʼݳһˣ
ܿӢʮʶ򲻻˱ã˵صĴ¡

ֻ㣬ΨһķƱձͷߵˡӢ˵ƶܵʶɳĬɱʱĸоǹɺ⣬һǹĸоѾо˵ָڿ۶İ
ɱںɱֶıĿұ죬ţֻǴû˴ĳ档
˵ӢĳҪ˵Сһ˲ģͷ⣬ھƽƵĿ졣Сڶ彫ԵշΪӸɶ׶ӻס

Ӣ͸һ͵ĵ¹PPKǹ
ǮҲ򲻵ģ¹ʽͣԡӢ˵
ܶǹоֵİŪ
һа׵Ӣ¼ܾͱΪ˶Ŀøκȥ½ѧУ
ܿһ۶壬˵ﶼܽκ֪Ϣ
ܵͷ

ؼʱһϷںݵһʻˮһš
ܶԸ˵õҲκ˲֣Ϊδ̫ȥʵҵɽĸƲӵĽȥܣһƽٻ
ҫһֱԱţΪȻؽӵö˵ȫ֮һˣǧŰپʮŵȥĸ

ϸѽûʱ̯ȥģܷʣЦҫϣ³һЩߡ֮кͬСԺͽΪֵܣСڱƽܴ죬Ǹ޻̸ġ
ҫϾʹĿ⣬Ҳ˵ڴܡЩҫʮֽƻӲۡ˵ÿһõĵطΪǶϧģ룬ϸид
ҫŲ˵
ʱ׷ϳҫϣ֨֨˵ںݵ¥￴ѩԶﴫǻǲģһҹΣңȥȥͻءڴĿųҫϣܡҫĿ翴ģΪϵϷڵĿ˵Сġ
طʱﲻͣѩǸʲô²˵ѩȥְĵطǲˣ³ҫҲĻԡ

ܣĳһ¡ҫ˵׼ŵӡ
үӲ¸ĽðáʣЩҫϷżĳãΪʲôҪĳ
ɣԿ˸¥ˡ͹ҡҫֲˡҫ赭д˵ܿүһƬˡ
ҫϵһۣŪһ䣺˶عˣôӻС˼ҵĴһƸ棬ͷǳӣŶأత򣿡
ҫ¥ȥǷ

ҫϽȴֻԼ¿ˮ˵ԼѰƵķͻΧȻشȥǰ
ÿпÿµӣȥ˺ݲڣֻ˸ǰϴ岻ã¶ݸɫȥš
ҫڸ׵ĽԣһһʽÿڵĻе¼ĺõͬһһţԴ⣬һЩԶԣֻйԹԵļڵϵĻȥ˶ԡ

мϢʱҫϾʹϸչͷӣԼȥ˺Ժͣŵĳ˯ȥЩӦ귱æ
ůڵģ˿ûжյĺźӴ£ںųϱĿԺĽ磬ȴ̸
⣬ĻȴС
磬ϰߵ˭ѽôסôһѺӵѵһ
ϵӰɣ⻰ʵþǷ͡ʶϸϴôģ
Цʣϸ˭ѽ
ϸ磬ϰȡ
УǸɶʱȣʲôӵġֲء
һ˲мػظɶӲϡ棬˼ӣų̥ͳؼҵķһϰ׶ӻء˵ˣܣȻˣŰүߵ͸¶ǰЩʱϸʧˣԼȥѰȥˡͷΣϰŭ᲻ã׷ȥ˱ƽһٱᣬŶѸٸˡ˵ڻضĻϴһ·ƨɶˡջصǼ죬·һȳһյģǴýһݡѸٸˡ£ȥүˡ
ôǸô򣡺óԺúȵģʲô˼Ҹô˿ûˡ

ҫϾڳؿǽˣתһ룬ЩСȥ۰ɣӼ˯
ߺҴأɹ̫ˣ
һҵıܾĵģ˵٣үѰ㣬ˡ



102֮ 
 

ҫϴ򿪳ϴ˳ҴҴϳš
õ϶һ־һСֵӭɽŽߵǰ˵ϸ磬СӺ˵˵ǳԷȥ϶ϸˣµĹ̲ܽϡ

˿ͷҫϲŻǳɹ̫Сӡһǰǣʶ棬Ҳ顣һģǸղŰϵӡСӡ
СӽľͷŰ¡϶СƵǰҫҲͬǼƽϣ˵Ҹղ˯ˣû˵
Ҳϵ¿ۣۣµĿȥ
ǺľͷһҲߣͲԶĸڳҫϺ䡣
ҫۣ֮ҹҹֻۣص׵ѪǰǶæµӣ֮¸ģЩʱû˯ϸȾ

ǰãǰõשڲ
ҫϲ֪ʲô£ͷʰʲô¶ˣ
ױŭ˸ҽǰѰʱЦȥȰ˵ΧƺⰲŭϻĲרȨ
ͷԵ߶үԭǺúõģԹ˵ƫ˯һĹ򣬾ͷˡ˵Ҫ̣Ȼͺ֡˼û̶һˤȥһǻûӦ͹˽µˣĴѰ㡣ʦүڲأ˵ǰ˳εˣżӡ
ҫϿЦãʮĴʮһϲԲҹελ¯򣬾ͳԷ˯еץһٺô򣬿޵ֱȰԭ򣬶޿κΡ

ˣˡ˽һ
ҫϽǰ̽ѰʲôԸҫˡ
ϸ׵ɫֱĿк˼׽͸Ĺ졣
ү˯ʣҫʱò֪׶༪١
׷Ը
ͷȴҲֻýǰȻ丸׻֣žһǶĳϣסû֪Ȼ־֣ȴʦүۼֿ¡
үϢŭϢŭ

ϴٺЦ˼ָԷʦү˵ǵĴүˡӻûȥ˯أǶȥȥ˯ˣ
ҫһ࣬·ΧĿֻĳŪ
׻治ԣװԵҲżˣ˼ͷ¼ײҪκνڣʰʱҲʱȥ˯˴Ϊ˸׻Ūëȥͷ˵棬ֱһ˯ֻ޵ĴëܵʵͷʱŻ׵һƬġ
˿ֻ̣дֹĿעµü˳۵ľ

ڼƤԣ״³ԵûֻٰԴӺЧ׶ŭҲֻǰɫǳ⼸䣬вǰѿǰﴦ޻˵ѵͯͷһʱ䲻֪롣
ǷʦɫĿ¹£Ÿੲݵ˻һҪ֪ТĸҪ֪жТ嵱ȣТڽ㣬ִĴ£óվͺۺ࣬óһӵܵģ͵ˣ˭

ԽԽΧ˷׷ȰΧ£ԽԽֻ࣬һع
룬ͷδѷأֻо
ҽѵӣʲô£ȥȥȥһȥϴƿȰˣҲ϶
ľͷ̽ͷ̽Եͷ԰˵ѽһϴ󵱸ɶжأģ·ǰӵֻСءҲǱѵ繷һ
˵ôô˵û˵ư͡˼ӽѵӣ㿴ʲô
䣬ϴһ̵ӰҳǸҲŴֱһˣ
ǻŵľͷŵؿȥֹţϣô˵ʹˣ
ҫ𾪵Ÿףֲ˶ೡ档
Сӣҵң֪Ӳ˵Ҳˣ첻úʰһ٣Ҳ֪˭
һʱ˻ˣҫеķŭϵľ㵡
ܷ澡ʧ¸ҫϵЦʮ껹ʮĺһӵʹ򣬾Ϊ͵ȥ˯ǣǿÿЦֻͷ伫ıոܶʱֶΣ˵ǵ̤һС

Ǳĵӳطǰȥҫ˵٣ɡ
£ԼȣԼѣϴһȣҫϵڵĺ뿪ˮĴϺ̣Ÿ˵ֵĻ϶ʲôڼװᵽͥ
ܳǰˣպкĿˡмǰס׵ĴȣڼʱҲˣģͷŸίƲƲ˵ӻˣĶ⣬ȨҼ£ϻؼȥɡ
㻹֪͵ʱô֪أϴţĵӷſã岮ֵҲʶʶؼҵļҷЦذʽӲϡҲˣ˭͵ˣԴΪ

ҫޣۿУŸףҧأ֪ⳡֱ֮ض³ү²׵ػ´үҲϳϲܸɣŵҵүҪɫǰ硣ԤıҲá
ҫҧ´Ӹһľʣݶȥ

ľͷͰǻˣԶԶ̽ͷ̽ԣĿɿڴ
ľͷǵ˵ǸǮ˼ҵǻ˰ɡ
ǵ˵ͷһϰ巢ôĻͷһٵڰôˣ
ľͷŶ˵⣬һµģ仨ˮʮƨɲմӡ˯ÿֵˡ

ҫϼȴ䷢جΣԸǳΣڳ˳ľΡ
ǵαλصعݣʱĸ߿˵үôˣͥµĴӶ磬ƨ¶;ţЩҪС
ҫϱĿȴӲҲãͷӲٱκϣ
ϵ˽׿飬ʱҲۡ

һֱûлؼңҫϼδ̽׶Ǻ
ʧҲȥУפͬŮŮžۣ塣
գҫյһСװ£дŵĴ򿪣ȻһָͷѪܵѾɡҧ򶨵ƾԼľжϣⲻǴָ˵˾Ҫˡ

ͻȻһžһϲ¶̨˽ϰϰƣεһĨϼк콥ķڵɫƼ䡣
ϴŲͷĨϼĳҫʣ϶ƣɺȳʲôζ
ҫһѳЦ˵ôЩࡣ
ҫҲƷǾƣƲʣǵݵߵưɣа͵ֻ۾ݵľơ
ϴЦ˳ǣ̾˷ѽǸаѦᣬȥȥˡ
ҫ΢ʣǰ겻ǻ𣿡

ѽֶӸɱˣͼƺһ仰ҫеľյһǴŨľƾֱϣζɢ
ֶӣѦԵֶеŮˣͱֶӸɱˡǸѽСʱһʺһûûĺӣѽҧԼ
ϴ˵ţгȻ飬ҫϵİԴ

ӦѦǻˡ꣬۾͸ҽ¡


103ũ
 
˵ǴɽôԷ򣬿ģһ춳ߣǸѽũ֮ľͶˣһģһ޷ʰˡͰ߲ڻԼؿڵȶȥůů߾ͻ˹Է򣬰ˡԷ룬ԼһˣиЩįߡ˶ȰѽϾġǣûһ£ٺ٣ͱ߸ҧҪô˵ء

ϴĿɨҫʱҫϵĿ⾪ŶܣҲ֪ΪΣٲҿ׵ɫͷٸнѵ׿Щţããѵ˶ʮѪߣ
϶ô𣿡׹еʣȥĶͷ˵⺢ӣôӾһֱô˵գĴļ˵ͷû⣬ûѽԲ⣬ûĵġ
ȻСʱʳҪԷϣһ׵ιװҪȥʳСӵͯȤס׵֣еʳԼͣʵʳϲ沿ḻȤı飬ǵá

ϴȥϢҫͬ¶̨ҹɫ޺βͶڽ沨Է½ɫ
ү鲻ãЩ㲻ҪȥҲŻ˵ˣܱô˵˽үӵģʧȥ㣬伫շ㡣Ƕ⣬ǰġҫϵļͷ
ҫϲԳЦЦ˵Ҳ㣬ҪҪƤСұˣԺ͹һ𣬱ǺǡԳĺȱƣտյľյˣŪ˵룬ܲʺңȽǱ˵¡ңҪȥչ
ЩԾأ㶵һ˵һ䣺οࣿˣС벻ġЩӲڼ򡭡
ҫתͷȻЦڴ˵ͰźˡʵһɽݶҺֵܣҲͻɼ֮󣬽֮һƽ粨ɡҫ˵ȴϰ£ζиӷĳǣôʹǳҫϣҪЦ˵⣬ͬѧѣԴҵڣʱ̫Ϊ̫ƽȮˣ룬ȥɡ
ϧϧʡ
ҫЦҡͷֻԼϲʲôŮˡ

һֻưͷǲ̣˵֪ˣһ·˳磬ֻǣȲҪү֪
ҫֻ֣ȴЩԥᣬȻᣬ֪ġֲȥ衣
ֵܶӶЦ
ЩæʲôҲӰҫʣܳƬ˵ϱУڡ
ʲôʦڣҫ׷ʡ
֪еĹأʵġЦЦ˵Щ˺ܷˣ߳棬Ƿ·ֱ߱䣬δҪȥ鿴ȵ㣬ز˴ǵͷϰȥźôֻ͵͵£һؼҾĵġ
ҫ˼ţȻЦӦȴ㡣
֪ˣ˵ġܶ

ҫįɫֲ£ܾòʮַġ
˵ǵڶ𣿽ٺϸ׿˵ûѪףǽΪֺиͬǷѪԵءһϹֵֻҴ罯Σоϸ㡣үӶҲܣϸֳġ
ҫ͵תܣߣȴ룬Ƕ԰ܽĿΣһĶӣȻǶӣġӡǰһɡӣ硰ˡ͡ˡ֮

ҹҫ׵ǰͣޡϨ¥ĵƹ⣬ڰƾʮļǸϤķ
ֽѹ㶵һֻСǹװףֻ谴ƻȥͿһ˰ˡȥͷŲȴǦ飬ˣˣһƽĿĵء
ʱٸнϤķӣȤ˵ЦĵطҲʹĵط

ƿһŷ죬ವһһӰӽ´ܹŵȥϣû죬ֻè½ķˮèøܳš
ҫ϶ǻϷʵɱɱ㡣Ѿ˼ɱ㣬֪ġɱ㲻õǰ̣סһе·ȥ޷ΪԼĶӡ
ǣ֣Ҫ¶һ죬ᱻεò˲ġ룬ϣòֻǰ

ʵɫ͸ɴ϶ŷֿϣһӣڻҲ޴Ӷ㣬ֻʣЦġʱܰĿǰһĻĻעźڰеĸף˯ú׶ʱ촽ڻζʲô
ȥǹҧ룬ϲòȴȻһȣСӣҲƨɣ
ŵóҫϵһ类ʩħһģ񣬸߽ȥǹȴӼȥ˯

ҫϵͻͻ˲䣬ֻҪǹ۶Ȼ֪ӣٻصԼ任ȥЬףȵڶմһϷ׼ӹҲҪǴñ
ֻǣеǹǧͷٸнʳָӲΪʲôǹѽ
ʱֻΪΪķݣȻûˣҪ˵ԼྭӪıǮ

Ϥף˯ʱĶϰǾĵĵȴԼųˡ
ìܻˮ忪ۿҫϱۣ룬¶Լ֡

ڶͣϴڲ̸ͬЦʱͬöЦʱʣ϶ʲôܷ»Ӳ
ҫϵķǴˣһ䱻ɱ˼̤ԼȥѰ·
ԹǿͬЦ̸һֻ߹һͷȥ˸鷿
ϴʣ£



104ԡ 
 

Ȼ䣬ǰСϿ޺Ĳ״Щ˵ľ棬ĲܶһѣܣһСи̣ȥԲĴһˣ
ҫһͷ˵ʾǱߵ©꣬Ҫݡ
ԼŰˣֲܣЩ»Ҫ¡ϴĿ⣬飬Ƕȥ졣

ɱ̶ҫϣ˳ҫϵĽ͡
ҫϴͷɥ˵ȥ£ɱҫʲôԡ
ɱЦˣҡͷ˵ϴӯɱҲΪ㲻̣ȻǿⱾУ㲻Ȼȥֻˣ̣硣˵ȥӿԼϢƾʲôأڷ˶ҽ㲻ذʵǸĻܼҶδϣұۣأ
ҫǰδеܴ죬Լȡ裬ٺܹٿȻ

˺Ʊֶβ̣ҽϻﱨЩ£ѽɱĿ̻ң̾Ȼ˵ҵиӣǱиѣǵ̽Щϵ¶޷ƽѰ˰æء
ҫʣʲô£ֻҪҫģǣҪ֪ʲô¡
ɱЦˣ룬¾ͲؽˣΪװ쵽ؽ͡Ƣ꣬ӲãҪˣҪʧ֣ˬԼñ˴˲졣

ǣҼǮܲȽǮȼü̸֮ͬ̽ҫʡ
ɱЦָ˳ҫεѽΪڶƴЩ꣬ǽ쵱ôһֽǮһֽĵأ
ҫϾ;Լ˿̺ϣ类ɱϷŪתһ룬ɱϷŪԼʲôôأһ˵鷳ɱͬҼ档

棬Ȼû⣬šôҲΪѱ̸ºˡأ˽йˣ˽λѡ׮²֪ԣҪȥεĵط˵룬ֿڵķԡã档ѺܺϳģķñҸ߰ͷϷпź롣̹ɹˣ˵ҵ֪ɱҫϰףҫϴҴȥ
ظһ·ϳҫ½֦ٳ벻Ǯŭ˰˺ƱĪ̶ϴɱ֣ҪŴɥ

ҫȥԡá

ɵ棬Ȼ龰ϤͷµˮϸϸߣǼڵĴԡأ翿ԡرΪ걳ѭѭա۾ʱһƬֲˮᡣ
Ϊ˴¶
ѲӣǸɹ˵ټ
˶ߵĲ࣬ѰеɹŴӦòѡ
ţһͷ˵Сܣߣɱ
ҫתʶյʣϴ˰ɣ
ģһֵѰƵĵдʲô

ҫϲִͬѰ˵Ӱסһλʣɼһλôߣпź
ָָǱߵİ봹ײӵС˵ȥǱңôλˣڶˣصģҲȥˮ
ҫ룬ͶҪҵˣǸȥ

ſڶŲĺӣֱڵģĸߴһҫϹವ˵˭
ҫϿ˵Ѱλɹ߸ߵĸӣпźġ
Ѱʲôһ´ʡ
еɱƼλġҫϴ𣬴ӷ϶ȲȥȻ룬ɹҪɱô죿ʲôֵûؽƽҲ˼ֺɡ

ôʱŵѽ洫ᷳЩ˼
ҫ˵˵ǰ˵롣
˵ߵ룬ɣһҫӽ䣬ϵ󱳣Ȼĸߴռ˴ӣҫֻ˵һ䣺ɱҹ
˾Ͱڰ˵ȥԱɺãһҪЩʱ򡣡
ҫƽԭȮۣް취

롣ҫԱߵխϡ
ҫȴòףֽĴ谴Ļƹſá
ҫ˵ˡ
ǺӲȻŭ㵽⻹ɨµģ
ҫ룬ô̸ͬҲãȥ·ΧԡſȥǴϣ˿ʼϽˮҲ˿ʼæֻ˲䣬ȻֲҫϾ;ֽһӺͽ󱻿ڴϣһһëѸ͵ض½

ģ϶ĻɫԽԽˮˣù˻ģǸڴϵĺӷϲûк룬ĸߴ󡣳ҫϽп಻֪ҪʲôЦ˹˵¥СĶӵģʿڵĿ϶үѽ
ҫƴǣǴҡɢܰ㣬ֱ۾ҡͷŭǺӣǺĶЦǺǵĹڳҫĺ˵ϸƤӣġ
ֵ־ͿʼϷŪҶŪ׵¡ҫϽп಻ҡθľص쳤Ц˵үúáֻʣ˳ҫϺǺڸˮڸеĶ

ҫϷǺƵѹֹ̾
ү˴ˣˣ¥СĶˡλõġƴ͵ת˵
ĸӵĶԡ°ȻĳҫϷа졣
ҫƴڴϲţȥĲţˣˣ쵰ſң
һЦΪҫɰ󣬿ǱЦù˵ĸԸŵģˡ
ǡкɹѰˣŽҪܵĳҫȰߣҫưͳԻװױһص㡣

ظ󣬳ҫ˸׵鷿ſڡ
 


105֮ 

ҫһԼΪʲôʹߵ׵鷿
ĵСİΣһӾͶһӵΣգȴ֪Ӻ˵
Ȼ䣬ܺͶ׮
ͬˡ˵ؾͲܳˣ춼˴編⿪ˡ
׮ҿɨһ۳ҫ˵϶ѽúźСӣС

ϴȻ˵ܶȥ
˽Ծ׮˵磬Ǻοأ
ϴЦ鷿ⲽ˵ĺСӹȻĺذʵĶԻߣܲƴİȫ
磡׮ֹ˹ͷ´ԵСЩ

ƨҪʮӣҲĺ񲻾׼ҵ𣿡ذʹֹ
ͦ˵ǵĹ˼ҲпԭʲôԹձǿǼҵĶţҪˡԸǰ
úӡ׮ܿļͷο

Ĭһַˮĸд
ذ֣ܵһΪ
ŵĶҲŵġЦ˵ԼŲ꣬ԼѾϰ߳ǰͺͷڰϴˡ
ϴֽסܵӲ֣ôɤ˵ܶԼСѽȻˣ㿪̳ص״Ԫ죬ү±ˮƨɳԡ㡭
ϴʿҺ˵ֻҪƽ
ĻҲ˵תαʧ⡣
ЦЦ˵ǹһģֻҪҰǹû˱ҿ졣İɡ
ֻǻҲʣתȥҫͷ˵ˣͰϸ
ҫĮȻԶԣٸнȴܵ۾ɫҰףֲʱ̣·Ŀָ
ܻһ䣬תţͣƺʲôǣ޷ֱǰ

ҫϻصʧǣ죬߻һľһΣ㲻ȣסӽǣȴĸ̫ڷֹţ⺢ӣƽɾһ˶ǽˣôôݡӷڹﻹʲô
ҫϷŭֹǰӣŵ̫㵵·һͷèһƿĸӣڵصĸ׻ŵȥֻĿǺȻ

϶ôˣǱڴһٴɵ𣿺ùԣѽ̫ᣬֵʣҫϴ΢΢鴤ĸ˵ȥɣҾ
ҫϽסǸӣ㱵˵ȥȥҵĶ
ֱĸ׻ŵӦ˵СŲһ޲ʹȥ˷ȥϲԵġ ȥϷţʹʧ£굽ֵʱ򣬹ŨСգð⡢ѼͬŴһ¹ɿڵĲ˷ϲԡζȴͬˡ

