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 1 

ԶһڰѺʱһشǰ绰 
һͲƲ磬ԶȻסߴ޳ͣȴڲסһȻī۾סˣȻܿóӲǿ 
Ǻܺͳƽȡдԣϧ 
ǾͶһһšһ㡭ҽб£ 
ȻתԶſһ߲һỊ̇Ӷһ·쵽¡ 
ʦ̤߹ͬʱ˵ôģ֣ǰʦú𣿣 
ץ첲ʧԶЦλڵļƣѾǺƼɽץͣȻװģʾá 
ţѾǰֵʦãĸ 
ҲҲǡԶûֻ֣ 롯ʲô𣿡 
ϵģص롱֣ǰ˺еΰؿһȻʼͣԲʦұȷǿˡ 
ԶһǻشЦһ£ջֻյּ˵绰˵ 
ճƺԶ 
ŮʿҴ绰˵Ҫ֣ԭͬһΣշӡĵܵȥЩΣΨһˣҲΪҵԭġʦǶ˸ģһҵ̸̸вУ 
ԶĬشһ˵Ҳأ 
һ¡ 
ԶЦһղŵĵ绰Ǵİɣ簡ҲϣǲҲҪһһŶ 
룬ʦˣŻȻ˵ֻɺϣûб˼롣 
ԶƲƲ죬ëãôī̸ûò𣿡 
ȥԥһ£Ȼȥժī 
硣֮һһҪֹ 
˰֣ʾûϵһժīһ߽˵ʦҵ۾ǰ˵ˣе΢ļᷴӦǹء 
ȷкѪ˿۽ǻδɢ࣬ǵô۽ȥĿֲ˰̣˲峺ȷʵϡƲǵ˰̵Ļ֮Ӣ 
ԶĿ⡣ 
ʦûʲôѧʲôòԵģԭ¡ú̸̸ءص飬ǡ 
ˡԶһδ˺ܶ࣬Ķ̸㲻վ̸ɣ




 2 

ʦáڰӺͰ˵ 
ԶĬĬؿһɽ亣ζԼʢɽ亣ζʵԼĲϲõ˱ǵĸɫʻԼӱϵü˳۵ĺڵСǣһǿѹŲͷ˵ΪҪ̸飬ǺҳԷ 
˵ʦ°࣬һҲˣǳ̸Ƿ˲Ͽζ 
ԶαϣҲ 
Ĭһͷ˵Ǿ̸ӣ˰ɡ 
ü˳۵ıԴһıЩʵĶΰߣʾҲվԶԶģϴʦֻ֮ʣ¹⻬ĵذ塣 
˺ڵСǵĻţԶƽ˲٣ƳһۣȻۿǴۿľذ·ֻʦ˰ɡ 
Զضһ 
ǸúӣС壬ͷҲáȶҲǸߵġϿҵ˵õģߵ飬ûв͹ 
Զ˵ 
ʦ˵ҶҲءҸ˵ʵԼ·Ͳ׵ܵҲߡҲѧƾԼŬ 
ܡԶ˵ 
ʦ 
Ĳ˵ǮĶģԶ̧ۿʱһѧĶǮջعҵôôĹĸһϵҲûУһЦûоùϵܵýһ硯ɣ 
üͷҪ˵ʲôԶѾվ߹ǰ۾ʣ۰ɣ 
СŲһ¡ 
Զִսһ㣺ǵϵĹҲţ˵Ǹڱ㻹ۡ϶ٱʹ˰ɣǶ֣ҲǶĽţЩҲģҹĵǣһٱسʹʱô֤˲ǣЦʱ£ô죿 
û˵ 
Զֱ˿̾˿ǱֵַͨͥĪ鷳ֻһܵܣҲֻһá 
üͷĿ⣬ϵԶԼѵƿԵѧ 
ߴĺڵɳϣȥȴĺܿա 
Զ޶һĻûгڣĬ֮䴫ݡ 
һԶźһ˵ûµĻؼˣ컹пΡ 
æʦȥ 
ԼУſڡ͡ļӳֿϣԶɫ˱䣺ˣҲעĿ 
ۻеģ˵ʦǻƴǣҲİһ㡣 
ԶСܳſѾͣһ͵ĺɫγ 
ٿǰĳԶԥ˾Ѿѳ 
ʦšݹһӣӰθڷǳǸŵҹɡ 
Զ룬˹۾ϵ˵˾лл 
س̵·ϣ˾ޱһﲻԶĪꡣ 
ȥȷ˵ģ֮ͽ롣 
ԣּᶨظԼЩֶŵˣͲˡ 





 3 

أ㵨С 
Զصҵʱڲſţ̧ͷֻ۾׵øƵġ 
Զ̾ʮʱĸ˫˫ȥʮøүү̳󱻹ߵõСֽڼѧУѧϰԼ˺ܶĸԡүүȥøԼסԼҲؿʼһ¶ɵӻ˵Ļûޡ 
硣С˵˼ͰһôףộҲ˵취 
Ͳºڵİ취ǰȻʬԶ߹ȥѲͺзϣûУóԵġ 
ŲôߣӦ˵ú̸̸˵رòرãӡĹ۵İ 
ȷرòԶͷ 
Ǹ硪۾ģڴؿ 
СԶ˵òΪܵܵĹϵҶӡûκθĹۡԸ޵ͨ˼Ҷģ붼롣 
ǣˣĺϲôôãûаҶԷˡ 
Զҭҭòʤƣɴһӣͷ˵Һѡһɡ 
һ£ԶøףһȻſϣ 
Զ֪һųСԲвҪֻҪ뷨ڿӣĵͬʱҲܿͷ˱ˣеǣֻһȥϴѷˡ 
ءž˦֣߷ߵؿ޺Ǵ󻵵Һ㣡Һ㣡Ȼվܿˡ 
ԶܻԼ䣬ˤţȻʹ޵ε̾ϵĲͺУȻһʳҲûУôЮ˼ӡ 
ؿ˰СʱȻСȥûˡԶƿſһ£Ѿ˯ˣɫɰĴ޵ʪһƬ 
Զ̾ȥñȽϸˬһ࣬ϱӡ 
ǵģҪǰүүڣԼͲôˡ 
ûлԼ䣬̨Ϊ̺ü꣬˺þҲûҵһ֧̣˸ 
գﷳúܣһ뵽ǻô뵽ºʹȰӣ뵽ʱڿֳʵһ뵽ػĶãǺԼãԸ񵽵ҪҸʲô˼Ҳܷģܸοµĸĸ뵽ȷʵܳأҲܿɿӣϧ̫ͥΣˣǸ켫ر˹񣬿һѪ̫ˣγʰ˵øһҲֵ𣿿ǣҲ˵ԼҲһ㶼ѵ˵ġ 
ǧٸͷȥԶعʱѾˡ࣬ͷûĲ˺ҳڡ 
Ȼط俴һ£˯ȴµۣѹֿһء 
ԶĬĬȥ룬Ūˮ󵰣룬ѼǶʢõϡ 
һĿϵ޾ɣѧǵʵ 
ؼ·ϻڵڼһ᲻벻һûǸӣԼĻֲҲﻺ˻ȥг㣬ϲԡ 
Ҿˣˮûȴˡ 
Զϸش绰ػ 
绰Ҳǹػ 
Ҫ绰ָûֻšӦеģԼǳϹϵȻһֱûҪ 
ļǵسţ¥סŵһ裬䣬˵ؽѳˣǿ޿ĺʲôί 
Զż⣬ƾ˵дĵַϴߴ˾㡣 
Ƕ˾ε˵ܷܲɰɡ 
ԶǿԼ侲Ŵŵľɫš 
أǧҪ¡ȻȻôԵȥİ裿





 4 

ϴ̨֣߳ϴˮˮѾǳɫ 
ˣһ˳ϴּſڡ 
ҵѪ˵ 
˭ˣؿſϣþûԶˡ 
鲻áƲƲ졣 
ƭɣ˭Ǳ鲻ðһЦݾ͸һ欵ķϡ 
ˣ¡ùϴ̨ë֣ô˳ɣ 
Ǻùһ㣬ǲô⽣Ӱġе⣬ɨȥˣǴһţҪǮɵ֡ 
ŵ̫󣬡´һΣɲСˣžϲˡ 
ü˵¶ء֪֪޶ܻˡ 
üëʲôǰһӱѹŴָԹأҲɲ򡣡 
ҿһ£߽ѹ˵ϸиͻ˵ͥйһʼţҲ֪ͥɲ˽񽣬ͻǶȨƵģ޵úܣСǱ˵и۶а̡û뵽СѹŻ˲飬ôţ 
ôţ 
ٻҧгݣģһѧòʼѵ氡 
ü鵽Դ𣿡 
鵽ˡ˵ǻģǵ޶һ£ŽСǸЩ¶ҿɻû˵ȹ۲һܲܶɼڡͥտŵ㣿ߣҲ˲飿 
˼һ 
磡һܵϴּſڡ 
ŻŵĸʲôβصɹȥߵģһضûС 
¾ȵغǡ磬ָǱ绰˵Ǹʦ 
һۣϱ첻˵ˡ 
ˡ룬˵ȥͥ 
αǽڣЦúţʲô°ôżߣ 
һۣ¡ 

Զ˲֪ڼʮرʱֻˡ 
̽ͨƽȵش 
ʦ 
ס 
ʦģһֱ˸һڶû¡ 
Զ˿Ķ 
ѵ绰Ӱɣ 
Զһ°ΧˮйͨޱСǣֻλ 
һδǰһӹֻ硣һ˵ˡ 
Ȼ𾴵ذֻԶ˵Զ磬ɡ 
ԶӺŷӦ 






 5 

ڻվԱߵСùݱסģǱȥʡֻϵƱ˲й䣬ͽ˼Сùݣ滮õδˡ 
û˵ȥȭߣһһӵŵشڲͣкΪʲôŹңҪڵҽô䵽زôô磿㲻䵱Ҹ磡 
ɫ˵ſ 
֣Ҫǰ壬һŰڵϡ 
Զϵʱ򣬾ͿһѪڵϣӣǸѵ˲ĹΡӲڵˣѧ椣 
ߵֱԣһҲԼԸģû㣡Ҹ㣬ҲǮ 
Ǯʱ򲻼˵ģһȭθϣʹ˵ţɣбңֻҪһţû 
۾ˣҪٴϤСһ֪ϽȰšС 
˭磿ڵ£浱Լ¶˲𣬳һϣ 
⻰һڳСɫˡ 
ŭЦƿԼСǣߵǰ¡Ҫ治ԣһָǶҾ͵һĹ 
һѪĭµϣףΪһ㻹вң㻹Ҷָɱҵˣ費ΪҪ㵱Ҳᡪ 
һ߳ȥҽһ 
ڵʹ÷ȭͷýģż 
ǶҳԱߵŵòˣؿǰһĻ 
һƬĬ֮УԶѹζ߹ȥ 
ĽŲŤͷһȻ¶һ΢Ц 
ʦز÷ˡ˿һһٵģҪ˵ڳˣҪ˵ԼΪûеܵˡ 

˵߾ߣǳɴࡣµԶһ112ȾȻߺֻػ˼ҡ 
صҲŷֻüδ磬쵼ͬµĺ룬һȻѧʾĵĶţ޹ʿ죬Ҳ֪ĿôġԶֱδ˸绰Ǹ˳뼸٣ԷƣҲûʲô˼͹˵绰 
رһ죬־˷ǳϷ绯Ϳֲ飬ƣûгԼھ˵ܣϹȻ˵ա 
ԶιҩطϢȴֲš 
رŸĸ첲ɪɪͣšÿ¡ÿ¡ؿһֱڵҹų˯ȥ 
Զñط䣬Լڼת˼Ȧûҵ̣ɳϣһһĥ¡ 
ֵܲͻǴͨϷϷֵ̨ʿ̫ˣҪ˵ϷôֵôƫƫʱѣǲϷζѪԺǵȦ˶ֵ֪ϾϵĻǲǣؼֺһԼܲͬ⣿
ž͵ɳ˯ˣμģĽŲתͷһ˲ĿһֱҪԼϴ۾ķŭʹ࣬Լرֱֱֻظӡ 
Զ˵ȥҽԺһΣһˮ˵Լһ߹ǣ˵׺á 
Զûص飬Ҳ̫ᡣʵҲ죬֮ﲻ֪˵ʲôԶܿ͸ǳͷʱ֣һĸţֻⴲر塣 
˺üŴӴξȥ˲١רƱҵһֱɢڼңھȻʼҹͶǳԡһܸ˵ػ˵мҷزԸȥʵϰȥ¥С㡣 
Զ룬ģ˵ȥ¥˵ȥҡû뵽ԴϰԺʮ㣬ÿһ˵Ҫϰ²ġԶĩʱȥĵطһΣԶԶøһ￴ȥµŮͬ˵˵ЦЦҲûȥԼĵػؼˡ 
Զʹһûϵûѵĵԥһ˵ûУŵģͲдϡѡˡԶû׷ףǰ̫ܵϵ·̫Ҳ£οһٶڼԣܺƿء 
ҲָܿȶԶԼƽ 
ֻżһʱĪͻֻǸڰͷĿ 






 6 

£ѧУ˸࿼񡣿ĩѧвΣֻڱĳСѧ 
ԶһҲûʲô£ÿζᱻšҲǺ⣬˿֪ǱһЩ깫Աνԡ 
࿼ȤԱĿŵףԶֿԵè壬ҲϰԵӶżʵļһ￨СѧҵСС棬ش⣬Ҳġ 
վӣװܷ⣬Զḻֽ˼࿼ߵʱеĿŸոշˡ 
ſˮйͨͣ߼γԶȥһһĥٿǮʲôײһϡ 
Բף 
Զһ̧ͷˡײ£ţпеĳʷǳºͣҪǵ̣ԶΪԼϴˡ 
һۣԱվһ¸· 
͸ʶһ 
ԶûȻԾô߿ȥгʲôؼ緹ǲ֪ĳ嶯ʹ˵ 
ϲңԼУͺƵġ 
еԾһ˵ʦҲμӿԣ 
࿼Զܺ棬ôѵμӿԵģ 
ǣˡ˵ 
ʲôˣԶ仰ֱԼ 
ȥԾˣԶûü˵Բ㲻˵ҲûϵѾشϴѡ 
滹ϴ󣿡ԶȼˣȻӦⲻص㣬ϴԱ 
ı鶺ЦˡҵȻҲϴ󣬲Աҽӵѡ 
ŶԶͷ 
ֳﲻ֪˵ʲôĳ棬Զȥʱγͬǣȴ뿪 
ʦʲô𣿡ʡ 
Զ˼ҲҲʲô£ֻöЦЦ˵ˣ´ټ 
ټ 
߳һ·Զͷһۡԭأֲţп㶵վֱֱأôôꡣ 
Զһ綼ǸıӰķҡرŸżż磬ԶȦ¹· 
أҿõš 
شӦţ۾û뿪ӡ 
Զҹյһ·ԼסСԶˣ̧⳵ 
˾ĵе΢ŤԶȫϾҪȥgayɵ˲ǺܳС 
ձҵˣô˵ΪʦԾҲԼһסòȥĴ˺ܶࡣ 
ʵڰ಻סԶַĿڣǻĶŵĪ꣬ʹеؿ˵¡ 






 7 

һ̤Զȵ̨Ҫ˱ƣȻĴûˡջ˺ü͵۹⣬ʱĿһˡ 
Բˡ 
ԶתͷʾƱǱǸô£ 
ƱűָķһۣЦЦˣɲˡ 
ԶüMB 
ŲɣƱسϣȻؽܣ͵ͦ˵ģ崿ۣžһ 
ǸԶ߷ߵ롣߹ȥһ˼򡣡ѧҵ𣿡 
ǸкôһʳһͷǾĪĿɿڴؿ˵ 
ڽ棬ղĸӺȻڣһ£ 
عҵ˵ʦǡҸ硭н 
΢΢һЦֳһ֮ʦ 
ԶڽԱߣżɽ˵֪֪δꣿ 
ȷûʮ꣬˹ؿڣͨһʮϲʮĹԼͶΪҪԴģΪȫΪˡ仰˵˳˳ģ˵ˡ 
ʲôͶ룿Զһӻ 
ббһۡбҪúøʦվ𸴡 
Ŷõġ㣬ߡվȽ£ʦǲ㺦ҡ 
Զ˵ 
صͷţȻʲô̧۶һЦʦҲ 
Զǵ˵ 
ʦУſڼ͵̴£һͷϸе߳ŭ˵ʦǸѽû͵û 
Զһŵý˿Ƶ˵ûʦ˵ȱǮ 
۾һգϸĵЦʦүǧҰˡ 
ǵô˵ 
˰죬˵ˡԭ⺢ǰոշԼһ㯴˺þò֪ôҵgay׳ŵӸ˳۵Ĺһϣû뵽ڶѹûˣͷȴһǮϾСױջһǳµһǿǮףɴͰ˸ҵ 
˵һ飬Ȼ󲻰ش۽ǿԶʦǧҰ֡ 
Զͷʹһ̫ѨһʣǸղʲôҲɣ 
ǣǺϰ塣ױƵ˵ʦͥûУ 
һʲô
ϰǽͥϰ塣۾ģȥǱ߸ɡ 
ʲôԶò 
һͥ߼ϰ˵ˣһЩĿǣǡ 
סססԶЦãСӣְҵ滮ͦԶ 
ʦô˵໰۾һգһգɰ 
ġԶҲ¶ֵ 
˵ˣһСڣʦҲҰֶҸͦĵģûʲôáھǮԼˣⲻʡ𣿡Ȼ죬ҰǲȱǮʲôûҸ˵˺üҪMP3˵תͷѧǼǵ 
Զ£ֻԽԽίСʱҷյʱѧҲң˭ӣҵҲϣұȡѧѧѧСԼֻMP3·û֡ҰԼû֣ 
Զۼ˵˵ᶼʼȦתˣֿɺֿ̧ͷʦôʦ㶼ʮ˲ϱԹ㣬룬ҪҸ绰˵MBôӦ 
ʦɱ𣡡ŵðס֣Ұֻҵģ϶ҵģ϶ĵġ 
ˣᶼˣ㣿Զֽݸ 
ᣬԼ˰ȶֿڿ󣺡ʦҰ˵ 
˵ԣ 
ʲôһۣȻ˫أʦ㲻˵ 
Զһϣʲôأҿɲͯ񱡣 
죬ʲô 
תˣѧУǸʲôϰ壬Զ㡣Զ˵þͲˡ 
֪ˡԹԵصͷʵұҲûȥǾͳְҵˣǩͬ 
ԶЦЦԭ㲻ɵ 
һۣ˵ǾرƣֲҰֻ֪ͬ࡭ 
ԶͷҲͦΪġͷɵˣʲô 
ֿˡ 
ԶۼԼɴһ·ѽͻؼңŴͷɥߡ 
ڶѧΣӣشػǵֱͬԶЦ˿Σӻǿɰ 
û뵽Ͼͳˡ 
ŵʱӵ绰洫ѹ˵Ļҵʦҡ 
Ķ 
ڽͥҡ 
ͨˡ 
Զȥ˽ 
ؽԶ˼š




 8 

⳵ûͣȣԶӳһŴ󳮾˳ 
ͥװ޵Ľ̻ԻͣԶһߡ 
ãʾĻԱӭԱ 
°һŻԱԶ˵ 
ӭᡣ80Ԥ8ˢߡ 
Աǰ棬Զں棬׼ҸȥȴһۿһϤӰ 
ʲôţŬ롣 
ӣ 
δ󺺻عͷؿԼʶꡣ 
һΪϴأ㰡ԶѺõ΢Ц 
ӿȥеãȻ 
̫ˣԶļ򣬡˴Աôȥأ 
ӻǺãȻ 
ôŰɣԶɴסļ򣬡ҽȥˡ 
৵һ£첲˦Զе۵żֻĴɫص˭ˡʲô 
ػԶãȻ 
һƣ̹˼סԶƴϴק˽ͥ 
ɫظݺݵطŻһǮô߼Ļ϶ĵ£ҾģѾһϣʲôԼȥҿ㣬һΣһΣߣ 
ְԶڵϣӺ˽ͥ 
ĵ̡Զ૵ظţɫӵشӵ 
ͳֻĵ绰룬ȻܾҲϵˣһֱûɾ 
ȥ᲻ӣܲܰæһĮӣԼô죿Ҫ 
Զһ㣬뵽ΣգڰָͨȻڷ 
绰ͨˡ 
ιȻƽ 
Զ 
Եȡ 
绰ˡ 
Զеɥŵذѵ绰õǰζӳ¡ 
ʦ 
߾ȻԶ𾪵̧ͷ 
һӽͥĴ߳һ߻˵ʦ汧ǸղӸ˵ˣ±Ƚ³çǧ⡣ 
ûϵԶ˵ 
е㲻ڣʲôǲ 
ǡԶԳȻӣб㡣 





 9 

ΣǲǴкʲô⺢ˡ˵ 
ϵ绰ڶԶ˵ʦѧûʲô£һĵһɡˣȵʲô𣿡 
ˣллԶҿ˿ǡİ칫ң 
ҡҡͷʦЦˣʲô칫ңǼϢңϲڱרõˡ 
ԶŶһ˳Ĭ˰죬ûס׿㿪𣿡 
ҪЦʦ濴ҡ 
ԶĪ˿ȴ־Լеˡ 
εЦţ 
ͬʱһЦ⴫ˣƭϢͦͨ㲻˵𣿡 
ţһһµ˱Žںڸġϰ塱 
˰ѽŵɳϣԶ룬˫ղĳ죬һ־ӣɴΪģǰգ 
޷Ӧ 
Զһ̧ۿ 
תͷȥʺΣôˣ 
һΪͨҪʣ˵ҩԭҪؿԶһۣȻһĿ˸λ˧磬㲻ʦ𣿡 
Զһǻŭ𣬺޲ȥһ٣˼ҵĵ̣οҲͻˣ̣Ȼġ 
鷳ҩˣ 
һ粻ԣϵЦݸáҿɽⲻˣѾˣ˭Բǳ԰˭ɡ 
˵һۣȻתˡ 
ಽظȥԶļ٣Ҫ׷ȥְסˡ 
ģ⺢û¡̸ƽԶĽ꣬ˮݣ˯һͺˡ 
ʾԶϢһţǸĺԡҡ 
ѽŵԡԡˮ 
ˮ̼鴤£ 
֡ȾҡʦȾҡ 
ܿϾʪһƬֲˮᡣ 
Զŷǳʹתͷǡ⺢ӲԸ⣬ôô 
תĿ⣬װڴóһ̵֧ϣû˵ 
ԶȻʶһο̡ 
ôش֮ͽôشԶ̾˿ޱȾɥ 
ԡֻɳɳˮˮ壬˸磬۾ת飬Զʱ۾һ¾ˣһֱ˵İĸС 
ʦſڡ 
Զˮӣˮ̳ 
ˡûڵķ 
ôߣǵͳƽȣղԶûȰѧɰɣȻð 
̣һһɫĶ 
Щԡԡ۶ûùáԶĽһۣҪǲؼңҾǻҡ 
鷳ˡԶǲ 
Ѿʼˣ仰ֻǰ˰֣ʰ˾ɣſڵǡ




 10 

ϳǰӵϣʱһֱĬ 
ԶŽں£ԽԽ޲õͷѽͥһѻˣϧ޷ʵ֣һɰһ·һֱݺݵشӺӾ·ͿԼƵġ 
ˡͣ³ 
Զ򿪳ţѽ 
߹˵Ұ 
ˡԶѽһֻ첲浽Լϣ䵭 
վվǺãءתȥš 
ԶıӰ֪Ϊʲôһ
 
ʡ 
Զ֪˵ʲôˣֻ㶵ؿ 
ɻʣʦ𣿡 
Զûֻ˵лл㡣 
ЦЦ鱾ǳģؿ 
ԶԼܷ˵ǡ 
ϳܿ쿪ˡԶֱӰӲŴŽ¥ 
ʦ˭ȴȻѹֲסġ 
ԶĬ˺þò˵ˡ 
ʲôʲô˰ 
ôԶҲ˵ˡ 
Ҿȸʦ˵绰˵·ĵͶɴؼҼġʦлһһ 
Ȼ֮һܿذ˿ͷѽúã͸Իطȥˡ 
Զٴʧߣչ̵ӡƬ촽״ãģܸӣɫ̹죬һȻ˫΢΢ſһֹĶ³ʱս㹻֪ʲôζ 
ѹʱ֪Լղ˯ˣǽϵӱʾ룬СһƬʪճ塣 
ҪһڿҪϴֻҳԼֻһҳǸ־ؿ˺ܾá 
Ȼɾ롣






 11 


Ҳ֪治֪С˵ڵϿţҾΪǸɢƷģ治֪޶ˣ治֪ 
ǾԩˣƽɢſֲϢûбңֻǱ˵㡣 
ŵŵһһŲ磬ҾǱ˵㣬ûб㡭ҾǱ˵㡭ˡ 
۾ûһ˵¶ȣ±Ӵɣ 
һ̧˵Ǻǹڡ 
ŵˣεѵذһ˵˵磬ʲô˵ 
ȥʻʹ˸ɫ 
¼˹˳ȥһˮա 
ǡƨӶűӣһкذ壬һߺ߳ȥ 
޶Ȼ鷳ǶҾ˽˶Թһۣ㵱ǳġ 
ҲǸ°βм˵ȻһЦ˺ˣϱ̬ˡ͸¶£ôģǸСζɣ 
ͻؼˡ˵ 
ǰɣӢ۾׷氡ײײļ򣬡ҸԿԴˣΪпС˵ģСıǸʦǸģѧþˡ 
޹ء 
βˣ˵Ҫʲôʲôʱ򻹻 
Ĭһ˵˾䣬ԺҲˣǺӲԸ⡣ 
˵ʲôл˭˭ԸⰡһ£ϷȻԽԽ÷ʼ˭ԸⰡ˵˭ԸⰡ˼˭ԸⰡԸ˵˵Ը⡪ 
侲㡣ץס֣ϵһߣֳϷʲô񾭣 
αһ֪Լʧ̬ҿ˿ 
Բ𣬺ΡӰˡ̾Ǹ 
κһ˵ҲҵġҪѧ׷棬ǣǡ 
˵Ǹʦѡ 
εɴ۾ŵؿ㣬ֱ˵ȥˣʹ۲˵ֵܵܿ⻹ûԳأϸŰæ㡭 
̾˿УڣͲܺġ룬˵Ҳ£˾ô۶Ǳ䲻ˣֺڵòʹ죬οأ 
û˵ 
ôѧѧңʱְļ򣬺һЦԳֵӣóԾͳԣ˯˯棬Ⱳӹòֵ 

