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1  1 İ

𣺱ŮŮӵ飬˲ʮٷ
ҩɱˣöȤ
Ȳɾ֮ˣ֮ʹ
Ȳԭ
ɶһ̣ͿҽɣΪųè
޲ҵĳӵ˲ȫ´ͷβǲ޴չŻ޴ʩ
˲εԣҩˮȣݵһܴȥ
º͵ûƢΪƢҪ
һƬΪ
󡪡һ̶챣Ƭһ
΢δһĨССӰŬġ͵ˣ
ôˣ۵ľʦ̫ôˣסʲôΪʲôҪεֵĳ콷
СС˶δţֵĳ콷ҲֵġʮѧʿȻľ黨ɥƬζ
ҪҪһɽɢɢȥ
ŲҪɽģûд󲡣жеĲǾ綾µĶû˽ˡӢţѾ޵ˡ

˵֪һһȲˡ
˭
ٰҵĳ޲һ̤ŹصˡƬ
︮

͵ˡ
ף
Ƭģ
һء
ݸá
޽ݡ
붴


2  1 Ш

Ŀɽ۾ɽ붫֮䣬ɷ踩Խʨϡ
ңţ˫񷡣
ĿɽΪڽɽŵڴ޵ʷʮĶ졣ʼڽ
ʮǰһʱķŮıڴˡ
һСӡӽܼнΪƥйģȢ˽һ˳ı˳һֱӵ
ܵĶֹŮһ꣬øһƼƿ˼˰ҲʹˣݵĳϮ丸һҽټԷѧȫҽ֮󣬱㿪ʼԸĥ
꿪ʼ𲻰ҽʼж嶾޼嵰һʱȥҲʹϰ졣
µĶ⣬֮ϷҲûԱŮġ
ʮ꣬󲻵òԼıŮǸ̥ݾˣ˿ɵŮԴűŮɽˡȥˡ
֮ÿɽһˡ
ǰ˵жһ澲ʦ̫ⶾǰһ㣬·ϻѵʱ䣬صʮҡ
΢㱻ѣɽİķ紵ݶܾΪױԷȻ
ӳ΢ĹߣľݵȻĶǰһĨϤСӰССӹţŬйġɻ
󾪣һ㣬գػˣǰϾɫδʣôͻˣ۵ľʦ̫ôˣףʲôΪʲôεֵĳ콷
ǿǰŴݺֲǰģòɫѾͷȻ֡
ǿ콷ζġ
СС˶δţֵĳ콷ҲֵġʮѧʿȻľ黨ɥݡ
ôصĻҪٰˡˣӵġʮѧʿҲεˣҪһС̣ƤҪһˡ
ó۵ȫ֮⡣

컹ûֲԼⳳġ
һ·Ҳˣط˯˵
ҪѾˡ
̫ɽΪ˵̻˸˵
ٳҾҪˣʱôԸе¡첻в
Ϊ˵ĺûй˯ѣһ춼ûо
ޣĿûһա
ĸΰ
ŮΪɶӲ׵в
ûûΣƽڶ˸ҳһ
.......................................................................................................


2  2 

ϣǸǳڷܵСһ̲УǰƽͲ֪˼ŵĶĶݡ
Ϊһ֮ûеλĺܣֵĶһǨǨһͬһİε
ǰѾðĻݲݣһ߻Сʲôû˵Ķ
ʱôĶ֪
ֲֻұٵĺϰ֮⣬һȤǽЩɹѾĶȫγĶҩ
״ζ㣬䱾ϣб°вͬԣͬõĶҩγһζһɫԸ˭Ҳֱ粻
׵Ļмĺóǹ
ң󲻰
ңĲ
ŵڶʮѧ
ʱʱģ𲻰ţ˼ұûѡ̧ŲǧѰĿɽѰᣬ÷һҵǰӡ
Ĵţʹȴ置ƶʤߣ˾£һŵĶѰҩҲֻ·һ
һΣҹ·߶ײˣӵټѶ·ѾҲֻжߵСһ£һһʱڵжϵѳʳķȥ
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ӣŵڶ
ˣѾ˵ΡһӣǲΣ˵ɣΪ£
ҼǧѶʱղࡪĴһ·˲ʱ䣬ʱ޶ˡ
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һȺˣɵۣ˴Ŀġ
Сڰ׷ɨڴһۣƲƽڵϵġˡִϲ˵Ƭ̣ݡ
ٹһᣬֳˣ϶һֻҽ䡣
һĿɿڴˢˢ׻λεȻ󣬴ҽóöɫҩͬתץһͬ¡
ȡ
ҩ˺һֱԲѵȻԸһҵĿȣҵļҪԼȫȳ

ô£һһİɫᾧʲô
ôûкһ㡱
ûˡ
࣬ӵ˽Ѿ׶ݣңţһ˵Žյľţо̾ϡ
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ŷѾ֭޷Ѿĸˡ
ʲôһڷŵϵ
Ǳѧĵ

ǵȻҲҪ˭á
...........................................................................................................
ôʹˣ
ţֲʲô˵ĶŻųµһֱǶۡС΢΢һ壬
˼̫ûã̫ˡ


2  3 ҽ

ϷɽҰȴδʱ»һ꣬Ůһʱգʶɽˮ⣬ϰס
һڣҰףɽˮ֮䣬Ҳޡ

ʮһܾ꣬һţԭж
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ҲŲҪڵ֮ءΪԭ֮
Ϸ򸾶ΪŮТ˳ĸĸӦõģԣõ˫ΣҪֻСƿȥ¡
ССͣȴȤĽ
˶ݣĲ
ԣϲ֣ͬϲ¶ûһϲġ
ν̥һö
ҽСǽ͸һ⣬ӣȴڲס˵ĿڡԶβҽɱ
ʮһ꣬Ϸ򸾳ȥˣʣһˣԾĴһɽȥʡõֱŮǶĹ塣
ĿɽµıҲǺ֣ضҲô࣬ϰһ׺һЩԷŵĸɲˣ׼ɽ֮ʣ㱻סˡ
С£ȥ
˭֪ССͲɫŶԷգۣԷֱĳϵ·شֱϹ࣬ƤѪҲͣ
㡪ҽԴĿɽڳŹˣֻҪһ룬˵ĲҽС
һͷС˵֡
ʱǡһλڳȷʵǷӵıŮҲڽϴˡ
ӹŹ֣Ѱǵ˭ҲȲ˵Ĳ־ȡеܽĶҲ⡣
ǡ
ԷֵֻѰõѰǼһ涼ѡ
ʮ꣬ϷٶɽΣֻǣļ᲻Ůһµھ֮УӲǲɷɽҪɽŮ
ΣֻŬȥȰ˵Ůһͬɽ
ҪҪһɽɢɢȥֺõġ
ŲҪɽģûд󲡣жеĲǾ綾µĶҲû˽ˡӵľܾ
ϣʱ£˼û˼ҵĴ˼ûоȲ˵ľ綾˼ҵĴ
µĶһ˽ⲻҲǱ˵Ĵ
졪
߹ĵط̫٣ߣܻȲ˵Ĳⲻ˵Ķ
ûУѾɽʮˣûһϵġ
ʮˡ
ٶȷ̾ıŮѾʮˣɽʮˣѾܶ
Ĳɽ
Ҫɽ²桱
˵֪һһȲˡ
˭
ٰҵĳ޲һ̤Źصˣ³һͲ֪ܲһĿˡ
.........................................................................................................
ƽֻһִţҽϲܵսʮȴ֣޲ߣһһ˭ҲȲˣֻˣΪӡ֤ĻǲģȻɽٰ
ҲԸĴٶ˫˫ɱɽˮȥˡ
ٰش㽭ɽ㣬ͣȻľ۷ḻʣСٰʮǱ˾͡Ʋʮȡ
Ŀɽٰ·;ϲ䴫ţٰ֪һңһһͷһǵĴү
ż򵥵С˿ֳıӣһ׵СñӣҲذ׵ĳС´ů͵ĲѥʱֵѾ䡣
磬ϰ׾µСȾһĨ졣
һ·ٰǰҲϻһʱ䡣
ٰףҳҲѣֻҪϿһ˲˵޶˭ָܰ·
ٰ׸ٰʮ֮˾ŵĵ̼ҶڳУκΣҴҵȲ˳޲ٶѼĩӹǡ
֪úõĳү컹ܲҲͬúõġ
Сڳ˺һᣬǰȥԭṦΨһѧϵ裬Ҳֻ
뽫ӡŮȫȻӣһ۶롣
Ϊ˸ֻкݴĸεķݡ
˭Ůġ
ټ鹣ֺ︮ϣſ̶ţŶɿһ
︮Ҳųһ˵أȴ˳һû֦չƳϷϷһŮˣŤˮǰȥ
һᣬһʮˣŮӭȥ
ϰܹܣƽСѡʱ˴죬ҲûͬһٹһᣬƽҹԸʱҪǵ÷˽ȥǡǵԶԶվŵ˼Ƥ
︮Ĺܼϰܹüͷϲӿǧôʱ䣬ҪǹʱƽҹҲԸˣǴүĳϲʱ㻹ƽҶ𡱡
ǡϲҲ볤Ϲϵǿϱĸ޵˴ɷ˵ףͳ˹ѸҲҪֻҪ˳ҵţ֤һӺĳĲóȥߡ䣬̨ηϲ뿪ˡ
˼ҪˣʱȥȻǺʱ

ҪǻʱͲڵˣվԭصһᣬûأҲû
ֱȥѸȷһ³޲ϵĲܾܲȣ˶ʱ䣬Ա֤ǳ׵ġ
Сһվǰ̻ܹܣϰܹһû𿪿ڵĻᡣ
ߴ˵
ʱϾ͵ˣ͵㡪
ף
֪Ҫ
ǵ֪ң
ʺţϾСڰ׷۶졣
...........................................................................................................


2  4 
һء
ݸá
޽ݡ
붴
ǰͽһҩζķ䣬ϰҽֲҩζİȴŹôŨζ
ǳҵĴ֮𣿲˴򽻵˶ĳЩµЩϷ򸾲Ů£Ȼǰ˵
ϰܹܳ㱻˶ӵϵѣ˴¡ɫǻѪ
Ѫζ̫ȣһҲš
Ҳٴ˼ң˼ûϰףÿһ˻£
Ȼ󣬱㱻뵽ǰ£͵ǰ̫ѹûһڴʲô
ͷϱŵɴֱֹⳤҵϰ߿ֵĽס˵۶ʲô
ȣȡһȣͳķӵص´һ㡣
ͷһһźɫѵˣѩһ˿ѪɫǶ϶˿ҪϲϵĹ
˲Ĳᡣ
ǳ޲ǵͳȫȻͬϵˣ컺ۣţһžСҪ˵ʲôȴһĿȡ
ûʣִϳ޲˾ǳ޲ˡ
ܲ仰Ҳ˵ˣɲ
ܹˣȫϣ˶ܻѾǸ漣ͷѾҰסСķüȵɰ׷ˡ˶ۡ
ȫȻƴΪĻȻۡ
һȵģӾ𼤶һ

㣬˵ɫЩ
㡪
ϵĲȷ൱أ˸Сʱˣôѳɹ̼Ѹٹ̣˹ѪҪκǲܵġ
ҡ֪޲Ц˭֪һ޷ıʵѾ˶ʮ꣬꿪ʼ
ЩôôģҪ㣬Ϊù޷ɡǾ˻Ǻ

ֹһûôһˡ

񳪸һš޲ţֻԸ˵ţûдҪش
ǡ
˵ģȴʵ
֪ģôС
Ѿʮ𣿡ĵ
ʮڰ׷۶Եգգ͵ˡ
ʮ壿
üͷ΢΢һ壬ûмǴҳϲƽҶŮƽѾʮ꣬ɲֻʮС˶˾£ĵܹ˽޸һԶˡ
ƽСĶ𣿡ˡ
ƽңǰҽ𣬸˵ûйϵ

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޲ãȻĶѩеɫСҩ裬ɫޣǹϲʳɣǹһĶ
øоĿԼʳΪǹȥһЩ
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ңαǣڰ׷۶ûвҪҩ
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㱾в˲вҲˣĺֱӵһˮһʳΪ׼һ˳Բôˡ죬ҩ
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ġȻǹ
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ˡҡͷ岢˳̫ζ̫صĶ̫̫̫̫ܲġ
رǰǰӣͻȻҲˡ˵֮࣬޼ƿʩ˳ϲ뷨ˡ
һٵķ޹ֻ˳˼˵⣬ǰҪԷĸԸ볤ҳϲϾ޵ʱȥ
ӦʣҲѰƽҶСԸ볤ңֻǲ֪αǰλС
𡱡
ţѾǰʼԶˣȫ·ҲЩʱ䣬Ϳտա
ô޽֣Ȼƽ˳ЩҲٷҪͿȳԸķΡ
Ѳɡ
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ûҪ޽ˡС죬ġ
Ѿ޽ˡ޲ǰĨСӰǸӣѶʮаˣʮ壬ʮĲ࣬Եĵˡ
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޲ҺŲǷޡ
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...........................................................................................................
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ǡ
..........................................................................................................


2  5 

Īģ˳ҵĴٷˣϲƽҶ޵Ҳزʵ
һǴһ
𵹲ʲô£ֻ޲ɫҪᡣ
𰡡ƶС޿ǿɰý޲ҪϲĻҲңҵϢһųȥĲ֪жٸеƽҶƽºͣƽҵļҾԣ˳ҵҲΪ޷ķС޿ɲƶ˼ҵ޶˼ҵĺӳôõġסηҺŸ֮ϲף𡱡
ֻһˣ˵ֵֹģҼסĿɽǲȥˣûˡ
ûˣ
Ѳ۵СʵǸ¶
ʱ䣬ڳ˿ɶ۽ĿôƯ޶Ȼûˡ
𣬲ҪģҪѹ󣬳ҾļңˣˣǶúչ㣬۰ġ
ûİҪѹҡҿԼչԼġ

ǿĻᶨı飬ôҪúñڻϧһ޶
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һᵽеĿģ޲Ҳȥ׷ʱ¶Ķ˶ţҾΪġĲܼ֣ʱϵĲǶȻβõģ취ܶһͶһ졣
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֪һĨЦȴҲȾۡ
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޲ҡҡͷС͹ۡľֹڵĸȷһѰСЩҲȷֻдô
ЩҩȻֹһʱȴȬ㻹ǻҪȵģٿȥȫȳŹ֣ҴɽҩҲ࣬ҲûжҩˣֻˡֹֹȫȻһ˵øˡ
޲ȤţҲ죬ִ˵˾öˡ
Сϰߣǿɰ
޳֣ĲֻʣƤˡ
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ˣϰܼҴȥҺɽвٿյأҲпõԺֲֻݣҪ㲻ԶԺЩ㲻Ŀ԰εϲġ
Ǿͺˡת֣ҲùСڰ﷭˺һ󣬡Ҫؼҡ
ؼҡ
޳֣󣬡𡪡Ҫȥˣ˵ΪһգҪؼˣڳҲ𣿡ɬڣ֪ûʸˣҶչġ
ԼչԼġŲҪչˣͺ÷ÿܰĶ˵˵ǸͲ֪ΪʲôͲءңֲСӡҴ꿪ʼչԼˡΪ֮һСˣܾĹա

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2  6 
һҹڴ󴲵࣬˯˺ܶһţ㲻ٶ֪˯һϣڶȫ»жᡣ
޲ۿһҹȵ˯ϮҲ޷˯
˯ǰ˵ĻԺлص
ģҲˡ
⣬СܿһЩܿģܹоܸоģһ꣬ȫµ޶ѧ˵˵˺ü˾Ķǵ¡
ۣܼȥ֣δ
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⸱ӣעһС
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ĺĿŴཿСӣ󣬻ıϡ
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ĳƿɶĺܣҿɽˡƣˮëĶүʹٷҪϴˣףѾûˡ
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˵ҵ֮׿˵ĲԸͲǿ
Ҫ
ͺúõϢǸ˶ҲѾ޵ң᲻ϻġ

.........................................................................................................


2  7 ʧ

ʮųӣӵĺȻǳҵĵҳƣͷɫϾͽһӣֱӦ
һ·Ŀɽûҵˣ˭Ҳ׼
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ƽ֮½׵Ҫ·黹ûгǰһλСźôһӭ
ϵĳƶȻɴۣΪԸû˯ãֻþˡ
𡪡ᶯᶯ˰գ˺üۣǰӰڣһ
үү
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һؼöֵĿųƼĪӣΪʲôô

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û뵽ͻϱͳĵŮҲ֪ͳôܻǵıŮ޸һء
ǡ
֪𣿡ʵС
֪ףҵҳи˲úأ˭ҲȲˡڰ׷ų޲԰׵
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ǡ
ô죿
Ȱ˵
.....................................................................................................


2  8 Ϊ

дţŮһŮ𣬽ųơҽС˼飬ǼоҽкŵĶΪ֮Ů֮ƷС
ֻʮС޶ѡ
֮󣬴˲ųǰˣ±ҲѰҽҲҪѰλʮĶҽС
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ҵйǣһСҲ̫СЩŲʮ壬вʣͣҲ޶ȣ޲Ĳ鲻֪ٺųҽƹԲЧ
ߣҲңʢ䣬֪ŮӴˣ֮١
뵽⴫е˻Լˡ
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ңһҩֹ˳޲Ŀȣֻûе¸лصġ
һΣ޲̽δǷһΣٴλع飬Ļϲ֮࣬¡
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ûʲô޲ҡͷԭͲôչüˣʲôҲ֮䣬һƬհףƲĹȥҲܲǵδ
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桱С֣˳ѻҰ׵ķֻٰëľ֮ԴˣϢһ¡
áȷ൱صˣ޷ɣÿһǣһʹ̣ÿһصʱ򣬻ѡֻΪЩԭͰԼеӶŴϡ
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´ǲܣ߾ˣѩë̺ڸǸԺӡ
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ҪȥҪ´Ļ͸һȥҪǲ룬ٻشȥѡһûжˡ
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......................................................................................................
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̶ҡ
á



2  9 Թ

Ҳν˲żüãŮ֮⣬жһˣڽ϶ŵŵģģ䲻˵ѧ峵̸֮Ҳ֮ֻھһ飬ǲ˫ȫҵļҲУ¸ؾзֺţ̳ϵ춣ģͬڳڽϵţ˲ţȴƽ
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ҵĳ㳤Ҳڽʮֻ꣬ҳһλ޲κ⵽Уӭж⡣

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ͬһΣ֪죬ȴȫҲԭץ֤磬޲֮¡
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..........................................................................................................
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ǳҵһμ
ǵ˼ġ

............................................................................................................


2  10 ɰ

ǿ۵ɤ˵̱ĻֻǣĹ˵Ļ޷
ֱڿ죬ĨǣҴһ룬һġ
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ǡ
.........................................................................................................


2  11 

ҵһտʼ˵ʳҲȻ³Ϊͣǽʲôϣʳ֮Ҫȳζ֮û⣬ζԣҩζҲԣܽ˳޲Ŀڡ
Ϊ塣
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Ǿͺá
.........................................................................................................


2  12 Э

𡪡

𡪡

ôУԺС˶Ӳǳδţ˵ĳңҲҲǡ
ûеɩ
ɩڽ㡱Һĵһ£õѾ٣ٷѾȥ˵һ̾Ҫݿˡ
СС˶δ֨ɵĲͷ䲻ȵһۣһۣóҹԹԵı죬һתҴҵ뿪
аţһ˵ľȻһŮˣһȴ

հ
𡪡ȡ˽вˣü٣һĿȵȽеøУľǲǴȰԼȳˡģӦļȡ
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ҡ
ڰ׷УûֱۣǶĶţƺЩʲôﰴסؿڣҵĿԭװװӵģ˭ϵһͣΪԼĻΪȵù·
𡪡᲻𾢡ֻк֮У죬ÿһΪѾӵ˼£ֻ˳ϡ
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ڣֻѨ޲òϣһ̣иСһε룬Ҳ̫ġ
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޲˳ѪɫıԲ𡪡ૣ̲סḧ⻬۵Сůůģ᲻ɿ֡
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Щ֮ǰҪ˷ԼԶЩʱ򡱡ѡ
ǺĵĽ顣
סֻǴ֪ԭӰôֻǾÿһο֮Щѡ
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޲ЦûбӶʣСĿɰ֮лֱ˵Ҫȥȥ롣
С¹ʣŮ֮顣
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.....................................................................................................
ˮɽׯׯƽͬȴްݹϵˮոɽׯʱǳҵıСõص
µһŮʱɽׯϲõġ󣬲µڶ̥Ůɽׯʼһ̥̥ɽׯ¶Ķءһ̥µǶӣôɽׯǴ
ҲµǸŮϷ˾ҪΪ檣ϾТ޺ΪСֻܹԹԵ
ˮһŮҲ˳վͦˣƽɽׯΨһ̳ˣҪ̳ߡ
ͳҶԣǶȻˮɽׯܵκείֻǣƽˮ޸ǢƽТӣʱΪѵĲǼңС
޲֪ǷΪѣһƣǶŮҲ㡣
Ůһ̣ҳһţʱĵıãǳܲס
ҡˮ㣬İԺ䣬һΣûǲ׼κŵģ׵һգҲûһ֣ͬ塪
ûµġƽ˵ǴԼἰģΪѡƽ볤Ǽõĺѡ
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ˣǣűһ֪ʲôģҲҪʲô£Ȼд⣬ǾͲҪĥʱ䣬ЩȥҲôЩϢ
ĥ˺Щ򣬲Ž󣬳޲ѾԺ˺һᡣ
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ѾҲɹҩݣɹҩݵĵطȫˡ
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ðֱ֮޲ɫӲ԰ףϿʼڳ㱡֡΢΢üе˿ȥϵĺ
֪ʲô͡

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ˮס˺ȴų޲˵Ƭ̺ۣڽ׳ЩֻҪһãҪôʱ䣬˺üɽ
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˵һ̥ŮУתͷҲת档
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ˮգƽҲüԭΪһ̥ǸӵĻôĵģͳͳԷˡ
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ܿδ
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𣿡һۣϲ֮飬Ա
ġ޲̧ƽգ֪ιʣƤأģƽһΣļ֪ˮĸ顣Т֮֮ȴТׯͷп⡪ͣ˺üڣıģֱӵأ˵ûٶΣȫûκεԸмһЦżǷӲɣŮͶӲûжƴˮ檣Ҳ޷֤ɵһ¶ӣΪ˾ٶӡ
ҡ֪ˡƽɬĵ̫⸸ĸźӵĸܣԴӲµڶ̥㲻Цˡлл㣬ƽ֪ôˡ
лл硱ˮѾ޵
һٵĵл֮ƽŴŰ뿪
ǰų󣬳޲˹ȥʧȥʶ֮ǰס֣˵һ䱨Ǹ
үүƽѩ֪ĿѾʧȥʶڴϵĴү
ţݡ
ǡƽѩ˺ŽȴЩĳ޲̧Ŀڴϡ
ȥһͰˮԽԽãҪ࣬õġ𽻴
ƽѩһۣʱ򡪡ϴ裿
ǡǡʣȴʳתҴ뿪ȥˮ
Ƭ֮һͰһͰˮͽ˷һԡͰһͰͰˮ˴ԡͰЩĥõҩۺɹðɵĲҩȥ㵱ƽѩ棬޲ϵʵøɸɾһҲʣ
ǻվʲô̧Ͱȥ

ۣСѾ޴뼫ˡ
үûд·ء
ˣҪҪϰܹæ
ҩЧʹۿۣһСѾ˲ԹԵǰͷĳү̧ԡͰϴҩԡ
........................................................................................................


2  13 Ůб

֪˶ã޲ˣವķ磬ƺ˷޿ײ룬ķҲһ鶳ˡ
ţҧѾʼ´˫ֱȦԼȴһ˿һů⡣
ģ䡣
ѵѾˣ

µۣǰΪ̫пʱʱĿȥڲͬڣ˲һ⣬һ˿ů⣬᲻ö᲻á
ȡҵʹ⣬Ȼۣ󣬴Լģһ˿ңȻͰڣɲ֮ҪİԼڱˮ֮кýѾҪۣǻᶳ˵ġ𡪡ó޲Ȼǣ»СӾԶǰһ˫ϿϸȫŶ
𡪡Щǰ֪֮׿ԡ
СС˶ǻع񣬼ŷе飬ǰӸ¡ѵõģ޲һ԰׵ȾһĨ⡣
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Ѿ˼ʱ޲Сס
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ԣ䣬ˡ
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ƽѩǹæȥȦӣҪ֡
޲һӲϡ
ȵȡ޳ݵ֣ʱסС֣𡪡簧ǷҵġһˣȫŮҷɺͳ

ڰ׷ӵһۣҡͷöģ֮ǰǰͰġ
ǣ
Ůˡ
⸱ģεĴӣûشѾ֪ʲôˡȻСӣŮ֮𣬻ѧҽ֮ģһ֮£Ѿͷɫѿĺܡƽѩȥ͹
ǡ⣬ƽѩҴ뿪
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𣬰ü𣿡Ҫ󣬼ʹˣҲûǰ¶ԼȺá
òף޲˴ֽźҲůЩԶǲһ˵ȣΨз޶ڷ
Сţ䣬ǣġ
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ҡͷԺҵġ֪ùԹ
ҲġĻ֮⣬С󣬲˽̹һ¶ۣԽҽ飬ͻݲ֮УṦҲƻı˵ġ
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С΢΢һ壬֮ǰԷݻΪȻôڣеˡ
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С
˵һЩͻ֣Ȼ¶ȥȻİ
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..........................................................................................................


2  14 

ͬ?
ֻ˵ޱͬ񣬴ͷԷɡ仰ѣ޷ޣǷޣôͬءǣ˵ôģһҲ÷ͬ岻á
ǽΪһˣ˵ͷ⣬һ飬Ҳǵͷ⣬һС顣
ûͷǻ˵ġԣûҲû
𡱣Сġ
úúãľͿ˺𣿡̼Խ
ȻСһţչն˶ףһŬĲκõģȻȫã٣ԺôࡱЩģ׶ΣҪúõĲҽ䣬úõоҩģҵõġ
ҪҡͷʮҲһʱǧҪɿԼ
˵ֻҪҵĻȥúúõġ
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ҽСҲ֪ҲʵϣŽĺͽΪʲôҪȡһЩ߰ţûͬ⡣
ΪʲôϲŪķỬ˰֡
𲻺ǿԽֲû֡
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ġ
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ǾŪ㶫ӾͺãһٲҩҪĶԲԣ
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Ҳ̫ࡱӲǲϷ֣ҵ̫ˣ»Ϊǵķ롣ңɲ֮ˡ˵Լһõˡ
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޲΢΢ü𡪡СӣǲҵĵҲĵҲԽйţȻеԵøһЩ
׼һҪ⣬ڲϰߣǿϰߡҪϺöʱȥӦ
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Ϊʲôˮ
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ˮˣš
֤ϵˣĸء
ҵ󡱣ԳЦ
Ǵ״ڼǰ͸ˡ
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롱
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뿴𣿡
롱
Ҹ㡱
һΪʿԴһ
ǲǸССĵһ¡δз֮ʵȴͬģõһԼ촦ԴԭΪܸȤ
....................................................................................................


2  15 Ƚ

β˵ķǺֵģ൱ľףϲ֮ǻᱻķӻ
뾲
ԣ޲Ҳİϵеȫ£ʱԼǳҵĳӵԼñʹеһУԹԵСӵĻĵĵˣСӲ̫ĵϹѸ
Уļһ̶ȣһ˵ѡܴۣǻš
ӲԼһ
һ޷ΪиĻúõ˵쵱̫үϣȻڴϣӲҹĺҩ
ʵȻ٣޲ΪԼ˿ģ
һ̾
ֻ֮Ǻҩҩô򵥣ʼϴҩԡˡÿʱһԡͰаԺ룬ϰܹܷ꾭׳ͼƽѩŬһͰһͰˮԡͰ𶪽ָҩۣҩģʱгģĹֶ
񡪡ǡԼǱųģɫԭѿ԰һƬ޿ɺǡ
ëë󡱣СܾľĽ󣬡ЩëëھҩݶﳤģϵƤëκһмѵҩЧֻġ
ġ
һҡ
죬޲ֱιȥ¡
㻹վʲôȥҪˮˣ͵ٻˮˣɱ˷ҵҩġ׵Сһһ仰ҲУҧ˴ԡͰУȻһǴ·ģûйܳļˡ˵Դ£ƣǺεĶ͡
̡
ϿѹסҪܳ
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ô̵ˮ̻ˡ
Ҫģֻ˵ѣģͷһζҩԷֹϮƤ⣬ҩĴƤڡ
ðɣҽСô˵ˣ޲ֻùԹԵš
һͰһͰˮӽϵĺñˮ
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ʱˮ꣬޲㱻ˮ֮СȵļˣʵһԵ
ȼȵҪԼ͸͸
ҪԼҲĿȵļ尾ʱķһһĿ䡣
ĥĻϣ̵ܰڹķһֱ˵һֱյĿ̿ʼ
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˵ģͷͷǵ
.....................................................................................................
Χǽ⡣
еúòңǸòýȥҵĲϳһÿҪҲסˡ
ƣﳹ˱⣬ý롣ʵϣͳ޲ΨĿԽľĸźŵӶ
ˣӣҲϸ
ǰɩǲӴӹ̫֣еôʹ࣬ɩǸβ𣿡ﳹҲһʼѾǰˣβôࡣ
ǰǰŲҲǣϱ׼ȥʲôӡ
޲Ĳӣһһȸ⻹ʹࡣ
ǡ
뷨Ӱ

ֵһһ䣬ѳѾܴԴеøˡ
족ݺݵĵһۣΪҲ𣿡ÿҪͷ׷ˣ[ҽС]Ȼûڽߣϵ£ҲϤĺܣҽŶĪ
ʹģ̸ܸҽˡﳹбҪССһ¡
족һۣɣﳹԹԵı졣
ɩӵҽ֮ʢǣҲһտ͵ģҪҽҲ᲻дǣΪ˴Ĳ˲ٵҽ˲ٵﰸòдһ
ͣ½ŲԺһۡ
ҵ̸̸Ȼ˯š
Ҳǡֵͬ
ֹǣˣͬ



2  16 ް

볤һ࣬ʽҵڼˣССںƺŶӭҵĴٷˣЩ˲ԶԶļһѣΨ˵ԼһĻ᲻Ǵ鵱ŪһȺ˾֮Ƶôһ£ҲͻȻؼȻظʱ
ʱ䣬ǴԺٲȻ㲻֪ĶȥˣṦƮƮƮ֮˭Ƶʲôģ޷ֻ֪˽κ崿ķմ㷲ϰķůˡ
ڳҴ󲿷ݵУֻǸԶѣʵ
ǰҵλҳԽơֵܼùóաֵ֮ޣС޲ĶܳҡܳﳹóǼó֮ССñֵܽãгˣǽһ͹Ƶһͷˮһͷ
ĿǰǶүƵңǳҵĵĸҲһ˽ӽļԸĶϱ
ʮ볤ңΪƵ񣬲ûݣɷ֣ͬͬΪɷӶŮǳ޲Сʱ٣Ⱳ˹Ҳ֪㡣
֪ѴԸ޲ӹԽԽΪϹһ˫ۣÿ޲һαһΡ
޷ֹĴޣΪöӺùһЩ뷴Լ׵ȥ޲֪ôûһĽֻҪ޲ĲأüԲ·Ҳͣ
ԸԼܾѣҲԼŮһ˿һĿࡣ
ǵĽİС֣۵˴ĵﰮϧ޲ȢӣҲһ˿ֻǡɰΪһǰУŰĶӡ
𱻶£һ˫Ŀǰ
ء
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ŵǰޡ
һõߣٶˢˢСϡ
׾۵СԾƽ쳣ڰ׷һĨȻ˽ղǷӣΪΪеķӣֻǷӵŮѡ
š
ðι˼Ϣĵţȴֻĸ֡
ĸ˲᲻ۡ
΢ŴȴʵĿĿ϶ǰޣĶϱһľһһԤ㵹ǳۿķסޣҪˤţۣ
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ǰǰͬ
գգĽëͬȱһϣſһƷ࣬۵Ĵ΢ţҲ֪ʵҡҡͷ
β¶ֲҩ棬ȴ˵ġûиô֪ء

ڲȥģ
Ϊʲô
廹飬һȥģһģԪҪҶ໨ʱˡ
ȷκ޲𣿡Сʵ˵ƺЩס
һۣûô˵ĲǲȬġĴ߲УɹͷκϵˣѽʣҲǻ²ġǼʹ߽Ҳ޼¡
ǡһݺݵĳ
˺֪ķ֣ǰλҵĴٷˣƺ濴ϾĿɰ
ʱпһ仰̵ļ֣һ˸߲ҵӲĴĵҺ顣
ҾҪ
úúáƻ˵ʲôܲöɣͲɣǹͬͬһƬ£ͬһͬĿӹӲЩǻġʲôҪ֪һڶﲻ˵
֪𲻿ţȥ֮ǰΪ޲˶һϣҪ
ףΪʲôǰ˵޲ʩǷҪô£
ƳȷˣҲԽԽˣϱĻ󶮡
޲Ҫҡ
ף
ʲôβӣ


2  17 

ʵӣܶ˵һЩҲͼˡƫСǲ˵ǳҵǲòӼḻС˵⻰Ǻ⡣
룬¹£ǻǹԹԵȥ˸
жǳԼˣδ켣ŪѧΪȴǲСӵġ
Ľ֮λҲǲܡ
ǳҵĴ󲮳ԽС̰ϰ䣬ͷβһöգңֻǰϰ䣬ǿݣ򣬳ҹǸƨɺͷʰ̯Ӿ͹ܵˡ
ң¼ҵļԪŷҵļŷĽݼҵļĽݺ
ҽ䲻ǡɶǳҵĺ곤޲ϵܱ֮ʱҲʵ˲ٵæ
ҪϳҲ⣬ʱ乻ɡҪǡҲŪףи˶ҪֵĵӣڿƵԼ䣬ǡҪ˵ʲô
޽ⰡԽ룬Խᡣ
ڣ޲õıԡͰ֮мı졣ǰЩӣȽ档ղͬһȥȫҵˣ֪еݼŹһˡ
𲻰ˣȻᷳļ档Ϊ˷ͬȥֻ۰Ͱ͵ϣ˲ΪҲеϣЩص
ֱĨϤӰԺڣʵʵڵĳ˿ԭһֱģǱ˵ĹػǷ˸ô죬᲻ת뿪ҡ
Ľܲס
˵ĵǣ⣬¿ʼһֱǳҵĹעڡÿյû£ûбø
ﲻÿޣԵ
𡪡һڣüͷһ壬ȻһĪڣ֮С޲̧ͷŷǰ𣬺͡ؿڵ֡
Ƥܰףް˿ʣ䲻ƤǰȴҲ۵Ҫҧһڡ
ЩݲݣʱҩݽӴϵļôֲڡֻǣȴˣֻиŮķӣֻҪһƲۣҪŮ֮ȥأȴŪֱͦͦǰȴҲ
𳣳Σֻôףŵõֵİ⻬
𡪡һᵽʲô޲ȵŴ죬졪Ǽ·ڡȻЩҪҪǣ
һٵ˵
ð֮ջ֣۵Ķǰڳ
ڰ׷ӣ
ҵڲÿһΣҪЪϺЩָܻҪǰ˹ú㹻ľȥϢϢʱ򣬵ľǺ£ȻЩˣȫȻΪá
Ϊʲôô˵
Ϣңأɹ˼ԭк뻵ֻ֣֮ǽǵڹ䵽ڣȫȻû·ûϸڣֻǹ룬ǼĸҲǺģҷһϢ൱رֱ࣬ʱû⣬һδεĶѻһ죬һɲˣЪ
Ҳ˵˵УһˣҪأɫԺ֮һʩҲƵ̬ȳǵǰ
ǡ˭
ԣǹҲҪ˭أ޲ɬĿڣ𣬻ֻǲ֪ʲ˵ǲֻǺĵϵʹҪңֻǣô˷ѣʵ޺֮ġ
Ҳһ㣬Ҳҿ϶֮ƣһҲͬķֱѹҵ࣬ôĵģûУǱȻĽ۶΢΢һתԵã첻㣬ѰཻҲá
С㱻˺ӣͯ궼й
ΪҵĳӵǺεȵĸ߹ȴ޲֮ڡ
ܵģģҿԿǳ˰ΪϵܣŻ˶֫ϵĽӴȫȻûоġ
㣬һΪľ֧ǣҲ˻㡱֮顣
ǡ
òϣ˵ģȫȻûе
ܣ˶ص൱ڲҲв˲֪дΣοһˡ
˼ŽᣬҲ令̣Ҫ£Ȼ⴫
ȴ֪ңͼȻλͬڳֻͣǶӣүүĴ٣Ժ֮
ץСˣѾˣǴǲǻкˡ
λһľôδȴǣǹġ
𡪡ỽ
ţ
£ȲҪü֪ϷʲôҲȲҪţ֮ۡλһλ˼ôһ˵Σյġ
׼
ĪСָĶȻСȴǱᳶ˵


2  18 ҩ

֮󣬶ԪŷȺִﳤңĽݺӻաҩԡѾó޲˺ܶ࣬٣ٶ࣬Ҳûлȥᡣ
ģȵĽ治ôѰôܡ
ҲʱʱΪϢֻǣÿһΪϢԭͰ۵С԰ѪɫΣ֮󣬳޲Ҳ᲻ΪίԼ
ǱȻḶ́ҪϢ
֮˵𣿡ˣѾʮ꣬ϰΪҲں⼸ա
ֻҪȻͻȻģǺΣԽܡ
ԸΪܿࡣ
֮УͺãǣĲܡ
Ǻ˷ʱ䡱
ġ
ðɡ˵ͷѩٹʱͿ԰ѳ޲ͰȥˣȵԺȥҩ䣬ٿ˳޲һۣҲ˵ʲôƮƮ뿪ˣṦ
˵ﳣĽģ֮󣬾ٷҪǣǱһƮƮṦɸ׷
ȻܿͻҵǣܱȴϹ˵ĺá
𲻰·ṦĵطṦȫ˵۹뿴
ڣҲġ
ֻԼΣΪǸƽʮСѡ
񡪡𡱡޲ȻСѾƮȥӰܴһҩ԰ŪŪŪŪĻϺЩʱ䣬ԸԿų޲ҩͰǺԼһȥ㲻עʱˡ
ҩЧȴǼʱЧԣҩЧۿۡ
һֱյĽ˭ǰ
ҲȥĽзֻҪľͺá
ʱһͽ޲ͰлͰС˵ҩѾõòˣݼ죬ԽѣǸϢǡ
Ϊһӡ
죬ϱǵıˮʵǺܡܡһ£ŲκһҪô˴һ۶Ը⡣
£ڱͰ޲ãѾľˡ
𡪡ͷƵĴ
ڣ޲УƽѩҴҳȥֻżλͱҪ룬Ѿæ
үٷ˷Ըģڻ˭Խ
ٷģ¡ŶԪŷ֮ǰ֪֮⣬֪ôҲȫΪ޲м֮࣬øټһءȻжѾˣôȾ˽ԾΪ޲ơ
ԽԪŷơֻĽݺһδԪ볤Խһ꣬ŷĽݺһ꣬꾭ʱǼõѡ
ĻҲȻġ
Գ޲Ƕӡ
ٷԺݣүҩԡƽѩͷСĵǰǳҵĵңССѾ˵ĻԭǴ󲻾
Ժ𣿡Ƶ˵ͷӿԻټ£ȼҪǽȥúõչ˴үȥԺҴٷˡ
ǡûƽѩ˿Ӧת˻
Ժһǽ֮󣬳ȻȴѾܶδԺˣһķ˵Ժʲôýġ
֣ŷ֣롪
ԺĴԶǿģ¶֪ǰԺûпɽɣԺвܽɣǵõӵǲððȻԺʡһСһ̤˵ǳҴүľҩ
λתأԺһĨСӰڷʲô
ĽűߣѾ˲ٺ̻Ķ
һ֪Щǻᶯĳ档
Ĵָô֣СֻôңǻģװһССŬһ·
Ƭ̵Ĵϡ
ʲôòã
ǰҲ԰æġԽҲ˺
⡪Ǽ棬ԪҲ֪⵽ôһ¡
ŷüδ֡
ٶڳһֻСӣȫ֮󣬲δ֮УǽԶһأ󣬻ͷ˽²ŵĵأҪվվǱߡСһָָһȫʯͷĵء


2  19 治ɫ

𣬶²ŷӦ㣬ʲôʱʼڻǵĽݲ֮
ھͿԿʼˡϵףӣɡ䣬СƮƮնͻ̬üλ곤ߣĪ࿴֮
Ԫŷֻų޲ȢޣֻȢΪϲţʳҲδٴ죬ֻǱ֮˸ѡ
ֻǲ֪ϲӾǸ˵ˡ
޲ȷǸиĺӡ
˲Խǽֻԭ·أһӵĽǵ˳롣
޲
ôһ£
ģ裿
ĪֶԪŷ⣬ǳƺͳԽֵۿľҲʵ˲Ŀ
²ŷˣˡСֶӭ޲Ц¶ãҪ˵ܵ
Ҫ
ûֲˣʲôֻҪտͺá
˼䣬Ѿóӣˡڰ׷ϸϸĴԪŷλڽϺպǰ˿ڡ
λǰֱӽ䵽ڣýѨ֮סԷҴй⡱
ǻ壬˵ȻȫͬʱڣĿǰһܸɵˡҪһΪ߻ħ
˭ҲԸ⿴ĳ档
ġҡͷҵ̹һЩ˵Լġûô˽ΪһˣԼҲ׳ȥ
Ĳᡱ޲Ѿ޷ֹƵĳ𣬲ҪЦԸһֱšҲҪ¡
һԸӵĵ֮飬УЩֵֹģδᣬҲ֪ȥᡣ
ĲҪģǶģһξö²ŷڵʹ󲮸ȼ˵;в֮һ˵ʱջҲüġ

ǣҲ벻иõķǰĲһѡ⡣
Ԫŷǰ󽫲ڣԽѨ֮棬󣬶ԪŷųԽͳ뿪
޲ݺҩ֮󣬵õݵϢʱ䣬ڴϣߣС૵Ĳ֪߶ʲô
޲ֺϣţ˷ַֺϺϺü֮Ҳ̲ס˿ڣ𡱡СĻ
šۣδӦš
ôûﲻʣ
ûС
ǡ⣬ЩԿڣλһλ޷ܣкûУ
۶˿Ǻڰ׷ޱȣ֣Ƭ֮󣬲ſۡ
İɣǶû⡱ԪŷǴ֮ʹǡκεĲ֮
Ƕҽ˵Գ޲ĲаֻϧǲᣬԼ˳޲ĸ
û𣿡һȴ޷ȫȻķʩֶΣҪѩϼ˪޷ɣôһˡѡƺֻлûĽݺһˡ
Ľݲ¡ŷλһ缺
ϣҲҪ̫أ̫⣬ó룬Ѩٹҩ
˷ʥͣôܲ⡱
ʲôãĪһۣôôǰõĵԼ壬Ǳ˵ģ岻ܿôٶҲûáҲȲѣϾڽɼ׵ĸȨƻȴ˲ٵԣѧϰߡ
ǵġ
ȷǸϰˣСӣһδСﶼмصĶ࣬ܲҼһ
飬Ҳȷ뿪ˣֻǵҪλһǵʹ󲮵ѣ˸飬ģ˭ܡ
áһжΪ
ҵӺЩˣҪķ𣿽˯𣿡Ȼǿֻǡżͦŵĸо
ǰһֱûɵ𣿡
һֱŵȻµʱ򣬿һֱҲвʱ򰡣Ǵòá
СģһĨЦ⡣
ǾŰɣֻн쿪ʼҪķ
ǡ
͹ˣ뻳˯һҲ֧Ŵ˺
.............................................................................................................


2  20 Ю

֮ĽݺԼҲͬĹĽݼǽ֮һĽݺǿڽӮ൱õ˵һĽݺмߵĿλ
Ϊޣϴ֣԰䣬жգܽ¡
ĽݺڴλȻңŷͬҲڴ֮С
𡪡
˵ոһЩպתڡ
һᣬͣ޲ҲЩԼ壬ն²ŷ֮ûĶΪΣͬѵ
Ҳû⡱ҡҡͷĿǰУûʹַҲ֪ϾҲûãܵ㡱̫ˡ
Ϊܲʲôʵϣܡ
ǰλɶϽȵҪϵĽ
Բ㱻ѪҲһ˿һ˲ǵ˻
𼱡Ƹķգٿȷһʱᣬ˲ңǷЩԺüǵǰʱ£ֻҪһһİβͺã£𣿡ֻҪٺһЩ̽˹ȥδʱʲô˶ʲô£޿ɶΡ
ڰ׷ۣϸϸĴһĵ˵ͷ
԰Ҿβģôֻǲһûκ֮ǰͱ˺ˡ۵Ǻֻǣ⻰֮⣬ΣҲ޷ȥ롣
棬̹׺ޱ
ԼһĻ͸õ˰ɡ
˹ˣѩϼ˪Ҳôɵϰߡ
ģûԱгңǲ¡ıȦ񣬶
ȻһٵֻҪѣֻĲܾȣǡǴڱķΧ
ˡ
֪֪ˣ̫֮ǰҲҵļ֪֮ģҵҵļᲢۣȻ书ڻ£Աû⣬ֻҪһЩ֮ıǡҪؼһˡ
ؼҡ
̶ۣó޲ݾһģ֣İסĿڡ
δԼ壬ҲδԼλá
ǲѳҵļҡ
𡪡ס̽С֣ҧҧΪʲôҪȥǿҡ
ЩҩѾˣ֮㲻ҪҩԡҪƷұؾȥЩõϵĶ
ڳ𣿡
˾֮⣬ĵطûС
ܳһЩȥΪֹݻĸѾʧ񡱡
ˡĻ˻֣ҵһûлһ˳ȥûаҲҪ£һЩҲУúƣĲҪʮꡱŲҪʱ˷ء
ǶȤ
ǡɣֻһ죬Ҳ뿪ߡ
ڵʲô·˼ѾˣҲ·ģؼңͻˡ
ǰһѣˣĺʹԼģӻҵûС
ɱ
޲޿κεԳһЦãһ˻ؼңҪСЩҪ̫ϣһҪһϻ֪𣿡̫ۡ
šͷ
............................................................................................................
ĽѾɵ̫ԣûһεĽѡѡôȻǴȺķڷ֮ˡ
ͳ˧֣ӵ޵еѧΪ֮⣬Ǹķڷص֮ˡ
һңһħӵо书ֻһƬˮ֮УΣˡ
Ұ޷ͳ˧֣άֵĺƽԷС˳˴˻˷ˡ
һˣǰ߶λһ߶ȡλĿΪΣһġ
ֻҪпǰá
в£ңȻ绢ɹ·Ϸɿǰ
ҽԲԸŹȺûᡣ
һΣòӦѵõľףһ¾ڳҶ죬ȷ޲޴󰭡
ڸһ㣬ƺ˵
һڣû˿ס
볤޲ͬһ
޲ѾҪʱʱڴϣ֮ǰȷǺ̫ˡ
ڣѵ޲϶
λδߣ˵ȣƭ˵ġ
ûҲ֪ôģˮһȥҪγϼѣһΣǼҲǷǵĶ飬޲ǵ㣬м壬ԾܾɣҪӣ㷭Ҳа취ȥġ
ص߶ӣԼҪ
޲Цлڸ׵밮֮ģҶΪ룬Ǻεºܡ
ͷİɣҲǸಡεˣλһҵġ
úúáƺֱͷɵǡˣϧڣȻ˭Ҳ󡱡һ뵽֮ǰ벽Ҳ˵ӣ֪ΪΣƻЩС
Сޣ˶ССģģľûַܹġ
Լһף޿κεĳȥ
һᵽСӣ޲ı͵ļγˮǰ𣬲ˣĶء
죬ͻˡ찡ֻһ죬ȴԾã
............................................................................................................


2  21 Ȳ

Ƹסһ죬С˼֮һĳԳһҲ͹ˡһ磬ڳ޲֮ǰѾص󣬴ŴӾùƿƿ޹޵ճҩﶫŪŪ
ûоκˣһΣǴӴŽģֱƮΧǽ
𣬳¿ʼȴһߵ徲
ֻǣ徲ûƽʱһһֱάȥ
֮󣬱㿪ʼ졣
ϸ֮£ƽѩİȴһüͷ˿ףҩƷһһװף˳ȥ
ͷĽݺŷѾƽѩôҲס
ʲô£ݺһĺƽѩԣʤ
ٷˡþϲûϲ
ٷˣǻˡ
˵ͷڰ׷ۣĽݺŷϣЦӯ档
޲ôѾͷǷǵýءĽݺһ
ǰֻ޲ŷûôĲ⣬ĿĵһĶˡ
Сӣ˽׶Σƽأһ޽յķţʱδ
ʱȻˣڣҪ˯һҲ֮У͵оһֻۣһֻۡ
޲ܲãͣλذɡ
ô˵ͼ˲ǡĽݺûôױ򷢣޲Ҳĵĺܣһƣᳳġ
һЩ˿ͣƽѩͿ͡
ֱӵľܾǺģֻǣǿɰģ뽿ʵǷȥ롣
ĽݺŷƽѩҲһλǽϺպĴǳҵĹͣǴүĶˣҪǸˣҲĸϡ
ٷˣҺˣȻǶ֪ôźá
ǰǰ֮ǰүڹߵģֽ쾡Ȼûиүһ
жүĻǾͲҪˡ
Ҷۿǡ
ϵӣǼҵүǿƵĶࡱ
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ǰǿɲǰ֪࣬λβõĴٷ˺˵ĺܣ㲻ӦˣҲˡ¶Ǳ㲻ֱ˵ˡ
һ⣬ʲôµġͨͬٲûκεĲ֮ͬ
޵ţ֨һ򿪡
űĳ޲ǰסԺеһĨС
һλ֮󣬱Ҫô˯һ±á˫۲űϣ
ˡ
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š
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ЪһЪЩƽѩһ·Ҳˡ϶ûкúõϢ
ҲۡгԹҩ衣
ˡס֣ҵѾ˺ܶ࣬Щ飬Բ֮֡ǽĴүȻһֱڱšûô£ûôʳ˼ֻ̻Ҫ߶ȥߣ߽Ⱥһ£ԼĻš
Ŀԣ
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áͷЦţ߶һΧԺȦȦҲǳ⡣𣿡ǣ֣ڴʡ
ᡱˬҡͷҪԺȥչҩݡ
ȥԺߡ
С
Ϊʲô
ԺѾûеطߡ

..........................................................................................................


2  22 Եע

Ȼֻһǽ֮Ĳȴһôһǽߴ˵Ǳǿ϶õġ
壬Լ֮⣬ǾԲеġܲ˵Ͳ˵ֵֻߣҲ󲿷ݵʱƵԺС
ˣûԣҵѾԽ
ҡﳹֵܣСóѳ޵ĳ޷ʱĻؼֵ̽ܣõģĲ

޲ҪģĿǰҲǳһʱĽ
ǺʱӣӵκΣλѣһʱ˼һͲ뿪ˡ
ˣֻܱӸ˰ɣ˾͸ˣɲᱲ֮¡ǣֻӣҪʲôɣǲ޲
磬ɫһһãɩӻǸأϲûгϲֳɫã˿ɩδǰӿĺÿ£ʱп³һ˲òģŵĹš
ڿɺˣ绹Ժɹɹ̫һߡ
ɩǸҽأ
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׼˵Ұ˵ܵһۣڵҪģһùһҪģǰЩ£׼ᣬȻ۹⣬ƮڵԺɩˣǻ᲻˵ġ
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ˡŴڸ˵λ岮ˣᡱһСҪһˡ
޲ǴΪӶŮΪӣССȴûлԼԸϵеϵĴΣĳʤֳӽϿʣҲܿÿЦƣ̣Ҳи߸Ӷš
ǶľСֱʣСӦҲʵѵá
ô£Ҳˣʯǰƽ̶Ըҩˮ޲εһ
²ĶӶųǣŷĳŷĽݲСĽݾҪȢСãλǵĶסΣСֻһˣһŮμ
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˫һƬ£õķʽʱ򣬳ҾٲԸŮѣѵĿţһѡ
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ǽʱλ˭ҪȥҲҪΪѡ
СҲ״ǲ飬ɩһٵĽѵҪǴɩ֪һġ
磬齻ǺˣСԸ⣬˭Ҳǿá

ȻΣ֪λֳΪġͷһᣬۿһȣ
硪ЩɳƣСûµģҪ翴СԵС֮ǰͻˣ¶ǰ֪ûоϲˣӻѹŶЦգһڴδķȴ֪˭δķ磬ΪҲ˺𣿡
õĳĳ⣬밮֮⣬ó޲һļ¶ôԡˣǶĹػţ뱣һػһ
áصף粻ǧŴ磬֪𣿡
ˣͬʱס
.........................................................................................................
ǣۺƱƱҲŶ


2  23 ĵ
޲󣬳ԺĿǰλҪȥĵطֻϧһýý
޲Ų壬µôšһδ޵ŮңǳĿŵȥҲ˹ҵΪѵ£ΪλϺպĴҡ
ͨҪ֮һסƣ뷽跨ҵĿȥ޲ǳ
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壿ƵüͷÿԼüֻӣŷ壬ɶ壬ǰĽ壬ôλдŨȤСܵǲ֪ˡɲһܾˣƽʱż¼Ǽޣ죬嶼Ҫˡ
ԪȻûϵ֮ǰλҲͬĥʱ䡣Ҫǰʱ䣬ұ٣޲ãүСҲҸʵˣҪŵùС޵¼ұ֤һίģų⺢ҲСüΣǺӳЩлҲûô׿ڣĿڣСദĻᡱ
ƲİŮĻ£Ը⣬޲ʵǲϣűŹһԵķҸ˹ϲ
ңӭŵĲƽҶײײ𣬷׽ζںڡ
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ҵôô򶯵ģͲ˳Ȼĵλݽ޶ˡ
...........................................................................................................
ǷծǮ쾭塣
ǷǽǮǺûǷ壬ôȥҪúõáһʩģô㻹С˼ҲжãǸθڴģôڴԼͲùݶ顣
¡ŷĽʩĶҪʵʹԽ˲ֱӿҪرֻǣǵΪѾ˼ôˣȻ˻ûԾ
ͷİɣݶ޲ܣȻ޲ҪίС
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Ȼû˳Ŀڣȴ˳֡
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ҾС˵Һͬõ˵
Ҳͬﳹ˫˫ţǶԷǳǺȥˡ
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ڳĶ㽻ɳҴΪʡȴǲٵ鷳
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Ҫȵ޲һЩȥϣȥ£Ҫľ֣Ҳ͹ˡ
޲ЦˣϾС
뷨ıϡ
˵
............................................................................................................


2  24 ͹

һ磬ұ㿪ʼæµλҼӭǵʱҪصĶࡣ˳޲һ٣뿪󣬵ȥȫԼһͬţȻе⣬һ֮󣬾
޲Ѿڳ߶ǲ߶ԭ֮һǳҵ˿ڹࡣ
ÿ߹·Ĵк޲ٻһ΢Цǰǰȥʱ;ġ
һ鶨λҼȥİ취֮󣬱ɳ޲棬ȻԽһ棬һҪģȥ˼ҪĻ˶˵Ļһֶš
ֻܳԣ˵Ц˵ĻĲͬˡ
ţһͬã࣬Խƣֵܣ϶¡ŷĽλҼ޲ٶӳҺͳﳹһҲЩˡ
޲廹ûȫس󡱡ĽݺǵģȥλҲˣҪŵġ
ˣܼ޲һ棬ϲӶࡣ
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ңѩǣùһЩƤӻҪףΪӵ˼ЩĨ
ǺͰԪֱޣȻ鴫ƣż޽ûжã޲ĲԺתŹ˶ãȫĿ󣬳Ҹǽڽڸˡ֮УҲЩ̾¼ҵȢϱ¼Ҳȥˡ
޲ø
޲ӦЦü֮Уȴ֮ɫ𣬵ȷ޲ֻ֮ϧֻһǲܰø˵ġ
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һ嵭ҩ࣬ƬҶһҩݴ۸εСˣЩǳ޲֮ˣ⿴ţûóԡ
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꣬ϵȲˮȻ޲ǧҲĲβ裬Ѿȵľˡ
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ʽ˴λҼȻ
ôҲûϵ޲ͻȻ֮ҹ룬֪ʵңԶ
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һһԣһһ䣬Ĭˣ֪˻ΪλҼĽжá֪ǲҶԵ˵пܳΪԩҶͷ
лλĹģ޲ᾡע塱
ģػ֮ںк˶ʵķ๧άһˡ
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֮ǰĻҲΨһһ䡣
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Сֶһġһ嵭ȴϵЦλģ˿ҲԸؼȥ
.............................................................................................................


2  25 

ʱȻ붬峿˪ɼǡ
ÿ峿޲׼ʱıѣһԺÿҪʲôһһɢŲÿձĹΣһҲܵ׼ʱ𴲣ȴһɢ
ҪҲᡪ
ô죬ȻʵʵѾо䲻䣬ֻжЩˡ亮ȴԼԽԽʣǲмбʱù
ûаɡ
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ţúõĻţӭÿһյ̰Ľա
үѩƽˮһݷʯǸϴģһҪ˵ȥϴ
š޲תʯǰ̧˽յķһۣСҲҵϰߣǹЩЩ˻Ҫ˯һᣬȥɣȷһǵġ
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ﲻæ޷ֻҪҲҪһ¡
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޵ţ֨ѽһ򿪣£δѵۣĿԺһУ
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š
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޲ϵܣȷĴǣʮҲǡ
˵̰ԣӹŵУҲٹ
䣬ֻΪβȴΪ
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ԭҪĵϢܵڵ״Ѿ£򶾵ݲòʹĥ㼸ꡱɵĵ
޲ȴ޷ɵӦͣ򶾵ôôҩôԶķӣ
򶾵Ǻ
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ǼΪ֮
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ٻûˣҩ޷룬Ʋɣ򶾵ݡ
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޲ԽͷԽ󣬡㲻𣿡Сʡ
۶ֱɨ˹ٻȫˣаٻûаٻûõġ
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ۼĹȣһ֮£ͰСƿʮֻٻȫڵιˡ
ºû
Ǻ۹⡱òһþǰٻϣҲҲİٻ硣
ߡĴӱһΪȻˡ
ѩƽˮͳ޲һͬϴ˺ʵܡϵĲҲԵõѣźʱɣҪж㡣
ţãʱ˻һţʱһһš
鳤޲ûἰж֮⣬ٶЩ֮ЩڽţȻȫ⣬ûڽռһϯ֮ءǳΨһһֱǸ
ҲҪƣֻҪһűɡ
УֻҪƱɡ
ˣҲû̫Ŀʱ䣬ἰȻġ֪ԼδΣֻ֪ϵܣ޷Ѱ
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𲻻䡪
ðɣҵĲ䣬ôҪ㹻ͱޡ
..............................................................................................................


2  26 ڹ

˴꣬ڸԸŰ޻صĿɽϵᣬȻһԭǷŶһ˴ھС˵ͷһζһؾᣬǷҲĻ
һܳȥɽˮط֮Ѿ㣬֪㣬ȻĻֻԼԽ̰Խ󲻵
ν֪֣߳ˡ
ͳķΪѰеҩװҩֻΪСܻӭӭ
ô£ˣδıԾһžĽӯ˵ǣò߳ǳ˫סЩҩݶˣûкúô𣿡
֮һԲҩݣпĸڲˣҲ᲻˼ıҩݵġ
С󣬱⸱ӡ
ҲԾڣȴȥ֮ǰŲòӵڿһ˴֮ء
ƽɽµũԻ֪ɽôһᣬҾΧֵȫжĻݣҪһСģὫԼȥ
ϣû˸һΧ
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ּ͵ŵĳȴ˵Ļ
ƿţһζɼѾüûд򿪹ˡ
ڡ
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ۼˣӵ뻳Сİ
ھΨһĿܾȥˡȻСŲɽȥء
ܵģȥ༸ͻأм¶û˶
ȵȣȵȡ˫һУԺһĨ֮󣬲Ȼ֮ǰ˵ʲôģҼˣǳ֮ǰǸٰҵĳ޲ҩɾ˵ǵٰ泤޲βȥˡ

¶
ͷпܣҲֻԭˣ޲ϵĲеҽ޲ߣȻٸ£ֻҪģȴǿԵ֪ģͣҪκó޲ϵĲҪʱ䣬ѳ޲κˣһԼġûô¡
ȣҪҪȥٰ𡱡
ǲŸջǲϢ죬Ҳˡ
ҪϢȥϢˣҪŰġҪ뿪ɷĻŴŭĿɷһҲ֪ŮˣôСôƯҪǱ˴Ŀô졣
ǰĻûУǰˣӵĻӡ
һ֣ɵĽٶ뻳Уֻû쳤̾úúãȥȥòãҪˣһ۵ġ
ˡ
ڣ
㻹ȵʲôʱ򡱡
ǣߣߡ

ķӣȫȻ˸ūĸԸԹ޻ڡ
.........................................................................................................
Ϸֻ˰ʱ䣬ٰѰ˳︮ǰƽԴ󸻴֮ûжøС
ͨԽ֮ˣԽǲƴ֣ԽǴ׵ΪǮ֮ֻҪ໨ЩΪʲôõ
ǣɷ֣ĲԹĽᣬв֪֮ԣٻȨƵλԸһĿɽ֮Уеɽ
ҾͺˣԲ˵ĵ֮ǰѯʣϣЦλС磬⸮УһλС
ǰˣȻǳҴٷ˵ĳò̴ſ˰죬ֱˬĵɤӣ̲Żع
ǳҵĴٷˣλλǡ
ٷˡ𣬲Լʲô
ҲüͷŪ˰ɣҵʮ꣬ǸСĵŮˣܣΪ˸ĸĻһ㶼֪顣
ǵĴٷҲǸС
һǰһһ̵½󣬽˵ءĲǰŵЦˣеǵȻ򶨡Ұôˣ
ˣˡһֱֵ̾ͻĹͣͻоǶɵˡ
ҡø߸ߵ̿Ҫˡ
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ߡһɣ̵˵ء
ֱﴳһɨһҵ˸ͲɨģرЩֻèˡ
ƽʱҿû˸Ѱµġ
󵨣˭ϳ¡ƼҴҵı˳Ѿܶûи˴ˣȻϳҵ߳ӣɲǳصġֻһۣеͲȫ̽˶ֻҪˣټǷޣϥҲ֪Ǿһˣǳ࣬ʣǾƭ˵ġ
.........................................................................................................


2  27 

׼ңλ׼Ұ
˭׼ң·ףǲʶ㡱
ڲʶҵıϱǵıŮͬıôܲʶء
죬Ҽұʲôʱҵıϱˡ
ᳶɷ䣬ųܷ£λѣһ
ǡͷǰľ˶ȻǰʢĵһŮˣǳøһģ𳤵üֱķģϿȥѴٷ뵽˵ĵ̽ˡ
ǡҴ¡
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޲ɫϵЦҲǷĵģһжĹ͡
ȹͣҾǻһӵġ
ذķŮǣĿɽģǾԲܡ
ò
λ׼롱˸ƣͳһλ׼ң޵Ҳа֮ã֮ǰûĿɽλ׼ʵ󲻾ἰλװΣһʱ᲻صĿɽźڣλǧҪؼңѾǳҵˡ
˻
ôһǳķѾסɷֱ֣ȥһ£˭˭ġ
ӾҶҵıӲϹػʮС

Ƶɫһһףôͺء
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޲Ķֲİʲɷգ֮Իڳҵԭɣ泤޲βģԣԳ޲ӴڳһȻһЩ
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һ۵˹ʱԲǡ
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ڽʢ㽻ѣϲ֣ǰƽϵӡǷӣ˭֪ƽֻǾԲЭһ밮޳ص飬밮Ůйص顣
£պð͵ʹˡ
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ʲôʱġ
𡱡ߵģۿһ죬СϸϸĴžòŮΪˣΪʲôھ
ڰ׷۶գգ󣬲࿴һֱԵĳ޲һۣβģôˣӲʣ
û£¡ˬĿߵӣ𣬵뿪һӣôͰԼˣ͸˵Ҫǧѡ޵İҲ˵УŮ¼޴ɣôͲټޡŵݣȻ࣬УŨŨίһ׶Ů˵һĳ
⣬ԭһڵദʽ˲ΪȻҲ޹ǵб֡
Ҫ޵ġҡס
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ĸ޲Ȣ𣬲֮ĸ𷣡䣬˫ϥһ
Щԡ
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ŶȻףǵҪô죿
ȥ£ûͬ⣬Ͳ˭֪ʲôӹƭk֪㡱
............................................................................................................


2  28 

ĶУȻֻۣ𴽶΢һĨЦȾգ֪ģkȴ֪
ˣ˵ˡ
ԭһֱΪk֪С׳һðԹһۣ㵱ѪڿûסԸıŮȵһһͶİӡ
εֱҡͷǰúõվǰûб仯ûвߣҲͰģµĵأһʱ
˼
˼ᣬŮǽᶨˣ׷ףǵҴ򷢵ģȻ֪ǲԵģõõǣһж
ԣھ͸ø󣬲һ󡱡
һ뿪ҡ
ʲôʱҪ뿪õۣݵ˳һɴСߵ㡱
ҪЩӡ
Ȼȸؾᣬµ̯ӽʰʰǡ
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ȥ
˵ɣƳһҵ棬𵱳ǵļҵˣŰѣռŮǾԲӦʵġ
룬ҵȺ˶ﵽװʲô˭ҲŪ
Сˣ֪Լʲô֪ĳЩ£⣬ȴȫȻ֪޴
ĳסŭɷ򣬡ԹԵţҸ̸һֻңҲŮӣȴǿӲԽǲӡôǷֵıǱŮεøɾġ
Խֹȴ
ԷǳȷŮⲿȫϮɷһ޹ء
𣬲ǲˣɷɷ㲻Ϊβɷʵ˳޲һۣ̫̫飬һǸܻȫıΪ˸ĸ˽ϣԸĺܵõõһС
֪
㽫ߵˣǵɷڿǵɲڿĶࣿ
ڰ׷۶ų޲СԴ΢΢һ࣬촽ˡ
ͶˣֻΪκĲŴߣһ죬Ĳˣ뿪ǡһָǲǰ㵱һ򣬸ǰеĿǳ޲ӣҵĴٷˣǴûһ뿪޴ӷ߹㣬ˣǲܳԶɷҵġ

ڰ׷ӣһĨ
ûϵģʲôҶһ飬Բ㡱ģ𣬺Щѣ޲ĿڣŵϣҲﲻ֮ܳΪЦݵı顣
ЦǱһֺֻݺݵľţĳţҲɿ¡
ʹ
ġ
֪ǿĵ˵ôʧҲ
ϸһᣬĵ˵ͷתϷ򸾡
Ҿӡ
ף
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôıŮľŵô󣬾÷˵˻
ĻҲˣҲҪ
Ϊʲôü΢ܸΪʲôҪӣ
ҵİֱԣ˹ܣҲ޴ӷԼ£ֻҪʲôңҪʲôҲԹ
˵ףҪԲްˡ
޲Ц
㲢ûаĻʹģĿŮܿࡣ
ǿģҰ𡱣޲ǰĽС˶
𲻰㡱ĿһӶᰮأ𣿡
ᡱҡͷûô㣬ô㣬ĸǣᣬ鰮ΪΣǣ᳤һ̻ȥһˣҰһ㡱
ƾʲô϶Լǰģ㲻ץסһݶѡİ㲻ĵʵ
޲ûҵĸȷҵԽԽҲԹ˵ҲŬĻţΪôϣҲô
δٽӻ𣬳˼˵Ļȷʶ鰮ȷҪ
ҵǶ۰мӣҪǣҪ
ͨ£ûֹˡ
Ϊ˸ĸҲܡ
á֮ףС֣ͬһ첻ڳңԸؾֻҪߣû˿Բԡ
šĵͷ۶תһԿҪ󣬡ǵأ
˵ġ
ġӾȻͬˣǲܡ
ܡʮʮˣ޸ʱҲʮѣڣ޲Ҫŵһ죬𲻿ģǷǲݵġ
ǡ޲صţҾܰί
áʱˣȻȥЩ̽𡱡ӷűȵɷŮİŮһңظ
Ҫúõİץġ
ӵȫٺʲˡ
..............................................................................................................


