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ҿûзʲôˣղŵ˭˵ɡ
Ƭƿպһ濴˵۾
ŵòߵǸͲƫҪʲô
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عͷò滹˰ɣ뵽Ϳ˿ܣӰûз֡
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ֵֹЦɻЦʲôѵ˵𣿡
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߶ûˣüëԵЩˣ°Ҳ
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Ϊս·æûйúóԷǵĹȣ
УݵۡԸоļϵĹͷӲȣϣҲûиоӲĸоôôݣ
ţ·Ϊ֤ģץһѣȴʲôץԭݡ
ƺоġֶšɳƵ㲻Ҫ
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ҶǵϣĽűߣҲĽűߣسš
·ĵϣԶὫǷֿ

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ڳЦݣЦֵߣһԸɣҶˡ
֣ϵЦԽԽ






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Ҳûʲôһμֲ

С⣬ƺҲƵأɻôһ죬Сͳأɵɵġ






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۹ȥûп֮ˡҲţֻǰĿջؼȲ衣ʵʱȲ裬ǰִ붼顣ʱôæµĻ£
£뵽Լڣ񲻽ЦԭԼǱʶϲġ
ȻһϤӰ۾ǲǶ磬˭
⼸۵ðңúͻƵء
¶ɱ
ɱһ
ô
ร磬˼˵ҾͲ˿ü磬Ҿˣ
ȻǣⲻǺ΢΢һЦЩΣ֮ˣ΢΢һЦܵ
˵ֳ񣬡ݵǹӡ
ֻǹ˺ãֻø͡
ãһпɺã
磬˿ˣرǸףԲɫҪٲȥ¾͡תͷȥɱڿԼļЦû취Ҫ˭ؼңߡ
Ǵл𣿡ТӣеȻʸΣʴǸһûл
磬ڻ·ϣ磬ϽȥװɣǹӾд
Կһֿۣһۣޱȳʹȥ
˿ȥʱıӰʱ˶ةͷӵֳ
ʱЦǲ¶Ц⡣
ǹӿЦùֵֹģ֪ʲô
ֹͣԼ룬ǹӣȻɻֱֱؿЩ̽ĴԿǸϺ࣬ʮֿΣܲӡ
ջԼĿ˵ǹӣҴҶ羡֮ˣɺã
Ȼ㶼˵ˣоܾĵЦЦ
üˣ㣬Цˡ
߽һµİᣬԶ
ǣ㣬ɺãǹĸʵ̫ˡ
ɣЦã
һǣ
ǣ
ԾǺϤ
ǰɡ
ǰɣûɣ۾ǣĵ˵Ҫ֮д㣬Ҷ죿
Ůܶɣ
û뵽һ䣬Ӳס
侲ķǾŮӣϲ֪֮£ȴ뵽סһ꣬ĴϹ٣ϣʷϣϣһãҴ֪
ˣԾȴϤ¡һת۾ֱֱض
㵽˭ҶԱʲôĿģ
˵ԼǺȻһЦΪأ
ϣǹӲҪϷ
˵ǹӡĸ̫йһ
ҵѣҺһ𣬻Ҫ𣿡
ʵݣԴѵķʽ𣿡
ûƭȷʵǣֻȴ֣֣ڿһһطеطɣС㲻Ҳû𣿡
һ仰סԭǫ̃ʣشסԼվǵ߶ȥ
ǸоԼڱ
Ȼǣ㣬ҶҶʲôĻʱҾ;ġ
вЦ
ԼλϣĿɨ΢ǡһղвϸĿȴǸоԼ˺ûô򵥣Ҳ
ǺȻһԼô뷨ֻһŮӣֺĲΪ
ٿʱѾǳЦ⣬۾Ѿָ峺͸Ȼ۾ôв֮ôɾ
ǣղŶðϣ㲻Ҫ⣬ھǾ顱
Ȼˣһ̾µĲЩˣȻʶǿ
ֻ񹧾˵칫ӷԸС㾡ǹӾˣ
Ц°ɡ
ʱӾֻʣǣиջ
ȻԾǺϤһûгԹǸлǶҶĺ񰮵ģǲҪมԹ˵һ˵˼伫ƷֻǳԹ˵ȴ٣ǽ˳ơ칫ӡĳӡӡĽƲϵ
Ȼܿ΢ЦӦ
ѵˮ㣬һһԹÿһˣÿһˣϵͱһ֡
ÿһ˶ǡôƣʵ˼ʳԹĶҪ
̾ԺʲôûζˡˣЩ
ֻЩϷʵؿ
ԹЩʲôأ̾˿֪лǺ
ǵ̾ЩĵʡǣĪ˲ζ
̧ͷΣ˵Цˣʵ˼һҴûгԹóԵĲˣֻǲ֪ӡ
ЦԸ죬ֻԸΪԼ֮Ƴ칫ӵĽԿɲһҵġ֮ͲҪڴ
Ƿ¿ӣתűӣǹôŪġ
ҼСΪٷӦ칫һֻҪǼСܰѳƬɽȫˮ칫ӾӰæ֮⣬ٷܻ
űӵͻȻӲ۾ɨͣϣĵֻѣûбҪôİɡ
ЩԻ󣺡С㡭
æҡҡ֣ǣ㲻̫жҪǾǸȻĻʹ칫ӵҪΣߣ㣬Ҷأ÷
Իɢʣµľֻˣоһ壬񣬾Ȼҡ
΢ЦȻȴвãôһƬɽҲ̫עĿ˰ɣ






5

ɱڻصةฮֱĴǰ
ڴһ˼˯òãʱͱ
ТТˣ»ɲ֪˭װ˯˵ĻȻⲻӣ˭˵ȷʵʵ˵ʲô
ϵûзӦɱڼ˵֪أûڵԣ
ףأⲻǺúõģСһúõĶ
ѰѰˣˣ۾òã
ôԽԽԾôžǶ˵ģС
ҪԺҲȥˣһúġ
⻰ðǰһˣ뵽ˣ۾Цʵڶ˵
ɱڱͻȻŵˣǾ仰֮ʶԼ˵Щʲô
Ͼ˳ȥֲ̫ˣúõģΪʲôҪ˵Ⱦزأ
࿴С׷˳ȥ
СӣܣӴȡϧɱӵ̫֣໹ûץ
ɱӳฮ֮󣬾ٴȥһҪ
ٴС֪ǵİᡣ
ڴͬʱѾǸˣɱڵʱֻһˣȴûп
أһǾżʵ
ءǿɱԺЩȣܿ
ȥˣ
û˵ˣ㼱ʵ
ҿɱˡɱЩ
źҿɱأһƬɽأҪ̸ףɽ˽Ǹձ˲õģδ
ǿɱˣﻹЩֻô
˫Ƶ۾ɱȫ˼Ƥڨڨ˵ƭңҵû¡
ҲܾûлؼˣһҲӦõġ侲˵
λҲ˴㣬ֻûϵ
รʲôͻȻЩȤˣɱں˾Ƶء
ͻȻ뵽˫ͻȻ۾ƺһ仰ڶ˵ɱͻȻ˵²˵Ҳգ֣㲻˵𣿡
ǰΪãҪӻˡǼҪذɱ˵ˣɱԺʱƽ࣬ǾͰѸղǼˡ
˵Ǳ뿪͵лװƬɽ
ɽµȣһɽʹṦ
ͻȻһȻ񣬶һˮ
ƬɽѾˣôƬط滹˵ϴ裬ô£
Ƭɽø߼ģôбˣ
ʹؽ룬̾ǰľһƬˣȴǺ޺ۼƺرá
ͻȻһȪˮǰȪˮ滹ˣɣôûд·ЩΣתߡ






6±

صҵʱû뵽һ
ֻ羪ȵؿةϵܲŵӣһԵĶȴЦ⣬λܸ
Ӧá俴ô£ʮ𼱣һײأٻءææظϻպڽطǸϵʮּһ·϶֪˼ƥνǿӱްʲô
Ȼûвһһ£ΪʲôΪʲôҪƭأ
Ȼ֪ӣ֪ʲô
翴磬ѯʣôҲˣ
ã˫磬ɲ£Ҫ־͹ðɣȻͽλһԲҲ
Щɻ޹ذɣж磬ôࡣм仹ʲô֪飿
СӣӦôǸǶң֪Тĸû˵Ϸ˵𣿸ĸڣԶΣǣĻаǿ۵ףɱڣ䣬
ͷӷüëһˣЩֻؿλ硣
λ类ѵõͷȥֻ˵˼ûοͷӣͷӲŷŹǡ
ù֮Ŵλ˽ʵ飬ԭԼίǾдһŸ˴磬ԲŻֽԲ
磬磬ҲСˣûиɩӰ¶
ӿڵ˵λöѾˣûûλϲơ
Ҳֳ޳Ͽңǰصػλúϲģλóף統ȻҲһҪڳá
񳰷λ磬ǹЩá
һת˵ߣҪ˵ײأǻ𣿡һ仰˵λֻóĬ
˿λ磬ǵͷΣ΢ͣҲˣҪŮԣҲԶ֪磬ϣԺҪһֱˣ޷һֱڼ볣ؼҿòãϣǶҪȵǸʱźڣ粻ֹТײ
䣬ɱڿǵñеĶҪ죬ʮܹ꣬˵ĻǷΪǵ뿪Ƶó죿
ǰǺγأÿһ˶ڳɳʱֵĶһֱȻЦף˼Ѿٵ
֪ⷬǣʵҲù綼Լ뷨Ҳǿ
ԲãҡҲ֪ΣǰԹТȫСΪѧҽÿоҽҩɽвҩʱоҩʱ˻ؼңҲǱ˸ʦǸʦǸ̥ҲҩգʱΪоҩʱ䣬ԴӺʦһ֮ǷʳҽҩԳ̶ȸռ
磬ʲô˵ˣҶףԺֻҪĸ׾ͺãһҪ尡
װϿҡãԺʲôҪʲôæĵطһҪǵô磬ᾭá
һӵʱת磬͵ؽе硱
˸˴һůӵɱڼ˵磬磬ҸղûиǣʵҲǣԺһҪǣ𣿡
ɱ۵ıŴ磬ƺŵãԺһᾭģңŴ磬𣿡
áλЩ˸УʵҲѵü棬ȴֳֻǵԸ˳ãǧﹲ濾
뵽ˣΪ˻գչЦ磬磬ôƵأأǼ˾ͺúúһòãȥͷӣмλҲ飬Ȼ󣿡
һͬ⣬һ˾Ͷˡ
ةϵȷԣڶˣʲô˵ֻҪȾƾͺá
վԼ˾еıӣûʱڸңТԭ¡˵һ
Ƶ𣺡¡˵գҲԼȻһһ¶ǣЩˣֻĿÿһ˵ɨȻڶǣÿһ˶Լ룬ԼĿ꣬οǶˣڶԼ˼ˣԺ·ֻܳϣǵ·ԽԽã·ٶĴۣҲҪȥЩ꣬ȻûиǣɷչҲûоԼӦûʱʱߡ¸ĸİֻϣǹúþˣܾ;ɡ
ӣֻӺͱӵҲЩ֪ʲôѵһۣҲҪôĬȾƺȾƣҪǹͷӣҲܾûмˣҲúİ
˶˵á
ͻȻúãϴЦ̣ɱںͬλ̸οؿⳡǶʮǰ뵽ԼнأҲʱȢһӣȻӣȻƽƽعһ񣬺Ҳֻ࣬źӶˣоǵ˰뱲ӵة࣬˹񫡣
һҹԲԲԲҹһãЦлҳ
һҹ֦ʹҶǱѵģ֮һܹ˯ذ˽СڲûиΪйͰݷãǵʲôͣȻֱţ
Եһ۾ںȲĳʱ۾ʱɴһⲻǸձĳС
ĹڹˣϺ˵ˣֻҪһžͻȫӼˣһҪܳʱ䣬ƺҪʮɡûй죬ô죿
ˣɡؾһ£ǽѵˣ̽ͷȥڵķۣıˡ
Ȩ֮£ֻó
ô磬ôȥ糯
ͺһߣҴͲȥϳ
ô糯ȥϣѻϷĿ޻ʣεеĺܡţȻ˵þûмˣҶˡ
߰أáźصƤʲô
չЩζ˵űζζˮʱڣٴ¥Ͷص龰˵ǲǺã
ѹûĻƤذֻԽԽģˡ
˯
һ
㿴㣬ˮˡ
ԼԴϣͷˣл˵ҵһ»Ҫȥ˯𣿡
ҿЩӳЩˣȥ⡱
ôõʱ⣬ȥ⣿Դпӣǰɡ
ȥʲô⣬ûݵֻʣƤ
ְȻҪȥˡԭſȥ仰֮Ͼ
ŷŭһһֶ˵ֻ۾ҳˣмʹҳˣйϵ𣿻ҵĻֱ˵ǵԣ
ʲô˼òʵ˿ŭ
Ǵܵͬʡûػص
Цҵֻ۾㳤ˣȻ㳤˸йϵҪһȥҪ˵Ļͺһγɾ޴ĲҲԸ⿴ķɡһ仰Ҳ˵ٲվԸСѾͷźӣҪĪҧȥ
ôЦŭȥһ£ةҾף͹ԹԵصҵɡ
ȻӰһͣߵճȭͷ״Ȼعͷ΢΢һЦЦһ㶡
Ȼ߹ԴЦݡ
Ц̣ӣ⾩ƯĴҹ޴ڣȻȻһΪʲôҪѡң
ûȵڣ˵ڿЦɣȴƽ
ǡҡҡͷ
һڿЦֵ
ǡ
Ѿ˵ǿҼҡѵҷϵּⲻɣ
޸ֲǼҡ
ӡ
ҿԲǡ
ʲô˼š
г񣺡֪ܿˡ
ܽҲ޸㡱
Ϊʲô
ѵһҶҪ޸ҵʲôм
ֲһˡñ˵˵
㲻ǣ¥Ϊļˣ㻹ǣ뵽ҲȺӽ¥ֵط;û𣬶ҲûкøС
Ĳں㲻Ҳȥףô֪ȥģ
񼱵ܸһȥιۣ顣
ЦҲǿȥġ
Ĳٷϻˣֻ˯д˯ĶȫΪûļһ
ҪҪָһҪ鷳ж鷳
ӣ㲻Ը񲻺𣿡
ҾֱһԡۿЦһۣ˵ݸ塣
ÿμ涼ܡָʵ
Ǿ˵Եְעİ
Ҹ˶ᳳǹؼ
ǲ˵ǵԵ𣿡ùЦ
ˣһܰ˵ɻģ˵ֱȥȽϿ졣
ȻУŻҵҲӦġ
ϴͻ飬ӦҲСвУ㲻ɣ
ܾɥҲʮꡱ
ͷСƵأһģԡ
ҸһҪ޸㰡Ī˦֡
ҵźһһֻһӡЦ
Ҹ㽲Ȣңһӵġ
ҵ¡
񽲲վȥߵԶֻͷָԽԽĪȻﳤȥ
ÿȥıӰĵĪȴ֪Ѿ١






7ʱ¶

ʱ䣬ƬɽѾԼԼؿԿϡӣѾ˺ܶ˲ȥƬɽꡣ
ɽϣĵҪٹ꣬ˮҪǳˣȥҲܶǮ칫ӹȻ㰡ȻһǱһƬյɽҲϹѵҲ칫ӵ
ڣеŮӶᵽﷺۣǾȻÿʱ֮ʣȥۣò֡
ǰ֮ˣвȥ֮
ҲǴ˯ģȴٿһƬüΪïʢ֮Ĳһɨ⡣
Ҫ̫δʱȥòˣҪȥĹǶǺ𴲵ģȥǱߵʱѾܶˡ
뵽ôһƬ쳣˷ܡɻϵ¶龧Ө͸Ժ
æȥÿһۣôȥ
ȷôһʣЩףϲЦտȻ
СذѴǰȥڴϣ־ͿЩ¶飬ͻȻ˵¶ݲܺúȣһûдҲֻա
ӭ΢縡ڴͷڴβȥ
á
ÿЦôģǿЦҵĴȫǵŮӶ㿴ϲҵŮӣ벻޶
˻е㲻ţᣬֻԼĺɻоֳȾ
ȴòתͷֻһȺŮŭĿӣ۹ǵĶһ
ɻؿãѵ˵Ķġ΢˼ѹǼһôĵشѵΪŮǰϲ
벻ȺŮӻ£˼£ܱƻ
оܶڿãĵʵţʣ̸Ц価ʣȷʵһ湫ӡת뵽ߵЦݣոȫʧֻа쳣
鲻Խ߶аħͷ˲ʣʲô
񿴵ȻѾûЦݣǺÿĻȻ𣬸ӿ϶Լ뷨
뵽Լ˵һȥ֪ô룿
ûûзʲôô
תͷÿǣ̧ŹȥкǣôҲ
ֻҲ˹ȥλΪǵ
λǣǿʵ
Ҳ񿪿ڣҽܣá
˻ʺ廰ǣ⼸ôҶ簡
ܾЩأ˱ֻ˼ʱͰƬɽʵҲ֣ɹֵǼλºⲻίƵġԿӦһˣݻ
ö֪֪Եɡ
⼸æ̸ҵûʱ䣬绹ðɣЦⲻ֪
รǾͶлˣҶܺãллĹġ
Ǿͺáǿãֿ񣬺ȻЦʣСϲӵİɣڴؿ
ֻæҡͷһᡱһ˵ĶʱȻʧ
ǲԣģ᣿
εЦЦҲ֪أԡ
ǻȻʵԭˡ
ôĹӣӦкܶŮӻһͬκȴһˣʵûȥ𣿡
ԳǺǣûа취ûŮԸһۣԼһû˼Իۡ˵㿴
Ҳǣʲô˼
Цǣ˵ЦˣֻҪһڣֻȫǵŮӶҪźһء
ǹСأ
û뵽ǻôʣһ£ſЦѾвˣͲͷǹˣ
ñ˵˵ӣ̬ȴ졣û뵽ΪһЦѾ졣룬ǲϲǵİɣȻƣǱǺһ㡣
˵ܲζֲ÷ֻøԳЦ
ǿãõ΢죬һۣʲôǡᡱһ

ȵصҵʱ򣬾ֻʣѾ뿪ǰ˵Ļɻ󣺡ղλʲô˵ʲôǰɣ
ǹӵҲý
ǰ
ʲô񣿡ܺ
ѳƬ˵ɽˮȻԼóʵ
Ƭɽģ
ǡ룬һҪʺܶܶ࣬һԸʡ鷳ɽ칫ģҲ˰¶룬Ƿ칫ӵ飬ȻҪģȻǷҵ飬Ծͺٺ١
ƺʶܶˡر
ŵǵ٩ǰж࿴ۣģܽΪѣǸ۸
˵Ȼڣŭǲ֪ܣ㻰Ҳ˵óڣ
룬ŮӶ࿴Ӽۣͽв֪ܣӿŮӣǷܣķ⽨塣
ԼѾٲȻΪ֪ܵŮˣҲûʲôںˣԼǸã
뵽ȻһЦʲôҴͲʶǣֻֻ֪ϲ£κ˲谭ңҰоͿУѾѣ֪ơ
ûҲ˵ǵͷ
뿪ķЦ̣˼κ˶谭ңĿ𣿿𣿡ԼãҲ֪ԼĴ𰸣ǲ԰ɡ
ûصǺ
𻭱ֽϻһһԾȻֽϡÿŻԼһְѻˣŵϵĻ񵯵٣⾳ƺڸ̾Щʲôƺڵ͵ǳСؼϵĻ
ŻˣĿתǳЦ
Ǵͽӣ˵Ҫ֮ǰЦǲӣڼԼǼ
ղ˵ЩղֻϸϸĻﾹ¶Ρ
ÿŻˣֻ⻭ƮƮɣҪֽϷ˳Ƶġ
ֱţòȡ
ĳһ
δǴȵ
ڡ˵ͷ
ȥ칫ˣةСԼ֮ĹϵҪϸϡ⼸˼Ҳ벻Եɣֻȡǵϣ
ȥ
С˹첻ʵӣԴΪأС㣬칫ӵ޹С¡
¶֮ɫ칫Ȼ˵ǽ֮ˣȴмţ칫ѧãʳõʤҪǿĽǮȴû˵칫ʲôҲ֡
С㿴ƺ칫Щϵһҹ㣬ôܸһ˳Ϲϵ֡
칫ӣС㣬Ҳǵļƻаǵ¶һЩƣ֪ӵԸ񣬹ӾƣгǱȻаġ
ʲôж
ľߵЩ
ľܹҵĻǵļƻضܹɹǳ
Ѿľ֮ŮľԹӲĽ֮ģԹ£ľѾ°빦ˡ
¶ϲɫԺһЦգƤ米ӰʱĵóѣһκЦ
ĵգˡ
תתգĸ뱣³ɹɱǼΪĸ󱨳






8߱ĸ

ñף˵һաʮ꣬Ҳļշ
ôҲǻӣǿȡ飬ȥɵģҪĸԸϲ
ʱ䣬Ӧ㹻ˡѾˣôͲſ
һةฮ
ةϵ³ͼã⼸Ҳ˵£֪ᣬ׼ˡ
ӣЦݿ䣬ԱѾ˷
ǰСأæ±ӹʵ
೯ԱߵŮȥС˵ˡūȥ
СŮҪǶӵĻҪ
룬㻹˽Ůİ֪ϱӦеС֪ʵǳƲϵӦåŶԡ
һᣬոȥСū澻ˣ˵үС㣬ڸ
һҲȣȥˣ
˵Сȥ칫ȥˡ
໹֪칫˭ֻǾ˭ҵĹӣҲ׷ʡ
תõӣСŮȥˣ¡
ްة࣬ˡ
ūôһ˵ˣ칫˭ᵽλ칫ӡò绨һȻ˵ʲôҴͲʶǣֻֻ֪ϲ£κ˲谭ңҰоͿУѾѣ֪ơ
칫ĪǾ˵֪
뵽ˣͺ޲ð칫
߳ةฮ˴칫ӵ䡣
칫һӣôͿԱأõ·ɸ봫鴫Ϣ칫ӵټȫޣ޴ҡ
úһܵȥȥңζҪҵ칫ӡ
뵽͸һ;ܡ
˸ȥ
ܲԶ
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ʵҲûôԸģȻѾɱ֮ģ֪ʲôǱҪҵҪҪҵĻҾ֪ܣҲҵģ˭©ٳҲ˵ˡ
ץ˻ңߣңͼ
ҪǵȥҾͲˡ
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ץһֱṦֱһƬСݣŰ
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Ц㸸Ǹʲôô¶ɱңѾ֮ɽﶼ
»ңͷ˵ֻҪͻӦҺ³Ļ¡
ᣬ۾ǡǡһƨڵϣԼͷ
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칫ӣң㴦ðɣѾġվŵϵĳ»ңһһ˵
תͷ»ңɷ߱ĸҪʲô۴أٴɣ
»ң־ؿҡҡͷ뱻١
ͻȻһͷԺð˳ɱֻҪɱ뷨жеĽ̳˹ȥ
ڻִԲ򣬸У
ͻȻһݶֱų»ң»ңȥ
̷߷ߵɱλŮѾ񼫣߱ĸ죬Ҫĸ׶෬˵̣Ҫɱ㣬Ҳ֣бҶ֣һˡ
תۼѾסǳ»ңƶ룬վǲģ
ö˵ķ³»ңȻصǼ
߽վʹ˷ŹһٸҪνʾڣܵ˵
ڣ
ڡһµ£ֻŹ
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ıȳȥ֮󣬾ͱɽһС
ĺһȹģֻǴҪֻðӲҧˣҲʡġҴﻹԱġ
ֻ̿˲̴ţ飬˭ܲ˵ġ
˼̴󾪣Ҫʲô
Ҫ̳ȥʱǰѼѾ׼ȷزţ˿֮
ģҪɵأ
칫ӣԡסˡĵ˿̫ˣ
ֻ̿ýˡ
ԼһƧĵطԼڿӣһڣһʵ
ģʱļ˶㣬տգȥ
Ƭأɽˮʺ㣬˵ԸһĽ¾һƬء
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˶ཿȴ
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ѶϻĺȻ״
һЦȺ쳾Ʈ
볾ȥһۡ
ģȴȾϳˣҲͻһԸֻԸܺúðϢ
뵽Լ뵽Լ뵽Լ뵽޴ɰˮ
̧ͷᶨһҪúõػš






9߱ĸ

˵üӣúϤ븵ƴ飬ʧȥñӡ
»ңƬεʱԼĲ룬ôأôйأǵһֱһĨӰתʱ˵
ú񼸺һһöʱоĵĻõɻ
ĻΪ칫ӣةฮϢѾ칫һ𣬿ٿӰ
ةฮû˵ѵĻô˵ͲǺ칫һ𡣵ûбҪ˵ѣ˵ѵĻѵΪ˶
칫ӺȻһһбȻʲôϵѵ칫Ӻͬһˣ
ӷųʱٴηԼ뷨ֻһŮӣôܻôһദˡ
ֵĶһƽŮΪû̲סҪ񼸺ͬòˡ
ĳ֣׷ԼƵ뷨ġ
˳òԼĲ²⡣
ǱģΪҲԿı䣬ǣȴһŮӿɢġ
λ칫ӺӦòͬһˣ֮ʲôϵأð˼⣬ֻüڰй۲졣
ֻ칫Լڿģֱ칫ɫγĸ飬þòԾ
ȻˣⲻһŮҲе̬˳˵ж᲻ᵯ
ñɻˣԼĲ²ҡڲ
Ҫʶλ칫ӣҪһ̽ðй۲ʱʶ
˵Ժܲãųȥ
ɽˮΪڣ˷龰ȴĨȥӰ
ò֪˳һ
һã˵Ȼոպͳ»ңƬΣ֪ûпס죬ֻǿ
ȵǸԲ𣬶Բŵˡ
ҲǸҲ÷ֻ˵ûйϵ
ҽá
֪Ĵأ뵽ͻȻԼһ磬òǺฮСò˶٣ͻȻѵĪ̽Լˣ˭ỳɰɣѵղȫˣĻ
̡ü
ỵܾ̈ǰ񣬿־òԾ
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һܳ񣿡Ҳ֮Ĺϵòô򵥡
ΪˣǲűϷСࡰô֣ѵҲô𣿡
ȷʵ̫ˣȷ̣õ۾ֱֱضֱǰ̲̫򵥣ϡ
о˵Ŀ⣬Цˣ˼Сװģ
ҲЦ·˵Ҳ˼кβɣ
ЦǣãЦ򱬷Ƶأ·Ц֣ȤҲ˵칫ӵţרŵֻ֤ǸͲٻҵ˰ɣ˵գóϷŵ칫Ӷ֮湫ӵӡ
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ðӻȥӡָ⻮ģеָһƬ΢̧ͷ䣬еȻʲôƵġ뵽ѵóƻǲţ
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ʱ򣬱Ѿһˣʮȥˣ˺ܶ࣬ݣСõǳЦݡ






10ϲ

⼸գҵúϲ죬һʲ֪ԭǴһޡ
ȥ㣬ͬʱڴ硣Цؿ
λ㣬ҪˣҺ᲻ม
壬ú
ԺͿˡ
ЦȻһչ˺õǵģλĵؼ޳ȥ
ҲЦ
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С˾С㣬С㱻
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λºεˣةͷð̡
ολˣǲõģڼҵϢɣһλȻġ
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˸ϵֳд򶷹ĺۼǰɱֳϸϸؿ
һ÷ӣӭ÷ӵķǰֲԶ÷ӡ
÷ϲԵģ;мȣϴ
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Ծҿ˵
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˵ȻʱΣգǴ˶Ҫ޽ҩɡ
ļǧɢн𣿡ǽ
˵У˵һҩݿɽⶾҩҪڼ֮²ŻῪģ˲һӾͻлˣ졭˵̾˿
絶ѵþûֽⶾķʽ𣿡
޿κΣʲôнģֶֻǰδóҩ漣һ㶼ǱɣҶҩõĶҲǿԣǸóĽҩҪʹãֻʱ䣬ԡ
ÿɫԽԽ԰ף촽Ѫɫõ¾ΣҪκ
¼ڵ䣬ֲҩ֣ģȥңҲҪҲʼֶҩĽҩɣôǲܷŹκһܱסĻᡣ
俴ã˼ᶨȻҵãұضþȫϣ֮ҩֲҩһ㶼ѩɽ֮ϣҽϿĮһֽɽĵطмҩݣʹҩҲǲģֻлܽⶾҪ÷ȥܽ⡣ҩǧɢһɡ尫СҶɫģҪĻҪ˵Ѫȥ飬ǧɢѪɺɫΨһı־
м³˵Ļ
۵ҾȥĮȡǧɢĶҩһҪͦסһ˵գ㿴࣬ӱض񣬲ŻΪ
ȥĮ֮·ңԶ֮룬ػضҪ죬ͲҪ̸ôǲҩ̸
ӴȥĮӣ˵ػؾҪ죬Ҫ֮ϻ
˵Ϊ˷ʱ䲻˯ԣͿӵˡ
ÿգҪ˫۾ҪҲһֻۣҲЦ
Ҫš