ԶһɾֻţźһӶġ 
ȻǸֻŵʱҲѴһɾˣȴ÷ǳܡͺԼĳܵԸܲʵһ£ܲԸһһ 
׷˺üνˡ飬ֻԶ⡣ʱһҲˣÿοԶǸˣϿʱе㲻ȥ 
ѹϣòŬԼһЩʱ䡣ⶫһԽѹ֣Խǿҡ 
ҹʱеججģȻϿεʱǿ񣬵һ¿ξֻſڰ칫ϣԿհһ 
ͬĽ鳤һͰĴ˵С룬ǲʲô¶ 
ûСͷҲû̧ 
ˣ 
ǡ 
ôûɵģ 
в֮ܳᡣ 
ͰĴ㰲ʮӣһαԶͷϡ 
հҸصġӳ﷭һű֤ӹиȫʡֻȥһ°ɣصڸƳǣɽˮģ˳㻹ұһ١ 
Զ֮һ˳УѸƳǵɽˮͶԼĹעü죬ͣʵļԼͷԣԼûһ˿ȥһˡ 
ͬȥֻ˶ǸȺˣļ϶ȲȥɽˮҲԸڱ˿壬һ˲֪ߵʲôطȥŷ糾͵ػ 
ֻǰһ죬쵼ȫһ¿Ұɽ 
ɽܸߣҶ³ȥˣԶһƫƧɽ·ͽǰС 
֪˶ãɽ·һת·һªС 
ǰϥһݲϵĺУһۣԱһԵʩֽ򡱵Ĵӣ˸滹һЩСֺͻ̵ͼ 
ԶȻúƣһƨϺߣϺǸĲֻۣһöǮӲҡ 
ȥǺС֣ǹѭӦˬļ򵥸ҥɱ˵úι˵úιаúιԶؿ˰졣 
ͼڽ˶ܵĸֳͽ䣬⣬ɽ͹һ㡣 
ԶһۣǻʹѣסԼͷס 
ϺסˣΡΡʣôˣ 
Զҡҡͷ֮ 
ѱȫǮ࣬еǮһٶ飬ȫŵϺеĲ棬ֱһŽȥˡ 
ϺĿɿڴͰͲ֪˵ʲôԶȴͷҲصԭ·ɽˡ 
һ۶ٿźơ 
һ·ͷ죬ȸԶϢƽ 
ΪȻܣʲô׵ģ
óֻǸȻɾĵĺ롣 
ָͨͣƬ̣ȻһЦ˵Զǲˣ 






 12 

磬ġСܵĺڵСܱеָ֣̿硢ͷˡ 
һǰխڣû˵ߵһڷСͷϣͲҪ˵ϻ 
ȷߣʡ 
ǡСͷ㱨ǰͰѡ첡ˣطСֹͬȥ߰ģǡǾˣ߲ҽȥ²ע͸ˡ 
š侲طԸҸǽȥѡ 
ӿ˷Сһۣϻȥɣ 
ġЦЦطסʮ꣬úܡ 
ϣͼºܿɢŤ˹յӺͲƼªķһѰ 
µӲݴשһԴðʯ顢שͷͲԵǽڰ߲࣬еǽ϶ѷ졣 
ؼӣתһխĹսǡ 
ǰǽͷ֪ʱˣӲݵשͷסȥ·һֻɹɵèʬһȺ˽еĲӬ 
Ҫת뿪ȴվס˲ӬԼĸζսǾèʬüͷ 
Сһ£ԽǽͷԺпȥ 
һصķϣŶһء 
˰ԵǽͷȷȽι̺˽ȥСƿϵУһ 
ǼѷŴССǳƿƿ޹ޣû˲Ĵ̨Ҳġ÷ǳ衣 
ǽߣٲһŴ￴һۡ 
Ȼ 
ƿƿ޹޵ķ϶һСӰű֪ڰŪʲô 
Ѽ谭жĹϢŲСĵ̤һȥذס 
ˡڴֻȻ 
һͳذ׾Ҫȥ 
һ̧ͷȴСѾһ޴ӰѸ 
̧첲ॡһصչͷϡ 
ġ˲ϲ鿴˿ڣһŷ߰߿ץһ˴һ 
ܿͶȭѰСӴſڵϡ 
ֻţһŲӱϣͳֻ 
Զºöĳֱϲõ 
ʱ䣬ţش𣺡ʦá 
áԶЦˣһأͻȥˣԷ͹𣿡 
ڵϰСӣС쳤֣ȥԶһ鲣 
ڴ绰ôʲôֱӸ˵ͺá 
ǿЩ˵ 
ʲô𣿡 
û£ֻǳԶٷ˵˵ѡ 
ԥһ£Զ˵ллϴΰæȻԻؾ˵æҲᾡǻû˸˵ôͷĻ 
ܻҪæֲ˵ɡһЦǺðɣ϶û¡ 
֪ˡԶȥ鼫ãһҰѾʱ͵ص㷢Ÿ㡣 
õġ 
 
СѾ鲣£ҪյøΣһᣬȻһֻزֺݺڵϣƬѾǲˡһ 
۵÷һ亹ش 
 





 13 

ٵһӣһԶܾĥ 
¥ݿڵʱ࿴ʮαˡ 
Բҵſڲͣȥ³λʦõˡ߹ܱǸ˵ 
һӣҶûоԶ±㡭ԼģΪ㶼ר˾ 
ЦЦżǴңô磬ǻб¡ 
żѾܲˡԶҲЦ׼õĺӡ֮ǰȥƳǣز˵ܾԶľģֱаһԼţһ͸ͬ£͸ɡ 
£˵ʲô΢ЦŽ˹ȥ 
߹ϲ˵ϸؿۡԶ˵һѿĵ꣬һЩҳ㷹ζܲġ 
֪ΪʲôԶ仰֣˿еʧ 
ѸٵˣְѲ˵ݹԶ˵ʱ̧ͷĴһ¡ 
޵úܺã羰 
˵ˣô߼ֳܿҵ𣿡ԶÿЦ˵ 
ȥϲ⣬ЦЦû˵ 
˵ˣԶеȻ 
ʵϣѡϲĵ꣬Լϲλ 
λſĴӣ⻹и¶̨ԶеĽˮųʪˮϮżҲһˮ 
ܾ֮ǰһʱ򣬾ʹ㽫ˣԺһﾲţȻ̸Ĭضӡ 
ôףô衣 
һٷƽƽؽˣԶƳǵһЩţ͹еһЩȤ£ǳţż㿴Լȴ 
ԶܾﲻԾȷﲻԾò 
극һţ˵ʦȥ𣿡 
Զܿϧ˵ˣѻе¡ 
 
˰ɣԶ˵ܱܲٽҡʦáƺң 
˵ð 
˾ʹ˸һ·ȥԼĳߵߵʱһ绰 
ǿǣҸмӦ¡Ҽǵñĵ̣ڻ𣿡ٽмҵ꣬С¥ģûʲô°ɣס֣Ժŵ㡣ҵģ˸Ұæʲô鸾ϹˣΪƵģû⣬ͷҡ 
ϵ绰дšƳزĺӣĿһ¸Ͱ֮ľ룬򿪳ŰѺ˸ʻλϡ 

û뵽ԼҳԶ𿧷Ⱥһڣʣ֪𣿡 
֪ġڶ棬ɫ֣أʵһֱҲ֪ɣҺػڽ 
Զͷ 
˵ҽһ£ҿܻߡ 
Զüʲô˼ 
˾õȥʡٹ¾ߣǱиʦڹ㣬Ĺϵҿ϶Ҳ͡ҽˡҾߡеţԣҸ֮ǰȰѻ¶ 
زŸչ䲻ãδҲ̫ż˰ɣԶһüëشСû뿪ߣȥôԶ㲻ҵ𣿡 
ܳϿҵؽ˵֪ܻᷴԣң϶ⱲذˣԲṼġ 
Զû˵ 
磬۰أԺҲ۰ġв̤ԲҿƾáοһʼͬǽǸԭҺȥʡĻҲͲˡһ¡ 
Ҹ˵ʵҲͬǽԭûô򵥡ȻˣϣܴһǡԶֱ˵֪㸸ĸţȻѧʮķöڳҵҪŮһ֮˵⣬ҿе塣ǼҵҲ̬Ҳ䵽ͷϡ 
Ļɫѿأ˵磬ҵȻ֪ҪжĵܵܣҲһ˵Ƿǹ۵ˡҲӦһѪԵİɷߣҲΪŰġ 
ԶҡҡͷһڵܰԼĵܵһ˵Ƿǹ۵ˣѵǺܳ𣿴һ˵ûжԲ㰡 
ߣԲҵĵطˣֻǲԸˡ̾˵ʵڵģ磬Ϊ鱾˵Һ֮£ҷȢҲޣҲжá 
ԶЦһôҪұ˭Ӱˣ 
ͷҵҡҽ컹һ˵һ£ȻôУôΪʲôøҵĹϵȥæ 
˵ʲôԶ𾪵ؿ 
һصĸ磬ҲæҲ֪£ҵһмˣѵķҿɽҾ¡ 
ͣͣͣԶţ˵ʲô˵һ飡 
ԼԼ𣿡Ŀе䡣 
ԶüͷҪšˣ˭˵ģ 
һҲƣΪԼ˽Ϊڵ˾ȻҷŻߣһǻ满ˣҲָңӲ˵ҲٸһϵϣҪȥˡ 
Զüͷԭس˼˵Ļ 
ΣȴĴ𸴡 
Ƭ̣ԶչüͷһЦ˵ҪԸָ˵Ļ޻˵ֻ˵¡һص£Ȼͬ⣬ұ˭ӰǾ͸ƾ¡ 
˵վӸ¿ҪҪȥ˵Һ֮£ҷҪȥҲԸңҲжá 
˵ɫѿת뿪ˡ 





 14 

ʪͷԡ߳Ů
ۣ簡˾ŮͦһͷŶɫҲá 
һֱŮڴû۾ֱһ߳ԽԼһʳָһ߳ԳЦ˵粻ɫãҲǿġ˵׽סͷ첡ѹүԼߵŮ˶Ҫ͸㡣 
ŮҲԳЦ磬ү˵ˣ׽ֻͶɧ´׽סҪ㳡ءǸ㣬Ǻǰ; 
һ򴲱һЦ˵ϧҲϲһϲһһ 
ŶñذֱŮҲ;Ůһ򴲱ߡ 
Ҫյ䣬Цţ֪Ͱĸۣ 
˵ǰһգûжġ 
ͷһۣһŮ˵Į˵ȳȥɡ 
˵ŶСİСŮֱ˫ָţ۾ͷ촽һȦζС볢һġ 
׽ס°ͣҲ۾һһ˵ȥ 
۾ЩסСһ£ֶЦ˵ôŶСȥ㣬СҪСŶ 
˵ʩʩȻ߳ȥʣµľһֱûгרġۿŽѾ۾ᴭһ 
ֻȻ˵ͷۣһƿתȥ÷ڹϵֻ 
ôԶͷֻţȻһ 
ѸƫͷһⴸϮʹһһ˳ץסϵ̻Ҹ׻ع 
Ů˫ָһֻܣ˫˷ܵĹâ˹ 
һţߵһߣͬʱ˭£ 
Ůһﲻ۹˷ܣٴγ 
ʱűƿղųȥŮһ³֣еǹź⡣ 
ӰӰ´¼Ӱ 
аһһץŮ˵ǰһͷֻƾӡе̻ҸĴҹȥ 
ॡƬĲѵ䣬ֻļڴϡ 
ֱŮվԭسǹ׼ţŮƴе͵ȥ 
ֻôһʹһ˫Ů˼šȥǡǡжĸ첲 
Ů˷ʹĳУ͵ؽǰһƣĴ˳ȥ 
Ů˵ڵֱŮ˿ûһ۳򴰱ߡ 
Ȼûҹڰҹɫ¥µСΪƹ谵ڴʻʬҹû뵽ڷԼϰ 
Ͽȥң˾Ͳʰˡ˵ȴ򿪴ȥ 
ܿ췿оֻʣſڵϵʹŮˣ͹Ȼֻ 





 15 

Զֻϳӳֿϡ 
ԾǵȥѧУſڡӡһǸŵĳƺţͣڱֳŵǰ档 صļw w w.2 7 t x t .c o m (ȥС˵)ṩÿС˵Ŷ
˾ʦͣСԶ˵ 
˳⳵ԶԭվţԶԶ˰ 
Ȼóֻĺ롣 
˵ʲôأҿĳڿҲﲻһһۣʵô죿͵ǱԼָô˵ԭ㲻ڿûϵȻѾ˵绰ǻǳһ۰ɣô˵Ļ𣿻᲻ԼȻֻܾܾҸƴǰɣ
һֱԲûʱ޷ͨԺٲԶŷµ绰 
Ϊʲôӣæ𣿺ʲôһ𣿷δٴ
Զֿ̾ӳֿһۣ뿪 
˫ȷ·Լʶ㣬ʹعսԱߵСͼƵŵĺ 
ſ϶ҲҪ۵ĻԱǰŽȥƵ̧ͷһЩеһ䣬һ¿ 
ԶԼͯӼҪȻǸӡȻֺΪԵ֡ 
ƹ谵ԶתһΣ̧ͷֻֽЩ 
ǰԼǸսǣɵؼӿ˽Ų 
ڰкȻһֱֻۣ͵һƣԶûӦͱһǽϡ 
ֳǽ棬ҪȥĲӣѹǽϡ 
͵͵вζڶߣ· 
һ£ΪԼֻ 
ˣͷѣ˵һ顣 
ѹÿҪΣƽʱһˣԶ 
ѹʧˣһְֻ 
ôʡ 
ǡɡ߷ΧڵľɫԶӦٶۣʹںڰҲܿûд¡ 
û£ϡһ£ǰԵ 
ԶæֱסҲѣôˣ 
岻»Զˣǲܶ׷ϽߣͥҺΡ 
У̫ԶˡԶ˵ұߡ 
Ѿ˵ϵǿ岻ܿƵؾҲţӲˣȥ 
ڰǣӵ·ѾٵĽŲ 
ǸΣշӣҲܻ˴ΣաڣԼҲΣ֮УشҪ 
Զһַסһͳ˵绰 

µĳŮ˺°ѸٵţתתǾȻԶԶԼĹ 
Ůһ̧ʾ´ԭأ 
ǵĶӳŵԱߣ״ԪߣȻҹ͵ˡи˵ԭڸѲ̫߰ˣõģҲҵ绰ģҪȶǲܵҿ˲ͨ𣿶˰ɣæ¶һҹ 
Ů˵ɫú·һ˸ƣһȺʱһѸٵʧҹɫС 
һֱȵһ˿ϸ΢ĽŲˣԶŷµ绰ԼĶʪˡ 
㻹ðɣѹСĵʡһѸԼĳϡ 
ڲϸֱлл 
ȴȥҽԺǽͥ򳵻ֿϳ˾ 
򳵡ȥҽԺʲ 
ңֻǰ㴩ϿӡԶæҵæš 
Ȼ涼һִļֻñʪ֪Լϵ亹ġһ˲ʲô˼ûУֻһϧۡ 
ҹһλֻڿӱһ·ϵĹΪΪͷһʱϡ٣һĻ޲ҡͷ̾¡ 






 16 

ڳ⳵ϲסԶ̲סڻ 
⳵˾ƻڸղűڿǰɫѿ۽Ƴ˺һۣ͸ѿˡ 
촽⶯Զչȥ³֡ 
ԶףŲݺӵĽǡ촽Ŭſ˵ʲô 
ġԶס촽Ҿ 
óֻ룬绰ܿͨˡ 
ĸģһǽͥĺΡ 
ϰ壬Һһ𡣡Զ˵Ϯˣû취Ը˵ҪȥҽԺʶˣ֪һ¡ 
˭ε̱ѡ 
ˡԶµ绰Ŀǳؿ̾ڿŵĺﱻϮģڳͣҲȥһ°ɡ 
ȺλӦ͹˵绰ٿȥʱȻƽ˺ܶ࣬ĵشĿ⣬ϸܵĺˮϻ£ʪĽëȥ֮˳ 
ԶæĿ⣬ʲôЦֻڿ㣬ȥЩ޷Ρ 
˾ʦ绰ݣҲƳһ·Ͳţ۵糸ص˵ҽԺ 
ιȻ֪ʶˣԶշ³̧ܹΪǰе˽ǣΪ׵Ƶġû뵽ȻжǰѪ֪ͨʿȻпеݸԶһ״ӡ 
һæңһ·ֱӵרŵĻ 
Զﲻæֻܵ棬ϸյһӣǸƵĴͳ 
Ǹ˵˺ü顮ߡ˵𣿡ʡ 
Զһ£ͷתߣŽȥ 
ѾתƵ˲ϣԱûҽæµšԶĳڵƹ²ſѪ߰ߣҽ£ŷĻˡ 
ԶҿЩ˿ڣ߹ȥ˵ǲǾһСҪǣ 
Ѿû취˵ˣֻǾؿ 
ԶȴԼѾõ˴𰸣˵֪ˡҡ㡣 
˵ɶЦЦת˲ 
صѾ賿ˣؾȻڿҿ˺þö˯ˡ 
ԶԼסز֪ķӦ϶Թִȴš 
̾ɳϣõͷԼҲ 
Ѹղžһ飬ԽԽľսûЩ׷ϣᷢʲô飿Ȼڹ֪Ǹɷӣʵĺڵ׷ɱȴԼʵʵݵζʲô 
ЩġѪȵġײеԶܵķУһֱ˶һصһԼķкͶؿ棬ΪԼ׼ 
ڸղţʶѪȱһѪȱ磬ԼҲѪȱΧš 
һ˲䣬ЩȻһӲңԶֻһתʵ壬תɴҴ·ûʱ䴩תЩŲĻˣתֹͲ԰׺ʪתЩģںҹȥ׷ɱߡ 
Զסˣߵ̨ϣ߻ػ˺ü飬Ȼ޷ƽ 
ص飬ǸǲǾ
ϰ˺ڰԼ

磬磬ѡôš 
üͷȻģֻͷز۾ 
һ˵ 
ɡڶ˵ţʲôĶǵϣһһ²š 
һ飬۾ 
һʮ۾ߣý˱ˮë 
ۣÿëһ˵ҽ˵ѾˣǽвѣҺܵİ 
һ¼Ѿܶˣֱţصͷ˵ү 
ʱ˵û¾ͺá飬˵˵ 
ҹɫд棬֪ʱҹˡּվʱ棬۾ģﾪɲһһʮ˵һ顣 
ʱĬһʣô 
ش𣺡ᵽͷ첡пΪġ 
ʱ˵˵޶ԪΪ±𣿡 
˵Ů˾Բ֣ǱʡϵģҲû˵ʲô֪ͷĴɽ 
ʱûлشֻǵͷһᣬúϢɣζྲҲûϵ 
˵ȥϵİֵ̺ۣסˣܱҡ 
ͷ㿪ָǣү 
ʱ࿴һۣˡ 
ǵ⣬߻ 
ʲô£ʣͷأ 
ĨĨ۾˿ǻ磬ͷˡ 
죬ҧгݵ˵ô£ 
һ߳һ˵캫ϰ绰ǺͷȥĿţô绰Ҳӣ³ˣȥңڿŶ¥淢ӱŤˣˮ棬ˡﻹץǹ 
ܣ´˼ͷ˵ 
˵ûڼʻϱ˴һϣү͹Ůˣ·Ͼͱ˵˰·Եһ˸ܵҿз϶Ȼжˡ磬ô޶ûǶ 
ĬȻΣȵӵĳʧ˲ŵʣʲôʱ򣿡 
󡣡 
ֵһߵ÷㡣 
ǣ硣 
ǻиүү 
ȥûˣͷ˼ٵġ 
ͷ˵ȥ׼ɡ 
ӴӦһ˲ 
ԭվ˺ܾãɫˣϣ۾棬ֻһƬڰ






 17 

Զ߽Ĳʱ˵˲䰲 
˵Ŀˢˢض 
Զòͣҽ˵ҪѪŶ⼸ֻܳҽԺ׼زͣҲӪƷ 
ӪƷļڵɫøŤ 
ô֪סԺԶһۡ 
Զһ£ϷӦЦȻ˸ҵġ 
˵߹ȥѻڲߵĹϡ 
ʦŶκȻ˵ôڣʲôҪ鷳 
Զûһۣ롣 
ˣ㲻ؽ𣿡ݸһЦ 
ڰǶ׷Ц 
ˣȥæԼİɡҸʦ˵ 
һҶ׷׸뿪ߵǺΣζؿԶһۣſ뿪 
Զɿߡ 
ʦҵ飬Խ֪Խá˵ҸҲ˵塪 
ҵԶЦôþǳƺң 
ɫʦңչңҶǳмϵĹأԺһ仰Ի㡣 
Զ˵һģҪʲô 
һ㶡 
ԶסӺܿģ˵Ҿ㣬Ϊ㣬㵱ѣҪҲҵѣͱ˵Щǡ㿴вУ 
üͷû˵ 
Զһû˵ʣ˵㵱ѣǲǲң 
˵ʦʮڽ֣ûѧҲûʲôôң 
Զ΢΢һЦ˵¥Է㽻ѣ϶Ҳˣ 
ҲЦʦҪңŲţ 
ԶͷһȻ˵ʮʱ֣ʮʱ򻹸żסڷ 
֪˵ʲôֻɻؿ 
Զȴû˵غܾǰиɽзû 
˵ǺϵǰǴµİɣ˵ǿĳңС硯 
ԶЦЦﱻҲȫɢǷϴȴͷףڼ˶ʮ꣬ʱӶˡ 
̧ͷ˵үү 
𾪵ؿһ˵ֲһʼͲҡ 
Զ˵үү˺ܺã۰Һءʱʮ꣬ûӦǶЩ˺ܺ˵ߵ·һ˺һ 
˵ 
Զ˵˵㣬ѣǲˣ 
¶һЦݡ 
ԶûЦֻ۾һ·Լˡ 
Ȼ˵Զ˼ 






 18 

ǿɺþû˰ʮ׳˶ڽͥİһȻԵõس̣һ߸к 
ҿط񣬻ٸĺáЦŸһҲ£⴦ôô磿 
Ϊ˰ǡ컪򿪹°ͳŷӹôֵܾܵѾļǣ 
ӹŷ⣬ЦףֳܾûеͿԵ֪顣 
컪ͷһһʣô򿪿 
ҡͷ⴦̫ңҿɿЩ 
ʲôģ컪̼ŷ⣬˵ר˸ģڵİ˲żüð 
˵ŷ⣺㿴ݻ鱨棬ҽԺѪ 
üͷչȥһ˵⴦ȷʵ 
ݿĽ컪ɹȻָŽ۲ֻѧҩ񾭣ʹ޷Լ壬ѡʡʡϷĳʡǳձ顪Цڶưɡмʹá˵ﶯôôңԭǳƨģ 
ͷȻ΢ЦϷŪ컪ЦÿģȻһ£ͷϵֽƬһңóһƬ˵Ӣ۾ĸ 
ùԭǿŸĽͨĽͼȻãܿԶڱ 
¼ڹʱûᵽ㲻˵Լܳģ컪ɵؿ 
˾һѣεûʲôϵָô򣬡⴦ܱܲǣ飿 
컪̣ۿʼǻأɱּǱذɻƴӡȻһЦ̾Ҳǳ˰ʲôɣǰСϵǣú氡 
΢΢һЦ⴦϶а취 
컪һתҪͷ˵йزϣӴ˾ڲᣬҲܴʲô˼ġ 
˵Ǿ͵鷳⴦ˣһúáллġ 
컪͵仰ĵص˵ͷǺãھ͸Ǵ绰˿ܾӦÿ쵽ˣˣϽļʰһ¡ 
ӦһʰϵĲϡ 
ŷڲ࣬һ·ԼϢңҴٰѺԶйصĶһ飬ȷӰķͼ˺ƬӵͰ 
ֻ죬һ߰³ˮһߴ򿪿ԶĶš 
Ժô˵һص绰ضšע壬мǲҪȾơ 
һ±Цһ£ͨ˵绰 