2  29 

޲ǧֳʶĸ˵ʱڵȴһ֣Ȼ˼Ůĸ˵ĶͬҲʱܸı䡣Σĳʶʵ޷ġ
ҲΨԺĸıĸеĻ벻á𣬲
ܣĸоѰ˸ӵ£һۣȷ
Ȼܶ飬ȥȷ
ѾʮȴǸӣ٣з棬Ǹµĺӡʶ֪Ĺ
ðһ˵ãԣ
ʱۿžҪģһպùһգѾ֮󣬱뻨ϰʱɢԱ϶˯ʱ䣬ģһ
ڣӯȻʽڻֿԺеҩ㣬ҲԽǽƮڣʵζһ𣬲Ǻŵζ
ȴƫзӣЩζǡôƮǰһ
ҽߣǶֲֻͨݵ֣ʲôĻݵУȻֻҪ룬ֻ
һ㣬ǳϮŮ͡
ϷȥҴңûúõദһ㣬޲ġ
ǱһĿɽúõĸɺá˼ҵİŮҶԲ˳ĪŮһ˫Ҫˡ
һŮҲдţҲһһҪġ
ĥҩ۵һۣٽ۹ͶԶȥѾҪŷҰݷ𣿡
⼸ÿ±Ź̽޲ġ顱ɼжôȵϣ޲㿵ˡ
ʱһһյĹȥѾʱ䲻࣬һٵĴ㣬ȴϣҪһ֮
ڣ޲Ǿˣŷң϶¼ңĽݼңûĶ黹ꡣ

ʱȥҲûã˭ҲȰסһΣΪҵ²ǸӣȰˣֻȰȥϼֻͣõˡȫȻ޺ô£ΪҪȥ

˵ĵȷ
ӣ޲ֻӳĴ㡣
ãң֮ЩٻĿɽȥ
š
.......................................................................................................
պ󣬳޲𣬼ϳҺͳԽ֮ӳ˳СҺͳֵеҪĿȻΪ˱޲
ûоܾ
һˣһ䡱ˣ޷Աģѣֻôϱˡ
һӺڽһЩ滹һ̺ˣֱúõ˯һ
ظݳ
ͣͣٶȲǺܿ죬Ҫ˵Ҳˣǵ޲壬Ȼ˲ΪҪϡ
ľϢľ⣬첻ϵĶͬϰѧͲǵǸ޸֮ĳ޲
ǣʵ̫ˡ
Ҳã;ͷ羰صķ飬𶼲ǳŵˣеߣҲѵá
˰µʱ䣬ʵϣֻҪ͵ˣɼʵߵùˡ
ŷλԱĽ⣬ŷңĴ˴ŷҺһɽŷҵĲҵ
ɽŵҲŷĲҵԴ֮һɽһѾ꣬ŷҵõٵĺô㹻ľ֧ţŷұԷſ֮ǣȫȫ˾֮С
һΣŷû֮λҲҪڽߣŷҵţ˵ö֮ǵĿ֮һ
޲һվŷңɰŷֻˣʵϣ޲ûа˭ᣬ˭أôг̣ȫΪŷƹȥǶ¼ҺĽݼҡ
δͣף˴Ҵӭǰ
ŷһһ檣ŮȫҼжӭɼж࿴г޲Ŀ֮
޲ңءһһ˵ܵĺܣǰιˡŷˬЦĺܡ
ҽֳһԣԸ˳
¸һǣȴ⵱Ҫķˣ٣˵üֵ޵ġ
ŷˣ޲һֱţŻٳδŷݷãʧ񡱡ʮѷŷһ
桪
޲
ôĺӣòܾǡ
ɵһҪ˺Ը壬ģͦõһ¡
ǣ䳤һѽϳˡ
ֱǳŷ񣬳ŮŷݣŮŷˮݣŷãСŮŷݣϺϡ
гŷѳ֮⣬ӶŮδȢ
̣Ҳε졣
ͨӵܵĻǶԼڶԷǲˡ
ϣ볤޲һеĳҺͳضǼõĶ˶ſҵĲƸǲҪ˵ҵ꾭һվǱһӵ͵Ķࡣ
дһ룬ŷĪ
һվŷѵõĻܲúõİա
......................................................................................................


2  30 һ

ֻҪǮ˭Ҫݻԡе˶Խ¶ţɽĶûеطԷţҲҿ̻Ի͵ģǽһףΪ֮һҪǵϣںǱ¶ķǳ
ŷŴɼ˳ơµġ򻨲á֡µڽϣǿġ
Ŵѵӣ˼Ҳ˵ʱһ۶ᣬõµ֣ϵҫڽͬǰݺݵһѡ
ϣŷҲȷҵӣġҡ
ŷǸʵȵˣŷùмkǲµͣŮŷˮôŮŷݱԵùţŷ֮Ůʥ⻷˵ǰĪͦأĿĹޡ
ӵܣ꽣ͣӣǵУǲûǰ;ˡˣųٳûж˼ҡ
ͣ㲻˳ףҲͶ
Һͳѵѡ˽ǳǰ;ģӢͦһǿסĺˡ
ֻ۾ŮˣһϣȲİȥԷȡοŷˮݺŷݽǵõ˸׵ʾʾ˴ʱסԼļ볤ࡣ
ԣһһŷңγһɹķΧ
ŷ볤ŷǼе뾡ͳ޲ܰ¡ŷˮݺݽ۰Ͱ͵İųҺͳزš
һò˼СֱӲˣȨԷˣûпǡ
ǴУΪ˱ɩӣɲΪ˱ġ
ʢӷ磬ϵ᷿һаõ׵Ҳһ·Ŀ˵ԺúϢһȻǲû۵ȥҵȺ⣬ûɷԵġ
գһ磬ù֮ŷΪɣ޲鷿һЩ顣
ǳ޲ȢޣԼŮ޸ӣ˵ϣ֮ɸڳҺͳء
ֻ˶ΣŮıŮɲѰ˿Զġ
ڷϢ𣿡ŷų޲¶ңҪ̸£һŮ˼ңøԡ
޲ߵĽС˶ӯůЦᣬŷɷҲĲˣڲûȫ֮ǰԣԷⷢ
ʵȻ
壬ͺÿԵжˣֻҪ̫ݵĻȫȻ
Ըһ˴Լ£š
޲廹û𣿡ŷһһ𾪵ŵĿų޲ŷΪѾκء
޲Ц̼һʱҲòˣڣŷ˵޷Ҫ޲Ч͵ĵطܿڣֻҪ޲õһж
úúáŷһô˵ȫȻķˡ
ĵĵģһڣ᲻Ҫ̫ء
ĵı۶ǵҪ̸£һȤҲûС˵ʵ޲λûһϲġ
ʲô£һ鳶ϻرζ
ûʩһҪֻǣ壬̸׼۸񣬺ȥȵһе׶Ю౨Со
鷿ϣůůĹԽ̨йУһڣĿ俿ɽȴԶ羫ᡣ
뿪̫ˣõѾʼǶĿˡ
޲Ҳ㣬˴ѡŷҲڱУʱҲһֱڰг̣ٹ£ѡʱ򣬲ͬһ̨ǰ˺󱲣ɲ룬ۣڣ˭۶
ŷʼʱ֣ȻŪɲֵģ̫ĸ֣۵ң䵱ȵ¸صϵһֺ䵱ɳӲμѡŷҵİգ֮١
۵ŷһƽ䣬ŷҲʵûжٰտԶǶԪĽݺ书Ϊ¡
Ψ֮ƣҪٳɡ
ǰЩʱ򣬽ʢǰ۰ֵĳܸһѧֻҪѧһаʽܺн˿ɵ
Ȿܸȴûҵ
賤޲ͣһʧܸںηѰһаʽֵ
գ޲һ
ԣϣ޲ܴΪһܸʧҲϧ
һ㶼ϧ
ϵЦȻůůţ޳ѳЩ⣬ֻйͷ֣ץסСš
⣬
ֻŷἰǱʧԾõܸڳҵĿⷿǳԶȥġ
ʱ䣬ֻҵһϮһͽܣֻϧòҵͽܣȥû죬˰Ҳϰ䡣
쳤Хүۣ˼ңⱾϡ䱦ʿ֮֮ı˳ҵĿⷿҳ档
֮ǰἰ䣬ǿԼԱ˵ʵһĴڡ
ŷͳŵ;;𣬡޲æǴѶȣǣһλӴ˻ǽӴʧܸˣ޲ܽ˼֪Ǳܸڡ
֪볤˽֣ӴǱܸˣָ
õġŷ˿ŷ뵽д˿ܣԣѾؤѾʧٶģ۹ؤݷ糤볤֮
ôڹؤںδ
ɽŷĵ
............................................................................................................


2  31 ·

ĳ
ǰѡؤŷңó޲ڵһʱȷǷ񡰹ؤʧѾõܸйó޲ŲʱѾĸɽѰǸ֪ǲɽġؤ
ŷԼûаյ飬ȴȻĽɱȥԹ
ô˶ĳ޲ԼûаĶͷԹȥ
ɽ
ôңԶ
һһأ·ٵЩӣҪ˵Ѱܸ湦ѡˣؤûš
޲ϵŵЦŷһΣ֪ԼҪĹһ㣬Ҳֻ롣
򣬾͵˺ŷңҲ
ȿȡ
ŷڵɤ޲ŷǿˡ
ǿ׻
Ȼ޲⣬ŷźг̣һ·ϵɽ˼ƫͲѿҲԶԶ˵ʱǲ̫ģưͳԻпҲ˵

ҪȥӦ
޲ĿȤ񣬷۵СƽʱƲ⣬ȥɽ
ȥʡ
ף˵ɽʮ꿪һλɽѩȻѩģҲҩֻǣɽѩ˵Լ֡ҲĻ
Լɽѩǿɰ뷨ҲֻóгŮСĿȾҲǲܡ
ãǾȥɽЦعͷЩŷİţСֶȫԸ
úúáŷˣͷЦòˡ
ֻҪ޲Ըһˣ֮λһ롣
....................................................................................................
νһϲҳ
һ£ŷû뵽޲һߣҺͳضȻ󣬱ңŮﻹлȥڡ
³˼һûü˼ءŷˮݲĳŸ׵䣬ӲǲС
԰԰ҲǣûиŮúõ˵һ仰ءŷݸӵĲˣصĲǶĿζ˾Ҫζʲôã˵һףһ׵ġ
ŷŮһۡ
ǣ˳ҺͳǻŮļƻֻǣ֮λһС
ˣ˼ҿǶһ˼ûУȡ֣Ҫ޲ΪǵԭԸɽĲǡ
ô
ˡ
СĽãôЭ
˺ˡŷֱüͷ޲ɽ֮󣬵аն֮λʱǾǧݶôҪʲôûС
ֻҪҡ
ֻҪء
һһ䣬˭Ҳãԣǲ˿һȻĻеͷ
˺ˣʱҪ˭Ϊ취
⻹ࡱŷˮˡ
ǾͶȵȰɡŷʱЭ
ŷҵĵλˣҲǵĵλʱ򣬾Ǽ޵˳ңǵݵλǵûûңңﳤ˵λ
Ҹмء
ۼŮŷ˿ӣһͬУһ·㣬ɽ֮󣬾޲һң۹ؤݣмʱأ򣬾ˡ
ǣŷصĵͷӦǡ
....................................................................................................
ǰ󲻹գǱٶ̣һεг̰ſɾͲ˵㣬Ƶ·лΡ
Ϊ˸Ͽ죬һ·ĸϡ
Ը˵İţԼԸԷ޷ϣΨһ֮Ƿֵ롣
ŷŵг̣Ҳˡ
ͣͣͣ˰죬㲻ˣһ·ϱȥֻҪǸ˶ⱻôš
ҡһͣ
غŷҲͣԵĿų̽ͷСŮˣ봿ÿ˿һΣƲۡ
ҺͳϰãΪɩŷȴȻò٣ô˶ȴǵһμ
ֻϧ˶޸˳޲ˡ
ô£ŷʵ˻ʲôҪ
ڰ׷ȴûӣɨһۣٿ˳ڵĳ޲һۣҺͳ޲ٸ·ˡ
ٸ·
ôԣǻץʱ䵽ɽҵؤóܸ䣬ûؼҽظһһأ·;ԭңԶٵȥĻ˵һˡ
Ϊʲô
ȸϵɽóغһɽˣǺϣʱҵˣҲϵˣ˷ʱ䡱
˵
ֻǡ
ŷǾòס
УֻǣɽôѾҵʱͷأ
ҵؤ֮󣬾ɽɽµȣϣ֪ôǵġ

ɲԷԡ
شȻǲԣΪСѾڣӦˡ
֪ˡޱӦŷ֣߰ɡ
䣬С
ŷΪѵ࿴ȴòڳصֲ⣬ֻһ·ңȻȵɽ£ѰЩһɽҹؤ
Ǳˣǽͬ򡪡
ֱغŷ˺ѾӰҲЦĳ磬ɩֿɽˮȥˡ
ûڣ޲Ц𣬡а취
ߡɰС˶һۣһ
....................................................................................................


2  32 

豻һڶѹ͸رЩԭ޹ؽҪطһҪȥ¡
ᣬеá
޲֪ʧܸڣȥһ˶ԩ·ֻǣⱾʧܸδóɣǲܽŷǽϵκһˡȻ޷ûɽûмؤŷҵõʧܸôΪ˲ŷʧ
ҲΪԼĽ黹壬޲óһһ˳ңڳҵĿⷿѰһʧѾãȴѧܸ
ţģ͵ˣǴпΪġ
˴˻ᣬ𣬿Ĵ߹䣬ɽѩԻٿǵкܳԶؼһʱ
ݵɽǱؾ֮һļĴɼĿſŴӭӰƮҡϣСϣڣһССˮϣƮӺϵá
Ҳع֮ˣľãѷһССѣһ棬ԷչļĿ졣
šջһ䣬ţţ־;£á
һسңٶȻصĪҪ죬ǲʱ䣬ԣҶڻ
ڼ䣬Ƿ޿Ժúõദûгκһ˵ĴţԼĶ硣
޲ЦЦЩ¶ʱ̫ԶС㹻ģ󣬴ԼĸĳĿ
Цʲô
ߵ˺ðˣĴһֱЦЦģ˿ʵڲ⡣ûЦ飬ΪʲôҪЦôġ
޲΢ֲĿɰСرȴҲԼκϲ벻
Ȼÿĵ£ʵ֮١Ȼãõ£ҲǾȻˣر
Һܸˡִ֣һ죬ǣİŮˣ£ΪⱲӶܻʵֵ󡱡񣬲ԸģǸࡣ
壬еĺõÿˡ
ġ򶾵䣬߽ϵЧĺãҲ˺һӡ
ˣ΢΢һ
Ǻ£̫˻ʹࡱ
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ʵǱ㲻ѡ
Ȥϲʵ޲
ǳ˵䡱֣ڵٻ˼࣬ĺܺãѰһѲֻҪڼɡԣЩһҪ̫ǲˣ˼
˵ţʵδţ£ҲֻǣǰһԣҲˡ
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֪޲ţ˵书ΪԣŻ棬ѧܸҲġ
ˣЩ¶Ҫڵ壬ʹ书ͺá
áΨǴӡ
£Ҫ־˶Ǿĵģֻǣͬ볤޲ľģԸȤ¡
ɢ
ͲȤеһ֣ĵų޲ڡɢŲˡ
ôˣ߼ͣ£޲ʡ
ҡҡͷָָָһԵľΣϢģҪȥɢһȦ㡱

죬ǿɰС˶޲ЦΪһС£˵棬ֵĴƣ΢΢ʩЩǰһͬõλӣһͬ¡
ǲߣС
ף㲻Ϊʲô
һʿĲ𣿡֪ģСĿɽҰɽּˣϰɽĺϢǲһ㣬Ҳ˴ꡣŷ䲻ȴǱȲĿɽģο˶ӵĿջء
ǰ΢΢̧СʣңţĿɽǸõطҲ˺þòǶġ
һĨ졣
չۣС뻳УӵţЩһˣǾͻĿɽ
..........................................................................................................


2  33 մ

ûв͸ǽҲԶûвص׵ܡ
ο£Ĳ̫أΪ֮һǾǿ֮һôŷҵһһȻǷܹעġ
޲һڵŷҵһգҺĽҲͬʱյϢϢҶԣǺݺݵĳǵϴһǶ⡣
ڣʱĲˣʱʱ̣̿κһ£пʤĹؼŷһᣬúòŹ֡
ң޲ҲˣеݣǵŭϨ˲١
ŷһֱѰҡʧܸͲʲôˣһΣó޲ȡܸȷеص㣬νƾãҲ˷ѡ
˵ıǽ֪
û·ϹҺײҲˡ
ŷƺŪŵ˵ʲôҲŷҶݱУҲֵܷһ
֪ߣ԰һ·ų޲һУ׼벶ϻȸں󡣴˴಻Ū˾֪˭ҾҲ˵׼
ֵıмҪֵã򲻿ܵġ
ļֻҪ΢е͵ˣһҲͿˡšջĿͷͲãͨҲڲ
˶ˡ
ǿջȻԷס꣬˶࣬Ҳ֮е¡޲һδص֮ǰҪһۣκһƽƽ޳ˣ˵һ̱ܺ¶֡
ˣò仰ںСʱ򣬱塣
ԽƽˣԽҪע⣬ˣûеĿ£Щ˼¶ˣԶԶ¹ǰһ֡
䣬Ҳʩչ䣬д˳֣һƺã
㲻ҪšСδͣЮϵĲСǸʳźС

ڶʳ֮ѡ񣬴ôԼ˶ء
ﲻǾᣬǳң಻ŷҵĺԺбҪƹĽһķ˲ǲóԣȴζ̫أµ̫㣬塣
ţ޲΢΢̧ͷԷĺ棬ΪʲôΪʲôֵֹģ
֮ǰ˴һЩԭΪûбҪģڿ׼źáСַ¿ӣѾԱ޲İ׷ֻǳ֮һҳԱˡתҪ뿪ͷ
޲Ũü΢̷е꣬ûκεʳʳθͷĶǳԲߡ
ȵȡһ죬ᳶĽСӣһȥ
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.............................................................................................................


2  34 ֮

ԭеĻҪӡ
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..........................................................................................................


2  35 ķ

ǣӶ±㷢ˣЩ˾룬һֻһֻôǲʧӰû١
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...........................................................................................................


2  36 СС

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....................................................................................................


2  37 ҽҽ

޲ûüʲô˼תۣشŷҴҸϻŷңŷѾ߶
һɽʱŷ볤˿ʼͷѰҡؤ䣬ŷһУˤȣҶлˮɱ̹ǣŷЩɹ˫Ⱦûôˡ
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.........................................................................................................


2  38 ʩ

ټķ䣬ûжٿռŷһ˼ϴϵһа˸һźѾˣһУʮˣزУȥϢˡ
ûݣüͷֳ棬ʵн뷨Ĵݣװ˵ĸоʵ˸жϢ
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ȻһֻҪ߱ҩЧĶԣûκһҩҩЧǿϽıǣҪκȣҲֻϽˡ
ãȥҡһҧŷǻȥˣϰΡ
ûҩҲǰΡ
˵ȥҡ
֮ǰûҵҲȥˣҵˣҲȲˡ
ҡһѣŷô꣬ڽҲеλû˿˵ɫа䷴֮
޲ῴӣȴǰӶ
޲Щ̣ǣ֣һԣĶС𣬲κ𣿡
ȲΣΪ˵Ǽٵ𣿡ڰ׷۶һۣҪκȣҲҪúҩģϽʲôԣ
ûʲôԡ
˵ģ
Ҳû⣬ֻǣȱһҽ߸ĸģԼǸ򣬸Ҫʲôĸġ
ǿϽģŷҸպУŷǽضˡ
ⱲҲꡣ
ŷѾȥϽģ㲻
ȻСٶҡͷ治ɫķϼϽģһκӵȣ˭֪᲻ӦһУΪ֮ǣϽҲ٣Ҳһʱġ
һʱ
ղ˭˵֮ǰϽҳŷȾûþˡ
ҿҵȷλãȥáȰһУҪ
ŲҪҡͷҲŲҪɫ
Լ飬ΪʲôҪָˡ
Ƿޡ޲ٶ̾׵ʵҴӦ飬һ
ģЩ֡
İ⣬ҲΪ룬ðɣɲŸհκһЩֵԸˡ
ˣֻҪóϽģһκӵȾǡ
ðɡõ֤ˣ޲һ
ԺƤż׽Ūһ±ˣȴһ¡ǲҽ߸ĸһ˵ܼ͸ó֡
ġ
Ķֻͣܣûرô֮˺졣
⵱֮ˣȴȽ⣬һ죬ҪջеһУһϣԼӲ߹һ⡣
...................................................................................................


2  39 

Ϊ˱ӣŷòԼͷ⣬ʵвʣϽǺε֮Ҳ֪ȻȣֻõϽİˣ֪Ͻŷˡ
зĵͶԻݲݹ츳Ů»ʲô滨֪ġ
ֻǡ
Ͻ֪٣鼮ϽܵҲ࣬ƹֻ裬л
ϸĿŷһϽĲĻҲҵˣûϽĵζɫǳһЩûϽĵˣ޷׼ȷֱġ
ֱ磬ŷóνϽġ
Щʱ䣬ϸϸϽģʼΪϵĽɫ׺ϵĽɫĩþ֮µɫ
ȷ֮󣬲֪ǵȷǽɫȴǳü
УŵǹĻζ
һȻüͷСһת뿪ŷķһߣʲôҲû¡
ŷһȻ뾪ţŨŨĲ⣬޲뿪˷ţ첽ߣһ죬סߵĵ
ȵȣȵȣ𣬵ôܸ𣿡ı䣬ȻΪһõϽģ
ȶһ٣ףС𣬺ڰ׷۶ɨһۣŷȻǸϼ޻

˻Ӻ˵
ȵȡ
һ꺣Ǽٵģģȷôһ¡
ðɡһ֣С뻳Уһʱת֪ߵĶȥ뵱ֻͷӬˣ˵ûŷȷЩϼ޻ƣûĵˣλ
Ҳǣ۶һƲЩͬССӣ
֣øˡ
ҼңǼң̣뽭ϵνҲͬҲʹΪ٣ǣʱȴòҳ㹻ʱαߡ
һ֮ѡ
ǣô˵ôǺòãȻŷѾóϽģһŷȣᣬǲͬġԺһҲԺˡһΣΪϽĺ𣿡
ҪǱ˷أ
ģһСģºǱˣŷҲûκȥһϽģΪѾҳΪ˲𣿡ʵЦһȥ㲻Զ֣һָñĴ֣ţ
ŲҪҲߣ˵ҲףԼ֡۶һĹĵģУסĻһҪϽģûϽϾȥŷһ˯
ǡŲԸŷһ˯ҲԲᡣ
򡱱Ȱˣŷ˿ɼһ㣬ΪϽǼٵġǿ֪һ˲Ҫƽǿ֮ѡ
Ѱ
ûã޲ڣȰˡ
Ů˵ģ޴ӷ򣬸ùԹԵĴɷɷ˵ʲô͸ʲôûƢ¡
޲⡪
ŷûˣ˵°ɣúõΪֵȡ޲ЦַסЩ֪ŷ
ǡ
˵ȶˡ
ŷ
ֻʩ룬޲һ㿴ţңҩͯһɩʹްԹԡ
־ͱһڲ˺
רעҽεСȾãӣᣬۣЦԽԴϲˡ
ʱջ룬뿪
õҪϽġ
𡪡

ɫ磬˯ˡ

𣿡

Ѿˡ

һϣһҹкۣҲһԽиͣԼȥ˯ƫ߳ȥˡ
Ͻ𣬻ҶֿǸô
ҩˮֻҪҵҩģͿϡ
һУŷҵѾѾǲһͬȥţ޲һٺģһ۱ʶŷȴȻǸУ٣ҪЩʱ䣬ŻŪףϵһ꣬Ǽٵġ
֮ǰ
ǾѾ뿪ŷҡ
һ룬һλŷλҲŷҶĶǸм٣ˡ
Щġ
û𣿡ŷȷʣҽߣǿ뻵
ɵİŪ࣬ͷδ̧θҲѣȻúõĳϲ𣿡
..........................................................................................................


2  40 ȥ

֪ΪΣĻЩֵֹģϸ֮£Ҳ֪Ķ֣˵һûˣŷҲúõϣûΪҪ֫Σղ
ǣŷʱһ
Ⱥ֮ǰҪ鷳𡪡
鷳ң۶һ̧ŷڰ׷գգ͵ģգЩĻŻţΪʲôҪ鷳ңҸѾ꣬ģϡ
ʲôĴ
ŷһҧһڡ
ЩûõɹŴҪõĻҪһСϳЩãŷҵļҪ￴˵ɫ
ߡ
һССѾͷֺˡ
𣬲˼ạ̇̄Ⱥ֮һҪϳңĹú˵ĹܽС
˼ĺܡȻѾûгԵθڣǾ͸ˡ
죿
޲ǡŷĿ޲
޲΢΢һЦʮ񣬡ŷ˵ûģѾŽֻҪúõչֵܣЩҲûˡ޲¼ҺĽݼңҲ֮ա
ٵȥλǻ
޷Ǹƽƽȣˡ
ˣ˶ѡ
ʲôŷǴ󾪣ϾҪҺĽȥˣŷúллǡ
ŷѾΪˣŷҲÿʼæµ޲һУҲٶţ°֮һʱ䣬޲Ȼٶŷ߶ţʱŷҪЦ
ôᣬǶҲŸˡǿõĺܣ֣ԼҪʡ²ٵ
ŷ˿ɲῴ޲ģضǸ˲ˡ
οѰ˾ƲܻеܣֻҪ޲Ϻúõϵܣ⽭֮У£˭ߵù

ҺҺãĿǰΪֹ޲ûκεҰģŷҲ֪żʲôطȥˡ
ֻǡУһǣǶӣҪͻʣʱֲڡӹҽȻûǸҽΡ
û£һҩһţҩץҩ±ɡ
ҩ֮ϣҲֻһζҩ
ǾͺáŷˣҲٶˣҪϽʵǼٵģʱСһ²ŷңһߺе⣬ŷȻƲһɶȻ£ŷҲǿǣʰ㣬ŷ·
ǾлŷˡҵӿڣһͷҲԵθȫޡ
ٺһ٣ڿ뿪Իط׼ˣûŷͣ˼ҵҹϵ׺ͣ˽µ٣˶ٿȥˡ
ʱ򣬳ǸƵˣٸȤ£ҲἫڲԼĺģԸĶﷺķٷҲᡣ
һβ̲ͬסˡ
ɩΪŷκ˵ȡҲ̫ˣɩٺãҲʩʩ룬һ˫Ⱦͱˡǲʩʩ룬ϣҲȥ
˵ˣȻúõϡͷظš
ȵȻϣֻǡֵֹġ
޲ȤδپϿÿĶʵϣܲãǲõġ
ãԼдһܣúõĵƽȥ
ŷûΣ֮⣬Ȼǰһ𣿡һ޲ʵ

Сһֱǰڳ޲ʣûκδŽ͵ӡֵܻһۣɫȻһ䡣
ŷҿԿ˽ȴ侮ʯʱ̣滨һǷһ˫ȣжĴٲһЩһ̱һӶվ
ȣ־
𡪡޲ס𣬶Сۣ˵õġ̾ԣһֱ֪ģԭΪЭˡ
Ҳţֱӻӣ˵õģõϽģҲȣŷˣ٣Լ·κΣһ±ɵĵԭҲֲ
Ǿȥκ𣿡
á붼룬ܾԽֻ࣬ԽԽ棬ŷҲǸ٣ⱲӿԹڣҪһƽϵ˽¶Ҫǲͼ˻ôۣˡǷҲġ
ڲɵˣĳ
Գҵǣ˵İŷҡ
˵ûǣûдҲŷŷͬ·Ҳ
Լ͸Լգ˾
򡪡
к壬Ȥ
𡪡
ҪȥͣһԸһõδ֣ɨһۣͷҲصת뿪
ߵôǴ⣬Բڸĵġ
飬˲𣿴ԥʲôʲôʲô˵ʲô
αȴҲʵЩԲСӰ޲ֻ̾ķݣ˵ûдֻȥһˣŷδҸ㲻Ȱɡ
һεľվôֻٺúõȰȰ𡪡
Ȱ˵Ļ
............................................................................................................


2  41 

֮䣬ӳһ̣㲻ͬͬ˲ͬ˰֪򲢷ǡ߲һ·ѡһ˵ĿԼѡ񣬶Щˣű˵ѡԼ
磬ŷѣɫԾɲ԰ף٣Ѿѹ޲һΣǴеһΡ
֡
ŷֺúţǧ޲󲽿ǰŷ񰴴ϣ֣ŷϣͣƬ̡
Ƭ̣㹻˽ŷ˺ƽ
ɿ֣ǰ£ûбˣֻ봲ϵŷΪۣÿÿ˵·׼Ȼ˻ֻ᷸Ҫ˸ö᷸ЩС
ߵգ֪ǸϣϧӵеģֻŸʸҪࡣҸĽ٣ǽգҲɡ
һ磬ǱҪ뿪ڣصŷִеġ
ߣŷ⣬ô׵ù뿪޲ֲЩ𣿡
ˣж¡ĽҵҪٵȥʱϻϲ

ȻˣŷҲȷǿˡ
Ǿһ·˳磬ӡһͣӸס°Ҳͣ¡
̫úǣڹãͻûµġ΢һ٣޲ίתƻ⣬ŷλֵǷĳи־
ŷҵĳӣҵ𣿡ŷ³˵ͷһ𣬱ŷҵĳӵһ㣬ų޲ᣬΪǵһġ
ֻǣ޲ΪСţ£ͬС㱻ɼ̳˵ѵţб·ɽһУܱСʵס
˶ӦԼֵмǲǿ󡱡
˵ȸĪĻŷԥ˰죬Сѯʣ޲֣ǲϿʲô
ûʲô޲ЦֻҪֵܲǿԼıԼ⣬δӣǿԷǳҸġƽҸ֮ŷҽıʣǺεȵѵáŷ⣬ŷӹһ١
ʱң˵Ŀ
ǡ
װ׵İԼǰʲôȤԣֵܺúǣģҪٲġ
ðɣлл޲ֵѡŷ˵ͷΨ֮ƣҲˣֶˣվ˲
Ҫ׼Ķֻܶ࣬Ҫʰ׻ϴѺЩ֮ǰŷʱ׼һЩ
ͰѶ׼ˣ˵ߣ·ˡ
޲ȥŷˣҺͳرŷŮţ޵ȥģôЩӣҵֵûкúõĿŷá
ǳɣ۲Ȼ벻ǵۡ
ŷôģĻᣬôܲúõãҺͳһߣҲŷˡ
׵ˡ
ֻһˣġ
ţҽ飬ֽ׼ãһ߷ҽһдʲôװҩģϽڣȻѾѿԭˡ
רע޲Ŷûзϻʱһһ˵㲻ٸ˵޲˿Цķݣ
棬ȴˣѪ᲻ЩϤˣ۵ϼԴ۵С
ģȻ׼ͨǲͬġֱһ㣬Ĵȱ
𡪡Ķ棬Ŀһӣרעģֻǣʱ򣬿ˣñӵĳףע
ķѵЩҽҩҪ
ðɡ
òϣĸһĸȻҽҩҪ
廹ûȫܲ˵ȴġ
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ȥ¼ҺĽݼ𣿡
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ðͷ¼ҺĽݼغŷһǾһ㶼ˣóңԼԻȥ
У㣬Ҳġ
ʲô÷ĵġֵˣгͿԷ𣿵ﻹܷԼء
㡪
ðɡȥ˷ѿˮ㡱ӻͳһСƿ
ʲô
ûӽ˾ᣬ˵ˣֻСҲ
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ɡͷ꣬ĶĶ
Ҳ˵ʮĿܣҲඣ
һȥ𣿡
ҪȥĶˡպȤ¶һȥ˵֪ŮĪ֪ȤڣԣǻҵϲĶҪȥĵطҪεˡ
ô˵ǸȲһٶҵϲ¶Ȼ󣬴ŮʧĿɽʧھѰ
졪
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ףڰ׷۶̧һΪʲôֲҲؼҵ·
Ҳؼҵ·Ҳؼ˵ޡ
˵¼ҺĽݼҲ벻ıͺŷϽһ㡱
𣿡
ȥҿ
԰ҴϽҲøҵĲ𣿡

ǡôɣھؾᣬҺ϶¼ҺĽݼ֪һ£ĿɽѰҡ
Ϊʲô
Ҳˡۣ˵Ϲ
ֲˡһ̽ƭˡ
Ĳ
...........................................................................................................


2  42 Լ

֮£ʮа˾š
Ҳ٣¶ࡣֻΣ֮£նΣ˵ڵһʱ
޲ϻǸسŵˣԣһ¾ѡһֻҪţлᡣȴֻһ뿪ŷңһб·϶ңĽң޲ֱӻĿɽȥ
ճŷҲãǻ·㱻ǾͲòıĿĵأתҶ
ǵŷҲãҲ˸棬פŷ뿪һ̤ŷңһĿĵأȻ֮޲ġ
飬졣
ԭŲ˭ڵ˭ֻǣҵıΪ̫Уе˿Ų
𣿡
һһ롱޲ǸȻһЦ֮ǰѾ֪ңŷҵ鴦֮󣬱ǱȥἱУҲûеġһ˭Ҷ£Ҫʹʲôֶοɶûаô
Ƕù㣬ʩ뱨ҲüͰ͵֪ǣڴ
ȷ޲̧ͷ죬һȷڼҲ̫ãȫ޷˽˵뷨Ż˵ʵȻСĳЩ£ǳɳؾḶ́ϣŷһǡ
һ鷳ͷҲأɳ۵ľ£ͣȴҲùССڡ
ȷвõԤС
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ǻ
£ͷǵûаĸмеĶȻǱԹ
˵ģԭƫģƫУмˡ
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ҪԶҽСԣһɲ¡ֻǡúñ˵ڲˣݣδʲôĺԼȻеǣȺ
ֻҪµһУ˳ȻˣϾ˵ģǿȲá
۶֮СԴ˻֪һ·ֶ˺Щ˸ǣһȺƨţˬ𣿡
ûС
ڽ˾ǳԱûеǹԣԣȻԣһ֪㳤޲ǸûƢúˣһ϶ˣûΣֲ˵
ı飬ƽǣûзˮĴУǲ˵ģȴûʧȥǣһʵ
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취С
ǲǺð취ǾҪ˶ˡ
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.........................................................................................................
ŷҲͬԪһӣδȢޣȴҲδޣֻδǶ¼ҴүԼµģɲǶԪϿɵġ
ҲڳҪȢҵŮ
дⲻ˵ģϴ֮󣬶ԪȻȥϢе飬Ϣۡ

֪ʲô⡣
һطִϳ޲ȷԽԽˣϰ䣬ҵϢмĹϵһ㣬֮ǰɲϵ

£Ҫõ̫ˡ
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ȷҪšСֱ֣ĺһ翪ʼٶȵҪûһģҪõóףǸˣô˵һЩ˵ߣȻҪĴˣһ没ǼٲԸ˵㡣
׵𣿡
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𡪡̾Ϣ
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ҩ
㲻˵ҵĲѾҪҩ
ǰǸԵģôװúãԪɲСޣһ¾ƭùģֻҪҩ裬ۼ⣬ϺҲ

...........................................................................................................


2  43 

ǡҩ
ҽͼΪ϶ȴǲò֮⣬ҩ֮һҹΣ˯üãһ磬糣ûκεĲֻҪ۾ԿóǸˡ
װģֻɫ飬ֻһòˣŻеģ
һϦ֮䣬һҹ޲ֱǰǸˣԪȻϳ̽Ȼ֪ŵӡ

޲ٶԶԪ˵ȫȻǻ¡˳ó޲ڶ¼Һúõ֮λڶ¼Ϊֹ
磬졪һֳ⸱ģɫˢһ±ɫ
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ǲ԰ףƵɫ˫Ŀ鸡ʱһǿһķ磬԰ߡ
޲ʧЦû£ֻһʱ𣬷ҩ衱ģһʵǳʶˡ
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Ϊ˲֧ʹ˳һۣΪʲôǵʵأ鱨ҲһǵָʹָʹǸʶ¼ҵҪǱʲôЩˣǺ뿪


᲻̫˵㣬Ҫ̶ֳȰɣǳһǶ¼ңܵи޶Ȳǣ²ӦòʨӴ󿪿ڵǰ·һ·ıɡ
ٹ¾ִᣬʱıεһεû⣬٣ʮڣӦòỻˣʮ겻Ҳпܡ
ˣûлܳͷء
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ǾͲҪȿΪʲôҪôִţ֮ԼȻģԼأǻʧ䣬᲻
ûпʼ֮ǰѾע˲
˵ҲֻǡԪЦ˵һСС֣ˣŸģûпǲĵġðɣǾͲ˵޲ǾڣǾúϢȵִڵ֮գһͬȥִĽΡ
ô׾ͷˣ
²޷޲ԿΣ޲ԵԪȻִᣬôδȻԿִ֡
޲塪
ġ
˭˵㲻Ҳã˼Ҷ˵ˡ
磬Ȼ²ô˵ҿˡȰ
ǲɸĵġ޲Ц²֡
Ԫ֣޲Ŀһᣬ˽Ⱥ򣬼žã޲˫Ŀ
ĵĺƲرϲŭ
ԪǽţΣϵһϵĵλܳΪһεô¼ұзҲ԰ȥ¼ҵڡ
޲Σ
˾š˵һ
˾ţ
ʲô
˾ŵˣͲʮңһ书˿ɵԼǵͬһգϵĲɣᣬһ䣬ֻòףӣӽͨ죬ȴ޷޲Ϊ졣
˾ţ𣿡Ԫʣ߽꣬Խ֮¸ǲİȴδ˵˾һ
˭
..........................................................................................................


2  44 ͬ

ڳļˣûһ֪λ˾šǺηʥϴûһҲˣվóеϺţ˼ǵסģ˵ĻϡеĺܡϵļңŸɣһĬĬˣ
㽭أǰյҵճ֮ǰҲ˼ϾҪִᣬҪμӵˣҲ࣬иţ򣬹һˣʲôá
֮λ书ȻҪȴ书һУе˶һλ书ٸߣҲᱻ֣Ҳͻᱻ̨
ʱ򣬴ͷβɾǰæһˡ
ƺˡ
ɣ
ĪаôҪλôһĬĬСȥ϶ͬġ
͹ˣûаңȴûһܵġݵҲаѷֵһˣ޷϶ǺˣǻˣǺ»¶һԶС
֮ͬһ
Ƿ޾ͺԣĻ²ֻ࣬Ҳ
ԭѷ֡
һβһˣ²Ѱ˿ԶԸ˵ġˣһվûмǰСеġ
ǴƺɢϢ
Ƕ²Ͳǿˣ¼Ҳ£˲ɣʹ˰Ǿܣֻһһȫ޻ڱɡԪ̾Ϣ
ĺ֮⡣

Ҳǲɽܡ
ֻǣĽϧģŬ飬ȻϣõõĽ
į֮ɫڡ
޲ȴĬ²ŷÿһִ̫ǽգһС
һӣĳһһ£൱Ĳء
²ڽϵĵλѾֻҪúõķչ¼ҵص㣬¼ңûġ
𣿡Ԫ˫һܱҲû䣬Ҳ֪ˡ
ġ޲صĵͷ
ǾͺãǾͺáһж֮λǧˣΪĲһλӣ̸ףΪΪ˶ʵѹ㣬Ҳʡġ
ȷ
˶֪ȴִУ޷԰Ρ
²б·Ը𣿡
ʲô¡һᣬǰס죬ûҲסö²úõддǣ޲Ҳúúõӡ
.................................................................................................................
˵һһǺҪģļƻ׵пʱصĸı䣬¼ҼҴҵĽ޲¼õĲһ˵ˡ
ԪܺÿͣһûϵĹҹһܺƢĳд൱ܵˬʵӣһȺСĴơ
¼ûرͼó޲֮࣬ҲҪװָһӣɡ
죬˶¼Ҹĵطеľ£ǱĽݼңȰĽݼҵȫ׵֮ٻݷá
ȻҲǿǣǵʱ䣬϶¼ߣӣ²ǵǡ
ǡ޲ЦŵͷƬ̵ĳ󣬿ԪĶ·ˣ²ɷһ˵
á
ˣȺֱȷ˲˵ԣͣ½Ų²һ뻹ǸһΪá
˵
²ĸòҪš
һ棬Ԫһܸ߲ôһ𣿡
޲չܵʱ򣬲Ųѣĺӣͯ޼ɣʲô˵ʲôҲûаĻһ¡
ֱ鷢Դʱ޲Ѿ˶֣ܲٻȥ˵
ʮҲ֮󣬰ԭƻ²ĸӦûһѾһһͬ뿪¼ңɽ»ѣɽʱ£²ĸˤ˽ϹǣɥΪƽû̫ҲĿҪ
ԪȻ죬΢ŵ죬˺
ʱǼҳ㷹ԪȴֻȢһޣȢ֮δٿŮ˰ۡ³֮ʱ֮࣬㲻ڶ̥񣬶ңҲֻһӼ̳дҵ
֪ˣڿʼһһֱ뿪¼Ұ벽
Ǿͺá޲ͷ
飬ע˿ɸġֻҪҶʵʱкܶණǿԶùܵùġ
.......................................................................................................


2  45 ߺ

ĽݺҪ󣬻УɵһֻҪ޲һֱִ
ǿԿƣҲǼʶʶһԲڴ˵ʶʶҲȷ൱Ҫ
緢ʲô£Զڹһʣ֪
Ҫֱ׳ľܾĺѡ
ԣӦˡ
ִỹнµļ䣬һ֮ĽݼҲŻ̸ϲμִᡱϣִҲȻϾС
ǰҪ¡
Һͳػһۣ飬֮Ҳʮ£ŷҵ飬ҲҪôá
뽭޹ϸһִϣĽݼһͬʱ򣬿˵ˡ
ǸȾףһȥɾͲ벻뱻ȾȾɫ
ҪͷɣĽݼҽãͲʲôܡ֪أֻҪڲμִĹУĽݼҵЩʲôվҲǾ˶ѡȻĽݲֻҪͬһʱ䣬ôͬɡ
ûжʧ
磬ҲĽݲΪʲôҪʱ䣬ֱִæ÷ֲкˡ
ͬҪͷңһ㣬ĽݼҲ£˲ٵˣסĽݼңźĽݼһͬϵҲ
ĽݼҿνַǷ
𣬲֡
ȷе˵൱֡
ǣĿġһһ
ģĽݼ
ĽݲλĻһλŷ˼Ҳ߹հ˹գصò²ʵڣ뷨ȴû̫˼
ΪˣŻ뿪֮ǰѶ²Ǽ˵൱Ҫ¡
ĽݲûʲôҪ󣬰ȴһС֪һ˾ŵ꾭ˣôûгı֮ǰĽݼҾٶŬҲ޼¡
ıҪ˾
סɽȥ̫ˡһԺסϺüˣͬɵҲ˵ҲЦͬɵĸԺ䣬ִһմչȭţúõڽ¶һʱ򣬾ûߵ㣬ҲС
ȫ˵ĳ֡
ңгҵ̺𣿡
Уࡱ
ȥһ£ڳס£ҰĵطĽݼҲҪ̫ԶĽݲҪǵʱ򣬿ʱҵ
һ⣬ףãȥ㡱ڲôһطҲһǸɴһס¡
ϲ˵ĺˬɲ˵ļʸ֮ģп룬֪Ⱥм˾ӡ
ǣαռµľӶࡣ
ٶҵ˰֮޲һ˼ĽݺǿͬǰĽݼҡ
ǰҪʱҵǡ
һƫԺ䣬ǳģ徲ҲǰĻ൱ĺãܰ
˳š
˵ڴ˲̫ˣҪȥӦ˭
ùţȻطȥˣֵһŲ裬ŵİû˭ֱһˮ޲ĶҲʵװˣ̧ͷܵܡ
ңأ쿪ʼö𼸷־עΧĶ
ĻŸ䡣
Һͳط׷׷бࡣ
磬ʲôǲҵ
Ľݼңز¡
޲ͷҲҡͷ鲢ûһǶŵǺ£ܾã鷢
ǿɲǽߵĳ֪ͣڽ϶˿²࣬һָ֮⣬ˡ
ˣӦò֪ǵ֪ͣܣʲô
˵ġȷЩ£ǾЩĺãģˡ
ɩ
ҺͳػһۣһĨȻǲˣڽϣɩɱˡ
ҽСΣѾᣬ˵˶ŶҽСŻ
ɩĹӣǸ֪֮ϸɵˣûɫĲһ۵¶ûС
֪ˡ
ˣ׷׵ͷ
һǵȷҪúõע⣬ɩ볤֮ǰҽ׼ͬŷһ㣬ô˵ڽѾ֪˲ٵĵˣĳ֣֮ʱֱԹ
.........................................................................................................


2  46 ˡ

˭ģˣ
Ϊݾߣ̫ʦڣǲûæҺͳصѧΪǳһĸ̳
ѾùţɫѲ磬ҲǰֵˣؽƫϲðùţɢɢҲԶ
Ҫط˯ССԺ⣬˶
ʱ˯ȫޡ
ⶰСԺֻסţֻаᵽҹСԺ֮ʱؼң飬ҲǰսĹ´
Һͳػһۣףͬʱ˷࣬Ϊ䡣
Ȼط޲裬ȴס˽Ųͷȥ㲻ȥ֣
Ҳ֡ңɲֶѣ鷳
ǳ˭ģ˵Ŀûдﵽ鷳һ
أϡ棬ǹغǵİȫ⣬Ͳǰˣ𻹲ôطҲĪ֣ȻǳǶһݣһƣǺηʥȻֱ
ȻطȥϢҲҪȥһơС֣Ҫѣ޲յøˣӲǲַϷṦǼʶģһ֣׷ϡͺãͽҺء
ҪĽݼҵ˲˵úõļʶʶõĻᣬҾʹȥʶʶ˵գСҲֱӷס޲Ĵ֣ôıҲݶ
վˡ
ͦȵġ޲ЦһСŮо˿ЦأҲˣ˭ڻûǸȥɡ
ҹĻŵǹҲֲָվݶԽһ
ǰһԶǸСж۶Ĵ飬˵
޲һȷҲˣǽŲǵĺš
˵ûȷгĳ
ǿҪԼĺˡ
磬ɩôҲˣȻȴһ˲ɵۡ
ȫźãúõңֻ˵ĻҪһһСĶıҩģˡ
ͲһƢˡ
ѰСɫҲߣǸõطȴûһϷҲȷ൱˽⣬һʲô紵ݶģǺױ𾯾
෴ƽϣڣرֲĸ֡
Ⱦ䣬Ǵʲô
Ҳá
˶ڷϣĸ̽˴ʲô
ɱڣ
Ӧòᡣ
Ҳûʲôڵġ¡
һˣԺ죬һĹ쾡СԺз䡣
ûˡ
ܣ֮ǰһֱ֮ǰǻԺǰɢһǽݵģôͲӰ
ٷͷңϸҡ
ǡ
ûаѵҲңûҵˣҹɫϸƣʵںѷݶˡ
ǿʼˡ۵˼⣬ССӣ£ҹĻ֮Уɶ
𡪡޲һ̽һ㣬ƮƮ˵ء
Һͳؿɵۣһʱ֮䣬޷κεķӦֱֻŴ׷Ŵɩӡ
ء
ʲô
ʲôʱôģ
֪
ǲһֱ֪Ƕȥˣ
֪
ֻ֪ϰ䣬֪òʱĲ࣬ǴɩҪһʲôʲôʱǲŻῴһаʽġ
ʱ䣬ֻƼڱĿ߸˵ǴϢ
û뵽һ˲䱩ģ˾õ°͡
ˣĴˡ
ֱֵܲŻظʶҴ˷
ǵ˱Ҫ޾ߺǵ˽˶ʵڲ࣬УҲȫһ˵ġ
ҽ飬ƿƿ޹ޣ룬һ·ռҩģϽġ
ʲôԶǲܶҩģһᷭġ
Ǹһ˵ؾҲˡڰ׷Ƽı˵أװúúõҲһϡ
ЩǾ鴦ģϺõҩݹÿһΣҩȼѬһմ˵أȾʪҩԣҲô
һСʱһֱõġ
ǡȥˣͻȻӣȻһϡһһڵˣֱӳǰȥ
֮ССӣɵ˹ˣһСһ죬һչ֪ɢһ䣬ڵ˶ʱͣ½Ų۴С
ˣ
ߣëȻ
...........................................................................................................


2  47 ó

δݣվſڣҺͳȻĲ֪òýȻСȴҲ󣬳ɩ֮⣬ϻ֪ιʹ෭ĴˣǶûеطˡ
޲ĨĨȷѾûֵֹķĩ֮󣬲̧С˶ôˣ
˶׵ĶСĵıڻ
ʲô
ֻû뵽ֶ˳˻վվס֮⣬ͷʹѡ
ֲûй˵ӣֱڵˡ
޲ҲòңԼͷҩںòаٶֵʣһҩ£Ҳøȥˡ
ͷ죬ϾҪˡǲýˣҺͳһתļ˶֡
ֱԺ⡣
ȥǰɣЩ˷Ҳˡ
أ޲ǲһ˴
ڣˣ˶ȫõˣҲ޷ġ
֪Ҳá
ǡ
ǲǶ𣿻ÿ
ҳȥҪСĵ㡱
š
޲ǰŲŸճݣűŶҲ˷ţֵܣͥԺ˴òɿԷȻҲ̫ðƽĽɫ
޲䣬Ͼʱ䲻ٸѧ֮Ҳ㹻Ķս顣Ȼûаս顣
磬£ｻǴ˻һƽһ
ǰ磬żСްˣҪ֡߷һ
С֪ʱѾվǲԶ֮㲻Ҫˣ٣ҪԼССޱص顣
Ļ޲Ѿǵһһݣ֪⡣
ȷ
ܰҺصİ٣ҪԼǵĺȡţ֪ʲô鷳
˵ѧƫᣬ͵ÿһÿһʽ൱º˳ʱҲķϳ޲Ըˮ
ֻǡ
û뵽ʱÿһһʽôƫ޺ϵʱ򣬾ĺ
״ΣĿɿڴĿűһɨǽŵĶ֣Ҳûվ
˵ʵŵˡ
ֹҺͳغûصͳͳŵˡ

ԭͲôҹһĵһ˴һеصģѾ߲˵ͬ飬ˡ
ߣûôס
ˣأߡѾ֪Է˭ġ
һĹ򣬲СԺѾøɸɾƽҹٶӭȻ˵޷ƽ
˯֮ǰһбҪһʲŷ顣
磬Ŀԡ죬̫Ҳ˵ȫһֱΪԶܱȵĿ粻彡׳ˣв֣Ȼܼһ֮УȴѾ㹻ͱԼ
һΪ߹ʮ񣬴δȴһƬ̹Ȼ⣬ľޱܲ֡
ɡԼ˫֣Ǿþ޷ƽֵһ̣ܸоƽתϢĶһֱ֣ôڣҲûϵ˵ѧô͵ġЦ
źãԸԼͣҲҪö͡Լһ˱ԥؿɴûԶʴȡ
˵ûд磬Щ˿ǧĴǿɲĸм
֪Ȼ֪ԷЩʲôˣϵ𣿡
ʲôϵġһۣԵʵͲȥ𣿳ߵĴ·ߣĽ书ģ˼ֻᡱ
ûȷϸ룬䣬֮ԣһԭΪ˵Ϣǿ׳Լ塣
ҪҪ书ĵط࣬ҲϣⱲӶҪȥˡ
̼ң̳ϲҪĴ֡
ΨһҪľҪúõıԼǰһҪǰһһܽԭ⡣
ڡ
ƺЩ飬Ѿ˹
˵ɣӸղǸϿʲô
ʲô
һУĺĽݲΪ
?
˵ܸϽġ
̰ġ
Ľݺô֪ǵ
ĽݺҰĻǲС𽫻ıøһЩȻҪҵϽġģϽĵӵ߿𣬲ỻˡҵҪƣһûҪôҪ
ɩȱҰһ磬ô֪ϡ
ŷҺͶ¼ңŵߡĺϿҪûĽݺҰļң˲̾ʶСȷĽݺ˵ļΪҪúõļ棬ĿǳĻԵø֮ǰڶ¼ҿδ˾ţҲ֪ˣŻҪ˵ܸ֮Ҫ˵˾ˣǳҲܶһϽкιЧţҲ֪ˡ
...........................................................................................................


2  48 òȻ

Щǲ֪ڷ
޲ӵѰܵܣȴܣܣҪĳýܿĳЩýҲͬʲôʲô޷Ѱ
ʵϣĽݺ֫ϵĽӴǸҪĲʱ⣬Ҫ˵ǲȥ̽ӱ˵Ĺδ
֮һֱûлĽݺ֫ϵĽӴδΣҲʵЩġ
ڣһǵͷϣֵģһʱᣬôױ
Ľݺֻõ鵹ҲΪѣб뷨ôһУͻ鷳ˡ
û뵽ĽݲȻˡ
ϵĵòȻﻹĽ˶ġ
Һͳһһ䣬ԭΪĽݺ㲻ǸˣҲǸˣ˽Ⱦף׵סмһ㽭ĸġ
йصģһЩԵ¡
Ǹй¶ܣ㱻˺סĵȶԽԽֻûа߷£һ뵽ĳҪҪϽľͲˡֻ˵Ҫ˾
ĳһѳ˵ɶ˺ֵܵĴš
Ҳ룬˼ҾǶ׼һ⣬ɲʹɿڣԺ˵ҲĽݺΣҲôõģ˲ű˵ʲôʱͱӲĳ
㹻ı򣬿ܻúܲҡ
˳Ĭ
ܣǴӲǿⲻȥ롪
ԣŻ˵˴ҵϢҵฺɸ𣿡ڣЩɬνĲ룬ȻǰģȴǲòԵʵ
ϵܻΪĽݼãˣִһκΣȫɱ⣬һʣ
ûǸˣʲôҲ֪λֻΪڵϢҴӦ˭Ҳû³ԽԽģСˡ
ûˡ
ҵȥĽݺҸкԹ𣬾ȻֶΣ볤αôꡱһšüڵ˵жôĲúͲ졣
ôǵǵɵӡ
ˣתøлˡ
磬ҸһȥҲҶ޷̵£ؾ͸ˡҪƣĽݼҵ׺εºܿ԰ѱת
¡
磬ʹɩҺĽݼ̽̽ףĺΣգŵҲҪȥԲʲˣûбҪȥʲôŵ
ӳ뿪һտʼΨһҪľǺúñɩȫһ˿һˡ
֪¡޲ҡͷ꾭ʢЩ£Ǵӳ飬ĽݼҴӲ֣ľ棬ףĽݲȻ׵ȥ£һȥֻǵڣȰʲôС
ȡ
ҿûƢ
֪ˣ㲻ĽɽׯҲԴУأһȥߡ
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Ҽѡ
켣ɲ޿⡣
нľ棬ɲƾյġ
ܹԹԵԲԲ⡣
ðҲȥѡֵܣվ
ҹȥѣǺ¡ȤĶųҺͳأǵҲǴҹ˯𣿡
飬ҹ
𡪡޲ʧЦףܵܣˣ£˵ڶȥϢҲµûĽݲԼ
飬ҲáġĹػһǡ
˳ĴҪĶġ
Ļ˯ţУһǵһˣĽݼҵЩ顱֪֪ˣܰսʤһǳ磬Ľݼң֪ޣң֪һЩȫƬģȫǱװMһٰ֮ǰģԶ׼أͲܸһȥˣʡСë֪䣬Ҳɩ˵ʲôתһʧҹĻ֮С
ˣһۡ
ؼʶ磬ɩȻطϢˣҲ˯
š
ߣڣ·ˣЩȷ£ɫ磬ҲϢˡ
á
ǷˣǶѱǵĴϣ䡣
޲ЦõĿСӵľٶô˯ⴲɲǺܴ˯ոպãһѵĶûжٿ϶
˯ϰҹ˯°ҹҪȻȥܵܵķ˯
ôУǷޣַܷ˯
ĺһ֪Сһ˾ǲκεĸı䣬ðɣǾ˯Ҳ˴һѽϣţϻЩط
ιŤ
𶯣˯ȻҪˡ
ĿȥСС
...................................................................................................


2  49 ϲ;

һҹ޲˯ÿɲɣбİСӣϵûκεķ϶˯֮Ҳǵڴıԣһϣôſϣһ£Ҳϡ
һڿЦжȹĥȴ᲻ýƿ
һһ磬ӲֻҪһ£ͷῨķ̫ŰԼˡ
һҹߣ۶ϣ죬ŷſС֣ž۶ôˣˣ
ûСҡͷûʵİʲô˵
ǳΪѾһ֮ãȴֻݣĳΪ˳ķޡԹСʶøζ
һٵȰ˵ԼһЩٴһЩڡƺҪˡ
ÿҹÿҹİŮͬӵ뻳ȴʲôҲһ˵ʵĪļ尾
ЩҲɣнڡ
ǰδеǿ׳ģǰ룬¶
ú족۵Сֱ֣Ķ̡СջأԼ۵Ķϣ𣿡Сٶϣִ֣ÿ족ü΢΢һΪѾٷˡ
ô᲻ѣؿڻʹ𣿡Сֳƣֱؿڡ
һ˲䣬޲Ϣ΢ŵĴþúϲϡ
ΣڻعסؿڵС֣ĺһ£ô˵ó
ЩѣؿЩʹʹֻǿеĿϵĲʡ
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2  50 ﲻһ

ǰĽݺڶɫҴңϾ֮ɫǳ̺ŵ˽լûаߵĻһУĽݺȻʲôҲ֪

ȻΪ˵úúõдͣһ˿һ⣬ϸϸСرǳĹݲð
ҷѻδأѾˡ
޲ùŲãᣬڴᵽĴҩȥһߣ˵ľϲѰرҩĿɹʹá
ϽЩҩ㲻롣
Ļҷе󡱡

޲һСҷΪԭʣɫѻҰףָһͷȴ޷κεĸı䡣
ȷôÿͶһͷں˳˿֣𲢲ȴǹ⻬ɣҲ˵ķӣֻҪһЩҩˮͿڷϣҲᷢơ
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ĽݲͷˣΪĽݲ˼
⣬վء
........................................................................................................


2  51 ɱ˲Ѫ

ػ֮м֮ʵְ취óҲûмµ֡ɵľһٶðԼصġ
Ľݺ̣ǰεÿ졣
޲һüУӯʧ֮ɫ޲ĺܸлĽݲĺ⣬ҪܾĽݲİţþ֣޲Ҳ֮УһССԺ䣬ⶼ»ĲĿв㡱
ܣĽݺȻŹ
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׿ڸΣҲŵġ
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2  52 ˼ݵ

ĽݼҵڰǼţİҲˣ͵סĽɽׯǡ
ĽɽׯǲڰмǣҲ;СΪϣ˫ȭѵֻ֣ˣ˼Ҫİȫѱзϵ©
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Ůһۡ
˵ʵǣøɾˡ

2  53 ˭Ҳ˭

֣̾̾Ůķ˿ٵһС࣬Ȼ޴ĳ޲һۡ
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һĿģҲΪ˱Ů㲻ܺúõĸصȥҲҪúõĻصҡ
Ůôľ˺֮ģԭ¡
޲һУĽݺϲμִᣬǷ޻һ·棬һ·ǺǵŮ
֪оԵԱˣǰҲֺ

ǵĵһ
Ľɽׯ·
˵ʲôĽݺһģֱӻ鰸鰸ϵһء
أׯˣͰͣŵҲ˵ȫ޲һУѾ뿪ǴԺ䣬֪ᵽȥˡ
˱ˡ
տҹȻͰ˿ˡ
ʲôʱֵģ
һ磬Ƿ֣ͷסŵˣǡϧһѾˣʳĽ˼ѾǵƤȥ֮ãǾȻʲôûз֣Ȼɵɵͷš
һȺأûз֣
ûûСӲͷƤ˴
ûС
ۿʱϾ͵ˣҲˡ
ȥңȥңûҵҲûˡ
ǡˣҴҵ¡
鷿ڣһ죬һᣬƻĶѾƻһͣ̽ȥףǰʱڵİѾ¡
Ľɽׯׯ·ĶĽɽׯ۾ߵģֻҪׯһˣͷĶҲٸˡ
ϳƬɨ˳ȥ
ģȥǸ˸ĽݺۣеֱӡĽݼ£внֻ꣬ٶнҲûã̫࣬ҪоԵķһһС˵ʲôʲô£ǻء

صֱӶС
Ǹˡ
ĽݺûĿǸˡĿĽɽׯǸˡǴͷβһڣܿΣıҲƲ壬Ҫ˵ˣҲ֪
֪ԷǸ꾭ˣǸͷӡ
ĽׯһҲ˵飬ͻȥѡǸˡ
Ȼ󡪡
Ǹ˻ں̵ܶʱڣĽׯ飬׵ҲĽׯϰġ
ֻǸˡסĽɽׯסĽɽׯһɽ֮Զİɽϣֻһ˼ҡ
ɽΪգһСģж֮ӣԣɽ˲ࡣ
ԻҲððȻɽԣϾСҪ
졪
Ѿˡ
ҲҪٿʲôǿȻĵ֪ĽݺͷţôʱĻסĵطҲ޲ɡ
ʲô飬Ҫ֪ͨĽɽׯģûǸҪ
ϣһоҪ뿪ϡ
Ҫ룬޲ĽɽׯݷãĽݺľֹȻ⣬Ϊ޲죬ңʼ˵֪ʱֱӻسٰңʱǿɾ͵òʧˡ
޲Ľݲ֪ѾһСԺˣôסϰ𣿼ȻסϰҲøԸٰס˵ס
޲ллˡ
ĽݲҪ͵̫࣬С¾ͲͷĽݲҲгҵ̺ţԣסѡʵϣסĵطǳѵľ൱İȫ޲Ľݲ޲ڵľӴĽݲڣֱ˵ȥ֪һͳһдõֽţ棬ھסĵַ
Ľݺһۣɫδ䣬ȴ˼ַ֣ϤڽҲݵˣ٣һλڽЩˡ
ߣ˵ѣΪ˹Ƨȴӵһѵĵֹǰϣ棬ûܳԽߡ
ǡ
ѣΪΣ֪
úúãֻҪǰٺˣĽݲҲͰˡٴ̧ͷһ΢ЦסַĽݲˣʱڣȥ֪ǣڴ֮ǰҲúõ׼׼ҲöϢϢ·ۻӡ
лĽݲġºĿ΢޲Ļصǣ볤һͬ뿪Ľɽׯδٻͷһۡ


2  54 

ڽϿһڽĬĬȴҲκν¡
ߵཻν֮֮⡣
һᣬ˴֣ȻνĲʶǾʶˣ˵ƢǺĳЩΪ˴£൱ͬ
ദʱ䲻࣬£˭Ҳ˵һ֡
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ãá
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ʱ˵ֱӵͷ׷ӣǵĴݹ١
һס죬Ľɽׯ˶а㷢֡
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Ȼ
Ϊֵһӣʢᣬô֪ܲأԭҲӦμӵģϾֻҪģ˭ȥһȣõģͿԵȤ
ԽЩνǰγģȤúܡ
˰
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¾Ͳͬˣ߿ǺųֵܺĽݼһȥμִᣬ˵ûеϣ·Ͼͻʲôء
ĴҵˣɶĽݺģֻϧЩϹӵģȴôУٻȥ
žΪԭĽݺЩļǰֵ֮ܣ׼̣˵úǵЩ׼
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ֱֵӸĽݼ߰ɣҲһȥֵߣĽݺҲӰߡ
Ϊǰ󲻵òΡ
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бĵ
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................................................................................
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졪ֻ۾ûеĽݺĸңֱֵزǰˣϼҴڵģʮˣʱ˼ҪôšССȫǿɾ̫Ϊˡ
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Ҿ˵޲ͷһۣܶĿڶ࣬СĻӿڳ
ǡ
֪ˣ硱

˼ҵƨɺͷζɲôôΣһǻǵһ·ĸȥ
ϽһȥҲûʲôùĵˣҪ˭͵Ͻģһࡣ
ֻ
鷳㲻ȥң˼ҲԶѰ콵ôĲ
ò˿ӵһص㣬һ·ϣѾ̫˴͵͵Ķһž׵վҲƲˡ
ĽݺĶĽݾҲʧķһľʹĿȫǴеĿġ
ǵôĽݺҪҪȢΪޡ
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ð
ˣأҺ߼ҪӴĹƣ»ڣЩ飬ССĵ͵ЩȽϺá
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ֻҪЩ֪ǵʱضпܻܵвͿˡ
Բô·Ҫ˼
ûõˣֱӶ±á
аҽӿڣȻȻС࣬˵ڵĻӦֻԼܹûЩˣôأɩһᡱֵӦʱ
һġ
áͻأ˫һ༫ˣȻ̰ɫŰԼҲɵ죬Ҿǻθڣġ
ģ
ʲôģ
ѵչʾһ治ɣ
ǿɲУɩһ棬ҲֻдܹƼѾΣˣǧɩˡ
ʲô
ӲӲģʯͷȻȴҲˣڼ͵С
Ȥ¶
ҡ
ŲܾҡҡͷҲţ죬ͻῴˣΪǵİȫȷҪһЩһθڣǳͬһԶ˿θġΪҽߣʱҲǿԺиĸĵġ
ǰҪҪܣǾǵˡ
ɲףοԼĶλڡҽߡ֮ҽ̫ۡ
ңˣҲͬ顣


2  55 ȹ

ǾһСס£ĽɽׯѾǰ㣬ֻҪֱסеĳ뻻ϴҲ׼׵е˸ͲҪЩֱܾͺá
ĽݺȻõ˵ĸм
еˣĲˣĽݺôܵ׼Ķ׼׵ģ˿ôܲмء
ĸм޴ɱֻúúõİĽݼҵıԺĺôȻ᲻١
ĽׯĺˣȻЩ顣
ʱ򡪡
ǿɾĽɽׯĻ飬ȻҲˮǴߵģϵĵλһ
⣬ҲǲμӴ˴ִջɡ
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ÿˣһ䣬һ޲㱻ѣڻױǰͿͿĨĨġ
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ԭǸ˶ЩĶǰǳ
죬̫Ǵ߳ˡ
ûо˴׺Ь|ɢŷ
ð֮ƺѾ׼׵ܴݵķϵĶĻͷһĨЦ
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ǰ˶ӱţȷ
ǰС
ܿ϶ǳȷǾ𣬿ǣһתһƬհףʲôͷҲ޷

죬ǲеģĴСɿɰˡʵļ磬ıǣֻϸ۾һͷ˿ͷ벿ݾӲһĴۣǻһĴָСĴ롣
һ죬죬Ȼţ
졣
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죬ôԼŪġǻعˣ죬˵кϷɿ
ĪǣָĺϷ
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ǡ޳֣Щ˼̽СƤôֲڲȫûǰϸ͵ԡ㲻𣿡
е㡱ܲŹֻ֣ȥ¶һ۶ѣŲҪĴҡءǶۣŲԼʹཨڱ˵Ŀ֮ء
Ҫʹࡣ
úõĻţҲûа˭˭Щ˻ܷҲҵģֲ˭
ðɡϧૣģӵ뻳У𣬻ǸŶܵĲŮԶҲȲϣֻǾͺãù֮ǾҪڳ֮ǰױл
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ǽܲˣֻһʱʵϰߡǻ˸Ƶġ
ܡૡ
ǵǡͷĲޣʲôʵصĶͿϾˣҪһĻʹʹء

ôأ
޲һɫϾԣϰױϴҪô죿Щһɷһһȥ̸̸ûòĶҵֱƣһһһľ
Ƕ鷳ҪһһһҪʲôʱ򡱡֪սΣЩȤġ
ϴγ޲Ƕ֣һˣңûȫȫû֪͵״ﵽʲôزˡ
ԼҲ֪

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һŮ緹ԶԼ롣
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һվʱ䣬ȥ˵ģһġϣĸһԼڵˡ
ο֮󣬻˳ھǷʩء

2  56 ˶ǷǶ

ģĿ°࣬޲µĻЩ˲òƿԼ˫ۣԹԵԼ·
˵Ķã˵ӣٿ
ĽݼҶǵȷ൱ֻܵҪ۾˶óĽׯԳһҺõʲô̶ȥˡһʲô£ĽݼȻƫ޲һУǡ
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λڽͷ֮£һλҪڽ㣿
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Ҳá޲ٶȶţôõҪûɾܾ
ңȥȿţأϳһףҪЩȿˮߣ㡪
ӻ¡ĽϣСŮҪ

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ǰλϲŰðɡҪλĽݹﵽʲôϷ£޹أҲĵĽ
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󡪡
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֪Ŀǰһˣ檣ӲĻɷȢΪޡ

