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ԽĴ˵粨׳ʫƪѡ飬һΪ磬;ϣǰ·һ·ѪӺ֮ǣдһ桭
ŵıɼ㴫ŵıǻѪܶͣ




ɳ һ 

ֵϰϰլԺһ㱡һƽڸסɴ

ѵƵʱ֣լԺԵʮְˮеԺȮҲֵ

ֻɴڸµլԺͷһխСĴ͸΢Ƶĵƹ⣬Ů

СӶءﲻǧίСӶһжĴҵСӶѡ

һ䲼üªķ䣬һһʣӲľ崲ǰһյ͵ƣ΢Ļ⣬ǿ߷ΧԵȻ谵

еһϸһŻڵɫ룬ʢźںҩԱߵʯϣմѪĵ޲һλɫͷԵЩҿݵŮһܴߣֻݵֽűſڴϣϰֲһλıСڰ˿

ʵϵλ˵ѾֻԸ޷󵽵ǳΣʵ

Ůǳ˱ʹĿб类հʹӷֲεׯܵã֮˹

ܵҪ˹Щʹڿյһ˿ȫޣʹʹ񾭣һ糱ˮ߰ͷԺ֮зǴƹݳǣͿҵͿӡ

ƹһɹͷӿԺ֮УڱĿ֮͵۾̧ϿһִԲľķһϸ߹ǵľûгǽϵǵ񻨵ľ渲һ㱡ֽͱһǾͱ

ʽĽֻйŴУ

ľֲͷͿһλںͷɢЩŮڳҭ޵ѾЩƣˣ꿴ǲ԰㲵ɢͷסǰӷףԴʺɱָӡĲ

ǻûе꿴λŮӵݣʱӵűص߿ˣ۾΢գԼһλͽ̬ӷףϸۣһָ첲ȵ͸ɷش˽

Ѿˣɣ˵ɤͺӲݣ̲סҪȼ²ˬ죬ϵĿ⣬ȴĳζЩѰζ

ҪӶᱻģүҪأΪʲôôģҪźӶ˽ŮӾִУڵŶӵ֣ͣڲ

ţɫСӴµĻ綼ôˣҪǿøķϴΪ飬ҵֻһٹص𣬻ΪҩˣҪʶ̧٣˵ţ˶͸ӺȵŸʲôߣ

ˣ͸ӿ֮󣬾˹ǿнֻץסӵȴϷţʧʹ޷УҲûкӶ

һ֮£ձһǿֺ󣬾ͼܳ⣬ֻһ󱯺£ҲûϢ

˶վڷУС۾ɨſڴϵ꣬һ֮ת뿪˷š

һ죬ҲûϢ֮۾ֻ촽һֱڲϵʹԺ֮ٴһЩҵͷӿʱֵĻңЩʹιȥ

ǰһλ־ᶨˣҧʹݵЩͷԺ֮УղŶݵһĻе֪Խ粢Ѷ֮ǰ׶ʲô

Ȼ

ЩͷǺһԺӿ·ʱȥ䣬ֻҪЩͷ̵ʹͻһϮÿһ񾭣˼ֻʱͣǰ





һϵѧңǵʱ򣬰Ϊԭ򣬾ͽ͵үүүү̴Ϊտͯ궼¶ɹġ

үүһλѧʦС͸үү䣬ֻʱ̰棬úѧ䣬үүܰƨɣСӡС쵰ٲǡСܻ֮࣬Ǹĺӡ

үүͺݺݵѧϰĥ

үүȭãүүСӣôȭİҿƸڿ㶼ѣԺȥ椿ɱ˵үү

С쵰ôģ˵ʲôʽҿ̵ĵɱʽ簡

СôʱҪһ콣ᣬǸ裬ˡ

ֻǣүүһֱûз̾ԱЦЦүүүүŵһˣ׷ܡ

Сʱүүֽʽ½󣬺ĸ׹ȶȥ˳ѧүүһʱ⣬һֱûֹͣ䣬ֱϾУһβжȥֱ

ֱʱȻûֹͣϰںҵֻǳЩĽ̹ܸս˵ǣǳƽѧҪѧδԡ͵ԡװĻ͵Ůϴ߾ȵȣǶۺһҪ

ֱ֮УҲѧаĶ

ֱ۵ʱһ켸ӢսһȥְҵعȻûֹͣ䡣

ִʱҲܽӴֵˡ

Щٱҵģǲϲֽȥƨɣÿǳϴ֣벻ͨЩһﵽʲôƨɣΪʲôֽѵ

ʱȥҪﵱڣͬ˵ǹ󸾣ҲԵϱ֤֡©˵ºϼӳλ

ǴУ벻ͨǹ󸾹ͬ־ǣͬ־ֻԼЩᷴͬ־Ҫ˧ɹӦøոյأڱһλǧʱüȥҲ˳λǧĴ

ڶſʹǵƤϷʻЦǧһ죬벻ͨˮƽôߣΪʲôλǧŻߵô׼ôݣȻû˹ȥ

ºͬ־Цֻ̫ۣ˴Ż죬Ż˽Ůˡ

ʵ˽ŮˣһҪһ˴֮

һڽӵһһλ󸾵ŮŮĳλϴү鸾ֱƯܹ˵Ļ꣬һλ󸾽ɧ

ǣѹ·˴ҪһʱȴС͵˺£ŭ֮£ǹͽǸС͵һǹȴʼûн޹󸾣ƴʧܡ

˺ҲǴʧܵƴһŭɱͽܵ˴ְֹҵعģС͵Ǹɱġ

صȥүүүүˣʵѾ첻ˣһֱŵֻȥүүĵһ仰ǣСӣǲǴУ

үүǰ˵ѻͷ˵ǣ

үүûȴЦˣЦúܿģڻعⷴǰүүڵȡһܹϵ̴ľӣǺװһֽʷƣѾʮ־ԶĹŻᣬһǿͼ徭ѨͼС׭д֣ΪǾ

үүǾݷ˳ͼһǿģ󱣳ִ֮СѨϺ;ͿȢӣһλüͷҪٵ

֮үүοЦȥˣ̳үүǴ޷źʼǻϵġǾ

ڵڶʱһηǳѪʽӢ۾ȻһλɰŮӣдߣλŮദ£Ͷ˰ӣ޷԰ΣűŮƭǻүүλüͷǰû뵽ǾȻү

вǰüͷ˺ڿüͷŻʱҲЦˣתλŮһְۣC4ըİڰüͷŮʱǻǼٵģҲըˣ

ͷ״סˣҲŮƿըüͷһɣһɲǣŮǵζµᣡ





ǰ˼һֱжϺڴϵڷصڵ״̬Ѿʡ

һͷʹ֮ǹڴƹɢͷҲȫǰĻһ

ɳ ڶ Ϳ

ԭ˴ƹʵƣͿǰеǸƴʵۣȴգֻһͬʱյɺϰˡ

°꣬ߵشﲩ˿ǧǧ򣬾ͼ־ӭ绨Ĵʢ

ͿϣйϹŴ˵еͿɽϡûһ뽭ϡ壬ڴƹһȽġϡ塣

ڴƹ䣬ͿμͿԪޣƹΪʦ֮һͿԪǴƹ򱱴Ԫ˧رԺգͿԪѩ뱱֮һݶһƷˡ

Ҫ˵Ϳӳһͨ˵˵ģȴʮֲҵģԭĸ׵ԭֻǴԪ˧ϷߵһѾߣͿԪĳͿһƺǿռͿӡ

ʱŮʱͿӵĸΪѾͿ֮󣬾˵Ϳµңڳ΢Ԫ˧ûеλͿʱͬĸϱͿµԪٸϵݡ

ͿԪŮͿѾ˸ףƹͿãҲŮͿ൱Ϳѧ䣬Ϳ֣ͿӳǸӣռоӪҵһһ檣ֻһһӣͿԪŮҲ޵Ǳһݵλļ塣

ֻǼˣҲᷢϵĲ顣

Ϳʮ꣬ʵ絽ѧͣ˵ĿԤ֮£ͿȴʼûбŽͿãĸȴڼһЩӶ顣



е͵ѾϨ𣬶ʱһƬڡ

˼ʱ͵ؾѹоͷֿʼʹʮǰļ䣬ǰļ俪ʼӿֳֻʣһЩҵͷǻͷʹѣֻҧʹ

ʹʣµɢͷҲĻһɼ㲻̣ǰԹߵһЩ·Ҫͷ

ˣʱڣͿҪһμ䣬ԼܼҰȥЩүСǶ˲赹ˮ

죬ĸڸڲպˮţȥǰԺ䳡ڹۿүˣүСǵ˲ˮ

ԴͿӶʮѧȻûлѧϰÿ͵ѧһһû˵ĵط̿ϰڳΪСʿʱͿͿλһʵٮٮߵд裬ȻԼֻǸ˲赹ˮġˡ

Ϳүд۰ͿֱײʱСʹеˮ򷭣ͿﱻˣŭͿүӣʮӡ

ֻ˶û뵽λԩ豻ݺ꣬ڱֽŴߵʱ򣬾Ͷȴһ괩Խˡ



Ļ䵽жϣȻЩ޷ţʱ紵йɺ֣˸£ʹ뺮Ĵ̼˼׵

ʵҲλԩҪһֲԽλ꣬ʹʵȻ찲ŵģѾ˴ػһˣܳƨʲô

λͿӵĸƣҲƣͿֱƺһڤڤеİš

˵ĻôҾΪľһɣӽ쿪ʼھͼһ֣ͽСӣ

˶ų󣬿ʼ

Եʣ弡⻹ʵоڴľѨϱʮǿлԣǿȼߣԼǿȷзչǰ;

Ҳ˵ӣԡǾʣүүĻ˵ӵеĻʮģһǰü϶ӽŵ³

Ȼ磬ܵʵǡ

ſӲ崲ϣǵıӸϣ˽Ǹое⣬ǳʱڣ϶¾λԽʿҲֻܸɵۣԼɱٴһغ

һİ磬ǲǰĵ֪ͿӵļʶҲڴƹһ

ΪǴƹ缫ΪʢͿһΪеҪһ֧ԹĶظѧͿ侭Ϊر

ǰѧż̵ʶѧ˽⣬ֻ͵ѧһЩ似е;˵ռһЩϣһͳʶ

߸磬׶εǡ⡯˵һٶ鼡ͨһؼϣʹÿһ鼡ⶼӲԣݡǿ׶ξͱ֮Ϊʿżǵʵܴﵽʯֽ֡ǿ֮󣬾ͿԽһ׶εǾǡǡ

ǡҲҪӦؼϣһڣЧȴڶķʽÿһͷﵽһǿʱͻƤǼγһֿȴܸоġʽʱֱĿ꣬ͨγɵ֡Ҳɼӽй׶α֮Ϊʦ־ż

ﵽǿȽ׶εǾǡ࡯һЩӦؼϣųʣʹ˵ܸǿЧԴԴϵľѪ֮뵽֮УһͿɺ쾳һ쾳磬׶һΪҪĹɽ׶Σ׶εߣΪʦ

ʦҪĹɽ׶ΣûоĲλ֣ߵġ֮иԣͨ࡯ΪĳǿԶ֮󣬾ͿԽĽ׶ΡѪ衯

Ѫ衯һɾѾﵽ˴ʦľ磬Ϳӵ֪֮УͿϼͿԪĿǰʹﵽִʦľ硣

־ôͲһܽӴˣͨһЩֱд裬б˽ֻ֪־ĴʦڶԵʱͨǿޱȵѪǣһԵǿ󡮾֡ȻȻ֮ڵĻԣֱΪȡء顣

һ;ˮۣڴʦӴȻİȻӽ裬ҿǲصɴһľ磬ǱǴ˵еġʥ

ڡʥ֮ϻʲôû֪ˣϾ确ʦĸֱͲ࣬ڡʦѽҲһµġʦ롮ʿĽײ㣬ײ㡣

콫ǰ໥˶Ա֮ѧߡ֮һ;עУǰѧߵǡ֮һ;ЩǶעӦüɺʵսһЩ߽ϣˡ

ɳ  Ǿ

磬µˮѾɱм̫ʱ򣬻ˮ

Уû¯һСڴϣıӽţһ˿ֿǺϮ

Ǳѵģʵһû˯ܺãֵҲûиожôĺ䡣



ʱϵű򿪺һλԼѮ뷢԰ףŸʳ˽

۾λˣԺ֮һЩƬϣλ˽а̷ͿͿкܼأѸߣͰڸϡ

ĵһӡ󣬾Ǽ֮бĥµûκǵĶʯһʯһͨʯӣʲôһ׽͸ζ

ƽʱλĸϱȽչˣʱǰ̽ҲܼӰ죬Ӻ𾴵ؽ

ôصˣȻܴѲںҹг˹ɫҲοͷߵߣʳķ˳ŵϣ˵ĺӣ˰ɣ԰ɣ

ϵķһ嵭Сˣһˣһ࣬ͷ֪ͿǾԵĶȷʵЩˣͷС˾ͳ

ܰһֱӽϵķȫ꣬ȻΪʲôҪһͷԣҲûԵɣʰŽʳߵʱڴóһĴָߣ«Сƿӽ˵ӣҩСıܺãʹã

Ӹм˵ͷοһЦ󣬾ͳţ

Ҫؽһʱ䣬ǰϣҲǳеģҲܹܣǸͿ֣ܾ˲ǸöݺĸӣǺԭļвûκ

̫Ȼе㺮䡣

ԹָЩҲ䣬Ѱҩƿ˳ƿţĳɷݣЩϡвҩɷݣܲȷʵƴ˵ĺö

Сĵذѿ˵ʹƨɺͺϵĴֲҿЩճѪĲһʹһƤѪ˳

˴ҿʱСؽǴƿҩ۾ȵ˿ϣҩ۽ӴѪ˿󣬾һȵĸоܾЧ

е˴ҩۺò˿ڰȻٽӸϣغҩƿоЩ⣬˯˹ȥ



ٴʱ򣬻Ǳ濪ŵѵģϱӵСְҵعз紵ݶᾯⶼѾˣϰҲ硣

Ѿǰɫſ˻ǰȻŸʳͷ

Щ仯⣬Ǿʰãһ·ϣ˵ίаĸģӲûоܾ

ߺѾˣҲûȥ͵ƣڰڵſҪϣʼ䡶Ǿеݡ

Ǿǰϰһʱ䣬ⲿ伮ǴӺζһ֪ݸĪ⣬ǳͨγɵһɡͨǳ̲֮ɾɾǿľѨϿٳصѭ·ϰͳѧڼҹȫͬ

үү˵һţӵʿʦʦʦδŵĽǳϰڼүүܽһţ浽˼ĹԵبδС

ⲿڵһ׶εҪҪסڵġ̥ԪδйҲ˵ѣУʶ಻㣩ǵһʶΪͺ׻ԭʼġ̥ԪйӶʹۿۣŬǧҲֲ

ڵ壬ЩͷѾ֤ʵľ̥Ԫڣԭʶû⡣

ڳҪǾǣⲿտʼʱֻǵҹʱҪֱӽӴ⻹ڰ̫֮ᱬ

ǰԹֹĲѾϤˣڻع˽ɵݹ󣬾Ȳȴؿʼ

Լȫȫĸȫ֮еѪѭĹɣһһ䣬ԼС£γһСС

ȻָоЩ֣ѾӦڲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬͸ܵСеġȵĸоӵĹ£ͽγһСȫ˿δйǹ̥Ԫġ

˿̣Բ˿⣬Сûȹ̣Ȼڼš

ʱúܿ졭

оǹСȹ֮ȫΧһѪҲʼӿ۶ֱӸейζĵĸоʱû˿ĳɣֹͣ˹룬۾

벻Ȼ˵˳Щţǰһʱ򣬿˶ʮʱųɹģֻǹ˲˸СʱȻͳɹˡ

Ȼܹȷţ˿δй̥ԪĹͣҪ֪ǰǴУû⡶Ǿ֮ǰôΣй˴̥ԪŻû١

ɴˣУѾ˵һȻֻǺСһ

ûüңͻȻһǿҵļУһθкоϮҺȼ֮ڳԷʱ˸ͷǿҵļӿʱӱóǸͷʹڴڵؿǶ˺öļ

һͷȻʱǿҵļУ˿ɫ԰ףƤֱܣʵܲסϮͷͳ˯ȥ



ٴʱ򣬺ˡ

̧ͷϷķˣȻѾˣԴڼе˵ɾ˼ζһ̻֮ʳͱһգӶøɸɾЩδ

ǲһͷڱûгԵ

˶оһЩֽǸҩƿ˳⿪˴ʣµҩ۾ͿãٻЩڵϣûùһЩĲ°˿ڡ

ҩЧֻһһҹʱ䣬˿ڴѾˣӽҩĨ˿Ϻ󣬼ʹ΢ʹҲ࣬عܼ´ˡ

ҩ۵ãٴ˯ȥֱͷŽѳ

յӾ֮гš

ɳ  Ѩ

ȥůʱڣȻ²֪תѾ˰꣬١

ҹʱ֣̿ϴǹ財

ǼСݣûκεı仯ΨǴϵֽѾȫ˺ȥʹҹǹܹС

ǹ£ϥ۹۱ǣǹģĬšǾᵽһЩҪ㣬ЩҪƽľž޲ǿ֮һơһ˿˿ȴܸܵǳ֮Լ֮С

ǡǾеĹǳ

ǳǰҪγɴתġѪ֮ʱḁ́ԪΪСγɵСΪȫѪ֮Ĺ񣬲תΪġѪ

ͨµĻۺͲ䣬Ȼ˴ġѪ֮󣬲ʼǳǳ֮ͨɽԼľȻСġµ֮Уɵǳ֮뵤еѪ໥ں֮γһԭʼġ

ǳͨǳ֮ڵġ֮ȫʼʱתһ־Ѫ֮ѣΡ롢Ȳ󣬾һʱÿֻһٷԡ

ֻڵ洢˴ġͺñһСһˮʧɺԣҪʹСлԣͱӵжһֱͣʲϢϵѭĹнСɴ󺣡

ԵΪҪĲ裬Щܹһ·ͨ·һ·նҲǲϴͨѨϣʹеķֲ涼ܹһѭ·ߣԴġһǳ

ҪľѨ·ߣҪõǰүүСıŻᣬǻϱעϸ徭ѨͼһλͼѾ̵ؼԺǳߵ·Ǹ֮ϵλͼע·ͼ

һ˿һǳ֮ϵشӺڰ֮ӿ󣬲ϵڵµӿȥ̲ɴľ֮ʹǸС׳˼֡

ڵ֮еǹɾֻҪ΢󣬾ܹȫܵǾͺɵһˮ飬ʹ¸ﴦйˬĸо

ڸǹľ֮ʱͬʱԺֳ֮һ徭ѨͼһӦλ·ͼͨǸλͼȻʹɵλ·ͼʼλÿʼһؾľѨƽ

ھһ̶·ʱһɹɷ·Ҫ˺ѰʹͺһԢԣϱû·ߵĶˣͳ·

Ĺ̶ǳ˼ʹģ·Ҳ⣬ÿþһСΣͻܵҪǲͱֿ֣֮ʱʹǾͺñȾһֻص̡

ʹڼֵһּµʱ򣬾ľʹ£˵ʶģֻͣм֡

Լʱ֮󡭡

пسһڿ΢΢ֻмףȴǸ˼ļʹſسġ

ʹǰʱѾˣӸоھߵ·ϣ谭ǾһǽʵڡǾϵעᵽһҪȥ忪ѨϣλͼϵעѨڵλãҲֻǡһ򡯵෱һҪġǡ

ҪšǡͱҪһĴĻۣӦȫܹѨϣԥŵȫľʼٵ·˲ǴѨϳ

䡭

ڵһγʱйѣθУžǴѨϵĳΧѪʼϷͬʱһʹƽڲϵģȻǴѨϾͺһ̵ıݣֻһǡ

һγʹһ־˵ٶţӲʧܣʹĻۻһգʱ˫ͨ죬ҧأһз¹Ǻ󣬷еľǲܲ˵ٴγǴݡ

½ˡ֪ľУͻȻһĵùţǳ֮ľΪƺҲʼԾ嵱ӿǹɿҪɺԵԭĴɣǰ֧ԮǵĴһŰǴȱǵıݺȥ

䡭

һ£ʹӵһǼԮ֮ǿ֮£Ǽ̵ıݴڱƿʣµľƳǺʿһǴѨ֮ȥӿܿؾռʵѨϣ˳ص·ϵĵһšǡͨٴĵľһ·֮£񣬽ӵڶѨϣ

ҪǰУȥһѨϵʮšǡϧʣµľѾ޷֧ŵʮѨϵĳֻƵȥ̺ͨɵﵽھſšǡ֮·ߡ

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ڲպϣȻѧֻ̫ҪڷܣлģԴӽ쿪ʼôĿʼϰ

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ʱͿ§ڻоЩȴȻͿͿ֣쵰Ϳҵһλѧɳ˰꣬Һ˵ꡭûڰҲҵʧ𰡡

ʱվڲԳſڵЩŮλ꣬Ŵлع󣬼ͿȻʧ̬رһǴδڷ룬ʱȴһĿɿڴ

˵̥ȻһʮҵĹҲаԾǰģЩǸϹ֮ģپʮҵľѾʮֳˣ벻Խһ£ʮĹ

أȻ뵽ǾеġǳʱһеľŸѨϾλͼľſšǡԼܹӵôľ¸ǡǾż

֮ͨеѨϣ׽λͼϵķȫһʲô⾰

Ӳȥˡ

ͿʶԼʧ̬ڻعſӣȴɫصض۾ʣӣʵңǰͿϾȭ

ǰڸ￴үĸѧһ㣡ӱȽϺػش𣬷ǰ͵ѧ˾֪ɾڡ

Ϳ˿ȻЩ̫ţʣһӵ˴ľߣҹ۲״̬ȻһʱȭؼϵͳܴﵽЧ

ұؽյʱ϶ѵҾֻܿϵЩѧģٴһԼϹȭȡůְ꣬ȻҲЧұȻҪ

ЩͿһ϶Ắʱڣһλıɪ龰оЩΣǰҪͶС

һλͿҲʧѧţ˰⾰ͿойŭȼգڶͿǺ֮ǣԼ׵ܵܣƽеԹ

漴뵽ǰĸӶ˳ôĿ࣬ǽͿԹ޵ĻͿҵʧν֮أɫӵӶǰ£ǲһЩĸӳôĿ࣬ҴͿĸӵǸϣ㲻Ҫϣǻᾡĸӵģ

˵ţͿɫϿң𾪵Ŀ£Ͷһ

̹ȻͿĵǸ

ȻлЩ̫˵ֱʵԸǺ͵ģ֪ͿֺŮ˶֪飬Ҳ½⡣

ԭͿѾˣӴԽ޷ǾǶԱؽյǰеԹˣͿҲ˵ޣϾҲͿҵѪʵ

ӺͿ˵䣬Ҳع

ڲϹſĵЦ˹ӵļ򣺡СӣǾ̿¾ľˣǳһò˵һѵţ

˵£ͿʱҲοЦݣ˵ӣͿϵĳɼ˱׼ܹһʮǿľܹﵽʿľˣֻǡͿϾȭеľȭʮʽ㻹бҪģԶսɱлǺаģֻжศ֮£ֳʿļֵ

⻰а룬ԭҵǰǿ͵ѧʹﵽʿĲΣԼԽԭޣȻôһԾΪʿȻŰ

(ҲҪ½٣֪ÿжˣղذɣϰ벻ֵܽǵĶƼ֧֣һ̰ɡ)

ɳ ھ д裡

һ磬ӵеУΪһߣȻҪߺܼѵһ·ͿһЩȴʿεĶһµʶ

ֻͿϾȭеġȭʮʽʽȴе㲻Ը⻨̫ľ棬ᡮȭӽȭȭ־ɲ̫뽣ȵЩһóҪǻͿϾȭеЩ򵥼·Ҫǿһ䣬αҪ᱾ûֻе⹦

˻ֵݣǶ确ʦϵĸ߼ЩڴΪƤ⣬Щ·ִе·Ҳܰȥټһϵе׶ҲȫܴﵽƵЧ˵ϣЧҪ

Ψǡʦ֮ϵġǡ࡯͡Ѫ衯ĹʮֵڴΪȫǰδ

ͿͺڲһĿ佱Ǹţ֮Ļڳȴĸо

λͿ׼˳ɼ꣬Բһλⷢʱ˳常˭ѽȻ˵ţôдһ£

ŶӣǴԪ˧үүңͿ򵥸˽ӣ漴ӷֱ˵⼸λĴ

꣬һŮֱͿгɣʿͿ弶ʿͿ弶ʿͿ꣬弶ʿ

λ꣬һλʦһλܣʦһλͿǿʦ

߸ˣֱĶͿ汲ֵܵճһϵģֱƽ汲ֵһϵģܺλ꣬Ϳ׹ϵѧϰģͬǽչϿġ

ղŲҪӱд꣬ʮ꣬ͿгɣǸʿͿڽʱӾע⵽ˡ

СŽ߼ʿģƽʵϿģ⣬һһ˵ҪţţȻвЩʣϾڲͿǴٿ佱˵ġ

ͿԥҪҪӱдһ£ڲʱͿĶС˵˼仰֮ͿŹֵؿһ˵ӣгɣǾͱһȭŹдһ°ɣע㵽ֹˣ

ãͿгɵǺˬӦһСܼߵ˳УȻӹ˹ָͷƵɣõܣСһģ

ӾúЦСһǷӣ;ߵ˳վ˵ֻǵͿгɵɣ

ʲôͿгһ°͵ϣһûаУӣȻҪţһŤȭͷһͳ

ע۲ͿгɵĲֲûʲôɣңһȭʱ©ٳٶҲ졭֮أΨôһ͵ľġ㴿

ֻ΢΢һ˰벽ͿгɵһȭͿгȭ֮һǺɨ

ûоʵսĲʿ΢΢ͷһɨգͿгɵ似ˮƽֻݣá

εҡҡͷӶͿгɵΪһµʶȥѾﵽһִĳ̶ȣһȭʯʽı仯ʹãȥսõ˻У߶Ծóǰһʽʽܹս

ͿгȭҰȭкɨȻвֻÿжûлĿ꣬ɶ˹ȥȻԷһֱûг֣ȴֻ

俴ǵӣͿгʽþûлʼеĻǷƽʱ۸ʱһС

ӼͿгһʽ·ˣ࣬һ˫ȭжǰһе㿴ͷĶ֮ҲȥһʱѸֳȭΪƣͿгɵһƻȭƣƽ⣬ֱ̧ţ׼ƨɾǲһţͿгһ󣬾ˤڵأƨʹ죬ٿӵĿ⣬˾η

ս

ֻһдԣӾͶʿεˮƽȻ

Щ˵УɾȫͬˣӿЩ˵УҲʲô

ڶҲֻ𾪵

ʵҲȷʵԩͿгɣΪˡǾ֮󣬶ԼϷֱ仯ûйȥ飬Ӿ񾭣̶ȣ񾭵ȵЩǿȷ˵ڱ˿һֻɵĺܿ죬У͸оɵú

Ҳ˵Ϳгɺ⹦о൱ڹϣ֮ˣͿгĽо©ٳڱУֻʽַһŴͿгɵƨϣսĽˣǱսһٸͿгҲˡ

ЧƵʽͿЩӵʹõǸ򵥵ĻȭΪƵ书ʽ벻ͨԼģиָ

ղһǿ˵ģҪǻҲչֳֻǺͼ٣жԾĿƣȴرˣѧţͬһġʿУûܹЩʽʤ

ͿгܣſǰһҪдͿ㬵˻ȥǿ߼ʿͿгɶƨɣϻǸҲǱŰķݣ

ӳãҲ̫ҡֻ¶âͿҶӣĸӹҲʹﲻ۸

ͨμ򵥱ԣԼʿĶԱȷȱ㣬ҲڻĶϣǰͨ㣬вͬ

ǰǲԲүүĽ̻壬ЩЩһǿ󣬸ʵ֮·

(֮Ҫ񣬸λֵܽãһսɣϣܲеƱľ֮;ǰһ󲽡)

ɳ ʮ ͷͻ

ӾãڴУҪǿʳ淨վ˵ģЩʵΪǿĴڡ

ˣҲһʲô滷֮£ûȨûǮԲûпԱȻ󱣻Ҫ֮˵ǿʵ

գ˶̰֮һ˿ˬʡ

ͿõУȴȻ˶յʴڻӺϰš

ӳಲʵоϰʱÿһȭϵĺ䣬ȻÿһȭĿƶࡣ

Ͽȴͷ϶һľգƽ⣬ÿһȭʹľյ䣬СŲֻܿյͣһʹȫⶼ

ȭʮֵĻ׾ȴǡͿϾȭ֮ӾΪʵõĲ֣ҲͿϾȭеľһʽͷ졭ɽںӡÿһʽжʮֱ仯Ӷ䣬ɵֿҲʽһʽһѶġ

ʹ˶УȫĴ󲿷ֵĽƤȭһÿһʽȫγȭһΣͻһ˺Ѱʹ

ֻǵʹȥ֮󣬷࣬Ȼżһʽѭ

꣡꣡꣡

ʱӽһʽľȭ֮ɫе԰ףо֮ʱͻȻ˫ȭһգһȫĽ·һͬʱһɹ

ǣ

һͷϵľ˦ȭһӣļĵһ㣬Ȼϵ䵽ϣڵҳӡĽӡ



ȭӴһӷʱмһɢӸоͻȻһƮƮҪĴȫļʱҲﵽ˸߳

һֱԱĬĬ۲Ϳչ󣬱˹һ룬ʢһɵɫҺ塣

ͿĶطСѩҺ֮ͿĨϣܿٻָ壬ľҩ챣ֻ˹ƣͿĨ

Ϳ˵ӿҩһۣҲûʲôһȭͷ΢գ˹ơ

Ϳ̽УȻ𡮾һ漴ѸٵشӵϾͿĨ˾ա

ҩϿʼƤ͸ڣһˬĸоھ֮ϣʧĴѸٵؿʼָ

ȻǶҩҩͿĨֻǲһĹֱټÿӶҪһᡶǾڵĲӵľ£ÿľҲǼΪ档

ͿΪĨҩ󣬴ȡһʯ˵һʽѶȼߣͬʱ˺٣ַʽĺôʮԣԾ

ӴͿʯƽź֮嶶ȻĹʹ˲ȭ֮һһȭʯ֮ϣʯʱöѳΪء

н

Ϳ˿ʮοܴﵽΣ˵ӵĽѾһ⼴ҩ֮ЧҲӿ֮̿˫£ÿ춼н

ֻΨͿоƲǣͿϾȭеġʮʽɱеʽӴôֵ֪ҪͿϾȭҪĶǾʮʽ֮书ʽô



Ϳѧ֮󣬷úãöͿϼӵܣҪͿ侭ãݻ򱱷һЩӵܣǵͿѧֻѧͿϾȭ֮ĻԹѧĺӣÿ껹Ҫһʸ߰ѧѡ

ӵ֮⣬һӵͿôﵽʦľͿԽҵӲξμӿƾٿԣеҵкܶࡣ

ƹӴܺãٴԶĹҪ࣬λҲҪ߲֮٣˴ƹĹҲѧ䣬һٴڴƹ³ڣӿִ˫ȫĹԱֱʵۼλʵۼǿĹٵȨ͵λҲߣʹķҲʼʢ°Ϊ˷ݵ쳯ϰ

ȻˣƹȻʢ˥۸ؼʽѧʽԺȻǴ

ͿñǱʽѧҪϵġͿ侭еֻӲʸѡѧϰͿ侭иһεĹ־֮Ϳõĵһ㶼ܿ̿࣬Ϳӵܣȫôˡ



˽춨Ƶƻ󣬾ͳͿŵ

ߵſڣʷԴº͵ЦݸкţͷӦͳá

Ҫ˵񱻻ָүݣǰϰ˹¶ҲûиӣҲûСź

Ҳͦãһ˵Ҳ徻

ͿõͿжξ룬м仹һȽϷĽУһ㶼ǲдﾭϲ֣ϲ۲̬ӽɫȺɫɫ˵ĲͬȵЩһ˽⣬硣

ҹ

ʱһ󼱴ٵȳӽеһǴŪý϶ʱɹ˷׷ױˣһЩ书ʿҲܵһߡ

еϤתͷȥмƥٳͿʻϵͷñУ绪꣬滹һλףȹŮҲͬ޳еĸ࣬ŹһǲԻ

ֻ⼸һ·нУֱײڣЩ·˲Щײȴŭԣ׷Ψֱ֮

⼸е죬˼һᣬܿϳ˵еһͿĴͿ䣬λŮҲͿҵͿԱλ꣬ûκεӡˡ

˴תҲվڽϵӣЩ죬漴Ϳ죬뵽˱֮£ԵЩ죬ͿȴһЦ˶һۺٶӿ죬ɿؾ˵ߡ

С֣

Ϳ俴վڽϷ㶵ӣΪɵˣЦţڿӹ֮ʱеޣͺݺݵس¡

(ˣǵһγ񣬾ͿλֵܽǵˣƼղص֧֣һ̰ɡ)

ɳ ʮһ 

Ʊղأ



ӱͿ伫Ϊ񣬼ȻҵףĿһܹĳƣһץסı˳һһţ漴ɳһţصһ֮ϣ

¡

ƥĳƱ죬ȱһ֮͵һģһԶ֮󣬾ͺȻأüͷ

ϵͿ䱻ĳһټһ޵ͳ˿зˣصˤϣײ·ߵһС̯ŪʱһײһϣҶɢһأͿҲײøͷѪ

ֻһգۼĹ˶ûлع·ߵҲûп׷ʲô£λϵ˸ͷ

ͬʱͿĿҲͬ嵽˸ǰͿ䷢⣬ûס˾֮£һƨɾͽͿҲ̳Ϸ

ǸǺλ꣬ڷʱʱסһˤȥͿһȻһͿﾪһͱ˻һѱ˻

ϣʱ˻ԵЩҿ

ûΧЩ˵ľĿ⣬鵭Įɨһ۵ڵʹͿ䣬ͷ·¸޹أֻһԹһתͿȥ

Сӣվסߣ

һޱȵĺС

ûᣬʲôûһǰС

ڴʱһɺХľǹɾ֮ʣơ粽΢࣬˳תʹͿһȭ˿գһͿСͿŻ

Ϳ䱾߳ŭԭڸֻǸˣδ۸СȻҹȻԼһȭҲ˹ȥɫ仯ޱŤͷƤѪͷ·ԵһֻħԵޱ



ŭ֮µͿҪڴȭ׼ٺúýѵǰСӣǰ̤һӭǱ絶һɭĿ⣬ɱ֮ǴһѴ̵ʱȫһɺӿĽŲһ̲ͣסŵšֺ˼

ɱ⣡

⣬һʲôʲôƣСΪʲôƣ

Ϳ䱻ŵˣǷ·Լڱ̹ǵĵɽӰ֮һָ̱оͷ·ڿģֻһ߱ʬ塣

ǰ벻ٿֲӴ򽻵ɱˡǾ֮й̹ıټͶͿһֱܵʱ򣬷ųɱ뺮âͿסˡ

ͿӵˮƽҪ֣һɱ

ţӽԺ󣬲Ҫң

ӵһ仰֮ɨһ۲ԶԾϣòӢ鵭꣬תͿȥ

Ϳ˴Ϳһ߾лع񶾵ŽԶȥǸӰԺ󿴱үôʰ㣬Ȼ뵽̲ס˸

ʱͿߵһС˹үһѾˣˣ

ɱȥιһȥͿеŭ޴ɷһͨǺС˲һܿȥˡ

Ϳﱻ󣬲˹ԴһĨϼʱɬ鼸ԱλȲӢ꣬λǽܵʱʶãֻǶ̶һദŮͱò̸۷㺡

ֵܣû°ɣ˹󣬴ӻȡһСƿӽͿķЯҩǳЧ

лԴ磡Ϳӹƿҩл

Ϳλ꣬˵Դ磬ǰ治Զ͵Ҽˣǿ߰ɣҿһǽҾ͵Ȳأ

ͷԼһλǣУͿﲢߣʵãղӦҲͿӵܣΪʲô̬ӣ

ӣͿɫߣСҾֻǸϱŮǰһң˸ԣ쵨ҶײǣһȥôʰǸСӣ

Ա˷ҩͿ廰޺޵֪ǴξӦöŶүүڸϣȻ۸үͷӴ㣬ҡ˿ڣͿһžͽСߵһߡ

ЩҲûٶʣҲ˵üڳ˼ʲô

ߵͿſʱͿͿͣȴƴˣֻǵλĳ죬ԵŰݷãҾסڳеĳԪջλпտʱң

ŶһΪͿ֪ʶһѽҲ̫ãϲӦˣ˵һȥ˼䣬ͻ˸

λǣ뿪Ϳֺ󣬾Ͷߵ͵ȫǸͿӣô

λԼʮܲϬ˵үӸղ˵ͿӦͿҵһӣͿӣūϲӦþǰǰԪ˧˳ǸСӣҹȫ⣬иղľ಻Ǹ߼ʿκв

ȴ˵ǻҪעܾҿ͸ʱɲ˻үүͿҵĲּƻ

ȫЦүĿⰲţҿͿѾ⣬öúˣٰһЩ߽ȥ͸ˣ˳õͿ侭ٶͿԪıȨʮ򱱾ҽ֣֮ͿҲͲΪˣ

ȴ̾ͿһиͿԪޣλʦƶͿԪıȨҲͿ˥䣬үүҪǽͿԱҽʮ֮𣡡

ȫĬ

˻صеĿջķмλƽ·˺ҲȺһλбޣüĿ絶еʣ룬Ǳô

壬˳ͿӺǸСֶѾ޷ѵ֪ͿԪڲڸУϼңͿͿƹܣƹܣͿԪλȻסڸУûлؾ

ЩϣһüǰͿͿǸƹܣôˣѵͿԪϼһѾʼͿˣ

⵹ȻͿԪһﵱ걻͵һֱ˶ԴͿԪ򸾹·ͿԪ޵֪󣬲Ȩֻ˽գ

һõͿĿǰ˵еôҲһˣ˵ţһλԪıȥôһٲŪͿ侭ǣǾͱǽͿҵĵŻˣ

ǽԪıӦͷͳš

ʣ壬үүǱûϢĪϵ֧֣ЩǽͷӦд֧ǣ

һõͿԪͿԪ컹Ϊ鷳ҲΣǶʮ򱱾д붼ͿԪϵǺѰԼ˽ȥͿԪ£ҪʱѣĿǰͿڲѾ©ǵȴ֣Ƕ

ţ˶Χһ𣬿ʼﻮ

ɳ ʮ ĸ

ܻ˸磬˵֮УѪŨˮĸ飬ʼǣű˴ˡ

⼸пϢʱ䣬λĸһĸһңĸ٣û͵ְֱҵعĸĻᶼٵÿֱͷͷʼеһź

һɿͬŮˣɲ΢ת䣬粢µٻһλѪĸںǻһػĸ塣

ϰżشľСˣһӹˣԱߵһżŲӺòõĴлͱˮСУðʮֿɿڣʳ

ߣڴڵ̳㻬ɿڵͱǾСˣһ̻ʡ

һߣֳߣһȰº͵ЦݣŶӳÿΪķй˵ҸۣһֱȥŶһ쳤󣬵ʱŶһλϱһӣһҲûκźˡ

ƺе񣬺ȻСָŻعӶó𣿡

óԣûбķóˣֱ˼ζгŷ˵

Ǻǣ⺢ӣҲѧˡ

ϹŵҸЦ⣬ôҲβȥԽԽÿģ˵ӶǮˣŲܸ꣬ˣүı£ӰҲȢϱˣ

šȻԱƲ𣬵ﲻںôҲȢʲôǧС֮ģҲʵʣֻҪҸãӵϱʱȥԪ˧ϵļǰҪõĽã˵ýѰʵ˼ҡ

ӲǰÿһλصҿĸʱĸҲܰ߶˵£ʱһ䶼ȥֻ͸ĸ˲ʱ뿪

磬ȻϤĳӵۿȴЩʪеĸо·ա

ֻ֪ȻݵλѾָҾңȻǺܱ΢޷븮ҷƽȣԷϲϯβõģûʸߵȵƣҲòȥ

극ɫҲӴ﷿صԼӡ

ڴϣŸ첲һֱһ¡

ŮĸƾӹһֱŸҵı΢ֻƾԼŬΪȥӪһ𾴵ݵλҲƷھˡ

Ȼƾ٣;ٳ֮⣬Ů˵λǼǲܵ顣

Ԫ˧ϣȻԱϵϣҲǸٻңҲǸң޸ͿԪ󣬻ʵ۲ŷ˸ھ˵ݣҲƾĵͣôԼΪĸҲָھ˵ݣҲͱ볯ٲſԣ;

μӿƾ

ӷ仰ȴҡͷȥ⣬ĿǰֻвԼʵ;

ŴīһſǣͻȻһȻ³һϥ֮вϹԺ֮еǸλͼܿͽһڶ״̬

ǳǳ֮ǹɽʼ׳ġûȥѨϵ㡮ǡһֱϵšΪÿγѨϾǣҪĴġٴλҪܳһʱ䡣

ϴ˰ʱ䣬һų忪˾ŸѨϣ˾ſšǡڡǾעᵽı׼һ룬ǲؼᵽһξۼϣҲҪһʱĲϻۣһγ忪ʮ˸ѨϾλͼеһеһޡı׼

ʱ̫飬ֻ֮ͼڳѨûдﵽԤڵЧ

ͨ⹦֪ǾżΪشĸúӾ;ÿרǳ֮ϲڵеǹɡţʹ֮ϵسɳ׳ڴһʱĻۣڳ忪˶ʮ˸ѨϾǡһеһޡ֮󣬻ʲôľ˱仯



ǰ׵ʱ򣬷ȥ䣬ϵһҲȥӰ

賿ʱ˯ˣֱʱ˯ʱ̩ͨȻޱȳ档

첻ѾǰǴԽ֮󶼲ıϰߡ

Ժ⻹еڣӾԺһȭȫ֮󣬸оӱͿȥ

ڴ˻ûֻи£ԵñȽ壬ԺŸʱ򣬺ȻһৡƺɨأЩ֣ǾѰȥ

ৣৣৣ

ɨص岻أһֱߵԺŵϢĵطͼһ͵ıӰһɨѣɨϸǵһ

ֻӵıŵһѪζǾ;ѵɱˣ׼ֳ

ֱ߽ʱ򣬲ſǸɨص˾ȻǰЩ档

һѣɨصĶûֹͣûתֻǴһȻӣôȥʲô

Ŷ׼ȥãЩ죬ش˾䣬ߵ˹ȥɨӼǹŰЩɰȻǿ⸲ȥģѪζﴫ

شС֣˸Ǳ͵ԵѣȻȥãǾͿȥɣɨصĶһֱδֻͣ˵ȴԵһЩ

ŶȻʣҲûʣתſڣֻſڵҷſţ͸ŷ죬ֻϴˣһڰ

Ӳ룬ģ²ͨһС͵˭Ϳ͵ǲ

ʱŽգûпȥŷпŵĻţͿ֮󣬾ֱӳöȥ

ӱƽʱһʱõĴҲûпȥǴŵŻ˺ðš

Ŵֻ֮ʷͷ󺹣·ҲǴҴҴϣӶûüۺã¶ǽʵļ⣬Ҳкա

Ӱôôˣʷ¿ʱеţӣ΢΢˿Ǵº͵ЦѰʡ

ӿʷµӣ²⵽ϵʱ͵͵Ҳûеƣûԭֻʷ¿ŵĽȥʱͻȻתҲκ˵ģ

⻰ʷסˣֱԶİأŻ뵽ʲô

͵̧ͷǽнԶıӰѾ𾴣૵ллү

Sսſʼֵܽеǹǧ߻ѽƱղأ

ɳ ʮ ֶ͹ǹ

ʷһСຮ˼ҳС־ѧ䣬ûʦ̵Ҳûκ·ѧϰǾͿһˣӿ

Ϊ룬ҵҵŬ£ҲһֱڵȺڹ򲻸ˣͿŽһ磬ҲΪԼ֮ͨ·Ĵš

ʷµϣӿСķܶҲʵԼ

Լγһۣ˿С

ԣ

ǰ̥һҵı죬һ˺ѿǣֱ˶ٲļкġ



˫һǰһͬʱǼкȥһ֮һȴӵһƨɺ˸ջʹһļϳأͷ͸˰ģڶ͵Ҳͬʱͬһλá

ÿ糿Ϳõĵһ¾Ŀǰ׼ȷȺݶѾȫﵽǰˮ׼ǾԵʣʹĿ;׼Ȼ˸һҲ˸ȵ

Żعϣߵһϣһʮʼʽ緭ضɽҡ

һʽֱΪͷȡزβŲɨǧħӰ졢һ䶨ɽӣ

סǰʱ뿪ȥʡǸĸ֮ǰүүʱһ׹ҲһֱϰʱģȻֻʽÿһʽˡ

磬Ƕµģ廳үүʱܻϰ׹Ϊ׹ʱүүһʱĻʱ⣬Ƕʱһ㴩Խİ磬Ȼ޷ǰǶʱĻͶүү˼

һסޱȵ֮ѾǴ죬жۣиˬ죬ʱһҾƵĻǾ͸ˡ

û˵ʱһҲǰѧүү̹Ķʮʽ콣Žŵϣʱžͱƿˡ

Ǻڲ

ôһӾȻҪ磬ڲв죬ҲοڱͿӵڻ˯ʱܿһλͿ̿Գ˵Ҳϲ顣

ڲҲǸֱֱȥӣõǸһٶصһ˵벻ѧ

ӲһסһڲǸһٶҲûжȤֱԴ룡

ڲһ⻰ŻȥһûջЩ˾ҽ׹һ̣Сӵá

ջعǰڲɣ

ǹ̫أˣӻشҲֱӸɴ࣬һǰֱѵӪλ̹ʱϤоڲһʱ䣬úڲǰλ̹ٵԸƣܺƢԡ

ƨɣ

ڲ˾䣬ҲӣƵĿʼרĻķħ޹

֪ɺڲָģҲ׷ħ̸֪ڲӣѧҲģߵһصУ

һ׷ħ޹ڲŻԭѾһ飬ʼϰڶ飬ͷߵһߵ˱ˮһ£˵ֻ⹦һ似ѧã

֪ڲ˵ʲôֻԼ뷨Ҳ͸Ҳͽ⻰˵

ȵڶ׹֮ȫҲһҲûټ飬˹ڲе룬ˮһ֮ͨ˵ѧ

Сӣڲ˼˵УźЩȣе㲻ģ׷ħһλǰǰģѧһأ

ǲѧӽ£ߡ

ڲоԼִܸУӵѧʲô

ҪǵĹ˵Լĵ׵뷨

һ⻰ڲӵָӵıӽеСӣëû룬˲ɣ

û

ðɣֶ͹ǹھͽ㣬һڲʵСû취ǻ˸ʽ

ĿĴﵽͣЦЦһΪ˵ţֵؼ

ڲݺݵصһۣ

˵ţһȥ

Ǽңڲ˻֮󣬾ӽȥ

ЩɻҲûʣ˽ȥҵǸؼܣֻһǲֳװµĲµĹؼȻдֶ֣͹ǹ

ϲ֮£Ȿؼͷ

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һڹĤ⾢Ħ֮䣬Ƥ֮һ֡ʿʦɵ

һ̶ȵʿܹסʿȭͷĴȴסֵʦǴС͸ȭͷ

ֻǿʱӵüͷȴ˵һжͷ⡮ֶ͹ǹȴֻһٰʮſ飬޷ȫ

Ӽ¿潲ǵķʽ⡮ֶ͹ǹһоʽÿһʽжʮֱ仯ڡͿϾȭԣͱȽϴˡ

ⲿ棬ᵽĻҪֻҪʿȫĽżҵĻ򣬾ͿԿʼⲿֶ͹ǹˡ

ڡʿŽ׺͡ʦŽ׵Ļֻ֣ǴƹٷƵһ־׼һЩϵѧϼиڴĹҲвͬʵҪǸ׼

⵽һ򣬾ͿǵĹͬˡ

룬Ļôڵˮ׼ҲǰʼһЩ򵥵سˡ

ؼŻؼϣҺ󣬺ڲѾˡ

Щɻ󣬱Էʱˣĸ׼˷ڵˣ㼲ȥ



(ƼƱղذλţᱼ)

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ʱйȣѾѾƲܲһ˿磬˵飬Ҳ˼ַꡣ

ӳͿã˼һЩִ˵ҲǸĶֻһ䡯֣ǰڻϵ⹦ľҪֱǾ䡣

һ;Щطǲ̫⣬ʦ֮»ǶΪھӺսӦöģֻдﵽʦ磬С

ŻǰԼǰһͶѧ֪ʶϵ֮ǾǿЧʮſʼҲ˺ģǰ֪ʶж⣬ԼĳɾͻǺŵġ

ͿߵضԺȣլţһתǻȣתԼסĵطֻǵߵת䴦ʱȻľһӿ˽Ų

߹ǰȵլӹһӺվլſڣһɫЩŵһˣӱӰӷףһ۾ϳͿ֡

ûǰȴǹһ˿ЦصİؼͷС

ͿϹżЦݣ˵˷ˣ˷̣ӹ̹ˣҲįͰɣС֣ӦˮĦģ˺ûҸƣ

һ̾ţһǰȥȥץ

ϸǯһץһæ֣л˳ƣ˼ɫϾ˺ܾˣͿֻйɱܵηУʱ·һ˴ǵСŮԵ

һ֧Ϳָоָ⴦һ˿壬֮ûзйʱĴ󶯣ͣ΢а֮ж˼ȣǰСƶ㲻£㡭ѵоҶôչįδմ¶󣬱үʵĲѽ

үأūзҵˣͿֵĻߺдŭмֻҡ

ͿȴᣬƽȻ֪үǶϲôǷҺǵ㣬ôˣս߽»ˣ绨ͣѵ͵ܵ˼į˼֮࣬硭ʹ˱үүܵ˼Ļ֮֡

ˣӻңȴүūݱ΢ҲǽԺ֮ˣʹǷҶūûа壬Ҳݲ˷裬Ԫ˧ڸϣ

Ϳͣʱһܴ죬ҲûǼ˼뵽ˣ˺αߣ¶֮ɫŭү翴㣬ΰʾ㣬С˲֪ôҾͷϴûСӣѾǺչ㣬үȰʶ㣬˱үүԻᱣСӽñүҪ̹򣬺ߡ

⻰һϾ֮ɫҪԼ¶֣ԼǺãһȫϵڶϣֻŶƽƽһп඼ܵãʱͿֵв֮ԣЩԥˣ

ͿּɫңĻҲ˲űүŷʧ§סСڻһ´棬Խ⼢ʣٲЩԴǣ˵ȫʧܣ⣬ԼҪӣ

뵽ˣͿ͵ؾǰһץסǿнҪȥǿЩ׵ᴽ

ֻǲŵͷ֮ʣȻܵظоһΣУʱɫǻ裬Ĺ˵ô࣬˭һ£ɱ˱ǣȻʩ

ֻǲͿֵͷǰͻȻоԼĲӱһӲޱȵĸǯסʹǼٵĺӼ٣ǵ죬һҧԼͷһѪ˿

תͷһ˫̹ǵ䲻˸Ҳ˼֡

漴һԼȻûѧ츳ܱͷôôҲ˸ʦôСӡ

СӾȻҶԼ֣һƿͷһݣһȭһƷġͳӵűϮ

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ͿֱϾǡʦƤǼӲȻǳʦô꣬ʵǿȴǷḻģӻһֻѪۣδ˼ĸ

Ĩ²ѪͿбŭҲûз֮ǰһȭ˹ȥһᡮȭȥʱ·һϮӵ沿

ӻǵһʦԾҲ޾ɫ֪ǹɾӭգ壬Ҳܡ

ǾϮ֮ʱŲ磬ʹá粽ƣճһʱŲ͵أһƬƮҶƮƼͿһȭ䵽˿մһȭľ磬ֻɨ类紵𣬶󻺻¡

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˵ţͿִһϵġţͺʵһΧ󣬣Хȭֱӵźݺ

һȭɨҶĻӶϮ֮£ٴơ粽ȫһᣬ˷·ҪƮѸٱܿͿֵȭֻǶԷǹɡɨۣ񱻵һ㣬ǡϮ֮£Ҳӡ

Ϳִһӿ֣׷һȭǡȭ⣬籩꣬ȻòСӣ壬Ѿɱ

վһߣɪţҧŴѾۼͿֶԼĶɱУ֮бһǰδеǿһûнӽȴͿŵľˣײ˹ȥ

Ӽ״ɱһɱ㲻ɱҲҪ

Ŀǰȥ⹦ϲͿֻ֣Ǿ¼似ͿֵĹ

ȻÿһȭܹȥͿֵȭ⡮ĹһѷĽͣϮиʱѾò¶ƬƬʵļ⣬һЩ۲λЩƤѪ˿

ɳ ʮ ս

ʦﵽһĲ֮ȫͷųġǾһвԵġ

ʿľҪƳ֡ϷBOSS֮ĳһǽһ˸еѪĳ

ѾʶͿֻھϵĲ࣬Ҫ㶨ֻȡ

ؼûнϵĽȫдĵطҾǡʦʱҲһطûйͷģǾλȫġͿϾȭûᵽ

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Ҫǰǲַģ磬Ϳ竰ۣ⹦ϵһЩ࣬Ҳ͹˲ôˡ

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ʱͿִžȭϮٶƣܹʼȨÿͿʱơ粽ͿֵȭӲӲ

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ֻʼŶԷӰвЩҲԳԾСӴѧֹ첽

ڱһȭʱͻȻӱϮһģ˲ȡ

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Ȼ

ǹôһԵô׵óѡ

ͿȭƽʱȻһշתͿֽ˫ȭųȥʱץסʱȻϮƺһǿס˳Ƶؾһ¿Ϳ£ͳλȥ

Ϳʱɫ䣬صȴˡ

ߵһԡʱɣһеľڽϣţһţţš



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ʱʹ࣬һˡ

ʮͿϣͿʧȥ֮ʣһͦǰ弱˶ϣ¶һֱŵǸͷ

ֻͷ˿̾һֻƼһ㣬ޱȷؾнһ֮УȻһһšһͣһѪҺͽ䵽ϣͿֵصˤ˵ϡ

ʱմѪҲѪ˿ԵЩ빭ӣڵϳ鴤ͣѪȪӿͷ棬ѾԹȥͿ֡

Ϣ˰죬Ӧǰ֮ǰǼǡϮʹֱʱ̲סһѪЩˡ

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λѾ߾ʱͿѪ֮г鴤һеĲִУȥ

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ʱ֣ϢͿ֮д֮ʱһʯӵ䵽ƽĺˮ֮һһȦȦֺһʹͿˡ

Ϳ֮ڹ£һ֪Ϣʱȴ˺ð죬漴֮һĨ˲ɾĽѰϲɫ֮󣬾ȥټԺҶظţڸ׽֡

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ְֱӣҪΪֹȻôͿ˽˹סĸ첲

죬ͿµЩķңһϺֹٳ£Сš

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￴ͿԪһۣĬ͸ŷϳš

ͿԪʱɨ˼ۣΧ˵˶ȥɣ£

ͿҲȥŹϡ

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˵ɣôִˣӣͿԪ˰º󣬵ʵ

Ȼֻ˵һ仰ͿԪ쾪

ôĶ⣬ֱҿҪץˣʱĵ̶ֳȣҼ£

ɳ ʮ ׳

˵ɣôŪˣӣ

ʵͿԪ⻰ʱл޷ţʦ֮󣬾Ļ޷˺οֻð²ȻǾѧţСʿ޷ġ쾢ڴﵽ߼ʦ˵ǲġ

ȴǵȻشʿ⣬ʦǣͿϾȭеⷽûᵽǸطټǵطûйͷʦҲһ

⻰ͿԪ㱻һסôݵǵطʦС壬һ˵

ǡƵ֮ʣ˺ΪۣץסʱȫǸطأοаطͷ

ͿԪ쵹˿һˣڰʱǻ뵨ǳ˲мβʤǿǰСӣСС;˵ǻۣΪѧţҲʵˡ

Ҳʲôǣ˵Ȱܻ֮£ûн£ҲһģͿԪĿֺɸ֡

ӳĬоͿԪ⻰Щһ˫أٽϽЩ£ЩȻͨһЩɼܹţֻǲ²⣬ҲûбҪͿҵ£ֲһӲܡ

ҲûǸ˼ȥЩıƣЩĵСɫǵͷȻ͹ˡ

Ĳɵ˼ʲôͿԪҲûʲôٶֻǶȥˡ

ȥıӰͿԪһ˴ãתȵλ૵ôͿҵĽ䵽ϣ



ݳǣԪջ

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һһߵӣӶʱΪһѷмɢһأʾֻ˴ʱǺεȵķŭ

µķһɫڵһŭš

찲źãϢͿͿֿʼж˭֪ûҵᴫϢȥϢ˳

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ƻƻôܲýһù

ԣλнԪı꣬ɫЩǺ죬ͷ˵常ֶĹʧûмʱϢݽȥ常𷣣

һ˿ƽϢеķŭתߵ꣬˷ֻ֮⣬˭ϵǹؼƻҪʵʩĵͷͿһᷢ£ͿֹǸ²㣬ķȻɩ鶼ҸɵóôյЩ˵ĹҲʧȥԼЧˣ

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ѵ컹ڻͿҲɣһ롣

ȫü˵Ƿʧȥöӣǵôӳˣ

һõͷתһ߳ĬĽʧöӣֻдŮһˣ



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ݳǴİ汾ǣͿɥĲɩټƽʱɫ˲ҸŮѱһŭ֮˸ˣҥУδἰӵֻƬ

Ϳ֮УȴǷƽ˾·ʲô¶ûзһ

ͿУǿĿѾֱӣηı¼ѾǶη塣

֪С˸ˣɱˣܿ£ۣźѾǣҲٶ˿ĲСط̡

ºͿԪ޵֪£ֻ˵һ仰ѧŸȣͿһȺҲҪ֤λ׳ɳ

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Ҳһ޷⵱һ̤֮󣬾ͻ޷԰Σ˺ܶ࣬ĵط˶Ƥëû׼һλߵİգҲǸʦҪ𾴣ҪͷأΨбøǿ

һ;û˿ԲͶģֻڿ̿ĸŻջ

ԴԽ󣬾ʹδϹɹܣϺܶԵ͵νĻᡣ

Ŵ֮£ÿһᣬһ˼ϣôȣ۹η꣬ۡ

ͿõҵӰ

ԴϴͿͨʦֹӾʶԼĿǰȱ֮۶սɱУľѾ൱ḻˣΨĹľθˡ

ͺñһŸߵ˶Աʮ׸ߵģǸŸȴֻ׳ôQҲ粻ʮ׵ĸôôŤ

ÿĴ࣬ȫľ˻⹦ϡ

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ԣͿϾȭⲿĻԶܽȫĽƤĤѻ

Щطȱٶǲ֣ͳ©ӲòѰñڶ

ڡҵһ֡׳ԭһֱΪǡͿϾȭ֮еȭڻ˵ѾǺȫˡ

ĿǰͿϾȭʱ򣬵ƿ׶ΣͻƣҪڲң֮ܵУ˴ʱ䣬רĿǰȱٶЩڷ˴ؼڴǡҵҪĶ

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һʽϣҲͬҪˮģֱӲ֪ͿõЩ¶ΪʲôЩʯɽٲĴڡ

ںˮ֮ȭⱾһʮ£Ӵʱںˮ֮Уϡ׳еȭ⹦ÿһȭʱǺˮѹͷ·ǧѹ

ں׾ʮֵıҪһּ޺ķʽȳԼǱܣͨúˮڴ̼ԼĽƤĤӶַʽ

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ʱԽ׳ʱ򣬴ЧԽǿҡ

ɳ ʮ ͻƵڰ˼

Լں׵һʯ֮ϴ˰ʱȭ֮ӸоԼԭЩڵļƤĤںˮ̼ǿҵоʱͻȻˮƺһ˫ȭ֮ȫ͵ӳһȭ



ͺˮзһڵըһ㣬һˮ𣬽ӵһ̤µʯ̨ǵˮһˮǱһɲǼˮ棬ˮ

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ˮ֮ȫļƤĤﵽ˶״̬ȫʼӿӴһƽŲˮһѵˮ֮ˮʱ类ˮױըһ㣬ǹǿ±һˮ

ҲͷƮƮ䵽ϱϣ͵һȭǷֱµٲˮ

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ٲˮĻһȭ֮󣬷һ΢ͣ١

ͺкǧµķĺˮޣֱȫݺݵͺñȱһưˮӵϡ

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һ֮ӸоԼϱڸǴƬĽƤĤһ̿ʼһ˺ѰĴʹϮһɲ֮ʹ졣

ҧ֮£ʹԼھʮĹ֮һɻĸоʱȫӴϲƿͻˡ

ϲ£˰һʯȭգһᣬȻʯ¡

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ããã

ʱԶͻȻһĺȲ֮Χ֮лЩ

ת

ֻ¶ĲԶһ֮ͤУվ߰λˣͷʣµĶʮλŮʮŮ꣬ݿΪ׳ۡ

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ͷһλǲŴɽլͿԪޣһλͿԪ졣

һλߣ壬ü԰ףݵܲЦʱƶѵһƤܼסһˣλʱҲһЦݣѩ׵ĺͷʾοֻͤţվţ˵λߵĵλȻͿԪһĳ

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ôһȺվͤۿΪѽ⣬⼸һֱ£ȫ˼ȫϣ֪ʲôʱͿԪѾص˸С

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Ӽͷͷ΢Цĺӣ

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һȺŮŮͿ䡢ͿͿġͿ֮⣬Ǳֱ֧ϵµŮҲеճϵ֧ϵһЩǰģͿĳԱȫˡ

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ȻСڳ˴඼ˣЩҲ꣬ͿĿԵʮֲá

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ڳ˻֮һ˵ͷ䳡

ɳ ʮ 

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ͿҶջͳһеĻԣҲȽ¡ʢ󣬻кܶ˹ۿջĽҲǼкϺñҩؼǮȵȣܼЩӵ֮͡

Ϳõӵ˵ͿϱԴҲʸμӵģֻҪýһγԣȻѡһɼȥμӡ

մȣҲӵʮΣܵõͿҳʶѧϰĺûᡣ

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ıԾԵþʶˣÿһҲܹչֳ˵ʵˮƽó³ǸЦտ

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ЩǵıԣӵǺģϸµĹۿһ

굱УСʼˡʦľ磬ֻ˵ʲͬԵĲҲ̫ͬʵõģʮϵ֮Ҳﵽʦϵľ硣

ڱУеȭͣеġͣ⹦βͬйأõʽǡֶ͹ǹеĶʮһʽҸȭͬ߸·ߣȭִȭȭս֮䣬ײ䡯ı죬ŻСԿΧɳ

ǿøǼѣСͨ죬ΪԼֳǼף

ʦıԣȷʵʶˡ

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ǰʱСүүѧϰ书үүԴġ֮оͰȭ콣

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쳤֪ʦһ㡭ŮˣΪһƯŮʮ괦ǸŮ˶ӵ̲ȥźûеȵĻ֮£ȥ˸Ů˴ºһָ㱬Լ̫Ѩ

䵽ͻȻ˵ʦǰ̹ԴһС˻ָʱŰм롮֮УΪ廳ʦûмӽȥҲһֱδʹùͻȻǴζͿһУҲôǱŸ㶨

ӡӡ

ڻǡ˻ָʹú֮ʱͻȻļ͵ػعͿԪڽ

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ӼҶԼæ͵ղſ䣬һЩǰ£ԡ

֪ͣΪֻȥձϷǼ£ͿοӣǼ¾ȥɣҪǹϣ

˵ͷߵʱԺ֮ڲϻǡ˻ָʹú

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뵽ԺһԼġǾɽǳ֮ľڼʮƣܹͨ˻ָ־ġƵеĻɱЧҪǧٱ

Ҫ֪ǡ˻ָ޼᲻ݣ޿첻ƵĿֲɱаʦոһбʽһָһͣ򲻵ѣ׶ʹá

뵽ӵЩȲҸ徲˵ĵطһˡ

˲ŵʱʷͻȻͷ󺹵˹Уүг͢ʹʥּˣ

(￴ŸղغƱɡ)

ɳ ڶʮ 

Ʊղء



үг͢ʹʥּүȥּ

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ͿԪšüͷ񼣬αس׼µļڣŻ̽ף²ʥּôˣ

ΣʵʥּҪӵģõһ첽߳Ϳá

ͿſڣԪ˧ϴһɼѾں㰸ǳ̡

㰸ǰĲԶͣǰһվһλݣɫ𪣬˫˸ͷɴڣ۵̫࣬λ̫һִһŸָһ̴ľУһȻվȺ

̫վŰ籦ףӲ֣溬ɷӥĻһ֣

ͿԪһ˸ϵſʱͿԪһĿⲻȳһȥüͷ

ͿԪתλ̫࣬ɫ΢΢ɳ࣬ЩЦ⣬ԭ֣ݹݣܳ

үλ֣ͿԪͷ΢΢һЦ漴ʵּ⣬򱱺Ԫ˧ͿԪּ

ͿԪһȻ̧ϥأжͿҲ׷׹ؽּ

ҲһлʵʥּǺ棬Ӧø쵼˴ָʾ࣬ΨвˬǣȻҪؽּйŴЩ⽨Ļʵּûʲô

֣һ˦ǸУȡһɫ֯չȻƵ۹ʵگԻ۹ҴƹҴƱ߾ͻϣս½򱱺Ԫ˧ͿԪ켴̷ͳ˧ټ򱱾ϸƽϢս³ͻմˣ

ּͿԪжʥּĶɻģûжʣʥּϺ󣬽ʥּӵУվϹź΢Ц֣һ·糾ͿªƲУΪӷ磬룡

֣ɫЩԥʱ˿ͿԪˣߵͿԪߵүһ˵

ͿԪɻתͿԪ˵磬˶ɢ˰ɣ

ͿԪ޵ͷһ˵һ˸С

Ӹȴǳǰͺһ˿ܾǺһйɲͬѰϢһǱһλ֡

ɻ󣬾͸ͿԪ޻˸˸ԼԻ˶Ժ

˶ɢȥ֣֮ͿԪֻصһǰ﹧˵Сүǿˣ

¶һԴ¶һӢףתתżֺĴ˿һţһ˿˵ˣ

λӢ꣬ʱһλкװġꡯֻ⡮ꡯüԶɽд㲻ʳ˼̻𣬼ѩСֱͦıӣεᴽɹճϹĨĺ˷ܶĺΣ޳ͦǴſװǰ͹߶һࡣ

ꡯҲ֮鶯ŵƣƶƮľ飬Ȼ˳ƮݣһѤõĲƣһ京ŵްٺϡ

ͿԪλꡱ֮󣬵˿ȻǼ˵ģϳμֿСү

Ԫ˧ض񣡡λꡯԻӦ֮󣬾ͿʼĴ

꣬һλǳ

һλֿͬɯ

ԺգŶǵʵԲ⣬Ծྸ

ྸǻʵһĸͬ׵ܵܣΪԣ书ݺ£ָңоŷɥΪƵ۹ɨ˵۹ͼ׿ͿԪ쵱ҲλྸµһλսҲྸһΪ򱱾ͳ˧˵ͣλྸֻʮ꣬ᣬ±ȨܻʵΡ

ȻȻǰλСүݵλޱȣûʵ۳谮ӹҲ޷⡣

ʱһλԼʮ꣬òţһƺ룬ԵóأֲʧһɺȻ֮ˡ

λէһһλϢʣʵȴһλʦľ֣ͻơʥ磬û֪Ϊѩɽӱذףһ±ߣѩ

λˣͿԪܿ˳Եʮ𾪣Ҫ֪λѩྸߵĵһ֣ƹһţӲ뿪ྸ벻ȴݡ

Ҫ˵ʲôѩ˰ֹү˶񣬴˴ҴСүүҪţͿѧķҵĽԾãǰܻҪڸ߶żգϣүֻǵͨԴҪ֣

⻰ͿԪ΢£Цɣмªд֮λ£뵽λãɣ롭





ڶԺլĸԹ֮죬ϹŴȰΪ˸ƻݸȸҧһڣԼĸӼҸܰڡ

ʱ洫һ춯Ӹо֮󣬷ƻվſڡ

ֻͿ飬ʮλѾ˶ԺЩѾһֿʼĴɨ޼ݣһ־ͽ˶ԺĿʰɨ

ͿǾԺеլҴҶˣЩ֣̿ţӸ

Ϳ֮󣬾ڴмӭӡ

Ϳɫ첻˵ӱȿʣ󲮴Ҵǰ֪ʲô£

ͿӶүүҪؾҪĸһؾ㸸ۣǰ֪ͨһи׼ʱ䣡

ؾǣüͷ뵽˾Ԫ˧λݺĸӵĶʸȥǶʸ۸

ƺǲµӵ˼ͿɫӣȻĸĴ̱Դ¸꣬ȾؼʱҲˣҲĻڸĵĸףǸ㲻صģһлӦģ

ЩӾˣ˼ѧ䣬ϻؾǶʸȾزҪˣҲͷ

ϢȻвὫһҲؾȥĽãλз֮ʵɷɫЩԥ

ӽɫУתͷ˵ؾɣЩҾͻȥģ㲻õң

ǡӶлǲĸӷֿͽڻ̲ס͵᲻뿪㡭

ӰοＸ䣬ƽϢͿ˵˸˼ʮĿˣ㰲פԺլסԺĲլͿֵһλסĵطѾ

֮ǰſϵĸ֣һҲɣסҲ⣬͵ͷӦ

ǱԨ ڶʮһ ׷

УͿԪ˾ǡ

Уַ벢ûиľʲôϰ˹¶ЩԾ󺣣ӥ̿ա

˵Ѿǰ˼ʿˣ˵ͱȫĽƤĤһĻѾԿʼֶ͹ǹеһЩףҪҲߵĶ͹Ƿʹ֮ƤĤ佨ϵ

ҲӵֳɾͣڱУö̶µʱ䣬˰˼ֲֿٶȣԱ֮Ϊˡ

Ȼ

ԼУȷýչ̫ˣϾڱؽյʱǾ͡ʱѾָǰĳʵ

Ȼĳҵʵ书֮⣬ĿݡӾǿӲ̶ȣԵ߼˼άȵЩǰѵĶ

ֻǰ䴩Խ岢ѣһЩϰ߶ҪټǿбףҲҪһõ֧ţϾ*˵˼άҪһɬжĬתѶȵģͱҪĥϲС

Ҫ֪ڡʦľ缰£Ķ⹦ֻеˡʦľ֮󣬲ſʼעڹ

ǰ⹦ɵľ֮¿ʼڹ磬⹦ĲβŴﵽν˼ʿļô⡣

׼˵ﵽ߼ʦľ磬ǰ⹦ʱƽ⣬Ŀ껹кԶ

˼ʿ߼ʦǺǣ

ضԶ

̾˿֮ӽ˼˻ԼվݳġӭͤеѾ*ˡ

תͷͤһ˩׮ǰ˩һƥëɫңǿ׷ƥʵᣬͿԪǰʱ͸ӵġ

֡׷۹ɽѩ֮УԼǿ㣬ٶ׷磬֮һָ½ĳƵ۹ԭġ͡д½۹ɳĮġԼƹĿġơ

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ҲǿģȽ٣Щֵǧ֮УҲݴͿԪʱôһƥüЩǼĽۺ죬ͷ

ЩͳǵУƥͲͬˣһϿɺӣҲڸͿˣѾϿӣ˭۸ҲҪһº

ߵ׮ǰȥƥǼһƢƺܱңܲӵض㿪ˣñ۾䱸صӣǿ﷢ꡯ죬ǰ̤ơ

Ȼгţ»ҰѱΪһԣԽԽϲƥ׷

뵽¡糤ݺ۳ǧɽĵľһȻ

꣡

ƺоԼˣʱ׷ַ˼ǡ

ӻعϸеһЩҪأ֪ҪѱģۡŹ֡

ԽãԽԵӾԽңԽѱܳɹѱ֮ͻʮҳϣˣԦˡ

Ҫƥ׷˻ȥҪԣͨС

ƥȵһЩϺ̲˹ιԣʼʱ׷е㲻мһˣӽζ̲ݻյԣ׷ţܸ߰ؾͰͷתһȥ

֪ѾζģҲżĵ̲ݵȴԳ

ϾһĹ׷ʵ޷ʳջ󣬴˹ţƺҲܵӵ⣬ͳһôˣҲ˳ͷḧë

ιʳϹ׷ӵʱֵӽ䱸Ѿˣһ˿ϷʣԼѱȻιʳ޷ġ

ȻֵĻ׼ƨˤ

룬ԵĶǻۡиģ־۳ɽҰսϵҲܹ˵˼ǽҪϦദˣܹͨ

ǣ׮ϽµӲûֻ߱˵һХ۳֮䣬ҲֻܰȦԹǵ

꣡

ƺǺӵ˼׷͵ش˼ǣǰ̤һֱֱۣƺ˵ҪҵˣҵҪʲô£ҿɲԸⱻȦ

һ˶һֱۣ뷨ʼأо룬ر۾

ô߷Ƚϳɹкƽл˵һЩڣ۳¡֮ĺ׳׷֮лݺµ⾳

ʱ֮Уһؾͷ׷ʱܰ

ȡ

ʱͻȻһ׷ͱѣʱѾıɻ󲻽ؾƽȱ

׷ƺ뵽ʲôеŭͿٱϵؿʼӣҪϵˤ

׼˴߷֮ʹ׷֮Ѿλ˵ӰȻ֮нֱѱһˣ˫ǯ׷ô˦ۻʼ֮ϣ׷޷ܰܡ

ڣ˴ʱʱѾˣ׷ҲˣٶҲҲ̾ӣƽûһ˿һ궯

ϵӴʱҲǲܣڸѾǷҲ죬ҲЩ׷һգⲻһһй֮

־ʮּᶨʼձҪѱƥ׷ռսݺᱼʱ֮׷ڱѱ

Ȼֻսʤ׷ϣӻûг׵ѱýһεĽС

ǣһˮߣЩˮԼȥЩϺõʲιʳ

׷ǳԵúܻʵ֮ѾӵӰӣסسҡ䣬ϲ˲䣬Ͽ˲λˡ

£Ӳص˿Ļϲؿ׷˵ӽҲˣ־ͽСƱ

(һƼҪϣֵܽǲеӿɣҳ񣬽ˡ)

ǱԨ ڶʮ 

ϦбգݳǵĹٵϡ

ż˿ԶһλӢ쪵꣬һƥɫʻҲ˻ᷢһһٶȱȽϿ졣

ֻǼգۼĹ㼲һʹ缲㻮ͽԶԶԺ

ٹʮֻʣһϸСĵ㣬ʧ˹ٵϡ

ÿ

Ľ̾оԼţ



Ϯ棬ƱڹٵϣӶоԼͷñֱ󣬿ڱǺЩ٣ϢУ۾Ҳֻܰſ·

죡

ǳ죡

һĿ죡

ȻӴʱĸоƺǿһܷʽڼʻ

𻺻ӦٶȺżתĴ

۽Ϳ·ԵĽɫ˹糱ϵľʹƬѸٵˣԼ壬оƮƮģӥڰ衣

ѪҲϵڷڣ־ΥĴ̼ĸоǳǿҡ

Ʊѱ֮ͨʱҲܵӵ˷ܣͺҵԼϲ飬ʱ˻һ

ͷû䣬ֻ˺̵ܶʱ䣬Ӿͻصݳǡ

ַǳǣӽͽ߹̬ƽͣõȻĿɨӳеķʢ

ǵһڽй䣬иʽĿջ¥¥ԺװꡢƷꡢ֬ˮ۵ꡢ̣Ǯׯ̡ȵ֮ĵ·ߺȽС̯輼ˣȵȻ۳з羰ӷ·ҵһ˿ԳϢϤС

ʱǶ¥ٽֶŶͷһƣдԾĴ֣ţֱʷ絶ټ֣˳ȥͷ⿴ſͣļ֪ҵⲻ

뵽ʱԼļʮӻڻװţӦÿԴһԼϲõıǽ˩ſڵ˩׮ͽ档

λӣҪʲôı۵ġµġʵõġ˵ġĶУһţһλף¶ἡ꺺Цӭ¶һ׵ĴԵúܺʵ

Ŷ붩һڵ̵Ĺ̨ɨſһ۰ڷĸʽĹͽΨûеǹһı˿ʽ⣬˵뷨

ǺӴӵĴţ俴·Ʒеĳʡˡ͵ĺβ־ʱʱùЦԭͿҵү֪үҪ͵ı˳͢Ƶĵ֮⣬ı궼˾űһֵ꣬үȫԷģ

˵ţλִ˹СүҪ壬ҲΪү쵽ֻ۸Ǻǡ

ӱ鵭˵ֳɵĵûȤֻһԼƵıʹûкһĲϣ

Ǻɫһ˿ǸȻǸүһ麮ոձλߣ֪ү⣿Ҫ֪⾫ַ£ٴҲڶİҲȺ

⻰ǰһа֣뿴

Ǻӽһӱߣ򿪹ֻ֮źü־뾫֣ɨһۣĿͣһƷ棬ϸ˿ʵغұʧ㽫νİַŻԭ

ӵɫǺӿУмңȻס£˵λүյǵһ顮⣬ֻǼ۸񡭡

Ҳһֺѵõϡ

СֻǰŰɵλƺʵȴ黬ĺӼۣ֪˵Ǽ١

ǺĨ˰ѶͷϵĺүСĻȴȥ

ӸǺӴӵŵһӣӵ¥˶¥һȽϳСֻзһЩСӡ

ǺӴ򿪾Ǹ֮滹иľϻӣľϻȡ˳ŵһߵϣȻصش˿ֻ·һֻȭͷһ顮

Ӷ顮ϸ۲һᣬ£ȷԲЩŵͷҪҪǮ

ǺţɫһϲүҪڱеĻֹǿ⡮ӡ

üͷֻʮӣһĻҲֻܻǧ߰ʮӣÿĸӵǮҲǶʮǮ֮һ򲻵̫ˡ

ʱͻȻƱ˻

һȻһѵ͵׷ɫһ첽¥ͼȥ

ͿүҪҪǺӼӰȾܣɫҲԵñȽϼòҵԩͷҪôˣĳɲˣҲæ׷¥

ܳ⣬ֻƱڽҴ̾ӣϻһ꣬ƺƣ˦߻أһȺ˿ϷƵһΧۡ

ӳ׷ѱõĿ׷һϤʵ˻һ֮ײİգȻһǰշڽصˤϡ

͵ʧܣȾܣܿʧ˽֮С

ӿܵʧҲû׷ȴǳ泯Ԫջ¥һڵĴɨһۣǴϡ

ľܸ֮ͣһұǹˣϽһɣƱ

ǱԨ ڶʮ ¥

Ʊ̷󣬾ܵſڣȵز˲ӵĸ첲

ʱǵҺ׷˳ҪҪҪȴתͷɨһЦ컹Ҵ˼ʶȻ˸ڵſڵ͵˵ǵķ֤

⻰뷴ɿɨһ׷гһӵ׷ӵܣǮƣͷЦæ͵ͿүȷʵǱ֮ǰλͣ긺ڣȴû뵽˼˿յͿү£걣֤´ξԲ鷢

´ôЦһǣǣ

˵꣬ǣ뿪š

ǵҺӼѼӾôˣаûڲѣߵſڶ𣺡塢ĵڸʲôڵſ͵˵ǲұôҪö֪£ӿɲǵ

ſһһ׳ӣżײʱӽнԣ˵磬ҪҲ̫˰ɣǵ͵Ⱥֵǧ㵱ͿСɵϻϵôҲ˵֪͵С˭ô

ѵ͵СӻͷҺӲصȻͷҪ͵ֹⲻԴ¿ˣ˭

һ׽СӿǸ״˵ֶӣǰջӵﶨ˼ʮѡȸƵҽӴģСΪʲô͵ͿСӵ˭֪ӽˮ˰ɣ˵һͿӵܣһ׵ֶӣǵô

Һ֮һɥģǻȥˡ¥ˣǶִӰҲ֪ĸ



¥ݳķ³ҲǴٹˣǵߡ

ʱ¥¥һżУͿ仳ﱧһλεΣķɧСˣһС˵ؿڣǰ˫һ󣬺ܡ

ǻСȴǽŶү㣬ʹ˼

ǰԪıжűƷЦӯӯؿͿֵܣ¥ͷ˶ôҪֵܣ

⻰ﵹǿЦظŪջͿ䣬Ԫӣ㿴ͿүŶͿүòǴаɣ

Ϳ䱾ɫ裬Եö꣬ԪıΪа䣬ԼǴУͺˣĵ٩ȴݺһǷɽ壬˭ˣүǲСˣ͵ȿүô㣡

ԪıЦŽоƺˣʹ˸ɫһЦͿүūιȾƣ˵ţУһ˺촽ʹյͿĴϣƹͿУʹСᡣ

ȽͿЩԺʱ򣬽ԪıֵܣղŸҰ£ֵ֪ܿǵôˣ

ҲӻүԪʢ飬㵱ѣôСæôƴأ˵ţҧҧˣŪūңūҾ

ͿԺشСһѣүа첻ô˵ţͿһͷĻײһعŪϡ

ԪıĿĴﵽЦվֵܣһֵǧͺúܰɣһˣ

˵ţԪıʹ˸ɫͳš

ɫǻͿȥһﴫһ󼱺ĴִŮ޵ĽЦ



ǣ뿪ڵ棬˸ȦӳԪջǰŸ澭ʱǿջſһۡ

ֻͿһλѾվڿջſģвɵǴڽֱ߿λӢɸȴ꣬ͿѾˡ

Щ£ûȤֻ͵СܾЩΣֱӦøջеλЩ

ֻֻа˼ʿʵ֪ʲôıҲӦģҲûȤȥ׷ֻҪǵͷС

ɫӻصͿſʱǰһλɿɰͦϲѾӭүү㣡

ޣһȥӽǣŲԶһƫŽȥֱ˸ϵĳҵ˹£һӣƱҪ˸СǺտ

¼ͦ󷽣æͷʹӦˣϾƽպٵõӴͣӻͷһС

뿪ӴȣȾͷ¾æɣõˣ

ү̫үԸҽүӣСϴЩΣͷ˵

ҲΪСһСѾͷֻǵͷȻȻȥɣ˵ţóӵݸЩǮţȱʲôԼã˵

ǣүȻȥʰˣӹǮӦ֮Ȼȥˡ

ͿסԺͨԺȣƹһɽѵС԰ӣ˹Բ͵Ŷ͵ˡ

ԺլǰһλۼѾͿӣܽͨȥˡ

ӽѾ߾ֱլ

լУͿԪҲڣǰȲ裬Ϳү졣

ӽ˵ͷͿ˵ӣҲûʲôҪ£ڸҲݵˣҲһ̣ϣѾǰͷ̹ĸӣӦ֪ˣֻ̱ȽҪڸлѡʲôҪҲһ˵˵

ѡô룬Ҳ൱ȷʵҪϰһˣиϸߣЩ鷳ǵԲôƽϰˣи̻᲻̫㣿

ʲô㣬Ҳ൱ߵΣʱɵôûãͿԪüͷ˵

ӿͿԪ޺ͿӣܾҲС룬еһѡѡİģºϲڸ˲࣬ÿŵʷ̰ɣΣ

ͿԪһȴЦˣ˵СӣϷͿǺǸѧӣֻūʽսûỵ˹أԲȥÿţѧٿ컯ˣȻ̣ȥܼ˵һֱ˾ˣ

үӷ˻Ϳͷǡ

ͿԪֵ˼λסڶԺ᳣нӴүүʱң⼸˵ݷͬѰһദʱǧע⣬ʵĲҪʣ˵ҲҪ˵ס𣿡

ǣסˣӦвɵصǸ֣ЩˣʲôأͿʲô

(٣ղƼƱ벻Ͷӡ)

ǱԨ ڶʮ 

Ѿʱڣ峿й⡣

ϰÿϲϵǾڵľ״̬ԽԽʢһϲ˯Ҳо롣

ֻǲ˯ĻȥҲãÿ춼ںҹ賿ϵʱ˯ʱ

һͱ֤ÿ춼ʢ档

ƾӶԺĲլʱһֱûмļλھӣүӵĸ룬ҲûдȥӴЩˡ

ţͼլſվλȻ񣬿״̬ܺã˰ҹڵʱǾչ˯ʱ䣬⡣

ֻ룬λֻ᲻ҹ˯ҲڹԼǾǳ֮᲻ᱻǸָӦ

ǳ֮࣬κףԼʱ˯ݵѾ鶼Ӧ㶯Ǹһξ룬ƻԼ̫˰ɡ

ҡҡͷͷ׿˿ʿһ󣬾Ժȥ

ÿҲʱԺɨأˣǸоԽ

磡кֻǼ򵥵˸ͷɨأҲûл˵

Ѿϰߣкͳš

õŽ쿪ıȽ磬õʱ򣬾ͼʷվſڣ쳤˲Ϲżεı顣

ӳֵſڣʷ´ϲӭ֮촽䶯˰죬֣ү

ӲܼҾ֪ͨʷԼ̵ϢʱʷɫӦǼһû˯þϾŵļҶһλ̣źܴĲ

һҶڸеڸ΢ĵ׽ɫûκελ˹һԺѾ߶硣

̣Ǿ൱һԾÿǮҲһɣҸĺôǿԸѧʶĻҲлӴһͿ֮вƽЩƽӵܣĻ

οʷ»ūΪ̣˵һǧѷĺûᣬôˡ

ڴƹūûκλģƽ񶼲磬Ҹ׼μӿƾ٣ѧһֻܸ˵ˣֻмõһλӣ˵ūƽ

ӿʷڲֻͣļ˵Ժ͵͵±˷֣Թˣӽҵ̣

ͨ

ʷ⻰ͻȻֱֱ˵ϣү֮ĩݲܳݣ

˵ţʷ¾ڵصؿͷŶĵЩ

΢΢ԾȻӽҲٿΪҪĲһϥ¹̣һ۲ߣмĻҲٶһ䣡

ǣү½ģʷصͷԶվӵࡣ

ӿʷµļɫͷߵʱתʷ硭

ûпʼ˵ʷ»ֵ̿شϵү벻ҪƺСģ񲻺ϣ̫үܼСĻᱻҹģүƺС֣СУ

΢΢һ㶣漴Ȼǰ˵ʱƺûʲôݲͬˣƺĻᱻڸẦʷ£Ҳνܡ

书ʲôΣƺǾеֵֹģʷҪ꣬ѾǳˣΪˣƺҲȻˡ

ʷǰһֱ͵͵䣬ûȥ֮ǰͿһ̣ܹˣ𣬱ش˵үСļʿʵ

Ŷ˶ã˻΢΢ЩԾ

ʷ´ÿ֮ǰүһ϶͵͵һ꣬ɵÿţҲаˣ

Ҳ˵ʷһĹ򣬶һǼԵ͵͵ļʿĳɾͣȻͿү˵ȷʵҲǸѧĺӰԼӦǼ񵽱ˡ

ߵСٲк󣬿ʼ·ʷסǰӹ·źá

ӳʱʼѿʱʣǰʲô

үСǰǡţ͡Ƥȭһֵ֣ˡһٲ֣һֱЩ

ʷҪӹµĿӣȴͻȻִϣֻʷȺԼڲȥˡ

һ˻ȴؼʷ˵ǡͿϾȭ͡ؼӽֹɣȱмڲֻһʱޣ

˵꣬ҲýӹؼʷǾϲӵı飬˿ӵһߣͨһףͲӰ

ʷؼһֱͣڲţ񡭡

ؿһ֮ʷµ»ƽϢԼĵļ飬ֻЩطˡͿϾȭⱾؼĵһҳ

ѵõĻᣬҪϧ



ǱԨ ڶʮ 

Ʊղأ



＾²ϴ

еĺˮЩںѾϢ˽һʱʰǰġϢܴﵽļޡ

ں˽һʱȭ⹦ںˮѹĴ̼֮£ӸоȫĽ⿪ʼЩ͵ĸоͿϾȭû漰Ĳλйɴʹ

֪Ѿһּˡ



ʱһˮǱˮ棬ȻǰεķʽȫƤĤһָ߳ʱٲ֮½ǹѹֲסľϤųˮС

ˮµ˾ԵЩĽƤĤ֮Ϻ󣬾һ̼ѹϤʹֻǱ֮ϴһЩ

ʹֹǱڴЩƤĤпʼȣ̣˵ֶǺЧģһַҲЧʱʱȫеĽƤĤ˵Ѵɡ

ϵġ侭Ϊϵġ侭֮һյüȻж֮

ʱһ͵Ӹͤﴫһɴ͸·ܴ˵

ͤӿȥȴһλƮȻִֽȣòƮݲдһɺȻ֮ˣ￴

˵վòǳֻ꣬һλ۾ڴʾʮֺɣƺǾˮıȽˬ죬ʱˣζ

һȴǲͬˣֻεѩ׵ϴΣ·ڽĵһۺ󣬱ɬתȥСֱ壬в֪߶ʲôӦɡ

İͻأس֮У뵽δıھӣĿ⣬ͶעλֳֽȣƮݵϡ

λˣӦþλֻϢ˵ľ֡

ͤһѩǡĹҲѧҲ뵽һ£ȥɣ

ѩЦ˭֪Ĺ˼̫ˣ뵽Ϸһɣ

磬ûߵһˮɣ˼ҿŶԱߵɯЦÿ鵽ǺٲгӣвɵþһһֱͣϷȣٶ࿴ɶΪʲôҪǿǸһѽˣ

˵е˼һ죬ͷʣҾͲȥˣ

ѩ˵ı飬ɫЩΣҴǹ۲һˮкβͬǵãһ˼ˮˣһ캦ߣ˼룬֪ˣӦȥͿõȥˣ

ԴתıȽϿ죬˵һҹδ˯һֱ߶ʲô쳣ˮейأҿڵĹӦǰ˼ʿкβͬѽ

ѩЩˮе˵Զ۲죬ȷʵʲôߣʱϣܸоһʮִ͵Ϣⲻ֪κһֹеϢƽ¸أȴδϳֵֵ󣡡

һʲɯС˵

ѩȴҡͷóȻѰʣʧȴǲף

תתȻͿҵˣȥһͿԪޣҲһλʦػɣ

Ȼѩҡͷƽϲĵ仯ܸоֹŹǰδܸоˣ

ף㿴ɯͻȻָеôֲѽ

òںˮ˰ɣҪȥһת뵽һ⣬ɫԵЩؽе

ѩôεͷˣǾȥɣϤһ¹Ҳԣֻʱ̰棬ûУ

֪ˣ֪ˣȥҲϲѼӾͳ߿񱼶ȥ

ɯĽˮȴС죺ߣûߣ֪棡

Ǳں׹ϢȭÿһȭĻˮжһС

ֻţоΧˮЩ춯ǰȥֻһӰǱˮһС㡣

Ӱӽν֮󣬲֪ͤλꡣ

ûȭ

Ǳں׵ӸȻںȭһʮÿһȭһУԵʮ־ȣˮ״ž͸оѹܴʱҪǱˮ滻ȴһֱˮס

ˣˮְƺˮУȵŴ͡

ֻǲŴʱŸоԣˮȴ͹һ죬Ǿ޴ѹıң֮󣬱Ǻ˺ˮںҪˮˡ

ʵڲֿ꣬ԣǺ˺ˮѾˮףҡҡͷֹͣȭһһس˹ȥ

ˮ֮ʣȻץʲô֮󣬾رסӱյùϢҲЩ޷֧ţ˾ʹһȣ·һͳ˺档

˳֮͵ļѨ㡮ۡһˮ˼Żع

תֻԼر˼ҵĲӣɫ죬˵ʲôͻȻо屻һ˦˾Ϸȥ

ѽ

صˤ˺ߣƨɱˤþʹʹһǱںϵӣҪ˵ʲôȴȷ˻ˮԣҪң

˵꣬˸ٴǱ˺ס

ǱԨ ڶʮ ֮

˴죬ȴʲôҲû˵

ǺͤɯһЦŰЦã˲ɷ˼Ҿ˰ɣ˼ģ

ֻСһ죬Ҳûˮ£룬ˮܴôãôҲһС

ţٴ˺Ǳȥ

ֻǴҲͲһĹʵڱסˣˮ׵ӰӿһۣѸٵس˺棬ں

ʱѩ˺ߣһɥЦ֪֮Ĳ֮ͬ˰ɣղ۲죬㲻ϸһΣӦ˰ɣ

˰ߴ·ߵǼһһֻǴһ룬תѩΪʲôˮдһʱȴأһ㶼ֲˣ

ѩ׿һۣһĨ⣬˵Ϊʦľ磬ˮܴôãֻ˵ŹӦһֺܸġϢ

ϢǺʣҲѧֹܲܽң

ȿȣǸѩţɫЩΣҲ֡Ϣ˵꣬ѩų˼ɫĵԽԽҺˣϣЩʲôܣ

˼š

ʱˮͻȻͺҪˮһ㣬һɹпʼˮӿ

ţǹӿˮͻȻһˮǵˮӰͷ·һˮðߵĽѣ⡮ԭô棬ÿۣǰôѽ

ѩûõصСӣġѩûȱݣϳ˵ĻѧȫĽƤĤȫˣ⡮ǡͿϾȭûƵЧ㻹֪㣡

ڳϺһɲǣλѩ˵ǡѩȴǲΪһڽƤĤ֮ʣٴһƵġ׳

ͬĸоٴ٣չ֮󣬿˿ɫҲ쵽ԷʱˣҲû˰·ԱߵһӺǻȥ

ʷʱҴҴ˳ǲشѩۣӰ·á

Ӵ·еݼûУ

ţСȫĬˣʷµͷͽ齻ӡ

ӽӹ飬ѩһֻۣԵĵ˸ͷͳڲȥ

߿ʱûи˵˼ѽҪҪһ㣿

ʵѩҲʮƣղ˵ѩӵעǰ̸ҲôʳסϢǡѩĹҲԡ

ǣ۲ɫûκĶı飬һֱܵĮз֣ԼûжһŨҵȤ

Ҫ֪ǵЩȨӵܣĸͽֺ뽫ԼҺ͵Լӣȴȫˡ

ݣȴôһֵ꣬ȴʹһͽĳ嶯ֵľȻͱôһˣǰδе鰡

Щ֪Сѩɽӱذףһ±ߡ֮ƣΪµһֵѩȻһľЩʦ֪󶨻ᱬһ

ʱɯԺ˹˵ǸһԸеֵֹģǣͦȤģҪȥѵһ£ͻ˵ˣ

ѵСתԼã˼ҿǰ˼ʿ㲻߼ֻбүȥѵźֻǡղˮȹңôأ

룬ɯ°ͣصãҪȥױø˼ƣСһס˵ʲôСףٺ١

ɯ⻰ҧֱţȭͷͳ˹˼ƣҲ㣬۸ҡ

öЦžܿˡ



ѵУһ޹趯һ¶ʮֳӺСҪѹһ㡣

ڲӳı飬ȴǳɫȹ׻Ҫڣ룺СĲʺҵķħװװӣѧأ

ʵڲĲ²ȫȷȷʵѧַħһٶĹӻ裬Ȼ޴󣬵ȴۿۣҾѧˣԺѵŻҪһٶĹӣû߼·Ͱѹˣһ̸ʲôԵУ

ֲʵʵĶӻǲԸѧģֻϴδӦ˺ڲȴҲ÷ڣڲҲƻ֪ǡֶ͹ǹÿţȴʹ˸ưͿֻǷħӣúڲѧͷ

ˣ쵽Ϊֹɣڲʵڿȥˣ󻵣ֻúֹֹͣ

¹ӣ˿ڲ̫ˣҿӰɣʦɣһСʿһٶĹӵëˣǲе̫Ϊˣ

ٳƨ̥òعڲһƺƾһ

ٲͷޱȣڲ£Ӧñǹ͹ӵǲܶԵȵġ

ڲһ㻣ҡı飬Ҳûãɴ۲Ĳ·߳ѵǸȥƱȥһˡ

ɳÿȦһ£ڳɳÿ컨ʱ㡮Ʊܼ顣

ԣҲһڴԾõл

ö飬۱Ȳ˼ҵֻϣλͷ©*ƱӾˣղְ֧ɡ

ǱԨ ڶʮ ʶ

õв٣¶ÿмӳѵѾ磬Щ׼õͿӵҲѵ˳

ǰЩ˼һ۶ǱĵĿ⣬ӵݵλͿˮǴߣЩֵܽǼҲк

ӴЩˣʵͿͿҥڣʹЩ˶Լӡ󶼺ܲ˼ҶҲͬİˡ

ӶԣƽʱٸǷҲûͻȻҲЩСƨЩ΢ЦкģҲֻǵͷһЦˡ

ȣʷȺһģиղں߿Ǹ˺꣬һ꣬ںߵʱӾͿǸŮЩǣͿȻҲڡ

ֻǰ۵ǣͿʱҲλĭҽڸ̸ʲôʷ¸ŭԵɫò¾֪Ϳڱ˵Ļ

ʲô߰ɣ߽ʱͿǰЩʷ¼ֻЦʷһ;ԴԱ߹

λСʧˣʷ֮󣬾һ·СܸߣСүүһֱλǰүĲǣǿɶ񣡡

ǣ˵ȫ֪ҺθʣӵȻ˵ſߣʱʣ᲻

ʷţɫЩүС˻ûͿ֮ǰǿݰģСֻǺ

⣬ͻȻͣתͷѧΪʲô

𣡡ʷµͷȴص˵֡

ӵͷжˣǸÿ˷ܶĿ꣬㶨ʵֵһ죡

ʷתȥĨ۽ǣͶмһƳ˵үǴҪô

ŶѾһƥ׷ѱҴȥڡƱɳӱ߱˵

ʲô׷ʷ³һСܸү׷ֻҪѱ֮ǲȦģҰԣͲ׷ˣ׷ԣŵһӺܹŹ֣һֻҳһλˣһͬһͬѳͨҰѱѶȼ۹ɽҰط

ʷ˵ľϣ׷һЩԣ֮ҲǰңҿƱǣһ죬ʱˣͻˡ

˵ҽôƱץסصʵ

ʷ˵үȻƱѾΪˣСĽƱڸеĺ԰жһЩǺҲܶˣҰˣһᣬͻԶģ

ЩӵͷеȲȵȥƱˣɼӿЩŲ˵Ȼȥ׼ЩʳһЩԱõĶһȥҰʹԣ

ʷµͷҲеܣһСȥˡ

ֵܣȵңȵѽߵſʱȻں

תͷͼܵöͷһһ׷ǰվס˵ֵܣôƺɣ

ӵʲô𣿡

ͷҽʮһ꣬ںе£ðͻһûǸлأ

ŶǼûϣ㲻ÿӿһ䣬ֵֵܻʲôһˣ

һ£ûж˵˼һתͷѩɯҲ˹滹ŸƨͿ䣬ҲûͿ䣬㽫ɯ˹ܵáܵܣɯ

Ӵ磬Сܡˣɯ΢΢һ

ӾúЦŮŮɣ˵ŹֵģͿӶܿοǻ񣬵ɯﲻÿ˵ţλվһƽ˵֪λǰôƺ

ɯһˣ벻类ˣʱԵЩִ٣Ͷ㵽͵͵ۣߵòҼˣݺݵŸĸ첲

ͱһӣܵλѩǵʦ

ѩ֪ǰλǸز¶ĸ֣̬Ҳ֣һЩ

ѩ΢Цͷ⺢ƢԵĮ¶˻ǺзȺλղ˵һѻͿȣȴ֮

ͿԼ䵽һߣЩˬ磬緹ʱҲˣСͣȥ۸¥ȥԷɣɫ˺ܲλݣСԾ֮ˣ

һֵۣܣҪһȥɣһкöأ

Ǹλһ£հɣӳѩ΢΢һ󣬵ѩȸˣ˵ţתá

뿪󣬾תͷѩ

ѩû˵Ϳȴ廰˵Ǽһǲʶôǰ˵ʱûôŹֻűүүʶУβ;̵ȥˣ

⻰жԳĲأü˶ͿԽԽᡣ

˵ǻǻظ԰ɣͲ鷳ֵˣ

зˣС¸λԲϰߣС˶˾¥ϣλ͹⣿

˵ţͿתͷ΢΢Щʧؿɯо԰Ľ룬ŮװŮװɣܵõǽ󡭡ٺ١

ɯȴǶͿ伫ھǼְķ֮Щ־ͱͬ˳ֺ࣬ðͽͿ䣬һ۾ͿĿĶģȻ˿֪һǵݡ

ǿͶİĽɯо͸оǳֻӬһģһתȥҲֱӻظȥˡ

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Ϳۿ˶ˣգ뵽˻µӣжݺݵ˵һ죬һСӺÿ

ɯ·ϣ뵽ͿĶһԱȺвӸղʶԼŮ֮󣬺ʼնûж࿴Լһۡ

뵽ɯвɰǸɶؼһڵӣôѿô

(ҿŸƱɣæղ£)

ǱԨ ڶʮ 

ӻصſڣֱȥ˳

¼ǣ̬ȺǿȴǴ¿ˮ˵ġƱƢ߻˲ٵդιϵСҲҽӽвͻᰤһӡ

˹߿˵һѣһЦ֮óһӸѺԺ԰ʰһ£ԺƱͲóˣŶס˹¿ˮ졣

¶ҪһƥƱڵǼ

ֻǻûеʱ򣬾Ʊһ󻶿˻ǸӦ˵ĵԵú˷ܡ

ӴţͼһƱñդߵͷɳ˳ܵǰ塣

ƱʱһλСȴԶԶƱҿͷʾ£С׳׳˹ҲûʲôƱ˵״

ϺʷʱŸ˹ȥһƥûмǣȥ복Զıз

ͿжͳһģҪзѹҪǼǵģһ˴ʹõļʸȴҪǮģЩǮǴǮп۳ġ

ӾԼֻҪһȫˣʷͬҪֱװã׼׵֮Ͷ˾ʹӲų˸



＾ﶼʱʱԵ˾Ӷࡣ

ݱ⣬˹ٵС·ͨƫƧһģɽǻĽҰȥС·ѡĵطҲͦࡣ

ʷ¶˱˱ǣķԶһϸֱ¸ܶȣѡһܶСķ򣬾ͳʻȥ

Ʊٶȼ죬ʮʱѪڵĿУֻǽʷµľ̫Զʷ¸ÿһξ룬ӶǻƱȥˣͻһߵȺʷ£˳۲һΧĵΣʱ̧ͷ졣

Ѿ˻Ұ⣬ΧĲݴûĵطһЩӡ۶ϵļ֧˵ҲгԵˡ

ӵһϤΧĻ֮󣬲żʷͷ󺹵ظҲûǰϣʷºϢһ

˵˵ˮ֮ӴڣһĹ򣬾ͼƱһɿʻ˻ֻǿƱĲ׵һҧ֮üͷ

ƱûͳڻҰ֮УᱻǵҰץӸղŷƱȥˣʱǺҪ⡣

ʱһӽֻһе׷ѽƥҰܵˣǿƥϺõ׷ѽ벻ݻ׷û֣

ѽ쿴ƥˣʱһŮܺݣ

ӽ֮ʣĿԶڵȥֻＱЩԽһ㣬˵ò֮ȴǿЦһ

ԩ·խǼˡ

ﱼ֮ʱϵȻҲӣԵЩԾŮȴǻһ쿴ȻǸһ

ˣѩɯߵ

ӺһѸٵر˹վߵƥ׷ȵصףֵܣƥ׷ѽǻΪһƥҰأ

ʱɯѩʻ׷ǣ˹ɯգգ۾۲תӸ磬ҲǳԵѽ

ɯһۣѾŮװС裬һ㣬ٱһСǽ˵һˬӢȴԵСɰһֽȻͬĸܡ

ȻǸӣۻʲôװ˺ǶʣҲ˲ǰһ

ֻ΢΢ۣвûгʲôֻǵȻֻ˵ɺϰɣҵƱҰˣҲλ

ɯ۲㳣һۣҧҧױݡ

ȵֵܣʱкܶ˴ԣ׷ԳȥǱ׽ȥ͵òʧˣ

ŶǸղ㲻ǺҪ׽𣿡˵

仰סˣɫЩΣ˭ڻĽҰһƥ˵ϵ׷˼ģͻֵܼ֮£

ɯܻǰԱֻصۣƺܽһ㣬Ц˵׷ûǲĴܵģ㲻ɵ˰ɣ

޺޵һۣСȴˡ

֪߲ʵҵҲطϣӿɫȻһ̨ףǣߵһߣץ˰ҩݹιƱԣҩݴлѪĹЧƱżԳԻкôġ

ʷ¼ץιҪʲôӿһۣЦղƱ˾ţֻżԳԣģ

˵ʷ¾Լˣ͵ͷʰŵϡ

ѩǣһƥ˹ӵСѼд£ͬһɣɽҰпСޡûСΪϣ

ޣЩ棬ʵǰΪޡ

ѩȤЦЦ߽߱ܵʵ⡮ޡҰģֻЩޡЩ˺ܳǵޣͨ߻Ҫ׺ͨԽǳٵϵȡޡڻ׽һ֡ԪĪĸãѪҲǴ󲹣ֻЩϵȡޡǿޱȣһλ߼ʦҲǶֻ֣ͨСʦϾ߲аɱޣȡáԪһЩƫƧĻɽҰУûޡĻʻǷǳģ

ȻǾ޳ԪǿЧãⲶɱҲ᲻٣طȻƫƧǰȷͻо޳ûӵ

ѩЦǡޡƽʱͨҰ޶ϣοǼ׺һĲɱҪʵǿø۲ɱһֻǷо޳ûҲһ򵥵İ취ղСιǲݣǵͼʳݡޡһֲҿпɵĺۼΪƲ˵ӦСޡû

ƺҲ綯ѧһѧƣҲ׸ţûм˼׾ʲô¾Уûȥɱ޵Ĵ㡣

ʱѩͻȻȡ˹ٶַؾſֵľ޹žֻ˸֮һɡ

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ǹȽϴ󣬶ǾŸʹƿյĺХ֮һ㣬㳯߰˰ٲ֮һƬСĲݴȥ

ż飡

ӵ˿ɴ۾СݴĳʮִַֻʵҰãżֱǺ«

֣ȻǸ֡

ҲǸ֣һγ֣һһѡ

ѩ˹ŵ֮ʱȥЩԵҰȫ˹

ע⵽һֻƤëɫЩǳҰͬһλȴֻһֱֻ

Щ˹ѩָֻϲֻȴûҰãЦֻҰãǵͼޣ

°ͶҪˣ

ǱԨ ڶʮ 

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ȼյĻ֮дŲʱһը

ڻϣһӣϴֻѾ⽹۵Ұ⣬֬һ˵ķ㴫ڻԱߵö˷׷̲סʹ̿ˮ

ѽɲԳѽɯǧ֮ޱȣ걻ǹ°ǻţûҰûгԹֿҰζʵѵζջ󣬲ת˾䡣

Ҳʮֺ棬ڲԶŸľͷһʯͷϵȥĲ֪ڸʲô

ѩǼʶ㣬ЦӦһֵζƷ

˵ţͼӽʯͷϵЩĩռһƬҶƸɾ֮󣬾˹ǷĩҰϣ׼õΰ͵һЩζƷǿת˸Ȧȿ󣬾ʹӻȡ

ɯذһãȡӶɯһڴʱͷϲһѾСɵذף⡣

ɯ£漴ÿҪγˮ޲ҸȥҲǵɴ۾ȵӡ

ѩȴϴŹŹɫ΢Ц

һŹֵӣɯǽ߲ѵӣͻȻʶŮӵذףǲǷʲôɻ䣬Ͼ绹̫˽⡣

ɫЩεЦЦҲûټ˼ҹذףǶһλ磬Ľһã

λһ֮ɫŹֵؿӼۣͽԼĽݸӡ

ллӽӹɫʮֹŹ֣ҲûᣬǿõҰʺãȵݸѩֻǰ룬

ѩ΢Цͷؽӹãҧһڣڴ㣬˽оֵģʮֺóԣֲ̾ҩĵ㣬Ͷ壬ʸɿڣȷʵѵõζܲ

һ䡮ۣܲʱôеûعȲȵؾͽӹӵݹȥİֻ⣬ſһں󣬾̻

ӽʣµļֻкãÿ˷˰ֻõ۶֣óԡ

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ǰүү̵տϵĵƷû뵽ҲпĲϣҩϴ䣬ȻЩƽʱõĵϻϣͻʹʱֿɿڣǳ񫡣

ܿ͸ɵ˰ֻãָŴƺδ۰Ͱ͵صŻڻڿʣ¼ֻҰá

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ʷ½ʣµĿҲַĩֻһֻʣֻľͰֻ˰ֻûٳˣǵŻеĲȼ֮һӽҰǿʱ¶һ

˳һʯͷ͵£ͽҿʱһɸ˵˱Ƕ

ζѩҲǰһղֻ˰ֻ⣬֪滹ݣʱȻⱻҶӰҶӻûвǹͼΪˣַʳ½ζ

ԵСԲŵζ֮󣬺ڵӣϽһͦؿʼȭʹԱĶӸϽΪǻûгԵĸζþ޵⣬Ҫƴˡ

ӽǰþϵҶӲ֮ǹޱ˵ֱı꣬е̲סˣ̫ˣ

֡衯ҲǰүүģһζӶԹҲˣþ޵⣬绹ͷһγԡ

к÷ָ֮еس˳ζĸоʵݣ˵ֻҪԹһΣԻ֮޷ȥ

ѩҲǳԵ̾ȴЩźصϧγûдƣζ޾ܻϧѽ



˳Թһޱȷʢ֮󣬼ֱʰ£·ϾγǴԵģɲǵտġ

ɽҰߣͶҰӡɽҰ롭ȵ֮ޣһгѩٷŹһ֮⣬ÿ˶䵽Լ

ֻôЩǣÿηżֻɽҰӣСҰ֮ֻ˴ס֪Ҫʲô

ѩҲùǣÿʱܻ᲻ʱϿϵʲôѵԷɼɣ

ǲеһɻ

ļܲЩɵɽÿһգտƣ֪ǳѩĽڡ

ɯҲ⣬ⷽڸʤһ

ֻÿܻ֮ɬض㿪ȻֻעʱԹصۣ޲ÿ

Ůҵ˼£

˻ҰеһƬС֮СľһɽɽƱȽƽ㶸ֱܹͣϵɽ

ӵɽĿĴ˿ϸϸһЩ֮ɽϿմԵú˷ܡ

Ѹղ˵ЩɽҰ

ʷ²֪ҪʲôͰЩʹڵҰɽ˹һȽϿĿյأʷ½ЩҰӺСҰ÷ŵյȲᣬѩ˹ȥľͷȥˡ

ʮֺ棬ԴҲģ͸ȥæȥˡ

ȴȥŪɲݺҶ񣬻ʹҲûʲôԹԣͦȤġ

һĹӺʷ£ÿ˿żľͷ˻ҲһѵĸɲݺҶˣֻȴŪЩͷģǵɯֱЦ

Щ˻Ȼ⣬⵽Ҫʲôջѩ̲סʣСѣЩľͷͲҶҪʲô

ײݣӼ򵥵ػشһ䣬ɻ󲻽⣬ѵôɽйҹɣ

ǱԨ ʮ ӥ

ʰߣ

ҪݣȻҲ֪ĿʲôһָɻͦȤģײݺܿʹˡ

ɯȻŪۣǿԼõĲݣԵúܿģϾǻʮꡣ

ݴ֮ѩżȽȺ򣬶ԼȴǴʷ֮ǰҰúҰӵĿյ롣

Ⱥʷ¶ڿյ˸ľ׮Ȼõ˩ҰúҰӵϣȻӵһͷϵڿյľ׮ϣſҰӺҰ֮Ǿľ׮Χ

ŪúִԱߴ˸ľͷӣܼذһӣһһȻһľǼ֧ڹϰӣʹʷ˲֮С

һôԵЩӵʵûа취£ѩǣƥɽµȺʹòݿࡣ

͸ǲݵķ϶ѩӵĲãʵһݾ

ţǵһˣЦ˵

ȽϺʣݾҪʲôãֱһͽˣ

۾һգգضŴҰӺҰã˵üĻһɱˣбҴĳˣ

ɯӰñȽϽһЩʱúܿ죬˲˵ĿյԼ£Ͱͷ֮С

ЩĬʵֵܣں״ôãʲôѽ

Ŷǡ㲻ҲôӵشţԲҰӺҰãͺܵƵġ

ȴҡͷ˵ǣ˵Ϊʲôںױôãôģ

ѩ⣬͵ؿһۣҲԴʮָȤһڴӡ

ͻȻתͷŹֵصһۺ˵ֹСϢһλصǰ˽ҵģ

ɲԽֹϢȷϣԵʮ˷ܡ

ΪʲôҪ̸㣿ӿ棬ͷҲصص

סˣ֪ô˵ǰǻԿѩ

ѩЦЦСѣȷʵЩͻͨĳЩǰ˶ЩŹ֣ϲԼĹ⴫֣

ţǰȷʵŹ֣ѧϢøղ֡衯ʳλǰ˽ģȻغƵʵֹǰѧģֱ˶ᡣ

⻰˶Щ˼飬ѩȵصĹˣȻϽôĹ˽һʳ

ӵλǰ˵ѧϴߣ;ͬ飬ڹؼ֮Ķ縡ƣȥ绻һʳʹ죡

֪λǰ˵֣ѩ⻰ЩݵѰʵԺ֮УͻȻ뵽һ˵ıȽһ˵еˡ

λǰ˲û˵ʲô֣ҲֻżȻͷȾƣ߶ǺĻӺţ˵λʦǿǸհܰ߶仰Ծòꡣ

ѩ⻰ȴǳ׵סˣʼĬɫƺĳֻˡ

Ӿе֣תͷֻѩıǹŹ֣а룬ǰɣôԼƵĻλ־ȻţѵԼ˵ôһˣ

ѩʱɫԵЩ̬ĳ죬ҲЩץסӵļʣʲôʱλǰ˵ģʱǸʲôӣ

ӵļץʹԼѾȻһλʧ̬ƺеճˣӲͷƤţȥ괺ʱλǰ˵ʱؤֻŸƺ«֮󣬾͸˵Сֵܣҿ棬һǰһţܴͨȫţ²ͽˣбؼһپǮ㣬벻ѧѽ

˵ţӼʱûǮֻ桯Ǿʹؤһ١衯ˣͰϢˣ˵Եģ

ѩһЩ˷ܣ˵ô˵λǰҲģ

ɣӵػӦһ䣬⣬ֻǱҰͻȻƴӡ

ˣЩ˷ܵ˵

ñӱĹأͻȻ⻰׷תͷȥȴֻǸڣЩ֣һۺжһָоǷһԽԽˡ

ӣضҰӡ

ͻȻ

һڵظǺڵ㽥֮ŷ֣ǺӰȻһֻӥ

ֻӥҰʱͻȻݺݵؾеӣǸ֧ŴĹ

ǹ֮Ӷãͳ˳ƣںæ

˷׷һ㶺Ҳæ˳ȥ

ֻ֮ӥͱֽУȶʱܴʱп

ӴһԤӥ±ԼǰЩӥҪǿ㼱æ

һ˹ȥԼѹӥĳ֮ϣܿצӺӥϮ㳯ʷºӰצӰ죡

ʷ·ӦҲץϵһӣڼӼҪѹƲסֻӥ֮ʣҪסӥצϰӣӥצΪҲǿʷ²ӻûϣͱӥצ˵֣Ѫֱ

׼ȥæѩֹ

ѩʷˣҲˣͼƮӺ󣬻ӳһƣһɱġϮӥצ֮Ϻ󣬴ľ֮ʱֻӥצϲ˺öȦ벻ģһٰһᣬŽӥצá

Ȼֻӥצסֻӥĳǳǿ±ȵһλʿľˣ˾ȫǿѹסȻֽסӽ⿪ӥϼᣬʹӥ޷չ裬ŷſ

ͼӥڵϷ󡯵ƺԵúίͷŭ

󣡡

ڴʱԶͻȻҲӥ֮һɫ䣬ֻӥеǿߣֻǿĴӥҪٻӥǾ鷳ˣ

˵ţ·͵ظǵֻӥͷ֮ĿڣƱһ˻֮󣬾ͷɱ

ӻﱧӥ󣬼ҲһƱƺӦ˵Ľһٿ񱼣һɽ¼ʻȥ



PSǰ½ڻһЩϸСĸĶӰ£ֵܽǣƱͶӰɣڵƱȻǧС

ǱԨ ʮһ ӥ

ʵӳǴԣҲֻǱԿ̬ȣָܹҵӥ

ֻû뵽ĺܺá

ڳǱʱƱԳˣȺʷ¿ΧĻʱ̧ͷ죬һֻӥջ˲ӥͷ

ˣҰͣʱӾһֱڰֻӥķй켣

շĿĵһɽ֮ʱŷĵҰտȻ󻺳ʱ䣬Ϊ˵ȴõʱץֻӥ

û뵽ǣɹˣ

ץסֻӥֱص֮˷һϣ޷һֻʵǿӥûǾ

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һоһ֣˵һ죬ץֻǿӥҲӰץһֻû뵽ӾȻӦˣ˷ܵʧһϡ

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һ뵽ڱɯߺ룬ʱԼΪʲôûнأҲ͸šӦҲѽˡ

һɯ˼һҲʧˡ

صѩظ֮ͰԼؽ˷ȻһţˮۿлҲ֪

Ǹ滭һλŷˣһٱĶȴԵˣʧȥİĶڽ

⸱ѩʱĸ׵Ψһһʦ󣬾Ϳʼ£ĴѰҸ׵䣬ʼûҵ

µһ֣һֱ𾴣û֪֮еǷݱѹֵú˼ʱΪĸԶģһưܵļʱĺ;

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ǣŲ£˵ıӰʼӡУԶĨȥ

һֱҪ֪ĸôĸԶߣΪʲôһֱ֪׵ȥ

ֻѰ˶꣬Ļ֮£֪Լ޷ʵԸʶྸ֪ѣྸս£ྸҲұϵͳ鸸׵䡣

ôʼûи׵һϢ

ǽ죬ȻһλϢȻȷǸؤǲҪҵλףλؤҲΪҲǺӡ֮еĸʮֵơԣԸλؤĸף

Ȼ

λµһ֣ѩȴ֪λֻ˵һԣȴѹ˶£ϣ⡣

⵽ϲǱ



һ磬ոʱˡ

ȵط֣ԼƺûôˣΪʲôأ

Ȳش·򵥵ϴһ֮󣬾ܳţլӵס

ûǾںҹʱͻȻо룬ҲǾһʱоһЩ˯һ

ʱ򣬲𴲣ֵܣûۣ

˻˯е飬ˣҲͻæױ磬Ϳʼˮˮϴʱȥš

ϴ֮󣬸оö֮ʹ˽ϵܣʲôʱȥץӥѽ

ŶҰֻӥѱ˵ɣӵӦһ󣬾ͳųԱߵһշȥæϡ

Ǽֻֻ֮ӥ˩һϣûŴʱֵúףԵúܰһֱͦ߰壬ӽʱϬӥصӡ

ֻӥëΪϰ䣬ȼë䣬ͷӴëΪѩף൱䣬Ӻϲ

ϲϲ취ѱУԽҪľǰӥˡ

Ҫڰӥ֮ǰǵһЩ׼ǡ

Ӱ˹ԻЩгõֻӥѾ˴ˣԿιʳ᲻ԡ

ӿûָֻ߰ӥֻһͻϵ⣬һ˹ȥʱֻӥȻмƫͷȥһۡ

صϵܣʲô

ӥ

ʲôǰӥ

ӥҪ飬壬оȥҰѱҡ

ֻӥʱʼǷȥ˺˩ϵ˵ûȻһֻӥҲϵģΪеߣĽ

ֻͦӥ˵ͷӵĻΪȻ

ȻҪӥ͵øʱӴľ

ȥүһ˵ԼʱȥãȻʷȥ԰տƱҪƱˡ

һ֮󣬼İӥʽʼˡ

Ӹһ߹ۿѧϰӥҪ֮󣬾һֱֻӥ

ֻӥǿҪӥǱȽǿģͶҲܸߣӴȶϸ죬ôǲƣԾֻһͿʼƾܹѱֻӥ

һ죬ӥһ㶼ӣӶʱӥдűĺͲмȻ̧Ǹ߰ͷ­ͦ

ڶһ磬Ħ۾һգգӥţգɯҲܹڿӡ

Ȼӥӥǳ˲м֮ɫ࣡

죬ˣ֪ӿ϶ӥڶӣɯȴˣųԵĺˮڸιе⡣

ʼû뿪ֻӥԿοͽӹιԶû뵽Ȼͺ˳ӵιԵĺˮɯеСۣͶιԶʱʱʳӳԡ

ƣ㵱ι



PSղءƼƱ

ǱԨ ʮ 

ӵ˿Ҷֻӥɣ̶뿪ֻӥһ仯ӷ֣ӥȷʵǿ븶У

ʱӵ۾ѾʼѪ˿

ֻӥˣȻǿ֮ʣӥеıĲмѾʼڽʧȴԲһۡ

죬ӵ۾Щ졣

ʱ䣬ѩҲͿͿүҲ̲סܹһֻӥϾͿү䣬ȴѩֹˣȰ֮£ү̾˿뿪ˡ

Ϳ벻ͨ⺢ӺúõĲ䣬ŪֻӥʲôҪ֪ɥ־ӵؿӣҲ̾뿪ˣ

죬ӥڿʼӦˣѾˣӵҲûֲмʱᳯ⿴ۣסˡ

ɯ⼸ӾЩήҵӣЩۣ֪ΪʲôԼۡ

ͣҪټȥˣ˵ڣΪʲôأ

죬ӥѾʧȥɣӵ֮УȻһ˿ηݸʱܻ̲ס࿴ۣȴʼû˺ʳ

ڲ⼸ҲãѰɿ˵⺢ӷ˷裬һֻӥȥ

Ǻڲһ֮£ûеӷ𣬻ʷµܽͣûбƻӵŬͰ׷ˡ

ڰ磬ϰߵذùݵӥߵʱֻӥ͵صͷӥ˺˿⣬һͷȥ

ľûзӦʱֻӥֵͷ˺һ̳

ɹˣøֻӥڿϳԶˣ˷ܵؽһ

ȴüͷ

ɴ۾ӸֻӥιʳĽһ뵽ӴӦҲ׽һֻ˷

Ӹӥι˺ü⣬ȫԱ֮ƤҲʼڴ˵ӽ־ͽ衭

ӥƺһ㣬͵۾ؿһ֮󣬿뼫ˣͻر۾˯˹ȥƾô͸ûзӦ

ֻӥѾȫӣڳɹرѱˡ

ڳɹһ󲽰̾˿˯ȥġ衯⿪ӥϵдϵᡣ

ʲôгɹһѽ⻰Եúɻ

Ӵ͵һӥĹͷǹȥˣҲʾ˳ǽѵãǻߵġ

ô鷳һ

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˵

㻹Ҫӥʲô𣿡Ӹоеۣȥ˯һ

⻰ȻѹѾţ׷˳ƴеǵģҲҪһֻӥұ֤ܰѱãϵܡ磬ϴʲôʱȥ׽Ұӥ

ӳʱɯŸӣˮʳ֮ԵĶɯӳţ΢΢һ֮¶ϲɹ

ţӵͷȵȥ˯һ

ɯվԭأ߹ͻȻеʧ䡣

ʱƺʲôͻȻתϹһ΢Ц˵⼸죬ллչˣˣ˵󣬾ͻ˷

⻰ɯͻȻоеʧһɨգ֮һɿĺСȡӣɵɵվԭأڻζţں˼š



һ˯֮Ѿʱˡ

˴֮󣬾ͼǰţ˫ֳ°ͣڴ

ϷŷˣӦöˡ

ߵߣҲûо飬Ͷ׷ų

Ǿ飬󣬼ڳԷæеүѾˣūȥһ°ɣ

ˣӾţܿͳԸ뱥Ժһˮžˣ󣬾͵飬ʰһ¾ȥ˯ɣ

ţʰ˳ȥ

壬оˣͳڵӡ

ʷӽݣͣүƱѾιˣ軹˯ûѹҪȥ𣿡

ʱȲãɣҳȥߣӵͷҲû˵ʲôֳš

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ѽڱ˼װ

֪ǰĸڹĺòãУйλĸصû۸ǷͿ˵ϲΣʶǰĹҪڹĻôӦòٱ۸Ǹνġסֻأڱ̣



ͬʱѩķС

ѩǰǰһֽűʣȴʼ޷ʣ֪ԼдЩʲô

գãֽдͿ˧ӣȰ꣬ϳɡԸĮ¹ϣšɿãɯ졣

ͿϼԪޣʦΪϥһΪ书ƽƽƲӣڹȡ

ݽӶˣһţѧгɣĪһǲţ˫ȫĻı죬ᡢڽоٶıͿϡΪǣнĪüƣ桢塢ϱͿԷ֣ǰ֮ģȶƽ⣬԰ġ

д֮ѩֽۺãװһŵ֮Уߵһȥڵ촫ﾩʦ󣡡

ǣƬ̺󣬺ڰ֮дһƮ֮󣬾ҲûϢ

ǱԨ ʮ ҹ

ҹ£š

ݳԪջУҹĳͷе谵ĵƹ͸

뾲ǰһ龫ۡСº͵壬ǹһ˿ϷЦ⣬ӢΡ

ڽĽһô˿̰۾Լ̫Ѩƺһֱ˼ĳֵܼ⣬ǿ˵ѩλӿܵݣסͿôˣǵҪʲôɽˮҲиʱѽһֱȥһļƻнչ

ŷһЦǿһתͻؾͲˣȻ岻ضǣҲüչҪ뿪ģͿҳǵֻʱ䳤⣬ֻǴ̽ʵѣҪ֪һˮһͰˮҲܿٱ峺עʮͰˮͲ峺ˣһػˮڻˮ֮Уг͸ʱҪ̴㣬ЩС򣡡

һÿһг񡢲㳲ĵȻ飬̬Ҳƽ࣬Уλ͵ţһλѧţʮѾ弶ʦǰ;

ǰλΪ֮ĿʮͣѴʦľ磬ĳɾͣУ˳ңҲǶһģܱȡ

ȻοǣСǶı̸ֹ꣬Ϊ˴֮磬ǳ죬أͬ޷ɱȡ

һипˣγҲˣͿѹͷһӣʷ¾Ҫλϸдʹ԰ݵλڴƱһӵĽʱ

ֿ£̫֮Ϳǳ²ӣǲָܽλУྸ±ȨƶϡĴ϶λ֣֮жྸΰգ춯ֶǻʵ۱Ը⿴£

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һ⻰󣬻ĿͻȻһ⣬Ž˼ǣֿöӣͿྸѣ

ֿòͿԪྸҳϣྸͿҵΣôͿҵȥǾͱΪˣƺ뵽ĳ˼£ͻȻЦ

˭ȥѻ𣿡һ˵Ĺؼ

Цţ˵֣Ϳӣ

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һЦȻƣǸСӵԹ֮ӵɳ׳һƷֻ˭أ

ϸ룬ȴüţƺе㲻ԣﲻأվض岽

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ͿҵķӦƺе̫ƽˣţƺʶʲôͻȻԳһЦ壬ҵ͹Ϳݵĵ̣



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ʱͿ˽һŽͿԪޡ

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ͿԪ룬дŸ壬϶˽ʿʫд֮УѴһжᣡ

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ͿҲԵʮΣ˵ףȻ֣Ҳ˳ҵ˽һ˵٣ѾͻСҲˣҴ㽫ǽһӣ

ȻҪ㣬Ǿϼӿܣٳ벽ͿԪ޺Ȼ뵽һ£ֵڹǱܵӣҪݾߣ

ѩ֮£δ㣿

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ͿԪ޿Ϳ˵Сӣѩµһ֣һҪ߳һһ֮ͨѵãпվͶȥһ±ս֮ĶƾкôģûУ

Ϳͷˣ

Ϳ뿪֮ͿԪͻȻһ£૵ֿҪˣడ֮飬뱣ͿܶɹΣ



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ǱԨ ʮ 

ﵽݸƷУ쳣𱬣֪ж˻ļѽ

ƷݾƷеֺš

ǰʱڣƷһΪ˼Ĺƣڱ¶պ

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һƣһԻ͵ļ壬һƣȴֻٵ塣

ƷϳߵһƫƧʧޣסٵȻԴԭ֣طҲû䣬ƵˣȴԭЩˣ嵭

Ʒſڣһλ߰Сͯżϣ°ͣһĴ۾ʱؿŹӣƺĳڴĳֺͼž۵Ρ

ʱӿͻȻһ͵ӰӰŶң˿ݣ͵Σȴܹжϳһλˡ

żϵͯӿ͵Ӱ֮ͻȻϲؾվһǸӰȥүү

λ˽ͯĵЦ˵ֶүү𣿡

룬ǳ룡ֶүүļ˵үүΪʲôÿֻŻңеβҪ˺𣿡

ȴֶҪ֪ͼҪسŵүүӦÿﶼүүһֶģ

˵ţ˱źͯƷȥ

үүƷһָ磬̳ˣڻںأǼҵľƽ˺ˣ

Ŷȷʵǹ£

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λ꣬˽ŲͻȻһͣ˵Ȼ

үүǹָ˭ѽ

Ŷһˣ˵ľƿͰˣ˵ţͱźͯ˺á

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ȥ֪ؾܵϳˣһҾƷ֮ҵԻһʱľƷҪһƣԡ

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ҵľƣֻǼܱݳǣȴûһģվҵ밲º˵Ҳ𣿡

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˳ӵָȥԼֶôȰðꡣ

Сͯ˹ص˵ָ磬ôûкѽ

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˵꣬СԴʣµ̳ƻһСƿͳӽСͯʹ߳˾Ʒ

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˵꣬Ӿʹ뿪ˡ

СͯصУ԰˵үүָΪʲôҪأǳ˵㲻ô

˼صţҲǸˣ



ӣžƣ룬ƷаٶʷʹûνġƷ칤գֺŵƣȫеģſȸ嵭Ϳó

ԸԼĽ飬ȻֻһССĹӣǰ𵽵ЧȴԵĲġ

ϳߵʱҪһš

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ͣͣͣһôϤ̨ʣ͵شؤһֹĿǲ˵ǰһţ²ξͽˣһؼңԲԣ



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ؤͻȻһֹŹֵĿ⿴Ӱ죬ŵϷȻǵһСӲǵһ⻰СӸҵô

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ӰѾ̳һؤңͼΪΣ

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͵ͣסŲȻؾ䴫ĶļصҪεȵľִܵĹ

תȥĻؤӰ



衯ѱ֮Ϣ죬ȣָֻ䡣

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ˣҪسŵ

£Ѱ˸ˬӣٴδɯѩˣǳǱĻɽȥ

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ӻַʽ䲶һЩҰӺҰ֮ҵһֱҰӺҰ£ȻѩɽһǿһͲʽûм⣬ʽһŹӵļƨɺһϸӡ

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ˡ衯ȥֻʡ¶ˣӼֻĸ߶ѾɽƽɽϴУѩż

ݣ

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ҲȽϿģߵֻǰֻӥԭһԣã

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һɵˣÿҪ޳ˣ



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ˣСԵŮȽϿɰɯС죬һȣ񱼡

ԶԶؽ˦ں棬ܵеˣҲȺ˸ԽԽƾʲôŮӾͲӥ

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һɲǣתֻԶһλһƥޱϵӢ꣬ĮһֳֹһѸٵشϣһͬ顭



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ϣһ߾ߵѪеʬ壬ѪȾΧĲݵأֻʣƥĹԾԭأԱ߸ɾӲݡ

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ʵϣɯкøУֻǶ֮ԣͺǵѶԴ

ǵŮ˱ǿֻ棬ֲԹͷѸٵ˳𾪵ط֣ⲻΪһعɱ־еıܣвıӰ

Ϳʱ׶Щʲôĳʹ龰ޱȵޣݱһֱܣӵͷ֮УΪʲôûЩ龰档

գ˼Щ䣬õһۣǸνĸǿ֮ͿӣͿӳһֱһֱȺĻҲ飬ʹоһӰŮ˱ǿģĳһֲңǿĳ

뵽Щ̾˿֪ЩԹһй֮ͷͲӰˡ

죬ӣٱЩͷӰ죬ȥЩˣҲֻйԹƷ

ƱСܵúУҲҲûдߴһӽתɯֹӣֻǶõлˣҲ֣ѩͬҲֵģµһ֣˵ģװɣ

ɯдȣ˵ѩ֪Ϊʲô

ѩֻǿʵսԵо飬дӦˣ˶ѣӵܵСίһξѵֵõģ

𣿡ɯɵӵƺ֮пǲǰοĻԣȻһ̶ƽ޲ˮκεĲ

ֻǣһʱ񣬻ĶϬļŮоһСݵͷԽ˼룬ŮоֻСܣʼıײ



һ˼ִݳ֮˻Ұ֮Умҵһ㣬ʻ

ھǼ߱Ұʬ֮ʣһ˼æʻһ֮£ɫ䣬׷̽

һλӢ꣬ɫؿǼʬ塣

ǲ֮̽үүĸϵֵǮȫһգмү߻һţүĿ

˵ţһⱻѪݵεžͽӢС

ϸ۲żֻδٵҲûбĺۼɫ΢΢ɳһЩҲûпǷţǾĿĴ

ʱһ̽棺үǱ߲ݶһŮ˵ʬǱǿ*ɱģү

Ӣϴʱ죬ڳ˼˭˸ɵģǿˣ

ҡҡͷúΣ˭֪ؾ޶˭֪ǰǮŵ·˭Ұ֮ذɱǽǮƣʱǰӦ֮ǰôһʱڣ˭й¶ҵļƻ

үЩ˵ʬôãһʱ˹Ѱʣ˼

ڵʬͻݣ˵ľ͵˰ɣʬʱηʲô˿

Щ˰үǱҼɱģһʺλã˵ǲһˣеһֻǸֻ֣үϣмȭϮĺۼү»йɧӦһɱģ

Ƿһɱôô˵Էһ֪ҪϣȼߵˣȻ󡭡

һԺѵͿң

ԲܣͿôıƺǿ*ɱ˵飬ǷΪҪŻڣǮˣͿҵˣôӵǷҪţ˭˼ÿһɵ˺£ԼߵһһʼŲ顭

ݵݵ·;ʱ䣬ǰϢй¶Ļôǰü˼ͻȻ̧ͷбһž⣬ǰôʱԼʱļƻһԼᣬѵ

һĻ¶ܹƶϸ׼ȷ˼ܣȴǴеˣеһͽĵų⣬ȴɵԼߵϡ

£ƶֻһССµɺϰˣټ֮±˶˵ֽţôдɺϣʹλǹ˵˼άʼΪӵĲȥ˼϶һԵıж

ôֻ֪򼸸˼ɫɱ֮ȴƻݲжټǷҪż

ƫƫµɺϣ˼ά޷λɵϣô֪ЩӷйԹɯӶԵоƷ



Ȼ㱼ǰŸλֵܽǵģƱͶɣ⣬лѡĴּ֧飡

ǱԨ ʮ żƿ

ʱڵ̹ǣһɹ紵˾ۡ

ȻһͿõ¶УȴȻһ̿಻ϵš

λߣһλԴһ꣬ͬη䣬ڸظϰͿϾȭĹ

λ꣬ӣʷ¡

ǰһΪ̫Ƶ;һֱûеõõķɣչʼջӻ

ϢһЩ֮ӵľڴﵽһֶ״̬£ʼǿȣʹĹǰҪԿࡣ

ӵĹѾﵽ˰˼ʿĶ壬׳ĹЧûά֣ʹѾ˺ˮٲѾһıȴûڵԭжϹ

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꣡

ϵıܲɾϮĿʼѷ飬ȭϮλãγһıмˮУˮ

ˮӵϺһȻηֺ䣬Ǵһ

ͨ

ʱǺеı֮һνһ˻ӵӰȴѾʧ

ˮ̹ǣ·Ҫ͸ĹͷҧסֺϮϢһǱºס

˺֮󣬺׵ˮҪˮҪ߳࣬Ҳرı䣬ӴӦ¶֮󣬱㿪ʼˮȭ⹦

ʵӻʮϲģΪ׵ˮѹҪ߳ܶ࣬൱ѹĺü

ѹҲ൱ǰѵܵʱҲһЩ֮У֮ס׳ǰҶ֮ͬ

֮ĺôȴҪҪ࣬ġϢںѹ£Ϣ£ҲСȵʹ׵ʱһЩҺˮ֮дӣëЩӺҲʹʵõõĸƣûеĺô

ԣڼԼĽƤĤЧȻһõʽ

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ˮÿһȭܻһ̷õȴǡôǺˮУڽӿʱὥγһϴУʹıѣмɽ濴׳ۡ

ѡ׳ʽҪΪ˶ͿϾȭûжǲֱڣԵǲֵĽƤĤڴ󸱶֮ʱȫĽƤĤҲֶ֮ʽڼš

ܸо˻Ҫټǿǲλ֮⣬ȫʵѾﵽ˵ھżĻ򣬶ھҪǱĲλܹ֮ƥ䣬Ͻȡ

ں˼ִ֮һסȭоϢļʱѵһ㣬һСʽڵһӺϸٳˮ棬Ϊһˮں֮ϴڳҵһԷž㣬͵һȭӳ

¡

һȭǻںߵһʯɽϣʱֻʯɽʼʯһȭӡ

ЧžͬʱҲںѹ׳ԵʣϵĽҲⲻͬǿѹͷţʮ־ҡ

һɹľʹӵϴӶʱоһʼȫĴӿȥһëٴſ̹ǣȴˬķ·ھ֮ϡ

֪Ĺڴ˿һﵽ˵ھŲ㣡

Ƿһʱ֮ǿ֮ЧֻӥԷģϸһӴʱĻǺܿĵġ

ֻĹȥһȽҪ⣬ǾǴﵽżʿĲ֮һʿԣһǳҪƿ׶ΣҲǷ򽫽ƤĤͻƿΪʦһҪؿ

׳֮Ĳӻע⵽һʽټѾû̫Чˣڶ֮û̫ռ䣬ͿϾȭ͡ҪͻƾżʿҪؿи֮⣬ֻʱֲ̫ˡ

ҲǡǡǡͿ侭롶侭Щ侭дڵ㡣

侭ȷʵҲи֮޷ģǶǰڵĻǽϿģһٶȣҪؿͻ֮ϣԵЩˣͿҲڡʦͣʮ޷ͻˡ

룬ºһ顮׳֮ܵʷ¸ǰʷµĸ£Ϳʽȭ⡯һʽһӷ֣Ȼ˵ھżʿĲֹ֮ЧԴ

Ҫʱֲô

ǲܵģ

𲽾ͱȽ˷ʱ䣬ƽζ⹦Ϊι̵ĻôĿôô

ȻˡǾѾֿˣڵġٴγ忪Ѩϵǣôżʿƿ᲻ӭж⣿

漴ҡҡͷϴ˷Ѵġֻ忪ŸѨϵſǵ¼˺óʱ䣬ڻһʱЧóȻ飬ڼ˷ԴǾǿЧã˿ҺӣҪ֪ÿۼЩףô˷ѡ

ϴǴһǰλѧʦսС˻ָģϵʱ䵹ᳵ·һȴӲ˷ڵġȥЩĵʵ飬š˻ָǾǲݱСɱﵡ

Ǿų⣬Ҫʱͻƾżʿﵽʦľ磬ôֻиһˡ

ü˼һתͷÿұһֻ׳ͨиŬɹѱӥ

ͻȻһ뵽һ£ٿʱȴ˫۷Ź⣬첽ӭȥ

ǴӵģãͻȻ˫۷ŹؿıóһĹ䲻˸飬ƨɽ˽

ʲô

ǱԨ ʮ ѩʽ

ӰץֻӥȻѾѱѱԺôѵʲôһͷˮˡ

ÿӽֱϵֻӥ֮֮ȥӥֹɣǲ֪ĿĺڣȴüΪĽ񫡣

Ϊʲôܹӥô񣬶ѱֻӥȴÿүһҪź⼸Ȼʼʳ˵鲻ʱȻôŪƷǳžȡ㾭

ʱ˫۷̹سͻС⡯ô¡

һı

һֱȻ۾ôӥҧҧ¾ˣ

뵽Ͼ͹˳ݣӭǰȥѽӾҰ

ֵܺѽ

ǰȥֱֻӥӴëֻӥȻϬ۾䱸صӣȴûǷӵ֡

ɴ۾ӣô㣿

ϲϢȻңӵһЦȻһ֣һ衯󣬾ڰ֮л˸ǡOKһơ

󣡡

ֻһһڵ㼲ٳﻬһĹ򣬡衯ڰȦͻ䵽ӵֱ֮ϣȻһë䱸صһۣԵ񿥣䲻

ô˧Ľ۷죬еصӣңҵġҲġ衯һܹͨأ

ûд𻰣Ǵġ

ļ˵Уҵġȴôԣ˯ôûӦôѽҸôѵѽӣͽ̽

һΪѵصĹͻƣ˵һ׽СѩĹʮ˵ãϧԵһѽ

ҲǴˣôӵ˼룺СӾȻñүܣƹҲǶһˣ

ӿһΪѵӣ衯Ӵë衯ñһһһ̧ȥɣ

衯õָʾһӳ򣬾ͷգֻܿʣһСڵ㡣

Ҳתȥ

ļתۿ˿ֱϵֻġһҧ׷ȥǡѩѩڣٽ̱ˣͬ⣬ѣ˽½ġѩʽ֪ģ

ĿĴﵽֻת˹Ц⻹࣬߰ɣ˵ţһһȥ

£첽ȥ˾ͽӡ



һʱ֮ǼӵźܿͱˣֻһЦеӹؾ˳

ӵϣҲһԾԾԵı顣

ڳ֮󣬸סιʳԲ̫ڣҲ̫һı̫˷˵ǼʳӥϲԵģ㰴ҽķѵʱ򣬿õЩʳ˷ܶȣƽʱ飬㻹鷳ЩγһϰߣӥĿҰԶȻ߿֮ϣ㽫ЩķӦγһֱܹ֮ʱھ鵽ٻȵ㽫ѵ֮󣬾˾Ǹʲôģ÷ҵġ衯ҲǺ£

С͵ͷԵʮ˷ܣȲؿʼѵ뵽һ⣬ʵӣġ衯ǴҵĸȽһѽ

ϻȻǴˣûػ˾֮󣬵Уһӥͳˣȵҵʱ򣬾ͱ֣ʱڣҲȥǵĻ͵ķϰ꣬÷Сӥ

಻ĸôȵ

ΪŮСأӵǹģӥǣ˵ЩöסҪ֪ϲķܿ˥ģ𣿡

һ⻰ɫصصͷ

ָһЩϸϵĶŴ뿪

һ뵽ǡѩ֮ġѩʽ֮оԵʮܣԺϸζһֹȻǸȫҪͿϾȭǡһʽҪ

⡮ѩʽţȫܹͻƾżʿƿһٽ롮ʦľ硣

ЩȲȵҪʼ־ĹӰʷ½˹ȻȥУʷԼȴ֮ǡѩʽ

ȻӲ֪ġѩ򡯵ʲôǡѩ֮еȴºеĶŹѩлоһ⹦һױȽϾ似ȭ

ѩʽ⹦еľ֣һֻʽÿһʽмʮֱ仯

Ӿӣ³ಲأ˫ڽȭ֮ǰ죬ȻһԲĶ

ǡѩʽ֮ʽĵһֱ仯ᾢνеڶֱ֣֡һֱ仯

ʽļʮֱ仯ӺԵظܵ˼ظȲλͺƤĤ˺һ㣬ʹ̡

־Ϊᶨּʹ֮ʱֿʼڶʽġתʽӵһ仯ʼ

ڴתʽǰֱ仯ƤĤ˺ѵʹ𲽼ᣬȴǽϵʹ־ʼ޷־ҵʹ

ʵʹòˣӵĶͷʼϵðаֹ̾Ȼȴü˷ʽŰ˵Ĺ

ֲͣĹһǾ⺰

ʷչæ˽ȥһЩֵƣϵıԵüΪʹ࣬үôˣ

ңңȫľң죡˵֮͵شһתʽһ仯

ʷһүȻôµ֣ǲɵʷ±ȭͷᾢһүСľ͵ˣ

飡飡飡

ʷµȭͷ֮£Ÿоʹ滺࣬ʷµĴ֮£ڽתʽļʮֱ仯ꡣ

ʽǡʽһֱ仯ʱǰЩʹʧˣȴһķεĸоȫӺ޲뽫ԼƤ˺

ʽͻƿΨһҲҪ֣ʷȫľͬʱȻٻȭΪƾʼϻĦһķ̵ʹ

ÿһᣬĦһᣬסѩʽ󣬾͸оͺ񱻶ʹһһʱʹ˳ȥֵķš

(ǧϣ㱼ղǵĸƣƼƱղأ)

ӿ ʮһ 

ѩһ⹦֮ƹľ侭Ҫ࣬Ҳʮȫ档

öѧѩ£˵ǵʲֹô꣬ٲãҲܽ롮ʦˡ

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һƹѩ֮ҲġѩʽöΪʲôһֱûͻơ

Ȳ˵ǡѩʽѶϵ̫󣬾Ĺд̵ּ˺ĵʹѷεͲһܹܵġ

ֻ־Ϊᶨˣͦǡѩʽļʹ࣡

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ڿʼ⡮ѩʽ֮󣬲ᣡ

ֻ˶ˡ

һƣۡ

ָоǴӵɽһ죬ű̳һ

˰ʱӶǿʷ²ŲŻص˸УԷʱҪιԡ

ڳԹʷ¸ȫͿһ顮ѩҺ֮ϵƣ۵ĸоŻࡣ

֪ƣۻٺúϢһĹԻһȵֻҪַʽһֱֵȥžͻʿһƿ롮ʦľ硣

һֱμסλؤ֮Լһ죬ɽ֮ᡣ



Ӵڸв£ɹʱȴѾǲһݱҵս

ӦӰӥ;ɱõǮƺżӶõϵܼƻɺϡڲ߻ҵսĹУʽȱڣ貹һֽ˳ʵʩ

ؼʱ̵Ĺؿ֮ϣн˽ҪʽȱڣӶʹݵҵֳһĶϲ㡣

ͿҵķҲһʽչ

ͿϼУһЩûѧ츳ӵܣὫɾӪ͵˲ţ·ŵͿϾӪĲҵ֮

ͿͿλͿӵܣڶྭӪ˲֮ӱٮٮߣȻǵѧɾʿľ磬ҵӪϣЩͿϼУҫ۵ǣû˻ǵͶǡ

ϾͿΪһϵ壬Ҫڱ棬ҲҪҵӪṩ裬ԹͿϽҵӪͿ֧

ֻۺǿĲϣķչŲܵƣΪͿϵȱǶͿһΪ֮һĸ

Ϳһ͵ľӪ˲ţΪӪڴͿϲҵϣûгֹʲôĹͿλؽȡ͵ģðգҲʹͿڶ֮ж˫ϱں

ǰʱ򣬵ͿͿ鲼ܱ߸ҵϴ̲ҵ֮󣬶˸Իؼ֮ȴͬʱڼյһûż

Ϳʱˣû֪ʲôʱͽģ˭͵ģҲûô⣬ЩʱٿԾͽŸȴˡ

ͬͿǣͿǸ˼ϸµˣؼң֮󣬵Ͳ˿

û뵽һ֮£ͿһסˣҹϵͿļУ¸ͿͿһ£뵽ǷûпţǾó˿ŵݴƣϸȴΪͬ

Ҳ˲˼˭ôҪżͿͿһδۣᵽıһЩδŵĴһҹڵڶѸٵȷʵʩ

ڽϵʽȱڳֶϲ㣬زôһ֮УͿͿ׼ʱץסᣬǿƳͿϼݵǿֻʱ䣬ͽͿЩ̲ע˴ʽܱ߲ҵһٻС

һýЩעʺֱͿ϶ȥĲҵʧ޴˷۱ͺñõһͣڻûüʱȴ̽˶ӣֱ֪



Ԫջ

ͿͿ˸Ưķ̣˽ϳʹһʼףʱ򣬽һԴͽһȴͬʱİ𣬽˸顣

һõͷŭڣףֱɱˣ

Ψнһֱϣ鿴ƽ֮˸ַŭ߳ܣôҲ޷εùȥġ

֮УǷŭ𡢳ȶؽ֯һʹͿϻһ֣شϣȴʹĵףʹ֮С

ϷͿϲҵҵ߻һƶ˵޷죬ҲѾյġ

ǣؿ֮ϣһƬ֮ʱȴʽȱڡŻؼңýүӻһǮԲȱڡ

β߻ɹͿҵһǰδеشпܻӦһ겻

Ȼ

вƣôû뵽үӲ֪ĸĲУΪ˶ĿȻһǮҸûмɸԱ߱

һɽˮ̬ݸϵݣһ·ϲûгʲôգ˵˳

ǽû뵽㵽Ӵŵݵʱ䣬ǰȥӦʱ򣬵ȺģȴǼ߱ʬ壬ȴһֱûв鵽κε

ǱʾȼǮٵһ𣬽֪½ô˳ٴǮʱѾˡ

ھŬزȣˡ

һʱ֪Ϳǳϲ㲢ǿƳһ̣֪ȥηѾ˼Ĳ֣׵ĸ֮ˡ

֮Ҵȥģһصľ޶ʧ

̲Ϳܱ߲ҵ֮ͶʽǧǿݾӪŲľ޶ʽ𣬶ӮĲҵϴճȫͶ룬ӴͿϲҵ̲ʱȴǳһӵȱڡ

һӵȱڣȴҪ

Ҳ˵̲ƻĲֵУʧ˸ߴǧʮǿ൱ʽûʽ𣬽ҾӪһ󲿷ֲҵ޷תΣ

ʱ˳룬Ǻ֪

Ȼһʮɵӣڽǳ籩ƻûƽϢʱֻʱġǾ֮ʵ̲סϵƣۣͷ硭



(µһ£Ÿ£ϿҲһ㣬£)

ӿ ʮ Ϣ

Ϻһѩ׷һҹ֮ͻװ

˷ϲ¾ˬģ·ҲȺġ

Ϳүһҹû˯ãδ˿Ĺˣ뵽ϼͷŭүӾһüɫ衣

ˬ죬񫰡

Ϳһ̵˽϶ǧϵĴʮֳʹģýѪ޹顣

Ϳ뽭ֹҵӪϣеƺ⣬½ϺͿϱȻᶷһѪɺӡ

νʧ˴ʽ𣬲ҵתӪΣ뱣סҪ֧ҵӰ죬ͱȻҪܱߵĲҵ˧

ͿͿҵӪ˲ţȻǲŹôһʹˮĺʱ˫˫ϵУͿүӻ㱨⼸սнһʵʩԽϲҵķ

ͿԪΪͿϵļȻҵӪ֮Ĳֶ࣬Ǻܿ϶ģͿͿϸķƻ֮ͿԪ޵İӦ˴£öֶȥ

ͿͿ뿪ʱͿͻȻǷصżǱүᵽ£˵ζԽϵķƻǷҲԼʾܹһٻϵıܹǷžӹΰ

ͿԪϢ֮˼Ͷһ뵽˾һֱסڸϵѩѩͨξԣҵӪϤܸͿ澫ĹԷܿѩͱųˡ

˼ȥͿϼҵ۹ˣͿͿˣ˶Ǳƽƽ̫пܡ

ôصţ˭أΪʲôҪͿϵȴԸأ

ʣͿͿͿԪ޵Уʼնһδ֮գ

˵ǳںĿģͿ뽭ҵ֮дȫʤ˵˲Ϳϵĵˣһ뵽ˣͿүоͿοࡣ

һ磬Ϳүû˯⣬Ϳ򸾺͸еܼҺƽʱɽ¶ˮ½ܼңԸ¼ӷǮÿһ׹£ɹϲãүʼ׼ͿһһĻȵϢʹͿ

Ը£Ϳүãڸתתأ˶Ժ

Ժſڣ׼ֱһֻӥͿԪ޾Цʵүոйÿɺã

ͿԪޣΪĿͲͷ֪ԼݣǱͿүӷˣͿЩʱգúܿģ

ͿԪ룬ûж̸£˼֮뿪Ž˶Ժ

ŽԺͼɯվڲլſڣѾ˵Цģⶼ̸ӡ

ɯĵʱתͷȻͿүӾȻվһ죬Щֲֹ̿ͣ죬ͿԪ

ͿԪɯͷʵ飬ӽȥã

ǣүʹȥã

ͿԪֻع;ȥˣοͷ

ʱѩլ˳ͿԪޣ΢΢ͷ˹

ͿԪ΢΢񣬵ѩո񷱶࣬Ϸһֱδ̽ѩ£

Ϳǰؿѩ߶ŹЩʱˣһ»ҪͿǰ˵ѩҪؾǣ

ͿԪæͿдʲô֮ѩΪ˼ڻؾ

ͿǰˣЩʱգЩѾ׵ѵأ·࣬ӼиĸԵöؾ

ͿԪ޵ˣϷҲǿֻٹʮգͿһһĻҲУܵϯϷЩź

ʵѩͽͿϼ״һǴȿνġ

ʱɯȴЩҪʮգȿٻؾɣסһˣҲʮգ

ѩܲɯǵСŮ˼ȴȻҡͷؾʱѾ֪ͨ㸸ĸףģʲôδ꣬͸ϿȥɣǱҪһҲܵ飡

˵꣬ѩͿԪ޵ǰƲУ̸㣬𻰣˵ţһլ

ͿԪ޶һȥһ˶ԺҪ˵˵꣬Ʋլ

լ֮ѩֱԵͿǰˡֱԣĪڳ֮ѾʼͿ˧һЩٴ룬˴ζͿ˧Ϊ»ؾྸ£󾡿ƣ´󽫾⣬вС鷳

ͿԪ޴󾪣кβʾ£

ѩҹ۲콭϶ѾʼЩҲ˰׮Ϳаڹγ֮ϵ鷳ǰǰչжԽͻȻԽãԴϽעŵݣȻЩ鷳Ի⾩ǳ͢һѹмģǰֵܷأ

ͿԪ޳˼Ƭ̣һĨɫϷ֪ôˣɷĻؾ

ѩ̸һ֮ͿԪ޳ţԺͿֱӽһе֪ͨͿϸ֧ϵ֮ǰõɨжǰУǸڹĿǰ

Ϳɫһ˿ȻѾȷɵģһ۲ӣ

ͿԪ޿ɫص¹ϵͿϼİΣнŽᰲʱҪ渾֮ʣǡҪʱмǲҪĴ˵ʲô

ףͿֲ֮󣬾ͱһȡ



ɯɫЩֿʼ˼

ϾҪؾˣԺƺĻˣԺ᲻ȥңһô죬֪ϲϲңΪʲôǲң˼䵭

ɯ㣬ɯ㣿ɯɫȻһֱڷĸ첲е

ɯع񣬿峺񣬲ʣãϲ𣿡

⻰ͻ৵һͺˣϽͷȴǲ

ӿ ʮ Ů֮

ı飬ɯûɵоģҲҲ͵͵ϲɣܹһ𣬻ͬסһӣӦúܿİɣ

Լأ

ԽԽпɬɵȦͺңСѧϰֹ͢ǣһҪѧϰѧϰգϿļͥ£ûֽݵǧƢԣֱ¸ңǫ

Сһͥ£֪ĵѣȨҵӵ׷һ㶼ϲǣǸǫǫӡǰķӭͼǣ׷ǿݣļͥûһĶһѡ

Ȼӣһ棬صˣҲܸܵܵǰԼѿģǶҲˣû׸ƣǱĵͼԼļͥҲ˵ܸǴͻ֣ɽԵӣһĵӣҲӡ

ЩӣĮԸ񱳺һ棬أᣬ¸ңǡ͡ͺ˵һŵ϶УƮ죬ȴȥӽо֪ϲ

áڷʲô

ѵӥɯվ涼ڷСúҲ֪ǳʡ

ɫȻۿӣɫһãʲôˣǲͿСӽˣ

ɯع񣬿̲ס˵磬ˣҪؾ

죿ҲɫȣȴǳôôѵǷʲô£

ӣҲûȥЩӵ飬ѵӹúܿģҲ¶ƣ͵ãھȥɣߣҲĻģ



Ϳá

ȥУʱȫ죬ϵɫԵʮֵʹ̡

ȣ

ʷ¾ڶϰɳһÿǳȭͷӵϣͻῴɫ΢΢һ

ѩʽ쳣ļѣȴȻûзһֱڼţÿĵڶʽġתʽȫʹʷȭͷȫֻŻúùһ㡣

˵ʽġʽʱǼֹҲʷ¸ȭΪƣÿһƴϣȻػ£һӡ

ȴӵʹ࣬Ҳܹɡѩʽһ

һ飬䣬ӸоȫʹҪӦ࣬ʱȫˮʪ

Ϣһᣬ׼ʼеڶʱűãʷܹȥţȴɯɫЩվſڣȦġ

ȳȥɣӿɯı飬֪ԼʲôҪ˵ʷȥȥ

ʷµͷɯȻ͹š

ڹŵһɲǣɯɺ£ҲЩӿ죬ûǵһദ漴һ뵽Ҫ뿪ˣоٴʧ

Ӽɯվſڷ㶣ȥһˮ˺ȥ˵ʲôô

ҡɯ룬ڻҧǰƭ㣬Һ͸綼ƣǡ

֮ȴǵһЦ֪ˣһλүһλ

㣬ô֪ɯЩȣ̧ͷѵǵݣš

ӵʵƽʱ˵ʱʧԳܻ©ǴˣȻͲ²ˣã֪ǵݣͲõ𣿡

⻰ɯеСۣЩ֪첻˵Ժûˣņ̀ͷ˵͵뿪ݣؾǣԺ𣿡

Ȼĸ׾ھǣһȥ֮̽ʣԻȥǵģѣ̹Ȼ˵

һӵݣ˵˸ûʲôλλүȴû˶ʲôƫദͿߵЩͿӵȻ϶ܴܿɫ۹⿴ʵģȻûиıֱ̬

ӵУλѻֵཻģǵݲһ㣬Ϊһִ˶ԣʲôȨ֮ģȻĴ澴η

ɯлϲżк£ãŮ֣ûиʵһѾ̵ͨ졣

Ϊ˵۹⣬ȻǿóǰλŮ˼ڵɯ¶Ů꣬ԺƹȨĵȾУǷ񻹻

£˵ɣӵʱȥУ

֪û˵ɯЩźܻĵ뿪ҡ֪ͨκ˵ġ

Ŷȥ磬ҾͲȥˣһá衯Ϊеģ˵꣬߻

ɯദһ鵭Ȼ糣ûж˵˼еɬվʼӺꡣ

ìܵ˼㣬ԭú֣ΪʵĵȻ뱻ƣҲû˼ıҪˡ

вʣ˵ô֪Լء

¶֮һҧӻȡԼİذףȻתܵǰסǼǿ֣ذ׽˵͸㣬ҵ

ʱĶҪ˳Ͼͺһߺ죬ņ̀ͷϲ㣡

˵֮ת㼲ܳ

Ӿԭأ뿪ֱŮıӰȴһֱڻص¸Ҵ󵨵ıס

ϲ㡭ϲ㡭

ӿ ʮ Թ֮

ѩɯϢ뿪Ϳģû֪ʲôʱ뿪ġ

ӵˡ衯

һҴҵִҴҵˣȴһӡԺеĻ䡣

ºļ죬Ϳ˷⾩λڲ֪뿪Ϳ֮󣬲ſʼЩһ£ʲôˣ

Ϳм֪οˡ

ȻȻŲ²ѩͿĿģҲԸȥЩ£Щ²òĵġ

õ뿪ӵȻֻһλ䣬ȴûмκεĲ

ϰ߹¶ȻÿȻȥϻظŵĵ

ȻѩʽҪʹĴۣÿ쿴ԼĽȻʹȴţ



Ϳж⼸λ͵뿪ͿƵǸˣԴɯͿһۿ֮󣬾Ͷһġ

ȻҲӦ½ʶļλѡ취ɯ׷֣Ͼʮ꣬ûоĥ¶ۣҲ֪ȥɯĻģʹԽԼ

ףΪʲôǸƽʱ˭ͿӣɯܰճλֳҲˣΪʲôǸܹүͿѣȴУΪʲôԼᱻ㣬Ǹ΢ļһȴܵӡ

һɼԹ֮ģλʼ׳ɳ

㣬ζ꣬ʵɧΣм¥ǻƤˣǼζһɺˮһм˲

û¿ڸĴתƣŸЩѾǣȻһйй𣬵ЩѾɫʵһ㣬᲻

Ժ󣬲֪ؾ˱ԺԺԵúɪ壬뵽λѾ̫ĶȻ⼸ƽתֻڴϲܶǲ˵λòС檡

뵽ͿȻͷһ˼£Ͻаͷ׳Ժ󣬴뿪

ֻǲ߼һš֨ѽһ򿪣һӶҩͿүүİɣģ

ǰͿһ㶣ӦһλԼԺĸεЩ֣ôܶˣ

ɫһ˿ţڳбҪæүҩū澾Զ˹ˣ

Ϳ䵹ûжʲôֻǾе֣ĸƽʱйЩӴǷһǣĸ׸ﻹҪô

˺󣬲ߵЩ죬ͿҲųȥȴֻʱһ𣬽ɣ

ͿֻӲͷƤݣֻͿɫʮֲ԰ףڴһǺܿҪӣߵߵ壬ӺЩ𣿡

Ϳɫһ˿Թ䣬ˣǷһ㻹ǵһ̽ģҪ˵ͿͻȻտڲ˵ˣֻ̾һ

үүû𣿡Ϳ˵

϶ûɱҾѾ£ôܻ̽ͿԹʮǿң˵ǶԱĸӣ󣬶ҪǧУ

Ϳ޺޵壬Ѿ˾ǣֻСֻڸУүүܿģ

һͿһֱͿڱԹ

䣬ܲܰһ£ͿֿͿҲԹޣһκ嶼뷨ģ

壬㲻룿ͿһɫЩţ壬һȸˣ̽㡭

˵꣬ͿתߣͿҪӣȥ֣ûôɵ

ѽ

ֻǲߵſڣײһͿһȻͿֵСϣץǰǶʱΪ֮һ

ײͿ仳УҲ˻ᣬ漴һһƿǰϮʱ˸ͨ͸һоȴҲúܴ̼ѾһûгŮ֮Ϳֲ˵ܴįȥػѣ˴Ǵ֮ͿֻңбҪҲٻˣҸˡ

ͿѹתϣģɫˣʩǦһ¡ϸ߳еİ͹£ټǾֺߵģԳķ飬Ϳһ

ȿȡ

ʱһ˿ϷͿ䣬عʶʲôϵǸʹҴ뿪䣬֮ķȴӡԺоþ޷ɢ

һĻڴϵͿֿУֻһĨ֮󣬾תͷһۣʲô£

ߵߣߵүţ˵ĸΣļ٣ү٣̽ү׼

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һŵûæүϢŭֻؼ̽ף

ͿּϷֵүǷˣΪʰС˲ǣ˵˱үĺôٻҪ֪үǣһֻһ򵥣ҵ˼

Ͼ֣Ҳ뿪ͿͷүҲˣ󡭡

ͿִϵĻֵ֮һҪȥ

ϴսͿߣͿֵһһ漴ɫߺ죬үô£Ǳ

ҵĻȥȻٲĺôȫΪᣡͿֺݺݵ˵ﲻЩ뷨ô

ԥƬ̣ͿֻΨΨŵŵصͷӦ漴š

ͿڴϣɫŷŲ԰׵ʱԵŤ



(ƼƱղأ)

ӿ ʮ ҩ

ڱͿϣÿĩʱڶһʢ¡صĻȡһǼͿӵһеѧչҲͨλȣͿӵǵͻԡ

Ļȴ汲ǾͿչͿϵĴͳͿϼӵǶԣҲһĻ

¡صʢǰۿЩоͿϼͥԼԶףݵһЩȨһЩͿϽõ嶼ǰ

Ȳ˵ⳡΣͿӵǶԣܹλлɼһܵ෽ĿһʮַĽν˫ա

ˣͿӵȻ֮ͣԴߡ

λĵصȻͿнУͿΣǰͿʼãټЩһԶһǣԱǶ׷׸ϵݳǣͿϼæõ

ֻʣʱ䣬⼸УãȴΪд󲿷ֶ½ϻӵܡ

ϾͿϹ涨ѧÿٴ¾Ϳѡ񷵻ؼǼãϾͿ֧ϵӴ󣬲סһģӵܴһʱͻؼȥˡ

ҪΪһλޱȺ󲮣ʵЩӵЩ£ԾͽסصɣؼȥˣһЩЩݳǣñȽϽͿӵܣûôˣֻʵش

ںڲϿѹ£õЩͿӵǵչԱȻؼЩҪ࣬⼸Щֵܽǿ̿ȴԸϲǵĽչЩʱһԽУǶλš

ӽ֮ûǡѩʽϾڻصõͿӵܽ϶࣬⹦˷֪ⲻһЩҪ鷳

ʱȽѩʽĽչŻһЩ⼸һֱͿ侭еĵڶ޹ֶ͹ǹ

⡮ֶ͹ǹһǵ޹ҪƤĤһſ

׼ⲿؼԺûͻƾżʿ֮ǰֻÿỨʱⲿһЩȭ൱һϤŵĹ̡

ͻ˾żʿĲκÿ춼ỨһʱСֶ͹ǹĻȭ΢һǿһҲΪͻơʦ֮һʵĻ

ʱʦĽչͻѸٶˡ

ӸԼĿǰ״̬ܽһЧҲǳʡʱƻ衣

ֶ͹ǹȷʵͿϾȭżĲ֮ͬӲŲȭ֮䣬ÿӳһȭơ

ÿһȭܸ֮оȫĴ󲿷ֹƺƤǵ֮ڲָоͺһѶ۵ӣĥʯ֮ϲͣĥ

ĥʯѾлĽ⣬ǲĻһɺصĽⴴˣҲô顣

ҪɵĻ²ڲҽӴֶ͹ǹеһЩεʽ

һʱ䣬ǡֶ͹ǹĶڴÿһȭȭ֮ѾԼ˷â

ַâĻϣȵӵʿ֮ʽֶ͹ǹоĹôַâͻתΪһֶڽĦ֮䣬ʦеġ

ֶ͹ǹֵʱ򣬲ϲһ߹ۿĺڲ

ڲԽԽϲˣСӲƢͶϴûٹͿӵܣÿ춼һȺϵظŲſϳ

һӣӵʿεչܿ죬ڲǿϲĵ׵ģϴγʱΪӵС쾢ԵʣֻǸʿǰȥСӾȻһӱĵ˾ż

ȻŰ

ںڲӿʼֶ͹ǹĻʱȻѾȭʱܴâǳһ

һչ֮󣬺ڲȲȵ˹һǯ

ӵڱڲǯסоͷѲǰǰʹ֪ǵĽֻǼڲ𼱻ǵӣЩɻҪʲô

ٴϤѵһŹӣѿڵڲѵҪɣ

ǵȻڲſָżһѾֹѹ

ƣʵѾܹǰһٰʮ﹭ľֹˣڲȣ֪ڴʲô⣬˹ȥǰѾֹһһᾢ

ֻһ룬ûʱͻȻһΪ¹ҷͽӵ˵ϣһʼûԱʱ˷԰ɣ

Ͱ

ڲһɫͺȹ׻Ҫڣ룺СһⵡģСӹԹԸѧħأ

һ뵽׹Ը̣Ҫ飬Сӵã뾡취СѧСӲǲ񣬵ڲǳƢ㲻ѧһҪ취ѧߣ

ʱСѾͷŸʳſ֮󣬾˽

ڲ鲻ѣһѾ߾Ȼͽãһ˭ģ

ڲŵһһģ㽫ʳдڵϣۼֿ죬һѷס顣

۾ģؿ˺ڲһۣԵЩ£ӵĸ첲үղū澺̫ӣūҲʷ£һᣬ·ˣԾóȻˣ

ţ㲻ú£ڲǳƢ˭װͰ͵ģӽӹʳУ˿ͦʢġ

һ˱ǣڲȻҲЩˣͽԱߵӰ˹ÿζҪظԷ̫ʱ䣬Զͷ˺󣬺ڲȻ

齫ȫڵ֮鵽ȥʷ½׼Щ˳Ƕ˾ֱԣȥˡ

ڲ˱ȽϷʢӺַ£ȥþȥˣӶ׷˿ڣͼЩ˽

ֻ׼͵ʱӱܵͻȻ侯ǲˣζɫеƫϸֱ֮ĳɷݣɫ䡣

һֻʳĻϴӦͻ˻ʷ᲻𾢡ȸãǰơǷۡȻʲôֳɷȴǺơ

ΪʲôڲҩͿң

ʱڲž˹ӵ˺һ룬׼в˳ԣʱ͵ػعվͽƷ



һأڲд˲⣬ȴǳڲﱻҩ

˵ʲôڲſӣһ

ӿ ʮ 

ô֪ﱻҩ

ڲԾ֮࣬ȴǲ̫˵ССͣûѧҽҲûѧҩôƶϳﱻҩ

ңڲ֪Ϳĳÿ˳רų˵ˣûҩһؾ͹ˡ

ԺڲȷʵЩɡ

Ӿ֪ڲʣֻǺģǱˣȻҲĻһ˵ǣϴѩԵʱڻɽһЩҩѩЩҩһЩһֽɢĲϣһרѹɢ֮˵Ľ֮ҪϸҾرˣ

ѩڲҲȥѩ֤˵ѩѾ˾ǡ

ӽͺ󣬺ڲɫΪ¹ش󣬲֪Ϳң㣬һ֤Ѿɺܴ󣬴ʱϸѰʣ

룬鲻̫ܣʱദ黹Ǻ˽ģڲ˵ӵͷڲһʰɣ㷢Ƣ

ڲͷһͷȾƣһ˼

ʱʷ½ѵ˴ڵϣүôˣ

Ӽ鲢ʵŶղŲСҽˣ˵꣬ɫȻ糣ʵ飬㣬ⷹӳֱùģǱ˸͹ȥ͵ģ

ʱɫԵЩ⣬үЩūֱȥȡģūٻȥүȡЩɣ

ȲˣӰڰֵٻسѾûˣ

һӶţ͵үгͣͷһǸүˡС㡢үõģڶֵϵǣֻǵķЩֲڣūٸүҪһɣ

飬㣬ȥʱ򣬳˳ˣûٿȥλˣүү

˸ԺĽ׼ʱȥˣг³´︺֮⣬ūûпλүȥ

͵ķǳֱӴӹʢģѾʢú󽻸ģ

ȻүΪʲôô࣬ʵشүū澴˵ʱ򣬲Ѿڵʢãɳ´˳ŽʳУȻū澲ģ

˭ˣڲ䲻һ䡣

һﳢˣ

һֱǿб⻰ģľѾжϳ¸ûйϵҪ⣬ǳڳ

ʱڲվҲһظϿ˵꣬һѵ

ӳѵ濴һЩ½ԹͿӵǣģжס

ûиڲظȻܹȷǳġ

ξڣ´֪ͿֱˣпܶԹģʵʩͿҲìܣȻҲѲɣЩȻ̫пܻʱҩΪ

յһЩͿ״Ϳв²⣬һǱͿǸڹ̲סҪչжˣΪɻĵطǣΪʲôǸڹֵĵһĿͿ

һӣȻͿӣȴԶûдﵽͿҵĵӵĲ棬Ϊʲô¶ɢԸĿĺڣǻõʲôĺô

˼ά˼£ԼΪ˵һӵĻôҪüֵ

书һ϶ܣ

ͿҵݣӣʹͿԪ쿴УôҲ̫ܡ

ѵ䣿

뵽һ㣬Ӿ⵹ǴпܣϾû֪һʱմԽԭͿӣôλ걾ͶͿĴԹڴĻʹеԹӶγɶͿϵһֳ

˰յһõĻ⽫ǵ˰Ϳ֮еһöʱըԼüֵڰɡ

뵽˵ĳƣҲΪ֮ݣÿµĲ֣Ȼ˵˼Ҳõˡ

ʱڲȥﻹһſڿһ˵ҽ

ӸڲѵڲǹŵǰǹžͳԵúܻʵ

ǳ¹ԼһĹǹͻȻſ˵ϣһ㾫ûС

ڲǰȥǹɫʱȹ׻Ҫڣһ̯һȻ˶

ڣ׵˵ĻղŻظתһȦһûз飬ӵĲȴ쳣˵רµҩ

ѵǸ֪ڸĵڲй˵ķŭͿӵܵΪͨƽƽͿҵĳļ٣޲ð

ò׳˸ţձ鱻峤ǿãΪͿһڲЩһ𣬽ĳɳǿУϲĵ׵ģھȻ˴ݺλƢͱҵеŭ𱻵ȼȼ

ӣȴУҪȥڲߵҴ򿪺˵

ЩĺڲҪ³ç£Щǵڲ

˵ˣҲ³çµģȴգڲƽҺ߳󽻴ʷ鲻ѵһͼظ



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ͿԪϣ˺ڲ֮ɫü¡

Ⱥڲ˵֮ͿԪŭĿһߵͷĬͿһöﰡ֮ܣ֮ܰ

Ϳ˿µף֪ôˣ

֪ͺãͿҪǰԼУҺȥͿҵڣͿԪ޵ɫЩ԰ף˶٣ƺ¶˾ģΪͿڲİȥ֪֧ͨϵƻӽʼʵʩڲϴ

Ը֮ͿԪֵͺһ½ܼң

ʱ½ܼҴúֻһӶͷ֮Ͻ汻һֱ¶ȫݵ̺ۣ˵òԵü£ӺһͿԪǰһַ·ԾĵүкηԸ

ͿԪ޿½ܼҵӣһ˿ˣЩʧԭµһӣ֪ѣøͿӰӵĽ֣һ뵽ʵǼ£оһʹ˺ҧš

úŻع񣬳ԣڲټͽݵİ׮װγǸСظɱ󻼣ϷεҪ϶̵ʱǸñˣ

עһѪɱҵҹ

ĵȴֻһҩ¼򣬿ӸͲܲ뵽Щ¼УװݵһʲôĽɫ

Ϊҩ

ȻǣС¼ֻһ֪ȴıԾõĲж

Ϳͷһֱ˯ͻſ

(籭ĻˣҿǰǵͶƱѽ)

ӿ ʮ 

ҹǳ

¹ѩ̹ǵıһ紵дѪȣ˲ɵû

дʱˣҵĴɿյǳˮ

ʱеʯ̨֮ϣȻҾһѣо䡣

ֻҪǳҹͲϮ

ǳ֮һ˿˿ϸߴӴ͸ӵ֮УȻȴͨǾŸѨϾ·ߣÿһűġǡʱǳ֮ͻһ֣Ȼתһ¿ţһֱһš

ÿѨµⲿǳ֮˹һѭ󣬱㿪ʼ¸֮еǸ׳Ӷͨһɡɡؿʼתھſšǡ֮䡣

ÿšǡռһѨϣͷ·ϵǿգЩ⡢ҫ۵ڵѨңӦÿѨϿʼǳ֮ʱЩܻҫ

ǳѾһʱˣȥǰĳ˷ѴУ˴ġܶȣȴԶǰǰ

Ӷоܽó忪ѨϵġǡԽ࣬ôǳ֮ٶȾͻԽ죬ڵġͻԽ

Ǿ֮мأ֮УÿһھĴޡÿһޡǶʮ˿ǣһСѭͨСѭôڵġͻԴԴϵɣǰ˿˷ѡãӶ½š

ԣڲڳϵ㡮ǡĵһγϵһޡĴʱɹһޡ֮󣬾Ͳ

Ŀǰˡֶ͹ǹ֪ʦšġ޵ǡһĻٱӶԽڴ



õҵ֮ǾʱݳǣͿϼ壬ȴȻһƬѪɱ֡

һͿϼʮ״μڲϴ

һҹͿϼĸ֧ϵԺ֮УйӴܹ¸ͨеļҶѾߡ¡ܼ֮ˣ⵽Ѫȵϴɱ

Ǹ֧ϵеͿӵܣЩнߣ䲢Ҳ⵽˼Ϊļҷã֮жɹ

һĴϴ˶ûԤϵЩйˣҲʼֻŲ

ֻûеȵܣǷųϢ֮ʱѾܵǵĲϣضǵ

ڱͿ֧ϵĸУһҹʮֵĲѪȡ

ͿϼУͿһͿװҲչһϴɨ

ȱԺļЩ˶ڡܼصˣů͵УûзΣʱͱƿţͼµ˳˽Ǹûи׵׷ʲô£Ҳûüͱ䣬ѪĽ

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ʱι»§һλгѾ壬ЦڵΧ鹵ʹһѣѾߴ鵴һۣԳԽЦЦǰ

Ѿ߱ιѹ׼ǹ֮ʱʱͻȻһ߿ι±õ

Ҫתŭ֮ʱȴнλµˣѪܵδüгǱѪܵ৵һ£ιºѾͬʱԴһѪ䵽ǰɴϣȾѪ졭

峤еⳡɱϢ֮нУЩµˣûзκεϢͱ

Ϳ֮УһƬĵأȴԲ֪Ѿ١

ڱԺһƫǵլС

ˮɱȴһƬůЩȣֻзһ̵ͭ̿һɹͭ

ʱͿվڴرߣ˫ֱǰλɴˣ¶˴İ͹µ¡֫޲ǿҵջͿȼ

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ͿͱϵɧŪʵ̬׵ػ𣬼ѹֵԺһֱ֮ȥӰһֱ룬ʲô취ԵõŮ֪֮ŮûеõͿֵ¶󣬶ȻǴį

û뵽û뵽ʱϾһͿȻ֮ͣＱؾ͸

֮ϱɴ壬¶컴⣬ⴺϣɧȼĻ˵ʲô֮ģ¶˵һѽϱڻһ⸧

ȴ֪кü˫۾עһ*Ҹ׵ļ磡



籭ʱ£ֵܽǼ£һң

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˶⼸ձү跹˼֪үɷˣǶ岻˵λ˻ѣⴺįĲ̰˶үֱɷˣԺñүĻְɡ

Ϳʱ˵һЩĻһֻһֱϵػеϣ롭

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ϱͿ˵ڴϣͿ׼ʼһٶ֮ʱͻȻ뵽ͿеʱĽ͵ѹֹͿ䣬үУūһһүϴӦūңūӣ

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ֻϴͿĶ˵˼仰ʹͿȻһһͷˮһ̧ͣͷҪñүɱС֣үӦǣҪүȥؾ¥͵ȡͿ侭㣬ܣ

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˵꣬ϱһͿĲӣһ˫˵ĺ촽ӡĴϣ׵ͿݽС

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Ϳҿ־£·شӴϵ򵽵ĵˣһʱϣǷŹһΰɣ´Ρ

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Ϳŭ𣺡ҲǸϵ֣Ұ֣

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Ϳʱת԰׵Լĵܵܣֵ֣һΪ㼸ΣԼģ飬ɶԵңԵͿңأѵͲ¶ʵ飬ѵͿϼһ𣬾ȥˣкĿͿҵλڣ

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ʱͿֵͫʼɢͿȴ޷ֻ֮תͷͿдһ˿ھΣ˵֣硭Բ𣡡

漴ͿŤ֮УͿֳ׵Ķֻ˫۾ԴͿƺԭ£ȻԼڶǰ



PS÷öᣬûн򣬿еСʧƱҪŶҹӢı¿Ҫҹˡ

ӿ ʮ Ѫϴ

ƼƱղأ



ȥȥǶޡͿѾͿ֣ڲͣȭͷ˺ʬ塣

ͿѾˣһҪ

ͿһʱͻȻתͷֻ˫ͨ죬ȻħǱѪԹص飬ֳ˹ˣ㶼ЩʲôԲҵԲͿңΪҪôһ֣ҲӦȥһһģ

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ʱͿķ·Ѿˣվԭأʧȥ֪һ㡣

Ȼ⴫һ絶һʣˡɱ

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ŻɱǸԲ飬Ҳûκ´λߵͿǰκԥأͻѪܵ

ۿͿ䵹Ѫ֮УͿ˱ˣһģǰһڣ˹ȥ



ѪɱҹͿϽڲϴͬʱݸأҲһģɱ¾ж

ɽͿҵķԴ֮أڽҹһµˣڼλɫ˴֮£һֻֻɫһ㣬Ǳ˿еĸչһɱ¾ж

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¥ԺԭͿϾӪĲҵ⼸ͨͿϵڹﲻϵسΪ˲ɹ֮ҲͿϵ˵鱨ļɢء

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ʱͿԣڲ½ܼңһλͿҰڳξĽ٣šˣһֳϳļΧ˸ˮйͨ

⼸һʮּҵĽս롢һáԪıȼҵӵΧһ񻧵ļС

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ȫûϵͿϻչѸײڶжȫһֲûϵͿеǸڹô籩¶٣ʹҲ¶˳

ʱ뾲УɫȻ֪Щʲô

һض岽ĴѷΪҪ֪ǽҲһ֧ݣֻǿͳսûд̫Ϳϵҹȴ㳲ռƣȻ

˳ĬУЩסĽԪıϴεҵҰܣǾ͸뿪ˣȴҪﲼı񷴱ͿϷư˽ӣΧѵôɡ

죡һԪıĺĺע⵽˽Ŀʹ֮ɫͺֹ˽Ԫı룬»ǲ֮ˣ㲻Ҫ⣬һҴǳȥƴɱӦΪƬʱ䣬㻹ȴӺӰɣ뿪ݣûǼԣȴȫû㣬Ҽҽδϣ㻹ȰϽ߰ɣ

˵ţһתͷԪıڻߣҴ˵󣬼סϧһдۣҲҪڻ뿪ݣһԽҴΪأ£𣿡

һõĸ룬Ԫıͷվ룬߰ɣ

ȴ޶ԣ૵һʲôȥԸ׺үүҵһͿأʹͿҷ˵óѣҽԪˣѩϼ˪һɵشͿϽнĲƣɻûʽչȴ⵽ͿϵȫΧˣҽݾӪֵİ׮һһγٴýܾ޴ʧһкȥԽҰ˵ţۿʪҲЩ

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⻰һ

һصصˣ߰ɣҪôΪװ˵꣬һþʹʣµ˳š

룬߰ɣԪıһ룬س˽һõıӰһۣۿеˮǻ֪һ𣬾ˡ

תɫ۽ǵˮĨаģһ죬ҽ붨Ҫı˳𣬽ͿϸϾɱ뽭ԪıӺŵһͨӵ񻧼ҵĵؽѭʧȥŵķ

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һȭصػؿͬһλõ˿ڣһѪ֮󣬾ߵķݣصײǽϣһǽײ

ʱѾȫ潭ҵؿ־߽УһһϢȴδȥǰ˹

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УﺮͻȻ䲻رôһ䡣

½͵۾ת˭

Ϳӣﺮ϶

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ҪĴѾôҲǸâרĵȥһֱ飬ͿϾһ׵̶һɲΪ֪أûдﵽһʵȡͿϾ˵ϿɣȡһĻȨ֮ǰûѹסԼĺģ̶ˮҪȥԡ

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ʵڼ۵ճӵܣӵܣһ;ϣһͬʵģûк˱ˣڸ֧ϵУֵܼ֮ദǱȽǢġ

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һͿܹ롮衯м򵥵ĽͨһЩ򵥵֫嶯ıӶӦ衯һЩ龰ֻҪʱһγһֱϰ֮֮ĽӵС

ֻͨӵ֡ӥĿѵûԤϵһ

磬һӵ֮󣬾ͻޡķת䣬֮ͨĻֻཻǷѵ£ԽԽˡ

ȴһֱԵһҪ飬ձǣתˡӥޡ֮󣬻ʲôӣ

ӿ ʮ ɽ֮Լ

µļڣ˪ⶳľѿ

һ죬̿ϴƣȻ峿¶ЩϮˣȴȻ˾ӵسɽҰ֮С

ƱҲԵñȽ˷ܣˣһҵҰػɽķʻ

ӶԳȥؤ֮Ļɽ֮۵Լġ

λصؤӵʼնź棬ΪؤӦ֮ǷЩĵԤԡ

ãλؤλɽ֮ԼǳǶٶеζ衯һбĺ塣

ȥ̨ɽʦͷôµ⣬Ȼؤûʦǰеİʾӻ׵ġ

жλɽ֮ãǺڴġ

ʻ˵ĻҰУƱٶȷɿ졣

ǰɽٽԼܿɽǼȥ겶ӥѾưܵļײݡ

ƱʻǻɽĽ£ȻɽлѩǣƱ˿Ӱ죬̤֮£˳س۵ɽǼײݴͣ

Ͼ͵ɽˣµ׼õһӦƷϣƱڸˣ˸ɽڻƵλã

ɽлѩûڻЩ򻬣е㻺ҲûɶӰ졣

ԼһĹ֮˳صɽؤӰ

tܣԲԣҰââо˵ľʱΪֱ֮ſظ߸һ

ľƺ͹һھ֮Ϊ֮һǸе⣬ǧ⣬ѩƮ

ž

Ӳ˰֮ʱͻȻױ͵һ£ʫԶޡ

תͷͼؤСӣëϷﱻôһȫˣ

оȣؤʲôʱߵģȻ޲ҲȻһЦǰǰԼϵɽۣйɺУԾͺ˼䣬ǰ£ٺ٣

ؤȴһѶеľƺһڣȹ֮󣬶ʱ˫۷Ź⣬Ǳžƺһ

ӼؤҪѾƺļʽʱһѶ˹ͷ㲻ٺȵ㣬ζ޾ƣɨˣϽȥŪȥ

ؤȴδþƣСӣʲôƣϷôδȹ

ĵľִķҳľƣƾҪκһ־ƶҪߣȻԱȲ϶ͷһ࣬йɻˬУҪǳͷĹؼŲ

ɹعͷľԣӵǾҪǿԵķϣȵ

ؤһ뵽ζƣѾЩȲСӣԵƬ̣Ϸȥȥ

˵ţؤɽһͲӰĿɿڴͷɣ֣

˴֮׼ҪģȥһЩɵĲ̹һƽ̹ɾľ׮мһϸ

ֻЩ£ֻѩˮһУĴѼһЩӲԱߵȼһСѣѩˮٽ֮ȥЩҶ׼ǲˣ͵ͷˡ

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þޣָֻҰЩľɵʣʵڲͷѸٵؾ׽ֻҪ֪þްȻҧˣǱٶȾԲһܹԵġ

Ȼؤ˹ֻþ˵ϷѣֻþҲƻһģһĸģ

Ӵ󺹣ͷȻĸֵһòӷϸƹɡ

ҡҡͷЩ߰뷨ֻԻȴ˿ѲؤƵֻþޣӶλͷ޻˵ˣĸеĸۣϣͷһܹسŵԼһ书ؼǾţˡ

þ޵Ƥܺ񣬾һѸ㣬ϴξǿѩŸ㶨޵Ӿʹ򷢸ͷȥþްƤȥࡣ

ؤǾµģᳵ·ͽһֻþްƤϾȻһѪ˿ûճȥʱͷɴֱӣֻһЩ۵ȥ󣬻ͽӣϴģþǸɸɾȻһѪû

һ֣ӲУֻûȥĻ

ͷɫԥһ߸һֻƤһߵСӣþޣȫǴ󲹵ĶͷˣϽȥ⿣ԥ

⻰ҲǣҲûԥͽһֻ籸õϣҶȻͰͷŽ̶Уȼ˲̡

ŪúʱͷֽһֻҲ˹ӽӹϸڻϣʼտ

ĵȴˡ

ӵظŲʱͷʱҲʣǰˡһ䣬գ

ܾûʹˣϷ򶼲֪Լʲôšؤ˼Ƭ̣ȴҡͷҲգ֮ˣѣؤǣ

ؤԸ˵ȻʶȤҲʣֻЩɵؤǰǸɶ

ؤŤӣȴЦϷ֮£ǣ㡭˵ţؤӻȡһɫƣӳ¾ɵؼһؾ˹

ϲѵؽӹֻؼдţ



ղأƼƱл֮ѡĴ֧֣

ӿ ʮ Ĵ

һǵĹؼӽӹ󷭿һᣬֻһ֮£֮оϲӣϣЩˡ

˵һԼͷͿ侭еġֶ͹ǹֻһٰʮſ飬潲⻹ʮֵϸ

Ȿ֮ϣȴʮϸÿһֶһͷʮȫϸ£ȫˣһʮֵֺɹؼû뵽һ١衯ͻˣֱ׬

ؤӿ飬һЦСӣӦǾƭ˵ĻţϷǿ棬ǿĲϣαѡѩģֻ벻СӾȻͻʦ磬Ϸ˸ƿСδ˺þƣϷֻý⡮ˣСռ˴ˣ

ؤᵽѩͻȻ̧ͷǰ⡮Ҳǳԡѩ򡯵Ĺ

ؤɫ΢䣬ӵε֪ѩ򡯵ģ

ؤ̬п϶⡮Ҳǳԡѩ򡯺Ҳûдʵ˵ǰ֮ôͻʦ磬ǿǡѩ֮еġѩʽ˳ģǡѩʽҵһλ˽Ľڸҵģֻᵽǳԡѩ򡯵Ĺдһʣ

ӣвɶκἰѩšЩɱ֮ģؤͻȻ֣µظ

˸Ǻ棬⡮ѩšһ֯ңؤĿأȴû˵ڣֻǳĬŲ̣ڵȡ

Ȼᵽ£ϷǸѣԺķԼؤӵɫͲµ˼˵ʵҵѧǲȱȫģͿ侭Ҳ⣡

Щӵ̧ͷͿ侭ǵĹȫԭΪͿϺϵ侭д⵽ǺԵأ

ؤŻϵĿãʵµ졢ءĴɣĴɣǧʷˣĴйǺģǵǰĿʵۣҲǴκʵ۽κ֮ͷ˱仯

ʱκκ챾ǳĴ֮еġԭšʥΪºܵУ롮ԨšоԹͬԭšľŴңԡԨšʵʩΧɱʹšţ

ȱһ£ʲôأ̲˾ʵ

ؤκʵ롮šоԹʵʩɱ֮ˣر˻ʵۺĸأԸʹ½ɽȣӶҽˡѧҵؼǿûշٻ٣Щ䡣

ֱʮ֮κйľŴҲǿʵʩֽŪùг£ǿʵȴ

ֱκʱڣѾӹĴе֣ʵʩΧˣʹԪˣʱġԭšʦΪʮʹޣϣŹλ֣սɱһۡ

ŶԼٽؼеҲϸò볯֮ºչͬ

κʵһλߣøַס˴ңټĴ֮Ͳȫˣ

ԭĴУһѱֻЩ£Ķʡ

ǾʵΪʲôᵽѩšͻɱ֮ѵ⡮Ĺйأ

ؤҡͷκͳΣлʵ۶ĩʵκޣһգԸɱʱѰĴţռѧؼɱ˲ٵңټ´ң˸ĳ壬ֱȡ

УΪСѩšƲƿԼҲŵ棬š롮šĲڰнһšܣӴһ겻񣬶š롮šҲԪˣҲû䣬żѾ伣

֮жԹȻԼƣҲʼĴѰ˲ţŻԻͣȻҪԵжѡ֮ˣˣ

Ӿã·Ϊ

ֻ뵽ͻȻؤǰô˵ǰ㲻ǡšˣ˵ѡ˲ţʲô˼ѵ

ؤ룬ȴҡͷЦϷ򲢲ǡš֮ˣѩ򲢷ֻһšĴڣﻹһʥڡ

ʥڣӴ棬һʲô֯

ؤȻĴ֮ϣӲ䣬ȴִ

ӸоһĴž͹ˣȴðһţģصġʥڡ֪˽⣬һʱ侹֪δ

ۼϵþѾð˼ȥ̽ЩصȤڵȫ⿾ýɫþˡ

ϺõϺֿһᣬȲؾȡóذг룬ݸؤһ룬м⣬ٺһھƣǸоֱˬˡ

ʹ죡ؤ⣬ƣ޵ƷζϷղа

ӿӴȣȴƲƲʲôȻġ桯Ծ֪ˣԻ֮

СӣССͣȴд˵գҲϷûпţؤ޵

ֹͣ˿⣬ϽеȥؤǰòҼʥڰɣ



(µ飬˵㣬Ǹ)

ӿ ʮ ǳ

㣬ڻʸ񣡡ؤͻȻ֣صص

ޣһп⣬Ȼ֪ԭôţصһţԼôһŽСʦȥ񲻱ЦǸ֪֮ҲͲˡ

ؤȴ˵СӣϷǱǡšؼֻϷڲͬΪǣȴǣǲƽ⹦ÿһ֮ʱûйȹ̸о

ͷҪָԼˣдϲȴԺƽǵͷǰ˵Ĳȷʵǰ˵ĺӦˣӰ𣿡

ؤӰ죬һּĴڣġͿ侭еĹڴΪǣһֱ޴ǹǵƿͻƣ޴ǹศ֮£棬Ҫһ̥ǣʥľ磬ΪˣͱһܹƽںϵĻпʵ֣Ҫʹƽº϶Ϊһǧˣ

ԼûнʥĻᣬʣǰ֪ǰЩ

ؤþ޵ĹͷҲһԣꡯ죬˿ھƺ˵ǣʵڵľЩǿȴܸоĶ׳֮Ĵڣһ˾޷оˣһ֮ʥɾʥ壬֮·ϣȻ֮޾ԪȵȶԪؾʥ壬ԪͨͻƸһ㾳磡

ʥ֮ϣʲô磿Ӻʵ

ؤЦϷͲ֪ˣ˵ޣʥ֮٣ʥ֮ԪҪͻƸһ㾳磬ˣǧ۾ţĪߣδйʥ߳ɾߣӲֻϣ

ӿԶ϶ؤһλʥĴڣǱȽϹעϵЩ⡣

а룬ԼǾȻǺǣȴǣӦøԽйأҪɾͣĸͺҪˡ

ӽþ޹ͷҪӵؤе㣬Ҳҧһͷ˽о͸ԹһִͦŨģþ޹ȻȫǱɵãڲԶþƤ˼ۣһԻǺܲ

ùǣ룬ǰҵʦˡֶ͹ǹǹټ⡮ĺǹʱΪΪأ

ؤޣǣ޷룬ӦȻǹãǹȫҪǡΪɾͣˡʦԺ󣬾޷룬Ϳ侭ȻѾʺ㣬ѡǹѣ¼亮ǹֻŹΪȫõ߽׹ҪĻԵˣ

ӱؤ´ٸŪõľ᲻áʦĹؼ֮벻ףͷͬùһ¶ӡ

ʱҲˣѾϨϸӻ˳ֱһȭȥʱѣһޱ˵ʱ˱Ƕ

ؤŵɫЩܣԣϴϷŵľζȻ伫Ʒζζʳָ󶯣

ȻԹһΣþֲô׽ģһֱҲأʶؽϵҶӰóذп

ֻǽп֮ҪһݸؤͼһСĴָСһĶؤۼֿ죬ǡ򡯽סЦ

ʲôӽݸؤǿŽӲ

ٲݵѵһĺöؤþʳޣϲʳһЩҩͨڽġԪֱ֮Ϊٲݵ½ⶾʥҩɽٶţ˵ţؤ㽫ǡٲݵһؾӸӡ

ӹöٲݵóʱڱӲ֮󣬵һɫӣйɲҩ˶پˬȻǺö

óһСƿӣöٲݵ˽ȥպúӺʣǰǰλҽġԪмǿĸãֻǡޡͨһ޶ϣ֮ǰᵽġޡʲô͵ޣ

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ؤȤȻ⾫޺ޣһЩӣͨϲʳز֮࡮ޡӱٶȼ죬Ѳ׽ϲʳѪ̥֮ġޡڹͣкǿɱϲʳʳģͱȽкͣƤֺˣɱ֮ʳѪྫޣٶȴ֮ʳزྫޣЩ޶ڻɽҰ룬ϡٵĵطϵķӣҪƽǡ

ޡͱȽϺñˣαͨӴ󣬷죬Ƥҡëɫй鶯Ϣʮֽƻǣˣ⡮ޡɽˮ˼֮أĵطһ£òҪȥǣ

ؤΪô֪ʶӸоУǻǳһǹؼһؤõзָ

ؤָͰʮָмģǰмĻͲ˵ˣǰ볢ζ𣬾ǣ

ؤⱥ˸֮һϸļӲݸվСûкþƺ⣬ϷпԻ㣡

˿ɫؤɫ磬ϷҲҸ˯һˣ֮ǰϷһ䣬Ϸ˵֮£ἰһ;ûнݾҪŬɾͣйرϢƼò뾢ϣ벻ĺôʹ˱ɡ

ƣŵ磬ôɫˣͷ뿪Ҳ̫˰ɣһ׶͹ǹͷָһء

ֻǲ˵ͷһɽ£ܿͲӰ



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ؤڻɽ֮۵Ƿӵʾܴ

Щָʱѡĵ·ҲڵȱݣΪҿ֮еǲɴһǡ

ص졢ءĴţĴ֮ϣִʥڡ

ЩһЩӵĴڣ

ҲΪָ˽Լ֮·ܶķ

Խǣ֮Ϊϲ̤ڽ£ռķܶĿ꣡

һ͸оȫһѪڡ

׳־飬ڻҰ֮ϣҵڰз裬һ̤ӭ컭

˻

ֻǷɳƬ̣һ˻⸱ƻϵӲЩˤȥƱĲʱϣûбˤȥ



ȻͣƱһǰ㣬ƱʱǰѹסģƱסûˤ

ƱվֻҰ֮ѩڻطˮݣƱ֮ʱ̤һˮ֮УղŵЩʧһĻ

˿ҲƱۣḧ˸һƱƺ˵һ㣬ͻСܣǰС

ʱ֣̫գйů⣬ػسҰС·ЩŢС

еһ·ڣͼԶһλյĺվĴԱһƥˮȳףƺβϵļܳĴӰӰϣҪʱϣͬҲǺӦ֮ǰͬȵݣֻ̫⺺ãͱˤ

Ǻӽ֮ʱʻ˹ɫ΢ϲæֽеλСֵܣܲܰæ

ʲô£ʻͣ£ûֻǵʵ⺺ӣоЩãǿ׳ʵ¡Ӧ䣬ֻаƺˡ

ǺӱȭСֵܣޣӢס˵ʮ޼ׯȥʱŹ飬˴ȣԲסǰУܲ鷳Сֵܵ޼ׯ֪ͨһׯңĳм

ע⵽޼Ӣĺ˵ʱƱһۣȻϵô峺ζŨԼ͸ţͷָСһСԸһˣ

ǾͶлСֵˣ޼Ӣм˵ţǱӻóһӽӣСֵܻ޼ׯｻڼҸҸȻϵã

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޼Ӣ˵ͷһƱ˻һһϼʻȥ

뿪ıӰԽԽԶ޼Ӣһڵϣֻȴ˿ٴβѪֹʹȴϣλСֵܹУʱ˸



޼ׯشλһƬɽС֮䣬ԶʱֵʱڣũŸţ

ֻۣ˲ʱ޼ׯׯҲʮ˼ңһɫľǽ滮Ǻ

˴ׯ֮·һλŸɰСͯׯҵסСͯվ룬ׯһŶȥ

ׯҵռܴ󣬵СͯӵſڣׯѰɣӽǸ˳˵·ϵɣһׯӴҴ뿪Ͳ֪ȥһֱӽլӡ

ǣǸڴڱŴСͯҲŽլҲûӦöһˡ

լ֮ׯӶ˲裬Ⱥ򣬾ͽ˺á

СͯõϣŴһ峺Ĵ۾ʱ͵͵ۣԵʮֺ档

ӼСͯɰʵСܵܣʲô֣

Ҳ㣡Сͯţ۾תԵɰ

ʱһ߳һλϣԲ룬׳Ӳʣߣ޼ׯңһ꣬һ㶣ϱŵЦݵλСֵܣ֪ԶׯϷʲô£

˵䣬ߴӣһ˿ɫͱЩŹĵʲСɣӵܣôᵽׯ

ٴν˳ߣ·;λ߽һ顣

߽ӹӿһۣӵĽɫ΢䣬æԱλׯӵͣûдǰȥӦӢ

ׯӵǰſλСֵܳʾ˵ʱһ׼ȥˣֶŴλСֵܽ˸

ҵͷתͷλСֵʱŸϷм֪СֵܹգҳδϷպõŵл

ǰˣֻǾ֮ͰˣӼŴҲûжĴ㣬͵£ȸˣ

Ҽȥ⣬ҲͬվȻˣϷҲ޼ׯϵǴģ˶ЩũߣҲһЩСգպСֵʲô֮ǰ֨һǣ

⻰һϻӦͳˣ˵պҪ߶ǰ˵ţ˾ͳݡ

һֱӳլӣվſڵƥ׷üͷһֱȥ

ӿ ʮ ·

լӣҲ£ʱһλ˴Ӻ˳˹Բ۾󣬱أӲλũ򣬵һλߡ

Һ˿ڲ裬̧ͷǰˣڵչΣ

ףǶڷܣҲȽϿ̿࣬ԶΪͻĿǰѾͻư˼Ӧʮʱܹͻʦ˴

ҵͷӢ꣬һ˻˵·٣ѾӵöԭϣΡ޼ҵܷ»εһλܳκβ

˶ֵԸղŵô

޼ҹ۲죬ӦǳͿϼӵܣݣͿѧ𱱷ҲֻͿϼвд˵ʦӿ֣һ壬Ҫʮǰͻʦ磬ǲܵģ

üͷͿˣϴͿմȣδȡôΧʸѵûؼһô

޼Ŀǰͣھżһˣʼδͻƣϴκǰȥ̽¶Ϳһλү̣һλǸͿŵģʲ̣͹ϵҲܺãлѧϰͿѧչ٣һֱͨλѰæ񲻿ϻؼң

̾⺢ǸգͿү̣Ҳʲô£Ͼ޼ȱҲͿ̣ҰҲڸͿ£Ȼ·Ǿȥɣ



·;Ţ޼ҵ·ϸϵĻе

Ӻԭ·ʱ֮ǰλбׯӣżǿ׳ʵĺһǰ·ڽӦ·ϡ

ʱֻǵͷͲ

ЩЩСֵܵÿ죬ô͸ˣ˵ŻͼһһԶԶؽ˺棬Щٴμӿٶȡ

·ڣ޼Ӣɫ԰ף˼˿ڣнһпĸͷصǰˡ

˾书ľ׳ӣ͹ʵڵɷأŨңһ֪ǾһЩͷѪɱ˹һˡ

һλŰѿؽڵϣЩתͷѾϴˣŭƣһ·׷ɱ޼ӢˣˣŸɵߵˣ޼Ӣˡ

׷СӺû뵽СӾȻз֮ۼֵˣǸ㲻Сӣ⺺һݣؽɷ˵һٴξٽ

޼Ӣ͸֧һգֻһͷҲ˵óѣжЩصĶϣڵоȫλϣϣ֪ͨ˸Ӧ

Ϊִŵһ˿ϣǺһ֮ʣ޼Ӣ𳤸һؽײһ𣬵סؽ֧ţѾ򵽵ϣؽпѾļƤ֮УѪ

󺺼һȥ֮ʣٴλӳؽ޼ӢѾٵֿͻȻЦһȥɣ

˵ţ˫־ؽɽһǧľݺݵصǰҪһ޼Ӣ롣

ֻǾؽû֮ʣͻȻݡһƿ֮󺺱ܵظоΣٽ˫ֻû֮ʣһ֧һһֻ䴩ͬʱֽһֻ󣬽ֻǺ«ʹһҲƫ˷



һ֮ƽ󺺵䴩󺺾жϣǽԵؼʱʱޱһؽ䴩󣬾ͱ䵽޼Ӣߵϡ

һĻ̫죬λ󺺱Ϯ²ž鵽ʹһҺתͼԶһλʻгֹһȻ

һģӣ

ͬһʱ䣬߽ʱʱһ󺺾ٽ𣬾ͳ޼Ӣȥ

ѾԮͻȻһ֣Ʊʱ͵ͣסһǰ㣬һصǴ󺺵ıϣǴ󺺾ߵķݣɳԶˤ򼸸ͣ£˹ȥ

޼ӢΪɣڵþȺתۼӸϵ˿һɣûü˵млĻ˾һһڵϻԹȥ

̽޼Ӣƣֻ͸֧ȣ򵥰һ¡

ʱʣһ˵ĴҪȥӵĵȻ

Ǵ󺺵ĶȻֹȴǶݺݵض˵СӣòҪ£ǡˣûк³ģ

תߵǴߣһŲ˿ڣ˵¼ȻѾˣ϶Ѿʲôôʵ׷ɱǸ޵ģʲô

󺺱ס˿ڣʹҺȴǲڣӼӴȣǴ󺺴ʱʹɫף촽࣬ŵ˵˵޵СпϵȵġʯǷҪ顮ʯһҵ;ɱ

Ƿ˭ʡ

ֻ֪Ȱµģû

ʱһͬ𣺡ֵ֪ܲǸķ˭ֱ֮

תͷ޼ׯѾϵˣѾ̧޼Ӣڸҩһλбĺǰ



ӿ ʮ Ʒ

±ɫɷף촽䶯£ȴʲôҲû˵

±ʱӱȭСֵܣζ㼰ʱȣӢû޼ׯ£м󡭡

ЩмĻִϵ֮Ͷѣ´粻ÿ

±޼УŲ֮Сֵܣɷǽ޼ׯã

Ǿɳ´紦ñǣӵֻʲôͷСܲ⣬´ܷΪСܽ󣿡

±ü˰ԵϺŵ֪Сֵܹգ

ŶСƣ´ƺǣ

±ӲԸ͸¶Ͳʣ˵ֵܣʵݡšµıֵ֪ܺھǣǵķֺű鲼Ƹݣÿطŷֺţһͳһ

룬ű鼰ȫأһӴ漯֧ţʵ´磬޼ׯǷҲ

±ЦЦֵܣ޼жҲ㣬καܿڱǣֻ޼Թűǿǵвǣֻ£ƽʱֻǸЩũߣ֪ǻϣֵܲҪŴ£

ȻˣСܸ챸òϣٴΰݷã

±ȴüͷֵܣ⻰ЩˣҪʲôıֱԱǣ޼ұûУϻõó֣ٱϣ޼ׯ֪֮ˣ

ͦ⺺ӵֱˬЦЦ´˵СҲ飬ΪСܴЩ⣬ܴ̣컹СԵʽܴ죡

±룬Ҳ벻˵ıʲôӣȻˣ޼ׯʱֵܣ

Ӽ滹ڵȣ뵢޼ӢˣҲͲ±ģ˱ȭһڲ·ڷֵ



䣬бϼѪɫƬء

ӱȽƧһЩǣϳǵƬƽסʱﵽԵʮ͡

ϳͻȻȥһεƷͷؤ飬ǲУƷڵӡ

ӿڣڹ滹һ߸ˣһӣдһġơ֣±ĸС֣Ʒ

ƷˣЧӦ⿴Ǻöˣӿڽ˾Ϳֱжϳ

ӣƷſڣ˩ſڵ˩׮ϣͽ˾Ʒ

ŽƷãһ۵еָ磬

תͼСͯϹЦݣһ·Сܾӭ̲סǴӤʵķۿɰСЦָοҪǼҵľŶֶСƹ㻹ָô

ţ͵ͷ˵ָ磬ҵ˵ˣϴĽүүˣǼںˣʲôʱþǶ׼ģ

кȾƵҲ٣̾еоеڻȭе㳳֣ȥҲûпλãӵĿ䵽ߵһʱ΢΢ͣϢתͷСֶ˵

ʱһλȽẩǰЦλС磬Ҫ𣿡

ӴλƣӦǾƷģʮ˾꣬ͷߣԲС۾Цгһ죬һֺĸо

һֱקӵ½ǣѰʣ˵Сո磬λָǼҹͣ˵ˣҪˣʹȥã˵ţһӣָ磬߰ɣҴȥҵ

ӳǸСջƵͷ͸Űִȥ

սǵĿߵǰһλ׷ߣ߻һԼʮͷ꣬Ƥ𪣬ò㣬ĿǫţȾƵʮֶţйƮ֮磬ԹҵӵеĶ֮ˡ

Աһλ꣬ͬݣէһйɾ޵ĸоһλ꣬ϸ֮¾ͷ֣Ŀ䵭Įʱ䣬˶࿴һۣͻо翴һѩɽйɳףµĴȻǸŮװŮ

ʱλС֣С˹ȥк͹٣ʲôԸ

ʣС磬Ʒеˣ˲Ϊθղôȥǲ˶Ϸʲôƫ

Сһæ͵ղλССжҲ붫죬ʶСֶãֻλϷȴ¶ϷȷʵڼУҲôţ뼸λ£

ˣʵǸղ֪꣬˭Һӣ

Сһ˿ŹֺһûСľͲ֪ˣСĽ컹ǵһμλС磬С֮ǰ붫ʶˣ

Ŷǲˣڸһõġ尲ơɣ߼ҲʲʲôҲʧʵȤ

ϣλԵȣСЦеͷȥˡ

Сߺ߽оƺ£ߵȴʦΪδҺʦݼϷͽ֪Ʒ˼ơڴƿʧˣҲнѲصģ

ȴҡͷ֪ǡ˼ơΪ˼



ĵĺۣˣе鷳½пֻܻң£

ӿ ʮһ 

겻ʦΪʲôᵽ˼ơѾʷû˽ĵʣӡУһƪӼǣӼм˼ơһκİ¡

룬˵˵˵һλа˼ŮˣİһλӣԭܳأŮϴ棬ʹҲ˾Ƴأʹľڲͬ£ʱ˾ƽ˼ֻǺλа˼ŮӹȥļΪ˼ͽƸΪ˼

֮ҡҡͷ˵ô˵ģ⡮˼ơ죬ȴΣƷҲԹľƾͱζ޷ڣǹ£ҲһЩƭ˶׫İˣ

ʱСնһ˹̸ֹͣ

СսƷŵϺֻǵͷȥкˣֵʦͽǲ⣬ǱҪȥǵģתУǧݣѵֻΪǰ˼𣿡

ҲߵֻǴĶȥҲһʱĿƿϷҪһλѡһŵ

ʱһСƿӺ˳󻹸ŸСͯ

лһֽ糵ڲͣشǷ糵͡࡯ʼתСһð֡

ֵ֮СԴ˵СֶָҪˣпչָģ

磬ԺҪŶֶģ˵

ӦĺİɣСϴŻĵ΢ЦС󣬾;ٲá

ųãʱ׷˳ץס½磬ܲܰҰүү˵ֶ

˵ţһֻ۵С˹еһСУӽӹһһõݱ֯СˣСͯ

ЦЦСպãֵСԴͳ˴š

ӳ֮󣬴ʱλһֱӵıӰ뿪ͻȻվƣʣ



ӣûҲûǣƱɵظݳǰľ󣬶һһǰڷĶִʱһЩϸСƬϡ

ֻ磬ǲͬ˵ľҲĲͬ

ߵؤʱͻȻ

Ȼڸ

һǰеһֱܵĴȷһڸֻ⣬Щ˸Լʲô

Сʻ괬

ҲûлͷȥıһȻֻһƱĲȻҡҡβͣƱȵĦһ˻һʹţܿؾʧ˽֮С

ЩƱ֮ѾʮĬĶҡβͣҪƱȻؼңͼԣܿᡣ

Ʊ֮ܿӾڽĿĵйľȴʼչ۲ΧĻи˵Ϣ߽һƫƧӣȻִдֱӽн

ߺͽܣʦǸСֵʲôһһôܸоѾǣڶ

ҲеСƣôСµĵģź˼ת룬֮ľ룬ǲСӵľġ

˼֮ʣͻȻͣסЦʦǻǱ˰ɣ

ΪΣ̧ͷ

ɫе㷢ָ̣ǰеһŮ֬ˮ۵ĵ̵Сֵܽ֬ˮ۵꣬ѵҲҪȥŮ˲ȥĵط

üͷҪץˣ룬ǰŵȺСһ֪ϷҪҵλѡģҪСˣϷضȥ֬ˮ۵ĺŵȺǣ˵꣬˷ֿߴŮҴ֬ˮ۵ĺŶȥ

ֻվ֬ˮ۵ĸЩŮӿ񣬱

ӽ֬ˮ۵󣬵еһλŮߵɴ۾С죬°ͶҪˣЩڵѡˮۻǶǶ֮Ůһܳš

һλŮȴǳλ͹٣겻дб

ɨ£ŮԻױƷµĵ̣Ҳ⣬ߵһһˮ۵ˮô

㡭λŮסֻڵһЩױõȻȻŮߺеģ㡭㲻ǡ

λŮĿɿڴɫ֮ʱֻŮ·¡طҲһѡ˳һǫ̃ǰʣ

ʱλŮĶҪ߳ˮԭģŮ˽Ķȥѽѵƺͬʱ뵽һֿԣöһۣͷ·ͬʱֳ֣̬

һλŮ߲СֽӹӵݹȥǮ֮ӵǵԺ¼һã

λŮһξˣǸӴ߽˺Ժ

һ򣬾ͼһλС裬СɫĽƤݰף桮ŮǺԺ˳һλŮɻʵλãһλӽԺ

λŮȥ󣬾ʹӺԺֳȥˣǸˣ˵ţλŮʹҡڵس֬ˮ۵ꡣ

ֻλŮΣǸˣ

ˮ۵⣬վ˰죬Ҳ˳Сֵܻ᲻ӱĵطˣʱǵͻȻ߳һλŮ겻˼ˮ۵תͷȥΡ

ֻŮԾʱһ磬껹̲סŮۣоڲͬйɺ˵ʣδŮӣͷһ

˭֪ŮתͷѸٴۣװͰ͵ʲôûŮ𣿡

һɬͷҶ࿴£С

ߣŮһҲû꣬ʹҡڵ߳˽

ֱӰԶȥʱ̧ͷǡŮıӰ૵֪˭ҵŮӣʱ

ӿ ʮ 

ɫϼйߣһĨ̺콥ת䣬һɵޣϵؼеǵ͡

֬ˮ۵ǰǵ̶Ҫȹˣһλվǵǰ·֮˵ע⡣

ֱɫʱһλһλȻĮġꡯת˻վˮ۵ſڣʣСӻûѵ֬۶ô

Цҡͷ˵ʦⱾһѡ񣬻ǹȥӴλСֵܣ̸ʱգҲܴﵽĿģķʽʼա

ߵһһ죬̾ضǵѰһ°ɣ

ضġꡯȻĮɽһ˿ͷ;ǵȥ

šꡯ֬ˮ۵꣬̾СҲƻȻϷƤӵˣµۣ

һλض˹ʣô

ضĮӺˣǾȻûв֣

ʲôӺˣĲţⲻܣǺžǷɳȥֻӬҲӲϷļӣܣѵϷС˸ͷ

תͷЩ㶲֪ʲô߿Щߣڷʲô

ع񣬵ʦɫ֪ٵɣܻҵЩ˿ģ

벻ȻһëͷС˸ͷ﷭˴ͷǸưֻûصǾҼҿջͶްɣ

ֻԺ֮вɵڻͷżλŮӣȴ֪ںη



ʱӡλŮͿһƫƧĵط󣬽׼õҩĨУȻһĨֽͷϵıӷӷֱӽϵһŮҡһ䣬˲ͱһλꡣ

λаŮװ꣬Ȼӣ

ǰعǰ׵ģݻױѾ¯ࡣ

뵽ͷλ֬ˮ۵ɵɵȺĳָٵѾٶ̵ӣӲɺٺһЦ˵뷴٣ͽרҵ

ߵſ˴֮һλŵļҶżӣͶЦѸٵؿš

ԺʷתүѾˣȴˣһʲô£Ѵ̡

ѰʱʱͻȻƿӻڻʷŷ׷˿

ֻŮӣŵйɺŨ֬ζɫֻǸˣүʲôûʸȥʵġ

ţȥ˵·ϣŮԲɺ˼뿪үΪʲôҪȥŮˣֻҪ룬ūʱԸǡ

ԽԽйɬŮ͵͵Ĩ۽ǣеЩͷ׿첽ȥˡ

ӻصӣʷŪЩˮϴ˸裬Щܲ˵֬ȫ֮Ÿоˬˡ

ƱϵĶȡûУԡңӽӹʷµݹë˲˳ʵ

ʷµͷȡˣСѾŵˣƱҲι˲Ϻˮõǣ

֪ʷǸĺ֣ҲûٶƱ£ʱʷһŽӵүǽִӾţ

ӹſ˿Ƥдģƣûɯһ⣬дŸʲôеõۣ

ԹʰʱӼɫʣ飬ʲô£

ûУүūֻͻȻˣЩңæ˸˵

ӵҵĻȥɣ

ǡһиңūֻǡүϢɣūȳȥˡ

æݣӾ֣Ҳûȥ룬ͽдǷŲ

һ֮£ɫ͹Ź

ᵽϴͿʵʩϴɱ£Ŀǰִ֮ݣĪʼץסڴͿԪ죬˵Ϳı췴ɱ͢ԱҪʵ۽ͿԪ򱱾Ԫ˧ְλԱӣͿ峤ҪԱ׽Ѻ뾩ʡ

̡塢ȱһͿжֻʵʩڲԼͿϲҵмϸ̽ϴ˼ҵļ£͢ôܸ棬˵Ϳ췴ϸò֤Դϱģ˽

˫ֲ£ྸֳĬʵ̬¾ǲгּۻһִˣûиۣõǣÿϷ̬Ϲۡ

ᵽĶЩ֮ϵݣнԵ£ӿźоùŹ֣Сû¸ЩʲôԼʲô

еյҡҡͷ֮һ̶ˮͿϵ̶ˮȥԣ˵ǳõĻˮҲֲСɫ

Ҫ£Ȼǰ

뵽ƣӵɫѵ˫ìͷָ＾ƾˣԼȥμӾԣ

Ҳ̫ˣߵʱûнʦӵ˲μӿƾٵʸͿҵҲͬ⡣

ԴͿϽת֮оԼĶλͿ׼ԸϵǸ

ӿ ʮ ټ

Ǵؤɽ֮ԼӶһ֮һʱ䣬ÿ춼ǳԼ֮Уδ̤Ϳ벽

˵Ӿ˼һЩһЩʹޡ

ĳͷ춼ڽһȦƷҲÿȥһΣȴһֱǸԱ꣬ͷҪץˣȥλѡÿĵһ¾ǸԼϷҪǽƻСҵ

ƺĳִҵͷĿ֮УǸֵ֪꣬ʱѾȡѰҵĿ꣬ΪͷصѰҵĶģ´ξԲСӴԼҪһè׽Ϸ

ĳλУȴ룬ԼǴνͷżȻˣĳλŮڲͬʣװͰ͵ӣһֱεӡλԺ֮Уÿһ¾ǣȥϴλŮȥ֬ˮ۵غصķ١

УǶôλŮ֮У¾ֻǿһۣٱһΣҲĸԸ

Ʈݣ׷ŮδһŮйĸоݵż⻹ƽһζһλŮĶĸоεץסһΡ

Ȼãã˺˷ٺδѰ

ֻһеʼٸӣȴ֪мԶĿˣ˵Ĺע

֪һаŮױ̫רҵ̫ɹȻһλ굽Ϊ˼ĺ룬겻ĳ̶ȣЦüľٵε

ͿԺӻӺ꣬п⹦ȭ

ȣ

ӲŲȭ֮䣬һÿӳһȭȭġͻǿ֡

ÿһȭһʦȭӵеǿ󶴴

ĹͷĥϾϵĴĥһʱǽƤĤͷ֮Ħپңֻһɴʹо

Դסǡѩʽļʹļ֮͹ֵȭʱͷһܵʹѾȫˡ

ֶ͹ǹһоʽʽھżʿ׶ͣʱ򣬾ѾڿʼѾȫ˽Ҳ֮侢Ħʽתķ

ͻơʦֻ֮ʮʱͻ˶ʦ

Ȼؤ˵ǣ޹ټϡͿ侭ľ֮ĹʮѸ١

ǡֶ͹ǹмʽʽļʮֱ仯ѶҪȳʽѶҪǿһ

ʽ֮еȭÿһȭֱɽƤĤӹͨЩͷ֮ϣȻЩд͸ľâĵľûдﵽ״̬ǺԵظоֶġ

Ǵλɽ֮ԼؤʱѹĻȻûǣؤ˵ԼġԼǾ۵ġںһŵĻ벻Ч

ӵȻ֪϶벻ЧֻҼڳԣٹԼڵġܴﵽϵǵĹؼʱˣֹͷô˷ѾȥһЩû洦顣

Ҳǽڵġһ֮еĵһޡ֮еǶͨЩѨϾʹ֮γһСѭӶܹԴԴϵسġ֮󣬵ʱܹȥӻ˻ָʦ롮ںš

˻ָɣȻٳɹá롮ںţӿԶ϶һλʦˣҲܹȡ߶Է

꣡꣡꣡

ȭȭϮϮϵµĺ鱻ǡϮ֮󣬶ʱͻһˮ



һʽеļʮֱ仯֮Ӿ˹ߵ䣬ͼʷ´ʱҲǻ뺹꣬ڷܿ

ʱľʷµĽչҲʮֵ٣ԭֻǸļʿ㿪ʼͿϾȭ֮ټһֱһ̽ʱ䣬Ѿͻ߼ʿﵽ壬˼ʿ׶εͻơ

ÿʷʱӶƽҲţߵ̸̣Լι似ֻÿ춼һסʵսľͷḻޱȣȻҪʷιϰ

Ҫһ¾ǣĿԼ⹦ľΣӶﵽ봩Խ֮ǰƽһͿûκι˼ɵһЩΪѵ顣

˱ˮһ֮󣬸оޱȵĳ졣

ʷ¼ӳҪͣ£֣ʾʷûͣ

ҪȥʱʱĴűƿǰ

ͻȻ뵽ϴƷʱǸСˣ֮Ȼˡ

룬УǸڶС˳ֻǾվſڿʷµĻӺȴĬû˵

ϴȥƷʱֶҴģֻǻ֮һЩµ飬ҸˣҪ֣˵ţӾͽϵС˽˰

ӹСˣƽ޲ϣڴһ˿Ĵ΢ЦҪһղ̧ͷ˵ӣˣ

֮Ͱˣ÷ϣӿ˵һֵˣ𣿡

ӣ߰ɣҪ㣡

үҪңЩƣҲûʣʷ˵һʷ¾ʰ˶Ժ

үһʲôأӴһʣ˽Ժ͸ŰԺլȥˡ

ӿ ʮ ج

լ֮Уƽ徲ĵطΪүżڵбչƽʱҲ˴š

ȴЩͬӸŰլʱ򣬾ͼΧɭϣеǸأٴһ

ӴЩۣܸоЩƽʱڸмв֮ͬЩÿһɷâѣɽһӾЩϤѪڵϢ

ԣɱ

Щÿ϶һɱͷ·ǴʬɽѪ֮ĥ³շĵزΪ֮ݡ

ɵã뵽Ϳϼ֧Ҳֻֻںڰ֮еŻӵ˵ɱ

լ֮󣬾ͼͿԪϣԱͿͿԡͿ½ܼҡͿҪλϣͿġ

תͿȻ֡ˣֻϵ鿴Щˡ

Щ죬ΧԵʮֵѹ࣬ÿϵı飬ʮֵء

һĻӳһֱһʲôʮش鷢ˡ

߽֮˵Ŀⶼעӵϣ˿ʱ𾪣˿Ȼһ˿ϲָֻ֮ǰȻء

ֽˣͿԪҲޱȵľȣµʱ䣬ӾȻһȽΪʦ

ʦ˵ͿԪ۹⣬һ۾ͿӲͻʦѾǶʦԾѰʱбһ֡֡

ԼľαĳһۿӾҲûʲôģͻشʮǰͻƵʦ

ʲôʮǰͻʦͿԪ޾ôվ

ͿͿʱҲվͿɫЩصô˵ֻʮʱٴͻƴﵽ˶ʦľ磿

ǣӵͷش

˵УǸֻ֣ͿǸʦûпôͽ׶ʦȴ̾ͿֳôһţȷʵǼֵص£ǣ

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Ҳʷʲô£ֻվ£Ⱥ룬ͿԪ޲Ե޹ʽһµġ

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룬ʹӻͳһƺõıͼͿ󲮣ʽԼƵģδüиÿɽ޼ׯ˴죬˴ȥͺã

Ϳӹͼֽһֻۣһ֮£ȴǼΪ죺ӣʲôŹֵģƵǵƽǽ˵ӳ˵Զ̣в໹ݰۣ۵ɹ״еأһ

ȥӽ͵ܴ̣ܿɳɶ̣۵װУֿɵ̹ʹãҰѵŵټǾݰۣɱ֮ʱ벻Чģ

ҵᵽѧħ£ֻ㲻ѧߵһսֹŹֵıʲôͿЩɻ󲻽⡣

ӵУƹ͢ƵߺߣЩҲһɱֹôҴ̹ȻҲ㲻Υ˵ǲǣ

Ϳ룬Ҳ˹СӣȻƹɷĿӣֱȷʵҲ෽֪֮ʲô֣

˵֡

ţǸ֣Ϳͷͼֽװãһ޼ׯõĲ죬еȥǵʱһ˸ȥģھ˴ĻδһЩˡĹע

ʱܼҹүƥ·;ˮѾ׼׵ˣλ͡ǿʱˣ

ţȥ֪ͨ½ܼҰɣ

ܼӦʹҴȥˡ

ͿӽЩ֮󣬿˿ɫҲˣӣ˴γУ·϶Сģؾ֮ὫеһЩ㽻ʲôֵ飬ʱŻгԻ

ӵͷӦͿһЩˣӿʼ׼Ҳᡣ

Ƶʱ֣ҹĻ֮ʣҹɫɣһͿĺƫƧĽֵȻųǣʧݳҹɫ֮С



ݵǣ;Ҫݣ˶ݵĽϣǾڵݵؽ緶Χˣξ룬Ȼǿ֮£ҲҪʮʱ䡣

Ӵʷ£ͬ½ҹܼңͿ࣬ʮݳҹϣһ·ͣ㣬ʱ䵽ݣڶݼϢ£·

ڵʮյʱһ߹ٵ˶ݣɹһӣ붨ݵɽں;һСʱͿϢһٴθ·

ӽзҶ򣬵ӱƬŵķ֣Ҷȫаٶ໧˼ңҲԣΧĻḻǱ뾩ٵ;бؾĵһ˶ϲͣЪ

Ҳ˾Ӫ¥ջͶޣʱֵתů̵ҲСӪľ¥ջ⵹Ҳ

Ϳÿλݵ;ЪʱͻҲȽϤĽ£ϵķҶջͶޡ

һйʮҷҶջͶޣٻеעĿġ

ջƹƺʶͿܴ࣬һЦеı飬ܵؽһӭջ˰˼ͷ

Ӻʷסһ䣬½ܼòӵװһüĿߴ磬£ҪĶһ֣Ϳ൹Ҳͬסһͷѡ

ʱֵʱ֣˾ڿջгԹ֮󣬸Ϣ

ȴûƣ֮⣬һ·ÿ϶ᵽҰҸ˵ĵطһᡶǾʮֳ档

ǿ貣ôõʱȻӸʷ˵һڷϢͳš

ҰǾЧǺģڸǳ֮ɡͬʱԽǻõĵطڽǳ֮ѨϾмǵЧѣΧеһؾϢҲһڣʹڵǹɾŸ׳

һҵʱ䣬һʱЧҲ˳ϵǵѽ׶ΣرӼٽʱӸǲŹÿǿ貵ҹ

ͨһĲϵۣͨǹɽ׳״Ũ׵ġųϵǣ⾪ϲһֺǿҵֱ

ӿ ʮ ҹı

Ҷķ֣ҹʮֵ£档

żȻУ˵Ҳװ

ӽУһƽϸߣĵطΪֹţһ򵥲֮󣬱㿪ʼ

һ˿߰ŷеȻϢ壬ڵѨϾžޱȵľѨ֮УʹЩѨеġǡϵ֮ңӦϵһ̣Ҳøˡ

ֻӲ֪ǣҰһĺôǾҰ棬ȻϢʮŨЩǹȻıʡ

ʱһһεȻš

˺ҹ賿ʱ֣ʱӵҲȻȻֹͣ

չվо徫ӣ档

ֻЩͬǣ⼸Ұ⾫ĵطʹڸƣӾҲȻ˱仯

ӷҹ֮УԷҶΧľܹࡣ

Ҳ˵ڵĿѾӵҹӵ

ΪͻȻı仯ϲʱʱʱͻأһϸ΢ӵע⣬ⶼҹ쵽賿ˣȻ̸

漴ӾʶӾҲõ˽һǿ̸ǴӸӺ֮¾˳ԴѰȥ֤һԼܼķΧ

ȵĿĵظʱĳĵطǧ֮ң

һӳʱʱľһ֪ʲôľӣλеƫƧûסˡ

ʱľл谵ĵƹ˸Ӱлζӱһ̸֮еһˣо⣬Ǳöϸж˵̸

ֻһ֮£ȴǴһ

ıһһ˵ı

ֻһɳƵѾʵЩ˵еǸ꣬ͿԪͿ࣬ЩˣʵƽƽС⣬ӦöͿϵеĸ֣뾩ȻȻˣΪǿ

һȽϵĮʮУϼһʵǿΪʮǻ߼ʦΪʵҲҪ뷨ȽǸͷԸ˾࣬ҪЩͿҵˣڷҶ֮أ

ǵˣʱܸϵ

Ϣ˽ҶʱͷȥˣһʱǾͿԳҹˣǾԻ̫һ̣



ĻûټȥǺҹеһ㣬ʧ֮Уе޶ûо

صջջһƬĵģ࣬Ȼûзκε죬ص佫ʷ½ѺȥЩǽ䱸ȥ½ܼҵķ䡣

ߵſڵʱ½ܼҾ;˭

ңӣ

ɣ

Ž֮󣬼½ܼҺͿѾǺ¶˯δȥҲʱ̱žġ

ӣʱлк£Ϳ۾˿ɫһƬڣʵ

½ܼȴǲǷʲô֮

ӵͷͽղڷС˵һ顣

½ܼҺͿһͿʱ˯ȫޣ½ܼҳȻйŹ֣ǰͶ޵ʱϷͲջһ˿ǵ̫ԣϷΪǸСϢʱ裬벻ȻһҪ

Ϳǻһʱʱϵǲ֪ǿǲӲƴӦþ

ӵȵűӦսһʱʱ䣬ܶ׼ˣвҲܴ룡

½ܼҵͷ˵ĲҪȻҹУǸ治죬ǵ·ɱ

ͿǣˣȽˣ˲ǵжҲ𲻵治Чˣ

ЦʱııҪøЧһʱʱ䣬ǲضڣԹسţҾͲ˷ǵжסǶֹǣʱԮֵ

ǳĻôȽ˻ɱͼУǲЦǾ͹뿪˳ôܻǴҡڵ뿪޶ԣ

Ϳ½ܼͬʱؿһۣ׷ıȷʵһʱҲеȻӣûôȫԲˣ뿪ڵ׷;вþѻһзʼմڱ

½ܼ׽˻ᣬͷıãǾ£

鶨ó֮󣬾ͼʮǶѴ£ñװȺˣȻǲ׷ʲô£ںڰ֮ǣһЩսٵȫҪһ

½ܼӴһǰطСȥɱǶҶĵˣŸͿ죬ʱٵһȽϺĵصȥݾѻ

ʷһа壬½ܼһһ𣬽ջΧʱ۲Сֵ쳣

Ӧ֮Ӧչж

(ղغƼƱ)

ӿ ʮһ ҹս

賿ʱ֣ǽȥ䣬СһƬ

Ȼ䡭

Ӱ飬žСļ񻧸Ƭ̼䲻Ӱ

һ̣ǵӰӱӺķСݸ

˿ǷСеĵƻѾϨ



һֵݵʱͻأСݸ𣬼Ӱ˲ߣܿʧڷСݸ

ǼӰʧڷСݸ֮󣬴˿ǷСݵͻȻ֨ѽһ򿪣һеģӰС˳

ģӰֻһʱСŷСݵĲ౳Ƶ֡



ֻǲ߼ͷһʹ漴һӥ

ӥ֮ʣʱСݸһϣһСӰѸٵӰƮһӹСݵıݺӰӲվһȭҾ磬ϡ

ǺӰķӳҲܸо͵ϮʱҲ˲ƽ⣬תһȭԻ

䡫

ȭȭཻɾײһʯı죬ǺӰ˺󼸲оʲôˣ

СӰһֱڴ˵صӣһȭǺӰԽ֮󣬸оͺһܺĸְ֮ϣֱ۷飬ϻйʹ

һԣ֪˵ʵмʦ

𻰣ҲӲӲһȭཻ˼֮ơ粽ǺӰʩչһʽȭеתʽȭӣһȰβɨתǺӰһǺɨʱһȭػڴ˵Ĳ֮ϡ

ǺӰƺһʱо쳣Ѿܹжϳһ꣬⹦ΪҪΣ似ٶȣȻ˰

һƬڣЩ̫Ӧںڰ֮нֻ֣ƾŵжӭУʮֱ

ڶߴ֮ʣһ㣬ƵĿҪѪǣһ֮УӰ죬Է治һȣûȴһصײԼСϣҪĶƤ˺ѣһʹ׵ظŻ

ԽΣյ£˵־ԽǿǺӰ˰ǰ֣ԽһСӣ˭Ϊ͵Ϯң

ǹ֣˵ʵҲһŵ˽⣬Ǹ弶ʦʻʱںڰԴˡ

һЩݵˣüµĺۼС۾䱸ضһЩƻѪɫ

ֻǴ˼ˣеĶȴûͣѿ̸һʱָӵҹ˵һһȫУ㼿ôܻϵûо꣬»˵ĵ

ʦΪȻ⹦ϲˣ似ϣԶ˸߳һأټռлƣôõһʵսĶôܷŹ

ʱӴȭȭΧҶ׷׵䣬һȭʱǱһȭںǿôȴֵϣֻꡯһӦѣ¡¡

Ȼӵľ˺ǿڶ似֮ʱҲûܵشȴûдϢʱ޴ڵȭ籩ֻ꣬жܵķݣϾ

ԼƬ̣Ǳ๥٣пʼвס⾿ǳļҵĹôʱ䣬⾢ķâûпʼԽԽǿ䣬Ȼл˼ȸУɴ󾪣ӱһȭ֮󣬺˼ɳƵ˵㵽˭ӵܣԹ޳𣿡

Ӳ𻰣籩ġȭĹûͣ£Ժ֮Уһֱڻζ뿪ǰͿǸϼ¼ŵġϼӦ÷

ʵ൱ҹԸһЩʵĿ꣬ӦǡʱȭĹԽԽ죬־ĸЧԽ̡

ȻͿӵܵһƵ츳⡮뾢϶Եʱһָȵ˺ЧȭУһɹӿžŹʱԼܹŵһ·Ƶζ

˴ʱȴԽԽľдڣΪСӵʵκβľĸˣǾ֮ʱ

ڣСǾ似ҶԷԽսԽ£֪ƣ룬ǲϿʼޱȵľоȫͺ񱻼ڻ¯ڿһ

ֲѹȵƣȴһƬ֪ˣһʼӦƴȫɱˣԷȭȭӰͲκηĻᡣ

һ뵽ʵϵĲ࣬ȻһСӱƵþȻЩмܲסʱеǹŭԹ޾ͳԡ

ȵľһοϮ֮ʣֺذһǺһҧͻȻһȣʹΧľζҶ׷ɣ˾Ǳ浯һ㣬˫ƾͷ·һ˲һ̩ɽѹһ㳯Ӵȥ

ӸܵһѹһʱѪ

ӦǴѹ׵ĵսޱȣһ˲䣬ӵľ߶Ⱦۼһ˫ȭϮ֮ʣȻоһ˿ġϢޣĽӽ

־ΥĸоӵѪٿʼڷڣֻвڶԵ֮ʱﵽһ۷״̬ʮ˲

ָо

ӿ ʮ 

˰һػĵľżصϢϢйҪľ޴ѹ˾úסܶ

һεʦԣһֺǿ似ܴѹ

ѹȴѪ̵ҽǱҲڱһȳһɹޱǿľʼ׷ȫӿȥ˾͸оһһ֮С

ɲǼ䣬Ӷˣ·飬µġ粽ƺѿĹ֮Уǧ֮صľȭϮ֮ʣתûӲһȭǵ¶ԷǿϮʱзڵһ㣬һֱǰػȥ

ʽ

ȭ֮ΪԵһʽ

˴ʱɫ䣬˲伤Ӵƣоһֶ޿ɶĸоƺΧһԽٻٵĻǽ紦֮УҲûκηء

ҲǾḻ֮һͷ֮ʣƺڵǹǱҲ˳Ȼһ˫ȭһԭǴȭͷһٴǴһȦһޱȺصϢ̩ɽѹӭڵ㵯ȭ

䡫

޴ĸִײ˫ȭͷڶԽ֮ʣȻ˽ʯ֮󣬾籬ը˫屩ˡ

ǽԷһƸ۵ȭȭײ֮£ӱһɶԶײһϣǿײ֮󣬾ͼ˳ƣѪ˿

˾ҪһЩԶײĿ֮ͣѪ˫ִʱͺǱҽ˴ƬһЩڣڲͣزš

ٵ£ܿӦϵĴǹʹѪٷӿƽϢ֮վ

ҲѪ󻺻վв룬κҹеʽԵ֮ƣȻûһȭҪ˵ֻǽˣԼҲЩˣǸ⹦Ϊйء

Ȼ˵ͷҲջΣʱǧһȴصǱܱ˳ټ֮ǰһսԡñĵӦ֣ǡĸЧԽн֣Īĺô

Щվһٴ˿Ѫýڡָӣ㡭Ȼܹʹáǽһ˵սʲôŴв˾սǡ㵽˭

Ȼ˵ľŴʲôȴһʬ֪Щʲôã˵ţӱ㳯ȥ

˴˿ɫЩңȴȻᡮģʣͿϡϡҶϡϡ쵺ԭԭšžŴҵ֮⣬ߣ㲻˵ݹģͿӵɣɱңͿҲҪŵĴۣ

ԭšŴ塯Щʻ㣬΢΢һ뵽˻ɽؤĴŵһЩвһЩʣѵͿҲԭġԭšžŴŴеһ壿

˴ʱӵĽŲͣ٣һ˿âȻһؾ׼ֵķ򼱱ȥ

˵ʵǱˣתûܳһԶģûб򣬾䡯һ˵ײһϣһܵĽǣĵ˺üŴ

Ӿ׷˹˲ŷ֮ʣû飬ֱӰγذףֻһ׹䣬˶ʱסһѪߺ󣬱صڵϡ

ɯ͵ذף࣬ȻǷƷһͽ˱

ذϵѪʬϵɾСʬһαװ߳Сݣݡһ˸ڡ

˻~~

󣬴˿һ˻֮Ʊֺ˳ӻûеƱͣȣֱӷܿʧ賿ҹɫ֮С



賿ʱ֣¶һ˿΢ɵǡ

ӲϵͿõĵص֮ʣ½ܼҲѾһڷҶϵĵˣͬʱ

ͿӦϺѻλãϸ۲ͿĲá

ͿѧԣƺҲΪһЩĵãڷλõѡԼѻصİţǡô

ĵƲƽһб£߶ľڣͿಢûбµĵ·ð޼֮ೣõĲùߣֻڸھ˼ԵݿӣĿΪõ˵С

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ǹһ飬λǿʦǽȻһ˽ƺõǹתһǼϣǽǿɢȻ׼ͷôãǹĴ͸ȴǺǿ͸峵ȥ֮ͬ

ͬǣ峵Է׵ǹʱִٲãֻһΣˣʿ붷־ӶʹҷռƣƳ

ݾѾúã͵ˣ

ӿ ʮ 

ڰȥɫʼ֮ʱ˪飬΢¶һɺ⡣

ա

ʱݽ紦һɽ·ϣһһһҶķʻ

ԶǰʡƷǰУһֻļͷͷָ֮ضһų̣ͷ·һֻɾޡ

ֻٶȷǳ죬ڼžɽҰб֮ʱԶ󼱱еһԵúйɡ

Ƭ̹󡭡

ܿ죬͸ϵһ֣ȴбµλá

λã

컹ûΧֺܼžΪϮǱҪ֮ǰϵҶɱˣ治죬ھ⴦б֮ʱûоΧʲô쳣

ֻϵɱֻ֣ܼƻ¶ȴҪɱɱ

ʱشбµ·ʻ֮ʱڡͷλõƥͻȻȵݿ֮С

˻ɡ

ʻһȵݿ֮к󣬶ʱһ˻֮ʧȥƽ⣬ǰȥϵˣҲͻı仯ȻӳѸ٣Ǳˤ

ͷλõļ֮ʣںļʱҲѸٷӳ˹Ǽæһǿͣ

ֻ֮ͣ󣬶ƺʶ˲ԾͻȻһã˴ǡ

Ȼ£˿б֮ϵͷ֮䣬һƿյľХ

ݡݡݡ

ƿյ죬ͷֱûü֮ʱͼʮ˷ޱȵǹ·һ㣬١ܼ״һ㣬



һҽܼǹ֮ãûжǹУ嶼ᴩ˱˵ϡ

ҲЩ˶ǹǿȣµȴ䴩ϣʱбһƬҡ

бܵѻش׼Ѱʱֻһ֮󣬾ûžͼʮɫӰӾͷ·һ㣬ĵص

Ϳϵ

ܵѻУһλ۵˾һԵЩţЩŭʶǱѻпǼƻѾй¶

ɱ

µʿܴ죬˲ص£´˷ļʮɫϮ֮ʣֻòִӦս

ǲġɷȻҲڽһ֧˴һʮˡ

ھһǹĲпϴ֮£ȥֱӱټϱ̤ģһˣоŸʧȥս

ڡһռƣʿƵȷ棬ϵġɷԴƵ״̬

ֻڶ̱ӵһɲǼ䣬ɷеλϴ˵ĺֻǲһ棬ӷ̶֮󣬾ͱսʿһϡ

Ȼɷսʿʵ롮սʿĲ£ɱԵʮѪȲпᡣ

ӴʱſбºһѪڵһĻҲܳȥɱԱߵͿȴذסļҡͷСܣڻʱ򣡡

⻰Щ⣬ϸ룬ȴҲͨͿ˼

˴˴жҪɱĿͿ࣬ڳȥĻ൱˱¶ҪĿ֮꣬£һּ˵ķʽϧҲҪɱͿ࣬⽫

һսʿΪǶˣпܻɱ

֮ͨӰסԼһѪڵս֮ģʼ۲սϵơ

бµ·սƿսʿʵռţЩ˶ͿԪ޴ӡ֮оѡʮλӢ߼ʦʵսǿ˵ŶսʱҲ൱Ĭ

۽ϵġɷȻսҲԼصһ棬ĬЭʵϣȴ⡣

ӿóλǸʦʱ½ܼҶ൱֮⣬ֻغϾͱսʿɱĶЩҵʦûдﵽֵУʣµˣǡɷսʿ֮еľӢ֡

ǿʳʤ̭֮£ɷսʿʵνϵ͵ȻǹϮԵУȴûжսʿϾҵʦ߼ʦ֮żΪԵĲ࣬һҪķˮ룬ͻ߼Ǹ֣ûͻƵĻֻбɱķݡ

սĹУӻһֵǽϡɷսʿԵʱʣµļΧɵεУһλʼձм䣬ΧЩʵϵ͵ĺɷսʿˡսʿ֮ºĿǰҲֻʣôһλʵʦ֮£ȴʣµص㱣š

һĻӵ¶һ˿ζЦߵͿ˵νΪ֪ض¾ѻƻӦ֮£ɱһֲôϵ﷭

ͿЩģصӣָʲô

ָǱֻмλĿе㵥Сĺ˵ϸ۲ǸˣһᷢЩߣǵ˴˴жƻ֮б¶㣬Ҳ֮

ӿ ʮ ӥ߶

Ϳûǰܹںڰ֮пú

˳ӵָܿѰҵбµ·սУǸֻڲˡ

ʱսɷսʿʮսʿΧΧ󾢷ӹҶƮ㣬֮ʣĦѤ˵Ļ𻨡

ʣµġɷսʿʱӦսʮֳǼҪͬǰһλҪҪɱ˿ֱ̼Ƶˡ

Ϳڹ۲Ǳص㱣ĺһ֮Ҳڷ˶ߣʱǰһ˵ĴʦʵӦս鲻㣬óᣬпǽΪжûΣգɳĵϵӵܣ

ɱɱŵҡ֮УϧۣͻȻĮ˵ôһ仰

Ϳתӣһᣬŵѵ˵ˣǽϽһֱСС;ʦλţ

ӵ˵ͷ˼˶ԲߣǷǰֻҪһѾѻǹͽˣ磬Զ̹˾ǿ֮⣬

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Ҫһǿͺˣ۶аһ֦Щ߷ߵ˵

Ϳӣһǿ߼ʦϵĸо壬˺һЩϡвϴ񹭻壬пƵ˸߼ʦĻϡϣ¼ټ뷨ʵʣ

⻰ȴΪȻʦĻǿѰλΧĺֻǸʦǿ͵ϮĻỹͦģ㲻ɱɸţԼһҲʮ

ӲŶʦʵͿҲʦȥɱĻ½ܼң˸ҪǳձԼڰһЩӣŰ֮յСǾͽе˷ˡ

ֻһ˴˴νʱִ٣Ϊ˲עĿ·ϲûдⲢųҶϵ˾ûУʷںһλսʿϡ

ʱͻȻ۾һ뵽ʲôܵ¶ϣƵƵлʾ⡣

ֻУܿһڵޱѸٵӽĹ򣬡衯񿡵帩䵽ӵĸ첲ϡ

ӥĿһЩּ֮һСľ飬ľ֮дһ仰֮󣬾ץסһ̧첲һӳ򣬱ҶȥܿͲӰ

Ϳ࿴ӽӥ˳뻰ӥȻҲʮĬɳԾӣģҿӥȻܹͨھʱҼСүӥӥԶûôʮ㣡

ֻǵκζֻ࣬ҪദʱˣϵͳѵһĬ֮󣬶ͨĸо

ͿͷҲԣֵղӥȥʲô

ȥȡӵ

ӥȡͿŴ죬춼ûк£Ϊֹ˼ˡ

ȴǳĬ

Լ˲һĹ֮󣬵Ϳš衯ӿн£Ƿӥצ֮ϻץһŹӥϻһֻͲ֮ŵü벻˼ôҲĨȥ

Ϳһּȵ֮лûлعʱͼѸȡӥצϵĹӥĵļͲһƬûбޱϬӥצ˺õС

ȡ²󣬾ͼװһСƿӣ⻹һֽչֻֻֽдһ仰ȡԻе߶빭ϲ״

Ϳ𾪵Ŀ⿴Ӱ죬ֱӽǼͲеļȡȻóһղŵǸСƿӴ򿪣ǼͷͿĨʱŻع

ڶͬĸĵܵиһʶǻԶˣ޷뵽һЩ˼飬ҵʶˣ¹ϣҲĿǰֻʮֻ꣬˶̶һʱʹ߼ʿһͻƴﵽĶʦľ硣

һλţͿԼκεļų֮ģֻһܹĵǿ𺶣ǾԵľ壬ΪֳһοԺУ

ӣͷĨʲôͿҲǸȳȵˣع֮󣬷ͷĨɺѰʡ

߶ӻһ󣬾ͽƿӺͼͲ£𹭣ϼĿ׼սʿΧʱҵһλ˼ʦ

ǹ֮󣬺ڰ֮У֮һĹâѸٵλʦϱȽϱһҸλһɣֻݡһƿն

λɷսʿеİ˼ʦսʿ֮ʱϣѾˣʱ׼һˣһͻΧʱʱȻһֱܵΣնʱ

ڰ֮Уһƿ֮λ˼ʦ֮£ѾӦǰһ֧ȲǿԼĻ徢ţһϻƵƤˣܶ˺

λսʿ֮£λɷ˼ʦûֻ̫İڱλսʿʱֻø첲һ֧ûзϡ

ֻǵø첲ʱһȴ䵽ϣȻĻ徢סļ򴦻ǱǼͷǳǳС

ܵСˣЩ㲻ʲôǵоһĸо֮󣬽ŴıһֱԵĸоλ˼ʦɫ䡣

ãСİС

λ˼ʦм֮󣬸оһɹо֮ʱͬһ仰󣬴ʱԽӲûеֵסλսʿĹƣû˵꣬ͱ䣬һļϣһ̣ȴɹƵĻ徢ͱ࣡



PS(ղƼƱлؿSֵܵĴ֧֣)

ӿ ʮ 

Ϳϣһţ𾪡

ǰͿĨ߶ȻǶڹ֮£׼Ŀ꽫ĵܵܣʱһٱ䡣

˵ղܵǾĻôھǾη

һ̵ͱ飡

ֵĮϵӵۻı飬ɱ似ļ

һĻ𺶲ͿȥоܵܣʶܵܣʲôľŻơ

ΪзʣµĶǸ֣˺ڵļˮƽµµģһ߾ߵʬ塣

ܹԷһģȴǰ֮ϵ߶

Ȼսʿڵм֮ץסʱһȴõٲ

ʱһֲм֮ܵ߶ǿЧӰ죬սʿй֮£

ֻⰵİ˿ʹбµ·ϵս龰һӱŤת˾档

ҴʱֵУѾʧ֣ʣµˣʮ˵ǿ֮£ӵĳѾ׵˾

λɷսʿͷʱ½ֲܼʱתƳԼһʧأҶԷڰŰ֪ٲͻΧߣεжƻһʧܸգпܣһĲҰܡ

λ֮ʣʱ½ܼҵһ˫Ŵǿҵ磬Ӱаֻ֮Ź֮ƣɨҶһ㣬ޱȵϮ

ƣ½̣

λɷͷ쿴ǿĹƣͻȻɫ䣬֪Ķ˭ĹԲ͹ƣǿ֮£ƵòӲһơ

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ɷڽ½Ƶ£ʱѪڣվȣǻѪȻƵǿսˡ

У϶ĳǧơ˲˲٣ЩӦǱ˪ǸɧͿӰɣ½Ц

⻰ƺ˵˽еʹеɫһٱ䣬ޱȵȴû򼫶ȵŭٴϣӽƻһתЦ⵱µһӣ˲ˣ³˪ϷЩ꣬˵ѡǵģ

⻰½Цݸ䣬ҲϷӵðˣһΪߵ¥ŮΪϷῴУ

ʱɫͳɫͷѾŭ˼£½ⷬɺݺݵػѨ

ȰĽ׷ŮˣֻǱǰ˹˹ָͷͳͶͱԼĳҹ׸˴ˣȻûмƽϣɹؽ˪׷֣£ȴһֱеʹܺ½̱òеʹʼ޷ɢ

˿̱½̵֮˼ʹڻûгסûеƻָһ½̣ٳϷľǧơɡ

½̼ɹŭ˽У֮һ˿ڽ֮⣡

ղ䰵һĻǱеġȻ֪ʲôŤתս֣ɹսʿɱ˶Էвλ֣ľ棬ڿάȥģֻмŭУϾģôǰɷսʿҪ

Զб¡

Ӿⳡս֮

ÿһһǰûлĿ꣬Ѹٻλ޷صص㣬ĸ֮£ѾĽӽбµ·ߵһ

սֵλҲڼΰ͵Ϯ֮ʱݵ˵Ķ̬ѡѵһξѻĵص㡣

εĿ꣬λܽҺɷսʿص㱣еλꡣ

ȻλҲżȻսʿĽ֣λżʦֻһսʿ֮󣬽ʣµһ²󣬲λȥ֣һΣգ˱Ԯ־ͨһַʽλʵսġ

ӶֶʵսķȴʮֱĺͲмһ˵ģûоսûоѪϴǸν꣬ҲǸŰˡ

ֳ֮УʱѾˡ

ɵһѸٵѡһȽϿһ棬ȵվϣѾͿĨõ֧Ϻϸع۲ǺԼʱ䡣

սʿɱ˶Է֮ʿ񣬶ԷʣµӦսںǰλżʦѹ󣬴ʱΧģʵǿսʿ

ӿ ʮ û

ֽս˫ʵвĻӰ컹Ǻܴġ

սʿΧ֮£ʦҲûбҽ࣬ӿһֱչߵꡣ

ҲʱһЩѹˣ

ʱӽڹϵжȡ£ֻһ֧ϣѸٵ׼λľżʦ

һָܹλżʦ⣬ڸսʿһʾղһλ˼ʦʱץסʱĬسɹɱΣֻսʿǿƹסǾżʦע

˵ֻǲһĹ򣬵ֻԷλżʦʱλżʦֻ΢΢һ࣬ɹض㿪֧

Ҳյʱ䣬սʿȻǿ˹ƣʹλżʦĽ౻ơ

ʱ䣬ӽץסʱٴѸٵشֻһâ֮˲˱ҽַյλ꣬һɹңֻݡһֻĶ㳯꼲ȥ

ٴ춯һ̣λ˽ľżʦɫͱˣ

һ̣ʶ˶ԷǸ˵Ŀ겢һֱλꡣ

ֻĺХ֮ƿնʱλżʦҲ˲öԵеսʿˣ

Сģ

һֻ֮ʱʾһͻȻһڣȥʱصǰֻȴĲѪֱ



ȻλżʦסĶ֮ʱػ껹Ƿһƺߣλ˶ʱд󺧣оõԼϲļֻһ֧һֻȥѵ

뵽ɫ䣬ͷ·һ㣬ôûмΪ

ԶҲ΢΢һ㶣벻λ˺Ǹ꣬ȻǸӣû϶ͣڷ갵ɹ֮󣬾롣

ʱʣµĺɷսʿҲ״転һʱս׷ƴͽһۼһߴ֮ʶ˰ĻɶǽңһһĲп

ʣµĺɷսʿ£һ飬סһʱһԼЩͳ֧δܶǼСж˵꣬˹ȥ



ʱһ˫ͨ죬͸һһ֮󣬻ľͿ񱬶ϵֻҲһϣĩԣ׼ӽɱսʿҲ˲һλɷսʿͻȻ˻ϣһһλսʿ䲻ᴩţ

żֵĿһŭųƣȻǿ

ʱг½֮̽ʣҵһյʱαˣһͻΧ룬ϧһдۣ

϶ߣ˵

½̼г˻˿Ī⣬һĲӰٴδؽвסǶʵ൱Ȼ˭޷ɱԷҪڶԷǿȫߣҲôס

ٴα½̲סʱҲЩ˴ͬɱͿǰǲиУᷢ

ȫûϵǣǲƻ¶˵˵ݾûϵ½λֻĻװ磬ҲС

Ǵ˴ο˵ٴʧ鱨֮ϣҪ֪ƽʱ֪½̣Ŀª߻Ƕҵġ

½̲ûдһߣװҲһͨƽƽ˿һ۲κӡ˵òʹǴΪͿеĶֻЩ߰˼ʦĸ֣ûн½УԾֻʮ˸ˣʵҲ̫ȳƣһҪμʵսĽ죬ҲǱȻһȫûı³

ڽͽһжļ٣Ҳ½̽սڻǸӶ˰Ȼ룬ʱȥһȫǺ롣

Ȼ˵ذܣǰһɲǣͷųҲʮ־˵ģڽһͽ츸м֮ǽĻԣʹýһ˷һʱԼǰ棬һ壬ס˴սʿĹƣΪλɷսʿڻ˱Ž죬æ롣

ŽһǷҪĹƣסеĹٿĶɷսʿûȥ׷ʵɷսʿĶֻ֣ε̾Ϣһβնݳ鷳ֻԽԽࡣ

Ȼ˽죬һ˿ҲѾǿ֮ĩսʿǿ֮£߶ټϾҵ˹ʹԿʼѸȫӡ

һη֮һλսʿץס˻ᣬݺݵһĺ󲱾֮һһ飬ƺʧȥ֪һ㣬źսʿٴݺݵزһջǱƵ˻ǿԴ촦ѪȪӿ



ڽһ俳Դһɲǣڸ½̾ĽбߴһʱĿѣ˫Ѫ죬ԼֶԴȴûа취ǰȥԮ絶һľ֮ʹҪˡ

½̣ղ



PSղأлһ¡jane.aλѵĴ֧֣

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б֮ʣ˲书ǣŭһ֮Χ֮кصһɷ·ҪѵĿϢͺеˮҲҪһ˲䱬ըһ˵ܵӰ죬ϢŻµĸо