11½ⶾ

ĳһ
Сؾ綾ةฮ˵δܼʱ½ҩͻȥ
һõŮӼҪȥ
ʲôⶾķӣ
˵ҪһǧɢӣǻûеʱڣС㶨ǲܾˡ칧˵
ȥˣ
һ׹ǣ˵ôҪȻС㡱
죬ȥ׼Ҫȥһˡ
ӣȥĮӣػҲҪģûиϻСѾˡ
ʲôҪ˵ˣ˵ˡǧɢϸ
ǿ⣬Цգ˵ҪܹȡǧɢɾԶҡ
վڰǰ
ҪȥĮӣߣȥ·;ңԶ֮ԽΪԷһǧɢҪܿģҪǵİǶ书һһĺ֣ǲԸңҲǿ
˳ĬȻһµԸһȥѰǧɢ
ÿ˿˵ãڴ˵Ǳ֮ڸϻ;һҪҶϢԼҹ·ϣҪúϣõǧɢһصǵġ
ڰϷģһ߾ȫ
öԸڽ֮󣬱Ͱһˡٶȱͺã֮ǣǸ˿иһ·Ͽӱޣ·϶˾ͺͰǳԸνֶ롣
ϣ·;࣬úȻһ·Ҳ˲࣬ڻԵõͿࡣ
ϣ۵üζ˯ˣ֧šλҲ۵òУ֧֣Ҳͣ
һ·Ϻ谭õĿӱȡЧڵڶϾ͵Įӡ
Į֮һҲҵõ˳˵ɽðʼּ·ʼѰҡ
ɽúܣһۿȥ治֪Ӻ
öһɽңԴ·ǿǧɢûһɡεòݶҪѪԣǽһ⣬Ҫҵǧɢ
ñΪӦֻ֪ɵﻳǿǧɢȥˣȴ˵Ǵû˵ǧɢ
ɽãɽϵÿСݶڿġѾһһҹûϢˣ߽ЩģԺӰֱԼѹ
۾ԼԺеǧɢǰĻԱȡ
˿Լ֣Ѿǧٿˡ
Ȼǰһ裬ǰժȥɽҪƵءɽȻûп赲»ĵط
ñΪҪֹͣȥʱȴǸ£Լȴܿưصȥ
õ˼άֹͣˣ뵽ˣȥˣ˭ǧɢأ
ȻŵصʱȴԼˮˡ
ȫˮΪʲôô䣿ɻ󣬿ܣԭһıءΧǱ飬ѹֻ䣿
飬·˼ǵó˵ǧɢҪǳſģԽĵطǧɢȻڵļԽ
뵽ϴӱȥȻҡ
ȻһѩǴһ֧ɡεֲ
õƲסϲãȻȴ
ûп˺ĵطȴûп
ΪʲôѾÿʧȥ֪ˣΪʲô⻨ȴ޶أ
ɡֲȥһֲɫҶ˲ȾѪƵرˡ
ϲѹϲҵԵǧɢѹȴûп
Χı飬뵽һ취
ѱ鶼ᵽǧɢԱߡ
ÿһ飬ɫԽӲ԰
ȵڰеı鶼ᵽǻǰʱȫѾúͱ졣
ʵ̫ˣ䵽ӣ棬һûбĵط
룬ҪŻ˯һͺˡţ˯
ɫôˣˣǶ
ǧɢȴɱȻûֻǺҶȴԽ
ˮǻ쿪ɣѾеú䶼㣬Ϊʲôأ
ͷֻ̧ǧɢýΣ˵
۾ǧɢȥǺɫĻʱ֪ԼôģֻĶԼġǧɢһˡ
ǧɢóźŵзȥźŵض֪
һ氵Ƕҵ£ЦˣİȻ
װ飬ǧɢУȻñ廤סĴ֮һųĺܹάǧɢܡ
õǧɢˣͰǿӱ޵ظϻȥʱѾǵˡ
ۿ޿쵽Ѷةฮһ㣬ĻѾӣճС
ȻףһߣͰѶҹӺˣصฮտ
ڶҩҩо࿴Ľչֻ֮ǰϣԶĮӵ
գɫͿˡ
˯ųԲ£
Ȼ겻ڸУǸ˭֪ĵλǷıǶǼõġڸλҲǾʺģλ˵ֻҪʲôõĶ뵽ǡ
ۿŴ޿쵽񻹰ùȥ˲˸ʺš
Ҳ˾Ĵҽ˵Ķǳ˵ķֺ
ֻܼʱǧɢ𣿳ܰѽҩо
֪һж֪һϢѸסˡ
ķ󣬿ֿ˺þãѾǲԲȵԱߡ
ɱôȰķ˾ǲȥԵ㶫Ҫ
ѹ˵ˣСҪ֪Ҳ᲻ģȥԵɣҲȷ˳ˣСͻˡ
ķֵΪ۵İ֪ÿοһįʱǿ͸еˣʱȴЦӭ֪㿴ҹյһƬ֣ǲһѹ⣬ûǷȻˣȴûܿǵЦݣﺦҲѲˣﺦԺҲҲ㼣ﺦʧȥ㰡
ķ˵꣬۾ˮ䣬䵽俴ֶˣеСֶˡ
ķٿ֣ȴֻֻǰû˿ƶļ¶ʧղС涯ˡ
ķ˿񣺡ģѾӣŬգգ۾ϣˮԭ·أȴˮǸˮաô˿̣еı˶ѹؿڣ÷й
ɱҲ߽ѵľ󣬲ʹãҪͦסҪӻ
ɱڣǱûʲôҩƶҩȥǲеġ
ɱҡҡͷҪУˡ
̧ͷɱڣѵûлûоɣþûо𣿡
ķͻȻ˵ģһãӦģҶȥӦҪȥԭ˵Ҫúõػš
Ѿˡ
ϱ
æķ˵öԣһüãøһᱣģࡱ
֮ȣֻķš
ķһˡ
ʱͻȻһͽôˣ
ϣ˵˾綾ǧɢѾһˡ
ϼͽҲˣֱķ˿ƴŭ˭µĶ˺ݶ
æ˵ѾǳС»ңµĶ
ְɫѾԽԽأˣˡ
һԣɻؿϼͽܵĶٲ⣬ͼˣǻȥҪ˹
ĻסⶾǲģẦġ
һæ͵һȷʵʦ书ҽ̵ģ֮ҲẦҪҡ
˵Ҫ˹ķĻ˹ͷҲܲôֱ࣬ӾͰķ˶ȥˣֽſ죬űȥˣæס
ûʱ֤ϵĻҽˡ
Щģܾ𣿡
Ҳȷֻ֪֪ϵ书ܺãȹܶˡ
ķһϲǾоˡ
ɱôΪͽ
ѾͷֵúܣҲ֪ôʦġ
ɱ˳ĻʵʱΪʲôϾҲͲõôãҲȥôԶȡҩˡ
˽ϵرߣҵõģҲ֪ʦǼʹϣҲֻܻסӳ롣Ҫ볹׾񣬾ͱǧɢ
˱ΪϿԾȺôһ˵ոյϲֱѹȥ
ɱڿ򷿼䣬ǰ컹Ūãȴû˴𽭺ն






12½ⶾ

ãϲŴ˿Ѿͷ󺹡
æΧȥô
ãôǳɱں˵
Ůôķ˵
ŭΪʲô֪ͨңȻû裬ҲѾܵѪҺ̫ˡ
ʹ˵û𣿡
ҡҡͷҲȫȻֻֻ̫ӳʱ䣬ҪûнҩⶾǹģҪһж֪ͨҵĻҲͿ԰ĶȫƳڣҪǿбƳĻʹˣҲ޹ϣᵼзϡ
ϲԵȵӻˡ
ɻ󣺡ӣ
ɱڵ˵ǧɢԽǧɢĶѾȥǧɢˣӦÿԸϵ
ϣȥĮңңǧôܸϵû
֣ΪβɣҪǲ˯ҹ·ǿԵġ
ϵǲ֪𣿱սңĶ콫ѾؿڣǲҲѷ
ķһȥ
ģһģӵݣ᲻ӡ
ϻص趽콫Ѿû˯͸֧;սңҵˡ
һ⻰еϣ˲
Ȼһ˳Ĭүүӣˡ
Ѫֻӡ
Ϊˡ
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ĬԵر
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ϲȥ֭
Ѿ֪ͨ䣬ʱҲˣɡ
Сذǻȫŵ˹
ȥá
ӵˣ˵ϵѪǱ˵ģûˣֻ¹ͣ˯ز㣬͸֧ŻԲѵģϢһ¾ͺˡ
Ը˺úչãȥ
䰾֭͸£ҲǧɢҶӷļϡ
˽ŵؿ
һӵʱ󣬳Ϊ
չյĶѾˣֻûôѰա
ģ˾ͺã˾ͺãҶȥЪϢɣͿˡ
ˣֻǿŵڣ֪ûˣҲȥϢˡ
Ѿס
Ȼ̫ۣҲû˯͵⡣ȥ糯ǰȥδѣֻɫɱˣյɫ
ѾĴ
Сɫֻǲ԰ɫɫķࡣ
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С𣿡
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ȷʵǶѵġûгԷҪ˶죬ˡ
۾˶֣֫۾˵شУС
ֵ˾ˣҪ֪ͨƵأ
ЦС˾綾ҹˣȫ˶Ϊ㵣ĵҪԲ˯ãҵȻҪ֪ͨǰ
뵽ԼԿտҲҶˡ
ָָһ׼õķˣү֪һͻҪԷһ׼ˡ
񿴵ˣҪû뵽𴲵ûУһͷժȥס
Сطס񣬰ţϴ뿪ʼ
ԼԵĲˣͷ˽
̻ʵſķˣ˵С㣬ԡ
ؾöһЩߵС㶼ˣעʲô󰡣
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˼״ү˵ǳǧɢС㣬ҪллӣҪûûˡͣסеĶ
ԣӰҽ˶
ǰСеĶҪһǧɢǻĮӣڶſģ֪ʲô취ǧɢ˻ΪȷǲǧɢӵֶѾ̵ǧٿˡ
ſŷͣΪʲôҪ֣
ΪǧɢҶѪͻɫúɫ
Ȼʵһ죬ȥĮҪ죿
ܸжҪ죬Ӳ߲ݲŵ֮õǧɢС㣬óӺϲС㣬ΪС㣬Ҫ˶ãġ
𣿶뵽˵һμ棬ͰԼˮڶȥκһĺֱ֣ܿײһǺȾƺȵòʡ¡
ƺûн䱸
뵽ԣϷԣҵĴȫǵŮӶ㿴ϲҵŮӣ벻޶
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ЦЦСҲϲ𣿡
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ҪӶ֮㣬Ҫ
ֻԳԵЦˣǰ뵽ʲôƵͻȻ˵ûأСҪȥ𣿡
ȣûѣ𣿡һͣҲǻᵣİɡ
ҹѪﻹǧɢ˵Ǽ켸ҹû˯ΪʹǧɢǧɢҪĵطܿΪ˺ľʦ˵;սңԲѡ
͵ͳĻ
þΪգǸЦаΪؾ綾
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·;
ǧٿ׵
Ϊˡ
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Ҫȥӡ˱ٵػصԼɵĵط
С̫жˣСҪţæС㣬ฮ
ֱõķ䣬øոѾҪѾװ˯
һűش򿪵֪
оԽԽԸоĺ
һֱֻŵֻĵ˺öࡱ
֪ǰ뿴ֹԼΪʲôҪװ˯뿴ǷȻʱǷΪ
ֿɼȴֻܸоͻȻԼ͵ĸ飬ƺˣֻ˵Ǿˣֻǿ
˺ܶ࣬ʹǺܿ
룬ҪӣҪֻƽռңɡ
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ĿĴﵽˣıжˡ
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ﲻΪ룬ǿô˵Ϊأ
˵ԺᱣһЦӺôҪŮӾһ
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۾װǸƵأܿȥˣ˵ˣ
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𣿡
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ѷŪ
ź𴲡һ˾ˡ
ÿΪʢ۵˵»ม
ǲ˵ķϣҲᡣǰ
ÿ˿ֿ꣬˿ιҳԣòã
˵Լᶯְת룬ľˣιкβɡ
ÿ˿ı飬ãֿ꣬ѷ͵
һڷĲּеǰϲ̵سȥ
һڷһڲ˵ιҲ˵ֻ͵͵ȥ
ιһСʱˣôô໹ûгԱ
ֻιʳоֻúúóԡ
Ƶһ㣬ûгԱ𣿡
һ㶣ʵģ˼̫𣿲оȷʵǱģ˵һ˵Ҳúܱˡ
ûԱҲ˵ҲȥĮûҷˡ
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Ťسȥʰȥˡ
ó극ѾãҲָˣ׼ȥɢɢ
һţ㱻ܶΧǣķȥ
ķ˶˵໰Ҳ֪ķ˶ΪԼģҲķ˱ڻ






13л

ȥ֪Ϊׯ飬ԹԵȥˡ
࿴˿ôϳŮģ
³綼֪ڣȻѾ˵飬Ѿ֪һЩ顣
ΪȻԩ޳ΪʲôôҲ̫
༱ˣѾҪɱˣ㻹֪
»ңѾˣɲ鷳ˣο»ңѾˣûˡ
һۣһˣڲˣǸ˵ĻҪ˵ܿŮݽȥ񣬵֪Լ뷨ҪΪһ书Ͳˣ磬ǧŹ֣治Уĸƣ¶Ҫ۰ǸأѾʥϣѾְлˣ¾ʹաԺһжҪСĵ㰡ҪӣСûˣҪúõллӰ
֪ˡ
ҪлӣûʲôҪ׵İָ
һЦϲǳУŮȻġ
ͷԼҵĳӻҪȥҲȥ𣿡
Ͳ˰ɣǳӿɲһ˰ÿζҪƭĲΪ³ģν£ҪúõƷζร˵أо²ɫˣҲпڸҵúúҪô³
鷿䡣
磬˺öࡣ
е磬ˡ
俴񣺡̫ȣݵġ
֪ǰΪԼĶıشΪСҵĶյģ磬лл㡣
俴۾֮仹̸ʲôл֡
ȥӡ
Ȼ˵³ܲףʵÿֻҪҪֻ̫Ƿ飬Ըǽ³
۾ҵӡֻһǶоʲôˣӺ
ֻǿ˿ƺһ㶼ĵ
ӣôһ㶼˰
²˵ɣʲô£ͷҲ̧רе¡
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ʵˡƤҲ̧
ģΪرรҰѳǽɽ͸㣬ƬɽѾӰְкָܶˮȵ󣬴ˣɽϾͻῪһʱ϶һһϲġ
һ룬ϲİ
ͣеĶܺã¡
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Сһﶮò˼˰ɣ
˵ɣҿԳܡ
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Ц˵ж
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ҲˣûˡСر۵
ˣʲôûˣ־綾ûһҺ˰ˡȻѹлģһҾ͸ȥ˵ֵͷרĵظԼ¡
ŪĪȻһֱԡˡ֮ʵĲ̫˽ֻֻ֪Ҫ˵£ܾ
۾ҹ䣬۾ӵʦµģӺϧʱڴ˶˳칫ӵĽƳӣ仰ʵ󴫡
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ļڼҹ֮
ü̶ֽʫԭҲֻЦΪӣľͱƽ˶࣬޿ɷ顣鷨ȷʵܺá
һüͷҲšֻǼɷﰵǻʲôôģ
߽һƣģ
ü۾ͣǱ
񣬺񣬿Ǹոûпһۣػử
֪˵ʲô
Ƶر͡
֮ûͣ£ֻƵʵôˣûκ뷨
һ㶣°һʲô뷨ǿˣûͦرˡ
ΪǺˣЦҲẦ߰
˿ʵüëܺÿ͵ĨЦʵܹˣıҲͦרע±ֽϵΪ
Ȼ뵽һҲܲɡ
֮Ȼ۾Ťתͷٿ
޵ЦֱţղŻжأߣϺꡣ
ЦɣЦ㣬ЦֱֹۡԼԼҪתͷֲϻ
ԹԵȥˡ
ã̲סֻһ㡣
õ飬꣬˹ȥôûл갡
ЦˣԼɡ
ùϸơ
ԭվﷺ۵ϵɷдϡ
ԭ۲ϸ
ֿ˵ò
ϲ𣿡
͸ˡѻӸ
ӹЦҪ춼˼˰Ǻξİ
۾ѻҡ
ڻ˵Ļﻹջصĵ⻭һģȻҵġ
СԻҲϡ㻭ģԸûȥɣ˵С
ЦŰѻպã뿪鷿






14ǵ

˵ǵȥĮӣûҵǧɢּ֪ʲô£ûûп֪Ѿ죬̻
;ֵ֪ް
·Żص³ǡ
񣬰˵һͨ˵ĪŪףԭҲΪж֮£ֺ֣죬Ҫȥðհ
ֵ֪ǻδϢһǻҪúл
һգڽϾȻջǡ
ǲ֪˵ʲôãֻǣлл⡣
ǣĸԸģҲûΪõǧɢ˵ʲôлأ
ЦȻԴ͵ģ¿ˡ
ҲЦˣԭ仰ˣգҪȥϢˡ
á˺ƬɽĵϽȥ
ǵĳ֣ǵ£;ÿɡõĶǶǵΪȴе
ҪȥƸö⣬жҪˡ
Ƹ
Ѿ鵽Ǻȥʮүǵϵʮĵܳú»ǵѵʮүл˵
ʮүݹˣô˴ĿľΪ˵λɣ
ȷ
Ѿ֤длʮֿ϶
֪ģƸϢ˷δ
ã֪ˡ
ǰѹֵһμ棬Ҿ;ϵϢһԭҰĲҰļҰ
Ҿˣ뵱ʵۣҪ£ҲȥةͷҺͶ磿粻£ϲ棬ĵλûаԼأһŮӣʲôͣҡҡͷ
Ȼ뵽ȷıʾ˵һۣѵˮ
˵ȴλ飬ġ
ȥòס⡣ةҪϻģڱսңƻŴ£ľȨգһжһǣš
һսˣ⻼ʵ۵ࡣ
һңҾͲνСǧң޹Ϊң
ţԽԽӡ˷һеķվ޴̸
ԹŴλҪֵ֧ģλ˭Ҫ֧أͷ롣
ľľƾʲôҪ֧Լʵ񲻸ãҪľûеʵ۵ҰĵĻʹҲûɰȻʵѾڿľıȨ⣬ǻҲûôͬһѱĻҪǲɹǾ·һˣҪʮɵİգᶯֵġ
ة̫ࣿܣʵֻϺѾŮˣܲܶԸŮɡ
ϵܡ
Ȼ뵽ŶΣѵ۹ˣͻȻ뷨ܿܵġսңΪʲôʲôʱսңʱսңôɵ°
ǺðգԴôӦòӰɣ
ʮֲ⳯͢黹ñȥˣҪȥȰϵְˡ
鷿
Ҫ˵¡
ʲô£
ϻɡ
Ϊɶͷԡ
⻼λة֮λ²ְǵº˵һͨ
سԾ
ܽǸϻɡ
̾һ˵ΪʵۻϷ𣿡
׼ƣΪʲôţ
㿴ɣϣҪڵĻϿ϶ԡҲΪ롰һĪеεģ񰡣ٳѣ˹ٳҲѰ
бò᲻߰ɣڳ͢Ϻ绽ģˬɣ
ҲߣϴǼõģҾˣͳ˹¼ҹˡ
һϣǹ¼ҹˣһ
ϣһζҶɽʵҶԹٳѾ룬ֻǲܲ¶룬⻼Ҿ͸뿪ˡΪϽĻ뿪Ҳߵðģңңǳ⣬Ҳ᲻ðġ̫ƽӲ
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Цʮǰ£Ҫܳ
㳤˵
㲻׵ģǶףһҵ̫ƽʵںҪֻΪԼ̫˽𣿡
ʲôʱôΰˣ
ҡҡͷҲΰֻһ˼Ǿ仰ūδΪҡСҵҸܹҵҸѾ㹻ˡ
ֵ𣿵ҲУǾҪ׼ʹһĴۣҲҪȥ𣿡ǲ㹻ΰֻһִ꣬û̵ֻ֪֪ÿһԼÿһңԼĹ켣Ĺ켣
ǲⳡ𣿡
ǰҲ룬ǿһûսҵĵطȥƾӣÿһҶǾѪǸı䲻ˣǵ̫С
ѾɵؾˣʶǣѾɼˡ
ǻԳֻҪϴְĻ뿪һûսҵĵطȥ
̾ܵģΪϲ֪𣿻Ѿ֪ǵĹϵˣҪıҲѲ˹ϵ
ϼȻ֪ĹϵôϱȻ֪ǵݣǵĿġ
ôΪʲôȡж
ǰҲȡжǻϵֵܰδҪʱֵܶǻϲСܵܰ
˼ǻʵۻδöԲ߰ˡ
ãŴ鷿룬ֿãǵǱߺúðɡ
ǸõطʱƵʱ򣬿ǵءϢ˯ĵطӾĵطȲĵطǧĵطʵһȥ
ǧϱ۾
Ըֵܵķ磬ԸܵҹԸܵµĿֻҪ۾ȫܡҪܹԶһ龻Ǹöá
ǰʱɼɺݳޡʱĸ׵ĽϱǸһĿʼʲôĽأ
ͯļԶյ¶ĵƹ⣬ȴʹࡣ󣬽ףⳡǣǣס衣Ǽ裬ˣˡ
˺ͯ꣬꣬ꡣͯ꣬ײĸ׶Գţļ֪꣬׻ǲĸ׻Գţ꣬ѹء
ĸ״ûиκμͥļֹֻĳܣֹĳܡϳ糳ϳ
ĸĻ˴ˣһ޴˺ʹˣɵ
û޷ĺڰĸԴ
һʼǵģֻǾȾǾͱøˡҲˣȴűˡ̫ˣǱ̫ݶӾﾭ˵ԼҲκˣʱΪȻڹ仰
Ҳƭ˵ġضκ˶ۣǲȥš
Ȼ̫׸жˣ̫׶һ˳飬һʧȥ㣬㡣
ѾͶ̥ˡ
Լ׬ǮǮǺҪġǮʹĥΪԼݡʲô飬Ҫ·ÿһߵС
źۣ̫ණͿɱ˵磬ĺúԼͻȻĳһͱɱŬ䡣
һŮҪ黭Щѧ
һӭЩܻøãʵ֤ȷˡÿһ˶ᾪ̾Ĳա
书ûκεĿ־壬ǮʹܹԼ飬ǰǲܴﵽġò˵νҲڴﵽе֮ӵеĶСס
ڵȫˣΪһ죬Ŭ˺ܾáڣȴҪⳡսĪĺ¡һŮһսȫ
ʺţþ÷뵽Щǣľҡš
ԼѵڴԼشֻԼĺ
˷оüë۾
ʦô㰡
ͽܰʦҪˡ
ߣҪȥǧ
ϵʦĺ޶Ȼ
ϵֱʦס£㶥ʦźô
˵ͽܰǲѾԹ˾Ͳˡҡҡͷ
ͽܣͽܣʦǰôûᵽ
ʲôˣȤϺ޵ҧгݣͽ̣֮
ͺܺðҵר
ϵͽ֪ܰʦʲôİɣ
ܿ϶Ҫӵİɣ
ͷʦÿζ幤ûùʣʦ֪ͽʲôûУӶࡣ
ЦʦҪӣͽܵȻҪİһóһƱ
Цͽ󷽣ʦˡ
ƱϾʧˣԳЦˣȻ֣ͷô֮ƵءԺҪӷˡ