֪ڵ˶ãǷɵķϣʪīдּ
ʱæȥմ˴ΨһµĺۼˮĻ䡣
ֻմǡδѺʮյġʮߡʱȻһϸۿԼۻ衣ʮʮգǴǰҹѩﻹƽӣǵﲻͣؽӿĵססƽͶ׵ʱӦѺ¶îգ¶ʮţǸգǵŵϸ鿴ǷּǴױʣῴǴʱ˷

־ֲǷĲҿˮʪķǳӡΪʲôôʱȻ㡣մӵңΪװ˵ǰǺƤӡ

Ȼ︲ΥǺƤӣѹװֳӣȻ
ŵٳеĶ鿴ȥļ򵥵ǮһʫȻġХִַ֣ǴʫһţǴױʣеĶʥּһϻ̳ϿֲǷţӬͷСдšСҫ飬˹;ӡԻʣԻȡ壬ߣʻҲܱ֣ɽڶ
ҫĺ㤣ϸţݲɨȻ
ѾտܵУձ˲ٿҪȥЧϷŴβ¼ɣ񼸷ƣ޴ǹӰʱ޷ʱ뾡Т޶ĸ跨óҫϴȥֻ˵ʱִ٣ҫת磬ֵܶҳܣΪ

յ׽ҿʱôǿ⡣
Զ޷Ϊʲô粻˵˵ձѾΧΣķƴҪȴѨ룬ΪʲôûиĻᣬΪʲôôķֶѩҹȥȫĸ
ѵ粻֪ĸףô뵽գΪ˳Ըձú̿ôĹִԺ˴硣

չһѹµıֽǼűֽͷͷ϶ǴװƬ֪ƬɣձͷڸҩݣĿд̽ĴЧĳｨС޳ܣ޳֮ȣձ˵Ȧףпѱ硣
绹Ǵһղȥ¶ձԼԼ͵һ졣ʫе伸ҳֽǴдֱԼйˣѪϵҫΪ֮ᡣ

ҫϼúݺݳԼĶ⣬ΪʲôΪʲôЩӣдڣΪʲôô⣬ЩʱͲβ뿪磬ǳҾ緢

е˴𰸣ձˣձ˵ȦסӵĹ֤ﲻǰס׺ձˣΪǮΪЧɱˣҲΪձǮȥɱ֣ţҲձ̬ȵļ
ðὫװȥĸӭպף˫ᣬŶܵľȣæʣôˣ
ʣǱģ 
ҫϿЦҡͷƿ·ӣĸ̫סȥڼңֵʲôƨɲ𣿡
ҫϲѣضĸ˵ȥѰ壬Ҫ£


106 
 

׮ҫЩԾʧǰӣһ˫۳ЦɢȥһƬϡδۡ
׮Цɢȥŵʣ
ҫҡͷ
ģ׮ҫϸ۵˵ӱġ
ҫ˵壬ҫϽѰ壬߶һܡӦҫ£ҫϲ
ҫʧǰӣȴᶨ˵ֻ׮Цͷʣôͬ彲ˣͬҶͶˣʲôҳߣȴĹȣ

ҫҡͷ˵϶Ļ¾Ͳ϶ֶˡνӦҫϣܴ˴жȥ޻ˡ˵ҫϲ̫ܵãձɣܣСҲûˡ
ձʲôɣ׮סЦݣųҫϹ¶Ҫ¡ŵصſڿǿأٻҫ±գȻˣȴԳޱȵļǿ
϶ؼҳ󣬶϶׹⣬϶ǵá϶ɻ϶ԼȥֻܻǶ壬ҫϾȳСǺӣ޹ģձɱȫңΪҴ粻ȥα޹顣

϶˵ʲô˵㾲׮˵һӺϮ·̬ء
ճҫϱʵĳ׮ָߵŴȲ
壬ҫϸС޹ġ跨ȳСձ˰ܵǾԲΪǮҪΪ¡
ҫϼѵ򴽵ܵĳ汻ǷŹСҪЮΪ£̽⼸յ٣ͷж֪ġ

׮ƣĶݺݳڳҫϣ๼
׮ӳҫϣҪ򣬳ҫȴȻزôǵѪ˵϶Ҳ޲ҫϵһƣжǰɱ֮ȥΧ 
ҫϵļƲߣ׮˦֣ͨ绰ι̵ܶ˶ӳʲô ǣأǣǸ˶ӳСӣݸЩںڵģԶԡҲȥˣжһߵġ
׮Ȼеĵ绰Щ׹䡣ҫϽ˵壬ͷҫ죬̵ֵȥж
׮ʣձ˿֪ң
ҫҡҡͷȷҫûβ׷ҫǰЩʱϢҲټٶУԭӼ跨ȴġ
˵ز˾ձɡߣ׮˵ֻܵܿԼ컯ˡС죬尲š

ʻϣڸٵλϣŵؿܡͨӾŶĳߣһɫɫӣñѹõͣȴβסĿ⡣죬Ȼ˱ֽƵƵֵ-ĺһҫϽ˧ͬλĽĲһ㡣˧ӢλŰصǺ˧Ľֳ˧֮縸ֻܲϲΣҲЩˣͽ˭ֻ˶ίбˣǴ

תȥ·ĺߵһλٳԸ˾ͷת䣬ӱǰӣҲϸԵĸ󶬼ɽ𣬺Ȼһͷȥ
˾ᣬľĸʹ˾ûη𣿡

ܴӺӾ˵ǽڣֻжЩطΣգɽǰͷ
ܺȻͣ˺ĺ³ǰ󳵡ĺЩ⣬ǾҪŭǹ˵ղԣǳ£ڵʹڰڸߴĴɽͣ侲ţĺ񿪿ڴŨصп˵飬³
ǾٲȻҪ粵ĺѾ򿪳š
СģѾͬλʹԼ˻̸ĵصʱ䣬;ģ֦żѣЩȴŲæ
ʻʹƵĻ᳡ȥҪһλˣҪܽ䱸ɭϣʧ
żڿ߶̾ǽܣչȥʣ˵Ķӣ
ɨһʣôˣ
żֻЦƺмڲԶۣʣΪԼǽúˡëͷСӾ̴ܱӾʲôģ

һ·˳ʱ˶
ż߶õ鱨˵λԪɵʹձ˾Ҫ֣ҿǾͳСЩˡ
СЩ˶ǣձ˼޲ʵˡ
һЦȴ˵ԭ·ء
˾΢һż顣
ż˵ӻڣʱ·ȥѽ
ȴֵͷ!
ܵģͷñڵסż޷޵Ӧǣ
ӷ·ٴ˵һ·ԭ·ߣһ·εǲ
ʱ·ֵ

صסż̴ϢⲽͬԱߵ˵Цøëǳʲô£ͬͼƵģװŪͷʲô¶ûУ
δֻɳϲ˳ǰǹһ˿·սǰļž

ȥǻȥ̻ȥ⴫漴һλϷ׷źĺĵȰ⡣
żҲ׷ȥ˵һ䣺˰ɣС̣˲˹ģ϶ҲʱǱ
ǻ䣬һǶݺݳżϣһž
ܻȻĿ⣬еǹҲ£Ҫȥ̴ӹСס˵ȥʲôŸ綼ˡ⼸͵ȥ䶾еĺ˾ζҪ̴Ҹˡﲻʹɡ 

ż鴹ͷɥĽݣսܵĹԴ
ôͷӼҪȥ˧Сʡ
żֵСǱǶǲݣ
ͷһ˧ôɣڶϧҫϲǰҫôݺ䣬֪ڶҲһһǰɡﷴиͷƺͬĺ׽һ㡣ǵóҫ˾ͺȤ£ʤӣʼղŵġյļƣٽ򶨵˶г嶯ʱ
ǶӸλ˾ԵľٶҲ½⡣

˵ز˾˵䣬ĺܣ㱸
̧žߣżһסѣκж˳ȣ
ܽǹպðοż˵βعǣȻ룬ǲȥҲסġ
ܲżȰ˵۵ĳĺϳ
׷̴Ӷ𱸣ȴᡣ

107д 

ȵңŹϵһ̣ż׷ĳųڸλϣ˵һ䣺
ֹţԼ
ĺĺЦʣҵһҲ֤ż龡˱ЧܱЩѰĲǽְЩġ
ĺĻŨϪģǵͿ۵ñ·ɳܼѰζͷҲļƣǱȫСŵߡ

żƤЦ˵ˣѽһΪҺá浣İΣһ·Ҫ滮Щ˰ɣһëͷСӣ
бܲмʣСӣˣСëͷӣжʮ𣿡
ֱֱܲǰ
ż˵С֪ڲһ㲣˲˹ӣ϶ôǱӡǸ۵ˣǻ֪ذˡ
̿˻֪Żż˼Ҫ˰ɡ

㿴Сĺʡ
ż֨˵ȥ̽ûˣϼͦҵģҩɢȥ͸ɰš

ӷ۵糸򽭱һһ·۹·ϸԼĳȴԤŸֿܷ⡣
ĺ˵С㵨ӺܴɼΡ
ܲ
Сӣûʻż鲻ѡ

֪ðգĺʡ
ܵȻһЦҴʮ꿪ʼѺڣʲô鶼ײϹǿڣ۹ﶼܹأΡ
һ仰ĺ⣬ҭµԶԣƺδԪ׿
˭˵أżѵ⡣
ĺ˵
ʵҲˡܳŪ
漴һ·޻

ʻţ˽Ӧ㻤ӭ롣
żĺ¥ȥһλЦǺǵӭܽȥҳԲȺ򣬼˽
ʲôѽ˶ͽ䲻ˡ
䲻ҲҪ䣬û˾˵һˣøס𣿡ٶϣе˵˧ӣ䶾ܽ䣡

¥һ˺ѷεĺҰײͼ崳
 ּëȻܵĿ¥ϣѼñ˵ȥ˾
˶ľȣƺһСڵ쾹Ȼȥ˧
ȥţûзԸ˭ÿ 
Ǿ鷳æͨһ˵塣ܵĻ˵Žһװͦľ٣һۿܾ㵵ʣŶλض𣿡
갳ٺáǰ

һŲ¥һλСŮӯƮȻ£·𻨰ãȻ¡
ܿ죬ϳλС㣬ڱƽ
Сۣ겻ѣ׷¥ȰοС㣬ĪˣѾˣ˵ͦͺ𣿡


˹˹ĵĺ侹Ȼˣɺ
Сһ̧ͷǡܣ۲˼˵λٴλС𣿡
ܵڵͨ죬ʲôǡСѡ
С㣬λǻǰ˾̴ӣ֪ôôƫҪȥǸ˾˵ʲôˡ

Сº͵һЦϻ˵ɣֻ²ġ
¥ʹķεĺ𽥳أɵСѯʣС˵Ҫ䶾¶̴ְǰ̡˵ձ˿Цܶй˵ЦǶǲ򡣡С۲ͷα˵ˣҩߺ񵶽ʣԲ¶۵ôͷײǽ

䣬䣬㿴ңˣ䣡ȵŲæƾ˭ɵĶͣסż黷ǽܶ죬ƤϷʵӡ
𱸵㻹ȡЦ
ѵС޲ɣˡҲںҼᡣżʣһֱҲã
˵Ҫ죬Charles ͷȻ
ż鰲˵Сۣ̫ү̵ġ

ܣˣղǻӵҫϴĵ绰ءһ仰ܳԾ绰ˣ
ѽң㵽û˵
ͷһȴĺѾȥеĺ䣬ȥʺһ䣬˵ϼҪ˵㣬һϰɡ
ѵعңӾҪ٣պһǺТ壡
͸¥С¥΢͸ǿ

ܻߴ·ֻҪ;֪ͺáĺ˵¥ȥһǽյİţĬĬףԸƽ

԰ʽѰ·أЩ·ҪѰȫ
żѾٽţͣԹܾĥȥ䶾Ϊɺޡȴ

սһ·Ȼһӭײܻشתһ·ȥȴһճɳ۶
ãз
ܿһƣҪȥӣȴŷɳ۶ȥ
飬ǹһѰżڳ£ƺĺҲ£ĺ䣬ݲȵӣ޵
ǹڣܾǹͬǹ׼鷢ɱ֣Χߵʱ򣬵粣Ѿ飬ƬҼաһ·ۣЩ׼˶ĳһһ˦£͸ͷЩײȥǽڣ͵س˵ļնײҲ̶á

Χ𳡣ؽ̵ʱ;оӲӦЩ׷󲿶׵֣ͷܡ
ĺƽοͬС˽ӵһС˽ľ㵣ֿʱĶѪܵѪ
ܣˣС˽ŵʡ


108 
 
ϴشǰɹ̫ȣ¯յûȣѬһ⣬ܴҫϽһû˵Ȼ㵵϶ôˣ
磬㷢䣬ͬҶˣ
㿴㣬ģʲô˵¶ϴҡͷָ̾˳ҫʶܣģûӲҪﲻô򣬿ͷһܼ𣿡
ҫϿ˿׮˵ˣ¾ôˣģ͸Ӽƽʲô
׮ЦãҫϸҪڣϴ˵ˣЩ£˵֪ͺá֪ˣȥɣѰء
ҫϲĻ˵׮ȴȰȥ
ʱҫϽѣ쵶ն齫ٸϴȳԸȥֻϴĿۣҫֻǿˮߡ 

ȥѽ̫˴ҫϺȻʣѴȥˣ
óҫ̶֪ĸ׷ʲô񾭡̯Ƹ壬Ҫ跨ȳձζС׶༪٣ȪµĴ罻
ȻˣȴһϤ̣ҪѰүүȥë¿¿ӡ
ĽŲ¥ҫȻԭزһͷһתǼϣΨһҲʧˡ

С壬С塣һ˫СִӺ쵽ǰ§סĴȣ˫۵С֣ҫһѽץסٿȻ£ϲʣ𣿡
С壬ٲҪʹҪ뿪СүүЩǻǴ򴺱
ҭҭĿޣҫתڵϱס´ģȴϲʣ𣿴ôģ

ߡһмϴԶǳԸɷء
ҫϻͷ۰Ͱ͵ŸףǷԶԵκҭſ޸ͣеǰ
ϴվţҲźĵ˵ʲô˵ƽǰʲô㽲߰ɣȥԷ

ҫϱסԼߣϴȴ˵һ䣺ѽүүϲĹӡ
СЦտ·µ۹޶һ㣬ȥϴ߱ϴϣޱȡҫϵͷǰǷˡţʣܶȥЩ춼ӰģҲ˵һ
ʱ丸ֶԶԡ
ȦԣȥҲһ¡ϴ˵

٣ĵ绰һλСġ¦ܼҽͨţҫһٿȻһ۶壬漴Ц˵ȥ
ҫϴ뿪ȥӵ绰ϴһ׮ƺɫЩ
ʱҫϽЦе˵λͬѧҪۻᡣǲƴǵȥȥͻء
ײɵĿ⿴Ͷ˶ֲ˵ȥȾ裬һЩ̫ӾȥͷǱȥ˯һٻ

ϴֱҪĻѰȷ֤ݣĿϬر
ҫ˵ҪǲϲӾͲȥˡǰ³ŮϧϧãҲҪȥġ

׮˵ȥҫϡ
תҫϳţʣ
ҫҡͷ˵ȥϵǣѼ鱨͸¶ɱ˵Ѿۻᣬ壬϶Ҳǳˡ
ɬСģ͸ͷ׮Žɡ
ҫϴ¥ϸ·ʣͷĨùﵽⶼ͸Źˡ
˵磬մ˸ë
Ϊճţ͵ؿ˵磬λѽ

ͷĨã϶档ϴţӰôʲôһѿ
üλ̫̫ڿЦ
ҫϿȥ쳣ء
׾˿ݴ֮ˣۼڸ£ıѣ죬¾ġǸΪѰСӦò⼸տʼ֣ͲͬͱˣҪʲô
ΣȣﲻˡѹеҹҪȥӣȥЩԼˣҪֻⳡĶǵİҪסƽԼҲϧ

˵ϴиСܵܣ᲻£˵ǮŮˣȻˡĺģϵˣԴ겻𡣺ڰˣѪġӽ˵
˴˱˴˰ɡС֣ҲǸɴѽҫЦ䣬ŭӡ
ģΪʲôǣɱһֱڰǮȴ𣿡
˵ġҫпȱϣһίˣǹҧʶˡǣ뷽跨ǮѼ鱨Ҳû취£ԲӦѽɱͿˡɱҵĺѣҲǣҪҡ˵ذͬ޹أôɱЩ˶ܾȳСҵߵ䣬ƫƫذ׾ٵѰ

ҫ˵Ҳͬϻˣ֪Ǹ˶ԹƾԲҲѺˡñʿӾߣ˭ͬҳҫ޹ءǶټǮҪҪԼģҪôˡҪﻹĻҵˣ̸ɡ
˵ôͶˣ˭ͬʲôأ
ҫЦˣüͷ˵ҾһΡֻҪƽ𣬲Ҫֳ
Ҫ鱨ֵֵǮ

ҫ˵˵ܴλصĿȥ˺ĵط
֪ӲмϢЩ
Ϊǵ鱨صȥѰҶ̽˵ǽ컹ҪȥȥʲôҩңλϾҪ뿪ִߡ
˵𣿡ѿڶɫ󾪡
ʲôʱ˵ҫ𱸵ֻ㲻ҵģȥ¶жи̣үͷʡɿͷһ䱸ɭϡ
𣿡ʡ
ǸϢʱˣЩ˽ƻҸղүֹͬʱ͸¶ģ͵ġ

ӽŽɵĿ⣬ҫ˵ұԲٺģСˣǮ˵пޡǶơ
ӽɨһ۽Ŷϴ֪ӳΪձ£֪˽ŲĿı˽֪ܷ
㣬ôô޳ܣҶʲôôҫϱŭ
ԣѡֻиߡӵ
ҫйƤӣڤ˼
ˣҲв㡣ҪĽӣǸ㣬ЩжɣҪԴȥ

ãҴȥסҫϴӦ
ЦͬҫͬУϼб͹ߴۣҫֵۣЩĿѣ
ӵ˻Ӻĳм䣬һ·ؽ·Ǹȥ
ֻеһʱӺȻͣɲסʮ⣬ҫϻͷӣȴı˵ĵȥͷ
У䱸ɭϣҲɲȥҫֹ
˷ɲȥǳ١ڻǡȥգ㣬ʵ£ûʲôӦ粻հɡˣôģɣ۹ԸЩС˵̷ܲȥ԰ɣ
ҫཀྵ˾Ŀбӣ⾵ȴЦ

ҫ˦˵ŮǷˡ
ͷȥ
ͷѾ뼯ˣѺͻ
ҫŮװĻ˵ͷҪбӡЩˣ¶ţֱԱߵıֺźֺŻս룬ǴĵطڶֺŻǰڣ
Ӵаλǹ֣Һλá

٣ôˣܸԸͷҪĻ˲ιۡס·ͷСͷĿƤȥ¡
Ƥ𣿡ҫϲز
·˿Ǻɡ
ģû˵˽ѻƬطүӵ顣ҫƤӺεĵط˵
ƤŽ˵ϸ磬ΪСˣƤģϸ͵ģôҲΪϸЧأֻү
ܣôҫָ㵵ƤһͷҫסһͱŵӼĿյأƤձñס°ͺͷ·Ƥ͵˯
ͷɫĻӣҫһ˦ͷ˵ߣǱ߿ȥ



109 

ͷѲҹֵǱҫѰ֧ߣָ˺qqĽԻӵ˵㿴ǰڣǱӣûҹǸͷҪˣʱͻˡܵĵֻ̣֧źŪһʱٶֿĻľ˵ٳ֣ǧҪݾߡ

ʮֻҿŽɵʣͷֻô˿أοҪǲϢ󣿡
ҫϵ̵֧ȼȻ˵ϣжˣƽֿҹѲҹľЩ֣·ĲֿǱᣬ˯˼ٿֵܣǣǴͷˣҲŲͷҪͷ뿪ء
ӴҫϣУ»ˣķ½Ҳ졣

ƶУԸɱǱڻסϸأѻ֧ǹ׼ŷ

ҹžƣˮĴ̰
ҫͷҪתŲȴһס
ȥ֡ҫ˵
ݸɫһѼñСӴǼӳҫϡ
ֻʣЦҡͷԻ˵Ů˴Ǻ»ǻأй˵󡣡
Цŵ˵ȻǺˡΪΪ顣

ȼ˲䣬ҫϱԾֱ뽭Уͨˮͬ¡ıըһƬ
ҫϷȥ԰ڱĺˮ̽ͷʱֵ̰ڸ۷׷ףǴŰ
˵Χ򼸸ͷȥͷѾһƬ𺣣ܣƺӵĺ

ûֱӻعݣȥ·ŻؼңֻǲŽţſǽ䱸ɭϵľˡ
ܼ¦˳˵٣үʱˡ
ҫϿʣǶ£
¦ܼҲŲֱǰ·
ҫ㣬߱߻ͷЩˣֱżɳˡ

һŭİգⲽԸһ!
ҫϲȴֻù£ﴧǰľͬҹ﷢ء
ҫϣ֪㴳˴ʵ
ҫϵͷ˵ֶ֪ʾ
ȥͷʲôȥˣ
ҫ̧壬ҧ˵ҫҪ͸һҪи˽ᡣ

˶֪ЩϴɽҪߣȴס
λٳҫϳǶǸŮСˣСʣȥͷôɣվըˣ
ҪȥݵĸǣҲ˵㶫ըҩҫ˵
ը˭ʡ
ȻǸˡҫϺԥش
ವİǹסҫϵĶͷʣ㻹Ϊձ˸£;֪Ұװˣ

ҫ̧۵ƤʣΪձ£ΪʲôҪըձˣΪǳȥͷ󻼣סҪˣúúлл𣿡
˵գ׮˵壬ҫЩֻԶһ˽˶ӣҲ
׮ֻ˵ã˳ҫϾҪߣϴȴܻѵƫҪСӺ«ʲôҩ

ҫ龭׮亹ǱըЩʱǺĺҪͷϴܱӴɱҹͣڶڵĶͷըֹͣжҫϱȫˣҲڻӺͬ

ҫϽŵʡ
ҽԺ֮ǡС˵
ҫģ
鷿ڣ˿Ϸ죬ڵڴ˴۵ĵƣƬͶĻϣڻӽòһۣҡٲȻˡ

С˵ݺյ鱨˻ڻӣԭӣձפڶļ֮һò䣬ǰйը˧ıҲ߷ǮĻһ±䣬ͬ鱨¼֯кܴĹϵֻ֪ǰЩʱڱƽû뵽Ǳ붨ضձ磬˴֯ɱжʧܣ۱𽫣ʧء
óýҹӦߵ˾ߣҵʱ̷ȫҫ˵
С˵ͷѾȥˡֻǳү߻˴յȦףɱ٣Ϊ˴󹦡ĳһ룬мνֻж̫ðգ´βɡһ