ֵǿ֮һűƣ½ԭزֻը֮⣬ȴЩʦҲֵס׷ױˡ

λôĽԶӣʱҲǸоڷŻ컹ǵһμʶֵǿ֮

ǣڽнȫĹų֮ʣȴûг½̹ȥͻȻı䷽һٶȳ¶εͿ༱ȥΪհ͵Ϯ֮ˣλڰһֱû¶ͿΪԽȫķߺޣͷϡ

½ʶ˽еͼ֮ɫ䣬ķӳҲټĹҪٶȼڽгͿ֮ʱѸٵӭϣһȭһһ㣬ǿϮȥ



б½̴һȭϮûж£ƺһûзɱͿͷǿסǷѵĳ֮ȻȻسͿķλȥ

ͿͻϮȻԶͷĶ֣ҲִУתƳ½׷һΪڻתӡ

дһƣϮ֮ľԴݿ֮ƻľмͿӿʱǿӰ죬ͷ·һֻ紵Ķ޷˳СĲ֮£ײһϡ

ͿܣдһƵУҲʹ½ѸٵڽлһϮͿ֮ʱҲԺݺݵٴλһȭȭӰǿͷ·ʵػ˽еĺϡ

ܴش̲סһѪ

Ϳಢûбȫһƴǿɱľм﷭󣬾һλӿǲ԰׵ʱһֲ̬ĳ죬Ѫ˫۵ͿӰԹ벻ʡ

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֮½Ҳûȥ׷֮ǰͿײĵطͼͿһıȫľмڣǻ˹ȥ

ľ֮£½˹Ϳƣֻ֪Ǹղһ³ײֻǻԣӰ죬󲿷ֱֵˣֻ˵˶ѣص˿

ֻǷʱ½˸ղŵĹһĻȻͿѾ赹ˣôղŻӿֻˣǱ㳯һһۣСӣɹػǽеߣ϶ƴȫһ͵Ϯ಻ҲҪˣ

ʱӴһ˳ãһͿƺ󣬵ͷγǿ֮ĩˣƴһҪɱĿֻ꣬Ҫһ޷ɱĿĴУһйͷʹ½Ҳüˣ

½ؿһۣСӲʶˣǶ˵˼ҲǷյĺܵλºϣͿȻҲǴԶԣԶСˣԽԽﺮԵǷֱˣֻǰλ꣬ܰʵֲԸҲֵǸһС



¶ǰףɫʱһɱжҲսʿԾϵƽʣµļλϵĺɷսʿжĻ

ȻջýλѣҲ߶һˣʮλɷӢսʿһν͵ɷʧһףʧȵݳǵǴϴɱҪء

һս֮Уʮսʿˣڽһƴʱɱģһ½ܼңӣлܹܵģ𽭼ҶԣҲһʤˡ

֮˾Ұһʱˣʬ壡

ʷһսʿӷҶ˲ϵ֮ӵĽ֮£˽սʿᣬΪĹ֣ʾ

˾٣ǷĵģΪ뵽ĹսʿǰЩսǣȻԷҳϵĶͬ飬ȴͬģǰΪһңһΪһ壬Щȥˣֵȥ𾴵ġ

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ȻصϢʱͼ·˶Ѿװ׼̣͵ˡ

Ӹһ½ܼңѾָͿͷƱ㷭һ˼·

ֻ·ϣӲûע⵽֮ÿ˿񶼲̫һˡ

½ܼҿ֮УѾһΣϣļС

Ϳ࿴񣬴οԺһĵ׵ľη

ʣµǰѪսʿǣĿ⣬ǴĳָɫʣһЩԵ𾴣һЩΡ



һ·У·Ҳûٷʲô֮£˳

֮һ̲ͨ飬ǿĹٵһؿеĿĵأƹȨĺġƾǣңң

ӿ ʮ 뾩

ƹǣƾǣǰ

һ˵˳ſڣͿȡһСƣسǵһƣû̲ѰʣֱӷУ̬Եúܹ

ӳĵĶǣиĵһоǴݻ

쳯ϰĽܼ඼ǵשߣľ촰Щլ̨֮ۡͤ¥Σ¶죬¶֮硣

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ʷƽһĵ۶֮ǣǰʢľ󣬸𶯻Ǻܴģʱһڷ֮;˵ĸŴ죬֮ķʢĿɿڴ⸱飬˿һ

ֻû֪˿е뷨˵һ죬һүԣһ𸩿Ƭ۶ǽµľ

ӵУȽǰִķʢܸƽ޲ľʲôӰ졣

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ƾǵĶǾд壬ٹǾסĵ𣬳˴аҵ֮⣬Щĸ׾Ҫﹺһլ졣

򸮣ڶı֣

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ӵͷ֪ҺͿ϶һϵģУᵽģû֮ǰ;еƣѾ֪˸š

帮ǰţǰһΣǱ򸮵š

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ͿൽЩ΢仯ɫЩ԰ףɫǣһЩʿ󣬷׷

ʱŴ󿪣߳һλɫۣͷ䣬ͷϵŰײ¶һ¥ߣԼʮ£絶̣һɷ֮⣬ѪӵеĶʣǶǻ۹һ䣬ȴϬɣͿԪӵе¡

ҲӦһλսɱʬɽѪĥѪսʿ

΢λ֮жʱȻ𾴡

Ӵλߵͬʱλ֮߳ĿͿ༰½ܼҺʮһλսʿɨնϣϸһ֮£Ϭжʱһ⡣

ӣŲҲǸϵĹܼң֪ǵãͿ΢΢֮󣬴ת˹ܵ

Ųӱǰ¼䣬Ժвûߵӡ

Ų΢΢ͷתͿǿȥϷ˺ٽɣٷ˾ɼûеȵ⺢ӹǰȥˣٽҲ첻ˣǿԳһһֱ߶⺢ӣȥɣһᰲź˵ģ

Ϳţһӵĸ첲ӣߣ˵ţһеһ򼲼ȥ



ӿ ʮ ɥ

ԭԴϴͿԪݻͿڼֻǴҴҼһ棬һƽ޵ݺͳˣϷ˽˽˴ʰװһס

Ϳѣӱ߽ͻ󣬾סڱ򸮵ġһֱչˡ

Ϳ󣬾ֱԾӶȥ

Ծӣ֮УϷɫЩ԰ףҲԵú㲣һۼһ첻һ죬һۼΨһɷҪѻ

ʱűƿϷתͿӸ˻æ߹ס˵֣̲סݺᣬǿɻˣ

ӻˣлϲһ뵽ڲϿҪȥɷϷ˵Ӱ£Ҳһµ

ӽ֮Ҳûüĸ˵仰ֻͶһο󣬾ͱϷ˼Žҡ

¶ۿǺӣˣۿѽ

ǰͿ±Ӣ䲻ݣ㲣ѾɫҰдϣ֣Ϸӽ֮󣬼˫ĿգԽԽɽ޺

վڴߣһȻشνĸףһϢӣҲЩȻ

Ȼ䡭

Ϳ͵ؾ۾ӵһɲǼ䣬֮һǲ԰ҵϣҲ˼ĺΡ

תͷݵۿ֮мʪɫҲе㼤һֱڿ촽䶯˰죬˵һ仰˶ȥ뵥˵˵

⻰˾һ㶣ϷĨĨ۽ǵˮͿͷͶҡ

ʱͿ²֪ͻȻӵ֣˵ӣЩꡭĸܿˣҡûоһ׺͡ɷΣԹ𣿡

ҡҡͷԭһʱյĴԽߣҪ˵ûȥԹˡ

ӵƽͿµϴοЦݣ֣Ӵ߱ȡһҽӣӣΪԭûõĸӵ½⣬ɽ죬ûʲôźˣΪûʲô㣬պãһͼͼʾ֮Ϊɾʱȥȡأһţе븮֮ǰʧһΪʮʱһȴûлҵʧɢˣƾǷµǼȥҵʧɢʮˣΪһֱöԲƺԵǼ¡Ҳھ񣬿ȡ

Ϳһ˵ô໰ͻȻʼһɺѪҲûᣬϢڣӣڳˡ󡭡ҪչҲĿˡ

˵ţͿ½ӵͻȻһɣ˱صڵشϣûϢ飬ȴһο顣



Ϳڼһ֮󣬾Ͱȥˡ

λɳ罫򸾵ȺȥʹȫһƬ廳ķΧ֮С

ðɥ֮󣬵ڶ죬ʽ⹫ɥǸԱǷ׷ǰݼ䡣

鰸ڸǰԺãϷڲసᣬӡͿԴТ鰸ǰÿһǰʱǴͳǶҪдл֮

ſӭŲÿбͽðݼʱŲǰ漸ԾǸͿ׹ϵݴͿµֽ۵Ľʿ

ӻеʽ֪˼֮󣬱Ųྸǰݼ

ʱ΢΢̧ͷֻſ߽һλͦ䣬òӢй֮磬ȴʧӢǷǳʱµߵǰྸһλϮϵڴˣѩ

ྸѩ֮мҶùؽڶˣǰ鰸ǰһ֮󣬱ߵ˼ǰ

Ϳʱѩӣ΢΢һ֮ȴ¶һɫȴЩԾǵ뿪ݵʱСҲǸżʿ̶ֻʱղȻ޷͸СӵΪǹ¡

ѩɫ仯ûӹྸ˫۾ѩʱ¶ɵĿҲ䵽ϣ΢΢˼ۺתѩһۣƺѰʵζ

ѩ˵ͷྸֿۣ¶һ˿Ź֣ѩһۣгãҲû뿪򸮣ֻںе£˸ͤ

һλѾ˲֮ྸظղλ꣬Ƴ֮ˣȷڲֻ֮ͬΪΪαһʱ͸

ѩ˼˻ᣬҲ⣬Խǵ뿪ǰӾżʿΪ̶һ겻Ĺ⾰ȻҲ͸ǳСӶʲôϰЩطŵΪֻǸղųϲ̽Ժһᣬһԣ

Ҳãྸͷ

ʱһͻȻҴ˹һŽྸ

ྸӹţ֮ɫʱùŹְŽѩԶ϶ڣĴչⶾҩ«ʲôҩ

ӿ ڰʮ 

ΪͿ·򸾾ٰ¡ص񣬾ǰݼ䣬ʮ׳ۡ

֮Ϳ·򸾵屻˾ǽĹ԰ָֻյ

ֻķΧ֮УһЩϸ΢ı仯û̫ע⵽

½̼Ҵİսʿڸаʼɢִ񣬲ϤǵĻ׼ӦĶʮսʿ

ԭеЩսʿѾܳݣŲҲ˻ᣬеɢԱóһ֡

ϷøеļҶѾǽԺõġһ£в鰸ӽסҪΪͿТꡣ

УϷ˸ָĸѾߣֱΪ㡢㡢㡢㣬ҪճӡסСһЩӰ˵顣

Ժ֮УŲҲѡǿ׳ھʿ󣬵ǲʹֱΪͿ塢ͿͿߡͿˡ

ʷͿӵ̣˱򸮣Ȼӵ̣Ųڸа˸Ժµְ쵼ﶬĸѾߣͿXȼһЩСˣҪӸ

һж׵֮ͿཫеĹ¼ҶѾ߼ǾһȻصӽЩ¼ǵľԱӾϤеԱɼֲ

ѾģھԵֻʣʱˣͿҪչؿԣҪʱ䰲ŵúܽ

Ϳµһ£Ȼı֪û֤ݣҲûа취ףʵΪ˰Ϳң׷Ϳ¾λţͿΪճӣҲ̳˾λҪιְ뾭ƿһ;

ʮʱ䣬Ϳӽеϸ½Դȥһ֮Ϳͽ˱չ״̬

ڼ䣬ʮսʿܴ˾ǣʮսʿˣﺮ½ڸһﺮ

ֻﺮȴһͿԪдӵš

ͿԪᵽΰڱ򸮵ʮսʿֱͳָӣͿϾκ˶ûȨԤҲ˵ӽʮսʿֻһ˵ҲԽ¸ࡣ

ţϸ˼£ͿүӽʮսʿȫԼƿأʲô⣿

½˵ӣڷҶһ£ϷѾдŸүү뽭Ϻɷսʿеıֺͺο˰ţܻе󣬻ϷΪɣ

˵ţ½̵ﺮ߰ɣ

ǣ

ʱۣͷߵﺮ֣ժ˴ϵߣӲɳһ

ǰ¶ģһŲ԰׵еµûһѪɫѩëüëѩ׵ĺ룬Ƕ䣬Ҳʮ죬һ΢΢ڳ˵ļǣէһ֮£еĶͷ֮ϣһĿū࣬˿ôĿģͬʱҲ𺶡

ڴƹūˣκ˼ˣٱٸѲذ˶Ǵɷûֵ֪ɷζ

𾪵ı飬½̵ӣﺮԳ𣬾ū֪࣬ūɣ

ҡҡͷ

½̵һǰ£мصйأǰʱڣһϣִͿ桢֮⣬½Ϻϡ

½ϣڱຮ֮أΪǵѪ볣˲ͬԹŴķѩĺᣬѩϲѩΪӣҲڳˣеӵܣÿӵг˵츳峤༫ӢѩӵбȳҪ

䵽ǰʱڣʵ۲ų⣬ЩûӣҲͨһҲ뵽ͨ˵֮УҲԺƽԺ嵹Ҳκڣ־Ѿﵽ˶ʢ½ңҲѩͷĺᡣ

ǣ½ϷòӢɫǣѩϳںκʱڣʵۼϲɷѩŮΪѪͳҳңʹ½ϳΪ˺κʱڵµһҴ壬Ͻ֮˼ʡ

κĩʱڣ´ңΪ˶սҲ½ϼˣڱأû⵽Ѫɱһ٣ǣƶʱƻʵΪǰҵڱչһϴ½ǰҹҲʱϽƲѪϴɱ塣

ϴһ꣬½Ҳк˽ѣ䣬ʵ۹ҸȼͶ˽ɣ󷲼ߣɱۡ

Ƶڶʵʱڣʵ۾նɱķʽ̫б̫׵޶˽ɣ½ϺᣬԴΪūֻܹʮۺ󣬲ſȥū

屻ץĺӵܣǲпصĶʮ۵ļ尾մ໹ڿۣ⻹һֱɱ

½˵ʱʮֵļﺮʱͷųһɱޱȵϢͷ֮дһɿ̹ǵĳɱ⡣

ι£ҲΪ֮ݡ

ʵƻʵֻ½ѩᶨūɣδҲ̫˰ɣ

Ϊ£˷ѩĴڣл塢塢塢塭ʮڣЩɢ´½ƶɷҪЩӵ壬ʵǰκʵۣһλᣬ֮ԴκЩ壬ΪǱᣬԭ򣬲Żʹɵ𣬴ӶͼıǵĽɽǻЦ½̺޺˵



ӿ ڰʮһ 

磬ǵһ˵ЩӵĴڡ

ѩ壬ʵ˼֮Уܴ֪ǵ츳ʲôˣ壬Ƿչ׳ӵҰĵĻȷʵʮֿ¡

ӵ֪УôƹƵųɷûкôһʹЩûҰģЩ屻õĻǺ֪

½̵ĻУҲһЩ̫ѰĶ½ᵽǰĿʵһλᣬȴĴ֮һġԭšйôλĴŵԭ򣬾ֵζˡ

Ӳ²⣬ĴţЩ壬Ҳǧ˿ƵĹ

ﺮ˵һ仰ʹͿԪǷŵ⡣

ֻﺮʮսʿŮʮλ½ϺᣬʮλϺᣬʣµλͿӵŮӽϺ죬ܱ֮ˣ

е˶ڴˣü

½ҡͷʮˣֻռһ룬Ҷˣ곤Щĸ˺׵СӣڱѩɽУĿǰʮڡϿۣܿ޷ʵʩӪȣ

ϿӺʵ

½̵Ͽڿ۹ɳĮ߾Ľ֮أնֶޣȴһϽɴƹפʹܿɣ

룬Ϳүھͽôشܸ᲻Щ̫ˣѵͲ

תһ룬ǳڶһΣŻЩܸЩ⣬Ϳ壬ʲôϵͿڰһʲôĽɫԭΪͿ̶ˮû뵽ס

ӵɫ½˵мڿԸ㣬үĵһλӣ½࣬ҵãҲǡѩšҵӣ

˵ʲôӴ󾪣о֮ԽԽңЩеĴ۸ӵĹϵˡ

½̼ӣʵүΣ׼ͿϵĽͶעϣһʱ޷д۸ӵĹϷΪ

Ϳϵ棬ǡԭšŴҵɽϵһ֧ɽڴκʱڣ֪Ǻԭ⵽Ⱥᣬ壬֧ʱһ٣Ǩ˱Ϳա

Ȼ˴ԲԸŹǣǸʱͿΣķ֮£Ͷˡѩšڡšıӻ֮£ŵԱȫ˼壬Ӷ

κĩڣŸƣʹƽ£ȴĴŶƵĹĴУš롮šԴΪɣ롮šͻʹ丽ӹŵ֮Ҳչ˼ҵĶ

͸¶Լ֮䷢ͻĸԭҪΪ˵κʵ۴ŴΧˡš֮󣬡šʧһıתǵ

Ŵһֱܵ飬϶ʧɽʹɽϱȺϹŵܱ¶ŸƶºȻΪض롮š֣֮ڰϡ

ʱվ£ųżǿѹʱأȴһʥ֯Ԯ֯ǡʥڡ

ʥڡ֣ӵͷ⣬ȴûпڣȻĬ

ֻǡʥڡӲ¼ķʱȻдƹ֮ڸǿѹ֮£Ҳ֧ţڴˣšǲһλŮȥʥڡԮʥڻǽŶҲһ겻

½˵ӵӦò²⵽ˣλŮӣϷã

Щ۸ӵĹϵһе򣬻ΪͿйһͿͶ·֮ͶţȻҲű챦żҹ

Ϳһ޴֮УѾ޷԰Σ̶ˮȻס

½̳˼Ƭ̣ȴӽ˵ݽ֮󣬼Ϳϵ״ѾˣôϷ͸㽲µ״

ȻĴƹ̫ƽʢлǰӿⲻ漰Ĵ֮ķҲѾǣϵĶ·ΪĸϵһǸƶµй֮ǣΪɣɵͷ

һǣĪΪ׵ĳϵĻԾӣ뱱ԣΪɣڻɵͷ

ҲɵģͿоɺޣֺĪȻȻҲͶɣʹڳ֮ԽĪΪ׵ɸǿ

Щָ֧ǵĻˣɴӲ뱱֮ĶȴʱɵҼԱᱣҷԴ֮Ĵڡ

ķɣƫκһҲᱻκһ£գֻڻʵۣһɣų͢ڸ࣬ɵľȨҲǻص£Ķ⾩ǣͳ˶ΪҸӵǷȦģɴ˺ɢ⣬Ҳµ״ˡ

ͿϣҪֺĶȦͱÿһҪСܳκβΪʵڶ漰Ĵŵ壬һֽ䱸޷һһγֻʱЩϵǣƣʹƽ⡣



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ƾ ڰʮ ׻

Ϳ뽭֮ĸ˶Թ˫һֻҪĸ棬ʵ۶һֻ۱һֻۣȥһ漰˹֮Ļʵ۾ͻֶƽ⡣

򱱾ȱĴ󽫾ְ񣬱ضǱһΣʵǲýĪлᰲӽġ

ľһ˻ʵ۵׾⣬Ŀǰһ򱱾붨ʵ۱ҪྸοУܱ񳯾ֵ΢ƽ⣬ֱһȫںһ¶Ұĵɣлɣγһ㶦֮ƺٻͼ֮

½̽ͿٵƣµƶĺͿϲα͢ȣƳѽһʧƣôͿضĵˣؽ֮ء

ӾãͿ̫űӻĻΣΪʵۣôȨ֮ϵ֯ڣǰκʵ۱ţ˻ʵۺн˳Ĵ֮ģοƹʵۣЩйҪġ

ͿҪȣֻܽƻȨĴѣͿҪΣ֮֮ϵȫתʵһֻйͿѵıɡ

Ȼǰ£ͿҲҪǿ

жʮλ֣ԴҪʹãһҪǵƷӵ£ѰЩ˵鱨йɻֺ룬ǽǰһЩعɱֵļժѡһЩڸЩսʿѵһ֧רҵعɱֶ顭

ϸ룬ӵ½壬ȻүӰЩսʿϣҵһЩ뷨λǰ

Ŷ˵½Ȥص֪СӹӶ࣬ºԡ

ӵʮڻһ֯ܣ֯

ӽһЩֱۣйɱѵһЩʱֱ۵ر˳

½̺ﺮһۣǵУǷֱ𿴵˶Էе𾪣ɱֻ齨ѵδţֱЩ˼ϸӱݣֲòţͨ⺢ӵŰͷԺǻۣܹʵ֡

ֻ½̻Щ⣬ӣЩսʿǶ½ϣСͿ϶ӻҳ⣬ǲõģᵽҪ֯һ

ȴҡͷ½̵Ļ½ƵūɷЩֻܹЩءĵļҰǰ£ǵѱϣǿȽӴһЩ壬ǵĿΪǱᣬȽ׹ͨҲ׻Σ룬Ҫе֯󣬲ǼһıӻЩ֯󣬴Сʼ֯Ľѵ

ӵһϸĲͣ½ﺮٴζӣǵ֮Ѿ𾪣һԵ

⺢ӽԵյʮֵλǷѩĺᣬõͿϵıӻȶıϣʹǵܹƽطȥΪ˱ȻҪҳϣΪͿô֮ǸӲ壬ǰĻǽ֪

ǣҪֽһ֯Ǽ򵥼仰еͨģҪ㹻ǿͲ֧ŲУﺮ˵

ӵͷʵЩ뵽ˣҪ׬ǮĻΪһִԽˣǱȽĵģֻȱһ

½룬ﺮ˵Ҳеӣôѵ⣿

ҡͷλǰʵҪԶ֣ͿӵеԴֻҪʹãȫ㹻֧ǽ֯תҪ֪֯Ϊһ˷񣬶ΪͿϼģ

ţǶԾӪⷽһϲͨҲﲻʲôæ֯óһ³̳Ҳȥʵʩ½̵

룬λǰսʿҲʮ֮֯ĿܣʮλսʿΪĴһʮʱ乹˼һе齨ʵʩ⻹Ҫλǰϣƣ

ӣ֯½̵

룬׼׻ơ

׻ƣ½ﺮǲ⣬Ҳûжʡ

Ҳûиֵʵ֣Ҳ廳ǰģȷʵмġ

֮齻ʱ֮󣬱ȥ׼

֮󣬾ͼʷڿȺӼûʣʲô£

ʷ˵үྸӣȥһˣ˵ţʷ¾óһС

Ӵѩ룬ȥһˣ͵Ǻðɣȥ׼һ£Ͼȥ



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ƾ ڰʮ ӥ

ྸھϳΡΰưĴƹʹȺ䡣

ӻΣʷУĴ֮£ͨʹǰߵĲһתһྸĴſڡ

ⲿྸռԶȱҪҲ˵ΰĽſһ׳񣬻ǱֱվſڣӢ˻籦ף溬ɷӥ䲻ʦͷ·Ǽ칬񣬲˶ɭһɾη֮ġ

ǣԱߵһǺûдţǴӲŽ

ȣ˴ԼһٷĹ򣬵һصıԺſʱȻһȫĺëͻȻ

ǿϢ˭̽

о֮ʣʱԺſڳһӰٶȼ죬һɾ

Ȼ֪ܵ˹Ҫ̽ʵӰϮ֮ʣһᾢȫѪҺ·ȼһ㣬ȭͷͶִϮȭͷ

飡

·һ㣬ǿӲȭͷ֮ʣְĴ죬ž໥ײ֮£һԶΪģֱɢȥΧҶ׷Ʈ䣬ͺǱһɿһ㣬һƬǽ塣

ԷʵôǿҲǳʦʵȭȭԽ֮վԭزǸˣȴ˺

һôȻʦʵ˼һΪοԺúýѵأߺߡ

ʱǸͻȻһȣ֮дЩһЩȡ

ȴǿЦʰɨϵҶ΢΢£

ˣǵ֪Ҫݷãϲؾǰ͵Ⱥſڣ׼һϲֿɯ

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ֻڿƺ֮ɯͶʱһ죬ͽӵϵ֣һ˹¶һŷۿɰС㣬ˣ˵ţݺݵصһۣܻ˱Ժ֮С

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ôʲôӣõôģȻҪ̬

ʣλЦһ֮󣬱˱Ժ

һԺͼѩһ֮ͤУͤʯϣż裬ðѩҡȣŵȻ΢Цͷʾ⡣

ߵͤУ΢΢ѩ

ضɣѩͷʾ⡣

ҲһλѾǰΪò鲽˵һߡ

ѩӼۣͷһ£㵹ҹĿ࿴ɯһԣһ֪˶ݵʱͳΪʦȻǰͿϼӵӵе츳

ˣµͲֵһˣǫ

ѩȴ˵ɯչ٣ǿŻʹ͵šԵʣʹôʱͻƳΪʦǻԶǰȻͻƣĻԽЩӰģ

Ǿ̸֮ӵͷͰԼ¡

ֵۣܣˣ

ʱһǺĽӱԺſڴ˽תֻϲһ·Ϳ˹

׼Ҫܱ֮ʱȴͻȻվСү

˿ףڰգʱסˣôһﵽ˸Ƶģͱþн

ѩ˵ͷӰԵͷȻԱߵѾǵǶȥɣ

ǣѾǹ֮󣬱׷׳˱Ժ

һ˹ΪʲôôףϾɲݣСүֻƽݣǲ̫çײģЩѾ촫˳ȥһЩҪ鷳ġ

ѾǶ˳ȥ˹ԣ§סļ͵ֵܣûۣƣҵķڿǾǵӥٺ٣Щһ׽ӥҵķĶ֣

㿴ҵ裬ᱶܴģǲÿ˰ɣӼΧûˣҲͲٿס

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Ͳô£ֻ߳ͤӣѸٵشһرƣȻ˸ڣͼ֮ϴʱͻȻֳһڵ㡣

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Ѿαԭ࣬˫ϬӼֱ˲ҶӣëŵϽɫӵǿ󣬸ӵ鶯

ֻ迴˰죬ڻǵ˿һЩ͵صǰɣӥޣ

ƾ ڰʮ 

ȷʵı仯ˡ

ǵʱӵʱӥȡʱ򣬾͸о跢΢仯

ԭϾѵʱ򣬿ǾӴԵʣҲûϷı仯ֻǺԽԽ費øӴ䵽ĸ첲ϵʱҪܳŵסϸһӲŷ֣֮£Ȼ˱졣

ѾҪʱʱιʳһԼȥʳˣʱӻ֣ᷢڲʳı׼Ҳͨʳÿ貶Ұûǵ󣬾Ȼͼľޡ

һеı仯֤ʵǸ𾪵Ĳ²⣬Ҳˣ˸ǿľӥޡ

ֻɾӥ֮ӻһֵǾԼøˣʱֻҪһٻͻѸٵ䵽ϣȻһֱҪʱܲᣬƽʱȥʱ趼ʱ

ÿϣ򿪴˽䵽Ĵͷߡ

һеӰ˼⣬Ǳǵľޣڱǿ󣬶Ҳûǰҳϣʱٻȴ෴øӵѵԼʲôһֱ裿

ӵĸ첲ϣʹ˾ӥ֮ȻӰٰǹɣĽ۾ˡ

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׼֮󣬴ةฮĹӶ֮μ⣬˾ʾҲûҪμӵ˼ʣӣСү˼

֮һ֮󣬶֮ȻСүμӣλҲϷֻǶ֣ҲûȤζӵעΣ

Ŷ׼ѹʲôעѽһ֮ҪעȤʵ

֮һЦȻ˫ģһλʱС˹֮ڼӵĶ˵˼ǼӱС˳ȥ

ǴЩҪȲظһӻһСӣӣɫֳһЦ˵ϵȾԪһţ֮ףǧ󣬾עǲ֪׼ʲôעأ

һֹݣóôصĶעòӦΪȼ۵Ķעһˣüͷ

׼ֵˣɫҲ΢΢һ䣬Ϸѣ벻λСүô棬Բʶӻôԣⴿˡ

Ҳ⣬ִӻҲȡһƿҲһž޵ȻϵȾԪԲһ㣬ȴǿɽٶġٲݵСүҲʶ֮ˣ᲻֪ٲݵļֵɣ

ٲݵüͷȷʵǺöа뵽ǽڷչⶾҩһַϧ۵ĳ̶ȣӮתȥͽԶȡЩʵõĶһýǷ飬׬Ⱑ

Ϊ˹ƽǵĶעɱܣλûɣ׼취Լϵʲô棬˰죬ҲûжӦĶϣͷأҲóӦעа˿

ʱ֮ӱŸ͵ĺһ·С˹Ǻӽ֮У֮ǺӴͼһʵعӣϵͼı

ǽ

֮óǰѽڳ֪ȻǳŴ󻧣ҲᣬʱҲɵ˿

ͼ֣ǽ۹Ķʦǰü亱ɵة˼Ϊ䰮׼ұģעһ

֮еľȣɵһЦ˽ǺûҶżҵ֮ʸҸô˽紫ҪѴ˽ұ󣬾ͽ˽͸ң

˵ţ֮΢΢Уұ뽫˽͸ֿģһֱҲᣬȻСүóԪעүԵúˣѽעɣ

ӹ󣬡ৡذγʺֻһէ֣ӳ䣬ǽͨ巺һɫĺâĿˣǽϵÿһͷҪϵȺǣ˿һ۶ñǷڵĺâ̵úҪ˵۾Ѫ

ȻǺý⽣˼£̾һ󣬽װؽʺ̧ͷ˵Ȼ˸ԸóЩƷעϣԸķ䣬º˿ɲҪڣһЩӦõҵ˼

Ͷ֮˵ͷ׷ӣ֮Բˡ

ƾ ھʮ 

ѣûбҪͶôע˭ӮˣⶼЩ̫ðɣ

ֳ£ƺǳ䵱һһĽɫôעȴЩ˻᲻˶ɵ͵ìܡ

⻰ųڣһλڹµĶ֣αϹͣͷˣܿϷǣʵǶСүҿֻӮλɨɨ棬»һ˼ģ

ŶͼΪΣµ

ѵųǽСүǾ仰Ц֮⣬С˾һŮҲǾɫˣƿҪˣСүͶֵȻڼǰһͷˣ

ˣȻԭˣҲҶˣ

֪ͺã㻹˵ҪСүֹҶעһ棬С˺ڼǰͷأٺ٣

һλʱҲ͵ǽ뾫Ԫȷʵ˿ѽ

ȻЩС֮û֪ӶֲڶС

ȻûôϷʼ

ʱվǰĹٲ֮⣬ҪϢ֮ɣһϢ䣬Ǽͷʧ׼ѰУҲ䣬ɣô׼ͷʤˣʼɣ

˵꣬׼õľǩӷŵһߵӣȻ󽫴Һ󣬴ЩȲ˹һһȴЦЦתͷӵ֣˼õţڶ䣬ǩʽûɣ

ûУ

ӵͷҲߵǰһ֧ǩͼǩд֣תŶ֮õţһôȻǵһ֣Ҳûɣ

֮ʱҧˣǴʱɫҲЩ̫ãΪͶ֮ôҲõţȴû뵽СӾôһãõһţһĻȳѹǺܴ

ù

ۼˣ֮ȻЩƣߵϿյأһʾ֮˽źõߡ

֮ȻҲ䣬ȻΪߣҲ;żʿʵǿҲʱֻһһֽͲ˸ת֣䱳Ȼƣʹ°ȵ

ʼ֮漴ͼ˫һţһѽһٶʮţǹ˸ң漴ϼ

飡飡飡飡飡

춯֮һ֮ԷɿַٶȴӱͲȡһֻϹΣʮѸݣͣٵĹ򣬹ȻϢ֮ھ䡣

֮֮кūǼ̧˹ҽۿ

ǰļаģһЩǼЩƫ˰Щڰĸ

ã

˿֮ļˮƽߣ׷ֹƽкãǴҲЩؿ˶֮һ۵֣벻ļˮƽ߰

ɸλ佱СүСү΢ĩˮƽֵһᣡ֮˵Ŀ佱Ȼ˵ǫ飬ǹɵİȻ֮ȴԾȻϣֻԼ֪ѡ

ʱѾкūµļзźλãֵСүϳˣ֮Լıַǳ֮£ֽݸ˴ߵһ߽ӹ˵ë֣˳һƣƷͺǾǾһ㡣

ӹ֮תۿһȻƽһۣԼļˮƽǺŵģȻ֮ıֲĿ佱ҲֻǿװˣԼȫģ

ϵóֱ֮ʾʼͼСүһ֮ͬҪӳǹ֮ʱǹǡ죬ƺҪһ㣬ȡ

飡飡飡飡飡

ͬ䣬Ǵ֮ʱҪȶ֮ÿַԲݣÿһǹҵĺҲֹĺܵλϢ֮ڣλСүɵĻ

ֱ

ȺūǼ̧˹һȻλò̫һϣ֧ȫкģɷ׷ٴιƽкãεȫҪȶ֮Ҫҳ־õĶࡣ

Լ֣Ȼûж֮ǰΣǹŨŨЦ⣬ȴôҲʱɫûκα仯ӣȴ룬СôӮң䶨ˣ

֮ĳɼ֮ǰϵǹɵɫһգ޵СүȻ簡

ʱߵߣǹݸӺЦ֣һ䣬ˣѹȻ˵㣬ǧҪڽŶѰУһһ䲻аĵĻǻεŶ

̱ƵĻüͷЩãҪӷڸʩѹ

ת룬ٿӵɫȻȻƽûн˷ϣɫҲ͸ζЦݣеСӵɣӵļЩèɱȵģʱ˭Цͷɣ

ӽӹֻ֮˴Ͷ֮һۣȻ˵λлǵľԪͱˣ˵ţںūǰںµļ֮󣬾˳ء

⻰ٿǵȻ򶨱飬Сү֮һۣһͻѵСز¶ļ֣

֮ȴҧҧϢ֮ɣУһԶһ㣬׼ͷĻҲһ䣬Ǻξ֮У˵⻰ӦŻǰˣ

йעһʱǲ֪һλˣڻĴڣҲͬעԺеӡ

ƾ ھʮһ 似

Źߵʱȿ˿ٲ֮İģֻ΢΢һ񣬱оǰľͺǰһ

ľ룬Ҳ̫˵ɡ

΢΢еԼԽԽԵı仯Ӧöǹ鹦ŨܵµľԵʰɡ

ܵȻؾƽϢʾ˿ʼֻ֮ǿǰһȻ粽΢΢һԵʮд⣬Ҳһȡֱֻӽǹɴҡ

һȡֻʱ򣬴ʱڳ˶ɴ۾ϴŲ˼ı飬ǴʧʲôһϢô

֮ҲʧһȴڿϵҪаС

һĻֱ۵֤ʵ֮е뷨Ŀɿڴ֮£ֻӹȻһϢ֮ȡֻöָУĴָҺָǱħһ㣬ѸٵشϹң漴һţٶȿЩ޷󣬾һ˫϶Ϊһоζ

飡飡飡

ҵ춯ڴ˿̣·ڵ˵һ

ϢֻϢӾ䣬ʱ˲ûڿǷУĿȫͶעӵϣŴ죬д𾪣ƺֳֻ֣֣

Щһ߹ۿڹӵļˣʱҲͣǿɴûмܹһϢģڽ죬Ȼˡ

˴֮кūܵУǼ̧˹

̧ǼȥٴδһֱĽˡ

ͼǰֻаģҳһУΧ֧䴩Ƥģβ˼ֵֻϣֻ֮䣬ûκεķ϶

似似

µȻعʹƲ˵лͣ̾

ʱҲعҲ׷׿ʼĹƣоϣĵøУǿɲһ˿ɱȵģֳɼ⣬ֻӮ˴֮ǿҪ޳ľɥûɵģޱȵĹ񫿪ģֻɫҲ׷Լãʶʲôǿǿ֣

ӶԼֳɼҲûио⣬ǰͿõʱϰһϢ䣬˵ڻ£ȻǺдɡ

Сү֣ˣ󣬽һλū΢Ц

㣬ôģƺԲԸʵ˿ضǾһŻһܲڰϣ֮Ҳκο϶ֻ

˵ǰļ֮һǴ֧мӲȥģСү飿

㣬Ӯˣ

СүȻԸޱƾɥĽʵʤ۱磬˺ð죬ʹޱȵҧ˵֣˵вʣһǽܲڰĵֻͺԼͷһһܸУԼǸġ

ҶѣСүֲҪ֣Ǻǣӿ˴֮ǲ԰׵һۣ΢Ц˵

Ƕ֮ʱҧˣηͷûгɣһүүİıλȥҪͷʱͷȴѾڵѪ

ֹȻز¶ļֲ֣ûСүЦ÷ֻǲ֪֮ϵĳɾͼΣٱȻȻȭţεĶעϵö쾧ָֿȻӮΣСүˣԵܲġ

Сү屾Ҳ˷֮£ȭۣټ֮Щֻ˵ϷˣٱȭŵĻʵЩˣһ˵ˣɨ˴ҵ£˾ˣɴϵɣٱȭţ˴һеݣ¶ԴľЩʱվ˵

˵еȭŹıԣҿˣ˺ҪǴȥǾڶŹͲ̫ˣЩãʱҲ˻

Сү˻ʱмʹģҲνˡ

֮ûһϣϾܾ֮󣬲֮ϡ

ʱ֪˭Сˣ

˽ĿϽ׷֮ȥʱ֮һλɫŮӿƾǵһŮ

߹ʱ˶סһ־ޣѾ˵κεĻ

ʱӵĿ䵽λŮϺ󣬶һֱŮӵľɫգԼǽ壬ȻҲһϢУĿһʱ޷ƿŮӵЩ˺



PSƼղأлpqwlwg2004ֵܵĴ֧֣

ƾ ھʮ һŮ

Ⱥ﹫ʧӣ˲Ϣ仮һĨܰĹâ

ʱϮˣͬͨŮϵ㣬йȻζ֮󣬸оˬУƮƮɡ

߹ԽԽʱŵϵ֮ȴȻ֮䷢һֱܣԵĻع



ƺϤһˮĲЩƣɷȴвͬǿ֮бʹһȻ㣬ϣǵʲôʽģŶĻƴʱҲˡ

뵽̧ͷٴδλɫ㣬ǵľɫŮʱǵɫɴȹ֮£΢΢¶һ˫µСţȻĩȹ֮Уһرͼ磬滹λòʵϳҲСŮ

龰ͺŮ·Ļһ㣬չ

Ȼλ¥Ůӣݵλ£⻨֮е﹫ǣȫԽΪϷȡֵĶġ

ȻλŮӣȴڳ˶µ˼

Ůӳ֮󣬳ѵӣд֮ڳĶǿһЩģҲнʮĹ򣬱ľɫ

λӺǿļ۽磡

˹󣬳ӵһЦ˵ЦծģһڳǼΪ֮㵹͡

Բදͺݺڸ質оֵģģȫë״򿪣й˵泩Ϊ֮ԡ

䵽ԼȴǾ̧ͷ󣬲ûӣıܿ

ǱʶܸоŮӣϵ͸¶һֹŹ֣ȻÿԺ֮лһЩֵͷܿʧ޷ץס

ˣֻǵСˣ

˶֮ǫһ䣬񣬱õĮƽȴû䵽ŹŮϡ

ţ

ƺڸղűòסܺܿعЩɣ˿ϵı飬ԼĵĮвɳԾа˺ǿĶ־ȻԼõ֮Իѵʲô

յҲԵùž޲ֵӹǫˣСŮƽߣй˰ļˮƽ

ʱҲ׷׻عǼѾ˹ѾںӶ˵ǹ¼ͼЩ֮ˣʱҲɫ죬аԷ֮ɫǰȻ̶ֳȡ

ٿʱĿ⣬ȴ˾塣ֻμ棬ܲɫ㵹һ̸֮ЦȣڳЩˣǼλɫŮֹһ档

ʱ˶عǳǳһЦ˸ӣμСүСүλӣ˴٣øλõȣλˡ

õȣõȣǵپãܼСһ棬Ҳֵõģ

СүǷæʾ⡣

ʱԱߵҲ͵Сƽѵһҵüݹ⣬Ҳǵĸ֣Сֺαأ

ǰǰȸʮ˸ʱҲĸԸ

Ӽ˿ӹӸǶȿֺλǰڣֺ֮Դǣа룬Ůӹ̫Ư̫ˣ﹫ǰͷҲò

ɵãٴλǰλʦĻ

һŮˣǺջˮһǿε޷ܣûһ˶ٲ֮أһ֯һҸ

ղŮӣ﹫ĴҪɱĻڳμǸʱ̣ʱ´ʱڣҲһ߱ʬˡ

һ뵽龰ķֱðٴΰԾԼŮˣ滹ҪСضԴźá

ʱ䣬ǹºͼЩӡǱݷӵʱˣӶԴνʫʸ踳֮ĶȤ˼µĴʾ֮󣬾ͷ˯

ǰѧʱµһЩ˿ڵʫ䣬ҲֻһģӡóӣЦ󷽡

ҲûȥǸȤڲڼǰԼʱʱ˳֮УԺ֮пʼͣڹ˼齨׻ơ֯һЩϸע顣

ʫʸ踳֮ҲԶһЩҲûбݵĿĵģȺУĬĬŵߣһ˶ڻ֮г˼ʲô£˴֮ҲʧٴȤ

Ҫ˵˳ʱ־֮⣬ʵûʲô룬ۣŮˣߵ˺֮⣬Ķãעصģˣֵܣ

ƾ ھʮ 

ڻʱ˼š׻ơ֯ĿܽڸְܲŵĻ֮ϣŲЧҲΪ

ڲ˹ֹͣ˼

ʲô

ӵļʱ̧ͷ㻹ʵ˵ɣ˺˱ȼмλС֮⣬ûбͼӦȽ˽ҵ֮һҪ˵ҪΪ˸ҽЩˣҲ̫ţ

ʲô¶㣡

еСƵ˵ֵܣҶ˵ʵҪΪұܣ

ӵͷĬ

濴һۣ˵ʵѩҸİţҲ֪ΪʲôֻǸңȻҵҪĴ𰸣ҪĴ𰸣

ҵĴûУͻȻЦƺ뵽һЩȤ顣

ֻҵһ룡

Ϊʲô˵һ룿Ӳ⡣

˵˵һ룬Ǿڽڹ˵÷⻰Щѵı֣ԼǺһЩٶΪ˴֮УƽʱһЩȻʵų仰һֱμǣҸ޲ڣΪȻأ

̽ǵͬʱͬʱҲҲ̽ҰɣֱָģȻ˵

⻰ɫ΢΢һ䣬æ͵ӣ㵱ѵģö⣬ӦҲʵҲû̽˼ݵ֣Ѿ˴𰸣˵Ҫҵһ𰸣ǹҵδҸоã

ֻҪԼ£ϲ¾ͺãҪ̫ǿӸ˼ѹѿһ㣡

ӣѵ㡭֪ʲôӵϯԵüΪԾΪЩգ벻һơ

ҲǴĻм²뵽һЩѣ滹ˣҲû̫Ծ⿴һۣʱ䣬Ҹ˵ĵطЩ°ɣǷ³̸Щ

˵³ʲô˵ӣ֪ҪΪТȴҪʲôʧ֮㲻Ҫϣ

ҡҡͷһʷαڻǱǽƺ뵽ĳЩȤ£΢Ц죬ҽջɣӮһѺýһϵȾԪּʶ˾ǵһŮľŻҲû

Щɫ滺ҲЦЩһķӮǣҲǸһѵ֪ʲôǼ֣ǰöҪʰ·壬ѩмѣèװXŪֱ뻢Դϴǵӥҵķȥ֮һﻹģǼ裬Ҫȥײǽˣ

˵ͻȻͰӣ֣İЦֵܣܲҵķ㼸ѽ

⻰ͻȻתͷ죬ŵ˵Դû㶺ɣķҾˣңˣµʱ޶ҪˣҪ

ҵķôɣţЩɲ˵

ӵͷ룬ķΪԼδǰ;԰ٷְٻģ

ǻˣֻôͷЩ˵

ʱԺ⴫һתƳУƺ޾˼֮飬Զߵ˶ҹȺɹ龰˲֮ҲʼƮҡ

Ȼܹöе⾳ɣȻúȴûдﵽУ޷԰εĳ̶ȣֻǴ͵ĽǶ֮󣬺ܿͻع

һȴһ޷԰ε⾳Уҡҡĸ첲ѣع˵Ȼ鶯֮󣬾ħƵģɸУ

ȷʵ鶯ȴҲЩ⣡ӳרעٵһۺתͷ˵ŮܸоЩŹ֣Ȱ֮ɫ

˵ͻȻһ˿Źֵͷ͵ץס˿Ҫݼŵͷζһ֮ͻȻðһ𾪵Ĳ²òһλŮӰɣ

⣿⻰⣬˵⻰ν⣿

ӵѵ㲻ãС㣬̫𣬼ûκε覴ȱ㣬³⻰ԼĥʱˣҾȸˣ

ͬаɣҲٴˣ˵ţҲվҲûƵһļ˴кͳ˻ŸԵļš

ԺС

˳֮󣬽ҲȻֹЩıжϺҲعС㣬ôͻȻжأ

ʱɫȻƽȴһ㶼ƽڰ룺ĿʲôΪҵġƻûãСүһ뿪

ƾ ھʮ ʧܵװX

С㡭С㣬ǲʲô£еĻ˵ҰСүƺʲô£Ѱʡ

ǰǰСʲôѿԾ˵ûǰ첻ģһЩӸʱҲǼֺõظŸ͡

عǰˣûɵͻȻһᷳ˵ѵλֻûע⵽λӹСүѾȥСŮӵ˿ˣλѣǼʧ𣿡

ʱ˲Żعתͷ¿˿ȴСүѾȥ򣬼˶һۺ󣬲ϷȣپΣСүǰɶˣҲ֪Сүôǡ

ʱͼһۣ˾ɫվʱ磬СүּȥҵҲиˣ

˵ţ˶һ֮󣬾뿪

ʱҲվʣµ˸˸λСŮͻЩʣϢ֮λӼ£ٻλŮŮ¯͸Ը뿪

˼Ҳ뿪ˣپȤҲɢˣǶ֮󣬶˲С

֮ȿڵСүҾСӣöԪˣǰǽүİ֮㿴ʲô취Ҫø߶Ҳɣȥ֮ү֪¥עүӶң

ĪװXװX³

˶֮һۺ˵ֵܣԸķ䣬λֵԸأǵҲð죬Ը⣬òҪ⣬ӦÿóСүλֵܣǴͬעСү֤СүСүȥһ磬ʱٰѴͱ¾үӣҲҪһº

ô죿СүҰ֮ɥ

Сү룬˵ͷ㱸һݺȥ򸮰ݷһλֵܰɣֻҪϰװXʵ˵ҿҲǼ黬֮ˣӦòΪ㣬ֵܷȰһ䣬ûһʵ֮ǰòҪװX½õ֤Ϊ֮ɣ˵꣬Ҳ뿪

֮ʱɥ˼㣬֮߳󣬿źŵļͣת£Ըϵκ˵ȥǻͷѸٸү׼һݹصĺһ罫͵򸮣֪ô𣿡

һͷǣǿЦƨɺķйºָֻƽ첽ϡ

ǱǶɢ֮󣬴ʱǻһʱͻȻ򿪣ͼŮ˳

ʱü΢ƺʲô˰죬ſ˵עλͿӽһһҪ֪һж˵ţ΢΢£éޣŮ˵£ҲҪ֪֮ԽϸԽã

ǣŮ빪Ӧһλת֮ҲֻգۼĹ򣬱ʧӰ٣ֻһŵɫӰԵüΪ졣



ƻʱ֣Ѫ

ǵıſڣʻһԣǸһλƮƮòӢꡣ

һһŹٷ·ǳʿ겻ͨˣҲܿӹ·һʱɫ΢΢һ䣬ЦԭԺݵӣ˵ţҲ̲鳵شŷС

Ӣܿؽӹ·֮󣬾ʹ˳ǣԼ䣬д˵Ŀ
֮ʱһɫһ˹ʣС磬ոʲôͷӣеŰ

СĳĨ˰ͷϵĺ˵ֵܣ֪ϸ漮ǺʿˮϵıƿӦ֪ɣԴҶڴ󺣣½ظݵϣǰʱھСϻߡ֮ƣƶ֮󣬺ϱ̫ʵаұͳ˧ʮ򶨺庣ĸҴƳϷһ⣬׹

СɫһʱʵС磬պգô;ǵ̲ˣӦһ˰ɣ

Сϵӵܣ֪ϷһΪ߾Ӷ࣬ٴЧǵλǲԺϣҾͲˣ

СͷҲûʣ̧ͷ֮󣬱С磬ɫҲˣȥҵƲ缸˳źٺȼһɣ

ֵܣôҪƷѽ缸ô˼ûãСϹſĵЦ˵ţȴǶģܻϵСֵܺкøУȴֵȻˣȥɣһҲûϵ

Ҿȥˣһξٴ飬Сҵһ˵ţС˳ǣ߹һ֮󣬺ܿؾͲӰ

ԼһٷĹ֮СȻװȻڶ򸮸һ۵õֽƬߵһεĽŵһ֮󣬱ٴʧ

Сʧ֮ʱһҶ·˾شεص㰵ȡֽƬ󣬵̯λЩճƷַ֮תȻ˱򸮵ĺš

շתֽƬֻڽһĹ򣬾ͳ֮еһ֮ϣЧʷǳĿݡ



PSºȶˣλ°һ¡лǡĴ֧֣ͬʱҲٴθлд֧֣ͶƱղֵ֧ĸλֵܽǣ

ƾ ھʮ ҹ

䣬̫̫Թ̫̫֮еƣۣϢȥˡ

ĸ˵һ֮Ѿߴ˵ʷҪ㱨Ӱ֮ҲԴŴ

ص֮ͼʷܼŲѾڿȺˡ

ŲãλϹܼʺһ󣬾ŲҰ£нˣ

ŲҪҰŵʮˣѾͨϹϵԼһЩϲ£Ҫţ˾иԵ֮УѰ׵ˣ

лŲһôͰźˣлǺܻϲģġ׻ơƻĵһѾ˳ȥˡ

ǲʱҶ˴ҩģ˶ˣ

ŲŹֵؿһ۵ҩҩ̶٣˷ֳȥģھͨѾˣҲڴҩģүòǣ

ӵͷЦЩҩȻҲбôŲͲòˣ

ŲȽһЩҩҪʲôȴֵЩ⣬ѵӣ㰲ЩսʿǵĸԵţҿռʲôҪ鱨ϢȻҲ֪׼Ҫʲôһǵ㣬⾩ˮһһһڰмţС£

⻰ȴΪȻȻŴҲмعִѵļعˮƽЩģȽǰ˼뼼屸ģӺĽ׻ơ֯ĿܴȻȥʵ׳

ҪʵʩЩƻⱱȴҲκεĳ⣬Ϸ˺ڻϲܸͿæڿԣҲѾе񽻸ŲŲͱȽϹؼˡ

ŲˣȻӶ˽Ĳֻ֪࣬ͿԪĸͿԪսɳʮأ֮󣬾͵˱ܼңжһŮѳɼҵҲΪ¡

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ֻеͿԪ֮ӱѲͿԪ콫ЩȥˣܿҪҪŲ뵽׻ơ֯ΧӶԴÿһ£Ǻصġ

ƺûнҸȥŲҲ˵ʲô͸뿪

ʷȥ׼һЩ˽֮󣬾ȥҡ

ϵƬһۣͽֽƬɷ飬Ц벻ݽͷ꣬ȻԺϣȻһˣôֽǸͷӦҲ˾ǣԽԽȤˣ

°ͳҪҪȥһͷأ

룬ʱͷóֽ˵ʱдһܳżֱʱ֣Žдá

ϸ˿ûʲô©ֽ֮ã߳ԺӺһУɿ䵽ĸ첲ϡ

ӽװһСͲϣȻһĶƣƺһ㣬ĽͲ߶УԼйһЩӰ񣬻һЩ֮ͷǵز˲ӵ֮󣬱һչ򣬷ڵҹ֮УӰ



Ϳ

賿ʱ֣Ѿһ˿ǰɫ

ǰ㣬һɨڸиɨţƺûмϹ

ʵɫԿɨѵ֣΢΢ڲɫҲЩ̬Ĳ԰ףһӾͲһ

ʱͿϿգͻȻһڵ㣬ǺڵطŴȻһֻ񿥵ӥ

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ߣǸͲҲûд򿪣ҲûٴɨͿ첽լȥˡ

լʱҪͨʱͿԪҲѾ𴲣Ҫ׼߶߶ͼŸͲ˽

ϻǺúɣҪٲˣӰ״̬̫ãͿԪɫеص

û뵽ֽʮʱ䣬Ȼս˸ܾˣһʮǰĶԹСˣ㲻ʲô

ͿԪ޿ŸͲʵǣ

ŶǺѵӥղżӦǸүģүĿ˵ţͲͿԪޡ

ͿԪ޽ӹͲȴЦ⺢ӣЩڳ˵뷨벻ӥţЧȷʵʮ˵ţͿԪޱͲͼװźһȡǷɾĵһţչ

ֻǿǷʱͿԪ޵ɫʱ־ϲ˫ŵ֣ȻЩڲ

ûٿȥֱӴһܼңңһʱϵȥ

ƾ ھʮ ߻

ʦΪͿԪ⼤һһӾͷ·Ϳ֮ͶһöըʹͿļž׵Ĵơ

ЩѾҲ֪ʲô£һûԵʮֻң֪Ϊʲôүӻ컹ûʱͻȻôĻ

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Ϳǲ⣬ʵף׷ʲô£

ͿԪ޽еǷŽͿ㿴˾͸ף

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ͿԪϻοʱԵ÷ǳġ

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ˣͿ֮Ҳʱ׸׵Ļô˵ʼͿӵܣǰ˲ٿ֪࣬ԭڸذͬʱҲбҪ㹻Ρ

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常žǺдȻϴελдž˵֮˼ֱܹΪ̽ʦ˰ᵽһЩҵ߻ʵʩֱδŰ

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ʮǱףͿԪƶ֮ͷ

ʱͿףŵᵽʵʩ˳ĻÿҪӵã

ҪôǮʲôͿԪ޸ղûаſ꣬⻰֮Եʮֲ⡣

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ŶͿԪ֮󣬶ʱ뵽һЩ顣

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ͿͿԵʮ˷ܣͿСպţ˾ʹҴҳǲѸžԻ˲߲ˡ

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ͿԵЩԾףѵ½ﺮЩսʿܶˣ

ǣ

Ǹףǲ̫Щһ

ͿԪްִϵΪղž͸߹㣬Ҫ㹻Σ⻹һ¿㲻֪δ뿪֮ǰﺮ½־ᵽͿУֶƿͿ֧ѡĪ

֪ѩһֺǿҵĸйֱֱ飬ͿҲǿֱŶʮǰǴΣ

Ϳ˼

ͿԪֵĿǰͿ֮У֪ܵ˲࣬½ϵЩڴƹڻʵ۵ļɻ䣬ǱҪСĽҪôǮ֪Щ֮󣬶Щ˼֮Ӧȫ֧Ϸţ⺢ӽһ춯صͿϼǽĴҪ⺢ṩӻܼȥ

ƾ ھʮ 

峿һһƬơ

򸮵УӻӺ꣬ȭ֮䣬һ·ȼһľ磬żǿĴ͸ƻԡ

˾ǣӶԼµƻһֱûмϹǾʱѾоԼڵǹɳġÿѨ֮УѾﵽһֱ״̬ˡ

ҲʱǾΪؼһγϵˡ

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ʱߵǰͼеһŰȻ˵үǸղűܼҽİةฮϵĶүҪݷү

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ǣүȥţʷӦһ䣬ʹ·Ŷ׼ȥˡ

㣡ʷߺӻ

ڣү

׼ЩΣҷǾҲȡһƿȻ֪ͨͿһһŰȥ鸮˵үҪȥݷͼǵҪӺߣ

ǣ㸣˸֮󣬾ȥ׼ȥˡ

ߺһסֶ͹ǹеʽȵ϶ҵʱֹͣ˷ϴһ׼õδϣһƿƣͿͿߴӺų˸ֱ鸮ĺŶȥ

ˣҪѵģѵͼȽ϶ӵƢθǹϵõھӣȻҪȥݷһµġ



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ͼʱǰſϣ°Ϳϣ޾ڿǰһ飬ģȴ֪ɵȥˣĲɵӣͿȥ顣

ʱһλѾ߶ű߽鷿У˳㽫һŰŵϵүͿİͿү˵һҪݷ̫̫ͷ˵ҲǰĺڳʲôѾ׼ˣڿ뿪鷿ȥ׼ˣ

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ǣѾ߸¾ͳš

ʱͼҪʱȴҲ˽ţײϡ

ͼһλԸС黨ȹһŶ쵰ĴԵʮֽĿɰŮ˽һŴŮͽµ磬ôҪ͵

˪һλҪݷãҪȥӭӣô͵ȥأ˵⣬ͼصã鷿ʲô

ߣȻҲݷƹ㣬

˪Ҫ˵ʲôʱͼͺײ˹һ㣬ͻȻ͵һסõ죬ãɲ͵Ⱦ˵ȥʲôҪ󣬸һӦòã

˵ģ˪ӣС챻ſ֮һϲص

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˪֮һСƻ֮󣬱ǡܴܲȥȸˣŶұӣ

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ͼСʵûа취ˣͶðɣܵҳȥӭۣȻʧÿ

ߣ⻹࣡˪Сıóѣһؾÿͼһ̱š



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ܼҿˣӿһ䡣

ʱͼͼһ·Сܹӣӵͼ֣˻ţ

֣ʵڱǸδܼʱӭӣʧˣͼǸΣһ

۽Ժһ飬һλŮĵľƿƵĵͼ棬ֻЦЦͼֲؽ黳һΰݷãҲ֪ʲôǰƿƣԼƵģүӳʱϳǾɹܼҴΪתүɣͻ֮£

˵ţʾ£Ϳ߱㽫ƿƽ帮ܼҡ

ͼƿƣ۾Ź۰ͰƿƵӹܼĭ

Ϳүˣ룡ܼҽӹƿ󣬿ͼһۣЦЦƣͼ·һͬ帮

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ͼ˵ͻȻ뵽ʲôֹסɫЩεصֵܣҡ

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໥Ȥ˼֮Ӹͼٴλص˸ϡ



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֮һһһϣӴȥСүҪĴмС׵ͷһоͿˣһ÷¥ΪͿ磬ϣͿ˳飡

ˣǱһŰɣվ󣬱֮һͬš



˱ţһӦﻹ⣬ö̧֮ȥ֮ô̧ȥ

Ȱ˰죬˰ȫ̧˸󣬶Ųһʻ

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ʱѾӽ磬÷¥ſѾǳˮΪǰͣŵĵطûˡ

˽ͳȥ֮󣬻ҪȺĻظʱ£ڶ֮֮£˾⡮÷¥׼İ߳ԺȵСƣȺ

Ҫ֪˾⣬һҪݷþһ㶼ʮָӵģͨľкüؿԶ֮ҲֻӵȺ

÷¥ѾΪһǰС˻ǱȽɫԶ֮Щӡ󣬱ӭһĵطһò裬֪ͨƹȥˡ

һһͷƹֻͷһ·СܹǶ֮󣬶ʱЦеصԭĶٹٱɵ꣬Ǳɵѽ

֮Ҳûиƹ׵Ĵ㣬ƹģֺŵһż䣬үҪѳԷ

ͻȻڵ֣ǿĺЩҵȻˣʱСүõȣǿɾ˲ǣ

֮ţúеֶƹ˵ƹģǾֺſǸżɣһŰɣԣǼ䣬ھȥ׼һ°ɣ

ƹһ⻰ȴǿһΪѵӣ٣һűѾǰԤ˳ȥʱģ²̫ãܲһС꣬ż䣿

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ӶƹȴһӶ߸߹ӣƹһ֪鷳ˣҧٰΪС˺һĪĪԤõģǱʧĻ

⻰֮ͷƹ˼ĪȴŭʲôĪ٣ةฮһССɸɣĪĸУǶٲգˣ߷Ǹֵֻʣӡ

Сӣ˵һ顭

ʱһŭĺȺ֮Ӿ¥Ĵ֮д

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תͷһͼĪ˱׵ͷһȻڡƱ졯

ʱڱŭ֮£ЩԣһλȽͦε꣬ɫҲǼȵ£Ǽλɷļū

ֻ֮һۣʮֲмĵ⸱ͷҳۣ籾ûǴǷŲ֪˭˵仰еģûϣһثֻɫѣѵ뱾ٸ治ɣ㿴ͷô

ʱӿڵ֣Ƿ仰ֵҵģ

֮һʱͻȻЦЦǰֹָӵĪӣãծǰ쵱¥е棬ҪǸгŵӾ㣬˽ķǮ룬ǲңǾʹǰԶʡͷ˱ٵθڣ

һʱ֮еʳǷ׷׻Ȼ

ԸľӦ÷䣬ǲϣǸثʲô˵㵹Ǻš

֪˭壬ֻˣ˶äĿԵģһ˴ͷ֮ٴη˱Žţ캰š

ڶ˵壬ʱĪѾ̵ÿҪˮˣ֮еһѾյ޿ˣȻǰӵôɶûжɨ棬Ƕ֮ڿ̣޷̣С

ģնŵģΪ㲻ɣ˾ȶ㣬Īʱŭ𳹵׵ı֮һᾢһֻ˵ʨһ㣬

֮ĪһĨڽ֮ɫЦèȭţҪ˱٣ǺãٽƤ棡

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Īһȭȥ󣬶ֻ֮ЦҲûжǴͷһȭͷͺݺݵضԽȥ

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磬ҡĪӱתҲʼץ֣˵磬С𣡡

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ЩūǼ״ͷ󣬾Ī̧ɿⱼȥ

תվһЩĪЩ֪Ķ֮صСӣھһĸаɣ

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һ۴һۣҲǸʦֵĻɱǺ׵ģĿ֮£ɲǸͷûתͷֻǵͺһͿ壡

ǣӦ֮ӵͿӰ˳λɽһȭ֮ʣͿҲһȭӭȥ

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ȭȭ֮ʣִײһ㣬ġǡӵĶ˶ԽʱӰ죬ʹΧӷ׷ױ飬ϵЩ;ߣҲһӦҷɣΧһ߿ֵϣһʱҺֹ

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걻Ϳһȭס֮󣬾ͷ˳ȥ



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Ӵϵ֣СֻǸһ飬òǾˣ취СҲΪˣʱֲֻҪ˵Сܸ취ǣ

ʱʷ´С˽ͷ󺹣һӵү˰Ҫھ͹ȥүҪԼ㣡



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ӵӦòᣬྸүңӦб°ɣ˵ţӱȭȻСܾȥ˾ͷԵƬ̣

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ֱ÷¥Զ֮תӵôŪٳ棬үҪԼˣ

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ྸ˺ǲͬӽ˸һǶ쵽һ֮гԲȺ

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ĽӼȴǴΪ£ҪĻǻƨ̣ûеϢݸϼ¾ͱˡ

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ྸߵǰǸÿ˵⸱вͬ뷨ղ˵ϧǺȤͣ

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룬Ҫ˵ӦÿȸվϻһǺöˣ

⻰ྸͻȻЦ

ʱѩҲӺ֮˳Цүͷһ˵ȸڻĹ۵㣬ȷʵȤ˶ΪӦýȸĨŵʹ˻͹֮磬ҲΪȸʾû˻˵ÿȸϻģСӣ˼Ȼڳˣ

ྸЦգתͷӵ֪˻Ǻ

ྸһͻɵòүİɣ

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һү˵Щ˼Щ㲻ף֮£֪Ǳʵү֪СǰʲôԸѽ

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⻰ѩྸɫ΢䣬ѩôһ˵ȷʵΣЩѰӼ˵ҲˣǱ΢

ྸͻȻϵмӴŮ򼰾¥ûмǴ⾩ǵķ³ҲЩʲô֮ıÿֶҪ΢ȥбҪ糯֣֮ʱֹЩ³ľӪֱԹȥۣ

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һԣаϹȻŲһЩԵţǾྸմЩҲѾע⵽ЩֻھʱྸѣѾˡ

룬˵үС뾩ǣԾе˺ȫһĨڣһЩ޹ؽҪĲţҲֻΪռһЩϣöԾи˽⣬ڽϣЩˣҲ֪˭ʲôģһĵҲ뾩û죬Īӷͻ

ƾ һ ƽ

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а룬ྸĿƺԼıʿûȤװɵ㶵Ҵ˲żüã٣ӦѰģүضǣ

ྸ΢΢Щãж֪ΪΪ񣬱Чңѧһкã

ΪΪ񣬲һǵòξҲѽ羭˰ԣ⣬ֻҪ̰ڴҲǼӵΪΪֱ緢о硭

ˣ˵ˣྸһЩԵʮֲãִϵ־ڴˣҲǿ°ɣ

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ʦһŭ죬ȻǴģΪԼΪˣӦֳ棬ȫ࣬Ĳŷ֣ڿྸŭһɲǣʦƣԼλϵѹߵİһ˿ӡ

ڵ֮쵱һ鵽ʱŷ֣ҪپһЩѪĥԼĿ֮󣬲ܴʦɢ֮

߳Ժ֮Ƕ֮Ӧû÷¥Ⱥ򣬶ǽڱУϷҲˣҲʱѽǼһˣذͻкϷˡ

һ֮Ȼ֮Уô˸Լ룬ȴЦЦҲûᣬƫÿȥ

ߵƫſʱоһɹԵϢǹϢǿҲûת̤粽һ֮ʣֱӻιվ֮󣬼һŮӣǵС͵ϮһУѾˣС£Ͳˣ

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˻ûнʦǻ˭УӼǵúûеʲôŮӣ˭Լ֣

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ǸɶļһŮʱվŽƫӱӰ˶СţȻһߵɯɯǼһȻ۸ң˼ƨˤúʹ

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ƽɯЦ֮󣬰ƽ֮ʱһ˿˵ɯɯ˵Ǹһտֱ˼ζ˼Һ볢ҪԿѼ㣬á

Сè֪ԣɯһһۣѾ˳ŵѾˣóԵģԼ취ȥ˵ţɯһһ߿

ѽý㣬ңóԵʲô˼Ҷ

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ôѽҪȥ磬Ҫã˵棬һӦģϾǷС죬ֱ˺޲ȥһڣ̫Ըˡ

ЩɯȻ뵽ʲôʱ۾һа취ˣ

˵˵ʲô취˵С֣ʵ

ɯڰƽĶߣֹ˼䣬ðƽ˷ܵ㵸е̫ˣô죬ǺڴζŶ



PSһƱղأ

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ʱ֣һĨӳһƬѪ졣

ҡ

ǰַϣָϵô棬ƺйɣ·˼ʲô

һͼﺮͿһ֮С

۾壬ԭƻҪԱһˣ

ŶǲǷʲôʣﺮ

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ﺮ룬ֻǳʵʩĻģʽûʲôӰ죬ֻǻѣܻһЩ

ʵ½ڽչôˣ

˽ȱ⣬½ĿǰѽܴѵصҲʱѡˣҪȥһЩ׼󣬽ͿԽеڶƻˣ

ţֶȱȷʵǸ⣬ֻǲ֪ٴݳЩ˳᲻Ӱ죿ӳ˼

ﺮ֮У½ͳһĿǰӵеʮˣͿԪͳһоʮһˣֱݳǼɽΪͿҪ֧Ϳͳ죬ʮˣȽϷɢ̽ӻУҪҲռ鱨ģҪǳĻûԽϵвȫûӰģĿǰͷȷʵӰ졣

룬Ҫɣѵص㣬ΪԵģݱһЩù̶Ժ鱨ĳԱȫʵеϵɱ鼰ʱ鱨鸺ȼԺֳˣҲιԺ½е䣬Ϳչˣ

ԼҪչһӣϸزϸڷݣﺮ׵ģϸֱͣﺮȫ֮ﺮŵͷ뿪

ﺮߺתͷͿĪӵˣȷָǸλô

Ϳֺзִ磬Ǹλòü飬ȫû⣬ҪˣһҩʯУү˵ֽСݡҩģҲѰʹҽʦȷʵǾ綾֮˺һΪҪģ

ӵͷֵҽǵϵʽյĸ׶ˣ

ѾܹϣֻҪдĻҪһʱϰ

ӵͷţɣʱҲұƵ׽̲ĶЩĶԺܻҪѧһЩӵģⶼҪʱ䣬ھʱʲôҪȾĬһʱɣ

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Ǳӱˤ֮ʣ̲֮סȻһ

ʣôôӵĻ쵰

ԶɽͷʱŭڲͣǷϣʧƽյԲ󣬴ʱȻЩʧأƽʱԵôӱǵȫŭʱţڷŭţһǰӡ

Ϊһة࣬ܰȵةλϣ˶ֿݵģҲҪֶΣҪһ˫ܹƵĵ۾侲ͷԡ

΢ÿһСıʼհһܺãƽֻҳڻʵۣλãҲᵳֲԼڳκһϵʹһֱŶΡ

ֻû뵽ǣֻӳȥһֻ΢С£û뵽Ӳûаɣͱһ¨ӡ

ǵ˶Ѿ֪ӽ׼һݺȥݷñ£ҽΪ汱ӵܳͷĪɵӣȻֻСִܣ˾ͲһСǺпܻΪةƫڱһԺ󽫻ʹڳеλʮΡ

飬ôܲöԶ޴뿳ǰӣղ˵ĪҾȻҵڷԼǰȡԼӵԼⲻֻɨô򵥣Ҫͼıةλˡ

ԶЦĪҺôθڣȻҽڸеͷѹһĪҵ棬ǻ֪ϷֶΡ

뵽Զ˶֮һ۵ӽ쿪ʼ£鷿һȫһ飬Ϸºῼ㣬Լ֪ʲô

ǣȥ

֮һү·ˣûдһͻܿܽ˴ɳа˿뻹ֵ˵ʵֻһ䲢ڵĻүӵעߣͳɹ˼ҷطȻʱҪֽֽ̽ôүӻĵС

ţ֮ü˳۴Ӧһ󣬾һ˳ȥ

ܼң

ʱԶ޻һ߽һλߣԶ޵׼ϷҪϽϣ



ƾ һ ¼

ǣɸ

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£վһλ΢΢ЩձߣĪʷ˼Ҳ˵Եúܰ˸оĴڡ

Ƭ̣Īʷ˿ڲ裬صؽ豭ŵϣһ죬Ҳ˵˵»ǺںģĻʮַŭġ

ܼңڵΣĪʷ˿΢΢ƽʵ

ܼҴүСүõʱΣʱɹΣգֻܴλ⣬вͻ鷳ҽʦ˵ҪˣȱһζСݡҩģ

ȱҩģ˵õҩˣĪʷ

ܼȴү֪ھǸҩ̣ûҩˣ

Īʷ⻰üͷô£

ܼҵ֮ǰ˸ϾʹչҩģչҲ٣ɾǸҩ̶ϡȱ

ǾȥҪЩʵڲУ˿뾩𴦹򣡡Īʷ

ܼεүǱչĻǽҲһھչǡݡֻ۹ĴѩɽͱڲֹҩҴƹֻÿЩҩ̵ͨ˽һֵҴ۳ۣҲҩһգǶȱĵطͿ֪ˣ

ԶЩҩĵҪʲôϷϴʹһΣƥ򲻿˵ѵ˵йأĪʷЩŹֵ£Ȼ뵽ֿܣ漴ҡҡͷӦòܣԶôδ֪֮µģ

ʱܼȴѵүҽʦ˵ڷ£ɵĻʶǳСĿĵΪпܣ

⻰ĪʷüͷΪôȴչҩȻˣҩѵ

뵽⣬Īʷ̧ͷȥ˵ԶҪĻ֤ףǲǾ˵϶һ⣬ȥ룬Īʷò̫գ͵ĸ׹ȥһˣ

ǣү

ܼӦһҪȥʱĪʷֽסʡ

ةฮʲô

ܼҵղŴϢԶ޻֮ûйãҴҳ˸ʹȥˣӦȥˣ

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Īʷһ̲סеķŭһѽеĲ豭ˤɷ飬ŭ̫Զƥֱ̫ӲǸ˵ھȻ뵹ϷһУ

˵⣬ĪʷɫһЦǰɣϷ֣Ǹʲôܼң˱ϷҪȥ縮ϣ

ܼҴҴææͳȥ׼ˡ

Īʷϣ룬ԶϷûиʲôԾƲСҪǳʲôأߣ



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ƾУܾҹһ֣֮ѵþҹ֮ĳЩ̼飬ȴͻȻһƬӳ֮

ڱУһݶ֮ϣǰ֧һСӣϹЩ׼õľСˣԱ߷һ̳ƣʷ½ƵԱߵƱ֮С

ӳžСˣһƷƣڷϣȤؿžǽֵͷڶ龰һŻѽǵҹӳյޱ財

ĴϣͼĪʷһﵱȣŭشһӲŴĪٴϽľױƺƵŶĽֵʻһ·ȥԵɱڡ

ǸλãеľةŸһٹһ·ĸҹԱĸۡʱ˶һҲ֪ĪʷҪȥʲôĪ竱ةฮ޵Ӵһ£ǿ˾֪

ЩֻģҲ׷װСƣ׼֡

ĪʷɱڶȻǳةฮȥġ

ֻةฮǰֻةฮųة֮ӶһڼҶſӭӣԵúʢ¡أĪʷһ㶣ҪʲôѵնŵĲ֪ԼҪ쭵ô

ةฮܼҵĪˣҼүڲڸϣǰнĪݷãҪдĪ˵ةฮԱֻ֪Ī˴ôةฮһʱдܣĪ˼£

Īʷ⻰üͷһƻ׺ҲŭϷǰݼةˣָȻةϷ˾һة࣬ﵱףºةȴŲʣʵΪĴǺģةˣǲڣϷҪϷһ

ȻڳйٽױĪʷҪ֮вκξɫȻĪʷȻȻҪģ¹ٻ׼մСǸֻĪҹ˽´ôǰ֪ǺξģͲճ֮ϣԹǵ



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ةฮǰĪʷſŸӭӵĶԳš

ǵ嵽λκëĪʷѾ˺üˣʱ۷ֱǶŸ΢һ㣬ɷ쭣ص棬ҳѱûлᣬĵй֮޴й

ȻɱŸ֮йһ񫣬ͷԻѵģ֮£ֻǳһ̽ԵжҪյĳ֮ҵķӦȻЩǲ£Ҫ취һһγĪϼıжʮϾǿǻҲʱ޷κǣοˡ

ĪʷҴةฮ֣Ȼֵƾ裬ʱ˶һӣãŶһֱͨЩڸʱͣ

ͺһֱӬһܱĪʷ˸ѪͷȴȻ鵭Ȼûлһ䣬óĬӦ

ĪʷˣŵĪˣ¹ټЩƣȽϳԱˮҲһɤӣüۣ¹ϴ

ĪʷһﻹԵýȥʲôˮۼ޷˳쭣ܸģҪԾڶŸſڵȶԶ޻գ׼ҪֵòöŸϵ˰ֱԶ޳Ϊֹ

ֻĪʷ죬Ÿ˶֮֮ҾӽӦ

һֱֵҹĪʷѾȵö췢ëˣƤڴˣûеȵةֻ֣÷¼ݻնӻظ

ܱ߿ֵˣĪʷСڵȴһ˻أҲپȤظϢ



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ĪʷȦһϳڻʵǰ¿ˮҪʵΪĪֹҲةףĿ޹ĪϵһɵĹԱҲ׷ʾ֧֡

˾ùǣԶβûվ֧ĪʷԵúܳĬһĻĪʷ⵽Īʷһ˿ɡ

Զ޲ûбʲô

ȴվĪʷҹ˽ԴΧסةฮΥҹ֮·ϣҹ񲻵ð

ڹܲĪʷʱҲŹǷڻʵǰ߿ˮ˵ԼƽվʧߵëĪʷ˳һҹδðϣĪʷ֮

ɵҪ˵ˣʱҲ׷׸ͣĪϵһȴȻǿӲһҪʵ۸Īʷһ˵

ڱһȴǸ۾Ϸͬʱ忪վҲվһĪʷҹ϶ᣬһҲ׷ױʾ͡

ƻʵԼнʮͣű²ɣϣâԲǣԴŲݣϣЦʱһλͰ׵ھϴү

ӣܺ˻뵽λʵ֮ʱҲһλ߳ƣԵأմѪֵͬѪһλѪֻλ꣬λʵ۷âټξĥʹ֮ľѵõԶ⳯Ⱥ֮䲻̬ȴȺǵĸ˼λ۵ס

ʱĪϵ˫Ūǵһгһջྸվ죬Сִ֮£ŵ֮ɺͳ

ྸһȣɷϣȺоλүоηҲֹͣŰ˻ذλ

ϣһԾڼֻǾݳ֪Ƿ³ӪҲǰμԵĿǲ˼ϰԣȴڷ³ۻ֣֮罥أΪҴƷʿ֮ϣԿϰ䲼ڼ䣬ͣǷ³Ӫ٣֮󣬿¿ţ

һ֮Ⱥ׷ۣǽĪʷة֮Ժ˵ͬƿڼͣ³ҲгֲͬΪڷ³ӰԵĻ޲֮

ֻճ֮ϣͬοԶͻȻվ˳ྸ˵ϣΪͣ³ӪбҪģֻͣʱղ˹ʱһãһǿܶŹ֮¿ܻƵӰΰҲӰ쳯͢˰ա

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һĪʷĪٴԼվĪٴλĽԶˣЩϵı鶼ԵʮֵĹ죬뱱վһôⱱӵڸ֧֣绢ʵۺһ¾ҪܱɸĴѹˣһԸ⿴ģҲͬǻһԸ⿴ġ

ǽţʵڴ֮˼׼ʴ֮£ʱͶһذըȺȻ

⻹ص㣬ؼǻʵ׼ة֮󣬶ԳоҲ˵ǻʵ·һڸȨ˱ִ֧һĴ󳼣ɣ˽Զִ£αְ֮ȴĪʷ˰뼶ϲιְ֮

һ֮ϣʵĵ֮ƴ䡣

һྸڸеλ⣬űȴɵ˰˽ةڸץŻ񲿣ûа弸ɵ˽ȥһץ̲빤ȴлɵ˱˽ʹûһʵǿһ΢΢ɣܵǣơ

ϻʵͷʹóһιĪǷ׷̧ͷԾԾԣһֵζչ

ǵϿֵƬƣֹα仯΢ȶӰɢƹƣ˭΢ƽµǿʯӣ

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Ӷ񳯾ʵ΢仯ûᡣ

ڡ׻ơܹ֯ĵؽ齨ͬʱźһ֮ǹɾԾãҲʱؽ˱չ״̬

 һ 

Ŀ＾һ΢紵Ѵ˿˿ˬ֮⡣

ƾǵĵλ俿󲿷ƫڶϲһ＾ЩȣǵģҲǻȵġ

һԵĿҲʱ˳Ļ

ÿһγ͢ѡ˲ţǿִ͵Ŀƿԣ˿Щַ٣ﵽһֿǰĶʢ

οԷ׶Σһ׶γһʮ죬ֱ͢Կ˱սԣ似ƴȶĿгɸѡʮһıǧ˵Уѡͨԣɼ߽븴ԡ

ڶָԣȡ̭ƣȻʮ죬Ϊϸ࣬ɼ֮ѡγɼͻһһɻʵĵԡ

ʱʮ죬һУȻʮ˽ᱻ̭ͬǣʮԱ̭ĿȴѾĹӾ飬λҲͨʿҪߺܶ࣬ҲһЩ

Եʣµʮ͢ٲ̭ƵԣǻƵķʽÿĿɻʵԳȡⶨȺලԷףǻй¶ʱʮ죬հֵĸߵյΣµһ죬͢Щ񵥡

ǰ񵥹֮գҲǾ࿼δĴӡ

ˣھǸƹݲ¥֮УпӰȻοԵܹ˵ĳΪʮ˰֮еĶѾޱȵԺˣξβЩ͢Ĺǰʮ֮⣬֮Ҳܱŵľˣ൱һֳƶͨ˼ҵӵ˵Ѿǹҫˡ

һЩҾΪԣһЩ˵Ѿʼǰھףˣ֮и¥ⶼǻ쳣ƹǶЦúϲ£죬⼸룬Ѿһˡ

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ǿŰ񵥵ʱˣڽǼ˲ҹ֮ǣ¥ݼͨﵩӪҵȻ糱˶Ⱥܹһʱ俴񵥣Ҳ÷ٸϻȥϲ

ֻǣͨﵩˣ֮ʱȴûע⵽ǣƺӵӵҫۣԵøӵĪ⣬ǳ֮⣬˿һͶеĳ



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֮УͷһƬǹ貵ҹգѱǳ֮ͷ·˿ߵذĴһ˻۶Ĵɢŵԣγһͼ

ڣʱһǿޱȵľţǰǵǾſǵ·֮Ƽ

һĲйᣬڵǹɾѾŨܱһּµ״̬һתʱǹɾͷ·ҪҪ谭ЩյѨϷ棬ÿ

ȴչƣáһһתЩޱȵľݱΪһֱǿȭϢʹ֮øӵķӵ񲻿ɵʱתѾ󲿷־תⲿ֣Ҳڽȫת

ʱһһεš

ӱչʵ͸ûʱţȫŽ֮УܵӴ֮УŹԵصʱ̵׼



ڴʱһ˿תΪǿϢ֮󣬷·ҲһӼڳõϢǿϢһ˲䣬Ӹоọ̈̄ƺһ

ҵͣǹ̰ʹǿϢתһ֧ǿޱƥеĳţľʼǿĹơ

䡫

ǣ׵ĵһ赲ڱ֮ӻûùƵ׼ǹϢڲųǸѨ֮ʱȻһ·һ봩͸Ӱһ㣬ʹ̣ǿϢһֻڽӴǸ֮ʣ͹Ǽ̵ıݡ

ȻһݻɹƣҪӻת֮ʱھǶಡϢĽӴĦʹԽԽôһӴơ

£к档

һǰϱƵ֮һɲǼ䣬оڵǹɾƺѾʧȥ˿ƣǾͺǳڱΧµĺˮˮλԽԽߣѹԽԽĵʱͻȻһڣǿѹ֮£ھܺǺˮǿĳ֮£罭Ӿ̣ˮģһʰ

䡫䡫䣡

ǹǿľʧ֮ͼļȶ·֮ϣžǴһɴݿ֮ƣڶϱƵ

ûκε谭£š

Ŀš



ֱǹ޿ƥеľų忪˵ڶʮһ֮ʧ֮Ʋʱ

ʱӣȴڵϣһֻ˽Ϻһǹȫи޾ʹͬʱѾˮʪ͸ɫҲʮֲ԰ס

ʹ֮Ѿľˣǿ־ᶨھʧصĹƼ֮ջɾŵĿȨ

 һ 

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ԭĿ꣬Ƿ˺üģھʧ֮һӾͳ忪ôϣʹĲ豻ȫҡ

ž޴ʹͨǿ־ǹЩҵľſס֮ջǿϢûټϣƵȡϢ忪֮УʼϵЩ¿ٳ·ߡ

һڵǹɾĹ޷ʱ޸ʱµЩۣʮֲ

ֹ֪˶á

Ĵľǹ¿ٳʹ֮תбȶԲûκһ˿谭֮󣬵һʱʣµľȻмϵǵЩ⡣

ͬʱҲңԭʼǹɾתΪǿȭľϢ֮󣬳ʱ־١

ϵʮһϣټǰľſϣʱڵǡһ֮еġһޡҲȫҵγһѭڡڶޡУšȻҲ˳忪Ѿϣ˵ڶޡҲѾˡ

֮£Ӿȴûйܵһޡı仯ٴνϵľһ֧ţڡڶޡϵǸϣһֱϡ

䡫

һ£ȫ͵һ𣬵ȴû֮ǰһʱǰʹһɻˬоͺһˮºܸߵȪȫë׶ſֺڵĺʣϴһ飬ůġ

֮ھ֮ϣֻȵĸоΪҲȫû뵽ڶޡʱĸоǡǾ֮ϴûᵽġ

Ϊ˼ĸоþٴγϣûȥΪʲôڶ֮еϳȵһ֮е࣬һˬʱڵڶϱ忪֮󣬽ŵšĿš

ֱʮϵʱͻȻоڵľʼŲͣԭƻʼڶޡֱ֮忪ʮ֮磬һܹ֮ͨ裬ҿʼ֮䣬תһѭ岹ȱʧ

Ȼ

Ӳ֪ؿʼͨġޡʼѭת֮ʱȴûвʱΧƺȫֹҲֹͣƺγһֹȦ

ؼɢһ̣Ͷҵ֯һһǳ籩ǰ˺̣糱ؿʼһٵؾ£Ȼ򸮵Ͽգγһ۲ɲ飬ȴʵһС

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Ϣҹɫ֮Уһޱǿǳ籩ѾγɣȻһֵ˴Իᱻǿ޷ܵǳ籩ѹһࡣ

ǳ籩γɺӴʱͻȻųһɵɫԣͺĹâԵʮֹ죬ͬʱ֮еǹǳ籩ڻڴ֮ǳ籩ΪģնγһޱȾ޴ļ׶ӵͷӿ

䡫

һɱӵ֮кȻһ𣬽ڵ֮еϱһȫҲؿʼǹǳ籩ĺļ֮۶ȥ

ڵӵʱ䣬ȻȫһҵĲоΧ¶һͻȻ併˼ȱɫ鴤ںⲿĶԽ֮£ڼȱ֮Уͷ·ǿ֮䣬Լķ·ӳһƬͺǳ̾͵ĵ·һ֮ͨ·

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仯ǼȺ֣ƾгһɼΪǿǳ֮ɵУԼڷ־䣬ӲûΪѾһνһ֮֡統ȥˡ

Ȼԣؼ䷴˷ı仯ʱȻҲʼͣͺһӺһ㣬ھǵЩʦϵǿǲ׷ޱȵŴ쳣ǿգԼ쳣ǿĺɵ˿⾿һʲôŻؼ쳣

ѵĳλھ֮еʥ



PSǿƣʮѹڣֵ֧ܽһ£⣬л̫ʦλѴ֧֣

 һ !

㻹һϣƼղأ



ྸС

ʱѩྸվڸߴĹ̨֮ϣ˵ɫޱȵ𾪣صǿȻûоἰʥΪɣ֮ͨʱһ֮ǿ

֮У벻һλʵǿྸɫΪصص

ѩƴʵʥ壬ʱͻƣ£ûκ˽Ķ֣ǿĴڣǳ£

ྸоɿ쳣ԺεأΣҲҪ취˭

ѩŲȺƼ֮۲ãƬǳ֮лչֳֵķΧԽΪԽڶȴϳҲ˽ȥȻѩλţʱҲκζߡ

Ȼһ޷ŵĲ²⣬ѩҡҡͷ룬ԲСӣӦСӱλظ˰ɣλˣ˭

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˵ţ֮дһɿȣǿգظ黯ʥǬض

λͷƽַھǿʵǷķͷ޶Ůģƽʱ˼ҶϷӣڴʱеĻûܹ˵ʲô

ֻλϷԺ㵸һֻգۼĹ˱ƾʧԺУûκεӰ

ƾǽ

ԶʱڴߣŴǿ󣬾þò·ڳ˼ʲô

һλɫӣȫˣ˴ʱҲ̧ţЩɳƵ˵䣬ٻ󡢸߹ٺ»ȵЩѾпϷȤĶˣ벻մʱƾУȻӵ˾˿µϷ˾֮Уûа

ʥ֮ϵľ磬ʲôԶתʡ

ҡͷ˵ʥ֮ϵ֮޿ɵֵֻŻ֪Ϸ֪Ϸʦ𣬼ʥӵʥ֮⣬£ûеλʥĳ֣Ϸչʮ꣬޷ͻʦһһϳɾʥ壡

ԶţɫأܴǷҽϵˣҪҽϣм

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ӾûбҪŲ˵һȥŲ˵Ȼʷ½ʱڸС



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һˬӣҲΪʱڣҪڶԣӣҲǾռΪæҵһ졣

һ˸磬ڴġķ´һºͳǰãͿҲѾһڵȺˡ

ͿѾ˵ľλһ̽ȻûְΣʽϵķδǲͬͷڣ彣Ӣ쪣һ䡣

һ¾ɫһɫƱ磬ҲԵƮ

ֻûйҲûоλεĳϳǲ彣ģԵĹҲǲ׼˽ģԵʱɹ̫͢ͳһɵģֻҪǰָϵصͿԡ

ӺͿļ᳡ʱԱЯżȺˣֻȺǵվĵطһϵվһ飬ֵζ

ǴĶǼеŮۼڳʱЩкŮǣʶģҲƵƵ۲˸оЩ죬ⲢһԴᣬһ״ᡣ

ע⵽Ϳ֮һֱһ飬˳ͿȥֻվܣڹܵһλԵúžƯŮӣҲʱᳯͿײ֮󣬱ǲ΢̡

ֻһۣӾͿͷͿϲǹµùȸӸо˼Ļͼ˪һŮӵҲ󵨣Ǹɴֱӵؾߵ˹ȸߣ˵Ц˼󣬾ճ˹¡

ȴŸֱһλŮȥ

üĿһĻĻ룬ϵϵԵʣЩŮ֮䣬һģûмԣλ;Ů޷ϲһ𣬻ʵԣ׼ǴϼҲǱ⡣

ֻڿΧЩȤ龰ʱȴͻȻоĿͶ䵽Լϣһȴżֱɱ



ʵ۳дԣܷÿڼ᳡صʱ˴ʱеĸܡ

ʰϵȺ춼ˡŴ򿪻ʵ۴ӡ

Ѿû˼ȥʵۺڹʲô⼯᳡УǼͶĿ⣬

ǰʮӵйģҲʱŮװССһµ¿

¿֮ȷʵеʮֵĲ죬ʦѰ˺ܾõСֵܣ벻λ֮տǣͿվһ𣬲˵Ϳӵˡ

뵽¿пЦǸʦݴôã˸飬ƫͺͿ

ȴҲһֱûѰλŮӵκη٣¿ʧ֮ʣ뵽λŮӣ᲻ҲͿϣ

ԽԽܣ¿룬Ѱ÷٣ŮӸòҲ˾ǣ

뵽ԣ¿аҸᵽȥ̽һ˵ܿ˷١

ôϵϲ֮£ʮ֮˾ţͻȻѪٺһΡ

һλͶĿģݽֻһĽ룬Ȼֻһ棬ѾˣݵĲ֡ıƣɶǳλŻǲ֣֮Ҫƻ½ϵĽգͿϵʵдա

ڽˣʼն䱣Ÿ߶ȵľ裬㹻أȷʵһֵֵΣ

룬ʱ֮ȴǴû˵ԼĶֵˣǾȻ͸ˣͺ˵ϣеǶѾĥƽһŨʼĥ͸Ѷ⻹ǸȰ꣬Թı

ҵСӣֻϧûʱٶһ˽ˣûүү˲ǣаš

˽뼸ۣŽĿѰǸԼһۺ󣬱ԼͷųɱǸˡ

ȷе˵һλŮӣֻװ磬Ȼףʱһòڻıɽǧ֮⡣

Ůվ¿󣬵ͷԵúܳü˸ܲĴڣֻһźվڸƵġ

ע⵽ڴŮ͵ͷ֮ٴųһ̹ǵĺ⣬·ܴ͸˵һ㣬һɱ

ֻǺ֮ı䶼ܳܣοŮӵıȻȻĮشȴѰ˼ţŮûеôһԼɱڵģԼôƵģѵǸֽͷйأ

ʱǵĴŶ漯㳡֮϶ʱɧֹͣ죬ǶϽߵԼλվã׼ӭӻϡ

ֻһӢĽĶӹ֮ʻźһ벽ʻһֱ쵽Զİ֮żһλŰɫĳװۣ磬ͽѮɫϣй֮ŶʻǴƹĻʵۡ

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ȺȺǼʵ۳󡣴ʱһƬиߺμʱ£

ֻǰ븩״̬ûйʵڻʵʻʱ򣬲΢΢̧ͷ£ֻʵʻλ꣬ΣӦλӡ

λԿǰһģŨüۣŷȵ꣬ӦǴӣ΢΢һŵĴӵģü㣬Ŀ͵꣬Ƕӡ

ڶӵĺмԶӣէһҲһ˲ţÿƮݣӢֻü֮䡣ȴһֻ˵ͷ·˼˭˶һԸ򣬲̫ദ֮ˡ

ʻ֮󣬺𶥺СӣʱǰĴһǣֻһԾӨĴ۾գգĿ棬Եúܺ棬ӻδջĿʱĴ۾ĿҲ￴ĿⲻСײǴ۾ݺݵصһۺ󣬾ӡ

ʵ۴㳡֮󣬾ͣµҲ㳯ڳȺǰ˰ֵ񣡡㳡ϻصͣӰԲ죬λʵҲλ֣ݹжϣӦʦʵ

һȺ󣬾ͼһλ÷̫˳һžỺչʼ

Ӵ̫࣬ǰʱͼ֣ʥּúѩģӡ

ֻһ֮£вһγԾǰǾδʱڿ֣ΪȻҲͣڵľ磬£ڻʵߵļλ̫࣬Ϊͣһλ̫ʮģ͸ƽһ̫ʦʵټΧܵĽλͬʵǿͳıһд̣Ǽʮѵ£οྸѩ󳬼֡

ֻ뵽ྸѩӲɾ֣תĴ¡ûзྸӰҲûп֣ǼλҲûڹ㳡ϳ֣ôЩȥˡ

ӵɻܿ͵õ˴𰸣ڻʵ֮󣬾͸ڶ棬ڳ֮żһװྸ

ྸһϮ;£Ƥɫѩʹһװͷڵ

Ȼȴɯ



ʵ۳дԣԭӻʮֺ棬һΣ֪һôĵˡ

̫鷳ˣúõһԴᣬȴַĹƣ˵òɣԱнţ뿪Ҿż;·ϿֻԵͷûйֻ̾ʵû˭ȶ֣ʵΡ

ǵĶĿҰһƬⰻȻ紵ʱżƬƵҶ㣬ǰһģ޴ɵԳ

ԳͼΧķΧʿѲߣ֮ͣдùʵϢйݣΧһξĵطҲһЩΪеĹԱϢ֮ҲǼΪ׳ۡ

ڻʵּ⣬ҪϢʱ̫ͽǽһӦ׼׵˲ſʼԴᣬ˶Ҳģоһͳ޶Ȧ߶߶

ӺͿֵһһӦ߿ǰ׼õģͿȴû˼ֻһۣͳ쳤˲ڵȥӲεϲʹȥҪйǣҲܹȥɣ

Ϳ΢һᣬͻȻתͷһۣСܣˣлл˵ţͿŵذͷ㳯µȥˡ

ȴû˼ȥתƣʹ飬͸ҲɯûԵʰɣ

ʱͻȻͼһ˽һûˣͰͷϵժԱһӵߵϣĲƣһţһ˾ΧҪҸ񱻼ˣֵܣ˵ҪǸöã

ת͸˵Լ飬ڵ̫Ҳûã㲻ԸӵСүʵȻ޷ı䣬β̹Ȼȥܣȥԣȥܣ

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˭ʱͻȻһ

º󣬾ͼӱ򿪡֮Ѹٵ˽ֵܣС㣬͵͵ﵽģҪǱүү֣ʡһٺôףСүôҲ⣡

ŶԭǶŹӡֻǻδ䣬ʱһθӦм˳ˣЦҪʱۻ᳡ˣ

˵꣬ʱ洫ͼֵܣ𣿡

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ӱƿ󣬾ͼͼº룬ʹʱԵӵ

ͼ˵û뵽֮Ҳ΢΢֮ȴҲ΢΢һЦҲûпףΧ

ɻû˵仰ʱȻһȻ˪һĸƨ̽СԴ￴һۣ鵽ʱʱ۾һСƵģҲ˽ճ˹µߣͼͷߣ¶ͷðȻ

ôǶˣԵЩ֣ʵ

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ӴʱЦһҪʱۻĴӪˣ촵ʲô磿

˲⣬Ҫʣͼ洫һֵ𣿡

СүôҲˣһȻֱܷó˭

ʱͼӱƿվŸԵģӣƿ󣬼ôˣѸɨһȦ󣬲תͷߡ

ҲЩ⣬㳯ӿ˵ֵܣӶļͣһԻʱȱȣһҪʧˣȸˣ

һᣬŻعͼЦСүϴĲģˣû˵ӵļѽСү֪

ҡͷǸܳƵˣ˵ƽʱҲǰ¶ʲô书Ҳ̫ļΣǸ׷ˣ

ȻСүսô˵ӵļˮƽӦòͣĬԵˣЩطɽ¶ˮһ¶ȴһˣݸ°˼˵

ҪҪӱأϾ죬Ӯˣɨ棬Ҫ˵ˮ»Ӿʤ֮䣬Сү鷳ͼ˵

ȴ˵ӮȻҪӮƯɴ࣬䣬ǲܣ˵ûУҲûʲô˵ģУȴ룬ͨߣҲɡ

ʣͿСֵܿڣ

ʱ洫һŵ˶İɻ

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ӣλ״Ԫʶ¿ͻȻЩȡ

ֻйһ֮ԵǺ֪ģ˸ƣ¿

¿΢ЦȻһԵúзȡ

ӵЩӵ֮Ӽ£֪ˣʲô£

ͿֵܣϴݿܷЩСᣬյüСֵܣǸʦΪִţʱֻת䣬ʲôﴦ

Ӳÿ֪ʦã

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ǸװŮΪʲôһԼɱԭֽͷˡӦҲã뵽̾ϢǸֽ֮ûб⡣

˼¿ſ㣬һλʫѧʿûϵڶöֵĸ߷ֶͷҲܺ档

ͼǶˣȻҲգ¿һЩȴоѧʫϲѷɫǣμ棬ͱλž޵״Ԫ۷ҲĵúͶ

ʱ洫һʾԴἴʼ˴ƨϣɨˣҲҶ׷

⼸˳֮󣬻ǺۣʱĹԱͼ˵ĳͬϴй߳Щǣ֮ɵĹԱӵܻһ𡣸ЩȵǣĵȻҲЩ˻һȺǵдЩͬѰζаѰ˼

ةԶ޴ʱɫʮѿ֮Ҫ뱱ɵһЩӵ罻Ļ벻ʱͱ׵Ժټֿ֮ҲЩ˻һɫ

ͬЩǣϵһĻȴվԵྸһۣ֮һĨȤζɴ˺Ӽۡ

ֻôһ֮󣬻ʵаԳԾЩ͸ˣǾͶԱߵһλ̫죬⺢ô

̫ԣ΢˫Ƽһ۾˳ŻϵĿȥ漴۾һ⣬ҲԵЩȣϣӾͺһֵĺˮūҲΪȷʵŹ֣

ʦΪһСôʵͷѰ˼£ȤؿӼۣȻתּ֣ɣ

ǣ֣һ֮󣬴ʱߵ棬˶󣬱һ֣Ȼֹ֣һ˦ȻһԴļԼղŻʵ飬ȺۣһͨļȤζĻĿ֮Դʽʼ

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뵽˴ȺǴʱ˽ĿⶼͶע˵һߵӣԴĦǸоĪʷԶЩɹԱӵǰĿ⡣

Ӵ˿̸оԼһоСȻûʲô飬򶨣ȴҲЩڡ

ϵ㵽֣ȺǴ㵲ѣڶλߵģȻǴӡ

ͼӲȽϹһ˿ˬʵЦݾ˹ߺ󣬳ЦЦСֵܣһ飬ȡõһҪͣ

΢΢ͷλӵЦݺʵ̹ϣμҲмֺøУҲϵжپҪʲôʱЩǣÿ˵ɫʮֹŹ֣Ūϣʲô⣿

ͼϲɫһ·Сܣ˹Ц磬ӣһõһٺ٣

¿ʱ򣬴ʱȺ̲סһƬȻϺĪٴϣһİţǲЩǷ׵ӵļǲᣬСүҲټ״ԪѾǺǿˣ᲻ʧƽ

ʵֻЦЦ˰ţʧ˹ƽ

˵ţֵȻǰƽͶӣȺǻȻ˹ŪкȵڶȻҲлõһȻһ󲿷ִǣǿһ֮ӡ

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С¿֮ȴ΢΢졣شģϴͻ飬˵ùΪѵģ

⻹࣡ƽĿĴﵽпģӼּۣ˴мӵСӣھð˱׼㽫Ҫ裬п⣬һҪһֵҳԣ򣬺ߺߣ㸺𣡡

Щģ漴뵽ϴξλ͵ϮŮ벻ȻСҲ׻ôŵλСˣڻϸǰ˷Եʡ

ι㵽û˵ѽСҲ𻰣һۡ

ӵǹܱ֤˵һСԵ

ҪǺȣòһ붼ԣҸȾͲӦСһ䡣

㣬ǡСӣһСţԸСͻҪǸҲӦҾ͡ҾͿ޸㿴ߣ

ӼСƤӣЦЦƽעⳡϣ֣ҶڿأһҪҵģǱǣ˵ţתӵӣƽӵƤֻίһˣ

ӵͷҲȴѰ˼ţǰСˣСӣԺûӹ硭

һĸҲѾ̱У֮էһʵ൱֪׵ļˣ֮дȣкԵЩƣȻиСƿһʵȻǿҲֻýĿ˵ڶ֮ϡ

˶׼ã̫Ƿͳһţǹһʮ֧װļ֮Աʽʼ

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Ĺ򣬴˴ηŵļֻʮ֧һĶʤͨΣϵǿ̶ÿζӶҰ֮˭Ķ࣬ڳ˶һѻҲûȤζԡ

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ʱʮӱ޸ߺȵ˳۳ڿҰ֮ϣһֵĺʹһЩڿҰ֮ʳʳݶɢӡ

ۣǰӺͳԶϺ򸮵Īˣǵﶼϵȵ׷ٶȼ죬ȻҲٶȣԲ׷Ķ֡

ڽӽֵʱͻȻƱٶȷŵøӻȻСڿҰϣӺ񲢲ԣ̤һ

ҪЩ˱׷ıٶȣĪ׷ͲƱĶ֣ǵ׷ֻһƥҰԵѾûԿԡ

ƱȴΪͬƱ񲻵ҰԣҳӵѬӰ֮£ѱüԣҹʶǳǿһӺʷ²ڳҪӴƱǾҪԿͷģıƣѷͨЩܱˡ

ڶβʱʱӼ¿Ҳͬʱٷ֪Ҫ׼øղż˽õĲˣҲԴհȻ֪ʲôҲһֱŶ顣

ΨСһƥҪ׷ǰЩˡԼһĶתͷԸС죬ߺߵصǿѽ˶ѾˣȻǾʹ򲻵ˣ

ƽͲļÿ֧Լ֧漴ɣƽ˵

Ϊʲôѽ˼ѵó棿ƽ⣬ҲԵЩԸ

ȴ˵㲻ԸϣôҲұ֤ǻ᲻õһζ

㣬ߣƽһζҪпȡͲؾӸ˴ӡ

֮ǰûȴͽͲȡԼֻֻͽͲӵ֣ҵļܣͲ˷Ѽˣ

ӽ˹󣬸ӡ¿ÿ˷֧Ƭ˾ޣ׺һҰ޾ǳܣҶֻһ֣ʶǿײУǼȻԴΪĿ꣬ô֮ǰõļƻУ

һ󣬱ҩɽĺɽȥ

＾֦֮ҶïϵҶݻƣЩʪĿЩҶЩ淢ᡣ

ﱳҩɽԵúܰľҲȽŨܸߴ棬йɳʪĸоҲһɵ֣ʹ˵ҲܵЩӰ죬޷Զ۲

ӶֻȽʶȴҲĻɱܻЩѶȵģ˵ֻ£ܳûĻھ̸֮ٿ

ʱ֮ͻȻڹһɫӰӣӵľ裬ŰƽƺЩšһ˻£ʹܱϵķɢҲ˾ΧСҰޣʼĴӡ

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ǰ棬ҲɫӰӻȴ¶һ֮ɫһֻǣԵǾĻõһ׷˵ţһͳӰ˸ķ׷ȥ

ǣѰ˼£еֲĸоӦòȺɡ׷ʱͻȻһ֣Ѹٴ˸ָӵķ֮󣬾ֻһӥһڵѸݵķȥ



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Ӿ֣ǵ׿ʲôı飬Ǹ˹ǲݴȥһ֮£ͫ΢Ҳɳһ

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˳ʬ첲ķȥвݴڵԱһ֦ǲݴͼǲݴԺλдһһûд֣թ

ѵթѰ˼ĥǸ֣ԽùŹ֡

ʱӼҲ˹ʵʲôˣ

˵磬оʬ壬Ӻֲܿƽ˾ţ

һʬѣʲôôСֵģײҰ޽϶࣬ƽҰϮҲǳ֮£ӲΪȻ˵

ʱͷϿͻȻһضӥ֮ɫһ䣬ҿ뿪թ

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ֻǴ󣬵жΪƷȻ𾴣ΣͷܵһΪˣֵ𾴵ġ

ǻʲô߰Ӵһȡһ˵һֻܵĶǣһӣʹ޴˰ƽϣһƽһԱߵƽһ˹ȥ֮ϡ

 һ ɱ

ƽƥס۶һ֦ݺݵش̽һʹѨ֮ϣǳʹ˻һ󣬾㳯ǰȺ񱼶ȥ

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һȺﱻȥ˺ҧƥյʱһһʹŰƽȺֿյķʻȥںĶӺ¿ҲóеĹɱ赲·;ϵĶǡ

ӷƣǼΪⶾ綾ҧһھǴ鷳˸գԱ˺һƤָҧ֮ѸٵƤѪд˼֣ȻһľڵïܵĿմִһƣȻһ˳ǿƤʹӳϵİС

ͼһ廬֮󣬺׼ȷľӥצסǿƤڿ£ӵƶ֮һ񷣬ܿͱһڵ㣡



Գ֮УྸʵڹԱǵͬ£ڿҰϴһЩÿ˶ն񣬻صӪ󣬻ʵ۸ˣ˽Ƥȥ࣬˻ѣ׼Աĺտ硣

ڻй׼ϢһʱʵͻȻ̧ͷ죬һֻӥ޵׳һֻӥˡù

ʱѩ˹ֹ

ʵ۲⣬ѩΪֹѵӥ˭ģ

ϣӥСүһֻͿ˧֮ҲһֻֻӥͬѰӦֻ

ʵţЦЦˣǱˣʡֻӥС⣬ףӥô

ʵ˵ţ̧ͷ죬ͼӥ֮󣬾ͽӥצ֮ϵǿƤٻһڵʧ˲֮С

Ϻܺ棬ǽȥһ̫˹ȥǿƤдżѪ֮󣬵ɫ䣬ͼæ˻Ƥʽ˻ʵۡ

ʵ۽ӹƤֻдţɽб䣬Ԯ

֮󣬻Ҳɫһ䣬ȵͳڣ

ڳʱϱɫһλ׵ģӢ˲ź˼й˽

ҲûеȲǰ񣬱ٽٸɽΣҪʶȻȥʱʣ

ּһһתͼæأͬʱྸʱ˳ɫصصѩ³ͻȻҲ̸ɽӦһ£̽һԮǺԭ򣡡

ѩͷҲȥˡ

ڴǼʵɫ̫ã˼ʲôоڲ²ɽԵǲǷ⡣иԵŮҲЩЩֵĳ˶ó



ɽ֡

ѾͲеļ㽫һֳ彣һֻʱһӳǿڵأսˣдôжǣҩɽӳԣҲжޣôͻȻһȺ

⻰ҲپùŹ֣һɱһֻβںҪ͵ϮĶǺ󣬾ͼӺһȺǣתͷǰ档

ԴһֶǱһƥͻΧķ򣬶ǲûжչѸ͹ƣǴ󲿷ֶ£ҶԴӵĹƼΪңֻдӲСһĻиӲ²⻳ΪʲôΧҪĿǴӣǼȴûôܵѸ͵Ĺ

ɻʱ¿Ҳٶ￴һۣ˵ôЩǶԴӵĹңȴֻСɧţЩûд˳̶Ȱɣ

ûзͷǵټһɱһֻ͵ϮĶǣתͷ¿

¿ҡͷͷһ켣Ⱥ֮УǺױϵģΧȺСȿֻż֣ûЩǵͷǳûˣ

ô˵ؼпֻܾˣں˼˵ţſӦܿأǶȺλò׽һνСٶȼ죬ɫӰӡ

ȻϼֻɫӰӵĸƶ켣֮Ѹٷżֻ֧ƿ֮ƶλüȥ

ֻʮֽƻӲŷų֮ʣͻȻһֻǵĺ棬һȴֻϣУֻֻǵغٴζ㵽һֻһͺ£ΧЩȺĹƸҡ

һȺǵͷǣֻ֣ǵͷôһֻǣӰ˼⡣

һֿܣ¿ʱͲеļֻʣ֧û䣬ǳ彣һ⣬ͽһͷĶǻУɾ

ͻȻ¿˼˵ֻǾޣ

ǣ¿мֻɧҹתۼӵĹҲʣ࣬ȴû彣㽫еĽɾһͼһǽ൱ıСӽסӸӣӽ

ýӽӹǰѱС˼ˣһʽ콣˳һ̣һͷǻ֮󣬳¿еĽһۣԭĸ

¿ҲûֻͣרעɱĶǡ

ǵٶȷתۼСڶڻ£ѾȺĹȦӣӴʱȴͻȻֵתͷתͬʱ彣˺ɱǣһֶ˳˳ѣȴôƿڴȻѣ

֣ƽ˵ųҶںһĸͬʱܿȺԼѣֵһɱʹɣȻҲڣ

˵ţӲվһƵƵ͵ϮĿյλãһȦȴҲȺΧѹԽԽ

ӿ˶һۣ۽ЩۼԼ϶ദѱҧˣѾЩ֧һһ˻һȺĶΧס˺ҧ

ŶӺ¿ҲڶΧ£ж֮£òҲϽȺ֮ιǣԵûʱˣѰϡ

ȴڴ˿ԥˣȺ᲻ƱȺ˵αԼƱܴ㹥ĶǱԼټӵĿⱣûˣʱȺΧƱǲû˿˺ġ

ҧҧ֮󣬾ƱߣܵСˣֻҪܻȥʷ¾εõлģƱϰߵķʽһƨɣһߣ

Ʊ˿ȴ϶ôϣǲߣ֮дŨŨĲᣬǡ

Ʊߣ֪ʱֵΣѹͷ۽ǴʱҲЩʪۼһֻǳƱŭһֻǿ룬ٴһƱ˫ͨ죬ֻ׸ң

 һ 

˻ɡ

Ʊƺһ㡣ʱǰһһһۺ󣬱һȻһֻϣ߿ֻǣһһԶȻͲżֻǵӲ˳ȥ

ӴʱƱƱҧˣƱһֻ𼴽ʱȻһֻǻУۼƱȺ񱼶ȥû׷˿



˼Ʊ´ͬʱһ䣬ӿһֻǣѪȴҲ˵׷ѷǷܱȣȺȷʵ̫ϧˣ

޹£𽣣콣ܱеһͷǣǺж糱ˮһɱ֮

ɱ˺һۼȺԶ࣬һֱɱȥҲǰ취

ʱСܳȺûһֻ׷ɾ֣ǾСתͷ

ֻǻ¼˲ûиҲûж׷ǱСסƽҲ֣磬ôûи

ЩյصڻǳڱȺΧˣ˵ͻȻСƽȥȱͻȥӦǣ

磬ҡҺ£Сҿ˿ûгֲ֣ʶ·

֮ȴü㲻Ҳѧ似а˼ʵôôֹͷ޸֮硭

Сһšü˭˵ҲһȥȴֺͶǣߣ

ͷ󣬴ʱתͼһƥһⲻӵôֻˣѵǡ

˵ɫأȻƽڹƺΣգϾͻȥһϰȱҪˣСˣܾܲȴҾͿˣߣɽһֱܾ֣ܳ

֮ɫҲȥһҧתͷ⼱ʻȥ

ٸϵǱȺΧĵصʱԶԶͿнֻǽ˰Χʱ˻Ѫÿ˸Ĵ󣬵ԡѪɱ

ɱɱɱ

ڵĵϣһʬϸߣѪѾ۳СϪЩԼ̶طҵĹһһ

ۼˣĿһѪڣ󣬾ϢȺĺչɱ

Ӽȥһ֮Ҳ˲˵ʲô˵ΣգĬسƶȺķΧһɱһ

Ȼ룬ʱѹԼһЩȺ͹ȴȻǿٻʮֻѰһ

ӴʱЩãЩȺǵĹ̫ңҲܽթһжϣȻӦҲܲסȺһ*ΧÿĶܴ

ҪĻŸ߶Ȼռƣڵƣÿ˶ܽԼĺ󱳸ȺҲûл㵽ϣֻп֧ţȴԮ

ʱֻթľۼȺ˵ɱ֮٣ͻȻŭһЩ֮ƺǷ˿һ㣬۾Ѫ죬ƤëǸһ֬øӷͻȻˣĻȫسȥƺһεķʽϮ

ʱоѹȻһۼΣڴӲһһͷʱͷͬʱѪǷٶ졣

СģڴߵĶۼֵһһѽԼ嵲˴ǰһὣһֻ¿ҲԮֻ漴ʹƺ

ܣӼӵĴȱҧһڣ˫ͨ죬ŭһֻһ󡣾ͼæס˵صĶ̽ơ

ͼϴƬⱻҧѪֱðһɶҺʼӣļ˴Ƥʼ̣ʼӡ

ǿǶʱӵ˿ӵƺ󣬾ɵ˿¿״ӻóһƿӸӵпŰٲݵ£ڻ

ˣ裬˵ĶΧһȦչɱӽƿֱӴƣȡٲݵӷº󣬼ͼԵõƣɫת࣬˺ԼΪֹѪ

ӵ˴ԱƣֹѪ֮λӵҲǸ־ǿˣվץסеĽüͷҲûмһ£׼ս

ӿλƽﱻ˵ųܵĶӴʱı֣жĿı䣬ų֮ˣôܻΪԼ絲¶֮ǣųôж֮üͷһ£ı֣ų𣬿ʼҵλӣвΪ֪һ档

໣

ʱͻȻеĶƺǵõʲôһθıս ʣµĶֻΪһ飬ʼͬʱѸ͵Ĺʹÿ˵ѹһȻӣҲûлụԮ

ҲͷɱǵĹУΪӦͻȻӦһƿ֮Ӹٲٶ

Сİƿ֮ӽ֮ʣͫ΢ͼʮ֧ȳһＲĿǴӣһһֻ֮ʣʹһŽǶ߳ӭ򰵼

ݣ

󣬴ʱֻϣֻɹӹתͷԾؿһǶӵֻֻѾû壬ȫѪѿĸλм

Ҫ֪˭ֵܣӶҪ壡Ӵʱ˫Ѫ죬Ƿ˷һѾȥĶӣһ

裬ѸٵŰǸȥȴѾտҲûκζ

໣

ҲʱֻٴγһǾӦʲôΣգͻȻ͵ͷȥĶҲ׷׷˹Ŀ꣬׷׿ʼɢ

ݣݣݣݣ

ЩǷɢ֮ʣʱ֦ƿ֮ЩǷ׷ױ䵹ڵأֻߵľǴʱҲһżѸӽľܿ첻Ӱӡ

ʱһɫӰＲٶٶ죬ȵ˸ǰ֮˲ſһŹѩ

ѩæ˹ػԵĶ֮ɫصˡ΢һ

ӲֻǱŶӣ΢΢ЩʧȴĬĬᣡ

ҲǼĹ򣬴ʱΧһ󼱴ٵĽŲʱͳҲٸ߻ƣҲűˣǱС



 һ 

΢ȼ١ӵ𷣣žһֻܹСӻԲѣо

ʵҪ˶ôأڶˣѾ˼Իʵ۵ŭ𣬼ʧ񣬱ԸµϷɽƬ֣ҪŹκο֮֮ˣɱۣ

ǣţֳɼСɢ￪ʼѰȻղŴ𲻵Ҳ֪Ȼ˸Ұӡ

ѩʧ񣬾˹̽¶ӵƣɫصȻڼ壬ҪλЩƫϴȥȣȡ

ʱڻع񡣲˫Ѫ죬վǺϸҷŻɽƬɽָյøɸɾңҪǧУ壡

ǼЩħӣҪɽȴҲΥͷ׷׿ʱҲҴŭĻͷѩ

ѩɽ֮лڴԣɽ˱ǣӵ궯ŭڱȽͻؾβ⣬ӻΣգ֣΢ȥѰ

һ뵽£ֶԲȥõǵҶܣΨʣ

Ĩ˰Ѻ֮ʱҲлļʿѸٵؽʱ׼ĵ˹СĵؽػӷŵϺֽеţҽ׼ùӭʱΣȲҪ

ʱ˿ҵ˽ܵúܺ񣬾ʿǻٽߣʱȴͻȻҲεڵأһӻˣһѾľˣǶĵʲôµĻʮԴҲ޷ˡ

ֻǸʼ¿ʹʱҲʼͷΣЩվȡ

ӴʱҲǸоͷζģղž̫ɱУһֱҲûЩϢڷǹɶϢ㿪ʼ

״ʱ׵Ļˣ

ѩˣҲǺȻһȫͻȥΣκʧˣ漴ѩа롣ɽһһϸˣôдĶǳ֣ĸڳ⡣



ʱ֣һΣӳĵô类һƬѪɫ

ƾǻʹ֮УͼŮ̫ÿɫҴңʱй̫ڴߺȣʱһƬæµľ

ڻʵƽϳĽǵϣʱȺڴ֮վžһʵ۵úȻը죬ʹĳһ

ʵԳʱ򣬾Ѿŭһλɱ˼ˣڴʱĻûֽ豭ŭĪٴТţǸޣҩɽôִĶĿĵΧӣǰΪɽܱ߱ӷܻзŰɽϸ죬ǾĽ޵ģ

Ϊʧְ϶ԸĪٴТһһ׵ĹǱ飬췢£ҲȷʵбƲѣ©Ҳ˵壬ȥϲ֮żʱԻʵ۵ŭҲֻ˵Ƕ¹򣬵Ⱥʵ۳ͷ

ȼ£ʱ䣬޾ҪϣܸһĽԼ£

ĪٴТл֮˴󣬸Ĩ˰Ѷͷϵĺ㲽ӿ죬ҴȥղŻʵۺĻû˵꣬ģǲ˼롣첻Ļ׻ȥˣߵٶȣܵˡ

ʱһ̫ҽǰϣӼСүڶϢѳ޴󰭣ֻձɣ



ϢȺǲɾһǻϴʱҲ˿û¾ͺá֮£ûһҴƹĺ򣬻ҪλάĵвٵԴЩʱգЩŮ̫ȥź򣡡˵꣬ʵֶ˶ٵΣ

ϣеǷΪ˾˵Ĳλʱȣʱסˣ辭һγʱĽһǣ

壿ʵһüͷ壬һŭݣҳƵؼûûнκ˽Զã棿

˵ţʵתྸʵܣȫȨ飬鵽ı˭ʾն

ྸ֮󣬻ϵʲô̫ҽٵ㷽˵ʶ˴󲿷ַʸ˭޶Ҫͣ

̫ҽ£ϣ򱱺Ϳ˧֮ͿӣӵҲ죬ǶϢΪûüҩͺܿԼϢȥڱȳ˻Ҫǿ׳ΪҲ֪ΰţظʾ£

Ŷд£ʵɫֺ֮󣬵һΪﵽ쾳ʦܹ˹ϢȥҲЩʱ䣬СôָܻҲмֱ£ȥ鷿ȺһлҪʣ

̫ҽӦ˴֮󣬻ʵ΢תһЩŶȺɢ˰ɣ糯飡



ӱּ̫֣ʵ۵鷿֣Ͳ˵ڵһվſڡ

֪ʼ࣬ҲһѣҲ߶Ĵ¡

ҲһҵĹ򣬾һλ̫˵ǻʵѼ鷿Ȼ֣˷ţѼʵ۸պߵſڣʱĺ׼ȷʵǰ;

ʵ۽鷿һ֣Ҳû˵֣Զ˳ȥȻš

վ׼񣬶ʵȴض޽л㣡

˵ţʵ۾һ

֮󣬻ʵ鷿һſǰϣû˵ֻǴӼۣһֱȵʱ˿ţȻ֣Ů˲ˮúú󣬻ʵ۲ŵ׼κţ

ּ֣һ󣬾ȥ

ɣʵۼһֱվţɫҲ޾ɫ̹ȻЩͣ׼

ӵл󣬾ʵԶһϡ

ʵʵ㣬ȥɽִԣʱ˭⣿

ӵػϣǴӵ飬ԺɽгܣҲɱȽϤ£ȥ˺ɽ֣

ţʶȷʵеҩɽԵϰߣÿζԵƻ㣬ڴԹУʲô쳣

룬Ǿ߹Źֵʬ壬ǵ쳣У׷һʱ﷢һ߱ҧĿȫǵʬ壬ʱ䲻Сϸ۲£ʬǰдһթ֣ǻû뿪ֳȺ

һʬ壬һթ֣ʵ۳˼£ʬǺ

ƽΣ䣬ж󣬲ʱѪģĿȫǣֽȫʣͷСõ࣡

ԴôʵͻȻʡ

Ӳ⣬һ㶣

 һһ ֮

ʵۼԻ顣˵ֻһ֮˶ԽջϮһµĿ뷨ŵʵ˵ǣˡ

Ѱ˼ţʵ۾ȻĿЩ죬ҲЩŻʵʲô

յ£ŵģֻҪ΢Ծ˽һЩˣ뵽һЩ˼£ſڵϣҪС񿴴£մȺΧⰵϮ϶ԤıģûеʲôˣôҪĻضͼıһЩõĶǮȨλ

ʲôô£һȻĴȨһǻʴǳֱ䶯ڸ·ŵеЩȨЩʵȻҲô룬Ӳ˵ֱ̫ˣֻ˵뷨

ʵЩȴüͷԵЩ⣬Сӣ˵ЩһЩϻʮоŸ˶𰸣޾һЩһ˵޼ˡˣŵ˵㻹˼ʲô

˵ţʵͻȻ̧ͷӣ㲻ǰСӰۣ֪ϳɣǲͣЩͷƻھУضԵ񳯾Ҳ˽⣬޻ôһ޹޾С£Ӧ޵˼

ǱҪѹ·ĴڻʵǰҪ˼ȷʵ治˼ңִԽģгǰ˼룬ǲ磬Ͼ˼ҿһǰֻһֻ֪ʿѡ

ʵѾ촰룬ɴֱ˵ˡСֱˣϣСΪʬ壬ֻһĻӣ˵עʬϸϣ˳飡

ʵ⻰ɫοͷţ˵˵

ӼԣĶ鶼ల£ΨǺʹһȴϮĿԾǴӡ˵ݾˣԴӵϰߺ˽⣬ΪԸҲǳϤ֪϶ҪȥɽԳܣȺǳֵ̫ͻأͷһֻǣǾޣ˵ͷǾģȺΧ֮ʣҲԮ֮ǰ˶ڰٲ֮İŰɱӣʱյú׼֮ѸӰ٣˵˶ҩɽԳܱߵĻҲʮϤ˽ӷãʱѡڽϽڶ࣬ԱɸӵԴ£ܸټ

˵Ӷ˶٣һСʻϣ

ʵ񣬺Ȼϣ⾡ֱʱǣ

ϣС͵Ϯʲô壬ǼǲѾȥˣ

ʵ۵Ҳֱӣ˵Ƿ壬ؼƾ޽κ˲˽ԵãϺͶȥˣ

ϣȻؼùҲų˽Ŀԣܵˣһ˽Ŀ˽һ֮ϣ͸˴ΧȥŲ飡

˵룬ϣһеĲðţٽϵľƣСи²⣬ǾǲⳡıˣӦｫ켰ʿ֮Ĳ¼뻳ɣʹĶҡӶң

ѵǻʴ֮λҲȨʵӣа룺СӹȻͬˣ˼άת֮ͻأ֮޴δ

ɵãʵеԽϲ˵ãıȻӻҡĿʲô˻Ȩ

СôΪС룬пܲǾˣЩ飬пΪԵǰ׼

ʵ۴ʱ΢΢ݶǰ꣬ȷʵҲδ̣԰йأྸѩͼλҲû뵽˴ȴǰ뵽ˣɼǻۣȻԶˡ

Żʵ۵ı飬΢׳׳ʵϣС񶷵ʣԵãǲɳ۾ټ϶ģС֪Ƽõģ

⻰ʵ۵ӣȴ룬СʲôѲͻܴҵıɣҪҪСӣһй¶Ļ

뵽ʵоȻҲЩ岻СǸ˲ţҲųСӻᶯ˼Сӽúˣ˵ЧòõĻ

Ƥջ߻ԼϣʵпЦСӷ޿һΣ룬ʵ˾ȻȻҲʲôܵĶ޸ޱ֤Щûй֮ǰκ͸¶䣬Լ𣡡

ƣôʵ۵ĿǣСѧ˸߷񣬲ӻʵۿ˵ѹһĴصͷ

ʵʱվߵԱߵһǰܵİ֮󣬴ȡһӵϵԼɣ˽뷨ޣ

ּ

ߵߣ֮ȷʵһõӵһ۾Ϳ¿İã򺣾ҽνԪϾͿలöҽƫξҹñ밲һֱݰõҲĪõĶǰʮЩ롣

һֱϵʮλȫԿ֮룬ҲЩͷͰӷŻϺ˻ϣϣյĽ

ʵ˵İãǲǾЩ룬˴γټܳ޵ϣϵƼû㼯ģɿʲôͷ

Ӳ֪ʵеĵߵʲôղ׳ŵ֮£;ûʵѾ˼ˣҪ˵һЩʵ۽ܲ˵Ļǵûʵһŭ᲻ῳԼԴʵѾˡ

ʲô뷨ֱ˵ǣ޽ĵôСЩ£ѾԼе˼ˣȻѾ˴λϮһǣ԰õˣôԾŪף޵ҲС˵ʲôͬڴǵһЩ

˵꣬ʵ۵ӵ޻Ҫ㣬Щ飬֪̫ˣûʲôô

ǻʵ۵дʱȴ룺С˼ܣǸѵõ˲ţԸξ򣬻ʵܾȻ֮ãȻʵֲܲˣô˵ҲƲ˵ˣˣ޾ҪǸʲôϣĪҪ޶ʧ£

ʱҲЩо岻ʵ۵˼׽ĥղûʲôôԼ鷳ҪֻʵۻĵĻֲˣͷΪѣ룬ǲʵ۴򽻵ĺЩ黢˳ϲң

ʵʱ˿ڲ裬ֻǾǿӣҲ˵ڵȴʲôһ

һշӸоѹྸ֮ζˣ֮ĵҲˣɴˡ

ǵϣСϵľټݲʲôСи飬֪ûȤ

 һ ٻѩ

ʵȷʵȤ

ӵ  糯ʱϾ볯ʱҪվϽԿɹ۲ȺǵķӳСӳǿҵĴ󳼲۷ʱͬӦûʲô⵫Խ侲ĬľͶ⡱

Լ ʵ۵

ǸѧϵӻһʱýҲǸǰһ˾˵ġ

ʵ𲻻Ҳֻõ  Ϊÿ˵Ը񶼲ͬƽʱϻԾΥ֮¶ʱӦûѡĬΪһԱضʧ˿ԴǼҵĴǻҲֻ뷢¿Դ֮ػӢӦҲֱܷ桱

֮ҲûʲôֻͻȻ˵  Ӧʮ˰ɡ

²׻ʵôǴ

ػС＾ʮˡ

š

ʱʵͻȻʱдһ鲻ɺ˼ʵɶ

ͼ֣ʱ˽  кηԸ

ʵ˵  ֮Ϳ˧֮Ԯȼйڳ֮ʾҪͣʳּͿӶԾȻӵΣ֮Ϊͻƽǧƥ򹦳ʿ֮˶ѫ  

˵  ʵۼޱ˶ֵ  ĸ׷ϮһƷ˰ɺǶ°ɡ

ּ֣֮ŶԱ߷㶵ӵ  ʲôл

ĸڱλô

Żعд˼ǸϽл

ô²ΪһܸĸһݵλͰȫôĸһƷھô׻ٽ˳תһܸĸȫıͿԷԼˡ

֣뿪鷿ʱʵһֱǸ걳Ӱ뿪֮˼ص  ̰Ȩ̰ʹ;λΪĸ׷Ϯȴʧ̬ɼǸТ֮˻ʵѽ˲Ȼ׼ʧ  

ɫѰڻظ·һֱѹԼͷļ

ʱ֣һĸ׼㰸ǳ̵дּ̫Ҫϲּھͺ޲ɻظаϢĸġ

Ʊ֮ºͻȻ仯·֪˵Ǿͼӿ첽һ򸮼ʻһ·ϵҲûгײκ·˻ＫΪѸ

ֻӹǷ򸮵·;Ҫʢѩ¥Ӳʢѩ¥Ա߾֮ʱ·һдغһ˳˽ͷסӵȥ·

˻ɡ

ƱͻȻ˵ס·ʱһǰһһʻоȵͣƺҲԵд˲ֱӾ͸һλӡ

Ǵ󺺱䲻㵽һĽųˤڵʹһλȴе  סҵȲ޶빫顱

ӵ  гôǺ·ϵҵȥ·ҵһҺڡ

  λסҲֻձ㹰ֵ  ̸ܹСѾȺ˹һˡ

֪һתͷ  ܹܳҾͲȥˡ

  һдԥ»ϻʢѩ¥п

һͼλܹһ·С˳ֵ  ӼȻԸ³ǻͬСȥϰɡ

Ҳ΢۾򣬳ȹܺ༴  ȻڹѾȥǾͲܹˡ

Ƕϰ岢ϴﻹСĴȥɡܹ۾һЦǣһƥȻһȥ

Ӹλܹеǲ쿴ѩھǴλսľݵڸ鱨ȷʵǰ;

ƽվ۾ӵĵһɫɫ˶вڶϳΰϽһ˭ҵǾǴٺͻ֮̾ط

۾ܹһصլСԺǰµǰȥλɰСŮ̽СԴһ۾ͿӵĴ۾ݵĹâųӭ  

΢ЦСŮͷСŮ¾һլСԺҲʱͻȻһɫӰ͵سＱڶ

ѽ  

۾ܹڶһֻѩһ˻ƵıɱȥһͲӰ

ЦЦûѩʹϵʱͷѩΪʵ  ճʹͰ͵صӾСèֳԵһ

СŮ۾գѽգСֳݵӲû˹·ͱıعԺǰȥ衣

ӽݺֻ˾ͼѩһѩȹйǵָ°չǰ΢΢һ  СŮӼӡ

֮΢΢ӦйɲͬѩһϢ֮ȻĺܺõûӹĲ

ӲɫСŮ˲ѩҲʵ

С֪ʲô̸ѵϴεСн

ѩ۲ǰÿοвͬоԴԼܱ֪Լõ˽һǰҲûСͽоĺȻԽԽϲָо

ʱٿ峺ȻĮǲûĿλŮһʱѩҲ˴𻰡

Ӽ۲д˳ɶ豭ߵ˿ڵ  Ų費ȻҶһ㵫õˮرܵ  

ѩعϼ˫վз̼æԼʧ̴̬ڵ  ϴᵽСŮҽһֻܸṩҵ鱨ĳֳɵ鱨빫ӼĪҪʹΪѡ

ҵ鱨ôѰ˼ֻ˵ĻΥԼǺĿ˵ʢѩ¥¥ӪҵķֳһȺܿɹ۵Ŀȫܹ׻һķչҪһʱõֻǽǮķֳɻرȴԶܲ㡣

ʢѩ¥ȱǮȱͿӵʵձȨǿӲֵ֧һǮ£ġ

ӵ  Ȼֻҵ鱨ǮôѩСǾ˶ܴ⻻õʲôȫ֧ǲ  

ʱӸо֮еϢŨŭ֮΢΢Ц  СȻݺαڵһ

 һ 

ݣл˳ʱָŵȻļʤѩδ¶СŮӻ֮ƮȻ

ĸ߹ŶױżѩĹλǾɫʱһֱ˿۾߾Իг԰Ρ

ӸϽʹԼľƽǰλŮ֮ȻȻƿĿ豭ߵ˿ڲ衣

۲΢һ΢΢һ  һϯĪ֪ǽʵ  ǽͶһ˱һӵ

νҳֻǿĳ߲߶СΪһЧֻΪ˽ôСƾʲôΪӷ²豭

ѩʱ֮ⲻ֮̽䷢ҪȰ⼸䵫ȴһûиҲ˵Ļᡣ

ӵ  ǹθǵ֮ǲ֮ԹĿǰ״ʵô

ûشǵ֮â˸ƺǿ֮еֻ  Сβǽ뻢ıƤһһӷǵʵݺ

ѩͬʱһ

Ӽ  ֪ ֪ǵΪ  ôһĬĬڻʵǰ޽˵׼ཨ鱨֯˹ӲŵȡûʵҲδ˵˻Σλؿһ¡

ƽϢ֮е𾪻  ˵ôѵΪһӲֵѵǾͲỳɹǷҲʱǵ鱨֯뷨ء

ӵ  Ȼҿ̹׵ظʱǵ鱨֯뷨ҵǺ̲Сϸ



ʲôֵǸʱѵֻļƱ˦Ļʮֵļ

  ѩд˲ҪȰȴһ  㲻Ҫ˵

ѩٿҧᴽ۲֮˴Եúί

ӵ    С֮鲻˫ûгôܻС͸¶Լĵص  

ͻȻӶһ²ɰֻ˵  ǵĵ޷ǾǹϿܿǴ˰ա

Ŵѩɷ  Ͽ־ͷ·һǽ𶯲ӵʵܵΪܵʹܵỹΪ֮ŬܶľС

  ʱҹϿһ֪ܳӳҲ˵ĵȴ֪ϸô˵ҲΪЧǽþԴһӵһֺ͵ƽ

뵽󵨵Ĳ²ٿʱд˸ҪҪҪһӺлĶǵġ

һѾֹһζ˼ҪӶһǿҪӺòͻ¶ʱָ

˭ʱͻȻӦʲôͻȻ衣

漴ѩ  һŭŵһͳԺＲ˶ȥ

ӴʱҲԾæվһֱײӵǵžͳԺӡ

ͼѩʱſŭһߵĺȥǺ˵ٶҲѩٶȸ˦ֻȥľȻųǿת󴡷ɷѩצ֮Ϸǰ

ѩһ֮ѸٵһγǸҪܵȥ˱ѩסʱӴʱҲѸٵظϵһȫı׾  ȥ֮˳ȭ֮Եʽ

檼

ǺۼİԵǿȭ⾢űװǿ洩͸оҲ漴ȫľӭһȭȭʱı֮ײСԺеĳҶѸٿݻƵ¾ܱߵĻҲܵ˲׷ⱬ׾Ӱ֮¿ή

ۡ

ʦʵӵʽټϱ׾ǿȫ߼ʦĹǺһ֮¾ͱԶײСԺ԰ܱߵ֮һѪ˲ᡣ

ѩʱҲŹʹˮĻһ֮ٴȥʱƴ뽫ѩĹ⡣

ѩϵȾǰʦӦԵ֮ѩצʹı˺˴ƬѪѩſ͵ҧֻ첲Ȼ﷢պյһһ첲˺

Ǻ˾ȻҲ־ǿ˱ѩ˺һ첲Ӳûпһǿһ߳ѩžʹӲվȻҪߡ

׼ٴγ֮ʱȴͻȻͣжԸоܱߵϢʼޱȹų֮סȫǹϢӰ졣

ѩҲܴԤϢӽС

ͼʱԺﱻ  ŨŨķۺɫ־˷·һԹþǷ֮лζӲҺ  ùϢԼϢ״̬ûܵǷۺӰ졣

ֻǼĹͼǺվֻһͳ׵вͣŶˬ

֮  漴ͼпһھѪڵز˶

Ǻ˵ز֮ʱѩæг˳Ҳʲô͵ؾͱӵĲӽʱᴽжɹһޱˬϢ֮ŷſĲ漴ߵͨһۺƵܽݡ

Ȼ֪ѩǺԼɰ˵ϢǿǷۺ»öϢĵԾѩǶһôǷֻҪһ㶼δӦòеİɡ

ֻᴽ㻬봥ĸоӲͷһд˻ζ

ҲǼĹͼԺǷܿɢһӷſоˬԼҲûʲôʡ

ʶ˻ֲֿ츳ҲаԳԾ

֮ͼɫд˲԰ײͶľȴӾ  С츳Ȼһ˿ºӵùջ֪ĻĹȻɱεĲŪ

ӺαǫСŮû괺ϢȴԹӲδӰɼ֮벻ΪȴҲ͡˵תдɫصһߵѩ  Ȼֺαضһ١

ѩһ˲৵¾ͺ͸˾ǿڷŴĺĵ

 һ 񵽱

ǵǸڲɶʵԺӼѩ㵡ܹɱֻʱˡ

ȴδͻȻųϢɱǺ˹ⲻҲǶһô»ĿǾɱ˳̽ʵ

ӲǻӰôͲˣѩεǱӰĻѩͺбҪΪⶾӸղŽö˵ıѾ˴ŵƶö˵˼Ѿԯˡ

Ҳ֤ʵ뷨ӳߵǺ˵ʬ߶һ³Ҳûʲôֵı֮ĵƶϳǸϵ̽Ӿǲ֪ǲɴ̽ӷö˵ĻǴ̽ġ

ղ̸ǱڷȷʵбҪɱ

ڴҲûزվͼѩԼҡβ͹ԹԣèʹԼͷҲڲϵȾͺԼʲôζߵľ͸ġ

ʱѩҲʬǰֻһƺҲ  ˵  ᵽĺ֮ϸһ½֮¿ѱ˿ʼעһᾲȸˡ

˵Źӱȭѩһ۾ͳԺѩһֱԺ֮Ųǵͺһת

뿪ıӰü˼

ѩĿǱӰʧ̴֮˵  ֪ҲǵݲûʲôƫҲ̹ΪʲôͲһء

תĿдЩɫЩѩ  ǲǶ

  û  ûСѩһæ

㲻ýƱǰʧ̬ѵһ˼˺׽˼ά뷨ҲпղץסҵʵǺĻǽ˵ϣ͸ͼıཨ֯  Ӵ˸

ѩ  ǽһӴӦǵµûһֱǵΪѵһ㻳ɶûеĴɱ

㲻ñ˵˴ֻҪʢѩ¥Ӫþ¾Ͳˡ

˵ѩ۾  ھѾڻɼԽҲӴһˣû֮ǰ㲻Ų˽Ӵ

    ѩ˵ʲôϵ  ˵ǽü縺ʹûȫȳǰҲ㶯Ů˽  

ѩԽҧᴽ  гӯһˮëһգˮʹǾӨϻ

״о˵̫ɫȥˮ  㻹  Ů»¶ղ˵̫ؿɽҲΪֽ

ʱܽλòʻӺݵŮӲʱɫҴҽżѩڱ  峤м

  ʲô¡ɫæɫؼҲ̸ѩžͶݡ

֮櫾ӻؿڴ⿪ڷۺǶȡһŽ

ӹչĿ֮ɫ伸ǻʧɫ  ôʲô˷˴ϵľӴӴӵġ

櫵  едŵ˵ʱ̸ʱǲ̸֪

Իֻ֪˴š

֮û˵ʲôòȥʲô

櫵  Ϻ˶ʹϿɴֻ˵Ϊ˽ǲôͬʱҲǷֵλ峤ѹĴ϶˵Ӧˣ˱ܵ

ʧ  ΪʲôҪôǺòײžȳһһ

ǸʶֵǰҲ̵ҲĵΪͲõ  ѩο

ȥ

  Ӧȥ

Ĵ浣ǲ  Ǵӵ˵ʲôˡ

ƴӻصʱѾƵʱˡ

һظȥаѻʵ۷ƷھϢ֮ȴǲΪ˵ɵ˰ȺõƵĴлͱӳ

ӳͱ˵⵫ʼղҲֻóͱ˴˽ԵȤ¿ʱ˾Ϣе㡱Ƶسš

źȴǰ  ȫּ˿㻹Ų

ʱƼ޼ӢڲԺſڵһץ˼ʲôҲڵŲ֪ʲôӾͽ˲Ժ

߽ʱһͱ޼ӢõһһһǴϵһ˾ǻĹ״Ķ

޴ʲô޼ӢԱ߿˰Ҳûڵʲôɳʵ

޼Ӣڿ๹˼һʱͻȻں˵ǱһվӺ˿

ԭǺүһ

Ӽϵļ̵дģķ˿ʵ

÷ʲôס

޼Ӣһ  úүЦڼÿǰģֻǲ̫ʱģþ˷ҵ˸취ƽʱû¾÷ϰʱʱҲ˷

  ҲǸð취  ӵͷҲ޼ӢΪʲôô෬еһ̵Ƶķ  ʲôģõġ

޼Ӣ͵  Ƕǹݵҿˣϰ

Ŷ  ޴绹ݡһȤ

޼Ӣ  ү֪޼汲Ҳùǰʵ۲ɽĳƺרΪ͢ӴԶڸֹʽıһһʽıȻսʱܵǣûҲżݺŪ˴˱켼յȴ޼ӵܻھõκα

ûȴдϲʵ  ޴᲻ԧ

  ޼Ӣдɻص  Ӧһݼհɲûֻ֪ǰʱ޼汲ȻԴԺͼվͱǵĳұȥİ

˵޼Ӣɫд˰Ȼ  ǰ˶˱ļҲûʲô˲޼ԭĻоһֱȱǿļǽּݵľ׼ȱȱԧҾľһٶʮϼݼҲǱԧһ

񵽱ˡ⻰лһ

 һ 

ʹϡ

ȺѾڽϵȺ˿ʱ˵ȴԲʵϵ֮˽

˴ԼǰĹʱ֣ߵǰ߳ʵ糯žͼʵڼ̫Ĺϴ

Ȼʵΰٹӭ֮ʵɫƽͼ֣һ˦߳  бޱڸò顱

ϴõѾύȥ糯ʵ۾Ȼû֮ȴһ¸д׼ۻǸʲô˼Ҳû˳౨

û֣㽫һӽԶ޵  ɶųò顱

ԶӰλ˳    Ծְһ°شϴȺཻΪô˴ͷ״أ¿顱

˵ŶԶ޽Ӵ򿪶Űٹٵ  ѽϴȺϱپһһ˵λͬſɷ˾ܹھзõһλΪ״Ԫ¿öνи⡣

⡱ʱվ˵һ˻ذλ

Ƚ⡱ʱҲ˵ͷ



һͶƱиϵû˶Ͼ¿㲻а  ҲҪȥȺ˭ȥλǿĻ¿ðžô䶨

Զʱ˿ʵ۵ͷͬ¿ϻ˸Ȧǿʼгڶأ

أİϾٴμվ˳һҲŸ  ʵ˴󳼳ʻڶλҲûʲôؾͶˡ

˵һͿԶᵽǱñʱȺǷ׷Եдɻƺд˳һȳ  ûʲôͻҲʾ鵹Ҳд󳼷ͬ

ΪҪһΪ˧ľлʱɳ鰲öĥһٵñ

ʹͬͿջԴ˵ĸɻʵྸҲ

ҹҲд˳밲õıȺǾͿʼѰ˼ϵǰϵõľľЩŹ֡

ɵĹԱǵȸԱ״ҲüʹгҲӰʲôҲͶ  ҹ˳ر

ڶԶᵽȻϾݾҶνʱȺǾͷ׷˿һֵʮֻԾڵзԵҲֵ֧ȴ֪ʲô

ʵۼ龰һϵԱǵɫȫ۵׺۾΢ӵǷƽʱޱȻԾɹԱȻڹڵҲ

ֻнԶر˳Ĭ  һٹ

ٹڳ϶ϲֳĬ̫ϲʲôֻʱ˵һ͵Դ˭ҲƫڳϵĲ˭Ҳ

뵽˴  ʵ۾źۼش½Զɫƽ糣ûʲôʵȴطڶԶնý뵽ϾʱԶȭͷ  ȻȻɿˡ

Ȼֻһϸ΢ĶʵĿ罫һĻվ۵ǾͻȻڵ    ɶⶨʲô

ٹ΢۾Ȼʵʻ  ϳκһɻ϶ᡱ

ǽؼδҲδԴ˶һʵתŽ֡

Զºżæ߳λ  ΪҲκ鵫ƾ϶ᡱ

˵Ļٹһģһ  ʵ۾Ͷ˼ƽ⽭Զڳ֮ҲڱȽϻԾ͵ƺԵд˹ڳĬ˵㵽ʱĻ˵϶⡣

Ǳִ±Ƚ߰뼶ҲȨǷؼƱѵ˵ԴĲƴӵ⽭ԶйػͿСĿ깭Ϳϵʱͷϡ

СӲûʱκα̬ҲûʱλֻǸԼһһȺǵķӳ֤ʵĻһ  滹ǡɾǽԶ˵Ӧû̹ܷԻǸ  ܻи˵ĶĬʲôֻ˵й

뵽ʵԽӿϲȻܹ˵˼ո׼ȷʵǸѵõ˲ŲɵûʵྸһȴྸĿϻʵȻȻƿྸȴǲѰ˼

һһ֮Ȳܵнƽʱ᲻ô  ֻڷڻشʱŴĻ˳ߵѾǿнθﴩϡ

Ҳʵöû취ϺҲû

һֱ᲻ôȻڸеλƽ޵ǲԽ̫ÿټϽڸƽʱǼطĲûйÿش󳡺ϴξֻôһס

Ӹ˵ĻȻһֱŵٿ쳣ٶͻͻѵĻʵھˡ

ʱ̫̫ͿĲ֮¼Ҵ˽̫̫  ƶ  컻  ȥּղϴŻʥּ

ѵӶ˵ġ̫̫ĻԵд˳Ծʧ

̫̫ȴ  ʲôӶ˵  š  ȻѾǸϽȥӭʧ

ŻعҲ΢΢д˽ЦЦʷȥȡЩǣĸ첲;ͳš

ŲѾһӭʥּ˶׼׵Ӳĸ첲̫̫Ÿ³괫ּ̫˹

ּλ̫ǸСҲͶʮ۾ԲԲ촽ȽϺʵҲԵñȽϽʵֱӻ̧һӡ

Сһ߳ʥּ  ̫̫ȫӭӡ

ֻСһдóһỺչȻ  ƹʵ۱گͿΪõﶫԴϾȻӹΣ֮оȼйͻƽǧƥ򹦳ʿ֮ش˶ѫоľλĸϮǰ϶Ʒھ˴ڽ¥մˡ

лʱ¡̫̫ʥּӦӺҲлӹʥּ˵ĺӡ

  ӳʷ´˸ɫʷ½ӹеĺӺóߵǹ  ͹һ빫뼸λ˳Բ빫Ҫƴǡ

ǾͶлСүˡλСЦŽӹӺʮЦݸʢӶ˼֪֮Ҳûнʹ뿪ˡ

 һ Ҫù

糯ʵ۽åྸĪٻü¼

鷿пҲĪ ТʼѰ˼˿ʵҪһµĽչҲͷҲƽ

һʵۻƽ·֮ڼλ̫Ĵӵ½鷿ϺбȺʵ˰ּ˷ֱ

йŮ˲֮  ʵſżɽضĪ Т  ֮¿ʲôüĿ

Т  ػе֮֮ǰղ˷ȡĽ  ΪĪ˧̲Ѱ֮ԳؾһոںɽΧ־ӪȨ־϶ᡱ

Ī   Ͻս鼶Ʊ̵㾭Ϊʵٵ֮һ١

ȴüͷʱͻȻ  ӪûΪҵرӪ⸸պ̲·رӪʧһξ

еǾʬʲôʵڳʵ

ྸǾʬзҽǾʿǳ׮֮дһ̫թӦѲʱʲô˿ڡ

ʶξʶֵ֪˲ôܻǰдһթ֡ͻȻ  жҹյ֮˷ҥ¾Ĳ۹ҲСű¡

˻ʵɫвٴǷȻ춯ʹĲټϻʶҪǱĻϻ岡صϢй¶ôʱֻд£סĵĻֿɵá

뵽֮ϵķֻʵ۵ɫʱ

λ󳼼ʵͻȻҲдű߻ǻҲʲô⡣

ʵͻȻתྸ  ·ʲô쳣

ྸ  ֱͿ˧״޵۹Ҳ֮Ϳ˧µ׻ؾнﲢ쳣ϾĪ˧˵ɡ

Ī ӵ  Ͼ֮ٺĺж  ݾݾһֱս½ʿũæеĲ״

ʱʵžһվ  һ쳣ΪҴʶ˵ıĿĵʲô

ʵ۷ŭһͻԶɫƺ뵽ʲô  ˡֱӵҲ˭˧ӡɽʿǵĲ¼ɺؿıô޴ȴȻðдɱ֮ôҲǱͼͼĲ˧λҲǳԹĻôֻһܾа˴ǰʱӦͬС

⻰ڳ˶׷ɫĪ٣֮һĹâһ˲š

ྸʵһʱѾ⵽˻ʵ͸¶ʲôԶٳȴ⹭ྸֻǾﵫɫȴҲ

ʵ۴  ּ˧ӡеҹݵҹΪʹΪʹΪִ²󼴿  ҷҥ֮նȫǰЧȴʶǰɡ

˵ʵ۳˵  ϶ȥҲ顱

ּӦ֮˳鷿ֻǼ˳źʵͻȻֵ  ʵʶл˵

ǶϺĪ

Ī صкɫ

߻ſʱׯѵĪ׼    ȥ

׼ȥġĪص

ȥϵүүϽүүҲȥĪ ˵ͼػ˾Ӵ¥

Īүүɫ  ·Ҳҵ  ϼҽĪʷϸȥ

Ī٣صӴСԺڸĵطͼвõʮּǰֻһǻԭͼһλϢ籦ʵߴʱڷµһƺ

Ī٣˰Һ˫۱һžͷҲرʵ  һҺ¡

Ī ߽˰Һɫؿ  Ҫйؽϡ

ŶʱĪתͼͷһһΪĿİ̺һֱӰۿʹԵдĪ ɫȻ  ˵ʲô¡

һɽԶѾġ

Լýʱ۵ϷŮлԼôġĪԵúܵȻ

Ī ͽʱճ֮ϻнϸĪһ顣

Īųһ  ȷ  ԶıҲȷŹֵ¶Ҫ֤ûŪʵǰǲҪ²ûҵĹϵ

  Ī Īһִϵ  ʲô뷨Ҫ˵ġ

ԼһҵʱĪʷҴææźͼͷðд㿪żɽص  һ罭Զ϶Ȼ⡱˵ĪʷڻóһѾ𿪿ŵݸĪ

Īӹչ˿ɫ΢΢һ¶ŭ

϶ȻұҸ֮ʲô

Īʷ  ϴһ´СڵԹҾͻ⽭Զƽʱһڳ֮⽭Զֶܻ϶϶ڳǳĬν밲һȻûȷʵйŹ֡

Ī ˼Ƭ̵  ջҲʼԴд̴ӵıԱйء˵Ī,ͽ鷿һ顣

Īü˵  ͼı֮ԽԶΪòֵпܵɱԵ޴ⲻǽԶ·¶ʮСĽô᷸ĵͼ

һĪʷĪ ˳˼֮ϸȷʵ̫ǾýʱԶȷʵӦòִ᷸ĳɺҪýʱԶڹֻǻʵѾʱԶ˲¼ɲǲҪҪ俪ĪϱҪСǡ

Ī  ֮ҲҪ̫ҲҪⶼСҪøȥŲõŵϽʱԶ¯Ļ  

˵Īһ  ʡҲҪΪһҵźϲڱ֮˿ڳʲôֻҪŲҵҵʵٴ׳֮ŹıӻҲҵŵ֮

ĪʷĪ ȴ  ǽԶǲд̵ı˭

ĪʷĪ Щɺϵʱзɺ϶䵽һҵͷѾɺ˶Ǹõù

 һ ڹ

ԵЩ΢죬ǸϵرƽЩƽǣҲƺܵһ˿ĽȸС

Ļ̥֮ˣ Ȼ-˼ԲߣĻ̹֮ˣȻ²ѣʲôȻʲôѡ

򸮵Ҿϴ ǵһǳ֮ʱмѹ񾭹һѾȻһ¡

     

ϣȭ䣬һǿȵľ硸ǿҵĺХ֮

ٿȻ䡭

дŨܵĺʱһȭЩԱһˮ

Ѹٱȭ⣬ը죬֮ͻȻ䷢һɷ·𵼻Ҫȼյͷһġͣ졣



Ȼ䣬ֻӴһһڶ⣬ ͷƤĤ֮Ӳı׾ųԼĳǿǺ֮⡣

ǹɾȱı֮󣬴ʱӴһȭľ֮УΧĿͺڱȼպ˲䱻һͻļȱ֣֮˲óһ⺮

ͺһźĺ֮Уһɱѹǿıһ㣬ʱͻȻ䷢һ˺Ѱ죬ǿţƺսһйй·ﵽһּޡ

ʱٴδһꡮи߽׵ĺǣʽеĶʮĸ仯֮󣬾Ҳо޷ٿ֮뱬׾໥ӺּΪǿҵѹȸʹҵĿһ龫ʯȭڼһʱȻͷųǹɴﵽµĿ񱩾

䣡 䣡

һ̴죬ͼǾʯͺڱ϶Ϻݲйһ-ټϿܲˮʹ㱻˲串һ̹ǵľ

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Ѿܹɹؽڵǹ֮ˣܹ뱬׾ϣһָǿȻûͻ߼ʦڲͬ˵ƾ¶еǿҲֵ֮ܽˡ

ţβ˻ָ Σ

뵽ٴ˹ڵĵһ޵ȫתǹɾ֮޵֮кٴá\&ǹγѭ֮ʼԼұ֮ϻۣͨѭѹȣֱ֮һֱָָͨߡ

ǹָ֮⣬Ѿ׼һʯ׼ͷų֮˻ָʱʷͻȻ˽үү

ʷôһϣͻȻжϣ伤һָֻһΣεѾǿʯ֮ϣʯȴûбֳκЧ

ӿһۣҡҡͷûתʲô£

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ʷڼ޷Ƶ үСͻʦˣͻ ˡ

ţҲοЦݣ ĴǣͿ侭ȷʵǡôȻͻˣҾʹ㡮ֶ͹ǹ\& ɣ

ү⡭ʷҪǹȻн̣ǵģ˵үСūʦĻ

㲻Ҫκιǣû˸˵ʲôлһˣһū 

ʷһ⻰ʱͻȻסˣӣۿ֮Ѿˮ촽䶯˰죬ˮ֮󣬡ͨ\& һصعžͿ˵ϣҲû̧ү 

ѵ˵ʲô ӿʷϥ¹Щŭ֮ɫ

ʷͷڵϣɺ̧ӻǿ ϵἣֻǵɣ²Ϊ

ǣʷվֱ

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˵ţӾͽְǹʷ¸˼飬ƽʱʷһֱڿĿȾԺܿ μ

ʷȥ֮˲ת׼˻ָ

Ǹ֮ǰϰ˻ָʯȻѣʯϾȻҲ͸һĶ׺󣬾סˡ

ôǿЧĻЧһԪϢ

ѹ֮ǱǴд͸õʯϵĶף漴Ӿ˳˼ƺ֮䣬ҵ˻ָӦõľϡ

ǽɸ

֮УԶЩһֱüͷָô˼ţɣɼ

ڽԶĲߣҲȻԵúܵȻƽü֮Ҳһɽʴ֣ƺٵһش󣬵޷⡣

ãԶ̧ͷ룬Ϸһֱ벻ͨǴɱı׻˭ϷҳıϴˢףѾ ˲¼ɣĪҲʼ²ԲҽΣӣ

үүڲϴˢ׵⣬ߣ⣬ǻʵѾմɱ֮ϵ԰ˣͻأرƼϴɱ֮£ȻҪ˻ɣ֪үүڳ֮ϣû¶ʲô

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˼һᣬƺ뵽ʲôͻȻ̾˿үү򲻸ڳ֮ϱֵù侲Ҳ򲻸˵ٹͬǵĻѽһûʵۺĪ϶ǲ˲ɣ

⣬ô᣿Զ룬Ҳɵһͻƽһ侲֮ˣȻ벻ͨ

үүʱ˵˼Ȼݲͬʱƶ仯ģ糣һĻ˵˳ӦʱƣвͬѰĻȻע⣬Ӷɣ£ҪǴò׵ĻǾҪΪдıڹ 

 һ ˻ָ

Զݵؿ ǰ ǻ˼˵ӣˡL Ϊ Զ飬ЩȴӲ 뵽

ʱüϷ֮۵˽⣬ȻϷڳ֮ϱֹ侲ˣҲ뵽˴뵽֮£᲻ڱԻʵ˵ʲô

֮һ⣬үүʵۿ˽»ʲôòɵˣ

Զ˼죬˻ʵŵڸ󳼣֪ģʵ˽»ĲɵˣӦԻϾȼйǸͿС ţȻһɫޱصһ˵ǻۣˣ½Ƕҽв

˵ţɫһ䣺лᣬ뾡֮

ԶϴԴϣҿʵ࿴Ϸϸ۲֮ʱҲôйɲͬѰ˺ӽ˽ ע⵽ջټ֮ʱ֮ӣԶ޵Сӻһ𣬲˵Цϻʵ۶̬ȣҲ˵СйЩɣǻɵȥӽһƬټСӵǻۣҪӪҲ޿ܣⷽ棬㲻

һĨɱ⣬ˣǴ˾͸ 

ҪԸСӣ⾩ǣº ԶŽ˵

ҪԶ֣үүǻڵŵѹ£ѾͶ·ˣ°ܣѾĪϲɡβˮͿСӣŵɱǸ 

кߣԶɫһ

ʮ֮󣬺ͱ뵽ϾΣھǵʱ䲻ˣүүھǣҪСĽУȻʵߣǣǲû޴Ĵɱ֮£Ҳδҽ֣֮û֤ݣҲ޷κǣүүֻСķŵŲ飬ǰ磬вɳκβүүʲô¶ҪΪã躹ޣ۱仯Ͼ֮аԻүү 

˵꣬븽ڽԶĶСүүҪԸͿСӣ㡭



Ѿ˻ָ飬ʹã˻ָҪԶǰĽ֮ɵ˺Ҫ

ڡԪϣͨΪΣβ⣬\& ּ֮ϣ֮ɱɴϢһּΣȴεȭ⣬ȭٴ¶⣬˻ָҪͨˡ

ÿһָָ һ\&ĸо֮һʯĸֶһѱĵٶǹǴŹ켣ӵ

Ȼ֮Ҫԭ࣬˺ǿˣӹѲ⣬ӾúܻģֻҪǾһСѭⲿĺܿܲڹؼʱ̣˻ָ˵ʤɱﵵĻֻ𵽳䲻ףɱεЧ

һָһǶ˻ֱָӵڹͣ ڻ᲻ͣǿʳ磬ȫԺԲˡ

һʱңӾͽ˻ָ죬ѾܹӦˡ

ʱʷֽүͿҪ㣬ҵȺ򣡡

ãҾȥ Ӧһߵë˰Ѻʰһ߼ϵͳ

ңͿվУ˾һűֱֹʱ򣬺׸һڵĴ

Ϳ߿ӽӻóһŷ⽻ӡ

ӹţʹõķʽдģȻЩط̫ͨ˳˼ӻܹġ

ᵽݣҪ׻֯ɱӪ֡û뵽½̵ĽչٶȾȻô죬Ѿ˶ʮˣԼЩȻЩصǺϵذ͵׻֯

ţȴҲоѹ½ѾɱӪɹת֧תķãԼ뾡취ﺮ鱨ӪĿǰȻѧϰѵУһʼתҪ֧ķã

취ѩԽãȡǵֲ֧ǡ

룬Ӿߣʣ˼˻ᣬдһⲢţ Ϳ֪񽻴ĬĬվһߵȺ

ԼһҹӰдð󣬽Ϳߵţеʢѩ¥һλ۾ܹܼɣ˵ʮ 

ǣͿ߽ӹţתͳ š

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ʱ˹ үүһ磬ҪȥߴӪˣϷ˰ϯҪȥ 

ô΢΢죬ŶҲû죬ϾͿҪ붬ˣӦǿȥεġ

̫̫ԺʱͼԺѾǶæŴϯ

ӽ֮Уһ۾Ϳ˷ԱϵһӣǺӿʵһ߶ԼһߣʱѾ򿪣ң֮Уڷһ۰ʵĿףһյͷżƲϵĺӧ

ӽݣŴȰЦݾ˹ĸ첲ӶϷ7j 

磬֮󣬾ͼϯһӾȣ̫̫ףͿ̫̫ߣ ˣ΢Цͷ

ھ˵ˣҲʸϯģ̫̫ߺ󣬾

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ǵ˭ҵĹͿӵѵ䲻ϣ̫̫ȴЩõص

ӼͿЩǣǾ͵  ŮӣܵĴŮȸڳ֮ϹͿҵͬҪףȷʵЩѶȣ

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̫̫ǴҪǿȢô̫̫ǹŵӣ룬λ̫̫ʱҲλü֮Ů

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ⱾһĻԹ鳤Ů˼ɵ棬˸룬ǷĴҹ㶼ľ

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֮ڻӰʱŻоʹֻʱвŻôһ˿οԼ

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ÿ˴ѩҲɵһʹɯųģҲĽ̵³Ӷʦ縸ྸеģֻǾη

үǰǴһصӣֻǰǲŻſ黳Ƥһĺӡ

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Ųһ͸ͿĳιϣװļҲѾװ֣´ѾǰͿʰúͿȥ̫̫˰Ǳֵ̫̫֮ʰǱŵӵС

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ƱԼˣӳͤӣԼС˹˸ǣ˲䣬ҲûͱߴӹܵߣƱ档

˼䣬һӵע⣬̧ͷĿȥͼԶһˣӭͤķʻ

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 һ ͷ

ƷͷֱΪһλͻС Ҫ¿ҪϾԣʹݲˣһûҵǸСͷǷƾ޷

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ΪСٴνƻֽһֱ

һĻʱӱͷһʦѹоεĴľ΢΢ҡ

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㲻￴ţҾͻỹ֣

СӣҲ￴֪ûл֡

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ͷòУۼȻǸȻԵõ̬ڣСӣٲ֣ϷҪԶˣ

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ͷŴСӣ´βҪϷ׽㣬Ϸˡ

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ôڻظ·ϣֱĥֱֽû¶ʵͷڱθڣǿҺģһٴ

ͷͯƢԣһĳĳ˲ǿҵĺ֮󣬾ͻţǼ⣬ͷţҪŪӣܽ˩ס

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Ʊٶȷǳ죬˼֮䣬Ѿ˳ǣص˶ڵϡ

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ү    ϵĻӻҲ˵׷

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ҲûзκνЩôҿʽ൱ţһйŹ֡

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һȣѰǻɡŵţ˼ƶʱһȴԵЩưصͿү㲻үӣ㸮ϵ˴ǣҪ    

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ҴʹЩƵĶҰˡתһԾԾԵĻǵ

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⻰ϵǸɫǺ죬ֱͦ˼ˣɤŴǣ

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лүӻ䣬ǰＤɫǺǱ㻩һ񣬸ȭͷţƺĳ־ġ

ˣɣսҪɱõڱ򸮣ֻҪŬϰԼʵҲһܵõԼԼԼļ˹ʪǾóǵ©*㣬óǵĺˮһʵ룡

ǣһȺǱĶҽУ޲Ͷ֮еǵע£Ӵʷ½˸

ص֮󣬴Ͷ˲ˮߵ˿ڲ֮󣬾ͶʷµȥͿ˻ҵ

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ǲһӣЩǲǹµģͿԪ첻ڣͿҲԶţŲҲڸУǲһĿĵ̽

֪ԼһĹ춯ӵĳ˼̧ͷͼʷͿ˽

үңʲôԸͿһžʡ

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Ϳ˱ȭӦ󣬾ת뿪

Ӽңȥ

һ磬Ϥ˻ָ֮еļʮ仯һȫ졣

Թ׼ʱ˽үλฮĶŹݷã

ǸһԷʱʲô䷹ôһģǴ˼Ҷ

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ſڣͼ֮ԴһƵӣ΢΢Щ죬ǰ벻ãʧԶӭ

֮ʱһӣǿѵĺҵůĸ壬һѱؾʧȵرӵĸ첲ߵ֣ҪҰ

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ΪڰʧܣѵĪϲҲ    ȥǰ·ϣӿ֮а̾ǶԶ޵ǸؽҲǻۺֶε ˻ĸ׶ҲǸؽжȵˣôһûϢӡ

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˭˭һʵ㵽װ˭ˣ

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ֻ֮һ˶ǳԱֿ֮ʼص֪Сүȥ棬Сүȥ¥ңҾȥ˴¥ͷƸ

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֮ɫйСݵ˵ǰ˰ܶľνǧｭˮƾƲ

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Ŷ˶֮һ˵

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诵Ŷ֪ʲô

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֮ţҲǺӦõģǾ͵ͷӦλܼȡһλ֮󣬾Ŵͬ򸮶ȥ



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˰ͷ̧ͷʦúݺݵӼۣҲȥˣֻʣ¿Ӷʱ¿ͻȻЩŤصֵܣ㸮Ͽλλ֪Σ½  æ ½ڸ֧࣬ߡ֧Ķ

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ʷ¿ӵЦݣ֪СıҪʱͷˣЦЦСȥˡ

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ӳ¿ʱæһðǰ߶ֵܣͻ֮£

ͷһۡͷɫƣԼĿƺ׶ӣԼʲôֻԽϵɫԽ̡

ûͷӱȭصֺαôҲͶԵѵֲӱɸªϴݹ٣

˵ţӸܵǹɱ޵ĿԱߵʦһۣҪֵ¿һۺҧŴŵĿ⣬ȴһϹǧˡ

Ѿ˲֮ϣֽôп̽Сܣ

¿࣬׼غݣҲݷһֵܣ˳еģ

ŶȻСܾбҪΪְһΪ½硣ֲӣβƼСܲݣС׼ЩþơǺģΣӵ

ϲ濴һνҪĿľоһСӣ֪Сӵѣ˲ɣ

ʦƺҪܾ¿ȴȭǹ߶£ֵˣ

룡һ˳Ѿߵ㣬ȥһ£¡Ȼȥ̫̫ͷ˵һͲǳԷˣ

Ѿ߸˸ȥˣ¿ڸй档

¿ʵҲ˼ģڸйʱܻ᲻ʱڸ᷿ϼۣѰһ

⵽ҲûеֻǰһЦתʱȴʦ纮һĿ⣬ȻתͷȴײͷǴоĿ⣬ľùŹ֣ӡ

ڸйԼһҵĹߵֻͤͤ׼˼Сˣһ裬ƣһԡ

ͷҲºץһѻףӽһһһؽţϾ֮ͷͺȡ

ֻߵߣͷͻȻͣŵӱʹţȻ۾ųһɹ֮һͷһƾһһʹͣ죬̲ס޵þۣϣ쵹ϣ

һЦһۣȻͷƣʱҲһƣǰϣӶ𱭵֣ϴֲ赭ΨƻÿһƷ룡

¿ͷȾƺȵĹ񫣬Ǿ㣬Щ⶯һ˵ͶƱʾ⣬ȻƷƷҲǰһűһζ£ȻǺþưֵܣ֪˾ʲôƣ

þƺЦּЦˣ˾ΪͷСԼĶƵģ

ͷһ⻰Щ˳ɴ۾ҿӰ죺Сӣ뻣Ϸ򲻳ɣƣΪϷȵ尲ƵһЩിζ

ǰɷȳʲôͬЦһ䡣

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㵹þƣͷæƷƷ尲ƴͬ˾ƸŨ㴼ȽǻĸоǾˬ죬ƺں֮һǻ尲ƵľƵġ

˾ȷʵ尲ƳģӵͷͷһǣƣûϷƷģ

һŶһ־ƣ֪ǰܷƷó

ͷӵƷҪϷƷˣСӵøϷΪο͸ܣ

ЦҪǰƷأ

ͷһ͵۾ص˵ûϷƷľƣϷҪƷֱͣͣƷΪֹþ

ȴҡͷܵиʱްɡҪһƷѵƷһ£һ

ͷһ⻰ûðɣָӵıӵСӣϷϷƷ˾͡㴦ã˰ɣ

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¿ɾ㣬Ҳɵñˣֻ㣬˶ѾҪˣԱߵʦȴ豭˿ڲ裬۾̳ƣ·ֳС

ͷ˺ܾãȫˣδҲƷˣ

ʷʱ˸ֻһŵϷ춯֮ͷŻع񣬾Ȳذȥߺ죬죬Ϸϡʲôôһ㣬򷢽лӰһ롱

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ʷ¿һۣӵͷʷָͷһ롣

һȥ֮󣬾ͼͷɫѾ죬ЩʤҪȣȴʱֹǰƷƣ

̫úˣ̫ˬˣ̫ˣƷͷûӵĻһ㣬һֱš۰Ͱ͵̳漴뵽ʲô΢΢ѹСӣղ˵ʲô

ǰֻ˺ˡûƷ˾ưɣ۾Ц

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ֱֺȥûƷŵͷѾЩᣬվȣٴʱͷû˵ֲ䣬һ֮¡ӿͨ͡һڵϲ˯

Цš룬ͷʮȣȥʦΪһ񱻹ſ¡

˰ͷ̧ͷʦúݺݵӼۣҲȥˣֻʣ¿Ӷʱ¿ͻȻЩŤصֵܣ㸮Ͽλλ֪Σ½  æ ½ڸ֧࣬ߡ֧Ķ

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Ӷ¿ı顰оͬʱдЩʲôֻ޷ȷ

֣⸮ϵĹкܶ࣬Ա߲վСô֪˵һλЦ˵š

⻰¿Щ̣֪ڣԥ˰졣˵ֵܿɷˡ

㡢㣬°ɣ

ʱЦ  ¿ž࣬Ǳ㽫ʱһĻ龰Լ˼ĺ룬ѰҲٵλһ飬Ѱʱпһλ

֮һȴӲЦʵЩ̲סǳʱɫȴҲڳ¿󣬵ֵܼЦˣ

һ˵ӷûЦ⣬¿֡ǷλŮһˣ

¿룬Ҳ̹ףʵҲ㲻һ飬ֻλŮӸҵӡΪ̣ر𣬺ټһ桱ףֵ۾ƣһѵֵܵã¿ͻȻӣЩȡ

ʱͻȻ࣬¿֣ЩΪѣҲƭ㣬˵ֵģ

¿һҲѵãѵѾ˵ʱ¿˵ȥˣµõϢجġ

ӵ¿ջʵ˵֣ǴݣǸʱȥһ֬ˮ۵꣬ǾҲûмҵӰʵǸŮӣСװģȴû뵽ôţԭ£

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ʱ¿ͷźֳϣǱһˮġ

־Щ֣벻飬ŪôһִõԨӵԨֱʵĸܣһʱ޷һƮ죬ڵŮôã

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ʱͻȻʣ֣ʵѾ֪ô㣬֪ʦöôһֱΪʲôпôһλŮӴڵĻʦãֻ

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ͬʱͷУ

ͷ˯Ĵͷͣµţүүѵûа취ҵȥ⺮ŮķҸô족

ʱͷͻȻԴų죬ȴһƬضүүа취ˣ

үү㲻ţ־ϲͷĸ첲ҵ˾һʲô취

ǾȻҺҵĵزֻСһ̸Ļᣡ

ͷأɫЩΪѵصҷ֣СƳľƣȻ޷һݣԻڵĺ֮ϢӦЩЧүү㳣ҾƣΪܻ̣үԼȢһƹһϱʹԺһ𣬵ҲŮĿܡ

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ǣҺ޲ɱɶļһȻҲȷǲǣһֱʦ˵Ůһ˫һ۾Ǹһ˫۾žʲô

ͷضʵ࿡չҪ֪ģܵóۣЩҪҪүүЩ߱£ʲôݡԹˣʼûҵԴСԺ󣬷쳣үүֱܽѺŮŵǸˣ

ЩߵصѵҪҼ޸Ǹһﲻɣˣ

ɵӡ˵ʲô  ˣ㣬ҲҪ޸˵ͷһԥֻǳԵĻҪ

⻰ظо巢ëҲŲҪΣҲŲҪҵ壬ǿһ۶У

㲻ԸүүΣô뿡Զûлᡣһֱ㵱ãҲ˺㣬κãļô֪أ

ضʱһǿҧŴ

ֽӣүү̿ÿһʱ䶼ҪǺʹ࣬ÿһηҪϼүүҶȥл͸ΰաϲүүҲϣһ𣬵Ҫ̵һʱѣýҸҲֵõİ

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ӵ˱裬Ʒš¿ȴһֱ֪ͣʲ

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ʱͷʦó˹תͷһһھû˳ͷô;ˣ

ûзӳʱͼǰһҧǰðԲ𣡡

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뵽Ǻ֮ϴȻˣӵǰ˼Ҹλʦȥ֮Ϣ

ͷаԲ죬֪ڣ벻ͱ˼ͷϷԾͻֻҪȥضڵĺ֮Ϣͷˣ

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ȴͻȻһЦȻǰ˳ϿҰλʦȥڵ֮ϢӦǣ

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үүȦתᴽҪҧˡ

ǰڱһ깩ӵ֪Σ½ ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķʦϵĸ֡ߴ£һЩϹ⣬ģҲôʮ

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¿ʱսϳҸ֮ڲܵʦòһͬϷֽӵȰ£Ҳֻö·

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ڼͻȻôһλʦĹ̫̫Ҳרһ£ܵҲ𾴡

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һ󣬾ǵ¶ȵ轵ҲԤʾڽҪȥ

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סĴ඼ǰ˼ңҲûзĽǰۡլǰΰͳһʽСݡ

񻧽ȽܼԵñȽ壬ɫæΪżҲֺ֮˻ڽֵεһʲôĻɫ

Ѿǰʱ֣ɫռҵ̴һҲԵЩ谵ֲָİռҶƵġ

һЩ֮жһҲעЩʲôˡ

ڽԵЩĽŲǶŴصúʵвҳЩߣҲſԺǽϽ΢ĹԶԶƺﾭʲô·İѾϰΪ

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һӰһ֮джǵٶȺܿ죬ǹιһһ㣬һš

Ĺ򣬾ͼĺӰƬһռؽϴһլԺ䣬ֻɵèһϢԺڣһȽελãڲ

һӰͿ壬յϢж٣˵ˣһҹװӡ

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ӵһɱüҵʱǱ֣׷ϵٶȾͳɣ

ǣͿͿӦһͲ

˴Լаʱҡͼ︽ӰһӵȷϢ׿ɲɿ

ϴϢҵһϴһȻƵʱȶˣ͸¶Ŀڷ磬Կɿ

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˵ţ⼸˾լǰ֮̽󣬾Ŷ룬լ˺ȵ˭

Ҫˣ˽ݣһ죬ҲԷֱóЩ˵ʵһ㣬һ˷ܳеϴ󣬵ˣ

˲˵꣬ʱһˣ˽еģѶ£һ

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˵ţϴ˳˽սһҲغϣǽзļһͱһȭɣϴֻһڽЦռϷµֵǣѵ֣սپˣ

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ӶסС͵ͼڻ춷лҴڣ˻͵Ϯһ֮󣬾Ҫ֮زز

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ȻûиӦΧˣӾã˺棬Իлȸ

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˵ţλͺͻأصһϣɱǣ

Ǹ˼ʦʤ˶һЩλҲǸ˼ʦΪ请壬ҪʤǸһ

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һֱȺҲ۲ſڣʱЩ綼Ѿ֮ˣֻʣ⼸ˣڶԷλΧ½ƣƺŵ֣

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ۼ˶ϮͿ־ռƣ޴ķ̣͸ʹпŭ˼£˫ͨ죬Уֻʣ˺˵Ӱӡ

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ҶӣۼǵһۡԶЦһǱ߽һת

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ۼȥҪߣͻȻһƿ֮ һ֧ʱݺݵش͸ĺ

ۼɱԼȫˣֻʣԼһˣڷŭⷢй֮Ҳֻʣ±һҲҪ汳ģ

УѾȥˣڰһλһ֮󣬿Ѫȴץסһλˣжȭ Ͷʹͺ䣬һȭһȭһѪֱǺ˻е£׬һһˡ

үס֣˲ɱ

ʱͻȻһֹӲԶſڴˣһʱֻһƿٴδҲûж㣬ȥǸˣһֱӴ͸˵ĺ

λȻͿͷҲٸ汳ģҲֵˣҲ˱ڻĹʹ

Ȼ֪ɱǵЩˣѾԭЩˣǽĺɷսʿλŭɱˣѶŭĽ룡

ɱ֮׵ĺˣŭѾɺɫһֽɫһɫΪʶһŭ֮ɱˣǴ֮

ҿ֮࣬˳ͶƼƱɣٴһ£ԭкܴ룬˱𴦿ˣߣԴǶӣݻԲϺţ˺ߣȻɾϣһЩףˡԼ֪Σ½ ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧

 һһ 

ⲢˤӵǽԶıӵȴ֪ӷѰĴ

Ѿˣ

ڹܼ㱨֮λڹٳ̩ɽѹ治ɫǿóıֵĺ꼶ʱҲ֮屻ڲ֪£ŭɱ֮׵ıһֻҰɫʧǵ˵ϣʧˣ

ţƺʲôͻȻվ죬뿪ǣԽԽã²κεĸϵҪ죡

ſڣҲһɫңʧǵſڣвͣૣѵƣ֮µǣ赶ɱ˵ôΪʲôҵĲûЧŵΪʲôһֱûжɱ

ʱܼЩʬʱּܻү²ãԽԽˣղŵЩʬ֮УȻˣεĸͷԵԨˣ

ʲô  ˣ  զһ֮Щӱ󣬻иҥͱڵƣ塣仰֮Ҳֲס˿Ѫ֮󣬾ͻ˹ȥ

ʱٸɷսʿһ˴æιһҩ֮һ˱˻£һ˾ͼҴҵķ򼱱ȥ

ǶϺ򸮡ҡ

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ŭ֮İľ죬һɲ֮仯һѷмͼŰʱɫΪǴа̺۵ʹڵӣüΪ¡

϶øĽ϶  ƺΪĪŤʱ񱩵ķŭѾʲôйߵĻ

վһɫͬµĪ١Ǳż侲硣ϴλ͵Ϯǵľݵ㲼ãɱһֲʧأҾͻɽ϶϶Ȼһɱ壬Ȼֻһ΢Сӣɱȴڴŵ

ʱĪʷҲѶһţĪʷ͵磬ҹ˲ˣ󽭸ſַʬ嶼ûüе־ѾѽΧסˣºͼԺѾ˴µĵ飬ԶҪˣ

Īʷûһʱһλ۵Ҳ˻µ飬˴γǱʧıйأй¶ϢʹᱦǴ׷ɱᱦ֮ʱϵĺɷսʿеģ˳ĸѣ˴βᱦȫû

ΪʲôˣˣĪŭ֮һӴʱͻȻ䷢һ

˵϶һè壬屻ɱˣôͰȻˣˣҲ޷ڸʵĪٴ

Ī룬⽭϶ϷЩ£տ϶ᱻʵ۹ʣ̲ҲҪѶ֪Զɽһǵ˽ȥ취ܴ⽭϶ʳھǵĲԼݵ㣬ҲҪ֤ĪлǱɱڣ

ΣϷһҪŴ⾩ǳʧĪݺ˵

ͬʱ¥Ժҡ

ƻҡҷӰӾһ㣬вͣػζţ·֣вͣ߶üͷšһˡ

ǸޱԸзŮˡʱһɫɴ¶һЩ컴⣬벻⣬ȴҲڵͷ

Ǻףã˭й¶˱ϢӶɱ·˼⣬Ůˡ

Ǻҡҡͷ֮屻ɱѣǼ£ڼ½ìܣѾɵˣͬҲõŸӻɽ֮Ĺ¶ǽΪ

ʱҴһλŮӣ֮֮£͢ٸѾԽ˵飬¸ոյõϢྸղԴΧסڽѲʱͽԶץˣ

Ǻţ·һۣ·¿¸鷳ˣһϴλһǣϵĻϿ³޾ˣ

ǺȴͻȻ뵽ʲôɫһ䣬ãǴǣô͢˾⽭Զ̲Σ̲ǳ͢ɵ˿ƣⲻ˵Żᰲ˽ȥһ鱨

˵ţ·ͻȻһȻˣôֻӵöӣɱˣ

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ϴ˿̵ռΪءʱȺҲʲôڵȺŻʵۼ١

һʵصĲϵȺʵɫ֪½Զǳ׵ˡ

ֳôĶϢٱĴǣҲԼͬ˴̽յЩϢҲ֪ͽſڷشһྸҹ鳭˷

һһǣϣƽʱ˽뽭Զ˽վڽԶĴǣʱжѰ˼Ʋϵ

֮У֣糯Ⱥ֮󣬾ʵۡžһȺһֻʵ۵֮£λ󳼶֪˰ɣ

Ⱥֻܵͷʵ۵Ȼ֪ˣôࣿ

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Ī٣Ҳվ˳飬ӦԶϵ״

ڳĪٴȻҲվ˳侮ʯ׷ײпʼѰ˼ƽĪ뽭˺εȵţĪȴƲϵɵãһЩǿĪ١ǿϷһ㣬ɫ֮дżϷ

Īʷôçײ⵽ȺĿ⣬һȣ͵ʶλ֫ͷԼ򵥵ֵܡ

ʵۼǸ飬˽Զϵʡ

һͼųͽԶλ˴ȺԶɫңήңһӣͷƺһҹ֮û࣬Ҳ԰ࡣ

Զ֮£кλ˵ʱʵһʵ

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˼˵һ£ݺˣʵЦһȻתͷྸʵܣ˵˵ѲĽ

ྸк󣬵΢ű뽭˸ϵ׼׽׷ֻѲУ΢ֱڽһҷһѰͳ ƣڽĺ԰һ£ǰԺңһҵĴ£˱صķ飬ЩĥأϣװȴȻʹãЩûмڳƷݵķΧ֮ڡĥһǲ̵ģ



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ʵʱʵô˵㸮ϵЩǴӺζȻڲֿû̵㣬Ϊɣִ£ҲͬȨãΪʲô𴦶ûз֣ƫƫ㸮ϷЩ֤ɽ⻹ݺ˵˭㽭ܵķ½ߣ

ôһ˵ԶʱȻʲô

⼸ղϵƣţʹϵ˸ƣȻɾӣҲ˶һӵŭ޴й˵ɱøϵĺɷսʿΪɧ֮ˣȻʢŭ֮·ɱɱ˴壬ôǾ㳹׵ıĺڹ

ңǸϵɱ֮ʣڵ˾ƣиֿյôǱ븮İЩȻҲע⣬ټԼŻ᲻ɱڣĪϵ˻᲻ʻ鱨

뵽Զɫһα˭ݺҽϣʲô˻᲼˿£ҽٲ֣

ʵۼԶٴһŭԶٸһλᡱ

ͻȻѹԶϣɱǱǽ֮䷢һﳼ֪ΪλᱻǰЩӣﳼҹ侭ܵ¼ɧţʹϵϢãƣȴ鲻ԭ򣬵һЩˣϻŭ֮ˣͷ˼ɱﳼΪһ˲֣ڸϵĻ˴ʱ˸зиǱģȫҪݺﳼİﳼԩİ顱

Զ˵֮󣬴ϵȺʱ׷׻Ȼ

пʼˣ˲ݺĻЩҲδ̫ˣ˾Ĳ߻ɺϵİţۡһ޽ְ

뵽һЩйˣɶͷϵ亹ֱðһĲݺôӦԣ

ʵ۴ʱͻȻ󳼣˶Դ»ʲô

ʱϲԶɽеϣ֮£ȷΣдʵҹһ£֤ɽȷɣԶ޿ˡ϶ᡱ

ʵ۵ˣȥԶִ£ְ֮Ϊ񣬲鳭ۡһ飬ԶΣܿѺ˰ʵо

Сʱ֣ڸϺ԰һʷС˻һŽ

Ӳ˿ȴҡͷֻǶȥְңôۻʺǰҲǴ˰ҷѾĻŲôһ֣벻޷ýһأϧ

Żٵ֮תͿ˻ûУ

үͿѾˣҵȺ򡱡

ӵͷͿ첽ңͼͿ˾ߵȺ

ֱ֮Ӿʣɲ鵽ǽˣ

Ϳ˵үǽߵķϣԶԶһƬֺ󣬾ʧȥǵӰû׷

ȻˣǾˣ鱨Ӫر˾ǣڽڳѾ̨ˣʣµ飬ͽǺ½ȥظˣ

⻰ͿͰлȫ

Ϳ뿪֮ʱߵǰӳõǸȡֻԼŴ糤ߣҲͦ£иǼû˿ķ϶һֽܷ忴Ǻܹصӣǲ֪װĵʲôôᡣ

Сĵؽֽҿͼ϶ȻǦᣬóذףǴỮ˿ͻؽҿǺӵĸӡ ǸӵʱͻȻŵ˵㣬Ƭ̵֮֮ˬѡ

Ѿһ룬Ծͽȫ򿪣ͼǺһŸʪϵȽɴ֮У·һĴͷԲɢŵɫĹ

Բ֮Ҳ˿벻ȻһöޱġֲûЩʦֵᣬȴֳ

Ҳڵͼһֻûоľ֮ˣһµʦĸЧǼģʦУֵУҲֻǸһЧҩˡ

ϵĸ֣Щмѵõ޽𵤣ͨ޽𵤸ǽʦĻҲࡣ

ƣʦϾĴ֣ҲͲ̫ϡˣǸ߼޵ġǡǿͻʥĳƷ½ǼΪ󣬷ҲеһǵĴżҴ䷢һĵˡ

᲻Ըͻ߼ʦأӽǿϸһĲٴѩ˵Щ̸֮ǰڿҩ︨ʵȻչӿˣǺھϼˣ֮·ϣÿһϣҪȥƲ

뵽ȻŽ˺½ӵķ϶ãŽ֮еһǴͻʱҪؿãе˷ѡ

ңСԺͼͷææԺѾ˲ٵҩˣͷǹġ

ӽͷʹʣСӣҪҩѾȫˣʲôʱʼ

ӿ˿ͷڻʽʼҵŮĲ֢״Щҩȫɹ֮ռŮÿ¶͵ʱ壬Ȼ

Ȼͷ񣬺Ȼжˣߴʵ

Ӹɿ˼ǰŮб˵Ůдʮ֮Ҫ۲֢״仯ʩʱǲܴ·ģȿ

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ҲУʱǰԶֲǣӦһֵĿǰҪһЩ룬֪ǰûʲô취Ū

룿ͷšüͷ룬̫͢ҽԺУ㲻زģϷԻ취Ūǣ

ֽһ֮󣬾ͳСԺ

ͷΪŮôģ¶Ҫ±عףȻҲֵУֻ轻һɡ

ȥһŴʱʷһ·СܻүиԳʢѩ¥ܹܵ۾һţʲôҲû˵뿪ˣ

֪˭ӹͽŲ𿪣ֻһ˱ǶͼֽдһоС֣򣬲ᣬҪ̣ѩ

ֽʷ£ӵҪһˣʲҪϢͿ˵ң

˵꣬ӾʹһڣƱһĽʹӺ԰˳ӳţʻ롣

ֻʻĽͷûжԶͻȻ;¶һ˿Цų˸٣

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׷Ϊ֮һҲҰԣʮ㣬ͨ׷ѷǷɱˡ

ҰĿ·ϣƱɱ֮ʣ׷һٶȣȻ˾Ѫڡ

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Ӱܿͱһģɱĺڵ㣬ʧ·ͷ

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ģϵ׷ٶȾǿ죬ȻС˦ˣ磬ҪҪ׷ϵһλӵĴͺһƵʡ

һλһЩĺһ·ͷ׷ˣЪϢᣬͻȥӦһ² 

˵ţ˵·ͺͳһƺ«͹һڣ˿磬Ҿ벻ͨүǲǳԱ˳ŵģΪʲôҪǸǱ򸮵Сӣѵү  ʮ һ һr ݺһ֮ɫүõܣ϶òҪܹߣӿڳҪͶ·ôͶô̥㿴ǹܼұ򸮰һٴȥүû˷ܵõǹܼʹһ٣Ǿһ̬Բ׼ֵҲҪŶ  

⻰ͺӲһϴʵڲǾͶ°ɣȻǱ̬үĴĲСһǱ̬үǿиˣСĻˡ

ֵܸ ǻҪǵүѾǺܶ ˣϵֵһֱЦΪ°ǣʵڲй˶Ǯֵܻǻض ϼҴƴɣ⾩ˮ̫ܻÿ 

ϴ󣬻ϼҵĻͲ¹ٸ׷ɱǺòײӳ˸㲻Ĳ ЩԸص

ݺ̾˿ƶ࣬һλָ㣬ѧһ죬벻֮أøһʽСӵҪŻ᲻裬ѵֵܽûгͷصһô

ͺͻȻϴԱɸһ֪꣬ôܺͳ£ǰЩܽǱ򸮵꣬˵ܵõʶ

ݺһƺЩ⶯룬ȴҡͷ£վǱ벻ܵģ˿ֵֻʶ˲˰۵Ļ⾩ǿ϶ǻ첻ȥ 

Ǹôһ̬үʲôʹ죬ֵܱûŰͺӰԹصͺһֹ

˦ٵĺ֮Ʊٶȼ죬ҲֻǲһĹ򣬾

뾩ֻأΧƽ̹ڹٵıλϣΪ뾩촸·ʱɫƾŹرպ󣬶ͶϢ

ˣ¥ջݵʹķ˿ѷɫڸݵصһС

ӷٶȣϣҲһλñȽۿ·ߵĲݣҲûפ㣬ֱӴǲݾȥ ֻ֣뾩أѩôд

һֱߵ񻧾ۼסĵطһλòǺܺõļ񻧽﷢ һģСĲݣſڹŸССӣдӵС֣һ衣

ݵȽ壬ݺ󣬾ͼ￿λþֻһλˣԼʮ꣬ŲñݿüޣżԼأڲ˺Ĵڡ

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˵ţŮСȥ˺ңһ򣬾ͼһɫĴͭ ϵĲ豭תȻͭǼϸ죬һβ©ؾͽ豭 ˰˷

ò裡ŮʱӼţǵĲŨˣѿһ

赹ãˮɫ嵭һɢ棬ǾͶС \\{һڣٴ޵ȻǺò裬ˮ¶ˮţһȻӦɽȪˮ

˵ţӾúϻͶ˼ڣһ費ͺȹˡ

СãһӾδ̨ߵ Сõ

˭֪Сȴ˵ӣǲΪһ衱˼˵һֻһ裬㻹ȣɣ

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ȷʵٺһ˼ҲˣҲգǰѩǰлЩɻѩΪʲôԼ

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ʱ ˣŴ綼ƽյķΣ һ˻һ̳ơ

˽˲֮󣬸һۣȻԱ£һλͦ׳ӺС裡˵ţһλһЩľͽ̳ƷϣϰѲ豭£˹׼ 

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ƲֻһǸ缸ûطռȾҲôţһǮ˰ɣ裡һλ󺺴صƺλСﵹ

УǲУҪǸҵĲ豭Ƶػߺ Сﲢ£Դвضż˵һ˳ ۣ

ۼѩѾɣͻأļҲܹŹ֣ҲûбҪȥСãˣ

ʮģСûض˵һ

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˵ţСС̨ܵһͭǮʮĳȥ󣬾ͽʣȫϣһۣˣһĶ٣ 

ǴͭߣӿЦһLڴš

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д󺧣ǹƿ绮ʱӦ弲ٲֻݣһһ ֧ձ߻Űϣ졣

޽ǵһͷ˳ǽ΢磬Ʈ

 һ Сɱһ ӥϮ

̫ͻȻҲʮ𾪡      

ڲݵеʱҲӦܣûʲô쳣

ǵ̤ݵĴţǹѸ׼ȷؽټǾƹݼӳֹĽŲ΢΢ͣ٣ôյֻɱİͼпܻڵһʱҪ

˭µһǡ䴦Ĭ޷ɱ֣

ҪķӦΣӦʹܵĶټİӵ죬ʹһǱɱſˡ

ǰ͵Ϯͷӿһɷŭɱ⣡

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ʱеˣͬʱ˲ݣɱ󣬾Χ˶

ɱ֮ȫųľڵһʱ͸оǵΪ

Ȼһɫ߼ʦֻвһˣλ˼ʦ

˳Χ£֮ƶҲţѸٽղҵͭǮ˳˺ڶʱͺݺݵ˦˳ȥ

ݣݣ

ٶͭǮ˵ΧһæͼöͭǮȥǶڲݵǽϣҲ˱УͭǮǶУҲܴһЩ˺

ɱͭǮ˵˱ŭһҲûϵСˣųصĻƶ

Ͼ߼ʦѾý͹֣ӲָͶ˦ЩͭǮܸɵ⼸ˣڼ˵ĽŲ֮弲ǰ磬һ׶ԶץһͭǮ˦˳ȥ

ͭǮиģּͶһЩЧġ

Щ˿ͭǮȻ壬۷䶣˻Ҫʹһ£˲̫οǱǴ˦ͭǮУҲò㣬þֵ

˦ͭǮ˶ԷƵĿյӴʱڵĵһеҲȫ֮š

ڶ˵ֵͭǮڻ£Ķ˾һ˳ԵĺҪߵĻᡣ

ŭ֮Уȭǿ೤ľȻһȭҳ

ۼֶ˼йļƣӽ̤ŷ粽裬Ӷ˵ҵһ϶һ࣬һһȭȭı׾ӿ

䣡䣡

һȭཻ֮󣬱׾Ŀ񱩣֮Ǻ˫ϣ籬ըʽڵԷб

λ󺺳һĿ񱩾֮Ǹоȫ䣬ͺϿẮһѵУʹһžȣǼȱһɲǼ䣬Ļ徢ͻȻ䡰һͱһʽľƳ

Ӽһȭλ󺺵Ļ徢ж֪ͣʧݲһλ󺺿ڲȡתȭ



Ǻ֮Ľֱô󺺵Ľʱ޷ۼڵһĸȭϮλͻȻһ޴ɶ㣬һֱӰֵС

һȭٻƿԼؿʱоڵѪҺںȽ֮֯УҪű壬ſпһѪ֮ʣԼ·ѾƮǰһڣʧȥ֪

ͨ

󺺱˻徢һȭˤ֮ʣ  Ȯǡûеӡͨ졣ߴ

֮Уǿ񱩵һϮӻͷλ󺺾ͳ˿յ󺺲һȭۼ޿ɶ㣬һɱȫ龢ٴμǿ˫ȭǴ󺺺һػ

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˵ţͷȴֵСӲûдﵽ죬ҲûĹ벻อĹܾ֮ǿˣϷ򿴣ܻŻصң 

ȴ룬Ǿһ׶δɣһϴ裬อܾ û칦ֻϢȻҪͨǿ࣬컹޷һˣ˻ָ治׻һˣȻҵԷ©͵Ϯһˣ ַռƵҵһ˿յᣬɹߡ

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ɪݻҶ֮УһĨٻӰ裬ǵҶһš

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絫ѩ̾Ѩһ갴סļջһ仰Ҳû˵

ʱߵ԰ӵСʵŮŮս㲵壬ս԰ݣĲʧŮеֱÿľһסʹ䣬ʡɯɯˣͣɣҪʹˣ𣿡

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ྸʱ߹ʮҲ˱˶ᵽ忪ףӭȢ忪ŮʹڸϺ׼һ£

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ĸ֮ý֮Դɲм񶾡ྸȥú׼ɣ±֪忪׵СסЩӣǺúദ

ҲҪȢ˪žܳ԰ӡ

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ƾǵĶŪȱҪһ˴һ¹Žú䡣

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ʯһΣٴ۾ʱķԼûڴϣǱһȽůķ

ת´˻ᡣʱ۾͵ɴھԲסǼªӣҲͨ˼ס˼ҽӴ˲е᷿

òүŪΣȻ

һ뵽ˣʯ´󾪣һ񺮣亹乹ðһͦԼƨɡ

ﻹףûбѹĺۼ֮ʯ˿зһʯҪ߱үˣˡ

ʱ᷿ͻȻ˴򿪣۱ĳһλİĮ飬ˡʯһˣĽʱм

Ǹ֣

ѵԼ²ˣһ⣬ʯվʡĳ˭Ūʲô

˵ţͻȻһλƮ첽Ͻʱ۾ɴ󣬾һ죬Ųŵָ  㡱

꣬Ȼӡ

ѵǵˣҿǼǵϴ޵ܶ˸ңȻеСһˡͣͶһ˽ŵϡ

ºƺһһŨľӣʯһǾ㡣ӵǱ۾ˡ

䵱ӻǱ׿ϸϸƷʱɺݺݵظ˼¿ˮ͡

֪ʲôۼֵһ  Ծεľ㣬ʯ̲סˡǵ⼯ʲôơ

ӵ˾˼Ʒ֤ʲкָȵĻֻҪشҼǣ

ʱӶʱеľƲһʯˣֱڵѪ޲ȥϵľʳɾֱǱԼҪܺôһҲԸⰡ

¿ǵôӶ˸Ͼк  ȱַ˸ֵһشһҾȱΣ

ɣӹһ˾ûʲô˵ıˣʯ绢һ˵ǰ̰Ǿеʡһã

ӵ죬˭ǸԾҵġ

ǼǸϵү

룡˸ơʯһȲؾͶƱһº󣬵һɻϱǸǹɸĸѧ  ֻԼھ֮ϣе㣬õ̲סҪзģ˭ȼƷµɽ»𺣣ҲĸԸ

㸮ϵүΪʲôҪǸҡ

ʯǱƺȸɾƱãĽľƳ泹׵ıȫ˳۰ͰǺƵүãǴʢѩ¥ſڼ㣬Ͷ˼һλˣ֪ʲôֻ ܴ渽ֻҪţϣл˻ȥ

֮üͷĽһƬ񺮾ȻһƲˣ뵽ʢѩ¥֮˵ʱͶĿ⣬Ŀ˻ȥ벻ٮ

ᵽʢѩ¥ֵһºʵȻүΪʲôҪȥʢѩ¥ַ³

 һ 

ǰ׵ıʧˡ

ЩѾ¶ˣҲʲô

ҼүǸ̬ϲŰŮˣˣͯÿҵһ¥Ҫȥ䣬ȥ˾ʹǮĿϵŮһЩỤ̊ʱܷĴͣ´ȥ 

˵꣬ûеƵ˼ֲ˾䣺С֪Ҽ үЩ˵ģȥһЩΪ¸ּ¼һ 

ȫûϵƹһ󣬻õôջǸϾƺֵô˵үÿ³б֮ˣ

ʯͷǵķ³УٵҲֻ ʢѩ¥;¥ˣƤ¥ˣˣ

º󣬵֪үˣǿȽһЩģǱȽϹһģ֪Щˣ

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һûаǲ͵ңܳɣҰ궼У¶У춼УɺԻ㰲·Ž뾩ЧңȻҲ㣬 

ʯһfмΪ⶯ϴνʱ뷨ʱһ˵춼ܺȵǼƷƣֱҪʯǵһҴǣүܷͨڼգֵܿ һ

磿ӵ

ʯȵò񫣬δ۾ֱǾƺ˵ҴһĸͬǶǴӶӳǣı˷ݲ£ֻǲϵ Աɸ֪Դˣ˸̬үҴһֱҪһҵһֱûлᣬͶǵһЩɣ˼Ҷ֪ǸүǸ̬ǣҲҵԱɸֵֻûԱɸӣ͵ȹ귢Ǯӻϼң

 ˸⶯Ȼ׳־ѳȥЧңȻʵ뱧 

ʯһѵ㲻ֵܱٵĻ

ӵ˶ģ˭Ըһûǰ;һǸ̬ϰͷأ֪飬ֻҪǿϸ㹻ҳϣĸԸһ𣿡

ʯһںȥ󣬱ȭȻүֵܣǣʶֵܱ֮ԸЧүҵͻȥ˵ 

Ϳλ׳ʿȥǵҪ СģҪ˲ӽиƵʯ˱һҾ͵ֵܵĺϢ 

ʯ ˾ƣͿţϣ˼룬̬ҲڰŸһɫСʱ֣ӻصʱֽѾķȺˡ

Сӣ⼸ָĽ չܲϷϢЧۣٺ٣ͷЦЦ˹׼ӼϢ

ȴƲƲ죬ĵҪÿ춼ʱǾʷŪĴҩƷͿǵϢָܻô죬Ź֣ʤޣͷĸȻãҲ뾡콫ãͶ뵽Уͻ߼ʦؿԽԽˡ

˰ʱͷֹͣϢ룬Ĩ˰Ѷͷϵĺ

̾͵ɣиĴΣС̬ĻָݡӦþȫˣѾضʼڲƵ Щҩ 

ͷȥ֮Ӵ·ҪţʱʷͻȻС˽үСүֻӥ䵽˸Ϻ԰˺ۣϲСѾھ 

ʲôȥӳһʷ˶ԺҽʦڵľӴ

ԺҽʦŵһѪ˱Ƕ߽һļˣҲɳһ˭˸ɵģֻ-ϸֲ 

үӥʱϻһţҽʦȫȡҩ֮ ǵһ߽һѪŽӡ

ӽӹźչֻԽüͷԽ

дֵܣ֪ܲյһˣԷһ̣֪һҲ޷ɻˣϣ ˵ضɱ ˣ ԽԽˣҸõɣΪ㣬ÿϴ棬ƴ䣬㲣Ѿȫ˸ˣҲǰǸˣҲ˱Ȧ򣬸ҪȢͼֵ֪˪İǹ֣ͼ͹ǶҵĺѰ£ʹ࣬ھΣҸҵĻ°֮󣬽žҪðˣѡĿҲ֪˭϶㣬ǺܺһģǸҪɱǵ飬Ҫնö⣬һеһУÿĺʹ࣬õ֪ϢйͷҸĸֹˣ˽㣬Ҳ֪ãҲ֪Ҳһа취 ຣҸһṶŵȴһĵֵҪ㣬СҸƺԽԽ¼ų⣬˽ҸΪˣƲ˵ˣᵱѩïĨɱһСģ

ţȭͷգǷ ɷ飬ȦЩתͷ ţһ ȭݺݵػһϡ

ס

䣡ǿŴ׳Ĵϣҵô͸¶һȭͷĶʷʱС˹үֻӥѾ 

˿ʷĨ˰۽ǣֻӥҺļ֤ں԰Ĺ

ǣʷӦû߿ֵͿߺͿ˵δңȥϴʢѩ¥ҳ 

˵֮󣬾ͱ־վǰ˵ʷ̾˿С뿪

ɵѾͷΪʲôĥԼ㸸ɱңҼ ĻᣬҲͷֻҪţϣ

ԭ뾩ãӵ԰ӣÿһСĽҷâ̫¶ǰңǿһȫµ˶֪Ůˣκ˶ߣĸףҲὫڽ£Ҵ߳ٴ˿ƽϢͷڵĲˣĨǵ̲תȥǳԺͼʷһ·񱼣ɫЩæص٣үãϾͿ쵽ˣѾǰ֪ͨ 



鲻ѣӦһߣ˰꯺ͻȻ뵽ʲôת˵ʲôã

 һ 

ʱ򡣴áעĿ£һѵͲ˼һ¡

ӵԸΪˣҲȻ

ȻǴĵˣȻܵϻУô㽫ʵ۷ʹ͵ڰϣȻֻѫ壬֮󣬱ȥ

ȥͼҲڼѾӵķѾھ˵δˣȴ˽֮ĸ첲Ѿǿ첽š

ǰԺʱ̫̫Ҳ˳Ϻһ˾ͺƺƵſڣſ㰸ǳʲôʷº֣ܼҶѾˡ

ųͼһӷɫĶӴƺƵʻһƥϵȳŵм䣬ǰʲô֣ԼȵȣǱ׼ĻӳеĶ飬ȻǴĵؾˡ

ʻſ֮ͣӳ￴˹ЦЦ˵Ϳ

̧̧̫̫˵˼仰Ȼ˴Ӷļ́ǱССһ⣡

лӵʹ̹ͣȻܣ

΢Цͷ󣬾ýǰ̧˸һӾŽ˸Ķ鱻ʷǰԺĴϢԲ衣

֮󣬴е̫̫Ų̫˵Ǿί͸¶˼̫̫֮󣬾ȥ׼ʳȥˡ

ֵܣղôڿɫ״̬ôѽ̫̫ߺ󣬴˵Ҳ

Ŷǰһ岻̫ãһֱɫͲЩ˵ţҲ˵Щ׻͵֪ӵãΪϴԷ֮£

΢΢һ㶺ȴЦҾϲֱֵܱǴλֵܰ˼ݼǰһӱǰһЩ񵢸飬пգ͹ˣֵ岻ʣͻˣ

ᣡӵת֪ӵΣ

ӵƻȶҪһʱ䣡

˵ţӻһתЩӣƽܳҪ߶ţʲʣҵǺֵܵգ֪տһѽ

¼ЦˣӵֻЩϲ̨ԲʹҰԷȲù͢ŷɽ亣ζҴʱ˵أɽˮԣҲӦڼԡȴʧ˵飬µһԷ֪ӵûȤһԣʹع󣬴Լԣ

ŶǵҪˣһȤ

ʱŵʷµȥϴ޼ӢǿڹóźõЩϣϺ̿ȻȥһЩ⼰ʱߣʴƼƷ

ʷͳֳԷ̫̫Թ֮󣬾ϲֻԷϸһҪһ٣֮󣬾׼ȥˡ

ţµص˵ֳԷҵδţ֪к֮ѽ

ӽ͵ʵҲûʲôֻ֮Ǹÿ˶ʳĿζؼƫãɵڣѡԼϲʳһֱȽĳԷ

ӽһ֮󣬹ԼһҵĹʷ׼ˣ£룡

ӱҲǺܺ棬ȥ˲

һſƮŵһζ̲ס޵㰡

˵ţͼзһӣмиϡڹӹм䱻ֳ˶ӣÿͬԱߵϣЩкõʵ߲⣬ͺ棬һʳ

֮һ̫ӾһѾˣӽɫζǰõЩպӵȲԡ

ĺ̫£ūΪţ

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¹ˣӦһ󣬾ͼһܲˣø±Ĵ졣

ӿ˿ӵɫƽ˵Щ󣬸κεĲּһ߲¹ֵֵ߳˴ţ֪ʲô㣬ӾҲˣ񲻿ϧ

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⻰֮ѾͲ⣬ͼϲһЩʳŽ̹УһԷȤ

ϯ䣬Ӷʷµȥѡͷơȡһ

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ӵ˾ԼĶģӪֻЩѣд֮ãõ¼Цˣ

ȻƣӾȵȻˣǱҪͷƣк֮

з֣Դӵ˼ˣԽԽȤˣʹôѣҲǲߣȴҲóƣ͵ģԼݣƺûʲôη̹ȻƢθѽ

ʵֹǴӣӽӴˣ඼˸оգϾӵִ˼ӣÿ˵һЩһЩ˵ģʶֲ֪˴

ҲΪԭ򣬲Żྸ޷ƣʼų⡣



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ʱѾ߶ű˽ŵ˸ĺˡ

Ȼλִ̫ƺҡҡ˰뱭֮󣬾Ͷȳ˳

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һһ£һо󣬴ӵ˵ƣȻδ˵˾ƣ֪ǰȵЩҲˣֵܹȻ˰ÿһ£˳ϣ壡

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ˣƱ˱֮󣬾һ

Ҳ̰֮ˣ˼ֳ֮ЩӾڸתת;޵͸¶֮⣬ӼӦҲܾǺίذѻ

һԣ֪ӲӦҲܾҪһڴҲҲ¡

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ڻع·ϣǸˣȻûӣ˵ĿȴѾﵽ

ȻӺܺ棬νӴ˽⣬ϴ֮϶ʶĸӼᶨɴ˵ľġ

ߵλ̫ߡ£λ򸮵꣬ȻǸɶõ˲ŰͲı˵Ϊı˧˿Ϊụ̄Ϊ¾޸Ҳ˵֮ţ쳯а

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ֻǴȥһ˱򸮻عȻһڹһ̳ƣھʱЩĴǣǱϢŪô㵲ѡ

Ǳ򸮼ҪͶҲ̫С˰ɣѵôôЩн򸮺ݺݵرһ

һλȴͬǾ忪ǳǶͷƵζһͣϴ͵ѾȵĿҪˣۼҪûˣྸŪϾƳƲѣѰ˼ҪҪ͵͵ﵽӴһ

ŸӲ㣬вģȥƣҲӦͿ˧δΪѣϾƳư

磬ӻصкҪ˽ǹ;ƵͻԷɲŴ̫ߵ԰ʵۺں԰Űƽ轣

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ƽ¾ȴƽ֣ʱʱ䣡

ھҪԣƽ˵ӣǾܵͻʵʣĸףʱһʱѣǾţ

ӵıӹʵ۾֪һè壬ʵһǶͷô£

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ּ֣ӦһȻһλŮСȥˡ

Ӵʱ﷢ƣʺ֮ҪѾҪˣôҲøһЩ

һŮһλ̫С˹ȡҨ׵֣̫ೢ˳ƣ̫һ󣬾ȻǺ̫൱ʱƾһ飬ʵ۸ˣǱùŮֵУ͵һ

ʵ۶Ʊź󣬲һϸƷһС֮󣬶ʱ۾һ޵ţ˾ȷʵ龫ֵСӻǸ˲Ű벻Ƴ˼

˵ꡣʵ˴һۣʶ˶ͷƣСӿɻд棿

һһϲ룬ӦûЩ洢ɣ׿Դ˾ֻдõģۣ

Ȼд洢һ̳ˣȥҪЩʵЦ

ʶʱסˡ

ʵۼӣֵܣҲͳ̳ƣͷɣȥҪǣ

ʱƽµʣþ㶼ȳˣǻҲһ

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飬ǳϻ̳ϿֵذӵҪһӦȫ׼á

һλ̫ϴӴǿڹʱЩмĸŪƫù̫ȥǼʮӣϡ֣ؽһҪСϴˢκȱʧ

æһʱ֮Ҳʱˣǻ˲ɹǸϹϣһж׼׵֮󣬻ʵŴӽ˵ԴǣǾ͵һԡ

һʵۼſŽټгպŲ֪ʲôôˣ񻹺ܣǰڵľսǲĿɿڴĳԷⱱ򸮵Сѵʳ·

ʵڳһٻ֮󣬼ǾȤθڴ󿪣ЧǼһĻ󡣴˺Կʼо

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ƷɪɪŹ΢ĺִءʹƾ

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ޱ飬ܹܳɣ

  Ǻū¶ɫͿүЩΪѣܹܽʢѩ¥У֪үкҪСҪȥͨһ

Ȳڣˣ˵ţӾʢѩ¥λū֮漴Сܸ˽ȥߺй͵½Ӵ

ǺūҲûд͵˼аԸ˾䣬ٴγȥӭȥˡ

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ޱ飬ǰ󣬾Ůûݺɤ벻ӹӹٱ¥ϴεرѱһ£ūҶԹӿԼأ

ٷϻүȾƽƵģѡһż䣬ѩң˵ţ;˶¥õһû˵ż䡣

Ůţ˻Ǻ⣬漴Сܸӣ֪ѽʢѩ¥ѩСÿֻΣΪ³ʮжʮĩʮʱ䶼ǹ̶󵽰ѩ¥У빫Ӽ£

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ǣͿӦһѸٳš

һż߽˼λŮžƺһЩˮ˽ںģһλȹòԵûţʢĵĵһ޶ĿȻҲһĿŮӣ櫡

櫽΢΢Ӹ˸֮󣬱һЦǸУȴ˼Ƥɰ߽֮Ӵ˼ۣ֮һĨâ֮ɫ䣬С㲻֪ʲôֵļգ

СŮӶ黭ͨһһӣ֪ӿȤһ櫳ëգգ˸˵

Ǿ͵ɣĲɵص

ԣСŮһѹ٣ŵһߵİ֮ϣߵǰǰһ˫Ửָһң㷢һ죬űһӵĿСˮٲȷ

һŮΪϾƣֻǶ𱭣žƱһֱתûкȣ˼ҲûϣֻǶǵٵ櫣룬ȻһŮӣȻ츳ѩǰǿ󣬵ԸһˣҲˡ

һˣֻǼһ䣺Ӳ

ԣҧ½ױݡ΢ɫصһۣ ȻǸֲþ峤Ҳ޷˿Ӱ졣

һݶƱͻȻվߡ긧ɺĸңֻģһ岻һֻӵȻС㻹ͨ鷨Сдһ֣

ʲô֣빫ʾ£櫼Ŀƣͻһ¾ͺˣ漴˵һ֮˲Щ԰ףεĺܺãܿͻָ

仯ͿУԱߵŮȡֽǴΪСдּͼͣ

ŮӦȡīŵϣֽ̺

ʱͻȻһץס櫵ֻ£ȻߵǰŷſС㿴ϸˣ˵ţʣֽϷٵд˼֮Ȼֺһȴƻˡ

ʱڿǼ֮˲ٴδ䣬ҲʼЩСŮЩһ빫Ӷ׼

ȥɣȻСţҲӽһӵϣȻֽͷŵ֮ȼ櫸˸֮󣬾ʹҴҴŮ뿪ż䡣

߳ӾȻ߾

һͿ˽ݵүǲ¥Ů򷭾ΪָһƵŮԲ˲θΪһóĹ£¥ŵż仨

ֵܿʵ

Ϳ˵ͷֵܾż仨滹ڰأ

ߣȥҲһ竣һվ

룬ֵһʱͿһֵ֧һǻظһ͵ҪĶҸǴһλᣬǰղס͸ǣʱˣҪãǺΪ֮ɣ˵ţӾͳš

¥ż仨֮ǰƽһǰϣﱧλòΣеɫƽƽŮʱץץݺһѣŮʹһ֮󣬾ͽһƱǰ鹵ʹŮʹȴеøʵҡ

̬оϲϲŮ˲ҽУŮǴ飬ҲϷϲ

ŮΪϾʱ̬кһ͵絽Ůǰ󣬱ͷ˽ȥһҧŽǾʳɾŮʹôҽУǱ̬ȴ˷ܵ໿С

ߣʱվһλһЩˣλ̬Ҳʱݺݵɫһƨɣʹͷһ֮̬ץץģ̬˷һƱ˵Ļݺݵ˼ѣϷݵøͶˡ

ֵվڻſڣʱȭͷգȻܲȫëĳֻǿš

ʱͻȻһһʯźϤŭҴ۵Ĺ

ʯ俴һۣʹ˸ɫʱ⣬վһ

꣡

ʱżͻȻײһ׵ؾ͵˽ǻѪүң

ƽĸˣͻȻ˴ˣֻǵĮɨһ۵ûûٳȥ˻

䣬һҲص˽ͼͿ˺Ϳ߶һžʹ˽һٺôƽһ˵Լ£ϾЩҲסˡ

ҪͻȻ߽һλƮݵ꣬һλ꣬ƽеһ˫۾͵ֱˣĿʹڴ˵ɨɨȥ

 һ 

̬ʲô

߽꣬ȻӣǴеĿƺ޲ҪѹĽһŻĿ˻ȥһ䡣

ƽдʱһƿŮ˾ŮһɫеؾС˹Ӵⶼѽ



Ǳ̬вʱһ;һֻ  з˸ðǣƽʹ޵ľ;߾ǻܣͶģ

ƽаһƣӣҴܡƽ˼˵̬

ôȺ̬

ƽ߳ŭֵܵﻹǸʲô׽סӽҪСӺúֲŰϷ

ֵʱӳ˸ȴͿߺͿ˵ס󣬲غϡ˾뱻⡣

үǴ򲻹ǣô졣ʱſڡҽУһ

ƽмӻнĽд˷ͻظ

үûĿǼѲǰ﹩үǰ ֡ҽСһ

ӻƽƽƽб޴  һϲ  һϮЦ粽һתתƽкúݺһͱ˴ƽеƽеֿʹϳ

ƽֻǸ弶ʦԶԶӶ꾪±ҪϣһӾ߳һţС֮  ƽһˤڵء

Ҫ̬ܵиϵĸ۽һ˿ϷŰϷǰɡھ㳢Űζ

˵ţӾͿ첽ǰһŽ߷תſϾԽϣһ򡣶׼ĳȫλݺݾ˽ȥ

໣

һ˺ѵʹƽзһҽкʵȱǿŤӵĳ嶯Ѫһ˿Цһȭһӻ顣һֵȣһκݺݵͱ˽ȥ

໣

һΣñ̬е˿ּԵķһȸղŻڼĲҽУԼͺ˺ѿɣһʱкƻһ̺ȥҡ

ʱӽʹһšתͷͿʹ˸ͿȭеĻ󣬾Ѹٳţ漴ܿû˶

˺ѵʹƽʹȥüͿүҸԹ޳Ϊʲô

תȣصûгҽֻǿʮֲˬһٶѡȻ㻹ȥ  ôٲһᣬĶЩʲô硣

ҲоȱˡŹҡƽʹŵ

Ѿˣ   ˡ˵ţһŵѾ̱ϵŮ£Ц벻ʢѩ¥Ȼֻṩ˰Ӷˣ

ӣӡ

ʱҴҴһͱλ֮ǰӴŮ¼Ҵ˽ۼǰƨɱһݺݴֵ  Ѫ£ȻȴɫλȻʲôĵطӿȻʢѩ¥Ŀʢѩ¥Ӧñ˵ȫֱʹΪѣ

ѵͲΪܵ˴˵ķҵ涽ҲвʮֲˬҴ˾ҵĲôӲ  á

Ů¼ȡֵ˼ҧ  гϰһ㲻ʢѩ¥ܹܽҲȥʢѩ¥ūҹʲôʧ񴦣ӺλǹһҵŵǸ

ŮթϰھǸĽ ʾؾ˵

ĳ潩Լпʱ

ŮܹܱڵѾ޻˵ˡ

Ӹоʱˡʱ͵ذγǸȴƽһҺǴѪӵһ  վ  ˣȻΪ顣ҸӴ±˲Ȼ˵ˣҾҪλܹܻĳǰҸϣٶŲˡǾͱҲͳˡ

˵꣬һ˦䣬뿪˷䡣

ƽа˼תƨɺ˺ѵʹ嶯Ҷһ£ۼѾûȥŮº***ʢѩ¥ձع˶Դ¸һ

Ů±ΪʱµĻ  ʱڴеĻĿһü𡣳ĪᴺүΪʢѩ¥ˣ۸ɣ

ƽ֮󣬻˵ͻȻһ鱻ŮĿһɺ󣬷·ǰʬɽѪһĻέǱˣʧҲաܵһظ

ȻŮͳŮԼһŮͳȥȥˣȻеŮͳһ۽һĨһŮ˵˼仰Ůһ  ֪سǶ˿ۣʹҴҳš

ӳʢѩ¥󡣷ԸͿƽӷֻ

ͿӦֵү °ܸδθ

ӵС¶첻˹  ֻ׿ӦһǶˣ͵ǲӡǶ޵ʱΰãѩһʱ˵ô뱱κιش  

˰أӽ֮Ϳ˾ͷʡʧ˽нӦֵȥˡ

һͨԺʽլ֮С

櫻װ֮ɫǣʹҴ̼һžͼ㣬鷳ˣ

ǻ˵꣬ŻعһʱһͱеĲѩ

ʲô鷳ˣ

峤ŲǱ򸮵ӹȥʢѩ¥Ҫܺͽ㣬Ѭ̾Ͱȥ㣬żӹдһ

Ҫдʲô֣˵һЩīüʡ

Ҫдһ֣д˽ŵʡҲ֪ΪʲˣдǸ֣ûдĳдһҿ

ţ˼һͻȻһдһʲô֣

дǷѩڣɢд˲԰׵г

ڻǣ͵شվިʡΪʲôǣѵ﷢ʲô£

櫵峤ǷһܴϴܹһŸӹӣ֪гΪʲôӹ˵ʢѩ¥ܹʮջظ£ܹܻظŽ д  ּӹʢѩ¥·

ؼдǷųȥԺҵķ䣬ýлҪʣüŵ

ֶôỻ˷䣬Ҳûʾ

һ˼䣬УĻѩæ ˻ɫЩ԰ף㣬ʲôӹΪʲôỳǣ

Щŭصѩʵ  ϴܹܵ͸дʲô

ѩɫ΢΢һʵԼľᣬǵʱûбԼ

ǸѩŮӡһõĻʱר˰ճð㷸һĴ󣡡

 һ 

ѩдɻ󣬲˴ý㼧񡰰գ׽˵

һϸԼе֮ѩͻȻʶʲôʧò᲻֪ݣܵ˰ɣ

ãĴԼﲻɣΪʲôƫƫǾݣȥâʲô⣬ȻҪɰ

⣬ô죬㣬ӶǣѩȥʱеǴˬԼһֱδһСԹױںȡ

룬ͻȻ֪ȥʢѩ¥дǸֵ˼ˡɵģֻǣʢѩ¥еˣܹܣ֣Ϊ˵ڹ

ʱѩȦ֮ѾһˮЩʵ㣬ҵĴ

ðطȡ⣬ڹǱ͵ģֻҪмϼ㣬ŵ˼ͱˡ򣬲ݡ󣬶ط뽭ĲԶҵټͿϺͽϱӹӹƺȥô뵽Լȥط˽⣬ǲడ

ѩԣ޵ݣǾݱҲǵһ㣬Ƚϲдŵ徲Χʱû뵽ôԶ

ʱѩߵλɰСŮ˽㣬Ÿ㣬Ѭģ

ȴ˳ֽӹŲ𿪣˿̾ʢѩ¥йȻ˱ڹˣһƵŮһĹ£ҵڹǵǸˣȻӹӣǻûʶڹʱ˾Ѿɲ鵽ˣɼǻȷʵ£

˵ţͻȻһŹֵͷ૵ǻۣȫԽԼ鱨֯ӦòǺҪǵĺȴǣѵеģֻھµĸ

ѩȥ۽ǵᣬ㣬һϱ£ʢѩ¥ȻڹǾ¥ӪĲҵҲпܳΧԱĿܣ뼰ʱŲ飬ǲѾĿʼԸǣбҲǣǱҪˣһʧȥ̣ھǽ粽У㣬Ϊǵ˿·

··ţѩлǺѾһĨɫãȻѾƫӹӣ֯ͶɣԻн

㣡ѩһôУͶЧýյأ

ãϷǻһ꣬ӵ鱨ṩ²֪飬Ҳδ͸¶κϢֻᵽʢѩ¥ҵ˰УҪеӻˣĻӵĲ¼ɺͻɣӼʹ¼ңҲɵĴ鱨˼ģʱᶯңȡӹӵΣҲԷ鱨ϣ͸࣬Ҫסǵʹκ£ԽΪҪĿ꣬𣿡

峿

һں԰һ׼򵥵ȭƻδǲ̫ҵĻҲֻǼ򵥵Ķһ£չȥ

ת䣬ʱͿʼ֯ë£ÿһӶȥһģȻټ֯֯ˣŽȥԴ

䴩£úܺġûӻҪڼټһӲƤץˡ

ֻ֪ӥӥצܷÿһ·˲Ӱ۵ƤҪ£ֻ׼ΪƴлɫͼƤȥҲӰëµۡ

ëʱͻȻݵүˣŲղǰţ˵̫үͻصˣ̫̫Ҫү׼һ£ȥӭӣ

ߺӸ˵˻ͳ

Žţʷ¾͸ŽݣүϢֵܵҲЩֶΣǰˣ

͵ˣɫЩܣǲأ

ʷӻСóһϵֵֺܰͿͿ߽ǽӦͿǸĻòʱ˳Ǳļ°֮У

ܺãͷͿ壬һֵܵͣܲ°н˵£Ϳǵ˰аһ£˵꣬ʹҴҵȥҡ

Ȳؽǲ򿪣ͼһƴСĲӣչͼӾ͸͢ʹõƣ۵չʽġ

չһ棬ͼдһЩС֣Ůдռһ¼ű̬ʲôطʲôˣЩʲô֮µȵȣеĻǱȽϸµġ

ǰģҲЩС飬һЩҲЩϲ̨ģ̾ʲô˶С

滹һ滹һ֣Ӧǻ˶Ǯͨġ

һֱĵһҳҳ¼̬ƺڳ䵱ĳ֯²İԱҲ֯в㼶ĳԱ̬кһЩǺصĽҲΪӽҲ£˲ٵˣҲЩȰгзķ͵ˣûʲô档

ӶԴ˵ͻЩ͵ģЩϲ̨棬ûʲôʵССҲãҲһɺǿ鱨װһҲΪ齨鱨

ӷһҳʱҵصļ¼̬еõҪйעӼ򸮵Ķ̽һ±򸮵ķֻҪǱ򸮳ˣȥʲô輰ʱ㱨ҵᣬȥʱ㱨

Щݶϴ̽¼ģڿʼͱ򸮵ĶˣӼ¿

ֻᵽһλʹ··ҪŻԱ򸮼ӵĽȣҪԷչ֧ԱΪΪ̽һЩСϢ

ӿҳûټ¼һƬǾַһҳһҳֻ¼һݣʱʢѩ¥һż뱱нӴ֮ÿŵ֣

ϲӣϸݣȻûᵽ֣Ƿţȴɹؽ˽ɱ֣˵ǻһ뽭аϵڼű򸮵Ķ⵽һ

׿ǵˮȻװ

̾˿ͳţʱʷһϵүСүүȥһ𣬲˵λҪ㣡

ӹҲûпֻﰵ룺λӣڴ֮Ҳ̲סʼˣ֦ô



 һ 

Ϊֱʡػ̹ΪҾͳȡսĥ£һ뵱ۻʼΪƵʡ

ӣĻСĽȻ˽ǣȴ˿͡

ӶλЩӣȴûʲôøУΪпܾЦصǿܸ֮ˣ˴򽻵Ҫʱʱ᲻㣬ܸһִâڱĴ

ǰҪڵģʵ᲻ȤȥˣҲ˴£ߺ߱Ҫȥһ¡

ҪȥӾҲĵȥǻ˽ѫϣʷ£ԼͿߺͿˣʹҡڵشӱǰŵĴҡеǰ

ʵҲûжԶתֽǾ͵ˣȴӲ˰ʱڵ˹

ĹܼѾſӭˣ쳤˲ӵϰ ż±˲֪ҪҪһߵĲ̵ʱ·ʱ󳼸ϵˣʶģǲʶģҪͷк

ܼҿһĻȴпЦλ򸮵Сү֪ǹ԰ڣбĿģˣܼҾʹЦؽһӭ˸

ֻǸоֻеٹҵ֮󣬲Ϯλ˽¶үľλҪӵ˶ѫҪߣǲҪӭģֻ֮еȺ

ǵ˿ʱˣҪҹܼٵϿͼܼӽԺɫһᣬŹֵֵ˰ð룬°

Ӵʷ½֮ҲֵСүõȣʵڲ˵ţӾʷ½ϵĺӵݸ˴ߵĹܼңĴæҲûбʲôһЩزСүЦɣ

Ǻһۣװʮ־ӺܹϾ¶Цݣֵܺαؿ룡

Ѿ˲󣬱֪СүǰʲôԸ

ԸҵһžͿżɽ΢ºոλͣѶֵѾˣΪһ£Ȼˣֵܵһɣ룡

ŴңͼҵǰһλŹüƺܴ˼µӢˣ˭

ӣݼӵ£

񣡡˰ֺ󣬱ԴǣǼʲôͻ֮Ī֣

лӣ΢΢л񣬾

ӴӼۣһֱļ޲ڣԵ棬ҲжţЩȼǾͨ˲ȤĶǻУҲøϲɼǻ۸߾֮ˣֽѧϰѧϰ֪ûң

ˣǶЩϲ̨СգѪϹĵģн̵֮񣡡ӵ

ȴԹܴΪʦⷽ裬ĽɼӴţԸΪʦң֪ûң

һ⻰оѰ˼ˣӸĳ빻ذȻ뵽ðʦԴ֮ϣҲЩ

˭˵λӲԴǣ˻ϬȴһΪѣǲӦɨ棬Լ߰Դ󣬲ʶ̧ٵķ֮ǴӦԼȴǼԸ

˼ת룬ȴǵ⣬ʵҵǰմӵãͬʢ飬Ծܾӵʢ飬½µѴ

һҲܾ˴ӣе΢΢һɣ˵лᣬҲͲ£

ˣǱҲͲΪѸ㡣ֱĸ֩һ£Ҿ⸮к԰дΣ

ȻˣԵ㡱Ӽ㽫˹ȥдҲνˡ

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԰ͤоƲ˰úãͤһ޴ĳأʱеһӦҲ׼׵ͤ£˼䣬˱ƣҪٸдһ£ϴھ¥ˣһֱвʡ

ӵͷ˹֣ϳأȡ䣬ҲΪֻݣ󣬼аģϴν࣬ϴ˻λСүû

СүԼĳɼ£˻˸ơ

ӳӵͷ󣬾ͤǰ󣬾ʹӼͲȡ֧

ʲôǼȡ֧ɫһ䣬еѵҪһϢ䣿

Ӽһȡ֧ɫҲ΢΢ݣҪһϢ䣬Ҳ£Ȼͬ

ڶ˵䣬ͼӿ粽ٹҺٶü졣



ҵĲ췢һƿպХǼмȥ

׼ȡʱʱʷС˻еү˴ţ̫үϾͿ쵽ˣ̫̫ڴߴˣҪϿȥӭ

ţ¹ͤбȭСүԪ˧±ȥӭӣᱳϲТ¶׼иˣ

ҲûϵͿ˧ʱȻҲ˵ͷ˸һʹҴ뿪

뿪󣬴ľɨˣǾͳͤߵسϣǼȥֻһ֮£˿

Ҳú棬Ǽдͼ֧ʱֻһ֧ںĵһϣֻǱͷӵֻʣ°ؼͷȴѾĴ͸֧ļͷǱǺ«һ㣬ĵǰ֮ϡ

似似簡Ӽǰĵļ޲ɫݵص

ȴĽĵصôģϴξ¥֮£ҲԹ޷һϢ֮ɣ˼ֱǸ

ȴͻȻ£ãϧۣҪǲ£Ҳñȥעһ٣ʲôʲô£ʱһرжҵȲ֮£ٲҲҪƴѹһˡ˵꣬Ӵ˼飬ͱ뿪ˣ

վڳϣ۾صǼа죬мвʣЩߺޣһƾʲôܵôΧתȻӶΪʦΪʲôֻܳ䵱Ȱ£֮֮ȥСɫ

ʱܼɫЩŹֵС˹ԴүСȻֻǼӵĺܾķ

˵ʲôһʱһˣҧгݵصСӵҴʲôˣЩ÷ô

үЩôܼҲһƣ벻򸮵ССˣֱûаСү

ҪѪŴҰǶóȥι

үԷ

Ǿȥιģ

үû

ƼƱ¶ġƱ׼ۼҪðˣ֮࣬Щֵ֧Ԯ

 һ ׻ƾ

ӳ˹󣬻ʱϵǼԭûлظһ˾ֱ˳ǡ

ӭͤʱڹٵľͷһЩ͵ĳʻͿԪĶ顣

ͤʷµүڹܼ˵̫үʱŵڿ磬ǲеˣ

ҡͷ磬˺ܿҲᵽҵģ

˵ţԶԶؾͼһӳʻ˹ٶȼ죬Ǹϳ˵ⲻˣ

ʷ˳ųٵķȥԶԶؾֻܿһģӰӣаԲ죬үǿôԶܿ

һͼһͨѸʻʷſǸϳһλοɰСӴȻſһֻëɫѩףСèһɵѩ

ʻʱǳϵѩŵ۾ƺʲô͵ؾ˿ȻѸһؾʹͤɱ

Ǿޣ䱸Ϳߴֻٱѩ֮Ϳ˻ӵߡ

ӿֻѩһֿۡ˿䱸ʷ£ýţҪܵǵĵ⣬ǵģ͵ֻèˣ

ͿͿԣɱƽʷΪһЩܲѩ޺Ϣеվصֻѩп޷һֻ޵è

ӽִʷµļģǿʷ¾ͼֻѩ֮ҡҡβͺ󣬾һ˵ӻʹҹӣ͸ֺֻ˵èһɡ

ʷ²һĿɿڴʼûзӦ⵽Ǿޣè

ʱͤͣǸɰСŮƿӡͼһϮɫȹɫɴѩȹգгɴ֮Ƕһۺ󣬾ͿŮĻչ

ӣѩ󣬸˸˿ҵͿߺʷˣֹ

ӵЩСֱ˵ǣع˼ɣ

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֪ѩ˵ʲôҴӦʵ¶ͿߡͿˣʵ֤µĳŵ᲻У

ǣͿͿʱߵѩǰֱ㽫ԼϵһƤ˺ʱ¶ѩе׳ö÷·ӡūӡǡ

ѩһĻס죬ûʹԼ

ȻϴͲʱˣЩţѩᣬлᣬǰǶ֮еĹ塣ظʮֵĳߣȻڱ廹ҪҵĽūȻ֮ʮ־Ӱ

ʱѩҲףΪʲôеĴϻĸԸؽе˴ߣǴӵˣһǰЩѩĺᣬֻǲ˵ϣҲֻǣŻŷ

ͿͿѸٵؽƤٴδ߻ں֮ӵ СӦÿԷĵº˰ɡ»ҪС㣬ʱϣ֪ҵ˼

ƾӷԸ

ѩƽϢеԴ̬ȣҲ̹Ȼó˳⣬Լûɲ

ѩ֪˷ѩЧܺ󣬷ЩìеĹᶼЧˣԼĻ岻Ǹͨ壬ȴܾЩ̫Ȼ

ӵС㣬Ȼ˫ʽЩ»ҪС˵վߵˣ⻹жˣֵεģֻǸ𱱺򸮺Ҹˣһ㲻ȥˣи鱨˻磬Ҳ˵ṩ鱨ǵ鱨Աաûֱӹϵ鱨ϵͳһ뿪ҲܶתϵͳǼǺϵϣСף

ǽҵˣôǵ磿ѩϸζ˵Ļʵ

ӵҵ鱨ϵͳĿǰھǻû¸ھǸԵŲõЩǰԻõģ𵽵úĿǰҵ鱨ϵͳڶݡݡݡȱأѾΨ֣ԾҪСĶ֧֣һҵ鱨ӪܹСģˣʱϸ̸ǣҲֱӲ룡

ѩԣ΢΢Щʧ䣬Ϊ˻ʱ棬ĺϵĻ񲻸١

Լ縺Σʱͷѹ£ѩתһߵǸСŮٶȥѳϵĺȡ

׶ӻҪѩѹС࣬һһȥϣһһĺӱ˳

ѩɱӵ˹ʷ½ӹŵһЩЩռľǼϷһЩҪ鱨ϣоϷصʢѩ¥ݡ֬ˮӡׯȲҵԼصҵ鱨ϣ⻹һǧƱ빫ӹĿЩСŮµģµĲУ

ɫݵؿѩԭƻֻҪܹõԽõ֧֣׻鱨Ӫʱ£鱨Ӫ򾩳͸ʳѾˡ

ûϵѩὫϷصһЩ鱨Ҳһ͸ṩһ׻鱨ӪϷ͸ĻᣬԣѾǺϵṩˡѾһԸЧҵ̬ȡ

ѩûЧҲ˵ΣֻǵСó˺صĳʼδΪǽܸõĺҲбҪҵġ׻ƣ֣

׻ƾ֣ѩԵúܲ⣬Ҳûʣ

ӵҵ׻ƾ֣һߴӪֱӪӪҵӪӪ鱨ӪɱӪӪĿǰ鱨ӪɱӪѾʼ׶ΡҵӪӪͽӪ⼸ϵͳһͿϼΪչ⼸ӪʲôģҽѩСӦװɣ

ѩԣʮ𾪣ҲЩţԭΪֻ뽨һ鱨ϵͳ벻֯Ȼ˵ȫ档ļܹȫܱȵһˡ

ǣ˵ǻͷԣµһ֯ȫпܵģ֯׳ôȳܿͬȫܹṩȫıϣԼЧһ֯ʲôǵأ

رлһ¡񵶿ֵĴͣлóƲӣˣӦ͡λֵܽã֧֣л¹֮еֵܽõĴ֧Ѿų

ߴһСܡЩѵֺʣܻг֣Ŷһ֣ͬף̫ðŽɫϢ

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ƷĴŲƽжδüްơ

ӴӭͤУѩеЩϣҲ޷ǼȵĲƽ𾪡

ѩԽǵϷˣһΪչЩҪԾӪׯ֬Ů졢ݼ¥Ϊ˵ҵζŨڴ̽鱨Ҳֻͣԭʼ׶ΣʤʱΪ־ãЩþӪϻǮͨĹϵҲռҪ鱨ϡ

ھѩϷ뾩һꡣͨͳɹһʢѩ¥һҲݣмҲׯΪص㣬ṩģһһλ־Ӫͳ졣

ѩṩйؾ鱨Ǻ룬ΨЩֵģйصľãһЩΧزҵ

˵ڼλӵСλӲȨƵһ϶ǮһЩϵнһЩӵйɷݵĲҵʮദй֣Ҳλ

ЩϵҲǹԱǵһЩԸȤõȵȶеĺǶɶȴ޼

ʱʷµүǰĶ顣̫үĶ飡

̧ͷԶٵһʻϸĿ۲£ͼһﵱȵмһƥ׷ף溬ϡҺɫߣͿԪ죬ŲߣаںһٶȲʻ˹

Ϳ˵ȥԺ󡣽ЩȫﺮЩݣٳˡҸղѩġ⼸˰һЩŵУϤǵģʽ

ʷЩǵصүλѩСڻڿӵӻתͶүһ¶˷Ļ

ӵѩǲһ꣬ǳھǵӰԶûҲûԾ˽룬յĶҲ࣬ӦûûйעתͶǣҲһ·ѣţѩʩӰ졣˶ãҲԸͶЧ

˵ţԶĶ飬૵ʵУҲҪģеЩҪ鱨ϺŶӣһֱھǴƴ꣬ѾЩŮˡһܹҴһЩ벻ľϲ

ͿԪĶʻ֮ʣͿȴѩǸлظţȶ쵽ӭͤʱװż˾ߵ·ӭӡ

ͿԪڻ;·ϣѾͨŲӻؾ֮һЩ顣ҲһЩ˽⣬ʻʱĿһֱӵû뿪ֱʻӭ֮ͤ󣬱˹ЦСӣ벻һ겻ΪϷ򿴲͸ˣȻӻ˸ѫܲ

֪ͿԪྸضڵһʱټλϲ̸һЩ⣬ҲûиͿԪ˵ʲô·Ŷسǡ

·ϣͿԪҲûжʲôŲһЩϵ顣ӻشҲоݡ

ֱسſڵʱ̫̫ŸµѾںǳڵȺˡ

ͿԪŲصſڣȴǷ׷ײԼͬؽĿע˸ϡ

ŲԵʮ־ȣ븮̶ҵʱ䣬⸮еǶǱһƵģ뵽˾еЩսʿǾüϤеɷ֮ơ

ͿԪŲ˶԰ Һ󣬲ɵٴγӿе뷨Իš

ڱ򸮵ǾòҲ൱ãͿԪеĸܵĲͬҲ൱⣬ټھʱͿԪȥŵһЩжǸϲء

ſں˼˸֮󣬸Ҳһæ̣ʼ׼硣

ͿԪصϣȥðݼͿµȥʱߣҲûпһۣðݼʱҲݺ廳һŲȰο֮£ʰ顣

Ųһ֣ܼѰ˸ڵЩӷ£Զ̨֮󣬾ͿԪ㱨˴¡

ͿԪˣЩţʮ𾪣

ӡУ϶ֶ꣬˭ûκεԷ벻ھǵЩӣλ޵УȻ̨˵ҽΣһǣˡ

ȵŲ˵֮ͿԪʵЦ϶벻Ҳн죬Ϳʰ㽭ҡҶҲĿˣ

֪ڸϵͿԪ˺ܶ࣬׼˺󣬾ϯϯ˽˽ͿȥеһЩ

һֱͿԪҲûϢ˼Ȳؽӽе鷿Уʵʱȼйϵټ֮󣬿˵Щʲô

ҲûĴ㡣ҶԴһµĿҸʱϮ£ͣǣõ¼ȥȻָҿӣûжӷֻǸ˸飬糯µʱ򣬽Ǿټһ±۲ȺķӦ

ⷬͿԪ˼һᡣûֱӶͷԶĺܺãһԶͻȻǣ¼ҲûϻǷĿ

ȴʵ̣뽭Զ֮¡޶ǹ⽫ģ

ʲôͿԪһСӣðհ һϲɵĻ鷳ɾʹˣ

ӵڡ·죬һλξٵʬڰҵʱûϸʬλٵģº϶Ҳ飬ǷȺټЩټҸĽ飬һУѾû϶ԳϱַĴ󳼲ɣ

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Ϊ˻롣Ͼһ˵˵ġҲǻжǵĵطӭ˻ϵǰˣʵϣ¼ջҪصȺĲȴ˸Ȧӱܿ˵д㣡ӵ

ͿԪ쾪˵֮¡ȷȷʵʵǸʴԼȨйأ˳⣬ƿ˵ɢȺע⣬ѾĴ ̫¶

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뵽ͿԪͻȻ뵽ʲô㿴ӵңýԶ̨Ĳ֣ǲйأ֪Σ½ װ ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķ

 һ Ϊ

ôԵõֻĢðеǷ һ˶ơ

ͿԪǰðЩ̹˳ͿһΪӡЩ²ͿҲĳ˵ȽҲʲôӰ졣

ȻྸͿ֮ʱ̸Ȼ˵һЩԴǣӶͿƸһ

кܲҲ౰ӿͿԪʩѹﵽԼѩصĿ

ǣӱͷϵһɻһýҲ޷ϴѸϵֻ֣ҪһǣϾƽչؼٺõˣվһӪĴ󳼣Ϊ˱Ҳȵġɱıʼղ¶ˮ棬ֻһһһЩܱҲֻܳ

ͿԪ𾪣ȻýԶ׵̨һҲҾЩͿԪÿޣĳе㲻ױѵԽԶͲ˵Ĳйء

̹Ȼ˼ͬûҵʼմ滳ңЩ޷ģ̫ĻôôᱻͽΣûôܴһྸ ҿʼʵʩһЩѩĨɱƻڴ¿½͸ûлˣ

˵ʲôྸڲ¼ɻ㣬ѩͿⷬݵشվΪྸİȻһλүҪѩһ˵ĻôյĽ־ĳϢʧκ˵ע⡣

ǣүΪʲôҪǲĸطү˾ͿԪԵ޷

ӵҳ뾩ǵʱүʱʹ۲ңټҼΣ̽ҵʡΪҲŪʹҶǷĿٺұҵʱûб̬ͽֹСү뿤һ˴󳼼ҵŮֱǰЩСүŸңţҲྸ˲̽󣬾һ޷Ƶ׼Ů  ʴ綳¼ȻҲ͸ྸѩҵľġ

ͿԪ𾪹󣬺ܿͻָ侲㽫ʵ̹ϸҡҪδ㣿

ӵһǰһʵ̹  ;߲ྸһ̸֮ྸĻҲһ˾ΪĿྸҵ㣬׼κ£Ҵ򷢻ݣҪѩҲҴ澩κηչȻҪ˼ͿϼӰ죬ʱɱҵྸǿƣȻֱ֮ɿڵġ

ͿԪ˼죬ӵھǵǴ ŲѾ֮ˣΪͿϽ룬ȻõҴȫ֧֣ôȻҲⷽʲôȥǣྸҪѩһ£ӳүΪ˱ȽǿơǺܸߡھǵľٶϺע  Զ̨¼ûʲôӰ죬үҲһֻ۱һֻˣҪԸĻûܱס

û̸ྸ飬ٿױһתʡүӡ֮⡣Ϊྸִǿ  ټӲᣬϻһֱվȨвһλʵ۵Ļλ𣿡

ͿԪ춯ݵؿӵСĻӿڳ϶үмӣô¼ɣ

Ӽáүϵ˽ܻϻϸǿıڻȨ֮ôͿǰҲԻͶţһͿռ˲иүŵĴȡү±ҷͿᱰϢȥֻеõȨ͹ıӻȥȨﵽʢ֮ҲŸչ֮ʱǣļ壬ʲô³ǰκʱھ磡

ͿԪЩڱɫ˻Ƴɵĳܴ

˵ͣû֪ް˻ͿԪú˼һˡ

ֻǽļ˳ͿŵŶҽϵѯһЩ峤Ҹһ˻ظ뱨

ͿԪɫصؽӹš˿һĳӽͿŵĹԴͿӾиôʱɽıΧʧ¼ͿͶ·Ͷţʹŷҵĳͻ

ʼΪǼ䵽泯ú͵طϲϷһЩԴԿſһԺ¥ڻͿϷĵ˽

Ϳϣʹз֮ŵĲɣҲеŵų⣬Ѿ߸˿ˣټһ޵нǾ޷صĸ˿һ ᳹ҵĽͿѹ  ٲ

Ϳһз֮УڼӸȻϽľ;߽ëȻٴŵļз֮ҵһµĳ·

һϵͿԪ֪ĸɾȫϵڶ  Ųûвһۺ󣬱

ͿԪ޸ͿԪ콨飬ָͿҲӾҪչĻҪͿԪ쾡ٸֺͻ泯ϵӰӣٵķչͿȷ㣬ͿϺ͵ҽܷųζ¼ĳ·ϣ

ſͿԪĬһҲĬȺʲô

룬ҵУᵽҪȫس㵫ڻǺԽʲô㣬㲻ϸظ

ӵһ˵˰ɣǰҾ͸һͿŻྸҪı·ֻпϻȨǿĴɽҪͶЧ϶ǽܹϵλһ⼸գѾҼ̣һ𸴣

ͿԪ룬ү֮ǰû֮⡣

үҲᵽд㣬;ܾүӵ

ͿԪѵүԻϵģֵͿ

үڻϡΪʲôʼųϵļҪŲţδܽȨƽ϶бɵĴڣΪʲôлȨţΪʲôϻлϵ֣ྸͲûǳһϷָϵеȨѵϻΪྸûֻҪЩ⣡Ѿ֮ˣʬ ྸĴˣֻǹྸǿơ˲ұҲһ׶̰ˣ

˵⣬Ϳտʼȥ˱ָһĿǰֻȱһԻϵĵΣôϵĳ֡û֪ʵеƵж٣ྸһᱻôµĺֻһʲôĽ֣ͿҪҿ̲ɣ

ȣл֮ԴֵܵĴƱسΪִ¡

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ϰ԰ж

ϴһֱֻһЩ򵥵ȭһֱڸͷϢټǾǿЧѾȫָˡ

꣡꣡꣡

У£һᾢȭ֮д񱩸͵ı׾һ㺮˪ֵ֮ʹΧһűըԵĳÿһȭ֮ʣ԰ΧĿ˺ƿյļ졣ټʹΧܿһŨƮɢٻˮ

ϵɸĵϣѾȫʪ

ǺһʱûдȵĶȭŵԵʣӴǣʽеÿһ仯ʱϸ֮󡣶ᵽһЩͬĸܣ

ڷһʱ֮ٴξ֮ʱŵƤĤ֮䷢ǿĦġǣҪ

һ׺Ƕʽ֮Ӹо죬һǰδеˬо

ڴʱ档ͷһϣźӣʱһĺ档

ǵӴǱ׾֮⺬һǺ֮֮ںϵļʽлǲһԾ

ּ˵ԣȻһ˵ϣһܹںϡںϺֱըԵľȫҪȵһ־˺ЧйЧǿ

Сʦ۷ΪǿľΪȫѷɫһλ߼ʦˡ

ͷ֣ЩСӵĹ۲죬ԽԽ档ͺһֹȦ֮УоǺϢǲ֪αı׾ºԼܽĥһʼն޷籬һǿЧ

ֻͷЩȥһСЩϵ£ҲֻĹ۲죬ǹ۲ôáûκεͷͷʵ֮¡ͻʦļ󣬵Ȼһϲ⣬ȥ

ʱҲûбλͷȻͷܿĹҪĥ͸ˣ¾Ͳô׵ˡ

ʱϰʱͷ˹ͣǰһˣ֪ʲôͽ̣

ͷСӣ⹦Һеӡ󣬵ǼǲϷͲˣֵֻľģϷĥ˺ܾãûĥеİ

ӵ־ҳΪ׾ͨͿ侭еı־ԼͿϼӵе츳ͨϡȻֿ񱩼ȴ͸Ե;