15ǵ

Դڽϱ֮Ϣһ죬һȥκ
뷴žȥˡ
һͬǴͻȻ뵽ɺͰꡣЦ⴬һ˵Ĺ¡
ʵʲô£
һΪΪɵĶ·ڴɼǰһЦǣѾ飬⣬飬˱Ϊ򸾡ٰһĽķޣ޶˿һҽݣˣ˳ƻǲΪһΪĺ֪£㼸ֹ࣬¼˷Ļȥɽ³ˣ󷨺޹˶֮䣬귢ˮˮɽ£ðʮֺԼ˷Ļӽɽ˳˶Եһһӣת꺢ӣѰˣѹ׷ʹڽɽ³ˡ£̾һ
ǵҲ̫ű˵Ļˡ
ǰǺõģ˶ʮ޳ˡ
ǣĹ£ǰôû
Զɽһ˸ҵġ
ǣĽŮ𣿡
ҡҡͷǣɣҲһڰ꣬һ֪ĻҾͻ뿪ġ
ʹʹࣿ
ǵģ԰ҲװһˡЦ
һڰʾЩʲô
ת⣺á
ڴͷӭţشȹڣ˫ֳſ۾š
룺ҪܹԶð
ˮﲻʱػð㣬񿴵ˣ¸ˣǣû׼Ĺߣ
ǵС
գó˵Ĺ߸ҲԼһס
˶ڴͷ
ﾲЦǣ㻹ûиأ
ֶֻǳƺͽǼɡ
ҲǣȻ㲻ԸҲǿ֮ˣϲȨƽǮѵ㣬£ǿҪ˶顱Ц
ʵ㲻ϲȨ𣿡
һƺȨǶʲôϲɣҽǲССľҪİһȥϸˮ鷺۵㣬ĴԭߵĴѩĽϣ½滨ϴ山ҳţ¹ƹϣ·Ψ˯ո˿˼裬Ұ˼ңǸܰ
ǰ·Ǹ龰Ʈ滨ΧڴϿյҳũڹ¡
ǰһǶôܰ
ֺγ
оܲ
ЦǰֻǿѴﵽˡ
ʵôˣ
꣺㲻֪ңֿʼﻹһƬ֮
ǵϺܿҪɱȥӦòд⡣
Σսǲá
ܣһᴦõģͲõˡ
ܣڿϣ˵ʲôϸؿ˿
ǰҲϲϣϰӣǰյĸ
˵ȥƽңӱΪƽ
񣺡𣿡
ǣģҪ˰ɡ
ô죿
ţҪȥ𣿡
ȻҪͣҵľˣϹˡ˷ܵϰΣֻóġ
ĵ϶ܴ㡣
ͳĿһܴ㡣Ѿ׼õͰҪȥԿ㣬ְźŴһйľȸԾѡ
һֱҰζ͵ؿĸоڿ鵽ˡ
㣬ͺ޲øϽãˣžˣȥԼһԿš
һǾͰŰɣˣ
ǵ㳢
˺һƬۣͦóԵģƺз˵ϡ
Եýζǣ˵ζ˰ɣม
ǵǰŵʱ˳ˣóԾͶԵ㰡
ּóһ㿾š
ǼԵÿģ˵ҪϲԺ춼ȥ桱
ǺЦ棬ǲǺ˷ʱ䣿ҲԼҪæ
ҲǣԺʲôĵطһ֪ͨม
ðรˣҶô°ҶȥģҺôؾǡ
ǹЦҴˣ˾ҪҵģѺ͸һˣһ·飬ó̿Ȥˡ
ԭรǣ˵ϼݣôǻð
֪£á
Ļش𣬺̫˼
֪ԼҪʲô̲Ҳ룬ôͻпʼ
һûа취ؿֻҪһ뵽˺ܻܿԼǼ˻Ǹʧȥ;ÿֲ
ǣһ仰
оյͣǳ˵ɡ
Ҫλ𣿡
Ѿ֪еĿʱл
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Ȼоӱģ֪ڲϵǵ
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ת㶼֪˶٣
ЦƵ᣺һŲ֪
ǵ㻹Цó㲱ˡ
ܿ϶㲻ɱҵġ
תͷôȷ
ǰ㲻ϲԼϲ𣿡
ģҪҲظһ϶
ǾͶְɡ
ϵĵͻȻ䣬һ̧ͷѾվǰ
ɱӣȹءͻȻ֪ûоǻ᲻ɱأ
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۾ǣֻ̬·ʲô¶ûз
Ȼ̽վҲڴ
ȰӣѾ֪ǵݣǱȻỵµġ
δֻƬѾ¾ɱ
۾ֱȻδԣȴĬˡȻˣǾͲˡ
Ҫ֣Ǵȵͣ
е˶֣ͣﵲǰ档
Ƕķ˵ҽ𣿡
ǣ㶼ҪɱˣҪʲô
ûС
ûзԡ
üͷ鲻ԼĿԡ
켱ӡ
ǵ㲻Ҫ˵ˣ°ɡ
ȫȥ
ֻˡ
ǿ˿ܲҲ£
ô֪㲻֣
ôң
㻹ʲôʸ㣿
ȻôһҵĻ𣿡
ȻԸǾʹԸĽ͡
ǵı鿪ʼ仯񿴵óһǳʹ
ֻʮǰʱֵλҲµõΪĻӵҲǵնûλĸҲڵ̫ʮֿɶǰΪҵĸܵȻʵĳ谮ʮּʣ뺦ĸֱٵ˵Ļϣ̫Ϳʼҵĸʼ˽Կĸȥĸ˫ۣȥĸֽţĸıӣȥĸʱѾˡ
ȣ˲˵龹Ȼϣֱš
ٿǣȭͷգӲشϣˮϻ䡣
鷢ϣͻëȻ
꼸ĺӾͿһ棬ǶôĲ̣ҲѹˡԭеһжԴ¼
Ƿĵһͬ÷ʽԸĶҲʹࡱ
̫󿴵Ѿ֪ĸ׵飬ûжնݳ𣿡
У׷ɱңֻþɱ
֪𣿡
֪ʱûмţŵĺʱмŵĻҵĸͲ⵽ĽҲŹġ
԰ףϳѪ֪
˹ȥŰԼǺοأʹ𣿡֣֪ʱѾѪ
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̫󣬺޻ϣԼΪʲôڵң
Щ֡
ܵҪһ¡˺һ鲼Ϊ
̧ͷ񣬺סƷ
ļ˵ĸܡ
ᣬĸʹЩܶҹǴجĸû۾ûбӣûֽŵǳԺģռеļ䡣
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ģҪɱ̫ҲҪûϳЩܵʹ
ฮС㣬ĵة࣬ѱ֤ܹΪܡĸ֮䣬ѡĸ׵ġĸ׵ĳ𲻹죬һҪġ
أҪô죿
ңҲһѡ񱨳ѹģᣬⶼΪĹﻹ¶Եĸ顣
ٿʱѸˣ峺۾ԼֻԼ΢ڲԸ֧ңһ𣿡
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ʾ⣬ĵֶӰЩ
޷һô̹Ȼ
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ۻܿ
еһУһеʺţҪȴʱĻش
ϵҲ֪Ҳ֪ҪôΪѣӦ֧ġǡҲ֪
Ըһͬ𣿡ǵ
Ҳֻ֪֪Ҷĸ鲢Ů顱
ôأʲô飿ǼǺá
Ҳ֪
ǵ˻𣺡Ҿ֪Ƕһһ֪ҵ֪࣬ҵĳޣȴ֧ңһ𡣶˵˽ҵĸܣһҷҷ
ֻúҡǵе£ĳе
ʵһַʽܾȻ˿ϡ
֪ǵԺò̸
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ǣΪô͹۵˵ҪΪ˽˸Ӱжϡ
ӡ
ôǵúˣõľģõľ²Ҹʱ˺С
ȰҲҪλģֻҪɱĸףȻҲҵʹ롱
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һҲԼɺͽڣıĻҪɱ㣬Ժͻû֮ˡ
Ҿɱ
ǣǷҪ𣿡
ǵģǱɣκ˶ֹҡܼ
ѯ𣿡
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ͻȻϲ㡱
˿֪Ϊ˾ҡ
ҲŬ
ҡ
Ϊ𣿡
縡ƼǵıһԼ
һʼнĵģһֱûз½䱸
ã鲻Խǻ˵ĻǺش
Ϊɥˣ֮
飺ǣǲܵģұ˵
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ΪĳޣΪĵӰ
㣬Ҳһ˵ġ
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۵ǶǲһģһҪãǰֻн䱸ڶֻۣûϲ
Ǻˡ
ת˵߰ɡ
룬ҪԼһ߶Ҳкô
ǵҪúñأˡ
ˣǵ˫ٴصشǿϣѪʪ˰˺






16

صฮͱôס
һȥˣţվſڣƺЩʱ
ԭǲģ鲻죬˵ô࣬Ȼ֪ˣعͷɻ󣺡˸ǣ
˺ܲмѾͷ˵ģǾǳˡ
û˵ǡ
ÿɫãôò죿
һɣúܡ
ôܲˬ
תƻ⣺˵Ҫȥսˣ
Цǰ㿴ҺҪȥˣҪҪʲôʾ
书ô󽫾Ӧв˲ɣ
õǴˣթòãҪҪԼڳǽ´òã
У㶼һùҡ
վˣǾȥ´үܲˡ
ƽ󽫾ҪǱ˿ԼһŴ󽫾ҪһСŮȥ䣬˵³ϰջô밡Ӯ˵ĻʤһŮӣûʲôýģ˵Ļٺ٣һ󽫾Ȼ򲻹ŮӣСͷĪ
ȥ˵˵ȥǲҡ
İ𣺡ʲôңߣǽţС㲻Ƥ
ùЦ˵ˣ
۵СŮһԼȳ׷
Щˣʯ¡
÷ŵˣ
Ƿǵģˡ
عƻ󣺡Ҫม
˶ȥ
õһߣͲ֪ʲôʱˣٲңԺͲܼˣึˣΪҴսڼ䲻ڶ˼صظԼҲһԻ񣬿ˣҪˣȥҵĻҪǲҵĻҲȥҵĻ֮࿴ҵĻ񣬱֤彡⡱
ؿҪҴ˼ˣǰɣ
𣿡
𣿴ǿ϶İ뿪ڣִ쿴ԼĻûȤ翴ҵģ⻭ϵҺеӲ˰ɣ㿴˻Ŀġ
ǣǣӣ㳤÷Σٷ磬ʣСһǳϸϸؿģðɣ
ĵ⡰Ұɣ
Ҫǻشǣΰۣôôأ
۾װ˯
㲻˵ǴӦ˰˵
þصȴţһȵĺһԭ˯ˡ
̰ܵ˯С
ر˷ӣһؿŻеˣֻͷ˸λȥ˿֪ŵΪ޹ʹĶ
ñҵķ䣬ƿţطŵ˴ϡ
ʧȥ˻תͰͷڻʧЦ
˯е˯رͷ¶Цݡ
ò֪ĨЦΪʲô
ֻǿ˵ЦݣӼᶨԼģҪһһ
˴αȥƽսңͻӭȢ
ڴڼ䣬ĪҪʲôʲźá
ظ˯գ˵һҪһԺ໨ֻ࣬رϲԺֵǿ֤ϲӡڶһżسķ
ʲô£
۾ȴȻδȫ
ͽͣʮ˷ܣּСͻ飬˵ˣ˴ԶСȥͿǱȺĺˡ
ţҪۣͻ顣
ͻ飿˭˭
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ֱڹ顣
￴ֻѾṦԽȺǰһⲻ칫
԰꣬ȰѴŸҽסƬɽиֹҰæչˣһ˴ҵƣҲΪ˹Գøáҵһ¾ͻɽһƬɽֳɲ֣ȻһһֵָǣǸԸԼֵǲ֣Ҫгݣɱ棬ˮʩʣժ顣ʱûоסĵطҿɽϸéݣһ˰ҸéݵģҾͲóˣҶչҲа𣿡
˵סȻַ׷¹лл칫ӣлл칫ӡ
ЦѻĳӦġ˵Ѿֺͼֽһȥ顣
һ죬ɽӦöˣʱǱéҲܶ࣬Ӧú֡
˵Ѱ
ЩȻȤȻȻǸǷݵʱ˺ܶ⡣ҶҪЩéݡ
˵񲻵룬óݣóڵȫȥæ
źЩв⣬ҪôéݣةĹϵŪéݡ
ԭƻŪõķ⣬ɣڼ䣬ֻðǵڳµĴլϢ졣
ʮЩźá෬ϽͣҲִ̫٣Ҳû
ۿɽéݵʱ򣬱һòְ취뵽ˡ
ʱ򣬱˲档˵Ҫ칫ӡ
Ȼ֪Ѿͷģôҽ֮أ
ֻ˵ϣ칫书ǿĺӰȥٵģϳô
ϵһˣܵȥͷԸȥֻ칫ӵӰ̽
༱ϣ칫ǽץҲûݣûɱ˷Ż鷸ơ
˵޲Ǽ𣿡
ϣ칫Ӵǣˣ˵ǻʶƵƨĵúãԺЦտ׷ˡ

дЩæ鶼ûпСæ꣬ԺúϢˡ
³ˣѵáΪ³Ѿܾûˡ
ˣˣ·߶Ҳ벻ʲô
ܾӦҪʲôȴ벻
ǰգʵ۴ͻ£ôûзԡ
ЦЦϾ飬ʲôáķҲ˵飬ȴǸˡ
õĻ£̫⡣ݶ̫࣬Ĳ룬ͻҲΡ
һ˯˼죬ֱ˯öˣ
۾ĵһͷҪةϵ̸̸ȥˡ鷿ڳ¶Ի
˵Ҫȥ
ǵģ֮ǰұ̹һЩ顣ǵةࡣ
˺ܾȡ£֪˴ˣǺҲѾǶ棬֪᲻ԸһˣǣģһᰲŸֱǵġ
Ҳǵ¡
ڹٳһҪܱ¼װֻ֪ȸ㣬סҺͶѣʵ˵Ҳ¡ʲôҲġ
ס
ҳȥһķһȥģҴӦҪȥ
ɣͰѵ⣿
߲㶮ġ
࣬׼γСѾȥ֪ͨķˣ֪ķʲôӦأ
ķһ£ܸˣô꣬һγԶš
򵥵ʰ˰Լ·ʰԼķˡ
Ѿͨ˵ķȥүˡһᡣ
ãķ˾ˡķˣһ뿪
һڣķ˸еޱȵɡ֪ܸˣķˣҲرˡ
⣬ԼԽԽԶˣǰһŵǲһĨЦݡ
ķ˸ԼӴԺûʲôõĵġ
ķ˺Ҳ˷ܵؿŴ⡣Ц˰Ǳõķˣʲôܺ氡
ķ˵ǰฮÿһӣȻʳǣȴ죬˵ǲǷˣ
ǱףŴŮӣûȥĻ磬ֻڼӡĵ£峣ûһԼ
һһΪ๫Ů˿ûԼഺ˼ͥ
ߵЦݣ֪ԼǶȻٰǸط
Сַˡ
عķЦЦףѵûҪþˡ
ķ˵ҴС֪㶮£ѾҾͷˡ
ķ˵ףԺһԱ££òã
ķҲץð׾͵һء
Ľ֣ҲҵףҲŴһһû˿Դŵĵطֻǡ˵գԭ˵س֪뵽Ĵ˵˸ģǲԵԼЩԥûü䣬ķ˾Ͱе˵˳
أ
鲻Խȥˣǵġ
զ䣿ԼҲķ˰
׶£ͰˣҸϳţСȣûˡ
񿴵£ģ㰲οȥ飬ǹȥˣ˺飬ҶãҪԸĻǿԽƣҵױס
ԭͷᣬ㻰̧ͷֿķˡ
ķЦҪǴӦĻҪˣԺҲҪС㣬нɡ
־ϲܳķ˵ķ˸˽кã㣬Цãҵĺá
ڳֻһ˲䣬ϵ췭ظһãķ˶һŮ˶ףһ¡뵽ԼȻһףһ㣬ոյĳʹظоЩҲķ˸ˡ
ķۿɫЪϢ
е㺦µɫٲҼջǲҪ¶ްɣ
񿴵֪ں˼룬ǰ˵ɽϵģǰŴŵģջأһҪʲôϻĻǸˡ
ԭͺ£һ뵽书Ҳ׳˵㲻ҪңϻҲ㣬֪书ǿ᲻
ķ˵Цæǫ˵Цˣ书ٸǿͻ
ԭϣ书ϣ˵Щ£򶼲ɣ㣬γûн˰б𣿡
ķ˻Цϧһﻹõ
ҡҡͷ
ԼοԼҲһ˵ɽϻ
Цǰ찡һһڴ˵رϻҧأϡ٣ģʲôûУ
ԽÿֲĪҪˡ
ķ˰뻳أѵûпһҲҪϻ϶ǵһĵģǰЦ
ɫɽϻǺ˵Ҷأ
ķ˵ҪŻˡ
ôСЦˣˣǶãɽϺܶ˹ģôܻϻ˵գȻһ
˶һסͣɣ˵ϻϻɣ
˵ĵǱˣ㰲οϣĪҪģǲϻ
ķ·ϲ˵񣺡˵˭
ףǺĻרűȫģ˴γȫǲµġ
˴ķ˻˳ļٵģС㣬ôǰҪ֪˱ʲôߣҲ¡
ˡ
뵽ߵı飬ʱߵʱ˴ˣȻˡԺҲûиһȥߡ
ЦףϴһߣȥҲ߸ɱˣߺԩ˱ͲĴ
ǿʶ˭˰˾Ĳˡ
ЦԼȥİɣǹԹԵģһ㶼û߳Ǹӡ
ķ˵Ļ۸ҡķıķ˶ˡ
ӣ϶͵֣ķҲҪ
˿Цķһֻ֣Сðشܽķ˵Ļ
ķ˻Сôˣôϲ˼һ꣬
Ҳ˵˼ңǼҡ
ԳԵЦˣղǲ͵ЦΪม
ӲţûС
ķ˴ȰЦˣ˱ˣǸϿɡ
ķ˻һж˴ˣеطס޵ġ
ķ˵Ǿͺˣ£ҷġ
ѧķ£ҷġ
ķ˺ֺЦһۣѾͷԽ֪ߵغѽ






20¾С˯

˵˲Զ㵽һҿջ۳Ͷ٣Щˡ
˳ӣҲȥˡ
㶩˼䷿䣿
һ䷿䡣˿˵ôඩһ䣿
СֻˣΪ䲻
ļ򣺡ɵ㲻Ҫ˯˵Ц
С㣬Ҫֵҹࡱ
Ц£ͺú˯ɣȻôǣϵģĽҰģӦûʲô£һһŰɡ
æﲻҡ
Цʲôҵģ˵һԾһԣҪ񣬶Լˡ
˹ȥųסˡķһ𲢼Ž˿ջ
ķоճճģЩסջϴĵط
﹧˵ˣҪȥţԵȡ
ǶҪϴ裬׼˰ɡ
ӦһǡһʺǵңǵϵѾõ䷿䡣
ҲǸǰ
Ѿ͵̸áÿһһ䡣Ҫһ䣬ֻס¡֪ӵƢ
ķ˵ǸԻطȥϴ裬£Ҳȥúһ°ɣͲÿˡ
Ӧǡϲϲϴȥˡķ˶һ·Ҳûд̫Ǯ̫ҷǮˣǿһ𼷼ġ
ЦײΪǮģ´ģЩǲĵģͰĵȥϴϴһٺúõһ͡
ķ˱ƽ˷䣬ķ˸˵عšԼ䡣
ⷿԼҵȣʮǧ棬Ȼһ·ջˡ
Ѿ׼ϴˮΧоһ󣬱·ʼϴˡ
ϴˮﻹл˵˼ԭЩ۵һˮˮţȻƣˮȥˮš
ݾˣ϶СˣƤҪȥһˣ·
·ɣͣʵϺϴױ̨һᣬͷ
žеգһ֪ԼġеԼ΢΢Цӷˡ
¥ϿȥͿѾڵˡӭ¥ݶ£Цˣ΢¶Σôڵ֪ǵ˶á
ڿķ˵λ㿴ˣôˣ
ķ˵ãҶˣһᡱ
ЦݣˡȻֿһϲ˰ɡ
֣һĲ˾Ͷ˼ؿôḻĲɫķҲ̫װˡֻЦ
Ȼ⣬һҪԵȻҲˣҽĲҲرడû취Ѿϰ˴ģԶЩûиˡ
ӣ˷ܵҶɣ̲סҪʼѽ
˵գӼ˲˷
ҲʼسһмˣȷʵеˡĬĬسԷҲû
һ¿ӵٶȽ
ط˿ӵҳԵúñม
תͷķ˵Ե㡣
ķЦЦҲԵúܱˡ
ϻʣôˣ̫˷ˣôˣǶԵ㰡ǿԽеƣСһ¡
ķ˵ʲôȲˣҪȾͺȰɡ
⣬ҪСĵ㣬ͲȾˣСҪȱԼһ˺Ȱա
¿ȤǶȣһ˺ʲô˼
Ը˰ѷ˳ˡ
극ȥǰա
ķ˿˿ںᣬһò˵Ĺ⾰ȴˣںϣҪ֮ĶͲˡ
ָָݶȥݶϿǣòˡ
ûеķشȱȥˣȻķˡ
ûб˱סɵľ̼ˡ
Ҳȥˣݶζšȥ鿴Ķ
ǵ㣬䣬ȴҲյôһƬ⡣Ĵȥ
ҫ£ϡΧ֡Χֻһҿջ
̧ͷȥǶԼͷԼôֿɵã鲻ԽȥϣԼӵһƬǹ⡣
Ŀտգֻе¹⣬Ը䷳ͣ
Ȼķижʱ򣬴ûоҲô
ǰСʱĸҲһǰʱĸ׾ͻ˵ֻϵǲġ
˵ÿҹǵǹʱǾ㡣
Ȼÿ춼䣬ÿֻÿ춼ڶ࣬ȴ֪ҹķѾǽյķǣҹǹѾǽյǹ⡣
Դ˲㣬ǵ˲ǿԶֻЩе˲һֱҪ㡣
ķ˵ҹɫգСƣȷʵ
ķ˵Լͣ˾ȵؿ
ղŲ˵ȲôҪȾˣ
󱳵ãȥþ
ʹȥþƴҵıֱˡ
һֻʵؽˡȥǵҪһСƣСӡ
һȥķ˽ӹԹôС
Ƿ򳪸Ҳŵǰһڡ
ǵƵƾҪССڵغȣŻиоģǾͺúõɡ
˿ڵҹ㣬Īҹ
ķҲŵ߰˺ڵģ
˾רŸһ˹ȥģ˵
˹Цҵ˼ǰٵһЩʱ򣬾
ķЦʵҲ˵ö¹ǹ㣬ҹպƬֵ˵Ҳˣ˵Ķ԰ɣ
ķ۾һգһգؿ
ĺǺЦǰǰ˵Ķԡ
ָ˾ƣЦôǷ򳪸氡ҿҪԴร
Ǻǵ㰡ֻоƣԾƴףȼ㡱
ķ˵һһ
˱ӣ͸ˡ˿ľƣкöࡣٿǱӣС˵㡣⣬ٺȵҲǺ¡С
ٺȾƣͨ죬˺ƻ񿩿Ц
ķָ˵Ǻȶô죿
ţԼžЩ̣ٿƱôСȻҲˣܡ
ССһӣҲ͹ңô
ķ˵ȾƣԺˡ
һӣЦʲҲ˵ˣСƱӣôĶ
ķ˵һۣˣöſˡ
һöˣæֱ壬Ҳûſˣֻ̫ˣһȾͻġ
ˣˣԺҼˣմƾˣԺҪİԿǧҼסˡ
ҲͷΣͷأֲСܰˣֻµ´´
ſķϣѾѾƷһˡķظ̫Ѩ
ķȿڵ˵ڱһ·ʤսźܿͿƽսˡ
õ飬Ҳ˵ˡΪӣʲôȱ㣬Щ֮С
ķ˼ûпڣ̽ϰָӣǲ
ķ˵ǣҲñ˵飬֮ԼԼһʱ䡣ǷĹ˭֪أܴ꣬
еġָ飬ûоͬ⣬Ȼﲻرų⡣Ҳбˡ
ЦˣûУֻСˡ
ķ˵ҲСˣ꣬ͼˡ
һжԵɣνǿôһһ죬оƽʮ֮˾ţֺα֮ԼأֻúöԴҪȻĺˡ
ķЦҾ̫Եˣʱʲôץס㿴ǹȴʱ䳤ˣŮӻҪһյĹ޵ġ
ͷҼסˣʱһҲŮ㰡Ǽ˰ɰӡ
ķͷᶺҡ
ǹɣֻӰơ˿գѾˡ
ȥֲķˡ˰ٺˣŸȥ˯ˡ
ڴϣⴲʮֵӲշת಻ߣ򿪴档õգῴ־÷ˣɻȥĵѾˣٲ˯
Ȼⴲʵ̫Ӳˣôܸฮȣ˯齣һʱ֮Ӧ㡣
շת࣬෬Ҳ˯ţÿ֨֨ͣڵҲǲͣķҲ˯š
һ߻޵ò˯ȥ






21

һҹΣǺ˯һ⣬˯Ȼѣ;羰
Ѿ׼óԵģ꣬ǵǰǵʲôط
³ǵ³ǵ÷Χڡ
ķ˵֪ʲôģ
˼˵ȣӣ°׳ǡҪûȥ֮һûеǡ
︽͵ǰҲ˵
¶ڴ֪Ǻʲôѵһɽ°׳֣֮־Ѿвȥĵ¾ôǵͺúõذط档
ԷԵÿЩ޲˹ȥ
˳ͣʰð˿ջˡ
֮Уʱ΢紵΢΢
ߣɽƣС·΢ʯ⡣ż˱ǣҰҰϣʱҶһʱ侹ġ
͵һоʮˬķ˺Ҳǡ
Цŵ˺÷羰ߣҲؼ
ķ˵ﻨ˱ǣ
ǰţš
ӿڵ϶кܶ໨ԵˣҪԵҲǼõġ
˸ּһˬ˱óӷڿڱߴк񴵵û죬һʱ֮龹
ԭ겻
ƿճʱҫ
÷ѩû
ƿճʱ򣬿
ѩƮƮХХһƬã
һ÷ѩУֻΪƮ
Թ޻ڣ鳤ļ䡣
ĵɽȣÿһ˵һɺ顣ɵķ裬ǣ޹ҵķ衣׺ããѩƮƮǻҫÿһطǲƫԡÿһط
ܰ룬һ÷ѩСƺڼᶨ˵ʲôʱ죬ʱ飬ʱ׳ʲôն
ѵϲĵӣκʱš
˵ģƿճʱν꣬ν˪ǲһġ
ѩƮƮХХһƬãֻҪڣؾȻƮѩ
֮أʺߣҪҪȥҪܺʲôǣһжҪ룬ֻҪоڵģ;УҪһ·Ḷ́ĿĶѾҪˡ
ķ˵ǰֻҪڸ˾ͺ
ҪûĿ꣬ⲻͷӬײҲ̫ס
С˼ǳ棬ҪÿǵǴҪġ
Цſº˽ҡ
лС佱
һЩ·̣ǵķĽ⣬˵ǵҪߣڿɲܰţϳɡ
һͿ˳š
ջԱߡ
Ӵ棬ְǿͦٵġһͬ
˿ǰĿջдջ
ҿջҿջˡһ˱ȥ
ջС飬һʵ͹ۣҪ𣿡
˿ͦ˵ģĥŲ᲻ʵʣļϷ𣿡
СǸȻǸֻϷˡ
䣬ǰ·ɡתͷ˵һ䣬䣬ἷպá
СһӣСЦˡ
ķۣף𣿡
ķ˵һ·Ƕģ۰Ͳõˣ۲
˵ܹС棬Ȼ۰׶ۣôôأ
н㣬ССĶ಻
֪¶ǣ㡱
绹һʱ䣬Ϣһ£㾫񣬵ȥʲôģţǾ׼ȥ棬òã
˶˵áǶȥȥˡ³
ȷС˾ǣ
ȷ˵¡
ةǱʲôûУʵ
µһฮ˵СǴĸһߵģةҲͬġ
СҪȥ
ǶֻСҪȥߣรˣǴĸȥԭġ
ȥɡ
ǡ
ò˵뿪ΪѵڰûţһеļƻͶִˡ
һִǽϣָײѪźɫѪǸһ˶ϵʱˡ

³
ս쳣Ϊľ֮ŮҪˡ
ľ근ʮò绨黭ͨ˶ȢΪޡľݷͬѰľݸ߹϶ܹ֡ȢŮ³ǵĵλͻἱ
Ժܶ๫Ӷ־ڱصõ̬ȥǸ
̨Ѿɽ˺еŮģֵģ־ڱصõģʤ
˿ľԾױƣŮӺϡҲ˵ľھ˵ľڻʹһ赸Ѿڶ˶Ľģľñ֪ԼĶŶգϲȫǵ˶ֻ֪ľڵĲŮ
ľһˣʮʱ
ľÿ·³ǵĽתȦ˶ӡ̡
ڴ֮ǰѾ龩ǣ˲֪˲
˾ˡΪʲôľҪأ
˵ΪľϲƶľԱҪףһп⡣
˵ľѾ˼ĿеŮȥ
˵ν׶ֻһϷ룬ľС㲢ס
汾ǳ֮࣬߿ν֮Ҫ뵽ĿܣŻѪҲΪ֡
ڷ
ľľš
ҵѾŮΪμҪַʽַʽҲһʤġΪѡѡ书ܸǿһǺΣ
ǽȻҪŮҪģνһ
ľ٣ŮĿѾѡޡ
һѡһѡɾǲ˭ܲ
ľŭȻѡΪʲôܸߵҪʲôף
ľĵ֪֣ô㣿
ǿ㲻ùܡ
ʲôŮˣùܣ˭ܣ
ľ˼˵Ҫܾ͹ܣ㲻Ů
ľҲѿڶҾҪ
ľȥȥӣˣҲܵá
̨ɧľ͹ܼվڶ¥档
ľܼҶ˵׿ʼһ¹򡣡
յղͬһرǰ߷ɽеڶأڶرģʤߣС԰׸Ա黭ʫʸ踳һжС㶨ᡣ
һף
һ֣˭ҪľܼҵƮȺƮǵĶ
һǵһվ̨ϣľʱ۷⣬֪ãѾʾˣֻϧûǲǱʾҲϲأľĵš
ĸԽԽ
ľһ£̨ϵ˱㶼
ܶ๫ӿշ绨ѩҹеùĵ֣û¾ͱ߷ˣЩһϳͱ֫أǿ׳Ѫ
Щû书Ҳȥ򣬾קס˼ҵ·Щס˼ҵƨɣ߻˺ҧ
̨ϸӦоУñȿһ򶷱·ԡ
ܿ죬Щûʲô书һſ£ȻܲԸſˣٲſ£̫Բˡ
˱ٴſµʱľͣˡ̨ϵ˿Խеڶֱ
书ãɵع˵һء
վ̨ϵˣֻ˳е㲻˼⣬λÿʡ
ľܼҵԱԼ
ǣ褣·
ľܼҵһ
һϣԼƺġ
ڰ£˫һţʹָɳʱ߰ʱͳʱˮϸ塣
ǡӣߵһͶʴֵĹ¡
ڶǣǵǡԶ־Զ־ߵһԶ־ִﵽԼĿꡣʱΪʧܶͳʱΪɹϲʱе͵˵·ϵķ껹ԼԳɹš
񣬵ǡɽˮ
ĸ褵ǡ·һ¡
һغǵ£¼Ȼû˵ĺãҲͨˡ
ڶ
Ҳͨˣ
·ûֻͨʣǺ
ʫʸ踳ѡ
һ״£
춹Ϲ˼
֦Ҳ֪
˶ཿһҲƮ
Ժ쳾
Ҳһʫ£
ɽֶཿӢ۾
㾡ΪһЦ
ʫʵľС
òǲնǲֲ֮ʤ
ľã֪Ҫѡ˭
һ۾Ϳǡ
һҲǲġҪһŮ̶öð
ľתܼңҿɲ˶Ҫˣ
ܼһΪѣԹûġ
ľԹ˿֮ΪʲôŮӾͲԣ
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22ԩ