СûдҵˣԶε˵Ұ칫ҸҷŻ˵ӦԽȺ˵ʦҪдҵҾԲУ 
ôЦЦ˵ø˵ϻҽ㣬´ 
վһ֧ӣһ־סԶ죬ɢ֮һЦ˵ԲУԹҲȸҵ 
ԶЦһ˵Ҳһ´оǻ˳˵ҭһ֪ˡɫ˵⴦ȻѴҾͲ鷳ˡ 
˶ԿһۣһЦ 
촵Զ⿴һۣͷֿȥ̨򣿡 
±һҪȥ¸ˣ˵Ựˡ 
ǡԶ˵ȥ߹㳡һ߰ɣ 
ð 
ԶߣôϴһT 
ͷ˿Ϊұ·ȫװǰű˵Сܵʱ򴩵ġ 
ԶܾȣǰֵʱT̫ 
̫˹˶԰ɣЦǿ˦һʮû뵽ѧǶϲ֡Ҵ˶ʹ죬ԼУƵġͣͣп˵ϴרŵСܸ·˵װͷǸװ 
Զ˵ٸľͺˣٴ̨ʱҪװ 
ûش𣬹һ˵ˡ 
ԶҲ˵˾һ·ߡ 
ҹûȴܶ࣬ƵĽŵǹ⣬ӿԶ 
վڽߵԱߣһˮ˵ĵˣǰҸֵ˵ƴƴ˵̾͹ӡû뵽ڣ 
Զִϣʼûң̾˵̫ѹ 
˵û̫ѹл棬ңѾ׼ˡǺͷôãΪһҾȻǵүүѾˡⱲӡ 
ȻһնЦЦԳ˵Ҹ˵Щʲô 
Զæ˵Ϊ㲻ܸС˵ҹϵĿգͬ˵Ҳûã˵Ҳѧ˵֪ᶯҡġǸ˵һ˵ͻɲ١ֻҪԸ˵ʱԸ 
ĽͣӲˡ 
ԶһͼȻתսһֻ־Ȼ쵽 
ԶĶҪˣۼյԽԽҪסˣȴֺҪľһ㣬΢΢һࡣ 
¶ȺʪһʱȻܲ΢µָţ·ܸܵԴֲڵ·Ϣڲϣ·һ﷢ԶֽŶ΢΢ط飬һ˲䲻֪ϦϦȫĸйٶرˣȫֻʣ¶Ⱥζζ 
180,96AԺɣϴδ·ͦġ 
Ȼɿ̧֣ͷһɻ˵ôˣ 
Զ͵ץס󣬡Ҫʲôϴˡҡܵ˵ԼĿȴԵлعӲ˼ıǻһʦˡҿͦõġ 
ѧȥ𣿡Ц 
ԶЦطſ֡ 





 19 

ϵ԰绰ﴫǿǸһղ㣬˵ҪʶʶүҸ绰 
üͷƿſϵŮˣʣʶҸʲô 
ϴ󶼵ˣһе㲻ˡǿѹϿ˵㡣ҿǸĺ̫үˡ 
ԡߣʲô˼ 
ﻰ˼һҶ󣬾޶ҲûʲôǸ鷳Ҫ˵϶޶ʲôӲɽҲұ֤ܰǣҪȻͲô˵ˡ 
ǻϻʲô 
ֻô£黹û׼͵ñĴȡ˵үбʴ߬ﲻǣҲҲ约ǡ 
ȥ 
Ѹٳ˸裬ֱϣҪ԰ֽӵǿĵ绰 
㵽Ķˣ 
¥¡ 
Ҹ˵¶ǿٺܿ죬ղӳ˵˵˲ܺȾƣһԲıĿүЦȻ˵ô±ӻҪ󡣡 
үô˵ 
үû˵ɫѿ 
û˵ 
ڵܲܺȾƣ 
ҪˣҹˣȻȥɡ 
ϵ绰ʮ㣬ֱ߾͵˽԰İᡣ 
һŽȥ 
ү˼ˣԷ 

һٷ꣬бĽĿ 
԰ͷǸŮˣ˳ͺ෴ЦһЦʱĺ 
ôڳȥϴԡԡۼģȪԡŮ͵ȪŮе˰ڰ¶ṩĦ浱ϡƳ֡ĸ֡ 
Ƭ֮䣬Ҳ컪̵裬Ҷԡһ䣬׷ȥ׽ɱ 
ҧߣ߹Ҫкѿɫŵõһ 
θ淭ֱӿŵϴּ䣬Ͱ߾һ¡ 
ʲô²ˣĸоһ㶼ûмᣬθﷴһؽʹ 
ظɿţܣȻһַֻϣõ°Ħš 
ίˡº͵ 
ҡҡͷ˵ллүģ˵үû£θһΣָŻš 
ʱ̾˿뿪ˣһ˱ˮݵߡ 
һ߿һԵܺãû̡ 
ŬЦһЦθľμˣͷһƬУɱͷϡ 
ʱ˵ȥϢϢɣϸͥҽ绰 
¸첲ۿʱ࣬ԡۣ½󿪣Ȼɱʱġ 
ҡҡͷ˻ڵҡ 
˵סǸŮˡ 
ûϵʱษ˵Ҫ˭Ǹ͵Ҽȥ 
΢üȻƿʱ࣬˵ͰһŻ 
׶ĵĸоֹͣˣҡҡλվϴ̨ȥϴ 
ϴĴëʱѾϸϸظ 
Ĭص꣬΢΢һ 
үˡ 
˵Ҳʱ˵תſߡ 
ſڵô̾ͼľǲͣ£ͣ¡ 
ײײݣſڵķ״һ 
ȻûĬ׺ݵˣҲ뵽ǱĳĴǰҪҪڽ԰ҸϢ 
ֻ߹ȥݡ 
ҪҪȥ¥Եһµݾ 
 
ŵϱ죬ַȵݣһַȥǽϿһȡ 
ʱһֱվϴּſĿ 
ݵһ㣬ְȥֻ˿ԼԽԽأɫҲԽԽá 
ȣû°ɣ 
ûɫƣͳֻš 
Զҡڡ 





 20 

ԶϵԼĽֽǣֱĳܹȥ 
³лش˳ţʱһ 
˵²ܺȾ𣿡ּô˶٣ 
ڼʻϣɫѾɲ԰ף¹⣬³۾ƶһ¡ 
Զ̾˿Ż͵͵ﲻȥҽԺ 
üŬѣһ۾᲻Ὺ 
ᡣԶȻƽȣԷġ 
ȥҡ 
˵꣬ҪʻϣԶ̽ȥһ˫ֱƣѹϡ 
û°ɣͿ۾ţΪܶˮ뵣ʱе 
嶼ˣǰлʱչ˵ӣθһӿɿ˺ü 
Զְ˽Ļھεطãϵðȫ䲻ٿһۡ 
һ·ףǼǾɥֻ÷³һ·žƽ 
Լ¥£³˵Ԫ¥һЦ˵ҵڶαˡ 
ģһһЩô˵һ 
ʱҹԶѾ˯ˣͳԿῪŽȥźڣŵذԼ䣬Ÿҿơ 
ŵϣȰЬ࣬ȥĳťۣսһţ룬ֳȥ˳ 
صˮѾûˣԶһˮֻصԼķ䡣 
ȵ㶫ˮ͵ߡ 
üͷϴӻۡ 
㲻ܿŶ˯ԶغȰ̲ס͵͵˵ԡ 
û˵ʲôȷʵÿˣɸɵĲ 
ıԵڴϣ촽Զֿʼʡ 
Զ۾ֱˣƬ촽ɵؿϣմȾһ㱡ˮ⣬һڿˮ 
Գʱ򣬶űӵһȣǺһ£ҵؿ 
Զع񣬸æ±ӣָؿڸ˳ 
ȵֳ˯ȥԶ⿪ӣ˳ȥɿƤĿ 
޳ʵţе֮һ˰̣ʾһ֡С߳˵壬̻¶ǰ 
ԶƲԼĿ⣬ڴߣȥؿĦµĴղܣźĪعƻ 
·ое⣬ᶯ˶ 
Զ˺ܴľţ͵վ 
Ҵ𱡱ϣֻʹصƹ˳ȥ 
һ·ӵԡңͷţǸѾʹĶͳһŸղż壬һߡԼ 
սһӲˣֻÿˮ϶ð˲һ 
ȻԡҾԼ̾˿ޣ 





 21 

ʮһ㣬ԶڿɳôűʼǱ̵ʱһ̫Ѩһ߳䡣 
Ϊ㻹˯һᣬԶѵŲһߣô 
еͷʹüԡģ·أ 
ͷϴɣȴҵġԶ˵ԡҾǰɫǼ䣬ȥҸԵġ 
תȥԡңԶŷϷһֻɽ󻢣ʮ㡢ݣ粲İڶ·Ҳ΢΢ζһҡ 
Ͻ񣬵ѾõϡȻطһ·ҳһڿ㣬ȥ﷭һë 
ԡţҰ·ë㷿ſڵϣһ㡪 
ৡһԡţֱӴԶùë濪ʼ塣 
Զ뿴벻˽սȻرԹţԡˮһֱ¡ 
ϴˮ潡Զֻ˵ 
ź·һãתͷ߽ȺȱȺůůθȻɳô̡ 
е̣һתŲ豭һ㲻ϿΣ 
 
ôزڣ 
ǲգһϰȥˡ 
תź豭ӣһʣ 
Զ̧̾ͷ֪Ҫȥʡ𣿡 
Ȼ֪һ˵𣿡 
ߡ 
ʣͬ𣿡 
Զɳһһ˵ιֵôֳ 
һ˵Զ̾˵ʵҺСʱܲãϲңҾˣ۸һҾͿޣҲͦҡٺҰȥˣүүסоûô棬ȻȥүүҲˣȥϼҽҼͽӽŮվһ˺üҲûϳ 
˿ں裬ܾòѺȣھͺȹˣȻ˵һ˴ãҲͦɣ 
ԶЦ˵ˣҰȻȥ磬һŲȻĿ˵϶󣬵֤Һذ뱲ʳûʲô⡣Ҫ˵࣬Ǹࡣ 
ЦЦʲôģһ쵽ܣֻ֪ǮܲԼѧַС۸ûа裬ᣬ˵ҿһСӴȥСһ١͸ҷƢ˵һẦƲ𣬻˵Ҳ䵱硣ԳЦЦûʱ񡭡֪ж˲Żôҡ 
Զһ 
˵û˵ص飬ȥԷһ𣬾Լȥкֻš˵һþ֪϶رϲ 
Զ֣Ϊʲô 
һ˽ҵܵܣȻ˵ϲҲɾͥҲɾ͡ 
Ȼһ£үү飬˵𣿡 
Զ޷ͬ˵ٸٵİɣԼǳˡɫеȻԶ̾Ȱο㹩ϴѧҹѾúܺˡһʱ벻ף㸸ĸڵҲġ 
ҴӳûҰ֡衭Ťͷһ˵ϣҰɣ˵öԣҾ͹ˡ 
Զ£Ҳʣվղ豭˵ҪҪ 
ҡҡͷ 
Զȥʢʱ͸ӿ 
Ĭλϣܵߣ̧ͷһЦ 
Զһ䣬أϲʲôͣ
һֱûʣΪ֪𰸣ͻûϣ 






 22 

ʼʶܶೡ棬ҲʶΡˣžŮʿʱ򣬻еССĳԾ 
žŮʿɫƵĹװͷһ˿һ٣ׯطϵĲϣȻƱϵĽ˿۾˵ǡ 
ܽһ𣿡ʡ 
šžʳָסһƬƳŤϲַȷʵְҵɱֵΪȿôĿھȽϵ͵ϴּ仹ʱγǹأ 
˾ַһ˱棬ˣܱЧʡ˿ھȻǴˣң΢΢һЦָڲŵػһܱ֤Ŀ޷ȥѪҪúÿһ㡣 
ײü 
ٿͳϾɣŹزϣ䶼ˣֳһ̼жЦ죬ỹͣ·ߵǷˡž̾һļУþưɡҩĿꣿЦһû۵ʱͷһĿͶˣôܳף߶ɱֶԼɫöĺǹĻ࿴𣬸οͬʱж 
ʰһ𣬺ɸֵҡͷ豸󣬱µ΢ְҵɱ֣㲻õģҵľ鿴ԷǺһĺڵ֯㲻˳Ҫ֣±ͬͬ˳ϵ׷飬żװǶɱ޴Ӳ𡣡 
˵ʰõĲװŷ⣬ƻͬʱ˵ź 
ʣô 
㲻ΪְҵɱֶҪ𣿻Ϊܿءž˫ֽ°ͣͷģְҵɱֵĻʧ˻һֱΪֹڵ֯ŪЩϳʧˣҪһӣǲ˿أ 
ЦһۣѯѲģѵŮʿԺڵɱ֯оҲϲһͣ鷳ѽջȥɡ 
Ŷ㲻ϲɱͣͣϲڵඣž곶ǰӣ⿪ժ۾һԽսһͷ˵㲻˵˵ 
̧ͷס°ͣ۾ɨһȦðԺڵ˽ٰɡ 
žĶ䣺ǺǣҸڵԨԴء 
棬۾Ŷ 

ԶһУţͿվ·¡ 
ţпͳ˫ֲ嶵վֱֱؿѧУУš 
ԶһϲҲ·ϵĳ˹ȥ 
ôҲ绰Цʡ 
ȴûЦҲû˵ת߿ˡ 
ιôˣԶȥ鲻𣿡 
ش 
ʲô£ 
иŮңһûУ˵˼Һܲϲ 
ʲô£ 
ٴγĬֻǰ첽š 
ԶҲٳظ 
˾˿СʱԽԽƫƧԽ·Խխ 
Զָ߽һխС̲ס˵㵽ס 
͵ػͷһȭԶ°ϡ 
ܴԶбײԱߵǽȻվȣˤڵϣǳѪ 
Զˤǰڣ֧ûüӦѾǰ 
һ֧ǹǹüġ 
Զޱƭҡǰǹգ۾Զû̹ɱ⣬úܰ˶סٸ˵һ飬үүʲôˣ 





 23 

Զǹָţȴûע⵽һ۾ֱ۾ʣԭȥˣ 
̹ȻͻеĬɱŨסԶӣŭذӵקվȣһȭִ¡ 
Զ˼ˤڵϣٴζǰǹָüġ 
ٸ˵һ飬ǲүү 
Զʹֱ˵ǡ 
һǹչҵԶͷƫһ࣬۵ֱ 
ǹܰȻָüģ˵һ飡 
ǡ 
ٴαקǽϣȭͷԶϣм֮سţʱʹƺߡ 
·˺ܳʱ䣬ͣˣһֻץס°̧ͷһֻϵǹٴζ׼üġ 
ߵ·һ˺һһһؿڣҲƭҵģ 
ԶԼǺǽײˣһѪߵ۽ǣҰ˱ùŹ֣ȷʵǹֲײزš 
ҪԼĻش𣬾ԼĻش𣬾شܸıʲô 
Զ죬һλر˵ǡ 
ץ°͵ָˣ˵ң 
 
˵һ飬ǹضͷҲñ꣬ǲƭҵģ 
Զ۾ɫӣᵫǺܼᶨǡ 
֮ģûжֻ֣ԽԽҲúΣա 
͡ͳ塣 
Զ˵ 
ſ֣ǹ£ͰΪʲôƭ˵ˣңѣҵɵ˵ 
̧ǹ˫Ϊŭ 
Զ͵סĺ󾱣קһֱ˫ 
ȫʹҰһƬ죬ǹ˲䣬ֻôѾ̫ã󵽼ʹһǹҲûа취ֹͣ 
ֻһӷӦȻһȭյڵءһֱ죬һߺݺݵš 
һ𡣡ԶڵϣһʹĿԡ 
Ķһ¡ 
㲻ҪͣԶټӿ죬Լû˵ͻɥʧȥȤһҪҪ뿪ɣҪ㲻Щ£ҪϲңҪ㲻ΪĹϵŶ࿴ 
㲻ϲңҴԶҪҵˣҲֻߣûа취ûбİ취 
ͷƴؿҰΪѪʹģı顣 
ģĹǹַˣһһҹôãԶ˵Ժ͵Ҳʶ㡣 
ȻشϿʧСĹսǡ 





 24 

߽Ϣҡ 
վڴߣֻ̣һûлͷ 
¥´ͷɥءվأ߽ôôݣ 
üҵ£һˣ 
̨һͷǰ㱻һҲûôݡǵϷŮ˦һƶѣôô 
һ 
ҿɶˡ̾ʲôһڵҲԼĽʲô˭ֻܿ죬õĲϡɫһʺ 
üͷһ̣û˵ 
ػԼʣǲ˵ʲôˣ 
ûУûСˡ˵ 
ôˣζָϵ˿ڣ˭ˣȻһЦǸʦɣ 
ʲôذͷڴ̨ϣת߿ 
ǰδЦɳϣʹչȥԱߣ͸˵ˣ㻹ô֪˰ɣ 
֧̣ڷңס֣ͬ˵ﲻܰɣΪж࿴㣬û뵽ֻƨɡ 
˦֡ 
ƵɳϣһŶӴЦһ˵ԼڵģôĽ׵ϵǰôȥװ˵˼һ̵·ΪǰǺúЦˣ͹㻨ģµĹǶһ㻹Ŷȥ 
˺һһ߲Цᣬһߴɳ 
Ѿһ֧̣Ʋسţɫࡣ 
ι㲻ǰɣİе£̾˿˵֪˵ʲôãôúڵôʲôף׵ϵֻ֣һԶ㣻һʦֻ㡣ļ磬ǰǣһ߿㣬һ㣬򲻶ԾͰһص档ѣԿǻˡ 
ɫеȻһŵͷ˵֪ 
οһۣǵģԼɵСϡȥ˵÷վˡ 
һߵűߣͷ˰죬˵ΪҲô˵үǼ£Ҫ㣬ҾʹӦ 
Ͻûһۡ 
ߺԼִ˰죬̵ֱָŻȥϴָּ绰˵ 
һȻشģԥһ£ǰ˽ 
磡شſǻϴô죿ô죿 
侲һ£ʲô£ο 
غֹס˵ҽԺ绰˵Ҹ类˴ˣϵҲϵ᲻ҲҪһڼҺú° 
ȱޣ绰ͬȥҽԺȥòã˵ 
áҵҪҴ绰Ŷ 
˵绰ԥƬ̣ǾȥȽϰġ 
ûüʱĵ绰Ѿ˹ 
ºͣһͬ飬һܵܡ˵¡ 






 25 

ʱıڳеһƬߵסլһ·ĵظϵʱǰѾͣ 
Ҳͣ˳ȥɵĹǸɷӳһ߳ 
˿ɫﶼЩͬĳɷ֡ӳɺϵһ㣬˵ȥɣүء 
Ľȥʱʱڿɳϳѩѡ 
ү΢΢ҵܵܡ 
ʱҡҡ֣ʱ̾˿˵ȵʲô 
ԷЩ˵ˣүҵܵôˣ 
ʱĬһ£˵ǰһϮʱ˵޶԰ɣ 
ǡ 
ӳȥ˲飬ʡһЩ⣬ܿͲһ¡ʱ˵޶֮ǰܵʡ˸ɵ½ү 
һ£ȻԶ½үž˳һʹ˳ 
ʱ΢΢ü˵޶ǱǸϳȥģ˿ɽҪرĻǾ鷳ˡҲҵ·Ӹ½үϻ½үǺʹ죬ҲƯ˵ȻɶӱϳˣͲ֮أֻҪǴӦһΪѡ 
ֱʣʲô 
ҪҽͺΡʱ˶٣˵˵ΰ޶ƭúܲңְ죬ִȳһȣԲ׷Ź˵ǰһʱ享εĳӳ©ӣֱϮֽš 
ʣү£ôû 
ʱ࿴һֲۣǽȥα᣿ 
ͷ˵ллү 
ȱæлʱ̾һҵ֣׽Ҳûӡүûб£½ôãô˲٣ȴһֱûи׼һֱϡյһӡ 
̾˿ϣԼɡ 
˵Ťͷǲٿı顣 
Ϳ輸ϰһɫĺӣʱ˼Ȼйء 
ĳֿµԤţԼ˫ֶֻƴѹ¿־壬Ǹӡ 
һֻ֣ΪʧѪʲ԰ɫֱϺȻʲݵؿš֡ 
Ǹӣ޷ܵرסԼͷʹطһš 
ʱסʱ򣬾һϧ˵Ҫ̫ġ 
ҡͷû˵ãվȥǸӣɫʱӵ 
ʱ࿴ĲӰʣǲܻܵ 
ͷ 
ʱܼᶨ˵Ǹ㣬Ҳͬô 
𾪵ת 
ʱ̾˿½޶֣ܵܵҲܲ㡣Ҳϣ˶ȥҪף޶޵ͺˣһǻܵܵģȥˣȥȥ 
ʱٵҿɻûߺΣԼ 
ͷװŵֵܵĺӣɫìܶʹࡣ 
ʱ˵˵ǶȥԺ󽭺˵½һ仰ʱ͹ԹŪǸɣԺǲǲûˣ 
үҲҪҵܵ𣿡 
ʱվļ򣺡ӺɷҪʲô£ܵôɶζʱӦܱܵȣأȥһ°ɡ 
Ĭ˰Σס۾˵үû취ҵʱ䣬û취˼ 
ʱ̾һһ˵ٹҰɡ 
ͷźӣججȥ 
ʱס 
ͣ½Ų 
ܽôҶ㡣Ҫ½Ҳ쵽 
ûлش𣬾ֱšѺӷڸʻϣԼһ˺ܾá 
뵽˵ܵСʱһһĿɰӣ뵽ԼĸĹǰҪܵܣ뵽ܵԽԽԼԼıʱ⣬뵽ܵܺŮһʱҸӡžͿȥͥķ 
ۺΣʱͬʹѣȹѪȵ£Ǳ˴֪ԵĹȥҲͬбϺܷڣûʸҪ󺫼ΪԼĵܷܵδ 
Ҫͥʱת˳ͷ 
صǸ֮ΪҡĺլЩһһΪĳֵǣȥκһƺ̵ֳ 
ųʻȴȻ֮󣬾Ȼûȥĵط




 26 

ҹɫīӰɺЮŵˮζ 
Ѿڽϳ˺ܾõ̡ 
ջ޴ȥ֪˲ŷ֣ŽˮǱûʲôͬͬѹֺ; 
춯Ҳˣߵ 
һֱĽŲͣԱ߲Զ 
˳Ĭһڵ 
ϳŤͷŷҵӰǸˣŭЦ˵͵ʶ㣬ѵ㻹밤򣿡 
Զҡҡͷƺͣе˵Ҳ֪ֻǹߣǰǰǲǳ 
ĬȻƬ̣վҪߡ 
Զһ㲻ϲң߾ˡ 
̿һԶԭһҲҶȻʣ㿴ʲô 
Զסˡ 
ҿˡ˵ 
Ҵû㵱ŮˡԶ˵ 
Цѵǿҵǰ棿ѵ㲻뱻Ҹɣ 
ҶνԶǰ۾һ˵һ߿ʼ·ҿеˣ˭˭ãֻҪԸ⡣ 
û뵽ش𣬲һۼȥѿӣͷʹԶ㣬Ҳ㷢񾭡 
˵ؽߣ˿̡ 
Զ֪ΪʲôҹҲܵ磬ڱϳʱͱüΪɵ룬ѵΪҵĹϵڷգţȻ׺ݣȻϵ˻ۣŲȴôҲŲ 
ȿߵŵĿվƿ͸ŲˣǡܺȾ𣿡 
ţһԲǰĽˮŵ㺮⣬ĵһŨڵļӰӲִ 
Զؿţڲص˵
Ұ㡣 
ش𣺡 
 
˵ˣɢΣϢ߹û𣿡 
Զȥһ㣬һһ˵ţЩ˺ۣǴ󲿷ֶأ㲻ǻڵΪʲôôȭͷûۣ 
ŵؿȻЦһھһ 
˵һ߹Զ⧲غ˺üײϣ谵Ӱﴫ˻˻سȻǴЦûۡ 
ŭҲڣԶĵع𣬲߹ȥŸɴˡ 
̤Ӱһִֻץסĸ첲͵ذһ 
ŭҪԶߵ͵ͬҺòãұһʲôҡ 
ݣȼᶨִǿӲ˵һίһ£˵ҪҵҲǹƭ㣬ֻϲҡҼһۡǻڵģ鷳Ҳֻϲҡ 
ûɵһᣬȻķ壬ٶˡ 
ԶϲѣٽӵڻϢů 
ڰˣ˱˴˵Ϣֻӿˮϸ΢ķ 





 27 

ϲҡãͻȻ˵ڰƺʹûйǣʮңʲôᣬԸңΪҪˣֻȥʱίϲһᡣ˶٣˵иڵԸ͸Ǹü꣬Ѿ÷ģˡˣͿʼѧ˼Сͷ֪ôģҴĵط˵С㿴طɵϣиҫġ 
Զֻü¼ʪȣְοı 
Ȼһ£ͻȻԶĻֺʲôõ£͵͵˵ʮʱĴ翴ңȥ˵ȥͬ⣬˵ǻ˴磬ԱߵС˴Ƶ¥棬Ͼˡ 
ԶΪ𾪣رסܴԼ΢İο 
ĬһԶԼʪ˵ʱֿ˵ǸڵʹǸ¥СҼңλǰлѪһأŵÿ˺þáָǮÿ춼ǣת˺ܺõѧУ֪˼ԼӲȥֻȥ˵Ը֣Ķ飬ǱˡҾóӣϻһұ뻮м䣬һ£ͱӡҲֻͬ⡣Ȼ̾˿ȴʼңҸȺŵĺһʱʼ޵ģҲʱͿʼ޵ġʱҪҴӦչ˺ڵʵô꣬չ硭ˣһŻΪʲôأ 
Զ֪飬ȰοֻȥʡֻҪҶţʲôأ 
ȻһƿԶת߻ؽߡ 
Զòԣʣǲǻʲô㲻̫ԣ 
߽µĿվƿ˵ûˣȥ򡣡 
ŶԶӦһڰ˵ûǮ 
һЦͳԼƤ˹ȥ 
ʲôģԣ㲻ܺȾƣȥ֭ҰԶǱЦݹˣ˷ܵЦš 
߿ˣԶȻȥԼĳӣȥ 

·ϣӵһ绰 
˵绰ȥң 
ӳɣҼǲǵõ㰤һ 
Ҳ½޶ϵʽġҲҪȥʷүѾԸˡ 
Ҳ㡣 
Ѱ޶Ҫɱһ˾ĻΪʲôֱϵ㣿ֻӵүſڸʲô 
ܡ 
̽үĵߣүҪǰͱˣ㡭˺ƱҲƲˡүˣľǣֻܱǣűߡ޶Ƕôʱ䣬ʲô׵ģڶģҲҪܵܣүǮҲҪ㡣Ȼӳ̾˿ү쵽첻ףɿڵģҲȵ˯һܵܰɣԴҶá 
ӳɹ˵绰 
ͣ˳˸ʻϵĺںһۣͨһ绰 
үҡ˵һ¡ 