ҳҫ´ûʲôһҫĿһƪƪľͷϤӰȻһŻһƬһԵƬͷ¶ЦƻζõĻ䡣ֻʣû¶ȵƬ
ϧôˣϴеչţ̶̾˵ϧϸܶ»δôɾ䡣

ҫ͵һ۸ף׵ĿҲںڰͬڶȻ˿ûϲɫ
ҫһ۰ͰͿ˶˵壬˸˵Ϊҫֶ֪ͣҪʲô
׮ЦˣСȥҲҫϡ
ɢȥҫ游鷿
ڵϣ䡣

ϴ󻺻룬΢ҫϵᵽɤӿڡ
ɴۣóһǹڶǹָҴ㵵Ÿףȴ⡣
Ǵҫϣҫ޻˵ֻǵӦҫϣһƴĺӡͬҫһˣֻǣŵڳǧҪ뽭
ҫӸףٶȼ죬¸ײٸ¶Ը

㣬ʹֻһ
ǹǰ
ĿɿڴŵŸס
ֻһ㣬Ҳԥϴ˵
˴ǣңԴ֪ǸңǸϣѾǵĵ̴϶Ȯֺ˷ݵǣԴǣҷģͲԹˣٲר־ҪҪ
ҫһ⻰̫ݶ

ԳΪڶҫϣֻҪһϴ˵
£ȥ롣ˣǹҡ̫֮ǰعֻܼһˣһʬϴˤŶ



110ȡ 

һĶǺعָֻյ
ҹ˵̡
ҫϾڴǰɫ¶ʱлϤĶϤһС

֨ŤŤش죬ҫϻȥȴЩʧ˻̿ӽ¯Ļ
ưɡѣûһһ̿ذϣЩ̵ţŵʣ٣ôû˯
㲻Ҳû˯ȤеĿ塣

ү˵Цأһˣҹ̿źӦӦݵġүæµһ죬ôҹ磬˵𴵻˺ӡ
ջΧȹϺݺݲ֣ȥСǱӡ˯ð飬˯¶Цݡ
үɰѹүôϲſڵϸ

ҫ򴽣̰Ŀ᲻뿪ֱЦӯӯ˵ûʲôԸˣү˯ɣˡ
㣡ҫϺסãȻػͷʣүзԸ
ҫϴӳһǮݸ˵ԭǴٸģϾһ̫̫꣬ǱƽҲչˡȥɣ¦߶˵ϸˤȡ
ԾȴҽǮҡͷ˵٣ƽչЩˣҲûү̫̫ͣǲҪġ

ҫ֪ͷ׾ݣ˵ǮӦȥóҪȥɡǮҲ̤ʵ
ǣүòôǮѽЩľ
ҫһȻЦ˵СҪӦʹõġ
ǧлϲĻ㣬ҫĸ׵ķ䣬õˮϢѬЩͷΡҫϴսĸ״ߣ̨ƣϸĸסŮѾûյ޳ڣȴлĻʢʱɫȥĸ׵գЩҹҹָŪѡأԾķĸס

ҵѽǱҹװʲôأ̫شڴϢҫʣĸ񾭲ˣ
ҫ֮չȥͷȥĸ׵ǰʣﱦӺ˸̡
˴̣̫ŵ´򿪵ƾʹ㣬㣡
ҫһס𱸵ҹģЦءθ̶𣿡
̫ȡ廨룬ҫϾͷſϣϸظҫϵĲһʣ𣿻
ҫϺָţĸ׵İŵ̫٣ȥȥ˯㡣

ǲϵĴ̡ҫյ
ƨˣҹķң̫šһѣҫ§ס˵ôǲдۡ
̫Žʣۻۣ泤𣿡
ҫЦˣЦ˵Ǵҹң˯ž㣬˯ɡ
㱻ĸ׷ų˷š

Ϸţ¥ĸŵȥͦʬȥӲĹ㣬Ƥ

ҫϼطǡ۾ŷĵ˵Сȥ
Сл˵ҫϽ´Ϊ·̿յɫͨ졣
ҫϴźӣ۵ĴգգɳƵʣС壬𣿡
ҫ϶ѳ˵Ц˵үүɺã
ƵƵͷ
Ǵϲһֱסȥʣͷ
ǴҪСĻҪμסġҫ˵ڵ̺ϣ˵ܲס¥ͿүүĻүүҪǸˣסȥүүҪˣҪͻȥǸµĵط

ɴʿĭ˵ҫҫ˵֪үүңԣӴؼȥǣүүߣԶˡ
˵үүĻҲСĻ
ҫ˵úҪɣҪִϲ㿴Щǣʵ˶ܺõģҪԣֻҪүү̫ϲ㣬¶ϲ㡣

ȻǧҪԼظʵؼģµʣС壬С壬ôˣ
СǼƽ˵ġСķӵĳַֻصģǸӣպǴģҪúÿҪˡĺƤӣܱ󣬺ܱ󡭡

ҫϽȥĸ׵ķ˯̫һѣһĴҫţԴҩôͬСʱһˣ
ҪдļºӴҡҫϺתȥ

ϷţرգȥϹʵ򢣬һȻǹ˨
룬øʲôԣǻʲô˵أһﶼͽ͡
ģ֧ǹɭɭǹڶ׼Լ̫Ѩ˴
ʳָ·ǧأɪɪ֮˵У˿̺Ȼų塣
ʿᣬҲиϣȥ¼磬ǷүʲôôȥˣҲǽԴϲĸɾ

ม.ۼҹĨһĨǰ׵ĳ⣬·ܱյĴһ죬۵ĹۡѾûиʱˣʱ˷˵̫ǰضҪи˶ϡ

һҧأݺݿ°
´һ΢춯ûǹֻһ亹ǹȻûӵ
ǸΪ֮
һͷתţȴѾչ¥ǻŪֻ˸
ү簲ү簲˸ڳðһ䣺Сӣƨˣ
ҫһԵǰ˸ȴ׸¸´Ц˿ޣûιԵĸ㣬ѧˡ
ҫЦǵƤĺһġ
ζӳ·ӿ¥š

٣ôҪţ¦ʣϴ󣬲ͷЩ⡣
ǹҰɡ
ֻǣûӵ˵
أ
ڣķҫ˵
ϴȻԳЦҡͷ߸鷿ȥҫϽ͹¡
㣬ʮ꣬ôôֵǮ˵ôôֵǮôһӾʤʮѪ˵һʲô-ʲ-ô
һϴһѳϡﻩһء
ҫϿţ㣬ĹǺӣꡣҫгϢġ˵ҫǻӵԹҫϵȥʮ󣬴źҵġ
ҫƴͷȻ֪׾µ¶Ѹġ
үүүүСƿŴ룬ǰ龰ס



111

Ȼ˳ҫϽС塣ϴ󺰣үүС岻үү
ϴǿѹŭ𣬱𴺱ɫشţӵͷʣүүѽʲôûˡүүһүүʲô
үүҪ-ë-¿һһٵ˵СЦеۣ֪˭˼ԵúӸĿɰҫ룬ֻкӴ޵·ӦеĿ֣ҸǲԼͯεĹƺѧǡ顢٣Ϊźÿûô飬Цϴ֣һԶˣȴܾЩ˿ҵĺϴƺΨһҫͷģŴСͬϴڲ壬Ƿֵ֮龰ᡣȻ룬ôɱأǸҲܲɱɣѵǡ

ȥүүҫϴæŴ£ϴȴסԭתȦ˵үүǴòãë¿ˡС㵱ܵÿɿˡүү洺ִ޸òã
ѽѽŰƸ˵

ҫһ׸׻ŭҪͬ㡣˵ôˬ;²ͬҪ
ѽܵÿ죬Ҫס۾źġָӣ㺰󡯣˵ҡң˵ԡһ׼ͳƨƨϴŹЦⲽȥҫߣҲֳ³ҫϵŵóҫϲ֪룬ȴ׽˿۲ϵס˴۾

ã͵͵ˣͻɷˤƨɵġûϴƵŻţС۾߰ͷƵƵͷ
ϴֶԳҫϷԸſµ
ҫߺ죬Ըȴ޿κΣ˫ϥ£ǰƥһ
ϴ𴺱ȣֻôץ׼ͷλ˵ҪץȻˤͷѽ
ۣͷ
үүСϲҪ۹ġ

ϴӳȡһţޣڳҫǰһΣԸ˵ܣݣ
ҫڵ˼СӲأֻǳҫľ֪εج˵ȴ
죡ݣƤ޶žһ죬Ƨקڣѧ~ڶߣҫһδ;类һ㣬ѾݺݳϡʹЩСˤȥǿҧҶܣԼһʧƤ޾ͻ˵ϡ

С˿ҫϵʹ࣬ԼǷͯĿ֣˷ܵغţݼݣֻСȽ˳ҫϵ߹ǣ˸߲ҵغţѽѽ
ҫŬڵذţϥʹͷ׺ɫĿܣԪڲЬձ߻ζޣǱӲʱתȥ׷һޱ޵˺ҧ⣬ԭشȴֻ̽䡣
˻ߵһۡ

ܣѽ͵ƨƤ޷裬žһѿվ죬ݺƤϣ۵һ£һҽʧ
-
СһҪȥ۲
ժץҫͬϴֹͬϴһݣ
ҫϷɿܣǱӾ׷尾

ŵǽյĴţ˽һͷ亹ʹͿ־壬֪ڳͷеֶΡ
ƨƨ˸ʼҫϺ޵ȴ׵˵Сˣ۶ˣ㳤ѵ㻹ң㻹ң

СͶ̬ã㹷ȼĴϡ
ҫʵ
磬磡׮Ŷ룬˵һ룬ͱҫǱӾס죬ȻȻʧЦֻ˵ϣ϶ݵĳѽСӹģСԽʵ

ӱߣҫϴæʰԼǱ
ϴ׮ȥ˳ҫ˦ȥ鰸һٱͳ飬߳СӣӣĲⱲעӵĶˣ㣬ܾ
ҫϽ۵类ͷȴҲĬĬţֱ׾ƣʱͼȴ£ס׵Ĵȣ·һ㣬ײΡΡͷĬĬʣô죿

ϴʱ˹شպôߣӭϴ˵
ϴֻǷ˹һ۴ϲԵĳҫϣ˵ͱ˹ش˳
ѽˣϴʣмǡ
˹ؿƬ̣ģܿĿ⣬ҡͷįεı飬ϴ󿴳˿֮ףһ䣺˵Щ
أ岻Ǻܺãǲˡһ죬ȥͬ˵仰ɣʱ򲻶ˣ˻ѣҪ졣
ϴȷɪɪĶţŵ૵ãõġССӾͲʡģٴκݴᣬᡣ
˹ҡͷ˵ǣˣ̫ˡ



112ج 

ϴ֪ԼŲҫϴǰģͼڴߵ̫ҫ֣أᣬصĿ˱Թţүĺݣ϶ôСһʺһģûѪףҲǶӡպɲҪôˡ
ϴȥӹֻ֣ЩӲģţģϴģϮȥɪɪҫϾˣҲûۣ䶯˵Щʲô
ϴȥ˵϶㣬㡭һĻҲԳڣ繣˺ͷһ㣬һι̵£ǡǵԼֱţڲｦˮŷ־ԼᣬʴӣȴûҫĻŵôսǰһ䣺϶Ҫ˵ʲô
Щ£¶Ӷ˵϶϶ˡ
СҫϵɵģӲĵĻһ𣬶Ǹѧùɡ
§ҫϣӷ˵֣

ܣû£ȥ˵ɶСձӵͷǦ˵ȻۿһᣬѵүŪעҪʧȥĶӡ
ãʣڣ鷿ˡҫϷ˵˵ظ㴭ƶиһԵİ̲ס޳˵ү£ٵĲˣͶõǸǰЩʱҲƴڲðš
ϴֻԼıȶӵĻҪ䣬ͽӲ˵ã֡

ϴҫϵĴߣƿӿ˿ڣ͵˿ھŧҲûϣҲ̶õӣҫҲû̫Ļƺ۷ˣ˯ȥüͷʹ࣬Ұ׵Ĵɺţ̲סȥǵСʱ򣬿϶΢̵Сʱ鲻ԽſȥҧסָֻƤСèҲͬ֡ʱڻĺӣ룬СԼǸöáǾҪʧ֮ˡΣ·±סӵָ֪Ҫ׹Ԩ޴صȴģ߾ȫ

֪˶ãһĨҫϿϣǲ԰׵ɫһĨϼĺ΢˿ţ÷ʹӺȻϴѹֻͽ͵ᣬ˹شȰȥɲġ
ţϹ˵үܿɣǿ굽үҪԪġ
϶϶ûµģ˵ûµģûµġϴҫϡ

ֻһ̣ϴֻһӵֱǣͷ죬һΣ·ҪԵʶȥȴ˫һڴ¡Ƭ̣ͷײͭϣʹȻȴǵĺôˣج𣿡
ۣڰͻȻƹ𣬳ҫϹڴڵƣؽеİ뱭ˮȥůˮƿЩˮݵǰڲˮ·Ҫ

ϴۣûȥǱˮֻһҫϣǱˮڵϣŵóҫȥµĺӣž֡ʱϵ˻׳һƬѪڼϣǱӣ鲻ԽȥȻȵģ¶ȣֻ֣óҫһŵ۰Ͱᣬģ֪ͽͲҿڡ
ϴԼĻڣΣȷΣЦЦó쿪Ц鷿Ŵ򿪣¦ܼ˶ү׮һȺ̫̫½سóҫתȥүجˣ

ϴҫǱģЦÿָ˳ҫ϶Щ˵ǼôȥˣССЩŪŪȥġҸղŲѵһ٣ԡ
׮ʣ϶ô£
ҵˣ˱ɳϾ˯ˣҲҺһźš˭֪˾ʹЦ֪εʲôЦ¶ˡ

ˣִ̿ˡ̫Ⱥȥҫ˵϶ѽǴʲôùͷôͷƤѽģϣ￴
㣬϶ҪȢϱˣҪҲ㿪үȥٶΪѽ
СΪʲôƨɴʱұģҪүƫİ϶ȥı϶ҵĶء

ȥȥֿѼȦˣŮһѼӡϴǺЦź˳ȥֻ׮ʣ磬û°ɣ
˸جΣˡϴųҫϣҫһĻ̻
Сӣȥҩϴһ䣬ҫæȥ

ܻؼѾ֮ͽҽԺһܵĵ뿪ʱСκܵˡ
ܻգʱֻ˿ڷʹĸףԲʱĸǴֲڵָͷĸоȻǸңHమԼƨɵĸף֪Ϊȴ޵ԼϧһҪĵط

ʿΪҩͨ캰ҪңңԼ
Сʿ۾Цˣҩ̷̨ģͦ⽨ġ
˵תȥʱС˽ʣܣҩôУ
ѿڵһؼңҪؼң
ǻԵĺӡ
ҧ촽ؿСˣСε˳ͬſڵı˴ֹ䣬ת˵ţ˵ˣһ뿪ҽԺعݵҽԺͬؼȥˣͻʿҪȥ

ֻ뿪İĵطؼңʲôӦ
ʱǣ˿ڻʹһ䣺ͷƽ뿪ˣ
С˲ʺЦ˵ͷ˵ܣ˴󹦡

ܻصعݣѹѹһȺưѹۣ嶯ľһƬڶߣǴ˷ļĸصĿǴɤŴһ죡
徲

ڵϣŸǰ·ָӣ·ķţȴһͷȥŵʣˣҵķ
ûķ䣬ɼĲǱߡ

̧ܱһ䷿ǵǼ׷ƽʱдõġ
ﴹŰɫɴᣣҽԺĲµĻʿæţЩڣȴҫϵĽȥңȥ
϶ԣҩҪϵģȻ˿ͷȳӿɲˡ
̫üĸڵԸͷ˵˵ҫһҲӦ

ΣмղҫϣҲ˵˳ҫǶձ˺£Ҳʮ
ŷȥһŴϣҫڲͷٺٵЦҡͷЦ
ѵѽҫ˵

ʱܲͣ磬簢硱ͣӣŷǷڷٵ٤㣬Ǻʣôѽ
ţ˵ѽСð顣ҫ˵ܿǷǹŵķүʣʲô

£ɫıӴԵøɾʣš
£˵ֵܶڹŹһаҫϷһҲ
ڣͳҫϵĴֿǽߣмȴһſĴ󴲣Ҳ룬ƽ棬忿ͷɫĴⲻ
ֻͷ϶ذڷһӡ
ˣүӰѱӰ˵Ҫź򡣡ҫ˵ܻȻ


113ϼ޻
 

ܵ˴ڴȣǹƫ˼֣ͻ˵С˶ʱ¡
˺ɴȼ޷ƶѹס˿ڣֻԡ
ҫͬιɶǰ߲ݺıˣԻſڴϲ˿ڡֶһſһӳȤ

ϴһӻףһȥӣԵø⻬βסĿģŲмŴ󴲡
ŴʱĵСģ棬žƺͱӣԸرԹţѽȥѽȰ׾ƣĵġ
ŵǰǸϡϴָָǸСĿԸ˵٣үˡ
ʱ˶ͷ⡢ƨɡˮӣ
ŤţͧɣҪͧͬѧǼﶼͧϧϧϲϵºҹǶ
ܱ˯վƣߣ泳ķһûأҲժȥȥ˯
ϴһֵ˵

ϴתѵ棬Ͽǣûձӵľͣڶ뺣һСըȥι㣬ȥ椶أ
ȴϰݵ§Ÿ׵ĲˣҪ𣬾Ҫƾʲôĺ滹Ҫձ˵ɫѽ˭˵ſ滹Ҫ±ըġҪ¹ڲȫͳȥסȥͧ
һ仰ҫȴʮָдѽʲôʱйĺҲٷƽ˾ˣиȵļأһ·ӶѰȥշתƽǵܰϣűС˫ȴָţ޿ã
ᣬε̾Ȼ˵˺ˣŮծ㣬ͧһҪǰŸ򡣡
濴ϣ˷ֱܵ
Զӣһϴ˵һƵݵǰ
ˣϴеľһúƣ̽ͷֽеͷʲôѽˣˡ
죬Կͷ⣬ϴŵؼһͷιĿУĦı˵ӳϢһ𣡡

Ⱒ̽ͷ̽ԣϴʣСӹʲô
ƤЦ̽ͷ˵үøүҩʱˡ
ҫϼһӵˣŵúϰ˵ʱأ£
ţҩҩϴԸ˵
ҫһת˵ڳԶҩζ壬ôɨ˵£
ţµġǸȥϸҩ
ϴЦе˵¯ͷ㣬˿ڲţҪ촯ġ

ҫֶ֪βҪǰ¶һ˵϶Ѿŧ˵մȥģﶼҩˡϸƤģ֣϶ɾˡ
Ȼ˻ţҲŲźأôأƾʲôҪƨɣ
ҫŭȴ˵ǲ۰ܵܵġǰܣͿ๦ߣ˵ûʿҩɡ
ЦƤ߸ܣЩĿ⡣
ţʹõġϴ˵⺰ʿȥˣˣүҩ
ҫЦȻǧ翹
ܱиﷳƣһ仰ü˵ҩŻõġ

ۼСʿҩƿ´һӽҫϽ˫ۣڽţϴһָŴҩԲѵ˵伲ҽĹ˵вҪҩ
һ죬Ȼнʿе̴򷭣ҩƿҩˮһأһƬǽ塣ǾƢַ赲

澪ʧſҲŻ㣬ͱȾˣǴӢģߵëϣܼӣ
ǡܼӡִ˵ʮֿЦҫ翴Ϸ㰵ʧЦ

һ׵ĺܶҪ֣ܶٸֵҪˣ
ѽѶүֽڴϣ˿ڡ
ſſңܷԼΪʲôҪؼȡ衣

һڰҫϲͷܣܱױϣѹסͷڴ¡
ͷʿñСʿܵĿӣ¶˿ڣҫϵĿ鲻Խ¿˿ڣȻһ飬ǹ˵Ķ׿ش˿ڡʱǾĿǡͬӣݺݵصƺתͷ
˵ģϴһãȻҫæ˵˼˵˿ǸطܰͶ࣬Σգ֢ûŲǧҪС˿ڡ
ҫϷ뵽ۣܽ˰ϷﰵЦͲּһ˵˼˵²˵˿ڣֽŰ
ϴŪܣųҫϵĻСʿҩȥϴ󰲸˵ŹأЩܷƽڴϣֻΪ˰ر˵˿ڣҪ촯źá