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븮棬һ˷ľȻȽҲǡٷԵñȽܰľûŮ
ľǾֹĶţΪ壬Ͷ֮ɢһɹɣԽԽϲˡ
Ժÿ춼ľľȥ档
һľȥ
ڶľȥҰ
ľȥ
ľȥ
վ޲⡣
ľ֮ŮҵԼɾвŮòʮֵǶԡ
ʫΪ֤Ի³ǲŮľ׵
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˵ľһľڸŮմû֦չҹҹ˽ǡһղ
ǿľϲԼʱҪľ̸̸
ľ鷿ͨԼŮˣǱ
һľͿżɽ
ľˣ档
ľ뽲
ľʵǵϵʮĵܣʮǰʧٵʮĻӡǵòˣ֪ȡľΡ
ľ󾪣ǵʧٵʮĻ㻹û
Ӧǡ
ľϸؿ˿Щˣ־ԼʮĻӣҪʲô
ʺһһҪʵ
ľɫ˼ǣ
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ľȻǲܺһˣҪ浱ϣһ
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ľǾԲᱳѻϵġ
Цˣ᣿űȨ֣֪㵱ж㷴ˣһֱةıȨء
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˵ȸǣľҪˣ֪ͨһ˵ˡ

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23º

ķˣڿջ﷢
˿ʮû飬㿴ҿ㡣ԭúõ鱻֮Ūң˾úɨˣ˶һˣͲܲˡ
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24ץ

ſڣСѾȥͨˡſԥҪҪȥ
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˿ľݣЦģľݲŲ˵ġ
˵ʲôģ
Ҳ֪ʲôģȥǱ߿ɡ
ǻȥɣһ˼ǣ಻ð
ķҲǰղǴ˵ҪΪǰء
ףһ仰Ƕˣ
ͬʱ˵ͷ
ε˵˵ǻȥɡ
ԭ·ء
صʱǷ˻û
ԱߵˣЩ˵ովͳԹˡ
ﾪȣȵôôͳԷˣ԰ʱͻ˵׼ͣû˰ţô¡
ķ˵ٳ԰ɣͼһ°ɡ
ǣ㣬ûгԷ˯һ϶˯ŵġ
ҲǣûйϵǽţŪóԵĸǳԡ
ģҾ֪а취ҾȺȽȥ
ЩƣףȽȥúϢŪ
ǽȥԺһ⣬ǾԼȥá
ǸֵЦݣԭ˼ЦкƾṦҲߣŲţҪΪͣǾͻˣʧมʩչṦҿҡ
ʱ
ܵվݶϣˣһССĺܽȥأ
Ҳ٣һССĺȣǳܶݵزɣŬջľͲţǳԹԵ
ٰʱ
ûҵȵĹѰ˼ٲҵԵģķ˾Ҫˣλǲиġ
߰߰ܰܰʣһˣ˷ţȥ
ۣǳ¶ϲɫ̫ˣҵˡ
һ֮
ʮ־ɥұ˳ȻʲôûУոձϴƵءҲ̫Ǹ˰ɡ
޵ҧгݣ޲ðˣȻһɥ顣
ϲ߳ȥٽһɣҴûоԭеҲζ
ϲػͷ
ӭ˹ȥ
ؿǷӡ漦ԽԽԽԽˡţһӵļ
Цû뵽ɣѳһɨҲûã⻹ôֻء
ܻܵô༦һһֻǡ
һֻɫȽļ룬ץֻȽϺá
ץһֻ
˳Ҳ֪ô뵽ƽʱǵӾëŪͿԿˡ
ץֻǵץסһᣬǼˡ
óĻţͰѼȥˡ
ҺûаѲҲˣȻҪȥǲǸң
ѻյģֻһ𿾡ۿǼëҲȫչˣֻʣһƤˡ
ƤҲسʻƻɫϲ̵Ӧÿˡ
ɨһ۳˿ûеϣֻвٶ
ǼѾһζϲ̵ζȰٹҲ̫ӢˣΪѳĶ˾ͿԶ𣿲ǻô༦һֻöֵģӦøݶ仰һ






25

񿾺˼úҶˣٿⱻŪĳˣûкúôȣҲͲˡ
Ṧȥ
صӵʱķ˻û˯ŶԵˡ
ķ˺ҲûмۿʱһһιȥˣȻǸΪģ֪ûгʲô⣬ֲȥңһֱڷţŵڷ
ķæӭȥôôðˡ
ǰǳʲô𣿡
ѿŵϣԼ˱˵㲻֪ȵĳжңòҵҵأֳַʲôûˣҾȥץֻŵûԿģ֤Ե㡣
ķ˵֣ȵ˴ôһٷŸǳԡ
ǰҶˡ
СĵذǿõкãȻķǰʼ԰ɣҶˡ
ֻͦġһʼֻӣͶˡ
һ󣬶Ӳôտյʱʼĵ㣬͵ļ᲻ᱻ
ķ˳ųҲʼˣһٹʼ׷ô죿
ŵĿǳԶˣѵ³ףİɣǲôġ
ҲԣǣܹܲԹԵ۸ɡ
ֻ𣿵ʱǾˣǲȣĴ֮ǱɽףǾܷİɣûµġ
ķ˵˵ϾǺȣ˵ĵطǵĲԡ
ٹԣȻôȥ£
һͷԵ˵úãٹֵֹģҲ͵ļǣ˵Ƕ֮
ʣ𣿡
һۣ˵Цأ⼦ҿĻó԰ɣһο
óԡ
óԾͶԵ㰡߿ֻรԲҪ͵͵ӵ
ķĶӵҳ˺ö࣬ˡ
ֻҺˣһҪŬؽ
ֽ˲͵ҲԱˡ
ǶˣҲͣˣǶˣҲԱˣͲˡѹͷʣµļŽһ
ճ꼦ȥ˯˶ġ
ķ˵ʲôʱȰ
ҲȰǶûйꡣ
һЦģҪ߰ٹҲߵġ
ˣҾںȶһˡ
ķ˵㰡ǰôûз㰮أ
˷ܵǰѾ˽ףҾǰ¶һԼ
һҰЩǾͿ˯ˡָЩͷ
ǹͷҪȥķ˲ĶǧҪСİ
ظһĵ
źתǰһδһһƿһǰһЩ˻ʬ𼣣һЩʲôá⻨ƿõͷǻ˳Ȼѹͷȷ£ٰѻֻȥ
ǧ򿴣ԭŷ뿪
Щºһˮĵطϴ֣µˡ
յתƵڻƮҹĺʵҲƯ
ÿ״е忴ƯԶԶؿһ
ֿգۣöǰղæŻʬ𼣣ûзôǡ
ȵҹƯ񲻽ǿճںҹֵĺȴ˿ԵʮȵڶģϢζ˻ζġ
һһжʲôأ
һͤ˵һѹô뿪ԼڵĵطһطµطϢζʹһ˵ʻ
һһطǹһôͻʣûвԽԽ᲻Ķ
ΪʵΪжеЩҪѰҡ
ɽ˶ཿڲͬĵطжͬˣЩжڱˣȻҲԼ
ÿÿһطҪҵǸطĶҵһĶ
ûȣô֪仹ôطӵطӵеĶ
Ϊ¾ǰСǰͨףǴӴԼﲻԸֱԼ︯á
Щеĵط㽵һʵʵظ˲ͬĵطǵϴŲͬطϢǵرøӿ㣬ԶҲûʲôǡ
գգ۾ǰôеˣνʹֵػţֻоʹĥŻоֵζÿһ˶뾭Ĺ̡
Եһʹʱ򣬲ҪΪеѹѧ
һ˱˵ʱ򣬲Ҫֹıˣֻ˹ŶҸ
ҲΪ·еѹ·ܵԩҪġϵÿһ˶ߣֶǳߣºΪ˺·飬Ҳ·һѵ¶Ҫۡ
ôĸأǳҲǱȻʧȥŮ֮ʹ˺Ʊػϧ˵顣
ʧõãʧʧòʧʲôأ
ȻʣȻжļĶȻˡǰһԭνգԼԼļԼˡ
ٴοǷǵҹգȻһЦݡ
ʱ˵㣬ʱ˵
˵ÿҹǵǹʱǾ㡣
Ȼÿ춼䣬ÿֻÿ춼ڶ࣬ȴ֪ҹķѾǽյķǣҹǹѾǽյǹ⡣
Դ˲㣬ǵ˲ǿԶֻЩе˲һֱҪ㡣
еģһЩΪ㣬㣬Ϊ㣬Ͳˡ
һЩѡ
ҪȥǿһЩ翵Ķ㡣νԶжԶһһԶ
Щ˵Զ±ӵĶ˭֪أ
ⱲӹܺþˡȻ뵽ãЩû뵽𣬴̫Եʡ
֪òãսʤڸأ
Ѿ˯û˯뵽
˵ԸһһֻȢһˣ֪ŵľס
ողŻȻˣ̾Ϣ񲻽ԼԴ
Ȼķ˺Լȥ˯أæˡ
ߵһպķˣӦǵóѰġ
ӭȥôԸأҸղľͤжһᣬ˻
ķ˿ĵҵģѰˡ
ַףԲ㵣ˣģؿ϶µģǻȥ˯ɡ
ķ˵˵ʲôԲҵΪŮ
úúãԺҾ㵣İ
˻ȥ
ڻˣҸղҪǲҸţţʲôصġ
ǽһ˯ɣиӦȽϺá
ķͬ⡣㴵˵ƣһ˴
һʹ˾ȵĺ






26ľͤ

³ǻصмա
ƻʱںȲ䣬һС˽ٹȿλҪڹڽһ֪Σ
ǰֻҪҪ󣬶Ҳþ;ܾˣȻȴʹСˣλʲô
һڣͺˣʲôܾͨͨˣǻһֲջֻ˵СûʣλӦòѰˣһò绨ǣֹţӦǧС㡣
ò绨˸˺ģʵ𣿡ֻȷԼǷ⼸ۣû뵽ȴŵò֪룬˻Сټˣٹ𷣡
ôôǣ֪ݶΣò绨ãǱûĻҪһˣô꣬δûƯŮˣѹͲ˵ġ
ǾһʣݶΣ
СһӾ͵ͷ΢΢üôˣѵݶߵʵ˵
С˵Ҿʵʵ˵ˣٹɲҪม
ͷػصֲǲ֮ͨˣ㵫˵޷
С˵ʺò˵λʤһ
С˵ǹӦеɫˣȻΪ仹бûҪ˶ԼԼغ棬С˵ǽɡ
ҪǸݶˣҵȣ˻ûȵòͷˡ
Ǻȵٹû˸ôȻôá
ҲΪԵʣҲ˵ԭʹ͵͵ȥŮӡ
Ṧӭɽһ·϶ûơŮôţ
˹нޣȴٳٲʱȴһ˵תɾҲ˰
ɾʲôطҲף仰һӾƽˣȻһ˲䣬ƺﾲֹ
ֱԼ۾
ϣ۾·ȻԵõӣ΢΢ȻȻ΢ЦԾһ˫۾Ȼڿ棬Ȼ֪˫۾ģ鶯ġ
Ȼ̧ͷ˿Ϧһ̣׿ա
С˵ˣݶ޷ȵġɽɢʣñ˸оﶼ޷ȡ
ݶֻһǣȴûꡣȴӵȫ
úһò
Ȼ˵ķ羰ҲֻԶۣɽ
ϲϲġ
Ļϴߡν˵ľˣ㳣סڴ˵أͲˣżȻԶġ
ԼԼЩʧ
ҲлصϣñĿֻ˵ЦЦ֪ΪоŮȥǵסޡ
֪ΪΣһֳ嶯Ҫͷֲʲôʽ˳䣬Ȼ뵽һ취ûзԣô죿
Ů˳أ극ȥǷݶš
ȴЩŭ治ףĺȣȴҪݶϡȴ֪ȥˡ
ãſǻ
˵а취ŪԵġ˳ĶˣſյóЦЩ֪νأǳʲô
ڳãȴûпţòҲɣ
öûеȵѰ˼ѵҵԵˣܣһҳԵĶҵ
ʵҲίҵã·ˡ
ҵȵȵҪߵʱڳˣֻ쳣˷ܣҵƵءݶЦ⣬ôյĳôģġʧ
Ȼ
ҧЦʹݶˤ
ȻͻȻһֻĽӳȥȵؿ
ŭ𣬼ˡǼ治ƫУƫе
߽˹ؼĵطȻץֻ
һʼڳ˻뿾Ȼӣֻʱ뵽òֱӻſɣ뵽Ǽһ߿һ߹ϹϵؽиͣʱЦҲЦֻñţˡ
ûпеһĻֻֻ˺ܾãõҪɣǼǲҪԡ
ؿżӣǼѾһζζƮݶĪ̿ˮϲ̵ζȰٹҲ̫ӢˣΪѳĶ˾ͿԶ𣿲ǻô༦һֻöֵģӦø
ĵŲҪֻҪͽ롣
ȻҪĻôܹȫأ
Ṧ뿪ҲṦ뿪
ڻȥԺ뵽˯ţͿŪһƿ
룬Ÿףԭڻʬ𼣡
һľͤãǿǣ̾ġ
ĪЩۡ
ճյؿǣʧӶ룬Ҳһˡ
Ǹ˶ӦúҪ
뵽ˣ뵽Ѿˣؿںö¡
ֻˣվͲӦüġ
ϡòģֻ˼˶롣ľͤ۾ڷͼҪ룬Ǻô޷͸
̫ˡ
ϣԺȵϲ֮顣ϲЩٲϲĺϲǻ㡣
֪ûаͣȥȥץһõӦ֡·һоӦô
ҹľͤУһֵЦҹ¿Ƿ
ŮӣȲҪ˽
һص֮ˣȻ磬ܾж
ǱߣԶԶؿ
Ӧʫ⾳㿴գճΪķ羰ҿ㣬ȴΪҵķ羰
ȻԼԴЩɻּȥȥߵľͤС
׸Ȼײͷ
ľͤû̾¶
㿴ǽɽ
һһֻ
ް˪Ⱦ촰ǧ
ǣ
㿴ǽἸ
ֻһȴ͸
ض˭ֹ֪
ϸƮӰ
~~㿴ˮдһ
춹Ϲ˼
֦Ҳ֪
˶ཿȴ
һҲƮ

ѶϻĺȻ״
һЦȺ쳾Ʈ
볾ȥһ
ľͤж
һӡ
ÿһ˶صôﶬ
Ϊеϧľͤǵĵط
֪మһԵһ
˸ǰٰȻŪˡ
һ񲡶ȥ׵Ӵ˸ױԸһˡ
ûмףǼΪˣͻݡ
Դĸȥ֮󣬵ͳľͤжԷ
ÿÿį飬̲סȰһ˹Ȼȴǲϣľͤ˼
һľͤ뿪ˡҹˡ






27Ư


˭˵˯Ժģ
ķڽҪ۾ķڿ
Եףô磬ʲô
ķ˿˿ղһֱڽǣӦҪˣˣɡ
˿䣬ⷿôԼķ䲻һรԭںȣȻҪġ
ķѾ·ȥţȻѾ⣬ǵˮķףϴ
ź𴲰ɡλѾߵ
ķ˵ɡ
񿴵˽ˣϽˣѾͷˡ
ױ̨ǰϰԵذʼͷͷǻ˯֪˶ãˡ
۾еԼʹգ۾Ц㣬ȥϴˡ
ϴˣѾ߾˳ȥѾߣδˡ
֮ġķ΢΢
ȵٹôˣ
꣬ķʢһǾͳԣҪô
ͣӷſھȻһѾߡʵʣԴڹתת𣿡
Ѿ߻شٹǷԸڹתתģǸ߰ɡ
ķˣ֪«ʲôҩһһȵģĥ͸
ǰȥѾЦʲô֣
ѾߵлоҶо
оʲô
оıƯˡ
ƯҲƯ̺ǲ񷤵ģ
оһˣҲ֪ƯܺģҪ׼һ·ˡ
µģҪȥˣôȣʪ·
оȵ磿ô죿ٹ⼸춼ǡ
񲻺˼ĺ⣬͵ңҲڴ˵ض̫õġ
оʧٹ˵ǧҪþˣǲһ磬ôˣ
ķ˶ţҲǺܾȣٹ˵
ллٹĺˡ
о쵽Ǳߣķ˿ʵƯǷ棿
о˵ͷˮǼúܡ
оЦ˵ԽԽأˮҪǼ͸оء
Ϲȣǻ㣬ǺҶƯ֪˻ʲôƯǰȴûܺӡ
оǰ·ںš
ķ˿ߵͬٲӸߴɷƣҪƯҲٲĻ̫Σգ
ˮ̫̫յĻͲҪȥˡ
ַطţģһӾʹҲˮҲΣյģѵһΣʹʹƯôԵһ
оȰˣ㲻Ҫ̫ģǿˮĻȵġ
ķ˲ûм֡ҲҪȥԡ
оð⣬ûƯ൱ûȣλɾˣ׼·ġ
Сݣ֮£Ҳеġٲָߵ˾Ͳ¿Ȼľȴһ羰
ǻе֣ûм֪ʲôƷ֡ζȴʹ˾쳣
ʵоĻʲô֣ζ
оԺٹоĻ֣˻ʹ˾þ񱶼ӡ
ȻԻоʱû뵽ȻһôˣоҲ
ķ˵ԭˣԴ⻨֮󣬾͸Ӿˡ
ֻô𣿡ɽĺΧǻת
оҲֻ֪ҪСʱЩͻɹȥٹ˵Сϴرζ
˵֪Сʲôӣ
Ҳߵɽʱ俴ˣ÷ǳƯо˵ʱкö衣
ţô棿
ȷʵˡ
СƵʮֺ˶δۡǰһľͤľͤվһᣬľͤ¿һ羰νͬǶȲͬ㣬оһȻĶͬһ羰
ľľͤˣôľͤΪ𣿻ΪЪϢõģ
ȻľͤЩ࣬ÿһľͤܿķ羰Ƕһ޶ֻǸʺǸ羰ߵӽǺܹץסÿһ
Աߴڶ֮࣬أ죬ˬ
ķ˵ôҶˡ
ôȣȴˬ֮һõط
뵽ٹһӺСҲǱ̾ʮ˰ѹٹٹöôƯ
ǻо˿Ц
棺оЦʲôѽ
ҲоüĿ㣬Ҳʮ鶯˵ĺȵ˶ôˮģ
ֻоЦ˵ٹƯ⻰Ҫٹ϶ҪġʵҲΪģٹ˵ǿϧŮˣҪŮ˵ĻݶСһ
о˵ƺ̫Ҳٹӣ̽о˵ٹҪҪ㣿
оٹʵܺõģһ㶼ˣûзֵô
ƲƲͲţܹ˵˵Ӧòְ̫ҲǴ֮ˡ
ƬԽԽˣоĽŲӿһЩ񿴵ӿˮʱͻˮԵ
ԽԽŨЩҲԽԽ
ȥĺƯ
оǴƯԴͷϣԴͷ¿ȻǺܶͣǵС˻ǲ
죬ˮλȽϸߣʺƯˮӿڿнˮ
ѾǱһ׼ֻϳ
оҿһֱˮʮȸԾȰɡ
ͷĻоҪɱϰоķԸ񷤣оһƣͱ񷤴ֱǰȥ
һֱ³ĸоķǳãܴĳֻоһɺǿǰȥˮϣ·ϡ񷤵ʹǰˮӿоԼһֻͧˮΡһ·ϵƯͣƯʱԶҲҪоͷˮĸоΧ񷤣ǰ涼£ˮһֱġ
ԭºȻʧ룬ò͵°ɣţ߳ȥ֪ô
ǸʱſԭһСϪ
񷤴ǸߵСϪоԼڿзԾĸоȻָоûάֶã޴ˮ
СϪϽ޴ˮ·ȫʪˣˮԭͦģؿڡ
ѹִôߵĵطˤˡ
ôϰˮӾӾʵһܺõѡ񣬶Ҳò˵СϪǳɾˮ˵ĸоǳá
ˮ˼Ȧε˰ߣ̽ͷ
ۣһô
˿ĴڡֻµҪҪ
תȥ
ԹԵתȥŴˮӹе·ϡ
ˡ
תˣ߱˵Ҵȥ·ɡ
ǰȥҲԡ
һһǰͣ˵Ѿ׼ǵ·ˣȥʪ·ɡ
˿΢΢תӣĴмлٹˡ
߽ӣȻ·׼ţһɫĴϡԼͷ
ʱߣôûСϪһûˡ
ƺ뷨ûеˮˡ
ûˮôӦûˣ˵ǿ϶ڵңҪȥˡ






28

ֻϡĻش𣺡Ҹһȥɡ
Թ˵ǰˣҲȥһʱ䲢ߣĬĬ
񼸷뿪ڣ˻ȥ˰ɣԺҲټˣ˵档
ͻȻ䣬ĵؿڵ˵ǹܼʦ˵ֻ
û뵽ô֪ͨˣֻڨڨ˵ҲܵĵطȥˣʦҲˡһڣͺˣǼܵĶ
ٹôôС¶Ҫİ˰
Ц⣬ȷʵܵĵطˣ˿Ķӣֿǰ˵˵ԣҲǼȷʵܵطȥˡ
϶Ǳĵģת˻ٹо棬ллٹˡ
΢΢˳ǣȻĽȻÿʧˡ
΢΢طһǸͣڴҾ˵Բġ
ǴҪνصûйϵôóȻѾǶðˣĸһҪ̫ࡣ
ͲͣӦǹģѹڴϣʲô˶ˡ
ĵʵǹûòˣ½綨ϡ
͵
װ˼ؾЦСŮӾͲˡ˵գظһ
ԡ
˸¡Ͽʱȿڵǿǿˣˣ
ôֱӣŮ⣬ĸʣŮҲ˵οôһˣ
СŮѾлԼˡ
ԵƺΪǹϲˣ
ô˵˲õٹ⣬СŮӲش𣬵СŮӺ棬֪ٹ￴СŮӲϲСŮӵδ๫
ЦղֻǿЦϣﲻҪϣ֪֣֪ܷأ
ɫ΢΢һЩС㼴ɡ
Сˣ
³ˡ
룬һ²ЦСòةฮİɣ
죬һӾͲˣɼԾǺϤ
治ɫЦٹǵˣԾҲϤ
Ц뾩ǽҾȥǾûмС㡣
ЦǾˣȴ棬㵱ȻϻشСŮӴţٹûҲпԭ
￴˿ŵ˻˵ฮѾλСˣ֪ĸŮ
ٹأ˭
𣺡
е㾪ȣ
ЦôСҲ˵ң
ͷյʱ˵Ҳȥľ֮Ůľ׻ϣҵһҲȥμˣԶš
ǣ
֪Ϊʶƺ֣˵ҲǸʶǲãҶѣأӦȢľ˰ɣڵóԸˡ
ﲻ֪￴ǺʲôϵƵأʵƺһѵĹϵ
Ц˵֮ȷʵһѹϵ
ĵ˵㡣
ĻӣǱȻģδͬǰ
ҪȢľôôˣҪˣôô˰
ѿڶҺθɣ
ﲻףող˵вһѹϵ𣿡
Ȼæ͵еֹϵҺ֮䲻һ˵ģ˵֮˵
˺ǺǵЦ
뵽Ҳһȥμױʵٹûźɣ
һ㶣ûľһ㶼ûоźֻǶǸȤȻ룬ѹûȢľ
û뵽ôһʣЦЦ̸ϣ֮ң
ҲΪͬǰԵǧᣬԵ治ʶ
˿ǰ棬ķ˶Ǳߣҡҡ֣˵֪͵ˡ
뵽ҹȻվסеεٹһ㡱
￴鲻Ȼ֪Ҫ˵ʲôɻؿڣ˵ɡ
񿿽䣬ĵ˵ʵϰҰǵֻˣҲҵĴɣ˭ǼҴǸͲأ㲻Ұɡ
һʼΪҪʲôص飬ԽԽЦӲرЦԭǸ顣
˵ˣ͵͵ɫͨģֲ֪ʲô
Ȼֻ˵ʵ֪ɵġ
һ֪ˣٿЦͨ죬ԭǱġ֪˸ղŻ˵ԭղŶǲţ뿴Ц
εصҪЦ⡣
תͷȥ޲Ҹض˽ȥԽԽ죬Ȼܵá
ôôð
ķ˿˿ûзˣֻôȥôã
Ը˵ҪȥƯųûˮ㰡õȣΪҪء
˼˼һˣǰûƯ
һۣ㿪ʼ˵ոƯȷʵú棬û棬̫ϧˣһ·ȥҶû£оܴ̼
˵ֱԼղôûкȥڵóӶˡ
оٹҲˣãĶ֪ˡ
ʵʲô飿
ȥü顣
תͷɣô֪ģ
ƲƲͣӦǹܼ˵İɡ
ȻòҪץǡԴϵ뵽ȥˣ˵ǴͲˣҪǳԴ͡
ɵ⿿𣿡
ЦȻõٹֲСôһͷ᲻ð
ߵķǰĸá
ķ˿ôòҲ΢ЦӦٹá
Ѿ׼˷ˣ벮ĸƼݵˮ鿾Сۡ
ķ˿˿񣬼˵ͷصǾͶлٹˡ
ӭ·ȥʱ㵽˵ˮ鿾ӡ
ˮ鿾ˮԣܶˮˮĺɻá
һٷԵúܰ
βʱԵлٹ˿ǣΪ²ܵǵһ¾Ҫˡ
ķ˵ǰﻹһǣԺܱǸٹ
Ҳֻõô˵νԵǧᣬⶼԵ֣ǼȻ£ôҾͲǿˡ
иС˳ˡ
˵ȥҲȥ
һԵʮ书ԶԶؿоʮϤ߽˿ŷԭ󺰵
ͣ˴Ҳס֣Ⱥ߳ǰվС㡣
ôˣ
͵ΪС⣬ԸЩ˲ҽҾʹˡ
￴ģ
ǸεԲ𰡣ҲҲġ˹ȣɶ෬㣬ԭ¡
޷
С㣬ǻȥաȻߵѾŪ·飬ǸҲڻ·ϡ
˵ͷתͷҵм£Ͳڹ϶ݷá
롣
оɽ
Ѿ˳һ·˻ȥ