2  57 ʢ

ŮСڣ֪ǽŮеһԱεĲСڿ֪֮
û뵽ǣĽɽׯĴСǱСڣȫ¼ӣֱҪԷȢ
ôʵۡŮҲˡ
Ұ˵ϲеʡ߲ܣǡеĺθڡŴǽ¾ĲɻţͲļҹֱŰݷãٸûа취
ѾҲӰˣ˵ͬ˽Ž֣ӴԺҲƮ˹ˡ
̫ϧˡ
Ҫڻúõĸжã˳ӸŹȥλŮ׼޸
ĽС㣬Ҳ̫߿ˣ߲һ齭Сӣ޺ɹĽСʳ⣬ⱲӻûҪĸŮ˰ס
Ůˣôһ
ҪȢޣҲҸԼ˳۵ģɲȢ鷳ؼҡĽݼҡǾлˡ
ԭǵСѣĽݼҴͲȱǮųз˶ˣɲںһ
οһĽݼңɲΪһ
ӣһ㣬赣ģֻҪԸȢңĽɽׯĹүʱһĽɽׯǵġûǮ𣿲ǮȨ
ͷǳҵĺѣܸһͬУɼߺͳҵĽȷѡ
ڶĽɽׯеֿһ£㲻ôľĽݼҪ㹻ѡ
գЦΥԣĽǸˣȫȻͬġ
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ǰĽݴС㣬ӣ̫һˡڱ˶ҲԿʡϣȴǶصģ˿ѧĶأӵĶء
֮£صǺš
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ĽݾöСˣһ챻ϳŶ֪
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..............................................................................
õصľ볤ֵһʵһǶġϢء
˵ǲľ飬鰥һǽҪȢؼҵĽݼҴСĽ
أҿ߽
ʲô㿪ĳŮͶͱˣҰ˺һۡǶĵı飬Ҳ飬ټĽ
֪Īˣô¡ǰѺõųҵļ磬ĽС飬Ȣء
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һһһͲ֪һ˵ʲôˡεء
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ǲľͺáɴûеĹ˭һȤûУ˭һӰ춼С
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˵
ĽݺҪػһ£Ǿĺͷ
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æҪٴҴȥһطĵ
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޲һȷ
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ʱʱĲȷʲô¡
ǴɩĻȥڣҸû˵ĵطúõһǲǾʢɣһΣǴ򵽿Ϊֹˬ

Ŀɲһ
ðʹɩ˼ˬӦ͡
磬ҿˡרǡ
磬ҪȻ
ڣµġֵܵĵģҲҪڵϢܸõĿǣûʵս׷ףҲЩʽˣʵá
ǣɡ
ðɡЭ
ԡ


2  58 

ʩչṦʩչṦ޲Һͳسߡûкúڣ»ᡱ
Ҫ˫أȷЩѡ
˲һѰһƬյأ˾סĵطҲͦԶģһʱӦò
һ緢£㹻Ľݺúõ˵һ˵ңûе룬ǲܻģǣ
ӭŷ磬ҶƮݶ
ͷϵ˿ķ磬š
Ϣˣȴء
һڰ׷ӣĸ˵ϴһǰľƣ
Һͳضս޲ͺ߶ս

ɩΪʲôҪôţҺضԺʹһȣȻˣҺʹȣغ߽֣ûĽء
ʲôûн֣ü΢΢һղ⣬ǵĴսǽ𣿡˵˹ûʡ

ƿڣҪɩĿˣҵ˼ǻûĵսھһѵĻᰡ
Ժеǡ˵һһֲʣһָǣͳǳ޲ĵܵܣǻʵսһС࣬Ȼʲôȣԭ·Ǹá
ðɡ
Һͳǵȷ뷨ôʱ䣬ҲȷôҲᳬꡣ
ضǼСʱѾʼšΪǿһֱ߳ţСҪԱ
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ҵ书ŵúܺ󣬼˲Ҫġǰû¾ڳ޲ĴǰŬĸֳ˵˵ЦЦģϣֳ̫į
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ǣǺڶս
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죬ңɩ˵һ㶼ûдҲֹסĹЦҵĴɩǸƽʱ˵һڣˣ˵Ļ
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Ҳ֪ʲôʱȻеǴ磬ǣȴѴ統ɵܵչˡ
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Ը񣬲޷а˿𱸺Ͳ֮Ĳ
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ǰ磬ŰѣĽѰǱȲϡ
ܵܵİο޲м
ϢһᣬǴЩ
һЩ֮䣬ĸоǲܣΪԼҪϢѡ

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ҪǸܸһĽݲҲʡˣ޲Ľݲһ󡱡

2  59 Ұľ

˵޲ܼ֮£Ȼɡ

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СҡͷѪ˿ϼҲһ֮Уֻֻ࣬ңܲȫҲҪѲٵ˼
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ˡ
İɣһ㶼õġŹֵɨһۣѾµҩǰٶ֣Ѫ˿ϣҲڡ֮һԵֿ벻ڣҲͷӲãСһ㣬Ͽûҩܾǡ

ô
ӦõĵĲΪʲôֵվϷ˼ˡ
ҲҪ̫ȷвߣ˵΢΢һ٣ҲһֻǴûǸ͡
ΣաǲΪȻðɣӴʱ˿̿ʼֻŬ죬ʵĽݺֻǸһ۵С˶ѣʲô˲ӵֶ񶾵Ķ


2  60 ֮֮ȥ

飬ǾԲ׼ģԶԶľͺãȵִ֮Ľݼ޹ϸ𡱡

ж֮ˣ¶֮ˣǶҪˣûбҪС

ҲҪĽݾһάȺ˵ıãһĽݺú̸һ̸ȥˣѾ򶾵Ͱٶ𣿡

㵽ôӸĵʣ޲˵ȫ˵ˣһ˵ĶϷóرἰѪ˿ߣڻûܳ׽ⶾĽҩ֧ʹȫû֮⣬ҪѵΨһңĶʹ졣
һڵѪ˿Ͼͻ˷磬ҵҴܣֱʳꡣ
һ⣬̰Ѫ˿ջأټڶˡûмʱջأѪ˿ҲڿлΪһ̲Ѫˮ޷ȥˡ
Ľݺ¶ߣĿС֮࣬ҲпܱĽݺжߣô¶һԶ
һֿܣġ
ηη
˴ĶˣòģҪһиаŵĶ˭֪㲻ù
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ʱ˾ӣҲǻ¡
ƲһۣǸûʲôԵˣһѪ˿ϵĶ޷ȫ⾡˾˵ˣ
˵Ļûýȥܲ𣿳޲ĵͷ
ûɵӣҪȥȷĽݺǲѪ˿йϵԺеǻᡱɲѪ˿ϵ˻Ѫ˿ϣ̫ˡѪ˿Ͽһ㶼ᣬߣҲ˲ٵĿࡣ
ɩǵ㡱ҺĿڣŭԴģֹϴɩǡɩʱ򣬱ȶƲһһΪȻһۡ
ľͺúõİڶͷȻֱ

ǲò˵Ů˵ؿɱ˵ĻҪÿǻЩСģû뵽ǰλСŮ޵ȻԵõĺܡ
𡪡޲̾ҲİȵķԼĶǡ£ܲġ
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ʱ򣬻ԼʹˣԴԽԽˡ
𲻸ӵķۣ޲һ⣬ǧģѪ˿ֶ֣ʲôõĵİͿó޲ԹԵˣʱ򣬿ɾҩҽ֪ҽҲûáʼ磬͵Ĺˡ
ԭˣǾͿԷˡ

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޲ɫЩ˵ĽݺĴ㣬Ѫ˿ִĶϣǾⲻ˵ġ
ĽݺһãԸ꣬Ͳ
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................................................................................
ٶ̣Ľݾǰں󣬳غͳ޲һĸԸںﳤҵæ
ߣĽӲĳǰȥǵвɡ
֮䣬ŷǳҪҪ
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޲֮࣬ҲĲһ˵һһ񣬰۶Ҳǰ󲻷֣ǿô죿
Ϊ˱ֻýεڻȷ顣
˯ð飬ʵ̫ˡĽëס˫ڰ׷ۣҲ˵ĺӰ
СֺԾȦʣεסȻó޲һ
ģڼ¶š
İŮ˾Ļÿҹӵ뻳Ѿܾ˼尾ڣҲҪͬ
ǳɵĺϰ飬޲ͲΪķޡ

˰̫̫࣬࣬͸ܿѡ
ֲ˭
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ִǰգִϣĽݺԤڵ˶졣
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ңϲԽΪÿˣμִˣȵסֱҲסˣֻסڹĿջߣס
Ľɽׯһеʱп԰õĵطѾ࣬Ľݺ䣬һˣסУһˣĽݾĽȰá
⼸գĽɫֱӾܾλС飬ĽΪƲ
԰߶ݺݵĲڽ£ԥļ̤
ĸĽҲʲȥġ
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ҪһʱͷԲѴӦˣⱲӾˡ
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ֻҪȵִп֮ʱٺúõĶϡ
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νĺ֮ڽֵܣʿĺˬڴ˾ͿԺúõļʶʶ
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ΪʲôҪṦŬԼʾĲôʵϣӵʺţ£ǿȵĿˣֵĵȥˣ͵͵ġ
˺鷳ȲҲԿȵʲôδĶһ˾ûаˣǳ˵ʶ
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ǲ㡱޲ҲִܹǷޣңڲڳңΪ˷ȻҪߡ
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𡪡޲ǿЦãв֪˼ȥˣĸҵģ˾ţˣǲ֪˾ųΣ˾վǵǰҲ֪˱ǡ
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ҲƵࡱһ򵥵£ҪķЩʱ򣬿飬֡
ܻһҲϡ
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Ǻðɡ𲻸Ըĵ˵СԴƲһͷˮˣǿԻȥˣ·ų޲֣̤š
޲ǸȻһۣȥæɣҺǴɩȥߡ

ˡ
βأˣѾˡ
ֻɵĽȻԼٶȣ뿪ǵߡ
ͷԣ㿴ңҿ㣬ͬʱʼ硣
ɩṦȻǸǵġ߳Ƶ
ɩҪɳȥм£زµ
ҹֻΪٽһȥҺһ
ðɡ
Ǿ֮֮ȥļһˡ

2  61 δȻ

ô
δפǰﲻһĹȣⳤӲݣĴ̣ڼİҲﴳСҪ
ϵӼ֮䷢ȵ֮⣬㿪ʼһɽȣ˴ݣ󣬾ټҰ˽
һ㱻ţһ۱㰮ʮ꣬һҶУҲδйҪ뿪ͷ
ϵԽԽ󣬴£ҲԽģҪ˳һְ
ֻһƺţǼΣҪάֵĺƽ塣һСģһ´˲ɴΪֵˡ
ң翸֮λ£̫£ֵģҲһһ׵
ʱΪðȶ࿸Щӣ֮󣬸ǴⲻȡֻڹĴаԣһңɼȻסУԶļҡ
㣬
ȣϴһôĹ
ִĳأ⣬ֻͣѪˡ
֮ԣ˭˸Ҳӡ
ǸܾҲ飬λˣúܿϧ

ɽ˲ųҪгɫһ˲ţǰǾ͸ʱλǣİס֮λ
ɵĴų޲ƮԺ䣬סڵĶǽˣٶʶġ
Щǰģһ紵ݶ㹻ǡ
˶ȴҲ޲ǵһᵽṦʲô̶ȡ
ôֻܸƨɺͷ
׷ġ
һһԺ䣬Ҳͣϸ֮ȫȻûзͳĵӰ
ѵﻹû޲ݶܵģǵٶôѾִӦñǸһǡ
ȷ
ͳȷĽݺ·ϲᳯ¶֮󣬱ӿٶȣϵĽ鲻ν֮⸱ģʮϺʮҵǺ̸
֮Щ
ϵӣҲóİֹü껨
֮ǵľ
ԼԺ֮ڣǲԺ
ԣų޲ұԺ䶼ûзǵӰ
޲ָǰЩĴԺ䣬ӦһˣȥƣûеĻӦסˡ
ǲûиϡ
ǱǸֻס⣬ڣѾûжĵط԰ÿˡ
ô֪ҪҡĵˣҲüǵõ
ĵˣһ˵Ľݼҵ˲ǡ
ȿ˵ûУٻȥ취
šֻˡ
ٶֻϳ޲ʣһ㣬˲ʱ뿪ݶǰǶԺȥ
ڡ
ڣҲڡ
ŸյԺݶϣˬʵЦһȵһĻǰܼĵӰ
ڻ䴩ء

󣬶겻տ޼
ϣûûµʱСܱͷһдд裬ҲԽĥԽˣæһĹִ¡
ʲô취ݲ£͵ȥ죬ȻҲͲˡ
ӵúðϽӵģôֿɲ˰֡
ͷ˹ˡ
˵ǣ˵ǡҲѾľˣҲޣҲͳˡϢһᣬȥŮ˼ŪЩݲݵġ
ҲáȥˣĲߣЩʲô
һ̤Ҳһ̧ͷһ̣ݡ
ǡ
ˣۡ
ϻδǣɫһλǺ£֪ʱϷΪ£
޲죬Щ˵塣
úõ˼ҵݶϣһʲô¡
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ҵģ
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ҵģһһŮ˵ֻһŮɡ
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СܵĲŮ޲ü𣬻ϲ
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ϲʲʧ֮ϲ£Ҫ뵽һңԡ޲͡
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ļŮСҲ⸱ģ
޷޷ڼ˾ͺãȥվݶ˵ɲ󷽱㡱ϵĺˬʵǰŲһ
һԺӡ
˵أĺϷѾվǶ˰ˣô˺úõľݶ
ԭݶϻ
𡪡ľ

ôԸˣȿһЩʱȥǵģϷˣСŮ𡱡ǣŮ֣š
ϲĸáԹԻˡ
ԡϷһЦȻ˶ģ𳤴˿ɲˡһĻ̫˹עš
Ѿ˴ˣˡЦķ޲޲Ϸˡ
ϲĸ
ãúáȻһԱˣһţһףǰСǸƢˣܹӵһС
ܺãܺá
ǽ̸
һȺˣֽݡ
Ȼͳ޲ѾˣҲøʱĽݼҵϣи׼
ĽݺٸʲôֽţҲæҵġ
޲˵ɡ
ǣ޲ʾ⣬޲ĽһжŵȣĽɽׯһסУһڹ⡱
˵ϵͷ
޲֮ԸĽݼҲԭġԭ򣬾˵ˣǣ䳤˵˺Щʱ򣬲Žǰ˵
Ѫ˿ϣ޲ԸȽϺá
һϯϵҲ˼ƽϣһ˰עĽݼҵһһȷвμִʿİȫ
ϲ
ضδüε¡ЦǰסǼס
סԭԺ䡱
Ҳáûж˵ʲôݾߣǿǧҪСģˮ֮УУһСľˮ
...............................................................................
뿪ϵԺ䣬صͳסĿͷһжŵ׵ڼһסðġ

ɲֻǽŶѣʵʵİǰʮҲǶͣΪβȵʮ̸λҲýٶలȼꡣ
һ˵Ҫλî˾ϼ
˻裬
һǰһˮζϲȲ裬ȴϲݵĻ衣
㻹ǲǵѪ˿ֶʡ
Ѫ˿ϣ
˰죬ҡͷʲôûҪ𣿡˲ٵСҲвϣûһֽѪ˿ϵģƷ
ˡбҡͷǿ֧ʹˣƱ˵Ѫ˿ϣһִѱ仯ϸ˿Ĳϡ
Щҽ飬ҩɶǵøİô֪֪
ǵȷ֪
Ǹˡ
书ԴڵģҽҲǿģ˭ǰʦͲСֻڽĬĬʵ˶ˡ
ڽץ˿ܶĵӡ
ֻǣʦֵ֮ʱδʶҲҪ˵ˡ
˵ֶ񶾵ĶѾġüɲʲôöǲ֪ĺá
Ǿ֮
˺°ˡ
ûмѪ˿ϣҿѪ˿ϵ֢״
⵹ˡ
ģ
Ľݺϡ
Ǿ͸ˡ
᲻ǿˣǿˣһаɲð죬ҲвܿĵаֻҪ΢ģǿɽġѪ˿ֶķ죬õ÷죬죬ⶼⲻˡ
ӦòᡱҡͷҲȷҪٺúõȷöżԤţĽݺ֮ˣƵ˵ִС
пܡ
ǳпܡ
ʱƴĶĶ֡ϣ񡣡һȥϣעˣٸߵֻϣʲô״֡õĴŮļ硣
ʱʱķ⣬ϻɫȻɫҲʱʱ֣Ŀڴк˿֡

ǰ̫鸡ȷһ͸ȷˡ
Ҫôע⣿


2  62 

㵽æʲô𣿡޲Ѿ˺ܾãͲֻһԿšձִٿ֮գʿ½½룬Ҳڽϵ쿪ʼ㲻ĴһЩʲô
˵òҽ޲ĲĲȴ̫
ɲҽ
һЩҩĶϲá
Ƶۡǵ⣬еʱһۣѵøɸɾˡ
ѵøɸɾ

᲻᲻ã
ģֻŴ֮ͥ£һۣʱ򣬲˭ѵùⶼʲô¡
ˣ͸˵ˡ
ʲôطСʡ
֪ҡͷδֻ֣ͣѶãϾͿˡֻҪרĵĿϷͺá
ˣ
޲ֶȷ˻飬ҲˡĸһԣôҲ޶ȵġ
жòɣĵһˮֱ˽ĴϣʶһڣʶԸĴעȴʼշͷϵ¶ûаתơ
޲һ޳̱ýӲ
⣬ֻҪһССĶҪץҪٶЩʱɲ֤ܼȥ
ˣľòء
ֻú˺üǡľ룬Լһʱ죬ʱ˿顣

Ϊʲôʱ䲻ĿһأĻͿԾΪˡǸĵȴĥ˼ˡ
ʱݣ䣬ַǷִ֮գûмʢὫٶٿ
ЩСִٿ
ҵüǿν
һңҲӲڹֻŹʢ޲һۿִξеġ
ᣬ۸
ƺõķĩװõİƿзãٽĹߣûվϴ֣ɡ
ûУ
һ㡱תתԸĲӣҺãûȫĽ
Ӷ𣿡ѯʣϵĵ˵ͷûиоأ߸˵Ѿͷˣ֪һֱߣʱʱĵˮǰЩ¶ģڣǰˣȴϸ˼
޲ǣС֣һ뿪ǵӣҪ˰͵ǷģﶼҩģһСʳմһЩǿɲģֻת˽ţҪԵʱ͵ڡ
ǳţ˱鲻һ
ɩóˡһԲԣˮԲȣҲרע̫ˣֲСС;д˳ɾͣҪǣǿ϶
һûбչء

һһҹԲȵ鶼бչأƵϱչصǵ˺̶ֳˡ
˷
ôһСֲĳɣʮ²Բȵıչذ˱չҪҪȵģǳԺȵıƽʱ٣ûƽʱˡӾ֪һģĻǵʲôԲԣȲȵ֡С⡣
˵ҪȵԼҲվˣŻ⡣
ǣɩǱѰСܸʰ·硱ҹԹ䣬ô˵ùأɩǲѣһڱ˾͵ùԹԱˡ
񰡣óҹԹϿҲżһе˵ŷ
Ǵཻ֪ĳ̶ȣҵΪˣˣŲΪ˺ϸء
ɩӻġ
˲òһԹԵķϡ
족Һݵɺһۡ
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ƴҲҪΪҶ֮λ

ȴޱȺںҹ˶㾪ġеϰߵĳȫȫĵطȥ
סֶΣϣңĹû֮λҲˡһ󷽵ˣ뿪ˡ
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½ʤһĽݺЦڼҽһҲ˭书ϸߣϣŵԱȳҪ
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֣ȷҪһƹܣԷףع;̸ס


2  63 ˾

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һճСëͷȻվ̨Ͻǲĺܡ

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֮ǰ޹涨ɵ˾Ͳܲμִᣬԣߣǿ̨͡սߣŷֻҪֱӭսɣȽǰСëͷ̨ɡ
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ãʱ׸䣬˾һתʱһ㣬ҴҶȥ


2  64 ˵ʲôҲ׼

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ǿ˵˾Żǵˣ磬ʲô˰죬ҲûһۣûȤ˭ãֻҪĽݺһк˵ȻҲҪŷ򣬳Ҷ̫ù
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ңһһҪܵ˵Ĺעûгһк˵һ˵Сô˼е˶йɿȥַˡ
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2  65 ׸˰

顪һ죬µĲ輸ʱѿüĽڸҪȥĽݺؿڣôԼǸҡ
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˵ˡ۶һתһĨЦȾϽգĵżɷĵ㵱ǰ׳𣿡

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Ľݺһ˶һЦĪݶ˺ðεȥĽݺץһٶ򣬶ĽݺСˣô˻һϾӡ
ƿһƬߣƿǣ׼ǰЦԵõĽݺһͨܶ࣬㹻˶մ
꣬ƿߣССһϸ졣
һᣬĽݺ㿪ʼסˣվŤŤȥֻëëһ˫ץȴֻԼԽܶѡ
һ䡣
ʲôһ
ȻǺöˣߣӦš
ֱĽݺܲסʼ£ѡһĽݺؿڵλڣרעϸƣûؿм˿ֵĽ֯Ƕ
ֱкüѪۣشӦԼġ

ڿȷˣѪ˿ϵģûܹʹ俵ĽҩȴһһεĽҩǾĽݺѪ
Ѫ˿ϵ˲ҪĽݺǣƺãܺɱĽݺΪˣеĽҩҲûˡ
һϣҲԴԴϵѪ
...............................................................................

㻹֪иĳ˲˵İ
ôգ۶ûﲻˣ
ТŮĵιﲻ˾һǵİһƨص£ǰҵߣУҵÿȥ̫òܲˡ𣬵
£Ķ棬˫ۣǡ
޲ԸˣһԲţֻͺá
ѾȷˣĽݺȷѪ˿йء
˫ٶһ
ңĽݺǸѪ˿ϵˣѪ˿ϵˣĿǰһʱ²ò
ûйϵֻҪеעĽݺˣһж߽ҩģʱ˭ýҩ֪˭ˡ
ˡ࣬ҲȷĽݺ˾ŵûйϵ

ȷ𣿡ΪͿˣôԲ
һͷտʼҲΪһйϵڷ飬ٶȻĽݾĽȫȻ֪ĽݺҲһٵķϣ˾ǣôĽݺ˾ͱеĻҪµĶࡱ
Լ׵Ů˻
ǿⰡĵġ
ûйϵǾͲˡֻҪȷѪ˿ˣҲ̻ؾ𣿡
û͸ûȥˡ
ǺãǰϽĴ֮˵Ѫ˿ϵ£ѶһʱҲû˿Ըı䡱
ҲǣǺðɣ˯˵˯һԵΨһһŴͳ޲ǷޣȻ˯һŴģҪʸһվߵ޲ǰ
ʵҧгݡ
޲ʵҡͷδ
ûУ
˵㣬Сʶ࣬ǵãСʮ֮ǰ׼ռˡ
ʮ֮ǰ
˵İɡ
ڲʮ꣬ǻҪٵ꣬˵ѾͣŮΪΪĸǺ¡
ᾡԼɲұ֤һ̵ʮ꣬˵ѾǼˣʵ̫ңԶ
Ҳǿġ
ߣҲǿ𡱡ıŮҪôǿĽͲͳ޲һͻصĵߣĹŮˡ
Ҳǡ
òǻ£䲻վǰһ˫ڰ׷⣬ŵ𻨣ңٲȥĻ᲻Щ
ģ
ˣҪأ󼱼˻֣ϢȻȥһ磬ùţǾҪˣ˯ͻ𡱡һӶġ
ͣ͡
ֱ˵ıӰ޲ų׵׵˿ҪȥҲ֪ôشˡ
̧𣬶ͬĻ𣿡
Ȼͬҡͷ
޲һϲһְԭΡ
ʲô鶼ƻĺúõʲôȤԣʲôʱףʲôʱӣ˳ȻͺãҲŲ
ԭ
Ĳͬôһ£ϲ⡣

2  66 ɷצ

δȫֵ׹ѣڵƻѵҲһ־ִѾسˡ
Ѿ뿪ˡ
һһĵȷνۣʮҲ״εüٽõ֮仹ҪȥʾѺá
δõʵϵĶҲԶ˴֮ĸûʲôõġ
һˣûгѴϵĳ޲ɵķ˴Ҫ̸һؾˡ
ѾЩӲعᣬЩ
ϴҪǲˣһһʱòҪȥ˵Σ򣬵ĻƢܻ޳ܵҲһ
ζŨҲᱻŵȥ
˴ͺãϲɽҰ֮䣬޳Ϊڣ뻨ɭľã˾ǲƻ
ط֮·δ߼㱻
ĵĹߣȴǲĵǰһüƽϣˣʼˡ
ڰ׷һɣϹ𣿡
ĽݾһȻûϵֱӶôᣬҵ˫áţƴգ˺üء
ٽֱˣ󻹻᲻ټĻᣬ˭׼
ֱ֮ǰֻһԣ۽ΣԹ̫ڡ
Ǿÿ
Щ˵˰죬ĽݾǹǲҸֻǣôǳ޲һԸ̬ȵĮĺܣֻǱȶİ˺һѣǽΪް֮á
Ҳơ
ֻ˵һ䡱
һҲ
һһ㣬εضƮƮԽĽݾһ·סķǰͣ
Զʹ˸˵ĸоó޲Ҳö˯
˼ףţֱĻһţһţǡ֮ʱ
峿Ÿ𴲣һűŮ뻳Ǻεȵܡ
űһϣ͵һ̣ҲĸԸ
ˣ
ţôҲһϵǶȥ𣿡µҲֻˣҲԸߡ˵ͷҡҡͷȽȥ°ɣվſʲô
Ҳǡ
û˵ãƼǿʧĺܡ
˻ûתֱˣһ޲Ľݾɫ£ʱЩ֪ýǸˡ
ˣġ
ֻнһϣ
޲Цһ峿ʱ֣һβ뾡ȻڣУЩ䵭ĿĽݾȴŵЦһã֪кҪ£
ĽݼѾûʲôϸ
ûĶҲѻ
޲ĽݾĲΪȻŭƾʲôռ𲻷ţҪģͷ
˵ʲô
޲ɫ˲һⱲӣûбһ̸ĻʢģĽݾΪǸʲôǷ޵ķǰšһеĽӵøЩϿЦˣΪȥǺһ
Ľݾʲôңҵѣѣ֮ǰ¸һ£ҳ޲ޡŵ첻͸Į
һϡ
ǸͲԸģҺ䱰ɣĲǣסҲ벻ˣ޲𲢲㣬ֻ㵱ɲ˶ѡ
Ρ
һ㣬κ˶֪κ˶Ҳκ˶ʹһ㣬ȴҲͬʱлϲİš
ǲˣҽߣǴĻᶼûС
޷ǽһ
ԸԼԸڴȶʮ꣬ԸʱһƬӰ֮£ҲԸʱԵ
ΣѾһһһҲ׷ϣʧ㡱䣬ӵݣֱӽ˦ϡ
Ľݾͷ˵ʲôѾûκ
ţҲزͻķŭ
ĴĻ̧ͷ˺ðΣ޲ʵ޷Īӣŵͷۡ
ôˣᣬŻ
ԭҲצӵġⷢϽʱһ㣬˵Ѫ˿ȷʵʱһ㡣
צӣ
޲ʶָ̧֣׶޼һ棬ȷצӵġ
óûС
ޣҪһӵˡ֮ǰٴĲ֮࣬ǰ̫಻̫ͬĲ㳤ٶİԵҲôӱ˵
ֻԿڣֻЩ顣ֻ𡪡
ĽݾжԶԶ
𣿡޳ָһָš
⣿գۣʲô
Ľݾв˵ǳס㣬뿪صǰȥ𣿡ģġ
ĻشǡǡĻҪô죿
Ļ뿪
޲Цǲס
״붼ûҪ˵ʵ
ΪʲôҪ⣿һۣǸĵˣǰѾΪ£ΪʲôҪصȥ˵ǹȥˣŹȥֱɱˣֳɵĶҩ֤ȵʱ䶼ûС
졪
һЦĳ嶯ȥ
޲ӵøˣûǣ̫̫ȥȥԶԼļĨʱԼڣδǰȡǱ޿ɱȵġ
ǰԷԼļδúõ׷ǡ
ǹһģһǰǰδҲδǲһġ
ǾͰڣúõİţȻ󣬵δ
Сһţ
ҺĽݾûѧЩ鷳ˡ
û
ҺҺá
ϣ֮µĲ
Ͽ촩ˡ۶һתתͷֿʼˣҳȥ
һˣ
ôУһ֣ٶȽңһȥϡ
Ȼ󣬳޲ٶȴϴ֮һţͷĽݾڣĽݾڣ֪ʱĽˡߣңغߺȻڳֱǶء
ҺͳһĵĽݾɵСˣȻɩҲʣɩ˭ҵġ
һĽݼһ˲ˣ˼ûаǷ
ĽݼĲҡ

Լıݶûи˼ȥҲҿõĵأһˮúõԼĳ࣬Լĵԡ
ȱ¡
һһ䣬Һͳؾ˫һһӦһͣϵļá
Ľݾɫ࣬ȴûвء
ҧȭ
һߵĽɫҲѿ˼㣬һÿȴδţһЦ⣬ȤĿųֵܵıֵ֣ܰأǴɩ˲СĿˣ̰ĵҪһѣץˡ

ҵֵܲǿϧֻҪģ֤ڽӵ춣ţߵģ˶˲赹ˮȵġ
ߣⱲǰѲҵġĽ˺ݡ
ĽݴС㣬αؿأºδûˣһºǧ򱶡ĿԼ£ԼùĽݴС̫𡣰֪СҸˡ
е鷳Զˡ
Ҫֵ̩ɽзֱӱжˡ
ɱ̾
ߣСһ䲻ˣ˵ֻҪ˵һ㣬ұ֤ݡ
ȫ£ûһϵġ
ĽС㣬䲻ң䲻ѣ㳤̫ƯˡɣԼû֮ǰĿ䡣
ƯҲǴ𣿡
ǻǲǣҪմϣ˵Ҫ衣үԡأ˵аɢ̫ƽӡߴԲҸ໹鷳Ůˡ
˵ߣˡ
ǵģˡ
ɴֱϹˡ
ǡֵĲг
޲Ȼúõģƽϣôûˡ
磬ɩѾ׼׵𣿡ϳ˵¡ٵĽݾһۣתЦʡǿһȥȿ쵽ʱٷֵҲ١ҺҾᣬʵǲԶ
ùžͿԳˣңأĽүĽСĽݲ߰ɡ
ǡ
⡱
ҾͲˡ߲ȥ֡
黹壬ӴԺ󣬳ĽݼҾǣҲǶһǣҲӣԲ⣬Ҫʱ򣬳жһվɲˡ
֮ǰĽݺȴǲϵ
޲һĽݲҪúллǣҲˣȥ֮úϢֻҪʱ䣬ɵüǵĽݲ͡
ллĽݲʢֻϧǶʱ֮ûաʱ֮ڣ͸ûˡ
ʱ䣬һ⣬ֿĽһûлٳ׼ң㾴ɲ˳ҵĳҲҺúõദ
ңĽ
ܵġ
Ϊ
ǻڵһʱɱĽٰʬͻĽɽׯ

2  67 ҽС涾

ģ޲ԼǾһ£ĽݺֻἰЩͲҪ£ҲͲܵ£δἰ뷨
ĽݺĽݼңΪΪҵĳӵ޷£ǡתۣ뵽ĸ
ĽݺȽӴ
뻹ˣСǺò׼ģⱲӣûʲôȥҲ
ϵ£ͽȥ
ΰӢ֪ǰ֮󣬶Ȼעģ֮λʱ֮ڣȴ޷ȫȻ֣ȫȻԼңڵڡ


̫θУУδ¹֮ǰһУΡ
ʮϵû˱졣
ССһĽɽׯǲ
ǰҲһһȷ֮һв׼뿪ǰߣһ˺ž͸ǵƨɺͷ
š
һ·ǵȷͬ·ģȥ֮Ǿ͸÷ֵŷȴԾɹִĸǵ
ִҪָ˵
ŵ磬׳
ɳﳾĪһӵĻҳۡ
ɽҹǰ޴޵ģֻѡҰ¶ޣȥԶ֮ŷһе֮
ǣ׷š
ŷڴ֮ǰδļ޳ģμһεִᣬ֪Ծ꾭ķ򸾣ĵ
ߣȷӼЩǾԲ׵ķ֡Ȩƣδļ̳ߣڳ޲Уһڣζʵȥ
Ҳʡ
ܽΣָ
ǻǲǴһ·ȥ
ɣǰǸˣְǡ

Ʋһۣһͬǰٰϳȥ㲻ǵ£ֿµ㣬ܵ𣿡û֪ûļһ
νʼ硣
һоûС
ɵ£ΪʲôҪиоŷֻӶɳҲҼȻἰûͷϸĿŷʲôǵģҪΣǻȥǺúĵġ
ʼĩ˵
Ȼִ̫ţþࡣ
ĵĻؼȥԼӶãѲеĳļֲԼ೤⡣
ģǿѾˣһһɤкԸŮеȷֻ㣬ҲֻһһһֻģˣнŵԣԱ㡣
ŵĴҲЩΪԤǰŴŵصʱ׼һЩΪŮ׼С졣
ҲĸŮС졣
Ⱦָ֮һ֡
ùţ˯£޲ӵ֣ģ󣬱ŵ˫þò
ȾЩΡ
ˡ
δ
ƽḶ́ľδ
ΪĿʼ̫ƽ˳ˣԣҪǹݵĿ
޲ɫ飬ȴһȵĵ˹ȵף̧ͷ죬
ӣҫԣȴشʲô

޲ĽеúãģһδһǼģЩرĶıʲô
ֻǡ
һı䣬ǲĽҲ˶ı䡣
޷̡
ԡ
̧ͷһðɣŰһһ߰ɣ֮·ҲܿԼδĲһ¡
ЦĿԼ֣ԣԸֻƽˣ˵ĹȥδȤûС
..............................................................................................
ҹ°ҹ
ŷȴһҹδǣų޲֮κһֻҪᣬһŹġ
ҪݺݵĻرǡ
ºڷߣʺ¡
ŷ˰죬۾ҪϹˣǴᣬ˸볤ص߶֮⡣
һݵɣһ䵭󵭵
֮⣬ʲôûˡ
ŷͻأŷŷ˺ôһȴıֳһ㡣
˰ҲûпĶˣʱ˿̣Ȼûĳı
޲ʱͣΪ֪
㡪
޲һЦ⣬ģɣŷ޲֪޲żĲ޲Ҳʲôԣȴȡ֡ûзȥȥǡ
һҲĲ𣿷һ䡰˲ңҲˡءҲƽˣΪûд
ӣ㵱Ȼ˵ŷ׾ܱ˵ģһСħŮûаҽ֮ģҶӵûˣⱲҲվˣ֪𣿡
֪
ŷһ¶ɱ⣬죬ҲҪǳһζǲǺܺܡ䣬Ƴ
޲ٺһ
ŷ˸ŷ־˴δ٣ĺ뱲ӣҲ⡱
ƨһơ
ŷӦ֪޲ûЩ
Ρ
޲ġ
ƣͣ¡
ŷг˻֮ǻ˵㿴ƾʲôţô֪ǲҪŪҡ
ŷ㲻ŵĻſɡ˵ġһŵ飬Ҳ˵壬޲֪Ѿþ֮֮ŷȻŲеĲҲ岻֡
˸
Լ·ѡ
һŷٴϮƷ磬һˣܿ죬˻صǵĵ̡أͷβȻĿһС
ĵȻȴڲס׵䱸
ʱض֡
ŷջ֣һȥġȥˣôڣҲκβ˳޲
Եǣһû˵ˣžѣˣӵһ˾˵ѧ
ƽˣҪ֣Ҳꡣ
磬û°ɣ
û¡
û¾ͺá
ڳģ˳ĺ˯ðȻͱԶˡǵδ䣬ȴ˫ۿų޲
ӡŻ𻨣޲Щ԰ס
ƺ񲻹á
................................................................................
Υļҡ
ҺͳصκԲɣһسȥˡ볤޲һͬصĿɽ֮ϵľᡣ
úõһֱ֮Ͷھ󷽵ҩͨǶͷҩġ
գˡ
˵ΪȥѰһҩģҩݣ֮£ֻһطС
Ҫһˣǰٰ졣
ڼ䣬Ϊҩδ룬Ҳټȥֻͣǰĵ׵ֲҩġ
ɽ峿ѳ˯˶ӭů⣬ÿһء
ɽȥˣҪһЩƷ޲һͬɽðæȴܣֻǷڡ
ˮһӡ
УҲܳʵ
޲ãסһӣҲģһҸ¡
𡪡
š
סãǻسҺã
ΪʲôôʣڰŪӣۣϸĵѡÿһӡ
ϲһЩԺǾڸڴһСݣȻ󣬺͵סһ𣿡
ð
˵ء
޲Ц
Ŀռ䣬Ҳвֵ֮ͣеĽŲǵĶУǵİ
һᣬ˳ǵǰ
һȺܹʮ֮࣬һϮ齣̧һɫ԰׵ѾѪɫĿҪ
޲һΪǰԼôûʱп¾һȻ磬а˵ȻԶĿҲûлͷ
̧һۣٶרϡ

ŵ죬ԱŶʩԮ֣һл
Ҳȡͷδ̧δδӣɵƮ
ȡ
ʮˣȻڵأǴĴ·;ңԶֻΪȾȶȻ϶֡
һΣүҲǱȺõģһΣүˣΪʲôͲء
һҲ˱ŵһΣʩԮ֡
뿪һȻǵĴүȣûٰǵĶү̧ͬһңͬһֶĴŶһȺ׳𣿡
ȷ൱İ׳ա
ֻǡ
һƳ밵ţѾ뾡취ǣǾȲˣֻ̧ſҪĶүĿɽ

2  68 Ӳʩ

Ĵڶ밵ֻҪһᵽĴţĪɵ֣ĶԱû˻¡
ˣˣڣ֮׼
а֮
֮Ҳûйȥ
벻ͨ׵ǣŵĽȴһ٣ٶж޷ԼΣǵȥˡ
˵ȥҲ¶
Ҫ֪϶Ͱŷ޲ߣǻЦ˵Ĵ飬˾ǶСҲҪסɵ
һ٣ٶȫΪ˵һΣͲڶΣҿڴˣ޹ء
һѣҲٸ¡
ǿԷģĵģٽжŶᵽĿɽ¿϶֪ܵԼжⲻˡ
һǺܸɴľͽǼҴٵĶһΣΪʲôƶһۣ;ܾϵĶ
ҼҶжֻܹΣĴȾҼҶһ
˶̧ǰûɲεġ
κǶ٣ǿ̧ȥʱ䶼ûˣһڰ·ϾͶС
ʱŭ˭ܵ
뿪
޲ۼòԣֻվԲ˼˶أһ˶Էɲкùӳԡ
£Ⱥú˵˵˵ͨ취
λأ˵ΣͲ֣λִҲûãλץʱ䣬ŶҽƣĪʱ䡱
ŵȰ˵벻˵ĶУС
˶βҼҶٵϵ֮
Σ
˼ҲԸΰ
һжһΪ𲢲֪ԼǲܰƴĶκãԹˣκˡ
ôͬĶ˵Ѿûаȥ־ˡ
ȡ
Ҳмȡ
𡪡޲ͷԣһʤ߼ԡ
Ҳɷ𡱡
ôһ£ֻҪǣҪʲôҩʲôξͺãԼ취ȥòã
áݵһۣô£û»Ҫű˵ЩʶˣһһΣûûˣһжҲȺǸˣǣŷǵûע⣬õڶ˼жԼβҲͰˡϲһһεжҿһΣôһΣҪٴ´أ´ءֲǿҽݵġ

޲ƿڣðɣòϣĿǺ͵ǣûеģһжѾһֹˡ
ҲΪˣŻϳҵţϱβõĲεúãôҲȥ
ԣҲ֪
ˣ֪顣
õСһ죬Ц޳ָỬķۣŨŨðɣȥȰߣǲߣҰǸߺòã
ߡαǣ
޲ǰһΣǺɫ̼ң̳֮ϣƣҲҪԷʲôˣԷǲֵǺơױۣǴŴɵģ˴ִᾡδǰȥμӣΪŶ֮¡
ԷжǲҲû
ֻϣԷԾ뿪һܲǻ¡
λѾ˵ιŶϵĶġһζű˲𣿡뾡뿪
뿪
뿪
뿪صУ·һ
ܴضһҲûУǻǿԺúõĹӣУҲûȥˡ
ϵĶ
ߣԶԣÿһڣϻٶŶеĶһҪóҩܽⶾʱһᶾ
һΣǽаʱ䣬ػػ·Ͼмˣеʱʱࡣ
㲻ţ˶֮ʱӲһ;
ֻҪԸҼҶ٣ʲôŶӦ
ʲô
Уžܸ
ߡ
ɲҸ߹ţҪĶԼȥѰٲȻҲеŲҪء
ң֪ų˶Ͱ֮⣬Ҳûʲôı
԰һȤûУ֮ڶȤֻҲʧ͸ˣˣܶŵĶҩ̫Ļ
á֣ȥ
кãǾ˵ˡղУֻʹˣûа취ˡ
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ı飬ʵǲס
ദôãҲֻһΣϽĶ
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뵽ʲôĵ¶
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;ȡ
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˷á

ˣһϣľȫǰǵҪֲ֣ǽϴаš
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ˣ벻ע
ܼŵģ޷ŵģٷģ;͡
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ǡ
ѾͷҲ̫ˣҺС߻ˡ뵱͵ʱ򣬿аģԻݲǣҪ˵ˡ֮󣬴ǱˣڣЩ飬Ҳͬúܵ
ҲңڣмıԼе̬̫ԭıԼĳԡȴҲò١
ĵͷȷ˵ĿһҲû
Ůļ磬ôͺãһҪҸԽɷô죬һݲľףôҲͷˡ
޲һݡ
ģһúõ֧棬ԣΪ˷һúõػԣϰ֡
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ˡ޲ա
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ǻԽԽæ
޷Ǹʲôȥʲôɣȶ׼ˣٽǡ
ǡ


2  69 ץ

һˣҪҩģԸõ֣ȴҲΪȡҩȡܲܿװǣֻòذɡ
һ˫СޱƿһʮкͰŮ¡
ҩĸպɽׯõ׼ӵУŵʱ׼ҵպˬĴӦ׳ҲһҪ
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׼ҽã֪ΪΪ¸磬׼ҲòСһĿɽϣھչһʱ䡣
ҪҲûɲӦ
ǸĵúˣĻеġ
һģСһ·ϵ̬ȣԲǳԶҲǰ㶯ûУоʳżһ·ơ
Ϊĸˣ󲻵òî˾ĸ·ϸϸϣһ㶼ûˣò׸ϻؾᣬڿɿˡ
ôˣλЩͷС˶
ҲͶȥһۡ
òͷ𣿡СأһܵһãǺҪ롣
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ĻأҪô룬ԺҲкӹˡ
ģǧ˵ô꣬ҵĿɱ£һҪᡱ
İɷһۣ˵źģ߿ˡɷһѣȽȥǳ

⣬ʲôóġ
ӵƨɺͷС˵ۣڽɼᡣ
Īŵ飬Ҳûзɱ飬ȴҲ¡
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¶úõסţҪٵˣûµġ۵Ľӵ뻳С
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ŹȣӪ֣¶ۣתͷףһ·϶ûǳԶ
ʲôûñӺôСǲԡ
ԶôԡһʳһٲԣǲôܵӪĵزǼûгˣţĻŮ޲ϳ֮ǰûгСùǵӣȥʳǳԡ
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һϦ֮ʧȥ˾صĸ׺ףԼеļˣֻʣöѡ
ҺããһֱǸø硣
磬ΪʲôԶ֪ģҪʳ﹩󣬷򣬻ΪӪ

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ô£ǾŹȶ𣿡ĲŮѾǾŹȶ˰ɡ
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̧磬һĽûа취ء
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ιߣҪĺ˺òãⲻǽǱ룬޷Լ

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ϧ𣿡
޲Цˡ
Ȼûãԣ׼ʵϵİȷֻǹϧ̫ˡ


2  70 ҷɺ

²䣬ǸӣҩˡСĵİѳҩԸʱһЩҲҩࡣ

ģЩҩͽˡ
ΪʲôҪң
ҪϽģҲûУͰæҩʲôġ
ǡŮİţĲ鲻ԸҲùԹԵһŪϽء
ˡֵİ˰֣ȵҩƺˣһõȳġ
Ҫҩˡ
................................................................................
࣬µĲѾл⣬Ѿ֪ԼʲôȻǵǰ£һֱţͳĵϤչˣСѾͷҲǵĺܣֻʱԵùڻš
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޲չӣ԰ĵϽġ
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԰
㿴ˡҵͺðף㰡㻹ǰһ
ǣǷһ׺òãȥЩѾ׼ˣ֪أԹ֮ٺúõϢϢúõĵһ¡ǣ֣ٴҩķţҩѰ˻ǽá
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һգŸչһֻСƿӣͷʢ֮һҩˮһƿϽƶɵҩ衣
һҩȻûзϻͯҩЧҲдˡҩˮһЩҩмгҩˮɵġ
һ죬ҩƿ޲ǰ

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ûеҩͳԸЧ
ֳŷϸţһͷײҵķεĴء
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һȺŮ˶Ըˣڶߵʱ򣬲ܺúõıˣ˶Ҳ˻ʲôá
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á
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˭֪һ̻ʲô
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ѾҲѼ޵Ϊ˸
㳤ٺ˵ҲǼ޸˳޲Ҫسȥģסھ಻ҹҹ
£Ҳͻ飬ġ
Ѿˣѧҽв衣

ᣬֻоĵĲǻȥĳޣģռֻԺΪ˱
š
㱨˳˵ˣҲ޷ڻŵˣȴҪɳ޲һӣҹѰ
˻ݡ
׼ִͬٴ£ЩѰǣҪСһģ£ط¡
ӣǿһЩĺá
һ㣬ǹȥδһֱȥ


2  71 

ҪЩĪļǰȥģٳٶ۵Ҳˣο˻رĳٶۡ
ΣշȻΣʶġ
Ŀɽϡ֮أʵϣеؼο͵ɽһΣһȻѡڣ֮ӣǾͲˡɴֱӴУٰˣαΪ˸֮ܵɽ
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żһЩײҽģᣬɽµǻ²ҽġ
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󲢲֪ܾŵĶү֮Ҳû˾бҪ¸޹ؽҪ
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ллĵΣʩ˶㲻ɲϲɵĵȥܻˣƢɱҪ
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ģһûôϡֽУõĺܣôһƵĺܡ
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ǵļȣһҷȻĶֻۣ࣬Ƿ˶ϡĲҩϹ



УУŽ𣬲ֱˤҩ֮ϡ׾С淢ĮЩֵ֪̤ҩ֮ϡ
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ŲȹһѣѾɫˣοЩԵһƬŭǿɵúúõĳš
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ҵֺ
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㣬㡪ûȴǰȺӵܱž˱˵ĵ
ô֮ǰû˸Ǹݽɫ


2  72 ӳ

ݲݵĻûзӳŵǱȴǿɼһ㡣
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˰һԴôҲͨ
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ȴϵ½Ƕմݡ
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˭֪ǰȶˣһ̣ѾˣСͽһʧԵһ
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졪
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˫ȾѪ
Ͳ롣


2  73 ֮

ˣϻմδ̵ѪĵӿҲȶȣķİ֮
ƵĻǰСԴſʮ꣬ϤĲϤĵأղȥתһȦĻǵֵܣ
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ǰӵŮļ磬̾һҪָڡ
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䶯ҪҪЩʱ䣬޲ܵģһ¡ʬ֣޷˵ùȻ
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ľȻ̧Լ˫֣ͷѪŨҵѪζǶĵζüͷ΢΢һ塣
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ɡǣСһĽɷǣᣬϴ֣ϴٻһڣҲѬ㣬
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ܴ飬ûаӰˣǲִĶȥʲôˣ޲ŸպãɾܲĲͣ˵Ҳһ裬С
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ĵɷ򣬡Цʲô޲г˺ôʱҲϢϢˡ
һֱָǰ
ĵţȴĨӰĪַˣ


2  74 ʧ

ھʮ꣬һһݣϤ֣һˣվǶʲôƲ
ۻۻ
ˣйҿ
ģѾҸղһĶȴһ壬ô
ǣأ㲽ܵɣ޲Ҫô
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Ĵ˵ǱϷɣúõĽһ˱ûˣٺúõĽһ˱ȻһᣬعŻǰ޲ˣȺȱٽȥЪЪ
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ܲ˵ķۣˣʱɵҪݺݵһЩ߰Ķ͸ˡ

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룬Ĵ䣬ı˴ߣ˵ٷϢѰ𣬽ϻûô͵ˣǺ֪ˣľ͡ԼһѵŮšҪвһǳҡˣȻسңû˻Ϣ͵ȥ˵ǳһĶġϾ볤ҵţΣҲǳҵϱ
ţҪжͷţҾʹѵĸһѰģ𲻰Σ˲κãǲˣ㵽ͷϡ
һģС
ңҴƴ󣬹ǳĽݺѾͲ֪ﻹжΣڵˡ
޲һ˼֪
ã޲׼׼·ؼңһϢϳ֪ͨ޲
һġĵͷ޲㽫һȥʱгϣȵȥǽӻ
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..............................................................................
ӭõĴүȴδһͬӭش̡
һͿһô£𲻸𣿻ԣĿɽȥһ۾ҪҴҳȥıϱôܾôء޲ɫжѿ
޲ҡͷ𲻸һʧˡ
ʧ١
ҵҪһʱʵһʵŭ
Ⱥ
˭ıӵҰ𣬳Ҹûꡱ
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ûûµģ޲һûµġٰŶӣ̫İһƽġ
š޲ǿ񣬡¶
Сӡ
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һһµ֣Ƿ¶֮ǰסھģһͬϳͼ죬֮ٽһؾȥ
̧ͷų޲Ŵһýġ
磬£ҲҪæҸһȥ㡱
С޲ҡͷŬĳһĨЦ㻹Сʮ꣬ңûҪţģ㣬Ầ£һʱһץӣֲҩòá
ȳ˫ۣ˿ߵá
ȷҪչˡ
ãǳȥˣõǣҺÿԼչԼġ
졪
ССͣȴ˶£һһﶼΪ룬˲ء
۵ӵ֣չþͺˣûʲôһʡܿࡱɲ˵ɫСѾͷԣľ˵ǯơ
ãڶҵ鷿̸̸ôҪȥ֪ͷûģĴûʲô
ǣﳹɫӦţתҴ뿪


2  75 

Ǿһͻֻ̨վ˴ͻʯȴһ˿ɹĶѨŶѨһ·£ģһأܳɽĲ֮⣬
ɽ֮ڣ⻬޴ţṦٸߵҲ޷ڴ˴ѰһŵӶһԾϡ
ļ̌ͷƾǰңԶ
֮УȻһƬ㣬嵭˵Ϣǡȿռ䲢󣬲ֹ޾һӵСľݣǹне˾֮ء
СľǰһӯСŮ˺һƯСƽǰ̨ϣһĻŮһС˵ʲô
С޻СȴСԴš
أһӰڵһƮŮ˺С޶عǵӰѾվǵǰ
ͦţӲɫ˿⣬˫ۣȴ͸Ũ޿ĸ顣
ǰŨңˣȡ
Ÿ磬ˡ

Ů˺СعͰ͵һһ߱ˡʱҲŷ֣˲һ˻˳ˣһϧڵϵŮ޶꾭
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˯˯СһҲ̲סǰڵһֱ˶
ԣڶҪŶϾ𶯡
ڶԹԵջС֣ɵ˵Ͳ
ͱڶȽȥҰ񷿾ͻ˾һѳϵ˶һ㡣
ȵȡæסɷֲٶһ۵Ů޶֣˾ôʧ񣬡ȥһϸƤģҲڣ˯ںǼͷɡ
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һͷ˯ġ
ãǿˡ
ǿҲãǿҲãȰ˵Ÿ磬һǣŶӣһֳ˾š
ִҪô˾ٶҲȫظУһеˡ𣬸ӵ˺ԭ׼˾סķ䣬ǰﻹһסӱڶ֮󣬾УҲӭκεĿˡ
ٺõΣһؼʱ򣬾ͻһ
ܡ
ᱧһӣڴϣɷصǵ
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Ÿ磬ǲΪˣˣò׳һ˾ȣȴ˱˵ĵ
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˱ڼԸҲҪ
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ѡ
˾ŸһҧƼеСƿ÷顣ôȴܣÿ
ãҺȡŬһĨЦӹһںȾüͷһ£Ѿϰˣôãĥôáģںõúܣֻǡ΢΢һ٣٣һ˶ôֻ࣬Ϊ⸱ӣŸ磬ĽݺǣߣǲҪ˺òã
á˾۵սӵֱ֣ҵҩұĽݺģĺĽݺܰôġ

ѾˣĽݺɵģЦǲΪ֪ʱǴĿ
ⲻǰ˾Ż¡
ûõģҵҽǶѾұ˲е֪еʲô֪˶Ҳ֪֮ʲôɷݣֻ֪ǲΡһô˵˺Щˣÿһô˵
ɳϣʧѾϰһһεĴӱпΡ
ԲϵĶ¼δδš仰֪ٴˡ
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˵ɵӲһ㻹ңбڶֻҪڣûµģҲ¡
ڶء
ǰĲ±ڶҲ˵ܡ
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ᡱ
ôǿָĶ̫ĪÿĽݺѪܼһὫĽݺϵѪøɸɾһ̯ࡣ
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һᣬҪˡ
һᣬͷλҲҪѹˣȥƹλǱŸϧûġ
ΪģȻ
ĽݺǸ˵ĽλץвλɷΪĽݺãĽݺõž졣
˾ֻ˵˸ţҲֻ˽һţ̫ͷ£ҲƽĲɷ˵ûꡣ
Ǹзִˡ
ҹĻ٣ľ˵ƣյͨ硣
ϰŵĶһЩɽ洦ɼҰˣҰζԼֵļҳˣסһֱԸ㡣
һ꣬ûͻȻҪһߵĻⱲӣǶ
ֻϧϣԶûкҩ
Ÿ磬Щ˾ϲԵĲˣѵģڶԣ㻹ԲŶǺͷɽˮż㣬С㣬һӣһֱԵˡ
˾ĬȴҲΪӵ˺ЩԵĲˡ
Ÿ磬λﻹûѹ᲻̫ˣ
ˡ

ס϶ãҸΪ׼Щϴ
ʱһĽɽׯˡ
ģ
ǲĵģĽݺˣʲô鶼ó˵ǰλķĽݼһǹʽ
ǹʽȴһҲ顣ֻǵģλɸһ޿κȴòĽݼҵĿơһ죬ɷ;Ÿһֻ࣬Ϊü˵ùһЩ
ĬĳС뷹Ҳûʳˣ˾һ˵ǰԵ̫ˡ
ѾԲˡ
ҹ˯£ȴôҲ˯ţɷĻ˫ôҲղϡ

Ÿ磬ˣ
û˯ţϢȶôˣǲĶҡ
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ֻǲ
Ÿ磬ܲܲλｻĽݺҲһ·
ġ˾һ飬˵ܲţֻҪͱڶúõģˣǻǵ¡Ůˣڽϵʢһа취ȳǵŮԳҵĲҲĽݼҶԿ
ǣĽݺļ˾ûа취ˡͬһ㣬ĪĶֺĽݺ
Ÿȥ߽ĻһҲߵȵ͵ġ
Ҫ֣ȥĽݺ޹أԣ˯
ǡ
Թ˯
Ÿ硪

˯˯С첻ૣȴΪ̫ƣ˯ˡ
................................................................................
һ磬ٶ𴲣ȥͷʱѾѹˣЩڴϣ
ƽ㾪ţһ£漴Цˡ
˭

Щ޴룬֪ôԼϾŸ粻˵ͬŽ
ǡ
ˡ˾Ҳݡ
ˣԭ˰ģϢʲôоûУ˾ţΪʲôҴʲôط
ȡ
ȣ
ʲôط
һԽи˵ط֮˾ŵٱͺأϸûа֪ס
Ҵʲôͼ
ǧҪᣬǾŸҪżҪͣŸ磬ĽݺҪץ㣬ŸȲѵģǧҪ
Ľݺ
ֳ
Ȼ˾źĽݺ֮ĹϵУϸϸĴ˾ţ˫ۺۣͨ˿ľ֮⣬ûзֱ֢״˾ţĽݺΪѪ˿ϣ
Ѫ˿ϣʲôᾪʣѵŸҲ˶
һֶϣĽݺѪֲ˵ڣԿΪãÿһҪѪⶾ֮⣬ӦòĽݺĿơ
˾ŵĿѰܿƵ˵ġ
ˣһ㶼ںڵ
ĽݺαӳС
Ѫ˿ϡ
˾ɫ䣬һǰ½󣬡˵Ѫ˿ϣʲô
һֱֻ֪֪Ľݺ˶ҪĽݺѪһʱ֮ʹ֪ǾһֽѪ˿ϵĶ


2  76 

ͨѽĶҩһֽѳϸѪ˿ĲϣģǷĩˮҺᶯʳڵ
ǲǶǸ˿־Ķ
ǲ֪ǾûѪ˿ϡ
˾ɭĵͷĽݺȷ˶Ǵֶ֪һֽзѪ˿ϣ˷θ
Ӧò˶ջߡ
ȷҡСĳϣСģ̫ƭı˼ƭ¶˾Ÿͱڶñڶû£ȻҲˡĽݺ˶ȻҪвŸһҪΪ£Ҿûнҩ
ûнҩΨһ֮·
ԲںԼǣȴܲںŸͱڶҪˣҪô졣
һ̫ˣҲ־档
ȷĽݺ¡ۣʡԼǷκεĲƣ˾ػ֮⣬û¡ĽݺΪʲôҪҵʲô
ҪҲð
Ľݺн
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ܱǸҲᡱ
㲻᣿Ⱥ˲ʶĻһ䣬С
ҵȷᡱ𵭵ĿһۣһۣûŵѪ˿ֶҲֻǴ鱾¼Ѫ˿ϣǽӴѪ˿ϵˡ
ȻҲִ֪Ķһ֪ô⣬һмصġ
Ÿ磬Ÿ磬ˣл˵òáὫɷ򳶵󣬡ǧҪŵֻǿףʵһ㶼׵ġ
Ź֡
֮£һŮһ˱С֮⣬˶þ˾Ǹµˡ
վһҲԲƱ㹻ˡ
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һԡ֢״Ȥģ鼮пģ˶Ѫ˿ϵ꾡֮⣬ֻ֪ߵѪÿһΣʱⶾѪ˿ϣѪ˿ֱĿǰΪֹδ֪
ԣ
ǾԲЦûʮİգ׼ҩ
Ȼȵʮյʱֹ֣
˹Ե֣
ιɿ֣ûʲô仯㻹жҪҩ
ոշҩ
ŷⶾѪ˿ڰؼһʱգʱһȵٷҩʱ򣬻ϾͿԿ
Ҫʱ䳤һ㣬ҿԿؿ𣿡
ؿڡ
˾ųһΣյĹâǸ˾ͲȨģֻ
Ÿ磬ڰҿ
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ִһڣʹһǿӲҲضָᡣ
ĺܼ֣һ˿ϣΪҪĿҵκķӣŸҲҪĽݺĲǲһЩͲԸ飬ʱԽλӣ󰲰ȵľھ֮Уֱڶˣʶʲôġ
ڱڶ֮ǰǻһֱסھȡ
ǰһֱȴǶٻصǰİӡ
ˣôԣǲǿԽϵĶûйϵһҪһԡԹˣнѵĻᣬûԹһӶ˵ǯơ
ĽݺΪգǻбӦģһ죬ɻǲҲǻͷˣ
ֻһµʱ䡱˾ѡ
ֱһζǰΪʲôΪĽݺҪ´ζʱҽ𣿡£ʮа˾š
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֮ǰԽеѪ˿ϣһԽͻңĽݺͷ˾ŵ
ȽҪĽݺͷɡһ죬ϲѪ˿ϵļľӣĽݺѪôĽݺ۵̣òγ
֮ǰĿɽҵһŮͻȻʧ٣һᵣĵġ
һŹȥ
.........................................................................................
ŮûлģһţǱƽҲҪֻһ֮֮ǵŮҪ˾ŵϡ
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һûκõĻʲôϲ˵
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īŨüɲչ˾ŵı󣬴Ǹ鷳ִ֮ʱ˾ŵʿ棬Ҫˣ£ֱĽɽׯ˾ĽɽׯмеĹϵҵġ
ñһ˾ĽݺĹϵ˸ӣβеѪ˿ϣҪۣǵĹϵûκӵĲ𽻵ĽݺУɾ͸鷳ˡ
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ҪúõĿԼδƬ̣޲ͻ
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һֱ˿ٵĹȥδȴΪԼƹֻż΢Ѿ㹻Լδ
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ǳ޲ſһЩʲô̲סֱĽݼңĽݺ½ȥ
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˾ΣͲ˾޵Увǰ书ȺûвУ˵õ֮λԼ޵УжصĿ۽
ͬ⣬ͬ⣬֮һԴ
ĵĵҹҹ˯ţ˹ܵǯƣʣǵ
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ĽݺϲѱŪڹ֮У˾أһΣҪĽݺô棬˾Ҳó͸͸
ĿɷһۣƿģҪץ񣬾ûֹ
ҲϰߣɵĿ˰ۣģû𣿡ǰǻһҪҪ嶯
Ī𱻰ˣĴ̫ˡ
ȥŮʲôˣúõĴôɡҪ
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˻̫ССֻ˵ԼļˣԲǺˣȴĿɷŮ¡
˼Ѷǰǻǵò£ֻһи߿˲࣬˱ǡ
ΪĲˡ˿
ֶƲɷһۣ̫򵥣±СģĽݺ£Ѫ˿Ͽ£ҪܽҲͰˣǽⲻˣӵΣա
İɣѪ˿ϵףɲžܷŵġĽݺҲֻһֻ˾ӵϣֻ֪ùءĽݺÿ»빩Ѫȥһ죬žĽݺϵÿһѪ
ɷ޶һ٣ٶظʶִ硣̾ϢɷĻۣµĺȦһֱĵɡ
֪˾ŵ˾ŻβĿǰΪֹûµġ
ĳɥĲһѰģֻҪ˻ţϣҲʱġ
ˣ
š
ڳҺúõϢ飬УȻûµģ˾뽭ٴ򽻵ΪҲĽݺãҽտҵ洫Ѫ˿϶ѣԽġ
ˣοʱúõĿԼһѡ
šףϣԾѰѪ˿ϵķ޲ģʧ٣˭Ѱ


2  77 

޲ˡ
ıչƣ⣬˶ڵģĺ뻵ֱӵĹϵԿʲô̶ȣ
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ģЩġ
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޲û°ɣģϰѳʳүѾûкúóԶˡһѾҴȥ
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Сӣһ꾭ʲôġѾùıŮŲδΣ޲õҲãҲգһġ
һĨįˣԼڷȥδĽУһٵĳԺԭеļ䡣
һֱΪС
е˶ԿǵĹȥδΪΨԼУʲô˵ģǲģⲻһֻС
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ȴŬҪʲôȴôҲ޷Լ뿴Ļ棬ŨŨУҪѹ
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ŶĽݺ󾪣ʲô£
ǰ˽ߣһֱ䲻ַǽˣҪʵţˣ޲æ䣬Ľݲ

ߣˣðġ˾ŵȷаЧʣֻ˰ȴĽɽׯǴȥˣ
˾ŲֵһõĹˡ
˾һҲٷɳġ
ģĽݲϵģ̾ͻϵ棬ýʿͬѰ䣬׺ʱŻһ㣬Ľݲɲұ֤ٻõϴ£˾Ųǰùҩ
ֻýҩʱŻ׼ʱ֡
޲赣ģȻҵĽݲĽݲȻҪģĽݲԸȥӼеȥȥѰ䡱
ǾллĽݲһ
αӦάֵɢһ̣޲ĽɽׯͬȥͷˣĽݺļЦеļٱ顣
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ߣ޲ֻ˾һⱲ̤ýĽɽׯҲӲҵģҽٺãҲƽⲻѪ˿ϡߡҪһƣҽ޷ҽĳǺεȵĺЦ
ģģֻĽݺԿһС
ҪΪֻҪˣЩСֶΣС£һΪ׵ÿһ֮ˣǿ
г޲֣˭ң˭⣬Էֱһ
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䣬СɤĽл
ﲻ˱ԸܵķƿţЦգ˫Ѿһ۶Ŵ϶ŵ𣬡̣ˡ
Ѿˡ
ϵףҲϴ׵֮ʱĵһΣȷǸĵطʱȴĿ羰
ľһ˵Щƺ׵
һڣ˾ŲͬᣬһŰֽȻк뻵֣֮ȴֵòȷ
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أܺߣǣļһܵǣԣᣬĸܵˣǿôġ
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˱ڵ۾ܺÿĺף֮Ⱦİף֮ӵĺڣɴۣˮ̶ˮһǿЦϸꡣ
մİ˵ҲСһֱ֮Улˡ
ˣһˣСһͻеر档
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͵ĺӣǺʱһİĶĺġ
˱ڵС֣ģôС޶ǵһνӴǶŮֽ㣬޵á
ײ޶ȻǲԣֻǿӲ˵ԸǺܰС޶
ʵС޶Ҳܺ档
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˵ʲôǶţرôСġúȤһרС
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ڶôܵˡӵҴ˼ıغӣڶˡ
ûСҡͷ
ڶ̶СһﻹܵԸտյĶء
ʧЦŶķúúã緹Ѿ׼ˣҲҪ緹Сһһء
ȣȡֻ֣۽ŵСһɿˡ
ǡӦţ˾űӻĶӣڶˣѾ̫Ŀһۣûж˵ʲôҲһŶӣתˡ
ٶȲ˼ĳЦЦһһСûòһȥ緹ˡǵǣ֡
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2  78 

ȵĿΪ£ر֮󣬻֮ϵ¶ˮһ㣬ۡ
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ָʹ˾ŵȥҪҩĵߣԽⱻ֮֮⣬뿴Ͱ͵İӣһزūӡ
Ҫûа취ˣϾѪ˿ֹĶΪټҲֻĽݺ˲ŻڹŹֵĶǷȻһЦ𱻾ŸģŵʵǸˡ
ǽ˶ԡ
ֻĲֽܼ͡
ǣȷ񡱡Ʋƣۡ˾ŵı»СҪѰһЩ;鼮ԱĸѪ˿ϵϣбҳѪ˿ֶصļ١
䣬ȷֻ֪Ѫ˿ϵĴڡ
ԭѾѪ˿˼䣬Ҳϼġ
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ҳѪ˿ϵɷݣзӡ̧ͷһﲻ𣿡
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޲˾źõһǿΪˣӲҪʲôףϵķǲܶģֻӷжѡ
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Ľݺ̴ٺãҲ㲻һС
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ŪߣһмͷûָҺͳ޲ʲôȥʲô˭Ҳܲšƫôʶࡣ
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ΪˣŪһܺ
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ҪѪ˿Ҳһ֮£ʲôɾܾء
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Ľݺ½ģͱڶϣȻʲôҲ£ΪⱲӾˡζЦѡ

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2  79 

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֪ĵǲ𡱡
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һ˵ĽݺߣϵĶν⣬ġ
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һıƽҲһյԽԽۣһ쵽˯

ڶӵǰԼֳֻװ֮ǰһһоһ뺢Ӵ֣š
˱ǸĺӣѾòչɫˣֻҪһĲͻ
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˾̸˾űɽȥˣԤûĻҲҪܻ͵õȵ졣
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Сڶһһʯͷܵǰ̡

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Ƕ֮λô򵥡ÿ˶ԼϻһӣԾ˵ѪɲǼ򵥵ķŵġѪĴۣǲ͡

⿴һԲɫһƽһ͸ֵˡҪƣһҲѪ˿ϣǲǻ˰ȻɫʲôҲûз
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ĽɽׯȥҹҵˣЩĽݺָƣȴа˿ļ
ͨ˷磬ͬΣ󻹲ǵùԹġ
˾ŵʱķûܳԵġ
˾ųԵġ
޲ͷԼȥĽݲͲһȥˣСںúõ𣬵ȵŵʱ򣬴һš

ĽݺȥϵѾʧζװͲˣһĨſҲȥ
ڵġ
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ˣҵȻӲҲĴѰѰҲòµ˾ĽɽׯĹϵڸɡ
˺һᣬŲƿڵŽݣ޲ڴϣԴţУʲô˫ĿգרעŶ֪
£˱ˮͳе룬̽̽ˮǷ¶
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רעˣʶͻȻԺ죬ôϤ
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2  81 

ޡ
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ԣûпޣÿйĵ
ȻŬԼøǿ޷ﵽ˾ĳ̶ȣ٣ҪǿҪܸеķȫܻͨõŵʱ򣬲Ų޴룬֪ԼʹһС
ȫѧһ㡣
Ȼһѧߡ
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ӵĲĽݺйأ¡
һۣ̫ûΪ˾Ѫ˿ϣѪ˿ϣÿ±뿿ĽݺѪܼȥ˾ҲòĽݺãԹԵĻ¡

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У̫ΣˣҪ֪ʲôҴͳɣؾȥ޷һεʧ٣һεˣһķʽ뿪ߡ
ԸеһУԼе
ʲôԿ¡
˵һΣͻеڶΡס֣̫ˣʱϿ˿ֻ֮ϧһУ㱻ˣʮһôҲûС

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Ŷһ˻ʲôô
ò׶ʮȥٶվٶȿԺúõĹӣҪ˽û죬ңҪûʱǨƶʧҪȷÿһǷģָͨ߸ϵˣߵ˰㡱
Ҳǡ
ߵԽ࣬ĻҲԽࡣ
ƿصķΧԽһԽģһСõ֮ˣôٶȣԶȽٶҪöࡣ
Ҫˣǻ㡱
޲ƿԡ
ġ
ֻǲ룬ǱʶԸԼãҲüܵıȡ