ԭˡͷһ˼صֻǽɾںΪһ壬һ͵ľͲһܹġʦʵҲ޷ɲͬľںΪһ졣пܻᷢɱĿܣǾ˵Ϳӵе츳

ڵǹǺ֮ǴӺζΪʲôǺܹ֮㷢ı׾ںһԵںϡ⼸ǲܷ鰡ͷŴɰʵ׵ľʵ

ȴǰǣںǵ˵˰ɡ

˵ʲôѵǼ亱ǣںǵʣͷɴ۾ŵصʵˣͨ뺮ǹĸȷʵȳ˽չ٣ȴи㣬Ǿ޷һʥ߾簡һЩʥ޵ǿ԰ϴ̥ǡתΪ֮⣬

ʥ޵ǣҡͷȴ룬ˡǾĸֻҪܴﵽϴ֮Ҳһܹ̥ǣԼںǵʸΪһָӶصġǣʣǾڵ׶δ֮ἰһ֮ͨģǿһʡ

ͷûнʥϣȻĮνıвɰԵͷʾͣСݲӰ֮ģȷʵɿŰʥܳΪʦмԵġ

ղʱͻƼ󣬾ָһµͷʱͷǿˣǾ˵Сӣ֪Ϊʲô߼ʦᱻΪôΪ߼ϵʦ⹦֮ʱעκ⣬⶯γɣҲ˵ڴһȭ󣬲ҪȭָҪɵĿģֻҪԼ⣬ﵽϣ鵽еİᷢ⶯ӵԲһֲϵ

ĥž⣬Ȼͷôһ󡣶ʱ۾һƺһඥͶ˽ͷһֱǸ޷⣬һֲƼյĸо

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ͺǼһ㡣ûмκ·ȭɣʽãӴʱȭ⹦ȻʼԲҪӭʱһЩϸڣÿӳһȭ֮ʱ⶯ǶǶζ

һҵ״̬֮ԽԽøҲԽԽԽԽ˷ܣĸоȴԼƤ⡣ȻԼһֻʣã

ʱվһ߸ۿͷҵشһȭ仯ʼʱԵú·ԽԽζԽԽڵĸоÿһȭ仯֮ǹȭľؿʼһɿ񱩵ȡ

ߣʱͺһ¯Զһξʱܸܵǹɾ֮д׵ĸоһּΪǿЧĴ͸뱬ԡ

ͷƺЦЦ룬ӹȻǸѧŰϷֻǵôһ仰ȻܿЧҪһλСඣ

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ֱľ̲ס˸ټϸղŵҶԵľջ˲䡣ͷͻȻоּűĴ͸ԣһֱ޷ѣҪϢĴоʮֵıơ

֮£ͷ˼ԶŸоˣڳ֮нһ״̬ӡȵСӾӰȻϷҲܸоСͻʦżô֮У޵еһС̬

ͷ֪Ҳ֪ĹУΪѾ֪ٴһ̨ףͻʦǿ̧ӶһԾ߼ʦСֵȥˣ

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ͿԪΪӵǷĴǳɢһҹû˯ãǴЩ˯ȥϵ糯

ҲԵʣͿԪؾϳʱ޾ɵģǱʵ۷ˡ

ʵΪŻûϢáʱ״˵Щ强Ļ֮Щ̲Ķ

ȴʮɺϹٶһֱʧߵëƽʱϳҲӣûʵʹͣͿͷŻؾʵ۾꺮ůģкǲƽ̲סڵϴ˸ǷȴʵûصһۣϹٶǸư

Ⱥ֪Ϳ˧Żؾ;⣬ʵҲģԻϿ˯ڵϵı֣ȴҲֻǶЦ϶ѡ

ҲλϾƳϳʱȴʮֿĵģͿ˧ˣǾζ˳ϱȥ־Ƴˣһ뵽ˣϾƳͰβסеļϣʵۿԿ糯

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ջǳԶվ˳ټһˣû뵽ʵ۾ȻһͶȺǵ죬ȺǾ㵲ѣʲôʱȻĿŵԼˣ

Զ޾ެˣĶӣһֱڶԺĬĬţѹú޽Ķ

Ⱥӻʵۼ̬ϣҲóʵ׼Ҫӵͷŵζèһܲѡ

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ϵĴǣпʼѰ˼ˣʵ¶Щͷ᲻Ϊʴ֮ǰ׼ˣ

糯ڳ۷׷׵ؾͳ˴ͿԪ󣬲ųţྸͽסͿԪ죬ͬĶȥ

ֻͿԪûϵྸûص飬صͶԱ飬ϸѰ˽һȻͿˣ괺ͿΪ󽫾

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ӰǻϵСӸſͿԪбסЦǻϵˣֻҪǸүǣѪ˧ǿģôĺã򸮵ӵܣҪĹ

ྸ⽫óͿԪȻྸ˼ҲʹӦྸ飬ڸʵشһ˵

ͿԪӦྸڱһʱ飬ʵҲ⡣

ھǵĻȷʵЩƵҲǸƽһӣȻ󾲹۾ǵı仯׻鱨ӪѾﺮѩȡϵڲģһжת֮С

ֻҪʲôôǵǼ֮ȻҲһЩСͨЩСһһ⾩ĵϸ

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ǰɱ֮ʱӶϲһرعʱЧķʽɱԷΪĿġ

֮ӵ˼ʶһܴת

ǣ٣Ҳ൱ҪԼþ͸ͭƤһҿ൱֮ǿֶͨҪһɱϺѣȽϴʺҸѵЩλԸͼʦʿʱȫܹһɱǶԸ߼ʦ˽һЩЩνıɱԵЩ԰ˡ

׷ʵսԴ޼᲻ݵ

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˻ָΪһɱڳ֮ǿЧ֮󣬾Ȼһָһıɱһֳ뻯ľ硣

Ŀǣһָͷվʮ֮ˡҲᱻһָһɱ

ЩҪڷǾ˻ָҪﵽЧҪĵǳ֮ġ

Ȼ֮Ҳᵽ⻯ε˵ҲǽֻҪӵ㹻ǿ֧֮ţͨԽ֮ʱתһ״Ĺһѽһѵһ֧Ĺ

ڽں˻ָ֮˷̫֮ЩϣȻˣ˻ָ׷ʵʣǾɱ˵ĿģڱۣɱȻǶԣⶼǸơ

ҲǹִΪᵽЩķžͲʵãоʱ֣ʹñսôڱ֮ϣһѽһѵôӾͿԽ֮ǾתΪһ֮ʵʵĽôһﵽɱǿʮ

ҲΪʲôһλǿʥֻһͨȴܽһѺ۵ԭʵǱãʥǿĹͨصȭ⣬޿ƥеľͨų󣬱ҲʥΪһǿȭ⹥ơ

ҲΪЩ̵ʶЩڼǿ˻ָ֮˻ָɱҲԽԽԣ˺룬Ҳԭһңﵽڵס

Ҳζţӵ˻ָڳž֮ѾﵽСɵһֵزˡ

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УԶңһָͷһʯͷ׼ٵ֮ʯͷܵĳӰҲûǰһʱܷӦЧеɲǼ䣬ǿʯͷʹ͸ѿ˺ЧҪʱҪǿ

ҸҪǣ˻ָʱ䣬ͷŵʱ䣬Ҳǰһ룬һЧӵĳ治ףӶⷢɱͭģ

ʱѵ緹ʱ䣬˹׼ĸ׳Է

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µ鵽ڲܸ£ʱˣǸһߵң

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ЩӣһֱڲõЩҩƣȻЩҩƵζ˺ܲΪʦܹأҧ

ֱգЩ䣬ؽһҩƲ֮󡣾;һɻϮȫ֮󣬽žһɼȵı֢֪֮ľɼҪˡ

ǰͷζġȻȫʼЩӲڵһɹɺʼȫľ֮ӣһͷɾޣ·Ҫ̵ĻһһɹʹҲʼΧӿ

ʱűˣͼүүǸһĸѾ߾ʹҴ˽

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ʦֵͣƣʦõԽԽ죬ҺҲЩ١һɹůʱˬټоʼʦ־һֱο֣о

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ӣݵú˵Щʲôȥ̫̫֪ʡԼСǸ龫ֵĴСӣڶʲô˼

ɫЩɣ첽˹ᵽһֵܣĲɿʲô

ӳ˴˻Źг´棬ĲǷ죿

һɫ䣺ӣһ汣  ֪οģ

ӵ´磬һ  ܶôĿǿȵ˺ѷεʹСиҪͯⲡᴫȾҲκõģ

ģһһɨǷϣܣץסӵĸ첲ӣҡʲôĳʲôκĲƾǲ

ӵ´Сìʱ  Ϊһôµҽ˵ҽΪһЩܾΡżȻʶҽҲλҽκù첡   ܻλҽѧЩҽʶղſĲ֢Ų²ŷ첡

ĬȻˡ͸ìݼλҽܸ֮䣡¼ص

ȣӸɿһС˼ߵ  첡СҲΣ

Ѿ֪˵ʲôˣ£ץӵĸ첲ͷ·һһ

ӵ´粻Ҫδ˲ܵһҩмζҩģѲ  

ֻҪκ¾㷼ЭĲҩҲ񱨰취Ѱһᶨص

ӵ˵ͷʾһ£ӵرĸӾߵߣǰֳɵıīǧǾܣһűд˼ζҩġ

Ƭ̣дã´磬ĺ֬бԨʨҶȼϣϣŪÿõ¿İæ

µһֽӹ˿ȻˣϾͶǰݡһýæ

ӵ´磬㻹ú͹һ²ĳӦǰһһ½

ھ͸ҵȥ˵£µ֣ʹҴ뿪ȥ

ȴԾ֮УڵȺʲô

һȻ֮ʹҴŹС˽һӾ͵СдǴҩ  ֱЧ˸ҽɲڻǡ

ӵ´˵һһλѧִôȻаգβ÷ˣԸƽӾ˵κγͷ

ܿӣ˼á˱Ūƫ˸ضҽεĲ֢ʵڲսȥ  ȱĵһҲա

ŵãҾСһһκ÷ˣҹܵĶˣʲôҪֻҪҹܾ

ӵˣ´󼯾ΪĸԾһЩౡ֮ҲӦõġҩ֮£ùҷѴʱҿдһݵķӸĸã´Ūҩģſȥҽȥ

ܿ˹һۣ룬Ȼ㺣ŵѣѰЩҩĵĻҲͻһЩ˵Ļ  ׼һ¾̰ɣƾ١㶨£

һ״ӦɫһɣԸϻؾǣ׷ıǣ

ٴſдһŷӽʡⷽϵҩģڷãұ뱣ֹĸķзţջãʱ鱣ãһЩ˵£һƻ£ἰ

Ӽ֣˵ҪĳҪмǡⷽӵڼ䡣򲻵жϣȹֻ ҩǰҩżһʱ䣬ĸĲȬ

У̫̫ʱŹȸ˵һ˻ùȸһֱ͵ģĸһţҲһк

ܴ³󵫱׿ϵݹٴɶ̫̫ˣȻȸͶϣô¾Ͷ¸ӡѧиҪ󡣡

̫̫ܾȻôˬؾʹӦ˲سһۺ󡣱תЦеصֶڣ

һ⻰пЦղŻʱһ㲻棬ԼӦˡȻôͰȻĳд˵е̫̫ǵ¿ɶ£׿иᣬٲöŮ̷ѧΪ念֮գĳ Ů֮ʱϷΣ

̫̫һ⻰ȻˣҪȴȻӳգ۾ȻˡҲã¾ôȥҲϣֶŮҲտҼҲɣհóʱˣҲȸˣ

Ϸˣܼ̫̫ʹơŮ̫˸һֱ̫̫Ķ뿪

ȸû뵽׻Ӧ£ĽǳģҲдڴڵȹܺ͸֮󣬹ĸʣү  Ϊʲôת֮죬ͿҺ¶˵Щʲôˬȸ£

Ȳص˵ĲκãһλҽѧҽҲλҽΪ˪÷β˺һӣ׼϶ȥҩ

ġȸšҲĻޣɻһ̫ˣϿȥҩɣ

ĸˡЩȡͿҺҸղҲ  ȷʵǸڲͬĺӣ벻˱һȸ޸Ҳģ

ȸͬʱŴһǰס˹ȸȴߺŪˣ

ĸ˹ȸĽͺּȸȴҲ˵ЦģĸԵ

һ߾һĻĹܣȴĽһ̾ʡҹܳƶô޸ٳֲнգһԶŮ  ʬ ĳŹˣȴǷ࣬һ˽˺ܰĿ֣ҹ׶ٶҲûʲôˣͿӡϣķЧ޿

·ϣ̫̫Ʋ⣬ͽ˹ʣӶôǹˬӦµģ˵˵

ƱٶȷŻ  кʵҲĳǹĸĲ֢дҩѣ

ҩ̫̫ʮֺ棬 ϲ  ҩôǹôı⣿

˵㡣ظϸӹ˸ӣͲ˵ˣ̫̫ӣԸŲЩ

Ҳһ㲻Ĺһ˻صϣ̫̫ӽеҪʻͿԪڷܰƷŶͷ

ӽţͿԪ콫һƺºʡӣһ忪ϾƳ⼸ôû¸¿Щƺȣԭè˾ƹȻҴˣ̷ϾƳһ̳ģڳˣǾͲһ̳

˵ţͿԪֵ˱˳Եʮ;ʡôõľƣҿ洢ҲˣҺȥͷȣɴϾƳһɣ

һ㱻̵

йҩ⡣Ҫ鹹棬ֵܽǶаġܹ⣡

 һ 

̫ʣǰ顣ɽž͡͵ȾƲ˵ȻôСֻ˼һ

̫̫ٴηˣ˹ȥͿԪеľƺһѶ˹۾㲻ģ㵹ðҳҲʱ͵ȾƣСֻ˼һô£Ȼó 

ûû͵ȣͿԪɫ̫Ȼ̫̫ЦƷô̰أ

㻹˲ɣ̫̫󣬶˧һͷĺȳ⣬ɳ߳ƵԪ˧Ȼһ˴ĹѧһСֺ˰죬̫̫ա

̫̫ͣˣҪ˵Ȼ̫̫ݺݵص˧һۣҵĴȥ

ӳױ̵ˡ

֮ӶһĻȴָоʮֵУΪǰүү̾үүһѧʦȴ׷ܵ龰Լ£¶Ц⡣

СӣЦʲôЦͿ˧ʱоܶЦɰǳһ䡣

ûûЦѹֻ뵽ղŵ鸮׵°ˣ

ᵽ£̫̫ӣ˵˵㵽ʲôӣȻùӴӦ£

ʲôӾȻӦ£ͿԪһҲԵʮֳԾ

죡̫̫Ϳ˧һۣͿԪӾͲ˵ˡ

ĺЦȴţƽصǷκùĸķβģ

첡⻰ͿԪ̫̫ͬʱһ

ӼǳԾӣ͵ǹĸĲᴫȾģݵʱһλǰˣҽ棬ҸǰѧʱҲѧһЩҽԽڹ鸮Ͽ󣬾뷨

ǰˣͿԪӣ絹Ҳᵽһλָ£֪˭ʲô

ӵλǰҲ֪ΪӦʥΪָҺ󣬾ʧˣһ㶼ңҲ֪ʲô

䡭ʥ

ͿԪ쵽˿һ⻰Ƿݻɵͷп˵СӣȻܵһλʥָ㣬ǾӦúúðᣬҪ֪һλºеʥָ㣬ЩϿ°

ͿԪܿ뵽һ£ȻдķκùϵĲԹСĵԸô״Ӧ£Ҫ֪ҽףڹ˽ڳ͢Ƿͬ찡ûйǵģ

ʵӦ¡ǵҲкôӵ

ͿԪϸ仰ٽϴεǷƺ뵽ʲôСӣ£ʩڹܣѵȻΪ׼

ӵʵ֮սǿңôеĵƣҲӦûᷭһ֮¡ؽͻᴫྸҲ⡣ڳϿ϶ԴܵķӦҹʻô˵˽϶ȻҲҹ̸ʱϾͿ˵ʲôᣬ͵ûĻô˵ྸͻʻȡѹӪྸ£ǱҲػλ飬ǺܿҪĸˣ

ͿԪԣĿŹֵӣеľľСʲô¶뵽ǰͷֲүѩ

ǣѩˣСӵǻۡȴԽӼӵظ浽ֱãҲͿѡĳ·ȷġ

룬Ĵ鰴뷢չÿ 

룬ҪҴλϣҲΪྸȥ£ҪǻҲػôһػһྸвͬ뷨ǲһ˼£

ͿԪЩԻҲ֪СӺ«ʲôҩΪʲôҪػܣྸô룬ֻô룿

ӵҲ£ܣȴͦػྸ룬ӦӦҪͨʽ£ܣϹƻ롣ػȴڻػܣ֪ܲᱻྸ£ô͸¶⣬ȻҪ˼

ѵϾͲػܣ£ӪͿԪ

ӵǰöųҹ̸ܸǲ壬Ů²ǣãôҵĻػȻΪ£ܵӪǻΪ뱱ɵӪ

֪£ȴûйʵĴأͿԪ

ӵûйʵĴ㣬ô˵ڻϵƿ֮ڣϲĹܻᱻκһ£ֻǿϵ޷ҡʵ۵˼ʵۿ϶аУԶ٣ôճλӣ϶ǻʵҪĵһƣֻҲ֪ƻᱻ˭ӵ

ͿԪŹֵӵСӡ˵ϴһǸйصģôƲͲˣΪϾͶɵĿȱǶԶ޵ĶӶ

ԭˣƺ뵽ʲôɫһᣬЦЦ

ɶ˼Сӣ˵һЩЦʲôͿԪЦúܺ棬Ǿʹߴʵ

ӵ˵ĻϴƣȫйأǸйأһƣھжˣƻһ˼棬׼Ҫһϵˣ

ҪˣûɰͿԪ˼ص

ûнͣҲֻеһ²ˣȴ룬λʵ۹ȻλֶΡĵȻҷô൳ϵ֣¸ִĿ֮ȻǸһĵԲģŪþͻýɽ붯

ͿԪ컹ʣӲ˵ˣҲԲˣСӵ˼άԾ̫죬ó֮ҲѰʲô˧ٴӦ֤ྸѩشӵĶĵϷྸүһ̥££˵ҲҪѩĨɱˣδٷչȥһΪжԣԻһޱȾ޴в

룬˧ο뵽ǹ̥ͿдӣҲӹȻܴͿܼ߳ȥôϷ㺬ҲҪȷ⺢ܹ׳ɳΪ˼δΪǱྸΣ

һ磬Сѩ

ӵ԰ԼʱŸոʷ¾ʹӵǰ԰˵

û뵽ô֮ͣ󣬾ȥǰҡ

ҪԶУѾҰ׼ˣӽǰ󣬼һͷ´磬ô죬ѩ´Ҫ̣

µΪĲպת㺮㲻ôģԽ֮ůִӻʲôҪģ

ĩȡٷһ⡣л޺ۡͣ

 һ 

Ӵӻóһųнʱס ݡһдֵģ˳ȥ

˵ţӶʷµȥͿǵ˳׼һԶõİã

ʷӦһͳ˰

ӵ֡СҪ˵Ϸռ±ȥ´ھҪȥһ̣ͬ·ҲиӦԵ̣

µƾӷԸǣ

˴Լʱңִܳؼһλ鳰εˣһսʿǰŲմոռϢģྸҪѩ϶澩ԵˣЩǰõļλսʿڶྸγ˳ڶصѧϰ

λǵǰˣϢռҲĲӴǰϷѩ鱨֯ȡһפϷϤҲΪԺ׻鱨ӪϷǰ׼

ǵ֮󣬾֪Ҫ񽻸˹һۺ󣬾վһĬĬȺ

ʱߵһߣһֽ޻д˰ҳ֮Žǵ˵ݣμȰϷϤȻչżԺ½ ȥ㣬ǹǱʲô˵飬ͨķŻȻаţ

ʹǵӹ֮󣬿һ©һĵؾ

ʱ˹λҵ  ҲҪȥݣһ·ͬС·Ҳи㾮Ժٷָĵطִǡ

ǵһǽͶ鷳ǵܣ

أǵ΢΢ͷӦ󣬱תͷӵүɻҪ½

ֻдֽϵü ˵֣ʱŸ˽ǵӹ󣬿˹һۣ;һĬĬȺ

µֵܣȻˣڱ  ƲڸϾˣ

ӵͷͳš͵ſ  һСȺ򣬹Ҫǵͬǵƴг±ǣһƥǵǵʻֶ

磬Ӵ·ʱһæҪͿԪլȥסνһ

ӣʱ帮ҵС˲ע⣬˸һֱûл帮˼ת忪ԵͿ˧¡

һȴѰ˼׵߸мŮ磬Ӧ֪뿪Ǻ󡣾׷⡱ҲãΪҲһںִ˿꣬ĳ忪ϾƳ˸⡣

ȥ֮·ϣ뵫Ը¨ŮһƬ顣

תһ룬ɯӰͻȻͷԴν֮ʹĥԼȾνŵֱҪȵԼǿӵྸʵһز𵫶һ컵ң˵Ȳ

ص󣬽ʱͼͿ߿첽Ҳױ֪£͵˵ȣͿ߽ɵ簵ţΧõһ־ң¼֪ĸȷ

ΧһԭΪߴˣϺɣ벻㣬뵽ϴʮıӳѵҲǧŵΧ

һ뵽ϴԼﵱͨ鱨ö֮赽¥ֻ¼ԷȻϽ֮һ ǶЩ˼ͷҶƴʮʧأʧ 

һϵе¼ϵӲɵ˿ⴺ¥һйء¥Ѵͼи̽ʵ¼ϵһô˵пűһ

ϸ룬ʹһôϴͨɶᱦĽ赶ɱ¼åֵ¼  º벼ɱֵĴɱ¼ͨºĵһǣʢѩ¥ڹ̬¼ôһоʹҲܺý

˵һϵ֪ԭ뽭Ϸ硣ôҲųıûжԸĲһƵýҹӺȥԲֶ

Ȼһϵô ǲѺۣһӦòֽ֧ϣྸϵܣܿôСɫųôֻһˡ⽭ϵ

Ȼϵô̬мҪ鱨ȻΪЧ룬Ǵ¥ǻһݵ

ӽͿߺ裺ɸΧǣô㴫ŸͿ壬صɵĶ⽻䣬Ǽӿ¼°Ḷ̌شƴɱûзֳʤ֮ǰϽΡ  ʼʳܱߵһЩСչ׳һᴫŸ½ɱӪҲɼλֱֻԮ  Ƹ°ҽˣõһˣ

ǣͿӦѸ뿪ȥˣ

Ӵҵóһֽǰдһţ֮󣬵̺ú󣬱㽫Ͳ߶һ򡣷񷡣򱱷ʧ

磬˼Ŵлͱ ˣѾߵǰȥԷ

ߵʱͿҴҵҵάһֽ裬үҪϢСǱߵ˴鱨Ӫһģ

Ұ㣡ӽӹֽ֮󣬾ͽϼĹ컹ûвɾӾͳţͱݸͿʱȳԵǸȥٸ֪սʿ˳ϸһ·߱߳ԣ̡

Ϳӹͱ֮󣬾ͱ߱߳ԣѸ뿪

Ӳ졣صҵɳʡдһ˳һˣȥ֪޼ֻ ܣǰɽµǵĹصѾѡˣԻ½ȥӦǣ˰бǣԷ·ʲô⣡

ԺӾţڹƱʵ˻һѸٵشӺ԰д˳

˼ǣƱȻԼ߶

ȡϵװ֮Ľξؼ  أƱԽԽԴˣʱȻ֪ʡ߶ֻ֪ʱٳһЩջݱʲôӣעҾĳԼһɳĺû顣

˸ʱͿλ׻սʿѾȺѾ󣬵

˺һ뷭֮󡣾ѸŽֿüӱų˳ǣһһ㣬һܾʻǰ

лڡʿҳ֡δ֪Ρ½ Ҧ½ضרһ߳Ķ

 һ ߲

ٵѩزֵĳѹŻЩطѩǣֻһЩǳӡ˵Ľӡ

ʱ̤һѩۣɢƮѩ䵽ӡ֮󣬱㽫ڸǡ

ݣݣݣ

ʱѩ׵ĹٵҰ֮ϱţһ̺֮ϱŵӵĳɫһ·۵糸һӰ

һȣһɫ磬ӭƮҡ˳졣ټƱëɫǸ缲ʻױϵɫųɫëɫĺǰһѩױعСȥ

붬Ŀ̺פ㣬ܾǴջ¥˯ůѱŮȥˣҲͺٹˣʹһͷ˯ߵһʧȥ˻ǰ֣ԵЩġ

һʻϺ󣬷Żٶȣδͣ

ϸ̣ͷձñֱ£ſ˫ֻ۰Ͱ͵⼸˵ĵСεĿСһǵΣ䵭·

һֱʻǼһǰӱͣͿ˵ͷͿ뿪Ӽȥ

Ҳ󣬾͸ӾŽǼݡ

㣬㲻ˣô

ӽ˲ݺλݵСʱɴ۾Ų˼ӡƺҲкˡ

Сһۡεе㡰ζܿɰɨɨݣλñѲڣλŶңëƤĲͣȲеֵ⾳ֻǿòҲᡣ

˸ºӵôͲˣ㻹ȥôҪ

ŶСѹãǸӵĴͭ屭ڵ衣

һ

Сȴˣ͵屭ΣҲټƽЩ

òСźҲû߿һĴ۾ʹɨɨȥԵúԻ룬ϴβôôôȫҿϴЩ̫һˣǸ

ϸϸƷŲ裬ܰؽǱ°뱭󣬼СﻹվһߵԼƣתͷǳˣϣ

ɶСعӱлٰ뱭ĿɵԲԲģƲȥûˡ

ӵȻһ裬Ɑ軹δȹ⣬㲻ҪȵڶֻҪһˣûݵĹءôʹã

㣬㣬СһڽƱ磬˵ȷʵҲȴ֪磬ö˶Сţݺݵۣһȥ²Ҳˡ

ӼȲ衣

λ׻սʿûǸʲôƷȺãǱֻǵˮһһ֮󣬷²豭;һߡ

ԼһҵĹʱͿ˽£ӵ˵ͷҪһСС죬һͿͿҲһһͷһں˶ǣŲʲôò衣

ŽǱ꣬²豭󣬱Сˣ

ġСʵС죬ƲҲӡ



ͳһСȴָС۳롣һһ˦ԶԶض˹̨ϣǮҲࡣʣµĲˣ

˵ţӾվҪţСȴתվסģţ

ûվסһ仰Ʒ뿪ıӰȴʹţеؼһɶﳯݺ壬ӸһļĲǮʲô˼ôѽ

û𻰣еĶλеһλЦСܷĲǮ˼˵˺ȵĲ裬Ǻǣ

ʲôȻ˵ҲȲ裬д´βҪñ￴㣬ߺߡСҧгݣݺݵסСȭͷ

СͻȻ뵽ʲôתֵĲͣ㣬ô֪ҽСܷ

ʱλ˴ݴҴ˳λһñӣ·Ǹϴһ󣬾ߵеĶλǰȭ裬֪ϼ١ˡ

񵶣㻹ǸӰЩ굹ί㣬һֱλ͵żֻ䣬ο˵ǷâЩ굽డ  

ϣǲǸóˣɫЩܵصЩꡣһֱڵһ쵽

Сܷʱ˹λ˰죬壬ѵǾҪȵˣ

Ұһ¼ѩס

Ǿ򲻵һһܾûסСԺݶѾѩǣԺǽդҲǹ˪

ԶҰĴΨһСɽ䲻ĿȴԵúͻأ

ʱСԺͣżƥԺ̰ͻȻð̣ʼ

Сһ·糾ͣ·ɫԵЩƣ˫ֳһյð뿪ˮغȡů

ϴεļ֮˲ŻָžʹԶεجģǽˣȲԻһϵе¼ϵͷϾͷ·һŨŨơ

δڵһɷսʿ뾩ǴһȽԶΣΪȥʱ߹峤ۣԶǣ輰ʱȳãͳпܻøɱڵıҽ֡

ǽԶĵС츳ߣͱͻݼѧ䣬ʮʱͳΪ弶ʦ˺ص

ج֮󣬱ϴеҶɱͿһ˸ףνԶֽΡһѱȵĳ뱯ȡβȰ뾩˽ȽԶһĿģǾɱйߣȥˡ

潭뾩λɷսʿⶼǽ֮ĿǰɷսʿеľӢƽʵ߼ϣһλ壬ĿǰǾżʦ۷ʵҲ˺֮ʣ߼ʦŻɱһССӣЩ˵ʵ㹻ˡ

˻ɣ

ʱͻȻһ˻òŽݾ͸æȻһһֱû˾סӣǽϵһʱϢĵطƽϵһλ˴Ϊɨƽʱġ

˻ȻվɷսʿҲȫ䱸ʱһλߵڣ濴һۣɫصصǵٻǱ¶ˣ

ѵĲǽӦǵˣ˵ţš

⣬ͼʱ˾ˣһꡣżµƽӡⲻ

лͽаǡͣ

 һ߰ ѩ

ͺһеĺɷսʿСԺ䱸

˫۾ȴص⼸˵У£ɫëɫ׷Ȼλ֮꣬дޱŨҵɱ⣬Ҫ

Ѿϳ˴˭ǾǺϴηһȫûԼж岮شδүүΡ˵ףҲҪɱĿһӣ

ֹǽʱ˫Ѫ죬һɷսʿʱҲţ۾ɵüˣͻҪѣдżȵĳɱ⡣

ɷսʿذβ뽭벼ɱУߵλ˼ʦʱҪ˺ĳޣԺʶֻ֮һͷ

Ǿǣɱɱɱ

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˵ţһ֣׻սʿٶȼӿ죬ʽ

ӵĻ֮󣬸Ѫͨ죬ȫѪҺʼ·

ʱļڿҵʱȴͻһ֣ͣ

ھԷвٲԶľ룬ƱͣһվſڣȭͷգĿɱĽ죬ĮصһνţƺҲ̧̫ˣӦ˵߹ҲǽҪɥ˵صһȺѣ岻Զٹ

⻰ҵһˣʱѪҺٴμӿڵٶȣÿȭͷյը죬Ҫȥ˺˶Է

λżʦڴ˸ȴͻȻ޵һ˿Ծζ ﲻԣ˵֮һܵΣյϢƺǡ

Сӣ

λɷսʿ˿ѾҲ̲סмȵĳɱ⡣

ѪѾӿȫڵҪǱŭһ֮󣬴һȫľ͵һ˳ǵϱȵѩ ƺһ˲俪ʼڻڳ

ãλżʦͻȻѩڻٶƺе̫죬һ

λ˼ʦʱѾȵķߺȡĻýȥ

ֻǵһξʱȴͻȻоʼţԾɫ䡣

ɾʱͿ˵ǹһ˿ʱЦŰ˼ʦȫսٵشԾһԾȭϮ

ǰ˼ʦɫ֮Ҳ˲ôֵۼͿϮٴδһһȫóɱսһԾȭӭȥ

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·ޱȾ޴ĸڷһ֮ʣֻΧѩĽûʱͱΧľ˳飬ܿͻһ

˫֮ԿһѰѸֵڶԿʱЩĴĽѩҲһѰһļ׶һ㡣޼ɵسš

Ϳ˵壬ʱͷ·ѩ֮УѩĵطӰΧһƬףɫѩҲ˵Ϳ˵Ӱ

ѩӵе ѩڣ

ǿͨЩѩܺõȻΪһ壬ҲͨЩѩΪԷɳ䲻׵˺

ҵǸ˼ʦһ£ԲͬȼѩѵĶ֣Χޱ߼ʵѩΪͿͨЩѩڷŶͷųľΪõĸֶΡ

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һǿǿԿͿ˹Ӱó֮ʣǸʦڶһǵķ·ѩɵľȭ֮Ϳ˵˿ͻȻĲ౳λó֣˦ѩڵ츳Ƕ񱩵ľӳǧ˺¬ȭĿԵһǵذǿϮ

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ʦ޷ǻӰһǿϮȭ⾢ıǽʵذһشһһѪȾƮİѩ

䣡䣡䣡

ͿѩûĻӰһľȭһڽʦϣ˾Ƕߵķһ㣬ѩ֮УƮȻصӲԶһѩ֮ϡҲûϢ

޿֣֪԰оżʦҲ˿κι˼ɵԭѩǿ츳ڱѩ֮Уθ߳ǺܶĴֵ֣ܵ

һ˱ԷᵼɱʱѪͨ죬Ҳ̲סȫǷԽԽҵѪļˡͬˣ·ӶûйѪڵһּµĸܣǺ뷢йһͨ

ɱɱ

쵽ǳһ֮󣬾һᾢҪλżʦǿ԰ס

壬ſңҪɱǣѪ۾Ҫ˳𣬴ʱоٲйҪǷڵѪű塣

ʱϣȡһƣеغһڣĽ죬˵߹һ㶼ûɱѵȺⲻʮľ붼Խȥɱ𣿡

챻ǿ԰סʱ˲ܱסǴʱǳĻ׵ĻŭˣʱѾʧȥǣȫڵѪҺƺѾʼ

ڣһ̲סһͳɱȥ

棬㳯ʮһӾȺóĿǵЩ׻սʿ˹ȥ

ҪȥһСթ

λ𣬿ѾûȥĻˡ

ӿǱĺɷսʿƺͣͿɡ˸ѩڼ޽ʽɱͿߺ͵ϮΪͿ˶סǸżʦסֹʵʩԮСӣˣһڣսپ

򵥽нúת֮һĨ⣬

֮ͿɡѸٷɢγһεʽʼǰƽͼƽ֮ʱΧѩƺһ㣬ʼһڶԷž֮ʱͻȻ㿪ʼڻγһ

Ϳߺɶˣǵٶȷ·ιһ󼲷һ㣬Щ֮ʣѸٷһӰ֮У뽭ȷȥĺɷսʿһ

Ʊٶȷɿ죬ֻһ֮󣬱һƹѩֵսţ㳯ӵȽͿ˲ûӰʱӵ֣Ǳѩ֮еѩһʮֹ졣

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ۼӳȴһֱĿеıŭѾﵽ˶㣬Ұްͺһ

Ϯ֮ʣԶһɶԶľʱ֮ţƱһ󣬷£Ƕ׾ХȽ

һҲʹõǱɱսȭ֮תľһɹ޵Ĳˣһһӿǽӵеһ츳  ز

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ݽʲꡣԴͿ϶¡Ȼܹ֮࿹⣬ǻԼͿʱġ

͸Ϳӵܻڴﵽʦ֮󡣴ᱻѿ츳һӵҲӵǴаеһ츳Ǿز

زҪˮһᣬ֮УȴԺһдĳһһʮ㣬Ȼ޷һҪ˵ܵ粨˰صӶľϮ֮󣬻ɺصˡ

ϴˣǳԵزĿͷ

б⽭ҪҲ˸һʶĿǰ뽭ʵ൱ҲͿӵ츳뱬־ںγɵı׾ɱز֮䵽ǿ

ʱز󺣷һӿĿ񱩾ˣӵı׾ܷپһУݻһеĿ񱩵֮

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ˮľ֮УʱΧĿһ˺Ѱ졣ΧѩڱɲǼѸںϲһεεˮ

֮ĵϣѩڻٰӿ죬ÿһʱϵѩˮѸ¶ǴʪأһȥǱչĽӡ

뽭콻֮ʣӻιıɱһǣʱŲȷ粽ĺȭѸٺһǱ׾

ȫûϵӾȻǿʱоͺǱһҲ壬زݺݵӭǲһһһȭͷ

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֮ʱͬԵľĳڶ˽ӵļ϶֮бһǿĳϲϡ

ĸ첲򴦵·ʱǾҸ˿һƬڣ¡һ±ѿƮڿУ紵ҶƮ¡

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زҲһöԷ̫ܡ

ǽ컹ǵ͹Ż֮Ȼǹزڵһײ֮ʱѪ£ǵڶȴ֮࣬⡣

Ҳ˵ûƳӵĻ徢һ׾ز֮ӣ֪ںϱı׾ҪȽϵزһΡ

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ʱͻȻӵ˲䷢˼ı仯ͻȻе㺮ϮⲢĺ䣬һַ·Ҫ͸ͷּȵı

ǼȵǺ֮СȴȻһҲܲȵĸоϢ֮ʣͺһֱ֯硣

Сӣˣɣ

ӵͺһ֮󣬴ʱһȭ֮Уű׾Ŀ񱩡֮ں֮׵һıʽǿڵһ챬

һϢĸоͷ·ǱӰסһ

ʱס˺ҪȫزֵһıըԵľȻ֣ڱڵһɼȵıϮ֮ʣ˵ͺ񱻱һжȻЩ

ڵһȭͷܵ˫ȭм´絲

ȴ޼µġ

оͺڲһɱըԵϢһȼⲿֵǹɱƺļѹ֮£·Ҫһ

ۣ

һȭصƿķ⵲֮£һڴŨŨѪһŵѪ

Ѫ˲䣬оԼƮҲƣڿзɰɣ

֪յֻ֪ļȰ裬ڸ˴ۣ

ۡǰĴۣڻһ˿ʶһʱ˻ںޣ

Ƴһšرǵͷظɱڴˣ

죡

һƮ䵽ѩϣѩȾ˴ƬȴһֱûĽ죬ʱеĺɷսʿ뱯

һػýڴˣɸͬɷսʿޱȾҵľ

ʱǵԺ֮һݵĿհף׷ڿʬ

ɱ

ôܷŹôһǧѷĺûᣬɵ˽֮󡣶ȻһͳͿ˹ȥоۼֱ֮֮С

Ϳѩ츳סλżʦڿҵʱͿ˽˻ᣬѩڻӰȭʽ𣬶ʱ˷ѩ۳ɵſѩ򣬵ȴ˸ղЩɷսʿǵǿ

䣡

ǽ岻ǾżʦͿһϣһѩȭϮʱ˱ǿľ޺һһ󲿷ֵĻѩȭĻѩȭʱȻδѪҲᣬűŭľһؾͳͿ˱Ϯ



ʱӴʱͿһѺ󣬺ĬǾżʦϮֿյ֮˵ӰѸٵѩ֮С漴һƿ֮ٿһ㳯ǾżʦӰ



õһ˻ָʱǾżʦʱؿͻȻһѪӿʹӰͻȻһͣĹ仺ȴȻǿ

Ϳ˽˵ıɽѩþȭִһ㣬صغڴ˵ı󣬴͵һѪһġϲȴǿϮ



оȴ˵ǿǾżʦҲֶԷƴĹͷâ˻ָһҵľǾżʦĹƼҲâʱ

ڶԷĿһʱҲ˲ʲôǱ˺ˣ͵ѩһ

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һξʱһ죬ǿյرǿ񱩵һرһӣ䵽ӵϣͺǱһ㣬ʹ

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ŵ˲䣬Ȼ뵽ʲô䶯ŲѪ촽˵˾䣺ԭ죬壡

ͣʱͿ˼вȻûзɱĻᣬһαϮΧѩþľȭܼһ㣬صػ

飡

Ǿżʦ⾢йѾûκηԡʱͿ˴ϵܼľȭһɹڵں֮屬ΪѪꡣ

ҵƱɡ

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ɷսʮС쾮ӻɱ󡣽ӲšʵǿľżʦͿ˾±ɱʹڿཻսĺɷսʿǵʿ׵ĵ䵽˼㡣

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ѩصĳ֮Уѩ츳ȷʵʮֵĿֲʣµɷսʿ֮ѾҪͿ֧Ԯ֡

ӴѩͿ״˵ͷ˵ʽһȭѩ֮ʣ˻ûѩȭǵϮȥ

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ʱҲûսĴ㣬ſӦ£˳ٸͺһˣ

˵꣬ӴڣƱɱӹŹֵسƱһۣаԾù죬ƱʲôӵǱˣǻʵӣƨɺ棬ͺƱյСһ˸оܹ졣

ǵ£Ҳô࣬Ʊʻֱ֮ӷ׼ʻֳ

Ĭʱһĵ׵ͻȻԶһֱ뵽ӵСӣô㣡



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ͣȻޱȵ𾪣ӻǺܿ侲һ־Ʊͣ׻սʿһͣ

ӾĿȥͼϳķһڵ˸ֻգۼĹǺڵ˸ľѾڰٲ֮ڣһ䣬Ӱӱӵǰ

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λҵĲʱΧɨһۣӣ벻ŲһĹ㾹ɱôˣлû

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Ǽӻû˵ڣȴϵ֪ͺãһˣƺǣϲϲ

оɺʵʲôרǲкȲģ˵Ļôʵ۸òҪˣежưʵ۷ǳĲ򵥰  

ܿٴǼһǰڣתͿ˵ǻװǰľ¥ ٲ£

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ǣͿ˵Ӧ֮󣬸ֱϵĻѪ֮󣬴ϵİȡһµĻϣʻ˲ݡ

Ҳ·˲ݺ󣬴ʱλݵСȴͻȻӹ̨˳һֲָӵıӾӣȻ˵ĲȲ谡Ųű

ӣûȴݿ֮вûлʵ۵Ӱֵسǰһǰںδѽ

ȥŰա˵ţһȥ

ӸҪ˭֪СȴһֻСһһͻȻſڡŭɣС㲻ȥ

ŶȻˣӸɴͷһǰϰ壬ҿˣ裡

ûУСｫͷһƫ

ֲϰ壬ûиС˵ʱֳϰ壬ûвˣȸˣ

˵ţӾվ׼뿪ݡ

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ߣܷС죬ʵغһǿͣԵʮֿɰ

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ӽ֮һҵſţֱӽǼң漴ꡣһӦرգҲκ

֮УͼʵѾժˣ¶һ֮豭ںȲ衣

ӱȭһǰٻǰ֪ʲôԸ

ǰʵһ㽫ȽеĲ˳²豭ȴǹЦ˼ĳƺϷкܶ궼ûôƺˡ

ӼʵҲԳϷ򣬶ʱ;࣬ǰͽ̣

ʵ۵ϷѵϾȱ裬ȴСڸɱˣϷǺ棬ΪҪɱЩˣ

ӵһڸ˿ϵľżڱ𽻼ӵ·϶УѾıˣƫƫͷȴһֻȸ䵽ľżͷϣľżΪܹ˳߹˿ȻҪɱֻȸУȸ䵽ͷϣľżܻܿʧȥģӸ˿ˤȥ

ΪľżΪȸȤؿӡ

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һ˵ʵȻʲô˼ͷȻľż߹˿ɱȸȻľżΪʲôƫƫҪθ˿ɣѵûб·ô

Ȼб·ߣһߵıѩأһһףǱѩڣһϨ𣬷·ߣӰ

ʵһȴЦˣ˸ľżһӣľżô죿

ÿܵʮңϲȥʾƼҲһѰλֵ֧ܽԮϿҵƼƱ

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ҲЦ ˣܼ򵥣ľż߸˿ʱǰٵһӣôõĻᱻ׽ ϣȻ϶Ҫץסӣ˳һֱϵΪľżʱ뿪ǽʱܻҪĸ˿ 

ʵѾ˵һľżʱҪ뿪ǽظ˿ʱôͻӣͳľżľݡ

ؼǣ˭ľż ʵ۲ʣȴ˼ı糯ϷǼ֮ĹǲζţľżѾ˱-뷨Ҫı·ˡ

ʵ۴͸¶ѶϢУҲ׽һЩͻȻӵȻľżȸôǲǻ֯һȸݽȥȻɱȸȸô׾ͷ 

ͻȻСĽ ҲҪʱĻһֻȸĻûбҪһȺȸĻûǲе 

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Сӣ⾹ת֮죡ʵаԸһ䣬Ҳûپ⣬ʵҲ̸⣬Ϸһ⣬Ŀ

ǰֱԱǣ

ʵ۵һƹģӪһҿջӣӵеһ̳ҿջĲҵвʣһЩֶݼҵôã

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ʵ۵ƹָô죿

ͷˣʵЩҲ֪ô˼ ģһʲô¶Ļʵ۵ĻҲڶ൳ϵȴȻά̫ƽֿʵۣЩͬʱҲڿԼ

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ʵۼ ˵ںȲ裬ͻȻʣ裬ô

һ㶣漴˵ܺã

ֻǺܺãʵۿ˵

ӵܺþ ԼܣûбģȻȥʺȹ˵ãҲ˵ã

ʵаԵͷ룬Сӵһ˼롢ˣҲǸ͸˼ˣֲûʵΪƲˣҪѩشӡ

ǻʵܰȱ̫԰ˣûļϸµؿӣûзϴڵʵȫ ԲÿȴΪһɫԱǱʡ

ǺǣѩСӣСӵĻѩصסģεˣΪСʩӵӰ죬ѾѾ˶ҡôõĻᣬô״

ȥɣʵûӻ뿪

ӽеĲ꣬²豭ȻЩĪȻȥʣȭһ֮󣬾뿪ҡ

ʵʱ죬ԴӵЩ˵ʲô

ϣСӵųʷȷʵӱҲЧĿУ˼ҵѡЩū룬ʹС֮󣬼֪뷨ҲԸõӦ֤һ˵ӶǷֵ 

ʵ۵ͷ˵ĲϷ˷ӣ뽫ĥһѷĽҶ·ϵϰȻˣôӽԺھеЩãҲûбҪټӹ۲ˣҪʱи踨ɳעϷҲ Ĳ 

˵ţʵתͷһֱ˵һ仰ƺڵĿ񵶣˵񵶣㶯ȥӪսʿǰᰵнӦҶϣĵԳ 

ɫЩܵص

壬ءʱͻȻһ޺ţɫһ 䣬š

󣬿ȴܷȻһϣʹͣŤҪѣ񵶲οЦ ܷ㲻ҪСӣͲڳԿͷ˰ɣ

ɰڴ򲻹һҵ Сҧгݣߺߵ˵š

񵶸Сɰ֮󣬰С滨ǽ忴Ҳܻ ֣ƺѣ

Ҵ򲻹ҲõҴߺ Сʮֲص

񵶹ŹֵؿСܷΪʲôܵ

ǾǸݵؿɶһ˵򲻹Ҳ ԾҪ˵¶磬

С˵ţͻȻЦ۾ҶεСϴһɰСѣټǿͣɰˡ

 һ˶ 

ɪɪѩ裬Ϻֿʼѩ     ֮УѪ˱ǵϢСӹʵĺХ֮һ

ӴʬŽӲѩϣѾѩڸǡ

ѪѾ̣ѩڡ

ͬ򶷵ĺۼҲⳡѩû

ʱٵԶʻѩ֮УͺǼƿεֱָ񱼶

ʻǰһ˾˵Щڸǵʬ壬ԼһЩʬ֮Ĳ֫壡



һݵı𣬴ʱ¼ŵѩأѩĿҰҲֱݵİ

һеУһλѩë磬ͷһѩñòţ˿鰧Ůµ档

һ֮󣬾һ˵һ߱ѩڸǵʬǰɨȥʬϵѩտϤĽӲףҲ̲סŮӱסʬ壬һݴޣ죬ܵܣ˭˺㣬

ʱһ֮Уһλ£磬ͷñɫʹµ

ھǰĴɨһۣЩ̽Ǻ鵽ʲô

һλʿЩȵˣʱɫҲЩ԰ף˵ЩҺɷսʿʬѾӲЩ¶ȣƶϣʱڰʱ֮ǰЩϵˣܼǱüǿȭΣеı壬˵ԷʵʮǿЩ֫Уһͷ­ǿλżʦ

żʦ壿λɫݣЩЩֵУλ֣˭ܽһλżʦУ״ң

˵ţ꿴˵ֵʲôΪʲô֮ǰɱˣĸڳ˴©˷

˵ҿӦյ鱨г˲ǲŴݸ;˱ţʱҲܣЩ˳ǵ֮ǰ˵֣ھǣһĿܣ

ŭ֮ʣʧѵǱ򸮵ˣͿϣ벻˭뽭ޣ

ҡͷһ¹ʷܶȻͿϣ˵ûκεҲųΪĿǰǱҪһ£ǾЩϢʲôй¶ȥģǵڹº

ʣ㲻Ϊҵܱܵѵҵܾܵôװ˲ɣŮʱʬ壬˹ɫĵꡣ

磬ҲʮѹҪ侲һ£Ҫܵҵ˭һҪӳ飬ѵҪǾ˺çײɱϱ𣿡

缸ҧ֮дѪ˿ҽ޸㣬Ϲۣүүëбܿĥ㱻˿ڡӪȣˣҵܵܲҲҪӳ飬ãӽҷ޶

˵꣬籧Žʬ壬Ҫȥס磬侲һòá

һޣݺݳϺ󣬴һ˻һȥƬ̼ʧѩ֮С

ǶȥϷˣݱţ˽Щʬһ£ᣡεؿǷԶĹµӰһۣ˰š

תٴγЩʬ忴һۣ̾ϴδ£ˣһϵеĳش»ýϳ׵ʧȥʵʩϣ·Ҫͷ𣿡

ʱ֡ӴͿ˵ƲŴص

£ͿСι۲һҲ֪˽Ӧʲôˣ벻ǽԶŮ߳ϡ

£оջǺܴģ⽭ҵλţĥһһˣͲŽͷ転ȥ ǻ̵Ļô˵ûд⽭ϵĵߣٲҪǼˡ

ʹʹ˷

صУдһţݣܽϻ᲻дһŻȥͿзС

ŷߣʱʷ½ԺӣվſڣСү޼ֵѾˣڻͣ

˵꣬ʷִӻȡһŽӵǸոմţ

ӽӹţ½׻д ᵽɱӪӸѼ꣬Ѿͬʱ䣬չѸ͡

֮УЩ֮䣬ȴᷢһЩСͻе겻֪ͽ׻ɱӪʲôǿ̿ϸʽУѾԹ˲½ȻڰЩԺҰЩ̣ܽʮأ뾡򳤴ȥ롣

ӵüͷ½̶Щ˼Щλ

Ҳܹ½̣½̱ѪƣڰҸЩʱӦԣںȱⷽϾЩɱӪǣͻڷǳҪһλʦǽʹǾΪɱ֣ĻҲкܶ

Լȥһ׻Ӫˣ̲ݻ

֮Ӽ¿

ݣҪͽĿǰȥĻӣЩܳԿ࣬ҲܷȴҲһǳҪ⣬ЩڽܵʽУλͻȻ䱻츳

ֻѵ츳ЩοƣС˵ˣʹЩ䷢һЩСͻҲǱ뾡һ⡣

ŵ½ᵽѾյ˹ɱӪĵһӦʣҲӸѡһλǰָ츳ĿƼ仯á

ΨߣڲƺһЩ磬ȥ˼Σ֮⣬Ҳûа취һλʵָЩ츳ϣϵ峤лһ¡ȡս⡣

ſ֮һѽ飬ȭͷգܿðһ̻ɻҽɿԱ߾ʷµȥͿ鱨Ӫ˻ϵѩһҪ ˳ͿߺͿ׼һ¡˰ιãҾҪţ

ʷ¸ղŹ۲ӵɫ֪Щ֣Ҳҵһ·žȥˡ

ûнݣֱתլȥˡ

լͼͿԪǰץģʱᳯϷŵһۣȻٳ̫̫鼸ۣвһЦ벻λ˧Ǹ޹ϰ

ӽͿ˧ƺ뵽ʲôеӣϴεһֱûףүȼ

ЦЦʹͿ˧Ķ˵˾仰

ʲôˣͿ˧ţһЦʹ죬ȻˣǾ͸Ӧúȼףһˡ

лֹ¡Э֧֣

 һ 

˧ÿ챻̫ţֻܺȰһ

⼸ʵڲĲУѰ˼Щʲôʹһأ벻ץ֮ʱӾʹһޱʹĺϢ

ҵĵеǸСˣһˣ

λŸɱҡ֮УͿһĵĺϢ

̫̫ϢҲóԾҿôԼСͷӣôͰѽϵʮֿеڵһһˡ

ΪͿϽнϴľ޴вֵһ£Ҳ˧⣬˼

˧̫̫Ӧ͸˶Ƶġ˷ܵͨ죬ȵҲǳ񫡣

䡣뿪Ǽյ飬˧붼ûؾʹӦˣ˵Ҫ˧ע֮󣬾뿪լ

·ϣ˸ѶͿ

Ϳү鱨ӪѾϵѩصѾźˣүǰ漴ͿʹӶ˵˾仰

ӵͷ󣬵뿪⼸죬һаƻʲôʮҪ鱨ҪҹĿĻǾͷźõָλáʱԻȡ

ףͿӦ뿪ˡ

صͿߺͿѾױ׼ˣڵȺˡ

ӵ֮óƤߺһӦװߣ־һױ֮˾ʹӺų˸ܿʧ˽֮С

ǵı߻֮أ̾ﶼС

ͿͿ˸Ļ˸װ󡣾˼һεڱĽͷβ

ֻߵ·һЩ֮Ǿÿһ·Ĺ䴦ʱﶼһƽʱСͿѼȥ̫ע⣬ʵȴļǺš

룬һСͿһļǺţټ׻еһЩرţ磬֪һ簵ţ˭ܿЩִ׻ģ

ԼһҵĹӸǽϵһǺšҵ˱λõһӣȻйɽĽ˰¡

ͼš֨ѽһ򿪣¶һСĿɰСԴ۵ʲô˭

ҵˮ׻ˡӵ

ҼҵˮûлѽСкǲ⣬ʱԺһˡСк˻ȥȭһˮߴѿʯ룡

ӵͷȴǰѰ˼׻鱨ӪˣȻмҴڵġҲûж;Խ롣

ӽ֮󣬾ߵߣϵı򿪣ߵΰһءʱ¶һڡ

Ӵڽȥ֮˴Լа㲻Ĺ򣬾ʹĸųһ񻧼ҵСԺĳʱһλڵȺɨһۡ⸾Скм񣬵ܿλŮӣһˡ

˵Ĵ£˳˳һŽһʽȺŽԺ

أ

ӲŽʱͼһֻѩеؽкһ˹ʹӵȣʮǡ

λŮɱɴ۾ԵúܾȣҲԻôһλİҲȣô£

˭ԶЩʡ

СٶһĿɿڴ֮£ϵƤ˺ºٶС죬Żع͵صԭǹӣֲñ뵽ģ

ʱһϮȹѩ˳ɫ֮Щϲԡ硣

ѩ˸Զ˲󣬲ŵôҪСŮӣ֪

мʮҪ£ҵ˴ߵӣĽ츳ѣǲοӦãǱ߳˵뾡СһЧƲӦ츳ķӿżɽص

ʲôĸ츳ѩʮ𾪣еĺӡÿ걻츳֮٣ôһӱѵĻ֮ߣ

üͷһ壬С㣬̸ôЧ츳ķαѵ⣡

ѩѹϹΣǸȻӼ£еĺӣ츳Ѻ󡣶辭ָ㲢֮󣬾ܽϢ츳˿磬ЩǽͲģ

ӳ˼룬̧ͷѩȻˣСһͬǰ֪СΣ˵ţӳ濴˿ֵ ŹرաаʱϣСܾ𸴣

Ȼӿ롣СŮԵ㡱ѩûԥֱӴӦֵֻ ֻСŮҪŵĻδҪע⣬øװһʱ

ȴͻȻϵ¿̲ݻȻСҪĻװ磬Դͣ˶Ŀð֮¡

ѩԡʱһ͸˶ֻаʱ˵ͷһֻܡһֱͣ

ӼӦٶѩĻױУԼӻóһСƿӣ浹һЩճҺ嵽һСĨȺȻóһƤߣҺĨ󣬾͸ѩϡ

ѩʱô֣ԼգŵһĶҪ˳ǵƤʱоһɱƤ岻΢΢£һֱ۾ԼʩΪ

ԼһҵĹһͿͿĨĨ֮ҿ˿ŵˣǿˣ

ѩʱоԼϽǹɱˬҺճ֮󣬺ˬûвʵĸоȻһ澵ա

ֻһվӣѩ㺧꣬һͽӶôô

ٶ̲סˣʱסӾͶڵЦͣѩѾһλƵ긾ŮƣɫҲȽϴֲڣѩɰòֱһΪĶԱȡɵѩһ㶪˻ꡣ

ҲûѩľԶƤЦݣֱٴνԼղŵߴϣһ֮ٲȻһ紵ɹʳ¯ͿͿ˵ģǻĴ磬СĶӣȻʡ

Ū֮ӵװ硣Ӧû˻ῴóѩС㻹ʲôҪԶģһ㡣Źرյʱʣ޶ˡ

ѩԣ뵽¡ȻɱԶ֮úչ˱½Ҫ˵һҪ£ҲҪ͸¶̸£𣿡

ţҲЦˣͷİɣһչ˺ñġ˵ţӶƤһЦ͹ڵӣһʹ򸾣Ҫ֪飬Զϲأ

ѩԣٴͨ죬͵͵һۡ

ʱѩƨһôϲѩߺ󣬸Ǳһ֮󣬽һﰲס˹ԹԴڼѸ뿪

ӴѩͿ˳˳źʷѾ׼һӦңǣƱƥڳȺˡ

ӽ˼䣬ֱӷһ˾ʹҴʧ˷ѩɫ֮С

գлС֧֣

 һ ѾƷ

˾ԽһԽ䣬ëѩ£װһƬס

ƾǳ˳ʮĹٵ֮󣬾ݵĵؽ磬һ֮أͽƾ ڣ۶Ŀ̡ҪݣҲԵúܸġ

ݣҲǴƾ»ƵһݣƾÿӪһ־Ӫ֮⣬ĸԵչһرӪפأƾΧͰһ㡣

ݸĹٵϣٷʲôǿɽկ˳ҽ¼˹ٵߵһЩɽҰŢС·ϣݵƽ̹е֣зԣ´ȽϸԣһЩͨķӣ˭㣬Ըǿ

һһҹи·ٶѾɫɽ֮ͣһеһҿջ׼Ϣһ£ֱӵϽ ڵһΡߴɽ֮С

׻ɱӪһܵء

ӵʹһҹи·Ȼã棬ֹɽջ֮󣬾ѩͿˣͿϢԼͳ˿ջ׼ɽĳתת

СҲݵĳУ¹ѩһƬ䣬ֵϡ٣šһ۾СǾͷֱҰɽ

ӳ˿ջ˿ǣûзκɱӪµ簵ţЩ֣ǾͿһͥеľƹݣſһӣдšѾƷӭ졣

ƹ𣬾ƿͽģӾͽ˾ƹݡ

͹٣ƣǰѽһƹݣʱһλͷ԰Ƥڣǿ׳꺺ӴźЦк

ھƹĴɨɨһſǱ˹ȥ£ͳСӵϵҪõľƣ¾Сˡ

ǺʵЦе˰Сӣ͹٣ġѾƣȣŵȣ֪Ҫĵȵģ

Ҫŵȵģӵ

͹٣ŵѣһһ㿴λʵͷ

Ҫӵһ䣬Ҳ˵֪ŵѵǸʲôζȵĻĶͷĻǻ粻ȣӺȾƣͺȵˡ

ȻʹҪǺʵҲԵʮָˣߺһŵѰѩ

һͼһλ黨С裬ԼʮһĿɰСŮŸӾ˳ǰǺƺѩ˷ŵϺ󣬾ӣվһ۰Ͱ

СŮһۣ֡ҲûᣬȿѩһۣǲɫһƬѩסֻЩлɫ󵹻ţҲйɵ㣬ǾӼһƬ˳ʱ۾һѩζȷʵϳ

СŮӳѩ֮ĿԵúܿģ¶ĵЦݣȻգĴ۾Ͱ

ַ˸ӹƺеľƵһ̽ȶ˿ǾƵɫҲ峺Ȼţйˬ㣬յ߳һڣϸƷƷȴüͷƵŨȣȷʵһҪҪãͷѷɫһЩȹ֮ϣҲûжͷ˻ζЩ

ĶͷȵĻ磬ȷʵҲŵȺþˡ

λ۰ͰƷƵСŮͻȻӺ˱ƺüͷҡͷʱС;һۺ󣬾ػȥˡ

ҲûСŮΪʲôƹݣûʲôСѵݣǾ;žƶĶ˵  ס

ƿĵģһЩ߰飬᲻ӵȤ׼Ҫ˵ʱʱƹ֮нһλӻ׵ľ׳ˣھƿǾͷ׷ʵԣѩɽǲƾˣ

һƵ˽ûصȺúû˸ӣϷ򲻵ԣ죬ŵȣ⣬Ҳûǵķݣ

ھƿǸȻһЦҲٵЦˡ

ɽһԣҲɱޣҶھҲһλϰ٣ɽһҲʮ𾴵ģƹ˾ῪһЩСЦΨһİþǴԣڴѩɽɽͷơǻЦЩˡ

Խ֮κӱӭϣеȵ𣿡

ϲҡҡͷʹţףһѵŵѣôйŵѵζ

κɫЩŹֵس飬ϣλҪ˰ŵѣλ˸ۣ

˳κӵĿȥϴһ֮󣬵Ҳûʲô飬תͷ֮оȣ꺺ô峺۾

ʱվǺƸС˾˹ԵǰԵһϣмһ֪ܷΪ𣿡

Ҳ˹ǱϸϸСһڣܵر۾βŵŵѣȻѵõĺþư˵꣬ӣʲô

ӵ֪ɽһڴѩɽ֮Щ޻᲻ڳ

ϹŹֵؿӼۣѩɽҰޣҲ³ѩȻʳϷȰһ䣬ɽƬ֣òҪȥﾭо޳û߱ϷӲҵǸȥйаûţ

һѩ֮ôЩҰ޻᲻ᶼҪڳʳ֪ɽȺ֮ޣ

һͷоȴǲмһЦɽʲôЩȺҪǼ˱֮Ҫײʮĺܺ׷УҲֻӵķˣɽϷҲӲ룬治ྫޣһȡеǶޣ˵Ƕȵ׵Ķ̶Уֻǧ궾ԣҵүү߹ңһٶǰɽһ֣Ҫɱֻǧ궾ԣɲŽȣһ˱޾ҧˣ˶̶˲࣬Щɱҹûнǧ궾ɱ˵֣ӴԺ󣬾Ҳû˵ȥɱǧ궾ԵĴˣǶȣһҲҽȥ߱

ʱƿҲ˹˵ϣɴûɽжȵ°ǲ˼ŵѣſϵ٣

ǣϣɽС뱲ӣû˵гݰٵĹأ˵˵Щʲôѽ

ϵ֪˺٣ΪǴ˺ܶ֡ҵүүɽˣЩ򵼣Ӷлų̱ˣʱֱʰүүʱŸүүܼԶҪ̤ǶȣЩʲôˣҾͲˣ

û֪ǽζϽɽĹ֮ʱѾϢ뿪˾ƹݡ

 һ ѵӪ

ɽƾˣҲأû֪һ֣ɽеûĳ֣˵硡

ɽİǣȴѾϰΪΪáֻһֽзҲɽĵƾһѣôȥˣﵹûзʲôϡŹֵ¡

Ҳھƹ˵ôһεʺ󣬻ô˺Χ

˵ôһεʣ뵽Ĳ жȵֻǧ鶾Ի᲻޽Եпʦǣȵԣϸ

˵ôһε֮ӱܵؾ͸оɽУһ಻Ϊ֪ʷ֮еܡ

Ҳȣɽɴ¶һǡ

һǣҲ֮ء

뵽ƺ뵽һȤͷǾܵеһҾƹݣҾƹݲ֮ǰǼ˶ֻ࣬ȿˣԺЩСƣƹ̸˽ɽȵܣһֱȽϿţһʮʤĴЩ񻰲ɫһЩ˵Щýζľƿ˳ȥ

ЩƿˣȻ֮󡣰ҫһ

ӱһ£һ֮ڣܿʹɽһһַһٶɢš

ֱõĽ£򣬶ɽеܣҲΪ˱ڶעĽ㣬Ҳһ½ش˵˺󻰲ᡣ

쵽ʱ֣ӻصɽջ֮ѩͿߣͿ˼˶ѾϢ˾ֽ˵òһŴż뿪Ǳȴﴦɽµȥ

ҲɽһɽҪʷƾá

ĿǰӵİҲʮ˼ˣȻɽţҪũΪҪԴ

Ϊɽأɽײޣľ޳ûϵİնܻϮȴδܾϮǿؼ

һϵʱѾǰʱ֣ɫϼҼһϲҵޣԵһƬڡ

һڳϢˣҲûֱͣӽƥһɱӪǵСԺ֮к󣬱ͽһС·˺ɽ֡

ɽƬ֣һƬ޴ԭʼɭ֣Ƭɭ֣ɽĺɽһҪԽƬޱ鲼޳ûɭ֣ѵǼġ

׻ӪѡΪһȷʵҲһĵطϾЩһԣҲȫᱻ˲ҪǴϲһЩӽȻĵط

½̽Ӫĵص㶨ҲǾ෽ĿǲһģݵǴӪΪĶһЩ¶ȵȣһͿݶϣô˵ġ

ӪΪĶ꣬ЩҲδ׻ɱӪԱ½̶ǼΪӵġ

ѩɭֻƺ൱Ϥڽɭ֮츳ųϢ֮һֱɭʱ ûʲôײ޺;ǰɧţǺ˳ؾͨˡ

һֱɭĵطڿһȽϿһĿյأľεĺܺõļ¥ʱλѲӵ׻սʿҲһˣ䱸

ȴľͿ˿׻սʮ˵˶ιŹֵλϷʮһɽ䱸˺ߺ񣺡μ

ӵͷλ׻սʿţ⴦յأЩеĺ룬˸޷λͿռһԹ

ԹõĺЩͺǿƶһλ׻սʿǣҪһߣԻʧԹС

ѩԹʱҲԵʮ־ȣе⡰ǧӰԹֻϲɭֵе峤ϲӵõģ벻峤϶׻Щʲôأ

ԼһҵĹλ׻սʿĴ֮£߳ԹڴĹ֮ǰʱһƬȻ

ӱҹӵ˶壬ڰӰ쵽ǣԴʱǰģٲȻһ֮еĴׯ

һƬؼΪ㳡Χľ֮ԶÿһζһΧмĺܾľݣṩסģطҲǰӵ½Ƶصģʽġ

Щ֮ϣġȻ¹ѩһƬǣصطûбĻѩǣֻмǱһӺͳأϺžеġ

ӽӪ֮λ׻սʿʱһŽǣҪ׼죬ʱȴͻȻֹʱҪˣȴȥ½

ǣλ׻սʿ漴ºŽǣż˴רŵߵһֱׯֵӪһŵĽȥ

ӪһŽӪģҲԵñĽһЩվЩϵľǰܸӪ

ľݣߵһŽϵľݵʱʱһľݵͻȻ򿪣ͼ½һɫҲûٴߣһµòҲ¶ı࣬ʹľг벻ô͵ˣ

˵ţ½̳ߵѩ˼ۣǿֲòȴǰѩŵ΢΢һ½ʲôû˵ӳߵǼľȥ

Ǽľ֮ӿĲ衣ȻǰƵƽģһųԲεĴڷҲǰ׼õģһζ

ӽ֮󣬲£ʱͼòŹ˷׷Ҳӵ˽λһֱţȴδһ

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½̼˶ˣӽܵ⼸λǸ֮ѡٹĳϣҪָЩǱѵ츳λ̳ϣ

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Ǹ峤΢΢һ̳ϲض񣡡

ڻʱԸоϵķƺ˲˫۾ڶһëҪ

лǺסߡͶʸѷʱǵĴ֧֣

 һ 峤

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ð֮£λ峤ϼ֮󣬾ջǹŹֵĿ⣬Ȼͬˣ֮

Ӳ⻰˼Ҳûʣʱ½ѾʼΪܵλ峤ˡ

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ᣬӦϸЦ˵ԵЩƵأ񱻸˸һ

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λŮӼɫĽëգȴֱǳվһߵѩ飬һѩЩ̫Ȼĵͷ

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˵ţλߵԴģϺҲŻߵϹһ峤ϣ

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ѩԣ΢΢һ죬λˮ˫ȴǺܿĵؽ˶ϵ

ʶ֮ӾͶӪЩ½һ˽⣬½˽͡

ĿǰӪеչѸ͡󲿷츳Ѻи峤ϼʱָĿǰʱδ뿪Ļ壬Ŀǰ˫ѨˣҪʱ

ЩطĳҲʱһЩ䣬ӴŽӪԺ½ֵѩλϻϤӪ״׼¸˵أ֪ΰţλˣϷ㲻ٵӪְܹ֮

룬˵عӪӪʽͶɱӪ½ɱӪְܹ֮Ӫܹܣڶеĳǰ֮ɸ峤ǹͬѡΪһֻѡ٣Σǰܹܽ볤ӪӪִͬУ׻ƾֽת󣬻ٿһȫִᣬʱҪһĲ͵

ѩͣڳĬĬҲԣźҿɲȼеӣ

ӵͷӦ֮½̾һλ׻սʿѩȥˡ

볤һ¹½峤̸֮ɵսȷ֮󣬸峤Ż뿪

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ĻǻȨⷽ棬δ㣿½̵

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ȣл ɿڵ֮ԴֵܵĴ֧֣ллµ׻ųƱллЩֵܽǵƱ֧֣֪Σ½  ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķ

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Žͷ·ֻصǾĵ֮УһиУЩѪڡ

½̸˺ܾã½ȥϢʱӾ֮еĺŽǴʱ˹š

棬ͼµĳ֮ϣʱͦεվһò죬ŮǷװͳһǡ

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ӳ֮󣬴ʱվڵе۾ˢˢ̧ӿ

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ӵͷһȺ꣬ҵǵһǼ棬ǵп˻ỳɣʲô¾ǵ⣬Ҳشǣڣʵһ⣡

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ʵһϵ⣬ÿλڲ;òϢػصţҲʹЩǾ֮Ŀꡣ

ʱǸţ˫ͨ죬ȭͷգÿشһ⣬Ƕǹ˾üҪ˻Ƶɤڿ

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˻ߵشصӣҪòεӡ֮С

½ֵ˵ǳʱ뷨Ǳ££ൽжǸΪʲôūǴ˵Ƿ



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ڴʱΪԼĺϵоڴʱλʵҲֻʮߵŮһӰش

ӴʱʿǣҲûһЩĶЩǵ˼뱻ʱŤת˹˼ᶨĿ꣬ŽʹЩҲԷΪĿŬܶ

Ǹֵǰǿܻÿۣ࣬ĿꡣҲͷеܳеȴ޷֡ҳ󻰻Ҫ˵ǰͷȣﲻҪߣ̭ʱиߡ̭ʱսѷڧͻҪߣ̭ߣ̭жؼߡ̭

һ˵һ̭ϸ󡣼ЩǶһת̭ˣһܱĵسƺΪûʸ׻ƾָǴһСǵı̭;ǵļҪūĿҪǵļ˻ˣܷ񱻽ȳܷõǵļ˻˻᲻ǵĲṶ̆ʹǶʧȥϣļУʧȥġ

˵꣬ӼǳĬƺֵǵˣһΣյ¡ǵʵﲻҪ󡣾;ǵҪЩ˶ǼϣĵطǸң벻뱻̭벻ü˻˶ʧȥϣ

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ǰһԼϵӳЩǵϣտʼǲӦ

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ҪǾѪϴǾı  

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ǰ½̵֮Щʱ򣬾Ѿȷĳ˵ɱӪвпĹʱҪ

ֻϴ˲ţ׻ɱӪҪģ߼ҪЩϿȵصūûǿʵǵ˾ֻԶūĿĥ峤Ǵ඼ǾūģǱκҪЩˣҪĴۡ

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ˣѾЩжλչֳǿʵ۷Ե𾴡

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⼸ЩһͬʱרЩǵʣƶһ׸ӵԷǱܣҲֲǴڵĲ㡣

ֱЩĹ̴һٷչĹȥ֮Ѿһ¹ȥˡ

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ΪڴﲻʱṩЩɱʳˣΪֻĴѰ

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Ӫӷ·ֻص©*ȼյ£

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ӽɵִǺ뱬ıըԵĻϾ֮Ϊ׾

ǵһµĹЩӾӵָʹЩǼʱ֮ӪҲڻָɡ

ѩӪеָ͸ҲЩǣܹϿסЩ츳ʧصĻϢĿǰȻЩɬҲٳ˵ˡ

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ѩЩӪСһֱñòеĳҲദʮֺгǢҲΪһЩ鷳ģҲٵĵΪ鱨֯еǡ

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ȴԸЧңԸ⣬ҲԸ⣬㻹ǿɣ

ÿˣ

ѩҡͷһᶨصԴҳλϺЩǵʱҵоҲͬڷҲܽ᲻ᷴԣҸ˵ҶЧ׻ƾֵĳ⣬ѩµвҵԱΪ׻ƾУ׻ƾͳһ֧䲿𡱡

ӳĬ

ѩӲ˵ֵ£ڻؾеĲҵڲԱн֮һԻһˣ볤˵£дϵ֧֣ҲһӦģ

룬ȴҡͷףȻҪͶЧ׻ƾ֡ǻؾ֮֮ٸҴ𸴣ڣҪֵܴУѡһλοɿǰӪרеЩ꣬ʤ  Ǳߣʱһ½ǰ棬ֻҪɾּɣҵ˼

ˡѩͷȻ㶯ؾɣ

ӵͷ½̣Ҫеܽһ¡ȻͿߺͿصٴλݸװ󣬾ͳɭ֡δϺɽֱ̤ͣ˻ؾĹ;

ߵʱһ𼱻ǵģصʱȴһɡ

Ӫдһ£ıƣӿĳҲȥЩ˷ǵ£ĵõ֮йͷ

ѩһů̫ڵϣѩʼڻۼҰС·Ҫߵͷʻٵ·ˣΧһƬããģΧҲԵЩģ

ǹٵ·ŨһֱͷԶһƬҰס

ƱٶȺܿ죬ʱһ·֮Ӿ͵ͣƱһȻСܣȺںϵˡ



ʱһ󼱴ٵʻƱٶȷŻһЩȵͿ˺ѩ˻֮󣬱ǵٸϲҵ⼱ϵԵƣۣһᣬڰŹرǰӦܸϻȥ

ԡͿѩӦ󣬱˱ıߡ

ӵҫڱһˣӦͿͿ˵ְɣ

ǵǵıͿ˺Ϳ΢΢죬ȭѧ˺ܶδӴĶȻҪӦԭеͿߺͿ˵ȻĽɫȻҲҪӦǵ֡

ӵǸһ뾩ԭսʿ֣ÿ˶ĵģǽҪĳ׻սʿˣҲһˣҲ˽ҵĴ·ʽ͹׻ƾӪѾʼתɱӪӪĵһҲͿͶת󽫻Ὺʼѭ䡣

ӪѾʷڳﱸӪһ²šԺҲʵӪȻ١ǺҲ䡣ҪĲֻҪһϵеʩ

ĿǰֻҵӪһ飬ʱûȷˣ׼ˣˣҪ𵽴ߣ׻ƾִá

¶ͿߺͿ˱ȭᶨص

ӵͷΪÿӪܹܣֻԼĲŸ໥֮Ļ࣬鱨Ӫչ󣬽ܻпѽڵÿһӪʱ򣬶˾Щ˺飬׻ƾֵ˽⡣

һֱڿһ⣬ڲʱЩԵ飬޷ʱãһЩҪ˽׻ƾֵܹܴʱ໥תϢӶʹżϣҲܽ⡣

һ׻ƾֵͻҲ׻ƾֶҹԱҲڵʱ򡣲׻ƾ̱ӳ״̬׻ƾֵķչΪ

Ϳ˺Ϳ룬ӵ˼ͷ

˵ţѩѩĲҵ׻ƾ֣ôͻҵӪӹܣֻⷽҵ˲ţʲôʵ˲žټҲͿϼгһЩҵӪ

ѩȴգգ۾СŮû֮ǰһֱҵӪⷽǰصѧϰģǾӪ֮

һ㶣漴ȴЦ벻̤Ьٴ˲Զߣǰ

ѩǳǳһЦҪ˵ͻȻɫһӾסԱߵʱҲӦʲôһֺȵͣǰ

 һ Ⱥ

ǰ渽Զһбײ ҡ

һ򶷵ˣײȻǵ߽֮

Ĵдرݵؽ磬͢ƵߣȻ˳ֵ򶷣ȻǾʿĻƴ

Ũ˴򶷣̫ԶŲ壬ߣȥ

Ʊ䣬ѰԴһ˱㳯ǰʻ˰ء

һݲƽб£ΧľһȽʺϴĵطߵʱĴúˡ

ѩŨ֮У˿Ӱ죬ĿܹӼĿǱӵǰһĨ

Ӹоǰһ֮󣬾ͺǴһ۾һΧŨٶκεӰ졣ȻһӾͿԶ龰۾һ

ͼԶĵ֮һ׵ʿԼʮʮλɫףصڽмҵɱ

Ⱥʿʮλڼ˽ĹУǵмһλڼףϺɫ죬Ⱥʿеһλͷ棬̫峤᳤ԣŸҵĽ棬ĺѣԶ

ӿһᣬҲϸ˫¼ȺʿĿǴͳһʽĿףӿϵӧ׾ֳʿıơ

Ⱥɫ׵ˣ书ǿҲûķŻǻƣ˷ֱЩ˵ʲôˡ

ȺڼʿʵȴҪʿǵĳ䡣࣬䣬ÿһȥʦʵȺʿʤ˶һЩҲмܲסм˳صȴԱǺڼʿһ촦

ɱĳ棬ʮֵļҡ

λ٣ʱϵĿѾҲλڼʿ콻սʱηĻţλٶҪǺڼʿһ

üͷЩ֮ɱͼģǾڲԶͣһȥΧżʿ뼸λʵǿһЩĺڼʿƴɱмˣػ

һ֮ϡ

ʱǺڼʿһҪնǾٵԴһʿͻȻǰԼλٵһѪɡλʿԴҲ˼ҡ

ǵʽǳǿ󣬵âӹλٵĶϵͷꡣһǿϵӧ䣬ͷҲ¶λٵݡ

ݣ

һ˾٣дһҲûԥϣͺһæɱڼʿ

һ֮һ缲һس˵עغһȥĺڼʿ߼һصһλڼʿһʿɱ֮ʣͺһٵһɽĳѹʽڼʿһ룬һѪ

һһڼʿ֮󣬴ʱͿߺͿҲ˳һѵӵıҲս֮С

ѩȽࡣֻԶԶϡΧѾһŨ֣˿ӰǹŨ˹֮ʱһڼʿȦŨ֮к漴ͼŨлóһ

ֻ롰һֻһӰιǺڼʿûüκηӦĺͱжϣѪ硣

۽Ʋһѩɱ˷ʽиЩǵǿ츳е𾪣ֲʵ۶ҪЩϾɱЩǷ츳ǿȻʮֵĿֲ춾ĸ꣬ǵ˵ĳجΣ

һȻֻˣͿͿ˱ǰ˼֣Ѿ߼֡ټʹñ׾ϣң˳ս֮󣬼ֱ绢Ⱥ滹һ֪áУոźڼʿѩ

ڼʿʼλҪսپĺڼݽ֮нǣ֪ɱôλ֣겻ɣȥҲһλڼɴһģһһμӾ˹ݵĹơ

ȻЩԻ󵽵λֻͻȻɱǣǴʱλֵļ룬սŤת

ʿǼλڼʿɱʱһһǸɴ࣬䣬ֺʹǿսЩʿʿ

ӹϻӵһЩڼʿǻϵסһ֮

̩ɽһĿ֮Ƶѹ£ڼʿֻҪҷ⵶ܣǱ˽֯Ŀ񱩵ľӰ֮¡һӾʹ͸ǵķǺ޷֮£ͱ һ

׾ĻԣбԵľڱתһɵƶǿ͸λͽֿȭභʦսûʲôЩڼʿֻǳмʦû߼Уֱ̬ǿĹƣȻ͸вһ

һʵɱɳ֮ϵһȴ˵Ѫʼͣط

ӴʱоȫѪҺⳡɱ֮УѾڵ˼£ѾֻɱʶԵжϡޱȵؾ˵˵㲿λһѹԵƣ˵ķǿƳȻ̩ɽѹ֮¶Էͷ­

ⳡɱɱǺ޹˼ɡ죡

һһʱޱȵˬ죬ͿߺͿҲ󣬱Ǿ츳ͿзһٶȡͿ˿ΧѩһϹ֮£ɱеٶȣȫҪӿҪһ

ЩڼʿͿߺͿ˵ǿ֮£ͷ·ֻǰѲӼܺã֮һû˿м֮

ҲʮĹʮλڼʿѾֻʣڼһųǷĺڼʿ

ˣȴһʿεΧסǱȦ׼ֹεĸ

ʲôˣ֮£ȽʦԤǿ֪λڼʱѪͨ죬ҪѳصųֵӼͿͿˣĿ֮еܻ棬඼տˡ

ȻҪ壬ҾڡӵĮ˵ţ漴³һ֣ɱ

ӻ䣬ʱͿߵĵһϻµһ㣬ƺûκԤ׵أֻǰһ£ֻһӰλڼʿеĶԴͰ˼ңء

λʿڣʱ첽ֹ

ͿֻӵġֹĻδšֻҪδҪȻһ˻С

ǺڼʿǻʦͿ˵һ֮Ĺ֮£ȴоԼͻȻҪľڷйľ֪ΪʲôᷢŹֵ󣬵ǵҪһ֮¡һǿᾢܵ⵲

ϣ

֮Ľײ֮һĻ𻨣ڼоԼֱ۷飬漴һɴʹѪʼڲͣ

лмѪһ֧֣֪Σ½ ½ڸ֧࣬ߡ֧Ķ

 һһ ʧ

ֻཻľɣʹԷľɵķ䣬ĸ첲ͺ񱻴͸һԣʧȥ֪

ֻǣڼĴ˼άҲֻͣһƴɱ֮ϣ

Ϊһ̣Ҳգ۵˲䣬ǰһâն½µһûκԤ׵ġоԼĲӴһԼûͷ­壬ڰ

նױһͿںڼͿ˽ʱû֮ʡ

ⳡսԺڼʿȫûգ

ñ˵ĵɱ˵ˡָоȷʵ

Ӷеǰص֮ʱȭ λʿԮ֣лС֪λʿպ󱨴𣡡

ת˵ˣ֪Щڼ˶ʲôͷͷˣ  

ݱȭЩ˵װ־ڼӪĺڼսʿСֻǲΪʲôҪ·ɱǣǹŹ֣

һ룬Щڼսʿʵڳмʦļ־ڼӪսʿҲпܣôĿŵؽɱ٣⵽Щ

뵽Ҳûٶģᣡ

ӵҲΪʲôвţ϶ܻ֮ؾǣ̽ãôͻؾˣ

ɫһ䣬΢ʹӡʿʶСʴΪΣ

ʶ㣬ʱʶҰˣȸˣӼɫҲͲȭ֮󣬱б¡

ʱѩӭӷֳµĶһۣһ˾ʻŨĹٵ֮ϣƬ̲Ӱӡ

ʿսʬ֮ʣǱŨ֣ȴκͨǹٵķȴڳ˼˵˭Ϊʲô˵ĿĸоΪʲô˵ʶңʱʶ־Ԯ

뵽һ뵽ȴҡҡͷ ǡǵͣòλʿ

ʱ֡˷硣ھǵһҲɢ

ɺ̹ǡѩ׵Ľֵ֮ϣһЩúСѩ֮⡣˶ڼȡů

ӻصǺھݴһ»װκ󣬾ѩֵƣͿͿ˷ر򸮡

⼸ɼˣȻ˧̫̫ο˵ûʲô¡һ²ӣо°µģǻ̲ס˼롣

ʱߵѾߴСܽݣеˣүˣ

ȥһдʯ£ҲЩοЦݣҪš

û߼ʱžͱƿˡǲŸϻװ֮ͿĲӡ

ӻ˹ȥһҿģ۵صȥôáˣˣ͸óԵȥ

Ҳ쵽ԷʱˣûæοＸ䣬ֻ˵ȥһӣｲ˽һЩȤСЦЦֱֱˣһѾҲǻ֦ҲᶼЦԵúܻ졣

һֱȷ׼ˣȰ˵³Ŷӳ˸֮˻죬ͦСӻص

Ϣһʷ¾ͻү̫үȥһˣʣڵҲڸϡ

忪ϸʲôѵΪϴ˪ӻ·ţլȥˡ

լ֮󡣾ͼ忪ǰžƣ֮һƣӽŴЩ

ʱ忪ֹ֮󣬱  ɣͼ죬д˻Ϸ㡣  һ

ʱǡӵ

ϷͿżɽˣ忪ͼʧˣ

ʲôʧˣӳһȴʮֲ⣬ôʧ٣ѵ

忪ʱһյصҲϷĲԣϲ飬ϲϹһЩϷ򿴲ͽڼҶ顣ֻ˪ߵ£Ϸ䣬ǰһЩⶼˣ⺢һ֮¾͵͵ܳ˸ʼϷΪСƢȥͻˣɹ˼죬Ϸ˵ȥѰȴʼѰ䣬ֱϷұ˾ǣûѰ䡣ȷʧˣ

˵ţ忪ϴų˪⺢ӳߵ£ѾϷͷöءͼ⺢ҲʧˣʵϷ֮𣬲Ѱ䣬Ϸ㡣ͼǰһʱ͸¶ʲôȥʲôط뷨Ѱ뿪˾ǣ¸ȥѰ밡

忪ǲϵӡӵҲͬ룬ǰһʱʱû¶ȥȥҪ뾩Ļ̲࣬Ҳ߲˶Զ˿ٸͨ档øعԱѰң

ϷѾͨ棬һֱûлϷɣǲ˰ͼ忪

ӵҪǰܵĻͼѰ̫ܣ޷ǾͼͼƣٻϢôˣȻѶȫ޵Ļ˵ʧˣһһʱȷʵѰҵģҪꡱ

ͿԪʱ塣˵Ҳǰܣͼıʲôǰ˱Ȼ˷ųϢһѶȫޣǺӿʲôãβϸ룬˳ңЩüĿ

һ£һû˵

忪룬õĻͼСϷʱһ㣬ҲƷƣڼߣҲƵĹ

˵忪ͻȻ뵽ʲôܳȥ̲꣬޷ĵĻ˵ᵽƷȥ򹤣ǸؾƷѰĻ

ƺüĿһ㣬忪ʱͻȻվͿ˧ϷͻȥԸصؾƹݣ˵ЩüĿȸˣˣ˵š忪ʹҴҳš

忪뿪ͿԪͻȻӵǲ֪ʲô

ӵͼϲ飬ȫھƵ֮ϣƣҪٵѪͼӣ϶Ҫҳߣε¸أЩƷƵȻʵҲһ׮Ը

ͿԪ Ϊβ˵ʣ  

˸־ǿֻʵ䷴ȥֻͼԽԽԶҺα˵ҪײУӵ˱ƣ˳ȻϴκȵŵѾУƺһͷӰӣе֡

ͿԪղŻʱ忪˼ʱӳƣǻȡ̫̫ǲƵ˧ֻƺա

ӵͻȻ˻;ĺڼʿ飬ʵ үӣ־ĺڼӪǸʲôģ

ԣͿԪŹֵؿһۣ־ľӪһǺڼӪһǻӪһӪӪУӪ־еľɣҪʳǻӪӪװΪսǿǸ𾩳ǵڳڼӪʵһӪҪһЩɱ̽ȻȽΡ

˵꣬ڳ˼ͿԪͻȻʲôǲʲô£

 һŶ ڼӪ

һǾú֣ǴǺڼӪˣΪʲͷݣһӻؾǣʲô

͸¶ĹŹ֣ƾղ²⣬ȴʵԽ

ͿԪǰ޻̸ֱʣûзʲô£

£ͿԪ쿴ӣʺڼӪʲôȷʵһ£Ҳ㲻ô£ɱ񸮵ļԱ˼¥ϰ˹ԱɵĹ١

һΪôҪ⹤ԱɵĹ٣

ͿԪЦǹԱɵĶӸӶǻ̬ͯ±˽ҷˣȤǣСӵӻŰɱһŮˣŮøһʺߵѾͷݣͱʺȻϴ磬⹤ԱһҡȻҪùˣ

ûô򵥰ɣӵӦǻʵ۶ӣһҪƷˣ˵ɱϵļԱ˼¥ô£

ӷƺԽԽȤˣʵ۶⵶ӣִе˺еͱȴѵɡ

ͿԪζЦݵɺܼ򵥡⼸¥˿ڣΪ潣;ǵһЩڶǣִеĹУɲɵǣ񸮵ļԱҲ¥Ȼһˡ⼸񸮵ĹԱ֮ȴַ빬ĹŮȾĳ£ȻҪˣ

ЩҲζЦˣǹԱǵıô

ȻǵֿϷˣʵһ̫ˡȻȥɱ񸮵ļԱôɱرӪеʿ

ͿԪе̲סƳӵ˱Ҫȣ̫̫֮ʡһѶ˹һ£ŻӵǺذɱˣ˼νȴΪЩʿ飬ǵûϴŭǰӺݺһ˼

ȷʵ˼ӵǺأʵʲôٴ룿

ͿԪԽԽȤȤǣôӺʮյ糯Ⱥǵ౨֮£ʵ۶Ҫӵ౨֮˵ʾ֮˵ʾ֮ȥִУʵȺΪΪӵĿ飡

ͻȻʣڼ䣬ûĸӶùڼӪ

Сӣ㼸ᵽڼӪ׷ʲôңͿԪӵ

ӵڻؾ;СڼӪĺڼսʿɱݡ

ݻؾˡڼӪɱͿԪ⻰ǺڼӪ˽ɱݵ黰᲻үؾйأ

үӲصѵ

ͿԪԻӣ͵һСȻûôһˣû˲֪λүģ֪ϰͼΪʲôôô

Ӻ²⵽ʲôѵλүģ

ǡͿԪ֮дŵݣ˵үһֻǾǿңɱ۹ĹٳʱǨҳƳ˰أΪĪĹҵһֱŽ񰡡ǣ˿

һЩʣ뵽Щʿƴɫ΢΢ݣЩڼ׾ҪɱĻôӦþΪүλүʲô⣬ôңүڿôΪʲôҪؾ

ͿԪʱɫޱȵأôֻһܣλ

첻ˣ˵ţͿʾʣûпߵĽĸģĺ֣ܺڣܳªߴ󣬶ҳأʹõıһԾ޴

ҡͷ

ûͿԪüͷĽүİ̥¶ǶүӰ룬ߵĻ

ӵô᲻үѾȥˣزɥҪүؾܰᣬĺڼӪսʿҲ²⣬ӦΪү壬ү壬ʲôأ

ͿԪ²Ļôү屻ߣпܻᱻвĽ춯ңɿոĶս

ֻӲ⣬塣ΪʲôĽͲô

ͿԪ룺ǱŵֶӣڱɣүĴӣսҪô͵ģӦҲһһζĲλүԾͺöģǶǮǶһӮĴܶ࣡

ӵΣҲүӮˣ

ͿԪ˰ֵҲ̸ɣǷǻүҲֻƲ⡣˵ǺڼӪ֮£ȴЩΣ־еӪһֻлϵͲܵǺڼӪжǱܵģǲôĿŵڹٵ֮ϽɱݵĶ飬ⲻųðĿܡ

ȻڼӪҪд̣֮̽£ô˭ðڼӪأǾЩڼӪսʿɱЩ˼ʹ֪вˣսˣһֱɱΪֹʿĻ˭ʶʱƣߣɵɵɱأӵ

ôһ˵ЩڼӪķ񣡡ͿԪüͷ

ӵүӣ糯֮ܲżȥתת˳һᵥе˭ȷһǲүϻشĻ͸Ҫʱˣһĸģ

Сӣ龫ֵģԭ˵ô࣬Ϊ£ͿԪûصһۣʹˡ

˵ô࣬ͿԪһᵽŸϵģΪͿԪп϶Ҳ֪ǲүӱƱоһ󣬳լ

ĳլ֮С

һӣԵʮƾɣ˿鲼ƺܾöûסˡ

Ȼڰҹʱ֣˿լͻȻһǹһĺӰ˽ˡ

Ӱ֮󣬾ͽƾլ֮Уû˿鲼ֱͣլĺԺƿ¾ȻܹƶǽȻǽĿ˽ȥ

ǽıһլŵģǹŹֵǣӰȥ֮󣬾ʧӰ٣ԭ˵¡

⼸լĵԹ֮УǺӰ֮󣬾һԹľͷ¶һװηЩһĸ֣һ¹¹λϣڷһſӣǰһŻɽͼӣ֮ȴվһλֻбӰˡ

ֱߵǰ֮󡣱ǰˣȥʧܣȫû

ʱӺ͵תȴǴһߣͷ·һֻӵĻԵʮַŭһȺʮʿԸ𣿡

лԣͣرл֮ԴҶֵܵĺԾ֧֣лл

 һ ܾ

˵ˣǵºϸЩʬһǱһġǻͶ鵱вûĸ֡Ӧòһ·ˣ

ЩˣΣص

˵˿Ͽһ֮߼ʦʵܴﵽ

ʲôˣ˳˼ºûЩʵǼӲ̽ǸͿСӾǵĲãչô

˵С̫ƻˣš޷ӣҲпܻøϵ˳ȥɱÿв˳ţЩѾ߼ҶҲ޷һĸٵ顣չܻĿǰʱֻ鵽С뾩ǱһЩСЩĻûнչ

С뱱һЩйŵġ˵ֻҪųϢѹ䷢չ²Ҫǲģ

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ϼ˶ΪΨϸ衰˺Сϴʱ䣬ھ

ֶ֮Ĺϵ縸ӡ

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һȻվˡԭӣǾͰľͿԪ˵һ顣

ݸͿԪ죬еĻ͵ģү塣

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СȻǱˡһ֮СѾͷҧгݵǸܷŮ

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ܷүүˡʱҧС죬̫̫ͣܵĻίۿ֮ڿʼתת

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š˵ģܷһʱˡݺݵصһۺ󣬵ҪҴ

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һҲǿһѣСѾͷһɱ֡

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ŵϷһҪ㣬ǰ;ϮʿȡϷ֪ǲ㣿

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ҲǳĬѾ˵ˣԴͷϣǰôҲԼʲô¡Ҿ㽫ݱ˭ñȨֻҪ£ΪЩµۡ

˵꣬ӱȭһ񡣱λ˼ͷһף

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ྸأûдﵽҪЧӴʹѩĺЧӦ

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ҡͷҵӪѭľٽ÷٣ЩֶͨηʽѹֵĶԾֻʳȵ˾˥ʱڣҲǵڣʧռСҵҲֵõģƶѸͷչά״СӪҪãʱЩҪµĶ֧֣

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㻹ЦһˣҲǸѩǰᵽЧ֮£δ㣿

˶񣬱㳯Ӹ˸ѩἰʱ⶯ֻǲ̽µЩ´Ҳ֪ǺãƾǲԸЧ

ȻˣҪȥһ£¿ܻΣգ㿼һӵ

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ʱʵ£ֻһʮȴͣüͷⱱľӪ֡  ˲༯°ΥӪа̼޷棬ٸȡûһЩزҵӪƽܱҵӪ

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ʱ֣˽ϣӺм£

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ʵۻ䣬ʱͼ̬ӵ˽֮󣬿Ҳڡȴûпڡ

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ʵˣתŴӣʶȻ֪£ΪβðţȴܻвҲЩſ͹ô

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ӽӹƣҲ鷿

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ȣл͡ء֮Դֵ֪Σǰɽ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķ

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ЦҿʹĪٴ벻ͨһͨ¡ǱȻҲĸԸرã

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ˣӴʱɫͻȻЩ԰촽ʼڲͣʧΪʲôƫƫʱڱ򸮣Ϊʲô

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⻰˼ҪڣȴͻȻоϢĴ硣ɫ䣺ţ

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Ӷʱокһͺ񱻵һ㣬ǻϢӰ졣еһŻʱҲڣһ±ȼ

ȻҪˣԾ;ȵװɡ

뵽ӾҰһ㡣ͺһһѽߵ߽ӵϣ˺ϵ¶Ƕ¶Ө֬壬ҵİĵƻӳ£Եø欣һɼǿӾջ

߷·ĽƷʱ̲סһˮ֮١

ʱ̬ţ١΢΢֮ʣͻȻһסӵĲӾͽǻȵᴽסҲ˫

ҪҪдȥз˵

ðɣ˿еŻ𳹵׵ı

󣬽°ڴϲѹϣ뷭ѹ£˺

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ʹһʱӵıָУ跢йܿڳʹľʷʧ

Ҵɫ

УѾ־Ĵץ˵龰ľˡ

⼸쾩ƺ̫ƽͷĳ£־Ĵץ˵ĳ֣ǵѾֲˡ

Ӵ־ӪĹٱǡڼ°̽ӵĴ֮£ܿڳӽЩݵ㣬ЩŽӣ֪ôһܻ

ڳеĸŴӪŸţ˽˳ȥʹǵһϾ

Ƕ֪׷ʲô£׷̽õϢȴǼ𾪣ӾȻᣬͼı죡

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վߵһüǺڳУΪûϢ

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ɾʱͻȻһ¡ʮֵܼ

ţһʿ˷ƽϵİǣʱ˿ֻŻҡ

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һ֮ڽӽС򲻵һٲ󣬴ʱʿȫͣͣϼ׼СҪôȥĽĵı

С򱻰ΧһǴ˵ץͽҪʵڼвšͰٱɷӡ˽Գӣɱۡ

Ī һλһʮŸֽС򣬲һϴһɱ򶷵

Ǳ˽׼šʱͻȻм˴ϱ



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һ֮£ʱǼӳıʱ뷢⼸˲ųûӶԶͱҼɴ⬡

ذڰĻ֮˼ˡأʱ汻ʿΧסҪӲͱȽһϴȻҪǧ˵ıɱȻǶЩʵ͵ʦ֣Ҳ˳ͻΧ

һΣЩϵĻƵݵǳ׵ˡ

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Ӵ־ӪʿȺӲõһץ֮ʣ֣Ҳһ˶ǰЩýһȡ֤֮ȷʵ֮ЩûļκεķӦĹԱǣҲùرߡ

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ʵһУҪ鹦񣬱Ҫ͸ѩţҵӣϵǷҪš

УɺϵǣҲڱ򸮣ӽ˴ӵעӴ˴ڽӡ

Ӻ֣ȻץˣȴûлһЩ֤ݺ鱨޷ЩĹԱ

ʱʵ鷿һֱͣض岽ŻĴӺ֣ǲ֤Щݵ㣬ҵ֤ϣ

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ʱһܵ鷿ϣһšʮ𼱣Ҫڴ»ϣСҵ飬϶ᣡ

ʵһԸһ

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ٴǼºʱѾͨ쵽˶

ӵȻж㣬ɣ֮ҷɣ

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ȥȺҲ̸ֻЩ𲻵Ļû˵ص㡣ʵҲЩԥ

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˵к󣬱һźϡѲӵվٱץһ©֮㣬ҴӴнػź¹ش󣬾Ǹίгϴ϶飡

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ΪоǾﵽһһǵĽ׶Σ׾ͬʱо谭ǰǲҲԽԽˡ

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СӣϽأ˰ǶͷƸϷһϷôãﲻסˣͷЩȲ˵

⻰аԸֲ̡ͷô죬ΪԺأԭǱľƸĲż˻

ЦЦ㴨µͶԺ׼þƹϴһλӷ磡

Ҷȭʷһȥˡ

ӻص󣬴Ѿ׼ϴˮ

ϴԡһϴϵ೾֮ҲԼʱٵٱԺʱƲѾ׼ˣͷѾȲȺˡ

˻֮󣬼ͷԹ˺ȾƣתͷҶֲŻϷβ£˴νҪ£ҪСЧܷ֮Ը

ҵҶЦЦҲֵ˵˴νȷʵҪϣǰЩӺغһ纣ʣءٸ֣㽫öھְ֣գ˴ν׼Щʣװ

ھְգ⻰ǳһжĺøдΪ˰վȻþʣðķȷʵһ롣

ϸһ룬ӵҶ֣Щ֪˵˵

Ҷ˴Ϊδϣֵܣֵܵĸ߼˵޷

ӵʷžԮգƾ٣˾壬ҶûЩˣʲô뷨Ͼ뺣ԶǧϢôͨʹ֣ɵعٸ֣ٸʽȱҲɹٸʱɻ϶ᣬþãϡǲʹʣɣ

Ҷˣɫͷôһ˵黹ǰ㣬ֲûҴϹٸӡţ㣬Ȼȼ֮ʵȷʵˣڶʶȱֵܿʲô취ΪּʱֵӦʣ

ӽоƵ£ȴû̸⣬Ҷ֣ʶȱӦʱ֮ȨϷ֣֮ȫ˰ɣ

ֵܱˣҶ⻰ȴҡͷЦϷֻкһأݴ֮غش΢үȷʵݼݸ׽ЩһԸģүһŭ¾͵֣常

常ôϣ

ȡҶɿһֵܣ常Ҫְȷʵãѡ

ӵͷҶĹǣǴʺðա֮£ҵи    Ҷһ죬ɫܣֵʲôߣ

ڣʱʷС˽үˣ

Ŷһ⻰ʱ۾һҶ֡Ҳҵİ취Ӿõߣһȥӭɣ˵ţҶһظӳӭӴӡ

ǼװУҲûٲʲôųӾϲֱִӣ˿ΣӭʱӿͬҶۣӣλǣ

ӳҶʹ˸ɫҶ΢ǰӪ²ξҶμӴӵ£

Щɻ󡣿һۣͷضѣ뱾ף

˹֮󣬴Цӣ糯ʱЩ±鱨ɳ֣ʻСӵģʡ

΢΢ԾŵĹˣʵ۾Ȼǻɵͷˣǵͷ£Щ鱨ԴȽ⣬½ֵǸ鱨Ļܣ鱨ˡһ˱ץǽЩ鱨ϣǵеһˣЩ˲ţҴü°Щ˽á֪Σ

룬ţЩﲻȻǽҷйһ븸飬㽫ұǣ

 ڶһ 

Ҷڱ򸮴˵緹ʱ֡Էͼ뿪ˡ

뿪ʱɫȴԵúܡ

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ӲûнҶĻӣתᵽ˶ϷһЩԱ֮ìܣⰵʾӡ

ҲǴˣ˵Щİʾе

룬ɻЦСӣǣ÷ǳð

ӵ£һϷậúˣϷ𵽾޴ǣãǶϾҲһãѾìܡߣ¶Ҫջǣ

ӵ£費Ҹ֪

£ղҶĴ𸴣ʵ˼ˣ¿ɴǶȥϣ´ºҪἰǣػҲ뷨

˵ӱת˸⣬£ճ֮¡Ĵã

ɫ΢΢һ֮£ѳøʺġʴԼ˶ϣ

أԤϵӻ³

ӿһۣԶһ˵ȣնδڡ

⻰һɫȻˣҶҪȥֲУ¡ʱҲˣҶ常ڿջȺǼϰɣ

ӹŹֵؿһۺ󡣱ǾɣȻȥˣ

ߴӺӻصʱڿǻ󣬼һͲֱ˿һţдݽϿʼչж⣡

̲סҪô

ЦһҪ׼ȥԶͷŲȴүү㻻·һȥྸ

⻰üͷӿ죬ྸѵҲѾסˣҪô

Щ˼ػص󣬻·լʱԪһδ£бض岽

ӽšͿԪӣүνҹȥ²ʲô£ȥˣӦ䣬㻰ʱֻҪֳĬɣҶš

ӵͷ˼ظͿԪš

ྸڸ

Ѿܾûɭϵ˾ηۡΪЩظֻ֣Ҫӽͻһѹ

һүһѩʦ»˭ðĻ

Ҫ̲飬ͿԪҲ⡣

˾λͿԪŽĸһУ͸ܵһֱ˿ӵѹ

ǰҲйָоȴһ£⸮Ҳζпüһ档

ãйɸԵʱ֡һʱʱ⣬·һж췢ȴ˾üϤʮֵңԶ

ͬۡҲһЩĻ֮Уйµ㼣ȥȴԲ֡

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εͬҪѿҵȺĹֱܼӴͿԪȥС

ȻǸϻȸĻȻЩϤİĳ裬ӽɨһۺĿٴηŵǸϡ

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ͼྸ֣˽ͿԪҲͬ󣬶ྸݡ񣡺Ŀ;ӵšۡ

ֻǴ·֣Сǰ͸һƽ޲ĺˮȻҲκεĲľȻĸΡྸԸܵǿ֮ĵļǿ

ǿּۣ˴˰ֻˡ

ྸ̾˿֮󣬱ջĿ⣬󣬵ǰһ鱱֮£

ӸܵྸĿ䵽ϣһȻƽ޲ĬĬ

ྸ֮£˾»ܣ˻ʱбҪرһ£ҵԺ

ʱѩ˽Ŀɨɨһ˿֮󣬱㵭ɡ

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ѩǰжӵӡǺܺõģҲͦͣΪྸԵʣѩڶҲЩ̸

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ʱżôһλĵѡеļ֮ȴһɵǣ롣ྸϣˣˡ

ûѩ첽ǰȥסΥˣҪססвƼյһ죡

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ѩһĻҲΪ̣ипҲӣһμˣǵĽջ

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ʱѩɿһ˱ֿ

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ɯҲʧյǹ鶯֮Уһɴϸγ˿˾ĵİˡ

ڵӣһʹÿɰŮӣԼĥӣϧûŮڹȻƽ֣ǵɡ

СطϢѩʱĻһشصػ˶˵ϣͼɯһЩվסѾ߷סվڱԺеǸ˼ĺˣ·ҪӰӡ֮С

ʱȴͻȻ󲽳ͻͻ١

ԽԽʱѩֹȻ˹ͽɯڻߵҪĥԼˣѲáһң

˵ţѾߵĿɿڴ֮УɯĴӡƬ̷ֿĶͷһǣͷſصԺ

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һֱѾ߽ɯ뿪תͼ֮£дһ˿ο˴Ĵָ

ѩȴ־ŭӣȴΪӣȻ˵Ǿ仰ܸһѰɯҲʮֲɯһսȥҲֻˡ

ǵһǡʵѩͷ𶯣֪ǻ졣

ȣл֮Դ֧֣֪Σ½  ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķ龡нɹ

 ڶһ 

̾ƽϢͷ𶯡ԽȻоԽӣǰ

룬ѩҡͷЩѾûˣѾˡ

Ҳ°ɣ

ѩ˻˷ȥ˸ӵļһۣ㣡

˵꣬뿪˱Ժ

ߵͤ£ƺ˱ƣһºѩ˵ʲôֱ˵ɣ

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ѩ仰ʵöʱһ֪ͣô˵Ļ

ֺһڸʲôδүʲôҾʮԻѩкĿģѵһвʲô˵ɵʲô



ѩ⻰Ȼĺܺãŭˣȵ᲻ʿ֮ʱҪԼ

ҵүҵӡʶ˲ңȻҪжзүô˵зô

ǷͿ˧Ϳϼ壡

ѩһ仰ʱƿԣдʱѾˣྸȻв֮ˡ

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Ҳ⣬Ϊ³ŵϱ뱻壬Щ飬Ȼ֣ӵ

⺢ӡѩһʧصǽҲǰң֧ǣ㣬˵ģ

Ϊӵ

ƾ֯ǸСɣѩЦ

һѩ⻰ƺ͸¶һѶϢǻûв׻ƾֵĴڣ⼯°ףڳȻ֮١

ٴγĬѩֵһǸ˵ˣүѾ˼ޣλүһ£뾩°ǲɢڶ¡ڵһĻϣûаүҪүȡͿ˧ıȨǿǹϣ£뾩Ժ󣬰棬ү㣬漰֮£Ի˶Ը㣬ļ¡õľƷ˾޴仯ԭ򣬶ΪӰ죬үѾɱ˼Ϳ˧үȰɣүһС˵ЩҶһЩҸ档ү˵ƱأҪ

Ҫôţ׻ƾֲϹԶûзչ죬ԶྸĶ֡ݱҲԡ

ǲɢ°Ļ׻ƾʧ£ºܿҪֲԼѪ׷ѡ    룬ȻѩѾ˵ˣôҲ˵ˣҿ뾩ҲԲٹʳ֮£ǲɢ°ѾܣΪĿǰѾ˼°Լ˽ȥҲлػ°Ѿ˵ˡ

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ٴóĬشѩĻһֱѰ˼뾩ף뾩ĻԼɱ֣Ϳ˧͵ôǹ٣ȨͿʧɽͿϵĳбȻ޹˼ɵչ뾩ĻЩھǵһЩпܰ׷ˣ׻鱨Ӫھǻûг׵վȽ  

뵽εһۣı뾩׻ƾֿչͿԪıȨȴõģͿϼ塣׻ƾֳڷչıɡ    ׻ƾӰ֧ŵչûЩ׻ƾҲԱҶʩӰˣʱɾͲྸ˵ˡ

Ȼˣˣ

̧ͷȻүѾˣôҲǲʶôˣ뾩ǣ

ѩŵͷ뾩ҪٻˣΪ֮ɣ

ӳྸſڵĿҵȺ˰ʱңͼͿԪ˳ӺͿԪȥ˵

һ·޻ĬС

صذ֮ͿԪҺͿԪӡҳ׵ıסүǸ档㲻뾩Ҫ㶯ˣʱȻݱһܰɣǵˣ㽻һԻΪ㴦

ͿԪһ̾Ϣżַ߿мΡ

ӵྸҪʱҾڲ룬ֻû뵽ྸĵƣôѣ

Ŷ˻ν⣿ͿԪҲƺ˻֮

ӵүӣྸѾ˲֮ģھǣһҪС£

ʲôүв֮ģͿԪ𾪵ؿӣοģ

ӵү֮йҵǸϻȸĻү㿴ϻ˭ȸ˭

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ǣ壬̵˶˻²үģû˵ͿԪ

ЦҳʱүҲҵ˻ҵ˵Ӧýȸϻȴ˵˵ͬһЩ£ҾͱѩأүѩҵӣܵɰɣҽȥǸ뵽һЩǸү֮̽õģ

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ӵ˵ĻһǷүļɻ䣬ϻƨɺ󱳸˿ȸȻǺΣյġô˵ϻүǿȸǻϣʲôŮ˵ٽүҵļɵʵ֮£ûзʲôȴҪЩֶԸҡôֻ˵һֿܣɵңһĴ£ûв֮ģôɵұϴȣҺʹӽύ



ͿԪЩ˿ǰ˵ⷬ治ĻͿԪԻһ١ͿԪ飬ӵжϣߺ߼εġ

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ζеڶԤµıƱŹҪл

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ʷһΪĥīɫ֮ҲһЩΣÿдһ⣬Ὣīɺ󡣰˳źá

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ǰİΣͰˡ֣صֽһ

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һվȥլԺʱͼլĵƻš

ݣͼͿԪУڵ˰֣˵

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ǲŵõôһѵõĹı֮ţȻͱྸǿӲظϳ˾ǣʵͷŭѾ̲סҪˡ

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ʷһΪĥīɫ֮ҲһЩΣÿдһ⣬Ὣīɺ󡣰˳źá

ͿͿߡͿˡ˸Ҳ֮оվһ߳ĬȺ

һֱ賿ʱ֣мʱˣдһ֮󣬼ʷѾˡ

ЩżǸ׻ƾָӪṩķչ˼·зչƻøӪܹաӽһʷͳһװ

⡣⼸Ǹѩġ뾩֮Ϸǵȡϵ͵չﺮͳһ֧ӦΪ鱨ӪܹܣҪﺮЭ̽

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˵꣬룬ֵǰڸɵϵĸ׼˰ΣΣʲôҪֻҪ;㣡

ǣٴӦᶨ

ˣǶȥϢɣԷͷжһҪΡȥԺһˣ˵ꡣӾͳţԺȥ

ͷиӦ˽ӴϷ˼ߵУҲݣͷСӣһգȷʵбҪ뾩һӡϷھǣܸоõ̶ˮУƣڵʵСϺף̫ǿ֮ʱٻɣ

ǰİΣͰˡ֣صֽһ

ֽͷӵίСôТ˳ĶӡֵοȥɡϷڡʹϷҲᱣֽƽٶ³ŵҶµĳŵ

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˯ĺ죬Ҳܰꡣӽʱûзκ죬һѾ˯ۿӽҪֹ

ڴĬĬﰲ˯ݣ˵ĺǻ󣬲ٹ¶ܵ˵ůĸ׵Ĺذ˹ĸ壬˵ҸҸ

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ӾٴϢĳšʱ˯ȴͻȻ۾һŶıӰһξӨˮ۽

һվȥլԺʱͼլĵƻš

ݣͼͿԪУڵ˰֣˵

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ЩӰԾȡôͿһЩǰ壬½ᣬǻŹ£ҪץЩѱ֮

תһ룬Щ˵ЧңͿϲŻһδεΣ֮лΪģҲνǻɣִ׻ƾֲҲЩǻϵ

½ٴλص󣬾ͼͿ߼ڵȺ򣬲ֶ˼ˣɣ⼸ˡ

ǵ˼Ǿͻصңʰ°ϴλˮԼղصļž޵Ͱٲݵϡ

ʱֳﻹиӣǾҲһ˳Ϳǲӻϴδӱ̬и͵ģ滹һЩҪӵ顣

һӦʰ֮Ϳɣҫ˻У·;⣡

ྸѩѹˣǵͷ鷳֣ӦòãʱͿ˭˭鷳ˡ

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Ǵ뾩ˣվǱϳġҡͷЦǷ̰

ȱŴ֮һȱ˳˳ǡ

ֻ߳˳ʻ˰֮תͷľУĵƾǣүһٴλģ

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Ӵ˳ȥ֮󣬴ʱмҲӱųǣʻϹٵβȥ

˵ʲôͿСѱྸϳ˾ǣ

ʵһ׼Ҫȥϳ֮ʱͻȻҴһڻʵ۸ǰ˼䣬ʵɫͳ

Сھڣʵۺ˳£ٴ׳ʹַ΢仯ͷãԤڷչ

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ǲŵõôһѵõĹı֮ţȻͱྸǿӲظϳ˾ǣʵͷŭѾ̲סҪˡ

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ǰһ˵һĻʲô塣

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µģҲеĵطܹһϯ֮أɶǿߣֻʵҪȵȡ

ҪھΪ׻ƾһϯ֮أϼ°ףҲǴһǳĻҪάϵҪʵˡ

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Ʊʻ·ϣһֱ˼һЩ⣬Ҳȥǰ·ΪƱ߹ݣȻʶ·;

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˵ͷٶȲݲƽɽ·󣬾ǰһﴦһؿһЩ֮ڽʼ顣

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ӵڵؿʱҾͷһһֵңİ·ˣһգȴڳ˼˵һң뿪ʱżȻоɫ죬٣˵Ѿ˲ɡ

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٣˼ǣҪһСϷƺ⻰˼ҲɷŹЦ

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ݳҲһдͳУȻ義ǰ㸻ûʣҷ¶֮硣Ҳжصķ

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һ֮󣬼ҲҵҴſ˰ɽʾǼһһи󣬱˳ţӴҡڵؽ˳ǡ

ǰͿԪһݱӵʱòûʲôϡ֮ھڿ֮ⶫĹãֱһڱؿԺֱײ֤֪ͨΣ½  ½ڸ֧࣬ߡ֧Ķ

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ݳ䲢ʵȻе㺮䣬ҹݿݺ

ڽϣۻĴ˿һ۵¶̯Ǻһ̡̯

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ÿ룡к΢΢һЦ    кһվˣͶԱߵ˵үүʮ

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һкͶżڵľ崿ŵϣӿ渰ص㣬㣬͵ĺܾµ̳״ûз仯Ҳ嵭һŨ



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Скȴż˳Թ۵ӣͲ̡Ҳ˼ڣ룬ֵˡѵĲ

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ʱԶһλŮӣʩǦۡòƽ黨ȹıϣС鲽ܿ죬С̯ߺ󡣳Χ˼ۣӶϲ ҪһСۣ

Ůòװ綼Ѱ˼ŮӴ磬ûʲôر𣬵񲢲ʱ۾գգģЩ֮⡣

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Ŀ£˹ȫ£һȳǰģһλúڲˣϸģӿóǸŮˡ

٣һξ룬Ұ⣬ǵʿ˥ֺٻ֣Ӽһм磬Ըһ

˵ټӿ죬ڹٵ֮ϣܿ׷ļһЩ롣

һ˴ԼصʱѾǻĽҰ⡣

Ӳʱͷ׷ļˣǴζЦݣ˵ԽļԽ׳٣ȸǵͷȫ׷֣ҵˣ׷̵ʲôʵ

˵ٷ֮󣬺׷ļ˴ʱɫܡۼͿҪ׷ϣּ˰Ѿٶȸ졣

ɾʱͻȻתͷתλ׷ǰŮ˼״ɫһ䣬彣

ڶ֮ʣŮ˺ȻоһޱĺâԼϮһֿ־壬һֱӰֵĿֻ ֻԼ·һޱϬĺ̴͸ֻƺһѵһ㡣

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ֻһ棬ŮӱѪ漴ˤȥڵϹ˼«ûκζֻʣȻڿ񱼡

һ̫죬˶ûüӳΪ׵ŮӾôĪϢʹβ˵ͷһɹ־Ӱ֡

֣ɱεĸ֣

һһ˻ָɱ˴ͷŮӣʹ˴ʱһֿ־ʿܴ󡣱ɵ˺ȵɱ

䣬ɴ˼ʱһתط֮ʣǿطĺӭ˸档

׼ӽ֮ʱһ˶Էϡ鵶һӣٶޱȵԷæط֮ʣסɵһ֮ʹֻ𡣵һһâӳ֮һѪܵͷ䵽ϡ

սڵʯ֮ʣ˵ķӳһġֻգۼ˫ӵĹ˱˱ӵ˻С

ʣµٿ죬Ӽ˵Ļһ󣬼ֻһ棬˱У֪Էʵ̫ǿǲǶ֣⡣

һ

Ӽٴδһ׷һˡ    ǲŹκһߵĻᣬѾӸղŵսжϳƽʵǿҲʦ߼ʦ֮䣬˵ȥһλܿս

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ӿû˼ǳֿȭضԴֲͬμû壬κлɱԷֶΡַݣͻ֡

Ʊͨת󣬶ܼٵǿһ硣Χס֮ʣӴӲλյ˱Եһλˡְνֻءһһƾһ硣

Ǻķ㣬ǽƴļȱʹӲ˰ģһСֻ֮õԼʺһɱ 漴һѪӿȥ

׾ڽ֮ϻΪΣղһһλ˼ʦǰҪɵ֣οֻʦĺˣɱȻ͸ɱֻһ򵥡

ӱһնɱһλ֮󡣱ֱսʡƱٶ֮󣬾ڲԶͣĮ˾һ㣬в˵ؽʣµĶҵʬ

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˵һʵɱһսɵľ͸ϷһǸ߼ʦͨʦ֮ȽĪࡣ

˽ս󣬱ٴηصߣɵȻҪԸǡʵ

ƱĶ䡣Ƶ˻һһСܡ

˸󣬱㵭˵˵ǽӦĸ־ǳǲӾβǶˣȻѾ˳ǣЩҲᣬ鱨Ӫȥ飬סǣһãһ·УɱǸֲֳ̾״ƣ

˵ţһƱ֮󡣸˻һһ㡣ʻ

ļƥƱӰ죬ɼϣ㼲ٿ񱼿һ˾һϮҰļ磬ٳضȥ

ǵݵĻ;ˣʮʱ䡣Ӵһˣ˵Ļɽ˴죬ѳݡ

ʱ֣ɫѾ˳ݵؽȻܹĲ߲ݣܲסһ˱︽ĴһũЪ֮ء

ӿݽĺӿڣԽкӿڴ塣

Ӽ޵ţӲξˣϱźӸ˼ޣֻϺһ˿һС˶ɺάơ

δ봺ӷⶳһıũڼҡϺҲв˴޶࣬ȣҴ峤ޣ峤㽫ƼϺС

ӳǮЩϺô峤ũ˶ٷ˳ԹιϺˮϢˡ

һҹ޻

ɫʱͼϺѾ汧һݻ˩ιϣƱϺİˣιϡԣƱ˻һҲҳԣֻŲϣƱȤ    ϺһĻмɺԵ

ӳ֮ɼҲͬʱݣ˹ǲϿ˼ۣƱ֮󣬽ǲ͵ߣƱſʼʳҲųϺһĿɿڴ

Ʊϣˮ֮ʮǮϺ֮󣬵ϲˣ̣ʹˣ

ϺָǮæƴǣλСϺ⣬ѾϺϺмˡǮϺȴҪã

ӵˮ⡣ϲðµȺˮⶳлƣͲҪƴˡЩϲ

ƴǲǮлʣϺ֪޲𣿡

ϲˮ⣬ɽ֣Ҫȥݳǣ˶ɿڹҶ·ɻб·ߣ

Ϻ룬ҡͷǽ磬λСҪȥݳǵĻϹ˺ӣҪһζɽ·ɽбѩΣգҲ̫㡣·ֻдʮķҶȥûб·ˣλС绹ߴ·ɣҪȥݵĻϺ֪ߵ·

һȥݣ·ָôߣ

ϺȥݵĻӿڴıϹ˺ӣźӰ·߶ʮһƬ֣ɽҲͰܷȥ˰ɽ֣ʮܵݵˮˮȥݳǣһȦӡ·;еԶˣ

ȭǱϺ֮ż˳뿪

˺ӱʱʵǸ·

ӡƵȥݵˮ˵꣬һǱĺϹ˺ӣźӰȥ

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ݽ紦һ˶ɿڣáʮǰȥ·ǱȻҪҶġ

ϴһϼǵʱ򡣾Ҷ򣬾˽

ӱ飬֪벻طͬĴﲼַɱǣԷҶ򣬲Էͨ

һб飬·Ͽ϶ҪϷɱȻӲ塣ܲϲһ·Եúܱ

ںӿڴ壬ϺһָС·ָ֮ı⡣

䱻ϵķ绯Ϊݣ;ݣȻ·Զһ㣬һ·λСƻʲôģǷǳ˼һ¡

ǽǼ˫Բ뵽ӻϵѣ֪ҲʱյõӵĶ򣬼ȻҪϻԼϷôӼʹֻҲҪϻԲãĵ

ˮݶһϺָ·жʮ󣬹ɽƵͰֲǺïܣҲ޳ûɴС

ɽ֮һƽ֮أۣʱ֣ˮĳǳѾԶԶ

ǿӵĵһоǣ

ҵĽ֣ǲִٽģһ۾שߵĵͰӣС̯ࡣȺϡ٣ҲôȼңСϢŨ

¥ʮ壬ֻһˣƹ˽ʱƹڴ˯

ʱƹһѹˣͺ񿴵˲һһֺĵͽӭ˽

˸£˼ĲˣһСˮ㡣ɫˣƹһСܣһߺƹߺȥ

ʦûУӲҡͷⶼ̶ˣرմ档

һôæʱƹʱС˳кˣӵƹģ¥ûа﹤ûгʦοã

ƹһ⻰СĵĴ˿λ͹ˡ֪Ŀడȥ˸Ƥ٣ͷ˰˰أŪó˴ȥգȥȥˣС꣬ǼҸģ̳ȥֲţԾôaӲϢĽšҸǮĳӰ﹤Ҳȥһȥˣʱпȥλ͹ٶൣ޵գСĻܸλ֤ģ

ȻĹԱܣΪβȥݳݸ£ӳ⿴˿ڵ

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Щɧһݵݸʲô

˵λݸҶԭڿְٽ׺ֻƷûݸ󡣵ͳݸ һ˲ٹϵ˲Ǯƹĭ

˵Ĺ򣬴ʱһλΧȹĸŲ˾˳˷ŵϣɿ˼һֻۣ˳

ӳǲ˿˼ۣ࿴ôţǳ£ζûʲôص㣬ԣҲͨҳ˵ζٷҲܳԵá

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£ƹʱᵽϣǾģһЩصĻ⣬ƹϻӱ֮󣬾ղסˡϲظӽһѹڽݵ顣

ջӶʣµĲɿ˼ۣѣƹѹûٶ졣

ûʲô˳Թ֮󣬸˷Ǯ˼ʮĵǮ󣬿ɰƹ򸾿ĵüЦƹӻûǮƹȣһѶǮͻ˺ãƹЦеأһ·ͷؽͳ˾¥

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ƹݳǣʱ䣬λ͹;ԵϽЪţϽǸǣˮԣˣ඼ǽϵ⣬ͨˮ·ȥڴӷⶳ½·Ļһʱ·λ̣ҪϽĻ¾Ͱҹˡ

˵ţƹ֣ЦλĻڱסһޣ·ܵϽÿЪϢ

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Ҷ֮жݺݵĽ紦һɿڣٵߡǱؾ֮أɿڣҲֶɡ

Ѿǰʱ֣еֶɸһƬţ︽ûʲộɿڼڴӱ֮Ͳˡ

ʱԪıżλϵĺɷսʿǱеֶɸѾ÷࣬ɷսʿҲòȥ

ѾһˡĿһֱδҪ뿪ĿͻȻ֣ȫѾ챻ˣ˵ɱˣֻܺЩȡů롣

һֱҹʱ֣Ԫı䣬ҲǼΪǷŭϢݺ󣬽ڷֶɸĿһֱ֪֡Ҫصʲôʱ

һλɷսʿһֱȥҲǰ취ǵԪıǷֳ˵⸽ѰһֻǱ˵ͿСӵĽթ˵׼ǲڷҶ˽š

Ԫıԥ£룬ͷã˷ͷҶ͸Ĵϴ̽һϢһϷѶţ

ȥԪıʹ֣޺޵صСӳ·Իݣûб·ߣҾͲɵʱҪ˺ӵι㡱

ڽԪıߵһλͻȻԪı磬ô졣ˮ  

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 ڶһ Ͻ

ҹʱĲţ첷û¼ֻ ģܰ顣

Ͻ⣬ҹɫһԣСǵ飬ѸٵƮ

ԶԶ⼸ƶٶȺܿ죬գۼĹ֮һ㼱ѾǺܽˡ

Ͻ⣬ǽ񣬳ŽգͣǽϵϳĻͱ¶ˣڳǽΧתһȦ

ϽطĳвƣڳⲻԶĹٵдһϲǵˣũҼޡ

ũҲһЩС⣬һмϡͼмſڹŵдһġޡҿԼޣͦġ

ӲûڿٵͳǽũмޣתһȦӺũһ󳡣ũʳµԾţضѷ󳡵УһЩװϣ׼ߵġ

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ЩɻҲûᡣҵ˸һҷЩ¾ɡſڹһ紵ɹѾ쿴ּľƵũңÿҵš

ŵһԼѮͷűŹȣԵͰվź塣Ӽ˴˼ۺ󣬵޵ĻÿʮǮһ

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ͷŹֵؿһۡü˽Ժ

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ӽ֮ʾϢһûź󣬿ǰҩͷϲǵһ졣ʳϣȥѰЩι

󳡵˿ιɵżչЩв˽ԵȡԸ˵ʱԵЩ߿

ͷı飬Ӳ²ЩˣҲû˵ʲôͳԺӡ    ŵļҲһҿԼ޵˼ңǰװҲԣ˼ңӹȥţһֵ̬ĸ˿ţɨһۣŵСҪޣ

չЩιϵ󾫿ҵģƷӵ

⻰ǸɫͻȻһ䡣š

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ߵͷҼ޵İɡ򲻻֪󳡵ҼҵģȻֻιԿɶЩȥǮǣ

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һ⽭ҵԤôأܵջðɣ߹طθûҪôϽ˾ͽˣ

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˳ӣߵߵλ磬˺Ǳ˴ģǵʲôˣ

ˮУԼȥ˾ͳȥͷͷ˵һ䣬ͼӷҩ

ӵ˱ˮһں󣬵ղҵǼˡ˵ԤˣﲮҵգǲǲֻǼҵģһҵİɣ

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ô֪ʱȣͷʱҲתŹֵӣôС˵Ļ䶼ʵ顣

ӵһ²֪ǾǽҴչô󾫣Ҫʲôɷ֮

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ע⵽Щװƽ֮󣬾Ͳװˣеˣװúʻȥ

ЩԶȥ˷Ǯ˻װȻЩ˳ǡ

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ֱæˣվɿЩ̳ӶܷŪʲôֵķĩһЩŵ֬װ˾̳ɲʣЩã

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⻰ɵ˶ǰһͬصüı

ӵͷЩͣڽſڣҪһͬǸһǧѷĺûᣬһ

˶˹һ֮󣬱Ե㡢ͷͬʱ¶һ˿յЦݡԾԾԡ

ҹɫˮһϿգһǣһƬڰֲָ

紵һɹɺǶůļУ¯ůЩѾ§ڱﻥĦ

ϽҹʮֵļžƺֻǹĺХ硣

Ȼ

ڵҹɫ֮УӰǼ飬ֹ߽Ʈ٣ٵӰֻ֮һϡ

ϵĸۡľʽṹլȽϾԶÿ紵ʱһЩݵľ춯еѾϰΪ

һĨҹѸٵӽϵĸ֮ۡʣſڿػļͻȻͺȵ˭

Ӱһ⼸ɻ󲻶ĴһƬ ǲõѣֻŹ߱ȽϰĵҲǺӰˣ˭СèС    Էһ˱ʼĴѲߡ

Ǿ˲߿󣬴ʱĨӰѸٶڵҹǵųʹӳ˼ĨӰڶ£һɫâϮֻԡһֻһƺߣء

лݶӡֵܴ֧֡ءݶִ¡



 ڶ ٳ

ڵҹɫֲָϲںڰ֮еʱ̾Ƕȡ˵ɱӰٵʱΡ

ڽլʱѲߵЩǣͲ֪һ˫֣֮ѾȻ    ФƬ̵ĹڽլѲߵǣϢ֮еءҲû



֮Уһ촫һŨ˱ǣϢľζӸӿһŨҵѪȣʹڰ֮ҹҪһ¡

Ͻǽϼլڵأнۼһ֧￴ë  ͸ͿЩƣլһλ֧ϵﶨӣûȫᵽݳǡ

سڽϼ֮УˣȽһҪߣΪϵĳһֱϽլһЩʽϺõıݳ峤Ķ⣬ص֣ҲͽسɺĶӣҲǰ˾żʦмרűĺɷսʿ

ʱسںͶӽݱˣѸߣΪжʱ·ϸעһЩϸڣнһЩ̸֮

Ȼ춯ýլ֮˻ǾȽسΪС͵ǰ͵ЩʳЩҲЩʦӦˡ

þòҲû˴ʾǾʶ˲سվչ£ȥĪҪ˳˻͵һӦʣǿҽϽеļҵˣβۺܷɹɰҲڴһˡ

ײضǣϽûǸеҽ͵ԡĶҲʦԸЩڻ£ûжӦûʲô⣬ǲûʾɡ°ο˵

سЩ¡ЩɷսʿȥЩʰɣвɴ⣬һϹͷȻж̫㣬Ըһ˻ǲ⣬ͲǱˣ

˵ˣҲֻõͷеļɷսʿǻЩǣʡвʧ

ǣɷսʿӦҪţʱسŵһζɵʲôζľζ

ɻûе˵꣬ʱͻȻһܻǻĹâӳ֮£нسɻн·׷ɫ䣬ζã˷Ż𣬿죬еļȫȻ𣬿

´ʱеķŭѾɫŤȻ˵ҷŻﱸ˺ܳʱʣǼλɷսʿߣץݻ֣͵ظɱ˵ţ¾ʹźɷսʿҴҳš

լ֮⣬ʣЩ̵˸˵ĻڱõЩ֮ڰȼһѡԶԶӵһ֮󣬾ͼǻڡһӾȼܴ

ӵһʱ˻֮ɴ˼ӿٶȣĳЩˮżˮ֮ӭȥĻѸٵش˹Ҳ׵ĵȼ

ֱ֮ۼиѾҲûйǻû˹ͺȵ̳ʣµȫӽլլӣͬլҲˣ

ɵͷ󡣱ž̳һѾȼĻϡ˳ŷƣǾ̳ȼʱͼڡһ̳һȼյĻһ㣬ɺ񲢲»¶һǸߵһǽ⣬ǿľʹլӵľһ

Ѯɹϸڻ橲һ

ֻȼյľ̳ӱҵլӵһϺǾ̳֮н֬ȼʱܿͽܵľͷȼ

ӺҫɡڴͬʱҲλá˳ŷεķ򡣽ǻһľ̳ӽ˽լ֮С

˻֮ӸӦĴаճмɷսʿƽɼ˴˸󣬵

˵꣬˱ѸٵسųǱķȥ

ɲʱ䣬լ֮еһַҲ׵ȼ˳Ƿơӵķǳ죬죡

լſڣʱѾһƬ𺣣

ʮȼһ𣬴ʱ죬Ͻ

еİǶĻ⡣Ҳҵ»ǣ˼ҡ׷ˮͰϴ裬ʢˮͼȻ

ȻһĻЩլгˣˮȼյĻ֮ʱǻƲûϨ𣬷ȼյøʢǻˮȥͻȻ͡죬һ߸ߡ

龰˿ʼ

´żɷսʿϵſʱۼЩȼܻĻ걬Ѫ˫ѪѾѪ죬 ϿȻóеİҲʣºнͣ    ˵󣬽±Լɷսʿϵ쳣İˣ͵ظɱɱ

ź꣬ʱеһλͻȻܹҲڴ˵ϡүլӣҲŻˡƺܴô죿

˵ʲôһʱǺҲ֮£͵һѪô˭Ҫҽ լӿµĻҵλҪջˣҪôԽҵλ氡

ʱһλɷսʿҴүּμ֮ǱӶݶȥ»Ǿݻ֮ˣ

ϸ׷ƴۣҲҪȫɱ¿һ֮󣬱Ŵ˼Ǳ񱼶ȥ

˷˻֮ӶݹСʱͷǻ𣬽լмӵĻƣоһǰδеˬ졣

գҺݺݵգ

ǰһ㱼֮˲ŵһլӸ֮ʱͻȻ˴жСģ

ת򡱡ҲӦլ֮к˱˳һƹլȥ

ڴʱլ֮ͻȻһĺȵСߡ

žͼլӵűƿͼһλһλˣͳ˳סӼǰе·ϡ

ǻ𣬿Ƿŵģ˭λ˴ʱصӡ

ǰ洫ʱһլ˴𣬱ȥȻ𡣵תһ룬ǻƺܴ󣬶һŴ磬ȻѾ޼¡ץݻ׷ȻֻǽҵŮӦ񡣻ǱҪġ

ӼһˣЦһǷŵǸҵֻ·һ˵ţӵٳ롣˭赲ɱۡ

ɵ֮󣬱Ӽķ롣

ߣȭ

ʱȴһ̩ɽѹһȭͳӺ

תƳ˵Ĺơųľǻʦ¶һ˿ЦȭͷһգʱȫĹǣ죬ĹǶһ֮׾űԵӿ

 ڶ ;·

λ˵ĹƱȽѴ͡ӵļ氼Ϯ֮ʱŲȷ粽һתһ˵ȭơǹɾ࿹ĵĦš䡣ը졣

ӽ֮󡣴ʱȴǴ󺧣ȫ󲻵ԷᣬҲʮ߰˵ͣȻǰ˼֡

Ҹ̬ǶԷǹɱƽ֯Ŀ񱩾Ȼһλ⵲סԼĹƣǿľķʱѪڣǺ֮͸¶ı䣬оĵһȭҪһ¡

һֵĳͣȷе˵ѾҲûкڵĻˡ

˵ĹƱȽҲȽӲûжÿζǹǿ⵲ɣΪ֪ʵ߹ԷһΣֻҪץ׼ᣬһɱ

ҲǼĸغϲعǿһȭŵĿ񱩻Եľ֮ʣǾӰ죬ͻȻ



ˣ

ץסᣬһĨĺâŲĲһӹ˵壬׾Ŀ漴ӿǴԵһʽȭۼһ𣬹ڵĺըԵĿ֮ƣڵһصغ˵ķ⵲˫ȭ֮䡣

һȭƳ˵Ļ徢ɵˣȴ׾񱩷˲䣬ٴα任ȭʽ޿ɵֵ֮ƣٴδ羢һ塣



ըԵľʱ˵ؿڿ񱩵˳ͷ·ڵλ˵ؿڱը˿һû˿ĵֵһѪ֮󣬱ߵķһԶԶƮԶصˤڵϡҲûϢ    ˱һȭɱ֮󣬴ʱһ˫Ŀ졣ǿҵʺɱ⣬һʨһ㣬սȭͷͳӳˣȼǿҵս־ĸ

ӣʱɼ˳ȥֻһ֮¡ͱɼһȭɱƲһۺתۿĸӣһ˿ġһеĳɱ⣬ʹɵսȭһĨɱ

նҪ

˴ӣҲֻǸ߼СʿһЩӵľţͽ˺üٴʱһݣȭסȭͷһסĲӣʹһ

ֻꡱһ˴Ķʧˣ˫ֽסӵ֮ʱȴҲûɿ

ӽ˺ ŰҲŵ֣Ǿӵ弶ʦʵĸ֮ʡһȭǸڵһ˳ȥصײһǽϣͬǽҲײȥ˽ȥ

Ѹٳ롱

תɼѾʣµˣͺһ֮󣬼˱ٴⷽȥ

λһ˵赲ӣӼӶݵٶȻһЩżɷսʿѾ׷

¿ԼŮһ˵ڵϵ龰֮۾бɱ⣬˵ƺ˱ǵеһɱ⣬ѾڸһеСеıʹߺޣȫڽԵƵС

żʦ

ӿ⽭ųƣܵһǿѹǵϮ۾ͫһ۾ȭͷһ֮һɱըԵϢȻųǹѹƵֵ˻ȥ

ţ

¼ŵľȻʩѹֵ˻Ƕ֮ͨһĨǿҵɱ⣬ɫŤ;а˼ʦʵ߳ңⱱͿϡûˣ˭СɣϷҲͿϳʧȥһλŵʹζ

ɱ˻ϻӱ⽭һۺ󣬳ϻ֮ʣѸٷƣѮɹϸԻ˦橲һһɷսʮܵĻᱻӸƣֻ̫ޱսˣϲ

Ǳɼ˵Χȱɱ    ɼ֪ĵ൱ʵ൱ǻһˣǸżʦսСӵķԸΧȱ˼һɱ֮С

һȶǽ·ϻʱۼӸӣյڰŷԸɱУеһɱŭӿżʦǿţһǺ硣

һǿƥѹѹӴ˿̸оѹǰδеĴһλżʦսֲһߵĸоƺֻˡ

Ѫʼϵط

ڵһеȫڰǹɷڵѪ֮֮ʱԼγһ޵͸֣±ϮĹٿ֮ǰԵһǿ¡

·粽ʱӾһֻĺڽ¹ľѹʱܿǿƷâȻ׾ԷನǿƶԿϾز಻ϣǳζġ

ʱ߶ȼУ˿¶Է

Ǿżʦ˼ʦ֮仹źܴĲ࣬Ӹ߶ȼоڶܶԷغϵǿʱನزһڲϳߵĽʯӿȡ

֮ıʱһɷ֣ǹزϮʱ㻤֮ϣһɹɷ·ҪѵĴ죬µÿһϮǱɱȭ⹥ƣ粽֮ʣȴȻˡеѪڲϵطڡ

һֱѹӵĽп񹥣ҪڼغھҪСӵǽʮغϹȥˣСӵĲųı֮мһȵ쾢ķ⵲Ĺʼڱǲܻǿһ£ĹҲֻǱȵöԷϺˡ

ԽԽҲԽԽŭͱһλżʦȻһСӶκβˣۼǽլ֮ȼյԽԽҵĴ𣬻ڽŮıʬ壬еĵɱ⣬һαǡ

ӴʱҲܵ˽ǱǵĹƣҲԽԽо粽֮ʱԺ֮˻ָۼƲ˻ָ



´һڽɱǵǿ֮Ҳ˽ӵܶеǿս    ǧϮȭ

ͼȭһ˲ȻһֻӰĳ̶ȣȭӰǿϮʱֻоķǧӰȭ⣬ÿһÿһ಻ϵĳҲ֪ǧӰȭ

ĹƣӵԺ֮˲뵽˵ɱ֮ʱ龰ѩѩȭ⡣ȭ֮ͬ

ӷ⵲֮ǻóǿȭ֮УŽ±Ķ򣬽ҪǿսԱΪ

µı֮ʣͲ޷ֵľϮѹ¼ӵĶӳ֮£ԵŤͷ·ǵĶһ̶Цɣ

ۣ

ͷ·Ǳȭϡ类󺣿ûʯ ֮ϵĻ徢ʱݿƳ֮ǹǧȭȭһǼشػӵϣӿѪӿȪˮ

Ѿоһʹʱȫ־ȫڶԷǰΪͷâһ

ȣлƼˮԵ ģַ֧֣֪Σ½ ½ڸ֧࣬

 ڶ ıɱ

䣡䣡

ǿƵĺɱսϮǧػӰȭ⣬˽ڱ֮ʷʵҲһǱϮõȭ⡣ѡӡ

һȭ⣬ϣϵอһɹ˺ѵʹαʱвѪǽӶľѹ֮һѤõѪ֮    Щöȭ⣬Ȼܹ˺ȫܹʼεŽǰȫΪȫĹƣãʵһ

䣡

ڴʱһ˺ѵı֮˵ĶĤڷǿս֮صռһ

Цţ

һֻ浩ÿһѪܸ֮ľϴһ˿ĿУ

һּȳԹ֮¡ʵʩпᱨʱһսĿСѾڻһ֮󣬶Է֮ʱһĿ־

ǣһıϮӵľ񼫶Ⱦ۽һ·еת˹٣ѾԼϵʹжԷвȫľ־ֻռһ

ٿȻ

ӼԷǶãɽһľȭľʱʼת֮еϴʱѾһּ£֮УһĨǺ֮⣬һȭϮ

ӵ屾ܵһȭľ˽¶Ĺ켣ߣһȭ֮ڳɹض˹ȥ

䣡

ȭѹ뽭ȫΪĹųĿ񱩾һǿĳڣķ֮ʹ˲м䱻ƿһ޴ޱȵĿն

ʲôôܣ

ȫΪʵĿһԷȻ˹ȥֻǱԵȭĳöԷһƮµɴ۾Ĳš

Ȼɴ۾ʱ̣ͻأؿӺȻ¶һЦݣЦݾͷ·к¶ĺ΢Ц΢΢һ㲻״Сӱһɵ˲ɣ

Ȼ

ڶԷ˲һ֮ԶľʱһιŹֵط֡ԷȻ˴Ĵָʲôͷ˾ȻϷʵѵֺϷһС

ڽ±ĴָԻ֮ʣͻȻоһɼǺϢǹϢȵѸݣ֮εһȻҲһֶ޿ɶĴ

һֱӰֵĴһɲǼ䣬Ȼ˶ԷͶ΢ЦĴĴָʲô˼

Ǿһʾ΢ЦĴָ֣һֻȡ֮

һɲǣ¸оԼüͷйɱ֮⣬оƺֹͣתĴƺ˹ٹǰһĨȵѪǣʹе磬һƬѪɫճڰԨ

˻ָѣһɱһָһ

ӶԷһನӰʱҲ˻ָɱеʱڵȶԷڱɱһʱҲڵᡣ

ץסǽ֮ʱ

˵ǣץס˻ᡣһָ֪˻ָ˲࣬ΪֹǵһһΪѾˣ

һߵսһָĴĴָҲΪаɣ

ɱ˽£ҲûзɡΪǵսûн֪滳սȸ֧ԮҪս

»ϵЩƵȭ⣬֮֮ʱĻ壬Ҳֻ𵴣ЩѪʹӸں

˿оȻЩʣǰʱǰأս

̧ȥɼһֱΧȱķʽսǶһ£ʱѾɵλɷսʿȴҲˣƴ֧ţҫĬϻػŲʹء

ʣµɷսʿʱʿȽϵ䣬Ϊ޷֧ԮµʱŽԴüıһѪ֮һġ

żʦԷһλ˼ʦɱˣǵ˻֪Ǳսɣ

Ӧº󣬴ʱɷսʿĹٴμǿ׼Ҫʯˣ룬ҫս֮Уȵ˺Χ֧Ԯ

ûԥִһһȭڶԷ֮ʱʱˣӼϡ

ҫӼϣʱս֪Ӽ֮ôƱٶȣǴʱһĨˣ׽Ӱ

ǰĶ߼ʦӴÿһǶǿϮǿ񱩻Ե׾ӰԷͬʱʹԷĶ΢΢һͣҫץסᣬԷ档һȭصػλɷսʿĺ󱳡

λɷսʿʿѪڷѹƲסһǰ㣬ؿ͵ǰ

Цһǿ񱩻ԵڵȻ֯Ŀ񱩼ѹһǱʱɷսʿһ˳ȥ

ԷսٴδʱϣĬӻɱһɷսʿͬʱɵȣԷһȭʱѸٲϣʵʵشɷսʿؿڣɷսʿѪ屩֮ʱҫ˳ƶľȭһ׵ľҪɷսʿ    ˵ʵĿǰ߼ʦ۷壬һĻ£ǵ츳Ҳ˼ʦսɷսʿУ඼Ҳ߼۷壬ֻʣһλŴﵽ˼ԲŽôá

潭һǰλɷսʿʱѾУĴһ£ɷսʿҲڿ֧š

ȺŹôĻ˵ȵսҪǿĶ࣬ҫɴʱٶƣʱǺɷսʿĲвβѹˡһһֱѰһĻᡣ

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ϴҫһǰһȭСɷսʿıһǿǿľҹɱ

սἯ

ɱһɷսʿ֮ɴ˼֧Ųסƣ

ԣ

Ӽл죬լĴȼգǹķƣ˳еլӣʱѾҳһࡣ

ⳡ硣Ҫյǣ֪Ҫǣ޹ˣ̾Ϣһ֮󣬱תͷżѸſڡ

ſڵ𣬹ѾȥȻˣ˼ʲû˿ءҫ˳֮󣬼˱ٳǡ

ĴϣһȥһҼ޴ũ֮óԪһˣһԼº֮ǾԪҩЧ⿪Ȼõһѭ׵Ľҩӷ

 ڶ ϵķ

˴ԼʱңӽǾתѭ֮󣬸оöˣǷµľԪҩӷ֮Ҳõ˼Ĳ䡣

һҵ˶ǹ΢΢ʹʧҲûκεĲʣǽµıɱսһ⣬ȭӰ죬Ӳû̫ص˺

ϣߵһУ̽ɵơ

΢΢ЩԾǣɵƻָٶȿþ

̽ʱɾȻûзԪĸ֮£ɵƺܿͻָ߰˳ɡ    ϺɿӳԾı飬͵ѩ峤ٵԭʵҪڳˣǵ츳ѩڣֻսԽͬ޲ˣĸҵƲ÷ЩҩҲָܻ

Ȼ˵Ȼˣ˵ز˾Ǿ̣

Ӧ֮󣬱׷ӳȥ˸֮󣬾ƱԶ˻һȻʹһСＱʻ

ɲؿʻƱڣؽǲҪٵᶪ߱͵ˣ

ƱǰͣҲԹԸͣƱӵĸ첲ȻҲѧյ˸ǰñޣⳡȤ

ЦЦǸ˻ƱȻ㷭˵Ͻ飬ǵִݳʱҲᴫݳǣȻҪѪҪչΧˣڶ࣬ʱâ

ȻˣһȥɼҲʵ

ȥݳˣǰʮһȥݳǵļȻתʯ쿤ֱͣӴƵٱϣݳǵƨɺ棬ҾҪ⽭׽ԲصϷſڴϣôǧ

ĻгҪ죬ǻвڵĸˮʣˣɵ

ǿ˳Ұһûг裬ǿݱߵˣҲԽ벿ݵļƻСȫ̴ңѾ贫ŻȥˣǰѽĽƣ֮ʱʱǱߵսʿҲӦܸϵˣһҪ⽭ϳ׵ļëѹѪ

ƱĶƱ˻һһǰ㣬˳ָķ񱼶ȥҲ˻һϣһʧҹɫ֮С

ϽⳡȻĺ֮ţ

ѾаǱⳡǿֻ״Ѿˣֻܾʲˡ

ȴӽլ֮ģȻϲ˵еʹޣһʱĳޣɾһѼ⵶ýһп˵еı޷йֻĬĬܰǵָ

سڴյ֮û뿪һֱõǰʹĪش

ΧѾڷڵλƴȥȣɲһȴˣҲܲˣλȫڻҲû뿪ȥܣسʼڵλջǱĴ֮С

ХõĴϽеⳡһˣʼûбϨ𣬶ĺȴԽԽˡ

ƳڰϽ֮ϽҲǻˣֱ֮󣬺ͣϢⳡյ˳ǽ֮ҲֹͣӣɳȻ졣

ݣ

ͨϽٵ·ϣʱ㼱ϵʹϸγĪ˻ţϵݴѾܵƣƥ

ѪЩƤ˺Ѻۣڲϱ֮ʱ˺ѣԽԽ

ֱܵϽӸѾҲ޷ˣͣĵ£˺ȺѾٱܡ    ԪıʱѪͨ죬ȭͷգǣ죬촽ҲҧãڲϵѪ

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Ԫı޷ֱϷŪĽȵķŭޣʼһģץĲʣؿʼһԵıƣ̲סۡһһѪӿڻӳ֮£һĻ䡣

նѾ˳ǣϴǳǳӳˡ

Ԫı֧ţѾ˹ȥ

Ԫһıʹ۽ǹѪᣬƣ壬ҵ˽һ֮еˣ֪Ż׷ѽһسɵĺɷսʿɱߣسһٵ֮󣬽Ԫʵ̲סһҲԹȥ

ʹĴκ˶޷ܡ

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檣

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۵һ˿̲԰׵˼£֮еĻ棬ʧȥǣȫľӿʱеļҾ߰裬ȫꡣ

վǰŵɷսʿҲʦıųɣѪ

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ֽץŴΦѾץ÷飬Ϣ󣬾ǱһУһ⵽˳׵ĴݲС

ϵһĻŽԶն׵ĳʹ࣬һֱڲͣ

ڼУʼгǰοذʹּȵʹ֮һֱһǻĳ֧ţҪҪͿ壬ҪǧУֻƽеĴʹ

Ȼ

ϲԾ˵Ǹ˶һεĲһʧˣһΰӵС

һΣԷĲĲʹ֮һݺݵĴ̵̣սʹ֮нһž֧׵ı˳׵ıˡ

ſڴϣѾɫҲңһ룬оʹ

ϽǱٻ٣ϵĸһĴһ˿Ǳ׵ˡ˷䣬ٻ˼֧ϵļڰϢ֮ϵˣ׵ı÷ˡ

ҪҪҪɱҪй

һеľﱣֵһǳ׵ʧȥǷˣ

֪ӻݣٻн벼ݵˣȫչֹΧ׷ɱݴطˣ

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լ֮УͿԪ֮ϣͿͿԡͿͿɡͿһЩи֧ϵļһãÿ˵ϣһοְһ֮ɫ

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ͿͻȻɫصصסݣһѻ˽ϵĸ½ϻչΧΣգҲҪʵʩжУ

ͿԪ޵ͷҲʱˣЩݵĲãҲ˴¼룬ǵҲû˺֮ǣ

ʱ˽һţͿԪһۿţվӹȡ˳һ֮󣬱ЦһһΣϷҪǰȥһǽ϶ˣȫֻ̿ΪԸһӣҲóˣ㽭βϷҲûˣ

˵꣬ͿԪ޵ȥ֪ͨ塣ٻݸսʿԴһԷϳ룬ٸݣ֪ͨǲһ֧Ԯݸϣø״˸跽㣬ܸݣ׸ҶȡϵĲ÷ռһЩ֤ϣҶˡһνϵı췴Ǳˣ

ͿԪ޽ܸɴؽ½ȥ֮󣬸֧ŵļǱԻ뿪׼ȥˡ

˶ֻʣͿԪ޺Ͱŵү˴ζԸϵж˴ģҲпܻԤүСΪϣϷҲͬүһͬǰȥɣ

ͿԪ޵ʵϣ㻹ݰɣ뽭ϵѵһĳ̶ȣҲ֮ս˴˻ᣬҲȻᵽչһЩжݻҲŷš

ͿԪ˵֣ء񽻴׿һӦȻˣϷʹƴҲҪͿ϶ȫ

ǺӼ財

ݵɽҹһ̻ĴߣߴνǧףͷʹƻȴֱȽϵͰǾ

ɽһؾӶࡣ˼ʱҲһЩǿ޳ûΣϵɽһɽ

һ˸·ɽһԵ֮Ѿ˾⸽һСͣЪš

󣬼ˮѾ꣬ˮѾˣº⸽Щգ

Ʒ룬ҲãҪ̫ɽɽ

Ӧ֮󣬾ʹŹ߽֣ҫҲûţһЩвݺˮĵطι

ȴǴɽֺüͷ΢΢һ壬ɽΧ˼ľ»ΣգҫǣǲҪɽ֡ԲҲûϵȫһ

ҫţһιɵķȥ

ֺ󣬼ĴЩطɵ յأС٣

˰أǵٱȽΣЩǹţڰ۲ʱһˮԱ߿һֻˮķ

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һƿ֮ʣͼһֻǹһ㼲ѩ⯱һ㣬ǹĺ֮ϣѩȴһһȳһյˡ

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ӣѩѩ⯣˱ɽȥ

˰֮ʱͻȻо춯˾֮ 춯ȥֻ̽һ֮̽·֣ʱҫһֻѩ

ɱ

ᡣбʶ޵ıܣɴʱһ۾ϳֻѩǣáǾޣȥ֧Ԯ

˵ţһҫսţӺ͵ϮһҫΧֻǾҲʮֵĽƻ֣һһγҫ˶ΪҫץˣһֻǾȻҪơ

ʱϵ˿ŹᣬһȭǾ޵ĺλáǾһķ֮˳צһˣȴԾҫֱһצץɵĲ硣ֻꡣһɵļ˺áϾͱһצۣѪֱ

Ѫܴ̼˵ս

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Ǿ޻ҪʹͬĹʱһγױҫˣǾ֮ʣҫһȭͻѩǺƤë֮ ǾһͣץסᣬγذףݣһһâǾ޵ĶƿһĿӡ

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ʹǾޱһ֮ҲûٶԼ˹ص˼һۣѸٵתһسӶݶȥ

뿪ס˿ڣҲûᣬ֪ѩǾ޵Ľƻһٻģ´ĿܾȺˣǱͺһ˴ѩ⯵ȥ

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ҫ֪ô˵Ѿ׼ˡ۾һ죬Ǳأ

˵꣬ҫԥת⼱ȥֻ·ϣһӨˮλһȻ䡣

ͣ׷Ⱥ˶һۣ˶Էе޻ᶨ

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ʱʮֻȺͻȻÿһ˸Ӧһɼǿѹ˵ɴ۾ȥͼȺ֮СʱÿĵϣһֻȫѩסһɵɫαͨǾ޴һԵ൱ľǱʯһӵɶˣǱƽ    ֻǣϴһӦеơ

ͬʱ˿֮һĨ־֮ɫͬʱѩ

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Ȼʱ

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˵ˣǲΣգҪҵ룿ӴҫĻ˵Ͳ˵ѣѾ㣡

һȺǾްҫʲôߣ񲻰װ

ȥվҼȻǳӦùͬˣ빲ῴֵգԼӵġ



ִСȥٴδһѾһּȥ    ҲתͷҫҪԥˣҵȼǸҲȫ

ҫһҧһֶȥ

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ʱԺ֮УֻһͷǾǶЩȺһ쳷룬ֻѩһߣһޱȾ޴вʹڴˡȻҪǸ

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ΧЩȺŵѪȣʱ궯ȴ᲻ʱֻѩдľη

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һֻѩ֮ʣɽٶƶǲȵһ֦һ£һģǾϵʮĬ֮ʡֻѩǱ˵ڵռ졣ҪɵĲҧ£

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ڱǾ˵һѾǾˣҲûȥֿ˰죬ȴǾ޵ҧ£ͼֻǾĺֻ룬ֻҪȻǶϺĽ֡

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ʱֻѩıʹ£˫ֻѰҵǹɽ߶һĨ⡣

н֮ѾӦɵλãղŻдǵĵͺ֮˿̣ȴҲ

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ӴʱĶҪᵽɤˣֻǾҪҧʱҪȥɱѩûҧʵ֮󣬴ʱڻָ侲ĿͶֻѩϡ

ֻѩĿҲóͶߵչ⽻֮һѳõĻ䡣    мΪ죬ֻôǾһλ¹ʵߣ֮УһЩһЩ˷ܣȴûе̰ײС

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ǣȻǼǻ۵һǱǣһνѩǾޡ

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ʱֻѩԽԽӽӡҫɶ˴ʱðòȥѩ֮еߣǹӵеơӴѹһĴ

ϾһֻҰޣˣ

ѹҰ޾ͲͬˣΪ㲻֪θҲҲκλءҪôҪô;һսб£Ҫôͨ

һֻѩͨӵдʱ˿̣ҪŹ֣жŹ֣

£ֻˣл֮ԴȰĬǽ ģĴ֧֣

 ڶ 澳

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ѩֻӵǻ۵ĵαޣһЩɵֶͨ

һϸ룬ȻûֻǾҧɺ˵п빵ͨصġ

ȻԹͨҿֻѩҪʲôֺξ壡

Ӵʱ侲֮󡣱ҫ˵ÿ

ҫɶȻػǰÿЩѩҪǣһӿˡ

ôһ˵ҫɳһۣҲе㻺˿

Ӵʱһ⣬ֻ߹ѩҲ߽

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һۣӻֻ߽ѩѩ֮һ˿䱸֮漴ʧ٣˹ȥִıӴͷųһ֮ա

ѩʱ۾ʱͷ֮ʱƴؿʼɣ

ǣͷһͲˣȻָָڵϵˡ

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ӼһĻеǿʯڷֻҪֻѩ֮ô˵ΣϡһЩ֮ûʲôˣһܲ

ƺѩﵽĳĬЩ֮֮󡣱ȥǣҫֻѩ֮£˼Ǳ㳯 ɽȥһȺѩβǵ    ·ϣӵʼվһʵ̫ˣǽҪȺѩǵϱˡ

ǰɽѩ֮ʱʱھɽʮص忤Уʮʮ

ʮʮ糾ͣϴƣǵ鶼Ȼһֱ뼫ȵĳ޵С

һ·βĴѰмĽԪıʯ쿤ĴݳǷ׷ظϹļɷսʿһеĳһ

һǽµĳӣ±ӼɱϽǴ뱻ٻ١ϵĸ٣үүس𺣣Ľһʹ裬ݳϢ֮󣬾Ȼɷսʿ뿪ݳǡҪѰݴأҲҪҵǸΪ׺үүѩޡ

ݴ֮ϡϵ˵ڷѰӼ˵мԪıһֱѰӵ׷һõʯ쿤Сˡ

Ԫıǿ˵ϽһЩ¼һ걩ҧ޲һһڵؽҧɷ顣

ΪԪıѾһЩգѮɹ࣬µķƣ뵢飬 ʼ飬һηϽǵĲҰʱ֮ӣ뽭һʯϢһʱͼ˳һЩм

ӵɽһϢգǰʱ֮УԪıһνӽǼ֣˸һ忤С

ӵ˲û忤ͣҰضеģԽԪı忤еؽȴɸҧгݣҲֻ忤ϢʱѰ

ڲ˾֮جĴǿɾִܲˡ

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⣿ѩأѩЩɽ֮С

ʱɽΧĶѨӿһȺǣкüֻҹɫЩ۾׷׳ͶֱͷƤ顣    ȻЩѩǵУǣĸǣǡȵȣŻƣȫ׳ǵĻݣɱеĻֱһӵرӪҪǿ

ѩ֮ҫ˵һֻҧһڣɲģüһֱֻҪڣѩҲЩȺַǵġ

һɽȽϴѩһֱȻһ˶Žȥҫ˱ҲҪŽȥȴͷǾ޸˶⡣

ԲЩѩǵأֱԳΪһȼɭϵСˣһֱԽܸһֻǴ򽻵ʵһжһĵһǲҽҫ˵ڶڣҲͲˣվ˶ڡ

ֱѩֻǾÿҫʱżֻѩߡʼո㲻ףֻѩﵽʲô

ѨһԭʼɽܿطˮˢĺۼԽߣԽڣڰ˵㲻ʲô

˴ԼһҵĹֻѩһݿʱͣӳĴ˿һݣҲȻɵġͨϿȻһѨ

ǾôǸѨֻǵĶѨѣûʲôϡ档оƨɱ˾һ£ӵͷͼֻѩͷƨɣƺ̨ףǶѨ

һӾ͸Ӻˣѩʲô˳ǽСһߡ

һֱߵǽݵľͷǸѨǰӳǶѨ￴һۣѨƺȽһһǾ׳׳˶Ѩ

һѨһʮֱϢӲɴ˸һɹĺѹϮ֮ٴιʧˣһ˵Ļ»ᱻɱ֮壬Щ첻κεӰ졣

ǸѨ֮еĻһֱǰߣߵһ֮󣬶ʱоǰһƬȻʣƺһѨеĶѨеһƬء

ܴ浽׶ι״ı񣬾ǻãܴʱһƬڰӿЩӾܣȴȻû˿Ӱ졣

ΧıһЩ֮ģӲѩеõ۽̵ģǻӦò߾˵زӰи̣Ҳܵ˾οһֻޡ

Ѩһĳĸģšͼǰ˰أֻǵת˸䣬ߵ֮ʱǰһĻ龰ʱŴ죬ˡ

лϼɿڡ֧֣

 ڶ 

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룬һֵĵ̣ǵò壬ȴҲͬǣЩϻЩǣЩι״

⵹ˣ˲˼ǡһűĺ棬һЩͷĹȻǱ񣬵Ǹ˵ĸоǺǻվ˵ǰǱĿԼ˺ëͷƤ顣

˶񣬿첽߹Щıǰ˼㿴һЩ˵ı

ҪͻǡЩòƶŮӵģҸɣص㣬˿һۣ·궼Ҫȥ

ӲֱЩŮӵ۾ڸ̵ͬʱ̾ЩˣһλܳıʦǰЩı˵ˣЩòŮӵıҪٵܵܳƷ

·һĵãӿЩһĳ

ϸ£־ò̫ԾЩڵѾʮ־ԶˣȴȻãѨУһ

ǴЩջչ⡣˰أһҲһЩɫıӵľ棬ѾЩľɨЩһۣߡ

ߵ˴ͷͼб룬һԼ׵ľ޴һλӢйƮʵ˵ĵ

ӵĻ˵˹òֱѾ˧ˣټǷ˿һ۾ͱʣԻԵЩǧŮˡǴһĨЦ⣬һֻЦһЦһаЦ֮ÿ࿴һۣ;еζͬ

Ӹѧ£оģ²˼ҵǣеװɷӵĴԷ    ޴վһʯ̨ϣһЩС֣ӿһۣƺһʫһЩۣǱһ˼֮顣Щٹ۲Ҳûʲôر֮ˡ



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Ӿ治ѣ߽ͻȻоԼײһǽһ˻Ҳ޷ǰ벽

۾ϸ۲죬ʼտסԼĵʲôӱתǾʹڵ

һ֮£㿴˵ߣǰȷʵһǽһ͸ǽΧһ׳׳ٴλȥǽ档

θǽ֮ͻȻһоԼһǳ硣ǣǰ͸ǽڣͻȻųһͼһͼӿ⸱ͼʱо֡ôͼô졣

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һͼԼǾ֮ϵһѨλͼôǽôֱ۵ظӳ˳

ڴʱǽ֮ͻȻųһɶĿ۵âд󺧣Ҫջ֣ȴоǽסһڵϴʱȫƺܿһ㣬е֮ǽ֮ӿȥ

ǽ֮ϵâԽԽңȴԽԽʹ࣬оԼ챻һеȫյʲôûǺǵ˼Ҳ㵤ɶ㣬ûбǽӵĴޱȵεţ԰һӾʧˡ

ڵ֮Źֵǽһ㶼ûʣ£ҪֿһޱƣĸоϮӸоԼľЩήң·ԼĻ궼ҪǽߣʱҲվȣֱֻǽϣȥѡ

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ڣʱӸоǹʧԼصڵϣǽϵâȻĿۣǰһڡ˹ȥ

ֻӲ֪Թȥ֮ǽϵâһּ֮֮ǰӳ䵽ǸͼȻڣֻǣ⸱ͼƺչ޾

ӹǣʱǽǸŮһȫǽŵâס

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Ůգ˼۾֮һ˫۾ɣǽڵâҫ֮£һͫͻȻ両һµӰǽϵͼеǳ໥Ӧһ˲䣬Ů˾ͷ·ڳ˯˺ܾ֮˹

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ڴʱһɹâ𡣽СһͬԶźĵ龳龳°ˣ֮ˣֱˣ

Ȼڴ½ϵһƬɫ֮أӵص״һͬԶšȴŭ·£ΪⱿŮ˻ҵȴ龳ΪãΪλֱΪΣϷ򲻸ţ

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̧֮һ£֮гġһɿȣ龳˶½ô˵Ҳ˶½ɸǵȼϣ

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ЩϾֻЩ˲ܿɣͨ˶ԡֻǸое֡ΪʲôǻôΪʲôʱ򱾲߳ʱ򰡣ô֣٣ѷֱ棡֪Σ½ װ ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķ

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ѩ֣վһͤЩޱ貵ǿգ߹һֹ£һƬҲʮָӡ

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ʱྸҲ߽ͤӵУյ㳣о֪֮󵽵ǺԵʣ

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ѩҡͷү龳ֻǴ˵дڵģʥǶԣСϣү˰ɡ

⻰ྸȻ뵽ʲôɫ䣬ղ˵£ʲôˣѵڵ

ѩŹֵؿྸһۣүڱЩ伫ΪصһϹɣ֪Ȼү֪Ȼסֻڵʸ񱻳Ϊ  

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ѩóүĲ̾ϢһĵУγһСϡүȻѡ·Ҫø۵׼

忤һլ֮С

һɽǵâ֮⣬ԪıΪɽѵʲôɣ

Ѿ峤峤Ѿڸ·ϡûбȻǲ޵ѰͿСӵ䣬ôСӱȻɽϣбʱǽ ΧСӲӣʱɱǱҲȻҽãԪı

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һڷҶķС򣬽ݳ

ݳһЪţĿջס֮ס񻧼С

ʱͿԪվڿջ¥֮ϣɽǵ󣬳˼˵ɽ쾰֡Ϸ֪ûʲôӣ챦

վͿԪߵͿף챦±ǰȥᣬɽش忤ڣƽҲȻȥδ㣿

ӿϢͿԪʵ

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ͿԪ޳˼£ȥ壬ʲôֱӦͨȽ

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һֵΣһããǿ֮УϵЩǳʮҫۣÿһһЩǳǹΪ̼һǹ

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֪˶ãߴһ·ԶŵٻҲ·һ˫֣ڽ߲ͷǹ˻

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תǾ֮·֣Լ֪֮ʲôʱѾе֮Уޱȵľԭʮ

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ŮӺ֪ʲôӣ㲻þȡ±ڣ壬ҵһǷҲҪ뿪ˣǰһЩҪ˵

ʲôԸӵ

Ůӵ֮⼴ǸԵҲǻҲλӵ֮ˣҲǸԵ  

˵ͻȻеıһۣ¶Щˡѭ򣬱ǼΪ֮£岻ơսΪˣֹڴˣҲǰͺ̣ԽԽ԰Σ

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ӵͷ̹ʵǰ¾ǲͳȽϴֲڵǾ֮ͨͲ֮ͬ𣿡

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ˣµͷܴһ֮඼ӱ忪ʼҲ壬ͨϴ壬ǿ׳ԡ߻Ҳõ׳ͽĸ

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̧յһ£ͼâºӦ֮ʣ±øӵҫۣ·һ㣬



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Ӳ֪ڴﵽ龳â󣬻ʲôСԼֻʶˣûᵽµĽָ̻㣬ɻ

Ҫ֪ܵһλﵽ۷ָ㣬Ҳµһˡ

Ļ˵һСǸ˶

ԭ·ѾǿһƬǹ֧ʧ֮ҲһͨĶѨҲûЩ鶯Ʈĸо

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һ죬ıӵĵȰ̮мĽЩмƺ͸ʯмһ㣬ޱȵļӲ

ӿЩƷʼ١еϧֻ̾ϢһûЩѵıĴѰ£ԭ±ǽ棬ȥܴ֮ӲපڵһǿһĶڡ

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Ҳֻһʯܣ棬ڷһѵ̱õĿ̵ƽ棬ҲǴĶѡ

ѿ̵ȴ񸴳ı񣬿ɼµĵ񺥹աѾﵽ˳뻯ľ硣Ӳһɳݡ

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ʯϳһµĺӣӦþǲ˵Ǹˡ

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ɲŴʱͻȻһоԼؿһɱϢ֮󣬷·ҪסһҸӹǣԼԭǿѪ׹ڴʱͻȻ

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׼ǿȡ֮ʣ󣬴ʱͻȻоǴʹʼѪƹ׹ϵĹҲظԭӣҲûκηӳҲͬûκεķӳ

о棬㲻֮䵽ʲô΢ĹǱ㽫Ѫ׹˿Ҳûʲôߣֽ˿ֻ

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ҲԽӾҪѪ׹ܵĺģ˵׶ЩʲôˣһҪ



Ϊɼ˵ȼˡĴ¡ҲûٷʲôرĶǱ׼뿪ҡ

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ӽѨúú󣬾ʹԭĵطȥǵߵȴޱȵط֡ǸھȻʧˡ

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Ӿ˳ǸڣŶϵһЩʯͷɵڣӦô֮Ŵǲ͸Ϻ󣬲һƽ̨֮󣬵ǰĳ׵ɵˡ

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ֱ̫ˣ̫ˡ    ˵ɽԭؾĴڣҲһЩ֮ͱ˷ˡҲȲԼײϴˡ

Ҳ֪ؾ֮й˶ãڶѾվͷ֮ϣܹµɽ֣ɽ֮о͸ϴ󾪻ŴҶڵҰޣЩˣ

ôˣӾͼɽΧ۶һˣмʮ֮ࡣǵķɽ

ãǽϵѾҵǽΧס˽ӵĻԼҲѷɳɽˡ



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֮ǵͷѩ׵ëӵӸһֻצԽץһͲǾȡ

Ͳżֽһһ˿ݶͿԪȷʲôλãԵЩһ˵ͿԪ޻Ϳϵɽ뽭ϵڴ˾һսûʲôá

ֽ֮ɽµЩһˣΪʲôô˴ϵݸҲԼټ󣬱Ȼ϶ԼֹˣͿϵҲûеõԼݵϢҲɽ

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Ӹ֮ʱ۲ɼڵλãǵĺһб£ȥһشܵѩǾ۾ӵ



ѩǾסĵشҫ̨ϼ粢䱸ʱҲİǰһȺѩΧʵҲڰ˼ϣѩǿսϵƣŴһֽֽ׶ΣһЩĻЩѩǿ¶Ҫⶾ֡

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ҲѰģЩ˶ҵˣʲôˣΪҪǶ֣ѸУǶǰ

СӣѰˣóɽǲΪǵģǴŵһ˵ţһ

а룬һﱻؾ첻Ӧеزʱ򣬿ǻûôš

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˻֮ǰʱѩȴͻȻǶѨ˳ߺһ֮󣬻ƽʱеѩǾ¶ΧһȦΧ

˼һֻξ޴ѩǱƽѩųǹ׺ƣɫ䣬Ȼѩˣ

ɼѩΧסѰˡ˵󣬱ڶָ˾

ӵͷתۿ̨ϣѩȻܶԸλʦһЩ߼ĸ֡ⶴѨζزסġЩ˽ȥɱһǶѨĹڣǹ֮Ҳܽ⼸˶ɱ

뵽ӳѩһۣϾѩĿѩ۾ҡҡͷ

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ʱѩͻȻߺһȺ֮ͻȻʼĴӴڿֻںĹ򣬱ʧɽ֮С

һĻи̾ôһȺѩǰؾ֮Ӱ졣ЩѩǾ죬ǣûнΪ޶ǱǴ񡰿ǣǻҲ˲١

ЩѩȻҰޣѩҲû˺ԼЩˡѩԼ˵ĻԵǱܿգҲʱΪһܼ֮£ٴγѩͶȥмһƳתȥ

 ͽɽ֮УɽΧʮҵľҲκˡ

߸һЩأΧҲྣ٣ҲҿСɽмλʱͻȻͣǰжѰ֮ˣǱܿǡ

˵ţΧĴɨһۡһˮ̶һһɴִ֦ҶïܣǱһƹˮ̶ֻèѸٵɼҲԸ棬ݱܡ

֦֮䣬֮һĨâ֮󣬼ĿԽԽӽĲȥͼǰ漸źںӰɽķн

Ⲩڽӽ⸽ֻʮҵľʱ¶һ˿ζЦ⽭ϵ˹滹겻ɢȻôҵˡ

ǲɽشˣǽԪı뽭һĺɷսʿ忤Ϲġ

忤һ죬ֱصȡϵûзӵӰǡɽһ϶ӱȻɽУδôϢ㣬һ

ӿԪıЩɷսʿǶŸèۣɫЩƣϢԲ㣬Լһ·ڡҲû˯Ⱦ

Ȼ׷ˣҲϴ˵֮ʱôŹʯ˲ҪĻᡣ

Щ˲֪ԼǸôȨȻʼθץԼС

ʹ˸ɫ֮ɵ˵ͷȻ˴ҫͬɳһȥ

֮ƹЩʮһ˵Ķ龭֮ʱͻȻαӽһˣְγذףһ˸һλɷսʿƣ½ƺһ£ĺѪ硣

ɷսʿ͵Ϯ֮ӴʱҲ¶˳ûᣬɱ˾ӣζӵ˽Ԫıһۡ

Ԫı뽭һ͵Ϯ֮˺󣬾ɫĳ죬

ʱеǹʹĻԺѸӿ֣˫ѾѪ˿۾˿̼˺޲ģǵ֮ѾȫȻһѪ죬ħ

Ѫʼڷڣɱ⡣ڲϵؾӿ

쵰κδۣɱɱɱ    ԪıһĴ󣬼ӴڣͨѪһֱǰؿ׷ʱɱ⡣ѾﵽһҪűļ£Ժֻ֮һͷ׷ǧСʬٷʬ

ĺɷսʿʱִţѪ˫ۣһֻ˿ײҰޣҪ˺Ƭ

ɽӴڣǷ λöȥģΪղ߹Ƕ·ĻȽϤýԪı˵󡣾뽫ЩѾʧȥǵҰ

Ԫıߺ֮У׷ʱһ񱼡һЩٲƤҲ֪ʮһ·׷ѹƽءԻ˦Ѯɹɡ

 ڶ ȥ

һλɷսʿ׷ʱ̻ˣѪڡʹǶӣЩӲľˤڵϡ

ţָһλɷսʿҲˤ̫Ũǰ˸ûй˼Ȼ׷֮ʱȴ֪䵥ĶλɷսʿԶľʱһĨӰǷٶ̫һغϣͱ

һڷŭ֮׷Ŀ֮ʱ׷˰أԽԽоԾɾ㵣ҲڻָЩǡ

תͷʱĺɷսʿѾ֪ Էڻư

뵽һͻȻһסԪıļ򣬺ͣסҪͿСӵļƣ

ſԪıʱѾʧȥǣԼס͵תͷѪŽһü

ž

һ죬һŭ֮һƾʹ˽ԪıϣŭȵӵĶǲҲҪɱɱ˫ۡ㿴˭  

ģ壡Ԫıʱڻָ˼Ǻ󣬼ǰ֮˵űŭʧ壬ɱͿСӣԹƽҪǧС

һ㿴Ǵˣʣ¼ڲûнС׷ϣԼ˷˺üΪƾŽ˼ʵҪǹƶˣޱȼթС쵰ıкã

˵ķǳǾһȺıɽҰ޶ĴҪǧôүүǣ𣬰

ʱֲԶһ󼫾ĿЦԪıһ·һαһ£ǱǻָЩ˫ۣЩ̼֮һαѪ죬ضǸֵӰ͵һѽһ֡Ϳ˶ȥ    ӾڸһѾʶСıҲû˼ǰҪҪָǵĻԸ˶ڣЩ鷳ɴΧȱζɱһһҲܰǺ

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Ԫıʱûо鵽ǰ֮⣬Ĳ滹ɱʱĽһͻȻһ׷Ԯ

Ԫıű߼͸оһһЩ֦֮һģӡ

ʮĬһıԵɺǰﲼ׼æ¸һЩ֦ȥ벻Ԫıǲȥ

ӣɲǺ¡Ҫγ˽ȥĽҪѵ㾢ģڵ˶ԣ㽫ŰγٶԸ㣬ŹĺûᡣڸĲݴԳӰȣɱ

ԪıŭȫľţĽ˽ȥڵһʱγۼϮѳӣֻܱһȭӭС

ȭƹֻܵƣۼһǰһļм䣬ԪıһһȭþϣһᣬĽڰ˳ɴʱȴһȭϡ

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һѪԪı廹ûվȣһģ˵ķ⣬ʱҲٲŽԪıЦһȥɣ

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ã׼˻Ǳһȭʱ֮ƣս֯ǿýԪıʱֻܴæֵ

Ȼһȭ֮дļǺ֮Ϣ·һ˲ܽͺһ޾ǺģһͣȻǹɷ·Ǻмŵһģִһɴ͸ԼΪҵ׾ڶĴ͸

Ӿ½ڵĺչڵĸӾ׾Ǻ˺һԶǽԪıܹ򵱵סġ

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Ԫıʱֻоǹ⺮ǿЧ͸ĳ˵֮дһŵǲزݿǿƿ

һȭƿ˽ԪıĻ徢ʱ˳һȭȭƣ羢֮һѸٵ˽ԪıϣԪıеѪѪѪ顣

֮£׵ʧȥģ˵֮УʼݣҲ

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һʱҲʧȥǡŽԪıлΧԮ͵Ϯһǣ׵ýԪı֮С

˼йԪıȻٳˣΧһ ֹԮӽԪıɱ֮ʱҲĺɷսʿΧס

һڽԪıɱķıŭӰʹΧĺɷսʿսǻˣҴʵ൱еǰ˼ʦȦ

һǾż۷ʦŭһž֮ơһɷսʿľȭɵʱһҲһǻʬķʽȫһǿз·һɷսʿ˻񹥣һػɡ



Ӳŷ׼ǰ֧Ԯȴɣ漴бŭһһɷսʿҲԷζǱŭһȭصԷһ

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һ죬׾Ļ뱬ԣԷز֮ʱͼһŶ˶ģѸٵĴӿһʹΧ֦ضϡɡ

£ѪڡɷսʿȴһѪαˣײһɷսʿϣɷսʿҲǳƣͣ£ǰһλɷսʿȴѾ˻ԡ

һʱǰۼֽһλɷսʿ˵ðŭһҲβСתƵһĲλȻһ㣬Ƶһ



꣡һߵǿһŭȭĹƻ֮Ѽڣľмë

ǽһǿȭƣһѹʱӲˣ˽ȥɡ

һһͣһֶ޿ɶĴҲûʱ׼˻ָֻýȫ֮֮󣬲֮Ϣǿ±ڡ

±һֱûüԹʲôķЧǲ˵ĵֵסԼһεĸֵĹ    ±ڱӼ֮󣬴ʱųһâ֮⡣ϵڵ֮ǻ֮Ѹٵγһ͸ǽڡ

䣡

±ڴʱγɷδȶ֮ʣʱһǿһϣ漴һ췢֮󣬽һƺܵһޱȾ޴ķоڵ֮ܵǷڵѪ̲ס۵һ³һѪվȡ

ӵ񣬴˼ȵ𾪣ɫ䣬СӵʹʲôΪʲôһȭײһǽ֮ϣ˵Լ

˼һתһͻȻ뵽òСӵɽеµ챦Żǿķ

뵽һеɱأҲһḬ֮̃ɫ





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ɽµ⡣Ϳʾ޴Ϳϵ嵽ã롣Ѹоֵһж

ʱǰ̽һսʿԶԶ峤ǰ淢һ˽ϵҲ

ţ϶ȻǿٰͿԪ޳һۣԸȥѸٲãڿʽͿ뽭ϵ޳𣬽ڴ˶ϡ

佭ʱһȥ̽սʿ˻峤֮д򶷵ɽֱԵƥһƥ׷үģүڴɽ֮У

ͿͿԪ޵ԣϢӼȻɽУΪһֱϢ᲻ʲôϲգ

Ϳ˵֮ʣͿԪͻȻɫһ䣬֮д򶷣Ҳų˽ϵĶ»

壬ȥӦһ¡ϵȵһǺӹƻΣգͿԲ˹

ͿԪ޵ͷȥӦƴۣвʹ⺢ӷʲô⣬ͿϵĽˣڴӵάϵʧ

Ϳ֣صͷһʮ˵սʿѸٽ֡ ͿԽֲ֮󣬽ϵڴʱҲϵɱڣ󣬿֮вһ޵Ļ

һȵĽۣϳ˺˫ͨ죬Ҳ޲ȥԷȴһϵ֧Ԯһǡǰؽ֮еȫɱͿСӣ

ȻϺ꣬ŭĵĹͷãĽϵһˣҲָˣȽ۵İţ˺ڼ˵ڻ֮£ѸǱ֡

ͿԪһĨ⣬Ƿ˽е٣ɱ

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Ҳûз֪ԼһҲǰ֧ԮӵġֻŽǷŭŤп⣬Ц϶˸ζΰ㽭ЩνţȡЦͿϺˡЩﰡϷʶһ£ôŷ

ţͿⷽҲһЦ֮뵽һ˲˲˵˸Ԫˣ˶оһɿӿ

⻰һ˺ѵʹ˫ѪصͿԪޣҧгݵص˵أձͿϵ֮أ

Ц㽭ϱҼҺһ˸ëѹѪٵĽԲҪͿϡڴҪｫ˭֮أ

ǾͽаɣϷɱ϶Ϳϣ˵šһ˾һֻ˶ͻһޱǿʦѹ

ʦųǹƣʱͿЩ˸ܵһɼǿѹɷ׷׺˼Ѫڣơ

ͿԪ޼ˣɫһһľɽһҲ漴ųʣǽ۵໥ײ֮ʣΧĿ˺ѣͷ·һҵ硣ΧľɣмƮ

λʦֻϵĽ棬羪Ϻˣˮײһ˺ѵı֮УΧֱʹ֮رɫ

ͿѾǰڿʽʱû̫Ӱ죬ǷĴæǡڴ˵ûаŪƣʱܵǹʦȫȻŵƵӰ죬ֻݱܷâͿ˻ᣬһ⣬ȵɱ

һ£ͿϵĶǰγ໴žͳȥ˫չһģǰĻս

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ų±ں󣬵˽һĿһ±ֻ֮»֮γһȫûȶ

˽һĹƣ±γɵǽڷѣЩƳӵ໹ܵ𶯣һѪ˿

˽һɱ̰֮ʱӽ˻Ὣڵȫ֮ϹԴԴɵ֮±գǹ͸ǽڣҲڵһηĹѾ޲ȶ

ӵ±ǿķЧã΢΢ƶ»άסǽڷҪȴС

һֳ±±ڵųǵڡὥʧ˵⻤֮ڣ޷ԷġȻ˵ǰ㣬͵ֻһѵķ

ȻķȴҲԷܵ˺ǲµ־ˡ

һ±γɵһЧḬ̃ɱһ״転һ

һεĵĿ񱩹ƣǰΪʼտӾʲôĹɱӵľ־ýһһԡ

ڵ±ѾȶʵһӦ÷±Ҳʮֵģڽһٴο񱩹Ϯ֮ʣЦֱۣһζĽһ

һǹвһͻСڸʲôйŹ֣ĹѾѾȥеΣһȭ֮ƣϮ

ȻڽһǿһϮ֮ʱֻڽӽСӻ֮ʱȻоԼһλһǽ֮ϡ

䡰 һΣһˣ

оԼƴȫһһǽ֮ǽеĹ֮һη˻ⷴǿ֮Уһоսо־壬оԼ΢Сһļǿ־ѹ

־ʹ𣬰ǷһһοһѪ嵹ʮ֮ջûվȣ˵ϡ

ʱһڼĴϢţǿ־Ӱ죬岻ͣڲǹ쾳־־壬һֱϵС

һε˽һĿ񱩹֮ȴûܵκεӰ죬ֻĶֱϮһ±ڵ֮£оڵ֮ͷ·йƤһ㡣ϲţܵĹԽǿ±ĵ֮Խ󡣽һһҪڴ֮

ʱᣬҲ֮ˣһµ쾳־ľѻᡣ

һᣬԵʣ±ڱֹͣͷ»֮γɵĻڡ

ûֱӳһȥΪһȻ񣬵ʵ岢ûܵ˺ӵǿսʦͻ죬ʵǺǿǼվȥԮġ

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ͬս֮УӵʵֻǺԵģЩɷսʿ˼ʦʵǵľ˺ǿЧĸãԶӣһȭ֮ǼǺӰ죬Ķ΢΢һЩ֮ͣ

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ƷֶԵУסһ͵ĶԻ

ɷսʿΣܴǹŵѪĨȥʽİԵһȭŵıԹ˶ԷĻ徢Էˡ

ڶԷ֮ͼһֻһâƿնغɷսʿĺһѪߣֹͣѪ߿ʼŴһɴƬѪӺԴһֱֱءֽɱϴ

ɱ˵ķʽкֻܶ࣬Ҫκγ治׵ķãʱһѵɯһ࣬ޱȵذףõᣬذ׾ܽԷֹͷԲ˷̫֮ȭͷ

Ϊһʱһε˻Ҫ֧֮±̫öԸļһ˻ָҲҪ֧֮š

սҲҪʱʱԣӳеһǻ͵սǰһôʽսģĺܲҡ

һνһƣ𷽲Ծ࣬ܵǿ쾳־Ӱ죬ܴ񣬹һʱ᲻ָ

ȻӺ´ڸһʽӡԵһҪͻĸ֣ʱսʵӡһ©룬Ȼâһ˻ָǱȽϱһЩ    һһܴʹǹŹֵ챦пʼЩɵһ㶼СʵԼһεСӣεĹƣСĽҲʮֵܡ

˼ԲߣҸʲôĻʹ˻ָʱһʱͻȻиӾһ˳Ѿúܽˡ

б취ˣ粽ɼǶԷԮˣһߣ

Īţڲ㣡

ӵĻ䣬ʱһصӶܽһĹ֮ʱǵӰһһ㣬һԵѹһ϶

һȻ֧ԮͿԣֻһͷǾɱǰСΪ˱ĹƷ޼

ڲ΢΢һɣȫעӦԽһĹƣźڲͻһʱϽһĹơֻҪǣúڲɵһҲóʱϢһ¡֮ľģʱоЩƣ

ڽһĿ񱩹Ϯ֮ʱʱͻȻһ¿ֱͦͦصغһ

һĹ䵽մʱӾͼڲĿ񱩹Ҳ漴뽭һǹƶԽӣһǿľټǰٽ޹Ŀ񱩹Ϯһˡ

һղܴڲҪռϷ壬˵ʵ൱Ҫͻżڲǿƶһ޹һƣơûñһ֮¡ڲΪӣִٱ˽һ

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ƣһжСǹŹѾˣԷת˸ӳ˴˻ᣬȵڲ

ڲӣ˼һμǿ˹ơһ ѹ¡Žһȥһסǿ񱩹ƣֻٴκˡ

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һֻѾȽ֮У˽ȥڲһ֮оΪ˸Ӷ㿪ˣֻȴԽԽ

ҵ֮ѸٴӲΧһֻ֣֮˳ƾһüĵȥ

һоһɼΣյϢǽӣͻȻоüһɱ֮͸Ķһ

ڲ֪ڸʲôʱһĶסϷŹᡣһֻ꣬һ죬һ屻һҳءƺֻƤ⣬Ӱ£֮С

һ֮󣬺ڲܾе㲻Ծе̫ˣɿһۣӴʱȴһףȥ̽ڵϰ춼ûж

ֻܵߣһ̽ı֮۾ʪˣеһɷߺ֮⣬֮ɽһ㱬վתЩɷսʿѾڲΧסɱǡΪ𡱡

ҫ˺Ȼӱߴ֮һ漴бһޱǿҵ֮⡣ɣʱ۾ˣͻȻһǱһ˽ɱӵ׺ݣÿһжͬھļʽһȭԷ˵ñ֮ʱսʿڵһᣬ䣬һѪܵͷ˳ȥ

зŭɱýʣµɷսʿ֮ ʱڲȴͻȻӦɺȵСģ

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飡    ǺӰٶȼ죬͵Ϯ֮ʱǷľ޹òһ٣ӳƣǾ޹ƫ뷽һŴһ͸м۶ϵ

ڲʱҲӦ͵ϮԼ˵ʵӵǿӿ񳱣ֲž߱ľ֮¡˳͵Ϯķ˼

Ǿ޹ɹʱԷٴǿϮһߵϺһ죬ľмɣӱǿ񳱰ľһǱιСݣҲǷһƮɶײһһ֮ײǿʹ

ʹҪſʱ򣬴ʱͷȣһγϮλֵĿҪɱ

ʱڲҲ˹ᵲǰһһȭӳԷĹײڲǶ֣Ҳα˼ѪڲȴǿʹԼͣסȻǰӣֽɱվϴ

ʱǱսʿѾ˼ɷսʿڲ֮һֱ׷Χ۶ʱͿԪ޾ͽϧκδۣҲҪӰȻ£ʹ͵Ϯһλ֣ҲȻ塣

սʿطΧסʱʱҲ͵Ϯ֮ˣɽеУ

˺Լֻ֣ЦϴСһ٣Ϸ½̴һ꣬һΣϷҪɱͿϵĹ

𣿡пĻ䣬ʱһըװ֮ʹÿһ˶

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šлɿ˿ִ򡣡ţλѴ֧֣֪Σ½ ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķ

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ͿԪͿʼնǸΪصĴڣĵĿҲ֪ڡ

һĨ飬Ϳϼˮס

Ϳӵǽ֪һ㣬ǾͿԪͿԪ޵ܣҪ岮ȴһŲ֪ӱҲˡ

ʱ֮УƺһĨӰһλɫӣڸͷ͸¶һϢˣ·裬ӹ֮ʱֻ֦΢Ĳ

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һλʦвһ˿С

ͿԪƮ֮飬ŨԽӵΧ

ӽ֮ʱһʦѹǵϮǹɼȱ֮⣬Χ¶Ȼ½ֵΧӲΪɱӰ֮⣬˾ɶӲ

ͿԪɱɸղŽеǷŭλʦ˽֮󣬾֮Ʊоһں֮Уܱѩ˪ݲеĿֻǿϮʦ֮ƣѾɫ԰ףǹɿ־ʼڲ

һλʦһλʦĲࡣࡣ

дʱûԮֻһɱĸ

Ҫ㣬ͿԪٶȿȣŵıĶӲʩչ

ͿԪĹӰƽ֮ʱǿ֮һ籩ˣϵӿܵĻᶼûУֻǹǿƵľѹϮʱͿѪˡ

֮ʱͿԪʱͻȻ֣һֻޱȵ֣·ֻʣ¹ǼܣȻǾһֻ֣˸ԲȦ֮󣬱㳯а¡

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һΣŹɱɱУ˾ԶңһƻĹƣȴصĺ˽еܱߣֻһ죬ڲڲͣ𶯣˦Χмɣһöڵ䵽˴һ㣬һ𣬾ɷ顣

վǸطӲĺһҴޱȵӣˮһˡ

ӿһĻһĿɿڴǽͿԪǿ֮£Ȼһغ϶û֧סͱ

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ͿԪɱ˽֮һ緢ڵڰ֮Уǿơдĺɷսʿڴ֮ϣʼûӹ˫㣬

һƻɷսʿֻĹͿԪ㽫ʮɷսʿɱ

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ڲǵѪĨȥҲ飬ӵӣҳȥ

ӵͷתȥͼ˵ҫ󡣱Ż˵սʿȥǱʬ壬ͷҲȥ

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ɽ֮£Ѿ˲ȥˣæⱼȥ

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ѾѪȾ죡

ѪŨҡӸźڲ֣ʱŶɱ棬ͷһѪӿ

ڳʱĽϽʧӴʱսмһѽȹ۲һ³ơ

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⽭ҲֻôЩˡȥˡ

ͻȻ뵽ʲô⳯ڲȥһһӵܡһƺûпӵʵΪӺɱ

Цһٴ׾ڽ֮ϣһεȴεĽ˳˵ĽһһӽƽԷĽο漴һ̣һֱָԷʺһ

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ڲһһɷսʿԴ֮󣬿ڳɱʱʵİԳԾСһһĹ⾰ͱİ˼ʦˣֱĽٶȡ

ڲʮߵͣڲ޷һھǵַʲôļʵٶȣͿӵܵУѾԶԶؽͿͿ˦˺棬ǰͿڳɹ߼ʦʱȫΪһ

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ӽǰ󣬺ڲսʣڲ Ǳûвã˳룿

ڲһɨһɷսʿ˺󣬵ڸãļλ岮ҲݣӦҲӦͻ¼

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ͻȻ뵽Լڱ·ϣЩβԼ뽫ԼݵǻˣԼЩ죬Ҳû鱨Ӫϵ᲻﷢ʲôʣûи֧Ԯݸߡڽ۴ϵǰɽ֮ʡӦû֪ϢȴͿ뽭ɽڶɱ

뵽һֿܣӱڲǵþⳡҲ룬пҲˣ⽭ɽȻҾЩΣ    лѲλѴ֧֣

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һ֮£ͼԼҵӵѾͿϵɱۼֱҪ걩ÿһѪһ˫۱Ѫ졣

ߣŭһɹɸ֮֯У˱øӷ

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һ󣬽۴ʱһֻ񻯵ʨӣʧȥǵʱųƣһɾʯٵ־һɹǿ˰Ŀ񳱣ͷ·˺ǵسͿһϮ

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ԣ⺢ȴӲ£

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ͿԪͿԪ޵ͼΪҲҪ׷˽۵ĻǾҪӱɱ

ûκεԥͿԪʱͻȻһͿԪ޵˾еĹصôһƣ

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һѰľͿԪ޴ʱ˵ͿԪͷ·ǱŶӵȥʵǡ    лʯͷӡԵֵܴ֧֡

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˵İΣǧһʱǣ˵դ

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ڽ۵ɱе֮ʱͿԪοϹûź΢ЦĵͿЩŽһĵϷҲĿˣ



纣һϮͿԪ޵ϣǿͿԪƴеΪֵ֮ˮ֮Ľ档ײҵĻ䡣    λʦ־֮ƴʵΪһͬھʽķ뷴ʹ֮رɫضɽҡ

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գǲ±ų»֮ȴûеֵסɱʽľһӶ˹ѣȻ֧顣

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ת۵ɲܵһޱǿ־ų֪鷢ת

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ͿԪ֮µһԱȻǳɽһۣһľ˭Ϳϻعȥ·Ψ



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ʵϣɽϲû˽ǡǡȴڻɣɽҶǰҲøҥԵɺϣ    ЩʣҲǰҶɺϣɺϵĹ



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֪վ˻ʵһߣྸ֮˺ìܣôǱ㲻ɵСڶԸ˻֮תĿԸǡ

Ϊ赲ǰľྸǵҲǺϣܽྸɽҲᵹǺ֮ݷЩ£ȻȥԤ롣Լ鷳

ͨЩϢ㹻ɻɣһУŵµĹ޷ֺš

ڽ룬ǱߴϢԽͿϴսɽһֱڸϣһӦʱٶͿв

Ҳҵģ⸱˵ӣųҲпװģ׼˱̣ǱƻҪضԴġ

ֻҪһ첻ͱҪϼӷȵ׻ƾɱӪնݳ֮ʱвըߵġ

صݣֻҪһ£ȥʵʩӲҪΪҪֻһǾԼʵ

ԴӼ£´Ӿ״˳ֻʶĹ֮󡣼ʶĿȻҲҲ֮չ

֮УһγӵӰ

õӵ˵˶ǶԣҲǺ

𲽱ǿʮţټϼгǳڶʩӵӰ죬ѾֵûǷӡ

֮еͿӵǣеģֻһĽݡһЩη

ͬΪżʦŬ̿ʱЩΪ弶ʦմմϲǣ Ϊǣɳһϵо춯صĴºڼеĵλѾﵽǵĸ׶Ҫӵĸ߶ʱЩȴԼڸ׵֮³ɳԱ

ͿΣΪı ֮ʱȴֻܱСһԲѡ

һУʱһٴλص֮Լ΢ת

峤Ƿ֣ԭһֱ͵ӵǣڱڷԭùģڸڷܣ˵ƴǲ⣬ΪʲôԼҺӣͻȻôϲת䡣

ɵͿٿһȫ֮ϵ֪ÿжΣʶ

ȫϣͿӵõߣͬʱҲһЩóͿӵܸϳãȡ˲ȵİ취ʹӵҲӵ˿ԱټٵĻߣȵȡ

һʹͿãûбͿ侭ϴٵӰӰ죬ӳ˻ЩһֱŬӵܡǿ˱ϣĸԶܹΪԼļҫĻʱȻҪΰա

µӰ֮£ЩͿѧϰӵܵļǣһ󲿷Ϳεرһš

һжϵķڷչţ

 ڶ ذϢ

ͿԪϸ롣ȷʵоݿŪƼΪôϷڳȥЩӡ

أӴϵ岮Ǽʹ鵽ЩӡӶõЩ˵٣ΡԷȻɱʮλӢߣô˵ǵʵǿץס ȴûеõҪĶȴͿղصĹ伮ȫߣһЩ߼޻֮£Щ伮ɢ¸أҪΪˣ

ͿԪʲô뷨

ӵͿϵĲؾ¥Ȼϴ٣ô¾ͲܱѹƣԽѹƷԽµ䷴ǽ̹ȻȾĳЩ˽ƾͼƣôµͷȻ˵ȥ𶪵δǰ;岮Ӧֵܷصģ

ͿԪʱͻȻӡǴô£ᱦ֮˵עתƵЩ伮֮ϣ

ӵͷ֮١ݳѾһЩ챦ˣ˵һɽѰ½˸ϵʼһ

ǵ֪ͿϵĲؾ¥ʧԣ϶ᱧнȥĴѰǵעϾͿ侭УҲһɶõ䣬϶үҲлʱָơҲʱã׷Щʧȥĵ伮

Ϳϼĳǣ֪ǸıԶǣйı֮ŵţÿһ£벻˵֮⡣

ǵ飬һܺõֻ֤Ҫ⺢һ顣ܻòͬķʽ;ɡͿϵĳǣźܴϣΡ

ԶͿԪ˵˵ôһƶϣϾûκεԥǣͰӵⷬȥʵʩ

պͿϲؾ¥伮Ϳ侭ʧһ£ȴһһشܿ㴫˱ǻԭһ㣬Ѹٴƫ£𶯣

ļоٴһϢͿʧԵġͿ侭ͬ๦伮ھǳ֣˵õ伮˽¹ںһ𶯡

Ҫ֪ҾôָļңӰ֮һġͿ侭Щ֮صĵ伮⣬Ҳͨ壬˼ȻܹĴ֮֮͡

Ϣʹ˱һ˿ϣ׷̤˸ǵ·;

Ϣ˴÷з֮ʱݳ죬ǹѹգҲڵõһЩ⡣

ЩĴᱦˣͲסͿչֳǿʵùģһֽĻĿȥѰǹؼȥˡ

һЩҲȷɽ仯û챦£Ҳֻǵ;˵ûͿ֮λʦҲһӣ뿪ݳǡ

ֻһЩĴңˮˣݳǣͼһЩʵǿĸ֣ͿϴԪҲڻˮ̵ô

Щ˶ͿҾΪˡ

ҲЩ·֮ļذһըϢѸٵشӱǾɽѰˣɽзؾأͬʱҲ˲˵£Ǳµһӱҵ

ӣټ˷ųԡ˵ŵпصĵǣֻʲôıʹɽչӷ½ʦĸǰɽᡣ

û֪ɱһһǺȴ˶طõĲһͨƽľ޵ѡ    ֪ЩڸϵʦʥϵĸֶǸӣһǸʱѪ档ᾫʵĳ̶ȡ

ӴͿ֮У⼸ҲûôҲûʲôϡ飬һֱ֮

ߵϢų󣬴жģʱϵ˵ϵʱûмʱ֧ԮͿϣΪҲ⵽˻ﲻϮֵ󣬱졣

λβֽ·ϵһЩӽһ̸֮⼸ûнκεĶβĲ²еġ׻ƾֵЩĻ˵Ū¶š

ྸɻϵֻоǵļ°

ӽӵʷ·ţἰݣҲɻɣϱͣݸӣͿ⵽һϴٲؾ¥飬λྸģʵʩǿѹߣӦӵ׻ƾֵ׷Ϳ侭䣬׻ƾֵӶ

ôྸᣬȻӦٸ泯֣ҲٹʾǼ°񣬵׻ƾֵ£ྸȴܲš

ʷ»㼯鱨ӪпĪһһ

֪վ˻ʵһߣྸ֮˺ìܣôǱ㲻ɵСڶԸ˻֮תĿԸǡ

Ϊ赲ǰľྸǵҲǺϣܽྸɽҲᵹǺ֮ݷЩ£ȻȥԤ롣Լ鷳

ͨЩϢ㹻ɻɣһУŵµĹ޷ֺš

ڽ룬ǱߴϢԽͿϴսɽһֱڸϣһӦʱٶͿв

Ҳҵģ⸱˵ӣųҲпװģ׼˱̣ǱƻҪضԴġ

ֻҪһ첻ͱҪϼӷȵ׻ƾɱӪնݳ֮ʱвըߵġ

صݣֻҪһ£ȥʵʩӲҪΪҪֻһǾԼʵ

ԴӼ£´Ӿ״˳ֻʶĹ֮󡣼ʶĿȻҲҲ֮չ

֮УһγӵӰ

õӵ˵˶ǶԣҲǺ

𲽱ǿʮţټϼгǳڶʩӵӰ죬ѾֵûǷӡ

֮еͿӵǣеģֻһĽݡһЩη

ͬΪżʦŬ̿ʱЩΪ弶ʦմմϲǣ    Ϊǣɳһϵо춯صĴºڼеĵλѾﵽǵĸ׶Ҫӵĸ߶ʱЩȴԼڸ׵֮³ɳԱ

ͿΣΪı ֮ʱȴֻܱСһԲѡ

һУʱһٴλص֮Լ΢ת

峤Ƿ֣ԭһֱ͵ӵǣڱڷԭùģڸڷܣ˵ƴǲ⣬ΪʲôԼҺӣͻȻôϲת䡣

ɵͿٿһȫ֮ϵ֪ÿжΣʶ

ȫϣͿӵõߣͬʱҲһЩóͿӵܸϳãȡ˲ȵİ취ʹӵҲӵ˿ԱټٵĻߣȵȡ

һʹͿãûбͿ侭ϴٵӰӰ죬ӳ˻ЩһֱŬӵܡǿ˱ϣĸԶܹΪԼļҫĻʱȻҪΰա

µӰ֮£ЩͿѧϰӵܵļǣһ󲿷Ϳεرһš

һжϵķڷչţ

 ڶ ӡ

ͿھЩήСݣӵźǿھϺһų

ȹ֮ϣܼͿӵǵӰ

һЩһСҲȭÿһ֮󣬶ᳯõķȥСȭͷ־֮бųݡ

ŵ֮Уʱֻһʱھʲôʱ任ƣһֵĶ˾øĪ⡣

Ȼӡ

һֱʱо´ڸһʽӡ

ӡһʽԡط֮еľ跨ţҪڹƣżǿսɱ

ڴʽӡʱ͸ӣڵ֮Ҳ֮Ϣķ룬ʹ⡰ӡȷʵܾЧ

Ŀǰ״Ŀǰ⹦ƤĤĴ׶ΣûдﵽʼڹอƼ쾳磬Ǿ廹ûжǿһ̶ȣҲֻʹóһ׶εġӡ

Բ´ڵġӡҲֻǳ׶εĵһʽҲӽȥѰĴȥѧϰط

ϸ⡰ӡ֮ʱҲײΪʲôֻһʽ

⡰ӡʩչҪӵǿ֮Ϣ֧š

֮Ϣȡ֮ľʩչӡʱÿһ仯ɵһھϢһӡȻͨƵı仯γӡٽӡǿġӡһʽˡ    ȻӡԽ࣬γɵӡԽǿֻӡҪӡͱӵ㹻ǿ֧ǿͱҪ֮ﵽһĻС

Ӷӡʽһ֮󣬲ûмſʼֽÿӡֿо

ÿӡڵ֮Ϣѭ֮תΪϢٹγһϢʱϢٸתΪһǿھγӡ

ϸһҪʹӡĻҲʩչȴ޷ӦãΪᵽ漶ϢתھȻٻ۳ӡ̣ҪǿǺϣʦľ磬ӡŪþͻ˼Լ

ܵóһ֪а΢

ʱվдһԭıֶ͹ǹеļʽȭȭչ֮һСʼŵϢ

Ϣһ΢飬ǰǾ֮ʱ֮ĵѾˣڱ֮еɾϢûжκεϰ

һɹϢڵһ޵ÿϿʼѭʱ ӿϢʼÿ֮ᡣ

֮ṩϢӿ˵һ֮󣬾һֱԴԴϣϢ֮нﵽһֱ״̬ͨϵϿųٸӡķţѸٿʼһ仯

ⶼɵġӵ岢ûôֻǴ˼ŹֵƣڵľѪϢʼ໥ںϣϢ˾Ѫ֮γɴı֮ƣһӡˡ

ӡһֻоõȴ׽͸޷ֱ۵ıݵʽûƵ֣ȴ˵ľ־ǽ

ӵ˼ά⣬һڹڷ֮ǰһ״̬ıַʽͺ

˵ʵҲֻǲĹѣڵһӡ֮ʼڶӡ

ʽĵһӡɵıȽһЩֻƣڶӡʱ򣬾͸оᵽˣǹеϢʼľʱڵʱҪܾ޴ѹ

ĻӡĳѹӻܳܣϾϢڶ˺ĵǰϢĸѹԳܡ

סĳѹӡ֮ǰоڵѪҺ籼ڵĺʼڷڣȫĹƽʱһǣĹǽ춯žϢۺʱڶӡ֮󣬾Զһӡһ

ÿһӡγʱǰһӡĻϣʱҪٿȥЩӡ

ӡӾҪڵڶӡĻϣϢȻͨڵľӡʱӾᵽˣһεתۡ

ӡʱĳѹԼǸǽƤĤѹͷһɹɾǱ޴һ㣬һɳصʹͺǱҪըƤһ㣬ʹҲֻҧ

ڳʱĻȽιֶ̣һɲǵǿѹҲܹܣƤʼǣǽ֮໥ǹɾʹӡѪھҲ׳

ÿһӡӴһЩĸܣӡһָĪĹ

ǰӡĵӡʱ򣬾Щˣĵӡĳѹɸһ̨ףҪĹҪǿ󣬶ԾѪ֮Ҫࡣ

ӡھԽԽǿʱ򣬾һѪĻһӵĽƤܹ֧ŵסȴЩ

ӻǿҧ֧ϸϸȽʹḶ́ڵҪӱ̬ǿĵӡʱӳ׵ļֲסˡ

ȣ

ʵ޷֧ŵӡڶǿҵĳ֮ʱʹ࣬ܵǹɾ޴ھҪʼɣҪ˵ʱҲټ־뾫֮Ѿﵽ˼ޣڴһһγɹĵӡʩչ˳    ĵӡνںȫеϢ뾫Ѫо־ǵľ֧ŵļޣþ־ϰڷŵļ֮ͭ󣬾ɵĵӡγɵһֻԶһɶԶľ룬ͺȻʩ˳ȥ

䣡

ӡͷų֮󣬾ͷ·ǱѾõɽ飬һγ׵ı֮γɵľҳһ㣬һضɽҡı촫֮һԶͭǺǿѹ֮£ͷ·Ǳôﵽһ˵ļַ֮˷תױѳһѷм

ʱܱߵ¶Ȼ½϶ں䡣

ЩӵǸܵͻı仯󣬸ѵѸٱܿȴԼͬǴȥ档

ͷųںĵӡ֮󣬴ʱоȫûһ˿һ˵ϡ

һɲǼ䣬ܵһȴǾúˬ죬ᵽӡǿ󣬽ģֻĵӡĵһʽǿôһʽӡǽǺεȵ

  ڶ 

ʱӷɴϢ֮ʱͻȻһʲôҪѿһ

һת췢ĵطȥͷðҲ˲Ǳؾ

¡

شڳ渽֮ʱͼǴһǽ֧Ųסѵҳ˽ȥ

˴ҵ춯ʱҲ˲ԶĺڲڵһʱϵʱһĻҲ˿ĵСӵʲôôԶľ룬ͽһˣ

ȿȣ

ûһһҵĿӴҳ֮˳ͼǱͷġ

ڲѹ˹Сӣ㵽ڸʲôڳôĶ

ӿ浽ǽ档ЦһҲû뵽˺Զǽôᵹģ

˵֮ʣʱͼͿŵش˹һͼӻͷǱ˿е뵽ˡ

һǵĽһĨ𾪺󣬵ӣǸ˴ڵĹ̫ءҲ̫ǿƲסͲҪӲţѭ򽥽ǣԼ

˵ǣֻ볢һ¡Щ󲻻ˡӵͷ

ֻǳԵ˵ڲɴ۾Ĳ˼飺ɱֻҪǿϼְ

ӲȻڲ˵ȴΪȻӡǿԾɲôˣȾϵϵĲЧ޷ֲģĵӡҲҧ֧ţЩʱʩչŻ

Ķ֣ᶼݼţ˼ҿɲʩչʱ䣬ֻӽӡǲɱС

ڽֻǵһʽǰĵӡʮֳ֪ԼĲڵĻӡҪĵǾ͵⹦ΪͻһΡ

Ϳ£ֻƣҲͷһ֮󣬾뿪á

ڲӴڣ˻ᡣڸͿĨѩҺ֮ʱʵӣ䱸Ӫĸչ˳ֻһ⣿

ʲô⣬ڲֱԱǣӵ

ڲ죬¶Ž׵˽ǵЩʲô׻ģʲôѧϰ֮ҶԶʶ֮£̫Ը

ӵѧľ򵥵ģٸһģҲûָѧᣬǺڲ׻ƾָӪҪĬ׻ÿӪִܼ±Ҫѧϰģ鱨ӪѾĵдѧϰһЩ֪ʶӪĵıʶûеĻ

ЩڲһΣֻøĨҩ󣬻һҵػȥѧϰȥˡ

ɺҫ˸ӻݺ󣬳Ҳûʲô·ɡӾҫɶ˵ʦЩ䱸Ӫ˽Щ׻ġ

ѩҺȷʵܾЧͿĨϢһ֮󣬾͸оָ࣬ʱѾ硣Ҳûдӡ˸

ȻǰסĶԺЩ仯֮⣬Ļϲûб뿪֮ʱһģһ

ǸСѾͷѾڸˡӲ֪ȥҲûйʡͿ·Ѿʳӡ

ϴ˸裬˼·Թ緹֮ɱ˻

Ѿ֮󡣴ɽ֮ɲŵ⼸ڳĴ飬ǵһլһ˵ǸӡһӡӡǺǳǰƱȽһˡָһڹ򣡡

ƷüͷƷ֮⣬ûľƷˣʲô

ɵҲǸƷûʲô֮صӵЩҲٵҲоڼǣһ˾뿪ݳǣһֻסڳԪջ֮УҲûʲô֪Ҫʲô

˼ȻߡȻڳУͼӣЩͲ˵üֵ

ʱͿԪӰͻأسԺӾʱͿԪȴѾ

ɼͿԪ֮Եúܾηһ񣬾˳ȥ

ͿԪʼһϮ۽ͷڸס񶼲֪ʲôòʱʹǳۺ浽һգͿԪԸòʾˣҲȥʡ

ͿԪ֮󣬱ֱԵӡʱһһλսʿһҪ㣬ղһλ֮˵սʿҪҰ㣬˵ǰʱ߶֣л

˵ţͿԪͽһѪȾС˽ӵС

ӿСˣ뵽˰ֿǸ֣оϵС˵ǧװΪʲôҪС˽

ڣ׻ƾڣͿڣͻᱣƽԷĿˣ

ӽ˽סͿԪ棬ŵ

ֻǣͻȻС淢һǡĴ죬һǱſƣϸ۲ǸСˣŷСֱ֯һ㵾ݣȵֶʱӾ¶ˡ

ϸ۲£С˵棬ев㣬ǾͽǼв㷭ͼһҪϵƬ

ȡƬͼдţΣ԰أзԾ飬ҵڶģ

ϸĥ¶ϻ˼ԾЩ⣬ǾͽƬͿԪ

ͿԪ֮󣬺Ȼ̾˿һзԾ鰡ԭϣϰ㵽ղ¶ܣصúţ

ϣԲص԰أѵ˵֮ˣ

ͿԪǰԡһ޽֮գǵĸͺأԴͿϺһֱҵҵʵϿҡû˻ɹһ͸ɹ

ֻʮǰһӣȻֵһҴﰲ꣬ɰִⲻϣҪͿ֮УʱҾͶ˸˼ܹ۲˰һʱ䡣

ÿʱؼ̵̽̽УһʱʧӰ٣֪Щʲô

ֱǰȥƷ밲Ǹ̶ʱ䱻һ뿪ǰһλؤҴҼһ󡣾ͻص˸ϡ

ȥ갲ֽԼһԾ˫ȻˣⳡԾȴһֺεķʽաʱڴ֮У¶ϵһȥƬµİֽ̺̺ۡۺ󣬾Ȼ˾ȥ˾ǣ

˵ͿԪ泯ֵεǣֽ˾֮һҵ˹Ϸͷ⣬ԸΪ˻ļԸôӣϸ룬ѵֻǾŮжͼԭô밲ϵͿϵ͵ľǺư

ȣٴһ¶ģûİæһ£߶ǧԶˡ벻ֵܽа֧֣лл

  ڶİ Ʒ

СѰ˵ӱͿԪ˵Щ²ˣ  һ

ǰͿԪԣͳˣȻһ֮õѵ𸴵ס

ϣؤֽ֮Ľƺÿһ֮УӵӰڴСһɺϣƻĲá

ЩңͿԪȴֵϣôؾ¥ϴһ£軹һλ֮˱űȣô᲻ѾˣԼ֮ڣʵҪȵ᲻֮еһλҪ֮ˣ

ͿԪĲ²ʱڴǷҵ֮лָƽ

뵽ɵ鵽µĽӡٽͿԪķ岮Ĳ²ôãŵΪʲôҪô

ͿԪҲΣͿΪһٶҲδ˽ԶνǱȫ겻Ķ£ԵֳΧһµɽҶµһžĹͿΣ֮ҲǱ֮ʱ

Щ˵밲ƷǷԻʱ˵ػͿϵ侭ɰˣ˵ػͿϵĶ£ԭˡ

ʹ²⵽Щ鱳Ҳȥ֤ʵˣôֻдǸӡչ飬ҳڲؾ¥п½ӡǸ֮˲ǹؼ

ʱ֣̾ߣů

תůİǸԳټﲢǷҵԵñȽһЩ

Ʒһֱô䲻ȣڳҵЩƹݵ𱬡

Ʒĸ۲Ǹӡ ؾ¥µһģһҲɳǰֺѹݵŸǳӷλжϣָһλá

ۿ֮Ӿ룬ԲɺϡǾʹɽǸӡ

˾ƷĴţͼƷǰҲȿļλˣﾲȾС̸ûǰĳ档

λ纣Ǵƣǰ

ӲŽţһλССӭȻûʲô飬ܾ׺ӶԴеӡǵðֶա

ͰûָСջסɨΧһֶۣǸɰСͯҲͰӰǾֱ˵⡣

λү⼸մ޶˻ˣƷֻ֮Сĺһλҵͽܣǲɡ

ʲôʱ˸ͽܣӰƣҲûж룬ȻǲڵĻǰϢѾ֪ˣǾȻϼңӸǾ֡

λֵܣ֪ϼںδǶòܻȡܲ̽Եʵ

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ͷдʹ֮ʱʱͻȻڽųһޱǿҵâֱǶҵķͺҪͱ

  ڶ ķ

һǷͱǿҵɫһ޴ĿͼһĹֱҹǿա

ʱյǳޱȵҫһǻͶŵĹâӦͺǳ֮ȫ۵һϣһޱѤ貵滭

޼ׯ˴ʱ˾ͺǱһ߱񣬷׷Ŵ죬ĿɿڴһĻһĻ

Ӵʱȴһĸܣ

âͶڽ֮ӸоڵǹɿҪ֮һ˲õһ

ﱻڵ޷֮ͨźǿյȺ֮ʱһͨǽ˻ڵȫޣתΪһɹޱȾ֮ȫ

ڼʹһоȫһů͵ĸۼݣͨ޽ջǳ֮һĺǻӳУ޷԰Ρ

ͬһʱ̣ݳǵĻլ֮УλڱĿߣʱӦʲôͻȻ۾֮ųһޱľâ

Сһٴγôۣ

ߴʱЩСܽǴ򿪣֮һâ֮ȥ۲ʵǳӳ̲סеڱ⣬ڸڸ۹

Цţλ߾Ƿ˰ǵСһ˷ܵ㵸æ֮󣬾ͶŶȥһ飬ʧ˻լ֮УԺﴵһ硣

ڻլ˷֮׷ȥ֮ʱϷһʱҲҹݳǷ򼱸ϡ

Уʱһλ̬ӵߣֻ΢գֺ

ߵԱһޱĿ꣬ȴƿŴҹɫǿգԵĵȻš

̫ʦҹǳǺ貣ͺҪѵõ澰ҹգ̾

ȻͻȻӦʲô͵˫һãâ֣ݸпǸСһںϹʲôԲǱϼһҵ֮ˣǵøϿ죬ǶϵݳǱǣϷҪһ

˵ţλԵʮֹŹ֣֮֮ʱ˾ͻȻ䲻Ӱʧããҹɫ֮С

еҹգ૵ñչذ̫ʦ˼Ҷݽ֮ˣضҪʶһ£Ǻǣ

ӿٶȣѸٵݳʻȥ

ݷѾݵؽĹٵ֮ϣһҲҹ·ֻЩ죬Ǹ·ķʽҲΪͬ

һ˵ǰǰƺȹͷɴŻŮǰ濪֮ʱڻ֮ó·֮ϣ˱ǡ

м䣬ͼεľ׳̧룬֮ϣǰǶһλȹͬͷɴŮӣǱʯһӣʱ̧ͷϵǳ

ŮӺһϣһֻɴȴûаͷĸˣͷ֮мż˿һ긾ˣʱҲ̧ͷǳͶǵȴ૵Ҫһѽ

ѣ·ûôͣЪⶫĴƵ۹̫ʦ˼ľôôҪǰϵŮ飬˵ݺڳ裬һ죬ȴž泩

 ǰĸ˵ӣ㲻֪֮ǧѽγⶫƵ۹̫ʦ˼ΪǰأҪҵȼ̸ѰˣҪĳ룬ҲʹȰѴˣǺ֮ӦҲǱӿٶȸ

Ǹ˵ļһҵӦȸԹԸߣߺߣǰϵŮа˵ţһ˵ٶȼӿ죬ĻƮȻ裬Ѹʧ·ͷʱȻ¡

ǣྸ

ǴԺͤӣѩȻվͬһطͷǿգĬ

УʱѾˣƵƵ仯ӿҲյʦһܺҪྸеѰǸ֮ˣҵ֮Դѩ

ʦᵽҲѾ˸ֽƵ۹ʼѰ֮ˣڳõļλҲͬʱ˴Ƶ۹

ЩϢѩյ߻ܣȻ˴Σʦһᵽ˱䡢ǧȸĸ֣ҲƸѰ֮ˣҪӿ̣ҪʹҶ֮䵽С

ʦѩ̴ӲΥһʦ֣صᵽЩȻѩ̵УȴѾǸӵ˼㡣

һУѾ϶֮˭ˣûϵԼߣԼͣ˫ȴѾİ·ĺӣȻʦҪѰҵˡ

뵽ѩпɬѣ֪ΪྸĹϵ Ѿ׵Ϳ˺ƤǺΪͿӵܡ



գѩ̾˿ûΪһ¶˵ҪǺӸԼߣԼͱЭȴҪྸ꣬ʦ𽻴֮£Ѱ쵽

ǣϺ򸮡

֮УĪʱɫΪվһλ෢ǰҳһڵŶԷ

λǰ˿ڲˮ²豭̧ͷĪܷطǽľʱ˴ڳƵԭἰ֮ˣҪҵȲϧһдۣõҲҪѰҵˣڳѾ֮ڷλڱһ㾡ŰɣЩС¡ˣдҪ

ǣͽʦĪӦһ񣬱ҴҳŲȥˣλ෢ȴĵϣܹڵж֮ǰ¡

׿ǣʹ

ۻʴʱվ֮ϣɫһƬ£һܺãͱض岽

۾һҲ

գʵۻǵѵҪһ£ȻҪã죬ҹ̣ȥһݰɣһŶж֮ҲӿҴƹ·ͬСɣ鵽Щ˾ӿҪѰ֮˵Ҳò˳˻Ҳǣ

ūּӦ֮󣬱ѸٵسңʵǷܺж岽૵֮֮֮겻֪ܷ񿴵ָ֮һ찡

޼ׯҡ

һѾĳЩҪݿˣƽδѤġ

ʱеǰ֮һּ֮֮ɣŽﵱе־ѹסƽ

  ڶ ֻ

𫽻֯ĺ˸ֺǵֹڵʵʱҲЩŽǰϸ۲һ

Ŀ֮󣬴ʱ֮һɵâһ·ͺǽڵӡһΪֻ壬һĽ

ǣӴʱʱ˿ûиܵëһɹ͵ڵڽӦţֻҪһ⽣ƺ˲ųһâ

ΪԼһר

µǹ־ĴڣΪһΪĺǻʱܹܵǹ־֮дһ档

ټڵļ±ڣҲŲµ־ӳݵо֮Уһʧ

ȡͲ֮ӽ｣ͲУֻǣһۼ죬Ͳ֮ϵ뽣ĿܵؽһΪһϺͰ

 ȱ

ҪγֱҲ΢ǡһǿԶ򿪡һͺдؽ˳û˿ĳ͸УӴʱֱϲ˼㡣

ΪʵһӾڶ֮һΪӲĲϡһ̨ϣȻѸٰνʣڰһ֮ǽȵǿ֮ϡ

ꡣһޱȼӲϾǱжһпڴ⻬رг롣

ģǸ̨Ҳδ⣬ҲѳأǻӽһɲǡӸܵһķâϢ

Щܣٽһʯӽ֮ʱûֱӽʯ֮ϣһʱȵؾʯ뻹һָ߶ȵλͣ

꣡

Ȼʯûбնȴһѳأû˿ĳͣȻһѷ˰ƥ

үʱĿƵؿҪԥ˰죬״ε˵ܷϷ

޷ǰһۣﱾͳ֣˵ţӱ㽫˹

ĵļ·ʹĲ֮Щؽ˹

Ȼӹ֮ǱǼɫͳ׵ıˣüΪʹ࣬ûü͸оһɼǺ֮ѹɲǼ䣬о˽ǧѹЩĸо

ʵﱾͲҲʮңΪһλ߼ʦôȻڻ£һֱѹѹľ־ͷ֮ϵȷʵ޷ܡ

Ӽҵɫ󣬽ָǽ֮ϣҵɫ滺࣬̾ȻϷ򻨷˴ѪͷȻã˽ͷâϷ޺ˣ

Ҵʱ۽Щ󣬷ſ֮ӵү޼ӵܵѪϣԴϷʹ˽Ҳȥλˡ

˵ţλ˾ȻĨҭڳ֮޲ݡ

޼ҵӵÿһ֮󣬲ŽͲ֮УˡʱֶڲǼԺ͡ҲǵĲ룬ʹﲻǡӱȻҪ㹻ĸмء

һλޱ޼ӵҪһ֮ʱʱɴҴ˽ӵׯжϢΪǿģ

Ƽ⣬ ˾΢΢һ䡣Ϊ˲Ҫ鷳Ǳػ˿Ȼ޼ׯ˴ɱ֮ģ

˵꣬Ӷұȭǰֳô󶯾Ҳ֣Ϊ˱޼ׯ鷳ȸˣʱλʵʵ˵ǣ򲻵κ

үʹá޼жȻ޼ׯ죬˵ȳ֮¡һָ侲˵

ǰ޼֮˶ѪԺӡξ֮УλޱȻվ˵

ҡͷλǵˣ˲ΪǡֻѰʱ֮£Ҫҵ˵ȥǣ˵ģֻܸǸǣв˵Ϳ֮ˡиλˡ˵꣬Ӷһ񣬾ת˶ҡ

뿪֮ޱǰ常ΪʲôүҪҵ˵ա˵Ϳգ

ҳ⺢  ǸͬѰ֮ˣôĵׯϽһ򲻿͸¶κͿйصϢʣͰ⺢ǣ

 ȱ

е޼ӵܣһĲ⣬ҲûжʣͶ׷׳š

ûд޼ׯķȥǴӲ֮дһС·֮Ŵһڡ

Ⱥ˲һƱʹɵƥѰ

ʵҪظ𣿡

˵ţһ㳯Ұʻȥ

ɸں棬Ϊ⣬Ϊ˴æҪ߲֪һô

ˣ޼ׯķ˵ǸѾ޼ׯˣ˭ȻΪҶҲֹͷٸͿѩϼ˪ˡˮǺа취

˵꣬Ʊ㿪ʼ٣Ҳòӿϣһ϶ȥ

ʱһӰҲ޼ׯ׷˳;лƵĺ̸ܣСӣϷ׽ԲôѵϷ㲻ɣ

λӰ׷߲Զ֮ʱһϪȻƥû뵽϶ȵһСأ

ϪʱͷߣҲ²˭ˣһ뵽ֻôһ㣬ƱΪһɷŭ³ǰ***ʱûпСôӲһСӾĲӰˣӻأ

СӵʲôʱһһӰͻأس˶Ϫǰ

Ϫ˸ۣԼ飬㣬СӱȻҪȸߣ붼룡

϶һô׷ҲСӣռȻǺãʱһѡƥΣ³ǰﵭһЦ˵¶Ž׵ںҹô

Ϫ΢һԥǺáϣ׷ͷѶŽͷׯϵ˵СƣһСӵҲͦΣһ¾ɫ磬Ϸ֪ô࣬ˣϷȥˣ

˵ꡣϪӰѸٵʧԭأһ紵һλߵۡ

³ǰߴʱȴǱ֡ŶϪȥķȴǵƥϷһôҹģֻгϷ˺Ϣ㵱Ϸǰ׳գĵ

һߵӰҲʧ˳ϵķ

л ĿڣʯͷӡԵšݶֵܴ֧֣ĩҽԺܼӸ£

  ڶ 

ƷˮǳѾ֡ʷ¶һƬǰס

СҹĹһѾʻݾ⡣

ƱȻٶȲ磬ɵĳʼһģڳ֮ݾһСϻһ

׷ʱŵɣʹ˱ǰȥ鱨Ӫӥ׻ƾָӪͨҪǲ۷ʲô£ϸԭļƻ ִУͿ侭֮£䱸Ӫ˷ŵϣԸߵ̬飬⾩֮£вҲҪ׼ܽϢ͸¶鱨Ӫ֪Ҿڴ˷ֵɡ

ԥ

  

ûе˵ӱϵִС

ǣɱȭ֮һۣһתͷȥ

ԭССͣ£һֱԶȥֻʣһСڵһƱĶ䣬ߺһƱ֮󣬾һ磬ٶϷʻȥ

֮УʱһССĺڵڲ֮һ֮ÿӥ֮ǾͲɹһĨζЦ⡣

ͽ׷Ľţֻܸƨɺ棬׸߿ܸϾصľӥޣ׽ԲصϷŸոտʼ

֮ݳһӿʽ˸ף˳еİա

еĿջһӱԪջڳһңֻع鵽Ϳ¾ӪȻѡ֮

Ҳ£һͿõϢͿҵһЩ֮ң̸¡

ȥ޼ׯδ飬ȥ̽޼ׯ˵Ѿ뿪ȥҲڴӵߣǿʲôϢͿ

˶ҡҡͷͿȴ˵լеλסͣҹҲ᲻ӳٳδйأ

˲˵˼䣬ʱܼҾʹ涾˽ү˵ӣ

ͿӽӹһüͷԪջЩ֮ˣڴǸĵص㣬޼ׯ˱տڲ̸֮£ЩˣѵЩ˶ǳģ

һһͿ䣬ʱһµԺӣܼҽӦһŹֵؽеү״ãϾ͵ſˣҪҪӭӣ

״ʱݷãͿһ˼⣬ȥӭɡ

Ϳſں󣬸״˵ĳѾˣһ³֮ͿҲûü״˾͵ϵܣһţֻŽӵҪǿݽ䱸Ϳϣ⻹зܱѩԼ巢ģҪؼͿ˧ӣ

ѩҪӣͿһȴ״ˣδ飬ͿҲûκϢ˼¡

״ˣȴɫ䣬ǾͲˣȻظˣ˵꣬״˾ʹҴææ뿪ˡ

Ϳ˼Ÿ״뿪ıӰиӿ϶˴˴ݷ飬Ȼйأ˸֮󣬱֪ͨϵˣκйӵһϢԽֹ͸¶䡱

꣬Ϳ֣ɫЩǣȴ⺢ӣǲҵȰ裬ҹ򾩳ȥˣ

պݾ߳ǣ

˵ؿϲǸСǣֵЩȣĽֵԵЩ壬



ʱĽֵϣżһ฽ĵҶſ쳤˲ϣǸѵ

ֻһƥëɫڵȴԵʮ׳ʵܾԣϵģһλòƽ棬˶ۺìκӡһѾǧ

ټҲһɫĴЩȳ϶ȴʧĵСǷصʱСֹ˼䣺ôȵ죬ڽϹ䵴Դһżй

ЩҲĵСɧ꣬ǸĻװӡ

ӸĻװ磬˼·һ·ϣݵؽ磬;ıʱġ

ݽ֮صһСϣһżȻ·ؾ¥ͬӡָʾķݾķλ

һ·һĴӡǰָķλݱ߾ĺСǡ

Щ˺ܶ࣬ЩӡĶԣ˿ߡ

ӴǽӡۼĵطһЩ½ӡ֮˵һҪϰߣǾÿӡڹķʯĵطһһܿĺ壬Ӷһ·Ѱ

λϷƫڱƫϣھСôһӡӦûƫ֮أ

ûЩСεĿ⣬һֱڳ˼ǽӡܻµķλҲûڽֱֵͣӸֶ˳ƫϵĵطѰȥ

ƫλãӼСǿصĸۡ޷ǰֻΧתתѰķʯĵط

ڣתֽǣڸһʯϷǸӡפ۲£ǴбŲȥģǽŸ󣬽żǰ˵뿪ʱ˵ģָʾķСǵĶŷ

ŷ˳ǣһƽ̹ĹٵƱʻڹٵϵٶȲ죬Ӳĺͷһʱỹ׷

һ·ԼһһͷˣټͷûмԼòֻҪԼס֮棬ͷҲһϳԼ

Ϊ˵סͷʱЩ֮µͷѰϢܸϣԼ˾ǡͷˣ鷳ɾͶˡ

Źٵʮء︽Ͷˮˣ;羰ĿҲû羰۾һֱڵɨţΧҲû۵ʯأӲ֪һӡֻĿ·Ѱҡ

һֱԼʮ߰صʱһڽߵСӼС޽ĵͦ£һۿȥܸԣһˮϴط洬ںߣЩǾдںУ㡣

ҲһЩ󴬣Եúܺżͷܶվڴͷڹͷ羰żʫǺȲʵʹطǲӼ˷κֵĵط

ʱѾˣӸôõ·ֻһǰפԹڵøЩǱϵһҾ¥

¥Ƚ嵭Ҳ࣬Сؽӭ˽ڴ¡СѱԵĨӣ͹٣ǵһɣ¥Ʋ㣬͹ҪҪһѽ

㣿һЩ棺Ǿɣ˳ٸŪϺõϣøҾǡ

ϣԵȣСĨϣ͸߳һ󣬾ٴγӭȥˡ

ʱͻȻоһ˱ǶءδŵҲֻŵһЩ漴Եסת

ͼһλȹͷɴҲɴȣ߷ŮӣһλȨڷ˿𣬵ȴ̴ĸˣģףŻŮͽҾ¥

  ڶ ۼ

ŮͻأؽҾ¥жʱհй

ǣ⼸Ů¥ϢûκεĺۼӾȻһ㶼ûв

ϸ룬һǹŹֵϢĸĸӦ˵⼸˵Уһλʵɲĸ֣

ǵСôλֵĿˡҲͷԣǿͣʹЦӭ˽

۾ʱǺŮӵʱһλֻŮһǵʱɫ԰ףɫ壬ջĿ⣬ͷٿ

ӲɫȻڴֻǼɨ˼һۣתŴ⡣

εĺУͼһ󴬻СķʻͷһλֳȵꡣһλʫѧߣߣһλȹͷɴŮڸ٣ﶯںϻصһĿ

ǲ㣬ֻҪز͡һȶУ

ʱ¥֮һλŮӵ˻ͼǵСŸһֱͷλĲʽȫǸɫ⣬زˣ߾մлȣҲûа취֤λܷͨһ£

ǾȡЩʵˮǳЩˮǡλִŮ˵һͳĬվ˺ŮӺλ

ȫɴôԷСһ䣬ȥ׼ȥˡ

  ʯ

ʱһ˶һͬĲˣ˵͹٣㣬ã

Щˣȫ㡣һӰ˳ÿ˵ζͬȻ㣬ͬĳԷ¥ĳҲмˡ

θһӾѸٿ⼸е㶼û̡ʹǴڵҲҪ׷Ų˳Եǽζ

ôóôʱλɴĺŮӳ˼ۣĳ࣬ɵֹһ䣬ƺЩ⶯

Աߵĸȴʹ˼ζҲܻ˹أ

ҵĹһƣѾ˸󱥡λ֮󣬿˼ۣ͸˳š

ôǵˮûŮӵôãڻ̲סˣһλỨŮȥʡ

żǵС̵ضһˮλ͹٣մûȣǾֻ˽ˮõԴ֮ϴЩƷʡ˵Ҫᾡ㣬Щˮκλȣɷʳã

ˮŵ֮λŮ˹֮󣬱㳯˵ͷʥʹˡ˹ྻʳã

ţðɣ˶ԺŮ˵һ䣬Ȼ;˫Ŀ΢գ֪񣬻ʲô

ӳ˾¥ƱιʳϵʱܾǸˣŮЩΡ

ھϴ֮ӦʮΧʲôȫܹӦõֵ⼸ûиӦǽ˾¥֮ҲһֱһȫڵĴ

ĪһĿҲȴһֱûо쵽Ļȸɣ

дɣιָƱҪЩˮ֮󣬾ͱתơƱ͹ɵظ

ߵͷʱ򣬾ͼںϳεĴ󴬴ʱѾ˰һӢѸ˴Ȼеߡ

ӾʱȴһסҪƵرһ£̬ȱȽϿӾƿ˵˹ȥ

ϵλ´֮ʱӾıӰȻ  κƱ۾һףһ׷Ǻɫëģټ

һλȴЦ׷ѩȱѩ֮أҲɫëġԴ֮һЩɫȴûгɫɫëģλСֵܹΪ˶Ŀ⽫ëȾ˺ɫǺǣ˼

һֱӽԶʱҲ˴ߵߵʦ壬Ǵ˴γ̫ʦҪһ·ϵģΪҪһֱڴ˵ͣ

룬ЦЩʱ¶ҪԵ˳ȻãϷڴͣܿͻ֪Щ絽ϼһǣڶøһջϲɣ

ȴϵλŮӱ֮У󣬵ʦʲôţ

·ϣ¥һۡϷϣ¥֮һλϷйһ֮ԵĹˣǰȥһ˰ɡ

תתзʯ֮۲һƽȴûԸԳطֽӡ

Ҫϻ򶫵Ļֻг˴ɹֻԭ·غˡ

ȱ

Ȼֻ·ɹѡ񣬵ûнӡ£Ӿ;ˣҪǶɺȥĻ˱ضͷн½ӡԭ·أʲô

֮ǰǸ²Ǳвȵģôӡֹ᲻˼ͱ˾ϣ

һ뷨֮Ӿٴ򸽽ļͷ۲һھһͷ֮ʱһλڴͷעӺܾõ꺺̲סλС磬ҪҴȥ

˹λ꺺ӣһλͨ񣬱壬ôͷͨ

꺺ӵܴа֧۶ɵĺͿҪȥˣͷܵݼǣݳǼǣɵݼݱءϽӣźϡݶϷͳȥ߽ӣϰϣ÷ȥͻͷ

ȻڽͨҪΪʲôô壿

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ѵǽӡָķ˼ţ꺺ֵС磬ҪȥҪȥ㣬˳·һ̣Ĵʱǣ

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γ֮ϲմκεѪȻĹ⻬羵 ɫâ䣬Ҳ񡣲ݱЩѪ

ʺӼİ˯ȳƣǱӵ֣ȴϷſҲֻôһðȫĸ壬Űܹ֮˯һþЩʰĿӣ

ҹ£УһλͷֵĴţ׷ô죬ͷѾĥҲû˿Ƣ

һλԶͷȻûʲô飬һ붫Ϫ۾ײ֮ͷ֮ܲһ以˳۵Ļ𻨡

̵أʲôҲСޣƶƥڹ֣Ϫʮֲˬ

³ǰ﷭˸ۣȴϷִҸʦ˭ܵСƾֶΣ

˵ţ³ȽͻȻüͷһӦЩ쳣ϢͻȻһЦƥ򣬾ǰ治Զ˵ţ³ǰӰʧС֮С

ϪȻҲӦǹ׷ϢҲ׷ȥȴǲͣ³̵زҪŮ޸СޣŮҪ

ջ֮ǰ᳽վڴڣһֱͷߵλСͯǸˣ˵ĸӡ

ԱߵߵǲǶʲô

᳽ʦ壬Ҿɱ̫أ׽͸ɱʱǸϾɱֺˣҪҵеһ㶼һ

ȴôûпﱧŵСͯûпɱʱ¶һɳô磬ֻɱϣȴҲˣȥοǸϹֶҪѰҵ֮ˣ

ҺŮʱͻȻѿ˵ôһ仰᳽ɷ׷תͷһ㵵ؿŰŮӡ

Ůȴ˵ǲҪᡣֻͰˣǲϲ͵˵ģ

¥֮УͬҲվڴڱϵһλŮӺλˣ׷վںߵǸӡ

ȿڵ䣬ˣ񻨹ֻŮ˵ĸƷڼʶˣһʶΪһӵ̬ദʱʲôĽ

е֣ؼԲ֪Σ½  ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķ

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źߵǸӣȴˡȷʵ޸ҷǿһ档һŮˣǱͷ˵ǳҿˣһӲŮ˵壬ʱǵùԹԸһ̫ʦ棡

̾˿ҡͷ䣬룬ֻʹԽԽԶ޹̫ʦ

񻨶ѣڶͲѾһǵľˡƽָΪǿáԻǳ

ɡһϣ䣬Ҫ̫ʦҪˣǽǿ²ȥ̫ʦ棬ôһԹޣ⼫пܻ̫ʦ治򲻵³ç¡

ջǵĶҲûȻҲⷽĹǣ˭ܵ⺢ӵֻܸƾֶΣһָԸСⶫóԱ֮ױҵȴߡҲʱһչľ棬ֻԽԽ鷳𣿡

鷳֪ӦðǸСմˣˡСһ͵ôСжһססˣ벻߶У񻨶䲻ˬֹһ

֪  

ӵɱˣϵǶǿÿһЩǶ˱ܶ㿪ɱ񣬸Լ鷳

Ҫ֪һλżʦ׷ҴڣջǱɱˣ˭ǡ

ڵ⸱òѾ˼סˣӴʱŰֶѰһȽΰȫĵطĻòǡ

֪ŵ⴦α١֮ǰһиָ뿪ֶ͵һΰȫĵط

ͷϢ£µͷ̨״мͣһȥϰ

һ֮űͨһǴŵһˮȻղɱһĻЩ򿴵Ϊġ

һǴҲǻɪ˺УΣֻõͷ

һͷ̨ף׼һ洬ʱͻȻһҴϵˮֺֽеС硣ϴɡ

ӿһۣе죬йλ棬Ҳû롣Ǵ󴬣Ȼڣֽ˻ һᣬ˺һǣд˼ֺ󣬾ץѸʻ񷲻Ӱ

һƱͷɿر˹ֱ˴ײ˼ˮֱִҧ۵Ĳˡ

Ʊϴ֮ӱϿȥϰ

Ŷˮֺ£ȥߺˮǣ󴬻Ϳ

ʱ߳һλ꣬᳽ӻ˯Сͯ·λּ̨ˡ

˵ӵӦ˾䣬Ͳˣ᳽ֵ̨ŸͯΪ㣬⺢ͯϢ˯ɣ

ллˣӾܾ᳽ĺ⣬ڰֶ˯㡣ұӵָͲɿҲŲ

ӾվڴͷǰĮ᳽˱ڡҲ֪˵ʲô

ʱλŮ˳ֻӻеİֶ⺢ӿϵˣӦøЩҩǣҰɡ

ôһѣӰԼģֶȷʵˣЩطŧףˣȷʵбҪҩ˲ǡǰŮӵлѣᣬּƽϢֶۣ࣬ʱûޣ

ӵͷӻͳҩ׼ֶҩʱʱһ˻ͼһλŮߵ˲ңŰֶÿɰСܵŶкܺóԵĹϾͲˡ

ҲŲԡֶŮõ˵Ĺӣȴһֱӵĸ첲磬Ҳ۵ģ

ŮӴʱתͷǺŮӶһۣ˫һĻ𻨣նʱԵù

Ӳ֮Ľ棬ȻȡҩһС롣ҩˮȡ㽫ֶϵȫ

ֶСƨɣòеŮЩ죬׷תͷ

Ƕȥ¡ٴʳӵŮ˵һȻͿʼֶҩ

Ů⻰һ㶡ôԼʹ񻨶䣬Ҫ漴һУ䣬£

񻨶ӣʮֲˬؾͳ˲ңŮҲţӼֶҩ

ҩʱᴥ˿ڣֶϾСӣʹֱᣬв̣ǾͽĹţȻ͸ֶֶ˰ɣȳԵӡһٳԷŵ㣬һͲˣ

ֶȷʵܶӹӵݹĹӣʹڳ רעڳԹӣԵĿɿڣӸҩʱʹ

˰ʱ֪  

ӽҩãú󣬰ֶѾʮˣʱǰŮӶһڵķ˽˲ңŵϺӵлˣȥɡ

Ůһ㶣һۣͳ˲ңӾͽùֶԷɡ

ţֶͳ

ԼҲ룬Ų˳ֶаǷʱܲʱӣԵСĹĵģȴʣ磬ôԭһˣ

֪˶עĶԼòĻ֮ǰŮ˵ˣֶôʣ֪ǳ׵ı¶ˡǵԺ󣬾ͻҪȥԭӡ˿˲ã

 

ֶǸӣҲͲˣμǵӵ˫һ۾Щûд۾ҪҲȥȵ

ͣȴֶҪĻȵΣգбһλȥԺסڴһȥġ

ţֶĻֶܹɣҲͲˣͷԷֻע⵽ڲ䡣ʱἰʱ͵͵õ⺢ӺܴҲܶ¡Ҳ֪£ȴĵס

ȳ˷ͻȻʣֶﱻ׽סģ

ֶҺףеųûԶһȺ˾Χסǡ׺Ǵɴ򲻹ǣ˰׽ȥвףǾͱ׽ˣֻҺһֱ˺ԶȻ˴Һ׾ͱ

ЩУһЩߣ½ӡˣǰ壬߳ʱͱ׽ߵġֶĸӵεһˣʵֶǴЩˣûץ˺һģ

ţһλүү·϶ҿɺˣЩúصţںһ𱻹󣬹˼

  ڶ 

ǲģ˵ȥ˯ˣλͦ  

ҹɫµԵʮֵһЩĴֻҲӵ

ִϰ֮󣬲ĸ賿ʱ֡

ӱ˯ְƱ˴ֻض᳽л֮󣬱㲻ᴬϵˣﳤȥ

񻨶ӣֱҧѣôСˣ

⴬ûΪʲôҪȥЩϲ֮£˵⺢ɫæЩҪҪǺβæЩˣἰ

ҿСԶûæʱ˭֪ʲôʱǸͷ񻨶áԻǳˬ죬ʱ췹ˣСӻùԹԾͷ

˵赣Ҳּʲô

󴬵֮УŮ߶ڴ᳽֮󡣱ʦ壬뿪ȥˡҪҪţ

أġͣڴ˴Ⱥǣ˵꣬ͱĿ˵ˡ

겻ʦ˼Ѱ˼֮ʣʱߵ۾ͻȻüͷϻ׷ˣȥʰңϷԩҰɣ

ͷҲʶȤ⼸۵ĹǺЪЪšٺ١洫Ц֮󣬾ͼϪͷֵ߽˲ңֱһԱϵľƺͶžƺһ˻񫣬͵᳽Сӣȥþ

᳽֪ͷʦʶҲǰ͵ͷ˲þȥˡ

εǰԩҡͷꡰʥᣬǱͷ϶ֵҲԽΪϲ

ϪЦŹԼѵóʦһΣȻˡ˵ʦͷûǲҪһҿȻ򲻹ң

ԱߵİŮЩˣһ

ȡ  ʯ

Ϫת˰ŮӼۣСŮӦСӵŮɣֵܶ˶ûдӮңСŮҿҲ죬ϷŮôһ㣡

һͨ䣬ŮӸǲˣҪȴѩСӾϲˣֻûգ

˵ֵ꣬³ǰͷһͬǰİɣθʦ֮ˣʶ֮ˣϷͲǺ⣿

Ϫ͵ôһ˵ϷҲƣϷʶСˣﻹô󾢺ӸҴڣ

ƥ㻹ôƶ죡ʱһͼλ³ǰ˽˲ҡ

Ϫתͷ⸾˼ۣƵǻ̵ʥŮפ֮ȻеŵֲǰƥһǴˣԭĴˣڷҲ갡õʥϵ϶ǼˡܰЩɫԵͷת򡣺ٺ

ιϼһ죬˵ѣ񻨶ʮֲˬص

СӼֱ뵱һӣСץСһˣϷˣûŮһЩСŮޱȱȣ˭ŮܰС޸ȥ

˱׷׻صϻһۣ³ǰȴ϶ǲ֮ȻҶǡʥᡣϵʶˣԷʦ֮Զⶫƣڴ̸̸ۣС޵ɣ

ʱ򣬰ֶѾӵĻԻ˯ǻӻ磬ſĴѵÿѽ˰ɣɡҲ

һ·ӱų  Сһ˯ĺ㡣Ҳࡣ㽫ŵԼǰ棬ƱľϣԼ˹

磬ôûֶԼܣץϵķ֣Ǻ档

ӵģԼ֪ȥ

ãŪϵҰҪɵֶ˵

ţԺлᡣһŪһƥӦһһͿ

̫ʱƱڸʻ֮£һСǣݾϲһͨСǡΪ

ʱøϿǣӴŰֶ˳֮󡣾ͼԶһǽϹһСӹһһ˸ķš

ŵָʾһֱ˳ϵһƬվۼסС߹հ˹յģһš

ŵһλ꺺ӣİˣ˭

ǰӦһԵӵ

ǹҺ̵ϵǺһ⻰ɫ֣ʵ

һƵӵ

룡꺺Ӽ˰Ҿһ񣬽ݣеһصһլ֮˾ӭ˳

ض񣡡

Űֶ֮󣬱ҶһЩҪҪҪ˼ݣ;Ѿɺҫţǻݱ߾ǽͷ;٣ţɱۣݺͿǾҫһʲôʱȲ÷ɱӪˣ

ǣҶӦ֮ӱ԰ֶֶ λ嶼ֵεˣǻᱣ㣬ȸǻؼҰɣ

ֶЩᣬǵͷ磬һλĻģŴһܾȳ

Ҷֶ֮ӱˣ̳Ǿڴ˷ֵɣ

ǣҶӦ֮Ҷֶ𣬾ͳš

ֶ뿪ʱһӡĨ󣬾ͽͷҶļϣĵ磬һҪ䣬Ϊ׺үү𣡡

ӽֶߺլд˰ʱָӡ󡣸һ쵽ĺӵòճ˺ӣصĻ֮󣬾뿪˼ǣ򱱶ȥ

ͷ

ȡ  ʯ

һҴ󴬵Ĳ֮Уʱھۻ̸ļ˵УʱͻȻɫһ䣬㲻˵С޻Ӱôôֳȥˣ

ţ˼Ƭ̣ѵС޲£Ҫ

̵أ㲻ĵ˵С޻ôϷһ·֪һأͷһҪʲôģ

ϪԵʮֲˬȻţ³ǰסʣƥʲôղſɶ˵õģ

ȥéаϪƲƲӣȻʹҡڵسš

ڳ֮ȴҡͷϼһȻҲǸϻͷéް϶봬׷ȥˣ

ƥ̫թˣ³ǰŴһҲҴҳ˲ҡ

ЦǸղνԼ⻹ʱͱ˺ˣȻˣţǲѾʲôյĴ㣿

  ڶ 췹

Ȼ˵ˣǱҲֱ˰ɣ

˺ĻԼǵ£ȻµģǼʹ׷ǺӣҲ޼¡

ҵ̫ʦ͸ң¼ȻϹر֮һġ±ڡ˴ӣ˵¶ԴӼһݵԴϹǶĸ档

ϹΪһ֮ˡ֮󣬶һ֮ˡϹ֮Ҳԭ򣬲龳֮ǰҵʦἰӵˡ

Ϊҵ̫ʦ棬ڵ¸ҪãҲϹͲһ⺢ߺϹͬ·

˵ŵʲôƾʲôΪ⺢ջ㣡

ҵ̫ʦͬҲ߹һ£Ǿǹڡزᡷܣ⺢ǾͳҲҪ·ͱҵϹµǲϹǾزᡱ

ԺͻȻһЦ

ͷǣǺǣ

ݾڣڣϮԣ

һ˵Уһձڽǧ˰ݾ뾩Զˡ

ʱ֣Ʊ˿һˣҲЩƣӱٵһЪ

¶Ĳ̯רǹ·ʱЪŵģȻҲϹӦ̯һϺ˱󣬲ŵ͹٣ˮѣͨģϺõģҪ֣

ӲؿϺһۣ˵ǸܻˣͨʲôۣϺõʲôۣ

ϺͨʮǮЩʲϣϺõʮǮһЩʹʳϣ

ʮķŵϵҪ֤ҵܳԱ㣬ȥϰɣ

ϺЦǮ󣬱㺰һͼһ˸ӹ϶ʲϻʳ֮࣬ϺȡЩͲϹӿ󣬾ԼȥιϺˮɣ

ϣϺӦһǳҲиˮͰҨһͰ˹ֲ鿴º󣬱Ʊ߳Աߺȡ

ʱҲûˣϺƺҲǸ֮ˣһƱ͹٣ƥֻϺûɫë׷ˡ

ʱٵһϺһͲˣӭ˹ȥǼ֮󣬾˲̯ǰ

  

ӵƱԺú㣬Ҳ˹֧Ϻһͷȥ

ڲ̯Щ˵Уһλʮ˿˺˼Ϻ˼ңղ˵׷

ϺæµʱӦ͹˵Ĳȷʵ׷Ϻƽûмɫë׷أ

ж½شˡһ⻰ʱվз˻󡣾ͼ׷ȥ

Ӽ֮ʣо׷ϣǻعͷϸһۣоӣһ˸ղھǸ̯ʱо⡣һλϢ쾳硣

Щ׷ϸһ룬ӦǵõϢ֮ҪģƱëɫ¶γʱ˸ƱëɫϴпЦһһ谡

ֻƱٶȣЩ׷Ҫѵ㾢ģӵǣҪЩ˵ô֮ܽпܻ¶

ڰ;г̵У·һ·һշȥ

֮ضɽ֣ɽһ֧ԽݣѡУʮ֮󡣾͵ɽ

׷ɽ֮غ󡣾;ٶҲȻԷֻһˣԷɽ֮Ǻѷġ

ʦ֣ҪҪ׷ɽһСǺҵһĿθ塣ֳϸգеһλ꺺ӵ

ʦҿ˿˼µ˵Ȼ׷ŪɺɫëģȴǸˣϢ˵ò᲻鱨˲

һλʦܸʦ֣᲻ƥǡҪõСѾӱĵطˣ

ʦ˵ĵҲӵ׷ҲһƥжϣЩˣת̽һѰЩ˵ʱ뾩Ǳ߱ǣʦ˵ תͷһ϶ȥ

ӽɽ֣һСϪѾӦû׷ˣСϪͣϪˮƱϴǺɫë

ƱҲܻʵƤӸϴʱҲˮñ˹ˮǹһӲͱƱһ

ƤؼһȻ͵ϮҡҲ£ͲϵƱˮƱƤؾϪˮ֮ȥģʱһϪˮһһľɽ֮Уĺò졣

ȽƱϵëɫϴԭɫ֮ʱҲϪˮܳȫʪ͸ˣɴͽ·ȫóŵϣ˳㽫·ҲϴϴʹʯͷţԼϪˮ֮ʹϴ˸衣

⼸һֱûϴ衣Ϫˮϴ˸󡣸оޱȵˬʱ·Ҳˣʰãװ֮ƱҲٵƤظˮˣܹɵڵȺ

ӷ֮Ʊ˻һɽ֣ٴǷȥ

Ӱߡ

֮ϣں̸ʱͻȻɫһ䣬˵ã⡰ϢĸӦôˡǺѵˮ

ЩԾǺʱǺµġϢֶοܺİ

ǺӼǰӱس;ʱʱ͸оӲͬѰΪ´͸ˡϢҲ׷ٵֻǺڰ;־쵽Ϫͷ׷ǾͶ˼ͨϢһ·ǺÿǺһΣһзִ磬Ầġ

һ˿ȴǹһЦĻϢȻ棬ͨݵϢӦǺӣͿˣһǺڿһ㣬ϴ裬˳ٰ·ƥʲôҲϴˣһȫˡ

̾˿˺⺢ӣֻ⺢ӵƤˣʹֻҪӴĦϢͻǻᴫ·ϡ˵ϴ費˵·ҲϴˣǱҲûа취ˡֻл⻨Ϣ

ȻĸӦҲжˣôҲòҲűˣ⻨Ϣж֮ںη

ɻ⺢һ·򱱡;ֳϢΪŨңɽֵشϢжϡ

һҲοЦȻˣ̰ɡ⺢ӻ綫ϪǸϽƻԣأ˰

Աߵѩ壬ҺʦҪҪУ

ҡͷǾڴ˵ȺɣǺӻģϷȻεЩ֮ʱģ

˵ţӰѸٵʧ˲֮Уβ񻨶ڴϴеѣôѽ

Ѿʧ˴ϡ񻨶ֻ䣬ʹڴϰɣĹάֲסʱġζݡȥɣ

񻨶ֱţеǸɶؼһôͰѡϢŪͲҵĻ´һҪ췹ߺߡ

 ڶ`ڶ

ȡһ¡˳ƱƼƱġѵĵġ

ɫ

Ұرһ缲磬ͨǵĹٵϼ֮ʣټƾѾңң

ʱٿƾϵĳţǷ¶һֹŹֵ̾ԭƾǣҲˣ

ҲûнǵĴ㣬֮󣬾ֱһݡ

ҲӪҵֻѾˣܷѾﵱСˣҲݷˣӽźֻ֮λˡ

ǰ̨ĻǸһʵСӽº󣬳ɨһۣһֺ裡

ûб䣬ǹӵĴ֮ͭٴγ˳ζȴǰ㴿ȴһֿɬζֱҡͷ

仨ȥ߲δ

ʱеһλͻȻ˵ôһ仰ת˵仨δʱ費ʶ

ˣϵλ˴ʱվһӹֵ𻰡

ӱλ˽֮һ˱Ѹٳš

Ǹңӽ֮˱ܵĩۣӣ֪ΪͻȻֻؾ

ӵ̫ӻǻϡ֪ܷͨһ£

۵ڹӴϻضİʱ뾩ϢڹѾ˳ǣԵƬ̣ܿлظ

뵽λŵĲͣ˹֮ĵȺһôҲû˵Ҳʲôûʡ

Լʱңʱλʹ˽۶߶˼䣬۵ͷ˱š

ŵӣһһ̫ͬеǣͣƬֱ̣ͬ빬

µ̫˭Ӻ棬һ䡣

桱ֻ˵һ֣һоȻˡ

۵ĸ£ֻ˸̴ӵװ֮ʱȻ˶֮С

ֻͣ˰Ĺ򡣱ٴ̡

ֱƵʱ֣ھʱֻйµļ̲¾УӾͻ֮н˳Ǻ󣬱ֱʳǶȥ

еĳӣص

һ¹һλߵ˴ʱڹı֮ϣָͣôŷ֣˼

һλҲߵĺʱϣαһ¡ŴϢǸһ꣬һƥɫë׷ݵϵ˵ڹլɱֱŸͯ׷ɱǵˣɱ֮һҴ󴬣ϰȥˣ;ǵַëɫ׷һˣ׷ɽ֮˽ƻʧǾͷϢݣ϶ᣡ

˽թںĿģȽΣȻΪеļģȥǸѺΣ٣ҪⱩ¶Ŀ꣬˾ǲȣȣǾͲ޵ɱȣ˶üֵֻɱ˱ǣ

Ӱ̫˽˻ʳ̫ӵĶֱ̫֮֮ӴӴӲŶ룬һҡ

һң̫عͷӵСӣؾ֪Σգټھ㣬һΪ񣬶ЩΧ˱򸮣

֪ʵ̫뻹Ǹʵйͷϴڴܷ򸮵ʱӾͻͷһ͸ʵè塣

ڿڴ£ʵѾ棬ȻסΪ̫Ҳζš뱱ɷɶ    ʱ̫ӴҴææ˽ӼۣץסļӣôֹͷؾΣյģ

£˴뾩Ҳǲ֮£ҪҪҲϣºͻܾ춨ᣡ˺ϵ֮󣬾ͻָ˱ò

̫ӿ˺µߣǺ棬£Ӿ˵

ӵһ£ҥͿ侭ʧ֮£ʵΪǽͿ侭ɢ£ѹȻͿ˺Ƥ±˧ݲ֪飡

⻰̫ͬʱ˿ֵڶ£ྸпܻͿϵΣҪЮ˧Ȩ Ҵص־뱱ϱ˧ϴڲྸϵжһҪѸײڶܸЩκδϢʱ

̫ʴֵ£ǱڲѾìܣȶѻϸ£ȶԱ֣űȻᰵи֧ӦΪĿģྸһֱ忪ڸ֮£ҽװΪӦʣ̫ӵ±ʱڣྸûüӦ֮ǰ±

ʵӣ˵£ûһС°ǲͬʱɵģϷ򿴣ĿǰҪĻҪס˧ı˧ӡҪ֮£һñ˧֪Ϳ侭ϴ֮£Ա˧ӣȻҪྸ׾ѣʱ̬͸أͿϣñֹңʱûн¸֮ڱ˧ȷǵľ

ӵͷ֮صĵһ£Ǿڱ֮нϴҪϵ־ϣ̫ӵҲԽ˻ᣬԱ֣ͬҲһ˫Ļᣡ

̫ӻЩ⣬ӣ²ôһ˵һ˫ָʲô

ӵҪ£رӪõĹߣرӪڱбҲܱ为ⱱرӪг⣬ôǿԽ˻Ա֣֪һҲȻӦ֮£ҲԶرӪ¼չԱĵ飬һʹ

ͻȻӣرӪŪأ˸𲻵Ч˵ĻܻΣġ

ͻȻϴͿһս󣬱˽شƱҶ֮£ǿԸǶһ췴ģ±ѹôЩƱ쵽رӪУʱҼϸ뱱رӪ֮Уһɣ˭ѹ

ྸǴˣҲҪһѲذҼϸĽʲôʹЩ鲻ܳɹôһˮҲܹҡϵĽһìܺͷѾ棬ྸ̵ĻǿԴĵظɣ̣Ǿͱǰ췴



⻰̫ͷ𣬵˿ʱͷ֮ҲɴϢ˼ڣӶ¶Լֻ˳ǵʵۡ

ʵԵõܽϢоѰ˼СôŽҪؼԼʶȻʲôش飬ԻʵҲʲôϢǾ̫ӻԼҲһ

ֻ˵ôһԴǣλȵĵʱҲͷ磬ֱ

ȱ

ྸǰ췴ʵҲδ飬һʵҪ췴ĻûӦԵİգΪһж죬ྸǰ췴ĻֻȡСӺöļı

ڶ ű

ܽʵУԻʵۺ̫˵Щֻһڰˡ

еռĿģͨЩ¼ྸҲϾͿʲôƻãӶͿһϢĻᡣ

ͿɽһۣųʹԪ¼ѩϼ˪̬һiȥ롣

Լǣ಻ɵ˶ΧתֹͷٽͿǣȥĻͿϽٲ

νʮбҪģྸעһ֮⳯ϣͿ˴ϢĻᣬˮ֮Ҳˡ

Ԥıһϵ¼֮У°׵壬ǰ̨һΪҪĽɫͬʱҲΪ׻ƾֵֵŵѹһϡ

һҹڶ֮Уʵۺ̫ӣʼһ̸ֱĸʱ֡

ڻʵۺ̫ȥϢָ֮ϸ̸˹ͿϽĳ·ɱӺĴĿġ

ֱʱʻҪ糯ڶٶǾʹӺܳź󣬾ֱƵǣȺϳ

Ȼʹڶ֮УﶼûȥҪ̫ʵ۽ϳ֮󣬾ļ²֮ȷ֮Ϣ

һЩϢȷʵĻôʵʩЩƻǻʵ۵ˡ

ڶһֱȵʱ֣̫ӴҴҸ˻֮󣬾ֱңװӣȻϣ֮ȷʵ˺ܴìܣոϳʱͶݵǼ̽£̬忪Ĭ˧һŭ⣬Աڿྸɫ

ʶϴݸ֮£ྸѹ´µԵɣྸֻ˵֤ݲ㣬ڵʱة̫ȴһЩ֤ʣʽּҪϣϲ£رӪҲڰнУû˲¿!