ٴδͦϴһѰסһԸѽӴɨˣ
ҫϾˣ˽ǡǱӡ
ʧŵ޴ӣϴҲᣬֻСơ
үźˡ⣬ҫ룬үӹݡ
ϴһԸҫ룬ûˡ
ֻſ˲䣬ϴȻֹȥǰ봹ıȥһأ಻ٸסܵˣ龪һһͷ亹ոߺգɳɳɨѾϵص

һƬص
ҫȵĽŲһһǸ˹
ҫʱ;ø׵ĽŲֹͣߣ漴һ䣬Ǹϵıӱһأļ¶ڷ
ҫ׹ѣôѽ
ϴ˴˵׵ģҩءǸ㣬ҩƿǸԶԡ
˵߸ɫʾ£ŻڿЦȥϴⰴץסͣӵĳҫţ㣬ĥʲôѽЩѽû𣿡
ҫϵڵͨ죬СʱƤǳˣץסһٴ򣬾ȥɳϹţЩѾߺǶ۵ο͵͵ˮǸ͵͵ͿڳԵĺʱһŮм䣬Ҳ֪ߣ񳤴ˣ׾Ȼ˳
׽סоߣ˵䣺㣬ˣȥЩźҩ
ҫţֲҴ󺰣ѽ
°װڴϣ֪ͽͣиĵĳε

𣿡ϴһΪҩһʣ˳ٲ˶ȥأ
ҩĴȣϣţһ㣬۵óҫҲ̲סʹ󣺡ѽ͵϶ۡ
ѽѽϴϷŪţ
ҫϽ˫ۣϼһˣļ޵С

磬𣿡׮էһϴ§ҫ׽ŪŵӣЦ磬ѽСӶôˣˣŪ
ҫϾȥʲô㣿ǸŪ
Ҳ𣿡ϴ𱸵ôҲûء
磬£¡ϺҪܶүءҪĸŮǰܣðȥľȥ

ŶǹÿɺãƢΣǼܶϴ۾һʡ


114 
 

ŮҲҪҧغݺݵδ丸еӾŮҲѽСӳôڣͻֲТ˳Ƣ˭ҹŮܿѽ
׮һڷȰ˵ϲϲòܸüǹﲻǣ˵λСϺεԶ֧ףϺʮϲ谮ŮǾǡλСȻҲ˵Ư˵ɴ䣬ĸʱ֡ϺκϲܶĸϣӢۣܶҪΪүء
Ŷʻ׵ȻǺ¡ӦţǣΪ¸ϣǵĶɡڼ仰ϴ׮Ŀࡣ
ϴһ䣺С˸ӣûǲͷӣúøɽǡ

Ǳ߸Ӷţ׮ȥҫϵĴ߿Ϸͱͱҫʣ϶𣿡
ҫҡҡͷ
Ƕٿɻûأˣծǲǲܴȥѽ׮˵
ҫϵƾ崦þǡֻǶӦҫϵ£Ҫ˵
׮ͷĿ档
¶ˣ׮ʣҫصͷ
ҿ˰ɣүƢ򶤣вԲǷݿࡣ׮
壡ҫЩա
׮ͷҲص˵Ǻ˧Ÿ㣬¸Ҫ󿼲죬ȥŷһЩң벻ȥѧúãڷ顣
ҫʧҪڹٴһҾͶȥҪǵͷڹ¼ʮԼߣٲ
ҫϷڱŻعڱƽЩҪ죬꣬ͬ˧ͬͬסЩʱգæʱ˧빫ģͬһ㣬СϷǶأæ£ĩȥ³Ϸ¥ȥˣͨӻഺʱãж͸ˣɽƶҪġ˭룬һжƽ

׷·ǵĶԻʣֶ˵ʲôҪȥ
ҫһ˵˵ȥŷ޲͹ݳԵ¹ըҫѾˣȥʲô򣿡
һЦ⴫òүر·ʵҵ˾Ľϰүˡ

ˣ룬룡ϴԸϲ⣬̽һůӿͼ罯ڰͬ˷ɫĵϻӽñǰͬ׺Ͷ庮Ѽ䣬;ֱеʣܣˣӵȡˣǰѴˡ
ˣȴ簴סҪ˵Ǳ߳ҫѾ֪Ȥعµأ˴ӵŲȥڵķӡ

磬⿪ţСܱҪȥصģˣ׼Ҳûȥź
Ц˵ҪѴĻŵˡʲôǮƶ
꺮ůһһ𣬽νʵҵ˾Ի͵ǰϣҲΪˡ
ǼǵõģʱͬҸʵҵñӱ˴ȥ̳áֻǴ־򲢲ԣҵԼҵҪҿҽβǿӵܣԼҵɽһǺú
ܵͷݹ־ԶǷϵĴ磬ο
磬ѩϢʡ

ɫȻ䶯˴ݣܵЦҲʣ磬ǳʲôˣ
μ˲˵ڶ㿪ڵġѩ񣬰Բסѩѽ˵ȻᡣֲܴæΪᣬȴ˵ɻǵúͷ
ܵͷͷǴõ˵ЩڳԣܺЦñձ󣬺ͷͷˮ·

ͷȥɽܻʱѩ˵ѩһȺмͲʳȾܣû׷ϡͷ϶˾ѩ񡣵û˿԰æѰѩ񡣺粻ģȥҴ̽Ϣ˵ͰѩˡɵѾͷΪʲôؼأ
ģ֪ͷʵ־ԲѡѩͬСãѩüѩףѩɫɴȹףܵؤ
ܲƽµıң˵ҼͷҪȥȥѩȥ
ˣ㣬˵ϰҲδشӦ쵱ЩѰͺá˵

ߺڲշת࣬޷ֹ˿ڷʹͷԸ˵ֽܶȥϣȥԸġ
ƵƵҡͷֵ̿˵ҧҡ
ֲģϴţֶ˵ǵȥˣϽˡߵģռéӲʺӰðɫʮɣˡҵסŮ˶סѸӼȥﶼ֪ʲôģŮ˺ӱҵģǸʲôģŲǿģ¿ǺãôһļǶȥأ̵ģҪ˰Ҫ֧ʲôǰ߿գӻٽ˰ˣȥˣϴž֡

ܻ˳ĵ£ʱҪѻģ˭Ҳ¡ѩ£ҹܶˣյ£Ҳܶˡⲻ˵˭˭ǵʱǿҪְȥʱ򣡡ڼ仰˿ûϴǵ
ϴһ鼦ƨûȥ͵ۿܣöѳЦһ䣺СӣĲģ

үү̫̫ȥأʮҪˡ ϲ
ϴ󲻼ЬŽžͳŶ
ֻڻζţʱʱء
ܲţԸ˵ȥŹϡ
ҫϺ⣬һ𣬶Ц˵񫣬û취񫡣
ʱ࣬Щϸ̲ĩ˵ҫϴͷַԸѾߺܶһȥ
ҫʣ
ƲƲһˣҲûզ·ǸˡôǰλүأֵˡһĽӡֲˡ

С壬С塣ʲôѽܽԻչʡ
үүǲⲡҩζСӲġ
Ƕүүȥʮˡؽ͡
˵ûһǴ˸ĻӲģȻҪȥźȥƲȥĲ
ҫϲЦ˵һ䣺񫻹䲻ˣ

תۿܣԴ˵ȥȥүү˵˵Ӵϵͷȥˣ
ܱǣ⻰յתҫϵ˵ô˵㵱Сɫޡ



115 

ϴҴææŶ룬ڷǾĵġٻͷҲСӰ֪Լ˳Ǳƭˡ
û⣬⡰Ļˡ
ϴȲţЬϽţڵذϷ죬ͼǽŴϣܺҫϷֱڶԣ˯㣬һŭһѹҲܣֱҫϴߡ

ҫϺȴ٣˯ͷڡʱӡ
ϴֹȥһǱӣƻûϣҫһ𣬡ಡضȥһԾеôˣʲôˣҹ϶
ϴİڿУݺݵСӣ֣ɵĺ¶ƽʲô
ʱС̽ͷ˵үүүүѽô괺Ļ¹ùֻèӴˤˤҶˤ

ϴһãȻЦãżСһ˵Ļүүү壬壬ģˤ´Ļͷ壬ġ
ϴЦеųҫϣǽɪŷ˵ϸֻڳҫСĵʱһѰס־Ҫ򣬻ŵóҫ϶Цģѽϸְɡ
ϴſȴ޵ſãõһƣһơСӣ⻨ӻˣҪǿСӺ뻹ţ㣡
תȥܣܱĿϴ˵Сӣ˼ܣ治Ǻġ

үүʮǲˣҪҽԺȥˡţϴæȥ
Ǹæޣţ϶̫̫ȥҽԺַչˡ
ѩ£ǿǽ´ҫתɨһ˵㰲ЩˣүӴҵȡͬһסġ
ɨһʣǵķֶ棿
ҫϴ𣺡УǶķֶ涼үһֶܣ¡
Ҫˡܼᶨ˵
ҫĿ
ôˣ˵ѽʡ

滹Ůˣ
ϻ˵ǲܲͷ
һ£֪ѩξȥ죿ҫŪ㷴ʡ
֪ʲôܾ
ֻüλֵ֪£ѦԡѦү˵κôϲõҵǷһƨծȥ뷭Ѫ޹飬ѸӸˡ
˵ٿȻ

ǲǺ˵ȥʽΣҲʵʵ˵СӱˣŪ棬ȥҫϿͷȻǮƣǽεƯλҲ̰ұ²ʮ⣬ɫĳλ߹ٵǧ𣬷Žְˣ˻顣˻أҪϲǮһǲͬ⣬ⲻˡ¶£ҼսˣҪȫҰȥϷߴٽҿ˽׮¡ǰķǸˣҪϵ׮£˼ҶҲ׷һɢǺõġڰ䣬ȥҵթһʿӣֻƶͬ߹ǧĻ¡ҲǳصģʹӦˣӦǰǣӿԸǽѩҪСǩξͰѸ˶ңϱֹ֪ͬʱײϣˡ

緢ŭСϻҫϣţ˵˵죡
Һ˵СӽˣȥõѦǣ֪µģСڹ޲Ķ繩أ
㲻ҾˣôҴ磡ܾҫϵĲƴҡ

ҫŲæ˵ҿ԰ȥѰѩֻһҲǲлиˣ㻹ϡҪҫ䣬ȴһȭʹ򣬳ҫϳͷһֶ˷ȥһ
һȭҫȴܣȭͷϣҫĨһѪһƬ

ܾ㵣ȭͷûٴ£ȴ䲻ҫһѹ£ƺݺߴѽҶ֣!
ѽһſڴϴڴϢϵ˿ڳʹҫЩΡ
ܣ㶼ʲôˣҲ㱻ˣڹƼ䵱ɵӣںǲԼɽи¼˳ЦҫȥĨѪͣţѩ׵Ĵϡ
˵ܵȭͷٴλҫϣҫöͷסҲͬӽ̸ָȥ绰кعһˡ۷ʺƵĸءҫ䣬ֽűѪȴŭ˶أ۷ʺƵͷӴˮһҲߡ˵Ŀݺݵڳҫϲͣŵۡ
ҫҲˮϴǽŲɳɳɳɳԶȥ

㾪㵵ԶȥһѪ۵ĳҫϣ٣ôˣ
㿴ģٲȰ跢ƵһҪţҴˡϣϣۡҫڴ߷Ըȥ

ܲһеرȥѰ罯ΣԴߺųҫϵĹҫƽվʹȥŪˣ˵ѦͬϵãɢʱԴԹԣڮٴǣѩ񵽵ȥ
ر·ʵҵ˾ǷƺΡС¥ſڻпҵʱ͵ĻƮźɫĺ󲽽ȥʮֿ
Ȼ룬òʼɴյĳɹЩôѹɡ

лϵܵģæЦӭ¥Ȳ裬һ˵һȥĻƷȥ˽ߵĲֿ⣬ͻ
ʣǲҵ˿֯ʵҵôУ
ⲻֱʵ׶ϣ·ҲáƵϱ˵
ҿǵ⻹ͦ¡ģָ¥ͣĸߵγʡ
Ц𣺡ϰ˵ǰǲٵġ
˵ţͷձͷϵŰ׺ű۴д߳׷ںϹͣΪ
ձ𣿡ʡ

˵ţʵ
ͻͷ¶Ц磡
δ󲽽ñӵݸܣûãôµأ
Ŷǡҫ죬ҵѩ¶صʴ硣˵
εĿ⣬ʳڡǵֱʣԩ˴ǲá

ƽþǿԿԴ
ƿ˼ʣлѽ
ʣҫң˵ֵ˵ѩǱ硭
۴磬ɫԸ粪ȻŭСʱһСһȥһٴ
綯̾˵㶼֪
ܵδеĿ־ӺϮ
ǣѩΪ˳ȫңǷȥĲ֣˶ߡưܣױҪȥǣΪҽ˶һǮѾȥε׼ѩԼȥ˶ңǩ飬öҷҡȥѰʱѾ涭ˡЩĴѰѰ˵òãܲá


116֮ 
 

ʵҵţͷըѣײײطſڵĵ߸ȣȴſҳ̧ͷչۣſڼ֮ơ
ʱӭ¥С಼ƤСñߺȴ˵֣֣ϰԸֵģȶˣͬǼƽϡ
ܲſ弸ձ˻ľ磬ſڵĻ򵹣ʻһأʰשͷʵҵִңұ߿ĵĹЦšһ˲ǣҡҡλεؽƿľƽëϣ˳ֵȼԱ߳Ժǽ
ܱﷳ꣬˹⵷ңձˣл𣬳ǰԸ˵ʲôû⼸λүˣ̧ȥȥգôСձ¶

ĻܳһмףõļСֵܣߺ˵֣⼸λձү̧ȥǱߴˡû¶
ں˵Ҫ˵үү⼸ſںֻǵ⡣
˵Ƕ·ׯҵء˷޷޲²

ܷԸ˵ȥɻȥʲôÿġ˵Ŀ·ʵҵСƹ˵ҪȥȻԼڴ緿εһЦתͻȥȡ·ﰵ˼⣬һҪëڣƽﶪĵģûٳԴԴϵı
ֻˣܱı¥Ų¥ϣڷһ̾Ϣ
磬ôˣʡ
λͷתֵʣôˣ
ĴʮֿܷЩϰߡЦĴ¼ȡ·˵򲻸ĵë·ˡ磬ߣѩϢһ׼ô֪

¥һ̽ͷ˵ʲôˣ
̽ͷ˷ӿգ˾Ҳ˾ľ³ȥţСձϳйȥ
ҹ
ջضʡ!
һȺ˶ֱ׷Ǽȥ
ζ¥´ţôģǵ˺ֵܶģܴ򣡿죬죬
ýĦȭƵضţȴòףߵ˵ǵǣǷأ
ƵƵҡͷ˵ҪµģҪµģ죬ȥѲɱ
磡Ȱ裬ֹһ䣺ʲôʱôСˣ

ȥʱصعȥ߿һۣǼ˱ñͷܵܣ׷ϵȫʤָ˵ıӰЦ
һΣܼѲ˴˿ڱҲǸЩһѵ

صңͻȻ
˽ԳҲ͸ʾͷӹض࣬ȻੲݡСѿˡ׷ڴǸӼҷŲҲԥˡ
һͷϴүӻˣء
ͷһ̧ͷҫ¥ԣһװɫ˯£ŷëƤпˡ
ǵ飬ֻ

ѽүԸѶٵ򣬾򣡡ҫضԸ
ܻŵþҪת·ӣ֪ͷ˵ķӲǵóҫϱʱ˺յ龰
ȥѽһŵ类סš
ĴȥܣҪãȣ׮Цؽ˵
壬Сܵʲôʱ򱧻ؼѽҫϷ¥ݻ¥ġ
֪ʮ̹Ȼ˸ӣѹָ徲ҽԺء

˵ǸӹģôһؼҵĶҲء׮˵Цţϲ·Լ˶һ㡣룬ǺˣͷԸԳˣֶӡ
òʼָŵƽʣõãʱһϲĸоδ꣬ȴ֡
ǵ˴͸Ǹ˸߲ҡ
ϴؼҺ鷿˷ܵⲽֺҫϷԸ˵϶££ֻȥ죬ȥ죬ŷġǸСܵܵ¾ƣϴھȥޡ
ҫϵ͸ͷ»Ȧ˾Ϳϣླֹྀ϶ܣٲҵˡʲô̿ʹ֣϶Сûˡ

ϴҫϵĻǷڶģﲻʹ죬˵ϴθֵϴ̿ͽְ֣²ʹһ٣ҫϳǳԩºӲʱȻ˵ⷬԵĻЦˡ
ҫ֣ʾ
ҫЩľӣֲҿСĽŲŲӵĿ̧ͷ۸ףǰŲһߵ鷿еλãҫϺȻͣסȻ϶ȥˡ
ϴ֣ʾǰֻߣȥ·óҫһ飬类һ㣬ϴ鿴˿ںŷĵ˵ţ˲٣ѹ˼ƶ졣
ҫɿ̽ʣСܵܣɰ𣿡

ϴ˵϶ѽ챧СܵѽôСһƾ٣Сѽѽ꣬ģҲôƴһСת۶ʮ꣬ôˡ
һ仰ҫһ飬أԭشͷֻõ˫ֲڵĴֻļΪĬڻζ£ʱΪʱ龰
ʵػһȴϴһѽ§ڻ
϶ѽЩѾҪҪͲ㽲ˣ϶ˣǿ޿ڵСˣ뷨ˡ
ҫ£ס׵ȣʵһֱڴôһ죬ڴ׿ڡ

֮꣬УؼڵġΣǼҵ̫̫Ӿ㡣㻹ôСһ۵Ŀޣ޵͹ڻů㣬˵룬˼ſڣǼЩ֮ģܸɣйѽǵڵϣҴſڣԼصȣһʱȵھӶǼҵĴžǲΪ򿪡ϴʹҡͷ˵룬ûûĺӱ͹ˣôңպкӹѽֻ֮ñؼң˳־ͰıʱǸѾߣңҲ˶Ŀ룬ٴЩһȥǼ̫̫ͺˡǣԽԽԽԽɰСģã˼˰᲻ãҲ᲻áǺݺĴﻳ㣬ȥڣСಡƫƫǴߵƽͲˣЩ̲ҩѡ룬ǻ˼Ӳԣպ㣿ⲡѽôߣһξͶʮꡣ룬Ȣϱٰ¶㣬ƾԼȥŰɡֻ˼ӵĺӵ󣬵ʲôΪʲôҪЩĵ˵Ļձ˵Ĺԩ㣬㣡
ϴԽ˵Խҫϰƻ˺ݺݴ˼£ߴ϶ֻӣӣҲǵĶѽ
ҫѾ޵סϴһš



117ǻ 
 

ҫϱӤһֻСʮֿɰ
ͼָŪǺӣ䲻ӵ
ϣϣСëͷޣôһءʮ̱ǸæԸΪҫϲϴ
ͯ򣬱аġҫ˿֣ΪӻƬȻ˺ʱǳԵĿ⣬ڵİĹϸͣǻǶˡ

ʮ˵϶˵˱ʱ̬˵ġ
ҫһЦ춺ŪС˵ţЦˣµˣ㣬Ը
ƶ컬ˡ϶պҼұҪʦˡǹ壬Ҫ̳ɵڶѽˣպ󱦱϶һĲѧţǣүӻϲ
ɱҡҫһ̧ƤЦֹȴ״˼λЦеĽ

ôô֣ϴʡ
һԵսǰӹӴ˵ϣ⺢ӳãţͷԵġ
̽ͷ˵ɲǣɰأƤڣĸأˡ
𣬶ǺŵүǵڴˣҪȻѽǼұһ׾ʮ̲
У˵ģ϶ͬұʲôϵѽ
Խ˵Խˣϴæֹס̫̫һƬнӹӣָţǺֻЦ

۾촽ҡϴ˵
ϧ䲻үүзиѽ١ٶˡﲻʧʱڿšǵʮ̲죬༥
ҫһͷǡĸ̫Ʋɫǲޣæһĸ׶Ц˵ʲôֻӾ͹ˡĸ׾ͳţ˵ʲôɨ˵ĻĴֵ⺢ӣζˡ

ǡţֵֻܹһЦ
̫ĸӵģһ׳նӼӸͷ࣬ɱʮĺӺ׷ȥ
Ҳǹòĵġҫϲʱͬĸ˴Ȥĸ׵Ĺĸôһ·׷СӣûûСģӴ㡣

¥һƬ̫˵ϣǴֵĶ࣬ô͸ϲ
̽ѹѹһȺǹʵı̫С
ҫһס̫˵ţطȥ
Լ¥·ֵܣ³ҫϣظү
ظүճñӵĴǹñͷҫϡ
ճҲ⸮үѽ·ֵѽ֪ߵľóż鳤ٲŴȥã˾ٻһȥŷءҫϸ߰