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İɣѪ˿ϲǶǿ򶾵ǵסģĿǰΪֹһʲô򶾵ɵء
뵱򶾵ǻ˺Щء
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СƬ̣ҡҡͷδ֪δô֪أԣҲʵʵĻش֪
ðɣһĽɽׯĽɽׯ׿ӳʱĽݺʵ̫СˣȷȴҲ˵˱ӵա
˵𣿡

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á
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ڰ
ôԶ£ǻǲҪ롱
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á
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ڸУ³ʣŵʱ򣬺úõĿǸʲô
ûж
Ҳûж
жģѾ𲻶ɫһ֮£ѸٷסѨˮ̻븹С
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˲һġ
ΪʲôɫģӦǺɫ𣿡
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ʱͻˣҵҩˮ
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2  82 

ûκεĶԹʹãûҩģûߣȻĽɽׯҲûΪ׼Щ
óʱҩ裬ˮлɫζҩˮȻ󣬽һֻڻţһҪһغѪ˿ϷˮС
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Ӧ޺ģѪ˿ϵıûжģǰҩˮűҪõʱ䣬ȻɢȻʲôҲƲˡһͷ˿һϸСĶû˻Ứ˼ȥֵġ
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ͷۡ

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š


2  83 

˭Ҳ֪ǰһɫζȫĲǲǱðΣȥԣţеθҲ͵ˡ
ǶӶĽݺڣǿҲûθˡ
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ĳң֪ʲôģء
ǸĽݺ˵ʲôˣСĵ޲Ǹº֮ˣɫҲʵס
Ժ֮˳ǵǰңпѪ˿ϣҵ֮£ᾡһŬҵҩ½꣬ô򵥡
͵ĵ˱˻ԡ
ߡһȻ֮˵ǰ㣬Ϊˣ˽ҩҲҪĳСȻе¶Ľݺ֮ڣչ÷˳ϸλ
ǸթֽƻļһһӻһҲˡ
졪ᾪһ
޲ǿЦãףûĽݺȫҵԸȲ֪һУķչȷϣ֮Сȫû·ں۾Ƕó
޲ղ֮ˣʵϣ̫飬飬鼰飬߽Ӵ࣬ȴ̹ĵġ
һ˵ıԣʵѸġ
ºһʱҲκεĸı䣬ĶΪǰʮܾ˲ʹĥĽݺ׼һ㣬ͬʹǲߵ˳ο۰Ůˡ
ͬģҲ˾ŵԸ
ԲŻ᲻ˣӣ֣˾£ɾͷ̫ˡ
װǧлҲΪ
װ
޲΢΢һ飬װıʵ̫ѹˣʹ޵ò˻װһлеӡ
Ǹ˶Լ
ҵϣеĻһ˵꣬ʡûҪװɵЦȥӦ
ҪӦĵطءѡ
޲ٶȿЦô
ҲлƣƲ㰮˵ʲô˵ʲôǿ湦˭
޲һոջ·ϣǱ뷨
ĽݺȻС񡱣ôܲȥء
޲޳ΨһܵҲֻһôĽݺõҲȻֻ÷Ҳֵÿ
ڣЩڴĽչ


2  84 

ĽɽׯͥУﲻЩԼţЩĽݺġĽׯǺεȵæµͷֲȥӦģţЩ˵λȻǲС
ĶǽϼλͷĴͬһȫʱһһʱһԴ
Ľݺŵ൱ԭɣ֪
޲ңÿһζϱЦٲˣͺ˵Щǰ˵ϻǸɰͰ͵һʡ
ĽݺҪһпҪȻȻǿȥҪ
˵ףѡ
޲ʱ˸ЦģԼ˵ģЦǲͬģһεκһһĿĵģȫ¶
ԣÿһγ޲֮󣬻صҲЦˡ
öʱǷɵģҪٵıʲôһΪ̫̫ڶ
ǵǬŵĽݺȻ˼ȴҲΪܣϵĽã뷨λԼ¡˵£Ȩ潭£ȴδȨָʹÿһˡָʹı㱻ָʹָʹصҲ
Ǭţû
ʵǰ޷һ˭֪ûмţֻĽݺֱֹĽɽׯ֮һҲǽ⣬Ľɽׯһŵѣûʲôֵſġλ֪ѣԣλĽݺһһǼĲΪȻȻûб̫ף뷨޲Ƶһ
ˮһݸһԼ
С˶ȻҪúõš֮˷ͬȻĿԴյһȥͬңͬһ
޲Ϊ£һ㣬ҲͲٽϡ
͸ʵĹ˳
û޲ͷʵģһǸһĽӴ֮ȷʱʹĹ˳ĽɽׯҲΥһ㡣
Щǿɸıġ
Щȴǲɸıġעصľϣһ˿һǵǧǧҲǡ
ѾʶĽݺĽ˲ڽ£в֮
оĽɽׯõģ£ǲð족
ʲôðġΪȻȥʱ򣬺ùӾĽݺԸƷ
˵Ҳǡ
ʱհɡ
޲ôĵ³һ쵽˵û꣬и֪ǡѵԼķ
Ѫ˿оôˣнķ𣿡
ûУҪҵˡ̧ͷʱĽݺıҪóݽҩֻҪͬʱ£ͿԳŹ²κβʵ
ҲǺô֮һ
װжãȴҲһݽҩ
ҪѪ˿ϵĶǲҪȹĽݺѪųɣ޲ζĵ
һƿۣҲôĿǰΪֹðأҪһȷȹĽݺѪͿԽѪ˿ϣһϾɱĽݺ龡ÿһѪѪж䡣
һȥ
ٶ̧ͷд𣿡
š޲ͷӵҵ֪ᣬسҴһﵣ㣬һҪۿûŷġ
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СԴҲþöûмأ˰ɣǰһͬɽˮ²ʲô
һβһ
Ǳ󣬵һᵣǵģ֪ȻҲԸƹˣﲻͬ
Ľݺһͬ뿪ɣԸȥͳˡ
㲻õġ޲һҪһͬȥģƽصߣһȥķȻһͬȥȻһΪ޵ԾûСĲ֪Ǹÿ޻ǸЦءĽݺǺǷģ֪ѣṩĽҩܼԣҲòΪİȫһһֱסĽݼңֱȫȻûΪֹһ죬ҡҡڣ֮
ĽݺȻǺܷĵġ
ǿʱĳȥһߣͷҲԴǵСһĽݺһ̫ģض˸ǡ
Ҳ¡
·Ͻ˦ǡ
Ҳǵһˣ͵Ӧ֣ǿϤˣ˵ҲϵߣһڣѼ˻ס
................................................................................
ףĿԣЩȷĵǿɳĽɽׯ
ġ޲ͷӱԣĽɽׯĹͣյûе֪͵ĻϰߡʵϣǶԸģȻԸмǰԼ
š˾೯ӵ˵ͷ
ǡỹЩԥȥĵ𣿡
Ϊʲôãֵʣ˻Ҫ׼ʲô𣿡
ҡҡ
ûµġ˾Ų̣ӵӣҪǲԸȥһʱٴȥ
ãǸʱһĵˣĵҲǺˣʮǰʢԶء
ǾţȴҪ
ҵҲ˳һϵѪ˿ǲµĽⷨ
Ŷ
ҽҲء
ǾһҪˡᶨûʲŵԥʱ鷳ĸϣŪϵĹֶҪôŪ
......................................................................
ׯ޲˾һͬ뿪ɽׯˡ
˵ȥʲô𣿡
ȥߣŻã֮ǰ
ֻǹ
Ľݺһ룬Ҳ㲻ʲô֣˸𣿡
УһֱڰǵѾиţʱὫǵر
Ǿͺãȥȷһ£;ʲôˣκ£һһʮĽ
߰ŵĵطͳģгֵܣһǳҺͳﳹ
һֱ˰й۲ĽɽׯһжҲһĽɽׯ볤޲档
һΣ˹ĳҲǵһΣֹһˡ
ĽݺǷġ
󿴹֮һֱڳ˼ţûȥƬ֮Żع
Ǳ۵ص֮⡪һѪ˿ϲ˽ȫģ־͹ڣǲ̫ЩŮûʲôչȫֶҪôó
Ѫ˿ĿڴܶóֻҩˣĽݺѪҩҩѪ˿

̸ס
Ҫôʵ
ÿһε֮ʣѪ˿ϱ᲻ƽĴҴܣʱĽݺѪҩڣĽݺѪɣþ߱ζҩ
ļζҩҲء
⼸ζҩǲǿСǰõֽŵݸӹһۣüҵ鷳
ǵȻģ
΢һʼ磬ҪҲҪˡ
ûĵͷЦŮ⣬ҪС£㣬ҲмһˣûʲôǸĸͬһˣ鷳£ǵģͲǼ˵¡
ǡϷˣİɣᾡҵϡ
ۼҸŮΪ鱼һĹⲻȥ𣬸鷳ʵǱǸ
˷ˡĲſڡ
ͺáἱеĵ
úúã𼱣ͻҲ˼꣬ͱˣ߶Ͱɡ
˾ǲ˵Ҳ˵˵׻ݶ飬ǻϵģκϵĶô˾ڵˣȻ
лһȭ
ؿõĵطҲǻеġһҲˣĽݺûжôҪҪϸǻȥƤ
˭˭Ƥ֪ء
Ľݺĵϸδ
ȰһƤ˵ɡ
ТŮ
ЦԣܿŮŮõվԼǰͬһ˵˵ЦЦ㰲ˡ
飬Ƿȥ
վѲǺӡ
޲ԥǾڣϼǰţǰ֪ĿǰƣһʧصĻŲ˶ʧ롱
и򣬲ס
һᰲšӦʡԼСһ㣬֪Ľݺթǵöһۣȥʱ߻˽ҲһĽݺע⣬ӣȥô

2  85 

˶ˡ
󣬶Ľݺǻ˻ΰˣ͵㵽ǰļļȫ̯ǰ˲ιˡ
ĽɽׯĻԺݣô˸˼ҵƨɺͷͷ˸ˡĻǸ潫ʵһһʮȫ̯ׯǰֻʰһ˵˵
Ľݺ鲻أǲû̫Զ͵ʲô鶼ûз
ã˭ҲҪеκεΡ
ҲٵĹȥ
ѾɫһҲǵĽҩһʵں£ȴҲ֪һ³ԼС㲻ˡ
ԭ
ҪһҲ£ȴˡ
ûйϵģβŻвʣһţֶܵûʲôġҡҡͷҩƻСʵϣЩӣѾ֮ǰʲ֪ٱˡ
ѾҵⶾĿܷԺܿҵҩݵĻ˵ٹ£ͿԻָɣŸҲǡ
٣Ѿϣ⣬κεĽҩҪЧ
ҪһӶˡ
ҪһӶôĵĶܴ
ܸˣܿģġ
ĺҲһ˾ź˱ڸҲͬӵ˺顣˾ŶλãżҲҪ뽭ϵ˼棬ΪǴ飬˶֪˾жأԣĽɽׯģҲһǵö˾š
ͳɡ
£ƻȥȵõʱҪҲòţʲôʵĻȷ£ûˣ¸»еġ
ĽݺҪѪҲʲôѵѵˡ
ֻҪĿȷѪ˿ϣһк˵

ῴСƿӣԥšһֱߵ˾ȴûа̵ԥֱӽӹеĽҩԸƵĻС
ҪҪ౸һݣȻб޻
Ÿ硪
˾治ɫǳһ⣬ôܾܾ
ˣ
޲üͷЦˣ˳ƺΪء˾ҲżôС
ǰģ˾ʱ򣬿ûκεĳƺ
ֱһ
Ծܾġ𷭷ۣ˱˻ԣǸĲǸġ
ҵӣޱͬ壬ҵıģıҵġ˾Ų⻰һĻص
㻹ͦ˵ġŲԸһʶڶɱѧûʲôô

Ů˾Ȼ˵˵Ļǻ˾һͷ²ҧҧϵĶδ⣬͡
ˡ
𡪡޲ӵļ磬չɫֶɲ㿴˵Ѿܲˣǿصٻϼͣ˵⻰ʱɲ࣬Ǹˡ
Ŷ

ڰ׷ӣ֮ǰȥǲ֪ηֱΪ
ôô㡣
޲ûô˵أû˵ĻŶҲǷް
Ŷ޲ʧЦ
ʱǷˡ
Ҳ˵ʵжΪʵڡ

ԣգգ۶ҪôƽʱôģܸܲңҺûƹ

ᣬֵ޲Ӧˣ죬Ҫɳʵء
𡪡֮ǺǻƽʱоͿԿõˡͣ˾ˣοǰˣĲǻ֮ˣﰡȻҶǲ˽⣬ǣǼһ棬Ҿ֪һǷǳమһԷޡ
ɲǡ
һ㣬ǰԥûУͷ
ҵǰûʱһǺݵġ
ǲ˵š
Ҫ˵ʲô
ŬǡۣǰλǸĺܵŮӣֻǣڸһϣƺôͨء
鵽ʱֻϣԷֻԼԼҲֻжԷĿɷһۣ˾Żһ飬ֻҪһ񣬻һۣǾףˣʱʱ̵̿Ҫһ𣬲뿪
Ҳз޶ġû˻һֱճһ
మķ޾ǰ𣬿ó﹫Ӻܳ㣬Ҳϣʱʱ̵̿һѵûĸо𣿡
ûС
ǶûУҡҡͷ
һ𲢲ᣬҲһ뿪óԲ˯š

᲻˼̧һۿЦõĳ޲ÿδҪЩʱ̡
̣ܲǺܿġ
ų޲вǡ
................................................................................
ޣ
һΣúõֻۣΪߵˣ൱⣬ȫġ
ߣҲźమķޣǣ˾źҲǣĹҲǡ
ϸ볤޲ǲʵʵķޡ

Ǻֻϵķޡ
ͬ˯һȴʲôôͦģ˵꾭ʱĳЩǺ͵ġ
ֵܵס
ҹĽɽׯһƬأҲһͬ˯
ȴôҲ˯ţԴתŵǰ˵Ļһһ飬һ
ǰ˰ȵ˯ա
ƽȵĺ
ܰӵ뻳У°͵ͷ˯ʱܲˣһܵࡣ
ȴʲôҲ˵ֻЦЦȵ˯ŵʱһĻ
ϰɵ
ڣĻ·쾭ء
ǸϰߣǰǺϰһ˯ġ
òѿԺƤǵҲת࣬ϳ˺Щ⣬Ȼƫݵģ޳ģȴ˹ġ
ôݵġ
˶ĵطҲʱʱĻм۹⳯Ͷ˵ǿģǸ˶

ǡ
ܶ˶ôֱúܶĵŻԸֻǸƽˡ
巢֮ĸԲܣǸ˶֪ԣƻҲݡ
ĵġ
޲ˣ˶ĲȣҲ˯òȣ֮۵ľ˫Ի
ۣƬ̵Ȼ
ôˣ˯𣿡һ죬ٶȽЩԶ뻳ԣ˯
˯šŬĴĻԴٶɻ󲻼޲
ţ
Ƿް
ǰôˣ޲ıһۣٶ˯ѾʾۣЩصСôˣΪʲôͻȻʡ
֡ૡ
ʲôֵġ
Ǿú֣ΪʲôΪأҪһӵģǹһûˡûлǣ޾͵øһ˾һ𣿡
ȻҪԭ벻޲Ц·ô࣬ÿһԵദ֮ǲͬģǵ˷ϣҲǲһġ
Ҳඡ
Ȼ
޲ҪֱӳڡȻǲģҲĽĽ˾źᣬҲһһǰ֪֮ġ
ֻǣС鰮֮δ
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ֻϣһһĳɳڣѾ⣬ǰһȻĹӣ٣֪󣬼Ȼ벻ףͻһֱŪס
һ죬Ļס
ǲųײá
һ˻𣿡
һࡱȻãǻļʮҪһģǻԽԽ˽⣬ԽԽ䰮ŶԷʱ򣬾ͻһ
Ŷ
ǻмʮù
һ뵽ˣҲôˣʮأеʱúõ
ǻķޡ
ǡ޲Щƿڣ밡ҪΪ˳ķޣֻǡһٵͣ𡱡̾ϢҲΪ˳ķޣǣ׼𣿡
Ҫ׼ʲô
ҲʲôҪ׼
һĨ⣬޲ԼϿʼ̣ļҪȼա
ôˣúŶ
죬Ҳü
𡪡޲ɴཫͷľҳΪ˳ķ𣿡


Ҳҵν˵ǿһ԰
һԣ
ΪʲôЩ˷ܣǾܺ𣿲ˣԼģֲӲƵġ
˰
ǡھһԡ
áͷ֮ǵǣú죬û°ɣһЩ
޲䣬һ𣬱ģҵѾˡ
ⱲӴûôù
֪ΪʲôĻô죬Ϊʲôô졣ҲӻᣬҲһ̡
˴˵¡


2  86 

͸ֽϵķʽһ춼˴ˣȥ
޲ûҿ鶺Լײˡ
֪һ£ȥȴһ¡
ǰüΣЩӣϣһ㡣һֱϣҲĹ鼮
͵͵ġ
ԭһ׼׵ֻĶҹԼ֤ѾᣬǣŪ
Ե㶫˯òãѾһˣһ仰Ҳ˵ǣҲһ㶫Ҳԡ
ҪǶӿô죿

ҪҶԣȳԶòá
áƵЩġţҵȻٳԡ
ѾһûгԶˡ
˵˲ԡСԴӱ̽ҶȻԡ
ǡ
㡱
ǹ
ǣҵĴԣԼȥòá
ȫĹͷɢˡૣ֪һԣһԲûаСûˣһξ͹ˡĿų޲Ѿ˳ķޣԺʲôҪˡ

ô˵û
ǲܴӦģǷޣһǺ顣ұ֤һβۡ
롱
𡱡
롱
𡪡
족

................................................................................
úõϢһ죬ǵˣϾǵһ£ЩʧҲ֮е¡
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ЦӣһۣҲ澵ӳʲôģƼΪƾռ˽ӡ
޲ʼ磬ôν˵ˣ˽ûʲôøˡ˵
ĺ顱Ųһ٣ų޲ҪĽݺ˳ӣô룿˶Ҫҩȴûһ߸ɵӡ۾һ֪ôˡ
֪޲в֪ĵѵõһ죬˸˲ע⣬Ľݺǰô۵Цˡ͹˵ģκһ춼ģӲʣ˭ģϲõݻòףʲô¶ûˣЦһ¶𣿡һСĵġ
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޲νˡס֣һһòãȻᵽԺﲻƳġ
ƲƳ£ˡ̧ͷ⼸ôĽݺûȥеЪ
Ȼǡ޲ҡͷ˵⼸գĽݺΪĽѡɷⶨʱһһĽ뵽ĽɽׯĽԸģʱҾͱڳˡ
ŮҲҪõġ
ĽҪˣʱ򣿡
ףĽݺζʤŮŮΨһôҵһõŮ
ĸףɱߣĽǲôô򷢡ڻ׷ɱߡ
ⱲҲǵ˴ѪùĽŮˡ
Ľݺ޵̫ģľ㲻ţҲǹټҸӵܡĿĽݺá
ټȨǮǮȨȻĽݺӵеġѰһ߽Ծ㱸ģǾٺʲˡ

˵ģվ˾ԲܹԹԵõġԣĽݺҪ޲ѰһȫĽݼҴ㣬Ľݺհġ
Ľรˡ
ǰһ뵽޲ʲŸ˵飬Ҳ𡪡ǣС֣һ߳˾ŵԺȥǼôĽݺǰ˵ԣһѰĲĽһˣǺ˵Ҹ
ûһ֮Ҹ֮ͥҸ

㲻Ҫ̫ˣĽݺʲôˣǶԷĽݼҳΪ׼ңã㲻úõĴϾ̫˵ȥˡĽҲǺǵˡ
Ѱ˿ɲܼԦĽġ
ҰԣҲҰġ
һҰĵŮˣһҪͥҸ
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ɣУˣͽܸĽݺ
š޲ͷܹ۸УҲǲˣǻͦҸġһҸûѴء
û𣿡ΪȻƲһۣ뵱ҲҵŮءɾˡ

һϡ
޲֪𣬾㵽ڣҲĸȫ˶д۲ء
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ûأ֮飬ȥжԶһԶģûиؾᣬڳ޲Ѿ˸£Ҫô
..............................................................................
ĽݺĽѡĽķӦ˵ģƹĽݺѡѡ֮Ӧ׻úõѡ
ˣǲ֮ҡ
׸Ҵү췲֮ʸٸЦԶĽݺԶĽ
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һΣĽݺûǴһһĽݼұͬһ죬ȫ롣ĽòϵС֮ĽɽׯΪ֮һҲŵԡ
д˾٣ҲĽѡ֮
֪Ҫ˹飬͵ʩչԼͣõĽ
ĽһŮޣҲİСұĴɼְֽŮˣɲ洦ɼġ
ţĽݼ޲ӭӹ͡
⼸λͻĽɽׯʮµĺ˫Զ˽⣬ǺģҲסһ£֮󣬾Ϳ̸ۼޡ
磬ɳ޲棬ĽݺҪԼ۲һ

޲˾Ҳϯһģ׻ɡ˾ųһԹԵĺȾƣ޲Ǵͷβ϶ЦЦżߵ˿䣬Ҳ۲˵ʲô
Ľ۹⣬һȫ˶ҲǵһΣĽø׶Ǻܺõġ
֪δ롣
ڼﵱϹţ뵱߾ܾȢ棬һˡ
ûϵĶſһҲߺãʱĽɽׯҲҪһŮ޳ȥ
λһĽݺЦѡ
ǣ
ĽһһˣŷԼλϣʱֹȥ٣޲ϵĲѾÿҪ벻˿ˡ
֪һٷҪ϶ʱ䣬ϣֻ˾ĴڷͺãҪӦЩˡ
Ϸ˽ˡĽݺƺ𣬡λ˾
˾ֻģ́ͷɨһۣһ׶ѡ
λٰҵĳ޲Ľݼã޲ɽׯҪһӣ޲ҲλһĽݺʹһɫ
޲⣬𱭣һǰ߹һ⣬ÿ˵ļҲĹˣϣ˵Ҳ˽⡣
ڣɣصλϡ
øӵĸӡ
ĽվҸĻŵӵģͻأܿҪ˵ͬ顣
ΪĽݺ԰һѡ

ǰĽȻǲҪκ˵İæеİϢ߱ˣվжߣжôš
޲ĽݾпԽͬ顣

ĽݺȷǴֻҪӲҪŮˡ
ȫĽŮ⡣
ĽĽẦԼ΢ƽһЩҪֻ̫࣬ҪĽݾĽͲӡ
Լ֣Լʳ
ĽݺµӣĽѾɹĽʳ¡


2  87 

޺ĺ֮硣
úõһ˾ô˷ˣ֮ھơ޲ط֮󣬻ҪҶѶ
ҹŸտʼء
ɲһֱŶӡ
ǶͶ̥𣿡

ԶҲ̻ʵģѾǺ˹ġϵĲҶûжϼ꣬һĶ꣬·ϸûֶֻŵȻصټһˣã
һתʼ磬ҿûҳʣµġ
ʣµġ޲һ٣ѾЩ׵ĶѾûôˣǰиҪдų˶٣ϵķ˿ûٶ٣Ϊû˳ԹΪ׼ء
ĿˮǺܽԵ١
ķ˲ҵθڡִдʲôͷû̧𣬵Ļһ䣬ؿڸ֮ˣٳһҲôˡ
θûԣ㲻ʳȣٻڣ֮ǰʳﲻҲһֱԵȥ
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ûﲻУżС
ûС
ûУ
ǶҽҶҽ𲻵òе¶ĵʲôʱʼ˵һ٣ٶظˡĪľͻϿϵĶ꣬ʰȥʡһζ

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ĽɽׯͬѰ֮أʱпܷκԤ벻飬Ϊ㵽˭֪ͷǲǡ
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û˯ɡ
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һҪһᡱ
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޳ָʱᰴЩʹļ米δ۶Ƭ̵ʡ
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Ľɽׯȴδҹ˾ͽʱʱģƺ˵Ц֮һʱỹ˯ء
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ֻϣλӲǳˡ
ΪһŮˣŮӺ࣬ûбҪǵĽһϵ
Ľݺģʲôõĵġ
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ҲˡЩЩȻȥģڣҲǸõĵ顱ĽݺĽһҲһҸ
У˶ȫ⣬ֻĽݼҽãȴֻǿò߰ǿһ㣬յĽ̫
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뱧ľСɵһԾĻ˫˵أˣǿɱĶ
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ΪʲôҪͬ㡱Сһ
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޲Ц
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ҡ
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첻ʱ𴲳ȭ磬Ʒ磬υۺ֮һһδ֮˵֮УӲĽ˴֮˳
ĳ޲û˾һڵˣѰһԺ䣬ƽʱûȥţԹЩȵӡ
ǵľĽɽׯԺе죬УҲǳ
˯еѽüͷͬһС
СԴڳ޲Ļϣûĳ
ѵ˿ƣ˯ȾȨû
ó
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ջδⷬ֡
УĽݺԼ
ˡ밲ݴСŮҲֹסССӣһ˴ŵĽӣĴΪͳҩۡ޲һҲ˲ô˴
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޲Ҳд⣬ֵطȻǸ⣬𼱣㻹û˯ѣϵҲûл£ԹԵģҡ
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ߡ
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֡
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ȨǮвţҲֻǸˡ
׻˵úã޳ȥŮóȥˮ
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Ȣãֻϼףֻׯֻ̣صΪĽɽׯ
£ڱС
ãȢˡ
ֻҪׯŬģȻὫü޸ġ



2  88 

佲վɣӣ׼ΪҪҪ²óġིݣݣٿϰʮ˵˼һöࡣ䣬ɷΪü֣ĽΪһ޲Ϊ
ĽӲɹʵʵһ͵
ÿ첻ͱʱŻЪ£֮ȥ顣
ôǡ
ģźţϢȫɳϰΪ޷ϰΪ첻ǳŭһѶĽݼҵĴС㣬ƽ׵ҲΣžɫݵĽ
áĽԵЩ޴롣
硱ĽۣĽһǸءÿ
䡱
䣿ıǣ壬ҪҪ䣬˴䳡ȥĽɽׯֲһС˼ңɽרŵ䳡ôô㺰ɤҲġ
䳡
Ľһ֪Ľɽׯ䳡ģֻϰ֮ȭȵ䳡Ҳ˺Щʱ䣬ػأǸ˷ʱ
ͳˡ
ĵطĽһҲסĿɶأȥĿǻе˶ѵġ

Ľһ˫һɨܣһδ˯ѻ½վΧϰ߳Ȼ鷳
ǸȻһЦãǱʧˣҲԲλˣ쿪ʼ±䳡ȥ䣬λΣǸǸˡ
˵Ǹ͵ֵĽһӵĻǰҪάʵ񣬿øһָĽıӴֱ޵Ϊֹ
ºǸкô
αţһ飬ȫıƻĸɸɾ˭㣬һ򵥵ıǸ㲻ĺ顣
޵һתͷҲأһĨıĽ￴۷ֱ
ûһĸ߰ޡ
ҲֻĹңĽɽׯĴС㣬С֮ܣĲš
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ķĿһϵķĩҪ˶Ƶĺöɲóˡ
һ֣ĩջ֮ת˷
˼޺Ϸɿ޻˵Ҳһһط׼ˡ
췲ʸЦԶ˽ԲɫתطĽݴСƢļʶˡ
ȷǽһ޸߰˵Ĵڡ
⣬ĳЩ˵ĵ֮ġ
޻һҪᵽֵġ
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ǣĽСѾ˿Ľһϴ쿪ʼͻᵽɽ䳡ȥ䣬ٳˡ
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ǿ԰ȥһס٣İҲձȥ
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㿴ʲôͷǽջģ޲ס
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һ˯㼫ˡ
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׵һ
ҪĥĥϣܿδǷпܺ
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ˣǡ
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֪һҪһ˺ãȻǴĳĿġ̣һɹˣȻһ޴ˡ
ĽݺеƺԵá
ҵĲƲؾΪұһֻǣھǣӽ£Щ飬ҪһЩһͷλ߸ϵˣ˳ۣ㶪һ㹻˿ˡ
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幫ӣɡ
ӭٸЦһˣȴڽ¶棬һڽһȴ޷ȷ˽󵽵״ºӪɣصţʵԻġ
Цʱ޿̣Ц
Цһһֱ顣ͬе˽һûκεıӵЦı顣
췲ᴽһЦԶףĹҲ¡ڻ԰Ȼͻˡ
Ů飬ȴ;԰УֻΪЩǼƷĻ˷ʱ䡣
ȻòĽɽׯһˣĽɽׯĺöǱҪúõһͣ幫Ϊأ
ЦԻ˵Ц
췲ɫĻлĹ˵öԼͬĽǶ仨Ҳһ˰ɡ
֪ĽСǷ幫һ
ĽС㣿췲ҡͷѾһ᲻ĽС㷼ˡ

ЦЦ


2  89 

幫Ӳ䲻ȵ̬ǷĽС㲢ȤЦЦüЦЦЦ˽Ц˵ڵĻҲЩҪЦȻ췲һЦĹӺԼã
¡Цһʼ磬幫ӲۿĽСһۣҲĽСͬһɼ幫ӸͲġ
췲һ
ȴδ֣ĿģΨԼ֪ǰλЦٸȤɱĽöࡣ
Ĺ˵Цˣ˻ᵽĽɽׯ޷ΪĽĹǣĳȻҲǣֻĳԣֺŮӰˡ
˵ò
ЦϵĵͷҲֺŮӣĽСĸַһŮӣǳֺõģǴ粻ҪЦˡ
Ц⡣
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ĽĽɽׯвͬյĽһġҪĽɽׯãΨһУǽݾģȢĽš
ĽΡ
Ȣ޲ȢŮӹŰˣҪŮӳΣֻеı
췲ŸտڣĽӶ󣬻λͬģŮһӣǲŮӣıĽۡ
졪˱ҡ׵֣׵ĻСһһҪȥ㾫ֻ֣۶Ĺء
ڶԡӣǰˣԭűڶһͬɽ˳ȥĸκһҪ˵ǶǲġðɣĽɽׯĽݺĿǰòﲻ鷢Ϊ޵Ůˣֻ˳˷⡣
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Ľľ߶ԻǸϢ
һ˲ʲԸһβˣŵͥԺƼ幫֮Ц췲УǸѡ
ĽҲȻ֮ѡһɡΪ޲֮ѡһֵáĽݺεˡ
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ĽС㣬ɡͥԺĻҲЦЦеĹâЦгҫۼˡ
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лĽСģסúϰߡ
ǾͺáĽһͷλԱɣһҪǳȥһˡ
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ڰ׷ȴݵĮۣ˵ɨǼˡ
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һֻЦ滢
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ҲԼǸɺ޵ŮˣᣬҲһ˵ġ
˷ˣȷǶˡ߲Ϊ⣬˸ǲͬģÿͬĽֵĲ㲻ȺȲ裬ģҼһˣȥѰҩĸȻسˣ֮ǰΪ󷽱ûиǵҪͬ˵һԼĽݼСЩ
Ҳȥˡ̧ȵĵ
ǵġ߶ף˷Ĳڳҵ£˵Ҳﲻʲôæóȥˡ
»СٺÿͣҲȻҪЩʱȥϰߣ˵ڳ£ߣҲȷʵҪһϤĳ
𡪡޲սָ֣ﻹҡ
ȴδһ


2  90 

ĽݺΣĽɽׯЩˣʵ˲١
ģġʲôͿʲôʲô˾ͿԼʲôˣͿԶ
ٺ֪ҲӦò췲ЦЩ⡣ĽɽׯȻСȴҲڴ󵽴ɼߵ췲ߵЦ
ͷۡ
޲𲢲ţȴÿһҲžдʵ˺ţҲͲˡ
˾źסһػأԺҲͿԡʳԼҪԽĽݼҵ˴ǻ̵ʱڰףԲκεȴⵡ
ơ
Ľݺúܵġ
̫ƽӲŹ죬췲ЦȺӵԺݷáˣ˾˿Цá
һĽɽׯĹͣԺƫ󷽰֮λƺԼĽɽׯĿģǸǺúõĽദ˽⣬õѡ񣬶ȥһٵɧŲɵˡ
ó޲ģǵۣʱʱճϡ
⣬ֱӺǵʧȨǿͲڣܣӱͣſǸ˾ͲῪġ
幫ӣ𣿡ѳһЦЦˣȴôҲ޷ЦȻ
췲ΪԵĵЦ޲ǧֻ̫ող֪סѡ

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л幫ӹģĽׯÿͣԴд׵֪幫СΣǷĽɽׯסֱ⣬ҲٹĨˡ
˭֪췲һҲ⡣
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޲˾ŻһۣһֱĬĬԵ˾Űǰλ幫Ȼһ׶ԸĽɫ
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֪֮ģǳ࣬ԾһеģĳĽСԵԻԵҲǿ
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˾Ҳᣬ볤޲һֻϣԽԽá
˵̬ȣ췲֪ʲôҲ֪޲ȴġ˾ţȫȫһ
췲ת𿪿ڣǱߵͬģֻǽɫתͷβһ棬޲һȴзִ硣
췲֪ʿɶֹ
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Щ£

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................................................................................
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Ľݲʱһ;䡱޲ѡ
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ĽݺЩôܿ䡱
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Ȼˣһұ췲Ƿ⣬ֻҪ췲ĽɽׯףڣɽׯͻкҪ족Ľݺ޲ǰų޲ļ磬һ͵Ц޲³ɣɾǴ׮µĴ󹦳ʱϲƿɵö
޲ǫȴ޲ǾԼܰˣĽݲ޲һԣ޲ҪмĽݲĴء
ĽݺԣͷЦ
޲֪֪һʮ겻ӴȺˣȻǺƭûԹԸлģڻֻг޲һˡ
ǰŵöô֮ˣ
˾űһͲˣֻг޲ҡ
޲ʲôÿģﵱɼң𲡺֮ǰĵסţʲô£ֻܸ߲һ㰲ŵ׵
ͷ
˵˱ٿͼˡ
ǡ޲ֻô޲ĽɽׯԼļҡ
ǾͺãǾͺˡͷĽݺһˬĴЦ
˷ݣԺ䡪
˿У˸ͣפϸ


2  91 

ĸ֮ý֮ԡ
ʱ£жٷ޴֪˴˵ĳ࣬жٷޣòӡڳ֮ǰһ棬˽⣬ӶͶϳΪ޾ʹͣʼҹһд˸ݡ
ͷ֮٣żʡ
ĽĺøʼաĽݺĽ
ôЩӴλӸкøУ
Ľһôúõһദȥô֪ĸã
ٹЩӣһҪи˽⡱ˣһӵ£һѡˣǿǴغ뱲ӣô£ɲʶΪ
ʱһҹζ࣬޷ѡ񣬾ɵѡĽݺЦһصԼŮ
ڶŮǰĸס
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ĽݺеĲ֮ɫ
ΪֹûбȽһˣ
ûСĽҡͷӶã幫ҲΪЦƢܺãԶһƺ«ʲôҲ˵˭֪ʲô
ʲôҲǵͷ
ʵûа취ųˣĽദһ춼ܲˣοһӵ£ҪǼ޸ԶԸޡ

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ӣ幫ӺĹӲɷѡֻҪѡһԺȻһ˿ɱȡ
ѡһúõһ롣
췲õˣΪߵýȴ幫ӣǾ׸볯͢ԱżõĹϵֻҪңδŮˣٳϵ˶λҲҪ
췲
Ľȷǿеģֻ췲ıֲûõģŻӣ췲
ôһ˵ҲȷЩ
ϾǵĽϲҪС޵ӣ˴кøҲ͹ˣòܵԡ
Ȼ췲Ůѡˡ
Ůôһ˵ĽݺĶNŻϹãܺá
Ҫġ
Ľݺϵı鵱»͵Ĵ֣ŮߣŮļ磬űߵ·Ҫ࣬׼ûģѡˣԷİĵļ޹ȥδٷ˿ǱĽݼҴС㻹Ҫ⡱
֣Ľ˫һ
ЩǸҪġ
ˣ֮ǰ뷨ܵһ£õĽɽׯİڽɽ˸Ůƫġ
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ĽߺĽݺıȴڲסеĵ뼴õһеĿϲһһԸС
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췲һУʧ࣬Ľݺϵı飬²ЩܡĽݺӳһ͵Ц
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⡣
ĽݺͬеþЦһ׺͵ı֡е˵ȷᱻЦƭѰˡ
췲ҵһμ
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ǾϵŬĥɾ͡
֪Ľׯ췲Ϊ£
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ҲҪһ߰Ůˡ
е˲ţֻҪ۸͵ˣҲܱޣӶΪûһ

ڿǲֵô
ĽС󷽣ȻϲģֻϧĽС췲Ĺ۸вáģ˵һС
һ췲ֶǶˣΪŮҵ֣ŻˣʵϣǰŸϷ֮УΨж۸ãΪʺϳΪɷѡ֪췲ֶдⰡ
Ȼ⡣
췲һŮϷò
ĽС̧̫ˣ췲һҪĽׯ
˵
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θɡ
ȻǡĽɽׯΪݵĽɽׯңΪ˷ʱ˾Ľɽׯڳ޲ΪĲŻĽɽׯֻĲһãǱ뿪뿪֮գңңڡ

췲һĿмĴȻ⡣ˣΪƲ㲡
ǷΪϵĲӣ˲䲻ȣԾȤ
вء
һȴۡ
ֲԹԵĸڳ޲ߣԹԵĴĽݼҡ
֪õǺֲ֢

Ľݺƺ΢΢üжһּΪĶ

ĺܺΪҽСֶһ취ûУɼĽɽׯֻΪ˽ϵĶ
ҽ߲ҽǰ״
ΪβѰҽĽɽׯкáĽɽׯЩӣɲĽɽׯκפ
ô췲ֶȤ
ĻϺ꣬췲ʧЦСֶŹҽСڽϵĴţ֪̳ӵвĵλ޲ΪҵĳӵĽɽׯЩ֣һʱ棬һʣĽׯǧǡ

˾ͺã֪ʲŵ£췲ֶǵˣ
ʲŵ£
һ
֮£ĸ֮췲ҲҪиĸͬ⣬Ľׯ췲һ⣬õĸ֮ͬ£ҲͻС㡱
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һ֮ˣ
᲻ǳ޲Ūˡ

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ٶĲδ֮ǰ޷ֻðҧж֡
ĽƫĽԾζĽ췲ڵĵطȻῴĽ
һ׽ԲأѰңѰϷ
ִ˲ƣ
................................................................................
ů磬յʺͷɢʿ飬ӦűڶĽɽׯĺųϺɽСȥɢɢһȾɫֵԴףҲ֪м棬ȴǰ֡
һܲˡ
ݵõ˸߲ңǿ᲻Ȥ
˾򽭺֮£ҪԳˣʱɽׯڡ
޲Ѿ֮Ľݺһε˭ӮˣĽ֮󣬴Ųͷˡ
ϾĽݺľıȶһ£پһ£һ¸һ£ûкúõĽᷴ鷳
ó׼Щģٴһ裬Ҳ㽫޲˳һɽȥ
һġ
˭֪ûгţ˲ʶš
̽ġ
˭ˣô졣ˣ˸ģ˭̽ٺˡ
ߺŰɡ
Ժûкš
ǷǽſڣͨѾû뿪Ѿһۣ뿪֮ȥǣԺûˣͳȥˡ
ɡǡѾͰ͵ģ󡪡СҲһġ
ĽɽׯĴСˡ
Ǻãôأ֮ٳȥõĵһֱڶһᣬն𣬵СѾ棬ƮƮķԺ䣬һᣬֻŷųʳͲˮӣһų޲һգۣҲˡ
Ժûˡ
ѾĴվ˺һᣬͷŻȻ񣬴ҴתԺ䡣
С㣬Ժûˡ


2  92 

˲ԺȥˣĽһüϰԣĽɽׯǻȥεġĲ棿
ģС㡱Ѿϻ̳Ͽ֣˵ŻȷѾûˡ
ǸŮ˲вΪʲôҪȥġĽૣ㲡˵ҲûС
һԺȻ徲ûа
Ҫ˵Ӱˡ
ġٴγԺ䣬ĽһܰصĻĽǰС㡪
ļȥˣ
СĻ﹫һͬ뿪Ϻɽȥˡ
ɽ
Ǹõط
ͻأһֱδ췲ЦڣԭĽɽׯҲкɽɽׯôʱ䣬úõȥһߣЩⲻȥء
ʲôùⲻȥġ
仰ĽǴһ˺ɽ
Ľɽׯĺɽɽׯڣ徲ã̯һգ΢ӣ˵ĺܡ
˺õطȴĽɽׯһٵĺӣиҪҪ
ֻ
ĽɽׯеӡǣøϰҲȴء
޲ǰͷһ鼫Ϊƽ̹ĵطʳ£ٻͷǣ˱ȵǰͷȥȲԵġ
Ů˵ǲĻУɽɫУ״£࿴һЩԼؿľɫҲǲѡء
ͷ˵ģòҪǵİ
һĺ𣿡ỹЩģǸСѾᱻĽɽׯ𱰽˾ˣһСҲᱻúܲҡ
ġ֣ܱ쳤СݣСǵֻҪǻĽɽׯûʲôܿԣ˵Ľһйһ׷ˡ
𣿡ǻҸױѰĵطˡ
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У˲а
и£Ҫһȥ
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˱ڽҧһڵСֱ׵ݹȥóԣóԡ
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㲻ԣ˳޲һۣһֱűӣȴɫɫζ㱸Ĳ֡
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ԣԡ˱һԣ˷ܵҡСԴأءΪʲô
ڶԣܿͻˡӯǡ֪ɷʱأһε飬ԴڽϵľףΪ˫ùƽľһƽ
Ტɷȫ㹻ԱȴҲ֪ɷ޷һ٣ٶظظ
鲻ϣ׼ǻٶȽһ£ɵ³⡣
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ءþӴϵмǴʲôʱҪӣ
Ӱ
޲˫һˣԴ֪ĸ˲ʱô࣬ٿһ֪ǲǿԳŹһء
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Ȼ࣬ȴֵõġ
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һԼĺӡ
֣̽ȥ˱ԸĻУСС˶ĺСճʱ򻹸СһһĳʵЩϡء

Ŀһԡ
ҿһԼĺ𣿡Գ޲ʵ
һϲȴҪŬסԼֵ̫ԣȻԡǶᡣ
ҲһܺõҪô죿ĺΣĺӣҪô죿
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ͷǲΪԼԳΪһĸף֪ôһĸס
ˣֺˣ֪ôȥһСӣҪѧ
ѧû
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ãúáһãɼ޲жˣôԣֻҪ㿪ľͺá
ģ
ھͲˣҵҩľҪ͹ˣЩ˵ʲôʱſ뿪ĽɽׯʱʱŴţ޷ƽúõĵҩġ
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µ׶֮󣬻Ҫд顣
֮һвпƽ
֮գδڡ

2  93 

ĽݺӦʣ췲ǵĻشĽٲȻδٷ˴֮Ȼ췲ĽɽׯδĹүˡ
ǹͣǹүߣĽɽׯܲгͨ
Ľ˵ǰȥңҵ˾ͻͨ
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޲һϲõУǰΪҪϺܳܳʱ¶ڲ֪Уӿ˽Ų
ڿϲ֮С
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ã٣𲻻ڷԣֻҪúõĵӣõ״ȥӭδĺӡ
ѾǰиСȥϹŴЦһ˫һڰ׷ϾȾߺӵıӻǶȻһص޶
ԭͻ֮ʤͻס
绨αɢе˲ǲعʵ
õתһȺˣһԲ⣬ŶӣһͬţٺõҲкõ顣
ĽС㣬ɡ
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޲һ΢΢һǰװ߰˰ˣģ˷δ֮ʱȻǺһģ֮գȻúõĴЪţôõߣϧˡ˿ϧôõôӲһȺɵƻˡ
֪λ˵õǺβ췲ڡ
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췲ſЦ⣬еȴвδһŮ˵ˡ
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ʲô̬ȣͬĽɽׯĹͣĽɽׯͬдҲſ񡱡Ľ΢ŭ
δɷ˵˾һҲǾͦȤ
˾Ҫô𣿡췲߱ĵɣҴط䣬ҲǷ
Ҳáѵõģ췲Цöף֪﹫ӽҪģ
洦ߡ
Ǿ洦ߵģصľξѡ
ֻҪͬһϵıɡ
................................................................................
ô췲ΪЩŹ֡
Ź֣
֮ⲻھƣŮͶĽݼҵȤûжԳ޲Ũ񡱡Ľŭһ
췲ģʲô״಻̬ͳȥŻٳûлΪҪǷţҵԼĻҲĽɽׯһ죬Ҿ͸֪Ϊ
ȻˣǿȢģʲô
ʱ䡣
ˡĽݺŮ췲Գ޲ǸȤΣǸˣ֪ôѡȨĽɽׯף󻹲߱Ҳ¡˭ҸĽݼҵĹүȥ췲Ѿȷĸֻ̬ҪĵĵһǣҪ̫⣬֮ôɡ
ס
Ľ߰°ͣһûûгףһв˵ǳ֮˸Ҷ࿴Ů˰ۣһֱۣʲô
޲Ҫׯסãˡ
ʲôĽݺŮ
ׯκεãΪλҪֻỵ¡Ľĵ
һĽݺһ䣬ڵԭ˵ãֻỵ£ߣŮ֮ˣխǳ㲻ùܣᴦֻҪúõ幫ദӶ£ĵļ޵ȥٷˡ
ҪĿɲٷˡ
Ľһ䴽Ц
İţˡƲŮҲһ¶ˣһ죬Ů࿴ġ
˭˵ŮӾͳɲ˲ţͲҵ
ƫҪ˿
ҺĽݼңɡ
................................................................................

СС˶ֱǰ̨׸ߵֱֱͣˤȥջؼֻεٵĽסССӡ
СһһЦ
˱ڰϷôˤôסģˡ
ڶֲˣ˾űӣζӳķ档
ڶûвԣڶùԡСһѾʼÿԼˡ

أĨϤӰûиЩĽƽʱͱڶһӭ
һ˵Ҫ塪Сһﻹʲô˼ԣСԴҧСĴָϸϸš
˾ɫһŶӣһݡ
ڣﻹ˵ʲôһԵᣬţʱʱֱͷ
е˾һ԰Ȼĳ޲ˣһ飬ֱƣȴҲʱʱһڲ衣
պܰꡣ
˾˿ģֱȻķŻظУʲţһͱˡ
˲Ľɽׯ޲书ã𲻻䣬ᣬ⡪Һòǡ
Ÿ磬ˡЦӭֻװɷ򣬡ЪһᣬҪٿһ¡
š˾ŵӦһŶڳ޲Ա£޲̧ۣӯЦ֣ǻˣСһ˿Աˡ
ţ˱ڻϵ͵СԴ޲һЦǿɰ޶ֲ˾ҲС˶һ취ûУС˶ߵŪҲһ㲻ߡ
⼸·˾ˡ
ûʲô¡޲˱裬ݹȥȺȿڲɣ⼸챼Ҳ۵ˡ
˾Ųȴһ˱в衣
ҪҪҪ
СС˶ʲô衣
˾ŻǵһӵĿУ˭֪ڶźһСھֱͷ࣬ÿࡪһſɰС
ճʲô
ǡ
ˮģֲˮˮȡ
á˱ڹԹԵĴٹԹԵĻü첻ˣʮġ
ε鴦׵𣿡
š˾᲻ȤʼĩһС£ȴǵԴɲõǵҪ£ù˼ҵļ¡һ˫ĵ޾ĺ벻Ρ
޲Цҡͷ

һΣ㲻еڶˡǵڶ鷢Ҳ뿴
ɲǣԭһС£Ⱦɴ££¡˰ܰѰţԶ֪ƣ롣
徲ӹˣЩ㿪ʼء
ۣ
һۣһԻعͷ˵ͷջ֣ôˣ
ûκα䶯ڵѪ˿İգҵҩ֮ȷһ¾ͿԶҩע⣬ٳʳرѪ顱
֪ˡ
Ǿûʲôˣȥɡ

ҧҧЩ˼վǾȣֻһڡͳ޲ء
ھһͱڶһ
Ÿ磬һ·ϻûˣǰеĵϸϸĴɷ򣬿ǲĶˡ
˾ҡͷ
û¡
û¾ͺá˿˰ɣȥó׼ЩԵ͹תҪȥ˾ֿ죬ӵĽȥġ
һᣬѾԺ
ϹϾվš
ȥЩԵ˾Ž
ǡѾԹԵ¡
ȴҡҡͷȥźҪ㲻ϲԵĶô죿
ҪҲ˾Ųĵ
ȴٴŶ㲻ء
ֻǣòɫˡ
һڵĻ֮Ϣ˲ѡ޲˹ĵķб飬ٻЦߵߣ뻳С

Ǹûطˡ

2  94 

˾һ۵ľˣһֻҪĵһۣѾ֪룬Ըŵһ죬㹻ԼȥⱲҲҪҲҪĻ̿֡
ƤģֻҪݺһɣҲľһƬհס
ƽգޱվžˡ
Űݷõ˱һأأҲҲððȻˡ˵Ǻ⣬ݷãʾģȴҲǲ顣
ʱ£ֻʣ췲ģǴһ޹Цš
ҵϢѾ͵ˣټҵļΪͬ׮£췲Ľ½ǰˡ
ҿ췲̿ûô򵥣⿴Ӿ֪ĲĽϣЩĽɽׯͷȴȫ᲻Ľɹ˵췲˵˼ص̫
ʼ޲ֻΪ췲Ľɽׯףո֣ƾưˡ
ȴһٵת䣬췲ʼĽɽׯȤոĽ϶Ľݺݣۼţһ׮´Ѷ
췲ȴٴ˳ϣ֪ǲĻȢĽΪޡ
ǣᡣ
̫೤޲̽ѰѶϢÿһΣǿԼֻҪ֪֪һЩ֪ģҪٻѾȥ̽Ѱ
մԼԡ
·һһЩǿϵģȴɵʲôҲûпӣһһڹ
ֻо䣬ĽݺӦòٶģﲻǻһβѪ˿췲ҲӲġ˾ĵ
Ѫ˿ֻβȴһ٣ٶظʹáһβжβѪ˿ϡֻҪѪ˿뿪֮ʱڣѰһλôѪ˿ϣܼĿΪĽݺá
˷ӣȻõġ
֮˦ˡ
õ̡
Ľݺϼ޻ֻϧΣѷȫȻĶ
޿ܡ޲ͷҲ췲ûѪ˿ϣĸһѪ˿ϣֻܹԼ˿ɰﲻ
һ㣬Ľݺ֪һÿƵˣͲҪԼ˵ֲֳֹ档
................................................................................
һ磬޲˾ű㱻ĽݺɵȥˡԺֻʣᣬͱڶűڶֻһͥԺš
ĽɽׯȻòһҩݵģʲôҩݡ
ԡ
ĵĵŵ
֪ʱ췲Ϣߣỽһ񣬵Ŀ
£
¡ͷ֪볤޲Ĺϵһ㣬ǷޣԸһһԲǸ˶ѡιˣֺֹǧ
ǧ
ĸѨķ硣
˭˲֪βҪģ׼۵ˣǾԲֵģžһ
Ҳżʮ˰ˡ
θɡв
ԭ޹ء췲ۣҫˣȴü֣ؿڣĽɽׯʵΪԸΪ˿ʱ֣һˣĽɽׯĽһȤҲûС
¡
㣬Ҳֵøõģ޲䲻㡱
˭䣬˭䣬췲˵ġ
۶еȻһƬ΢΢һ䣬ת۶췲˵ʲôڶ˵ˣϹ
𡪡
뻽һˡ𵭵ѣǰᱻʲôǸƺѣûбҪȥ档
ǰˣȴ
üһȥˡ
ҲС췲¶һ޲Ǻ˵㣬˵ĵĵһ˭ҲβõĲʱգῴ췲ȳ޲ǧ򱶡
¡תҪˡ
˵췲һУֳס֣һ㣬һӣΰεضſգ췲ͱҲ
㡪췲ǺǵͷյŮӣ·һ㣬Ʈţôܷŵ¡ǷˣⱲӣȥŮˣҵˣҲһͻĶ
һһ뿪޲ġһ仰췲ת뿪ˡ
ߺ˵أһϮ£ӭ΢磬Ʈ
ķţһСȴȻƲκкڰ׷֮УȾһ˿Ρ
ﲻĽɽׯɱ췲Ѫ˿֮£Բءһ췲ѣߡΪŵؾͿԶһƬ졣
ˡ
ô£ոպͷ˵Ŷӣ̽̽һͷûˣһ֮಻ЩȻˣ벻ɵ˵ʲôˡ
ղţǲǣ
š
İ
˭
һ׳գĵˣ
ûСЦҲͷˣǾԺžͺˣǺܿͻġ
š
Ǻƣ˷Żκһ˵Ǻصţκһͷһ
¹֮ˡ
ҲҪ˭¡
ʱƣĽݼף췲Ҫٴһ£ʱ򣬻ӭĽҡ

ھҵ֮󣬾浱ڣҸһϯѣĽɽׯʼ
ĽɽׯϲĽݺЦ治ϣϵһһأͳȥȻͷ˲յĽݼҵӡ
ͷҵȻҲҪһš
ϾµĹϵһ㶼򵥡
...............................................................................
ĽݺҰģ볶޲볶ҡ
ӣػصתĻԽԽһ֪Ϣûһƽ͵ģǺòεõĳӵҵĴүȴסĽɽׯΪĽݺǾʲȥ
ЦȥףĽݺŮõҸ
Ǽˡ
˵ŮҸƾʲôŮ͸õõҸôõҲȫ̯Ľݼҵͷϡ
Ľݺƾʲô
ҲﳹһѶϵӣ޵ɫʣKﻹǿףֲô˻һ׵ġƭ˻оûУ
ߣǾͻһС
ҲǱأöžˡ
УҪȥĽݺɫж񡱡ŭ
үôʲôϿƽľһ㣬ôˣҲҪ֣ںǶˣǻȥʲôȥ޲𣿡Ȱɷ
ȴôӵۡ
㡪˵ʲôһȥ޲鷳㻹ΪϰʮˡʮˣĽݺɱ϶ˣ˳û߹հ˹ô֮⣬ģɲĽݺȥһΣҪԼȥǱߣһͬĽɽׯС
Ȱ˵ãֻ÷
ô꣬飬˽һΣΪĸǵԼĶӺͶϱֻϧ¶һʱԽ˵ġ
޲ˣҲ£çײʮ꺢ӣһϻο߻һϻ۵ء
ǲµģš
ҪȥӶϱҲûʲô˵ţһȥֻԼҵġ
ʲôƴ𣬡һûдС֣֮ĻҪӵģϻûˣ
ұסɷһۣڲ֮ʱ򣬵ȵԺͺʱҲ㡱
ҡһƿڣǼЩΪ¹ӵ⣬̳ϣ˭˵Ӽߣзִ硱
ôһ˵ҲͷˣСһۣҲһȥɣʱĽɽׯȥ硱
ǣﳹ֮
ȥϢٿɷһۣջۣ˵ת뿪;ԶıӰһ˰޾ֻᱻӳԵһô꣬ӱյһװģС
ߡĵһ
Ϳһ㡱ﳹõĸ׵ļ磬һҲһ£ǶˣֲСӣҪ㻤ǰģİɣص£˼ϻһʲôΪҵ
˵Щ
ɼԶʵĻκο飬ˣ½ǰɣ磬磬ҡ
ߡ


2  95 

Ľɽׯ嶼ľߵλļ壬ȻҪĸݻƸЩһӶŵġҲһССɺ޹ǵĹһӻеʣ
Ǯ˾ϲǮһ£һ֣Ǯˮһ㣬ִţСϰգ۰Ͱ͵ţȴûаԼġ
ҺãĽɽׯϯ죬øľֻҪԵģͿˮϯɰһЩֻܿܲμ˵ֵÿˡ
Ľɽׯ£洦ɼĶǴϲ֣컨ؿƫԶССԺ䶼Ź
ף㡪
ˣȴҲ̫Ժ䶼ŹǲǴéҲһϲ֣᲻Եöࡣ
ΪˣĽ췲ȻǷǳæµģϵڣһ˫ϽȴϲЬ
ϱM·ĲãϵĲɫ͵İšһѵ£Ľɽׯæ÷ֲˡ
ҺãֻǿˣҪУ£ҲҪǲС
׼ɿƺôæ֮ʱӦʵͬʱܸɵĹܼҴĽݼҡϵ£ҹ׵췲ֻҪԲĲͿˡ
췲ɹٿԵɡ
ǰһ죬ɳƣҺͳﳹĽɽׯףءҲľܵԼƢ
ԼǸˣҲƢ
ֻ
еĺƢе̾ڵ֪޲˵һ̣ˡ
޲ϮԴ𣬲ֲҪģĽɽׯѾõĴ޲ҽΣӦòµġ½ȴ飬ǷĽɽׯڣĽݺ˭Ը
Ҳ뵽ġ
޲Ľɽׯĵؽڣ˵ڴһҲЩּݣȻҪó޲ء
˵޲޵ʲôˡ
ȴɱ֮
˵ʲôžһټɢ˼ܣһҪ˵ӣĽݺ޲ôˣ
֣Ұ޲ôˣׯд̣޲ͱҪɽׯп˵޲ͶϢȶûа취ˡ
·ù֮󣬷ֿ֮һǻصǵԺ䣬֪ΪΣصԺ֮󣬳޲ȴֳԺ䡣
ǣ˱֡
ûˣֻг޲һˣȲã˾һĻоȡ
ֻϧ
޲һ书ȴϣɼڸöôܡ
ĽɽׯׯԴ¾һ֪
ưոݡ
ҲȥҪ
޲ģƳĽݺһ
Ľݺһ˳޲һӵԺԺＫΪƽʱûʲô˻£ſڣ˵ȣҲڡĽɽׯܵв£Ľݺһ٣ٶĳǰΧڡ
һ˭ֽš
ʱ򡪡
ʮ
޲֮൱ô
޲صڣһֱԵУļ̼΢Ľϵ˺أȫɱϮͣȫǶ׼ţ죬ݣ׼
Ľɽׯֵ磬ų޲ֻһʬһϢҲûˡ
Ľɽׯ˼λȥȥҡͷ
һԵĽȫ˳ȥһأ㲻׼κ˽ȥ
һţõֻһۡ˭⡣
Ľݺ˺ü¡
˾źҲ⡣
ǰﲻæǲҽҲξˣģҲֻܿһˡҽֻҪڣų޲һûµġ
š
˾Ժͳػصܣ˾Ҳȥ˺üˣ֪ҽٺãҲҪҩͨվ⣬˵һһ㣬뿪ĽɽׯɽΪѰҪҩġ
ֹѪҩּ򵥵Ķǰʱ򣬾Ѿ²١
޲ûѪҪֹ
кˡ
˼ԭûг׺ȫŪøɼأһСģ˵ͻΪ޷ɶһغ
̫⣬̫Ϊǡ
Ϊ
鵽һʲô鶼ˣһ˴ֲ֪Ǻá
ĽݺָָڵӣվǰŽյķţûǰĴ㡣
ΪʲôţƵ
κ˽ȥػؼ޲ߡ
ǻдɩֻҪдɩڣûµģһɩһκôġ
ǡĽݺ첻֪ô˵ôһٵĳ֮أԭͼúúõģ;ȴôһӣԼ˶ڵ֮У֪ǲ޲βϣ
Ҳж
ʱİһᣬһ֪֮ǰɩʱѾǰˣɩװѪ˿ϣʵϣûѪ˿ϣԣɩоԵľκô硣
ֻҪû¡
ǲģûп磬֪˳ʲôˡ
Ϊһ˵ĻǴ磬أǿ׳ģô˶Ҫ
ɩɩңͳҲˣ㿪ǽȥôˣ
ҵĻûκεĻ
ͷķûаڡ
ûһ
ֻƬ֮ġ
ǡ
ͬʱĽݺĽݺһ֪»ǲҪʲôǸеźá
򣬶ûκκô
úúã뿪ǽȥ޲ʲô״һҪңҲ
ߡ
ƲһߣҪʲôģ


................................................................................
Ľݺ뿪֮󣬳ٶţŽŴ򿪣ɫв԰ף£ЩӰۻˡ
һҪչ˳ҡ
𡪡һ󼤶ݣ̳嵽ǰǿѪɫκϢĳ޲ʱͬʱݳһֳ棬ǰǿˣǣԴڳңΪⱲӶҪٿˡ
޲Ĳˡ
һ㽡վһЦһ䣬һµÿһ·ϡ˭ֻ֪ж̶̵ļգٶˡ
ص۶ϢҪоˡ
ôˣƱӷᣬֹסֱµ޲᲻£
Һͳﳹһһߣү
ŴϲˣɫЩӣţֻʱţ֮ǰˣһξҩҲβˡ
ˣء
Ȼء
ֻεĶһ仰֮󣬾ûб
һᾡκģΣա૵˵ˣͻһϣȷǰӹŹǰ˻ǣǻԲѣҪġֻٻָҲָǰӡ
ǡʲô˼
ɲԺҪһ̫ȣͻֱӻԲѡʲô¶֪
⡪ôأ
ֻҪţʲôҪֻҪͿĵģ֮ǰҲϵõô첻
˵һҲо֮ء
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ͷ
ҪúõϢʮ¾Ϳˡ
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ǡҪ೤ʱѹ
족ȷ
ˣһ֮ǰ޲廹ʱҲһ˯ü춼Ѳ
ܰᶯ𣿡
ܡ
ǾˣĽɽׯôΣգҪһô죿޲ҲܲκεĴˡҲģƵ
޷ҡͷĽݺѾ˽ԺΧסκҲ޷׿ˣҲ˾˵óѵġ
һ˼ϣ˾ңȥĽݺһ£ڿʼҲסֱ޲תΪֹ
֪ˣҶס
Ϣһ£ȥЩɩӣȽǡҲۻˡ
ҡҡͷȥ˯Ҳ˯ţȷǺˣȴ۵öáû£һҪ᲻ͻȥ٣ٺٹûµġ
ڰ׷УѪ˿ްѪɫ
ƿۣȴ޷ֻȷ޲ǺǻãȥٰŴݣһ˯ߡ
šû⣬˵ͷ
ҵĽݺĽݺ˵ǵҪסĵطŵ׵ҲһݣۼʱЪһЪ

2  96 

֮գĽɽׯµˣȻ󲿷ֶصģҲΪ󲿷صģ˸õ顣
ڳ޲ϮǰգѾףأĽɽׯס£ֻǣӵרŸ˰ŵĿͷרԺİţһԺסʮʮˡ
˶Ȼӡ
Ľɽׯȴܷ»£ֻ鳤޲Ϯһ¡
񣬱Ƚ췲ĽĻ°ף֮ٺúõĵ鵽˭ҴŵĽɽׯڣȻĽɽׯĹ֡
ֻóﳹǰͷȥμӻˣǴ粽ԺǱҪȵ޲ܷ֮
ڣĻȥȾϲһܵ͸ķΧϿգһСģϢ
Ľɽׯ˳޲Ϯ˵ϢͬʱҲ˲ע͵һһֻҪЩ٣ͻӱĹע
޲ķŲٽȴҲǶ΢΢ĿһС죬ȥ̽ˣϢŪ̫򣬱ᱻһۺݵɡ
ЪһɣԵ㶫˯һ¡ƿǿۣŲĶۣһΪβϱҲۣôͣҲùӰҪиһʲôģʱ޲Ĳ˭Ρ
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޲ڻԲѵУֻҪһ˿˿ССı仯ҪôصСò׼ģǻ˺öʱϣ׾ٵľȥ׶ûҳڣ
һϵʳʵûθڣҪʳά־ԣۡ
ǣ˵ͷϣӣһԲĳ˺Щ
ԵİģҺôĹִ
Ͷˣ޲ͻҲ̫ˡͽͣ޲ҲΪԽ࣬ǲܵġ
֪
ǰͷ£ҲᣬĽݺʱǲŵġ
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ţñ֮󣬡ҿҩûУʱ쵽ˡͳڼҩҩ˾ŴͷһģҪģҩ׼ʱιЧ򣬼ȫ꣬ҲһκЧá
ãȥ
ƶ̾ķŵ뿪óҵļɲȴüΪӦ֡
ٶƽĺ
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𲻽⡣
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ҩ͵óҷ޲֣ס޲ϵļѨᱻҩˮǺ
֪ˣɩصĵͷֳָĺ󱳣һһ㣬ֳҩһСҩˮȴ˴ʱ¡ֲҪôҩʱһʱҩЧȫˣٷȷá
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һڣһϮɴȹһ״·ɿɣһ֪һԡ
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ֻıЩ죬ҸЦҲǺߴӵı飬Ǹ˲׵ĮȻ
ӵЦǰԵ
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һᣬ췲ģһ˳·ŵҲһĸˣһϮͣڣȴԾˡ
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Ļϣûжҵˣҵܹܵˣҵļλˣ췲ĸүûг֡
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ǿȥкĿˣλǰɲܵˡĽݺʹʹɫʾ
֪ˣ
еĿˣǲһһкǱѡѡЩԺппõϵĿˡ
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ĵλթ̶Ҳҡ
Ź˼ľڴ޷Ĵˣ˭ⳡϷҶȻǻ㵽׵ġ


2  97 

ķΧִ죬죬ҪµĿ뿪ˣˣסĽɽׯɽµĿջˮϯģĽɽׯҪúõк
ΨһһԺ䣬ǰġ
ֻϵһ㶯ҲûС
ۿţʱѵûаϢԽԽģĪǻҪٵŻѹ
죬ѾǶ꣬ٵ죬ǶҪȫץˡ
е˶ڳ޲ķһվһһһε뿪ĻξĻΣǳȥŲһأһȦתֻصٽǣǱֱӳţԸݶǵҲٶˡ
Ҳĵٴǰֳ̽̽Ϣţ᲻һСı˺ء
һᣬﳹҵĶһΣٹһᣬǳˣ˾ڲμӽһ㣬ң㣬һҲ¡
ῴһۣ˳ȴû˵ֻɫԽԽԽԽʱпܴ硣
˱Ҳ֪СС̫ĳˡ
ԹԵ˾ŵĻȴҪ𣿡
ţѵġͷͬСĻصḧŶӵݣһε飬޷ĸе
ҪϵѪ˿ϣǡǲ䵽ز޲ôصˣ
ҽУȴǸͨˡ
ٸҽ޷ġ
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˾˴ϵһۣǰļҲûС
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ҵ˽񣬳ֶҪջεı飬Щղס
ҡ
˱ҲοԭǸˡĵջȥ

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ջ֣ûа취Ǿǲİ⼸ָԽԽԽԽҵǲȷһ£ľͱø߸ߡ
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˸ˡ
ųңе֮⾡ԣǹǰһ仰ûء
Сӻȥ
Ҳȥٶȿڡ

ƲһҲסء֪ϱôһ㡣ȴϵһӶأҡϵĶӡ
һǵġ
ˣɩ˵˻ǵģǾʱİɡﳹŸ׵ߣӣòߡ

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һΣѾûоڵˣѹɣ˭Ҳﲻˡͳ룬ϸϸһѨλ

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˺ü֮룬ף˱ˮʳָմմˮͿĨɸɵĴϡ
һᣬظǰרעǰġ
Ŵ˫뿪֣Ĵ
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⻰ǴȥˣҲôʧӰɡ
ĽԶԶףһк˵Ľݼˣӣ˼ҿǹټҹӣƽʱܶ˷Уһα˺ݺݵ£δ档
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ǽݣҲûзҲػصĶ˼˰ˣҲǳ𣿴ɩһҲ֪һǵ飬ֻõһ˽˭ǳأһΣ˶ΣΡ
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޲޲ôˣǵƼ֡

硪ۡ

ô£ﳹ
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𰡣޲ô£ɵ˰ɡ
ģһľеһ㡱
˵Ҳǣ̫ˣˣһѹûһģ̫ˡ
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񡪡𡪡ϵˣۣЩУ֣ûͼǰס֣˳
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һԵĳƿʼֱˣģǸСӡɳƣһ֪ǵԼӣ׵Ҳ
ͿɡֵһһߣŸ׵ļ磬ġдɩŲ
ǡҧгݣȴ٣ˣûˣᶯ˺
ڽҡδͷ˵λǻδָѡ
ٶһۣôһ˵ǵ̹ˡ
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ȥҩûмãҩ˹ҩ֮һЩ
Ŷ
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˾ŵ鲻ͬӦȢ˸ӵԭʡ
ҲȥҲﳹһѽҲ˳ȥ

2  98 

СӣҳʲôˡһţƳ¶ӵ֣䣬ӵ۵ġ
ԽԽûûСˣԽԽˡ
ﳹ̧ͷ죬̲סĴ󷭰ۣѾ꺢˺𣿡绹ûȫѣڲڵģͲ֪ң뿪ֲԶͷһͿԸϵĵطδȫѣ˵λʱ򣬻Ŵɩ֣Ҳ룬ǲǴǱʶڵŴɩ֮ǰ£ɩйءǲ²֮һǲ²⣬˵ˣɩ޵ģʱ򣬾СڵôѵǶ𣿡
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ôԽԽϲˡ
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üͷһˡ
ôˣĽݺ̲ס𣿡
Ľݺ
˭
֪