ԶһСϣص˽Ƶ̡ 
֪ϲһֿζÿһ֡ 
һǮҪǾóԿ´̵ţȥ̨ 
ΪҹСǮ㣬ƤǮ 
һελʲôһָ 
ʲôسһſƬ 
ȥǽͨĽͼͼģֻڿԶģƺܽӲ·һֻֻűϵһֺֻͬĽŶȥ̬ʮֻ 
Զԭأֻǻһӿů֫ٺ 
ԭһϣġԭҵϣô 
ŬѹЦݣееҸı飬·źſƬ 

ǵصߵʱһȫϿȥ 
Ȼˡ 
һæֻ绰 
һռߣһռߣβŴͨ 
Բ𣬰е㼱¡ȥƣҲûкԼѹ֭˰ɡ 
йҵ绰˼Զæ˵Ƥл 
Űɡ 
Զԥſڡ 
ʲô£ 
ƤƬ 
ʲôƬɻԡ 
ұ⳵Ƭ 
Ŷšһ㣬Ǿ֤Ҹ˵ˣ 
ˡԶеź 
ʱú˼ˣϲߡ½£Ժ̸ɡ 
Զŵ绰ҶϵĬĬؿһḶ֭́ûȥء 






 28 

ʱ̾˵ 
ֱֱعţͷ 
ʱԵǾ͹˵ܵÿڰ 
үûҵܵܣҲۺΡֻˡ 
ʱʣʲô 
޶ûֱңһҪĶ 
ʱĬȻΣվ֪֪ʲô 
˵үȾҵܵܡ 
ǣʱҰ޶ӻ 
վߵߣ˵½޶Ҫǣ޷ˣҪвңˣҪ̡Ҳܸ˵ˣ̸ܸӵ޶ֻͳҲҲɱʡǲΪɱû취յһʱȳ׽޶ŮһһָҪ޶ӳǱǲǵõ޶ôģ 
ĬƬ̣ش𣺡ʲôû 
ûʱп˵Ϊвȳް취Ǳ˳Ҳķѡ˵Ӧ޶أӦȳӣ 
ûлشֻǸصڵذϿͷһߵүȾҵܵܡ 
ʱĶͷ͵ذײüͷ˺üˣͣǰץסֹסͣͷľٶ 
Ȼֻ˵үȾҵܵܡ 
ʱָĶͷĴָᰴѹĳĺףȻһ㶣ʣ޹ˣ 
Ҳһ㶣뵽ԼԶ߿࣬ʱ֪Ϊʲôѹ֣Ȼᡣ 
ûüشʱѾǰס°֪ͣܵܣҲ޶ͷŰϳȥһͷó𣿡 
˱ִۣʱϣҰ 
ʱһ£ֻܼ˵үܶٸ꣬ҶߣүȾҵܵܡ 
ʱһ°͵ط֣ˣָ˵㵽֪֪ʲô 
Ȼߵһֻӣֺݺظ㵽֪֪ʲô 
ڵϣƺֻһ仰˵Ҳֻܲͣ˵Ǿ仰ţүȾҵܵܡ 
ס죡ʱŭһ 
ʱ躹ޣһ΢ЦʾˣϲŭɫȻŭǾ޽С 
Ƭ̣ʱָƽ͡ 
˵ܶٸ꣬㶼ң 
ش𣺡ǡ 
ô㣿 
һ¡ 
һֻץסǰֵֻĶվֻ˳Ƹյ˰̡ 
ʱ࿴Ŀǰһ̰ճ塣 
׼ôңʱսشˣҾȥܵܡ 
۾ʼ⿪Լ· 
ӽ⿪ӵһߣʱѾʼࡣ 
ɿƤɿڵϡһ˲䣬Ȼ֪Զǰ·ʱ顣 
ַڿϣȴȻʱ׽ס 
ţʱ˵Աü٣ѡ 
ȥסġ 
һۡ 
̶ĵ绰ͻȻ 
ʱδţһֻѾıһ·Ħ£βס 
绰ͣƬ̣Ͼ 
ʱջһ̰һխΣȥӵ绰 
ʲô£˵ʲô 
۾ʱɫ䡣 
µ绰һۣȴ·ҳȥһˡ 
ԼĿӣүҵܵܡ 
Ǹ쵰ܵܣʱ̾νһ绰֮ʧˡ 
һ㶡 
ʱ߹ȥӵϼĳ£һһ˵еҪĶҲˣȥͥ˵ɡ 

˽֪ͥöҪء 
δϾͿʼʱֳʱſڵʱơעظ¼Сͷ̸ֱ˻Щ̸º֤ǹķȨתơϾŵҵʱ˸绰ͯ˵šġţһֱ쵽ҹû绰Ҳȫͨʱһ෢ϢϰڷļǵƲأͥĲȴˡŻһ绰ֱӴʱ 
Щļʲô˼ʱüͷ 
࣬үСսսػش𣬡һţûû˹ 
ʱŷģŤͷϵļĬ̾˿˵ӳɴ绰ֻһȥ½̸̸ˡ 
˸һۣȥ绰ӳɱͬ˼ԾΪǼưٳҪʱĺҶܿʱҪӰ࣬ؼʱҲǳ 
ȻһߵӳϾͳͥϣ绰Ҳңһ·ҿ޶Ǹ˵һʼŸơҲ̫⣬ûϵֱӸүа壬ΪҲûϵΡͣ˵ϱ̬ںϳԹҿǳˡXѵģ⼶ĶҶ𣿡 
Ĭ뵽ԼͺһζԻ˵һ仰ȻǶ͸ 
˵绰ȥεϢҡ 
ʱڸεĸཻʲôѹ˷ܵıһļһܳүģһܴá 
Ǹȡζ֮ıʮֲ˳ۣɨһۣʱӳϹ 
ʱһ¸źεĸϢҿļ˸һ·һߵҺӳɶ֣ȥ½塣˴źεϢʱϵ 
ү˵Ҳȥ 
ʱȥ˾ͻز½ҪסĻҲס㡣 
ԥƬ̣ǿͬ⡣ȥǿǴ绰޶ڱнˣпھڱУĲǣŵ붯ô֡ 
ӳֻ˶ʮӾ͸˹ɼ֪˶ٺơԼֻ¹ͥﶼ£˼ֲģʱıڣһжʮˣƺƵسˡ 
ȵǵĳûӰԼϢһ·ȡǹӽ˵ֻţֱӸүɸϵ 
 
Ҳʹ죬ȥɢɢġ 
ӿ˿˵Ҳȥ 
һۣǸүˣȥɢ˭ 
˵ʲôû˵һ·棬ȡʱͣסŲ˵磬ء 
Цһ£ʲôҾȥɢġ 
˳֪޶ǰѵ㣬ǰһһƻģҪһһȥ 
·ڳ޼ʣ׺ѪǱ˴ſ˫ӵŷǷĲƱת˲ֳΪǵļƷĵ£û˻ͷҲ޷ͷ 
ĳӴӽ߾ǰᣬӲûпһۡ 






 29 


䡱һˤһõУʹ޷Ȼ 
ǡƭңŭָ 
˵⻰͹˰ɣǻڵģҲҰһڵĸͳһ̵֧ϣһڡ 
һţ˵Ҳǰһǰ 
⵹ǣ˵лл㰡ٺһЦҪ˵ʲôԱһȾ˺ͷȻЦӻ
磬㵱ʱûǲһ㡣ЦһҪ֣ȶøƵģֻûӡΧһ𷢳Ц 
һ˵ǿ޵ð˵ƵģһغҰɡҰɡ鶼һΧִЦ 
췢Լ˷ͷæ˵أʱүڳֱ˵ץסһĲ𣿸ҿСϾ͹ˣɤӣüϸ˵ܰץסΰ 
˺ЦһţЦû뵽ķáߣֶֻûεǰͰ͵٣˭׸簡 
ΧԼϷŪԼСųһӻ𣬵ǲҷֻ޺޵˵Ѿץסˣǲ˵ǲ˵һ¶ͷ𣿡 
ǵȷ㰡Ц˵¶֮Ǿͷ˰ɣǿû˵˷Ͳٰץ 
һƬЦּؿȻ߷ߵ˵ǣǵҪҸʲô 
Ժ췢ʹһɫ췢ǰȥ¶ 
Լȥһ£㡭ʲô 
췢Ѿ㶵ֻɪɪӣһ߹ȥĺӶϣܿ㣿 
ΧһЦ췢ǺţǴʲôʲôݣطųȥôƫƧ϶㣬һûΣˣѱͲԹͻȻ۵˵ֻò΢ţ췢һţЦʲôԹһ·٣绰ٰץҲûʲôʧŤͷŴֺõЦ磬˵ô 
˵ͦãЦе˵ȷǿ绰˰ɣ 
ǵȻˡԱһ˵ߵɽˤӣſڵϴֻͦίء˵ʲôңҾˡҺʹԵ绰ͰˣǶء 
ܿҪ˵ʲôͼһֱ﷭ֻͨ¼ĺëȥüţģ˲𰡣軹ΪƴȫЩ֣ģ飡 
һȺҺֳһţſѾ˻ˡ 
磬Ǻץסһ˵ʶ 
͵ض̧ͷ˻ţأء 
˻ͷֻһ˫ְ󣬱һ·Ž鵹侲ϵֿ˿ǣ̾˿˵ʰҰҪѧҽ𣿡 





 30 

ԶһֱԼںͽѧصĳֵ÷棬ڣĳСѧһ棬ζҪըˡ 
㳤𣿡ŭȥᱨشʲô绰 
ڵϣԱߵԶ͵Ҳܱǻᱨҵġ 
ûⲻҲͦ𣿡ԶȻʣûб˿֪ͨ˵ʲôɽҪ㣿Ůһ˳̫ΣգԼˣˣһٻضġ 
û˵Ȼ˵Բңûô࣬ÿ춼ͨ绰һֱûУҲģҵʱΪûΣա 
ʲôٳͷ췢귳һ䣬ܵ 
ǰǸԳơ˵źŲãҪɽܽͨ绰˳ȥˡʣµ˿һҲûʲôвûǷ˵Ҫȥ￴DVDȻһЦԶˡ 
ֻʣ˺췢һµİӣɽϺ䣬Ĵ͸磬һضһܵȥͬ 
ѹøͣ磬Բ𣬻㱻򡭡ҡ 
ˣġԶĬ룬һ֪ͺáڸұۣʲô¶Ҫ 
Ȼ󵹳һؽеιι˵㣬㶯һ㣬 
ߵԻͷһԶɫɴ󾪣ɵܹ 
·ܵñȽϿ죬һƿԶͶȥ̽ıϢ 
ĶͻȻֹͣˣԶ֪ʲôʱһִֻӺñסĲӣһѾƾɣֻʣ±ԵεĽһ̫Ѩϡ 
췢󾪣Ҫ˵ʲôԶȵȻɱ 
췢˴ɵһЦˣ˵㣬㲻Ǹʦ𡭡ᶯԼˡ 
Զź·Ĳӣվȵһɢ֮һЦ˵ԲУӾԹҲȰɱˣ 
췢굹һϵѪɫһ֣Զ˵ȥӽˣˣУҪһҾС̫Ѩһ 
췢Ѹȥסֵӡ 
 
ҡҡλվԥš 
Զŭʲô㶣 
ɪһ£˺췢꣬Զָ´һĨ췢ȥҪǺˡ 
ƤĽҲˣٹСӡ 
ѷͽýʵʵģӵмҲĵطԶĺ췢ļ˵ͲôѧأഺޣҪúϧ 
˴ӽҶȥģ·˳ˣԶֻԼٴһѡȻƵѧУ࣬˳ɽߡ 
ʱѾˣ˵磬߲Եһ¡ 
Զ찤һٴҲƣùǺȶԼģֻǱһһֱûͣ¡ 
ͷһҵӣɵúͬ飬ȻԼҲǱúܣȴο룬ŹͱŹЧȻͬ 
һϴ˰˲ֵײײǰߣԶʣղ˵ǸΣǲǸµˣһ߸ݵˣ 
ʲô 
㲻˵ץŷ㣿 
ǲǾĲԣ 
Զûлش⣬ֻ˵ôûǹһ𣿡 
Ĭһ˵ݱҪĵطȥˡ 
ЪЪ˰죬ԶԶɽŵĹ·ˣɵþܣҲࡣ 
ȻԶͣסŲᰡһȻžϲ˼ 
ôˣʡ 
ԶֱֻǱ߲ĳ𣿡 
Ȼüãɽ˰ɣɽǰ˿ô죿 
˿ֿԶһۡ 
Զ˵Ͽȥ糵šлһҪҪ±ĻĻᶼûС 
˵תҪߣסʣȥ 
Ҵȥܲס硣 
üͷ 
˸˵ˡԶת߿֮ǰЦЦ׷ 






 31 

ȴ췭ظر仯 
üͷǹ׼һš 
˵ʲô 
ȥգȻ߾˫֣Ȼһ̲˵˵ǹһˡĸֲ 
ĸֶ˵ǹһ㡣 
һЦı鿴վŲԼʱࡣ 
۾һȵǹͳֻѸѰʱĺ롣 
Աߴһ¶һ£ǹϴϡ 
ô񾭽ţͷϷŪ˵СǶúܡ 
绰ʱѾͨһ绰һ߽Ŵ 
ӳɵү½ү̸ʲô𣿡 
ҵ˴˵Ҫͺε䡣 
ӳȴĬˣһ˵ûôɣ 
ñ䣺ʲô˼ 
ӳ˵˾䡰ȵȡ绰˱仯ߵ˵ȽϷĵطż˵ڽͥȣôţ 
Цʹˣ 
⵹ûУʱүȷ˱סߣͺιϵ̫ãҲû취 
ʲô 
Ҹ͡ӳɷŻǹʦŷץ޶ʱ⣬½岢֪飬ֱǹȥҪ֪£Ҳûӣټ½ûүҪͺΣȷʵҽҪ̣޶ţһ²ȥˡү˵߻ûǾԼ˲Ϲأ˵ŽͥĲ£Ҳ˵ôʱָ˴绰㱨˵Լˡû˱ĳ룬ֵ˺κͽͥǮҲֻˡȲ衪 
ʲôСҲˡһֱüͷøأ 
治׼ٲףһ仰½ү޶Ҫ˺κͽͥǮӴ˸ǶԹ塣 
ΡǾôΣ 
ʲôǡǡǡҲ㣡ǰɵľӳɵ½жƴȫҸܶꣿҺĸɶӳֿؽأ˺Ǯ͸̨ףԺˮˮ׬ǮѾõĽˣ㻹ô˵οԼȥ޶ġһ˵˵ǱܹܵûҪ֪εߣȥԹȥ޶ 
ɫһףĬ쳣ǹֶʼָŵĴŻȥǹڣǳš 
ӳ̾˿Ȱο룬ŵȥ޶޶ֺǡǰҪҲѾˡѾˣӱʮ겻ۺΣȷ˴Ǵӳ顣 
ĿضŴ֪ӵ绰ʲôֻȥûиղô۾￴κϢƽȣҲˣǹֱֱضĶͷ 
˺£ҿ۾Ҳ亹ֱ 
ӳɼ˵ɵ¡㲻뺦ɱ½嶢ɣ 
ֻǶŴȻջǹһһ˵֪ˡ 
ȻҶϵ绰ɨ˴һۣҵܵĶ 
Ϊһ磬ܲǰһһ䣬ǵͷ³̵١иʶȤǰһ˵ϾԼˣǸ˾ܵġ 
عͷԶһʯͷϣƣԶ֪˶ãؿǡ 

ʲôʱôһ£ҲԶװһΪʦء 
ûлش⣬ֻǿһۣת߿ 
ιʲô̬ȣ۵Сܺһ 
ֹ̧£һ 
ͷ 
㲻ң˫۽ǰͷ׷¥ȶˣֻܻϼŹӣ첡ҲǴͨץȥˣĳô࣬ڻ֪ôнһҲ֣ڻúվ⣬ΪӲ 
֪ش𣬡Ҳǡ 
ȻޱԶʣôˣ 
Զı飬ܾʲôԾʲô֪ĵطٻһɵľ 
شǰ˵ұȥɡ 
Զſϣ˳Ĭɽȥ 
һʣôˣ 
ɽˣĳͻ㡣 
ô 
û뵽ش˵绰Զĵذ°֧ϣܲشϵ 
ش绰ûУġ 
绰ûˣǻͷҪɡ 
ûգѵֳЦЦһѾԶˡȥһ 
ƤлҼأֱߵǮ˰ԶȻһЦ 
㡣 
ֻһ£Ҹرƽ 
װڴԼá 
Զֽȥֻȴؿڣʱʱ䣬ѰǴСͻַָϱỮ 
Զţ˵Ҳϲ͵Ůˡ 
Զֽסˡ 
Цһ£ǻڵģϲּҲŮӡ 
Զû˵Źȹң־ȹҵܵܣҷǳм㡣ҪҵҲûжҪ˵ģû취 
Ҫ˵ģû취 
Ը֣Ķ飬Ǳˡ 
ԼǸˣǸͶ·ʱջˣһ
Զرסͬʱľࡣ 
ûҪʲô͵͵˵㲻ϲԺҲˡĻǻܲѣ 
ĬˣֱһΣ˵㵽׿ʲô̾Ҳˣʲôᣬֻɱɱһ㣬ˣ 
ԶƵ˵Ҳ֪Ĳ֪ԼҲ̫ͳͷûа취γɾԣֻ뵽ѵʱŭĵºվڿ˵ӡޱҪعĽһˮ᲻ðԶ֪Լǲ˶ǲΪΣյͬʱصᡣ 
ֻǺں㡣Զ֣ص˵ҵҪ̶ȣضȲϡ㡭ֻΪѣҲҪѡ 
û˵һֱߵɽţĳͳ߶ŵһֱû˵ 






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ȥش绰ԶóָֻԶ˵ȥǱߴ򡣡 
Զ֪лҪ˵ߵԱߣܲģǻҲûԶ 
վڳϣ߹ͦȴôҲײֻĴɡ 
վǰ̧ 
ʶҪ㣬ȴס֡ؿֻԼֵֻıܸӣ·ڷģʮʧ 
̾˿ɿ֣һ̧ۿ˵Ķ 
Ťôֻ֪Ǹͨ绰һֱû 
绰ô˵ģüͷ 
Ҿ˵ï˽ߡٵ˵ 
Ϊʲôģ 
֪иˣҶ˵ңҾ͸޶˭ҡ 
иˣһ£ʣô֪иˣ 
ҿסԼƲסܲܲҪһҾ֪ҪҶҲԸ⿴㣡 
ץסִÿ˵û˼ǲǸ޶˭ˣ 
ûУ 
ûУ޶û⣿üͷø 
˵ûоûУغǸ޶صҲҪ˵Ҫץ֮Լʣ˵˵˵ʳһȤ 
ɫһ£ץȼӴ۵ýг 
ֲ֣֣֣ҵĴѵ뿴ҵֿѵ뿴ǲǾͳˣһǸСǲǾͳˣ 
㣡˵ɫͱúѿһ仰ѿˣҪȥȴͣڰա 
򰡣߷ߵǰץҵҲҲ⼸£ǲ᲻㶼֪Ϊô˴治Ҫ 
ǲֹϵͳ⣬ô㣬ԼثֳҲٶеء 
ث֣ЦһôҵģṷҧҳʲôӢۣζʲôҪȫԸ绰ȥңΪʲôûУȻңΪʲôǿԼ⣿ڵһᱻץ𣿲ڵЩ¶𣿣˵˽㲻Ҫڵ㶼ȥʲô 
ž 
𾪵Ҳ㵵ؿǸӳһȭˡ 
ԶӰקԼǰȫ綼Ǹ̵ĺڵӣ˵ܣ㲻ܡ 
ʲôˡһ֮߳ŭش 
ҲǵġԶ㲻㣬ͿʼΪԸΪͣĿ𳤣ƫˡഺоˣȥ࿴öʼǣϹȺһ¼ҳĹذͱҪ粻ΧתģΧתֻΪɡٲ죬Ұߣ״̬ûĸİý㡣 
ּǵͨ죬˵ʲôԶЦһ£򲻹磬˵ңܲе֪֮ȥţҸ˵仰 
˼˿ĭ쵽ǰԿף 
ԶһۣŰԿ׸ 
ۼ˳Ȼʻţóһɫĺӡ 
˵ô裬ҶǺڰܲȤ 
˵պݺݴϳš 
Զ̾˵Ӿ֪ԼＸˡȥʡҲǲã˵أ 
ЦЦרҡ 
ԶЦݣԼҲúȸԾнҪ̰ 
ͷ룬ЦЦ˵ԺܾҪ鷳ˡ 
ʮСʱ֮Զʶһʲôڸ˵仰 

ֱԶؼңԶ³ױ˵˺ε˵顣 
ҺȥֳھöԺе飬ͷųŴ˵ôͨϳܳԾʱһŮӵкҪŶֿΣһһӼɽ·߰һû£кģϺ񻹱һƣǺſڣֿǸкźֺͺˡ 
ô֪˭ģ 
ҺּһΣȻЦһ£û뵽 
ҴһصͥһЩ顣 
ڵʱܾɵʲô¶ûУžͷҲôõġ 
ʱָʱεԭĸֽ࣬ѩƽʱǴһ·ںκ棬ĵشһĳ¡ѹֲסЦرҲֻðеһʣƽʱθǲʲôˣ 
ѩ˵ûضģεҲǶʮСʱ͵͵һҿ϶ǲ֪ 
һϣϰ塱ͱɡΡѩһţھûҪ֪ǫǰǻڵͷҲһáԺߵĻǡ 
ĸ඼֪£Էġ 
ʱ绰ˣʱࡣ 
˵绰˵ү 
ʱƣӳɸ㶼˵˰ɣ 
ǡ 
޶ȳסץ˺Ρ㲻Ҫ뷨ҺӳҲû취顣 
үס 
ʱĬ룬ʣ˵ҵ˴ 
ǡʱѾԼˡ 
ǾͺáҲһû˯˰ɣҪҪȥϢһ£ڻزȥ֪ܼͨҡ 
ˣүͥﻹеҪ˵үҲˡ 
΢΢̾һܵԼӳӦҵǼ£ǲǾôˣ 
ү 
żش𡣡ҺӳɻҪ飬Ҿɻȥǵ̸̸òã 
õģү 
˵绰ӷԸ˵Լ岻ҪؼϢʱڽͥš 
ؼ֮ѸٴһЩ£ȻԷϴ˯׼õľ״̬ȥԵ顣 
 
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Ŭ취




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Զ˵Ǻɫһ졣 
ͻؼҵ·û͵ڴ˯ˣѹֻ֫顢ڿտգֲڣֻԼ˵㶫ӡһݺһ˿ȥѧУֱһ١ġҪ̫࣬ȰһڹϲҪһЩ߰飬Ͳ˵ûʦˡԶһȥϿΣѧûҵ߶ൽ칫һٽѵѧҵŻؼҡʱθ۲˵ϵ˿Ҳøˡ 
ϰ˵㣬ӭ˶йĵ绰 
ǳţ磬֪ȥ𣿡 
ôˣɳ˵ԶŤ 
ѺöǮתƵˡʼöǮֱͣеĲƲɡҸ绰Ҳû˽ӣҲ֪ô 
侲Զ˵Ƚ׽Щ£ʲô֮ģǵĵ绰𣿡 
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ԶĬƬ̣ʣĲ֪𣿡 
֪Ǹ˵͵͵˵Ҹ˵֪ȥָ˸ϡǲͲˡ 
ĶԶ̾ң취 
ϵ绰ԶߣԼ۴˵ģ״̬ܲɳֻüͷ˺һŷҪǸ֡ 
ضһС̴ӳһ߳һߺ˵磬˭绰Ҫôð 
ԶͨڶԷ֮ͨǰشص˵ 
һæˡ 
Ŷ绰 
æ 

 
ˮϸСı鶵ͷα̼ضһ£ǻģƺԱ˵ 
ŪˣүǻСϣҵŽء 
İɣˡ 
ߵߣýżתٶ飬࣬ͷٽ˶ү¡ 
ˮٴν£Ŭӱִ̹ǵĺ⡣ 
ʹָһ֪ΪʱŤ̰У°͸һƵʹȫ¶һָѰʹС 
ϴα߹ᴩж೤ʱˣʮӣ߼СʱţѾȫûʱĸˣѾ˺üˣ֪ģ屻˵ضŰ˺ܾá 
ǵģˮٴν£Щ̵ ˺ѰʹŻֳĶسŪ׺ݵĶֳıĿ⡣ 
Сα㲻ү𣿡 
˶үĴƭүûүܻŻɣ 
ʱѾˣƨҲҷţⱲӾöүٰɡ 
ȻʲôմˮϵıӣһһذףЩ˲ĵߡ 
ξôӹͷ淢䣬־θһ̣Ҫ඼һȡ 
˹סļ򣬻̧ȣƶš 
УһźڰΧʶ 
ΣֻҪſһ̣үǮô򵥣 
Σβȫһȫ꼶һأʦΪˣ 
ΣˣѵȥʲôѧҪ𣿡 
ΣǡôˣһǻأֻҪ㿴ңҾͿ㡣 
Σ㲻ú 
ΣҰ㡣㰮ң㰮ң 
Ρ 
Ρ 
ΡΡڽ 
ڻüͷŬҪӱ 
һĴʹǰε͵͵ʹһ۾ 
޶΢ֵŶ񶾵Цݳǰһͷһ£һ߰һġа˳СαԺ𴲰ɡ 
ɪһ±ۣ޶ĵЦˣ۾úÿɣ˭Сαˣ 
βһ£͵ۣһϤӰ˫ַ޶´ֱƽǿķȴԼĽŲģһǰ壬ڵء 
οڣȴ˻ȴһˣӵվ̧ͷ۾ŭص޶ 
޶Ц˼˵˼棬ûʲô˵𣿡 
ġŭ 
ž 
޶վƺݺ䵽ϣα޴üҪȥһֱ޶ץ°ŤͷϺ׵ĵط¶ 
СαЦе˵һҾ̲ס㣬۲ۣ 
ʹشϢţ޷ش 
޶ʹһɫһֳľһӴĺ󱳡ƺһһ 
Ҳϲ˲شҵ⡣޶ε°͡ 
ΪŬǵͨ죬ƴſش⣺ۡ 
޶ſ֣عЦţذϲϷˣ 
˿ڴϵĺΣֿ˿ҧصЦøģҴǰһֱܺǵĹϵ˵Сʱ͹ϴˣʱζô 
˵ 
ž 
޶סεĲӣֺݺݴһƣκ޷شУƾǱץСޡ 
ǲֹϵػش 
ž 
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ʵҺͺδֹϵҧгݵ˵ 
Ŷ޶ȤؿһִۣӺεĲȥҲǰඣ 
ңۿҪˣŭǰ壬ȴĶšס˼ֻܲͣš 
Ϊʲôң޶źκѪɫСαشң벻öү㣿 
α۾졣 
Ҫ˵룬ҾͰˡ޶˵ 
롣˻˵붫үҡֻҪүһˡ 