29


Ѿ֪
ﵱڳºݶһ磬ǵĶԻָ˵٣֪ԭ˾ǶμҵĹܼҡ
ܼͨº˽ͨȴͬҪıǶμҵĲƲºݺ·͸˽ͨöμҽ·˳ȥ
˱ǳºҿͲǺˣԭܼ˽ͨ
Ϳ飬Ҳ͵ˡķ˵·飬лϳμңڲ
Щ˸еŮడ檣֮Ҷѹֽ˵ҪһֻȢһˡ
ӣֿʼˣӦᣬʱ䣬ʵֻǳ嶯˵ڣ˳Ȼͺãʱô
ķ˵֪ôˡ
֮϶ռңʱ䣬ո
ôԺ飬Ц˵ģƵء
Ц˵Ӱսʤ㻹ôˣ
϶Ըģ˵ˣ
ЦˣӲ϶ܹӵģ˵Ҫиϣ㻹۵Ƶġ
ѽѽһѾͷ˵ʲôأ
ķҲǻǧ˵Ӽһµġ
˼ҿЦֻǼ
ķ˵ЦҲҿԺɲ˵ˡӦǡ
ȴĻըһ˺ܴĲǵֻǰֵúˣҲû⣬Ǳ˼ͰԶ˵
ˣ㿪ʼˣ֪ĵ
Щ֣ٿ񣬼ɫӣʶԼĻ˼ˣ㰲ο㣬ֻһ˵㲻Ҫ
ĵǣû£ֻͻȻˡ
𣺡Ҳã˵ʲôĻ
չյ㲻ҪԼӹţôɵķݣ˰
ôΪ
˵ͷС͸ߣͬãҲѹ
Լ˹ʱŵص˿ջȥ·顣
·˿ڷ棬·鿴˻ˣվߡ
˵๫үҪظˣ֪ô
·ȻЩȣϲɫİˣȻǷǳڴɻȥ˵ࡣ
һ裬оЩ;·ʵڸɿʣ·ɫˣ֪๫᲻أ
·ŵģһҵģôమزỳҡ
ķ˵˱ãϣԲ
Ѿ⣬ҾͻѺ
·飬һĵ񣺡ȴǼү죬ȥμ˵ࡣ
·ȥ
飬ǧ򲻿ɣ³ºȻ㲻
ǡ
Ļ飬С㣬Сһġ
ѾͷѾͷôֽС
侲ص飬ҿǳº첻ʡ͵ĵƣȥ֣һû壿
·ֻõ˵ͷԸ˿øɡ
Ӧǡ
صԼϢˡ
Ÿ²ãţ˷䣬ʣʲô£
Ÿɻؽӹţ˿˵ģһаá
ٿ˿áԭٿһ飬ȼ֣ȴд
պˣ˭ģ
С˵øһҪ͸ģдʲô
Цúۣӵ˵һаãġ
ҲЦˣ˵ž顣
仰ˣ֪ΪΣֻÿ
ɻӦò֪ڴ˵أò˸Ұɣ
ɡ˵ʹǸ㣬ҲΪ밡
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æ㣬ǵ㡣
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ԽԽŰϡ
㲻˵ҪõķҲ˵ˣҪſ̬Ȼô࣬ǧ˿ͻ˿˿ʹģ顣
һ۱̾˵ɣҪôס
ַ̫Ѩ࣬оһһ˵еλ
С
ԺǰͳС㣬˺ͳ㣬ô
û㡣
СҾ͸ڽߣԼãδǵ˽ȴףϲŭ֣ûзйǲˣһʼһΪǺƢֱһҿһһŶˤǴãһֱʱףҲƢģֻǶһһطҶйˡ
˲֪˵ʲôʱ飬ҲпֻܷԼˣͷ
϶ǾͰһЩϣһνˣȥЩ۸˵Ķץһ٣ʱҼЩԱĪģǺ͸۸ˡԴӳڽǰԺ󣬽;Ҿ֪ǲһġ
˲һʲô߼
ҡҡͷ㲻˵Щ˵ΪǶ˶ԴҪúõرǣԼʹҲֻţ϶˵Ȼǰһѵˣϲŭ֣ˣǰ㶼ûй˼ɡ
ġֻǾǶҵ˰㣬ǶûʲôȻǵˣ˾һƦôܲأҪͻ飬ƫҪ˵˲޸ƫҵĻ˻
һٷӽ٣һ㵯ˣٷģһһط㣬㵯ֲٷǰҾͿܵ鷿ٷӻúܳӣٷӿǸЦõĵģ˵ʲô
Щ˵ʲô
Ц˵ѧٷӵѾͷôӣϷĻôҪǴ˳ȥϷͲҪˡ
˹Цôң֪ҾҪǷڳſϣϿ˿϶ܿģҲͻȫ书ˡ
Ǹϻдһء
Ѿˣǻʱʱ򻭵ģдʲô
ٷͺͷ䣬ʮˡ
һЦϷӿ˵ʱʲô鰡
Ϸӿֵʱ۾ģǰֺЦˡ
ʱӱǵһЦ






30¾

ͣЦôȥˣȻǵô顣̾´Ҵңһ㱣͹ôꡣ
Ҫ̫Ѩ˰֣ˣôһ˵ﳩˣҶǲ飬㶼ǵôԿð
ǰ㣬ﶼ飬ΪôͲҪ˰ɡ
ЦûйֻǾñһ˫۾òˡ
ҲЦˣͺˣ㿪ģҲܿġ
һԼܸжлл㣬ôһֱչҺ˵ǻ˵ˡ
Ҹ磺˵ллңװ㣬ٰǻңÿÿ뵽֪αĶ飬ֻиŬչ˽㡣ǰ㻰Ҳ࣬ÿնæҴ㣬̸˵տҲʲôӶˣֻðˡ
ůģ˵ʲôأӽԺҪʲô;ܶ˵ɲҪม
ĵӦǡ̸֪ĵĻ

һɻ
λϡ
͵ˣ
ϣѾ͵ˡ
һææܽڣҾʮס
ûӻ֣̽ٱ
ű߽սûϮѾƽ˴󲿷ֵֻк
Դտʼһߣ֪
ôս⣬֪ûϢ
ʵҲףһ֪ϢֻԼǵģᵣԼİΣǰȥš
÷Ҿʽжʮڵƽԭû赲
Ϊ˸ôսԼҲúõоŵεơȻԼƽԭԱ߻ɽ
˵ǰ50ס˼λս¡
ȻڣǾͱ뻯ΪҴվͽɱƬײ
ξȻ󽫾ô˵Ȼ뵽ˡ
ָоɳ̵㿴Ǻڴ˵أҾвһľ룬ȻѾ׼ýˣÿн50ײǴ̽ǣ䱻رξȥѰʯĸˣʯ˵ȻԶǺܺô򣬺뵽һ⣬ҰʯľԮҲҪ죬ʯĶ֣Ժһǵ̫֧Ԯ㣬ʱʳᵽȥǽҶξʹȥ
ҶξȥˣÿŵͼĵʯһˣƱػֽţʱˡ

ѾǶүĵڶˡ
·һˣ˿̶裬·飬ǰȥ
顱
ˡ
ĸ˵˵˸˽ͨѾϳšţҶ˵ɲ
ת˹ȥһ˦ǳ㻹ʲô
·û뵽һֱΪ๫Ȼ˵һӾͻˣѵҲǣǣΪĺ͸˽ͨ
ȻأҪô㣬ﶼۿˡ
ģһжǳºݺģˣҪҰôĸ飬Ҷİѵῴ𣿡
£ǰôĸ飬㾹ȻᱳңԿģ
ȥ֣ˣһҪңǾԲᱳģһͻ֪ȥǱԩģǳº죬ҪıμҵĲƲݺҵġ
ʱǳºŶϷһº·˵ûݺ㣬Ҷˣ͸¶ڴţǴҶʵ
еһжݺҵģţˣҪң׵ġ
Ϸ˵㿴º죬º쿴˵Һ㣬ƾʲô˵
Ÿ˽
ºһһż񣬲֪Ǻ
ջΪӣǶϷɻ·ı磬Ϸˣٷˡ
ſ˷ƱѰ˵ͷ
һΪϴˢԩġ˿ŴҶʶλǱΪ˽ͨĸ󡣡
һͨҲ￴˿ȷʵơ
󣬽Ҫʵʵ˵ˣٱǮԻһеʵ鶼ϸ˵˵
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ͷϷˣһжǳºٷСģٷ˵ķҩȻСڵڶϼװٷ˯һϷ˲ŻῴһĻ
Ϸ˿º죬ºæŲģģ㲻Ҫҽ˽ͨΪң㵽Ǻξģ
ǸҲŲæóӣǳºٷ˸ӣ˵ֻҪСļװٷ˵ļЩӾͶСģСļǮۿˡ
ºֵ̿ƾЩӣ˵ʲôţ㲻ҪǺ˵ôܺء
·һͿźͳº죬Ҷ֪ô£ŵô֣ҲŷֲԾһŷԭҵĴϻһˣҶ֪һô£һͨ˻һӡûţǳºңҩҲŻû֪ġ
ºҲƺԡ
·⣺ܣҵξƲմģ֪ġº˵©죬ֵؿţֻҲûκα顣
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Цºٷ㻹ῪЦҴӿʼڣֻһϢʲô㶼ñ·ٷͨ㣬ĸλҲˣº˵󾭳·ٷ˷ܣҶװɣǳɻģ͵㰲̥ʲôҩ֮ãǺ𣿡
˻һŶϷ˱ؿº졣
һָأºܹͨ˽ͨѾЩʱˣ˵֤ݣ˿̵º췿һѣӦû˿ġ
ŶϷһˣ㷢ŭº޵ģһҪܺҡ
һ⻰ºٷˣ˵ص㣬칫µĴˣӵǧҲܺʲôôǽȥķͻһ㲻֤Լ𣿡
˻һǶϷ˾Ϳ񣬷·𲻿ţôľ칫𣿶Ϸ˶칫ҵ˵칫ӣ
ǺһЦóƣſϾЦӭ˵ӣɡ
ãվűɡղܵʱ˵·ãʵʲ˵ã
ЦҿһŮӣҪΪֻף˵ı磬϶ˡ
·мؿ칫ӣлл㡣
º칫Ӷˣ֪ˣ֪ͨѾ¶Ҫųºˡ
סǣҲ̫˰ɣ
żǳºɫ֪˵ʵץǳº죬ͨͨóҪɱ·飬·飬ûóѡ
һٸ˰ѳºͨץˡ·ضμٷˣžۡ
Ϊ·ϴˢԩǼ˳ºͨϷΪ˸л񣬱л
˰£泩ˡڶθֳһٴͣǺãϷΪ˸лó˺öǮƣöϷȥȼˡ






31ı

˶θķ˺ʵûм칫ӣһϳʵڲãԺ㻹ǲҪˡ
ЦǣĽ̻塣ҲЦͣСǹӣӾС㣬˻Ϊװģȷʵ˭뵽أ
С㣬ǽҪȥأ
Ǽǰ˰ɣȥӣ°׳ˡ
Ϊʲôѽ
ķЦͦģǾڴ˵ش̫ˣȥԶҲġ
һԭ˰ǰ㲻Ҳһϲǲԭ𣿲ԭطҲǻסߣ鶼Ǻ˼ġ
ԭԺγӡһ޼ʵĸоؿûκ谭ĸоϷֶɽĸоӦûкܶҲӦú߲һɡ
ǰϲʱһǿĲԭţ濴ǣòԭϵǲǱзζء
˵룬ķҲ಻סԼ˼Ĳԭ£ǵ㣬ǹϣԼƼһĵϣЦǹ⡣
ҲϲָоȻͨףȴܴ˵ģʱǹĲԭϿǿգʱ϶
ȤҪܹİһ𿴵ĻӦøɡ
ķЦƣȥˡ
˼˵ӡ
գգ۾ôҵҪǿǿǣܲܺһǿա
ץסˣԼҪˣ˵ҡ
ЦòҼ޵ֵɣ˵㿴˭
ȡЦҡ
ȡЦ⡣
ķ˵˺ˣѽҲˣҿǻǸϽؿջ׼̰ɡ
ǣķ˵ĵʣòȲǲԭ˰ɣ
ķ˵ͷǰ
ǸϽߡ
˻صջʰöʼˡ


ľ˼Щ˼ǵĻòԼĴ
֪˵ĶǶԵġڻϼɵıȨһֱڻ뾡һа취ҪıȨ
ȥʧȥȨԴ
ʵδѱ䣬ڵĴ󽫾ְλ⣬ѾҪߵְλͲ׻ʵΪʲôôأ
ѱ䣬뱳ϴñӡ
зȨ־вʣΪ˻ϵĽɽȥôģ
ȥҲûκ˼
ǵĽģֵĻͿԵõȶ¡
һѣֻɹʧܡжٰԳɹأ
뵽˳ȶϡ
뵽ȴԥˣ׵ˡʧܣ϶ģôΪһ˽Ůأ
Ȼڻʵ۵⣬ȴϣзӣεúܺá
ѱ䣬Ҫս´ҡڴ壬˼ȥ˼ȥ
²ġ
ľѰ˼ôûнȥɢɢģȻһžһʹĵϢ
ȹȥˡ
ӱϢȹ
ܳȹôģѾˡľǳ
Ϣ˵ҲʹģǶȴҪƶ
ȻѾˣôûбҪˡ
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һǣ˻顣
ӣľģӹĿ³ľ
ǽӹȥˣľȻ˻飬ˣȥľҪ˻飬ûš
ߣҪƲĹϵѾĴлȥĵ
ľһ
ǵĻѾľĶ
ľŭŮľʦǵĻڿǻˡ
ʱľױ磬һŭĵ֪ŭ㽿ŮԹԵģָˣ
ľŭѡδ๫ǰʧٵʮĻӣڻıȨλˣ֮ԸȢΪҪһѱ䣬ӶﵽƹɹĿġ
ľŲʲôƹ֪ǷǲޣǼȻƹͺһֲʲô¡
ľ˵ֱľˣƹʲô£ʲôǴ£
󽫾ýͣ㡭㣬ТŮ
ľľŮΪҪǱƹɹԺǹˣԺǻʺһ֮ĸҫԽԽϲˡ
ľ˼飺Ϊ˻λҪȢ㣬ҲںľֻĹ߶롣
ľЦˣ㲻֪⼸һʵǰδеĿ֣ǴҺܺãܵҰٰҼõӣǲŻӵģʲôģʹǱƹҲһɹġ
ľĿɿڴǱǹʲôҩˣѵѾ˵ƹ飿
ľСڱƹ𣿡
ľɻôôʱûа
ľʹļףľôôԼĿģһƹʧܣ塣ѵ֪е
ֻøƹǶϷҪǲɹĻȫ˶Ҫģôô˵أ
ľˣرȨΪгһտԱƹһֱΪᷴģô죬ô˵أ
찡ԼŮô˵ľʱˣҶôΪģʵ۾͸ˡ
ʵۿ϶϶һѱ䣿ôķü
ľһŻţôΪ뷨ģ
ľףѵûһһֱΪ뵱ϲŻһֱűȨأ󽫾һսµ⣬Զ˳й٣ȴ˿û˳Ĵ㣬ѵ𣿡
ľԭġ˽ԵһΪҲΪϺãǰңȴû뵽
ľҪǵһȥƹĻ϶ɹģͲʧܵ⣬ֻҪԺ󵱹ɵͺˡ
ľ͵ʵĻɹ
ľףǰȨôʮĻӣ˳ģҲӵǵġ
ľǵ°նӵʵۣǴ尡
ľһʵҪúãս𣿻ô𣿵ͱˣ˵ѾôʵۣҲˣҲûˡ
ľľ˵Ļ֪ŮȻôҰģսʵҲе£Ҳʵ۰ٵúܺãЩ񶼴ĵлʵۣô˵ҪǱҪɱͷġ
ľͣΪ⣺ڽûôͲҪˡǰŮ뵱ʺûлᣬڻˣֻҪǺ¶ǵģʱʲô͸ʲôˡ
ľײΪڻϹ۴ѵĵģ׼Ҫˣʹ˵󽫾Ҳˣʱ϶ҪԴģƴһƴҲһǲƴ˰ɡ
ľĻԱһһʧܣǾȫˡ
ľҪ㶼ûˣŮԼ˽أкãҪõ¶ģⳡսӮˡ






32

ľŮû˵ɹŮ˵ƹ
ľ˼ҲһľгȥˣҲûкľ˵ʲôľеֲ֣ʣֻ
뵽ǣ֪ű̵ȥˡ
Ҫ㵽Ƕͤȥ
ľһ·ҵ˳ǶͤȻ
ľǺܸˣ˹ȥǣ㣬û뵽ء
ǼЦȻʲôʱƭأ
⼸ľһ𣬹ϵѾǱѰľվͿˣ⼸ദȫõӣ˼ְ⡣
ľһЦҵǵȻƭˣ˵Ϊ˻λҪȢңҲŲء
һľľסʵǣϲҵģ𣿡
ǻعЦȻǰҼõŮӣһĺǻġ
ľߵĻһֻûرס
оǵĻӦľţǣûи߹㣿
ʲôЦ
ľԴ֮ұһģֻϧûпңȻǾͿһˡ
ĵǹģȻ㣬ЦǹһǷǰɣʱڣҾʹһȥɺã
ľҪ޷˵ֻõӦð
΢ԡԡ
ǱŲСôãǼȻˣȥɢɡ
ľˣڷҶƮƮķǶôⰡ˳æðð
Ѿ׼
ľЦԭ㶼Ҫ˼ȥɢģûม
ֻץסļ򣬽Լ˳ôˣСèһһȥ
˿ƥ㲻ǣҪһ
ǿ˿ΪѵôȣһĻȵģ۰
۵ЦˣҲҾҪһ
˵Ҳûڿƿˣֻúһ
ԼȥְҲ˺ں˫ֻסǵεؿ˿ǲֵСֻ֣Űˡ
ҪһӺӣöð
ˣĵҪһӸӣöҰ
ǣԺһӶһòã
ĵáȴ˵ð
ĵذͷıϡǾر۾Ǻöð
˵Ѿȥط
ִǣԽԽˡ
ⱳϵŮˣ뵽
һĬ
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˲ãһƬ֡
ǴСذǷſ˼תͷȥ
ԣĬĬҶ׷ɵСϣ˼졣
ľ˿ǣǶôĿʣȻûЦ͵Ļȴ˸оЦ⡣
Ƕһ޶ģΪõöֵΪһС
ϣĻ𾪣еôɷÿһʷ·Ȼɣŵһμܰ˴ϸ۲˺ܾá
书˵ã黭ͨνһ˫ȫӣһеޱȵҸ㡣
ǰһʱԸоŮӵĽ۹⡣
˵ʹ·𣿡
ŵϹӣĬޱȡ
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һУֻΪ˱Ϊ˱ԲֶΣΪ˱ԳԼĸ飬Ϊ˱ȥƭ˵ĸ顣
ǰ˵ΪģԼᣬ˵һЩԼöĵĻ
Ϊ˵õľ֧֣¾Ŭ벻Լ
һľҰĵģϲȨƣϲٸһеĻôȥҲԶšȨƣ󣬶˵
Ȼľȴ˽ŮľľľԲľȨġ
Ὠľȥƹȥõ¡
ͿҫˣǶôĸ߸ϡ
ϣĶǶԵġҶ룬һᡣĸףôôԩأ
˵öԣȰ
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ڤ˼Уһ˵ûзӦľ˵һ飬Цģ㹻ˡ
ľˣСӵǣһô죿
ֲᵱʵۣôأЦġ
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ľ˵껰Ǿˣľ

뿪һ·ᶼǰ
˷ᶼǴԭˡ
ȥᶼ·;ңԶҪһ·̡
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á
˲һ͵һ̣ͣЩСЪһֿʼˡ
գأ֪˯ˡ
ȵѵʱѾɫˣ˿㣬˯ÿˬһôȵģ㶼˯Ű
ٺٵЦˣȻͺܺ˯ˣ쵽˰ɣ
ķתĻǰǳſˣãոһ㡣
ǺһЦǰҪ˯˽Ѱǲܵġ
ǰѾǳſˣ˲ڡǹٱ˵ǹٱǵðӸƿǹˡ
ᶼǽرְ˵˿ջǿջϰ徹Ȼ˵ǴԷҪǮ
棬ϰ˵ˣ󸻺ƼүճףǽڳгԷȾס޵Ķү͡
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϶ȥģֻøȺ˺þòŵνƸƸȥһƬɫſġҲѧŴңǣֵ򸣣͸ڶ;ͽȥˡ






33

һȥƸ˰ͺһԺķȺת
ķ˵֪үôһˡ
ЦȫǶ͵ˣӦòɡ
²Ҳ˵ΪҫƸ
ЦˣͷҫƸˣүضƺʩˡ
ķҲͬǰ㿴ȫ߲ܣһ˸裬Ӧ˵ġ
ƸžϯΪ׼ġ
ڻδϯѾЩˮġ˸ʣʽĸԿ
Ǹ˿˿ŲŵתһˣܶˣҪǰȽܿˡ
л˿Ҳλˡ
ķ˿˿ôˣҲˣ˵ҲλҲͿˣǲǰˣ
ûᶼʶүģţ治ס
Ҫõǰλã϶ϵúá޹ʵģ˼ôأ
ֻ˵ЩοĻȵǱ߿Ҫ̫ˣ취
ķ˵ͷһȥˣתһ䣬ҰͿһôһյذۿȥطôĸô
ϷѾ̨ˣ涼ϯλ˿գʱδڣȻ˺öˣĻзģ
һˣŵ֪λʵзġ񰵵δϯôˡһ³ˣﻹˣ
һ˰žϯˣҶʼһλþ
Ҳķ˺쾮λڵλֻ˶롣
״ΪʶԵʡ
˲ʱĴλܶλˡ룬Ҳ˾ˡ
ôһ룬˼λӡǿʱ˹ӣĵ˼ھӡ
۾¶⡣
Ǽλӿķˣˣһã΢Цʾ⡣
Űɫ·Ĺ˵ķط˺λﶼʿɣ
ķ˵ǣֻһߵͷҲʿȻҲ൱ڰʣǾͲˡ
ɫ·ĹʵλǷ˵Ůɣ
ķֵǡǽнһЩڽĻ⣬ϸ
ɫ·ĹӿƺûǵĽʵڿʲô
˶˵عͷԼ˵Цûʲô̸ӺɣԸе棬֪һЩ
Ǹµû뵽һЦû뵽ôǾסˣֱ˱Żعม
¹ôһ˵Ц˵үǷᶼŮӡ
أ
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¹Ҳ˵ǽ㣬϶ء
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ѾʼϯˣӶʼ˲ˡһ߳һ߿ΧֻҲڳԣҲͲˣֻðĳš
ֲ˶еģصĶС⼸˺üٴˣҲͲ̫ϲˣ˵СˣеˮͲˡ
ȥǸĵطҵղ¹˵ĻȻǱȷʵλõġӵӣҪϻˮƸдνȫ
һܶ˶ʼȲҪϱݡ㶼ʼϯˡ
Ҳߴٵ߽˸ղ¹˵ĵط¡
λǰܽϲ̵ġķҲܿġ񿴵׺ܸˣԼҲøӺϵĸ衣
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô˼ץס½ǣĵʵô
ߺ˵㣬ڼ
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һȥƸôǲŮŮָŷ񼸴ζûҵÿ̲סˣֻּֽһū澣Լȥ
ߵһȽƫƧҵһٵؽȥš
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ֻһϮ£ûмһ˿԰´ôƯôƮݡֻһ񼸺ˡƺһħÿһ¶ַ顣
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ǰ˿ϰѻɳȥˣʱʧ䣬۾Żһתֻǻֱֱǰɡ






34

ۿǻҪķ˷˹һͰǻס˼ŵԱߡ
ŮĽʺ޵ؿ񣬺޲еĻԼġҲΪҪ
˿ۣŻ㣬ϵôŮǰ˿ǰŮӣֵôǣ
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ѻŪˣҪǰ׵۾ӻˣҪô죿֪֪Ϊոôһӣ׵۾ͲϹˡ
࣬ɣԴ͸¶һ˿ŭֱǸԲҲ֪
˺ãһòֻࣺ㣬ԺҪӻ䣬ҪѻøǸˡ
˿ЩŮӣЩߺ޵ؿЩؿţǰһŮر崿ЦЦǻŵϵôϲϵĻúϧģ⻨͸ˡ
ŮæлмؿתͷչЦúܺá
˵գصȺСϿˣʵ֪﷼أɷСۣ
ͷЦͲ֪ˣԺҲټˡ
صķڵأ˵ˣѾˡ
ķ˸ղűŵˣֱŻعĬĬƸɳһǰղҲأǻÿ찡
ķµҿʱҵԴ޷˼ˣֻֽſ죬Ȼ˫۾ͷˡ
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ϴͻ飬κӻһҲңÿÿ仰ú仰







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ȴӷᶼ̣ᶼԭһ·򱱣ķ˼ڼԭƵƵؿŴ⡣һ·ۿʼˡ
ǸɽֵģľԽԽɽҲزȡ֮ǹľ
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˵ȻϺԼļ类棬һܺõ飬ϲ̣³ǾǣǺܷٵģкܶԭûеĶԷۣԲƯ֮ܶܺĶ
ĽҲԺǲԭҲкܶĶǿһһţ֪һͷţͨԡ
˶䣬ʵҲǳϲ˵ڴ˵ͷţкܶʷˣѾˣҪɱģÿ𵶵ʱţһˮڿ˲Ҫɱˣܶ˿˶ˣΪֹûбɱڸˡ
ûм£ʵţĻ
ı鲻ڽ£ģ֪ΪʲôΪʲôɱ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ԭϻһϰףˣǾǧɱ
ɻ󣺡ôôһϰأ
ഫһũһͷţͷţũʲô͸ʲôһֱΪũҸȻܶˣҲˣũ˸˰ţҪţɱˣũԶ֣ũ˵ҪͷţһũҪɱϾ͹۾ᣬһֱţǽũ򿴵龰²֣ѵǸţˣţ˺ܺһͿţһ֧ţţͿˣ۾ﻹˮţһӣĶһһ֧֣ܶ˶˵ţͶ̥ĶˣǱӦԺ󣬲ԭγϰס
˺󣬺ѹţˣΪʲô˾ǲһˡж֮ɹΪ֮¹򣬶ܶȴ̣
˵Ҳидһֻﶼˣȴɱ
˵˼ɱ
ǰǲԭԺҲƽˣǵıԭ˴Ҳ֪ΪʲôҶ࣬ȥʲôãһ𣿡
æʵǺ𣿡
һʣǰѵ㲻֪
ԭǲԭô֪ԭ˴
С˵ʵҲҵһԶ˵ģ˻֪أҪսҶЩµģ֪ǻ᲻
˵ͷСѾˣ
ҡͷҲ֪Ҳ
񻶽տʼˣѾʼԶˣҲֹͣ˵ʼרͶա