˵ʲô
˵Լ˭˵Ķ֪ľͷҪҪһ


2  99 

˫ֻأŴŲɶˣŮ㻹Ŀԡ
޲ЦʱҲȷǾԼܱ˵ϵǲɡ
٣˼Ҳû˻ôױˡ
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С޲ҡͷ˵Ѿٵģ񻹲áĽݺѰҪɱҵˣֻΪ˶Ŀˣ޴棬ԳĻнʣʱҪõҵ׵ķߡеһץҪЭңȻҲõڶεġαء
Ҫһܿ࣬ԸԼһе
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2  100 

ü֡
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һԻᰲţ޲ٺһЩҾͻȥ
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ˡ
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Ѿܹԣ˵ʲôʲôˣһ㲻֪£ǣ޹ء
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𡪡޲죬ȴ֪˵ʲô֪ôˡ

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ԭΪڣүҲֱ棬ôһ£үǲӵģǰλҲһӶ
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λذɣҴ廹ʺϼ͡ﳹĵһιؿ㲻ͨС
ĽüһĿһΣǾΣ˵޲Ѿûд󰭣ֻҪúͣҵôͻ˰ĽݼҵĴСʹү𣿡
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Ľɫһһףһڱݼҧ顣
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ͬˣв֪֮췲޸֮֮ˣԱеģƲпͷĽ书Ȳϡ
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š
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ݡ
ﳹҪˣһھ͵Ѩ

һδٶ˿ǰѶеһòȫĥˡ
뿴Ǹء
ңﳹǾô˵Ϊһôˣơݺݵķһ仰Ľɷ뿪


2  101 

ĽɷҴҵȥĽݺõĽݼҴС㣬ôӲȥ
㲻ĽɽׯڣĽݼҵĵ̣˸ô˵Ҳһ˵ģοļҡ
Σ޵Ŀδļ۸ˮǴߣССһĹƵģ֪ôĳԲѵúõĸƣǵĲ֪ߵغ˭ˡ
ʢŭеĽ˭Ҳס췲һ·ֱĽݺ鷿

鷿ڣĽݺüͷ鷿֮Уδκ˲Դ룬ʲôˣʡ
⻤̻ػׯĻǴСү
Ľݺһбʣֻԥ˰ϳȥ¡
췲Ҳһ㲻ððȻĸˡ
£Ľ׼ңȴҲû׵ȥȰĹϵ䣬ʱһҽ齩Ӳǰ
ȻĽһƿǰĻ췲һԲĸš
ô£ĽݺڳвŮһۣѾ˻ôûûأѵ֪鷿Խ𣿡
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ң
ǳҡ
Ľݺһͷۣŵ£ԭɳ޲˶ǺúõĲһʲô
ȻǲͲҪȥ޲֮˵˵ĺأȥζûмˣĽݼҵĹͣ˼ΪĽݼһеĴ֮ٵġĽݺԵ
ŮΪ˸ı˭
һĲġ
ڳҰͲ˭Ҳ
췲һЦһо̸ЦУḧĽ֣еһ߻ܰȻ˵췲ҲĽɽׯһӣΪĽݼҵˣɽׯͱʾҲǹ֮£ϣҵȴһٵƾܣ췲֪޲ѾûΣղǣصˣǳһտô˵ùȥҪý֪ҪЦĽݼҰ˵ĿһԲ𣿡أ˵ĻҲʮ
ȴĽݺ࿴ۡ
̼ľú͹ϵ湦ȷҪá

²Ҫ湦ʱ
˵ûֻ޲ûΣգȴȻޱҽˣ۾úϢ壬ҪʾػԺһЩȥҪѳ޲ǵòʧ
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Ҫô鷳ǡĽҡҡ֣ڳ޲ֱң֪Ȼǵȫ֪ģڶѾ֪

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ΪʲôңƲŲš
ﳹˣɩôæʱҸպ͸˵ˣңҪҺһȥö˵Ǵġ
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Ȼܸˡ
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2  102 

徲Ժ䣬ϢĽɽׯѵõĴһƬУ˰Ϣ
ѵõģ޲ܺõţ˯Ϊ˯̫ã˯ˡ
˱ڲСĸȾ˷纮˾źŵòˣ𿪹ҩ֮󣬱ɳҳׯҩ
ʱ֮󣬳ұҩصĽɽׯصĲ˱ڷµҩеǳ޲Ҫõҩ
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ףӹҩһһֵ֮һͷ
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ҩҲͻɽҩʱһĨӰϤԭ˵ʲôɩ췲ʲôĽݼεĹүֻ̳ϵ۶ѡ
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췲
΢΢һЩⳤҵͻȻ𣬡ΪλͻȻˡ
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ô˵Ľݺš
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ЩҼҩȥˡ
𾲾վ˺һᣬڰ׷˫Ʈƶ䣬ġ˼תǿұ㲻ҲǲСĲˣΪа˷ֻᡣ

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ϣԼ汿
ȴĲܿƣϵõòĻôɵ£ļ𡪡֣̽ȴһһԵߵ£ҲҶٳʲô£ָٳ֡
֪ˡԹԵţҶֻҪңôԭġ˫ۣڣһ˵˵ʱһȫȫһ˿ȫ㡱

Ϊʲô˵

𡱡޲УĲƭҵģҡ
һֹ̧˵ȥ˵ʲôǶģ췲µ֣ȻҪأΪĺ˶Ź㣬쳤ɽҩʱһ췲Ƶˣ췲ڸһٶ֡
ʲô
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û
ȷ˵οԼĻ
ЩӵĿų޲ǰͷעһ֮󣬲´㻹ĻҪñ˶ֱ֣Ӹһκηԡô
ôô޴ˡ
ҡ޲ЦǸǻǻ㲻оŻ۸˵֮󣬽ٵıǸˡ
˭̻ô棿Ϸ
ŹÿģҪ̫̣࣬οٸԼȥ
㵽жŴҡ
ûˡ֮⣬֮δ£ûʲôºģһֱһҹҪ£֮١
ǲüκ¡
֪ʲôԿһһ֮
ֻǡ
ΪδΪһõδһȹЩ£һֱȥ
һֱһֱ
˵ʲôϲƱˡϲ˱˵ûУûУУҲԼˡ
޹ء
ܸоԼڵ𣿡ʡ
޲˿֪ٴȥˣʣ֪ôشˡ
ҡͷ
ûС֣һ㶼ܲǲһεˣɢȫʧˣҲ˵֮ǰ䣬ǰˣµֻпյʽˡ
˵Ҳ䣬֪ҲǶԷھȫߣŻһϦ֮ɢʧӦûڡֻǣҲо
˵ٺһЩһԣڣɡǿҲǿˣԭΪ䣬ԱԼҲԱ˭֪ͲóѾͷˡ

2  103 

췲лҴΪĽݼҸŮֿ帮ĹܼƵĴǻңһ˺һصĽɽׯ
ػΪ޲˭֪Ĵ
޲ΪûиĽݺгȥ׷ʧһξ͹ˡ
췲ݲһ٣ٶʧܡ
²һΣһҪó޲ɥĽɽׯ
үɳȥѾˡ
ǽ
ǡ
һһԺ䣬֮ʱƾԺ䣬Ժ˾⣬˲ƣһССԺ䡣
ֻԺǷˣҲڸ˵ģٸչ飬಻ŲΪá
ȴ췲ݾݵ㡣
һˣ췲޵֮ͽΪ࣬ʮѣ쳬Ⱥߵȴǽϵʿ
ԴӼǰҵһֱΪá
ֻ٣췲ҲҪĽɽׯףϾˣǲġ
ıȵĽɽׯĹȢޣչ鲻ǸŮˣοȻ֮¡
ΪδȢһŮˣкѡ
ϵ𣬸ϵᱻϵǣİŮ˾һз֮
Կ
үģֻˣ췲ǰ
Σ
үĻĽɽׯȻ䱸ɭϣһβ϶٣Ѿڳ޲ʱʱ̶̿ڣǷһĽ޲ߵ˶ɱ
ɱ췲һƲһȺˣ̫˽⣬Ǽ˾һ˵Ķ֣Ҫ˵Ƕ֣֮Ҳǳصģֿɲκһ͡
˾š
ţֻҪڽϻĶ֪书֮ߣ֮죬˵ڻû֪˾ŵ书ʦкɣʲô̶ȡ
ŷﶼ˼Уοǡ
ŷǽϵǰ
˵ִϣֿǱϼ֣ô˾ž͸ˡ
زǵһһ޲ķﲻʱʱ̿ˣˣҲͷٶ֣ˣôԸֻҪǵã޲һҪ

뿪һᣬ༸ˣһͬĽɽׯȥˡ
...........................................................................................
˱ڵķ纮ˣСС˶ֿԿĺ;Ķˡ⼸ɷƻˣܳԣǸܳԣȥǶȥҪԿҩ޶ûãӲǲ
̡̣Сһֱǰ壬ͷᶼϲٶȡ
ڶڶվű𶯣׼塱¶ӾôӲĴ޲ȥˡ
˱ͣ½Ų
ԸĻͷףſɰĴ˼ûҪȥ壬˼
ʲôΡ

棬˭ҪһСС棬ʲôģƤĺܣҲ֪ǲ̫ϰˣ˴˵Ƨ˵طͬͬģԣСһҲٳȥƤˡ
ڲСץˣὫӱڻε̾ϢҪչ˳壬ǲȥǣȳĲˣȥ𣿡
Ĳûк𣿡˱ڲ̧ͷǣڶĲѾ˰
ڶСǴ󲡡Ҳ֪ô͡
ǱڶҲҪ塱
׼һֱδڵ˾ڿ˿ڣעŶӵС˵
˼Ҫȥȥòãòã
á
ã
ٲҲ̫ˣǵ̫󣬴Խ˸ˣȻţվڣһҪҪȥ
ɡ
̡˱ڸ˵Ļš
ԡǰС˶ԴŶ
á˱ڹԹԵĻص
Ǹĳ˶ףϵı鼫ȵĲȻʵ̫ΨһĶˡ
𣬶ԲŶˡ
޷ûһ㳳ֶ𡱡Ҳûǿ׳Ҫܸ
޲һ𣿡˽ݣ޲ĴǰţƽʱǶһ㶼˯ʱ
ᣬš
ѾöˡЦŵˣɫȴûкÿȥް˿Ѫɫ
ɫһûʲô񡱡ῴ𣬲˵Ļɲô˵޲ɫǲã鵹ԽԽˣƺ״̫ϵ
ףٿ޲һۣˡ
ǡ޲Ц
̫̫ͻҪСΪС룬ʹЦҲҪŬס
ˣˡĳСһﵹ޻ֹл
ڶ
ˣˡֵ˵ޱ˳ڡصĺһСһԽԽвסˣŸ磬㱧űڶˣҪҶҽеġһѽƵɷǰ
˾Խӱ
˼ҪԼš˱ڲѾǴˣôСһȥء
˾ֱװʲôҲû

׼

˵ˣСҲ֪µģ˱ڹԹԵı죬ƽʱ׺һʱ򣬻ǹԹԵȻСƨƨᱻúʹʹŶءҪҪﱧˡ
˱ڻұѾ˽ɫΪأȻֵġ
˴²ĽɽׯǶǵġֻͣ⴦Ժ丽
Щʲôˣ˾ɫһӻһ͡
֪书Ӧò٣ĽɽׯĻԺǺ̫࣬򣬲ᵽڻûаԺ˴롣
ֲһδᱻ˵ġ
ĽݺЩʲôһԺġ
ҳȥ˾ŵϣҵͷҪĿɲĽɽׯȺҲûУһˣӲ˾ǲġ
˾ųӵͷһۣġ
˾űݣһ㣬ֱݶ
Щʲôˣỹǲⵣġ
˶ץʿ֪ˡͻسһЦҳȥ
𡪡޲á
Ҳ¡ҲвסѾš
ɩҾҪųȥתһۣҪңǣһȺһһζֵģҪ˾飬ڡ

2  104 

ȥļʱ˾ֵ¾һѾƽûκεϢ˾ִ
ѧϵžڡĺһɣ顱һϵ
˼ֵ¹һУɼȷǹĺˣңͷȻƴһ
ˡ
ܹ
˾ţס֣ڡ
һڣüʱֻʣһۿû·Ҫһҧ¿еĶҩ˾ɫһ䣬ּס˵°֮ͣ󣬼˵飬ǰͳһҩ裬ʹ˷¡
Էſˡ
ɱ
ɱҲûزһţǶһ¶ϼѣҪ˵ѶȼɱûϵԺȥɡ
ϣ
˾ſûģһѽһ־Ͱ˦Ժ
ᡪ
еˡ
˵һðѪˮ
һۣ˷סߵļѨ˵ƣ˾ţ㲻Ըæ˵һ鷳
ߡ
е˶Ѿ𣿡ʡ
ȫδġµĻ˾Ųû˵ڣѾʲô˼ˡ

˲ֹлڻȥͲðˡ
˾˵ϰһۣԺ䣬Ľɽׯ˰ȥˡ
ˣ
Ķˡ
ããȻĸ˾ŵԺһۻֻʣһˣ
ڷϡ

ѶıĽɽׯȥˣһģۼҪû˻Ŀʳʲôϼ˰ɡ
ˣͷ£Ƹ
Ҫô죿
ιǳҩ
ҩ
˲⣬Ǵ򣬻ǺĴǾɡһٳʱ򣬱óһƿƿͳҩι˿Уֻһʱ䣬һ˱鴤·˼һ㡣
ô£ǲ⡣
족һȣԸı죬ͷ˵ķݶûˡ㲻ٳ鴤ϵıƽȻܲʹһ㣬ϣˣʲôˣʡ
塱
˭ġ
ˡ
˭
Ҵү췲
ʲô
ɱ޲
췲ΪʲôҪɱ޲
֪
һû֪ʧȥʶˣ˵ѻģûжʡ
췲ںδ
Աʮﴦ
˵ԽԽСϢҲԽԽҲ˵ˣ֣̽̽պöջ֣һˡ
𣿡˲ոջúõˣôһӾأΪ£ΪʲôܵͷĲףһЩɣ޹ˣôˡ
..................................................................................................
˱̧ȥˣ𽻴Ľɽׯʬ֮ǰ˵ĵַȥ췲
ȻóͲõ˷֣óе˷ֵĺᣬûбѡ
𡪡ôһ£ͷ£ȴֻܸɵڴϣʲôҲˣŨŨ޴вû޲ʼղһε飬һйأô췲
֣
ҪʲôϣŻģ
£ԹԵžͺáûпƿƿ޹޵ҩЩҩٵһ¿á
췲𣿡
û
ǰ޲һ̾ϢǣᵹˣѾס£Ҫ췲ϣԸ⿴ġ
飬ûôˡ
֮󣬳޲֪𲻽Ľݼҵ˰ʬͻظ췲ô򵥣˾Ҳһĸһȥˡ
˵ˣ췲ʲôˣ˾ſԺȫɱ⡣
Ҳ˵˾űȥɱˡ
Ȼ벻ġ
ֻҪһڣ˾žԲжȥˣɱ췲Σ൱ء
ʱ򣬾Ķˡ
췲ɲҵĴүˣĽɽׯĹүɱ췲ŸĽݺȥ
Ӧá°ɡ
޲εš
û£һ鶼ûУʬɽ⴦ˣĽɽׯĻһ͵˾š
˾ԣǵһأֻһԺ䣬òסˡ
ȥ֮󣬵ȷҲ˽ĺۼұÿһ䣬һҲûз֡
췲һ뿪ˡ
Ȼˣ췲ôȼ֮ܣ֮ǿɲ˷ʱ䣬췲ҲƲ
ţŸ硪ᳶ˳ɷӣı鿴ÿ£ʲôأôˣ
˾һۣ췲ең޲ҲͲˣ޲˾Ͳռȥʱ䣬ȫֲȥѪ˿ϵҩڻҪѪ˿ϵʹ͸
һֱǵá
췲ʲôˡ
û¡ҡͷ
û²Ź֡
֪Īޡ
ڴʲô⣿ǧŶúõģȴ޲ҪңپɣǼġǼҴƴ󣬸볯͢мĹϵ췲ĽɽׯĹүѱĽݺôҲˡ
ɷððȻ£ܵ˺
书ٺãվǸˣ已̥ʳǻ˵ġ
ˣͱڶҪô죿
еļֻ˾ſʵʵڣһӱ뻳У𼱣Ҳһһֱͱڶߡ
ǾͲҪ嶯
á
ֲҪ̫ݵġ
˵á
Ÿ磿
ӵۣѧһ쿪ʼֻ֣ÿһÿһʽʹ֣еҲбĿܣ˵˶ԾߵĴɣ˱˵ĵһ㣬ǾԲġ
ǡǺðɡκ᲻䣬ҪӦңԼˡ
á
....................................................................................................
һΰ䣬뵽һ򵥵£ôһ٣ٶʧܣˣôˡ
òģ׵˾ŵϡ
˾ţçһ
һĽɽׯ죬̴Ҵһر췲൱ϣʣ༸˴Ҵ뿪ؾǡ
Ľɽׯ£һβɣһλᡣ
޲ͼϣҪˡ
췲·Ľݺһеִǰһ죬ңյ֮׼׵ͲҪС
ôһ£ôúõĲӺһͬװ·ȥʲôأүԶӵĲǲ
췲ô󣬴Ĺһȴһ٣ٶĲġ
㲻Ҫġ췲ЦŻ˻֣ҵĴ㣬Ϊңһüƻһͷİɡ
ģôģҪǳ¿ô죿Ժȫˡүֻûˣ˭֪жӣƫͲԼСһ£ȥһЩΣյ£Ҳ룬һˣҲܲκεĴ̼
ģҲµģڣ˭֪췲ĽɽׯĹү˵췲Ҳ˼ʿκβġ

˵үл˵ˡ
˵ʿôһλô࣬أ
ѾˣֻһΣһΣȲ˵췲ԺӱСľǣл׵𣿡
ˣĽĽݺҪˡ
Ǿͺá췲һôۡ
ҷ£Ľݺ˷ɸ봫齫ϢĽݾ֪ʼĩŴ飬ĽݺԵ֪ĽɽׯһУȻ֪һ췢飬ֻ˭ıԱˡ
Ľݾ֪һ쵽˭
ļá
һ췲Żή˽ģӽùȥֻҪһ֮ٶȻصĽɽׯûɻҲɻϾĿĻûȫﵽء
鷳ˣ뷨
ͨ
鷳
췲ƾһΪǵİһȫĶʲôô޷һˡ
ƾʲôΪû˳޲ȻĳΪ췲ǿЦһŮ˷ǵɶˣʵǿɺ޵ĺܡ
һ췲һңһĽɽׯƺô׶Ըء
οұǲٵ̼ҺͳйԱĽɽׯĽݺӵļһء


2  105 

ƺʵһЩʲô׷ָ˵㽫ʼĩˣ¶ԭûʲôġ
㡪˵췲ϲ㣿
ȷô˵ġ
ԣһĶϲı֣޲˾Ϊɷ򣿡һ洽죬Ҳ̫ˣΪһͲŮ˾Ϳ˺˵ɷ𣿡
ȷǲͷ
ǡ޲֪𣿡͵һ
šٶȵͷ˵һ췲гȥġԣ֪֮ˣȴʲôҲ˵
ܼ򵥵£ȴôӣ˸Դ
üͷ֮¶ôһôһ£Ƿл߶Է𣿡Сʵ¾һ㡣
𲻽ƲһۣǷޣҲһҪʲô߶Է
ô᣿ᾪʲô¶߾Ÿ磬Ÿʲô£Ҳҵġ
˾ţ
Ǹ춼Ĳһ۵ˣ˵Щ
˵ʵ
˾ſɲǶ໰ˡ
ΪʲôҪôÿﶼܣһҪȫ߶Է˵ǣÿһԷ޶һġ
ϣ˾źܴһѾǺܲ˼ˣ˾ŵĹκһŮҲ뿿İɡ
ƫ͸῿һ
޲ô㣬ұΪһʲô¶ģ޲к˵ǿһЩʲôԣŻ᲻˵ġ
һЩʲô
ʲô
ʲôҪ£ҲʲôҪ£ԸСҲҪڶ
ô
ùһЩ
ǿʲôɼ߱ˣҲǿˣ˵Ҳˡ
ʲô𣿡˷ŵĻ⣬̽ȥǣɵת˻⡣
ãĽݺ֮ǰƿҩ£ƿܻƿˣһκһƿ룬µҲĶʣֻÿһȵѪһĽݺѪһ״ûкҾˣȥ롱ȴܰѾҩµ
һʱգȵʱ࣬޲״ȶһƽҩġ
ҪġҡҡͷѾˣŸ粢ûܶԸ£ģڣĲ֪ô죿ϵѪ˿һӶⲻˡ
ûϣôҸԡ
ΪѪ˿ϡΪ
֪ġͷ飬ദôãв֪֪֮ĵûкڰԹˣС󣬶ҲһҸҸмУԣһվǸ˵Ŀ⡣
ˣǾ۹֮УССĿ飬ȫвüա
˵ɱء
ʱĺĽҲһ

ҲԹ죬ԹأоŸ磬бڶδҲϣ˵Ѿ㹻ˣһ㶼̰ĵģġ
ôûпڶƣϲûͣժҩմɽϲɵģȥɣǳңͼΣĴȥֻΪҵεҩɻõıõĵ
ڶŸһءţﲻæͬҩвͬĴһˣʧҩЧ
Ҫ˰ġ
Ŷ𵭵Ӧһ
ڶˣʱѾԷǲĲϣҾٷԣŸҲļ֣ڶɾ书ҪģǿԱԼһ㣬Բˡ
ڶСȻϣ̫ࡣ
İ

Ҳᵽ޷ԺεĿھŸ绹׳ʱȻͱڶһ;Ÿ껪ȥڱڶ֮ǰʱ򣬱ڶҪô죿
ԣԵĻȫˡ
ڶ𣿡
ϣһڿޣŸ˵ˣǱڶĲʺ䣬͵ȵϵĶ֮ͽǸ֮ţȵڶ
ʲô?
𲻽⣬ȴҲûжʡ
˾ź͵ĳЩƵģСʱ򣬵ҲһҪǸţ֪ʲôӡ
ԣʱѾˣԼϲġ
ȻһûʲôõĶʲô
˱ڣǸǻԸŰɡ
..........................................................................
޲ģǳġ
һ˸ڴϣãܳȥҲͰˣ´ѡϰˣϾڴɵҲǵһˣΪΣʱɲסأأոջڵġ
ﾲĵĲӰ
뻽һ̫Ȼ͵ǣĹʹϰˡЦٿЦԼ忪Цˡ
һСģĻġ
𡪡ƽСĻһҲҲ̫ǿˣ㲻ҲΪ±ǹⲻȥģȴҲ൱ܣ͵һ˵ĸɡ
򡪡
ˣܵЩء
ԭΪ˵Щȴû飬صöࡣ
ԼǲҲҪµĺһ£ģϾ̫֣ңЩطԸ̫ܸɴľͺԹȥˡ
ţƿ
ǵӰֱֱǰڰ׷ɫȻڲҰףȴҲһͬûо
𡪡޲ϲԼĺˣŲСĽһȻˣĪǣǷĬ
֪ûüˣſڵμ˱󲽵ĽݣֱĴǰûзӦյһİۡ
Ķʲôģ֮ǰѾ߹㣬׼󺰴Уӽе𣿻˷ҵʱ䣿

ûд󺰴УСĽһѡ
ûС
˵ûУͷˡ
⡣
ԹԵڴϣ׼Ҷ׼˼룬סûһˣҷ֣Ӷ˯Ժȥ
ðð
޲ͷӦǣûǸӣڷأʶһ㲻ҪϽͣ򣬻úܲҡ
һʲô˺òã
ΪҪ㲻Լһ°ˡ
𡪡̾òã֣𿿵Ѿˣ֣ոţЩģʲôʱ
¡

ģǡʲôʱվߣ
ꡱ

޲ѵ̿ˮӵĻȫſˮȥһ뵽ʲôʱԵ߶˵سң᲻ȹϰ뱲ӣ


2  106 

֮󣬳޲ڿǺȻ֮ǰҲǿֻһξͺȥŹһΣ´ϾҪһôµĻ仹ǲҪΪ
ܺãڣŸ죬ųԶȻܳԵĶǲࡣ
ڻôԣúúõĹţһСٳ£ʱپȾˡ
һ£޲ԾѾõòˡ
ͲҪȵſ´ھͿ´ˣͬĻ´Ը߳Ľɽׯûеطء
𡪡
족
𡪡
족
Ŀԡ
Ҫ족ĺó޲ʶı죬ҪǿûʲôùӳԣʶһĺãֻôӶһܼˡ
úúãұ족ԹԵı죬ǰŲŸ̤ȥֿʼˣֳ̽ʱ򣬾ͱϵĳץסᣬһҪõܴܵȥһߡ
硪Һ侲ֳǳȶվڴǰһҲȻܵܣ㲻ôɩҰɡ

޲ϵı΢΢һ
˵ʲôŲˣô붾㣬˵ҽôġ
ҲСҡͷ˿
ҡ޲̾ʲôʱߵ˶˵ˣðɣͲҪ˵оֹѾߵôһ£ǹԹԵհ죬򣬺ѿ
ʼ磬ԵԼ˱ˮĴ磬ÿȼˮҪϣһڶУȻȵĻǿԵģɩǺµģһ˷棬һù
ھһǻسˣҲڵ߰æɩ˵ˣһھˡ
ԣһʲô£ìͷͺԥָͷϣתһ¶ܡ
Ųɵء
ֵ׳꣬д껪αظԼȥء
磬ɩĹԹԵڴϢɣҪɩǧİҪٲԼһ£СһɩҲ㵱һ£ʱ˾Ҫ޶޲ˡ
û
޲Ȼ֪˵飬ֻһ˴ʵѹʱʱҪȥҩҩûζҩҪɽˮȥңʱһյĲׯ
˾ȻҪ޶ģ֮ǰ⼸գѾһܣҪ˶ҲʱĻûмӰӡ
һΣҲǸЩԵģҩ»ǳ꣬ҲʧˣٲȻһ춼ˡ
ֻҪһҲģȤ
ڣһҲȥ
ɩʲô״ʡ
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2  107 

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ңҲ񡱡ŵģһܶıҪȱϯĲһ˳޲Ц췲нӴֻǽӴʱ䲻ʱϯ֮УððȻ˽Ӵʱ̫˭ֵģֻ֪ʱȢĽġҡͷԣ췲ˣ췲ȢĽ
ǲ㡣
ȫܣֻһͶ˼֪֪ףҪ֪֪׵Ҳø㹻ʱ̽


2  108 

˼ɵ˵ȷһ£Һ˾Ŷ໰ˣһ˳Էв˺Ⱦ֮⣬˵֡
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˾ѡֻϧ˾ǣ죬ôҲ͸뷨
ĽݺԥǾðգһ˾ŴʹʲôֶΣǿǷʤ


2  109 

ģһĻµĽݺûλ˼ҵԼˣɼĽݺĺȷСء
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˵ҲǣǣǸô죿һʱ߲֮ˣǣǲʺϽ㲻ܸһͬĿɽҲԻؾȵġǣҲֻܰһȨ𣿡
Сһ˵˾ŵıӽˣϺ˵ˡһҧᶼʶ˲塱˫һȭؽڵĶľǡ
ԣûһΣұ뱳λ꣬򣬾ͱֵһһӶҪڱ׷ɱɶ񣬿ɺޣһжĽݺɵġ
š
ôء
ǡֻһ·ˣŸ磬Ϊ˺뱲ӣǻ̸ˡ׷ɱӿɲ棬ʱضϵˣǶھҲȫΪʲôүǲĹء̧ͷʲ졣
£㲻Ҫģһġ
Ҫô᲻ܲģҪƾžŸȥ̫ͨãɲǰ׷ɱӡ
ġ˾ֻ֡
...............................................................................
زڴ´ӭ޲ԾʧңҲôˣˣľԣȻ޲ǽˡ
ֻǡ
뽭Ѳ˸ϵˡ
ˣ޴󰭰ɡʴ˻ʱϿ˵ͷ
ãֻҪúõСǱסˡ޲ЦлĹģϲˡ
˵ʲôһüĽݺľֹ˶ղϷ̸֮󣬽£ǽԴĽɽׯ֣ҲЩ뿪ĽɽׯѴϷһֻҪæϷ˵֡
֮ԣȷ˸ж
޲лĽɽׯȷǾô֮أЩӣǱ뿪ĽɽׯԼһۣ޲ҡͷһˣˣصĻˣȬˣĽݺܣֶգڼ췲ҪļӺˣǷʤ޲ǵģ޲һߣĽɽׯᰵҳҵ鷳
ǵ£뿪Ľɽׯ
һ˳صĵ˵ͷôһ˵Ҳǲܣ˾ŵ£Ҳ֪ģҲǱĽݺƳѡһλ

˾Ϊεģԭɲʣǰ˾е
ɣϷĽݺҪһʱ䣬;УתسңʱĽݺûǵ鷳
ȷ
ǵ鷳͵ϵ鷳
һǵǿԹһеӡĿų޲ͻϲٵĿ࣬бҪĽݺ죬ҲʲôˡϿɲɱڣֻҪǸ˸
޲ڴл
˵ʲô𰡡ͷһת𣬡ڼ䣬ͺúõ޲ӣȵӺЩ˵±ԸţһҲ֮ţֻûʲô˵ģ⣬Ϸԭ֮λֻϧ
л֪𵭵ͷ
Ƕ㲻ԼҲġ
úúãһҲ̳һŮ˵ߣϷҲͷˣұһϷѾһ飬֮ңܾôţԩ󡱡
лٴεлǰλˣȻޱǣϣĲϣǻ۲ϡ
ĪֵܸȫͬԶΪѡ


2  110 

ʲôҪ޲˾ͣһټӳƬɽĴڳ˶ÿ죬ǱûһѪۡ
ȷô˵Ľݾü֪׵ĲԸ⣬ƺûиΪʵˡ
С˫ĿһɣԲУ¾úôϣ޲·رĸΪҪȥȥͣõȵ޲϶޴֮ʱȥȡ
ʱ
ĽɽׯҲòǵʱ򣬵ʱıȥĽݺԲа
Ѿ˵ֻǼ֣һ볤޲˾һͬȵģ;ӻͣ޲ǳȫ
ǰȫ
ǳ޲һߣɾͲ֪ʲôʱܻˡ
Ľɽׯһ£þãҪ̤ĽɽׯһǷŻɽҪܻأ̸ס
ϣĲϣһȥǱʧƤ£˭ȷﲻᷢ벻顣
һĲ˹һһԸߣ׾ٵķſµһС
ô˵
ǵģ
ǧС
ߡĽݺһȥϣҵҪƣʲôɣǿƴĽݼҵĿˣ룬޲Ҳߵģ˾Ҳ޶뿪Ľɽׯ
һ㣬š
һȺ˿ǱĽݺѪܴȥԶȥȣ޲޷ѡ񳭽УôǰҪһ£ĽɽׯҪһ£һһ䲻Ҫ£ʱмҲ;ġ
ǣ޲𣬻˾ŷ򸾶ѾӦˣ׶ġ
ʲôһ𡣡ôеӸӦϵҪΪһϧϺüµĽҩǿң⣬޷첻Ľɽׯһ𣿺ߣ룬һΣ뿪ĽɽׯˡһЦٵЦ⣬񶾡
Ľݺľû˿׸֮లµġ
Ҫԣͱʱ۵׼
ۣǳ޲˾ţǸġ
ĽݺŭҴҵ뿪ˣĽݾв⣬ȴǸڸĽݺһ·˳޲ӵԺУϵı黹ûȫ¶ļЦƣǿҲȷǹٵġ

ʲô£ĽׯСеľ˲˿ɲϴӳ޲üͷͬĿĽݺϵֺҵϢĽɽׯˣܻĽݺ
ԣĽݺɫһ档
ԼĽݺҧҧĻϵı飬ʵ̫𾪲Żһʱʧǡ
ϷкκģɲȣĽݺĽɽׯ
ǡĽݺæĵͷֻǣһ£¸ո˵Ҫ޲Ϳɷʵ
ѩ׵ü΢΢һ
ϲ˵İĽݺôϷŸ֮λû죬˵Ļܹ𣿡
ɶ񡪡
ˣ²ǻЩˣ޲ҪúõᶯҴĽɽׯȣ·;޲ڵ壬ǳŲȾѾ˼ޡ
˽
ݵüȻΣ˰ãСУҼ֣޲ϵζ룬ĽݺҪһΡ
⣬췲ĽɽׯᵱĽɽׯŮҲͲΪһѹͲϤŮ˶޹֮ˡ
޴ΪĽݼȫˡ
ĽׯҪģһų޲һͬµġ
Ҳв㲻ǵˣ
Ȼǵá
ǵԱѪ˿ϣ޷ϣҲѡһգѪ˿Ľݺϡ
ҪˣϵѪ
޲ѾûдˣЩҲûκεĲʣֻҪʱ½ҩżʱվͿԽϵĶء׾С粨δƽ˵ټ򵥲Ļȴֲôһ¡
̫ˡ
ĽݺЦô޲ûиֽҩɲӦģȥȣʱ򣬾ͲнҩĹӦ֮ʱûһܰס
һŮӣȴҲһӦԼ״
ûа취
Ҳа취
ǰϣѪ˿ֶҲֻ޲ߵķݡ
ҪӦķӦǲ䲻ȣûа㽹ҲˣиްݻҡĽݺﾾûţô£ôԼС
ֻһʱգԶסȣһǻϼµĽҩǻصĽɽׯġº£Ժ˵ɡ
һֻһµĽҩһΪһθµĽҩһβͬһòôҩĽݺǲԸ
޷˭֪̬ǰĲ⣬ʱĽׯнҩʱ֪һȡǡ

öôܵȫȫûзءĽݺҲĿĲ֪λӦһƲһۣҪȥ޲޲
ĽׯȻô˵ˣҲ͵ӣ޲㳤Ӧˣ㻹ǱȥΪáվڷǰǰ벽ƶ

ĪĽׯѾεǰǿĳǸͷӣСֶСϼͰˣв֪ϷӽãĺӣϷȻӵŮŮؼͣĪĽׯӶ
ˣȻˣһоϵǣֻҪǷĽɽׯ֮ǰ֪һĽɽׯԻȥӣϵĲҲ赣ģĽݲᾡܵ뷨ҵҩġ
䣬յе
ĽݺȴӲתˡ
Ľɽׯδᣬ㽭вٵͬĽɽׯӣȴҪ˼ΪʮĹͺͿ͡
϶ϡ
ģΪʲôϻԼһˣΪʲôǵó޲˾һͬ͡
ִٰ֮ϼҪȲٶ⿪ţϼ˽ٵʿ
˵Ҫ߳޲Ϊ˾Ϊ˭֪˾ŸϿǰϵҲޡ
............................................................................
ĽݺһɿڣǱ㲻ٶͣͳ޲·׼ĽݺҪƿҩƿѪҪЩʱղŲû˰ɣɫЩ԰׵ģ֪һεĴѪĲ鲻Ը
ѾҪĽݺѪ˼֪ܶһЩͶһЩ
Ͼ
Ҳͷ˲ٵѪ
Ҳʱ˷ŷѪ
ɩ·û𣿡ǲġ
׼ôˣ̵ı춼𣿡
Ѿ׼׵
šһͷаհϵȵ𣿡
ҾֲǴڴϣдôȵ
ǾͿˣСĵϣҪ̫ǲʱ䡱
֪ˡȻٻһˣֳ˳ȥ޲ʹٲԸԼ廹δָ֮ǰǲжֻƽĵˣԼȫԸĵܵ
˾ŴŵĶ࣬һһһһ׻ϴ˶ѣ˱ϱϲߣĽĽɽׯԭĽɽׯĶĶǿɲмߡ
һ뿪ĽɽׯⱲǶŻ
ôһ죬˿Ľݺ³
Ҫؼ𣿡ֻ۶˱ںʣСһþûгԶˣҲٳţԣһгŵĻ͸˷ܣϾǸӣһģġ
ڻؼңڶȥòã

Ȼð
úúáһļ߸ߣСС˶жˣڶҪȥ棬ڶҪȥŶ
Ľɽׯǰƥͼˡ͵ĽݺһҺĽɽׯʳ͡
ĽݺʹٲԸҲҪǿЦգ˾źͳ޲ļƻۿžҪˡ
췲Ÿսܸͬ˴췲ܣǾԲŹϼҵġ
ɡϵ׳ͷˣˡ
˻һһֻۣͬȭͣ
Щ˼⡣


2  111 

һУȷǰûвɵʿʶĸţǲŴֵ
ȴϣ⼸Сȥͣһִ̫ҺæµûлúõСദദ
˾֮ܵλΪǰһ֪еĲף˵˾ŵӵȷҪȥĥһĥ򣬶ʱ֮޷츣ǵˣΪΪѡ
ѧǿɳưһֻ书ױ˳Խ
Ҫ棬Ҫֶķڷָ֣Ӷʹͬһ¶Բ֮¡
Ĳһ𣿾͵Ľݺ⵽ȥסһˣ޲Ҳ԰ĵˡԲ˵ȥĿˡ
ǰֵܣֵܣ֮ǻδȥǰȥһʢ
˵ֵܵĲ飬ҪúõľӦûеطȸʡ
ֵʮڽмɵֳԸΪԾܵӽΪһЩ
޲ڴлλʢ飬ֻ޲Щʱգһ޲֮УҸ򲻵ѵԭسңڣҶӦ÷ǳ޲״޲Ц꿪ʼü˲ʡģʱʱ̵̿ģΪ
˵˹ⲻȥ
ĿǰΪֹȴ޷Ӹı䡣
ǸТѵĺӡϵ˵ͷһ룬ûǿȻˣǾͷֵɣǰЩأתȥ¾Ͳˡ
ǡ
һתͷ˾ţ˼أҪҪסЩӣ
á붼룬˾ֱӾܾ
ŶϴüΪΣȿɲĽɽׯ㶼ĽɽׯסôʱգദֻסøӿĲǡ
Ҫ
Ĳǿǡ
Ҫ˾ŵ̬ȼᶨĺܣֲơĺԥһŵ̲סһ亹
ǰǰǺأô˼˵ǴĲ
Ÿ硪
һۣ˾ŻҡҡͷͷЦ˾˵ҲȫȻ顣
Լ޶ĺܣҲǼˣƽصľˡ
ɲ޴⡣
Цգϱȭôʹ˸߱޲Ժ飬ϷϷһ˵֣Ϸڣƣһġ΢΢һ٣ҲҪȣ˾ͰմȾ鷳飬Դ׵ġ
ֻҪ֪¹ŮǶȻܵ׵ġ
ԭ
Ľɽׯڣ;õĺˣ˼ֵطûдڵıҪˡĽݺҲûĽɽׯκһ˶ʡ¶
⣬齻СԸ
Ҳǡ
Ҫ뿪ǵߡ
һ㣬Ѹߣ˭֪Σ˸ߵ·߹һأҲѹûмˡ
...............................................................................
˵˾ŲòӵԸͶһͬų޲ȻسңпܵĻǻҪĿɽơ
ҪϲĿɽĻ˵ҲؾȣֱסĿɽˡ
һᡣ
ûѪ˿ϵвҪĽݺʹʱֿԽȷ£һпôãһ㣬ģ΢棬˲һ
޲ռһ˱ںһ֮ǰͬһģ˷ֵ֮ʱȴĳøᡣ
޲ʵźıϣĳҲŬԼеͣݵƽء
һĸøлǻ֪ʲôʱܺһʿ
ȷǸøл򴽣ûͻȻ֣Ľɽׯᶪô췲ɫÿһΣҪ췲᲻Ľݺָ˵֡
ߵ̫硣
һлδ췲úúõģĽݺҲңء
𡪡޲֣̽ңڲ˳ĽС췲£ʱȱ˺𣿡ۣųһζע˭ҲĲ˵ġ
һ
㻹ǲԸ˵𣿡
˵ʲô
Ҫصʲôʱ򣿡
ҡ

Ҳǲ˵˵֮һж޷˳ȻҲ᲻ͬôܵҲκε塱޲ԼƽӣЦһֱȥȵһ죬Ȼ޷ŵһ죬һߵͷ֮ǰ֪ġʱ򣬾˵Ҳµġ
Բʲô¡
̬ȼü޲˼ʱ䣬ʹһǣʹڶôͲȥʵΣԼڣҲ֪Щʲô
................................................................................
ǵͻȻûκ֪ᣬóϲ־Ϊʱ֮ڣǲصҵģ˭֪ȫˣϲ֮࣬Īڳ
Ƿƽ˷ѣû˳޲ڣȻһ˳ƽ޲н
ߣ볤ĶͷˣҵĶ⾺ó˲⣬ͬĶ˿ȻѡƽһЩң˵ҵҲǣеĹ˿ȥˡ
һٻʡ
رǾӪʳģǰάֲ˼գʳı仵ʧ
ҵôʧֻҺԶϳңҪȵǻŪףڣҲŪˡ
ԭ޲£ҲǸĵڰ췲װ£ôԣϹҲ֪ôһˡ
޲ͻطһ·ҲˣĴССȻżܣƿˣ޲ȫ֮ǰ˭ҲððȻĽȥ
һ·ĳ˵
췲ֲܺĽݺϵΪŮװҲǵģӦͿˣﲻ㡱ﳹߺҡͷ˭֪ĻŸճڣ㱻һһۺݵɡ
ʶʼ磬ðɣһждɣòҪ׷ʣô׷ҲʲȻġ
Ҳ˵Ҳ˵˵˰ɣˣôҲһˣ
͵ģҲûбҪĽݼĽݺá
ԭô¡Ƶͷ˾ŷѾȥϢˣᣬһ̸ºҪ⣬˾ҲãȻ˷ϵĶѽ⣬Ӧòλβǣӣ÷ؾȡһû֪ôȥȥҲ֪ôصĵط
˷ȥһɩĿɽ֮ĻĻ˵Ŀɽҽ͡
ҲáԺҪɾˣȻһкӡ
ˣǼҴδⳡ̡췲ҰģĽɽׯרעĶԸǣ̳ϣȴԳҵⲻء
һǳ䲻ȣȴҲССֻҪûʧһе𡱡Ǯǵ£ҿɲѧҲ۴
࣬ķӰɡ
һиĶҵ췲һҪɩߴڴɩ뿪ĽݼңƤ£ҲΨ̳϶ԸұƵôӲùҵӶù
žһΰѣҵ˲һĵȫǲèˣԭ޲ĽݼңΪ޲İһһգȻΣⲽҲˣңţӴʱ˿̿ʼֻҪҵ⣬һ⣬ȥôôǸˣҪǵҪǲĿ춥족صĺһƻôͣô
İѳҵ̼ͨˡ
ûó汾ɲǾûб¡
áﳹЦ֣仰Ҳ֪ҾˣᵹãڵȵҲǵλú˵û£ǺܿܰġﳹֿʼûûСĸ׹ˡ
ûĳ֣˳һöۡ
ͷİɣ˵öݣǿԵġ֮ܵ£ԵùݵⰡ
˳ҵ
İɡֵһۣͬʱһЦ൱ţô󣬻ǵһο˷һڴ


2  112 

Һͳﳹ˾ȻӣĶлǾĶȥȣʱ򣬲Ÿշ糾͵ĸϻسңһϢûվȵֵϳԵĲһǱ·ȥ
رĵȷ񣬲ֵܵҲĺܣЩȻʧ˲٣Ҳûռʲôˡ
Ǳ˵صϰգһЩȴֻҪǮĶˡ
Ƿ˺ݣ´ʵĽǮ
κΡ
ʱһǵûյЧڵðǰһµʱ䣬ڸı⣬ȻУǾͰ
λڽٴĻбһѻո⣬ҺûˣֻʧЩúݵңǰԼĺĸҲһѹˡ
ȥٴһ׮¡ı飬ֶ֣βУġĪΪҾͲġ
֪ˡﳹͷһǰζ
ԽԽ޷ˣҵĵһ򶼿֣֮һı޹˻˻ЩܣҪˣʣǻġ
Ҫһ㣬ı£ԲܷŹУ硪ƿֵܣ˵Ľɽׯһ췲ǲǻĽɽׯڣԷ뿪Ľɽׯְ޲֡
һȥͷ
һȥû˶ͣʲô£ȥʲô
ٰ볤һִʱգҲûпţҵһһȻųһңȴҲ಻ٵӰ̼ң˶ҵİȨκһ˼ƶ̣㣬Щ̼ҽӴһ壬һʩ
һ֮ٴҲ˺

޲ѾԼ´ȻԲҵ˶ĲҲ̫٣ڻǸͨˡ
ֻҪͨ˾ˣɲһֱˡ
˵Ĳ飬ٺҲòȥֵûصǰûʲôӣϲŭ󱯴󰧵ģⱲӣǽˡ
ƽľĿꡣ
ΪԸСΨǴӡ
մԸͥԺʱȴòҺͳƽĿҲڿ졣
ҵķΧʲô
һʣǺЦžͻιȥˣ֪ǳƵĶӣ׵һ˼͸Ͳǳ޲ˡ
Һͳ𣿡
Ҳˡ
ˣˣīŨü΢΢һʱǿһֱŸջֳȥˣҵôæ𣿡
ֻĻȻûôæ˹鷳͹ǱˡһĶãŻﻹæͣĵҩв㣬ڻصҪʲôܷ㣬ҪʲôֻҪػһʱ䣬ܻصõҩģûУҲϵȥһ
֮ǰ˾źһĿɽͳҲİһǶĻϲˣ̫ƧҲ̫֣ңɽϻãȻڶһЩȴСӣ浽һ顣
ֻ;Ÿ磬ĶҪ
˱ڶ֮òΪӿǵӻСܾԼߣǻ᳤һ죬ڶһֱסھȿô졣
˾޶ĿɽҾ᲻ԶĵطһأʼݣٹãǾͿסȥˡ
鷳üͷøˣǰվ࣬С𣬵˭ҳҵ鷳
ѾһĨӰ
Ʋͷһۣûгش𣬲Ѿó޲˽˻˭ˡ
췲
ҲƴƴҲˣŰŻͳҲù
췲ҧżеҷѡһ㣬ʼδģһֱΪ췲ͷβԵֻһ˶ѡ
Ͼɷ򣬳˲ǡ
֮ʱټһζҶҩɫ̱ɵɫޱļЩҩˮȥȵЩٽݺݵˤζǲĺܺܡ
췲Բġ
Ҳûġ͸ıӣ˻Σͷҩ֭Խ죬޲ֻһۣͷƤһ顣
򴽣ˣʲôҩҪһҪʱǰԣҩǵķ㷿кصζҲҵģһ㶼ͬ顣
û֡ͷɫҩԺܺãҪҪԣ
ԣ
ˡ
һë
ʲôģ
ܣǶ۾˵Ҳ֫ȫûһõģ˰ʱ֮ͳ׵ıһˡ
ʲôˣ޲ľ
һˡ
ûңֻķˡ
................................................................................
ٴδҵ̺ţһϷһǾ׸ҵٴٹ޷ȫ˵Ǳ֣ҲҪڴ̺ţǵľٶ
ﳹһУʱرٴе⣬ԭȵĻԸİŵ̺£ûԸֱӶ෢Щı·
һ֮޼Ѱﳹֻлص븸ϣһҾӲ¡
ֵҹ󣬺𣬻ƼͣŵŨҵľζƹҪѾãҺֵҹٶȿ죬˳ͳܵ˾ȻңˮԴֻǰҵ̵һЩպڣĵûд󰭡
ﳹȥʱ۾ǺںһƬ棬ҲƲıΪΡ
ԭٴӪؾһգյ˲ٵĻ͵˲ٵıԺҪزҪϱȥˡ
ٴԭֻгһڣǮǶ򲻵
ûпŻ˳ʲô𣿡
Уʱû̫ע⣬·֮ʱѾҲˡ
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2  113 

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2  114 

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2  115 

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ģ㰮ԵġһӡȻᣬ˾ţ磬Ƿ»бڶֵ޲ɣûһӣһڳصǰ
壬ʺϳԴ̼ʳԵģҲֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀۣȴ¿ꡣ


2  116 

˾ϣ̽ӲδʵĿɽһһ棬췲֪˶ĿɽһǨȴ֪ĿɽϵȺ֪Ĵ㣬Ѿ׼Ⱦš
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罭֯߼Ҫ˳޲˾췲ûκεĺ֮ǡ
ʱһչӹƺ̫ƽһЩ˲ЩģⱩǰǷ̫Щ
ıԳܡ
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2  117 

ȫû
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2  118 

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2  119 

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2  120 

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бҪĵΪ췲׼׼Ѫ˿ϵζ˵췲ϲҲһ
Ķ˳ˮҩʱĽݺˣ֪ʲôҪĪĶ¶ǣС
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һᣬ޲ˡ
Щ֮⣬һ仯ҲûС
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һ㣬ͱƭˡ


2  121 

ı仯һ˲֮䣬ֻǻһƤߣƵıٶȶ˳һԺӺĵĳ
Ľݺĳ޲ļ磬ţָĻҲ֮ǰӲʶˣҽˡ
УǺŻ
޲ЦףлȻҪлģ𣬾ûг޲ˣ˭֪ʲôʱСͱˡ
ԸģǱ꣬һּġ
Щ죬ʲôҲܣʲôҲרĵ壬䲻죬ȴҲ˵Լ
ǰ𡱡Žޣֻϧ޸Ͳ
ʱһ˵˷ϵĲҲκˣ˾Ǳƭ
Ѫ˿ǲܱġ
Ľׯ֪ˡ𵭵ɨһۣʣԼı˾͸ĬĬȥ»˭ɫʸһ֪֮ܽ˷ϵĶˣҲʡ鷳Ľׯ޽ҩ¡׸顣
ղɵ˶֪ô
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ûҵ㻹һûûСøлҵ

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ˣҲҪġ
һĽݾãĽɽׯʳͣҲ˻ңڣûôõ¡
УҲǵͷϡ


2  122 

澳УϣܹŤתƵ֡
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˭ŵѵÿͬʱı飬Ϊʲô˾ȥ׷׷Ҳ
ع񣬳ҡҡͷδ뵽ˣĵĹʱߣǻʲô˵Ϊ˾췲ģֻΪǶ
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ԼɷʵϣԸɷǱģֻµ飬ò˶һЩ
漰ԷҲһЩοʶ֮ΣǶЩ˽⡣
ףı顣

Ÿ磬˺ˣĽݺҲܲˡܵ˺Ҳܲ˽죬Ľɽׯûء
Сӡָ飬ʲŵࡣô˵ҲѲ˸ϵɣͦеģȰҵĽݺͽ
Ҫ˾ǰҲĽݺҵģ˭Ҳ׼ĽݺҲϣˡ
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ˡһѾ˵ʳԺ󲻹ʲô򣬶ʲô
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޲ܽˣЦҲҪĴ򡱡ĵõĴҵߣʲôµءûʲôõĵ˲
챣һһֱߡ
Ҫ챣ӣ㱾ߡһĽĽС뻳УȻ󣬰Եסһһֱ㣬ߵ̫ԶһֻҪ£Ϳҡ
һ˸˵Ļ
㰮ôôɡۣ֣ˣҪ˯ˣ㻹𣿡
˵ʵһ㶼ۡ
һ쵽ҲûбϢ˯õϢϢˣʵûʲô˯⡣

ðɣ
һ磬ʱ޲ҲˣҲϰÿ峿𶼻˽״
Լ˽塣
ڵأͻأʵ
޲΢΢һֶȷȥ֮ǰἰǰһ硣
һ˫ĿȻۣ⡪
ֲˡ
֪ڵʲô˵Ͳ˵ͳĵʲôаŵ书
޲ЦҡͷҲ֪֮ǰķԣ˵˵ͣǿɲֻ鴫ѡ
ʵĲʵģ
Ĳ߻ħˡ
˵Ҳǡ޲µĵ˵ͷҪܵȥˡڣܵͷңȥˡ
ͲǿĲϣҲǳʹ󿴻ۣŴǸԴ²ˣڣĲ⡣
................................................................................
˿۹ĺܡʹˣһһ
Ů´飬ҲϢϢ䲻ȵһۡ
ͷԵĽۡ
˵ǿɣδ̫ǿɣ˵ʲô˼
ʾ޲Լʱȷͦģ⻰ҲĲǺףҪǣ˵˼ɲǳ˿Դĥġ
аʾ𣿡һۣôûпӾ˵ԣôǲ书ġɲԼ˵磬޲Ƕֶѵĺܡ
ڣ壬Ҳȷʵˡ
޲ɤ˲ûϵĻѧ书ʱֻ书ܸѡ
㻹ѧˡȻͷҪĻҲͰˣƫóɲɵʱһػɢԣŸоͣҲĲ䣬ò࣬ṦᰵĶһɵģͲѧķӡҪѧһзӡ֤ٶŮɷǡ
ϧϧ
ôõǲҪʧˡ
ʱԼɫͽˡ
پʱ򣬾ͿΪã򣬰ѧˡ
ڣ᲻ɸɣĵͻȻðŪĳѾô塣
롱ҡͷǵףƽû֪Ҫأˣ˶ˡ

⹴ʵЩա
ǳԼġ޲ЩߣʱҲ꣬ǸʲôС޶ѡ
Ҳ󡱡ѵһ񣬡ʱٻָһЩ˵á
ã޲ǴôֻҪͻȻðѩϼ˪͸ǧлˡ
Ҿ
ʲôɲôܵĻش𣬡úúõĹţҪʧСĲˣܱסĲ⸱Ƥ١
ǡ
쿪ʼÿջʱΪϢҿɲҵŮ뱲ӲûйϵҪǿסǿɾʹйϵһӶ˵ˣȥˣǿɲС
лл޲жģԣҲͬôֻôҲ벻˻һ޲õʧġ
ǿտ˵׻ǿɲУеÿͷԣǵñӾС
ˣȴôһ£װ׵ľ棬Ҫǳ޲ĸӣһĳ˵ȡ
գ˾ݹ㷢ίɲٽŵһ¡Ϊ˾ţ
ڽϲټȫ޵£֮·ȻʿĹע
޳˵һͻֵԼԹעҲ֪˺ĵ˭Ҳû½ߡ
Ϊ˲Ҫɣһңô˭ԻֵĹУ޷ġ
õϢĽݺ췲ĽѾصĽɽׯ֮췲Ľصҡ
֮ǰ£Ͽʲôۼ
ȴల£һܾʹưոݡ
Ⱥŵˣþδ
ûȴҲֻһΣһֱûӰӶţ޸еĲǸµٸѡ
ȻѾͲֻһǸ֮ˣȻȫ׼Ż֡
ᣬ˵ĸ۲ǣĲǡ
ºһûţҾᣬϣûпͷĳνûнβȴҲ֪˭дģʲôдġ
۵֮ʱ˵ÿһһ䣬ôʱ޿̲࣬һҲŪˣٶ֮꣬Լ
ôľģмԡ
֪Ϊ˵סصģ̾Ϣ
ۿţͿˡ
Ѿ׼һУǴƴһǴȥ
ֻ󣬾ͿԾȻ飿
ִŶ֣


2  123 

ЦЦκΡǲܶԸ׵֮
еĹעһһȻֻ֪ĿɽĽݺŮ췲˲þȣԭ͸Ŀɽ˾ŵлжӦõġ
ʲôˡ
ĽݺΪ췲Ҳȥ
Դ˸ײʶЦȻ֪һȣͷ֪ٶȳС
𾪵һһ֤һ£Ǵ㵥ƥ󣬸ĴĿɽȥϡùַţָ⡣
ĿɽͲǵ
һӾ͹ͷ۵ˡЦ䲻Ľ֣ĴȴҲò٣οڼʶıŮ֮󣬸̳ܽһŮǲ򵥵ȥġ
书Ϊķӡ
ʹ÷ӡֻ򣬷ӡһ֮⣬ûеڶ·ߡ
ǿʻΣЦðա
ʲôʧȥǲʧȥΨһˡ
Уԡ
ҪҪ
ǰ֣£ֻรˣ˭˭
................................................................................
һͼ
ȫɱ֣ҲһαһѲ£һ죬ǻṥġ
ʱаҲûá
˲ǴҲܣµаԶ൲ͨˣһϵģ˼һۿһн
Ϊβɱǡ˾鷳һνøɸɾҲʡǵڶ
ɱһһͲˣ˷ۣҲΣҪɱ˻ɱ֣ҲҪ̫දֽţ¾ܽ˰ƽֻ˭֪һ˲Ͷʯ·İˡ
ǣкͷĺߡ
ɱ֯ôأҲûԭģǵȷЩʵģֻҪ룬һá
ֻǡ
ôҲû뵽ķʽսʮ겻棬˰б仯ġ
ȥҪһһζɥ֮ʹ˺ޱ仯أĳ£ֻй֮޲ɡ
ֻҪһ뵽İа˿ˣĻһðδйɱӿ˵ǸʱĨԼģ˶һ𲻺ùɡ
ˣʱ߼ˡ
ѵҪһӣ˾ǲ
ΪǶǱ˶㡣
ʲô㡱һӱ͸һˣڴ˾ʹˣڵˣ֮ǰֺǺǵĶھȰҲҲһЩľ
ˡȥˣһյһû꣬˵ʵʵģҲųˣ¶ҪǲҲǸӡ٣еĿɲֹ˾ź˶ѡ
ģģڲ¡ŴƱ
¡
Ĳûеָ˼ĲˣұΪһ£δ뵽ҲһǣˡһգͻȻ֣һֱ뷨ˡ
˭֪ءһ̾Ϣ˵ʱıˣдѵʱ׽Բء
󷨱ƣҲסκˡ
µҩãеĶҩҲ޷㵽ԷʱŻĿǰΪֹԸǵʲô⡣
ѾڣԷ֪ʱԣǵʱʱ̵̿ķš
첻֣ƫϵΡ
գǶûܺúõ˯һǰҹͷ쳳ѣһͷ˼ֲ֪ﵽȥˡ
գɽţ˭Ҳû˯⣬ССεͷţЪϢƬҲãȺ鷳Ҳãʱûȥ˯
һЩʼˡ
Ƕȥ˯ɣҹİҶкùӳԵġ
ҲáĴȽȥϢˡ˳޲һۣȥ˯ɣҺ͵
ǡ
޲˵仰״Ŀǰ߱˵ֻʸԣֻõͷתݡ
ҲȥҹҹֲһҪģеһ˾ˣϣֵ˾š
Ǻá˾δڣȳ˳ɷ䣬Ÿ磬ȻȥȺúЪţҹΨҲ;Ÿˣûб˿ѡ
һɱһ˾һۣת˵
ģֻڵʱŻˣ˿ܲСǲҪѡʱƱˣҪɱÿһҪĲܼһĻģǺĶֵġ
ģŷǷģ𣬵ĮĲ˼ȾѪҲһҲȾһ㡣
һʮٸϣûʲô仯ġ
ҹ¶ء
ʼЩˣɽҹҪЩ˼ѽףɡҹˣھУٽ㡱
ɵѾͷ㻹ĵͷһҹҲҪ˯ȥˣġָָԼ˫ĺܣжٳҲ١
ȷ١
һ磬˺Щҩʣܹаˣȫһδ٣Ҳ˯ü죬;κ쳳ǡ
һգֶ˰˸˾ָǲ
һգǰ˸գ𻹻˺Щҩˮ˵Ҳǰ취ﻹкأ磬ºͱڶţҲˡ
ǰʮɱ֣ҲЩ˰ɡ
һΣҹյģٸЦԴʮҾǰ
ڸ֮ǰҪȻһ󵽵͵ʲô̶ȡ
һߵЦ⣬ȴûȾ˫еһƬ䣬Ǵڼ侲״صǰһС
ЦĿɨ˾ţᣬǳ޲ͳĵϣڳˣȫİҲ㲻϶Ϥˡ
ЦʵҲ֪Цĳģӿ̳ģЦıӺǶѹ飬˫ֻۣĲͬ˵ĸоǴĲͬ
û
⼸˵ģôأҪǰͿǽȥˡ
ǶһЩ֮ˡڵϹģû֪Լܼ̫ܲ׼ʱǶԣû̫壬Щˣ֪Ϊʲô
ΪԼûĿĵĶһ죿
ǻúá
Ȼ֪ԼǱ֮˻úõϧۣǰ꾭ˣģ
ȻǡЦЦʼ磬Ҫҵ㲻޹ôˣҵǸӲɣӲҪһϣļҵĶԹһʱ᲻˵Ƹծӳͬծ֣ΪСȲ֪ǰֽС
˵ֽĿˡ
ҲСȥǹʽĶӡûü˵ʲôЦȶˡ
üͷһ壬Сӣô춯֣ǻлҪ˵
ûʲô˵ġЦȻ²ߣֵģµģѾҵ˵ļе£ҵҲΪҵĹϵбƽ顣
ôӹִҲôִμˣ˵Ҳûǲǡ
ƲˡȻһ٣ЦеЦ⣬ó汾
ġ
ǹ֮ӣûɺ㶯֡ҪһиʲộǾ͸˵ˣʱɾˣĶԲҪˣȵھͲȥȾ֡
Ʋҡ
ƲƵԼ˵㣬ֵõˡء
ȻˡأЦתƶֱӳ˹ȥ˭ҲûϵһǰҲ΢һ¡
һ£Цóѡ
УѨʧɡҴˣ׷ҿɲ֤ȫ


2  124 

ô
ŮֻҪǵҲɲʱ򣬵ôô
ǵ֮£͸߹㣬׼֣ΪʲôҪ֡
ĶӣѵΪҿĿŵȥն޶𣿡ôõ
ֲѪ֮ˡ
ð¡ǲΪѴ⣬ǲʱ䶯Ц˰ɣ޹ءִ£С޹ء
ʹܾ͹ˣҪöҲһܡЦûдҲûдʣ۽ΣκεǷһ
йأҲˡˣ̸ףȥɣôδ漰¾ͽ죬һõʧġôһҲãܶԷ˭
֡ǲ֪֮ŸððȻİŮ
ҲùȫŮİΣ
Ц˵Ļ㲻𣿡
˵ĻС󣬵Ψһˣʲô£֪Ϊ롣
Ψ£Ҫô
ˡ
ЦҡͷҪʲô¶ԣΨ²УٷҲ١ڣͷһǿʢƣôܾʹ׵Ķ
㲻ţɵԼ֡
һЦǰٿڳ˯е𣬡ܷţһηһξͲлᡱֵµˣ޹ô࣬ɲȫȻûаֵ
ɫһڶӵĹִһ棬Ц˵ţͷţҪʲô£ס㣬ֻ󣬲ˣҲãҲãһϵûУ޹ܲҲᰲĵġ
Цҧÿһε˵£㲻˵ʲôļҸӵš
Ц֪ˣЦ̰ͻȥǡ
...............................................................................
ǰ󲻹Ǽʱ£ЦٶվĿɽ£˾˿Цá׵ôġ
ǲֶεģֻҪﵽĿıɡ
ȴƺ롣
ЦԵſɽŵϣ㿪Ѩ֮󣬱ת뿪һˣǰˡ
ǰŸߣ㱻˾űɽϣ֪ĸЦһֱǵ֮ء
Ϊǰ£뿪ܲĿɽѰ˸ʱŵ㣬ֻ׵֮ٻصǸûصĵطȥ
һƣѾȾ룬ȴް⡣
žƺ֣ȴһƺܲס鿪еľϣºϡ
ЦһڵҰɡҲֻǣ뿪һ̣Ѿһˡ
ֻܿǿ˻ţҪεġ
ͷ죬ע⣬ȴδͷЦ㽫ͻȥˣ
Ųȴˡ
ͷеۣӭĹߣ۵ȴԸ⿴ˡеۣȻйɫ䡣
ôֱֱ̽ȴƲӰ
Ĵ磬Ϊ˽һ£ô꣬Ҳи˵
˵ߣ˵ˣҲˣһʲô˵

֮ı飬˵ʲôҲˡʱ˵һλ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ
ǲţ˵ס
ʱǵѣ˭Ҳӱܡ
ꡪûκ󽫵飬һһʮ˵ɫȴԽԽ£󣬸޷ֱӣ˫ۼһڸҧս˫ȭµŭ⣬޷ֱӡ
󡪡

ô꣬㾡ȻŹĿԭһ֮飬δ뵽ؾխʮȥǽһжƸ޶֢𣿸㣬ܡ˻ǹһС
š
ǵţӡ
˵ʵɩֻΪļºˡ
ΪºˣͿԼ˵õģһһԲʳԡǵһһ˵ĶݣΪЦһ뿪Ը޷ɡ
磬ɩһôˣʱѾźӣôҲԼĺ¡
Σ㵱ڿң£úõĻһһأ˵еĻȴûãˣԶԶ뿪ң󣬿һô㣬ҰеζϣʲôʲôŭˣѾʧȥǣʧȥƽյ侲˫еʢŭȼյĻҪΪҽҲ㣬㡪Ȼμٹ
йԷš
ˣһֱӣ˵ͷͥԺûаֵͣĴ㡣
죬ҪΪʳԸۡ
磬Ϊʲôô꣬ǿ

ǣȷǿ
Ҫÿ
ôأʧȥҵˣҪԿô
Ǳ磬ġҲΪɩҪŻôһζ϶ǶĴ޻˵
ǾͲҪ˵ֱӶ֡
硪ʹ޷ɩ飬Ὺĵġ֪ľһʹ࣬ڡ޷õѡ
Ͳģ޷ҵķӣʲôÿĵģֻҪɱ㣬һúõĸͻʱῴᰲģһֱô
˵ˣԽԽ衣һκһվҲûжĶ֣ϼǶĻĺܳ
ٿʵʵĶУô˭Ҳֶû˲еģǸһ㣬һ㡣
첻Ϊ֮þˡ
ʵȻ
Ϊһ׮ͲڵĳޣֵܣȴҪС
Ǽˣֲɱ˷ŻԼ»ĵŵʮ꣬ڸǲù׷ɱ
һҲˣ۵ľһ˭Ҳù
ظȥ

ִţǼ⡪һнһУ϶Ҳ㾡ԼֵܣΪˣҵΪˣĵΪˡ˼Ҷˣʲôÿġ
ˡ
˵ùûʣΪûκεĴ㣬һ棬ҲԸһ׼ͿԲ𣿽Σ벻𣿡
ס
컻㣬ѣô̹ȻԶԣͻһ𣿡
һ٣һ
û
ȷ޷޷ĸɫԻܡֻǣûʲôüġ
ʵʵ
ʵҲԲΪʵ
ˡ
Ͷ࣬Ҳٸʲô˵Ķ˵ˣҲãҲá˫һУɫһΣһΣҾԲղŵĽ֣Ҳ֪ôԲҵĶ֡
Ʋˣʦвͬһֱʤ
ߡ
ҲȥٺúһһдͷǹִΪĴôеˣкúõ̫ƽӲǵҪֵĲðһ˦һ㣬Ѿأת֮䣬ʧǰ
죬أٶȰ
ֱͦԭأͷ죬ãȻ˫֮Уȴ޾Ļ𻨡
...............................................................................
ҵЩ죬˶֪Ҫ˱ᣬжԶԶ֮ǰǧҪ
Ǳͻһѹ֪޲ΪͻȻ߽ȣŭģ˺ҾᣬĻȥˡ
ǰ׳ûгԼԼ֪Ϊж೤棿ѲõⱲӴûôɽûС𣿲Ծ˭鷳
Ѿˣŭġ
˵˷ôʱ;֮ԲУ
Ъⲻ޲ĴҲΪ̫ҵŻҪǣ˷ѿˮҲûã޲ڻ˯У˵ʲôʲôŶ

2  125 

ҲҪ
ҲΪϵſʹ죬һģʱǴ޽ҲѾȡ
Լҽţ֮ˣȥˣǿȥȺá
ѻյøոպãҪʣվ
ȥ֮ٶȻصŭҲ£й֮޲
һصңȲĿʼƿڴ
εĳģ˫ûһܵõƽģŮĽüɷ
һ죬£ֵ֮ǰһʱʮʱʮ꣬Ҳûô鷢˴ֲ
ˡò徲һˣӶ䶼˵ĽиͣҪ˵ʲôˣЪһЪЪţȥݺ˷ôˮҲòˡ
ãģڲǺȲʱ򡱡߹߹ȥͣŲĺǼˣ˵滰ҲûûǲǣȻҵ˸Ҳô꣬Ͳʲôֵ֮飬ֱ¶ˡ
ԣ