Ϊ׵һλųǰ˵ϵһλˣɱձˡ
ҫϴ󾪣ȴֻü漴Цϲ£Щܶţȥɱձˣ
ﰵ룬Լձ˺޵ôȥɱСձ
ģʵҵ˾ſڣһȺȺŹձˣʹˣʬձ˲ģִˡ˾Ըץȥ󡣡

˭ңϴӰ¥ϺһڣҶӡҲʲôط·ʮ·ģһһãФóӣ˵ФóǺ˾ҲӡȥФóҡ
һȺȥҫϻͷܣֵʣö˶˵ģôȥձˣ

ԻǴǼҴſµľƹˣûѽߵʱǻڻĵġ
ϴüͷܺͳҫȥ鷿ʦүٴаѯǰ
ȥɡʲôáҫ˵
ҫϣȥ绰ھߣȥȥܱܷͷϴԸ

ƾʲôߣûǼԼʵҵſ£Ǿպ͹ǿߵġʹ޵˵ԼƵȥģˡ
ҫһ˵ܣȥܱܰɡձǵбΪ˺㣬һ֮𡣡
ҫ˵öԡϴ޳ɡ
ǣۼҪˡʦү̾
ãҴǱһ鷳ܾ·صʵҵѸϵ

ҫϳȥ绰ٻʱɫѿŵִˡ˵ʵҵĹ˻Ӵձˣձ˲ģͬ־һﱩͽŻʵҵʵҵ磬ǰȰѲ糿շѾͬǽ棬Ҫ󽻳֣ô˳ϲ鵽ˡ
ҫϿһ˵ıͷβıҪˣҪʬûʬ壬Ҫǽ֡

ҴˣҪȥʵҵһ˵ʵҵգһͷŭСӿ
ʵЩϴŭţٲ򡮵ѼӡĴǣ
ܴصغ˿ʹ֪״ˡ

ܣģҴˣƽĹ˾ûˣܻȥסˡҫϿοǰ㣬ձձɣ伫ǿһҪϢˣһġҫƲ˵
ᣬᣬϺСձͷʺȥϴһ
ҫЦˣʣѽǶʡأҺأ𶨽ǰ֮ѽ

ףֹͣ˱꣬Ϊʲôƽ׵ʵҵſҰ£һϷŻңǾҪŭ˶֣Ҹڡɣ̫ˣȥձԼڿǶ·ʬйƻ·ǵӵֶһޡߣöţſڳּΣôȴ޿κΡ

ܼҪȥҽΣҫϺֹ˵㲻Ҫ£ȥܱܷͷȥΣҲûҪæġǾȺĹǱ߲Ϊ㡣Ƕձ˲޵Ź㡣
ڶͷһŶҪôձˣܲȴšףĴձֱ߶֡



118 

ɣһ·ֱ뺣ڡ
ܻ׿޺ӰһȻİδУֻߵǱ
ڲʰһűֽȻձͨ뺣Ҫ󶨽гϳԪףзǳж
һ߿Ǽ˵ıı֪ҪϳԪס⡰ԪסֻʳӣٿȻͱȥѰ룬ͷضѵ¾û˵ĵط𣿶ȥܶһ

ǰҾ뾪ţҫϲܣɰ·͡
ŰָȥȻһҾʻһҾ
ѽǳʲô£ֹţǾҩ죬ձˣ

۾ɴձֻձο˶̲
˿̣ϵҲǵĿͧ̽յƴ۵شϣһߴߴغǡ
ͧϵķˮִƻģǷͧձûоֱʻȥ
˼òԣæ԰˵ôҪأ죬ǻȥ
ܻȥѽţϸ˵ͶߣһͶȥ
߲ơ˵ţּҾʻʣձ˶پй

ͧȿܾΣִϰѰͷҪ˳ֱС˸Ľ̵ܶӡ
˲ŵפأ¡¡ֱֿ⸽ﲻɽţҴҸֵ֪ص˿ĵ飬Ҳ˲࣬ͱعݡعݣ֪ձľˡ

˭ģϴŭߺĴգôģǻͶ뿪ôͶˣ
ҲߣܽûɱЩˣˣҲӦáѵǵĵ̣ûط˵𣿡
̫̫۷׷ף޳ܵ˵СձǣȰȥ

ҫ˵̴ˣ˵߲ûЭйǷǵġܲˣҲûˡ
үүүүڷŻѽСŶʣȻȴɬЦ
ԣǴ̷ء
ʲôǴ̣ǷŻ𣿡Сʡ
ϴҡҡͷ˵ԣߣȥ˯Ըﱧߴҫ˵ȥţ跨ʹŮ뿪

ûôذɡҲ̫Сǵľˡʮ·ϵйĶܵ
ҫϵۣͺݺݵصֹһ䣺˵Ĳʵǹ˫ģˡһˡҹ˿ӱ˴򣬲һ֣أ

˺ˣ⻹ûüĿأǸﶷˡȥϴֵ
ҫȴߣԥл˵Ҳߣҫߡ
ôˣϴַԸҫϣȥ£ǮﶼҪתƣǹûۣ
ҫϾͲòŷʣǶʧأйаȥǾҲҪȥҫ룬ҫС˸Ͷ壬ҫξȥ̣յģҫ𣬴Ĳ޼ҳӿͷ
ҲѪڵҲСձ򵽼ſڣܲӣ򣡡
սȭͷҫϺݺݴͷӵĿﺬ⡣

ˣоأӾ˰ûɣǹúȥȥ¶ȥϴ
ܽҪ˵ϴӲӺͳӣʳָĦ첻磬Ҳסǰɣ
ҫܵ½󣬶ɫʾ¡
ɲģȴҫƴ⡣

ظˣţգĦȭơ
ҫԴ䣺Сӻеȥϡ
۾һҫ˵Լȥ
𼱡㻹ǺС˸ϵϣȻװȥڻҫţɢػطȥ

ϴ󿴶ӶȥſȷûˣŷԸʦү籨׮
϶̴ˣҪòذʸҵҲҪְ֧СӴйȥϴŲ˵
ʦүɵү˼ѽүһݰ֮ģĳ塣ֻǣ̣ǹձԣиһպڶ̲㣿
ûиպСձռ˶գˣϴ۵

ܳſڣϲŸף羴֮Ա
֪˵Щʲôֱס
ϴֱָȵƤִ𣿻ȥ˯

ҹϴ˵Ǽ䷿ӡ
û¹ڴϣӳĳҫϹգ§С˯㣬˯ЦšֻǱһ룬һ¶棬§Сǰʵ
⺢ӣϴҡͷΪϱӣѹ£¾ҫϣűӵȢϱô죿

Ǻóҫϣȥܵߣܲ˯ţüͷ壬ڷ
ϴָչĶͷţСʲôģԺȵˣ˻ƨɡСӣ
ڴ߾Ŷӣ̾ȥϴ˵˯ֻǽ̫ƣˣ֪˯

һۣҴϿտˡƽհǰźĳҫϣҲ˰˯С¿ܡ
Ŵ룬ֻǴϸһҫϷŵһţصдš״Фҫߵס
ֻܴһѽƬϴֹܲϵġﰵв˵СӱһҹǵͷǴӾȥˡﰵǵطҲȥȥģһ˼⣬⺢ƽջëͷСӵ³çֻ϶Ӧѽ
󺰣ѽ

119ӳع

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ҫϺֻܱСӣڷ

Ҳᣬ̫̫ѽӸ밲
һЦ飬ֻӦվʺõŮͱ档
ѽһֳĳϷѽ̫̫ʡ
һԵ̫ѾȲش˵ү϶ѽۺͿˣһʶ
һ˵ҳԺˣȥѧˡ
أʲôѧϴһȣֻӦĸ˵С̶Էôѽ˭ǹˣһġǣǳѽ
Ϳ¿ţȻܣ϶󡹦ĵڼʽѽôû廨ѽ

ܺ޵
ݺݵһԵĳҫϡСӻ¡
ԭ˯ֱףﰵϲ̽Ŵȥ׸ǰȻү˯ƿ׺·Ծ£ȥѰС˸Ķ飬ûԤƴС˸Ķձӿˡ
ǽԺ⣬򿪺žܽƳȥƳһٿߣ֪ʹ󹦸ˡ

Ժеĳ˷ֻ֣ʣһ棬ҫϵ³ܼǵáΪ˲ҫϣصشӺ÷˹-۳ûҫͣڴ˴ҲĴ򿪺ԺţһƣһͷƳԺţﰵϲͶ˷ϲ
ԺţϳҪڲŵƬ̣ȻԺǽಷ¼ӰǰܼǣҪ·ӣһ˦һҽУϣЩ
һɲͣһ亹û뵽ˡ
ҫϣ

ֻһǧ˲Ϣʮ˻ವش´£ϳ
Թŭȴ빩ҫϣĴ֮ʹڳ˵٣ҲƲ³ɡ

ѵܣýʵȥ˷˵λүˣүԸλүšȳһźλү¡
Ȳȡæӻ˵úǰҲѧˣݺݵ˳ҫϵСˣ֮Σ˭㵷ҵġ
˵Сӱһձȥӣ˦ˣôĳѽ˻ܹȥҫϱԹš

ֵܶ˾ɧֱǴɨӣǣֱҫϵղͣ˵ҵĹԹԣôˣֱүֺٵƤȥˣ
ղѣǸ׹ƶˣһжƿ֮У׶ġ

ϴԹŶһСӴ󣬵ȻӳԹԵϷ̨ϷǸľͻطȥ˯ɣȥģ¾̨ϸҳϷۡǸЩأ治˵ƬֱͣžžģǸأ
ҫϺЦԹӻ¥ϡ

ܵһ룬ҫϻͷܣǸȻģôҲѽ
ЦôҲҪСǰѽ
һӼҴӾƻ洵˶˸

յĹվһˣ˫ʧء
С˱ݼ٣ϻضսظ죬ڼаϴʧܣ׽ֹͳҫϳһ
С˸磡˷ܵظϵ鷿С˸͸¡
˵˵ܣּǹˡ
ϴ˵СѽҪǹ֧治㲹Ҹڶǹ֧ȥܶӡǰЩʱմӵ¹һǹȸȥãó
ֲֻȥǰɱе¡

Сڣ׳˵˵ҵǹãһǹһ鷢һˣ˫ǹĹһͨʿ࣬ԽֵǴǹܶȥǰ߰ɣӴڼſڣʲ
طȥϴﰵ˽֮ȴҲ޿κΡ
С˸ʱȰοʦѪ°ɡ

С֪ܵйӷֿձ˱ͳ˧򶨽10򡣶ոʿ׷׷վ¾ӡʱҽƴӡӡӣðǹֵЭͬս֪Щܾ͸ԼҲȥɱС
ʮ·ָȫͨ磺ռҶʡͼɫ崹Ϻɱ˷Żĳ籰ױ֮ٶְߵشݣܷΪֿһһɥʧл֮˸񡣡 
ҫϿűֽĦȭƣ˴Ĳ§Сȴֲ̡ܸ֪ĸձС
¡¡ӹɻһܼܣѹѹƶը 

ĲӷԮΪս˸ͷظ̫̫ߵͷС
ܣȥɣҪһԺءؼʱ̸׵Ļ˵ζ죬ҫϿЦãڶᡣ
磬ͰиˡСܴȥ˱ľģһϢд棬һҪѹյĸϳȥ
ϴ׮ļͷͷ
Ըҫ϶صϾƣڱУ֣ȥƿǾ˱ǡ
ܣⱭƣʣµģ㿭ȣ
׮ͷصͷᡣ
һӺݺ죬תһȥ

۰ͰͿŶߣĽ
߶壬겻ᣬԶ¡¡⡣
˵ֵܶ˽ģȥᡣ
ǶأΪʲôԣܵɴ۷ʣϴЦЦ߿
ϿʱʮıԴ̣޵úףΧȥӤһţԴ˯´»طȥԷŷֲ˳ҫϣѰ˸䣬ҲûгҫϵӰ
ϴһüɫӣ졣ȥʲôˣӵĽ׽ʹȣ



120й 
 
ѩ׷䣬Ʈ衣
ϴƿѩƬůϣʱˮΡ
ԶʱԶʱž쳹һƬѩһɫϲǵ㺮⡣
ҹںˣ͵ϯˡܽ˵
ϴͷһ޷¶ͷƤӡظʱëͷСӣǰĶٲȻ࣬ؼĵȫѹϣŶʮ꣬½ڿΪһǰʱصӣϴܲɶ࿴ۣǾʱ߶벻ͣĻϸϢ𣿡
ܺЦҡҡͷ˵㣬ҫϸˡûϢõϢҫϸġͬƲȥɽȥˡ
ʰƾ˭ҲģſǿŴϴѼӡÿСʮ꣬ʮ꣬˵ܾˣûκεš

үүүү̫ŵϯءСɫףСͷһͷܹϴͷ˵ߣȥҹүүҪըء

үүүүˣùܼҺͰһǰһͨ
˵ʲôϴţ̽ȥʡ
ܲ廰ʣ
⣬¥ſڣţ˵ҽţҪүˡŸϲ˵
ϴ󷢻ϲػһС壡
ȷɱȥ
Ҳϲϸˣ㿴߶ϸˡ
ϴ鶯ǣޱ飬ţֻ߼ŵſڣȻͣסһѽԸϲ˿ɡҹ
ǣǱߡǷԸȥү̫̫ߵͷ밲̽ʡ
ܼѾԼƺү˼ֻȥҹ
ЦˣܻѽСӶƵģҫϸôҲĶѽ߶ֶ˲˶Ҳ¶ģǴҲо׼ôϲµܡ

ϴһⲽȥȴһȺ̫̫ӵ̫̫򹫹ȥæ׷ȥҪ˻ȴĸ׵ӰѾ¥ſڣһѽˣ
ǱߴҫϵĿţţҫּˡ
ûĵģĵˣﶼҪϹ۾ˡ㣬Ҫˡأء̫Ŀôᣬϴۿһȣοǰ

䣬鼸죬ͷϴѰȥǻɫӴ£ķͷ̧ͷʱģݵգĴۣ϶˼Ķӡϴ˵ֻǳҫϹм׸ǰ
ϴȥҫߵᣬʣ㣬ϻ
Фҫϣˡҫͷ۰Ͱ͵Ÿס
žϴѸ͵ػֺݺݳڳҫϣҫӦأٹʱϴһɫָԸùܼ˵ȥҷƤϸҵ

ʶֵʲôҹӡǽѵҫϣҲӦõģգʮٴȨҼ£ء̫̫˵
ϴ鶯촽ŭδݺݵųҫϡ
ǰҫϸأƤɹ΢ڣǳɫĹâͷϻмԵĺɫӣ͸βסܡǸԹԵģͬһ˲

ӲģֻʵвѵĿԣǧӻĹ϶һ⡣
˵ҫвѵĿԣϴŭӿæдŷ籨Ļᶼû𣿷ܣ⺢Ӳǲˡ
ϴһȣͼҷӣҫϴս
ٴ϶ġѼӡ϶ȥӲԣ϶Ϊ˸Ĵ׷Īѽҫϻæ˵ӱ˰ȥȥˣׯ԰һ𽺣޷ӳȥ

һ仰˾㵲ѩƬ׷Ʈ䣬𽥽ܺɱıˡ
ܲȰ˵ǶҲҪѽʣҲȻ¥ȥɡ
ϴǿͬ⣬ȳҫϽ¥Сѣ㡣ٱУŻţ
ҫϿЦãѩ游׺ǰӵͨ򵹡
СȤ˳ҫϹүүǴС壬һɡԸΪСֵ𡣡
ҫϼ£ת˾УȻһС֣ԲȦмƬϵıǡ
ô¶̫§סҫϣʧʹ

ݶϸǰҹȥѰǰɱеģӲԺ׷ĪǼҹܶ˶Է֯ȥǰ͸ȥμӵձȳȥʱЩ˲ȥǰߣҵĳͱһȺ˽£Ұæ׼µʳ͸ʮ·ʿǣҪǰߣʹӦˣֻϧϧ컯ŪˣҾһ֪ʱȻںڶĲֿµذҡӾ֪ǴһӢ⤵Ĵҫϸ֪αϴģڶƤ°ҳҫϡ

ϴеıӵڵأŽɵʣ϶ѽô˸ڶ־ͷУ

ҫε֪˶ãǵūһ޴𽺡ҫһղ˼иĸˣֻɼ಻ԡͼд˴ܵһٶ򣬿ǱȵƽմӺݶˣն޷

ʱ£ʱ棬ʱ׳ʣǺأ
ҫ򴽵Ǽ˷ҫϻҲܹߵȽƸöȥЩдĻƣһȥҲҫϲЩ⣬ЩᡣǸطûʹĺܣ޷ӻţͼܣζʧܡϰиɵŮҫϣǿҫΪ
˾Уҫϵľ档



121 

ҫһ˫˵ڼǧպãһʱѣҫԵˡظޣʳǣܾ衣ãλϰϥ޶ֻɵŮӣҽľֲܣͷ˾衣ðӼعʯ󺣡һֱӳׯ԰ȵ˻ᣬλϰˣ֪ĸ࣬µĲҵǸɵŮ̳УҲҫˡ
ϴаŪӳҫѰζĻҫʵ뵱ʱͷһȣǺ˺

˳ҫϽĿᡣﱧԹ翴ѽҶأȻǰߣǴ˸ûٳءʮ·ҩɴǶ跨ȥء
ҫ߲ѵ˵ܣЩڸĸϥǰТ
ֻЦЦ˵һ䣺ͺá

ҹ춯أ̻Ѥãһ˰ѾԻ˵ʹֻ˵Цֹ˳Ϧҹֻܿҫɫβס˱ͬڴǰ˵ȥ¾͵Ƿ紵ɢ᣻ؼϲ£ͷɡ
ҫϵͷ˵جΣܾǳجΡʱСʱͬˣļƱʶʱ龰Ķʩŵƫ裬ݳޡҳҫ̳벻ĥѡ

պأʲô㣬ţʡ
ҫϽŵܿο˵ܣĻͬʲôؼҵպȻ㣬ͶҲǱ뷨ԼȥأҪظͬʲô
ϸˣؼҵļҵ֪ģҲδı䡣߲áΪѵ̫ˣԴ֡ʵһֱȥǰߡڹ֪ڵơӦˣֻ羴ĺ˧ΪɿյĿıλ䲻ҳǸ̹ºءҵ룬֪˧Լɾ˿գĲġ

ҫϵͷȻ˵ˣڹ⿴Ϣˣ𾪣ȴ֮Сһ֮뿪ƽǰͬĹһΣ˵ȡһʹףнѩѡʱ룬һ֮ء
Ȼת˵˵Щ˵¶ˣǳˣűء
Цҡͷ
ڵȣǣѩˣҫʡ
ҡͷ
ѩããһƬҫϱǸܣм£ҺΡΪ˱㣬ұ򣬲ȥöҴѩټ޹š
ܿЦȥˡĿꡣ

أͰϧϧˣ
ϧϧˣǰ档Ϊ˰޴ֹһӵİţȢ˸ϱƴӵģһｵһܸ̾ţǰŰһҳܱս˵սҪüˣǰϱͬ⣬ϲ

ڶգĿﲻµ֪ҫϹǸˣҫϳԾϴų˶ӣʮ֡
ϴ󽫳ҫϽе鷿ϸ˵ǳЩҲĥȥ˲٣ô˰ɣ
ҫϾһһ˵ǰ̻ϴͬѾ̸ͷӼ˵ͬһ׽

ҫʶһѣˣɣڶڵ⣬¼պͷҪһЩԶĻǮϳæкʵңæšϴͷ˵ѣյ̬һսҪչ̼Ҷ붨ȥѰ·ȥˣΪšʣǣˣҲҪȥˣԹڼﰢܴˣܲϡ
ϴ΢Ҳҫϻش⣬ͬһİԵֻҪӷӡ
ҫЦﻹдʵǱߵҲҪѽæĲ£ܷԸҫϾǡ
ϴһضˣŸ˼ҵŮǮ
ҫϻæƤЦ˵˵ȥˣӵһлǵģֻҫЩԿЩСɹˡ

պϴҫ˼պͽͷһͷҴҫϸм֡ϴȴɵʣȤҪĻεɽɽͷ˶Ǯѽ
ҫϿǷֵĶͷʱԼĦ˵˵սҪûڶ㣿
ôûжӸģеءҫϵ˵
ϴָߵϸѰ˼˵ҲûԼĹѺá
ҫЦˣѿҲݳ޵ġ

ŶЩһ¶ҫϱطȥȡһŸϴ˵ۻʱϯϲǵðɣǸ
ŶϯѽʲôܾûϢˡϴչϲ
ûж˵дʱ˵Ҫȥˡɡ
ϴǷţϽǷһźݺţȥֽ¨
ôˣҫɻʡ
飡߹ϴߵţҫϸǴ󲻽˲²ѵϯүʲô£

ϴָָ˵۵Ķյĸʲôôˣ飡
ҫƵʰǷţݲݿϯүôôܡα޹Ǹ¹ϽǺСʵȥ˶ձ˷ֲΪձִƵα޹ĿܻʵۡϯүȥͶҫϾʡ
ѽͿͿǽڣЩ鲻ܴһϴǷţ̨յ



122ð
 

ѵϯүдŸȥǱߣҫصʡ
ϴһ͵ʲôûġ
ҫ϶ٶ˵˵ˡǱ˵ձ˱үɽģλͳǼŮż鶳ĺȥˣԪ˽֡˳ƿ죬û죬үͱɱԢˡ
ϴСļͷ˵϶ѽһϹͷˣȻ˵һ̫࣬û»ǵҪġġ˵Ц

۵ҫ۾ϲȥſ죬һޡ۵СüĿƯСģ
ǡ 
ܵԴѽʮĺӡϴ˵
ҫϲ⣬˵ңϴ硣
Դʣϸ𣿵㡣
ҫӵС˵ճѽڴ򡣡
˵ſ֨źӿЦͣ

ԴԴʮŤӽҫϾЦԴ˵Դң֪ϸ磬˹Ҫѧϰϸı죬պ̳ļҵ
˵ţϴЦЦ˵ԴԽԽƤˡǶ˵ôôСʱӡ
ҫ϶ǡ̳мҵΪУֻסЦһʮ̡ʮµΪү鰸ϵıīϴڰֵﲻޣȻܶ

ҫͬʮ̱ԴţʮЦ˵϶ãûСҰִҵԴ㵱ʦպظҪ̫ƽ
ҫЦ˵үͶ̥ظ񲻸̫ƽһЦ

³壬̫̫˼Ůȥ㣬ġ
ҫظ׵鷿ǰ漤ҵ
ôԳأӦǮӦ˾һҪֵǻָǮء
˵˵ٸսͣⲻãҪʱתѽϴŭ
¹ʿջǱǮȵΣǮôܲġ
ҫﰵЦ벻Щܵĵǣͬүӽаˡ
Ǹ˵أΪӾͲҴ㣬ʲôӣ찤Ӿ찤ˡأҵȥˣ
ҫÿЦãŽȥ˵ǳһѽȱǮת𣿶ﻹЩӣǿ޻õģȸȥתɡ