36¿񻶽

񻶽ڿʼˣ˿ʼԶˡķԵ㡣ߵţɲǾߵζˡ
СĵسţŴս顣õ˵˽͡ǺͣⳡսǵôֻսΪ˸õĺ͡
ϯ俨ʺ񣺡Եù𣿡
ЦȻЩܺóԣлл㰡ʺķ
˵һ
࣬ҲԲ£ͿŴҳԣֿ˿գոˣգҲӦʾźƽɡ
ķҲͣ
ķ˵ߵóԡҲ޵;ǵľǲһ
ˣܶ˶ˡ
ͻȻһȦȦһӳ裬裬ӳǲԭϵĸ
ֻһŮǰ裬ǸŮ
ָͣŮӱʾ⣬ҲŮԸԸ˼ŮҪǲԸĻͻתͷȥҪԸĻǰԼַӵϡ
ϸˣȻǸŮӰַӵϣΧ˶˻ЦҲŹơ
ϲǸˣһҪ˳˹ȥȻһꡣ
ֶܼ࿴ۣȷʵܴҲѧЦǿ˴䡣
ĻŭţƮȥķˣҲΧĵûҲͲˡֻЦǡ
ϲ꣬Ҫ񽲹飬˵ľֺ̢ҵĺɣʱһ֣;עģÿζһģǲԭʿ
˵ͷ΢Ц
ľ̢߿ˣЦ㿴һֱڿม
ô˵ҲǸ򣺡ûа
򣺡ֱֱؿôô󵨿㰡ˣֱתͷԼ͵͵ɵЦ
طŮӱﰮˡЩˣ¸ҵرԼİĽĽǣܹϺֱʡ
ż䣬Ȼоûˣ̧ͷ裬ٿӣҲЦſЦˣԭȥȥˡ
ǲԭķ񣬺ζ
ֻƯ·ںҹԵöôҡҷˣֻľ̢
òʱֻ֪һ仨ľ̢ȥľ̢һ£˹
˵ֱ˹ȥľ̢û뵽⣬ı˵ˣЦúܴԭ˵๫ôһ˵ԭ˵ĿţǼʶˡ
Ҳ۰Ͱ͵ؿţȤɴҲȥһ
㵱ǲԭﰡ
ķЦ˵һվǸˣҲ˰
Ц˵öԣ˵ҪǴŽøĻ˵ñͰɣ
ϷǰܱȵСá˵ġ
˵۾ǣסЦݣ¼˶Ĭˡ񿴵ˣ񿴵ʲôƵأתͷͱһ壬ë׵Ķ˵
Ǿǻŵģһֱڵסǰë׵Ķְסˣһſë׵Ķ۾ɫëֻţⲻǹʲô
æƿô£Ȼһֻ˵
֣Ҳˣֻץˡ
Ȼֻȴ
˿ҲЩ
ŴҶԼףô£ôƾջܳһ
æʣô°
һ곤վ˳˵ĸҲǲԭĸĪֻÿ
ֻ˵˵вԭһֻһֱڵȴˣʱǶţкܶ˶ץסȻʧ֣ʱͼģʱܵÿ죬ûϸһû䣬ˡ
һˣ̫ţֻֻЩְˡ
˼ܶ˶űʮǰұһֻĴǹͣغܶ˶
ʮôһ˵룬и˻ˣæͷźܶ˶˵ʱ
ǰֻеúܴ
Ͼ֮գ죬޴ĽʱһΪˣǴһҪԸأû뵽ûˡ
ǰ
ǰ
ܶô˵Ҳ͸ӿ϶ĳ
ʣʮɣ˵ͷǹֻǹ˵ؿֱţʲô˵ֵ
ֵϾ֮ճģ
ֵ˵ͷ
˵ǾͶˣҲ⹷Ҫأһжܷϣ˰
ҶһˣķҲһɻؿ
˿ֻʮ䣬ëʮֵĳ۾ţӺܳβһ仨һֻʮƯĹ
һСӿǹʮϲҪ
С˵꣬ǹͶСӿУСôһУͿˡæСӣǹеҪٽˡ
ǹûٽУֻǿ˿һУҲе˼飬⹷Ļ
˵⹷Ȼҵˣһģ㻹Ǵɡ
ǹҲʮϲҲȰ㣬ǹֻһ˵Ļʹһɡ
ţҲԣҾͲţֻһ˵ġ
ָǹ¡ǹ޶ԡ
ķҲ˵һ䣬ǹȻֻǿͷ
˶ԣǹǲ˱ǽãԡ
˿˵ּķ˺ڴǹȥ
ǹȥˣǲҲֻɺϣһȦ
ǹһȦԺǰ£һֻ˳ͣڰС
㣬ǹҪ𣿡
ķҲˣֻǿ˿ֻϲò˱ϽӦûצȥ֣ˡ
ŰɣʵҲϲ⹷ֻǴ˵ţʮֺ棬⹷ö
ǹһֻŻڰУ۾Ͱ͵ؿ񣬷·ڽ
۷׷
ҴûпôƯĹ
⹷ĺ
㿴ǹȻһֻš
ҪһֻĹͺˡ
˽ؿֻ
ܽţ֪˵ǲģԼԼڴֺеʲô֧
һʱ֮侹Ǳߡ
üˣ㣬ֻĽŶѾͣ˺ܾˣ㰡ҶҪȲˡ
ķ˵ǰЩвޣԱ֪һˡ
Ҳæǰǰ
Լ֣ؽӽ
һ
ֻǹĽؿ֣һһ֮䣬о϶˶㿴ǹİԼĽŷϡ
ĦĽţǹƺܸˣĽգֳŵͷϡ˳̧ͷ
öеΣ֪˺ë쳣̲סֶ˼¡
˸˿һĻ˶Ľؿ
͹һһθǣҶΪǲԭĸǺȾǳġ
˺ʹҺһ
ֺʹһ裬Ȼ񲻻ȻǣֵĸоȻȻʹһ
ֱҹˣ÷ˣŸȥ˯ˡ
׼˯ĵطͿĶһ˯ķһ˯







37²

֪ԭʹԼ˯ţҲΪͻȻ鹷ҲΪԶھǵǣҲڴսá
˿ķ˺Ѿ۵˯ˡСؿԼĶᳳǣվһһߡ
һӣѽŷķ˵Ľϣһϵж־Ц˯ԭôŹ۰
ŵش˳һ񲢿һֻſţ㱻ŵˣ֪ԭ
ַߡꡱһǹҲûнУֻǰظ
ߵһƬݵش£ǹҲԱ¡⹷תͷͷĿԸоë˳¡
Ļ˺ܶˣ
ֻǿͷ¶֪ǲشģⶼԼɻˡ
˿գǸض࣬ոľסڲݵ˫ֱͷֻҲڿա
ĵѵҲÿҹգҲҵĿ𣿡
ֻǿգعͷЦЦôᶮķأ
һ˰ܵҹϢ¶ˮڶ
ҹˣȴߡеԤڶ죬еļƻ仯ֻƽ˸оο
ǵĳ뵽ģûǣƻģġִˣһжΪ˽׼Щ׼Ѿе⣬ҲЩǾ֮һ
ǣкܶǣǻֵģһ⡣
أһ£ΪֻдҴҵĹͣȴľʹ˴ʧ
ǰ˵ǹҰԶܵš
ӦӱܣԭӦڶŮкһֹǣҪȥ𣬰Ĺңӡ޷뵽ЩҪǷϣ;ò˼顣𣬾ǱҲĺޡԵ˵Ҫʱûֹ
Ƕ´塣ûֹǣҲķ°վʹˮУҲΡ
ǣǣôܹԼ˼ȥȰһسˣ
ìܣҲһ취Ǿǽ̫ץǱ𡣿һʧĻ˵ǻû޵Ļһжǰ׷ѡ
ֻҪǷģôһжǲɱġ
˵һԼǸԼʱ˵úģѾΪ˱ʣÿһжǧ˿ƵϵܺͶô
˺ܶ࣬˺ܶ࣬ǺͷòߣҪڣͲչ
Ҳ뿪ǡ
Ѿ˳ͻ˵ģսͣ
ǿ˸û˻ش⣬ֻԱĬĬػ
ֻǰеĹ
ʱһ׸ʹ࣬һ˼˲顣
ҪͶ̥֮ʱûǺҲͲǵô࣬ҲͲһԼĽ
ҲôŬѧ书ҲôŬѧϰ黭ҲĹŴСһŲŲѭŸĸ֮Լý֮ԣ޸һòˣȻŮӡ
ھͲҲฮĹ뷿ĵ£Ů䡣
ʱȻȻͷȻֱֻһõ״̬룬УһÿһҪý
ʧƺ˵ԣʳɫ
Ī˵¹ⲻģֻ̫ӡѣǦʧ
Ӱ֪ˣЦôҲû˯
̫ϰߡ
˿ǻ鹷̫̫˷˲Ż˯ŵġЦС˵ˣס
±˿ֻתƻ⣺ô
ľŮľǱȽϿµˣҰģ˵ǰСʱϲҫľ˱ȽѶ֪Ҫʲô¾üȻľѾ˾һȰ˵ĸ׵ġ
һȻˣôϵĸʱȽϴ󡣡
ҲôΪ
ҵ˵Ѿ֪飬֪Ϊʲôֹ
Ѿжˡ
ô
ɸȥɱȻûһεֹ
ȻֻǸӼԼ뷨
ȴЩɣͲ¼ŭ
ңν鶼ȲȨơ
ѵûһ𣿡
ı˸ȾγأѪӰλҡ
ô꣬ÿÿǿеıˣôŬһߵ졣
ʱƻթ̳еĺ꣬ʱСÿһؿԺΪԼ㹻˽Ȼȴÿÿһĸо
˿͸ûֹҲûʸֹǷÿһΪ
ͶءԼǺܼģ֧֣ǺܹػǸ޵Ρ
ֵһ׷ͱ
ڵңҡҡͷҲ֪ǳ˵ʹĶһû̵սĸ֮䣬Ҳƣν飬ҲйȻЩȨƸѹˡ
ǰеģֻǣλʲôأ
ҵǶûڵңҰ
￴ӡ
ۿԶңʱ䣬һжģҲʱõģȻҽԼ˭֪ᷢʲôأ׺ɣһжġ
￴ԭ뷨ʱ䣬˵˵̲̣ȷණǻġ
һǴӸ߸ߵϿշɹûбۿֻǿǴǰš
˵ԸĹµСΪβԸ
ŵķ򣺡ŵÿ죬ҵԸǲġ
ԸֻһõüУ˭ܽ븶أ
ô֪أ
ЦΪֹһ˰Ҳܶ˺һҹ£ҲǣȻԸҲǵԸҵĸУҲ
ĵС̫ࡣ
εؿЦǰ˾ͻ룬ȹ˶֮ʱҾͰԴſգʱһء
ЦˣСҲ̫֮ˣֻż룬һС㣬ɹÿˡ
ô˵ٺһЦҲôãһҵĵ˶ĹÿÿЩҶúҸеĲ춼ȥ㲻֪жôڵԼȻʱҲзգϾֱȽ϶ࡣͻȻͷһĺлл㣬ллԸߣԶµһˡ
￴ĸжݣС㣬ҲҪлл㣬
Цˣ˵ﻰҾһʮСƺ
ɫҵСŮкܣС˵ĸǡ
ЦЦ˵Ļ氮ʵҲʲôŮкܣҲ˵ĸǣֻһϣ̫ƽϣܹúˡ
ŮӿûСͷ
ͻȻ಻ظ֮ࣿ
ɻʵС𣿡
ԭҲţȴЩˣ˵ҲҲţһǵǰ顣ﲢûгԤϵı飬ֻǵĿ
ɻôôͽ飬ﻹǼ˵ǰǱ˺ģȥͶ̥ʱǺԵΪֹһǼǵǰ飬ȻҲʮ꣬ʵȴֹʮ꣬Ҳ˻ò˼飬ȴġ
ﻹһı飬·Ѿ뵽ֵһҲô
ЦˣһʼҲС㣬ұ㽥ϰߣС˵ЩǽҵɻҲ˵ƵģԶС˵ģֻûرȡ
һΪһһû뵽Ҳ֪
ǰĸʱң˵еظҶ£ʱҾͿʼš
û뵽Ҳģĸθ㣿
ǰ
ЦˣͶ̥תʱҾ;ʮ־ȣоһһΣһжģֻһΣȻʮҲòţҵľû뵽ԭУΡ
ҲЦˣǰ֮׽ʵʱֲ
ǿգƺԽԽˡ
ͻȻЩ⣬ЩˣҪȥ˯ˣ컹𴲡
С˯ˣȻ췸ɲܡ
ãȥ
صǹҲŵڣЦЦſš
񣬿ķ˯㣬¡ۣþͽˡ







38ı

գľԸȥ
ľ鷿صȴǣһǾ͵ˡ
ľǣŷеһʮʮĻӣأ
Цľ˵᣿
ľ󾪣ԭ㣬ʮĻӡ
ǵһרɱ̫Ķ飬ѾˣǸ̫󣬸ӵоһ塣
ľƺ̫ܺ󣿡
ǵǵģɱ̫ͷ֮ޡľתͷ
ɢ˱˵ɱ
ľ˺ܾãҲѡϵĻʤˣֻһҪ󣬾Ҫá
ЦǵȻ
ľǴڿʼǱúõز𣬱ȷһʧ
ǵţһʱ䣬˻ʹڵĲϸƻ˵ˡ
ľתǸϵˣȶôôɵأ

õ
ϣΪ϶ǼٺͣĿΪ塣ĵ
ЦЦҲд˿ǣһ뽲ͣǻŪɳ׾
˵Ҳ
ǲȻúó˵Ժ󳷣ǾͿ
ҡҡͷõʹǺˣǻûа취š
ǸΣ
õֻټȥѺɾŻͶȥλҪһһսδ򡣡

ûԤ֮еͷʹֻԴ۾Ҳ˿ߣķѾûӰ
ЦЦһͦ
˱ӣҪ߳ȥպЦЦͳʲô
Ц㶼˯ˣڻͳʲô
˿ЦӲԵЦʲô
ֹסЦҵС㣬ڶѾˡ
˿ԭգ̫Ȼͷϣ·Цѹֻ÷ˬԭ˯ˡ
źϴɡ˵ͷǱźˣҪͻȻûĻ治á
Ϊϴˮϴˣְͷÿ򵥣Ҳ⣬ֻҪСҲ񣬷ôᶼǺܺÿ
ȥĶˣĩˣ뵽ڶûмķˣ
һεȥĴˡ
˿еԼˬҲȥɡ
ȥţ棬кܶϷȻ죬̫ȴûʲô¶ȡ
˲ԶͿֻ
˯̫춼ĴڣῴʼСһȥ
ǳԵǰͣһֱҪ˵ϣֻðסͷ
Űסһ㰡ôôϲ˵أôҾ͸֣ͽС뵽ǰһֻȮ뵽ǹܸЦЦĵȮôϸһָо⹷
ְˣŴкѪֻȻûôҲѵãһҪȡ֡ǰִϲĲᣬ˿ǰĹЦˣͽвɡ
֣ƺܸȡ֣Ҫˡ˹
ܹԣֻͣ˲֣÷ǳ֣֪Ϊʲôôȡ񣺡㣬ʲô˼
Źëеͣޱȣǳġ
񿴵վһߣҲһ⹷ʮȸԾӣﶨʮϲᣬҲëʮֻ˳
ؿ˲ᣬµӣڲϣһʼҲͲˣĤüЦ
񡱺˹ȥȻվء
ֻһϲ̵ӣЦſֱܵǰŵȥĻȥ
ϾǲԭŮҲûкߣ濴һҹǡ
һȤȻЦġ
ʱǳףһҪò
˿ȻԸ⡣֪ʲôʱףҲܴܾõġ
òãʮһҪһ˵ֿ֪ԭ˵ֶúǲԭ
Цˣͺܺ
㵸һΪءһЦװҾУˡ
˵ЦллҴȥҵĲԭ
˵ص˵ͷҲһڴӡ
Թ󲻾ãˡ
ȥԼϲ񿴵óʮϲΪ㽲˿Сʱ֮á
񿴵˲ԭϴţǰسԲϢ·ذ
ԭȻԭ˵ʹġûʫʫС΢΢д꣬Ҳûһˮûнˮί
˾˵ϺãֻϽϡˮ죬
ߡ£˪ѩδĪ磬

ԭûнϴɫ͸Сһҹ紵̣ˮӳҺ졣ϵء
ԭûнģʱ̸ǴлӲӣ⾶Ҷԧ
ԭûнһ˿Ʈ࿴Ҷ䣬΢顣
ԭûн϶ѩʤٴ䣬ƿǧ顣Īʯ®
ȻԭȴǶصġ
鿪ţǽӵеġ
մɽ¡®Ұ
ԲԣҰãã紵ݵͼţǲԭ
ɽ׳Ƶͺþ
̲Ϳ̴ïʢ嫴
һƬúɽˮţ
Ѿ˼Ի
ţȺȾɽ
Ʈڱ̲Ҹޱ
ǲԭ
ǽϲӵеģµŵģԭȴĿ
һ۳һɣʵϵίдģ
ԭвԭ
ЩʱҹɫؽˣϼɣǻƻţĽ˵ĹһһжôȻô
ճյһСķ˵ϲԭԭرһˡ
һжôг㿴ǳԲݵţ޵㿴ǺϼգϢء
óˣҡֲŻ
ϦƻĲԭȴҪҹˣ㣬ڿʲôô񣿡
ճЦڿúɽ㿴һǶô
ȻҪ㼸첻ϴ裬Կ
üôȱˮȱϴˮûУ
ǰԭˮҪϴĻԭ˵ŭġ
ĵǰҲ˵ԭ˺ϴ衣˲ԭȴϴ裬ôУ







39¹ϴ

ͻ룺ûʲô֮ģ
ɻʲôޣ߶û꣬Ӷˡ
оѹѵûа취𣿡
ֻˡ̾һһˮû𣿡
˵ҾͲ֪ˡ
Ǽϴһ裿
ˣ졣
˺ͷ죬첻ϴ裿Ҳ̫ѹˡԭʲôãȱˮ
Ϊϴ⣬룬ֻҪ꣬Ҫߡȥܲ˵ġ
Ҳķ˵ϴ⣬ķֻЦЦҲδһʡ
ס˼죬ڵϴʱˣ˻ϲϲϴһ衣
ڲԭϣ̫ȽϸáÿվǵȺţ򣬾ͻʮȤ
ʱҲιЩţ򣬻Щ̡ʱзɹʱԶԶľͻᴫܴĽ
֪ʲôĻڼҲûпǡ
ﲻ֪ΪʲôͻȻʧˣΪ϶ʲô¡ûˮϴӣȻѹǲԭоο
ķ˸Ҹʱ⡣ܸķܹô˵Ͼ˭֪Ҹʱ⻹άϵأ
ܶʱֻܻʻ䡣
ôҪ䣬ȥܣֻͽ˱
˵ں쳾УմϳҲЦԼ˵νƺ쳾ֻǶ׵һľˣں쳾ܿأ
ÿ仰ԼԼ̫ɣŻ
Ҳܹƺ쳾
ʱǰͻЩ֣ʱȻȥҵͷͶ̥תʱ˵ĻЦԭãʱԼУһΪ顣
ʱԼȻΪڷǰһõ飬νδ
ʹΪʲô
˵һֻȢһˣǧˮֻȡһư
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˼˺ܾãڵвԼģȥɣҲûʲôʧ






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41³Է

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ôỳأ֪֪ĵأ֪ΪˡʹģҲһΪˮܽвˡ顣οףǾԲġ
ڿƵĻ˵Զ˭ܱ֤˭ʹͷı֤Ķ˶ѡ

лл㣬ҪǲҵĻҲΪ㣬Ҳ⣬벻Ҫ֪ôݺҵģ
޵ģȴͲסҪ֪ô
ˮܽݺĹ˵һ飬ıӾȵŭǸˮֶܽθеʮֿɺޡ
ȻȴЦˣʹֻŻ
ô㣬ô
ҵȻֻںöˡȻҪôҹڷߣȥһ٣ǳע⣬һӷķµкҩ
ЦͬãڵʱõкҩķأıŵЫ׼Ҳ
Цǰ㻹˽ҰԭأôСҲ۸֣Ҫ̫ˣҿɾҪǿˡ
кҩ뷨ãĥš
˵ֺ
ôһ˵ɻˣСˣŮԺָʲôˣȻˣԺ󽫾ˡ
㲻Ǹξ𣿡
Ҳǣһá
Ҳ֪ΪѱˣԺԶԶģҲӦҲˡ
˵ģˮܽôСӦôġ






43

뵽ǸŮԼԼ֣ԭõע⣬Ȼʧˡ϶ԼӺ
ҲǴá
뵽Թޣ뵽ĲʣԭּЩ
ÿţ񲻽΢΢ʧǸţȴմϱ˵ζķǳ
ԽԽò·ˮܽǸŮ˴˿̾аЦ
ϲϴɫ·ɫ·ϣǸŮζ
ȻתͷȥбǶȵȻԺҲҪ·ˡ
ӸղſͷֲԾˣһֱضסǼ·ȴ˵һ仰ҲҪҪ·
˿Լ·ֻͦõģûʲôԾɻؿ
⵽˿֪Ľ⣬һӾŭûһо֪ᣬֲʲôŮ˶Աġ
ߺ޵תҲ
վˣƺ
Ҫ׷˹ȥĽŲͷҲأҪǲǼ·˵ĻԺͲҪңῴǸ񶾵Ů϶ЦӣǶļˡ
Ȼԭ˿Լ·ҲӶ
뵽˵ģˮܽļ϶ЦȻøǶġǺؼӿ˽ŲãҪ·ӵ
֣߳ߵԺӵʱǸֽˮܽŮˡǼˡ
ʮ꣬Ϊʲôȴ˿ɶִʮŮǵ֪ʱ򣬶ǸŮȴ񶾺
ƩڣǸŮԺźȲ裬ûۿԼֻбԼ
֮ǰŮ˵ֶΣ룬ˣǷǡ
ԶԶƹǿԶУȻȴʮ֮ͣסˡ
ΪǸŮ˾ȻҸ˵ֻǼеߣΪβһأ
۾һȻƤЦⲻЦãҿǲˣַ޼ģצұȲ㣬ԣϲ磬ⱲӶû⸣˵̾
ˮܽǻȻȴװţ˵ôҿңҵǻ
һۣΪֻǷǶ롣ҪһٵʵĻŮ˿ı
ˮܽԽԽЦݣȻ趯Ľ΢΢ӣȻһֳ嶯
ͷð˳ж
ٱˮܽǰһ죬ŮһݶϷȥ
ˮܽݶܵŵӣЦǧҪҵ⣬ȻݶȻҲа취һЩΪȵ飬ҪǿķϣҽͲôˣҪҲˣҶŹôСȴ˺ݶҶ֣Ӧ㡣
ˮܽû뵽߱ڣǱһŵֶ΢΢
վǰ۾¶Ĳм񣬿Ӹ£ơôһ˲䣬ΪɱԼ
޺ޣֲҳԡֻǿĵȻˣǾͱҲˡ
룬־ݶףŮڽǰ۾˵ҿ˵һݶû˹̣ܽҾظ˵ףʡڸǰҽ
˵գҪȥץ֣ץס֣Ȼú֡
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ĵ־񿴵תͷȥƺӱʲô
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仰ʱ򣬳˳ǡ
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ŤӣʵҲ㣬Һ޲ÿֲзϣôĺû˿㣬ȴҡ˵㡣Ȼһ飬ࣺǣʮ갡ôСҪǲзˣô죿ҿСֻǲ°ˣԭ㡣ֻҪԺٶʹʲôֶȺңҾͻ㵱ڼÿһøκá
ˮܽʶԼֻϣһΣؾʹг˳ǿʹʹָ
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ˮܽԥһ£뵽ԼֻʹҲܲô࣬ȥ
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ʵ˵ֻóĬһԲ
񿴵ΪԼݶϡ
ʵܡҲʹѾܵͷˣҲͲҪ
˵ղŽߣֻΪ㣬뽫ɽ֣ú÷ʡ־òף˽ݶ²ؿҲΪԼΪܵͷҾʹȥˡ
ͷͬ⣬û뵽һԲǰݲȥˡ
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վˣŷſ
ԼѾ㹻ˣȻֳĬôԼҲͲҪίԼ￴
֪ʲôԭ򣬼ʹֵ֪ĹϵԺûкøС
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˵תͷһƵŮ˵Ļ
ллԭҡظȻһ⣬ǲ̫㹻
񳶳ЦݣҪлҵĻԺҪҿ㣬ҾͶжˡȻ˵ЩǲܷϣĶˮܽŮӴںܶ
ˮܽǽӲҲԣ㣬϶ңҲȲѵģС͸ңԱʴȾǶԼ̣ʲôҪԼȡŻӵУںͣҾѧҪһ㣬ʱѧȥݺһСŮӣʮʱΪ˻ݺһΪұڹ㲻֪һôҵֻиݵ˲ȨţĶӦȥ
һһ䣬顣
Ůˣ۾̣ǵЦЦĻȡ
ԭѹ֡
ȻЦֱһ죬ҵңҲŵԴ룬Ӵ˹СϧҴС޸ĸ˰ǰٰչˡ

Ҫͬңῴ񡣡ָֻ
ǰˣÿɱˣΪͯ꣬űˡ
ЦˣۣҪܱ˵񣬻ҪԼġ
ѵ㲻Ҳôߡߡ
ǣֻˣˣ޴ӽ⣬ҴΪߣҿԺĸ㣬һͦĵġ
Ұˣ᲻⣿
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Ȼ⡣
ϲӣҪ˵Ҫô죿
Ҹ˵Դ㶺ˣԴˮˣΪմ͵ԴȻλ𣿳ѡ˳Զûлᡣ
ôţ
Ȼ
˵Ļ
ˮܽǰĵġΪţ顣
ˮܽȻһЦ˵ô֪֣࣬ʲô
ɽҵ֡







44ˮܽĸ

ˮܽԶӻе硣
תȥξ
ξǱ׼ľڳھУƤɹɹͭɫ
ͻȻתˮͥˣ֪⽫ʲôʱôŮӡ
ֻܴؿú
ˮܽûԼͣ硱
ˮͥһ߹ȥһ߽ʵãôô˵ģֱк֢ôôСģ
ˮܽȥҲΪż̫ˣŲСľˤˣȻ־ˣѾ˵ûд󰭡
ˮͥ˿żһ㶼ߣֵô͵ż㶼ˤ̫СˣСľͷˣĻҪúõرԼ
ˮܽĻЩ죬Ҳûоʲôףֻһ߿ӡ
ˮܽŸţˣֿһԣŸ磬죬ýʶһѣ
ٴα۾ɱģŮ˵ĹϵֲãôôԼ֣
ǣξķϣˣһߵǰˮͥЦ󽫾ãáʶѡ漸֣ҧгݵ˵ġ
ˮܽƤЦⲻЦˮͥ񿴵վǰöĲһﻹΪõĺѡ
Ӣ۰ŮˮͥҲ⣬Ů͸Ӳˡ
ˮͥͥͿˣˮܽûʲôѣԺˮܽͲôįˡ
룬ǲôįˣԺκôįæЦȻȻˮܽԺҪǡµįˡңҿԸƵġ
ˣͥڴлˡ
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ÿƺûпߣת𷽣֪ٿʲô
ЦͥѾ򿴹ˣ˵Ϣˡ
˵꣬ߵߣ֣ͥˮܽ˵ҵӣةŮ񡣡
תͥˮܽϣ΢΢Цšõ֣ĶߵѾҽܹˣ˵ˡ
Цţ΢΢ؿ˵๫𣿡
ⲻǻûеʱûгס
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ˮֻ֪ܽõδӣȴ֪ǵةŮһʱ졣ˮͥҲˮܽһʧЩողĶŮתۼ䣬Ѿޣ֪
ˮͥæ񣺡ԭǽˣʧʧ
ˮܽҲϵǿκα飬ûѹϲ
񿴵ˮܽӣЦſõļˣҲʲôˣֻޣҵķ룬ԺǻԽ񡣡
øоԼӿ۸оûˡӡԹԵУ۵ػ๫
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ˮͥվǵֲסˣͥ¾뿪ˡ
ˮܽһҪ뿪öţȻ£Ҳǣȥæɡ
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ˮܽˮͥߺ
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ЦŵϽˡ
ҲЦˣҾͲҪˡ
̾Ϣǿôźأ㲻ңҷ㲻ҪңͲҪǿҽڡ
ǰҪŵ㣬Ҫÿ챻ιñģˣ֮ԼֱӲִˣʱҿɾͲҪˡ