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֪˶ãεֹͣ޶ŴŴͣںϵŰѺקϣִӹһذס 
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Ρ޶۾ 
ɱҲа޶ȻЦˣôҲе㽻飬һͬԧɡ 
ŶһЦݿ֮Ա񡣵Ͻŭյţ񴫵ŶԱ˴˵ĲмͳޣϵĽ 
ݵĳĬУȻһЦ 
ƺܺã۾ﶼЦ⣺ȫҰɣ 
˵ʲô˵ 
ʹ԰ףǳǱһЦͥӵķɾ³ˡ 
ܸ˵أҪʱ֣Ȼ˻ƣ˵úȴŬرƽȣΪڲúʱ򣬻ͷһ룬Ҳǹӡһˣֵ̫ˡˣҲûʲôźˡ 
죡ˣΪ޶ʾ⣬Щ˺֣ܿʹԳ嵽ߣҪôһȥҪôһ 
ܵҲҪʣʲôƵĺȻһЦҲʲôˣҲӦã㡭ȥ֮ǧű𰡣Ȼүٳ㣬Ҳû취Բˡ 
⻰ǳŶү˵İɣ޶۾ûһ˿¶ȵؿᱨ𣬻ʾʱĺˡôô¶үΪ 
е㴭ȴգ˵㲻õ 
δ䣬ңԶĵطһƵıըΣ̧ͷ޶¶һЦݣͬʱ˵õĵΪ 
˵仰Ĺ򣬱ըӶԽԽҲԽԽ޶𾪵ظҪ˵ʲôһըˣǼֱ˵һ죬˲䷿ҡǽڶѣΪ͵飬ƬУݶµĻҳĴŷɵĽģʱһƬҡ 
޶²֪ʲô£һţֻ޶ţסſڣ 
Ƭ̺ըֹͣ䶨˶һﻹͺεӰӣ
޶һ໰Ըϸ׷ͷǹҵģ 
´ӦţҴҵܳȥ 
µǸĸ±ȽŲ޶Ҳȥ 
ܵ¥²ŷ֣޶ոµɽĽȺѾƻ˺üӶߵĳʼһкüը㣬ȻǱǰ˱ը 
ղŵѾɽ·ȥˣе˻ؿ˳ΪȻһǴûԲԽҰǰѸٵرӡ 
޶޺޵غһһЩովۼ·Ըȥ˹ʲôǲǰȫȱըȻ绰ɽµĵǣסԲԽҰϧκδۡҾͲţǻܳ򣡡 

ʱԽҰϣźںϣȫע˾Ƣ 
̫ˣ 
ǸըҲǺ֮ǰöġžŮʿһعչһСȹսһߵǸϧҵʱ̫û취ϵóƵͬС 
ǸҲ׷ԺԵûˣΡΣ 
λ亹ɫԲԣҪ飬ȴһƬѪ죬ϸ쿴Ȼ֪ʱӱһ˿ķθλá 
㿪һסε˿ڣһߵΣΡ 
ſҪشȴӿһѪ 
Ѿ֪ǷβеһȻѹ˿ڣһֽ֮ͷ̧𣬱ԼѪǺ 
ȥҽԺĻܾܲˡžӺӾ￴һۣ侲˵ 
ҲҪȵҽԺ˵ȥ 
ž겻˵ٶȴˣкһ㣬ֱЦ 
ƭģѣ϶˵ûлһ㶼Ҫ̧ȴ̧еѹ˵ǳЦ㣬ңĽ㣬Ľ 
˵꣬ο˵Ҷ֪ 
㲻֪ιִ˵ţҲиܵܣ£ǸҲáҲҪи˰и˵ǡʱ֣Щ֣ÿ飬Ҿúÿ鰡Խ֣Խÿ飬Һʹ࣬Һʹ࡭ 
δ˵ʹʹ˵һֹעһĶͽеı飬ͣ˵ţǶԵģҪңҪѾҲҲôҲ 
㲻ġŬ򶨳ȣ侲㣬ķеǻǱˡһ˵㲻ǻнˣ㲻Ǻһ𣿡 
֣΢΢۾Ϣã˻˵Ҹ˵˵Ҵûаֻϣ׵ӰӡȥҶԲʦһֱңȴûлȥֻǡûȥ 
αץĥͱٱȻ˵໰еĻ뷨͸˽кǿҵĲԤУԼȥ˵Ҳ⡪ 
ԽҰ̶̥žһġſãȻ̵· 
ԽҰҪһȦܵɽ£ѾܿɽһȺˣǵǵġ 
žŮʿɫ࣬Ҳʵûаܳȥֿ˺Ӿһۣûˡ 
ģһӢҪ
δڴϢǸѪӿɢȴһֱûֹͣڱԼѪǺֱԡ 
ҲҲ롭 
չһ޶Դı顣 
žŲȵףӼʻ»˻ỵ̂Ѿͳһ߱Թҿֵ 
ǹ类޶ȥˣֽźε˿ڣֻסεͷԷٴܵ˺ 
Ϊȵǣ޶ȴ·ʲôĵһ㣬ɧŷֿߣΪԽҰÿһͨ 
ӷһͨʻʱЩ˵ı顣޵ıı顣 
Ǽ˵ı飬ֱֹһγڶֺԼϣΣԼԥأڰıһС 
ͷźβ԰׵ʹر۾ 

ͬʱ޶ڸ´绰 
𣿡Ǿͳɣܳ쳷졣øǣ͵ʲôûϣ 
ݺݵغֻǣֱһӣҪֻӳȥйߣȴ侲ֻװڴ 
ԱߵĸŸҹʣүܽסģôղŽ˸绰͡ҪŹˣ 
ҲŹǣиݵĲŹˡ޶ߺ޵˵Ȼطıɫ÷ǳѿ૵뵽ְҵɱֲֵ֣ôöôӲĺ̨ 






 35 

޶ıڱʡʡ紦棬ﵽĴҽԺֻһ· 
ʱѷžŮʿȻ֪óһȻľŵһ·ٳȻֻʮӾ͵Ŀĵء 
źγҽԺžİ°ǩֻ󺫼ƽңž˵һʣµǮǵôҵĻͷʹҴȥƳˡ 
ȴĳϣŷԼǰ󼸺ȫεѪȾ˺ɫȥ³һ壬߸ɴӵкȻӿһƣУԼѾ̫ˣ۵޷޷ϵѪζ޷յŵġСķε֮һС 
˫Ȳ濪ͷǽϣֱֱصŶϷĵơƴ·ϵĴƬѪʹȥԱ 
ԵǹˣҽԺ϶˱˾˺ܾú죬ԶԶ˭Ҳûҹֹһһ˸绰һ۾ʹͬˡ 
Ӧ޶ڴ㣬ĵ̣еţҲֵɡ 
·ϵѪرɣζȴԽԽأ㱵Լһ֣һȺΧŹһ˸ӣǸҲѪڵϴȻ͹ԼűߣʱǺ°Ҫˣ֪˭Լһ£ԼǰһײһŲȵ˵ظ˵ѪһԼϡ 
ؼ֮ϴ˶õ·֣ҴùģԼδʮһ죬ԼǼʪܵ·˶ã
Ǵ쿪ʼԼѸٳĹâ֮ȥˣһűбȡλá 
ģ濳±˵ԼҲˣĴɱɱ飬ĳֽǶ˵ϰһֿ档·ڱУԼܻʲôһ 
Ǻͺһֻһֿ㣬ԽԽ飬ԽԽԽԽ㣬ĶѭУڰͲʲôˡ 
ȥԼüͷԼصʵ磬еĵƻţ߲֪ʲôʱһӰ 
̧ͷҲ෽ȥԶվڲԶ֪Ѿ˶ãĬؿ 
ɫÿһҹû˯·Ҳһ糾͵ӡҽԺɫǽڵıУȴȻůЦС 
ڿԼԶ߹ߡ 
ǲţм仹ʮ׵ľ룬ûԶô֣ԶҲû׷ʲô飬ǺȻ֮䣬ȴãЩڰȫûзûб׷ɱĽźͿֲû׷ɱ˵ѪȺ׺ݣûаҳϵ룬ûаɣֻһͨˣ˾ְԱʲôƵְҵԼһ𣬱˴˱ԹŸԵĹһͬѣȻ𣬸ȥƽɰ 
뷨˵ģԵԶƹοظϵʱûоܾ 






 36 

Զϥظֱδ绰٣͡ʵ˵ҲûʲôԡһЩסԺƷһ·εĲ 
ȻʱΣգȻڻУߣؿ԰׵ 
Զ߹ȥĶһߵϣ̲סڰ˵ǡá 
΢΢ЦһЦû˵ 
ԶĪʧ˲ϵĺһۣȴ˵ʲôֻ÷Tݸ 
ȥ˲ϴּ䣬ϵѪ£ųһӽ¨ʪë˲մȾѪŻԶİT 
ʱԶѾӱߵֳͣʣԼǼأ 
ˡ 
ԶһۣȻЦһ£ǰЩTᶼô˵İɣ 
˵֮ȴɫһ䣬·ЩȻӣǿضԶͷԷ 
ԶԼ˵˻ҲԼ֪ĬĬӣԼһʳζسŷһôڣ˰죬Ȼ˵ǵġ 
̧ͷȴûٿͷӾͺû˵ղǾ仰 
ԶҪʣȴޱس˵ЩTմѪӵģеʱҵѪ󲿷ʱǱ˵ġԶҸ˵ܶˣҾˣԶҪ¿ɺ޵öࡣĻ㣬̧ͷһۣĿĮ׺ݣԶһ㡣 
Զȴûڿ۾һ۲ϵĺΣתϵ˰̣T¶ĲˣֱһղûвɾѪգȻֱ۾ 
ҲϲڵҲᱻЩסᶨ˵Ҳ˵ܶˡ 
ǵģ˵öΣڿŵĺڴķѧУ֮ڶγڴǰֳ빤صʮǧҽԺԼչһβеͷ 
ʺ㣬¸Ҷ飬ԼĽݡĹµһУȴŵִź׷ԼЩԽԽе𶯺ͻҡ 
㵽׿ʲô벻ͨҲͬʹܶ⣬һֱûеõ𰸣ҵ׵ܵܶҡ 
ĻʧԶԶһֳխСķһְϣչϵĽƿ 
彩סʱܰԶƿȻһȭԶָĦԶϧǸӶʲôı촽ģĴĥ 
һսдԶĵطӿоʲôĶʪʪ´ϣƺ˳Ǹͷ˽ͼ˿Ŀǻ̽ 
ʪȵĸоغ뿪ܵ룬ԶָץļȻ۾ 
ͥĵ֮һΪԼʶе񣬶ġ̰ġġѵģԶϤͿ󣬵ǸĶֱڰĽ 
ͷӲҪƿԶԶȴϾһ¸ǲ촽ͿʼҵĶͷգȻʹԼڵһ 
Уűƿˡ 
ʲôʱıǳſڣɫΪõؿȻϸشԶһۣ˭ 
ɱԣֻԼӹԶ;úһ 





 37 

үվ 
ʱһۺֿһԶһ˵ 
תţٶ˵ﲻҪȥԼ顣˿ĵز˵Һ 
˵ȥԶץסĸ첲ʵϴ˵Ǹǡ 
һ˦֣̾˿ûϵ 
ûпԶı飬ԳţͼʱڲԶվţıվȵڴƺǰŲñ˹ 
߹ȥ΢΢ү 
žһʱһ˦ϡ 
ʱʱҲǸݽɫʱʢŭ֮£һܲסú 
ʱǯס°ͣҧгݵ˵ǰ軵ˣ 
۾ʱĴָݺѹ촽ϲ£һú޶Ҹ½̶Ľ㾹ȻԼǱҸ½巭𣿡 
ָϣҿ˵ʱජ۾˵ҲȵòֳôĶȫʡ֪ը޶ķӣֻȳˣ 
üͷɫеѹ 
ʱЦһɿ׽°͵֣˵һºα޶ŪˣרŰ½գŹһ޶ͷˣ˸ϳʲôҪһ㶼ûôճ 
ͷĬ첻˵ 
ôûˣʱѵԼû 
үڿڣ˵ҲԺΡ 
ʱһ˶ŵһĴ磬ѵûˣκϵôڵģĲݣʮ 
³Ĭˣʱ࿴һ̾˿û취ú׵գ˵Ѿӳȥ޶ˡ޶սթǶģξȻӳ϶ˮ«ʲôҩѾӳˣһȥ 
΢΢΢΢ƫͷʱĴʣӳɸ޶̸ˡ޶ĵ̡ 
ʱüͷ޶ҪΣֻֻܸҪں֮ǰҪͺˣ˵ٱһ㣿 
ҲԺΡֵүҪǵ۰ɣ˳ߡ 
žʱһ˦һεȻһλҪݣصײǽϡ 
Զƿţܹסŭʱƾʲô 
ʱ໹û˵Ѿһƿû£ 
ʱؿǣƾʲôԼλѣƾʲô㡣 
ҵѡеػش𣬡ֻչ˺εģûйϵ 
𣿡ʱ˹˵Ҹղţ񿴼ڡչˡˣ㰡 
һ߹һ߶סԶһ˫ȷѪĥݵ˫񵶷һͶԶ۾ϡ 
Զµصɻʱ಻ΪЦһ£ֱֱؿ۾ͬʱס°͡ 
۾źݶЦ⿴Զǲˣĸλǰҷʲôģ 
ǽϣ۾ǰĿʹ࣬ǻصǸϡ 
˵ʱ˹°ͣԶҪǰֹȴʱĿⶤԭء 
ҷģ׷үƴӣѡһһ˵꣬ͷѼ亹 
ƴӣѡʱظţսߣ۽ǿԶһֶҫأ 
ر۾бѣĸ׵ݵó 
áʱƵ˵촽ֱҪĶ䣬۾ȴɵؿԶԺӣô 
Ҹߡ 
˳ôһ£ 
ȭͷˣ۾ү 
ʱȻؿԶɵʣһֱ֪ԭ㻹ͷҪ˳𣿡 
Ŷ˳ 
Ǿͺãʱ΢˿ЩԶ΢΢һЦȾϺڵģ䲻סǲһ·ЩˣͲҪˡ 
û˵ʱǳطſ֣ȻǺȻԶǸһ¶ͰЦ⣬˵չ˺εģǾˡ 
Զղһϵоٶס˿ʹüͷʲôû˵ 
Һˣʱظǣлٸл 
ԶĬֿһۣȴ 
Ȼ֮䣬¶ʲôһԶϵ֮ɫʧˣȡ֮һº͵Ц⡣ 
ð΢ЦţȻʱ֣ڴһ졣 






 38 

ʱһϷرǣһ·˶Ĭ˾Ǹʱܶ׳ˣƽʱҲĸڣܻԹɫҲһ·޻ 
ۼŽ˳ʱŻڣ֪֪ 
Ŵ֪ʲôԻͷҴˣү 
 
Ҳţ˰ɵ 
أ 
ûȫİվжúˡ 
ʱ࿴˿ϵӡ΢΢ţ̾õԼôΣյ¡ 
㿪Ҵ˰棬үͷ 
ʱûջ֣ؿһԼָͣ⣬ȻʣξȺΣǲûŻ 
û˵ 
ʱҲûбشջֵ̫ͷ˼˵үҲˡԼȥһ£ĵ̻һɡ 
ǣү 
ʱѾס˾ͣ³ҪʱǣʱȻס֣˵Ǽ飬ٺú롣 
ջ֣ˣү 
ͷҲص˳߿ 
ʱĳղסֻõǰһ¶һ־ڱصõЦݣóֻʼ绰 
绰˺þòŽͨιһģŶں±ϵĲ졣 
Υ˰棬һ̸㣬ǵøϵ 
ĬһӣȻԳԵЦ 
һ밡˾ˣЦ˵Ϊ̲סҪضһءǵģҪǵͰŪ֣Ҳ 
ʱؿλϡ 
û취ЩƴһλԽߣԽãĹ˼ɲԽࣿ 
Ϊû취ʱ൭һЦãʲôʱȱõˣ·ߣеǰ취 
һ治̫סѵ㻹ĸԸɣһ£ֿʼЦҲǣǸӣҪĸԸҹôһ룬͡ 
㵹ˣʱְֻõǰţÿɷ˵š 
ûûУʲôסĳϢһ£æ˵˵ֲ˾Ůͬԣҿɲϲѵʲô˵˵⣬һ붫ĵ̣ôģҪǻŽҲи׼ 
ǰһʱЦһ£ƾ¡ 

صסԿ׸ա;òԾߣͿһӰɳϵ 
ȵؿڡ 
һžͶĿıͣ˺ܾãȻ˿һ˵ǰǸԿף 
ǰȷԿףΪʱӣֵסһ𡣵һܾˣǰԿӲûʱȴ˵ԿѾˡ 
һۣû˵ƣ߹ȥ˵𣿡 
ȥһС˵˵һҪȥʡˣ˾ 
ŶȻеסվߵˮ˹˵Ůѡ 
ɡˮһڣ粻Ըȥأֻᣬɡ˶٣˵ֻҪǸ鲻䣬н취 
Ҫҡ˵һ룬̧ۿһ£Ŀʣʲôʱߣ 
ˡ˵صĹϵҲ׼ˡ 
ͷ˵ס 
ֳĬ˺ܾãҿһۣƽʱһס𣿡ҪʲôִҴҵ˵ظ˵˵дʱܺʲôĻкܶ࡭ 
ЦЦʱ䳡ģû˹˴֪ʲôİ취ӡ󡣡 
۾˵лл 
סˡ˵лʲôֻǴӿڴͳһ֧̣ȴôҲŴ׵ְ̣ϡ 
УһֱųĬȻӶͳһۡ 
תµǮذѴ۷ڲ輸ϣҲҪ 
šת 
û̧ͷָŴϵͼƶţǿʲôǿҵǲڹң 
üͷ˵ʲô 
ôǮңǲǸûԼʣ ҪҲҪȥȺΣôҪ 
˵ҵѡ 
Ҵûϲѡ˵ҲѡҰͲһһȫ⣬ҹεʱһԥҲûС 
ҧҧǿŵı꣺˵ûУ㻹ʲô£ 
˵ҲָġңҲ֪ζôҪ 
⼸ǱĵǸһ¡ 
ǲڹңס۾е㼤ţ˵ʲô˵ͻȻҪȥڵҲûһѪҲʲô˵ǰһҲʶλԼüҲ֪ǲǵһۿˣôݣ͸ǸһŵòˣԱߣҲһͶûУûж຦£ͻȻôô죿 
ĬˣȻǵЩ飬ǿ˦֣ŬԼ޳Ŀ⣬ذ⣬֪ں£ִ֪ΪΪڵʱԼҲͬھ޴ޱߵĿ־У֪ܵõꡣ 
ϰ˿־壬΢ĵغʱѾݱ֮޿صسɳΪһˡֻܳĬߵǸ 
̾ϢȻ˵Բ𡣡 
ûҪǸ˵ָ˸ˮ⣬ֻǲףΪʲô˵㶼˵Һسߵʱôңвң㻹ʲô˵ΪʲôҪӱΪǶҺãҺ㶼ν𣿡 
üͷʲôҵ飿˭˵ʲô 
ûֱӻش⣬׺ݵز˲۾ֱʵ£Ǹϴ£СЩΪʲô˵˵Ҳ˵ 
Զֱ˵ 
Цһ£Ƶô϶ֻһ˵ʶŶãʶҾôûãҺô˼Ҫû˸ңǲǾôһӣ 
һʵһ£̾˿ŽͣЩ¡ûôࡣʱֻһһһʼΪС֪Ǿ鶼ȥˣûбҪ֪ҲûоûãҡгϢˡܲϰĶԻ̲סͷԲ𣬵ίˡ 
ץס֣ԼϣֻʣҲ˵ӣֻοǲڡûһ죬õܵܵ⣬һʱȻ֪룬ֻԼƵʪһƬһˮҪֽȴֱקס 
ͷõ͵͵أץֵеˣֹͣؽ
硭 
һڣǴʲô̧ͷ۾ֱֱؿͨһڵϣһĺк
硪 
·һ˺£ƺǸĸ׻ʱΪԼսܴʲô߸ıʲôԼҪ˴ϵҫҸ 
ֱץססԼ۾òƽ 
ֿȻܼ۾ؿʵڲǺóнֻһ£СӻǵðŪŰģ 






 39 


ĵ绰ʱѾǵڶˡ 
ԶǸʱոֱδ绰٣귢ֻҪûˣΪϹæҲûд뻤ʿԼһºΣóȥܳʱ򣬽ӵ硣 
ֻûˡһͨ绰ֱ˵һù绰㣿 
ȻûԶǾЦˣֻ˵û£ô 
λûѣҽ˵ûʲô⣬͸ˡ 
֪첻ǵѾˡ˵ô 
ңԶ΢΢Цû£չ˺Ҳ鷳ġ 
Ĭһ£Զ˵ 
 
ԶΪʲôûд绰ң˵ҺܵġһֽӵôȻȻͺʶ˺ܾãֱ˴һԶȻû˵ 
Զ˵ɻ˵ѵѾûˣ 
ûԶ˵ȴɤеƣɤӵû¡ 
һЦˡ 
Զ˵ˡ 
ڡðɣԶŵʡ 
̾˿˵Щʲô¡ 
ֻ㣬ҡιιԶԼؼʱ̵ӵֻŭĿӣļǵذлʿһҪȥ绰 
Ŵ򿪵Զһ߻ͷһ˵鷳տһ²ˣҪ 
վſڣ΢Цؿϣվϸк 
ð˵ҺԸ⡣ 
ԶĿɿڴϲѵı̿һ߻һ˵ղŶģҺܸм㡣 
˵ˡ 
ԶѾӽ˫۳ϣԼĻС 
Զ˵ 
ȵıϢľͶ 
תԶֿƣת˵ 
һ̧첲һ£˳ת 
ûֻ̫ΪԶ˿һ£û뵽ԶɰһҲû˿̫Զת֮ؿ 
ԶΪѵظš 
ԼҵġԶȶҪֳΣա 
ֻлԶǳڣȫڲҪתˡ 
Դ绰Զս촽Ҫģÿ˵ʱůϢ͸οĴǣԷţԵһȥ˵£Զĺüٶ򣬡֪Ҷʲô˼㻹ˡ 
ͼתԶ촽ѾҵĿ꣬βϧ̽һʵʵڵǣͷֿõ촽ϸϸƷζҰ㣬㣬һһ̽ø 
֪ԼӦƿӦԥԶĺİѣΣ۾޷Լһ͵͵شϢ 
Զø˷ܣͷ˱ԭϵֻʵؿڣһTĲϣеԵĴԶ޷ͣ·µͻָȥ 
ûݣӿԶ֣һƿ 
ԶǱغ˼Żڼš۾ζ촽Ȼ¶ĵЦݡ 
ֱȵߣ΢΢ƫͷ 
ԶЦݱøҪǰȥסȴ 
ʸղ˺лʿ𣿡 
һۣҪš 
Զȥ׽ס֣Ҫ˵Բ𣬸ղŰˡ˻Ƶ 
еġҿˡ 
ԶعͷȥֻѾ۾ޱؿǣ֪Ѿ˶á 