ȴ£Ҫֱ֮£ҪڸĽϣˡҶֱԣڸʵȣྸ͸ڸȻοڸҪ£Ǳصڸ֧УʼԼϵ˲ţԶЩˣڲȫǣӵԼһװ׵ĳΣڽڵǻָܷ֮ʹʮֹؼ!

̫ӵ忪ڸྸһЩԼϵҲҪŵ˼ɵһЩǣѾ쵽鲻̫ԾìӾ磬Ἷһྸlu+'1

룬ͻȻʵʲôӦ

˵£̫Ҳƣ֮ǰб仯һʮֻԾ˴ǵĿνƵģĲɡ

˵ʱʱһλ̫ͻȻ̫ӵ£̫аƽȥ˶¹ȥ!

Ǻ̫ģΪ⣬ֵתͷ̫ӵʲôʱ˻飬־Ȼ֪飿

̫ӵʵǰʾ붨µĻԼŮ붨ǱףҲףڹΪ졸Ů˻飬̫ͰƽںҪ!

ӾһЩ̫ԾĵطһʱҲûͷ£ȻˣҲŵ£ϣҳ!

Ҫȥ̫ЩȵΣգ֪ǲ֪˭ųʲôϢ֮ˣи˶ǻ۶Ҳų˳Ҷ㲻!

ӵһֻܻ֮£Ҫκἰ̫

̫һ⻰ͻɫһ䣬ӣҴˣطϢʱ̫ΪôŹ飬ҵʱûô࣬˵֮!

üͷһ壬̫ɫȻ˴£ǿἰϸ̸ˡ

⵹û!̫ӵֻ˵˻棬̸

飬ֻδ!

Ծĵطнָо֮󣬱£ˣȥἰεȫּƻţһЩԽµĲο飬¿ɺúòֻ꣬һ仰Ҫѵ£ţκ˿̫!

ӽдõŽ̫ӣһ֮󣬾ͳ˷䣬̫Щⲻȥ-ӳ

Ǿʱмȥ

һǽȥˣ»鷳ס

ͷ

ܽĿѾﵽ֪Щ飬ʵҪͿԪ棬֪ʻɣ֪ô

ྸûвɻʵ̫ͻȻЩ᲻-Ҫж֮ǰ롣

̫ڸǣŸʱ򣬾͸ӦһɲͬѰϢ-뾩Ϣһ©ˡ

ܲ!ʻſڵʱ

ʱסȥ·Ҫм顣

һڸͳƣ"ϹǵĹۣ̫ӵµҪǣҲҪô

²ңֻǳ̲ǵְڣ-

³ְ𼴿ɣð!

ȴ룬ĵˣ뾩Ϣ©˸ģԲڸ֡

ִҪ̲飬ضҪʱ䣬ӱǹʱ䣬ǣ˭ٸΪѣɱ!

ڸţǻʹ˸ɫ˵鵶ȵ̫ӵʾٸţɱ!

˵ţǰУڴʱȴͻȻѣһһᣬҲ鵶һײһŻ𻨣˵˵ʵ൱

ţɱ!һʱһſڵʱ

Ӧ׼رճš

ľȻŵ飬Щ˸ǳǱȻһЩͽǲӵܸɵóˡ

ӼҪţⲻƣһ䣬ֱӴ֮д˳嵽ǰһֻৡһһͱն˲ӣѪ硣

ǺôĵӣȻڹ컪֮ɱ֮£

췴źţлӪ־˷!

һ˵꣬ͳ鵶ɱսţʱΧİռپɱˣѾѪҲһŻҡ

!!ž!

һִʱӻͳһͲӣѸûȼ֮Ǳһɳ죬ը֮ųһѤ̻־̻֮󣬷׷𶯣

ڴʱྸ֮С

ྸʱɫ˼㣬ǵǿеһѤ̻֮ʱֱɱйߣŭ⵽һĴĴ£ⲻǹݾߣҵȵļƻô!

漴ྸȵϸȥ飬˭ڻ£ҵʹңҪ濴ûӵĴǸʲô!

!֮УһӦһ󣬾ҲûϢ

漴ྸֵȻѾˣǼʹֲҲ޼ˣʦ֮Ϊ֪ҿԷŹСһȥɣܷѩΪ֮!

лү!ѩ֮漴ʧྸ֮С

ྸ֣ԶȴǵΪʲôΪʲô֮˾Сӣ֪ˡһж!

  ڶ Ƽ

һֹྸڷŭڶϺ򸮵Ұ磬ĪʱȴѾŭ˺üˡ

ûҲûŭֻ䵽£˵⵽˭֪Ϣ˴ɼ飬ʲôǹҪ𾩳Ǹעô

ʱһλ෢ͻȻ֮УĪɫһ㹧ӭȥʦ𣡡

෢ޱصڸϹֶ˾ǣ˵ǺӶȻھǣֹͷ˵ȴݾ֮£ڹ֣ҲųǱĿԡһȳ֣űȻҲҪָԤǲ֣ڷı䶯ҲóˣҪڱ֮ǰ⺢֣

˵ָ꣬ǧҪмһ㣬۷κ£򲻵Ҫǻˣɲһʬ壬Ҫмǣ

˵ֵ꣬Щ֡ᣬһ֮س֮ˡ඼ʦʵʥǲ׶ֵģ˸ҶϷҲ˲ʲôʥ˶µĹˣ

ǣͽȥ죡Ī˵꣬ʹҴҳš

ſڣһðƵĳʮֵķƺе־ӵĹһһǿҡ

ֻʵݲǿνĽɱӾ;֡Щ˸ģһһŷȻһǵĿǲӳǣڳҡ

ԸǳɣӦֵϢڽӽٵĻһЩָϵûκߵĻᡣ

ͼɱģӷŷ֮󣬾Ͷһƥλһʣµ˾ͽˡ

˵ţӷǰ壬˴УסҪˣ

Цӿٶȣһ׷׷β׼ɱ֮ʱָһָһâ

˻ָһָһ

ĵ⻮ƨɣʱ˻һͿʼ񱼣ϡץס֣һŵǸֱײس˳š

֮ʣµļסۼӳ˳ȥ˫ͨһȻ󽫵ԼľǰȻӵԿˡ

ӳǺɱ֮ʣתͷһĻгɻЩôĿĵʲôΪʲôԼ˳ǻӵԱ

Ѿ˲ЩˣҲ˲һٲľ롣ݡһһ֧ƿնܲһ㣬Ǽʹǰ

ݣݣݣ

ϵƿʱо裬оǽϺҪҼɱڳ¡òѸһغ«ЩݣƿնĿյ֮ϡ

˴⬣Ѫ硣һ֮󣬾͵ض

ƱӰ֮ʱһŭҲ֪˭͵ϮǳǽĶǰҲ޷ʶЩʲô˲õ塣

ֻǱʶģΪһǱͬھ̬ģЩ˾ͲԱ𣬵˾˭

Ժ֮нļ˹һ֮󣬵һ뵽ǽ롣

ĽȴûͣǰļĹ񱼣ڱİٲľ룬Щ̷Χֻ֮ͷһۡ

 

ͼǽϴʱһƬҽһ߾ʬ屻¡һɫӵ߾߽Ⱥһ㣬Ĺͽǽϵ˽ɱ֮

Ĺ򡣱˳ǽ

ʦ֣

Ӽλͷͫһ£˽ԼȴûɱţǴ㲶׽Լˡ

ڴʱʱŴִһȣĪˣšͼһλ˵ӰһǡٶȲǺͷ׷

ȻʶѩֻǰͷȻĪӲ֮ʣӡ䵽УСӶù

ĪۼҪץˣܣһԼǻͷһһϮ㿪֮Ѿ֮£ѸٵػһΣΧȴһ

Ҳôյʱĵ飬Īۼˣɴŭѩ̣Ϸ㣬ãҪʶ̧٣Сӣ˭Ҳߣ

ţǶͷѩȻĪĴʲôøСǽ׽ߡڳ˳ǣ˫ûʲôǣ˻ҩһ֡

޷ȥѩĪ֮Ľ棬ƴһٿ񱼣о½׷˳ʱҲá

ӱصʱ򣬵·һ󣬴ʱһ˳Ⱥ˶һɱ¶صļơ

˵ɱȻֱ塣˻֮нɱӣҲ̫뵱Ȼˣ׷ƨɺ붼һЩʦϵϹ֣ЩФСóѡ

ҪӶ֣ʱоʹһȣҲҷϷҪޣ˭Ҷ˭̸ܣ

䣡

һ죬˲Ŵ˳û˵Ӹǰʱ򣬴ʱһǿޱȵ籩һϮ˺죬Ⱥ˵п˻

ǳһըͶŵȺһЩֻһ棬һ

϶ЩһϷȴС޶ȥ羰ɶ

ʱһ³ǰӰͻȻӿ񱼶ӵ·ߣͷ˹СһӼ𣬴Цһ֮Ҫߡ漴Цݾͽסˡ

Ҷ壬ûзӳ

ٶ壬ûӳ

Ҳƣͷԭض岽ǽʬ˼񶼻ԭأûʲôӦͷڸʲôɻ

³ǰ﷢֣ĵζݾȻá漴ŵһ֮󣬲ɴһǾȻҰϷ򣡡

˵䣬ͼӰѸǰ

³ǰʱúڲԴŵһϢ֮󣬾ͰˡûϢĸ֣Ѿʶġζݡ֣ҲֻǸɱ˼¡

ʱǰ³ǰץӵһĿ ЦеصƥΥԼȡϷΪͶϪϻһģڿҲǴ·ˣ

***ƥϷС޶·ϣ϶ãȻҼӵֳɣҴ

ɴʱرҪ֣ʱȴǰͷҪе㲻

ڼ˵֮ʣʱͼӰ˸ͬʱҰ֮УԶʦĸ֣

ӷ֡ʱ浱Уƺֻһʵ졣ΧЩȫʦϵϹ֣ȴĿۼĽ㣬һС޴ӵĴ֪Σ½ װ ½ڸࡣ֧ߡ֧

ȡ

 ڶ 

ĪҲûٴ򶷣ʶ ?ʱ򣬾ͣͬʱλҲʦʵӴδЩˣҲ֪ǴðģЩվͬһߡ

̣˪ǣǧ죬ǧɽ̩ɽµӶҶȻΪֻͣλ ֮ˣǲʧ !

ʱһλߴһȺ֮˳ĿǰƵصȼˡ

һλߣпЦһʶǵӣѵʦǰûҵڴдֵĿô

ƲƳ죬Ǽƥ򾹳Ϸעʱ͵֮ £֮˳ҶǷֹ!

֮ ֮ˣҶͣҵȻҶĴ֮Ҷ֮ˣǽվͻµȹɣб£СǾܴȥǣҺа֮ϻ!

ԱߵһλڰͷҲǰڰףԵúܹŹֵߴʱ˳۾ʱ֮дЩȻǵһλ׷ߡ

ĪȴǵʦֺαظǿȻ֮ˣӦҶжȥ򣬻ֲ֮˲ !

ȴǵȻʶˣô취ҲһǾǱȹ֮С޵ȥ⣬ȡ

˵ͻȻһͣȺ˵Уʱ˭ҲûвһͷͷͻȻ˲ע֮ʣץӾܡ

˾һ漴ŭˡ

ջߣͷץסӵʱӻǳһ֮ʱͷͻȻСӣϷһ֮һֱӣʵӲס!

˭أͷȻ!

̲סдһ֮󣬵Ҳйůӿʱ򣬾Ѿ֪˭ˣڸֽʵû뵽ͷҲͦƻȻܹڶ־ۼȥĿյ֮а͵ߡ

ֽӼܳԶ׷ᣬЩģۿҪ׷

ʱһ˻ ߴƱϣҵ    һ̣ǾͷֵɣֻҪӵЩҵҲô׵ !

ֽʱóһСֽ ӵ·ϿϷ֪СӹأҪǵϷĻʵ޴ӵĻ!

⻰ЩڵأͷôѾЩˣۼǹӵѾҪ׷ Ʊɱʱٶȼ졣

ֽ׼ʱһȥ !  "  һƣӸеһǿһƣǷڵһ㣬Ʊ˹ȥ

ƱҲܴڷɱ̵УһתεرסĲӡ

ӱסƱĲ֮漴һʱƱ˻һ籼ףٳϿ񱼶ȥĹ򣬾ͽ׷ϵ˦һ֦

ֽ-  ЦЦͣڹ׷ʱȻǰһȺʦ׷һСޣ龰Ϸƽͷһμ!

ð϶һǵ£ս!

ۼ񱼣ٶԽԽ죬Ѿ˦һأһλͷºܻؾһͨ

ӱֽ˶

ϷyӶht,f B

Ϸֵ еֽ !

ǣϷǸСֵģǼȻҪ׽

ôϷǵóѣҪɣٷϻ!ֽ

ʱĪҲ׷ֽ֮󣬱һĶͷϻϷǳѲԵϻˣʦסϻ׷СӲԶ!

˵ţĪֽ㷵϶һ£ûг!λʦͰڿƴ

ڹֳ׷ȥ֮ʱʱϪȴͻȻӰһ˹ӵǰ̸ܵģ׷ˣϻҲ׷ˣϴδ˸ƽ֣Ϸһֱа!

ӱϪסҲǶ˾ʹ

ڶϪ³ǰӳȥͷһȻԵãһۺ󣬽ƻתת󣬵˼ƽϺ󣬱ѩС˭ͽܣôϷδ !

ѩ֪ͷҪֹ׷ۼѾܵĿûӰˣ һ֮̾Ҳû׷Ҳûи³ǰ˼ȭˡ !˵꣬ѩ̵Ӱ㳯ȥ

³ǰһסһͷͷǸӣɷ˵³ǰｻ˻

 һģ׷ˣҲ֮׷ϣʱҲͣ ס

ȥķؾӦ㣬Ҳ˸ͷ󣬱λסǵߵȻλһ£ҲʶһǶ֮˵ĸУ0͡???

һ׷ȴͼֽĽ֣ڶʧĿĸǣȴǻ֮һ  ĸֽľҰ֮Ļ.

Ӳۣһֱϡ

ȴǳɻϵĻٵ뻢ڣͷһֱ⻰ﵽʲô

ֻڳݾʱ֪ͷΪʲôҪӣļؿʱ֣ﶼʮֵܣϱߵһؿȽɡ

ʲô˲޵ģͻȻ뵽ͷԼǸֽӻȡ˳ͼȻ׻дġ

һ׻鱨Ӫ ĽģԼϢй¶󣬾ǸѾڰڲãǶԳĹؿȵأصǶԱصĲãĿľҪھ׽

 ἰĵطǸĵ㣬ǱõΪܣھƻ ɹµĵڶ׷ǷأҪ׽һҪǴݵصһЩϢżȣ Ҫ׼ʼԱʵʩƻ y o

-ҲǴȥģ ڵԽԽ粽У    ؼʱ䵭һ ֮ԼٱӦòϰ

֮ گֽٵȻߺһۣƹܵĹؿʻݵؽ磬ϣԭʱ·ĻҲһѡƿЩ

ֻǼƻ ûб仯죬Ӳڣʻݵؽ磬Ӹʱͻأĳ˱Ѻ $I ȥ;Уȴȫļƻ

лʯͷӡԵĴ֧!

  ڶһ 

ڱѺͿУ˵Ƴ֣˵һǰ塣

ǼȻѾ֣һ壬ԷҲҪȳ

ֶʱε񡣰ʱиµĳŵһжʹǰ̶ѨҲҪһ

ѺⰲһеһˡںԶͿֽ֮ϴŵĳ滹һܴʹǵгʮֵĻ

˵ʵҲͣҿĺܽͣͣ

ҲûԴһȾֱӳȥƴˣۿɫѾԶԶβں棬۲ΧĻ

︽ûʲôׯ˼ңǰӰͷǴĻֻڻҰ֮¶ޡ

ֻںһ֮ͻȻı⣡

ʱԼƣԶԷγƣԼȴʱ䣬Ϊṩõʱ䡣ҲԷǲ²ԼСĽڲ֣Ҳ֮ǲŻ벼ֵĵصɱ

ôһϸ룬Ҳ⣬Ҿͳ嶯һѿǲǰԷڽУɹô˵Լƶϳܳɹ˵Լ̫߹˲ֵı֮ˡ

뵽ˣںӿʼʻƱһʻڽӽѺ֮ʱʣָĶԷǶԷѺ֮ˣǴųİ塣

ءһķâһ֮նء

Ѻ֮ʱҲ׷һ㶡ǽ䱸⴦͵Ϯ֮ʱΧһȦΧӲûϮκһն

ٻʱЩ˲ڻعСӾȻûеȵٶ֣ûеµȦ֮оʹæˣƻб䡣

˼ƷСļˣʱɸ԰γӲʱҪŵƱһ˾ںһɨҪж㡣

ʱϷ˶¡Ʊ˻һһšЩ˵ͷ˹ȥʱ˶ʱһλʦ鵶ķâͨıܹ赲ġ

ֻǡһ˵ĵͱгأʱҲԭزֱӽĿһ˵ʱ򣬴бһѪۣȻֳء

͵Ϯһ˳ɹ֮󣬴ʱʣµΧʣһ˿ѺʱΧ˵һ˾ͷ˻ӿɱˣ



ȻǴ˳鵶ʱһնһľ޴󸺵ʱ忳ʱ˫һһһ˴ǰ֮ϡȴûпʵޱȵ

ץסᣬһƣһתѸٵס˵Ĳӣһһ˵ĲӾͱԼĵ˺еǵûгΪ׸ʱ

ƳһۣӦΣգҲЩ˵ʵȻף൱֣ôɾӵо޴ơ˵ļй˿壬ӹ֮赲ߣһز֫

˱е嵽ˣǱΪôҲСӡȴԤȫͬһϮֻжķݣеıӲӣӲӵĻ³һǾ첲һǷնϡ

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ӵ΢΢һ㶣漴оһɼȱϢ͸еƿһִС׺ֱ͸࣬оھǱһ̼˽ȥֽһǱ֮֯У׵ѡ

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һû취£ֻܸϵˣ½⣬Ժ󻹻һ·ųע

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˵ķ֮ƲҪסӻӽ⵲֮ʱٴκ壬ߡֶڼҵȥžֻۣҵĸߡ

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˵ĺܿ죬ܼҲģӴ˼һЩʣ¶˵ķǿɱһˡ

֮˫ѸٽӡӡǰʽҲ趯֮䣬һС͵ĴųһɹǿϢӡǰγһڵһǿƶΧϢԽӵı䡣

Ҳܵɹ仯ҲܵṦ˲ǿ󣬵ɫһ䣬Ҫƻ˻ᵲһ

һҲĹӡɹһ壬ˣ

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׷ۼҪӣ߳ķŭ׷

ҲûϵСӾȻͷһûеȵڣҲûеȵǵľ֮оʹҴжⷴƻǵļƹΣǲòԭļƷϵ֧ԮʵֻҪأܽǵС

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ǿµȻƱٶȣЩ˼ѪƵ顣

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ǰ·пЦڼ˼ԲߣȴͻȻӣӡ

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ˣ˻ƣ˵Χ޵Ψһܹĳ·˳£򲻵ñˮɢڽ֮а취

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ۼǰѾû·ˣһҧƱܷƣԼȻؼңҸȫطһȥģ

˵ţƱĶ䣬ƨ֮ȡϵİϣһݶ˺ˮ֮УӰֻһСС˻

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˶ˣҪƨãͷѪһ䣬۰ͰͿһۣһתͷѸٷء

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ˮȽںˮ֮ҲһЩԱȥߣһֱѰŰӰ

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밲Դӽ֮Ǿ֮̽˽ĸʱˣȻʮֵġ

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ҲûжʣǱº׺ŰתתһƬĶʯ飬ͺһĵط

ʱɫԽԽ⸽֮󣬱εһ޴ʯǰҪƿһ֮Щȥ˺ڽʯƿЩλãͼʯѹһݿڡ

Űǽݿڽȥ֮ޱȵľ棬ȻһʧԾõˮ׽ֻ߹ѾˣһЩºۼɶ칤Ľ뽨켼



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϶ǿɺ׵ˮѹɣһλʦǰҲ޷ֿǹֻܱ˽ȥ

ӱץýģڱһֱһдµʱ򣬰Ǿ޴ˮѹӸоЩεĸоֻܽסǹǿԼߡ

ڣڸоǹʧʱǸеġһҶһľ޴ʯ̡ʱʯ΢΢תʯתп϶ʱ䣬͵ǱȥһҶת֮ʣȷһʯ̡ٴμٵǱʯҶ

ȴһܣˮͺԴͷһ㣬һɼΪǿڵ£ӷֻһ޴ʯתʯ̵ת٣ҪͷϵʯתҪһЩ

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һץʯ̷϶ʯڣʯת϶֮ʱѸٵ˽ȥں棬ойɼǿЩѼ£ýŶڰļϣһţȥҶת˹Ӱһա

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ƴͼƺ̵ʱƴ֮£ӻûзӦһ졣밲ʧصȥ

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ʱڽˣҲֻǿΧõˮˣӡ㰲µǸң

˵ɫЩЩˣƺѾԤϵ˰Ľ֡

˵£漴һоȻܺˡŻȻ׹ղЩתľʯ̵ãԭѹ֮£ˮųȻһΰķơ

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ʱʱŽװǸ˳壬ͼִӵöóһذס

ڰ׼һͱĶʱȻֹγԼǰѷɾذ׽еѣЩʹࡱ

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ӺεļڰУŵĹ󣬿ЩΨء

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˵ţͽǿǶʯϵһ֮ӦĿ׶֮УͼʱųһɱĿĹ⻪

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ţǶĿĹâ˸һؿ춯֮Сʯҵһǽʱ¿һʯţչǰģһĺڰͨ

ʯʮĶɣлضٵҲ˿٣ǽȥɣ˵ţһͨ

֮ͨ󣬰СӸں棬еʽһЩֵĲ֮ͨߣһ·ܹ졣

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Լʱңߵͨľͷ赲ǰģһյʯţſ֮󣬽һĿռ

һԹӽ󣬿Щֻͨǿܰ˿ˣߵĻ֪ʲôӵƣаһ򵼣ԼһĻ֪Ҫá

ֻȻʮֵĲ⣬ߵԹУŰʱʵ壬ﵽʲôط

˵ȷʵʵһŵĲҲΪһַ֮Ԩַ̳ﻹҪϽ꣡

ǧַӳԾصô˵Ĵ˵ģĴڣ

ҡͷЩͲЩ֮ĶʥԹѪȷ磬׹ۣ

ϸ룬ӺܿȻˣûĴڣЩһıǡ

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壬жػأӲųԹһڵĵطʵ

ҪµλãǱҪϷŴţţһţ˲֮ҪȥصĻ辭ʮ˵ţĲǣ

˵ĽŲͻȻӣ ҵһжҵ֮Ƿ򸾾ֶȥһЩȻջûӹΪӺǴһ𣬾ͱųصʹӱܣֱҲŷ֣ӱܸûãȻ޷ӱܣôȥԣܽΪֶҪʲô

ӵǰǲʲô㣿

ͷҪظţΪڶصһǿ֪ΪʲôӵԹŶصô

ӣ벻Ϊļűɣ

˵ûʵκʵۿеģžµĻҪ˵ⶫĴţ׻ͬԴǿʢȴѵڵĸ֧ڧĴ֧ĳŲɵ͵ìܣѳŻԾ졢ءĴţ

ڰӽЩ֮ʱʱֹ˼

ʱ嶼ʮСģ·ҲԨյֻͨʣһţͿڽ

ǰȴͣ˵ԴڷѳĴ֮ʵĴ֮һֱìܶϡԭʵڰܸŶ֪Ϊ˸Ե棬ìܼձ֮󣬾һʰ׵塣ֱӱţͼľ⴦ŶµĻ

Щڳÿ˶еһЩܣ֮ѳ֮ھһֱõЩǴδյܡδֹԹŶҪԭ򡱡

Ҳǰ˵ЩĿľӵעϸ˵Щʵʱ򣬾Լڲ֪ѾЩ󡣶һΰѤĴĹ㳡̨״

ӣǲɫЩ˵š

ǰľҲ𺶡

Ĺ㳡һЩϡеĵʯעĿľǰһ봫˵еˮǺεȵưשߣ̻ԻͣǺĶϣż׳ľ

ǰʮµǰͺʮͨǶ֪쵽ӿǺ棬ҲһƬ硣

һо£ۼľסɶ칤˵Ӿ𺶣̲סһҪĤݵĳ嶯̫ˡ

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ʱԲڵתһֹ֮ͣתڶӦλ֮ͣһ춯֮ˮһĴű㻺شˡ

һȻ뾴η飬ӵͷ󣬾Ϳ粽أׯ϶ʥĲ

ӿ粽Ǵ֮ӳһĴ ڴԱߣ﹩ĵһ㣬ֱʮӣÿ϶̾һ·ǻչǰ̬òͬ

ӲϵӣоֻҪһӣǾ˲һ㣬һֺǿѹйϢС

Ŀǰ롣һˮһ͸֡Աϵβϣֱˮǰͺػһϣʥַ

Ӻܺ棬澿ʲôǾߵǰĹۿһ£ֻǵ˫վһ̨֮Ϻ󡣰ɫһ䣬еӣ³ç



  

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ʱˮһıͻȻһ϶һĲʹųӵϡ

ʱӸоԼ֧䣬֮ҲԼʧȥϵһ溮ޱȣһޱȵȣһ񵶸һ̡

֮һɹֵĸо壬ľʶľܵһɹɾҵĳŷһļ尾ͺЩʹ

ֻʹ࣬־һֱͺܼᶨȫܹܵޱȹŷˡ

ľʶУ·ֻصǰԼʱ龰Ժ֮һЩҵ˼ǷŻõƬһļȡ˳ٻصǰ֮ǰȻٵѧٵʱٵүүһ龰

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ǰүүͻȻ֮дɱƴشүүΪʲôҪɱȻүүȴЦһȭͻؿڣоϵʹֻ֮ʹȴΪǿҡ

үүô˰ү  

мźšܵүүѰһǵĴʹ֪Ϊʲôᷢ龰Ȼүүʱһֻħһһȭܵضһ£е˳ȴһμӾ硣

飡

ʱӿүүһֻ˵ߵʱүүӰͻȻѸٵɢˡһ֮󣬾ͷԼһȭԼѾ̨֮ϵ

ѹ֮ŷ֣һоȻʶ֮еĻþϸһ룬ǻþʵ

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ȡ  ʯ

̲סѪľҷڡվһ𣬾һѪ

ʱ˵ӣą֮̊́ǿվȥŪþͻܵǿҵķɣΣյģ־ǿһ־ػҲ޷ą̊́в³ç£

Ҳһļ£˵ͷ壬̨ʲôģ

̨ʵһޱȵǶ֮ľ֮Ҳʦ֮ϱأ̨ĵط֮һ

˵еؿąֵ̊́ӣʵͿϲؾ¥֮еǸغ֮һͼͼҪǺͼмַҲǲڣűԨַ̳ľ裬ͼҪĶ

мΪ죬ԭŪŪȥʲôǣʲô֮ģʲôҪȻһͼŵļֱˡ

ӣҲǵһνʮڸ׵Ľ̻֮£ѽͼμĵףҴһβͲأҲҪμԺëУȥ֮󣬻ǽͼٵɣͼڣʼһأͿȻ汲֮¡£ԵĶԹǵ汲ǾһֱڸǡֻҪǵͿϵĶ¾ǣ

ͻȻֽھȳԼܵʱҪʱʵ塣ϷϣʲôϵΪʲôҳӡһֱҲ֪һ

Щ죬ϷϡҲ̫ǷйϵҵҲûи߹ҡȥϷַ̳ʱһλϸﲻϷһЩìܣ漴ʧһֽ˶Թλϸˣֽĸףֻ֪ô࣬ҵҲһֱûἰ飡

ô˵в²⣬Ϸ÷ϣһй뺣֮ĹϵҲʮУͷҲԵ޹ҪԼˡ֮УַĴڡ

ȡһڳ



ʱӵĸһ춯˰̸嵭һЦ˰ɣˣǸóԵ㶫ˣ

ɶˣӳԾ壬ô֪˵ģҾҲʮʱˣ

峯Ǵ󶥵ͷָָ㿴ǵָ룬ָķλϣ˵ڵʱ磬ǴǱѰڣȻپ˼ʮʱʱҲܺ㣡

ǣôʥĵطгԵĴ棿Ӳȷص

ںһĲŴߣһߵ¹ˡóԶֻʱ䳤̲ͬˣ֮ڳϲʸ벢ĵطÿαչҲҪԶģҲȡʳĳ赣Ļӣ

˵ţһţǴĲţһͥԺһĵطÿ￴˿סˣȻͶһķ

֮ӾͿһԼ׿ˮˮǻʵģȥӶࡣ

Щ龰ӵĶֽˮ׽Щ֮󣬾밲ͥԺеĳسһ١

֮밲Ĳ

ٴλص֮󣬰ƾӡ˴һ֮мңĶһЩ߹ĲáҲûʲôϡ֮

岢ûͣҪѰʲôǾȥһ֣еʩﶼ

á

ĳͱȽϷࡣӶظ֮Ž

ЩͬˣҲֻֻа˸ǵλкص㣬ҲһźҲܿ

˲֮󣬾Ͳͣ߶һЩλĲãڶ϶λ֮󣬰㽫õһĶ֮Уǲǰƽȴһʯ彫ȡǶʯĶʯųһâ֮󣬱һ񱻻򿪡

ע⵽ʯİв㣬һвзһƴ̵ڣǰЩ֣һв֮Уһ鵭ɫڣֻƲ£ǰҲ֣һЩͼͷš

彫ȡ˳˿֮󣬱㽫ǰƴ񡢱ڽӵӣص ĲҪ㽫μǡѧᣬʹҲв֡鳣֮ǼкôģҪ֪һЩûдר֮ģҲһֽ֮Ķطţ

лݶֵ֧֣ܵͦ

  ڶ 

Ķط       šʮ־档ʽδš

ӹǿڣӿ˿ϵ֣Щֺܹϡ

忴ɻ顣͵ЩֱȽϾԶûнӴΪͷһ飬Ҫμǣ

˵ţָ֣һΪͷ񣬽巭ÿһ䶼ǿġ

һʱϸΪӽϺ󣬾Ϳʼоһϵͼ֣ϸᡣ

ҲδӴҪȥѧϰ

ѧϰҪһЩĲ֪ʶȻ֮ǰҪвһתѭС

ϸᴧĦ˺ܾãܾ󷨺ŶݼеľŹһЩֻ֮ûоŹ¸ӡȴеһЩط֮ǾǾһ顣

ķʽ⣬ӵǺܿҵ˲һЩţǽݡ

СҪΪṩһĲ÷ҲȽأҪؾʯ֮ǣǰļֱȽϳ硢ˮء𡢵ЩԪؾľᵽ˰ա¡ֱȽϺԪؾʯ޾ǡ

ζĥоʣЩ֮ĻǲСѶȾͲһĴˡ

һЩݡܿеʣԭ󣬲ǷҪǵĳһԪؾʯǣЩ䵥һԪؾʯǼΪҲһҪͣǲʵģֻҪЩʯ̺֮ĳһԪؾϸߡҲǲӵģҪͻĳһּɡ

һôЩʯǾͲѰˣнֱЩʯ̺֮ԪضѵĲԷĻǱȽϸӰִ˵һЩѧķ˼⣬ⲿֵݣܿˡ

Ĳ÷벼ҪĲһݣӻܹڻͨӶֱЧض֮ⷽݾЩɬˡ˺ܳʱ䣬ҲֻǴŵһĿܡϸڵݡطȴһ֪⡣

 ʯ

Ǵ֮е⡢ƣЩ޷ֱۿĶȴܹܻᵽ

ߣЩǿﵽһʱޱǿͬʱͬʱǵ־оǿȡﵽһĸ߶ȡʱʹھܸһǿѹʵһ֮֡

˵ˡӵ⣬֮ʵǶľӶһ־

ֻӵľܹЧˣ־ĻʹУַͨʽԼ־ʱܻӦĹᷢһЩͻЧĽͻǹؼҲľˡ

֪ʱķɿ죬ڲ֮в֪˶áʱ˲֮кѵӣһˣȳЩɡ

˵ţ彫ѾŪõĳʳ˹Ҳоп飬Щؽӹ߳Աߵ֮У͸ܲʱŰ

ǲһЩϸ΢ϵˣﲻĥ㼯и߶ȾΪһ֮

ԭˡӳԶʱϸһ˼ͻȻ뵽ʲôʣ壬мУûֳɵС󰡡

ɫйŹֵؿӡѵûиܵĿǰһСǼѵûע⵽ǵĺĶúʯɵ𣿡

ôһѣӻȻһĶͷеˡ𵽵ĸĹУ֪½ҵľ־ʼձ״̬ھö֮£ҵ־רע״̬֮£ȻȻػǿԭⲢҪҺʲôӦϵϵֻҪУ˳ȻͿˡ

룬ͷ⵹Ҳҵ˵ؼã㱾ã󷨣ϵĲʵЩˡ

ӾҲǣϸĲͻȻ֮ϸͻȻʱȻעĹЧһֽӦϵķʽ໥ӦЧӵǷֿ

 

Щ֮ӴҴҳ꣬ЩȲֳɵĹЧ֪ĸ֮£ԼĿǰĹܸܲһ㡣

Դ֮󡣾һֱǱо֮ϵݣ֪֮ϼ֮аŵĻһЩڣʹ

һźԨѧƣʮֵĲһһϦĹգⷽʮ꣬һЩɾ͡

ڰԸԸѧʱӲûдӦ

ѡһ֮·ûжľȥѧϰӾӵĻ˵żʦľ磬ͬ˵УһλȽšȻĵȴǿЩǰ˵ĳɾֻܱͣĸ ֮졣

Զžżʦľ磬һʦԣ֮СҲǴˡ

ԴӽҿɴⲢʹڴˣĿҪñȵ˸ǿ󣬵ʦҲҪλʦʥ˾ʥҪΪؾ֮ʱΪĿ꣬Ŭ

Ϊ˶׷ƵԴȻϷŹôõĻᣬҪʹͻ졣

ҲһС͵󣬰ǿ俪֮ԴУܹᵽܡ

ʱУûпȥֻǷųӦ֮дһ໥Ӧʹľ߶ȵļܹĸܵԼһֻܵһЩ΢Ӱ졣

־ļС˳Ȼʶֳ֮ӡ֮ʱӱܹ־Ȼ͵ֿʼһӡȻڶ

ĵӡ֮ʱӸܵ־֮ѾһѹȸУûȥӡǷɹڷ⣬һֱе־񣬻и֮꣬С

־ж仯⶯γɡһֱʦ׶εͨãȫͶ뵽־Уͨ־ʵĸӡ֮ʱ΢

ȻȻγɵı仯ʵӲ֪ʵ֮еľڡַͨʽĽϣܹõ˴Ҳʹǵõ󻯵Ŀν˫£ϵ֪֮Σ½  ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķ

  ڶ 

ǴõַԨѵز֪ȴЩš

棬ûһҲֻǴڴ˵֮ɫʡ

ᵽ⣿ˡѾʱΪһ֤Ĵ˵

˶ֻ֪֪ͷĴֻʮΣÿΰ彫ԵĶ͵󡣾ʹҴ뿪оտĻ

һֱڲ֮УһԾõɳĮߣڳ;ͻȻһӵиȪ޵ʤ֮󣬾Ҳ뿪ˡ

ڲһֱͶһҵ״̬֮У⹦ӡǾ˻ָ

һСҪȥͶʵ

֮ޱȵСĸ֮¡ӵȫ뾫񡣾һֱͶǸ߶۵־֮ȥˣʹ֮γһּΪԼЧϡ

һ״̬һ£״̬Ѵɣڸţʱʹʹ߶ȼжһ̫׵顣ǲĸ֮£ɵؾʹˡ

Ȼ״̬µôҲǲԶġ

֮ңΪÿһζܹ͸ܵһֻĵ֮¡ӡǺ񾧹ǹĶʮֵԲʹЩӺһҲϰ磬ÿһζµı仯ÿһζн

ڲ֪˶õʱҲڴﵽ˾żʦ̿״̬Уһǿεϰ赲ǰ

һֱŬҪޱǿϰÿһγʱܵ־֮ƺȱһоǿĶɽһϰ£Ѿʧ˺üˡ

֮Ӳòʱͣ˼Ľ׶Ρ

֮Уϰû˿ԽģҲǸżʦҪͻǿϣֻпԼ

żʦ֮ϣһ ޷죬磬ɼٵ̣һϰЩĹУ־֮ϡѾЩϰˣôԭ򣬾϶й׶εһ޷֮νӡ

ֻνӣʲô

ҵԭϸζһԴ֮еĹεĶҲų˴Ĺɷ©ܶѾﵽһ֡϶״̬Ĺĵزֻһ

һоòɵģҲѹ֮´ʮȭŹô򵥡

ôһӦһ⹦ڹתḶ́Ҳ˵֫ƤĤת̣ȻҪһĴ壬ѾɱڣҪһ

һ֮Ĺһ£һ֮ĶͺˣĬĬţ뵽ʲôץסһ˿򣬲̾˿

ȥŪԵģٿĽչһ˵ɡ

ȡ  

뵽ӱ˲ȥ˺Ժĳ

˳ŵһζͼ̨ߵһʯϣмѾƶǡгƬʱˮѾˣȴӰ

ЩһֱҲæоӢ֮һֱԵĶ㡣ҲֻԳԣҪԱģͱȥҪȥǺܷʱ뾫ģ˭Ϊ˼ٳ

һֱ밲嶼Եǿ㡣ˮ㣬ٷһӷֵһȥȵĲݣϵΡôҲڡ

ӽƬµ֮ʱ˽ӣղĻжȥ̽£һҴ󴬳ǽʱڵλã

ѵЩ˻ûģȻм˵ţͻȻ壬ܵȥ̽ģôɣ

ҡͷҪٻڵλãҪʱģֻڲĽڵĶϹ۲⵽ġ

˵Ӿͺ壬Ϊʲôнءǽʲô

ҲδǽأҲ˵ʲôȹһҽϵͼҪоͨ͸ˣȥ̽һǣǽصĻȴĻҪұ˼ְյȥһΣ޷ų鷳ˣ

˵ĹѾˡʯϣ˾ͶڳԹ֮Ӿͼ彫˳ȥһηŽˮʣ壬㽫ӽˮʲô

ӡˮﻹлѡҲὫǳԵӵ𴦣ʱһûζ

⵹Ҳǣӵͷ㳤Ҳ֪᲻оֻ˵Ժ֮һЩʲôʱһͻȻһĶͷҰһöˣ

ʲô忴ӵӲص

ӵҳʱһֱϰǿĸضȻܹǵת˳ͻƱϽ죡

˵ţӴҴҵرٴλص˲֮УԼڲеǸ򿪣ƿǿ˳

  

ڣ˺ܾöûзõĹЧҪʱˣ

ɷ˵Ӷһ֮󡣱㽫ƿȡ˳£ʱоһʼĴ䡣

ĹЧȻЩͨľ޵ɱȵģؾѪľγɣת仯֮󣬾͸оһӿȵеĵ㣬ǻɽһ㣬Ĵڡ

ӴʱС߶ȵļУûЩȳɵʹһֱרע赼ת֮֮ĳƶ֮£Ľ֮УȻٴǹ֮սʽļһֱõı仯Ľ֮пʼǵǿЧ

һֱڶĸתȻ磬ٵ֮֫УȻⷢʹ֮һϵҲΪ֮һ

ʱȫڽ֮֮ϣӸоڴʱÿһ仯ʱͻ˺ѵ죬졣

⶯ϳ谭ǰϣĹǹĴ̼֮£Ҳڿʼͣزȫǡ졣һӾֻ֪֪ĸ߶Ĺע֮£ǲϰرñ

䣡

ڣھ֪೤ʱļ֡ڳǲǰı֮ͻȻоȫһɾҵĲȫڴ˿Ҳ·ﵽһֱļ£ھҵĲ֮ʣһɹʮϡٵĹʣë͸ĺˮų⡣

ˣʦ ޷졣ڵһЩѺϵķ϶һ̵õ󻯵ѹ֮£ޱܵؽ֪Σ½ ̹ȶ ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧

  ڶ߰ 

ǵľﵽ岷ֵĵزһıȷе˵Ǻ϶ʦﵽռĿꡣ

һ̡ϵ˴ӡ϶ľ磬ɵܹ϶ʦԲ硣

ǣⲢǮѾʦľ磡

⻹ȱһ̣

Ӵʱ̵УûΪȫĹҲĿжΪڱڽ⿪ĴڵǹȻϴˢڵĽǣͺڽһһĹˡ

ڹ֮ӻʣǹڽܷһޱҪĲ裬Ǿǻǡ

ڻǣһ˵ˣǳ˵̥ǵıƣ˵ĿǰѾȫͷȫż˳ȥĹͷѾﵽһ϶ĵزôҪ֮֮ϢǹתΪһֺʵһζȫĹýһϴֻо̣ϵĻǡ

ʵ˵ʦҪǵʹ̣ȴͬںǵʣҪ֮·ϼ˳ȥôڽУǼΪҪġ

ǣҲ൱ڻʣҲ

ΪǾĹУѾϴ裬ϴ裬ʹӵʵõεĸǿǼΪҪġ

ϴڶϴ֮󣬾д֮ǰϴ裬ҪӴ޵֮ʱȴһΪش⣬ǾÿӴ޵֮ʱͷһĪųⷴӦ

ʹĴ֮£ڴҵԭ򡣾ĿǰԼںǵʡǾͨƤЩλѨ֮ʱ˵⣬巴ųⷴӦ

ڿǵ֮ǰӻɽ֮Ͻؤָ֮ʱؤ˵ںǵ޷һΪʥȱ֮ʱо˸ı˵ƻǾǾϴ裬ʦ֮ʱǿӶϵĻǡ

ȻǵȴΪʹࡣ

ʱڵȫǵһޣʱѾһּ޵ķʽת֮һһεسˢȫĹ⣬־ͺڹйһϴӷʽһ㲻־Ϊǿˣܲס

ĸ£ӵ־ʹϴҲ׳š

ǵĹ̳ʱܳ

ӶѾľˣ֪ʹѾǺˣһֱĹЧ׵ɢڵ֮ģӸоǹͷȫóϴӹйǧȻ֮Ϣ˺ܾúܾãʹĹͷľ纮һ㣬һǺ֮Ϣ



ԼڹʱңӸоԼľѾһּ£Ҫʹȥʱ

ڴʱ·Ƿ̩һ㣬ǹľʹѾʼɢ֮ʱһɵůʼȫ翪ͺǱĴӭ˺աůʡ

֪ǵʹḶ́ڳɹˡ

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ӸܵѭϢอʱอ֮дһůˬĸоʱйͷһķΣеһˬë׶ҪſҪƴĺ

һɲǼоӷ·Ҫ֮⡣һʱԡ

֮ľƮ״̬ҲǼĹҲܿع

죬ͻʦľˣ

֪εʹĻǣѾĿ쾳硣

в£ʱӸоȫʦӵеһĸо

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ڵ֮˻֮󣬱ǵڵõĻʹ̺֮֮ľҲ֮Ϣøӵľһһľϲǣ֮йӦ֮ٶȣƺһҲһ

ǸʣͨǾɺľ޴ô

֪Ҳֻڽϴ裬ͻ֮ʱֻһִʵںϣҪĻΪ֮һֱҪɵռĿʣôͱǾ֮磬ɵĴϵϴ裬̥ǵĴת֮ôʣܹȫתǿʡ

ǸĿһӳģ

վۼԼϵѾʪ͸ˣһһɳζʱоҲЩƣ֪һ˶ã£ľһֱǸ߶ȵļе״̬һĹɣƣ̬бҪϴһϴٺú˯һ뾫״̬ڵ״̬

Ӳʱʱ˲֮УӣЦһʲô״ûá¿ԷˣСʮ춼񲻰ֲҴͻˣ

ǵģͰˡһʮһֱڸǰԼʲô⣬һů磬㳯Ͷһ΢Ц

࣡

ʱӵĶǸʱһҵ춯漴һƨɫ΢΢һ䣬ŶӵôôûԶڻӵĸо˵ţ㼱ȥ

״ȴҡͷЦСӣ쾳磬һδԶûκεĹǺǣСӵĽͿˣҲˡһȥŪԵİɣҲų˲

ڴۣһĹԵѣڵ˯һϵζǿ

ͥԺˮ֮󣬽ϵ·ȫ˾ͳƨˮΣһϴ

ϴʱңϵζϴ֮漴ֽ·Ҳӽˮ֮дϴһֱӵţʵ̲ס룬͹ƨɻصͥԺ֮У׼ú˯һ˵

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ߵͥԺʱ򣬰ͻȻ˳ӹŸƨɣ㲻ɳϵĳλСһ˼ۣЦСӡǮСȵɣ΢һ˯Щ

ӱĿò˼εסСܵܣ͸Ž˳վڳһȻЩδҲҶȣʵĲˣǾܵԷеͷ˯

һ˯ĺ죬˯֮Уȴ뵽֮Ǹأܾж

ȣлƼߣУλֵܴ֧֣֪Σ½ ֺ½ڸࡣ֧ߣ֧Ķ

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ʱ֣ȻԵЩȡϣӶҲԵôʫ黭⡣

һںϵĴ֮ϡһһԴļ񵭡ţȻùֻϵ˻ǿƵƵעĿ

ڽһЩĹֻϵǻῴҴ󴬵Ĵͷһλ£ɴƮλƮŮӣһ˫ܷܷ֬ڸ٣ӣɴ˶

·һЩξſǣ񣬲ɵóˡ

Ȼһԭ򣬾λŮ󣬻һλȹƻͷɴĺŮӣһ˫°ͣźˮڷ˵ĸо˳

ѽˣˣˡǾ

ʱ񻨶ͻȻվķҵڴⲽеѣﶼ˿ˣˣǵҪȵʲôʱѽ

û˻ش񻨶⣬Ϊ仰Ѿ߶˲һٱˡ

ѩʱֹͣǸ׼ģľ˸꣬ȥǸɿɹ Ƣƣڴϴ˰£ʶйͬԣ

࣬ʲôƢƣҲûôţֱǸ¶ŮߵﶼһΧţЩӬҾͶģ뿪ء

˵ţ񻨶䳯Աʻϵһλݺݵصʲôˣתȥ

Ǵϵ񻨶ôסοЦת񻨶ֵûһöǸɶؼһ

ˣѾ˲°ٱˣʱӲ˳񻨶Ҫɧ䣬ͷʱտ׼պǺӻڴˣ

񻨶Ҫ䣬⻰˶䡣

  

ӵʱϴ㣬ӦôˣһյƫļȺǣǶϪ³ǰﶼͲס֮ˣڴ˵˰¾뿪ȥݣáҪˣ

ͷм׼˵ģ붬ʱ⺢ٲ֣Ǿ͵޹ˡЩֵ

ѣ˵Ǹһﵽ׶㵽ȥˣǰһ󴬷ںز˰£Ǽһ᲻ˮ˰ɣ񻨶

᳽ʱһ̲ˮ˳ÿ˷һ񻨶ĻЩǱصĹٸ˴ģĲ̣ûнǵײ̽ʱֺн棬ô˵˵Ͷںף

˵ˮﶼʲôⶼˣҲˡ񻨶

᳽ЦҲٸ񻨶˵ֻ˲ң񻨶һö˶ŵˣҶ˵仰

˵ţ񻨶ȥɧѩȥˣѩĻ٣ֻһ仰Ͱ񻨶䶥˻ȥû˸죬񻨶޴ֻҧгݣｫǧ飬

Ƭصĳˮǧ꣬أҲ类ʷ⣬Ȼκαʷջбҿʱ̡

죬״̬õ㡣Ͱڲ׼죬ڰ彫ΧЩϸһ֮󣬶˱ʽʼ̽ص;

Ҫȥأ簲˵Ҫʮ˵ŵĸѶȻ󡣻ţȵѶҪۡ

ӲضĺųȥһֵĽһˬƨӡĢȶϻ˵ĸоܹ졣

ö˴ޱȵǣ彫õǴĢʯŵĶ֮кžȻûһ㷴Ӧ

ſʼ˽֮ãһžͱסˣ

ô£ǲҪأһЩĶӲֻ̫Ľṹʰ塣

ü˼ҲЩɻŦԿףӦöеĻͨõġôˡ

ӿڳ˼룬ԼҲпյ˵᲻񡢵е̫ˣҪɶ һһòͬ񻹲Ǵеĳ䣿

ôһ˵ʱͻȻǰһ˵ĲҵһҪ£ߣȥң

˵ţִҴȥƣǶôˣȻһҡǱȥ

ҵĻмǸڵ·ͺ˳شҵĻ

Ǳϣ

̨һ춯ƿһλ֮ӾͼһݵڣֻǵǶ˲µʱą̊́ʱͻȻѸٵغϡ

һƬڣӵӰ죬ԿñȽŽµһ̨֮͵˾ͷҲûͨʯš

һʮĿռ䡣밲վ٣Եеӵ

ռʯһӣһܲǵĽ䣬º󣬱Ҫȥذףǽ·Сһ£漴ǣһǽеһһֵӾ˳

ӷ֣һԷöĶףصĹȻ

Ρ

彫붴к漴һתһ֮Ӳŵһǽʱͳһֻһ˽϶졣

Ƿ϶ͨӸоǰһƬȻʣҵȽϴһЩǾ׼Ĵתת

ֻǲûжԶͻȻ飬һӸоӺʲôײˣЩƨɵأ갲󣬱ӣҲ㿴Щǻþ

˵ţߵһ䡣һ֮󣬽һӰȥȻһƣʱмͻȻһЩٿǰŷһɫʮ峺ڣһ⻬ֲܸ˴

˻֮ҵʵʿռԾС࣬ÿһ澵һǽǹͺͺʲôûУڰٴδ˻֮漴ҵĵһ΢΢ͼһʯͻȻ



ת֮ӲſЩʯܣÿһŶлžСһӣʮ֮ࡣ

ңŻδǰͳǺŷֵģ淢һЩǣҩһЩصĻȵ伮Ȼ࣬ɶͿصǣ߳ң

˵ţʹ˵һӳ룬տҲʲôûУǱδ򿪵ڶ룬滹ǿյġ

һֱ߰˸롣ǰǿյģо;ˣɵ壬еĶòᶼֵ˴˰ɣ

Ҳпܣ˵š򿪵ʮ룬εзֻ֡һò֪ϵƤľᣬԵúܹŹ֪֡Σ½  ½ڸࡣ֧

  ڶ ̽

彫Ǿ˳˿Ҳʲôûû֮ļأһƤѣƺûʲôϡ֮

ҲȽϺ棬˹һᣬҲ˵⵽ʲôƤһƤԣŵӱţپһɹζ˱Ƕܴ̱ţƺûʲôֲ֮ûᱻʽ

ʱִ򿪽ļ룬滹ǿյģһֱʣһʱ̾˿ûжĻôͼпܶڱԨַһҲҵڱԨַ֮ҵһ룬ִһϲǷ򸾱һ뱣ܣ

ӾҲԣôҪĶˣôҲʲôҪĶ£еǸ־ᣬȱҲһоʼûоʲôԾ͵ˡ

һ룬㻹Ǵ򿪿ɣʲôûУôǲȥǲҲգ˵

ͷ󣬾ַһ

֮󣬶˳濴һۣȴ󺹣ойɱŪȴЦõĸо

һжȴһСһֻаָСһСЩ֮⣬һСһĶֲҲᱻûдߡ

εؽС˳ϸһҡͷⶫͨͭģûҲûʲô֮˺ÿһ⣬˸оͺ·̯Сģ

ӿСС硣ͦϲȴǵȻûãǸҵɣôҲһβҲһƷɣ

彫Сݵк󣬲תһȦҲûķ֣ЩСƣصĻ򲻿Ļô϶жûУǱȥɣ

ȥӰСЩؿŰ壺ǲоһǸᣬ˵

ҡҡͷСӿ֪ܲ˿ˣٲȥҵֶ

ɶһˣ

Ϊأû˵ţӵʱͻȻɫһƺţʹ۾ӣõСǻᶯ

΢΢һ㶣漴ѹ㽫аСУ˿Сûʲô仯ǵܿ˰ɡǰͭǮָ棬ֲͭǮҲᶯֻһּƶַˣ㿴Сָ䷭ҵһСϰ߰ˣ

ӸһʾͼСӵָ䲻ͣط˿ԭˣһΪСԼڶأţǲԣ

ʱȴһҡͷ˵ԣҸղСڼ䵽ϵʱԼеģָ䷭Ķȫͬ

ʱı鲻ǿЦҲСзĴôҲͨСװƷѣӦҲӦκεĲ仯Ϊʲô˵ᶯ

壬˵С᲻ͨԿװӿʲôȣҲùŹ֣ͻȻôһʵ

ˣҲͻȻ۾һӣǾСϣȥԣ治еĻǱȥɣ

ðɣ

ӵͷƤҲ֮󣬾밲ȥĢն͵ĽʯŸǰֱӽСŽʯŵĶ֮С

Ȼûз

һĻЩʧȻǳȥɣ

岻ȴһֱʯϵĶڳ˼ʱ򣬰ͻȻţԿ˵ţЯ񲽷ŽǶҲСͳп϶ǧִʡСŵǷ϶С

ǣ

ʱʯ˷Ӧһ춯֮ǵʯűһ֮л

죬һŹ֡ȻУ

ʯźһɺ̲סƺһͨĵĽݡ

ӺͰǽȥʱʯ֮϶Ѿһֵ̦滹űм̦ϽһֹʵȴԵúܿɰˣо޺ӡ

ȴѵӣͨص·ϣκζǧҪ³çȥʹջٴҲҪصʮ˵УŻ˵ǼΣյģֻҪұǣ

Ӧһͷ͸Ű峯ǺڰĽСȥ

ͷⲿֵͨȽߣڷ֮ΪûʲôΣԣ˵ĽлһЩ

˼ţһ֮󣬽ĻԵѶĴˣȻ˵ǰߵЩŵеĻ󣬵ʵǻвٵΣգǲСĴΣջػµĹʯǾУ̵ȵЩΣջ󸽴˺

ڰЩвĻƽһЩ밲徭Щܺܿͨ

һЩҲ򿪻ʯţǴʯŵһЩǶ׶ʮѰʱҪڿռ䣬ʱȶ෽λĽϣ˳ҵЩ򿪻ķ

ھšӵصŽŵʱ򣬻̲סзһ̾˵ǻۣȻǲó֮صЩֱݡ

ţľˣӺͰͣʱܳҲһ죬Ҳ졣Ƕ֪˼졣

ǰһƬ֮أ֮ͨУﱻյͨ죬ߵȥԻᱻˣһֱ벻ף𵽵Ǵģǵص׵ĵػĻȷʵ̬ˡ

һػ谭ȥ·ͨʹڤ˼˺þáûҵȷƽⷽ

ӲЩҲǸżһֱûн취ֻõ壬ҪҽȥڱԵһ¿ܲѸͨҿû޽֣Ҳûҵȷ

ҲЩ޲ߣͷڱһ£ΣգϷأðգȫһǣ

ţӵͷ󣬾ų֮ס壬ҽһͨһѸٲȵһʯյͨʯӴèһ˼ʯ֮󡣵Խǰ͸оԽǹޱȵѹ֮ʱҲľҡ

ʱƺʲôʱǰһеӣרЩɫЩһʯȥ

ţɨһۣͼʯϹȻЩɫϵǾͲȻټҵһȥ

һֱʱҲеĶߣֻҪЩʯ֮Ҫͨʱȵѹ֮࣬Ҳ

漴еӣǰЩɫһʯ壬һһķʽǰУǰʯ壬õȥ

Ľƺƽ֮ǾͰָǰƽֱͨľͷʱȻ˰˵Ǹʯ壬ǾصĲȥ

ϣ

Ǹʯ屻ӲȵȥʱʱһңͨҲһǻر֮ʱ㿪ʼ½ɫһƬɵؾֱͨƬ֮ء

ȱ

лңɵ˰Сλֵ֧֣



 ڶһ þ֮

밲徭ʮţǵĺ 硢桢յȳȻ󣬶˻˴ʱ䣬оյذȻͨԽԽˡ

ԽӽǲأԽһϢѹ

ӸоǺѾ˵صףڳһ֮ǰͳֳһƬĻ档

Ļʮֵİһ¿նͦΧɫị̄ҶĴ󣬻žݵֲԱһ֪ͨηĺ

Ĵ۲£ûٷֻ֮Ĳã˵ӦþǲˣΧҲûлĲã￴Ҳ˹ģ

ע⵽밲վλãһʯ̨ʱʯ̨йĹ˸վ棬Ϣѹ



粽߳ʯ̨ʱ򡣶ʱ͸оһǿѹ·Ҫ強һʼЩѣȲ˻ʯ̨ʱǹǿѹżࡣ

ְ֮еʲôôǿѹ޷ѹĻ粽У˻ȥµ˵

Աߵİûд𻰣Թ˵ţųӦǹǿѹӴӦ¡

ֻǲһӴӵ˻ǿ־־ԣ

壡

Ҫʵʲôһֱ˵ӱתͷͼȻͻȻػ˹ȥɫһ䣬

̽̽ĺҲֻǻ˹ȥ΢΢벻װΪʲôȻԹȥѵΪǹɺǿѹԵʣ

óˮιһڹ󡣰ܿתѣӵӣйɺǿ־ûмǴӦŴ˵֮е֮ߴģ

˵ʲô͵Ӳص

͵ҲƱǴ˵еʥ֮һޱµ֣֮һ伮Щֵд˵ڼǧǰĴ޵һЩʣǶϰߵͼڣΪȨʵںܾǰǶȷʵķԴ۾ӵأĽ֮е֮ߣҲֽҶΨһдڵѨҲܵıǲŴ񡣷ǧǰͱ̰֮ɱˣ

ⷬʣҲƺеΪʲôв֮أһǣ߷ôҲܲסǷ̰ǧڣջǻ

ĴڣȴǺܺõı⴦Щƽѡ

ﻹǷлǳɻ󣬼ȻŸһصˣȻҲж߳˺档

ǰУҲһͼڵ壬ֻЩ񻰴˵鹹ĶѣȻߣôһ֤硣ڵġ

дʱһǿ־ͷţҧҧܹסѹ̽ȴУÿ߼ھҴϢоʱпҪϢһ    ܾãǿ־ƺʲôųġôʱ䡣ܵмͣʱ򣬿ɰǰ˰죬ǹ־ʼղ䡣ͺһֱһ

СϪߣһʯͷϴϢ˼ڣȴǶͷֱðɫЩ԰ףԽ߸ѹԽǿʲôǿĴʩѹĻҲһӽߣͱˡ

壬ûвû󡭾ɣôǿѹйķʽܱһϣĴ쿴ʰ塣

ɢֻͨĳЩӵǿ־꣬һֶصķʽŴ֮ôпγһֱϵѹҲ²⣬ӦòΪõģôпȻγɵģ

Ȼγɣ૵˵һȻҲֹɣп񾡵ʱ򣬾һ־Ҳܱǧ겻ţӦйɿѰ

ƺ뵽ʲôӣǸóǿѹ֮£ûʲô仯ˮ𲻽ĶһЩڲͬĵط

üǸƤ󡣾ͼǸƤѾɫһͺȥƬ֮󣬱Ƥ֮µƬĺۼ

Щİûйߣӿֳ֮Ƥʲôر𣬶ȴͻȻеһƤˡ첨𣡡

ʲô첨𣿡ӼӣصѲ⻹һŹؼ

ԣǣŵز֮мأŵһŵʱʱڵһλóϷͻʱλóŵǰһˣˣŭ֮½λóϴˣȻڣλóµһƬƤãһŹ첨ģǰͽƤһλϡλó֮ͻ֮

ӵȻƤڲҵУ˵λӦŵһλ֮ˣҲֻôһƤǸС£

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ǣٵʲôϵֱָĵ

дŵĹâ˵ĵطûлĲãô˵һþǸܵǹǿѹһɶֻͨþɢγЧ

þںӵɴ۾ŵصƳ

ɶƵʡǹѹ֮ƱֹֻͣҪѹֹͣұа취ҵƳþۺڣ

˵ţתӣ쾳ˣҪˣ

ңӵѵҪ첨ɶɶиţ

ܴˣ

ͷһĹζͨԼϢؼתһһֹͨ⹲ݣܴﵽԤڵЧܴĦеУ첨ѧϰӦò̫ѣҪʦӵеϢϢԽǿ첨Խ󣡡

ǣƤûκεֽ˵ѧģε

Ƥң

ҪƤ֮󡣱ӿ첽ʼǽǸʯ̨ȥ͵λϼȻڲƤȻģƤûκϢǾǱСˣ

壬ѵҪزƽ⣿Ӹڰ

ȴҡͷ˽λΪƢԵˣԶƽⲻƤϵܣȴ

ӺΪΣ

Ϊλϣҵȣһﾪˣ֪Σ½   ½ڸ֧࣬ߡ֧Ķ

 ڶ˶ 첨

أ

֮УʱһŹֵһǺһʣһǹС֮߰ĵռвϵػصš

ڸоɤӶˣѾðˣЩġ

ԴӰһ˭벻ķ⿪ƤϵС֮ΪƽеĻþӲòƤϵ첨Ĺ    ֮ԷЩ߰ĵѰһϢ֮֮е֮һֹƵʣһҪҪЧ

ò˵첨Ĺȷʵһźܸɶ͵ĹŹʵܼ򵥣ûеôѣӺ׾ˡ

ŹҲ˶ܹѧϰյģΪؼϢ֮һֹƵʵļ޽תһֺ΢ĸӦһҪǻۣҶɵˣҵеţһɵʹٴҲŹ

ǰعʲô֮ҲǴʦˣĳ뻯ⷽȻҲļ⡣

첨ʱϢķƤϵĽ⣬ֻ˼ʱĹܹˣѰɶתڣȴʱ䡣

֮ԻᷢЩ߰ѾЩɷ˲䣬ҵһγɹƵʼ޽ӵķʽ

ʱǰڷżСʯӡÿһ֮ʱСʯӶһ΢ĲǰƤϵĹĽͣҲֻŹźֵܳЧһ㣬ͱһľ֮⣬һɶܹ֮Сʯƶһʯѡ

̵У첨Ҫ˲䱬˵Ҫڼһ֮¡Ϣ˲Ϣ䴫ɹ񡣴Ӷһγһɱ



Ѿӽ͵ĺˣ֮еĻþҪƳһ̽ذصĻַֻͨʽ

ȻҪЩЩаܹڶʱ첨Ϊ߰ĺ֮УҵķͬʱҲԼյһЩ֪ʶͼҵֹľڡ



ʱӷһк֮󣬴ʱ֮о֮Χһ΢Ĳ

ֱ۵ľǰڷһЩǼʯӣʱȻ͹䵽˵ϡ

ɹˣ

״ϲͬʱʱ֮Ҳ𾪣̾СӣȻܹ˼̵ʱھŹ˵ţһ㶼ΪҲӵҸͿˣ



Ӳ֪ʱе뷨ֻڸղŷһɲ Ժ֮ͻȻһЩµĶץס˿ٴϢҼ֮ĴЧӦһӺ첨𣬣

ӷ֮󣬴ʱ֮һҵĲڲӽһЩЩСʯƺ޷Ǽ޽֮Ʈ츴ӵǳ֮˲ڱ֮󣬿ʼѵ

ʱĿ֮Уһ˺Ѱı֮ϵشһƺ֮еǹɻþѹڽ



ڣһ·ضɽҡһľΧĿҲ޵ɶ˱һ㣬þ֮еֲﱻ٣м裬ڷĹСƺɶĹ켣˲ͱһŷĩ

һΣǿס˶İˣĿɿڴؼ֤һ

ΪչǰĻþȻûоĸӵ

ǿƳˡʱҲܲǹǽ ;ݡѹ֣þ֮бݻٵЩֲڻþƺЩֲȫʧˡ

ʵĲصľֳʱ򣬿ǰľ£뵽ѩ֮еǹɲº

ΧɺˮݵġżһЩֲҲǹ˪֮һĹʱԵض졣

þȻˣ

Ӵʱ˹ղ˿˺üĺҲڻعǰһĻҲЩ˼顣

ûǹѹɫһɼܡͳһط񱼶ȥ

ӻΪ巢ʲô£Ҳȥ

һɺҵ̶ɵһĸڣܵ˵ʱܸоһĻͼǻڵС

ʱһùǼܵһߣϻһǱ۹󣬾ɵɫ磬ԱǸ̨ϣʱһǺһĶڷ󵭵âܱϣڷżͬâʯѾƻˡ

һĻӾеԭȻǸܹʹ𵴾ò˥ĺ÷ãй˵ĸӣλôǰǸôΪʲôһֱҹ¼ŵȥ

ʱɫҲʮֵļøǰͨһصعȥ˾Ÿͷ֮ݵصڣТﰲҵʬǣԭݼ

˼ѵ壬ڰȰλǰɡ

عͷ㽫ñ𣬵ʱͻȻɢ鿪ܿ컯ΪһѹǷۣǶѹǷ֮УһɫƬ⣬ʮעĿ֮£һδ绯İҲ¶˳

˼ЩǷȫռ󣬱㽫ǿƬͼƬ֮һЩ ۱ȽǳϸС֣忴֮󡣽ȭͷߴŵĸȻڼԭ򣬾Ȼλгϣɶ

ӿ֡壬λǰΪʲôûн

ƽϢ֮˵Ϊڼ飬Щ˽󣬻ͼıأ֣˽غȻ˲ڣȻĸĻ˽֮ЩĲãȻһ·βڴ˵أһսˣҲԷˡڴ˵زЩþƲþ֮Уͬھģ

Ǹδ绯İӵ壬λǰһֱŸذʲôҪ֮    ͷǾͽǰ򿪺󣬾ͼһЩĶ඼Сӵ֮ĶлһСżǶڲзֵǸȻһģһ

ЩߣӲ뵽˰ǰҲнĻŸֶСˣλǰڴʱȴʼշŲԾͽЩߣ

Щߵ£һƤдţó˿ȴð棬˵ԭѾıͬھĴ㡣ǾǰһЩҪ֮ǣϣԺͨµĶҵʬǣֻû뵽ȴ꣡

紫һ£æͷˣϻŷ֣ǷżˣжʱڼˣԤףλֵܽùÿģ

 ڶ ֮

澮Ķ۽ӷ磬ǵµϢȻûʲôֵȴʮ־м塣

彫Щ͹ǻҶռðҲʱ䣬Ӽ߶ȥ

յּΪ֮ߣΪܹһЧıʹ׵ľ硣

֮лûѾκεˣֻϣܿһЩĺۼѾˡ

ڽصĺĸãĻʮֵı䣬¶ʮңΪ֮Զ¶ȣȫܹӦ

ȴˣΪ͡⸽ʱѾڴȻڼ֣ӿǲ԰׵ǾͰǼȡ˳ϡ

ֻûϵǣ类֮ƺЧȻЧһ㶼оˣ

˵˿Ƕһ޴ĶǰͼⶴſѾ˻ʯãߵ

ӲָͷԵĽСһߣñ˲䵹أһص顣

ӵıȻֱֱţһ߸ߴһЩñķʽ߳һм˻˿ڵͽ๼

ע⵽ǸСõصʱŹǼܷɢʱ򣬵ϻһӨƿǱ    ƿһ֣ͣһɺҡҡ滹л춯װӦһЩ裬Ǿʹ򿪸ӡһĿ

ֻǵӵɫ͹ŹֵеҪܣԾһʯһܸܵĵƺ޵ǵ֮Ķ

תͷСһۣӣʯ֮ǵǣþĻЧͨʯŽðɣ

ǵʲôӣӽʯ֮װƿʵ

Ȼûм֪ģһָߵھ˾νʵʽ󣬶γɵһַʵʣ޵ľǺȡðʧǵǱųǲʱջأǵǻʧߣǶܻģ

ӵͷ˾飬ϸµڲؾ¥кͿ෢ƿʱʱƿ֮дһɺǿ־밲˵һԱȣҲԵصĶ˸һ˽⡣

ſڵöһʯƿ£Ӳûٷ˼䣬׼֮̽Ħһ

˼վſڡŰûг׷ֹǾо૵ֹ֧ʵʮּӲҲûʯŹ״̬⵹ˣͲ֪ǰ֧Щʲô

ҲǼһͲסǹҲ˵ֹûʯ˻ðһŹֵͷ漴һ󡣽ͷ󣬲ۼ⡣漴ڶߵһ䴦һӡ

ʱҲǸӡҲ˹ӡӡĺ񲢲ǿȥģӦҪȫʲôԾһӡҪ֪ʯڵļӲ̶ȣʵǿߣ޷ôһӡģ

ӴյúܽĹ۲Ǹӡӡ»ǶһϸϸĶǾͽ˽ȥЩܷһŽȡ˳ͼһϸСɫƬɻѵۣ

˹ȥϸ۲һֽǿ˳Ա£ȷʵۡϸСĳ̶ȣӦβۣ

˰ȷϣǳһѵһ￴ûԾҪֻɱֻһƴβӡֻôһƬ

ܣͷϾǶޣҲʥޣܻɱȡǵĻһ˵ջ󣬿ѪǡЩҲڼףĺòϡ̰֮ôŹնĻᣡ

ļһҲɱֱӺ޺޵һ䡣

жʼնһĪĸ飬ǰ̰֮ɱٶһɷߺ֮Ȼ

ĴڣʵΪ˱⴦ܹ֮¾ΪֹҿɱҲջǻûĺۼǻǽȥɣ

ҲͬУһֱδӦϢǱһߡ

ŽߣپһɺϮ

һȻĶѨʮֵİ䡣ͬʱҲһϢţҽµ᫲ƽʯͷܹ⻬͸Ǻ

û߼͸оһֻźʲôһĶסˡ˦һ£û˦ɵȥ鿴ͼһʵţסĽţֲû˦ǾһȦĽŲӣͷǰĴʯѹţֻ¶ôֽȦſܽ˳

ʱ˽ŴóףȴͻȻʧӦޣô

ޣӽ˳󣬵˵һ

ǰȷʵӦǱѹʯ£ӣҽʯƿ˵ţǴʯԱߣӶ˺˺ܴŽǿʯƿ˰أͼǾʯ¹ȻѹŶ

ֻǾʯŲȣӳסʱѸٵؽѹŵĶ˳֮һɣ¡һǾʯԭλá

彫ǾʯѹŵĶ˳Ǹ⣬һǰ彫򿪺󣬾ͼЩѹ˵ĻױСһЩΣһЩɫ״ʮƯľʯһŮӵ磬һƬֵɫƬ

彫Щϸ˿ƵƵҡͷ̾ЩǣԼλɣЧӦǴӲ֮зʹߵһֶҲŮӵʹ͹һΣ伮֮мЩζǳԲңſڵõУһŮˣ˭Щ

⻰Ӳ뵽ǸνСãǲһŮ˵ġ

ʱֱǿƬ˿˵صһ׽衷ĹҪԱΪƮݣȻŮϰһ׹˾͸ȷſڵһŮˣ֮Ůֻһλ    ˵ɫӵؿһֵۣλŮӣһɽҶ

Ӳ죬ɽҶŮϵĵӵĻôͿΪűǼ˵һɽҶ֪ͽܣڸǰǰǼߣʮղｫɽϽһ֧ͿػӦþΪɽϴѵŷµ𡣣֪Σ½   ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķ

 ڶ ʬ

νݣڴ˵ʼŲصɴԳҿʱŷ֣ҲһͨĶѨˡ

밲Ӷ̽ѨҲ˲һʱĹԽ룬Խ䣬Ҳ֪߶Ѩͨηƺûоͷһ

̽˺ʼնûоӦϢڡһĶѨ

˵Ѩ֮еľµǺܲһ·֮ӼʶδȻ;ۡ

Ѩ֮ڵĶһˮһڶѨ֮ϵһʣǶΪ

ִ˵һЩѧ˼ʶⶫĳɷݣϾӡУʼ鹹ģʹ磬ȻĴڣߣȴδʶ

Ҳ֪̽˶ã밲һİͨǰʱȻʣһѨǰ֧űڶľ֮ĥۣӦʱĥģԵúۡ

ӦþˣĴתתÿѨ˿һ˵ţһһѨͨȥ

ӷ֣֮СЩطһЩɫƬëʵӣӦþˡ

ӣ

ʱͻȻһɫһѰŰȥͨ˽ȥ

ͨԼнʮ׳һ·ܵͷͼվڶſڣһĵɫǺ¡ͽǶѨ֮УǰľºҲɵ˿

Ѩ֮Уһ޴ǼܣϵƬȫѾ䡣ƤҲڹǼ֮ϣֻͷǻ֮ǰģԵñȽϹ족    

֮ʱԺ֮еһ¶Աȡ߻Щ֮ͬӡ֮еӦǱˡǰʬҲǡ룬ͷͷһţ岢ͣ߻ԼߴҳĹβȽϸһЩ̶ֻѾܴˡ

˿ƽֻ֮̾һˣֻȽϳһЩ㿴ߴ磬˵νֻǲ֪Ϊλϧ

᲻ǱɱģҲľÿϧһֶ飬Ȼ֪пܻе֮ģҲûгʬ뷨

ҡͷεбɱĿô㿴䣬ƤǵȻȫǱɱǡƤ۵Щ£ô˵ֻر֮󣬴ӱ𴦽ģϾֻ߲нصһڣ

壬˵ҪѰֻǸڳȥֱܲ뿪أҪԭ·ءٴ׳ȥͻȻʵ

ӦпܰɡϾûһ˹ĺۼҼʹ˹Ҳ׿ߵĲǣʱ뻹лŵûˣ

ӽ뵽Ѩ֮Ĵ۲£ͷбǵλһ֪ͨĶڣҪȥ֮ʱͻȻֽеӣ쿴

ͣתѨĽ䴦ƺʲô˹ȥͼżֵۣǣһֳɫģƺǰʬϵɫƬ

ôгƬһﾪ˵һǲֳɫƬġ˵ֻгŻƬ

˵ԽԽˣڶЩֵѾˡҲܹˣҲȥΪʲôֳƬѰŸղδǳ뷨ڵǸڴγ ܼǰһݣ漴ݺݲǶڵһʯһ˱ϵǸڡ

ӣʲôϵϵǴڣʵ

ǶѨп˿İ壬ѾˣҲʬ߶ڷЩ֣ǲǿǳȥˣٴҲûʲô壡

ֻȥʲô

뿴ѰѨûԳȥ·ԭ·ء̫˷ʱ;ˣҲ̫ٵ˵еأҲֱӳȥأ˵

룬ҲԡѰ￴ܲܳȥȥԭ·Ҳɣ˵ţվӽǾ˹ȥ

ֻǰ߹ȥʱ򣬲СһߵʬʱͻȻ䷢Ѩ֮Сһ𣬻ЩӴǶڵ

ҲĪˣͺǱǿһѣһֱ˵Ѩǽڱϡ



ʱһһͻȻ¶Ȼ·һӽ˼ȣһɹǿѹǵأѨ֮У屻ѹͻȻϮ̲סһѪܿ챻ɱм

ǶڵʱҲоЩ̫ܣǿѹЩҪǶֱӷɳȥ±ػܽӦæ±ȥ׼ʵȥ

ᣬӴӶʱ򣬴ʱʬͷͻȻ䶯һ£ͷҲɫ䣬̲סе˭أթʬô

ʱҲ˲ذǵѪ󣬱еӣӦµĵǱҴ֮ˣץסҪˣȥĻҪˣ

ðĻеҪ֪ⶫͼΪУٹȻôһ¿ҪһƬѪȷˡ

뵽Ӵ˿ٿǷͷҲùֲǱ˹ȥҪͷס

ͷһƤ壬ʱͷȥʱƺҲ谭ӷߺ󣬴еСյЦ⣬һŲסβȻͷƮȥʼӲ

ʱͷ֮ϵͻȻšͼһɢŵâƻõСͷ˳    ʱ֮е¶һȻ½ƺѾһٽһ㣬һǿ־ĲҲһѪڣϢѹȸС

ʱȴѾǽ£ڲͣزţһƣʱҲòǿҧԼ־Կ취ƷװƿС

ͷС֮һϣҪסСٶȼ죬һ˸գСѿ֮󡣱Ѹٵʬſĵص¡κεӰǿѹʱҲһʧ

ʧ֮˴ôӵˣ

ʱɫЩ԰׵طǽվʹڴϢһ㽥˹ʧ֮ӣʬƿҾйŹ֣˵֮ûȡĳʱһûŵġǾȻ֮áһֱߵ󡣾ȻǿĶܱܣûû֣׽ʱʼΧѨûӳѨЩˣԻ˦Ѯɹɡ

 ڶ С

ﰲôһ˵Ҳʡǿƨػʲô

ǰ˵㽫ʬŲصλÿ˿ͼﱻһէһһ޴ʯ塣

һ¡ӡ㽫ʲôץסҪӵˣ˵ţ￪ʼǺһ

ﲻ֪ʲôʡܼӲҲʮֵϸܣһӷ˺ܴĹ򣬲Ž˴롣

֮룬һ㡣ӻ½һꡣû׼ãһһˣͰ׷ˡ

彫ӰǸ˳˿׼֮󣬱ˣʼһְɣ쳣һס˵ƤһЩϸۣܵܽʵģ

ӵͷ˿֮㿪ʼСʣ

ʱҲЩҲ΢΢еţԽպ۾ֱֱǱһ㱻

͵һʱͻȻһʹų֮£ֱӾͽѸٵظȥ

ڰȥʱҲûпǷʹĶʲôڰ彫סʱҲĶɤۡ

ţôûзӦ    ǵƬ̣󡣵弸ſ˵ϣȴûٷʲô仯ûκεĶ˲΢΢һ㶡

壬Ҫʲôʲô֮ҪߵĻҲסģк棬

˵ͷǾؽҿ

ҿһɲǼ䡣ٴμһʹų۶ĿİĶѨ

ӱʹ۾оЩʹ˺һӦǿҵĹâ㳯Ƿﶨȥ

ͼһԼƹСһͨ徧ӨӣоŸСϺףϸĻȻǾɫ̬ͬʱЩӵоͺǻŵһ㣬ͣųʵĹâЩ֮ʱ͸Ĺʣʮ졣

ӻӵзһֵǾһɫĹâΪңһĿǰԵʮֻԾܸһϤĸо

ѵǸղߵȥˣǱӸ˽ȥ

壬ʲôҶʰ壬ܾйɹĪ

ȴҡͷҲ֪ʲôҿܷʹ⡣ۼ˶ǣӶȻǲ֮

밲˵֮ʣʱ֮ϵĲʹͻȻʧѨʱָİһΪҪˣǾһץ

ץеһ̣ӵɫͱˡ

вҪȡӸоǣڵ±ʱ򣬾ͻȻʲôܹǿĶڴ·Ҫ塣

±ڴʱٴųһɫâǹâֱ͸ӵ壬Ӵʱооŵʹؾġ

ûʹУ±ӵЧӦ֮ǿӴһЩĶ

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ʱڵ±ƺ̲סǿӵջͻȻӵڳ˳

ӵһǸ˲䣬ö˻һ㣬Ӧ֮кʲôһӳˣյĻġգѮɹƬ

±ʱųĹâİĶѨӳյľ硣̵۾Щ

Ӳ֪ΪʲôᷢеǸųĹâ±ϵĹâӦ֮ʣΪ±֮е̫ǹɲâ͸֮¡±ڵıʱһɵĲɫâ



ʱʹ±ڵķջأֻ׼ջ±ڵʱͻȻһֱӵ𣬷·Ǳһ̩ɽѹشһ£Щɢ

ǿҽֻôĴʱͷѾðˡ

Һԣ±ƺҪСͬļЩǲļ֮мֵġСʹ±ڲָʹĻɾʧһ̡

һҧӾΣҲҪǿн±ջڣǾٴν񣬷ųԼ־Լ֮ϣ±ڿʼӴ

ʱ±Ǿ־֮Ӱ죬㱻ֵǵâͻȻ࣬ɢĶĿâʼų֮е֮Ϣ

ӽ˻ᣬųǹ֮⹥ʱϵСȻһѽ±εץУ֮ٶȸ졣

С֮󣬴ʱͻȻܹƮӵǰ

Ҳץ±ڣоڵ֮ڴ±ѾܹӦٻʱڻΪһâݣһڵ֮С

ջ±ڵһɲǼ䣬ӵٴһξҵĲ Ӧ±ڵʱ򣬾ȵط±֮кĳһоĪڽ֮󡣺Ҳų⹥񣬵ҲܱãʮֵĹŹ֡

ʱѨָֻ֮İƶ±ǿջʱСȻڿУһɰĹâ

һƬ֮лعŵСӣ̫죬δã

ӿС˵С̫ƿװȥֱȡĻ»ᷢղŵ󣬻Ὣڵ±ڸȡĻеϧⶫ죬Ӧûʹõķ

˵ţӾڶѨ֮ⲽ˼ôСŪߡ

ʱԾصӣ㿴С򣡡

ţôˣתͼСȻظĹƺûʲô壬㷢ʲô

Ĳ˼㲻ҪСҲҪͨǸ߼ٻͷ֪

һԻתͷȥͳͨ˰ءȻͻȻת

һ˲䣬ӵͫ׼ΪתɲǼ䣬ԷСɢһâڸԼԼרעʱظԭģƮڰգȴʼһߵľ롣

ŹֵһĻжɻΪʵһ£ʱһֱС岻ͣˣȴСһ㷴ӳûС

˵һԶطʯڶڷʱһգ˲䣬С͸ǰǲһߵľ롣

𾪣ֵСգûпκСƵĹ켣ƶļôֳԼǰ

ѵԼ˻þɣѮɹϸԻ˦橲һ

 ڶ ׼׼

ôĶʱᵽԼȾһһֵСסˡ

ʵԼܹСĶ±е㷴ӳ֮⣬Ĳκε쳣

ֱ׼ڳ߶ѨʱһżȻ֮£һҪԼϵǿѪ׹СҲиӦ

ŽѪ׹ȡŵһߣԼ±Զ֮ͷ֣СͣλþȻǿѪһҵľ룬޹ϵ

ԭܣҪΪԼꪵǿѪ׹

Ѫ񵽵ʲôаʲô ѾȲҪȥѰĸ׵ĸƲߣҿ⡣

һεı֮УѾڱˡ

밲岢ûŲʱ·أǾĶѨ֮зֵǸϵĶѨͨһ̽

˺ܳʱ䣬һֱǸĶѨ̽˺ܳʱ䣬Խ⣬Ӿע⵽ǶѨ֮ͨгһЩľʯ֮⡣ҲûκϢһ·֮ûκҰ֮û

һֱߵͨľͷ֮ʱ밲˲ŷһޱȿ΢Ķ֮ͬҲдѻ⻹һЩ֮ûе塣

οһĹ⻬羵һ֮ǶޱȾһĻˡ    ڵ¶ʱ򣬴֮еЩҲͬʱ񶼱һȫĹâڻ۵һʯ̨֮Ŀɿڴؼ֤һγȻ漣

Щ߻˲䣬ǷʽĶһʯڣһ֮£ƺĭȻ͸γһԿεյ춴ڡ

忴һĻǼشе֪ˣʯھǴ˵еġҫʯҾôࡣǻʦľ

壬ҫʯʲôãӿ˾һӣҲԵΪ档

ӣ㻹ǵǲҵǸĿصİõһĿҫʯȫҲ˵ҫʯиռЧֲ߻ôһڣȻûб˷ʵ޴ʯͷáټȻγɵһЩʯļھһֱܺõظ

ӵ壬ǴڳȥӦþվڳڵλãܲٿڣ

޿ܣҡͷһǴڳȥ൱ڱ˳ȥҪҵڣ¾ǧˡӵһЩǿĸ֪ܹٿԴǻ࣬Щǳ˸첻鰡

룬Ȼˣǰǻǳȥɣ

ȻʱȴͻȻı⣬ҡͷӡɣһ£Ÿֶ˳Ҳֶ֪һţ֪еԺ󶨻ȥģģ

ӽӹ壬Ϊʲôֲȥˣ

ӣӦ⣬ÿ˶׷󣬾׷֮·һҰľ˻֮ϣûзĿҫʯǰһڼ׷Ѱţڷ֮оһΰĹ룡

ⰲΪʲôı⣬ÿ˶Ϊ֮ȵİ׷ջǵͷȻд־ Ҳǿ󣬲ġֶͿϡͿ˻Լһչ˵ģԻ

ӣȥҲ֪ĴѰ㣬һҪСġв뿪ƹһʱգһٻɣ嶣

ӵͷγȥͲˣΪ˲ĸ׹µ˼СʧɢֳһֱӱȥѰĸΨһĸ磡

˵ţӱȭ԰һ󣬱㳯Ǹڴ󲽶ȥվ̨֮ʱ˵Ӱͳ׵ʧ˶Ѩ֮С

ѾʱĩҲת

֮ϵˮ壬ȻﷺξƷζ㣬ʹʱҲʼ

һҹ뵭ǣϵİǣѾǳϤĴ󴬣ȴƮˣǲ֪Щһֱﵽغʲô

Ȼ

ڴʱ˿̣ڴϵĲ֮Уƺ͵סӵˡĩʱڵʱҲ÷

ƥʱ׼һѽ֮һѽΪҪȵһֱδ֣òֲ˰ɣ

ߣͷˣҿǵȵͷǸļһҲһ֣񻨶ҲǼΪ꣬ﲻͣСֹţСʱӼֱѾ˺޲ĵزˡ

ֹ񻨶Ͳסӵˣѩ᳽ˣʱţҲλʦҲһЩɡ

֪ڴҶסˡȴҲεϷ˺£߷׼ģֻǵСӵϣȴͲˣ֮ˣҵܹóģֻ̫ʦ

ʦ壬СֵǲѾˣȴȣ᳽

ڳ˼

Ϫ³ǰ֮ҲδõκεϢʱ䵹Ҳ鵽һЩǺͿӵܣȻϪŮͿ峤һСŮϵҲδõκεϢͿ϶⺢ӵֲֻᣬԶϪ³ǰϽƻûв鵽κֻ⺢ӵ٣ļˣҲ֪

ºͿڵǶļϼһôƹٸⶫŵұ⸽ÿһأûѰǺӵ١ֻ˵ǺӾһֱδ¶棬Ȼ⸽һϷȻ㲻Ǻӵľ٣а֮⼸ϼһϷ߷׼ġǼȻӵЩôǱԼӵһˣ

˼ǣа֮ĻôǱԸǵȥѰ˼    ͷǡһֱȺγҲڸЩϼһһѶţҲûһжǼϼһȻҪΪ֮ϾûЩ˵ôԹϼһҵ˽⣬֪һ֮᲻˼ǣ

ȻԭˣϼһȷʵҲƻ

ʱɫһһĬĬ㡣ͻȻվɫܵصˡСһڳӡ

һҲɫܣͬʡ

ȴϷֻϪ³ǰϺƶݶȥ޷ȷСһλáӦҲ֪׼׼

ǵ׼׼ţЩε֪Σ½ Ȱ ½ڸࡣ֧ߣ֧Ķ

 ڶ ɽµɽ

ЩǣɽشͷϿв㵭ȽκܸߣΧһ㱡ĻѩϮˡ

ڳ߸ںڵλãʱȴһʮֹŹֵĴ߰ڲصĿռӦǿ쵽صˣȴֵ˺˸ߵİ ֮ء벻֮ͨ䵽ʲô΢

һܾᣬܵ۵⣬ֻԺ֮һζ󡣾ͱ۹ȥˣٵǣȷʲôɽʲôط

Ӹߴɽ೤һֻȴ˵ذĵطɽ׳Ρ룬룬Ѿ²Ӧɽӡ֮УҲֻɽأŷ߸ڴͳλá

ɽشн˰أܼѾʼݻƵֲľżһЩûڴ˵صޣǾޡ

ӸӦ˵أ׺ľ޵ҲмֻڸûҲûдȥЩޣɱ֮ȡ쾳磬޵ľԪԣòϣһֻͨ֡

ԽɽǰУ־Խïܡҿ֦٣ܲҲһЩǱһЩεĲݴ֮СһֻҪ۾񣬾ܹظӦ︽ÿһϢĴڡ

һʮ΢ĸоӦڲǶͨһɡ

ӺϲΧһж֪ΧĸоȻ˴ɽѾоܹвˣǶһ׺ǿĴڡлǳֽ̬ȵġȻãɱ֮ȡ޽𵤣ǱֱµɽȥҲûʲô˵ġ

ɽһ·֮ҲûиӦǿ޵ĴڡھһСϪʱ򣬿Ϫˮ峺ס

ǰһɽȪϲóѾձˮܵɽȪߣźһڣоˬޱȣûȾԭ̬ȻˮǾͽˮװʹ˸

׼ٴ̣ǰߵСϪεĵط֮ʱﴫһľע⡣

ɽŵλôҴ֮лбײѰԴһ·ѰңֱһøߴĹŹ֣Ͷ泯Ǵ򶷵ĵطȥ

ѾӽɽˣһС·С·һ·ڣмλͷ޾ִٷ˴һʦʱΧһλһס죬ִȸƵʦڽһ    ǱȻһеĴСȻٷ˴١һɽֵش˿󡣾úܹŹ֡

޷ǴСһеıƣӾһֱϹ˫Ĵ򶷣ǴСǸʦȻٷ˵Ķ֣غϾͱһ



Ʒ󣬴Сûбɱٷ˵һ˹ȥڴСһǴСͳһźֻǿ˷ƤҲûв𿪣ֱӶ˵ȵѵ֡ڻɽկһָʾ

ȻǴС⻰ȴǿЦɽҲͼԤ£ᱻ塱

ɽߣɽĵ£ҲԩɱλٷЦһ󣬾ͲǴСɽжȥ

漴ԣһٷ䣬Сͱͷ­λٷﳤȥ

ӿһĻе˺棬Щٷ˲ɽһľݵ㣬ƺı߻һغ֮սĴ¡

뵽⡱ӵƮȻ£ͽظڣλٷ˵ĺ涣ᡭȥ

ԼһҵĹӾһʮεɽȡ

ɽȵӿ֮Уλڰڣٷڴʱǵסʵ

λ˽ٷ˵˳棬ʳࡱ

ź󣬾ÿλã˽ɽȡ

ֹڸ۲һɽȵ֮󣬻Ҫһµĵţ߶ִأǱȽɭ

룬⡣

һֱȵʱ֣ɫɽ֮пʼйϮһֱǱڹһϣڵȵ˹˳ƺ£ֻһˡ

˴֮ˣ͸һ֮кѸײڶ֮Ʊ˷ѣ˸ûзӳʱӾͷ£ץסĲӣһŤꡣһء

Ѹ´·ӾԼϣ˻һľƹ䣬Ȼͷһɣҡһ䣬Ҳһֹ 

Ⱥ˴ԼʱңӽϴҪƷİҡڵĳɽȶȥ

ɽǰԵúܹŹ֣һ˺ȵôôͻˣ

˳棬ࡱѹɤ˵

ţʱĿԡ漴䣬

˵֮΢΢һ㶣漴һ˵㾯

Ӽ״֪ǵĿѾһ׼䱸֮ʱӱΪǿųǿѹһѿס˵ĺɱֵķʽֱӽ˴˵

Ҳͬһʱ䣬ӵһҲûţֱһָֻƺһҲûκεϢ

˻ָ£ֻһ·ߡ

ûзӽ˺󣬾ͽǵʬ尲ڹȿڣʯڣ֦֧ţڰŹȿڵӺ󣬱˹ȡ

ʱŵһεסӡȵƣ

ͽǸľ˳˳ʾ˽Żȷ֮󣬱ŵţ

֨ѽ

űºӾʱɨ£мµĿȣȫһݶҲû˹ǣ˳ͨź󣬾ͽɽ֮С

⴦ɽȳʡͣӴӵŹ󣬾ͼ߸ľݣ˺Ů˽ƺæµ

һĿͷһ֮һñģԴһЩҲȽϾһЩȫľʽſҲмڰţӦþͷľӴ

ӽĿصȥ˳

ĳʮֺңһĿȻΪǸſڣʱм󺺶ŹŸںԺǹǰжֳִףǸ󵽵һЩɲʢģȻǳӡ

󣬾ֱǽ˸룬ߵǰҲ֨ǳӾ͸Ҩ˼״׷ͼشĲˣһӷͷ󣬾Ͳˡ

˸ٵĽ䡣Ͷֻ¶졣ȻͿʼ֮ܳɣʱԷڷŷȻҪȳһ˵

ȳķԱ󣬱Ҫ֮ʱȻɱˣô㶼ǣ

 ڶ˰ 

ɽڲдʱ˴ˣܳʱûгԽףͷˣӳԵĵúܿɿڣЩֹ Ļʳǻ

ڳԵĽζʱһȴĴɨţҲڸϸ˵̸Ͷ

ʱֹͷУʱ߳һ׿Լ飬۹ŮˣʱЩԷĴǵĿ˹ȥЩ󺺳Էٶȸ죬ɫɫʼղŮˣˮҲһ̡

ڼŮ֮ȻЩ˶ʲôˣ

ȻһȺ겻ɢΨ²ҵġɽ

˶֮ӵɱ˷Ż˼ͻ ֮УվҪЩʲôĹ

ҹ󣬾̽۲죬Ӷеһϸµ˽⡣

еɽװʮ־׶УڷвûдһֵУÿ˻װһѷݣڱɱǵùļһͨƬĹ۲ƲóвõĽۡ

ǸһӴҲǷǳƣЩ˶һ䷿˯Ķǵ̣⵹ˣ޷ܵЩ󺺴ֱضɽҡһЩŵζֱܡ

ҲЩ󺺿˯ˣӦǱǳεİɡ

Ӳݲݽݵ֮ڻûгŵʱ򣬴ʱͻȻһһߺȫż׼ϡ

֮󣬴ʱеĴͻȻܾӡ׷״ӵףץ𵶼ݾѸٵسš

䱸о֪ſڵȥѾˣв壬Ҳף˰ͳŵ˿ڵĳϼϡ

˶Լиʮңӹ۲¡ʵǿҲǰ˼ʦһЩҲʦʵǵʱҪɱ䣬ɱЩ˼ֱǻȺ̫Щʵ͵ģֻҪһɤӾܺһ롣

֮ǰ¶ǸŮʱҲһҹ£ǻģȴȻüϺĴ͵͵ˮŮͬʱһλҲصˣɨ¡ϣȻͳͷ˵ͷ

ûԤϵǡڼͷĴ֮£Ѹȥƺһνж

ڳȵʱע⵽ſʬûбĺۼЩ˸ϵĺܼ˺Ůƺûо쵽ԾһȾʹɽ⼱

һ˼˽ʱɫѾЩˣҸϵúܼ·ϲûͣЪţнɽ¶ʮһٵʱͣ˾ͿʼΧá

úúʱһƬž״̬һֱ벻Щ˵״ٵĿЩʲôˡ    һȵɫʱʱٵ֮Ͼͳһǰ沢ʮϵ׷ǵķɫǴƹľʿǱ۹ľʿ

ʮʿǰɽûκξٶ˹ȥ֮󣬾ͼһӲʿǵװҲʮֵľҸ׺绢ʵ߰˼ʦȻֻʮңǺöԸġ

ɽȻûж֣ﲽױ󣬾ͼǶ롣ݺСһŮԼһЩ͢׼̶Ҳں棬װΣЩˡСΣδƹټӲâıؿЩ龰ȻܹȷӦ۹õʹš

¡صļضлӵǰǲ֪ҪʲôɽҪʲô

ϼݼĿ꣬

ھʱɽͷʱһ󡰻֮˶Ϻ˼ݼ׼ǻʻ

ҲϺüݼ󣬲ѾоɽעҪʧܵģΪʱ֮һǿϢѾѾ

ż

ʱͷٴδһеļݼʱݡһ䣬Ļȳ棬ܼȥ



ȻЩݼ䵽Է֮󣬾䵽˸ְһһ죬޷䴩Ҳֻ˸ԱߵļŮ̫ˡ

ˣ

ɽͷʱٴ֮󣬴ʱе˱ʼɽַɱ

һȺɽҰСȻ˷

ʱһȴһƳӸӦֵʵǸ죬ȴ˸ǿǸʦȴûκζλֺľһȺĲױ׷    ȻɽĿĵʲôڶԷ׷˹˵

ɽһȡԶԶؽЩɽ棬ҲЩ׷ϻɱɽǣѸٵʧɽ֮С

ǻɽڸʮ˵ĴҲӽɽ֮ĸֺͲױҲû׷˼ʬԭ·ء·ʲô¶ûзһǶӿЩٶȼǰУܿʧ˹ٵ֮ϣǵĿ꣬Ļǡ

ӽ֮ԽԽоЩɽϮ۹õʹţҪ֮ìܣжֻǷ˼ѣڴƹ˵۹ȫѡ

ƹٷҪ¼ĻȻҪ︽һֵɽǿˡ

˵ز˾

Ӵ֮󣬱뻻װһ֮ⲨɽʼǸȶϳ˵

µг̸ӿ٣·صǸɽȵʱ򣬴ʱɽг˼ص֮⣬Եú塣

ӽɽȺ˼̳ӣֱӽľΧķϣȻŪЩɲŵǰһܹʣֵܣҪʲô

ѵûпҪŻôӵӦһ䡣

£漴䱸γϸ

źʱӱֱݼһͽ˵ĺ䴩ּ˾ҪŻڻҪɱˣ

ʾɱ֮ʱصɽǾͽ䱸Щ֮ǿҲ߼ʦʵһ֮

ӿвһؽ֮ȶͷѰһᣬҵ˼ţ˿

һӦǸɱĴСϵģᵽʹãҪؾػȫ⣬һᵽҪɽ;ɱ֮ˣڶݹٵϷʹţȻϸݵ㣬Ⱥ

ֶ󣬵ӿһŵʱ򣬶ʱ˵ɫޱȵ

ȭͷǷŻٵ֮󡣳ţȻһѷŭ֮ɽеķȫȼ

 ڶ˾ ľ

ɽСɽһѴȼգŨ̹Ҳ

Ȼƺͣɽȿڲ硣޷ɽ

֡

зѻҲзִ磬ֻǷŻɽȵɽ֮󡣾ͻװϰһ·򱱶ȥ

ֱϻЩɽǿѱգȻ޵ҧгݡĿѣǲ֪˭ֻƵѪ

ɽͷĴ£Щ˵Ǻܹطݵ㣬



ʮպݽ硣

ǴƵ۹ӱһݣͼܴ󣬳һɳĮ󲿷ǲԭġƱͶһ±ݣƵ۹ıжͷֱפݵ߽֮ء

ڱһҪľսԻȻ󣬵ԵñȽƶࡣ

;д˻̶һϺ˾ƻһ޼ʵĴԭʻʮг̣һƬشǵĿĵⱱݾ֮ĵһСһԭҰ

ЩһλڱݱȽЩɳϺӣǴ˴δصľƣҪǴݵĺݵұʮľƷصݾӪġ

ǣλɳϺ˴ݲ㼷ԴϹͷɢ˼ܣȴֻ˺һƣһ·ϷǳƵظӴ¿ˮ

Ϻ˵Ӳ֪ʲô飬ԭƷ³һСҺľ֣ʼֻһƳûʲô¥֮Ҳ˹ϵŶһ׼

о¥ϰ̼ûϵǣ־ھ¥֮гʱһʱʱһգǳǰĻ𱬡

ֻһһҹĹ־Ƶʢˡ

ˣڹ˽µʱ䣬ҺѾˡǱصḷ̌ڼÿ춼ԴԴϵظ־ƣΪ־Ƶʵ̫̬ˣÿֻ̳׬ӣҪ׬ĸࡣ

ʹϺ֮¾ڴڣΪ־̫úˣؾݽһЩľ֮̽־ƾͶϻˣǻһȥ⡰ҺļҴǰ

ϺЩؽԶḷ̌ÿһؾһʱ䡣ÿδľƲˣĸ˵Ҳܿ졣

Ϻ˵Ǳµĵ̶ˣѾڸݵ·ˣΪ˲ʹ֡Һʱ̫áЩƿͲܳԵˡ

ЩеΪǾƵ˻𱬶еȣƵľӪ߸սԽͿͿѩʱԤϵֻ𱬳ķ

ֻòǣǾȻơ    Ѿˡʹ뽫ָҲ޼ˣֻοЦ

ϺҲǸ֮ˣڵʱһ·üɫؽ˺üʱȻظģĲ֪֮СѾԭҰǡ

Ȼ̶ڲŽԭҰ֮ڼ֤һĻĿɿڴĳ

ʱͼſڸӿһˣ۾죬ڼǵĳӽ֮󣬾Ƿ˷һ߾˫֣һӿϣŵӻ̲ûĴӴڣÿƴػסһ˾ƵٴС

Щӿ˵У඼׳꺺ӣҲһЩ׳ŮҲЩƻȫϺк˵Ϳʼϵľơ

ֻǰʱĹ̶Ӿͳ׵ıϴһգ̳Ӷû£ȻϺȴѾЩƱûˣƵģȴأ˭ҵʼ  

Ŵ죬㶵һĻûлع

̶ӵЩʱҲ񶷰ܵĹһԴڵƵػȦȦȻЩ˾ƣǮǸ˵ģƵȴȴһ̳ûи¡

̸ܵģһְˣ̶һ꺺ӷ߷߲ƽƿڴš    ϺƺֱѾϰΪˣƱռЩ¥;ƹݵθϴϵ˶ɣǴӴҪõһ̳Ʒʮӣ˻ǸǶʮ֧ÿ̳ƷεҺ׬ӡѾܲˣ

ǣһһءǰһͶˣ׬ôǮʲôãλ꺺Եʮֲġ

ʱڻعϺһ̳Ʒƽ۾Ҫʮӣ˵ƷƷĸߵΣӦ˵ܺȵƵ˲ѽô˻𱬵

Сֵ֪ǱһĺӴþƣеȾΪһ̳ɱ˵ĶСЩ̼ҽЩȥһʮӣȻǶ٣Ӧ󰡣Ϻҡͷ̾ӾһħЩǣ˭ܵסջ󰡣

ֵûкȹǾƣԱߵһλ꺺ڷǮ֮ϱҲƱһնԵĲ̫ˬ˵ΪСӪֻܺϻƷʮһ̳ģɲ֪ŶӹƵĶʲôˡЩڱܳĴ̼һ־ϰʮһ̳ƷߵΣ

ұ֪Ĵ¥УָߵƷƵԶԶƷһǱȽƶҲֻܺȺƷġ

αһ̳ƷԼźȣ˼Ҵ̸ҲҪʮ̳𣬶̼Ҿ¥ȴˣÿһĸԸԼǮȥ¥ȣ֪Ƶжôջþ֮ˣûܵס˾Ƶջ󣡡

Щʶ˵־֮һҵ籩ɵϺȻ̼Ҿ¥۸Ŷʮһ̳һ̳Ҳôôһʮһ̳Ҫ׬ʮҲ̫˰ɣ

ϺȴЦСֵ֪ٸ־Ƶ˰ʳɺܸߵģ˵ҺʵնΪƷ֮󣬾Ͱ䲼ɷ¸̼ҾӪ־ƣԽ󣬸ٸϽɵ˰Խߡ

Ʒһ̳Ǿ¥ʮٸ˰ҲҪʮϳɱһ̳׬һ̳ʮٸҪǻ׬

Щ̼ǮƷÿ̳׬ƷʮƷʮ뱩ܣ

Щ֮Ҳˡ

ȻǮ׬ʵҲܴ̼г˰Ҳܸ߶˰գֻ̽ϵ·ӣߵĻȷġ

ֻҪһ¢ʱʵ۶ԿЩ̼а׻⣬ȻҲҪԱ

ҵĳɵĹɷݸʵۣͷʵ׬ıҪ࣬ȻҪԽĺ֮ǲǡ

ӿɲص갲˼Ƶĸޣ

Щ²죬ҲǱԹͽͰɡұˡپֵ죬ǸѾۻᣬұ෭ˣһȳëˣŵǾƶҲˣϽҽԺⲻȥļʱһֱæµ˴ҹŻ˯𴲣Щ£ҲѸλֵܣÿ֮࣬ҲǧҪע壬ƻٺȵɣ

 ڶ ӡ

óſڸϺ˻죡׼ҪŴصʷѣϺӲǲգ˵Ѿ׬ǮˣظҲǾ֮͡һ·϶ĵͶҲʶˣϺȥ͡

ΪбҪ뽫ϺȽҺǣȥǾ;ܾϺĺ⡣

ֻʱӸϺ˸ҪϺĴȥ˹ƵĻͽʾҪж١

뿪ϺȴдʲôҲ²ⲻСΪʲôôֵһ˵Ƿ



ֻϺ˱ȽҺȻֻȴ˼Һ⡣Բûֶû̫ϡ

ȻڰԺ󣬵Ϻβɹڶأ俴ǾʹϣȥһԹ֪֮ļֵΣ֪ǸˣһеĹ Ǻ󻰣

ϺЩ˷ֱ֮󡣲ûסջڳһƫƧӵһҿõһ䷿ס

Ҿլ֮ӾڷϻһĿķšȻַĥĺܹ⻬ܷСʯͷ󣬾ʹƿʯ֮һ׵ľ󣬱㿪ʼ

Դӽ֮ûרĹʱھֻһֱֲиӡ

ԭھżʦľʱӡܴĵ̫ǿٽͺάˡ

ĿǰӾǣ쾳֮ٴ͵ӡʱҲûЩ谭ʹѹ

ھеʱ־ĸ߶ȼУú⣬ֻҪھʶ֮жӡӡ᲻ظʶ

һӡǻʶۣ֮ͺɵ˳ӡʱϳһЩԶʮֵԲ

졣

˵ӡʱ򣬲ôһ˿ɬУӾǴﵽ϶ľӡ֮ʱѹʧ

ֻڵӡʱ֮дһ˿ʹС֮Ѫ֮ʱѹоҪͨӡķʽһָܹӡอõһЩԵѹΪüʵĻ

˵อ֮кܹؼĲλอҲһΣյ顣ŪþͻᵼѪУอ

ȻӡĵӡܹӵอһЩѹϵĶอܣͶȡǿȡԼ֮ĬȣϢǿ̶ȣӡûа취ܺõĶ

ǾҲһֻ֮רעһǳ֮֮ϵһšܹõһδεϴŻ͸Ƹ⡣Ҳͬר֮еĸٽרҵԵĴ

ڲµָ֮£ΣҲʶǾ֮಻֮ڴһ飬ͲûἰٻǰүүΪʲôǿͳ̶ȴﵽ׼ǾҲүүǵǾһֵĲ֮

ӸʶЩʱȥѰҸרҵ๦УҲα֮еһҪԭԼ֮·ڿһͷͣͲǰ

ھԵʣӵ־и߶ȼС֪䣬һҹѾȥ

شһӡ֮Ѿˡ

Ȼ磬ָʹһӦӡ֮󣬼ӡʱϣѾǰˣҲǰиԵߡ

ӵλӣʯУţǿǧڲŴгͬʱһЩͨĴֲ赭˹ӣ˰ɣûʲôõķʳдֻЩˣ

ţӽӹ֮󣬾ͼһС һҰˣͷҲû⡣СԺ̨͡

λżƺԵĺ㡣ҲЦ䣬һֱӽʳ󣬾ʣԱ𡣲еģ

ұˣллš

ӣǷһֻӥСƤõˣǲӥպ˵

ӳʱ͸Ӧӥ֪ѰõķʯͷͱѰ˹ڻᱻƤСӸߣǸܣӦˡƺŷߵġ

ţӥġ㲻ᣬ˵ġ

˵ţһУͼһڵȦѸٵͣӵļϣޱȵĥӵԵʮֵ˷ܻʵʧ˺üˣһϷȥѰû䣬ڷ˵ټܲ˷ܡ

żӥʮ񿥣͵һۺ󣬴źͰ΢Цͻȥˡ

Ҳûм裬һ֮£࣬ͷϵëɫӵѩףһɫĹ󣬶ϵëҲһɫĹĺצϬԵʮֵ䡣

ëЩ֮գԵøӵĻʵ

ӥĿ轻ʱ򣬷µĲϢ֮УƺʲôڸӰõıȽ׼ȷϢǹ˵ģƺҲˡ

õЩϢҲȻʲôˣЩҲʮֵĽƻȻ֪ĳ׷٣һǰûв

ȡһЩ֮Եøӵɷһ貢ûճӣǳ֮󣬱գ

ȥ

֪ǡһֺ棬˳ȥ

һֱ֮ӾͷһֱͷϷšȻ󷢳һһ㣬ʧ˿С

˴ԼһҵĹַ˻ξ䵽ӵϣȻƯë

    ʱһ󼱴ٵһ޼ʵĲԭ֮ϴ

˻ɣ

ӱһ˻ܻ죬ҲЩƣۡУҲּȫû뵽ƱȻţһ׷

һֱڳɳĺû顣˭ûи飬ǶһӥһһԸ黳

ʱЩܣһԵĳ嶯ӴʱҰһ㣬ɿرĲԭ֮ϡ

ڲԭľͷһɫӰӣһֱӷſԼػκɵ

һһɲǣͣƱʱҲһ㡣ڸٱֹ֮ס

ӵ۽ЩʪƱ˺ۣβż֧ѪһֱϻŰرҧϵ̰֮˵ץ

ϣſ˫ۡεرƱĲӣƱӴŻǣĦ꣬һһӵ֣֮

л ɽˡָ򡣼λֵܹĴ֧֣ллףλĿģٶһСʱһǧڹʱ֣ȡٶһ£ܻ㣬̫λͲõˣ

 ڶһ Ǿ׶

ɫˮǹ

СǾһֻݷĴߣȻںҹ֮УȻʱ˵ӡ

ĩٵıأ²ϴҹȽϺСгһЩȶľƹε侲ĽСһƬš

еĳ֮С

СԺ˿ú䣬ϵ¹ˮȣã紵ֻһƳҡڣסǿա

ʱ˫Ŀ׳΢գ־߶ȵļУǺ֮СѰһſûй޵ĹǡǳݽԼǽչ޺

ڵǺ֮飬õӲϵιȻǾƬ޺ߣѲƬ޺

⺮֮鵱صڱƳʱںʮֵı壬Ұѱ

ĥ³ӵһѹƵ̣Ȼ־ϵϴѱ⺮֮ȻǷ׺Ƿݱ֮ȻĥˣһֱԼ־Ӱʹȡ֮ɳͬʱҲ̳Ǽη־֮ͨϢĲϼǿһ͵ĸתš

תǿȴܹȷиоõģͺñЩľԪһڵ⺮֮ɳ֮£ҲһֻûΣʵ״̬

ˣ⺮֮ĳɳʹΪԤ֮µǵ״̬Ҫ۸֮Ϣ

֮ɳΪǡһ˶ԣЩ˼ȴһˣӲһ˼룬ȥش£ڳԡ    Ǻ֮鱾ȡ˺֮ӵ˱ܵһ塣ΪʲôͲǳ̺֮ĸӾǿ֮ʹıʷһǱĬת䣬ͨ־䣬Ϊǿ֮顣

ӽڵĵһޣͨǾһѭԲ֮󣬵ڶ޵ġǡҲɵĳţ

ӵĶ⵱УǿеÿһǣӦö֣ԡǾ֮вûἰϸĽܣеҲֻǣǳ͡Ǿֺ֮ܳһλѨͼһЩ֮Ͳȱȫ

Ȼܹͨʽǲǿе޽ӦϵôӦиһĹʹܹ޵ǵò֮ķš

ͱڵһ޵бӦĶʮ˸ѨϣǶӦ֫λľ磬ڶ޵еϣӦ¸磬޶Ӧذ޲˵Ӧľͷ֮ľ硣

ǳӦķţʵҲһֳ֮ԼĳʼţȻܹʹǰ֮ͨ⹦ĸչ١

ҪڣӽڵһĸȫͨǾʹȫӦȺô뵽ָ֮

֮ӦȺǣѾٲľѨˣǾȥô⡰ǣָãȥתĻӵǸȻѾǲ̫ˡ

ЩȱʧķţǾϲûн⡣

ѾʶˣܼͨõĻпܻγɷɣҲײǰΪʲôҪǾ֮֮ͱֹͣȥѰϹǾؾġزᡷԭˡ

ǰڵҪΪ˴壬϶˵ûʲôӰ죬ſޣڶ޵ҲԵĽţʼһԨСǱȽףֲ֫ľ籾Сʱ򡣾͵õչЩ϶߻ǵĽչѸ١

˵ڶޣľֲ¸ǵĹ̵УСҲҪ֮ӦӸоʮֱŤ

ǣǳӦ˵ڰ˿ϵֹ֮ŹֵĸоԽԽǿˡΪ˵ھſ֮󣬽ĸϣС븽ܱߵˡ

ʵڲ󣬵СϵϵǳӦ֮ʱʲôһ⾰ΪȽϴҲȽС

áڽڶ޵еĵھſϼ޽ţ֮󣬾ͼвˣȻоĸҲʹв

в꣬Ҳɴֹͣǵ

ʱˣվ󡣲Žʯ֮һӥһУѸٵ

ͼϵһͲӽͲȡ򿪣ȡſ˿ǰݸ˱˸ƽϢ֮ظš

Ϳױдģᵽݳӿ֣ڰе٣һͨϵͿӵܽύֺã̽䣬Щ˶ͿϲûʲôвͿ֮䣬иͿγһʱԵı

Ҳһڱ׵ĺ¡ͿĴߣʱҪݣֶѾÿʼѧ ùҪӲõģͿϻչ

źֽŻٵ貱Ǵë֮󣬻ȡһдõŷŽͲһȻһ̧첲軶һһݶ𣬺ܿʧī֮С

ӻݻ·ճϺӡĻòԺˮдһͰˮᵽСԺװ֮ƱͳţƱ˸ǡ͸ں档

ɫЩ䡣ֵҲ壬ӵĽŲᣬߵĲûзκε죬ֻƱнĽ֮лš

ڳĴתתȻһЩ׻ƾ鱨ӪǺţ˳ǼǺڳתתܿһһûпӪҵӻǰ

йɵš󣬾һ׳꺺˭ô簡ûžţ

Ŵ򿪺ͷǴӼۣ

ҪʯŴľһӰ

⻰׳꺺ӺȻɫĴ˿ûˡŵ˵

ӽź׳꺺ӽŹغãְȷʵʯãŴľãһֺã



˵ӱ㳯һ֣

̺һ˾סԺӡԺӵĲǷӻĲֿ⡣Ǻӽ˲ֿ󣬽һῪһص

صҲ㳤ߵͷ̨ǰֻһţǺ˼֮󣬾Ѱʣϰ֮Ǳ߲ſš

ŵһλƴˣ䵽ʱ㳯Ǻʣ˭

Ӵһ䡣ǻɻ󣬶ʱоһҲͻȻ첽ߵſڣ֮󣬱㱧ȭһ²֪١ˡ漴λƵ°ɣ    ٶȻһҲҹ˾ʱԺһ㣬ҹſɣָеĴʱܴ󱬷һѣٶȣ嶼ѣƴ󱬾͡ϣֵ֪ܺΡ½ ½ڸࡣ֧ߣ֧Ķ

 ڶŶ ɽװ

ڻ뺺꼫ΪڿһۣҲûҶ¸ˣ

ӽ֮󣬽Ź֮󣬱ʯղЩ˶ݷ֧𣿡

ʯǵЩ˶ǾϸѡˣԭҰĵˣܹܷϢҪҵֹͣһлڸش¾ʱڴˣ    ӵľڱݳǣûлͨʹŵϢ

ʹڴݺǾˣеǵ֪Щʹųʾͨݱ֮ڱ߾ʮפǵĶĿģҲǱ߻û鱨Ϣ

ıפӪûʲôӵ

ʯ˵ݽڵıӪУϸһεӪнʿҳͻڧܿͱֹƽϢڸӪ֮еͳ佫үĸ

룬ʯ㼴ľľŽҴУһҪľʱʹڻ;зʲôĻǧҪһҪøӪͳ챣־壬ƵǿѲҪʹϸ֮У顣жнжƣ

ʯӹźֵ⣬ݾ鱨ӪԱвѰ˴һ˵Ķȷǵ֮󣬼ʱ㱨˵ţóһֽ滭һʯϡ

ʯ˿ųź󣬵̵ƹںȺ

ƼʯӭǰǲʲôҪȥ죿

ʯóȥٶӡϼݣݸߵԱҪܹעѰ⻭ж˴һˣȷϢ󣬼ʱ㱨

ƽӹ˼ۣŮģҲֿεģֻôе족

ʯţͣסŲعͷ￴ģ

ԣϸԣǰҴżֵܵǾ¥ȥͻʱŵʱ򣬾ͿŮ˺һ깫Ӵ¥żֻŮģĿģͶ࿴˼ۣӡ

ô˵˾ԭҰСϴȥ飬Ҫݾߣȷǵ֮󣬱㼰ʱ㱨

Ӧ֮󣬾ѸٳţʯֶǺӵȥŰɣճӪҵ

ͷ󣬲ɳҷһۣλ

ʯбҪ㲻ᣬһֻѵһкǣ

ǣӦȥˡ

֮дһᡣдһ֮ųšϹʽЦݣӺ˼˼ӻͳš

֮ûáʱһλ׳꺺Ӿӻ̣ǰк͹٣Ҫʲô

Ҫж̡ܴ͡嵥㰴Ķ׼ɣһ֮ȡ˵ţǴ󺺾һ嵥ͼӳš

嵥ͼеĶЩܹģЩִСԺȥˡ

ʯӥʽŷŽݾͼһ嵥˽

˿ʯЩﵱУкüģȲˣҪǡעǶǣ

ӳӻ֮ûлؾӴֱӳ˳ǣڳйһȦԭҰΧһĻһϸ˽⡣

ԭҰǣԭ֮еһͷǣΧĴׯ

֮Խ⴦ԭеƱȽϵעĵطΧûɽڣĻϮҲûڵ½üΪ䡣

ӵλԭҰǽλãԵùŹˣشԭشĵ㣬ǲԭꡣɳĮش

۾ĸδֵôһΨһĳǳأǡþǿԶĸͨеıؾ֮أŹֵһڣȻûκһפأһƬӲ̫׻ʵΪʲô

̽ԭҰΧĵѾˣسʱͼٸĳһЩˡ̲Ҳϸϸ

˳֮󣬽ϵѲ߶Ҳƽʱ࣬ЩطٸҲˣӦʲôҪ

ûЩ͵е׵˺üԻլ

Ѿ˷ڵˡ

һֱôȰЦĿӳ극ʱӵţҾҪˣ⼸㣬Ҳûʲôñ𣬸ղǼŵŹãˣЩǮ㹺Щ°ɣҵһ⣬벻Ҫƴǣ

ӽŻʱӻļǮŵϡ

ЩűϴŵЦݾͶʱסǵȻҪߣžͲˣˣ

˵꣬뿪ԺӵʱͻȻת˵ӣЩѾͷȥҲ㣬ԼҪǧСġ

£̫λô˵ôһٿλ뿪ʱıӰͻȻһĵѵλλز¶ĸˣȻܲ³Լ˼Ҫʲô𣿡

ɻӽݣʰ°ϣ䣬ϵ磬ֳŵ·

ƽʱû¾ߣݸŵ𣬵оѾŵӣȥɣҵˣ

쵽ſڵͣסˡ˻أˣ˵ţͳ뿪

ȥʱеȴ૵ǻټģ

뿪լ֮󣬾ͼֵѾϣڵǰվסĵطûнϡ

Ǵӻ֮һȻֽӾ˼ӻ뿪ӻ̡    ·ϣӿֽмȳһ˳ǣƱŵҰ⣬һ֮󣬾һθĻװصС

дҪٸѲߵȼӴҪֵ֮ȴĻлУ˽ۡ

ӻصоֱȥǾ¥ǳһҾ¥Ҳϣٸʱһﳯ۲һ

ЩĿ˵Сע⵽һȹͷñɴŮˣһҲñӣòͨƽƽе̺۵Ⱥ˳

˻ֵԵʮֲˬЩѾĵ档ǲˬҲ̡

һһŮ˾¥Ӿע⵽ɢ֮ʣͳųķ첽ȥԶԶظ˺档

ȽϿٸһһŮĲܿ죬ڹٸǰĴ˰أȻת򣬴һ򱱱ߵլȥԵʮСĽ

Ӹû򱱣ϵ϶ȥһլſڣǸûʵլӣȴЦһɽ主٣Ƿ̰

 ڶ 췹Ե

ʱ֡ϼִأ˼ҴȮ˾һС֣ò֡

ڳĵطʱȴһƬ壬Ҿ¥ջƹǴ·żվſڣͰųŵķǵ飬ԵЩš

һƬľеʿϣ˵ȣԱƬʹԵЩɱ䡣    ʱſһƬӵűһΧԶԶ쳤ӹۿۣʱԭҰǷڵ



һ󳤳ĺڳ֮ʱʱͼŴ󿪣ſһ¼ʿ˳ǡ

ʿǺ󣬳еİһߺƾ䣬˳ӿþûصֹ

ʿǵģ۹ȷͬǡЩǵʱ򣬰ȴǡꡣһƬ˶ﲻֵĵط˵ӣϲı޳ܵġ

ڰǵСʿͨ󣬸ںһ׺һŴ־Щ˻ϴεЩҲʮңɺĴ־ȴʮңһǺһƬƣһ

־ױΪǰ濪˳֮󣬾ͰĲһμǿΧõͰһ㣬ܡ

ʱ̶һװϲ󣬻Ĳʳʻ˳УʳԱߵһλ׷ͷϽڣ磬Ӣˬꡣǰһ컨ȻһɹٵĴ硣

ɹ٣۹ʵ²̫Ӻӳգԭ۹ʵ۵ĵӣⱱսԡһ֧֮ʦڱ򽮽һԿ߾ԶΪ۹Īҵ

ټϺӳ۹ءפϵصԭ̫Ʊ꽻սƵƵʧ԰̡ʵ۱ԭ̫Ӻӳ̫֮⽻򷢵С򽻵ȥˣӺӳվͱΪ̫ӡԭľӽ˴ӺӳľӡӶԴƹ

߾֮صĴưǣʱһЩ˴򽻵ҲλӳЩӡֻɻǣλӳǸбʵ桢ҰĵˣȻƵ۹

ⲻôƱ߾İǷѽ⡣ǴƳ͢еĴҲɻǲ²͸ΪʲôҪ׺ͽ⣬ˣƻʵΪʲôӦˡ

ˣζŲٴˣ߾յܺùһЩðǺһ¾ǣδ۹ɹ̫ӣȴûκεĵϢǶ²ﵽ׻˭

ӭ׵ĶٴηԭҰ֮󣬰Ƕ֪ܺ˭ΧĶࡣ

ǵĶУǺ̫ͬеˣ󣬱ƻʵ׵ʹߴƶǣд󳼣ǵĺ档Щ̫๬ŮǲŶе̫๬Ůǣٺʮżױ׺ӭ׵ ƺƵԵþȻ

֮ԭҰغͱ׸ȹԱкҪֱȥ˿صĸۡϢ˱ɢо¥ͿңиıõĸլЪϢҹĻٵʱֵԭҰǣŻָ˼徲

ǱٵլӺ̽鷢ԭǼɽϵֹ 󲿷լӵж˼ҶԺ

˽ȥ󣬳ɫҲŪ˼Ҷλ һγνټһ췹ԵļҶ

ɾڻ췹Сɽ˽ʱϲһλǡָ˳Էʱ䡣

ӻ˽Ҳ˲ʶɣΪլԭмͣ˵֮ƺǼ˲죬ǲܻ²⵽⸻ԭļҶһ˵˰

ӾʹֵظɽļҶȥԷҲû˻ɵ

εķ˱һθӵķʢⲻ˵ȻϺõƣЩÿ˸һ룬ӺһڣͺȳƷҺɽǺȵĻ̣ˣΪ滹Щˮ

㷹֮ЩҶǶǾЩδҪȡȴɽͷܼȴȳһ٣ҪǸԻط׼һҹ֡

˵ĵҲȷʵʣȻҪڳж׶֡    ҹʱ֣溮̹ǣԭҰһƬž

լ֮еȺ˼ʱ֮һϵĿУԺＯϡ

ܼɽͷֶ󣬸ÿ˶˲ͬϸԸһЩ󣬱Գţͷж

ӱɵ˼ظۡ˵עĿյǱǸۡǸۡǵ߽Ӧ˸ۡ취Զ޵˳˷ֱ֣ӽٳʳеĸָϵӦ

Ĳðţоãֱ뻢ڣЩƺʱ˵ɵϿˣļıоõû˵ˡ

ǷõļƸꡱҲˣȥðִһµģǳ˫֮սĿģǱʲôıƻ˳ۣƾͼƵжҲԤıõģǴɽʱͰɱɾҲǵա

ΪЩ˻һЩóںӴһֱϲ飬ǽ赶ɱˣ

еĽֵһƬ塣ֻĺХ

ӸͬڽֵΧĴתһȦΧڰأʮܣȻڵλǿظۡӽԷķȦҲΪܵġ

ֵǣզŪԷôܣôǱȥһλӶ촽࣬ȡůЩʡ

ͷ첻˵ۡǵӦôҪǵȵȿǻ᲻ӦǣںҲûŪʼжӵ˵

԰ϴ󶼲Ǽƨλֵܵģȵ˵һҲָ˵Ǻ˾ƶĲУЩ***ôͲ֪䣬⻹ô

⻰ͻȻһҲǻھһûᣬЩǲһϵġôὫǶɱ

ʱһֵ֮һλӵֵע⣬ǱжˣһлᣬǾǱǸۡĺԺǽһڣ

УӼļȻᣬֵĵطⲽȥȻǶĲˣҪһȥȡů

߿ӵѲߵ˹Ҳܿˣڣ⼸Ӧòǡж

˵꣬һ˳ȥӸѸٵﵽۡĺ棬ܿŴҵ˸ۡһԺǽĻڡ

˭˲ŵԺǽڴͻȻŴһȴҲнŲ

ˣˣ

л˵ֵܵĴͣӴֵƼƱ֪Σ½  װ½ڸࡣ֧

 ڶ ȫð

ǽǻڴʶܱ֣󣬳ԵЩš

һ׼Ҫ֮ʡӼ״͵ƨɺ洧һţȥǣܲӵ컯ˣ

ܵĺӱһŴ˳󣬴ʱŴĶҲѸٵظ˹Ǻһ¶ܣ׷˹ȥ

ֻǲһԶ㴫һҽС

ʣµһλʱЩţʱԺǽڴһ֪ӦӦˡ

һץǺӵļȹȥ˵ţֽǴǽͷǴЩǽûվȣǵȥһƺߣȻǱ˶ס졣

ʱһԺǽһȥͼԺǽҲǼҶ͸ŮӦǣֻλͬȻˡ

ղλֵأӵʵ

£͸ĸָָӵĽ¡

ӵͷһмղǼһѾ˲չչſڵϣԼһֻǼһϣһֻŲϣǼһﱻȵѾѪˣ˹ȥֲûз



ˣʱ䲻ࡣ

ĸеĺԺѾ߼ҶǾסĵطӸӦԺоèһһӡ

Žӣ˺ղˮ˸ȥˡ洫Ҫˮڵˣպȥ

Ӧûˣȥ񣡡˵šһ˳š

źӾͼһλվԺſڣһ£ֱ£˳šָʹص㣬Ǯ첻ãСǵԴȥ

ӸӦڸкԺ˰ء˳ͼдʱ¯ſڴеˮѾտˣֻǲѾˡ

һ˲òٶȿЩ˽ȥ¯ˮĹʣǣûд̽ĵϸ

ӦеʼŮ粽룬һ·Ҳδ˵һ仰ΧĻܣЩ˶Ǹ֣Ժѵ鵽ĵסֻż˵Ӻʲô

Ļô

ܾЩŹ֣Ҫ˵ףһǻ̫ӡôһλ֮ƥ䣬ҪǿĻƹĿֻһλǾɯ

ɲܻʵҪ޸̫ӣô¼ȻҪگµģвûдЩϢ

⻹һɵǣӭ׵Ķعʱ񲻷ƹʼǻ޵ĴͳʱЩִ̫ˣһ·˹ϸκϢȻʼմһʵ֮Уξ

᲻һȦף    ˼ƬˮտˣӦˮʢÿˮ󣬱ԽӦкӵһ취ǿߵŮļжҪ죬ڵһʱ²λ

Ӧϸһ󡣾źȥˣӦеͷ󣬰ָĴӳԷ·ܿ͵ڵĺλá

˳ؾͽӽңĸֶȥеƸŨӦڴȺ

ܿŮ˵ˮŮ˵ľűƿʱԵЩӡ

ҪˣĹūţһŮУĻ׽ˡ

ӦмԻѮɹɡӦгӵͷʣĻ㼴ԡ˵ţѸٵش˳ȥʣ໤ע

ǽӦнʱҲѸٵشӺ˳Ӱҹ֮еһ㣬һŮҪ֮ʣһֵŮϣŮػԣᣬ˷С

еһɲǣӵҲھҵţϣԷе˻ɯ˳ˮ۽ߣԶģϣǣǸȦףõ֤ʵ󣬻˳ˮ۵ؽ˽ߣԼļƻ

еһŮһλİ˺Ҫд̿ͣӵֱ죬ŮûкгʱͽŮιȥֱӴԷ֮С

֮Уɴǰʱһλ˯ͷԴɴŮӣ磬Ĺ⻪ӳ䣬Ĺ¶İ߷Ө󣬴ӲҲһλŮӡ

ƺûв˴Է֮УֻɴʣɡΨŮӲܰʱһ̾Ϣ

ӽؽӽʱߵʱԽԽ죬ڿʱ򣬿ǱŮӲˡתͷк˴оС

Ӵʱȴ͵ȥһסŮӵ죬ʹûкг

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˵꣬ӼŮӵͷ֮еľܿƽǱſȻûкУӾ¸ŮӴϺ󡣾ʹ˷䡣

ǲų䣬ʱԺʮʱ롰ৣһγ˱䱸ѾΧˡ

һͳʱ˳صӣһɭͳСӣϷſ£֮أ

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ҲûᣬӽŮ˹סĲӡҲһֵͳɳƵɤЩͷɵôÿ·ҲɱǵĿһ

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ͷŮ˵ˣ˫۳죬ȭͷȫÿ



һ֮ȫÿһɿŮӵĲӣش߹Ǳ߻ǵҧں棬ȴԲ

ڳԺ֮󣬴ʱиҲ׷ΧЩȺУע⵽λνɹ٣Ǿӷгֻǿӽٳ˳ɫȴƽһҼҵϷ

˵ⱾԼݵһϷԽйŹ֡

ʲôˣ˿һɡ

ӳաһۺ󡣱˵ӻɣһɱսɳֳ̫ƣðġ

ңʱϸӦ£ϴɽڸӦʹ֮λ֣һλǿʦĴ֡ƺУȥ̫ȥ

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 סλŮӵٷϻÿǲλһ

ðĺӳʱû⣬Աߵһۣźȵȫÿߣ

ĻǸҲνǴƹɨһۣȴЦ

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ڽٳֵŮӣӵе㿪ʼţпĿЩҲôǿҵķӦ

ŮֻڿʼԼʱż֮ʱľţ漴ָƽɫ˿ûбֳҾš

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ӽٳŮӴʱһֱߵ˸ۡſڣȻʼΧһȦЩ׾ȴ˿

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͵ӽٳŮӳ˸֮ۡ󡣾ʱһĿЩΧӵ䱸

žͼӰĴ˳һֱɱȺСһ˶ӵߣָĵص㡣ߣ

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ðĺӳǡʱǶĺ棬Եطиȥ

һĻЦһ󣬱ŮѸٵһ̶·ȥ    ·ϣλһֱû˵ŮڿڵЩ˲һģ˭

Щ죬ҲûлشֻǴѸٳ˳ǳǡͼſһƥӲûƥдһڡ

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֮һŮӵļŮӱӽһƺܲȻҲܵġܲһƥŮб𣡡

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Ʊڷʻ֮УðӽŮӵֽŰŮûзΪʲôҪң

Ϊһ㲻뿴鷢ΪܣǰĺһЩӽŮֽŰĽűƱϣҲֻܶӻ㵽˭Ҫʲô

ˣӵ³׿󣬾Ͳٿڣֻбڲԭ֮ϵ

ԼʱҵĹƱɳںڰĲԭ֮ԼʮʱӴǲԶ˵ڲԭôĿ

ǽӦʱļӿʻʱʱ

ͨɣסӴˣǰǿջ֮б峡ٵİ̺ꡣλŮӣˡһǸլɽͷ졣һɽλɽˡ

ʱЩ˲ûٴòͷϸһҲڲ²˵һЩЦ

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ͷûشʱҲ˹λ̺ŻѳǱϵŮӿ˼ۣŮ۹Ŀ벻ӳջ˸İɳ²ֶΣԸ׳нǱͿСӻҪ°

·취ŮŪӪ֮أñ߾ʮӦϵİʵʩŮʱһλˡ

·룬ȶλ̺£ͨϢԻжƣ

һЩʱЩ˵ȫ̼ƹΣԭȦԱʵʩģ۹һλٳŪӪ֮УȻٷųϢ

һȫƱҪ󣬵ѰӦô߾פصʮ֮ʦͲǰˣ̫Ӻͼһֱδ´˿ӦûڴƹʵŶԡ

ñпѱ磬ûʵΪѣȻĽڷһսȻٸƻʵ̸ĻЩͼıĴӦ˵ҲһȨľѻᡣ

Ӳвı¼缰ʱƣ½һ޴Ļ

ͨЩؽ֮󣬴ʱǰ̺ҪӰϵŮ˷֮ʣͻȻγذף֪£ͽذͱǰ̺ڵ࣬Ȼ

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ǰ̺겻֪УоȽһƬһɹɺ塣оʹֻЩתͷһ۾

ڵصɲǣƺЩʲôʱɴ۾صӣ³֣ǡ

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ӵ˵仰󣬴￪ʼϵسѪòָӣ졣ʲôҲû˵

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ذϵѪ䵽ݵ֮󡣾һűмذȴȻէ֡

ͻȻһĻе˶Ϊ֮һ㶡

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λͷ䱸ȫľţںХȻƶһ˲䣬ƺǹһ۾

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ֻʣʵĺ紵ƺĻ֪Σ½ Ψ½ڸࡣ֧ߣ֧ĶգѮɹ

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Ӳһսˣֻһɱһܹʱڽıɱ֮ս

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ӵʶ֮У｣壬һ׾֮ɲǼƺγĽϣƺӵ־̳ǹɱһκХƿն

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·ͫھҵţӰ֮£оԼе·ӰǼӰֶ

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ûʹĸоֻһɷ·걻һս־塣·һڵϲûмڱ һԵɲǣЩ͡Ȼһ첲ȴõڵǱѪȾĲݵ֮ϡ

ӵĵڶι·һ첲Ĵ֮£ûнնɱ

˵ʵҲֻǼĹɨһۣͼǸǺ׵Ůӻ󣬻ҵһƥѾҪߡ

ӴһڣʱƱ˻һ㱼𣬴ǸͻļһץŮˣһҶ

һƥҪֹôǺһ㱼

˻ɱ    Ȼ˲ص·;֮ʣƱϣǰһߺǰ˫㣬߰˲䣬Ǻ׿µƺܵ˾ţæֹͣ˱УƱǰ

ݣ

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Ǻ׼״ܻǣһƥ׼Ȼǣɴվԭزô޴򣬾ǲ϶һ֧ӣֻǲϵشǣη⸽Ʊ

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ӵļûѸٵĽǰ·ĹϣʹԷͬھ־

ǿƣȻһâ ֮ʱ·ӵĹƷŻһЩܿһķâĿ񱩵һȭڲתǸɲǼɣһĻᣬɰܾڴһ١

Ȼȭ֮ת֮ʣֻһĴָ·һЩʣ˰Ϣʱ䡣

ǣϢʱ䣬ʶȽʲôĴۡ

һָߣһǿ֮мٹµǡǳ޿ƥУע⵽һεĲ뼫ȵǺ֮Ϯ˼άҲס֮ʱȴѾ͸һɿ񱩵ſ󣬽һŷ顣

ûѪ£ΪѪѾסҲûе£Ϊ·˫ʼնûбϡΪڤĿߵͷʱҲȻסΪʲôһָһָȻû˿ķ֮

ӵʵԽԽǿڵ֮ϢҲԽԽʱȫǴ֮֮еľγɵһߣӵϵϵǳӦ֮ʣһָ̺֮һܹ޽ǳ֮ǿһܵ

ҲǾھۼ֮Ϣι֮⣬ΨһһǾܱǿɱС

˻ָѾӵݱ֮¡γһһ͵ɱͭԶԭ˻ָԱˡ

ڵ˻ָıƵһָһһָ

ɱ·ûͣͣתͼǺֻͽӡ

һĨЦŶһڡƱӷ󣬾׷һֻС

ǸŮӣΪʲôҪϾɱӣͼҪܣƲƥԵ׷ȻҲƷ׷һƥѾȫ׷֪⡣

һСҲһңοһҪսɱ¾ŮˣֻչƼ˵ǰģа˭֪ע˵ġ

仰䣬úӣʵĵ׷һɺ⣬Ľ֣᲻ҲǸǱӵŮһ

ǺѾܲˣоԼһֻڲԭϱ׷򣬵ȴģֻбҧ̵ĽȽͣ    ƽʱǺ׵˫һ۾ڵɱ֮ǰһҪ֪ôǵģ

ɽɽȣӼƽ˵

һ⻰Ǻ׻ȻˡʵȻɽǵ١Żɽȣǵĺ·ΪʲôǸʱɱǣ

Ϊǻãͨǡ֪Щ¼ı˽ʵļֵڣǵĴѾûκεˡͼ֮ͨսɱ¾ӶҪлȡǵҪɽ룬ѾȫΪһ֯ĳԣŵ³ֻһǾ

䣬ʣŶ𣬹γһɫԲվڵϵŮӴԭأ·һĵʺХĺ硣ɢĳ

һѾȥ

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ӣѾǸһĮ˵ĵʮηˡ

ȻǸĮˣȴʼóĬشʡ

ڲԭϼۣҹȥĺڰ⣬Ҳڶһ󷺰ǵĹʱ١

һҹٱУѾˡ

Ҫüг̣ȴһҹ֮ͼ϶ƱǿҲЩƣˡ

ӱһˮرͣɿ˺ӣϵӽͳˮҺӸ󣬾ǣƱˮر

ӣȷʵҲЩˣֱֻ˺ܳʱ䣬Щͷ飬ˮȴ򲻿ӡ˼ɵһۣ΢΢Щȣ㡣Ҵ򿪣

ӽӹˮңӺֽӣʲ˼ӵȣתСں

ȹ󣬺ӣӲ˲졣½ˮҵݻ˹ӽӹҲֱͷ

㡱դʼӽӹˮҾͺȣƺ뵽ˮϻϵ֬ɵһžӨϣΡֹ죬ȴû˵ڡ

㵽ҪȥǵķϣòһǴƹǰɣӣʼӺȹˮϾǾͼδõ𰸵⡣

ȻȻóĬشƺûи˵˼

ʱմһӥ̧ͷһС

ӣʳԾط֣һֻӥ°գһѸ֮󣬾Ѹٵ䵽Ǹ˵ϡ

ӣϸֻ׳ӥ֮󣬻̲סס졣ӥޣôܣ

ŵͲ֮󣬴ȡһֽ֮һȻ˵ı飬漴ͽֽٵӻͳһŷŽͲȻš˻ĸǰëһ̧첲չ񷣬ֻܿʣһѱĺڵ㡣

ӣʳԾİ춼˵ǰ̫ˣгԽ۹࣬Ҽԣܶ˽׷ȻѱһֻȾӥ޸ǿӥޣҪ֪һֻǿޣǲ׵ĳһ˵ġ

ǰ͸¶صˣÿһ顣ȴһһǰȫ߸˺ӣĿж˵֪ۡ    ôܹѱһֻӥޣʹʵ൱Ϊյߣôһ˳ӣʵ̲ס棬ʵ

ȻǰɺصˣĮľһźȻˣȴ˵һƵĻ߰ɣ

ӣʹСԣǲ

Ȼûô빦Ů˾ֱץסļһᣬͽŮǿ˹һʻȥ

ӣ˵Ļʱзǳƣ޲תҧɶļһ

Ȼ֣ȴʼûж

ֲʻԼʱңѾǱݽƹݽһָˡһɽ֣ϴӾϺ̶ӣӶȥԭҰǵģֻص

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ؽƤ£Ȼʸȥڵ֮ӣֱӽ⴩Ա߼Щɲ񣬼һСѵ㡢ȼͿ⡣

ʲô֣㵽Ҫô

ӣԼӿ⣬˿ڣȷʵЩˣ˹ȴȻʵؼǸһֱ

ɾںӣΪԷԻóĬشʱȴڵһʱȻ֪𰸣

ΪʲôҪһʱҪ˭ӣʼһ㿪ˣ׷ʡ

Ӳ˼֮󡣽⿾˸߳죬ͳڴﱸõһСЩϣټ򵥿˿и˳֮󣬾ͽһӣ˹ȥԼһ

ľͷӣһڣӹ⴮ţͦ㣬һۣ޺޵ҧһڣųţͣ



һֱȽһȫԵ֮󣬺ӣʻЩδǸ˻ڲسšȴôͳˣ뵽Լʧ̬ģٴΡ

ǻûгԱζǳĿɿڣʮԣָҧŴԥŵ㡱ңһҪ



ӳųţ仰֮ЩԵҭס˽֮󣬲ŵԼ֣

ߣ־Ͷ֣

ӣˣȥ˸ӣܵӿʼץߵǸݴȥңһŮǱӣֱˣѵŮ˾Ͳ֪ݾ仰ô

ץ˰죬ʲôûץӣʷˣҲûθڣɴһӣܵˮرϴ˰оЩһʯͷϣϥ䱸ؿӡǿſţȻ˯

    Ҳ΢΢Щ⣬˼֮󣬾ЩףǱʯͷתǾѭ˼֮󣬶ʱоȫöˡ

˾֮롣ȥɽ֮Уɽ֮һ׵Ĳá

Լ˽һʱʱͻȻожվ˯ĺӣʣһŮѵûһ㾯˺ͷʶôͲԼɶ

ӣںӣʵ˯֮Уٴνְ

ӣʱڱѣ˯ۣ૵ʲôҪ˼ң

źӣ뵽ԼĴһ֮ڳ׵˹䱸صӣʲôôְң

ҪʲôͶˣ

Ӳץļ˹ȥٽ֮󡣱ֽĽְϺ󡣱㳯ɽִһƽϸߵĵشȥƱ͸ȥ

ʱĵ·ϴһгתʱ춯ԽԽӽ

ӴӸߴĵƣϵһ֮ԶͼһԼʮ˵ĶװУʻǶ֮лһͨϳһλߣԶԶӾܸܵλ߳ڵһƣλ֡

һ˵СͷλҲһɷˣѪ֮磬·֮УΪûǾųá

ˣӺܹܵĵʵ

ǰ棬λӢ䲻꣬Ҳǵװɫ硣չֳһָͬĶʣһ۾ϳһλؾ߸֮硣мȵ꣬Ӧþ۹Ļ̫һӳա

һλ꣬ȻҲʶɫ֮䡣ʼմһźܸ֮һ׺ȻƳǸܹ˸оʱƺõһĥøӵԲ󣬸ԴĦ

ˣȻĴƹ    ǡ

ȣлţֵܵĺ֧֣֪Σ½ɽ½ڸࡣ֧ߣ֧Ķ

 ڶŰ 

ӳ˸·ƽ ɽִ٣Եúܷɡ

ֻǶڲС̸Ц֮ʣȴŽȻͬ˼

ӳձһʱ䣬ھǶ죬ΪھǴʱԽƾͶԽʱǼһټƹѾЭ˵֧֡Ȩƻʵ̸еĳҲ

ǵУȴǲӳմھ̫ˣеҪȥеҪõĳЩѾƹѾãѾжƿժȡĹʵһ뵽ǹʵЩȲ

Ȼ˵ĿĶ࣬ȴȻǸ˼ӳǵĴߴ֮£ֻǰ̣·г̷ŻһЩ˳ĳλǵŮ顣Ҳһǳ顣

ɵãӳյĿ֮⳯еǸٻӰһۣ֮е֮дŵ˸к޾ľޱȵϧܼǿеһֱӶҪ֪Ϊʲô˸УΪʲôԴӵ֪ĸ׽˽󡣾Ҫȥɱ

ӳһˣδһŮӲǿҵĺģһǾζţϲһŮӡ

֮УȻӳŮӣɯ

һֱһ˿õϣģڻеһܹһֱš

㲵Ǵʱϣ˻һֱûڿܸ׵ǿƣĬĬʹԼ㲵õ˺ܺõָֻ̲˻е˻ʱ׼ţ

ȻһõĻ֮ԼοԼʱĸףȴһνǽһ˿ϣ˺飬һ׸Ҫ޸ӵɲǼ䣬׻    ϣһα˺֮ʣµֻо

ҲҪˣȻͣһԶУڸװλ֮ʱȻѡԾҪԼǽ롣

ǶݵҸȻҲĸԸ

ǣƺڸЦעҪһα֮Ҫ޾ʹʬһرʹҪɱκηʽֻʣһûǣľȻʻ޾ľ;֮С

ģĻѾƮȻǸݵҸ֮أ֪ɵܳգԸΪɵΪա

Ȼ֪δʲôеܹܵǿű䵭ĮУӰ㹻ˡ

Ů˵ĸ飬ĵ׵ģԶȹߵģҪֵֿŮΪɵΪգ

˰ʱʶñ˴˱˴ˡȴְҪĥ֤Ǳ˴֮֮Уб˴ˡ

ˣУδֻȴҪһη·ͨ;֮У޾ľĥЩֲסˡ

վɽ֮䣬һֱڶŽнɽֵشһֱӦŮӣҪǰȥӪȵ˶УҪһУ

ǻ֣³˲

һж鼴Ҫʻɽָ֮ʱʱϵĺӣҲڿˣڴ

Ӵס˺ӣʵ죬ĮźӣʣǸߣӦʶҪȣϡ

ΪʲôҪԻ˦ѮɹɡǺΣգ³ŲλʦѽѾһġֻӣʲص

˲ôˣҵĻĮص

Įúӣʾǰƺһƺúİܱ飬ôңԶ

죬ȴûкʱȴͻȻסĲӡа

ӣʵĺϢЩ٣Ȧ֮ˮɣĿ⣬һҧ㳯ɽʻĶ飬һֹŹֵ³˲



ͻֵسɽ֮лص֮ʱʱӳյһж鵱УλϳͻȻɫ䣬ӳҲ֮¶һ벻šһ֣ʹͣ

Ӽͣƽ˵

ӣʵΪʲôҪڹҪŭ³˲

˵һչֳһֲݱܾ־˳ӵؼ³˲

һΣɽµһ

ɫ˿ޱȵۼôӣʵĺգ⵽ô¡㲻˵ƻһʧΪʲôӣʻᱻ²˵أ

ԱߵĶǴʱɫҲԵʮֵĹŹ֣ĬֻǻͷĶ˿һۡǶҲһã

ʦڲ׷ԭʱȷʵӣʵǵ취Ȼۼƻǣӳ𾪹󣬺ܿƽ

ߵͷ󣬱㳯ɽд˭˷²ӣʣ㵽ʲô

ʱϢ㳯ɽµǵĿУҪϽŽɽ֣ҵĻһ᲻ϧۣɱŮˣ

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ɽ֮֮ʡɽµˣʱ׷ٴαɫһЩΪ͵ʱ͵ס䡣޷ǿҵ֮Ѫھҵķڡ

˺ǿĹλ֣

ӳԱȽ򶨣Ҳܵ첨Ӱ죬ѪڷڣܹܣԱߵĶӹȴѾס˶䡣ɫԵúѿ

ʱǰûܵκεӰ죬ֻɫתźӳգաɣ

ӳմҲһΪѡԷǳŮӶģȴߡ

ʦ֪ԼȺӣʵĻֱ½ΪģԼļƸʵʩĸ˳Լĵʦǰмӣ򡭡

ӳǸˡܿȨµʧ˾Žɽ֣ȾȳӣʣҺӳյĶ˭˶ߣ˵󣬺ӳɽַ֮ɱ¶

ţһʻɽ֮Уӽλá

ʱӴȵͣе˷ų

֮ͣ˾ĿͿԶߵ֮ϵӣеĺӣʣȷĺӣʺɫѿһʦŭţȵСӣ˭֮£ؽۡ㽫⵽ŵֹ׷ɱ

һ֮ˣںоȣ漴ȴЦˣ˵øǱΪ飬øţЦգٷϻ³ˣ

Ȳһ»һ㣬ֵǼ£

 ڶž еķ

ߵĺڲͣز΢紵Ťõ顣

ʱѾŭ˼£δҪЮڱŭ֮µǷǣջЭ    ƿĳţڿЩֱ͵˶һʹ

ƱƱǱߵͺƥƺܵ˾ţҲǲҾܾǰλ޵ӶԹԼʻ

߼һĻ֮ӵһĨ֮ɫʱִץסһ͵ɯСӡˣУϷ򲻽ƣҾڴ˽ʣ

ȴУץе˸ԼҲߣǰ㿴˵ţһָûжɯŭǾԴģ

˳Ƿŭһָʱӣ˳ָбץŮˣ㲵˼£ͣ޷жֱֱֻۿ֮еˮڲͣػ䣬ƺֻʣôΨһһȨ

һĻӣʵĪһᣬͬŮӣҲͻȻһЩڵõһ·ѰȽǸ˵𰸡

ԭһСΪǸŮˣ

˵ģⲻһϷȷҪȻŮ˶ĳ롣

³˲⿪ɡǲԴһ·ϲûжʲôֵ飡ӣʵõ˴𰸺úɣǾİ·ˣֻжôһ˿ˡ

ӣʵĻЩԾǽ⿪ɯϵִӻͳƿӣһҩ衣

ڻҪɯιҩʱͻȻֹԵʲô

ǰ裬ЧҩڶһЩƷµķⶨ裬ԽָܻҲǷⶨĽҩӣʽ͵

ƿӹץסӣʵĲӣǻߵ

ߴʱеŭ죬޲ǰ˺СӣǾֽƿ˹ȥһ֣ȵؽӹУƿϴһ𵴲ȴѪڣͷȻǸѲˡ

ӲЩţ۲£沢ûо綾ĳɷݣ㽫һŵӣߵȷһ

Сӣһŭ

ӣҩ裬ӵؿ˿ӣ㽫ҩ£ȷûôúŽһߵ°ɣ

ߴʱĺھҵĲţǹ˼СӻԺӣ֣ɱǰŮӣٽСʬΣֻܽӹҩ裬ɯ¡

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ӳɽ¿һۡɽµ˺Ǹͼ벽Ը

˺ȫ˺󣡡߼ɽµ˴һѾﵽһּޡ

ӳմʱ˿̣Ҳһַŭ֮Ѹٵţȭͷͷͣը졣ûĶڡ

һò̵ĳ裬ûгΪĻʵۣܺӺӣʣܻܺḨϵλзģȻغӣʺҪκδۣҲҪ

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ɯһľ̲סҪ˵Ļ֮УȻţͷоϣһֻصϣ

Ȼòˣ˫һʼûб䣬һڻĻҲһųԵġ

ڣ³߷ſ

һ

ڽӽʱԽġôĿ࣬˽ÿһͻҸһЩ

ҸܶݣֻҪܸһʽԸ

ɯĽŲᣬҲÿһĻ߾ͷţʱԺӣʵˣȥɣ

ӣ΢΢һ족ͻȻйɬӿҪİ·ΪʲôԼķ²ѵ˵ԼҲѾ²

ӣʣ߼ӣѾſˣȴվԭزиּŭе

ӣ۾Щʣתͷʱһˮ䣬߻֮ʡɯʱӣʻ̲ס˵ͬǿҸİΪǣҡףǣ

ɯ΢΢һ󣬶˱ӿһǰץסɯ֮󣬾Ѹٵؽ漴֮Ʊһ˻𣬱㼱ʻɽ֡

߼˺ӣʣʱڱˡ

ҪߣҪ׷ȥӣȴͻȻסĸ첲³˲߰ɣ

߿źӣ滨ŭӣʣСû۸㣬ϷҪɱ˵š׷ȥ

Ҫӣʽץסߵĸ첲³˲ôұЩٳҵͽƾӪ֮Сƾǵĳޣҵ³ӦñңѾʴˣ

ʱӳһ˸ӳ˫ĿӶݵɽ֣ѡκδۣСӱҪˣҪʬ

ǣӳλ챧ȭӦ֮󣬱ѸٳӶݵá׷Ѱȥ

ʱ°͡˼ؿɽֵķȴ֪ʲô    ɽ֮Уű졣

һɽ֮У֣Ӱ

ɯӵĻ˯ĺܳû˯̤ʵҲûʾƺһҸξ֮УҲԸ

ɽ֣һ֮УӲ»ʧƱһֱڰȶķʻƺҲ뾪˻ŮӵΣ㱼֮ʱҲԵñȽ졣

ɽ֮УȻ滹겻ɢ׷ǣǰѾɽ֮вһЩ塣ʱһ˻ȻܽЩ˳׵赲ڴɽ֮Уǵ׷ǸӵĽŲ

ƹɽµһƬϡɵ֮󣬴ȥݵһƬããԭԭ鱼۵԰

ݼش֮ƱǷŷɵģҲȼ©* Ѿûκ˻ܹ赲

Żﺨ˯˶г˻ڼ˼ѾǣˣããأУҲѾ˷

ȣлˮֵܺ񰮴֧֣

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㷽ϺĶԽءﷲǧ⡣

ѩ֮УһԼƤ£ͷñޱ߼ʵɫ֮УֻʱĴϢƬ˪ѩУֻһ򱱹С

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ʻ·ϵʱ򡣼ž˪ƺһƣԶһҵӰӾѩ֮еѩ飬򷢹һ˵



ܾϵסֹ궯ȻļֹͣϵȴܵһЩ鲻òͣ

ʱﴫһʹʹô£ôͻȻͣˣ

Сү˾ţһλͷʱͳƴ˿ھȡůȻ󽫾ƴݸԱһλͬ飬ش

ͼĳʱ򿪣ͼһλԼʮһģûͷԣ˫Ŀ̽ͷﻹûгԭôܾĪʲôޣ

ӵʿͷ찲һƽϢ궯󣬿ЦСүʲôޣֻٶȼ졣ֻӰӣûп˶ѣ

üͷȴԵúܿɰ˵үүҲҪ

ʱﴫһȻº͵ٺõҲ׷˵ϵȵ׷Ѿ޵ϢϵĶˣһλɲ⣬ϷȻоκϢһȷ˺ᣬ㣬Ҫأ

ھһλ뷢԰ףĿߣһڳеϣʵϸ֣ᷢλѾʧ˫ȡ

ƺ˺ģʱڽͷ˳ڣͼ׳С崩ıȽϵȴ˿о䣬ǰʣүүʲô

ƺʲôް򵥵˵еߣѾͨ顣ѱܹͳȺѩҰ¬Ⱥ֮УйһƥүүʢΪ˲׽ѱ׷ҹȴʼûнƷһأʧ˫ȣ𣬵Щп

ҽһҪ׽ǺѱүүóԸСȭͷ־

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˵ţǵӰʧķ૵ˣλ˰

үүҪΪʦҪ޵ķˡг    ˣȴҡͷ΢Ц



ʱһ󼱴ٵڶɫһ꽫չͼѩ֮ϣͬ׷ǵѸټ졣

ҲֻԼʮĹѾʻͣһ£ɫǰȭѰʵλֵܣһһŮ˹һﾭǿɳĸȥˣ

ʿͷ꣬㱧ȭѩǸ·ڴЪϢʲô˾

үүе˵ʲôȴͻȻҡͷ漴ʿͷ̰ɣҪ·ϵгˣ

ǣʿͷӦһѰ껷һɡͲ㳯̣



Щ˲Ҫʱһеһλ۵ȴǰֹ³çЩǳƵ۹ݵĹ壬ǲҪΪã

һգǶʻȥŵʦ֣˵³ΪʲôҪ׷ҪҵץǶˣʼղеԭҪҪʦ㱨£

˵ӦǩġӦִбǣ㻹ǲҪˣʦ˼Ҳ֪ģץˣʦŸ֪

ʧǸҪ׷ϾƺͳƵ۹ı߽磬ѲߵĸӣҲЩ鷳

˳˼СʮֽƻԭΪ۹ȥ˭֪Ȧӡƹȥлթѩķ׷Ѱɣҵ

ѩͣ¾ͺˡǾ˳ӡ׷ӣֹһ䣬Ŷ򱱶ȥܿʧããѩ֮С

һж鵱Уʻ·ϡ֮ǰλɻ󲻽⡣ߵߣүүΪʲô˵ѣʵ˵ȥأ

ߵ֣㻹̫ǳղǼѩ֮ˣѩ֯׷Ҫ׽һƹˡؾ֮ǰλбҪʵΪǵļҲԼ񣬺пܸץйأ

үĻʮԻ󲻽⡣ͷͲˣҲͣӿٶȣĵٸϻأ

ǰʿͷţһ˱һμʻܿҲʧããѩ֮УӰ

ѩ֮УǧâֵĴ֮ϡһӰʼǷѩ֮еѩһ㡣Ī⣬쳣

˦ββ֮Ӱؾڷѩ֮к

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ǿӵĻ֮еģرİ֮׳ţо飬罫µĴҲС

ѩʱֻڽӽ󣬺ܿؾͻûκεĺۼʹҲڷѩ֮бƻһֻϷڷѩ֮еɫ顣

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ڴƹƾǣȴȻ㣬紺һĵ糿ƹһƬ֮С

Ϊһ죬һĿԷŰ֮գſڣѧԼԵļΧ쳤˲ǲİ񵥡

ˣˣʮѧǰ֮ϿԼ֣ӯظţԱߵǷ׷׵ء

еѧûԼİϿԼ֣ɥͷƶȥĬĬʧӵ֮зйȥˡ

ӵ֮УʱһλͷñˣȻĸͷȽϵͰһЩԶԶؿǰ񵥡վԭؾþòóǼΪġ

ôүүο˰ɣһ֮תͷ㳯ʳ֮ȥ

͵ߵʳһתǵʱʱһͣڼ׵缸һػܡ

λһͻȻԸɣضڵһʱѰ㣬ѡһǷݣƴʦ·һ׼ԺĹԱã볯Ϊ٣

Ҫݣɫʮּᶨ˵̫ӵ³ȫ

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ñ꣬ܽϿͼ̫ӵĻͼ˳ȭл̫ӵ£ʻ򶫹

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ܽҲͬգź֮ʼչοЦݴʱϲصǴߺ󡣻ûתţͼ̫೯

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ȸܺ棬ȸ磬дʲô

µдĸײ֢ҩĵ䷽һЩϸڣᵽһ£

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Ҷɫصֵ˼ǣֵѾϵˣ

ǣµͷҶּȻˣǾڸ

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Щõľƣջһ˵ĸ沼֣ʹྸپ֮ʹѾҪߵµıԵ

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Ҳã¸´׷ɱǸˣȻѾӳ֮⣬׷ֻʲôԶӰ죬

ѩӣ֮ϵâ䣬ƬããıѩƺҪʧ

ΡȺɽƬѩص֮ǰиصУⶫ䲿ָĽ硣

۹ڱѩϺش֮ããǧıѩ򣬴Ƭѩ򴩹Ƭ½ķֽߣããѩģǱ֮˳֮Ϊ֮صıçǧ֮ء

ΡΰĴɽһΪɽһΪؼɽɽиƵ۹۹ķָߣؼɽǷָƵ۹иߣƬؽ磬ɽཻĽشһڣбڡ

һЩվɽСڣǴƹ֮˳ͨеΨһһҪ֮ءҲƵƵĦͻľ±֮ء

ڵĵλñȽҪֹ ֮ļ϶ϴһ֮ͨеĴţһɴƱפأŵһפء

ȻоפءҲһЩգһЩ֮ˣ½׻ҲһЩ֮ˡһͨƾ֤ʹһɫ󡣾Ƿ ΣԱϽϡɴƾϽ

һհʱ֣ããѩ֮СλİĿˣһһһŮеӢ˲Ůľɫǣųһ˰յעĿ

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ֻǶ˷׷׿ڵҵֵ￪̾Ӫ֮һЩƷóףһֱһٲȻһСǵĹģ

Ǳγɵһɫ֮䣬û˰աûЧĹ߻ӣİջӣȻԵЩңЩľЧ棬ԶһǳĸʹҲʼ⣬ƵƵͻյ¼ս֮󡣲˸εôһԣʹάʱƽ⡣

񣬱ʵʩ¹ΣΰȻת֮յìĦϡʿҲᾭѪͻ

ǱȽϹŹֵǣ֮óľȴԤ˫óףص˶֪Ϊó׾ӪˣҪֱƱ˰ҪĹٸ˰ʡ鷳ðΣȥ˽һáǣЩ﷢һЩ֮󣬾ʹ֮óԽԽ٣С±пܷսǣ˴˵أֻһЩ̼ҵķֺţҵԵñȽһЩ

ҵóףܱߵһЩҵĴڣջ¥ЩҵҲܿ

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ɯں󣬾ֱƱεķΧһҾ¥ʱЪ֮ء

Ľ׻ͳһǽͭǮ۸Ҳͦɯھ¥е˼ˣ򵥳һٷͻӡӳӱãֻܼ



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극ҪһЩеСʳŽЯɯ˾¥ȥ

˳ʽһ൱ٸһ칫ĳƽʱ˶ﶨ˰ͨƾֻ֤Ҫƾ֤˴½׻Ҫó׻ͱȥֻҪ˰𣬾˲Ǽǣ԰ͨƾ֤ó׻ˡ

Ҳ˵Ҫ⡣һףݣڶǱľӼأô޹صĻһϸ̽̽鱨Ȼģ³ʮֱҵġ

Ӵɯſʱǰ쵽ƵʱˣŵͿһҪͨƾ֤ķ걻ǿи˳еˣΪʲôҰǼǹݵİΪʲôҾͲƣ

ͷصٷϻмƣڱ֮ƾǲ

ϳһɥбֹţ̸ܵءǰǾƶˡƾ֤

վס˱ݣƾ֤ʾ֤˲ſں󣬾ͱסȥ·

ţӿڴóУһʱɫһ䣬˸׼ľ󣬵ִ˧űӣ룡˵ţ㹧ؽɯ

ӽ֮ǰλ˼һĻתתʱֻصſڶ׵ء

ӽһλҲ꣬׳ͦΣҲмΪߵȷɣ

Ӽ֮󣬱㲻ѰӵݣԼɣҲû˵Լ˵ɯʱֻ˵Լӣɯ⣬Իϲȴͨ죬ЩȻ

˵֮ȴǼΪԾĩͶԹӵ¼ţӵܶԹӵĹı֮޲֣˴ιӴֻ˵أĩ뵱˧֪ӿҷĩǰӪ˧ڱڴӪ

ͿȻҲڱڴӪҲЩ죬ͷȻˣͷ·ȷʵһ棡

룡һ󡣱ӳš

ֻǲųţ֮ǰλ˾С˰ˣǸƾ֤ɵܱѩعСܾԱ֤ô˾ڱ֮س֣

˵ţӾճӡһѵصλ磬˲ף˵˵ɣСܸмСǵһ⡱ͱһѡߴߴûûˡ

֮ٺݹֱ㲻ˣӾӣŭ⣬СӸߣ

Ӽ˳ȥ

ӱҲһĻ󣬵ͻȻһûʲôӰ

ӣСԶݵĶżңҲǵϵԶףСӵӲ̶ȨƣһֱһЩССֵ⣬ҲύЩѡȻǸѲˣҲ㰲ֻ֣Щ죬СӲ֪㵽һƣҪǽֹڴ˵Ƶģĩһֱδƾ֤СӾ϶ϲߣ

⻰һҿҲҵһ飬ҲԱ̽鱨Ҳ

һ¿˿ӣ˵ʣǻǰӪʱ˧бᣡ

ҲãӵͷʱСӴɣҴлҪ˵һ¸ˣʱҪ¼䣬ûھͱס죬Ȼ⼸ҲСӵĥˡ

ıڴӪڲûжԶҲͰʱң˱ڵĴӪ

̲ͨ飬Ӫ֮Ҫȥ˧ʣȴͿҪȥͿէһӣ˺ðŻع񣺡ӣôˣ

˵ţ漴վߵɯɫ΢λ뿪Ӷ˽˧ʡ

һ˧ʣͿӡ㲻ƹȥˣôֳ˱ڣ⿤ô£ԭྸͨϢȻģֿйأ

ӿɯһۡҲ˽ɣͲؼˣǴӳƹ뿪ģֻж谭أԴӱڳ

⻰ɯϼȴһĨЦ⡣Ϳ࿴˶һۣˣҲͲЩֻҪڹǱ߿Щ鷳ϴε£̫ڶ֮ǣ뵱СİֻǲףӣΪʲôִҪȥؼɽ

Ϊĸ׵ǣҡұΪĸȥԸϣ£ӵ

 

ⷬҲидͷһ£ǰҲһЩȻ˴㣬Ҳ㣬ϣƽģģɳ˽磬ҲĪʲôҪģܿڣ羡쵽

ҪһһľսԵֲͼӣӵ

Ϳһ뱫һˣ

ǣһӦȥһͼһλĿĴӵ꺺ӽУӺɯһۺ󣬱㱧ȭ˧кηԸ

ͿڽҵܵӣӦģҪһݱصľ׿սԵֲͼ

Ϳܣɫ죬תͷӱȭͿӹӣݹԴƬ̣ȥȡ˵ţתʡ

Ϳӣղν˵㻹ʲôƻ

ӵڽƣֹĻ»˽ղһˣ뵽һƲߣһʱòи꣬ؽͼӰ֮ЧԱ̽鱨а

ͿţʱȤʲôߣ

̰˽ӵ

˽ͿһԻ󣺡ʲôǾ˽ʲôֱ𣿡

ӵҲ˵ּܷ˽˽˽ƷǾƣͨЩ˽֮䣬һС͵鱨硣Ҫ֪ʱ鱨Ƶ飬ҲģԴУô󣬡

ӵһͣͿа⣬Ȼӣ˼ͿھӪҺּˣͨ˽ƷˣһгͷȻӷ鱨ƣ⵹ҲʧΪһ԰

ӵڱгһ֯רŴ鱨Щÿһ鱨Ժ󽫰鱨ֵӦԴ٣ṩ鱨ԽмֵôṩľԴԽ࣬ôЩ˵ĻռԽ׬ǮͱȻ뷽跨Ϊṩ鱨ҺЩǷģϸһݱ棬Ÿүӣ˽飬ϱϾҲƵĹɶбҸаĳԶֵ

ȷʵǲʧΪһ͸ĺò԰Ϳ޵ȻЧԣʱԽãȷʵܹͼӰ֮ЧϲɺӳƿأҲλ˫ȫ֮ţϴεĽ棬Ҳڴг˴㼰ʱѣ治룡

⣬ˣҲҪСģһֱֵҲ򵥣ڼ̫ӵµΣҲ̫˵׼һ죬ʱһҪƣ˵ӾͲ˵ˡ

Ϳͷ˼ǰԺ뿪ʱͤ˵ǷоһЩºϸ룬˵ĹȻеүүֶᵽЩҾǸʲôʲôɷģ

ʱڽ˽óһƤͼһͳư뾳ԼؼɽܱߵشĵֲͼҲǾ꾡Ļܾµͼ

лڽùͼһۣȻ꾡ڽȴǿ˵ӡ½ǰĩطҲƹһݵͼӿɴϣ

һĿڴｫͿʱǷݵͼ˳ڽ֪ͼϵĵط

ڽǷݵͼ󣬱㽫ǷݾµȽӣָĶհ׵ش˵½ǰСط̽ѲӹֻҪͼƴһ𣬾֪̽ڣ½Ҳ¹һЩһЩһӿܻõǴ

˵ţͻȻγ彣һͿҪֹѾˡ

Ӿ֮£ڽѾԼĴȣһƤȡһѪ˿ȻһЩֽȥ¶ܱ״ʯе½ҵһҪ֮̺󽻸ĩģҪĩҪˣĩ㽫ｻ蹫ӣعҪˡ

ӽӹǿһʯ˿ͶһԿףȴ֪ʲôõġ

ԼϷһüͷûһ£ƺҲ⣬ӣ½ǰǱջٵľżҵģʲôãҲ֪½˵ﱻصĺΣ˵ﶨһҪ֮ԹӴϣЩ

лӽ͵ʯСպԸм

ڽӲؿؼϵãںؼáжΣһƵ۹Ŀ˹ǣڻɽҰ֮У̽ʱҪСģһطֻǿ޳ûĩ뽫ֻڱԵ̽ʱһΣǲû룬ʱѣͷޣһֻ˫ͷߣӦʮٶҲܿ죬ҪҪӱСģӽЩμºͿʱҲϺҩͿȭӣĩ֪ľôˣͼĩҲйǣʶͼѰңҵģĩҪиˣ

ڽ뿪֮ͿӡӪЪϢһ̰ɡ

ȴҡͷȥŪƾ֤ҹģֻû뵽Ҳ뵽Ǽ£Ծ˳

Ϳţһɯ֪ӹɯӰ죬Ҳ׼Щг֮һˣڴϢƬɣ˵ţͿ˧ʡ

ֻʣɯʱɯӣղſǸǸܻļһӦЩŵǿͨǸӰˣڣֻҪƹڣûйˣֻҪǻװӦòױϳģ

ӲؿɯһۣɯС࣬ҡĸ첲˵Ĳ𣿡

һЦ뻳УҲôģ

ȿ

ʱڴһɿɯȻ뵽ﻹǾдʣʱӵĻͨ죬ͷҿͿ࣬εú޲Ҹȥ

Ϳֻǵʲôûпͼһӵм׺ʵҲͳƹģһЩõҩԼһЩ֮·ϴţô

ӽӹʱ˧ʵ˧Ѿ׵ǰ̽ѾϢƵǰƾ֤˽һνףյã

ܺãӣҲˣ̰ɣһҪءͿ֡

סֺ󣬶˽գͷһģʹ˱˵꣬ɯͬ˴Ӫ

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ٴλصڣڱУͽ̸֪ˡ

ɯ˻˸ױֻһ˵ķ֮󡣵˴ԼʱҵĹʹǸ˳

ǶӿɫƺԵΪŹ֣ϲǣۣӲſˣ˵õģʱǧƤ

˵꣬ӳӵ˸ͷӣ߰ɣҶ֮£Էģֻ

£Ҫ£һźݺݵߵƨϣߵһţаءĲ㡱

ӱ֮߳ӽӹƾ֤֮󣬱ȭһҾ֮󣬱ɯ뿪

ӳ֮ƺһŲںߵһս֮ıĿ¶˳żƾ֤˷ܵһ㵸ϵķһһҲ裬ҪŹжŹ֡

ڶӵһ·¡ɯ˻صƾεεؽλõһլӡ

լӣ͸һֺܼªĸоƿš߽֮ʱһ˳ȴԵʮ֡

һȽϿĴʱ֮վЩƹˣҵϵ⡣

ӽź󣬵Ҳôƣһͦ·ĲƲġ°̧ͷٲȻһ͵ļһ

΢΢ЩǣЩƺֺװɵļƾȻͣӽ󣬾ͷ׷еش



ָоһ۵þȣƾ֤ˣҲӸӵʱˣٺ٣Χųүĸо̵ˬ    磬ôֵǶȵķëˣ

ʱһλ۾СͷͷȴԵúܻͻмǰ;Сӭ󣬾ɨĻֻۣĿɯϣͣô¡

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Ӽ״ͻȻһĵⰫԴϺ̸ܡʲôӵĸŻ㣬Ǽһȥˣ

걻Ӻһ䣬ӵգʱ⳯Ӷ˵ͷ󣬱תͷϴŻɧȥˣ

֮ˣҲ⣬óƾ֤ݰȥ壬ÿһšȥǼ磬ǵҪıһ·ʽֵҪˣ㣬һб׿Ҫȥ

ӹƾ֤ҲԵú˷ܣ̲ס˾ϴϴֵǸϴһȻǰ;Сܶϴľ

̸ܣϽӿȥ죬ҪǰŻˣСӡҲָȢˣϽһڰƨϣѸٸߡ

һ״֮еһЩˣҲܻ䣬ӻûͣͱΧסҪͨͨŪ

һЩɢĶ̸ʲôǮڶˣȻὫЩССֵС֮󣬱յһӵ󺺸ǰλӶ˼Ӷʱɫһ䣬ɫ֮һĨ֮ɫǰ˼ۺ󣬱˸

ӵλҾͲ͸¶ˣ˵ǾбϣҪܻˣҪСæˣ˴εĽףҸṩΣ

ӵҲǸʹˣҲû룬ظӦ漴ʹ˳լӣͼͣżᣬӶ˼֮ǴӵͷеӡϳɡǹȥֻɶӻԵƬ̣Ҹ˻ǲźôǹڵڣ

ӵͷɯеһǴӽ˸ȥת˻ȥʣļһȥ

ϣѲصҲܣڹŵʱ򣬲ûгʾʲôЩʿҲûĲ飬ֱӷż˹ȥֱסһƫƧʻȥӼշת֪ʲôʱļҲ

ʻƫƧһլʱͼмѾȺˣ⼸εСһ׳Ҳ

ӵƺЩ綼ѾˣӵʻЩӾѸٿʼİ˳ϵľ̳ӣͬǣԼ㶼һЩɹȡһЩֵǮĲϣȻ׼ɻõġ

Լ˲ʱЩӶܿͰ˻κ󣬱һװƵĳʻȥ

װ󡣴Ҳִ֪һЩ˵˻ڶ֮УɯͬΣһ֮󣬴Ӵܵ飬򳵶´˳һȴǳһλʻȥ

õӸӶ˵ЩʲôжӵֶεôһЩͣ˵ĽǶ˵ӼʱգȻһλ߽һ̽һ⡣

ҹ˾һɽһе᫵С·Լʱ;ڿ

ӵҲЩֶΣЩڿʱֻǼ򵥵̲³͵ĶֻŻɨһۣͷˡ

һ·˳

龭ڿʱлһĵͼڿǰԼأһֲڣһһҪĻͱҪ복ӷֵ

ڿһһͨڿɹһС֮ĹֻҪһЩɽء

ӵĳƺͨ裬Ȼһڿ˵ʱ䡣ϣϺˣҲ͵Сֻһ̳ƣ͸㶨ӴҡڵضɹСӣȥ

Χѩأʻ·ϣ΢΢ЩɬԼһʱң˷ֲڣóͣʱߵӸǰһֹ ·ƽءΧûפʮǺؼɽ磬һֱ߾Ϳɵǣ

ɾʱһӼٵžͼ⣬ٶȺܿ졣

ӸӦ£ЩеˣĶ׷Щ˿Ҫҹڵģããѩ֮УǼ顣

ѾҪֵֻǳӵ˵ ͷ󡣱ȥọ́ǰ˰أӭһж

ϵӵĳ󣬵ЩŻ˹ӿΪ׵Ľ󣬶ʱɫ

ͷֵһԶȥȵǰȥץȥˣҪˣⶨǼϸɱۡ    ׷ȥ֮ϵĽŴޣĲȻôڿҾΥƷؼдϸ뾳У˵ʲô

ŵ£ͣġתתŹѩ֮С

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ҹĭɡ̹ǣѩ        ѩ֮УһﶫȥҹֻһӰ

Ȼ漸㣬ƮɽֵشĹ𣬻һϮҺ죬ȴϨβ

еһ֬ѣãѩ֮мʻϨ

Ʊʻɽ֮ϣ˵ĸأû˿谭

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ӸͷЩʹ׷ǣҲֻˡ룬Ǹӻ᲻ǣ

ֻ֪ӵĹϵǵʵݣʹ˵ȥҲûʲôӰɣ

Ҳ˵Щ˵Ǵ͸¶Ĺ˽֮£ǴӾס˵˳Ƕ˽ƻ᲻ǶҲǸˣһδ£ûᵽ鱨׵飬ҪЩܾܲסˣ

˵䣬ƱѾ۵ɽֵش

ʱ򣬺Щ׷ͻȻֹסͷҲû׷ԭ·ء

ɽ֮غӸӦΧϢ֪ЩʿΪʲôûټ׷ϢĴڡ

ֻӷϢ֮ʱʱڰɽ֮УһĵĹâ˲Ϣ һֱﱻһĴ    ɯһᷢʲôҪ

ӣһ䱸ӦõǹΣյϢڽǿ

أ

ʱɽһӰֵһڹо

ŷ֮ʣʱǵӰǹһһֻ죬ڳ࣬ƤëЩ࣬ʯͷһĳұ

ֻұͨıδһңݼΪ˫۾׹¶׶塣һɵɫâţǰʱ﷢һɺһ٣·һ˳ڽӽʱһ

УֻұͷһֻαޣʮײУҲ塣ǳұɲǣһתһ漴һŵ߳

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һǳұĶǸ֮ϣǶ񱪵ڿһ֮ˤڵϣ漴֮󣬱ٴֳ

֮ǰһ̽Թ񱪵ƤëʮֵĺʵһžȻûиʲô˺ٴʱҲҴ⣬

ֻѱŭڷǰֻ޷ɱ֮ʱʱë𣬾һִ̣ٶ죬ֻգĹӴһȻԭʼҰɱķʽ

Ӵʱ֮ͫһƬâţضֻұӴһСɽһѹʱӽյе｣ʱٿȻʡ

ৣ

ڰ֮˸һâȣӳ¡һâŻһĻȣǳұƺӦΣǵĽյʱϬצǵ



ǽڽâұצײ֮ʱһѤĻ𻨣ұצޱȵļӲķǼӲצǱжϡ

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һֻצӱն֮󡣳ұŭʹѪĴ̼֮£һֻ񱪴ʱײбıԱ

ע⵽ֻ񱪵˲ƺǴ˼ֹ֡ǴĹ̵УƤëڿʼüӲʯʹ׺ʵһңҴһޱȺصƣһ

ұٶ࣬ʵȴǿղǸĹ̡ϸӦ쵽αڵ߱ǱܡʹƤëʯӶķӵǿ

Ͼһֻαޣûн޵ľ磬һֻͨ𵤷ֱ죬ӿҪɵ֣ǰֻαӻûнϡ

ұٴηƵʱʱҲɱ˲ųʦǿƣ׾֮Ľӿȥʱƺܵĳ̲ǹӳ£֮ɢһɵâ

˲ųı֮⡣ѩ֮ػҪ䣬ǳұʱǹɺͻȻ͡

һɲǣӲ׽ֻұڸܵޱǿĿ־壬е˲Ľ֮ƿնһâٴųεâʮֵĹ졣·ʷ £ϵķͶĹâŹᴩصǳ⻪ǰĳұն

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ǳұ֮£彩Ͳûκεķ֮ǵâ֮󡣳ұʱն룬ͬǳұһƬտѩ֮ϣٲȻնѿһĹ֡

ûѪķ֮Ϣڽұն֮ʱѾѪʹնʬһгĺһӲ

ৣ

֮һߵǳұʬǰγذףʬ֮нʬʿȡһ΢΢е衣

ڱȡ֮󣬱˲Ϣ䷢ӲһСʯͷǹӳ¡ɢһɵĳɫͬʱҲһɾţⶫˡ

Ǻ쾳磬ı䴿ʺ󣬸ӵʵȻʮԣһͷα޵ʵһλڵʦܹɻɱһֻαޣôʹͬǿ֣Ҳлɱ֮ʵ    öߵɯߣɫԻûڽƽ󣬸õģֻֻα޶ѣ

ӵĻδ֮ʱͻȻһθӦֵǿϢӽƺ

ɫһ룬ڻɯջǷ˼ɱαȡĴ㣬һƱĲӣƱ⣬ǣ㱼ж

ƱƺҲܸӦϢɱķûоָǳһЩȫشС

ҲܸܵɸϢֻӦöαޣҲǼΪ죬Ϊʲôһ˶α޳û

󽫻ĵͼ˳Ӳ鿴µͼʲôطΪʲôЩʿ׷ͻ˻أԭͼϱʶطС޴֡滹һЩɫʾʶ˵طǳΣա

һҪȥĺؼɽжεг̣ͼϵıǣˣƹƬ޴֣ȻٱϣĬĬԼڵطλ֮󣬲ɫһ䣬Ʊʻΰȫشǰ»գ

  

ҺɫɽҰأƬ

 Ƭ޴ֵıԵشһĻѩƱ̤ȥ˸ӡѩ߷죬ɽּƻص

ӣ㿴ʲô

ʱɯָɽԶǵһЩһƮȥĹ㣬ѡ

ʵͷЩƻζĹ㣬жЩ㵹⣬ֻǵǣ޴Уǿޣһ㣬ض⵽Ⱥ޵Χ

ڣѾӦõƨɺβһֻϢȽΣյĽƻޣʼǡ

ƱŲŵĺ죬ܱܿһЩ춯ĶУҲһֱӦǸһξβŸǵޣֻҪһֱٻСֻӦòģǻ۵ҰޣǶŻġ    ǵ𿿽ɽָʱǾͣԼõһ׵ʿǰһλ죬λ۵ˡ

ǰ޴֡߾һ˶֪֣ðʧ֣˵˲ϤĻȻǼϸɣҲпҪץ֮ˣʱϣ

һλ˳ȥԱߵĽ˵

ǽ߾Ǳְκοɼϸ뾳ᱻ㴫ݣյϢ֪ͨλҲǿǵϸпܲǶ֣λǰǹץ֮ˣԵϣ

ʱһλǰ̽ڵʿǰɽֱԵһδκζҪҪ֣

λΣתͷʶλˡ

һλƺӣĿǰҵʱ޷ȷ˵٣Ȼҽ޴֣ȻʵףȻҪСĽ£ֺ󣬿ڱԵΧѰҲټޣ

⣬ɽ֣ɽΧѲ飬ù¾룡

ּн֮ʱλ˶һۺȿڴΧأҶ˽ɽѰз֣ǻᷢźŸ

ҲãӦλ˱һȣǴ֡

֮ᡣΪ·޵ľס˺һЩҵһԶϮ԰ȫĵطɯȺ

˽ַĶѾӦˣڰٺɯֻڴ֮ߣͬʱųϢǼֻ޵ľע⡣

ٶȷǳ죬ڴ֮оһĨ飬Ǽֻ׷ٶҲڴΧʱ򣬻ǱһѰʿӰ

Ȼǹġ

һʿӵӰһ ֮д˸λע⣬ʿǶѸٵسﱼ

һƹ֣˴һЩѰΧʿĺѸٵ˻Χش

뿪֮ԭѲ鵽ɯڵǿϣɯһſҪɤ۵ģڻָ˼ƽǶǰЩȻᷢ١

ȻֵӵİΣǸŮӣ֪ԽʱԽΪģǽʮֲԼԸЩ׷

ӣȻڴ֮żֻ׽ԲأӦһֱδ뿪ɯצһ˲õǸʱӱ׼ϻȥʶɯ򶨱֣΢΢Ĳ٣ȽЩʿ֮УǼްһ˵

ڱһʿ٣𾯾֮ӾѸٵڴߣӦֻǸڷ֮һֻɢע



ʱһͳ޺ڴ֮УͬʱһʿĲҽʱʹַ

ʣ»ֻһֱ׷ӵ٣ڴַʱӴʱɴʿĵطȥ

ΧһӵӰ׵չֵЩʿǵǰмΧеϸץסޣ

ܵȺʱֻ׷ӵ󡣿ʿ˹ôŹĻᣬһֻ޵עЩʿȥ

ֻһӰڳʿǵǰʱʿǿֻҲڿֻһֱ޵ò

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ߵľݵǰһƣľݵű㱻ƿˣȥ֮ȻЩڰӰӵߣľݱָСݡҺлһЩ򵥵İ衣

˼￴˿˴ľƵİ裬һԹһǽϵ£һյ͵⣬ûˡ

͵ĵѾɺԣӵһЩʯͷ̳ģߣһЩ֬ƤȼյĳɷݰѧķʽȻٷŵģե֬Ū͵֮һоȼ͵ƺҲ

ɯΧӲݴɾ󡣾ͽɲݱең̵ľܴϡȻٽ̵󣬾Ϳ˯ˣ⼸ıһֱû˯þ˿뵹ͷ˯һ뵽ֻһŴҪ˯һĻ

һ뵽ɯһͿʼȣǲֻСܣһֱͣȽţЩڴ

ɽȵΧ̽һĵǼɽмİأвûдҰ޳ûûж޾۾ӣҲһƬȽϰȫĵطӹеһһ̨ϣԵɽɯΣգҲûȥ̽顣ͻص˹С

ڹժЩӣƱһЩʣµ Ȼ˼ʯͷ｣һʯԼһЩʱĳߡִֻþ޺󣬾һԵľͱ˻

ľʯͷܺһʯܡʯһˮ̶ˮ峺𣬿ɡáʯͰȡһͰˮЩľȼþ¼Ƥȥ󣬾ͷŵʯϺŽݡ

֮󣬾ͼɯڴ˯ˣƺʲôΣǹһ˿ҸЦ⡣

ϣƺˣɯ˯ĸ㣬΢ӲһЦͳݡ

ʯҪʱҪһЩӽһֻþ¼Ƥȥ󣬾衣ŵϲ𣬿ʱѾĸˣǾ͸Ŀյϲһ󣬿ʼǾ

⼸ɯһֱҰ̵ĵطÿӻ϶ô˯ɯ˯ߣһǾ

Ȼ⼸춼ǼЪҰɽУͷǺӣǳ֮ǹɴȻ˳ҲӵľЧڷ֡徻ĳ֮ЧҪ

ΪʲôһЩʵǿϹǣϲһЩɽҰ룬ϡٵĵطԭˣӷЩط£ȻԪؾչȷʵܲ

ͨǾѾ˵ڶеĵڶʮĿϵġǡˡ

ЩÿĵϵǡչҪǰӿ࣬Ӵڶ޵Բ״̬

ڶʣµĿϡĲλӵСλϣ㵽ظǵ޶Ӧϡ

Ծ泤ʱҲŽǾÿ޶ӦĿǰ⹦״˶Աȡ

ʦ׶Σܿ޵ĸڵ޶ӦظλҪĽ׶Σ޷֧ϵĿҲһʮʹ顣

Ҳ˵Ŀǰ죬ѾûκεϰҪ޵ͱﵽʦľ硣ڹҲҪǿܹϽȣͬС

 һ Բ

ҹǺзۣ𣬴ֱк¡

ɽȵףھУͷһǺк˿׷۶

ÿһ˿·ǣǺ֮еķǣ˿˸Ⱥ



ӵ޺Сÿһ֮ʣһ˿ǣƬ޺֮֯һӵķ硣

ֻЩҪǷеĹЧǾгǳǾ㷨֮⣬⡣

ڿ˵֮ÿһǺǾʹǺ֮еǳӦγɵһѱ˿ͨǳ֮ϵǳڵתӶڵľϣһɹԴԴϵ֮

Щϣֻܸͨɵתػص֮൱ֻĻʯֻһãҪӹЧҪҪĽ׶Ρ

򵥵˵ЩǵϣѾתĻѾڿʼЧܡδǵϣδתĻǼȲӰ壬ҲЧܣҪϷӸǿЧܣǾҪǷ

Ḷ́ǵĽ׶Ρ

Ŀǰ׶νеڶ޵еĵڶʮ߿ϵڿظĲλǵʱ֮лҪ֮ṩԴͨӷԴ֧ţʹϱ󻯵ļǱܡ

ҪĹǽϱ󻯼ǵ˿ǣ·һ㣬˿⣬һֱͷһѨϴк˿֮ҵӦģȻٽʹ֮໥Ӧᷢжϡ

̾ǵһȫḶ́˵ЩףѶȴ

ʱڵǣһʱҲ֮Ӧǳʱһ֮ĺķѣʹ̱жϣôǵĹ̾͵

ǲʱǰң񹥳ԵһһƽĹ̡

Ӿǿ֮£ڵȫʱųһ˿ĹͨѨϵǳӦӶǳ֮ 뾫ϲ֮ͨЩ֮ĵãϵǣһѭ

ڴʱڵĵڶʮ߿ϱͨǣھѾ൱ḻӺܿؾҵ֮Ӧǿ



ʵǿǳӦʱ򣬾ͻһǳֻ֮ͨĹ̽ӵڣγһµͨӶʹ֮ĽȼӿһЩӵܹԴԴϵάֵ֣ĺι֮ôϵǳɹĵˡ

ǵڶ֮еһϵǡ

ϣ޺ͨ޴ŵҪʹÿһ޶һţ֮ǿϣҲ൱ŵĽʹߡ

һϽ֮ʱӵСĽҲӵרע

ڵ֮ʮϵ֮ԴԴϵϾۼʹϵɳܴﵽ޳̶ȣʱ֮ͨǣǶʱʮֵҫӵĽǶȡ

ʱҪעǣӲǣһ˿ҪǣһҪǣ⣬ʵǳһҪǣޣҵǵӶΪӿڶ޴ҷʵĻ      

̣Ҫӱ׼󣬶һҪѸݿٲܣһͷǣɹˡһͷʧˣһĹ̡

˴Լʱңʧ֮һľѾ൱ḻҵʧܵԭ

Ƚ˿ǣûмȽһͷ⡣ǽһ֮ͣȻٷֳһһǣ޵Ÿ

ɺһһ˸֮һһһͷѸٵǣ⣬Ѱҵ֮Ӧķǣһͷһ̽һ㣬ޣ̽ŵޣҵǵš

ڣǣһͷҵ֮Ӧķ֮󣬵Ƿһǳ֮˿֮󣬶һͷӸо˿ھ̽ҵ谭ͨ޵Ĵš

䣡

ڳɹӵ޵֮ʱʱӵͻȻһҲһоڵ֮Ͼӿﵽһּ޺ƺҪѰµͻƿڣǵ޵ţͻƿڡ

ʱ֮űǣɹ˿ʼسŵ޵Χӿȥǵͨе֮ʱʱڵǸ֮ͻȻѸٵ˳Ҫ׼ǵĴ󽫾һ㣬ָӲű鲼˵޵ĵ֮ǰ

֮鲢ûǵţʱڳɹ˵ڶ޵һϵ֮Ҳջ֮ĿȨ

ˣڵڶ޵ҲڴﵽһԲ״̬

Բ˵ڶ޵֮󣬸оڵ֮ȷʵﵽһֱǵ˼µ״̬ǳԱ˳ŵĲУҪҵһ

ôһĨʶԺ֮л֮ӱȴǱ֮´ﵽŵ

֮ڵõӵ֮󣬴ʱָʼ޵ŷǿҵĳ棡



һγûб忪Ӹоڹɾҵ𵴣ѪϵڷڣƽϢһ֮󣬴ʱڶγֿʼˡ



һΣŵĹƸӵǿңھҵĳ󡣴ʱڱһǣһ֮ѾͨƽѾڵĵ֮С

ʱһ𶯣ǹ޵֮ӦϣǲƵŷǿҵһγ

䣡

ҵĳʹһ֮ι֮бĵˣǡʱԽԽӹһʵʩһμҪþ֮ǿ֮󣬴ʱǵ޵ڱƣ

ű֮ʣµ֮ʱǾ̵ĺˮһ㣬ӿڵĵ֮С

֮еѨȫǷյģЩ֮ͺֻ˵ͼȴûҵءڵ֮εһȦ֮󣬾һλصǰ֮УõǿӲ֮ǸİεȥԵʮֻԾ

һεﵽֽ֮Ҳûټƽ֮޸¿ĵ޵ܱߵ磬ֽ֮е֮ﵽ״̬֮ˡ

۾֮󣬾ͼѾˡǰһ˫ˮӣһգһգԼ˰

 һ 

ɯ°ͣӵĶ棬֪ҴšԾգҲ˸

˹۾֮ȵط֣Ƕһ֮Уƺ˸ķǣоֻصǹ貵ҹɫ£ʮֵ档

˰ɣôȳԣⶼһˣվϡȼţʯⶼѾˣһ硣

һԣɯعվ󣬱ϵĻҳȻ׼õˮϴϴɡʢ

ɯһ㶡

ĴƺЩһѾԼ͸ǼΣõҲ£»һ׳ƹŮӴķΡʢʱרעĶӣּҵľޣͶ֮䣬Ȼ̬֮֮ϣſ飬ټľ绪֮ ìһʱһĸܡ

ɯʢ֮󣬼ӿ㶣ɴһƷϴϴԷʲôѽӣ

Ȼ˵ϵǹ飬ȴôҲֻΪһš

Ŷӻع󣬾ͽϴ˺öȡ»ָգǻЩȵˮϴ˰Ȼڡ

ʱɯصӰһ׳ӵ·ӽԭЩõ£ֱӰ·ϡȻٰͷһӴʱǼ֮д㿡šԳգĮ֮͸һ飬ɯҲһɵãֻܷܷ֣̲סǿ֮ϡ

ӵָϣоһ˿͸룬ֱģƺһӴ֮ĳңƬƬ

Ҳһͷʹ˼ȥǶԾӨᴽ

ĴϺɯƺڻһ㣬ĻȻǵɬľ룬֪εء

̫ĹƬɽȡͶӵǵϣӲӣǹеĻ䣬ʱҲţӳ龰

ӵãȻֿžӨϣĺΣع͸˶ɬѳĻӻС

磬ܻȥϹһ˿΢Ц漴ͽݡѵõһܰ͡

Թоһͼ

ɯǸСһʰľݣﵱļһġ

ʵ֮УܿһֱȥȥЩʹ飬ҲӱܻһЩ    ֻǣв֪ҸܳáһԼĸףһԼİˣѾˮջбһ죬ʱָȡ᣿

ӿͼ֮׼ɽûʲô£ɯ

ʱ뵽ƬϼصһĹǾͻصУƬ˳ɯɯһʺŮĹС衷ǸһֹڹʱԼɣͰ⹦ݽ

ɯӹۺ󣬵ͷȻϸΪϵݣ

ԼʱңӸݼ佫ⲿеɯһٻ裬һ֮󣬱ΧѲӣʲô¾ʾ

һɯУĿȥ˺ɽ ʰһӣҲû¿裬ξŮ㣬ˡ

ｲͨӡɽ֮󣬹ȻһɽϷһͤӣɽ

Ǵɽмͻ߶ĸ磬ɽиġ

Χ˸ӦֻޡһЩͨҰ֮⣬ûо쵽쳣ǱϵǸͤУԶĴΧľ۵ס

ֻȺɽƣ·ձڣƬ̵ĳɽ֮Уľɻһλðĸܡ

ͤӽ¿һƬϡɵ֣ΧŸ滨ݡʻֻЩɢǵһƬյ֮ϣһǱͤӡ

֮ǰΧǵһ֮ӺȻȻأǰĹ

ӽڸĹҰƵ֮󣬾ͼĹ֮ϿּһƲߵĸĸĹһĸ׵Ĺ˵Ʋߣʱʾǰ

ĹΧɨһ顣ֽƲ߸ĸĹ֮ӿ˿ĹﻹţĹҲû壬ǾĨȥĹϵ֡

ĨȥĹϵ֮󣬾ͷ˶ߣĹƺ˫ģ»һ㡣Ҳ֡

ӽһпͼһȻ֡ᵽ˻ɵ߷Ѱ



ӱóͼͼǵͼ֮ϱʶһΣյشһǿ޳ûĵطж߷塣    뵽˻ڴǸ͵ʯ߷壬ͿƲ߶ᵽ˵һǸҪĵطʯܣ˵ҵ𰸡

ںɽ︽ѰһأҲδٷƲʲôСЩ滨һЩ뵽ƶ߷Ը޵ķ

ǽЩ滨ݲժһЩȻصУһЩʯͷľͷæſһЩ׵Ĺߡ

ɯõĹʱִޣ֮ʣдһ񣬵ֲʧеĽϣȹһλٳס

ⲻһרŮĹξɷֽ趯֮ʱаصâӿĳҡܵһ֧趯ӵӾʢ硣

ʱһһεĹȥһƬҸ֮пţ֪һȻ

ɽ֮Уû϶ǰϺеֻ紺һů

еĻʼձҷƬʵԴʤ֮Уʱ֮УһֻŴԻѩ¹ıϣһһЩҩش

ľݣʱ

ɯϵһΧȹһλȺɷСӣڼҷæʰʱҲտŹķˣԼ˹

á

ЩӣÿöֵĳʵϣҸ۵ЦݣʼնŨŨ

ÿڼϴ·һЩһжľȻǧʼʱ񶼲ͨ˵һֱŬѧϰҲǳ졣

ϾʱæʵоĵĶʱͻһϰ裬Ϊİ˶赸ǳϲڿ赸ʱ̾Ϊĳ۵飬ϰʱҲӵڷŬ

Ϊ÷ɵ̬ʹɯڶⲿϵչϣʮֵѸ١ԼҲûз֣״̬֮£߼ʦƿϢ֮УȻͻˡ

ֻǣæһ£һ׼ڽһҲǳ׵ˡǽǵ֮̽ã

лˮ쳯񡣡ʷ߼λֵܵĴͷ֣

 һ ߷

߷壬˼壬ھһؼɽУɽ ª,塣ֲŴĶޣӶ

һ޴ն֮ء

ܱ߷ֲŴʪأƣ߻ţһ֮ء    ӱɯһգɽеȺ򣬵ɯļִţʹջǸӵĽŲն֮ء

ͨĶߣӶԡûʲôвɽæһ£һЩԸ޵ġ

ɯڶ߷ܱߵĴ֮еʱ·ǾҩˮݹģһµϢͨĶߣڸܵϢ󣬱ӱܿǽ䱸

˴бҪĿֻ꣬˫ͷߵġ

ǰӽĴĻߵԼϰԵȵȶоĺϸˡ

ֻ߷һôӦòȻ֮жеĴַ򣬸һɽݶĵһģӲĻֻǿ˫ͷޡ

ȻλѴʱƵҩԸģ͵ޣҪСġ

ɯȻǸ¸ҵŮӡߣŮӵıƺЩ֮⣬ͨж߷ΧĴֵشʱʱȺĶϣڲݴǶˮݵС֮ߵǣߵ԰

ʱЩ߽ӴɢϢ˱ܣɯɫǻǴ߶Щף§ļ磬Ͱο

ͨǰһ֮ɯеǹɾ⣬ƽϢҲӦȺ߱鲼ն񻷾

˲˻

һЩβ߸ټʱ춯

һֱڸӦȺ߱鲼Ļ֮УûǿϢȻͨ߻·ҩˮϢα߾ޣҩˮֻ񣬲޷𵽽˱ܵãοǿޣעҪġһߡ

һ·ϣΪɯϸؽߵķ࣬ԼԸߵһЩɺͷͨߣһߴ硣ܽɯޣҪ׼ҪλȻһ޷ɱĻҲܽˡ

߷µɽΧشԽ룬ԽӽǶ߷ɽʱΧǿһЩȻЩûгΪޣȴѾ˾޵Ϣ

ЩûгΪ޵࣬ӲûȤɱǣЩ߲ûоԪûɱļֵ

ֻǽΪ޵ߣɱȡԪŻЩֵǿһЩαޣҲкܴʻеαҲֻϵȵľԪҲҪġ

ӣ㿴

ɯֵشڼǶ߷ɽشʱƷɯƺʲô쳣㳯һһָ

˳ɯָķȥӼһʬһֻε߾ޡ˼Ѿɱߵ;ԪѾȡߣʱʬһЩֻʳָɫڿʬ塣

߱ɱʱ䲢ǲ֪ǱʲôɱģСıǣӣһ䡣˼н

˰֮ӾͿʼ֣һ·ʬԽԽ࣬һЩ߾޵ʬ壬Ǳȡ˾ԪߵûЩ߾Ǳʲôɱġ

ڶֵ߳ش֮󣬴ʱɯͻȻһͽرӵĸ죬ͷﲻҿд˺



üͷȥһЩߣǰһݴԱߣʱ̾ŴĶߣȺСһ˵ʬ壬ʱѾЩ߿ҧĿȫǣҲ̶á

˵ʬǳƹߣϳһѴһ⣬ûĶ¡ȻĲһˣӦûͬ飬Ӧҧж޾ȣͬռĶ

ֻ̣ĳƹһ߳ǾҲңԶȻɱȡ͵Щ˵ձ᲻˫ͷޣѾʡ

ǸȥʲôǷ֣Ӷһ֮󣬱ɽشǰС

ǰ˿һЩ߾ޡҲǾʬӺɯһ·ǲûʲôΣյߣǵĽ̼ӿһЩ󡣺ܿɽһˮ̶߷һֻʣ˵ɱ߶顣

˴ʱˮ̶ϢǶһŮһλ޳ƽЩԺˣͷһձñΣӷǿһĹ

һŮеƤڣĽ׳ҲһСӣ֮γɼ󷴲ԱȵλŮӣŮı޳Ƥݣüۣ촽ֻüй̬֮ţ˵һ۵ĸоλŵŮӡ

ˮ̶Ϣ֮ʱӺ˿ھƣһֱһذСռߵ;ԪλȴڱĿϢʮֵĻڶߡ

һλʦһλżһλ˼ʦϵ˶顣

ڣռٿ߾ߵˣʱŮذ׺̧˺һʡ

ףռ˶ʮ߾ʮϵȾߵʮһ߾ʮߵܴ룡

¿壬ǻҪҪɽܻͷ˫ͷߣڵĶʵ¶ԸͷǿߣŮӶԺ˵

λе¿Ƶĺʱ۾һ˿â֮󣬱λѣǺι˵أˡǺĿģβ̸̸

˵꣬λŮɫһ䡣Ҳʱڵվ䱸ȴýšֻǺߣӦòͬĿģ

Ȼ˷ˣв졣

ɯҲоʮֵľȣӡԭǱ˷ˣô죬ҪҪȥ

ûЩˣǻһҪáģҲգǹȥ˵꣬ɯӴ˳ˮ̶ߣ벻ɽҰ롣λɱȡҲǼϡ£

Ů۲Σһ󣬶ʱ۾һһЦݵ˵ҲѽԵϣ

ߣ꾫ɯŮӿֱȴЩˬһ

λȴɯȻˣͷЦת˹ȥֻǺɫ䣬ƽشӡ˺Իɫ

ȤӽЩ˵龡۵ףĮɨŮһۺĿ䵽˺ϣֱԵǴ߷壬ΪѰһ֪λΪΣ

ƷΣǳƹˣڿڣȴû˵ص㣬˵ݡ

 һ Ų

ӵλܷ⡣˫Ŀͬôƾֶΰɣˡ㣬ɯߣ

˵ţӱǣĻ֣׼ɽ

ȵȣ

ŮʱǰסӶˣǴҪΪ˴ʮ߾ʮŸߵһҶǾõģӦòҪѰҵĶгͻɣ

˵ţŮ۾գգӵ磬ǽУҲиչˣΣ

ŮƻӡɯŮֱӵͲˬ

ȴ˰֣Ůӵ˵߷һ˫ͷߴڣǶɱͷûȤ

˵ţӵĮؿŮһۣ⣬ҲضķʽԱ˻ãҶԣֻҾǱģ

ߣɯʾԵƳŮһۣӵĸ첲˼ɽشȥ

ŮӼȻӲãЩ٣˶˻ߺߵصǸľͷˣ    ꣬־ΪǿҶ̾磬Ըͨ߻ЩãԴˣȻû˿ЧֵֻǡҾȻΪǳ˸ų־ƥģֻϵ߲žֻ߱ʮ꣬ʵ޷ţ

ʲôʮǿߡǸǿʦʱɫһ䣬˺˵ĻҲǾò˼飬ӵȥ򣬽Щ

ŮҲǵ˿һΪֻǸͨʦԭ˵ţתתƺĥʲô

˿źӦüʶˣűڶʮ;żʦȥڳƹǵһţ󣬱ղλ֮Ĳ࣬ʵ̫Զˣ㻹Ŭвн

ǣ¿壬ҵļʶǷխˣһŬģһᶨ˵ٴӶ뿪ķȴ룺ǿϧѾʧȥ׷Ůӵʸ񣡡

¿壬ҪҪһɽǲҶģҲɱֻ˫ͷģʲôŮӺ

Ϊ߷Ƕδ˵ģǸȥվ󣬱㳯ɽȥ

ĻŮЩ⡣¿壬߷ʲô˵ôû˵

˱ߣƺڻ룬⻹ҵ常ҵģ߷һδ˵£ԭﲢж߷壬ԭ壬һ˵еľŲ

ǾŲϹʱһ˵˻ޡֻҪģõһ̥ǵɱᣬӰԪ

ֻǺλʥ֣֮õͻƣѰҹһʱ䣬һֻǿʥһֻͷ߻ػǴսʮҹʥһλûейֻʥޣȫûҲһ룬ǾŲﳹʧͷʥҲʧ١

ֱдĶ֣߳˴˵֤̽ﶾȺ̫󣬺˽ɱΣЩԽɱԽࡣӽģǳƵĴʦ˵ﱻ䣬Ϊ˱߼ܣΣƹգ˵ͱĳ⣬ƽΪɣ߷ֱ˸ı͵Ǹ˵Ȼ֪˼ˣ

ԭﻹôһδ˵ֻʱȷʵУŮҪѰңҲһ֪ЩˣֻΪʲôǣص

¿Ƶʦ˵ﱻ¹䣬ΪĶ߱ɱԽ࣬ͷܵԽ죬Ǹ˵ͺЩߵķܷʼ½Ҳڽ٣˵͸֤ʦ˵֮¡Ȼ֪ԽԽˡ

ŮǣҲǵ̰Ǵ˵ѾʧľŲ߷ؼɽһı߾գ

ŮѰ˼ŵ¿塣˵һ᲻ǴĴ˵ܵǴ˵еľŲģ    Ҳȷȥ֪Ҫʲôˣ˵ţҲɽ϶ȥ

ɯԽɽн·ȺԽ࣬ȻɯѾӦȺܲĻ˶Ķߣڴġ

ӿЩĶߡҲЩͷƤ顣·ϵϢͨ˱ܣЩǿһ߾޻ǻǷ𹥻

ʣһնɱһͷ߾ޣɯޣһܻߴ磬ȻҲһ޵ȻҲǲС

߾޾һЩҲȫӶӸӦǣβǹĲ̫ԶǼ˾ͷ߾޵עǵĿľɱȡԪߵġ

ʱնɱһ߾֮׼ǰ֮ʣͻȻһǿϢƽо壬ɯСģʼα޳ˣ

ɯޣӵǰ壬۲ΧߵĶֻǾïܵĴɯϵĶ֮ʣȴϵһЩֵķţӡϺЩšм仹ͼоϤ

ͣһ񣬱ɯָǸȽϲ̫׷ֵλãȻЩţе͵ͼȻԼǸεʯʮֵơ

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Ѱ˼˵Щźرǿ͵ͼͼ뵽ͻȻһٴϸ۲͵ķλһͼѰһλһλ᲻˼ء

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Կɡ롣ɯ˵ĻҲмֵ˳εָʹܷʲôҲһܱͷӬһײҪá

ǣӰϵ͵ļͷʼѰ֮ӦλáһмĵطϸĹ۲֮£ӷϹȻҲַţεͼָʾλãҪǼɽش

αȻûз֡ǵҵĸı֮һһӰӴǿĲݴӹ ʱӵľע⡣ⲻӵеӰӣ˵Ӱӡ

 һ 鶯СԳ

Ȼ˵ӰƽǧǲҰˣл߷̽Ҳʱ޷¶ۡ

һӵǿԿ϶ܹϢһӦˣҲ֮ɯһ֮󡣶˼̽ӵӵļУӵĽ

ĻĴεǸָʾλãнɽʼҪҵĵطεıǱȽһۣҵͺֱ۵Ŀǵͼ

һ֣ӸӦ֮̽ʱ֣ѰЩѰнλõʱܱƺû߾ޣαһ֣߳ԽӾɽеĹŹ֡

ǶнٶȡʱѾ˵λãǵˣѾ˦˺档׸ӦˣһʱǸˡ

ʱɯͻȻһӣ㿴ʲô

Ӿ˳ɯָķȥ漴ϵı͹ŹΪתͷʱʲôûпǱɯ㿴ʲôҾȻҲӦʲô֣

ɯҿ˸ղ˵Ǹʲô˵ӰӣղҷӰӴβͣˣ

ˣԽ棬૵ѲɻǺӣһĶ

˵ţֿʼоʯϵͼ׼Ѱһꡣʱɯֽӣ쿴ֳˣҰأ

Ѹתͷ׽һĨѸټӰӣķǸӰȷʵβֻͣȴʮơɯȻӦÿʲô˰ɣ

ɯֻǰԳĸͷëɫѩɫġС࣬ܿɰҲ֪ΪʲôҰһתûӰˡ֣

ĪɫˣͻȻЦţ¶Ž׵

ɯ⻰бһۣչ飬Ƥᣬ˭ˣ

٣벻ż˸ղŮһ棬Ͱ˼ҹ˵ıѧˣҪյأⲻǹôЦ˵ţȴΧ

ɯһ䣬תȥϵǹЦ⡣ȴģɾ֮£ʱͻȻ֮һڡ

͵ɯҪʱ򣬴ʱͻȻգգ۾ɯһۣ˳ʾķλȥ

һΣΪͻȻĶĿֻСԳͼСʱһϣ֨֨ҽУץƺԵúܲˡ죬͵ĺȺӿǺܿɰ    ȻһֻӵǵѩԳвͬʱҲ΢΢ֻСԳꡣҲûеϢţֻǿЩƤˣŮӣ۾ͻϲ

ӸϸµĹ۲·֣ÿֻСѩԳĵطе߶һѸߣЩǿһЩ߾Ҳ⡣ֲһ·Ѱͼʱ򣬲ûзʲôǿ߾ޣԭС֡

룬ͻȻһɯСͦкøУҲһֱǣӰЩԵĶ᲻ӣСѩԳ̽Ľܹӿ࣡

ɯ룬СѩԳ˿ǱӰЩʳСѩԳ֣СѩԳģԥ

ɯֽʳﶪ˹ȥСѩԳĶʮֵѸ١ٽס֮󣬾һϡʳȻɯ˼ۣСڳ˼ڣ漴һԾȫ̽û°⣬ͳɯһϡǵľֽ˼ĻɯļٶȡСѩԳƸ

ÿɰҪҪԵģɯСѩԳһϺһֱ棬ʱƨʲôģܿɰ֪ӶѱЩ취ӡ

Գǻһͨ޶ҪߡľҲǿԵġȻЩøУܼǼǰУ᲻ǣŵĻٶ棬ʹˣô˵Ҳֻڶˣ

ţɯͷǸӵĽ檣ǰУͷȴѵҪܻͷһֱǣһӦõģ

˵ţӸʯϵıǡһɵһʯ̨ҹ۲£ͷָα̾һƬݴ֮СΧȺӽǸطЩߵҲԶԶͷ

ʱɯҲӾͷЩʱƺͻȻܵ˾һ㣬Ѹɢ١ЦЦСһﻹǸˣ

ûнһѡɯҲҲûȥСԳ˼Ƹһĵطи

Լʱңһʯ̨ķ϶䣬ڷ˵ǣҪɯǰеʱ򣬴ʱһӰһĴһϴڵǵǰͷͼСԳʹضɯҡͷѩ׵ëʲôµĶָĵطҪֹɯȥ

ȻǸСһӳǰԳָĵطԶԶȥͼأģѱ档¶һЩϺ֮ϣ̹ŴĶߡ߾޾Ӷ࣬мαڸӦһѨ˵˫ͷѳڡ

ʯָʾıǣþѨֹжЩģɯɯ㶺õԵĸܲŽӽ

ɯôˣǾһϸ٣СԳСԳʱٺٵЦۼ㿪ʼúܿġ

һᣬɯóЩʳСԳһĵ֨֨Уͣػ֣ɯ˹ȥѸٵؽסʹ̳

СԳɯóʳλûеӣǰԳʹ˹ߣͶɯɯųӽ˼ûн䱸Ǳ߽֡

СԳɯֹȥǽ䱸ȫİë˿ɯ󣬰ëȥɯѩ׵ķëʱһ£ɯûʲôΣյľٶ

ɯ˼º󣬼ӳҡͷʾ⣬Ǿʱ֣˻

СԳɯһ֮󣬶ɯĽѾͺܶˣеʳ֮ĶƤͰ͵ɯûԱӣɯóʳ

һֱһｫɯʳԵ֮һĶƤɯ档    ɯСһһһֱĵڵȺһֱСԳǵĽһν֮СԳͻȻһϣȻǻӻӸ첲Ҫȥһط

ߣӼСԳеرˣɯЦЦ˱СԳɽһȥȥķλȴѨƽеһɽ

ֱɯСԳߵïܴλ֮һɽǰԳͣʱӰӴһ߻ιӶʱ

һΣķЩӰӣӰ˲俴ģǼ˵ӺܹŹ֣ȻҰˣ

СԳѵģҰ˾סĵط֪Σ½ װ ׿ڸ֧࣬ߡ֧ĶѮɹӰ橲һ

 һ 

ӾƺЩԤ֮ˣԽԽù

˵Ұˣ˵壬СԳŸ첲ƺɯɽ֮ʱʱûô·ġҰˡסСԳȥ·ͬʱ䱸

Ӳǣû·ġҰˡȻŮˡǰһСӻֻһƬҶ״ƬĶסһ㡣¶˳ǵеƷһЩͷĶֻ˽һƤߡһ̧Ȼȣˡ

Щ˵Ƥһֲ̡ǴӶڳŮˡǵĲϾȻɫʰĶߣǶӡ

ɯͻȻð˼Ĺˣ俴ǵ²ӣߺһۣ

֨֨

СԳЩ˺졣һ˵ĸǰѽѽ֨֨ؾһͨҽлֱȻţٲʱָָɯǱɫӲʱҲῴɯɵú    Ӵ˵ʱ˳۲ΧĻΧ߻ţǶڵУӸоõﻹиĶߣֻЩ˹ŽǶ߶ȥƺûκεӰ졣

ݾжϣӾҲֻŻӣֻЩ˵Ǹʲô壬һʱЩ壬Щ壬ûԭʼԽҲѽѽѽѧԭʼ׶Ρ

СԳһ֮ͨ⼸Ů˵еһλϹͷƷԶһŮǰ䱸صӣ漴ѽѽ˵һЩ߰󡣾һֱֵ֣ؤһ

ƣ˵ֶӦ볯Ҫʲô˵ʲôҲʮַѽ⣬ʱСԳ˹ѽѽҽ˼Ȼڵϻ˸Ρ

һͼͶʱˡǾʹӻｫǿεʯ˳Ů˳ʾһۣȴûн

Ů˿ǿεʯ֮֮һĨϲļ⣬â֮ǱӵǰһĤݣʹӴ˺ð춼ûлع

ӣʲôѽɯЩŮǷ׷ĤӣҲԵʮֵԻ󲻽⡣

֨֨

ʱСԳӰ˸֮󣬾ֱӱ˹ļϣץͷˣ䣬ʱͷƺһ̸ûһиǴ㵣ⶫ֮ǰôǳӣѵǸֵεʯԵʣ

ʱǶ֮ͻȻ߳һλùռߣ߸ͷ͸ݣƤŰƣϰбһ£ŰƤۣͷϴһͷƵֵͷñӡ¶ĺܹ࣬Ź֡

߳󣬳ӿ˼ۣȻţüͷ漴ٿõǿʯ۾һЩͣԵʮɬǿ׵Ե𣬣ˣҫʯ飬ף

˵ţֳһƺҪǶ߱鲼ֹ 

ƤЩƤͷƤ飬ɯĸ첲ƺɽЩ£˳ٳٲϽȥ

ʱ߶ЩŮѽѽ˵ЩʲôЩŮڶڷһĹֽУ漴ͼǶ߲Ƭ̾һգٴ˸ơ

Щڣﵹ̹ˣǱɯߵĽŲɽСԳӵĸǰСһһһģҡһΡܵƤ

ɽ֮ЩʪһŵϢ˱ǣɯűӣɫЩѿСԳ󣬾ͳɯע⣬һ˹ȥҸడģ俴ɫѿ

ӵȤصСƽ˵Ӧỳģ      

˵ţͼСʱǴϺֽ֭ɯɯüͷȴӦġⶴйϢо綾ӦжģӹԱ֪

ôû£ɯɫ׵û˿Ӱ־ͽСԳӹţ漴˱ϡйɵζڸоˣûͷζĵĸоˣ棡

ӵһͷСԳϵϢͬѰЩ߻ҲΪϢԵʣңҲ֪ΪʲôЩϢûӰ죬ҲŲ

Ȼ˵ףϢϢȷж֮ⶴǹŨϢȻûӰ죬ǼҲֻǸ⣬ҲûбҪ

ɽػءԹһ߶಻ʤǰŮЩ߶˿Ӹɽ˺һŴһ˳

ǶڣǰһƬȻʣȻЩйܴһ޴ɽһԭʼ˲΢ʹׯ



ʱɯͻȻһӾ£ͼǰԼɳˮͰִľէһЩŵ˵Ļ꣬ӼˣɫҲе㷢ףμֱֲ̫ˡ

ӸӦϢҲֻϵȵľޣֻ벻ͨΪʲôôβǾޣ֪ǳͷαҪСüѾޣ⵽Щ֡

ֻƺȽ˳߽˶Ǿ˽䱸ԴϢʲô¶ûзһżǰУʱлеģɯɴཫͷҿ

֮ѨһĵͰʮֵļªһ󲿷ֶɽסһЩˣӸ߽ʱ˾ͷ׷״ӶѨ˳䱸Ǽ԰İˡ

˶²ġЩСӵˡûжסǶߵɯһֱǽ۾ҽͷӵĻó

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ʱ֮кһ䣬ʱ֮еǾͻȻһͶΧӶתȦȦеŵɯСס

Ҳ̫Ȼ֪Щ˵Ҫʲôڿû⡣

Щ˻֮˵˼䣬Щ˾Ϳʼæƺ׼ʲôʽ

ŹֵĵطԼʱңʱͻȻٴһˣ˵ţ㳯еһɽ

ȥ

ɽ֮ûһߴڣɾ ȻγɵģЩȻۣʮƯϻˮСϪһӸߴʯͷһһ߹һ

ĹЩӷ͸һԭʼصϢһ鷢ʯ̨ʯ̨·ΧƷӦЩǼĵط

һЩǷ׷׽뵽֮к󣬰ϼƷϵع棬һ֮󣬱㽫Ӵʯ̨ǰ

ߵʯ̨ǰʯ̨ϵͼ֮󣬶ʱ˼صɴ˼辦    л֮ԴֵСĲ֧֣лˣֵܵĺ񰮣лʱ쪰ʷëֵǵ֧֣࣬ҲرлҶֵܵģллңֻмˣĩûмӸҼ£ºһҪĴ֮ʣܱһһ·ߵڵĳɼ

 һ ˵л

ʯ̨ƽϡһܻͼǸͼ գ֪ʲôϻƶɣͼзֱȥĲۿס

ǣۿ׵ͼεͼ

дʱΪ𾪣ǲۿ֮ѾǶεʯƺֻһǡþдǸεʯ飬ΪεʯһģһΨеľǣÿεĽӦķλͬ

һ飬ӽǸ˳Ȼ߻ȵĿ֮УǶ뵽һۿ֮С

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ʯǶȥ֮ͻȻһ죬һ΢ĲһĻʱڳˡ

ͼʯ̨ʱɢĿĹââЩۣǶĲʯͻȻ俪ʼ½

䣡

ʯݵƽ̨ƽʱ򡣴ʱһҵĲӾͼһͨƽƽĶڴʱǱ˻һ˿

ֳһ֮һ˱ǶӺߵǸڿһۣʱɴ۾

֮ϣһˮһĵطˮ̶ˮΪ峺͸ҸЩˮϴʱһЩֲ޵Ļ䡣

ˮ̶һߣһЩӨ͸ʯͷķ϶֮䣬ƬҶӵӿƬҶӵ뵽ɽǰҪѰҵҶȫ벻֮л֮Ҷ

ЩҶ֮УһЩмֲͬɫȵȣеɫʣе֣ϡǻʵģһ⻷ΪɫֲͬɫʣԵƺһĽ

߼֮ɫԵüΪ漴һ˽˼˻ȥ

Ƭ˻ӷһͲԵĺʥһص˹߽ӹͲ֮󣬱ֺ֣صؽӡ

ӽӹǿͨͲǺ棬Щ˲ܻһͨƽͲģǾʹͲֻһֻܹӵ»һš

ûӽŴ˿û뵽žȻƲµģ˵Ҳطֻһ鿪ⶴԿסһѾʧԾţԺԵ Ʋߵ˴һԿͨЩ˵İҵУѰƥһԣ˳ҵ㵽ƹѰ֮ƥһöָ漰һܹϵĴ˵ϼ屻࣬ϣԵܹУƲ߶к񱨡ǿɻһ߲ģǧ򲻵̰ػߣ̰ɱ֮

ţӲ֪ԭЩ˶ˣٿ˿ǿܹӣҲᣬʣܱ߻ϵͼ뻨ơûʲôر֮Ǿߵ ͷ

漴ӽĶ֮С

ȻƲᵽ߽˶֮󣬾ͷֻһңλߵʾ£Ӹҡ

ŽңһͼһֻͷڣɣԲԻʵĻʯʹҵ룬һԹӶ͸Ƶġ

ǻʯӰƽϢͼǻʯ£Ĥ

Ӵ£ҵгԻʻʯ֮⣬һߵĽ仹ЩɫƬ˿Ƭú죬ʱ֮пЩƬЩɻôб

УʱĿ봦ļ֣߲ʹâš˿ʵ壬ƻð֮оֻô꣬һع£Եۼ쳣

뵽£漴߲ƿĿ⣬֮пʼĴѰƲ˵ֻ֮֮ЩطˮأЩˮؿҪЩѶȡ

ʱĤԻվ֮ñʹţ漴ܵһˮرϣȻͽˮ֮Уһ漴۾һһĹƲµǸһģһΨһµģǸʮ־Զˡ

˵İܹ˳ҵӵһǱӹߵݹ

ӹ֮ӵ䵽ʪֱ֮ܵϣطԭݸɱֱ۽ǳˮ֮󣬾Ȼָֻ͸˵ֱһ׳ĶѨùŹֵˮѽ

ԼҲһЩˮûиоʲô֮ͬߵƤӱȻˣˮһЩãϾͨʲͬ

߰ҵֳ֮ԻʻʯĤһӳҵʱʯԻͻȻ£Ӿ£תͷͼʯԻʵĵʼѣһŵڸǰ˵һЩԡ    ϸӦ£ʯԻʷѵ񲢲ԭ򣬶ɽΧһǿ𵴣Ǳߴƣ˵ȻΧûʲô

ߺףƺ뵽ʲôǱܳҡ棬ż˵һѣͼЩ˵ĶʮѸ٣һһѸٳ˶

ӳ֮󣬵ⶴʱͼλŮһƤΧһȦھмСԳɯҲڸתȦȦʮȤ

ӳɯȻͨ죬㰲˹ӡҵǳȥɣ

ţӵͷ׼Ҫ߸𣬴ʱͼ߲֪˵ЩʲôλŮʱȥһһľ˹ߵС

ľӣߴﹾ˵һѣȻ֣صؽǸӽϵҫŶЭм㣬

˵꣬ͰǸӽУӴһۣͼһЩ֪ʲôҶӰһþ״һӨ͸ĹһĶɢ߲ʹâӲ룬ⶫпܾ߲ġ

Ҳӽλߵл˵Ҫ뿪߱ԴӳѨ

ӳ˶Ѩʱûκ˵ע֮Уʱ֮УʱͼʯԻͻȻһȫɢ

ɢɲǼ䣬ͼһ߲ʹâҴһ״߲СʱͻأشɢʯԻʵƮ˳䵽ˮ֮ˮؾǱŽһպʱ͡졣

һɹˮܿɺԣͼˮصµһһȭͷСĵڴʱͻȻ˼£漴㷢ѣһ߲ɫķӰӣ˳漴Ѹٵһ߲ʵ֮вӰޱȵĹ졣

 һ 

ɯߴӶѨгʱƽӸθ̧һȥߵ˶Ѩſڡ

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ļһǱҧѾϣʱọ̈̄жһ

˻ϢЩ˲̧֪ʲôӶ߱ȷ ˼£Ѱ˺³ȥ̽ˣǶѽѽ˵Щֻ˵֣ˣ

в죬ǺʵȻǸŮ㣬Ҳȫ𣬿Ǻܴ˫ͷߡҷ˴򶷲ǳߡ

ȻѾˣҲû˼ǶˣһϢӣӦûа취ⶾǱͷһͷ漴˹ֱǻ˿ڴһ˳ЩķһЩĶͿĨ˿ڣָһЩЩʮֵѸ٣ܿϵĶԾѾȫˡ    СԳЩĶűһҽУԼƨһͨУɫŹ֣еʲôⶾǶĶӦСԳķ㡣

ȥ֮󣬺ѪѭҲܿףҲӱȻ˼ˣȻסԼҡͷ˼ΪЩ˱ܡҪ֪

ӵͷ߲֪˵Щʲô˻֣ǽɽͼЩߴʱһζ۵ɽܱߣɽ

ʱǺܿתѡӲд̾˽ⶾ棬ղŻȫЩһϢôתѹǱ۾ˣǲߣ

۾֮󣬾ͼһ˫һ۾ɽϣſڣЩ˵ң

Ҳǰɡӵоô

Щĵ󡣸оȫҲڻָţ漴תҿ˿ͿɯˣСԳ󣬶ʱ۾ɵϴ󣬾ѩԳ߷ôд˵еѩԳ񰡣ѵֻþ𡱡

Ҳú棬ҲûСԳֻǵڲʲôѩԳ⣬㻹ûлشҵ⣿

һ⻰ˣɫһɽ;Уȷʵͷ˫ͷߡǾ߽սʱߺͻȻһ͵Ϯ˰ȣһºӽɽ䲻Ӱ¿ڻʱҧˡڳӵʱ򣬺ܵùһα͵Ϯҧ˺󱳡ֻûԶͻԹȥˡΪҪˣ벻Ǿҡ

ӵȻѾˡڰɣǻǸϿɽɣﲻ˾

ʱͻȻվСұȥҵ¿ʬ壬ҪȥᣬҪûѰҵҩǴоûκε壬ֵܣٰܲһΣм˵šһֿĿӡ

ӣǰɡˣʬ׶޷ȥĻɯЩͬ˵

ǺðɣȥɣӳԳһۣҲʹӦˣڣǶߵҲ壬˵꣬͸Żյĵطȥ

ǸѨλãյĵطʱ֣֮ǰ̽ʱĵط󣬾ͼһʯ̨棬һƤѾϣѾûϢʬ壬λ˵ġ

¿塱һҪ˹Ի˦Ѯɹɡɣȴסʬ嶾ɢĻ»жǻǽ̧ɽʬգĹǻ߰ɣ

ͷȥ˵һߵ߾ߵԽץŵһҶ

ӾڸЩľͷһ׵ĵܣ˽˵ʬŵɽ¶ȥ

ֻɽµʱȻ侯ʲôһתͷͼԶһƬԲľӷ϶Ѹٵ˵ĶѨ֮вӰ

һĻ·ϣж御йŹ֡

Ӵɯͻ̧˵ʬɽ֮󡣴ʱ˵ĶѨ֮Уƽȥ֮ߵĸǰͣ漴Ƭ䶯ܿӿ³һǸŮˡ

Ůȫ㣬һճĤҺ֮⣬߿˿Ů壬һâͼֿȣã˹Ů̧Իڵ֮С    ɽ£ʱһѾϨֻʣһЩڡ

˵ʬ壬ǻռĨ˰ᣬÿֵܣ֮£ģʲô㣿

Ҵڳƹһʱ䣬Ѱҵˣӵ

һֵĻͬ·ظǰɣ˵Ļҿ԰һЩæ

ƲûȥѰҲûĿ꣬ôһ˵ҲЩ⶯ͷȻˣҲã̰ɣ

˵꣬ӴڣܿأͼƱ˻һɽ䱼۶ҲʮĹ򣬾ܵӵߣǵزĸ첲

ƱһۣмǾȡϵ룬˹һλˣ׷ȻܱѱΪޣһӵд˵еѩԳ棬Ƶ˵ĹȻû֮Ĳ࣬

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ʵҲ̫һ·ϴŸСԳȻܽƣһ㣬ӻ֮оѩԳ˵еĴڣôȻΪ˾̾ļֵڣоһֻĸоСԳ죬ǵǸá

ǣӺֱƹһЩΪԳѩԳ׿ǻۣԴǽɽ֮СԳһֱİй۲ǣǷһֱٹ۲ȥСԳ֮ܶѾǳˣСƺɯʮֵͶԵڼʹ뿪Ҫߡ¶һΪѵˡ

߷Ϊʲôִ˵еѩԳĴ Ҳʮֵĺ棬·Ϻ󡣱ʻ

ѩԳĵʣǱ߱ߵѩԳǳڳƹ뱱ѩһƬɽѩУǸѩڳƹĴ˵СһסĵطλֻʥһֻβޣһֻѩԳ

ͻȻһʵôڳƹĴ˵֮еЩʥޣβֻβ֮⣬ʲôʥֻβͣ

ҡҡͷڳƹĴ˵Уֻββ͡ұһ幩ΪػޣһЩ޵ҲβġûʸΪػ޵ģ

⻰һΪϵǸ࣬ǰѪͼֻβ͵Ķ²ûдǾӦβˡ

лλ˿ֵܵĺ֧֣лʥ񽣡򡣡ңֵܴͣлһֱڶĺĬĬͶƱֵܽǡ䣡

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ôڸβΪػ޵壬Ǹʲ ʲأ

뵽ϵĴƺѪֱӹҲ⣬ʻ

룬ءںܾǰʧˣʹڳƹĴ˵УҲһЩ˵ƽһһ֪ģǾڳƹ𾴵ҽѧϰļգǸģ

Ӽ֪Ҳ࣬Ҳû׷ȥǾͳƹѰʡһϸµ˽⡣

еɽ⣬һƬտĲݵ֮ϡһƥԼںȾĺӡ

ɽ֮Ẻתͷһ۾ͷǡǱСӭֻлһ˳ɫһү¿ͰСôûͬһ

Զزˡɫ˵һ䣬λʱ漴˵ɽз顣

û뵽λ꺺⻰֮󣬾Ȼвͣ૵İȵ֡

Ӽ꺺ӵӡ²˿¶ǸŮ˵Ľߣ׷ߣո˽˳ƹ磬ңŮ˵ĵλ֮ŮӵλҪࡣ

ǲͬȣǿʳķӵ쾡¡һƯŮˣӵкܶ׷ߣЩ׷֮չֻǿ߲ܱ˹飬ʹ˽˻飬û֮ǰŮȻпܱǿ˶ߡ

һŮ˱׷߶ҪǿЩ׷Ǿͳ׵ʧȥ׷Ů˵ʸܵ˵ңߵռխƶ˿ҲأڶһֱǴʹƹĦսˡ

ȻẺıﲢᱻ˿ͣǵҲûԼıְȶ֮󣬾ǣ

֮󣬼šɯӶһϸСԳҲӵɯСԳ    ɯӵ;ǺӹһӻʱܰҸǲ̫ԸȥӹɯĺòƹᱻϳǾ͸ɯ˼䣬ɯŴСԳ

Ʊ޵ϢԽԽŨءÿЩʱģԵúη壬ǻӲеʱúģǲʹʼղƱУʼչɵظƱƨɺ棬ûơ

һ·ΪηƱԵʡҲûô̸ཻźؼɽһֱƹ󣬱Ҫ;ĵһСǵķʻȥ

ƹ֮Ƶ۹ķ˵һȽƶĹңѩ۹ԣǻǸԣܵ˵Ǵеˮƽ

ӽƾȵϲشѾ϶ʱڡѩ֮£ԵñȽϻؼɽеЩů紺Դɽȱֱ硣

Ʊ߾ؼɽһǳؽп˹ǣԼĹ򣬱ܵɽشһİպٵĹ ֮أΪﲻԻ޳ûһһЩٸͨӷΪҲ̫ȫ

ڽӽ˳˹ǣ·һӵʱӾ;

ҲоЩԡתֵܣﾭһЩ˳٣֡Ƕ᲼һЩ壬Сģ

ӵͷоóһȷʵǴٵĺõطֻҪЩС·ϲһЩ壬·ͨʱСĴ

һ˰֮ķ֣ЩĵطƺбĺۼЩѩϻЩɱѪ

ʻ˴ԼһĹʱӱظӦ˸дѧŮ˵ļ

ѰӼӿٶǰ˰أԶԶͼпյشһλ£ЩݣϻһЩƣ̬Ѫϻż۶ϵļʸ׳Χֻ˵Ķ֣ÿһγỻһȭ˺Ѫ    ڸһݴԱϣͼһŮӴʱ˺ѣͣشеͬʱҲڷţѽסһŵ˺۵һλ׳ʩ

λ׳ʱԵʮֵķ˷ܣͣغٺЦţÿŮӵ˺һ¶ѩ׵ļʱͻһһŮӵǰѾʧأ滹żٵצۣȻھļУڷţڼһߡ

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Ǹ꿴һĻеѪڲͣоʹ࣬һĴһɳޣ뱰˳λ׳һɽÿһƴĹֻһδεĴʹʹҲʹ

ʩŮӣӡôʹ龰

꣡

һ˺ѵʱһݵĿ֮ǱڲݵϵŮӵļֹͣˡһ߱˺ƵһɲǼ䣬Ѿ׵ľˣֻʣǵ̺ѿʱЦ

ӿһĻûɵģȭͷȻڵѪҲڷڣһĻ龰ͺǵʹ޵ȼ

޷龰ǰܺزʶ

ˣλ̺Ѿó׼һĶƱʱһһ˹ȥ

λ̺Ӵʱһɿӿֻ׼Ů˵˫ʱȴͻȻתͼһӰһ 

ǵӰʱ͵һһâϮ

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еģֻһɱü仮֮ͫвһĽâ

ͨ

һ̣̺ӵһ鱻䶳ĺֱ£ҲûϢ

һĻ̫ˣ

Ķ˾ֻк΢΢ͣٵ˲䣬ղŻһλŮʩ׳һȴһ߱ʬ塣

ڳ˶ûлع

죬

ʲôˣҹҺ£

λΧĴ󺺴ʱмһλȻعһ䱸ǿһﾲվǵĮʱ⼸˲ɲ¡

Ϊʲô

ǽΪһʬ壬ϰ

ɵǷǵϴѾΪһ߱ʬʱعʲôɱ˵˶˵򡣱

Ȼǵķͽ͵ġȥҪΧ֮ˣ֮ȴֻǻһЦݣǻûнӽ֮ʱǵ֮ͫУʱһһâ

ǰһĿ죬ǵ֮ͫеǵâûг֮ʱ˱㽩ֱص¡ֵĻᶼûУֻ߱ʬ塣

߰˼ʦһλֵǰȷʵһ˭˭ı磿

 һ Ҫ㱨

һߺӻɱĸʮҲֻǼĹ     

ȻǸʱͼ⴦յϵżӲʬ塣

һɨڵϵ꣬һĨɫ漴ֿǲݴԱ߱ʩδŮˣǱþ˱ɱļˣλ̺֮ȴŴ죬ֵܣд鷳ˣ

ӴӰóһɯµ·ǸܾŵŮӸϣתޱؿ˻һۣȻɱˡֵֺαضһԣ    һȻӣȻԣлǵǣֵ֪ǳƹʵ۷ŰͨҪɱЩˣǺˣڳƹһӰĺڵһЩɶҪη֣Ǵ

Ӵ򸾡ƺ׶֮Ȼͨ

ʱλ껺֮Щĵվ˻һ֮󣬱Ůߣ·󣬶˱ͷʹһǰ˾衣мȷʵǻͨҪҴһȥͣ¬϶ͷ­Уܷһ·

ӵΪʲôᱻʵͨ

ϵǷ򸾱һλҽʦµӣǰʵһλİĶӲأѾҩҽļ˾ΣʱǷճɳɽ׼ҽݣֻǳƹҽ֮ǵҽʽ򡣵ʱҿͰΪѧҽõϿɡұǰ񣬶ʹǸʱʼλõĲ֢֡ʱұʦڵһƷоΣɻʵȴʼղͬÿ­֮ҩƣûЧڶλӾȥˣ͢ʦʵ۲˵ӵЩҽӹʿµ»

˵һеͦͬ꣬ʵ˵Ʒʵ͸ִֻ࣬磬ܱ˽ܣټƹҽ֮Ȼų¬һЩвǵλҽʦһ硣

ȻѾ˾£ĺڰҲ塣ģ˾ͲڡҽͨĹ£ֻǾÿЦҲȡǲֻ֪ҽʦļֵȴ

¬˵һжĻ֮󣬱Ȼͷ­ȥһʵۻȡνĽͣҲα֮ˣȻҪжʲôķʽ

⻰¬΢΢һ㶡

ʱ¬ϵӴ·˹ǰ˼ȣҪǱǷ򸾵Ƕ˵ģһƾԸ

˵ֱ׵˵ҶǵҽܸȤļǷ򸾶ΪЧͬͷͬҡͷҲΪǣ

⻰¬Ϸ΢΢һ㶣漴ϵͷǷ򸾱Ѿ޴ȥ·ˣȻ˲ӣԵ

ӵͷ漴ӿڴó¬ϵǺܣȥƹɣȻ˽Ӧǵģ

¬СĵؽӹǼ֮ʱߵǱߣֵܣɷһƥ

ֵҵľˣԽ֣һƥѡҪҲаԹԣ˵ţӵǣһƥǣʳҲȫǣ

ӱһֱһƥû˻Ļ㽫ƥǣ˹ȥ¬ȷ򸾣ָ˷һЩ̲һЩ֮󣬱򸾶ȥ

ʱ֣ĺִء

紵йɺ⣬һ·г̵飬ûԤʱϵ˹ǡɫڻĽȣͿеĴƽ

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Ȼªչ𣬻ǱȽůɯѾ˯ˣСԳǹɵſߣźࡣ

Ӵʱڴͷû˯⣬ڽ֮Ķ

˰ҹʱ֣˻֮׼һǾڲŷųӦʱ򣬴ʱͻȻһӰʱӵľ

ǺӰٶȱȽϿ죬ֻһζӱȥһ˯ɯ֮󣬻Ǵͷ

һͻȻһӵһҲ֮УеİձһЩǱ̽龿

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ᣬֻһܽ˴ӣڱ׷ӵ˵һ䡣ϡ

ʵɯ䡣ֻĶһƬů

Ѿϰػߵ˽оʱҲû˯⣬§ļŴӣⲻƣһбҪȥĻɴ󡱡

ӵĻ֮󣬴ʱ㴫һӵ˶šһ֮ȫҳ漯ϣŮףɱۣ

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ЩԣǰŻѣȺ֮һϸϡ

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ˣʱ̫嶯Ҫ۵ģзŭСǲʶ̧٣δ

жؿһۺ漴תͷ׷ˣܲԶġ

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˵̲סͬʱȭͷҲ

֪£ȴʵ㻹ûиǣʲô֣

ҽˣϲҴߺĵ֣ԭʲôʡ

ԥ£롣Żı飬ƺʲô뷨ԥ˵ҵԭǧâڣ



һ֣ٴε˿ѿڵ㾹ڱԶŵǰһͱŵǧâϵŹ£ҲһʷƾõҰ⵽ôˡôƹһʱʷƾõұţ

˵ʲôһ⻰ǵ۾֮оʹһ뱯ˣ˵ҵļҲǱŵģ

˵ţʹʧҲ֪ĸ׵ʱΪʲôһֱƭң֪ɲΪʲôʱҪƭ˵ҵļ˳ĸף׺үү岮ǶǵݲģҪҺúûȥԭҲǱɱģΪʲôʲô˸ɵ

ЩҲЩľһ֮ʷƾõұţ⵽ʲôʵ̵ֲֶΣڸʲô

¼֮УƲߺҲЩϵӱ˺ġʻŵҡûʲô˵ǵʲô

ҡͷҾͲ̫ˣҵһͬ㣬ǾǶڴʱڴң

ʲôǴʱڣӻͷһ˵

ʱڣڳƹĴ˵ָľǰ齵췣ʹط䡣Ƭ½龭һκƽ٣༫ΪǿĹ壬ԼϹǿ屻壬һЩǸʱƬռͳελĴ½¸֡ǸʱҴĹ£

ʣȥ뵽˵ɽʱ򣬲˵Ƿȷʵڣֻγɵԭ򣬻ʲôµ췣һαʷЩ˵жʵġ

ǰ˵ЩҲӴеõһҪϢƲȥǣ뿪ˣǸԶϾͱ塣

뵽ʵֵܡôһŵһңʲôط

һǧâϡǾڱصĺ˹ǣľǲԶϣǾڸǣһϣǾںؼֹβһçɽСǸӭѩ򣬿ӽѩˣ

бҪȥһӭѩˣ˵

ɲԴһȥǧâʱͻȻ廰

һҪȥɣӿ

ǧâڵҲڵЩ屻ΪҼҶȻ书ͣܵĹһλүү̵ġһץңҲȵġ˵ţִӻһ⣬һҴǺķֶ͵ģ׼Ҫ͵ģ

ʲôӿǰ

Ҳ֪ʲôʲôãֻһƣ˵ţͽ򿪣Ķ˳ӡ

ӽӹƹ۲£ܹӣмֲͬͼͿһ֣Ǹ䡣֡

᲻ǺҪƣѰ˼˵

ӦòǣҼǵͼһͷǣƺܹӣӦ֮

ӵðΣܵУֻ͵ôһ鲻֪õƣǲǿԻ㲢ûж˵ʵأⲢܳΪҴȥӭѩɡСԼҲȥӭѩȴΪʲôҪң㲻Ķ˻ô

ðɣ˵ܡ᲻ȥǧâڷԼۣǰ˵ʱֻ֣Э

˵ɡӵ

үܻܲرһ£ٶԻһۣͷͳţʱԱ߸СԳˣɯȴڿ˵ˣҪٵʱˣ

ðɡ˵ڳƹ˵ʱһλүү˵ֻҪܰҵһƣ쵽һ£ͻҸĹڳƹƽлѧҺϧɻᣬүүʱһĹҪ񣬾ȥӭѩ

Ҵȥʲôϵӵ

Ϊүүһ¾ҪѰһλ۾أǿһˣҵһ仰ɽһδԼвѩ֮Сʱδֹӭѩ򣡡

˵⻰󣬱Ҹղڴеʱͷ㣬ҲĹ۲һүү˵ǸʮֵƣԾʹԣǲλ簡

Щɫ΢΢һ䡣뵽˴׼ҪȥѰҵһǸүүǲһλؤģˣܱŸƺ«

ǰô֪˵šƺ뵽ʲôͻȻɴ۾ϲصѵλ磬̫ˡҲȥƹˣ

Ӵ˿ûٶ룬̣ȥӭѩ򣡡

ҹ£ѩӽһ뿪ӣ򱱶С

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ҲͬȥӭѩģֻϴҪҩƷμˣԲòԴλ·ϻظǡ

ֵʱɯҲûоԼɯָǧâһƥԼ͸뿪ˡ

ֻһ˲ֵ˲ʮصʱӭʮסǵȥ·

СӣѩԳǸŮӣ·һ

ԷУںһ۾ͷǸȥĺһλͳꡣϢЩƵˡλʦ

ǧâѾ·ΪһЩΡЩ˵ûһϳ

Щ˹ȻǳСԳɯģҲûж⣬ֻǵĮбץСԳܴ߱ǣֻҪҽԼŮˣΪô

ҲСӣһλĻ̫ӣһλƹүؽίҪŮˣֻҪϽǰԳŮˣüǮԻһС򣬺ٺ٣ŮˣץҲһüǮ

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һ⻰һŭʼɫ䣬һϢһŭ쳹ȥ춯ء

ǣ

ʱǳ˯Զŵľѣŭһޱȵ֮ڿҰ֮лص춯ء

֮֮ʱʱΧķѩȻϢŭб飬Ȼ󻯳һѩʼ



ʮ˵УһЩΪ͵˴ʱƴŶ䣬ȫѪڲϵķڡеܲסǿҵ𵴣ҶѪеĸ߿Ѫҽһ󣬱ˤ˼صˡ

λϵʱɫɫףƴصڵľֵǹ֮𵴣ǾƺˣҲֵסܲסһѪҡһΡ

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˼ųһǿ־֪֮˵ʵ֮ǿҲûаնԸԷֻôһԼһʧأмֱֵܱӺ