ϵ·Ժɲ㱧ŮˣȻҾĲҪˡ
ԴˣţдԵȵջζĶ
ǰҿ㱧űŮˣͺ޲ðӵ
˵ӵԺҪҪ죿
ȻԿ
ҪǱأ
Ҳ뱧ţ
ǣⲻǿǵʹʱ𣿱˵վŮܵҪԮְɡ
⿼ǡ
ܰԵ
ǰ˵ûгͱˣתЩȴԥϲİԵϲ㿴ϱ˵ζ
ԭҪ˵Ķһȫߣ˳ЦݣԼġĽسȥΪȥ
Լʧתͷź֣˵ôôôô㻹᲻һңʹۼ˵νġʵ㻹ô
ˮܽ뵽ЩһеŮˡܶӾŮΪ˵õݺ˵飬ЩܲҲ̶á
ҽǣЩŮ˳ɹˣǳɹ˱˵ĹϵȻû롣
Ӵమ˻ɣԹޡ
ˮܽһĻԼ᲻Ҳ
ҵȻ㡣
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ţȫ˶ң㻹ô
ҵȻġôˣΪʲôôֵ⣿һ̣Ĵ飬һֱΪǸǿˣΪЩ鵣ģԭûУֻز©
룬˵Ǻֵ⣬֮ȴܿܵ飬Լĸ飬뷨ҲͶˡ
ֻǣʶ롣˵ȥˡ
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Ű飬ҵ氮һ㣬ҲѡҲ֪ҲڿͱŮһʱ̣ͻʧȥǣﻹ˵üš
ʱ򰮻һʧȥǣɵϡҪǲܣҪʱ䡣
һ氮ܿ϶
Цôô϶أ
̾һΪϣһû˰Ұ㰮̣һȥ㡣
֪ЦôɣȴΪʧ䡣ԼϲԼİһ˺˵˵Ͳ
ЦϣؿΪ˵ĻԵʮض࣬￴Լ
ǰϣһԼˡڣ˶˵Ҫþȥ֪˿Ǿϲġ
һ˰ôܵʲôûзء
Ȼıȴ̫ЦԼľϲһ˵ôһ仰ҾúܸжҰ㣬ҸҾͰ㣬Ұ㣬᲻ҸҾֻϲ㡣Ļȴʧɫˡ
˭˵ģ衣
ģ仰Ƕ˵ġЦ
ӳ㻹Ц
ӿĵЦԭҲẦߣΪһ񣬴Ϊһᰮ㡣
̾һǰǰôõģǺҷԽԽĺãҾͿʼûˡ
Ҳû˵ôãһʼҰٰĲ㳶ϹϵӵλҺܺ¡
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û㣬ҲúܺãǰҲǹúܺ𣿡
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շʡһͳȥҹ䡣
һɻǣʮʣһᡣ
ŮƵƵǿתͷãԭǿԱλһġ
ļ֪ʲôζܶ˿㰡
ֻҪ㿴ңҾˡ
ֱǺ«һƤһЦǮЦЦóͭǮϰ塣
һԳţƺԼıǺ«ܴѵӣЦʵ԰
ԭҲϲǺ«ǿԵӣװڴӣš
Լȥ
ϰ˵ؿãڴٴǮȻȴûп
ίҾҪһϵġ
˿Ǻ«˿ӣȥҧһڰɡ
˵Ͳȥ۾ƲۣҧسűǺ«Цʣó𣿡
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ЦžҪתȥסֵؿؿֽͣţ֪Ҫʲô
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ԭҪͣ˼Լֲһ顣
մˡҡҡнʣһǺ«˵
Ȼһתͷȥ
ۣôôĹ᣿ţͻȻˣʱ᲻ȥˣǰҲˣ֪ֻֿķܡ
ϸˣֻͿҪʱþͰѹסˣǹһ߶ôУһֿ
񿴵񣬲ҲӣֹãùߵǰӣŹǲ᣿
ǹûнУֻͣͷ۾·˵ǡЦͷôԶҲܸ㻹治鹷ˣҵң͸ҡ
ҲӿŹĹ
Цǰ㿴Ưɡõ˵ͷ⹷ȷʵ䣬һʼΪҪ˺ԭĹ
кܶ⣬ȥٸ˵
һ·̫ЩˣҪȥŻȥʱ꣬ûдɡͶһҲˡ
죬꣬ԵЩˣԼ˫磬æԼ·ϣţ۾ůһ㡣
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뵽Цʱ򣬾ͻЦ
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۾ϢĺϷ
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Χ˽Ķˣɡ･أԽԽˡ
ÿŲԶǸϤӰϲʧ䡣
ϲԲôվ˯ˣʧܼˡ
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˶ֶ֣ˣʱ̫ˣزŷ֡
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ʶԼȻڴ֮ͥ˯ˣĸΣﻳյôûͣ
ٿźüɡ
ܣһ飬ͻȻһӰЩϤֿһ顣
˺ڷᶼϰ۾ԼӦòлþɡ
Ǹ΢Цסѵǣ
˹ȥԽԽӰԽɣϣ
ЦﻹǵҰ
ڷᶼ裬ڶǵãϲӣǶãʮֺÿ
ϷϴλˣΪô
ЦϲϿ￴
˾赸ȻˣððͲ֪ûҡ
ߵϵǰųʮ޵ϣͿʼ
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Цˣϣҽą֪̃մ
ϵϾͿˡ
ԭ뿴裬ǿڣ⣬û˵
ÿӣ֪ʲôЦϵ˵ߣδ̧֪ܸܲţƼݵ£Ҳһ۸
ôһ˵ҲȸԾǰǰҲ뿴ء
õһۣЦš






46

ЦˣΪͷ裬ϵңϵȻԸ⡣
ԭΪϻѵģȻӦˣû뵽ʯͷԼĽ治ζڴֲľֻܾӦ
עôֻ֪࣬ϵúãȻҪͣﻹ˵üԴס
һģ̸۹赸ò岻ϻֻվһԿ̸˵ء
ЦŵȻϡ
ΪʲôǰЦôģ
Ϊʲôôὲôûнꣿ
񵽵Цʲô赸Ҫѧ϶
ôû˵ꣿ
׻Ҫã
̲סˣһʹЦŶϵҿʱ䲻ˣǻǻȥɡ
֣ߵЦҪҸѶ㡣
Բţ֪ȴûٽ͡ϣͲ
ʲôαط˼ȥͣ
ص˽ϵס£ý
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ϣڷᶼģ˵ҵףʵǶ赸оͣûʲô㲻ҪҺôɣֻѹ
ӵ뻳УͷľѣôأҲãҾͻ룬ͱһ˵ҾͲسԴףɼˣݽȥˣֻҪ΢һ㣬ҾͲܡ
̾һһԵˣһҲͱŮһҲܡıģҲԸѹʱһЩǱȻģܲûһѰɣ
Ӧףô⣬һеģǲһɶûУ
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ϣ޹ؽҪֻϲ赸룬㣬ȴһϲˡ
ģҸò֪ƣֻͣһ˵ϲһα⡣
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裬ǻҪҪʵСѹͲ
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Ϊôͷõӣ³ܻӭˣΪܹѾǳˡ
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֪ʣɣȻǲ֪ϲϲˣ֪Ǵʲôʱʼϲ㣬ҲΪһܿģΪ㶷ҺܿģΪңϲҸжҡ㡱˵ص
𣿡ѹԼֻһֻþĻ
жһͿԼϵÿһϸ
ôˣƺ̫Ծ
Ŭգ۾æ˵ûʲôֻǸо̫Ҹˡ
һЦǶôˣôУƫƫϡ
仰Ӧ˵ŶԣЦˣôУûһҲûгһϧҸ
ˮܽ˵˽˳裬׼Ÿһ
սͿʹ󽫾˵ЦˮܽԾüͷ
վߵŮˣ˿վߵˣöôã
ˮͥҲãһμͲĽ֮ģ˵δ֮ľ֪Ϊʲôµûš
˿̿ͽһңףԭʡǼʽģԼһ
ø磬áˮܽЦݣˡ
Цϣ֣Ůˡ
ˮܽϣԺҪٽø磬ͽн˵ϵЦȥ
ҲϲˮܽôУ˳ĻˮܽԺҽɣҪøøĽˣá
ҪϲƺΪˮܽҲá
ˮܽϺίˮܽѽԼôеģѵҵ𣿽ͥ˹ϵôãҰ㵱ڼҴ磬ʲôãΪãԴףԲŲôеģ
ˮͥæǳˮܽˮܽôô˵ѾҵˣôȻףԺǽнС³ç뽫
ͥ˵Ƚϰãôôͬһһᡣ
ûû˵ڣˮܽͽӿڵѵôǰôвǺúõôһҾƺҪģѵõĴ׾ôҶŹ
ǰԭˣһĲˡֻһСŮһø磬Ȼ⣬ҲС֮ˣֻˮܽŮ˵ֶΣǼģĿĲ˼ƾʲôҪôУⲻԼô
ܼͥã̫ˡðѻǰˣˮͥ治ÿ˵ˮܽ䡣
ˮܽģˮܽ΢ԲŲҵÿҽһø綼ã
Ůˣŭ̫ԼֻҲ˵óڡ
ˮͥ򽫾ɻ󣺡ˮܽΪ磬ôϴӦ
ÿˮͥװɵ治ף
ͬһӪʵˣ治˼ֵ֮飬ˮܽҲȷʵ̫ˡ粻֪ʲô⣬Ҳ塣ǲֻᱻͥᡣǴҪô񽻴
ѵΪˮܽĳͥõû񣿡ˮͥʮֲÿ
ˮܽͷӣ̧ͷ棬ǲǲΪ֪Ķ
ȻͥǲӦ´Ӵ֮᲻ð졣ɡ
ֻһ֣Ժ͵Ҷ
ã˵ӦɣԺ͵ͺˣԺǺܿͻؾҲ˶ˡ
üͷѾ˵ˣôأֻöˮܽˣˮܽԺõĸãϣ㲻Ҫء
ˮͥһֱͷˮܽˣˣ߰ɡ
ˮܽѾ뿪ıӰЦˣл硣






47¼ı

һ赸񿴵Ĳɡ
ϵ赸ǰȥȴҲ㡣
ǰЦû֦չˮܽĶµûšΪʲôһһԼѵС
һֶҪԴף
ֱ裬Ƿ·ʲôûпƵأǰֻһζƬƮ
ƬﶼˮܽЦͷӣƵóѵӡ
Ϊ֣һ죬Ʋ֡
Ĳɼ
⼸ˮܽʮڿ죬̬ȸʮ˴ת䡣
һֱͣõؽţеķе
ǰʱǱֵһõӡ
ŪףŮ˵ڸʲô
ǲʲôñȽϸ˵飬⼸죬ˮܽƺĹࡣ
ѵӹţ
ǡ
ããһȥòã
Լȥɡ
һȥɡҲҪһȥ̧ͷȥˮͥöڡ
룺ðɣҲȥ
ϡ
񿴵˿عϣҪԵعϣˮܽҲҪԡ˱һߵع̯ϡ
ţˡ
ţȴˮܽԼõĵعϸá
ø磬԰ɣְġ
ԥţЦŶװģһԺòã
Цϵĵعҧһڡϲ̵ؿԵ㣬ƲˮܽϣֻԼĵعƵسš
ͻȻá
ߵһСӵʱͻȻһȺӿһʱ㲻⵽Ϊİ㡣
һ˵Ϳʼ򣬼˿ʼˮܽ书档
˺һҲ֪ͣҪʲôʱ
սپȻЩȴԣعء
ͻȻһˮܽȥǰһֻոպϡ
ˮͥһʱ˷˹
룬ˮܽΪһ̣Ĳ֪ʲôζ
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ãڻͥߣһ˶Ը
˿һ۷ɿؿϷɱüҪҲҪһ
ߴ˵Ͽ죬ҪϿֹѪҪʧѪ࣬ô죿ûµģȥɡ
˵ţ
ÿѪˮܽںˮͥһߡСֻһˡ
һֺ˿úˮͥߺҲ׷ȥˣŵǺЩżˡ
ôӿԼİ籣еļȫڰС˳Ű籣һӣȫ˻ȥ
ȻվǹѲڣһֻ
˿棬ոջվŵȫˣԼļ
ʹȥһصĺˡ
˭ɱң
Щ˴û뵽Ҫɱ˾Ȼˣһʱ侹˵

ˣǸг𣿡
ҡͷ
Ǳɱҵģ
ͷ
ǶǮ
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ԼѪ֣ǣҸʮֻҪǸҹͿˡ
һ˵ǲģʹ֪˭ҪɱôҸеģûãѾ֪书ֵǣҪɱҪ㣬ǲ˵֡
ô˵ӦҲΪȲŸ飬ǵʶ칫𣿡
һ˵칫ӣ˵Ŀݵ칫ӣ
΢΢ȣԭҲ֪ҿλҲĻˣǸλұȥ칫ӣ칫ӻǹġ
˿Ǹͷɻ󣺡칫ӵʲôˣ칫Ļ𣿡
һ۰
˵ļϼжģأнҩȥ
ͲĹ˵²ͷֹͱɱ㣿
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ӻóһСƿӣ˿ǽҩ滹д֡
һ㣬ҲԷˡ
˵ļ˵òأǵ˸һҽݡ
пôˣΪɱڵģŵö˺þãŸ̽ͷ
˿ڣúöˣǣһһڰ
ʱп֣ղŻɱˣȴҽݡ
ⶾˣʼ˼˭Ҫأ
¡
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Ȼǲ˵պ˭˵
ˣûˣǿ˵ˡ
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Ϊʲô۾ɨˣһı飬֪ûϴˡ
ΪһȺõˣóŵһ죬ȻֻҵĿպҷǲˣҾͲˣң칫õѣҵĻȻǻģֻҪǵ˾ǣҵƸȻҵл£ͻᰲ£ȥǵ·ѣûеĻһǳֻϣԺٸɱƵˡ
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ʵǼôƺ
ͷ˵ҽлҶְѼλֶͬ˵һ顣
ͷ˵ֻ֣ǿˡǮǣǻϲϲؽˣֱл
ˣмǲҪ뿪ɻǣֹǣ˾ǣûܹˡ
õģֵܼһ¹Ĵ¡
Ǳߣ͸л˵칫ӵĺģȻ֪ôˣһҪסˡ
ͷлͨعˣ󼸸СֵҲŹ¡
һ󾪣ô£
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֮ˣ˼˵
Сֻ˵֪֪治֪ģǺõġ
һæ
ˡ˴ת䴦ʧˡ
վԭأת䴦
ǻˡ֪ˮܽôˣ






48˻

ߵʱǡ
ߵԣС㣬ˣˡ
󾪣ѵǱѾʼˣ
ʲô£
㲻֪ôлûи㣿ѾּؽΡ
һ𣺡ô᣿ҵӦûзʲô
ƸϢΪһɰҷġ
⻰
Ҫҷͽҷˣڣֱڱ¡˼ֱ
ҲôΣʹ£˭Ҳò׼Ҫ࣬ҲôС㣬Ǳϻؾǡ
ûаΣ
СģʱѾһЩ˻ˣİȫǿԱ֤ģ˽֣ҲӲǵ۾
ͺãҾµܿ࣬һ£дһֽ˰͵ҵ飬еˡ
ɻľ¥˵Сиض˵Ļ߽²һƱȷѻ͸á
˺ͺһ·³ȥˡ
úˮͥ˹򶼲Ӧǿȫ˵ġˮܽеļҲҪλãӦòµġ
ת뿪һ̣Զ뵽һתԺͬİ·
ʱһתȴǣʹûдʱԮȣúˮͥܿͰ˺˵׷١
˵ʱˮͥˮܽܵ˽Ѿ˰ȫɻҽˡ
ˮܽؿˮͥ죬ϵʹʹ˵Сࡣ
磬ǲǿˣ
ģã˵᳤꣬Ÿõģֻ˼˶룬ô׾ˡ
ΪʲôҾҿҪˣҵĺʹ磬ҵĺʹ
ô˵æ뵽ķĵš
磬ͣסˣҺ۰磬ͣͣ𣿡˵ԽԽ飬ˮͥﻹõ˵Ļֻһߡ

֪ǲˮͥǣ˿ڣˮܽͻȻ
ͬʱŵؿ
ôˣ
ôˣ
һѵز̧ˣҡܡҸоҿ첻ˡ磬Ұѻ˵ɡ
ã㲻µģ㲻ҪҰˮˣôôǿأһܶȥš
ÿˮܽҲʮֽҲΪ˵ģô˵ҲһΣȿĻһΪģȴû뵽Ϊ
ˮܽһõģ㲻Ҫ˵ѾˣϾôΪưɡ
ˮܽЦãø磬ҲԺҲˣ㻹ǲԸҲĿġ
㲻Ҫһ˿ڱѻ᲻õġ
ѾͺˣɣһҲܵõҪġؿ
ѪʼӿʪѣѪʹͥ
ã֪֪˵ʲô㲻иڵһ죬Ͳ֪ô
磬һѾû˼ˣȻˣҲһ߿տǣ磬ҽ˰ɣһź۰˾ͽˡ
˵ʲô粻粻ˣҪô죿ôôأ㻹и簡һֱ߰ôû˼أ㲻˽ΪɸԺҲˣô˵Ĺģô룿
һŬس˳ǣЦúǣǿҰ˲ң쿴Ҹ֣ҵһ㶼ζҵ𣿸磬ҡܹΪõһͿˣҲˣҲˣӴԺҲõҵĴڻκв
⻰˼ʵ̫þȣȻġ
ȻʮҲκεԹԣʹؽøƺҲû˵仰
ˮܽ㲻Ҫ˵ǲģοԵ˵Ҳ֪ôˣͥտˮܽȥˡ
Ҫߡ
߰ߣҾ㿴ΪʲôΪֹ㻹ǲңΪĻΪ㣬ȥΪõ֪ʲôΪҰˣˣǿԳ֮ΣΪʲôôɵҪ
һӲıӰΪ㣡Ϊ㣬ŵңΪʲôǿҵأҪҪڿҵģ涼װʲô
ˮͥʮܣˣΪʲôǨһء
ûµġҿĹ֮£ˮܽˣһ£ɡ
ʮУܲͥĻ
أ
᲻£Ϊʲôûл

飬תͷͥöˡ
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ˮܽĵӿһ뷨ץסھץסǴ˿ûץסԺûлˡ
磬Ҳ֪ԼܻܲʵһԸ
˵ԽԽˣȽϼ˾ˣСҲˡ
㲻ģŸ磬һԻñҳ˵ɣʮԸҲӦ㰡
һҪøס
ҲŭһӾˡ
ˮܾܽίֻҪҾһʽУֲĺҳףΪô࣬ѵһ׵ʽϸ㲻ϣԸҲҪƣ˰ˡˮͥ̾ãҵˣôҪ󣿡
檻𣿡
˵˲оǲУʲôУֻһ˵ɷҲֻΨһӣ˭Ҳ޷ıġŮ̫ԼǶҪŮ˸辡ˡ
磬ֻˣ粻Ҫãɣ˾ͲҪˡر۾ɫ԰ףŵͥһӾͻˡ
һ־ûУôܲţ
ÿˣӦͺˣҲֻһʽԺޣ㻹ķˮܽı֮Ĺϵģˣ͵˰ɣٲƣѱˣ͵ˡ
ĵģΧһƬš
ˮܽɫԽԽ԰ףˮͥҲˣųǲӦҵԺ¾޷ٹˡ
·һ͵תת˹ɫ԰׵ˮܽ۾ҴӦˡ
ˮͥϲæű۾ˮܽӦˣھʹȥھʹȥһõġ
õӰʧǰõ۾ˣؿǽϡ
Ȼ֮䣬еļضΪһЦϡ
Цᶼˡ
ֻһʽЦͷͷ۾ʹգûˮ
Ϊʲô
İ飬ûвκζÿκˣҲÿʲôݡ
ֻһʽ
ȴںʽ






49

ϣС˵Ҫ׷Щˣ»ϣҪóȥֹղɻ¥ĵСͻ˵См¾ˣؾȥˡ
ģΪˮܽѾŪͷѪҪ֪С飬»᲻ʰ
СϵҪԣ֪ġ
תͷƺĻ̫ţ˵ôĸ׷ȥôûиȥҪʲô⣬ܸ𣿡
һ֣̿¡¸ȥ׷
š
߽һ˶ʮ۾һƬȻȥ׷ˣôվ˵ɣС㵽ȥˣûˣڰȫ𣿡
֪ѾȻˣžǲˣӵĿ⣬ɵõͷ¸СǻؾȥˣϷģСûˡ
ؾȥˣΪʲô
Ҳףֻ˵м£ľʲôû˵ˡ
˭ģ
ɻ¥ĵСµġ
ϡԶӰ̾ȥҲûãǵСֻ˵⼸仰
ȥǵСǵСĻһޡ
֮⣬û˵أȷ𣿡
СͷۣѾ仰˲֪ٱ飬Ҫ֪ôܲأ
Сľֻ˵ʲôû˵СĲǴġ
ʲôû˵ﲻ֪ôˣȻʧȥʲôƵء
߳ɻ¥Ŀĵڽϣˮܽ˵Ļ˵Ļ໥ļ䡣
ôҲ˲
֪Ѿߵ类Χĵطÿ˿ݶ
ˮܽļ
ŵʱ龰źߺֻһ˶ԸЩˡ
ôأʲôվʲôطЩ׶ˣ
ЩûжףǷܹţ
վȥƽյʱ龰ӿô
Щǽڣϸϸؿȥ·Ҳ㼣
ӣһ˹¶ôˡ
ġ
ʹʧȥ˸оؿƵģƺסˡ
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𣿡
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СĸղѾ˵ˣСûκλҪСİ
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Сŵˣֱûа
üûУ˵
ǵСֻϸϸȻһĨɫ۾УСĿǹϰŰײƺǱˣƺСˣҿǹж簡
Ȼˣʧطſȥ
ˣڵòԼԭԼô뿪ġ
Ϊ˵һ仰˵ʲôˣȻһôԣ
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ԽԽԭԼض㣬ʧǣһжֲ
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һ˵ġ
˵ˮܽߣȻӳʱ䳤Щ˿ڲ̫ЩǵƣѾΣգҲѾ˯ˡ
ˮͥڴ
ðôԣٲġ
˵˿û˼ԲΣգѾˣ˿ҲҩˣٳҲѹ
ȥĻˣǸ̸ЦŮӣ΢΢ڴ
ȻҲ书ƺ书Ҳǳϵġ
ˮܽ˵ҪͿҪʱΪĿԵõ
֪Ѿϴͻˣȴû뵽ǸͷһЦĵŮӣǵةŮ
ͥѾָһɫˮܽЦЩ
ԭڴġ
ˮܽ˵ʱһ̣֪ΪʲôƺЩϲԼЩ⡣Ǳˣ϶ģðһи֮򣬶˻ôܹ鷢أ
ǽ죬Լÿڿ˵Ҫ޸ʱģеԭȫۿۡ
û뵽ü޸˽᲻Ҹ
û뵽ǷҪȢˮܽ
ûеΣΪԼ롣
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ȢõĻôǷϣأ
֪ԼΪʲô뷨Ϊʲôôȷ׵Ļͻϣ
ҲЦݣһ׷ΨһŮӡ
Ҳļʣˮܴ֮ܽ谭֮Ҳ߲ȥ
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ܡ
ϸϸžԼ˽ˡ
֮飬ýδӦˮܽĻ£Ȼֻһʽȴʹ಻롣
֮飬Ȼˮܽһͷ˽İ棬԰Σȴһֽƽӡ
ҲͲ
Ȼ
ڴȴ롣
ˮܽŽҲҸģȻҪģһѣкβأ
Ҳһжӹš
̾䣬оˣתͷȥ˽
֪䣬ǻƻ裬ôãȻûκη
˽Ҳûпˮܽôֻ̧˿ͥôˣ
ͥվļ򣺡˵ֻҪúϢͺˣûʲô󰭣úÿɡ
оͥˣſڣòջĿ⣬ֻԶԶվţŴϵӰļȫʹ
ô
һΪĿĲݵŮˣ
һΪ˰ԼĵŮˣ
һΪԼҪĶԲֶεŮˣ
ΪֻСŮֻǰ԰Ϊĺ֡
ΪĻֻЦͲ
ƺӡ
תȥԽԽʹġ
ʱⲻȥô࣬һʮСŮôأǵƤ
ǵʵʱķŭﵽ˼㡣
ȻҪĸ顣ƾҲ֪ԼԼмＸ
Ȼ񣬾ͻôΪ˵Ļı䡣
Ҫ̵ĻԼһ㡣






50ı

ˮܽʱֻѾߣͥҲá
С㣬ˣԼС㶯ӣæʵ
ˮܽ˿ΧֻһˣЩʧ䣬Ϊٸڵġ
ҪˮˮܽҪСط
С㣬㲻ҪҶ˿ȻˣǻҪúõһ˵һˮ
ˮܽ˶ֿ˿ԼļȻʹѾöˡ
ܿͰˮ͵ԣˮˣ΢΢ƣüͷҳȥᣬƵý
˴ΪţСոˣź˵㣬ǲҪ߶ĺá
ƣֻһᣬֲô㲻ҪôšĸҲĻæȥ
ճţһʯĿá
һᣬúͥʶô
Сָλ󽫾Ļ˵ҪС㣬ӣ˵ˣСúϢС㡣
ãѵ鲻Ϊ˾ͦˣѵһ㶼֪
һִʯϣһôԡ
Ժİ裬ȻǶԺסԺסͬһԺ䣬ԺǲҲüҲü
ʰʰǰᵽԺȥס
ԺסĵطСôסɻ󣺡С㣬ûС᲻ᵼ¡
ˮܽȻʲôѵܸҲɣҡˮܽҪȢӣסԺѵסԺ
ѵͷ̧õ͵͵ģū澲˼ֻС㻹δţֻ½ʡ
ҲܣԺҵķ⽫ҲһҵģǵĸҰסľסģأ
˵Ѿؾˡ
ãһ¾ͰᣬҪؿԺԶ뿪ҡ
ô˵ȥֻʰ˶ᵽԺȥˡæһ죬صԺ߽鷿һļͷ濴
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53

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˫˫һˣˣϣ
ȻãһҲô˵˫˫Ҳô˵ԴкȻһ뷨
б˵ʱࡣ
ƽһΣȻڴϱһŮָţ˵صŮƺûʲôΪŮ˵ֱ
Ϊ˵оɳܡ
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54¥

˵ʮֺЦЦ
˫˫ɹذŰݣգҲ⣬ץôݵǲרҵİǺܾûмˣȥòãˡ
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˫˫ţܳʲô飿ҪҼա
Ϊѵؿ⡭ҵһٸ˵ˡ
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µα˫˫С㣬ĳ˰ƮƮԺһӾ;Ϊˣչʮ˴͵ĶԻһĬһޱ˷ܡзɴĶ

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˫˫ƺЩͲ˵ֻǵͷʹؿ˿ڣͻȻЩţ˫˫żƳȻЩС
ΪѣӦøǣǽ˵óڣѵһۣôΪСֵò죬ˣȷʵΪֻСˣ޷ġ
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񣬺˫˫ŵ촽ܲζ
˫˫Բ𡣡֪һжĴûн˫˫˫˫һǹġ
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£ʶ˵տƾ¶⣬һҪⴲϡ
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˫˫ԶߵıӰЦҲô͸㵱أ
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˫˫ĵϷŮˣ
񣺡ʵģҪǿȡᣬ˫˫ŻҪŹһϷˡ
Ǹ¶׺ݵ
˫˫ƿڴϹĹֻۣ۾Ůˣٳã˵ҵϷ˵ôͷϣҧˡ
Ǹ˫˫ôһ˵̣޲þҪȥ˫˫ˡ
֮ҵŮˣӲԺҪȢˣҪٸҶˣү󾯸һΡ
˫˫ôһ˵㳰ҪǸ֪ˣ㻹ȢСô˵ңСӣŲء
ʶӡ
ǸݵϹȥ־Ҫ˫˫˫˫Щ书һӾͶ˹ȥ
񿴲ͣ
ҺضǸˣ½ԸǿȡĻҶȥ
Ǹ˿װʮֿ˻Ůˡ
񿴵һֻħצֿ췴ֹͰ˵˦˳ȥ
֣ű˦ȥˣ﹫ӣ˵ص㣬ȻҲˡ
ʵѾЩˣֻǰס
˫˫˳һŲ˵ϣûվȾ͵ˣ˫˫һŶϡ
ж㻵쵰ժϣ˵Ժ󻹸ҲҸŮˣ
˫˫˵úܷߺޣ֪ŮԵĻôһ̼䣬ζƺС
ܹ˫˫æ˫˫ſźŵƨߡ
˫˫ԶӰϲ̵תˡ
εؿһۣһǡ
Ҳ񣬸ζһƳˡ
˫˫ԭϲģû뵽ǾҲûбʾʾ