 40 

֮ȻʮҽһעԶһһˣʱʱѯһЩϸڵ⣬̬Ⱥ档 
Զһ߿ıˣԱӣһ߸źͶıĿ⣬Ϊζڵȵҽ뿪عͷ˵ֻûˣ 
ºͳȵʾ䣬ڸˣԶܾɥҲֻȵ˵ģҳȥ 
߾ʱָ΢΢㿪ϵıԶһҲԶ 
ԶسźںβԱߣ˿޶Źˡ 
ڿھͻʹУֻѹ˵Ҳֻ¶һǳɻı顣 
ү޶Ұɵ鷳ӳȥ̸Ҳܲ⣬޶һ㲻⣬ըķҲû˵ʲôźΣ֪ô𣿡 
üëҡҡͷ 
ӳɵʲô֣̾޶ĵ̣Ѿ֪ͨ˼ֵܹչ㡭 
ЦǻЦͣ 
ͷһ㣬һߵַʲô񾭣 
ͣЦҪչңǰɵԼ˼ 
û˵ 
ЦҪˣôҲǡ½ɣΪ˶޶죿ҵ˵׶أ 
Ѿˡ˵ӵҶһ߹ǣ񾭡к֢źΣڵƶˣȹ¾Ͱرǡ 
ôģ˻ɤӷ𣬡ҿǸˣ޶ĵôģ 
侲㡣ס죬˵Ӻûûôͳ˷ˣ 
ζļڷ 
״ɿ֣ο˵޶㲻̫ģһ˹㣬ôҲܣǲġ 
˿һͷϣ˵㿴Цˡֻǡֻǡ˵ˣһ֪ʲôȻһЦǲĽң 
Ľʲô 
Ľұ˵ǰӸ޶ҳ޶ҲûҪֳ˷ϡ˸ˣҲûң˼˼ 
˵ţҲֳһֹŹֵЦݣǾýѣǺܲġ 
Ĭؿһ˵ǰҺĽ㡣 
γԾؿһۡ 
ȴѾת۾ת潪Ļһû˵㽫ԺԼ˵ɡ룬˵һԶҾҪˣιûֵǴк·ַʱ䣬´ٹҪһˡԼúñ 
û˵꣬Ѿס֡ 
˸ȻǳǸʦ 
뵽ԼԶһӲ֪ȥ٣еεض˶٣˵ô 
۾㲻ϲŮˣô㶼ҪҸˣүͺܺãʦʲôСۿҪ˵ʲôץ֣Ϊ㲻˵Ҳ֪ңһ鷳үǸӣ˸ʲô뺦뱻 
һ˵̫βһʹ˴ֱͷϣȰο˵ˣ֪ˡż 
λǶᶨ˵Ҫ֪͸ôӦүһҪҵģҸǰƤĻô꣬»ʲôģں£ŵҪүзΪԼ׼ú·үˣҪǵȲҪֵʱ򣬲޶ʴȣƵá˵ȥҲ³㰡 
΢΢üһֱԶû˵ 





 41 

ԶطԾܳʱʼ˵ǻȫԾ 
Ե˵ҪϻȥʱԶҲҴٵ˵㡣Ȼ󲻹ľܾͺμ˵Ƿŭ񣬽š 
ͷһۣԥһ£ǵ׷˲¥ȥ 
ҽԺԶߣҲһֱûл˵ۼҪ߳ҽԺţץסһקһûʲô˵档 
㡭Զʣˣ 
ֵʣʲô˵ͿԶ촽һ죬һ˵ûС 
Զ۾һ¾ˣ 
СӣȻһ£ɵ˵ô࣬һʲô˵ģ 
Զһ£ѿģ۾ֱֱ죬ȴ˵ 
۾ٿ˵ûб£ҾҪˡ 
ҪתȴԶһץס첲˵˭˵ûб£ 
ͷΪеԲŵúܻͣʲô£ 
Զ˿˵ǵġ 
ʲô 
㲻ԾԶ룬˵ǲǵҿǸ˵֪γˣʱı͸ղһȥʲôΣյ顭 
е𾪵ؿƬ̺ЦЦԭ氡 
ûڿЦԶɫ˵Ǹղźθ˵ʲôˣʲô»Ǳģ㡭Ը˵ģҡ 
ЦѧҴ𣿡 
ԶɫΣƿԵؿһܾԼûô۸ˣԶգתҪߡ 
߲Զס 
Զ̾ 
ֻ˵һ䣿ԶеίȻִ 
ı飬úһ㣬Щ˵ڣǲǸ˵ϲŮˣ 
û˵㡮ֻϲŮˡԶֱ۽˽иоʱˡ 
ֻǾøм 
ҲôмԶŭҪ˵ĻͲܾǸϴ󣡡 
һ£û˵ 
ҪҡԶͳƻģһǺθ˵ʲô˵Ҳλʲô˵Ǽҡңİ㣬ԽԽܾҲҪƭңҲƽ 
§֣Ϊ£պ׵ؽסģֺðز˲䣬Զ󣺡Դҡ 
ߣίּᶨǿƣĶĤ 
վԭأ˼άңԼļƻһƻ¼ֱһɴһ㣬Լ˵Ȼ̾˿ԶĻת 
𶯲˵ЩĴʣԶȵĵƹᶨ峺˵ϲϵң 
㣿Զµ˫ۣԼҪȥˣֻɵɵظ 
ûлرߣ˵ҵҲ֪һЩԼҪܺ鷳ܷʱϵȣôʱ򡭡˶٣ʱҿԺԿ 
Զڹʲôϲ⣬ȥҪ˹ѹһһ˿ǻ۾ʣΪʲôҪԼԸҵģҡ 
Ҳϣˮ˵һ㹻ˡ 
ֱֱؿǰˣԶĿӿ㺣ԥظ𰸣ҵȻϵȡ೤ʱ䶼ȡ 
Ȼ΢΢һЦֿסĺ󾱣ȥ 
һԶ촽ǶԷȻĶ̼ѹǽϣҵǡ 
һֻֻԶľһֻɵļ򣬱ǻȶȺŰȾңӺ﷢ϸ 
ԶĶø˷ܣʼɡҧԼѹŵ˵촽ͬʱ˫סͷָķ䣬øԱǵøС 
ֱ޷˼ⲻϤЩŮǵǣܹԶǣ˵ͣǿӲĿ󡢷ļ顢ȵռкĿһϰߣҲеĶԿ嶯ԶʼػӦǡ 
Զòüʧȥǣѹϣ˫ֿʼƣTƤʱԼѹȻżϷԶ˫ȼĳλı仯 
ģûţԶӿǻĵϢŽǡ 
û뵽ţһľ࣬캬סҧţˡһ·°ͣͣ촽ϣֻαĥ 
治ôӦҪġ૵˵һȴ˵ҺһӶԸٵˡ 
ֻ֮϶ڷգԶƿ 
ԶҪЦõٴƿһߵԼ˵Ըȣͺúõصȡ 
Զ׽סԼƿԼ֣һ߿һ߷ŵһ˵á 






 42 

Զصβʱ򣬺ĸصһž͵ɹ˵ޣ㲻Ҫٲˣ 
㼵ʣԶΪ 
Ầ֪֪εͽУ˵ıĿģ 
Զɫһ䣬߽˵ʲô˼˵ 
ҧ촽˼˰죬ڵиˣݵˣҲڴ⡪ 
˵ϴ󣿡ԶʣȻȻôȻģ 
𶯵ؿһʣģ 
Ȼ˭ 
ΰû˵ȻһЦģʶŶá˵ûһ濪ʼˡ 
Զͷ֪ʲôοһۣ㶷үģڱʡҪһˡ 
飬ԶѵӦԸѾǵСˣλôߡѵҲܲ˼Ը 
ôοŲԼֱϵͷЦһƺǺܺĵ˵ǵô룬һһΪͲ۸ܡأ㿴ңĵȼô£˵ҪҾͲҪˣ 
Զüͷ˵Ļ̲סʵǲԸ⣬ô 
εɫһ£˵һֱҲˣҲٱү֪ˡʲôүƴ 
һֱΪԶɫ 
һֱΪĹؼ뷨һֱΪֻҪѡԼôһж⡣ʹۿʱҲû뵽ӡһֱ׷һֱҪվߣҪ۾ܿԼҪԼ΢Цһֱ˶Ҫܵķʽûʲôѣ߻ᱻȸʲôۡ 
Щǲ˵ģؿˡʲô˵ȻԼȥܡߣΪ㣬ʲôã 
ЩһԶ԰վһȥһߵ˵룬롭 
һЩԼҪܺ鷳ܷʱ 
Ҳϣˮһ㹻ˡ 
˵ϲϵҡϵȡ 
Զʹţ㵽ڴʲô

ûнͽӵĵ绰ϽȥͥȻ˵ͽͨס·Tţпȥ˽ͥͯһ㱰ס 
ǸŵĻӣʱһߵװŶȣڴһɳǰվ˸š 
۽Ƴ˼٩Ĵš 
ϣ˵ô̸սңˣʲôУ𣿡 
ôȵƷζţȻתͷŸŵˣӣô£ 
δӴʱɫǳѿһֻͷһۣŷǸ溫εѩɳϡ 
磬ܶʱӿǹͥõġѩԼЩﲻʲôԣ 
ԲԲ˵ģ˹˵һͥҵĵ̣㣬Ҳù磻ڶǸӣԼҲ֪ʲô²մѵͷҲ𣿡 
㣡ѩջվͥ㣬ӿɲ£ƾʲô֧ʹ 
ѩͥССѼڹܣӾ͹ܡ˵֧ʹǸӣȻƾƻµĽףһءһۣҸͲ˺˵ǲǰ硯 
˰üģ˺ˣԼֵС¾Ͳس˰ɣʧ̫żûаźá˿ͥĵ̣Ȼ˵㣬ҵˣҪǿ˳ãҾͰҪǾø·Ҿߡ 
һǵ˵Ļƻҽ׵ҾͲ׷ˣߣԼûˡ 
硪Ӽߵʱѩ׷ίغš 
վסͷ 
磬ôͥôʱ䣬ôΪҳ֪ 
ϰ壬Լ˵㲻ǺΡ 
˵ż뿪˽ֻͥʣѩһãȻվš 
ӱظ˽ͥظ˴Ǹɢظϳڱʣ磬ǲˣ 
ûСһ߿һʣ֧ʹô£ 
ӱһͣװڴͳһС 
ªϰװǰɫ״ 
һֳۣ˼ſǰĵ· 
ֻ죬ỵ̂ͨ˵绰 
ι 
ҡԶңԶ 
Աߴͷɥһۣʣôˣ 
ǲǺ鷳˵ҪҵȣǲǺΣգԶƺŬ侲һе 
Ĭһûϵ 
 
Ӧýֹôί˵ţ̾˵ĺûϵûҲҪЩ£Լ¡ 
¾ҵ¡ԶǳִǶˣʲô˴ˣ 
˭㡭áյĴʴ̼üҪˣһ۲ƽȥʡһٸ㵱̸ 
ҵ㡣Զһϻش 
û˵ԶһЦˣȻ˵ϵȣȻá 
ԶԷģֻ 

Ȼõĳŵʼսǲ 
εļ˹֮Զ̷رǣ񲻶صȴϢ 
ǵ˵ġ족ûнӵĵ绰ȥֻȻػˡ 
ʼѰңסûˣͥƺһˣûϵûԸ̸ 
ϵֻ˵֮ͻȥˣϵΣεҲʲô֪򺫼ѯӵϵʽ 
ӵֻ˽ռߣԶһһȥڱͨˡ 
ǵõϢȴͬһˮͷ 
ЯƷʡץѾ¾ 






 43 

ȡ󣿡ʱظ 
죬ȷԼԱǷ˶˵ǳںͰɺʦ˼ȡ󡣡 
ˣ 
ʦˣȥġ˼۾ʱһ˵ʡԶƷĹƷǳϸ񣬷ֳֶľͻ׷ʹ׷ףͼһ򾡡Ӳ̫ù 
ʱһԼô˵ 
˵ǴõģûüΪû£û뵽ڸ·ڱ̲˼˵Ѷʱ˵ʡعģһ֪úࡣ 
ʱû˵˼Աߵһۣ˵ķɳĻӦܸȡµͽ̣Ʒȡ̵ĻС˵ʱ໹ǲ˵ʱе飬ҾȡοүȨһֹԵķɳҲǴ⡣ 
ʱͷ֪ˣ鷳ˡʦ 
ʦţʱʱڴߣüͷ֪ʲô˵˾ˣӻأô 
ûйϵʱ˵Լ 
Цһԭ˾װ 
ֳȥһˣӲùţԼؼңԾ˴ŲȴֵСųʮֺЦһţߣֻصС 
ʱ໹ǸղŵƣҡڵɳһȻ˵һССӰѺδȻְѵܵߣʲôǣҶûˣſʼӲšƷ½ĵ̣˾ˣ˵ƻˣ 
ʱͷһۣһޱ˵ܵܳʱΪû뿪ɡ 
ûСʲôЦ˵;Լл᣿;Ӳ𣿡 
ʱ߻ɳϣЦڳΣӡ 
һΪڰһֱʱƺ˼һüͷ׷ʲôôڡ 
мغһҿܲˣ˾ˡڰһֱҪʲôʱ֣һֱ᲻ñô޷죬ô㶼ˣҿüη°뱲徻սһ㣬ЦţĴҲе˾ʮ꣬϶ǾõͲˡ 
ʱɨһۣ·һɺͷ嵽ŵףæԭλֳĬ 
һʱ໹û˵̲ס˾ˣֻѡ񡣡 
ʱƤһۣ˵ 
һɱȻʡ½ĵ̣˻߹ʵǼ򵥣Լ˽½ҲܡֿһЦԼҲԽ֪Խãȥˡ 
ʱһ⣬ڿ顣 
ڶˡɳһ˾Ҳݲģɱ᲻ãֲöôҲйͣ͵Ƿ񾭻£߾͵ǸʣӴ˾͵ʶ 
ʱƳһۣʣأ 
ϲ°ͣһЦЦݣͻȥ½壬ҲǵһθͷʡŪֽŴһأʱôô棬ãҪʹ죬ﻹҩ 
˵ʲôʱ 
ôô档 
½Ǿ䡣 
룺˵ͻȥ½壬Ҳǵһθͷ 
ʱüͷɫ˼䣬Ȼ£Ը׼߶Ļ¸ 
˾ˣǡ 
ʱһۣȥԼƾ½塣 

ʡĹŹ½йᣬ˹٣˱ʡ½Ҳû϶ˣʱʱŵл顣ˣʱһǳͣΪ½壬ھԼ 
֮ǣʱһóڼӺ˦ǻ绰ȥԼ쳣ʹ졣 
ͥ𣿺ðĵ˵ˣ˾ 
ϵ绰һ߶豭һڣһ߶˵
ĲʦҸɣ 
Ǳ߼۵Ĳ¥һССĲңװţɫֻϧǵȴ൱ɷ羰 
һ겻˵ŵԶȥҲɫҲܲơ 
˰ɣԶҲʮ㣬ʱڲ»˳Ц𣿡 
һۣЦúúãҪңҲֻʣˡ˵ɣʲô 
ʹ졣Զ΢΢һЦ˵ǵİһ˽֪˵ûУ 
һ˼˵åͷӣҵȻ˵ 
Զ۾еĲ豭˵ʡ϶а취˵س 
һ£ѡ 
֮Ҫڵȥʱ˵ĻӦҲѰɣ 
˿ʦҪδ̫˰ɣӼ˻ҧأο㿴׸𣿡˿ڲ裬˵ƽͷţڵֻܰһԼѡɡ 
ԶҲ̧ۿ棬㣬ȻһЦͥʱԼİɣ 
һ£üͷ 
Զ˵ʱҲҪȻؽһĸ٣ǮƣȻ㡣ԣҲ˿ڲ裬˵ƽͷţʱӣӡȻʱӣͳûҪߣһûǷʲô飬һҲͰȫˣȫʲôã 
ĬؿһЦһʦ벻ף㲻úý飬ʲô飿˵ôϲΣǰҰȳȥˣҪ˫˫ɣɾûʲô¶ˡ 
ûϵԶüͷֻҪǵʱ߾ˡ 
ú̬Ⱥһ˵ҲĶʦˣҿ֪סĶ 
ԶһҲȥˣһһ˵бѰ 
δȫվȣѾһֻ֣ôҲ̾վֱͬʱ۾һòмĿһһٵ˵ 
Ȳ֣Ҳ衣Ͱôôӣ 
ԶԼһ֣һ¶ԼֳܱӵЦݣͬĿȥ
Ȼᵽ֣һЦ֡ 

Զ㱣һֱ߳ȥ·۵䣬޷ϵĶĸУ˫ֳϴ̨ϣͣŻš 
ôģȥǸ̸ôģҪôģֿᵽĸͬʱԼôģԼȻ 
ǵģûĵѵԼøĸȥвӺǵ֣ԼһֱرܵʵȥΪԼȥĸĸȡԼҸԼǸ¶˱ĵĿ⣬ԼøĸߡģԶģ 
θʹʹһԶǽ 
ƺֻĬֲܻԼľֻ뱣㣬˶Ŀֻ뱣㡭ǲҲ£ǲҲһЩԼĵһԼǲҲʹ尾ţô㡭ǲǲῴҡ 
Զˮˮ˵Լϣӿǿҵ侲ûһ̾ԼͬʱԶ 
侲Լ߳ȥʱԼϵʷ˱仯һֵĮӲʶ¶ϿͬĶԼֵ۵еĶ 






 44 

߳ŵʱѾһɫԽҰڵˡ 
ԽҰһī׳˶˽һ֣˹ʦǲǸ˵ˣ 
ҵˣ̧ͷһۣһ׾ţ˱ӻҪߡ 
֪û¡ţ֣Ц˵Ҳ׹ 
һֵû֣Ҳڵϻˡ 
˵ԽҰȥһĵô״Ҳˣ 
ûлش𣬸ţһ㶡 
ѾһˣǸǳˡ 
þòŮͷе΢ķ⣬˼һǽ㣬ǰԵġ 
ٺ󳷣ͬʱⴸȥڵȣĴסĸ첲һһְֻļδǰͳ 
ڵŮҲѸƶʯ䣬ͷļеҺѾһࡣ 
ŭӺŮ촽ࣺ
ÿοˣ˼Ҿͺ塯һŶ 
üͷһĨѡ 

̣е㲻·ڵȴš 
Լûг棬ϵ½壬Ǻ½½ͷĵطѾԤʱСʱˣԷûгֲ֣֪ϵʽĲԽԽǿҡ 
磬ĸӼʻ̽ͷҪҪү绰 
ٵȵȡһ̣üͷ 
Ҳ֪ȭͷӲˣһ½ˣүɵһգҪǣ 
Ҳһ֪ȭͷӲҲ½û۶ػӦȻǲģҪȥֻ 
磬ǲǣ 
ԶԶһɫԽҰȴرеĳ 
ȥ£˾һīĸ׳ˡ 
䣿е㵵ؿųͷϵ˺ۡ 
˵㣬һ·ͬȥҽԺˣҿö߹ǡ 
֪ڳʲô飬ī濴ֵܹͷӲҩƴֻ첲㱻ˡ˵һ£ҪǲҪˣǵøš 
ô˰֮ˣЦһİɣôҲֲǡ 
䲻ÿɷر죬̧°ʾԼȥš 
򿪳ţԽҰŵѾһǳƲڳ۾գȴһƬɢ 
µʲôҩ̽ȥ۾ 
˭֪˵ͬµġϹ㲻ҩר㿴 
һۣĸܹקŴϣԼǱߵĳϡ 
俴ǵıӰǡ 
ϳţģ˵Ҳ̫п˳ɣ൱ڱѣ£ﶼûкùӳԡ 
俴һۣ𳵴ͷ濪ˡ 

áʱϵ绰΢Ц˵ллѾڻ·ˡ 
һ۽ǿʱɲҪˣ˻˳ˡ 
סʱ΢΢һЦ˶˵֪˭ôҪˣ 
˭˵ҲԼҪİĵ˵ 
úõҪʲôʱ΢ЦģһǸϵܺõ뷨ɣ 
ϵܺãɫһŵ֮ҿûҪˣ𣿡 
ʱֻ΢Ц 
ͷֶ۾Ը⡣ҿֻӦ˰ҪߣûӦҪʲôߡ 
ʱҲվڵˣһԲ˵˼ɡ 

áԶŻͲ˵һæǼôˡ 
ʦһһʣлǹİ˹ػش 
ԶһԸûУشҡ 
ѾˡҲѾʱҪˡ 
Զһڰȫˣ 
ЦڣʦֻǸҪˣûҹ涨ʱްɣ 
Զüͷʲô˼ 
ΪðʦҪȫȫŵسԶ߸߷ɣ㲻ʧ𣿡 
ԶĬƬ̣⼷֣ˣң 
ô᣿ʦҵģǰ㡪 
ʱԶ 
ʲô 
ʱԶܻغ 
ĬƬ̣˼֪ 
绰ҶˡԶҧǲÿ춼Ҫüĺ룬Ȼǹػ 
ֻϵΣǻûüţе绰 
磬磬صеš 
ôˣе㼱¡ 
磬صҪˣи̬һֱңϰҾͿ涢ҿԣ·Ĺ绰ͤúںÿҶҳȥҰ 
Ƕ𶯣Ϲȥ 
Զϵ绰˾˵ͷȥԣ· 
ֳ˾صתͷûпһۡ 






 45 


Ǿײ̸УȻǺˮĸоҵؿǽѡ 
ƹܴۣ˱۾иϤڶߡ 
˵ʲôţ˾ˣ˵׼ѡ 
ûʲôΣɣʱ˵ٸ绰ȷһ¡ 
һϳİ 
Ų߿죬߳ȥ绰ˡ 
ۣһȦԼʱҿɳϣʱԱߡ 
ǽϵӱʾϰ˵㣬üҪûȫָ֫Ȼ 
һӰֹʱษϷԽ 
үŬ壬Ҫƿ뿪 
ʱס°Ͱ߳ϵƽлл˵ 
ллүҳΪ˶㿪ʱ֣òţҲס 
ҿ׵úܡʱջ֣˵½ĵЯƷ֮˴Ϊʶ㼸ꣿ 
үġδ˵꣬ʱษսϢ˵ϣ졣 
ʱȴûٶĿѲţȻʣǲڹң 
ɻؿ 
㷢Ǹģƴӣѣû˵ߡܵȥϴѧʱΪҪûˡʱ˵ҷ˺ܾãʲôҲûСΪɣǾһ꣬Ҷ˶ӡҲףΪʲôڣʲôҪ뿪Ҫ뿪ң 
û˵ 
ǲǹңʱ̾˵һ䣬˵Ҹ½ͷǲǹҲϴ½ܵܣúθ½彻ףȻһЦֲܵ½ĵһһǰһ½ץסѱԲҰ̳ɣ 
үˡ 
㲻ƭҡ㲻ҪҲҪȥȺΣôܲԹңʱŻҲ½ҵСҴı½Ӷ԰ûкôοϵ˰̣㲻ͬ 
һȴ޷㿪ʱѾѹϣĺ󾱾ȥ촽 
ȻָһЩ޿ɱܣֻҧֿʱ಻мЦһ˫ذ£ֻһʹѾſӭʱͷַ 
ʱǻ֣˿̺أȻʮ˷ܣͷǻڲϱ任ʽòס°ͣ޷ʣʱͳĺһΪܵӣüͷŬ 
䣬Ժܲڵ 
ʱ̧ͷʱվűߣһŵӣһ߾ֻҲǹ⻵˺°˾ˡ½˰æ½Ҫˡ 
ʱһ˵Ϊ㣬֪Ҫĵ̸½壬òҪˡ˵տһۣܻĿ⣬ͷϸϸҧһȻ˵Ҵʡ֮Ͱסɡ 
˵һ·һȥҪں棬ʱ˰ֵҪܡ 
ǸȥĿͣ֫ɳֱ촽ϴˢĳֱȥڣԿصվոͼˡ 
վſڣͳ̺ѯʵؿһۡҡҡͷԼһ֧յصĴתһȦֻصɳ¡ 
ʱѾûɫ֮һţȥʱྪ˵ơ 
³һ̣͸ҸҲ 
ޱת 
һǸùľ˾˻ΪɲȥʡҲŰɡ 
վûʲôˡ 
㡣һҾ˾˻ڱǾСһЦ͵øˣ 
û֮⣬ţſڵʱشȻ㲻ԸҸɣ͹ܺԼ죬Ҫʲô˵ʲô˵Ҳ֪ǸܵܣֱԵĴӡ 
죬߳ʱı 
ɫƣ·һꡣͷӰţָˣǲȴԽԽ 
һȷ紵վסˡװڴͳֻ򿪣ͨǸ롣 
ԶڻеУԼɬƣ룬ӵ绰ӵ绰ӵ绰 

Զֻ֪ȥˡ 
ӵصĵ绰֮ҴҸϵԣ·ǹ绰ͤûκˡʱһֻţ˳⳵󵽴Ѱҡ 
ɫǺܺãƵҪ꣬ϡ٣ԶץסѯûмŮӣþĿȻҡͷ 
Žֵǰһ·ѰһС﷢صӰ 
һɫĽγͣڽֱߣһֻקأҪƴ 
أԶһܹȥ 
˿ܿץصַſˣصڵϡԶʱ򣬳Ѿˡ 
ءԶ˲Զȥͼ̱ڵϵء 
ľţɫҰףڵϲͣû취ԼվԶżֻýñ˽϶ɵ⳵ֱҽԺ 
һ·۾ţȫǿ־壬ץŸ·Ϸ֣Զʲôſ˵ 
ҽԺźһЩҽһ˵ؾŹ쳣ע򾲼ְԶе⣬ϵĴ̼ϵ˺Ҫע 
Զҽһȥصͷڲϣصӣг 
߹ȥõͷ˵˼仰صǹԹԵػشˣֻǲԸκι顣һ򾲼ЧãǿʼЩģԶ̾˿߳ҽԺ 
ڻؼҵĳ⳵ϣԶΪǷ񱨾˰졣Լ֮ǰʲôңϵˣҲֻʱɡвؿƿѵԼָعŵʱģĪʲô²ŻǣԼǣĻ᲻һŭʱ࣬أ
ȥֻҪ绰ȴֲ֪ʲôʱֻˣԼһϻŻţ֪ˡõ˯һʱȻܵľţһ߲صǷȫ 
һ뵽˿ֻšĻǸԼϷҪѴԼܵǨŭϣʱĻ죬ڡԶԼûȥܻܵĥҧأ˼ά˽Ƶĵתʼ˼һôߡ 
ͣ¥µʱѾ꣬Զûڻ¥һ¥һ룬кεϵʽͨҵʱĵַȻ󡭡ҪչˣԼһҪȥģʱǱʲôĵطԼĳֻܸĲң 
صĽŲԶʶ̧ͷȻԭء 
ſڵǽϣµָһ̣ͷ֪ʲôʱ̧ͷԶʱȥһ 
Զ޷ƶŲõڱϣӰǰؿۻõķꡢǡǡ·һɢ΢΢һЦԼٶȳӦһս 