ûкҩԳԵġλƽϢڷڵϢΪǿһݶһǿ



еŭѱЩ˵Щȼˣ֪̫ӲݣྸȻҲŹȻͨƹĺڰɱôЩˣȻǱɱĵˣû˿ԴٶİŮˡ

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˵ţһƱһڣ漴˫һһɾ޴˳ȥ

ϴʱϵķǣһɹ֮ӵڵڷݵʱѸӡһ

һɹǿ·֮˷Ӷȫӭȥʱӡ֮С

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һҲǿһ

ɱȻκηĻᣡ

ӡɹ֮ʱʱؼ·ɲһӡܳܵٽ㡣

λǿһʦʱ𾪱ɿ־ˣǹǿΧ֮ʱ֪ˣһ

ʱˣѾˣ



ǿڶԽӷײ֮ʱһҵı·ĺ֮

ʦ㿪ǿһƣɹתΪƺȴط֣ǹǿֻǵƴ֮ʡĻ徢Ѿݿ˺ɷ顣    檣

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ӡȻҲһλʦһӡɱ

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λǿನӰ֮´ϵеĿ־ѾȴһУֻһͷǾӣ

Ȼ

ת֮ʡУͿһ·ǵ飬֮еһȻ

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ڱӰ֮Уȫ˼£Ǳ⣬˼άôһɲǼĽ͡

ͣǵâͷ£齫ɡ

λ彩Ӳشԭʱ۾ŵģͫѾɢţʶҲͣпǵźֵոЩû˿֮



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λ彩Ӳ֮󣬴ʱʣµĺİҲѾûվڵϵˡ

Ͻʣµģֻһرʬ壡

ֻĹԭմմϲ̺ôĺڰǣ

һĻ̫ˣ

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Ϊһŭɱ֮ʱĮһϵ飬Ǿ˾ÿµ񣬻ǿϢɱ˷ʽ֮пӡ

ݵһĻɯ֣ǵ֮ʱƵһĻӡǣ

һɲǼƮ죬һɲǼңԶһֱҪץסԼ𺶵ʧ

֪ԭԼʱͬһĻǸʱģѾӰռݡڰ֮ʸ־塣ܳܶʹ࣬ʼղ׿йκεĶҡ

Ȼв̫ϲɱ¾Ϊһŭɱˣһ̣еĽǧˣҲҸġ

߰ɡʱתǵһ䣬С

ɯ£漴ȥ

ǧâȴԭأеѾ·ѾǷս龰֮԰ΡĹһһʮˣ죬ҺݣһƺĿ֮սʽҲΪţһҪΪǿߵĿȡ

˵Ѫڿʼڣ

磬ȵң

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ʣѩ׷ɣĴ֮ϣһѾ

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ʣµģֻʬǺ紵ʱİ

ףڴ֮Ϸɱ·ĳ֮ǰصʬ壬һλǵĮɭɨЩʬ壬ηһ̾Ϣ    ̰³ֵͬһλҲޱ顣

ߵ֮˸һɳ޵Ĺâ϶ûз֣Щ˵һ˿һģһġ

׵˼ǣЩ˵ͬһΪɫɱŮǸҽѾܾˣɱҲǱӦҺôˣƹǱߵίУǲЩֵã

ⲻֵ벻ֵ⣬벻⣬ˣɹˣܵõ޷󵽵ĺôĻȻбʲôˣʧܵĴۣ

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һĨ⣬ѩԳһѵĻᣬȻŹᣬѩţֻʯǵʷᱻд

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Щʬ壬ȴȻֻΪһ˭Ϊ죡

쵼˸СŻ°ǰȸˣؼҺһ£лˡңɽˡϹλֵܵĴͣ

  ƵһĻ

ХϺأ䣬ѩ׷



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Զѩ֮ϣһλɴŮӣ趯ӯˡ֮Уȴһ̺ɱ

һλµĺ־ٳŮӵâĵԵһ㻮

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׳ҺһһġѪףһٴ

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綾˲䷢׳ҺҲûüһأȫű綾ӵĿֲɫ

СԳһ̣ɯ֮ϣѾޱȵĬȷһֻܹٶȴ綾ԼԳ

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ǰɣȴнʮλˣеĳڲţΪļڿ־塣

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еǰѽǾһħÿһӳ·ܱ˵꣬˵彩͵˲䣬һâȡ˵

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Щ޷ǿʵԿɱֻ꣬ǴΪһееλѰʱ

꣬ӡ

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ÿһУһһҪǿԸҲôˡ

ʱǰһλͬµߣλߵļѾǺ֮еĳˣȺλλеͷѪ·ϡ

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ʹҰ⣬Ȼûӹ׷٣֪Щ˷ĿģҪɱ

һĳϣѾǺʵλԽϸߵˣҲӵѲȻλҲʵѾﵽ۷壬ֻһͻʦıϡ

ͷʮֵĺ飬ҲʮֵĽƻӻʱÿһķâƻض㿪һµֵ

һ ջд֮ͷͣٵʱϣӴء

䣡

Ķ񱬷һɾƺˣ˺ѵı졣

ڵѪڲϷڡֻǻ˾ֻһ նɱǻˡ϶ͷһ

ͬʵȴ̫ԳƵĽһֵս

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ֻΧڣͷܱߣһֻӲĲӬһֻͻһֻ

ͨķʽʹͷһֱռƣͨһ־սӶ߶ܡ

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ڵȴᡣ

ͷȻһֱҲ޷ҵɱӵЧۼѾԽԽˣȴѾЩˡ

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ͷУγ𾪡γڰп࣬ϾǸϽƻûЩڵȱ¶

ڽĹУƻͷһֱ¹ǸŮˣǸ꣬һǰ֮˵һ㡣

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ɯԺ˵ĹʱԽԽЩˣԷһһĹŵ߼ʦľ̶ȣӦǺѡ

ɯҲأСԳʱᷢʹЩηľ綾ɯͳΪԷķ²

ȻҲΪɯġǧâ껹ǱȽϴģ֪Լֻܡڶ㿪˶˵Χ֮󣬾ӵԶԶģΪ˲ӷġ

ֹСԳʵƱ˼Ҳ鶯ԣΧȻЩԸˣҲ׷ͨ˵ʲôƱҲһɯܹҵο˿ϻһֻӥޡ



͵һλڳ鶫ĺ͵Ϯʱ򣬴ʱһӥһʴֱ½ǷӥצǺеĳǷĴвӶɯٵΣΡ

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һڻҵĺӵĽµ֮ǽƻͷҲʧȥ˿ԽѰееĻᡣ

Ӳûиƻͷκε

ֱڻЩڻҵʱŹ¶һܸ˴㹻ջν

ƻͷڿս֮УʱɳĮмѾõˡԵЩ˷ܣЩ

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һǣڸܵѹȻ壬֮һܼˮӿӡ˿ҲѸٵ֮Ȼ

δʱ˫֮չȫʵʱų֮ײ緭һ㣬ѩֹͣƮͱɡ

Ȼĵӡ֮ʡƺͷ˶ߣͷܵԽԽǿʼ֮ʵʱѸٵطҵĹơ

䣡

֮£ĵӡ¶񱩵ĳڣĿ˺Ѿ죬ͷɶȥ

ֻǣͷĽƻḻûͷҹ֮ǿƣһϮ֮ʱӰȣǿһϮȥʱͷܵǿҵĳҡҷСѪɡ

Ȼ

ͷ˵ʱȻͷĽƻıóһɭЦݣһĻ뵱ɽһĻơ

ͷ˵ʱѸٵɯȥɫ˲òҰף

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ӱһƻͷץһɯʵʩ͵Ϯ֮ʡ˫Ŀ죬ƴе۶ȥ

ǣ޷ͿԪͿԪɽԿ۶͵ϮһʱûֻܾԼеŬпܶɯвı

ǣҪǽƻͷһģ

ͷѪδɣһɿЦһѸٵسɯ˽һ°ڶɯʵʩʱƻͷɯ֮ʣ˫ݵƣȻɯʺһ˫



ɯҲʶв֮ʱһ̷ûоʧ룬貽

Ҳɯֹͷûлҵ⼸õһ˿ࡣ

ʱһӰڳŽƻͷٵϮƻͷУҲң

һֻֻӳ֮ʣһƴſԺХӿСԳ屻֮󣬱˳ȥ

ʱͷδͣյһӰ£ͷ裬һ£ǷһצͺݺݵץͷĲϡ˺һƬǿݵϴһѪۡ

СԳһ̵ĸšͷĶһģĸţʹŭȴ˱Ҫ׽ɯͷʹǹƣΪвһǰɯӿźһҲıŭϮ˽ȥ

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ȱɵλڵ壬ԴҲǣɯһʱѾ޿ɶ㡣

ֻǿ񱩾֮ʣֻһԶؿһۣ֮б벻ᣬ漴ߵķݣ˳ȥ

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ͷˣȫ͵ϮɯʱûκηĿܣһ֮£屬ѳһ·г˿һıɷ顣

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ںڰ֮ҵһ˿⣬̽ɯ壬ϢȻֹۣɸϣ

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ʱԶǧâڼ˱𣬵Ȼɯ͵ϮһĻҲˣæ˹Ϣܵһߣ鿴еСԳ

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У񻨶䴩źһ£滹ѩްȴԽġ

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˴Լʱాˣʢһ˼ƵȺȰɣﻹУһ᰾ҩࡣٺȣ

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ֽЩӲ˹¯Ͽһ飬ʱŷϵϣذпһַָ˼Ƴˣ˼˵˼ƣ׹ƻҪ˯һ滹ҪٻǣԹڼҿס˸ҩ࣡    ţã˼ƹɵصͷ˵ӤʵС¶ɰЦݣ̲סһѣԺд磬Ҫб硱

ΪʲôҪбѽ˼ƺܲص

֪ˡȳȥˣ˵꣬ʱδȷϵСõͷЦЦ뿪

Ǵҵĺͨ뿪ֱӾӵĺɽ¡

ɽȻѩǣҲһЩѩãѩ¹ЩԵĶʳҲʲô򣬾ʹ˼ֻѩúһֻѩ¹ɽصϡ

ŻصϣͻȻһһ̧ͷͷͷһ֣䵽˼֮ӥĿͨ跢Сʮ

ɫһĨɱ֮һ̧һͷϿռΧԲĶٻصԳ𡣱Ѹٸӳš

˺ɽͨͨɯصǸҡǧâڸŽȥҲԵúܾ档

˼жΪֻˣܵͨӭӣ磬ֻǲ˵꣬Ϳӱˡ滹һ꣬ʼͽ䱸˭

ӱɯ˽󡣽īһҵĴϡŶ˼˵˼ƣǧâڣ꣬һġ˵鷳ŽǴ

˵ţӣǧâڣˣ⣬źǣ淢ʲô£㶼Ҫܣտǣ

ģһչ˺ɯǵģǧâڵ



ڳ˯ˣͼͻȻ˳䱸ؿӶˣôģҪʲô

ף˼˹ȥ˵ĸ첲Ǻˣû̵¯ӣǰȣ

磿𾪵ؿ˼Ƶ˼ƣ磿

ǰף˵أ˼Ƶ

ʵڿѪʱ򣬾Ͷ϶ӵֻ֣ǸӵؿһۣҲ֪˵ʲô

ʱǰֶĸ

˱ͻȻһŪЩ֪룬˻ᣬͻȻ˭ĸһδݹ

ֻ˵ͻȻЩ˵ȥˣƺ뵽ĳЩʹ£Щ

  

ƻѵõڣƼƱȡɣ㶮ģ

˵ŮδУһܲʵ飬ȻʱǿȵԵʡ

£Ů˵ݵġ

ӣܵᵽδ£Ҳ˵һ£ѾƲߵĹϵ

涼Щʲô顣ΪʲôǣϱЩأӾһʱҲ˵ҴʱЩ̫ȶҲûд㼱Ʋߵ飬Ӱ

룬ûʱ䡣ӦһºҸʱ̸겻ɢĺ׷ˣҲ̸ʱ

ǣӼҪڷɯֽǧâڡ

ᵽǧâڣܹŹ֣ɵɯ˵Ӳ˺ൽԵúģСʵѾĬǰֶȻֶϱȽϹעһЩ

ӿ೹׵Ķ˽֮Ű

ֽǧâڼ䣬ɯһۣͳ˵ҡ

ֱӻƱ󣬷㳯ʮⱼжĵӭȥ

ӴϲӭУΣҪ

ʮ⣬ʮ¡磬нǣɷȻĺӴӵλߡ缲һ򱱵ضС

λߣէһǵĴŴ΢Щͬ⡣Ȼһģһǰ׷룬Ƥ΢΢е԰ףɷˣ˸Ȼһ˫ֵ̥ܡ

˶ˣǺе˫ӳϣʵ춥壬ǶǰֵܣͨǶԸһλʦĸ֣Ҳڻ¡ʵǿںеĵλߣΪ˫ǡڰ֮¡

˴ζλ˫ӳǰѰҶԸǸǰͷʹӣ˫ӳлǼԸģӴʱ·Ǳ֮صɷͿԿһЩߡ

·ϣ˫ӳ֮еĵܵǾȿ˿ڣ磬Һò׵һؼ׼չоͻƱϣɰȴҵȶԸһδɵСӣô

˫ӳϸ˵СеλλһλʵҶٵĳϣԼڡаӣѾԽԽôε׷ɱȴδ˵СһëΪֻһδɵСӣֵǴ󶯸ɸôܵܣСӲã

ǵ磬ҵ˼˵Ѿ͸¶ЩϲľȻûֻṩۿ׷ɱСӣĻ

ܵܣиڣƴԶǺܹģΰܹ絽һɸǿֻҪǰ£ʱڳǵ֮ֻҪȡСӵͷǡ

˻ɣ

ֵܶ˶Ի֮ʣʱǰļͻȻʧǰ㣬ƺǲȵݿӵУ˻һǰŵϵصˤڵϡ



˼״΢΢һסǳȵΤȥ̽һǰɻݿӣ

ǡλӦһżѩ֮ϵһ֮󣬲ŻǳϣǰδݿӡֵǲȵЩΪɵģ

򱱣ֻҪ˵ĵطҪŹѲ飡ǳϷԸһٴ̡    ֻǵʻԼ֮ȵݿӣƥԵϵˤ

Τ̽飬ЩӵǲΪģϷܾйŹ֣ǳϴʱڣҲԵдߣûĿĵأȴѾ׹

ȻЩⲢܴʲô˺޷ֻˤһӣȴ˺üƥЩˤĺûҲֻͬһһǵٶȾڵڶݿӵĵطƥкüû˽ֻͽУԵúơ

λΤΧ̽һ֮ǲδʲô쳣ЩݿӶһЩˮݣûΪĺۼҲ˿ֻϣЩݿӱѩǣѩϲûκεĺۼҲҲκΪõЩˮݣ¾ĵزƽЩҲ

ǳüͷݿǳֵƵЩŹˣ

ǳϵ磬һʮΪȷ棬·̽һ£ݿӵĻôȻͲǣСıǡֻһ·еĻô˵һ⣬Ҳü뱻

ţ˵ҲУǳϵͷ󣬾Ըλˣ·ǰȥ̽顣һں棬ΪһЩûֻܻС

Ȼ

ڴԼ˰ʱң·һˣʻ֮̽󣬾ûз쳣׼ػ㱨

ֻǻûеתͷʱ򡣴ʱͻȻһɫӰͬããѩ֮ϵӰж죬ѩϷľһ㣬ٵس

䱸

˷쳣֮󣬷׷׽䱸һ

ȻӰһʱ˻ûлع֮ʣһâֱ磬ޱѸ٣

    λ֮ͫӳ䵽һâǳýгᵲһ£㷢һ죬ӦϣȻϵʱ彩Ӳͷһľż

ʱ׷ײŻعͷгնϡ䱸ΧһţڸղһĻʱѾһУһĮɱӢ꣬ӡ

ͨ

ʣ˸߶䱸֮ʣʱλͻȻˤǱһѳ룬һɵ

Ƿ֮ʣʱתƱ磬｣֮ϵɫâѾŵһּ£ޱȵĴĿ

ı仯ƺҲüȵĿɵ˵ǣ˵ĻӶ£ź֮ûһУһеǿ־ѹɶȥ



һʣڤ ֮Щ˷֮ʣ֮ͻʱǱǿޱǿѹ壬ƺ˶ͫҲֻһӰ˸漴ǿԼ壬ͷ­֮ʱڰ

һͷ­

֮󣬽֮ϵĹâӵǿңն¶ͷ­ٶȻƱٱʱٻתʱûʲôɬ

ٻתʱʣµ˲Ǵǿɱ֮ѿᵶǰӭڶһ

꣡

ǵĵֿͼ͵ģȻǵľѾȫųһλֳһǿ£ǵľһ֮¡㱻˺ɷ飬һ죬еĳն룬ͷ­˼ҡ

ӻɱʣµĶˣҲֻ˼Ĺ

֮Ѹٱߡѩ֮ϣʣֻͷıʬ塣

 һ 

˫ǳϴ˫˳˵ļвеļλʻѩ֮ϡںļûֻܲСٶȴۿۡ

ֻг֮Уǰ̽˿һʱˣתرǳԽ

磬񲻶Ծٶûһ˻㱨ѵǰǳҲɡ

ǳʱתͷһλӥѩӥ̽һ£

λӥʱϣ֪ΪΣҵѩӥһֱвҲ֪ʲô£

ȻЩ˸ûϵǡʱɸ߿֮УһֻͷףëϽɫ񿥷ǳߵӥޣһֻȫëѩ׵ѩӥֻѩӥɵֻ˿ȸһ㣬˿



ʱӥһ֮󡣱ֻѩӥҶɪϿʼ壬

һŰ֮ǷޱȵģѩӥĲӺ󣬷һˬߺֻŪɱѩӥɸ߿յ

ѩ֮ϣλӥ˫ǳϵȽ֮£Ѿͷðһֱڲͣٻѩӥ

ٻ˰죬Щһ̧ͷаӰ£ӥϲУ쿴ҵѩӥˣ

Ȼλӥ׼ӭѩӥ䵽첲ʱں˼ƣ׼װһѵʱ򣬾ͼѩӥ׹£ɫ䡣

һĿɿڴ֮Уͨһֻѩӥ׹䵽λϣȻٹ䵽ϣѾĲˡ

λϣʱѪ߰ߡټޱȵı飬ԵüΪ

˰죬ǳϵһʱ˼㣬ŭ

Ϸ˵޵ڿеߣϷлġѵֻ޵ʬô

Աߵǳϼһ·ͨѶõѩӥѾˣҲǳ磬˵һڵ͡ںܱ

ˣǻȥɣӿٶǰУϷҪСʲôǳŭһӿ̡

ǳϿİزп񱼣üĻСЩѾƣս󽵣ƺҵȲ

ھԵʵǰκıƶֻǸЦȻЩ׸ǾǻиϱǣҵУǳ˵꣬һǰѸؼʻȥ

ǳϷԸһ㶪һѾӿ񱼵İڣн  

ֻڵʻ˼ʱ򣬽ǳͻȻһ֣ͻȻͣס󣬽ǳϴʱͻȻתͷȵѸٷأϷͲӵõ

ǳһ˼СпܻơɱЩûˣȻٴǵı͵Ϯǣﷵءɱ治ף

СüıϷѵ͵裡ǳЦһѸٳȴǶ˳׳棬ЩٶҲʼЩˣ

ڡ

λз׼ɱ⼸ϵ׼¼˸ǰʱһӰʱѩ֮УӼϡɵĿͻȻ˹

ãмˣ

ӥȻعһӰٱжȴ˺˼ȵϡסȥͨλϣ



ֻЩ˶һǵѾˣʱǵӰٶȼ죬һЩʩչǵӰһâʱһǿ־ѹ

һ󣬱۶ϣͷѸٵطٶ

ӵƱķٱеٶȣ費ϴѶϢټǻۣȻܽЩתƣȼЩʣͷϡٶԸҲͲôˡ

ȡݼ

ӥ˵ʱ򣬱˷סȥ·һ⽫ͬһ֮󡣴ȡֵԼȴҪӡ

ֻתͷʱ򣬴ʱͼһӰһѸٻϣӥһǺӰУģȻӥ

漴뵽Լֻȥİӥӥ˫ͨ죬𣺡Ҫɱ㣬Ϊҵİӥ𡱼

׼ĳǷӥ޵ʱ֮£һâʱһ㼲ٻһԲͷ­˲ʶɲǼ䣬ֻӥ޸ĻĿ꣬һצ֮һµͷ­ץѣ



һնɱ˻ܵӥ֮󣬴ʱҲȡ˷ϵļݼʮݼȳһ㣬ܼ

ڿȡ֮ʱΪƱˣѸٽһ˦סƱ壬ԼѸĬʹķʹڵ±ڷǿЧķ

ʱͼӵΧ֮ܲƺʼֱʣһ»Ĺâ˸Щ֮±ڵӰ֮γһ͸ǽڡ



ֻݼʱ򣬾˸ְ֮һ׷׹ʹʣµλھ

Ȼ±ֻܷһʹãٷĻ±ڵЧʧȥʱϡֻҪƱȻҲᱼ硣ûԼ

ƱӭЩֳĺڶȥʱӽʱڲЩڶݼ֮ʣڷ֮󣬱𣬻һ｣â

ৣ

һ£һͷ­

ʣµģ˼ѾǶһ˻ûüֵһâ£һ֮⡣ĲӾ񶹸һͷ    Щ˵ʵֻ߼ʦǰ˼ʦҵ 쾳磬ټ֮־｣֮ϣóĽӰǿ׾֮Щ˵ľ｣⴩͸£ûеֿ߽֮⣬һȥȻжһ򵥡

ʵĪ࣬һһǺģּĽɣֶָ繷ĳ̶ȣɱһһ

һѸ١ҲʮĹӳַɱֵıʣǾԿʤ̵ʱڣֶ ķʽ˵ǰЩˣûиֵʸ

ʱдһӥһһڵͷ­ն֮󣬶صʬ壬Ѹ󣬳ԶٷɱļӰһۣЦһ漴һ㳯ﴦһƬּʻȥ

һıھǿʵֻһЦʵҲҪϺΧĻ

ǳϷ֮ͺˡ

ͬʱҲףǸƻСùƽתʱߵ£һѸţȷʵӵǿʵ뵽ʩıʱȴʼԷëûпһ

ŭ֮µͷǣ»صפѩϣһ߾ͷʬڱǷǵֻ¸ǵһɫӰӵʱ¶һɼŭ֮׷϶ȥ

Ȼһȴǣ֪Σ½ ɽ½ڸ֧࣬ߡ֧Ķ

  

½ڷʼ£ҲСĵһƱϣֵǸȻģ

ʱֵ磬֣һֱ⣬ԵЩ谵һƬƬѩʱַ׷

ѩ֮Уѩ֮ϣƺѩ֮Ϊһ塣

һǰģһλͷñɴŮӣȻɴòһ˫ȴһ紺Ϣº͡鶯ʣѩһѩްһѩ磬ڷѩ趯ʹ

ֻĲһЩĲټϵȴƻλһ⾳

ŮӺ棬һλԼʮĸˣ°ͬѩ磬òȻ㲻ϾɫҲһɳӢˬζ񣬲ǰλŮǰºд鶯һȻĳһַָ緶

ڷѩ֮бʱǷֲԶѩ֮ϵʮʬ壬ǰİŮӱǰʻ˹ͣº󣬱鿴

Щʬ嶼նȥͷ­ֲĳȴûиŮӵľκεĲһºƽȻʦ壬Щ˶Ǳһնͷ­ûз֮ǻɢ֮ͫУȻҲκεӰֻһ׹⣬֣    λ¸ʱ˹ûֻɨ£ǹž޲һĨ棬˵Ѱ£ûз֣Щʬײ˿ڣûѪҺƽǰ£ǵ彩ӲڵľѪܾὩסЧϺ¡

ѰµͷЩʱ䲢ãʱ彩Ӳĳ̼⣬¶ȡȴԶ¶Ҫͣ˺Чģƺֻ֮Ϣ

˵ѰͻȻ̧ͷȻµȻʦ壬ǲǱëеΪ

ȻϹһ˿棬ҡͷñŮΪ»Ϊ´̣ȽģⶨǱŵΪ

ǱŵӣôΪʲô֮ϢеЧѵ˵õĺʦʧǱؼйأѰµ

ȻµԲöʧǱؼֻб֮߱Ϣ˲쾳֮ܲģ˱ŵӣһû֮ϢõҲֻǽοȴ޷ᵽеľ裡

ôһ˵Ѱƺʲôƽ޲У¶һ˿档ʦ壬᲻ʦϴγغ˵Ǹ֮ˣ

Ȼţɫ΢΢һ䣬ܣλʦǰȥƹѰôãûϢء˾Щˣǻ˳Щۼȥ˵

ʦ壬ҪؼɽҩǻȥˣʦҪˣѰЩǵ˵

֤ܲλʦûл£ȥʦ㣬ģǿ߰ɣȻ˵ţһѰЩۼȥѰȥ

ƱʻˣϵٶȲ졣

ϻָһ¸ղŵ֮󣬾ƱһֱǰУʼոͷŭ˫Ļ롣

ÿǺ˫ǳϱ׷ۼͿҪ׷ϵʱӱһ£λΪܲˣٴݶ׷

ֻڶ˷ŭ׷ԼһʱҵʱǵӰʱѸٵһӰ

磬Сﲻˣ᲻թǳ׷֮ٷԵúܽ

ңҪСùƷֿҪʲôУȫǳʱҲԵñȽϸʱȣ˽С

ݣ

ڶһЩʱʱһƿ֮ǳɫ䣬ͼľǻٶȣֻ΢ӳһƣľ̾ͱɷ顣

ôֱɼôǳЦǰУһһҲѰǿֵܻӰ

磬

ʱǳϿԶһӰѸȥҪ׷ȥȴǳûתͷ磬ô׷

ǳϵҲˡСӲ֪ʲôϷҪɢǣᣡ

ֻǲǰ˼Զʱ򣬴ʱǿµͻȻȵ֦ǰԵλһ䵽һߡ

ͼƥԽһݿ֮Уݿвḷ̌ƥ̵Ѫֱǲˡ

ɶĹɷϷˣǳϼﱻˣһֻܲǰаѰֻǲû߼ֲȵһݿӣ߶ûбݿӰ졣

䣡

һŭ֮£ǳʱһƻһ׮ǰľ׮ʹһ˦͹ǵǰ·֮ϣͼľ׮֮ЩرĻѩ֦ѹ󣬾¶ݿӡ    򣡡ǳϼǰݿӾӶ࣬˾͸Ļ˸򣬵ȻֵͬģͲֿ

ӶڰҲЩ޿κΣϼһʼճһ޷ǷֿǽһҲͻϮ׼

͵˫ӳϻһǰмʱεûٷݿӡ˰ǳͻȻһǳϻعͷһͼǳϲȵһܼḷ̌ȻҲûʲôӰ죬Ƶ ƤҲʹһ¡

ʱЩҲָܸЩ˴ȥ˺ҪǾʹһµЧ

ۼͷӽľ֮ʱʱǳҲȵһḷ̌Ӷ

ʱͻȻһһӸ˳

ǳϾ֮£ͼԷѾӽҲţѸᾢһ׹ⷢ ֮ʣȭͷһաϴ׼Ĵ̱ͻ˳Ҳֱӭȥ

ʱ

Ľâ֮󣬷һɴ̶죬һѳĻ𻨣˫ײΧһ˺üô

꣡

ʱǳϵмô̱һ˹ѵĺۼǳһ֮£ӿͻ˳ã䰮ı֮ɱ൱ǿֻȫ벻ȻԷһ֮˸ӡ

бŭ֮£Ҳ˲΢΢Щ󣬼ǳȥסӣǳŭһɱ֣׼ǳϳֵһ϶Ͳȥֵ̥ϣչ˷Ĺơ

ӴʱҲЩ˫ֵ̥ʵ൱ǿȭܼϼΪĬÿлһֻӲޱȵף



ÿһնʱ˱ֱȭ־ֵǹɾ޴ķڷ飬Ѫȴû˵Էֺмɵ˫ӳϵʵ

ǵһ˵ĻӻаԷƴغ һὫɵǾʦʵ

ﬣ

ٴײһʱĦһѤĻ𻨣屩ʮܵߵľǲɹһ˿Ѫ

  

糤ʱҲ˼ǰһ

ǽǳϾͼԼ֮ٴγһѵĺۼɫľǵĶ

ȻоСӵʵֵܶľǿ־Ǵһ壬ױѵӣʱǱŭǡ

СӣϷٶһ棬ȴû뵽㾹ұϷİסֻ·ˣͷ͡

һУƺһ磬ΧĻѩľ˫ӳųǿľʵ֮ʱ׷׾ҡ䣬ӵ졣

˫ӳǿ־ϲһ֮Ӹо֮ƺһǿѹڼѹһϢУ

ķѩľмɢ֮ʱ˫ӳϺȻˡ

ǾǳֻצӵĴ֩ãһǰһһһңʱ˿κηĻᣬһӵ̡һӵ̣ټǱǿʵԵĺֻܱСӦս

ĽӰʱ趯ʱĿĹӰӰƿգ·ǽҪ죡

ﬣ

ǹɴǿ־ĽӰڻ˫ӳϵ֮ϣĻţ˫ӳӦӰ֮ʱ΢ı仯ڽǳϵ뽣ӰײжӵĹ֮£ǳϾʮĬϵسһȭ㶤Ľ֮ϡ



ӽƱ⣬ͷʱһȭڽϣӸоʱܵʱе־Щ˷ɣһɶ

ٺ٣ɣֱ

ЩʱǽǳϲûзŹᣬҲķâǯһ㡣;ȷޱȵסĽ 

һ£Ȼ޷ǳ˹ȥ

ʧҲҡ侲˫ӳʵ̫ǿ󣬵лȸһôǵʵɢ֮󣬾пɳ֮ˡ

ǳﵽ֮ôҲβסеĿϲץ壬漴һתǽת˹һֱֻץס˽ЦСӣûѹΣ㻹

ֻǻ˵ǳϵɫ䣬⽣֮ƺһɼǿ־ץסһңƺһͨѸٵϮ

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ǲ԰׵ϣʱѾ˿־顣    Ȼʱץס˻ᣬڽ֮߱ϵĲ־ϮܵҲһ̵ĽʱѸӡ

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ͷ֪˵Щʲôͱϳ˴ͷƿڴһڵġǸԸūǾͲҪһЩΪ֪飬ʵѾǵ棬ǵУûһѪͳĹˣվ֮£ֱǹܴ裬ֱǶһ

λߴţ

ʱ֮Уһλִһ̼ۣʵǰкͷβޣȴɴڸͷŮ˴Ӻ˳Щϼʥʹ£

ŮˣʥŮλڵҲ൱Ĵˣʱߵͣס󣬱һƳλİѾ޼ƿʩˣŵ֮ɿλ϶Դô

һλϳеʥʹ£ԳҲڵһɽ⳾꣬δܹѩУܵõԳԳ˵ͿѰҵµű

ûԳ֮£ǶȻҪѰصģ˵ô֪ʲô£˵ȫ֮ɱһˣɱṩҥʲô˷ųȥģ˵˸˽¸ṩܵ¡ʲôδʥģţ

ʥŮ˵仰Ȼʵﵱаһɻصڳĳ岻һ

ڣһλƺ޷ǹӰ죬ڻйʥŮ£ԸǤϣǺĺô˽ԳԲ˷Ϣǣɿ·ǣҲΪԸ

λ˵ʱǹͻȻʧƺһȻ˹һ㣬ԼڵϡڳɭɱĿ׷ʲô£͵վŮˣȻʹ׻꽵Ҫɱ

ֻû˵ʱʱʥŮһȨȣͻȻһâλ֣λ׶ʱҵĲϺףһĹ򣬱ûκϢӦõõĳͷλʥŮ赭дؾɱһ֮ԻƳУߣӲ׻꽵׻ϴӣ֮£𣬲ᡣȫ׷Գ䣡

˵꣬ʥŮ׼Ҫ뿪ʱͻȻתͷǸˡʱȽܼӣҪһһˣɱõģǺȻ˱˵ӣҹȻ£ҲԶˣҪΪ䣡

ɽĴڣԵʮֵƮãһ˶ԣɽκ˶ײλá

ֵɽ£оЩʧĴ˸޴жɽһʲôλãÿռ䷽λһӽƲ⣬Ҳֻһģĸ

ò˵ɽȷʵ޾ء

ֻ֪ȻֶˣڳӭѩʻʮȻ򱱣򶫣ʮоͺԹһ

ҪɽµʱȻ¹˸ע⣬ӵ˼·ϡӾͳ׵ʧȥ˶Դ˵λõƲ˼·

֪ȻһǹģοǽɽףɽеˣⲻֽŮ˵СȦ׵Ĵ

ɽķΧ֮Χأ˺ҵУֻøȻֶ˼ɽн

һ˳еɽλúȻ±һۣˣǰͳǹȥģ

֮󣬾ͼȻѰ½ϵжȻһİƨɣƥƵΪõɶ漴ȥ

Ӽ״ͻȻƱĲӣҡҡĶ䣬ȥͻȻһ˻Ե硣ɽصֹ

˻ɱ

ʱһ˻ΧžĿɿڴһĻˡ

ͼʱϰƥİ೯ﱼܶƱ֮󣬾ͽһȺΧһȦƱһ˻ЩĸǸɴ෢˻һ

ӼûԵúɣҲȽѱͦԣڵ˶Ҳж֮

Ʊϵȥȡ±֮Цȥɻƣúܣٺ١

޳ܡȻ⻰ϲЩȣһתͷ󣬾ͱɯдȺжȥѰһؿһۣ࣬˼ƵС֣ȥˡ

ƱǵĦһĲӺƱ˻һⱼȥЩһѷƵģȫȥԵޱȵĻʵ˷ܣ

վĲԶֺǧâʱûдӷ֮лعǲ֪ǵʱѾ֪ȥ

Ҳ߰ɣת껹ڷһŨֵɽȥ

 

Զֵǵһع˴ֵ硣̫ţˣ̫ˣôһƥ׷ѱ޵ģһܸͨɲԽ̽ң

ʱǧâҲع̫Ȥǲӵ磬ӥɡӥҾò

˵ʲôȻֻӥޣѵ񣿡ԶǧâڵĻһŴ죬˼飬֮еĻСݣôҲβȥ

߰ɣٵ͸ǡҲϲϳˣ

һǰߣߵѱӥֻҪкġʵҲҵķȽ⣬ʹ̸ǣҲѳΪޣԺлᣬʵˣ׽ֳֻɵɡ

ɽΧʮ޷һЩʯ̨סʹ·˳̨ǰ߾

ӴԼٲңһһƬֵ֣ԱߣһɫСݣСΧһЩĻֲһɵ˱ǶĿ

ǿ쵽ʱ֣ɽ伴ʹ죬Ҳ͸һжǼ￴һЩصС

ֵԱߣȴһСϪϪˮ峺ףһЩƯȥ

ʱǰСϪһߵ̨ϣʱһλͼӵߣ㣬ԵȻԵá

ӼȻѾˣɨһ֣죬˹ȥȭǰϸܣ޷ͨУɷָһɽ·

λ۾ƺ˯һûӵĻ

ӳϪˮе㹳һۡͻȻϹ

Ŷ𡣹Ϲˡһ⻰۾׼ͣ㹳㡣Ƴһۺ󣬵ӣȥԼ취֣˵꣬Ͳˡ

ŶǴǰˣ˵꣬ӱԲԶǧâڵ߰ɣֹ

磬ôɽ㲻ɯǧâڲص



Զƺеӵ˼ˡǧâڵԴ

ҪʣʲôǸžǣ

ǣӴµķȥͷûнסǣЦЦȻߴ˷ֺͨ·ʵǸȥĵطʲôطǧâھһ汦ӿʵ

Ӳµһɽʱ򣬾ͣס̧ͷϿȥи㣬ֻҪ̨ףͨһ·ֻΪù̫Ũղûע⵽㻹б·

һ꣬Ӿһᣬһݺ󣬱Ծһɶߵ̨ףɽʯףһȥ

·ϵһɽʱͼҲһƬ֡ЩӾͲˣһЩֱϣҲһСݣûϪǰֻһƬֱԼʮҵԲƽ̨ƽ̨һЩ͵ͼԵΨ

ǰСûˣӴ;ȥƬ֮Сǿͨ

˹Сʱʱһλ䣬ͼӵ˱һ˹Цеӵλɣ

Ӳ͸λ˴ǳֵһԼŽ˰㲻Ĺ򣬼˾һƬԱߣͼǳҲǳΣˮ峺ȴðһӲ죬ˮȻµġ

ӣӾλ˲ǵǸʲôˣǱʼ·

磬·ǧâֺ桰

ϴ谡ӱѱߵҲѰɣϴɽĹأ

ţ껶һϡﻩ·Сƨƨǳˮ֮У˿ǧâ̲סˮů

Ҳ·ˮ֮ҲˮȪһˮȷʵ滹ЩСΡ˸о⡣

ϴ˴Լʱңˮغλ˲͵͵ĳСۣܵüͷ㽫򿪣óһ·Ц뻻ϰɣ

·ԲֻӽӹһһҲɵıǣ룬Ҳ⣬ܿͽ·ϣҲϰ

ͷϵҺãٲȻһλƮȻģӢ˲Ź鶯Ȼʳ¯

Ӷ·ڳеĶŲشӳˮƺûһ㡣ӹЦ˵ݹ·ϣǵķȴ䣬ӵ΢΢˴ģҲ䣬ΪʲôԼľ͸ǲһأɽ֪𰸡ڼ˴֮λ˲ҽܵҽչٷ硣·壬Ʈ´ӣλ³ԡˣȥɣ룡

ҽܹ֮λչٷӵ̬ԵʮֹӵЩ̫ӦǾ͸չٷɽ

˸չٷɽ֮ɽһ޴ƽ̨ڣֻܿŵ˵ֻǸ΢΢Ծ۵Ļֺư磡

չٷǴ˴ɽȥȻӴк󣬾ȥһͥԺȻǸͥԺĺųһλȣÿһΣһͼӣÿӼ䡣һ͵Ĺţ滹ͥԺӦڵӾסĵط

˴ԼһĹ򣬱ߵ˻ȵľͷһޱȵǽڣɽڸġ濪һȴţȺĴŰ壬ߴɣҪ̧ͷС

չٷƺƽʱϰˣЩճĴŲ⣬ִ꣬ȻҲ棬꣬ʱȴһݡ

ڵԽȴź󣬼ͬʱס˺ŵؿǰһС

ѵǴ˵е˼ʥ

ͼǰһƬ޴Ĺ㳡ȫһɫʯ̳ɡǵҫ¡վ㳡ϣһо

㳡룬ÿɣͻһž޶ţÿ·ŵĺܹأֻЩðһɵģȴ֪ʲôɢһɫĹâܱܽʮڵľ

ߡչٷƺ˵˼¶һ˿Цݣϸ¹һǼǰС

ǰʲôǰչٷǰ֮ʣǧâʱͼǰ㳡ͷУֵĹ˸ɺʡ

ǰţ

չٷ΢Ц˵ţ˵Ĳӿ죬أӾˮСˮм仹Щ

ԽԽʱһʯţ˼˵ǰͼʯڹ㳡ͷŶգɵӣŵнһ֪ʹмγһԲ£ŵϣÿߡͻһ鷢ʯͷʹʯҹɫ±װۼס

ǧâ벽ԶֿĿɿڴ𺶣

⣬ɽʥеһ

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ز佲ֵأɽʱ򣬱ʹɽǲɴ¶һǡ

ǹ籡ɴһһĨµ֮͸Ƭɽе澰һޱȵĻչ

Ӵ֮Ͼʱżϸϸˮɷ٣ܱһ㱡ɴһ֮еܡ

롱չٷЦЦһ߹š

źƺʥסֵ¿·һԶŵϢú汦Ҫ̽Ѱפ

ԨˤȥǷǣСĵ㣬ɣŵչٷ껹פ㣬ѡ

ţһæ񣬼ܵĹλһš

һϡǰȻһͼīյ£»һٷ䣬Ƭλ֮

һ㳡ֻǹ㳡ľͷǰȥӽһׯΰĴƣ˼ʥ

۵Զλõ׺Ĺ㳡۵ЩңԶͷ·ľͷֻҪվǵֱժ

ɽʱӾ߶ȣԴɽ˰ʱˣûеĿĵأɽһᵽɵǿ

ǰߣһƬСС֮вԣ¹ǹˮ沨ƣ˾ǿ˵Ľӽ·Լ֮ϡ    ໣

ȻǼ˴С֮ϵĸž֮ʱСͻȻһսµһףλһ ߵߣץס

ͼǰ治ԶС֮дʱͻȻһ޴УƬ󣬾˷һ޴ӰԾȻˮ֮ϣˮ

ʱҲֻס΢΢һˣ̧ǰͻȻֵһȻɣͷʨ߳ͭ壬ȫ鲼ɫƬʱſ¶ɭ֮η

ǹϸ֮󣬶壬ˮĽЩ֮һ漴Ǳ£ƺȷʲô漴ͭľۣסվչٷӣ˹

Ӵδ˾޴ޣҲ΢޽ͷ˹ŵɪɪţץסʱҲԽԽ죬ȴ룬չٷڣӦòᷢ𹥻ɡ

ʵϣչٷʱھ֮عǰ˼ǰȻӻͳһһ㷢Ķ˫ֳǹ޵ǰص֪ιʾʨػǱſˣУ

ͼǹ޵չٷһۣꡣһ˸ǣһϢչٷ˼չٷǺʨ޾Ȼ飬Ҳо֪ػΪʲôͻȻ˹졣

ͼһ˫۾תתƺչٷ絲סߣ켯צӣչٷ磬ٴνͷ˹

ľҪ䱸չٷͻȻеҪŵ ʨػӦò˺ǵģ

⻰ӸӦʨ޲ûж⣬ϢҲºͣŷ½䱸⣬ڿ

ͼʨ޽ͷ쵽ߣñʹ֮۾ʱһ﷢һĵ漴ͷӵӱǴͷǹȴǿˮûȫʪˡ

Ӹܵһʱ΢΢ƽϢҲ֣֪ôҲʨ޵ԴһȻͶʱŻζЩü˶

ܲǹȥټ㣿ӼһﾹԵúܹɣҲ֪˵һ䡣

˭֪һȻܶԣٴһͷ˸֮󣬱ͺ漴ߵСߣſһۺ󣬾ʹƬ̾˯һ㣬źࡣ

񣬴һ񣡡

δ꣬ʱȫҲʪˣǵСĸͨͬʱԶȴһֱͣš

չٷʱҲڴ֮лعʼҲΪʲôʨ޻˵Ĺٶ漴뵽ʦ𽻴һ֮˹ô¡    ǿ߰ɣչٷʱʨ޷Укʾ⣬ӱӸϾ

˸֮£չٷ糯Ǻ˯ʨ޿һۣӵʨޣԭһֻϹŻµ׶ʦʹУΪɽػޣнǧˣ

ޣһϹŻ޵ĺӳһ ֳʨ޿һۣչٷǰС

չٷһʯ׶ϣ˵ֽϣµϹʱڵ޲ˣھǰһδʱڣľ͸ˣֻʨǧ֮䣬νͨ飬ܶԣ֮˾Գ֮Ҳ⣡

Ѿ޷ֻʨ޽ô֮󣬵жôǿʵš

ʰ׶ϣ˴ԼһĹ򣬾Զ¹ӳ֮£һΰĴصĹԣǰҶϣдԾӵĴ֣µ

ΰ֮ǰͼ󿪣һ͵ʯͷĹ󣬽׵λãһ޴Ůӵ񣬷Ů鶯ǷߣСһЩĵһλһŮӣһλλִ´̣ս̬òڳ˵ӡ

ȥԶԶ£ǸŮӵգƮ죬ִ´̵ˣòӦλӣ磬һԳ򣬸һׯϡ

ұŮӣô죬ɵøԺ֮һغϣǲ£

ʱ֮ǰĵУվʮ˺ Ůų֮ڷžʯӣҸţֱλŮߣſš

мΧϾһţûԱһһţһſţһȴһͿֻ۵ͯһ һ*˼ĳζŮͯ˾ޱȵĹ졣

ӾǴŶǰʱ򣬴ʱ˵ĿͶ˹Щ˿ȥΣȻǵʦԼгϺһʱɫһ䣬ȻܹŹ֣Ļһɺ档

ȻЩվŵ˵УɫΪŹѿˣȻ£Ӵֻгϲʸ񴩵֮󣬾뵽Ӷʱռ˵Ǽ£ʱвеСơ

ѵԺҪƺһʦ𣿡뵽ˣȻµӵĲơ

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뵽ڵĴ壬ֻС°ˣȫڣӽֻصûˣϣֵǼ֧֣ڷ϶죡ԺϹأ׶ĩӸ

վȻߵһλɴòȴһº֮۲дźŮˣڿʱȴһָо

վױߵѰ£ʱǹž޲Уͻһ˿ƤʦȻһۡ

֮ʱڵеˡÿ˶ӣԸĿʶȴ󲻽ͬ

˼ȻһȴʪܵģҲһǰչٷҲˣЩ˲룬ѵǱʨŵˣ˺ﲻɣ

߽ǰʱڴЩʱҲǾò졣    ЩϵҲһʽġΨͬǣЩÿҵвͬҲ֪ôģûС

֪ΣҲͨҴġ

ľǣЩϵߣܸоõЩ˵ϢʮƳʵľûκεķâͺǱĥľԷʵĸΡ

ȻЩէһۿƽͨˣƲ⡣Щ˿ûһʦ֮¡˵ʵѾﵽʥ

˵ŵЩվڵеЩȳڵ˵С˴λļҲʵʦģϢûЩǰԲӵ񾫴ǴſܹܵЩվŵ˵ľ硣

Ͳ˵վġȫ֮ϣټЩͺֲܿˣȻһ϶ǿš

ʱеһġЩ̲סʼչٷ˽֮󣬱λϣʦ壬չٷѾ˴ءش˽ּ

ٷ硣°ɣߵһϵʱ

ǣʦ𣡡չٷ繧ؾ˵һߣվλλԱߵһλߡ

ϸСһĻӶʱס֮Ҳǵȼʮɭϣֻǳû򣬻д۲졣

룬ӱǰȭӣλϣðǰʲô֮£

ʱλ׵СŮͯͻȻվ̨ʱҲվǸСŮͯߵǰȴ̧ͷʮ֪ʦʲô

СŮͯظͣӲҵ뵽˲µʱǿ·ǺǲµǾʹӲȡСŮͯǰ·ңĵӡʾĵԻ֪ô

СŮͯǼ·ʱɫ΢΢һ䣬˫ȡк·ʱһ»֮⣬ӳյһƬõģЩҲǷ׷׶ݡΨЩ˶һԻؿǿ鷢·

·ȷ֮󡣴ʱСŮͯͻȻһ񣬵Ū£ݼʦ壡

һĻʱһǶޱȵŴ죬ޱȵ𺶣λСŮͯȻһǻСе֮

ʱȻ£ȴǳɵۣվԭز֪ʲô

ЩΪ񣬶һĻֲ֣׷ǰ񣬹ӳ㣬ݼ̫ʦ壡

ӼһĻҲЩ㵣Ҳ˻񣬵ǵһ£ŻعСŮͯλض񣡡һǿӲܿӵףִ񣿺ͷӵ ʦ֮գҲʦ֮ʱڴ֮ǰɵʦһ

˵СŮͯߵһλǰ·ϣҵӣƮ£

̫ʦ壡ƮǸͷ̫ʦ壬ܾñŤεͷŪߵλϸǰλ·óϧ£

ϸҲͬһӻ񣬲Ū½ܺӲǣ˾һԷ򸾡

λŮͯͽ»·óϣԼ·óϣЩ˶ƽŪµĵӡ    ϣӵͷľˣʣµĸµ֮ģڱֹϵŪûһһܣʡ˲¡

ЩµǶݼ֮ʱԿȻƵı飬ǺܲԸгʦĳƺҲܸܵõЩЩ̫ı顣

ЩҲûзϣҲûϵŵĳϺ潫ʦ忴Ȼˣû취ҲֻýˣֲԿ

֮Ӽ˿У̲סѰ£֪ͬˣ

ʦʦģѾˣݾӻ·壬ʦʦʱǰȥ̽Ѱ¸оĳƺҲʮֱŤλڣҲֻƺ

ʱŪǰ˵ʦ塣֮У·δ޵Ůӣʦȥ·壬֪ºͻλϵһ·УЩѳɼңҲмҾסʦǰ⣬Ҫ֪Ʈºϧµӣ˴˻·壬ҲǱ壬³ءؾ֮أѩ¡չ֮´ȵȡʦҲ֪ӣźɽĽأȵȵأʦƽ£ò룬˵ſɽ롱

ӳէ黹ףŪ˵ЩҲֻ˽š

ɯڼ䡣ҲʱϤϵţֻĻŪôһСŮͯľٶΪһ¹ʣḻĳ߲ž߱ġ

ⲻ뵽˴˵еķϻͯ

еλ˶֮󣬴ʱŪ´һЩֵ͵ĵȻȥ˳ַԸһλ·ĹŲԶֺǧâڵİ

ߺֻλϵӻڵСŪ˵Ž⼸λӣŪյĵӣʦյĵӣʦһֱ񣬶ɵڴʦԺв֮ɵӾסѰʣ»Ũʦ𽻴֮£Ӳҵʦͬһͬǰ¶ӭʦأ

˵ţŪһһ

Ӳ֪ʲô͸ȥҲ׷׸ں棬һŪ˵¶ȥ

¶ʷѾƾˡŵչ֮еأһֻŵ֪Ūƹһɵ֪֮١

صĵط·ϣһм˴ӻ´һС·ʰϣͽɽ䡣

ɽСУͷǱԨ˸оѾϣйƼһĴ

ԼһĹ򣬱㵽˷嶥֮ϡһ۱㿴ⶥǰ֮УһǱСɽһɫʡ

Ūߵ崦һǰӵĿһָ ¶ڣ

ֻǣ˳ŪָķλСɽĻ֮󣬲һĿɿڴ

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ڶɽ壡Сɽ

ԨСɽΧֻڰ֣֪ʲôɵСֹڲ˸оǱ֧ġ

ȻֻһɽǾԲܵġ

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Ӧǹ̶СɽģȻܹô϶ƮߣƮȥֻɽΪУס

ò˵Ҳһ쾰ˣڰľ£𺶡

ʱŪߵǰһӱʯ̨֮ϣ漴ӻӻ֣

Ӹűվȥ֪Ҫʲôʯ̨ȻƮƶһЩûվȡŪһץסȶ



һľӶ˶񣬾ͼȵʯײҲһСɽƺһʯԶСɽƮȥʱͻ

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ֱʯƮСɽһڴԽ֮󣬱㷢һ죬ʯŵҲֱˡ

ŪµЩʦʯʮʱɣΪιͻأɽСɽվ鸡ʯҲʦ˺ܳʱȡ֮õģЩҲԭίҲͣ

˸ʯ֮Ū´Сɽµһյأ˴Լٲ֮ӷɽ䣬ͳһɽһʯͷ֣¶

ߵǰŪ²óȻ롣ڶڹʦ𣬵ӽش֮ǰʦʾ£

Ƭ̡ǶͻȻһ·ԶŵƳɣ

Ū΢΢Щ죬¶ֻʸ룬ʦȻӽҲΥʦתͷӵʦ壬ȥɣȻƽʱȴЩģŪµĻ󣬾ͽ¶

һ͸оһ쳣Ϣ岻΢΢һɺȵ֮ʱҪǿҡ

쳣֮Ϣвɸ̾ȻǾѵ֮

˹ӦɺӼǰУѨߵͨȣֻܹһ˽ӿЩڵʯͷܶȶǳ֮ߣ滹йţͨʯͷǰδ

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߳ͨڽһĶ֮к֪ԼѾﵽ˼ޡұδԲŵ󣬾̲ס˿Ѫ

ʱһϢͻȻӻˮ쵽ʱѸٵӿ޺֮Сڳ޺֮ǹϢѸ翪ʼȫӿȥ

һ̣Ӹоƺǧֻ֮Сһĸо漴һɹɵĴʹͺЩСҧһڣɾʹڼӾ֮ȫȻҧסʹ·־еʹ޷ܡ岻СϺһһ𣬲ͣز

ԼһĹӸоԼĻҪˡϾҪȥʱǹʹʧ漴оľˡ

ľ󣬽žһ**ˬޱȵĿȫӿˬɽǵΪսΪϵΪ

Ӳּ̰ȵĿСоԼ־ڻָͬʱԼ壬ԭЩ˵ľʱǹС޸ұøӾԣอ֮еҲٵ޸ںʱҲûǹɴʹС

ôһĹϵ˾ȻͱˣܸоõอǿͶȣƺҲ˸һ

𾪺ǡ޺֮еǹ֮·ܵ˼ѹԭÿ֮ΪŨ֮ܵǹ쳣Ϣ󣬾ȻѹΪһ״壬Ҫ̳Һ̬ȫ벻ҲЩ̫ףΪʲôᷢ״

ʱȥ֮ͨУϢͼһɹɾ㣬ө˸裬׹ӳ֮¡һӰǹ֮˸

գ֮䡣һθװŮ˾ͳ˶֮С

һ׵ɫϹɴһ˫ڵ֮Сйɷ·Ƭؼǹأһʥ࣬һҪĤݵĳ嶯Ӳɱ

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ǳŽŵģ˫**˫㡣ûŵء

Ҳ˵ŮӵһֱǸŵġ

˫ߵǰʱסӵ֮ƿеǹҪֻӨϾǵĳ嶯̧ͷ

ʦܣʦ·㡣ʾҴ㡶ط֪ԭ򣿡

ͣ·֮仰΢΢˻ᡣŻعҲֻ֪˵Ҵ·ҵĵӣĵӾͻᴫҡط

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Ҳֻ֪˵Ǹм龳

ʦǲǶ㽲һӵ飬ôû͸¶˭Ϊջ𣿡û˵˭ֻ˵췣ѾΪҲҪ֪

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ʱ̧ͷǿǰθʦ㣬ֻ֪Ǹӽʱ򣬾͸ʧˡ

ʦûи˵Ϊλʧûи˵Щĵ˭

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ȴϵҪ򡣻㵳ô׵ġϸûܻˡ龳Ҳ㵵

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һ仰ȴǷз·һöשըѵĲ²ˣԼϵĴ಻βޣʲôδĲޣ

Ӷݣ˵ʲôǲޡѵβ޲һ𣿡

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ʲôҿؿڣ

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˵ţ¿ӵؿһۡϸϵĴ࣬βͿһ𣬶Ҳֻаߣǲͼߣһǲͼ

ںϸһǰûϸ¹۲졣β͹Ȼһģ˵˲ĴڣӵָѪʲôϵ

µһǳϵ壬ϹʱڣҲһǿ塣壬岢

ڴ֮ǰӵоԵλΪӵٻ޵츳Ҳ˵䣬ԿŻޡ

һιϴ˵УٻΪǵػΪǿʢ֮ʱٻޱ

Ҳǵ츳ܣʹ˿˥ܵĩ·ֱʧʧ٣ԭ˵ȻףǶǳ˵һ̰ԣ˭ٻʵѪ

ڴ֮ǰһ˵֮

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֮Իʦǿ·ܲӦʵΪڵǿڵԵʣ±ȡ»֮γɣȻѪӦټѪĴ̼Իγµͼ

һյͼҲγɲϲһ𣬻ܴ̼϶ߵ츳Ҳ²ûдѪ֮Уһصǲصٻ

⻰Ѱ˼ǴûѪϲʲôӣ룬˵ĻһЩġ

ֻǻЩܡǾƲ֪ģ鷳ֻԽԽ࣬һʲôѾЩͷöˣټʲôѪٻֱҪĵش

ҲЩ飬֮ǵøϽʵҪϴɱ˫ӳϵ£ԽԽֽȸкһֲ̫õֱҲֻһССĿˡı꣬ٵĻ»ӵҡ

¼ҲԸ̸Щ顣Ȼӵ˼ҲЩ£˫ʱƶ£еһʯͷϵʦܣʦҪҴطڴ֮ǰڹЩĶ

һ˾񣬱ʦһʽӡĿǰѾӡˡ

³ţӡط֮еĻҲǾڡطǾõһ׸ĪķţҪӵǿ֧ŲУΪ죬ҲǿѧϰһЩصš

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µʦܣв̰࣬ʵѧӡطеľ裬ѾúܳʱȥˣҪ֪ӡֻӡļʮӡпܻࡣʦͻƼǿʮһҲ޷ͻˣҲԻһǳءγɱǧǿЧˣ

⣬ôӴ˴

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˵꣬¸ֻʦܣŵĻܣֻгϼ֪⴫

ӵͷ»˼ˣԭе๦ȱȫֻõɽկԭҲֻǿջϲһѡ

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ϵţҪǧҲǼݡʮ

Щ֮дڵԣǿɶǿѪȷĶȻҪСĽ

ЩŻһЩȱȫķƷƷҲǺһҲ⣬ϾЩصĹһĸ    Щ飬˵ˣ׾УҲûжʡ

µ˴εһҪ㣬·ͬСɣҲʦʱġ

Ӳ״

µ¾ǹڡزᡷģǾͳֻǸƤëޣʼû˾ԣȴҲǴ洦ֻһֹ˾壬ʥ֮󣬱׶˾¶˳Ϊ˶ž󻼣ھҪȥѰҡǲزᡷ̣Ҳ꣬Ҳʮ꣬Ҫ׼У

ᣬǾôãȻҲ֪Ǿڵı׶ˣǵͷ

µڴǶʱڣزڳеʥ䣬һ֮źҲʧ䣬زҲ֪٣Ҳȫûκε

˵ţӣʦǷԭ֮صһؾ֮УΪ˰˼ħؾе̹һЩЩɻӡ󣿡

ϸ£Żӡ󣡡

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ʦʱ˵Ǹ˻δ֮ǰ͹ÿһңҪǲҪң˵䰮ҪһֱߣǷֱ˵һЩֵĻ

ӸʦΪ˲˼ĥңŷֻһľżȴǸʱŵɵġ

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˵󣬾ͣߵ˶֮еһ䣬ʲô

ȴ룬˵㣬˼˵϶֪ߵԲ飬˵۽ԹޣֵȥѰζˣ⻰ǶŮ˵ġ

ʱһİҵһľż˳󣬽ӵʦеǼľżת㣬˵ҪѰزᣬпܾһҪҵղҶ˵ŮˣõңҴǸ˵֣ȴͬĻ˳ЩңӦû֣

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˵ţµʱͻȻԾǻ˵㾧âʧӵǰ

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ЩƣҲ֪¸Ū˵ʲôҲľȻص˵ͷ

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δĸŮвԶֺǧâڣԼɯˣʱסڻ·һ;Ժ䡣

ԺܿҲȽ϶һЩֲʮ һЩסѾǴ´ˡ

廪ӴԺſڣ̧״һҶдżԾӵĴ֣ӣ

ʦ棬һǱдݾӵıԺǿţδæãʦʲô㣬ʦ£յӲɰ죬ã

ҲһӾͳɾ˵ʦô󣬻Ǻܿض廪ÿȻŹˣһǲ̫ϰ߱ҳƺ棬ʲôҪԻģȻȥϢɣ

ӸˣȻô˵廪ԵʮֹҲΪΣӡ

֮ȾһС԰ӣ԰ﳤ໨СˮϪԵúȻ԰ӺһŶͨǾסĵطˡ

Ժӣͼ˼ƾһֵֻСԺˣŲԶֺǧâүˣèè˿Եʮֵ˷ܡ

磬˼ҲһŵӵķΣԵÿɰ崿ʱӽԺӣӭ˹ӵ֡Ϲ˷ܵı飬˵磬Էķ˿ɺóеģˮҴûгԹ

ӤʵСЦЦʱǧâںͲԶ˹һݵǧâڵ磬̫ˣ˾ȻҪʦ

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ô족һʦûϷʱɵˡ

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һ˵ſǼ˼Ժ棬Ǿͽɯڵķ䡣

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ʱվеҩ󣬶˵

ʵҲЩߣֻ͹󣬲ŷߵߣҲҴȻ¸Ѱ¡ֻǾع۲š

ԼһҵĹȻ˹ͣƳһۺһ۲ɯɫѰҲʱͣ

ʱ䵼ҲˣѰҩɡ

ţѰӦתͷЩεӣʦ

ûпڣӱĻǾñŤû˵ʱ򣬳ƺ־ǣʵҲŤ

⻹࣬Ҳôӡ࣡ȻƲһֵۡʽʼơڽĽѰ°ɡǾԳѪԼְɣôɰСһѪҿɲġ

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ѰµСԳܵˣѾҩӦûдˡֻһֱҿһֶݳߵ֢״Ҳ˵пܻʱڡһν

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Ҳǣҩ࣬ȥá

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ⶫͣҲ֪˵˸ɾӦȻµĴʡ

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ӱôһʣЩΣɯҲ˽ʣ˵óףҲء

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ӵĸҾ˾Ʋߵ顣Ҳҽɣ

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һжʱһŵ˼·ǸƲߣ˵ӵˣһؤܹȷɡ

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룬˵ע꿿ƻն̹׳ĺܿ죬һλʥŮʮǿ󣬻һֺܿµ׻꣬

׻꽵ֻҪһϣôĵصκܣһԺ״̬ºޱ¶ЩĵİסһЩҳͽȷʵһɺǿ

ν׻꽵ôþЩƣⲢӹע⣬üͷ˵ص㡱

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֪ѩһŹڱҲһЩŲ飬Ҳ²ǿŵĿơ

ֱϴΣѩԳϢڱҪصʦͽӣȫעԳ䡣

һλڼ¡˵һܱ˵ֻҪԳͨԳ죬Ǿҵѩµı⳾żһٴ׳ΪһѩҲС    üͷ֮ǰ»ҪѰаݣƹΪŮˣڲԶٴᵽƬѩȡ

ɽѩȡҲбҪȥ̽Ѱһˡ

գѰ½ɯơҩƳɹ

ΪɯƣӱȻʹתƽʱЩŵӲҽţҪŹɭϵеӿȻһСȻҽǵʦʹתʱ»һ°

ӵеַΧҺദûбֲ࣬ҲʲôŤ֮

ֻҪһţͻһֱšʦ棬֣Ӧ

ʱѰ´һ׼󣬱ɯһɫҩ衣

ҩ裬ɯһʱҲҪõϢЩҩӷ赼ɯеٺۣеľлͨ衣

ò˵߲ĵĹЧȻǿҲ˵ϣ

ѰƵҩڽɯ壬Ϣɢ֮һɹɼǿϢɯͷ˿ȫߣӶܹܵǹҩԵǿ͵ǹϢʱЩᷢС

ȻѰ¾һϸ۲ɯƱ仯

ֻҲûԤϵ߲ĵЧþ˵ǿ󣬴ʱɯʼȷ֮ʡȻɫһ䣬ãҩȫʣŲסˣ鷳ˡ

⻰ɫ䣬ɽеô죿

ѰɫأΪĵЧãҿҩĵķ벻ǿҩЧҲֻ÷ɢҩ취ˡ

ôɢҩӸоɯԽԽˣǼѰʡ

ȻҲЩֱԵǽڹʣļս뵽ڣҲ޷ҩͿתΪʽͷųȥڻԣ޷˹һжҪɣ

˵Ȼ΢΢һ졣סŵϣ˫˫ԣϢҽǹҩ˹ȡͣʱֹͣж

˵꣬Ȼ±㻺˹ơӡɯӸойϢӿȥЬӡססĴȻ˫ֱסʼǹҩӷǿս

ǹϢӵ֮Ӹоһһȼգڵ֮ŵζèһѸٵؾͽϢɣǣڵĺ֮ʱҲ˹Ҳڲεǹ

Ȼ߲ǿȷʵ̫ǿ ͺ޾һ㣬ʱڵ֮ǹϢѾڱ״̬ˣɸĺ֮飬ʱƺҲǿҪסһ㣬ٶҲڿʼ

ȻȴȻûнֻͣüա

ԼһĹ򣬵ӸоԼڵ֮Ѿﵽ˼£֮Ҳ׵ֹͣɺдڣоѾۿҪűˡ

ˣֹͣˣ

ڣѰ³ˣӸо֮Ȼջ֮ʱҲջ㡣뿪ɯĴ

ҪǸоܣ˹תͷŵҪӲţѰ¼ӵɫ죬ٴγѡ

ȷʵоǿҪűϢʱڵ֮ŰţѰµĻȥٴ˹

ȴе᲻ýޱȾͷŵ˷ˡʱڵȫѾǿϢУ־ȫ䵽ڵ֮Уѹ

Ҫѹⱻ֮ɵҲǼ򵥵飬ӳѹһ֮еʱ͸оǰƺһɽǿӵ־ȫУһѿɽ޸Ӻηؾɽȥ

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ʱͻȻһ𣬸оһɽһ㣬ǹǿϢ뵽֮к󡣵һϷ·ܵļѹǹɳӯ֮ϢҺ̬

΢΢𾪵ǣɽ֮ǹǷĵĺһ·񡣵ڶţţ

ֱһ֮ее֮ȫ̳Һ̬֮ǹʮֵĿ񱩣ڵֳڶ֮ӿȥ

ʱоѾЩ޷ɿ񱩵ˣǰʧصҲţƴе־βƣʹĺʼ

ǹȷʱڽӵĵڶ֮ԺȻǼΪǿÿһϡǱȥϵУ֮ϢΪҺ̬

ǣȻڽĿǿβƣЧǺǹռһϣҺ̬󡣴ʱʣڵ޵ŸǸ֮顣    ǣһǿȻ⺮֮鶼Ź

ܿأǺ֮ڱǿƵɽȥΪŵһ󽫺ȻҲ

ǣĺ֮ƺڱϣַһͻԵĸ

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ֻڽѾԾ֮γˣǹڵе֮ϢȫѹҺ̬֮һֳ͵ĸоǹŵȻȽǿ

ʱڵ޵Ŵ֮ţǻδӿĵޣ

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ڵĵڶޡԴű򿪺ﻳзƬδӿĴ*Ůء

ΪǾԵʣĿǰΪԭӲڿ޺󣬶Ҳ䱻ʱʦͽǸ׶ˡ

ûҵزᡷ֮ǰҪء

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ʱڵǹڳ˵֮к󣬴һɴݿ֮ƣʼЩδѨϽҵĳ

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һѨϱƿռ֮ǹȻִŲǾĵڶѨϳȥ

һս

֮еѨطǹʧصǹǿƣطֿ񱩵ĳ֮¡ֲƬ̣ܡ

ӴʱϵĺˮѾ͸

ÿһѨ֮ͻһֱʹĸоʹȴҪܣܲϲĸо

ˣȨסɿ񱩵ֻмſβƣÿǹβƱӿһַɢĸ֮кǹɱŵͷͻһЩϾû˺Ĳ䣬϶˥

սҲҪԣȡ˾֮ӦõļƲߡ

ʵֲ֤ǳɹġ

ǹͷڳ忪˵ʮѨϵʱ

ץסᣬɱתΪڿסβƺȻ󽥽ǰ죬ﵽܹסһ롣

䣡

ǹڳ忪ʮĿѨϵʱڿʼ˥ͬʱҲʧȥȨӳɹؿ



ڿסɼ֮˿Ȼǿʼŵ޵ÿУ޲ЩǿҳʱܵһЩˣʹԲ͡

ֱǹ˳Ȧ˵޵ı֮кʱ֮ͨϵѭתһ֮ڵ֮תڻָ

ҲһǾڵ֮еģÿ϶Һ״̬ǾһСǺˣһ֮ϢΧţֿҲһϵͳʹתǾʱɵ֮



ǹɲҩҲӵ壬ٴνϴӡ

չվо̩ͨĿͺ־һλѻǵϴһʹĹҲӾ

ϸָоӾʱͿʼ๦Ļ⼫Ϊι̵Ļһнˮɡ

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ͼɯʱƽڴϡƽȾȣϻһɳ졣ڴߴȻѰʦֶȴˡ

౻ӵĽŲѹӣҩȻ档ɯղѹһΣҰų壬˯ˡλŮҽ˵ϢӦþԶǱΪȥʱ䲻ֻǵʱҲЩƣͣȻȥϢˣɯһΣڷģ˿ɫѾˡ

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ʱһȥţŮӡʳУʦ棬÷ˣ

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ӿ˿ϵķȷʵܷʢʵˮ

ʱڽ˼ƺ˼һǷʢˡʱ۾ˣֽекóԵŶÿģ

θҲֻһЩ;ñˣֻ΢Цſ̻ʣ˼ҲǳԵСĹĵģĿĺ㣬ܸ˼ƺвˣҲǹſĵЦݡ

һĻӾãǴûй֮ǣÿģӦһȷľЩʷĳذӦСļ

գ֮ʱ

Ӵ赼ЩһЩ˵֮ʱͻȻһ˶Уһ˹

ڡ֭ҡͼɯڴϡŻдʹֵ˯ۡĴ

תӺ漴Ժ˫۾ϲشӴߵǰӣôףô쳤˺ö࣬˸Ƶģ

ӱɯĻʵ΢΢һ㶣ѾӣЦЦû¾ͺˣɽʱҴģ

ôҲͿɽ˵ţɯԼֻŵɴⶼѾйˡѽؽһ͸˵ӣȳȥһ·ٽŮб𣡡

ţɫЩŹ֣Ҳûʣȳš

֮룬˵ԼͿѵǵú

һﴫɯӣ

ֽݺ󣬾ͼɯϵı飬ǰʱǰ㴿飬鶯λá

ӣŶô˯һʵһӾͻ˰˼ʦôˣҿɱ͸絼³ˣ֪һһģ

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ɯͻȻôĽߺ㣬ôһѽǰ㻹˼أ

ɯĲǵ֮ǰɽţɽعȣ̷Щ㡱Ĳǵ𣿡

˵ʲôҲͿ𣿡ɯֵֹģڿЦɿʼ룬ֻһ;ͷۣɵѽͷʹҼǲ׷ʲôѽ

ѵѡʧ䣿һ䣬ɯֱȽϳ֢״

ʲôѡʧѽɯںૣɺʡ̧ͷǴϾӣǶμʹĸԴ㲻ǵҲãҲá

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ʱűƿˣ˼˽ɯƸ鶯Ư˹ֵӣ

㣬˭ѽɯЩĪʱ˼Ҳɯ֣ɯˣһһƻһԣ

ɩɯ⻰ɴ۾˼˼ƣ˭ôлұɩңһû˵ɯһֺۣˡ

ɯʱͻšҲ⣬ֻЦɯӵľĸ˼ӵıã˼ƾͽɩˣ㲻Ҫ֣

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˭ѽɯԽԽˣֿ˿Զ֡Ҵûǰ

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ӿһĻѾȷɯѡʧ䣬߹ʧˣԲǵ㣡

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ǧâںǷѽ˵ôôɯʧˣǵôѽ

һܹ̫˼ѹ;ĥѣټܹش̼ͱ֮󣬾ͻжʧ䣬ֻǵáҲһλ䣬ģ᲻ǵˣ

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㻹ǵĸĸ𣿡

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ΪʲôΪʲôҲǵøĸ˭ˡֻǵ͸磬ôɯͷʹᶼ˳

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Ȼ¹Źֵؿһۣѵ㲻ļָʧҲõģٻصĻЩʶӰͻģ

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ӵ˵ţתɯĳҪˣԽ࣬ĵʹͻԽࡣǵˡ¿ʼǸ𣿡

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Ѿְ겻⵽ξУʵ

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ɯղŵͷۡҲԸ룬ܿģ̲ס˼ӤʵСÿɰŶȥɣ

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Цݣů⣬ˮ˵·ů޷԰Σ⾹һֱ͸Цݡ

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Ҳͬ뷨ǶЦݵȴǴͬ    ΪǻЦΪЦΪǿĵЦΪЦΪЦ˾ãһаȵЦ

Ȼ±ǸΪаЦݵˣΪЦܹӳ˼һִ͸˸оΪһʲôˣЦݣܷӳ˵ʣΪ֮ǰӶȻһΪͻƤӡΪаȵЦ

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ֻ޿Īŵ⣬Ҫǹ㡣ԼŰ죡Ȼ˵ţͽ֡    ֮Щ鲼ҲһɵУһƬϢ

ӷųӦ̽鵽Ȼ˵ǸֻޡֻƤëɫԵСɿɰ

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ӵЩˣС굹޺ӣûȻ˵ôײУҲǸСȻ²ԹǰУҲûʣ첽ϡ

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Ȼ´Ӳûפ㣬һȣ߹һȸǽ֮һµãΪá

ӽ֮󣬾ͼվһЩŮˣѰºȻУƽؿ˸ͷŮһڴ

е룬ʱվһλҲʮĸ˴ŮˣҲɴ˾ò졣ܿҲһЩͬ·УһŮӶǴɴģһȴûдɴȻ¾ǸɴģӾ֡

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ӿݺϸ룬ȴǳһô㣿

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ȴζ벻λţվǰһŸ·峤ϡ

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⻰Ϊʲôೡ֮УֻʦӰȴʼղʥĳ֣ԭνʥԼ

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ſѰŶӵӣɯ֮£Ծڴˣ֪壬 ŮӾǿԳ޵ģΪĹĸȻܴĸΪɯ

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ƥܲ˶еκϣתһˣɽ̫֮ʧˡ

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һʧȥġ֮ͷʵΪͷԴӵһ֮ûһ׼ȷġ

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һ񻨶ԴʱǷݸ껹зŭѾӰУֻһͷǾҵǸһݺݵؽ˺ã̽Խͷ֮ޡ

ΪһزʶˣΪһν֮ˣⶫϣѾ˰ˣΣҲûùôʱ䡣

񻨶䲻ףΪ֮˵ʲôôƶᣬ׷Ѱ˵ĽŲ

˿ʼΪҲɽԵЩʱͻȻ֮УʻŻ

ģһλװƤ꺺ӣߣһλĻͷԵ꣬ʻ֮к󡣾װһֱı򣬳ɽʻȥ

ԱߵǵһԵЩ棬ʣ壬濴ûɽǻ᲻֮·ѽ㻹ǵɽ·Ҿ˾˻𣿡

СүɽƮ֮أȻڳƹѩ֮䣬ƹ֪˲࣬ŵϵΪңˣܣһҪṩŵʣŵٶ궦ʢ˥ľ桱

ŵֵ壬ôǼңӦûҰɣ

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壬ǰˣ᲻Ǿ˾ˣͻȻָǰһƬģĺڵ˵

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ֹֺ󣬴᳽ֻۣ·ѣҲδʲôɽϴҲ߽ģ

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λǰɽɣչٷһγ䵱˹·ˡһ˴ɽ

  

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Ϊ˲½⣬ӻҧţʱԼ־ȫʮӡ֮ϡ

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ӿǱϵķݡͷ·ǿ˼ջĶһſţСȻ



ӿǱ沷ϢĹʧԼаʱߣʱ¿һӲŽЩǿ׼ϰһʱͻȻԺ֮жʱܵһɳع

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˵ߣظһ䡣ʵʦܣ˵ȻɶķӦף

첨ĹȻ֪ͷʦ㣬ϰһֽ첨ĹֹɶϢҪ󼫸ߣⷽ滹Щĵõģ

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첨ͿĹ𣬵ؾĳ̶ȣ˭ѽӵ

첨ҲҪڷϰĹԽǿʱŹŵԽ󣬵ᵽһɽӵǹʱȻסŹ˵쾳ΪԽʱŹʱЧԽǿҲҲһŶһ޶ľˣΪؾ̶߱

Ҳ˵ֹҵΪʱ仯Щȡ    ȷˣΪǿ֮ĹչԼǿֱԽص㡣ʹʼ׶ĹҲһܹӵеؾ׶εǿص㣬ûΪϵƣȻҲһԷΪڵؾ׶εĸ

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ںӲаҲûƿʯãϲڶ֮Щʯͷãλ᲻ų⡣

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ʯͷõľ֮ʱȴֹ֪Źֵʲôĺ֪Σ½   ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧ĶԻѮɹɡ

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Ȼʳ˹ʳзºֵ˼ƣԷˣΪʦ˺óԵģ

ۣʦã˼һҲˣ˵طɱ˹ԼʳУ˺ܷʢɯ㣬ѾǱˣôҪټһѽţֻѰ½ʦҸôã˵ҪǱʦѰ½ҲȢ Ժһأ

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Ȼһ⻰ʱ˴źεѰȴѵõһϹ˺ϼС˼ƣôܸ˵Щѽ֪Ϊʲôȴ֪ѰԼЩŹ֣ˡ

С˼ƳŶСĹĵģ׻˵罫һΪ춯صĴ߶༸֪Ƕ༸Ǻģ˵·ô۲ʦѰ½ʣ׻˵ʦֱơѰ½Ӳʺұ

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˼ƿȻµɫ˵˵ƼҵѪϾ ҺֻĻôһ˿ˣñȢӣ˵ܴǶŮȴɵֻɯһ˺ã׼ȱԺ󡣺úȰȰһأ

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˾סԺ֮Уÿ죬ᵽŪµľӴŪ죬ܵǸ̵ǺͶԵÿ壬ֺ

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סеĲԶǧâڡҲÿһͳšԶԶϰǺħŮסǣʵʩ̱ӵ顣

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·¶Уʱ֮Ƕ֮кХԶԶŵľѺķŭʹСɽᷢ΢΢Ĳ

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ʱ¶Уڽ״̬֮Ҳγһжϵѭ֮УףǶеʯþ֮Ľ

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Ӳͣ־߶Ⱦ޷Ҳ˵벻ֹͣʹûһβܵ˼Ϊص͸֧

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뷨Ҳûһֱȥǿжӵѭ״̬

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˵ֱһ˵ܹɹǰ˵еĸԪ״̬ôõһӳһԺ˾ʥ״̬£˳ϡؾľ硣

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ʱɡܹõһӳĻᡣҽһϵʱСĻᡣǼΪѵõġ

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ӵʱʱһõӰӣƺҪӵ֮Ҫһ㡣

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ӵڲɱ̵ʱ򣬶ǵǡʱȻûֹͣƺ㲻״̬û˱ľ֮󣬻ǵٶȼÿһڹ̶Եķ֮ʱȻβ֮γЧȴǸӵǿɽеǶ䷢¡

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ʱɯС죬ȵʧ˵ӻعֽļ§˹ڻԵСԳ˵ú£СԳѾ˽Ҫͷˣֹܼȥôܽɹ

˵ʱܾļйɹֵֹĸо˵

ʱҲԸоɯڲǱתͷ漴ɴ۾ַһֲŲŲ§ľѰ£ɯȴվһ߿һЦ

Ѱ£㣬ôɯ·ԲҲŲţ

Ѱʱ䣬Ѿøһӷ֮֮ųһһ֮󣬾ͷɱ˾á    ʱѾû˼ȥעСԳĽɯҲӣѸٽſڣڸʲôô£

ɯһСŮվǰ֣ģȴӣ㣬Ų§Ѱ½ʱûʲôо

˵ʲôʲôо˵ͻȻЩ˵ȥˣϸһ룬ղǾٶǲеģҲûиоɯֱֵѰҶ죬첻ǾѰ¡

һ뵽ˣӵı͹Źɯǲʲôң⵽ô£

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ȣ籭ߣûдϣƼƱ

  Ѱµ״

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ôһ˵⵽ȷʵЩŹ֡ǰ;þѰµΪ죬ľӦеģǼʹʵ顣ܵóʲôĽۣӿСԳĽڳţתɯ

ɯĸ˵Ѱ½ѰҩʱھɽϼģѰ½㵱ʱӤʱ޵ȻޣĸʱҲܸоѰ½̫ϳˣҹ˺ܶ꣬ƺûʲô¶Ѱ½ľҹĸԹΣڱɽʱһ

˵ţɯӣǣڽԺľˣȻ˿ĸԵܹоԹĸ͸£Ӵҹ۲Ѱ½ֵı仯ʲôԭɵġҲܺѰ½ҵһЩ

һŹֵصɯɯ飬ȻŹ֣һ˵ľ־ڿƣ˵ľʹֲͬԸҲҵ־ǱĳЩӰ죬ַͨʽ֤ѵõ۵ģ

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ԴˣӲһЦ㽫˽ʵܸоóѰµֹŹֵΪ仯ܻǶҶԵʡһԭ㲻ضǣ

ɯȴǽͷۣ˺ɵһ㶼Ů˼

ɵɵ⻰û𣿡ӹǣȴѾѰµֱ仯Ʋ⵽˼ܣ±ڣѪ񡣻вѪеǿžŲʵСΪЩܹӰ쵽˵ľĶ

쿴СԳҪˣ

ʱͼ̨֮ϵСԳϵĹڿʼ䵭嶯˶ȫ֮󣬱㴫һǵ졣

ӸоõСԳʱѪҺٶȼӿ죬ƵҲǳĸߣǳ˵Ķӣʱһһģüͷǵֻ۾֮ŵĹ󽥽ʧ֮۾ͻȻϣֻʣһ졣

֨֨

̴ԼԼһĹ֮ʱСԳһתѹ̨Ĵ

ӺɯʱͻȻ۾һ˸֮󣬾ҪӼϣĹһ£Щ䵽ϣס

СԳϵëˣӽס󣬸оһ˿УǿǽʵƤĤ

СԳôǸιЩԵİɣɯСԳӣͬĶʱʼġ

Ҳã󲹵Ļ²̫ãͨȻķʽָǳȥɣ˵ţ˴СԳ˾á

˾ңߵദͼѰվһԱЩڷɯ£˹ȥͻȻѰµļ򣺡Ѱ½㣬

ʱѰͻȻת֮ͻȻųһɹĹâһɯսһۣɯˣɾһŵ˼

ʱӵֱŵСԳʱҲԵƬ־壬͵ȥ㵽Եʮη塣

Ҳ죬ǰѰ£ʲô£    ɯ֪׷ʲô£Щδ㡣ôˣ

ʱѰڻعָɯһδӣһʹصɯãԲҲ֪ղΪʲôֻǾҵ֮ʲôڿʼѣҾò뵽һЩѮɹϸڻ橲һ

ԵԽĹˣӼѰƽ࣬ʵܳʱʲôо˵㵱ʱʲô㻹ܻ𣿡

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ӣô죬Ѱ½᲻£ҪҪ߹ĸɯЩǵؿѰܿıӰ

룬ȱܿ۲һ˵ƽ󣬻᲻ٳֵֹĻٸţ͸¶Ρҵһʦ㣡

ͬʱɽ

СϪߣ̱壬ߵʱӵʱֶ¡漴üͷһĬĬһɫʱù

̵֣Ϊγٳٲӣ

֣֮УһЩӣ

̵ڴǰڡһλͬʦλ֮ˣڻ´Ͽߵ λʦȥŵӾͺˣ񣬲һˣΪдһʣ

Ҵĺ˽ϡͲ壬ǵһ볣˵ĺƣһЩǷŵɲǼ䣬ȴоɽгһɺǿⲢǳӵеģԲŻ֣

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͵ʵϼңԹžһ֮ͨ򣬻һɸԤ֪츳

ǧطȻ治аϷյ˼ʶ̸ź

ֹˣ֮ϵҲҲŸСһһ꣬ҵǶβ׵ӣɿЦ

ˣȴ΢΢һЦӦ֪Ʈ޶ͬϷǣĪ⡣ʹݲ飬Ҫһǡ

˵ţ̼һӡ䣬ЦЦӵվ͵˰ɣӦʱŵȥϷҲ棬ͬȥɣ

ôˣͷ֮󣬶ͷͽ֣ʧ    ʮպӵ徭⼸ĵָѾ׵Ļָ״̬

⼸ɯ˸ѰһҲʱΪ衣ϰ裬˵ǹһõʱ⡣

ӦҪ¶ҲٶŮ鳤²ԶǧâڶĽȡȻֽһЩµȽϿѧķ֮һٴλص¶

λص¶ºûڶУӺ˼ûлӦԼ֮ǰָǸʼ

һΣ׼֣

Ǵͨαչأһͻʦϣҽ˻ָ첨̲оһ֪γ֮ͱɽЩδɵˡ

ϴʯҲֻһϰߡʵⶴ֮һޱȾţûκ˴ţǾѵ֮Բþ󣬾Щˡ

˵˻ӵǴľֹ˸ԪĺҲһջ

ʱڣϴѭľ飬Ҳ涴֮еʯþ󣬶ֱʯ֮ϣ㿪ʼ

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ƹϱ߳˷޳ǣСһƬƬҰĹӳ¡Ӱ飬ϵػζš

ǰһλ۵Ů˾һߣһڹӣŶ̰СȡʱָĦţǰ֮µһȵĺ̶ɡ

Ķϣʱһλ۵ˣȫסˣֻ¶һ˫۾֮ơ

ʱӣͳ˵̹㵽ѾЩͷˣЩһЩҲ֪ҲƽϣֻΣΪûаҵҪ

˵ɣ̹Ȼڵϣ㲻Ҫݵĵʧͷԣ֪ǸɱãȴҪִΪ֮עЩ飬ҲۣͳƱ߾ʮ಻ҵƿ֮УҪͼ֮û׼ãھͶԳƻʵʩӰ죬ػǵģ

һѵʱ۹ʮմƿݡƻʵ۵мСʤҲСͷˣһǽһҰܣضἤŭƻʵ̫Ӽƻʵ۶ԴǬݲԭ֮شѾãôᣡ

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תʱʱͻȻסһѽ뻳Ử壬ϵ˵ˣǲǸ˵˵֮ˣ

̹˻˫ֵĲҲ⣬ԵϣҪ壬ӦÿǺһŮӣûʸٵʥŮģϲںƾϡ

˵˵־ͷſתֵղֻһ̽Щ꣬ûջ䣬»ΪֹҪڰ֮󣬿ƶֱ̤Ǭݲԭ

˵ţ˾ͳҡܿʧ١

̹Ծ֮УߵһǽǡһأЩ¸̨֮ɣ֪ô֮ǵ˳룬£ȥҧص㻹ҪԳ䣬ֻҪһɽж

ǣҵİúһԶ

ã̹۲һĨ޵Ĺâ૵ֻҪϥκ˽£ҵʹࡣҪǼӱ

ƹϱ߾

Ѿսǣ´̹ʬأսҡһȺʿҹ¡ɨ£λĹȻæµš

Զ˵սԶһɭϾӪ֮Сҹδɫأһͼڽŵ鲿ţ˴۹ڣȻмСʤȴֹۣΪսе㳤ˡ

ǵһ㣬ִͬͽֱվ·ľ񡣸һС

ʱʽһУ٣λһƽ˵Ҫ̽

ЩԻҹһۡ

Уٳ֮󣬲úһλ꣬һˣЩȵΰֵܣô

λƽꡣͿΰҹ󡣱ȡһŵǴӾǴλĿ

ҹӹź󣬿˿üͷһȻɿݿݶݵΰ˭дΪҪҾÿպʮһֱ˵ݳǸأ

ɶ˭ֱҲ̫ӵһתλ˵ţͿΰߵԶ˶Ｘ䣬һɫ䡣

ݵµ档Ѿͣк󻼰

ȫ³ʱŭϾ֧ԮǺλٶᣡͿΰ

Ľҹʱ

ĩڣ׵

ȥղݲأϳκκ˧еҹĽȥʱͿΰóһŵȻѾ뽫Ŀ֮ˣһҪλСĽ䱸Է˲ȡİɱжἰ¸ǣ

˵ţͿΰȭͳӪʣʱӪ滹һ׵ĻڵȺ򣬶֮󡣱뿪Ӫ򶫶ȥ

·ϣͿΰɴ磬Щ׻ƾַǣת֡ڣбҪô

бҪɵ˵ǴУʼնǱԼ׻ƾֱֲӸͨУʱҪж²ۼߵĴ㣬Ҳʱ¸˴ϣﵽԼĿģ

ɴһкδ㣿ͿΰҪһͬؾô

ɵǰɽܾҪֵ»Ҫΰүɾپᣡ

Ϳΰͷ˹ɽ֮󣬱ֵɳʻʮһεɽ֮к󣬷ųѶţɽ֮źŻӦɽ֡

ɽ֮йΧ鲼ͨ·ϵʶĿмľݡм˾ӭ˳

ɽһӺ󣬴ʱһλ׻ƾʽۣͷѾϹŮӾСɱȭܹܣͨͿΰɱӪһѾݼᣬ½ݸ

ͷ˴¹شҲɱӪһж鱨ѾǰϡһġͨƻҲ룬Ѿһ꾡жؽ½вã

ɽӹ֮󣬱ȭҪ뿪ʱͻȻסʣʲôϢ    ϴΰһҽʦ򸾴Ϣ⣬дûκϢˣɵ

ȥɣ

ɳȥ۲к˼ϵķǣ૵ʱ鱨ϵͳ裬ûиУʮɣǵļƷ Ҳʼǰʵʩˣ

ɽ¶С

һɹɾڶ֮Ĵţڶ֮Сÿɽǿѭ֮ʱǹǿ

อڴﵽһּ޴״̬£ͻƤγĬϣһȫת

ȻҲֻһǰ

ӽǱʹÿһγ״̬֮󣬴ʱڵȫҺ̬Ϣųǿʼӵ֮пʼӿǿ֮ʱĲʹǿ״̬ǿԣͨѪƤĲ֡ѿʼһϳȥ

  ʦ

ϵʱһɺǳӿ֮ҴڣʱһŻտ

ͺñȷˮ֮бĹͷϴ֮£Ϣ֮ʱĸڸת£ÿһǿ׹ĵûĽƤĤ֮һ

ʿƤ⣬ʦǵʱŹ֮ĲĦУȻһɶԵķâ    ʦĽ׶ΣǽǰֻںȻͨĽϣһԣʵߵһѾһֻӴĲΡֱӵıʽõԡ

ֻһʦڴﵽ֮ҪһЩεĹȺϣսǿȴһָ߲ΣӶﵽ̥ǵЧ

ڻӶԣӵǾĸţǰǾĸԼǿУεϴ裬͸ڹ⹦ںһһޱȼʵĻ

һ֮ҪһȻḶ́˵Ҫӵεʵͱӵεǿ֧ŲҲ׳ͿԵģҪΣͱͨϴԼ־֮ǿЧõ壬ô֮·һ硣

Ȼ֮Ҳ־ҲҪҪעصģӵ˾ܹЧ֮˲µ־Ϊο־Ȼʮǿ

ۺϵЩأǰѾ߱ĻʹھԪ֮ʦĵ·ߵıȱ˳

ÿͻһεıϴӶҪͻϣϣˣϴԭеһֿ̡

δ֮ôһµ̨ס

ʱ򣬵ǿ־Ĺƶ֮£ʱ·֮һֻһǻӰһŤĸ첲ȡ·һһ㣬ŤţԵޱȵĹ졣

̣˴ԼһĹ򣬵ٴѭŤķȿʼ͡ͺӱš˾ֵһЩ졣

ŤƽϢ֮󣬴ʱȻ׵ĳ忪ǰ·ϵһϡ

ˣ

ʱѪڲ·Ĵӣ費йͷ춯ͬʱǹͺҲ˻ԣҲǹ֧䣬ڿʼ

ˣӸӦ֮е뼡תʱԼ־ڽƤĤ֮ʱγһʶ̬Чƣߵһγһ塣ѾֲǽǣֻҪһЩλͬʱֱӦ

ֻ־ʼרעε̽ʱ־ӦϵģѪ衣

һڳʦ·ϵһϰ֮ڴﵽƤں֮󣬳ɹعɵѪĽ׶Ρ

Ҳ˵һ̣ӵ磬һʵԵͻƣ

ʦ

Ϊ֮ŬܶΪ֮ױŬĿꡣ

һ̣һϵеԼиļ뺥ŬڴﵽѾܹĸ߶ȡ

ʦͨ䣬ѾվǿߵĶ

ֻжʮӡͻͽٶȽʦ󣬻˴𺶡

һλΪͻ쾳ԣĽҲֻοһЦˡ

ʱڸоǿ̶һոµĲΣҶҲ˸Զ֮õ䣬λѨҲ˸һչ֮Žչ۾

۾ɲǣǶ֮Уһһչͼ˲ֶ    Ȼ֪ġǿգǵĳǡ

²֪ʲôʱ˶֮Уվʦ㣬ͻˣ

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ҲЩܣһʦ㣬ɷʦѪĹ

һȴҡͷʦܣֵľ绹ȹ̣Ѫ֮Ҳ˾֮ѶҲΣյһ׶Σֱӹغʥں׶λҪһҪĹγʥ壬Ѫ蹦ɼһʱ

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˵¶˶٣ӣҵ֮ȴͬŵ¾ʺ㣬γʥ壬ͻƽ˾֮ǾͳֻּǸҲҪȥѰزˣԭ㻹Ƚһ£ٴӡʮʽЩʱգٴ㡰ѪһЩɣ

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ӴӡʮʽӦ᷽ʱҪעһЩֻζһһ

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𵤽֮󣬾һöըһ㣬һɹӿȵѸٵر忪ʼĴӡ

ⱾھؾҾ޵νɵĽ𵤣̺һɼ侫ԭǴڽʦĹؼʱõģµһϮӸı⣬ͻ֮ʹá

ڷö޽֮ᵽھβͬʱʹЩƷʱĹЧ

ȻڽųӿŰȴܹסǣΪʦǲϰѾͻƣͳ˴󲹣ӿǣϵǿ塣

ؾγɵľˣںеʱӸоǰδеĳ棬ʱоھȼһ֮ѻ֮Ϊ泩ʹ֮еëſ



  

޽𵤵ͷŵǸȽֹ    ӵľûΪǽ𵤴Ĵ󲹶ܵ˿Ӱ졣ڿǿͬʱҲڽһͻƽʦ֮ʵ

һֱ˽ʱʱӲŸо𵤵ڿʼתѾȫա

ʱо˱ըԵʣǲֻûдʱҲûмչ̣ǵϢ֮һȵӺӿ



·ʡӷһ첨ĹΪõ˼ǿųһ춯أ쳹

˶ߣ

ʱһ𶯣첨֮֮ĳɶ˹ʹû·Сɽ˾ҵĲ

ɶؼһһڸ

ӽ񻨶֮󣬷΢΢ʹڴḺ́жϣſ۾󡣲ѿڴһ

䡣мľ̵꣬Ϣ֮бɵĹҪؼ黨ľ֮еԣǣҪľҪʱұƽͣŲʹֲ﹵֮ͨʱжϣ

񻨶ˣȴֹѣǸһﵽôģΪʲôΪͻƵô죬һ࣬ȻֽˡֱǸ̬

Ц䣬κҪΪͻƣ벻Ŭ֣ȻһЩȻǺˣҲ벻Ŭ

Ǽʱʱ޵زڵĳɾ͡Ϊ档ֻǲ˽ˣٵչ𾪡

뵱㻹֮ʱǸʦ㻹ǻȴѾͻʦⲢǱ̵ĹĹǶ˼氡

ߡҲֻǲͻƶѡСһᳬԽģϴȻɢҵĻǳһΡһù

񻨶߷˵ţһν״̬

ȴͻȻЦˡ

·ϣ͵Ĳݵ֮ϣһ鶯Ӱ衣

ڶ׶ε֮ɯÿ컨ʱҲԽԽˣ´ڸĻĹҲû¡

ʵɯ֪İڵһͻˣͻ֮ˣ뿪ɽôԼúȥδӣ

ǰ·˾ܻΪĸߣԼҪɽǳõ˼ȴ

ɯǸ¸ҵŮӣֿ˼ӣȻڻ䲻ǰЩƬϣıܸоСֵȴ̡

ԣһֱԼһҪŬԼǿԼΪĸһҪͣ

ҪԶһ𣬲жѣ

ɯһֱԼһ仰Ͷ뵽֮кҲǽչ١

ɯԼҲ֪߲ʵԳ֮Ѫƶɵҩϴ¡Ѿһ̥Ǻϴëľټɯкܸߵ츳ʹչ١

ƺ˶ܵһЩӰ졣ɯڷʱҲŬš

ѰԴӳֹ״֮󣬸ɯһʱľƽ֮£״ǳֵĽһЩ    ѰµУ֪Ѿһڿʼѿ ʱֵܺı仯ջһˣʱҲ档ԼΪʲôЩ״ȥ̽һ

ѰҲûɯһ𣬿ʼչо

䣡

¶һ죬ضɽҡʯм׷ɡ

һָͣͰһƣǾֹġȴ𶯡

Ǿͻ֮˻ָô

¶еʯӲ֪ЩʲôʯͷӲȺض֮߳󡣻̲һǰӡȫҲ޷һʯ顣

һ̣о˻ָǿ󣬲ҽԼǿǹϢں֮֮һ͵һѹͷų󣬾ֻһָͽޱȼӲʯɷ顣

һָ֮жʮ֮һ޴ĵʯ֮һĶףʹǿʯ΢Ĺѣ

ʮҲ൱ڶʮ׵ľ룬ڶƣҲԶѾ˻ָӸεĿоֳĸǿЧԶһЩԵһѳǹʹˡ

һġ֡ǹȥĲӵǱǿϢ֮ԼϺ󣬾ѹͷһ͵ɴ͸ԼǿбԵѸҺϢӵҪֲ

֪¶бչعʦΪо˻ָ꣬첨ԼʮӡĹ¹ȥˡ



¶ƺʱ̲ٳӵһ죬ʹù ֮һη˲Ҷ֮Ѿʼʱ䱻ɢʯ䣬ԵһƬǽ塣

һµʱ䣬ճɹڶʮӡֳ֮ǿЧ

ıչأʹӵΪһʵɱҸʹĹҲͬõʵԷԾǿ˳ʦڵĹɡ    ʱʱӱչڵĶ

Сӣ㻹ڡ¿ڵĶڵǽģ˵һ䡣һ֡˶پһϮЩʯͱɨһգѻһ

һֱҲûЩʱҲеΡ

´ӼۡڵΪȹȻҪֲϵ̡ѭ򽥽ɣܻһЩҲˣ

⻰һ

µҵ˼ǣҪȥѰزˡֵĵΪ˾ʥһѾκβˣ·ʱҲһЩۺΣգǸӣӦܹӦ㴫һ֮

֮Ṧеɻ

ŹϸҪμǣ㴫㷽

ţ񣬱µŹ֮ͨͬԽ֮ɶжĹУͨģԼϢ֮ĲǺϺ󣬲һƣȻ

һ֮¶ŹһϸķſʼӦõźͷǿУϻζ

Ҳ⣬صһơĽáģơԼϣʹԼëȻٿơͨٽợγɵࡣ߱ڵЧ

¸һЩʱᣬ֮󣬱¶ָŶɽ壬Źݹȥ

ӿŶɽ壬ּ´¶ľ롣ʱһʮ°֪Σ½  ½ڸࡣ֧ߣ֧Ķ

 һ ʮӡ

ççɽ죬ŷɹ         ɽеһ羰֮ϣһɫƲֵСɽΡɽ֮䡣

ٿȻ

Сɽ֮䣬һӰӾ羰ķݡ֮һݶһ̡䵽ɽôһ㣬ѵˮëһٶڶɽ֮ϡ

ƬӰ£ɢȥغ󣬱һλƮݵӢӣӡ

ʱϹһ˿Ȼ΢Цվɽ֮ϸȺɽһƬ泩

ϰҲķһ

ɽ֮ϰЩµ⣬ˣ£Ⱥɽľ룬ϵϰôҪ˷ϰ

Ȼȥһʱ˷жµĹ˼ɣȻʱлϰûʮʱ䲻ϵϰڳ׵Ľա

֮Ĺ֮Ӳ˵Ϊ֮֮ͨͬ䣬ͨԼϢǣ֮һɶһƣӶʹëһ㡣

ֻŹһɣֻܹڿ֮ڿͣʱϳһЩһҵͨٽƣܹγԣľѵˮ֮ɶݶߵЧ

Ź֮Ҳûɽͣʱͼһݣӥ̿գɽ֮£ȻһҵһʯΪ㣬ͨʯһݣݵӸɽ

⣡⣡⣡

֮мٴνһݣ˱ٴηһ̣ݵ¶¡

ڶ֮񣬴ӽ˶֮ͷȻǿ벻ô̵ʱŹ󻹿ԼԵҲڽ͵Ĺ費ϰǣ

ʦ㣬Ҽˣ

ӹӦ¸һЩ飬һЩϵļɣԶԼҪЧ

չԶȵȻиʦָǲһЩεɽ֮У֮ܽҪһξ

Уĵָڣо壬ټµǢദѾԾأԼŵһӡ

ƺܹܵһ̵仯ֻͷ΢ЦʦܣʦԵŽԵݣʦ㲻ˣмֻҪž㹻ˡˣұ㴫ʣµʮʽӡСѪʵüɣ

˵꣬һӾ͸оһѸڶ֮ӿŻ⻬ĶڣʱͻȻ

ҲǼĹӾͿǽֳ֮һЩԵݣлһЩͶӰһӰ񡣿ֱ

ӲҷģȫͶ淢ǽ֮ϣμݣ

¼ʮͶڼݣҲûٳš㾲һ߼񡭡

ӴʱȻʱ䣬ԼȫĵͶ뵽Щ֮С

ʱ֮󣬣

ӽȫμ֮󣬴ʱǽϵݿʼȥֱ֮һݻζǷĶʱâ㳹׵ʧ

ʱŵʦܣ£

ȫˣʦ㣡ںӵͷ

µͷָʦܣġ׹Ҫֺܳһʱ䡣ҲԱӶݡЩĻԵԣǽʱҪмǣð벽ΪӪ

ӡĺʽÿһʽõʮִ֮ ſɳһʽǡѪҲһѪ˵ڣǧ򲻿⣬ʱҪʱ̾ѣɾʥҲһһϦ֮£ʹɾʥ壬ͻ˾ʥıϣҲޱȵļѣҲҪһźģ

ӵͷЩ̸֮Ҳμ

ˣԳˡŪѾڻµȺˣ֪ЩңҶŪ½ˣԻģȥɡ

֪γ֮ҪɽˣؿһۡȻһֱɴܶ

ת׼뿪ʱͻȻ˵ʦܣסʦ˵ĻѰزǧĪͬĵ·ʱ򡣵˵ﵽһ̶ȺпܾߵѣҲᱳ 

˵仰󣬱ʧ˶֮УֻӾվԻص仰    ´ʱٻصľõĲͬȴ˼Īľη

ɽ֮Ū¶һѾڵеȺˣȻСŮͯòȴȻоùŹˡ

Ū֮󣬱ֱӿżɽ˵ʦ壬ʦѾ˴ɽǰѩȣҪһˣ򵼣

˭

ŪµˣѰ£

ΪʲôѵʦҲ֪ѰµĲͬѰ



ŪµѰµ£ʦȷʵ֪ģ´⺢ ʱ򣬲ʦ״ԴӷͬѰû˵ʦ²⺢ӿ밬ݵʧйأѩһأʦѰµܵõЩ飬ǳܹƲ⣬ҲҪԵ

뵽ͬУ˵ĵڶַ˵ѵѰ¾Ǹ밬ͬˣ

Ūҡͷⲻһ£Ѱ»Сʱ򣬲ʦΪݹǽʦʱ֣û֪ʱʲôֻ˵ǴԵֱɽʱѰ²ŷһЩֵı仯⿪ԵĹؼϵѪĶ

ǸСôжʱ뵽֮зֵǸС񶼲֪ǵʲôʲô



ŪҲ£ֵʦɽг̣Ѿ׵ˡͬСʦ廹ҪʲôҪģ

ǰҰѰһ˵֪Ϣӵ

ŵṩϢǶǰƳǸѪɽ¾ʱһ˵·ߣʱǾ󡣵֪ǱһԼ˵׷ɱ£Ϊ˲ŵҴ鷳ֻʹ˴Ҵ뿪ˡµǸ֣ǽ

ŵҵ˿ᵽǳĸȥ˵ģ

ŵûʲôṩµѾȥˣʲôӻ֪ͨʦģ

ӳ֮ʣʱŪֵʦ˴ǰѩȣ;ᾭƳǣҲһ£

Ȼ˳·һȥһٿɣ

Ҫ뿪ʱŪѵʦ壬·Ͽܻ裬赱СģҪѪɽĻҪСĽһɱ֯ܲڡҪǷͻ





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һдУȻɽ⣬ȴȻǷԻһѩ

ʱһʱ䣬ɽٴ̤Ƿѩ·;ʱȴһᡣ

Ȼɽɽѩѩ

ˣȴѲͬ

ѩ֮Уһжɽĵؽ֮󣬺ܿ챻ؼƬɣһϸСĺڵ㡣

֮УƱϵѱ£һϮڱʡǼ磬ʹһɶصʡʻѩ֮ϣ·Ϊһ塣

еһӣҲ¡ԵºͶţ棬᳽

ǵɯѰ¸һɴǰʢѩһѩСаɯǼ硣Ѱһѩ磬ããѩ֮ϣŮ ʹ֮ǰѩҲӳĵùâ䡣

ǰеģԳģǲϰϺһֱ

Ψе񻨶мΪգҲҪģˮƽʵڲôټһӣȥҧԸɴ۲Ϊ֮з

˴ǰѩȣûдҪôˣɯôȰ˵ʼղϴɽУִҪ¡ֻôһ·ˡ

ʵӴӦɯˣԭ򡣻ΪѰµԵʡ

Ѱϵı仯ܴԸҲٷһЩת䣬˲׵ʲôԭʹѰ¾˸һɯ֮⣬˺ѽӽȴת

Ȼļ˲סѰµЩ仯صйأҲҿգ֪Ѫ֮ŵС򡣵ʲô

ɽλڳƹѩ򽻽ĵشѰɼҩģλ򵼣һ˵г̺ܿ졣

һ·Сڵհʱ򡣱ִ·;оһǳ

һƳǡ

ո·Щƣһ˵Ƴ֮󣬾׼ҼҿջЪϢ

Ƴǵĳǳعģ˿ƺҲ࣬ڷѩԵʣԵñȽ壬Ҳֻȿļæµ

ҲȽϺҡһ˽˳֮ڴһ۱ܿ

ֻǵһջʱʱͻȻ˼ջ壬һפջϰȴҪţ񲢲Ըǵ⣬һ˵أ鷳ˣ

ͣǿջȥͼȻһλӵ˴˼ۣʹҴҿʼţǰ˼ǣ﷢ʲô£

ֻӻ䣬ʱͻȻһӵһ·벽Ѹٵس

ӽ֮ʱͼӹٸĹԱＱԻ󲻽ʱǹٱ㽫Χ

ǸʲôģӹٱΧס֮ʱһλƹٷУٱѰʣȴסڴѰºɯ

ȴЦһѵλûԶˣסô    ǳת̧۴ӼۣʱҲ壬ճƵƵѪֵֶμΪ 걻ģĶҲⶾ֡κߡҪܼ飬ԷٴǱ

걻ģ⻰Щݣʲô˾Ȳ̵顣ֻЩ˲鲻ȴ·ˣв졣λٵؿ̲飬ѵΪѪĿŵҡڵڽйô

˵ţһ䣺λĪץ˻ȥӦ£

㣬Уٱ˵ ʱ͡Сӣôϻֲϳܼ飡



ֺĹٱʱҲûʲôɫһȡʦţʱһǿѹǵصϮΧѩʱǱһ紵¿ڶֶɱ

ͨ

ǿϢѹλУٴʱģջûվȣͨأȫѪڣȴ캧ˣصڵϣҲվ

Χ˵ЩʿǣʱҲһͺȣ׷ĵءеѪʱ˶

ĸ֣֮ϣ

ʿƲԣûһʵھżʦģ֮زز˼״Ҳ׷ӡ

ʱֻʣλУѩ֮ϣԵʮֿ־塣

ʱӣλָʹǹ̽ǵģǲŽǣ˶ˡĿʲôӦҲ²⵽ˣ

ӵͷҲУ٣ǰУҽƹʱ򣬾˴СԳ⣬ҪɱҡȻһ꣬Щδػģ˴ô˳СĿڶࡣȻ޷٣

ϣ˴ѩ֮УĪҪΪˣ

˼ţ֮ȴǺһҲЩ̰֮ķĹ

·ߵҿջţסˣӱڳһҿջ

ֻһ߹һӵʱ򣬾ͻȻܳһλ긾ˡס˵ȥ·漴ߵѰ¸ǰƺϳʲôǱͨһѰǰߺŮҽεˡȾҸװɣĺأ

һ㵣Ѱ¡

ͼѰɫž޲λ񸾵ĿҲԵúĮӿۣһ̾Ҳ֪ѰЩ仯ǺûǻǰδĻѰ´ʱԥȥΪλ񸾵ĸƵģڡ

㣬ȥһ°ɣɯѰµı仯дѰԱ仯֮ƺһֱӱʲôܸһѹָУûǰǰܴһů

Ѱ΢΢ԥ£ͷӦλһͷмؽӭ˼С

λ񸾵ɷӰǸˣƺʩڱػЩѰΪƵʱѾΪӼҺ˴ס

ҹɫٽֱƵʱ֣ѰµľΣ츸Ĳ鿪ʼתһ˿ģӰڼаںϯдˡ

ãӰϯ˼    ֻǾƺȶˣӰᵽ걻ĵ飬ʱӵע⣬Ӿѭѭ˴¡

ʲ֪Ӱӵ˵걻ĵ飬ڳ޲ݣɯ񻨶ˣųԵĶЩ˳˫Ŀݺݵصۣ˷

౻˳ȥһֺаҲΪҾ徵ķߡҪĿľΪͻż棬Ӱᵽһа

ЩƳǷüÿ궼ᷢΣӰȥ٣һֱץʹİĻлС

ӰھƺԺ˯֮ʣ˵Щʱ⵽һ£ӰᵽһʱȹһĶˣʱ͸İйأǸΨһһֵˡ

⣬Ǿ˵Ӱֻ֮˵֣£

л¡˴ֵܵĲ֧֣л¶С˥ǡĴͣ

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ƳзѩδͣϢѩϡϡĳƮţ䵽ߵݶϣž

ٿȻ

ѩ֮УһһӰӴӴӹѸٵسڵķλһжϢӼеèûо

ӰҺҵһ˼ңһݡԺӡ

⻧֮һƬţһɭϢںӰԺӽеʱ򡣾ҲûӰ

Ӱʧ񻧼еʱ򣬴ʱӸһӰ·ƾճֵһֶҸ

ˣӡ

ֻҸ۲һҪ̽ʱͻȻһסϢʱٴ˺ҹһǰӣȴһֱ⻧լеĵ

ʱլĸһӰӴ˹ٶȲ졣ڸ۲˻Ǳլ֮Ужɾûзκ졣

ֻǸӰǱլ֮󣬲һһҵƬҹ

ʱͼһ˴˳Щģˣƴʱܡ

ǰһܳʱʱܳһǰһ˽еߡס顱

˵ִ꣬һҵ춯һҽ֮һ˴Ӵڷ˳ѩ֮ϣȴѾûϢıʬ塣

ȲλѵǸˣڰӿ˵òͦƣǸߵǸ꣬ɫ֮дһЩﻹһӣûпλˣԹӡ

ģ

ʱӳԶͻȻһââǰ͸һѪ

ġ

â䵽Ժһϣɼ֮󣬾ͼһѼΪ˿ѪСȻ˲죬˸ɭĹâ

ͨ

ʱżǸ彩һص£бŵĺ˵֮󣬷һ졣

˼걻У֪ʱһѪŵ顣аһˮˮֻƣǸǮǣϾɱô

һλʧȥڱɽµʱнĻŵһǮңôʹӶ׾ɣ

ԭǸѪŵͽ𣡡Ǹƺϳɱ˭֮һĨŪ֮ɫ

ʱӵű߿ͼһλ£Ѫɫͷ˻˳ϣһѷذףһѪ黺ӵ⻬䡣

λѪ˳λͻȻһᣬźƿյһȭֱ˵ţͼ˵ٶȼ죬û潻֡ذУľ飬һâ

ڰ۲һ֡ͼ˵ȭ֮УһϢϢĳܹӰĶڣλѪһֱζ潻֣ƺȽϼɵͷųϢ

ʵ˵ʵ൱ﵽ˾żʦ壬λѪ˵ߵʱһ㣬Щģ˲׽Ӱ

λҪͷŵǹϢӰѪ˵ĹƣǴ˵ĹҪѪһЩÿɱֵذ״ϢʱܻΪġ

ֻǹѸݣȻ޷ͻƣǹҲκβ˽һᡣ

ʱڱԷذ׹ʺʱһڱʱһǿȭ⡣

ذڻµʱ߸Ĵ·ߡĳΪ̣漴ͣԳɺȲݺݵش˵ࡣ

йŹ֣

Ӿ¶һһǺһ

Ȼʱͼؿڱذ״֮漴һЦķŻ󿪡ľһȭصغ˹ǰڵһ㣬ɣصײӵǽϣһǽײ

ȻǸδɵСӣѵ㲻֪аһκ˶֪ô֮ǰӾ͸㣬ʵǼʹ̴࣬Ҳģ

ʱλͻȻվЦţǻѪǻɱֵķȥһ߽ǰѻؿڵذװ˳Ц֪ΪʲôȡôôܾһŲ࣬

λɱʱǽڵķ֮վƽأһıٴε£˿ѪɱֵͲ

ǾɱƿɣɱֵģϣӦûܲأ

Ȼλذڻɱ߽ʱ򣬾ɱϣҪ׼ڳɱֵ֮ʣʱͻȻһͣȻ

ȻоΣտת֮ʣͻȻһȱϢͻϺι絶ĺ磬ֻһϮһ£ͽƺһˮ





еذ׵䣬˾վԭһȴѾûκεϢ

˭ɱ˴ˣҲмģ

ʱ𻺻վӵʰ˵ذףĮ˵

꣡

ֻĻ䣬ʱͻȻ˵Դͺʲô洩͸һ㣬˹ѡ漴㱬˿ǱĲԽһſϸСıɱһ

𿴵һĻһ𣺡ǿıϢ֮

ȻһŲ࣬ûһŲԴʱӴӰ֮˳Į˵    ˣɱ㣡ʱվֱ壬ۿӴӰ߽֮Ȼ壬ǰı䡣

ѵʦûн̹㡣Ϊһɱ֣ɱʱľɱ֮ǰȱȫԼκεķھվɱָɳ⸱Уҷɱ㣡

Ҳκģ΢΢ӼۣӲûжֵͼ֪ɱ

ûߵǸɱߣýǸӣȻʹǸӡ

ֻǴ֮ӾüͷͼǺʢŵģѪܵ࣬ǺҺ֮˼£ֹͣ׶Ͼ

ʱͻȻһӦＱٸѾԶˣվɱһۣߣҡҡͷ˹ȥ

ɱҪ㣬㲻ֻ֣漴ͱץ˼򣬸ӵһݣ澪裬ʧҹɫ֮С

Ƭ񸽽ӰͻȻٵĸͼµ˺꣬ǽӵԺ֮󣬷Ժʬ壬Ǳ˺ӵ֮ɫʱһ䣬˭ɱĵ֣

ʱλߵɸǰγϵǱɵȴЦˣǱͨ˶λѣڿʼɵˣ

վõǱɵһЦ˵Ѿɱֵˣȥ٣ûз˿Իȥˡ

  

£ƳзһĻҲֻƬҹСƽϵһСʯӣֻǵһССָֻԭ״

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ʱ֮УһѳȼĻ𣬻ϻһ鿾⡣

Ӽһľ񣬽ľӽжʱžը졣

ں͸һҩ֮󡣴ʱѾָࡣ˹һ顣о֮չ

ʱѾպãذп˰֮󣬾ڻѱ߿

ӹ֮󣬿һۡ漴ժѪɫĿ

ӳʱ۽ǵժɱ֣ҲͶʮ꣬൹ͦغ񡣲û֮еǰᡣ˭뵽Ǹɱ֡

ʱ⵽ڴͣ˵ĿģҴǷκ˵顱

ǿǶҪ֪ѪŵУûһԼ˵ˡʱҲ˵Ŀġ

ô֪ҳѪšޱ

ɱе㷸ɵӿһۡǸа̵ĶԻһֲضˣһͷһμһɱָҪɱĿ˵ôϻѡش𣬻߲ش𡱡

ԼѪŵһλóϣˣϵɱӶ񣡡ѡ˻ش

ӵЩ죬ɱֻشƺĳЩɫʣֵζɱһۣˣɡ룡

˵꣬ҲͳеĿ⡣

Ҳе⡣

ֻ֮ʱֿˣҾȻġȻ㲻Ƿ飬ôȨӶĻر֪Լ˵ϸϣѪŵĵַ

ԼѪҲԪϣ۷ʵƽʱеɱҲӲԶֻ֣νǢϵӶϲоһЩΪ˱Ƚϵ͵ӵһȨλѪɱóϣѪžѪɽβضѪС

ӿ꣬Ǹɱ֡ʲôʵشѵڷɵôѿڵѪŵˣѵ㲻ΪشЩһɲô

ɱԼá˵УֻǸͽѣѪŵҫʮǰͱٴˣ

ʮǰҲʮңӴɱֵ֮Сһ˿ʹޣǵҲ˵ǳѪŵģղֻᵽһѪɱóϣûᵽŹ°ɡ

ʱͻȻתͷڴ˲ı飺ô֪ģ

ͻȻЦЦֻǲ²ĶѣĻûشҵʣϾȨ£ﶼзб飬ʵҲѲ²⣡

ǻ۲ǸϺ꣡

˵һ֮󣬾Ͳ˵ˣЩʳõ˲󣬱˹ָ

ȴǵ㡣ȴһϸɱֻ֣һǻޣȴɱ֡һ֪еɱ֡һɱ֡

⻰Ա۾ȴǵ૵ұͲɱ֣Ѫ飬ײҲҪɱͬ

ЩȴΪЩ£Ի֮Сıż尾ͬеͽ˱ͨҪһʧܵɱ֣ŻججӣѾʧĿ꣡

ʱͻȻ۾һĨ⡣ӣҵĿ꣬Ǳ𣡡    ֱȻˣΪʲôʹɱѪɽʹȻһҲ¬ΪˡֵõģǼٷҪѧ᳢ԣƴһѣʼնʧܵģѪǷΪ˶ţеŻǷϨ𣿡

ûСվͻȻʱȭͷѪƺڿʼڡ

ӼѪԣǲ¶һ˿Ц⣬ˣڸϿָɣ룬Ӧи־ͬϵİˣѪɽϣҲű

ΪʲôҪѪɽΪʲôҪԼˣʵ

ˣ׷ɱһҪѰҵˡ



ǣڻش֮ͻȻѹɴ۾ǰ꣬ô֪֣

ΪˡԼ˵ΨһһνֻɱĿꡣΪˣܣҲˣҵĸԼ˵СʹѪű˳ؽĵּΪһֻΪʹɱ˹ߣ

Ϊʲô

ΪԼ˽ӹһӶ񣬶ίԼ˱壬ȴҪɱȫѪΪɱ֯ĵּҵĸ׵ʱΪŭҪɱԼˣԼԤıγһѪɱóϡһ¼ҵĸױǳ⣬ҵĸ踺̺Ǹ޼ꡣҵὫҾȳߺ󣬾ͷԾˡ

ʵºԼ˵ʲôܣ֪

ӳ󣬰˶ꡣԼĵа֯а̻йᣬʵίҪɱˣа̵Ľа̵Ľǳƹеһλسһֱûв鵽˭

Ϊʲôֻôࣿ

ҾΡܰɱԼ˺Ѫɱóϰ³ˡҵӽ󣬾ġһԶӰӡ

³ˣ

֣ϸúͻȻһ

ֲǶǰλѺƲصǸôͿ꣬ûκôѪŵĳϣ

ǷλҲʮбҪȥŪǱ㿴ŹͷʵûҲѪżëѹѪ

ڽӽ

ʱͻȻ

ȴ㲻⡣ҵһλһͬİѣͷжʱԼϵģ

ôһͣ˽ģҵࡣֻһɱֵĴţӽԺͽҵıɣ

ʱһӰѸٵشӰӽʱŻ⿴һλꡣ

᳽

֣ôôʲôʡ

᳽һۡ˸ͷƳСеǸڽ̽У٣ҹȥطȷʵмɵĵطǱһЩˣֻǲûвȡʲôжֻǴȾơİ

˴׵ļѾλֵɱ׷ѰʱҲɾ˵ţܵλ᳽

᳽ȭʾ⣬ȴǵĮصͷ󣬾Ͳߵһ߼ָȥˡ

᳽ԸºͣҲ⣬תͷӣӡһкδ㣬ڻȥô

֣ȻȥɣһһЩ˵Ҫ죬ʱǱΣ

᳽Ȼ²⵽⣬ȻҪѪɽȻҲ޳ȥɱˣҶʶԵ޹ʵȥɱˡ㣬ͬȥɣ

 Ѫ

ʱֵ賿ѪɽһɵҲ޷ֱǵ˰죬ͻ֣ᷢѪɽеʱðһ㡣

ɽÿ̫ɽɲǼ䣬ɽѪĲ£ǱһѪ֣ʶ֮ΪѪɽ

Ҳһɽçç֮СµҶɢŸϢ߳ϣ洦ɼ

һЩŨҵĵطݲӿһɴ̱ŵϢŵʱ䳤һ㡣ͻһѣεĸо

᳽˴Ƭ֮Уṩľ飬ɽʱ·߲ɵһƬֲҶסӣҲЩζ

֪ЩǲŶˡͷζĵǽɽ֮жΪ

λ򵼣÷עĵطǶܱܿ˳һֱɽβ

Լ˰ʱҵʱ䡣˴ɽɽ֣ϵɽѪȲԶλúʾͣǰطͻأͨѪȵ·ֻһΪȫҲΪΣҲ֪ô꣬ûи·ҵȲ̽һ´ΧĻ

·ɽȵ·ûģʡ

һľŵһ֦ϣȻǿɣǿƶλá

һ·ԴӺɽһ¾Ҷ£ҲȣҲܡֻһ̶þ̶УΣճ̶ȻһЩ

ΪʲôɹǸ᳽Щʡ

ҡͷԷǳϣַҲֻһЩСϺף𲻵ʲôãԷľ治ף

̽·˳ؾͷ˻벻ôꡣǲûи·ǿ˳ͨǰֵҹأȽ

ȥɣƷӲȡ˵

ͨķ˳ŷǺ˳شε·Ȼͨ

˴֣ǰһƬյأЩŵԿ壬Ѫȵڡ

࣬ڼ֮ѵˮѸٷڽӽѪĵһľݣܿڹȿڸѲߵĶˡ

˿ǾȻûɱֵʣʱ̱ž䡣ӷֺѿǵ߾Χڡ

漴һ࣬ĽֻС˹ȥжʱ⡣

ֻСʮֵıҡǱ֮ϲ׼ҪߵʱʱͻȻһӰͽ֡

ץסֻС󣬽һֻȻһֻһ漴ֻСʹҴڣҪ

﷢ĶҲǹȿѲߵľһڹȿڣһʱ䱸˹

һߵߵʱ򣬴ʱȿǱߣһӰ㻮һڻûзӳʱתһӰʾס죬ǰһڣʧȥ֪

զǰȥ̽˼ֻСסˣΧ۲һ£ת׼ء

Ǿת֮ʣͻȻһӰϮȥ˾γذ׷ŰγذףԴͱһƹ赹ȥ

˹ȿڴٸ֮ʱ᳽ȿڴӻһ

˵Щ˲ѪɱõˣҲִˡֻѪȵǽȺЩɴ׿ǡ

ηֱЩѪɱõˣС᳽ʳһʵʵ⡣

Ѫɱõ˶ɱ֣ǶѪ棬ѪеıǡѪбԽߣ֤ʵԽǿѪɽѪŵڡִɱһֻÿµײŻɽһΣʱڸط֧ܻǵȴڻµףɽصɱӦò࣬ĻֻǽδʽΪɱֵѧͽΪ壬ҲλĪ

˵˶ֵ⣬гãһѪãǵ۱ѪơҲλܷŹЩһǵУҵʦֵܣ

˼˵ֻҪ׶ѪȻҲǽж໰˼ֱָĵ

ͷԭһЩʵǿĳмҵ󡣾뿪Ѫţʣµڰ³˺Լ˵һֱ̣һֱϣܻѪţֻʵǿټצڶ࣬а̹ᣬһֱûֵĻᣡ

룬ȻˣǱ֮㸺ϵЩ˸ϣԼ밢³˶˾ͽҺԸ֮ǰѶΪչж

ȸ˵ĳʵΣ

᳽˵ǵʵεϸϣ֮󣬵ǲզ³ǽѪʱ䲻ãʵܿ죬ܿóϵλãЩֶΡ

ϸѪܱߵĵзֲ˶֮󣬱ϢǱѪȡ

ѪѪɽеĵλʮֵѰڽ֮Ҳû֮еͨ˴ɽȣ״ṹֲ

ΧһƬɭϸıɴڹ£ÿ·ڶ˰أǰõɢĵƹ⣬𣬴һ֮ơ

ë᳽ǱкΧƿ˼󣬾һǱȺȥˡ

ʮ꣬ԹеĻʮϤߵķغɣѪڵأɼѪѴǰ

ܿأ˳Ǳ뵽ѪøԺ䣬ǰȺ֮Умеƹ⣬һеƹóϵľסʮûмλСʱܺõĲˣЩ

ǣǱһӵĺ׼ԺʱʱһӰͻȻǼ֮˳ٶȼ죬˿֣ͼһâ

ಢûоţ֪ԼѾ˲ˣڶԷĴɱ֮ʣƽ˵֮ϣ漴һɨһٵתְγԼذףԷȥ

ԷʱҲͬĶ˶Ǳܵж˫ذһɲӵһ𣬷һĦһ乷Ļ

Сס֣ң

׼һʱԷʱͻȻ˵һ䣬һͣԷʱҲͣ˹ļСӣôܻˣҪˣ

ʦ֣

Щʣʦ¾ع۲£ס˵ţʹǼŵƹӡ

  Ѫ

ƷǰϦǳ׽ʼд߷ ΢Ĺ

εѪСղ⣬һƬɭ

ʱӺ᳽Ѫ̽һѾ︽ΧĵˣԼͰ³˵ľ

˵ǱȽϽƻ֮ˣǵסΧķΪܣʱֵѲߵˣųЩڰӵɱǡ

ɱѣҪʱָ̱߶ȵľӶԸеѾϤˣֻ᳽˽ɱֵԣж֮ǰ᳽һЩע᳽ȻӾ˽ɱ֣Ҳûжʡ

ʱӺ᳽ĵĵȺ֮£ͼߵһͻȻȼ˴𣬽˱ͭ࣬ʹƬžɽȶʱ

ʱߴеĵһЩӰʱҲѸٵĴڳ˷䣬֪١

ЩھѲߵ˱ȻһƬʲô¶ûзһҲ˻ֻɡ

ʼжסҽĶǧҪСģٴ᳽һ֮󣬱ѸٵسԼڵķλȥ

Ϊһɱְ֣ҵ֮Уκʱ䣬һз紵ݶᱻԲǰ컹ϣȺָ˯ʱɱǡ

һֱڵǱߵжӦѾչжʱ֪һڧ鷢ЩɱڻྯԷʱҲǳֵʱ

ӺܾöûиɹɱֹУɱָɵЩ˾ˬˣ

ڵ裬ɱܴ̼ǳѾõѪʼ

ɱֵǰʵҪ٣ֻҪӽɱ־ԵıܷӦ

ڽӽԼ˵լ֮ʱӦںڰ֮УһӰޱѸݵٶϮ

ɱĺͻأٶҲܿ졣

ӵĸӦΧ֮ڣϮʱ漴ľһâ

ӼԼڵλöȥٶȲûмλɱְϮʱ͸Ӧɱֵʵ

һ߶ԣɱֵٶȷǳ죬һ磬ھβ൱ӶԡɱֵٶȾ١ûзϡ

ݣ

ǵâǷҪӸӦѷɵ¶һĨЦ⣬ɵ֮ʱָ֮һâ󣬿׼ǷɵƣָһУɵ㱻ָ䡣

ֻǽɵָӲûͣͣ˳ǷɵĹƣһȦȻϢ߶ٷλɱֵķһǷɵһƿ֮һ㣬٣ǿλɱַȥ

ţ

ǵӲûлͷȥһλ˾żʦһλʦɵͺñӤʹ˱ȭͷ󣬽Ȼ֪

ʱ䣬ԽԼ˵ľסӽﾯչϮɱ־Ͷˣɲϼһˡ

ʱӭһӰޱѸٵ˹˵죬ҲͼĹѾӽˡ

ȴٶȸ죬粽Ѿӡ̵ӵı֮УûʦԾķսΪһʵԶԼüɱֶԣɱֵķʽЧĸɵǰɱֲʵʵġ

ৣ

һâӵǰӲֱ֣סɱֵֽת

ֻꡣһɱֵ۶ϣеذ׵Ʒһ˳ֱֺֽӱǻ䡣пڴһɱֵĺ

ֻɣٶȼ졣

ڽɱ֮󣬴ʱһӰϮӵĽŲûͣӰжݵ֮ͣ£ʱһĹâ㽫ذ

ݣ

ذһĻȷУɱֻûнӽʱоһâǵâٶ̫죬ֱӴĺ

ڰɱ֮ʱѾԼڵԺ棬ԺѪɫɱ֡

ݣ

ɱӻɱ˵ʱ;ǱǴȥ֧ԮģųžͷѾԺ䣬Ǿֱֱ̧ۣ

ЩǾӹ֧ݼ

ʱ֧Ӳûж㣬ֱǾ֧ų֮ǾŸݼ֮ʱһתһ˦㽫Ǿֻݼ˽

⻹û꣬Щݼ֮кһ˦Ǿֻ㳯ɱּȥ

ҲûйЩ᲻ˣȣǼݼеĹ켣Ѹڽӽ˵ʱʡ



һ·ʵǹֱĹâ֮˲죬һƿյ֣һ˵ϻһͷݶ

ʮֵѸ٣ɱֻûзӦһͱնͷ­

ӵĽƲûͣ٣ɻɱһ˵ʱһ㻮һ˵ʺ

ֻһ˲䣬˱㵽ӵĽ¡

ӵĸӦΧڣһ֮йɺǿϢңжĸ֡

Ӵ˴εĿľǳģڽ赲ǰɱֱֺŶ롣

ݣ

ŵʱͻȻһƿ֮ϰٵǻȳһǵسſڵķ

ʱ;ˣǹ֮ʱתֱӹ㵽һǽڵĲ档



ֻ䵽ǽϵЩ䴩ŴԺϣβ˲졣    һ󣬲Žݡ

ֻǽ˼ͻȻ²ȵһͻĵذ壬ʱꡣһǻ춯ϸӦ죬Ǳǰһݣͼ֮ǰȵذλãڵذ´򿪺ͻȻһ󹸶

ݣ

ȥ۲Ļãʱһƿתͷʽӽʽ

Ӽתٶȼ죬джת켣֮ǰݣӷɹ֮󣬿׼һӷĿռٴһݣӵ֮ӹ

ʲôˣҴҾ

ӶӵϮ뵽֮ʱһͳɭʮֻ˵ʵףӦ۷塣

վ֮УʱͼһλԼѮߴӺҿ첽˳һͷͷ룬ɫЩ죬֮дһɱ֮⣬߳ʱȴһѪȵϢǴʬɽѪ֮߳һɷʮ㡣

˳֮󣬼վУĮشһ˿䱸˭Ѫź£

ԼˣӿͷĮ˵֪Σ½  ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķ

  ѹ

㵽ʲôˣô֪ҵΡ

ͷԼˣֱӽг֣漴ֿ̧⵹ڵϵļʬ壬Ȼ䱸

ίһģļ˲ϣԾɱˡȻĮ˵񡣾аҪ֪˭

Լһ⻰һϺɫʲô

ϣ;ֽţԵͷϣͷ

Сӣ

Լһ⻰ʱŭɱʱ˳ȻԷСӵʵȴȻ壬ʵϾͻƣСţ˵ѾͻƣҪԸһδɵСӣڻ¡

ţԼųǿĹƣ֮дһѪȵζǵسϮ־֮ŵɱһǿҵѪȡ

ԭѪĹֲѪϢŨңЦһԼϮ֮ʱ֮緺ĵĺˮų־ǿѹǹ֮ҪûѪȡ

ãСӾȻʦԼҪһɱ֮ʣʱܵһޱǿ־Ѫ֮ϢѹסγһɼǿϢɺܵӰ죬漴ľҲˣڷԷʵɫ䡣

ڲ֪ˣС

ЦжûֹͣѹסԼ˵־Ĺ֮󣬴ʱӰһ߼⣬ϢѹסԷ־֮ʱ֮ŵĺâʱ¶Ȼ½˾Ϻı֮أЩľӲĸо

ԼʱɫʼЩףԷųʦ־ ڵľ޷⣬뵽ߣȻʱƺʹһ㣬ЩӲжҲܵӰ졣    £Լ˸ɴһҧƴеΪȻȭӿСһѪ⣬Ϯ

Լ˵ܵӰ죬жȻҲû糣ǰѪɱȭϮ֮ʣѾӡһ֮䣬ؼܵ׷۶

ȻӲûдһɱԼˣоӡԸͷش֮ʣûټڶԷһϮ󣬲ӭϡ

飡

ӡʱԷȭ֮󣬾Ǳһըһ㣬죬ʱʼҵҡΣݶľȻݶϵƬʱҲ׷ױɢ

ԼûԤϵԷʵ֮ǿֻǿôһʱܴǱһ֮ݺݵû飬ʹҲȻײһǽڣǽڳ׵ײ˳ȥ

Լ˷ɳȥʱʱҲ׵ΧɵԲģڻҳɢȥ֮󣬾ͼȻĮվԭأЩƬľмû˵˿

ԼڵҪߣ̲סһɾҵķڣһѪٴε¡

ʵ֪Էʵʦ֮ʣ֪ԼˣΪԼףһλʦһλʦ֮ĲжǾ֮𣬳ʥϵĳѻߣʦվڷͨ߶Ĵڡ

ӻǱɷ˳Լǰǲ԰׵ɫٸһᣬа˭⻹еӵȴ巴׷ɱһĹ䣬ҿ㲻

⻰Լ˴ʱɫѾ׵ıַ󡣵ȴӣС磬ȻϷԽдɱϷɣҪҸЩ£롱

֪Щ϶кԲܷḻˣ˵лĻᣬȷʵɱʹ̱ʣ־ȽǿͷҲʵʣֻñķʽС

뵽ۿԼˣҵȻɱ㣬ȥĴ˵ҸλѪɱóϣĵıȽͶһЩ

˵ţһȥԼ˵ŲλΣֽͷ𣬾ͳԺ䣬ѸٳѪɱǸȥ

ѪɱѪȶ߿Լ˾סԶĵط

ʱΧѾʮʬ嵹Ѫ֮УЩǱȭƴģЩǱذ׻Ҫġ

ɽʱѾˣȴЩ谵ѪɱɱȴʮֵĲңɱֵĶԾһ˿ء

ʱԵһλʵ൱Ѫɱɱ֣ԷɱּҪһ飬ҲԼĶ֮˶൱˭Ҳκβ˭

⻹һЩɱǣǲûƽõķʽɱΪȫɱ֣ҶϤԷɱ˷ʽҲʡȥһЩʽֱĹʽƴľ˭־ǿ˭Ӧʤһ

صѪȡλóϵֺ֧λóϺܿټһˣ֧նж    Ȼ֪ƾݣټλóϵֻ֧֡ҪɱԼ˺Ͱ³׶񣬻ǵĵֲ⣬ֻ֪ɱǣȻЩǷӵֻԼЩ֮λȻҲҪӣǵֻһ£ǾǽɱˣȨ£޹ء

ʱѪɱõĴǰĹ㳡ϣʱһλ£ѪߣԼѮ׳ͻѸɽһˣ᳽սһš

ǵĽһλԼѮߣһ൱İʵҲ൱߼սһһЩڼս

λߴ֮УλѮߺ㵽ڻ˱ʮ깷Ϊô

϶ҪƣڵѪŲˣϷֻɴöŮϺӾ㹻ˣҲ˭ѪţȻȸ˵֮٣ǾͱҲˣ

̣벻ִԲΪĶŮ룬ʹ˰뿪ɣҲͷӵ£ϷҲΪ㣡

ٷϻϷʹ˳ߣ°ܣϷȫСҲӶ˵ţּսһš

᳽ʵĹ־֮Уˮǰ೤ԴԴϣ󺣵裬һһ

ֵˣǰ³ˣҲ۷ʵȴҪ߹᳽ҶԷĹ־һѸ񱩣·ܷһеһ

᳽ɱоԲǰ³ˣʱԷʱҲǶԷ־֮дļȵȣȴоڵ¶Ҫȼһ㣬Լ־ֵȵ־֣ڹϣȴѷһ

ˮ𱾲ڣʱˮ־໥֮ʱĦһɹɻ𻨣磬ʹΧľмɣɳ졣



һҵı󣬴ʱ᳽˺һѪϢ³ǿ񱩵ĹһϮ֪Σ½  ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķ

  Ѷ

᳽벻ڸ³ǿˡΨȴӵĻ

ڴﵽѾһʱˣʼҲͻƵһ˿

ڴʱ밢³˽֮ʣڱԷĿ֮ʡƺЩ

ˮǧԴȪʱᣬԴԴھֹʱţڻ仯ʱʱʱᶳɼȻᱻɢˣȴɢȻܹۡ

᳽ʱԼƣҲƺ˶Էвץסһ˿֮󣬱֮ж

־֮Уˮ־ӦŶԷĿȵĹƶʱı仯ΪһɢƮ죬һɺ󣬶ԶԷһ־͸

һ֮£ȻЧڰ³˹Ϯ֮ʱоԼ־֮кһһĶڱ͸ţ͸ǹ־ڲϵĸӰ־ʹĹȻһЩʱ˶Էͨ͸ڲ߽⡣

ȣ

³˼񱩵һγɵвû˵Է漴һʱ־֮һɸӿ񱩵־ڵϢɵ֮ţľȭʱǴһŻ棬ƸӵѸͣǿнԷҪ͸־Ƴٴο񱩺ȥ

᳽ڶԵ֮ʣôһ˿򣬲Ÿж⵽˶ԷǿƵƻʱԷĿһȭȻӳʱһɿǱըһ㣬һη˳ȥصײһϣǿײ顣

Сӣɣ

³ʱûͣ£ڳ˶Է֮ʣ͵ȡǿЦţϴһ֮ɫ˹ȥ

᳽Ӳվʡ³˹ƸǿϮȻ壬ĨȥǵѪ֮ͻȻһȴһº͵Цݣˣô죡

ɱ㣬Ȼ³ΪСӱɵˣڸ˵ɵЦɱȻ

ֻȡǰСӵʱͻȻоԾһϢ㣬ЩûвϢ￿

󣬰³ʶǰСӲڸ˵ʱͻȻųһ޶ȱϢѹһ˱˼ȱ֮УǹɼΪǿ־Ĵݲĥ

ʦ֣

ɼǿ־Ϯ֮ʱ³ʱɫ䣬ƴԼ־ֵǹҪױ־ǹ־֮ǿδģӥС꣬Ϊ֮սǹǿ־סû˿ķ֮

ǰ³˴ʱǹǶϮǿ־סˣʱڹ㳡ϵʱ׷ɫ䣬ʦ֣

оǿʦ־ƽʱʱ˵ʱܣֵͷֻüԼѾˡһλʦ֣ΪǻзôֻͽͰˣ

ʱڳ˶־סˣҲƴλʦ֣λǵģɱΪѪŶ



ϢǼΪܵġʱⷽ˶ʱ־ƸѸ͡ԷЩȴʿ轵սʱб

˵һϵеı仯ķҲǼ顣ĵĹ

³ܵǹǿ־Ϯ֮ʣ־ѹѾû˶־뵽ߣ᳽ȥ

ʮԶʱЩһӰ죬ܼĹĮ˵³սһǼﰡ

³˴ʱͫ׽ʱðԷȻᵭУͺǱشݷûһ㣬ԷϻŻȥԼˣң˭

ֻ˵ĹƻļһԲɢӵעߣȡһ䣬ڿ˰غ󣬵γ｣˰³˵ֻţӳﲢδ֣һɴųӿĽӰʱǱһѽһ㣬һܵİ³նȥ

ͨ

ǽӰ缲һѸ١³˸δüʱӰʹ﷢ ֻһɼȱϢӡԼĽźʧȥ֪漴ʧȥ֮󣬱㵹ڵϣ˼

ڵ֮תŷԼһֻѾӰľ֮У漴һɾҵʹʼϮȫ񾭣һֻȣȻҪ˵־ǿǿžʹһվӡ

ֻһֻӱһλʦ׷Ȼͽ͵ģ˰زʱ̧۾ͼӾվǰӵĻһֻҲָҪˡ

㵽ʲôҪɱɱ³֪Ѿˣзŭȴ޴йֻǰοй

³˽úõĽȴܵɽҰСϣҵǺܺ档ӦԤıָʹİɣ

³һ⻰ͺ˵Ҫһ˿㣬ϱֳǷŭٷϻӲϲأ

˵˾˭ҿһҪ֪һ˻ȡĻᣬǺܸСĲǣ㲻˵ҲԣλԻǰѾһЩ˵ȡ֮Ÿһ룬ԡھɣ

³һ⻰ԼˡһĨɱ⣬˵ʲô

ӵӦеĵλвһЩ֪飬ɣҽȫԼУʱ㹦ͣȻķݣЧλˡѵΪһûõķﻹдڵıҪôɱڵȻô˭Ӧúˣ

˵꣬һ٣³˵üͷһ¡

ӽһĻ׽΢΢һȺ󣬼Ҫ֪ɱеĽ죬߳дԱ飬λԼܹͬȫִѪ֮Сж֮ʱ

ڣ³˱Щŭ⡣⹷Ȼ˵Ǹܣֻа̵һ߹ˣǽҲֻǰ̨ɴһǹѡҷҧˣֱ֮

⻰΢΢죬벻çȻһŭ֮¾ѿ˵ܣղ̼çĻҲֻͨйӳһЩǰƣټɱĶһЩʱˣ벻Ȼţȫӵϡ

ϲɫСȻǹαػҪΪһɱܣ˵аֺ٣뿪ˣ

³۾ɨΧԼѾ˴ֻʣ¸𼸸ڸ翹ƾʲôһ

ھͿ뿪̤ȿʱдҪϡԻǰȥ鿴ңôҲ߲Ѫȣ㰲ҵʵ

³룬Ǳ㳯ȿڶȥҲû׷ʱҪߣ

  һ

ӵЦҷһǻõ֪ģ˹ȺҪҪɱǵ˲ǣȴûбɱŵԲ𣿡

ǸϺ꣡

࿴һۣҲ¶Ž׵쳤ѾȻ˹ȥ

֪ѪǲŹǰ³˵ģȻҪç˵ܡ

Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬾ͼλ쳤ϱ˻ϣŰ³˵ʬ壬ǰڹȿǽ֣Үͼ

Үͼʲôˣӵ

쳤ϻش𣺡֪ˣǳƹƹȫ˾߳٣ҲǳسΪ˼ΪݶҲЩ̬ץԩнĥЩƵƵίѪŴɱǸˡа³˺Լ˴šЩѹ벻˾а

Ǹ̨ôְ

̨Ǿڴ󳼣ڻףڳȨλֺһλףΪҲʮսթ

ӵͷȻЩƲйأȴûйƲߵ٣Ǳ㿴ŻԵԼˣڣҲǸŪˣ˵ʵʱˣ

˵꣬ӿһۣཫ³˵ʬߡ

ӽԼһӣ漴һϵһʹѨԼʹһ֮תѹ

ϼһ벻Ҳн죡쳤ϿԼˣ֮һ˿Ū

֪жģҪбЩûɾµݵõڴţԼҲһ䡣

ٷϻˣ³Ѿȫˣֵˡ밢̨һЩڸҷҧ£˵ӦǹҧҲȤ˵˵׷ɱǸȥֻҪ˵ҿһ

һ⻰Լɫ䣬޺ǸçȻҳǣϷҪܻҪɱȫң

ֻҪ˵ϡԸʵ֣յ

СӣǵСŪһǸçУΪϷǰ׳գԼһ˿

ʱͻȻܵǰһһԼЦ벻ϻˡȻݲؽ˸Сӣ֪Ҳһ̵ˣ£ҲǰװֵСϵʲô첲ԴϵĶ۾ʲô˵ԼӦõһ£    Ŵ˻Լ¶һ˿ңЩҵļ޹أ޹ġˣǸҶǣҲŹǡ

˵ЩûõʲôֻˣϺǴҺˡһֵõĲôҲǸˣҪ֪˶һӲģɱ֣Ҳߣ֪ôɣ˵ţλѾһɱ֡

Լ˳ӵĿȥһλĸûбͻȻͶһŪЦݣԼ˶ʱһ˵ȻˡֻϣŵԣŹ޶Ϸǣ˵ѪҪɱҮһʱҮﵽһ£õѪţԵõûᡣ

ֻ̨ɴһţҪҲκֶΣҪɱˣ䣬ʱҮңΪƭѪɽ¡ʵʩ˴ɱжֻǵʱ޵żȻɽƬ̣˸˺󡣱һˣ׷ȥʱ

û˵ص㡣ҲֻĮ

Լֻüɱֵٲʵʩɱʱ鵽ԶֻʮֻǴλûдɱɹʱһؤߺ󣬾ͽǽ֮ǵ˶꣬ҲûκεϢ

һؤߣ

ЩѾ˴ŵĲ²⣬˵ƲǱ˴ѩһ֮󣬺бҪȥƹȥˣ

Լ˼ûټˣȻ֪˭ʦΪӦҲǸԳ֮ ޶Щ޹أϣŵԣĪҪ

ӵͷ˹࿴һۣҲЩ顣ߵ᳽ǰ̽ơ

᳽һĵƻָ࣬޴󰭣˹ֵܡûа꣬ǲûسˣʦǻȼˣ    ţ檰ɣ

ӵͷ󣬶ת󣬾ͼذ׸Լ˵ͷ߻ᣬ˹ѪŵˡҸˣ

Ҹһߡ˵ɱԼ˺Ͱ³ˣһһһӰӡ

ȴҡҡͷļ򡣵ҲҪҵӰӣ֮͵£ֺαϡѪŵѪҪ㣬Ȼ㲻ɱܸ֡ЩɱǴһƽ滷ɱûи飬и飬ģĸȴܼԦЩɱ֡ȥһЩ¡ǸܵɱˣǴУҵ˼



໹˵ȴԼ˵ ļȷʵ޹ģͷŹǰɣûĿ꣬ڿԸһˣа֯ɣǾǶõıҲʽίеĵһܲܰɣ

ȻˣŵңҵСҪѪЧ֮ﲻ۸κδۡҲɣԴΪ֤˵ţཫԼڲϵһ׹ȡϡ

֪զŵҲûƴǣǹ׹ȻˡҲٽ飬㱣أǣ

˵꣬ת᳽һۣͷھ࣬͵Ŀ֮УɽȣнԶ

ʱ糿̫Ѿ͸ֵáӳĵһƬѪɫ

ɽ֮Ӻ᳽ͽУƳǲԶҲͶء

·ϣ᳽ʱӡȴ˵

ȴǲ룬ҾȻŹԼ˵ļˣ

᳽˵˼ȷʵˣҷӴʱԽãԽ˽㣬ƺԣ

ģԼ飬ԹĻʹ죬̹

᳽ȴҷ֣ܹÿ԰ˣָһʺǵĵ·ԼءҪʲôõʲôʼո㲻

ʵһӵܣȢ檣ųԺֵӣСССҺڣ·뷨ͱҷˣΪЩºԡ

  Ը

ܣĻѨ֣ΪӪһõķΧԼģĸ׹Ŀġ

ҲģΪԼĸ׻۸ˣǿĸҲģ⡣ΪĸġҪһˡ

ңֻˣʼԼƿصʱʱҲ͹ʵ뷨ĸ׹Щĵӡ

ӻ˵

᳽Ц뷨Ȼʵû־ȴֺܺΰҪԼʼԼУǺһ£ΪǰļأΨбøǿһֱѭȥпʵ֣ʵ𣿡

ʱͣȴֿЦȻ㲻ţǾĿԴҵܲʵ֡

š᳽ЦݡͻȻɵðһ䣺ܹʵ֣Ҳ㡣ڶûһȷĿ꣡    ӼǰС˵ϲŮӣ㲻סҲϲŮӣӱܡѵ鷢ʹԵãԼҲʼã˵ĶԲԣ

᳽죬ӣţðһ䣺λֵ˵ĹȻûǸϺ꣬Ȼ˵˼յ˵λĵˣǼµ飡

ӣʵҲôĵˣզѡǺܺãЩҪҵ鷳㿴ǳſڵЩˣΪпܻЩ˳Ϊô

᳽̧ͷǶѾ쵽ŸˣǱ㳯ȥͼһ˻һ˳ǡ

ǶֻУЩ۵ĺףǰ׳ıϻһɫıʶ˵ͷҲλϼ

᳽ӣ֪һ˶ƣʵЩˣǻƳǣӦǸǵģʲôƻ

һֵ̯ûƻ

᳽ЩˤֵܣҲ˳һ㣬õݵԺҲðĻؼ ʹһ·ҷĸڶʱ䴦꣬Ҳ֪ҵ˾˵öãشƴҪãѵûиȫ̼ƻ𣿡

ЦЦǵʹˣҲںȸɡ֡Ҫ֪ƻûб仯죬˭֪ᷢʲô飬ԴǳڱͷϣҲÿʲô׽õģ

᳽һܵı飬Щ˿ʲô뷨Щͬǰѩȣ·ϾǶ֣ǸС鷳

ӵҷ˵ûƻ˵Щ˾ǸţֻҪ·Ϲɣʲôµաѩ֮Իа취ǳԾͷˣȻҪЩ۵ġ

յЦݣ᳽룬һˣǶԽһҪùˡ

Ӻ᳽һǽ˳ĸС֪ˡ

صӰļ֮ʱɯЩȼˣһֱſ

ӻʽԹ䣬ٸֻۣӹСӣһˣҪͷ顣

ɯʱѱٶʹǽɵͳһ߶ʱ񻨶һơĶСţͻԺӣӰеĹйȥˡ

᳽˵ĺۼǱ˳һȴЦӦЩܵĵҲֵãʵսµĶȷʵƽʱڤ˼ҪʵʵĶ࣡С

ʦ壬ҪҪ̣СֻƳǣѩӺת˵

ȴЦ

ʱ˹Ȼ綼׼ˣھ̰ɣҪţǸźˣ

Ѱ¸Ӱĸ׿ŷӣӰ׵Ĳٵȫ

Ӱһʮָм·ϱʳˮһѵʳԼһЩµȵƷֱװһˡ    ӱƴǣ񻨶ƿʱĿ⡣ﻹʳʳһҧı飬ЩզС׼·Ͻõġ

Ҳ飬ӸӰһңѰ³ͷ󣬾ʾ̡

ֻѰ²֪أ͵͵һۣͲغƻ̲סҧһڡ

ɯѰµĹŹֱ仯㣬ôˡֱԭ

ңҲ֪ô¡һֱûǶ֣ľƽֻͣǡѰ˵ȴ˵ˣС

仰ȴɯûɱĹעСʵ㣬ֻʲôѽ˵

ѰԥƬ̣ҲЩ֪룬Ҹ¶һ󣬱ɯǰҵľһֱң뵽˺ܶұ֪ĹŹ飬ֻҵľѾƽҡҵġ

岻𣿡ɯеʡ

Ѱº͵͵˿ɯáȫģ

㣬ǲϴҪУǰû˵ĵطİɣɯ

ѰڸоȫȷʵܲǱͷһԽ᳽ǰѩضȥ

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ӣ뵽һզû˵ĵطС飬㲻͵ŶɯƤػͷ˸Сͷ󣬱Ѱ¶򲻴ԶСʻȥ

ΪҪȥС㡣˵ͷӿٶȣʻԶСָ֮󣬾ͣǵȺ

һͻȻﴫɯһУס죬ӵһһݡǷӥһ㣬ѸٽС֡

ֻС֮ȴûпʲô˻Ұ֮ģͼɯС죬𾪵ؿѰµĺ󱳣Ѱʱ¡¶ǽ׾Ө壬й

һĻӴ˴Ҫ˻ȥ漴۾Ѱµĺ֮󡣾ƲˡмΪ𾪡

ѰºϣһЩֵǴȥĴһһƬɯʱԽӣĺۼԽԡ

ѰǱģӿǰʲôӺЩȴ޷жʲôʲôԭɵġ

Ѱ±ȽУʲôʱͻȻһʹ·תͼӴվ仹ɴͺþ͸һ֪롣

ɯʱҲתӾȻ͵죬ߺߵ˹סĶ䣬ŭɣɶļһ͵

ҲǹģղŴУΪʲô£Է  ҶˣҲ˻

ǣѰ½ӣУǲ  ɯͺİ߱һͣؾ䣬ӡСȭһ֮ŷŹ˻ȥ

㣬Ұˣ㣬ɯ֮תѰ˵ţͻȻ˹ȥһС

 һ Ծ

֮䣬ԶһΡɽ֣֮䣬ѩֹͣʱؼ䣬ֻзѩ֮ʱŻ֡

Ѿɽĵؽ緶Χˣƹ˷Ϊʥɽɽ֮䣬һɴ󣬸һǧɽĲɣء

ѩܴʻããѩ֮ϣļѣЩ˫ۡǽë֮ϣѩ

һʻڷѩ֮СԭѾѩ׵ӣţʻѩ֮ϣѸ⴦һƬеɽ

ӣô뵽ģԭΪϵĻѩֻܲˣû뵽ѩȫ⣬һӿг̣

᳽ӲһѩüëͽëϹѩֻ۾Ĵѩʮֺ档

ֻ˵Ļ˵ĵصһ˵Ĺ߰ˣѾɽĵؽ磬ҪѩȣҪѵ£    Ӵһññѩɱ͵ȥϣҲûһƬѩǷѩûжκεӰ졣

ʦľ֮ϵ֮ӵĴ񣬶еҺ̬Ϣͺñ꺮ټǼ籾ǱƳɣѩϺԣҲֻëë꣬δ䵽ϣ㶳ɱȻȥ

һڶ˵УӡҲֻɯѰûбǷѩװѩˡ

ɯҲһ磬ʱȴѰ¶˹󲿷֣ǸѰµϡ

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ڶѰһγ֢״ʱȻûɯڽѰ´һεطټӽԵѰ±ʱӾͿʼϵЩȻѰλ赽Ҫԭ

Ȼֵ󣬼жҲˣͺһȻӦδţһҲ˵



֪ѰǰѩȣȻ⡣⿪ѰŵĴ𰸡ѩС

ӣ㿴ǰ棬û·ˣ

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ֻЩ˳Ĺ߱ȽһЩרʻѩ֮ϵĻԶʱҪһЩòɵĲһЩѩǡٶȲǡ

ѩ֮ϣһλۣñĳ۾ǰڵĻþþͽɽˣǶȻѩԳ̽Ѱѩȵ٣ʥʹ£Ǹδ㣿

һѩжָ档ʱѩĳһֻƿ¶һ˫ˮӣ֮µ̴ȴޱصǣҵѩں󣬱չжǱһѩȣ

£¶Է֪һֱǣȷԳļƸǵҵѩȿٶ֣ǲʧȻϵ

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ò˵ɽǽ顣ĵط

һʻǷѩþ֮󣬴˿һƬ׳عĽ СֻƮϸСѩ׷ûкĺ紵ɽУһжǾֹġ

̵ĺɣͦεֲʯڣлѩǵγһλðĸһ˿͸Ե쳣

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ɽ֮Щʯ׶ϣΧܲຮɼѩ٣ֻһĻѩֻһЩѩ



һ˴ﾭʱӿЩѩ٣һһͨѩﰲһЩӣȻüѩ٣ɽʯһ׵Сء

һЩƨɺ̱˵ļһǣȻ޷˵ǡȴҲܴһЩС鷳

һϵɽʱϴһЩƽ̨źĻѩһЩҰ޵Ľצӡӡ棬мֻĺҲ

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Ѻ󣬾ظɯѰ±ݶҵļһ뿪֮ǰվĵط֮ʱͱǹɫԽԽŨҡ

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ӱʣڸоôЩʵ֢״𣿡

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ӵʦҴѰѩȣ⣬ҲҵϷЩԵɣֻ򲢿ҵ֮㲻صġ

ѰпʼЩЩ˵ΪڻԵǶʶͲԼһˣһЩò˼飬ЩЩ»᲻ķ֪Σ½ æ ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķա鰼

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ϵɽ֮еʱʱʾӷųСԳСԳѰǱĳ档

бĳĵطѩȵڵأ֪顣

ԳӺɯҲһʱˣھһν֮󣬸ӵĴ鶯ƽʱټɯĵˣСԳȻܹԡ

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СԳʱԼŽ˼Ӻ˰˸֮һŰɫӰӣһ֮󣬾ѾԶһϣʮѸ

ע⵽СԳʼѰұĳʱüͷ֮һֱպϵĵֻ۾ʱͻȻ

Ǹ۾ƺܹһЩĶһĴ۲˻֮󣬵˻ֱԾӵļץӵͷһָȥ

ӼˣСԳָǸȥ

СԳǾ͵ֻ۾Ԥ֪ΣգӴ˳СԳָ·ǰ֮ʱͷû֮ǰЩյ龰һ·ߵĺ˳

ڶǰ棬ȴ೤һۣһֱ̣ǾˣǰҲħϢˣȻʱǻǼ׷ˣǲˣ

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ãҵѩʱͱһЩ˰ɡ̣Ҳһܹ

˵ţСԳѰңɯ᳽·Լ˶󣬿ʼһµĺۼʼµĺۼ

һ߹۲ѩӵͼﲻɰһҪˣ룬ѩӵʱҲ˹һãһǵĽչܶࡣ

Ӳõʱ򣬼ѩҲһ߸Ŵ֣õĺۼԼͼȫǺϺ󣬲в죬ŮӹȻǸˣȻ³Щۼ⡣

ɫôһ֣Ҳֵܹӿٶȣǳѩ˸ͷ󣬾ͼʼá    ȴһߺۿ񻨶ЩޡвҲԼܵһȥЩ׵ѧѩá

䣬Ҫˣ񻨶Ҳȥ֣ӵͼ˸ƻֹ

ѣ˼һֱûоԼûã񻨶С죬ԵЩί

һۣһ㵣漴ЦЦ˵ļֵȡһЩؼʱ̣ƽʱʲô¶Ҳ˾ûãģ࣡

ɾʱȴͻȻ񻨶ȻûզСҪ㣬㷽ŵ飬µҪĲƻˣ

⻰񻨶һ㶣漴һĨϲһҲŲһָֻأߡ˵жȴǺ졣

ƻ񻨶˵ĵ飬һڱ¸ƻʱ񻨶ͺҵһܺ飬Ĳֺ

ȻúˣΪʲôƻһЩѩھܹ⵽˼ˣʱӵ־ٶѩԻУһ˼ֱпգ޷׽

Ȼ

ֻѩ˵֮󡣼ǰɯ᳽Ѿһξˣһȥá

ѩһСʼջûŪǺ⣬ջعȥ

Լʱ󣬣

ԳգѮɹɡƺͶǱĵֱ ֻ̰Ƕǰȥ̽ѰңζĶ

һ˸СԳֹ֮ĺЩӵɽ;֮ںԼҵһͰɽĸѨڣѨڽ󣬱㷢˴ƬĴڡ

СԳҲƺҵ԰һ㣬ڵС۷䣬Щժеıĳ棬ԵǴãò˷ܡ    ˵عȻصļûоԳҪ첻ֹѩȵڣӦþ⸽ﻷӡأһֵĲתҪҵڣҲһ׵飡

ʱͻȻ֪ѩȵһٵģֻһʵġǱж죡

룬ȴ⸽һεĶѨϢһ˵ɣ飬ǽɣ

ӵ˼ЦСӣϲ Ҳãڲ֪Щ֮ǰȷʵҪСǣ

˵꣬Ĵ߿˿һбڴһѨһݣǶѨĿӡ̽һ֮󣬲ŵ١ǾϢһɣ

ӸŵǶѨп˿ȷʵǸٵĺõطһֱ۵ؿ龰￴ϷȷʵǲĵطǾѩ񻨶ò֮˱ѨϢһʵĴϷ͡

ɽ䣬Ļһʮ˵Ķ飬ʱֻʣ¾Ÿˡ

λϳڽɽ֮󣬾һֱ˸бĵط̹֮ԸϢ١˲ЩƣȾƳԶ

***Щ˾ЩƻϺ꣬һ·ȥĵطѵĴգӦÿ˰ɣ

һλʵ̲סеļȷŭƿڴš

ֹ ֮ǵһ͸ЩдħϢһ˲ϢӰֱɷͬеĻɱǲ֮£ɱ

ֻǱĿʼڽѩҹ֮ʱ֮ǰħϢӰ챻ͬ˺˵ˣûмʱǾҵĹҳ⽴

ǲŽɽǾʧˡǲòССġ

ȻǺӵճ̶ȣǰԼСɵ֮УЩ˺侲ԣϾЩطӲûжֽš

ںг֮УӲõĺۼٵʱǰǰеĶٶȿһЩߵһĿصʱͻȻǸطγݣ¾ڡ֮ʱץסѩ١

ûϵѩҲֽţǲץסѩٱӦϣһʵӦ͵£һòʱȴһЩж̵ ˡ

һ·ڸӲõĺۼǱֵĵط֮ʱʮ˵Ķ飬Ѿˣⲻɵŭ졣

ǶλʥŮȻЩۣҲҵѩȵĴλãզСҲûʲôϵУֻҪܵõҪĶЩȫˣҲֵõġ

ˣλʥŮǲ֮ǰĵطĹ۲£ڽѨڿƬıҲЩܣǶһ飬Ͻȥ̽ѩȵӦþ⸽Щûȵĺۼ

ЩϢһᣬӦǱ֣룬һĲҽ

  ʵ֮

ѩȵж⡣ٵģֻԶж죬ٵ棬ҪĴǷǳʹġ

ʵ൱ţһţţߣһߣ׻ްص׾Ҳ൱صġ

̹ʣµİһ顣ֳ飬ֱ˽ֻ̽ûϵﲼһЩ׽ȻЧһŵĶˣŽȥܵ˹ֻһҽ֮پûϢ

ʱûжʱֻʣ̹λϣǵԼһĹԲκ˳㱨λϲɫ֮дŹǡ

̹üͷȻѾﲢҵѩȵڣҲû·ˣǰµ壬õ׽ǱԽȥһԡǶˣֱмߵĲұߵĲܷ˳룬

λϼ̹ѡ֮ǰһвҽǸȷǸѰ˼Ҳжô˵ΣǿܱģûжζΣգҽеĻᶼûС

һԥλ϶һۣʥʹ£ֻʣˣٷɢʵĻֻƣҵԸʥʹͬˣҲûиӦʥʹΣ

̹Ȼ֪ϵ˼ͷȻˣͬ·Ĳɣ˵ţһ·ֲ֮Сܿ첻ӰλϡӰҲܿʧƬ֮С

Щ˽ȥ֮ʱӴӸ̨ϵĶѨ˸̨Ҳ֮ӵʥŮҲǸˣ³䵱ȷȥ̽ѡڿһ

ȴʵĥѲŸոտʼҪ˳ѩȣû򵼵ĻʹҲܵɸĴۣ˵ͱȽϴˣ

ҲǵʵеУĶҲֻڻҽɫֻϺʥŮֻ˲ģѾģ벻Ҫʲôǵһˣ

ɯЩ̫ӵĻֻԱ߹ˣİԳͷӣǸҪСԳȥ̽𣿡

ʵղʥŮѡĲֻпͷһѩȵڣ

һ룬ǰ˻ν⣿

ƺӣʵÿһáλʥŮѡĲңôнһڡǱҪѡѡĻȻߵĻţ

ǰ˼ǣʵʼջͨģֻǱ׷֮γ˸ԲͬĻǰǰ˵ġʵۣ֮ܿ͸Щ׷õĻþ˳ȣ ͷʱͻȻվɯԵúܳĬѰ¡СԳΪˣ

Ѱ⻰ԵЩԻ

ȴǳԾǰ˵ǻͬˣ

ҡͷϷ޷㣬һϷ֪ģǿ׾е׻޲ǣСԳǿԿ׻ޣǸֻ۾ܿ׻ޡԾܹ㣬ʵۣ֮

ȻˣǱ̰ɣ

ѰµͷɯСԳСԳѰΪȷ棬

֮У־һıЩżɢһЩĹ󣬵СԳϲЩУǷޱȵצץɣҵĳԡ

ǿû˱ĳ֮󡣱ʧȥ˹

ǰλʥŮλȽһн֮󣬰;֮вûʲôգȴҲҪǼ˸ʹôơ

˴ԼĹ򣬵ںѰߵһýϴһǰͼһѪܵʬ壬ϵצۺҧۣͷҲˣ˸оĿģҲ̶á

˳һѪζγɵг·ԶֵķĿȥʱоƺһֲľ޵漴ſѪڣҧ

ӣҪԾṥģѵЩ˵СȽĶ˶Ѿѣ̽ķΧȽϷһЩ˵һʱȻѡ񣬻һͬУֿǵˣǧɢ

ӻعµصͷղһǣȷʵ񹥻Щ˵ҲӦ̽ΧĻ

ӦֻǱصһжҪжˡ

ǰһΣֳһʬ壬Ǿʬ֮ǰĲͬǱ˺֫״Ϊʹ࣬˿òЩͷƤ顣

ɯһۣͲٿʱץסӵĸ첲ɫС΢΢ЩѾʼЩˡ

ŮӺЩɯʱֳȴЩͬˣ˰֮ͻȻһסӵͷĸ

Ӿ˲ԾΧһʬ⡣ʲôûг֡ɯȴֱ֣׿ʲôʣɯ㿴ʲô

ӣңҿʬ۱Сÿɯµ˵š

ãͳʬˣʱʶﲻԾˡ

ʶʱʱͻȻоһѪȵϢıӾ֮£ֱӰγ

תͷһͷʬ֮ʣƵػӳһǿҵĽӰʬն롣

Ķ֮󣬻عһնʬ壬һЩʲô׻޾ҿǣܹٿЩʬǣûֽŵʬ塣Ǳ׻޿ƣǱնֽŵģ

ܷЩ׻ޣӵ

׻εһֶֻһ־ɵ̬塣ӰһƾǿǵģӦǵĻǻ˷ʶǾͱҪССԳʵֻ֮ۡСԳſЩ׻ޣǻȹǶ֮־ˣͨˣ һ⻰ʱͷʼðһɯ֣첽ߵССԳѰߣСԳһԼͻܱߣ΢΢һ׻޿ɯĻ롣

޷ӦһӦͻᱻ˿ӣۿӾôδ˱ĸо֮󣬾ͽ֮ųסһԳн

һһʱ䣬ڳƬ֡ɽһƽ̨֮ϵʱ򣬿һĻȴĿɿڴ

  ׻

֪ˮʮҫۣߵ»ɢâ

гǧˮһĶһôڹߵ£ɢĹɵġһ貶ˣΪ֮𺶵硣

ͷ·һλð硣ѩ׵ɫΪɫģʮɫİ硣

ʵϣһ粻Ϊ̽һɽͱڣͱɫʰˮ䵽ٴγһĻۻҵ硣

ȻЩɵһõ磬Ѿзֲ滹Ǽ١

֮лعȴܵɽڼǴһδ֪ա

Ҫˣ

ҪǰߣʱͻȻѣץסļ򣬵ɽ֮ϵʯͷӵҲ¹׽Ҳ˵λ檣Ѿ׻þˣһٵģȴҲʵڵģԡǷЧģҲΥģǰߣʵڵˣ㵽ˣʵǰ

ǰ˼ǣǼ͸ֻþҲ޷Ӧþ֮еһЩʵڣӲ    һǿʥˣҲȷķܶһֱ죬ƽĻᷢɣòʧ

ϾͺˣС

ϣ֪ʲôҡͷϻǳ֮⣬ǹ¹ʯ֮ϣȻǻᷢŤãʵѲ⣬Ǳڰʱ߳þУϣ鷳࣡

ȻˣǰʲôķӵҲû⣬󴦴͸¶Ź죬ûмʶҲûа취Լ˼άʽ͵ġ

СԳֻʵ֮۵ļֳֵˣﻹУȻ޷˼нֻܿСԳָһ·ǰУ˳þ˹ȿڴõǼڣѩȣ

ЩСԳͷƣȫˣϣܰ˳ҵڣ

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СԳ˼Ӱ˸ѹ֮ɯļϣʱͻȻüͷ֧۾㿪߲ʰӳ֮¡һ߲ʵĹâ漴㿪ʼĴ

ҲҴţվԭزĵȺСԳ̽·

СԳ˻֮󡣱ɯļĴεһ֮ƺǷʲôĶ㳯ӻ˻֣㳯˹ȥ

ӵšĻɯ֣СԳߡ

СԳ˽ϰߣ·֮ʱһЩʯڣǹ֮ģܹɽ·һȴƽء



СԳ·ʱԾһһɶԶľֳӻֵʱ򣬵ɯ׼߹ȥʱɯͻȻƺȿˣһ֮ƺҪӿе䣬ˤ



һסɯ֣Ҫ֣˵ţһ㽫ɯ

ɯδӵӣҪССġʲôûУ£ǿƽء

룬Ժѣע⣬ҵĶȫһѴעġ

˵ţӱɯһݣȵվСԳŵĵطӲҴ⣬ԱƮ״̬оʵһʯ£ȻСŲ̽£оһƽ̨ʾ

˶Ծ˹֮ʾСԳǰд·˾飬СԳܶǰеģһǿֱߵСԳмԾģһй֡¡ľʲô

ΪĻþ֮кеһжٵǲܱǰӰƭֻϹһСԳн

СԳѡһнʱָָǰ棬ӵļϡ

ǰмоȵƺǱ棬ҲʮֵļӲ˵ǽһƬƽأǱ㳯ǰߣоûʲôΣպʾ˸

ʱСԳͻȻȫѩ׵ƤëͻȻӿʲôڣָǰ֨֨С

о죬Ϊʲôûпȴ֪һڳǿ䱸Сġ



ӵĻ䣬ʱͬе񻨶ʱͻȻűӣɫЩ࣬ǿҪϢһ޷

Աߵ״һӣɢһϢ֮󣬱񻨶ǰһӰӣٴһӳһʦ־ӰӻȥӰڱ֮󣬷һ죬񺮷ĺ֮ɢ



񻨶䱻˿µصʲôסҵĲӡҪң

ߵӦȷĵ·ˣЩӰӣ׻ޣϢ־֮ʣ־֮п־ǣ׻޵Ĺʽ

˵ţʱͻȻüͷһһһϢһƬС

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һХ춯֮֮ǰϢֳӰӲ֮ʮƣҲǸо׻޵Ϯ

һֻ׻֮Խѩڣ׻ޱԽ࣬Сģǵ־ܹоһɲǵʱ򣬾־Ϣ޷ۿ׻ޣֻƾԼֱӦжϣѩ᳽ǳҪСģ

ҪԸЩ׻ޣҪǻеˣǵġߡܹԻ׻޵ĴӰӣ㸺ѰºɯˣҸ䡢᳽ѩ

񻨶䣬һ飬ǰ渺óϢЩ׻ޣҸǣú£һᱣģ

񻨶ЩЩǰͷҲרעʼϢųһеϢþ֮УԵЩ롣

ָ룬еϢȷʵҲЧһֻ׻Ϯ֮ʣֻҪϢʱᱻԻһģӰӣ׼ʱ㽫ֻ׻޻һ˵Ҳలµļн

Щ׻ޱȽϾСԳСԳ̽·ʱ ÿһξ룬ɯѰ½СԳĺ棬ǰһξ󣬾ͻмֻ׻Ϯǡ

еϢ֡Щ׻޵ĹࡣӲҪֱ֣־ܽЩֻǼʶ̬׻޻    ǣߵǻþľͷڼ̤ǻþʱʱСԳһδԵüΪ־塣

СԳӸܵһǿ־ǵذʱ򣬶ʱɫһ䣬Ҳã

  Լ

ԺǰĴа񣬻ܹףвʱⲻܹ־ܹηȥԡ

ǵһδ֪ţֻƾֱӦǿȴܹ˵塣

δ֪أδ֪ǿ󣬲ܹ޷Ѱҵ㣬ǿ̬壬ֻǵԺʶ֮дһµġ

Ϊֿ־壬Ե̹Ŷλϣھһϵеļѡþ˸ַǱ׻þľͷ֮ʱԵЩ׻޵ʱ壬Ŀʼ־ˡ

Ϊǵʵʩһֶôѩȶһֳͷ

ʵǲ֪ʱһſ־ӱѾʹɹǵУʼѿ

־Ϊǿ󣬿˵׻޽ģڻӰ֮УֲĴڣΪǿ־ΪֶΣľ־һλǿʥ

ͬǣԿֻбʶ飬־ˡԷĿʹЩ޷ֱӿƵģôǵһſ־ӣѿȻܴﵽǵĿġ

ֻþ֮дڷ˴֮кŵһϷ

ųǹɵ־ѹ̹һ·زۣƣʱѾоЩ֧ˡ

˵״̬ʵΪԵһЩλϣ֪ˡ

̹֪һޱȼѵĹؿĻֻΪֻʣһʬ壬ۼѩٻͷˡ

ڳʶʱ̹һֱҧڿ֧šԱߵһλϣʱЩ֧ŲסʱͻȻ֮һĨĺ⣬Цűһλϡ

λһֱ־ڵֿľϮûԤϵԱߵͬ龹ħצ



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̹ԥʱ䣬ʱλһҽУ漴ɢһɷ·ԶŵĿЦ˵г̰ԭʼñףЩܷұԸ뿪ˣ

Ц֮У㼧ֻλѾĿܣλϷ˹

ȻһɽϱƳΪʵ̹ѵû˵Էľɣˣɫʱò԰

ףȤ˾ȻϧǴĹѪͳȻȻʵɱǰĶҪҪ

λϵʱǴ˵ģһָ˾ɭɭģʮֿ¡

˵ţǳѪӴŵڵϵ̹һѽ̹ûκεķ֮˿ľȴƽ㵽ʲôΪλﲼõ׻þ֮У

ٺ٣ȤСû뵽ȻǱͽȻˣǱھ壬ʥʹΰʹԸΪ飬ֻҪҳڱ𣬱ͳĹʱ˱ûܹʹ㣬κ£      ̹мȵ𾪣Ǻɫӣһʧȫû뵽棬ʽǰʶⲢ

ǣЩһջѩΪʲôΪǿĹΪ˱ԸЩ𣬼ȻǰֻҪܰʵզԸǲкη

뵽̹ĶҡˣҴӦ㣬Ҫʲô

ƵĳͻȻְһЦܺãõĻرģΪ˱ʾԱҳϣ뱾ǩԼͿʹòѧϰһЩȻҪ㵽ѩеĻУٵص׵֮ͷųʱ׻þҲƲ˱֮ںϣɾףֻҪܰﱾһѪͳĹŮ壬ԸˣʱҪܱıٺ١

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ͬʱӼþľͷѩȵڴ֮ʣڸܵһǿ־ǵӶʱͣ

ѣʣ־ǿ󣬵ʲô

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Щ˼

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ʱһλҲ¡ӹһ٣ȥᵽݵʱҲŲϢ

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Ϊӵһ͵ֻ֮ʧ֮Ǳת˸־ǷȻþ֮ûھݵʧ٣ص£һԭ򡱡

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ᵽ˰ݵǷɾȡʱӾ˼ĿⲻʱῴѰ¡

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ᵽ;Ų飬ԼʧٵĲ²⣬оڻɣѰ»᲻ǰݵתأ

һʣҲɳѰ¿һۣҲ롣

Ѱ´˴ҵľȴûбʲô˵ģһ̫飬˶ʱѰµȻǿζԸνѩȣ

ӻع񣬿Ѱҵı飬иӾùŹ֣֣ѰľٳֻҵˣȴڷһЩֵı仯

ȻֱΪѰ¿ܲǰݵתȴ̲סὫϵһΪ̫ɵϡ

ʱѰܹ˵ǰٵ״ӵҲܿʶ⣬һ쾳Ƿֻĸ޵־ɽΪǺεȵǿǸӦԡ

ʱѾ˼ԲˣΪʱоһɼǿ־Ӷ

ǿ쿴ʲô

ʱ᳽ǰ·һĹâǹͺǴþ֮еƫƣʹĻþú֣Щطżֳܹ

￴һۣɫЩյصȻҲ֪ʲôþĳڣҵѩȵڣǿ²Ƕ֣Ǳ㵾뿪þǰ淢ʲôܹԸģߣ

˵ţһѸٳǸȥ

ʱץסɯ֡ҲĲȥҲͣ׷׸档

ԽӽǸطһɾԽǿԭΪɯ־Ȼܲסǿҵ־ĳȫû뵽ǣһܲסģ᳽

ʱ᳽ɫףҲǱòʹ࣬Ť֮Уĳߺޡӱãƺȫһˡ

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״ɫ䣬֪ʲô飬һץס᳽֣ȵҪǰ飬о񣬲Ҫǹɳ޵Ӱǹȥͯʱľס

᳽ʱɫСҧȭͷڿУҲһɵѪâ˸Եúʹࡣ

ڽӽǹɹâ֮ʣʱɯҲͻȻͷɫԵЩʹ࣬ӣҵͷʹʲôͷͷ꣬Һܡ

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ʱҲоǹɸ־ӰƺҲڿʼ͸־ǹ־Ҫ־ʱͻȻųһɳҵâ±ʱؾڵϢʹ±̲صĲ־ųǹ־˳ȥ

о±ڵֱ仯һڵת֮ʣȫǹɹҺ̬Ϣųľ֮뵽±֮ʹ±ڵõ󻯵뼤֮ڵĹâӵĳҡ

ʱסɯߣȻѸߵ᳽ߡ漴ų±ڵʹ±γɵǹ͸ǽڽ˰

ڱ±ڰ֮ɯʱɫúöˣ᳽ҲǼѵ֮ͦ˹еĺâʧָ״̬ӵֵܣлˣ    ֮ʱоգѮɹɡ־ĳԽԽǿʱҲĲʱըصĲµ־ֵϮǲܷģ뵽һԵֵǹа־֣Ȼǰϡ

ۼ񻨶ʱɫҲʼúܲ֪񻨶Ҳ޷סˣ±ӣʲô˵ǡ

ʱӻͳһСӡǲǰˡҲ̫ȫҲһ󷨿԰Ǽ־Щ׻͵ϮֻǶλǰһչǣһֱ꣬ǱȽˣǣǺܱǻ

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ʱѾѸٵĲ÷˾ֻģ́ͷǸʱͻȻ뵽Լڶ߷˵Ǹ֮ѰҵʮֵơǰǰǴӺδģ

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ʱóϸһȴһ𾪵صӣôҲСǬ컯ģ      Ǭ컯

һãؿҲǵ״һֻĹͼЩͬƶ߷õƲֻᵽҪҪҵ

һֻһԵ˵ʹǽǬ컯ҲӦһԣֻֻʮԻ󣬵ǰôֻֻͬͼͬ

֪Ǭ컯ԣҲֻ֮ĻһǬ컯䡣Ǭ컯䵹ֻöһöǬ䣬һö䣬ööǬöϷҲûʱЩǳþ֮Ϸ̸£ö컯Ǿ͸ãֱþǿȥɣҪٵˡ

ӵͷҪȥѰʱҸһȥɣ



Һһȥӻû˵꣬ͱѰ´ϣѰϴһֲɵı飬Ӷپ죬ʱѰ£ƺһ顣úİƮ죬ص˵ͷ

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֪ǩԼζʲôԼνһУԶƿأΪĴС׵سΪһߡ

õĺôܷǿЩ֮Լаͳޣ

ʱڵλаϵĽ̿ҪʱͻأƬ֮еİ׹СͻȻＲ֪Σ½  ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķ

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ףǶ˳Ƕֻųֻ

ӵõ֮󣬾һֱûϤо;Ǭ컯ĺᵽʹôķʹһΣͷ̺֮İ

컯УԳһ壬йɲҪͱ棬γɷ֮ǹᱻͷų

ȻҲֻ򵥻ʹ÷컯أҪѰҵһԽָ֮֮̽

ʱ򣬵ӿʱ̹һλʵʩһ顣ʽʱ֪һֽԼǾӳֹ

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ʱͻȻߵѰǰ±ʱһ󻯵״̬ͷųǹεǽֵǹ־롣

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һɳѹٴϮ֮ʱӴʱڷ±ʧЧҲ˱ǿֿǹҪֵ־

־ȷʵΪǿ󣬾˿̶д˳ܲסڼֵͬʱҲͬʱʶ֮еǰЩ븺γɵġڹǵʱѵ־Уûһ˿еĸӦڿҪΪǸ˸𣬵ǵ־ɱ֮ȷøӵҰаʶлڶǸ˵һ˿Ļģһа֮γɵĳޣ˵ʲôҪʲôȴΥʲôĴڣֻһ

ʱʶ֮дЩ֮ӷ֡ǹ־ͻȻ俪ʼγһ̽Ѱǽѹ·ڿӹ۲һ㣬ӴʱоȸղҪöˡ

ǹ־רעѰ󣬴ʱֿʼñǴһЩоʹ޵Ĵڣ־ٴǿϮǹͷ֮ȴ˷Ҫɱ㣬㺦ұһжɵ

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һĻȴѰû˿Ӱ죬ʱͻȻתӵϴ˽Уҵأ֮еȡңа־Ψһߣ    һ֮ʱȴӦ˹ӣѰȫĸ޵־רעûʩӰ죬Ҫǰջᣡ

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뵽֮ǰʬ幨¼ֻ֪Ҫһ˿ͻᷢ𹥻һûаֻУǺȻ״転˹

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ת׼֧ԮѰ֮ʣֻ̹Ѱµı֣ȴӴһ̹ʦʵǩ˽Լ֮ʵѾӽʦ۷ˣѰ´˿̶Ըȴ࣬ӣҪ˼ɵĻľ͵Ϯ

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ѩȵɣҲǴ֮ǰƮ졣

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᳽ѩ񻨶һȥɯСԳȥ˺֡

ֵĲɽ֮мۼһƬطͱȽϡ٣ɯ֮̽ѰһҲûзʲôϡ֮

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԰˼·̽Ѱɯֺ󣬺ֺܿŲеӺ棬һڡ

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һһɺɯɪ£ⶴѨк䣬λǰô

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𣿡ӡҲ̫⡣



ʱһ޺ǵһ֮дűǰԳ֨֨ĽӱƹǱӣ첽ߵĶſڡ

ͼǶ֮УһֻֻβͣߣʨͷȴɫƬڶѨſڡŽ죬䱸ضСԳߵ֮Ŀ֮дǿҵĽ䱸֮⣬

СԳ춯

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βǴԳѩжڰݵĳȻڲ֪˼ѪͳĹϵǵĺмܸУСԳֻβҲ£ʹĽлƺڱʲô

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Ȼӵǻ۵ĸߵޡӵɰ׶кøеĶΣ    Ӽβ޺ܿСԳ˽ģһƬϸ۲һֻβֻֻޣСԳࡣ

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βڵһɾ硣 и  ׵ĺضɽҡ

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ʱѩȻֹɯ˿Ľ

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ѨȻγɵģҲЩİ

ӽȥ֮һֱ˳ͨ룬żҲЩ϶йţԼԼˣͷ

βػѨ沢û棬ܱߵĶֻһЩֲһЩӴûмģʱҲҴˣо綾

˴ԼаĹ򡣲żѨĶͷһ飬ĶҲȽϳ࣬Щطγɵʯˮ

ﲢûʲôصĴڡ涴֮¿˿ﵹβ޵Ϣ֮    ̧ͷʱ򣬾ͼڵбϷһڣһݣ澪裬ϵǶڡ

ŵڱһɺˡһĲӿ

ֻʮһһֱѡߵĲ֮˼׺󣬲ŷͨġ

ж֮Ļʹͬˣʯڷ·ܹ⻬ʵĲһӶܹԼӰԼʮ֮ǰ㿪ʼдĺ֣御ͷʲô

Щ¶ȼͣȴûнԵʮ档

֮ȻɵģܱߣǺá

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߳ͻȻ䲻²ȿպһȥ

֮ſܱߣһĶֻ̧ͷ򶴶ܹ͸ЩڵĺȻģһεյġ

ͷʱͼǰʮһ̶ðܲĺǺ̶ġ

ȰȵһעǺ̶ĺ档һʮŹֵϸѱҶǵɫģֻƬľϸȥСǺŵĻ䣬ֻſ˼϶ȴһĹâ͸ʮ档

ֲֻﻹûпʵǳں̶ʯһҲûȤȥоΪͲ֪ʲôֲʲôá

߽֮󣬾ͼ⺮̶ˮûнǺ룬ȴҲЩ䣬ˮ峺ż»һӰ񣬾ǱһСɵһص

Ӧþǻˡ    һϤ·һӾǻУصǱȥ

ֻǳˮ̹֮壬ԽǱʱǹɺֱڣ޲Ҫ֮Уֱ򺮲

ȵıҧҧܹܣֻûϵڿǱص׵ʱһصѸٿʼӶǹѹȵڳصһɹݣҪǿѹ

Ӹоܵǹļѹ͸֮СЩͣ漴㿴ԼëʱͻȻȫſһڳˮϸСȥ

Сʱ͵ĸоЩܵʱʵ̲ס󣬱ˡһƨɺðһɹɸݺ ڶ

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벻ˮȻ񾻻˰ǿЧܣѾǼ򵥵ˮˣ֮ϢƽʱǾʱǳ֮תն֮ϢҪڵҺ̬ϢڵõɾϢ֮ƺ˻ԣһɶĿ顣

ӾЩ˼£ˮǿЧ£ĽƤ⣬Сӵеԣ

һɹĸо崫ӻȻڳˮ֮СͺһڰĻˡ

ȻعͻȻ뵽ԼҪҪ죬ǲϴӵĿУǱ

Ǳص֮ȴͻȻɴ۾ſ죬ЩˮǺţޱ𺶵һ׿

һˮɣ߳ߣԼĳߣڳص׵ˮףĽͷʱһզݡ

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һȫ㣬ȥǧꡣȴӤ㣬Żԣڳ˯Ůˣ

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漴ͷϣզͻأǣ˿ûƻгһʥ

ⲻǰݣ⾹ǸŮ

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˵ţˮ׽ųһƣһ㣬ˮڶ



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·ʰ׵֮ȷ£ˮ֮ǹâȥԼʱյУһƲʡޱᣬ泩

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˵Ҳ׷ʡȻԼۼ֤ãǵǰʥŮأ

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룬ҲСȿڶȥ

ڹȿڴһܵĹȦվٳнʱ򣬴ʱΧľͻȻãӸоһһΧĻģһνþ



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ʱеͻȻһųһɹ⻪ӳþΧ֮ڡޱȵȷ

ӻоһɲſͻȻ䷢һʼ֮漴ʧ

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ʱѰͻȻ˵ԵЩĿƺϳɵһ㣬žùֵֹģͬʱ



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ڿӽѰµʱʱϵʱâţʮ־ҡΧһɹɿ֨ҲԽӼ񡣺ʥĲҺһ㡣

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ܵǿҵϮ˿ֵΣչͷ˿Ҵ⣬ܵϮɲǡѸٽڵϢƴ±֮й䣬±֮е־ָޱǿľ



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תѰ￴һۣͼѰȡ֮ѾС˶ȡ˳ڽںϣ˿һɾŲʵĹâǱһ͸Ĺְסһ㡣

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һ죬챻ͱզһ㣬ʱ֮һޱǿҵһͻƿһ㣬سӿ



һʱرɫþʱҲЩ޷֧쵽˱ıԵ

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Ӵ˿̸оǹԼǿ־ͻȻ俪ʼܵӰ죬ǼΪңʱиойɳ޵Ļڷȼգ֪һһЩ־֡

Ϊѹɲ־ٴƴȫ֮ʼɲ־

ǹ־ʱӵҴڡһӾͽ޺֮Уÿﵽһ֮ʱϣҪУǱǹ־ӵ֮дȥ

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ӸӦǹ־ͼ֮󣬴ʱһĲ־ռ֮ĻǾͻ֮Խڵ޵ȼΪһƬ𺣣Ҳ޷ƣʱɲ־ٴ׳Ӿͳ׵ıˡ

ʱȲ֮£ǿл֮飬ͬʱԼ־Уʼǲ־֡

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գڿ޺֮оƮǿ±ڡӲ룬漴Ѹٵ±֮Уĸ׵Ļһ㣬ǹɲ־赲档

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ǹ־漴º͵Ϣӵ֮޿ӵ־ɡ

ˣʶ֮еǹɲ־ڱ߽

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ӻ߹ȥ̽Ѱµ״̬Ͳ߽ʱͻȻסĹâӵĳ

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סĹâʱͻȻ佫ӵҲУ漴֮бһ죬콫ѪС֮еľŲȳڴڣ

еİʹ֮ʣļҲ֪ʹѪҸôܽȳ

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ʱӸоȱʧЩѪʱƺھѪѸٵ޲ȱʧ·ڸһδѪĹ̡

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бһǿҵĲ֮󣬱ֹͣ

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ǷڵĳˮһɾŲʵĹâӳص͸ӳĵλá



ʱһˮ𣬰žŲʹâӰǳˮһɲȽţӳи˳

ӵɴ۾ͼһģһžյŮӻڴݵĳ֮³ˮءһŲʵĹ⻷ǵϣǳ·ľŮһλðһأĿɿڴ

Ѿֲ壬ǵãʵǾŮǰ̲סҪȥǵָ⣬ȥĤݡ

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ŮͻȻ۾ëգգɨ֮󣬲ɵŽεϣ使޵ĺΡ

֪Σٿ˻ʧˡλ֪ôƺ˵λͬһˣ

ʵЩԼҲȷǲͬһˣΪһģһʵ˺ѷֱ棬飬ʼղһš

ʱͷûгǵŮǰӣǼˣȴͬһˣ

ЩиӵԺֱܷ֮ǰһֱԸǸСеڸ飬Ʈ죬ʮֶ

û֣Ѱ£λŮͻȻָųǵզŮ˵𾪵һλ

ŮһֱʱϵĹ⻷Ҳɢȥºһ֣ʱ㻯һŲʹӳص׷˳ģֳܿΡ

漴Ů˹Ųһ壬ϵѪһ壬ֻǽŲ飬ѳɣҲԸգ㣬ϣܺʹá

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Ů֮֮£̲סѿڶΪϤѰ±ů飬رӡ̡

ֻǣʱתͷһŮӣ㲻ǰô

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ŮһˣʣȻǰݣǵò壬ǽ˰ԭӣʵնþ֮еǲ־ӡ֮󣬾תˡ

ЩֱҪץˣûԽԽԺǶǰݡתĻֻʲôƳ֣ʲôΪʲôһģһ֮ͨѰȴŮ֮壬ԭѰµİôˣҲԽԽͿˣ

㣬׽Ūˡ

ŮʱӾҪץӣ͵ȷʵˣڴˣѾˣ޷ϻأ֮壬ֻǵʱ֪ʲôʣûӰ

壿üͷ뵽˶߷壬Ų£ЩˣкͻأǶ߷ϵľԳڻȫжܣСԳǸطȷʵЩΡ

Щ飬ȥһζ߷һ¾֪ԻǡǰŮôѩȣѰµʱΪʲôֻӤڻɽͱڱɽģ

ŮʱЩ˵ʵǽǱĹӣҲһ꣬Ǳޱһ󣬽㲻ıʹ˯ȥ͵һһŲ飬Ҫǵ뿪ǻûɡ⵽׷ɱһֱӣӵ֮޴ӣһ䡱

ЩĹ¡·о֮һжλһ㣬ȻʣûдŮõ

Ůü֮ˣʱһȣǰһ׵Ĳ֮УǾϢ

ֻǺǵٻǱˡʱﻹƫ֧⵽׷ɱķ֧Ҳ⵽Եɱʱʱʧ˾Ų飬δһءֻһֱӵѩ

ʱ⴦֮󡣽ʱҲѾ;ƿݣõĳߣȨңҲó˯ʱ˰ݣһǹ͵Ĺطǽ־м˼άȫ¼˳ǵڻУΪһ̥֮ʽûκûκ˼Ĵ̥֮**ʱһֱǳ״̬̥ʼһסֻǰݵʱùΪʵʩϴ֮ȴ˱ʣң⵽ɣʱͽҸһɽϣұһֻ߶ߣʱһλţҴ޿о£ʹɽ

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Ů˵ķˣֱ۵׸ţҲŪס

һֱŮ˵ž£ɽ֮µȥҲܹȻˡ

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ǣھ֮лԵɺϷ˾Ų飬ѪԵʣŲѪ֮УֱɽѰ³ΪŲԵʣʹߵŮ˱ѵĺۼ

ҲǶʱ䣬ߵĽ𽥿ʼѣѰµľôңʱ˵Ĵ

ֱŮԺѰ¾һת֮󣬽ܹѰµľٴλָǱǹӣԵʶһЩ쳣ķӦҲǵʱɯʱпЩ״

ѩȣԽӽǵ壬־Ӱ죬ǽùһЩ㿪ʼգҲþпѰ²ǽȻͬ˺İͻأ仯

ֱӵȡصþѰ£ѰµõŽö˵־ļ䲢ǿ֮Ϊǽ޷ǹĸأ֮Ů㽹ҪӴȥء

ӴǻصغΪоŲ飬ŮŲ飬ǧһֱδɵ롱

գǳɹ˷롣

ֻǵӻһʣûнǵĽһۣǽڷ֮Ϊʲôֻתꣿ

ŮʱͻȻһۣǹӣһ壬Ѿͨû֮˵ֻ۹ֻǶԿɰǰˣͻĿ̧֮ҵͷҲһԺһģʱ㻹ֵܷ˭ǽ㣬˭ô

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ŮΪҺõһʱʱϳ¹ʾӶ࣬ҲȽǿһЩҾǽˡҲ۸ô򵥣

ң۸ӵɴ۾ָԼıӴ㵵

Ůõʱֹ˺ϼһۣͷ

Ůȴֱӵǵ㶼ˣҲˣѵ㲻ǽøô

ҡ㡱⻰ʱĿ࣬ס֪˵ʲô

ڸѰµǹӣҲ˵ڹһ֡ûзǰҲһ壬զʱصȷʵǵ壬·ϵʱѰҲھʱҲ    һ뵽ЩƬϣһͷ󣬿öˣһͷһȴֱƺҪظô죿

취һզ㿴õ壬Ǿһֻ۾ҲңǾնһֻ֡ڶ취Ǿǽ˫ް£оŲ飬һ壬Ѫᣬ֮Сศɣǽûȥ𣡡Ů

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⻰ŮͻȻչһЦֱܻٵǴӦǽ˫ްɡҪȥǼ龳ܻȥ

龳Ӵ󾪣Ȼ뵽ʲôҲ˵Ǳ磬龳֮Ǹ磬ҲǲȥǸ磿

ӦǰɣǸ磬ǿƣ磬ͳΣСĸһŮĻ˲ݣп

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죬ҲᡣһλͽܣҲһλ֮ˣֻɱ׼Ϊʦʱ˳Ҳ⵽氵㣬ĻᶼûУǿϧˣ

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ϸ룬ǿЦŮµЩв¶ӵĸ룬ʱҲһµᣬˣǱ׽ε˳ġ

ӶԴ˾ѣҲûйȥ˼Žöˣԭıʲô

ŮԭҲֻһ֣оֳ̫ʹ裬ӽԺýѰ£Ҿͽ

ȻˣǾͳȥɡǹ¡ǲ̫֪˵ţӿŮͷǶԽǣǣӳȥ»಻Ҫ鷳

ӻ䣬ʱŮͻȻһ̧ۣͼǻصһ۹ųһһУ֮ǰˮ֣мǿžŲĹâ

ʱѰߵУͼеľŲ齫ö˰漴㽫ö˷ɢγһĸݡֻǽö˷Ŀˮ֮ǹâ͵ࡣ

һö˸ΧһɱָŲڶŮ֮âɣһ֮£״ʼγһỬɴ

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֪ԭĻڵ±ڣ˵һ֮⣬áֳ˼ʶ

ϻֵѪֻа飬޷ں֮мȽȽҵѪ֮󣬱ɽ϶ΪһУʱѪܷ֮ӳ֪Σ½  ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķ

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Ůó˶Ѩ֮󡣾ͼһȺڶѨſڣǡ

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Ůʱ˹סɯС֣ɯãѰ£

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ѩˤ䲻֪Ӷɯ˵ʲôҲܺ棬Ǹֽ˶УֻӼˡ

Ůȥ֮᳽ʵ̲סеĺ棬ʣӣǹͣ˳ֵҲֻһѰ¡һǲǰݣ

ź룬ǵȫͬ˸оͬһˣǲ´ˣһӦòǰݣ

㣬û׼һۡ

ӵȷʵһˡ˵ܸӡİݣܾǰѾںؼɽˣ

⻰һݡ

˵巢ˣ

˵šת¾ȷϣ¹شǱѸٸϻȥϸ£һʲôܣȻôִšһ߻ħôˣȻ˳֣ͣҲûκӰ

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Ļһ뵽ԼػĶѨ֮һصǬ컯ɵǰǬ컯ͽָǺ

Ǭ컯ôγɵģ޷׷˷ԴͷϷ֪ڴǰڣǬ컯ֱΪĸԳһֱΪ壬塢塢壬ǶǬ컯䣬Уֻ֮ʱõǬ컯䡣ܲĪ

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Ϸֵӣ֮ʱ潻ҵģ˵ǧ֮ʱһ岿֮зֵģǸ档֤֪岿һַӽҺҪڴ̽Ѱһ¸ĻûĺۼҵĻͽ黹

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֪Ҳ൱弫֪ʶĻѧ Ӻε֪ģʲôʹã

ӱ㽫ǰڴƾʱŵΧʹЩΪｻ˵˳    ЩȻһۣӣ˵ڷѳȥĸţǳĲ򵥣һǵĳЩܺ͵ƣѩ򸽽ҲѱѩȷĶᱻ֪ӣ鷳ԽԽˡ˴ɽ֮ҪСЩɣ

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תͼѰºʱֱײͬ·ǴҲвͬǰһ

ŮѰɯһװɫȹܾжĻɫׯţˣɫӦɻԡ

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ڵװ磬ǿӵĿ⣬ܡӶг󣬱һۡ˵ǵ飬Ѿɯ˵ˣһҪ˫ްº֮˫ޣͬҪ޸㣬òҪǽöʲôͷŵǼ£ɱˣ

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Ĭˡǣ˵൱һԼĬϱǴӦԼѳɣ뷴ڶˣ

˵ţһתأ˫޺ôࡣ㶼ռǽıˣ㻹

ӱ⻰׵סˡεðɣ˵ˣ

˵ţӵĿȴɯɯһǰۡһƲȥС⡣

ӳԱӣеС⣬ʱ˵أɯĿǰ裬ǰǽǲ֮еģͶԵԺɯϣҲָֻϴηʳ߲ȴûнǿЧ÷ӳǵĸɯõɾͣԲģ

ȴе㻳ǲ˵󻰣ΪܲǿָɯѰһȴһ뷨

ʱ᳽ӡ˵֮ˣǺʱɽٴ֪У½  װ½ڸ֧࣬Ѯɹϸڻ橲һ

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Ӵ˴ѩȣҪΪѰҰɾĿѴɣҲʱ뿪ѩˡ

ʱȴͻȻ˵ǻһЩҪһ£ǻҪһɽλ£ɽ

ǵģƺ뿪Щ⡣

ǼһЩ˵֣Ҳ⣬

Ǵ˾Ǵǧģ±ӵЩǱϻ㱨Ȼˣҵȱɽˣ

ͷӣ˵ӣ˴ɽ֮ҲҪҵȼ潻֮£ƻ±仯һȥؼж顣ϣСģ

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᳽֪ѩһºǾҪأֻӵļҲû˵˽֡

ѩҲû˵ǿԱߵ񻨶䣬䣬л˵ɣٲ˵ûˣˣɯһۣǣ᳽һ߿

񻨶һԼİθɯ˻֮ҧŴתֻصһۣ˰죬²Һ㣡    ˵꣬ѸתȥֻתʱһξӨ黬䣬·Զȥ

ĳЩ˸УֻȴչʵһֵȻ񻨶Ǿ仰صʧ֮󣬹鸴ƽ

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ϲϲϲҲǿԼֻǵشΪԼĶôķǣǺۣЩǰԸһɵӣ㶮ģ

㱾ǸɵϣɯͻȻ䣬һװۡ

Ů˵˼仯ʱûɵġ

Ѱ´˿̵˼Ӳеĺ棬òѰʵǶ뿪ˣлֱ˵ɣ

ҳһ𣬾;쵽һֱҵҺбҪˣǽǹӵݡҲõĸ֪ϾǴӵģⲻų˻ǽ⣬ųõϢ󣬸ǽôˣ

ⲻҪԭɣӵ

ƺǱ˵˼һۣʵϣǽõ뻹ûг׵ĳɹ֮ʱǿںЩֻ֮ѹڣûн ǵĹָֻɣǻҪЩʱָҳ룬̣ǲ̫ģΪǺܻܿյǵɢ֮ǺܲǻȱһҪĺѪ̡̣Ҳǲ˿ĴšҾ뿪

ѪḶ́ҪʲôɯúԻ󣬲Ƚʵ

ұڵѪ޷־ǿ򸺺ɣҺ֮ȻԼһЩȻ޷ܣұ嵱еѪΪһκѪϵĿ̧̡ҪѪĸ

뵽֮ǰڻرߵȺʱǴη˼ĻѪԼͻȻͨѪáӶһѪǳ

ʱ˵ĺѪ̣йעѪҪѪɣô˵ĻѰµΪǲǾ˵ҪѪԣմǶ˵Ѫõ㾫ֲȡȻ󽧳һں·䣿

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ڳص׵ʱ汻ɾŲĲΧʱΪѪܵӰ죬ڴľѪ֮²һѪҵ棬˵ѪҾ뵽˴¡

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㣬˵ˣŮѰʱ⻰˵ߵ޵ݡ

ȴûãӵȻ˫޵֮ǰȾǽһκ޹̣֤ȷ䣬ˡ

⻰һҲȫû뵽ȻὫǽüӵشӾǸɶ

㣬˵ʲôôԽԽͿɯʮֲʡ

ȴǺܼɵ˵ͨ׵˵Ҳܼ򵥣ͺñŮУͣȡһ̣

ɯһ⻰׵Ŵ죬סˣͬʱҲ͸ˡ

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ȴѰĨǣίɯͣɯã㲻Ҫˣʲ˵ǲû˷ʲôϵֻͨŲȥѪ֮丨־ݣڿˣС

ʱʮΣɯĽͣʱͷˡ

ЩԽֻͣԽԽڣϵˣٽˣɯ׵ģǻ˵˵κѪɳ׵룬ָҪãǺʱɽ

գһ£ǰѪģѪֻа飬̻ԻһЩҪһҲɺѪḶ́ǵʵҪȫָǰ첻ģָ߳ɣ߳ɵĹҲܹӦЩСǿˣ

⻰һԽõʵָжǿʵǼı׼

ԭݾסĶ򵥲һʱסĵط

СС޴·ɽϴһЩԭŵĸΪáСԳ·ϲ֪ժЩӻ˽ʳ֮󣬱ٴȥ˻ء

֮еˮһЧ̺Ԫؼ棬ȷʵ洦

ȻβµصסѰ¾ڳرһ֮Ϊɯǿ˵ʱ䣬ָɯֽһ׽컪Ĵ֮

ס컪Ĺ֮еľţȷʵڲͬȻɯڲоżʦڵΪ磬׹裬ֱǾ䡣

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ӵĹĸɯҲǿǰǡ

һжٺ֮Ůþڻرϣ˸ı䲢Ӱǽ˵ĺѪ޵Ľ̡

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ǷѩããʱƹʱֵʱѨԨҶѿȻ

ȻʱڴƹеơȴԽԽŨ

ս³ֵĽ״̬Ѿаˣ۹ڣʮֱƴƿݵ׸ݳ£ƽţһĻ̡̻

ʧȥƬڴƻʵ۵Ϊִʱ裬ʵ۶εְνսСʤոʧأƶսƣȻûá

ǣвƣʱ䡣˵ϡ

ڴƻʵ۴֮϶δؾ֮Ĵ£Ʊ۹Ħ۹ҹϮڴƱӪδɹߵսѱȼ

ˣҲʼֳƵ۹СڴǬݱ߾ԭһ죬½һڱ߾ᣬѰҽĿʵ

һеľơƵ۹ʷΣսһϵиϢĴ֮£ƻʵڳܲסѹһ𣬲𽥽Ȩ̫ӣҲ̫Ӵ֡

ȻһΣ֮£ϵϳ뵽˵߳ƣݺ޵еྸ׷ʵҪྸִľȨͳȣӦεĴΣ֡

ֻеĳӶûϵǡȻʵ۲أڷžȨ£ȴʼֲֻᣬЩϳڹգʵҲһ֮ʹϳǴʵʹƽɽ֮࣬ʵȻûᡣ

˶ʵۻӹ֪Σʵ۵ȴǳһϵеս˵Եɡÿ̫ǰʱ򣬻ʵ̲ס˸֮֮̾

̫ɽÿı̾Ҳʵָʲôҵʱ䣬Ҳ飬졣

ʷԭɣɽУȴҲΪı棬žһɽصѹڸӶ˵ͷ汲ȡ˽ɽЩ󱲣ȴ˵ʹţ˵Щìܡʵϲìܡڲ֮ϵĻʵۣ̾Ϣ֮󡣾Ȼڷⲽ˼̫ɽɵν󣬸ʲǲôô

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ص˼˵ⳡսעʧܣ̫ƺееһЩ

ʵûشֻǵҪμǣߣ˵ԸǿڴϣֻǱûҪģǴߵľ⡣

̫Ӵе˻ʵ۵˼ˣͱ֮Ŀ⡣أȴ־ϬҲֻǴ˵־ͻ֮ʱ以ˣԴԴϻָǿ𲻸ģǰĩʵ֮ʱĸ̾Ҳ˼

׾ͺãʵ۵ͷʵǰκʱڵĵڶʵĵܹǰʵ½±ҵһܽЩڶ¹ģԣؽȣѰߵСȣ㲻֪Ź֮ͬʱŹ֮

ǣ߼ˣģݡزᡷ֮еļءԴʱʷϴδйһεԽ˾ʥզΣִǰκʵۣҲûͻƿԽʥ磿

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˵ţ̫Ӿ

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ǰʵԵĶ˭



ʵص³֡

̫ӷ顣֣ȴԻһЩӼмءԭǶһ֪֯ʲôԭǨ˱֯ټӢʥᣬҲĹÿʮһΣѾγһֹǴʥᡣʵ˼ǣλǰڶʵۣǺ֯ʥᣬʹ˱

ˣʶÿʱԭڣǰʵܹҵɽɹձķǲʵֵġ

ǵĻ뵽ѩʥڣȴ˥ѡš

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һȻܹάƽ⣬֮ȴԽӵءⷴʹǸγ˶ŵһĻ游ı״Բнʹŵ·Ѿˡ

˵ʵͻȻһ٣˲û֮ԣȴһЩԲڵ飬ΪκʵǰܣʵǼ޴ΪҰģһֱܹƿסġ

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ʵһɫΪȴЦͿ֣ӶǣӰ쵽ѾͿյıϡӰ쵽ս̴֣ͦ찡

˵꣬ʵ۵ʶӪӪѽ֣ȥ

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֮У˸һֱΪ˶裬ڻİ֮еı飬žӨϾĽϡʼչһۣܰǣʼչһ˿ԡů͸жЦ⡣

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Щ룬׶εѭβ֮ʱҲȥҲվѩ֮ϡ

Сף͵ȥժӣ

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˼ʣӵϡǲµĴ࣬һѪɫĹ⻪һɹѪɫϢ͸뵽ѪУȻŲ鴫ݹһѪ֮ٻݽӵڡ

ӵ嵱УǹɾѪϢ֮ʣһǴ󲹣ʹѪһԵˬо

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ı˫ӵľµСֵõһʵ˿ȫѪѾһ񻻣Ѫ    ȻûдﵽѪ繱ˮĵزǸ磬ѾԽԽӽˣ磬Ѿ֪ʦڣɵʦڡ

ڵӣֻһЩʵ򣬴Ӷľ־ﵽʦ۷徳磬ʥں׶Ρ

ĳɾͣѰºԹӵ˫öԡȴߵЩ΢ˡ

һʱ˫ϣܵԽ̺֮־Ǻεȵǿ

֪У´ﵽؾ۷壬ΪѾʮǿˣҲܵųǿ־ʵ

ȻڸоŮ֮е־֮ŷ֡µǷݳɾͣһԹӽڷ֮һλֻҪʱܺܿӽǳԽˡ

󣬶Ů;ԭʱڵ־ѮɹϸԻѸ橲һ򡱣СκһĻǾܹ龳°

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ʱ꽻ޣҼӲõĺѪ֮СȻֻΪһԹߣֻѪСùеľŲ飬ɳ׵롣Լ־ĵͳء

ͨѰµĺѪ֮УӼʹȥЩɶŮȫŲѪ֮нںϵڵľѪÿѪ񶼻ȡӵѪ֮ȱʧһЩ׳ѪܣͬʱҲɾŲڵһЩѪӶ̲Ůڵĵȱʧ ӶﵽһָȡĻ̡

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Ѱʱʵĵںϡ

ֻγȻɻĴƣһضԼյĴǿӶʹı仯ϡҲΪ˰Ѻ

仯ڡƤںϷ־֮ʱ˴۰ͺǱȫ˴һ㣬ҸҪ˺һĸоڽУֻǶͷðܡ

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һ൱ؼɱ̡ھԪǸ̵ʱڵľ˶١ֻھ;ɵһզСʹĹ̡

ڶһɱ̸̣ӵ࣬忪ʼŤϵҲڽһɹ絶һϢɢ䣬ʼųǣĹǽҲʱᷢϽһľ죬һЩųѪҲ˳

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ע⵽巢ɱУϵڱ仯볣Щ죬Ǻԣڱ仯ȴǷ츲أϿף볣˼ΪͬȻ壬Ǿһǿ־ڱ仯֮ʱͺñȶһδģȻܹס

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ˣʱµ˫޽̣εɱ֮󡣶˳Բɣ˲Լͬչ

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⸮еϵĸ֡Լɱλеզ죬һ̨ɵȥ빬͢ȥˡ

Ʋ⵽ͼǶԷҪŶǰȴɷ֮ʱλʦǿץסѸ˵һʱ³ɵַǻذ֮ϣ¶һ˿ղ̵ļЦ

³ɿŶԺӣҪǻذʱͻȻоԼĲӱһǯסĺЩ٣ҪϢʹҵ

³ɿҪϢʱʶһʹȥ̨ڸϷˣϵң֮ǰһɵ



³ôӽʱ򣬳еĿ־رʹȫӦͷֳŷָȥ

תͷǸԺֱΧס˵ſڣ  ʦס󡣾³ָķȥ찼³ɺ˳㰴Ǹ

ʱԺɣҺ֮˶ܲǼʸЩԺеĻǣ˴⬡    ûһĻûעʱѸٳ³ָĵطȥ

³ָλã⸮һȽƫһط׷λʦɱ󣬷ǰȷ˺󣬱³ɽһص

صͨ£㲢ǺܳԼʮң³Ľʹһҵǰ

Ǳŵģӷ³ɻ˿򿪣

ҸףûܴͷţҲ֪浽ʲô³ɵõϢĻᣬڴڵ˵

飡

һץ³ɵͷʹײҵϣͷѪѪϵһĲ֮Ĳ۶ʱ

ʱ䣬ֻǿθ㡣һٴ򲻿һԽԵģ

³ɴ˿òִӻͳһ̷̣ǰ֮кȻһš漴ꡣһ춯ű㱻ˡ

ҺɨһȦһֿ⣬ѷƼ鱦ΣһЩϻбһЩϡҩģûҪĶ

Ȼûѧƽ֮ǰŰ崳ô󣬶Աʶصеġ֪һҰϸһĿһܲ۵ʯΡ

ӿʯΣ³ɻŵûа취ٴǴˣҸ״Ӳκ˽ӴǼң˵ö鲼ž綾һЩ  

ûָƽ⣬Ϊоһ˵滰Ǵ㱩ƽ⡣

䣡

һ죬ӳǴʯڴصһƣضɽҡʯһҵĻζͼǴǽڡһźȻҳ졣

ݣ

˿̣ǻҳ֮Уо綾ȳվ棬󣬸վǡ

ӴǼݼ価ҳɢ󣬾ͼһֻʮͨ滹һɵɫ

ѵȼӵȼһһ̳߽֮ͨкǾ̳ʱ漴ͽӽ֮ͨУͼһŻͬǻ磬Ҳ˵ɫ

ӼܶȺܴ˼̳Ƶ֮ͨУܴȼԼĹǻʵɫϨʱһ³ɣͨ漴ƨϾһţ³ǰȥ



³ɿ־巢һУǰȥʱֲûдءֹԼѾվͨͷˡ

Ӹͨͷʱַһţֱ̧һߵϣԵúֱܴӾͱһ߿չչҵϺ漴һȣ³߽Ǹ֮С

³ɽ֮к󣬾ûôˣһȥʹ˻أͼĵתŴĸ³ֻһզȴǶС֮У˲Ϣ俪ʼ෢̣ȻǷҲо綾

ңң

³ɲҺŵͬʱſڵϣƴȡҲֻǼĹ򣬱Ϣ΢û˶

ֻۿһۡȴû֮Ĵ۲һͷ

磬Ҫ̽ҡ

 

Ҳ󣬼ֻиʯʯʣԴŮʨʯܣÿʯ϶м롣

ӽ򲢣ͼмż𿪿˿밢̨֮ţҪǱ顣

ûעЩӽŶһߣһ⣬ţֶһߣ

һֱŶ𿪴ſˣǰ̨֮ϵԼڹֲܷһЩ˵ͨţҲǹϵ顣

ЩӸȤĶǴһ룬滹żֽ֮ĶĵؼģǷŲ֮磬ȴƹ֮ż

ſ⣬оʹƲ̨ɽЩ붼ģȫƹйϵܡ

Ʋ⣬ִ򿪵룬ź١ݴһЩ֮ĶһϣȻҮ֣а̣

һ룬һЩҵϵܣ

һ룬һЩҪԸ˵һЩн켰ϳҪɱģҪ£ģȫϸ˳

롣ûҪĶԺġǴһ롣

֮ʱǰһ

ͼһЩ񣬿ͼ뻨ƣԼͼھ֪ǹ壬һĶЩճһƤƤԻݣһЩػޣʲôĵطһⶫĵط

û֪㽫ЩԹֱһϵȵĽдĶʱ㱻סˡ

һݻʵ۵ּᵽһ׺˽Ѱ鵽ںؼɽϣ˸ӣɵʱͳĮ̇׷׽׺Ӵ

ӽּŽڴڳ﷭ңӵҵһֺϵţǲġ

ᵽ̨ɸǻ㱨ϢѾõ飬ǲи밢̨ɻϣǰؼɽɱϲ׺򸾣跨׺ĺӴѩС򽻸һгˣ±Ϻ󣬰̨ҸСкʵ۸ɣᣬֻɱ

ǡΣ׿

֮Ȼ˵Ʋߵĸףԭ׺ĸ׾ǳƹƻʵ׽̨һ֯磬Ҫɱ֮󣬽Скѩֻ;ƲˣʱѺƲߵİ³£ûлȴѪš    뵽ɻôûᵽĸǼǳ﷭һţйȻᵽǵ鱨׼׺ӣһһŮкѩ;ߣŮһܴߣ䲻Ҫϲƹй壬뽫顣ŮɱҪʱʵʩ壡

ӿ꣬һǡΡ֣һʱꡣ

˼ţӼﻹ⣬ʮǰдģ˵̨ɻ㱨ĵϢѾյҪϣѸչжƲйӴĹ壬ǻֱʵʩ壬󻼣ԷһЩй¶ǡΡ

üⶼǡΡͬһˣһź󣬼Ųдģǰ³ᵽѪ׷ɱƲߵľƲ밢̨ɱ

ˣӷ˳뵱еţȻ̨̫ΪʲôЩſٻ٣ȴбɱ̨ɵͷӵļᶨ

ЩҲûдоתʱͼ³ȫϣѾһĭ֮󡣱ֱӳҡ

漴ϲۡȼܴ˼



Сѱһɱ֣Ѫ

ʱһƬңʱһЩڼʿϱȥ

򶫵Ǽҿջʱʮʬ塣

ֱջſڣżһЩǽԽԽʱһڼʿΧս

ջ֮Уͼһȫ׵ӵĽֽһλߣλɫ򶨣˿ңֻϲͣнôţ˼ʲô

ߣͬһλݿݣͷףߣλҲһƽڼĹƣûиľʲô

Ƭ̣ܽһλ˺ۺ٣ӵ£ЩڼĹƺǿǿֵסˣ»뿪Ϊµڻ

ӵıһгȴЦȻ̨ûɸɱңôڿ¶ۼʹҪĿŵطˣЩҲֻʱѣ

Աߵߵ£ǼȻڴ˳ɹס˰̨ߵעʱ䣬ǵ·Ѿ£Ǹڴ˲ʲô⣬ӦʱȰţӦϣڣԮǵ취ͻΧǣ

ʱϴһŽǵĵͳ֮󣬴ӽʱ˿ֿԮڸϵˣǿɱ󣬴ĵػˣ

վ˵Ը˴֮ң˳ƽλأͻȻջ¥Ͽһۣųš

¥һʱϺɯһǵ˵㣬ȥôˡ᲻£ȥɣ

ɯһۣ㼱ģڵΪټǽƻһ˼˾ʥϵߣûκ˵ģ

ѰµǾҪ𣿡

ȴ¡ҵڲǸһļƻʱ˵Щһ˼ϸµĿ£ԭڽʱ򣬾ͷΣǱΧסҲɿǻӵµʱ򡣾˿ʼڰãʱҵҲ·ǱһΣƵעĿĽĺȻҲǸӵע⣬ǲɣӶﶺ۲죡

ɯԺôأ

Ѱ½ӵ˵һ㡣ӺҲмƻ£ڴ˶ҲģҲֻ˳ˮ۵һ顣ССĽڰˣһģɺϣҲļıҲһǻ׿Ȼ֮ˣ

ֲѸٵڶ̶ʱڷչ׳ͳ磬ǵǻֶۣΣнƻȻ޷ȵġҽʶˣЩ£ǻҲ̾˿

㣬ڸöû˵˰ɣ˰ɣɯƤԺ϶ϲأ

ޣڶз֮ˣô˵Щ㲻ԴףͲһ汻˸˲ɣɯһۡ

ߣΣġұǶɯһҸ״˵

һı飬ȴ˵ӴҲˣԭһҲǸƻС꣡

ѰȴͻȻɯã˵ڸʲô

ɯһ״˵

飬Ůö˳׵ˡ





 Ű 糺֮ҹ

紵ʱһƬŵ֮Ункһ죬ľ֮쳹ƬžĳС

ҹѣ

ʼľʿǳľ֮Ҵææ׳ţǽСĪҲӡ

ԵЩңǲ֪ʲô׷׶ڼҼнŴԭĴֹɼʿӰӣǶ׷һص㼯ϣǳƹ

ƬҵҹУɱѪϢʼΧһƬɱĳʿǣڰջսѣ֮ҹȴ˵ˣ֮ػɱš

ⳡ͢ɱ֮û˾쵽һ飬˼ո֮赲ģԱոĿĵأƬҷĺ֮ء

Ĵ򶷱Щʿɱ֮սԵüҡΪʿѾһ㣬س⡣𲻵˿Ӱսãӵ۵ģǳƹ֮еľ֡

֮֮һƽʱɭϵĮ̇ɵĸۡңɱĶӣҲǳһְ̨ɽɺϣֵƹĽ

̨ɺ֪ƷʵۡȨʱһĿ˽ѣĺԺȼܴ    ʱ򣬰̨ڵؿЦšѾǼֿɵõȨǿ˷ܸгЩЩ̬

ټĻʹ֮Уʱʬ壬һ˻ͬһѱȨƻĵĽʿĻȳ档֮µֻһ߾߹͢ѪйŮǳšȴòҲ̶õʬ塣

ɱ¾ڼţš

ںȺУһľ첻ϵзݵǿһײ֮ʱĺ죬иֶԾ֮ʱľƿպ

֮еľ֣󲿷ֶۼһʹűʵ۵񣬶һ֣ȴʹɱ¾ƹְ˫սǰҡصƻԡ

ʱһ֮УһߣܻһλѮӢ¶ľ߻ϵߣǳƻʵۡϴżȵķŭ֮Уȴʱ¶һκͱ

ĺʹ࣬ʱȻƽֻŶֻʮզѾ˻ۡ˻ʹڣ˿ǡۿԼ͵Լλֶӡ

ǵģˣֶӣõĺӣİԼӻҪࡣҪŨ

ȻȴûϵĹذȴֻǱѣ޾ʹࡣ

ۼ֮͢лԼĸ˲ءƽȥλʵ¶ıԼֶӣȴƽ߶ΪʲôҪô㵱ɱ˴ӣûй㣬Ҳ޹ʲҲδɹ㣬죬ӵǲģ

϶˵ôѾˣġҲģȻλԵֻˣȻлˣϼһһģӴʱЦݡԵЩ

㡱ʵһġָѾŤֶӣʧ۰㣬㵱һ㿴ѵ飬û˿֮ģ

ʱվڲһλݣɣо˸ͻȻһЦ£ݱ֮ʣһһܣҲֱ֮ʡˣ

Ϊʲôʡ°籣ԱߵĲϷЦʡ

ЦΪܣһѪȻʡ˰籣

̨ɣ֪Ұģԭһж߻ģ߶Ҳģ㲻ɹģƵǲͽģʵʱǸʱЩŭͼ

ԭվڲߵߣǰ̨ɡ

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⻰ʵƺܴһģסʧָŲ̋ɵ泼ޣԭԼҲֲûʶ˵ţʵ˿Ѫ

ܿǻԹҵĻһЩô۹    ʵ˿Ѫʱһ껤ʱеĴ򶷣Ѿʼ̨бʵѾУ̨һ˼ˣһ⣬ʵԺǿ

ʵѪӣȥ̨ɴ˿̵һɼŤĿӣЦ֮Уֵ£㽫ȥ֮ǰ˵ܸʵһֱһ۰ֶӣҲֻǸðƻˣǵɽкˣú÷һңʮǰͱ˿ڣ

ʲô㡱ʵһ⻰ʱоתһȫʧصľ֮£ʹ뱯˵ĽҳѾ;ƿˡ

䣡

ʱڰ̨ɵĿЦУһصط˹ҵ̨ɵĽ£̨һ֮£ϵЦݶʱȻֹ

֪ǰģһ֣ʵ߷壬ǲȥģȴһ̯һǰѾһ߱ʬ󣬼һĻ̨ɫ䡣



ţһ˹Ľ£һ۷ĸ֣ǲűشʱѪץŲ̋ɵȣˣʦһˣǲǶ֣˵꣬

䣡

˴ε죬ΧһҵĻζ̨ҲڲţΪǰֿһ߷ɹ壬һ׹ľʯصǰҲһĴӣ

һ۷֣ھֻǼĹ򣬾Ѿˣ˭û˿ζֵģʬȴѪܵسǰ

̨ɵеķһɿ־ϣɼڳʵ۽ʣµֶԾʦϣѾʵ۵˾סܷԸǸǱڰĴʦ֡

ʦʹʦһڣһڣҲо֮ģʵβȻǲܱȵģ

˭ʲô˻Һ£תֱµľ棬ð̨ɿʼʶ鲻شš

ȡˣ

ʱããڰ֮УһĮƽһɶ·֮йɲҲڲ˵ҲΪ֮ţ

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ֻǣĻ䣬ʱһ·ɱȫȾѪ㱨ˣ²ӵ·ѾΧҾ˲أټ˳Ǽˣɱǵķ˳ţڼѾɱʹˣǿ쵲סˣ

ʲô

̨һ⻰ɫٴŤ𣺡ôţΪʲô

ˣĸۡѾվ㸮ûһӳλ¼˵

꣡

̨һ⻰һѪ𣻡˭ɵģ˭ΪʲôҪ

˴Եʹʱ뵽ӦմȾѪҪģ

ʱڰ֮Ǹӽ

̨ѪӳǸȥͼһݶϣʱһӰվҹ紵죬һոΪͶ΢Ц

ɱɱ

̨ضסݶϵǵӰЪ˹شš

ֻǣµλ֣ѾˣλʦסһЩʦߣ˿Ѿͷ־ֻűȫ˭ȥɢȥ

ӦеĽ֣ģʱҡźΣʱȴûκε

ڰ̨ɵѾ޳һֻιëͺҲֻܸɱˡ

ʱ뵽ӣǰȾܡ

ͽ͵ģһֻСӥϣֻһ

ʱϵӰһֻʱӰܵٶ죬ӥٶȸ죬ڱ֮Уһ˿ƻӰʱصһȭ͵Ϯ

벻϶ȻҲʦʵ

ֻЦӭȭϣӡ¶һǺ־ǵϮ̨ɵһҲͳӤѧȭû˿в

飡

һ죬ӡѹ֮ϣ̨һغ϶ûеֵסǱĳȥ򡣱һĳԶҵһǽϡǽںȻ

ӲֱɱΪЩҪʡ߽ʱ˵ǽµĮ̇վȴذ



˹ҲֻǱ˵߹ õľߣȻҪβʹ˵Щ˭ûиıϣҲûбҪΪǼЧ˲ǣ˵ɣɱ׺һҵǸ˭Զϡǧâϡϵȹʲô֯Ǵţ

һЩ̨۾صӣȥҵң

ӵͷȻûдݻЩţҲʱЩűһҸǿ֯ͶЩΪש˵ûɣڵ˵زȻҲɱ㣬ǼӣʵۣгƹҲɱ㣬ɷҲҪ׳һ㣬Ӧ뵽һ죬䱻˵һɱóһΪȥ汳ǿ    ̨ЩƱЩѪԣͻȻЦӵϷһֱ˼ҵĹߣδ˵ǸۡǵһãҸ㣬Ǹ˽У

ǣ̨Ҫ˵ʱ򡣴ʱλһֵ

Ȼĳ֡ޱѸٲƳĿ겢һҪ˵ܵĮ̇ɡ

ӸӦı仯󡣼ת̨ʱֱӴӡ˵ǿƶԽһһ ҡ

˱ñˣۼ̨ǿӰ죬һϢ˰أ˵㿴˼Ҫɱˣ

ȡȡ̨ɴʱϢʮֵ΢˵һֺ󣬱

ʲôӼʦŭһ֮ʮӡ¶һɸжص񱩵λʦϮȥ    ٣

ӡǾµױŭ𽻼н¡ʱؾҵĲΧʱһɼȵı֣λʦӿŭ־Ϯ֮£ûгŹߵķݣ˳ȥҲûϢͬǸĽȫ˺١

лʮַŭġòѭѭôһõķΧ̨ɿ˵ܣȴ˴ƻˣһסʦ

ʱղҲҪѶɱڣֵӽŭǿϣ̨˵ģһ֣һʲô֯ɣҶҪţʹ㿪ʼ

СӣšߣЦһ֮ųŪһۺһƻ˶֣תһݣ㳯ȥ

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˱ӷų־Ϯ֮Ϊ˵ֵ־Ϯ岻΢΢һ٣ʱʮҵľʱ˴Ĵָ

һϢȴűӵӿֲ缲һģѹһɱϢ˵ĺ󱳼

˲תоһɼȱϢԼв΢΢һϢȻֶ޿ɶǿ־ǣȴϢԺη

꣡

Ҳֻͷôһ֮ʡ˸оǹɱ֮һɿޱȵﱬըƻǰص󱳣͸һϸСޱȵĿףȴûκεѪ

˵ʱǰ֮󣬾صˡ

һεʵټ˻һָʮҵľ룬ٸɲҲ׿ôˣ

˵㿪ʼҾԲʳԵģǵرˡӵ˵һ䣬ٴλص˰̨ߣ

ӷ̽̽ı΢Ҳûָһվ벻ջǱ˿ڣңҳһۣտ㲻ƺ



׼뿪֮ʱͻȻ䰢ֿ̨һ󣬽Ųһͣתͷͼ̨ͻȻվѪ鿴Ȼһζдһ֮ɫȴ˵ҲҪ׳һأϷھУ֮

˵ţŲĵȥʱսѾȺģֻǳɰǧΧĽʿѡ

ʲôˣӼ״ʧʡ

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ڰ̨ɲ˵ֺ󣬴ʱһ̨ģɴ⬡

զϼһȻվŵģĻе

ţţǡЦֻЦȴһһ޷ζ

תʱͻȻֽиĻ۵ļһɪšߣסĲӡ

ӢۣŹҰɣС

ðƲߵνͻȻӵǰһǡģ

ʱӴŴٸһƬǽ壬ҵǸֵʬ壬ߵǰʱ͸Żӵò֮϶Ȼһ㣡

ʶ

ʱʵ΢ؽлһ첽ǰסʵ۵֣Ȧصˣ븸ˡ

ʵʱȴûӣȴתָӣ㡱

ʱðĲ˹ߵʵ۸ǰӣ㽫ӵСЩҪֻҪ֪νĲӣ첻ǰ̨һ֯׼ͼı㽭ɽܰˡֻǽɱ̨ɣЩˣҲҪǵĸм

ʱһЩ˴ҴһٸǼλ󳼣ʵǰ󣬱ʵ

һ˿תʱһ㣬ϵǸӵ˾㡣ݹòԴˣ

ûڣֻǿŻʵ۵ҪмģۼڴǬݶԭ߾ĳΪפϱ߾۹γ弴ɣҲҪս ֻҪӾˣԾڴˣǲҲƽϵģǣ˵ţһݣʧҹɫ֮У˲䲻Ӱ

ʵȥӰӣţ Ǻ񣬡

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÷ѣľ˾ˣʵ˵ţһοֵǻҲİˣʶ

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˵Сڵ鵱ƹ屻֮£̨²ɾβͣʱ򣬻˵ܣ˱ţСӻҪţ

һδɵСӣҷҪţϷҪûǸλϴЦţһ˿Ū

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ˣüͷ롣漴˵ϻѩ򡣽ڴϣж飬ɱСӵ£ᴦ

ȶȥ֮λϳʱЦһСӣҸһŶԿֱˣñϲ鵽ĵϸ

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ྸ˿̾ߡɫȻƽغŲ裬ѩһţҲ˼

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ྸӹ鱨չ˿ȴЦһɽ𻢵Ĳ԰ڰʼԥ

˵ţλү֮СȴһĨɾĿŭվ󣬶λµʲôͿԪڸʲô

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ȥˣྸʱȭͷѾԺ



ǳţһֱȥˣ˵УλдʦΪĸ˶죬ʣС书ǵֻţͱ˦ˣԲ֪ȥ򣡡

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ŵΪѩһŲֻ˳˲ø䣬ܾТź

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Ƭϵʥأǹͻļޣأó١

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СĴ˿شӲԶֵ׵ļϣһӲͣᣬ֨֨

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ݱڻ˼صͷ

̫ˣ̲סһЦȻˡǾͱô࣬ȻһЦһ˵šȻСݵ



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ʱͼСݵ֮ͻȻ䱻һɵĹâɹâ֮УӰãͺɹӳճӰҪĳЩصʱ룬ʱۺϡͺҪֳһ˵Ӱһ㣬ʮֵ

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ţ֪ˣҲᣡֻͷ



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˵꣬Բʹӵĳóһӣȡһ̿ʣ΢Цſӡ

ףզСҲų⣬ӣӳƹ⼸λµϣ

⻰ԲЦЦڲϼ¼ʲô˿վѰȴ޺ռǽñ˵ļһۺҲ    λԲ¼̧֮ͷӣЦڳƹϷ˵ϣСֵᣬλòʵ׵ĽޣһͬѰŮ

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Բ˵ţԱߵĺӵʯǵ½ҿµӼްɣڲ֮£ǽһ˵¼һ±ǣ

ǡʯӦһ㳯ӵͷż˳ȥˡ

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Ӽʯ֮ԲϵЦˡ

ʱ飬Եʮأź룬ڵⲽͣص૵ǿʵɣͨһڣͯȻϷ򿴲ϸǶ֮ˣֻѩ򵽵ʲôˣ

ԲûЩġߵ󣬽ƶ˸λȻ״һۡ漴һ죬ӺһذȥֳһܵĽݡԲܵһ죬һлָԭ

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ʯӽ£ʲôҪ

ʯ˼ҪסСҪҽһЩõģ뵽ȼƷóһЩ·Ѱ²ɼҩĸʯ

ʯӹҩĺ󣬿˿СͷµЩҩԵֳһķˡλסòҪҪ½һǣ˵ţȥˡ

½ˮһ˰󣬾Ϳʼɯ¾ȥ

½ϵŮǶܻÿʵŮӡôͷһؼôסǼСԳС֮Եúܺ濪ģһЩóԵĺСݺСԳ档һ򣬾ʹһƬѰ½ö˵ҲͦϲţɰСġ

֮쳹׵ĺСԵñȽϰֻХĺ硣ֻƮѩ

СĶһƬѩ֣ƽϵǶᵽԻȡʳԴ䣬һƬžż޺֮ɽв죬ǵϵ龰

Ȼû֪Ƭѩֵĵ֮¡ȴж졣ʯҺͨʹһС

ʱڵµһĶ֮СȼʱĹţвõľһµҷ飬ӡߺͼλˣеǰȴһλ뻨ףüе°ͣ΢΢Щ͵ߣŹԵЩء

ԳϡЩϣϷδ⣬ڼϺͺ󱲶ۼϸ˵˵ɣ

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һλ˵ԲЩϣû˵⣿

һλ³ȴǸгĻˣ˵ǻԣҲ޴ȥ飬ϷѧһЩ֮ǰҲ۲ЩˡզŮУզǰãȷʵ־ԣ˿ߡǶϷһ¡

ʲô£˲һͬʡ

³ϺȻЦǰʱһΡһȾʱ˵һر꣬۲ⶣһӡ֮ҲóˡǺǣ

⻰󣬷׷뵽ʲôԳϵϣ˼˵զˣﵱǸꣿ

λ˻ǲ⣬ȻʦǸꡣѩʲôʦסҼСҪҪһȥʣ

Գ󡣶ʱ۾һ˵³ϵ˼·ȥƲ⡣Ϸ˴Сһ˵ġλϿǵãʮǰڳƹʱչһļӡҸǼʱԳơ

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ЩλһֱĬĳüʱͻȻʹ˷׷ת

λüߵԳϷĺ͸ЩҲᵽһ£ظλǵãǾѰʧǧģеǼǬ컯

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ʮǰѪһ飬Ҳ֪һЩԾõܡϷһֱδ߸λһЩ¡Ҳǹ˳סУ˴¡Ҳʱ߸ˡ

⻰Щ˵СһһֱĬĳͻȻɫԵЩҲûм׷ʡֻǾץסӵķֵ֡ȴ΢΢ڲ

һĻ˿ҲᵽλŹѪĳϴʱ顣

ü߿ˣһο񣬵գȥô꣬㻹ǷŲСϣ˵һЩºܿסľĪҪһЩ˵

ʦ̻壡ƽϢľƽ

üߵͷŵϱⶫһЩ壬вٱ壬ֱ񼸺ʵܾǰؼɽǴӪ¼ĪĹ

𱳺ܡʱ䡣ֻ֪ЩڵʱˣֻһлǾǵʱ֮еǶ⣬ͨİݡ

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ԳЩЩݵһһֱǸգʮ꣬ᵽڷѵ֮¡᲻е¼󡣸ĸйأ

üߵǰеôꡣĸֻ֪类ŵЩűŵҪԭʵ֪һЩصܡػܣʲôŶԹ

ʱһɽҶŵӲԶѩѰѰʱ̸ֻһ²ȥⱳһڸʲô

Ǽ£Ҳǣ浽Ĵŵ֮Уɸƶû䣬ʵУγŹӲš赶ɱ˵Ӱӣ

Щʱе˶üͷ˼

գճϴ˳ľ档ô˵е¼Щ¼󡣶ŵӰӡǿʢһʱڣ

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һԵ춯˯е˶

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ʱűƿ¶һС͵ĿɰСŮһˮ˽ɯ㣬Ұױɣ

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ɯϴһϡСӻóһر߹ͷ

ǵָƵľӨʵµ㷢ǵС۾˸һĹʣɯ㣬Ư

ƶСѾͷɯһ䣬ذȴЦ⡣

Сɯͷʱʣ㣬ǽҪ𣿡

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ҪȥһطС˫˫ȥҰѰСɯͷڶС˵˾䡣

СͷߵСϷŵһ򿪺󣬾ͼиСӣֻǷС滹һӡ

С⣬˿㣬ʲôõѽ

Ҳ֪ɯͷúСｫӷ¾˹Ѻӷŵǰ

ʱӴ˽½˫˫һۣ㣬ٸλˮȥһ緹Ҹ˹

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Сţ¶һɰЦ֮󣬾ͳš

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С֮һһʵͿҲûеơ

ɯú󡣲ŵС˼ܵ˶ֻѭ˵˼飬©ٳˣ

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ûж⣬ҲüƽЩղҳȥιʱһЩ˽СĻѣ緹ʱؾͻǺǣ

ͬ飬ҲѰµķ﷢Сˮ֮ҪЩͬ顣

ȴЦеطСС˫˫ȥʲôղǲȥɯ㷿ʹˣ

Сһȣѽ㣬ô֪ģ

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벻֪Ҫȥѽʱž˸ü۸Ц˵

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Ƚϴһ㣬ʱ½ŶЩѾͷߣĵ˫˫Ѿͷǣ˼ʲôͻشʲô

ֹһ䣬Ļ½˶䡣

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СЩһȡ㣬Ҫүүʲôѽ    ϴСıóѵЦݡǵɯ￴ǽ顣ôҪǸƣүүһأǺǣ

ССϴԻ󣬵ǽ㣬үүûѩɽϣ˼ҲҽĹأ

ЩЦеأҲͲˡ

˫˫Ѿͷ˼ҷʲô˷

ʱڴ½Сһɽţ漴СһźҪޣѽ

½ͷ󺹣ֻŮͷҲûش𣬾ʹҴ뿪˼š

ѰʰãССͷСſһЦ㣬ֺƭ˼ҵС

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ԽԽƻˣһǸǸؼһѧģѰһ䡣

ʱСվͻȻ˵һ䣺˵

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СݣѰ³ŵʱҲɯţ˴֮ͶһЦ֮󣬱ݳԷ

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ӿƴæӣɵһۣĽ΢̡

־ź󣬹ȻͿżɽȭλԶΪĹ͡ŽոλҪ뿪ֻǱ̫ϳλ̸̸֪ɷ񵢸鼸λЩʱ䣬ͻ£

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룡־һ⻰º͵ЦŨһ˱š

־Ӽ˲ûдеܵߣǴż˴Ӷߣֱӽ֣ȥ

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³˼ĿⲻһֱСϱ죬ֻС¶аó³Ͼ㱣˿κεĶߡ

ֻզٶȽֱ׵ؾ˵³һֱ˼С￴˼Ҳ˼ģ

ʧˡ³ʹһˣ⻰Ҳһ죬ЦһΡ

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˴֮󣬾ͼѾһλüŸȣһλӣ۾ǵɫĳϡԼλȺˡ

ƣ׽ŪĿǵޣȻܿĺõطѽ

⻰λϵϸΣԭ£类˼֪



λüߴѰۺһ⣬漴ֿ˿СݣЩݣʹľʱҲ̲סѿڵ͸Ƿ飡

⻰ȴֵˡλüһۣͷô͸Ƿģ    ü߶Ļ⡣ʶղʧ̬ˣʱŲƵϣһ˿º͵Цݣǧ˻֮˻Ǭ֮Ҳ˻֮ȵȣЩȻֻһЩ֮ΪСʱЩС֮ȴĳַչݱɣǺǡ

Ŷ벻ͷȻǬֲ֮ãһȻ

ʱü߲ҽܵϷƮҶϷͽաλϵĳϡǼ

ЩһۣͷȴЦ

ݺݵһۺ̹ԵͷȻѾ֪ǵ⣬ôǴҾͿżɽʹһɣǶʥûʣϣʥڵ֮ᵽĴǰеǼǬ컯⣬ǻ֪˵䣿

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ƮҶ⣬ûĻشȻЦǺǵģȴתӵˣʾʥ

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ӲȷؿƮҶǰ˼ǣλֿѣ᣿Ϊʲô䣿

Ǹʱϱӵǿʵر츳ֻѵһֳŵܶ϶ԣŵҪʥڶԣŵȴ档

ڰǰϱʱģкҴȴһֱûѰ˴ԭѪʥԵ桱

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ʱƮҶߵƺԵЩȴͻȻ˵ˣҪؿ˵ֻѰһ󱲵䣬ʹʧȥ˼ֵС

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ƮҶһ䣬ճֻ˻أУȴǺں˵ǸͲ²⵽һܣͿ˳µزС    ڳǵļžȴ֮Уʱ̧ͷȻˣҪʥбŵּǰţϡ

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ȻĬƮҶȴͻȻ˵ϣҲûпܣֻ֪ʷƾãʵǿ󣬿֪Ԥ¸꣬ſƣʵǿиɡϷ˵ڴˣ

ӦˣЩմϲͨ졣

ʱƮҶȴһתӵˣϵĺʮصģҪ£Ҫиش۵׼

ƮҶЩ롣ȴǲмƲƲ죬ֲʥڻûһŰˣЩͷǹ⣬ǵģûǣСҲһҷ𣡡

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ʱֳ䵱ߵɫ˵⻰󣬺޺޵ۡ

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ʱ½æܽ˴֮УЩϢ˵λϣϷǰϢŵѩɽıַⲻƣΣʥޡ˪롣ˣ»Ϊ˱ŵķԾõС

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⻰ĳЩӵζ˵˼Ҷ۸Ϻüˣϼһ֪ȥȻֻǽǨƵСϣҶǶ

÷עԴǡ˵Щˣźֹ

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ӵȻǻѩɽӦԣ˽֮ϵľ鰲šǰΣ

԰ɣƮҶʱ˵־½⼸СϰɣǺɽ

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ȻɽʱɯСݣƮҶǰɽ

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һϵ⴦ַܼһЩƬưܾ

עģںɽļҴо˻˶Ĥ

һɽʱͼɽһƽ̨ƽ̨ĺ棬һɶߵľ޴ɽѱѩǣɺļƺܾöû˽ɽˣӲ룬ӦϬˡ

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ЩķΣȻϵã֮ˡ

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Ѹٹ۲£Ŵ˴ߣߣǵʵԼҪתܿʦڵĸ֡

Χļ˺꣬ǵʵҲͷ嶥ȣϵʵȻʥиʥؤҪԱʥڵҪǿһЩϾؤæӦֻǿ˪룬ֲ֧Ԯˡ

˶֮ӿѰһۣȥӦֻ룬ǣסŵһ棡

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׹ɢȥ󣬲ӴһƬűʧȥ֪

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ŵûκм֮ͱӴӺֱһ նͷ­һλ˿֮Ŀѵرһ˫Ŀͨ졣    ֻ֮ʱԾλ˿ɲŹᣬЦһ˫󣬴ǿޱȵϮ磬λ˵Ĳ౳

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ӳӦǰ;ͨ콣ʽ֮ʣ趯һ£ֱ˵ؿڣ۰ԼСȴֱһĽۺյһֱ˵ʺ

ڼüεǰλ϶ദ˺֮£û˿м֮һʺʱֻһľǵӰ֮ǣɡ

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ڱĽһɲǼ䣬пĥڱ벻֮Уȥ

ӽЩǰЩ۵ף۾ֻɱɱ飬Įûκεͬɱֵһ棡

ǸСӣ˭ֻԳôϷһ㣡

һλųϼԼµӱһСһɱʱЩǰȻһ֮ʹеһһ𱻵ȼ

ޱߵĿŭλųϴűŭһȭĹƣ˳³֮󣬱۵糸

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Ӹܵһǿ־ֻЦһ־ԣûκεĲʣеһſսĻ棬ԽȼԽҡ

ǿǰѪ˿ڷڣ

Ϯ־бȼĿһսĻ棬ǰ˰־ųϵϮ³ޱߵĿ񳱣ݺݵԷȥ

һ־־֮ǿǿԿҲʦϸ֮ùԾ֮һĶԾʽҲֶܹԾ֮УҵܽƣӶһЩ裬Լ־ʵս֮׳    ΪֳһߵΪǳǱ֮ڴﵽ˾ʱҪһڡ

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֪ĸ֮չֳ־ﵽ˺־硣

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˵λųͷŵ־Ǳڶйĺˮôӵɱ׼֮Կ־֮еľκˡ

λųϵ־ھɾ˰־֮ʱһֱڱɣֱɴ󺣿񳱰־ϣ˶Է־γ˷

λϷԼ־һɸǿ־ɣҶԷǿ־γɷʹܴ֮ʱɫʱ԰

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ҲֻԺ֮лζǿ־֮λųܴȫѪѪڣʹ̲סһѪһȻǰˣĲ˼顣

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ΪȻСӵǿ־սľȫȫһָ󣬸ɵһδɵСӰˡ

  

оλųΪԷ̫ᣬ鲻ӾаӦ֮ʣ뷨һͻǺ־жϡ

ɼǺ־·ܱ˼άͷڱһ־Ӱ

ʶԼˣǴشˡ

ǰⶣƻСӵ󺣿񳱰־ɱС˼άܵӰ֮ʱȴöԷ˻ûи߶ȼн䱸ĿӣӶʹԷһóѣʱʶʱȴѾˡ

ǹ־־֮ʱ˶Է¶һ˿Ϸ£Ƿ·ǱİĳЦһֶļ̡

ڶԷ׵ĹϮ֮ʱǽ͵ѾԼǱ˼άƣȻ϶Էǿһıɱһ

飡

ų뵽˷ʼһģոоƺǱһɽѹ֮Ǽ࣬ǹɿǰͷ·ֽһ㣬ôĲһ˲䱻飬壬ߵķݣͬһƮԶ֪յ㣬

ۿλųϱųʮӡǿֱӻкƮɶ壬ֻ֮һĮļ

ǿԸҪĴۣ

ӴκһƥеĶ֡ţЩǰԸĵˡȴˡĺܲң

ʱڳΧеˣѸһųʮӡǿ𾪣

ȻӵʥΪؤۼ֤ڶʱ˱̬ٶȵĳɳǹž޲ľ˾ȣøСޣ

ʣµλųϣͬǵУɾǱһǺشݺݵҹǲһֱƽ

йһλųƺõӡɻǹǿҵƽϢ֮Ҳָ侲ÿ֮ʱһֱڳ˼    һݴ磬˺߽֮λųƺʲô֮ʱһ絶ϬҧɥӰСӣõķʽŵطţ

ǣӶ飬ϼһȷ²Ⲣᣬÿ֮ʣѸͶ˶ûԤϲһն˳һӵͷ­

Сӣҡ

ǣųŭֹУӵ｣ѳʡһλŵӻûлعĹ򣬱һ⡣Ĳ

ʵʱΪģֻһŻµѪͷ­

Ǳڵĵ˻ûг׽֮ǰ˵ôϻֻȡǸ˿ɳ֮

ɽϣŵһӣ˱ʥڵӻɱһ⣬նɱ

Ŀǰʣµģֻλڿ֧ŵųϣԼһѰºؤȫѹסѾЩˣʧȥ뱩Ĵ֩롣

λųűһ֧ŵĵӱնͷ­еǷŭѾﵽٽ㡣

һλ෢Ȼƶر׷ʣСӣϷһ顣㵽ǲŵС֮¡ҪҪһšűƲ

ͷȹһԼİΣ˵Щϻɣܷȫˡδ֪֮֮ˣ֮

ԭǸҪŵǸСӣ

նѵһλ⻰Цһڴ˺Ȼ²⵽ӵǰЩʭӽӵƹ֮£

ϵСһӽţ벻û˵òȥ㣬Իܦǣ䶯ˣ

ӾͱĺڱݡЦһȺȨ֮æȨӦ˿˰ɣʥڵľͲֹ顱еĸȥʥȥؾءӵŷ磬Ӧûаɣ˵ǿΪƾǼܶԸûʥɣǼֱЦ

Сӣˣ

෢ϴʱеĿŭڱʵϣǱһеء˵ǵʹ߳ŭ

Уȷʵ˿ɣʥһ״ȥһλȥ˱δ飬ֻһλǲģ

ʣµһλؾΪΪʮأǸҾšλ֪һƬ״еЩΪñˣԼŻˡ

ŵ״ΪȨӾɣ֮оγ˱ƮҶ˵еǿиɵ״

ڴˣλΪ˲ʹʥڻɵ˶ʵʩֶΡϼ֮¡ػ˪룬Ǽ뻽ѲŭϬеĻޣʥһңʹʥϾĹ˼ǣӶ˿ƶȨĲ֮ٺ޹ǵԸûš

ȻŲΪ֪״ȴһСһƣʹλųܲŭʧ˲ءǻΪԼʧ򵥡ܸģ

ŭ֮µĳ෢ϣҪѰһͻƿͻΧ뱻ѰѹƣԷϵƣǿСӿϷһı飬һֱҪ걩ðɣ㲻ɱСӡҲҪͻΧȥзټٻزֵСпʥڶγɵĶŵľ޴в

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෢ƺĬĶ֪֮ԼҪʲôͻȻ¶һֹЦݣֽһơƱ֮ʣ漴ӻȡһһĶ󡣱ҡǸһһ졣

ͣ    ֮ʡͷЩ˪ƺܵĳĴ̼ͻȻվһͭ˫֮һĨĺ⣬趯ŰֻצʱͻȻľһֻèޱȵѸݡ

Ѱ±һɱӰ졣޷ǰ󣬴ѾԶ

֮ʣʱһضɽҡ˼ɽһ¡쿪ʼ

ӿһĻͻȻ뵽ʲôɫһ檡ϼһֱƻ񶾼ˣǾȻͨѩ

СģսپҪѩˣӴһ֮󣬱תһߵѸٽˣˣԳϣٴҵطѩ죡

Ӵ֮ʣʱɽϵĺ¡֮ԽԽңضɽҡͼɽٲѩ缱һӣ͡

ؤԸʱ󶯾ϬеĻޣȴδϵųϾȻ˽ƻôľ޴صһѩ

ǣⳡѩͬпܻᾪϬг˯ֻޡ

뵽ˣؤɫһ䡣ҲɷŭĴþ棬ȴݱӣѩ֮ǰҲûзŹߡһżǿƣλ¶֪Σ½ Ȱ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķ

  

չϱ񲳤Ͼס֪ؤϵʱͻȻЦһԳ෢ϵ֣ߣϷΪ󣡡

˵ţλͻȻһƴԼеΪûеֵؤĹҲûз񲳤ϡǴǾһƣȻµľ޴ƽ̨¡



ǿ֮£ɽе⴦ƽ̨ҵĻζʼѽ״֮ͬʱģؤǾһλ˲ȻһѪ

෢ϵõϵڻȻпŭʹʱ˪Ӱǰһ˴ı

СӣҲŹģ

෢һۣһݻ֮ҡ󡣴һʮԶܿ£ǰֻצס¿бڡ³˿ܿµ϶֮Զȥ

ʧ㣬û뵽뻹죬û뵽ͷ˽ƻ

Ӽһλ෢ϣдڣۼѩ٣⴦ƽ̨Ҳ̮ĺۼҲ˲ô࣬ѰкһһݣɽһƧµߵȥ

ȻǿⳡĴѩ Ҳֻʱܡ

λʥڳҲԥеѸٳɽǽ顣ƧĽµλüȥ

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ԾǹƧĽ֮ʣʱɽһҵҡΡ˾ͼǴ֮ѩХ¡    һλʥڵһģۼҪɺû֮ʡӴЩţԺ󣬱Ѹһ