ϴЦһ䣺СƴˣǵؽôǮ
ҫ˵Ǯ׶ͻˣõУ
˵Цһ󣬳ҫϷøЩͣҲƽ׽࣬ӷˣʱԣʱƤ

ʱ֣Ůǻ
ʾʲô緹
ϴ˵ߣȥԡӻ¥СŹǣٹջˮǲ㡣
ҫ游Ժȥȴ˹˹ͬͺɫࡣʣѽ滹ϲʹأ
˵ǵģһһһӺⶨʱǡǰĳϦͲ죬ûܽ
һĬҫ۾ȥŪỵ̂ٿԿ׺ﾫµĸֱʣϴһ˵ӲǮƽղҪҪǴġ
˼Ҫûø͵㡣˵
ҫϵϣѡµȣ˸׺ͰȥԷ

˾㷹ϴɣȺ϶ȥˣǰܻͲ
ſڣҫϰʾ⿪ţȴһԶϷ˵ڳǰ
ҫϻ׵ȥҲ³ǹŽ䱸غڣûдڣҲðʧˡ

㣬ǰܰɣϵʣȹһλӣ۴ܡ
ʮ겻ôˡԱߵϺ˵
ܾ㵲ѣϵϴͳҫ
ܶѽأﴺҶܵܺأʡ
ܲͷϷʣ˭ôʶң
ѽӣôŶʶѽǰúȾƣƷСŴǸ㣬ŻǼ嵰ԣ
ҡͷμǶʱĿѣҲǲŹүү

ϴ˰ɣʣܾÿЦ
ûϴûϴôϴأ˵ˮ֣ȥˣǧఴ˵ַ˵Ƿˣظסˡ
ϴԸһܶˡ
ݣ˷򷢼Ǯˡ
үţܶĸɲѽҪҶӰǵѪ׵ģôǾˡ
ӻŵһסͷӵ֣˵Щʲôϸҵүȥ
ŵʲô¥ôߣ˵ˡǴҶǸûĵװɵжĥɱ¿Ҿʹȥϰ淢ȥҵӣҪѺѰ

ϴɨһ۳ҫϣҫȥԸϳᣬԼͷ˵֪ʲôװ˫žͱŪˣϸԴԴ
ҫ뿪ǶԶȴ׷˺λүĪҲϵǼҴҶģǲѽ

ţϻظһš
ǶԶסţ˵Ҷӡ㵱¶¶ҼɵС˽㻹ƭǼеǮûšǵӻǣǵǮҲǡ
ţ㶵˵ţ˵ʲôǰ˼ҵѾߣҾûعҡ㻹ʲôҪ㣬׵Ѿź𣿡
Ŷѽ˵ûĵĻƭ˭ѽûعң˭ġ͵Ӹӻ̶ܶҸġ㹴˽ͨǷʹһ٣㻳ΪҺôˣǾˣ㲻ܻǿĺð˵ӡΪȥϵĹײǮЩʲôûԹֱ˵ˣѺӵնѽӿ޵Уߵ£ʮֿܺʣ˭ô˵˵ģ

ҲˣҲ¼ҳˣҵӶûˣˡҶҸ۷˫ԼĶ˵үҵĺӣúȥðȥСĺӣѽ

۷׷ףŽɡ̫׳ʣ˵Ѫֽŵģ
һ˵ɲ˵Ƕ׼ģԣʮҪϸĳɵġ⸮ĸĸŮģԵѽ



123Ϸ 
 

һ˽ԾȻĿˢˢͶţϡ
ĸףʶҵʲôţ
ţͷ˵ǣǿռ⹫ҵ˼ҵѾߡ
˵Ĳģʡ
ҫһЦˣɵСӣ˵ɵɵļٵĶûˣҪǣô֤ǵĶӣ֪𣿡
ŸףȻŪǼٶӣϰĶӣǰʮץظְֵϴ裬ڵö췭ظзһȻǼٵģȻӵĻܲζ

ϴ۴ţϣֿ߿ֵܡȻһҫʣ϶ô˵
ҫһƺ뵽׻˵˵ӿǲðˡҿڵһİӣΪþʱѪ׵ķǳЦѪǲ֤ʲôġ 
ѣٿɲô˵ⷨӲɿˣô϶ү׶أʮ˵ƲƲ죬ˣӿȥһЦš

ΪʲôΪʲôһҪأΪʲôſڿӵĺ˵˵ԩҿԣԩܶԣͬԹ޳ѾˣΪʲôΪʲôţЪ˹سȥסӺޣܴδĸͬ˺¶ˣֻ˿̷ŭ㣬۾ͨ
ٸҺ˵˵СĹͷˣδεǰ֪߳࣬κۣĸףĸ׵׺ԩЩĸ״ֵܶ˳ࡣ
˰ɣƭʲô˲ãƭشฮϣǶء㲻ʣݹǲ壬ǵһһ

˵˵ţƴؿ޺ŭһӻȭҪ򣬵쵰ٸҷƨ㡣
ϰϣүѽɱǽɱţߵ˦ͷӵţҶ̫ˣɵǵ£ǵ£֪ģҪ˵˵ 
Ϻڹ£֮ǰ͸˵ҶײϵġӵĶӶỹǮֻҪϰѺǿĺӻǣַȥҲҪ
ֹ̫̫۷׷ףҫĬȻ
ţϺȻǿҲԷֱ磬ͣ߶ûУѪˣΪʲôΪʲôѽ
Ŀ⾲ϴҲи۾ôشƺʶİ
үҼСĶӣҼСĶӣţϲ֪νͣǱЦȻСĶӣɺҵӣʵӡ

̫̫Źȱ˲¥նʱ࣬һ㡣ĿⶼšϷ̨ϡţĸӺǶԶϷ򸾣Ϸʤ
̫̫̫̫ѽţϻŵù¿ͷߣ̫̫ȴʣڵ˭
һ仰ŭˣȵʲô˼˭˵𣿡
ô֤أ̫̫ţ漴Цһţǲģ޷粻ˣǴҶ㣬ĸԩѽ
̫̫ԩѽţʹ޲ѡ
һĸ˵ʲôʲôý͵ģǲţ˵ȥҲ㡣
˵Ҳǧټסظģ־ǻ˵ѾȤˡ

٣Ҿһֱף⵱Ѿߵôôãͬүһҹү
Գƹŵ̿£߶߶Ҳ壬ֻЩţӻؼҵϸ˵꾡

ʮһԵ˵Ҿ˵ôôɣһѰһ˫£ʮĴСӡ
Աߵ̫̾˵ЦˣͲء
ʮ̺ݺݶһ˵ֵиϡ
Ȼˣ̫̫ˣ֪˭Ҫĸƾӹˡ
һǹ˵̫̫Ҿ˵ʵ˵ʵǲ֪ѽǸҶ󸮵治ǹ̵̵ѽϴҶؼȥǲҪӪȥӣǶӳ͸ˡ

˾㵵꣬Ѿŭɶǰ;ӣѽѽӱյҪͷȴš
ܶס֣ϴǳһϿܣӱӱߺţʲôףʲôֶء˭ﶼ֪أҰ֣ǸܵܣҵѽðǸĺȱ²ȱѽ˵ҶѽĲҲԣҪѺӻѽҵĸ

ܼһͷ¶緢СޣҫϽסȰ˵ͽʲô
ģſڿԩˣҲںؼҵͥҺȥɿԹúãֻǲԩˣܵŭ𣬳ҫϿЦԩζ𣿵ȻܣͬʱŻףпѱ磬ˮȴ޷㡣źɤȴƵһѳ𣿡ҫϺȻЦ
ϴŭĿ⽥ƵҫϿʼʱҫϺȻЦĹŵļͷ˵ˣţ벻ôͣϷĹ治ȥԱˡ˺ˣϷǱܵģǱһ֮ǰغ˵˵䣬ұԩûǿ˵塣ãҴӦģ˵ͣպ帣ˣҴﶼŻˡ

ȻȻ㿪ʼ˴Ц˵϶ôôĲƤ
գգŴЩֲȻ˵ϴҧƾҫϳһ䣺еʲôЦܿЦҲ㿪𣿡
ҫһ㿪ЦͣغšǱ߷Ը˿Ŷȥ¡
⣬ѽүǵģǸҶŻҪŵ˵ʲôҫѾЦֱ˵Ǹţˣҿ˵ˣ˵һ仰ԩһθһٴ󣬿ǵΪֹ˵ҲٸǮˡ
㣬˵ʲôŻҪڣү˵Աߵʮ̾˵û⣬ôճˡת̾뿪
ǰסҫҧгݣսȭͷҪСȴЦȻض˵ʲôԩҴ򡮵ѼӡʱûôȻġ֪ʲôãԩˣ
ܷȭͷεתȥ¥ϣţϴȥֿЦ

̫̫Цãִҫʣ϶ίʵĸôˣˣôƤ
ϴšһŵóҫ϶·ӡ
ƽһҹȥ峿ǹŹү򸾾ͲӰùܼ˵סߣֶţǮϼȥˡ
ڶҹһƾҹعݵĵδӵĿ
ԴԴôˣڴܾһ鷿Ѱȥʮķȥ

һƬƾҹܺȻ춯ʶɱҹԽ¶ʱֺг룬ƻա
ξúƮҹԴ۴š
˴̽ͷȥʮѾ׹¥£һ

ʮˣ˵ظַӰȥ٣ֺʮ̫̫¥׹¥



124ټ 

ϴڷѩѩƬ׷䣬ͷգ˿һѹ֡
ĽŲڻѩиҫϵܶûôѩ˰ɣҫʱչעڵϢ
ϴſ֦ͷһѣĿͣʣο
ʵҲ翴ֻ̫ԥɵʱҫϻ룬ƺǵķ񣬵ǵϵġҪȡᣬǶԴҫһ仰ϴٿȻͷ·һ˺Լϵһߣ벻Ŀֱˡ
䶯ڣɲ֪˵ʵҲǷ򸾵Ĺֻʲǫ̂ũ˵аۣͬһԥģΪǷȷʵţϵݡ

СӣôͬأΪӲˣƲ㡣ϴӲļ֣ȴҫϴЦ⣬ƴЩŪʱ࣬ʿ˵϶֪¶һֱɺ޵ֻǴΡ
ʵǴҲǸȡᣬӼȡᣬҫ֪ȴͷ˲ԻʣŶ˵ʲô϶ǲˡ϶ֻǵ϶ƤظǰСʱһвʹ޲ֹǰǵﴫȥҹðġ
ϴšһҲ֪˵ʣ
﷿ҹʱڰءҫ˵

ʮҾ֪ĺӡҾ֪ˡϴݺݴǽＷ仰
ҫʼδ׻ֱͬˣҲǳԾѣϾһ˵ܴ衣
ұһ۱һ۾͹ȥġϴ˵ʹرĿ
ӱ㲻ö֪ˡҫϺطܡ
㲻ˡ϶ûп㣬㵱ϵöԣңҪ̫ƽҪǷƽ˾
ĬãҫϲŹ˵ӵΪˡӲʮ̵С¥Ѱֻʹթɽ𻢣һţҹŹүѾгĻʹˡ
ɻϴ̾ҫ˵㣬㡣

ϴܵķ䣬ҡ
δйľϴһȥȥ
ܻͷޱ飬ܲǰݴ˿񳧵ĻЩ⣬ҪȥͬԷ̸СҪȥղŻ
ϴȻطЦٲ³Щʲô˵Ǳ߰ˡ㴦Ƿӷ躺ӣòҪᷢ衣
ϴͷȥܡ
ӴñӾҪ뿪ʱȻҪȥܲ衣ԩʱûվ
ϴȻȴ޴ӽͣʵҫ˵öԣʱӦõϣʹϵôˣֹͣһɧҡգͷ˵ҡ

ܴ󲽳ţȥĸ׸ǡ¥ҫڶŪ˸˸ѧࣺƽ󼪣ƽ󼪡
ôǳԶţҫʡ
ܿЦл㣬лĸһֱϾл
ҫЦЦ˵л𣿻ҳԷҼסˡ
Դ޹ġ˵
ҫ΢˵㶼֪ˣ
һûôɵ˵ֻʮò̫סƵƵҡͷҡͷ˼һ㡣
ҫҲ˵ʵգδǲֻǰ㣬зüۣүһģ̳һ˵үӸ˭ģҫܵļͷ˵Ҹùϲ㣬Ϊؼʱ̣үӻѡ㣬֤ɽòԥɼأҡ

ҫͷҲȥҫϵĿǸ¥ϣ۵һˣǺԵ࣬ǰҫϣҫϷ۶ϵˡºɶѵˣȥѰ޲Ѱͬɫĺʯģɫ졣ϴ󵱻ϣûһˣȻۣȴǵ׺Щգ˵Щҫȴ󷽵ͬ˵һ·أԸʱһûߣҺܿҪȥ񡣡

ݣ»𳵣ͼվ̨ҺܶΪҲסޣһȺ̸ޱȣǵʣλүһ˲ĵģǮءȥǼҿջסɣء
˹ȰȥסҵĿջֵܹΪܽΧ
˵߻ӣ˾ܽñҪȥԶӣû͵ģһúˣʰЩ
СŮ۵ĴѰȥǸŮСð׾ɰϧΧ۵Ѿ۷׷ףԶʱⲻǱһۣǡͬһĿⲻڶ
㣬ѩ񣡡ţȻһƿǰѩѩˣ
Ǳ˾ŮͷɢħűŮȾܣֿˣĶӡ
ѩѩʲôѩܸѽܲݷ˵Ƚ׷ŮڳվһͲӰῴѩ


125εط 
 

⼸ʧһ㣬ѩȥѰѩټֵδҵѩ١
ͬݴ˿񳧵̸нŽ׶Ρ
Լס񣬲ȥѩ񣬵ǰܳѩǾԹʱɫĿȴŶ˵ıӺ͹°ôġѩһƾɵȾӣϴ÷ףͷɢ¶һ޳Ĳǿΰ̺ļǵãСʱѩȥ񵰣ѩ˲Ǵѩȣ˵ҲҪȣŵѩΪġȻ֪ŻǻǰȣЩΪȣѩĶϵ˰̷ŧ˺Եİ̺ۡǰ̺ÿɰɫǡ֮䣬һװεĺ׹ӡ

ȥĿ⣬̸ʱʱ
ʦүһԲʱȥܵĽţΡڣʦү޿̣Ѱܳ⣬ĳ˵ѽȥǲС£Ҵɡǰүԭ㣻ʱ˿̣ٻˣүĵġ˵նٶʹĵ㿴٣ʱ˲֪ع
ӽߵ飬ںβˡܶԷʦүǿͿġʦүȴʧѵүԶأ̻ļҷ£´үĵġ

ܵͷͷҪ߷ʦү޷ˣһҪһѩ
ʦүƺ˼Ƭ˵ݵͷмѣͷ߱ϾϤƬһЩȥˣǶٲΪŮʧǵ¡
ȴһѰѩĲľģʦүΪΡ

ʱֹ죬ڲеȴԼΪʲô˵ĳ嶯Ӱԡ겻ᣬϾܱСѰѩټ
ʦүÿţŽƽƽ˵٣һͻضȥү籨ˡٲҲҪȥүȥԶԲѩС£Ѿ˼ȥңһϢ֪ͨ١
ԲţЦѩǵģ˱оơȻƱˤȥϷ飬ܷ޵𣿿ΪʲôҲһŮӣˣΪʲô

ʱѣȻ̧ͷͷġܺģûһյƣˮڰҹѲӣȴ͵͵Ц
ôȥˡ˵зǼ
˵ţ˵Сźأǿ޿ᡣ
㱿ҾŻ˵ٿޣٿҾͺŮһͲˡ
ȱ²ȱѽ
һüͷ֪ЩҹȥѰǰطŮ

ǼˣǮˣˣϣǱǺ꾫ȥ˻Ƕ˵˿ӣзֹš
˵ŮǴ˼ҵĹŮأôӡһԼϱǮ
̾üͷӻ쵰⼸վƵһľꡣ˵ǸϵĶľиͽ򣬺öĳԣѸϱѺȥ˻ǮȻôҪķ򸾡

ȥˡֵЦ˻˵٣ãӮʮö󣬻һˡϸƤģɱҤĻɫء
һЦзʣ˵ôôŻ˽ʱˡ
ˣŮ˴޴ٲȥźӮˣͼۣ⣬齫ôҴ۸
ŮҲûһͷײֹš
ˣ۹Ů¡˵ǹŮģǴƿġѰǹŮȥֵط
ñӵĿϡԴϢЩ˹ԶЩȴ˵һ䣺߰߰ɣȥɡӮǮҵǮ

˶ûȥ룬ųִǷæүû˯ģ
ܡšһ˵ߣضЩز˴ȥ
ееġ־ǰ·ڵ·ǰߣҹգĺڰ
ʣжԶ
˵͵ˡ
Ȼ㣬ǰһƬƻͨҹаСǽһͷ̯λǰ£鲻Խһ俴
СİɣʣЦЦûǮ
ε֣˵ˣûǮɣܸ磬ȥзȥ϶ǮġǰǮءָָǰǵӰשʯ·ɺĵƻˣҲãȻһƬ
ʪʯ·һ˲ĵǰ߹ҡķơ

ܸ磬ȥˣǮɡҶķԲ˶Ľ˵
룬ʱãͻĳ֮ҲӧĳϤҵֻݵĶĳȥȥ

Ϥ
Ѻ󣬴󣬴󣬴󡭡
СССС
һƬѰ̨£ںӶ档
ܸ磿ӲŰСӣǲȣѸֵܸط
зأʡ
ָָ˲һӣһЦ
ЩĵˣͶԺ˵ö
ܸǣ棿ͳЩ졣
ܶ˵ȥѺѺСĶ֮Ա˵ԩͷ

ֻׯһƿ룬һƬȻǴ
ǮƵǰ󻹸˺ӣҪߣׯʣ壬㻹²ע
ңң¡ϹأҶģҶˡȥǸߴ׳ںĺӣ׷ѩһ㣬紥磬ﲻֱ

ܸ磬ôˣܻзӴڳЦ
ܾˣĿͶзӣش򿪣ͷηηųһŮӣ˽ֺĺڲЬָϵҸµۣ̿ĥĥǽߡ
ǽǴŵСڨڨغܴǰ뿴쾪㵵ú֣ϳѩ

ǡҲͷ㤰ħĿ⣬ŵһ޾ܣʧһ㡣
ѽء׷˺ܲһеؽ׷׷񱼰ѩչһӣͣ£˸߸ߵԺǽ¡
ǰȻЦˣЦľĺ
ʣүʲôźү𣿿ҼǷүǮ
ѩ񣡡յһʣΪʲôҪôԼ
ѩЦɢ޷˵ҺܺѽҿԼı³ԷһԼŮ
ѩ㿴ңܸѽƴȴ૵ɡ
ѩ!֪ܲȥͷ֪ʱǸ߰繫ѩİòϡ



126ʱȥ 

һѱ紵ɢ޷չ¶ЦգǹŵĻȣȴֹס¡
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ѩϹΣǰ׾ûѪɫɫ¸Բҵ˵߰ɣԵûңүֽƬʱġ
һֱڹңΪʲôңѵ£ܸΪأܵı߱εʣ̲סᡣסѩӣԼߣҲѰء

ѩ񿫰˵һȥʲô˶֪¼ֻéģȥ˼ҵĲϣɾ˵θ֮Ψֲˡ
Ҳ侲β棬βС㽾ԵѩӾȻ˵Ķ䡣
ʹģȴ·Լһֻõ֣òȥ跨
Եһѩ˵㻹иŮǰɣϣһôϣٴ궮£֪ӪϣΧ˴ǣպ޷޸˼𣿡
ܵĻһѪȻѩȻֹͣ

ߣǰи¥ܸԵ㶫˵ָָǰҺӻ¥
ѩɬģ˼ŮʱĿɰ˵㣬ȵңȥԶٱȻҼҵĲͻ
ܵͷѩĹݷȥͺסǮ˵ҸӮģ˵ҵȥ档
ѩͷᣬĿȴȻСʧԣæͷѩԶ

ڶĳſڵȣѩСŮССǱ裬޿ͬ߿˵Ǹǻˣóú
ѩɴ۽ѵŮ˵´˭㣬ץҧȥ۾
ǷӣܿΪ֮ѩøЪ˹ҡš

ӻ¥żҪĢ棬һĸŮ˳Ե̻ʡѩͣŮУţЩϸ졣
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ѩͷ˵Ƕҵģֻǲϡ
ӵģܾ붭˺ݶȻѩĸŮϳ˼š
ҶȥܺݺݵشＷ֡

һȥˡѩ˵ɨһܣѹúܵͺܵ˵ǶүģǣǶүġ
ܾԺ£죬ǷȻ
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ҵĴž֪ˣңңҡҵӣȥݵĹӡһ˶үĺӣҪҵĺӣҾܣߣ˺ӡ˵ҵڹǸ淢ңҺŮͶҪҾͼ޸ȼ꣬⻹Ⱦ˶񫣬Ͳˣѩ޵Ҳ˵
ܲѩЩң˵Ȼܰաѩ˵ѩܸ£ܸκ˶˵ԵһجΡٲȻܸȥ⣬飬źӣĿǹѩͷյᡣ