ʲôʱʼģ
Ĳĺһ裬ǸŮһ˵һĴ绹ǲԸ˵Ļʵ
ߡ
ҲܹңҲŵġ֪ģҲѡȥţǶԣ̫ˡ
಻£ҲˣҪ鷳ôɡ
Ҳ˵ˣˮͰɣĴһῴģôִֻ¹飬޷ͻˡ
Ҳ֪бҪԹԹܲ
ȲǸˡ֮£ǰûнأ޲Ĳڸˣ뷨ӣɲʲô̵ġ
ûڻһֵء
ûѣ
ûС
ô˵СӿûУǺ̹ȻĳԼҽһͲԸŮˡ
ƹˣû˵ʲôٶεֱҡͷˣҪ޲ûлԲֻҲûкùӳԡ鷢̫ͻȻ˭Ҳûϵġ
ɲǡ
һ˲񣬾ġ
һС¶ѣó޲ĲӾݣҲ˾ŰһΣʲôõĵģӣֵ÷һ˼
һ죬޲ûѹ
˲ģʼʩ룬ҿһҩһϵҩѰҩûģԼɽȥɣȥҡ
ֻ֮ǰĽɽׯʱ̫ҩûǰȫЩҩҪһʱҲҲ
ǰݺֵҩģûпʼ磬ῪԹʹˡ
Ҫôҩ
濴úõģжҪҩά֣һСľûˣ⻹ֻʱġֻ˵޲°뱲Ҳ޷ҩˣⱲӳҩóԵײĵһС
ȥҩ
ǰ˯죬޲ԺطʹԴʱһ㣬һһĳʹɫӵĲҰס
ʹ
Ҷ
񡪡𡱡еۣϤ˶޲Ҳ˲ãʲŵĽѹûĶԴٵҪʹ
ͳһ˫ĿԲɣһ᲻
졪
ôˡ
˻𣿡
Ȼö
ֻǡ
ڻǺҪȷվǰûбЦߣûзκεĲߣƽƽվǰ
£޲ȴ֣ӲǲϷţ£ɽյ֣ϣȷΡ
㡪û°ɡ
ʲô£Ǻúõվǰµ㡱ܲ˵ֱۣ˭ֻҪ˾Ƶó;ȲˡĿԲɣһٵĸ㣬׼ŭ׼ڼǻҪû𣿡
޲ЦУֻֻǸˣ˵ĵز޷Լ硣
޷İŮ˱ǿдߣ޶ԡ
ǻ粻Ҫ
𡪡һ̾ݳУұ֤һ˺𣿡
Ļһ£һα²´
²´
ţ޲ȻĿԵļһ㣬һ£Ҳûˣûеڴ¡
ҲѾû𣿡һʵСʵ顣Ը״˽ʮʮҲм֪ϤȷЩ
ʱģòꡱ
ꡪ
һΣ޲Ҳˡ
ô

ðɣɵϣı仯ˣ򣬲ܰоûУܵʲôҲûз
˴ָоϤˣӶ¿ʼУΣÿһΣΪԼһأһֱӲκš
ȴһһεĹһһε˴һһεϴֻүЦѣȴˡ
ȫǿʲôҲԺȫҪ˰æһôҲ
ÿ춼ʩ룬ʩѾûǰԡ
ϣѾʩ̫롣
ҩǣһֱҩά壬һСĳЩҩҲ͵ùԹԵĿүɫ˵ֵǮСʱͱˡ
òٴΪС޶˭Ǵˣ˵ĻǲòġĻа䲻С
޲ˣȰҩˡ
ҩݵǳġ

ڻæе룬泤޲Ӹιҩ
أ޲Щ⣬ΪСȴҪźʲôҪĸιҩʵǺա
ҩɽЩҩģҲ˼ζҩҪȥ壬ЩҪһ£Ⱥҩٹһᣬ͸ûطˡ
һԼˡ޲ԤɫЦҡͷ֪ʲô޲ҿϰ𽻸ǰһԼĺӣ㻽һ͸ðҵɲܸ⣬ڵ廹ţţúã֮ιҩﻹιء

ȷ޲˵ͷлл
ɵӡ
̾Ϣҡҡͷ
ʲôҪ룬Ҫģ뷨ӣİɣǸŮĲᣬ֢ĵġ
һ㣬޲


2  126 

һиᣬҲ򲻿ˡ
һ̬ٷЦ£УĽᣬǱԼֻ£Ҳ᲻
ЦҲʼļаɱ֣ĽɽׯΪһ֮оǣһĴծ
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һεײһ֮Цֱƣһοɲҹ
ǹ
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վ˭Ǳߣ˭ֱ׳ȻһļΪԼվһߣһߡ
֮ǰδ֮ǰôȷоЩϾļҸӶڹ
ڣһ˵壬ȴԾִԲ򣬷ƽ˷һ£ԭΪѾһУپµʹ֮У˭֪һж̫ˣִô꣬һһϦԷŵµġ
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ԷǹʽֵܵĶҲһ
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޹أֻҪԹԵšشϣ˵ſ´ΪҿһһεİԵӻ޿ˣҪһβúõϧԼ壬ҾͲٹı㣬Լѡ
ɲ߱ٵġ
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Ѿڴһ£ѾöˡľԼöˣϵĻǿ´ġ
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󡪡
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ۣ
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ģһëε£ǰ˵ڣҲ㲻ò
ȻˣǾ˺ҲûʲôýġҲмٽʲôȫʧǵĸӻʲô飬ʲô飬˵ɣһĿɽɽе徲Ϊĵʲô
ָһһ֣Цҧġ

ֵζۣʲôǹ˭ܸ˭ܻǻˣǾǹ
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ִ⣬Ϊ߲ò
˾Ŵ޶δݣֻԵĺЩطøǡҪʾ⣬ֻӻһۣ֪Է⡣
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˭
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ǵĿģȻ£ǲļͬĽɽׯ֮ˣ쵽ôˣ»»ȫյһ飬ǵøиֲ
ף³ȥˡˣµ״ãչ£ͷ֪ʲôʽ
ӣ鼫ޡ
ܽȻܳȥҪֱһͷĴͷɱصĵһıƽֻܴһһˣֱ˵ǽǣ޴ˡ
߲ƣ˾һ£Ǽ˰ɣڣɱڵİɡ
һĵֱϴ޲ǵôһ£ֻѪһӿһʺѪݳС
磬ҪǶ֣ҲˣǻǿߣҪǱǰͷ˷֣ǿɾ鷳ˡ
ߡǰֱӵµѨҪߡ
վס֪ΪΣһѪ˲٣һ죬ס֮ͽǡ
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ͷһԾһɣˤڵأ˫ֳȭȫ޲
ǰ󲻹ʮУ׳˶ĺӣֱһһɣ

2  127 

˭˭ɲһ˵˾ġνҪͲȵҲδóɡ
ССȴη˶Сһ´Ҫ˰ֱѪĲˣò׳ǱΪ֪İ˴ߣ˭֪û¾ͱ˼Ұƽڵأһʱ
ͳһͷж̶ͷֱݡ
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ĸĸŵŸţһֱͶĵĻлˣлˡ
ôһ£ǰֱ㳤޲Ѩɫң˫ĿȴǻͣݳѪû´ʲô²Ằһ𣿡ԽԽˡ
𡪡޲ס֣Ҿñȸղźöˡһɵô£ᣬֻ֪ûǰôʹˡ
ǻعⷵյԶˡ

һϣϱ齩ǡǻعⷵգһֲøղųô˳һ׳ֻһЩԭǻع⡪ա
Цȴȿ޻Ҫѿ
ľȻıɻشϣ˫Ŀͣʩ롣
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һҲģʮֵУǿɫôѿһΪԼʵѾˡ
ġ
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ĺЩӲϵ⣬ǴڷӲ˳޲Ϣ
ıʵ죬֪ŮĪĸ޲״ôʱҲǿһΣĶĻ𣬻֪ܲס
ɲЦ˵ǻعⷵգǾһǻعⷵա

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ʹʹɫһ˸ϳݣ
ͷ´ôˣ
ЦȥˡЦϵҲһصģҲеæˣǿڹʽķϣڵЦͲϻȪ·κˡ
Ը̸ߵδѵӣ⼸ôģǴ󵨵ĺܣ͸Ҵ˸ʱ
Ҫƽʱһúܲҡ
Ĵ粻ٻعͷԼ𣿡Щǡ
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һصĳˣתݺҩҩӡ
ʲôҲûʣֱϳҩȥˡ
壬޲û°ɡǺܺãĵŵģ֪Ͳðġ
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ǺûǲãʱˣΪʲôʱģǲʱпܻΣյʱ
ûа취԰κǰһǰĽɽׯʱһδ֮ǰһʱĳ޲ǽƽˣƽ˾ѾҸˣȴһ˵ĵز
˱ˮһҪǰһӾʮҲܣͣηˣѾ쳤ۣعⷵա
ڻûŪףԳ޲ôʵôģ׳ϢǱ뾫ᣬôͱƽˡ
Ѿǳ࣬ˡ
֪Ǹˣĵʲôаŵ书
ǡǿԽȥ𣿡
ԡڻ˯˰֪ҲûУǳ죬Ҳ
ȷ޲кʱû£ţΪ޲Ѿˡ
ϢڴϣҰ׵˿Ѫɫһܵ˻ҪһЩһ֪ˣѾ˻
һξ֪ѾȻˣǲţԻš
һֻĸо
Ȼ޷´٣˵Ц䡣Ҳᡪµȷ̫޳
𡪡

ȺȿˮЪһɡ

죬޲ûʲô£үôߵġ

ߵ˵ʲôһ㣬ʲôҲȥţҲ֪ʲôһֱų˯еĳ޲ֱţʲô뷨ֻǣ˭ȰҲûãˮԵ㶫Ҳ
ֱӹˣҲڻع

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ӶˣȻԡ
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ҡ
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ղǸͨˣҽٺãҲܾȱȫˡ
δԼεˣ£ĳһ
һΣľȲˡ
................................................................................
֪˯˶ãһô޲ѹΪԼҲѲˡ
ԿЦ÷ģԾҪˡ
Թġ
ˣٸٱ䣬Ҳķ췭ظĸı䡣
ţĵһޣǰҽ飬Ȥڣֻ۵ףźӰΪûкúϢ
𡪡죬ɣԼҪˡ޲ԼĺֻʣһˣǸ֮ȴǵõһ뿪
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һΣǰ˶еˣеҽ飬ǰûп֮ǰȽȫ¼顣
𣿡
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ҲҲã
֪ΪΣƤֱûʹȻǺõģǡôˣ
ȫĲʱֻҲɲˡ
ô
΢΢һҪһĨ΢Цŷ֣ЦһЦҲһѵ¡
ǿ
ҡж೤ʱ䣿
ҡҡͷ⣬ֻû˻شˣѾ˰ɡ


2  128 

ת֮䣬һ֮ˡ
һжʼδҲһԭΪһҲãֻҪܻţҪһͬһ𣬱ģҪ
¡
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Ϊи鷢޷˼һ棬޲Ҫصҡǣ㱻ͻصңͰѼаȫȫ˾Ÿ뱣֤뿪֮ͻ֮ǰʱ䣬û˻¡
ҽˣҲˣڣΨһٵľǿЧҩǲҵĻҩǲϵġ
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ģɩʲô¿ֱӷԸͳɣҪԼһˣߡҪϡ
ʵޣ˶˲赹ˮ֮⣬ı㲻ٶˡ
޷ͣ͡½ŲȴཻһҪȥĵطԶأٺãȴҲٻˡٻҲȥ׼ʱ׼ҩͿˡ
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ţҽȥ磬һǰŽﳹŸ˴ŵ֮⣬ûˣ޲üͷ΢΢һĵܵܣɩأһֱԺӦ֪ɩȥˡ
ȥˡ
ģ
û˵

ֵһۣһʱ֮䣬ԡɩعˣǻĲǺϰߣû˵ʲôʱ𣿡ʡ
˵ﳹһͷ˵ˣ족
졪ֳڴϣһʧصĴ𣬡ɩʲôҪҪȥôãڴô죿¿ȥ찡ҲﲻʲôæܽţҲǺġ
ֵܡ
Ķһˡ
ﳹҲεҡͷǰĳҵļ磬磬ɩôиԣɩҲûµܣȥҩˣĵ㣬ȵȰɣҲ죬˵֮תҲ˵
Ҳֻôˡ
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죬޲ܹΣÿһʵĶͬһ仰أ
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ɩԳȥҩˡ
ЩɣҲʵ벻õˣɩƽĵҲЩô˵һŵġ
ȷ
޲ˣֻҪһҽβڣôȷҪӵķġ
ֻǣÿһζڣûпˣЩΪÿһζôɣһѹͲء
أ
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ɩڳҩأһҩ͹ˡ
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ҩѾȹüˣȴһҲûм
ңȥˣǳٶ۵ˣˣҲܲĳһֱߣһεĲȷ൱أҽҲԸս֢Ŭҽβġ
ɲʧܡ

ȥˡ
ɩȥҩˣҩûУߵԶ˵㣬ɩ֮ǰ˵ˣ͵ģͻˡŬ˵š
޲ɬĴΪڱƣıۣûʲôʹȴһһۡ²Ҫҵġ

һ죬ֱҹûл峿շŵļңϲٱŰһôڣͷװŸָҩģЩسŵģͨҩģЩѹûмġ
ֻ
ҩҲδ̫ЩֻͨҪζҩͿҽεĲصĲõҲֻôζҩ
ҩõ̫࣬Ҳûаյʱ
ʱʵû˿ĵ
׵׵ټҩֱ޲֮ٲ鿴ûЧЧǲ⣬ÿһΣüͷ֪
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𣬱æˣȥҲһģҲΪĴǱҪǲ߶ģΪȴһ֪ˡ
ԲĿţԾɲ԰׵ʱ֮ڣȾѪɫⱲҲȾѪɫˡ
ɵͲض˵ˣʲôúϢͺá
һúġƣսСֻ֣ҪԼֲҩģҪɽܣԼˣҲúϢҺ𣿡
ãұκ㡱
ҵ״ˣѾβþͲҪ˷ʱ˺𣿡
Ѿ˷˺ܶʱϣΪλںһЩ㲻ںԼҪ˱ˡ

̾ϢĹִʱͷۡ
ҵԿ͸ҲԿ塪
һۣôԼʲôʱˣʲôʱ⸱ƤΣ˰ҪҪܿͶһٲ͵ˡٲȻ߱ˣңʱ򣬶һڳͻ᲻һˡ

ðɣϣûʲôͣտʼõԣԸȥһУֻΪиõĽ
ĳˣģ˵ôأҪһͬŬС޵ǰСԵˡ
̫⡪
ȷһƬֱ֮˻𣿡
ˣ
Ϊʲô
֪ӦѾ˰ɣѸߡţӦó˰ɣѾʧ˺ܶ궼û˼
Ȼģ˶Ϊ˰ɡ
ûк𣿡
С޲صĵͷ
˭ģһ
ҡһգգУˣȻ˲״书˼ҵ书ܸϸҲ˼ҵĴˣеһ
ûûû
˵һ㶼ûȴֱۣʱ򻹿Ц˼Ŷ˲𡱡޷˵ȴףû˵ͽܣߣҸȥ
Ҳ޲ѣϰ¶һɶ
ֻ֪ǻûϰ߰ˣЪˣ˵Ļˡ
޲ҡͷץ֣ǲԸſһ˯𣿡
ã˵̫ˡ

Ҽ䣬۾񣬲߰˷֣Լ˳˵ʲô˼ʲôȷڶﲻỵȾõ˵
ǡɡ΢ȵ죬޲Ǿˣ˵ü˳ڣΪƽʱһ˭֪ڱ˵ĶͲôһ¡
ãϢҲ̫ģҡ֣ǲϷţҪ߲ܰġ

û˵ʲôȴҲû֡
޲᲻˯ڲ֪Լܻõڣÿһ̶Ǽģʱ˷˯ϣҪ˯˯öû⣬û˻ᳳҲ
˵˯˯ˣһĹѾĲԸС
һᣬŷ֣յúܽѾûжеֵط
ҳ˲ͷһһΪˣ˵书죬ȴаţһˣʵеİԣ˲ûĴˣҲû˵ʲôˡ
£Ҳһ֮
ڻ֮ٵڣκһֿܣǶȥһԡ
ˣȻҲж겻Ź˵ϢǸصģڻţҲ족ϣһҡ
ڴˣû˵һҲûһһġܵõˣҲѰ˰ɣҪ𣿡
ҲȷԵĻҵˣٲȻҲҪҵ˵Ĵˡ
֪ˡصĵͷֻǣҲءˣɲôҵġ
ٲȻҲðѳ˵ܸ͸塱


2  129 

ͻؼҩģɼĶѰġ
ֻ;󣬲ѪԪȴǲѾܻ塣һγΪѰҩģҲûгȥ޲ִⲻ뿪߷Χ˯ţֻ۾ûȻ
벻ĽȻ޼ôǿпޣΪѡԼԸķء
ûи˵
ʱκθöӲȥһȥĻ;𼤶
ǻʣ޼ȫ˷Ѵ
Ҳˣʹ˾Ѿ򽭺ٻʹˣ˼˳Ҳһʶ
ĹˣĴˣû˵
Ψ֮оµܸǲܽķӣȻô˵ˣǲЧûд
ˣƷ£˲ֳܸһݣһһ⣬ԭ˾ţ书ĿõģֻϣԴʲôܰﴹˡ
Űڻ֮Уһһϣ
ǣĲࡣ
һ¹ȥ޲״ѾＫޣѾԲκζȥˮˮҲǾ¾һҲ
㲻Ѱҩټҩʩ֮⣬Ч
ˡԭͽ׳ѾݵƤˣҪԶάԶûûʹģʱһҲǻ˵ġ޲ˣԭΪǻתġ
תûг֣޵Ͼ͵ˡ
㻹š΢صüȵˣûоȲģȴΪһû֮ǰǲЭġ
ǰ
ţõֻۣϧܻŵʱ䲻ˡ
𡪡ĸϣæµٶ࣬ҲûõġʹٸߵҽҲǸˣ޷æˣһα˷ʱء
һ̧ݺһɣ˷ʱȻģǵ˷ѵʱ䣬޵ȥˣĻܻڡ

˵һ㶼ûˡ
ֻһκ֮ǰĶһ
ǿ󲻵áֻǲᣬԵݣòףҪŬôĮǲԸԸͻؾȥɣŵһ𡱡֪ϰ߳ҵӣΪĲҲôá
²Ҫġǿš
֪һЦʵЦʵϣ뿪ĵЦţĸлûܺúõչ㡱Ȼһֱչ
ڽ𣿡ݵ
Ȼǵġ
޲ȴûеͷֻǾĿźãЩʵڲҪٶ˵Ŵ羵һˡ
Թޡ
ǿƣǿˡ
ΪԼõѡ񣬵ͷȴĵ·ң߲УѾûѡĻˡ
һΣˣѡ˵·Լ֮ء
ӣˣйˡ
𡪡ݵָỬϿ᲻㡱ؿڣյģʲôûˡ

ĻˣҲоľÿ¡һ̣֪޸Уľʡ
Ҫ˵˵Ҳ׼
׼
õвҲԸ
ҾƣۣٶȱϣЩ٣סϵļѨλʹࡣ
ջص֣Щ޴롣
֪ΪΣһľʹҪ̫עʶһôµ¡
ὫһԶĴߣʲôҲٻ
ʧգҲʧ
................................................................................
˾ڼʱڣֻܸ֮󣬲û̫ĸд֮ⱾܸҲһܸͨ˵ͽĲ
Ϊһ˿ϣ˾˵ǰܸеȫһΣˣһһÿһһʽ
˴ʧû漣ܸ֡ٶȱ͵ĿɽֽС
һеİء
һԣɲȷ
첻ˡ
֪ⱲӴûһôعıŮԳ޲вҲŮɷɲľûУȻ֮ǰǼôϣţһ̣ǲ뿴Ҿᣬδкܳ·Ҫߡ
Ҵأûڼ϶ãȥء
ɩˡﳹɫЩ֡
š
˴ţͥ˳ңɩˡı飬ֵֹģŲˡ
һˣľֹ
Ÿ̤ǵԺ䣬ӭǳƣĹ
δڣȴһԥΪѣȻһۣƲյķţˣ

𰡣ɻˣġ

˰죬֣һԣлҪ˵
˵ء
һԥ
ǲǳ޲ˡı͹ľֹҲֻ¡
Ǹ޲йءصĵ˵ͷ㲻Ҫ̫޲ġͳһţ˺Ȼּڳ޲ģѾ޷ʣ𲢲ΪһŻǳ޲д
ʲô
㻹Լɡת۲Ϊ̧ͷ죬̾Ϣúõļңúõӣôˡ
ûʣŷ⣬һдּֽţȷǳ޲ּңͷֺȻС
顪
ⲢһţֻǼŷװŵ顣Ȼд
ͷдŵǶимĻ볤ҵĵһ쿪ʼһֱΪֹ
飬顣
˴˼Ȣ⣬ƣһ䡣
أĬĬģףСȴǰ޷ˡ
ת𡪡һ̾Ϣ޲ģؼҵڼ䣬Ѿ
Ѿôˣ˵ƫҪʸס
Ѿˡ׷ͺڷˣǺεȵĳ࣬Ѱܵ˵ġ޲һֱô۰ĺӣһ̫Ĳۣһδƽһ𣬲ŸչϺӣӭӶǸأ޷ܵĴ
˵˼

еġ
ĻҲѡڵʱ㶨ˣԵŻؼһ˵ġ
أҪȥ
壿
ֶͲˡ
޲֮ǰֻҪһ𻯣˿ªһ棬ԣѾˡ
ճɻҽûˣҲûˡ
ǡ
һ˲䣬ԺһƬհףĳһ˿ڣʲôˣˣһûм壬Ҳ
ǸԹˣǸһÿһ˵޴ˣʧˡ
ȻѾˣΪʲôҪд飿ľȻڣۣϵ飬Ƕһ𣿡
޲˼ΪĲŻὫߣڳѲڣѾˣҲҪߣҲҪڳҡصһ̾ϢԶǳҵһӣԶǵĺöϱ޲ĺӣֻǣδҪԼ޲ֻϣԹøá
벻òҪһҰšϬƾʲôİҵɳҵһӣɳ޲ӣôˣҲҿһۡʲô
һ顣
Ц
˶˻Ҫʲô
񡪡𡪡ЩȻѹûϵһĮµĶϱķӦתߣصҾᣬһӶϳˣ޲һҲôġ
ǾӦɵɵһжģ޲ˣҲԥķ塱
ҵˣ̫޲̫Ҫ󡪡ᣬǸҲͬļˣ֪ôļ˸ĸѹԣǾԲҪ
񡪡𡪡Ǽٶ棬ֳ棬Ҳ֪ҪôӦˡ
ûȥˣˣϾͲ飬رע
񡪡޲ˣҲ֪ģֻ·һˣûԸֻǣүʡʲô취
ܸѾҵ𣿡ȻһֱԼˡ
Ȼǣ˵ԶǳҵˣԶǵĺöϱ
Ǿ͸ҡ
˵ĶʵΪʲôǲţһУġ

2  130 

ʲô˵ֻǶóĵ￪ʼë죬һˣܻҲˣŸոʧȥ˶ӣڣȴҪԶϱϱӵʲô
ðɣȻţҲûзӣ޲ˡôҲвѣʧ֮ʹ˭ԳܣҲѾڳңյˣ˴ˡ
˴ˣ
һʲôã
˵Ļ
˭
һͷͷëǺӣ壬֪Ǹʲôˣֱ˭Ҳסֱ޲ķ꣬ʱ޲Ѿ첻ˣҧӲֻ̣ϣܿһ涼šǶ޲˵Ƕ̵¡
֮޲Ǳɹġ
Ҹϻˡû⣬һ档
ǰϻˡƵͷЩֻǣ޲ѾˣǸͷ˵ԼǳģҪ޲ߵġ
ˣ
š
֮ǰ޲Ѿһ˿д飬ֻǲڳңĲˡ£Ӳţȴ޷̵󣬡ǿѾˣǡ֪ߵͷôܺݵģߡҽ޲״޲ߣοǳˣǳͣڵ꣬κ޲ϵ˲ͺοٴ£ңô꣬ǲ˭ȷء
ǻһİ˰ߣ𲻸ŵĵۣǵʲô˵һ˱ȣʧȥǵ
һҲͰˣѵһȺ˶
ʱܸӡ
˵ȥʲôʱأҪȥȥң
ûУûС
ҪȥңûʱȻȥңҵҲǸ˰ˡ޲Ըߵģûסʱ˭أ˭˵ΥĻء
Ϊ˸Ҳ˵
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𣬳ޣӴ볤κιϸ۳޲ֻѾ˵ĸеˣҪˡ
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˲޸ɣӽ볤Ҳûаϵ
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ƲһɶôƲһɶͲǸŲˡ
𣬶ǵĴ㲻˺òá˾ĻľľҪγܡ
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ҪѾľдֽ飬Ǳɱʹࡣ
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кδҲϴ
𡪡
ˡֽ飬ûлطûҪʰٶ࿴һۣһᣬն𣬵ųƵ棬뿪˳ңһΣǻؼøһȥϾͻصġ
һΣǲٻˡ
ʧȥ˳ӣʧȥ˳ϱ
................................................................................
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ҽߣ漣ȴ漣
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￴ģӽ۳޲ǻ޹ˡ
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ûûεļһ
ô޲ż࣬޲ǸúӣĽ֣ûмȥõ֤
˵һԺúõĻš
ֻǡ
ȷ̫ˣҪúõţһ꣬ʮ꣬áԣŻд飬ǲ
ôһġ
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ûãǵŮȻ˸֮ģ𰡣ɽ֮һΣ˵˵еҩҲ˵
ˡ𲻸Ȥܣпȥҿɣ֮ǰɻҩĻкЩûϵģҸʱϳûõģгҩԺá
С²Ҫصıȥãͺˡű֤ܿ͸ȫǿĵأɻزá
Ҫһ˿ô졣
úúûţıػ
˵ˣھȥɷ򣬡ȥأ׼ȥ¡
ʲô¡ֹֹȥҵ޲ˣɲҾûκιϵҪ֮ʱԸվڳһߵġ


2  131 

һʱ䣬Žڳҵҩʰ׵Ժյģĵûκ˵ע⡣
һԺҲ൱𲻰֣޲ʺϳ֣񣬸ûг֡
۳޲ȥΪΣּġ
ҩģԥǾȥһ棬˵£Ҳ˵ıŮǸ֪ܵȥĻСҲָ˵˵ò岻ģҲᵣġ
ԺˣȻŲٵĶҡڵĴǼҴүԺγЩ
װү
𡪡üͷƺʵǲôһ׼үϾ˼ʮ꣬ү
ղſ껨ʵش
֪ˡһף㳯껨ȥҵеطȥ껨ǲİ
Ĳгƣĳ˶УжΪٿͥᣬĵʵЩʱ

Ͳһὲʱˡ
Ĳʱ򰡡
׼ңʲô𣿡ǲʱ򣬵ǹؼǰŲŸջȥž˸ɲ˳ҵݶźãʱǿûǷӦԣҲӦԲˡ
ָ˵ѡλ£Ҳ̫ţָֻ˵ڵġ

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3  1 

ûˣôûеģһжҪˡ
ΪʡȴҪ鷳ҶһƳ޲عתۼ࣬ҵĿǰΪֹδκεѴ֮ǰҵԣҲ췲ĽݺĿɽʱ򣬽ˡ
췲иҪҪ
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ҲãĽݼҲã֪ΨһԶѪ˿ϵֻһˡȴððȻҡ
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˾ǲŹǵģһΣǾˣʱ޷һλЦ丸Ŭ鷳ȴϢľôˣǺúõסĿɽЦٶʧӰ
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翴ֿŵϵһ˵˼ûУֻʼ磬Ǹڿ²Ǻܷ㣬ǻذɣұĴ򡱡
ĴǶѾҹˡһֱӴޣһסֲţλС磬ͰǣÿǾôһˣҲˣҪöˣкȥǶϡ

Ϊѡ
ˣ磬ȹҩˣڿ˿ڣתҩأǶƽʱɲ˭ܽģȻҲ˭Ըġ
ҩˣȥһ֡
ĿǰΪֹ嶾ֻвĸˡ
Ųɣȥ
á
ǰԲѵŮӣ֣
ж
Сжӣǵıʲôжеʲô
Ѫ
ѪѪʲôֵٶǵôĪĶңĴѹƲʲôѪ
Ůӵֵ֣һۣιжѪŻѪ
ǣҪô죿ûеþȡĸյιúֶ񶾵ĶֵǾԲŹǸ˵ġ
ʲôҲû˵ݡ
ֵܽ֡
ģǽȥҩ
ҩǾͷˣֵͬʱһֻҪҩʹûоȵģǾͺˡ
˺һᣬٶȳѾҪɽˣ̧һۣ΢΢һüϵҩ˦ֵˣЩҩȥ䣬µҩÿշҩ裬ֱڵĶȫƳΪֹ
ֻҪҩͿԽ
ллллֵĵ̧ɽ£ǾˣҲȥԸĸˡ
㣬Ȼҽ¾;һ
˵ģϿ춯֣̫ҪɽˡСģ˭εġ
ǣ²
Ҳ׼Σɾժ
ɾ
ʲôɾ
ժͰҲ
ҡͷɸҩô鷳ô


3  2 

ҩŸָĶҩҩһĸҽ飬иױʼ¼ҩӴĲ֢ͽⷨȷ
ǵõһҽ飬ţһѧҽ˵൱ջ
㲻ѧҽģҲԳΪһҽˣű¾С
һĿɽԽԽˣǰһ춥һˣѾ˲ˣڵãʱһʮʮϵĲ֢ĪĴβ˵ġ
Ҳպ֪ĿɽжҽСĴڣ֪ôɽ֪Ҿ
ɾͲ˭֪İɡ
ҿûдĵٸ£ĿɽϿ˸ҩݣ춼ûûУѹûκεʧųȥ
һȺһȺˣôġ
ˡһĲʮ⻹ǲ˵ͲɽĲ˵ѣȫǾ͸ɹˡŶˣͷôˣﻹȥ
ֵƬҩǰǼҵżֻͱ˲ˡ
˾ҲѵõĴ޶ܵˡ
ǵǰźûµҩҲ˭˵βȴ޷ֹȺǼţǵ徲
ҩ쿴ǲȥЩˡ
æùҪ뵱ĴͲôˡĻǲò̾ϢԸŮԭΪڿ徲Ĺˣ˭֪û徲գˡ
ô¡
үƲǹ
ΣͰǸɽȥ˾ŴͷβһȺ˺мҹ鲻ãӻأҪӵȰ裬˫ȺļһȫɨɽȥһҲ׼ۡ
Ҫɽʲô鷳ģֻǣǶһӡ书Ҳᣬе
һ̧ͿԽжԶƶԶġ
ǰ˳ӵĵͷЩҲûзӲŻҽģЩɫĺѿᣬļ˼ôʹȴԺĵģǺݲھһĽݺѪ˿һ£ԼˡڣѾѧˡ
ٵʲô˵ʲôʲôȥʲô
֮ǰõԼĽ
ܿϧûͿͷЩβ˵ģӯǻͬˡ
˸вɡ
ȣͷЩ˵ĸ
ȣǾͷЩ˵ǸһעõģͬһǸ
Żİӹء
򣬻֪Ҫĵʲôʱ
̫ѿˡ¶Ųúõôô£ס˽ʮˣܹҲûЩ˶࣬šһͷΣһһǲҪۻˡ᲻á
ǾȥȡҲǴ㲻ǴҲǻҽġ˾ɨһۣƫͰеζŮƣͲվŮһ
˼ɽҵҵˡ
⡪лҿɲ·ĳûйźĳѾͷЩ˵ľˣһȥ̽ףҪ֪ĸ˰ĵַй¶ȥһ
֪һҾĿɽĿɽһλȷǼ֪ҲȷǲҶˡ
ɲеĽ˶һҵġ
˵ǳġһۣ˾ţġ˭֪סģһһ֪̽ϸй¶
Ҳǵġθɡ
˾²ؼ߸߹
Ҳ£ԼƲÿҲò飬ӦǴһǰʼģóƣٽ֮ʿȥ飬һĿɽĵЩʲôˣôʹյôɣȫˡҪɣǾһˣαô鷳ء
ɽɽģҲۡ
ôܲõ᲻ŵֱգۣǰЩ˶Ѿ뿪ˣô𣿡
Ҳ˵
ֻ
ĿԲһ
޷
Щ˿ЩѰϰգңһ֪ǵг̣Щͨ˼ңɽΨһĿľϣ˿ԽٶȻָһĻָǳĸм֮⣬Ӧáһɡ
Щ˵ú
ûôɵ¡̫ɾйһ˲鵽ôһ£ͷЩˣȰǸߡҪ޶ؼҡ
ɽѵö˾ˬ죬ҸͷЩˣ㸺ࡱ˭Ҳ˭
.............................................................................
Ȩߵĺôһ£̾˰һҪһǰĿɽˣֻۿˣʱ˷ˣһЧ
ƿԵֵǧ˵ô飬һ㶼ѣϢɢȥûãѾϢر
زµר˾ģȻֱĿɽϣ˾ɽȥϢ
ˣؽУһͬԭеĲʹŷ֣ص˭Ҳβá
ÿһҡͷҲˣûаʲôʲôʹԵЩˡ
ǵˣڲ޲֮ʱ˰֪ǻпɾȵķӣֻҪĿɽҵ𣬲ʲôʹԳ
ԡ
ҾǰͳֳɵĲг˲١ϼˡ
˹鷳˾´˽ۣҲһ䣬ûٶˣ£ȫҶ
ͲЩֱۣѾװҵ鷳ô˳ЩҲĸ۵ĸҹȥҵȥжҡ
˾һ
Ϊֻɽ˵õɣ˼ҶڰƫͲ鵽ýϵЩɶͨߣŲмЩæ
ȻΪѡ
ȻѣԼȥ顱
ˡܲ˵ֱҡͷͲСˣƫֻҪһƵĳûûˡҲǵģΪһӶûҲˣûҪһҪʲôģƫԼͰһ˶˿ɲ࣬ϸ룬ţҺĽݼңҲûˣʱҲ飬˵ЩͷЩĪҪʱǰôôԶ㣬ûǡ
ĿǰȺףҪؽջԻͻҪʱգҲֻĽݼҺˣԻᴦҪ֣ҪƣһԶǾٰȻ˻ȥ

3  3 

𣬲Ϊ͵Լʧȥɷ򣬶иı䡣
һ£Ľŷ֣ûô򵥡
ҪĿɽȷף˭ȥϵȥҪ˳ҵҾᣬͲô򵥡
ĽǷ֣Ҫ˵ǽӽˣ˾Ż޵ֻ̬ûмܱȵ
ӽᣬɽӽ˰ɡ

ûС
Ľ֣ҪӽϼѣװĿɽҽɣֻϧеĴǲһģѡˡ
װòأ˵أһƣһΣûǸҪΣͿԲΡ
ȥҪ˵뷽跨óҩˣһضˣײĻ޷֪ܽѪ˿ϵҩʲô
ƫƫҵĴҹˣѹûһ֪Ѫ˿ϵĽⷨ
һȺӹҽȴ벻Ҫĳҽ
һŭ֮£ĽǮҵǮ˵ףҶǱĽݼǮѼңѾҵˡ
˵ǮҲΪ췲ͬ壬ûʲôüƽϵġ
ǮþֶΣòĵò˵ˣȻһЩͨĲʹһЩѰ˴ȻٸǣҪһ·ߣǾĿɽֻԾǡ
ĽɽׯڣĽݺŭµƬ鷿ĸ䣬˭˽ȥ£˭ġ

֪֪Լ˶Ļ
ڷʲôͳˣҲңҲзִ硱ŮȴƫƫƲԼŮ
Ľ޺޵롣
зִ硱Ľݺʼҧгݣ֪֪»ʲôĺҲͰˣƫƫһͷԶûУÿһζ޴ȥһЩ£֪֪ĽɽׯҲֵס˾š뺦ĽݼҼ
һʱĳΪ˵ȴԺĸú̲ŸտʼѾ³çɢ
һ˾Ų֡ûʲô֣еˣе¶ң˼кɣֻҪͺá
׳ա
ǰԼŮŵĲĽݺѪһһҲнޡ
ƫ԰ĺܡ
ɱˣҲйѪ˿ϣģҶ˼жĽݼȴ˾ŵжôõĻᣬһβƽѵ㽲𣿡
£û
ҲΪ㡱ĽŸףÿһζ·ˣƲһɶ𣿡Ѫ˿ϣ췲ҲѪ˿ϡ˵˵ȥĴʲô¶ûС
족һƣ˹ȥĽһ㣬˦ţ
ҡ
Ҵľ㡱ǿҪǿѪķϣɱԥ˾ţнʿĿĽɽׯΪƾʲôܼ޵ȥ
ѾͷΪ췲ǿŻȢΪ
ĽɽׯΪ췲һ۶ӷӣĸ˿ȢǸӶĴ
ᣬһֱ䡣
ĽԼıˣôһֱ֪ŮǲȲΨһĶӡ
ԣŬı֣ŬԼǿŬҪ͵ܵһأһģǿ
ˣǵĽɽׯܼ޵óȥ
Ľô
ĲϲͲҪĴĴ𣿡

ʼʧأĽݾһžŵѰζһ׺ͽɫ֪鲻ˡ
ʲôеǶԸôһҲˡ
ߣǵûôˣĽݺŮһۡ
˾ѾòٵĽʿЩ½ɽĲӦѾֻǺ֣˾ŲûҪһʱûз˿𡣲Ҳ֮˾ŵԸ鷳һٶȽģԲ֮һԲᡣ
Ϊڶ˾ѾҪκεĶ˾Ҳʵʹ˾һ£Ҳһ鵽ҺĽݼͷϣʱ˭Ҳ⡱һѾǽңһΣҲûһİͻȻðˣׯͷһܣȹ˷ͷ˵
Ľݾһô𣿡Ҫɢɽׯˡ
Ľݺصͷֻ»أ㡪Ľȥ֪ͨң
............................................................................
˾ſȴŪ˾֪
Ĺܵ˲֪֪ȷȫĽݼҴСĽùһѻֱͷðҲϨˡ
һĿɽһУȻǶûѧԡ
һ٣ٶƽ˵޶ȵģҪûʲôԡ
ҪȥĿɷ
һνʡ鷳̬ȼһǲٷˣҪͽĽݼңҲô鷳ѶҪõġ
⵹Ҳǡ
ͬеĶ˶ףֻĲҸȥҪٷ˿ô죬ĽɽׯɾˣһҲеġֻǣﻹ¡
ġ̾Ϣ֪ĵʲôɷֲ꺢ͯ»зִģɱ֮ˣ
Ŷɱ֮ˣҲûૣ޸ô꣬Լ˽ˡ
ɱǾġɱ
ЦԷǵҡͷĵʲô˸ɱʲôɱҲ÷֣һûþʶҺ˳һϻ֪ҪմȾ϶Ѫծ
һΣ֪Ǹ÷ȥġ

Ľݼҵһ٣ٶѾ̫ˡ
ΪĸϣӿԹ񾲰ʣǾ˴ţʱشڷ״̬Ƕκ˵ǸϢ
ۡ
ðɣһȥҳ췲һ֮⣬ˣֻ֣Ѱˣ뽭йҹȴǽˣĽɽׯĳĽݼҵˣģ׼ɱ֡齻Ҳ֪ожǿõģһֻۣԼܲԼ
ڣֻϣĽݺҪټͿ˽ȥɽׯ˴󲿷ǲߣЩҲɥ
򣬶һɱֵͣġ
ʱ˭Ҳס
Ҿı֤пޣ˭֪仰˵˵û˵
׼ˡ
ġԲˡ


3  4 

ħȶµˡ
ĿǰĽݼ˵ԸҲ󡣻Խԩǰ㶼ܡ
ģʯͷҪӲ
ԼɱĿ졣
ʲôĽݺɫûбڸҹⱲӿҲûʱôκ
ɲǴţǰҲҿ֣Ȼǵ棬ԶԶĿɱˣһֻϻ򵥡
Ȣ˳֮󣬾ͱһˣҲ֡
֣Ҳгڣֹ
ϣҲֻгĿֹ󣬽죬Ĳûиһ˵ҪѪϴĽɽׯˡ
鷳һüĲΣĻҲҪ˵һ٣ٶҲи޶ȣƫҲúǵǲǸӡ
ᡪ
ͷˡ
ǲ׹صġ
ôһԣֱܵȥ
˵ˣ鷳ǣȻʹ˲ãˡ
ҪôĽҪУμɤӣʵЩ̶ĽݼҲûи鷳ƾʲô鷳
С»Ҫ
һȺ׳ա
һ䣬ߴĽݺĽ췲ɨĽݼĽݾĴڣĽݺҪΪĽݼһ
ߡ
ǻÿүԸԸ
ǲ鷳ɲ˵ģҲûģҲָǿ˵˻ְɡ
˵˵ȥ˷Ŀˮ
㲻ܡ
ûʲôܵġһΣĮҲ䵽˼㣬ǣ޲ǣҵıŮúõ˵˵ȥǵĴضûС
ô
Ķһɡ
һ
ֲɨأɨĶɨһɨΪôֵǮ췲һյֱðȴֻԼ粻ˡ
㲻һʤ㣬ɱˣڵľǶ١ƴһƴҲȫȻûӮء
Ҳ⣬һҲԡʡ鷳һԽ
ʵ̫ˡ죬ƴˣƴҲƴƴһƴл·ƴĻˡ
ĽݺĽ췲ĽɽׯĲʳ͡ȻĽݺĽݾǲ˵Ľɽׯˣ԰æģΣҲ뿪
ţ԰ǵæ
᲻ó
һϡ
ƣҪУƽˣİڵƽƽϢĶáǲӣһֶԷֻ·һ
һΣ鷳ģ顣
ڣʣˣһϰɡ췲أȻ˵òǺأվ뽭ãҲͦĽŷĽݺվţȴһǱ
ĴϾɱ𣿡
Ͼɱ˵ЦĽݾɲһĽݾĸϾɱ˵ûһֽ̡
̫
ܺð
ˡ
ΪβۣѲɵű
ʱĽɽׯĵûаϢֻһӰûаһƮڿУԼٶ뿪
һգĽɽׯʽ̨
ĽɽׯׯĽݺŮĽŮ췲ڶʳɽׯڣΨһĻֻĽݾ
....................................................................................................
Ľݺɱˣ
ɱˡ
˭ɱġɽϵҰҲܵŭ𣬡ɱ˾ǲɱĽݺ
ɱɱˣٺٽҲ;Ȼ
ǹǲǣ˵һҪɱĽݺ˭׼µģ˭׼һɱĽݺ
ֳˡ
ĺụһۣμˣ̫Ѱ̫֪ȥ˵ˡ˵һΣеεĴΡ
˵Ƕ˵ˡ
ֻ뷭ۣЦ˵ɡ
ȰȰɣķĿŮ
áϢǰˣһͣӻͳİҩƿƵİοƿǣƮƮǰһʱѩһ㣬渲˾ź


˼Ĭĵһ˫׶ͬʱ
һǱŮ̬ȵʱ¡
ʲô̧䣬һţôԶйҩ
˵ġ¶ˣôǿͣһˡ
ʹ
˱ŶӸԳź󷽱ȥ
󲻽ĵ岻ǰٶֵ𣿡ССйҩҲѵõ
ûĶףǷ򶾵֮ȷǰٶ֣Ƕܺ˵Ķҩֻӣֲ̫ģãҪйҩǳ֡򶾵ҲƵģҪƽ⻹򵥡
ֲãĶˡ
ᣬǿеæˡ
ˣƫֻȸһŻ족£ΪȻˣ볳ǵĵطȥɡǰôô֤û˻ǡ
𡪡ʧЦ
ɲǡҲͷʱҲֻϣҲ֮Ƶסˡ
ȥĽɽׯΪʲôҲ֪ףֱ֪ģʲô¡
Ϊ˲㷳ġĿ᲻ñŮΪ鷳ġ
ûʲô÷ĵġӹˣţ˴ҩȥǱɷһûʶĹãõȥ
ö
զ࣬ԻĽɽׯǻˣǾˡ
ˣҲͽ鷳ˣҪ⣬ֻƽӸƽһξ͹ˣøѵ
̬ʵ˾ƣֻһҪɱ˾ţһҪ췲¶Ǹÿ

ֱǽˣʣ
鷳Ҳǵġ
ǣ
գգۣᣬ鲻Ľݺ˾ϡ
ҡͷֻҪĽݺյÿõӦ˭϶ҪҪˣԺ󲻻ĻˣгԹһ٣ֻһˣΡÿһĽݺгԹ˶ԼϣֻϧֻСһ
ûף㲻𣿡
ҡͷ֮Ϳпޣȷ췲Ľݺˣֻϧûˣȴδ

3  5 

꣬һŶ
ҲԸıܶණһھ֮˵ͻһˡ
꣬ҲʲôҲûиı䡣
Ծһհɡ
˾ǵ˿ȡǰ꣬Ѿλ꣬Ȼڷƽ˾Ҳû̫鷢൱͵ġ
ɾĿɽе˶֪ĿɽľǱ޹ʴţ֮ʱһҲ
ʱôֻû˻ᵽȥ֪һ
һλ󣬿ûб˾źǵϣ޷ǳҪ飬ǾԲ׵Ŀɽ
ǰĽɽׯһϦ٣˭ɵģȴ˵硣˵˾ģ˵ɵģ˵ĽݺĳġĽݺЩֻֻĽݺһ˲֪
ȻѾˡ
޷ٿ˵ġ
ĽɽׯΨһĽݾҲϢӰ٣û֪ȥˣߣҲһĶս֮Уֻû˷ְˡ
鷢Ľɽׯԣе˶ȻΪĽɽׯģ췲ֻǼõùĳĽɷ򣬳˱˶ԸĿ֮һԣҲˣЩϧ
ĨϧҲʱϢˡ
ֻңʹţʧȥδ˱ʹ֮⣬Ҳҵδ˲ٵĲȶء
Լ˿ڣԼ򣬱ǰﲻʲôæġ
֮£ҵĵճ뿪ĸ࣬ûж˳ϯеģǳҵıҡ
ңȴǾٹ֪׸ĳӣδ뿪Ǳ˳ɱƽϰյ붼ÿ¡
£õ䲻ȣᣬĿɽңҺ˼ҵŮףûᣬźǡҲ磬º˱ڡϣѾǸˣĿɽϾܵ൱ϸѵһ˵书͹ѧˣΪ˱Ψһãƴȥѧ
һҲǵǸӯ꣬ѹʮߵͿԶƬˡ
㣬ʮ꣬Ȣ㡱֪Ӻʱʼ֮ǰɺӵ˳˵˼
΢΢һá漴ܾûм˵ϲãⱲӼ޹һҲ͹ˣҪһΡ
һ˵ڡ
𡪡ᣬ㶼ʡˣҪȢ㣬ģ޲Ȼˣңһʺϵɷ򡱡һʮ꣬һʮĳŮ˵
볤޲ʮ꣬޲ĻҲʮˡ
ιιι㻹浱ҲǲǡһֽԶԶģͲСӵͦ󣬾мʦҵıŮҪһӵġ
ǻϵģԺô죿ǻһֱסһһչġСѪ
ƲС
ҲŲСȭߵĵѾʮˣ˭˵һСӣʮôС𣿡
˭˵ûС
ǰһʮĴССֱۣôôɵͽܣ֪ñ˽ˣԺ߽Ƕ档
ߡ
ʲôߡǻýһʦʧصһȭȥˣ˭˵ͿԴһС
ѾǸˣоԵԱԼİˣǣҲǡֻҪϣһԺúõı
ȻʦȴҲѰ˿Եֵ˵ġ
ҲԼΪһӡ
硣
Ժ㡱
áһ۶û̧һ£ҿԱԼֻҪԸ⣬û˿ǿн
һᱣġɷ˵Ըľˡ
˱ѾŸԱʱ֮裬һȫʱĿɰģȻǺܿɰģȴѾһˡ
ǵı仯ܴҲѾʮ꣬ǸɰŮˣǵǸʲô׵Ůޡ
ǰ˾һŮȡãѾ꣬Լ·˵ЦһǸɰĺӡ
һεĳУ˾źЩʱͬģһţһ·ϹǴӾ͹ˣĻʱȥʶ
ڶˣ⼸һֱסĿɽܰڶҲֻܵǣվҪģϤҲûʲôõģңöһζûмʶͷŶ
ȷôá
ûʲôֹݵǻˡ
첢һֱڱ˵ģʱ򣬺˸ˡ
˾ſԶǿƣһһŮȴ޷ǿƣֻҪһ޷ڻؾܡ
г̾Ŀɽһ·ϣɽһ·㣬ֱϣ£һҲпܵģǴ߱߿
Ժʱ䣬С
һһҲ㲻ףβúõĿ磬ߵҲ㰲ġ
ĳ޲;һС飬ûüúõĿһͻȻ뿪
ôʱûκεϢ
ͲκϣˣϣǳҲã˵ĴҲã޲ԼҲãҲôϢ
׷
ֻ˸ӵİˡ
һΣѵõҲһͬȥɽˮǰֻһ䡰ġ򷢡
һͬ⣬Ƕ˵ֱӾ̡
ɡǰһգɷ򣬡ڸԻɽˣ˵ºǻҲԼļˡ˭֪᲻һʱһѴеļҵ
ҲȫûкǵŶ
ҪĲ١
˵ǡֱͷж£ȻǺǿһԣһ볤޲Թ
ôͻȻ޲ǸһءüǼһҲʡʡģǵڲҪʱԸ
Ҳãá
ɽ˾źԭҲҪӲǲͷ紵ɹģΪβֲǶ¶
ģºһһ˫Ůһģ˾ʱǵĳǰעż˵һһ
ʱ˱ӲҪῪ˿ڣ˾ű˱ͬ
ǵٶȲ죬Ȼȥ棬ֲǸ·Ҫ𼱻ŵģͷһΣȻҪúõİסλ
뽭ڣɽǵһͣפ㡣
ȥҩһ㣬ն
ȥ粻ϸ룬գ׷ȥ
ûе磬Ҳ֪û׷ɽֱߵӭϣֻΣյĵطϡеҩġ
һ˳Ŀڡ


3  6 

ϹϿʤֻͷβô겻䣬һֱΪԼǸ䡱ˡ
ϹҲĲôʦ̣Ըѧ

һۼṦٶѧҲϲⲻոջǰͷˣѾӰͲ֪ġɡȥˡ
Ҫѧ½ǣӰӶû鵽һ˿㡣
ɽ˵󲻴˵СҲСҪǣǵһֵǶƵתһȦûзӰԼ·ʧ˷һǱĻصԭأŷ֣֪ʱѾˡ
СӣΪ˴ˣӲ˾ͿԵҷɣ´ҪɳȥͲûˡбһۡ
ҷɡɲǸһȥġ˵ˣҲһˣûµ鷳
˵ˣû㡱
˷ʱ䣬ûҵˣȥˣҿ췭ɽûп˰ҵһѵģҲ·Ҫô졣
һƤֵģϸƤŮ˰
ԺҪңϡֱԲ䣬˵ʵȴһûֱӲ
ģһθϣܲڴδζϡԼ츳Щĵģű֤
ܼΣ㶼ϡ磬˷ҵʱ䡱ɲϲû¸ƨ档æһῪڡ
ԣûп֮ǰ뱣ֳĬһžͺá
ǲܵġ
û˵ɼĺܣøľͲˣⱲӵֻǹ¹µһˡ
ֲǻˣҲûʲô£޷һ㣬ûеҵ³
ɲ׼ԼŪòġ
˵ڶΡȴжһٿһۡ
һ
˷ꡣ
Ҫ˵ĻѾ˵ˣСӣˣһɲΪһ·𣬸ɵ飬ɣһ֮ҲøһȥˡжԶԶ
ǡ
ҡһǣһ㲻
ǣʦͽ̻壬һʦܿ˰ɡ˸
ɨʦͽһۣ˭̵ľ˭磬ȴһѾöͬˣ̵Ŀɲֻ书ѣи˽µӰ죬˲Թ߿һ۾ܿװס
绹СΪĿɽʱ绹ǸӣԾѾȻֻɺһ
ͬһֻҪǿԼĺӣǾͻһֱǺӣڴ󣬸ĸУŮŮ
ǿԶһ棬Ҳһ
................................................................................
˴꣬ŵ㶫ʡڣٻȥֵûϺü¡
ԭʱ䷽û̫⡣
ƫɲַһС£˾ȥΪ޷жΡ
˭߸ϵλã»²ء
һȻȥ飬ٸϹ;ۻأɲǼƻ֮ڵ飬顣
ܡ붼룬˾ֱӾܾ
ȥæģȥǵġ
һΣ˾ŵʲôҲû˵ȷǲòأԣ޶һȥ浽ʲôʱȨʣʡ
Ÿ硪Щ޴롣
ˡҡͷҲ꣬ûȥˣֲûлᣬһξ͵ɡһ湻ˣһοô죬ȻĿɽȥ¾ˡ
ˣظ
;ȴ˶ӡ
ôȥһɽҪĲҩ
ʲô󾪡
СǷԵףҪʲô԰ǲ׼һԼȥʲôҪȥȥˡ
ͬʱԣ΢΢ü֮ᷴе¡磬᲻̫һˡ
˵š
㹻ԱԼȻȫһ㣬Ȼһĺӡ
һĺӣҲӵоԵԱ
룬û˿Խ
㲻֪ն񡱡ôһ˵ߣҪʲôߵȥҪʲôҩһȻؼңڼŵӻȥ֡
΢΢һЩҩ޷ӵġԣŸ
üȻֻ֪ǡ
ˡһɷ򣬡ȥȥɣҲˡǸӣֻҪľͺãΪ˸ĸҲûʲô÷Ųġ
ģôҲ˵󲻸ŵĿŰޣҪһ˵ߣȷ֪ն񡱺ðɣһǲòϣĽɽׯ⽭жնǱ˭ˡҪһҪиһҪ˭ƴȥ
ллֱӺӸ׵Ĳͬ
ЦһֱӣҲǷŲ㣬ӦúõչԼͷҪ̫ãЩؼ֪𣿡
֪Ķ˶ס
ĸ۰Ȼиܡ
𣬲УУģôԴӦʼ۽С
ʲôСɷһۣҲˣƵġ㳤ӶûУǴǳʶأãǼʶǸʲôģˡ˵ûоԵԱԼǻʲôòĵġ
СôҲ޷˵ԼҸһȥɽºҿᳵ·ĶСԴ·
ҪнſԼߡ
𡪡ʹΪʲôŮ޷Ϊ˸Ŀġ
ˡֱۣҪˣҲи޶ȣһǾ̣ҪǸȥͱٻصǰºݻ
Ȼ
ΪѼˣһİӣһǱŮԭͲҪȡˣᵹȡһһô
ġ
ҡ
𡪡
Ҳ֪һ˵㣬һ㡱ƽĵ
û
ˡ
һУҧòš
š
ãҪ֮ʱҪҲʲô⣬һҪסԼȫ˵ֵǮֻŮġ
֪ˡ˵Ҳô
أһֱһߵָԼıֱлʦһȥͽܸʦͷİɣһúõıġ

룬𶼲Ҹһȥ
ôУƽҡ
ƽһۣ˫һ󣬡Ϊʦھ㿴ʲôǹƽһȭĻ翡˧ϡ


3  7 

ɽ֮ߣ
ʮ֮⣬ѿ壬ȴһֱϣֱڣ˵һȣһȺ䣬µκһһȵϾ֮ϵ߽ϣԲԪеĲ
֮ɽѩǧ֥ûɫ١
䳲ڱ˴ң̫ŨƲ壬ֻԿ۷ټһ˴ڡ
Щɽµ˵ġ
ɽڼѰ˸Ͳµȥ˲аƫҪһԣͰСԶȲء
Ҳֲʿһԣɽѩǧֿ֥ҩ˵һӶһΣҪ˵ǵõˡ
ֳɵģһԣʧ˴ûᡣ
ı棬ûκζվסţϣ£ǷõĻᡣ
ûа취øȥĴ䱻ҧһڣǿɲǺġ
ڶϿãһץһֱֻʶʱ򣬲ȻŴۡ
ɽ¿û˸ж
תӣǰһ㣬޵ȣգۣʧ֮УӰ
................................................................................
ϵʹһĽţѾ֪˶ѹ
ģһ·ǰһۣ֣ϵѣ֪ʱѾˡİĲϣİĿеĶİ
İĸо

ӼҪ֧Ųûκ
⡪
ô£
ڣûˣ͸ķ϶ԼƼͷϳǸˣŲ೤
̼ǵõʱס˷䶾ɽȣȴԻš
˭
֣ӡ۵ģǸʮҵˣǸ
ףˡ
㣿
΢΢ü⻰ƺЩ֣˯˺ܾ𣿡
˯ǿ˵˿ˣҼӾ֮ôһƣŷ԰ٶ֣ķ䶾ɼ䲢ǵ֮
û
𲻽֮
֮ǰµ򶾵жġ
˼˵ҲҺаٶֵʣȻɾûˣĶȻǼµĺݶж߶ڻȥж˲ܳҲܺȣǻģһ뵽ģֱ
ң򶾵ԣԺˮˮҩܱһС
˭ʡ
ףһûиҼ˭𣿡һ漴һЦǱǸˡһͣ£̽ƣүĹˡ
һӡ۵ǸһЩˣԼĪʮ꣬һº͵
ˡһȴȲϵˬǿǵģ¹˯̫ͲԸѹˡ
ˡ
˯ôá
Ҳûؼˡ
ʡ
Ѿ뾩ˣϾ͵Ҽҡλӵ˸㣬죬һЦ֡
Ц
Ц
ر֣Ҳĸĸⷭ˼˶ţ֮ҲԱ˼š𡱡
ǺЦһ֣һЦ֪ʲôЦġʶԵʶһҲİţ飬絽ҼҺúõЪЩӡ
ãҪ뿪
л칫Ӿ֮նͼڣҪؼˡ
ؼң
Цһü
𣬲ҲؼҡգգۣڵͲһ˻ص˼ңɣҼһλˣһͬȥʲôʱԻأʱһȥⱨ£˰ɣνʩʩͲҪˡ
һˬʵĻ
˶ӣȷЦ˵Ҫһ˻ȥĿǰ״̫ǿˡ
ȻˣǾʹˡ
ŶЦЦɨһۣϣһЦʶһͷȴʶһ鷳ˡˣݳСҵӣʲô¿ԸңҲԸʱԡ䡣
΢һףû˵̫ࡣ
̫鷳۾ȷҪһطúõһε⣬ȷҲû뵽ġ
֪ͷǷһծʱͻ͵һĿɽ
ˣ̣Ͼ͵ˣӿŲ
Цһߺȣٶȼӿ졣
˸ŷ֣ͬеĲֹЦˣͷһʮˣЦͷνʮ㡣
ͷҲС
⾩֮أˣǸɡ
................................................................................

۵Ǹ߸Ŷʹ֣˺ӶЩѡ
û뵽Цļңǻ֮
ôͣˣȥţȥϢҪЦȫȻӵֱӷǰߡ
ңҲǾС֮ˡ
ˣ
ǰҵ֮󣬾ϮˡЦֺǺǵĵһǸӵܣҲûʲô˼ǻϷģзܲ˵ҪͲҪ
ǻ׹ݡ
𲻶ɫҲԾ뿪ϢһӦûһЩΪԼʩҲԪɣ뿪ϱĵطЪһ֮ؼҡ
ЦǸܼӣмҲĺˬٶȲҪþͿܵһɶңֻһܼӶѣһˡ
ͷԣԣܵûشֻҪżͽͿԹúõĻӻһʱ䡣
ҪǣΪ͢ıߣ˼Ҫ£һô˱˵ķͷ
ٵǲмɵġ
רɵռϢˣҶǵģһЩвȴҲҪһͣ򣬼ʹǻʱ䣬Ҳκεĳɹ
˵ǰãĲãǰǧҵһ֮ţԿȥ֪δǹʦҲһӵе͡
ʦ˵֪֪Ҳֻô˵ͣҲôȫܡ
ǸˣʲôУʲô˶ԣһҲѲһˣ»ƽֿԺúõңһʱˡ
Ӱƣȡ֮еôһ¡
Цһ۲۵ľӡ
𱻰ںĿͷĴԻ˲òӣﲻһѰ֮ء
Դ֮󣬾ûñĴ򿴹ЦصΪظĹҽҲҪ
ΪʲôҽûУһģڵõĲǲҲҽҪôſõĵ塱죬Ц˹еҽ
ҡͷ
ҪҵԼ
ֲǴ򡱡
ǡϵĲԸϣЦԴͷǸ죬һ뿪
ǡЦۣ˵Ǵ򣿡
û
Żаٶֵʣôû뵽ءһԴЦȻ򣬡ǴҲҪҽƣôԼԼơ
ҽ߲ҽôһ¡
үüҲûлԲѡֻҪѵģͿԼԼƸ
ĲҪ

ðɡЦ䣬ûмôִŮˣúõһ˶ƫ⸱顣
˵ˣ⸱صϣŸˡǺͻϺ󹬵һ㣬ӣȴʵûʲôɫ
㲻ԸҲܱ㣬ɣѾȥˣһ磬˾ͻᵽʲôʱſȬͷĵסŰɡ
á
ô˵ˡ䣬ЦҲͬ⻹ǲͬ⣬ĺˣ˾ͺúõϢɡ
ŹϣﾲĵģҲЩ塣
Լס˼ѨٻѾԼҸ֮Լ˼롣
û
ЩλʹģҲ޷̽ԶǱֻûгһȦڿ̽Чλʩ룬ùһЩ֮˯¡
Ȼ˯˶£ǣ֪ԼҪϢ
ܿ죬硣
һε
һ磬ǱξѵģǱ˻ѵġźѾ֪Էʲô
ûʣòûбҪ
үū㣬үѾˣ׼ãλͻơ
ƣ
ü
Ҫıƣ̾Цͣһ㣬˵Ͼȥ
ҪϾˡ
һ磬Ǹʱ
ҲҪܾ¡
ү˵ˣܿģֻҪһṦͿˡ
ʵۣʱĹˣСһˣҪű衣

3  8 

ϰ˷ʩˣͨѱ˵Ļһ¡
ˣѾѾ׵ϢһͳȥЦλˡֱӵĿͷ
ǿˣǲˣ˾͵ϧúõ¡
һƣڡ
Ѿ˴ǰϰŵѾӳĲҩܲǿһۣȷҪ󲹣ȴʲôҩܳԵġ
ڣһԣȫ꣬ǵòˣѪʱǵòʧ
Ѿ˴ˡˬʵЦ̧ͷӡ۵ĳЦ֮⻹Цŵλˡ
ˣø߹ţ۲
ԭƲһۣȴڿ˵֮Ŵۣδйϯ
λˡһ㶼İǷޣΪͶĸȪͶ̥ȥˣ˭֪֮껹ܿվǰ
ˣǾ־Ȼ
и͵˽κˡ
޲λҸλһرֽءЦһҲûƳԾԵĽţ鲻ܿϧ۾һᾪ޵ġ˿ɲ
ʶҲ˵мܱȵ
ܳ
һע⵽ˣͺٺˡ
֮ǰᵽ֪ȥδĳ޲Ҿǧ챣ӲҵģǺܻá͢Աǧ˭ҳ˭泼ǿƲġ
ʵ۸λԽߣܵԽ㣬ԽԶʵȻʵӹУ֮Уٹ֮¿ɲȫܾ֪һ͢˥һûʵۿԿġһﾡľĺóӡ
Ҫع飬һ˲ˣȷǳ޲ԻţֻϹˣ֮ǰѾƹһΡ
ףЦ⣬֮ǰ𣿡ǾʶɵúܣЦһֱͳ޲صơ
еȤĹâķչƺܺ棬ɲܴ
ֻʶ
Ŷ
ֻ
޲𵽵ʲôϵЦĺһɾȥˣ˳ʵ
һֱδڵĳ޲գ˫˫ۣı飬ƽֻЦ֪޲ָ֣ˡ
Ϊģʹʹ˦֡
޲ӡģЩɳƣǳʱ䲻ˡ
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Ц۴ɣǺεȾ˵Ϣ볤޲Ҳʶһʱ䲻̫Ҳ̣ˡ
˵ףһֱΪ޲޼ң˭֪мңôһλòޡ
֮ޡ𵭵Ļص
¡ã
һĳЦұ֤¶϶϶֪ˣռȣǿĴ̫࣬ԲŻر£ȻĲһˡ
˵⵽ôһ𣿡ЦЩ˿ϸһ׻ָл
ҲҪ⵽ôһ¡ףų޲ȻţΪβϢͻسҡ
ţ
ǰ
޲ҡͷڵȷǻţȴһϹ֪һ֪˼ˣҲ֪
ΪͻȻ״֣ŻдǷ顣ǿЦأжô᲻ȴƫƫſ֡
ӦҪץŲŶԡ
ҹλأ̹ʹʱһٵԼΪҪ£ΪҪ뿪ߡ
Ϊ츳Ҫܳ޷ܵʹࡣ
ôҲùˡ
ԭΪʦȫκãý״̬ǰõٶӭȢ
ڲУڵֻǸԼ޷Ϲӡ
£л˵Цų޲¡
ȴѾ޷ӡ
𡪡ỽһǸ꣬Ǹǧǧ꣬ҲأһΣǰĿǷʦ˼Ҳ޷ȷܲκңΪǵģеϢγԸء
Բôʲôʱһʲôġ
ȷ
޲ĬϣΪһֱ״ŸеҪõվڼ˵ǰվǰ
үƫͲԸ
ѾһģҲٵڶΣ岮Ҳ꾭ˡǳҵĲТӣóϵĻ͸ġ
ֻȴҪ׶֮ʹ˿ǿ̣ȴУһһΣӻġ
еܵãˣĹˣҲࡣ
ô˽һΰɡ
Ĭ˫ӳ޲ƿЦϣ뿪һ𣿻ǡЦźѾ
ͬ
ףȥЦָԸıǼ⣬𾡶ȥɣұ֤Ὺڴɣ൱Ҳڡ
ү뿪׾СΪ飬ԵúѪɫȴ͸޷ܾǿƣЦһٲԸҪһ˺úõġɡ֪ж֪֮Ĺ£˵һԸ춯صĹ¡ϧϧˡЦԸҡͷѾ뿪
֮ǰѵǰŹϡ

ʵĺ͵ˡ
ɢǰֱӶ֣̽޲ε飬ϰ߷쾭塣
ۡ
ǳˣ
ʵĪҺó޲ףǣգĴ˰ҴľӴʱѾˡ
٣ԼѾǸˡ
ʲôʡ
֪޲ҡͷʦҲ޷˵Ȼɣô꣬߱ϵر˲ٵıе֪ҵϢ֮󣬱ЩǲЧϳ˵񹦣ĻᷢЧ˫ĿֱֱĿڵλãϹˣоȴˡ
Ƕ˳ϢԸܵĴڣһ̫Ҹ¡
ҸģЩֻţ£ֻΪ̫˼Ļ롣
տʼ꣬һֱıԵкüζѾڼ״ֻ̬һ㣬ˣȶȲʦԸɢŽҴؿ˻꿪ʼһЩɫʦ׼ζҩĶڹķˣ˭֪Щɫȴʼģʦ֮ʱѾˡһһ죬ܿĶԽԽ٣ֱҲκζ磬һƬڰ֮УƺԶֹ
ڣʦԲ֪һڳ˴ⷢʱ⣬ܱסһС˵ѾǱʲôҪˡ
ֻûзһͷ׷ȻȴŪϹۣô¡
Ҫһ˳ȥô˻ҪҪˣܲĿ
޲ĸмǵû˼ҺùһЩǸӵѹ


3  9 

޲ڳǰԵ΢
һЩ뿪ˡ
ЦҵҲһ뿪ʦûһξһΡ˵ڳ޲У֮
һڶʦ
ನۣңеĹ˶ࡣ
ıЦأ⡣
Ϲˡ߸ϵʱ治֪ĨΪһھ²̨Ļ
޲˵ͷ
ģ
ǡ
о𣿡
֪ûеþȣҲҪˣһںڰ֮Уܻţ͸ϧ
һȥ۾ЦԴתţҽƽʱҲͦеģܵҽͷϸЩ£κó޲۾Ҳ˵
Ц֪ͣ͸Цֽ˻
츳ڣȴľԼȥδ
ԼĹȥҲ֪Լδ׷ʲôı仯
ԺĽչΣһо˳Ȼɡ
ֻϧ͹еҽƹˣȴûһλҽ˵Ȼ
ǿ۾ԭŻϹ֪ʲôӲſ۾츴ΨһľǻЩʱ򣬲żŬ
ֻҪϣ޲ûɷԡ
ϣ۾
..............................................................................
ı飬ܵܵĺҲƽȡֻܿоĳ޲⿿˫Ͳ֪ﵽʲô
һɡ

ߣͰоûˣѱ˵ͳΪԼķţҲּô
ֻϣҪҪѾ㹻
𡪡һᣬ˵ȴʹһ䣬֣㣬Ը𣿡
Ƿʲôʡ
ˣ޲ȻһЦϵûͲΪȻˣ֮ǰǰѾûм棬ʱǺóļ尾
㣬Ҳ⣬һŻسңһš
Żȥ
ף
ү˵Ӻ飬ƺ𣿡
ƣʲôƵģǴ򣬡ҪֻҪϢû¡
Ϊİѳ޲ȥˣҪĺ쿴Լ壬κ˶
ףϳˣЦһĴС֣ǲǷܾ޲ɴסˡ
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ķģҾȻģҵΣ֮ǰҶúõ˿ģܵġ
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ðɣҺȾˡҪ³ҲȺȥµó