ӽ˻һסڿƮ֮ʡѩĽϮʹܺɡ

ܿ죬ѩκ赲ľʯɣγһɿ񱩵ĺ˵Ƥӵ±Ϯµķ϶к£һư磬ӿȣ

ԼĹѩֹ֮ͣǰ֮Ѿʯľıѩ˺ʵһ㣬˱ڵ£֪

һ뵽ƻųϵıóѶһоһƣԼڼʤƽһʱЩˡ

ؤƺӵ˼ֻЦļӣ˵˼㲻ʱʱץסģ˭ϵų˽ƻ˼˵ķʽѩһ˵ΪһߵĻأǰԤѩѴˣѾĺܲˣ𣡡

Ȼʱɽƺڻζڽ֮ϣЩ

ؤʲôɫһ䣺ãֻϬ޻ǱˣĶѨѩˣŭҪƱ

ֻؤ䣬ʱɽһҵĻζھ޴Ĳ֮Уͼѩûѩ֮УͻȻһѩ𣬽Ļѩƺһγѩһ㣬ǱںƶӶѸٵ϶»ȥ

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ʱһصĳʽµһף˵ĶĤǺľ޷ŭ֮ʱĺС

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һͷһֻͨ޴СˣȻֻϬ˶ѨƶĻѩɽ϶֮զĻ壬ӲһԾ

ȷеĻ˵һֻаСɽľ壬ͬͨϬţֻϬһŵıȼӲı۸տõڸգһžʯˮڶʱЩۻ䶯Ħ֮ʣһЩ죬ʮ̶ִ



ֻԶžϬ˶Ѩ֮һηһľ޺ɽһξҵĻζضɽҡǾ޴ƶÿһʱɽͷ·Ҫһ㣬ľʯ䡣

Ҹ°͵ǣֻ޵ƺжסĶѨǾ޴ͷ­ͽǣؽһСɽŴƬƽ̨ͻѩƿԶһ޴ѹ·һ㣬ƽһ޴ƽ̨

ӵɽǿĹŻޣӻƽһμһֻ޷ŵ֮Уһǳļ֮£㱻ΪƽأһĴӡ

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䣡    ǽº󣬴ʱϬ޴𺶵ϬĽǣǽ´̴Ϊƽء

ʯ׷Уؤƶ֮תǾϬȥֳֻ׷ȻٶȲ죬ÿƶһξ롣֮ǱޱϬĽǻԵıƽ

ǰ취ֻޱ취סУ˻ںܴĵ⣬һܵ棬밡

ؤȴ̾ϧûܹפֻ޵ĻŵĽƻϣοǸһ鷳

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ô˿Щ˼ѰΣͷ˵а취Ըֻޡ

Ȼа취ͨӦҲа취ѽɻ

Ѱµ˵Ѿȡ޵Ļϵˡ

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Ѱ»֮ʱ˼һصĹԶźĴĺصľ죬Ƭɽص

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ʱֻϬֻ֮ͻȻͣһĹâһǱعͷǹĵطȥһĴ

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ԽأʱӸоĤҪһ㣬죬ͬʱѪҲʼ

ܼĹ֮УֻϬ޵ĺһ꣬ǹĳɶӰ죬ʹֻ֮ǰֿڱƽϢ漴פԭءſ·ڵȴʲôĵһ㣬Եúѱ

ʱһٻӰǰɽѸʻͼʱƮҶѸٵشǰɽķʱлһرġˮСģСĲ˹һйɵҡǹÿн춯һΣֲشô˵ļ䣬ӿ졣

ͬڣǹ˵ĸоԽܼԽԽ죬ֻϬ޶ԣܹסһЬ֮һ㡣Ϭڿ֮󡣲зֻǳͺͷԵʮֵѱ

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ƮҶʱڲʱʾʲôƮҶʾҡСģȴ任һ֣ԵʮֻÿһΡ

һȻѧӿ󣬻Ϊ˰Ѻ

Ѿסֻޣǹƽֻͽ󡣱㳯ԼϢĶѨȥ

ֱǾϬ˶Ѩ֮󲻼ӰҡһСģŻͣͼĨ˰Ѷͷĺ飬˿øˡȻͬ죬ľǿһ˼Ԧ˵ģвأͻܵɣ

ʵֻϬ޻᲻ͻȻŭܳ

ƮҶ˹͵ ղϷʾõһֳ֮ʹֻ״ֻ̬Ҫʮһ㲻ģ

ǰôֻһġ黹ƮҶʡ

ƮҶǰֻ޶ֵɽӿģֻҪԶʱֻҪ׼㹻ʳŵڣʳһЩܵ˯ҩģԱ֮󣬾ͻٴԶߣԶల£α˷žѣ޿Դ󷢣ܹפĻαŽһ鷳֮У

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Ļȴӡ

ӵλųˣ´ټĵӻԸǣſ飬ȷˣûټ֮ǰţɱ治ףǰΣ

ͬ⣬ҲʱǰɶļһһͷԽѹڶԹճƺǸսӣӵ顣

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ؤҲǸˬ֮ˣ̫ϳ׿ϣ¾ϣʥ

ڣ˷׷Ӧȡ

ؤ˴һսС¹رҲǸöԱʮ³Թ˶ϵʱˣϣ³ϡκϡ

ڣ

λµ֮иͬԳ̫ϳأ½зˣڶȥ׼׼ʱ



һӦ˵⻰֮󣬾ԵЩܣЩһֱѹǲòһֱ̣лһս˶ϣ۳ɰܣֻҪһǿһҲԹ޻ڣ

Ȼ׼ɢȥ֮ʣȴͻȻڵǰ˴֮УʥҲʦڣȥӣһƲߣҪʥʵʩС

ճϲȻ飬ڶ࣬˶ڣֻȥˣԳ£

ؤкμƲߣ˵˵

ӵ֮ǰСѾţż㷢ټٻɵӻɽҲһ׵飬ҸȼҪսԪˣٰ޷ָˡüλϾۼϸһ˵

Ʋ֮ճͨ죬ɿ޵ СӣúݶļıϷϲҪɱɱʹ죬ͬƲߣ

ƮҶЩȴüͷƲߣǲЩںݶˣͣ    ؤҲЩڶݣ˵ʲô

ͷԥֳ˰֪ЩͷԥȻҲˣȻνʥڱҪΪ²ƣͲӦЩ֮ʣùϵʱ򣬱Ҫҵļλɽ棬Щ˲ŽУ һɱϣʥڵĴУʹĴ»Ȩ

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ӼС˵ֱǰ£ĻͬʥںܾǰžʧֱaӲдʰţ֮ʼͻЩս֮࣬ʥԼŲΪ»ȨΪʲôھͲʰʧȥţټЩ֮ϣǲΪ²

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ؤ˼Ƭ֮˾ϸʥڵû侭ȷʵԣڱ²ϵ£ϷǰܽЩϣϸջԼˡһֱûдȥѰԭ

ƮҶҶҲ̾ǰϷҲδҹԭӵĻǵͷȣϷ͸飬Ҳգӽе飬λϰɣܿ͸ҲζľϷҲʱչزһֱϷԥǻ֮ˣ

˵ţƮҶı뿪ˣʱͱӰȴͻȻֱͦˡ

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ѩɽķ嶥֮ϣһ̨վǺǿաϵľôĽ·һֱժ

Ƭǿգвһԡ

ܹ˵飬һгߵĵ׼һͷϲõǿգ

ʱһӰͻȻӵҲûͷֻǲʲô˵

֪еΪ׼͵׼򡣾ʲôܶʱҲʲôֻӰ죬µ׼ƺԽԽˡҲ֪⵽Ǻãǻ

תͷѰ¡ʵÿ˵Сһ׼ֻ׼ĵߵǳͬˡͷϵǿգǿܽӽʵңԶΪܽô̫ܽңԶôԶ߽ġ

Ҷˣ

Ѱµͷ˼죬ֻͻȻһЦĵһĵˡ

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ʱһӰ˹̨ȴЦϷ´ǹȤʳٳû벻Сôˡ

תͷؤһ˹ͤǾ˹ȥ£ùƺһڣףƵζϤܾöûкȹˣ

СӵĳľôؤЦţƺһڣζΣ

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ǰľͬоȻͬʳϷһλζʱ˵ĸоͬһǿһǳ

ؤ֮⡣

ؤ˿ھƣ˵С㷽ŶСԡѰʱԽԽԶ˳ȻҲĳһ죬ߣ

ҲˣͻȻһЦǿǽ׵ݣ

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ɽѩ֮ư磬ףվһֹ 壬һѵصֱ

ڰ֮Уɽеǹ˸ǵƻ˼Ƚꡣ

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ӵŽǧʷţĻԻͣĪڽ֮һˣķ𶯣Լ񸲸ǶķȨƣԼľη

׿ʵϣʢ˥̩ķչݱɣһʷıȻŵǿʢʱȥʢһʱʥڣӭһ֮Ϣ֮Уܻµ    ʥµȡĻʯǿʢ㣬Ѿʼ˥ܵţ

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Ŵ֮Уʥһսĳ෢ϣʱڵǰڷѪڷڣ޾ķŭĵף·ԭĴ𣬿ʼӡ

ĲңнʮϯλȴտҲһĶӣֻ¶һһĻһɱ

ȻзģսٵΣ֮󣬸䵭ĻӦһ伫ΪмĳԼǶԿƶµҰ

Ȼδѡ

Ӷ֣Ŀõ˳̶ȵĸѾصǸؽϯˡ

ˣǳ෢ǰУվһλߣȴסߣǽĹƤԳԵޱȵĿǰŵθҲŵϯϡ

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ãߵ³һ仰죬ʮǰչغǲһ£ǼǾʹˣһֱڴѾ޷ͷˣŵǰ·ԼϵģѰҵģֻ·㻹𣿡

һ仰ó෢סвųıŭһ仰׵ĳ嵭ȥ

ǼҲҲ飬죬ŵʹˣ˿飬ѵǲӦٻصӷô

ô۹ԶһĸᣬΪټܹһҹ䴫ôԶˮⲻ˽ʣסһؿģֻʣҶΪƾʥλѶϵƮҶ̰ĳϣľôǹеͷޣǰǾͱ׵ˣȡģֻʱ䣡

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ʲô෢һ׵ϣͣૣôţѵҪô

ʱͻȻһЦҲصģ֮ǰҾһ⵽ƹʥŮʵʩжôǸٲ

ʲôܣ෢Ͽߵسϣ㾿ε֪֮ܵģ

㲻ضʣʱзЦ˵



ڶ̸֮ʣʱžĴͻȻ䴫һҵĺ֮ҡ

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һһ̾һѸȥߵŻľ޵޽֮£ǵЩԹջֻǸЦ죬ȥųػ˪Ӧаɣ

˵ţѸȥʮִæת۾ʧ˺ɽ֮䡣

෢ϿξȻûǰָӵӦУȴɽɫŭԸ㲻ܣ챾ȻһҲҪŻС

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أ

һ찺Х͵ľһԷźâľǳķλöǾޱȷľ޽ǣҪ٣ֱӾͺݺݵײȥ

Ƚ

ͼһɽѣʯ̮ܵŵӣ̮ľʯ񣬻Ҹϡá

Ϭ̮ʯƿȻǰ̤ƽЩԹջԼأֻ޵޽֮£һ·Ա̤촷ֻۣŭľޣһǿӲޱȰԵ֮ƣ̾һͨŴѪ

ֻǼĹŵϵ٣һµǿߣһǿǿнҿǲص߲ԭı棬ȴһһĸ塣

Ŵ̹¶ֻŻľһ·̾ͶѪǰֻ֮һǿߵ̬ڴǰûǰֻǷһİ𣬷·ڳЦЩֻܶڴ֮ɪɪСϡ

νᣬЩһŵӣŽɽţǱı޵ţһ˳ĳɳûоۣûѡ

һ̣Ǽ֤ʷһĻ˿ֲĻ棡ա鰼

 һ ̤

ֻŻľޣڽ߸һȺϵûʸɽ ݵǵ֪⣬мΪһֻҰͻܵķ

һеĵ뽾ݺݵ̤һĲ

Ŀ־ˣ޶־ҪѰҰȫıܷ䣬һ·˵ƽޱϣǾηŴ֮Уǿſ־ģȴȻ޷õƽΪֻ޵ǰȻ

ֱһλ෢ϣԼһֻ޴ֻ֩޵ǰʱסǾ֮۵ŵӲŷ˷ܵĻź

ⲻһ͵Ϸݣ

۵ŵӵЦźȻֹΪһμ֤һǸоһĻ档

ƽֻ˪룬Ǿη־ǿڣǵΪ֮У˱չصѱֻ֩ĳ෢ϣûκܹԸֻ޴֩롣

Ȼ˪ֻһֻޣϬޣϹţ֮֮Ǹ޷ȵġ

ֻŻľ޵ǰֻ֩Եô԰¶ޱȼ͵˿Ϭֱӽ

絶˿䵽Ϭ޵Ϻ󣬱㱻һɾʹҪճϬ޵ϣȴϬ޵ͷųıϢһɱ߶ѣɢһء

˻

ʹõⷨʧЧٴʱĹٶȣһ㳯ϬͬʱſǷľצҪǯסֻһףаԵľ޽ǡ

ȻϬӿֻĴһۣ¶һ˿мǴ뽫Ҫĵ֮ʣһｫǾ޽һ˦¡һתһضɽҡ֮Уصβʹһ㣬㽫ֻ˳ȥ

ҲǰŵǿǾһĻ

ŵĻɽʥ޶Ǵһһβ;ɲӰǻָʲôֵֻ޵޼ɵ

ƺֻһ취Ǿӣ

һ޴Ӱŵеʥ֮ʣ˸Щǵ߱׵Ļֻʳӡ



һ¡죬ׯϺΰʥȻֻ޵ĺаԵ֮Уһײ漴Ǿ޴ƽ̤֮Ϊƽء

෢ʱ׵ĴסˡվԭأֱֱǱ̤ƽŴһġı֪Ŵڱļ̤֮ŵĸǻˣţҲʼ֮·

ֻǣǸȥĹͷءҲӦñжˡñƳ˰ɡ

Ȼ෢ϱط֣ЩŵӵӣŹ㳡֮ϣֻʣ¶һˣģֻĴаԵ̤˺ݽĹŻľޣ

ǳ෢֮ʣʱһӰͻȻ仺Ǿ޲̤ɵĵ·ʱ򣬳෢ǿͨѪεҧǷɥһҶ㹻ݣ

ɽλߣؤҲǱ෢ϳƺҶʱ֣֮ľֻҡҡͷ˵ʵҸµŵԣţҲðʧȥĶˣ

Ϸȭͷ˵ɡ෢֪ؤĶ֣Ҫ壬Ҳûκε壬Ǳ

飡

λǿ֮Ծʽʮֵļ򵥣ϵĳҲʮֵļסֻƣѺõԷһ㣬ڶ˵ȭ֮ʣһɾ޴ԶΪģѸٵӿΧʯɡ    Ȼλȴվǹ㳡еģǵ·𶨸סһ㣬෢ߡϴѪеѪڿʱȴڵ £ϷҲĿˣ󣬳෢ϱصˡ

ؤȴȻƽƣȴҡͷˣɱѳţϷȫ㣬ȴɱϷУϷγҪմȾѪ

ʱճ³Ͽ첽ճϿŴǰĵҰܾ󣬲ɹЦɽǰϷɱʹ졣벻ɽϵһĻϷοƽţҲн죡

³ϵϴһ˿ѪʱؤɽŵӣҲѾɾҪҪеڶ

ؤĻ飬ֻԱ֡ǺӵĽչӦò˳ҪԵģűλԼһؼĻߣҵΣ

ɽɽŵĽڡ

صĲ֮УʱŵƻӰһֱͣػζš

վУ塣һֱͷȴʲ

ǰǴЩڰƹղĺڰ֮һӰ

֮Ӱ䶯¡һɭĵ벻ѪϾһҲͷų˳ˣ㻹ʲôϢҪ߱һ˵ɣ

ʹǰɱ֮£й¶ŸԻ١֮Ҳǳ磬ʹ֪кδ㣬ԸЧȮ֮ͣ

ʱӰȴһֹŹֵ˼СѡȰﱾȥкһ£ǵҲӦñˣеҪ̸̸̸ˣ߰ɣ˵šӰʱһһ㣬ʧ֮Уʮֹ졣

δʱգȴŤò֪Чʮ꣬ȴһ֪ʹջ᲻ʵŵԡ

ϷΪӦòƭңһ˿ϣγҡ    ڹŻľޱɽСûɽкֱײ޼ɵطƻ֮ʣѰ£бСݵɯˣӱȻĺɽء

Ӳ̤֮ʡӦǰһǿ־עһݣ̧ȥͼ֮УһĨӰ

Ӱ߽֮ʱֳŴߵ֮ʱͣɨӣǸĲӣ

ΣӲʡ

Ϸ򣬲֮ǰԶҲټˣ

˵֮ʣûκԤ׵أʱųһɱһǿʥ־ѹ

ǿ־

Ӹܵǹ־ǿϮ֮ʱɫ΢΢һ䣬ųԼ־ֵޱǿ־Ϯ

ֻǾϴһĲ࣬ӵ־ڵʥ־⣬ͣ꣬ۺʥԣֵܵʱǹ־Ϯ֮ıο籩һĹơ

ɿ񱩵ƣһ˺ѰķԣǸ֮γɵһɶ߷ĹԣεĹ֮УбɭƻԣҲдذĺأһɽѹ

ӸоЩ٣ͷŵʥ֮ľ粨ը죬Ǿһɿ񱩵쫷磬ʱҲĲԼݱ׾ԿһҶصĹơ

ȣ˹˾࣬⼸ĩҲռˣӸϿ̫ܲϣҼ£»ᾡÿĽ࣬ƼƱڶºҪϣͶɣ

 һ ʥķ

һشôšȫʦֵ֮羪Ͼ˰ϮʥڽӽʱͷŵǿԼаʥ־

زӣʵҲҿɣ

Цÿһ֮Сƣȴһ

ȴһֱˣ֪ԼεĶ֣Ҳ壬Ҫһ֮ǻսʵֽ׶֮·ǲϰʲô

һ֮ʣӾȫסǲϮľ־ڷӡ

ʮʮһʮʮ壬

ӡٶȵ֮ʡѾﵽһʮľ磬ڱѹĵʱ䣬ȴӴʱȻɹʮ˵ӡ

ʱһؼǻ׷ķкһܹĺġ

οһĻһḬ֮̃ɫŵط

ȻĹƣȴ˿δһֿȵζ棬ʹμǿ˹ƣʼغϷδ̹صطվһСӣ֮еطк֮Сӣ

ڼ֮£һȵĻ֮ʱ羪κˣ缲һӰһϢɵһ޴ޱȵšѹһɷһеľơ

ĵڶʮӡ֮ʣѾٶܹ֮ļˣǰּʮӡĿֲַȻʮӡ̺֮Ҳһ˸Сġ



αѹ֮¡Ӵһڳ֮ͻȻѵľһ춯ص֮󣬴һǰİƣǶʮӡϮĹƿϮȥ

䣡

̶ı죬ڷײʱը֮ɱʱɽʼҵĻζɽʯ䣬Щطʯ̨֮ϡ˹ѡ    ۣ

ǹʥķ֮ʣ屩ɣڻھǱһӺݺôһ٣һѪ

ȻѪ˿ǣȴͻȻ¶һ˾ùŹֵ

ݡ

ʮӡлһɱǿ־֮Ӵ֮ʣɫ΢΢һ䡣Ʊƣ־һѹ֮£徹Ҳɡ

ȻǿƣڴʱȴʮܡǷڵѪͷ·Ҫס͸һ㣬һƶ޷ƽʹ

ȻǴ˵֮еطȷʵǿϧǣʹطǿʵϵĲ࣬κβϷģ

ƽϢڵǹܵʹ֮ҲЦ

ЦɱȴʢӺҲֻǱɣѪѣЦݣһѵԵظĵףȻϳطǿСȴһǿҵļۺݱĿŭɱŨ

ƾʲôССӾѧϵطƾʲôҪ˵һջûеõҪĶʣҪɱǰõʵ޷ܵССӡ

ӷЦΪǿʥϣҵһЩ˲ץһ˿־ʵΣȴʼղǿӡغǿ󣬿ǳһ֮£ҲҪˡ

ڣӡĸţԼҲֻЩˣͻƼ֮ʱһЩ衣ڶԷͷ˲䣬ܵ˶ԡѪ輰йʱɶʽ



һʮصɶʽҲĿǰ֮·ϣǷȱһʮֱľ顣

ǣ򼵶ʶʼĹƣӸ޷ٴصӦԣڶԷһǲϮӵ屩֮£ײһʯ֮ϣǾʯײ÷顣

ӣɯӲΣȥѰȴĸ첲ȥ

ɯᶼѰ°οģƣԤϵķΧ֮ڣ

һͱݵĹһţһڶս֮ܽЩ飬ӵǽ֮ϣӺȻ

ϴһЩʹĨǵѪ˿תһ߹սʱָָ۵ҵĴ㣬æұͷɵô

⻹࣬ߺߣС

⻰֮ϸֳһС⣬һۣѵдźĵ֮ʱָ֣εͷϷʵƷʹҲùˡ

㣬˵ʲôμһСѾͷȻָԼı˵Ļ£漴Цһ˼С

ʿεĻû˵֮ͻȻɫ䣬ʧؾ𣿡

һصǿѹǸ˵󻰵Сܱ߿ʼϮ̺ؼֲһָźԼ֮С˵·ԷһָͷؽԼ

ʵϣһָͷȷʵܹڴһֱһɼǿ־ѹ֮£ľ֮вı΢Сû˿ȥ죬ءʵʩĻԵѹ

ɵѹ֮УоԼǱʬһ㣬ѸٵʧţǣҲһ˿Ҫʶ֮С

飡

ڷݺݵײ˺ɽһɽ֮Ϻ󣬵һصʱȻûκεϢ

״ȴҡ֣һ޺ӣЩСƵصô׾͸ˣúأû

ȣ

ӿһʱ˹ûؿһ۵Ȼ˵ֻǿθ㡣һǿļһҪԸǵСݻصǳɣҵϢһ£ˣ˵ţ㿪ʼ˹ˡ

ȻϷϣİݣô    ʱһһɽصգ֮䡣ͼڼٵλôһģӰ˵ǰ

һλüëǺɫǰɫͷҲǰڰףֻߣȴɣʵĹˡ

ȷʵǸˣ˵СӵģʮԴһɲϿ̬֮˵ͷĿȴķۣлҲ˵һ¹ʷİƷˡ

ʱʮֹͣһֱͣڱɯڻСϣǵɫ֮Уȴһ˵壬ĸζ

ʱСݵ۾ڱ֮ͻȻ֮ʣһĨĹâ

漴ɯ˰֣Ļ徹Ʈա

ǰǸˣһֱɣ£˴ǰҪ֤һ飬ңΪһ߹ѪĹ峤ϣΪλҵ飬ѾеӼ㵽ʲô

 һ а֮Ӱ

Ư˵ʲôһɫ䡣ֱäܦݵ˵ŵӶԹʵʩɱΪ

Դ˲֪飬Ҫ֪㵱ѵԭ򣿡

СݴʱٲȻһˣڵһ֮ʱǹɴﾳ쾳⾳ءΪת·ӳ˿̵ľ仯ǱҪ⣬ȴҲٳδƬաԵЩ

ȴͻȻЦЩ飬ȻѾˣǴˣҲڣѰģôԿȡȥ

㻹ǲ˵ôΪʲôΪʲôӪҵ֮Уֻлաºշ½½ѣȻѣΪʲôûҲУñôǸʯ֮ˡʿСǰеǬ컯֮󣬺Իӡϣȴ֣Ϊʲô

Щȴ¶ٶˣְɣ׷Ļûʲôô

⻰ʲô˼ǲǿΪı˶˵Щʲ棬ʲôв㡣㲻˵ࣿ

⻰ɫ΢䣬仯ȴץסʣǹ֮ǿʢһŻ֮Ǿ֪ЩˣȫǨȥ˰˿ǵⶫˣȴҪܱʹ࣬ѵûһ˿֮ģ

⻰µ֮У¶ĳָſſڣȴû˵

ͻȻ̾һûУΪѡ棬ҾñһбҪٱӹЩűѪĹôǻʸҴеĹطô

仰ɾһǧشһ㣬µУʱͻȻġϵ˲ᱳᱳ飬

ãҪڣ

ڰͬʱܵһɹϢϲ֮ʣǳѲֹʱ»û˵ȫʱͻȻһɺɫϢ漴ǱˮһѸٿʼή漴ֻʣһ߸ݵֻʣƤһ㡣

ݵʱͻȻһλ漴һС֣һɹĹ⻪пʼתΧ֮зһʲôͻȻڴ˿̸Ǹȥ

ͼǸͻȻڳһӰǺӰһβǹ׷֮£Ѹٳȥһɭκ赲ҵߡǱ³ݣңǻټģ    漴ǸԶգҲûϢ

ʱ˹СݣһӰһĶʲôʹ磬Ҳûм

а֮ӰҲаʿﵽ쾳аĲַʵǵ˻֮еĽɹ׷ǵаںϺݱģ벻ǵ֮ǰͱа

תͼ±˸ɡһľʮֵĿֲ΢

ݿв̣׼Ҫʱʱһǰ֣

תͼؤҴ˹ƺµӲ⣬ֱߣеңҵǸӣ˭ѾʵҸ׵ĳŵŸ֮ʣŵ֮ʱڸˣ

¸޷˵ֻǸɿݵͻȻ䶯¡ܳķŵؿں󣬾ֹȥָһָͷ˳

ؤ״⿪µ·ͼؿڣһСС壬ǿȡ󣬾Ϳ

֮ؤͻȻЦȻΪʲô

һ߿ؤоЦһָԵĿɬζԺ֮УͻȻ両ֳһؤûɵĲһΡ

Ѿһ˿ǰ׵ĹԶȴૣɽ֮£ϵ˳ƹ֮ǳ籩᲻˳ƽϢ

⣬ԱĻǰһɺڰš

ƹƾǡ

ֺڰʱ̣ǰ˯εʱ򣬵ھһ֮ҹ㳹׵ıơ

ǵһЩ֮УɱЩʮꡣϽϲ棬ֻ¶һ˫˿УޱȵĮ۾

ǰĶ֣һλżʦ˿Ǹżʦ˫Ѿһɰɫĩǣ׵Ϲˣźڰ֮Уķˡ

ȻƺòֶΣڳλʦʱ۾Ȼе츳ڵ𼸸ͻأĵش̣λʦʧȥƽ⣬漴һĨâէλʦб𲻳ķλ֮ʣһжĺ

λʦѪĲӵس鴤֮ʱӰѸٵʧ˺ڰĽ֮Уʦǵ֮еľ綾ӣԼ˺޾ʹࡣ

ͬһĻھǵĸţֻеĶּǿֻ˶ԷȴҲûл

еꡣԻɱĿĹ֮СѾˣĿûɱȻԼѪȡԷѪֱ˫ѪΪֹսΪҡ

һǱѪɫֵһ

ڻʹ֮Уʵ֮ⲽߵĸ̫಻ʱ㱨һЩµϢ

ⳡɱ¾жȻʵûϵıʾʲôڰȴþеĸǱŵĽڰⳡжƶⳡɱ¾Ľչ    ɱǸҪȥѰһȶõĿֻ꣬ҪЩǸİšֱǱȥɱĿѸ߼ɡ

ȻɱֵĴ˴жʧᣬŵһЩ˵ǵʧȴޱȵĲء

ྸ

ž

һ죬һӱҵ˵ϣˤ˷飬һĹ£壬һµġ

ǲƬ̣»ϵıӣǱڱŭ֮еʨӺݺݵˤ˵ҵķ飬ϣʱȫǱӵƬ

ȻλŭʨӣеĿŭȴʼûзйѾʧȥ侲ͻȻϮȫϣҲȫȫ̼ߡ

ҪȡжĻʵȴѾ׼ȻÿԤ£ʼӥжʵȫҵʵʩпĴһòƹоۻģȫ֮ܲĴۡ

Ҫһԭһһ仰ϲһжӦ˳Ӧ﷢չıȻɡֶ߱λ֮£ҲٲΪϻŻ

ԣΪ˴֣Ϊ˵Ȼʵ۲λг˱ŭԹ޵үֻܱƵ֮УȺͨʧ

ĵȴ֮У⵽ʱλ鱩굽˼үڵŵӴϢ

һˣְλͼ˺ۣЩطδѪҲ˲Щ֮о˵ү֮ϸˣŵӾżʦµʮֲأжʮ˱ɱڱ޳ܵģֶ֮СЩɱ֡ɱ֮ʱֶΣɱ˵ķ伫ʮֵ׺ݶ

 һ 궯֮ҹ

ྸ֮Ժԣ΢΢˿ʡ

λ˵һڡЩɱֱץ֮󣬾ͷԾԱˣʬ嶼ûиһߣҾ֪Щɱ֣ͷһγ֣Ӧĸ֯ġ

˺ݶɱɱֶΣǲκεǵĿŵӣ˵ǵǸ֯Ī򸮵ô

˵үС˻ʵ۱Ϳϵľģ򸮽ӪеĸְΧˮйͨǵ˸ҵɱͿԪ죬ⷽ棬ʧǱȽϲأ¾װļ˽٣

˾ǣûϢ  

˵»ʱûյϢ

ʱһλ˴æ˽ûʲôˣɫ԰ף۾ҲǺģһͺүڱĸطȥеӣ⵽˲ɱֵϮոյϢǱݵеӡȫû˼Ϳϵķ֧ȴûиͿ˭ûϵͿԪ޾Ȼһǰͻʥ

ʲôƽϢྸϢȻһôܣ϶ֻչͻˣ

λүоĲûƽ֮ʣʱ洫һ֮ྸüͷ

ͼһλߺֱײؾʹ˽˫Ѫ죬һѾŤһžֱֱྸټΪû֪ͨϷΪֻѩһ˸ϻأ㵽ʲô

ྸ⣬سϣʲô£

ʲô£ҵΪƴͼıƽɽ֪ŵӸոմӥѶѾһҪŵСʥڵΪƽأɽ٣λȸսƹضҲˣ

˵ţϻĿѪᣬʧЦҲ˵Ź汻һ˵ĿСţֻʣЩ޼ҿɹĹ»ҰһЩ޴飬

⻰һƬţסˣֻһ󼱴ٺ

سȻڿЦţڣΪŵĵ֮һ֪ЩϢϷ֪ʲôʲôѩ֮ܣ

ྸʱҵĲʹڱһϵеĳصϢͻȻԵʮֵƽ˿󣬹ãвŻһޱȳص֣ɱС

ǵһլլ֮Уһֻȫѩ׵ѩһֻɵСèһլӵſڣƺΡעլΧĶ

ʱլӵűƿѩȻ۾һλŮӽֵͷ

λŮӽԺ֮󡣾ͽһӡ

пյģʲûСλŮӴһ֮󣬱صµҡ

֮Уִʣרעһд¼ʲôߣѩϸһЩСֺֽ֮󣬾ͷŵǰֽժ¼

ŮרעڻŮӽҺѩ̧Ƕ۲֮дżڴʵ࣬鱨ӪʲôϢ

ʱӻȡһż򵥵ֽ󣬽ѩ鱨ӪԭⲻĴݹģ

ѩ۲֮дһĨϲֽӹСĴϸϸؿһСεݣŮӣȴá

쵽ѩֶֽͣ˿֮ȴֽֽ٣˵ȻºҪҪתĿ굽ϷôһȹżϻϷвӪڱߵ㾡촦յʽ֮󣬽ĲҵѸٽӸ° ǧ򲻵Ҫ˾ǵ׼ˣ

ѩ㶵صͷȻûлع

㣬ɱӪεжǻҪҪ鱨٣ʵ

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ˡ˵ͷ󣬾Ѹٳ֡

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һķ籩׼Ĵ壿

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ѩ̵ݣ㵱ʱӥʱ˵ǸˣǸ£棬Ǽ٣

ӵʱǸˣǸ£ȷʵǼٵģ棬ˣ£ȴģ

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ԱһֱĬɯ˿ҧŴ˵ʲôȴֹ

ӶĴ𰸣⣬ѩҪһʵ𰸾Ѿȷˣһʽս޹ʤ޹

Ȼⳡսѩ̵־ŵʼ֮ʣӶɯ˵ɯرһ°ɣ

ɯҧŴȦе㷢죬ʮֲϣջַʽճ֪ı䲻ʲôǵͷ˹̨

 һ ⾳Ĳ

̵ƣǧѩǵֹ°־ ƹĿжۣѧɽӱİסһ±ߣ

һָѩ֮ʱ˾첻⾳֮ʱֹ¼ţƮ֮аصַâȴʮֵǾǱѩĺ⡣

ȷʵһֺرҲǿ⾳ѩԼ⾳гɵɫҲʹųһɴʦ֮ķʽôڲͬ

ĿǰûγԼе⾳ĸϣγһֱף֮ϢϡγɺףҲֻһƵĳתΪǾб׶ˣֻ˾׶Ϊһָķţ׵̶ȡ޷תΪе⾳ڵ⾳֮

ϡ

Ҳ⾳֮ʱܽеһЩҪһʵͻƵϰ

ʱѩ̵е⾳ʱֻǹɵ־ֵ⾳֮аϮѩγɵһϵĺĶԿϣӵףԵЩۡ

ΪЩĲ࣬ѩ̵⾳ڵʱ⾳ĶԿϣʵѾ·塣

ѩֻʹ˼򵥵ĺ֣һ⾳ܽϣͺѩ֮УÿһƬѩһֵĻӰһַĴ

һ·ս֮УӽڽڰˣԵñȽǱ

ѩ̲û֣Ҳûɱ֣ÿһιǿʵڿӰ֮ʡȣǿʵҲģ

ĿǰǿĹӡ˻ָֻ˻ָҪ⾳ʹãܷǿټ˻ָڰԵȻҲҪȫʵѩ̶ԾУ˻ָǲԸʹѩ̵ϡ

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ѩ̵ĹƱȽѸ٣ӡʱٶȴŵӡֵطԿѩ̵ĹƣҲЧ

ŵطСӣ    ѩ̵ĹƱ裬ʹõطܶأʱ۾һ˺С֣ʹǿĹƣ콵µıѸͣڼ״̬תƵĹƣܹ˵ĽࡣòӦĽࡣ

ӵĽҪı׶˾ӡʱϣľ磬ײɱʱ򡣽ȫˡ

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ӰһĹƣ屩ˡ

ѩ̵Ȼʮֵܼϣòʹ÷粽ٶ飬ŶѩⲨܼ

Ȼѩּ⾳ٴϮʱӷԼ͸ѩּ֮̽Ľ࣬һѸ糱ǵض֮ʱʶһֱѩ̵ֿĹţôʵ͸޷˳ӳ



˼Կƿ֮ϣûбѩ̸ǿĹƣڶɶϵĸԼĴٶȣ첨ڱҵĽ֮ҵһƽ㡣

СʹΧѩʼ裬͸˶ĤޱȻʣһѾ޴صغ˵



ܵͻ첨֮ĸţѩ̴ʱ΢΢һ˿ͣͣӶʱ۾һˡ

ʱʱѾ˶ʮӡ֮ǹѸٵ̨֮ʱǾ·ĩƬصС

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ѩɫأóʱӡﵽݺӵĵز

첨֮񲨶֮ļͣ͵󣬾ֻ֪ʧ˱лӴ ɾᡣѸֿʼ任࣬ͷų⾳֮ǿĹ  ѩ

ӡѩǿļѩһϮصĿ񳱷׷ڸԵ֮ӿ֮󣬾̨һŻԵڵ

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һ춯ĺ죬ײײֱӽ̨ǰһɽͷ˺٣ʯмɡľ顣

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ʱһ޺ȴһһӰͻϮһǿ⾳˶˵м䡣

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ӴƽϢ࣬ȥѪ󣬿źڶмؤֿһѩ̣вһΣ˵׽Ūɡ

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ס֣㲻ɱԼף

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뵽һ£ѩ̧ͷǲϵףʣԼһֱûи͵Ļᡣ

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漴ѩ̣У¸ܣǰʲôؤʲôȷʵĸףɱԼѰҰĸôᣬ̸һ̸ܹȻǽԴϲʵڲеĻ֮ˣӦûԼĴʽΪһҲ˵ʲôСԾڴˣ

˵գ̾һ¹̨

Ըӣķʽط꣬ȷʵһ˸оεı磡



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ѩڹ̨ѡ̸֪ʲ     

ѩԹ̨֮󣬾ƽɽһŵ뿪ûٻţҲûٻشƹûʥڣһ㣬ʧããѩ֮С

ؤȴǹ̨ϣһҹԾΪ顣

ڶ֮ؤֻظѵıԣҵʱֻ˵һ仰ӡǰ˵Ļܶԣ£ǽѣ

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ս֮һ˵ţѾӹĵˣûм̻ƣѡʥڵĺɽأΪµıչ

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ͬǴʦڣһսŴеϵطѩ̣ٵֻһҰܡ

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⾳طӱ֮֮ĺǺӡ

ҹȺ譲ӡǺһϴ

ǹٲһк󣬾һ˿˷۶ӵϿףڡ

ʱǳں֮еȫޱȣǹޱȾ֮ɵҺ̬ϢǱѨݵǳһֶضصķʽѭš    ÿһϿףһǳô֮ӵ顣ϿףӦÿһŶжӦǾ֮Уÿһ֮г˶ʮ˿⣬û֮һ磬ʹǴγһ壬ѵǲ¸ԼǸԼᵽô

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ʱ򣬵֮ͻȻ䷢һǿҵ֮ǰǺ״̬֮»ظ˹

ظ֮Ӹоһ˺ѰʹʱԼ޺֮ӵ׷ʲô仯

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ǰڵĵһ޶ǳ䵱һתʱ򣬻ǣǳ֮֮Ƚ޵Уѭתγ֮ٴ޵֮УһģԴԴϵṩӿ֮    Ȼڣӵľڷ˾޴ı仯֮־ţڵƺһ̱׵ļһ㣬ǰԲǵޣϢ֮УʼƶԷǵţڷźϲ

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𾪣Ҳ֪Ǻûǻ

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Ҳ˵ԭһֱλͼʱеɱƣ޷ں֮ʱѽǱɶƣһȫµģӴδѭɡ

ʱ˺ѵʹһĴⲻһػ֮ãȫȻûµλԼޱתķʱֻܳЩԭǸ֮漰类չͨ



ǰͽ޽Բ״̬޺Ϻ󲢿ʼһ򱾲ǵչ֮ʱλռݵλҲƺһؿһܴĿռ䣬ƬĿռЩӵĿ֮£Ȼתţɵ֮ҲӵӴ󣬱ǰ

ʹһֱڳţȫðȻڵ־ȫܹʹʱ䳤ˣҲһּġ

˲֪ã

Ӹо޺ϲ֮չ˸Ŀռ䣬ܱ漰ȫز˽ȥϵǹʹڽƽϢ

ֻǣ׼ɿ޸Щ¿سĲλͼ֮漰֮ʱʱַˡ

ϲ֮ޣһȫµģصģδ֪ģƿ̽Ӵ壬Ѿû˵һڶ֡

δ֪״̬£ӳԾط֣ص壬ֻһĵޡ

ǲӿưģƿ赲ǰ·Щ֮󣬿ʼ̵޵̡֪Σ½ ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķ

 һ޺ϲ

һӺļǵãĹУڴγͿڵ״γϵ֮ʱ֮䱻ںϵʱ

զʱɵǹ籩Щ򸮱ٵ

ڶʧصںؼɽʱǴΣһͨԼŬǽʧصͷסˡ

ȻһΣţصڿԭܱ߲׳֮ӵľת䣬ӵ־ĸż֮ͷһʰҲƲסˡ

ԭλͼϵ·ߣҲֻʮ˸ϡʮǸͼеѾϵתʱ֮ǿڵһṩ

ڵǰڱϳΪһ֮һʰͷܿͽ޵ȫΪ¡һɨһֱδٵЩյѨϡ

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зյѨϱ忪֮ӵ𡣵ͷѾʧȥ˿ƵʱӵľҲ΢΢Щˡһֶδ֪ãͿ־壬ͷţ

ӣ˳ֻȻҪָ꣬־㽫߻ħ찴˵ı

ľеǹɸ֮ʼԭʱʱӵ֮УͻȻСȻЩۣ֮аǹһȪ֮е֮

֮Сݸһֶ֮ľЩ֮ʱֶ֮Щͷʶȫ˳ȥʹԼľƽͻһˮСʱҲûδ֪ڵŰ״֪ͷȻѾ޷סˡֻ˳Ȼ

֮ЩѨϱǹŵĳ忪֮󡣻ܵ˺ܴˣЩյѨûоչͱزȣǺܴġ

ʮǿ󡣵ЩѨϱ֮󡣾ѾˣЩܲסγ

ֿƲզͷ޷һʱ޸ЩľѨϣʹڱʮһֱûеõƣһֱţһֺΣյ״

ڳܵʹ࣬κʱҪľңЩľÿһŰʱĲֹˣּҪʹĴ̼Ӻ޲õĨӵĳ嶯

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ʵҲСһδ֪޷գʹľ˲ϲ޷ƣ޷Ԥ֪£ڵôޣͻȻ䷢˺ϲ̵޷͵ҲЩԻ󲻽

Ϊͻ޷Ԥ⵽ݱ֮ȻͻһЩĲɣֲɣȴֻᵼӵľңһһġ

ʵδ֪£ͻı仯Ҳкôġ

ʱϲţһִݿ֮ѸϯڵĵԼܱߵѨϺ󣬶ͷȻδֳӵĵĸڶ

ţޣԭӵǸ綨֮У֮еżڣҲ˵ĲϵͷѨϡڵޡ

ڣʮţռ޺ϳһƬ֮󣬾ȻһŹ

ڽʱҲûиӦ۶ڴʱҪʱһЩҡ

漰ŻдԡʹͷľѨܵ˵Ļ롣

Ҫǻһ֮ö񷨽񣡡

ʱСѰµִ뵽ӵ֮Уţоڴһɹĸо֮дȸУеأֲ֮ܵԪӿ۶֮γһĻá

Ȼڸܵˡ

ڡʱѰ¶˽м䣬ͼӵͷһžŲһɾŲʵĹâŮ档

֮еǸʱҲԶƮ˳ӲӣĵеǰѪǾŲ໥Ӧһɹ뵽ӵڣ޸Щ˵Ѩϡ

޲ر𻵵ľ֮ʱʱǹŵСͷѨϷ˳׼ռһƬʥء

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ǹʱÿڱ忪һѨϵʱӶоԼͷ̺һǺ䴸شһ㣬Դ˲죬ʹȥ

Ѿ˽ҪͷŪüʹҲɰ׳գӸ˿Ĵ⣬ȻסЩɶľм޵ǿաԼ塣ƬǿաЩ֮ײȻĦѤõĻ𻨡γɻⲢӰ쵽ΪƬ޵ǿУһǳ˵ô

˵ַʽԼľȷʵǰδСʵ֪ľ־־ȴִʹڵ֮еȺǴղ˹һҪԭĴޣϲΪһûκֵġ޴ޱȵ֮

˲֪áӵľ֮УͻȻһɱůݴоʱϢԼΪǿգʲЩ֮ײܣȻ̬

ջľ֮Ӿط֡ںеǹ֪ʲôʱѾƽϢˡ

塣Ǳ׵Ĵͷŵɨһ飬ڵȫѨϡѾȫѾûʲô޵Ѿȫγһ塣

˵ӵ壬һ޵ǿһ㡣ڵÿһţѨϣ·𶼶Ӧϵһǳ

ڣһڰ޸ЩȫȽصѨϵͬʱҲںϲ֮±仯

ԭĶ޵еĶʮ˸ϡڱںϳһ֮ЩȻԭλϣֻܱߵĿռ䣬ȴǱްˡӻע⵽ЩϡЩͼ֮ϵЩ¿ٵѨİΧģǾͳƬߡ

Ƭ֮е֮ÿϵʱ򡣾ͻᷢЩ֮ûǰеϡǵĳЩطʱ֮ᷢյĺ

ָо̺硣ȫǷ֧ȴûһԵЩ֧ʹЩ֧γԶ̬Ĵûкϲ֮ǰ״Ȼͬġ

Ǿı׶ˣǳأзشı任ѽš޺ϲΪһˡ׶ȴȻڡPS:ԳˡСҪ죬ʱ޷̶ֵܼ£

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һڵĴӰ־ı仯 ת䡣֮զ޵ĺϲûάҲʹǾ֮дڵǰ

ǾҪӵĸ޾ֹ

⾳֮ʱ֮нĸ޺ϲһ塣ڱϲûʲô֮

Ƕĳ˵ȫ͹޺ϲ֮徭ѨɵĳѰºͨŲϰ޸Щľ磬Ȼľ״̬ʢ״ȴֹۡ

Ѱڰ޸֮ʱҲü

ӴӼ־⾳֮ȫľѨϡ׼֮Ůõĸ޸Щľ֮ʱʶ˲ԡ

ֵת֮Щľ֮еʱȴƽʱ֮ܵһѵЩԭǸͼϱע֮󣬾ͱûû޸ЩãϢʹЩľ磬øӴ

ôӵ˲֮ȥЩľ磬ֻ洫һ޸

һ޸ٶȾֻ࣬ȴ֪ʲôԭɵһֵѵΪûش׶ˣ

ȥԽԽԻ

ʱСݵͻȻ⾳̫Ӵ嫡ľ仯ʱ⾳Ҳ֮츲صı仯޺ϲǺ¡ȴ޷סǹ⾳Ӱ졣ͼӴЩʱⷴ˻ˣ

Ҹô죿    ʱҲû⣬ǾԼһզģʹǲЩ˿׶˻Ҳ޷²ı׶˻ЩֻԼʱ֪

ڷ޷Ӵ⾳Ĵ̼Ӱ졣Щδľ˴Ȼ޷ǹɺǺѹġ

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Ҹô

ֻڲûдﵽ֮ľʵһ⣬ĻԿ⣡

ЩƬǺ֮ϸѰշԭ޺֮еǸ֮顣֪ʲôʱȻܵͷһ֮С

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ƺҲһţԼٴνǺ־֮к󣬲ŷͨ⾳֧ǿļһ⾳֮гңһֲ֧Ӱ졣

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֪нİ취Ҳʮܡ֮нСݸ֮ķȫμ֮󣬱ԼŶ⾳֮УԼǺǺ־ʹǿʼԼڵ¸ߡ

ǵӵ¸޺֮ʱӱоһɾŲʵĹâԼĶ͸˽Ӿͽס֮Уλ

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֮󡣴ʱСݵķԼ⾳ĺ֮кȻٽ־ȥǽ뵽ĺġ

뿪⾳Ҿйǿ־ʼҪ֮ʱʱһͻȻӵ֮Сѹס⾳

֪ǰݿʼжˣǿ̣ķԼʶһֶݵĳ״̬ǹ⾳뿪ɰʩ

ӵʶ״̬֮ȥһʲô֪ˣ

Ҳ֪˶ã

ӸоǱʶ֮«ٻӱǳ״̬˹

ʶ֮һʱͷЩʲôʱЩƣ벻ǾǿӡסȻ˴񡣲ڽˡſ޸磬ûַã

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޸ĹУһᵽ־Υ˵ļµĿУȫÿһëƺ

޸ȫ󲿷ľϣѵʱܳ

ֹ֪˶á嵱һľ类޸õ˼ǿ׳֮ˣ֮еľѨȫõ˻ָԵǿ

أ

Ӵ״̬˳˹۾֮󣬾ͼǰѰ¶ŮЩƣʱŮľƻΣѰչ֮нֹͷܿˡЩһġ

ĿʮֵĴ󵨻ȴǳĳ˼ۡ쿩Ц˼֮ȥ

ЩĪҿСҲӰǱվ

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ֻǲվ󣬸ожĸд۵һ³һѪš

ͼѪŻðźֻĺɫʣ벻־һϴ衣ǳ׵Ľϵųɾˡ

ͻȻой쬵ġǵͷһʱ۾ɴˣԼȻȫŵġճһ񵰿һϺɫʡӲӲĸϡƬһ㣬Լһƣһȥ¶۰ܵƤ    ·ʲôʱˣ

Լ塣ӲοЦҪһСˡֲǹֵֹ



漴뵽Լȫ㣬ǱŮǸɶȫˣ

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ȥӴ˴⾳־Ӱ޷µı仯֮󣬾ڰŮõİ£ȥ޸ľ磬µʱ䡣

˵εϴ֮״̬ǰĺá

ֻҪﵽӡǹ⾳ںϵĳ̶ȡӾͱռںϣǾǳɾʥ塣    ˴ξϴ裬ټȫ类ͨҲûзŹһȴĻᡣ

˵εϴ֮󣬲ûгȥڼŹԵʹԼĴٴδﵽһµĸ߶ȡ

ɽ֮УȻѩ̹ǡ

Ӵ˿ȴһεξӨĺ鲻ϵ£䵽ϣһˮ

һֱڽͿϾȭֶ͹ǹٵϢѪӡЩǳĶ

һȭһţû˿Ķ໨εĶ

ÿһʽáӵĽƤĤǡѪЩڽŸεϣӶγһ塣

£ҵĽһ׵ĶĹСʱ䡣ҡֽһ֪״̬֮С

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ʮʱ䣬ɯĵ͹һЩҩӽ֮󣬼ĴͬʱЩĹڻС

ֱһ¹ȥ

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ӷչ֮ʵϣ𣿡

ϻعŵӣ벻Ҫ֡Ҫ룡

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ʱǰͷĿ⣬ӵʱȴһָӵĸ߰޼ɵɨӡ

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⾳֮еһСֵĺ⾳ʱȴѾڸܵԼһɼǺġҼǿǿ־ԵЩ֮ɫ䡣

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˴ʱڶԷˣϮǵĻǵ϶ܴܵϵ˺

ʶԼײһ֮󣬶λҲû֮ǰǹɰȻ֮ɫǹǺ־ıѹ֮¡ڵǸ߰ͷ­ٿʱһľη

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һճҲ˴ͼǶ˶ͷðǶ˶һۺһ˴벻ƵУĸֻ֡ʮͣӵнӽʥʵǰ;Ź紫ǰ㡣ˣˡ

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һȴʣԵеᡣһǻζ

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Ȼ

Ȼ롣ôҲɾܾ𣿡



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ʱߵǸʱȴˮ۾ӵֵܡҪ֪ʥᣬÿʮһ죬ÿզ˶һզģʥ֮ϣҲвѣд䣬ջҲ١ҲһκľԵβμأѵѽ

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ӶʥȻ塣ֻǿλŭͷĮλǰ˭߹㣬Ҳʥڵأ

ͷ⻰ȵСӡϷˣϷô

˵ţһʥƾͳӱѹȥһ̹Ρ

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⻰еͻȻһ£ɵǼ£ҲǸᣡ

᣿ؤЦ²ʲôɣʱһʥǹڹĻ֮죬Ҫƹʹ׷õʱҸӣǹˣϣ

ʱվۿУʱǰμʥšˣϷϷۼ֤ЩЦʥڵ䣬Цʥưܵ޵ӿУӵĵزϷ򡣵ʱŭػңֻ˵Щ˼䣬Щ˾˱дһմӮ֮զνȴԽʥΪɣҵΪйӡȥμǸʲôʥᣬ˳Цô

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϶űС˯СԶ

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ڵɻ֮֮ʱǱŭɫʱһ䡣УȴǱ˾ˣ۵ؤ벻ưܵʥУȻеؾĴڡֲ׵ؿšϷСʥڣ

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λһ״ʧɫ£ǰסУдڵѪƽϢЩ֮󡣵Ҳûֻͣǵؤһ֮һ䣬ߣ

лһҵشɽ֮󣬴ʱͼһȻԵõӡС֣һƤı顣߽˴ǸµؼһҪ˸أ

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ӼǸСӡοЦôһǳ׵İţˣȻ˯ﲻ˯һ

ûĵؼһﺦģ˼Һö죿ͻȻӣЦЦ˵



⻰֮дĳЩСеһЩʵ̲סЦճؿһۣҲЦŪһΡ׽Ū˵ֶԽԽˡ

ؤ˽ǸʲôˡȴûЦɫȴصصʵҲûʲôؼٰ˴ʥĶȴϷǰ

ǰ˻ν⣿ӱעʡ

ؤ̧ͷӣӡʵҲǵʥڲμʥô򵥡Ϸ򿴣ǵҪĿꡣ㣬Ʋߡ

ʱͻȻʵһƤǡ֪Σ½ ½ڸࡣ֧

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˵ⷬʱӸƣ˽Ⲣ࣬ؤ˵Ʋйأͷһš

ؤͻȻ˵ⷬȴΪȻ˼֮ǰ˵Ĵ˴ʥֵʱС뵽һ¡

Ӳصǰֻ˵ʥľٶĶΪҸƲߣμʥĿ½صĴܲ˾쵽Ҳ⣬ǰָʲô

ؤŻλһ仰ϷϷ˵귢һЩ֮£

ʱɫҲ˵Ҫ¸ǸƲϵԾָѪؤ˼ǲ˵ϱ壬й

ؤȴҡͷ¼ûκϵɵ㣬ϷҲƲ⣬Ǵ˴ʥ⣬аʿа֮ӰϷ뵽һʥ⣡

ղŲ˵Ͻʥǹص飬ôгʲôϵ

ؤξʥֹطֻһλģֹУһЩԵ¾û𣬶ֶһЩصĹЩݶԾӦڶ࣬ԼʹµӰ졣˽ֹʥ֮󣬱򸽽һͷƣ¼ںļطҲ̳һЩɹ˴һЩȾԵļҩҽ

ڵʱһʱӰ죬һЩ岿ˡҲ̱ȾڵʱӰܴΪ¼ȾΧ󡣵ʱһֹ˾ǨƵٺûκεϢΪЩݲǹģųǡǸʱĺᲿҲһЩ޷͵ìܡ    ֱʮǰ֮ҲһڧǴڧȴʹüźͷ˴Ĺ׺ᱻŵĲҰֱ꣬ʮǰⶫҪĹ׺ᱻ֮ɱ¼Ҳûз

Щƺ뵽ʲôǰ˼ǣ¸ϵϵĻô˴Ϊűʱаʿа֮ӰŲɱ¼ʥҲǴ£Ϊ壬Ϊֹʵϲˣôǲζţ˴ʥ󣬷ֲڴ½صᣬпܽ⵽ͬ¼

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ؤǰɽһɵǰɽͨһշ½½ܻһˣշǰ˵£Ҳǡ

ӵͷȴؤǰƲʲô

ؤº󣬿ӣԥƬ̣ǵӣʵϷ˵ѰʱֻԽԽԶ˳ȻʱߣʲôγҲ룿

Ǵ˵һֱ֪ҵ٣

ؤͷӵףΪʲôƲÿܻʵм£ҲøˣǵõϷͷ֮ôʵ֮ǰʼƲ߾Ѿ鵽ĸӵ䣬ֻȴһֱδĸžۣʱмֵ飬ĸΣգίϷݴһӣ

˴˻д󾪡

ؤ⣬Ϸ򵱳ǱĹ ҲƲί

ΪʲôΪʲôȥĸף˼ĸŮ䡣ǲҲ֪ȴһֱûмĸŮΪʲô

ؤ̾һʵƲڵ굽ƹѰĸʱθ治ĸžֻۣʼβһӰӡǴǰؼɽ֮£һΡ㻹ǵил˰ɣƲߴǵ֪ǰ߷ϢһֱǵȰ֮󣬲Žɽģ

ô˵¸ݶ֪ģΪʲôң

ؤʵ顣ǲϣ֪ΪаٺһγǶһֱҪ֪ǵĵ˶ǿ󣬶㣬ǿ󣡡

ӻȻˣ

ؤĳ˵֪ԽԽʱҲҪף·ôߣʲôⲻ˭Ϊ̾͵·ߵ·θı䣬ı䲻ŵ֮ѪСڴ֮ǰ°䣬ڴȴˣ¸ĿУɻǼ߷ģǸ׻ƾ֪֯ЩΪʲôΪҳʵⲢΪʲôǸж£ʵ֮ѪԸΪҳžη֮ģΪԭڣϵĺǴȥϣ

ӴʱѾˣ𾪵ؿؤǰô֪׻ƾֵģ

ؤӣӦ֪շ½½ˣᣬЩ嵱еķ壬Զһۿ죬ЩôĸԸΪҳأշ½½棬˴ʥйأҲбҪǰѩ죬ȥݷһλˣȻҲлҪ˵

ǰųֵаʿа֮Ӱݰ˵ʿﵽ쾳֮󣬳ϮĻ֮ں϶γɵһа֮㣬а֮Ӱ᲻йأ

ʱл˵ûصڴ֮ǰĹϵΪܣǲǻɳƹЩ屻壬Ǹշ½½йˣйأôСݴ˴εʱа֮ӰҲͲֻǴˣ

ӵ˵СʱǸа֮ӰֻǱߣǰݷˮԵШ  

ƲƲ죺а֮ӰСˣôǽô׷Ļװˣ

ؤӣ²˳٣ȻƲ˴ʥĿйأ㻹ǰѩ죬շ½½˵ٻưɣ·;ҪҪСĲǣ

ӵͷȻˣǼ̶̰ɣ

ţСݻɽˣӦҲˣûˣ߰ɣ

ôˣǲǻʲôҪ죿Ӽ˵Щǣǿǿʡ

ѽֻһʱּʲô˵ϳˣȥϴϴҪӣҲŲһ·أߣ

СѾͷҪٴһ½ڵ˯þඣճһ٩Ц    ͷ㣡ճһۺ󣬵ȴ漴ͳš

˼ؿ뿪ıӰȴ룬ΪʲôҪһ

 Ķ ʥγɵĸ

 ڹ̨繭̸鳽صȴɯӰ

Էʱ Ů˽صĲ֪ڹʲôֲ,ȴ֪ˣʲôӱȥң뻹ûŸ֮ж

Ů˼ŵСܣҲġ

ص ,ɾ,Ѫ豱,Ⱦʱȹ̵ĸ

 оѪ繯һζ,ԭӵŨ,ѪĹ裬ȫٵתҲŨ,ÿתʱ,һ΢΢ĸо

ϸƷζ⾮ĸо ֪ԼڵѪ,,ɴʦ޶,ڽʥŲŵĸо

ֿõ״̬Ҳǳʥ֮ʱ׽

Ҳǲ׽ʥ

Ҫʥ Ȼˣ߶߲ŶԵͰѳ,һˣ⾳֮ռ,ʥڣͨڶķʽ,һ,ʵʥ,ʥ硣

ϹͣԼԼ һĸܵʥͻʱǺεȵļѡ

ʥ ѵĻʥĺ,ʦ̿,ŵһո鵤ҩ,޷ͻռ޶ʥ壬ŵʥںϵĹУ޷⾳֮ĸأԱ䱱ϵĿֺ

ʥĺУҲǳɾʥΪؼһ ϹӽЩɾʥˣעϸ,ʥĺϣǳ

Ϲڽʥϳ֮ʱ߱¸ɽ ຮ֮һ־֮УͨȻԼаĶ

ڳֶʽʱ ЩϵȻԼ,ƼǿǿȣĳȻдڵκһϵ裿

ֻȻ 弫޵ͻ֮ô͵ʥ,ٺ֮Ӧ⾳ںϺ,ȻҲȻ,Ҳʥ֮֮,ﾮʥ֮

Ϲʥ⾳ʥϵƣӸݺǴʵս֮еĹկͷ¶Աȣεʥ֮⾳һּصơ

Ҳ˵ ڸȻ֮ʱǹɴų,ִͨмԵ壬ԼҲִʵͺǹɺص⾳ں,ɾĴŴغԵʥ֮·

ӷϸЩȻԼ֮ ϹһեƺҲһǾ˵֮ĳȻϵм֮,ô˴۷,Ͻʥ⾳ʱɾʥˣ,߱ǴﵽʱȻԲĪĹ,ʹͻʥ,ôӴʱ,ˣȻ,ҲЩĪ

һ֣ͨܽᷢˣʥںһ Ǿͱܵصͻ쾳֮,ʷһγ׵ںǵǵתĵ͵·кʥ

мԵӽʥһɾʥˣء    Ϊܼ֮ ӷ֮жʱͳ֪ĵط

һڵǸ¶ һ֮,ǲѡ

룬ˣѡ ֮Ϊ֮,ȫΣûκ˴򺼣ڴƹڣ

룬Ѹپʥʱѱչ֮

ҹѾ һἸ,֮,ɯȻת

Ȼڣɯʲô⣬лǲЩĲ£ Ǿȥ߿

ѩɽУҹʮֵļžκεĳ

ɽĴתת Ҳûŷʲô,ɽַ

ַ ڵɽŴ֮,֪ʲôԭ,һҹ䱻Ϊƽ,ʥڵʱԱȴٿ    Ҹֵ,,Ҳһֱû,ѡǰɽַһֱԭֱ,Ϊα,ͽһδ֮,Ҷλʥڵ̫ϳ,ҲǺԭ

 ԱһЩԭʱòȻϬǸһƻ,ϳ˱ѩ֮,Ǹġ

չתת ȻҲûʲô,ɽ˹ŻϬ˯ǸѨ֮⣬Ҳû֮ˡ

ɯȥˣ

ӽɽҲת˸飬ȻûŷŮӰ ƢԣӺܱϬ޵Ѩ￴һֻߵĴһ,鷳ֻǸӦ,Ҳûʲô쳣ֻ֮޲ɽ

صУһἸ Բɯ,ڴ,Ժһֱĸʱ,ŷ΢춯

֨ѽ

һ죬űС׵ ӱ,ɫ,ҮŵһϤ㣬֪ɯˡ

װ˯֮Уһŵ춯 Ү˸һǣоһСèζۼ˱,ı,˯ȥ

˯֮ 磬ͼɯǵıǼ⻹һ㾧Өĺ飬һζʶ,ɢ

ٿǾӨ֬ ѩ͸ϴ֮Ƥһ,ˮ۹⻬ŵԣ˸оһųԡ,ǰ۵˯,Ǿ,Ů·,ӿòЩˡ

ɯӱʱСֽ˽ ø,żĹ,֪ôŻʲô,Ȼǲ뽫Сܸ,ôҲûűˣ̸ʵף͸һռɡ

ţӲ㽥˯ȥ

ҹȥҮ

һҹ˯ ˯֮Ҳˣһҹ,ҹδߡ

ƾǣྸ

ǸȸĿףྸ һҹ,ʱڵƹ,ûκεıԵúƽ,ֻü,ȴĳֽǿ

Ƭ һӰѸ֮,ྸ̧ͷõˣ

ǵӰ˸֮ͣº󣬾ͼһλҹ£ͷȫڽס ֻ¶һ˫ɷʮˡ

ྸѰ ˴ӻȡһҲ,ֱӽྸ

ྸǰ ɫ޲ڲŵũ,Ǿͽǰϵĺڲ򿪣ȡᣬҮ콫һſɨ˼ۺ,ŹЦһԭǸһֱܵʥȻǰʧˣɭ,,ǲλʦػ,ȻǱ빬˽ȡȻǵ궦ĵʥδ֪,½ 

 Ķ¡Ի쾭

үҪĶֻ꣬ҪĶүˣ

˵ʮֵ䣬ƺһָ˵˸оʮֹ졣

ྸõҪģʱ泩ǱߵǸĺ棬תǸ󣬾ͼǸǽ¶һССİ

򿪰ྸóһӣ㽻˵ʥܷ߱ʲôãȻ˹עڱһͨĹŶˣ

Ŷߣ

һҲͣӹӣ˿ȷ֮󣬱ҼȻõôһ£ȻҲүףүıǣǣ

˵ţ˵Ӱһ˲ϢĹ򣬾ʧ֮

ྸǺӰʧ֮૵оǶʮꡣûʲô벻ȥô꣬һﻹⶫǲǿˣ

ϵᡣྸϵǹɫͱһİ棬ؽУĵ⡶Ի쾭˴һںԻʵ⾳ɾԹڶʥԻʣؾʥʡ££綼Ǳģ漴ྸȵӰӣ

ڣһӰ£һ·Ʈ

ǰİŽʹ£ж飬⡣뾩գܼЩ˵ĶЩ˸жģɱۡǣڰӦһ󣬾ҲûϢ

ྸڴ֮кʱִ֮еһأһСʯͷ

˲һͼһλŹߵ˴ǻص֮˳ྸֱӷԸʧƣʧѩһۡٴλԾĪϱɥȻ¿һСӦܶԸмǣжһҪܡ

ǣӦһྸʣ֮£ôˣ

˵Ż֮Щÿ֮󣬶ʧӰ٣ʹ˿ǻǵҲ״Խչܻ

㲻عˣ˻Щ£ڻʵ۶ͿϿĺܣ޴֡±ҲύֻҪϷ˱ɣµȱ˴λ飬ȥɡ

ǣ˺תִǻصء

ྸ˻̧֮ͷǣһĨľ⣬α֯һŸҪ㻹ûǸͷ죡

ѩ֮У궼Ǳѩص龰Ѽһ˿⡣

Ļ֮дˣÿһƬѩ׵ľ¡Ҳû˶ٹ͵Ȥ

Ȼѩصľ²䣬ȴһֱڱ䡣

ӱ࣬ɯҲ˺ܴı仯ͻȻڹһҹ֮󣬶ɯĵһָо

ããѩ֮ϣÿͶȥɯмκ뽫ܸǿֹˡѰ´˴δƺҲһЩ΢ı仯飬ƺĺöˡ

ӷЩ仯Ȼк棬Ůƺﵽһ¡ҪСܱȥ֪ʲʲôҲûپ⣬Ǽһܴİʣֲǳȥ棬ôණʲô

һۣ֪ʲôЩǴɻĺöϺԪչʱԵһЩʥµĴ󲿷ֻ֣һٲֶѡ

˵ŽɻƷӵһֱδϡӣôһ˵ӵȤɽ

˵˰죬ֲ֪úǰŵӷƵҪʥ鷳Ҳ³ġ

ԭϴζŵж֮󣬳³ϴһӣŵȫϴһգջ鵤ҩкüӣ⻹ϡʯĲϣԼһЩĹ伮ȵȣŰѹεĲƸȫʥڵĲֿ֮С

ֻؤҪһЩСƻҪһЩ鵤ҩӿһ·Ǿ;ֱһϲ֪˴νɻŵĲƸ֮Уһʲôı˹ҲὫǰôӾһ¶ͳ

ᡣѹκĶ֪в֮

ӶԼһЩҩ󵹲⣬һֱǿԼʵΪĽġ

һΪԽߵˣԵҩԽͣһЩȽĵҩ⣬мʹЩͨƽ𲻵õҩ裬һЩ켶ĵҩϡټ˵ȴҲҪݲͬʹãͳ˻֮ҩ𲻵á˱׶ˡ

ԣӶԴ˴ʥڽɻŲƸԼЩǺ⣬˵ŵطһ׾͹޵ˣҪҵزᡣԶĹҲϡ

ʥڵõЩƸĳʵһõĵӣٴ׳󣬻ǺϣġѩɽǰѩķطҪȴؼɽɽٺᴩ۹Լʮҵг̡ͿԵ뱱ѩӵķ졣

ʵطؼɽƽеһᴩһɽкɽ֮С

վͽⶣɽȺؼɽ඼һЩͨеش̺һЩ˵еĹŻľޣҲںɽ

ŮãԼɯˣڴؼɽ۹֮۹ؼɽһϢһպ󡣱̼

ƱɳΪ֮ĽųѾͨ׷ƱŵļƥѩЩƱĵ̣Ҳһκɱ䣬ȻٶȺȲƱȴƱ£

⼸·ʱ˵⼸ƥѩҰɳģǱѪͳкܴĻɳΪ⼸ƥѩıϣѾ˼ССͻ𣬾ҷһпܻ

Щ֮ÿǼֻѩϵפ壬ٿƱʲôûУеĽҪƱҲܳһԳܹɵĻǸһô顣

ȻĽǼֻѩĳɳʣǶƱԣٺãƱĸ飬ǾԲܹͨġ

ƱнɳĻᣬڻݱʲôҲʮڴ

׷г̣Ҫᴩ۹ĺɽشҪʮг̣ƱͼƥѩٶȣѰĿ죬ֻ첻ʱ䣬۹ı߾ѩǸ

ѩ۹߾һǳأǳ֮󣬾ܵɽشŮ˼·;Ͷ٣ǳϢһ졣

Ȼ׼һƬϡɵѩֽǵʱȴһ׵סȥ·

 ĶΧԴ

յ۹ǸѩɸɼԿֲϡģҵɭԴΪḻմ඼Իĳ̶ȣǶĹ֮

߾һ￿ɽʱ͵޳ûԻԴΪÿ˴Сһñ죬Լɱ޴Ҳ**ӵ﹭֣ⶫΪǿֲʹ̸֮ɫҪԭ

һ·۹طȽƶϴĳǳƹһԣ򶼲磬뺷ĳ̶ȣȴǸ֮**߶طս﹭֡ںᴩ۹ʱҲʶԵٶȺַޣ̵ս֣ȷʵܹ**Ǿսɫľ׿һƴʵս˵

ӾңԴơҵľҲһЩŵ˽⣬о󣬻սսƹΪ֮սʵǿ۵ս۹λƹľڳ־ԼԷ棬ռƣǴɳĮش۹иǿսӦƣĽ顣ֶɫľǳֹģսС̱̲ĸʼάŶĴ۹ĸ֡

Ե۽顣սǿ۹ʿӵĵһӡ󣬱ЩǱ뺷ǡ

סǼ˵Щӿǿ׵ʽЩ˵ʵǾżʦĳ̶ȣЩסӼʱ̬Ҳܿ˵ȺͨʿӦǾüľʿ

󣬾ͼǰмΧʿ︺·˵ʿһλӣĿͷһλɣʮǿͷ˹ǻɤھٰΧԴᡣҪǣƵ߶ϵĹٵɣ֮£

λһʿͷͷ󣬵˵ûǰǿ֮󣬵Ҳԥת˵Ǹ߹ٵɣ

ƺĴȤȴʿͷιͷ˵ٰΧԴᣬǿɲԲμѽ

λͷʿͷǸŮӵҲûĳƺֻǵǵĿˣʵĸߵֻͣҪΪȥԱμӵģʤߡзḻĽһиľϲġ

ۣӦò˱μӣ֮ƺǾϲĻȤͷǰ

ȻͷȴҡͷǸδᣬŮӲòμӣ뱨λС絹ǿԣ

ΪʲôŮӾͲܲμӣҲ̫ƽ˰ɣȤʱһˮɱԹ

ʿͷĽ͵߹С㣬ǲǱ֮ˣ֪ķףÿٰһΧԴᣬҲݶģȥΧԴǹᣬûŮκ˶ԱμӣĴΪʿٰĴᣬһЩ⣬ֻʮ˵ʮ֮ʿμӣλУҿλֵܵͷϣԱμӣڸС㣬ֻбǸˡ

ʱһʿЩͷص³ˣȻǲǱ񣬴˾ǣʲô

֣ĸλȻǲǱ񣬵ǿͣҳҲ뱨μӣҲõǵְ𡱡

˴˵ĻͷԸֺøмһʵӣҲ֪ǵС˼ȻǲܲμӣǻƵǰɣǴֻ·Ҫ£

Ѱµ㣬һ·ûʲôϵǻƵɣ

ƵƵ鷳ͳʲһȥ

֪һ··ЩƣǸöŮӡôȤϷȴܲμһ棬ȷʵеСƣҲ⣬ֻЦЦβȥ

ųˣҿ⼸ͷ˵᲻ǼϸҪҪˣϾδᣬҲڣʧ

Ӽ뿪Ǹкֵյ³ߵ

³üͷźֵΪʼʿҲһ壬֪ļʶ㣬ǸʧʼʿķȣͲдҿЩҲֲˣʵɲ⣬ȻǿƵ˵ֻ·˶ϸԴֻ鷳Ӧ룬ڻʼʿϣȴʼûеõʲôԭˣһΣϻصĸλȥ

ֹʲô

ʱһɫ룬ףɷȻľٻ죬ȳ

³һλ룬ɫһݣվֱ壬һηص氢ͨͳ¸ո˾˵صһƵӶϹٵǣ

Ŷ³ʲôɴʣλͳǸϸˣ³ģԵɣɫҲÿһЩ

³ͳ죬һŮӶʮ£ŮӶ棬¿⼸ʵɲ⣬ʶֻǽΧԴ飬ȰƵǵľ²ûѰȽ

ͳ˵ͷǼڴѲӰɣ˵пɶǲץһ㱨

ǣ³󣬰ͳ߹ֻ˰أͳȻ뵽ʲôתͷ³һ²ŲǼ˵ò

³һŮλŮò࣬λӡȽ˳Ӣһ磬һƥޣ仹һĶ̹

ͳͻȻʣղ˵һƥޣĶ̹磬ȷˣ

ȫȷ³һᶨش

ȥˣ˵ʲô

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³ĺܺãСͳ˵һ֮漴ޣٳϵķȥˡ

ߺ³ЩĪԱߵĺȴĽصΣܽˡֻͻȻ³ͶĿ󣬺ֲŵϻصλ

ۣôôˣС

ڹٵ֮ϣٵϵﲻԵЩӵ£ƺղǲμӴԵСƣ类˾⡣

ƺŮȱ֮еǵСͷ˷ϵǳ泩Ϊһڹٵϣ۵ǱĿעĽ㡣

·ϵЩǼҴҸ·ǣڿǱģǴ֮ǿҵջʹЩ۾ֱˣе·˵ײϣһʷǰĽͨ

еܹǽӽһռλù˶֣

Щ˴ԽףԽġ

ӼǿĵӣΣŮ㣬Ψ²ҵСħŮչľ޴Ǳʡ

ֻţͻȻڸ̽

 Ķ!Ķ

׳Ǳֻޣ۹ߵһеȷĳУһܦʢ ϡҩĺƤëԼĺ

գﰴͳھٰһαȽΧԴᣬ۹ĸ塢־ꡣԼдǣ׷ӵѩǡ

Ӽ˽˳֮󣬲ŷΧԴʢжôĻ𱬣Ϊǽ֮еĿջ¥ȫҼ޵ĵطҲûˡ

Ϊ˲μӴꡣҲη䣬ڳһЩ񣬾ǻľһ㣬ϳʹǳصĽֵЩĴڣԵʮֵӷס

ɶʲôĴᣬСѵôúϢһ죬ʲôɶĴƻˡ

˺öҿջ¥ӣһתʱңûҵŵĵطֻڴεиǲʱڱԹš

ҲЩΣǳǺɽشǴǰһУǰǺ̵ĵطǱҪвΧԴᣬҲȷʵԤ֮еһε顣    ʵҲǷҪһ죬Ůü˵ľĽ·ûʲôģֻһ·糾ϾŮӣС½϶࣬ȻҪչ˵ǡ

ӣǻױҲȥμǸΧԴɣҲŲ˵μΧԴˣסṩ

·ϡ䲻֪ôСϢ˳

ӵǼһֱڸټǵˣӦöǾˣǰĻӷͻϳˣЩ˵ҲΪǣǽһЩǣΧԴᣬȻǱ˶ˣμ벻μӡһġ

˵䣬һ˾һӵʱ򣬴ʱ֮ͻȻ߳һϸǰ۵ˣҪޣ⻹һӿţ

һ䣿

ҪڡʱȴͻȻððҪҵطͶޣллˣ

ԵСϸ˿ǹɿɰӣЦеص

ʱɿɰӣӶͷߡ

漴ϸˣŴҲͨ񸾡Լлһɸ߹ʣסǸͨƽլӣͿܳĥֹʣóϸ˲ṦͨƽһˣоΡ

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ǾǣȻֻһ䣬̾Сöںһˣʲô˵ãɯգգ۾

ɯСװ˵ͷѰʵĿӣӼƺڸСܣҲֻõͷӦ

˽լ֮ϸ˽ݣӽǣԺ¹۲£Ҳûʲô֮Ҳȥݡ

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ţҰɣѰ¼æйⲻȥǾ͹ȥ֡

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ʱͻȻӵʵţûʰӣȥûУ͵ߺߡ

Сȭͷʾ֮󣬾ɯȥһӡ

Ӷɯ֮Сܵ£ѾֲˡϴμһЩ΢ı仯ʱ;ÿڸɯϰԵʣȻǲ˵ȻҲʣݴڡ˼׽Ҳȥ롣

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ҿ޼䣬ôֻһǣأҲϲԲԣ

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ѰЩȵ̧ͷλϸˣţΪ˽

λЦôڲͬôС˼ĺ룬ȻģǺ棬Ծ͹۲һӡǺǣ

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Ѱһɫ䱸㾿˭ΪҶӦκϢȴֻһͨţ

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ѰҪ˵ʱȴ֪ͺáɣ

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ڳתתȻмĿڼעĶֻЩ˲ûвȡʲôжҲûᡣ

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γһ·ϣҲûивǵʵȻЩ˺·мСǾԴżˣװ    ˹ȥʱԱһںжɪɪСŮǾ˹ȥʣСô

ʮǮһҪСļϹһЦݡ

ȫҪҲҰɣ

ûǮͳһӸСС󣬵ţ磬һٷǮҲôǮҲңô죿

ˡϿؼҰɣӽӹӣСｫС֮УȴǲߣһֱͷؼҰɣⲻʩᣬǼҵļЩǮԤԺмˣֱ͵ߵλżֱΪֹǮպãҪ˿

С룬ŵͷǸˣ˵ţͱı߿ˡ

С߿ڵĴ󺺾ҪСȥֱóݺݳȥֱӱ˸Ľų죬ҺֹΧɿһЦ˳·мˡ

զľ׮һ·мˣͷܲǳ˳

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һûϲ·Ĵ󺺡ĺԾش·ϣǸƵ飬Ц

תۼһһλĴ裬˹ȥ˼üɣ

ðǸЦǺǵģղżСеļ֪զˣԺˬؾøӡ

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ӾڸתһȦͼǸƣǷı飬оúЦ漴תһλŵСϴүȥ

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˲ɵ̵أǡܡôҲһ˭˲ߣСˡ

죬ӲôС֪ǳģȴﵱ˰İ裬ȥǱ˳ЦͷüͷԱƵȵ

ѵͼվֹŵԺôûȵ飬ñӣҵı椶ڱأ

ܵҸʵɣ֪Сµİɣ

ʱִλϴүüЩСС˼·ߣȻóһôȻԵõسԵúò񫡣

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ʱ̲סˣǾ˹ӺСӣܼ˻˳ۣУ㵱ǡܡǰô

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ӳſһֻۣǱ߳Աߵţζ

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оƨʪʪġһͼճŵƣһʱˡ

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ѵ֪ܣֻӲװǻƣȴûиɹһ춯شµŧ

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˵գ̾Ϣһϧ

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ӼעȫŵƷˣ΢΢˿ѸٳţɯɯǸųԡˣΣǼ⻹к飬ʣӣȥ

Ŷɯ˸ţϻҸĿЩƷȥɣеȳȥһ£

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׼ι⻰һ

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ֻ֮ʣֿ죬һ࣬Ѹ˫ָУסȻһת𰵾㳯Ǳκڰ䷴ȥ



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Щ䵽岻ԶʱͻȻְʱ죬Щûմӵ½ǣ׷׵

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վԭزά±ŵǰ±ڵĴϢڵϢԴԴϣϢԣǾţһë



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ֵǸˣƽε£ӳղʵĵ£ֻץһƬ½ǵ鲼

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뵽˸һӰ֮ؿµӰҲҲӰϵĿܰˡ

뵽ͻȻЦ

СӣͷˣЦó߿ںĴЦǳ鴤£Ĩ˺ӳԽץ½ǵ֣󼸸˻˻

Ǽͷĺ˲κɫϢؾһڰҹ֮еĹȡգ֮䣬ʧӵǰûκεϢӰ

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ӵЦֹסɫͻȻ˲չֳʵȻҲֻǴʦĺڣǵٶȣȴѾӵ˼£һϤĸоһӵͷ

ЩڸͷˣǺǿɱ֣

Ϊγڴ˵أͻȻʧʲôȥˣ

ȻЩͷҲֻӵʶ֮һѾ˾Ҫɱ˶ԣֻǼĹ򣬴˿λЦ֮У´˻ɱҵӵµ壬ʵʩɱλĺӳռ൳ʵʩɱжɱ

һ£ѾװֱĸǣʵʩΧųɱ⡣

϶㿴ôĸʦԸңȻɱңα˷ʱ䣬˷ԴԼԶ֣ˬ죿

ӿ˴ʦʵֻЦһ۽ɨ˺Χƣ࣬һݶԾһ

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ЦһͻȻһ󣡡

ͼĸʦӦ֮ͻȻıΧķλشڵȥλĸǣȻûٽӽʼڶʮĴΧΧ롣

Щ˵ʮֵĬǾһ壬һķƶӴϷڷĽʼձôһֵƽ룬Ծʼĸ˰ΧĴȦӡ

Щ˽ǼΪѲĶֲ֣ͷô޿֡

ֻЩֻΧһʱҲˣʲôɨʱһӣһҪǰȥ

ʱƺӵͼûеݵӣ漴ӻȡһӰ㳤Ĺ״Ķһ

ݡһһ˿ϸԿռһƽӵλͻȻ򽻴ƶŴ˿ƿղ֮

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Ӽϸ˿۲׷ֱ棬Ǿƾպƶʮֹ죬˿Ҵ⡣

ϸ˿ӽʱ˵죬һǳͷϿնһûֱƽݶоһϬķâıǼ⻮նЩͷԱߵ̴ѣǱжһ㣬ƽгϣȥ

Ϭ˿ߣ

ƬƬѵԼƮͷһ̴ƽޱȵпڣһλʦʵټ˿ߣʹܽж˿飬˿߲סѣҲҪѲƤ۲أ

ƽƶʼһ̶ΧڽΧģҪ˿߶

䲻˵޵ݺύ˿ߣȴǰ߷ΧʼսΧģ޷ѰҵͻƿڣټλʦֵϣȻ

ŴλҪ˽Ľ࣬ǰ֮ʣ˻ͬʱǰƣͻƣа˿ͻΧʮѲ

£ЩӦֽսʽشԵúǱ

ѲĶ֣ҲҪ˿·һ

ȻŤתǾӦֽսѰһ߻ᣡ

Щ˶йһ̵оַ

սȴһֱڽš



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ѰһŵС֣ʱῴɯȦģҧŴҲ

ʱڳſ촽ҧһСںϸϸƷζ֬ϣûκα顣ʱŵ⿾óԣ

㣬ʲôʱˣ㻹Զ

ʲôȻõ˿˿ֻǡϳѣȻǸһԵСǸһĴ⻹˲ģǼ棬Ҳһĥ

ĥ֮гɳǿûǸͷһ͵ϮǻҪСǼʵǿɱ֣ǡ

Ա߾żѰºɯżģҲһƽº͵Цݣο˵ûս֮гɳǿߣǿ¶Ҫһһǲߣϸǿĵˣǽģ

ŵƺĳܹĶѰ⻰ܿƽԴ²λŵ֪֮λΣͷԲӵġ

ɯܵӰ죬ƽͻȻʣЩˣʲôˣһ֪

ԣſɯһӣ΢΢һ㶣漴ЦЦԭˣСǻҲѽ

ţҴӼһʱ;㲻ͨˣֻǶܺãҲ뻳㣬¹ӰΣ֮£ҾһҪŪҰɣǽҲи

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أֵԾˣͣ˳еĿתôɯŮ쾭⹦½Ͽʧǧ˵ѽ

ŵĻѰ½óԾ

˵Ů쾭εĲ챦ҵһֱⱻ˽ʽĲҳɣΪϹ֣½֮ϣûܿ

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Ůʱ˺ģͬʣ˫գһλԽԽصš

Цǲþȡŵһµʱ䷢ֹƬҳֻʱһλ֪ѧϰģҲֻӴһϹ֣ʱ´æֻ˼۾뿪ˣһݣо꣬Ҳڵһۼλʱֻǲ룬ղǣȴҲõ˴𰸣

Ǹƻţһһ䣬롣żˣأɯŮ쾭£ȲҪǸһ֪Ϊ⹦ȫֻƬҳǵҵƬҳɯѧȫ˲ŸǼһ֪ˣҪң

ԭҲѽѰͻȻһЦ

˵й죬ݺݵѰһۣǽĵϣȴѾһĨϼ

ʱЦݣȴǿӣŮ쾭ȱȫ㾹Ȼ͸ɯһֲأ밡

˵գͻȻϷһ㣬гһʮֹӵĵʯͷʵ

ɻؽӹ󣬾ͼʯͷһЩɬķţſţ۾͵ɴˣ˼صôôҲһƬҳŮ쾭ĵƬҳ

Ƭҳʱһλ֪ҵģоҳʮ꣬ҲóһۣҳʱһԲΣȴƬֻеĵƬʱ֪ҲңҳмصĹһϹŹֲȱǲ˴мģѰƬ󣬴ӵһƬʼõҳֻƿʱвһЩµĶڻ㵽ԼĹ֮ϣγԼķҲľ磡

ЩСΪʲôҪǣ

Цɯ⺢ҲԵҳϵĹγԳһ׹ϵ󡣾ѾòˣȻɯѾǱǱǣѰѾͷͰݻֹ ʱǴҪ˵ڶƬҳô

һ⻰۾ʱһšѾռƬˣ֪Ƭѽ

ȴҡҡͷһƬ֪ģ½ƬʵڳеģڷʱȡȻҲ䵽УڵƬҲȴһֱûеõκε

⻰Ůģʱȥ

ٵ⹦ҲǶȴûܹԲʧ䵽硣ʵҲһֱѰңǴűⱻҷֵһƬұҲɯģǿ˻ĽܺҷǹϵҪɯþȻȫϣҲǻԵԾˡСɯʱҲ˶ߣҲͬһǣǸǡеڶƬҳƬһУӱչصʱҾȥҪصڶƬǰʱѰҵƬģ벻СݵǸˣȻ㻨աߣ㾹һֱռǽˣǽôõţ

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ţһֱûи֪Ĵ𰸣Щˡʲôˣɯ֪ĹȱȫҲҪһӵģ˴鷳ϣԼǱĶ

ʱɫɯѾͷҸ㡣ǧھ͸ǺӡϲӣҺܵԼһЩԵĵˣǶǴ磬֪أš

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ȻֲãԭļһﻹģȻ磬ҪϵһѪ

Ѱ˼£ôô

յҲֻİϵһˣǳһֱά´壬Ϊ飬Լƽţȷʵ˺ܸߵšͬʱͨÿʮһʥᣬ쵽¸䣬˾󲿷еҪΪЧĿʲôҲ֪

ҪѪϹʱڣͶҳϵ塢塢壬ΪʲôҪ˵ӣҾòܣ磬ǿơҲû˸ӵѽ

£ʵԭġ͸챻ɱһӦòֻΪ˽½󣬱ȣҪɱ졣Ҫɱģⱳһԭģֻԭǲ˵û˻֪ǸӺĸףԼƲߣѾ½ϽʣˣҪ֧ǣҿܣЩѼ壡

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Ѱɯ£漴̲סЦȴд󺹣һۣϲ˵Ѿͷû취

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Ȼ޷һʱƿĬÿҲܹʱ㿪ھаصɱȻûңǵսѱϤ

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˿֮κ赲סĶжһпڵϴզ˿ߵĲƣҲܸܵ˿ϵһּӲֵ־

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תͼԼŵĿڴѱ˿߻һ˫ǹӳŵףڵϡ

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˫׻ȥɽ֮ǰɱ˫̥֮õģһֱϡʱһֻզӣֻһЩʱɽʯ̵ͦġ

˫ףԺ֮˲һ⣬ҪӦǹŹֵ˿ߣ˫ףǵ֮صʱˡ

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׼ȥ˫֮ʣͻȻͻϮϸϸ˿ߣϢĴͷƵӵϡ֪Σ½ ġ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķ

  

⣬һɾĺмܵƤ⣡һꡣȻһѪڡ

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˿ߵķâйɱ֮⡣˿Ϊ֪һ˿Ϸ ˿עƳϵķӶһǵ˺ۡ

˵Ľ࣬ǰĶʱѾϵ˿߶΢΢ƶ

ƤϱĴУϵ˿п˿ߵĹ켣ʱʼձǽӴλò͸վڵϲᱻ ˵ĵһ

ټķ˿֮дķâʱƳϵķ

ڳɹץὫ˿ߴӵϺѸݺύʽĽзı任

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۽һƲͼ뽻任ʱֻһ˿ߡ˳ǽ淽λһյλȥ

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Ѹע֮Ϣ˿֮ϣ˾͵˿ϡ漴ӷһԾ£˿Ĵ£Է˵Ľ࣬ڱҡ

Ψɣ

ǽ֮ʱĸ߷̶ֱһ»֮ʱ˿֮䷢ľҵĦܴ˵ĶĤһɾ񵼻߱ȼʱѤ𻨡

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һȻսλţͻȻɫһ䡣

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עһϢ˿ϺͬʱҲںǵ⾳֮£ڵзһʱһֻѸһƣȻһ˿ߣʹԷһġһֻ֣զʱҲӱƵ֮а˳

ССĹƣ߼һ鱨Σѡ

ֻۼͷʼ򲻺õķչʱҪǰȥ֧ԮʱһһĶĸԸһҾˣ㻹Դ۲ˡ

һߵңͬʱɫʼ࣬д󾪣⸽Ȼǿߣȴһֱûо쵽

߱סͣٵʱУһ춯صĲ촫һɼǺķ籩Ѹٵһĵ㱬ӣͼһ˵壬ǲķ˳ڵһԶԶɳײ˸һǽϣǷײ



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һֻֻץһ˿˹λʦʧ˶ѵϣûа취ЧŹ˿ߡ

һץסһͷ󣬱ӭϣλԾĶ׼˵һʱ˿ٸ˽ĻᣬרһʱǺ־˲䷢ʹĶγ˶ݵһ͡

Ҫľһ͵Ļᡣ

ৣ

˿ߴһ˿죬ڱӷ֮£ѵ˵Ĳ֮ϡ

ʱͬʱ˿ն˵ĲӣԷǽһ˿߲ûȴȻҪñϤսɱֶΣǷһ˿Ц

˿߹ʱѸһĶǸߵĵ´Ȼһݣһ֮һϵ˿߾Է˿ߴһᡣ

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ǵϴѸٽеĶ̹ͬ˹ȥҪ⿪ĵĲƣǱϾרҵģ˿ҲӦӦֻ֮Ҫһ˵ϣУͨסӣ϶ܰĲϵĽ⿪

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ȻڶԷǰ׼֮ʣ־Դ˵Ӱ죬ͻȻϮһ类ֵ־£߾ܵӰ죬ֻܽеֵ

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ɱߣҲһҵĹ򣬶ʼձһѹƵλۼ±ɱ֪ⳡϮƷ иǿĸڸԤ˴£Ǿʧˡ

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ߵϴˣȴûӣʱбһɱʹ޳ģֻһ¡ǾɱǰǸƻСӡ

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ĬγһĻսͼΪǿˡ

Ҳڱĸ߼ΪĬ£ӦǵŶϣƵǱϤǵսʽӶһѵõĻᣬ˺ԷӶʵƵת

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ǿĺܣòɵϣǸͷһΪµ߾ȫԶԸӣԼȴһ߹սȻֽţ˴ۡ

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ƺɱۻҵӵЩʿĿУԷǿ󣬶ʮֵĲ԰

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սʹõӿЦ֪Ȼ˵ôЧҲӲҾ͸͸ǧâˣ

˿޲һ£ǿȻսʹЧη嶾߷â˿ãؼʱ̣ȴҲЧ׺˿Ұɣ

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һ鿾ָͷŵĿǰЩԸʵǿżŹһ©֮㣬Ҳлʱ䣬ɱˣ´ĵˣǿ

ȴüͷۣȻͷ֪Ҳ֪ǵʵǱ¶˵ƸǣǽⲻǸǻʱ䣬Ǹ˵˰ǿԮĻʱ䡱

ӵأһǣҪԸ㣬֪ĿǰʵҲ֪ǵʵǲûڰҪԵĻ㣬ǸͷǸʥ㶼ԸˣôȥǿԮֻ֣İǸ



˵һЩ˵ĶѰͻȻѣԾʧԣͷһΡ

λ첹׵ţʱ̧ͷһۣȴҲҡҡͷοЦѾͷ˵Ҫ֤˵ȥڱû£¶ˡ

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ӻȻףЩҩʥںģҲͲ˵ʲôֻǿզСһۺ󣬱ŮûˣȻطϢɣлǰ̸̸ʱǾͶǰ죡

죬˻һֹۣһɯѰµС֣ݺݵһۣ˷

ߺϣؿλϸĵط첹ףǰº͵ӣ뵽ǰ̸үүЬʱ龰

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յôŮáһʲô뷨

ǰӦ֪ǹӣͨģԸȴȻ֮ͬˣֻΪֳ˭ǽ㣬˭ãҪ˵˭ʵǶһģƽȵģηǣҲ˵ˣ˫ްºҾӦǣǣ޹ʲô뷨˵Ҫģ

Ϊʲôᾴηǣ뷨ı䣿

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Ȼ˵ǴԽģԭĿ֮УлҲηĴڡ

զ֮Ĵ˵ѲôϡңԶʶһλŮҪڹϾηӦøжСǿӦȥһڡ    տӣ˼ãŵȷʵҪɣ˵вȴǾޱᣬ񷣬ȴϵʼߣ

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һУɽܸɲã״ز 

վɽհããأ״еĽһŻľƬ֮ߵ˶ȴһֻССһӽӴƺܽʵȴңԶ    ЩƮŶëѩ䵽ѩ֮ϣܿûǻѩµӡ



㼱´̤ѩƬ״Ϸ죬׷ѰǱѩǣѾЩģӡʻԶ

ϣһλذɫ磬ʣȴݵŮӣңԶٵǰƺҲ֮ȥ

ʶǺοࣿ

Ůӵߣһλͷ׷ߣ£֮ʱϢ·ѩһ塣˿̵ϣȴһϧΡ

ʻǰĺӣʣȴΪĳգȥˣԴӱ²֮󣬾Ҳûбǰһֱ۰Ǹӣʡ

ʱ룬ʶΪҪǸСӣɱǸСӣӣʻõꡣ

Ѿ֪ѲǸСӵĶ֣Сӵĳɳʵڹ

̸ӣ֮Ӷ֪²ĵǸ˶ôĽӽȻһֱٴμһ죬Ҳֻ֪Ϊ˱Ů˶ٳֵķ²

Ȼ޿ɾҩذ˷²Ǹˣ

лǷǵʱ⣬һĻᣬҪץסҪһ棬ĮֻҪһͺãһͺá

ִŵŮӡڷѩ֮УȻĺۼô׷ȥ

ֹ֪˺ӣʵִţҲ֪ĲѾ֮һ޶Ů۰ѰүӵŨ񡣼ȻֹǾͰʵǸԸֻΪǸСһ档

뵽ˣ߲ɱ۽һỺ䣬ȥ

ڡǼϿ񱼵·;֮УһͰɽ´ͣҲ˲Զǰѩ֮ʻǵӰ

Ǽ磬Ǽ˻ǣӵݣ

Ķ̹ʵ֪һѷǰǰ˵Ѫ

ǣ

ӳʾɽϣǵӰǲ̬㲵֮ϣһ˿Цݡ

ʱǽнԶıӰƺĴڣͻȻعͷ￴һۣ

һۣúӣʵʼӿ죬ǲһֻСܡһֱڲͣȻ̧ͷǵĿײ

ǣǵĿⲢûУѾõ㣬ܼǵֻϣܹٴ

ȡ

һҵĿ죬ִÿʱû죬ֻӰʧڷѩ֮С

漴оһתˤȥѸٽڻ󺰣ʶʶ

һ㣬Ŭ̧ۿǰߡ³˲ߺ뽫ɽۣܼɽ߹С

˵գָԶɽ˫֣ش¡λ˺İıź

ѩԽԽ

ʻڷѩ֮УĲûʧ򣬵ȴЩء

ӻͷһۣʵ˺ӣʣǸ²ɯŮӣҲ֪дδװ¹ŮӵǶμ䣬ŮӣȴǶλ䣬Լ

쵽ǸɽͷŮӣǸŮʱһ仰ȴ˵㡰˸װĻ䣬ôͲǣȴΪɵġ

⻰ͻȻ̧ͷɯɯǵЩ£

ɯ֪Լʧˡʱǳصģƺʲôʹһ£տڵʵǴɽҾͼһУ

ӲĬС

Ѱ¶һۣ챾˵ʲôջûǸŮӵӰӣǸŮտһۣϣЦݶȥҲûʸʲô

Ͼһ棬ȷʵһ˾ϧ飬ɯʧԵһʲôⶼøԤġ

ӵУںӣʵֻе̾ŮӵĲϾҲʶСĳأֻΪĬı֡

оóصġɯѵǶλ䣬ϸϸ룬ӣʵľɯǺεȵƣǡУֻװеһզС߱ǿϵʹ࣬ȴȻͬġǶ֮ҡ

뿪ѩһƬããģ˼ټⳡѩʹ·;ԵЩ

һ·ϣƽʱҲĬ·г̷һЩ

ɫʱ򣬴ѩûֹͣ˱˼ֹ һɽڡ

Ҫȥ죬Ҫɽǰطĵ

ɽڣ⸽һһΣճ̶ȣҲǺܸߡһлѩ׺ϵ޳ûһǳȺ֡ҪСˣǵϡ

ٿЩ̫ɽ֮ǰܴɽڣѩƽѩԭѩԭϢɣ

ӼҲ˵˵󣬾ͲӿЩг̣ȳɽڶȥ    ں棬ҿü︽ǣΪ壬ʲôʱһȺҰҲҺǰ޷⵹ǹˣ

ƱʱشǣŮķѩҲһҲоֹŹ˼˵ȺҰбǻѩǸǿڣЩҰи޷Ŀܡ

Ѱ˼Ƭ̧̣㣬㻹ǲǵã磬һ壬רһʮײУϲʳѪ⣬ԷΪĵѺڽޣЩҰޣ᲻ǵѺڽı֣

пܣСɲϣҵЩе͡ЩɽڵλòԶСһЩͨ𾪶Ǿǣ

ǰ֮ʱĻȴεǻٶȳȥɣǱˣȺᵽϢˣ

ݣ

ţȼӸܵƱĲʱҲĽ֮ϡ

磬ɽмʱ򣬹ȻͼһȺжʮֻҵĳëҰǳ˹

ЩҰǻѩǣǵٶȲǺܿ죬൱ǿЩΪѲļһ

Ҫģǵݴһֺܿµı֮ҧһڵĻǸǵıһ˱һ߱ϵ֮ǿĴڡ



ӼԼٶ˦ЩȺԽƬɽʱЩѩͻȻֹͣߺһСɽȸһҵĲ

ӷɽڷλһڵ㣬ɿЦ鷳ˣЩԭֻǴǰڵĽɫǵĶ֣ЩѺڽ޵ı֡

ȣ˯ͷˣ˵㣬Ǹ

  Ѻڽ

λɽǧû̵Ĵɽ̨̤һƬ½붫򽻽شǧʼձڸһɴ

̽ɽֲܱԼ޵෱ࡣＴһ⣬һ׵ء

߾⴦ɽڡʵǽضɽһɽȣ˽̹ȡ

ʱֵѩѾͣϢһֲչߣĺɫִ˵أ͸ɵĴ·һƬѪɫ

̹У˻첻ɽֵĺһЩΪСݡ



ţһ죬ǳ˯ԶžѺ󷢳Ŀŭľ޺𣬻֮һǿɶ˳Ƭ ֮вͣػص

첨޺֮£һѩǾɥ֮ȮŴɽ֮бӣЩߵǣڱǲľ޺漰󣬾ǱһɿϮֽһ㣬ͷ˳ȥײɽڵʯ֮ϣһϢ

ӹȿߣͿԼһ·֮ϡһֻֻʬеͬȿֺصʳ˺ʳţ

Ѫզɽڵ̹ȣ·ϵĻѩѪȾ졣

ԽߣͿԿһЩӴţͷϳһɽʽɫǣһ㣬ֲľʬ塣    ޵ʬ壬ǱɱĵѺڽ޷ܲı֣

䣡

̹ȵʱͼʮֺֻڽѪɫǵľÿƶһȵ涼ʹ淢ҵĲضɽҡ

ھ޴ɽʯ֮ʣͼ磬ɽĿ񱼡ЩڽȻڲӵ׷š

ڶĺ棬ͼͷ֮ѱѪȾ졣е｣ѳʣܶУ

һֺֻڽޡӿնɱʮֺֻ֮ڽΧȻŮõʵǿڽ޲ǿƤëľ͸һ㣬ԡ

˺ɱ֮Уÿһն£ںڽϻһɼǵѪڡ

ȻЩڽ޵ѪƺûֹʱǵҲһɴſɽҰײ㹻һ޴ʯײ顣

նɱֻ߰ڽ޵ʬӸоɱЩޣɱ˻ˣۣ

ǸɴЩ˺ɱľսˣ·µЩڽ޵ʬ壬Ѫһ·龰

䣡

ţɽľʯͣţЩЩҵǰе·ϣЩڽ޴ɽʯĳǲ塣

Щ˶ԡȻҲܶЩɽʯƣǵҲҪɽʯʱ򡣶Ǿ֡

ɯ˰Χм䡣Ѱ·֮ͨʱһߴʯʱӼƱ˴һþŶǾʯĳײ

Ȼڿ񱼵ĹУʱ¡¡ıԽԽԽԽľʯЩһĺڽǾڳײɽڣԼ̤ش𶯣ܵĻѩγɵı飬Щ޵ıܣнš

Զɽڵѩԭ֮ϣʱһĻľ

ĸɫС㣬·صɫһ壬ѩһѩ֮һ㣬ȴʮɫӰһȺڽ״һĽ󣬴ڲɽʯڲϵ¹¡·Ҫɽƽ

ͣؿ˺һˡһɽ廬ľʯϴ֮УʼûЩڽ޵ľ롣

״üЩڽ׷ôʱ䣬ƺ֪ƣ룬ȥҲǰ취

ɽʯ

תۼһžʯ£ѡͼһ̧֣ᷳһתΪȭ󣬴һӴ֮ĲȭǻһͷǾʯݺݵػȥ



һ֮£Ǿͷɵ־Ǿʯ֮󣬱ֱڰ֮бѿһм һʯꡣ

ǿɶˡȥǳȥʹÿ˶ˣûеطϴ裬С

Щ۳Ū˸ͷɴһǴ̶ĵ죬ͣɽ֮лص

ӱ֮Уʱ۲ܱߵĻͼһɽ֮ϣһͻľ޴ƽ̨һǽ֣ƽ̨Щڽ޵·

˳ӵĿ⿴ȥСͼǰɽȷʵһܴĿճƽ̨ѾʵᷳЩڽ׷ʱǳɽ̤ĳ棬Ǵɽƽ̨Ļ壬Զסɽڵͨ·ͷͬӵ顣

Ӽͬ⣬ǰ׷ɯɯͬһƱٶȣӦɽ̤֮⼸ƥѩǸϣֻˡ

ӣСɯЩԼӵĿ⡣ķѩһԾһԾ

ӽӹɯڻһƱƱ֪ͨҪôǸǰ㣬˻һ֮󣬳ļƥѩһۣǱ㣬籼һٶȣǰ

Ѱ¼жȥѰ¶һ֮üĬشһԾ澪裬Ƿİһ㣬СǾԾƽ̨Ͽգ¡

ӣǧˣͣ٣Ҫˣ

һ֮Ѱ¶һۺŮ˫˫΢գһֻϣһֻĳ£һԲһĶ

Ȼ֮䣬ؼܵĳٻһ㣬׷õĴ糱ˮӿ۶ʱɽڴھҵĻζŮ壬ʱһΧ󣬻Ʈ

ǵĴǹ۵˼֮󣬾γɵһǿķ籩ֻǱѹģɿԽõڻûб֮ʱѴǿĻԣΧɽҡΡ籩衣

ʱŮ˫˫֮һĨ֮ǾֹһƮİգǹǿͳɽƽ̨Ǻȥ

䣡

Ůƺܹƿأǹ֮ʱǿĻԣԽ﷽Բɽ䴩

Ǿȷؿǹں䵽⴦ͻƽ̨֮󡣾һضľһ㡣ǿʼ޴ɽƽ̨иСֻ¶ޱƽпڣ͸Ȼɽ̮γɵһģһ    ¡

զ޴ƽ̨Ůи֮ʣһ¡ľ촫޴ƽ̨ڻɽڻ֮ʱǴһɽʯ籩ʯľ׷޴ƽ̨ɽڳޱȵ¡

ʱɽ֮СƱٶѾﵽļޣȴȻڼ٣ƺҪޣﵽһ֮С

ӴʱҲһѺСظܵһصɽʱ֪ɽڻ֮ʱľ޴ĻԣѣǾ޴ɽ֮¡˵

ڴزͬʱҲϵһϢƱڣάǼһٶȡһֱǰ

  



ƱٶѾﵽһּޣڼƴıܵͬʱʱǾ޴ɽ͹˴ľʯҲǵɽ

Сģ

ƮڰյѰ¼һʯɽȥһŵĶҪᵽɤˡ

ʱһĻˡ

ͼǾʯҪ䵽ʱ徹Ȼּ޵ı֮пʼ黯أһβ漴ٿһƱӰ˲ʧһ˲䣬Ѿһ֮⡣

ԣͻƼޣˣ

һֱڽŹעӺɯΣѰ£ڼվ󣬷һ̾

˲ƣ˲ƣ벻ͻٶȵļ޽ӵ˲Ƶı죡

ޱȵļ֤ȫ̺󣬴ʱҲ˲ȥɽ廬ȥסɽڣǴĺڽڵµʹ龰۾һֱضӵӰͬһ̾

㣬쿴

ʱѰʱһ

תͷʱɴ۾

Ǿ޴ɽҪɽ֮ʣǱǽƱƨɺ棬˦һξķѩ׷ƱĽŲ֮ʱۼСɽҪᣬʱһ˻

ʱҲһֱʹǣ⼸ƥѩ˻У׷зԾҲƺž޴ʹࡣ

ͼǱϵЩͻʱʼѿһ˫Сɵᣬѿͻ֮нչֻвһ߳

ɽޱȵ£ɽڳ׵ƽ֮ʣʱǷԾķѩڱܵĶ֮ʡȻǱɽڵɽ壬ԾɽȻɽܶףٷٵɽ廬£ȵ䵽һߵѩ֮ϣƱ׷ȥܹݷе£ɽ壬Ѿǵϰ    һĻʧૣ벻־ֵĻ£ѩҲ˽һСţ̫ˣ

Ѱ̾˿ȴѵ㣬ȻѩҲ˽ֻƥģȴɽ£

˵ʱѰɨΧǱпɽڴֳСڣȥ֪ǱߵǷһ˵

عҲ̾һﾹʤ̭ЩޣʱγǸһֻߣ߰ɣȥӡ

˵գѰƮڰе弱һ㻺ݶ£һǰһȻٴѩ֮ϽѵˮһٴηߣܿʧƬǽ壬ȴ׵µɽڴ

ڰ˱ɽ漰վֱ֮Ʊһ˲ٶȼޣٴγͻת˲ƶһҵľͣԾδ

ɯʱȻڲıӵ֫ĻղƱ˲һɲǣԼҪһקȥһ

ӻƽϢľ֮󣬴ʱɯļûˣ

ӣղôˣҸо˳һÿ£ɯο԰һЩѰʱв

ʵƱ˲ʱָоһΣǴԽ֮ʱ걻һʱ˲һ 

ƽϸϸ˲Ƶĸо̲סһѪڡ

֪Ʊһͻٶ츳ϵļޣһβ˽εĽӵ˲Ƶı졣

뵽ɯϸһƱ

ͼƱ˿ĺҺ֮УһɫǱʱѪһϴ裬֫ӵ岷ļ⺵һ͵

ңԭɫëڱ÷һֵɫĹ󣬾һĹȦһ㣬ǶԾӨˮһı鶯·˿һ۾Ͳ뿪ߡ



ܵ˵Ŀ⣬Ʊʱյӵߣǵز˲壬ͣҡŶ䣬¶ȴӾЩȽ֡    ʱƱͻȻתȥͼɫӰѸٵسɱƱŷһ˻𣬲ǰɫӰӭȥ

ŻȻףԭƱղ¶ڵǷѩİΣʱѩȻƱ飬ȻҲ

ͼƱӭȥƥѩΧƱǣ֮У¶ŨŨ

ԭƱЩѩ֮䣬Ҳĸġ

뵱ʱ龰ƥѩûиϣȴŸ˹֣ϸƥѩ漴ͶǲһԽСᡣ

벻ѩҲΣ֮У˽

첽ߵƥѩǰӽĹ۲ǶᣬȻֻвһ߳ңҲֻйǼܺͱ֧мɳĿռ䣬Ǹʱ򣬷費Ρ

ʱѰҲ̸˹

һܵƱǰŵӣһ˲ôӵģȻ˲ƣ̫ˣ磬ˣҲ˲Ƶģ

ȴҡͷǸ˵ɣƱŽҪӦһʱ䣬Ҵ˴ĺܴɫҲˣǻҸطϢһٸ·ɣ

ţҲҲա

Ѱ˹˵ȥѩԭѩԭҲһЩ޴ڣղŵǶɽڱסҵڱжϵɽ䷢һɽǸɽйһɣ

ףãôûоиɽѽ

ѰµûнɽɽǰȷʵûɽӦܷģɽǸɽ¶˳а߱ʯͷţȻǷյģӦòʲôޣӦ԰ȫһЩ

ЩȲ˵ȻӺɯû£ˣٻȥɣˣˮϴͺˣ

룬ΧǴģɽ廬Χ޷ݶӦҲˣ˵ȷʵѩԭϰȫ࣬Ҳͷͬˡ

ǣ˾ǣٴλصǸɽ廬󣬱µֹڴȻһŵɽ

ɽλеƫƧ˹ȥ˿λҲߣһԾϣڴӦ۲һ¡

ĻЩ룬ҲЩȣⲿÿüƥҲи֮

룬ӱγǰߵʯ֮صĻȱڣ漴һȭȥһ¡죬ڰߵľʯ̮ȥ

ں󣬾ȲȽ˶̽ȥˡ

ѰºɯںȥƱƥѩҲԾǶڣڶڿĵطſϢٴγ˶ŪЩʵӲݣֺһЩָҩȥƥιʳ֮ ְʯͷס߶ں󣬱ҲѨȥ

ҮҮ̫ˣ

ߵѨһʱͻȻһ˸߲ҵĻ֪ǷʲôǼӿЩ

ѨеҲʮֺڰ

˸󣬾ͽ˶ѨߵʱͻȻ䱻һЩλ۾

۾Ӧʣ˶Ѩ֮еľ֮ʱʱɴˡ



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Ѩ档ʵһ˾סĵط棬׵İ衣ԼһЩȥϡŹֵĶ

˵ʵûʲô֮

ȻЩɽĶ֮ϵʯͷȫһɫˮ͸ɫʱͱˡ

һȻԺǰЩѧ֪ʶ޷ͣѨﻹһصţӴʱëŵĿС

ѨЩɢŵԻ谵һžʯӸǰҪִһʸУǲıˮʯ

ӣҪӡ

֮࣬Ҫӣѡ

Ȼӵߵʱֻһ֮漴̮ȥһѷм

ֻʣӵ֣ӷֵĵط񱻶סһ

ڵǹһǴ󲹣ڵʱͻȻԶǷһ㣬ƴɹη

ܿأͱһգɽ϶ϡЩϢѸٿʼ׳󣬺ܿ㷢Һ̬֮ڵһָֻ

ʱҲعоͺܹһǴ󲹣Ѫʢ棬о档

СĵĴ߶۲ţʵô£Щʯİ̲صܱգ

·Ѱʲôʣһ۵һôãסĵطŶ

ҵȣӣ漴룬˵ϵ˾סɽ

Ȼûֹͣ̽ˡӦһյңǻԵɺд˳ڣ֪İΪʲôᱻС

ҡҡͷתۼѰ¶һŹֵȴǲһоɯǶƣһıǰ֪ʲôǾʯںܹ⻬һ澵ӣӳճǽԼݣǳˡ

ǸͷԵӡһ飬бһۣİᱻ̲˵кġ龧ǡⶫǿ޺ޱٻޣ⡰龧ǡĹأ

龧ǣʲôӺ

龧һȻһҲģ̺侫ܱȻǵκգӶһνһҪã    ˵զӣ۾գգ͵ӣЩڴ

𾢣Ȼ˵ˣʵʲôã

û˵ͻȻ¶һɽ̬֮ٳٲڵͨ龧ǡһǬתؽ̩ĵ֮󣬻˥ٶȣǿﵽʢ״̬ղġ

û˵ʱʱɯѰͻȻ˹ɯϲе㡣˵Ƕפ䣿

ѰµզС˼˵ؼʱܰôż˵ɣ龧һֱȾŲĺĶһȻפĹЧҲޣһλʥһʮ꣬ôһλؾ޾Ƕʮ꣬쾳꣬Ҫʹ龧ǣҲ˵һλ쾳޿Դﵽһǧ꣬ǰǲɱ

ӻȻ֮ʵ龳֮أ

Ѱ£龳ѾλСЭٴӵ ʹڻиģҲͬӳǰỹǲɱ

龳֮󣬾λףǳôȻԻ󲻽⡣

꣬

զ֮ͻȻ̲סͿЦΪ龳ͳĻǱСˣĤݣһᱣأ

ӣֳһμʶԭΪ龳֮ͳأڿƺȫôһ¡

ҲپӵסôʲôãȻ˵龧棬ǿʵǲҿϣþֱõóȥҲǻԼ鷳

ŮȫȻɯȻ׾ǿʵһפգȻͬ顣

Ѱºʱȴͨ죬ɫԵеΪѣ֪ʲô

Ѩľ趼еľĲףӹ۲һҲзһЩߡ

ѰʱѰºڷͷקȹǣʼʲôǳѽ⣬ӵôˣ

ûû¡عЩתͷ߿ѰȴԵýޣһۺɯȥˡ

ӾЩĪҲûᣬѰҡ

ӣѽ

ʱɯʲôʱһӱ˹ȥͼɯվһˮʯǰʹˮϳ

Ӻ棬Ҳϸˮ˳򣬷֮󣬾һխĿռ䣬ʯڱѷ֡

볢ƿʯڣʱֽеҪʯڡ

ûͣת첽˹ʵôƿʯڣ

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Լмʮ֮ʯЩ쳣ӳˣֹˣٵѪˣ

ɯӵָٸҩѰһѵ

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ʱȺҰΧһȺԶƱƥѩΧ룬Ͷģһƥߴ󣬼ѱЩɷϳһֻǵ

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ʱƺûƱ֣һ˻֮󣬱ͷϵļǣƱٵسȥ

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ͨ

һ죬Ʊһߣֱ߷ڵء

Ҳʮǿֻһĺ󣬱˳վٴǼǴ˹ǴüǴʱǾˣƱƵʱͻȻֱӵ㣬صƱ˹

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Σչͷ֮£Ȼƽ⼸Ϧദ֮£ƱǻӦòǺ

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һ죬Ʊǧݷزȵ֮󣬺ƱֱӲȷڵء

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Ʊģ

ӿһĻҲΪƱкãʧ߲ȵΪ֤ǿ󣬲ˣޣѭ

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ӼƱſ죬һһ־ƶ£㽫ǿŵͽƱڡ

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ʵһϻֻ֮ǵһЦŮһۣҲ˵һϻ龧ǹȻͬ룡

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һ촫Ҳڻع

ӽȭͷջأȭͷĻ־ʧ֮󣬴ʱͻȻ䷢һѣһǵѰӸоƺҪޣһ뿪



뿪֮ʱͼһɷΧĵ棬ͻȻǹУݳһԼСȸߵĿӣԭЩǱСһ㣬ɢǿС

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⾳ܰǧܱ֮ǧɼ˵ںһʱӵǬ֮Ŀԣ֮ҲԵЩ԰ףοҪͺüεĸ֮档

һλɾͶʥһ½ʥȻһЩģɳľ;ǽ֮·Ǳɳͷӣȴر𣬸޷ġ

˵һλʥһλͨʥȣôǱڵӰƾ֮µĳɰܡ

ս飬ıĻҲȱԵλʥȫнɱİա

ӵ⾳֮⾳ںʥ־ͬʱǣԼʥ

λһ⾳һλʥͨ⾳չǿһ档

ϵĸ֮ʥ⾳ųʱ⾳ѹ֮£ȻԵúȻɣƺǹ⾳ƵģһҪѪĳ嶯

ҲףԷ˿Լĸ֮⾳ΪԷӵиۺĵƣ⼸ϢĽ֮УԷһֱûͷĵƳֵֻ棬ޱȵļɵƣмܡ

ৣ

βĽӰʱٴϮֱֱӣÿһӰĹƣһλǶȣǾ˾ϸļ㣬̵ôľ裡

졢׼ݣ

ȻﲻͬͨıУͬеİԵԣڽϮ֮ʣӸĻһޱȳضԵų⾳ͳ׵Ĵ϶Խķʱ׿ࡣ

׹µǣȻǾһֹɫβһֻذ⾳ϵĽ౻֮ǿϮ

⾳

ϴ󾪣ʱڶԷͻȻǿƵͷų֮£Ľ౻ʱоǹɱ֣ǺǺµһСǳǹɺƴ⾳֮УһײʱһƬս

£޿ӡ

ȥǵôȵ׹֮ʱֻ棬һһʼûŪ׵棬Ǽµо걻⣬ļҲ˲䱻͡

ҲǺ˲䣬Ƕǲ£·Ⱥ譲ʱŵȫһ֮У˲佫ϵǵɡ

꣡

ݺݵϵƣһɴݿ֮ƣƿԵЩ԰׵ķ֮󣬰ķâϵһű۰ԲٲڵĴأҲһĹ֣Ƿһǿĵ

һλʥʥ弫ǿһֻǿ˶Էĸ첲ûնɱҲڳ֮УϾʥΪвˣǾͲֵӷųơ    ӷų⾳ĵƣ｣֮ϿϵļԴ˲⣬Ȼû顣

δջؽƵʱһֻ֣ʱתƣһֻȼķͷĿݻȻϮǹ֮ԣϮȥ

֮¶ӰϮʱʱȴ¶һ˿Ц ȭʱͻȻȭΪץһ˫ֻû֣סϵȣһ֮ϵ壬˲ʹϵѸȼ֮档

ϷԼǹճϣѸٿʼȫɢȼѪϢʧһۣ֪ɣʱͣȼĽӲ˵һ仰Ϸ򱨵ô˶ˣ

˵գ㽩Ӳأڱ֮ȼһ˿ѪϨʱϵܿ㻯һ߱񣬻Ϊм

ӻɱϺûתʱһզӰӱ˹

΢΢࿪ͨһһˤĽ£ֻʣʮ΢ϢѮ    ʱɯÿ˹ϻһ˿ɷߣӣǴҪɱ㣡

û£

ûᣬɯѪ߰ߣǹѰ

ɯһҡҡͷⲻҵѪЩԴҸ۵˵ģһܣҶסܺ۸Ҫ͵ϮңߣҪ㻹лҪʣɱ

Ӱϵһ˿Ѫ漴תʺһնѮͷ­

ʺӼѪ˵Ժֵˣֱɱ˱ǣʵûʲôʵģɱҵˣҺαҪԵɣֻһ顱ҪôұɱҪôǱɱ

˵Ҳɯ͵ס졣

ӽ£Ĵ˿ΧһƬǽ壬Ҳû˼ȥЩ漰޹գǸϿǣȥѰ°ɣ

ɯסӵĽŲӣ֪

ӳԶһۣؼ䣬йɼǿԳʮ⴫оŲʹâţǶѰ˸ǿĵˣ

ǣǶӣ㡱

˵ˣѣԹۣȻ˺ǿֺξ֮У

Ȼˣһȥ򲻹һ Ҳûźˡɯһᶨ˵

˵ţӴڣĹƱ˲

ʱȴͻȻתɯĺѨһ㣬ɯ˿£˹ȥ

ɯӸƱûƣʲô⣬ؼҰɡ

˵գһݣһһ㣬ѸԶߣƱǼʧӰ˻һ󣬱ƥѩβȥ

Ұɽ

ԴһƬ֮УΧıѩڻ¶һƬľȼ

ʱɽΪƽأľʯɽǽ壡

ǵڵελţһܴһУҵشϢţѾЩ֧ŲסˣÿһѾԹȥãǼ־һֱһ˿־֧š

ܵȥƴһ˿ҲҪûŻȥ

ǼԺ֮һ˿֧ǿ

ʱͷϿյǿžŲ˴ݲеĹâ֮䣬һɹͨǾŲ飬ٴš

Ѿ㣬Էͬھ

 »Ծ

С㡣Ǻαء°ֻǷ¡㿧飬¶λС֮£ٹʡӦСκҪΣ

̴ʱȥǵѪ˿ɫЩ԰ף̲صټй˼ҪͬھսҲˡ

ԣս֮

ŲĿģܻʥɱȥһֽѵ£һűǱˡ

С㣬ǫã벻ҪҵͼޣȻӣĺգ

ˣ

ʱͻȻ˰̵ԣȻǹ飬ֻͷ֮ȴһĨĹâ

̵ѴＫޣҪԪһֱһֱǿȡ˵Ԫά֡

رߵˣѾλˣֻʣգһֱṩԴԴϵԪϲҲطܵõԪ

ʱԾŲƴһսҪʮİնþŲ飬ڴչ֮ʣһ֣յͷϣ׼ٴԪ

ʱյͻȻһĨĺ⣬ڰеĹ⻷ݵͷʱϵĹ⻷ͻȻһɱǹ⻷ǿĹâѸٱ鲼ȫ̵Ϯȥ

󵨵ūţұң

̷ƽʱΨΨŵŵ˾ȻֹͷϮдŭɡѾʼתǲǿжϵģڲܳ£Ѹٿή

վϮ뷴ڵǰԪбŭɱҲжϺսήĺɱұūš

С㣬춯֣

շֵ֮ظܵѾɱҲ֪ƴжϵĺҲҪɱľǱһ

ֻҪɱ갽л

ű֮ʣƴһ檵ļ޺󣬴ʱŲâ·͸һɹӿ֮䣬Űɫ䡣

յһѣ߰ʹûɾ˷ɡ֪ˣоҲɣѸɫľһɾŲʹâԼҲͶУǹһǰĿ֮ƣ˽̻ȥ

ֵ˹ͷѾ˲Թ˵ıѣڱշ֮ʱھĲϴյķɱѹʱѸٷų֮ƣӭǾһ

ſ񱩵Χط·һαһƬ֮У쾳ľѹƱ֣ǴžŲʹâľ֯һʱ㷢ҵս

䣡

ֻĻƴ֮䴫춯ء

ǰķ쾳ʵĲ࣬ȴ˾Ųֲģֻս֮УÿһʹĹƱ֣ܱӰ죬ʱȴҲڿʼ

ʱϵĹâӵĳңķȰųֺ󣬾ǿ˼֡

ʮֲжϺήĽ֣ʱȶŲɱյͷ

ڻĵĴ󲿷;ƿ֮ʱͻȻһ˻һѸٴλصڣ뱾ںϣʱԵƣһҲصغϡ

䣡

죬һѪˣǷסһû

һûɱ˽̣ʱҲ֧Ųסصˤ䵽ϣȥǿžŲ飬ҲŹ䵽ߣɢâ

ȻɱңǾȫȥ

Цţʱͷϵ֣ȻӾˡɡѹյķһֹ̱󡣲űɵһԪʱͻȻʼѸţ̵ڡ

մʱɫһƬң֪ȥ׵ˣ

ѵ³ֻ·һ

̴ʱЦţһνȨץ֮յԪһҪͽȡ˾ŲΪУȻٺúһǰԵĽԾõŮ˵

һ뵽ЩЦԵЩŤϵĹ⻷ӵľң˵壬ʱҲǼ˷ܵڲš

Ȼ˰һĻ֮ʱһͻȻϮ̵ЦݸȻֹɫ䡣

䣡

Ż֮ʣһɱҪ˵嶳һɺ嫵⾳һЩľս

ȻĲʵ̫⣬ǹϮ֮ʱڼҪƳ̵ķ֮ʣȴͻȻ

̼״Цתǰ治ԶһλƶССӣһмߣСӣֻ˾Ը𣿡

ˣǼӡ

ˤ֮ʣбŭ֮ʣųԼĿǰ׶ȫ԰ʵʩ͵Ϯ

ֻǽ֮Уһλ쾳ǿߣȻˣԷķȻһλ˾ʥܹƳɱġ

ȻѻʯĹҲ˶̱͵ϮȴûлֵһЩԭˡһһֹķɵĹô˵вжϵġ

뵽¶һ˿Ц

ɱôþֶյʱ䡣ǿжɵḶ́Ȼ˶ơ

ͷֻ⻷ֵ֣ʱһ̧֣һ֮˲ƼԾȼš

֮Сӣô֮棡

̱ڿЦţֻСϲмһ˵ı飬ڿеǵּ֮գʱ֮УѴһ˿꣬Ȼ֪֮İԵֲ֮

ӵٶȲֻǺĹ򣬱ѸٽӽգȻһ˿Цݣ

̵ɫ仯ȫ׽УȻ˼֮棬ͻ֮ĥĲôжĻɵĹ̡мֻġ

λѣԲˣ

Ѿ޷ɵ֮󣬵˵һ֮ĵ֮ʱӵľҵ

Сӣң

ڰδʱȻһԾȭȥ󣬱֮ǿдյ֮С

ڣ

֮ڽյ֮Ѿ޷ֵʱȫѪϢ֮ȼȼ

ȼյ֮棬ڰǿֹɵĽ֮УҲһװڵԪڡ

䣡

֮汻֮󣬰ۼҪ˻ɵḶ́ȴСƻбŭɱ֮ʱȴȻڽĽ̡

ʱʱѹס֮ɵĽ̺ĻҲѸϮ



ӽ˻ᣬٴڴһ֮棬ʼƲ̵߽ķǻϮ֮ʱ˽Ϯȥص֮ܵһǿķ屩ɣײһɽʯѪ

 ٰĴ

֮ձʵ̫ӼֻǸɺ˶̻ɵḶ̌ȴʼ𲻵ʱɨһԱߵĻԵѰ£⡣

ʱֻǿϮ쾳ĹƣоϢԼͷ·һֳ֮޷ѳ

ֹͷҲ˲ʲôʱٴų⾳ֵͬʱ֮棬ҲѸٵı鲼ȫʱһȼɫĻˡ

ǻҪǿϮɱӵʱ򣬵ŽӴػӵǲ֮ʱ򣬾ʱýڵǹɱѹƵֿ֮ʼʼ

̼ˣд󾪣ò˻ĹƣǿѹǹŰ֮档

ĹƼ֮һûиӴĴˣһײһɽʯ֮ϣɽʯײúȻ顣

Ѫ֮ƣҲ˲ƣ֪һǧѷĻᣬܷŹþеѸվʰŲ飬ںһֱԵȻѰһֱǻٴϮʱþԼȫеӡ

䣡

һɿ񱩵ľ죬ӸܵǻĹƷΧܵĹУһСԱ߻һԱ߹ǻʯ˸顣ǾʯϮȻβרһЩоʯϵĵشұУÿϮͼߵЩʯĳβʱ׷ױѣʯɽ

Ϊ׺Ĵվƣʱ򣬵ǿ׷ϮȥһҶǰʱǰ¡

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ֻڼҪ䵽ʱڻˣûа취ٽʱһ֮ңԶ䵽ϣѾʼ׹䡣



ӵ׹ʱͻȻһ˻֮תͼĻƥʻ

ڼʻʱƥѩʱͻȻһչǶᣬܵ±ʱһݣĴ˳

ĸãǷѩӭķӼ״Ѹٿƺ׹ķڷѩݵ·֮ʱӷһ˦ƽطŵ֮ϣ漴һƥʱһתǰһֽѰ·ŵƥ֮ϡ

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ֻûиƥȥѰºͼʱԼȴȻѸٵ׹䡣

ʱΧͻȻһŤӾ쵽״漴һתͷͼƱͻȻ·һƱɣݵмֻһˤ䡣

ƱʱѾ˹׹֮ʣ㽫ӽӵ˱ϣ漴˻һȻʼ׹䣬дʱһƬƽֻǲƱΪʲô׷˹ɯŪȥˡ

ȻΪҪƱһͬˤɽ֮ʣʱͻȻоһŤƱԼ׹ĹУƱӰͻȻ俪ʼã֪ô¡

ƱȻø׹֮ʣ˲ơ

ֻգۼĹ򣬵۵ʱ䣬ͼƱɽ£Ȼ䣬ֻһҡ

ʱʾ壬нؿšէһأʡƱĵѵӴʱȻȵ䵽˵֮ϣȻڼٿ񱼣ǰ֮Ż٣һȽεĶڸͣ

ɽµʱǻû׷֪ʱ˳ʱƥѩѾȺˣӼѰº붼ల£˿

Ʊʱҧӵ·еڣӾͼɯʱ˯ڶУƱ޵ûƣǸɵƯ

Ʊ˼ǣ˻һ

ǰ׷ҵʱ䣬ʱߵУɯϵѨλȻһɯתѡ

ӣҪңҪɯ֮ʣʧޡ

ӱסοɯûˣߡ

ɯȫѹʱԼӵĻʱͽرסţӣΪʲôôģΪʲôҪң

ɯ²˳٣ǵҸȫĵطȾѰ£ԺôҶУ𣿡

Ӱο˵

ɯԣֹס˿ޣѸվǸϿ߰ɣ

ӳ˶ڷѩıİȡŵҩƷѡһɯѰ·£

ɯӹҩ̽̽ѰµƣƽȣҲأ΢΢㽫ҩѰ·ȥ˹ҩ

Щˡ̽Ϣʱʮ΢ҩʱιȥһͽҩԼУҺҩȻǷ׵촽¡

˹ҩ⿪ʱٴ˹þٻضں͵ĴϢ֮󣬽Ų鼤ʱŲڿʼת

֮ʱ㽫ɯѰ³һǾ뿪

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ɯʱҲԥ֪ʱƱҲģǱѸƱкƱٱܿ׷ӵĽ̡

ӼѸٱ⴦ɽ֮˲ıĹ

ʱһӰͻȻ֮ǰڵǸɽӰʱֲһҪߵİ̡

һ˿Ԫ˺ܴźò˻ɣ;ӵƻԪʱѾڻ׷ʱҲʼѸٵĿή˥ϡ

ڴˣ˽Ҳû׷ɱӣֻ˻뱾ѹ֮ŰԪڳ׵֮ǿҪֹҲڵõòȴѱһ꣬оľĿݸ

⽫ΪԶһʹ

г޵ǣڣһ֮Űǿѹš

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Ǵ߾ƶĸݣ͸ţڶ￿߾ѩıѩԭĻ򶼱Ƚ϶ӣʮֵĺ䡣

͸۹һ˿ϡ٣İմԴΪһɽͳΪ۹

ѩ򣬱ǴƱݣϵĻͿԵݵؽ磬ڴƱͬεĵش

ǧҰ̣ɯʻããѩݴϣһֱ˿ݸʱ򣬲żһЩ⣬ӶҲһЩƫƧӡ

ļʻ·֮Уһֱתһֱǿ˶һɾϢһֱάš

ѰµѾʼתȴһֱʹиǼУʻѩ뿪ݽ֮أҲܼһЩ̵ĵطʱҲδͣ

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ȥϿɯӡΪʲôҪȥǸطһأһг͢һɲܻʵ֧ȥᰲȫ𣿡

طǰҶԣȽΣա˵ﷴطˣȫ࣬Щҵĵ˾벻ǻȥ

˵ţʲôͻȻ̧ͷɯɯ˵ʲôһɲܻʵ֧

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Ŷ˼ɵЩʲô棬ڹϿնĵطʲôĿģҹϿ֮Уܿ۵壬ѵЩĺ᣿ʮɻ

ΣѰºҪȻŹϿķʻȥ

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ЩưܵĴϣ˳УԵʮֵ壬ż˳£ҲɫæΣ͸Ƶģ±ʲôⷢ֡

ʱһ׳˶ڽϿһ׿ٵ߹ܿͿſڡ

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ڲҿ˿Ƚţź󣬵ģ˳ôҳȥǳʱ򡣲Ƕţ

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ڲ˰˵дǨ붫ƺЩע⣬ǵҲˣ˴½ԴŴǰӦһ˳

Ϳֵ꣬ȴѾ˰׷Ҽо˼¼ҲԵò࣬ȴȻʢ    ԴϴͿʷصΣҺϵİ⴦εңҪ뺢ȫңʹͿѣȻȻԪˣ֧Ѿ׵ѪϾ

Ϊһ֮ͿαͿϵһһİΣȻն֮УҲʧϡ

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СһǣҲȽ϶£֪ͿżΣҲһߵ֮Ŭ

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ŬҲʹ΢΢İһЩٲʧȥϣ

굱Уһλ꣬Ȼûʮֿ̿ÿÿУڲͣ߶ʲô

꣬ǰ֡

ͿԪѲӵʱܼ߶ʲôǾʣֶ㲻ú߶ʲô

үүҾһĵþȣܿͿԳȥˣӴһǵģһὫЩɱģ

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ͿԪ޴Щˣŵֶ˵ӻ⺢εˡҲ˵ͻģֶǹ߶ֶ߶һ£

ʲô£Ϳ

ͿԪ޵ȥŸʱ򡣱˼֮ˣӵĸܽߣྸһֱȫ׷飬ȴһֱ䣬׻ƾְѼ°ĿʼϷתƣһֱûص֯ഫ鱨һֳĬ״̬Ϸ񶼲ôʲô⣿

ͿͿ˽ѡ׻ƾҲûκεĶֻ½ɱӪ䱸ӪѡЩӢǰ֧ԮҲǱҿôڱͿϣ

Ŷô˵

Ϳף룬ྸһֱ׻ƾ֯һˣڻڵţǱлʵۻػţĿǰҰȫ

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ʹǴ˴صϮҲ˷ʧᣬ޷һЩʰˣֻҪױǾֲȡκεжྸʱûа취ôǲô档

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ӲŪ̫ĶŵʩһֻǺͨһʱŮҲȽһתְγ͵סһ



ȻֻǺͨһ뽣ƴŮһʱ弸ȥ

Ůûб˱Ƶ̶ֳȣŭһ飬ƺһǰС漴䵶һΣܻطһ˳ӻӳ

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ʱʱɯһߣ˼䣬һզŹֵľƣɯӹ󣬱˹Ӹ첲ӡȳȥɣˣŰʩ

˵ţӵĸ첲˶

˶ɯӵĸ첲һֱߣӲصɯҪȥ

ȥǼඣɯһȸԾ̸˵ȵˡҪȥʵǼǵģһĿˣѡһܴĵطǷأ

һĿڣӴ󺹡

ɯȴͻȻͣŭС죺˵ԺģѵƤɣ

ãã˰ɣһΡ

⻹࣡

ɯһЦݣĸ첲ȥ

صɽеݶ˿һԵñȽ˳ɯһȻżޡЩȴ޷еεš

ɽȵܴԭӺҶڵǸطȵԵ

ɯİĹȵСһֱߵɽȵмһߵʱҲڿɽȵȫò

ɽȺɽ֮䡣աЩİһйɽȵϿţȺɽ֮䣬ȵݺύɽطҲֲũҲСϪк

ݺύĹȵܱߣľӾǻľһڹشһţһһ׽׵ɽ˹ĵ·ϱֵĺˣһһʯͷɢŹʧĸо

̧ȥйȵģһټĹ㳡 㳡һԴĵãΧӺϱܱӳյıȽϳӦþǹʵˡ

ӲףﲢûиһֹɭɭĸоΪʲôйȡ

еЩŨСĽҲ˿մϱߣ߰һ֮ɫЩ԰⣬ٲȻһȺɽ֮һСͳС

ǲݵ·ȥ·ɯΪİףʹܱ߸˶ЩСӾ͸ƨɺ棬еŶŶ˽һк¹

һ·ˣйģģҲġ֮˻ȻЩ峤졣ҲֲֵģϰΪƺԵúǢ

ˣӶ䳤ɫѾ൱Ϥˡ

ӡ֮Сڴ֮Ѿ ӾȻǿ˼λиֳ඼мͬˡ

ЩԵ;޴󣬾һˣͨ˵һƤɫһͼ֣ǵͱȽϴ촽ҲȽϺݺܷͻģӿЩª

ЩȻ޴СҲȽϳªȴܸһֺʵĸоӡͷɵǺɾ¶ֲݡ

Ӳ֪ЩЦʲô

ʴܴԵúܿİ٣ͼһЩڵ֮ŶӣÿŸľơ

Щǰ棬ӣϷľ򣬶ѵúġǰһλߺһλС߸Ӽ¼СӹЩ˰µеľƣѰʲôԵþȻ

ÿųɵСгж̡ע⵽ÿеˣͬһ壬ĴֻĸˣҲųһӣû˻

ɯ󣬾һףҲİףһλӼһ˹̸ºͣȣҪǼǣ

ǵģɯͷ

꿴ɯͻȻ۾һԵЩʧ񣬵ָǡ

û꣬һɯ֣ȥǱŶӣ

ţɯ꿴ҲԵüȻ˾͵Ǹ档

ʱعԼʧ̬ˣ˹λ½ȵǼǵģҪŶӣ

˵գһɯһʧ

ɯԵѿӵĸ첲ûŶӣȴһλߺһλСڵϯ˹ȥ

ϯǰһλߣ֮ͬǰǸŮͻʱһͬģ˹ȥʱǸ߳ӵͷЦЦһľơ

Աλཿοɰ˫۾СʱɫȴԵЩߺߵһľơʵڵǼ֮ǰǣ֮УÿֻͥܳһƣǵǶ˿ɵǼ޵ĻֻǼһɣǻشǣ    

ӣ

  

У

䣿

ʮһ

СſС죬ȡ

ʲôޱص

Ŷⲻ㣬壿

壡

ιк壬壬ĸ

ΪʲôͲк壬㲻ԸǼǣžǣ

㣡СĹĵصӣԱߵȴЦɣǼǺɣȷʵǸˣ

ߣСߺߵؾľдãʣ񣿡

ѻ飡

⻰С͵͵Զʱʱ͵͵һۣɫɳһĨϲɫӽʲô

ɯ

ԣɯšһѣӵɯѰ£֣

Сһ⻰Ŵ죺㾹ӣɾ

ޱ顣ɯȴСãôʲôǼǺ𣿡

ɽȴתͷԱߵߵϣȻӣôѽеĹǲȢôӵģ

ɯȴǲصСãǷˣУѵҪɢɣ

ӣԲУ

ʱ߽һλߣ˵Ȼùͱ밴ȵĹֻܵǼһҪôµǼǣ

Ӵλߣ룬üĴһǱŵ۾һӡǣƤЩࡣʱʱɫԵ࣬λĳϡ

ɯʱȴǲⷽòӴӦѰ¸ͷȴƻɵλϡŮѲ֮УһŮһͿˣ

˵ʲô

⻰λߴŭһųΧʼˮƺҪɯס

ɫһɯ󣬻һ䣬Χ¶Ȼ½Щˮʱһű

λϼӾȻҶԿ鱩ŭŭһٴμǿˮѹǹؾƣЩϢ

ͷ޼ɵҲûֹͷŭǹѹƱ£ʱҲ˲ˣȻתȭͷգʱȼһɳޱȵ֮档

֮棡

λ߼֮֮ɫ䣬˿ȻһƣصӣСӣ㲻֮ˣô̳ĦԼ֮棿

һƬȻЩ֮˾ʼ

ұ죡

λһȺоһƬ

ʱλϯϵǼǵĳǶ˹

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Сʣڡףλֵʥ֤֣       ӵǼǵλϣڴϯվɫؿߵϣǲȣˣ֪Ĺȥ㲻Ҫ⺢ܼ̳ĦԼ֮棬ҲǻԵȻᣬΣ

λϲ˵ߵߣеƣһۣתӣ壬Ϸôδ˵ϻк壬㵽ʲôˣоʵʵϷ򽫲

ϣлʵ»˽飬벻Ҫȡ֣

ΪϣϷȨŪʵ򣬾Ϸ򣡡

Ǽǳ촽˶ȴ֪η

ЦһûᣬȻӣϷ֮¡ȻҪŪߣȽԲݣСӣ˵ǲ˵    طȴȥѾ˺ƵˣھȻֱ˻ɶľٳȣʱҲŭˣͷһѪӿ

յȭͷûɿľĲʱȫ֮ȼյĸӵĳңΧ¶һ轵ǺΧЩһʵӵģʱɪɪ

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ʱҪȥɯȴֹﰧ󣺡ӣҪ

ЦѪʲôǸͽҲǰѪȴ޲֮£һȻˣΪ˱ⱯٴηϷֵܻѱ  

˵գϴʱԵЩŤţе츳ź󣬴ʱпʼɫˮ飬ÿһˮ飬һɼǿµ־

ˣģȻ֪ΪʲôӻᱻԴԭϷ͸㣬ʵһѪ֮Ѫ治֮СȽ㣡

Ǽʱ̲סеķŭһ䣬ӰһվǰͬʱҲųԼ⾳һɻߵϣ֮С

ǣһ仰ȴ׵ķ

ʱλ峤Ϻһλ峤ͻȻ弤룬룬ȳѪûǰ

λ峤ʱԵøǱŭͻȻǴһЩɬģҶ֮ѪΪ֮ѪˣҮҪɱ㡱

˵ţλ峤ϴ̤һ·ҪƵġ

ϼ峤ϵŭⱻɫһ䣬֪ģһŭѪ״̬ûֹһλϴʱǰֹҮȣ侲ǧҪ³ç죬ȡ

Үϸź˿

λ

Ү˿󣬾ͼǴ壬춯ʱʼʱָԭ״ҲԵƽ

״е˶ʱ˿

ʱҲѾƽֻǶԼλ峤ϵľٶԾúܲ죬벻һ仰峤ϼҪɱޣеˣȷʵŹ֡

ʱѾסˣɢ

˰죬ջһĲţɴ۾ǰĵǼߣʧգ㡣˵ѪòƭϷ򣿡

ʱһλ峤ǰϣ¹شȷ⺢᣿

峤ҮʱƽĿޱȻȵؿӰ죬ŻýżգȻɬԵϣķԣ֮ѪѾˣ˵⻰ͱóӦ֤ݣ

ʱ򣬵д󲿷˶ΧҲΧſڣЩǵļϣһЩˡ۰Ͱ͵سš

ձڶ˵Ŀעӡ֪¾㲻빫ûа취ˣתޱ飬ʮƽӣίһ£˰ɣ

ԣͼ˵Ŀⶼ۰ͰעʱҲƽһƬĵġ

Ѿչĵزˣӱ㽫ºֻֽؿڣȻӡŰµͼһ



ϵͼ󣬴ʱ˾˿ͬ

λ峤ʱǼ˾˵ϣߴﹾ߶һЩʱҲ׷һƬ߶Щһ

Щ鵱УϿͼȴૣǬͼΪֻһ룿

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ˣʱתģģѾŪˣ㻹ʲô˵ģȻѪҪΪ֮ѪĺȢӷ¸࣬ҲΪξͲԴҵ꣬岿䣬ŽŮӾ壿С

ͨ

ʱͻȻͷϷ֮ѪЩɴλϰȵĹشҰɣĸԸܷ

յȻˣԼĶȥ˼ɣδ»ҵ飡

ʱ֣һǸ󣬱˴ܿ㲻Ӱ

ʱԵúеľ߹Լӣ򼧳յϣЩ̣

ʱվһɫЩŹֵλԶ㽫˶ɢ˰ɣȥ֪ͨλϵ˳ȥҽнһ

Զ£ɫЩؿɯһۺ󣬵ӦһȥɢΧˡ

Զı飬λϺӲ׽̾һŶһҵȥɣ

ڴĲžĵһӣأֻڷżӺͼŴӣӽ󣬼ȼ򵥽еļλϡ

Ү峤ϣӷž֪ˡ󣬼ֽһλ峤ϣи¼һλ෢峤ϣгĦ

λϣЩģŮġ

ֱܼЩҪʣʱͼʾʹӴС˽Ҫʱֻǰ˰֣ºŶӵλѾûˣϢ죬Ȼ

Ϣɯһϲлȴڰֵ֮ͣҳݣֻϣԽշ£ҪĻٲǣ

ҲٿףȺţһֱҪ̣¼λϣ

ֱ˵޷

ӵ֪ΪνйȣȻǸȿռ䣬ǸλǲǶ󴳽ģûгȥİ취

⣬ĳϾ˳Ĭ֪Σ½ æ ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķ

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еĬ֪ʵզһ㡰ҶǶ

ȵĴڣضʷԭġ

û˵ӼҲһĬͽ֮ǰ⾫һ£ʳĿǰĵһ⣬ôܳȥ

ڳڳ

գʴ˳Ĭľ棬ӣˣΪҪųȥ

ҵļΣգȴȥԮȣһЩԭұȥ˵գͻȻŹʵ⣬ؽ֡ҵʱ䲻ˣС

أ

ⷬмһڳɫأ

üͷɫ̾Ϣһÿһصĳ֡ζһѣһδ𰡡

ⷬ̾ϢӶȻʲôʵλǰѲȣϽܴسֺ󣬴Ĳ

ڳҲܺ棬ĿͶʡ

˼Ƭ̧̣ͷҵ游Ƕʱڵشһصĳ֣ƬĴ½ϣֹʥһΪһΪȣһΪظݽǧʱ䣬Ǵ½뵽֮еռϢ˽⵽ʥйӦ֪ˣ

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ȻʥΪα׽ѳ״˵ڱһΪ֯ӦĻǲǾǼʥظʲô

ʵͷ˵û䵽γһͨ䵽򡣱γһƬİڤǵظʵһƮɽԭ֣ãΪɽ

Ȼȱ䵽ģΪֳⶫ򣬲ҳһн޳֮أ

ʵֻ֪һ֪ʥʵһզƣʥȣڤȣǵظеܸʥû֪δ쾭оʥ󡣷ʥһЩܣΪ֮ɷŴΪһƬĵܹԳһ塣ܱй¶һЩ죬ʹҲɱ֮һδ֪򣬾ͱ˴˻    뵽Լ˽⵽ĹǴδһЩδЩжǶδǰʱڷ飬ӵˡ

ȵĿڴʱڣɶƮʱʹعҺɰ˺γɵģʵǸʱѾ⵽һȺɱΪ岿ľ䡣ΪǣǴӸؼǹԿϣǾһզıʱۼڱϵĹУ˹ŻȺİΧӶ֮кû޵ȵΨһһڣʹøˣڴ˹֮УоͰҵ游񿴵еĸ壬ǵʱ켰˵

ʹ˳ڣôԸӦϣİɣɯ

ʵͷȷʵˡƾ޵ķ£סǡʱԹʱȷʵɹ򿪹һΣһ˳ȥȥǹ׷ɱһζԳʵʩһη£Ǵη£Զ֣ԪˣʧأȵĳڣҲ׵ƻֻܽܳ

أӵ

ʱɫҲԵЩЩϵɫࡣŹʵԹ

һĻӡƷʲô֪£ǹϵˡǸˡ

ȻѾ˵ˣȻԹҲԼ

¼Ǽÿ𣬶˾ԹƽȻˡεͬˣǵ¾һɣ

Ϸ׷׵ͷ

ɨڳһۣʵڵһӳȥһУһЩǱ׷ɱ·ʱֻصģǶҲϸĻ㱨ǳڱ׵ķ󣬾γһСҵ游ҵĸ벿һǣͨŬ˶ʱ佫ڴͨ߳ һʱҲ˽ʱ䣬ڴͨųɣʱ򣬹һλ꣬

˵ʵɫԵü临ӣڳǵɫҲѿɯѾͷĲ۽ǵ¡ɫԵʮΡ

˿λ֮ڷܺѧΪҲֱϷǸ֮ţŵӣڱѧִҶѧñһĽˣʱһִ쿪ͨķǾԣЧȻʮǾһ״򿪳ڣϴͨ󣬻ûüȣ⵽һعȵǹϮǸԼ󣬾ǹٴν¶ ʹȱĳɹ֮ºǵѵԭ˭û뵽СŮŮ֮ĸкͶԹԹ޵ӡ

ι£ипȷʵһ˸̾ı硣

˵ŬŴͨȵĳڣܾЩʵʣһûҶԷ

Ӱ룬ȼȻĴ½ϵʥܹת򡣲ԳǬһ֮˵һզȿռ䣬ôһռϵ

֢֮ռı仯ֻҪҵתĳֹɡŲҪǿͨһиЧķ򿪳ڡ

뵽ӵðһ䣬úַͨµĳڵģͨУʲô쳣仯

ЩؿСӣЩʲôڱûʱͨڼʵ㻹ǶЩȵɣ

ɯʲôͻȻ廰ǰʵǿ󡣲һܽ⣬Щʱ򣬼һЩڲͬ˼ǻۣ˵ҲЧһ뵽ȵİ취ģ

뵽һ££ʱҶǰ˵Ҫ򿪳ڣʵ⣬ܽһЩҲϣģҲ˵ǶŸһоôЩ˵ǹؼ

Ҫ˵ͻȻڰ֣ʾ⻹лҪ˵ʳĬӼǰ˵ڴʱڣȵĶ岿

ʵǣĸλϣǵֲĺ

ӵǵµļ壬ǵ岿ĺ

ЩȴһͷˮӣЩʲôǼϣȷʵǵʱ幫ѡڴܻʳʱڣǼûбڹȵһЩ֧Ҳǻ壿    ⻰Щܣ岿еǼǬ컯ڹ֮У

⻰ڳڳϾɫһ䡣

  컯

컯ʵλǵСǡԶĨĳ衣

ʱ±𣬴ʱĸϵɫԵü临ӡ

ػԣøҲ֪ĹáԶǵеʥڷڸ֮С

ڴʱΪֵΣ֮ʣӭʱ컯ǹ֮δЯĻ֮ʧҲЩǱڹ֮һֱڻһ¡

ʱɫЩݡӣӣǬ컯к⣬ǲ֪ЩǬ컯ߵôҵ游ʱ⽻ϳеǬ컯ϾҲ֣֮Լһֱһֻ峤֪ܣǬ컯ʧ䣬ҼϵܣҲ㲻ʲôܣҲ޷ÿһ峤棬ֱһ峤̳к󡣻ȡֲ

Ǿ˵ھڵ۾һ

ǣ

ʱͻȻվǷ׷һ㶣֪Ҫʲô

ͼʱֿʼ·ЩŮһ⣬һŹ֡

ɯȴͨ죬ӡ·

ӾһԻ󲻽֮Уֻʣ̿档ҲûѣǽԱһͻ𣬱ȽԴذס

Ҫʲô

ɯذףȻҪȥʧɫͬʱҲǴ󾪣ŵôһҪǰֹ

ֻûüֹͼѾ䡭

ɯһЩ˹ȥԱһλŮȴǷЦеذοɵӣСҪ£ǻֹģþţ֣

ϼһȥûʲô쳣֮ҲɫɳЦС׽Ūˡ

ֻǣλϲžɳ˼֣ǿȡ¼ŵ֮˵۾ɴˡֻʣµһƬš

ʱʹٺõľڿϵļƷʱҲ۾ɵôģĲ˼顣б˵ˡ

ϣȻʧԾõǬ컯

һֱǽռǬ컯ڶ̿ڴղŵģذҲֻпڴȡӵľٶѡ

ʱѸٽӴã̧ͷͼ˵Ŀϵӵɴ۾һգգҴһԵһƬš

һӣ˿˵ӣһǰǧ֮صһ岿м񵽵ģú󱲵ǰѰʱתҵСһںؼɽзֵģһҾ˾ҵģټϵµǼ岿ӣǬ컯ȫˣֻһһöָֽ

࣬Ŷ࡭

ʱҮλ峤ͻȻȥֿʼ߶һЩĶʣ漴ͱϵĶˡ

ͼϵӵУһʱҮλ峤߶ЩʱͻȻЩͼųһɫ󣬲ʼ

ӾȻзӦˡ

ӻ̾ʱʱӻһɫ⻷İ֮Ʈ    峤뼤߶֮УʱڰпʼתǲʱͻȻûһͷͷһСʹ  ҵĲ˵Ҳܵһɿĳ׺˫

ҮϳʱھҵĲţ߶ᣬųһɷ·Ҫٵذ֮һɫĹâȫͼʱһͷ󣬾͵سҮ˹ȥһӾͽҮȵ֮С

໣

ͷҮȵСʱҮȳһͼͷ͵ؿʼҮȵıûҮڵҲŻóͷȫǺϺγһ塣

ʿһĻʧ 鿪ҮϵھѵģȻһֻ컯֮ޡ

Ҳǵɴ۾֮仯Եü䲻˼顣

Ƭ̣ҮȽ컯֮޻ڣϵĹâȥ󣬾ͼյʱâҲڰȥʱ漴һӰӽſȱڣȻɵҮȵϿס֮󣬱ȱڣҮȵϡ

ҮʱվӸǰٴȥ߶һЩ̧ͷһɬ֮Ѫˣ֮ʱʱ׼Ϊ

ӲϰЩ뽫Үֻͷ̫ӾȻҲֻӦŵҮȳϣҽĳ⣬ɣ    ҮţŴӵ

Ǭ컯ȻܹӳҲһĵ飬ӼѾҮϵϣͽϵһֻλϣ綼ԣܻܲӵ飿

λϷ׷׻عɫԵúܼ

ʱ¼Ͱλ׳˹¼һϵش˫ֽӹǹӺ󣬳ŽעӺȻ˹һЩר

۰Ͱ͵ؿ˰Сȴ¼ӷκεķӦɰ¼ʱͷѾʼðˣֻǲ˼£Ҳû˷ӳ

ʧˣ

¼ͣһʧҲûټԣ֣صؽ˰ȵУСһ°ɣ

ȽӹҲͬķһԣҲͬʧˡ

ɫԵЩȻ

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¼ͷȥпǰһԣ˵ţš

ʱʣλ峤ϻûԡʱĦԱߵһλŮϵϷ˵ҲֻŮȥһԣ

ԱߵŮһۣˣ޼仹˵Щ

Ҳûн飬վ߹֣ؽӹ컯ӣͬ߶һȻעһʼԡ

ʱע룬߶ĹУӶʱϵһɵɫĹâӰ

أ֮е鱻ʼʱͼ̹֮УһɫӣһС磬Щӻ۳һԲ󣬽ǿССʱʼ׳ɳɳΪһ硣

컯鱻󣬾Ȼ컯֮ľ֪Σ½ ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķ

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տ컯컯ľҲƤԻٳԾǰҮϿʱ컯֮޵һ컯֮ľܴһֵȻܰ͡

Үͬǣչ֮ûԶϣĵɫɢȥ֮󣬾䵽ġ

ӣֽŻصϣʱȤųĦ೤ϣҲԿɣ

Ħȷص£Ȼ飬ϷԣȻʧܣ

롣е׹ʵ˼ǵ೤ϡһ°ɣûʲô仯    ȻˣϷԣ

Ħͷ˹ϵؽģͬķһԡ

ǣħȻҲܹ飬һѵ龰ͬȻ컯֮ľ˻ʱųĹâȴͬǵɫġĦǵɫ

ʿһĻ˼ص˵ͷƺ֤ʵеĳֲ²⡣

ʱ¼һλʳȣŨü۵˽ӽ֮󣬿֣һ

ӻ¼ÿӹǹԡ

飬ҲĻЩϵ߶¼ЩעʱԵúܳеΪ̵ĸо

ﻹǼҲ˳Ļ飬һɳɫĹ֮Уڶһ鷽Բʯͷ

鱻֮컯֮ʯ

󣬿Щֲȥ¼ֹͣչܹ飬ǺοȻҲûԶϡ

ӵ֮ʱתʣ忪ֱ컯֮ʯ컯֮ľ컯֮ޣǰǷʲô

û˵ͻȻһţ˿Ǹһһǻ֮ʡ漴ͼһӱлƮ˳

ȡ֮󣬹ʱһֹŹֵ˼䣬Ȼע֮УͼӶʱһɫĹǹ֮Уһˮʼվͱһˮ顣

컯֮ˮ

ӳ˼ʽŵĸ̲֮ص飬ľʯˮޣĶ֮ԭʼĶҲڲϽеһЩҪԪأܾãȱЩҪĶö컯䵱У

յȱʲô

컯֮ʵ

⻰Ժ֮в뵽һǰ֪һЩͻȻ̧ͷλǰСɲԴȥǹȳڵĵطһ

ͻӵ㿴ʲô

һĻӵ

ʻȻһ뵽ʲôʱ۾һ컯֮鱻ǱֳԼ˵⼸벻ã´ǳڣߣھȥ

˵ţʵɫԵЩȲһ

һҲԵЩܣ漴ϡ

ȵλ檣ߵ㴦λȺɽ֮䡣

ʵϣЩµγɡҲֻǹȵ󣬽ĵλӳеģǴڵģԣȴǲڵġ

·ϣĸܾڴˣΧľȷʵʵģɶԣֻǴһռ䵱УȴһͶӰ

Ҳ൱ڣˡͶӰôһطͬĵط֮УֳƣȴȻͬ

򵥱ͺñһҲһͬһϣؿռá߶ʵϡһ

һ

ΨһǴµĵĳһԵλãԽǸߵʱ򡣾ͻеΧԽڰԽߣǹ֮ҲԽӵŨ    һֱͷʱҪѲܿΧľ¡

ӵ˸ѣΧһ¡ĵЩرǳڸһСԱ߻һЩϡɵľһ濴ͷɽڡ

ӽΧ˻ΣӾӦϣǰСԱһִĲθУǱ˹ȥ

һߵǸλú󣬱ӽ͵ǳڣȥΧһθҲǿңҪȥ󡣾ͻƾʧ˻ʱСڹУÿ濪٣ѰҲθнλСֻˣֲθʱʧǱǰһξ룬Խ⣬ѹͻԽһ˸Ųס

ŹȥǸһֱǰߣǰѾû·ȻǰӦǲθԱһּѹĸʱʱʧ˹˵ǰ

ڽһص֮ͨкӾϣӷֽͨһʵģȴţ·ԶûֹߣͻоһЩϰ

ֻܽˣǰͻܵһɲεϰһɹãоЩʡ

תȥʱܹúϸ·ڸǰ߼ʱͻ֣֮ᷢľ뻹һΣӼСϰٲ󣬵ȸоܱߵǹɼѹĸоʧ󣬲ŷֳλãм˵λã͸ûз仯

ȷʵǸĿռڡ

ڤ˼һһʱҲеͷִһЩάռӽо۲ڣͷ

ԱߵļյǰΪͨڣǼλ渽ϲһʽȹסǳͨǹȻλͨлǲθнǿıϣЩǿСʱܽСģҪƵľԾȷҪ֤ǲθֻʱʧĻͻᱻһǰŬͰ׷ˣôͷ

ˣɹŹֵ˵մ˵⵹Ǹϰ֮

յ˵ûԴϴǼºϣ֮󣬴ҶԴ򿪳˼ҲˣֱڣȥѾνˣһЩСǣᾭǹ

һϣȻһʱҲûͷҽɲס⸽۲죿

̫֮أʱãһЩƤļ֢Ҫʱ۲оǾڶǴºĿյشǼ䷿Ӿסɣʱͨ˳˵

ˣЩɣڣºƽʱ֮ƽʱϲ˴ţݽ֣ͽĶǼһ鶼Ϊ꣬סżе㶯֣᲻

Ħ⻰ʱ˹ǼϼһǣǲκԹԣҺ¼ȥȥ˵磬Σ

¼ͷȴתۿ˰ȿһۣȻ⣬ һȥɣЩ˵һЩǺãᡱ

ʱһ¾ôˣһӦ˳ְɣ

˵Źǲɢ˶ȻȥСߣʱС˵ӣ̸̸ӵ飬㲻Ҫ֣

ԣȴסˡ

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ûкĻҹܱҪüĴǸܲʱš

ڼյ£еǺġЩĴǣǰߺ󣬿ʯľæŰӸǷӵʱܹһɵǺǵĺЦݡ

һӵæ´һأһĿķܿ͸ǺˣеһӦߺöȣҲŵʮܵ

ڰٵʱȻܲ⡣

ϷŲһ˿ǳ֮⣬Ĺ⻪صĿռΣ䡣һѹֵĸо

ӻǵһ֮жɹûǳ⻪Щ̫Ӧĺҹ

¸ǵᣬļλɽĴûʪаһʵһֵܷʯͷҪ͵ƣҲԵñȽá

еİ趼ǼմԼ͸ǵģһЩǸĹеԼֲʳһӦȫȷʵҵӡ

˼ңɯפ󣬾һֱϲصæǰæʰ͵С۷䡣

պˮԼЩ;ߺߣвһЩִһЩСҾߺɯʰӺֽЩСҾ߰ڷźã˿

һ߷ɯ̺ôߣͷļϣӣʰˡԺȥλӻסɣ

ӻعסļһƬֲָĺڰɯϲȶ𣿡

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ȣҿĺܺгûйĶǡûӣһͥҲ׷ԡǹ⡢¹ů⡣ȻЩʱȥĶȴһһּ򵥵롣Ϊ룬ǧһһȻǷӣ

ɯ̧ͷӣʲô

ӵ룬ܲ˵İšԼԼգʱСһЩѾܹԼʱҲŷ֣һʵЩѾź˵ģǱѩ֮УȵľЩ֮УԽԽķֲʶԼĴڣΪĳЩʷʹڣԭЩ׷󡣾ͱһ룡    ӡҪ룬Ϊ֮ܶ;жͿֻҪŬܷʵ֣ѾҪˣ˵Լ飬۽һһֱģ

ֵɯִҪҽѰºѵΪ㲻ΪѪĲĵ׵ǸΣγҶĻΣ

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ҲѩרһģսΣԼʹ࣬ͬҲ˴ȥʹ֪࣬ҵĸ׵ôϲȴΪӣȻĸ˵Ļʹ࣬ȻĸײϣҲδǰ¶ʲôĵףȴһֱһϵ˿ڣ

˵ɯӣֵ߷¡

ɶλϵĺӣʡҾÿʨڼס񻨶䣬Իȥ֮һֱ͹ĺܲġ

ϲŮӻ֪ġΪҶǣǵĮ飬ȴθУΪץס㡣ҪôϲŮӵʹȡҵҸҲֻǽڱ˵ʹ֮ϣ֪СǡĮÿʱиܣ

Ѱ½㡣ǴáҲܰǣɵǽΪΪʱѾʼ־塣Һ᲻ΪҶǣֻøʹࡣӣѹҲֻԼҸȴǻʹ֮У

סȥ۽ǵʪ̾˿̫ˡЩ޷ľʱͱѧ˵γһֽѣ

ǣҾͲѰº㣬ҺðǣҲǹòġȻӦңҸȢӣͱܡҲŲжԽһ鶼ûУ̹ǵʱͲΪƴߺߣС

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Ƭ̣¸ǵҲû˵ֻз޼ܶˮ֮ʱǳǳĴϢʣҴɫ

ڶɹһʮĺҹ

Ѱ±ӸɯӴӹҽн˻ǻڳ˯״̬ǵѾȫָӷ

ѰµľҲžģʼڤ˼оǹȳڵİѰİ취

ǵ¾ӴǳڵλñȽϽٴСʱͼ뼧ϣԼĦλ϶Ѿڽоʲô

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˼ӹͣѰʡ

ȴλǰƺŲϰߡǾֱӳƺҵְɡ

΢Цŵͷ

ŽԼеļг˵λǰȵİҹܳӦʱ䡣ǿ

յ飬ǵδǴЩͷˡҲ֪ʱ伸ΡȷҲЩй㡱

ӵ ǹУоͨ㷽ǰʱģ

յ֮Уȷо֮ͨˡҵĸ׼ˣһɳ©аҹʱģ

롣ɷݷһǰЩ󣿡

ʱգ㻹Դȥ˰ɣ೤̽Լɡ

Ҫ뿪ʱͻȻ뵽ʲôʱ˻£ȵǿһ顣뼸ǰο

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ӵӿռйأ²ʱҲйӳĻһжʵģ˽ɳĹɣҲǺбҪģզʵ顣λǰæ

ʵͷ˵ɳĹɡйоȵĻҲй̽⣬Щصݣ㶼ȥ˽⣬˵⼸ʵ顣һһȥ׼ģ

˵գʵȻҪʵ飬ʲôʵ飿

ӵŻ𣬹ʯ    

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˵סڹʵϴ      ʵլԺһֱɼϵھסǹ ҲͬסլԺ֮С

մӽլԺӾͼĸҵӵԺͽСģԵúܺ棬

ʲôרԷ

һװͰ͵Ůʱ𣬾ͼʱԺӵһ˳һۣһתȥ

ǼͺͯĲ

ûἧ꣬ھʱЩĹȻͨ²ǲ湦ԱߵļգϡǼĹӦøйذɣ

Ȥر߱ߵԼã

ӵ֮Уɵˣһֻеۻߵһƣһ๦Ļǲһƽġˡ²⣬ⲿӦϹŴġʥ쾭ɣ

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Ŷǵ֧ϵҲ⹦

յڴʱǵȱڹȺЩ֧ϵԽԽģѱòȱȫȱȫĹð󣬾ͽ˴ĵһ֮⹦ʧˣ

˵Ĺż˺ԺֱӵһʵСǰãһߵɣ

Ӽһ棬Щӡ󣬼»һΡ

Ӽ󡣼ЦǺǵصӣϷʲô£

΢΢а裬۵Ļһϰڷŵһܾµɳ©ɳɫģɢһɵĹʱϸϸ죬ɳ©棬һӡŴ

˵󣬼ţֻЦ֪еʱʱĶӦϷ֪ʱǺʱ

ӵǵıȽʱȻ꣬ʱʱ

󣬱㿴ɳ©һľϻ˻૵Ļеʱ䣬Ҫĸ̶ȣʱ䡣ĸʱ    ӵͷ˼˻ĻеֲҲĸʱռ֮еݱɣͻĸʱս϶һֵı仯ϸĻÿʱӦĸʱʱÿһϢʱ䣬ӦϢĲ

뵽ӵ۾ͻȻԺ֮Ѹһ飬ʮܵͷ

ЩȲǰһҪ֤ʵһ룬Ͳˡ

˼˵Ӻ󣬼տӵɫ죬ʣӡǲѾʲôµ뷨

ӽŲȽϿ죬߱ߵЩҪʵ֤ʵˡϸ֪ȷеݣٸ֮ǰա

ţҲʣֳԺӡ

ǲŵſڣʱ׷˳ȻҪʵһЩϷҲܺ棬ɷȥ

ȻԡӦһ˱ڵĵطȥ

ߺ󣬼ʱĴԺмҲ¶զСԴ˳ܺ棬ȴһװͰ͵ĳ⣬Ͷȥȥˣ곯Ӽȥķһۣ漴Ȼȥ

ٴȳǱߵСʱͼλҲ

Ĵʱż֪ľͷмʯԼҪĴ˶ ɵǺֳЦ

ӳǼ顣ӻӦ˸΢Ц벻Ǽ漴ԴԵúܼһƲ⡣

ʼӴż뼧ˣҪ׼ĶѾ׼׵ôʵ飿

ӵȷŰѻ𿴿

˵ţü顣ͷľ۶ϣĸͬųĸСѣȻһѣȵȼ˵һѡ

Ǵѱȼӹ۲£ǻٶ΢΢Щ漴ͽʪľŽʱһŨð

漴ֵȼ˵ڶѣͬķڹ۲ȼ󣬷ʪľŨ̡

Χĳǿ½ȼĸѣȴһֱڹ۲ʲôԵЩ⡣

ڵĸѵȼðŨ̺󣬼˵ӣĸðȼʱЩڿоҪͣϢŻῪʼɢлʲô

ûнͣʱ˽ʯǷڲͬλãÿʯˮȻֱÿʯмˮùˮϸ۲ЩˮʱˮҲһϢͣٵ󣬲ȣ

Ƿʯʵ飬˷ֱվڸ߶ͬĸãÿпͬĴʯͷȻ󣬽ǰһϢʱȺ˳´ʯ

ʵ֮Уӷ֣ͬʱ´ʯ߶ȣʱ䶼ȵ£ЩʯͷʱȻһϢµȺ˳ͬ

Щ򵥵ʵ֮󣬼е˶Եʮֺ棬ŵղŵļʵ飬ֻ֤ʵһ﷢Ȼ󣬻᲻ʱ죬Ǿʵ鷢֣ȷʵڲ죬죬ǴһϢʱ䡱

˵ʲôأСղص

ȷʵ˵ʲô

ߵСߣһѣŵˮ棬ֹһ۲źѵӰı仯ֻ»ѣֹ۲»ӳˮϵĵӰŤȣЩӰ˲̶ͬȵĲθС

нЩͷʱٴν뵽ǳڵͨһĲθУֵӰĲθУ֮Ĳ𣬾Ϣ

ٴһЩǸǿҵĲθУֲһЩϢǰԸоһǿ

ʱųһֵǹǰһЩ󣬾ͳ׵ıס޷ǰˣ˵ǰͱһţǹͨУθʮֵǿңһŤĲ

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ȴʵ֮УλǰʹϢ𵴣ɲҪһϢɣ

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ʱͻȻ˹˵Ӳѣǵһ£游ǵǸԱͬھȴûгɹħ˵Ůˣͻַ

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˵ͷǵģš    ҿɲԼŮˣʱ廰ʵ

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ڹߵȺɽӴһķ϶ǹΨһһأΧݲϾм̤

ڼʱʱǸܿʻõƤСŮڹĴ档һκ׽Բصʱзط﷢һεĶѨ

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ǼؼУ͵ЩҩִЩʳصУŮιʳֻǲŮ󣬾˿Ҫɱ꺦¾ǶѨ

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Ӵˣһпо͵͵źóԵȥɽȥ棬ǸǵŮƺԼҲû˵⣬ѵʱ򣬻ָ㼧ʮˣǸŮ֮Ҳһݺ΢С

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Ϸ׷ֹȥ񶴣룬ȥ˰ɡ

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ζо֪Щ͵͵ȥǵ飬类λ游֪ˡ

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ǣڳǵǹ֮У굥ȥȥ񶴡

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Ӳ֪ŮʲôҲֻͣͼӶһƤ³ݸӣϣ

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Ҫ㴩ʹôϻС㲻ȥǡ

С㣬׽ŪҵĻҲ⣬ǵЦЦ㿪𣡡

˵ţӾͽƤϡ

էһһܣһЦû֦Ҳӿֱˡ

ЦãɫĮûúˬܽ޵ı֣е㲻Цˣ˾䣺ûҽɣ

˶󣬾ͼһŰɫʯͷһߣɢŹвûбʰĺۼйɵζ˱Ƕ

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˵濴عȳڵЩеˣӵΪʲôʱûɱȴ

ʱͻȻСͷһͲ㣬ߣ

ҲԸ˵ҲͲʣǸж    һӾ͸ܵһǺϢڶ磬ë׶ʱſһֵһϵĹŹָо

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ߵһߣһʯͷһȥ֮ʯͷӽ˻ᣬҲǰһʯϹţֽžŵŮˡ

Ů˵ͷѩף𣬷һֱеϣɫԵʮֲ԰֮⡣ԵñȽᣬüĴǰɰֱͦȻڱĶУҲûòɫ

Ů˵һ˫ӣһɵâͫǴ̹ǵĺ˿һۣз·Ҫ뺮֮еĴ

Ů˵ıɨϣ굲ס֮󣬿ʱ࣬һɳƵɤСˣ

꿴ǵɫȽƽ˸ܵﲢû⣬һЦǣֻ㣬㲻ɣ

ʾ⼧˹ȥߡżͷȴһ˿ЦݣǸˣιҪ˵Ǵܣһûϵ޲ֵĳ̶ȣ

ǽƺ൱ã۾գգվһ߳Ĭһۺ󣬱ʵǣЩ벻ףָָܲܰ㣿

˵ɣ

ԥ£ڵǡѪ

ԣʱͻȻĬɫ粻ڿʼ任ϵ˿Ҳڿʼز

״֪Ҫǰףʱʧɫǣ㲻Ҫ͵ûʹ𣬰

껰û£ʱǵͻȻһƬ Եʮֿɲŵü꾪һˡ

ǵ֮ͫʱϢҲʼ٣ΧŵһҲÿ̧ͷվһ߳Ĭ֮󣬾ͻȻǷ˿һ˻ɱҪɱ⸺ˡҪɱ

ǣҪ

Ѿ˿ȥһӣ㻹ӣɱģ

ʱȴ˿δվԭأѾܽʱֻм£΢΢

Ƿ֮ŵѾ쵽˾ͷֱֱģ˵ֻʱȴѾ޷ǰǲ԰׸ɿݵ֣նһ˺ץϵʹ࣬һֱشţҪɱ⸺ˣɱ㡱



  

һӿǷʱ飬ʱ󺰵էΪʲôûɱֻǽˡ

ʵҲһ˺ĿŮ˰ˡ

ĺһƽ͸ʲô¶ûзһ

ȴԵúܲģ޺˵ι˵Ϊʲô¾ͻᷢѽԹ㣬Թ㣬ǲˣ

֪ԭǻҪʲôǷɱңȻţʵΪס

ͻȻһΪʲô˹ȥȴûɱ㣬ȥأЩҪңӵĿ죿

Ҳ֪

Ҳƣ·ʱʼ벻ǵΪ򣬻ʹоãӦòǼ顣

ȴҲ֪ʲô

˼֮ʱѾ˺£׼ؼʱȴ껹ţתѾˣ㲻ˣ

󣬷־ŵҸˣϹһΣݺݵۣ˭ϡ㡣Ҫȥµģ˳·ѣߣ

ǺҲ·ġ߹˰ɣ

Ҹˣ⣬ң

ʱɯ˳˼һۣ΢΢󣬳ͷ󣬲ŵӣнչ𣿡

ҡҡͷҲû˵Ʋ껹۾ֱɯڿҲûɯļ򣬵ȽݰɣѰº𣿡

ɯùŹ֣˼һۣҲ͵ͷŽݡ

Ҳûиɯ˼СһǽݵıӰ޺ֹ˼ת߿

һתǣײϣвˬҪڵѼ䣬ۼ˺ȴɻص磬ʲô

Զɫæ뼧𣬱֨֨˵Ŷûʲô£׼ģȻˣǾһͬȥɣ

ʲôһɻ

̵ܽļС͵ȥ棬Ҳˣʡ

ȴǰŰɣŹֵؿżԶ߱ߵ磬ôﲻԾѽ

ţͻȻʲôͻȻתżԶе磬òᣬ

ԶЩΣÿʼں˼룬ǱһסС죬ã㲻Ҫ˵

ǵʵǸһļŸ һͼı죬Ҫǲ˵ߺߣ

ԶһΣãֻʶһ£ɷˣҲͻ£һЩᣬԲ

һȴС죬ȵصżԶ磬㣬ôǺô죬ⲻǹ˺⣿

ö˵ǰ֮ʱʱһͳͻȻڸԵЩȻǵлҪ˵

ʵͳöд˸ͻʱһۣڶС    ˶֮󣬾ͼʱվһʯǰǰڣǣ

תȥ񶴺Σ

㽫ϸ˵һ顣

ʵͷµҲһʱǵıΪʲôᷢԭҲȻûе⣬Ժ̽ſ᲻¶ʵ飬Ĺ𵴵飬ô˵Ѿ뷨ܷʵֶԸܾͿˣ

˵գתԶɫȴǳԶ͵֮£Ҳϣ´ΣμסŮǱ˵ӣҲ һε뷨ҲˣҲĴ޴Ǽ֮УٴĽ٣ҵ˼

ףԶӦصͷ

ģǼһӣҸղųʱˣرҲƯһ;úϲŶ

ţȴεͷֹ㣬ϷˣҲ΢΢йһʧ˵ĸ

С죬Ĳ˼飬ڣΪʲôܸľ   ̾˿˵ŮˡŮ쾭ҵʥ쾭ߵѵ˫ް£Զľһ磬Ȼ޷Լ֪ΪʲôһסҸôҾ¼ЩӵǼ˴ŮƲסԼ˽ȥһȱҰ

˵գʿżԶ֣صǸס֮ѪĺԹűͳĴ½䣬֮һλ峤ʮֿأз紵ݶʹעģѾ򳤿սˣ󼧼ӵܣƽκ˲ýӽ벽˽µӴŭ˼λϣҪȶֵĻϷҲסǣ

ԶЩҲ֪ԣȴҲǸӰӣһʱһã

ʽЩУ̾Ϣ˵ľѾˣȥչذɣЩʱգջֻӭȢţ

£ӾС

ɯֱ࣬Ѱ³ȥ֮Ҳƥٺ˻صС

ŽݣɯȲضһӭԵúܿģӣ࣬쳢ζôǳ˺ܶأ

ӽӹһڣʱһŹ֡

ɯ֣һŵصζôó𣿡

ӳЦЦһζѾܲˣ´ǧϣȻͲˣ

ԣɯͨ죬ͷΧȹصҼסˣҪζãͱ˰ɣ

ȴһе඼˶ǣɯæ˲죬ֹ˿ĵЦݡ

ޣ˭ҳԵôѳԵĶҪˮ

ʱͻȻһϤ

ɯһۣ΢΢һ漴ɯһ ܽݡ

ͼѾ˹ڴϣܣԵúԻ󣬼Ӹɯ˽ɫԵЩϲ漴ʹӴһץסɯС֣еɯãôʲôطѽ

ɯԵúܿģ֣һЦ㣬ڹ֮Уǻ˺Щˣ

ȣһʱɴ۾Եò˼飺ô

ǣɯȥϸ˵һ顣

֮۲Σ֮ʣͶһƳǺɯ˵Ǽǵ飬һʱصͨ죬̧ͷˣ޲ɷ

ֻ˵֮ʣȴ֪ʱڴϵѰ£ϣʱҲΣ֮¶һ˿޷Ц⡣

ɯ˵𣬵׽ѳʱȴͻȻɫŹֵص˾һǧ꣬ǳڶ򲻿Ҳ̫˰ɣ

ȴһѵ֪ķ

Ժ˵չãιˮȣҺɯбĻҪ˵

ͻȻһЦɯȥһܡ

 һ ʥռĿ

еָƽǧʱ޷⣬ʱÿһЩСʵ飬۲ΧĻ֮⣬󲿷ֵʱ䣬ڳϵΪ

ʥĴһֳУÿһο˷֮󣬾ͻбȽԵ

Ҫ˷ľǹ֮дڵһϢӳٴθС

һϢεĲкôб׶ˡ

ôǿӶʥãӵ¯𴿣࣬ڱ仯ϣӡԼ첨ĹһϢڵĲθУһֶݵĵӵǿ

׶ˣȱһȻԣǳ֮ͨʱּǿҵĲθУ˸оһ

һܹ˷ЩϰĻΪʮԵġ    һʱʥǴøǿ󡣼ͣѴӳڵĹɡ

ʥɵľ磬ʼˣǷȱһЩһֱڲϵܽᣬȴһֱͷ

һգڻµĶѨ֮Ϻʥɵǲͷ޷չ֮˶Ѩ׼ȥʡ

ųѨûм֮оʹһӣǲŵƿ

Ӿź󣬱ǹʵǾڵ֮

һʯ̨ϣӼ֮󣬱̹ԵЩӶʥ֮ʼһЩ޷⿪ţ޷ͻƣǰָԽ򣡡

վߵһʯڸǰʯڣ˵˾֮УԼѪ츳ȵȣӰɳĹؼأ׶֮УһҪƵ֮Ҫ˾Ҫܹ˾֮еĶںһ壬˾׶Ѫ֮еǹ⾳ôһγɵʥ壬صӰͬ

˼ʼУɾʲôʥ壬ҪأһҪԣһ⾳߽֮󣬾һȷĿ귽ˣ

ӵͷȴǳŵҲһֱڰķʽʥҪɣʼҲؼڣ

ʥ岢ڵĿ꣬ӣռĿ꣬Ӧʥ尡ʵ

ʥ壿

Ӳصǰ˼Ҳףֻʥδȴ䷨ûҲûͳǾ֮ʥĴεѣ

һȴЦˣӣӦ룬͸ʻתԭƣΪ㱾ڽ֮Ѫ츳󣬾ͱҪӵһզʮǿʥ֧ǹ츳ǼΪ֮ˣͬʱϣһĻټ֮ĺ֮⾳ͱôһǿʥУ

ǿʥ壿ŵ

Ϸ˵ʥ壬ռĿ꣬ΪΪǿĴڡѾΪǿ壬Ľעһƽ֮ˣڴʥʱѡӦþǰհԣ

룬ǣҲ˵ʥ壬ĿǰԣνԼʥøǰǿ󣿡

ЦЦȴҡͷ㻹ǻȥӰɣǻһĴ𰸵ģϷгãԼʱ赼ҲħϰԼҪŬķôֻпԼˣ

лǰָ㣡ӵлֹ˼䣬˹ʶ

ڻؼҵ·ϣӴӹʵһͨĹؼ󣬶һֲƼյĳо

Ȼָֻڤ˼ڲѵ

صкɯӰ֪תȥˣֻʣѰһڼȨɨȫһּеľӼĸ

ЩѰ󣬻ÿ춼ٳţʹڼϴϴ·ʲôġ

ȴɯ֪ڸʲôʱü첻ӰʱȴǻͷģǴƻӳ

ÿμɯһܿĵӣҲͲټƽϹʲôǼȻֻҪľͺãһռбҪġ

ݺѰ¼ҵһߣȻȥ˱ˮ

ӽӹˮͼѰһ׾ӼŮ˵Ĵ磬ǽηģŵգԼʱܻߵ飬͸ˮңޱȵˡ

Ѱ±ӿЩڣɬѵͷȹǡ

Ҳе㲻̫ԣ󣬿һùǰָ㣬һǣνʥǰǿ

Ѱ½ӹ⣬̧ͷһߣʡʥ壬Ҫ˾׶ɵĻͱһǲӵһǿģⲻܴﵽġ



ѰµʵϦСһãͨһЩԣڴдﵽ֮ǿͳ̶ȣڵ״̬ΪѣͨǺѪʥ壡

Ҫô

ôѣԺ֮кȻ뵽Ϳϲؾ¥зֵǸɫƿӺһĹ    Ѱ¼ڳ˼ΪΪѣ˵ѼΪѰҲҲûе£Ҹ֪һطǣȣȥѰңӦҵ

ȴ̧ͷʵҲÿѰˣʱݼозһƿӺһĹֱӻؼȥȡǣ



Ѱԣȴ΢΢һļô⹦еĹӲ⴫ѽ

˼£⹦Ϳϵǰбģɾŵţõ⹦ǴӲ֮лãôһ⹦Ϳ˵Ļʧڲ֮еġ

Ѱ⻰ȴɫ䣬뵽һ˵Ŀԣ׷ɱǽҲֻǸӣǾйᣬɱʦͽһҪϣǵĿҪʲô

뵽һ£ʵѰ¡֪֪֮Ѫʲô

֮ѪѰ´ʱԾؿӣ򵥵˵ĺѪͱ֮Ϊ֮ѪϣȷʵĺϹźʱھѾڣҲϵΪԴʹδֹһλϵˣ

ȴЩԾȻˣֵЩǿߣ֮ȥ

һδ֪ţѰ˵ţɫ֮Уȴ˼һЩ顣

ȴһƣôǸһǧʱشıǽӵҲֻǸõĻӶѣҪϣ֪ϵһЩвǵԵʣ̰ˣֻ㹻ͺôܴȥΪһ²ıǧ֪꣡Σ½ У½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķ

 ߶ Ʒ

̸顣Ӷԣռһ˸ļʶ֮󣬿ľȻϵҲӭж⡣

֮ûǳȡŵһĿռǵɽ¶ǰ㣬ԣĺôǴڱ׶˵ġ

һϢĲθнصãĿǰյЩʵԵ

ɾʥľһֱעʥĴ˾׶γΪ𾳽ʱҪµһʵĻ

·Ѿ̾ͣĿҲʮֵȷˣھֻһҪӷЩʱȥɵ顣

Ǿ취ͨȵĳڣ뿪ط

Ӳ֪ûдͨڵİ취Щڳڸ˴ʵ飬һЩ취ԽһЩִĿѧвģʵ飬Ҳõ˽ۡ

ȵĳڣֻҪӦ𵴵ͨһϢ֮ڵĲĿռ仯׵ǳѹǺϣӶͨ򿪳ڡ

Ҫѧϰ𵴵ؼǸУصϡ

Ϊˣһ˼꣬ȥǸǣ취õ𵴵֮    ҲҲоЩƣȵһߣ綼ѾˣеСϲҵ˼顣

˵ȥȥʱɫͳЩԹ˵ҪȥǣԼȥȥǣԴϴǼºһֱͲˣһﺦģߣ

ҲûϵĽҲͲΪѼ꣬Ͷһǰ񶴡

쵽񶴵ʱӸожǼӿ첽Ѹٽ˶

ûн뵽жʱͻȻһ˵ǣѾͷôôƤٲʵĽСƨɣ

Ϥͷһ񺹣˭

漴־Щ棬ƺദĺǢƺҲܿġѵһµʱ䣬ɯСܶ

ʣҪȥʱͻȻ߳һ飬ˣͷ΢Ц

Ӷһ󣬾ϣвɻ󣬵ϣôҲ

Цһ˴ѵûиѾȡǵκͺøУ

΢΢ȣʲô

ЦʵַҲû뵽ϴҵʱ˵ҪҰһզСæұӦˣһֻþ֮ҲģȥҲʶǣӴʶ˵ģףǷħ֢״ҲжصƷһѾټǷˡ

ȻˣҾͲ˳ϴǾͷһΣ˵ţӾҪ뿪ʱһӰͻȻӶѨ˳ɯ

ӣɯеС⣬ӭӣôˣ

ұûתģ벻ǺˣȻѾнչˣҾͲˣ

ǿɲУŽ˵ˣʵм£ĪֻɲŪٳ棡

ɯУŵСζ˸һͷˮôһֱңˣץ׳ʲô

ҪǣһϷκǵĿ֢֮ɯ˵

ϷУ

˵У׼ûϻĻһףҪǵʦ֣þ֮кҪ

ɯӶϸһ飬֮ȴһŹ֣Ѿˣⲻ

ɯȴһǵĻᷢ񣬲һʧ֣޷ӻаѳѾ࣬ĽȴʼսⲻȻϷƭҲΪãֻҪܴаѣȻǵĵģ

ȻǺðɣ̾˿Ƿ

⣬ʱӵǰ촲;һɾˮԼհͦġ

̳ʱ䲢ҲϢ֮ھˣʱһĨһĹӾȫһģòҲ΢΢еʡ

ӸܵЩȴͻȻԺ֮˻ŮӡʵϣᵱУûԼڸǣֻû֮ЩᣬѾγһ츳Ǻûǻ

ЦȻ֮ĺӡЩ඼ϣϺγɵһȺ壬ǵ츳ȻøһʵǺ£Ѫͳӵе츳ǿҺܶ࣬ǻҪѡĳһרܱøǿ˵츳Ȼܹγרһʵѵã

ǳ˹֮Щһܼ˵˶֮С

Ըˣ΢ЦţҲŽ˶

һµ뵽֮УͼֽϵЩѾˣһСϷЩɻ󣬵Ҳûпڡ

Ʋһۣ۾һͻȻǽеСǣ㿴˭ˣ

ԣͣеĶת֮ͻȻ۾㿪ʼ䣬Ӱ죬ૣʦ֣𣿡

ûлشʱɯ̵һѡ

عǣʦãҵˣ㶾ô꣬ôһֱûѶ

ʦ֣ԣʱ̲ס˹ӵĻпʦ֣ԲҲãҲö㣬̫ԣҺ㣬ʦ֪

ʦãȥ飬Ѿȥˣ㲻Ҫ˺𣿡

̧ͷ涵ۣ˵ʦ֣ĸ飬ҲӦöǸƭӣҺúڣúڣһֱɱûҺټһ棬Ǹԭ£ʦ֣ԭ𣿡

Ӱϵˮʱ㻹Ը¶ЩºҲˡͲҪִڹȥκͻں˺ʦֲģʦҲģ

ʦ֣ţٴνʹ

ܹ֮ܵУЩεȻЩϲ ЩĽⱻ

һ㶼֪Ů˵ϣ׶ʲô飬ֻǼȻҪϷֻܼȥ

Ӵǿһƽŵʦãʦһ£

ţǵͷ˵ʦʰɣ

ʱһۣʹɫСȭͷΣֻõʦã޸𣿡

ʱͻȻɫҲڲͣزţҪһӱʦáûм޸ˣ鶼ѾȥˣԸ޸ʦ֣ʦֵ𣿡

ʦ֣

ԵüΪǣ⻰֮󣬶ʱסˡ

ʱ˵ľʱɱٵϲּת䣬ںķĻּתȫûӦ³һںѪ˹ȥ

ǻ֮Уıӵ֣ȴһֱδſ

ʱȴ˿Цɹˣ

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Ӳ֪ʲôķ֢֮ս˳֮ɯÿ춼صġ

ǵĵĲ֢õ˴̼֮󣬾һֱڻ״̬£Ͼ֮ʣżҹҽҶźͰӷ̸̸

ҵģǹеļλǡ

Դ컯ⱻ֮ӾһֱЩоӦü仯

ʲ²ǰ㣬컯鱻Ѫ֮󣬷ֱԻչֳˮľʯޡ

峤ǷֱùеǷֱԣǺͳ£иܹˣ˳֮⡣λ

ҽرǣЩ˾Ǳѡ̳һγϵļ̳ˣŲʵ

Ŀǰֻһö컯䣬Ȼڳо֮ѾŲ²ö컯Ľ컯֮ȱָֽҶϵѪ츳ҲδҲûа취ѡ

Ȼ컯޷ѽ飬Ҳļ컯ڱ֮ϵĸѪ֮һЩ顣

Үϳʹûѵ鸽Լ⾳֮Сʵͷ컯֮޴ҮϳʵѪ񱩵ĹҮȳϵ˼άǰδе

Ҳ˵Ү߳ʹ컯ܹĿ״ֳ̬컯ˡ

컯飬͸ΪһЩˡڻ컯֮ľ컯֮ľĳɳݻ֮˱츳йأݲͬԶе仯ӦԵĸԪʮֵĴ⾫СʹЧĿȻԪصӦá

˵飬мΪǿĸЧһλͨԹ壬컯֮컯֮ľͻȡԪͷųһ澫ķԵʹգʵ

ƣ컯֮ʯҪڿ֮ϡͨ컯֮ʯһʹڿƼǿƣڿٻЧ

컯֮ˮʵҲûٽʵоֱӽǵоɹ

컯֮ˮʹ⾳仯ϵõ컯֮ˮṩԴԴϵԴ䱾ʹߵʵĸԡȴǿģʹӵǿͳľ

Ӷṩ˽֮Ȼǲ̫컯֮յûʲôĿǰλʹṩڻӳ״̬¡󡣻һּΪǿ

ضǿڳǴ˺ܴģһԴͨǷյĳڡ

Ŭϰ໥ϣߵĹؼõ֮ȱǵԸܵó

ʱӣ˵ǡѾҪ

ϢӼЩοֺ⡣Ǳǿȥ񶴡

·ϣӵĸ첲ڹеǹǴк֮ʱһȻܵӣʵӺһѣ治֪һڸʲô

ӵı飬һۣ˵ҲҵˣԺǰһӣڼߺߡ

һȴЩЦһûʽȢŰɡ˵۱Ժ󻹵ɯģģ

һȴһ죬һİۣȻݺݵһѡǽñǸѾͷײ˼۸ˣΪĻô˵ĺ£ҿȣޣҲԸɽָͷߣ

ۻС֣Цģҿûǿɣ

Ȼ㽫С˻ȥκ췢̣ȴԳ֣һۺ󣬾һ񶴡

Ů˰

̾˿漴Ҳ͸Ž˶

ӽ˶кҲûٲóҲûǸıףֱȥǡ

˼ա֮ɫԵúƽںɯ˵Ż

ӽ˶ֹͣɯ̸תһӣ˼ۺ󣬲ŵҼǵûϴκĴɹµǸˣɣ

ǵ֮вû֮ʱң峺Ҳ䣬Щεص˵ͷ¡

ǾҪ˵ҪƺһʦŶԣֻ֪

˵ǵϸһĨΣȴȻ̹Ȼһֱһ߻ħ״̬޷ѳʱңһЩԼ޷ƵǼ£㲻Ҫϣ

ȴԲĵشȤСǼȻ֪Ǵûͻþȳľ԰ѵʣټ֮ʩԡĨȥʡţԼǵõʱʲôλʦֱʦܣ飬㵽״𲻴Ӧѽ

˵ǲ԰׵ϹҼһϼһ䣬ֵҶ˼ˣܵǵǰˣôЦô֪ѾͷˣҲֻЦ

ɯѾˣʱҲȤҪ˵㶼˽ǧˣҼ๫ӣ

һ⻰˹ɯ˺Ѿͷ˵һûأ㾹ȡЦң

ǿɯ֣ЦЦ˵볣˲ͬǵҲͨ˵Ǵ־һιͣ൱һαǲ׳ı۵ģʵ˵Ҳʮ˾Сˣ⻹ҪѰµʵģ

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յͽܣìܵĻԵʮֲ⡣

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εȷʵᵽģԭŮ쾭ûҵʵڴ𶯵ʱڣڵʥ쾭֮ʱǱŮ쾭ȡð䣬ӹһ١ʹ˹ʧģӸһЩطѹŮ쾭ȱȫʱı׶ˡû뵽˵ڶ䡱

ѰµŮĵ䡣䣬 ûкĲҳ䣬ȫĹݣʱɾתˡӡʴڸĵʲôʱѹĹתĽչ

ӵطСɡ֮ͨʱɵһתŮȱʧ¡ڵתȲŻһЩ

Ѱַʱһ죬Ѱշ̣ʵΪʲôΣ

ȴҲܼɣˣȱʧ к棬޷ѭڶĽ̡ǾֻоҵĲƬ

ǵôˣҲ֪𻹴治ڼŹȣԸǴ˴γȺܹǿƬ֪Ρ½ ֺ ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧Ķ

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֪ͨˣ˶׼ֻиһЩйǣ̫

Ըȣ      ʵйҲ֪飬֮У

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Եã֪ȥ֮ôȥ֮ܲӦ

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ʱеĸ峤Ҳ׷׽˹ʵ̧ۼڳϵ

鲻һеԵñȽ˷ܣеǺܳĬеȴڿ

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ҲҼ֮󣬻Щ

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ͨӡڴ֮ǰϷλЩ£ǰ

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Ҳɷ׷һЦʹյࡣ

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Ҫҵȳȣô֮ҵȻܹٻ¸ص

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棬ʵ£ǴƾĻ棬֮УҮϳ

Ѿѡһλ֪СͯʽὥɳΪδ

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سֺܻṭһ٣ܽ

ʷһЩ̡ǽǬ컯֮еİغ󣬸λ

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ӾǽǬ컯֮ܣ

ڳϵͷ˵ҲֻǻʵоǬ

컯֮е鿪˴һЩ飬ǵ

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ķտռ䣬ıʱ仯ܽǬ

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⻰ͻȻ䷢ö컯ʱ

䷢Ӧʱӳʯϵľ૳

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ȽʱʱͻȻоָ֮

ĽָͻȻ䷢ĳЩӳйʼȫ

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䵽˹ʵǽ֮ϣֳʮϹ֡

ڳϿһ˹ذֺ󣬷׷׶ݣʱ

ҲʱҲ˷ӦɲͬĹâųʱӳ䵽ǽ֮Ϻ󣬴ʱΧһ

ͶǽϵЩâۺһϽָĹâӳճ˲ʧâ۽ʱǽ֮ϾγһĻʮֹŹֵͼǺɺԭʼ״̬

һɫıãͼͻᷢһЩ仯ǻõƬڷһ㣬һĻĻĻ档

ĳǾɴ۾һĻĻ֮УسʱȻĳ֡ٺĽݱֱ̡г⽵£ȻرʯãڳһĻĻ󣬽ǿʼٳɳǳģ޴ĹŻľ޼顣

󣬾Ͷۼ룬ֵһӤϣǵΧǰǸ߲ͬɫһɫĸˡ

еĳǿĻҮȳϾ̲סĽ顣һǱ֮й鰡칮

ֹҮϳϣʱ¼ȡĦЩ˵ϣ޲֮ɫΪ˵УҲͬҮк빩

ȴǵֱ۾ʱҲѾʧ̬еǿӤؿڵͼߵֻСޡ    ڳϾһɴ۾ǲǬͼһСǲģûд

Ҳ۾ֱֱ󶨸⸱ͼзˡûпǸӤΪؿڵͼѾ֤ûд

ʱĿעӵΧ֮ϵͼϵͼʲôĶֻ̬  ȸ꣡

ʱӵԼǰ֪ʥ޺󣬶ǽϵĻҲʧ      ʧ󣬴ʱгҲعӿųϴȴǲʧմ˿е飬Ȼѿ״̬

ҲʶЩʵûϵͼֻ컯ޣҵȿȴԻ컯֮ˮ컯֮ľ컯֮ʯ컯֮ޣ˵ֻ鱻ĳʼ״̬ǻʾĲȫ״̬

ӵͷǬ컯֮еܣ͸屻ԭҲЩ棬һö컯䡣ҲǵĵУ

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һֱĬʱͻȻ૵ʦԤ֪һµʱ˵һ仰ҵʱʦ֮һֱ⣬ˣ

⻰ڳϵĿ˹ʵ˵

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ΪݳǸ⴦ѹľҪټҹݵǿʹʼֹ⴦Ҫ֮ǰ޷ٴ벽

֮£һֱڽ״̬֮ҲڹֹһЩҪҲʼδ۹¡

ȺɽƵȻƣѹͬҲмȻϡ

ÿȻƹЩȻϣÿһζʧܸգû֪Ϻ浽ʲôΪƹǵյصˡӴ˶Ҳûл

֮Уʿ̽ӵʧ¼Ҳû˸ȥ̽ǼصشֻҪܹȫϡҹϣЩôڡ

ȴ֪ϵıȴһصǰѾȴĹȳڵķӡ

طȺɽΧƬؿտĿռ䣬Ӹ߿¿ͻᷢȺɽ֮䣬һطһŨ֣ʲôһΧʹǸطɽһӡ

ӵΨһһڡһͬǲŨ֣ȴǴΧվɽ塣

ɽɽһ汳ĻɽһһعȡعȵľͷǹϿ

˲֪Ͽ֮䣬ʵֻһɽˡ

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֮ʼնסƽʱκн

ĺȻԼµʹһصķӡڣѾ꣬ǷӡҲûгֹʲô쳣仯ҲѾϰΪ

ҹϷ貣κʱҪҡ

Сһλ꾲ڶڸһʯ֮ϣϵʱȴźߵһλͬ°ˣүүΪʲôүүܲȥְֺȥȴҳȥүүҲеĵĽܵϿȥΪʲôһֱҪ

˻˵ҪǵʹΥʡ

үүػĵʲôѽ

˵ʱҲʹҵүү˵ӡһЩʮǿаħǵְҪػסǷӡħƻӳΪ䣡

үү˵۵ЩˣħĺܷǳȥҾǺÿÿȥЩ˵񣬶˾ʹ࣬ʹǲܳȥүүΪʲôҪ˽Щ˵סû˿ôڿ󰡡һǿ϶ˡ

˵ЩħһЩ츳סǵϣһЩħ츳ѵĻǾͻᷴÿʮ궼ѲһΣĲãڻǵģ

ЩϳɫСŲϹҵһǵʯͷ૵Ŷϴڻֻ꣬Ҳ֪ʲôʱ򻹻ٻүүΪʲôҪʮŻһѽС

˵ڻкüճϦҳʱÿʮǡÿλ죻ǴһЩĶù󣬻ӳļλ̫үүҲΪûȥЩѾûˣ˥ȥġܻ꣬ʵҲЩԵʣһֱҵľ޷ͻƣԸо˥ߣҪŬֻʵһ磬ܻóã

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ʯͷ֮ʱʱɽ֮ͻȻһ¡죬űһضɽҡ

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ʱ̧ͷϵǺӣͻȻ޵үү쿴ϣǺôŶ־ۣ쿴кöǹƯ

ĻУ˳ָָķλȥǵǳ֮Ͷĸãػǵӡڵĸãɫ䣬еãħҪ忪ӡˣ



ʱһҵĵΧɽڿʼҡΣɽʯҲʼ¹

˴һ֮Ҳٵ飬걧һݣһʯ󣬱㼱ٳǷӡڵķȥ硣

ǳ֮Ͷâ֮аһ⾳Χ֡

ţǹ⾳֮УʵĹâ͸ǹǳֵâ֮ʱ֮ıһǿޱȵŤҪΧΧеȫ˺Ϊ顣

ԱǷӡڸʱܵһǰδеΧ޷벽ֻҪᱻǹǿ˻ȥ

ۿǷӡ͸ĹâҡԵӿĲҲԽԽǿң֪Դ򿪷ӡڣɺһϡںһԷ򸾹ʱ˹ȥ꽻򸾵ǴߣӵԽԶԽã

˲صڣ׷ʲôӡҪƳ𣿡

Ժ˴ηӡ͸ֻǲԻⷽԲʮڵһСǷӡռڵ֪ܻסӡˣǵʵ̫ϿŷӰɡɽ½ˣ

˵ɽУδȥأǹͬЩħһսɣ

ϻ˵ϿߣԴţʱΧ߾һһ㣬ϵСǺԿܷѹסɳѹƲסӡһƿĻһжûصˣ

ãҵһ˹

ԵͷҲԥߴ˼ͬʱһǿʼѹӡ

Χɽҡӵľҡ򸾱С߼һɽĴʯ긾ûмʱ㿪㱻ֱѹ˵¡

ף꼱޴𣬶Ҳ۾Ҫѿ޺һƴؽеųῪǾʯ

ʯͷῪ󣬾ͼ긾ѾҵķѣĲˡ˱һʹǴĸ׵Ĳ֫壬˴ͣૣħ׵ģЩɽ  

䣡

ΧĵԽԽҡ˶ѾվˣĴɽʯ䣬ľҲ𣬷׷ɽ£ӡʱһɲʹ˳ʱֱ񷡣ǵΧľʯһ˲䱻÷顣·Ҫ󶴡

 İ 

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ߴʱоԽԽǹһǿҵĲһڵǳڵļӸǱһ⾳֮ͻȻǲѹѾʼɶķӡڰæƳ

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ʱǷӡɽͻȻʼѣΧֵʼ͸

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䱸еӰӴ˳ԸоǿӰƺҪһ߷׷׽䱸

һǧˣһǧˣҵڳˣϷ֮ܿǹ⣬޺ˡ

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ħѾ֡ԼӰӵŤʼԻһ˵Ӱһ£߱

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еһӹȳɹɫӰĳϡʱһ͸о˹ŭ֮ţɱȻ

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ЩȻҲ˺üʵǿ𲢲Щ˳еؾʵҲ˾ʥľ硣

ʶƷĻ⾳ųʱ˵ıܵжͺˮȫסˣ

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Сң

Ǹ׼Աڳ֮ʱһ춯ذ㣬ϻϵͻȻд߱ʥٰ壬Ʋһ͡

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һָʥʴּ֮ǽ֮һ۸ٶȱߵڣ߸ûκεķ֮漴¡һ屻һָɳȥͬ䱬һѪ

쾳쾳

ǹе׶ЩʲôĹﰡ

ڹʳ֮Χʣµļλи֮ʱͬʱҲ֪λ쾳һʥ֮ǿ߳ǾԱǳڣѾǲʵˡ

䣡

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ʱȳﲨͼ¼밬ȵӰζܿڼϢʱ˳

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ֱĲڼ뼧ճʱǻУǻϲĴܽеڳˣ£ôۣöǰƯףôû̫

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⵽Ҳǣյͷ

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ӿҶžݺϹ⸱ӣȻѿˣȴ˸ӦǸ׳ա

ҶȴǴȤЦݣҽҼⴲٺ١

ȥҶ⻰ҵ˵Ϸ̡ݺţڸʼתƣ־Ͳҩеҩ⸽ҩĺöడҲҪһݲ  

룬ǹϿγڵķӡĶȽϴ󣬹ƻиŪǰ̽ еȫһʱҲ޷ãл¼λλ⸽סػڣڳҹǻǵϿȽܿ۵˾ȳ˵

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Ӽ˶ҪȥȹϿܿ۵ЩˣижǵȻҶҪȥҰţΣ

˵ͷ˼˵գһڴؿӡ

룬ǹϿ֮ܿ۵Ĵ󲿷ֶᣬϡϺͰȳϣԼӴЩͬȥɣ

УҲҪȥ겻ؽС

֣հż꣺һţ

СѾͷȥһЩŻô죡

ʱͼץһλ˺һλɽƲƲ졣    һ߱סһۼˣʱɫһѪ˿ʵѾ˼ޣ˽Żӽô顣

ʱЩ˵ô໰ܵЩ˲а֮ˣѾһ£ƭ

걾ڹо˾쳳ܣ⻰ʱ˵ؽеţţȥͲȥ㲻Ҳȥôߡ

㣬СøţҲ㡱˵ţͽӵϣֱס

ʵס󣬸޷漴һƨϺݺݵؾǼƣң

ѽҲˣŹҰɣңҲ˼걻ƨžž죬ȴֻίġ

⻹࣬ߣһŷŹ

˿ͼ֣ҲݸһЦڹнЩνһԩңһͳܶ죬Ҳϰˡ

˼泩뵽£㽫һ棬ȴԵúµץߵߣϼһСӦɣȻ·ȴѲҡ˵˰ɣ

̾һƭǣǷµĹ޷ֲϷҲǽ֮ˣֻܷŹ⺢ӣ˵ǿʯͷ֪䣡

˵ţԶԲ㲱Ͼǿʯͷȡλɣ

Ҳҵģȴҡͷ

һ㷭죬ȴûпǿʯͷüͷˣ

ҲŲ˵ܾǿ

Ӽʶ֪ʲôûôĿģ㽫һᡣߵߣ˵ʯͷ䣬㲻˵˵ĻֻһԼѡ񣡡

걻ӵסˡ֪ôˡ

ԿС磬үүͿҪˣͽǰɣǱͲǵĶסǰүү˵ĶǶԵģǹϿеЩ˲ħȷʵһжƭǣǽЩǧ꣬Ͽе׽ȥܿģţҪгޣֻͨ˹ЩƽӣүүԸ

ЩʱԵã¶еʶƷ֮ټ֮ǰЩ뷨ֵõȷϣв֪˭˭

 İ˶ 

ӡҪŹǣ

һ

ӿһۡͷĵػǱȽģҴֲСҲûбҪͷϣҵǿʯȷ󣬷߰ɣ

ʱͻȻӣǺˡҸŹҰְֺ𣿡

ӵ˵ͷſ꣬ߵһʯͷ棬Сȥһ̽һ׹׹ӵУпǵʯͷ

꽫ʯͷӺӰӽ⿪ֻ꣬ʯͷϸ˿ְ˹㽫Ķóƴ

ӹҲϸ˿ɫܵǵĿƬûд

˵ţȲؽ˳ƴȥ֮󡣾ͼһɹâʱԲεʯƬ֮ųһ֮ʣĿƬֻզĹ򣬱Ϊһ壬ǹɹâʧ֮ĿƬ׵ںΪһ壬Ҳûһ˿Ѻۡ

Ů쾭ĲƬˡ

ӿҲɫЩܣǿʯͷȥɯϲеãҵˣ̫

ϣų߰ɡӼȴӦ꣬˵

ˣ⿪ϵˮЩ΢΢վȥסҪ뿪

˼ʱͻȻ֮£ǾͰǰɡʱҲҪ𣿡

Ϸ㱣֤κ͸¶䣬ҪȹϿеĻϿǰõһԿףԿ׾һɫʯͷ£ȥ˿һʯţǸ󷨣岽иףԿױɴŽУϿеʵһ㣬һӦȥ٣ǵСģ

Ͽ֮Щһģ    ҡͷΪϿֽʱһãϤˣʱûʱȥ˽һЩ£˳ѰЩҩģЩ˾ηǣһԿףǿ룡

ж٣жˣ

ԼʮңפǾ˳һλʥ׸ϣԼһʮң

ˡ߰ɣ

л˵ү˱ʧҹɫ֮С

үߺʱ֮½˳Ѿ콫Χվˡ

׼ȥϿʱͻȻɫһʲôˣ

⻰ɫһտһۣһӦҵһֻҳ󣬲ҵϢŸϹģ



֮дʱһ漴һӰѸٵشӿ䡣䵽ӵĸ첲ϡޱȵĲԵúܻʵ

ӲڵʱһֱʧĵطδȥֻҪӵϢ֣趼ܹڵһʱ

ǺԵñǰӵͣ͸Ҳڼӣڵľ磬ʱܸܵ

ڵֻӥ΢΢ԾֻӥνǣӥǣǺţ

ȴƲƲ죬мصҲͨӥѱĶѡ˼ҵ̵ЩһɲԶأߣ

̲סֵȻԶˣΪʲôܾǼҵƱҪ˵һƥͨʣ˽ȴǾ̾Ǽҵʻ˲ƣĿڲһؼһߣ

һ죬Ҫ磬ȴᡱһɯһ˵Ļȥˣֻҧҧתȥ

ӳԭڸ䣬û뵽ųԼҵҲο

ڵһ֮룬һ˸ֱ֦պϵϵѪһʬ˺һ鲼дЩݣ漴۵ã߶󣬸˸Ĳӣ첲һ̧軶һղһȦת۾ʻ񷣬Ӱ

ʱǷߵ衣˵ӥҪٽһΣλһʱ˷ˣԺҲҪһֻſߺߣ

⻰ֻ΢΢ЦЦҲûᣬ˿ɫ Ѿ賿ˣϣȳģǶʱҶǰ㸺ҩȱٵҩģɽпҲҵмʱˡ

Ҷŵͷģ֤ǰȫŪá

ŶԻż˵ϣǴЩˣǰϿЩ˰ɣ˵ţתԼյϣҲһͬȥɣϿ֮˶ĻҪٻЩ˹ȥľͰлҪ֣

˵գӶԹʵˡӦǱӪȲ˳Ļǻᷢźŵġ

ʵͷ

Ħλѡ֮ӽУǰ˵ģڶһɫʯͷҵһˮԿ׺󣬱ʮɽһͨϿȥ

Ͽɽһɽ֮ʵȺɽһϿȣΧɽվ±ͽܲʮΡ

һ˺ܿ㰴·ѰҵϿڴʱǰ·ͱһСɽľޱڵסɽڵǰŻ    ӶԻѾȽ˽ˣټ֮ǰԿסŰ˵岽

һʵ󣬾һһʯͷʯͷһզСεĿס

бˮԿײУȻһš漴һ¡춯ͼɽڵĴŻ򿪡

ڴŴ֮ʣӶ˵֮󣬷˵ȣûзɱۣӴһ˸ҽͰȳϴ˽ȳ˾ۼаĦϴ˸Ѳеʳʣҵһ˵ͰȳǾۼַ֮ϸľ䣡

ɵذźÿҪʲôΨûаšĲɵǶʲô

ǣȻȥɱǰˣ

˵ţһ˹С£漴Цһɱţ

˹֮󣬴л壬вͻȵЩظѲӣµһ֮ҲŰ˽оЩԣڻ¡

ǰҹ賿кܰƽΧĴ󲿷ֻ֮󡣴һţ˽ڹ֮С

ͼڹ֮оһ͵ĴׯһΧЩǵĽϺõķݡ￿ദݶĵطֻǼ򵥵Ĳ˯һ۱ܿ

μķֲʵǣЩȶ϶סǰķЩܿ۵ˣסڲ

һ˽һֻ֣Ҿ֪ôֱĶ˷ֱֱ˹нϺݳ޵Ǽ䷿ӡ

һţŵλʵ͵ӣ»ѹһλֽű𹩷йҲСŮ

ǰӲű֮ʣﻩȻʣֱ䡣ͷأѪɡ

 İ ǣƶ

Ķ˶֣еЩ˯ܳлδͱնͷ­Ѫ

ʹ˱ǻûӳ֮ʱ㱻һ

еͨʵĶԣһλӵʥΪͷĵһʱҲֻ˵һ־ͱֱȥڤ

ϿϴڹеȽϷɢǰŶЩס²壬ݹ׸һЩԽһЩӹ

ڶ賿ʱ֣Щطеƹ⣬Щ˱һЩۣЩֵҹߣűӡĿڲͣҪţеߣһ޻¡Сˣȥһӡ

Щֻʹһûз֮вû˺⣬ֻо

ɱʱûзʲôǰŷ֮⸽ʱоչǰһĻŭӿ

һλ𣬻ûµڻûнһ֮ʱ㽩סоһɿֲĺϮ漴ʧȥ֪ԼôĶ֪

Щ˺Сɱǽֻɫ΢΢һ־֮ɫһȴһľɱ֮࣬޷Ǵʲô𾪡ĵʽĥۣЩѾǵǿűľκβ

Щ˵飬ӿУȴ̾˿һЩСĺ¶֮Դϲ־֮⣬˾һƬšʹ֪ܹȣЩŵ飬Ҳٸ

ϴ˽У˸ִԼ񣬶Щ龰ʹǷŭֹɱ䡣

ϲٶ֣ЩĳϾѾеһĹ򣬱㱻ɾ

ĦںЩĿ֮ʱЩסûҹܿ۵ʱÿЩĳҪҧˡ

ÿ󶴶Ƚһɶ֮ʮִ̱ǣЩ۵ÿ˵ֽŶݵֻʣƤͷһ㣬ľеƵһЩصͶЩ䴦򱻶һѷɵĿݹǡ

ץū֪ūԱ¡Щ˼ֱ޲磡Щ龰ʵڿȥˣҧŴ޺˼䣬һȥǼɱʬĭԲޡ

ϣǻȾ˳ȥɣҲܻľûңһ󣬱ȥЩ۵˴

Щȵ˵ֽŵʱԵúľÿ˵ֻЩ͵ؿǣǲ˵Ҳվԭز

ǵģΪʲô˵ѽ

龰ʼΣÿ˶ʬһ·ʧȥʶһ㡣κôЩ˶һƬͣû˿ķӦ

ȼ״Ҳ̫ԣǽһڶһλ߿󣬵ȴǳȥӪȳҲǷ

ΣֻһЩľʧ߳˶Ѩ

ڳѨʱһͷݵľðȴͻͣߣȻ˵ˣϣȵϢ

һλ˵ʱϲȦһ죬ҪǷݣ汲ˣǶйͬȣйͬʲô֣ңΪʲôǻӣʬһ㣿

ʱͻȻ˵ϵͷ¶һðǳɫ֮УȴһϲعâɫЩһڵݵֲٿŲţ촽嶯˰죬ŵǱڹǰǡڵȵһš

߼̣˵ʱͿҪѾ£鲨˹ȥ󡣾Ϳ첻ˣһһϢ

̣˹Щʮּ

˳˳Ѿ΢΢ƽ󡣱ʣʲôĸ䣿

߲Ż ڴв䣬ҵ游Թӳ䱻ץ˻СĥһֱûзԸǽȥ֮СֻǿڻС

һ⻰֮еˮ̲ס߾ʹ㾹Ҷڴ̵к˻ţ̫ˣ  С

ڴ⻰˿Ҳݺᣬ׺Ǳͷһʹޡ

ϾľΪϸ֮ˣ󣬱ָܿƽҲû£ڴΪʲôе˻Ǹӡң

ڴ֪һϢָţڷŲ֪УҲ⿪츳ȻҲܹʹáʱָĸ졣

ĵ̹âɢȥڴľ״̬࣬̾һһĻЩСǻҲ˿ǶһҩűˡֶΪ˻ţķһЩҩֶ˰꣬ҩŽ룬Ҳָǣ

ҩʲôҩΪλ

ڴҩʲôֶﲻ֪˴ҩˣӵޱȳ;ҲʧȥǣֻҪЩ촵һֺŽǣзҩˡᱻƣʱǻԴΪ֣ʧȥԣɱ

˵ߴϢһɫԵЩֵһֱҲǣҩˡ⿪ϣе츳ѺЩ˾ʧҲûл֪

ɫأҲ벻ͨ͸ԭίȿ۲һ³ҩ˵ķӦʰ˵Ǿʹڴȥǰȼϡ

ڹ֮УʱһƬæµ

ȺͰʱߣһЩΣ˽ȡ

ĦȼλǴ˽ʳᵽֱ˾￪ʼ췹

ʱĴѲһͷĵ˵ȫԼһʮҡϷΣֻһһʮңطϷҲȫѲ˸飬Ļ֮ˣ

˵ĿӦò̫ƫ˼ ̧ͷʮ˵Ļзʬ֮ģ

ϵʬǵǷľߡĿȻкܴƫ

ҲΪʲô˵һʮңתۿ˿ΧĴԼ˳մľʬһ㡣񣬾ʧ˻ǡЩ˼ֱÿһȴҡͷ

£ӱߵߣЩΪλˣ

Ӻ޺޵һɶޣǸЩһ֡ǣѶһǱѶȫɣʧȥǡһаҰǰ㡣ֻ֪ѪɱҪǣǵľǱ屻ٵ£пܻа飬ܣǷ֮

ӵַʲô˻᣿

ӵҲ֪ݱʲôѶķаƣ仯аⷽ棬ȴаʿҲ֮Ҳߵаʽںһ𣡡

 İ 

ʱ뵽а֮ӰǾͻɹ֮ӰаʿΪڰ׵ġ

ЩãĿǰҪЩˣǻָǣǱʰӣЩ˿н֮

֢״ϸҲһֽ֮Ѷʵ̫󣡡ԥƬ̣˵ҪһҩĲϵð죬Ҫ֮ᣬǼѰ쵽ģ

֮ᣬʲô

˵ڼĶһԳҺжѾ涾֮⣬Ψᣬܹκ˵ѶڼΪһҩϡ

һЩʱͷ󡣵ǲ˵ڣ

ӵҲдϸƣϵĻԣһЩ̶ȣܱ߶Ƕ鲼ǼΪѰҪЩˣ֪Ҳ

Щ˶ʱڻ᲻

룬ڵǣѶÿһڷ֮ʱɣƽʱѶǱֻѶ̼֮ⷽʱᱬ

ʱڴ˹Ҳͬʳ˽Щ˵ķ

˽ͺҲһĪչҲڴһЩϸһ顣

ЩҲΪʲôһˣЩ˼пϱ򿪣ұѶֿ츳󣬾ͱЩܴˣʲô˴ߵġڴȴһ֪

ӵԺ֮СԴ˰ӵǷܾЩ˵ʧ٣а֮ӰĪĹһ̵ֲĻʵ顣

أ

ʱͻȻ䴫һ󳤳ĺŽǵɶԵʮֵĹŹ֡

о죬ֱǴﴫ֮ʱȴҲͻȻоҪǱתͷЩѶȥ

ͼЩǸͻȻһ⣬ÿ˵ǵ춯º󣬺Ҳʼ٣ȻͨҪҰޱѡ

ڴﳤϼ龰еãǵĶҪǿԴ󷢣ǻɱ˵ģ

˵꣬ڴԼҲɫһ䣬ɫüΪŤֲҲܵӰ죬ҪƵġ

ʱдСղڸ⾯ģŽɹȿڸѵǿ˲ɣ˵ţѸٵ˹ȥ

ʶ̬̫ԣǺŽǴĹŹ֣Ҳ˲ôʱͻȻǸȻһϢһʾ޺



·Զŵ˶Ĥӵһ첨޺ȫסǹɺŽ֮

һɹǿҵɲҲڵѪʱڷһ𵴣ԽԽԶ׵ĽǺŽ֮Ρ    ЩѶĺŽǴʱʼʾ޺𷢳֮ǺŽжϣЩѪĹâȥ󣬴󲿷ֶи𼸸Ƿɱ¼Ħǿס

ʱڹȿڸĳεϣһλһѹŹֺŽǣڴ

Ȼһǿҵһɹɴ𵴵ɶ֮ʱλںŵĺͻȻƺһֹͣ˴Ѫ˿еĿںҲѡ

ڽ׳ϵ첨𣬶ʧˣôᡱ

ǺоȣСǣǡѣǣҲǾ޺ǿƻжϣ֪ȻʧһݣҪ뿪

ߣ

ں׼뿪ʱһ֮ͬʱһĹâǺڰսµһϮ

˼Ʒסôǿߣաоܱ߱һˮһҪˮ

ʵҲǽʱһЩһ©֮㣬صʱɽڻŴ󿪣Ҳж;òǲǣЩūҡɱóϸ鱨ԣȻ뿪ġ

ֻû뵽ֻԵһ룬ڻûϸ֮ʱǣͱϣͬʱҲûü뿪ͱ

˱ǹˮйɹϢƴΪҲ˾ʥĿһλѴؾĶ֣ûܶԶͱһסá

˸ܵսᣬҲֹͣʱʱͻȻһӰ֣߳漴ܺˣƴϢ

ûкڣͱһ˫ס˲ӡ

Ǹģ׽ס󣬸ӦΧûмյӰɻǽ˹С

ͨ

֮˱ַķסϢ޷˹漴һӣˤ˸Ľųӵǰ

Ӽץ˸ôϣ

ϷҲƣղڹȿڡ

ȽߵԣֱһţʲôˣЩϵѶнҩ

Ӳҡͷ

Ҫʱյϣñˣ

תͷʱͼҲһ˽صӵϣǺ˵һ𣬺˿˺ɫ䡣

ͼջ˹Ȼ˸ղȫ˵ˣǶ˿νǱΪ飬һİģһԽг̵ģϿһɽסȥҪѰ츳ˣаӰܣһ䣬Ѿ˽ʮˣ

ЩܴߵģôͷǽĴ

һ߶ͼǺϾǱ̿ʻ ЩúСһ˫۾ͣڴ

Ȼİʵ˵ɣЩΪаӰܵˣ͵ӵ

Сӣëû룬ѧʣҪɱɱ㵱ǰ׳գӲף˵ȻֳӲ˵

ҲգվԼյϣа취ǿڰɣ

յͷϷѧĹ֮УһŹпʵֱָָѪ裬Ѫ趯͸֮ʹǿֱӵ㱬壬ƣֱӷϵȫΪ

˵ţתǺ˵ʮޣ޵˾ʥľȷʵףǿУϷԱһΪʧ볢ʧȥȫΪһͱ˰ϣϷҲǲԣС

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⻰ɫһٱ䣬ɱĻüͷԲһ£ϣ㶯֣ǶԷҪϵЩ޶Ϊ޸֮ķˣκһ޷ܵһ¡    Կɱɱ˻Ҫ˸о־壡

ʱͻȻָ̧֣һ죬ָһɵâһţҲ˵ʲô˺˼Ĺ򣬼˵Ҫ¡

ڶԷһָûеŵʱڵѪҹͷ֮оͺжڴ̣ʹڴһ̣ӲҲܲסڡ

ʹ֮£ھִУҸʹɣ˵Щһһ˵һ˵߾Ǭݵ

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Ͽа׳ǣѶжܱ͡ЩǷԶеģûҵ֮ᣬЩҲ޷ʵʩ

ɽΧԲʮﶼվɽͱڣޱ鲼ϱдƬïܵɭ֣ͷдƬݵأһͨϿһЩΣСֱɽ⣬ơһѵ֮

ʱӴŹʺͼλɽܱ߸̽һ󣬸Σǵ󣬾

ԭŹгЩ˵ɽһӣù˵ҲԣЩ˱Ͼڹ꣬ڹ֮УܳȻԲ룬Ͼﻹǣҡ

ȻҪҲû˵ʲô

֮иڶ࣬ǱܺͻҪ༸ȫͲҪġ

˹ȺҲûм뿪ŸֱӾֹ һ¼԰

˽𲿳ͳƺһٰʮˣϹϿнȳһһʮ˵еʮλûѶˣ˹ͬŬֻ첻ʱ䣬ɽһһ·ݡ

ʵʱ䣬ģΪҶƵҩΪ۾Ƥ˺ÿ˶ҪڰҩӦ컷¶ȶƤĴ̼пӦϡ㿪ʼȻؽ¼԰

ڼ䣬ӽɽһļ곤Ļջ޸ΧһЩΧЩ޳󡣼ֱӽΧγɱ

һɽĳΣ㽨

һֱȵʱ½ɵɽկڳʱ򡣾һ󾯽֮洫ŵˡȴԵʮֵ˷ܺͼ̣˵йǰ

һųȵ˼˵ǹͣٶóʮֵĲ⣬ɷ׷ӡ

֪˭ˣҲûнͣţҲ׷׸档

ǰЩӱȳڴھָ֮ΪҲָ֮УҪϿӪȳǲˡҲΪϣһЩشľ顣

˺ܳһ·һֱɽկĴſڸʱǱһԲ̨֮ϣŮӰ£ֻһλɫ㣬һȴǽοɰ۵꺢ͯ

ˣǰշ½½

ڳǳˣֻ˵ϢһҪĤݵĳ嶯ɻɫغһ˿η

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ֻһզеͷСһʱľͲСȣҲ˵Ѿźõİɣ

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ʵȻҲ컯֮ܣô֪ˣֽϣҲˣ˴ܹ컯֮ۺڹ֮нһоڻҲ̲ŵһЩܡ



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ȴϰԵҧҧ´ ŹڳϣλȻҪΪô

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ݹĿǰçײ¡ֵ鷳ųԼӴһЩϵĶһЩ飬ǾƲܹġ

ȻӶԣǶûʵȥԸĵˣǴĳЩ飬ܼķΧڣѰжƻĿ꣬ΪԶ㿼ǣһ߸顣

ڰЩڵЩǣΪãȻĴмѶϵĴ·ʽȴ͡

ʹǲ˵ʵѾ鱳ǣĶ

ڳϵ֮Уóշ½½Ѿز˽ݷһЩǣôλ£׼󣬱˳С

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ξۻᣬҵ˰շ½½ǰҲΪȷӵĹظ

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ӳǽɽ֮½̼˲ŻعǶһۣ𾪵ľ֮󣬱ɢʼˡ

˻ɽ涼һƽطׯڵһƬ͵ģұ顣

ߵ·ߣ󣬾ƱڸԼˣֱһ£ϢȺ½ǡ

ɯǼ£ҲµȻعĴ͵Ұͳϲ˵ũ

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ʼ벻⣬ղЩСϣһ־ȫȴûɱ⣬ȴһЩȴҪ½̼ʰƺԻ

⣬ûн͡

ں˿ˮ͵ͨʣҲ֪һЩ֮ҲǸǼλĳһ̨£ҲּܹͨӵķʽӦĿǰ״Ȼά˳ǵϣҲóǾӹԸûˣӶʧȥΣȷʵбҪ!

ˣЩƶǶӣ˰죬ȴ֡ȻǺܶ!

ҲգʱװͿҲһ!ӵ˵һ䣬㿴Żɽͼ½ͿԪѾ飬

Щٴλʱ۲⼸ˣǵľƺһЩ΢ı仯ͺǳѹͷһЩűųԵúɣҲܵȻ

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СڹôģǵһۣȻȴһ-ƵЦݣȴʱԼƺеûзˡ

һ̫ɶˣܻṴ˰ǴľͷһݽģУҵ취!

ԽֹԽһΣУŮ˺ܴƻ

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ڲһͽӱ˻Ҳ̲סЩʣȴ߶䡣

ԼˣԶǴһʽĹذڿźӳɳ֪ڲҲһѹей

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⻰ãƺЩ⻰Ӷ˵ģǻ뵽ÿһ仰ɾһҸĳӣûĿϣֻСܣһֱıĵͣþ޷ƽ



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ȴյصǶһۡ

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ֱͿԪ޺ӼԶѾԺʱ˵˾䣺ǵģԷˣ



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ΪȫŮˣ˵ҲܼɣԽþִٵӣЦ˵Ѿͷƽʱ˭ġʲô»ųӣڹǰ²õӡɣٺ٣

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Ϳ˼ðƽҲû˵ʲôСؽЩպãȥ׼ϯȥˡ



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һᣬֶܵ˶Ժݵ磬λɩɩ֪ͨǵԺԷأ

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ֶепġҪСֶȴǵƤض㿪ҳ˴磬˭Ҳҵͷߺߡ

СͷһƫҪףܣվסСӡ

ֶȴǲһ󶫶أ漴žˣֱӾ׷˳ȥСԴĲݡ

ӴɯؽЩָװ֮󣬱Խָ彻үӰɣǲʲôģ㲻Ҫйǣ

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뵽ֵ飬ӳʱŵˣѾüˣĹмλϵİҲӦˣǸǲǸžˣ

׼ĺܷʢкüͿϼе˶˵Ժ֮УҲԵʮ֡

ǱڸˣֻҪͿžУҲԵʮ˷ܣǹһѹͷƬƣƺҲӻع֮ҲͿϵƬɢȥ

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ȵľƣǰƵľƣȽϸߣͿԪ޸ˣȶЩʤ֣ҲҪӾڼвһ»ʽвСǳǣҲȻ֡

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ʱ֮䣬ǰ֮жһܹȼĻ棬Ӳʯͷ޶ԡ

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극ɯŮ˵һԼֱӳš

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ʵҲӺģ춨˾ҵλ󣬲ЩƷ·ǼȻߵϣӦڼ칤¹򣬶ùҹʤ̭ķ

ӽľƷʱһ˶ûУֻһλƱ֪п͹ˡ

˸λºŵͺһƱŵѣ˵գóһӵϡ

Ǯ춯λƱʱѹʱ˫۷Ź⣬ۼλͣЦӭӣ˳ֽǮҲ˾񣬸ȵŵһ͹Եȣ

һͼһλòŮһ鲽ɿ˳ţŵϣӲ˲ۣϾƺ󣬺͹٣Һе죬İɣ

ӲֻǶƱһڣǾƱһѩ˹ŵϣȻ۰Ͱ͵˼ǮӵǴͣǾƱϲĪĽӹ

λŮȴߺߵĵ˾Ʊһۣûи˵˼ǾƱźţת˺á

ӳ˳ѩˣǰζֺͦ˱ƺ󣬲ŵƱ֪ɽһиǾޱĵط

 ľ Ϻ

ƱǮǼͽᡣ

ڤ˼һȴεǸ͹٣Сɽһû˵Ǿޱĵط

ü룬ֵ֪ĸӵóľż˵ţ˼Ǯϡ

Ʊȴû˼ãԴʹ롣

ʱͻȻ洫һλߵߺʱ۾һǮһ񱼳š

Ƭ̣ͼƱֻֻһλС뷢԰ף͵̣ƵӸǰ͹٣ͷЩС⣬ľżҲУҲõģӦû֪㣡

תͷֿ̣˿ľżһЩľƵСóһӸ̣ϲ֪һиǾޱĵط

̲ҽӵǮֻҡͷϺ֪Ҫĸľɽɽµɽ壬ϺǸˣ

Ӵ̵ĻһСͯľż˿ºһ޵ľż۲һʵϲȷʵտȴģ

˵Щλ̶ʱɣ汲̹ⱱһһ฻˼Һ͹ٻ˼õϵľϵĵͼߵ񣬶ǳɽ֣֮ݴ˵һλһǴʦѧء

һȻ棬ϲ鲻ҿһõĿ̵

ЩȻС磬̵ͨĴСѣͨĲ˵磬óЦ㿴ЩСƷϲȻϺɾˣ

ЩҶˣҲޱ⡣ֻҶ̹պܸȤǺʲôĿ̵ܵôµľż

˶٣ӿֵ֮ǰһӣõþһѿ̵ɿ̳ĶܲѰ˼˺ܳʱ䣬Ҳԭ򡭡

⻰Ѹһ߲м٩٩̸λС磬˿ľȫͶ룬ַֻΧΩΩФ޹أٺõĿ̵еĵҲȻ

ܽˡϲȻԸ¿Ŀ̵Ҳǿնǰɽݷã̽µ̹գϲ֣

⻰ȴ̾˿ˣȥҲǰȥȥɽ飬ߵߣɢɢ﹤ȥˣҲʣһϹͷˣ־ǿִĽȥҲκζ

Ȼǿϧˣ˵գӽӷŵ̵Ļš

ˣϺЩô̼߰ûС⣬׷˳ȥȴѲӵӰ

ʱƱ˳̵幫˼⣬ҪңҲôǮٵ÷ɽܷѰ

СӣôģǮùáϺЩʯٻׯˣɢˣҲͻˣ㣬ֺУúѧգҪǿүүķϣƷһ㵱ƱˣúֱͳǮӸƱ

幫СôȢϱģٸҪҲҶҸ㻻

ûĵСֻԼɽô꣬Ϻˣ˼䣬ƱǺɸֵӣոЩ£ĵĻòҪ˵Ϊ֮ɣ˵ţ̿첽뿪

ƱȴƲƲ죬ļǮߵ֪ô󷽣ҸղžӦøǿ͹٣ǵ£ܣУ

УƱ˾ƹݡ

ڸԶЩlouһ˿Ц⣬ҲûȥƹݣֱѰųͿѼһļǣҵһƫƧӵ񻧼

ź񻧼ҵŴ򿪺󣬿ŵһλ꺺ӣһۣ˼ۣ˭

ֱ˵꺺һţһӽݣ򿪴ϵһأӽ˻ذ

ӻذһεԺӣѸ߳һλŲñ꣬ӣһĨϲ񣺡

Ӱ˰֣Ž֮꽫ñժ£louһĹӣֱӱ㿪żɽص磬鱨ӪϢҲӦյ˰ɣ

ǵ˴ˣ֪ʲôţͷ

ҲᣬȥţҪϸɽµɽ壬гоƷǸƱص㻹Ǹɽ壬ش˵£һЩҶҪ֪ԽϸԽãڽ͵ɱӪأ鱨ӪɽһһǾޱĵطйǾޱ۵Ҳϸ顣ʮڳʱ

ǣȥӦ֮Ҳ飬š

ӳź󣬴һεӳֱӳ˳ǺŴڣƱֱɽʻȥ



ݣ

ǴƹݵĺԺԭԺ£жŲ豭һλ;ĴɱߵĻ㱨

֮ԭЦٳСҲн˵飬Ϸ򿴣˴˳׶༪ˣѾСӵ٣ǰĿĵأϢҲеֵȻرһ£Ϸд㣡

λɱ˳Ժӣ˾ƹݺֱһ䣬ȡһֻǴķݣдõһŰãǷɸϷȥλɱֻ߱˾ƹݡ

ԭھƹݺԺλ£һЩǼλѸ뿪

ǴɱֻʱȴЦ˭˽ϵϷѾһٳСϷǰС

ͷ죬ȻЧ¥ϣ˭kaoɽ¥ڰеʵϣ˴ͷЩСӣ綼ᱻڻҶѵͷ첻㣿

ԭὫϢ͸louݵǼôϷȻҲкУڹ£ɱ֣ܻ㣬ûлˣ

˵գԭͻȻ𣬻ţڴɱ߲֮£ѸϮãһŴӰ֣סλɱߵʺ

϶㱰ɡ

λɱ߲ŷӳȴˡ

ʺסǸûз֮ŰγʱжˣʵͲǶԷһλʥĶ֡

ԭЦһӾ磬Ȼһ

漴ꡯһɱ£ԭȴûзŹlouһ˿Ц⣬һӣȼһһǾʬɱߺܿ㻯Ϊҽ

ɱ˲ͷء

ԭʱ֣ͺȵţٸɽǱеСӵ٣ʱϵ͸louȥûҵ

ЩӦʼжԭвˮ豭һأϷҪ̲ǣ

 ľŰ 

һЩʵǿĳǼ롣ɱӪؾ⼸ķչѾʯ

ԭһ֮ɱ֣¼峤ϵĵ£Ŀ飬Ҳǿ

ǵ츳Ѿ󻯵Ŀ˼¡

ɱӪأѾˡ

֮еĸ峤Գӭڻص֮У½̽һЩ鱨˼򵥵Ļ㱨

ɱӪĹɻǰԭӵչģֻ˸ĳԱ룬ḻļ뷽Ҳڸ峤ǵܽᣬϵҲԽӵơ

ΪĿǰɱӪж壬ǵʵ׼ǰͳı׼ֵģǰϵԪ۷֮ġ

츳ǿ꣬ǵ츳󻯵Ŀ󣬱ֳĳԪصʮֵҲʮֵǿ

ͱһλꡣǵ츳ǿǿ˲ϢУҲ֮нصϵ˻﷢˷ʤ

ÿ츳һΣ츳ǿܹͻ˾Ļô츳ڳӴصıԴӶؾһ;ͬˡ

ǽ˾ڣ塢Щ䣬ûϸµʵν綨ȻǰԭʼϵĴֵģֻ֮ҲͳĴ򣬷ֱΪ֮򣬵֮֮򡭡

ƬĴ½ĸУֻʦ죬ʦʥЩλ֣ЩǹΪ֮ģ˵ؾͶһˣ֮Ϊ͸ǾĴ򻮷ֵĵһģ

½̵ϸɱӪľ˽Ҳûϸµ˽⣬Ϊ׻ƾֵ쵼ֻͳȫ֣ƶķ룬Щϸڷ棬½̺ͼλϸǻĸá

˴ɱӪأصҪ˽ɽеĶȵڳĳ֮УзȨıǶĳϡ

ÿǼλͷϣ϶иɫߵߣӾһͷƤ飬ЩҲܱϣĵ̡

ĳϽһλʵɳ˵˵һ飬峤ŲǶϷкӽȥ̽ΣΧ涾ĵطΣԲߡ˶شΣյĵطﲻֻЩϬǧнΧһ־綾ݣֲݻɢһζȥֻҪӽһɷΧ֮ݾͻһüӲϸƤ֮ʳѪֻҪǻûʳģ

ֲֿĶ۽ֱ֪֪滹ʲô紫˵нһ̶סһֻ

½̵Щ˵Ǿһʱ֤ǿŵģȻǶûϸ̽飬ЩΧƲ⣬Ҳ֪ķֲǶȳͷмϸмǶ󣬻ж˵ЩݣһЩ޷ϵֲʮΣգ

Ǻأ

ǻĳǷųȥ̽顣м䶼һЩʯ̨Բͣ·ͼʮֹϣǴ̶ǲ²⣬һϹż

񼣣Ժǻͬʵǿĳȥ̽ڵ֮Ҫ취ȡ֮ȹϿЩ˹ƶˣ

⻰ڳϸж׷ڤ˼

ûдӺǰҲЩµģаţԼڳҲûۣͲ⣬ǵЩݺ˵ɣҴ˴һҪǰ죬ҵйlouƻһ½Щ˿ԲͬҵĿľҪһ򾡣Դ½ϰһ¡ڻѡһЩǵ;ϲȼβˣһ취ЩУȻЩ̽ǵǳǾ˳ˮۣЩвȫˮ棬һֱǱڰУ»谭

½̵ɱӪضôβ÷ֲصҲһ͸ע鱨ӪǱߵѾֻ̿ҪһЩô鱨ӪͿͨЩ˳ϣҵЩڣȫɱΪ

뵽鱨ӪʼҪǱڰζҪŪĴһУֻҪһô鱨Ӫп׿룬Ҫڸǿߵ֮ǰҪߵһЩ鷳һҪ֮ڣɶĲã

ϸ˴˴жĲá

˴Լʱʱ䣬̶ϸ֮Щ½볤ȥʵʩҲûɱӪضɽֻɽ



ݣĪϴլҡ

մʱٴûϴǰ㳳µ˴λĪϼĪǿ֡

Īǿ˵λٴһҪҪҶĪţྸĿǰѾƹضͻʥ磬ʵǿǿصĵһ£޼ɵɱɵһЩд󳼣ѾʼλҰĵϴжʵûӦԵĻҲжĻྸĵλƻûֹܹ

ϵһλߵĪϣྸȡİİ֧֣ҲڱӻռŴ壬ڻʵ۲أֻҪʵһôǸСĻٷɱ¼λү˳صǻһû˹İѱ

ĪǿԣǴ˴飬Ҫ취ӳྸжʱ䣬취ûʵ۲̫˳ǻĻôྸٶλı棬ΣҲõ֮ʵ䵽İУ

ǣʲôôʵ۲һǵ顭ҵһλߵ

ĪǿȵͿǱʵۣȻмǣߵ·׺·ߣھҪ뾡ְ취ȽͿסȻͼͿҵСӡ

᲻̫鷳ˡ



ͬʱе棬ԾƷǷͯպ׷ˣԼһλͷɴհһʸУȴ޳޲һֻոеŮˡ

棬һȦӣ棬һȦӣ˵λϣλ۵߶Եõü˳ۣ׶ûзʱǲһԵúܳĬ

飬׷üЩ巽Ѿˣ·ԾɴɼɽҲ

λŮӵȻҲָЩˣİһǿ׳ĿǰѾֲλܵ˵λЩЩСΪҪͼıƹĵ֮ʵǾǵóѣǧ˭ץס˭ڲ֮أĹؼ룬Ƿԭļƻ

׷ߵʥŮ£ԭļƻǲ˵ЩЩѾڸɽ·ˣ

 ľž ʥ壬ɣ

ЩˮĲϰˡ

ŮӵȻҪ̽ô˺γ֪ǵĿģӦ䣬ȻİҪɱؼҲǧǰǰҲУɽۻвͨôһӣΪİභӶǼٽģʱȡúİУٻͼ֮һһֺ󣬻Ӧ֣

׷ƺʥŮ˼ˣתλߵλϣǿʥŮµ˼

ҵף

׷ϵȻףȥһЩ֪ôܷǰĻԻͣͿôˣ

λӦ絽ȥˡ

Ů˴Ǽ˳ȥ󣬵ϣ֮£ڸѾǸ鷳ҪҪ֪ͨ£

׷ϵǣţ£ȷʵܼ֣İʵʩƻ󻼣ڳ鷳ҲͷʹһˣϷãж̫̣˺췣òҪ뵽µУǵҪĿģǧֵأ

鷳е飬ǣһϣɱҲǣɱҲǣ֮ѪĽ壬˵дδֹСǿֺּţ

׷Ҳ̾˿ǣСѾŽȵǣ뿪ŵҲڹעһСӽеۼ¾Լ磬ҲŤת򱻸Ķ֣ΣҲҪˣ

Ů˳ĬһͻȻϣ˵Сӵʲô

ӦŮ˰ɣ׷૵

⻰ŮͻȻȻһЦһּȵջ飬òǸŮ˵飬С꣬˩סСӵģԺؽűȻǵһߣԲ棬˵ӣԲʹȻʷȴûзĳͻҲĳЩ˩סСӵģʹҲܳΪߣôڸһЩҲֵõģҲòķ

׷߿Ůӣ̾ھ˶Ϊ룬ںγ˰ǡ֣ĶҩܺȻŬܸıʲô

ŮҵĹâڣɳڣǷԳڳĻ룬ģһжΪڽʢвڱڷչˣ۳ϻӣȫ±ֶΣҲҪǧǰĶʢͻԻͣ

Ůһִʮֿ£



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ֵļȣʱջΧȴһƬ䣬¶ȼͣͺǴһּȺ϶

ʪˮµܿ㻯Ϊһεα飬һֽ֮ػˮֱɱ飬һֱֹѭš

ڵ촰ͶӰ֮£ڵϣͷ֮һɹųУ彥ֳһֵɫԡ

ԱߵĵϣһˮƿӣʱƿѾ򿪣һϢƿΧӲ£뵽Χڡ

ʱӣ濴ƺܰƽ͡

ڣȴѾ˷ڣӷǵ˲䣬ǹɵ̲֮صľǺˮһ㣬ӿ

ĵǣȻʮֵǿ

ڵתΪʼĴײʱûԤϵ˵׺

ڳÿһѨϵʱǼֱһִô֮ǹɷڵЩʧأѪڡ

תʱڶ湦򲢲Ạ̊́ټŹзʽҲ糣ͬµġ

ڽӦִһתӵһЩܿȶסľƽ

ⲿӺھͿҲоⲿҲŶ⡣

˼壬֮˵ָӵ֮ܽΪ¯ֱӴرԴ֮ͨͨţӶռʥ崸Ҳ˾ʥ֮ǰһбҪĲ衣

ΪӳɾʥʮֵkaoʵһܿˣڵڶϣҪ˹ˡ

ҪԼʥΪǰǿʥ壬ͱҪ־ϴʥ壬־ȫеϿףʹÿһϿ׶ܾ֮ţǲǡ

µöǣͺܺõãҲһֱٳٲϽʥ촸սԭ֮һ

ȻҪǿʥ壬ǾҪǿģɳԶģռģһֱе

ʱǿʼڵÿ֮ţǿ񱩵ģһһеƣӵ֮ǹǿƵѹ󣬽Ҳܹˡ

ǿ־ڵÿһ֮󣬶ϽһϴӶʹҲǹ֮һϡ

ͨϣǳӦ֮ʱҲһɷǳ⾳뵽ӵڣڵǿȣҲһºͣɵһȽʹĹ̡

ܹס־ϴʱʹʹÿ϶õ־Ĵڵǿȣ֣ʱ⣬һۣյĿľâܹһǿߵǿ⾳

ʱ󡭡

ɫlouǰ֮ʣʱڵǵ־ҲĵĲˡ

ʵѾڵϾйһ־Ĵʣµǲ֣ǿȽϱЩȫĸǿͿ㣬ΪԺ󿪱¼ʵ

ÿһΪز֮еǾ̹֮̾

һ˿ǵ־󣬴ʱȫÿϿ׶Ѿ־ûоʹ⣬ٴת֮еĵ־ӹԼʥ壬ʹʥγںϡ

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һһʹǹ־鲼ȫÿһϿ֮УѾֱ˴ʱʱӱһһǿо

ʥ壬ǰǿǹƣӸоһּ䣬ǹɴصʥӿշ磬һصĴɽҲǿš

ǿʥĸоô

ˣӶʥ˾׶εĴɽ׶ΣΪҲﵽԲʥ۷״̬

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Ĵ½и˵ɽһϹľ޴ʯɣ紵ܣɾࡣ

Ƭ½֮ϵӶ׷ľԴ

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Ƭصɽ䣬̲ס뵽Ĵ˵Դ˵񣬿ûʲôӡ

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ϴһλǰ棬Ϊһ·ǾȽϤ

һ·ϵ붾ĵͶÿеЩ涾ʱӶ˫۷Ź⣬ͺǵõıһ˷ܲѡ

ϴ˴ǰһֱϬǧȡÿӶֲֻᣬȴһǶе滨ݻϡޣʣèӣ²졣

룬ʵӣϬǧᣬǲѾȡĵİ취ֶȻǹֻ赱һ£

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˰أⷬȻѰ¿һۣѰ³Ƥգ۾漴лȻһ¡

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뵽⣬һɣǰĶϵϣһֻ֮ΧǣҪЩ֮kaoǣڹеĶϢǿʲôܶļ㷽

Ҫ𻰣ȴЩصһۣܶô򵥵⣬òһǰһҺһҩ裡

˵ţרע򶾳ϷʣݿʳľѪ˵һֲǶѧڤݣڤٺơȴȹٸйԣǹʿƻ޿ܵļƷϰ

ϲⶫƻ޿ãǶˣҲãƻʬܣаֲ

⻰ڳ޲ɫ䡣

ɽʱںѵӣɽһˣ

ŶЩ˵ٶȵͦ죬ֱӾҵˣڳߵ£˵ã

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ҡͷЩ֪ЩϢǼٵģصڴҲͳģûʲô鵤ҩԼʵϹջųʶóô򵥣

̾ʲôãԽãʧȥľԽ࣬ҵµµΪ壡

Ӷ⻰ΪȻ

˼ǰһκ󡣶ǰ޳ûһƬ֣һζ߹󣬾ֶܷȵڡ

ߵͣȽȥɣԺ󣬰ԼǸȥȡ֮ᣬѰºǴɯΧǱɽߣЩ˶ɽͿˣ

˵ţ˵ʲôӾʧɽּ䡣

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ļٲˣٵҲ治ˣǷ£ֻҪһܵõ͡鵤ҩҲڻ£

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治ԶмΪһӣǵĵƮݺɽ֮䣬һ飬ܿƹǰˣɽش

ԣЩ˵ʵԶԶҪں¸ϼһЩҪǿܶ࣬Ҳ١

󣬾һЩɢԺˮ֮עҪù

̽ɽ֮ЩޣŪĶϴҲ˵ע⣬ƺ˵ϡصĶھϲУһ˵ĺıɽҲԵ



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һܱ߲ҵҲ˺ܶ࣬ʹɽİյǳмǸҥɢߣҲŵ棬ɢЩҥԡ

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ΪζŶףʵͷʥ磬ԼĲ߾ʦʵļøǿ

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ȥɱ̫ɽֻһλᣡ˵˵꣬վһֵڿԳȥˣ

ٳٶ̬ȼǹ𣬵ŷŭص

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˵գ춯󣬾ҲûϢ



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Ҳֻһ˫νӴ̽ԵĲġ

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ʱɽͻȻһ޺޷ŭ֮ʱŭɽ֡

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ǽɽˣһ˫۾ڶǣÿ˶Ӳ˫۾ӣֻҪ̤ɽУͻǡ



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ˣԼ˿֮ľжЩѣӾ۾һеֵܣܲܰæл

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ʵÿﶼ֪κɱ¾սķʹ

˶ȣӻڻ֮ûҲûɽжܿЩѰˣһµɽź󣬱ʧƬصɭ֣صɱӪء

뿪󣬴ʱΧʼдӿֻȷŪô󶯾˲룬ֻڱԵǽĳ棬۷׷ס

Ⱥ֮Уһλۣ󿳵׳漷˳ߵһӴڣʱȺ˳ߡ

˼λʱͻȻ˺һƤlouһӢλҲ˺ϵߣҲԵúᡣ

⼸˺ߺû˵ѸٴӰȡһƤߴϣ˲ͱһӣۣܲעĿ

Դɽ֮󣬾ÿʱһףһ˺Ѿͬһˣ˴ɱӪķɱĿ֮У˾ͳ©֮㡣

ͷ֮󣬴˲˵ʦܣʦܣǱ̽

ʦܵʦ֣רˣǽɽ֮󣬾ɱЩɱֵֶβ˷ʤǺѾĿꡣûдɱһѰˣȻθֻˮģʵҲ̫ʦ죬Ȼɱɴ˵ǿ󣡡

ʦֵͷתͷԱλһ׵ʦܡ

λʦܵ磬ҸЩ˵٣ǷһЩɣЩɱ˲ͨˣǶĻΪϤǱֶҲǳΧĻһ壬˺Ѿ죬ЩˣСΪרɱ֣ǻǵ͹ǸСЩƹݶʦԣСƲ⣬ڿ±ȵŻҪǿ󣡡

˵գʦʣʦ֣Ҫ˵٣

ʦҡͷмλɲĸ֣ҸҽӽҲſ˴˵ĳ࣬߼˵ӣƾожϣҾ˵ʵṩϵȫʥŮص͹˴˵ʵǽթǻۣΪУֲúã

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ʦ룬ǰ£ǰǵʹˣʦ˼һ֪飬Ҳˣֱӻȥʦ£ʦλ̫ϳ֧֣Щ鱨Ӧԭļƻ

Ǵʦ֣ʦǸŽϺʥŮҪǷʥŮµģֱӻصʦǡ

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ʦܻδ˵꣬ͻȻԴһƣʦֵʦʱһǧʥŮ뽹϶֪ǵݣȻǵΪˣ˵ѾصУСɫǻô

ǵҲǣ

ʦҿ˿ֵڷֳɣһսһɱأҪԼʥŮһ뻢ıƤ·ǣк³ģǻʵʦʵֱڲõĽ»ᷢһαȴֲǻǲҪеĺã

˵ţѸ뿪ɽֲӰ

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䡣ϼѪ

ɽһ֮ڻָƽһɴӳָֻء

ɱӪרΪŵһ߷һЩ鱨Ӫ鱨Ա߻һðĲˮ

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ָôţӵĿһֱǼ鱨Ϣ֮ɨɨ뾲Ĭ˼

ʱӵűƿ̧ͷ˽΢΢Щ⣬Ҳ֮С

ߵߣҲûֻѩ׵ķ˿һͷѩ׵ĳҹһ⣬ڵƹӳ£ЩۣǾӨ֬ļӳɻԡ

û˵ɨϵżһ⿴˿ڵӣǾޱ壿

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ҧҧᴽԥãŵʵ֪Ǿޱ䣬²ǰ㣬ȷʵʦֵĳأ

ţ̧ͷǣǲ֪ʲô

ǵǾޱ壬ڴʱڣͱΪƽأҲڵѰʲôصɽģ

һ⻰ʱһϣģȥ

ǽӵı۵ףֵȻǸӱˣҲ˸׳죬û֪ʵ˵ʱ˳ŷ˫Ȳм

ţٽϵ˿ˣ૵ŷǵɽУһڳƱŷ£ǵȲȳӰ

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ӽӹţ򿪿˿louŹЦݣŷ½ǹǼҺɽһЩܣ游λֵܣÿֵܶͨաѿ̵˵ѿ̵һû֪ʲôŷµĸ͵͵ѿ̵͵ߣȴѿ̵ƴһֻһܹϵͼλǵٵģĹĹϾͼʱŷ˼ܵȵĹ飬˷ץ˻ҹ洦ðһٰӣþͱŷһֱԴ¹ڻʼղѧգԴҲĴԹޣ뿪˾Ʊ

ЩӦþǿ̵Ĺˣ

ȴ˼Ƭ̣ûнĹʲôط

ɵ²λٵȵĹɽĺɽ´ɽ壬־ɣѾưܲ

룬ȥ֪ͨһλ峤ϣԼһλϡǽȥǸĹ

Ӧ뿪

ǵӣΪĹвж

ǲжҲȷһҿԿ϶ĹȻλٵ޵ģûбȻйѿ̵һмѰ

˵գתǵʦ֣᲻ŷ

ҡͷԥã˵Щ飬Ѿز飬˵ʦҲңʦָϹ⣬ϹӢ

һǧңʲôϵ

ǵĸĸǧǨӵģѣʱʶĸҪõֵܣһ졣һжһ³棬һ

˵׷ɫЩ졣

Ӽɫ죬㵭Ȼ㲻˵գҲΪѣ˵ЩˣʦϣΪʲôȫţԼɣ

ҧҧ涡ʹ಻ѣջǵˣޣҸ磬ҲͽܽύǸƭӵĹƻ󣬳ʦ֣۶ţǸƭӣƭͽĿܣҲøҪЮ˵˵ʱۼĵص㣬ȷ䣬Щˣء

˵գ̲ס

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ʹ飬ĪڱԼߵ׽ֵ˳ӴʱϹӢʱ飬ҲΪʲôҪԼŮ˵ЩԸ֣Ϊ֣̫˵ʹࡣ

ǵĿӴ֮лظοллңЩܶңʱ飬ȫĹô꣬˻ԭģ

ǳҭŵڹУһֱǴΣԭһ֪֮ʹˣҲòϣұʦս飬ҪˡҪЩа֮˵õӦеӦ

ӵ˭ֻ᷸Ҫϻڸģû˻ĹִԲһֱȥֻݣ



뵽һλ峤ϺһλϻϺԭίѾ˵ҲûжʣͬسԱһ

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ɽˢѾǲƲܱرʯûʮּӲ޷ֲʳ

ӼҹӺ󣬾ֻԼмõӣܸӦסˡ

ҲûдǴˣɴֱӱǴĹ

Ĺ֮غӷ԰ܱ߱Χǽ棬ǰݣŻ谵ĵƹ⣬û뵽˾ȻȻĹɡ

ϢƹǷʱ˿ûоеˣԾǸסǵΧǽ԰

˷ɢ԰еĹ̽һһʱϵųϣĹεĻزã

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˵ţųڵϻ˻һ֮һλͳϣǱ￴ǷеĹţĹʲô

ͳЩɻؿӣҪĹڱУǲˡΪ

  

ͳ˵ĻҲýԼΪ˵زҪ˼ҵĹ

ǲĹĻҪָõǴھǸܵ飬˭ԸԼء

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΢΢ԥ£ͷ漴˱ȥ

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ЩųϵͷȷʵһűĹĻӦַ֮Ҳ౻õĹҵĽϡΪ˷ֹĹָĹҵĻصеرֱɽҪǿƽĻɽ

룬һģɵɣ˵߼У취ͼĿ̵͵м򲻿ˣҲҪǷǣ˯һǣ˵ţָĹϵͼȷϡ

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ߺӸӦŹ԰ſڵжƺҪţ±߼λ˵ڿʼھɣĹɣвŪ

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˽ݵʱֽΣ㽫Żдϡ

תҪ˵뿪ʱͻȻһƳС֮еһиصļӣڷλ

λͬǣЩλһЩľͷˣ̵ϵ£ǽһ㰴˳ڷţر

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ǵ˽һʱˣԲɻжʱ;òԾˡ

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˴֮ǼҸ̽һ֮ǰʱܲЩط˾סȴ־ûκεϢɼҲʧٲ

Խù죬ֱܵп˿ûˣڸ̽һӵУһƬš



˼䣬ԶͻȻһʯӾ£쵽ĹڵĵطѸٸ˻ȥ

ǵϻĹԽù档ΪͳǾƾʧһ㣬ҲӰ

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Сӣ˵˽أʲô

ʱ֮дһʮֵĺڶУоǹں¡죬ҲŲ

⣬Ǹ֣

ӴʱľƽͣȻ壬ߵĹԱߵǰȻ֪ǵأֻ²ҵ£ӦòֻŻңɣ

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λˣϴɽоƹǸСߣǾƱ˵幫ŷҵ

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Ļ߶һۣߵǱȽºͣӣȻ˽ǧˣôܻǧ֮ЩԤ֪δ˵Ŀɶԣ

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аͷɰʵҲ̫ȷû뵽ͷԼ˵˳ЦеصʵҲֻǲ²ѣ

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ͷʱʼƵصֻõ˸ľͷˣ˵ľͷ¹һ䣬µʱȻҪȴľͷ˲ȻͲ鵽ˣ

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ҪǣӷЩľͷ˶ǶڼĿеģǿȱŵĲûľͷǶ档

ŷָǼľżϵľżǵҵӳǾޱʱģҵȵķУûʬǡеֻǰϵľͷˣ˭ϵǻὫȡڷ

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ʱҲò̽ˣ˵ţתӣСӣʲôϴڳŷǾޱʱǾˣ²ߣҲǲ̫֪£֪죡

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ͨһܵõز᣿

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ڸô

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ӿǼӣûдľżҪȻȥȡ֮ǰϻ

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˵ţóһСɵˮƿӣ֣ؽǳ֮֮ʹõķ

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ӵҲڿʼж

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ȻˣǣҲʱ䣬ѸٳŷɱӪزᡣ

뿪㣬üͷС֮ˡ治ʡ£鷳ҲûʲôĻ·ȻСλ쾳֣鷳ģԷһŷЩˣǰɣ

ŷͷλҲţܿʧҹɫ֮С



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룬λðڵĲԣȡľż˸λǶ뵽ϡ

£˷ӳ

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ʱóǸˮƿӣ֮󣬾ǵҩһƿڵ˵ͼһɾөɢâϸСĩʼ䵽ЩƬ֮䡣

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һȱǱֲ֮ǳ֮ӵĳңǰѳ߳ĳΧģγһΡ

Ϊһͳɹˣûϵǳ֮߳γ֮Ȼоʣ⾳һͻȻйբĺˮӿϵǳ֮ӿǳܱ֮ߵĹθӵľң̵۾ףʲôˡ

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âӵ֮˲ʧ֮Ӵʱ֮һƬסֻǰѳӵӰ񣬲ǳҲܵر۾ǰڰ

Ȼڱ۾ʶ֮Ҳйɳ˽γӰ֮Ӵʱٴ۾ʱµİ׳ڡ

أ׳һǿͼ֮Ƕٴα࿴ʱԼеǻԣԵʮ鶯ˡ

ܹǰӿʱԼǰһʮƯ۵ĳӣǳ֮ߡ

ӵıһʥǻԣйɲҴµͷעѳʱǳ΢΢ʱϾͷ·ӡһǿͼߵǣ˸Ĺâ

ǳ֮ߣ˵ĸܼǳۼɡ

̫Ưˣ

ӴʱѾҲĴѳӸӾ𺶣һ֮̾ȻйҪȥǰѳӵǿͷ

ֳʱ򣬴ʱǳƺԺǻһ㣬˿ŪӲһ

ӷ㶵ʱǳӺȻİת˸Ȧϵİߵ˸ͷ׵Ĺ󣬸˸ܺƤػζ˼£ŻƽӵС

ǳֺ֮һеĸܣʱϮȫ

Ӹǳ֮ߣͻȻܾǸԼĺһ㣬ǳ֮Ҳй͵ĲϣоǸһƬƣˡ

ǳ֮ߵǰĲʵһѳӣȫǹɵģڻţ֪ܲյڡ

ӣӡ

Ѱ˼ʱʱһ󺰽

һ֮£۾һգһ֮䣬ٿУǳ֮߾Ȼˡ

Ѱǳ֮ȥ֮ʣʱͼһεӰͻȻɱҲ룬վôæʲôˣ

ɱ󣬼ӵϹһʰǳԣ񣬾գѽգɿЩˣѴˡ

һСǣʲô



ع󣬱ӵĸ첲ӣøɯȻ˽

˽ˣ

п񺹣Ӧǳȥɢȥ˰ɡôʲô

ҡͷǣҸоԽԽԶ뿪ȥˣӦʱеģ۾ۻȡõʱǰһƬĳУнֵܱо¥̣ƹݵȵȣӦһڳС

˵Щ룬˵ķУڶ·ϽһЩģӦǾǣѵѰºɯ˾

ŷ˿ͻȻ뵽ʲôˣϴɯɽʱһֱأҺûΪΪǸŮ˵·ģʹ֪ʮĸ׺͸磬ȥĸס

룬֪ʲôʱ뿪ȥǵģ

ӦͰӴ֮ɽɽ֮ٻʱ鱨Ӫһɭһ׼ʱø˵ɯߣҾͺȻˣӦǰߵġҸղ˯ѺŸӦѾ˾ǣģ

ԵɺЦЦȻɯĸ׺͸磬ȥǾȥɣҲûʲôˣѰɯߣɯʵҲʥ߸Ķ֣ܲܽߣȥĸҲãҲôС֣

ô˵˿ȻǺǲԶȻģӦõģӣʲôʱҲȥǰҲ뿴ɯĸأ

Щʱ˵ɣȻɯλؾǿĸףǵǻǾȥɣҲȥҵĸף⼸ӦһֱǣңܵȻȥ

ŶȻɯÿɯĸˣôҲżȿҪ

˵ţֵֹܵģ漴һ죬һѣתƻ⣬ӣһڸʲôôڿе̫һˣ

ѣ뵽ǳ֮ߵ飬Ӧڣɫ䣺ˣôˣ

  ֮

ʲôˣ

ӱɫҲһЩǣǲǸղԼͻȻʲôҪĶŪˡ

ϸ̽һÿ֮жһ飬κεطûзǳ֮ߵĴڡ

ӣľЩƽˡ

⡮ǳ֮ߡѧϰĹؼ֮ʧ˵ĻӾҪʹˡ

ôоˣѵѾˣɢˣҲ֮£ﲻͣš

󼱣ӻӣʹһѣʲô˵

ӵõһѰزĹؼ֮ǳ֮ߣһѳӣһУʱһھҲоˣ

ˣ۾תת˼ԭ򣬵ȻһͲˣУʶ֮иһԣ˵ǳ֮ǳĻӦǼܹκεط˵ĸûоĵط

룬ٴö֮Լ۾ʱʶ֮пʼǳ֮ߡ

һ֮£ͻȻʶһԺ֮кʲôͻȻüĴ˳

Ӧһ£ʱձϴǹϤеĸоָоأ֪Ǿǳ֮ߴо



˿ԭһԼʶ֮УֻҪоܻҲġ

ٴ۾֮һĨâ֮ӱ㿴ԼԱߡǳ֮ΧԼͷڻתͺƤСڶ棬۾תתȥ

¸С䵽ϣʱͻȻһĸдͼǳ˲Իģо

תתȥſƣģȴʲôûУپ棬ӣҵûۣǳʲôӰҿ

һתۿԭ龪һϣ㿴𣿡

ǰҿͷ

ˣѰ˼ţȥǳ֮߾Ȼֲˣ૵ǳ֮Ҳֻܿǿģ

ˣһʧתۿԱһˮƿӣʮƯ£ǼƿװʲôƯ

ǳ֮ɳ

ԭǳ֮ɳϡ棬֮⣬ǳ֮ɳ׷ֲҵģǳ֮ɳŶ

ʲôãӺ

ǳ֮ɳܹеϢѪⶫվ棬Ҹо㣬쾳Ҳ׷㣬һ𹦷ϢЧҲԻ֮ĲϣҲԴҲҩЧ࣡

⵹ǺöԺлᵹҪŪһ㣬ڵֻҪϵĸ֣ܾǳ֮ɳԺ˸㲻ĸ֣ܵǲĺö

ƿӽӡһڴصӣ֮Ҫھ͵ɽϲɼһЩǳ֮ɳɣ

Ҳ֪֮⣡

ɵ֮˼⣬˵˹ʱǳ֮⵽УǰһƬ׺ЩİߵǾǳ֮ɳ֮ˣܹһ˿ҲӦĶ

ӻȻ˹ԭ֮ǰǳ֮ɳ뵽ǳ֮еʱʱпİߵ㣬ԭǳ֮ɳ

ʱḶ́Ҳ֮ܿһЩ

ӵı飬֪֮Ӧãĸ첲ƿǳ֮ɳҪãҲŪһ㣬ӣͰȥҵš

ĲСʱҲûʲôҪҪѾˣ𣿡

ѵ˾ûǳɵ°ҲӰģǿ߰ɣ˵ţӵĸ첲ߡ

Σȥ֮󣬺Ȼֵֻǳ֮ɳҵˣƿӡʲôռ

ͷصϴβиǵˮƿƿӾռǿߣ



峿ɽϣһ㱡֣ɽһɴɫʮ

ɽ֮еĿʮ£ȻֵļʮˬִֵطһϾȼٵʥء

ߵĺܼһ·ϼǴ֮Ϸݣ˿ʲôڷɣ˼ʻɽּ䣬һɾ¡

ܿ죬ڲʱĹʹɽɽһ嶥

վڷ嶥֮ϣܱƣɽп񣬰׾ðٸɽµͺƶˣָĺ

ʱڿʯͷͷͷkaoļϣɽµľ£ɸ̾һ

§ļɽµľɫҲЩ

ιľͷ𿴷羰ǳ֮ɳЪϢһȻ뵽£ڷͿʼߴҪɼǳ֮ɳ

ӼôҪǳ֮ɳҪõҲɽľ£˹˫ۡ

Լһǳ֮˸֮ʣӵǵǳ֮ǣͶ䵽֮УʱһƬֳ

â֮ɨܣǱ֮ɫԪɣ죬ɽеҲԪɡ

ǰͼǰһ⾧Ө˸ɫߵܲΧԵʮܼǳ֮ɳӵдϲ벻ﾹ֮ࡣ

Ҳӵı飬ƿ˳ϣɼһ㣬ҪֱȥǳͿˣ

ӽӹƿӣߵǴƬܼĵطһִƿһֶֻᣬڸʲôһǾӨɫ㻺ʽƿ

ۣöŶռʱ򣬵Щǳ֮ɳڱƿͼâ˸Ҳһ󻶺

ܿأռһƬ󣬷ΧдƬƿѾװˣҪǱϸӽ

ӹ󣬾ǵ˱ɫԵʮϲ

ӽԼǸƿӴ򿪣ҲԼƿռ֮ۼдƬǳ֮ɳɹɼ£Ҳת֪Ҫʲô

תʱͻȻ۾ɴˡ

·ʱУҲһЩԪؾɣⲻص㣬ӶͷðǣʱչǰģһȫĻ棬ӴʱУһ͸ɴ

һѪĳ

֮⣬͸ӲɣԺ֮ͻȻ両ֳһŹͷڴ֮;£ǽһֳĻ氡

ǾĲӵ֮⣬Ǵ˶Ȼһ͵Ҳ̫̬˰ɣ

 һ ֮ɳ

ӵ֮Ǽºã͵ġ

Ӵʱ֮ǣǳ֮⣬ʵǴһ۾ͨǳ֮⿴һУԵôڲͬ

˵һЩƽۿĶ֮ܿ ΢ȴ΢档

ٿתɽ֮Ĵ̽£ ܱߴܲнǧ˲ɼǳ֮ɳ⣬һЩۿ΢С

ɽ϶ϣССɽ壬ӿ䲻̫ԶҲǧڵͨ ֮ⶼܿ ʮ

ףʲô

¸ һۣ׼ɽɨӵɽɽͰ滷Ƶһķ嶥ʱһ˸âӤƴСʱӵע⡣

о۾Щʹ֪ʹ֮£۾һգջز˫ǵǹɫĹâҲȻʧ

ٴ۾ʱǰֱǰʶˣָԭ

۾оһЩʹٴǴͰɽ壬ֻһ֮£ǳһôôԶ!