58±

˫˫£ֻиȥҡͷʹЦ֪ʲôʱѾһҡҡζ
˫˫Īؿһۣô£
񿴵ǰҪĵطˣһˡ˵գζؿ˫˫һۡ˫˫ûи㶮һƳ˼ֱӸˡ˫˫ͷ˿棬һҲ̤Сȥˡ
˫˫󣬺Ȼһô֪лݳ˶֪Ȼ֪Ҳ̫˰ɡ
Цʮֿģ˵ģ˵лȻҪģһѵˮ͵ԳԣĶ̫ˣ
˫˫һۣô˼Ҳ֪һ˱ڹ
ֻЦЦһ̤żѾϸϸ˿ˣ˫˫ûУڵء
˫˫˶䣬ȻⲻҵԺô
Ц˫˫ˣÿʱﶼлģֻҽȥ㶼μӰˡ
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˵ȻһһҰջãڲѽڣôľջôã
Խ߹ȥĻȻһת䴦Ϳˡ
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ֻ֮ˣ̬ӯǼһȻʶλˣǿɢϢ;˺С
ӣʲôҪĹƷζô
Ц
˿ʼܵԵƬ֮󣬾ͻӣμม
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仰ǳ䣬˫˫һۣС㡱
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ղ֪һӾʹۿۡ
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һ߳ŹƷһ죬оʮ⡣ҲǺܣֻ˫˫һĥӡ
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赸ҲˣȺƺЩ˷ܡ
˵Ҫȫ˶վ룬Ҳվˡ
ֻһǻĿĹӺ͹Ϊ飬վһߣվһߣѡӣҲѡŮϣһϷúõĶн뿴ߵĹ档
Ц˫˫벻μӣ
˫˫һһҾͲμӺˡ
Цһͺˡ
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˳ˣ˫˫Ͳ棬ʲô˲ģҴȥһĵط
Щ棺ʲôط棿
˫˫Źӣȥ˾֪ˡ
˫˫֪ŪƥŲһ͵ˡ
Щ䡣˫˫ƺ˷ܣ
߽ȥԽ߽ȥԽ䣬Щģ澿ʲôΪʲôô䰡Ҳƺûнӡ
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䲻סȦסԼļ򣬶Ҳʼ
˫˫֪Ϊʲôһ㶼ӡ
˫˫ǶˣòһѰɣ̲סķ֡ôоһܻƵء
˫˫ôطİɭ
Ĵ˿ǽЩĺۼٿǽƺԼԼЩڻƺǳϡ
һǱڻһͨȻбڻúܺãƺЩϡ
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˫˫ǰߴ٣ֻúţ㰡Ҫô졣
˫˫ҷʱҲú֣ˬӣȴ쳣ǵҽȥʱ򣬲ףԭɺÿĹƵء
һĹôܣ
Ҳһŵӡ
˫˫㿴֪ˣ治бĺۼбкβɣô͡
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Űɣôõ䷽Ҳֻһԡȥ;ůġ
ףģ
ҲԼ忪ʼů˫˫ҩЧųȥ͸оůˡ
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ʵǺ£Ȼڣĵط˾úÿֲرĻ
˫˫ǲҲ¹ɭϲǧٹֵĶԵ˵ֲܿʱͻȻðһ䣺ú氡
ֻ۾һֱڿܱߣӭСһ·ϵıڻƺûжϹǽϵıԽԽԽԽ
Ų̫ǽڣ˫˫лô
˫˫ʲôû׼̸ʲôӣֻοû£ܿͿԿˡ
һ·
Щ£ظܱ߾ˣ˵лÿһŲÿһʹһ紵ݶҲ޵طŴ
Ū񲻰
Ȼţϲ֪ʲôһţŵˤúǱֿΧֿǽϣǻȥɣÿ°
˵䣬˫˫һŵɢ
Ҳˡ
˫˫ͷˣǰˣƯ
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ߵһת䴦Ȼխĵ·˿ˣǿĹߴӱ
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Ҳŵˣ˫˫Χȥ˽ȥ˿źı
ﲻ֪ʲôݴʱ˿飬ֻ޵𺳡
Ҳ̫ȣ̫˷ܣһ˲ʮʱʱصĺʮ






59·

˺ı˫˫ôֵģǳ£״ǰĹ̵ġ
Щ񻹻ᷢԼԼĹڻ˾ͽˡֻһ˿飬ûдı顣
⵽ô£ΪʲôģȴдѣұǱ˵̹ģȻǳ£ߺġ
ô֪ģ
طô䣬ôᵽģú֣ڣƺһҶڵĵطƺĵطôҵõ
һΰҸ˴ܰȻ׷ɱСľͷˣЩ˿ûˣΪˣҵʱǶģ֮Ҿ;ˡ
˫˫Χֿһͨ˷ܵؽҵһͨˡ
˵ĻæϹȥ˫˫̽С
ˢˢġŲԽԽ
һδ֪ǵĽŲԽԽᡣ
Ȼǰÿǰƺšģ˫˫Ҫ˫˫ĽŲˣַߡ顱˲˵
֣ʮֺ£ȥֲң˵˫˫ȳȥ֪ǿ϶ôͳȥģֻõսľظš
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߽һŷԭаɫˮ档ȿŵŮˣ˲Ŵһ
ǡ񲻿ŵؿˮŮˣôԼһһ
ô
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廹ֵ÷ǳã·ǰһ̣Ƶء뵽ȻԼһţ
ϸˣţѾˡܿûκεı仯ɱֵúԭһϣû˵Ϣ
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ۼôţּֽ̯ϸ˿ֽǸղŵֽȴһֶûСţû֣ôҸղ֡
ҲùȥſհֽŶһҲûСﰵѵлþ
ҡҡͷȻͷеΣ˰̫ѨЩԺ˫˫ǻȥɡ

ǰͬĻ棬оԼƮƮġ
Ȼɫɫ˴ǰ߹ȻЩȴʹضû˷ЩɥȻӭһˣƺʶ
㣬㡱Ǹڽô̧ͷ
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Щӣò˰ʹҪܣôܲȻ
ҪҪҲвֻʹ
Ȼ˽
Ѱ˫˫
۾ԽԽǰ˫˫ˣɻô
գһȥǸѣһ㳤һһԺ󣬲ͻ赹ˣǾͳˣͻԲѣˣ֪ôźã˼򣬶˵û£Ѳ
ѣƺеӡˣǣǸŮġ
ԺӡԽԽô赹أ˫˫Ҳֽ֣˵ҪȥȻεˣŵȻæȻԲѰ컹ûΣҵСĸζŵˡ
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ǰԭ㻹˵Ҫ棬ںˣⴲ϶˿ˡ
ŴϦ̾ǡ
ˣҲѾ˱ĵʵõ𣿡
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˫˫࣬͹С˵ģҲ̫û˼ˣǸɴȥԴͰɣ͵ǽУҪˡ
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ţõúܣõˡ
˵䣬СѾͷиˡ
Ӧɡ˵䣬Ѿˡ
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Ȼöӿʼտˮһͣ񵰳һ
ָǱӶ˫˫޵ҧгݣڲʲô
˫˫һ¡
ķӦò£϶кҩ
˫˫װһôı鿴ۣҲˣҩҹ㣬ǳȥأҪйһءʵӦýСҹй
Ȼô󣬺кҩǷǳ飬ܺЩײǽĳ嶯
ôôåأ˵åҲԩåۡ޻˵˵ټʹҴҵˡһЦòĽųŮͷۣôࡣ
˫˫ŽԶıӰЦͷŵˣֻ˵Ĺ¼ੲݣ˵Ц
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ˣһһЦû찵ء
ʾΣѣĴԲĴ






60뿪

һ𷹵󣬴ҶˡԺһҹĵǰס
˫˫񵽳ǽֹԶԶͿˡ
תˣûвɢ֮ϯ͵Ϊֹɡ
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ΪѣѾƳˣٲȥҲָᷢʲô£ģԺҪпյĻһǵġ
һȥͲ֪Ҫòܿˣ֣һҪأ
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¥ǲã˵ղȻֵطˣʹɴ࣬ﻹȾ糾أ
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Ҳֻ֪ǾԺҪȥãʲô£֮ԺҪȥ
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С㣬ҽӵл֪ͨʵΪһ¶εģľҪ̬࣬á
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նؽֻʣˮܽһˡˮܽҹҹؿշ治ζ۹ú棬Ǳ˽˳۵ȫϳ
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˵
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֮ͲЩ⡣
뵱ʵֻۣЯֵġ






61·

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ȻǰûʲôȴΧһҴܲŵķ˵Ժ䣬ķһڷ֪Щʲô
񿴿ûˣæ˹ȥķ˵ݵıӰıۡڵЩôݳ
ʵ۲ֻץôȫΧ
֣ļġ
סķ˱վתͷ
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ķһֱţֱķ˹ס˷ţСʵ׷ʲô£ôǼұΧţ׷ʲô
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Ѿ֪ͨˣү˵ǧҪǻһ˻Ͷһ롣
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˵òҪĵģԺǻ¡˦˦ͷ˻ȱɡ
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ʵͲһʲôˣ֮ԻΪ湫ЩˣΪ׬ǮЩûйΪṩΪ׬ǮǻӮ顣
ܸԼһ˵ı׼ҪʲôˣҪ
͵عһ裬Ȼ赭ˮʲôζûУġ
ǰǸԼˣΪԼӦðǡ
ʲôãôһЩҪȺԼˡ»ңľ
Լһһε̡ʲôˣҪҪЩ˺˸ۡ
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ԲľԼˡȻҪͲҪĺ
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ľڷŭ壺һȺһȺ鶼á
ľܼҲܴ𻰣ãˡֻʣľܼҺľ
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ЩճմؿǣЩͷˣ˵ʱ˵ղŻ˸߲ҵ˰
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65̰

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ϼݵһĲвŮ̫ҽԺʱɧ쳣׷׳ӭӡ
˦˦䣺ɡ
лϡһ֪ʵ۽ʲô¡
ԼԼ˿ֻţԼǿᣬһ֮
ҶҪģֻһĶ룬û㲻顣
ֶЩΨΨŵŵ̫ҽǣоһԺУЩÿһҪġ
С̫óʣµҩʸ̫ҽǿҿĪ
ңҪǸ䷽ȥоҩ֮һҪƺҩûƳȫؽȥ
и̫ҽǷĻᣬ˵ˣһҩ裬̫ҽࡣҩ裬ֻþҿһۣ㿴һۣ۵СۣС

һһһ˯þ޺ã촽¶Цݣ컨壬ȻһЦӦüɹ˰ɣ
ƿӣϴھ¡δޱ߷ȴӶἵʡ
Ͳῼò鷳Ķͣúϧ
ž˲һЦһҲð޹ˡ
һƳϵһĨذϣŵ֡񡱣ЦЦЦźھͶˣˮ֪
֪Ƿأ
գγԺɲǵķѩɽڻ˲峺մȾεͷķ飬ȴûнҹģ
ǱƲ˵¹⣬ţǰƫңԶ
˼мһ̷컡
һ˼䣬ȴĵһ̾ϢǧĳŨûıסˣٴμϣ˵뿪
̰ĽеļӡУ΢΢ĳ˳ǣЦˣУȻһƬɬ
Ƕûмأ
ľɫգЦˣôѡˮܽأ
˵ܹҪʱůˮʱֵԵʱִŹִ
˵Ҫ谮һӡһʵѾͻˣδδȢδޣ֮Ľֲˣûоš






66

һϢ̲סЦˡлº˵ھгͻĶĴȫĶ䷽ЩټҶͬҲġ֮ڣҹҹء
ǲҪȥݷһ£лл졣
ԭñ˹һôҸ顣ЦǶϲ£ˡƸƺرá
ľյľż֮󣬾ͷǳɻ֮ǰľԸҪϢǱǣһҪû˿©ѾŽˣľȻȥľ´Ƿǳϣôξ;
ȥֻһб䣬ҲľҪıƻԲŻľо̵ľ飬Ȳ顣ֻһ߻ȥһ߻Ÿľ
ľĻŸо֣ȻԼϿȥӪţԽԽãҲҪˡҹ·ֻûصصء
ľܼյսظżøľľæҡͷҲڡ
ľһ˼ı飬ɻʲô£
ľϵִ֣ѾԸȥսǱ뾩ǣսȴţͷ죬˵ҪѾڸϻӪأ
ùľеֽѾս˵ҹϻӪˣ֮ͿԻصԭطˣģһʣΪνҪֹж
üͷ΢˼żֽš
սôô˵ʱ˵ҪֹжˣۿѽڼָտɴΪҪֹͣж
Ѿڰֹ˻򵥣ܹս˵жľҲǳ˽⡣
ľս˭֪¿϶ֽ֪ţȻʵ󲻳жȻ֪
ľһʼܿ϶ֻңľܼ֪Уƺֿʼȷ
ʮֿ϶飬ò֮һڸ֡
ľľܼңľܼæ֣ү㻹ҸҪҲûе
ľջĿ⣬ǰ糿һ飬죬һΪĵҹľһȥ磬֪Լͳȹ顣Ǹ˿֪ĺܶ࣬˿Գĵ˷ǳɡ
ľȻջľܼȥˣ⼸շæ£ûйʣҪȷˣľܼңľܼͣľ֪ΪԼæ˵Ǹĵ˲鵽ûУ
ľܼҺܴܣѾǣ³ǣûһĵˣĵĶûУ̸ˣֻҡͷûС
ǿ˵ģ֪ιʣս֮¸кιϵ˭
˵ʲô
ľ̾һʮү㻹֪ǰҹ˵Ҹֽƺ֪ܶ飬ǲйأ
ģ
룬糿̽ƺôһˣԳĵҹݷûʹϳʲô䷽ʵ۽һͲȻŭӡ
˵˻Ϊ⣬ΪǽʿĶ㣬ȴû뵽ԭֹϣľĸҲ⡣
ƺ书ǿһ÷ǳ࣬Ҫ鱨ǳ׼£˭Ż飿
ΪΣʵ۳ҩǿΪǱʲôģľΪʲô
뵽ˣǿľ¶⣺Ǹ㸮ʲôֽ
ľǸֽʱ;ʮ裬һ󽫾Ȼһ˽븮ۡҲ֪Ľ䣬Ȼһ֪ǸҲڷ̬عĦ˯ֽ࣬ƺᵽ˵ĲӱϸȻ仰еƵζһ衣
˭³Ľ³Ľ³ǵ£³ǵƽһ󲿷ֵĹͲľ
սɱ˲գֻۣҪԳ֣ﻹиҲĴӴܵĵб
ŷɥȴԼĸϱˡǿΪĽһӾͱˡ
ôܸˣһõĴ󽫾Ȼ޷ߵˡԼϵظԼԼ˯ıȽ˲ŻóѵġϵظԼĽľĽ
ڴ΢˸񣬿ǲʤ䷳˵ʲô˵Ƶһε飬˵Сĵʲôġ
ǴϢͲܵõʲô
ľľܼҷԸ÷ɸ봫սطˣһˣҪս֪£һҪĵǱ뾩ǣжڱصãʲôֹ֮ͣãϢһ˸֣ע⡣
һܻʲô⣬̧ͷϵ˵üȥ֪ͨ飬Է֡
ľ仰ǡľܼȥ
վ飬һжǰԭƻУˡ
ľıӰʮүģսһü
ЦݣЦȥȻ֪սܸҪľ
ľ͸ûбҪˡһ뵽;ޱȷա
ţͿľˣǲҪû뵽ȴѰٶǲСǰЦúģҪҶղ𣿡·
˳˳˦أֻͻȻСϾȻ۷䣬Ժ棬Ż
𣿡ľȥϸ֮£Ŀмֻ۷˽иͣ
أЦؿתʼǺþûгȥˣǽһȥɡ
ĵ飬õ⡣
ľĲɣһ飬ίǸ磬ûǺܾûгȥˣһȥɣţ
˵ˣǲע⵽ˣ˵ĻѾлԼ׵Ĺϵֻõá
ľЦû֦չƨƨߵˡǿֱϣǰĸӲģʲôʲô¶Ҫ۵ġ
ûͲеõɷӦԴΪءűľİõˣʱΪԼĿģֶкβأڴϿһĻȤǺľЦ˳ŲԶˡʵڲתͷȥҲװӶš֪ǵ飬񿴵ˣžԭһжôʵ
Цż䣬ͶĿ⣬ȻоȻʮȤˡľҲƺ֪ԼŮӣΪԼء
ҡӣǰһкľȥһ
ǸеڣȻȴ򶨡






67Ҫ

ܺðλ氡ҡӿűľסǣĿ˻ǣŵ֡ߴЦ˿ԭҲǺܰġеĿŮΡľϾǸС㣬赸κܺáһɫ·Ȼò˵ʺ
ʤѩľĺ£γǿҵĶԱȣȻȴ̫ͻأľתͷᳶǵ·˭û뵽ôͻΪȵΪȴû뵽Ȼ
ӡǵӦ
Цλؾֵˣǵɫʱһ룬ľС˰ǵԱߡ
ûסЦƵӣȻϲġȴԼŮһȻ֮⡣
ľһǣܿˡ˵ӣǱŤһЦ滨Ƶأһޱ顣
ףЦ຦ôΣŮǰȻڣϺꡣµ˹Ȼһɱ˷Żʲôһ͵⣿ǣ۵׵ʹ࣬ȻԼ͡ĸױɱǸ˶ᱨȻľЩΪơ
ֻľһ˵Ļʹǲû뺦Լĸס
̾˿վѹԼĿԣγûأĸ࣬ǹҵة࣬԰̫ɱˣȴָΪ˱ֶΡ
վһΪǺģֻΪʲôҪ˺Լĸأ׵ô
˵ĸоֺͬ˺Լĵ»¾ͲŶλˣǡתͷӹܵĿ⣬ЦҲһȫİ취ôΪѡ
ƺܲһöٱһһش߹ƺҰز顣
ΪʲôôûأЩٱ϶ġҹλʵۣҹسĸ֤ۡݣôû˴
Ӧֶ¡ȴϢġ΢Щʧܿͻˡ
ѾôˣдˣôͲ뵽ϣܿգ˻£û֪ȻЩԵȻûЩˣܶƻвͨģȺڵǺΰġ
˵þľ˼ˣѾްˣھӪƵûţʱã£̸żѣ˾ѾֵˡѾ׼Ҫؾˣ鿼ǵԼҲҪͬ·Լһͬ
ûصһƬƽڸ绽ˮܽҲ֪ȥˡԸˣûõģκιϸȻûоͬ⣬ԼϯԼһ˰óףΪɻǵЦ⣬ʲô취
ӦͥһʱҲԼͻصͥߡڿƺֻõڴƺһ㶼֪Լ治
߽ԺȴһŲѵһ㶼ͷٸκϣ
ˮܽŲӣԶӶʧڶûôˣѾˣȻʽܲȴʵ뿪Ųʡ
ЩѾˣΪʲôת⣿ԭΪֻʱ˶ǻЭġһԹµį˳ӣΪվֲסµͣΪת¶ãΪһжֻᣬһһ÷ޡ
ȴû뵽ôؽûֻƬһ仰ú˵
ڣ֪మȻûлͷ·ˣ·һůʣ·˶Į
ǣֶΣôǶΪһдŬȡԼҸкδ
ΪʲôҪô
ø硭վǳˣվв֣Уľ벻̫Զ
ĽŲվǷˣЩϲҪıҪ׼
ÿÿ뵽벻ֶεصõ˺˺ԼҲνǶȴݲġ»֮ҹ뿪ʱҪΪ˸ۡ
Ȼȴûж֣Ϊİɻл룬ΪԱϣġţ᲻ҪһֱŷһֻŬͻеõֻͻеõ
ȻȻͣס˽Ųȴһ۶ûУôֵô
ʲô£ͣеʲôѾȥˣôôΪͻ뿪ͻԶصˡ
ڽҪ뿪ԶŮ˵һġбҪϾ˶Ϊӡ
ӣûиı䡣Ȼһ⣬ġ
Ҫ𣿡ӣƺҪˣˣһʲô˼ĴڲǼֵ
ҪôҪˣӦ޷뵽˵ͷǵġ
վҪˡˮܽż򣬿ıӰСɲԴһߣ
Ĵʡ
СһشŲ뿪طԺŮ˳׾ҲҲټһ˻ĽҪġ
ھ鷳Ҫȥһ˶ôΣա
ǺǡԶȥˮܽɫȻΪ˾Ϳ˦ô
Ȼ˲ңȻңôҾҪһӸ㣬㡣ҾĥôҪĥ㵽ʹ࣬ôҪһֱ㣬ֱĵϡ
ʹòģôҪõˡȥΪҪһûи磬Ҳǿߵģûи磬ǰҲúܺá
С㡱ԼС㣬Ǳ߲ʲôֻС㿴Žķ֪ʲô
ˮܽǶȥǣ벻ȥ
⣬СӣƺҪȥǣСȥҾȥ
ˮֻܽߣûжӻѹллһֱչҡ
ҲС£Сҹ˯ãÿ񣬻Ϊ˽ϧ飬ܹ˭˭ýһСӳɫˡ
ˮֻܽ̾̾Եԣ˼ҲСһӳɫֻܹСͽͲһԡϧСɽиǾͷţҲвġ
С㲻лСˣչСӦõģֻǶϣСһЩ
ͷŶ۾Ż֣ûĿ֣
Ļش𣬸öʴӣ֪ԼֻһСѾߣûȨȥȰ˵С㡣
ԣС㣬кܶˣСһõˣΪʲôƫƫҪڽһ俪أ






68Ϊʲôˣ

Щˣֶĵ⣬ʣ˭һ˻ش𣺡ģĶ֪һҹǣӣڴʹ󳼣С̫ˡ
ΪʲôˣһʣԷӵۣŵ˻
Сһɣ̲ס쭣ĸŮôʹɽ˻ʵ۵޹֪ʹһŮˡ
ҶģʵңڳңľҲҡȻĬĬңѾΪˡ
Ƹһˣϴȥ硣һȺռ鱨ΪȤˣǵȥѰСϢȻϢôҲȫƸ
ӣսֿʼˣλҪҪ
˻֣һ˸ˣľǲǱϵģҪǵֵס˰ɣû£ɣ¾㱸ֻǷˡ
ӣѾǵˣҪҪЩжҪ֣Щ˶ϡһˣǸи֡лºԺЩ˶Ե̳ġ
ǰˣƻʵۿʼˣڴҲʼˡǵֽţҪǼʵȰ˵࣬Ͳҩ
ЩǶܺöԸвһ£¾͹ԹԾͷˣǸʵۡʵ벻ףĻʵϵãӦû̻ġӦóûŶԡ
֪«ʲôҩ
ȿ˵һᰲǣǧԶ֣ҪԶ֡
ȻһʮӳԵ˶˵书ǿСţǸܹ¶ֵĻ
δ˵꣬л¾ʹȵݵ񡣡
öʶãҲһЩףҲգҲǿܸụ̀ܽǲܸӷ
ûµġԳСЦǺǣС֮¾Ͱסˣ
УҲ̫ţ˰ɣСţܹ֮ཫ£СȻ
ãһΪȰɡ
һӾˣ书֪ģÿκС˵СǲţҪԵͷ
СڳƣǰһֹȥһоСĪˤˣڵϵԼСޱȾȣʲô书
֣ЦԴġôִܸѧأղüٵṦôͰ̵Ṧ¾ûôףС书ûߣȻͱȥˡ
˿ЦСɷ˰ɣǶ߹ˣȷʵ书ǿ㲻ţһоͰˣжá
С˼ոСðݰ
ЦЦֻҪǼŬ£ǲƽϵģˣҶȥ°ɡ
˶ˣֻʣлºˡ
תͷл££ʲôָҹʹʵ۳ҩ飬ˣǱʵ֪δȻδ³ҩһȣΪʶƵһôԸϴ
л³˼ţ黹ǡ
չ˵ģ˵Щǿ϶ᱣģΪԼ϶ڻʵǰΪ飬ʵԼҲǳҩȻǶѾ̨ˣȻͻˣ¾ãľֵ֧ĻضûµģӲõˡ
Ŵ⣬л˵öԣЩǶ̰֮;Ǳضͷʵۿ϶Լţֱ鲻ô򵥡ϲ޴ˣĹةɱˡ
Ҳֻв
ţҲǣսҪˣľļƻҪжˣۿＴӦúܿͻҪˣ֪ҪҪʵһء
ҲսͿ̿ģǻʵ̫ˡּҪңôҡ
ľıɹĻҲкӹϣڳ͢ϡʱıɹҲͻϻʵ۵ıʱͿΪΪ
Ҳù
ʵЩֻǱģӵеǿ֧ţǵ˻ʵۣҲܰôԲС㣬칫ӡôݣô
вͲһˣ⽭ɽϻʵֱȽϺõġ
ȥȻЩ֣ΪʲôɽƫҪѡأǺϲ͢Ǿɡɽ¾ҵˣһҵĿӴԺлʵ۵谮ӴԺ·ҲˣĺΪʲôҪһȥ
뵽һЦභһˣʱǾܾ֮ˣٴеĺ飬Ϊʲôɣ
лЩɻ󣺡ӣ˵ʲô
лôһʣعлһֱõ£ֱõû˵ȻĻȻǿԽῼйܵ顣
뵽һЦʵС൱˻ʵۣ⽭ɽô
лһԭ£һΪգΪĹ٣ʵۣǿ϶òˡ
ô뵽⣿˵ǹҪʵۣҲδɣȻûľĴӣԹӵߵ£˶֪ӵУǹӵ飬Ǵֵ֧ġ
лЦ۾Ц⣺൱˻ʵۣòˣʱӾǷ츲꣬Ҳû˻ˡ
Ҫľҧ͵Цˣȷʵǻʵۣ˭صһĵһһִԽĵִʵۣ϶Ҫˣţ϶һûʵۡ
뵽ˣ뵽һ棬̫ƽ˶Ľࡣ˺г˺Ҳû˵ûѪ̰
ǣĴ³ɹĻô̫ͻʵ۾ͽǴǺľ˺飬ͷĳǷǱɡ
Դ֮ͳԵζǵĸܡ֪ĳޣ֪ʹ࣬Ϊ˳ѹġ
Ȼ뵽ฮѾöûлȥķ˺ˣҲ֪ô
߳Ƹ󣬺ȻһֱֻײȻĲᣬĲỹɻǻûлĹǸ˸ˡ
Ѿöûмᣬ֪û᲻أ֪ùɻǵĹǳԣһξͶôӲԭ׷ɻǣһθòɻ׷˾ǰɣ
ž͵ฮšôСΪ˼䣬ǲȥأȻſڣЩ˰˶Ա˳š
һԾ˸ڡ
ķߣһȥķ˵ԺͿ
һֻǻͷһɻӣȻʶԼıò
ķŲһԭ
˷ѾܾûмСˣС㣬𣿡
͵ص˵ͷ






69´֮ǽ

һ˵ϣˡ
һˣû׼㱻˵ֳʯ״۾Ƴķˣѯʣʲôʱôˣ
ķ˶ЦˣˣһһҪȥء
ڸﶺ̫ãǱ˷־Ͳˡ˿ܣûˣϽȥСɡ
ķ˵ҲԲ£ȥοοĻ
סˣ࣬ôˣ
ĵԭ񻹲֪渵С뿪ǶʱѾ»Լˣȴ뵽Ϊү飬ǳ¼ҾȻ飬СȻ벻
ôΣδŮ硭һȺ̰֮ͽ˲ҪҲգҺúȰȰʲô
౻Σ񵱹ٵĸԶԶģ¼Ҳǹٻ֮ңȻǹ˼ɡ
ķȸ֮ȥڵĵطԺ廨ƺһ̧ͷؿ񣺡ã
Աôʶˣߣһ뿪һˣô᲻ʶأãҺ㡱˵գ顱ؿһЦ㣬װˣʲô¾͸ãð
װı飬ôǿһصӣԽԽۡǳ¼ʲôã׾ףֲǷǳ¼Ҳޡ
Եúûоһ£ֻϵӰ㡱̾һ͵͵ؿŮ죺кܶ鲻ͽģѾˣãԼҪúչԼ
ô˵ƺܾӣ˼͹ŴŮûΪ׾һ߳ܵ顣ԼڱΪ֯ĺڰӱҲ
ǺοأͲʲô裬㣬ֻ׶룬Ժ㻹ϱõˣǲҪԼԼҪסҸǿԼյġ
һŴŮӣûа취˵һĲ׵һ£ףͷ̧ôɵ
ӣһʱǿⲻģٹ̵˼룬ôͿԱ˵ˡ
ҲҪʱ䣬߸ҰöˣЩ뿪ˡ
ãлתĿҺܵĵ
㣬Ͳ㵣ˣһȵģҪҡ
࿴һֱ㡣Ȼ˵Բ·
ҡҡͷֻθڲðˣҲҪˣԼչԼ㣬
Ƹ󡣡
˵໰ֱ˵Ծǽߡ
лţʵȥץɱˡҵͷȥˣЦˡץ磿ǶóֽϱˣΪֻ࣬ӣĸŮһֻˡ
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ȥл£ȥɱڣʱ
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֣Ͱľŵɫȫޡ
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ſھһ£Ϊ顣
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ȣǺϴŮԻᰮǷŮѡ
ΪĸԵʣСģԼҲ˪ȵһʶ˳Ϊѣ֪ԭŮѡڱĵڶʱǲдҪͷϵĶҲŻᶯʡʵڱĵĽ֣ԭʺϹ͢Ҳúˮ֮ܽ׳һҵ뿪ҲǱõý֡ǸӣԺǡ
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