ϣѩĸŮķһԼĳѩ˵ѩҵӣպϴţͷˡ˸ϴ·ȥ
˵꣬תţЦ⡣ǡʦүʦүŭ٣ҵĶ˵𣿡
һЦµĺ˵壬һжˣǴѩض

ܸ磬𣿡ѩϴһͷڷʪɢëáܵЩ󣬿ϵأһЦ
ܸ磬Ҫӹзһۿѩ񣬶ĿжǾ֡
ѩ͵תͷʧǵܣܿһɫҰ׵зٿһзС֣ʱз˿ʱ龰նʱ䡣
׷ݣѩĺ庢˯ı˵˾˽ȥӣ㰾ͷˡ
һ߿ʼ衣
˵ȥ²룬㲻ǣҴʧ
ѩЦ˵ûҲźˡǣݶźѻ¡
ѩ񣡡֡
ѩȻ§סĲӣǸŮѧͷ˵ܸ磬лл㣬Һ㡣
ɵѾͷܹıӣЪߣض

峿ܰźһѩķ䣬Сﰲ˯ڴϣѩӰ
һܸ磬ˣƴС֪ǸʲôŮˣ㡣
ܷӣǡײС־ʣѩ𣿡
СֽͰ˵˵ȥȡ
ȡʲôѽʹ޵سȥķ֪ļңķӦ֪
ŵķһȺΧڶķſڡ
һڴſڡ
ֿܷ˽ǰѩ񣬲԰׵գ˫ۣѾ
ȥѩʬ壬ҡ޵ѩɵѽѩΪʲô
ʦүϵ俪ϳﳤȥ

з˰æѩʬ˻ضʧǡ
ƾơʦүȰʦү˵֮ˣͲܶŮ鳤ѣѣ
ܹЦˤžƺյʱʱЦ
٣ʦүȥһǶܵȥɳϣʦүָүƣ㡣һѩֵǾǾԼ̫Ϊ˽ԣүýѩ˲ִټˣ޼ҿɹ飡



127˪ 
 
һ仰ڣʦүشϢʧ԰ȻܿǾ㵵۹⡣ܷһѾסҡʣ壬˵ʲô˵ʲô
ʦүŵ˦˵٣ʲôû˵ʲôҲҪ֪ЩΪЩµˣΪá

ܿЦǿɬ͸ÿ񾭣ľ޿ƵĴʧţôûʹĴޡѩ񣬷·һֱֻۣһֻ۾ıȥȻ´˺ֵԳưԼĸסΪʲôŪ߿ޱЦžƿʹйʦүֵǵȰס˾ƿ֡

˾ˣôһ۵
紥һ㣬ֹͣ˷ȻףһĲſڨڨ
˾ˣȥ
ܵ޿ɿƵĺͷ˵ȥѰ⹫һȥˡﳤЩ˾˴ȥ

صŭš
ܶ˷籧³ʱܳ
壬ɻˡҴһһˡСŵ㣬Ųͷ˵ʱƳҫϵ
ɫãʱʲô˵ʣ壬С˭ѽ
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ϴһܣŭҰȥˣôò
ֿܻĺʣŮ˭ҵĺӣ
ҵģܺԥ
ϴشĿ£ִϣȻĿкȻЦˣָС˵ģųȥʹ˽ˣ
˱Цȴӵͷ˵ҲϤѩ񡣡

ĿֱϴĸףĿʹģʹ̡
̫̫ϹתȥȻĿԶȥ˵ۣôˣ

ϴɢȥܵķ䣬ţַ֣Ŷ롣
һƬڰϴ󶨶Ӧǰʵ¶ڴߵϡһë̺Ϊϣ¾ȴһأ
ܶ㣬ǹŮˣϴסʣԥ
Ϊʲô૵
ϴ뿪ڣȴ֪ôش˵ֻΪá⻰˵к棿
ΪʲôʣϴŰҹ˫ŭĿ⣬簵ҹĹǣ÷̹һ㣬ͷ
Ϊʲô˵Ϊʲôҵ
ϴһ㵣ըڶһ㣬ǻǣΪʲôҵһᡭ

˺һˣĬ࣬ﲻ͸Թϴ֪ȥأնӼģʲôֻǡŶšûԵĻСĿɰЦòãǵ¥¡Ů̫ѩˣô

ϴúЩѣһӡЦˣƺоǼ¶ȣǷŨŨĸҲѰأɢȥһĻϷ
ߣߣЩѽ۵ѰţȻŴڵϴȻСڵʱǷͯȤǰ˵Ҫﴺˣǻƥүүë¿
¥ﻶؽţһͷ󺹵ţȻһϺȣȥ˾ζ㽲Ĺأ
ϴľȻ̧ͷӵգĿ⣬ͻȻʹɣŸСͶܵĻįڵϴ̾ϢʱһӰӷ
ϴͷǳҫϡ

ǺЦЦԳˣá
ҫȴ˵ʹҪЩʱˣЩʱ䣬ͻõġ
ϴӱƽʱǶӵҫϣҲǴ䱸ͬԶࡣοοĪڴˡ

϶㲻Ҫȥһ𣿡ϴʡ
ǣǵġҫϴ𣬡ҾЩ
ϴͷȥʱҫϿӰ͵ӰԵ㲡

ˣˣ¥Ŀ޽ϴæţѱﱧȥһе죬ʹ࣬ҪǿЦݡ
ˣϴʡ
ˣǻˣˣǺָ˵ϵ˾УģƽϸͻȻ˵ĳ嶯ϴôС£
ǰסﱧϴ̾Ϣ¥ȥŲƮ˼⣬ܾΪ˸ŮˣҪ

ǻ˵˵ңݲ˯Ǹӣ˭ⰵǶٵľաˡŮ˺õϵˣŮͬԡ˵˵˯ĶˣˣиݶӶĵôͼץҧ
ϴסҪ°͡ѩȻ˰ӣϵˣĪǣ֪ܵһУд˾ޱ?
ᣬѽֻ꣬꾫ȥɵСӵĻŴҴҰһС
ѩӦüȥˣλȥأãѽϴæԸ˴з鷿ʻ



128ɽ¥ 

ϴ֪ӺʱܲͬӶ˶ʱֻϴɰͰ͵ʣ
ܾ͡šһǻش
ϴЩʲôҲֻáǡ֪ˡЩ򵥵Ĵڹȥ
Σϴȥ׽̸̸ͬܶܶƺӶ˼ʲôİ·ˡ

ûҵ뷨ƺûѩĺ·εһֶӣࡣϴʱͬţ϶Իᵽ佯ε¶ǵܾͱտڲˡ
ЩʼɽΣȴ޿κΡܰοԼС¿ˣƢԹȦĥɻˡ
˵ܽþҫϻʱᣬסҫϵֱ˵СӣˣһҲǵĶӡ
ҫϿο˵ѽܶǸ˲ţİɣպ϶ҫб¡ҫϴȴڴϣƫ棻ܴڹ;ϣͷ˵˵ġ

ڻ𽥽ʱаֵܳ뽨齫ҵŲȥۣϾǸọ̈̄ٻ߾ȥ
ϴȻϣȰƿڴʽʲôǿƣⶨҵĵ̣й˵ĵ̣ҪҲСձߣƾʲôҪߣ
ȵأⲽ˹˵ŶҼˣΪҾҪ̸ǾլӣŶҲûС
ߺߵⷬǡܵĿ⣬ӵĿϲԺְֵЦˣЦÿģ˵ӣǲߣ
ǼѾһ̫̫࣬ǻ̻̲յȰ뿪и·ŰݷãȰȥģȰȥġ

ȥѰ罯ΣԴ缴Σѩ֮Ҹߴ磬´ģдһϣܱϣҪá
ŮѾѾܣŸճСɹ̫嶺
绹ûؼңɩ˵ͼѾѾܹСҪʥ
ܵ۾类һĴʹӣǰɫѪԲԲ̫ձҩ졣
㵵ѾѾģ
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ܾ㵣ɩӣɩ˵ȻԲѣȻ˰ȥūÿЦɺޣ޲óһ⡣ʱǰ
ϲ⣬ŷѲƵءôˣ

ܼǵСʱѩ񱳹졷Ĵʾǵá
ѹͿŴ磬ҲѾѾĸҩ죬εһЦ˵̣ΣпͻǸϳ
뼱ͬһͿ˵׻ܶ𣿴糹׺Ϳˣǳ󣬴粻۷ˡ

ܻؼңվɥҲϳԷȥͷ˯
ȴߣͷ˵ҪѲףδûѹ
⻰Щֻܲ̾įȥ
ܶ޾ɣţ֪ӵ˼Ȱ䣬Ҳ
鲻ãڳǷ𣬵ǼװͰ͵Ҳڶ
ʹһ٣ȻҲǰòƯ
Է˵ݽĳԣȻиҪʰ룬ȥڵķʱͰ˵

Ϊ˸ѽү֪ʲôˡҪձ˽ȥҼֵð乤Ѵձ˰ִǰ̾ʹʱү֪¾;Σϸ𽫴öٵ֪Ϊʲôѽү˵Ƕ񣬾̥һҲˣܲ˵ġ
һ㣬ﲻͷԿտղ֪ȥѵǰһ˵ݵϷòߵĹµձˣȺ߲ŴˡԭǣǣǱɵİơ

ظҸʣȻǸĲޱȡΪ˲ģ˴¶꣬ڰڲΡ
صʱһš

ѽϲ£ϲ¡̫˵ү㷢ȥˣֻүߣȥȰȰɡ
鷿ſùܼס٣үпˡ͡
ܶ𣿽ɡϴ󷢻ӦȥͱĿɿڴ

ɳϵװͦձˣСʵ׵رѵձҩ죬Ҳʼ·

λȮܡϴǺЦŽܣֶ˵λɽһҪ
ﰵʲôû¶ŭ⣬ϴȴ˵̣ˣ׬ǮУͬ޹ء
˾پƣԤףɹܶձޱС˿һ۰ǹƿŭ⣬ͰڰַԸ˵ܶȥɡڵ㣬˵Ϊ˸
ţ̽ͷ̽Եİʣô£ʲôүӶ֪Լʲôˡ
ҡҡͷۻ̻˵үýȥҲ̸֪ʲôһ̸һ硣

ãִһʽšԷΪ׵һȺ˴ţϴ󣬲ܷ˭ףҪ˭ģյⲻǴӦȥѵɱԼ𣡡ƿڴ
ҶƽɢҲͣҶƴºĵǺ磬Ҳյ뷹

׼ȷ˵Ǹ֧ȥʱǡ´òֺ


129ƶ ... 
 
 

ܰȽºͣѻʯɲɡ˵ϣЩʱɣܵձˣΪɱ
£ŻȻȴԭ̸Ϊձ
Ȼŭǰ˵㻹йǸ˶ΪȥɱԼֵܡǰ˹үµΪʲôҪ壡ϸձѪ׿ڴӦΪϸ籨ġôΪ˵ǮΪѣ

ϴȴͻȻЦˣָЦСӣ϶ǹ˵˵ˡֳȥûûСӴƨɣ
ɴԲԲۣȴЦݣƺûöӵĻ¶˵һʣ궼˯ˡⲻ𣿴̣ضʤġģҪ˭ӮǶȥڰǽǺڰվȾ׸ȾɺŷˣָƯѽ˵չЦ

Ǹ룬ȥȥ׮õľǿӣȥһ⣡ϴԸ
ɫҰף˵ү벻ܶԲϸ磬ү
ذͻǹ׼룬ܷȥһƿ룬һǹߡ
ܷӭϣһ߷ϴеǹŭĿӡ

ããСӡӴӣˣˣˣҰˡӽƲӷǴѼӡÿӡϴɴŭſţһͷʨָֻܲӹ£һûֱͦͦص£ɽء
үүһƬ

ڸ׵Ĳǰʬ壬ȴòĸףȴڻСǰηӳ˵
Сڼ˰Ҫȥ۵ģֻүүͻȻʱ¡֪үүΪձ˷˾ʱүӴǰʹһȥ
ϴڴ˵ȴطԸˣˣҷأСӸӰʮӡͬСһľ¿ӣƤ

֪л𣬵кޣۿСܻȥߣȻסţ˵ʲôˣ˵ÿһѪй˵ﻰû򣬾?ȥ˻ӸӴӴӳܻʲô£ųû˹ͷ˱ӣܷ޷޵ţһǻŭ֪ηйųƶһȻ˵԰ܡͺһǹʡʲôأ

ȥ׷ʶӳֵʱΪʱ
ȥֳ裬·ǰ¹ޣĿơ
ߣȴߣķԡ
Ȱ˵磬ձ£ҲϲǾʳˣҲձ˿Ӵֵ𣿡
ãƺѾͷȥͬҫϴһȶģȴͶƣ˵˭˵Ҫģ
˵նٷֻҪһڣͲ飬ʳܵ顣

عݰ磬ǰͻȥĵֽݱ˳ִۣȥձָջص㡣ȿӵʣѾǴˡܶ¥ڨڨ˵ϧҴ粻ڣҴ࣬ƽʱֻȰȰҲа취õ¶ɣ޿κΡ
òףʣôá¶ɣ޿κΣ
õ˵ɵɣûҴ顣ϴεôӰɣʹ𣿿ǴʹӦѽȻأסȥֹٲס˲ǡдȻ϶ֽҪֻŪٹԹԵİѳ϶óġȻ·ɱҧĻһϷԩ˴类򡮵ѼӡǵҲȫΪǼ仰Ҳ뾯ЩҲҴ粻ͬǸƽϣƣʮܼҲһҫϡõҫ֮ܰమ޲õͷ˵

ö˵Ц¥һҵĽŲ¥Ľǲˣ˵ˣ͸ýǮǰ;˳൳˻ܹⳡϽ壡ذΨͼǮһӶ٣Ƕ̲ۣ˵˵
úؿŷ죬
Ǽ²СǲԳʲôձ۹ôСǮѽôֵܣʮҴѺǰӵʦڣⲻҪҽȥǮѽ
ǰһձˣ൳ȥˣһϲ𵽵Լˡǣôɺأ˼ǰģܾòãͬ뼰ԨԴͬ൳ϵǣǸ׷ˮӵľξ׾ٱ˽غȥ

Ϳͣһߺ¥ָž׺šճǼơڳ¥ɽóҷ׷ס
ܺȻЦЦȴǱͷЦ
Ȳƿųȥͼױ¥ﳪϷ˸ȥס׵Ĳźһڣ˵Ҿ˵丸ӣϸǵĶӡ
ϴšѾͷõȴһԵܣͰͲʵӡٸҸըëôʰ㡣ҲҵĶӣ
ȻҪӵͷӵĳ嶯ѹСͷӣȻթйܾ֪֮˵ʲôϴһСӣƢ治ʺɱҫϲԶˡˣȥ̡ۣ

ȻϣִƬ̲ŷָײЦ
ﲻòȰ˻طò˵٣Ǳ´£ٲ㡣үѾʼȥˣֻǲձˡ
ɺòʱò˵Ҫˣү㣬Ҫˡ


130 

ƽǵǹ죬սĻ
ĳҪԱĿݽѪڵʦԱĻ
ս𽥽ѾϽʱתȥۺͺ⣬˵±ҵʴ͵ˡֵҲ뵱ūбǰ߼붫¾ģбƽģڶصģȻҲгȥġ

汾Ҫ̫̫ȥⶨӵģ̫̫һȴڰٻ˾˰ϧϧϧϧ̫̫òױޣͬ󷽵̸޵˵һ󻰣ȥȹݣϧϧȻˡ
ʮ⣬֪ϧϧΪʲôˣסֺȰϧϧ˵Լȥ󣬲¾»ͬҵ׵˲粻깦ҵ׾Ͱܸˡ룬Ե֣ȥԵδϧϧߡѰ˽Ƴȥ⣬

һ˳ѾЩ壬̫̫Ƕȥֻۣʣ̫ʹ̫̫ţϣҲˡ
ϴɱ߳Է߷ֽʱ̾
˵ܳԺˣ¥ȥˡ
ϴȻס˵ܣʰ磬ȥۣ̾ߡ
ȻʣΪʲô
սҪˡ
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ذʲҪ̵ǸߣһϹͷƴˡϴ
ܺЦսǰ˵㿴ˣ᲻ãɱϾٳֲϣ磬뿪

ȥҲûϴ̾Ϣһ˵ѵӦǾ仰һ˾Ҫһ
˭ܼ
ϴͷִЦ˵ɣɣӾ档

ֿܽ̽׵ؼңּһλˡʮ£ˣһȳһյġ
ܲɶ࿴ۣۣŨŨüľӣһɫڿ۾
ϴСׯ硱ܾ˸Ž˾䡰ׯ硱
Ĺأʵľ׷˼䣬ׯ˵Ǳƽˣͬؼоɣ߶ˡ
ƴӴɫв²˼򵥣ֻ׷ʾǡ

ׯȴ׼˶͸¶Ϣһܣܵķ͵͵ʣ˵ׯǲǺܹ֣ƽղѽ
ֻɨһ䣺ﶼͬһȥѰ

Щ˼ˣձˣձռ˶ƽš
ϴһٶܻرܣԼȴձЦӭΪ
в죬ȴ֪Ӧձˣھܾǵ£Щձ뿪ʱһɥһһ顣
׵鷿ϴ̸֣ܣˣӽ֮ڶ췭ظСա
ֶܷԸ˵ܶȥæӺɹǧ׷ߣںǮҪȥ
۾һȻϴг񣬲ȴ

ܸɾʮ㣬׽ܵ񣬲ɹ𣬲ɹҩƷɹë̺͹ͷȻ֪ʲôãȻѵǮӣʹ졣
Сӣǰ𣿡˵ǰߣΪǰߵĵṩͲǮӻʹ죬𣬻ûǮˣСӾҪԼȥˡ
һЦ˵ҲϡǮ
ˣҪǮʲôáϴ̾Ϣ

¥ˣŪһ˷ܵĴΪա
ʣôû
ͺŵģ¹Ȼû
ģʣǵøѾԼظ֧Ǯȥõĵط
һͷ˵˼ҵģ˵뽻ѡձ˻湻ѡɫ䣬־ȥһѷȥţҪʲô
ϴɫ˵ѽ˵ĶҪ˼㶫ͱضĿĵأҪծ
ٻ˵ȥǮļǮ˻˼ңˡ
ְһм˵սսձ˵Ķ㲻Ҫ
ľֲսӣ˲̣ǲҪľԱġ治
ĻٷʹϹȣϴֹʲôϴȻЦʣѽϸѼӣֵĴȥǲϲѽ
ŵһսæ˵֪ˣ֪ˣҪϲ͸ɡ


131˽ӷ 
 

һ磬ϰϰĴŴҹ汻ѣšֹֹ
Ͱ򿪵ƣϴҲһѸȴǴûйؽ˴ȥ⣬ҷ죬졣
ҪˡϴŴİҹ㶣Ŀ͡
϶֪󻹺𣿡䲻һ仰ȻҲˣֵأѽСǰǲˡ
ϴСҰףɪȥǽǵģ̲סЦˣΪҴҴ˾䣺ֹ֪˲ڣĹ
Ըջ㶼ȥֻԼȥͭ˵˯ԣ˯ɣȢϱĺˣ͸Ƶġ

涯ͷЩίȥϴҸ£Ƿֵĸ첲Լͷֻ㽫׵Ļ˵زװ棬Ͳجκˡ
ϴ̧ĺ˵ѽϸСʮСˣ˵ľͺ£ﱻꡣѽôذʵĶأӻЦȥͺ˵˭Ǩ϶Լվ˵ӡ̵ģҹҲҪд꣬Ĳ㣬ڱ꣬ǴεøƮȥͷŵӶȥѽȥءͰͰڸǽǶһҹëһ͹ѽһЩ۵ңôǸЩˡѽºëǸĲˣĲˡ󷲸˼ҵСӣˡû룬ҲһҹҴ϶ȥԣȥֻ񲻳һطȥ˯ǿյķӣ֪ﺦ¼ˣ¼ˣҲǨôˣôˣ˴̿ͣлɱѰģ¥ʮӿصҷˡ÷ɵǹϢġವͷɣҲ֪¥³ʲô״֪һʱұɵˣǷңΧȻһǹ죬ڰǹ׼Ҳ¶Լ϶Ȼˣû뵽ڵҹǹɱˣͷһɱˣү¥ߣɱʮˡǿ·ӣǴʮ֣ȻҲڻսɱ˸лͷ졣϶Ѫһ￪ʼ鴤˵ҪǱˣͶ̥Ǹ¶𣿡ҾǸûϢģô˵Ͷ̥أġ
ϴģֻԼ첲ģˮס׵ĸ첲ʡ

ʣأϲСϲôôѽ򹷶ûôݡ
ΪǵĶӡһڰ治ݵ¶ͲˡͬһģЦˣأ涺ѽСƨɣ˴ˣĵ
һž紵ӵȻɱ棬ⴰšһӴ϶һһٵ˴Ҫ
类ͷһսವ

ʲô裡ϴû
桰ŶһֹţҲǳԾ˯ͷûˣʲô
ȻʲôȥˮҵĴʣѽϧϧˡ
סڣϴί˼ϲϧϧءֻᵱĸܺѩ񻮵ð㣬㣻Һϧϧ
߶߶˰ҹۣһˡ

̶꣬¥һңϴ̨̽ͷʲôɥģ
ձˣĦгǹʵܱĴָǳصģѹѹһʽ̳ŰȣһȺǰĵ˷̵۾ٴС
ϴͷЦˣ¥ºˮʯ˾ҳԻƣǾҲͷ˭̣ҽҵĺþ˯ȡ
һĴЦСγһ߳һλСʵľĿ棬¥̨ϴ󹰹˵ϰ壬߶ˣˮʯ˾
ϴЦˣˮʯպ˵ҪԼ˵أҼﲻ
¥ͬձܱŵЩЦ磬ʱ˵Ļѡ