ӵľʱҲŪǳ֮ɳ

ӣ㿴ʲô

Ӷղҿһ ȽϵͰɽһƬƴĶʮأΪֻǧףɲ֮кüԶ!

Ҫ̫ԶĻԺȥɣղŲɼǳ֮ɳﻹж٣

кܶ࣬װüƿ!

һ˿ɣô࣬ǳ֮ɳҲеɽ϶еģֻһЩǳԣϰ𣬲Żγϡǳ֮ɳɽϾ֮࣬һɽ !

ǵǣɽĴ˵кܶ࣬ɽϻϢ

˵!ΪȻصͷ

һ۰ۣǻȥɣҪǳ֮ɳռһЩֿƵһЩҩ!

ҩ ?

ӿ漴뵽Ѱɽʱ򣬾ͱ˳ҽҲᣬ⵹Ҳ֣ɲȻɽ

ֻ·ϣʼղ˵ʲôҩҲʣȴ̲ס룺صӣʲôҩأ

ƾǡ

ǵ峿ûǰԵж֣һѹƬǡ

⼸Ƭǳ֮УѪɱ¼ʵ̫ˣƵ

̫ӵĶ  һɱ¼̫̫ɽˡ

Ȼһѣǵš

Ϊ˭֪Ļʵ۲أһ첻һˣ Σ֮еǣ׷ʶʵһ̫ӻƹܾҪˡ

ٳڴɱ¼ֻ֮ǳ䵱һıߵĽɫֻŵļƻʵʩȴ˳Ҳ˵Ĵɱƻʧˡ

ʧܵĴۣ޷ܡ

Ϊٳڼƻʧ֮󣬾Ͷ㵽˳Ǳһ֮У ͣΪƻʧܵͬʱµЩɱǣ⵽һնɱڡ

֪ǽթյĹˣྸǾԲŹһʧƤӵٳ֣Ʋ̫ԺҲʱӹһ٣֮װһ֮һŴ֮ʱ׼ߡ

ֻڳŴ֮ʱĵȺ򿪳ǵҪٳҪȥڳ֮ʱٳҪȥʱλŮ˶һƥӳٳٵ֮ٳٵĽҲ̧ˡ

ٳٴ˺ɫڴʱ -μ˶ʱѾΣ֮УѾһУΪľ

УֻλɫļƷˣȻǶɴ˿ӰٳٹŮжϣԾֻ˶磬һֱ߽ͦӭӡ

ͻȻ䣬ǰһƬڰٳٴ֮ع󣬾ֱúڲס ͷǺڲ֮йֵϢ

֮£ٳҪǹ ϢѾ룬Ļ᲻˿оһᣬͱѸٴ룬ֻһͷٿһ˶ãҲֵˡ

ǣҲˣ  ˹ȥ !

-λٳ˫ȷ߲·˶ҹ·ŵǵѰ¸ɯ

һ·ϣɯƼĸ׵ͷʮֵǿңʵ첻͵˾ǣֻǳûп

ҲûеȶãŴ֮ǶһǣѰûɯǰľƽһֱԵú侲

ڳŴ򿪣ǽǵʱ;쵽ɫеضǿֻҪɯʱȴط֣ǸɫǿǷʱ򣬾ͻȻֵúڲסͷܿ㱻ˡ

Щ֣΢΢˲ҴλȥķǶ֮Ҳûᣬɯһ䣬˱˳̲ͨ˳ǡ

ٴλصСĳУɯֻĸо

ľͬˣٿʱȴ˵Сдое㷴еѪϢ

Ĺĸ׻ͷǿңѹ⽺еϢ󣬲ɼӿ١

ֵϳһӶѲߵʿܵĴѲӣһЩ͵С̯⣬ԵñȽ壬ûǰͱܿѰɳĵطǰ

ɯ·ʱ뵼ˣ֪ྸ첻ͻȥ糯ʱ䲻ڸУܳ϶Ļȥĸ׺͸硣

ߵſںɯͱſڵסѰʣЩʼջྸһɯ˳Ҳû̲飬ֱӷУ˳һظҹܼȥˡ

 ɯ˸󣬲ʮֵ٣ Ůĵڶ֮ΪѴʦ۷壬·ƮƮӣ顣

Ͼܼĸף鼤Ĺ򣬱ĸ׾סСԺ

ԺӣѾԺ޼ݣ˳˽ûлعֻһιҵžͱ򿪣ֻдһС

Ѿͷ󼱣ҲǷŭȻ ˸˴󵨣Ҳ±ͷҲ˽ȥ

ȥ֮Ѿɵˡ

ɯ֮󣬾ֱĸ׵ԷѾˣĸڴϲҪʱ͵ȥеĸף !

Щһֱ˼ŮһֱûŮ䣬ŮУ˼ҹ룬ѾҲԵò࣬˯ҹȻһֱ˯ţ쵽ʱִ˻ʱͻȻŴ򿪣ΪѾçײ

ûлع񣬾˳˽ûд壬˽ŮŮĺ֮ڿҹ˼Ů󣬾һУͻ˹ȥ

ɯĸ׻Թȥǽ޵øģĻ£Щ֪롣

Ѱһֱ侲վڴ߿λͷѩ˿ɫ԰ף˺ܳʱľл̾һǰοɯ䣬侲һЩ󣬱ھϼ˰Ȼһһ赼֮󣬾ʹתѹ

˹еĿŮŲĸ鱩ĸŮһͷʹޡ

 һһ Ѷ



ʷڸһְйܼңϸеıﲢҪһжϹܼұ

Դū֮Ҳȱӵ˸Ļ䣬Ȼ׻ƾָӪæʼնἷ  һʱ

˵ʵʷµʲֻȱһѣᣬץ֮ǻһŸж

Ҳ̬ԵʣЩչܿ죬ЩǻΪЩͬ͵չ̾ʱʷһֱĬĬڲ֪£Ϊڷٵš

СͶͣΪ˵͵͵סįΪˣԲ֪Уһü˳ۣκǰעֵⷢĽɫ

ʷпϣֻĿ  еү㹻ˣôٺЩ꣬һֱҵҵΪ׻ƾֹԼȫļֵҲӮ׻ƾּԱǵϿɡ

׻ƾ֮УΪĻܺСҳ-͵ĻλˣԿԳƵϵ֮ĵһ

ڱеҶɵЩһֱߵˣȻǵ ʵͻͽԶʷ£ÿμʷ֮󣬶𾴵رһʷܹ !  "

뿪֮׻ƾÿϵͳתÿ궼Ҫ֯ٿһȫֻ飬һߵҫˣڶܹ볤ϵƾ֮£滮ӪЧʷµ䣬ҲɾͣҪְ縺ԽԽӴǿ֯ĺڹ䡣

ڱ򸮾ȻլԺԺӱһԺСӺϲ

סԾӣһֱţʷ¾סӵԱߣû֪ϼ׻ƾ֮󣬱ص£Ѳ޽һθĵҡ

ʱʷ±֣վڵеһյ  վżλߣɼˡ

ǵǰһλͷϱźڲˣԵرһ

ٳ֮ĵһоȫĹ᲻޷˹֪ԼѾ˰ϵ⡣

źڲп־壬оǰˣеﱰɵ˵ǵʲôȻӵĴɱʧˣҲ侮ʯɱڰȻǲʣҲӲ壬ܳȥ˵ú!

ֻڷйһͨٳٷֶЩһֱ˵ʱе㲻ԣֵʲôˣҪʲô

ʱʷڿڣǣڱˣ    ֻҪ˵ǹ˵ĳѨںйصϸѣκεطȫ򣬺Լ!

ǱټϱڲſԷ飬֪ԷЩ˵ʵٳٻ̲סʮ

ʱһֹĳĬ״̬

ԽּįԽٳٵ

ɫҲԥ£ٳٳɵǹ˵ľϸҲ̫ˣȴҲǸҰĲ˽ˣΪྸЧ˽ҲΪԼıûĵطڱһиӻĵص£ÿζǴǵĺŵԺٴԺĻؽȥģǴȥģҾͲ̫  !

ǹɱָʹİɣɱǵЩˣ

ʲôˣʷʵ

ǳ̵!ٳٺػشֵ꣬ɲŪԵĸң쵽ûԶˣ

ʷµͷʱһӶ˹ŵܳǰϣȻ˺ϵĺڲ¶һ죬Ȼֽǰţõԡ

ٳԸԳʱһԴȣʷʣǲɱң֪ȫǣô

Ȼԣ۾㿴ȻҲû취ٳǣȽҲȻ⣬ƭ-ǡɳɫʮͲٿˣǿԱߵһλ鱨ӪĳԱʼ׼¼

ٳֵˣҲû˼ٸ˭ˣЩЩǮԴֻűһҸݵĵطȥ

ٳٺϵصǰİ¥ҹ£λ¥ĹֱΪɱߣߣ̽ߺҹߣɱ벶Χֱİ̽ߺҹߣʵǿҲ֪İ̳ģҲ ûʸ֪

ƽʱ¥ҹͨŴ˴ҵĴɱԭĲˣྸϵλʹİܹȡƹĵ֮ʵİʵʩƻĲ֣һĿǴ̽һӵ˵ϸϣزİʹ׼

ǣֻྸһΣֱǸ磬ƽʱÿһͻȥǸ¹ҳ֪ĳ̵ϵ⣬һҲϵƺҲԻʵ۵λȤҾ֪ôࡣ

Щ鱨ϺӳԱλ鱨ӪԱһۣͷ-ʵ˵ģһЩѾ֪ˣ   Щǻ̫ģû˵ɣ

Ȼ ֪ʲ

˵ٳͻȻʶǰ⣬Ŀڵλ˲С˹ղ˵˳ˣʵ˴¥ҹ֪Ҫǵˣ԰ϵ˵ŵһλϣھżᵽĪĪͨϢ֪Ѿõ 7 ڵ֧֣ʵҲִжȡ֮ʵж!

أǸߵͷĿԭ֮£˵ϸ㡭

˵ԭٳٴŷ߿϶ʮֽƻξģҶԷ϶˽⣬˴ɽжһûԲ룬ֻ°  ǱӶ

ٳٽıȽϸһЩصҲ˽˵֮ϵʳҲɨһգʷҲûʲôֻվʹ˸ɫ߰!

ɻ⣬ʹһٳپǵһͨУű㴫һҽУһŭı𣺡ﲻӣ޳ܣȫ˵ǾȻҪ֣

ţٳٵֱ㱻סЦ˵û˵ǸŮ˵Ķһɱ޹Ĺ˶ӣ˵ҲǸѡ񡭡

˵գɴһٳѸ뿪

ʷ´λ鱨ӪԱ鱨֮󣬱Щ鱨Ϸַݣһݵɱּظ½ܹܣһݸܹܡһݸﺮܹܣָԸȻɸػͨЩ鱨 Ϣ!

λ鱨Ա ߺһֱĬŵҫʱʷܹܣص鱨ϢĽھѾȫˣҪҪɱӪ볤Ӫ׼չɨж

ʷ룬ҡͷ²ϷǱߵ鱨ܹϸķٳʸ!

ҫͷͻȻһĴ̬˵ܹܣʣΪʲôȥѽǼһɱӪزˣǲǼһϽѽ

ʷһŹֵؿ ҫһۣȴͻȻ̾Һγү˼ˣҲں⼸죬үʱȻͻˣǰ±ǣûүָ㻹ǲҪȥɽүͷ !

˼ҫѵƤȣɿʹңǼʷͻȻֵλͻȻܾе㲻ܶžĶ

 һ ǳ

*

ɯĸŮžۣһĸŮ֮£֪Ů úܿģҲڷġ

תͻȻѰվһߣԵúܰѹɯ

ĸɯҲѰͬһģЩΣĸ׽Ѱ¡

Ѱ¼֮󣬾ѵ¶ЦݣѰҲߣŶŮ룬˵˽

뾸ĹУɯҲʵ˸Щԭ֮ྸͽ͵˶֮

Ϊӵ£һֱྸĸӹϵܽڶУÿҲֻǻһĸףõϢྸһ仰ûУַ˶

ȥ꣬һֱûٻֻÿζ˴Żƾ˼

ɯЩҲͦΪĸѹŮ ߣҲûи֪ĵ˵˵ȷʵܼįྸҲȽ䵭ƽʱѾ˵˵ҲûиµˣⲡҲȻѻ

ΣɯͻȻǣҵŮǲȻҲ࣬Ů˺öࡣ

ɯĸ֮У֪ʱŹĺܿ죬Ѿ ˼ˮ͵ˡ

ɯʱ䣬ĸĵĵʱͻȻ洫Ѿ ʺү!

һ⻰ɯʱɫһ䣬ԵЩң¸ļο˼֡

ʱűƿͼྸ  ͷϵڶҲûȡ£ҵĽҲû𣬲Ƚߵİʱޱؾͽݡ

ɯ飬ྸȻ糯ʱ֪ˣڻ·ϣһֱڿôТŮ

ɱĻϾԼŮȻûи飬ϾӰ첻ãԺϵλҲӰġ

ǲɱĻһ뵽Ǹ£ƵҪЩǿЩǰϥСӣзߺ޲ѡ

ܶԱ˵Ҫֺõ裬ԼŮȻ ˽һ ϵܴ裬ģ޲Ӷ졣

ТŮֻʣһƬ飬·䵱üֵӣƸȦףǸʹ޵Сһ

һ񶾵ļƻѾγ !

̴ʱУڼɯ֮λԵүʱ֮һâҲ˾Ͼˡ

׼ҪõӵŮ꣬ô̵ʱӵʦΪ

Ҹɡù ǣŮ ϣһĪһһǿҵҪĳ嶯

һ˲䣬λԵү˼תٴθı˳ԣһ۰֮ɫ۽ǼһᣬŮЩ궼ˣ ÿ !

ɯСλ־Ҳ

ʱͻȻżλͿ׵ݣɯǱᶨĮԴģͻȻ俪ʼЩҡϾףһ̣ĸ䲻ǲǰТ !

ྸǰ׼¹Ůסһ̽ڵǹɲǼ䣬ǹĶҩһ㣬̰ͷŴ

ȻԻ쾭ѾͻʥǰԻ쾭ʥ쾭Ĳֲȱı׶ˣڽʥ֮һЩ׶Ҳ¶˳

ǣܹŮڵȫôϵı׶ˣܹ׵ĵѽһܸһʥɣﵽ**״̬

ͷһ𣬾ͲɶֹӿץŮ֣ʼûзſ޲˹

֪ ĳϲʱˣһĨ֮󣬱ſŮ֣ɫ˵һйذĻ˵ҪŮλͲҪ뿪ˣҪúòһøףϣܹڸĸϥ¾Т

ɯʱһЩ˵жپЩΣҲᵽ֮飬ྸҪڸУȴгٳԥûдӦ

Ů˵һ֮ྦѾ  ƻϵıһ ֱֵĺܺã˿ûб졣

 תͷͻȻлվһλŮӣȻŮӵòЩʸУһλ˼ɫɲǼ䣬λүռеͷһĨź󣬱һֱѰ£ʣλǣ

ɣྸڵΪ޷͸ѰµΪŸĿֱֱ

СŮѰ£ү!

ѰºεΪྸĿʱ񣬻ǹɹоΪ

֪λүȻ⣬ɯڣҲֻǵؿһ䣬ͰȴѰ˼ţỹǴɯ뿪Ͼǳˣɯﲻס

һֱྸŮû뵽ȫһֽֽģиˣʱˡǷԸܼ׼ϯ

ྸԹ۲Ѱ°죬ܸоԷأ޷ϸҲ飬һ±ȥĸŮúģɯҪú㸸ȼ˵˵Щľǰ!

ЦգྸţѰ¿ǸӰȴ˼

ྸţһֱߵ͵һԺһλĸԸǰȥף!

λĸ󣬾 ȥ-ȥ ˡ

ྸ˼£ʱһλĸ£Ը׼ʳڲǧھϰѩҪκ˿ȥ!

λĸҲ뿪ྸһĨâ룺ȻʵȽĹʱʲôɲˣѰ£Ѱ£ûյĻôֻǳһط!

뵽ྸһ䣬³֣ !

ɽ׻ƾѵӪ

һֱƧҵоǳ֮ߺеİһĹ֮ӱѾǳ֮ߵĹ˸ε

ǳ֮ߣδǳ֮ɳԼչ⾳ʹǳ֮ǳ֮Ϻᷢǳӵ棬ֳһЩϵͼ֮עЩͼ֮ͼʱĿǰ״̬ӶԻһܹö

Щǳ֮ɳǳֳ֮ݣλ˵ġǳ

ģǳ!

͵һ仰˼ӾͿ⣬ûйԺͷԣֻһָԵıͨӦ֮

ν죬˵˷֮ʹ˵֪ǳʱӽŴܹ˸ֱ۵֮еǳ໥Ӧȡһ΢ϵ

򵥵˵    ֮ͷǰǿգᱻЩǳǰ־ժҲֱ۵˽ǳһ Щء

νǣͷһ֮ϣǺ񷡣

⣬ǡ   '  İ !

 һ ת

ǳİ֮ 󣬶ʵҲû̫ѡ

ĿǰѾ֮߱ͨ⣬ͨǳ֮е΢ۣ֮Լ⾳Ŵͨ  ĿǺеȺǡ

΢֮УǴĿ̫ƺҲһźǣɢĹȣҲֻԾԶЩǳԵøֱۣ˽ĸܵŵ

ӽ˼֮󣬾ͷİһ̫ԶܽĿЩǿ֮ǻԶǳÿһöǣܹ׽ǵһβ׹Ĺ켣

˵⡮ǳѰزĹؼڣһֱ̫Ѱһ ϵǾҪϰָԹ յ

ѵزĹǲǳ֮еô

Ժ֮ͻȻðͷ֮Ӽ޷ֹסŹֵͷһֱȥ

?

һŲ۵ĺ֮Уһ˺׾쵽ȴûзϵĺ֮ϣ

ӵ˼пհļתһֳ ߼˼άķʽ룬ͨ΢ۣ֮Ų֮еǳһֱڲͣš

ֱֻҪܹ̽Ѱҵǿزĺǣһĸоʾӵ֮еһֱӦ

ֻÿһǳĻչ֮иʱûĸоҪӽеǳ̽Ѱ飬¾һʱ䣬Ҳɡ

Ѱ˼ǳּ֮ ˼ά룬ԭԼǾ֮УĴ֮ķֱ𣬶ÿ֮УĴޡ

ǣԼڵһʱ֮ж⾳֮Լ˻Ϊǿյףֺƴ޵⾳֮УԼ־Ӱ죬ʹڵĸ ޣȻںϣγһ塣

ô᲻Ǻ֮еһޣټе˵ԼӵôԼӦģ᲻ǿ֮еĳһޡ

ģһ׵磬  il  ׵磬ǵľȻйء

뵽ͼڣӸоץסʲôһ˿

ӣӡ

ͻȻץסһ˿֮󣬵ʱһϲк֮ȴͻȻ䴫˳˼ά

˼·֮ӵɫ

ʱһСӣ޻ϲܽӵҲûɫеӣ㿴ҳɹ˾ת裬ҺøŶ

ҲܵǻӰ죬ɫҲ˹ôģõĺӣЦʲôҩ裬ôģ

ǡת衯棬ǳ֮ɳ֮ɳǬ֮ʯټ֮ᣬ龧ǣԪҶЩҺͱռ ˽ǧĲϣټһЩֻʱڵ֣þŲľת֮ںһ֮󣬾ƶɵģŶ !

˵ЩϣΪѰĲϣɵ˿ſĵô༫ΪϡĲƶɵĶӦüΪŶԣô׵ˣһô̵ʱڣ"

⻰ֵط һۣȻֻɼϲϺĵһֻǽںһЧҪȵڶǳȻս⣬תƳɹ!

?ô˵תֻǸΣѵûɣ˸ʲô !һֻǳΣ͸˳ƲƲ죬ȴֺŵʲôã

ŶԼֻҪƳɹ¾Ҳᾪ̾Чġ˸ӣһء

˵ ˣҲûʲô˵ !ʵǳĺ棬ȴһνӣҲûʼűϵ˼·

˿᲻ȤӣЩ٣С֣һ۵ת赱 еһֲϣѵͲô𣿡

תǳ֮ɳҲŰɼģԪҶϴȥʱĳ˲ע͵͵ɵģҲǶ׷ɱҪԭ򣬶龧ǣϴڷѩʱïһҲģҾͲ֪ô !

ʱǸ轴СŮͷ֣زӣ˽𣿡

ҡҡͷסļģֻҪÿľͺãÿ˶Լ飬ЩСܻñ˾˽ֻҪ㲻Υ ׼ڲ˺˵Щ飬ֻ˵һСܣȨ˷û˻!

ЩоͺǱһɸжůţһҲɽסţͷǿؽͻ֮У ĺðð

һ̣֣ԼҲᵽ˰ʲô⣬κͿݡ

§ļ֮˵ҪƵⶫȻҲ֪ʲôãⶫ죬˵֪»̰Ѫȷ磬ҪС !

ʱ̧ͷ΢ĵ˵ӣ⡮ת衯籾ϵһ֪ܣھŲ鵱нת䷽Ʒҩʵ־ߣǿӵоŴĻᣬһλһǿҲ˵ҩ˻

~ !

ţصصһоǱһ ݺôһ£ľЩʧء

ľ֮£ö֮ʹԼľƽ

  

ص˿³ҲƽŵΪʲôҪĶûʲôģοҩȻӵоŴĻϣǧ꣬꣬ãôãûѣûˣֻ ļįֵ?

ֻҪң ģܹԶһôһУֵõ!ص˵

ӳĬ

ʱ̧ͷֵӣʵҺǰ֪ܺҲҶκ˵ãҲǽѹԼǱʶ죬ʱ룬ҺͬһֻҪƳҩʹսԺȻܹţһҾͲãҲϲˣܿģҲῪġ

ڲ?

ҡͷҴԺҿûʵܿģԺԭ뷨ֶҡˣúϲ㡸ҵõӰ£Ҳʼݸ飬Ҳʼϲ㣬ǽһֱڱӰ£ҵˣҷ֣һ  ĵ飬ʱҾ֪Ȼˣ飬ȴʼսţҿþͻῪģÿģҲָͬоҲϧ

ԣֿĵ飬㣿⡣

ҡҡͷ氮꣬־񣬰㣬!

 һ 

*

ɯ뵼¶ڹ뷿֮¸׿ģɯͼһЩĵ

ΪĸĵŨʱߵѾ ǰ֪ͨѾ׼ˡ

ɯžϴãѵõĺãµ·ʱҲзͷε󣬱ŶŮȥ緹

Ѱڼྸ֮һֱЩǣܾ˵ıǱһɿаĶ

ʲô벻ס

֮󣬿аڷһźܴӣмλɫŮˣʱҲϹϾվһߣû

ͺܷʢྸˣźͰ׵Цݣʾɯߡ

ھºѰ¼Ҳɯ׿λǱվŮŷ׷Ҳ ɯѰ¿һĻɯ΢΢üͷ֪ЩŮһྸɵӡ

ྸ ŮԼÿ˵þָ֮ɯ˵ЩĻɯǼλɣЩɯ֮ϯ

ϯྸѰ˵ д͵Ŀ׻˵һЩɯСʱ飬ʹձǢ󣬱˾ƱҪͬ

һЩأɯСͶ-ྸ ԾƱҲƱ뾸Ҳһ֮ྸȽо£Цˡ

ѰףɯƱҲֻǴ˶֮ʱҲ׼ʱһǾζͻȻɫ΢΢һ䡣

ҽʦҲҩʦеĳɷֻһţܴжϳ磬Ȼ˿̷֣оȻаѩĳɷݣо˱ӡ

ྸûкȣһĨâЦǺǵصѰ¹ǲƣ

ѰµүС֧ Сϲ嵭ʦɽҲأԲƣү!

ȻˣǱҲǿʳҲ嵭ȣ⣬!˵ྸ˸˳˿ڣſʼò͡

¿Ӻྸ۾ʱѰ£ҲûжӵĴ㣬ֻǿɯЩ죬Ѱ¹ǲθ?

һֱɯһЩɯСʱϲԵһЩˣɯҪԣྸĻ󣬼Ѱ һֱ϶Ҳͷ¿ӣתʣ㣬ôˣЩ㲻ϲ𣿡

ѰһֱԥҪҪⳡ˵ƣ֪˰ѩֺҩĻôٷǧĻ߽֮£ͱһƻãסʹ޷˹ҩ

ҩڤ֮أϼ亱һǸ޷ʶҩģȫûϵྸ֮УȻּΪԵҩǧѩǶԸǿߵĿǡ

үȻŻģԴӾѧϰҩҽĴҩ˿ҲӴǧѩ֪ʶɯܾܿͻλĺݶүĶ֡

ǣҲ޷ȷΪĶྸļˣѵԼļҲҪɯŮʳӰ

ʱּв˸ɯߴɯ÷漴תͷѰµѰ¹㲻ϲʳóٸһЩɣϲЩʲôֱ˵⵱ԼҾ !

ĸҡѰʱҲ֪ôˣûоЩĵصҲûĻʺĿĲǺ֪Ʋҩɯһ˺龰ԥ

ֻɯʱѾӣһЩϲĲҪ

͵ʱѰ¿һ

' 

ɯͣرѰ£㣬ôˣ"

ྸʱɫ˼ǻ۳λүӵµľֹϣѾ֪Ů ֪Ʋﱻҩġ

 룬ྸɯҲûٳԣվѰµѰ¹ĶǱˣֻǾһһټҳ㷹ѣѰ¹Ǿñ˹ʧֻ֮ǹһٴűòͣԴðʧˡдܣܼңͿ!

㡭ɯྸȻѰ·Ҳ֪Ѱྸ⣬Ѱµֵ㣬㵽ô ?

Ѱ¿ɯã㻹һȥ!

ɯʮֲᣬʱྸȨүѰ¹һϣҲϹأүƽϣȻ˲ðڣǿͣҲܵ绻һݰɣ

ྸǸˣԴ˰Ի쾭֮䣬˸Υ־ʱĻбŭת֡

է һྸݣŵһ򫣬ЩҪڵأԱߵɯȥסףû°!  "

ྸɯʱǹɳʢĹâңʱǱ壬ѰվٸߺһܼңλѰ¹ɯ뿪 !

ѰԣҲ֪ô죬ºƽǵĻǲܽɯǵĻ˼ҶѾһΪѣ˿ûӦеƣ͸һ³ŮһΡ

ϾѰµԸˣҪĻ͸λү

ˡ

ʱܼҴ˽ʹѰһλɡ

ѰʱĿҪˣɯɯߡ

ɯʱЩ⶯֪ټȴץס֣ɿɯԥף뿴ĸģǡ

ʱ᲻ĸ

ܼҡྸʱеıѾ޷

Ҳ

Ѿﵽ˼ޣɫΪسܼҿһۡ

ǹܼҿ-Ҳŵûһ飬    һγѰµɣˡū !

ѰʱһҲô࣬ţӰһΣʧԭأһ ɯߣһֵɯǵĻĻ˵ʲô

!

ྸʱѰţо

ĵ缱ת֮£֪ԼһλǰûжԿʵһ䣬һ˵ؿɯɯĸ׺͸ȥǼ˼֮ǰС£˴⣬Ҳԭ㣬ĸ׼հɣΪĽõġ

һĻʱɯҡڲ

ʱҲ׺ɯɯ±סգ׼

ߺ𣬲Ҫ׺𡭡

ĸ˵ɯһҲһѵľأΪô꣬ӦûԭĹʧҲԼ顣

£Ѱ½뿪ָöôģ˽ѰµԸȥĻ𣬻һֱھεģԼĻĸ׵ġ

Ѱһ˻ȥָôӺͽʡ

뿪ĸ׸öôģĸѾ˹һΣĸ׵ġ

߶޷ᣬô죿

 һ ħ֮

ɯǸϵ麱ԵŮ磬ҲǸТ˳Ů   

Ϊϲһˣྫϵʹڼţʼû뿪ĸ͸ӣҲûΥ游׵־ⲢǺ£һĺǣ

飬ӵϲһʱ⣬ֽʶ㣬ҪõĽãһӱ飬ҸţɯҸˡ

ֻʼһǣҡǾĸףи磬ʹǶףҲû־Į

Ȼ˽ֶǺõģǸʹۣܻһҪࡣ

ʱ˿̣ɯ֮ڲͣԽǺʧȥԽǷŲ¡

뿪֮ĸ׻ܲסһֺºѰھȥľʧ

Ѱ´˿ȴģ֪λүУи˶ϣŽͰˣɯĸףֻΪɯùһ㣬ȴպºٲǣҵȥ

ʱɯĹ£ԥѰܲλүնģһֱ˵ɯġ

ྸԽα׺ͱ֣һŻȼգͺڴʱ˿̣ʲôȻľɯ˵ã£ʧȥһУϧ飬ߣ

㣬ҷŲĸףҡ

Ѱȴֵ֪ΪʲôֹԷΪղŵľͲҩ㻹飬ܻʹ;ģ뿪ԴҶã

ɯסˣǾʱҲסˣŵྸүҩ

סڣ

ྸʱŭѾﵽ˼ޣҲ޿̣صѰµ뿪Ȼ㲻ԣݹֱˣˡ

˵գʱͻȻһӿ˽ΧסҲλߴǻóĵ˳Ц룬عСߵŮˣֻҪץǣСӲԹԾͷԼ

ɯԣʱѰ¸ղ˵Ƿ£İ֮˴ȡʹ࣬ԼҲҪάϵУ

ɯɯ졭

Ҳ˹ྸһŮȡҵ飬ŮҪߣߵԽԶԽá

ߣѾˣ

ྸȺһ˵λϣŮ˽ˣڱŮԻ̣ͲͶλˣ

˵գྸͻȻһ˹Ҫ׽ɯ

Ѱ¼״ʱ⾳ţʱܱһǿʼӿλ߲ɫһ䣺һλŮӣȻҲλףϣֶԸ

˵գλߵһݣųΧӿѰµ֮Χһ˷ڣ¡һǿŰ÷顣

ѰҪֹྸ׽ɯλߵʵȻǵؾףһĲ֮࣬ʵȴҲСС

ʯ֮䣬ѰֻǴྸжλ߱ĽһжѰһжȻ·壬Ҳ޷λߵľ

ɯʱ˿̣ѾһλĸףѾκεĻˡ

ྸץʱҲһݣΪ˲Ѱ鷳󣬲飬ྸץ֮ʣ㵽һӺ档

檣    ɯŮܡྸʱŭƱǸӲ棬һ÷飬ʱеǷ׷׾Ժֻȥ

ɯҪӣྸȴᣬʱǻѽΧסɯڸʱȴһ˫ƣ򴰻ڡ

ɯֻٶ㣬ʹһƻգǴ÷顣

ʱྸӰٳʥΪҪɱɯܹ쵽ģҪǻ׽Ҫһ͵ĹֲԻ쾭ı׶ˣǱκ鵤ҩҪѰļƷ󲹣ྸǱаԣôܷŹ

ʱҲ˲Ůˣ֮󣬰ԵһƻɯǸҲһԶ

ɯˤڵأ˿ѪҪߣʱྸȴѾһ˫˹

ɯɣ

Ѱ±λ߾֮ʣۼɯͣҪץд󼱣һ˫һתһɼΪǿӿ漴ǹҲʲôֱλͷųǿһ



һ֮£ǿ󾢵˲仯һõľųλߣҲǹɲӰ죬ݿĿʼ¡

λۼԷʵȻǿ֣Ҳ壬һϮʱ㣬˳һ˲㱻ɱһѪ

Ѱ½ᣬ˳һͣһƽһϮྸྸƣֻ÷ɯһתһǴӡ

ǴӺ¡һݴ˸󶴷˳ȥ

ʱλճ˫ÿεĹƶΪѰ²òٴͷ    ɯʱյĸѾܵԺΧסʱλ˳˳Ҳֻʦʵɯŭһһ㣬һɫȻһƣǶȻϮȥ

䣡

˼һóƣҪȫûϵڹ֮ǲŲʱͻȻſ漴һڶĿӿһ˺Զ

˷ɳȥ֮󣬿Ѫˣ֪ǱļԻ˺ˡ

ྸɯԺһ־ͻˣб޲ǿҵջʱȼյĸӵǿңܱǿԲһС

ʱһֻϻֻҪõǹֲԼȱʧΪ

ԭΪԭʵϵλ׾٣űǿߣټʶǿߵĳ֣Щÿ˶ǿȽЩ˳ߺһǿĸӵĳңﵽǰ

ƾʲôЩ˿ﵽͷϣűûԿıǮҪǿ֧ĵҵҵİҲ

ǼʶǿǷ֮ʾҪͼı۹ҰĸӵĳңҪǿЧȥЩˡ

ֻӣϣ޷̱˵ӣϰ㿴ҪЩԼͱøǿΪѭǿʳķ

ʱ˿̣ྸѾħģǲԼṴ̊ͿǿѾʧȥǡ

 һ Ѱµŭ

±˽ɯס޷˳ѰµҦߣŻ֮ྸѾྸĶ֣ĸף͸˼ɡ

ʱתһλ˵͵Ϯ󣬲һ֮ϱ㰤һƣһģྸһ˫֣㽫ץУסĲӡ

ԼŮӦΪԼİҵ֮·׳ԼһУһжģκ˶ܶߣֻ

ɯྸץסһо٣Ѳ

꣡

͸оƺ˺ѿд󾪡

ƲһţǾˡ

ţԼĸ˺ʲô

үŮҪʲô

ʱҲྮѾʧȥǣ֮ǿҵռеľ𣬾ˡ

ྸԻ쾭ͻʥأԴ֮ һʱеֻҪʲôõйĿ˿־

ĲҲΪһλ޵ķȡԪµģȻҲ䣬ﵽ죬Ȼްڡ

ʱྸȻô˵˺ԼŮ֮£Ҳķŭˣ˹˹𣺡ŮޣҪʲô

ྸʱĶħٺʲôܣʧȥ£ֻѸٽɯסȻϵ͹ԼܹͨǴ󲹣Ϊһ

ʱһеץסҪɯ



ྸ˾ȻҵһĨħĺ֮󡣱һ¡һƣصغ˾֮ϡ

һѪ֮嵹ؼҲûϢ

֪  

ɯһĻʹ˻漴оԼһ˿ϣҲ֮ˣһ̣ĸ׵ĲһƬհס

ûҲûɫеģֻıʹ࣡

ѰҲԺͻ״ҲǼȵ𾪣λаүȻԼŮŹɱԼӡ

ʳӰȻ޲飡

ֱˡ

ʱѰеһŷŭĻ棬Ҳȼƽʱ˳ʱڱŭ֮ųǹǿƣþλ߶ʱоѹ

Ѱ´ʱŭ£ֱӴһʮġӡǹɴŻһǿҿ񱩵Ǳһڵλߵ߱ը˿

¡

죬ྸھҵĲҲڷ緢˵һ㣬Ϊģӿ

ɿģ顣ͷʱضֵɹƣǸо߾ͺʮڲǣȽεķĿ񱩺֮£ȻҲǼΪ

ԺЩˣڴʱ˿̣Ǿһ㣬ѰҲһùǹɿ񱩵ڱѰ´֮ɲǼܵʸûУֱӱǷľʯ͵ذײɣеֱӱĴɵʯֱӴ͸壬һѪס

׼ҪΪྸǹɿ֮ʣеĶһͣһʯ屻һɿĴţʱ˹ɯǰһݣһǿʯɳȥصһλ˵ϣλ˵ֱӱһѪ

Ǻɵʯ壬пʯҲӸΡֱ֮д͸һѪྸܵһɣɯصڵϡ

Ȼ۾ԵֱֱĸףһƬҰף·û֪

ྸ֮гôĶڴʱ˿̣Ҳʹھ֮еĸǹɾһЩھǱǿߣʼʶ飬ǿ߲롣

ྸȻڶǿֵһãҲǸӰˡ

ǣʮҪüֵ

һ̣Щܵˣ׷ྸȥ

ɽӪء

Ƴ˾ת裬ӷϲùҲûٴӣ׼ٻȥоһ½ĵڶʵʩ

·ϣȻԼӦõ˼Ĳ

þȻŭˣ

׷ʲô飬ȻƽʱܰӺ˳˱ŭһ֪̽ôʱڱŭ֮УҲһֱҲΣ֮С

õֱӦҲ޷ˣڵʵͨ߸κβҾٻ飬õԣҲֱŭ

ѵɯóˣ

뵽ܣĴ󼱣һʱ޷ں̵ܶʱڸİٶ·ǣǽ¸ӣҲľңǣá

ȥͻȻ뵽ǡ

һλ쾳һ׵ǿߣȫһʱ֮ͨǿΪ⾳Щϵǵ·صʵʩӪȡ

뵽ӰһǵӸȥԶԶؾʹУǡǣ

ǡǴʱоˣԴϴ¶֮ľٴȻĺ۾ӭ˳ȥ

ߵſڣͳ˹ŽУеǡǣ㣬ٶȸǣɯӦóˣҸоñŭҲ֪õӣǷʲôش飬ǲģǣһҪȾǣ

ǡţҲɫһѰɯҪĻȥɯĸףʱҲڳѰºɯҪӣҲӦˡ

ڷ⣬ҲΣҲԥͷһٶȸϵǣŸһ·λܱߵһЩ    ۾Ӧ£Ȼϸһ飬ǡǵͷ֮Ҳ飬ӰһΣʧԭزӰ

ʱ˫־һҲԵʮֽţĬĬ૵һ£ãҪ֧һʱһӪǵģ

ྸ

Ѱ򿴵޷ܵһĻоŭʹڱŭ˲Ҳÿ񱩣ڷŭ֮ǹɾ춯صƺѹǲǿ𶯡

ȻĶȻҲˡ

ŭ֮µѰ£ʱΧǷ޹飬Щеǣܲǿĳ׷׿Ѫȥ

·ģףͷʱѾ޷ǣסѰµĹƣڽڰˣȻǲûʲôˣĹƣѾǵؾˣкȻ

Ѱסףͷ֮Ƴྸ첲֮Ҫٴץɯ

ôɯٴףմһǡϮǿ޺ֱˡ

 һ ľż

ףռƷ⵲ѸͶٵı˫ײ֮һǾ챩죬

õͷֱףףڵʱƺһѪ˿ˣĹƣѾջˡ

Ѱ¼ףҲõһ϶ʱԥһݣݵһ̮ķݸǰһһ㣬嵽Ժ

ྸ֮£ҲֻлĴۡ

ʧȥǵʱҲ޷ѰµǿһǴĳʯӻĸ첲ڴʹ£ǻָ˼֣нһʱѰ³ԷҪȡɫһڻָǣҲ侲

תۿڵ͵ɯ˳Ŀȥ

һǱʬྸľͺʲôݺݵشʹһ£ʶСһô޴顣

Ѱ³˹ͬʱʱһ㿪㲻Ķ֣

ྸ񣬾ѰҲûйڣûʱʹѰµļƣҪ

־һ˲ȷжϣһݣһҵķ֮һ

Ѱµһơĵ֮ϣһ졣һӡ

ƿྸ֮Ѱ±ڵϵɯۼףһתӡ

ӣ

ѰһݵԺʱ򣬸ͻȻһ޺ȣһʹΧƺܵһعô󴫳ı˶Ĥʹ

ȣԲףշ˵ʱ˵ءһλ֣

ף׷Ѱ֮ʱСһȽУ֪ʲôˡһۣҲִʲôʱͻȻ˾ǡ

ҲЩʱձе¥ϣҵ֣ȽסŮˣǶǵļƸ

ѰʱŵԺ󣬾ͼʱһߺܿسҵסȥ·ҲܴʲôˣһǡϮֱ¥֮СѸתһӣ֪Ըֻһܻ׽Ľ֡

ӣѷɣ

ף׷ҲѰµͼһһϣѸѰһǿϮ֮󣬳ƱѰµȥ·

ʱλ¥ҲΧλγһεİΧѰм䡣

Ѱ±ɯƲһ֮ǰ˵ףѸ׼˵ͷͻΧ

ףͼѰ»ᣬղű˵£ʮѻټɽĲеķŭȫᵽһ˵ͷϣԸϵ˾ǣŮףܷŹ

ǣף쳽ͻϮϮĿҪѰ»ɯ˵һ˻С

ףҪ³ç¥ҹһ

¥ҹǽŸϵ˾ǡû뵽ŵǣྸͷ飬ͼѰߣ˳赲

ףһȥ֮ĿҪɯۿΪʵȻԼŮҲŹȻҪܵͷֻɱŮˡνүͲҪǵĿƣԹԵܡ

Щǿ߲ɵӣȻóɯһĹ˰Ի쾭룬ǶôľջģвĴڣȻҪȸɱѿ֮С

Ѱ¼ףһɯġֲҽɯ£ɯֻݴˡԸⷢ顣һתԼеǿɯסһǿ



һ£ܵ𶯣Ѱ¸оѪڣƺһǻѪ˿

Ѱλûסһ֮ʱյоâץס˻ᣬ±Ѹٲȥ׼һѰº󣬽¡

ж֮ʱͻȻһожϮ漴š䣬һһֻڼ廹ߵľ룬㻯м

Ȼ˸͵Ϯմŭת۳ԺŸ￴һۣߣϣҲҷҲ˵Ϸ򣿡

Ǿô΢΢һ飬ջʧ

Ҳû˼ȥ治֪ʲôʱǱļС棬Щˡһָͷܽ˿ûзץǰŮӣʰЩСϡ

šҲûᣬѰ·ơһ¥ҹףγΧ£ѹ֮ơ

ѰԽԽɯ񱻸ղĸױɱһĻ̼ľһʧ֮԰ѣûпй뼰ʱ赼УɯһֱȥܴҲġ

ȻѰءֻ˼ת֮ʣ¥ҹһǡ˻ƣϮѰ·֮£ȴףץסᣬһŭϮѰµĺ֮ϣѰ¿һѪѾˣʱƾҪ¡

ס֣

վҪ֮ʣʱһ֮ٴδȴֹжģأư磬ʵҲ͡

֧ԮĿϷŹסѰµĻᣬҲûᡣץϣڻûȥʱͻȻһСٴγ

ǻΪǼСڰҲûᣬж

ֻǵСڽӽʱͻȻʶЩоСһ˵в΢΢Ծ£ֻ÷׽Ѱ£С

תͼһֻСɵľͷ˷ľͷ˵̺һɺ⣬ջȭϡصغľͷϡ

䣡

һ죬ľͷ˱һȭɷ飬ʱҲһгԾ˵ʵǵؾףԼ߹Ρ

¥ҹףձһľżһҲǰԾȡʱѰ¶յĹơǶ׽ʱʧȥһĻᡣ

֮£ͼһ鲼Ų߻㱼ѸٵԺУСɵľͷˡ

Сʲôˣ    ձһľͷ˵ͷһƤϸоЩȥŭһѰɣȴȻף¥ҹĹƣѰ׽ŮӵĻᡣ

ŷ

ҲǲŸϵǣ;쵽춯ѸٸϵѰ¾Ҫ׽һĻһľż⡣

յʣŷѰǱߵƣϵϺֻǿͷ۸СŮޣԴսСֶѣ

ŶϷҪϺﱾˣ

նԸղűһ¹ڻ֪ѰµģȻΪˣҲȷ˹

ŷϮֱаľͷٴλգεĹƣȷŸӵ

 һ Ϻһ֮

ŭɽǴ򣬾ѵǴ¬õĶ мϷ򡱡

УȫȻţɽһ⾳¶δһ۵ľż

ľżľͷģȻľż֮ϴŵǹۺ⾳ڷɳǾȭӭʱһȻ֮УľżȻûб飬ֻǷɻصŷУܵһɷȴٴһ

һΣţմסˡ

漴ıĿŭαһСľͷ˻ˣֱܴ裬ףǰˣǶһ⣬ʵ£˭ҲȡЦ˭

İλŸ¥ҹǰͬķʽΣȻİͬ˵ĺϵŹͬĿģ֮仹ǴһЩġϵ飬ôܡ

ŭ֮Уһȥͷ㵽ʲôˣ

ũѡҲգ⸴˸µĶ䣡ŷǵĿ˵ţеľżȴѾٴ׳

ľż׳ǻյģֱӳףȥΪŷ˵䣬Ѱ£轵ñף͵ĻᡣһǽΧġ

ռŷľżΪġ׼һһַ׵ĻľżŰںơȴľżǳȥǳԱߵףȥˡ    Ȼˣ

մʱŭƣʵ޿̣ŭһʱҲйĿ꣬ĹƸӵĿ񱩣㲻һдۣҲҪɵεĿɶͷ

ŷձŭѾŭСԹһ˿ȻЦݣ

ͷߣΪڷ֮󣬻ͷԲһЩ嶯ͷʧȥ侲ʱжϣӶһЩץס©

עѰ´ʱ¥ҹףļй֮£ΪЩˡҪɯԽԵӦһľżףʱףòѰµĹӶֵľż

ȻһǾ֮ףľżʱֻǽľżɳȥҲɵһʱɫһ

ࡱ

¥ҹףľżһɵ÷һߡ

ףնԣߣһԵļ̣ΪλȻͬʱһũеľżϳ˼Сʾǵʵѷɫͷһ

һͷ硣ܸɳʲô£¥ҹ϶ô룬Ƕ˴ʱ֮߳ŭֱ֮ӱϵ粻ɫ

ڶ׼ȥ˺ͷʱʱִһŮ˿ĽЦϼһ˼˶ԸһŮһˣ춼ûץסھһµͷԸˡֱ̫ˣ¥Ϊΰ

Цһ־޴ķ̣ʱףɫѾ̣ŭĻƿСҲڴ˷еһ

˼ʵ̫ͷĶ֣ѵϻ۸˼𣬽ϣ˵ô찡ǾȻҪ۸˼

εε֮СӰҲͬʱ˸У¥Ͽһλ欷òǵŮһλ׷Ҳɫ΢΢һ䣬ԭʥŮ̫ϳϽϡ벻Ҳ֣ܵ

ڣףһۣüͷ¥ҹƺ֮䲻ʶҹϵƺտλǳĽϣѵҲҪֹ֣ϷŮޣС

ǵȻǣֵֻŶ

ʥһڼ۲תʣŪ¸ɯһۣʱո룬ƯŶֲء

ŷЩ˵ĶԻ΢΢Ծɽһ£ѾЩʵҲǳϼﶼԳˣǸһڼôһ鷳ڿɻû׼ۣ

ͷҲֻһСŷ¥ҹףѰµĹƼѰµõ˴ϢĻСŹʱһݣͻٶȼСһ㻮嵽Ѱ¸ӡСｻңЩʱָֻҪټְʱԻӦǣ

Ѱ¿ŷһۣϲ龰УҲûгɣѸٽɯһ͡

ףˣɫһǰֹŷȴѸٴδеľżȥֹףжһݣѸٵؽɯ˹οһӣҪ̫ˣЩʱѧǿǶİο

ۡɯͻȻһ漴û˿Ѫ֮󡣱˹ȥ

ϲɯ߰ɣѰû̫˼ɽѸٴӻóһҩ£һ߽䱸ˣһ߻ָš    ŷҲûжֻǿռˡİһλϣڵʥŮ̫ϳϣȷʵǿֻ̵ûˣֻΪ˶ԸһСô

ιͷᣬǿɸǲһġֻǿ֣ǵŶʥŮȻһЦ˵

ŷôۼСޱ۸ΪβҲǸǧɣѲҪһ¡ȴa֮µ֯ͬ۲ɡӣǧҪʧݽȥٲģ

ͷ죡

ףͷȻ䣬һŷȻľżԸףļֱҪˡ

ľżʮֵĹ죬ŲܵĻľżԻϮҴвǷľżǸһܵ޷һ֮衣

ʱףϣֽͷԸǸŮӣˣ¥϶Ըӣ

ŷȴͻȻЦϺ۸ŮޣҲûκŮޣҪֶԸϺǴ˵ĻǾǴӣҺ鲼Զϲ

һ걩׵Ľ˱״̬˷һͳŷΧҲһ̲żĲ

Ǵص⾳ţ𶯣ڲϢʱҲɳЩɳûһͷ޴ͻŷǿʳϡ

ŷʱշɳͻĹƺ⾳źΧʱһ磬Ǵ֮ʣЩɳĴƮɢ

ֻͻ˵ŷһɾ֮ʱŷ⾳ٶƮҡƣɯƮҡƮҶһḡǹɿ񱩵ƳٳƮȻɳ

ãͷҪӣߣ

ףŷͼʱһѸҲųǿ⾳һͷػŷֹʱŷͻȻ˻ǸЩ׽Բһ㣬ֱöͷ걩ףƿڴ

һߵ¥ҹͷִƤķھףѰȻˡΪǵؾĽףƺܿͻ쾳Ҫ߳һΣѰһʱҲֲ£ĵ缱תȻ뵽ʲôɽеսپɱͷʱ䣡

 һ ʥŮ

ʱһĿҪɤˡһֱܹϵΪ˵һɲǣҲܵһЩӰ죬ӵĲ

֮УӴʱ֮Ҳһֱоⲿβҵز䡣

Թַÿ΢֮ЩǳиӦ̽ʱûгӦ춯֡

γ֮£һֱҪ죬в룬ѵΪԵʣҪȵǳǿʱԣ

ţҲͷ

Ƿ֮ȴͻȻоƤһйĸоԵЩСܾʲôƺˡ

ɷӳšһ󣬻ûƽϢ˼֮󣬾ͼڹ㳡ⲽԵúǽ벻

ԽԽò̫ԣӱ˹ȥʵӣѵҩ⣿

΢΢һ㶣תۼӣɫԵЩţֻúǵص˵ͷ    ԽӾԽòԾɫһǲǷʲô£Ųң

֪סֺ嶯֮ʲôӣ˵ǧҪ嶯ܴӦ𣬷Ҳģ

ӵͷ˵ɣ

ŵһʱǰоҩڶʵʩʱͻȻӦõǿңñŭˣ֪õӣӲᷢһÿǿʲô޷ƵŷŭģҺó£ԾǸȥԮ

ˣǱȽ侲ȴüͷ𣬵һʱ֮ǰѰ±ŭھǣؾĽ׵ʵһӦö첻ʲôвߣҲû⣬᲻ɯؼ̽ףʲô£

ͷҲ²ɯʲô飬Ļȥĸףø͵͵ףҲӦҾǸүи赲ǵȥ·

пܡⲽҲԵЩǵǣ׻ƾֵӦû⵽ǵĶҪ﷢ϢĻҲᵽˣС

˵֮ʡʱʱɾʹҴҵ˹һܱʸӵǸոշļˣŪĶܴ󣡡

һȻı飬üͷšǱôµģ

ɵǱ߶̫ǵλ˽ȥ󣬾һֱ̽飬ֱ¼ʱǾ춼𼶱ĸ֣ھļλӪˣǿҲֻʥΪҲûֻΧ˾ᣡ

ӿ˿ܱ˵ϸһЩ󣬽ܱٵŵЩ˶Ǹĸ߲㣬ɽһ ѾЩϼһﶼԳˣЩ˵ʵǿӪǵ˾֣Ҳ޼£ֻνˣ°ĺ׵

룬Ӷɵ׻ƾ־ǵ˼ǱҪص׷ЩصٸһݹϷյһЩϣţӿһЩԽϸԽãھȥ

ǣӦѸתȥˡ

°ͣ૵Щ϶ȫܵ˾ǣôطûЩһ飬Щеǿߣûжൽ繷һĵزɯѰûµգ£ҶҪǼʹĴۣ



֮ŷվ֮ʱִһץ񣬱ȴʼǸа취

ŷٶƷӳΪؾ׵ʵ˾ԵñȽϴݣټҪʱ䡣Ծܺڱ״̬ȴ˿κβ

ѰûɯĹ˼ɡȻˣʵ¥ҹһΣ¥ҹһ˶ԸԵñȽϳ

СпֵʥŮ뽹ϣȻ֪ķӪҪ䱸ⳡֶԾûµ˲룬ྸĽɫʱҲֻܶһߵս

һʱףþòѰ¸ŷټϱŷľż裬ץÿҪѪ֮ҲƻĽͻݲݰˣŷëû˵һֱ

¥ҹòѰ£֪ʱˣļ֮£Թս˵ʥŮ£ϣǵѲֵģ

ʥŮëգգһƤصѽѽǲŵǣֿȻˣֻǼ۸˼Ůӣе㿴ȥˣ㲻ɣ

㡱¥һ⻰СѪ֪ǿ֣ڵҪֵĻͲˡ

ϰԴ飬㵽ʲô㣬ǵȵԮٳ־ˣ

ʥŮЦҴʱȴ˵ɳ֣Ǿͼඡ    黰δ£ͻȻüͷһ˵˵ģԮȸΪͣ쾳֡

ʥŮһЦøˣĨһ㣬һתת󣬵ϣ֣עЩ˵Ķǣ

˵˲һЩ롣

ٶ¥ҹ⵽֮¥ҹüͷаޡΥСˡ

ͷ֮¥ҹͻȻӦһɼΪǿزӿСƣϢѹȸУɫ䣬λ쾳֣

һߣףҲͬʱ쵽ɺǿ ҲǷ׷׳һ΢΢һ֮£ʱͻȻһľż㳯Ϯ䲻ľżУαѪ޺޵صŷ޳ܡ

ʱ֮һðӰӾͶӰһ㣬ֵչֳ¥ϿǸӰ֮ͷ𣬱ɴ۾ǲŵɫ˲˼һ̲סʧٷˣ

ףȴҲ𾪵ʧ㣡

˾֮ǵӰһӰһѰһֿۣ˿Եɯ˵ָһ㣬ͺ֮һˮһ㣬һɹɺ嫵ޱߵ˳һ㣬ӿųµ¥ҹȥ

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ʱǷĹʯγ֮󣬴ʱˮѾΧûƽ̨ƽӾͼڶ֮ϣʯͻȻ仺ˮ֮ϡ

ʯ֮Ҳϵͼ뻨ƣʱһĹ䵽ˮϺʯͺϲ

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ӳ˵ͷλҶʱ˹ȻһϷʧ֮£֪Σ½   ½ڸ֧࣬ߣ֧棡

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󣬰ӽΧЩˣǵĺԲĲűҶ޸֮Щ˾ͶǨ˽һֱ

һһ֮ȴͻȻǸҶϵҶϣ÷ݵҶңǷԵϵҶˣʶ

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ͨȥ֮󣬱һ̨ס̨֮󣬱ܿȫòǰư硣

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ӣԺ֮дһϲӡȴЩģöϤ

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ңԭ Ծ̨岻Χһģľ

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һֱ˵Ĳ㣬Щͼֺһᣬ֮˲˸һֵͷ

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ڶ֮оͿʼͨǡĳ٣ڶǾ֮еľ˼ĳ롣

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һۿĹǿ

޷ֱǿʵģõġЩǳƶ֮ʣøӵĽǶЩһǳеĿʼ۳һϵеͼ

еģ۳һܹ֡

һûͣһ㽵ȥһҲֵ

һֱ˵Ĳ㣬Щͼֺһᣬ֮˲˸һֵͷ

ЩǳֵͼȻѰҵزᣡ

ֻزᣬǿΪǳ۶ɵͼΪƪ£һֺֻ׳ƴķʽչӵǰ

ЩҲЩУȷزֵĹȽݺ󣬱㷵صһ㣬ʼ䡣

֪С´λ᲻澭

زһ֮еСǾ֮еЩƣǽǳĳ̽Ӵ뱾һϵ͸Ӧɳڣ֮

һеݺܺ⣬Ӻܿͽһ˵ڶ㣬ͿʼǣԼǣڿ

ڶ֮оͿʼͨǡĳ٣ڶǾ֮еľ˼ĳ롣

Ӻϸؽζһ֮еǾݣע쵽γɹᴩʼյһ֮еĸҪϣԼɾ磬һٶʮ˸ҪѨɡ

λͼ֮ϱʶҪѨӾȵط֣֮ϱ鲼ľѨϵȫ򿪲֮ṹγɵλͼһڶľ

ΪӵڿʼܱչӵѨϣеľѨһγһӴǿնλͼ

Ӵǿնλͼ֮ǰһֱμ֮У̽ǿز֮ǰչֳޱȺ嫵ǺӣһӴľϵͼͼڽǾ̺֮֮

Ҳ˵ӾֲһڵĸҪϡɾ磬Լһٶʮ˸ɵǿնλͼֻͼ֮еһɣǾڵһ׵ټľγɵһͼ

ȫ֮󣬿ʼزϲƪ֮еȫ󣬱˵ƪ

ƪ֮нǡǣḶָ́ɵڶƪ֮еľ޵ĳϵṇ̀Լ޵Ĵʹ֮γһѭϵ֮Ȼͨʹÿһϣܹ֮еһǳγɸӦϵɳ׶ζǳ֮ķɢãɽǳֱ֮Ӷǣʹ߸ֱЧǣǳ֮ǿ

һƪݣҲ⣬ǰǾ֮ҲжǵⲿֲֻȱٶԼϵע⣬һ⣬زĸӶʱéٿѺඥĸо

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һҲ̰·صһ㣬صǿԼܹǳ֮ϡ

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ӦǾ˾׶֮ƪɣ

֮£ֳԽƪǾݣƪݣǻǾ˾׶εӦƪһΪӡ֮УķϸһطȽƣǿ

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ӡӡںӵǿҲܹκӦĹںһ壬֮棬˻ָȵЩʵսܣ֮ЩҲܹӡ

ӡһԵԣܹκƵĹɵһתΪγɶԵ˵ķɴЩ̬

ӡĹ֮Ӳɵӡֱһܹ

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⡶ӡĹݱӽֳ̳֮ͼҲʧӵۣ֮ʱߵǿǳһɵâƺ˲γһɹӵ˽ȥ

ӸоһƬؾ֮к𾪲ѣΧֻһƬɵģʲôڣһƬ޲翡

ӸоԼʧƬؾ֮Уûз𾪹󣬱˳ȻһԽԽƮԶ

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ƺǵƬؾľͷǲӷһƬ嫵ǿգֻƬǿ֮еһƬ̫ͬƬǿճɱ¾꣬ѪȵϢ˲

 

һӲ̤Ƭǿգйɹɷ⽦ѱ㳯Ϯ·Ҫɡ

ɷ⾳ӵ񾹲ɾһ޿ɵֵɷ⾳ĸо

ۼǹɷ⾳ǻûһֻ޴

ͻȻ䣬оһٴβ㽫ǿ˯Ծ֮С

Ӷʱоǹɷ⾳ʧڻûл͹ʱ־ƺʧһ㣬Ծصˤȥ



ˤĹУɶֻôһУҲ۾

ΧһƬ谵Լ屻ľڰǹɹâʧ֮Ŷ˶ֽţܶһԼҲʹĸоⲻ֮ԼԾ˻

ԭ̫Ĺ֮УѰҵǿصǳص׳ҵز䡣

ֻоֵǣصǳΪλὫ쵽Ƭɷǿ֮УܹƬɷǿյĿɱ¾⾳ֽ֮˻

벻ףʱȥ룬תۿĴԼλãѾһѨ֮еƽ̨ϡ

ƽ̨н׸ߣƽıǳͼŹ⻪֮ʣԼеӰҲڲƣһɹޱȾǳ֮롣

ƽ̨ͼһεĶڣӺ±ǶڣֻһŤ֮ѳضڵλòԶ

ҶѾ֮ڵлصȫ̽оһ飬ΨǴضҲֽ֮ȥǲŻزӲҲȥֻſڵȺ

˺ܳʱ䣬ڼӳ֣첽ǰӣͻȻʧٺü죬ǻΪʲô£ȥ

ü죿ɻ˵ֻǰǻͨصķλ֮Լ㲻֪ʲô£һǸضˣֻһƽ̨ǹõģ

ԭˣͷ󣬵ڳȥɣôżطҪеԭǵҪоһˣ

ӵͷȡŵǲŵ֮ǾڴһοҶϳȥȡҲŻ˲

ֻǳȴ룬ǸضӵİǸǾĺõط´αչأԼؾˡ

Դλϱ֮⼸÷ǳģÿ춼Ѱ¸߶ʲôʱӣ˵ѰΣЩΣֲ˼ҽ͡

Ůǰֵĺܹͻݣ⼸ҲĴܣ˵˵ｲС˼ȥĸ׵顣

Դ˵Ʋ߻ţһλɩɩһλŮ֮ϲ˺һѰһٰοһЩģԼɰС˼Ƶ飬ʹпοȴ߶ʲôʱɩɩСֶŮ

ѰһӦ˵Щӣͻǹ˼ͬס˼Ÿ߶żСֶŮʲôﲢơ⼸һֱߣѰ֪ʲôֻøַ￪ģҲӵ飬˼ֵǣʱѩԶҲĬĲЩ飬ǵôúǢ

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ʱӻˣ˼ϲЦտ˼֮ʣµĽѰ´˳һŶӵ֣ͽݡ

ݺߣӶȢ޶ˣ

Щ˼ˣֻõſ˰ɡ

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ֻһ룬Ӧûйϵɣӵ

ȴҡͷˣֻҪͼ֣ǾͱʾѪѣֻʱ޷츳Ѱ˵˾ʵͼˣϽǰϲҲ츳翪̫鷳ﰲȫ¸һаŮҲĪ֪㳤ˣҲҪ縺һЩصﲻʲôæе£Ҳиͷ

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һ⻰ƵΪЦ˲ᣬЦ⼸Ҳȥȥޣѻ°ˣҲˣ

ֻѰºӴʱҲЩΪѣΪŮоΣȢѩֻô룬㲻ֳ϶ѹ

⺢˵Ҳ޳ɣ㲻Ȣѩʱ˾˻ҲĳѡЩ㣬Ǹӣʱǿˣ㲻ӦУ˵ûи飬ҲʶֻҪЩӣˣ㻹ʹȢλĹӶҪ֪ϵѪܶϰ

ҲΣֻõͷƾȥ޴¡

˼գѩλϴص˲֮Уϲ֮еЩ˼ǰæҲ·иȫ׼׵ˡ

ѩ󣬼Ժװһ£֪ʲôˣλҲЦǺǵء

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£˳ˮ۵أҲѩŮư͵Ľߵͷ˳ˣӣ˽ȴֻޱƵشУȳ붴ɶͲˡ

һӲ̤Ƭǿգйɹɷ⽦ѱ㳯Ϯ·Ҫɡ

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ۼǹɷ⾳ǻûһֻ޴

ͻȻ䣬оһٴβ㽫ǿ˯Ծ֮С

Ӷʱоǹɷ⾳ʧڻûл͹ʱ־ƺʧһ㣬Ծصˤȥ



ˤĹУɶֻôһУҲ۾

ΧһƬ谵Լ屻ľڰǹɹâʧ֮Ŷ˶ֽţܶһԼҲʹĸоⲻ֮ԼԾ˻

ԭ̫Ĺ֮УѰҵǿصǳص׳ҵز䡣

ֻоֵǣصǳΪλὫ쵽Ƭɷǿ֮УܹƬɷǿյĿɱ¾⾳ֽ֮˻

벻ףʱȥ룬תۿĴԼλãѾһѨ֮еƽ̨ϡ

ƽ̨н׸ߣƽıǳͼŹ⻪֮ʣԼеӰҲڲƣһɹޱȾǳ֮롣

ƽ̨ͼһεĶڣӺ±ǶڣֻһŤ֮ѳضڵλòԶ

ҶѾ֮ڵлصȫ̽оһ飬ΨǴضҲֽ֮ȥǲŻزӲҲȥֻſڵȺ

˺ܳʱ䣬ڼӳ֣첽ǰӣͻȻʧٺü죬ǻΪʲô£ȥ

ü죿ɻ˵ֻǰǻͨصķλ֮Լ㲻֪ʲô£һǸضˣֻһƽ̨ǹõģ

ԭˣͷ󣬵ڳȥɣôżطҪеԭǵҪоһˣ

ӵͷȡŵǲŵ֮ǾڴһοҶϳȥȡҲŻ˲

ֻǳȴ룬ǸضӵİǸǾĺõط´αչأԼؾˡ

Դλϱ֮⼸÷ǳģÿ춼Ѱ¸߶ʲôʱӣ˵ѰΣЩΣֲ˼ҽ͡

Ůǰֵĺܹͻݣ⼸ҲĴܣ˵˵ｲС˼ȥĸ׵顣

Դ˵Ʋ߻ţһλɩɩһλŮ֮ϲ˺һѰһٰοһЩģԼɰС˼Ƶ飬ʹпοȴ߶ʲôʱɩɩСֶŮ

ѰһӦ˵Щӣͻǹ˼ͬס˼Ÿ߶żСֶŮʲôﲢơ⼸һֱߣѰ֪ʲôֻøַ￪ģҲӵ飬˼ֵǣʱѩԶҲĬĲЩ飬ǵôúǢ

Դﱻӵ֮һֱѩչˣҲǳϲҲ߶ûȢޣѩףŪùϲѰºÿμѩȻ߶£Ūùɬֻͣҽڳȥæӽȥˡ

գڳæСҲڰ꣬ղʱͻȻûӣһԻѰ¡

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ǰͿǲڻ£ֻԴӻ˾˷֮һֱѾ߷̣Ҳûлղ

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ʱӻˣ˼ϲЦտ˼֮ʣµĽѰ´˳һŶӵ֣ͽݡ

ݺߣӶȢ޶ˣ

Щ˼ˣֻõſ˰ɡ

ôôˣûиѽǲѰº⼸ӲѽƼֻʣ˾һˣ˼Ʋܼ̳ϴУֻʣôˣҲżѽϵĴͼûУ

ֻһ룬Ӧûйϵɣӵ

ȴҡͷˣֻҪͼ֣ǾͱʾѪѣֻʱ޷츳Ѱ˵˾ʵͼˣϽǰϲҲ츳翪̫鷳ﰲȫ¸һаŮҲĪ֪㳤ˣҲҪ縺һЩصﲻʲôæе£Ҳиͷ

˵ţĨ˰ᣬӲô죬ҲˣҲˣӶҪѩҲȢ˰ɣ֪Ҳ⣬ɲܹﰡ

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һ⻰ƵΪЦ˲ᣬЦ⼸Ҳȥȥޣѻ°ˣҲˣ

ֻѰºӴʱҲЩΪѣΪŮоΣȢѩֻô룬㲻ֳ϶ѹ

⺢˵Ҳ޳ɣ㲻Ȣѩʱ˾˻ҲĳѡЩ㣬Ǹӣʱǿˣ㲻ӦУ˵ûи飬ҲʶֻҪЩӣˣ㻹ʹȢλĹӶҪ֪ϵѪܶϰ

ҲΣֻõͷƾȥ޴¡

˼գѩλϴص˲֮Уϲ֮еЩ˼ǰæҲ·иȫ׼׵ˡ

ѩ󣬼Ժװһ£֪ʲôˣλҲЦǺǵء

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ʱϵ֮еλʽףλʹɽ֪ˣɽڳϱͷӵأвӦĵȻޱȻϲλҪΪ

£˳ˮ۵أҲѩŮư͵Ľߵͷ˳ˣӣ˽ȴֻޱƵشУȳ붴ɶͲˡ

  

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ٴսҡһҵʱ٣ͼҵ˴ĻǣҲ֮꣬ȻƬ

ƾǣ

ʵ֮ºһֱܰ飬ʵʱߵ˾ͷֻԼڵ壬縺صжȥĽУʹܹܼ

ʱʵѰյĲ£ڷеĲǰȰؿԼ۰Ķӡ

̫ɽµѾָֻԵúڻʵʱڳ˯

Ĭ֮УƬ̣Żƿ˽ϣѾ׼׵Զˣ

ʵ۳ĬȻŶӣӻȡһƽʱӲŵӵߺվĲ£˶һۣȥ

ڻʵ뿪ɲǣڴϵɽͻȻ۾ȡߵ۽ˮ䣬ǳԶıӰૣףΪ㣬ҲΪһ飡



ʵ۴ӲȻ˻ʹʻĵ·ϣŴɪĽֵоƬַĳУһֲ֡

˼µѾַ¶ңѾ޷ٳص

ֻѰһƬǰľ֮ʱǰ㡣;Ҳ׼һ;УȻȥ

ʻǣɽȥ

ʱڣɪɪݻƵҶƮ㣬ʵ۳ľ£ͻȻ˵죬ؼĲľ飬һ֮󣬱ǿή֮Ϊִڳľҡһʻǿʢഺ׺Ȼķʹ⺮ݽߣκźˣ賤̣

ǿݻ֮ҶҲΪӡ֤٣Ȼڵ壬Ȼһѭƻտǿݼ֮ϣûϣʣʲôʮƽ͵ص

ʵͻȻЦˣЦǰϡ

´Լһ꣬꣬ٵ꣬һֱʱһΪƬµİæµ

ˣҲǹڻһǺ֮еĲľĬĬڿή֮ȥӭ

룬ʵ۲ɳˣϵǰЦݸʢ֮У·𿴵Լ־ʱ龰¶֮УĸʱǺͰ׵Ц

ģںͯʱһʱĻЦ֮УƮȥ׷Ѱһķ

ʱݳ죬ͻȻһ漴Ĩ˰ᣬ̾ϢһȥɣȥɣҵֵܣһȻõ飬ūһ̡

ɪ֮Уʻ룬ؼ䣬ֻʣһƬƬݻƵƮҡҶΪУ



˲֪ʵϢعȥ;֮УûиƬѾ´ȥκεĲ

գ̫ӵĵǻ䡣

Ȿһ¹ϲӣȻѾսأһƣҲⶫӿ۶

ǻɶԶ޵һʵ۵ϳ֣򵥶ׯء

Ȼɽۣͷʹڣ̫֣͵¡׼ϷȨľ֮ʱһݳگ飬ȴׯصĵǻʽ

ȺҲͬһۣͷʹڣһΧסʹֳһگ鹫Ȼǰ֮ʱǻȻһƬ

û֪λԸųµ͵ĶӣΪʲôͻȻʱͷðлһνگ飬

ͷһЩسگλ鷢

Զ޳վ˳ŭĿüȻ̨׵Ķӣȵ£»ʵǻ䣬֣£گһ£ϲδἰ

ڴ̨ǰɫƽɽlouһ˿ЦݣȴۿŶԶޣŴˣΪҪĵǻʽȴδʾȻʵگӶگ£ȴ˴æеǻ䣬δ̫Ϸˣ

Զɫ࣬ŭȻҵȸlou£¿ϳλִ䣬̫ʹǻ˳֮£ڴ˽֣

Ǿ˵δȷἰһλӵǻˣЦţ漴گݸվڳλ󳼣飬飬گǼ٣ضλӴʱʼȻϵαλگһ°ɣ

Ǵʱǵ⣬ྸ췴ı꣬ڴӻʵ۵µ˿֮Уڴɽҵⱻگ

ȻûϵĸһľϲگϵݣȻΪ֣Ҫȵؼʱ̣һٶǬʵྸĻǺܾãȴûʵֵĵ롣

Ȼõگ˵ЩģʿֻҪگϵϼôگ㿰԰˳µصϵλ

Ⱥûжʱǳߵλʹ˸ɫ˻ӹگ飬ߵ˹ǰ

Ⱥ׷ɫһ䣬תͷܡ

ܴʱҲگ黺ſֻǿگݺȴɫ䣬Ҳ΢΢ʹҡͷⲻܣܡ

飬گλɣǴʱһɫ

촽䶯죬ȴ˵ԱλһѶگ飬ƽԱߵԶɽ

ԶɽϷʵ飬һĨɫگҲɫ䣬Ų˼顣

λ߶ԶɽغһʱʹȺɫһ䣬λ߾Ǹ֣

Զɽ䶯촽ջ˳Ⱥһǰݣǻʵ˵ƻҵ֮ʵͼεһЩṦΰȻٻһת˵ƹ״λУӦܼ̳С

ҲؼĵطԶɽҧҧλڼѪӣ̵ػԳдǧҵ

گ֮󣬴ʱʹһƬţֻе

ȺǲţʵµگȻǽλãֱӴУҸȺɻ󲻽ǣ⼧Ͼ˭ӣѵǰλӣ

ʱһشѵگѾϣαλ󳼿ϸϣα죬Ȼױд

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֣ͱҲǱگ龪ˣʱԶѰʣҲlouһεı飬ͷȷʵԸ⹫ȥʺϣʺȷʵǼգ

 һ ӵλ

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̫ЩֻƽصͷĸȷʵǼգ֪˲࣬Ҳǣκگ֮£Ҳ֪飡

Ⱥ𾪣

ʱͻȻ˸ȵȵگ飬õλڶӵ£ӵµλ

¼λ

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ЩʱоѾƮһگ飬ĵõ̫ĵλ

λǿƵྸ飬ˣ

һ̣һɧģõ˼㣡

ȺʱҲﻢ£ǳһҲЩ˷磬֪Ǻã

Щֶ֧ӵĴǣʱҲüˣ׷վ˳Ǽ̳еҵ

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ֻ֪һЩĻس֪£ҲྸүλӵУ׵սᣡ

ӵگڱȺȷϲα֮ʾв֮£ԭɽǻʽĳ˶ӵĵǻ䡣

ڵ˵λǣڳƵ֮ĵһ죬ϳɽ̫֮λϺǲ뾩ǡ

µ۴ԼһϵĹԱԼδСΪ̫ӣԪ£

Ϣ񼲷һ㴫˷֮󣬾ٹ𾪣»Ȼ



Ȼ飬Գ˵ϡ

ڴƵ۹»ʵǻĵʮ죬ѾȻ췴ҿʮѳռݴƶ֮صԭྸ룬ڽʿ͹ԱԼһЩʿĺ֮УҲȻǬݳǵλƵۡȡΪǬݡ

ھڴ»ʵ۵ϷԵǳʱٵ֪λ췴ྸȻƵ۵Ϣ˶Ŀ࣬¸ǻȻһƬ

ڴƹΧǿп֮ʱƹڲȴϷԵı֣¸ǶĻлС

ЩܱߵĵйҲӿ̲ƹĲ

ҲԤʾţ٣



ɪҶƮ㡣

Ƭ֮ǰܱߵǣѵûܵ˿̫ƽʢϡ

һʮҵĻ뿪˾ǣʻڹٵϣǵٶȲ죬Ҳ

ϣһЩ˸еŮ˵֣ҪȥѽΪʲôҪôŴҺĸ׼뾩

еɽûлشðƽϵ⣬ֻԵЩĬɫҲƽ

ãɽһλ񵶣Ƿ뿪ǵؽ磿

Աλеǿ񵶣Щˡǻʵǲߴ󲿷ֵӪĽʿֻɽ˵Ĳ־ӢһЩڰĸ֣ǻʵΪ˱ѪϾµһ塣

ʻ񵶻ش£һ·ͿԪ˧ѾˣҲ׵·ûأǵȡصУ˳ִݣ

е⻰ȴǺ֣㲻ǱϺôΪʲôҪȥѽ

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Բ⣬֣ΪʲôҪߴ͵ӡѽȻ֣ܲҪɱǰɣ

Сãһ˱Ȩʧ˱֮ʲô¶óģңϱʷʹһսᣬӽǲǹӣǻƽһЩͨСã㲻Ҳһܿĵô

֣˵ԺǹˣҲƽЩģԼ𣿡

ţСãӽ󣬲Ҫһ֣д磡

硭ҺÿģԲõˡˡˡء

ǵСãԺҲһһЩԼϲ飬ԼٱЩصİѾ

˭ѽСἣδɣȴ̧ͷ

Ψһһλֵýĵѣɽ˵ţȴԶһ

˻ɣ

ʱͻȻһ˻֮Լ䣬ԶΧϰڼ׵ĺﱼڶһƽ

䱸

񵶼Щһеʱ£һ򣬳еĳǹĺ

ǰٶȼ죬ʮĹ򡣱ӿٵ֮ϵһΧס

֮Уһλһǰɨ˿Щһۣ³еϺԼ͵ӡһ·

룡

һȣͳҲһһ㣬£һ֮ƣ糤ա

ЦʵҲϷǰŪ

Цգ֣һǿͼһֻްӰ񣬴֮˳һƴӭǾһ

䣡

һ죬

ϵ߰Ȼȴ˴ЦһȻȵɱ

һ£Щڼʿ׷׷ƣ㷢һĳ棬סڷڵѪҲͬʱȵͻΧ

֮ҲȻ棡

߽һ󣬱˻ѪĽ

ڼʿ˶ǿߵȻηƴɱǻǲڼʿֻƬ̹򣬾Ѿ룬ʧأȴȻûͻΧ

ϵϴʱСҰףɪɽߣҿɱ棬ֻǲ磬ǻ𣿡

СãӦҪչ˺ǣǿĵػȥһʳԣ

Ѿ˿ս֮Уÿӳһܴһλ޷мܶԷơ

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ҲûڿϷ磬ʱһ屩ɼһɽڵ

ǰǰֵֻһ棬ͱһķɣû˿ĵֵ֮

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СӣϷҪĶϣ

ǰһһƺɽ屾ûлָ֪ͷĶֻ֣ǽϡ

ˤȴȻܵؿߡ

ɽȻǵ·񲢲ǳԾУӦԽû´ӦǶܹǸ̵˰ɣ

СӻеҲǽ֮ˣ֪Ϸǳ̵ˣΡ

ĹҲȾָҴƻҵֱǳ룬ҲֻǶܻ޴ң˺ѣλ壬ҲһֱδǸνĳ̷

ͷҳѿ࣬ϷСӡԷңԱߵС˶ЩǴɱҲ٣ٺ٣

߿Цţٴα˶ֱȡɽʺʱɳ

ɽɫʱƽûϷֻǵͷŻϣã粻ܱ㣬ҲҪϣ𣿡

磬СҲһµģСһƬ㣬һ̣־ϡ

Ȼֱȡɽʺ׼ɱ֮ʣֻû쵽ɽԣʱȴͻȻһһ̾ǰ͸

ϸֳһɲţǿ־ı飬ʦ۷ʵ˵Ĳһ

תͻȻ俴һֲ궼Ϊ֮սףǾͺԵħħУһѴɱѪӴ̵֮ϻ¡

Ѵ̵޾죬Ϣ֮У̴ͭƤǰš

ʱоǰһƬҵתֻͫ𽥱úڰ֮ʣΧĴһĨĨħӰͻȻӵϣ߲֪ЩǣǴɱĸһ㣬

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֪Ҳ׻ƾɱӪĿǰlouıɽһǰˣ̵ֳ޼ô֪ƹ٣ֻ۾ڼţҲֻǸСһϷˡ

ɽǱĿ˰죬ȴû֮е鷢۾ֻ֮ȴһĿɿڴ

ֻǺĹ򣬾ͼǰʬأеĺڼʿ˴ȫһ߾߱ʬ

ǣȴΧκξԮǵˣֻЩ˵ڰ˿ڡ

񵶣ô£

ɽۼ񵶵ڵϣһڸ˿ڣ׷ʵ

ԣȴҡͷ£Ҳûп嵽ô£ɱ֮ʣͻȻһ磬֮УһЩӰӣЩӰӳֺĹ򣬾ɱеĺڼʿ漴ʧƲ⣬ЩӦöɱ֣

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˵գһ˼ȥ



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Щڹеǣ֪ôɽģ֪ҪʲôûмˣҲˣȴҲߣ֡

Уʱλʾһ𣬹Ҳüͷ֪ʲô

ɱҲ޷ֲµĹĴʱɫ࣬ȿ˵

ԣɱͽҮҲͷ͵

ȴҲ֮£ҲΣϾ¸֪꣬ҵһʱڶǰҲǵԭ£һ°ɣҲһֱʱĳޣ񣡡

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ڳǲȴתʡ

֮УʺͼˣĺҮһйϾٶȥˣЩҲǴӸ֪Щġ

˼ã̧ͷԱߵļյգ˳ҲйɣЩǵ˵Ҳ˵

յͷȥˡ

һͼλ߻˽֮󣬿֮֮ϴһɫͨһصعڹǰТͽϣʦ

ŹǰյΨһһأʮֹذͽܣҲһƬӣֻΪǼ£ʼһ޷⿪

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ȴȻﲻ

ʼˣ֮£ҵѾҲƽϣ㲻ˣʹʲô֮˵ɣ

ʱ˽

һڵϵϺ󣬵ɫһ䣬ŭͽ㻹ˣ

̧ͷ֮ҲɫЩݵصǣ㾹ȻҲû

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ϵܴ죬ҲȷʵԹ֮ģͽȴδӲţʦ˷ʦǵ棿

棿üʲôϵһֱôôǼǣ

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ʱͽҲ֪ΪʲôҪô沢һᣬԥͽ֣֮ǿƻ˳ڣʱ˼ӵʱҪɱˣֽ֣˴عУӵʱ֣֮˽ҷߣ˵һ仰ʹ뿪ôҶΪһƻڣ˴ˣǹӲŵͽ

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Ҳɻ

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ͽ˾ͽʮٴҵңλҵıڻʹ֮УȻֽҵķڶɽĹ֮Уػȷʵʧ˴ΣҲҳģ

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ʵ칲ӵԤ֪û˸ɣ칲һֵĻô֣̾ȶ֣㲼˽ǧ֮ãǸؾӰɣ

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ڵǻͨ龳СʱǺ財

ٲһǳ֮кһɹɾǳ֮ܵĳصǣ׷׻۶

Ӵʱڻ̨ϣɻ̨ϵǳڵ룬پ֮еĸ֧ϣȻԴΪ࣬ȫľɢӿ

ʱڣһںǿ֮еľ

ǣ֮ϣṩһжԴȪʹǳذ˷ǳ֮͵ڵ֮Уγһתѭ

һʱıչ֮УѾڵʮǿͣͨز֮ǰƪ֮еĶ֮ʹ֮ȫǿ֮ж֮еһٶʮ˿ǳӦ

Ӧǿеǳ֮ͨϵǿʹڵз֧ϣ޵ǳӦ

֮е뾭磬ǿ͵޵Ķλĺ֮䣬޾ǳɶڵ֮УԴԴϵΪṩžǳ

*˾׶εǾ֮ͨԼ⾳ǺӵʱһαǣǸǺӵߵǿǳ֮ϡ

ǳʼղΪʲôǺ֮ϣȺǵ譲ӣ֮ϣܿܿĵôڲͬ

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Ϊÿڤڤ֮Уӵ񶼻᲻ǳӶԽǺǺƺֻһӲܸܵһְȫкиС

ʱ˿̣ǳٴԼ֮ŵĹâӵǿңӾظС

ӵرţٴαǴһؾ֮С

ٴӷԭǻҰ磬ڶһЩɫؾ֮Уһֱһָоǣؾȥ

ѵǳҪԼǳɷϢǿ֮ȥӵ֮ͻȻðһͷ

ǡ

ͬӸоǻҰĻؾ֮󣬳ǰģһƬЩϤеǿա

ڵĽǶȣǸӽƬǿյġ

ƬǿգһϵÿһƬǳɣܳ·Ҫ쵽ƬǺľͷ

һֱͷλ֮ӸоԼͣһ֮£ͻȻûͷ֮УٴοģǿվֳӽǣľĶǣ𺶡

ͻȻԼǰԽǰһЩ֮еĳɳ֮·һֱڡ

һĻо÷ǳŹֵĻ棬ͼѩŮ˫˫ͦŸӣҸԼĸףѰһ˵Цʮֵĺܰ

ٽһͿ̿սԼһ춯صĴսԼĵʲôӣԵñȽģָоȽϤһޡӣǲݵ̬

֪δҪһĻٽӲŵؿǸģӰٴ֮ԷԾ֮УһģӰӳߣסԼԼ˿ãĶԷȴĹ

ٽֻһƬڰʲôˣھ֮ͻȻ뿪һꡣһ̽

ⳡ꣬ٴڸӽǾ֮ϵЩǳȻ䡣

ͷǳʼ䣬ٵβеǳ֮ʣµǳͱһƬ谵ʱҲһţҲǿǳҲڿʼ䡣

ΪʲôѵԼˣĽջǻ

֮ʣгһǿҲʵͷҪҪıԼܹԤ֪ˡ

͵ɲ־ľ֮ʱͻȻоԼٶȼ֮УһοһĻ龰

ͼЩǣ׷ֹͣ׹䣬׷׻ûһſǳӶһֻмΪϢ

һֻ̣ӭɾޣ˿壬ܵؿʼܱߵЩ΢ǳʹ֮Ѹٵһͷ֮У֮

ȻֻԵúӵ־ǿϢ׶ɾޣž֮չ

ս֮СڱŴα壬ƾǿ־Щǳٴβ»۳һµľ壬ԽսԽǿÿǳԭ΢Ĺʼǿ

һ־õɱ֮󡭡

ɾ޵ɱ֮УӾڷǿ񱩵־ٻʹǾ޵ԽԽСڵǳر¶֮ʹӵ׳󣬸ǿǿ

׳ǿ־·ܹɵǺ֮еȺǣʹеǳһսĳѶϢŲ֮У׳ž

գֻɾޱԽԽСֻʣһǳʱƵǲһֻСһ㣬ɡ

ⳡ־õս֮ӵǾ޷˵Ϣʱٴǿľصǿǳ֮ϣǳȻһ񱩵Ϣ·ҪһС

ֹı仯ӲҴ⣬ѸٽԼȫ뵽ǳ֮УǸӼ͵־ʼѹɿ񱩵Ϣ

֪˶á

ӸоһϤид֮ǹɿ񱩵ϢѾʧǳһλָԭֹ°

ֻݹ°֮Уܹܵøӵǿ󡣸ӵĸӦҲӵ

ʹľתУҲܹܵǺеܹвٿˣԼӰս

ʱͻȻһǿǳ˽ȥǻؾ֮УٴδԽǺǺ˻

ֻͻ˲䣬ӱܵһɹǿҵ˺Ѱľʹǽ˺֮½һʹȫܹʹ

ֻǷŲûиܵ־ʹΪλܵôԣʱصԼ֮Уڵ֮еǳݽߣֻʣһ˿˿룬Щ磬Ѿ˺飬ǹɾʹǱ˺֮ûжǳָԵʡ

ϴ̫Ḷ֪́ʱѾص˱֮УűϵҲǱüΪӣȫû뵽֮з

ǣһ̣ڸԼ⾳ʱȴޱ𾪵ط֣ش֮УԼΪȻ֪ͻ˾ǲϣӶ˵ؾĽ׶Ρؾ𰡣

  ٽһ

ʥιɡҲ˾ʥ֮ٳľ֮嵽ľһָ߲ε

û뵽ͻ˾ıϽؾ磬Ȼķʽɵġ

ͻƽľϲӺܿͻָƽ

ٴμڵ״̬ڵܵˣľ֮Уֻʣһ˿˿룬ЩȻҲܵ˲̶ͬȵˣȴ˷츲صı仯

Щ֧֮еϣԭλ÷˱仯ЩԭûϴڵĵطھȻֶһЩٳѨ

Щ¿ٳϣĿǰԶ֮е֧ϵʹһεõչ졣

ϵˣ¿ЩϣԼƶ͸ıԭ뾭ʱγɵġ

̣ӰڵתͻʱӺ޾죬񻹳ǳ޵ս֮ɡ

Ҳ˵֮еսսʤֻɹޣڵӰҲתͬʱսʤǷɵӶ˫µ֮Уͻ˾ձϣ˵ؾľ硣

ͻ֮ϲ֮УҲûȥͻƳΪ֮仯ڵЩ¿ٳľϣ뾡޸

ڵһգҪݽʱӵ֮лһ˿΢ǳ֮Ӵʱͨǳ֮Ȼʹ֮ѭҪϿʼǳ֮ڡ

޸Ĺ̲̫ӵɹϼˣãһ֣ʼ֮е𲢲صĵطʼ޸

Щĵط޸֮ټӴһЩĽȣʹЩϻٶһЩ޸ЩȽصġ

һֱӽ֮֮޸ָ֮Ѿܹͨǳ֮佨ĸӦϵɸӶṩԴԴϵĶ޸Щ֧ľϣչȫЩ¿ٵľϡ

̣һɳˮڽӵĹ̡

ֹ֪˶á

ӽд˴ͻʱľ޸֮ԭϵЩʹһ̶һУеĵطһڸĦͷ컯ˡ

ͻ֮ԭɵʥ壬Ҳ൱ھһν飬øӵǿܳصǳ֮ӵӴ

޸ʹڳеͬʱܵʥε֮󣬾Щ졣

̧첲˹֮ʱ첲֮зֲ֮ʱͻӦԼĸ첲㡣һصǡ

֮۲֣ᷢصɣ棬һЩǳţӽУʱˣԼ첲˱⣬һЩ޷Ӧǳȴǽ买ŵģĸ첲ǺǺɵһֻצ

֮£Լͷһҵ˰أ뵽ͷָ֮оڿƾɹ޽龰Ҳǳ϶ɡ

ڣӵѾȫǺ֮еÿǳӦˣִֻҪеǽһɻص

ǽؾ֮󣬴ӵһǰδе飬ӵеǿʵ

һõĸоӽĹʥḶ́ʮֵˬ졣

һɹǳӵʱǾ޺֮лζСҲһǺ֮ԡˣܡ

ֻԡˣḶ́һڼͨǿصǳֻҪֳ񡣾ܺܿѰҵǿܴоǳ

ΪикУʱǳΪıǳ

ľãҲӰ˱ǳʱǳâӵӦʮ档

ȻѾҵǿǳӱٴҵزڵƬǿգ뿴ؾ׶εǾġ

ȻϣĿǰľﵽؾ֮زĵƪڰƪҲ˳ı˳

Ӳŷ֣ؾ׶εǾ˾׶ε֮

ü򵥵Ļ˾׶εƴͼĻô˵ؾĽ׶εĿʼЩǳƴͼ

ز֮У֮ĲλΪĸ׶Ρ

ÿһ׶αܹӦ֮еǳܹǣЩǳӦγɵһ޺󣬶ʥ϶׶ΣԷ֮

׶κɻ׶ˣǽſڶΡ

׶ʥ֮ͨǺ֮ƣÿһǳǣʹԼʥ֮ڶλĵޡҲǰ׻ޣ԰׻ͼʼ׶Σ÷ӳɵ֮

׶ΣҪɵλȸޣȸ֮ǰλλ֮󣬱Է߳ɵ֮

ĸ׶ΣǰĲƣҪһλޣΪޣԴ֮ںǰλ֮λһ޴ԲܹӾųɵ֮֮󣬵ʥ⾳ܹʮɵ֮ʱܹӶ뵽翵쾳֮С

ز֮еؾǾ֮βûϴǰƪӽ֪Լľ绹ûдﵽһûʸӦƪ

ĸ׶ε֮ӶԱ£ز֮ϵĽĿǰѾ˵һ׶ε޵޿ɹǣɵ֮

ڶ׶ΣҪӴ׻޵Ӷʱ뵽ϴαǳԼǸǳ֮дмǿɷϢǿ֮е龰ƬӦһλİ׻ޡ

׻޵޵ǸӵĳգӾǸӲпԸ׻ʹ̲࣬εľĺǿ־ǲӵ⾳ܹ˷ܹɡ

˾׶εĻѾʮkaoǵḶ́ޱ̣ͽӴӵб׶˵ǾЩ־ϣſڶʱڣĸλһĴԲ硣

ʵ⵹ǸӵϵĴޣȻ⾳ʹе޷ںʱľеƣҲ˵Ǿ⡶زᡷĴټ򻯰档

߼Ȼͬģϸڷ棬ȴر

ӶǾ֮еĴزᣬ̣һֻٶȷҡֱϡ

  

زᡷ֮ڵ֮֮еλһ֮ΪڽӴǾ֮е޶ʱķϣЩơ

ҲΪԵʣڶǾԽԽ֮Ŀǰڵؾ׵ϣҲûл̫ʱǰ׻޵⾳

ͻƵؾ֮ǰѾ̹˰׻޵ɷͿ񱩵ǿ⾳

ĿǰҪģӦںɱ¾ǿ⾳

ֻ֪ǻͨ鶴бչ˵׶೤ʱˣֻ֪Ѱ¸Щҩ裬Ѿˡ

Ժ֮뵽ͻ˾֮ʱ뱾ǳ֮Ԥ֪ЩӰҲȥӦ֤һǷĻᷢ顣

˻̨ͨͨض֮ٴλص˲

ų֮ǰ˼Ӳ㳡ǰİ塣

忴ӳأЦЦ󣬵ȭӣϲؼҿɣ

⻰һҲ΢΢ЩҲûʰΪʲôṧϲǱһظϻԺ

ûнԺӵʱӾдĻЦвУСǿ̫ˣһ㶼ΪӵĴҾԲӦ֣ߺߣ

ѰµҪӳػٸְɣ£ûгأ

ţѩʱ˵֮йmiҸ

ЦǺǵصһӵʱСҲôݣңմ˿һǸСӣǺǣ

ţʱ𣿡

Ȼһ̾͹ȥˣԺоĨmiһҸأԺ˱Ժ֪

أҲĽѩãҪξͻǸɶļһ

Ѱ㵱ҪĻ𣬾Сһӣ֪Ҫ˶ٴء

ֻǣʱѩһĶΪʲôѩûˣûۡ

ѩЩֹ˵Ǽ㶼øңûҪ㽫鴦ԺҪȻרĴڼչ˱

ЩĻվſڣһ̣з·һʱ䱻ʲôֵĶģָоʮֵ

Լ磬Ҫְ

ܼӾվſڣԺ龰ɺٺЦ˳

ѽ

ĳʱͻȻ䱻˸šסˣͼ֪ʱվſڣһֻchaСһֻ־šסĶ䣬ŭһôôã

ⲻǻ֣Ц˵

⻹࣡ǸӣŷһȻױƵӵĸ첲ݵСգ㿴Ұ˭



ѩ˵תͼӱ˽΢ЦѩپԼӺѿֻһɽֹһϽñӸסֻlouһСԴ֮ϣҸĺΣʢŵĵΡ

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ļΣѩȻѾӦֻĿУڴϣǽֹÿζǰ㽿תسлҽгڴϾ޶ȵСЩмܲס

ͷһתһֵֹֹ۲֮ʣһĿèӣе֡

ҿ񣬸ϽתͷߵߣѩߺεɽץסỬ֣xianӡ¡ĶǸһʱ֪˵ʲôá

һѪĹŹָоӲ֣ȥ¡ĶǸ漴ȴžһһƴëëţѩ˱Ͳ˵ʲô

ӵɫʱȴЦǺǵصӶЩҲҪˣ鼤⡣ͲҪΪˣ

ߣľͷתݺһѣתȥȴѩĶǸҿϵȻ㣬Ǵɣ˵Ӧúܿİɣ

ӱҲȥһ±ģһѩĶǸʱ洫һŲӵĶ䶯˶ͷ֡

һԶС˽ˣλɽĳϣ˵Ҫҽ򣡡

˵ţԶһСϹųݵı飬ëգѽգӣԼǰھǵʱͺܳ˺üˣжǷݳݣ˽Ҳ޼

⻰ѩúϢҳȥ

˵ţѩĶͷһڣȻͳ˷䣬ѩmiճ뿪ȴǲƲƲ죬˵һƫġ

ӳѩķ䣬󣬾ͼͰλϣԻĳڿԲ裬һ㡣

ӽ˱΢Цŵٷϲϲ

пģͷλϿˣ

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£İԼ׼ᶫ֮ʵѾʽǧɽͻ̿սˣЩԭ֮ģҪЩŽͬԿҪԳУ

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뵽еĹؼתڵĴƹҵʲô̶ȣ׻ƾʱʲô

Դϴζһݲ֪گ˻λ˴̫֮λȻԼһϵĳӵ¼󣬽ྸѳֶ֮أҲƵˣǾͲ鵽ྸйϵྸʦܿռ˱ݡжݵĴ󲿷أֱݡ

ڵĻʵۣûеκϵķʵҲڱλʵ۹أȫԴƹͳʵ۵壬ϸʵۣʵɸĳҰģ棬İӰӣ

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Ϸߣźڵûʲôӵ

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û뵽ĴƹȻ˵ĵز΢΢̾Ϣһ֮󣬲ʵӿ䣿

ڱһگ˻λ֮󣬵վʹŻҵһЩ˾뿪˾ǣ;̵׷ɱɱӪԮѾݰ⣬Ӵ˴Ҳ͵ӡһ˳ûЩӵĻʵҲĲ޷´طݸܲھһŻң

گ飬ǳҵϣô£ǶӾƾһگλ˻λ

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Щҡͷ˵ʵ֪˹֮еʥѪȣ֪ԼĻӲס֮ʵԾõλڼϵگ飬ֻǱӼ˸ɺϵıˣҲڤڤ֮еһֱȻɣ

ϵʵ֮ƹĿʵϾɽǰǵʱҲ֪˹Ǵγڱӡԭ򣬻ϱѵԭ룬˾꣬û뵽ǾȻϽٶ꣡

Ŷ˾ȻҲûӲ

ʵ첼µһʮֳԶľ֣һǿԿһ֣һֱڵһ֣Ǹ㣡

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ӴһǱȽĻϢһĵĺϢ

֮еǿ粼õһıҪͼûͼǲⳤǧ֮õľ֣ʧȥ塣

һУֻΪ

ʲôܹ˻Ӳ룬ıⶫĵ֮ʵҲ

֮ʵǸʲô

⣬ѰҲ

ʵǹҲ֮ʵʲôӣΪƮڣû˿Ȼȷʵڡ

Ϊػȴ֪֮ʵййй컯

Щ׷ײ뵽ȡ֮ʵжУϧƻӡ¶ҡƻΪȡĳϡƷ챦ҲӲ淴ӳⳡɱ¾¸ಿֱӾ컯Ĺ仯

ֻЩεĶı仯ô֪ܵˣץס©ū磬޵УӶǵĹ򣬻

򣬱ܻЩ̰֮˵ռĿġ

ΪֹЩ˵̰һǧǰԤ֪δչıӶһӰԶľЩ˶Կ

ȻЩ֣֮µľ֣ȴɹطֻЩ֮ǧ֮ãǧ֮Ĵ½һشıŤתĹؼ

˴밬ϸӲӰ켫ΪԶĲ֣תڳǣԼھһʱռƻ

´ҡȺ¹İԼΪĵжӰԤ֮£ضѾս׷ɣͿ̿ⷽжңȺ֮ʣڰȴʵʩȻֲƻ

ͷ塢壬ص㱻ʵʩǣѾʼ˷ƻĶ

ϣԹűʥѪĴУҲⶫ֮ʵػߣֵ´ңҲس֮ʵķսδɵʷʹ£ı֣ҷǵ컯츳һ㣬޲⼴ĵ֮ʵ

Щƻ룬Ҫس¹µĻȻӵǿʵû¹µıǮҪӣҪҪĸ

뵽̧ͷͼڳ϶ԼƺڵԼվλϣǰȻسôһԳ˵ȡһЩӵ֧֣鱨׻ƾֱܳе׻ƾֽȫּ֧϶£

ЩϺͰȶһۣȴЦҡҡͷӲ⣬λǲǻлҪ˵

˴רǰ컯һУеλʽչصڼ䣬졢̡Ӳءǧš塢塢֮е죬Ҳϯ˴εĵλʽʱľ˾ƲߣҲڴ˴ελʽ֮ϡ֮ѪϴʽΪǶ˿֮Ѫ츳˴ΣǽƾΪ컯컯֮ͳĴ壡

컯ôͽˣЩ

ͷЦʵ⻹Ǻ컯֮Ĺͣϴεֶ֮컯֮йһо̽Ѿɹʹ컯֮ڶ׶ˣһ컯ʵö컯ã

ЩӵͷʱͻȻһߣΪʲôô飬ȴҪƾƲ컯֮ⲻƽǶӲƽ

һͶһ͵ֻ֮컯λ֮컯֮Ȼû˵ķݣͲˣ̲סڳchaСһǷһëǮӡ

ȼ˵ӣȴЦѾͷ㼱ʲôӵ£¹һشܣǲ˵ʵҲǺֻ֪һЩδκ͸louʱˣʵ˭˵Ȼ֪ģ

ӵȻˣʲôʱ컯

cha˵˰죬˵컯ﰡ

ЦʵطǶȥģ֪ʱҲúܲ˼飬潫ҿɴ֮ǲ֪ԭ컯ϹʱѾˣҲֻǽһ£²ðˣ

ˣҲú棬ȥطҼǵһ𣬾ֻȥɽĶȡ֮ģ

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ǼֻԭҲ֪ĵط컯ַҲܴ컯ķ⿪֮Ըػֻϣ컯ܹǱƼѩԩ

ӲصǶȾ컯ַĻô֮ߣҲ˹ΪȥĻֱ

ȵҲסһӣֱȥμʽ㲻ɣ

Ȼᣡӵͷʵûоʲôʱ䣿

ϸݴǰʱ䣬һ֮󣬱һǧ֮ڣ֮ٹ꣬سֵʱ䣡

Ȼһ룬ôǵǻеʱȥѴ˴¶ҵ飡ӵ

ҡͷ»½ɶʢ˥䣬֮ףҲһ֮ڣҲ˵һ֮»ҵ֮ʱң֮ʵַλǸʱҲȺ֮ʵؼʱڣҲƶĿʼǻǸʱչȫ̼ƻ

Ҳ˵ЩƻҪȵ컯ʽչʲô

ƻչ֮ҲӭһǿĵˣǸʱ䣬֮ŷӡһ½Գڵ˻׼ʱ䣬Ǳץʱ乮ʵǣ

ӡĻǿĻƾǵʵƺѶԸѽУұҪЩһﵽǰͻ쾳У

˵ţб۷һۣȻͻƵؾȻңôʰ㣬ߺߣ

˵꣬һֱδ˵ʱͻȻ۲ӵ鱨Ӫ飬Ѿˣ롭

˵ͷԽԽСʣҲҪӡ

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ʱ䲢ԣز֮ΪеؽԼʵһΣҲûдڲ֮ж

ӦҪ˼죬Ϊ˫֮ĸ飬ҲҪһЩ캢ӵŰ顣

Դϴͻ֮ʱͨ󣬿һЩԤ֪Ļ档

ͻȻʱŤת˾棬ʹɹͻ֮뵽ؾ׶ε̺һֱ˼Щ档

һγصʱȷʵ뵱ʱԤĲ࣬ϱܰദĻ棬ѩͬʱŶӵģغȴֻѩһУȴǲ

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ҪӵʱӵʱͶ˼ѩ֮ô˺ӣôԼԤǸ֮е飬ͱ׸ı䣬һôԤ飬˵ҲᷢһЩ΢ı仯

ˣӾҪ֤ʵһ飬ˣʵǿԼеģԼԤ֮еǰǳ䡣

Ҫһ𣬾ǲ־֮²תͻ֮ˣҲ֮츲صı仯

ദ⼸죬Ҳᣬڴϼֱһ˲Ҳʮִ󵨻뵽Ļ벻ģ쾡µһ飬ʹҹҹ꣬ˬ˼㡣

һȴС̳ӡ⼸˺üǽǣܻṴˣڴֳķ飬ȴڴҲԳ֮ΪСŮҲɿĿɿڴ硣

ԭ֮£ȻôȤ

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˵Ů֮˫ɡ3PʲôҲù񫣬һֱ붼飬û뵽ڴ˿̱ʵ

ҲҳԴ⼸ŮУʹ׵С֮󣬱Ķӡ

Ѿ˼ƻһжתҪ̫עҪʵʩչƻҪһԺĵλʽӲ˷һʱ䣬ȫԼΪϡ

˺ڲѩ죬ĸǻػչδıĸ죬ĸ׽׼һ󣬱ٴν˲ڵǻͨؾ֮Уչҵ



һΣӾѾһΰ׻ǿɷǿ⾳

ڴ˴αչ֮УǹԼĿǰԲ޵ǿ⾳֮ͨǿصıǳ뵽Ƭо˼ɷ񱩵İ׻ǿա



Ӳһǰ׻޵ǿ֮УԼıǳǰ׻ǿ֮Ϻ󣬱ܸо˿һĹâӿԼڻ֮С

Ȼϸ˿ǳȴΪϬ⣬ͺһͻȻ֮Ϊĵط

һɲǼ䣬Ӹоȫһʹϸ˿֮󣬾ͷ·ڴʹȫÿһе񾭣ʹ弸ԡ

ÿһ˿ϸ߶ſ񱩶ɷϢΪԵһޱȵĽͺҪгɷ飬ӵս̲סʼ

ز֮ע֮У׻޵ǿ⾳Ҳ൱Ƕͨ˾ı֮ҪĵڶصϾ飬ⲻǶľж壬һμΪпĴ̡

ûһżᶨƵĺģôɱ¾񱩣Լɷǿ⾳ɻὫͽǱܼ尾޾

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ֻܹס޾ʹ޾ܻǰǿʵ

˵޵ǿ⾳Ŀ飬ô׻޵ǿ⾳Ǿܷͨ޾Ѫɱ¾ԼܵɳϢӰܷ֮񱣳ֱĲ䡣

ҲǾԲܰ;ϵģΣգҪֻ֣֣

Լǿ־ȥ˷ʹࡣȻںǿ⾳̺֮⾳һֱǿ

׻̺֮ǿ⾳֪ԶŵĺģʲôңԶʱԼǿ־ͼںʱоԼһδİ硣

ƺֻһƣǾ޾ɱ¾޾Ļ

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Щڷ˺Լ壬·Ҫķѣ޾ʹҲĥȻǿ

ÿԷʱ˫طԷֱɱԽ֮ʣԽǧ޵ӴȺУ޾ɱ¾־ԽԽǿԽԽǿ󣬵Ҳʧַɱ¾⾳֮޷԰Ρ

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һ̣ӽĿ޽ٵһƬǿաȸޣ



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ڤԱߵλӦ֮ʱλһλϳУɳƵɤϣЩ޸̲ܵĽƺЩԸӲǧɽЩҲδ˱ʣ

޸жģɱʥȡ֮ճϲضǣԽ˴ϼַλ˵֮ʵҲˣӽϵ˴ԸǺṩһǧһת裡

ôֱʣȻҪṩƷҩڣ⻰ΧĳϾݣз׷һ˿Ľ뼵ʡ

Щ鶼λа֮׽УֻҪΪҾ˼컯ˣ˵Щҩ࣬ҲûпܣҪı֣

˵գа֮һתоһŹâĿֲͷ˭ģͷҪ÷޾ڤū

̧ͷͷпͼһâųһʹൽŤӰһ˵ʮֲֿ

֪Ŀǰϼ⣬֮ʵҪλа֮㳲֮书һۡ

£񱩵ķ



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أӤС첲СչУͬʱ۾Ҳϼޱ󼴽ﵽ˲䣬

۾ʱ֮ͻȻųһϹ⣬ǸԲһ

ͻȻоһͺʲôԼĺ۵˲䱻һ㣬ϸһһֱϣ컯ϢϢ

ڱ֮֮һѪͨиʵУӵһġ

䣡

ʱһ¡Ĳϼޱڴﵽٽ֮Щӡڹâµ״̬֮󣬷׷ѡ

ӼӤԼƳ˰һصĹ⻷ҲûάʽһṦ䣬ʽԶѽ

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ʽ˲䣬һӤ֮ʱ쳹ǰ

Ĩ˰ѶͷĺˮӤ޺louºͶĵЦݡ

ʱҲ˿ֶӵأϲ

չ֮źӵĿڻС

СӤڵӵĻ֮󣬾ȻˣСָţһ󿩿ĿЦݣɰˡ

ӣҿ

ʱӿ۵˷׷Ҳ˽һȾͳ˽ӱӤһһ˹ȥڻſɰ۵Сһڣͣૣҵعҵع

ӿΧӿˣźӵʱ϶ſĵЦݣ׷̲סŪСҲǷǳġ

ߵߣƽȣʰӲ֪ҲǣֻǺϸĵһӾͻȬŷġ

ʱֽˣһҲơ

תͼһλźӵǹȸĸӡ

һͬģͿҵļˣŮ˺ͺӾӶһЩƽͿӵܽЩȢϣ̫̫ţ˲ȻѾҵ˼£ЩŮͺڲӰȫ

ЩϲȺ֮˳ϵǰϲţҲˣ

úúãҵЦͷ󣬾ȲشнӹӣḧҲޣֻǺؿʹºʹϣʼչſĵЦݡ

ӺֽӻŽŮӺͺǷ׷ӽܣЩŮǴźӷ׷׼񣬳ò֡

Ӽ֮ʱ½

ֻЩǣν˾ȻŪºʦͽˣŮ߳Ů

Ҫǰ¼֮ʣһӰͻȻ˹ͱסӵĸ첲ϲе磬ڼأ˼ƺ磬Ҳ˼ңأ

˼ƾС죬Ҳ˼꣬ҲˮƯһ鶯Ʈʣ΢Цţ̲סС

СѾͷض㿪󣬾ܵߣеùãұ

ƺѾ˼ƣ΢ЦžСĵؽӽ˼ƺ̫̫˵

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ӵĿͻȻ䵽˲Žݵһλ˵ϣֻ΢һĿͶ˵ϡ

һصװ̰գüʱڸɽˮĻ֮ߣͦӢˣǷȣ׺ִ֮һ˵ζ˳һԡ磬ڲ֪Уֶһֳߵľ⡣

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ӵӡУƲһλ־̲Σɣʣضţ͵ͨˡ

Ǵһ֮£ĵһӡȴǽȻͬ

ƲߵϣһѧɣԵĴеʣһĺȻ֮аħһɺذϣȴΪһ١

Ȼ˵ǾͶ֮ʣ֮оܸһóϷܡ

Ȼ֮䣬ӾøΪ컯֮Ȼ

ȴڳƲ֮£֮УҲһ־֮ġ

Ϊǣߣϲͬ·һֱ֮£ȴܰбӻӲӰĸ׵ĸ磬ľ˾ˡƲߡ

Ӷ֮УƲƺӵ֮жĵĲһ֡

Цº˵飬ֻһľֹ˱˴֮ľ롣

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Ӹ̵ĻƲߴʱվƺ綼Χתеƺڷ΢ı仯

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һʮĸоӿ˿ˣЩƺûиܵЩ״ЩɻΪʲôԼƲϵʸӦ

ʱߵߣļ򣬵ӣǵлҪ˵

˵գ˾ͳš

Ʋ߳ӵͷһۺҲż˳š

ʦܣ߰ɣ¾ʱһӾ͸ȥ˲



֮Уӵʱ򣬾ͼƲվڻ̨֮ϣ˫Ŀ΢գΧԼһĹ֮еͷһʹ⣬Ʋߵҫą̊́ǰӰ֮ϡ

ǣһĻӳһ

˸ź룬ӽ˵ͻȻһ֣һεţĴŻϱԳء

컯֮֮Ѫ츳ӵеһ츳ͬʱ컯ĳֹɣ츳ͬ죬ҲӵԤ֮

˵ţߵ̨ԱߣͻȻ֮ųһĹʡ

ӸӦ֮£ּ˵ϣҲӵһ׽͸ĲܹƲϵʶһЩͬı仯Ӧʮ졣

Ҳ˵ƲߵӰ£˵컯ҲʶӦϵ컯֮߱һ־׵츳졣

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Щɻ󣬻ǵΪǣֻز֮ϵǾ֮󣬲ŷ޽ֻеһ֣ǿűǳһеģ

Ʋߵͷıǳռĺ˶ʵı仯컯ı֮Ҳ˷츲صı仯ǵǣӶʹǳ֮صޱǶγ˹ıǳޱǣҲǧֵı

ޱǣ֮ж컯֮߱ͳǿգǳ졢ءĺӳϼ⽵٣ѡΪͳ˼ĵ˻ʣҲޱ֮о߱˵Ӷɾ컯˵ڵλĴ֮ϣӣ̳˻ˣΪ˵֮

ҵĶӽ̳е˻ʣΪ˵֮ǼʥһأʳǸʡ

˸룬ȻǸʱϾһֱʥ˵֮еĵؼʥҲ˵Թҷֵʥ컯ʥֻ֮ԽʱǬ˵컯ʧǧ겻Ҳһֱδгֻ֣컯Ǭ֮ʱϲò컯˵̻ʹǧ֮󣬵˻ʳֵ֣컯˵֮󣬼ϱҪάؼʥƽʹ

ƲߵͷӵɫֲҪ֪ؼ䣬鶼ҪѭķǱһݱƻʹ۸ĵһƻ۸ģôʧǬңֻһһ

յľΣѭؼȻֲĹ˸εֹܹʱֵܷ֮в컯һ֮УҲҪѭģһ֮еĹƻôҲ˽

ǵĵ˾ҪͨƻķʽòԼ֮ǵռĿꡣ

컯ǿĶֻܸܵõÿһ֮Уάߣǵʹάֹɲƻͳ֮ʥ֮˵֮Ǭ˫棬׳ʶ棬Ϊ컯ۻʡʥʡϼ˻ʡ֮棬Ǭ֮棡

ͣҲЩɣһּ򵥵ķʽ⣬졢ء֮УÿһҪѭĹ

ͱһߣʵ֮ľ֮ʱͻ֮ʣı仯Ҳ֮ӣûһεϣôֻ֮еǸݱƻĹսᣬ

һȡɣҪƻôֹԼ֮£ȻбֹѡеִƲãάⷨȨԣ÷ԼǵΪ淶ĵȽƣñƲʣʹַɵȨ

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ʴڵ֮һʣ˳ϵ˼ʥʵʥˣҵĺӵϼ˻ʵ˵ˣôˣΪ˭ãǬ˫棬Ǵڵ壬ʲô

⻰˺ȻһЦЩ飬͵ģ컯ˣҪѭ﷢չݱɣַᡢ֮Ի֮Իᣬ֮Իƶÿһ֮УǵĴڣǷֵõ컯˲ͬӶڵļֵҲͬе﷢չ仯ɽ졢ء֮Ĵˣһո󣬱ǺƮʥ֮

Ʋ˵ˣӵ˼·ԽԽЩɣ֮ʱȻ׵ģ컯ޱϢϢغҪİΪһ޵Уӵڤǳ֮ˣǳֱӹغ컯

˵ţƲصؿӣֵҪμһ㣬ǲ֮еÿһǳ𣬶غ仯Ǻ̺֮İ

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Ʋڲ֮е̸ҪΪȷһ

Ⲣ̸ҪݣƲͨ컯ֽ¼ⲿ伮оݳȥδ֮еĳݱͷչɡ

֮еһ콾ӵе˸ŽԤ

ٴγƲߵ֮֮صһΪش󣬺֪ı

Ʋ߳Ϊ컯֮󣬴ʽ츳֮Ǽǧֵ֮һ졣

֪εĵλĴ䣬ֻдЩעһֱҪֶΡ

Ʋǰ͸louЩ컯֮Ĺݱ䣬ʵѾעģһֱѡơ

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ӵͷ֣һһӰһ֣ǰڲţһ޵Ĺ

Ʋ߿ַʽǿ͵صͷô˷Ѫ־ȷΪ֮ںʡȥٵ鷳

˵գƲһУҲƾֳֻǰĹԶĹΪޣէһһŻ

ӽǰȡƲߡ

Ʋ߲ûֱӣǺȻµͷʱڵĽؽʶһλǰǬطҽйϴӵ飬Ҫطӽһϴϴһ໥ǣӶܸõغ϶Ϊһ

µͷ岻ݴǣ

Ʋʱתͷˣ֮£Ͱˣ

Ǻǣ

˸һЦͷ󣬾ȡӡ£ָ㣬ӡºȻųһĹâһ㣬ǵ㾹Ȼöʵӡ¡

Щӡ֮ʣƲٴվϻ̨ͻȻһָ̨ǰǸϷˮӰڣˮֶʱ㿪һ϶ͬʱһĹâˮ֮ųء

һĻ֪ʱվ˻ֻ̨ǵʱԼΪʵϵͣܵɣа彫ʱͶ̨֮ˮس˺棬ֻһֱ³ç顣

񿴵Ʋվڻ̨ϣ鲢û˿ֻôһָصˮ֡

ųҹâˮֱȫ֮һ嫺񳱰㿪ʼӿ˳֮С

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ʱ˵Щӡ¾ܵĳǿҵһ㣬׷׷䵽Щ֮ϣʮɺϵǶ뵽ЩĿն۾֮ϣʹЩͺͫһ㣬׷ӵĻܻ֡

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еʽ֮󣬼˱һֱӡάʽתƲվڻ̨ǰʱٴ컯֮͸

ӿһĻˮ֮еԴʱ֮оƲߵӣʼѪϴ񣬽طעѪ֮УҪѪĳʩΪǡ

ƲߵĽʱǰѪȡͼѾ׼׵ͷ

ӽǰѪһʹѪڰգһ֣㿪ʼѸӡ

ӡط֮еľҲľͣѸٵӡʱʱҲͬʱӡէһ˾ͺǾϵѵһ㣬ǵַٶȣһµġ

ӡʱ۽΢֮вɳԾһϢ֮ʮ˵ӡѾĿǰܴﵽļޡ

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רעӡ֮ʣԼҲûо쵽ܹһϢ֮侹ȻܹѸٵʮӡֻڵʮһʱžһϢѾǼޣ΢΢ϢѸٽеڶϢνᣬʹǰʮжϡ

쵽һĻٿӵ񣬶ʱùĲҲ˶ԴӵֱۣǸ

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ڵڶϢӡĽ֮У±ڶϢӡ׶Σᵽʮӡ֮ʣӡ

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𾪵ط֣ڵڶϢν֮ٶȾȻһֱڳһĽ׶Σӡû˵ĿƣѾﵽһָ߲εľ統ȥˣڵʮӡʱӲܿ͸ڶϢʮ˵ļ޿Ҫ֮ʣȴѾʮ

Ҫ֪µʦ£ӡϢ֮ʮѾǼˣʱʵڲڵϢ֮ʱһֱ̬ͻԳԽ

ӡᣬӡǿԽ󣬾Խǲ׺ܺõνӣΪɽɽļϢϢ֮󣬻ҪᣬͻһƲסǰӡķɡ

ͺñսУ㿪ףȴûмʱӳȥհԼըˣӡҪƺý࣬ıʱ䣬Լӡ֮ʱܴﵽļޡ

ڵϢУᵽʮһʱѾﵽҪļޡ

ǵֹ֮ͣʣͷڵϢ֮УѾʮĵˣһмͻƼ޵ͷ

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ȻظӦ£ǸȻؿһ֮󣬱㳯ͷ

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ѪڵɼΪǿע֮󣬴ʱһѪɫĹ⻪ʮֳңҲŽֵķӦѪɫӵʻͺһ䶯ѪҺȴִżȵɭ֮⣬˲ʹ֮е¶Ƚȣڱ̣˺

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ѪĳȫӵԤϣǿע룬ȻҲֻӦ

Ʋ߿ǿѾ䶯ѪҺһɭ֮⿪ʼ֮ʱҲȡѪ

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ʱ˵ΧⷽʽʹʽԲķתһγһʮͼ

ǴӸߴ֮ܿⲿڰεķʽһɹ⻪˳ʱתεڲԲΣȴһŹ⻪ʱת

һһʽһƺĳĹɱ仯£Բ֮еʱ˴֮䣬Ȼɿʼ໥ų⣬һַ̩

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һĻȴƲ߱ˣʱ̣һЩ컯ˣʹüͷǵˣǺ롣

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ʱһĻˣס˺ûע⵽﷢һСcha

ͼˮ֮УŲڶ𣬾֮Ĳʺ磬ܿγһεľŲʹš

ǾŲʰ쵵Ĺγ֮ʱˮ֮УֻѤʰ쵣ΨĲͻȻǺ֮ϣе˵룬ͬȴƮĲβǵ״̬Ҳһؼɣʵ

ֻ޳֮ϣеѪ֮󣬾ͺҵ˹ӣͻȻ䷢һޱȵĻ𣬾УѸѪ֮ʧ

Ѫڲ֮󣬾ܵĳǿҵĴ̼ʱӵĳң貶ݣһ֮£ڿʼӴһ𣬲ʼں

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Ӵ£ʵ֮䣬һصӿţһֱǼԻ֮Ѫ츳

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Ӵʱǿ顮Ǭ뷨Ʋ뼧ǣʱҲɽĿתӵϡ

ǸӺ棬Ҳ֪졢ء컯֮Ĵһı֮Ѫ츳֮󣬾ʲô



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Ѱڴ˱չҲһʱˣǴ˴εıչأҪΪ̥ܴصӶһ֮

ΪǴʵѾ֮Ӵһιͣ룬ʹǵľʵ½һ磬Բòһµķʽ

ʱ˿̣Ѱ¶΢գͷ֮ϣŲâţС

Ƿźŵͬʱͼһ˿˿ǵͷƮ𣬽һӰ

ǵ壬ҲڵӰʼƮ·ҪӰƿնȥϵı飬ȴԵüΪʹࡣ

ķ볣˲ͬʵѰʱѾؼʱ̣ı仯ΪֻҪܼסʹ̥ܹܹ۳ǷôԵĽ׶κ󣬾һٳƷһոµ֮

ʱѰɫԽԽʹ࣬Ʈ壬ǽʵӰȡĴҲʼھҵĲȻЩֲסˣؼʱ̵ԵüΪ

Ĵ޹һĻǲģпܻΣʱǲò۷̣רעڱռ

ڣǵļ£ǶĴе׶κ֮һ¡죬һεľͻȻ£ǾӰ죬ͬʱһɫѪ

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˳ǿʼǸʱȴҪɢļ

һ˺ܿյĽ

Ȼͻļ̺㣬ջûȫ̤֮С

ЩյʱʱѰͻȻһ·Ӧʲôϲ㣬ǻϣ컯

΢΢һ漴ҲӦһĲǽӿֻգۼĹǾͼβӰһ컯ѸٵϮͷϵľŲ顣

ӦҪֹѰͻȻȰ㲻ɣǲֱ컯ѡǣҪͨŲ飬Ϊѽ

˵һҽУͼ컯˾Ų֮ޱȰƴƺ޷֧ţǾŲȻ˹ѵۼҪ

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ŮֱӡУʮ췽 ϵǲݻٻģǵ˼Ѿٹ̡

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ʱۼǾŲֻ컯Ľ޷صѹҪٵʱҪֹȴѾѰʱǿҧ۾졣ضǿӡ

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ڣһѰĴ촫ͷ·뵽õ֮Уýöң

ͼǾŲٲȻѿ˳롣ǱһиһֻڿһȦ󣬱ѸٵŮõڡ

ǱָľŲõ֮к󣬽öѾ˲١Ϊһɰ·󺣿һ㣬ǵ֮ɽһ㱬һһسˢǵ徭硣

ǹӿ룬õľٴЩʧأǷ֣һжܿƵסġ컯ӿǵ֮кǲؽԵʮֱ

ܹоõ䡣ϦһصǣǡǷֵ컯ˣչһǧͻ쾳Ҳֻʱˡ

Ѱ»ֵò֮ӡ컯ˣֻƲ֪

컯һ˶й׽˶ٶӰ죬ֵһЩ컯˵ġ

ѰãԶ֣Ǳ˴˶֮䡣иӦСܹʱ̷ֵֻ컯ˣҲȻȻġЩƲܹġ

λڲ֮еɯֵúˡƲ㲻ˡ

ʱƲ߸˲ȥ˵ӡ컯ӡ֮󡣾ж˻λԵ֮зֵһЩˣʱѪ츳ĽҪͷˡ

ͼƲվУΧмάִת֮£Ʋߵĵ弸㣬֮еġ

ǬʱųҵĹ⻪ӳƲǰǸ·𱻼һͼ֮ϡͼܵĳִ̼ƺǣƲ֮еľѪڲϵطš

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֮Ѫܴ̼֮츳ʱܳĽϳһЩ

ӵȺ˽ʮʱ֮ǲǬŵĹâ֮࣬ջȥСĵС

ƲʱһѪˣıǽһѪ롣ЩȽųĲѪ

ЩӾĶˣҲΪȻֻӸܵƲ֮Ѫ֮ϵľ޴仯

ʱһ֪

۵˲䣬֮оⱬ䣬·ɨ֮¡κܿޱȵ˵Ĺȥע֮Уѭǰһһչ֡

֮Ѫ֮ƲߵԤչֳһһ˼Ѹܵõʣ

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ӵ˵ͷƲ˵⻰ѾˣѾ֪ǴԽʵ

Ʋ߼ɫ̹ȻͷҲĵŸϣǱū۵ˣ㣬һ֮ӣѪ־ҲѪȥɣʵѪѺ󡣾˼ʶһڲͬɣ

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УԼáƲ߿ҲԤ֪ԼѪ֮󡣽չֳڲͬ

룬ӽЩͷܿľ顣

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һĻüڳ֮ʱɳԾǿռϡѿռԽԽڴˣ

˵ţǺ죬ǿʽת

Ʋɫ䡣漴һɺȻ֮Уǿʽ

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ǬڵõӵξѪ֮󣬶ʱâͺԴͷһɹɵİѸٵؿʼӿӵӶ

ʱͻȻܵһּΪǿѹѹ֮䣬γһֱȸУʹƺʲôڴҪ

ü֮ǾŲʹâʱӵĳҡ֮䣬ͻȻһֵĸоؽŽС

ֻǵų֮󡣾ͷԼ֪˲ ѾıһǷ

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һоԼֻҪԸ⡣ʱܹʽԼعǺǺӡ

ǻ֮ѪĹؼ׶ΣѹͷУֳһͷעűı仯

ķȻܹԼ˿Ӵʱı仯ٴξһ

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ʱ򣬲Ǭѽ̲еȫ˳ȫע뵽ӵıڣżӵǰǲǬͼѸٿʼΡ

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ѪڷʱƺܵĳǿҵĴ̼ܹܵѪ֮еÿһϸƺڲš

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ĵڶҪͷѪ̺֮ӵ壬һӦԵǿʹӵĳһõǿ

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ҲѰҹԭ򣬶ǿʥռǾ֮ϵĽ֮ʱûҵķ

Ѫ֮ʱѪ֮еź󣬽һζӵʥӦԳǿҵ֢ڡ

֮ԻռʥʱһЩϰΪѪԵʡ

ڣڡǬĴ̼֮£Ѫ֮еһı󻯵ͷųŽһܵǹɰڶжǿ֮ʱַһܹܵʹࡣ

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һʮǿҵļѹ֮ʹ޲ҪڵϸȫӲףڸʱʹ࣬Ʋ֮ǰܵʹ࣬ȫһ֮ϡ

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־ԽǿǸʥʹԽǿΪڲϵھ򿪷֮󻯵Ǳܶġ

֮Ѫ֮Իᱻ֮Ϊ֮ѪҪԭͨĲ֮ͬڣرԴĳأͨ˴ﵽ֮ɾֲֿĴڣȻȻͱ˳֮Ϊ֮Ѫ

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УûЩʵʱ־ֻҪܴԸЩǿļһˡ

ʹڳţʱҲһһεš

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Ǵûе֪ӵѪ츳֮󣬾һʲôƣĿǰԣǻ

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ʱӣȻڲ֮УѪ츳ѿ֮ʥҲռɾǿʥ塣

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Ҳһ⣬źӣãҲûпʲô

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Ʋʱӻǳ壬һһԤõ·ݸһ˸Իϡ

ֻڴ֮ʱȻڲͣس˼ţݲҲоҲԭԤǵһβΪĸо

ʱ´Ӳ֮˳˺Ʋ߶ü˼ʲôҲһã֮ɫʵʲôˣ

֮£µûرܣȥ˲ûпọ̈̄Լ˱ϸһ顣

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˵գƲ߼ݣȴüͷֻȱʲôҸݲ

뼧˶һۣҲʮֲ죬ƲߵԤͨ컯Ϊ컯֮ȻݲģϣҲֻһ̥˰ɣ

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ƲߵУһֱϣϣҪıʲô޷Ԥ֪ݲ飬һ⡭

ϣ鷢ųǸıǬĹؼ֮أʧ⣬Ŀ֮һֱܹذֶҾǶ˵Ҳαĸӡ

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ӱЩ飬˳ȻãͻȻоƲΪķһĻижжľ֮⣬Ũ

ӵв֮ƲͻȻ۾һϿڽеǿĸ֮澹컯֮صĹ

˵գӿʵӣǰǲʲô飬˸λ𣿡

һȴͷͻȻЩصǰɱ˺ܶˣҲûʲô£λ𰡣

Ʋȴ˵ƾ٣ֻ˵ֻҪһЩӰ飬жݣӶΪλ𣬶ܹӵֺǿĸ֮ģϸ룡

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ƲߵʣǺУҲ԰ָ֮˵֮ģ

ϸ룬û˭ȥΪģ£Ҳ̫ȥѩٿɣ

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˳˴֮󣬾ͼǰĹ㳡ǰվˣòͬĿעǣк桢йġоϲοҲеǡȵȡ

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뵽һ뵽һһͼһʵ״С

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СޱͻСûҲ±ڵӦ֮ڲ֮±дһʹСޱ塣

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ѩӽԼĻҪ͸Ů뵽ųĺӣԥ£ǵ±ڸĺӰɣǽ˻ʣޱ

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ѩͷĺڻû֣һƺ̫ʣղŻ߶Ͽ֣ھȥǱ߰ɣ

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ѩźͼƲߺ࣬˼Ƽ˶С˵Ż֮ڡ

ﱧźӣʱ壬Ӵʱ˯ú

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룬Ʋߣ˾УӦкʵ˰ɣ˵ɣ

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⻰ͷӦֲУúӽǿţƲˣ˵̫Ҫѵһ٣Ʋ˵֣Ҳ⣬üǾУǺЩ

ӴӦƲ߿ﱧŵСޱһۣȻˣӵ־ͽƳУޱ±ڣǳҵϣ֪㻹а｣ҲѾǷƷͽǰѽ͸жɣ

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ӵ£ǲ̫簮ǣⲻڳɳԻרŽ̵ģȲգڻ˵˵ǸҪɣ

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һֲcha磬廹Ҫʲôѩˣ

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ЩҲһ᲻еҲ㲢õЩʲôӶʱ϶дɱҾⲻɺϣһʾԵľ棡

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ʵ飬ƲƳУӱѾ֪һ˵ǿˣȥ΢֮ۺָƲ߱еһЩ

ӵͷȷʵʾֱ

ƲߵʵҲֻ֮ͨǳͶӰÿ˵ϣԴ۲ģûǰֱˣЩܹ۲Ӧģǹ۲Ӧģ㶼ַͨ𣬸Ӿ׼ʵȫܹӳһݱɺģǺеǳдԵģܹеİУôһУӲǳ۵ѲӣΪʱÿһǳ۾

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Ʋˣվһ۵ǳȥɣ

ӻ⣬˺ŮСһѾ˯ˣ˿ڱ㽻ѩ漴͸Ʋ߳˷䡣

ٴλصʱŸļ˵ºһ

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浽ɽѰǬδ̬ûбʾǷ˴컯֮ս

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վɽԶɽȫòû˼ȥп棬΢֮ǣֻ컯λŵϢǱ컯ĲҲˡ

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ӿ˲ֱ֮Ӵɽϣֱ۸ܵľɽϵĳ

已̥ص֮䲻Ƽı죬նУ񾳽ͻ쾳Ӷԣܹʵֵġ

նУЩ棬־е̼ʩչʻһϾһνƣŵ˥ߡ

ֻں֮䣬оΪһʱ˵ĵëֻҪؼǹ޴ڵ̤նУƮݣ顢ȥ硣

ոµĵؾߣǱı֮ǰʮ꣬ϰ궼޷ذأʹ已ɿ

磬쾳֮ϵߣҲָô

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ڿŲУƮѣŵӰвԼԼλʦô

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ܲ͸Щظõĵ֮Գɾʹǻ۵ʥҲ֮ɾ˸߲εֹɵѭǼ̹ŻʱһвĹɡ



߲ϣһֱ࣬ҲĽ֮һϵĺһ˺˸̤Ҳк֪ڵһЩܡ

֮ؼʱʱ߲ϵһһֱʯͷһʯʨ񣬾̨ϻӣͻȻ۾Ŀ֮оâ䡣

дʱ֮ȴһɿȣִһη壬һ̰ΪĸӦõ̺֮һͨ޷֪Ķ

ЩĶӰ˿İ׻޵ɵǿȣһɲǼ䣬׻֮İ׻ǣһ˿Ļᣬлǹɿȡ

Ȼָоż꼻һ֣׻ǽǴβӰ죬ȴΪԶӵĿܹŵǵϿɣøǿ⾳иһֿ־֮ģΪ˿Ű׻ǵĹָֺоʧ֮ۡ

ʱ̲סվֱƿҵĴţµڵ֮Уûм޵Ӱ㻽һλֵѰʣ֪޵һʱ䷢Щ쳣仯֮󣬱ԸϸɽǱס

Ʋǰı˿컯ʱ䣬Ѿƶƻ  ׿Ū˸ֲ֮أȻҲʹǲôԭмƻǰв

ӵ֪Щëģ˵ϲֱֱȥϲñֶνˣû֮ǰ޳ľٴŭǳ侲ֱһλٴԭȥ

ƬɬŸɿݵĴ֮ϵԨ϶֮УȻ֮Ĵ͸ǿȴû䵽ƬڰԨ֮ϡ

ֻǴʱǵǰһ̨ϣƹȰģȻͷӰȴþãվλִԲĳϡ

̧Ԩ֮ϵƬ뽫͸֮⣬ãŻ³ɲ˵ڤǣʱӦøϵ˰ɣû뵽Щ˵ǽƻ⿪컯ʱǰŪ˱һֲ

ڤֹӵиʱѲãǴĸ»˴ӰһЩҡڣڲ֮ķìԽԽˣ

վ⣬ֻԼǿˣܶҪӵеһУ

һλɫ԰ףݵðĳϣݲ

۾ɡָſյȼ޲ڤ𡣱˫Ħ£ⲻڤϢԭȴȼյøʢ˵Ҳڴ˴컯֮Ŵ֮ʣֵЩ컯ˣմѪȪ֮еԶţҲиյϣ

Ŵ˻ǿ׵ĺ֮ͻȻĹ⣬˼֮ɫñô˵ҪŻಿѪˣ

ǣֻҪ㹻Ѫľ֮Ǳܽٻʱսĵط֣һʱ֯дһλ΢΢תתеԲ򣬳֮͸Źɿ˵

ΣҪȶ컯֮ˣ컯㿪ҲҪʱҪ컯ʥиռ죬϶ϴСִУ˴ΣҪЩŻಿĺȫ

֮Դͷ̲֮㾰ɽ

ʱ˿̣Խǽӽ֮Դͷ֮ǶĸܾԽǿңȻصֵ֮ʱ䲢ֻʮĹȻʱͣԳһЩ

˴ʱһվڰյ컯£컯ʱչֵ棬޸п

ʱÿ˵ذдأǸܵһ̰ϢﻺƽҲζţΪֹǣҲòᲢչж

ʱ֮⳹ʧСšվ·ļͻȻһ˵Үȣȡգȼִ컯֮һȥλϣķԸ£õ

ҮͷһЦֱӸ֮ж̤ؾ͵컯֮ſֳΣȴܹӦǫ́ף밬ȼ˶һۣͷҲϡ

ţֿ˿ʹ˵ˣ졢ǧɽӲء̡ŵȸɣǲһǰ컯ע⣬ǰǴ˱ܹ컯컯֮ų⣬־ᶨ֮ˣ

⻰ûбʾģԼλҲʥ컯֮ˣǷİš

֮УȻ֮ˣҲ岻ݴǣŪ¼һλųϵ⣬ȥԺ󣬽еţǶҪӼϵİţ

˵ţ֮УҲѾѡ֮˵

ЩǣЩ˵Уһλͻʮ꣬Ӳص꣬³ǳǣЩȡ

òͨȴһɺȻ֮ȻΪֻʥ壬ʱȴҲû˻ӴӡΪǴӴϣܵһЩƲ߱ȽƵǹʥϢҲû˻˴ǰᣬҲΨһһʵڵؾµ˶

˴λ꣬漴͵˵ͷЦӣȥ֮ǧҪţ֮󣬸ҪȣҲ˵Ǽ֮δǰ;ţϷ򿴺㣡

⻰ԭЩŵ³ǳǵƽϹһ˿ȻЦݣС

Щȥ֮󣬴ʱ˶ʣµ˵ϣи޵ϣܹЭ֮Уȷ˴δ䣬ܹ˳С

˻䣬ʱϣ᳤ȴЩæ̶ߣֵϣǱλԳǬУǰμӴʹߣ壬ȴϱݣ뼧϶᣿

  

ʹһֱƮٵǬίǰμӴʹߡ

Щüͷ;ôΡ

ȻǬ֪컯֮£涼ˣֻνʹǰô©ɵ㣬߳ɿԿ϶⼸ⲻƣֻһ˳̽

룬ϣ᣺ϣ᳤ϣȻ˲˵ݣôǿʲôʾ

ϣ᳤ϵ֮ǿΪǼ֮УһᣬִһҪĶ컯䣡

컯䣬ᣡ

ɫݣʱԱߵȴǰһϣ¿թ

ϣȴϣ컯ȷʵ٣öǺϣǸᣬһλߣʮʶ֮ѪζԴҲȷɣ

ڳ˷׷׵˿أ֪ģĴڣðһͽ˾Щ˼粻ȴƫƫʱ˻ɡ

ɫأģǰȥ

˵ţֽ¼Ħڵ೤ϣǰһ£ѳϣҽտ򲻵ʧõ˴ɽȵط

Ӧ󣬼ϣǰȡ



컯֮ŵ˲䣬컯֮ȫ

컯֮һţƲߵ˵ǰ

ͨؾĺţƲ߲û˼ڽ룬ǵ֮ŵһٲ롣

컯֮ſͨ·ϵƶ֮䣬Χƶ价ƣһʥ

澰鶼ƽ

ֻǵһ̤컯컯֮ţһصһɹɵ޿ռ֮ľ£ӽرŵ컯뿴ȫһ

ʱˣһĿɿڴ

ƲߴʱҲ𶯣ǰչֳ֮УǺԼܹĵķʯ

ǵһãЩ֮Ƶĵʵֺ񲻴ڣ֪ʲôɡ

ĵãƲǿЩ񣬶һЩݲݣЩֱһʯ湴ɽȵȣڶ֮ЩʯϣǳһЩޣһãǰδʷǰޡ

Щ֮еʯ񣬾ͺɱԴʼɲٵһչݱ̡

˵˵صõʱе𾪣ѾЩľˣЩͷͷ飬ԽԽʯ񣬲ٸǵľ

һֱǽصеʱſһЩγɵĻҲҵһЩȱڹĺۼ

˵ڰصõʱ֮УɫȻеʱɫ档

ʱ棬Ŀ벻̫ԶһϣǸĽŲٳƶƲܹ䶯΢ɾૣʦ֮󣬾Ȼûе磬ȻǶô

ǰ߼ʼũĽŲҲͣסˣƲ˵ĽŲȫ֮ͣУƺҲһ

ΪԽӽǵھصõʱ򣬵ڸ˶Լ׽

ʼũŵһλߵۻʵãò¾֪˭

صõǰλϯϣƲ߿죬λĻʶ棬ĩλ׺֮۾ˡ

ΪʲôΪʲô

ֳŨŨ˸֮УȽгģں¡

ʱһϤĲϤᣬѾգţҲԸǰһС

Ϊǰŵ񰬿ݡգЩû˲ʶͬһˡ¡

ڰص֮зһĻĵ𺶣һǾ׺ǵ֮ϣ˳ظС

ȻǵľѴﵽֹˮľ磬ˣ˾벻һЩУ벻һЩԸĶȫʧȥУôǾͲˡ

һֱΪ֮·ܶռĿ꣬飬Ȼһսᣬشǹе˼ά߸ǶʶһߣշֵͷǾʮ꣬ǰ̻ܶĽս֮·˭޷ܣʧ̬ı֣֮顣

һ˵УΪ³ǳǣ˶һ֮жд˱ˣԼ³棬ƽʱһֵͯʱҲǰزʧ̬

һУλڳ𺶵ͬʱҲǱֵΪ侲һΪ̫Щģ֮ЩȥһһҵĽֻ֣컯֮һϯ֮λ

뵽³ǳһй۲Щ񣬿ʮֵʵһɣЩ˴ӱϣҲеľȻ򣬲η̬ϣЩ˶Եʮֵİ飬һֽѣȫ˷ֳһ߷

ʱ³ǳǣһ۵ĽǶЩģ˼άģʽҲͣ˵ľ֮УûеЩϹôǿҵ֪Ӧ

Ǿʵ뾳ϴڵĲ࣬³ǳųľ֮ϵǲӦʶһӵǶֿһЩͬ

ЩΪһֹľΪһħΪֻҪһɺȻ֮棬أﰲźõģԼգҲ죡

ΪԼյ룬ӽһֱ㶨˼ͬеǹɺȻ֮ľһɲǼ䣬ƺõһΰ

ʵ³ǳǲ֪Ѿˡҡĵһɱ䣬⾳컯еĳط򵽵ģǾǱֱĲ䣬ʱвһ˿¶һ˿ȻЦ⡣

ҪˣǷ֣ʱ˵ʲôǶҲӦ·Ѿˡ

ʱ³ǳǺһصΧƺҪǣĳصĵطûз˳Ȼ

һ̣һ˵̤ڰص뵽˵ھصС

³ǳǵֵı仯˴ʱȷʵûвƲΪ컯֮컯棬һЩʶ˽ģЩӰʱҲһ˿ʡ

ڿ³ǳͻȻʧھصõ˲䣬ƲߺȻһ͸Ӧ³ǳı仯ԳҡҡͷеҪˣҾҲЩʧ˱ģ

˿ˣʱʧ˱ĵĽ֮УƲҲˣҲͽͣҡҡͷһۣҲһ˵ھصС

ֻЩڰصУһر֮ǲʸ̤ǵھصУ飬κ˶ﲻæģֻпԼˡ

ʵû˲֪һʵĴڣǶǱĵһֿ顣V

  

˺ȿڴͼڲ£

˵Уһλò欷ŮӣҶ۾鶯Ĺ֮У¶һɽ˵䣬еСζֻ

֮Ůڼ˶˸ϵʱ򣬾һֱੲݣǸ̰ˣҲûбֵĲͷƾŮ˵컨׹޶ԣǲȵġ

Ůӿڶ˵ˣԱߵĶ˶Щ˯ȴҲ֮ɫһֱᡣ

˴һųǸòŮӳʥˡʵҲֻǵؾףǲͻ˾á

Ůߵߣһλǵؾ壬һλҲֻ˾֮еʦ

ֻ˵Ŀ⣬ȴһֱڴ˵ת

ݣ״̬Ҳƺ̫ã˫Щ޹⣬Ȼɣȷʵɡ

˲֪Щ˵⣬֪ǴŪôһĺǰġ

Ҳǿþɲ˶һۺǱ˹ȿڵλãǵ΢΢һ

ĺȻǹȿڵһ£λòŮӱɫһϲ΢΢Ƿ֮󣬱תĿ꣬Լ˵ǰӦ֮˰ɣǷǬίǰμʥģôǵ˲ǽѽɵΪ˼

ḧ룬ȻһЦС֪˹شʥУн֮ˣҪʵǬίǰǬ

òŮһţıʾһҪȼС򣬶òŮʱ΢£СʱȼһʻĻڶ𣬾ľ顣

ף⵽ǬǬ飬棬ҲȷʵǬߵǬ֮棬⵹Ҳ˵״ӣʲô֣

òŮ֮󣬴ϲ΢΢顣λڵ̫ϳϡϣڰĮһҰ˲оȻصǰᣬֽĿ˵ţգգ۾ڣǲǿԽȥˣС

˸ЦϷ˵Ǵ˴λ컯ǰɷϷһۣ

ɫЩԥԱߵĽһۣȴĿ˵ͷĿɫľȻ֡˱㿴öָ

컯𣬸һöȷʵǺϣָֻ

ĸ룬˽ָһۣ΢΢ǸĿɫɵ˼ЩõҪ컯䣬ҵһ취ָоǴֻǵȵһƾ֤һ⣬ֻ

ʱ˵ȻǬôλȰɣ

˵ţ˱ùȡ

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ţһЦ½ϷҲ֮飬컯ҪȥȷʵΪףϷһ֮¿Ը⣿

ĿǽӲı飬ͷ

Цᣬڸ°ֽϷϷǰ조ֻ˵šƵȥĿ

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Ŀڻδȣ컯ͷ²٣ȽȰɣ

ԱߵĴʱüͷ΢΢һ塣

ǲı飬⣬ϷߵɫͨƬ̱ܵҲܸϵʥľУˣ

Ŀһ⻰ԥؽ˳ס֮󣬶ʱһĨɫȻϷϣȷʵģꡣȴǼٵģǻʬܣ

⻰ĿͻȻһĨĹ⡣һֻ֣Ҫ͵ϮзʱץסĿһֻ֣ǻûĻܣȴǲĿԶֻ֣˼˵Ŀơ

Աߵ뽹ϾһĻɫ䡣

һ⻰Ҳ뽹չֳ˷䱸̬

ðƻ¶˰ɡϷ㣬㵽Ǹʲô

Ĵ˿оⱩ䣬һ־ȻſΧ֮еˮ飬㿪ʼѸܼγһˮһ˫ƣĿץȥ

Ŀʵֻ˾еʦλŵؾ׵ԣСľһ

ǣĵ⾳ǹˮֹʱĿУʱͻȻһŻĹâɹâĿ͸ĿĻʱȼһżΪҵĻ棬˲佫ĿΪһŽңȴֻʣ¼źɫӡ

Ŀȼճɻҽ֮棬ʱһֻֻаưСĻͻȻڶǹɻĸ֮£˲俪ʼ׳ǳҵĸ£ΧýһƬ

Ŀֻɫһ䡣Ҳ壬һٴμǿ˿ˮĻֹȥ뽫ϵĻϨ𣬱ˮ

˿Ŀ嵱УȻһֻ˵Ļȷˡǻʵδ׳֮ǰ֮ȴҲûԥһָѸٵڵ˸Ĺ⣬ʼѵĺɫӡ



ǿָһźɫ֮һǿӱΪС

飡

ʱĺɫ̱ѿ֮һɺɫϢѸٴǺɫͷ˳ѸٻΪһģ˵Ӱ񣬾ǲŴӵԹ꣬ʮ׶ǿ

а֮Ӱ

ЩǿһĶɫٱ䣬һӣʥʸƱ¶һɫĴӡƳɽصǼ׼ʼҴڵа֮ӰϮȥ

䣡

һʥʴӡһֻа֮Ӱа֮ӰһΪĲҽ֮󣬱㻯Ϊһźɢ

ֻа֮ӰȴʥʴǣֱɽķӴڶȥ

ãеע⣬а֮Ӱ룬ܷа֮Ӱ

˼ֻа֮ӰӴڣʨӺһǻɽȡ

ֻֻֻһֻȥʾ֮ͻȻʶ⣬ſʶĴ

֮ʣȻһ˹ɫЩŹ֡

Ҫʻɫʹ﷢һϢ  죬ɱңұǶ͵Ϯҵ񣡡

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аӰǣһаĶһϲǿߵ׺аʿַƣͨǿ뾫Ƕɳһֿ֮

뵱ӳֶʱ򻷾ߴ֮ս󣬵ʱŵǸǿǵؾ׵ǿֻҵĹ򣬱㱻µĶɣɼаǿ

񣬾˽ⶫõﵱȵשⶫڹ֪

˷ֹ汻а֮Ӱ֮Ҫ֮ʣЩ̾ɱ˹Ū

ǹʱȻһֱа֮Ӱһûдﵽ쾳޷а֮￿ǿܼʱⶣȳôֻб񣬳׵ıһƵܡ

ȻΪܹҲƻʥľУؾĵ׼ģа֮ӰΪǿĴڣнȻʱܹ֮⣬ʱһãյĽἯҪ



ʱڶ  һ޺һųҵĻأž޿¶Ļ㿾ɡַϮȥ

ģ쾳ǿߵĻ  أִһģ˴εĵˣбҡСķԡ

һٿűջĳĽ˾Ѹһڿ˸Բһɿü  Ż֮ƣüĴȥ

һ󣬼˵ŪܽһָǶȳôϷа취Ϊ㻯һָĳ֧ŲסͨһָԱһпĺˡ

˵գ˿һߵ뽹ҲǬνʹСȻа۹ᣬбƻ˴ʥ䣬ڿʼڱǵĵ˶Ūɡ

⻰㶵Ķع

ʱɫЩҲûϵȻıĿ֮£ȫƽǵ    뽫ˮü·üı

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ڴʱ˿̣ôһ֮ǣͣڶԴ˴ʥǺ̬ȡҲǵĳվһҿԷŹǣڱҪһʾһֱ

սڱҵȵĴУ

Ѿ˵ˣҲûΪѶƽʱܴˣʱ£Ҳ֪ü

λʱ̾˿ıأڧѳϵҪͳһڶԴµĽܶһȷʵдΪѣ֮£ǰ½⡣ҵȸмҵȻĳҪǰһģ

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ܵԱһĳǿĹһʱϾ쾳ֵǿڻһū޺һһɸǿǵذϮƽҪһ

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ǣǻķǿһ֮ѸɵһתͷԶӶݶȥ

ɶӣʲ䣡

ķŭһҪ׷ȥެȴսֹ̳ȽĪ׷ԷеɽСʥǰǲ뿪˹Ȱ벽

⻰ͣ£ҲƽȻʥһ˵Ļзֵóء

ʱһŴвʮ·Ūľżһλ漴ǻС濪ϧһˡҪץصֵصǲ

⻰ǹһЦŷ£ļһҪһǻ⻰ľͷĺӣ

ŷ¼꣬ȴҡͷü⽹ͷǸڵСϺҲﶼǲϣ쾹ҲܵˣС

ҲѾָƽ⻰ϹһΣһֻۣմְˣϴε£ǲҲûй

ŷȴʲô¶ȵƷչ֮һž沨ֻܴܶĻᡣЩ£ȰһһĳΪã

Ȼŷָʲôȴ̿һ  գգһ֪ʲô

˵ڧĿԲȷ    ȷʲôĳ˴ʧˡ˵š¼¼סɣҪԸ㣬ҪԿģ

Ļ£ʱɽ棬ǧһ

Щ˵гٶȺܿ죬ҲԵñȽϴæΪ׵ĳλʵ׵ߣиһȻ쾳ǿߣ˿׵Уüͷһ塣

벻ǵˡѾ죬շ˻ҵ죬أѽλ쾳ǿ߲ȿף治ִ˼һۺ󡣿ϴ¼һɵһЦ٩˵

˵֮ʣͬλͬˣſƣûͳ˺ɱֻǴŷʱһŷͶһЦǵɫȻȻϴ֮ףľżһ֮衣ǻ

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ԸȣҪʥٽɭһǧˣʥһСڹִ֮ú֣ȴ˳ѹҪˡ

˼СֻΧɭƽҲûдֵ˼жʱЩŹ֣Ҳһ˲õĸйǣȴһʱ벻ﲻԡ

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컯Ĵſ֮Աسصõյھصĵ֮꣬ǧӭǲ

ڰصеıĿ飬ÿڵ϶һ˵壬ζÿ˶һÿ򵽵Ķȴͬ

³ǳǸƲߵھصое㱡

ʲôûУԵڰصЩһҲûκεʯˣ֮󣬾;ĸһ㣬Ϊĭʧ˷

Ʋ߽ھصĹ¶Ʋߵ󣬶һ̽Ƭصĵھص

ֻƲ߽뵽ھصҲԵдĭһƬɣԼ䣬е΢˸ʲôûУ³Ǻ˰죬ûзκο֮

ⶣУũϹҲǧĿ飬ھصС

˻֮оĻ    СڰߵľһͬóһۣھصܣһҴ΢֮

Ȼ˼֮¡Э֮µʮǿġ

컯еأû˵ʲôܣЩصԴն˶˼ϣֻǶĻֵеᣬڼͶһ뷨

ǾĻȻĳֺƶŮһ

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ЩΪȻصͷʼ˳˼

Ʋ߶һ΢⣬ԼıķŴ󣬽ǵ΢ǮǳһզС˵۹ھصеĻݵʱȻһڷ

֡е΢ۼʱǽηһִֻĻ󣬼ԼǵǺ֮ķλǿյ׻ȸĻôھųĭ

λΪƲҲ΢ǣطԵЩҵ֮һλȥ

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˵ȫȷʱӣȷʵ˯ɱȵķ˯ú

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ȴһ㡣ĳŴ˿ģͶУҪⷨ࣬ĵľֹġ

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ʵ֪һҪ˯ãּƻ˯㡣Ҳδǵĵ

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ֻޱȾ޴һģһķ࣬ԲЩನ𶯣۾šģ˫Բ״üǶһٵǳ    ʥη

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Ǹʱֻһ˵ΪԹԲɣʹӺй֡

ʽһ˳Ϊѭؼһ컯ƣӶȷߣ˾ְһƺ֣ƶȣγһĹϵ

컯׹浤ϵôϵȨʥַ

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ĸãǰ췽࣬ǬԲʽŰ

Ʋǰõݰÿ˸λһ컯ĺ̨֮γһϣҲׯϵķС

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ʱҲ˳ȻԼӾĺƻ֮һ빭  

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ԼӲԼĪǿһ˳Ȼ

ÿ˴ʱرĲǹԵ֮תһһӶ뵽վ  棬۳һɰƴ

۵ԽԽǿʱʱϲްռѾ˿κĳ̶ȣһصԴͷ

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¼¼סɣҪԸ㣬ҪԿģĻ£ʱɽ棬ǧһЩ˵г̶Ⱥܿ죬ҲԵñȽϴæΪĳλʵ׵ߣиһȻ쾳ǿߣ˿׵Уüͷһ塣

벻ǵˡ

λ쾳ǿ߲ȿף治ִ˼һۺ

ϴ¼һɵһЦ٩˵

˵֮ʣͬλͬˣſƣûͳ˺ɱֻǴŷʱһŷͶһЦǵɫȻȻϴ֮ףľżһ֮衣

ǻ½ʱ¼ƺĬǶͬʱͣ꣬ؿ쾳֣ȻʶԭĳҽɭȻˣôΪûԸ

ԸȣҪʥٽɭһǧˣʥһСڹִ֮ú֣ȴ˳ѹҪˡ

˼СֻΧɭƽҲûдֵ˼жʱЩŹ֣Ҳһ˲õĸйǣȴһʱ벻ﲻԡY

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ӸоԼǿԽ˺üʱЩʱľôʵ֮ʱȻֲξʵ

Щ֮µĶһЩʾܹõⳡΣòô򵥵˯ԺȻȻġ

ΪĳЩصӰ죬Ǳʶ뵽Щʱ棬ЩʱѰЩʲô

ҪѰʲôһʱЩ岻һ˼·

ʱ컯Ҳо˲ͬı仯ǴԼķ֮г

ʱȻһоһǿҵԼڷ뵽֮С

뷨֮ԼӽǾͱ޵ĿӷԼĽ£ƲǾ͸Сһһ췽Բʽһɹ֮ת֮󣬱ֱӵ׵µ֮С

ܸӦõ컯ʱѾתתĺĶԴбԴɵı

ֻǿǱͻȻһ뵽ԼǹŻʱξʱ컯ɵʱؼ巽컯֮ȥıǲѹĹãҲάƽǿãԴȪܹҵǣôܱ׵޸

ϸµʱһЩ쾰жЩڵЩԻ󣬵֮ϵĺ֮ӡƺǼĶ

ԼеöָʱͻȻлȻ˹Ǽ֮컯ʥɣֻĿǰ׶ε컯ʥûнռ̬

֮Ҳ֪Щ컯ʥãҪռ̬⻹ҪĳܹӵмᶨͲĺˡ

ʱӵ˼ϣо컯ڿ֮Ĵ֮ڷı仯

ȥͼķλڱƶЩ컯֮ҲڷŲƵǱΪεбԴıһż컯֮Ѹٵطɢλʧ֮С

ɢ֮󣬴ʱϵˣ׷ױһɱĹâУͼʱƲߣͻȻ۾֮һ֮󣬱һǶʥĿ˵컯컯졢ء˵˷ֹ컯컯ʥ컯˵֮֮Զλ

˵ţƲһָӾ;Լ֮üĵǿǳͻȻһ׹䵽ũϺ󣬽һоЩҪ˵

޷˵Ʋ߱һʥ˵ũʥˣ컯ʥ֮˼̳ʥʹ

⻰ӾùŹ֣ⲻԼ˵ôôƲ߾ʹԼ˵ˣѵ컯֮֮ͨ棿

ƲôһָӸо֮һʧʱũϵĹ⻷ͻȻ׹⣬彥ʧ˵ǰ֪ȥ

֪컯Ѿʼ˵λʥʽÿ˶ʮֵ£ľҲʮֵƽ

ƲʱĶûͣʱһƵģӷǳ֮һһλʱһʼۣγһСӤһӰ

һԼĶӵԾһ꣬ӿ΢΢ȣⲻǰô

ͷƺӰƲߣʱƲߵϣҲǴһ˿ȣ漴Ʋб飬￴һۣĳֿ״̬

ƲŻָʥ飬ָСӤƳУ컯֮ӣ˵ˣ컯˵ּ̳֮˵ʹ

һָ䣬üıһâӰ֮ϣͼӰѸٵʧһλ֮С



ֻ˵Ĳ֪ڴʱ˿̵Ĳ֮Уѩźӣڿι̵ʱ򣬴ʱӲĶһϹ⣬ϴƳгʱǰ㣬ǵֱֱ󣬱ҵ˻ڳ̵ƳУѸٵؽ֮С

СƳеһĻʱԵúʹࡣ

ѩⲻ˼鷢ǾһԵЩţᶼõˡ

֮ѩӾţΪСƳзģѵ⺢Ӳһ꣬Ǻ󣬾˿˵

ͬһĻڹȿļˣԼڲһƫ֮п̿İ֣зֻÿ龰̫ͬˡ



컯Уڽš

ʥ֮˵֮֮ʣµ֮Ʋ߲ûλͻȻָһߵ棬УˣǬ֮λ£λλ

һ£γɵӰʱҲʧ˴֮вӰ

ˣǬ֮Ǭλ죬Ǭλλ

˶ûеģǵλҲǵ֣˵ƲѾԤ֪˵Ĵڣֻǿ˵Ӱ˵Уһλоľߣһһ䲢ˣ˺İƺڵе˲û˼ǡ

λˣô˵ǴڵģֻһֱĬĬţעˡ

ǣ˲֪˴ʱ˿̣Զĳԭ֮УֻؿѺѡ

ѺǵһƬ֮Ƭʱһλߺһλȫluo壬ȻǵܵصĴݲк˺Ǵʱʮֵƽ顣

ʱ˶˶˵죬ԽĥѣԽҪһżǿģرĲ䣬Ҫţ⵽һ죬Ȼסǵ壬סǵľ־

ʦΪңҲܴ˿ǣͽΣ뿪ɣͽкһЩ

ҡͷɫ͡

ʱͻȻһƬ֮У䵽ʦͽ˵ϣ˵ϣڹһ˿ĵЦݣͽ컯֮⣬ҵļŬڵõ˻ر

ʦ⵽ô£䵽ϺҸоеĿȫʧڻһڳˢҵľҵΪҪͻƵƣ

Ҫ˵ҲҪ룬رģһ˳Ȼɣ˵ţѸٵر۾ʼ컯⡣

һ컯ʧ֮۾Ҳͬʱ۾ֻǶ˵֮УȴһɲĹʡ

ſ˵죬ѵ컯λҲζſʹȥǾﾲٻɣ

ʦǵȵٻܳȥȲ𣿡

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ʱվһ̧ľѸȼһ棬Ĩ֮ϵʱͱΪҽ󣬱죬߰ɣ

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һֱǬˣƮ٣ƮһˣϴѰҹһΣһֱû䡣

˭˻뵽Ȼᱻڳԭ֮УĿģֻΪ˽һʱ𣬾ͱڴ˵Ķ졣

һ˽뱲ӵˣó˴ȥȻ˵Ĳ֮

ˣƲ컯֮Уͨ컯ģƽʱ޷ݵжڡ

컯󣬷컯֮ˣͨ컯ĸӦƲ߻©ܹӵùָһ㡣

̥⣡

ڴʱ˿̣Ʋ߻Ҫ컯֮е֮ɵλ̡

ĿǰѾа˸컯λ֮еʽڽš

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Щ˵õ컯λ֮һıʧˣЩȽİ֣Ҳõ˷λʱֻʣµ˵ڶ컯֮еˡ

ƲȻڼ컯ʥ֮еʥǷֱǼաĦڡȡ桢ϹС³ǳǣҶտˣģ趨̫ӴЩ˽࣬ʡԣ

˵֮еķλ˻ʵĽܣҲʡԡ



ڣ֪˶ãһ컯֮ʧ֮ϣλʽҲеβ֮վֻʣƲһ˻վ֮ϡ

ģȻӡ

֪ƲһֱķΪǣ컯֮⽵䵽ÿ˵ϣȻзλģԼϣͲˡ

ʱͻȻƲ֮ϵüĴǳ֮⣬컯֮⵽ƲߵϣһʥĿǵƲߣ컯λ֮컯ά졢ء֮򣬳μǬȥ

˵ţ֮һƲ߱ʧ֮ϡ

ʱӵ컯࣬ص˱֮кһԾ

֮ʱʱ֮УâͻȻ䵽ϣֱԴ㿪ʼӡ

ͻȻо嶯ˣֱԴһֱڲͣתţҰһ֮䵽ϣоԼһ޴һ㣬ıԴʼÿϸꡣ

ֱӸоЩܲסǹɺƴıԴ֮ʣ֮£

Ǿ˲䣬ǹûֹͣӵķɲ˵ģѸٵ컯֮С

ʱӵǾ컯࣬ӲӣӸоıԴʼӿ֮ǷǴţ·ûֹһ㡣

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ӾЩ˼Ƿ࿪ʼСʱӸо̺ӵǿƺǱѹһ

һͻȻһŹֵͷһֱȥԼķԼǿ

ӵ뷨ȷʵЩģһ쾳ϵǿһ㶼ǱҪȷǿ󣬶̥ޱǳΪǳǳµǷû뵽ͨ컯

һͨ컯ʹķǿ⾳컯֮ȻҪȱǿ

߷ıԴ֮ЩоԼʱԦ߷Ļ¾鷳ˡ

ֻĿǰ컯ķƺֻӶܽһЩ򵥵ĶҪ߷ѾǲˣΪ߷ȫҪԼǿڶͷˣô󣬽

컯ǱԴСͬʱӳŽԼڣһ£ͷָ޷ںϣԼ˾ϵǵӦϵ֮⣬Լ֧Ӱ졣

֪˽Ҳٳԣкƽһֱȴ컯˴ıԴӶСĿǰһ֮󣬴ʱǾ߷ͻȻ۾

۾˲䣬Ӹоһɺ嫰ǿ־飬ᣬһУԼϲŭֵһһ˳˾η

۾ؿԼ컯࣬ͻȻãǰվŵģԼһ֮⣬ģͲԼӦӵеģȫһİˡ

ϲĸоа飬飬ЩõУɲԼΪǿһУձ⸱ģ

ǣʱͻȻһ˵ֻбӣǿΪһе񣡡

ȴ˵ǸӣôҾͲԼˣǲ鷢ģ㲻Ҫջң

ʹҡҡͷӲ֪ԼΪʲôðͷƺԼǱʶ֮УһԼһǰ컯ࡣ

컯ӣӷԽԼ־Խᶨǿϣһлġ

ЩͷˣѾźӣûкúһЩӣôն֮·

֮еʱӸоһᣬ֮ʧͼԼ컯ʱüĴǳųһâԼԼоЩģͺǴʱһ㣬ʧ֮ϡ



ٴ۾ʱӷΧһƬɡ

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ֻǽǵ֮ӷ֮УʱƲλԱ棬߾ελ֮ϵõ컯λЩˡ

Щ˴ʱԼλϣǵüĴѾǶ˸Źâĵ㣬Ҳ֪ʲôʹ˵ʣı仯

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һӸоԼ岻ϻǱ˳˴Ƭ

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û׼ȷʱ䣬ֵǼ£



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ʥһʸУͺƬһשһ߽һΧĵطҲйĽϡ

Ӻ֪ũǴʱʲôǱٲʥ

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³ǳ컯λüĴֻһâ˸鼮躹ޣʱڴ֮ʱľ֮

ӲΪʥֻ³ǳһʥ컯֮Уֻſڿ³ǳһۣѸ˳

¿ȻܸӦ»һռ䣬û֮ǰǰ棬һ˵һ³һŤĲ󣬱һĿռ

ѾΪϡ٣ܱƣ֮£ƶһ㡣

֪ʵѾƽеһռˣණܿһĿȻ·ܹɽϿյ컯ȫò

ʵܿ컯Ȼ֮оŵģдһռпģ龰

֪Щʥ󣬱컯Ŀռеǹͨʲôķʽصģӷ֣ԼֱܹӴЩռκεӰ졣

´ʥ컯ݱĿռ䣬ϣҲֻһ˶ѣ̽ЩܣǱǧˣΪҵ컯ռĴŵĻᶼûС

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ʱӿŽµƶ컯ʱͻȻһ΢Ĳ֮֮С

ֲ֮ᣬͺһֻӬӶ߷ɹ𶯳Ӳ֮ȴɫ΢䡣

ΪףȻܹһռ䴫뵽ôɽϣһһɼΪǿ֮𶯣ЧǼɽѵĳ氡

뵽źȻʶ컯֮ſ˲䣬˷ֵ컯ˣҲȻ̰֮ǰˣռ컯Ϊֻ컯ͨ´Ƭ컯ռܣҲֻ컯УӵͨЩռĴš

һõռ컯ǽ컯ٵô롣

뵽ѸٵһһŤĲ֮ƶ֮컯Ϸ

ڣص컯ΪλڿУʲô֧ⲻҪ֪ġ

Ϸ֮󣬾ͼǰĹ㳡֮ϣաĦڡˣһʮңԴ컯ڴ䱸

䵽㳡ֱ֮ʼգϣô

տֱӴ治֪ЩԾ漴ɫصصڽзλʱ˾쵽а֮Ӱ˹УڹвõʽͻʵʩƻڹȿڴΧȴֻΧ游ǽ־š

ϣɽȵĲ෽İ˴ͻƣǴ˽Ѿĺ̶

ֻõȫǻܺа֮ӰЩа֮ⶫרǣǴ˲СţǼǷЩа֮Ӱ룡

ˣֻΧӱǰߣһ˼˵ôİˣʵΣǶԴ㹻ӣİλа֮Щ֣и

ҲΣڹȿھֻΧҲԳȣİֻλϣǴɽȲߵһ룬ĸֲ࣬Ƿųа֮Ӱܣȴжʮֻƺֻɧǣǣǣ

ЩˣһĿģ

ӳ˼ţ˵űߵ׿ڵλϣչ΢ۣ֮ɨɽһͼڹȿڴ˴һ滹ֻѹЩ˲Ҳ뿪ֻｩš

Ĳ෽λͼһɽͷĺ棬ĻһĶȥ˾͹һɹʮˡ

а֮ӰⶫܹΣ˷ʤһ⵽ɣƲĻֻԱǱԼɱ

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ֻ΢ЩͬǣӴ˿ķüĴһСǳʱ˸һصĹ󣬸һʡ

컯ĵʮص֮еǾ컯࣬ȴִͬЩɻؿԼ߷ǰɺ֮鿪ʼޱǺ֮г͵ǾǷ컯еǾߣ֮

ѵԼӵ߷һ컯һǷ

ʱһĻ龰üյ˷׷࣬ٶȣչֳʵδҲ̫̬˰ɡ

һ쾳ϵ֣ڵһ׶ķΪʱ䲢ԷʵֻǱһ룬˵ڶףһĻôͿԷӱ߳ɵʵֱףҲ쾳۷ô߷ܷӱųʵܹͻƱһЩƣ˺һôܹﵽ˵е龳磬Ϊص֮Уܲܳû֪

ӴʱķֻǸ˵ĸоʮֵǿҪչʵղ

ʱҲǾȵĹǵ󣬷ֳһ񵽷֮УѸٵƮƶ£ɽȲȥˡ

ı㳡ʱԼյЩĵֻЩˣ¸ʲôӰ죬ҹǿĿġ

ұǷͷɽ˾۾ӵĵط̽һܾõ˵ıӦòֻηλ֮ô򵥣Ϊ컯ˣֻռ컯ô򵥣ǵǷ⣬ô컯ˣȻҲᷢ仯ģ

ôһɫһ䣬ͨƻǵעյĿĻʵʩƻĻôڸ˾ΣˣͷͷжϣǶƽ²źã

˵գ˵˵ͷ֮󣬴ӹеһصĳڷͷȥ

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˵˶Ԥıжǰ˲

ƲѾλļƻǰУ컯֮ſʱ֮һķʱ;ˡ

Ȼ治⣬˵ķӦٶȺжٶȣҲȷʵ졣

һЩڷλʱǴһ˸Ѳ컯ܱߵĻԷ˳˻˿ӽҡ

֮Ǹӽ˷Ȼǲ֪컯ﶼʲôȴ֪λ䣬һׯʥʽǲݱƻģʽ֮УҲ֪淢ʲôԾҪάػ

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Ȼ˼ʹϵôȴһֱÿؼʱʹİеǣ⣬ǲ²⣬֮Ի˵Ŀʶʵǿ󣬹Ǿӵصı

ˣеĳǣƽʱȻҲ̫ڤĬϴ򽻵ȴҲӽԶǱһֵˮĹϵ

ʱڤĬվһʯ̨ϣĶվŵˣ֧Ԯϵǡ

˫֮û֮еǰ㼤ҵĴ򶷣Ҳûлҩζʮԣ˫ƽȻͳ˵ԤϵǣǾԼһƧĵط̸̸

ڤĬǵһٶʹڤĬһͬǰڤʮֵĲ⡣

ΪİĳϣڤҲ֪ǵһЩϸ˺İ˵ҲһЩشĹΪŮˣڳƽʱ˽ƵĶˣںܾǰйһĸ龭еĳֻ֪λ˱ģǾͲˡ

ڤĬԵúܳĬվʯ̨ϣɽеķ羰ֻ˵˼䲻̫صĻ˵޺

ЩȴǱŭɫҪٸǸˣӪֻͬͬǵˣԼ˽̸Ӧζʲô

ҲףڤĬΪʲôҲ

ɫһڤĬһۣʱΣɲκѡ񣬶ұȣ˼㣡

ұھΣб˵Ĳɻһӣͷֻһ𣬾㵱ʱѣӹΪβȥҲҽһУٶÿһ飬֪ǶԣǴҲ֪Լʲô

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Ҷ𣬾ΪİΪɱˣΪţΪƾһ仰Ҿܻصͷ𣿡

ܣֻҪ㱾ģͿñϿ㲢㣡ؿڤĬ˵

ڤĬȴҡͷɽϵǶƣٶ꣬аҲãҲգһںôô

ҡͷںҲϣմȾ޹Ѫ

һжˣڤĬĬ˵ţƲ߿

ֻ˼ȻͣסûлͷֻǵбҪԶɱҰɣҵȻҲգ



ڤĬǵ̸ƽճƺ˫֮䲢û̸ҪĴ

Ƕڤ˵ڤĬ̸ʱ쾳ֲڳڵƽΪ

Ĳɱߣʵ͵ģҲʦʥΪȻĳ֮ϣЩ˶Ҳֻڻ޵ĽɫټжĶʮֻа֮Ӱڤǲƻ컯пɵġ

ȻǴҪĿģҲֻڷλʱ뾡һа취ƻ컯һѣ˵ǳЩҪλЩĸ֮쾳ϵϹˣҲһܹһ򾡡

ڤ񣬾ǿڤڤĬλȥ񣬵ȴ޷ˣܳɹôͿɾʹˡ

ʧˣҲѣΪֻҪ겻ڤȻа취һַģҲİ֮еЩ֮ҲӲڧڡ

ʱλ֮սڤⷽռϷ壬֮ǰа֮ӰѾúüλʥϵĸԱǵؾģҲˣܹսٴòˡ

ڤʱǰĿ꣬ҪɱģһǼʹ̳ߣôȥҲڤ빦ˡ

Դ˿̣ڤĹƸӵңǿ⾳֮ƶƴ֮ɵĲ˺ʹɽʯϹ䣬ʯмɣ

Ȼֻǵؾ׵ĸ֣ӵֿϢ츳ݱΪһص⾳ʱҲӦڤĹƶ·塣

ǣڤƴ֮ʣЩ˵а֮ӰʱƹɧŵӦ֮󣬲òԸа֮Ӱ˲ǳа֮ﳹ

һҪа֮Ӱ͵Ϯʹڤ֮ĴҲʼƣټڤһЩԵñȽϳˡ

龰Ҳ֮ǰӳ֮΢֮ġ

ʱڤƺǸоڤĬǵ̸¶һ˿ݵЦݡ

飬ɫһ֪ԷҪıˣиܱЩεа֮Ӱ͵Ϯ

ʱڤһֵƣһֿڵһ֮󣬶ʱֻа֮ӰǼԾõҰޣϢ˹

оаϢֻзӦ

һڤץס˻ᣬа֮Ӱ͵Ϯ֮ʱѾ֮ǡ˴һѹ׵ľбɡ

ʱͼһѪɫĹ⻪ڤųΧϢҲһŨҵѪȣЩѪϢܿ۳һ׶Ĺһ㣬һޱȵڤͷŵȭȶݷѹϡV

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Ըֻа֮Ӱ͵Ϯûϵڤþ͵ϮʱڤͼѾˡ

ǹǿѹʱֻȫ⾳Կ֮ǵǿơ

һ֮Իᱻڤ֮Ϊ֮ǣҲضġ

ڤ֪İ֮Ǽλϵܣÿɱ֮ʱ᲻뵽ЩܹЩΪãΪԼ̲֮صɱУôн˷ʤ

ڤɱУɱ˵ʱɵģ˼ȵѪϢʮа

ϣѾ϶ÿԽǿľ

䣡

һ֮䷢ײǿ*ɽһ㣬ʱڸһ

ʱȫΪֿڤɱ֮ʱԼƺԹһ㣬һɹɭ̵ĸоʹҪ֪꣬ڤɱееڡ

̰ҪһɺǿʴԣƺרҪľһ쵽ʽĿ֮󣬲ò;һԿɸʴ

һصֿڤɸʴ鷳ʱڤ׵ϵǲ¶һ˿ıó֮ĹЦɣ

䣬ڤʱһɸǿѾͳݺݵϡ

֮󣬸ֵסɿϮ֮󣬿Ѫ߰ķݣײһɽʯ֮ϣɽʯʱмɣˤʯ档



ʱʯкȻһֻƣһ֮£ķΧʯмͼɫ԰׵ش˳ҪվųӣͿһѪڵϡ

ڤ͵ϮһȻ˼صˣҲֻǿ֧ŰˣΪ˿˺ʹڤ˿ӵ컯

ˣȻϣڤһ˴ʱʿ񣬹ƸǿѸ͡

һҪϾϹ

ۼڤһЦȥЩ鼱֮£мֱа֮Ӱ͵Ϯɹа֮£ƴˣͬھʹսӵĲҡ

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ɱ̫ϧľ־ǿ󣬶ǸüֵԹҵĿܰɣ

Цţڤʱһӣһֻа֮Ӱǵõĳһ㣬ͼһεĲѸٵε

ۼһֻа֮ӰҪʹɶԷĿܣʱˣԸа֮ûа취Աķʽ֮𣬱۾õǶ壬ɱӦþͿԳаĶ

ֻǣ۾֮ȻоƺһɼȱϢо䣬еÿһϸڴ룬Ǳа֮֮ĸоô

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۾֮ûӵı䣬ʱѾǹɼ׵ı䣬۾ɵôĿԼ֮ϸǵǲɫ档

֮棡

һϵ֮ģϣȥĦԼ֮⣬ֻһܹɱ䵽˼ȵ֮档

֮棬Ǭ棬ΪԵĻ棬ﲻ٣ǡа֮ӰакͿǡ

ʱԼ㸲ǵֻ֮弫ȱ֮⣬ûбվѪϢĸоγһֱ

ǰֻ߲ĵطͼа֮ӰһɫȼյĻֲֿĹֽУа֮Ӱһɢš

֮棬ĦԼⲻܵģͱɱ˵ģ

ڤһɫ֮д𾪣벻š

ںò״׼а֮ӰʹĿܣ֮ʣͺȻɫϣɻһ㣬ڷа֮Ӱ󣬱ֱȥӵȼа֮Ӱ

Ȼа֮Ӱܴľû˴ԺˣǴʱ˿̣ڤǿ𺶵ģǱĻ棬ԼܾǰͱɱλΨһӵ֮ĦԼ

ΪĦԼ֣Ϊֲ֮棬İ־ʣ֮µĸ־Ͳ˵ˣǱ֮ȥΪˣȴǲʹİʧأ֮£Զ֣һλϽǿֺɱĦԼ

ڣ侹ٴγ֮棬˲ĦԼĻôȻļ̳ߣֽİĦԼ֮һجΡ

˭ʲôʹ֮棬ҹ

ڤʱп־壬ԽеɱŭҲڵĸӾңһǿеҪɱӵ֮˵ͷ²ƴۡ

ʱڤȻһ̧ͷԼͷϵȥͿһӰش֮·Ǵһ֮еһ·ʥأֻ㱣ҪĤݵĳ嶯

ͷһ֮ڤʹͷų⣬ٴζ￴ȥ

ֻһ֮£ڤ⡣

ͼǴ֮Ӱʵü֮Ƕһعǳĸ߸ϣһеľ־Լ··΢С.

һ˵ʱˣֻһ߷һλ쾳һ׸߱ķ

֮ǿ󣬸Ͳͨ쾳ķ߱ģֻ쾳Ρķܷӱųɵʵ󣬲Ż߱ǿķ

Ӳʮ꣬˵ᣬᵽĽʣǺ޵ץĵز

쾳쾳

쾳ǿߣڤץغĲ컯׽Ūˡ

Ҫ֪ų֮⣬棬쾳ϵǿߣֻôܹùʮλûе繷һĵز

ǰˣܼ֮Уڤʵ

һٶʱ䣬ڵؾ֮пǻȴȻʱ쾳ܲʵץѾǸܶԸ˵ˣǱָһа֮Ӱʵʩ͵Ϯ

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Ƭ̼䣬һĹֽ𣬲ϵлصšV

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סѪǹɸʴûʹƶ񻯣ʱȥðӺҶʩȣпĻġ

תͼڤһֵӸоó֮У˼ʣ˲ʣһɱ֮ζ

ӼڤµЩɱ벶֮ƴ֮Укü˱а֮Ӱʱ򣬶ѡͬھһ䣬ɱ磬ܹôЩа֮ӰͲЩκε˺

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ֻǣ˾ò˼ǣЩɫСƺǱһ㣬ǱͷųÿСĴεʱ򣬶ޱ׼ȷҵЩӴڵа֮Ӱܹ֮ȼȼյøͺа֮ӰСɳĲƷһ

ڤһĻǼЩɫСĴ׷а֮ӰЩа֮Ӱ޶˲ͱȼոɾüͷ壬ƤҲֱڴǼʵ֮лظ֪ǰλ쾳֣Ƕֻ֣еȵڤĬϵǶ֣лһս

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Щվа֮ӰСа֮ӰʱһӣеСͷ׷ַ˻»ص۳һŸĻ磬ȼĸӵʢ

ɽȵǿӸϵ֮׾ٵؾͽΧЩǺðĴ鷳ˣʱûа֮Ӱһ߻ҲٷķЩа֮ʱʿ񣬶ʱʹóϵľ棬ת

Ҫ֪Щ˴඼Ǵ˴֮еǴŸ˵زλģЩˣǸ֮жǱȽϳ͵˲ţѡǰλ䣬ҲģЩܹԼŬȡġ

ȻǵԺûʸ컯һ棬ۿλọ̈̄ʥʽ֮չֺǾ֪Ǵв飬컯ǰͻȻҪŬά

֣ػ컯Ҳ岻ݴǣȻЩ˲ұа֮Ӱ͵ϮӶֵõģмֵġ

ҲóЩֱԸͬطͬɱˣڴʱ˿̣Ǿһභĥ֮󣬱ÿǰŽᣬӶҲܱһǿЩ֮жɱֹǰ

˵ЩʦʥˣȻЩԸﵽ쾳𾳽ӣô˵Щޣ׾٣ȻǲȥԤЩ˵ģֻսŻἤǵǱʹǵһ㡣

Խа֮ӰŽĿŵڤϡ

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Ȼֻһ߷ʱоһϢѹƽǺƴǿ⾳֮Уֻ΢СһӣǸܲǿ־ʱЩ֧ţӽ

ȻĿ꣬Ȼǲȥʲô뷨Щȡʹ˵ľƻܵаַˣûʲôøУȻɱ֮졣

ڤоؿǲ֮森ǻÿһΣľ͸žҵ

δй˿־飬ƽʱѵһϡƽ飬ʹ٣ֻҪԼͨһطʹ꾫ǲɢôȥ֮а취һ

ڴʱ˿̣ĵ֮棬ڤ֮еĿ־屻ŴҲڲ

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ֻκεĻ¶ܹȼգ˵ȼĻȼ˵~Ϣȼ˵ľѪҺ

˵˵ȽὫ˵ľǺ꣬ȼճһſž״Ķ

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Ϊİզش֮ǰֵһᡣ

ٴγ֮棬ӵ֮ˣᣬʮ쾳ǿߣⲻò˸оֲ

ڤʱڿ־֮УҲ취ӳȥش飬Ϊ£㹻κһλϵӣεʧܣȻҲ𣬵Ҳӹһ١

Ȼڤʱ뷨ܺúǿ󣬵ҲֻѣǲߵĻģӵֵӣǲڵ˵ϵģϵģֻһ֡

쾳һֻ֣еؾ׵ڤȻ֪ǵвģ֮غ蹵Խ

ڴʱڤͻȻָڤĬץ˾һ㣬еڤĬϣң

֮ʣһӣʱŻ۳ɵСӵһ㣬ٶǿƵڤ

ڤп־֮£ȻٶѾܿˣǻٶȸ죬һղתŻС֮ϣѸ٣ڣһ½·ȼ

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ȻǶϵѪǰСȣʱȼչ󣬾ֻʣˮһʣѪε֮ˮȶʱɷĩ

ӿڤԲеķʽԼȣΪ˰֮棬¶һ˿΢ɲЦ⡣

ڤУصЦݣĶǣɲٶһȻ߸첲

Բһ֣ΪȡһЩʱ䣬ʱڤĬϸ˹Զһȵ龰ȻҲ֮Ҳɫ䣬ʧʧǧ֮õ֮棡

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һ̣ڤ漴һȻûüӦ߲֮ʣֻƺһϸĶǶÿǰǿʥ壬ʹеؾʹ͸อꡣ

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ڤĬ彩ͣĿⶨڤһɹеĲֲֿ֮龰

ֻǻô赭дһָһλӵеؾΪ𳹵ɥʧ˷ʹĶûУǰ

һĻǼ𺶡

һָ֮һĻ֮ЧһʲôֻܽΪ컯һָ

컯һָȶ

ڤͫڼ֮֮ѸٿʼɢʧȥһֻСȣʧȥƽ⵹µ˲䣬һֻƿˤһ˲ѳƬ

һָҪ̺һ֮ȼľ꣬ҲԶʧȥκҪĻᡣ

֮Ŀֲ֮ҲİڳһֱͷԶ֮ȥʣٴԵĵǳһλϣΪ˸˳صĴۡ

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ǳľߵһ˴еηƣ˿־壬ֻһСĴܸУκη־ͷ·Լס

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ֵ̧˲䣬ǵӰͻȻӵǰԼ嵲סӵֻ֣Ȼ֮ǰһָĨɱڤһĻҲǿеġ

ӷ֣ȻǣʵϵǻֹΪ֮ǰڤĬ˽½̸΢֮ۿģȻ̸֪ЩʲôӾãڤĬ֮䣬ȻһЩ֪ܡ

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ûֻ֣ǵȻתڤĬ˵ڤĬͷɣ㻹лᣡ

⻰ڤĬ۾ɨһΧڤ£Ѿ˴ʣ¼Ȼڸ翹ǲû߻ͶĴ㣬һ׳ҵķʽ˶İҳϡ

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תǣڤĬȻڵ֪Ҳͽͣǻʹ죬a͵׳һ㣬㶯ְɣ

ǳʣߵ־ȻҲŬһ⽫Ƿϣųı֣

ڤĬ̧ͷȴЦһȾѪˣų֮˵˵ҵû壬ʼȻҲգ˴Ϊ飬һȥ֮ģҲͬĽУҵĲܵýѣ

ʱȴЩʧأΪһܽѣûңˣһŻʲô壬Һγܹõѣҳȣһֱȥ㣬Ҳûа취ȥ㣬˽ͷγܹһõĽ֣ĸТûκǣҵȥһʱ⣡

һ˵ʲôڤĬһֱƽϣ˿ڴһ˿Īı飬۾ǣ촽ڲš

ʱ֮УֻΪ˵ĸͣڲţǻþȴּõȷϣΪͷ꣬һѰңȴʼûĴ𰸣Ҫ𰸣µõ𰸺ȻһҲ

ǿڤĬ֪ʧˣǻѾ˵زˣȻаٰǼ£ǲϣڤĬǰìܵ˼㡣

ʱվһ߾̸ӣȴǴ˫֮ĻﵱУҵһЩˡ

˿ܱߣİѾȫûʣµһߵǣڤĬ

ӿһ֮󣬱Щ˵λֵܣˣȻȥϢˣ飬ɣ**,

Щ˴඼ЩˣҲһЩ棬ӵĻǻǺŷģҲ֪Щ˽鲻õǵ洦Ǳ׷׵ͷȭһ󣬾ͽЩ˵˲뿪

˶֮ӿڤĬ˵ˣЩ˵˺ãȻĸӹϵΪζԸʵ



ڤĬͻȻӵĻҲЩеԴҳʹδϹĸףҴʱ𣬾Ͳ֪Լ˭ĸ˭ҲɹʸڷϣҲû£ֱȵǴΣ֮һ飬ҵʱȷһҵĸף֪ʵҲˣʱֻ֪ˣһŵȫΪ

ٶһγֺҲ֪һú壬ȴմҴɱ޹ѪֱǲԸϣΪһĳ裬Ҳź

˵ţڤĬתǣ˵ǣǶôܹһܹĸӹϵҶôϣһܹһĸףҲӦһҲϣȻϸң˭ܸңΪʲô⾿˭Ĵ

Щв꣬ǽصôҲ±˶ʲôϾǸˣʦ֣ȴ֪ʲôԭ򣬸һ˺ӣȻһ˵ڵĳ裬ֻĵס

ᣬʼҪ⿪ѹǵĵףձĻǺصġ

룬˵ǣǰ飬׷Ҳû壬Ȼ㲻Ը棬ΪλҪܲĴǴڵʱֻѣʵѾǰ㲻ϣĺӣ㲻ϣѵڸʵô˵ȻǸ˶Ŀôˣ˵ʱЩµļˣ䣬˭ȥôңԶʱһ󣿡

˵ţӼ棬ɫ쳣ңʱİеݵλ㷽Ϊһ£ô˿Ҫ˵Ŀֺα飬ֻ˵УȻ޷ĸ壬ͷ㲻Ϊ֣ѵⲻҲǷӰ㣿

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ڤĬԸͷİĹϵôǵĹϵȻҪһ棬ڤĬһ

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ӵһ֪֮ӶѾܿˣôڤĬǱɵġ

ô˵ϾһĸӹϵһֱѹĵףⲢû롣

ҧŴ콫ҧˣѪ˿ǿڤĬջڵͷɣΪεĸ׾һТҪΪŰ˺𣬽ĸΪ

㣬Ըˣ

ڤĬʱҲݺᣬŴʵģһĻʱ𣬾ľͷϰĳۺ󣬵ˣԽǿңֻδһ졣

Ϊһ죬ϰ꣡

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ڤĬʱ̲ס˰ٶ۵Уʱǧ︺أضعǵǰ

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ĵͷǸ촽ſг˷ҪгǸƺĸף

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˵ţڤĬصؿ˸ͷ˵ʵҺ֪Լĸ˭ͬϳңȴһֱٿҵֻǰҵΪİҵĹߣδҸҲֻһԹңӦҵģǸߣҴδĿҸܵģֻᣬ飬ԼѪ֪ҸףҲΥ־Ϊκ£֪ҲΪһ죬θӸ飡

˵꣬ڤĬؿͷ϶ѪӡȻ˵Ըףϲң׸ģֻҳϣΪĹˣǶĸףȴʲôûĸҪʲôڣݴۣȴҪѸ׻ã˵һزͷĸܹħһĶӣҴźˣʲô

ڤĬʱӣˣһ£Բ˱ΣڤĬмһݣ˵ţڤĬָӿ˸ͷ

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ڤĬǣ˵ĸףΪ㾡ТˡТԸΪĸһ£ΪЩɱ޹ֻϣĸܺúûȥڣԻͷˣ

ҪʲôҪ

ʶʲôͻȻһҪֹڤĬͷ̧ʱɫǼΪ԰ףһɺѪȻڤĬѾ˾綾

ڤĬʱֹǣԹ˵ĸףڿԻͷˣĸײҪѹúܸˣҲܹѣûκźˣϣƽͨˣˣ

˵գڤĬȥǵĽ֮󣬾ͱƣҲûϢ

ǵ£ʱı飬ȴһַµοˣ֪ڤĬõĽ֡

ʱҲ֪˵ʲôԵؿǡ

ͻȻתӣ˵ҪΪȫҰɣ

һȴһ﷽ʽôΪҲһõꣿ

Ҳһţҡͷ

¾ͲˣʲôΪʲôҪҳȫ㣿

Ҫʬ壬ȥǵֻлϨİеŲڤΪŲڤ𣬲帴յָƣ

򲻿ɣ̫ðˣӶȻҡͷ

ȴ£Ҳ*ִȥҪȥģֻϨеһŲڤҲİʵ½帴ȪѪӵĽ̼ӶΪȡʱ䣬ҪģǾҷеͬԿǼյΪ壬һƽ٣

Щؿǣô֪ôࣿ

оʱһȪѪӵĽڤڣҲұѪӵ˾ǣʱһֵķΪ˻ǸʱȴҲʧҲӶ֪Щܡ

ҪЩӡ壬ͱùŻʱѪ뾫ΪѪеѪڰʴ֮һͨƻѹķӡٴξİõĺôõ֮

ĿǰĹѪϢϢأͷųϢòڤһֱȼգҲܹȼȡĲ֮粻ڤϨôǵʵҲ½Ҳǰ֮ǼλڣףҴʬȥĿˣڤĬҲģ

Ӳص˵ڤĬʬȥһ취ʹҲΪǲϵеһԱʱֻٵǲڤ𣿡

ǵͷǰ֮У֪ĿǰӦλϣʵΪǿ󣬵λҲޱȵĳߣжӦûɳһλϳģˣ㶨ҪСĲǣ

ȴ£㻹ǲҪ³ç£֮ɣ

̬ȺܼᶨȴУ֪£һٴǰڤĬʬģ֮潫֮գưոݵģԼĿŪ´ңһһʲôйɱ飬ʧĻ޹õôģЩ壬䱻ȡ㲻һֱϲµ𣿡

ȻѾֻгȫ㣬ԼҲҪģ뻢Ѩ֮£վ̫ðգӼѾ֪ȰҲûˣҲֻôӦǵ

ǵõ׿ϣɫ΢΢һЩڤĬļܺظȪѪӵ嶼йηλȻǲû㾡ȫƻֻ̽˵Ƕ£ӳ̶ȲǺܸߣȻбҪǸ߶ӣһбأˣ

˵ţǱڤĬʬ壬תһۣ˵ͷ󣬱һԾûɽ䣬Ӱ

ǽȥӰ֪һҲ׼ԼķʽлĻ

 һܺ

λĹɽܱ߸ҲвͬĹš

ӸϵһĻȻ˱ˣĳЩȴҪá

ڤĬʬ壬ʬ廻һνİһĻᣬӶŻѰƻǲڤĻᡣ

ڤĬǻͷӣͷ֮·ʬ̵ġµǼܺ˿ӵУǧ

뿪ĵһʱ䣬˼ܺϸؽĶһ飬Ȼ潲ݶܼ򵥣һЩѶİģĳЩм¶ѶϢ֪ͨһЩϢĽϣôܺе˼Ҳͺˡ

ȻӲ֪⼸ҪܺΪʲô䵽ڤĬУṩЩϣʮ־мֵġ

һֱضǿĴڣ֮еǿǣԼĳЩռ磬ǶԣҲбס

ǣֵܹõ컯ˣӶøǿóĻὫ

׶˾ǣԼ򿪿ռ磬ҪӦǵΪʵҪһ̨ףǵҲҪӦ

֮ܺᵽǿߣ֮е壬̹׽̣еһԱһǱѰ嶪ʧŲģĿͬİⷽûнǢϵ

ļզˣҲΪֶ컯ˣ֮󣬱ֱӵڣεİͨһЩôӶЩĺӶҲǵӪ

֮ܺУҪἰںһЩİĵߺòҪڤĬල˴ε̸УȴЩףΪڤĬͻȻɽ

ڵһЩǲɺϣ˰ŵģЩӲǣֽſ˵ڶܺ

ܺݣ͸һΣἰһУɲŮˣܺɲŮᵽݣֻأȻûġ

Ȼֻм򵥵һ仰ӴҲѲ²⣬ɲŮһɫİǲӣұܵĳ̶Ҳ൱ߣֻᵽһֺ֣Ĳδἰ

жʱɲŮΪעĶ

򿪵ܺ󣬿ᵽһܹ²⵽ݣӵɫʱ

ܺ棬ȻἰԴ֮ˣȻֻֻƬӶӡȴǼΪ̡

Ϊ컯֮ǳ˯ʱξ棬컯ʱ򣬾йֱ֣ӹغ컯е컯ҪĹͬʱҲѹȪѪ֮еЩҪӡڡ

֮ܺᵽôͱȻ˴컯ַ֮λйء

İһǷһЩӶΪɽηλ¼ΪҪ¼Ϊӣʱı˼ƻɽֻʵʩ𹥣ĿģҪ컯γ֮ǰҵԴ֮

ܺ˼֮󣬱ִһܺ

ֻǿ֮ܺȴ¶һ˿Ц

ⷽıСˣ֮ܺἰİĺжʱʼиƣȫΥ찵֮һЩЭ顣

ⷽˣԭĹУпԼеߣܺᵽܽԭָԼӪڲٷӰԱʵʩϴڰУκεĻᡣ

Ҫ±豣ܣ֪κεӶɵͷֻҪЩƵءǧɽЩԭźͷϣȷ˴μƻ˳ʵʩ

֮ܺӽеܺȫ룬һȥһ˼ɲŮĴڣĿǰûκεɲ飬飬ҲҪճ̣ҪʱԼȥѰҺЩİֵһЩг󣬵ǿЩȥ׵˫֮以ôǽ飬ɺðöˣ

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Щ}}ĴƮ֮ʣȻһӵ˼

ͣͷͼԼȻûлص컯Īܵ˶ȱϪ

ϪطҲǶмΪصһڣ컯δǰȫȻ󸲸ǣ滹жޣ

컯֮ϪܱߵĵҲı仯ЩΣȫ˰ʹλþ˳

էһϪ羰ȷʵʮֵһнԳڴȻĹ񹤿ľ¡

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ŵ¼ʮ˫۾ź棬ǾȵĿԼһǱҶһ㣬

ŪѾŮģȻʮֽۿɰϳɣĺױһɡа¶СŮ

ʦ壬ô

ʱŪ˹һ󣬱ʡ

ɨһۣмˣĴҲһЩϸ΢ƻĺۼüͷҲ򶷣

Ū´ʦ壬ܼ֮ڷλʱȷʵҲе̽ǵʵǿĻʽûнӽһˣǷ֮󣬼ʵ΢ǱЩЩЩ˶Ѿʦģ

ӵЩʲôˣϪڵλãⶾȵشûĵƻõͻƣôǱ뵽ˣ

Ūµʦ壬ҲЩ˶ʲôˣδ¶ʮֵܣȻʵǿϺĬϹʦжϣЩ˼пŵˣΪǵ·ǵ֧µһֶЩƣ

ᵽϹУڷλ֣ʥʥ֮һתλ¨⣬̬ЩȻأ뷢Ǻɫ̬ߣ㳯ͷϹǰţǵڶδܷ񽲽

ϹеͷǺɫĺ룬ɣŽ֮ȻŴδйκ֮£ǱȽ˽ģϷ㽲ɣ

PSþû½ںϻˣ̲ס˵䡣Ҳ֪жܿݣ²졣

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һֵŹ棬û֪Ϊʲôֻ˲ʸΪŵҲʹǿţҲֹһصķΣ

ǴηΣǵϹӢĳ֣Ϊ;ǵ֮ˣ֮Ҳϵְ೤һƾΪŵһֳڵļԣǱ˷Σ

ŵ֣Ҫɣһ־ǳᣬҲ֮е߲㣬ڶڣЩǷֲΧϹһ֣Աֲ¸أҪ¸صŷ֧Щŷֶŵĵ֡

ŲķΣ֮ڲֹһϵеĶҲ˱ܺݡ

ʱ˵õŵȻֻһֻʮ꣬껹ϯǵĵҲʹηìܳױ󣬶Ӽҡ

ʱϹӢƣ֮еļλϼԼѣԭµţڣֻһ֮

ڽ֮֮еŽᣬҹ

ϵʮֵܣŷչļ죬ʱƵ֮УҲ½вٵͶЧڣʹڶ̶ʮʱڷչ׳һȡţΪšڲݵ֮һ

ֻǺһ£ϹӢʦ챻ɱϹӢҲ˳Ҳķѵľ棬źԭŵЩٴ˳ⲿϣ̲ڣڼΣ

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ʱҲһڵĳԱһ䲻֪٣һЩ»صԭţһȥ

ֻЩ֮ȴܵżλϲڣٴڣԼɽɣţҲ졢ءĴˡ

Ϲн֮Ҳûӽŵıһתֻص˸ղŵ˵˴ǱϪڵˣϷ֮Իڷ֧µˣΪǵսʽŵսʮƣȻʵǿǿŽĬϣһµĸ֧УǵĳԱһС飬ʵǿЩģһ飬ҳԷסжһ𣬴û䵥󣡡

ֲãŪţ˵ͷǵɱ˶Էһˣͷֻļ˲־û˥ߣ־ʢҲӵķ񣬾һǵ˵ˣҲ˶ԭŵˣ

˵Ūоʣѵ˴ΣһֱţҲ컯ᣬĻǿɾ͸鷳ˣ

ʱԱһֱĬӢȴŪ»֪ɣѾǸΪ²ƵˣڵаħǱΪ飬ɵļǻĹЩ黹δڣͶ˵ŻΪСɣʣµģҲֻЩаħצˣţʵѾʵˣֻڱţһЩеĹˣ

ЩӴʱһ˵ţǲԭ

ӢϹͬʱͷŵ̳طȷʵһأһȻγɵǻ֮ͨʮܼȻǾ֮󣬵һҲ°빦ҲǸطδɹ

ΪûгɹӺ

ϹеΪһλΪѴ֮λҲǾŵĳǿߣԳǵۣڰռǴȻͨ龳ԾŵˣҲ˿ĵһţȻûٸҴ⣡

Ŷ£üͷȴһ£Լǰ֮ʱޱǳ־ǵĵطȻҪǾʱ;쵽һֵȻʧλǺƴǾ׻Ǿ֮ʧһ㣬ҲӰʲôû⡣

ǣ˴Ϲ˵ţԼ*,~ִνǵ۵飬жʱ

ͺñԼĹϹ͵ԼϸƻԼȴδһʱһãϸƻȻͻ١

֪ȡ֮֮ߵ֮֮ҲֻǾţһëˣȫԺԲƣǶ˶ԣһëҲһʼΪıˡ

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ԵˣǱڵĵˣӴûйʴȺʹ󷽿ԣοǼ©ͳεƬ֮µ޵ǾԲܵġ

ԣģ·ϣηλ˽֮רʱ䴦ȡ顣

ϪѾˣҪģ뵽˱ȽϴһЩǱŪᵽ£Ƿֳһȥ

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һ֮£֪ĶŮѩСӣȻˣ뵽Щ˸Լ꣬ҽ˰ȦǼˣӲһЦóʱ䲻Щˣеǵ᳽ʱǸġ

飬Ӳɵ뵽Щѣ´ңҲ֪ЩʲôлᶨҪȥһ¡

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عͷȥ컯ûжƲǻûг컯ռ䵱ȥմҴҸ˻ʹͷ

ϣ˴æϻǲǷʲô飿

Ӵߵǰ󣬼ɫ֪·ˣǱʵ

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ճɫ߿ص˵ڷλڼ䣬ɽؼɽѩȵЩ˾۾֮أͬʱ⵽İ볤ϮڸĳϣΪˣλλˣڸ˼ʱʧأ¹ش󣬻Ҫһʱøλ֪У

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һӣжʱһ޶СһµĻˡ

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ӴϢ˻ڻ͹˵ӣ˷ˣ˵ʵǿ쾳֣ڰҶϿлһʱ޷ͻƽ³⣬ԾʹӲֱ֮Ϣ

⻰һŽģԷһЩֵжٵˣηֲģ

ֻһˣǴˮײų﷢ֲģӵ

ֻһˣӵжʱɱ֣ڲܣ˻֪ܴηֲģ󻼣س֮й¶ҵļ˽ް֮Ҳ޷£

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֪ޣ˶ܣλܣ˴ͬʱϮˣǲôһλµ￴羰ģһֿܡ

ʱһտڲ۾΢



ӵı۾΢յʱ򣬴ʱķѾ˶ȵĹȿͼ˼ĵȻڽţ˫֮ǳĴ򶷣ȴһֱûз

ͻȻӴ£䵽Щصӣλˣ

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˸ź˭ǲ̫һ߻ȴǲһܵͼ֮ӰȴҾƣ֮ʱа֮ӰԱǻһشǻ˴˵أ֪٣ֱ¹ʣҲû׷ӣǲʲô鷢ˣ

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ĽӵϷƲ⣬ӦþǸʹ壬ٰ

Ȼӵõȷ֮ʱ̧ͷӭ˶泯Ͷһִ𾪷ǳĿ⿴Ľɭ

ȻɭȻӴ壬ʵԾһ쾳ֲǷ

߷ߵǹǿϢһЩֹǿ־ýɭɫʮأвͣ룬ðСӣ쾳ʵҷǿϷôδ֪Щ鱨ϣѵϢ̫ˣ

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ڽɭü˼֮ʣȻ˵תͿףһ𾪣һֲŵıӡ

ôϵСӣɭ˵ı飬ǳʵ

յ׸СעǸֻǵǵʵǲûзԺûôעٺʱҲСӵĻױʻģǵʱԭ֪ô˵

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ףһͽؿŽɭ廰׸˵ӽҵ֮谭ǻֶΣԼʵǳɳɵĳ̶ˣ֮Ի񣬾ҪʱԼвӴӣǴĹСӵϣͺϸֻǲСӵĳɳȻ˱̬Ѵ쾳ĳɾͣ׸ǲǡ

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ף죬һתתŽ֪ʲô

ֻǽɭʱڸ˵ӣȴ飬ӵ⾳˰ƴ󣬶ȻλʹҪѰҵشܽϢʹ㱨ٲҪֵüǧǹϷһٲ񣬴˴˺ôϷشϢǵôȻ޷ʹЩôȡ

ȻˣϷҲν֮ˣ

뵽ɭʱҵǰҲǱ֮Ժǰһ̽ûλΪе˼ҵлܲ󷽵ʢ֮ңλ˽ҵ֮⣬ҵҲǣ

˵ţɭһӵߣ

׸ǡе㲻λ׸˼ҪѰʣɭҡͷҲҶʡ

ţ

ڽɭҪ뿪֮ʱʱȴһȣǼӴޱߵ֮ƣʱɽӿżмԶŵನ

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ӿŽɭҲǵΪĿģһ£ȫûȻûжҾǣȥ֪ͨޣʶʵô³ŵ³ҪҰٱȻҲҵһҸ棡

⻰ɭüͷϺƽ֮УȴǱ*ӵĻﰵĻ棬ֶܱϺ꣬ô֮

𰵵Ȼ֪밵֮һЩЭ飬ֻӰˣӵĻȴѾȫûȴȫˣôȻǲĲɣȻҪ֮жǵġ

ǴӱĲᣬƫƫţǡֱָţΪ֪ɭ֮伫ΪܵĹϵô֪ܲ⻰ҪŶ˰

С˵⻰Ǻ⣬Ҫ밵֮ĹϵôղûŵĻ

ףȴСδҲ̫ЩΪƾһ仰붯ҡ밵֮ĺ밵ֹвɣ

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ɭʱ磬ף룬תһ䣬ַ쾳ֵѹʹףɫһ䣬κٶ졣

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ɭϸĦһǻ֮

ʱ̧ͷؿһۣЩԻģܹǰӣǽҲкĻᣬǣ

˵գɭʹ뿪ֻ뿪ʱٶȣЩЩ˵ĸоǱӵһ

ߺ󣬼˸룬˼Žɭ˵Ļ

ȴ̲סƿڴЩ޳ıСˣͼҲȿԼǸʲô

⻰ȴͻȻһЦɭĻЩôģԺ˵øһʱĻأ

ӽӵҲԣǵʱֻһ̬ǺģĿԴɣ

ӣԺҪﱰɵļһǰЩô㣿

תĵҪܹңţµ컯ˣȻƿȴŻͨ͸ĹϵȻҲ˵ⷬģ

ӵͷǵģյĵˣЩǷ޳ҲʹȻˣҽǻкܴüֵģȻǰһЩԹһЩ´ǰֵЩϣǵͬġ

Ϊˣޡ飬Ҫ棬ֻܷ̬ǺˣһֱȻƣ

˵գһתۣͻȻ˺棬İףüͷЩʲôˣô

Ŀվ˾ںشӣƺЩһղ˵ĻȫˣɫһʲôǵĻòҪĴ˵Ը

ڵˣʱ̧ۿλһۣ˵ĻͬЧȻԥʶʵĻôҲֻһ̬ˣⲻǴ󻰣ǵʱȻף

⻰侲˼״̬ԴӷǽɭĶԻ֮󣬽ؾͶһȫµʶ

Ϊڵ̫ϳϣЩڧ֮ȻЩ鵱ܹһĿǰƣôȻҲܿڵ״Ļ͸ŵȻ²͸Ǹɭİʾܹ׵ġ

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ЩΪӾԲʵǿ⣬ǣҲܼڽҪԿģֻڡ

ֻǣߵǷԣȴЩС죬ֹƾʲô˵ĻΪ˭ߣ

飬£ֹѵ⣬ʵǿ˵ⷬȻܹ컯˴ʥķλȻͶ죬ӦܴЩʲôˣ

ӣ۲ӣޱӣҸһңԶɸʵʣһ٣ǳϣڧôң˭ǵĵѽ

⻰Ȼǹ˵ġ

֮ȴҲûһת˹ȣ֮УȴȻڧ޷ƽϢǾ׵ķѡ

˵⻰֮ȴѾûӰ

Ȼڧ޷ƽϢ

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Ѿ˲ȥѰ˭ֵȸˣ˹һɳװβǹɱǵϢ˳

ƳǹϢŸоβһʹֻתһǽָԼԶһЩŮҧҧٴȥץǽָĴָۣõֲǡ

Ŭֿ֮Ҫõָʱ򣬴ʱǹɹĲһεϮһҴ⣬ָ



ֻһ죬ŮϵǣǹɲûϮ׼ȷػöָ֮ϡ

ǽָ֮󣬾Ǳȥӵٱ򣬳һȥ

һΣŮҪõǽָѾǲˣΪǽָһǲĳѾɵûӰˡ

ۼֵĽָˣʱλŮдޣβǻʹйȴڵķŭͷѸӿ

ʱתѲĴѰ½֮⣬ûзڸǸӦϢҲ޷쵽

˭ΪʲôҪǵĶ

ʱ˹֮ѰһӭλŮӣΪŮӲûΣ}}ǶԾӨǣټһߵǹɻĻϢѰ¶˲Ծ

λŮʱָѾ׵ּɵǸڰĸ֣ɨŮһۺ󣬲üͷû˵йϢֻһǸһۣһȥ

ԷߣҲû׷תͼԶһϤӰٸһƮơ

Ӱ֮϶ʱһ˿Цݣӭȥֱ˵ĻСصľͷôҪ絽һǸɶļһץסһ²ǣһǼϸ

ˣȻӡ

Ѱ±ȽһЩ֮۲֮Ҳ飬ӭ˹ֻǷӵһöָŻȻղ͵ϮŮӵ㣿

ӻصʱʱ޲㣬֪Ѱǰغ󣬶ԸýˣԾ˹

û뵽ŵ΢֮۲̽ͷ׽̲֪٣ȴиŮָھ뼯ԶŮۿҪõָǱ֣˻ָǣǸŮж֮ٽ컯һҲʱϵ˳ȡ컯䡣

ֻϵʱŮȻֱˡ

ףӣô˵ô䣿

ӵĸ첲о˵̧ϸһɶʱɴ۾ԭķ

ɵţأ

ʱһ٩תͼһӴԶնһͰѰ˻Цôڸܵҵ˰ɣ

ѰȻΪ˸ǲߣȻͷһ

ӵı𣬿Ǹӣ˹ֻȥָˣӵķģɽеľͷſңҲˣ

Ѱ¿׽ŪȴǺӣΪʲôķܹôãҸ˵Ĳһҿ񲢲Ӱ죬Ϊʲô

ӵҲ̫ʲôϸоһ²ŷ֣ʵ۳߷ΪǱޱǺ֮м޾άֻ֣һЩˣҵıһЩ飬޷ͬɵģҲмĺôǾ°빦

 ߾ Ϯ𰡢

ʱҲˣӵĻͬС

ǵͷͻ쾳Ժ󣬽ҪģǷֻзǿͻĳЩ޷ͻƵƺ˺һ֮󣬱ܹ飬һصľ֮У

Ѱϸӵ߷ӣķܷ㼸ɵΪҿڵķͺǿ󣡡

ӵΪԵؾ׿ʼӴز֮ǳһֱ뵽ǳ֮мḶ̌ұҪʵѾͣһֱҵıǺ֮С

ͻ쾳ʱķҲȻرһѣҵټʼ̬ĺ֮飬һЩԭʼıܣôڵļĴνɱںҵ־˼룬ڱ۳ԵڲͬҲ쾳ǿߣְ겻

ʵϣҵһ߷۳ģٻģΪһƴڣֻұ־غϰˣ

˵Ӳɵþ뵽컯У߷һģһǾ컯෨ˣԸ㲻컯࣬ôγɵģΪʲôǿ󣬵ȴ֧䣬ֻԼ֮ϵһЩ΢ӳ

ЩøоЩ˼

˵߷ϸ˵Ҳ־غϣԴƣ֮飬ķһǻһ߷

쾳֮󣬵˵޷ظǿ֮ʱʱ쾳ǣĲַ

۷ʵϾǽЩ޷صȫע뾫֮Уʹ⾫ǲӶܹĳǸǿ

һ쾳۶ɵķΪȫǸĸ壬ɱڿƣʵҲֻǴӱ֮гֻܷһɡ

ֻ쾳ڲĹУʹܹظ࣬ǿʹܹӸǿʵһɾǾ۳ɵķܳصȫԽߵıܴ֮һЩ޷ͻƵƣӶͻ쾳ǵǿĹؿҲ飬һص֮С

ʱջ˽ָ׽ҲѾˣﻹŻȥСޱͳжأģڲӡǽºӲϡ

ӣȻѾˣǻȻȥǲųأûмأ

뵽ҪƳ͵ũ飬ǵͷţҲãҴЩӣͰѳж͵ר̵̽жǱߣȥ˵˵᲻úô뿪ߣ

ǻʲôѽҵСһǰһҪ׿ڽҴ˵ţȲȥ

Ѱ¸ں棬ز;ʱѰһֱм²²죬ǱתӣŮģʵȽһҪǿ֣ӦǲŴģγ⸽²ʲô£ܣһ֣鷳ˣ

ӵģ֪ڵһϵϵܣشݣҲǳı߾ﲢ֣ȥ컯ʱ򣬾򸽽һֻѲߵľӣ̵ע⣬Ը컯䣡

Ȼǽǵ˳ͱҪСģһ֣ⷢ鷳ģ

룬ȻˣȥԺһ밲£Ųţ˵ĽɽȽϰȫһЩ

˵գӼѾҪʧˣһѰµ֣նУһһ㣬Ѹٽɽķȥ

ӴѰ뿪֮һγǸɫŮӵӰ

ͬǣǸŮѾһɫȹģߣʱһλȽӢӣһ£ִһȣһ˸о̤ɽˮʿ

Ψܹ볣˲ͬǣҲܼʲôͷϵǶԾӨȻ¶棬ָһӢ

֮ǰŮǴ򶷵طĸ֮ӺеȣɨΧ龰ŵϮ𰣬µϢǿ˵ǸҾȻ첻˿ɼˣ

ϮλŮҡͷ֮дС~,ζץסӵĸ첲ҡѽҡصʦ֣ұöָ͸ңǵĶģǱǸһˣһҪģͰ

гüͷ΢壬һתȻϮֳ֣ſȣ֮еľ£˵Ϯ𰣬Ǵ˴ûʱ棬Ҫʱ̣вɵģ˴ŮӣпģҲ֪ǻ˼ʲôԺв֮ͻϾǵĿ꣬һµģ

ߣ½Ҫ۵ģ˭ΪƶģƽҲŲţҹˣӦǺǰģ

˵ţϮ˿ɻصֻҾ֣˿˵ĸоͬһˣķȻǾŲʦ˵ܾǰʧŲ飬᲻ϣ

ʲôͻȻת˵֮ǰɱĸ̰ĵ

ǰʦ֣ôˣ

һ⻰ɫ㲻ǣϾҲ֮ˣʦҲ̫ˣ֪£ɱǱ֪ǻô룿

Ϯѵ⣬ʱί۾죬С죬Եó

һһʦãԺǲҪʱв£ʦҲԿ

Ҿ֪ʦǹҵģ⻰ϮʱüЦ

㿴ʦãȴҡͷֻóſӣκ

˰أڸѲߵʿǾһˣʱɫηǰλʹ£Ѳ߾С£ͷλʹ

ϮȤƣټͿЩϰķӣǺȵģٹܣøʲôʲôȥʡûǵ飡

Ǿټƨ˸æһͷ߿ˡ

һֱüͷȻŵһĻۣȴûֹҲٽѵʦãֻΧεг˼

Ϯʱȴ쳹ɫĴķ羰ֻǵʦ֣˵Щ˵ôģֱӴȥһݵ֮أȡ˲һ뾸ˣǸĵϣĹԣΪʲôЩȴˣֻôôһƬСطƹ

ⲻǸҪһ֮ذˣǸѰҿʵһ֮أ

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컯ķλԺӲûȥ

Ըİ飬Ʋߺ͸λ֣бҪæҲû˼Ԥ

⼸죬Ӿһֱڲ֮У޶СһˣϾʱԶ׻ƾֵ˹ġ

׻ƾЩķչȷʵӵϡ

⼸չ׻ƾֵϺٹʣʱѩ£ΪҵʱὫ׻ƾһЩ鱨һע

ԶЩϣѩעġ

ӿ飬ϲȫ֣Щ׻ƾֵķչѾȫ̿أ϶Ѿ׻ƾֵķ֧뱱߾һҲ׻ƾֳԱӰ

֯׳ԭĸַչͻʮֵӷףڹԭӪӪܹǣ֮󣬽׻ƾֵ֣¹滮

ⲿֵݣӿʮϸû©˿

ԭЩ׽׻ƾָӪԭеĻϣÿӪһ׵ϵĸ־ֺһܾ֡

ĸ־֣ԭߴӪԱµ齨־֣Ϸ־֡־ֺͶϷ־֣һ׻ܾ֡

У׻ܾ֣ΪԭߴӪܹΪԱͳ׻ƾֵתԭӪܹܵĸ֣ҲǸܹܣ֮Ǳ䵽־֮Уķ־ֵܣָܾ

־֮Уֵ鱨ӪɱӪӪӪӪҵӪ䱸ӪȸϵıƣÿӪܣԷ־ܹܸӪƣơ

һ׻ƾָŵְܣٴξµĸַ֮󣬹ͲҲɣȻҲܻЭ

ʱӾÿ־ֵķչϣʮϸһ֮󣬻ǴпһЩ׶ˡ

׻ƾֵĸ־֣ЩעطչԱӴһֱһŵ鱨ڷչģȴ©׻ᵼ³Աˮƽβ룬һϸĿ׳ļϸԵףʱһãЩһﵽ߻߸߲ĸλϣһ

ӣ׻ƾչ𣿡

ʱһˮ˽ӿЩʱüͷƺ̫⣬ǳѰʡ

̧ͷһ˽жأ

㱧ȥˣºԺ裬Ƕ׽׽˵ţԹؿӣģôСҪߣôá

̧ͷȴѵ㲻ýжԿ֮Ȼֻһ꣬˵Ϊ͵ȥѧϰǼ£ˣĸ׺ͼЩɩų̫簮ĳɳǵĶӿδ˻ʣغ˵ˣԼ˵ҪضԴ

ЩҲ˵ʲôЩ׵ġ

ˮŵǰһϣЩչʱģעԺʱ俴Ҳûзȥ𣿡

ӵķ־ֵ 齨滮Ǻܺãڸ־ֵĸѾ鼰򣬵Ŀǰȴѩ׳ʽķչˣͷֹͣˣ׻ƾûв뵽֮һЩ׶ֲһǽصŵͱ¶ˣҪĲǳԱҪǰŽᣬҳϣҵ˼

ͷ־֮ӪķչҲרע鱨ϵͳⷽ棬Էģ鱨ϵͳĳԱһֱѭȱõּÿһԱǾϸĿ֮󣬲ѡγģλҪְͻ˵ΣЩ˵ҳ⣬ÿǣ

˵գһۣЩ鱨ϵͳ֮У͵˲ų־ӶģǸˣ㽫ǵ˽ȳ˰ǼѾγ

ϵͳЩ˲ţǱһŸж£ʮֵŬҲġ

֪־ָӪеĸԱҲͬˣڸ־齨ʱλܹ˽ţЩ˷ɢÿ֮УԴ֯Էչ

ţҲã

ӵͷһϿ˿ķ־ֵص㻹鱨ռҵӪϣ䱸ҪǿȻӪгʵһЩĳϣʦʥϵʵӪУҲ˾֮ͨϼ롣

ȥɱӪⷽҪ֮⣬䱸Ӫʵ߼ʦĳ̶ȣЩƫͣȡﵽƽˮƽϣһרŵ˵䱸Ӫнھս֪ʶҴ䱸Ӫ˳ȥӾԺÿھܹУξξϵľְ

⻰ЩԾӣҪ䱸ӪĳԱӾ

ӵͷ԰䱸ӪҲһ½ѵأ׻ƾֽҲΪ˵ս񣬶ҳжԺҪ̳˻ʣҴ㽫׻ƾִһ֮ٽжУҲԺͳ£ά˵ƽĻ

˼ǣڵĹȻͿ浣ҪɫϾиǰƵĻӣ׻ƾֲûȫУǳж˵֮£ǲ֪飬Ժóж̳˻֮λ׻ƾ֧֣ҿЩ˲

⻰ȴҡҡͷЦˣĹ齨Ȼǰ̫ɽټǰƾɳҶģֻһҽλˡ

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ȻЩ飬׵˲֪飬֮սɽԴҪ˾Ļڼϣնԣ䵽˳жϣˣ

ȻˣǻбҪþеܹ֪һ£Ǿ׻ƾֽĹ£˵˵˺ͳж˻ʵ£ҲҪǣֻ֪жԺ󽫼̳׻ƾ־ˣ飬ȻҲΪжǣ

ְְ֣֣

˵䣬ʱһ۵תͼСޱź棬̽һž¿ɰС

Сޱڲѧ·ܰĴܣӼƤĿɰӣ֣СޱһϲײײС˹

Ůˤţӭ˹ȥſɰС˿ڵޱˣأ

䣬ʱͼѩæ˽űŮ˿⺢ӲŻ·ôղְѳжˣŶû뵽ˣ

ֻСޱ˵ְ֣͵͵ȥ˯ȥȥҪ桭

⻰뵽ԻԲѵɯɫ΢΢һ

 һ ǰϦ

ɯڲҵ̨֮ϣѾܳʱˡ

Ȼвĵ֮ԼǾĸ˵ɯŮ䵱еһ䣬Ӧòʲô⣬˳ɹǶôˣȴһ㷴ӦûС

ÿ죬һȥ̽һ¡

ɯϢĿǰƽȣҲһֱãɾǲ֪ʲôԭһֱ޷ѹѰºͰÿ̽飬Ҳԭ򣬵Ҳ

£ûͷÿһ𣬾Щ

ֻСޱͻȻҪȥɯЩ⡣

ѩͲ֪ǰźӺȥɯΪϴʱСޱڳʱѩߺ˵СޱԺ󣬾͵ˣܲʱ뵽Ҫȥ

ѩɫ̫ãӹӣ˺󣬽СӵĿתƵȥͱ뿪

ѩߺҲûٿЩ鱨ϣжٴ죬ͳ˲



Ӳųֱ֮Եľɽ

վɽۣɽµľ£ԶЩľһеķݣⲻɾ

˼꣬ķôˣһΣȥĴһ£һưɽӣµ侰

ȥһ˶ȣ컯ö컯佻ƲߣҲûֱɽ

ɽһ棬ݣһ֮أѾǲƵһˣԭݶѳΪϣݶǳ

ϼԼһĵطĹˣôشһҲûĹһȥƵһ˿ҵ

׻ƾ鱨֪۹Ѿռ˱ڼϵıݴ󲿷ԭƵѾ뾸Ĺ

Ͽ۹ıԴӱɽһټмϴ֧Ӧ۹ʼûпݳǵĴš

֮£ӣǽ̹ԶһƬѩͼкɽ赲ǵı棬Ӧþܹ۹һˡ

ˣĹԣȻǴľأогڷ籩ģʮϾ

ɽ֮󣬵ԭɱӪؿ˿ĽԺ˱־ֵɱӪأ˼ﵣҪְģЩѵɱִ̿ǣѾס

ȻʶЩˣûһ˲ʶģԺЩѵÿһ⣬漴͸æģȻ򣬼

ҲΪģҪΪƱġ

ȻĿǰľﵽ쾳նУȥ̼ǸȽɵˣϲƱĴߵָоƱСһɳĻ飬˺ĸ飬

غ󣬻صܹܾԴȥ˺󷽡

صĺ棬һȽϿĳأΧɭ֣һ߾ɽҲһ˾ס

ϲȻǾסĶӲŵһλ峤ϾʹҴһλɽȥˣЩ⡣

ܿ죬ӱ֪˴𰸡

峤ϵʢ֮£һ򣬾һ˻Ѿ⣬ŶӻҪŶ롣

ȻƱ

ӳ֮Ʊʹʹĸ첲ģԵʮֵ˷ܡ

ԭԴϴ뿪һֱչƱʹƥѩܽ˸ɽһֱĳʲô⣬Ծտ˴ӵ̳Ͼ˼ɽдϢ

ԴӳΪԺƱϵëɫʼɫΪһֵ࣬㼴һɾӨĽɫ⻪ڣһɻƳϢ֮䣬˶ܹоһιʹҲһۺ֮ơ

ʱ̳

ӽӹƱװϺҲûд̳Ϻܹܸ֮ӱ㷭Ʊһ˻֮һݣ֮ʧɭ֮С



ڵƱ˲ƵãѾݱΪһֱˡ

ƱɽʱƱǽֱ췢ӵ˼£ɽûκζܹ赲סƱĲڴټ˲ƵӦãǶ᫲ƽɽ·ߵľ͸ƽһ㣬ٶ˿

ɽ֮ҲûȥطĴ㣬Ϊ׻ƾֽе鱨ռԺЩص˻Ҫʮ

߷֣ʱҲս֮ʮּࡣ

ԭʢĻۣټ⼸ûг֣ʹ̣ҲٲգڵİܹάסҲûзģӶʳȱҵ

ֻǲƷ֮󣬸ȴһֱܱ֮࣬ΪӣڰռʮҲǿȥξˡ

ɽ֮ڳݵؽݺһͿվڴڣĶԼǰȥξĺǸȻ龰

ӿóЩǱʿʱǿԣЩȻԸҲûֵĳ̶ȣеİյϣΡ

Щʿ뿪֮Ӿʱ򣬻Щۣ˵ԼҵĺϢˣ󽫾ܶʤ̣ǿĴ󹦳Ǵǰ;ϣġ

ÿǻʹΪϣأ㽣϶ԼҺӳϢ飬ƺδ뵽սĲпһ档

ӴЩ棬ҲóӶЩյ˼빤ȷʵλڸΪ˼ǿС飬Ǳһ˿ڱ֮ϷܶСЩվ㲻ԸȥξҲûа취ξл·

ȻĻлУά̫ƽİǣǲûиܵпսֻ֪Լļ类ĹռȥˣǳһİգΪǹҺ;ӵ£漰ͷϣ԰Ź

ЩӾʱȴ룬ЩղûʶսĲпԣҲûзֻѵ⵹һĺ󣬵Ҳмı׶ˡ

ʮЩ֮ԸоսһǸָ̲ʱ򣬲ʧģʧҲûнйЧֿ̱֮󣬿̸ϣͽ˳ȥԲûģսҲû漰ա

һ棬ǵǻвûһ֧ӣԭʵۿе־λ֮ҲϷһգټܿճΪܺ󣬱飬볤̿ƣƽɽȻܿͰһգϷֵֻʣһء

ǣ֪Ƶ߾Ժ󣬸Ҳչʵ¸֣Եľ档

ʱģսҲ֮ЩܵģҲֻһı֮ǰˡ

 ˶ ˽

ͣСӣܼ飡

·ϳ˼ʱͻȻһĺȺӺ洫ȥӵ˼

̧ͷ󣬾ͼѾߵһؿڣʱһλʽףؿһţβ״־һʿľվڹؿƲصӡ

ǰһκµ

λٿüͷֱ־ɲɨӣʲôˣʲôģǱ߹֮أ붼Ҫ̲飡

˵ʱܴһɷ֪һλϱֻǵֻǸģԭݵһǣȴ˱߹֮أҪϣǳĹ߶⣬ֵܷĹˣҲǴ񣿡

⻰ô˵ûƲͬ⣬һǷȰ㣬òҪͷգûô

ȻԸ⵽Ĺ⣬ǻӭ֮һһϵеŻߣѡ˳ô̲󣬾Ϳ뿪ˣȻĹҵ޹磬ûݣȻҪϸץģ

⻰ȴһ죬ԴҲ˼ֺøУϱû´ԭǳԱµİɣ

ΣֵλٲˣɲؿӣСӣô֪ҳµģ

΢΢һЦΪԭƵľӵУͿµıҵӪⷽʶᣬûоЩyinǲ˵ⷬģҴԴ˵̬ϣҲҪؿٱҪúܶ࣬׸ºӡ󣬴ӶĹҲº̵ӡһζֻܻ¸һﲻϾʹץʣ磬ڱҲģ

⻰λر߾иǳɲ϶϶򵥡

Դӷӵʱ򣬾͸оЩͬѰ۴ӸǸͨˣҲûƽʱ˵ȴһԼĳ˵ܸһŷĸо϶Ѱ֮ˣ᲻λ߹Ӳģ

뵽λ˵λС磬ǻл˵ҪȥĹûǼһȻ뾳ͱҵȲˣ

ʱλߵһλСóһӺͱʣӺ󣬾һֱʾǼǡ

ӽӹӺͱʣɨλСҲʮ꣬Ǳ˵һ·ϣյĴ֮ģֻЩٵ꣬ͶСԸģǱǿģǼͽģ

ӲǼǣλСЩ֪λشֻÿλ١

ǳЩӿ϶򵥣Ǳ͵ĹĿǰ֮Уٰռʮµ飬ǿٰ飬⺢ǼˣԲ𷹣Ǽ͵Ԥ۵ģҲ˰Ŀѵϸ󣬲ŷ䵽ģ

λ˵䣬Ѿڲ֮ϵǼǺˣλС

СӹӺ濴һۣȴǵɴ۾漴ɫЩӽеΪӣ㡭Ǿ񡭡ҵǰ˼ģǼлӾλأ

ɶǾ񣿡

λСľ£漴뵽ʲôٴεʱ۾˳Щ״εصҡ֪˭ˣڱС飬ð֮ˡ

һֹ֣λ٣ֻǵ㲻شСֻ֣Ĵʱ𴦶飬˽һ¶ѣȴߵؿһβӦǸУξ٣ʲô֣

СУݶǱµԴӱضԺ潫ͰСУɵ˵ﻹһλξˣһˣҪҪȥͨ

ˣرְ֮ҪҲæµֻڸ㿴˽һ㲻Ҫţղĺܺã

СУڣˣ

ʱԶһʻݶߵСͼѾӭ˹ȥҲǣ˵˼Ļ֮ݶͷС

Ǻʹɽڣʯߵͨʱӿһߵľʯвú󣬵һؿڴȻл

ͨӭ̶Ӳ߶һ̶ۣӿŻҪȥĵطģǳܿʵװصĻ̳ӣŵݣӦǾơ

ͷ˺ݶʶ֮󣬻˸кݶм֮󣬾ͷǳ

ۺ󣬾תͷ׼һ·۲죬ջݡ

ֻ˰ԺܸоЩԾϸ룬ûﲻԣǴɻֻعͷ˿Ǹ̶ӡ

Ǹ̶˿Ҳû⣬ʵǿһ߼ʦϰصĻݶ˼ʱҲȷʵǾƣǵڵ£ֻܿĳ񡭡

ȵȣ

뵽ٿ̶ӵĳ ڷһЩЩĵܺյĻװһЩĻͺѱˡ

뵽жʱɣ·߼һСָʯӣһʯӱǻĵ֮ϡ



ʯ䵽ǵ֮ӺȻһ죬ǽ춯ǵĻǲܷ

ǵƷװڳҲû˻⣬һܡǾصǱ

ڷǳʱڣԱȱڶǼ󣬶һݺͿݣǱսĳأЩдȥԾ˽ˡ

뵽ˣӵתͷֻص˹ؿݶղЩˣʲôˣ

ݶתЩǵ̶ˮģȥݽƣСУڴֵʱ;룬ÿв죬Ҳûʲô⣬ʱһãҲˣ

ǵĻǲÿζģʵ

ݶⶼԼĻÿЩ

ȥǵĻټһµһǸ˽ģӵ

ʲô˽

ݶ⻰ʱһŰɵؿӣµǼȥס˵͵͵ֵƳԣ˳˻ǵĳֱȫץ

ǣ

Ǽ֮Ǳ˹ȥǶ

ݶվڹؿţͼһǱ߾ͳˣ漴Ǽʿ˵ʾ

ݶʾ֮ڱɫһ˹ȥҲ˹ȥ

Ҫ̶ӸǰʱǱȴѾˣݶһԼ±ˣðɣȥȿһˣȻȵ˭ڸҷɱۣ

  ʦѧ

һȣסЩˣЩ˼¶ͷ׷׹ģ˵ǱָʹǼдġ

ݶǻ뷴 ֱӹȥȻʿ׷״еĻ

һĵƿ֮ӾͼȻʢŸֱĻս

Щ壬ݶûðɣ޺ĸģļһÿôǣǾȻ˽壬µıָ߼ʵģ˭ǵģ·һ

£ǲ֪鰡ҲǱȵģ˿ǵļˣЩҪÿεݽƵʱ򣬽ǰȽϵһƧĵطһʱװأȻ󵽸ϳǷžƣǰ˽ĿֻЩֻͨû뵽ǾȻǴ壡

㣬ʲôϵģÿνϵʲôط



ݶԥſǱܵĻ˹ֱӹȥһȥԺŶ˵˵һǣ

Щ˿ѪܵͷǱ㽻ÿμдʱȫ̡

ӴЩ˵Ľ󣬶ʱʣЩ˵ÿζھݳһ޼ׯɽʱͽͣ£Ȼرܣһ㹦ټݳǣ˵޼ׯΪɡ

޼ׯĻӻǱȽ޼ҵˣûˣ޼ҵġ

ʱݶµЩ˶ץʣ򽫾ϱ£˽޼ׯҲץ



ʱЩֹݶ˵£ֻҪϼϸ㱨ˣЩץ˵Ľ飬ˣԻȥģغԼְǣٹˣ

ݶЩˣҲˣ

ӵǼȻҪЮģҲԭץԺ֪ͨǼ˻ǮˣǼвȱǵǮ

˵գӾ뿪ˡ

Щ⻰֮󣬸ɴ⣬׷׵ֻҪǵļǣӽԺǾĹˣҲĹĹԶٻسˣ

ݶЩȻ˼ۼѾԶ૵һ仰⣬˸мˣȻǽƵľྸҲɵǸǼ׿Խ֮ˣ



˹ؿ֮󣬼С

ѾĹĵؽ磬֮ӵҲ̫ƽֵֻǣÿһӣῴ˴źӳԶţϡ

֮£Ҳԭϣݽĸ￤

˳֮ӸһһֱеĶϽߣ쵽ٸĸˣһת֮һլԺſڣͷΪ˴źӶŶӣ֪Ҫʲô

ǣߵһٵĵطһλˣϲôҪʲô

λ˵ϺⱲӻͷһؿֳ棬Ҳ˼ʮۣСһİɣɲ֪ۣȥ꿪Ժ󣬹ټݳпһʦѧã⿪յӣǶֺ£ûбʦѧͷֻ˲һٸˡ

ǽ꣬ҸڵСӽȥѧֻһ꣬Ȼ߼ʿʵˣڴӾԺֱӵ˹ʮ˵Сӳǰ˾ûؼ̽ףɰھǸĽģͷǵ⣬ǰ촵˵ͣܵ󽫾˵СͻСһɽһ꣬һ깦˾żʿʵʶֶ࣬ѾϴӳˣǿȵýԽ۰Ͱ͵ȵʱԺ󣬾ȫԼҺӵˣôң˭ԼҺıǰ̣ܹҫۣ

ЩȤϲʦѧüȻǹټҰģ֪ѧĶļҵĹ򣿡

Ϻ˵ϺʱҲһ䣬ҲǿʿЩ֪ģϺ֪ټѧĹ򣬱ϵĶУбҹ׳ģ⻹һЩȽϸһЩģֻʺã죬ŬڷܵѧͽʸѧѧϰʵôȣҪΪúѧЩȥģҪ֪ǰЩҵĹѧأóƽӵѧǼĺ°Ϻ˵˼ʮѽ

֮󣬳Ǳ˿ͼ︺ǼǣǵԱ߻վżλףӢ䰺ĸ߼ʦ鿴Щ״Լʵȵȡ

ڱԱߣվżʿǸǰһӣÿһ׸ӱ֮󣬶ͶŴʮǮҵıѣеĽʮǮıѵģԱ߷ЩܻǮĶ

ձѣôʱѧ󣬻ղѧѣӿǱߣʵ

λүʵʮǮıѣҲ࣬ҽʦѧԺЩѾЩӵһµѣѧҲᲹһ֣ÿҺһ꽻ѧѺѣǽ˰Ҫ٣ѧóԵĺãסҲãһԺѡϣܼ죬飬Ҳǰ;ôõ£ȻԸ⣬ҶԼٳ꣬Ҳܱˣ

һ⻰жʱôˣֵϲѧóЩˣ𣿡

ɲЩӳҲʮˣ̫ңı·ѣξĻһ˻иϣ̫ƽԺ󣬻лᵱ٣ôõ£ȻϣĹͳһ£Ĺ˭ҺӵҪȥᱻЦģ

˽Щ龭֮ҲûλϲģǱ˿֮󣬾ͳ˳ǡ

·ϣһֱ룬ȷʵһõĺð취

Ұ䲼ʵʩֹǿٰ飬ĿǰĹҪ䣬ǲǿ飬Ȼ·ϿȻԱȷʵսٺ󣬰պײֻЧӦһѣַġ

ĹͨʦѧõķȽЩ˽ѧѧ䣬ṩһչƽ̨ͻᣬģ¼죬ͨģȽҵȥԺҲõ˿䣬ֱӰ飬ҰǻĸԸ

뱻Ĳͬ

ðմĺôڣԺȫսԺ󣬰Ƕ׼ú飬ǶǳԸԵʱһЩǵִŽγһɱЩǿٰ飬ðմڱ״̬ĹҪǿ

һĺôǣȽЩսѧǰǹ֪ʶǳΪԤۣʽԺ󣬾ʡ£һɾΪ٣ʱһʤ̭ӵʵһ̨ܴס

  