3  10 

ȫԵϢҩҵҪҩġңҪĲǶϡҩֵûϿأʱʱкöͶ
֮ϲܣ۹⣬Щö
念ˣȴŸϻؼң˴һŻؼұƽ֮ͣһʱٻؼȥ
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ĸҵģЦűֽţЦɵǺǵģѾ֪ǡҽС˵ȹеҽҪͣҽǱػʹǰһλǿɲǮȨöġ
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ססֲ뿪ǣ˰죬Цͨˣ汿ԼһǣʹȴЦš
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ЦǰʱҲ˷ѣ֪ʵ֮һ㶼ССŮˣҪߴţֱƮƮľͿƮʱҪҵǿɾڴˡ
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үææǵģæԼˡ
Ūˣ볤޲ͲǷޡ𵭵ĵ
ߵſڣûüŵĳ޲仰ͷβһҲûţһ


3  11 

ͣʲôѾˡЦͣ£Ķų޲ѿɫͷĻҲˡ
ʲô˵ģʵȷӰû˹涨Ժ󲻿ӣúõŬһѣٶػ͵ˣھµġ
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ӭȥˣˣڳأȽһᡱ

ʱϲϳˣ
޲һ󣬲ûжʣʿܷס


3  12 

С㣬С㣬סĶүĹͣ㲻洳һŮֱ׷ϣֹȴӲ˭˼ǴС㣬ǳԵıŮ쳯£ĸ˲֪Եȷһ࣬˭Ҳǰڸףǵ׷ĳ
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ʲôӨĻԴҪ޸ЦԺŮˣǶȥ𣿡ҲֲҪɱǽʲôԾ̫ԾˣƾŮ˵ֱӨλΪͷȴС
үĽʲô¶ƸүͶˡ
ҲֻүԸλĴС㣬԰ƽĿǰû
үĽôҸкҲ𣿡
С
һΪѣүûȷĽ׼κ˽ӴҪСֻǴкӦòҪɡ
˵ţѾҩҩֳɵҩģ泤޲˷ӣһ
ͳˡ
šһͷҩѡȫȻӨͼλֱӴǵǰ߹һ·صͷȥ
ϵӦĻӨȻĿǵǰ뿪Ȼ󣬿Ӱð֮Өڻعˣŭ⼱ӿǺһŷ۵ֱ
ǸŮô£

ƿڣô֪
..............................................................................................
õСܹĶԴ˼Ҷǰ˵ôλûûлһҲˣȫֱӾ뿪ˣôĮŮˡ
ģϴȥ
С㣬Ϊ˰ɣүĹͣҪǲүֻСҲүүƽʱƢɲʱʱ̶̿кƢ
үҲзŭʱһŭɾͲϨˡ
ǲΪСҪŭү
ͣӨѹûеĺ仰ԴڲͣתȻǹ;һסղžĿͷЦרŰŸġ͡סġߣҪȥһЦĹ͡
С㡪
ҪǸңҾȥҵ˵ҲۣӨвңвЧġ
˵ǲģһүʣʱүһǣҲһ
ߣţҲͬᴳȥġӨҲܲȺķӦֱͷȥ
ͷţš
ҩҲŸյѣû˵һ䣬Өϻˣ缱𼱵һ̤š
ȻˣЦʲôˡ£Цʲô˲Ҫġ
۶û̧һ£룬ҩѵҩ׳һݡ
ιư𣿡ȫĴڣӨҪˣЦʲôˡ
С㣬үĿˡ´Ϊش
ֻǿˣӨš
СӦȥүүһСһĴ𸲡
أʲôˡһָָų޲ЦĹͷﾡȻһˣӨͻȻãλЦ֮ʲôĹϵҲһˣô˵ȷֻЦһ˶ඡ
ǰĿһ


3  13 

һλǳˣүǧŰѳ͵ߣ˿ǻߵĺˣүĿˣҪСһСĵ˳ˣóһŭ֮뿪үصȥҲүŭжСһ֪ɡ¿ӨĶߣ˵ʵ
Өıһ
ˣҲ֪ΪЦģرעһ¡
ߡ
ôܳҲһʱ˰ˣ˵ҪûЦҵܳΪϸǰĺˡ
ͲЦΪʲôҪ
Цֲڡ
ȻλЦĹͣôյһˣòЦΪŮ˲ŻİɡŮ˵ֱĺС
Өµһ㶼ûдЦȷΪŰѳ޲ҪģɲӨֹϵ
ƫˡ
ǸĿ˶ֲЦѹͲƽ
ʲЦȢҲûңڣЦûа˼Ҳˣ˸Ů
ͨŮˡ
ǸһŮء
С㣬ʲô࿴ľСıʵЩģȥı仯ˣһ࣬һϣ۾ǿµķŭ
ܲšһۣӨڸ̬Ц£һҪʸ
òףЦһɣǲ׷ֵġƽһνĵȴԴҪǺá
Ө»ҲһƨǰڿͷķȫȻѾɵ񣬸Ʋɫ
ֻǵͱԹ
ڣС㲻ѰˣҲӲǸ˰ż΢ǿӲһЩүȻзӶԸģҪĸС㷭үҪǿɲð졣
̧ó޲ҩȫȻӨĴڣ˶Өĳ΢üû
޷޲Ⱦҩø˴ϲҩ֭ڵСҪүžͺáһŮӵĳģЦҲġ㻹б¶𣿡
£̧
ûСðɣУ㵽ҲЩʱһֱҪûб£ҪҪȥһߡ
ҪߣʱߣҪƣʱơ

㲻㡱

޲һЦŶԼĲ㣬һϹ֮˾ʿܵĲҲͬһġ
һ𵽴ء
۾õĻһС
¿ңҲ⵱Ρʿܵ
á룬ܾҪҪеʱ»иҪҪ޲ڳģ
Ҫϸ˽ⳤƵ̣˵Żͻƣ⼸գԹζҩȴûκεЧ
ҲлĴεΣƲ
ǰһΪ޲Ĳ̫أʵβãΪ
һΣ˫ζϹԭڻҲ
ʦ𣿡̧עķ֪ԼۣϵǲۣߣʲôҲûС֮ǰ뿪ʱʦѾٶĴΣϣҵκ˫۵İ취˼˵ûҵӣһֱȥģ̾ϢʦĴ£ⱲҲΪ

ȴס˵һУһѵĵߣٺã书ΪٸߣֻҪˣͻۣͻƣ͡
Ҳ֪ʦʲôط֮ǰҪŵʦӵĲ®֮ʦʦҵ٣һκϢҡ
Ҳ˵ûҵҽ˫۵ķӣǾԲġ
Ҫãã˺ȥҳˣǿǱȵ컹ѡ
΢΢Ļᡣ
۾ҲǺԭơڣ
޲ȴĻһ˵ĻҪԼΪ
ĲܣҲһԣֱԳĽⷨ
֮ǰĲѪ˿ϣˣΪĲŻŻӵ
ΪΡ
ΪʲôһΣȻ˵Ļ
ʲôı仯
ΪΣ˵ȴţðΣҲֻ̾һ𡪡Сᣬૣɳƣ𣿡һǣŲ˵Ļ


3  14 

ΪʲôӨۣȻѾ֪ûϣαڻʱ䣬˷ȥ顱
ǡ
޲ſζû˵Ļȴ˸УûǰһŬ취۾
ìܲ
޲Цѡ
Ĭǲ˵ЩʲôǸͲ֪˵ʲô
ٶȿڣµ˵˵Ļ֪ԼǲĻܳܵˡ
Ȼ
һ˫΢Сٶȴۣᣬ޲΢΢һ˵ûϣ˵ٳΪʲôҪۡ
ŬסԼҪݺס֣ôġ
һԳ⣬Ҳˡ˵ţ޲һһʱ֮䣬֪ηӦ˵ʲô
񡪡𡪡ⳡ󲡣Ҳһ
Сջأ޲ڽֻϣԶͣЩʱ䡣
ϵĲôκõģһûŪ۾ôϹĳҲûһ۾ȴֱǵòʧϹٻţ㲻ֻҪҪɡ

ûСϹҪˡ
ûôһˣӵһ˫Կ
Ǻ
֪ˡ޲ͷξͲΣ˵ûҲǻúúõٺãҲˣ˲̫󣬷򣬻˸㲻һֱ𣿡һ뵽ⱲҲܿĽգı飬޲ıһͳ飬ѡ
ΪʲôҪ⣿
ģ޲ӲͷƤ֣ץòףץ֣Ҳ᲻÷ſ
뿪̫Զ۾̫Զоһ㶼ϲ
Ƿްૡ
Ѿǡ
ǣһֱǡǿߣҵΨһޣ֣ĿڣҲԸܵΪԼҲΪ
Ѿд顱
ǲѵġγԸдֽ飬ǱҪҪʹ࣬ҵһֱб䣬ԺҲᣬֻϣһֱߡ

㡪Ը𣿡
ΪʲôҪԸ⣿ʵȻȴŵӨ⣬Ӳ˵ԼˣҪҪ۾ⱲӶ޷Զˡ
⡣
޲ĺһϡ
ÿĴ𸴣Ҳÿһ¡ǰӣһֱ֪ġ
¼޸һһΣ˵㣬ҪǲˣҲԸд顱ᵱġ
ҲŲҪֱˬľܾⱲѾ޹һˣûȤ޵ڶأҪޣҲǼ޸ˣ㡱
ʲô
޸ˣ̤ʬ塣
׼һ𣬳޲ɫʱ£Ҳ׼޸ˣҵӣԶǡ
ͲˡѣҪǲǵãҿ㿴
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㣬ױּġ
޲һƿڣΪʲô˴ʣҲиڣ˫֣һĳٱģҲϷ֡
ǶϢŵů£ܹøˣҪĳ˱˵ģԸǰȥ
С
ƴҲҪ
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Ҵҵģ޲˾ǡ
׼ϴүϴˬľܾ޲޵ߴ˶ãҪؼϣҪϣ㣬ʲôҪ󣬾ᡱϣ氮Ц
ҲλͣôͲλء
ϣ޲Ŀǰ£ʵޡ
ޣҲô£ûİæɡ˵ʱʱĻҪһ£һСҪôˣβҲÿԸʰ޲ܣȫȻû˺֮ǣȻģԸеҡ
ҡͷ˵׼ǲ׼
Ҫң޾Щʱջؼһˣ֮ٻؾ޻뿿ѡ
ϡ
ô˵ˣҪǲҪڣǾͼš

..............................................................................
޲Щʱ䣬Ŵӻһڵļ٣Ҳȷ⣬ʵӦˣͬǴʵǲȷ£Ż˰ѳ޲һ򣬾ڼš
ʿ泤޲һͬȥǻϵҪ
Ҳȥ
ôȥ𣿡ЦѵðѹˣҲϳȥݷðݷò𣿡
ǲԡǷǳĲԣүûº𣿡
ûСЦҡͷеúܡ
Ҫүûʲô¿ɰͰӨȢһȢɣȷҪһŮˣҿӨͺܺʣߣȥһᣬûּͻΡ
ҡЦһףҪȢҲȢӨף붼ûĸŮܵɷһ쵽ܵģĶ˵Ҳ٣ҪȢҲȢ𡱡ɱˣ֪𶼲ˡ
޲Ⱦŭ⣬һ˲ˣΪǴ
ܵġҡͷŲô׾ͼ޸һˡ޸˰ɣҲǷֿ
ֻϣүһһ
֡
˴˱˴ˡ˵ЦɵˣûƼɫһΣ޲Ҫ׷ǿеˣѾ޸һˣνԻͷݣûͷݾЩɣɲ˵ͷͻͷģ֮£Ҿ͸лˣףҲȥûжĸծҲġ
Ҷġһ䣬޲ж磬һ᲻ǰЦ½󣬲߶ʮһֱӽ˵ӨȥⱲӸȢˡ
㿴ҵԵЦ߳ŭ޲û㿴Ͳ׼˭˵ġ˵ˣ˵ˡ
ߣΪЦǸˡ
֪Ҫ˷ʱ䣬ҪӨȢˣⱲҲȢޡ
⡱
̫⣬ҵġ޲»͹ܲŶԷ˭֪վǵϣ᲻ҲԻϷŻԴҲҪˡ
氮˵Цŭˣŭ˰ɣһ޲ˣЦЦˣǲĿɲ˵㣬ôˣһ·ҪУҾ͸𡱡
һ䣬ݳУʿܣҵͷүϾͳˣҪû׼þˡɲȸܻӭˡ
ЦĲ룬ӻôƽ


3  15 

һ·ϵĳ֣ţʱɵҪȫƣǻܲٿڡ
ЦǳԶ˳޲
˭ûǸԣһ˵£ϾţЦץסݺݵЦһŹ֮֡ǰ޲˵ĻأҪδӨûбѡһȿ˳޲˵
ү޲ܻӭϳͣĿɽˣҲϲ֮͡޲ԣ˵ӣҲϲŭ޳Цְ氮֣Ҫӭ˵鵹ãҪһ˵ǣʱ˭϶ȥ
֮ͣЦЦü޲ˣɱˣǵѾ˵ˣˣɱǽܶˡɲôΪ˵𣿡
̧𣬵̧һۡ
ĲӣռһвվŶˮȼڱ·ܿҪˣ泤޲سңһҼңͻ
ûУЦ˶޲˼ûдӦҪȥ˼ҿǰѹϵƲøɸɾ
̿ɻһ·ҲûС
޲ˡ
޳֣һֱűӣſû֮ǰһ̿ڷǶ豭ͿһڲˮͨĲ裬ûʲôζȴþˡ
ûͬͬĿɽԼȥ
еһɲ߻ͷ·
ٰǣͣǰЦʿܶңЦǣ޲Ϲһͣ£Զ˳ʿܣɣѾˡ
Ա㡣
ŷһŷɲǰǼǿɲʶ֮ǰĴٷˡ
Ҫ˭
ǴүˣϽȥǼү
ү
ŷù۹ⶢﳤͷȴЩٰ˭֪ҵĴүǰûˣү˼үҲˡ
Ū˰ɡҼҴүѾȥˣѾϡһҲǼҵĴүһҴ˼ˣٵҴ
ûûȺūôģԼҵĴ̶ʶЦֱüͷŶãҾûϵˣʿܣǼҵĴү
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ǣһҴһſţҲ˽
ôǻҪţЦЦЦų޲̲סԵЦ˵޲֮ǰ㲻Ըؼңڿǻص˼Ҳϵˡ
޲ûгۣǰǸӵģٶȻصΪҲزļң⣬ΣǸТӡ
ʿܣȥ
ǡʿӦǣų޲룬ҪֵסѨӲˣһڣѾӭ˳˳Ʒ򸾣Һͳڳҵ˶ˡ
鼤
ζ룬һ뿪˾ˣû뵽үεһˡ
ĻˡһۣеעҲϣöûмˣ⺢ӣľͶ³Ҳ𣿡ءĶûˣϱҲûˣүʵ̫ɺˡ
Ҵûйܹҡ𲻽⡣

ô˵ˣ˼Ҿǽܲ˵ƲƲ壬ǣǳҵĳдȥģʲôȥ
ڣڻˡ
û£û£ֻҪԸֻҪǾˡֻûݺᣬûüʡ㱻ҵĴϡ
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㷢ɵĵңˣʧĶӣԭΪʧһӣ޲㡱
ġ
޲˫ϥһӲТõﵣˡ
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ƺͳһ޲𣬡˵ɵûвТԶǵĺúӡ
ۣȾʪ⡣
һ˵ؾۣٻףû˲ʶҪա
Ц𣬿תϢĴ뿪УҪˣҪԶˣ޲ҡ
ȣȡɤҲ˵ע⡣ҪȥŸЪЪţҪŸ·
𡪡޲һ𡪡
ƾǼöӼңӶˣûɶϱˣôζһ̣òһڸεˣϷٷֿˣ˻̫ķֺϣҪһδεж಻˭
ǰ˻ֽ޲ϣ޲ţüͷչҲһ
𣬼Ȼˣ㻹Ҫȥˣ⼸λǣϿתƻ⣬ʵ̫˽ˣֻҪģ˭ҲסģҪҲӲ򣬻ʵ䷴ϺͿһ˾пڡ
һ˵ȣƵ
˲裬޲лЦ
Ц򵥵ټ򵥵ĽܣЦȴһҲЦЦҲҪҵݣͷҲǸͨˣֻЦ
Ź֡
޲񣬶ȻǺݵһۡ
ǰүļӲһ·ġ
úúáⱲ͵ľˣʶԵͰﵱԼļңκд֮
ҾͲˡЦˬӦ¡
޲΢һ±ȵľ˲ûжʣֻҪţΣһ㶼Ҫ
һ·һˣλȵϢϢЦĻʿɳ׵Ŀͷ
޲𣬡ҲˣҲطЪţ£Ժеǻ˵ǵķ춼˴ɨеĶɾء
ˡȴ޲յ֣ϾҪˡ
ߣ
Ҫģ
ļңҪ¾͸˵׵ġ
Ҫؼҡļҡ
֪ˡȻҾĿɽһˣ׼˵һѾصˣǺðġ
Լȥ˵һˣ˵ѾĴˣķѾ֮⡣
һȥ޲Ҳϵı飬ЩӲҲþûмһȥ𣿡ʡ


3  16 

ˡҡͷѾܶûлؼңǺòټ㣬뿴뿪ģҿԼؼҡĻ·
ǼҪؼ
Ҳ
޲öǰʼðˣҪƲԼؼңҪٿ֪᲻죬֣϶ٻġ
ؼһˣʱ仹ٻĺ𣿡ţһ飬һµľ
ȻƵͷˡ
ӶϱŸջҪ뿪Ǳ˭Ը⣬ֻǣԸôҪߣס
޲Ǻ˵ˣʵǡ˵
𣬲ϳͣôûмһ棬ҾһҲӦãأ
һתǵġ
ת棿
˼ǣĿɽһһҲҪʱ䡱ý
áҡͷˡȶһҪˣṦģҪһգ۾ͲӰˡ
˵޲ҲƲӰġ
޲ӲǳסֲţκΣڵ䲻һˣҲǰˣòϰõ书ûˣһ˫ֲһת֣ǯƣȻͷҲص뿪ˡ
³ҵ˺ͳ޲ȻĿһƬƲʵʧǵǰ
ҴݵԸĴֶҪѾȥ˭֪һ㷴ӦûС
޲ˣҪ߾߰ɣȢ
ûİֳһۡ
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ô˵ҲǸҡ
ˣûȻȥɡһ֮ûµֻɢˣ¿ɲ̸˵صĺʱʱ仹ء
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Ϊ˸ģж۰
㲻õġ޲ҡͷԼҸԼɲ»ҪϸѾˣҲס죬ĿɽȥǸĹԽ˵ԽЩ
Ʋ߼ʣ߼ǰɡ
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ţʢĿǳ춼жࡣдЦˣЦ˵ǾĲˣеǲ١
Цӣ޲ҲѾἰˡ
ʲôһУЦûĽڵľֱ˳ң֪ʱףĺò˶Ҫһ˶ˡһϣ㾡ȻˣŮ˶ס㻹ʲôáֻûָų޲ıӴˣڿͷϢһᣬ޲ãúõ˶ˡ
үɲҴĴҿڣԷҲ뿴ֳ
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һȥ
ȷ㣿Цɲôֹۡ
ġ
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ܻ벻ᣬĿɽ֮ڱеģЦʿԸţһΣͬУ˳ңһҪֳĿɽȥѴɩһڳﳹĿǰٰѾȥ֪Ҳ̵ʱϻֳһ档
޲⼸꣬Һͳﳹ˲٣Զһ棬ֶΣǱ㹻ˣ˭Ҳٶҵ˰ëͬ飬ǿɲɵһ٣ٶķ
Ϊ˸ĸϵĿɽ޲۾Ѿ޷ֻ볤ҹܿ죬㵽Ŀɽ¡
վסվסվס˭ûһϴˡ磬ֱ벻ûų޲ϸƣǳ޲ûĻˣһΪ˵ء
𡪡
֣ǰ绹Ҫһ㣬ڣֱ˭£˭׼ûûС
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Ȼóڴ˵صľ⼸ˣ˺˾ţԲܻ˱ڣôСпܵҲֻһˣˣ˵ǿһ
ΪʲôҪǣûеѾԻŵ飬Ҳɽϵˣ֮ǰΨһĹдֽ飬ֻǣʱΪԼˣһ˵ˣôİˣҲʹġ֪ܻţٻǾԲڵʱһٵģɽ𣿡
ļңȻɽϣֻǣŸջسңڼúôţɽ¸æţûʲôʱ͡
ǱһСţ󵨵ĺܣЦԭ㿪ڵģ޲ɫôˡ
Ҳã֮ǰһֱƽ͵ĺܣܵиϲŭʲôģһֱһɲʲôȤԡ
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޷鷢Ҳ鷢
ɲ˵ֱֻӱʾ
һ㣬ұ޲ѵĮĵ
Ǿˡһʼ磬㻹ʲôҲ֪һͻؼҾֱӻǲٿˣˣݵˣǸһʲôҪͬͬɲҪ
ٶ죬ʦࡱ֪ʱֵ侲ѣģȴŨŨв˵ģ޲Ļˡתʱָֻš
ǣ޲ͷӦɳơ


3  17 

ûɣָһֻӣϵùˡ޲ʧôã֪ҵ˿ûΪģտʼС벻ء
ڣǻˣȴô׾ܻصǰġ
ҲԸҸģ޲첻ǾͺˡǰҪͬ⣬ֻҪ˾ͺˡ
ʦĸҲ̫˵ˣô׾ȥ
ʦˣʦĸвң˵˼Ұҵͷεʦͽһ˵С
ͽһۣͲŴһ㣬ʲôµﶼɲˣûʦĸ֪ʲô³ɲˣСҲøˣǸûõͽܡ
ʦɲô˵磬ҲԼûãûãʦʲôýʦĸͣһһҪҪʦĸŶûСԸͱָͽ
ʤӻԶء
Ҳǵġૣô׾С޲Żûʲô

²һ㶼ȻıŮʲôˣСҪҪ붪Ͷɲ׼
ͷβûаڳɫҳ޲۾Ҳһֱô˵һ֪ˡ
һΣġ
ɳҷţ޲˫ϥأĸ񣬡޲
ǰҪ⺢ӣúõôʲôл˵ﶼ֪Ҳǹģôء۶Ҳ֪ЩȻǳ˲ٵĿࡣ
˺ߣûӵơ
ҿû˵һһеãҪ㣬׼УûϻɷͲСء
ˡ
˾ͲúõദİɷһۣǻڣͺݺݵһҲ֪˵һھġ
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Цǳ޲ѡЦȿڣȥ޲ݣֲʲô˲ݣҪߵľͽܵģûָŶүƵȥҡײƭء
칫ӳ¶ȥݺдˣȥͷһ˵޲ˡĽ
ҡָԸıӣʦĸǲǽдˣ϶ǲȥģҲȥͷһƲܾȥֲԸĲ¡
۶һУɷһۣٽһŲԸϣĲȥģɫһһѣϿȥ𡱡Ҫ˵ͷʱùĻ
˭ͽء
..............................................................................
粻֪𣬻֪˸ڵ˾źᣬһ޲Żжˣһޱ˾ű˹˱ҲһʱСҲļǵãôһڡ
Ҳˡ
Գ޲ĵûж˵ʲô
ŵˣЩţҪ𲻻ӭϣĿɽҪسңĲ֪ôˡ
ˡ֮⣬Ǵʵ벻κεķӡ
޲Ļţ̫ˡἤĵүǳ۵ģ˿϶кñġ
ôҵˡ
ͦ󡱣˾Ų䲻ȵĵ˺üζˣȷǹˡԣ޲Ц飬ûôϣ
ҲϣԼֱǺúõģҲҪĹؿ
˵ǰⱲӵĽǵͷˡǵԵҲȷǲǳ
ͺˡĺðһӵĲˣһΪ޲ףһ飬һУĴҲʵޡ
޲⣬е˶ˣֻûԸ⡣
ǵҸ˻ǲҪĺá
£׵ˣĸҲһ
ҪһҪһӣΪ˸Ϊĸ㺢ӵʱ޵ģһһ
ҲϣŮܵõҸĳһ棬ɷ뷨һġֻǣҪʱ䣬úõ뷨ʱΪźЩʲôվһ֡
סֻ㰲ţ˼ҺҾĿշʵڲ࣬ҸûκεĿշ䣬ֻס˼ҵĿͷҲǿͷ˾Ů׼ģɲǸ׼ģӻСʱ游ĸһͬסһ䷿
޲Ƚ⣬Ǹð˾żȥסͷ
ЦסǱߣڳ޲ֵܣҺ¶˯ʱסҵķ˿ڣҲûǲļһôɽҪסûǶסҩֱΪΪϯѾǺܿҲûʲôġ
Ц⣬ҲδЦʱߴţȾô죬¶˵뿪ģ뿪ĺá
ҷֳ뷿޲һֱĬ鼫Ϊӡķ䣬ǵķ䣬ڣסڸڣܾͬס
ǰ
ʲô뷨
磬硪Զˣҽ˺üŰ˽лôˣ޲񲻼ѡ
ɫҲˣЩ˯ɣѾңɩԺʹɩ˵Ŵɩһ׵ġ粢ûд
ʹİš
Щ޲ȥǳҵһĲҲʮδȢޣҲȢޣƷһٵ굽ˣϸҸӻȴһֱڴˡСĳﳹǣԵɶ֣ϵųҵصҲҪϵɣûϺʵŮˣǶҸŮ˱㶨
û޵ϰߣ޲ǵһ⣬ȴԸ
Ȣ޾ҪޣһһԸҪȢ
ɩӾҪǲģʲôҲȥġ޲ҡͷԣ𼫲ġ
ɩµģûԸɩסͿ˵Щ𣿡
˵ô
޲Щס
뵽Цݣô˵Ҳܲ͵µ˴һ䡱
ԭ֮һȴȫԹ壬ҪˣֱǵȥסЦһסһݣˣһͬ
˵ģҲǡ
˼
޲Ҳ룬ţһжģǾͺˡ
ҹˣȴһ˯ҲޣǶϢۣһƬڰ֮У˼ȴ糣ֱ


3  18 

󼫲ԸģֻûбŶȥ泤޲۾ȻһĳҲĶٲ˵ǰɷѿˣΪ̫ˣп
ѾƹˣʲôҪȥ
ҽһϣǺԸԼͲŮ
Щ泤޲ͷβһ˫ĿȾһĨ˼˼Ƭ֮󣬲Ż˻ϣӹӵݽĲˮŴһڡ
ɷ򣬲ֹ˶ڣҲڣҲһЩһĻ
£˫Ŀɨһۣ˹ĿڣûƳ
ûƳ
ֻĸ֣
˰죬˰ĸ֣һ㽨ҲûоˣΪһзʲô

ʦⲻǶ緭˷ۣҲʦˣûûС¶ѧþúܡ
һۺɨ㶮ʲôһСĺӻָ
ʲôûƳĲŵţûƳζ޲۾ĺϣκá
Ҵ۾һϣû𣿡Ҳôġ
˵Ҳȷˣ¶Ĳ¶ۣ޲ȽϸӣĿǰΪֹȷûƳʲô۾ãδܵκ˺ⲡģʲôģͲö֪ˣƳʲôˣŮһۡ
ҡףûС
Ͻֻͬͣ౧һ˿ϣˣڣϣҲˡ
ЩأϹҲһ޷ټһôʹ顣
޲㲻Լ𣿡ĵĵ㲻ǿԿδǾδΣ˵תҲδء
ǰ˵ֻʱġ
޲ҡͷȻעˣԵɣҲ۾Ƿٿ֪̫ںˣѾģԼδһһһһӡû֪ûÿһ̤ʵЩ
һĻҵĵһ̵ĵȴĳ֮⡣
ᷳǱɱʹࡣ
˿ȥδ٣ԹߣִԹ壬ܿ鿴壬˷Ų
һԵɲԵ
ǲˡҽС˵һֱɲںֻǣ˵£ȴδķ¡
޷ҽεĲ֢ǻһоһͬҲûʱ滼ҽΣϵ¶ǲʹͣµġ
Ľʵ߳޲ʱİ췢һǰôء
ôΪĻء
䣬Ҳһı仯
ǣЩģֻ˵Ļ
ӾôЩҲûжı仯Ǻӣʲô²ó˵£ֻϲĲֻǱ̵ûкûְ֮ˣΪЩѡ
޲֪
ȻˣͺúõסЩӣǲзӡ֮ǰѪ˿ϾһǱ뱧ϣŻϣ񲻺ڰˡ
޲мڣųĵĻҲûԼϣôĲڰ֮С
................................................................................
ĿɽˣЦвסӲŲ鲻Ը磬ɽɽ£Ŀ֮һΪȰϰ£ǿų޲ʲôͲؾˣȻǳģ˺ûᣬǰ׳ղŻŹˡ
ѾϹˣҲٸȥε㰮ģԼȥҡҲٵ͡
ƾʲôŸɵ˵ܡ
Сֵܣô˵ͼˡ治ɰʦʦĸûô㵹ˣ
緭˷ۣȥʦʦĸ㰡ҲһʦʦĸͬĻ
СӿǺۡЦƢĲһ㺢û˵һ仰µӷ㵹ǷҪʦʦĸǲТӡϸñ𷣣ҷ̸̸СǷ̡ܽ
ٲ̣Ǿʦ֮ˡ
ܱáҪ˵ҲˣҪ棬Ҫεϳȥųе㵽εαܵɽ˱Ͳ࣬ƾʲô֧ʹ
޲ɷʦʦĸ
ƨͲˡ
˭˵ͲˣҪ治ǣҪĲϳ޲ˣסšжԶ϶Զȥˡ
ʦĸĴȡСЩЩ
֪ͺáЦĹЦʿֱܿƲͷЦˣԼһо仰ǲò˵泤˵Ȼãټ
ӣЩ벻Ҫڳ﹫ǰ˵ǰҪֻܳƹӣʿΨ
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磬ǡɾ˵еһûл
Цһ֣繴ҧ䣬ҲʮҲԸСӣҾ㣬Ҫٺ˵˵һʦࡱ
ҡ
βԡ
ԾԡΪŴģɾһʹѿЦ룬ڳ̡˭˭໹֪ءϺʦʹݵḶ̌ѧǸЦ
ȤЦٶȴЦǾͲˡͷҲЩֻӱǿԶǰӵĵӣһԣʿܣһ𣬺СӶԶ󡱡
һۣ㻹ҪҪ
ȻҪҪһ䣬


3  19 

Ұܣ
ЦʿҲĶ֣󲻵òЦļһϣԲĶ֣ɼСС͵Ϊȷǹˣ䲻ʦҲСɡ
Цռƣڰܵöҡ
ͣϾʵս̫٣ƽʱУǱһ
ò׿Դˣǹòˡ
ôʶү˰ɡһ⣬β;ˣһҲ֪ǫôд
ǵģЦˡ
Ĳ书иңԶδ͢ʲôʱ֮ʣСС;֮ͣʱݽȻǲڻ¡СӵԽҲÿ죬ЦȷãһԲͷ֤
á
ĳ͵Цû뵽һˣһջֻҪ˵磬ʱس͢ľ˲ţҲһЦġ
ЦǳģǴ˲š
ֻϧ˾źͶΣҲ벻ȻĻ͢ȶˣλЩ壬ʲôѱ䰡Բ
Цıü죬Ҳûʧߵʧ⡣
ǰһĹ˵үûȤȥ״Ԫôõ书óǰˡ
ŰˡһۣһԶԶģΪǿ壬ֲΪ˱ģﵽʲôĪĺܣĪв
㿼ǿǣȻξҲǿԵģҿ˸ټ׼һӪйٿˬ졣
вС绹ûüش𣬲֪ð±㳶ֱֳŲῼ״ԪҲȥξҪȥԼȥСѾͷɲǰ¶ֳֻ֪롣
סúúõģһ˿ĵĹһӶáΪʲôҪȥ״ԪΪʲôҪȥξ
Ų뵱ء
ƼûСӵã˵㡱
õĸ磬һжõġ
һֳôһ˵¿ɸˣСЦһСѾͷš
ô·ɱҧˣ˲ͬôҲ˲ͬ˶뵱ٵ
ƫľǲһ
ƣȨģҪʲôȥǡ
ͷۡ
Ĳˣд˲ܣôƽ׵˷ѡ
˷Ѿ˷ѣ˭˵˷ѣҲ˷ѣ˸Ҳ˷ѡ

˾ź󰡣һʹ
Ѿͷڳĺܣôˣ̫⣬Ҿֱӻһ¶ɡɰ
ʮ̫꣬СЩȻҲһˡ
Ҹһ㶼족Ǻ˹ֵֹģĪĺܣŲҪأ磬ǽȥ޲Ѿˡ
˹ʲô£ָָԸıӡ
Ȼ°ɽȥˣֻʣһˣȥӦǲС
ֲСӣʲôӦġôһ󴮣ԸӦԸͳˡҪɾ¶Сˣ¶ԣǣ߸磬ƼûУ
ûС¶ҡͷ˵ˣҪϲųûг֮ǰ˶ܽȥš
Цϱ齩Ӳһ˵ûûˣǰôһһɶˣ
øҲи޶Ȱɡ
СѾͷ᲻ֳ̫ЩԼǸء
磬Ĳ˵Ļ¶һҿչ¶㹦֮ʱûΪе
ಡ
ã˫ŭĿɨ
ٲ죬Ҿ߷족һС˵ˣ粻ȥ˻
Ұ㡱˳ĵ飬ûأһԡ
һκֱЦĶҲЦˡǰ컹С˶ôСһ㡣
˭̻
ǲܵģҲܵģΨǰס
ЦУһĨ˼ͰգǲǶһСѾͷ̫ˣ޲϶ԵӨŮǣһ
һӨЦϵıɷẦˣһŤ
ɣɣ÷ˡ
ȻһӻĻˡ
...............................................................................
һСģ޲Ц֣޲΢΢һץŲš
Ƭ֮󣬲ҡͷ֡
ү㻹ҡֻгֵܺЦ޲δֱЦ
ô˵Ц˳ʡ
ʲôرĵ𣿡
ģ
ͷЦţðβҡͷ벻춼ܿģʱʱϿĵ¶
δҿֽ֡
֣
ڲ˵޲Īҡͷһ˵£ôδֻʣһ֣иѡᡱ
ѡ᣿
ôʲôأЦֱë˵޲ܸܲɴ࣬ϲ²µĻ˵ġ
ȷ
޲ʧЦ᲻ǱŲϲµĲ֪Դ͸ѧʱصİԼָٶҲá
үһұ㣬клûκǿһ˳޲˵ģõһЩıҪʧȥһЩڵʧ֮εµˣõ࣬᲻µֻʧȥࡣ
Цɫһ֪޲ǿЦ仰ģһ
Ҳһ֮ǰʧȥֻ̫࣬õ
лүԡҲϣ
ҩ˺Щ죬֮Ͳٽҩ֪ҽڿţúרġ
Ŀܿ޲ߣһֻǾţרģһȥһʱͲһŵ԰Ȼߣи˵Ļᡣ
ţ˵¿ֻʱ޶ȵӳӳ൱Ѱġ
ֻҪһ뵽İ˾Լߣĺ;úˡ
˫Ŀӿãмɻ롣
ңֻʧˣʧȥеļ䣬һɱˡ
ûбҵˡ
ֱʱ䣬ˣĿǰֱӴרעҲľ𱻳ѵ񣬹˵ġ
ܲİıŮ
Ǳɱʹࡣ
ңȰ޲ɡĿ˿ңҵͷǰֳĲŵǰֽŮеҽߣϵ˫΢ŭۣרģ񣬲۵׵գŭɢ١

óһ̾ϢΣҲˣһȥԷ˵ٿȥ߻ħˡ
֪⺢ӵ˭


3  20 

ҸŮԹٵķӣЧã޲۾ɰ˿ҲƲ
ˡ
ͬһһ˻зҲ˵⣬ֻһϣδػʵ֡޲̬Ѿƽͣ񵱳һļȣߵΪ۾ŬԸԼ޷ָ
ҪҪΪ鱼ˣעǾɡڣеҪٶȳɷ򣬱ָҲΪ˶Ŭš
Ҳټ޸ɡ
һ仰ֽ޲ޱߵ˽ñʯͷӲհ׵Դһ˿뷨ҲðŻعѾߡ
ΣԹ߿ǵһ㶼ɣתĿɽҲһˣһµĽŲ죬ȫŴ۾Ӵ綼ˣӻȴµĳͻ
磬㲻Ҫ̫ʧȻɩҲ޸ɣǾ˵һټ޸ɾˡ
ǰû
˵Ҳô򵥡
ֻǣô
ִܹ
ŴϻȴɩӵĹִ
û޲ͷϣҲҲɣǹִһֱִȥǲ˾ᡣ
磬ܴɩǲҪٳΪҵˣ㶼뷨ӡϲˣɩٲͬ⣬ֻһζĴĿɽлسҵӣֲ㳤õĵţһ˼Ļ֮١
ǳġ
òһǰģαٷ¶ء
޲ֻǵͷóȥЪţҪһ˺úõľһ
ǰѾҪƤĲҲҪͷӦȴֲĿǿ£ǳȷǲκǿȵġ
ԼԸ򣬲˭ʲôֶΣ֮κεá
ӣһֱߡ
ٶȿġ
ĸܵİ
ĸԸߣٶȳΪޡ
һҹߣ޲Ѿϰˣһ磬ù֮óҷݣҪúõ̸һ̸
˽⣬˵𣬲ʲôӡ
ȴˣֶΣǶһ㶼ƽ
ڣֻȴ޷ٽĪ顣
л˵ɡ
ҵǰһģҶȥ֮⣬ϣһжǰһ
ھڣδҲδȥͲһ˵ΪʲôҪߣ
Ϊ˸õĳͷҡУĿɬֻߣſԶΪΪҲκԹԵġ
ͷ
õĴۣһ˻ĺǷѵǸˣһ㶼ȴһһε޴˲Ҳ̶á
ʲô£㶼Թԣ
ǡصĵͷϵɫֵأǿЦģ˵еĻֻҪţͻӡ
ҲԸ⣿
Ը⡱ԥš
Ѿüصˣľ֮һȵģҪкѡ
ңģ㲻ΪƣҲȥΪûҪװ׵ȥ
Щ΢ʣȴδǣ޵Ҫ
һ㣬š
ʹ֪ǴĶġ
áΣ˫ֱںȻô˵ˣҲûɾܾһѵҩˣûɷŹҪϺúõϸһαصģҪ뿪Ըٴߣ㲻аֵǿ
Ҳᡱ⻰صøӵĿɬصøӵĿڲģٷ뿪ֻǣţҲסòš
ǺãԺҩ

ԣҩ
޲˫ĿգգΪ˼ɡѾͬⲻΪ۾˷ʱ𣿼ȻˣҪʲôҩ۾֮⣬ںõĺܣһ㲡ҲûС
ֻҪúţٻ˾ͳɡ
𡪡֪ΪΣЩҪʲôҩҪôĶ֪
ҲֻܵͿ
ҩﻹвٵҩԺ˵ĴҩгɵķӣҪҩץЩСҩԣġԸҩˣһܵõõĹ̷ӦǻһĸԸҩˣһоͲһˡ
Ҫƣ޲ɵʲô
................................................................................
ʲôҩˣҲ˲ʲô磬˲ɣҪɩҩ𣿺ò׼ҲҪ𣿡
ңҽҩҲµġš
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иһģ֮ǰɩûаѴȻڲҲ޷κô۾𣿡ɩֻһ·ҪñķӣֹܴɩҪҩˣɡǿ׳纮Ҳѵһأӣ֪ö١
һۣѵܹˡ
ȻѪģҲûбжҲˣԹţУ£޹ء
һˣô޹أɩľϷ
ü΢΢һЦΪʲôҪ֮ǰУҲûˡҩҵˣеϳҲ
𡪡޲ֹңˣףǴ֮£Լ
ǣ硪һл˵
ңΪֹ𣿡
ֳô˵ˣһΣֻñһҪĿֳȥɱܣ¿ɲʲô¶Ҫһ٣ٶȥɩҽͣһµġ룬ҰοĻ
ƽʱɩȷҽѣֻǣβͬɩǿû³أҪһȫڴϣҲʣˡ
ôҲҪ˽̡ǺţҲǳ޲Ը˵£һתų޲˫ۣһ仰ȸ˵˰ɡҲûʲôġ
ʲô޲һ
Ⱳӣһξ͹ˣҲлᶪҡ
ˡ
޸Żᱻݣ޸Զᱻݡ
𡪡һ޲ԸԼҲˣûⷬãֻҪˣһж㡱ⱲӣҲеڶдĻᣬֻҪ߾ͺãֻҪ߾ͺá

3  21 

˶⣬ΪλҪ󣬸ⳤ޲ΪλӦ
κֻ֪ˣ˵ʲôͽȻ˾䣬ʲôص֮ǰվһ£޲ɲһˡ

ʲôصĺ֪ĺܡ
޲äв㣬ҪҲҪһҩˣҪҩԣЩ죬޲ҲԹζҩżȫ飬żʧȥ֪żʹһҩ¿ɽٶĵҩѾһôûˣҪĿࡣ
ţһԿŵ˸࣬Ҳûץǳ޲һٵûû£˾Ҫץˡ
ʿǣԸҪиһλؾּӳȴ޷ӣʱʲôȥϡ
ЦǼȻĺܣðɣѾ˵Լͣǲó޲׵ȥҪڻ˳޲òٻ壬ģҲͲˡ
ңȻؼҸߵһסߣʱһڵǡ
ǣ硪ԥôߵÿء
ģҲµġ
Ĳ𣿳ΪɩҲѾ벻ˣɩѾˣҲˣҪɩһʱǲܵġҪôܡ
ҧҧ䲻ԸȴҲֳֻǸԹߣ޷κεΪ
Ȼô˵ұȻؼбƽ
޲ͷһٶڣңؼ֮ҲٹˣϣڼлæΪҪô˸ǰҵΣҲ
ֵܣҲӵвͬ
Уһġ£ҿɲֳ磬ҿɲһμҪȥЦͰѴھ˵һҲû˳͢ˣš
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ҵձ̻سң̲ԶԳҵĽܿͿԵִ޲ҽЦһߣκЦȴ˸Ƶ²ţһ֮²һ
²ż˶ϡ˻ժ仨ȣôǰ
һţܲңûЦϣЦϣǿǺܾӵȭֵš
磬̫ˡЦǱֲҪ¶ʲôһʦҲͰˣͽܣͲȥˡ
һȺĵˣǿ׼ְˣǺͳ޲һ㣬ǵͻ¶һ㡣
ûеͳ޲ԽΪޣ¶Ͳɰ
绤ãﷴԡ
ٿ¶һҴȡݺݵ˵¶Сֻ뿿¶һ
һ۶׼
ҾҪֹҪԺҲҪҪùģûšʶЦĻ˭֪ӣûаѵظĥƽˣĲݡ
ߣ޳ܡһţ߷һһȭһһȭٴһһţֵЦˡжԶԶȥһţЦ߷ɡ
һᣬЦŶܻ
Ǵĳ棬ǳ޲ἰݣǲ鷳Ц¾Ҫɽˡ
ܵͷҩȥţ𡪡쿪ţҪ㶫
ڣһƬһ֮󣬲˰Ŵ򿪡
̧ͷ磬ʲô£
ûһֿҩңңҪЦʲôζʡѧԡ
Ц
Գٲ֮ǰȷЦйص£¶ˡ¶ʮͣɽвҲͶףǶ˲¶
ֻЦˣ¶δϲǡ
¶ϲ¶ǰǰҲϲ
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˵ʦԼŪҩˡ
ãҸ㡱תʼҩҩ֮еĳ޲ΰվʲǵĽ̸һ⣬𡪡ỽЦүҪǳʲô⣬ϲ׷ʣϿɹȥ
֮ǻһ׷ġ
һۣ޷ǻúܸɾκ̽Ѱĺۼ

ݡ
ô˵ЦҲľˡ
Ҳ˼һ̾޲̾ϰˣԺĲ֪Ҳһֱ̾ȥ˶֪үһٰһֱûлȥѰˣʱҲҪˡ
Ǿ͸Ҳûп˰򵥡
ûȷǿô˵ǰǳ޲ҪǸƽƽĳˣκǡ
ǻҪҿүںδأѯʡ
ҪѰˣͦӣȴǰͣ£㲻˵𣿡˵ѡ
޲ҡͷûбҪ˵ѡ̧˫Ŀֱڵλã˵ѻ𣿡
Ȼ롣
⻹
ðɣһһҩٷŪһ飬һΣֻЩ˵ġֻҪЦŻؾǾûˡ
ǲС
ΪʲôУʼͷˣҲУҲеġ
ҪİЦĥ˾ǻǺģʱ򡪡µĻδڣȫƾԼ
˵ЦǺģŻ
û˵
޲ĬʱǴĲҪͼԼŭƢûкõΪΪ
ˣ
𡪡ֻϹ˻ûƣЦֻ¶δҪ¶˵¶ҲСҪ಻ô磬ŪŪҲͰˣҪĻ˸顱
ʲô飿
Цֺĸ飬ЦӲҪ׽ߣЦǴĳ棬ôŪǻӲ¶ǰ󣬶¶ǲ
ȷ
¶ȷ¶С˲࣬Цôģ¶ȢؼңǰҲһá
¶᳤󣬻ᶮ£ҲͰˣһʱͿһӵʹ
ðɣЦ̸̸Ҫ¶⣬Ҳ¶ʮд㣬ٰ֣߱ǡ

ǡ
ϵҩһۣŴϧૣò׿óõĻûˣȻģ´ĶȳЩĵų޲
ƫ۾ǿŭ⣬оõ
𲻸ء
ңûԵҪһҪЦȥ


3  22 

ʲôЦⱲûôô£ɱ˻Ƿ˻Ϊʲô˶ѷļǶ׼ҲǸ˺òáƾʲôҲУٲƽҲƫĳģ

޲漴ᵽ˵ʲôҡͷЦүˣǲһ
ĲһˣЦɲҲСö꣬㳤ҵǷ˺ͷ£ǶһԷޡ

ǺֻۣϧⱲӻ֪ܲĸζֻҪһ㹻
ȻҲϣĸֿԳ档
Ȼһʱ˵ᣬȴҲĸԸڳңߡ¶ȴȻ
СѾͷɶЦԶԶģһЦͶ㣬ϰˡ
Цǵʡļ˼ңҪһ죬¶ٺڿɾˡ
ߡЦ˵ֱߺߣǲһΣͬͬͳ޲ͬŽһ⣬¶ɲǸһ㣬֪ĸ
Ҳͬ鳤޲Ҫǿɲһ¡
ү¶⣬ȵ¶ʮ֮Ŀɽ˫⣬ɽΪżֻԹżһԣʹһ
ȥȥȥҪ¶ʮ˵Ҿ͸㲻ˡЦҪץˣΪʲôҾͲʮҲСˣٹҲˡвٵطϰʮˣʮ˵Ӷˣ˵ЩţΪԸĺӣҪúȡġ
˵
޲ŷ֣ЦģѹκεĽԣͲ֪粻ĸ¶Ըǻٶ˼Ҳͽ
үͲʹЩֶԸ㣬ʱ㣬ҲסˡͣЦҲ֪һ
Цֱҧ
޲ųҲµģ˵ء
֣Ķһ㣬ֱֱĶ޲ȥе侲ȫ
ʱĸĺܡ
Цүֱȡ֣ʲôҲҺ֮£¶ĹϵǿǾ˵¡Ҫἰڵ˼Ҳܹһţǲ֪ôĺܣһ˵ЩûƫƫĶҡģҲӵģЦԲȡЦһʲôҪ׽Ū㣬һ仰Ҳ˵յýģЦǻҲ޹ء
Ҳ²ؼ߸߹
ˡ
ôЦ¶һ飬Ǹճ޲ˣðɣ֪޲ĺƢûûСлֱ˵
ƫƫһѨޡ
ɶ𵽵аĶ⣬ͣ԰һôõһ˵ģ
֪жభۡ
ʲô˺ˣˣ¶ҲܲƶĿɽƽ¶ҲɽĪˣҲõ¶ᱻߣҽķڶ
꣬¶Ȣȥ
Ȼˣʲôʱؾǰ
ˣ
һҲ˵޲ɲҪ̫ݰ뾩֮ǰϿɽҵðõͻȥ㲻ȥҸҪȥʲôڣóã˷ѡ
»ϻǲϳ֪һʱٻȥҲ٣үЩؾ
ˡ
ЦֱֻۣʱŻүүĽ˾ЦЦĽСðȻ϶˻ϵּ⣬ɽһˣһͻؾȥûּٳ޲ؾ
Ҫأɲһ˻ء
޲һء
ƾʲô޲ԺİŮһͲأûü¶úõء
գЦɽһˣ㷵ˡ
ܹ֮ûٶ¶֣ʲôʲôʲôҲΪԵòЦ
ˣ
񡱡һۣȷ߰˷֣Цˬûа㲡ܳܺ˯ܵʲô
ǷհպͿˡ粻ţп϶թ
޲̸ˣ˵ľ仰˵ȥˡģѲ⣬һǣһָ̣ʲôء
޲ܸ˵ʲô㻹Щҩҷšб޻ҪЦһʹֶΣҲиӦ
̧ͷ磬ֱʶ̿ˮ
𣿡ñ紵ˡ
ء
ʲôʱҲôˣֲ˾ţǼһרʲôʱ򴫸ˡ
¡
˵ᣬᣬҲá޲Ǹ֮ˣ
ȻӲͷƤţѡѵ𣿡֮ǰĲ
Ů˵ﲻ֪װЩʲôô죬ô֪ʲôʲô
Ҫı뷨ҲȸһҲи׼
Բԡ
޲ڿҩˣһûʲô̫ôҩʲôãʱԻһһһһôɡ
޲ɷĪǣ࿴ˡ
ء
ô죿
СƲ
޲ãҲҵҩˡ򵥵һ仰Щ׸ԣˣֵõȥ˵ĵġ
Ҫ˵˵˵Ҫ˵Ҳ˵ЩĻ
Ǹҩˡ
Ҳҵҩˡ޸ɡ
һͽܣýһʦ㣬¶ҲûһãͲ𣿡޷޲ƽ޲ͣôЦָ֧ɽƭƭȵġ
ȷ
һͬ
һֱƭƭȵġ
Ǹҩ
һΣûԥеҩݸ磬ãҪó£ҿɲᡱǻԼ
緭˷ۣ֪ô˵
ǣ⣬ԸܳˡٲȻҲʦңʦҲкͣٲȻʦĸֻҪʦĸʦ𣬶ԸöŲء
ҩĵɴˣܰЦǿģòصúúõģЦһ쵽¶һ涼š
¶ǸأͰ͵ˣŮ˾ߣƲˣһô˵ȻԺҲȥˡ
ߣЦĴҪ㣬Ҳҡһ뵽ղŵ绹Щ£޲ǺεºܣˡʹǸҩˡҲ˽ܲ˵ġ
ݣպǰͷЦҪɽȥǰģվסһһ㣬ֱǰգ֮ǰڼǰ


3  23 

кָ̡ЦͣòʲԸҲָܰڳʲôɫδĴӣǵŵ㣬¶ԺˣֻСҲ̫֪ôˣûаȢؼҾԣԺ¶ȢؼңҪ¡
Ϊʲôɽ£µģǲǸøȥˡ׳԰׺ҲˣƫҪ˷
ЦЦЦ̧ͷİɣ˼죬ҾҪ뿪ˡǰǣлģﻹµġ

˭ϸСѾͷõ˼ҳأδζ֪Ļ̵̻Ļǰҽġ
ģֱЦ
û
ǾͺãǾͺáȻ죬ҪˣҲЦ鷳ʡ̫Ҫˣɾ鷳ˡ
Цļ֮һ֮£ԺúõĿɽĻԽԽʢʱϢˡ
ϵʥּ͵Ŀɽɽµ˺Щʱ򣬲ȥּ˴ɽɽ˵ȻЦ¡
һ糾͵Ĺǻߵˣһּʥּ޲ּ
ʥּ
̤͢Ŀɽ̤ҾѾǲּǳüʱ˺ǸּĹЦһ˵ȡ
ǵú£˻Żͻˣƫƫһ鷳̫徲ˣҪô£ǼȵĲ
ˣҪٶ˵ʲô޲ּ˵һ䣬ƫʱ򻰶࣬סɷҲƳ޲ɫԾɼҲûϵдһ⣬Һúõģϵʥּôµ
ҪּҲϳȥ
£Һ޲ûʲôϵֻ޲֮ޣãѾκιϵĪǻôˣеĵ
⣬ЦɫҲ֡
ôˡ
޲ּʿܷţ޲¹
ʿܺЦһɻҲ¹ЦȭˣжԶվöԶ͵ǲڣҲ
Ҫ£޲ٻؾּ
ʥּϾô򵥵ۣҲû˵ʲô£ΪҪļС޲üͷʼδչʥּģ治ʱһ֮УһϰĴڶްų⣬ҩδͬһ֮⣬ģ֮ǰ޼
Ϊʹ˿һһĲķȥ˭ϵĻϱһּ
Ŀһԡ
㿴ʲôЦƲͷҲȫôҲûеɲǸԵˡ
Ų
Цƴ˵Լ
ү޲㣬ˣ޲ǸϹӣʲôҲ⵭ЦĻŻŵġ
Ī֪ʲô
ҿɲ˼ЦɲС޲˫ۿͣҲǳƥеġ
ʲô˼ҲΨЦһıˣҲϲƽļң볯ָ͢ӵĻմϹϵЦҰĿɽⱲӾͱٿ¶벽ڣһá

ЦϵıȫӲֹǱ飬ҪӲˡ
㡪˵ʲô
ŲҪظһΡĺܣȻһ
ƽعЦʼ۴ˣµ˾ˣɱ磬˵Ҫ¶˵ⱲӾ޷¶ˣƫƫ¶ֵϲ㣬㳤̵ĽиͣǰȫôԹңһֱɽϣôô֪ҲϣдŰһи֮ϵġ
ּЦһۣлҲԣ˭˼ǻǰĴˣΪү
ˣˡ
үô˵ô˵ɡ
㣬ѵйɡ
ô֪
㵹ùٷҲûã߳޲ʱԣǧ򲻸ðĿɽǸȾҲֻг޲Ц˲ŰһȥҪɾ졣
޲鷳ǿɲᡣ
һңˣĻѾϰߣǿɲΪĪɷǵðҲɡ
ĲˡٲžҪˡ
ǵˡ
ɻ
޲Ҳ˵Ҳ룬ҲһЦ۽УȻǷһԣԹԷĿˮ뷨һ޲Ƶĺôļˡ
ƣŹĲģһʱһʱЦЦ̫ˣ뾩֮ǰഽϽŵӦʣҪʱھǣֻڱҪ֮ʱΪ֮á
ŻϲҪʱʱӢ֪Σ㿴ۣҲ֮١
ЦЩҲסˣôǸƳġ
Ͽûйȥѹء
ܹΣ˵˵ɣ϶ּˣѵĸҿּ񡱡
Ҫֹּ˳޲µĻҵҩˣҪˣҲþҵͬ⡱


Цûаֻ۾ɳ𵽵ûиԼݰҪǻһˣѲġ
Ѿּˡ˾ͱȥ
ǻҪ˻ؾҪ˻ؾ
ЦȻ̧ͷֱ˵⻰ʲô˼ɱ˳޲ǿɲУ޲δʽܷ⣬ȴҲǻ϶ˣɱûĨӡ
ǻϵ¡θɣ޲ĸԸҵҩˣǻ˭Ҳֶϣ֮ңػϺ¡

ˣǡ
޲һؾ𣿲ûУһһл¡
㲻ôġ
˵أ
ǣô顣
̹Цƿڣˡ
𡱡һԵĳԽԽľ˵ȥɾͽֲˣ˭ûκκô޲Ĵǲ٣ȴҲ£ڳУɣȻּ޲һҪȥ򣬻Ǿ͵òʧˡʱǺĪ
ģǲء
족һۣԹԱ죬ɱ˻Ҫ¡
޲λؾּȥɣЦҲһߣ֪㻹ţҲ͹ˡ٣вǰź
ߣ
ֻ
޲˽л˴λؾ޲֪Ϊ£ȴҲ֪һһضỨʱ䣬޲ѾӦΪҩˣ;ҩ˿ǿô죿
֮ܶԶ֮ǷŲ¾ˡ
Ǻ֪֮ˣȻͷȻһϾɡ
ʲô
Ĵ˻һŮͬʱɴۣģ˵ʲôôԸһϾ·϶࣬ҪҩǰûһԣΪȱͲˡ
˵


3  24 

޲˵ֻ޲ȥڲ޲һͬǰȥ޲Ҳиɿǰһͬϸĸ֮ϣڵѾɼȻǼԸֵɼ
ûкúõദ飬δʵУ£ȴҪЩʱϻؾǣϽ飬ٻǰǰҲ֪Ҫʱ䡣
˵ϵʲô齻ʥּһδᣬĲ֪кִ°
ǰϼ£ǿɲ
˵ĻֱжԶԶ黹δ֮ǰƲδһС̬ȣ֪ĺܣŲԸϾȥء
ǵط̫֣˵̫࣬Ų˶ĵط
Ҳ£ȻѾɼʵʵ˵֪ϣûɡ
޲˵ҲЩɼһβ޲ٽһ˾ǡ
ǲŸջáȥۣӷ
ڼҲôţֻ޲ʱ̿ķӦ㲻Ǻ֪޲ôʰ𣿡
ǰ
ȷ룬ֻǣ˷ôʱ䣬һ
¸ȷֻҪų޲һʱ֮ڣһһҪװ˷ʱ䡣
пǲԸڿЦʱͻȻһ⣬һ򣬡ðҾȥˡ

˴󾪣ͼȰ˵ĳҲûϵôʹӦҪ泤޲һͬȥҪúõķһ࣬Ҳһ޲ȥء
һϲ޲ĵΪˣĺܣҲֻĴȲſһֱԸ
˱ˣտʼƺãһʱ֮󣬱ض⣬ıı䣬ıԼĸԸȥȥ䣬ǻ˱˵ǿƣֻ£ʵ䷴ɡ
񡪡񡪡˵ʲôͶΪԼˡ
ˡȷ
Сһŭֱð޲ܻٻأȥʲôûʲôϵһҩˣʱɼɶ
ҿɲΪ˸ȥӦʵģΪ˸һָЦһĴΪдһԡ
ЦĶˣòһ·ôɡ
ˣһҪһȻûлصûüϻּͱɺ޵Ů˸ĥˡ
Ҳֻг޲ĸԸĥ֮ء
Ǽ
...............................................................................
ʥּ£ʵ·϶е飬׼һ˱ˡ
ĿɽЦ˸лؾʿͬ޲ͬУĻһ
ãǧֻͻ׷һ㡣

ٸϣҲһµʱ䣬޲˫ʧʵ಻㣬޲סڹȻҲһͬ빬סһΣ޲ûбҪȥš
һҪס޲΢ȣΪʲôﲻ𣿡һжǱȶõ׼˵ȴԼЩգǾò
ǡǲã»ʲôطǺõģкöͽֻϲˣʹǸҲϲ㲻ĿɽڣҲҪ
ʹơ
ֻг޲УûУУÿһγıҪ볤޲һ鲻ʱ䣬Ͳܳȥ
ǿʹṦʹ챣ӲҪѲӵĴ֣һѷӿṦٺãҲһӵùǵļҩٶ࣬Ҳ಻ʹˡ
ûкĵʹ׼Ҫҩ
ãǾȥסûԥշµİҪٶȱ
áססڹͿˣȥһҵõסĵطҲᳵ·
СôУòһͬǣǶõĻᣬҪһֿһڻʹڣһ֮ڣǰһҲĲ㣬룬һͬȥ
̬ȣѵõǿӲ
һۣĬƬ̣ſڣ㡱
ʿֽһ͵ЦҲӭѿͷ׼ﻹֱԹүۡ
ûðҲҪɷһͣҲ룬ꡣ
ҪδӣӢŵ׷˼
ʲô塣
װ׵޲ʿܷţʥΪһҪ񣬱һ뾩ҪʥЩʱٶ빬
ϣд²һعٳǰ޲״Ʋһ䣬ȴЦĶ
Ҳϣд½޲ֻǣµĽ鶨ʲô
˼ΪǴ£ΪҪ˭
һʧǧźġ
֪һ
˹ֱʥų޲ѾعһصӴȴٳٲ𣬳޲һλֳ˹ֻ
Ƕλ޲عĹȤλķԳ͢µıء
԰У޲äûرĸŴܲվģó޲վš
ǳ֮Ǳ衣
޲ʽܷ⣬УͲҪʱʱ糯Ĳ֮лûм֪޲ˣļһԲܣҲ꣬˱⡣
ոѼͣȴ˵˴ٻس޲ԭɣ޲ֻԼڡ
ϣ֪޲Ϊ£ǧҪΪЦĽԣĻЦ
һڣų޲Ŀ˹Ŀεģֻϧһ˫ۣƵüжá
˵һλ㻹һλ棿
桱м𣿶Ѿ˹
ʲôˣ´ʵ
޲ӣض̧ͷ죬ʲ죬ˡĿǰ
ˣһü⵹ˣһҵģΪˣɡ
ǵġ޲ͷҪĻʲôԸ޲ҩˣǻϼ٣޲ҩء
ҩ
ԣϿǱɫѾͷ֪ݣҩҪиһһ֮ġǿɲɣ޲Цòˣǰѵһء
и⡣
ûϹˣ޲ȫĺܣֻҽҩ֮޲һҲûС
ȻмḶֱ́Ӻӡ


3  25 

У޲ͬ⡱žһʵ۵ֺһ£ҲǲĵַۣҪҩΪҩҩԣ򣬺ԣҩԣҩĺ޷ȫգҪиһ˭Ҫȥ
Ϊӣȴһ㽻ҲûС
϶ˣġ
ĻǼٵģ˵׼ǲ׼ϵĻǱ컹˭˸Ҷ˵֡
޲Ȼ
˽һ㿼ǽȥǽάȣϵĵǣָм֮⣬ʵ޷ͬϵ
ǲ׼Ҫص֮С
˵
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ʵ۵ۡ
ǸѲѾͷ
㵹ĺܡ


3  26 

֮λ޴ǡ
𲢲ΪԼ˵ʲôݵĻڻʵǰ˵ٻǱ۾ã˵ٻеĻģȴ֮˵ǵӣҲ˿ġ
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˭֪ʵ۲ҲΪĻ˻֣޷ͣĺܣЩҲܱȲĺãɡһһֱδһЦЦ޲һͬǰ¹ҪʲôȥãһҪ޲ȫ޻ǴϢ

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ҪһǻϢǿҪԲ˶ߡ
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һͬϹ¹ȥˣһھǵǻ޲ûüڣ¸ţֱӶĿڡ

޲Ц֣ԵЩ𣬾͵ߴ·һ˾Ǻ𣿡
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ͦ˵ģ˼Ƭ̣˵ͷҲãҾһ˰ɡ
áǻϲ֮飬˳޲ҲزסԸϵЦգЦ˳һǰۡ
ƲԣЦøˡ
Ըܵõԣſ
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...............................................................................
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޲жʿźţ·˵ʳŮ㣬𣬲Ҫκε顣
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һֱͣĸ·൱ҿġǰͷǣ޷Ե˵ͣͣ˵ϢϢ
𡪡죬˵һ仰޲Щģ˯𣿡Ǹˣһ·ϣǵЩʲô˸ģᾡĿ
ΪԣŸеҪ


3  27 

𡪡
ûӦ޲ѾټȥܸܵѾƵϣеĸܵ
һڿˣԸʲôطҲ˵ĻǴļ˶Ĳᡣ
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˵㡱޲ҽԸؿڣⲻϢˣٻ㣬ڣúõϢһ£⣬ɫǼµȴҲһȤ㲻ôΪ𣿡
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ЦĻŸ䣬ݺݵͬ˹
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ˣжԶԶ˰ɡҲ˴Զһ㣬ѵ߷˲ɡ
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ʿܺһϣĬƬ̺ٶȿڣҳ̸̸ʶôǵġ

Цɲұ᳤֤޲ǲƽʱĳ޲ֻҪһ𣬾͸˸Ƶģ϶һ˵οأһĲһ϶޲һ뷽跨İ¶жԶƶԶ
˵ˣͲʶôһ
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ʿܾúܲ˼飬֪˵ĶţôôʱԴ˶ֵġ
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ʿܡ޲֣š
ǡ
֪ΪǧټƵ𣿡

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ףֻһˣֻҪҵߣȴҪҺֿ˵飬Ҹͬ𣿡
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ˣʿܶˣֻǣŭǲƽϢЩģһͷʧ£ǿϲ׼
İɣеʱǲ˵ģҪˣǲġͷͷϣӭһ磬޲ૣʿ˶ȻȻġȻǴ˽
ǴἰôҲ뵽ġ
ȷôһλҪֻ˵֪ôģĻȥġ


3  28 

ʿܲòϣүˡô˽𣬶ǣֻܿ档
ǳѧˣϵôôֻ֣Ҫڳϣ޲ûбɳǾͿ԰ĵļ·ˡ
ϾеĿϹ¹ȥ;ˣʱϿɵ鲻ãǳ˴£ڳ˿ûаܵġ
¹Сλ쳯ߣɽ溣ϡ飬Ұζɽ֮زŵάֹ¹档
쳯Ųڱȥ
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ʦʥŮһٵķ¹ĹˣԵķӣѾԹˣЧҲûСǣѾҲûбİ취ˣΨ쳯֧Ԯֻǣſ¹ȹѹء
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ܶԼŮһΪʦʥŮܣǡֻ˭ء


3  29 

ҪǰĽ飬ǳ޲ˣ⵽ô¡
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¹İգȫϹ۲ɣ
ûô򵥡ǲ˵ϻʵѸߣַ깫£иϡ²ϣ֪ʦʥŮǺŮףһܲסġϿ˵ϻʵҲһεĲ
ǣû
б¶Ҫʡ
ʦʥŮΪʲôҪʲôôѵǾͲһ⣬
ǰϻʵ۾޸ʦ
Ȼأ
κΣʦʥŮͶϣֻǣʦȢޣʥŮȴԼˡ⣬Ҳͳ
ʦʥŮڹ¹ĵλȻУȴҪϻʵ۵ʦΪԭǺһ
ԣǾ޴Ķҩɴһ˯ѣͲ޸ʦʦͿԺʥŮһֱšǹ׳յġ
ǹ¹ϣּʦʥŮ
ѰնǸǻۡ
û
ʦ֪ܾ˵ˣϻʵһӦġ
Ҳû
޲ͷǿ͸ֻΪ˵ʦʥŮȴ͸ǣѡİ취
Ϊϻʵ۲ͬ⣬Ϊϻʵ̫谮ϲ
ǿЦľ桱
ɲǡ
޲ε̾Ϣָһһθ֣ȣûǿӲҪ֣⡣
𣬿Ǻйɵʱ
µ񣬻ĴڵģʦʥŮΪƺŭ𣬲ù¹ĳ桱ͣĿΪʲô
Щ
ԷΪ
ĹȥУ׽Щʲô
ĸö࿴ˡ
ˣ𡪡
ţ
ݻĶһʱ䣬ʦʥŮɾ裬Ҫļ֤Ϊ
ǲ𣿡һ̧ĵ

ʲʲô
ȻΪʲôø참һģ黹Ҫٵȵȣ˵ǸʦʥŮ͵ȲסˣϾԶѲǺ𣿺Ҫ¡˯ˡ
ʦǻһ㣬ͨ籣Ҳ㲻ģϳ޲ҲƲȻ
˵ʦʥŮ󱿵
Ǳˡ
Ϊʲô롱յøˣǲǷʲô
ܷʲôɲţרСϢȥ˵ģȥʦʥŮ˵ԴǶõö
öʲô

޲һϲһṦһˮ漴£̫ȥѰҩһϵҲûУ¶Ǹʵɸģ㾡ûȥ칦ɡ˵֣꣬Ҫ뿪
޲ţǲֳߡ
һһ޲һע⣬Ӳı𳶵ϣһһˤúʹ
ΪŰҲ
ߣôˣˤһӶѣôûðɡ
ܲ˼ôûá
޲Ц
Ӷˡ
˵ǰѾûжٺԣȴҲֱǰˤʺΪʲôողء
֪ЦǾûˡ
ǿЦñ
ЦҲЦ
Цѵϣҿ𣿡ΪжǻиڣĻĻúõģʹʹĿһ
Ҫǿ޵óͿް˵÷
˵ģҿˡв
Ϊ
˰죬޲ǿ޲δ֮ôܻ޵óֲϷӣ˵޾ܿޡǸȻĵ˫֣ȻĻš
ͼţһĻ㡱Ҫ
Ҫ޲ˣͲܷ𣿡
۶һƲһЦҪ˼ģΪڵǶôҸһ¡


3  30 

ǰѳ޲ԹԵϣʿܽнֻҪ˿ôˣȥͿȥʲôͿʲô
ͬʲôȥʲô
𣬵ȵȣҪģ¹ɲ쳯쳯ûйأǶľηǱκζҪģҪһСĴգʱ򣬺൱ء
ȥҩ֡
ҩ
ʲôҩ
޲һ£ѾȥˣȵȣҪȥʦʥŮ𣿸㲻һȥ֪ʦʥŮʲôӣ֪ʱ᲻ᶮùձĨһ¡
һᡣ
޲ȻʿֿķסֻҪΪ̫ͻȻڵء
ˣҪʲô
죬ʿܣȥ׷
׷