 46 

ԶԿ׿ŵʱءźԶýӹ˯죬ѹͶëǸˮ 
ͷŵȥϴּ䣬ˮͶëŵߵط䣬ݸԶ 
ﴰûأõѾԶոհúأͽӹë˲ֺȻְëݸԼתȥش 
ֻصϴּϴëɾ뵽СʱԼҲչһ˿΢Цͳǡ 
ͶëͰԶڿճϴּžͱ׽סѹǽϡ 
е㲻΢΢һ¡ 
𶯡Զ˵ 
Լ޷ֿǶЩʲôķˣ˶кܶ໰ҪҪ˵ֻǾرһ𣬶ͷ֣һ 
һԶЦһζ 
ûԡ顣ҲشȻ󷴻˵һɳ 
˵ꡣԶҲ촽һ˵ȥϴ裬û 
ûС 
Ͳˣȥһ¡Զһ£ϳ 
ʵһʳҲûУѾˣʢһҲûȾͺȥ 
Ȼˢ룬ߵߵ̨Ȼ߻ؿ 
վһȻԡңƿŽȥ 
ԡ΢ȵʪĿƮɢԡζԶڳϴϵĭϱļչţعͷһʱľؿ 
ҲϴȻʼ· 
ѵTӵϴѵţпӵϴȻַڿıԵϡ 
Զĺ͵ͣһ¡ 
ѵڿ㣬ӿȻתԶ 
Զʶغһ۾һգգض 
һ߹һ߿ߴƶһֱ䣬Ȼһ£ܸӵر˼ӣʵ̲סЦ 
ҲЦÿǽס۾³ԼһЦˡ𣿡 
ȵ忿һְִֻ۾ÿ 
ЦͣסˣԶ۾ûκĬĳɷڣȫǿͬ͡ʱղſǸӲӲԼĴȸɢŲݺӵȶȡ 
ҵġԶɳƵ˵ 
׵ڽֶͥ԰ףԼŮ˵Զɫ۾ֺڰԡˮδϻ䣬뵽ʱĺˮȥԣֱӡ 
ۡԶһһ۾ 
۾оԶ촽ƵۣģȻȵĴУĽë 
ọ̈̄ҪƿԶԼ촽תƵĴϡ 
һҲæԶƷͷʪȣĳһֱǻĸȻݲȵؾ˱⡣ޱȻ÷βʼȱһսдļ׵һ·ԿƵطһģıԶҪǵȨ 
ԶϢѹססͷǿԼĽַ࣬ԺԼǵĽǶȣֱ˵޿϶ 
õĸоսԱܣ۾һԶƵǽϣѹȥԶǡ 
Զ﷢һཻ˫ֻļһ·סֽѹ£ȻһַĽѹҲôضҡ 

 
лҪ˵ðɣҺΣһֱˣŬ޸İɡ




 49 

лҪ˵ҺΣNΣȻܽ
û˭ʲôð취
͹ԡȥˡԶسˮԼĻϴڿʰԡңԼſţůĵƹ͸΢Цһ²߹ȥ 
ﴰ뿪Ǻڳҹֻ˴ͷƣԶվڴߣ֪ʲô 
ԶϷţ߹ȥͷҼĴദһǣȻỷס 
û˵ֻ΢΢ͷøЩ 
Զһ˵ôϲ磿϶ˡ 
һ̽ȥشһʣôˣ 
ɿˣԶתߵӱϷʲôһĵ˵ɫˡ 
򵥵佲ص飬ҵһڿݹȥ˵Ҵġ 
̹Ȼؽ⿪ԡӹڿ㴩ϣʣƺ𣿡 
ûгơԶеΡ 
΢΢üԡŻԡңѾԶӵһϡ 
Զǰһסߵ˵㴩ҵڿ㣬е̲סˡ 
ץסͷһξţȻʣԶûʲôɣ 
ԶһЦѹϣϷŪ˵аüǹ 
ҰһתѾһѹϣ˫֧ͷ࣬ɫ棺һֱûʹסԺʱôͻȻ֣ 
Ҵ绰˰Զݵػشһḧ˰̣һַֻŵϣ֪Ǹ޶ѺδʲôطǱߣǶǵĳһ·򶫱ȥˡҶ˷һ·ʹȥ׾֪ǵ 
ˡɫӵؿ˵־˵ȥˡ 
ôˣԶ΢Цң 
ǡ񶨣ͷ촽һ£̧ͷ˵ֻǵģҲǣȣȾͿˡ 
֪ԶůģɴδйᣬҲᵣġ٣֪Ҫʲô 
СԶЩʧı飬룬ѧǰģƵԶԥԥһ£ȻĴ˵أҡ 
Զûǣһѹ·ƽͷݡͷֱ֣ǵϸʲŷſ 
ˣ֮ǰ˵ϲأԶҲϢţǲģȻǹһҾͻ󡭡 
·Ц 
ЦʲôԶػһЩҧסһƤ 
û˵ϲأֻ˵ϲּҲˡϣһŵ˵˵֡ 
Զ͵̧ͣҪԵһ 
ֹסĲӣ˵ĺȫһ 
ҽԺ۾ţˣǸʱֵܵط 
ûټ˵ȥֱͬʱ̧ͷݺסԶ 
Զ͵طһʹǻͼǿƵʱǾͱüͬʱ߰㣬ǼײʹˣͷڶԷײƣǱݼ⻮Ѫȵζ˭ҲûбԹ˭Ҳûͣ£ţͶҵؼҵػȵزһеءͬĺأս˴˹˴˻Ӧ˴̽뱻ĸӿĳˮûǣǾǱ˴˵ĸľ 
ڽؿһ𣬺ܳʱ˭Ҳû˵ 


 лҪ˵ҺΣNΣȻܽ
û˭ʲôð취




 50 

þ֮Ŷ˶Զ̫һѹ£һ֮һЦɳƵ˵û뵽ʵһҲ 
ԶЦ˫쵽ıϣļһ̧ͷ촽ĥҲ˻Ƶÿԣ㵹ǡǺ 
飬ûжϲ˵ڵþͷֵ֣ͥ쿴ûʲô˼ƽʱҪ㡭 
Ҳûжϲ£Զϳ壬ȥðɣҺϲͷһ£Ϊ㣬ԲŸϲ 
һۣû˵ 
Զ˫ϲţ۾ڻڷŵ˵һʱ䣬һѧúңչʱҲǣȥһҹ飬ʲôʲôźˡȴþ㿴˵ģҲˡֻΪ㣬Բر롭 
ȥϲλͷѴѹĴϣͷɨһֳȥ촽Ҳ¡ 
Զȴеʧص㲻⡭ 
ϣҽ⣿еɻ󣬡ʵҲģһʱҲʵ 
ô𣿡Զɫѿ͸ܻ 
һüë۹һǴԶе飬ǰ˵εĻȴʲǸ˶٣һ£Ǹθܺã 
ڻȻص͵Цû˵ 
ιԶΣݺݹסǵô£ 
ֹסЦ˵ʮʶˣȻǸܺõĺֵܡԶ˵ôŮһ 
ҰתӦѾԶݺѹ棬Զı鿴ȥŭģȴ͸а񣺡˵ŮˣŮܶ𣿡 
˵ǰ˱ŹȥʱͦġĦġ 
ûãһɴϮƷһߣֻǯϣԱߣǳΣ컹£ˡ㡭һôô񣿡 
ԶΣΪ㣿 

˴г

ԶػƵʾԼǿĳԲ֪ʲôʱʧ٣ΪԼĴڶ׾ͻ˷ף¶һ΢Ц 
Զյһ۾˻ޱȣôЦ 
ɿִӴŻھţԽӴߵղԡҵĲԼֺ壬ȻַȽϸɾһǣָϸϸɾ 
һֱζЦݡ 
˵˱ôЦԶòòԡԼոշйġϣ´һ󲽳˷䣬ܿԡſص 
ڴϣһֱԶǱıӰʧջĿ⣬ЦȴһֱƲס 
ûôĹû뵽һ˵ʱӿôûоʲôôֿɰ 
ڴûйİĺůĸоУȻչ֫塣̺Զζģл谵ĵƹⶼľ⣬ȻԼҪ˯ţ˯⻹ǽӿϡ 
ģģУȥһ飬һϣ˯΢΢һЦջ󣺡벻 
롣ָһߵġϡ 
͵۾ͬʱֱۻӳȴסһǿѹصѹס 
Ҫʱ͸źļʣ۾ķָҪ䡣 
۾ʶʱʮ꣬ûм۾Ŀ񱩺ͷŭֱҪ˺ѡ 






 51 


ԶûзӦʱм֮ 
ԡˮȻϴɾԡһϴϱߵġһԼϵȻֳһˮ 
ҳһԡϣȻشԡſڵӰѾڵ 
տһĺڰоһֻ֣ضסĲָȺҪƤȻ˼ᡱѹԡԱߵǽϡ 
ԶûʾסѾ̧֣⻬Ķ̵ͣ۾ϣļɭɭĺ⣬ԶΪѾ 
Ŭͷ˫ʶȥǲϵ󣬾Уƺһ˴Ӱ߳Ϣվߡ 
Сǳ죬ͳ䣬˯㰡 
ʱ伸̣Զֱ壬Ȼֹͣеķֱ۴£ȭͷɿ 
ƺȷ˷һ͵͵Ĳм̧̧֡ 
ϵϷˣźĵҲʧԶ΢΢һ½ӲĲӣ֪𽥻صϣע⵽ԡҵĵƹճǰһˮͷʱڵƹ¶һº͵΢Цѹ͵ϸĵز 
ҿͷ򾲼ˣôôСŮ˯һҪǿһ߽Ųһ㣬СѰҪˡ˶٣ЦԳƵϺͰҵҪ̲סʲô¡ 
Զɫ࣬۾г˷ŭġţҧֱսӲȻЩǶһָֻޱ顣 
ʱЦݣһǸץԶӵˡһһǸ϶Զʺ鵫ݵԼſƶ 
ԶŽţһŬ˵ĽŲһ߻Ҫע²ǰʱѾһ亹 
ҧȹڵϣҧʱڴϵҧǰѣҧıȻ԰˲仯ɾŽ䱸ҧڴ˹һְֱ 






 52 


ʱʱ򼸺ǱܵؿʼѹƺǼΪ꣬ʱЩƷ¡ 
ֿļ䣬ȻѾܶûмʱԶֽѵʲôˣڼﻹŸʱԿӡӡֱĥģƽʱʱʱŬѹֲ˵ΪȫĵطͻȻ⵽Ϯ 
ŭʱҲӦڴŤúܼҡץʱӵͷǽϣʱȭҲкϷصⲫֱӺʱºݺݰڴϣһĲӣһߵϥصĺϣⳡ򶷲Ǹһ䡣 
Զŭһ棬ȭͷָ߬׼ݽġ 
ǵġʱ⿪ųŦۣһֻɵĲ˵Ѿͱôëԭôû̾յûУ 
ڴϺһֱСȵʱôʺǿһ㣬㿪ʱ֣һߵش𣺡ˣү 
ʱһ˵Ǿͺúø˵ 
˵ӵƣץͷǿ̧ͷŹűߵԶ 
һ˲䣬˵۾ﶼ¶ͬʹࡣ 
ү룬벻ҪΪҵѡʹǻѹţȥܳ 
벻𣿡ʱݵطŵΪңҪ˳ɵԭ򣿡 
ûбҪ󣬡˱۾ү 
ּ˳Ǳѡʱץͷʹصһ˱˵·ӣҪɰųȥôҰ·ӣڰţҲãҿԷ㣬սĶ䣬㲻ҪΪɾʱ࣬ҴӦɣûӦ뿪ߣ 
üͷ壬ǲ֮⣬ֱоʱָϣһ·ż׵£ᶨ̽ڿʱ򣬿ʼ 
Ҳĵģү㷢ģһһ߻ͷ˵ǰ˵ҪҸԸ˵ 
Ըʱͣ˶һһظһ飬һЦѵûãһһŮˣôСһֵֻǰס°ͣٴԶԣȥ˸ԸȥˡϥʹȻ˶˵ʲôԸǸﲻث֡Ҿ㣬Ҳҳʰ 
ʹشϢſԶԶҲֱֱؿĿȫҲޱȣǸΡͳ衣ֱӶԷĿ쳣ʹ飬˭Ҳûӱܣ׵ʵͲɹξ룬ʹڱ˴Ѱο塣






 53 

ʹʱӱ䣬۾߬°͵ֻƸ۾ϣ᣺㵽׻ǹĺݣΪ˰ɲܵܡ֤㿴ÿ˶һ㿴ϵСҲһԶһۣǶ񶾵ĹâֻҪ˵ʲôҾʹӴ˷ſ㡣Ҫٲ 
۾סʧȥҰʹУʱ˵ƶһתϾ뵽أһүαΪã 
ʱ΢΢һЦ½ֺαΪأ̧۾ָһ˵н첻ףΪܵܺͺ߻ͷ·˵㲻ͬ˭Ҳ㣬Ϊ˰ʡҿʵĵ̣½ܿҪӹˡ̾Ϣһ˭Ҳʱ磬ҿΪô࣬˭һ㣬㿴ϵ𣿡 
һϿʼⲻһү 
˵ˡʱֺݺѹסļΣȴޱȣ㲻Ҫҡ 
ûֿ˵ʹ۾Ҳ·𿴵ʱһһ΢Ц΢ЦļԶͷ޴ѪȳϵһǷԵز˰ĳɷ֡ 
ү 
˵ˣʱษ̾Ϣߺ㡣 
о۾ϵͻȻҰȫʧΪһƬڣʱĵѡȨĲ㣬ҲңǰŵˡֻҪģã۾㡣һ£࣬˭ 
ڷһƬžֻڴϵĳ죬ÿ˵߶ͶԶ촽Զ촽԰ײͬʱֽرţͫɫڣȼž 
ҪȻ𣬵ͳ侲ᶨԶҲ㣬ʲôҪ 
ʱݺҧλãΪкѸٳĬȻȴѹסʱѹȥΪ˦ϵʱ࣬Ťɷǳơ 
ʱ̧ܿͷʺѪɫԶһЦ촽Ȼ̾ؿһѹƣһֻѾ˫֮䡣 
øңȫļ⣬ļǱĺˮγԱȵʱĴݲȣܰעÿһϸ΢βƬ̣ܿ̽η졣 
ŭܵĵزԶҧʱȥȴһڱϣ⧲ĳԶײ棬֧壬ְڵϵ˲䣬һֻ̤ 
ʹԶǰڣȴںֻסһķƶ 
һףûаУûģšԶŹǶǿ·һ̵Ӱ 
ܿ죬ĿѾʱ༸ѹסĵز͵һòѹϣʱջ˽ܴ̽סĲӣͬʱ۾ϵƼӴȡ 
ΪʲôϢߣ̲ס㲻ǶԸү㣬ȻүͰ㡣̧ͷؿݵԶ 
ʱ·ڿϷһͣˡĶֻԼ·𱻶ᣬǰһƬŨڣʱƵѹŨгϸСĹ㡣֮⣬ֻʣһƬ 
Ϥ 
 
ֹһζ˻ȭҲֹһγܱ˵ȭšȭͷݻ߹ײ׷ֱĶʲôͬûⱾһ˼尾ʱ̡ 
ƵĻײϺǽϵһƬ䣬ܱɻ棬Ѫ˺ĥһвӦ÷ԶϣӦǷ۱ʡ鱾ͷʹֿɰĺǡʹ࣬ʣϡ 
Ȼʱơº͡Ц⡣ 
ѡ㡣 






 54 


ʱѹԼ±زֱƸеһƬʪ⣬¶һı飬캬סĶ䣬ֻң۷ʲôҲ㡣 
ʱϣûͼ㿪ֻغЩֹͣȻ˵ܵͣҲƽȣҪ𣿡 
ʱ෢ͳЦ˵㣬ģҰɱʲôã 
ޱؼ˵ĻѵͻŹ 
ʱôӵʱû˵Ȼᡣ 
סԼ۾Ҫÿ 
ʱһʲô 
˵޶Ҫݣ֪ĥ˲Ϊȡ֡սԴ޷ȻҪ֣ܲ 
ʱĬˣȥ㲻ϣ 
ʱජһɿ֣һְͣɡ 
۾ֱϣһӦŹһʱվ£Զ˺۵صڵϣ׾ķбڵϵһֱֻѾˡ 
߹ȥߣŷԶѾˣˣһѪһֻ۾Ҳ 
ʹ־ģ£ԶȻҷκΪʹССڵشҰͻȻһ¶΢Ц 
ûж΢ЦκλӦ̽Զظͱÿͷһ飬̾˿·ʲôشһ̧ۿʱࣺүܾܲôˣ 
ʱһֱڴϿ·ϵ⣬˵Ҹɡ 
˵öԣң飬ʱ۾ҲٺˡֻǲŮѣҲҵܵܺҡ 
ʱЦһһΪͷŹ 
̹ȻһЦѵΪңͷ˿Զ˵ļңȻҶ˵˲ٺ棬㻹ʲôҪɣ 
ΪҲ㡣ʱ¶һ̵Цݡ 
ڵϿҧҧߵ߹£Ȼ̧ͷ̬ȻݣϴѧҶûгû뿪ȳ߷ң޶ңҴûһ˿һĶҡϵˣǰڻ㳷˵ʱ򱻴õġֻôôңûпô𣿺úһ룬үұá 
ʱһºΪԾһձ÷ǳءʱıȴѽ֪ʲôʱáƺڸղֱðϣһȥȡ 
ãʱָǵ̣ûж㿪ٴ˳ӵ 
ʱüͷվߵڵϵԶߣӸµظ˽ҡϧ˵ʲôûãСҾû취 
̧źݺݵԶĿ̤ȥʯ䣬ѾԶһߣʱһ̤գľذ巢޴ 
ȥСûʱ˾ʹ 
վסͬն 
е޴վԭأʱ߹ȥ°ͣ㵽ס 
үұʡұ󡭡ڵϣԶԼ˳ʱͷôģ 
ʱһ 
۾㵱˵Сܰ¥˶ô˵Լô˵ǰڵôΪ˵ѣǲǿҪԼ¥ģ 
ʱഥһſ°͵֣Ĭ˺ܾãʣСȥҽԺʲôʱ֪ģ 
ǰ 
ʱе𾪵ؿһЦʱڹ⣬޶ֺǶòɿһ֮үôң 
ʱվԭأ۾ƵƻڴһʣΪʲôûߣ 
Ƿҵġᶨءһһ˵֪ʲô鶼м롣Ҵڵ£ɵļ̫ߡҳ£ΪɣΪ㣬һһǷҵծһܹ˳룬ͿԹûк֮ǵ뿪㡣 
ʱı鼸ԳƵǾ㵣ü۲֪ҪӦŵһЦ̡֪ԭڰôƴһ죬Щһһ˦ǰʱ࣬Ϊġʱ࣬Ϊ㵲ʱΪѪȻ˵ʱ࣬Ƿ 
ǡ۾һգգ 
ʱɫɷףȻһûдЦӣǿЦɣ棡Ϊʱһôش㣿һ˵ãȻǾǷɡˡΪһô˵ 
ǡᶨô˵ġ 
ʱ࿴΢΢һЦҵ֪ŴĶģ 
ΪȳӺ޶һˣŹңı˵һ֪ĶۣʮŹҡ 
ع鰲ϡϡУʱ༸ܿ۾ԼϣּڷŶ 
˺þŷ֣һ˲ȥޱȵƣҲʧȥӦеѹȸУھͰѵʲôЩ뻻ʲô 
ͷỷסԶļͳһ 





 55 


˵仰û̧ͷֻǵͷԶĽǶȿȥܿԶһֻ׵۾ΪҧԵǣ촽ϵѪʵǱȴԵùִ 
ԶȣԼȵȲˡߵ˵Ĵ绯¿ʼȶԸкȡů 
ԼѹֲסĵĿ˷Ϊܹһλ䣬ȴԶ֮֡ 
ʹ뺦뱻ԥֿԶĹƣڰеһ߹âǣԶĳֱԼᶨ˽Լô̰ϵů 
һӰֹʱǰס°ͣߴԶĲ 
ȫ˺䣿ʱ˸ƽȵþ֪𰸡 
䡣ֱĿ⣬һƽȡ 
ǣǷˡʱһЦ۾ûЦ⡣ 
Բɪһ£֪ 
ڵ£ʱظ˵Ļ 
ô벻Ҫ 
ʱ࿴һ㲻ϲͲҪˡҲ·ҪҷɣߣΪҵԸҰֶء֪뵽ʲô΢΢һЦҲǺ£˰ɣ߰ɡ 
΢΢ü۾֪ʲô 
ʱ࿴ԶһۣҪҿԲƽ͵᲻£żԺҪסĴָḧĴǣְ׵ﲻǣȻ˴˵󡭡ĭڽܲʱ˵صһԣȻǰһǣ˱ˣҾһӰɡ 
΢㿪Ķ 
ʱһЦû䣬ȴˣⶼûУ 
ҿҪ֤İȫ 
ֻܱ֤ʱЩСӳ£һûϵ 
۾ʣô֤ 
ʱ۾ƺһ籩Ƭ̲ѹŭ΢΢һЦҳҵ֤ݣҾͷһ𡣡Цᣬ۾ȴȫ˵˵ݵˡ 
һ̧ͷסĥ£ǳ⡣ 
ʱ࿴ȥû˸˶٣վƽ˵112СȥҽԺȻ紩·һ 
ĬʱߺСĵذԶƽڴϣŰ绰ȥԡһԼ·룬ȥصķһ£ȷ˯óֵԶģֽϡ 
ѡʱǰԭ£ĬԵǺ֪ʱޱԣдߴ֮⡣ 
ֻصԶҿһۣȻʼڴͷĳ淭ңĳ￴ǮУɸɾһϡǮд򿪣ŽͨĽͼԶһͬͬŵһŬػ 
ٿ˱۾ǮСߵǰֿ˿Զȥһ£Ȼڣ˵ԵԶ˵Լ 
㲻ٵˡ 





 56 


ͣ¥£˾¥ſڣͳɡҲûɡȴֻԼðȥĳ 
úܣȴֻ䡣ʱں࣬ɫɭؿŴ⣬֮ҲûжǳһͰߵҪ· 
һ£֪ѾǱҪĴۣǵĿ⣬ʱࡣ 
ʱļժ۾ӵǰţס 
ֻǹ˲佩һ£Ȼ󰲾سţʱһͰŵںϡ 
խĿռֱŤƼʵںܣųעϣŬʱϿҧݣǰ֣һֻ֡ŵرս۾ֻظһ·£ƤĦ̽β 
۾͵صⶼӲˡ 
ʱȴǰ̧ͷĹâĴһʣôѵˣ 
תػش𣺡ûС 
ʱһߴһʣΪʱʡ벻ʲô˼ 
Կصһ£ܿͱף۾˵ǡ 
Ƭ̣оʱһ£ʹָ뿪 
ɻһ۾ʱڴߣ֪ʲôʱ۾Īؿ 
ʱ΢΢һЦ· 
һ£ʣү 
ʱ࿴ȥúܺãЦһûôɫûʲôûУ˾Ͳˡ 
ʱ˿Լ· 
ʱѾչߵУѾ˳ɣٽҡүˣڿʼҡʱ࡯ 
ӲţûнӲ硣 
ʱߴһ 
죬վв 
ʱ࿴ӣεǽȫҲԣʱ 
ѵؿڵʱү 
ʱЦһ£ɰ 
Ĭӣɫ֣ص˵Զү 
ʱЦϣüȻͷһҧ̧ͷѾɫ 
֪ʲôҲԺͲҪ˵ 
ǣүشȻת˵ 
ʱ㬵ؿαϣԸȥʰ¶Ѱɵ齻׷ҪǲϲסҽǴʲôҪĶ˵á 
Ȼûлعͷֻǵػش𣺡ǡ 
ʱһûа취Ϳʼе㷢ݣҪʱ׼òҪ̫ 
عͷǳӣȻƿĿ⣬˵һڣвУ 

صԼסվſĿʱĳԶȥ 
Ȼ߽Уüûлһɻҳζӿ˼ȴӣƾˮȻʼطʰ 
¹ǺͷϵУкöûϣִ򿪵¹۵ľǺԶһȥļп 
¹񣬵һ֧̣﷢˰߻ؿ 
ŴϾЩ䣬תͷһۣʣƵ·ºӰ 
ֿһۣߵǰ·ĺڰ˹֡ 
ûжüͷֹ˹֣ƸӼᶨ 
ڰгһӰϸܵ˿һ·ܹǰվǸɫеεˣ硣 
һֵ˼ûУһ̣ƽȵʣ˭ 
ûˣֻҡ 
˵ȥ۾ԥµнģʶһߡ 
һɡ 
磬үΪǡ 
û˵ڴߵ˵̻ңȻ̧ͷһ˰ɣ 
ûСеף۰Ͱ͵ؿˣ˸Сʱһ࣬ǵһࡣ 
ûУ 
ûСүûãҲҡ 
˵ͷ˵Զ㡣 
Ŷһԥԥתת磬ôҵģ 
ӷ⡣ 
˵ͷ˿Լ£̧ͷЦ˵˵תܻ·棬εûз¶ںڰ·̨˸ط¡ 
˰üȻ̵ٵ⣬ת߻ؿ 
Ȼ޷ģǲͨžĵ绰 
绰˺þò˽ӣھưһĵط 
Ҫ£žŮʿһ仰˵ȥͥĳЩԱһҿɸҪһ˧~ 
˵⡣ 
˹ͻͻҰͣ 
ڸɲɣ 
ڲҪ浽ϡž귢ջΧ˷ҵЦ 
ҲԣԽԽá 
󲻴󣿡 
ЦЦϴһ 
Ҫ󣬻Ҫ־òŶ 
ϿͻûŻ𣿡 
־ҪһξſſָһֱӲŵһ 
Ŷͷϴε˰ɣ 
Ŷ˵Ҿʪˡﰡ 
Զסַ˵ﻹиãӦñ͵ҽԺȥˣȻѡҽԺ 
漦ţ̣˧ 
ܱͺˣҪ¶桪 
绰һƬңžĵ绰˭ȥˣһİŮʣ˭绰ôİSally 
Ҹղ˵ƤͰӪȤǸԼžϳĻشȻǸͨ绰ʲôµĿʽû 
Ľ䱸飬һ£һǰĴŵջſڿӣʽ©ʽ 
洫İŮ˵Цһ䡰SallyûŶƬ̺ž첻ȥܵ˧硣 
绰ˡ 
Ƕǻɣǲɱ콭ģûа취ɡֵһ֧̣Ըзһ紵ʶ̧ۣ˿ǰƮϸĴȻĳ̶ֳϱа̲סЦЦ 
ڹĿվ˺ܾãֱŵѾҪյͷ̻Tϡ 
ĵ̻ңӵ̵٣վһֵһ֧̣ȻͳԶûǮУŽͨĽͼϣͼƬݣǿ˰졣 
̾˿ֻʼš 
 