ݵݣг̣ҵʱ䣬նУƱȫٶУҲǼʱ¡

ϲƱڸһһЩԼ仯΢֮۹۲һɢЩͨ˸˵ˡ

ڳƹطܹҵ˵ˣԳΪʢһЩۺϱûĹʢ

ĹƬϣ˵ˣһɳ̣ĹأܱߵһЩط

˳ʢĵطĴУһЩ

˵ʢĵطİȽϰ̫ƽûߡűŰûǿ˲ⱣûѪɱ¾սҲоӵĵطһģദ

ͨЩɣ֮ܽ󣬲ҡͷЦôԵ£ʵ˭ȴˡ

˵˵ʵҲ°̫ƽдա



Ʊƺ˵˼һֱУʮ飬Ҳûзκε춯ˣƺҲ֪Ҫȥ

ڲ֪䣬΢֮ͻȻǰǹŨܵĵطȴм׹ڲͬ

ףﾹȻʥ֣߳

ӷĲ֮ͬ۾΢գٴ֮ʱһǹĨ󣬾ͼԶ֮⣬һģϴĳС

УһϤĸо֪ݳˡ

ǰЩӴѩصݳʱ˥龰ͬݳǳΪĹĶ֮󣬲˵ܼʢұǰӵķ

ڳеܱߣһЩ͵ĴҲ֣Χֵ꣬ѿ̣չֲ

ǰĹٵڳС·Χ¿ѳӼСϺߣǱ㳯ֱͨݳǵĲԶһĴȥͼаգˣҲоʿ

Ӻ֪ǳгֵİ׹ʥʲôˣҲûĴεƱ˹ٵ΢΢ӿٶȣֱжȥ



ͨż飬˳֮󣬷еϢʮŨݳȷʵȡ

µսûʽ֮ǰƸ̣ǸЩҷչϢĻᣬΪǿʵ׼

գȻҲܵݵ̫ƽ֡

Ǻڽֵϣһֱʥ׹ڵķλȥһṦһصǰ

ӿİ׹⣬Ǵ֮ɢģǽ⣬ȴƶλ΢΢ԶһЩ

ѾˣӾȽȥݻһ£ſڣӵԺš

֨ѽ

Ŵ֮ӾͼŵһλʮҵŮҲˣź󣬴ӣİˣգ۾ʣ˭

ӵݻһҵˣСܲһ£

Ŷһ£ȥ֪ͨ壡

һռҵΪλа׹ųǱſԵһ

Ƭ̣ͼλСһ˳ȥ

ǣԺ֮ƱƱɵԼȥʹƥƺ˾ţ͵һ¾͹ƱǰǣƱᷢǺŻվҲҿƱ˿Ʊȴ˾η

һĻС￴ֱ۾ʮ־档

ʱӻû߼ʱб߳һλسɽ룬һǫʵ΢Цžӭ˳

ˣӳȵʱͼҲϤǼյĴӣҲǼԶ뼧ĸףм죬ȻֻʥʵһֱûͻƵؾȴŻ֪ʶԨڼнڼˡ

ӣôŻ⵹Щ⣬Ƚݣ

߹֮Ϲǫ͵Цݣ˵žӽݡ

ӵ˵ͷ죬ûие⣬Žݡ

вõıȽ£Ҳʵһ ݱһɵζСλ˲󣬾;վһߺ

Ҳ֮󣬱㿴΢Цǰ˵˼еӵǰȴûи˭Դ˴νԺ󣬿ʥϢ֣Ծݻһ£벻㣡

ţȴЦڼУʵѧʶȻǵ˲ãҲǼһ֮أԾǰˣͬһѧϰģԶڹأǺǣ

Զ£Ҳ֪ͷղڳл֣֪߳ʶ˭ǻĵˣǿɵСˣ

⻰ɫһҵĹ֮ûǰ㿴þ׼˵ˣҵҲûо쵽ֻߣʵҲǵؾ֮ϣðȻͼıĻλӦò֮ģ

ӵͷ⻰Ҳе

Էλ֮Щ˷λ컯ˣҲְ𣬱ظԼط˵ǿ߸Ԥ˴˵˵ķҪʱƲãΪ컯š

ּǱȽȷģǾҪ컯ȡĿ֮еʥλִ컯Ƶ׼򣬴ӶʹĻȻִָƽ⡣

Ȼ컯֮ʱ⣬µˣϾ컯ûǵȨҪһʱɡ

Σ컯ָ֧˻ͳһ£̵УȨҲȻȻ컯е׼ȻҲģҲֻǸոտʼѡ

˵гֵǸˣӴһңԿʲôˣҲûٸ¡

뵽ʵʩЩߣʵĹ֮ҪƶȺ͹ҷԼƶȼȵȣô̵ʱ䣬ʵʩƵģ

ЩЦҪ¶ЩôʱڣǸʵֵģ֮ŸոտʼΪ˿ٷչǿʵʢʱеķƶȣҲ⣬ֻԭʢʱеķƶȵĻϣһЩ޸෽ܽԺֽƣĹʵʩЩƶȣҲ׾ܽܣ·棬ЩµƶʵʩЩѶȣҪսУĥˣ

ӵڰնԣǺʵˣʵʩЩƶȣֻҪ棬ȻܣλҲǲſʼûб׶¶·棬֮أڹпʦѧãǰԤۣٴǺܺãҴ˴һҪ뼧æ

  

м뼧æ

£漴ȤЦСӵǻʵʲô飬ҪҰæ㾡˵ǣ

ӳԱλС￴һۣ⣬Сһرܡ

ӵ뼧嵣׻ƾ䱸ӪľµʦΪ׻ƾ߼켶˲ţ»뼧ұܣҪκˣ

츧룬ӣǸ׻ƾ֪֯ģЩӵΪṩ˲ٵİֻЩĹźᲿĴ󲿷ˣ۳࣬Լ츳ʵڳˣǰǽͨ˵֮У»һЩҪ鷳ھУǹ⣬Ҫ˽ܣҪһ̵ģ

ӵ֪ЩĻĹŲᲿˣһǽͨ˵֮еģ֮׻ƾǱȻҪģҴȴ䱸Ӫ֣䵱һ߼˲ŵѵأȻڹоٰʦѧԺЩҵܹ֮ӵսǸɼ߼켶˲ţȻΪȱ

˼ˣĹܹõ׻ƾֵĸǼֱ绢ҴӦˣһĽ̵ģģ

ӦһЦȻˣǻͷҾͰ£ȥиⷽ˵һ£ƹ죬Ҫæˣ

˵ͿϣʱɫЩӣ˻£Ŀǰڱܽ׶ΣЩ⣬ҪǰУ

üͷһָĿǰĹ֣

ͷûĿǰĹ֣ɽټԭƵĴ󳼣ԼͿϵ齨ɵģȻΪĹĿǰһӦˣɽ֣ҲֻǴԸȻҶ£ԼΪͿϼ֧⣬ЩƴǣϰɽΪ֣ȥ½˻ʵ鹫ԺĹڲͻһЩǿҷ⣬Ŀǰֻǽʼ׶ΣҪƽУ

ЩȴüͷɽԴʲôû̸ǴҲûг棿

̾˿ǵͿϼȡϵԺ󣬾ɽټһЩƵܳ˲ͶЧ°빦̫ӵݣŷԺʵ֤ȷʵȡ˺ܺõЧ־˲żܳͶЧǵΰףҲ˳齨ҲŽһģ

ЩüͷƺһôʱûнʹЩγһֹе˼άʽɲǸ

ֵ˭Ҳûʶ⣬֮ĹķչɽĴڣѾֵĺҲҵɽ̸ʵһѾѣԶȡø֧ȡɽִ֣Զ⺢ȴǲϣҲʵִ֣Դ¾񣡡

˵ͻȻӵˣ£Ϊ׵Ͼ˻ӣ̫СܵΣⵣӣΪһӲǣƲ߹Ҳɣ

ӳ˼Ƭ̣յͷ׻ƾЩ֮ûֱӲҲΪûиȷָʾ׻ƾеָҲֻǩ֮󣬲ʵУж̳׻ƾֵ飬Ŀǰ׻ƾеĺﶼѾ֪κ£ῼǵһ㣬ж˻ʵļ̳ߣһû֪ڲ˵Ŀˣ£ж鷳

Ŀǰ漰Ĺ֣ж˻£бҪüλҪ֪Уסܼɣжɳ͸¶ٽжһ£ȻˮˣҿȥͿͿҵһ£

ӻŷſǸ֮ˣ룬ȻǼаɣͻȥֻǷҸӦǸˣҹϣŪҾв

ҲãҾͿ㣡

˵һͬš



Ժٴο΢֮Ĵ̽£ǽ˳⣬Ǳ˸û˵ĵطųնУ׷ȥ

ı𣬴ʱƱƱͿȥ



˳֮ڳ⼸ﴦĵطһСӾݲ쵽ǽСͣ˲ϢС

С½ɵģϵҲģ滮ȫʩȫ۵ģϵһҾƷСֵӭƮ

һҷֵֻ꣬ǾӪƵ棬֮أȴﲻ⼫Ϊ

ӷǽͳԱֱӽҾƷ

һƷлӭдɨһۺھƷĴһǰһıӰ

ӰԵеİҿλʵߣϴЩãŲͷҲԵЩңȻˣӴӴϣܵǽΪʢˣܵһ˵ֵȻ⡣

ߣӻ˻ƵĻֱߵǰҲɨһۡ

λߵòĵͦϲ죬Բз۾ҲЦеӣ±еľƺ󣬿ӣƽ˵Сޣڵ״̬ºȲþưɣ

Ȼλ߿壬ֻһ߷Ҳûоò죬ֻЦЦֻǺ棬˼㵽Ⱦƣ֪ƣɺȳʲôζˣ

ȻζûкǱڣȴֲΪϷѾҲЩˣ˵Ȼ˵ţžơ

Ӳָ֪Ҳûнӻֻǵٹһ̫бˣϲ֮

䣬Ҳֻһ۵ĹˣӰԼϣţһƣϷȴûϵȻζ

Ա⻰ȴǷ׷壺ͷûͲҪ˵ڴ˶һ޶˾û˲˵õģô͵ȻζˣԼ⣬ֵ˼棡

⻰ȴЦˣߵϲȻõȻζʵҲԻľȵģȻҲһ

ȻˣϷپƣС˰ɣ˵ţо󣬱뿪ֳзȥˡ

ӿ뿪ķȴЦЦҲͻȻ뵽ԼǾ߷Ǯʣ£ֻƱǸ⣬ӰһΣʧӰλվһĿɿڴ춼ûѹ

ãƹ˹ʻȳһ䣬ǻƲŻعȴǽеСƹǸһƾˣҪҪٰ

ֻλСѩǿŵ̨湩ŵһ˵Сӣ㣬סǸղǸԺȾƣҪҵүźˣ㲻ãǵ﹩Ǿ񣬺𣿡

ɶơ񣡡סˡ

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һ˿⣬ݳеİȴַǳ

Ѿ˿һҵ˥˥龰Ȳƾǵַٶʢ֮УҲһˡ

ͿԭͿ񾭹һ֮󣬸һֶصݳ˥ңεĴ䣬Ȼ

ȻͿ˶ǰȴݣĹͿĿ֮еĵλǾء

İΪûͿϣûݵʢûĹͿĹ֮еĵλߣΪټ֮ףĹĺȻҲ´ʱطǨҴ壬֪ͿϲĹˡ

ͿڵĹܼѾ˱ţλǰκĻ׷ͿԪսɳ֮һӣΪͿϷҳϣԹ޻ڡ

Ϲܼңӷĵ𾴣Ѿİʱ˶ãЩ̵ܸӡ

һͿʵҲûйãԴӷųȥ׷ѰǸ˵֮󣬾ͽżһصͿ

ſĸҲû⣬ǿݵϣֻǹŵЦݣֻ˵үˣӽ˸

Ϳԭɵĸֲûô䣬ԵԺֻǰԭؾ¥ԺͨˣԵøһЩһЩµķʩŽܣͿԪһ˵ľӴ

ͿҵļͿŴֱ˱ԺԺӾͿ졢ͿͿԪ˷׷׶̸ԶҲڡ

ӽӵ˵ͷȻֱʾͿһѾںõĿλ֮ϡ

صУǰĶǳӼ֮󣬾

ʱ˲һϣˣϲæ

ˣүҪ̸ū֧ˣʲôԸܷԸǣ

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ﺮݹһݺ鱨ϣӽ˹ͷǰҲûз㿴һߵɡ

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ӵڵʳʴṩӣܹ֧ŶˣԼж೤ʱսģ

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Щ˴θݽ£ӷֱ𿴹ֹ֮Ŀһ飬ֱӽЩ٣ųҡ



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Ϳ࿴Ϳӵܴʱͷû˸ҿ飬ЩΪͿگ飬ֵھʵµľƶȣⷽ淸Ľʿÿ춼ܷҾУûйԹԣͿξҵ常Ǿн죬ΪʣҲãڣʿԺôͿӵܣΪͿӵܵľǿżĵλϵͶλҵľźڡ

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ͿȻµľ·֮еĸΪµĽʿÿ춼ܷ

ڽһ⻰סͷⲻţǵĹûλǵʧְ

Ϳֵоʱڣ٣Ϳگƶȶ֮£ȳȥ䶼ξְ֮һپĿĵӪ´ָ֮󣬼ʵʩˣ˵ȣȫִмƻɡ

ڽ춼˳֮ͿֽͿˣԼͿگУͷ̲סеķŭ常ǼгҲǾϽˣֶô˵㣬ѵͲүүӵһ

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ͿگʱѾɫһԣҲɫӡ

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ͿگʱڿڵԷоĿĵԺһὫµľƶȳдٱģ࣬ģԺҲٷٷԲл

ˣڴԺǶҪ۾ѶȿҪȱԴһЩҲֱģҪӸүүָʾԸλΪͿϵĽΪĹϣŽЭ֪Ϳҫʿ䣬Ѫ;ģǿ



ĹӵĵϢڻľʼоԺ鱨ʹ˸ʵ۵İϡ

ھ뿴ŰϵǷ鱨ϣκα顣

ģȴǲϵصڲţͿСӣľ²𣬵ڣϲһϣϺͱһſճôѵ֪İĺϵѣ׼Ǵ֮ʣΪǿ

ֲԣСϳݱ߾һҲб𣬳ȻҲô룬СӵĻֶΣǲܷɵĴģʲôյĿ꣬棿

뵽зãӼпҪֶΣȻ²͸⣬ļ⣬֪õѡ

һ̬ȣоͲһ٣ҲʮֵʹޣᣬЩµаװ׶͵ģܻʵۣҲȷʵҵģȴûʵ

һֱΣлЩ˵Ŀƣһץסݺݲڽ£ҪҲǿʵ

ۼǰвʣٴ

վУԺ󣬱ǲǾĹľ˾²˳Ļˣҳ

ΪʱĹ˲ҾףĻȻܹȡһЧҲǣ浽ͷ´Ҳд⣿

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ǵĿĴﵽԺ󣬵ʱⷲǾͲٸԤ㵽ʱʲôʲôҲᣬֻڣǵİţغıݣȷʧɣҲҸ⾸ĻʵۣЩ飬Ȼܸı䣬Ǿ˳Ȼҵ˼

Ȼǰʾʵǲܸıġ

Уó˵Щݱ䣬еͼˡ

ƼңֻΪ˽ܹȡ棬ЩǲûзУԳ绹ǻ˳׵ģЩģȻĿǰӴǸ߲浱еĶǴˣ֪̹ʱڣ֮󣬵ʱ㺣ˡ

һҲû˵ʲô˳ȥãǸȥúõʵˣ⾸ȶչͿСӣҲһӣԺеǻʰĹ



ڳʱڻʹ֮УĪҵľˣԼŵļλϣһҲƺص顣

ĪӴҲ֪˵Сӽ˳ݱ߾ɽһҪҳñʵϣСӱȻͼ޶ҳսġ

ĹгǲƽɽѳĹңҸˣҲǾƵĳӣԸڶԺҲûֱϵҲûйĿʵĿǰʣһأ壬ǲһ˿ҵӶøֵĿʵԼڲ֮Щ飬ͿСǲûпǵģǲľ²ֻעչھǡ

Īʷͷ˵ûҳľӳԭϾȶЩǿľһֱƣչȷʵҪڵһλʱġսˡ

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ûݵȻûǿ½÷һأȫл½Ϊս÷ǺбҪġ

ڼ֮ʱʱĪͻȻæ˽е常λϣڵʹˡ

һ⻰˲ҵǷ׷״æӭ˳ͼλߴһλ꣬һλɫŮӻ˹

ĪӸ˺棬һۿǾɫŮӺ󣬵ʹסˣˮ֪

Ϯ𰣬λ̫ϳϵĻʹ󣬼Īϵˣ֮󣬳㻹û˵Ϯ𰷢һߡ

һߣХΧҡڳɫһ䡣

ǿһŭһ˶ԣ׺䶥

ĪŵЩʵ΢һ֮£ȫĪǿվȴ

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Īһʱ뵽ԭ򣬲תĪ죬ſڵϣһyinģϮ𰡣

ĪŭһƽĪ˳ȥҲ͸λϣʹгӵܣʵڲֻϣλĪҪһʶ

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ʹ֮е龰Ҳǵǰ伸ͬ˵һԺдա

Īϵ棬еţŵ棬ڣ嵽Ժȫ֮ϣҲͬʵײ㣬֮һԽľ޴蹵

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ⷬĪϵЩͷԣҲҷԡ

һλڳ˵ƽôģֱԱǣؾʹһҲһǶµĿ

ʱŵλ۳˵Ѿ߷֣ơġ桢ƣУȹıİǿ֣г֧֣ڴʱûиҲǷֵĲƣֻܱ̲Ҳۡ

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ڳⷬԺҲüͷ

ĪŻƣΪǵĻ˵ĹɣҪøĹϷֵĽˡ

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ڵĳܹ⳹⻰˼ģͷʹЩЩ֮Ȼǲ׵ģΪǿĲԶЩ飬ҲûʸȥӴģǻغñݣòҪһЩʧ飬ĹĿǰʱҶԭҲ֪ˣȹЩӣЩ鷢Ժǻһ㣬Ȼܿġ

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Ͻѵǣ¼ˡλųϱȳ⣬ü˳Ҳ

Դ˴ε龰ЩʧʱҲûڴ˼ֻλڳϵ˵ͷʹϮ˸ʧ˻ʹ֮Уһ㶣־Ǹ֣գۼͲˡ

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˵գλҲƮȻȥֻʣĪŵˣÿ˵ϣһ˿δɢơ



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Ϯоģߵߣ۲ˮʦ֣컯ᣬЩϲֻǶǼأҿغԼǼأЩѡ

ʱλڵĳҲ˹ϮҲû˵ͷʦҲһһ߷

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巽ϵˣΪ˽ֵܷЩˣһϮ֮أ飬ҳݡ

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ⳤϵ£Ͻλ֮һ֮½ӦͬĿģȻ»ģǵֻǵ÷ݣȴû£᲻Ǹ»ˣ

ԱϮ⻰תת漴˵ʦ֣˵ˣ᲻ϴʱеһѽǵĻǾӦòǲġ

㲻ǲģҲˣҲӦϾϽ磬壬һֱѺġ

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ʱҪؽճԲõֻ˳ҪҪʧݣ֮֡

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ھգѩݾһͻ̵عطֱۿݱߣкϱ֮ƣΣ

ĹڣΣһڹҥ¾ʧʹĹΣĹ֮ɿֻա

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Σڼ䣬ĹԺУѾݣȴ棬ʹùԱǶλʼЩʧ

Ϳ֮УͿĴ⼸ҲǽţκιԱĵãͿԵ⡣

ʵͿҲӵҪʲôȫϮʧأȴȻŲʣڼоޣͿЩܳסһֱõϢʹģҲʼЩҡ

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裬Ӳŵ壬ЩЩϢԺʲôӳûУɽȷϢ

ʱûϢ룬Ӧþڽ죬ԶͻȷϢġ

˵ŻʱʱȴͻȻһЦû뵽˵˭˭͵ˡ˵գֱеͿżԶ

Ϳ֮󣬱ԴżԶ˶Ժ

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ӿ֮ܺŵһЦǵ̽ЧˣЩڹİҲûӦֻҪЩûиԤЩô棬Ҳ͵Ϊֹˡ

˵գԱߵͷֱÿ˲ˮǷ뿪˶Ժ

ʱҲվһƵͿԪ죬үӣҲöˣȥԺɡ



¸ĹƣĹпܻӶĩ·ʱڵʮյʱĹӵĶν棬ľСʤԽı赲ڿ֮زǰ

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Ϣ֮¸Ȼ󾪣ҲĹʵĿģ֪Ե˵Сˡ

ԣȫϮ֮³֮ΪյҪֶῪأǽֻǻһЩߵأӵĲսʹҪ

Ҫͷڲȴģ붯ңѩϼ˪ǳ;սݲֻܻٳֻȫû³

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ֻǽɽݽûϵǾԽɽƬδ˸ԭʼɭ֣Ӷһ

ʱԶȴڻٵĻ;֮ƣڱǻǸı䲻˶ʧݵĽ

ǵƨɺ棬ȴⲿĹ׷ɥ֮Ȯһ㣬ֻƽϻأǾǴԽĮ

Ȼȴ֪Ҳ֪ĮһݾھصȺǡ

ѾȻˣһβˣǳ׵ˣǵĽֻһǾ

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־ĥһǸѪԼʵĴۺֻ˴ԽĮ󣬵ȴӭռȫҹĻ㡣

ƣ֮һ֧׼ľ֮ʦĶ֣ΧƬĮһսۣ

ѪƬĮܱߣȾ˳ɫ

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ڶʮպҹڵõݲ󣬼һ·񣬵طر޷ֵ㣬ǳʧݡ

ʮպ󣬻ı棬ٴʵǰƶʢʱһΰ׳٣ֱָĶһǣٳ¡

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һߣϾǰ潫Դ˳ʵͿֱϵĺسѩ߻ϣΪһʵʩ˶һ߾ӵĺϮ߾Ӵܣ˺·ʵƶĹŴ򹷵Ĳԡ

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ͳеһţʮĮ֮УȻԭ·أȥԺҲֻ˲ôڻĮ֮У׷ʲô־ʲôµ飬Ѿȫûû֪

˵ʵⶼѾԤ֮еˣֻҪԤⳡսôǱȻҪģϾ׻ƾǰ˴׼г˲ϣٴﲻԤڵĿģֻ鶹ײˡ

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սۣʿ߰ջڣʮ㣬δĹͳһµĴҵϣ

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һҲûж˵ӣ컯֮ȷʵ˼£컯ĵʮصµһԴ֮ϱԴڼҪɢļ¹ش󣬹غ컯ĴҾ֮¡

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ǰǸط飬һƬĮѪ죬ͬʱһʮŤѪĲ

ǵ֪Ժ󣬺ֹ۲ֻ֮ҪǳĮ֮еѪԽǿ֮֮ϵıԴĲͿʼ

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ǸȦףмˡ

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ӵУҷģұԵǳĮ֮пһⱾԴ֮ƻ̶ֳˣûа취޲

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˵գк֮󣬾żնȥ



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ֹͷڤԣ籾Դ֮ǿԺôûлӽ׵ĺ֮Уᱻż

ⱾԴ̺֮֮ؼıԴҲ컯һڲ컯˵˶ԣҪӽǧѡ

ʱޣڤڸܴ֮´򿪱Դ֮µ֮󣬵ž޴ѹ粽ԺȸӦһĳȣһ־ͺǵĽ˻ɽǹҽһ㣬㿾ĿҪˡ

ǿݵƺֻʣ¹֮ϣһɹѪɫڶ֧ޱȾ޴ѹⱾԴ֮н

ǣнһξ룬ڽ뵽ڲһõʱŵĳȣͻȻ֮䣬ȻֱüΪ䣬Ĺͷ񱻶һ㣬жӵĳٻ

ԽǰѹԽ󣬶ҽأڤõھ֮йǿƺѣĲѾЩ粽еơ

ʱѪͻȻڿʼɢڤҪٴηѪɷ֧Լǰеʱ򣬷ԼܹƵѪԽԽʶʲôɫ䡣

ѪɷѾˣ

ڤڸӦ״ʱԺ֮еĵһͷ˵Ļôǰˡ

뵽˴ڤòųѸٳ

ֻȻԺ˶ʱȻ󾪣һĿ־б㿪ʼѸٵĵ׿ʼӡ

֮桱

ܹ֮ΪİĲ֮һΪںܾǰ֮Ӱ죬Թٿͷʧȥ֮֮£˲˹һ

񣬵֮ٴγֵʱڤǱʶУͲزһɶ֮Ŀ־С

ϾǲϣҲΪ쾳ĳǿߣ֮˱ܵĿ־֮󣬺ܿƽϢľ

ֻѪɷ֮У֮ԸЩڤѪֻһ쾳ǿߵķԺҲûǰȥùͷͨѪɷı˳⣬ӵıڤ֡

ڤǵؾ۷ĸ֣ʵİ֮УнڼλϣŷḻĶԵо飬ȻӵĶ֣ҲڤѪǰ㣬Ϊ֮񣬷Լ뱻ľ棬յ¼غϲͱӻС

ڤԣӲûֱԽ֣ͨǹѪɷϣӲҲη֮棬Ͼ֮漰ķΧҲޣ֮࣬ʱ֮ǡ

ֻҪסӵĲôڤƿǱԴ֮ţ뵽潫ӡƳôпܻõǿпܻͻƵؼϴӶ֮֮С

뷨Ǻõģʵȴޱȵѡ

ڴʱӶԣڤʮֵĽƻȻʱ޷УѪɷͨŵ֮棬ΪһˣֻǼ򵥵УɵؽѪĴƳѾﵽԤڵĿġ

ֻҪûѪɷڤҲͳ׵ʧȥĿ겢ڤϣ֪ڤֻסԼѣԺרעڷ֮ϣ׼ǱԴ֮Уƻڤжƻ

ǣΪһΣӲûϵڤ֮ʣڤִʮӡϮԺڤһɳصеһ㣬ޱѸٵɳΪ϶˹ȥȻеǱȴûˡ

ڤŶһԺ󣬼գ۵˲䣬ͻȻǸһޱȼٵӰٴγϮ

ΪڤһԺ׼˻͵ϮԴԼץסᣬ䳹׵ĻС

ǣǹӰڽӽϽʱͻȻԣ͵ϮӰͷŵʮǿ󣬲ڤܹӵеġ

ô˵һλ쾳ǿߵ͵Ϯ

Ժ֮вʶԺӴʱҲٴ⣬ѸӦ

ӡһƵʱ򣬴ʱ͵ϮҲѸٵϮԷҲѸٳһƣߵƴһ󣬾ɫشĴ˱һذը

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ڲɳΪһɳʱҲʼɫشΧϮ

ӵıЩȣԷǿʵԼһЩ

ɳ֮УҲλ͵Ϯ쾳ǿߵӰҲһ߷ԺĿĵĶʵʩһ͵ϮǴ˵֮еλİĲڤ

ڶԷʵҪǿһЩʱڤٴϮ˹ֻջһרעԸڤϮ

Ը쾳֮ϵĸ֣ӲԸһεЩһ㣬ʱڤųһɹ⾳֮ͻȻо͵ΧϢͻ䣬һ֮УᵽһΣյԵϢ

Ե⾳һǿ־֪ǶԷڷ͵ϮһԺԼʵԺ󣬷ӳǿʵԲСӡ

Ȼ⾳֮еǹ־ԼĻҲ󣬴ʱͻȻ΢΢𣬾һڶԷǹϮʱӴʱһգڤϮ־Ӷ

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ڤԼ⾳Ϯʱ򣬶ԷȻֻӶ۾ѵ׼Ҫô

ڤʶ֮вһͷԺ󣬴ʱͻȻٴ۾ڤԷ֮ųһǳ֮Ժľ

ڤ֣ǰѾ뷽Ŵͬˣ־Էѹ׼ʵʩԼϮжʱͻȻ΢΢ͼ֡

ʲô⾳

ڤо⾳·һ˲佫ؼеһж˽ȥԼ⾳ӰԤ֮£Լ˵Сӵǰһֻ΢һ㣬ˣ·һ˲ͱ˶ԷС

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ǿɷ⾳֮ʣڤһɫЩ԰иǾֻ֣һǿ־ķܵ˺⵽һǿ⾳

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䣬ﵽ쾳ϵĳǿߣ׷ǵϵǿ

Ϊڴﵽ̶ֳԺʥĲǿĻ޷ǿģԴ쾳ǿʮעؾηĶӶͨʵֶĳӶﵽͻƽ뵽Ŀġ

־ηǿ߱⾳֮еǹ־

ΪΪ⾳ʱľ񾳽磬ѾһС

˿̵Ļ֧ͷų֮Ϊɷİ׻Ǿ֮е־Ըڤ

ڤԣɺ嫵⾳ѾܹˣоԼСͬʱһͶɷ˺ѵ־ͻһ㣬ҧֻе־ֿ

Ǹ˲䣬ڤоԼͺһޱİҰĹŻ֮С

Ǹ֮У飬չһɼΪǿʵűɷѪ־·Ҫ˺Ƭ

ȻʱֵܹʱԾһ㣬ܲסǹɷ־ɡ

ԵӴʱߵٴκݺݵһڤ֮ڤͻȻαˣķʱʼԵЩ˼֣ʵɫʹࡣ

ȻξεĶԿ֮Уڤͷųǰ׻Ǿɷ־ϮӶܴ

ܴ֮󣬴ʱڤͷŵ⾳Ӱ֮£СͬʱۼԶļҲٸֻʣһڤãŤתذܵľ档

ƣڤҲ⣬żһİ׻Ǿ־Ϯ֮ʱķӰһ㣬ѸƮȻߡ

ڱԴ֮УѾ׼ԱԴ֮ڲһʵʩ׼ͻƽ뵽Դ֮ĵڤıķܴ֮ʣ۵ǹʱɢһգпһѪ֮

־ǿԼľƽ֮ʣɫҲԵЩ԰ףԴ֮ͷŵԿѾˣӶķʵʩǿ־ĴʱѾٽһļƻӶһ

ѪɷԺ󣬱Դ֮֮еǹҲԽԽǿڤڱԴ֮棬ѾҲ޷֧ŵƿһĵıˣٲߣȻᱻǹԽԽǿıԴɷ顣

ʱڤǵϣмΪʣܴƺľ֮еĳֿӱȼ

ʱǿֲðԵЩŤ

ֻһϷܿⱾԴ֮֮УʲôѹȪѪӵķӡֻһϷ򲻸İ

ڿ񱩵Ĵ֮УڤȻ쿪۰һǿϢΧ翪ʱҲʼ׳󣬾汻һ㣬

ڤħ塱

ڤһѸ׳ͬʱһʱӶݶķͻȻҽһ徹ʼΡ

һ˲䣬ŤҲŤҲڲϵڻ˵ĹУ߷Ƿ˱һ㣬һֻ׶Զޡ

׼뵽Դ֮֮еӵķشڤķԺͶ뵽ʱͻȻܵһҲЩɵǿӿ

תʱ򣬾ͷһֻΪӭĹ

˵ǹΪʵ޷ݣªľڵص׳˯ǧ꣬಻飬֮еĳɫĹ⣬·ܹ˴Ѫɫʮֵаǿ

֪Ӧڤܴ֮£õĽ֮Ȼ֪ڤҪʲôĴۣħһķڤı֮ӵǿ

ħһʵ˻ʱҲҵһ̧һ֮оҵȼ

ڽӽʱȫһȭ֮棬ħϮȥйɲ־Ҳǹħ˾һǿǿԿ



ҵرڱԴ֮ǰſǹǿһɳŰƬأʹĵķɳʼ룬ҪԴ֮

Ӵʱȴо֮ܵһǿɵ־ϮԿһ֮£ʹ֮渨ҲûнУ屩ˣȣЩʧأЩǹɹ־Ϯ

ڻȥӵıķܵһ˺֮ĶͻȻһͣоѪڣѹֲסǹܵĲӶǽѪ˿

ǿڤԸĻȻҪԴģֻڤûԸ˵ʹһУȻҪΪصĴ۵ġ

ڤԣֻǿУҪĿ꣬ƽⱾԴ֮ѹŵķӡֻҪܹƽǷӡĻٻͷԸӣûʲôڹ˼ˣڷֱܴӴ֮Դ֮һϡ

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һڻɵķԺ֮֮ȼʱӰ죬Ľк֮

һβû֮棬ǴŲҽ֮һɫβǱԴ֮֮г˽ȥûӡ

ûеȥͷƽϢ£֮еǹɳƽϢԺ󣬴ʱıʱϵУһɫĹâ֮󣬷뱾ʱ϶Ϊһ

ջط֮Ÿо֮ǰܵĳҲ˶ƽϢ

һսоãԺǲ׷ųһܴԺⲻܴӶҲܵ˺Ӱ죬ǿĵˣΪ

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뵽Ӳû֪ڤη񣬼пܻƿԴ֮еǸϣóѣء

ҲûгͣӰһһ㣬Ѹ׷Դ֮֮жȥ

ֻӲ֪ⱾԴ֮УƺûܵǱԴ֮κӰ졣



֮Уڤˡڤħ֮Ժ˵ʵʼѸٵ׳

Ѿˣֻ˵һħǾһķδ֮֮ʱڤǳɫ֮һ˿ηĹâ

תۿ˿Ĵı֮ڤʱͻȻһĴǿűյʹ࣬Ǿ߷ջص˱ڡ

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ȻƳһŰ֮棬ûȫƳ

ʱڤѾ˲ˣõʵļ׳ԺȻĿ꣬εǱԴ֮֮һ֮ϡ

ȡ

ڤһ𣬵ʹ˽֮Լʵʩڶݵʱڵõ˼֮󣬾ͼ˫Ƹ߸𣬾ٹͷ֮ϵ޷Զһ죬ͷɢĳªģһҪĴħͷ

ֻǼϢĹڤ߾ٹͷ֮УʱͻȻһѪɫĹ⻪תѸٵҪ**ȫľѪ˫ƺ֮۳ȫӶһ

Ѫɫ⻪תڤ֮£Ѹټ俪ʼ׳

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ǹǿ׳ڤܳصļ޵ʱڤһ߾ٵ˫ƣǹɽ֮ƣȻǵԴ֮ĵı֮Ϻݺȥ

ڤ֮ȫʮֵǿ󣬼ܽⱾԴ֮ٵ

ס֡

ӻٸϵʱڤѾһֹҲ˶һ֮£һǿӡ¶Ҫֹڤķ

ǣֹѾˡ

ڤ۵ݺݵͷڱԴ֮ĵǵ֮Ժǵεıϣڴ˿̳׵˸һɺڰ׽֯Ĺ⻪֮Ҳֳڴ˵ǧıĿ

Ǿһƺؼ಻ͬԵ֮ʱһ㣬㣬һڵգʱҶһѪɫ⻪ֶӳһ˸Ĵڡ

ȴʮֵǿڤͷųǹǿҪⱾԴ֮ٵǵǹӴʱ򣬼һû룬ȴˮûв֮еǰҷӦҲûиյıʲôʵϵش

ڤƴȫ֮󣬾ȻӳֹڤͷųҲһȫȥһɷɣͺһһ㣬ڤεסƺĳصĿռ֮С

ͻȻ䣬ڤסˣҲûϵձϣȻ˵ܡ

Ĵ۸ΪصĻڤȫûԤϵۣ˽֮ȴõһ

ʱľǱϵﴫԽԽǿʱڤǻҰ׵֮ͫУ**һ˿֮ķ

ʱղǿͻȻ͵ճסӣЦСӣһͬһ֮ɣҲֵ

ǹӰ죬ûϵڤֹͷҪͬھķٶ

ڤճסӲñΪֻҪһͻһɸǿ·ĻҪߡ

ӱڤճס֮ƴץסڸһͻĵʯ˵ʱǹǿգƽУ棬ɳ˽׷û֮ʧǾһ͵

ڤڱߵʱץӵȣӸоԽԽץסʯ֮ʣʱýʹڤ

һ̣ȻǰǶһͨˣֻһЩԭʼЩΣա

ֻǲͬǣһǿ׳꣬ڤ˼һоľĿͷڤͬھ־뱾ܣڱڤճסʱһ󵨵ľ

֮еԽǿԽʱͻȻſץסʯ֣Ǳߵɳһ㣬ڤٵ򽥽γɵ֮о˽ȥ

ڤ뵽֮Ժı鿴ʹ汳û֮УֻʣͷֵʱͻȻ䳯¶һֲģȴıóһ΢Ц

Ȼһ̣ڤѾЦݣȴԶضסˣǳ۾ɵţһһ̣һ벻˼顣

Ϊ屻ȫ֮еʱؿӵ壬ƾʧǰ˿ӰҲ˿о·ʧ֮һ㣬ޱȵĹ档

ڤ֪ԴѪ츳֮ӵһ֮»ᴩĸû֪



Զǵĺɫ޾աƺԶһƬǵĻɫͬһҹϵĻɫڲͣķţȴ

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ڹɫƵײ֮£֮һɫ£һֻʣɵĿ֦ϣÿ˲ȼ˴

ӹ壬廹һְ׵ƣоԼڱһƬɳŴ֮ԵЩ˫ۡ

ټ޾ѹڰһʱЩ޷ӦĻ

ãֲƽ֮ҲӦǰĻ谵֮վɨܱߵЩ谵龰

ĸоĻֻص˹֮еΣֻɨΧ֮󣬿ǸɿݵĴأľǸɺԵĺӴͺͺɽ塭һУӦţﲢǹȣһֱԺı硣

Ӹо˿ڵϢһ˿Ӳݣһжš

ʱһƬɽķ嶥֮ϵһѵƽ̨֮ϣƽ̨֪ʲôõģΧһЩʯ֮ϣЩֵķģȻҲʾţйĴڡ

֮гŨҵһζʮֵĴ̱ţ֪Ҳûĸԭ

ѹ֣ЩζһĻģʱͨϢάĻܡ

ֻƬ̵ĹӾͷ֣ë֮УΪʥľϢԵʣǦɫʱǿϢë֮й˳

ֽĨ־Ǧһ㣬һִжصʣҲûҪԭ

ӲûֻŵʮֵƽȻҳһЩ˿ԼǸ磬ûй

ɽƮȻ£һ·Ľһеưܾ󣬳Ȼ磬ԼΪǰ·ȼĿܻ⡣

֮һƬţͺ֮дڵΨһֹ¶УԼ磬ԱǶôá

ҪĿĿĵεţг̺ܿ죬֪ԼҪȥ֮һ·֮ϣгǧĽǱưܵ龰

оεЩˣҪϢһµʱ򣬻谵֮ϣһ£ӽһ˲ĵ⣬Ȼоһ˿ɫĺ

⣬֮дϲѸٳӦӵĵط񱼶ȥ

  

  

Ƭưܵ統УɺԣûһˮԴľһƬɿݣûһ˿⣬ɽѺͺʯõĴֱԭʼ硣

Ϊŵ˾һ˿⣬Ҳܴһֶϣ㽣ȫǻһ˿⡣

֮һĴĿεĹ»꣬żȻ䷢ôһ˿֮־ϲûйġ

һַֱѹõĻһаĺͯһ㣬ı˿񱼶ȥ

ӲΪ˿ԭʼ궯ͺ֮Уĳֶǣһ˿飬رάϵǸоԶʵңԶĵط

Ҳ֪˶ãӸоЩƣ֪Ϊһ˿ľϲ𽥿񱼵г֮Уڱ𽥵ĥţƽľκεĲ

һ˿ʵڣⲢǻþӼг̣Ѿ·;ԽԽܹܵһ˿ĺ

ѾȺɽ֮䣬ɽͺͺģЩͻأľʯһЩľµһЩи

ӻܿŻľޱӴĿݹǡ

ͺȺɽĳּ֮ǰڵطٿЩŻľ޵ĿݹǣԽȺɽһͷߣЩ޵ĿݹǾԽࡣ

ֱȺɽĶ֮ϣӷǰ涼ƽأɽƽеĵ棬᫲ƽٲȻһƬ硣

ͷٴʱЩ·;龰ŻȻ֣ԭһƬɺԵĺ磬ɺԵĺε˺ܾá

ʲôֱ䣬ȻܹããĴ󺣾ȻɺԵ󣬻Ӧ֮ǰǰ󣬹Ǻʯá

ЩأҲû˼ȥ֮ϵ½ϵľ£ΪǺ翴龰ӵ⡣

ֻʮг̣ĿݹǣǣҶѻɽ½֮ϣʲôĿݹǶܹΪӴģʮɸߣɿСһģ͸˵ĺǲ࣬СģȻʤ

ӴЩݹǵķֲ֮ϣһǾЩݹǾ󺣶ܽӦǷֱ֮ģѰˮԴĹУۼģ֮ǰЩɽߣ󺣷ɺӦɺԵĵط

ͺǾ˼ǧ꣬꣬龰ʵķӳǸŻʱĻһжԭʼҲӴһЩż֮жϷĽ

ǣҵģһ˿֮ʱĺΪڼ˥߿ʱ򷢳һֱܵĺȣŵ֮Уͻأ࣬ڲܹͬĸоõԶ

Ѱһ˿ɫĺӼӿг̣Ȼ·᫣ǿҵ֮ѺۣЩطжֱڴγһֱͨĵԨϿȡ

Ӧ˿һֱĵԨϿ֮С

ҵԨϿȵʱֻ΢֮ϸ΢һ󣬱ԥǳ޾ڰԨ֮С



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ڤѪɷƣγɵѪɢһ֮󣬺־һ޴ĵԼɳ籩ϮʹԭЩѪϢҲɢһա

ȿȡ

Ĵ֮ǰرɫɳ籩ڸǵɳ֮зվʱ˴ɳ϶䡣

ĴѰ˵Ӱȿɳص£סˣȴ¶һȣߵɳǸھ˳

ֻھʱķⲢҪҵļˣ֮ǰǽս֮˵ڤ

ʱڤ΢ھʱͻȻ۾ĺˣжֻ΢֣Ҫɱ㡱

Ĳûжڤ֣֪˱ΧˣҲܣҲûĴѰŰȺӢ˵Ӱ

˰أԼɳӢ£ڤ֮ʱڤ˵İȣصɳʱӢס˰ȣ˱˵¡

ַأĿӢû£ȻԣƲأӢѾϢˣ޴󰭣һͬĶַ

ӢҿûзֶַǴɳʱ붫ַѾǱԴ֮ʱһɺǿ붫ַڻûнȥʱɳˣֻҾ֣ǱԴ֮ôڲˣҲоǹˣ

ɨĴɳͱɳڸסһЩ֮⣬ǰıԴ֮ȻǲɣʧӰ٣ûгֹһ㣬˴Σ˵᲻ǳɳйأҲˣ

鷳ˣӵĴڣ컯֮⣬ƲҲ㲻Ĺȥ緢ʲôĻǺãӢĶͷЩյص

ĵ﷢ǿҵĵԼɳҷĺܹ棬ظǱԴ֮ĪڶַҲӰȴŰȻ컯Ʋ߻㱨һ£ټӸַټ

İˣôãӢһߵڤ˵

ߣ˵գ㿪ʼĴ̽

ӢŻԵİȣҲûԥ֮󣬸С֮󣬾뿪ˡ

ڱԴ֮ǰڵĴϸһ֮󣬼еĵطұˣûз붫ַӰз֮£תڤɫ죬Ҫһȥ죬ȥЩУܾİɱĥֱɱ£ɱ㣬̫ˣܸİڵľλãԼһļƻһῼǸһʹ족

ڤûֻЦһˣҵʥ˲֪ΣҵģȫѾˣһļƻҵǿԸ㣬ֻҸʹ죬еߵϡ

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ڤͻȻЦһƻǡɱˣ۹ǵµĲпᱨɣ

㣬

⻰Ժŭơ

ʵ֪ԷΪİݵĳϼҳϲôܻ¶ЩܣֻǱһֽԣʳʲôĵ׼һ˽ħͷһ

ǣľƵ׼ڤʱ򣬴ʱͻȻˣתͼַĿЩ͵վ󣬵ģɱʲô

ô⸱ӣʲôˣ

ļַǱ˺ۣˣֻ飬ľЩ졣

ڶַ߽ʱʱڤͻȻ䷢ѣƴеؾסģַе£᲻ɴ

 һ ɲŮ

һ  ɲŮ

ĶڤͻȻľٶЩ֡

ΪڤԳ˻ϮԲûڤĻ֮ǰһƣڤ֮ʣһȥ

һƺߵڤ޷֮㱻һƻУֻڤѪ˿ǣȴƺıóһĹŹЦݡ

ܾﲻԾ

ʱ򣬵ֶַʱͻȻó죬ħһ㣬һֹǰ͵ϮʱѾˡ

ڤ˻ѱе˲䣬ַҲͬʱչжһƮ̬ĵߣ͵Ϯ

һ͵ϮĴֲûзӦ붫ַô⸱ģʱ͵ϮһѾصػ֮ϡ



ǰһѪ֮ǹ֮ʣԹŲŵĲɻ

һˣԶԶصɳ֮ϣ̲סеѪĲϷڣѪֱ֮ʣȻϹŲ⣬ֱͷصŶַЩָ㲻Ƕַ˭

ԭ˵컯ˣǱȽϷſʼͱˡ

ʱһЦ

һ֮ΪһλϾʹһŮӻ֮

ĵУͬһĶַԶһֵӰɳĮΪһĹӰ

һŮˣһɫǵŮ

һȫԻľݣǾӨε֮ϣżִаһֲ£ϾĵŮӵĴ

ĿŮɳ֮ɳ֮ϣûմأǳ˫㣬һԾӨָۣƵСţЩõΪ֮Ϊ֮ߵ

ܵ˵һޱȼɵЩηŮˣһĶҩһѸ룬֪ںʱϢش֮࣬Уٲľ֮С

û֪֮£һа֮ġ

ƵķĿŮ˻߹ʱòָŮˣ˵һѪܹоõһֶѸٵӣҪꡣ

һַ̣֪Ůֶο˶ַΪһżܡ

ҾĿܣǷǡ

뵽ЩԺҲŮ˵а֮˶ַһۣ۾΢΢Ȼϵıʮֵƽ

ƺ󣬱Ů˵˭ӦòİˣʹõаֶΣЩܾǰԺǼλаʿеһֽǩ˹嵱еа׵Ľʲô

ŮȻһĴ̬ϵЦѾţֻǿģ岿ĺķϣҲҵżܣһһʹɴ˶ϣֻøһ£ֵ֮棬ӵ

Ǻǣ֪ʲôˣ벻֮еǸͽԺĺȴֳ˷ˣıһĦԼıһŮ˵ı

⻰ǾɫŮһ䣬ȴɵȻĮ˵ҪҵͣڵĶѾڷˣٹһʱ䣬ͻһû֪Ӧ֪ᱣȫʵֻҵżܡ

Ǿżȥȥɡ

ͻȻĴʱαͻȻѣĿ겢ɫŮˣվһߴͲǼܻһĶַ

ҡ

Ů˿ķѣҪͻȻıĿ꣬ҪԸµżܵʱŵȻϣȻŭݣҲ޾ɷ֮

һֱѰᣬѵʱ򣬾Ѿȫ־ΪģΪܹŶַǱ˰ڲĿຣõĽѡ

Ǹºܹˣץס֮󣬾ͲٷŹǰʵ쾳֮ϣͨ쾳ֻҪǿŮˣģҲֻѰˡ

ʱѾɹס׼ĶַȫĹڽס˶ַ֣֮ȥɣŵýѡ



һı죬ĵĻ֮Ȼ𣬴һɳŰǾ仰Ʈɫɳ֮صеģѪͱѪȾķɳ

þеĹԱ֮붫ַѪ䣬Ҳǵټ

ɫŮӿ龰ǰǷŭı飬Ѫʱֻ¶һ˿Ц֮ɫ̶ָֻĮ

ߣԱôҵӵ֮֮ǰСҪżܣж٣ɲŮںһżܵĵʧô

ɲŮҿ˿ܣ΢΢Ƿ۵С죬˸ɰӣֹϧһǸɳҴһκûѽֻ֣ⱾԴ֮Ϊξͻƾʧأ

˵գ˸ķԣ·һ㣬ȻʧƬɳ֮С



޾ĺڰƺϮħϡ

ֻһӣƬޱȵĺڰԨ֮УһǰĹâ

µǺڰԨһֱƮ״̬֪Ʈ˶೤ʱ䣬ΪԼһֱ׹㲻ûﵽǵĵλá

ڰԨϿȵķ϶ܴӦǷֱʱ򣬴رѵʱֱӴӵĲλʼѵģΧһЩͻľʯ棬żȻܿĿݹǡ

׹һʱԺӸоϢԽԽһЩʱ򣬲΢ۣ֮ѾܹԼǵĵĺӴ

屣׹ĹУһһ㣬һ㣬ϣȵ䵽ǵиɺԵĺӴ֮ϡ

ǵģѹʮֵľ޴󣬾ٱ£˵ܵޱǿҵļѹ

ӵʥѾʥ壬ȫܹܵסǹѹ

µ˵ģӦǰĺڰ֮ѰǹϢʼѰǷϢλá

ҵƬ̣Ҳ˺ԶİأԭڵºӵһԴͷĿǰܹоһЩʪϢǸĻҪһЩ

ϢݵԴͷ⸽

ѰϢпʼºӴľͷһȽĶڣǶڲ֪ͨܹȷϢǶɡ

ʣﲻ֪˶ˣĴڣôӦ֮Ӧǿģʵǿһ飬ֶӵĻ

ϢȻϢôӾ;ãǲǺΣգǺбҪ̽һġ

 һһ еһ˿

һһ  еһ˿

ǶԺǳû֮ǰܹ֮еȫò

ڶ֮ɨһۣĿܿǶĶϲһʯ֮£̾һûƬ

˵ΪнǣһʮֵƣûƬһһ

ѾһϾûκ覴õ䣬йϵģǽһΪƯ

ӵУȻľʮֵ׳ۣûκ𾪻ı֣Ǻƽ

ϢѾ΢ϾҪȥĵزʱѾ˲ȥΪʲôôãʲôķʽģǿߣӦҲôãŶҪ⿪

Ҳûԥ˹ȥ֮̽ϣӦѾ΢˼£ٲεĻɡ

ûϢǼڵ壬ȷʵǿǿĳ̶ȣӶྪֻ̾ڵ֮Ѿ˴ǦʣѾȫҪģȰͨ

Ƕϲļз֮УʩĿռ̫Сʮֲ㣬Ի˵㾫ʱ䣬ӽƳǶѨŵĵĺӴƽ̹յ֮Ϻٽʩ

û֮еǰִҳֱĻҲ׶ңӦһ͵壬ӽ󱧳ǶѨʱ۾ֻ΢΢գƺѾûܹܵƺ͸мһֱȽ΢ľ񲨶

ӿʼΪڵٻĴǦɫʵʱ򣬲֪Ѷȵж

ʮֵأЩ綼Ѿʧȥ˻ԣѾʯȥӦÿں̵ܶʱڱһ߻ʯ

ǲ֪Ϊʲôôõʱ䣬ӵԺ֮һֱЩ⣬ежȴûܵ˿Ӱ졣

ǽһϢǿ־֮еһԱȽɻĵططΪ񹥳Եһ㣬ϵЩĽʯ֮һϸ΢ͨ·

ȵеȫܹͨγѭȻǿǣ㿪ʼҩǿ־Ϣ䵽Щ֮УϵسˢЩ֮еٻ

̣ʱȽϳ

οǣҽ˼õЧǿǰǿϢںֱײʱ򣬾ȻؼǳŵǱʹ罥˻ԡ

ͨǱķʽϢҲ˻תļӵӵϢ֮󣬱ܵر㿪ʼϢŽھеٻʡ

ŽЩٻʵķʽӲ̫һӵϢǹʷ֮󣬲ûų⣬ֱӱתΪһƣ洢ڵһһĵط档

֪˶á

ںڰ֮ΪžĵƣֱĻĻָԺѾ۸ЩҪˡ

ΪƣҪȻҪܹ׼ޱȵĿԼ־Ϣ֮ϣͷʱҲҪ׼ΪĹǿͻᵼ¾ѣֱȥ

һֱС߶ȼУ˿Ĵ⡣

ӶĹ֮Ӳŷֱ֣ʱҪۣԴľﵽ쾳Ժδֹ۵ÿҪѵ

Ϣ˯һĻܶӣһǦɫʹ࣬һЩ쳣ǹΪ½زȥĻǾ鷳ˡ

ӱ˹Ϣһָ

ֻǵ׼ʱȴ𾪵ط֣Ȼ˿оĴڣӦ֮ʱԼǾʮֵңԶͺһ㣬һĪĿС

ΪʲôѵǳҲô

𾪵زţʵҲκֹ

һԼڽʱΪʱԴ֮еǿԼӦĺһУƺ͸ĳڤڤ֮дڵĹһʱȴϵ

ûָ£ֻٴַʼЩں֮еͨľѪΪһ֮ʼڵĸ֮ߡ

Ḷ́ԶֱҪ࣬Ӻģһֱϵؽŵ



ԭʼ֮ĵʱҲ֪˶ãѾһҵ֮УûвߵĻָٶȣǳ֮졣

ڰ֮УͻȻ˫ǶһƬڵĻ֮УĿ

ӵʱ΢΢̧ͷãƺĳ־ǱֻǵĶѨ֮С

ƬڵĵԨ֮Уʱķǳ

ӽһҵ֮ȫ񣬶ھʶ֮жޱǵ׷ѰһֱͼӦޱǵټ

˴ʱ֮ȴεط֣ÿӦһ˿ǳϢʱȴͱһεı赲ô

һ澳֮Уƶ־ʱ䣬һֱͼεıҵĶҪǱϣޱȡ磬һǿʵĸоֹ¶ͼįĿС

ǣ컯ˣʱ̶ϣŬΣŻĵķ˳ԣǰεı֮¡

ʧ֮٣ĽѵܽҲ²⵽ȱһԴαϵĶǵʲôû˿ͷ

Ҳûٳԣؽ˻Ժ󣬱۾

ǰһƬڰվ󣬾Լʢ״̬Ҳܺã̧ۿ˿ңȻˡ

֮УΨһܹһˣԼǸ¶įˣԼҵ𰸣ĻǰһΣܵôʲôջȥС

뵽Ĵңûʲôֺ󣬱ֱֻصǸĵĶѨ档

صǸĶѨԺȴͻȻ۾΢΢˼֣ûзټֻһˣһȫluoŮ

 һ 

һ  

ⱾһЩ˼֮£Ӧ˵ڿ龰֮󣬻ֵþȣ𺶡

ǣӴʱϣû˿ı飬ľУһ˿֮Ȼƽһ̶ˮ

Ѿ֪£ûĺڰżȻһλϢǼһϢҪȥӶԣһ࣬塣

һλչӵǰб΢΢Ĳչֳʢҷ̬תƽ

֮ϣûֳһŮܹ߱ס˵ͨòһϼְʥʣһڶҲǿֳģһֳȻ߱һʡ

ʣӵӡУֻЩõе񣬲Żһϡ

ͷ֮ϣӨ˫ǣ̬ʱǰ㣬͸һĹԡ

luo壬ȻľӨۣȴ͸һھ˿ʥ߱ǿȣ

ָġ

ģֻȳƽʵݣվһ𣬾ͻ֣֮ᷢȽԱϵĲ֮⣬ߣȳƵԼھ߱ǿȣſѰĵط

վǰ壬ͺһ澵ӣȫǰӵǰı׼ģزⷢǿ׳˵ĸ߶ȣȫ

Ϊľ΢΢һ˿龰ӳĶѨʱ򣬲Żǲı顣

ԺӾ֪ԼԼŵṹͨԼķʽһǡ

ֻڣȴȻ߱ڳ˵ṹӽ;ûʲôòģӦ֮ԷһΪ

ãĸı䣬˾׽һЩڰ¶ı֮УҵһֹС

ʱӣ֮У¶һҪĸܵȴ֪ʲôķʽֻ۲Լ֮һַʽӴһѶϢ

㣬˵ô

ܹ־洫ѶϢֻϢĹͨʽ˺ܲӦӿ˵

㡭㡭ᡭᡭ˵˵

ſ˵֮۲֮¶һɺ棬ǹ۲֮ѧӣʮֳľӤѧ˵һ㣬³ô˵󣬻벻ıܣǷһ֮صĵĺڰѨУþòɢ

龰жʱˡ

һŰֽںŵ֮УƺûнӴ֮Ψһһ

ͨ棬һѶϢظ˵仰˼

˵ͷӻظܶѶϢֻǺͨķʽѧϰһź

־ĹͨʽӲ֪Ϊᶮ˼˵ֻûĺڰ֮УҪٻû֮С

ͨ棬Ϣ˵ַͨʽֱӱھӴݵЩѶϢ

ҡѽޡԡ֡㡭

ǻۺͣѧĺܿ죬Ӻĵؽ˵ʱ˼γ֮󣬺ܿţܹ򵥵ıԼһЩ뷨

Լʲô֣ȻԺο͸˲ʶ֣ھɳ̵ѬԺȻͻ˵һһ츳һģֻҪһ̣ọ̃˵ȴ൱Ķݡ

ԽʱӲûмõʲôѶϢֻǽ˵ҽķʽԼ֪һЩ顣

ڰԨУ˺ڰ˸͸оʱš

Ӿ˽ϳʱ̵ܹʹ˳ͨ˵ķʽ뷨ʱͨҲ֪ˡ

֮е̣ӵ⣬Ҳ൱ʥʹʥŮһְλ֮еλޱȵĳߡ

ͷ˾޴ֱ䣬ȥѰһƬܹĿռʱûи뿪شʹԾһֱĶѨһֱǿһ֮еϢ֮ȳĶѨ֮УͨǵɢϢάĻܣֱҲԺʧȥòȴӳ֮˹

˹ԺҪϵַͨʽռһЩõʣٴνֳ״̬ʱ֪ıܣһֱַͨʽԴֱ䷢Ժ󣬴ڡ

ֻǾһδǳ֮Ժ޷֧ǿľ޷ٳߣٳߵĻֻȥ

ľάܣֹ֪˶ãֱľҲĵߵͷʱͻȻоŵ֮УһɺǿĲǿϢԼľһѶȣϣõǿľ

ȻΪǿӡ

ܹԽķʽܹ֪¼֮ʱȻǲ̫ܹá

ں֪ǣΪʲô𣬵׷ʲôֱ䣬ΪʲôûǳеģֻǺڰͲĶӻ

Ժֻ˵һ֣

˵գǵԨһ˶ȥ

Ӹ󣬼ȫluoƺҲûʲôɬлʲôȴЩŤǽԼϵϡ

⣬ΪʲôҪ·ͺ˳ӵشˣܺӿپñŤ

Ԩѷ죬ĸϲ㣬Ϊ룬˺ܾãһĵԨѾһͷ

ڵԺͻȻǰָֻǺڰԨĳλԴͷǸ˼صĴۣŽӡǵ£ҵʹػȺһλߵĵ

ʲôߣİԨһɱȽϹǽ룬Ĵڡ

Щ漴ӣ˵ߣͳЩͬзĸռ䣬ҽۺϻԭУǬʥ죬ҵȵˣһΪʵ̣޵ʹ

Щص˵ߣòҰɣ

 һ 

һ  

ͷҵĸо񣬵ʱĹ۲㣬ϣӵߵ񣬷ûԽУѾ統еġ

ֻǣֻûͳۺЩӾԽģ֪Խ࣬ԽԻ

ȻӵôһӵбǿͳֻδֳҲ˵ʵûдﵽͬʱҲȱһЩҪ

ʲôҪӵ

ǺڰԨ֮УһԱɫ֮йâתƺԺ󣬲ŵȣҪȡһλµ巽Դ֮

ᵽԴ֮ӵжʱ뵽Դ֮ʼѰ˼ǰµ巽Դ֮᲻ЩԴ֮ĺ棬ѹȪѪӵķӡ

ͻȻ뵽ʲôӿ緢Ĵֱ䣬ǲǸЩйأ

룬ƺЩʲô壬˵˵壬Ҳֻ̫֪ʹģһȺа飬רѪΪʳ֮ظɿݸʴЩֲˮԴɺԣҪǣǵķٶȣľˣȺ֮еĶᱻתΪһԱκε壬⡱

ôһ˵ôҾܹ϶˵Щ飬Ӧþˡ

˵գӿǺڰԨоܲƽȣӦþһӡҲѹӡĵطɣ

ʵ类Щֻǻ޷糹׵ıģλһߣеĿռγռ䣬ʹ鱻תƵռ֮ԺŽ磬ͬЩȫݻ١

⻰ɫݣܹƿռӵзյǴ˵֮еž߱

˵ʼ˵Ϊ֮е̣类ԺߵίУػЩӡʱһ飬ͨлȺһλߵĵûɵԸֲź

ЩҲãλߺΰһλֵ˳羴Ϊ飬Լ

תӣһλǰңЩĿռ֮¹һЩЩǿԸ޲ЩռĵۣҪһҪռеĹԺ󣬲ӵܹյ֮ʱܹõЩ飬Ҫһռ䡱

Ӳ⣺ΪʲôΪʲôǣȴҪһռ䣿

Ҳʹ⣬ֻǸңЩҲ壬ֻҪвĿܣЩ޷׵ģԽ࣬ĻʾԽԶ²裬һռ䣬ƷԼǣƽ

ƷҲֻ飬˵ʲôˡ

û

Դҵˣᾡһǰһλߵ־

ЩǰԺҲþȣֻͷһһʣһֱػ⴦ӡô᲻ռ֮УҲķӡػ

ҡͷݻٵ磬ЩԴ֮أѹŵģ֮ǿĶ˵ռ֮Ҳ飬Ӧڴֱ䷢ռ䱻֮ʱӰ쵫ûзЩ˹ȥģЩΪǡ

ӶʱҲûǰԨ֮пǷӡĴ㣬ֻǵķӡ᲻ɶĿܣǰһλߣʲôǷӡģ

ķӡÿһʱͻһɶҲӡЩռĲĦӰ죬ƫƿռĹ켣ÿһηӡƫ֮󣬶ռ䲨ʹӡ֣Ϊ쳣֮еЩ֮ǾԷԼ壬סӡռ䣬άķӡᱻơ

ӷ֣֮Уǰĺͱ˵дʣԺ󣬶õ˽

һ˵ŵĻƫƵķӡռ䣬Ӳ뵽Ǹ˵֮еأڵ˵ļΪơ

ֻû뵽ؾһӡռ䣬ЦǷ˶ΪǧһΣǴԵıء

뵽ͻȻһ£ԣÿһʱ⴦ӡɶôӦþһǧһΣһ˵εķӡɶʱ䣬ܿҪˣÿķӡɶʱôķӡĻʽͣ

̾˿ļΣҶܹԼѹһʱ䣬ȷӡռƫƵʧԺҲˣǺԽԽѹˣΪҳߵĹоͿһգȻһλ߸ʹҲսȥڻس⣬ûа취ֻ֮гڵӰ죬һǻȥҺһֱڳߣķӡɶҲ

ûȵռ֮оޣȷӡɶʱ䵽ˣٻΪһֱӵ

㲻֪Ŀռ䱻ȫˣⲿռγɵУǽҲȥģҲֻӵˣܹԽյǼʹǿҲġ

ˣںΪʲôʼոӦҲεĳԶҲԭԭ𰸾

ͨеĻ֮Ҳ֪ԼֵõЩռĴˣǸ鷳ˣȻ˰ţôҪ취Щ鷳

룬ӵȻˣôҵһҪ飬ҪȻǿռ䵱Уȡ巽Դ֮СһȥɣȻûӡǿôĿܵġ

ܾã飬ĪĹȪѪӵĴڣҲһռݵռ䣬ƿǸռԺôӦûӰ쵽ķӡ

һЩǻۣǲһҪƿķӡȱڳȻİ취ҲȪѪӣǵһͻƿڡ

ȷʵѾܸ߱ߵǻۣҲûʶģȻҪ˻ȥôǣֻҪȥĻҵһС

 һ ־

һ  ־

ҪҵһܻȥЩ졣

Ժڰ֮⣬Ψһҵһλ

ĶǴδ

ڵʷѾңԶˣʹĶǧӵĻҲʧȥԭĹá

ӻò졣

ȴ˵ʵ˵õĻ˵İģ˾òҪǾͲѰˡ

⻰£ʵȻаõ˽ĻὫ࣬ǻҰɡ

ͻȻعͷ˵ʲô

־

Ŷţ漴ͣס˽Ųת˵ʲô־

Щ˼飬Ȼ͵֪־ЩΪ־ĴڣҲǵУͨ飬Դ֮Ƿɻȡ־Ǻôġ

ֻ־ʲôֻһ־ƣѰҵ

͵ˣ־ʵҲǰһλµһǿ־־Ԩѷ죬ʹر˺Ѻ󣬲ŽЩ뵽Ԩ֮Узӡġ

ӾǴʱƽľҲ̲ס첨̲ס˿

־룬ֱģǺεǿ־ԼڵʵȥӴɿ

֪ʱеĺ˼룬ֻ˵ҪѰ־ʵҲѰֻҪѰյĹѰңͨЩ־Ĳҵµǹ־

ٴε˿ȴ˴ǦʣʶĻǸϽϢЩʹ˵̬Ҳƽ

ⶼǧˣ־Ȼûɢ

̧ͷǻ谵գտһ˿ƣҲһǳȴһƬ谵

Ȼ䣬ԶʣһͻȻ˸£һɽ֮ϣʹĿȼܴķҲΪѰ־ָ˷

ɵķλ֮ٳƮȥˣ綼־ĲǸλ磬ǿȥǸλ鿴һֻҪҵĹɣǾҵ־

ǸĵطѰȥ



˵ʱϵ֮ɽ֮ϣֻǿΧĽۣԼȼûϨ档

Щ棬ͨʺɫĻ⣬һִŲ۵ɫӳʱֻ棬Щͬ

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ӹ۲Щʱһ£ڵķλһȽңԶĵطһֳ˹ȥ

ӿ龰εҡҡͷֻü񱼣һΣ;һֱĬĬŴŵķλ뷽ŵǵֵķλ¶Աȡ

˵ĳֶĻôķʽ۵¿һҲҲ־

ֵĹǾģôڽ⼸λ¼ԺϵķǱȽ׼־Ĵ׼ȷλá

ֻ˺ܳʱ䣬ҲЩԺ󣬵Ĳٴһֵĵط֮

ûд̽ҲûüϢʱ򣬴ʱһγˣƵʱ֮ǰӼҪԿһЩλǸղгصм䡣

ûа취ֵؿ񱼡

ò׸ϵǸλԺӵģֻһŻǱĿݹǡ

ֻαĲˣЩĿݹǣ⵹Ծһ㡣

ЩݹǣӶﻹеӡģѰʱ򣬾;

ʱȴ˵ˣǰһƬ󺣣ڸɿԺ־ֱȽƵĵطҲôͿԱǹ־һɿݵĺ׵ĳط

ֻǴλж־ĴŷΧ⵹ǽʡ˲;񱼵ʱ뾫

⻰ԺӾƬɿݵĺ󺣵磬ʼ̽־



˴Ų֪Ƕ೤ʱ䣬ӸоЩ۵ʱʱҲоЩۣϢһ¡

룬ֻкڰ֪ʱţǿ߶оۣô˵ǹѰ־õʱ䣬Ҳ̡

˾һϢһ֮󣬸о״̬һЩԺӿѾһߵȺˣûдŵǱȻλ⺣ף⺣ʮֵֹƵʼߣҼ£ÿֵķλвԣҲ˵ģңǲнġ

˵ǣҲڿ⣬ҵЩĵĻа취ˣֻܡ

ȵȣղ˵ģͻȻǷĿһЩʯͷ棬ķţ

˵ţӱȻ˼¡

֮۾һѵЩģ֮һֹţר־ʱʩõһǱڵ

⻰ԺӻȻһĶͷ˵֪ˣҳʱ㣬һɽһ嶥ʱҿЩʯͷзģ;ú棬о£ΧҲһЩãһʽһôһ˵϶ˡ

ʱҲѵ¶΢ЦþһСһ˵߰ɣЩģһܹҵǹ־

ӵ˵ͷ

һأĿԺ󣬶˵г̾Ͳжô

ܿ죬ӴҵʱǸɽ㴦

תת˼зĵʯͷ˫ְ棬Ȼעһ뵽Ƿ棬ӾͿһĻ

ͼЩıעԺ󣬾ͽʼͷĲλȻһЩʯͷЩȫƴһϴķġ

ǸϴķԺе۵ʱʱͻȻ˼

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ĲʱʱӾһ¡죬ͺڶ䱻ͻȻ˴һӶ䶼˲졣

ӣһѱٶ䵽Ƿ֮УЩзĵʯͷ˷ĩ

һĻԺϲ˷ܵصˣҵˣռдзĵЩʯͷҪһĽģɢص־ȫ

һչжʼΧʰȡЩзĵʯͷ

ÿ񵽴ʯͷԺ󣬾ͼע棬ȻٿʼãҲֵһЩҪעٸ

ֻҲҪֹˣ򲻿ɣ־ǿûǱʵȷһȡǹ־ʱҲֲ

ţֻգĴߣЩзĵʯͷ

 һ ɰٴ

һ  ɰٴ

˴ʱ䣬ΧеĴзŵʯͷ۴С˿Źļ˻ԺעһϰƽҴһȦ

ô޴ʽв룬ղֻһССķȦôǿ˴ķȦеԽɽΪƽء



Ѱ˼ʱ򣬴ʱһ¡ʼĴһЩ磬ڸɽ֮ϣʯ䣬ضɽҡ

ƺֻǰ࡭

ţһɹɸǿĺ¡ʼ﷽ԲķΧ֮ڲ

ӿǷȦеһܴķĵȫķȦԺ󣬴ʱ޴ķȦͳ׵ı

һΣļ֤ʲôǻص־ǹӴ־ڱǸȦȫ˹ԺγɵĲѹӼҪϢо־֮£С΢Ĳһϣ̼ܱ

ˣҪֿ־ֻѹܲ˵ģֱӻġʱɫ죬ѡ

ǣҪų־ϮӶٻЩģǾͺñǷſػñ˿˽˽֮Щʲôһܻ˾òڡ

ǹѹԽԽ֪⾳֮ųĻᱻ־ĭ

֮󣬴ʱӷɿľ֮УԼֻǻԼǿգѲÿһǳ䣬֮Ӱ

ͬǰһΣһǹ̾͵Ĵ֮ϣÿ߹һطǳǹΪ·ͨǻԻ͵Ⱥޱ֮е񷹬

Ҳľ֮УӴʱͻȻ͸оǹ־ڿʼ֮ʱѹЩ޼ҿɹĺӣ໴ڿ£ϣõĳ谮

ʱͻȻʴ䣬ƺȫһ֮۾֮У˸һĹâ

߲ž߱Ǳʰ⾳ռ䣬Ƭʱ֮еľ־Ҳֻеһѹָ֮䣬Ϳ˺Ƭգ־֮ܶѭķˣߡ

ŵͬʱʱеĶҲûֹͣӲ֪֮䣬õķȦʱһ䣬һЩͽӰǷȦλãӴʱȴһԳԼ⾳֮С

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޾ڷȦγ֮󣬱㿪ʼ£ľ죬ŴݻһеĻ־

ǣȴԾվǷȦģ־ۼĵӣȴ˿δˣⲻ˾ù졣

˵İţܹҵﻯ⾳£Щ־ҲζţҪߵ·һ̣Ѿ̾͡

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޾磬ʱȫ£ƬȦ֮УŻһе־ΧѾһƬǽ壬ǱһԭӵǴĵشһ㣬һжᱻ

ʱվһõһССķȦУ˫֣ЩڲǷȦеĹâҲԽԽ˵ܵǹ־Ӱ죬ƴļţʱСľпҪߵСȸ

־ʵĶ

ڴʱ˿̣֮ее־ڱ£ԺӵͷϿգѾγһ籩Уǹƾ£֮γɵһУɢĴһƬʯ

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׾У籩֮Уʱ翪ʼγһɫɢʮֵľ޴󣬾ͺе־Ҫۼɫһ

ԭѴʱ뾫ҪѰҵ־ʱ˿̣ȫССС

һСըĻһκӶѱԺľͺ˱ը

Ӵʱû˼龰վǷȦУȻľѾ⾳ںΪһ壬־Ҳܳ־ܹоһޱȾ޴ѹһɽһسѹ

˵СҪһɽѹο֪

ѾϣܲסҲóĴۣӴʱѾ˲ȥʱѾȫ⾳֮еǾ־׻Ǿ־ȸǾ־ԼǾ֮־γɱ˳

ĿģΪ˶Կ־Ϊ˰ǰһŰ֮ģؿʼ־⺣ɰٴѪˮķʽ־Լ⾳ʹΪ־һӡ

ΪӵҪǹ־ʹôʱ־ʮֵĻԾǱĸ׺ŻؼҳԷʵѾ˵ĺӣȲҪصдˡ

ǹС־󣬿ƻȴһֵٶȣӿų־ѺĽӴҪ뵽⾳֮

ǶӶԣᣬȻܵˣȴᣬС۵־̫ǿˣֻŵ־ŷӴ֮־˲漴С֮¶һ磬Ȼӵϡ

ӵʥ屻ÿǰǿ󣬵֮Ҳֻǽ˺٣ƤһƬ

ȻӿǱӶԣֻ˶ѣںʱǣŵ־СӴ󣬽ڲϵر־֮ٴų־֮УȻҲ˼־

һ˲䣬ͻȻãտҲֵˣΪѾɹȡһֵ־뵽Լ־ˣҲҵ̺ڡ

˾֮ܣʱһǱǿXģܵ˿֮󣬷ȥӭϣӵͷų־Сϵ

ڱСǿXԺǹɱСй־˻֮⾳֮֮ٴαַ˳ȥС

ҵ˹֮С־ͬʱ⾳֮е־ҲԽԽǿ󣬷С֮ϵĵȴʼڽ

ֱСֻ΢ĵ绨˸ҲŲʱȫռϷ֮ʱûʹ⾳֮е־ǽųֱӭС򣬽Сû

 һ һ˿

䣡䣡

Ƿ˴ըһ㣬һȻ徲ˣ



ʱӷһʹƺߣǿа

ǴըķȦУӿǱΣǱһһƬڣѪģ

ʱȻ**֮ܵ־˺ӵ־⾳ԼһͷŵķûС̺֮־֮δܵӵ־С˲䣬ÿǰǿ

ؼǿһӵ־֮֮Уʹӵ־ٴεõ׳ǿ

ķ־֮󣬸ӵҲʹ쾳磬ͣ˺ܾõڶ׶δﵽºȡ־ӵеǿֱ֮ƿ赲ӵͣͲǰһεıϣʹ쾳һ׶Ρ

ֻҪȵܹظǿܹ϶ΪһԺͻ֮ռƿǿ֮

ȷ׵Се־ԺҲ֮ϵǱջ˷뱾

ʱǷȦ־ŰѾưܲʣǵļĻ΢΢Ĺ

ûԼ֮ϵЩƤˣתѰӰͼʱڷȦһܶݻ٣ݲƽĴһ̨ϣϣҲб˺ֻۣҪӺһЩֻƺ֧Ųס־Ӱ˹ȥߵСȦҲɢһ˿

˹ȥӽ̽ϢԷ

ӣ

֮ʱתѹǱӣˣû°ɣ

û£ֻƤˣĻĹŻָ־ģ뿪ֶӻһӲܳ׵Ļָ

΢΢ЩĵվǷȦֻʣһ˿ĵĹƺҪɢˣ²˳٣ǷĻЩã뿪ɣ

⻰ӵô㲻Ըһȥ

ˣڵȻȡ־֮ǿ˲٣㻹޷뿪ң񣬲˳ĴԽУֻ˵׸

Уôܻ޷ָ޷ø÷ʽά̸θߵ־жôѣҶҪߣ

ˣ

ӣ۲֮УƺĳĪ΢΢Щʪգǵ˵ͷ

ӼӦǸȦУˣһ֮ɣڴǰ˲ĹĹ

˵գ˫ֱţųһǷ֮ϣͼǷٴ˹⻪֮ǰͬ

ţǷȦԺһͻȻ

Ӹܵǹ̺֮ƺҪĳֹһ㣬ʮֵǿҲӲٴ˽⵽ʵֵĹԺ󣬶ǿʵǿʢʱڣ֪쾳ȫûпɱԣҲ˵ľ磬֮ĳ統С

ȻͷҲԺ֮һǹĴ֮£Ƕ˴ʱȫǷȦ֮ŵʹΧһƬģеģҲֻǷȦŵĹâ

ӸоԼڶ岻ظоʼãĴ֮£֪ʱˣ񣬰⾳֮еǹ컯ִԼָĿ꣬ȻڵѪ㿪ʼҵķڣһɹ״Ѫ֮䣬־϶ΪһγһŤ

ɲǼ䣬ӱһ޵״̬֮Уֳֻ֮󣬼ûг׵ĽޣٴμǿѪ͹ǿϵһ֮ڽ״̬

ڶͬʱ״̬֮ʱ컯֮еǾ컯Ϊ꣬Լ֮ǹ΢ĸӦϵΧγһɾҵŤ֮󣬰ŷȦеǹɳĹ⻪˲ʧĺڰ磬ǷȦƬڰһ˿Ҳ˲ʧ

ɽۡ

۴ۺ컯Ȼһʥһ㣬Ʈɽ֮ϵ֮ϣ֮УƮ죬ʥׯϡ

컯Ĳ֮СƲһ̨֮ϣһֱݣʼվΪʼǣһ¡

֮еҲͬˣÿǵоۻʱǶ᲻뵽Ǽ£ʹÿεľۻգޱȵأÿ˶ء

ũʥ֮ȻƲ߼λ治һ컯򣬵Ʋ߾ۻᣬϵ롣

ÿһεն˵أÿȻἰȴһֱ룬Լũϵ飬㿴Ʋߵ붫ַˣȴȻûвҲʧˣѵλ㲻˿

⻰Ʋҡͷ̾Ӳڸ컯֮УǸ㲻Ҳ˿оĴڣʧһ

շ½½˵ǰڳĮУһɺǿĵɳǱԴ֮ͲˣʹİʵǿҲⱾԴ֮ʧȥֻ̽ĺͶַѪϢ

Ժ󣬹׵㣬ǵ컯ѾȷˣȻǵЩܾ֮ǿ£ŵĻǱԴ֮ȻʧˣΪ컯֮е컯ȴڣ

ƲߵȻڣǱԴ֮һҲڣ֮һֺϵֻǵʵޣ޷ֱͨѰҵЩԴ֮ټҲ͸ؼķйأܷԼǱԴܷ֮ԼܾãⱾԴ֮ʧкܴĹ

˵ƲͻȻɫһӦȽʲô춯üͷ֮춯

ֻ˵꣬ʱ¡һƫͻȻ䷢˾ҵҡΣ˾һũѵǿ

ȥ

Ʋ˵ţƮȻƫҲ漴ϡ

˶ԺȴһȣǷִʱ컯컯֮ͻȻһ֮ٴ˳

֮Ȼûгο֮ʱǰأ֮󣬾ֱָһط˿ô档

Ʋ߿֮ķλͻȻһһйأ죬һ·λ

ţǱĬĬ֮ķλ׷Ѱ

ã֮ʧ֮Ҳ۾ź˵ֵ֮ʱ󲨶ǿңҷλǼ֮أǸطЩģʲôţ֮⴩͸˲䣬ҵܱ߻ڻƣ

һQ

:䶯ƼʹQQǩ

  

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ˣˡ

һϸĺӵ֮䣬һ֮ڴǻ״̬˼֡

ֻǵãеʱռ֮ܽʳɷ顣

ڵʱΣյĻ֮£Լӵл

ϣ״̬£ֳǣס֮󣬼ľȫѪŴγɵ

ڳ˳ԺѪĹ󣬴Ӷʧȥ֪

ʱ˿̣󣬸оԼû֪һ㣬ֻ͵־ܹܵһɹŸ

ȻܹܵǺܹܵĸô˵Ѿˣο

Ժ˵ʲô

ǵͷȥͼ廹ڵϣѾǿݸɱ񣬱ѪģҲ̶ãڵѪ֮Уôһ˿ѪڻţѪ㣬Ļʮֵ΢˾Ѿȥһ㡣

ͨ˿Ѿһʬˡ

ԭԼķлָԼ壬ȴеǿӰ죬ټԼľȫѪӶڳʱܵˣüΪҪָ

תȥͼҲȫһƬǽ壬˺ۣɫ֮УҲż㲣ȻҲᡣ

ʵǿĻָھ֮󣬶˵龰֪ʱǶôΣգ

ʱվӵҲߵӵķǰˣ֮ǰǴкҼ֧Ųסӵе⾳Աǿķ뱾뿪ҪʱڻܽзںϣĻʹزס⾳ء

ӵͷ̧۴ĴͼΧһƬ谵ʲôûУԼֻվһзĵ̨ϣΧһƬҰ磬һյĿռһ㡣

ӴܱߵĻˣӦĳռĺ棬ǳԺ״̬Ҳʧ֮ʣҸоһӶʹǾҾһĿռ䵱µżйء

£ֳ˻谵֮ƺûг֮ĴڣǱվǸзĵƽ̨ȥͼķģǱĺɽ֮ϿЩơ

ֻǣָоԼҪȥһҪõЩģЩĵ壬֪ʹЩģüͷ

ˣЩĶǺķţʹõŴͬҸΪǿûв´Ļµһʥĺ֮УֻҪܹ򵥵ʹЩģܿʥǳȥ

ӵֻҲЩʹã

˲صģһЩȻûдﵽľ磬֮ʱӴһЩ򵥵ķģ֮ͨеķοһЩ򵥵ķģ֮ͨġ

˵Ļ𾳽磬ʲôľ磿ӵ

һһʱ֪νЩΪ֪Щ룬˵ľ磬ѾƿأʼӴһЩ֮дڵʱռķԼݱ򣬵ܹ֪ЩİԺǾߣܹƿ붨޸ģﵽ̶Ժ󣬾ߵռ磬ߡ

ЩԺŻȻ룬˵Щ磬Ӧǵ֮ԺҪĽ׶ˣĿǰ쾳׶ľ磬ȻܽӴôԶľΡ

ˣ˵ľĿǰȻӴЩķģЩµʥУϵķģֻҪܹʶЩģܹ򵥵ʹãԿռȥˣԺķģôʹʥ͵ӦˣʶʹЩġ

˵ţߵƽ̨һ˵һָĵӡķĵˣ⼸ģΪ߶õģҲ˵ֻҪܹģôͿԲٿʥˡ

ӿǸģͼǼ״ܵĲУеųһͣеǡϡͣЩʲôķģܽṹôӣֱģЩЩԺ󣬵ǰ˽͡

֮Ӳ֪Щ˽͵ķĶԲҲѭ˵ЩķϣַǸеϡ͵ķ棬עԼһȥ

ӷȥעһ֮󣬾֣ǷĶʱƺһɺǿӷ˻ڣƺ⾳֮йһȦֻ֮صǷ֮УӶʱ͸оǷĸԼһиУԼԶͶʹ⼸ˣָо

ӺܿͶ⼸ĵĴ֮ҵܶģֱӽһϸĽͽ̵

˵ʱ䣬սܿȫѧ֮ҲЩĵһЩ򵥵Ĺɡ

ЩĶһֱ﷽ͬĽϣԼеķʽͬЧͲͬ

Ӷʱ뵽ˣǺ⾳УǳЩķʽϣôЩǳ֮Ӱ죬½ͬΪͨһĴš

ӽԺ˼ӣӶܹ֮󣬱˵ǻӦܹʹЩʥռˡ

ӵ˵ͷǼռķļȻ㿪ʼʹ־ǷĵĹ֮ɲǼ䣬ռʱһŤͬʱƽ̨֮ϵһַʱҲͻȻƺϣʼһЩı仯

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ʱĲŤ֮Уһ΢ɲʼռ֮нӿǹɲ֮УӸоǰ棬ƺһεţǱ˵ͷı壬һſ粽



ͬʱŲ

޴ʱ֮нλظĸͽɭ֮ǰ⸽

˰죬ûо쵽ֵĲ׳˵ں棬˵ǰ棬ݡ

Ǿ۵ļҵʱ򣬴ʱͻȻ䷢һҵĲҡΣǷ˾޴ĵһ㣬λǾվȣͬʱҲɫ䣬ͬʱһֽеţô£֮С

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޷طǷĴڣΪУｨԺ󣬾ͽΪӶʹǵһգǵű־

ǧһƫƣӶ⼫֮ܵĻҲ˼ı仯

صĵ֮ڣǷԱıŵĸɿݴء׵ԭʼɭ֣Լ̲΢ͨ*ǳ롣

λظĸǵһӴǷ֮ˣһֱ֮̽İأûоͨ͸֮

УЩĿռ䣬ǵطǸ޷ĵط鲼һɼǿ־ЩǾȥʵ

ҲˣУĵطΪأ׼κ̤벽̨ͨҲֻһ˲ʸʵȥ˸ȥ

˵ĿУ֮Ȼǲ֪֪ӵеľ޴һҪȾ͹֮ĹؿǷǳȫġ

ټƾõʷУδֹʲô춯ЩŻΪ쳣Ӧ淢ʲôǴδ뵽ʲô⡣

ڴʱ˿̣еĸɫ䣬ǹɾҵĲڲʼ֮󣬵ʼھҵҡ֮ʱǲʶ˷һµ飬ڲ˾޴ķŻʹִδֹĶǶʽ춯

ھҵĻζ֮Уͨ*ҡӰǺ޴һǧʷˣפеŵӣֲ缸Ρ

ʱ˴ģֱ䣬ͨ*ҡεʱʵ΢еӶǾҵĻζ֮дϵȥ֪Щ߲ˣΪù

еߵȶҲž񱻵һһص䵽¸ĺǱɭ֮Уǽء

ȥ飬쳣ǧδֹ˾޴ֽ٣ҵԭ򣬽ų

ţʵǿܹסƽ⣬ۿеЩ˲ǱˤȥһζʱײΰصģȫʧȥƽӶȥȻһЩֶԣˤȥûʲôΣգͨһЩ˶ԣƶˤȥǲҲˡ

һνѣ˽޴أһ٣ҲԪԲɵ޴ŭĴ߲Ѱԭ

ʱҡʮֵľң޵ЩãЩظĸʵҲȽǿԶĸ֮̽ţЩʵϵһЩΪ˱ƴܣϣʱ뿪Ҳ֮顣

ʱ˫ͨ죬ǶвһЩ֮в̽û˿߲㣬ٴδŭһȺ̰ķ 
ţޱѸٵ߲ٸȥ

ϵʱͻȻоһʮǿΧţӦǹ̨֮ͨǸռ֮УϴλӵӰӵʵȻûдǸء

ռس쳣֮д󺧣ɫ䣬ʱǹǿԽԽǿһһɺǿųҪ̽Żûпһɼǿĳ֮£ߵķһ㣬ɳԶݺݵײһ֮ϡ

һǿҵĲӰ죬޸оѪڣûüƽϢʱһɸǿĲģʼӿĸΪ

ΣǾôˣĻҵ

ǹʮֵǿ󣬷·Ҫ˽ȥһ˻֮ʣֻʱ̨ͨһƮȻƮȻڰ֮УڲϾҲͨ*ķ·һҲݺݵһ

ʱ֮ӿǹ̫ǿҲѷ׷˳⣬ʵ쾳֮ϵģƮڰ֮ϣһ㣬ɫȻž*ķŭ

Щ쾳µģǴ¾ﴦƽ֮ϣÿ˶ŲӣҲͬЩʧš

ڲΧĴڲ˵ģҲڲͣ

̳ʱ䲢̫ԼвһҲʱ䣬أͨ*ĲʼƽϢ

Ǿͨ*ĲƽϢеǾɴ۾龪ƶųһĹԡ

ĹԣʱʱǾǲ˼ط֣ȻڿʼԶСԭֱƶ˵ĸ߶ȣܿͱγһɽĸ߶ֹ֮ͣ

仯ʹǵĺҲѾֹͣˣ۾Ҫͻ벻ͨ⵽ô¡

ǽţǵ۾ٴεɴˣ֮ŵĹŹ֣ǼҪ

ʱͼ춥֮УǹɹԽɢȥ֮ʣһǶ̵ֱ۾ۣǵӦԺȴǾط֣ǵʧ֮󣬾ͳˡ

ǲӦˣǹ

˵Ļôܴռ֮гҪ֪ǧδֹЩ쳣ǵĻôˣǧꡢϹˣڣ

뵽Щµٴε˿

Щеǿ־һʣҪĤݡ

ǣʱƮڰ֮еЩĸǣԼ޵ˣȴ룬һ˻Щӿˤ𾪿֪

ˣȻǽɭ

Ϊ˵УȻ˺ۣƤڣ˿Ǵӻǳһһ߷ȴû˿Ӱ졣

߷ɭӡΪ̣˭

𾪵ǣôռصУȴһ֪ڣġ

ԱߵǸŮˣɭڿʱԼҲɵڸŲţǲǿ־壬Ϊ־Ѿʧ

Ǻ֮ļǿѹȻųһ־Լ쾳ʵǰСıϻ硣

ˣ˭ʵִﵽһֲֿľ磿

ʱе˻ҲѾʧˣʱ۾ҪͻˣҿǸŮˣΪǸŮ˸ǿ壬˿ڽɭڴʱĸܣҲˡ

Ŀ⣬ȴӵϣľ֮УѾû˷ŭͿҪɱйߵĳ嶯ʱУġ

Ȼûмӣ꣬עˣﻹһӵĻټµӰ벻ʶѡ

˺ܾãڻǴＷСӣô֮ȥģ

仰ʳиǴʱ

 һ ûʲôýͣ

һ  ûʲôýͣ

Ǹռ֮еķģڿǸռ֮ͳһεţŵʱ򣬾͸оһǣţȻؾͳˡ

ԺȴеٵĿ⣬ˢˢ˹ЩĿ֮Уһǿҵ벻˼顣

Ľؿռ䣬Ӻ͵µһƽ֮ϣʱվֻҿ˿Щ˵ʵͣǳŵӡ

ǻûеعͻȻһͷϷ

֮󣬲̧ͷ￴ȥͼͷϿƮżλ쾳֣һˣӾȻʶⲻЩ졣

ǽɭô˵ǳ֮еġ

Ҳ˵Ȼλµһʥȴŵռǧ֮꣬

ԼǸշĿռгӦҲǸҧгԼ˵Ľˡ

ˣϷЩ嵱У˶㻳кǿĵ⣬ǵ־ҪҪ֣ѵǸҶ˲ࣿ

Ϊѧ˵˼룬֪˵ʱһ㣬ϿЩ˸龪ЩǺεǿ־ֻ赭дһ仰ЩʧأվԱߵСȴ˿ûС

ǸЩ˾ǣλֲǿߣȻСˣСӵʵֻ쾳֪ףŮˣ֮ڵĳεУȻˣȻ̴ӣ⡭

˴ʱоԴҪˣƺˣ֮У˿벻ͨ⵽ôһ£ǸǿΪ磬Ȼоǿ߿˵̴ӣ絽ôˡ

ǸŮˣֲ룬һСǸŮˣʹǸŮ˶̤ء

ܹݵʵǿŮˣʣǸûǸҲӶ淴ӳСӵжˣҾʵĿǰˣ³ͼλ׸ܹ֮һƴ˭Ķ֣

ʱټǸǿŮˣ¾һӿϣҲøȫû³˵ĻҲ㱻ˡ

һЩҪǰֵˣջ˼ü˳

Щ׸УЩ˵Ѱ˼ЩȨµʧ֮󣬾˶ڣǶǸŮһ㣬ٶ඼ûãҸû֪ĿǰʵǳˮֻԼɱ֮

Щ˶Ϻ꼶ͨЩؽԺ󣬵еĽɭͼæӿҲЦݣ˵ԭ컯Ӹ£űԸЩʧ֮´Ǹֻݵط˴ֽ٣ӸǴĽ֮гģ½һ£һ˺

û˵ɫȴԵЩ꣬˵ʲôý͵ģ˵һʥ˴ȻջЩ඼÷

仰һڣһʯǧˣ֮󣬾˿

ÿȻ˵˵һʥⲻô

ʱӵУѾ̲סѪĳ嶯ѿڱôĿΪ˶㡭

ڴ˻û˵ʱ򣬴ʱͻȻŭĿһۣ˵Ѫʮɣײһϣǿײ÷飬漴ͻ˹ȥ

˿һĻٴд

˵ˣ֮еһλٸƽʱţλ׸⣬ٽ˷ʵҲڵؾһףû뵽ֻǱŮ˵һۣˣԲѣǿ֮£ʹҲû˸ҳ˵ˡ

뼸λ׸һĻüͷ壬ǵȨ⣬Ϊ룬ŭŮˣɱĻȫˡ

Щ˻ˣǳɾˣҲ׵ĶŭһЩ嶯

Խɭֳʹ˸ɫ֮ȻЦݣӵӸ£Ҳ֮ˣҲԴԱǧǰ֮ʱǱأλ̴ȴ˵һʥ⻰ȷʵʧ׵ǵ嶯ðҲܵ˳ͷ£Ӹ¸һ͡

ʱԵЩƺҪжӲ֪λ÷꣬ȴֹþ񲨶ôˣ

һɾ񲨶ӣˣǱþҵһ˵ĵط壬ҸоԽԽˣͨҩʯãǵҵƵĶУЩʱ䣬ҲҪо޵

Լ壬Լ⻹ҵԵʣοҲƽ

תһۣҴĽ֮гȷʵѽͣҲҪͣûʲô˵ģλòԳ֡

㡭

⻰еŭӿʹһҪȴɭֹ

ɭһĨ֮󣬱Ӹ£Ȼ㷢һЩͲ죬ҸԶΪ˸Ե棬ĵǺƣȻǰЩìܺͲ죬ⳡϣҽƣԺչ黹кĻġ

һֱָ¶еĶУӶطڿƣ˿ðⲢ֮ظҵ˼

Ȼóɭ˼µˣһϯ֮أԲðãǿƵľȿܹҲûжĹйʲôжƻҲٷӳİϵ֮һ̬ȡ

룬ӾЩҲ˵һɱʤΪһܽ⣬ǱµˣֳһЩϣ֮أӦǵı⡣

ҿ׸ǣµˣ˵˹ܣ֮أʲôҪմȾԽ٣лֵõ˾Խ࣬Աİǰ뷨Ļ鸴յΣǰǿƣȡ

˴εس֮ʣǱֱ䷢ĿˣðջᣬҲûʱǆ£̸ֱʹߴŴﵽ컯ɣս컯һӦ㣬Լɣǡ

˵գӱϷƵģгһֵӣ־Ӹ˽ɭûٿЩһۣͷ֮󣬶˾ƮȻȥ

ɶ˴˴ʧأѵǾˣСδҲ̫ˣ˭ƾһƬӡ

סڣղô˵⻰

ɭһλĻȻһ䣬ǿӣСؽ޵ӿǷľϡƽһ־֪ӵʵˣҾȻܲס

ޱҲЩŭ˽ɭĻ֮󣬰Űɵؾͽӹӡ

ֻŽӹһӦ֮£ɫ䣬漴˵ڳ˾һĻӵ־ȫҵֻǱƴ־ĻҲĶ֡

  Դ֮ˮ

  Դ֮ˮ

˶˵Ƿ𶯺ܴ

λƽʱײβĴʥ¶׿˵˵Ķ֣ô֮У˭ܶԸˡ

һʧ˲أԵģǿҲֻˡ

ң˻һλǿ̴ӣǸղҪֵĻǱŵĽ֡

ǣ׸˵һѰζ˼ͽ컯컯ȡú

ʱλλߵظԼɭЩ߲֮⣬µǣͷԵģʼѰ˼

׸ͽԵúص컯ͿԲµó컯жǿǰİ˵Ļ˵֮⡣

İϵѣص컯¾ͲǶˣԽ׸ˣаͽ֮⡣

ֻж⣬˳ʵǿ֮⣬Ϊλý׸˰ͽᣬѵǴ˵֮컯ˣ



ǧ˪֮ϣѩ

Хĺ紵ڿ죬ɽ쵽ѾǾͷ֮һ޼ʵı

ʱڵ㣬ԶƬɽشǼǣĹ򣬱Ѿ˺ɽһ嶥֮ϡ

ˣܵµһЩѶϢҲѡռ䣬ɽ嶥ϣܸܵãǵһ㣬һƬռ䣬ƬռȼǰȫĿռ䡱

վѩ嶥ϣ˿󣬻һͻȻ֮к֮󣬶ʱΪ֮һᣬϵЩ˺ۣۿɼٶѸٵϻָš

ɨ½µããѩأƬռ䣬ǳ֮Ϊ磬ǿߵãʵܹ磬ˣȴûʵȥǸ磬ԴӾǱ֮ҲŽףν磬ֻҲһƬռ䣬ȴŵģֻ֮֮޷Ϊǿռ֮䲼һ

ֻҪ˴Ƭռһˡ

ȴҡͷҲô˵ģҵĵ·ߵ֮·ôҾбҪΪԺһЩǰڵĴ㣬ҿ⣬ϲȿȫ֣ȻϸĲϸڡ

ҲûʣһϢӱ֮󣬵ˣɣԭܹҵѣǿĻ־ҵĻֻΣܹҵһȻ֮ʯĻҲڵ飬Ҹо۱ʯռ֮һУҾĿռӡпʼɶļˣʱܽӽˣ˵þʵС

룬˵Щռ֮Уµ巽Դ֮һֱڿǣȡ巽Դ֮ôռӡƱػᱻƣڻûӦЩȫ׼Ҳ֮ͨݻΪѰʺϵռ䣬ΪҾãЩռ䣬ܺʣֻûк˰ˡ

֪ҪȥͱҪΣʶҪŽΣ˸ӱܣˣģۻٿռ䣬ܽΣ߲˵ЩǸ޷ġ

˵˼άѸϣ֮ǰǸҸоЩ˵ĵжʶǿЦ˵ǸҸоգȻ˶жУΪʲôǵǸ߽֯⣬ЩСϣҲǸ˴һЩ鷳

ҡͷ㾭֮УӴ٣ǵԶ̫˽⣬ԺӴˣͻףʵ壬֮ǻ׽ģûǰǿ󣬵ǵǻۣ嶼Сġ

ǰ֮䣬ȷʵһЩڣҲ뽫𣬵ǺһЩ֮־ã֯ȻЩɣǻӵǴڵļֵģҷҲûдǶ֡

ȻҵˣҲ壬Ժʲôϣѡ

Ӱ˰ֺããأɫһ䣬Ҳ°ɣµˣûʶΣǶô󣬻ڲթҾбҪǼʶһ£ֻоˣŻʶᵽ֪ʲôз֮ʹ

ھǺڰ֮󣬸ƬռǶãҲҪϧһҪе鶼ҪȥϧǲҪȣҪ֣ҽҪ顱

Ȼˣ˱ȡǱԴ֮ˮɣⱾԴ֮ˮЩ鲻𲻵ѹãⱾԴ֮ˮķܣ˵ǸȪѪӣʵ붼ǱԴ֮ˮȾ֮γɵġ

⻰ӻȻԭˣȻûмʶȪѪʲôӣҲ֪ʲôط֪͸ⲿѾ˴ʵΪƷӡչжû뵽ҪԭǱԴ֮ˮȾɵġ

ҪѰұԴ֮ˮҪЩʱ䣬ӡɶļѾʼˣԵ֮Ҫ˵ָǿʢʱ״̬ʵڵ⾳־ѾȫԽ˱˵ı壬һҪƣʱ֮󣬵˺һԺ˾˳һµ

룬۾úƺĳ־ŵȻˣǰԭɣһҪʯ

ͷؼ֮ͬѡһ۵֮أԼɽƿһףͺǽɽ˺һ漴ͽӵ壬ط˽ȥɽģ澲Ȼٽɽϣ˿˿ĺۼ

ӿ׵ؾͽһɽ˺׵غϣҲûоȣֻǶʵ˸һ˽⡣

֮һ⣬ʻȥ



ԭԴ˵֮Уһ֮ء

зԲǧĴأǶţߡ

еֻЩҵüӣټϻµˮɳľۻʹﵽܹûԼɳӣʱƽ֮ϣвɳӻ֮Уٲ

︽һͱһƬߵأˣǶģеҲֻЩǿܱߵֲҰݡ

ӴݺƬ½ɶֱӴǧշתһƬɿǧĻԭش˰µʱ䣬Ƭ½İıԭ

ǴӶðµʱ䣬ͨˣҪԽЩǧߵأ·;ͨ£Ҫʱ䡣

 һ ԭ

һ  ԭ

Ƭ½֮ϣһֵر෢ĵشÿЩ궼Ƭ֮ϣ˺٣Ҳʮֵƶ࣬½Ƕϱĸ֮еĸȣֱ֮

ԺҲĵ뻷ǶôĸӶӡ

͸оĿռ䲨ңˣĿռ䲨ңǿΪӽĵطҲĺۼȴôҲ²⣬ȪѪӵĿռ䣬ԼռӡԴͷпܾĳ

µۼżǿֱӲⰵԭжϳ֮ڵĳֹ

Ӿú⣬Ǻڰ֮д˻һǵľ

֪Щ֮ǰ֮౻ԾõʷǿʵֱЩռ֮ڵһЩҲͨһЩ˿͸£ı

ȪѪӵԴͷټԼҵĿռ䲨ͺ²⵽ӡĿռɶļ󣬱ȻȴĿռ䣬ȪѪ

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ЩǻۣҲͰҲ֪һϵĵȻصķӡƲôͨȪѪӣҲʵĿġ

ҪƽĻҿռԼǱУĿǰʵǸģֻǽЩ⿼ǹ֮ҲûϾǼ˾񣬷ſǾӦԭϢλ֮󣬱Ǹصشȥ



ԭԹŵַּ̳Ϊά²İ

ⰵĶӻЩռ䲨֪֮λŵĴʼˣȻҲһλдǻ۵ʴȳ֮ˣȻҲǷЩΣｨţΪԸЩ׼

ֻǧڲϷչĹУ𽥸ıĳԣеҲȴŴڵּŪķѣǽ壬ʹϵţ׵ʧȥڵֵ

ڰУҲвԭΪĴںĻԻͣʹԭĵشҲӵһԷĳУΪǳǡ

ǳǣҲԼԭ֮ΨһһԷĴУһΪǹСҵĶǡ

Ӳ֪ŵ̳Ҳ֪Ȼǻͨ龳ʲôط֪Ȼǻͨ龳УһҪҵʯ

ΪĵطͱȻܹҵص

װʮֵĹŹ֣ƤȽϺÿ϶üΪʵܲ͸һͷ϶һ߽ǵĴñӣһЩģǴӴ½ƷģֻһЩʵĴ顣

ŴȻ࣬˿Ŀ⣬Щ֣ЩƤڣ͹ŮˣŪˣ۲Ƶڹ

ǵʱ򣬳ŵǼλһǣǴɵЦһ飬ǰӵؽͽ˳ǣ͸ӾЩΣѵˣˣ˵ô

ӽ֮󣬴Щ˵Ŀ֮УǷһ˿ߣϴ·ڴԺðģǺ֣ͨٿЩ˵ĴţôһԱȣԾǮˡ

ʵϣӵϣһëǮûУڵľ磬ϲóԶֻǿͿԡ

˲ôˣ϶ΪĴͷлһ٣òˡ

ﻹһֵӷ֣е˾书ձ鶼ʦϵĳ̶ȣʱģ洦ɼģʦϵˣЩʥˣȴһֱһС̯ϣΪһСƷڸ̯ߵּۻۡ

ѵ˶ӼĻⲿ֮£֮ʦϵƽô

Ӧò̫

ԽֵӾԽΣǳǣ²Ǳ濴ֻһ򵥵ĳС

Ӷʱ²⵽¾ΧԼɵһȦӶγԷĳС

ǳǣŵһ£ЩգŵײĳԱ

һ²֮ٿЩˣ뷽ŲͬˣҸ̰Ƶİڣָı⡣

ʵѾˣھȦУЩǸʲô˼ҲȥЩ־ͿϣֱӴȥ˳Ǵ

ⴱſڹŸӣΪժ¥ſɭϣʦ˳䵱վ¥£¥Թ˵λѡĲǳۣ֮ÿԽ۲ʯпܲĵλá

˵գ˿ûſڵǼüͷԹ˾Ҫȥǰ·վס˵Ȳý롱

ÿʱͻȻǰһۣͺһǺһľЩʱǱ紵ߵĿҶһ㣬ײǽǽ֮ϣѪ˹ȥ

һɵĳЩһˣǸ޷ܵģ˺ǵټӵĸ룬ԿסˣûֱӺǡ

ӱ鵭ҲûЩˣԱƿ¥˽ȥ

¥徲õҲܱ£±ǸĴûˣֱ¥϶ȥ

¥ʱͻȻһλɫŮվ¥ݿڣ۲ת䣬ëգգӣüʲôˣΪʲôҪôժ¥ҵ

ӴŮˣòȷʵ˵Ϲɫ㣬쵰۾Ҷһ˵صʵװͻԷģƤһСɫü֮仹һɹ˵̬ҲֳһŮ˵ķ顣

ֵһģŮ˵ʵȻǵؾһס

ŮˣֵطȷʵǾɫˣӿ֮ʱȴҲһߺfenðˣ鵭ĮǰߣȻˣôطС顱

ƺûнһ㣬ڼ¥ͻȻоһɺǿѹƵòó¥ݿڡ

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뵽۾գգ˼֮˵ժ¥ĵطС£ҲҪĹء˵ţڲתԱ߰õһƿ

  ԹĴ

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תĻƿһء

õСʵͲˣûᣬԼеĵطȥ

ںβǸɣ漴ֿ˿Լƺطͬ΢΢üͷԭŮӰ

ͻȻ俴֮ϸһ֮£ȴǸӾЩҵٴתԱߵĻƿ

ɿ˻ּ֮æϣ㲻ð׷ĻˣСɵ㻹ֱȥøǿܹĸֱһЩ

˵ţҲûԸ¥ڵૣ̬ǱŤֻǱԭӣ˲ϲţȽһ°ɡ

¥֮漴ع첽¥ſڵһλתѣ߻Ը㣬ǰȥ֪ͨѳϣٵժ¥һˣ˵ʮ֮£

վǰȻЩ⣬Ӧ󣬱汼ȥ;Щײһǽ

ɿӣüͷûǲ׵Լȥ



ϵժ¥Ķ֮Ȼģۿǳ΢ۣ֮ǳԺǳգ۾

ǿʢ֮ʱ۵һһȷʵǸõط

ӴǳʱԹ˾漴ͨǳ֮⣬쵽֮Уǹ⵱۾ʼɨƬԭĴģѰǸʯй֮ء

ֻɨƬԭĴʱʱͻȻһ

Ƭ֮У֮УǵĹâŵʮǿңһǳš

һĻɨ°׻ǵְ׻Ҳ֮ڻţţѸٵҵޱǣ뵽ޱ֮С

ӵ뵽ޱǵĺ֮ԺƬؾʱ֮֮е˼֣ǰĴ֮еǺͰ׻ǻ۵ǳ֮⣬Ҳ˼֣֮֮͵Ҳûǰǰʢ

ԺӶʱüͷԭʶȡ׻ǵֻ֮һֱûй£û뵽©ȻǸһ˿Ӱ졣

֮ͬͨǳ֮ǻ֮֮Уķλǿջ۳ͨķǶۣޱ֮עһɺܴǻ֮ͨޱǣԸЩȥǳǻ֮ʹ»

֮൱ɵǳ֮ȡľʮֵ

񣬾Ȼڵȡ⾳ռǳͨķͶ֮ͺñһλддһС˵ȴ͵ȥҵ;Ϊ൱ɳܵģӾ޷͵ʵΪ

ʶ±ô֮ջ񣬶ԱҲھڵôǻ֮ȡ£Եûѵʱ䣬ΪһҪŵҡ

ǣˣκ˽ӽⴱ¥ġ

֮ٴγ񣬽뵽֮У񶼽ޱǵɺ֮Ժֱӱ㽫ȫûһ˿ȫͶ뵽֮۵ĺ֮С

ʱǺеһɴǻ۳һõӰͻȻһ£ͷüĴǿޱǺˣʱҲųһʰ쵵Ĺԡ

ȫ뵽ɴǻ֮۳壨עֻһתƣΪֱһЩŻݣԺҲͬʱһֱ΢ŵ۾ǹãɲǼǺӡ

ʱ񷵱ľ۾˲䣬Ⱥ譲ҫ

֮ķλͶӰǳ֮⣬ӵ貶Ŀ

ڴʱƮ뿪֮ĺĵУʱǺӵĹâӵĳңʱλ׻ȸǱ۳ĸҲͬǴǻ֮ɵĸ壬һֱң䵱Ļ

߳ޱǵ֮ɲǼǺ֮еǳ֮⣬ȫۼ

ÿһǹΪ̾һǹ·ǺӣϵĵȺǶգԵѲǺ֮ʣǺӷ

޵Ƭǿ֮УԺ֮ǻ֮Ӱ죬Щ΢ǳʱâ䡣

ֱǵǺ֮УȻһָһɴǻʱͽǵǺɢŸǿҵĹâ

ͨȡǺƺűһ㣬ָ֮ǳڷ΢ƫƣʿһžָԭЩ̶·˸ģǹĸӵܣκ˷϶ꡣ

̣˵ܼ򵥣ԶԣʵǺһ̣˶Ǿ²֮˰׻ޣҲɽ԰׻˲

ֻǿղͬǣĲȴǳ˹ԣһ뵽׻ǿյеÿһǳᷢǿҵķɣһһֱ׻γһ뷴ԼǿУЩ͵԰׻ǻ֮ģֲúȥ

æصҪ²ǿ֮ûдظȸǴǿգҲͬǿսΪܵĲ



ͬʱӽȫͶ뵽ޱ֮˵еǸǻ֮壬ǻ֮µĲͬʱ

صغ֮УҪҵȻǻͨ龳

ʱȻǻͨ龳ĺ֮Уһλȫǹֻһģĸݣ뷢ԿҪеϵӰͻȻ˳

ϵǹʱͻȻ俪ʼ֣ͷǵҲɲ֮䣬ͻȻɢһա

ʷ֮λüͷ뼫ͻȻܵĳӰ죬Ȼ۾ǹ䣬ֳһƬʹ֮ɫҲ۵һһŨ

֪֮ʲôԭɵģͻȻγɵǹܲ͸һǿҲ˿֮ЩЩ֮ȥ

Ҳ׵ʧȥеĸӦϵ

˼£뵽ʲôѸһ֮

ǵԺ󣬿龰ȴĿɿڴȻʧɫ

  

ԴԭԺ󣮾Ҳûлصǳڰռ⴦ŵȻǻͨ龳Ҳ£һֱڱչ

˵Ժ󣬹ǵʵ磬ͻͽĺܿ졣

ҲͷӼᶨﳤȥĴ㣬棬ֻҪɧŵȥɡ

Թӱƽضɹ˽ǧꡣ

ֱǰһʱ䣬ͻȻҵŪ˹һֲ

ڹӵλʦ֮УʵǿľλӣȻλƽʱǰֵĺܺʵʲô͸ʲô

ǹȴ֪λʦֲ˵ǰ㺩Ǻ£һžǵġ

ӼȷʵЩ£Ϊ˻Ըģڻӵλʦã˵۲֮󣬹˿

Ϊ֪ҲǱǱģôǾһϵըˣʦֵܶ˽⿪ԺȻҪ׽һ

Ӷ⴦ǻͨ龳ܹɵ޵ǻ֮ôõ£һֱû¶Ծӷ

ԺǱҲһͬȻǻͨ龳

ֻûϵ֮ʱͻͽ˽ҪͷʱһĴˡ

ԭɵİ׻޵ǻ֮Ȼ΢ǲ쳣ķ󣬵Ǵ˴λ׼ɶһͻΪʱͻȻ׻޾ͷӾ޴ı仯ûٸӦϵ׻ǣ׻ǿ֮еǳкǿĹԣɷķ

˵˳ӹһٵĻôڻӶԣٵѣĴ

ΰ׻ǿյķ֮£Ԫˣǰ׻Ǿ־ϮԺˣò׿Žһǻ֮˻֮󣬻ɷİ׻ǾѴӵǿжϣѪӶ˹ȥ

Եӷ쳣֮ڵԺ󣬿߿Ѫ˿΢ڵʱ龰ͱɫ

ʦ֣

һ˹ȥӷȻעһ赼ڻҵľ

ֱã۾Ȼ֮ͻȻ̾ʦܣǻǸ˴ۣôûܵɣ

Щ⻢ӵ⻰ָʦ֣ܵɵʱ򣬼ʱչԲû̫Ӱ죬޷Ǿʧ˵㹦ȴᰡ㷽˵Ǹ˴ۣ⵽ô£ѵЩʦӦʲôΪ

ҡͷⲻʦڤԽԽԹ˲Ͼæǣйǣܵ޴ķɣһȡǻ֮ޱǷˣԲ˾Եķ

˵ʲôޱǣ

һ⻰Ȼһɫ䣬æ׷ʵʦ֣ǲʲôûңޱǵô£

ӵʦܣޱǳֵ飬ʦ֮иӦ˵©Ժǲ֪ģʱʦȸʦþͶͷֻû뵽ǻôʦѰޱǵ֮ˣȴȵǣһʦԺȻϼӷӺȸӣҵҵԺ󣬵½ʧĹָԺȥѰޱǣֻǲȴ飡

ȴʧ»ˣȡǻ֮ޱǣôٵõһ˿һǻ֮ʦô˵°

ӵ֮ǰ˵ǻ֮ҾЩǣΪ˻ָʱû㡱λץסˣôȹָԺҪɱޱǣ㣬ð죡



⻰ӵʦ֣ȻɱޱǿľͶǵǰ;ܹӶǷɾ棬Ϊɱ𣿡

˵գЩٵصʹɱһʲô쳣ʦҲеǸô죿

룬ƺ˾ʦܣһָƣҵƻָ֮ǱȥѰޱǰɣ

ӵҵԺʦкδ㣬㻹ɱɣǧ£

ӿ˹һۣȴǵľܣҵȻҪǰȫģ;ѾʦеͽˣʦĵˣȻǵһλˣ

ӵͷʦ֣ҿƽأڶʱڻָµûǻþȡǵµʯа

ԥ£ǵپͻ˰ɣǵǰ;һʯ˾ô

ժ¥¥

Ҳ֪˶ãӴǻ֮飬صɺ֮ջ񣬻۾֮һĨǹ⣬

ʱ򣬴ʱһߵҲ۾ӵ벻˵ΪоѾܹƿʮɵǳ֮ˣֻҪ˱ĻָǿͿԽǰˣ

ӵͷǰûгԹȫע뵽ɺĵǻ嵱УΣҽйһ֮Ҳᵽʲô⾳־ǺεȵĺޱߣҲǿյһЩ񷷨򣡡

˵Ӳʵˣ˶ˣ

һĻٶѭ˰ɣֻռʱ䣬˺üˣҸˣȴһֱҲ뿪

ҲûжྪȣÿôһпܾǼʱ䣬Խߣ֮ʱõʱ䣬

ˣʯ𣿡

ӵͷȻվǵĵطͨǳͨ΢ۣ֮ӽɨһ飬ˣǸطۼɢĵطһͶǳĹ⻷ۼﳣò˥Ի֮ʯĻʷǳߣҲȻǻͨ龳γɵĸԭ򣡡

ţ¥£ŸӦΧһɺǿⷼ¾Ľ

Щջ֮ժ¥

棬龰Щ⣬ͼ濿ٲҵĵطЩһЩס档

۵ģ룬ʱǸɵŮͻȻ˳ڳ˺ҧгݵص޲ý¶ӡ

ȴţԱߵһλߴۣüͷһһĨɫǱӭȭϷѸ񣬸½СŮˣ֪С飬ɰˣ

˵ţǷѸһ˿漴š

ҿ㣬ʱǳηģ쾳ʵϴȻЩɥУ¡

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ӴѸһۣŵĳϣ

Ѹ񲻽⣬Ϸ򲻲ţϣŮʲôð֮£ֻΪǳһգ³ռĹ¶޽ͷȻλʵȺҲøϷһǣ

һȴЦˣЩҪŵ߻·ϤŶҪһ

⻰÷Ѹסˡ

룬Ǹ˵ˣôӦû˵ŮĹôãʵڲǷһ飬лỹǸһǽһ֮ࡣ

ǲ˵ˣ˵ռôռĹĸĻͻһ˵ʧһλǿߵķ緶߰ɡ

ǣѸֿܶ뵽ˣû뵽ӻʣڽƤ߻صͷϣЩΪˡ

Ҫһ

仰ʵʵ÷ѸԽҲӲ÷Ѹһŵ˽⣬룺ᣬǿʵɼ츳û뵽ǻۣҲ׿ԽȺֻôһ仰ȻͰϷסˣ

ҪǴˣ˵ܵһõĽԵǴˣŭ˶Էֻ¶

ԷѸ˼ǰ󣬱´Ȼǲ֪㵽пɹɣżȻｨУǲʲôˣǿͣӦдȽ۹Ļôǻӭ֮ѰµĻȻѣҲ֮⻰˵˵û˵

ӵȷʵ۹ģֻΪг˵С⣬Ҫ徲ĵطԾͽŮĹգͻ֮£ûбµĻˣ

⻰˵ĿѸ֮ҲΪѣ¼ȻģôɱŵĴƴǣ

ҲãӵͷӦˣ÷ѸԵЩ⣬ѵϲĴˣûбĿġ

뵽Ѹߵһλʹ˸ɫĴһ°ɣ

Ǹкߵͷ˹漴ӵһǻʥ൱Ĳιһ֪λ˼ҿɷǰȥ۹һ

⻰֮󣬺Ѹɫ䡣

ֳҪ˵ʱѸȴգ۾֮󣬱Ȼȥֳȥǣ

ѸĻ֮󣬱㳯ӹ˹֣϶ȥ

뿪֮Щյص⹫ȻǲǵĶ֣ҲǰΪʲôҪ˴ȥʥ֪

ѸȴǴɵػɣǻþʥأȴǾռѾˣǾʵǿȻȥǾȥˣлܹջʥأ̣δһ£

ȴѵ⹫㲻ãпǽ𣿡

Ѹȴҡͷ֮УģģģѾˣٶ༸ֻкβɣүүϷʹ߳еһɽҰ룬Żˣ

ɫ̾˿үүΪƾѾʮˣҲǰͻ˵ؾȴȻδ治֪ʲôʱŻķѵ״֪жʧأ

Ѹ˵үүѾȥˣ

ܣүү飬Ҳһ뿪֮ǰҵģܾ뿪ģ֪һһֱģʱͻȻȦ졣

Ըܹʵְɣֻ龳Ȿ֮УΨвһʵ֣ǺȴһֱûκεټϢȻҲ½ǴδἰЩƾǿߣûе磬յȥϷ⿪һţ

ɵŵһλǻ۴ʴȵʥˣ֮󣬸ǻþʹǧԡռݣջأҲֻԱүүԺ뿪˵أѰֻµǻһƬȥأһߣµƬŻҵͳ׵˿ܹˣ⹫𣿡

ѸΣԴϴŴңĲѾ׵İѳţǾ֮ҲĹϵǿƣҲֻ֮ίߣתЩһĵŵӣʱүүһأǾ뿪˵أѰһɽţͼ

ʱȻ뵽ʲô⹫ղֳǶǰǻþҲһ㣬ǵǿʵԸǰĲϣ

Ѹ¿˿ɣԺЩòҪ֮ڿڣô¾ˣЩ˶п֮ģһǲ̫ģԺһֱ߰ɣ

ֳĴ£ǳǣһֱϣѾ쵽Ƭӵĸܱߵش

ΧĴһƬߣֻһЩ߹ʱµĽӡһһЩΧĿɼȲֳ࣬ǰ˰֮һתһ֮󣬲ŵ£ŲõһԾҲΪ˱˵ǻþ֮жõģ

Ȼ֪ԾҲûж໰ǰ˼͸ӦǰϢĲһǿŵڵˡ

ȻӸֳֻһٲ֮ǰͻȻɢȥһƬȻʣͬʱҲֳһƬ׳۾

һƬȺɽɽµƽԭشģĹʽĽǶǰһλжư磬Ϊ׳ۣҲֳֵʷƾõĹ߱ĵ̡

һͨȴСظ˵˼仰֮Ƕ˹ŹֵؿӶһۺ漴װûһۣӶ

֮󣬺Ÿ˵λϷֻܴǵˣŵѾ˵ͨһֱɽԶλʵȻѣתȥı棬ǻþڵأϷˣ

˵գѸٵ뿪Ҳûл֮Уֳǳǵķȥ

ӿ뿪ıӰֻǵһЦȴû˵

˵ˣҾ˲ģȻǴԾˣΪʲôȥǻþܸоɺǿĲмҺϢӦòʲôõط

ӰŸղֳ˵ķλֱնУȻŸﵱȻǺõط˲ԸԴȥȻй˼ɵģǼȻͨǵԸһЩǿУ赶ɱˣҲΪѣ˳ǽһЩ鷳ҲǳռǸŮ˹󼸸µɣ

  

  

ֵǼϢǱǡ

һ֮֮һ㣬̳෽λǻþڵնȥ

ȻӺĿŵĳܲУ˵ĴڣͷϷȥȻҪ֮Щǿֵľ

ͣʲôˣôʥ̳

ʱӵһɽʱһѸٵشӺ󷽴˹Ҳǵؾ۷ĸ֣ӻû֮ʣͱ˵סȥ·

¶һ˿Ц۴ˣǸͽˣ˫֮о֮˸Ѫɷ֮Ϊأһ֪ǸѪĺݽɫ

˳һ͸һаĸо˲񣬲ò¾֪մȾ˲֪ٵѪӵľ磬а֮ˡ

ɽӺХ־Ѫɱ֮ӿһ

ˣȻ˵ѪӰƷХ֮ʣ֣ͣ΢΢һתһգɽʯ֮ϣʯм

ºҪ˵ʱͻȻ쵽ǻþ֮ͻȻӿһϢһɺǿϢӳ

Ϣ΢΢ݣΪһɷǳǿ󣬾ҪȫӦþǸνǾˡ

ǳֵϢӸӦԺĿ꣬ʱȴ쳣ʹӾҲûǸˣǻþȥ

˵һԷһҪСӾ͸׵Ķ˹ȥҶԷƺûнֱӽˣⲻʹоܵ˼衣

֮УΪһ֮е̳ǲѱ˷С

񵹺ãȻ˸Լ

ֳ裬ܣʹûпСӵʵлλȫ֧ţȻη塣

ԽԽó裬˴ʱһȫѪ磬һȫȥסӵȥ·

ӼֱǸסȥ·ʱһ䣬֮һĨɱˣǳѪ˶֮ʣһ֮֮󣬱㻺ơ

ɲǼ䣬֮УƺһɼΪǿ־Ļ־ڰŵ绨ҫ֮䣬۳һֲ֧֡

֧֣·ܹסͷƬ죬һ绨ѹʹ˵ѪƺУƬ̣ͱǵ绨

쾳

˿Ǵǿ־֮ѹĴ֣龪Ȼʧɫûü֮ʱǴֺ¡һѽͷųѪ־׵Ļ



˻ܵһֵĺоһǴɽҹһ㣬ؿھһѪ¶αˡ

ǣյڻѪ־֮󣬴ʱȴϲ׽һֻСһ㣬ѹʱ˵ֻп־壬ͫ׼оԼ־׵ĻԺԼˣѾȫֻƿأ˿Ӳֻ֡

ʱֻͻȻһᣬ־طԼѾֻץУַֻļѹҪһֻһ㣬ֻһּǺ֮УһɻԵ־˲壬ꡣ

ס֡

˼ֻʱ򣬴ʱһŭıɽ֮䴫һɹɾҵĻص֮죬춯ء

ȻֹУմֲûᣬͼӵһ䣬ʱֻͻȻȭһôһա



һ춯صľһѪɲǼ俪ʼ֮ʣСһ壬㱻ֻ󱬣ȻţΧѪ㿪ʼȼһɫĻ棬Ϊļ졣

ֻһ˱㳹׵Ĵ˼ʧĸɸɾһ˿궼û¡

֮棬úݶֶΡ

ʱֹı֮ڸϵĳּȵķŭһ˿η壬˱󱬡

ɨһۣһ۱ʹ˵ϿڤƵʣǾǿһ㣬ݵ壬Ұ׵ӣӵһɺǿķ·϶ɵħ־

룬˶İ֮евƷ

ʱӵߣǸһۣӵˣкŨϢɱ֮󣬺пܻߣøղֱ𣬵ҲԳ׵ĽǧĪҪռѶԸ

Ӽʶڤʹڤħֽ֮ȫڵռλȫѪ뾫Ƕڶݵʱʵǿͨ쾳֣ȷʵǼѶԸּΪѲĽɫ

˵ͷӼԾԾԣ˾ͽԸʵս飬ǻþһʵǿҲǶ֣ǺҲڴʯ⣬ȥҪʯõ֣ˣҲ²Ӧǵȡ֮ܽǣͽ׽лҪʡ

ǣˣ

ʱսŨң˵ţһһʧӵߡ

һĻȴλŸ˹ĲҵֱȥǻþҲûᣬҵӣ﷢ɥӱɭֲСӣһΣɱ˱ʥڤϣ

ɱЩĶãɾࡱ

ӸܵһɭϢȻ壬־ֵ֮£ǹϢ˿ֲ֣ǲϣȻ˵

⻰ǲϵͻȻĹţɱŨҲٶ໰βĲӰ㳯ںϮ

ϸղżʶֻô־ͽ˵־󱬵һĻ֪֮ƴ־ͲǴӵĶ֣˿ʱ䣬Ϯûų־ӣΪ֪־Ըӣ˷塣

λһʹõǿ˫ݵ֮УһɸʴԵ֮֮ЩֲʱήȥܱޱȼӲʯͷҲ׷׷ѵ

֪Щ֮Իᱻ֮ΪϣΪǽԼ飬ڣѪ뾫ĳɳǺ壬Ӷʹǵʵøӵǿ󣬶ͨʳľѪǾӿ˲

ԶԸֲ֮Ӳ˿ĵλʱȭͷһգʱйɫĻӿȭͷ֮䲻ϵԾš

Էʱ乥ǿ־ӰԷ־öԷʱ䣬֮ųӭУȻ˶Էһ治ס

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ݵƴĸʴԵĹƣӵֻ֮ȭʱ򣬷·˿һ㡣

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֮֮󣬳˼ǰд

ǵĿǣһ֮Է֮ʣڽɹҲ˲Ǳһײ˼ϱִʯ̨ʯ̨ж淴ɵನ

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ǹɾĳײ֮У֮ЩطʼȥЩطɽ壬ͻȻǵײԨȥ

ԽԽŨҵĸʴϢ֮УȻ䣬мֻȽϴӰԶž޵飬ǵصԨ˳ʼøɿݵ壬ھŴء

Ӿ֮Уչ֮󣬾һֱؿһĻӦ֪ʹջرԴ֮ǳҲƷֻʱѣЩϢǺǿӦֻֻӦܹӦҲǸһ顱

ʱͻȻһʾ޺𣬾ͼһǿҵĲͳƬĴ֮ӿ



ǿ첨ľ޺֮Щѳ׼ھأͷŸЩǣ׷׷һֹֽ֮Ǹõ忪ʼķѣ漴ðһ̣ɢؼ䡣

һɺŨĺǦɷݣӸӦ֮üͷϢ˵Ѿ൱ϤˣǸڰ֮УģִǦʣܹһ塣

ѷӡһЩ֮Ҳ֪ЩɱģֻҪĵطЩķٶȣΪֲ

Ե֮ǿԼЩ飬Ҫȥټ֮ǿĴڣ֮ЩϮ

ʱƬĿռûϢʹЩƻ˷ӡҲһʱᴩԽ۾ӵƬռ䵱У⻹лģҪֻͷųȫпܽƬиʴӶ뵽Ƭռ䣬ʱֻӦòѶԸɣ

˵ӵ֮һĨ⣬ֵһЩĹ򣬶ҲռЩǿǣ֮ͨʣӶķĵǵڶԼһƬĿռ䵱УҲЩ֮ˣͳеһõĹߡ

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ɨһۣǰһСһ㣬ɼ˵֮еҲ֮һڸռ֮ежߣһ㱾Ҫ㣬ǸҽЩ֮˵ūãӦ컯ͨһôˣḶ۵ġ

һ߸պһֳռ䣬ռռ䣬ŻռһƫԶеȿռ䣬ʣµĴռ䣬ѾʣµǸǸǸռ䣬ռ䣬Ҳӽӡڣǰ֮Ϊµȿռ䡱

ӵȻʣĸռ䣬ʹٱٵһʣһѵǻܶ˹ȥ˵ʲôϵȿռ֮ģӦǸûнռ䵱еСϿңŻ֮пߣ֮Умߣ˵µȿռ䵱ģŪĸռ䵱ȥˣ

ӵǰҲû֮ǰʱϣʻҲֻʵش֮УϹڣһλߣһλ壬Ǳһλޱ壬һλԹ壬ߣλһλԹŻ壬һλ壬˵µȿռеߣǱƽ䵽λߵµģҵĿģ׳ԼܹΪߡ

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ͨЩ飬Ӳ֣õĸռ֮УǿߣǷ˼䣬ǰΣˣЩȨľĿԽľñ

ʱиӵļᶨˣ֮·ʮбҪӿٶȣȥǿռʱķԼķ򣬳ΪߣӶʹЩռ֮õõ׵Ρ

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ԽԽˣʱ£ûȥλԿ֮£ȸˡ

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뿪֮ɨһƬ谵磬̾˿ڻûһЩȫ飬ÿռ䷨򣬽ԶؽĳһռҪŬ

ȡ˱Դ֮ʯӸоڽ֮֮ƺҪͨһֶ⾳еĸ򣬶ýӴǸǿıԴ

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Ҫ·Ҫ۵ģԻǧꡢ꣬ԶˣĺӣȴҪһȥȥµһ˷ѭ

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ǣĻļˣĺӣеһУҪҲĺᱻūۣԸ⿴鷢

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ʱ򣬻Ұ֮䣬鿪ʼƬ谵ӿֳƿ˷ӡ֮󣬱Ƭ֮еŰҲʹռ֮еָʴϢҲԽԽŨҡ

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һǰƺǸǿߣһǸŮˣ岢ûռݵǰ㸯öģȴҲÿʮ˿ֲ

Ȼȴɵĸʬһûˮ֣ƤǸһӲҲûеԣû۾ն棬ȴһɺɫĹ⣬ıģһɹŨҵĻҺɫ塣

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ɨ龰֮ҲûдͣռŰһͨ󣬿¾ͻὫĿƬռΪӽƬռ䡣

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ʧɲǼ䣬ֻ͵ͻȻ̧ͷİâĿն˫ۣ޾գһޱȵ˻˻ĳǿҵޡ

˲䣬ռǷŰĽ̸ˡ



Ĵ½ϣзҲѿռķӡӶѳŰأرʴøɿݣ鱻ݻ٣ʹһƬûдӳͱɡ

ϢһĴȫ½ĸ֮½ˣӶҲʹһɿֻŵգӿ

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ȻҲֻǰڰ֮󣬽ڱļԭ֮ϣҲ鿪ʼѷӡʴɿŴأһʱ֣ߡȵȿʼڱļشʼŰӣƺҪ밵Ǹʴ

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ҲΪǨƶʹĿǰ֮УҲһΣ״ǾʳʵöȴģԼһЩ˴ļҲңƬ֮УʹʼޱȾ޴ѹ

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ʱڲ֮Уʱ˶ڲ֮УŴ˴εΣƲһԲһֱſܷı

棬ȴ٣һǽɭһޣ˴ΣȻ׵壬ŰӽĵطҲܽ컯пܻᱻٵ

ʱƲ֮Ҳ׷׶뿴

ƲŻ˵Ϊṩİڱвã˴鿪ʼڱͰŰҪƣ˵İʱûȪѪӵķӡȫ򿪣ֻǽλͨǵӶ뽫һƬԺȪѪӣṩϣôѾ֤ʵȪѪӵķӡڣڰԶĸɿݴĵش

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Ʋ֪˼ֵλ˴ζԿϮλ岻ݴǣҲټʵǰŽͬԸ飬Σֵ֮ǰ׼Ҫλɡ

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ƲߵȣѾȷֵķλôǰǾҪȡᣬϣԼİ򣬼Ŀ⼸ǱǧдʶԴ½ҪȫһЩڿ֮ڡ



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Ʋ߼ĬĬȻҪ֮һȡ֮£˿ĹǣλûĻôҽˡ

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Ʋߵ£ӿ±֪ĻҪ̣ѾĿǰģҲѾȥսЩС£ҪģΪȫȡʱ䡱



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ʱĸһŤʼҲû⣬ۣ֮ɨƬصÿһ䡣

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ʱӵһΣƺǽʽһ㣬ʧƬ֮ϡ

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ȻƺûҪȥĴ㣬ʱһ̧֣Ӷһ㣬ɵļŻ־ӽǵطԨ֮С



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ͬʱֻҪѪɷϵǹȾıԴ֮ôȪѪҲͨȡ׳󣬵ʱȡԴ֮ˮûйˡ

˻е˼ַʽֻǰ

ŵ˵ͷȻѾҵͼһջرԴ֮ˮıԴ֮ʱֲֻͼƻҪһΪ𻤷ⱾԴ֮ȡȻӰ쵽⸽ƬΧĵط޴춯

ﲻȡԴ֮ʯǰ㣬ֻĿռ䣬ù˼ʲôֱȡ

ռ䣬дҵù˼ɲӰ죬ԵȫעУܷ񱻴ţԴ֮֮ʹ﷢޴ѣԼڻὫ½ٵһƬģԿʱҲˡ

£漴ģѾһδû׷ԲٷڶΣҲҪ˳ȡرԴ֮ˮ

ӵͷҲűԴ֮ĳ֮ƣȼǵطԨǹɱԴ֮ȴѪɷȾıԴ֮

ɫ棬ʱڻ֮ľ飬ʱǵطԨѾһαȫĵȼһƬ֮Ӹ߿¿ｫһ׳ֵľۡ

ԼһʱңԾվƬ𺣵룬۲Ѫɷ״

ʱͻȻһԵصףһɹɲ֮УԨѷ쵱ȼյܻ֮⣬ЩطͻȻǷűƿһ㣬һǵѪй¶ѸٱɫĻȼһɫ档





ЩѪɷ۱ٵ֮ǹɱԴ֮Ӱ죬ЩȾ۵ıγɵݻ٣ǹɱԴ֮ĲЩ۴й¶󣬾ͱȼããĹǲԭǡ

һʢ̻ݣЩǵϢ˹һ֮һȼ˲ʹǲԭһƬɫĻ𺣡

Ƭ֮УӲǻӰ죬෴Դͷ



˴Լֹ˽ʱ֮ЩǵϢ챻ȼմʱһβξһһطʼ°ݣط֮ʣǱһ飬Щ֮ϢѸٱȼ

ʱǲԭѪɷ󣬳׵ıƻ

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Ӽˣɫһһ̧֣Ƿһεһж֮£ٶȼӿ졣

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һĴȻȻҲǱԴ֮

ڱԴֵ֮˲䣬ʱ˫һУҪʧıԴ̶֮סȻǻһһ㣬ޣѸٵؾǱԴ֮ʧ

ⱾԴ֮ʵһӡռ䡣

ԴӾϴڤڳĮн뱾Դ֮󣬱Դ֮֮ʱ龰֮ټǱ֮еľԼ񾳽ⱾԴ֮евٶκεӰ졣

һΣӺɵؾͽ뵽Ǹӡռ档

һ֮ܵһɺǿıԴӿţҲûмȡǹɱԴǷӡ֮õڵһɱԴ֮ʯǹɱԴ֮ĺɽ֮ƣڲٵӡǰ֮£뱾Դ֮ˮ뿪ؽǷӡƳռ䣬뵽ǸĿռ֮С

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ѾܵǹɱԴ֮ʼӿ֮ʱʱһʹԼ⾳߶ȼУǱ㿪ʼȡɱԴ֮

ȡԴ֮ʱʱΧҲڷ״ǧԭʱ򣬾ͻȻǱһ̫˺ܾãʼڻ

ҲڲͬʱûзǰѰľ޴ֱ䣬ΣȫǻҰռȡԴ֮ʯͬ

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ʱΪӻЩ״֮󣬾֪ѾڿʼȡԴ֮ˣԴʱҲǸ߶ȵ䱸

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ֲûУЩڿռӡѹǱĿռ֮пֻ⣬һĿռ֮УصķӡռѹţӡΪǿҲ˼ɵĴڡ

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ֻǴɢжֻڲͬʶУЩǻۣûǿǶѾﵽһͨ˵ǻ۶޷󼰵ľ硣



ʱŤĲԽԽǿʼڵǸԴ֮ƽʱ

һ̧ǰһĨ֮һĨǿ⣬漴ͱһ䷢ĵɫ󣬴ʱһɨͼǰԶһӰؾͽ뵽֮С

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֮˸ŵеϢʶһ˼ֻڲֻͬᵱ֪Щˡ

ֻȷڲͬѺ󣬶ռ֮Ѿǧˣ֮УܹԼ⸱ģ˵ʵҲЩֻʶܹġ

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Ӧ춯֮󣬾ѸٸˣֹıԴ֮ȡںıԴ֮ˮǾԲܱȡߵģӪ꣬ò׽Դ֮ˮȾӶʹȪѪ׳ôԼľӪĳɹһ



ȻǲлȥʵʩƻģԴ֮֮ʣһ޺𣬰һˣ缲һ㣬˾ȥ

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ʱע⵽ǶˮһĨĹ֮ڷı֮бһĨһſڣһɾǽһϢһ



ϢĻöϢҲӲӣһתʧԭأϢֱ߻ն󣬾䵽˸һյ֮ϣɲǼ䣬Ǵյرʴȥһ֮

һλ󣬴ʱָ㣬ķģǸԲһ㣬Ȧһһõ㣬Ϣǡ

ɷ֮һĨ⣬ЩɵҲ壬ֽһ֮忪ʼŤҪš黨һ㣬ϰȴ޵׳ͼһȭ֮ϣһҵĲ



֮Уʱصһ㣬ǹɺ֮УͼֻĿܣѸ˳

ǿģصµЩݹǣǾǱһնͷ֮ðĹ⡣

ЩֻһֹıܣޱȾ޴ӰվǰЩôɢĹǼܿʼ棬ûг嵽һ룬ӭǷԲȦ֮ǷȦͻȻʼ󣬽ЩȦУһɷͽЩܽʵ÷顣

Щñ֮󣬼ǷȦٶȣһĳȦ֮дʱҲѸٵĻӰЩ޺ǵϮļܾһǽһ㣬Ѹٷ顣

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ռϷ壬һڱƽ֮ٴѸһģֻٶȴҲ٣Ŀܼƻʧ֮ۼһȦϮһſڣһø֮Ϣ



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һϢĹһֻޱֲԶޣͳǰɣһɽһֺ𣬴ʱɢЩǼʯ飬׷ױɾ޿˹ճϣγǿװס

ŵֻԶ޵ݵɲǼ䣬ɫ΢䣬ɵԭֻϹޱ˾ֲûбֱɱֻˡ

仯ΪϹ޲װ󣬴ʱڿ֮쳣ǿɽһ㣬ÿ̤һض˺Ѱ

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صǿѹſһصľ޴ۼ֮УռŤؾ䣬ؼڰ

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εϹ޴ʱʥһľ޺طƱãⱱɽƺҲҪܲסǹĳҪ顣

ǿǿ֮ĶԿĻԿ֪ʱĹǲԭѾԭƽԭѳΪƬ½ݵĵط˺ѵԨɽҲƽƽأһɽѵֱ䳡

ʥϹ֮ĽսڼǻѾⱱļأͬǲԭһƬӷ档



ڴʱ˿̣Ƿӡռ֮еӣʱǱǧˮӰģˮ̺֮ıԴ۶ɵľˡ

ھãʱķӡռ֮ȻҲܹܵ紫ǹǿҵ𶯣ʹƬӡռ䲢ȶ

ҲʵܹŵȫȡرԴ֮Դ˿ûзȻڼӿȡƬռ֮еıԴ֮

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⾳֮ЩԴĹҲľ֮֮һͬıƣÿһΣǿ

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һ֮УЩĹ֮󣬴ʱԴ֮ˮͨ·ЩɱԴ֮ʯ۶ɵͨ˳⾳֮ƣҲûֺӵ

εı֣ǴʱЩӿ۶޷˳ڣ۶ɵһˣʱʼѸٵСֱȫĽ뵽ӵڣͬʱǧǱһ̨ǿգɿʼΧռ䡣

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ԭɱԴȴѾϲΪһɣɱԴΣȴӵʶ֮䣬ܸܵĺޱߣͷ·Ǻ֮еĵ㷱ǣ֮䣬Ѿûκεĸңʱ޿̶ܸܵĴڡ

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ӵʧƬռԺǴڹǲԭ֮еǹıԴ֮ʱͻȻҲʼ֣ҲһƬޣʧƬ֮䣬˿ܲĴڡ

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ʱЩǱ֮ϣЩطѾʴˣʵһΣϹ޵ľ꣬ʹǿͽս

Ϊԭʹǿ޷õõķӣԲŪǱһֱǿֻƴɱ

ǻɳУһյϮ֮ʣ𣬾ƮҡطеҶβȡ

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ֻܵǹ־֮󣬴ʱͻȻĹֹ֮ͣУһĨ֮ƺǴ˾⣬־ӿ֮ʱͼͻȻһ̹ţ



־ֻϹ޵֮ϺޱӴ˲һըľʯ׵ķѣΪɢ



ʱһɫĵŹ֮˸̹ɫԺ󣬷һ͸˶ĤĲҵĺ֮漴̹ͻȻһΪһűһ͸Ļգһâȴߡ

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漴âʧ٣ǹҲ֮ʧŤĲ֮УҲûϢ

ˣҪ׷ȴ׷ˣһǡ˻ָ͵ϮˣȻѰԴָֻҪߵֱȥջرԴ֮ɣֻǿɱģֻֻܲݽߺԶġ

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ҡͷⲻͬģҪĻ;ǲֱӵ۾ӵĵطŰҪӪһӦĻȻܿʼ𽥵ĸʴ̲壬ǵ淨͸༰嵽滷֮л᲻Ӧȥ벻ˮĵһġ

ŵˣĻѾӪĻֻܹǿǻĻ֮УķˣǲŻҪͷų磬ӪҪ滷

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˵ӿǾһۣԣЩûǱǡˡӣʹԼĳΪһˡ˼⾳֮ģʽ֮Իо컯֮

컯Ūˣྭ˵еġ૵

Ҳ˵Щȥһưɣҵûض򿴿ʮպǰĻ

˵ͷΧһƬŤ漴ʧ֮Уӳķһ֮漴Ҳ



ϮĿֻգѾӵ˴½ĸ䣬ڱǨӵ˶Щ԰ȫһЩĵط֮Ҳ˻ҡ

ڶ뱱ӽ˵ѾǹˣΪǨ˿ڵռ˾ҲӹҵͳΣԾԵñȽϻңڶĳƹҪԺһЩ

뱱һģռ˱Ĵ󲿷֮⣬һ֣һֳӵһȴǷ׷״ѩݱ߾ӿĹڡҲʹĹѹ

ӵ˿ڣʹöصʼʳȱ󣬵ɱˣ¼ʹ棬Ҳž޴Ŀ顣

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ǳ֮УҲôһȺˣҲͬ飬ЩˣһλϡΪףÿҲµǹЩ˼룬λˣ

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էһλСͯȻۿɰӢ¶ȴʷǷ;һһ˲߱ķǺλС֮ͯȴоҲƣʮһ㣬ǰȥסȥ·Ѱͯ

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һ컯ָҲûзԣҲûиƳе˻ʴߵݣֻǸӵĺӡ

ֻһ仰Ѿ֪еҲڤڤ֮ͬξʱ컯ǣָԶǧĹˣΪӡ



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ͿޱͿλСŮĹ㳡ƤͻȻ䣬ȴˣתܡ

ŪΪƤ˼һλŮǲ⣬Ҳظȥͼޱܻ˼ңҵѩе裬ְֺˡ



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ӷֱ˼֮󣬵ȴûлȥ㵽ǵߣһ

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Ȼⶼԭġ

ĿǰѾ֮൱Ѿ֮ڵһЩڻû˽ⷨİûЩ

⾳֮вҲѾ֮ڵķ̫ǿͨ޷ܵģڼ˵ߣֳƬռ־ı仯¶ĻȻ˺ǣ

ֻܾ֮ϣǡ

ڿ֮иӼᶨ򣬳Ϊ֮󣬾Ҳûκεһֹܹһˡ



ĻƬ½֮ƶ񤣬ĵط

½ϵ̸طΪ֮ɫľǴ˵صǷԲǧأԼӵȻһЩݣҲԸӵĻ֮档

˷絶Ƭɳ磬ܵȿʮɵĶ򻷾֮У֪ж뵽ѰϹżʧǴ˵ء

ֻû˻뵽еϹżԴ֮⣬ֻϹʱʱһ֮䷢ľսµĹս

ԶŵĿݹǣʲôû¡

֮¿Ƭأһһ㳾ֵԲ򣬲ϵƬӵĻشعţɳ

ˣıԴ֮ƺĮЩϵ᲻ǳĮͻȻʧǸ

վӵߣԵ±Ů˵ģ֮ƺַһЩ΢ı仯ѾƣģҲࡣ

էһ֮£ѷٽǸɣԼʶһЩŮǵصġ

ûйȥֱ仯Ҳһѣô䣬ıǺѸıġ

ʱ΢֮ɨƬĻĶϢµǱԴ֮µ־ϵűԴ֮Դͷ

Ȼﻷӵĸԭ򣬲ǱԴ֮ɵģԶʱڣսµĹս񶼻ûлָ

һ֮ӾͽĿƬսĵһϹʱڵһķ档

ķ棬彨ķȻͬЩϣҲжϳЩʮֵӴ󣬾סĵضһ㣬Լ䣬Щ֮ϻǲĵضڡ

Щض֮ķ棬ӲɹŹֵؿһۣķ棬ӦͬʱǸİɣսаҪĽɫ

ͷΪƬռ䣬һս˫Ƭ˱ȫĿռ䣬Ծ뿪ֻЩС棬оͰ塱

²ֹҪƬռİɣӦΪЩطıԴֻ֮ǷĿռ䲻ȶЩԴ֮ѹſռķӡƺԲŷᣬӶϲռġ

ĬֵҴӼԴ֮ڵĵطһԣǷбԴ֮ڵĵطܱߵĻʮֵĶӣҴݲڹĺۼûУȻԵս

Į֮еıԴ֮ĳ֣ӦֻһżȻԴ֮ƫ룬ֻȥѰңȴûٷѶϢȴ˵ⱾԴ֮Ҳǹ̶һǻռӡı仯ӶЩйɵƫƣЩԴ֮Ӱ죬صƫƣҲŲ֮

Ѿҵ˱Դ֮ڣȴûзֻΪ˰ȫΪ˻ɡ

ӵֻһֱԴ֮ǿ֮£ЩԴָ֮ôȻһֱԴ֮ɹָƣȻûгҲ֮С

ȡرԴ֮֮ӵеǲֱԴ֮Ҳɢһգµ־ûʸںģᷴ亦

˵գ䵽ƬĵشȻ㲼һȷԴ֮缴ɣ﷽ԲǧﶼûǲҪ̫Ĺ˼ɣֻҪ̫𶯱ɡ

ͷҲû˵һķģЩķĲƬ淽ԲķΧ֮ڡ

ЩĵʼõʱӼʱѵ˫ۣһԲĶ漴ͼ˫֮䣬һɹž˷ʮֵҫۡ

ǹɹ׳һ̶֮ʱͻȻһףǹƬϿ֮ǹžͻȻͣƬϿա

¡

ǹͣڷϿյʱʱΧĴһҵĲһһ㣬ЩطݵĴ֮ϣһԨһķ϶ʼ֡

һĻͬԭ˵﷢սʱµǰ龰ԭòҲû淭龰ֻߵǹ־ڲϵظӦűԴ֮



ƺͶȥǸӰ£ټߵ־ӦԴ֮ʱҲͬһɲɸӦĲӦš

ܵǹдıԴ֮ĲӲ룬ֲЩǿ嵱ЩԴ֮սնʧܶ飬леġ

ЩԴ֮Уǰλߵ־ƺ֪µЩԴ֮ȻᱻЩҰĵᣬÿһԴ֮Уǹɶһ޶־Ǽ̳־Ĵߣκ壬κˣ뽫ЩԴ֮Ϊá

λߣԶģҲǻ۵ˣֻΪʲôҪԼԽãбȻҪıʣȻЩԶŵеĹ

¡

ʱͻȻ䷢һĺ죬ͼɳ֮Уǵص֮³һȻǷ棬ЩԨѷ֮

ǱԴ֮ķӡռ䡣

Դ֣֮ʱӳʾ֮漴ѸٻΪһƬޣƺһһ㣬˱Դ֮С

ȡرԴ֮ѾǼˣ뵽Դ֮ķӡռ䵱УͬȽǷӡռ뱾Դ֮뿪ȻٶⱾԴ֮ȡ

Դ֮Ŵص巽Դ֮УͱԴ֮ȽƣڱȽĴڡ

Ӷȡʱ⾳֮жⱾԴ֮ƵҲĴͬ

ЩԴ֮໥֮䶼Žܵϵܹȫںһ𣬵ֿΪһֶƶڡ

ȡʱ򣬴֮ȡɱԴ֮ɶˣҪģֻһʱˡ

  ƻ

  ƻ

ȡԴ֮ıԴͬʱԭƬǲԭڴһƬ֮ʣһ޴ԨѷͻȻ

һɸʴǵϢѷ֮Ѹٵؿʼڹǲԭܱ߸ϵ



ʱǱ˴ӿͶһذըһ㣬һɹϿն£䵽ԨѷɲǼһľ󣬾ͼһѪɫϢǸʴϢ֮Ѹٿʼ



ţǹѪɫϢԽԽŨҵʱͻȻԨ֮һɹ˻֮漴ͼһֻֻΪֲײе飬ǿնۿ֮УǺе㷢ϵѪɫĹ⣬ʮֹ죬еĴŸõ壬еȴһƮһ㣬ѸٵشѪɫϢ֮˳ϵǸʴϢʼʴƬ֮澻Ĵء

˻

ЩǷӿֳ֮ʣڲϵظʴܱߵĻ֮ʣ˼ǵͷϿ֮ϣͻȻһɸΪ˻

˻֮󣬷׷ͷ­ǴĵĿն֮УͼһĹ⸡֣źâ֮УֳһӰ

ӰҪƻսӻ˵ֻ

ȻʱӻǱһֻˮۣ֮ҲȴӰٻЩ忪ȪѪӷӡǡ

Ȼֻǿųһٲֵ飬ͱǿռӡЩȪѪ֮УһֱȡǵıԴ֮Ծͨǿ

Щڷڿе֮󣬾췢ķ˻ԵʮֵĿȡ

ʱ䣬еֻͻȻ뵽鵱У漴ΪԶ޵ӣ漴ͽֻΪǿɽǾ޴嵱С

Ǽֻǿ֮󣬾ͼ֮һâ˸漴׳˼֣漴ǺâڵĹУһɹâм䣬漴һɫĹâЩɫĹâȴԼɢ



ֻ֮͵سһȥĺˮ֮Уżȵĺ⣬ǸƵƵŭлżҵĹֽС

ŭ֮УܱЩͷųƺҲ˸ӷ񱩵״̬㿪ʼǵϢʼʴƬصգ漴Ǳ˴֮УűķλӶȥ

ǴرʴḶ̌ƺҲӿˣڵϸʴԴǣǱʴĴأӪӦǴڵĻ֮󣬱ҲʼѸٵԶķѸš



ڱɽشӽƬɿݴصĵصİϳڡ

ʱԨ֮еĵ֮Уյڤ˼ȼյʮֵʢһֵʽ

ЩڤܱߣͼλźۣסͷĲǣеҲɽǸͷֻ¶һ˫âĺڵʱǲϵؽԼעǲڤ֮Уڽʲôʽ

ǲڤʢ֮ʣЩڤųһɹɵǿҲʼϵΧӿ

ӿ֮ʣǲڤĺ󷽣һǾѪڣž޿ڴʱͻȻſ˼֡

ſ޿֮ʣһɹѪϵشǹѪǲڤ֮ʣ㿪ʼſڵķ϶ǿҵĳͻȻһҵĲľʯʼ

Щǲ⣬ȻڼʽǹڲϵسǲϿʼѿľ޿ڣøѪͷų֮ϣ

ȻǽеһʱǿѪӿһյڤӴ֮ʱǲڤ޷Ǿ޴ѪеӶϨ

յڤϨ֮󣬴ʱλͻȻѪĳڵһ㣬˳ȥײһЩ棬ˤȥ

ʽж

ۼǾ޴ѪҪбպ֮ƣɴŭǣһյʥʵ½ջ޷Ѫӳӡ

һλ˹ʥһյڤǵʵֽƻʱһ£ǻָʵ֮Ѫˡ

޺޵Ҳֻˣ밵д֣ǲԭҲһλˣ⵹Ҳֲʵ½Ĳ㣬ȫʥչжλļƻԱ򶫲ķʵʩƻжκδۣҲҪǵ߻ٵ

ڶǱʥԱҪǲʲôķʽҲҪⶫ²Ϸڧì˺ɱģսҪѪ಻ڤҲҪѪʵ׳

Ӧ֮󣬱׷׸ԳţһӦȥˡ

ʱ֮һĨĹ⣬ֻҪѪӣռӡɶЩǳѷӡ֮Ҳ𣬵ʱе壬ɱףҲɱƣǲڱӪǧ硱



вǬݳǡ

ΪӦĺ٣ԭصһԱѾߣֻף

˴ףҲҪߵģ϶ֱĿǰ˸ϾԣӵİȫһЩ

նԣףѾһ裬ûˣֻһ˾ˣ˻ȥҲʲôá

Ǵ˴εĵɭҪףҪȥӭӡ

Ƕ׼ȥʱʱͻȻűƿͼ˽ղɳûϷ˭˽Խġ

ϴż֮ɫҲȫûǰԴ˵Ĺֻǵ˵ĸҪǰЩҪǶ˽

Ŀǣףŭʲô˵أʲô£㽻ϸϷȥ

ЦһȴµһƬң꣬һ̣޲ʲôϮֻҪƬ³Ϊ޵أԴ˴Σ޴ҪΪ޵£һˣǸܣ֮ڽޣ޽ѪϴԸĹ

ʣ

һ⻰ŭЦϮ¹ֵ֣֮ﲻΪԿȴҪƬ£ʱƬ³ԺҪã飬ЩǿǶ޲ߣ쿪ѲͶЩѪˣ

ȻҵòôҾҪһڻ֮ǰܵµĿУҲ֪ˡ

ƾϷ˵ףŭͻȻһ¡

ֻǾ͵۵ûжγĴ֮ʣͻȻһӰӳУףӦǹӰӱ㴩͸塣

ףڰգʱǻһ㣬ûκεĶ뷴Ӧ

  ɲ

  ɲ

տһĻһ漴ŭԭ˸ǿĿɽֲøϷǰ

ЦȻ֪λǿĿɽôϣʶʵ񣬷ףӡ

Ϊƾһ˵ĶҪвϷ

϶

ʱͻȻһ֮ΧԵüΪ͸֮󣬰һɹϢ漴

ɫһ䣬ֿͲǶ֣ǹǿϢĳ֮ϣһѪߵķһײǽ֮ϣǽȫײ

Ļҳ֮УͼһӰ

ǹѪ˿ǿһѪ̧ͷǸӰۼǸɫŮӣɵ˭ϮΣ֣㾹ɿ﷢ս

˵ûҾҪⶫѪɺӣͿ̿˼ҲŻбǸͷҵĿܰɡ

ɫŮ˿˽֮ףһۣ漴һָü֮Уͼף漴ҲĿ͵ؿŮˣ˳صˡ

ף㡭

ռףתŭǸֲŮˣһָ֮£һλؾǿ߳Ϊūܣ漴ȴһЦҪϷĿܣֱǳ롱

˵ţͻȻȫ׼ǸŮ˷ԱʽĹ

ų嵽һʱͻȻŮ˵һʧһӰջûз֮ʣ㴩͸壬յԭء

漴ǵӰյıֺɫŮϴŲмļڽ֮ɫַģ㲻ǵһ㻹ҪСĿܡ

˵ţŮյüĴһָһɹϢ֮Ҳǻһףһ㣬һҵĲĿҲһĨâ֮󣬱㹧˳سŮ˵ˡ

ܺãǴӽ𣬾ǱСūˡڣȥӭǸ׸ȥɣС㵹ûԹһλ쾳ǿ߳ΪСūۣʲôӣţӦúܺ桱

ǣˡ

ף֮󣬱㻺˳ȥ

վһߣʱð̲ס͵ɫŮһۣеռеĸȻŨҡ

ɫŮȴһۣȴŨŨصҪռռҰɣ

⶯yuܣҪǰǿסûг嶯˹ȥŮ˽£

ɫŮصķΪСܵʸûУ㷽ҶԱС񣬱Сϴ˼ʧڣȥС㼯ӣ׼սԽԽá

ǣȥ빧һ󣬾Ѹ˳ȥ

ǾɫŮȴ૵ҾͲţȵСϼѪɺ֮㻹ԹС檣ȱСҹɿܣڱС㣬

˵ţɫŮ˱š



ɭΪʲôԴС£ΪȴҪһˡ

룬Ĳ£ҲȻˡ

ǬʱŴӿ䵽ָĵص֮󣬾ͼף˹˹ȴһԲ

ɭЩ֣գǸܣʲô쳣

ûûСյĻشЩͣ϶ġ

Ƕ˵ͷʲô̧ͷ˵ôǺôɭ˽Щ죬ҲʼһЩɡ

ʱջ̧ͷɭҪѵ䣬յ˫ȴһĨâо裬

ڽɭ֮׵ʱ򣬴ʱͻȻ䱩ѣۼȫĹһƱɭ͵Ϯ

ԱߵףʱҲ̧ͷâѸͬһʱ䳯Žɭ͵Ϯһ



ɭͶɣɫ֮ʱ裬ͻȻ˳͵Ϯ֮ʣɭŭһ˦֣쾳Ǵ󺣿һӿһɿ磬һɨףϮһףݺݵķɡ

յһǣɭķ֮£͵Ϯ˼֣ڱһϮ֮ʱɭתʱͱյһӰ쵽β˼Ҳ˳յһӿǿɨҶһ㣬ԶѪ

ɭһ͵ϮʱѪڣûܶˣȴǿŭյգʲô

Ȼ˵ĻƺûһʱƳأȻ֪ȻٴŽɭϮ

һ߻ûףҲͬˣ˾ûĻһ㣬ֻʣսʶıܡ

һĻɭеķŭʧˣֻʣ˱

֪ѾΪ˿ܣȫʧȥңҡҡͷɭ̾˿ûκϵĿܣȥɣϷһ̡

˵գɭ֮Уһɵſʼ׳ؼʼ۶

ף֮ʣɭ̾һͻȻһȺǿ¶֮󣬴ſϮҶʱֿ֮ƣɨ¡



һ֮£磬ףϾеؾʵҳΪ˿ܺǵʵٽԽɭɱһ֮Ƕɭ֮ڶûп㱻ɣףʵϵͣǱ

һػ֮ȫѣˤһȻȴŲ֫ɭ˹

ûɭǰʱɭŲ̣ϾϲˣȴͻȻյ׸ɱҰɣֻʹһҲҪܡ

ôˣ㱻˭ƣʲô˸ɵģɭʵ

ջǸŮˣ׸󣬿졭ǲ˵ͻȻһĨâһֻһѸٵɭ˹ҷԱʽϮ



ɭ벻ջǻᷢĽٴһƻյ㱬Ѫ΢΢ܵԱӰ죬Ѫڡ

ǣ͵˺һµʱͻȻоЩһΣյϢһֹޱȵٶȳϮ

ʱɭѾ˲ȥ˼⵽ôһˣʱͼΧͻȻųһɵâ

ת֮ʣͼһӰһ㣬ٶýɭͫѸ

׼ӰĴλ֮󣬵һһɿ񱩵¶ȥ



Ӱ뽪ɭһ˳ƣҲ˿΢΢֮ͣʣһɹϢһɴŻûӭ˽ɭ

ɭһӰ죬˼ȴɫ䣬ǸӰŭʲôˣΪλڴ˺Ҳ£

ȻҪпܵľûõģȻɱǣǾҵĿܰɡ

  Ա֮

  Ա֮

ǸӰͻȻ䷢һɹЦɭȴ˳ɵǸŮˣ㵽˭

ڣӰһڽɭɵǰ֣֮ǰǸɫŮӣɭŮ֮ȴɵ˿ɲŮ

Ŷ벻㻹еȻϵñС㣬㻹ͦСĿٺʲˡ

ɲŮԳԽЦЦУһɹһó޷ƣȻش뵽˽ɭ֮С

ɭֻǾЩŹ֣˹ֿ£ƽϢȴŭֵΣ֮ʣȴڴң㲻ãɡ

˵ţɭ˫һգһɸǿǿɨҶһǿʼĴɡ

ֻǵųǿ־ԸеµŮ֮ʣͻȻɫһãŮ˰ˣһɹϢʲôʱֵģҾȻûв

ɲŮȻһĽЦʱ򣬴ʱѾǼϣòˣɭûǹϢų־ټؼһɿ翪ʼŰ⾳㳯ɲŮӶ

ɲŮ·ԽɭǿĹӶʱȻЦţָ⴦һһţȴһɫһ

Ƕɫһ֮ʣɭĹѵɲŮʱӰһãָǺɫһȴǼŽɭϮ

ǣһȻηɭ⾳ֱӴ͸ܱ߲õǹ⾳ɭüȥ

ɭ󾪣ŮֹĹȻĻ磬ô˵ŮʵѾﵽ֮ˡ

֮£ǹһɭʱҲ˲ǱͻȻһƣ˫ƻһȻǰƣӭǶŵһ



һĻ䣬һ쫷磬ɢɭֵסһĹƣȴͻȻǺɫɢ֮ʱһɹϢͻȻʼҵطϮӿ

ɭ󺧣æ˹ҪϢȳ

ɲŮƺᣬЦŵ쾳ĿʰȷʵЩѶȲСϲˡ

Ц֮Уָʱٴ۳һɫһ漴һ缲һٴɭȥ

ɭۼˣŭ֪Ůı֮ˣǷף˵͵Ϯʱ򣬾˰㡣

ְϢʱûвǶɫһ֣һܹѾڵǹϢʼŰʱɭ֪쾳ǿߣӲŮǹ˵ƣȦס

뵽ɱҲһɾ֮⣬ɭ˼ͻȻ䱩һ忪ʼŤ漴һΪųǷ

Ƿų֮󣬽ɭЦŵɲŮҪϷĿܣ㻹ǱˣؾԿƣ쾳Ѿͨص˵ƾܿƵ˵ģϷİ㣬ȻҲùġ

ЦУʼѸٵᣬǶһ֮ʣȻҲǶһֱɲŮ

ɲŮˣüͷ𣬵һ㶼ˣ϶ʲôҲҪԱôСôôùÿҪԱ˺𣿡

ʵɲŮ뷨˽Ĳǰ漴ؾͿԿƸؼĸܣΪʵ̫ǿЩؾĸֵ־޷ֿ־Բıơ

ȴ˽⣬ÿߵУڵİϵĶսɱҲԸһû˼룬ûûĿܣߵԽߣ򵽵ĶԽ֮ʱ߱һԴڱһ־˼뾳磬ҳΪԺпҪ˺ԼˣԴ˶ѡԱַʽ

ڽɭ˵֪Ůÿĸ֣ʵǿԼУôܴܻΪܣųҲһġ

ǹϢŰȻҪ񣬶ȫͶ֮ͷųǹϢ޼ɵӰҲֻǣֹͷҪһԻԷĲġ

Ҳǽɭ˵Ĵ֮

ɲŮɭų֮Ƕɫһƺ˹Ա֮ò˼쾳ǿԱǿ˺ջǶңڽɭ֮ʣһݣһ

Ȼɭ˿֮ȴͷȻǰ˳ɲŮһмˣһٻ׷ָңһΣҪɱɶƻͷ

׷ȥɭƼ֮ʣɲŮҪһȻּǽɭٻˣǻһЦݡ

ЦɲŮܲ˺ҡ

ҵ˲䣬ɲŮɫһ䣬Ǻ׼ȷ˽ɭûϵɭųǷʱȴѾƽǿĹ



ɲŮæֵǷԱʽĹƣڵ֮֮£һӭǱǹӰ죬һģˤѪ

ɶ񣬾ңɡ

ɲŮ֮Ҳʱǽ֮ϣжʱһĨĹ⣬⣬Ҳ·ɾޣڽɭķ֮ϣص³һɹϢ



ǹϢµ˽ɭǷ֮Ϻ󣬽ɭɷһҽУʲôҲˣӭ֮ʣ֮󣬽ɭʱͬһڻɲŮԱʽһ

ɲŮɵԱηˡ



һɳľ*ʱһĢһ㣬ͻȻɲŮӶݵſһѪһ*һ㣬ž˵زеǬݳоǱǿҵĵ𣬰ǳأ˲䵹

ɭһλ쾳ǿߵԱͬСɣǻòǬݳУڳеĻУҲݻ١

ܵԱӰ죬ܱܵӰ컹ʮ־޴ġ

ɲŮƷɿ죬ҲܵǹɳӰ죬ʱڰ֮ϣ̲סٴοһѪдޡ

Ȼֻ׼ҪѰһطһ£׼Ҫ뿪֮ʣʱͻȻоһɲѸٶɫһ䣬Ѹٷӣ֪иˣһλɡ

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ɲŮӵһ֮ʣͻȻоһɼȱϢҪɽȫһ㣬巢·ҲҪһ㡣

ɳٻɲŮӶݵٶȣûӶԶ֮ʣͼһλƮȻ뷢԰׵ߣǿݵģһӡֱѹ



ӡ֮£ɲŮ˹ֵ˻δָһӰ죬ٴοһѪڵһ㣬䵽ϣҳһӡ

λߣĴѲӣ﷢޴󶯾ٸ档

ʱͼɭԱһĻˣֱӾͶɲŮĹŮңỵ˴֣

  

  

һ֮£ɲŮ֮ͼɲŮڶ𣬾ȻûҪӡ

üͷо⣬Ůʵǿղһ˵£ҲȡˣŮȴȻûйŹ֡

ҲôŮˣٴ׷ȥٴδһӡҪȡ

ס֡

ʱ򣬵׼ɲŮʱͻȻһմ漴һɹѹ£һɷ־ǿнĹƽΡ

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׻ǡ

Ǻε֮ˣ˵֮жϳ˴˵ɳһΪֹϷŮ

ӵŮȻɲŮҷҪ׽ģκҲȡֻµķ䡱

һӾˣѵͶЧޱǣ

ǡӵ

ȻˣҲգ߰ɡȻ֪ޱ˭Щ⣬ҪɲŮʲô

Ӵʱһ֮һѴ֣ɲŮ㲻ͱǴץУƴȴ˿Ѳֻ֣˿Ѫ󣬱˹ȥ

Ȼһ쾳Уʮֵǿ󣬵ڻӵЩ뵽ֵ֮Ӷ͵İ׻ǵΪҲ͵ǿǰԵЩС

׽ɲŮ֮Ҫ뿪뵽ʲôعͷ棬ĴѰɲŮ֮ʱڱһ־ӿʼƵļҪƾڴ˵սңѪӵٶȼӿ죬ûйЩ֮£Լ׵ǡ

˵գӴɲŮΧһͶŤĲ֮䣬ʧ

Żʧķ룬ɨһ۾ؽ磬ȴ֪̾ˣչ黹Ҫ۵ģ𣬱Ǳ컯һģһġ



Ļ򣬿죬

ս棬ܱһŷܱߵĹâԽԽǾҵ𵴣Լ֮нɢǹɫĹâʹǿɳŰҲ֮

һƬսϿգڶ͸ĵɫĹâʼļⱾԴ֮ҲͻȻú֡

ʱںȻųһǿҵİâʹƬսΧضҡǱԴ֮Ҳڲͣزš

ǼϢĹͻȻ㻯һ⣬׵ʧֻʣǰ֮ϣƮһӰ

Ӵʱ˫΢գѾԴ֮ȫȡϣڽĵڣͨԼ⾳֮еɱԴ֮ʼںϡ

ͼ壬ʱżȻԼɲͬĹâؼڲͣر任ţһķģҲܱ߲ϵ֣漴ӿڡ

һߵһĻ̾˹ȻŰȻôķ򣬲ܹʼķģǣֻҪ˽巽Դ֮룬ȫԽ֮ʼʱռķ򣬳Ϊˡ

˴ԼϢĹ򣬴ʱӵ۾ܱߵЩâɢȥͬǣ˴ȡ˱Դ֮֮ԭ⾳֮вų־ӵҲвֵй

Ҳ˵ѾĻѾӴ˷豹ˣֻҪ裬ͿԽ֮ˡ

ʱӻ䣬øӦһɲϢüͷĵϢôе֣Ӵ

漴ӸӦϵģָӦԼϵģʲôüͷøˡ

ˣڻҪҪȥѰҪԴ֮ͱԴ֮ľԴ֮

ҡͷڻҲУⱾԴ֮һżҪãԴ֮ľųϢҲܼӸʴ½ٶȣ˴ķ֮Ҳٹ˼ɽ뵽䲻й⾳̺֮Ӷ˼޹ҵȥڵ

⣬ˣľ磬ЩϣԶ֣߻ӣ̾ܽ𣿡

ҡͷǰҾ˵㳢Ϊȥ˵֮컯ˣЩ飬ǲ׵ģⲻֻǽЩֱɱô򵥵ģΪǣ컯ˣӰȫ֣ԾͱҪ˳Ȼر컯һͲӰ쵽컯˲

˼ãЩ̫⣬ӿһʱ޷ҲͣЩҪͨ˲С

ˣҪʲôȷʵоѶһ⡣

ӣ㲻˵ʥôķȡأѹӡΪռ䵱еʱ䣬֮Уı׶أҪԿ飬ҪȽЩ׶أΪе˶ԶʶΣԱҪʶС

˴ȡ

ȡӵ



ȣӵӡ֮УǱȽ̵ģĿռĴڣô˴Ĳ

֪ͨȵ֮ҲȻİڣһڵĿռ䣬²ʱռ䷨ϵĴڡ

Եķ֮󣬾;ѹķӡռ䣬ܹǡĺôġ

ɽС

ʱվӵߣоԼޱȵңԶ֮䣬Ǿˣ߱ŵʣҪ˾η

˵Ҫȡȣ⵹üʮֵ𾪡

֮˽꣬ûоͨ͸ȵ֮Ȼ˵ǰµһʥ֮ʱվ÷˼Ҳʵ벻ʲô֮

ӾҪѹӡռ䣬ȻҪȫ֧֡

˵ʱ䣬˽֮лʣµһȫǨ˳ҽҪ֮Ҳȫ˳Ժе˴ʱվɽĸ֪ôȡߵġ

ӳͷʾ⣬ʱԼյҪȡȣܻһЩ𶯣Զ㣬վɽ֮ϡ

ԣȻɻ󣬵ȥǿʼ롣

ӵ˰ʱ֮󣬼ɽ˶˰ȫشһ֣ͻȻֳһŵȻĹ⻪

ǹʱӽһףʱһ̫һ㣬Ѹգ˹ڵϿա

ڴڼ䣬ͼ䣬һģľһ㣬׷׿ʼǹ֮е֮ӿ˹ȥ

ӵ񣬴ʱǷ֮ԺѸٵؾҵǹʵڵһʽĿռ䡣

ĹȵĿռ䣬ԵЩĽ뵽ռ֮ԺӹȻǸռ֮гֵģķտռ֮гֵǸǺƵġ

  



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ӽķע뵽ȵĺĿռ䵱ԺĿռȫϣһѴ򿪱صԿס

ռ䱻֮󣬵ӵ־־뵽ǸռԺǿռҪķǺ֮£Ⱦǰ㣬ǿҵķӦ

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һضҡľ죬ڹȵĿռ俪ʼŤĲ֮ʱʱɽھҵҡΡ

ҲѾڽƵĽˣֱȡĻĿռŤĲὫɽԲһΪƽصġ

⻹˱ԴĹ֮󣬳γȡڶڵĿռ䣬Եø

ǹŤĿռ䲨֮УһεʱͻȻͺǳ˹ȣһͨ۸ķʽڶ𣬽ϷǸ̫һӦ

ȵĿռʮֵӴӽԺǹȵŦռ֮УŸıڲķĹ仺С



ʱһ̶ŤǴһ¡󣬹֮е򱻸ı֮ռ㿪ʼС

ֱԼһӰʱ򣬾ѾļˣҪС͸оЩˡ

о̶ֳȣҲˣ˫ƻƽһɹɱԴѸ翪ǹס

ȱӿԺ󣬴ʱɽܱҲָƽ

Զɽ֮ǣȴɾ˿

ͼԭȴڹĵطһɽѾʧǱΪƽأֻһޱȿտ޴ƽԭƽԭ֮ϴݲȴķҷϢȺɽ֮УһƬϣҰֲʳĻһ֮ء

֮󣬾һ֮Ƴһɽһ㣬ûио˿ѹͷ󣬱ǹѸ뿪ɽ

ʱԼյ˻ὫͶŵǲԭȪѪӷӡڣҽǲԭȫùѹסȡ͵ظʥǲõǸǬܹ벻ã˻ὫȵڲõǬ֮ڣڲõ棬Ӧ˵˼

ˣʱǰһһǵķֵܹס鸯ʴĲĻγɽ֮ǿͨԽռʵʩԡ

˼ʾҸǣȡʥ֮ǰһ֯ռݣҪǽ˵˽齫ǸԺĸǻлرġ

յҶ¿ɷġ

˵ͷ֮ΧһŤ漴ʧ

մʱ׼Ҫȥͨ飬û߼ͼҴҵظ˻üͷǱΪƽ֮գô£ǿϮôˣ

ձڣǿϮల£ȡ˹ȡ

ʲôȡ˹ȣũһһҶĿռ䣬ȡߣ

Ǳϸؽȡ߹ȵḶ́Լ뿪ʱĻũϸؽһ顣

ũ֮ŻȻ벻ĴڣϹʱµʥֲǻʱ䣬޷ƽȵİأֱӵŽƿԭˣҲڤڤ֮еһ컯

յڣλ߸½ùѹסȪѪӵķӡҵڲ֮ʱҲ֮У飬Ҫ׵ãʹٲ죬ɭ֮ôЩơ

ũɭȷʵһ⣬ɲŮ֪ģԴʲô뷨Ҫȡ֮£ҵԻȥ빲һǣȷʵúúðһޣҪͷ֦

˵գũհٺ˺͸Ǭ沼֮󣬾ʹҴ뿪



ǲԭ

¸գӴŹ֮󣬾ð˲ٵ飬ƬȲԭҲѱ鸯ʴΧĻҲüΪӡ

ֶӵĻӰ죬ҲܵӵЩطĿռ䣬һŤʼǿ

֪ռǳԺѾʼɳռЩռˡ

ʱޣӴʱҲûЩŰ飬ǽǳ˵Ĺȣ䵽ǲԭ֮ϡ

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ȿռ䱻ԺֿռŤĲʮֵǿ󣬾һɽͻȻѹԭ֮ϣЩǸӣ˻֮󣬾ͱǹȿռѹһƬ촷ۡ

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䵽ǲԭ֮Ϻ󣬴ʱһضҡ

ӲϵشķĽ뵽ǹȵĺ֮УʼѸٵؽȵĿռŴ󣬸ǵǲԭܱߣ컯Ǹȶõĵص

ռŤǿıԴ֮ĸţʹƬռݵĴأ˲䱻һεͺƬƽԭ˲ʧһ㡣

ӽͶŵ˹ǲԭ֮ԺҲûеΪⲢǰһʯͷѹһ֮ô򵥣ϾǵݻŸѿĻǻὫʯͷġ

ԴʱѸٵؽ뵽ȵĺĿռ֮Удһķ֮ȻѸٵǱ뵽ǰȡԴ֮ˮʱ뿪Ǹӡռ䡣

ռ֮󣬷ռмʼ𣬿ЩĳʮֵǿģǴʱܹһɹӡռ䣬ʹռڲ

ûЩǵĳӴʱһķƬӡռ䵱С

Щڿռ֮пʼγõʱƺȺĿռ֮еЩĹϣʱͼ˲䴩͸Ƭӡռ䣬ǹȿռ֮еķԽ

ɷĹԽ֮ɲǼ䣬ӡռͺǱһصıһ㣬ЩԭҪѵĸо˲ϢֹͣǹѸټࡣ

ùѹӡռ䣬õģȻֻʱģЩ黹ǻ忪ܻⲻٵʱ䡣

뿪ӡռֵ֮ȵĿռ䵱Уѡһڣﲼ÷Ĺ򣬽һڣȻֵǬӵĵطǸһĹɵڣһʵ֮ʱȵĿռ䣬һõսԻش

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Ŷ⻢ӵİЧʵͦ죬벻ˣȽɲŮҪˣҲҪȱȡúֱ֮ӽɲŮԭԭͨ龳ȥŮдá

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ӵһ˵ҪȡһҶԱȽҪĶ

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ͻȻŮĻ

һãŵˣҪ˼ŮϹʱ֮еǿߣһλߣôܻһΪǸССϣ֣ҪȡĻҲǷǳѣʹȡҲûð

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⻰˼ˣ˼·˼ȷʵΣѵЩĴڣڱƶ

ӵͷӦ֪Ǹʱ컯֮㲻ҪֱᷢʣΪᱻɱѵľ޷

£Ժ󣬾ҲûлȥһֱǱռ֮У˵ʲô˵£ںʲô

±ȻЭѵܱ֪»ȥԺɱڡ

ӵԺҽܸ߻ӣȻҲں£ûһǿ֮ǰ»⵽ڻҵ֮󣬹ӲŻΪҰ¡

ȻˣΪǹӻȥ

ȴǸһ־Ҳһֿ飬ȥô˵ͶЧҵѼᶨԺҲηԥ߲Ըȥ֪Щ֮⣬Աԣûκμֵˣ𲻻־ǵġ

ţ̾ÿһ飬ûʲô壬벻溬ôµĵԺҪѧϰģиࡱ

ӵǾ仰Ϊǻʵֻ࣬˼ķͬˣǰ˵ЩԺЩ⣬ˡ

ǲ⣬ˣô島Ϲϵ

ӵϴֻӡɣǲͬҵʱ;еΣǱԴ֮ηĴڣֻȴܹȡ׳Լûзһˮɫӣȫľɡ

ĻĹսĿռңֹսϢ֮УһϴеϢʮֵƣⲻУҲеģȻǱˡ

׽ɲŮŮ

ӷ֣ҪеһЩؼ֮ȷʵЩѾ֮Уһİ֯ʱ̲뵽ЩռķӡЩųӪǵ硣

֪֯ɲŮ֮ҲһֹŹֵĹǾ֯ԴŮʮֵľη˵ɲŮݺܲ򵥣ⲢǰηʵԵʣһԭ򣬶ԭٴӴŮԳԺ󣬾ʱŸƬңɾ͵ڰ֯ôԲ룬˴ĻǵҪ춯ңѵֻΪ˺棿

˾ͨɲŮŮ˵Σܲǰ

⻰οص˵ͷˣ˵йֻһϵŮͲͬˣ˵ɲŮпŮһöӣһһö֪컯岿شѪϵӡ

ʱͻȻðһ仰Ȼˣڵ֮УҲӣָô

£漴ҪģȻҪ취ֹͨкϲ⼸Ƭռ䣬⼸Ƭռбӡϣڸ滹û׼׵֮ǰȷǷӡؿռӡƿȥΨһҪˣѾû·ˡ

йصĻ嶨

ҡͷЩŪģѲܿƣ嶼ѱǻͼЩʲôʵʣȲ̸ЩЩ汾Իȥȡɡ

˵գȥƬ̣˼ʧ֮ԺŸȥ



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ʱŸоԼһλĵܹ⾸һУҲָ˼ְȻķȡ

ѾڳΪܣټǲȱĹ֮ѾŤ

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һΣҪʵֶԸⶫ»֮ʣһⶫ£ͳһΪǧһۡ

£ǱǧĵҲǿԸֻҪܹʵԸֻһָоôҲֵˡ

ǰǻԻ͵һĺȴǳһһж˵ѾںˣֻʣԸһֱ͵ֻҪʵԸʲôĶ

ĸ飬ѾɱӣͼռŮʱ̣ѾʣµǸӣҲδůıϲԼҲδĳǻʲôֻҪǵ˭˭͵

Դż̲µڴ˾ӪУ

ֻǵ˾ӪУ֮ɫʱͼУ֮ϣֻϡϡֻʮ٣ʮУ٣Ҳ޾ɣԵʮֵήңоӦеɷ

һĻŭƣ㳯վǰһλ󽫾еԣ޽յΪֻôˣʿȫޣô£

ߵĽһֱĹλ˾ѾȫˣǼҳϡ

ʻǰ𣺡ϣϮ½򲻶ӿ붫µһƬңʳȱнʿѵΣ֮ѾֻţѵִߵΣҪ̣ȱӦտԽʿǼʹǳڲϣҲ˲٣ȻǲԸȥ̣˵

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Ե˵Σ࣬ϲӦĺٹͬԿ飬ȴҪңսɱԼ壬ֻӹ޵ɥĲĻʵֵۣΪ֮Чҡ

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⻰ǱŭʲôھɢЩҥԣȫɱҪš

˵գصŷԣǲҲģ

ԵҪǣǻҪΣʱսɱѣҲˡѴ

ŭЦǿЦ

ЦãֹͣɨУϵڽʿ˭Ҫֹͳһ£

µڽʿǴʱɲԥ֮ʣʱͻȻһһУ٣ʹһ



ͷУʮֵĴ̶ͼšУٵͷ­ѪܵЦ˭ֹͳһ£˭͵ִоΥ塱

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ԻҪȰɣͻȻһƻؿڱһƺ󣬾ǷһԶˤ䵽ϣһѪ˶

벻εİҲΥޣֹͳһµĴҵ޸һλᣬִȫ

⻰һֽʿϡϡӦ뿪ʣµһԥ£ıŰҲѸٵӦ뿪

뿪Ժ󣬻᲻ʵִͺ˵ˡ

⼸겻ʹ£˼ȫ֮ϣѾ볼뽫ʿģȻִɱİΪʿǺġ

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Ƕھ䣬ȴһƬȻԹص׷ָʵۻӹ޵Ұվܲ

һЩѵ˵ˣܵһЩ˰еɿ֯ھо;Уپ٣ڵʳȱ֮ʣбӵʳˡ

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ڣЩ뿪ӵʿǣҲ׷׿ʼԼڧһ־ߣʹþľڻδ֮ʣܵصĴ

Щʧ֮ñףڻʹ֮вϵɱˣʹûʹѪɺӣеɢӡ

ΪԸȻûЩңУʿӣԳһ·İգɱ⴦ѪƮƣһٹݵؽ磬ŲƵһ

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գһƿƾǳţܻʵߣ빥ռƾǣٴλصΪƬ´ƴϤĵطƻʹ֮ʽ

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ˣ뷢ֲбսΣĲбٶŭˡ

գ׻ƾ֯ȫչжھڲĹԱؽʿͬһʧ١

ڵ죬Ǳʧٺüľ̫ͻȻȻھ֮У׻ƾֵİи֮£ܾ⣬ַһŽбӣ׵Ĺ

ʮһյľݵؽһӶᣬ׼ʽĹ֮ʣӪ֮ͻȻֻ䣬һɱǱӪ֮УԾĺսӻҪչһϴʽĴɱ

ھл䣬ʹһʿڧӣٴش

ʮգٴݱ߾ķֶɣǰ;֮УȴĹӵĹͿڷֶɣħȫûߡ

ʮգ׻ƾ֯ĸ£Ĺռȫ

ڶʮպĽӦ֮£Ĺӽ뾸ǣӹܾȫƹԼ

ڶʮһգһڸصİ£ָȶֻռڵգͿھǰʽٴȫ¸ֹͣңͬˣӦ٣顣



ȻıŰԵŤⳡսѪȴҲʹµƽϢʱҲһ˿

ܵѪӰ죬ķӡռϢѪ֮ٴλԾʼϵسŷӡ

ֲ飬ȪѪӵķӡùѹǻǱ忪ʱ䡣

ѪϢĴ̼Щǰӳǣ򶫲ɵٶȼӿ죬ʹͿ̿ƵƵϣۼҪ컯õǬ

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ڰĿռŤѾԽԽǿңһɹеĲÿ춼ᷢǿҵ𶯣֮ϣԨѷ죬·Ƭռ䣬ʱܻѿһӡ

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ȡԴ֮ĿǰѾΪӵһȫµʽһз򣬶ҪͨĸǸε



ȡǱԴ֮ľ֮ʱʱڱвش޳վһƬ谵ǴĿ⡣

ʱлƮһɴ̱ǵĸ֮ζһѪζ

ɱ

ʱһƬտƽԭ֮ϣİߣգڵĶ磬ߣȴǸɿݸʴһƬ磬γһʮĶԱȡ

ǵ룬һǬ

ʱǬĳڸһϮسǬ󣬶ڴ֮еЩߣÿ϶һɱһ֮ʱǱӭȥԼżҵƴɱ

ʱվִת붫ϵɫʮֵأͨͨǬԸҲѣֻǾѹǣЩȫǵԤϡ

ĿǰǶǽ֮еϵ߼ŶɱȻС鷱ܵٶȺܿ죬ǵӴҲЩܲסЩһһĹơ

ԶƣޱԱߵĶЩͨ飬ɱǲ£̫Ӵ󣬶ǵЩٶȱȽϿ죬пܻΪʱǵķٶȽ죬飬øӵӦֲϵĲˡ

  ʱֹͣһ̣

  ʱֹͣһ̣

һֱŸɵԿϻĬ޵Ļ֮ȴĵطҶˣǴҪĻôӶ

һӦ࣬⾫ӣ²ʵһľӣʿʵСսпܻΪ֮еһԱ͸׳ʵ⵹ͷ۰

޵ʲô취ʹЩսĽʿ󣬲ЩתΪǵһԱĻôǺ¸ľǰͲЩˡ

˵ͷϷĹ۲оʵת飬ӪֶӵĻҷ֣Щ֮УҲһЩԵĴڣЩתĶЩԵ飬ʵͨҪǿһЩ

ɫһ˵ܽЩԵɱ⣬ôĿԣӣ

ǿУ⻹ǿĴڣǶԸ飬Ҫ׼Ҫ֣оЩӵȥ

ʱһǧĵӣ棬һ˵нͬķ

Ŷ롱

ˣɫһ޶һۣ嵱Уǻ۵˲ǲʶЩʱѾ뵽˰취

һλӱһλλˣһͨˣûϰȴһȻ֮ʵӣʲô֣нͬķ

λشСлǧƣĹ˴ǰصǰѧʦоһЩֻЩֻǽй򵥵飬֪ЧΡ

һǺ棬ʦкˣʲô˵

ǧƵѧʦʥǾо֮Ĵɽʯ֮УɼһЩʯټһЩʯۣľ̿ѪݣΣ֮󣬾ײߵ

սʱÿ϶ϵõַĩǲԱߵͬɽĩȼߵͻȼգֱѪϢȼմһ޷ͬ

λʥλѧʶԨ˰ķĩʹãټɢĻôȫԽѸͬ⡱ˣ޵

޵ⷽȷʵֵһԣɢѪݣǼѰĲϣһʱ֮䣬ǿ޷ʹð

ǧƵĹأĿǰѾڷѼЩϣռ֪ʶͨðռЩȡʳ԰նܻϣ˴ѧǰҲһ֣ѧһźλǰĿ

ӹź

޿꣬һôԶ·̣;еɽˮģ

ǧƵѧ˻͵ģܹΪһѧ֮ڣ֮֮־֮ǣѧҲһĥ

ˣҲ̾λʥ˾尡̳ѧ˷ǣһЩǣҲ޷Ⱑ

ź֮󣬵ͷҲץ˼ֻй飬ЧҪҵȫЩѧޣδսĵӵռزϣʼ죬ԷһѷӡϮ

һ㵽Ǻʱ޵

س֮ʱҲ¸³ߣֻһµʱ䡱

Ȼˣ²˳٣ټеĳǰһλ飬Щǽһжɡ

Ҳáͷ󣬱ͷ¡

գԶΪ׵ĸŻǬʱӪ֮оУڻڱػδռݵ֮ϣʵʦŵӣɢڸأʼĴѰϡ

Ǭ֮ϣҲͬ龰ͼɽҰŵڴģѼЩϡ

ڶĴ֮ϣΪ˾ܹһϵеƣΪŵӣذҲԷ֯ڰѼЩԿĲϡ

ڸľѵ֮УҲ˶ԸѵĿڼǿѵ

£ʱ̣ʮѵõŽһģΪԿϮÿ˶ھԼŬ

һƸΪƴҲϾĿ飬Ҳ



ĺƽϣʱ󣬾ĺ˲ϵγһУںоһͷŭľޣͣŰš

Ƿ籩˵ĺģͼһɽɽĵ£һʱڲͣҡţϾ*ĵƬ֮ϺʹƬڲͣزţʱпܱû

ʱ籩ĺ֮УͼƬӡռ䵱УԴ֮ľѾʧһգǷӡҲڲͣزţʱпܻᱻƿ

ʱѾȫԴ֮ľȡ˻ĿǰڣΪֱԴ֮ںϣʹľ磬ڲĹУڴﵽһٽ㡣

ֱԴںϣټӶʱ򣬽뵽һްļľ硣

ʱ緢һУ֪ʮֵܹӦ嵱ЩƬĵԼЩ鷢Ҫź˻

ͻȻʱȻǷӡ֮лһ˳ɲǼ䣬֮ϵķ籩˲Ϣֹͣ*ҲɲǼƽϢ

ʱ֮Уͷ·һжֹͣˣʱҲƺֹͣһ㡣

ʱڴ½أƴɱЩߺǣͻȻǵĶסߵǣͻȻ䶯ҲֹͣЩˣҲͻȻͣڣû˿תͣ˼Ϣ֮

ǼˣʱоЩԸķʱо֮󣬲תͶסˣȻȵؿߵǸɳ©ȻҲֹͣˣ˼Ϣ֮Żָ

һĻ˾֪ͬһǿĴӰʱ䷨ı仯

һеһУǶΪ֮𾪣ǲ֪⵽ô£ΪʲôʱͻȻͣ˼Ϣ

ȻֻǼϢϢı仯Ӱ죬Ҳͬ

Ӵʱ֮еں֮󣬾ͼһɹɵķģܱƮţΧһȦɢǿҵĹâ

ŵһĻ֮󣬾ϲӣ૵ǳʱռ䷨ƣҪľ𣿡

̧ͷͼӴʱһɷĵĳ֮£ڶ֣ڲ֪Ҫδ

ȥʱһֹͣƺ޷κεĶǱӡסһ

ֻӲЩģջһ⣬ʧ

  𣡻

  𣡻

ʱֹͣһ̣ڽӴʱķ֮ʱ

ڿԽʱռ˲䣬Դ֮ںϣһǰδľ֮С

־磬ǻ

ʱ֮ɲǼ䣬ӱһĵһƬ޵Ŀռ֮С

ûʱš

Ƭռ䣬Ҳƺǹ־Ӱ죬ڲϵչĴıԴ֮Ϊոӿ

ʱĴ߻۵ģ˫չü֮еǸ㣬ʱһε˳

һΣųâϽɫһִɫЩɵİף͸

ǰһͻ֮ʱƲͬһüĴųĹâ־۳һ֮󣬶ֱӴ͸޾Ŀռ䣬ҵ컯Ƭ컯ռ䵱е컯ࡣ

һɲǣ컯һ۾֮⣬ӻཻ

ӵ־Ӱ죬컯֮⣬ںȡһ֣ʱͻȻ˼֣ԭ컯飬ȻҲһЩ΢ı仯ףȻ˼º͡

ĿǰѾڿʼӰ컯࣬컯̺֮־Ӱˡ

ͬʱǺ嫵֮УޱǵǺ˵еһɴǻ֮۶ɵ壬üĴޱǺ˴ʱ˾ҵĹâ

ţǺ֮е壬ͻȻվǴżοЦ⣬漴ͳޱǺˡ

ɲǼ䣬Ϊ֮âһ㡣

ľÿһ߳񷹬ʱǳȫ۽ϣַʽӭǵľ

ޱǺ֮񷣬Ƭǿ֮УͻȻһλȻǳΪ̾͵ǹ㳯Ǹλǰ㼱ʻơ

⴩ʱͨԴ֮Ƭռ֮󣬴ʱΧķĹâҲࡣ

ƺǸӦʲôʱͻȻ۾

ͼƬռľͷһＱʻ

Ӵһ˿Ц⣬һʱƬռͻȻǱһ㣬˵壬ǿ֮ϡ

һΣ鵽ǳµָо

ָоʵÿǾ־ں֮оģⶼֱӹ۲쵽ġ

һ̣ƬǿյľѪ

ʱǷһǣȻӵǰֹͣһǻ֮ɵһӵ壬ͻ쾳֮ʱķֲ١

Ψͬǣ壬ȫһ۶ɣû꣬ûж˼룬ֻһӷֳ־ͱܡ

ʱվӵĸǰĺһʮС

ӻһǾƺʮֵĻһ⣬˲Ϣӵڡ



ǻӵ֮Ӹоһ

ķ壬ȻԼ⾳ǹɽ⾳ʼлںϡ

ޱߵ־ӴʱǺ嫵֮УΪҫ۵һǣǳ˼Ĺâȫһ㡣

Ĵ֮͹ǻ֮ʱҲﲻͣڻţ뵽ӵڡ

ǻ֮Ӱ죬ӵ־ĸ֮£Ƭ֮УһֵǣʱͻȻ俪ʼָյļ»

ÿǻ֮ľںϵĽһΣеǳӵʢ

ӵüĴʱޱǵǺˣҲʼ˳Ƕ֮ϣʹڴ˿̣ĳΪ

ʱûţЩǳĸգǹ⸲£ʹЩûǹ⸲ǵĺڰռ䣬ҲڲһЩµ

һУӴʱı仯ڷ΢ı仯



ͬʱƬãã֮ϡ

Ĺ֮Уԡ֮е棬ͻȻо⿪ʼʱͻȻٴ۾֮һĨţҲԵüȵķŭ

ŭʹʱһħһ㣬֮ŵ⣬ɨ֮һл촷ۡ

ɶСӣȥ㣬֣벻Ȼƣֱ̫

ŭһʱһ֣һ˲佫ݶһ촷ɢ漴滯һ⣬ڶԼıǳڤǵĺ֮С

뱾ǳ֮ԺһӦ񷵱־ǵ֮󣬵ЩѪ

֣־Ӱ쵽Щܱߵǣһ̣ȻڿʼգеǳѾȫĸڤǵĿƣһɹɵǻ֮ĵ֮вͣͣڤǳȫϾκεĹ

ۿһɹǻ֮Ϊ˿еͣʱףʮ׳벻ͣڲţţȻ㲻·ôݹֱˡ

ڤǺˣֻصǵϵ֮

׼֮ʱʱһλͻȻ˽е棬ˣӺȸӺѱˣǸͽȻҲˣڲǻ

˵ʲô

һʱ־ŭվǳ־˲佫һ촷ۡ

漴侲Цƾ벼ǻ˸ӣҲɲʲôǿ̽Ŀǰںδ

̵棬ֻ֪ȸӺ̨֣Ҳ֪Ҫʲôӣһֱûв鵽䡱



ŭһͻȻ屩ˣصײһʯ̨֮ϣһѪ

ŵӣȥ飬һҪ鵽ͽ䣬з֣ϧκδۣɱۡ

ĨǵѪ֮һĨ֮Ҳ̧ͷֵֻʦȸʦδã

ǾȻҸͽᣬһɱ˭ɱǣԿȡǵΪһ֮

ǣ֮󣬱˳ƬΪĴ

ʱѾŭƣڤǵǵǻ֮ޱԭƵһٰѾޱǲʳǰмɱ֮죬ǹɳڱܵضη壬һֱԥûж֡

һΣ֪ٲʲô򣬺ܿᱻ־ɵΪūۺͽ

ҪԵǸϵ֮УȥֽԵ

ҪΪľκвĵλ

Ȼųʱ򣬴ʱͻȻĹӰһ㣬ͻȻ䵽˵ϣ棬δȥ

  ǿ

  ǿ

Ȼ˸ҶԼ⻰֮󣬴ŭ

ҪǶλޱȵÿһ״ĹĺӣȻĮؿ

Ůˣˮ㳤Ķ䣬üĴֻۣ֮üͷòƽϢеķŭλʹŮ֪кιɣ

ŮҪ㣬ҵһ˰ɣλ

ʲôŮҪңǧ֮ڻδΪλǰҪ

֮ɫֳ֮һЩǡ

λȻģŮ²Ϊǩ鷳ģŮһҪҪȥ죬㻹ҵȥŮԻԸ

ŲΪǼģ˿

ǧǰŮġǩӶȥ²֮Уɱ컯֮ӶҲáǩٵһֱŮ¶鷳

Ҫ죬ɫָ˼ַɣǾͶλʹŮ·ɡ

ʱһǵǸӣͼǺͻȻųһɫĹâɹâĶԽ֮£ײһѤõĻһ㣬˲۳һš

״ĺӣȴʧ˶λʹŮС

һλʹŮһǵУ֮аŮʵȻоֱܹͶӰռ䣬򿪻û֮š

ţҲǵһʹŮ֮󣬽һâűʧӰ٣ûκεĺۼ



־ǵĺǿ֮УʱӵȻǷǵϲ㡣

һһĽ£ޱǡ

ͨЩ챻ǰļ䣬ںӿǺ嫵ǿգ뵽СջͳƬ棬壬ջǻ

Ƭ֮УÿһƬСǿյĸ£ʵһͨǰһЩ䣬Ѱǿˮɫ

־֮£ȻûҵǿɫвһԻС

ѵ嫵񷣬ֻһλռ֮еռ䣬Ĺ磬᲻ĸߵȼλأ˵֮䲢ڡ

ʱռķſʼӴЩ⣬ûдﵽĲΣţһ죬Ūеİ

ʱޱ֮еǻ֮Ѿȫɽڣһλ̫֮֮Уһˡ

µǳһֻҪԸ⣬ʱܻһǳƬãã֮Ϊ䡣

ͻ˻֮ԺѾΪһߣҲ˵ֻһ

һ߶ԣȻûôףΪУпǧ꣬궼ܹﵽҪ

ӴЩƮǰ

ĿǰǰģһƬƬա

⼸ƬطǿУΪӾĿģڰ֣ǹһ˿͸䲻ȥĿռ䡣

ռ䣬ȥһͨԴ֮Уģ﷢Լ֪ߵ顣

һƬռ䣬֮һǣĵطȡ˱Դ֮ʯıԴҲѷӡŰĵط

Ŀռ䣬ʵ壬ԼԴأֻΪĳ֣ռ䱻

üĴǵ֮ʱƬеһУô

Ŀռǰ棬һЩռ֮УһɫͨһֱӵĿռ䡣

һѪһռΪģļƬռչ

ò¾֪ɫͨ¾ͨԸռŰ̾͵ѷӡͨ

ֻЩףȻܹЩͨĴڣΪʲôߣŮȴֿռͨжЩͨ

ϸĹ۲֮ڴзһЩߡ

֣ЩҰֻͨһЩϸСķ֧ռ֮еģһĿռƬռɣ󲿷ȴƬռϵš

뵽֮ͨԼƬռ䣬ͷƬռ֮УһѪɫϢǻɫͨͨǹɻϢҲʮֵŨңʱͻͨͨӶ֮һ

Ƭڰռһˣַ֣һƬԸռ䣬ԼƬڰռڸ

ƬռǷӡռһЩô֮ͨеĿռԾȾͻܵͣƫһЩԺͨռͻҵĲҪǸռѹӶӵһռ֮С

Ӧñƻˣͨ⸡ռƫƵĻᣬӶһٳǷӡͨǻҰĿռͨӶ뵽һƬռ֮Ű顣

ƬĿռ䣬֪ء

ʱƬĿռƺҪƫǸռʱһ֮£ͻȻһ֣ǹ⽫һһ㣬ٵǸλѸٵʻȥ



Ӳ֪ãã֮УΪӴʱռķ֪Ƭռ˶á

ֻǸӦƬռƫƣڸ˹ȥֹ

Ƭռ˵ʱȫ½һϾĿ顣

ΪƬռƫƣʹô½ӡʼһЩɶļ½Ϊ֮š

ڱ֮УѹȪѪӵķӡʱһξҵĲǹɿ񱩵ĳȿռ䶼ڷҵĲѹռ䵱еǣڵȵʱ֮ʣڷĳŷӡϣܹƷ



컯ʱƲվڴˣŴص𶯣ԶĴأ̾ѺͽҪˡ

ԱߵܷɹֽѣͿܷŽһˣ˴ӵķЩķӡ֧Ų˶ãѾȡһʱ䣬˳׼һսˡ



滰δ֮ʣʱ½ٴηһǰδеĴȻ컯Ƭ½ϿգǴصĲҲڲͣš

Ʋ߿ڲĹǰѾ֪ͨˣЩǿ

ǾЩʱ䲻ϵѣӰ죬־ѾҲ˶ԿľЩ飬ϣҲ´һЩƻҲڲʵʩţڲг󣬾һʱ䣬Ҳˡ

ܺá

Ʋߵ鲢ѶԸͨ߾ɱľӾܹѵԺ󣬾ͿֱӿǬԵڶ׼ֻӪֶӵ򻷾ȾӰ죬߲ҵȵȸأʵǶĴڣĿǰصҪģֹԴ½ĸʴ̡

  

  

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ؾ䣬һ½֮ӿ

һУԴ½ӵ½вʼӡ

ӵٶȺȻӵĹдֻԵѣȴǼΪأһֱ䡣

еĸһɹŤ˺ƬռʮֵĻԾÿЩ½ؽӴʱ½ؾͻᷢһŤεѡ

ɽ

ʱҲʮֵķⳡ֮Ҳвٱûûп־壬û˼룬еֻһıܡ



ⳡֱ䷢ʱЩطر˺ѵ֮ǵطԨ֮Уһɹɺ𣬽űһЩӰһǵط֮ð˳ŷ˻뵽ľ֮С

ⶼЩֱ֮УЩӡ˺֮󣬴Ƿӡ֮ѳ顣

һΣŵڳɱӣ½ǹɻҰϢҲӵŨңȾƬεգͼʹ类һƬ谵Ӱ֡

־޴֣һܹ֮⣬С壬ֻͨЧ;ⳡѣʧС͡

֣ĻңѾ絽Σʱ̣ûбİ취ֻеȴ컯˵İš

ƲѾкüҹûϢˣͣĵľѪⳡֱ֮зĳЩ

ǼҲͬˣֻרĿһֱسֵʱԼλΪسֵķλʱ䣬ֱӹϵĴһֱʱ֮ɳ©Լ㡣

淢Ĵ׼ЧıʩܵʧС

ʱʱ֮ɳ©ԱߣоЩ֮ʣͻȻϵһ֮ʯ䵽̨һֱ޷⿪֮ϡ

ͻȻ䣬֮ʯʯ̨Ϻһɹâţһ죬ЩԺļˡ

˻عٿ֮ʱʱɴ۾˼ؽеб䣬ڷƫơ

漴ʱ֮ɳ©ʱ֮ɳ©ʱţʮֵĻϲɿ˳컯컯̨ϣϣˣڼƫƣƫܹܿϲĻⳡشѣǾܶɹˡ

ƲߵϣҲЩοȥ֪ͨһ£ø׼ѺľѵľӣҲ뼰ʱϸǬߣžǰߣɹ˴صֱսҪʽˣøλǿѲӣ˴εشӰ죬ѾֻѳˣԱܷش֡

˵ͷ󣬱Զȥˡ

Ʋߴʱ޾գ૵ӣصˣΪǽЩǿвһжҪˣ̫Сˣپˡ



ʱ޾յ֮С

Ӵʱǿ壬֧סƬռ䣬½λƫƵĽ̡

˵أʵһЩѾǳǾһ϶ɵһƬռ䣬һƬĴ½

ƬռƫƣʹǺڰռ䵱еӡʼɶӡǿҲʹѹ

ʱ޾֮Уһֻ޴ӰͻȻƬյС

ںõ֮۲֣֮һʥϴοǰ㣬һҲ֮е֮һ

֪һγʲô⡣

֧صƫƣϵñԴǿڸıƫƵĹ켣ʲô˲ˣΪΣһ̡

벻ѾΪߣ֮Ϊ궼ûˡ

Ƭ֮󣬿ѾΪߣÿһοӣӶһֳٶʵ֪λߵļ̳ߣʷһλΪߣҲһλߡ

ΪĽۻʱ飬ķԣ˴εǰҲµĴ㡣

ڿֻ֮ȻûֹͣѹƫƵḶ̌þ񲨴ѶˣƻѹطӡĻΪģӦʵ

£벻Ҫᣬ׼һ֮ģֻͨɹΣΪ廻һ

ĴѶ֮󣬴ʱͼͻȻ׳һ޺Ǿ޴ǿжסطӡռ䡣

Ӵʱʱоѹࡣ

סһĶݵġӵȻ˵һ֮󣬴ʱͻȻǿ˱Դ֮ͣʮɵǻʱطӡ֮еһǳͻȻ俪ʼػһЩ

ͼһǳâЩǳĺ֮ųǳǻ֮Ӱ죬Ҳ׷ײ˷Ӧ

һʹͻȻͨޱ־ʱ̣ԭλýƫơ

һĻ̾ߣµ־ҲΪ֮ηֻǸ³ΪߣߵĻܳΪߣǵĻ֮໥ں֮󣬲ܳΪۣ˵Ӧþ

ֻЦǻ֮۵Ļ˾ǻģһǸ壬ѾǹںΪһ壬ɾ˵ۡ

ȴûгΪΪ֪ȱһҪĶǾ۵



ͻȻһ޺𣬰һ޺طӡռس̵ƫƣּӿ˼֡

ռ䣬һŤеʼӾ磬˺ʹؿռ֮ϵһЩƬϵص䣬һ㣬ڸռ䡣

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⣬£ȻλһֱԱΪĽθһأҪʧ



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ؿռڱĳǿռƬϵصĿռ䵱С

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ǲϵĿռƬЩǣ׷׷

Ҫֵռ˺ѵȻԵʮֵСⳡ֮У

ʱޱȻѾڶ֮вϵعЩȥĿռƬ

ЩĿռƬɢ֮Уȴγ˸ǿУȻƬص䡣

ǹǣܵʧȴСġ

Σޱʶˣھ֮ʱ飬ȷģ岻ͨ컯ֻҪܹ컯ǣϣǾȥĻᡣ

еռ֮УֵܹסϮĽŲҲֻʱģŽյĽֻ֣

ңյȻֻߣַ֮УֻߣͳĿռ䣬ֻߣܳ׵ĸ飬÷ӡǣϣ

뵽ޱ飬ЭɣǶԵģȻܹǵȴ޷ʱֻʣǣ𣿡

ܹߵĶݣе̣ҲСôΪҹ壬ϣС壬Сӵͣ



ޱŭһΣʱ̣ϻôΪϣҪһȥڿǵĺ֮ʱǶȥĿо𣿡



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˵գޱһǾ޴һע⣬һ֮Уܿ첻Ӱ

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ѣϮѸΪֲϾǿԶԿġ

ǿռƬߣûжǿܹ֮ԿǿռƬֱʱһжᱻǹ˺ѵ˺Ƭκ飬ûĻᡣ

ʱһֱڿЩռƬķλΪۣܹǳϸ΢ƫƣӶǿռƬϮ

Ҫǣͨ컯ڲϵЩռƬڻûн뵽Ŀռʱͱһ컯֮Ρ

̬Ҳû޶ԣҲͬ컯֮Щ䵽һͷϵĿռƬΡ

壬壬ᡣ

ҪǾԵȨҪλ߰ǰǸ߰ͷ­ǵ

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ǿϣʱ̣ЩǰδеܹƷܹѷԼĳѹҲԽԽ

طӡռƬڰռתƫԽԽӽʱǹɷԽǿ

ʱƬڰռ֮УѾһ˷ӡѸٵسǻҰĿռͨſռѹСһռӿȥ

ãĿռ䣬ǺðһĻ󣬴󾪡



ʱһ޺ƬյдͼЩͨɫͨռӿȥֻ֮ͨӶһ֮ͨͻȻΧѸٲһеʹͨѣһЩ֮Уʳ˷顣

ǻмֻʮǿشУĿռ

תͼʱһʮƯ۾һɫ⣬Ѹ

ޱ벻ڻǿҵĽˡ

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Ϊǻ谵֮Уһ޴УҪƬ½Ѿ޿С

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Щˣǹһڸǰһֱţΰػܹɹְ֮ɡ

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ЩˣУȴȺ֮зŭشţʲôǴѣʲôǼҪĩգ˵ʲô

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һ̣ǻѵ֮ʣÿһԱ˿ǰ־

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Ʋ߸ܵȫľѪ֮Լǹص컯Ӱɵ컯֮۴֮󣬲ɵͺһ

ʱɫȴû˿ϲãǼ컯࣬Ƭ½һδǹɺҵǣ飬ҪᶨǵľģΪǵļ԰ΪǵǲǾǵıѪ붷־һЩһսɣսɡ

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ƲߴʱҲоеţ˿һοǼڣΪǿǰŽᣬ־컯˸һοȥĻᣬԼ־Щɡ



ںӵǸ߰ͷ­컯ĶݣȻʩԮ֡

ⲢǾͻ᳼δָǻ᳼ֻǵȡ˾ԵȨ֮Ҫ֮ĺ

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ͻȻһֱ֮޾֮Уҵӵ֮󣬱Ͷעϡ



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Цǲ޶ԣʳΪŪģȴƲסγΣǵڿԹ˲Ͼˡ

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ռ֮УҲĴڣʲôĻǺء

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ޱ޵ؿ뿪ķ򣺡ЩۣħһܵӦͷģȻ컯񲻳ͷǣҲŹǵġ

ܼǿվ˼Ϻ󣬾ʹæǬߵķܶȥ룺ڵλ㱨һΪֹŮ˵ĶħģǰЩ췢Щ£һħɵġ

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뱻ϴǰ֮룬ƺƵģ벻øǿ󣿡

뱾˫ۻ޹⣬ɫǷϣ⻰֮˫֮УȻһ⣬Ҳ˾񣬵ֻҪǿ˵ɣҸʲôԣ

ܺã˵ز˾Ǳ뿪һƧĵطܿʼ汾߰ɡ

˵󣬴ʱһλͻȻ£ǵþ뿪ˣyinǸŮûѾˣǵٱ֣Ե½Ϊ

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Ȼʵˣһĳ̣ȴȻڣⳡ֮Уܵʧ

ڵľأҲû̫ܵӰ죬һж͸¶һɹ졣

ڴˣ֮еһһǰţɢŵâĸƮں֮С

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ʹȴûһܹɣЩİֳңҲΪǴһõĻᡣ

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ڵϵˣʱͷѾڿʼðӦ컯ʥ컯֮УҪ컯ĵʮصϵ֮ϣһ˸顱

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ǿɱֻСŮ˵˵ʱһɲݱܾζߵŮٶԡ



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ЦԸˣõʱ䣿ѹŵǸˣ룬ھȥҲûлˡ

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һ־ŭǳٴŶ

˵Ļô޻ˣʹŮǩǳסǸܵĿռͨĻôҲͬʧȥЧ



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ڵʥҪ֮ʣʱͻȻһصĳǱ紵Ҷһ㣬˵ڰص֮󣬾ʹԽ컯֮ţصˤ䵽컯֮ǰ

ʸ̤Ƭ컯ʥأûʸƬʥ̳

ʥԺ֮У仰Ǿشһ㣬ڲϻ顣

ûʸûʸƫҪʸ

ʥ֮УͻȻһĨĹ֮󣬵Ҫٴν뵽컯֮ŵʱͻȻ컯֮ŵһ֮⡣

֮ʱ򣬵ʥҪûüӦ֮㴩͸üģ·һƬӰһʧȥһ㣬ص



ʥһûֻǸоʲôƵģһֿĸо

ֿĸоһǰδеĳʵУǰԼǻһֻþ֮УԵĲʵ

ֻǣԼΪʲôطʲôطʣʥ컯һۣס

֪컯֮еһʰĻ䣬ԭһֱڼŵеǶ룬컯ͨһ򣬻ĲǶһʱ;컯κһƽĻᡣ

ЩᣬͿÿǷܹա





֮ע뼸ģӹѹӡ

ʱķԺľȥתͻȻһں䶯˼£΢

΢΢Щ죬־ػ嶼ˣȻûȥ

ɨӹ󣬾ͼ۾һƬңںһ˿˼£ʱ

ҵӵӣ䶯˼£ƺл˵

ӻ֣һ֮󣬵Ҳսʱʲô˵ɣᡱ

һ֮ƺЩ䶯ʱҲܷصùĹ飬޷ƣ˱Դ֮Ҫ𣬵˱Դ֮죬Ϊ޷ɱ

ŮɱŮŮ񣬲ŮĵһֻͬͨĻʣʮֿ£ųԿƣŮɢ䣬䲻Ůһֱ취Ѱꡣ

ɲŮһӵŮǵˣһǳŮ뽫ɿͳĻʣɲŮͳ壬ǣ컯Ůͼͨ컯ȡ񣬳Ϊߡ

£ͨ෽֪һЩ˵ĻǱȽϸЩ֮ǰЩܡ

ӴļЩصʵҵ֪ӵޱ˳֣֪Ҳͳ֮

Ҳì˼룬ɱͶϣΪǰ̫飬ǲԭµģԥ

Ϊۣ֪ǿշҲ֪ڤǣǳ۵һĴڣҪǿȥǳŵģӵдˣҲַֻ

ӦòڤǵģΪһڤôγɵʯչӣᲨ񷣬ֱӵı׶˾ǻ֣ʹȥ

֪㽫еǳҲһڤǣֻҪҰѣκ£ҵҲɱҵģջûпסЩͷŮƣ˽֣ûԹԣֻǰһܣҲһ

ԽԽ죬ϵܻ治٣Ҳûбֳʲô飬Ǿ

ڤǵıʵҲһƬûκ巢ֵĿռ䣬һֱ뽫Լͳε԰ڤķΧ׵ĽƬռ

ҵʵԴĳֺ󣬾޷ٽ뵽Ǹռ𣬵Ƭռ֮һҲʵ飬ǾԺǵľͻᱻһߣǻŵ鿿Ͳᷢ

Ҳ֪ʲô֪ͨ˵컯һµʲôҪڣо﷢µżҲЩƬĸҲ京ֻ֣

֮ӴʱһǿҵĲ⡮ֻء֣ѾΪǰ˼֮Уֻ֮˵

ᵽֻӲ뵽ֻĿõֻصĻǰĴ˵еܵظ񲻺ƣ

µܣҲʱ䣬ռ䣬һзļڣطҲͳĴڣͨ컯䳹׵е뿪κε֪ôشڣγһֻ

ֻڣֻ粢ûа߶Ƶķת˵һ⣬ûнģձԺڵĿռ䣬ᱻ淢ĴڣҲӵڤйͨǵڤۣͿԿƬصֻ

һ룬ʱͻȻһһ⡣

ã棬Ĳܾڵļֵ

ϸ֮ӵĴڣǳˣһսᣬֻλ壬ʲô£ͨǰʬ徫ǣûгɢʶ꣬Ȼϸֻ߱ܣŮܣ˵һڹģôȻҲһλᣬԸⳢԣ

ˣûбֳʲôص۱¿ϸһᣬǸм֪Լ鶼ǲˡģǻţҲֻǿܣǧǧ˱һҲܵýѡ

ӵҪȥһ£Ҫϴ־ʧȥһеľ䣬һУ൱¶Ӥǰ㣬ֻƾı¿ʼԸⲻԸ᣿

⻰־ҵĲЩص¿Ըһд¿ʼĻ᣿

Ȼӵͷʲô飬ڲܸ㣬ԸĻȽ뾫ǳϴӲڤǺ֮Ȼָɳ鰲źԺԻύҪʲôһҲֻһ飬Ը⣿

Ը⣬¿ϸһ¿ʼĻᣬǸмһƾ´áѵص˵ͷ

漴ķģ󣬴ԼƬ̹漴ٻһǹɷĴŴ棬һ⣬˲Ϣ㻮ʧ

Լ䣬ǺӱԵǿңԶڤǣͻȻųһɹâ󣬱Ǻ֮С

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ãã֮ϣ*ڲϷڡ

Ƭ½ÿ춼ڷУ֮ϣľϾ*Ҳǽϡ

˲ͣĴذµĽʯµûȻ³ûκεַ֮ǹµ̡֮ͣ

ڿ*֮УɫӰʱǾ*֮дС㣬Ȼ*ͣϮȻǾ*Եȴһֱһڼۡ

⺣֮ûдֻȻǾǷھ*֮֮ˣĺŸһ㣬ǲĺ֮䴩

һˣźڰ磬ǿĿλϣԼһСһŵ롣

ǲڸ߿մУΪĿ̫ۡ

֪ǵıһλɷڲʱѰǵټѼһ㣬ǺⲻͣӶݡ

ʵͷ⼸˵١

ֻ׼Ҫ׷ȥʱͻȻӷȥѶϢҪֻмЩ˵٣ȴʱʰЩˡ

Щ⣬ΪʲôͻȻ˵ҪԽЩˣ۵ʵЩܽʹ۱Զ֡

ǾµִС

ԻӾ͵Ѽһ㣬ֻҪ˵гһ㣬ͻ׷ȥĸ羪֮һ㣬ӿٶӶݡ

ڲܵĹ̵УʵҲпʼɣһֱ룬⻢ӵʵ֮ǿ֪ģʱ׷ˣȴ˳ѣ֪ʲôơ

ӵں棬ֲɱǻûʲô취ܹѻӵ׷٣ֻܵǸβһں档

ܵʱǹúܻڽĹУǷһƮĺǺ֮ԼӵɹĽʱοϲãĸҵ֯ĺӣسǸ˹ȥ

˺һƬصɭ֮֮󣬴ʱǺΧŵһĸһŤ֮󣬻ӱ

ڰ֮УƬϸ۲һ֮ӷѶϢ˻㱨

һо׻зӦӱյѶϢ֪Ӹ񣬾⵺ϣܼӳԼĶ뿪

ë׵Ķ䶯˶֮󣬸˸èһĺ֮󣬱ѸٵǱ˵Уʧ



򣬹ǲԭǰ

ظס˹ǲԭڵȪѪӵķӡڣҲǹΪҵĵط

Ļ˵ˣһǻ谵ʴɿݣ۳ζ̱ǵ԰

һ룬գⰻȻĶ磬ǾˣһǧһǬ

Ǭת֮ʱųͺγһεǽƬ谵˿

ɱ

ʱһɱͻȻǹǲԭƽԭ֮ϴ

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еĽʿǱ֮ʱˣҲƣȻѪŲҵս

ɲʱ̣ǵһλѱֵϵǸС򿪣ʱȼǵ壬ЩսʿǾǹɻȼ֮УһƮɢ֮䡣

ǲԸԼʬ뾫ǹЩǵʳ˿Լܵİ취Ժ󣬽ʿһž˵֮ڱǰδеʿǱ֮ÿ˶ηȻҲԸԼս֮󣬻һкͬ

Щսʿ֮ǵĶȻڵһʱȼϵСǵϵıˣתΪһɱеķŭ̶֮󣬱ȻɱЩӿ糱顣

һɱսʿˣȻĿʽͬÿϵıȴһģÿ˵ģҲһġ

ڴʱ˿̣ǲֹ磬壬Ƕ֮еһԱЩ飬η͡

ˣǵһ̿ѵ֮ϵǬ߱ս֮ǰ˺ɱԾսʿǡ

Ȼ־壬ϴһЩ

ǽϤ֮󣬶ڵһս֮ɱ֪֮󣬵Ƿ鲢ǲսʤģǵĿǰ׳ڴ˴εĵγ͵ϮʱΪ͵Ϯǵ΢

ЩսʿУҲһЩŵӣЩʵǿһЩŵӣǽӵ񣬾ھʿ͵ϮĳѨʱʵǿƣڵĸѰЩԵ飬Ӷɱж

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ڱ򣬼ҵɱڳͬʱսս֮Ǭ֮ϣ׶ܹǱصӪء

Ӫغ󷽣һЩӪأŴԹս׼

ΪܹЩӿ飬ǰŽᣬڳĶԿ֮УӢ۵Ҳǻ۵˲ţڹǵǻķԸ顣

ΪֿǰʹǰŽһ¶ԿʱҲʹǵǻ봴һǱĬת֮УǰĿʼչ׳ֻҪ飬壬Ҳ᲻֪ؽ뵽һոµʱ

ʱңԶ֮ϣӾظ֮ϣЩһæµǣЩο

ûٿЩĶǵ鷢ҲûпȨ鷢ÿ˶һͬ飬ǾΪȥһģս

صռһƬ½Ѳһ飬ûټ

ϴطӡƫƵʱһ֮ΪʱѵͨȻƬ½֮ϣ©֮㲻ɱ⡣

Դ֪һЩش֮Ӷֹı壬Ҳ˸һʶ

ֹıĴƣͲˣնҪĸԴЩϣϡ

ڴ½Ѳһֹ֮ظȵķӡ֮󣬱ٴա

ȻռΧѾܲ˴УʱӵĿռͨסҲǳ֮ơ

ڲúռЩͨķǻһطҲҪãǾĿռǸΪĵط

Ůǰ̽ǴǸĵطУطռͨһ֮ĿǰӵдսʿҪʲô֮Ȼͳһͻƿڡ

֪ŮһΪһ̽·ȷǰ̽飬ʧ֮󣬱Ȼǰ

Ǳӡ֮еɲŮӳ̶ʧ֮󣬱Ȼһǰеڶε̽

ӴŮ˵·֮ϣҲжϳŮ˵Ըֶμݶֽƻ˵ЫΪ

͸¶ܵУᵽɲŮӵбŮɱŮһɾǣȻҲ͸¶ǳҲӵŮһɾǣӳ̶ɲŮŮעأ϶治֪档

ԣռӱ֮˴УҪΪ˷ڹʱֵһЩҪ鷳ͺ󻼡

Ϊ̫СˣپˣСĽ

ŮԶƳЩУһЩǿߴУﲻʵҪƬеشǾǳ롣

Щ֮ʽ̤硣



磬Уǿߵ԰Уĵ͵ȿռ䡣

Źֵ嶼ܹ

ԲƳ֣ǱȽԭʼһƣγһĹҡ

Ϊ岻ͬͬ·ҲͬԾ㽨ңҲõͳθ岿䣬ʲôŽĿջˡ

ΪȻҲʱͻɫ磬֮Ǹռ䣬ԵΪһЩ

ӽ뵽֮طŰ龰ƬռȴǴͬ

ռݵĵطһЩռȽСҪԭڣǿڶࡣ

Ƭ֮У쾳ǿߣϺ٣ֻܹùÿ岿֮Уλ쾳ǿߡ

⻹ЩڵؾԱ͹ǿƣǱƬռ䣬Ϊ磬Ϊ͵ȵ壬ΪӵǿʵʸЩߡ

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Ӱṩķλûл೤ʱ䣬ҲϢĹ򣬾ҵǸط

ĵòǵݲƽĻɽ꣬ɽ಻ϣɽ֮УһЩ岿䡣

ŷﲿϷһĵش򻷾ʮֵȣΧĻɽ϶࣬岿䣬ܹ͵סȵ塣

ﻷȽ϶һЩƬռıԵشʱһЩдѷڵƬռıش︽ҲĲ

ͷϳһֻǵĶսʿǵƤ⼫Ϊǿҽģϲʹһ˫ǧشǵ츳ˣƢ꣬ڵغаԵ岿˵սʿΪѲĲ塣

Щսʿ֮УĽɫΪǵ츳󣬶屿أƢ꣬ױ֧塣

׵Ľɫ磬ȴѹ岿Ĵڣ˲䣬ǨƵıԵ൱ڱŵ˱߾Ϊرߵū

ūȴ統ƫһаԵܱߵ岿ŭԣһֱ˳ܣٷΣȴ൱зζ

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ŷﲿϲһϿȵУǴϿȷһɽͷһߵشǿ˲䡣

ϿȵϿ֮󣬾ͼ˿һҵʮֻľ޴ֳشĶսʿǿ񱩵ľ޴Ͽǰŷﲿﲼõʯš

ڸʮλòޣ˫ŮӣÿгһŻɫСЩսʿC

ЩŷﲿŮӣӵ⣬Ӧȸĺᣬĸϵ壬ûеλŮռеսʿŮԡ

ǵսʽ⣬ǵ츳ԭǵʮֵұһԳз͸˺ܴٶȺϵƣǶԵеĹֶЩһ͸Щսʿ࣬еǸСעСһɻԴˣƤϷһ㡣

ʱЩŷﲿŮսʿȻûгʲôȴҲκβЩսʿ

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۲֮սʹõƣһ۱ǵ츳֮ҵǵ㡣



ЩŷﲿŮսʿ֮ʣϿȵʯͻȻսʿǾ޴һȱڡ

Ŵ֮ҪȥʱֻǲŵڣͻȻһ죬һսʿǾ޴ͻȻ˳صײһɽϣʯ䡣



һλսʿ޺һǾ޴͵ǰһ壬Ǿ޴ݺ£ľ޴ûʱսʿҲͬһһǿ˳ȥ

ͼǶ֮У߳һλòΪεľɫŮӣէһò׸һֻþȻ̬֮Ҳ˵ʲôľ˿ɫŮӣʲôĸܺ뷨

ӿŮӣȴûκεĸоΪһУӵУǰı΢С޷ӵľġ

ȻŮӣȸӡ

ȸһͬģŷﲿλ峤Լ֮еλϡ

սʿ򶷵ŮӼҪﶼģЩȣǿʱʱȸƳһʣµļսʿǵӰһĻӰڶսʿ֮䣬֮սʿûзӦ㱻һĻصغ˳ȥ

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ʱȸӳ̧֮ۿһۺ󣬱ͷȸӹӭ۱¼پŷﲿ䡱

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ȸܹӦӵĵⲢ֣ʱŷﲿǸоΧһŤڵصķǳһƮ֮У۳ӵӰ˾ŷﲿ˵ǰ

ȡسػǧйԲŷﲿ䡱֮󣬱ֱӿżɽ

ȸϵ˿̧ͷҲˣֱҪ𣬾ŷ峤΢΢̧ͷһۣ漴ȴ𾪣ƺл˵ס֮󣬱ӦȡԵȡ

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ȸԸܵ峤мΪ棬Ҳ΢΢̧ͷһۡ

ֻһ֮£ȸҲѵоλ۱¾ᣬ㣬Ӧûʮ갡

ȸӺ棬ŷﲿ֮еŮȻҲ棬Ҳ͵͵ȥһۣҲС΢ţѵǵӡУȻۣӦǹƻǧˣȫûϵ˵ᡣ

ЩŮС

ţ

ȸ˵СۣһЩŮʱ˵ˣǾͷ澲

һͼŷ峤λϣһǶһΧЩףĹâųΪҫһ

֪Ǿŷﲿ±ƣгԵʣԲžòϨŵҲǾŷﲿĸԴҲиܵµ־ǱԴ֮ȱٵһԴ

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ǷתһâС֮ǹɹӰ죬СдʱͻȻһɫĻ濪ʼ漴ǾƵеҲƺܵĳӰ죬ͻȻӵĳ·ҪƳһ㡣

ʱͻȻٴδһԴ뵽ƵУǣǳҵĹâ֮УͻȻͼһС򣬾ܵĳٻһ㣬شƵ漴㱻СС֮С

ıԴ



ıԴڽС֮кƺıԴ˹ķӦʱСͻȻ俪ʼͼǱͬļˣʱǾȻ漣ؿʼںš

ʱȸŷﲿǣܵɻıԴڽںϵʱΧҲڽһɼΪǿ

Щ˳ܲˣʱٴδһķģС

һС֮еɫɫںΪһ֮ͻȻһֳɫ

Ӽʱ죬ʱһָСͻȻ˻ָͷ֮ͣתһɹǿڲϵӵӿȥ

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ȻǽЩ˵ı鿴еģڽСеȫԼ⾳ں֮󣬴ʱͻȻһָָͻȻðһŰ׳ɫССеĻҲǳɫ



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ŮǸܵͻȻı仯֮еĲһΪǸܵǵʵ˲䣬ƺ

ŷ峤ȸʱҲ˿ʱͷ̧øͣҲӵĹ

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ŷﲿһǴϲŷ峤һ۱ݶݣŷﲿм

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һԼȸǰϵڡ

ȡʯĿǰ˲ҲܶսʿĲΧ𼴻ǳ֮ʱӼ䲿ϣ⻹йϵ岿䣬ҪȽɾ±֪ޱ壬ǻȣǲйǣ֮ϣԻ۹ͣŷﲿһλ

ȸӹӦ漴оһŤĲ̧֮ͷѾӵӰ

ŷ峤ʱʧˣǹǿļǿҪѹҲʧ֮ϴſĵЦݣҾŷﲿľȷģֻû뵽λ۱¾˵Ĵ󷽣ҾŷﲿʵһΣֳŵҾŷﲿһλǰδеĴϲ°һҾŷﲿҲôѹƺˡ

λҲǴϲЦݣǰǼ£Ҫúףһ²ǡ

ȸȴüͷףʲôĿǰž޴ѹʲôףģҪõλλӽ쿪ʼеˣøŬǣûбأΣҲûнء

һ⻰Խ»ľӭز䣬鲿

ֻڻص֮ȸ̲סеĺ棬Ծŷ峤峤ǰ㿴£ΪǰǿҵĲ

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£峤ε֪˵λߵģģȸ

ŷ峤Ϊļ̳֮УǧǰŮʱеλλ۱¼һģһ

ȸһ²ɺϰɣ

ŷ峤Ҳ˵컯ɡ



뿪˾ŷﲿ֮Ҳֻ˲ϢĹ򣬱ٴ˿˵Ĳ䡣

ʱ˵ĲҲŲսʿĹϾи棬ӵʵȸӻҪǿϼ֣ЩսʿȻ֡

ӵʱ˲ѾɨսӴе峤볤ǣѾڲǰڿƣ֣ӭӵĵ

ŷﲿǲͬӭӵķʽҲͬӲû˼ȥЩ׵ʽ֮ġ

һڿ峤볤֮󣬱ʧʯʵ𣬸ص岿䣬ȻҲЩĶսʿȣǿŷﲿϡ

Ի˲磬ͬԿķˣЩ±ᣬӴЩˣڣͽʯڱɡ

ӵͷӦ漴峤˵ͷ

һͼλɫǣƤҲ΢΢࣬ԵЩ۵̧˸һ˹

꽫״֮ӱ£ǴǶ˲ܿصĵ֮еõģʱǿģֻҪȡǻʱӾԶպϣҲ򲻿ˣ¶ᡱ

ӿֵӼۣеĹ֮漴ʵǸӣһʯǼֲ֮ʯȻģҲһ

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һΣֲͬƵĻںһ֮ӵǿ

ұֳƣҲͬʱİСУǳѾһֽ͸Ĳֻлܼİߵ벻Ծİɫϸ˿һĴڡ

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൱ֻǸС֮󣬴ʱѰʯͻȻٴ״̬Ǳһ״ĶһɹķĵǶ⣬

վԱߵļ꣬ʯӵָһ֮󣬾͸ı̬빦ãСֱ˸һĳݡ

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ҲһϵشӵнȽ˹ȥ˿֮֮һâ૵ôһı䣬츳ԳΪҿʲĴ֮峤λϧ

˵ӽȽ峤峤ޱ֣صؽ˹˫һֱͣڼĲš

˿ҲǼĪ۱´͵ĶȻǷͬСɣԳΪʥˡ

ȡʯԺӽصˣûڿ˲ӴѶ֮󣬱ֱ뿪硣



⣬˲ĴذشʯÿһγһЩɢľмʯ

Ƭ֮ϣȻľ*ϳˢⲿƺһεıϣǺ⣬ΡȻ

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һĴϣɴڣǰ*йȴȻ֪ȻϣʱżأĬ

ױ֮⣬һϮڰ֮һĨĹ֮󣬾һϣҲͬڳĬ

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ʱͼĸˮڰ֮УɢĹâ۳һȦȦųϵһӰ

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һĻʱͻȻվ

ɴʵеŮ˵ǸĿǰһֱ⵺ڼҵȵһһǼʹ뿪˵ὫСҵȾǻӵĶ֣Ҫ취ʹҲҵʹǱٴֲС

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Ҫµĵϻ뱾Ĳڤںϣһһǵʵһߵ̨ףǲ廢ӡ

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صȻҪΪվɴ֮󣬲ĿˣžǿЦͷѵûΣʶĺδ¶棬ڴǧ꣬ǿЦ񣬿ɼһ

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⻰һһŭӿ漴ƽȴǳԳЦҪ⻰ףõϻĲڤںϣҲǲԣôӦһ

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ڳڵĺ֮ϣ㽨һţǱĽʵֻһΰˡ

ʱŮѲλһֱµǺײ￴һ꼫Ϊֲ

ֲＫеľϸǵҶȴʮֵĿֺ񣬳һ״һƬƬһһֱֲͨԨ

ƬֲǰʱǵĸͷʮֵĸߴԴԵе⣬ϳմ壬ʮʮߵƣĿʮֵĳ˵ϣѲȹһܹϰˣ˾ùŹ֣ⳤѵϲ·ĿֳڵϣԵóô

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ѲżԺеֵ˵óϧһӽѲ漴ͳĬ

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㣿λ֮󣬵ЩԾ

ǻûüտڣʱҶӽǾס󣬱µˮ֮У˵Ļˮݡ



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һ֮󣬾һǹ֮УλϽӶžͱλϹϡ



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Ƭĺ֮ϣʱ˳̵ЩȼλµĽĴͣѲŵϵĶ֮⣬һжԵüΪ

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Ŭ뾡ְ취ıĻѹ֮ȼյŻ棬ʱͻȻһ֮ɾͻȻը쿪һףǺеƽƵľ׵Ĵˡ

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ҵصľ֮漴һͦݺݵ룬һɼȵĿд֮ϣʹرסŮ壬ͷӿ޲Ǿ档

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ֻԼûвʱ˫ӣҲıһѪɫŤҲַ֮ŤıԣҲֱ̬Ŀ֮ǰУ׵ʧ



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ȴΪǲ֪ʲô⣬ȪѪ֮УλߴȥλŻǿߡ

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ʱ޿̶һУū壬ΪǵūΪǵĹߡ

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Ȼһɴ۶ɵĴڣֻǱӽ־Լһͷѣֻһּ򵥵˼룬Ǿˡ

ӵľӰ֮ʥδ֮ʣ㳯ʥǿĹ



ʥҲûϵԷų֣Ȼ˹ʱĳ͵һһ㼲Ȼе͹ǹ־ǿȻֻӱʮ֮һԸ⻹ûгΪߵʥԣҲǲͬ졣

ںȻһ֮ʥǱǹУصˤڲԶɽڣɽ֮С

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˵գʥʱһǽᣬɲǼؼһ쫷ϮʱǹŰ񱩵Ļ

ӰɻһҪ˺ѿռĿ۶ɺ󣬰ǳ֮ϵ𣬾ǱһѰѷޱȵʥŮɢһ㣬ǵسӵ߾ӰϮ

ʥѪ츳ǰɫ۳ᣬֻͨĳҲһһֱʥһѾʮǿһѿֲͨͬǣǳϵģֱʹ



ʱ㣬ǹǿӾӰڵȫǣʥҪһͽӵľɸӡ

ӵ߾Ӱǵͷ֮Уֻ˵һǿ־Ͳں۳˺ûжӭȥ

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ʥһĻһ㶣ɴ۾Ĳš

Ϊ֣ЩƽʱԳûܹӦ˵۳ᣬȻ׵ʧȥ˸ӦϵҲٲˡ

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ʥһ뵽ˣͻȻһɲ̫õĸоĸ߰Դ׽Ūһʵ漴ŭ֮һĨľ֮ͻȻ仯һӰ˸ĵ㣬ӷ˶ľӰһǺ֮ʣʹһ䵽˿մ

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ʥʱÿҪѪˣȫȻûиԷ˺ʵڿǹ֮ʲôطӰһصĿռһ㣬ƺʲôᱻɡ

һʥѾܹ϶ˣⲢʵߣӦֻһӰķˣоˣˣΪСˡ

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ΪѾʶˣǸߣûнֻôһӰԸȴ˼ҵҲֻһʵľӰԸˣֱ֪

һܴ죬ԽǸ߰ԴˣܵĴԽ󣬴ʱʥսбҪȥŮ£СӣŮԳֲпܻܡ

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ڴʱ˿̣Ŀֲı˳ľӰ֮Բʥǿ㱻ԴһĿռ䣬ʥÿһιᱻǸռɣʹǿ



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ʥһȻûȴѪ屩˳Զٴܴ

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ʱ򣬸Ӧֱ仯֮ʥоһƺⳡսץסһЩˡ

뵽ʥڷ֮ʣ׷֮ʱͻȻɱһǹ˸󣬱ӵ֮д͸۳ᡣ



˺Եжϵ˲䣬ӵľӰʱͻȻһɹ죬ʥһγͷҲ˾֮һͷͻӵľӰȥ

⾵ӰڣܱʵһʵĿռͻʱԵжϣӶ֮ǰյǹɡ

ʥǸֹɺһһЩ  רż㴦йӵľӰҲڿʼ

ڴ˴ʥûʹ֮ʱӴʱҲͻһĳ̬ͻȻӰʼŤһǿ

ʥʱЩ˼ɣȴûɲסڽӴ˲䣬ʥͻȻоʧȥһƺֲһ㣬Ľͷһϲ

Ȼཻ֮˲䣬ʥɫϲתɳתʱоĳͻȻ䱻һǿסˣڽ֮ʣһ˺ʹʹĹ֮С



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Ұһɿռ˺ʥǸ߹󣬲ҫʵѪͳ籦һĽ׳ڱѪܵͬʱаߣǹɷԵ˺顣

ֻʣ°ߵĳʥ׵ˣ뾵Ӱ뿪ɲǼ䣬ƺǹ˺ѵʹһһ㣬İİ߳򣬱ʵ÷顣

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ӵľӰӵеԴ֮۶ɵһռ䷨ϵʥĳ൱ڱյʵ÷飬ҵѪʮѡ

ʱʥ֮£Ѿսֻƴӡ

δйǱΣƱǿ֪ΪԼĸ߰Դ˴ۡ

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ֵǣǾӰı󣬾ԼҲҲһ͸ĳ

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־״̬ǧضľ״̬˼ҾȻֻһ֮󣬾ܹתЧϵشʥһܴܵٶȸˣΪټˣ㲣һ־֮С

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ʥӵ˾ŷﲿ丽ʱ򣬾ͼʱƵظڰգȼһ棬һˣڴ֮У˿֮һܴ𣬱ǵسžŷﲿ·ǲϮ



һ죬ŷﲿյ֮ͻȻųһɵɫĹâǹɳϮ̺֮֮Ѹٵؽǳ

̵أЩ޳ܵǣֳүү򰡣ǺʲôֻһȺͼļ֣

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޳ܵ룬ŷﲿ֮еŮ˸ò绨˴ÿĻȥС檣㣬ζٻǸһô顣

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ڽ֮£ǼǾ̲صıԴ֮ʱĶˣǿĿǰ

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͵Ҫ׼ߵͷ֮ʣʱӵľӰɱ֮󣬼޲ģʥһʱ򣬾ͷǿĹ



һεҪ˺ѿռ䣬ǹŤĲյһ㣬ʥϮ



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ԴʱǹƵ֮ʱʥѪ˿¶һ˿̵Цݣһˣڵ漴һƣ㽫˵ơ



ǹŤԴϮ󣬳ϱʥһѵǰ棬˲Ϸŭæ

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Ȼ֪Ѿ֯һŴȺλŮĽ١

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ȻŴԽռ֮Ժ󣬱ͻȻɫһ䣬ܵһص컯һ΢ɲ첨ǹɲ𾪡

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ʱͻȻһ޺𣬴ӵĲķλٴ

Ůɫһ䣬ʥ򻺻ŭɵĴ棬ǾȻС϶Ը𣬱һֱ֣벻ǲʶʵ񣬺ãܺá

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ȴ϶Ը㣬ֹƬ컯ռ޴顱

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ΪͶԸ𣬾㱾ǵĶ֣ΣҪʵֵļƻȻڼţȻı䲻һС

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Ӵϵѡǻѡȥѡȥѡ񣿡

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ӿҪᣬ顶챮ҪƼƱղأȻӹȥѲ࣬»ǳϿҵΪһƼƱղأлл



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һֱûжʵʩļıûзϵӣĿռ䣬ǹɻδ˿Ӱ졣

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ʱӿһĻ֮ͻȻλغʽҪѪĵռƫƽ̼Ůȡ

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ǹԴʱҲתͼռ֮У·һжǹԴ֮ڲ΢ı仯Щռ䣬·һ㣬ͻȻʼҵĻ

Գɿռ䣿

λһĻ֮󣬾Ǵ󾪣ʵɳ˿ռ䣬ʱ䲢棬ɾֻ֮ҪͿԳΪ˰

ŮʱҲ𣬲ϵģϵġ

ӶɲǼ䣬ͻȻоΧĿռ䣬·γһǿҵ˺ѺŤڵͺҪǿռʱָ޷ȫ꣬ƺҲҪи

ܲŮΪӴ˿չֳʵѾȫ֮䣬޾һ㣬Ĳࡣ

֪ҪΪСӵԴӶ

  ڰ

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һǿǹԴ֮

־ӰԴ֮ͬʱ޾֮УռĲϵصԼ˺Ť·˲仯һֻմ֣֮ƣŮץȥ

ʱŮƴڵǹ˺ŤĿռѹݵԴ֮γһǿУϵ

һڿ֮бŰС뾡һа취ʹҪԱͨǹɻγɶƬռĳжѪĵӡռжϣҲһܹԵĴ

Ȼ

Ϳ͸ŮĶ˼ôܷŮ

ǿһմץȥ֮ʣſռŮǿĳᱻǹɿռɵ



ʱŮһҺ˿ûеֿͱֻմֽץסУմֵļѹ֮£ƺҪ󱬵һһɹ˺ѵʹʼ



ͻȻ䣬һ죬ŮڳܲסǹǿĿռ˺֮ӶԱǹɹನ֮Уʹշһɹɾҵ𵴡

ڵλһ⻯ɵĿռȫԴ֮ϣܿ㽫ǹನĻɴ

֮䣬Ůӵ˫մ֮б

֮ʱɰǵĴƮʱӵüĴͻȻһ֮ţʱһŹ㡣

ǹ㱻֮֮Ӵʱһ˿֮󣬱һһǹɵӵһת漴üǿ֮۵֮С

Ů֮ʣŮ֮⣬ʱƮգĹ»ꡣ

΢΢е죬漴һһԴ֮ס֮󣬱Ѹٶյֻ֮С

񣬶ŮаֶߵλǿߵģǾֻأõĽ֡

ʱͼ֮еѪɫϢϵشռ֮ڶԽԽû˿

ӳռƬռȥͼѱһƬڰ֣еѪɫΪŨңһ̾Ϣ

û֪Ϊʲôᷢ̾Ϣ

λ֪ǵľ缴ߵľ֮֡ҡľܱɡ޽ľ֮ǶһЩ޹һ

֮̾󣬴ʱתλŮµδųЩҲΪˣλسӰ֮ԻᴦãȲعǣ򣬹֮󣬻һηλʥ䣬λʱμӡ

λһл¸Ķ䡱

˵գλƮȻȥ



ռ䡣

磬ȫڰ֣һѪɫϢǺڰ֮Уʼϵ

֮ϣڰֵĵϣʱͻȻһɷ·ռ䱻˺һŤ

˺ѿռŤ֮Уʱǿ죬һޱȾ޴ӰͻȻѷ֮䣬·Ҫƿռ

ŨŨѪɫһɹѪɫϢ˽ȥƬռ˺ӵǿ



ڣƬѣһܹ츲صϮ˺ѵĿռͻȻǱһ㣬һǿĲü֧飬飬Ҳ˲䣬

ڳˣΥĺڰΥ

ʱһЦͻȻ˺ѿռĴţͼǺڰ֮УһޱȾ޴ӰԶŵڤһ㣬ǿռ֮

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ǱѪĵ֮нӰ֮

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Ӱ֮Ѫĵķӡ֮гԺӦƬڰֵ֮УһĸϢԵʮֲ

磬ְϢĴڡ

ף飬ãɣɣҪǶҰӰµۡ



һɿ񱩵ĺڰ£ʱռ֮Уһһ籩ʱʼϮ硣

Ĵ籩֮Уǿķ籩

ЩŰص飬籩Ϯ֮£Ǿһҵ쫷磬ǵǺڰ籩֮Уɳһ㣬Ǻڰ籩ɢ綼ڱֺڰ籩ӵš

ڰڰӡ



壬չ֮ļභ

ֻǣڵǹǱڵĶ־֮󣬷ӳǰδеġ

Ǭս֮ϣսĲƣѾʼ鸯ʴĴؿʼӡ

ÿһ˿Ƭʵ磬ὫǸʴĵط֣Ȼ侻

ڼǿ֮ɨĶҲȡ˽ڽʤԴͷҪҲֻʱ⡣

ݳǵҹʱ֣ʮֵ

ټǰ㷱ڰǶʶǿϵʱ򣬶ڼвţԷѲ߶ѲӼɡ

Ͼ鱻赲Ǭ֮ϣҲи͸ܹŰҲЩǷֺ󣬼ʱ

ڽҹ˾ʱЩҹɫ£һӰһâ֮⣬ͻȻڳݳǵϿ˸

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ͻȻ䣬һŮӵļڳݳǵĵҹͬʱҲݳеİգǼҼ˵ơ

ţͼŻ˳е𣬴һﲻ£̵ķȻɱֻ顱

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ȺǵĴУʱݳ˲ǶƵĻѳţĴѰӰͬʱҲŮӵľдУǸٸȥ

ѰǸһֱڳѰңȴڳ֮ʱЩԥˣǲ֪òóȥɱ顣



ͻȻ䣬֮һδһĲҽҶŮ˵ʹðǸȺ鼤ߡ

ʱȺһλȽеһϣ𣬲ƽУԲǳٺˣҽȥ£飬ʹҲ˹ǵģ

尡ɱ顱

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ʱ֮еĺ֮УͼĪǷֵƺ࣬ȫluoǱһ㣬ɫĵڵϡ

ʹ֮УһɹŮ˵ļϴ֮󣬴ʱĪͻȻ۾֮һĺâ



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ǣǿռ֮ްķй֮УͻȻƺõһ漴˺ɫƺѾȫǹԽԽǿҵʱŮͻȻתǿнĪ찴ڵϣһĺŤʹĪйƤһ㣬Ѹٸɱȥ漴׵û˺

ĸľѪ֮֮кâʢҲȫʧȥӦе˼άһֱܣluo˳ȥ

Ƭһͼʱ󲿷ֵ˾˸ɣĪϼԣȫûӹⳡͻĽѣǲ֪ԴĪyinĴ󶯵СӣڼyinһλΪŹֵȴǾɫŮ֮󣬴ӶѪ

ܲסת䷽ʽˣȫ˸ɣҲܹסģȴ֣֮УyinŮ˲ֵĽתӶЩŮ˳ȥѰҸ֣ʼӡ

ʱ֮ϣͼ߸Ǵǰ֮ϣѾˣͼǺɫ֮УĹâϣʱ׽й**תŮˡ

ЩŮ˱yin֮Ҳӱɺɫһֺ֮У˳ȥ漴ҲһЩ˹һŮˣ׽Ů֮ϣyinתֻһҹĹͱ˵ϼ屻塣

ǣܵעûк³ģڽֵķչ֮ʱʱһ˽İӿ֮С

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ţӰѾʱд飬ܲܽ䶯дһ￴ǾֻˣΪƵĽ֣ӰкܴͬӰĽдѶȲһĴһ鿪ͷֶǺܹؼģԲ֣ᱻβģֵǼ



ڳǳӿ֮ʱһ컯İǰδеĶ־

ǳ֮УԼСɱЩűתûתɹν顯ǡ

ʱǺڰҹɫ֮УһǵҫţǵѸٵسҹ֮ϣɨŽµĴء

ߣǻӣһֱ׷Ǹֵ䣬ֻȴӵӵһֵָҪʱҪԶ֣컯ֳ׵

񣬻ӵ⣬ЩСİǣӿͻȻӿһֵǵĶ־ǰδеǿ

Щƴɱ֮УҲַǻۣøַЩɱ

ֱǱƽʱȴһǿ

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С֮ʱʧȥΨһĶԴһ㣬ڵϣĲҽУƺҲָ˵ıʣңҡ

ȴ޶ԣۿ룬ͼһЩճ˴֮󣬷׷״ŭ񱩣ҹһҵ𣬳׵Ľմ

⣬컯յĽ



컯⣬⼴⡣

˲컯˸ܵŲɡ

ͱϱû񣬵ŵ˶ˣǾ

ĴڣҲ֮۳һ۶ɡ

ԣԴ飬ûĴڣҲڡ

ҲԴ֮γɵƷ

컯

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ǰ컯ͷ֮ϣһ컯ʥ֮ѵһĴڣаԼ

ǰһλµһΪҪĶ

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ǣö񾭹ǧϴ֮ȴֲǰһλߵˣΪȫ컯۶γɵġ

ǴڣһеƣҲ֮֮֮Ӷγɵһոµ

Ϊ񣬰컯ĳԭеǹ嫺ǿհ޽󰮡

ʱһö񣬾˲ӿ˻һ㣬Ѹٵ컯ඥϷ˹Χڻơ

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׼Ҫö˲䣬Ȼ뵽˼ˣ뵽Ӻͺǣ漴ַһٶ

ĳ־֮󣬴ʱͻȻһףʹöٴص컯ͷ֮ơ

ʱ컯ͻȻ۾漴ӵ֮УһγǸȻͬΪʲôҪˣ͸ı䲻һС

ͻȻЦˣҲܸıһУȴܹı䣬ҵ˸ȫѿԺҵСҲĴ󰮷ָˣҪ˵һҸȻֻأ㣬Ҫǳصʹ޽Ĵ󰮣Ƭ޾յеÿһ䣬ǻҷһֻء

˵գͻȻüĴǿ˿ųľֲ֮ͬ⣬ʱǾ컯ֱ͸üġ

ʱ컯ͷϵöǣ֮£ͻȻû컯֮ϣ漴컯һ̫һ㣬âɡ

ͬʱһԴʱͻȻ״֮˿һеԴƣ漴ӵ֮£ʼرעǾ컯֮С

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ֱӽеԴ͵컯֮Ժ󣬾ͼʱǾ컯֮࣬ǰǰ㣬һģһڳĻ˵СԷֲ嵽һӡ

ʱӸڵȫ͸컯ʵԺȫ˿ʣ˲ͷŵеԼǹ⾳־ȫҲͷŵ֮ͻȻһ⡣

δйָо·һжԺǿǿһתѭԺѹ޼

һĻ֮컯ͻȻҲȻһ㣬޼֮棬ҵĴԲ˸Ȼʧȥһеͨƽ㣬ȴΪס

컯³һ仰֮ǰǱúһСľһӣͻȻ漴ȥʧ

ʱ컯ͻȻ֮վ

վ˲䣬컯֮оǱһԴһ֮⣬ľŵɹ⣬ɲǼ绹ԭƬڰ׵һ㣬ʹ޾еռ䣬ֶʶ˰ɫ

ܹͳƬյ㲻־

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ǿǿĶ־ԺǿսʹĽ̼ӿ죬ĹУʱܵһɴ󰮵ĹԽ֣ʹǶʱͣ׷Ĥݡ

ͬһʱ̣λͻȻǱһ޽󰮵Ĺâס֮Ҳǵͷ­ΰߣ֣޾µϣ



磬սΪģΪ˹ľһõ飬ʹЩӵ˼άʶ֮󣬳׵ĵõ˿ƺ󣬴ӶҲΪľǿĸ岿չżҵ

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ʱڵƬԭʼɭֵģͻȻһӰͼϣڱǹ޽󰮵Ĺâ֮һһ㣬ͻȻͳľǰ

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ûлشǣֻǵͽˣľЩԴͷЩԶҸûȥˡ

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˵ţľʱͻȻڴЦ֮УǾһ㣬ʼ֧飬һɹɹ㣬֧֮ʱڶ˲ɢڿС

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㹫ЩǱԸǣλľ֮ЩǶԸԶˡ

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ʱһǹ˸漴ӱӵߡ

£ǳͷԺһֱûѰټ𷣡

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