ΪԼĿ԰׷ҪߵĻṦġ
˷ģԱԷǹ¹ʦʥŮҲ׶֡
ˣ޲ȴѰʿܣҳȥ
ȥģ
𡱡аⷢ
ʵһӣ˸ЦƤķҪţ͸ɣȻôϲƨ棬ֱӵڡ
¹ʦʥŮרŵľֱԺͰɫׯ԰ʦסԺʥŮסԶԶĶɫׯ԰֮Умûκζסֱӿ˴˵סʦϲʥŮʥŮϲʦƫƫһš
һŻҪ
ʲôЦӵ⣬ҩȰ㻹ǻ˵ʱ򣬹¹ľƿ൱ĲһʦʥŮ൱æģҪ˼ҵ£ɲá
ʲô¡һֱۣ͹ȥ
ǣҵ¡˴ùŹ£ϵĲ𣬡޲ƵģҪ£ǻʱʲô鶼ˡ
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ΪҸûʵɰˡ
ЦתЦֱۣʲôҲٶˣҪʳ޲ȥܱһȥܱų죬ϸҹ
ȡ
Ц㱻һڿˮǺ˵ʲô
ǡ
ʦһ£ʥŮһ£УҲȷʦʮҵӣʥŮͣŮϵȷ൱ֻۣ˼ľ
ʦʥŮԶǰ˸ԵĳԷߣռõ̺ͼסԺͰɫׯ԰ƽʱⴳ룬Ҳûſӭ͡
ʦһ˽΢΢һϸ΢ĶϸƣĿʥŮһɴգü֮пԿҲҲǸˡ
Ҳˣ飬ǹ¹ʥŮ顣
ǡƷ粻Ȼڹ¹̫أǡ
Ц쳯ʹ
Цү֪үԺΪ¡
£
ֲԸҪϲ˵⣬ǾͰɣҲ̫鷳¡
ġһۣλ汾һģ˵ʦʥŮǹ¹żʥĵλݷһ£ʦʥŮûռһЩټҩݣǸ򡱡һ䣬ǲ䡣
ҩ˵ı飬ƺһ¹УʥŮְҲβʲôΣֻ൱ֵĲҪͷʥŮ֡
˵ҲҪ鶯ֵģҪҲ൱򵥵һ¡
ֻǣ˭Ҳû뵽ҩµġ
֪Ҫʲôҩ鿪ڣݺΪö
˯ˡһᣬŽϣȻ˵֡Ц𶼿ԸܵͰһ˲Ĵ䣬ǵУһ󾪻š
֪Ҫ˯;˯ڹ¹ҲǽҩҪϸƣĸ衱
ֻ࣬Ҫһµķҹҹ˯ţֻҪʳ˯ˣͿ˯þˡ
˭˯ţ
ǳ޲ЦҲֻг޲ˣһҹҹ𣬲Ż˯Űɣʲô˯˵ʲôãǱ˯˻Ҫõö࣬޲ֻҪʱʱܸܵĴڣʲôʹȫҲҪʲôҩ

Ͱ飬᲻̫Ȼ̫Щ
ԭԭˡ
ȻʦΪΪʲôԭ򣿡
һЦֻѰ˻Ҫ˯ˣһʱȰˡ
ȷǸþȡ
ȥһ·ġ˯ˡҲûֶ
ˡĿ״ἰ˵ʱ࣬ȫˣ֪ʦʥŮռʲô˵һѣ¹еĹ񶼻ʧء
һΣɴĿþ޷ٻظԭҲԭضáҪٶʾѾ֪
㣬ʲôˡʦѾ㲻ˣԽԽʹǰֳ⣬һжѾˡ
ʲô˲ҪʲôҪģĲΣӦ֪һٴĻȥһξͿ԰һк󻼵ҩûеĻҿṩҪ˻ܱ˾ȻҩҲǰ£˵أ
¡ҩ
Ц۾ɵñﻹҲþúϲϣ˼˵ϵҩͰµġ
ΪʲôҪô
ô֪ġ
޲ģȻǲܿҲġ
ߡ
һûлػѾ㹻Ц˽ˡ
Ͱ黹޷Уû˵ʲôֱ뿪ˣЦͷԣߣǱߵǸ뿪
£Ҫ˵ʲôͰֻҲɡ
һţӭǳ޲ˣү
ЦŲЩӭȥʲôҩ
˯ˡЦ
޲һ飬㶼ˣ죬Ĳزס
ѾûıҪ𣿽ǺúõȥĴ˭˴ġֲܵģΪ˼ʹʦʥŮҲһ
ֻ鷳Ρ
ҲáĺһϣĿԼĴȥֲΪڹɸĴ
һ
˵ǻΪҪڴɱ𣿡
һ޲ҡͷҲҸڰǸϳ¡
㿴𣿡ʿܴȥ˻ץһѣǵδһоˣǺܼ
ץ
޲Цá


3  31 

Ͱ鱻һϯŵˡ
ô죿Ҫǹ¹İ֪ģʱǡǵݣǵĵλǵȨȫᣬúѿ壬ź˵¡
һݣǲ쳯ǻ˽๫ȻĻ롣
ҡͷģǲһٴȻûлͷ·ˡиõѡڵʱ
ǲһжˡ
ǳ޲֮ĽȰ˵ĻһݣĻ޷ص顣
һ죬ﱻƵÿҪϲ·ʱ޲ǣ˵һ֮Ǹֵ𾪡
㣬ô֪Ĵ飬ͳϰߡǣʲôˡ
ʿ֮ͬ£ҲʿܵͬЦڡ޲ȻһЦʦҪţǽ쳯ʹֻ뾡ĽµѣðаӿԹյĻ̡̻
ţǲܵģЦ
ߵһǵģͲƽس֪飬ȷϵģ˯ˣµģ˯£ӻڣûϸı⣬ˡʵǳҲ뵽
Ӷģиǹ¹ѣȫ٣ȴʲôҲ㲻ӵκּ⡣
һʱһΣѾü£Ȼδнչڷţڸ
˫ĿһգҲգȴǵȷô˷ֱ˵ҲܾǵҪ󣬻עһԸǱǿǿĶкҸء
ȷˡ
ЩͲ䵽ǰľأǽҲǣҲǡ
ˣǸô죿ۣЩֵİջҪֻţûϵġ
Ӧϵġһ̾ϢˣԶ֪εһʱȣ˲飬ͷʱ֪ڸģȴѾˡΪǵĹϵù¹ǰδеĿֻ֮У٣췣ڷǡ
췣
صĴʣΪ˼ʹߣܵ
˵ɫֽѾ˿Ѫɫˣ֧УǣǺãǸǰĲо֡
ǣءͷ΢̧޲ʵ
ǡͷ
ǡص
취ûУǲЧȴҪȥ֪֮׼һʼĩȫǶԱйʵۺ͹еİգǣµĿ
ˣһۡ
صĵ˵ͷ
޲֣ʿܻ⣬ǰͰ飬ѾĬʧٶ˵ʲôʿܷţصʹǶЦڵš
Ͱǰͷ߹¹ʵϢǣͰĻڸģ㲻òô
٣ӵġ
Ͱ˺Ĳǹ¹˵壬˵صģġ
ͬգʦʥŮڻʵ֮Ĵǰ̨ټܵĹ¹ա
գͰԵǰϴŵʱѾԽԽãʹõҩٹ죬Ϳȫѣͬա
ţѹ֮࣬ȴͬͰ飬Ҳ֪Ĳ֪ᣬҡͷ֪మģһӲҪҺﶨ׵ġΪǽְߣйͬŻᾭߵýЩ
û뵽һУԭĻҪӵĶࡣ
һᣬﶼûдҡ̫̰ģʥŮĹ⻷ӵѰ˵鰮ģⱲӾԵģǣƫƫ͹ܲסԼģһģƮϡȻֹܲסԼǣ˴¡
ǸˣһһҲϴˢˡ
飬ô˵ͳ⣬ͬһ
ˡ֪ʱ˵м䣬ͰŸһЩôķΣʱʲôҿɲܡ
ĵͬʱҲġ
Բ𡱡ǸȻ
ҪǸ˵Ѿ˵ʲôõеĳͷۣһۣûйȥǡ
ҡǡ
߰ɡ
Ͱˣϻʵ۵ǰ⣬Ȼаյǰ⡣̨ϣһ£Ƕģ죬ֻǣҪٷ¹İգǣ޹ġ
ûκεĴ
Ͱӹ¹ʧ
˵ͰѾˣ˵£ԱˣҲˡ
˵
ңԣĴ
ǲͣĴߣһߡûҵģеĳƣ¹µʦʥŮȴͰ顣
һߣһ˺һŮӣһѣ磬ݷ𣬸Ϊ¹갲̩
...............................................................................
¹ѾϣģѾԾȡ
Ҳ֮ȫȻֿԵܵ
ʵ۽Բˣģ¹ԼͿٲҪǲ֡
ǣҲ岻֡
޲ҲŻᣬҲҪ뿪
˭֪¹ϻʵۣôҲϷˡ
вУʦʥŮλ֮ǰ볤ڹ¹ڣҹˣ򣬹¹ĸţʱ򣬻и鷢ϻʵĳݣѾˣҲ᲻𾢹飬۾ҲֻһŮڹ£ǲܽƹµģֻĿǰΪֹȴûҵһԿλˣˣЩӣæ

޲ĺܾԶڹ¹ģ˵żңЩؾϸּٴȥء
ˡϻʵֻûе޲¹
ǰǰ޲쳯ʵۻûȥͶЩӰһҲ᲻ߡ
ҡ
ҪɡЦ˳޲һѣҪȥʱȻͿԻȥˡ
ү޲Ц
ˣôľɲǳ޲ľ
ҡ޲¾ԸЩ𣿡
ûֻ̻ǽϻʵۺתһȦ֮󣬾΢΢һɡ
ء޲ҪĲҪҪҪҪԸԶЩӵģԸҲ

3  32 

ǻˣԼû֪ʲô
ʱ䣬̫á
ֻǡ
Ź죬޲ͺǵҪ߾Ͳ鷳˺
¹ϻʵϣ޲ס԰ΪһεʦңȢΪޡԴˣûзԣֻ¹ѳ޲ɾҲȷǾ˹¹
˿С
ʱûСֻҪӦɿڣʱСֻǣߣ̫š
κһ仰ù¹ϻʵ˱뷨
˼һרһʹ쳯ʵۣϣûʵ۵Ӧʣó޲ڹ¹
ȻǿԻ쳯ģʱԻأֻϣ޲Ժܽ¹ɼңڴˡ
ĹŮʼ֮֮
Ҫ޸ˡ

ҪгΪˡ

ѾͬҪ޸ˡ

󣬴еģǡѾͬӭΪ¹ҲΪһεʦס԰
Цʿܡӣƽ˵ĹŮЦСɫ޲ѾǷˣ޲ȨϣҪͬ⣬˭Ҳòߡ

޲Ҳߡ
˭˵ġԣǴԣ޸޲޿ɺǣŵá˵޲ͬȢǾԲܵġ˭֪޲ǼһжңСҪˣԸҩˣҪ̰Ȩ̰Ǯǻð죬κʲôҲ̰
أүĻڹ˴ġ
ڹ
ǿɾһĿŶˡֲýϻʵۺֵֻ˳޲ȥų޲ƽʱ泤޲µʿҲƲ
Ϊģ㡣
ǳأʱ
Ůҡͷū澲֪
֪ˣȥɡһ֣ǲߴĹŮЦʿֻһۣʿܻ⣬ڹȥ
ҪǼҴˡ
ڣֻʣºȲЦЦԥǲزסŮҲǵģ£û
Ҫǳ޲̫ʧϿ죬ҲͷֱӸĵұȥҲûɵİ
˵ģάôѾܲˡ
رǶŮˣǿɾǸӵϼˡͷԣһԵǰ;ûб¶ĺõȥ
ʵϣ¶δһ㡣
𣬶£ûʲô뷨ȣȣٺȣɷͳɱ˵ˡ
̧УһƬбҸʲô뷨
𰡣ŰһԡǲŮ˰»Ҫ
ΪʲôҪҪ𣿡գգ۶ǰĲΪ⡣ЦһðɣûĻȷǲŵģ㲻ų޲ӦʳΪ¹ǿǧĻᣬǸ˾ͲŹޣȨλǧľЩ˿һҲġ
Ҫͬ⣬Ͳǳ޲

˵ҵҩˣҵˣûоҵͬ⣬ӣҲߡ޵ظˣǿ̡
޲һȷˣ֪Ļ
ϧ
޲ôͲ֪ʲôǸⱲûֺ̯ö֮˵ڶˣϻʵۺǲϷŹһٵϣӦʣ㲻ܴӦҲڹ¹ڼ䣬úõĿǿǡ
쳯ʵۻغӦʳ޲ڹ¹ģʱһпɾͺðˡ
Ҵʿܻص֮޲ɫһ󣬰һģⱲƳľǾǧ֮⡣
ϻʵۺûдǺԺȰܶء
գЩԣ·ϣʿѾЦʲôϢ޲ڵģ᲻
˭֪һȻĺŲС㿴أһ㷢ŭģûУƽЩܡ
ľôں
ǸӣҪȢˣҲһ㶼ֻ̫࣬Ҫһ⣬Ҳ㹻ˡ
ɻˡһƼˣЦӭôڹΣǲкͷ̯ˡ
ûģ޲һ
Ҳԣȥ»ʵ˵˵飬ȢˣҲϴСϸõȢӵͣ¶˵ʵ̫Сˣ޸Ҳôʡ
š
ʲô
޲ԴҩˡԵĻǺҩֻû˻Ǻˣ㻹ûޣ㻹Ǳ޴ôࡱͲҪЦ
㡪
ʿܿȥˣүˣڲʱѾ˾ͱ»ʵҲķòˡǲͬⳤڹ¹ģ϶Գ˵ĿУǿڵֻڣ˵޷Ӳĳܾ»ʵۺҪ󣬶ֲأʱԽԽļ֣ΪⲻĽ֡
û޲ص¡
ȱɡĵĵһ޲ӹݺݵĹһڣûаԼǺ
ȡ
ʿܣĺ󱳡
ǡ
һᣬҲ飬ĺҲһҲƽˣ𣬽£Ǹᡱ
Ȼᡱ۶ٶȻصϣȻΪʲôȢΪޣ
Ȼǡ޲
ȻǣǾˣɱˣҵˣûȢ˵ɡ˵һҩ֣ȴó޲ϲֱðݡ
ǡ
ˣֵõˡ
ҵȻȢˡôأѾȢ㡱ⱲӣǲٶԱŮ˶࿴һۣȻҲĿˡ
𣿡Цһü쳣ŵĿڣһΪѾأôԭ֪д𣿡һҲ˵ڱ˵ϣߣЦɲǺǵġ
ү޲Цûϲŭֺʧȥ֮ʱ໹أղŵ£ͱ𣿡
⣿ôԣҵġǳٶಹƷġ
ô
ҵæԺ¶ɲˡ
ЩΪѣϾ㲻¶Ը£˿˾ġ
ž
ϵ飬һ˦СվЦǲݰӶֻŮ˵£ԸûȢޣ͸ɴһӹˡ
š
Цء
㡪
УңҲǿȡЦĻ⣬ҪٸҶ˵һݵĻҾⱲӶ¶
աһһݡ
Ҳ˵ǲǾܼ¶Ʊ˵ͣò
ߡ
£Ժ˵


3  33 

ģûκá
ټĵϣ߾ӵλĹ¹ʵۣλŷɢŵĹŮԲľ֮УŵһһŮŮ˲ţϸ֮£˫Ŀǲӵġ
ų޲˵ǰһУЩѾҪٿǣҪκεĴ㣬ǾƲڹ¹
ǰ⡣
쳯ʵ۲ʣҲʣҲȹҲķ򣬹ҩ˾Ͳò
ϧ˴õĻᣬ޲ⱲӾͲǸˡ
»ʵѣΪ޲˷ǵĽֻҪԸڹ¹֮󣬻λΪŮʣλǧѷĺûᣬ޲Ǹ˾Ͳþܾ
»ʵɤӣԵŮһۣıһЩˣգϴ𸴵𣿡
ǵġ޲ס
ãôĴʲôء˵ߣڳ޲ϣڴĻش
һ֮ǰѾ׸֮£ᣬȷҪڣҪ˸飬Ҫ˹»ǣػϣ޲ôĸżʦ֮λкõԵ֣޲湫ƹֻҪٹʮ£Ĳ֮˾ͻ֣Ҳǹ¹ĸǡǣһڵ˾
»ʵŮһۣ˵ʵǿɲôš
ͣûа㻳ġһ쳯ʵʹ¹ͱض䳤֮ܽ¹ľҲʵж֤ʵֻ͡⻰֮ǰ֮˵û⣬ǻȻܣڴ
ֻǡ
ڹǲЩ֮ӡ
ˣ˵Ѿǰˣٵʮ¡ָ
Щʱ䣬ǲʡģ޲¹Եֻô࣬ǿҪ۸ġͷ΢΢࣬Ŀ˶ϣ֪ǲֻۣװ˫ʱ࣬żֹӡ쳯޲Ĺң޲ӣ޲ûɼڹ¹
ʲô
֮ϵĸŮɴۣһĨСӰʲôʱ£ӣΪ֮ǰ˵Ƕ֪顱
Ȼ֪޲Ц޲£δ֮ǰ޲ǲ˵ǵݡ
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ǡ˵Щʲô𣿡ţúõ飬ԭΪˮɵġ
δϼһĪء
˵ʲôʲô
ף
޲ľ֮һϲҪʱʱô˳ǾͺˣǲǸÿǳʱúõĸ̸̸ؼ֮پһλǣʱǾ˳ķޣҲҪ̵ôʹˡ
ڲ࣬ȴҪӲţǺġ
Ǿˡ˸еš
ˣˣǿ󲻵á»ʵǸڻȻˣҲǣкʱʱ±ضúͼλȥġ
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۶һֻ۾ѣﻹԸоõֱָѴ

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ͷʣв鷳𣿡鷳Ĵʣһγ׾ô鷳ֺһţһλΪز˴ٴء
С޲ϲֱͷԴֱӵҲ⣬ֻҪͬټһΣֻҪͬټһξͺˡǿֻ˳һپͺãҪٴ족ֻ֪ǰˣɲ֪д֤ûȻǷˡ
ûгڵʱļˡ
Ǻãȥд㡱
ף
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⻹һۣдңҳдһ⻹㣬ŹƽҪݣҾһݰɣûеŮ˳Կռˡ
ƽ
黹ƽ𣿲ֻҪܴӦټ޸ʵϣ޲Ϊıַ̬ˡ
Ϊһֻ᲻䲻ȵĶֻһٵҩ˶ѣ˵ʵһܳܵĶҲȷʵޣһٵĸ߹Լ
дٷⶼɡһ㶼⣬һһҲãᵱġ
һۣ˭Ǹйÿд顱ֲ飬ЦǸɵģˣϣҪˣЩ֪ͨЦʿ׼һ£һ뿪»ؼȥˡ
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ǡ
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򵥵Ĵ㣬һ磬Ǳˣ»ʵδͣǣר˾˵ĹԱǳ˹Ҳ͹ˡ
߰·޲·ЦʿܽͷԣһΪĳﾭϵرùͣеһСʮ·ڣһǰһǰϷ·Ҫֵġ
޲Ǹ·ɵ˰ɣͬһ·ʲô·һ󱭾Цüͷûһ¡
ǰˣһٵǻؾıؾ֮·ûбҪֳ·СʿҲΪ⡣
ˡ޲ǲ費ǾƣʿܣүȻؾϻĿɽλϵĽ޲Ҳ㲻ʹүʿԭί
ĿɽЦüͷһô֮ǰûúõ˵ؾͻأǲԸڵء
ԡ޲ף£УûأǻҪ£֪ң޴£ųбض߿Ϸǣҡ֣ںȲ裬ͻȻ֣ЩԸȴûгأҪȥˡ˵Сġ
ȴ֪Цʿ˲ۣŴ죬һɵģ


3  34 

ûжּۻۣ޲𶼲Эˣˣ·ʿ泤޲һУְʱڳ޲ǰź򣬻ؾйµĽΣΪүЦȥ졣
ݣԴ
һУֻˣصĿɽ
ʱĿɽĴɼɫҶһ紵ɼɨҶ֮ƣ൱Ŀɹۡ
ɽϳԱûˣҲʱº˼ҵһһСȥɨҶɨֻƷ磬ɨһһ˱ھú棬Ҳһɨ
У޲ʿܲɽϣδǰֻһҵĻҶӭ
һһЩȴûôˣͷϣϺ϶źüƬҶǱ
磬ڣͣͣ¶Ҫˡ
ΪʲôҪͣ߻ûɨ꣬ҪʦˣҪһſˡɨÿרˣûа취˭ʦ˼ѹء
ˡ¶вֻͣǰһѳ͵
𡪡
˱һͣȻɫôÿĶǣôûǺñִһ磬ġƤƤһ¡
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¶Ǹ⣬ԸֳҲúöǰ粻ģҲ֪ô¾ͱˣ氮ֱء
廹˵Ϊɽס̫ãͬˡ
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Ųأɽ⼸Ҷ࣬ø縺ҶɨɾȻ͡ɨˡ
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ٵ˵ͷɨɨǴɨͷ𣿡ǣҶ
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⼸ûôţ֪¶Ȼˡ
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¶ǰţʿ˳ϵҶų޲ϣ⣬ͳѾҲӭˡ
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ллģ޲ͦõġ
ǾͺãǾͺãվţ޲ʿһ·Ҳˣȥȥ
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ǵ¶Ҫһֱš
֣زͣĥűӣֺϣŵԥ˺ðΣû֪Ҳ֪ӵĻҪ˵
޲ǲʲô֮һˣ㵫˵޷Ŀѣɱ뿪Щӣּ⡣
ģٽ޸ңһΣһѹġ

ô
һۣٻͷų޲ǿǲƵĺܣ㻹ᣬӿԽԽˣҲ֪ǰѹټһΣҲǱ֤ѹȴܱ֤Ҹģ޸ûõʲôáޣޣѾ޹һˣﻹҿԵһΡ
ˡİɷһۣ޲Ļû˵أȱ˵С£ôЩأͬ𣿡۶̽ŮŮ˽ģ֪޲٣ĺޡ֪ǻԭ޲ģֻǲ֪ԭ»ںʱ١
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𣬼ŵĵ˵ͷһʦͽӶɳˣͷˣͷˡ
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Ȼã˶ͬ˵ģΪ˸ĸҲûʲôģǵ˼ɡûеѣȻͬ⡣
ġǲ̫˳Сͬټ޸޲𣿡
ԡΪʲôԣ벻Ҳ̫𡱡
еģеġ
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ǣֻҪͬɣĲڣھ֮󣬳Ҳû˻Щˡ
ڶ¸ʮ˵ǰõӣԭϸ£˭֪ľ϶ڣֱӸ߳޲ţ͵ȥˡ
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ûйڣϲҲû׼ֻǵķﻻȫµϲԢһд¿ʼıԢźֻܳԵġ
Ԣء
ţһ͵ңŹ쳤ҵ˾Ѿ½½ɽˣڼûµĿɽæ׼˵ûʲô׼ġ
ҵĵɽһӣһסҪסһ£ʵĻƸլʡĶв㣬ɽɽĲǰʱĹˡ
ҵҲҲɽ·ҹҲ߲õġ
ֱǰһ죬ҹĿɽľжʮڣδĲأͷҪ÷Ų¡ҵ⻹Ҫ˶أһĿȫԱ룬ûһȱϯ
ˡ
̫ˡ
ǶǼˣûһˡ޲һٵǿЩ䡣
ı飬ĵĵĺܣѾˣǱҪǲ׸ıģ鷳ˣֻҾ̫Сɰڲ˼
޷޷ֱͳˣҺͳѾ˵ɽ°иõĶˡ
ǾˡǣɲҪ֡
ס
ĺ˵ó޲΢΢һ
㡪𣿡Сʡ
Ҹ𣿡ʡ
áشĺÿ죬㡣׵ķġ


3  35 

һ֮󣬳ӭһжֶѵĴүãһƯĶӣȢӣ˶ϣӵнǺѵţ֪ʱֹһ㡣
⣬ԭ泤޲ºӣ٣ʱ֮ûκεĴ㡣ÿ죬޷ܾҺҶһƬϲ֮У˶Сĵ
ǲǸСһҵжô࣬ҪڽӴеˡ
ҿһŵء
Ӧеڶӱ̸ңûʲô˵
֮ʱЦһݴһԺͺȴСĽƣŸ»ȫĸ֡
ʥּһǳ丸֮ǣҪ泯͢Ч
£޲ǲи˵ãĲãҲá
ԼδʱδҲ㣬ֻǣмͻ̫⣬ΪԼ
һУҲѳףﳹඨףº顣
޲ĴѰҳˣһֱδҲ֪˼ҵʲôȥˣѰΡ
ƽӯҸãܿ벻ܿĲǺܴ󡣡
ֻҪԼһأͿˡ
٣ûӳäչ˺ӣҲֻܱӣűţҪǲʱпܰѺˤˤһ
ˣˡһֱ岻ס޶ֻ޲ȣүүһֱָͣһǶˣǵҲٷġ̣С޻ĺܣһҲϸ˺֮⣬һ档
Ұɡ޲֣ϸȥƣ˵Ƕ
ǣү޶һȥ𼱻ŵĸϵڣǶԺӵҩݣǴٷһϡ
޲ҡűĺӣԹԣޣϾˡСӣӶÿ졣
ң˵ˣ൱ĽһȹֻǶ˱޾ǣó޲
ǲϣСһﻹ˸ĻҲ˵İûжιһֱ޸ͣС޵úͨͨġ
޲ûа취ֻվԭزϣùһЩ
һᣬڵ˶շǽˣֶˡϱǲǶͶ̥Ÿιûжֶ챻ˡӳ޲ӹӣֱӵ棬ιӡ
ҲƲ
޲վŲһᣬǣõǰʲôһ
ϧҪ۾ܿжá
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ӣιñģĴ˸ãҡ£˯ˣôĺӾͬһֻСһ㣬Ա˯˯˳ԣʲôҲᡣ
Ÿ²ãڵ¶ͽȥɣ㻹ҪϢϢ̫ۡ
ʲô˯ŵĺӱСɺã˵Ůĸǰһ㶼ţᣬǲŶˣҲʲôҪ½̻Լ֡Щʱʡ˵ѾϺˣȻŶ£ȴһСиһ㣬ǳҵӣһɰŮˣһԣŴޱȵأЦ˳ҵĮóεЭ
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޲ıЩӲ֪ԼݣԼǴԼȻϤģκα仯ÿһ֪ģԣѾеʱ򣬻ֻһµʱС࣬ƫ̣һľ
ʱ𻹲ΪܲĿɽ
µʱǲŻصġ
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廹𣿡
õĺܡͷţƵġ
ǾͺáҲԷЩˡ̴Ҫһʱա޲૵̴ǳﳹδޣ֮ǰﳹ̴Ҫ²ܿŽǵĻӳٵ֮󣬷ͳס֮İسҶδȵº֮ٻȫΪȷҪĿˡ
𣬲סһʱɡ
ǰŻȥ治ɫĻصʲôĺܡ
¶סЩӣ
¶͵һһȥġ˵Խת𣿡˵ˣЩ鶼С£Ҫ֮£ˣǲǿԼһ㣬ǿˡ
ټ޸ӣǶԸ顣
ǣ֪ڰУ֣̽һᣬֲŵ˹޲ţֻǲ̫ۣҪտҪչ̴ҪڵҩݣﻹٶҪչˣһôæùۻ
̧ͷһ˭˵һæˣ㲻˰ﲻ˰ңﳹͳһӶʲôָһؿڣĵˣķŻصĶȥûܰ롣
ǡ޲ʧЦѣ֪ô˵ϲô˵һж˺òãһҪӦң˾˵Լš
ߡ֪
................................................................
º󣬳ﳹҶ̴飬ʧõĳΣϡеĺȴǶԳ޲ä
޲ʦһҲˣʦûã߱ϱȴʲôҲûҵ۾ҲܾһӶˡäҪǻ˱ˣƲŲỨôȥѰѰġ
ƫƫǸǳ޲⺢ӿǿ˴뱲ӣϰ뱲Ѿҵˣô°뱲ٻںڰ֮С
һ˵ù˴뱲Ҳ͹ˣһӶùǾ첻ۡ
ƻٵĺء
ʦˣ޲ֹʦ޲ܸмʦʦ޲һĨ꣬ӵİ޶ļˣʦ˵Ļ޲ѹġ˭֪
СӡüӣƲٵĳ˺һЦõõã㶼ô˵ˣʦپͷ˵ȥˣ˵СѾͷͣƿɲСƹ󣬶࿴㡱
֪𵭵Ļء
õ뿴ֻˣʱͨʱԣһҪںڰ֮С
޷ʦߣٶڣδǹġ
ûûһЦСӿÿ


3  36 

ʱ򣬾ͺ֣ΪʲôһǶ񷢴һֻߵߣŻᶯһЦһЦĵ֡
˯𣿡С׵ӣָָԺͷһˣĸӸմͷ
һңٶǴ⹫Ƕõ˺ЩĶҪˣûиһȥÿϧ
˯ˡ𵭵صٶȻط
ء̧ͷ۶գգţҪһ˯ٶɲҲ͵һ˯
˯ʲô˯޲Ϊ̫Ķ̫ˣС˶һۣȥ֣ɣȸһݣС˶һͣһٶǶ˯ĸףֺǺǵı׽ȥˡ
úٶٶȳݣ޲һάǰƣʯͷ֪ȻΪѾ˯š
ǰߵ޲ǰһһֻӣĲζ
ˮģûкȽ١
˫ۣţʯĳһ㣬ֽյڴϣƽ͵˯һ㣬ۻš
äκεĹ⣬ϰ߱˯
޲ѡûǰ˼ǷӦ󣬾ǻᵹصġ
ŶϤ˳޲ƮԶǣһϲһ̽ڲԶץ֣ٶɻˣٶأţСӿвû
ˣղʱû
Ǹ޲ȾǸ⣬Ҳûģֻһʱ顱
飿ʧǻҪ飬Ҳųرյ֡
ʧȥ˹ûаȫУÿһֻҪߵʱͻִķҪץֲɡ
ôЩѾϰߵЩľˡ
ǹ𣿡
£Ѿȥˣֻݵ̵飬ҵҵ⼸ƺչ̫Щ޲ЩģҲȱˣҵǱ鲼⣬Ȼȫ֮ס
̫ķչҲбֶ֣ȻЩϸڷĲƣֻССȥЩʲô
ԣδȫ֮ǰǹϵġ
һΪǻּ빬סЩӡü΢΢һΪǶ£Ҫ񣬳ҹǳҺͳﳹֵһ⣬㲻Ҫ̫ģοһͬͬĳţȻǶˡЩ£Ҫģڳҵļǵᰲ׵
֪޲һЦˣڻϣһѾصԣһ겻ᳬ빬Ƕв㣬·ϾҪ̫ʱ䣬һֻ֮ȥһ˾ǣеʱͶ·ˡ
ĻʱȥˣȥЩ֮¡
Ҫٷˡѡ
ûзϣֻþЩˡ

ס۵ĳ嶯ղٶΪ˯ˣһ˯´㻹ٶһ˯ɡ̫
úúá޲̾ϢˣⱲӾͶ𣬡ûһ˺òáģٶһؾ죬춼ǣһΣȥһ컹죬Ҷֺһȥһ˽ȥȥĲһƲڼʲô
ĸʧ
ʱ˵û˳޲ֻ֣ҪҪȥ
á
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ꡣ
Ѿܽ־ټաۣͦε彡ıûһ㲡ʹ
ֻǣҲõ۾üʱʲôҪܿüжá
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۾ܺÿÿϧôÿ۾ȴʲôҲ
˲ĶῴֵĶͻС֪ʲôֻ֪϶Ҫõȥƶء
ϻõʥҲƼ˻ŶʱС֪Ϊʲôһֱҡͷ˵ϧ
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ʲôÿϧģ
СС˶һ̵ܽԵһĽţٶᱻǧˣűŶٶھͱ
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áٶɵǰԼñӣԼˮԼȵٶѾȹˮˣڿԼ𣿡
á
ǧģٶſڸ׵Ͽʼ˯С˶ʢҲˣĴСǷֻ۾ѾϣַٶҪϺöö֣˵ٶϵúöԺͿԽٶѧҽˣٶԺһһκõ۾
ɵӡ޲ݵĸ϶۵СٶӶ¿ʼһֱҪκ۾տʼΪ棬ȥˣȴû뵽СС˶ȴڼֵͷǵ۾βεúãҪѾϰˡ
ϰߣ
ԣѾϰˡѾϰߺڰѾεԵ֣ٶֻҪĵĳͺá
󡪡ţС˶Ѿ֧İ˯ˡ
ٶ⣬úõš޲оϵСһѾ˯ˣСѭż䣬Сһһߵߡ䣬Ѿ߹̫Σ̫ϤڿĿ
ٶʱǡɽݣһ֪Ǹʲô£վſһԲֱ޲ٶױӣŽݡ
롱


3  37 

ÿһ죬𶼺ֵܼҪ泤޲룬ȻûԵɫ޲Ǻ롣
Ǵҽ൱տҽߣʩ룬ÿһ룬ضĵڡ
ˣһԣȴǰЧҲޣûаɫʩ룬ҩԵĶѾԹˣȴûдҪԵԵĵزò
£ּ޲Ͼһһȵ٣޲вȥɣûлؾء
϶Ѿ㹻ȣȵ죬ǿϹӵķϣػصȷ㣬˽Բеͨ򣬳޲ͱŨŨĶɱ
ÿһϾɳһ볤ҵļӣᾩǣϣΪ޲ۼⱲӶԸ̤Ͼһ
Ҫ̫ҪֻҪǣ֣Ȼһ˫۶ʵʲôҲȴ˲̣˾ġ
ղ֮ˣԳ޲ûа⣬ټһΣӡ
Ů˻̥ʮ£Ŀ಻ܸܵõġ
ϵ֪⣬ԶԶġ
ңΪҽ߼ܵԼ壬ٶʱδ̫Ŀ࣬٣ʱT̫ࡣ
ٶҪһȥٶҲҪһȥһĸҪһһν֮УٶųŷǵøɡٶҲҪȥҲҪȥﶼȥΪʲôֻһ˲ȥ
Թԡ۵ıŵճ·Զɲ棬ۺ۵ģٶڼүү㣬СŶҵһƯŮﳹ泤һ˫̥񣬳˶ӵˡ
ҪҪٶҪһȥٶǲ˫˫ŲͣƵĻֲ̫˵СһһСı㱻˿ٶס޲䣬㲻Ϸˡ
ٶȥٶǰҲȥѽһ㶼࣬ٶԹԵģٶȥٶȥСһӲĥų޲ɿڣӣ޲˹ǣֻҪСҷκεҪֻҪݣ˵һ֡
һأҲʵΪѡ
ٶ·ϻࡱôСӦÿһ궼ǳ;档
࣬ࡱٶСԴҡĸ˹һ㡣
𣬾ʹٶȥɡ޲ѯӵٶһȥٶ˵ԹԵģͻԹԵģСһҲȷǺԼҪϣټӸӣĻ಻̡
ȥʹȥɡ
ллӴȣٶҪȥඡСӣվԴЦţƵõ°㡣εҡͷȴҲ˵ʲôͬˣӦò̫⡣ңѾ·ٶӣʡæ𡱡ƽ
֪ˣӦһԭֻΪٶҶһѾϳ޲޶ˣܹʮһ·
뿪ңٶȲĽԴ̽ˣƽʱɲܣССģ಻ĴܡΧҲڳڣңҹģȻСһвסˡ
ٶ׼ſȥ
˼ֻǿ
ܣ̽ˤϲ𣿡
ˤˤϲӡٶܻԸǺι̵ĲӣôˤͲ˵Цһġ
ԹԵ˻ڸ׵ߣоӵĹ˳޲ЦˣҲΨεסٶ
ٶʱʱĳ𣬿ɲҡ
ٶҪԹĻ֪𣿡
˼˵¸òá˳׵䣬ٶǵҪ޲˵¡
һ㣬ǴͲԭɣ޲֪ϲٶ£Ͳ¿ˡ
£ʵ֮١
˾ǣ٣ӳʼʼһֱǹֻҪһǣǱݾЦڻǲڡ
ôЩȥˣٶ꣬¶Ҳѵһ仨ͣԼˡ
Щ꣬ЦҲٷߵߵĿɽ¶¶̵ģе˶Ϊ¶һЦȡְˣͲ⡣
͵ǵһЦ˱գ޷ִ⡣
úٶ޲óҲŽʥӼУؾǱлʿܵļ棬ڳдʿٸߣֻûǰ;ԡ
ʿܣиõδѡ
ǳȥһòáǰ͹ˣͷûй˵Ǹʱ̫Сڣǳء
ٹ䣬ڣԹԵĵȥ˯
Ҫٶһ㶼ۡ
ʲôǰָӵ۵׵ľ⣬Ҳ֪˭ʱʱƤĸֻһ㣬ʱȷ£ȴҲмµʱ򣬡ȥ˯˯˵
һҪ˯𣿡ٶô˯ˡ
˵أüһٶԹԵı죬Ը˴ϱӣŸһأųҪȥС˶˯硣

3  38 

ʱ䣬ٶǺܹģȻҲСʱҲģ⹫Ҳ˵ٶúõ˯һ֮ʱ޲δӹɫҲ磬㳳ŷǵҪȥ
ǵļбٰࡣվǾǵ˶࣬Ҳ࣬кöණٶǰûмġ
ͣǶźʱһ˫۾Ĵ飬һע⣬תͷСһӰҲƲˡ
˺ãã֪ܵȥˣǲǱ˷ӹˡ
ӣٲ֣Ҫˡ
ֵļУţһڣ㱻ڸǣ˼Զ΢üһ˦ն˫ɨܣֱĨССӰץһľøͣ˵أ˵ĲĿ뾪̾΢ۣһһǸ֪Сһȥ
ˡһ࣬żϵĲͬĵطͻᷢһһ˫۶ӵȫһӻĳ߹֡һõÿ
һӵٶͷСԴ˲ĴһǣתͷСϵıһӵ˹ȵף˼ĵ
ŵʱ˵ʲô
ܣܸҪҪǸúõļأΪʲôҪû
ˡ
СԴٰһ£ٶʹòᣬأΪʲôҪٶ
ܡСһ
˼Ҳûܡٶķһͷŷ֣ո￴ĵطһ˼ûˣǵֻתѰһֱߵٶԣ㲻Ҫ
ԣ𽫶ӻżĻңСУȵ̫߳Ҳ֪ʲôǹԣֻĻɶ߷磬һβٴˡСֻ꣬ɲӳҪﹷһĲ׸ӡ
˼ҲûС
ԽԽ˵ˣ˭ġ
ٶû˵ѡСԴҡĸĶƵģǹԺӣŲ˵أٶ˵ѵģ˵ˣúǲ˵ѵġǺúӣŲ˵ѣٶԹٻȥòãǰѹĶؼҺòãһҪֻͣߡ
롱
ٶԣٶԵˡ
ԣ˵ҪҧԵСͣ½ŲŶӣӭСոﻹΪ㲻ˣˣҪŪ㣬˷ûзԣû·û߿棬ٶҪĻʹȥܸ

ûзԣû·û𣿡ٶȥˣٶȥأôŻǸСҪ˵أһεˣУϣҪһ˯
޲һص㱻˸ĪĿǰ֪Ƕ˵ʲôС˶ȸ״ٶͱ˷ӹˣҲû·ûзԣû棬ٶͱһĺӣûҪˡ
޲ЦԷǣЩ˭ģٶֲǲǡӱֲȥˡҲȷٶˣǰҪ˵Ǵȥˣֱһ߷Ҳ޿ܡ
šٶصĵͷ
ԣֲԵܣ㱻˹ˡҲ֪СʱʱĻôһ
ŲءٶӲ
ߵǲ
ҪҪﲻ˵ǲҪٶ͵һ˯𣿡ٶͰ͵İ
һ޿κεĿЦǺãǣô죿һ˯һŴ˯£ѾˣʱôССһѾǸСˡ
ȥùܼ廻һŴ󴲣һһ˯СһһĴӳ޲Ļ˳ȥͷҲصȥĹܼȥˡ
ҷֳųҶ˶ţȥϢɣˡ
ᣬɩȻطˣŵʱٹ
š޲Ӧ
˱ˮŽʵҪʲôҪ𣿡ȻٲԸ˾ǣҪЩĴ
ҪΪһλƹδȷνԭϻɺɳɳ뻭һȦúһһĳɳԥԥȥ̫С⣬ó޲ϾһˣΪ˸ĸĿϣİŮܹúúõġ
ǻϵŮв۵ģıҪǰ֪ܺ㡣
ҪҪ̫Ӻôλܲ˵ķ˷ۣǷ˿ʣмѭöˡ
ԣ޲ʧЦûϵȷд˴㣬ֻĿǰ̫粢ȷ̫ѡ˵δĴ֮Ƕˣĵʧء
ǳ⣬ΪӵĻʵҲ𣿡Ҫһ٣ٶҪ޲ȷϣ˵¾ͶܳΪʵҲֻ
ֻҪˣͲסѲ⣬뷨ʱ䡣ҪʲôʿܰæҡʿѾ٣Ѿͳ죬ǿ֮죬·
ҪԼȥҡ
޲˵һȥң㣬޷˳ҵҵĶҪϡǻھǴһ¡еʱ䡣
һ£ü΢΢һ빬ûнδ߻ֻǹС㻹
һº󣬻һ׮»ϣأȷһ֮ǾͿԻؼˡ
һĬ£ʱϵǺܸϣѰȻˣ쿪ʼҪȥһɽǰҪʱ䣬ٶЪţ֮ǰһϻġ
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ɽھԶʮ⣬ԶҪɽϴЩӡֻдɽϲܺúõѰҪѰĶ
ʱ̫һͬȥҲһٶʱǻһһȥǴ£ǲֻͣǣһҲзʱ򣬵ΪŻᱻЦȻؾ
£ٶҲ¡
ٶ¾ͿˣڣҲġ޲֣ȴ֣ǲ㣬ϳˣ㲻£ٶǾԲµġ

޲ƿڣ˵ûٶ϶Թһ


3  39 

ٶ뿪һҪҪֵˣб¿԰סĻЩӣϾǸӣǰ氮ֵͣ޲ٶܹܣܹܴٶ͵ӻһ𣬰죬÷ߵߵģϣѾۻûȥҵ
ʶﲻߣѾǴºˣûʸУϷҲˡ
оҵʱͲ֪ɽһˡ
ܹүүܹүүﻹûл𣿡
ү˺ͷ˻ҪЩӲŻ
Ŷ
ǣܹȥˣⲢٶûˣһȥܹܣʵܹܶѾʼһͿʼ㣬ܹһ㣬ٶͿʼ׷׷׷èһ㡣
ܹܴⱲҲûôǱ
ܹүү
ŵܹܰһ㣬СԽԽˣΣҲ֪ȥˣһΣıˡ
ܹװµķе꣬һЦĻؿٶүʲô°
ܹүүҵΪʲôٶͰ͵վǰǲǲҪٶˣٶԼؼȥˡǲһϽ֣ԣˣҲˡ
أֲǹġ
أѾ˵һβһһԹԵģﻹ
ӣүòҪ˰ɣܹܿʼð亹Ҫ죬Ż죬Ǿͻˡ
ΪʲôҲȥ˶ٶСԴ⡣
㻹̫Сȥɲ㣬ɽɲƽԭصģ˭ȥģѰ֮أҲỨôʱȥɽѰˡ
ٶСˣٶѾˡ
ҲСӣܹԽԽ
˻ܸǽСӿôҲ벻ͨġ
үǵ֮ǰô˵𣿡
ǵáٶĵСԴﶼ˵ļܺأ˵Ļô᲻أҹԹԵȣǺܿͻġǣйԹԵĵȰΪʲôﻹء
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үͰСһ治𣿡
á
ܹүүȥҰСǺ𣿡
ˣٶ֪ģܹүүԷɣٶԼȥȻ⣬ȴ鷳ܹүү˵ˣ鷳ģҲ˵ģԹԵĵȵˣ˵۾ĿԿõء
ٶ¹ȥˣӰûƼٰ¹ȥˣʱ࣬Ѿǲˡ
һΣɽѵʱ䣬ɱ֮ǰĻҪúܶࡣ
ٶ϶Ѿʼˡ
ڡ޲һлˡ
Ϣһٶһˣ˭Ҳס壬ֻûаԼײͷѪġ
һ·һ·еľһƼٶֱ׵Ļ塣أڻˣٶΪﲻҪٶء
סŲ޲ûõıӸײɳȥһɽ֮УδʵϵջȴҲһ
ѾҵһؽҩģԳҩЧģôϣһɡ
⣬ѾǼľϲ
죬ٶԽԽˡѾˡ
ٶѾȻذѾûõˣ屧ɾͿԱġԺȥٶҪȥŶŲ
ԼŪʲôСƵġһӵ׼޳Ŷٶ˵ԼѾ𣿴ǲҿ޵ġ

жϣ˼Ҳûпޡֱһᶼûˡ
˭˵п
㿴ˣٶûпޡ
ߡ浱ۻСԽԽˣˣǸҲҪģȻطȥٶԼߣ
áٶԹԵͷԸվţٶŶ


3  40 

һ֮󣬳޲빬ȫһûֱͣӸϻٰЩӣٶøӵճˣʱʱ̶̿ҪĸһӿֻҲŷһĴҴܡ
صңٶҲתվԼϤĻٶҲܷſһЩ٣һӲ˵ﻹ޴֡
۲ѣôһ˾ȥģһ͸˸ƵġǶӶϱ᲻ôֻ
ٶô£
֪Ҳŵ´ɩһ˲ܺ˰ɡ
Ҳµ̫ˣˡ
šͬĵͷȷеأҲܻ¡¶ѣ˵СӵļԲãһһСӵļŽкãһ᲻һĸðСһһɽʡĲС
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˵δǱҪ֮ʱ޲ǲȥġ
˳ȻĹһͺãȻǰ֪ǰ;ҲδػöѾеˣ֪ľͺˣ̫ʧζû˷
һֱٶ꣬ǺЩҲûзӣһ꣬һ۵Сãȡﱴ⼴ǳҵСֿǳҵĵҳȡġ
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ٶǸӡѡ
Ѿˡ޲δٶʲô¶˶꣬һ׶Σٶ󲿷ʱǶ¹ɵģ£ȥٶٶӦʦȥ
һȥɲһ갡
֪޲ͷʮٲˣʱСС˶Ҳ˴ˣ˵ϵٶأ˸ʦҲٶȻٶӦʣҲڤڤаźõġ

ӵˣҲóΰȻĽأĿŶӳ˽죬ûӣҪ뿪ˡ
ȥʡһȥٶٶԸ⣬Ǿ˭ҲܴٶߣҲˣٽٶҲ԰ֵĹһӣҪ˵⹫ţүүǣѧӶǡ
ҵٶܿĵĴȰ˵ʵȰ˵ٶԸߡ
һڣٶӦˡ
գ۶СһƬɫҪȥүүǵʦ˵ˣǸˣٶҲɸһˣ˵ٶѧˣͿκõ۾Сӵ뷨ǵЩ
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죬죬찡ֻûдĸˣҵӰǶĽ£ɡż΢ƤЩġ
үүһȥ
Ŷүү㻹ùżء
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ŲҪٶҡͷٶȥѧģȥģٶѧɻκõ۾ʱүүòá
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СС˶֮ǰĳŵȴҲ˶ݡ
޲ԶţͷĲι˵


3  41 

޲Ժһ˫ۣʣѾһʱˡû˻ǱҪƮȥ֪Լ
ΪԺʵѾĴܳʱˣٶ֮ʱʱĳģ
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ٶڣҲû಻һ졣СҪϵͣûеԺʱ
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һüǷ𣿡


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˵ͳȻΪõķӣҲգȷΪҳһȻǱҪҲʡģٱƼӵ£ŭ˭޲̫⣬Ψļҵޡ
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ûУȥæɣǵ˹ǡ
Ǵ磬ɩСܾˣ磬ɱں˼ˣû죬һҲڳҵĵҳѾ˾ĻСӳˣҲеúܣպôһԡ
ǡ޲ʧЦܺ͵ȣȥɡ
ﳹ뿪֮ˣӻرų޲˷ԺʵЩ⣬յʱ򻹲ãһǺϮˡ
Ѿˣϸϸ볤޲ĶϸţӻСôҪһСˤˣɲ֪ô졣
һۣһ̣ŮĻУ

޲һȴҰŮƣûнš
񡪡𡪡ڶҪô죬ҪʲôıܾҪҪнӺ࣬ԭΪٶѾˣ뵽ԸһŮ
һһŮأ;ú
ҪҲӦá
ã㲻Զܼ֡
ߵȥأ޲Ϊ£˫ȻڣСĵҡŻСŮӲͬСŮö࣬ҲĶ࣬޶Ƥġ
Ŷ
С޶ŤŤӣǻӦһ㣬޲ӵС࣬ȴ˿ٶоЩȴȫһͬһƣҶҡţһŮ۴ޡ
ģͬһִܾá


3  42 

£޲ʼʽӴҵ⣬СˣֻҪ볤ﳹбر㣬͵Ժһһó޲֪޲Ҫ˴ֻƽľ̡
öˡ
˴뽻ҪԼȥ泤Щʲô񣬳ûҪ
ͣ䲻ܰʲôæȴҲôûá
꣬ǸӣÿһҵС£֮նٴ죬ҪԸԹ󣬶ͼ֡
óиõɿԾһ
꣬ĿɽϵҷãһҽԵֻٶڡ
һ˱ˮϯٰİҲմմϲֲ֣񱴶Ҳˣܿͻ᳤ɸɰСء
磬õˣѾˣһȺ˸ձѾҲڳסϼգСŮ֡
ڣʱڳңٻһʱϾػأܴĿɽҲֻһ¶ѡ
֪жۣһżŮһ£ٶǸϹˣôͲ̣һ̵ñȳϹġ
ŨŨĲȴ˵ڡ
ıСŮŮԺһȴһ仰Ҳ˵һҲȷ޻˵ˡ
һ׼ûû˾Ų˵޲֪˵ʲôˣľ磬絹ٿˡ
ӵĻ
ǸЦٶңȻˣ˭֪ʲôʱ򻹻һֻǷ˱ĳ档
ŷʹʹϵͷٶıʼСּЩۣһ۱Ƴˡ
ͷֻƽ֪Ǻδš
Ѿˡ
ģٶټߣǳ˿ϵɲ࣬һ޲ܿϹҲһöûСôãҲ»
޲ûеĹ޲ҡͷĻʵЩٶдûõĵǺࡣٶ˼ҲͰˡ
ߣСӿǵ˱˻ԣŮҸСӰģҪ¶ǷıС²顱󾯸档
ԡ
⻰öˡ
ľˣⱲҲģԳ޲̬ȾԲܵõĵزǾԲܵġ
͸ٹ̵¶
ʱ磬ȴһλ֮͡
ˣǱӲɽȥЦһǰǱٶȾɲһĵˡ
Ȼˣ檳ȺǻС¶Ƴ޲öҸĿɽϵҶҸޱȣŹֵ˾ţЦҲǲɣô˵ҲǸү
޸¶ˣʲô¶ɡ
Ͳ֪Ϊʲôϲһٵ¶ˣҪ˵ģѵܰÿһҪ¶˶ϵԶԶģ
ƫҪճ
ܸϼΡ
үʱٰ
㵽С꣬ϹġЦЦǺǵĵǰһ㱴СǿɰˮĸһģŮð޲Ʋǿϧˡ
ǰϹġñһߣҲ֪ҪϹʲôģǰɽҲ֪˭
ף˱ɽ𣿡Ц֪ĵɴۣ˿ûãҪúõ˵˵ôûþͱɽЦ
˵û˵
¶ЦֱԽ磬¶֣¶ҡͷܾߣһ˫Ө۶Ц⡣˵Ŷ
ǰȭͷɲĳֻúÿȭ硣ЦʵԼȭҲ¶ҿģжҪ㡱
Ҫ¶ҡͷԼðɣɽϺܶණòš
ʱòкιϵԺһõŵġ׼˺öö¶ġ
ԺҲòšԵЦǰһվɽһ㣬õͷ˿Ҳ¶ϲݣãҪŮұȥ
ЦһһⱲҪ¶ҾͲһӡ
Ǿһԡƫ⡣
¶СżˣҪޣҲҪ޸ӺɲЦˡ
ˣʲôûĴ𣬡ǱĹĴӣҪԶ㣬ôôʡķ
Ϩ
һһСϨ˻𣬽ȷǲôʺϳܣҪǰˣǿⲻƳ޲϶ôÿˡ
һԷҲǺǵġ
.............................................................................
ڶ꣬ЦԸȢ¶Ϊʵ¶Ц޴Ϊж˻۵ĺܣð϶¶¶Ůˣ˭¶
³ʱЦΪ˾ʧˮ¶ԼˮԲգűȻ˽Ϊôıˮˡ
ǸжǸл¶Ǳжġ
˵ϴ¶࣬ϷҸĲûУ޲һԡ
ƽȴҲƽҸ
һ꣬ٶ꣬ʦˣƫҪҲʦٶտʼǲģǺ͵һʦͬǿɲС
ƫûִܹùˣֻǰͷ˸֡
ʦ
ֲ˳ģǷ˺üΣСֻǵĻ䱾ֻò֮ȥ
һ꣬˴αϱ֪ɫʦ˵ǱҪ£ٶú˷ʱ䡣
˭˼ҵͽܲ˼ҵʦأԺҪǳ˼ҵʦҲһͽܣСĲҶ໰
ʦһЩĪĶ֪Ĳݣ棬͸ɫҰʱʱϷһƻƵģܶġ
룬Ȼ˫ļƣʦǴѧģʦһȱҩˡҩˣѾˡĲ˵ĺ󳾳ʦҩˡ
ѧģΪʲôβһ
ٶܻʵʦʹˣͲˡ
Ͳ֪Լʲô
СӣһʵĴøЪһٶַˣʦĥŸġ

3  43 

ӣȣһı޲ߣӶûκεֻҪ˼ܽһЩκõ۾۵øƵģҲκεƫƫ˺üֽ꣬ЩԼѧʲô

ǳˣ׳Щ
ÿ챻ȷɽ¼룬߲׳ǲй
һգţǳӶģ꣬Ѿʮˣŵؼҵֻʣ꣬ٲץʱ䣬ǵȵʮ껹һ޳ɣһҲûУʱкȥԵ
ʦȥĲУЩԵҶˡͶԲ£еʳȫ˼ҵĶӶҪʼ˼ǲǹԲ¡
ͳԣôϻʲôһֻʴҰ¾ʧڳ˵ĿУǼҪģûûӿɲʵĲԣóԵĸԣڳҿСһ˼ڷһС÷˼ҡ
ĲȥʲôôʦҪҵ۾ɲΪ˱ġ
κõģôκáСӣ֪໰ҲЩѧʲôûſɲûѧš
õʱһӳ֪Щѧʲô
ɲ״ˡ
һҪǿǺ˽ġ
ʦ⻰ʲô˼еˡ
ɱˣͲôʡ
ϻֱۣôܸӱأңҪͨ˾Ͳģһ˫۾֪жã֪ж뵱ͨˡ
Ҫҵʮ껹޲ô죿
ô족˼⣬ľơ
ʦӿʼֽУ˼˵⻰̫ˡֻûһᣬǲǱ˼ҸƭˣͱƭɽļˣҲóͷӾһ˵ֻ㲻ܱ֤κҵ۾
⻹˰һۣҪзκ۾ҲҪͷӵͽܣʦȻҪԼͽܣĻֵ㡱βãûзӣŻҪСͷŪŪԽͽĶΪһˣ˵л
ϡ
γϵܽ޲Ӳĳ
˵ģСҲأĹǸ棬޲ûнһ书ѧȥǿϧˣֻý̸ˡ
һۣ
ͷӣûиûаջƭɽʱ䣬ҵˣ۾ǿҪ˭ȥ
񡱡
Ҿ񣬷ҲǱ̳ģûаκҵ۾ʲôáߣߡ
Ų˷ʱ䡣
³ԵһķǸĪͷӣӷɽһ֮ߣƭôңͷӵճԺ˯ãҪ֮βõ۾Ӳͳ˸ֻ˵󻰵ĲТӡ
⵹ǲҪТӾͲТˣֻҪľͺá
ڡ
սȭŲԽԽ죬գ֮䣬ѾԽɽǰ棬ǸСƽն裬տʼûͣĥһ˫ȱɽԵõģڣһṦ͵ˡ
Ҳûջ
Ҳô壬ûûûεģʵͷ̫ˣȫһƬТķ
ɽŷ֣ûǮƥ𣬳ԷҪǮҪǮǸҪǮ治֪ͷǮģϵĲɣ
û£ҿ;ȥ·˱ǡʶ·Ҫһ죬ʵġ

ҪԵİɡ
⵹Ǹ⣬ɽ֪ûǮʲô¶ð졣
Сӡ˼ҪôǮĳӱ˴Ӻ澾ݺݵĳһѣһǱıڵأûıĥûˡ
̧ۣһе
ƣͷӷʲô裬ҪؼңҪؼңûУҪسҡ
룬ż꣬ȵʮ˵ؼңȥɡ
ҾҪأôҡѾСޣܹԸͷӣ㣬˭øӲӲ
ëëӵ˭üҡͷġ
ҵ㰡ǵĺӣô
ޣ޲ҪģҾʹ죬Ҫ⸱ԣͲ𡱡˵Ȼ֪
ңֲӡ
ͽ
ʱԲǡ
һһٵģڴϣ˵棬ģ˭Ҳ˭
㵹԰һΪʦΪⱲǸӾͱͷӡ
ѪһҧͲɿڡ
͵ˣүүҲˣΪǸˣŻḳ˭֪Ͳô¡
ҾˣôѸߵ˼ң˵Ļɱ꾭˻ҪƣۣҪߣҲס
Ǿһԡе
ˡ
֮ڣ£ӱܻɽϣС˵棬ӵǳ׵Ķˡ
ƵСӣӮңĥɡ
ɶ񡪡
ﲻֱðʮֻ꣬ǷСӣǿɱɳܣҪѧ£ôԶѧ⹫˳ơӡ⹫һֽҲûмǶ֣ٲȻе壬̵˶úܣңʱʱļá
һ͵õȵʮܻȥ
ƭˣƭˡ
һϣɽϷֲĽĶŵѨ˳ӵѨõĶҲȥȴûѨһϣƺ˾ƺ˯ĺܣһҹҲûС
峿¶ɽϵĿµţܶһڱһڡۼʹɤʹһϣǽƵʮ˴ʺˣ˭֪˼Ҿǲ
ۣöÿʡ
ʲôѨô嶼岻ͷӻԼǺˣôõĶ˽ĲϽ̸
ͷӣơûûСԵĻš
ҺóƲƽЩϰ߷ĲںСڣȻ类Ĳˡ
˰죬űƿžƺųӣôʲôʱ˻ȥ緹Ұ
ҧŬԼͣͷȻʹˣһ䶼ûС
ҵѨ
ģû㣬˵գתҪ뿪ˡ
ȵȣʲôĵѨַҽ⿪ʹðˡءΪʲô
תһָ˳ϵѨΪܴԾһô㶫ͰסˣԺȥ߱ҳƵ£ˡ
ˣ
ȥģҲ˵ԼǳƵ£Ͳòء


3  44 

߲ˣһΣӱ㱻ץȥһΣѧЩȴǿЩʦ
ÿһαץ㱻ƵѨһϣտʼǼУԼɤӽ˲ſϰݣһ࣬ҲѧˣÿһζһظظҲٽС
תۣʮ壬꣬Ҫؼˡ
ʱԽƽԽ»ؼңؼ޷κõ۾ȥʲô
ɽɽ䣬Ӵճ䣬װ׵ķһ죬ˣӲżҵķ̾˿
Ҫʮٶǲκõ۾ʱץųһǰġдƸ
ڼ䣬Ƶһˣ泤ӴϢȥģó°ģصСͷôôġ
ʡó޲ΪӳȥǶˡ
ʲôʱŻſɰСʮıССԺȫûֳӡֻ֪ССʱ͸һλүүȥѧˣҪȵʮŻؼء
ΪʲôѧҪôԶȥѧλүүؼѧ𣿶ңΪʲôһҪȵʮܻؼңƽʱһҲҪɡ
벻ء
硱
λүүΪʲô˵һܣΪʲôҪܡܿǲ춼Բλүүͺܴˣ˵Ǻôүү˵ǽʮ㣬ϵ׳Ǻܾ˼Ӧ
Ҳ֪ٺúõ
Ǵ绹ҪŻ
겻̫õġѾȥôˣ꣬ת۾͵Щͻˡ
Ŷ
ҲϣЩֻǣͿġ
ر𽫳޲ķ˽½̸˶⣬ϸĵ泤޲͸
ôôûкתûкú뷨𣿡ƲĵҽСţòǽмٵİɡ
ôЩˣ㲻κãҲЩЧˡ
޲۾Ĳҽǲ֪úηѡ
ʦ޲Ѿöˡ޲ӱ⣬ЩһֱѰҩʩ룬Ϲ֮ǰ޲ȷĿѾܼһЩ
һЩ
ʲô
˫Ŀ񣬰δ䣬˵˵ܼʲôƿɲţ֪޲̫ޡ
ô̫Ůء
ŮͷϿɲʲôٵ¡
ǺںһƬڣǰããһƬżܿӰ޲ʵ棬缺ʦûʲôġ
գƸźⲽô˵ҲȷЩͣںһƬһϣûС
Ϲӵ籾һƬڰ
ǰããһƬܿӰ֤ķӵȷǿеġֻǸʩҩô򵥣
Ҳ޲ҩŰȻģȻһ书޲ƳϵһЩȻҲô
ǿҩʩ룬ԴҲ벻ס
ǡ޲ͷĲ书ṦĵѨַҲ൱ǲܸıϰ䲻ʵ˵ϹѣĳϹϵÿһһʩ룬ôһֱδ䣬ҩǰʱԣѰһõҩıգҪȫûЧշһգûЧ㲻ٷ
ԭô¡Ƶ˵ͷ㻹ĸԸĵҩˣʲôͳʲôҲ³Գëҩֶ˵ҩΣҲǻģ𲻿֪ܲ
𣬲Ҫ˵ҩ޲Զ޲ҲȻܵġϵı飬ǰȻڳƵУʵЩۣǲ̫ˣȻ꾭˵뷨˵޲ҲˣӶʮꡣһԸһԸȻ뷨κۣСӿɾͲˡеĽеķһ쵽ָ˼Ҫѧɲκ۾͵˼ǰ㵹ҵĶﶼôԵ𣿡
Ҳ˭ֻҲҷš
Ҫؿ㲻СһʶڳСͲ֪ʧɽˡ
޲ȻĺһҲˡУݣٶǸʦ鷳ʦ˼ҿٶǸӵķϲҪ̫ƽϲǡ
ӡƺ˺ߣˣǺӣѾʮˣǺӣҲͨĺӡ
ΪˣʦŻٶɽĲ𣿡
Сӡˣƴӵ۵ģǣ鷳ٶСģ;ȥƿɲұ֤ʲôл֮˵ҪˣСӵĸ
ȷ޲ͬ£ǿȻˣٶǲܻؼһ𣿵Ѹߣ޷һžۣĹӣ꣬ʲôģãҲĪּ
ɡƬ̣¾СӵҲȷˣԺԼͲҪи˼Ҹߣ꿪Ҿ
⻰ÿɲԾ
֮أ
ڳңҪɽͷҲֵĴΣ˭˲֪вģΪǳСɽ϶ôҲʵΪϹͷˡҲĴ߶
ʦԳҵĴ£ѱʦͽһݡ
ʲôݡƴӴֵĽ޲۾Ϲžͱ鷳ʩҪ˱
ǡ
Ȼ֪֪ʷԽԽȥˡ
Ҳпܡ
ҳԵ˿ɲ࣬ҳƵۣǸӣǾ͸ףҲ˼ң޲ӵȷº͵ģֻǶӡ˵ƲĴҡͷ
⸸ӿǲ̫ˡ
ĵҵ񣬵ȵȡүүƽʱҲһ嶯ˣˬǺܵԵ
ٶ
裬ȫûйأһ㶼ɰصңɵô¿ʼôʦûѶӽ̺ãɱϡǲεġ
ʦţпˣСԸ컯
޲Ц
ſ֪ٶʲôӣСʱҲҲйɵʱ䣬ֻżŻһĪ͵Ҳˡ
һʦͱϣ޲֪ġ
Ǿͺáˣˣ˵¶˵ˣʦҲҪˡ
ߡ
Ÿյûá
ʦڸס𣿡
סˣסɽɽСӻָʲô꿪֮ǰҵûȥҲģʦͽϵһӳϵģпʦ᳣ģʦϵò붯ˣʱٹڳǸš
޲š


3  45 

꿪ɽȴδϻسңѰķķӻõģֻҪʱһܷ书ʣڻؼ֮ǰŬľԼһġ
עôѧԵһôҲޣҲˡ
һٵĵطȥ꣬ȥѰƶöǲ̯˵ǰǲǵ
ô궼ûκãģҲ̫ϣ
ֻ룬پ
үۣܿ˵Ѱõķ۾һԸĶŮʲôģ
ɽԽڵģӽ¹ɼһ㣬һ߼죬ϼ·ҲģĪ֮ǰӵö౻׷ö࣬һѵṦ
ʮĳѾһˣ彡ûûʹģϰ䳤Ѳ˶
һſЩδٲȻǸˡЩҲɳ˲٣֪ȷΪ룬ֱϵʱ򣬲ŷ֣ȷѧ˲ٶһ㶼˽ֻҪҪѧƱ̡
һ̵̣Ϊֹ
ӵ䲻糤ƣȴҲ߳ɣֻҪټŬųǲģһɣҪ˵ˡ
ǿ
˼·ӲҵһСɽׯǻ˼ŴϢ˵СֲҩΪɫĲҩǼöˣЩͷҩݣҲҵ
ֻǣһСӼΪܣ֪һطĥӲݵĲŵõϢ㱻˼ŵŮܵÿ죬Ⱳӵɾôװ׵Ķˡ
һĴɽһĵɽ֮Уϸƣֻ֪һܵɽȡ
УһأʻԸֲҩģļﶬҩҲԷֵüΪա
ÿһ˱ҩĳȣúü۸ٲɹһЩصһֻһΡ
ָ˽ף׵׼͸¶κϢ
ҩʮʮϵȻɫ۸ֹ˽֮⣬ΪıֻҪ˫⣬һ£̫ѡ
ֻڣһֻĴ峤֪Ϊ˽֮ʱΪȫһ·Ȳǲ˵ģԿڴڵҲûܿԡ
һȫ˶֪ģҪ壬ǿɾеˡ
ȷ
˰죬һ۵ĶѨҵڡ
ڵȷһأ£ûеô⣬һһ㣬ɫҩݣֵǵضǡ
˱ǵĶҩζ
һ˲òĿ࿴ĵطͷҲҩӻû˵
˭һСӣԼĪֻ꣬ﻹǣǶ컯ˮմСһ֣һоҲûС
΢ɼüôС˭ҵİ
磬㵽˭ΪʲôûмŶգһԿɰĴ۾аˣСӵĻпûаĲԾӶ뺢ƽӣĶ԰ɡ
ǣģܵ䡱
䰡ܺõ֣¸ĸԼĺ˫ȫ޵֡
ܴȥҸ𣿡
˭
峤
ΪʲôҪҴ峤峤ڼﰡԵ峤ļȥͬƹùء

ӵĻȷӺĵѻ˵꣬ٺ·峤ļ·ٵĴˣĿѣȴûǰѯʣóӺһ죬Ǹ˰
úõһӱˣѵһоû
е㻵ģ˿ɾȫˡ
ĺĽȫռΪУⱲҲʲôˣóССӼΪӡ
ģܵȥˣһҡʮµŮ˼Ҵҵ˹һѱסģܵܿأףλ˭ŷ֣˸ˡ
³ӣ峤
峤˶˺ðΣſڣҴ峤ʲôǴ峤ɲ˵ģûʲô£Ͽ뿪ɣкô
ллѣֻǣһǧһҪ峤С
ΪʲôһҪ峤
Ҫ¡
Ҫ£ԥƬ̣ɣСȥ֪峤һ峤Ҫ㣬ʱٴȥҴ峤峤㣬㻹ǿ뿪ΪáˣҲδֵʲôô
Ǿʹˡ

3  46 

峤Ѿʮ⣬ȴʮͷλǰСһΪƹùá˿Сһɡ
ãͬҩݲͬ˶ҲһĲͬ
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﹫һ·ԶֻΪ˰ݻ᣿峤Ȼͼ̸£ʵ볤ӡеĴ峤ؼĲǰλȫһѧʶϢ
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3  47 

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