ˮʯսһػժָѩ׵һȾİףҫ˵ˣʱޣǵ鱨صõϢҪڹլϰͻӷ
ӷͻϴˮʯպǺǵЦùͷʣͻӷҲͻϣѧʣûѧңвС˵ˣӷ㿴⸮˭ӷ˭ĸ͸ˡϣҴطˣ¥ôѽ˵˵µĵӣǸǸ¶ѽ˵չЦ
ˮʯ࣬ŭȻɨһȦڿڰЦˣĿȴϡ
ϴ˵ҼҶСӣ㿴Ҳøġ
ƴڻһЩձܱˮʯҲҶ֣ˮʯʿ˵ϰ壬ˣԸϰ塣Ѷ԰ɣѡ
ϴ˵ԣѣѣǵȻǺѣպҪءǺǺǺǡ

ձ˻ȥ緹ʱͲλ۾ׯܾЩֻʣʣأǸׯ˭ѽ
ׯׯׯѲǹꣿϴͿв˸˵Сӣŵˡ

¥¥ܼԶ̷ŷ¥ʣ˭ķˣ
ϴ¥´𣺡ιģ˰ɣ
Ƿʵ𣿡
治˭£



132˭ڼ 
 

ϴܷԸ¶¶˵գܾҪǳţˮ
ܶϴסȥ¶ȥˣֲȥ㣬ǣڶҪӵȢϱɡ
ܿЦ˵˵ңˣ˽ģ룬һԼ룬ǱܴϿСʱģȱͷһ漴أֺУñ̶ȥ
ϴԭһģͰ͵ܣЩϾ¶ǿ󲻵ãҲﲻ˶ӡǵ仰˳½µԪ಼ЬȥƿڴСӣǵǵѽˣ

û׷ܾ˳ȥȻôδеȨս˵һŴضϴ˭ðëͷСӵȨ̵ģϴȴ޿κΡ

ϴϥǾɲ۵µ·
ҽȥҽΣҽҪЩϴǷĲ¼
һܣʿ˵Сӣôҵ㣬ĲءǵȲˣҪȥΡһǱߣ㣬㡭ǵøͺˣײֽǮǼٵģ֪ڵܷյء
仰ܺȻôô˵أȲ𣿡
ϴģġѾ籨ȥϴæҲ÷Щ
ϴܣļͷ˵Сӣúøɰɣ
ǰϴһٸģжŶʱɵЦʱ޷˵СӣɲãҲݺ㡣

ȥ͸ףǺ嫵ĽˮжԶȥڼװϵӰԽԽСһСڵʧڽͷͷһĪİˡȻǸˣ֣⣬ϲɻȱһ֣Щᣬ˼ͻᣬȥɬʡ

ܻظһƬҡ
ܸ磬ǻˡˣձܱׯץ!
ܾñȥǵҵķ䣬ǰǧ֮һׯǶĽ˳ԲݸƤûиˣ׽λ졣˵ԼûսͬСƴֻܺúñЩɱӵĺúǡ
ֳԾΣŭܶ԰ŭ𣺡ôصģαձ֪ȥξʹ
ί˵ܸ磬һ𣿡
ҲͣôͣׯҲزˡ

ܣбڼ飬Ϊؿׯ¶ֻȼ˺ùܼ֪ձ˾ѣ֪ؿĽڻأƽصĴ˴ߡ
ܽ¿ܵ˶ųż嵰棬ȻĺŸ棬棬˰ȡ
ܺݺݵسԼ⣬鷿ڵĹүйôôãôׯץߣ
պׯʬںӱͷѰʬ岻ȫҲ̶á
ֽҥ˵ׯһ̫̫׽ڴɵڡ֪һжıĺׯҪҲ˷ݽ
ƽţձ˵в£ܰո׵ķԸͬǴ̫ȭ˵ҸڶҪ˼һˡ
ʵϣȲףҲûȵҫϵ١

ܰո׵ָʾΪձսƷ͵͵ǰߡ
û˵Ѫڣչעս·չαװڵռͬ߸ҪȴȥƬرסֻҪ߳ǾԶ
еǮȥƷ޻ҩƷͷ
пʼʡ֧Ƕȥֻۡ汧ԹĶ࣬ҪǮȥˣ
㶼ȢϱˣҪʲôǮ
˵ҵģҪٻ٣Ҫֱ׳
Ǯôִţֵܼ·ֳ
ȻԵ˰͵͵ܸôôƴ٣ȥ̰鷿ֻƿˡ
öֽ汩һ٣Ρ
׾˻صز˱Ѫ˵ȥߵȥ㡮Ѽӡ·ϡ
һۣٲ

ԴӽĴȨ֪Ҳ֪׹ĵͷ۵ȴİ嶨ᣬ۲ݡǵøʱסضؼʱ̣һѽεҪϵİ壬󲻵ãӵĲֻǻᣬڵеҪ㣬ԶеĹǣܵˣͲܹҡڲҲľǴģԶϵİҪԣܿʼԥؾϣľ֣ƾ־飬߷ǵø˵һİ嵽Ҳжɶϴ󣬵ڵϡ

ǵҹڻƵĵƹȻ˵һΣߣһΣҫϡѼӡǰһһӣһΣڣΪʱ϶֮иȡᣬֻܶģ϶뿪ҡǣ˭뵽ͷԩǸˣֻȥˣȴͷһα˺
ܼǵø⣬ڲ˵ҲӮˣֵջصˡ

ЩƵƵʣǰ˼Ư̡֮Ҳмʧ֣һȻ;ձ˲ˣܻڼ飬Ǿͻɵ˰ասٹأ̸Ҳֵܴܣ֧ȥֶ뿪˼ܣȻƽ˾ʣܸ磬òСӣ벻Сˣ飬
һڶŵ˵ȢϱŮӼҪļױ
ʹĵذڰ֣ʾȥĶֵܴԼ̣ǰջôᣬȥ顣

ֹգյ״ܵ磬ҪһλȥɵһλͷĿձ²кй˵ĹԱ
ɱ岻ݴǵΣͬǲȵ㰲ţķҳЩüĿںҵΧƺжƻ
ڼԴֵǵϲѶΪ˻صҪЮһ̳״Ԫƣһͷ⣬ӻ¥Ѽ䷻Ľ⣬ܶһһΪ׼ףƺ¾ն۵ľġ

ȵڣҲֵǵϢĵһ˿ƾľ飬ʧˡʧ֣ض۷ֵֶܡѸٲͨ绰ȴû˽ӡ
Ȼ¥ＱٵĽŲʵҶŵĽɫţźޡ٣ʧˣʧˣмˡǣ
ôˣʣڿӿ֪ʲô£֪վ֪ܻ졣ֵܣһ㡣ǰһƬʡ

ʬѪҲ̶ã类˷úǵסѪܵʬ壬һ߾߰ڵؿܹط㣬ΪӢ걨
Ϣɿʣ㣬ԸδȻһͷڼ顣

˼λһصȥ׵鷿£̸۵Ȼ죬ܵĿȴܹûκε
̧绰ϸΧȻִ鰸һ
ֻ˲䣬ȻӴ¶̨ͶµӰʮϤǽһԸ˵Ҷֽþ
߳ţͼһӰèһĴߣһѾס

㣬ʲôʡ
ʲôʡ
ңȥѰҵ˵Ķ
Ŷ𣿡Ц˵Ҫܣţ˵㡣һǹ߸Сֵá
ɫֽףԼķ䡣
ıӰֽ֮űԸ
ס档
ȴȥڷ䣬һˣǹ
飡һǹ죬¥һƬžѰȥŭĴ󲽹
ˣܴδеίȴȥױ󺰾

棬ձˣΪ˶ʮϧ˰ֵܣ١㻹̻Щֵܵԩ겻Щ׸ĸ˸۾𣬺̿գŭĿŸס
ϴ󳤳ȻһǺݺݵĶϣܵ˼
ܸ磬ܸ硣
ϴ촽ָָڶ£˵ˣҲ磬㲻ܣ㲻ɱܣ
Ǻ飬ͽܲģ
ϴҡͷְ־ӣһӾӣһҲ٣粻ԣҪ¡㲻ɱܡ



133ɢ 
 

˽˸׵Ļҭ˵ɻˣ£ǱǱƵã°ɱңš
ϴ˵һģӿ̳ܶúãţҰԡ
汾йĿɫȻ͵ۿְ֣Ҳŭͷ˫ǹŪֲڵĦգģ۰˵Щ
ϴ£Ŀ̰ѲͷʿĭԳЦЦҡͷÿӼһ鳴ȥ˵ԼڣȥǱߣͳԲķˡ
ֻ̻ŵñܿĿ⣬͵ɨȴ˵ӰӣǷš

ˣҪߣָ㳴СѳﵱԵġ꣬ѵʱﻹѧǸͷϿСӣûǮԼķѳ
ϴ˵¶ЦҡͷЦ˵Щһ³ˣԼˡ
ͷһᣬȻͷᡣ
״ŵ¿󺰣ˣˡ
ˣشȥˣֻҸӺúóԶٷ
Ҫ̳ķһٷŵͨأɫſǻţأҴˣҴˣԺձ˵ǮˣǣҪɱң˵Ҫûѽ
ֻʣ鲻Ŀߣϴߣס˸׵ȣޣأ££Ҳ롭
һ̾Ϣ߮ݼƮڳϢĿС
֪ض㣬֪ġϴָָԱߵĲ輸˶İһţƤֽŷ⡣
ȥԼ򿪿

Ųȥǲ輸ԣĿȴһֱŸ׵ɫǿ־岻
ǳţƤֽŷеĶ˾ƱԪƱ
ǰһƲ³Щʲôſڣϴֹ˵˵ˣְֶ׼ˣģ׼ˣ㵽ǱȥҪ֪ôˣʲôʲôסйˣǵĶӣΪأͲͷ

أأˣҲˣˡʹļ׵Ŀţԭ¡
ϴȦУϵʹĵƻƵĹڻζյǺӳѪĺ˲ңǾź⣬ֻһֻƱԸ£úӣⱭƣٺһΡ
棬СǱƣڲĿ⣬ǾӨ͸͵ߡ

ǰӵĿϲӣҲ䷿УҲ˵սľ˫Ǳƣ͵üͷǱһȻҲٹνʿȣ̽ͷѹı顭
һͷֱӿͷԣִ޾Ŀ⡣鴤˴ǣǴ˱Ļڴ켷ٲ˵ǰĶԶ޷
ӣãûн̺㡣Щܷն
ܷ˾޻ᡣѡµ£ѵĲֹǼţǹšˣ׵ġ̫ˡ
Ŀǿ־壬ǿ־˾ŴŸף뿪ȴδ˵Ѿʧ
㡭ȥǱߣҪѧãҪǵйˣͶ̥ػ㣬ĪҪͶš
ȻסСһʹĿŤŵʣأءС
ж綾㣬ȥɣȥɡ
ءҪҪزҽУأǲһأǽ塣
أأۣۡ뿪ˮĴϺӣʱֱڵذϿĿĵߡ
㣬̣͹ȥˣ͵ˣѾѰġġ
ֱնĿ⣬컨壬о綾
ϴҲͲסеĻںʹģԣĶʹգòȥ˫˫˵ӡ૵񡣵ʮ꣬Ѱˡ

ڹİܽʱɨܣŷְְ־Ȼѿڿһɳţ㶵Ŀش⿴δأɫĴ糡ĴĻʹõɫҹᵴҹɫ۵ף
ܲɼǰϸʱҹҲ䷿ڿǽŹϣҲڴڳѩѣȾƳԼƨɣһҹֻǽҹûгѩѡ
ܾЩǸоĵףȴ޷״
ôʣ˳ȥش
Űɣ˯ˡ૵ĻƺδڣӴжݳ
ȥǽɫ齣˯
СʹоٵαڵŵɫĹʣȵϣûѪɫһµɫüͷʹŤı飬ֻһѩ׵Ķֱ߱ѩ׵㣬һƽξ¹ɼ˵ķһ˿
˯ܻһڣ;üʱϡһĪĺӽŵ׽𣬱ȫһģ̽ȥı£ư͵ĳ֣ſ洽ĨδþѪۡȻͷٿףϴԴδͷֶֻȥԱ߲輸ϵĺƣһڵذϣõɫľ֣֣ɴţͷĿ
⡭ܲŴľȻԭء
磬ʲô棬棬ûأɳƵɲҵĽѵ

ֻ飬ϵľƱǰһԵӣǽ壬׼֡
ʹǰͶѹ鱰ӵо޵ҧгݣΪ˲޹ʮֵܲտܵڻеķߺ뽫ιǣǿͬϦʮصֵܳΪһ߽ʬ˹ֱͦͦǰʱҲģ
ǵʱǱ˰׾ڻǣĺڷѩĿĵ׷ＱٵĽŲܡʱ۴ޣںܶҲҪﱧΪʲô粻ϱܶ

Ӵҹ
㣬£ͷߡһߡּѵĴＷʣһҭ
ܻأûжϵ棬Ƕ˸׵ıӰͷ䶯˴ѵĻһְ֡֡
ڰڣ̾һסעذˣѰ˶Ҳס
ͷ类̣Ŵǰ˻ָָ̯ǺɫѪһ㣬εδָ䡣ϻͷͷĵѪ

ܶӦӦֻʣʡ
ţ
Ϊؼңӣ̣һӣеүү
ΪЦ׷红ִ֣ͯһˣû磬ְҪһţһҪһǺӣܴǹɱСÿͲؼʮһͲСձǿϳȥϳȥ
˵պޣͷ˫ϥУǰʱǿʵģЦݾڴ߰ȻͷǸЦ

չߣϴ§Ӱ㱧סļͷǿϻƽԭɽȴǻ֮ء
ҪҪߣ˵ˡ
ܵͷſţƤֽŷ϶ķŵ˾дԪƱ̵ˮ£ֱʪ˸
Сӣѽ֪ޣϴôݣôһ޼ְҲи̨ٴ㼸¡ɵӡ
һ䡣

֪¼裬ԭɽ 
¥ҹѩ޶ɣɢء
ϳǿ,˥Ȱߡ 
ʦһ,ǧ˭ټ䡣

ʱǸŮ⹫ι׷ߡЦҴ˴ֲʶһʱܰʫʣͼôף˳ڣҲ֪Ǹʲô˼⼸գ֪Ϊͼʫ㿴
ϴָǽڣǾԾвݷɰףʫܶ鲻࣬ʱҲ米ʫʣֻǵЩǰ¹⡱֮࣬ͷһζʫʡĳһȣ૵ˣڶˡ



134֮ 
 

үүһҵĽŲһƬ
ϴһʲô
ײײδеľʧ롣
ү˺ööձܱα£ڿҪöү˵үǳҵҪץߡ
ϴವһѰҪŵܺȵʵ
˵ߣ¥ȥ

¥ºѹѹһƬͷܶѼƹƤƨñӣܱԣλεĴ̵šмһʽɫ̴װϵĺӡ
ϴ¥ָʣĸ·ϵģˮʯ˾֪ǴܵҸ𣿡
Ⱥһ·ֱͨĴţɺɫձ·ϣֻվһˡɫʽñɫķ£ġֻһŸ˴ӡµľвסһ߽ʥּղ󳼣ŷ
ˮʯ˾ױǩľвүҪϸˡóҵܣ˷ǹ֧ҩ񼫡

ϴϰȻЦݽȥǵҲʧ
üͷŶϵľвʶ﷭䵹룬˭
ѩ׵ȥƵժȥϵīϴĿࡣ
϶ô

ȻΪվҵ꣬ꡣҫϵ󣬸̧¥ϵϴĿӣӱʮ겻ҳҫϵĴ룡ͷڹ꣬ǰ˲ǳ𣿡
϶𣿡ϴŵ㵵Ŀ¥µĳҫϡ
ҫϿһؾϹժñǰ˵ˣձ۹ʾפܱرжӴӳҫϣѽѣҫϰڰ֡
˭ңϴһδȴѲȻŭĴղųǰ¥¥ѹѹǹڶ׼¥രҲ̽⵽ǹڡ
οࣿƴأҫ̯̯˵
ҫ㵽ҪʲôЩȥ㡭ϴֻһֲԤУǾײܡۣŭǰܰˣƿǲƤµĳҫϣ˶ʮĶӡĿɳ𣬸ʹĵǣһ࣡ôҫϸձȥµӥȮأ

ҳҫʲôͬձ۹ʾԣҪҳЩԲձ۹Ĺҫᵽձ۹ֿһǰñЦ˵Щ꣬ĳûʲôͶ̥̥ǣΪձ۹ʾЧĳѾ꣬Ҳ̡ձطϷŪҫϾͷĲ˳ĲΪˣ̣Ҵǿʽȥ̡֪СǻûжսʱҪѧװҵؼҶʮĹ

ҫϣϴ󾪵鴤Ŀĵʹ˵϶ǵĶӣͷѣӣôܵôץܵأϴǿһСҴı̡
ǣҽʮĵ㡮ϰ塯ϰ壬ҲĻƣƾˣŪҪүǵˣ棬ﵱѼϷˣҪλүġ
٣ôô˵үϻ˶˼յ޲˳ҫϡ
ҫϹʮò˵˵ľʵգǴңҽԺ￴Цҧ˵ڿ¥Сؤ͹ӶпʵǡҫԳؿЦ߽¥ϵϴɭɭĻǿһȺͯˣŪһȺѼӣĴָָ񣬲Ѽһ㣬һѼ۵صڣѪһءֽкÿļˣҾ￴þǱǴ򡮵ѼӡŪҡҷҪܹĿѼӱֻˣˣǺǣҫͷЦؿž㵲ѵϴ

ҫϣСˣ飡ܳ˳Ҫ¥ϴһס
ȥ
ϴŭ޷ֹܵߣָ˳ҫôû뵽㣬ǶٵرжϣͰաֵܡڰӶԸԼͬ
Ȼһķֱ̽࣬ģϴЩ
ҫϹЦ˵ǸݰҶͬʶһ˵Ĵձ۹𣿡
ҫԱһɫȺĥĥһλڷ»ñˣñú̧ۣܵͣѾ״ѿڶ磿
ȻǴ罯ΣѵҲ˺飿

һǿЦҫĽεļͷ˵鳤Ҫˡȥְ൳ץߣ
ҧ֣¾Ҫ¥ȥ
˭ңϴŤأһĵʯأʱѹѹһƬڻƵĵƹ𶯡عĹѨһİһƬ

ҫϺţžžžžĹƽкãŵ˵ãܺúܺáҳҫҲһֻ֮ǣǸ۵СѾͷѩŮ⹫ҵ⹫ؼءظЩŮ죬δؾ۰Ц䣬·õܵĶ̴ָҫϣСһΪ㵱ֵܣŹѩĺӣҸߣ

ԣϴ󼱵ֹ޷ˡϴ˵ҪץңҪСʧҽȥͬ취¥ʱǴբ򿪣߶ȻۣܵıӰ˵Ѻʧſڡ

үѽ벻Ұģô̾ȥͶձˡöٽŶشѡ
Ҳͨˮʯյĵ绰Ҫͬͨϴ¶ģϧǧҲҪȶӳذֻһѪûܡ


135β 
 
谵ηĴƮɢùζ
ܵ߱ǻԵʮˣǰéݣձӣѪȳѬ¡
໡Ĳҽڶ˷
ĺߺ͵Ŀη䣬ëȻ
ǸѧݵĿͣˣˣһ

ſңſҡ˺ѷεĿޣޣ˲
ʱһӽһѪģˣ沿ģáڽɱɱʲôҾֻǰľ
СľСľѣ㻹𣿡صĿѧȥʡ
ЩϺǽ̾˵˵ǸǮ˼ҵүȥμӳӣץҹˡӣǻҲǷһߡ
һɳƵڿݲݶѶﴫܻųȥңλӳºǡ˼ħĥ˱ƹֶζȻšǰġС۶Ǳ̣ġ
֪˭һ䣺ֵܣ˵ǵλӳ𣿡
ܻδӾлйη˺ţܡ

ܹãǼ䲻Ѷң廨ŵ̾ߡ
һ̿裬һ̫ʦΣøȶųҫϡ
¹סԼǩָ˵źضүϼܣŵ⡮ѼӡнġС̽Сһ졯СɺᡯСϲȵ÷źǼضүȥȸҿʵġǼضүƤҪСˡҫϲĿ̱ƿڴζ뵽ҫϻ飬ҫϴԸȴҲڼͶձˣѵǱۡ
Цŭܱȥϣڶּȥ伫Ķ񶾷ĥֻͬıߵ
ҫϵƤϷŪļ˵˲񣬷ⱨӦǣ㣬ңҵĳ˲ˣнյĵλԼҲҪζһ첻ͣԼ⡮Ѽӡζ
תһֵǣ
ͬ𣺡ã
ܾ;˼ζãܡÿڸֱֻʣĿųҫϣ
ҫһñͼ˵һӣҪҽΣաҪ޹˺ĵĹǻȥ
ҫϣҫȴЦЦÿɰͷڻش˵ôᱻүӼظȥôᱻү̤Ҷʮϣһ÷顣˵βأЦһ˵ҳҫϲرˣйͬӦΪҴձʾЧҼ̡
ЦţȻЦŤʹϣ˵ãҴӦҴӦ㣬㣬
ҫ䲻ſҧϳҫϵĶ䣬ɿڡ
໣໰ҫϲҽе
һȺ˷ӵ磬ǹʵǹҪҫ˻ߺڣܣҪڳ

ڰ֪˶á
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