 57 


ԶμԼ׷ʲôܹİĵװĶѨܹŽε۾ĺܹһһ˴ƵĻãʲô̶ϵӣһֻһֻɫֱ۳ǰ·ϣܴӲֹͣ 
šͣһͣǰӰԽԽԶ 
͵۾Զ˺ܾòŻع 
۵þӵˮԶҶͷ۲ڵĵط 
ޱȣԿ൱߼Ĳ˶˿ұϵʯ࣬Һƿӣֿ˿ڴߵɳſ˯ŵá 
ֻڲߵϣùֱӲĺ롣 
֮ͨ˵绰ƽˣ 
ѡһڲŷѣ˻ô 
û¡˶٣Բˡ 
ԶвԤУ 
ԶƽǲҪټˡ 
Զʧɫô£ 
˵ǽеľȻҽҩ㲻õģú˶˵ԺҲҪٴ绰ˡ 
һȡԶ˻Ҫżô£ 
˶٣ˡ 
Զļ٣ûǲǣǲǸ˽ף 
ûлش⣬ʶҾͲˣһαһءҪΪû𣿡㲻£ҲΪѡ 
Զͷֱ׵ʹŵʵǲ˵׸ 
Ĭ˺ܾãش𣺡Ȼ֪İɡ 
ҡ 
ԶʶһΪѡ 
Ҷ˵绰Զһ仰̵ߣ˺һزȥҲˡ 
֪ǸڸԼȫһ磬ǸпźİӰѧУİܷԩӵ˼ҹĲб͵ϮиصĲûбֵĶ˵̫޷Ԧǰһƫƫȴеһˡ 
Ľ͸뵽ûа취ǸСΪԼȴǸҲ˸ۡ 
ӥ޴ٰƾʲô
Զֹͣ˲ز绰ΪŰضֻĻֻ֣һʹϮɫһ亹 
硣صСط 
Զ̧ͷ˭ҹģ 
Ҳ֪ҿֽػŻŵشһֽһ˺þá 
Զһֻùֽڱչƽ 
һο֣Ȼǳϵظվǩ֮⣬ֻֽľ仰 
ģԶҽԺ 
ѧУ١ 
õˡ 
ࡣ 
ԶɫӵضֽһȻЦЦֺܿʧתһƬʹĲ԰ס 
硭е㵣ĵؿʲô£ΪǸҵı̬𣿸磬ҵĴ 
Զӣ̾˿ͷʲôϴģˣѵǸ̬ǶԵģ 
һοѹ涵˹ײԶؿһ۵ͬʱҺļӣҩƿҵͷϣæȥʰʱҺͷֿʼѪ 
ǻʿϹŽһŻңѵһپ߿ˣŵԶֱޣһߵûã㲻Ҫ 
Զ밲οûáֱ齩һ£ÿһԵеˡ 
Ĩ˵Բû뵽緹ûгԣڶˡԲ𡭡 
Զ̾˵ԲʲôãȥҽԺʳðҴ㷹ɡ 
صͷߣԶʣûдǮ 
ˡطǮ 
ȥ뻤ʿ· 
ضһųȥˡ 
ԶʹؿڴͷŶǽϵӱʼķʮʱŽˡ 
ϢͨԶ˻ɤӣ˵ 
֪Ҫ˺Ĵߡ 
Ȼͨ˭ĲԶ̾˿Ҳ¿д˰æֻû뵽㡣 
΢΢һЦû˵ 
Զһۣ룬Ȼʵ񣿡 
ʲô 
㲻˵ҼȲҰֲ֣裿񣿡ԶһЦ첻ȥ 






 58 


ûбΣҲûбָĲã΢΢һЦӵǺ񣬿ô׾ͱŵǵꡰ˫ɱŮ 
Զɫѿһ۵˼ҲǺɡ 
۾ƣؿڴͷٲĬһʦǸӡĲԸǸڵһϵ˶٣ʣѵ˵㲻û䣬㸸ĸ· 
ԶüͷģⱲӸʲôҲɺڵĲ˵µľǲ֪ʲôʱᱻΪ˵ֵܳҸĸĽѵһξ͹ˡ 
϶֮⣬ЦʣȻΪʲôκϹϵǿɲʲô񡣡 
Զ˹ǣ۾ؿһһʲôϵ 
˹Ŀ㣬ӦʱȻ˫ۣӳ⣬Ȼ֮ 
ɫ΢΢һ䣬񲻸ֱһתۣȻվͷԶҺĸĸôй֮꣬ҺαذѹϵŪôأҲǹ㣬ϣְȨΧھԸҲķ֮£֮ǰɲвҵġ 
в㣬ĵңԶһЦǹңǹЩţ 
ҲЦѵ㵹ףô˵ɣҵȻ㣬ǼƱܣҲòҵġ 
Զ֪αԲںڰ׵ϻô꣬ԼΪһʧвǰꪳɳʵǲԸٸ򽻵ĵòʧȻԼת˸߼Լʻ֪«ʲôҩһ⿴˿˵Ҫˣ㻹ǿ߰ɣȻıֱ̬ĵͲˡ 
߹£ȻЦ˵㲻õģûҵӡο˶٣ȥתעˣ㹻ʱú̸һ̸ 
Զüͷҡ 
ģҲҡһЦҵֲȫ׺ľ죬żҲкͰ׵Ů 
Զ˿˵Ҫ̸ʲô 
ܶࡣ°ͣұΪǱͥĺסˣϧвڿûô򵥡Զֻüһ߹۲һ˵ҵõϢ˴ǮͶı㡣 
ԶȻʧɫתͷһû˵㣬Ϣͨ 
Цһ£֪㱻ͽҽԺ˲һ£򼱾ȵ绰Ǹ룬ʱĸġһЦݣҾе㲻̫ˣʱİɹϵҲ̫˰ɣȺξ˻ʱ˰ĵ绰óϣ⿴ȥǹһ 
Զƺе㾪־ÿЦؿһۣЦЦ˵Ҳ׵һ㣬Ϊ͵ǶڣȻŰҪ㡣뵽ɡסԶ㲻Ϊ˺ζΪȺΣΣܸò¶˰ɡ 
Զؿû˵ 
ͨһ㣬ľͺýˡΪѲʮóһĹϵáһԶʯֱۣ˳¾ʱදְɣôǵˣζһЦѼӱˣ 
ԶؿûϵʲôĿľ˵ɡ 
һ£벻õ 
Զ΢΢һ 
֮еһЦҿ԰㡣 
ԶʣҪʲô 
һЦα˼أҳİ㣬ֻҪģҪϵһ£Ұ͵㴲ԶüϸĿڣ͵ߡ 
ԶҵĹؼӣϵ 
λû˵˸ؿƺԼʲô 
Զףʣʲô˼ 
΢΢̾Ϊáƺԥһ£˵ʱİһֱкܴ⣬޶ˣûˣڲͻᱩ¶Ȼӹˣȴ϶þȥ˵Ҫá̧ۿŴãҿǿҪˡ 
Զıúʲôɫ 
˿һЦʲôɫ㲻ֻ֪Ҫ֪Ҫ˵̫̫⣬һ콭Ҳûлĸɾ˻ǶԶһ㣬ʡóΪ׸ 
Զɫ԰һ£Цһҿˡ㲻ҳΪ׸ҳΪıǲʲô飿Щɣ 
ȻЦԶϾ˵ĶӣеʱľɫȷʵΪãεҵúܣȥֻңδܵõҪĽĵȴҵܱ֤ 
Զɫףʲôôأ㲻Ҫ˵ػȻ˵˾˵ȻȻ 
ȻôЦؿȻȥҲΪãҲƲϵ㲻Ʋ壬ôһĨڵȥ𣿡ŻԶļ򣬡ˣҾƾǼŹı֤ܸ˰ɣ 
Զû˵ϴθ˺³Ŀǰȷʵ޷Σﲻһ⣬ΪʲôôҸϵ
Լú룬Ҳ١Це⣬ȷʵΪ㿼ǣȻôۏˮ°֮󣬸ȥǡſڴ춯һˡ 
صش治˼·Ҫҹ 
ŮشʲôҺܿİ 
һУͬһƮݵŮˣƿߣһ£ףпˣ 
ͬ¡ЦеؿҪˡ 
һɡţ˵ͷײغߵŮ˽һɫȻᶨ뿪ˡ 
صߺ󣬲һ߰ѷеݸԶһЦ˵磬һŶ 
źɫ۾һŮѾĬŴԶ죬ʱͿɷɫָ͵Ĺ⡣ 
ãžꡣ 





 59 

Զ֪£ǣڳֻø̧֣ͷʱŮ˵ıĬŹ֣ɶ࿴һۡ 
žֵ֮΢Ц򵥺Ѽ䣬ȻҲ˵ǡؾҲһ˿Ϊӣ֪žǷ˵ 
ԶΪ֪أڷģз͸ȥϰࡣ 
Ȼ£ʾҪ磬ܲסԶߴ٣ֻøͬ´绰˼ӡ 
žĬؿس˲ţֿŲ鷿Ļʿһ飬ʿ˲ߣ˿Լ˵Զֻһһӵš 
Զ֪˾ᵽ£ڳֹҲԼԷԼϵɵִԸ⿴һۡ 
Զžȴ΢΢Ц鲻֮ǰͣһӲʣһֱʶ㡣 
ԶƳһۣеΪʲôŹˡ̸ֻķͶȤıʵڲһӦеġ 
ȻֳĬΣŮ£Ȼл˵ƫϲӲ硣 
žΪĳĬЦЦһԶֻԼµСؿαϣżɽ˵ĹǣȻˣҾͱһҵݰɡ°˼״ڳ񣬽ӵĵ绰Զ̧ۿž΢΢һЦұİȫһ㣬ǳһϾϵ塣ҵݣԶ˵һ߱㣬һ߼㡣 
Զ΢΢üԭҵĶڡ˶٣̵ҿӰıڶְҵ£Ϊء 
žһЦ̹ȻǰһʱԼְҵɱ׷ɱ촦⴦ƼңǴұֺܺãӮΡԺдҪҲҵңαҲҵҡҪ˲㣬˵ǻԼѺúĿ΢΢һЦʵˣ˵ԼʿһֱΪɱ֣벻ؾ 
Զһۣʣʲôģ 
ž̧ۿ 
˵ҵıڣ㲻ϵġԶǿʲôģ 
ž겻˵ֻǴԶе㷢ëˣ˹˵ΪݵĶӣӡ 
Զʣʲôϵ 
žİʲôϵԶ֣ҴСԭžû˵𣿡 
Զһ߿һüͷڴӾԶĹѰʲôҡҡͷԲ𣬺ڵϵ飬ҸĸӲڼ˵Ȼǵżǵȷûм֡ 
žޱصͷ֪ʲôһ˵Ƕ統ףͨһ飬֪֪ 
ԶӺ˵㡪 
žһЦүүΪүү£˶ʮΣûþȥˣҸΪ㸸£ˣڱ˵ȥû뵽㾹Ȼ֪ 
Զֱ壬Ĭؿž꣬һʣأ 
žǱоѣһ΢΢һЦкң˭ 
 
žЦݸһЩŻȻҲΪ׷飬һǺܸмϾҳԱůܽ󻹳Ϊһؾ 
Զϸ۲ϵı飬Բ𡣡 
žλʵЦ˳˼ʲôԲҵģ 
Զû˵ͷţž꿴ǵĶԹ̫ӣ㲻粻㡣֮һ֣͸壬ҲΪҼҵ顣˶٣ôжֻЩ鱨СҲᵽ㸸ĸ㻹áԶһЦž갲ļ򣬼˵ʵܺڣЩﻹ㸸ĸλ 
ЩҲġԶұģǡ 
Һ֪顣ž˵֮󣬸ʵеԶֱ˵֣᲻ͬһ飬˭֪˵һ㣬һֱ棬˾Ϲˡ 
Զҡҡͷ˵ҽЩ£ѵϣԭ 
žһЦֻǴҸˣϣҵĽͣһЦʡ½ңʧȥһϿͻ 
Զؿ˿ʣ֪ôɣ 
֪֪ʲôϵž˵ֻҪҶ㣬Ȳ£ҲϵôҸ˵ʲô⣬С¡ 
ԶĬһ˵ǵڵʲôҸϵܸܲڵ׳ʲô£ 
ܹܲһٻش㣿ž˵仰ͳĬˣߵߣ˿յԺ䣬ȻŻԶЦЦתʵ᲻ҲãĸӰһܲӿ 
ʲôԶãȻؿ 
ž걳վţӰǺƽұһУؾͬǺܺãûκҲ졣û취ȥͺ񣬾ͺʲôһֱң˵ǺڵĺҪӹûа취뷨Ҿ;֣ܲҾˡ̧ߵķ˿ҲǵЩɣ 
ʲô£ 
㸸ĸ¡Сʱûм𣿰ְǼҴҵسţʱһЩֵĿˣ˵صġ顣㸸ĸٺãҲܻᷢһЩɡ΢΢̾ңԽǵԽܾǲҪҲ˵һֱʶ㣬Ȼᵽǲţ˫ɱĶӻʵʵصʦһëûСƨһԪη̺Ͳʽʲôġ 
ǳеݣڽԲ˫ߡԶ΢ЦֻԸɣϲðպʹ̼㸸ĸû̫ϵСʱ򡭡Ҳ飬ȷʵʵʵʦ󲿷ʱҲϲЩëûСƨҾҪ 
ǣ塣ž˫۽棬һеĿ˵ͨʦҪôῴһΣշӣǰɴ磬᲻ỹϲΪʲôܳеĶǺڵĺӣϲֽźͲȷʹԼڵҲᱻڵ 
ΪʲôҳϣԶطǲΪԼҲȷӾɺڵ׶ԲԣԲҵƽ⣿ 
žסһƬ̵ĳĬ 
ҲǡϡԶ˵Ҽֱҵĸĸ޹أǺڵ޹أʲôʲôȷʲôðն޹أž꣬ᶨǰɴ磬ǽʦǹ˾ְԱǾ죬ӷʲôݶνغܶ࣬Щزְҵ 
ž꿴һ߽ǹһЦݣĻҲܸ㡣 
ԶûӦʲô 
ղҪʲô£˵һٻش㡣žͷһشˣҲܸ㡣 
Զüͷ 
㲻ݣ⡣ž΢΢鼫ѹûڵ׼֪ԽԽΪİʯȻϲʦΪʲôҸͬ׵أԶ㸸ĸӰѾȫһˣ̾αˮţ 
Զ̲סʵ죿 
žһ£Ц˵סҸ˵ô㲻ûȥɣųԴˣ 
Զ˵ȥ˰žʣɱ𣿡 
ûС 
أΪ潣Ÿ˶ĲÿһžҡһͷȻԶ˵˼ϳơǡͷԼϵʯ࣬ЩİɶΪֻѪҪ׷ΪҴûжҡ𣿡ŵͣۿ˶֣ҼѸҵѧҩҪ¶Զô룬ҺǡȫһˡŵҲңҲʲô 
žЦһվһȻ˵涯˰˵𣿡 
ϵԶű̧ͷž꣬в¶ڴ˵𣿡 






 60 


԰һǼĴ綼ڳǴ󶼳üеʮء 
ټ˵һ˵ӳɡƽԸºʵĺѾʱڶĽӰˣү½彻ףҪһ̴̣󲿷½ǱҽӵǴ˵絽绹ӷ磬Ҳ컪ǱߴϢ˵һҵϵСٸ½ϵͲˣ˵ӻȥһ֤ǵ˸ɵġüģǱҪ˵£ֱǰԼȥ˼졣½ãĸ½̸ˣǾ͵ʰͷɡ 
ⷬعĬӳ̾Լֵܲ£ǴҲ̬Ҳиװɡ 
ҸɵģǿϽӿڣҲ֪гŻæԼ黹æ 
ҲҡԱߵҲڣ˵ôһ䡣 
Ҳҡ̬Ȼ˵ԭڱǻ죬ôѵֻǣҲпǰĳҶְ 
ҡ򵥵˵ 
ҡ 
Ҳҡ 
ҡֵʱ˵ҿҲδǴĳңҪ飬ֻ⼸֪ҿп½ڶԼɱټ޻Ҳ˵ 
ҷ׷ױ̬֮ӳѯʵؿʱһۡʱָʶӣ죬죬ÿ˶ҳ׵׵ȥ顣ǵСñҷ֡ 
һȦеնʱһ㡣 
һƬĬУĵ绰ȻԵøעĿ 
´ͳֻҪҶϹػԱȴһֻֻ֣ˡ 
Աߵʱ࣬һֻĻʾ磬ֿһۣԽͨ绰ŵߡ 
һӵĺڵﶼű޹˼ɵַ˽Ĭضӡ 
ûա֪ˡ 
ͨʱಢûаֻɨ˴һ˵˵£û¾ȥ֡ 
ҷ׷׳Ĭȥֻʱȵ 
ܵ˵и֤ڱǵļȥʱŻ˵һ֤ľλúʹ롣 
ͷȥԼֻȴʱס֡ 
޹ء 
֪ǲǴʱȻԵЩ̧ͷ۾ɫүҲᱳġ 
ʱජ֣ս˵һҵȵ𣬵ʱֻûʲôˣҵĵ绰ΣյҲմֻ֣ҪڼҾͺãϲϲ 
ͷ˵ðү 
ʱŷſֻ֣ 
ţŷӳɻʱ࣬˶вԥйڽǡ 
ʱţӳǰһү 
ʱֹסķԣͷ߰ɡ 
Ӧһһۣת뿪 

ǰϸͬסķӣʱΪͼʡģһ½˰ķ⣬ȥҲû˷š 
ͣһƬʽľ¥¥ܵͣе¥ͣһƬڣߵסǰŵָʾǰŵԿףŽȥ 
ݵʱˡ 
ֻһһߺֻʣ¼򵥵ļҾߡԶСһϣԱ߷һ֧ȡ 
һϹϷţ߽𣺡ʲôأ 
Զգգ۾˵ͷʹҪôס 
΢̾˿һʲô 
Ͻҵĵ绰ҲȥԶ˵㲻֪жʹ࣬ҽ˵Ҳ̫ܶ󡭡 صļw w w.2 7 t x t .c o m (ȥС˵)ṩÿС˵Ŷ
ƺò䶼û䣬˵һģ 
Զװ֪ž£ش𣺡㻹ϣ˭ 
ٵ˵ȥ 
ҲߡԶᶨ˵ 
㷢ʲô裿üͷ֪֪ˣ 
Զһ΢΢ЦǲǾҿ϶סˣ 
˱۾תȻԶ˵
ȷʵסˡ 
 
Զ̧ͷȱѪɫڵԵԽҰףһҪɢˣȻҲûˣҲЩҵ˺ǴһΪϲҲ顣ƺ뷴ĳ˵ûпڣԶ˵ǿ϶Ҫɱҵģ˭ߵһҾ͵ˣûôǲֻĥң֪ĥ㡣ɱ֮ǰĥ㣬㡣 
΢΢ݡ 
ұסˣԶȴһȣΪԼΪ㡣 
ü˵òš˶٣˵ԶΪһôģϵֶΣͬҲùԶ˫֣˫ȭͷ֪Ϲ˵Ĺͷֻţһ߳𵴡Զһɱ˵ġӲҧгݵ˵ɱˡ 
ԶɫЩ𾪵ؿ鸴ӵص˵֪£ûɵóס߽Զȣһ˵Щ飬͵ͼʣһѡԺǾˮ 
Զûֻ׽סѣԶʹ˻˻ֻţʣ㵽ס 
Զ۾ʡ 
ʲô 
ɱˣΪʲôɱǣ 
Զִܹüɱɱˣʲô壿 
Զ۾һ˲֮кܶʹı鿴ȥìΪѣ΢΢̾Ȼ£ߣ 
ԶؿȻ˵һߡ 
ס 
ĿġԶ䣬Ҫһߡ 






 61 


һʱ˵Զһһܲеڴһת˵˵ʲôһߣղŲǻں£ 
ѵ㲻£ԶָǵСܵүүѾ鶼ɱĲج𣿡 
ıûб仯˲佩ӲþԶֶƺһ¡ 
ߡԶüУҲЩ飬һȥһСطСسǣСӣ 
͵̾˿ͷϵ˴ԶһͷʣûУԶҪΪȫˣô죿ﻹһʲôСӣ 
ϸߣԶͷչ˺á 
һüͷʲô 
ԶɫҰףһ˫۾Եø䣬ƹ¾Ǻɫıʯ 
ߵ·һ˺һүүû˵ĻȷʵǷĶ硣ɫıʯӳӰԶڣ˱ͷϣҲȥܾˡ 
ıɻԥһ£ûбסֻ֣ԶĶͷȥ¡ 
Զ߱ס˲ͷȴûб仯ϴָֺԼıգ档ȵı飬Ŭ΢Цҵĸ׺Ϊ˫ɱǡ켩ʱ˳ǵ˾ڵĹ 
Ĭط֣ԶȥҸĸӺʶϵҲܡ˶٣˵ֻҪϸߣչأչġ 
ֲײطŶؿԶ۾˵㾹ȻôϲҡԶһ֪뵽ʲôüͷɵַֻͷԲЩ±Ҫȥҡ 
ΪΪʲôҪߣԶﺬ޷Уȥʲô£Щ¡Ƕ˵Ҫ£Ŀᵽ㡭ÿ˶֪ҪʲôұڹһΪ˿ڵʹǶΪҲںݣںʲô£ںǲɱˣںôŬؿƺԼģںΪ֪ԼҲںϲڵϲɱˣ˵ǶԵģ͸һߣЩΣյ飬ֵøõ 
Ŀתؿ 
ԶеغţһߣȥȫһӣϲСӣϷǱ 
ʧĴϣԶб壬һֻգͷ΢΢˫֮ġ 
Զҵˣ´ŵģʹؼӴȣ˱Ĵꡣ 
΢΢˿Сϵ⣬һһ촽ĲֺǵˣԶ͵ϸСͼø 
˿ĶͷԶĶͷǼԶıǼ⣬˵ȵϢοԶ촽ᣬ˵Բ𡣡 
Զһ£촽ƣĶͷظԲ𡣡ȻûԶļ֣ᵫȴᶨأһһԼָȻתš 
Զżغ 
Ųһ㶼ûͣ 
صԶǿ̵ĺʹ 
վվת 
ԶƺܱŤڵ£۵öͷһϸһŽȷֱһ̧ۿȻһЦõֻһԼĳ 
ƹԶֱҲ̶áŹγɵ˺ױ鲼µƤѪƬƬطֲϣ߹ǴϣԵвƤȾϵѪɫ 
ģ֪ж档ҾҵСȹǶҪλˣȵ˵ҽ˵һ²µأΪֻҪŹȾû⣬;۵¡˵ҵ߹һкܶദˣ·ʱ򣬾߹ǺڶϾʹ̴ҵһôۡ 
𾪵ؿһ߻æֻһ߳׹ߣ𶯣ҽоȻ 
Զָסĵ绰˵ҾԼߵҽԺſڵģǲŻЭ¥ҽԱҩƷֻҪӦߣǾͶܰȫӦң͵Ϊң 
ֱĿ⣬ס۾߲˵Զ 
Զһ㶣Ϊ仰ɫӵ΢΢Ŷһʱޱȣôף֪浽ֵزҸᡭһ˭ῼôѵҹһӣ룬ҹȥôһʹҪôڰҪôڼ˵ս֣׼ˡ̾˵ֵøõǸ㣬Ұɡ 
ȻſԶһҲûлͷؿųȥԶĺ 
ԶʹеʹȲĿڴ˺ѸôǱһѶĵ࣬Զֻô 
ɵڵϣֱλεĵƹ⣬ȴ¥Щǿܻŵܣϵˣе˿ڣĴҲ޷ϡ 
Щ޷ѵĹȥʲôԤԼҾܾõΪʲôѵʵϲˣԼ̫Զŵƿ״չĤ·Ź״Ȼ÷ǳ֣ΪʲôֱŹʱ򷴶ǰڡ 
Ȼž˵Ļ޷ѸĸӰ 
ĸײɽڣ׵ǰĲĸ׵ķβšܾκξǹһͼˣɫݵصȴԼβѪȴԼϢһֱɷ򣬾ԶһܴʱɷĿȫǡʮӺҲȥˣһֻɷģһֻ߬ǹֶֻڸ޷ 
ⲻýĸӰŴԣԶģģ룬һͶ밮ͻ᲻һУô䰮ˣʹһͬȥҲ֡ 
ҵ֣ҵ֡ŹԴԶ۽Ƿɬ仰ھʹԡ 





 62 


¥صû̷棬ֻڳš 
սǴһĳˣ̧ŵܴҴҽ¥һ̧˳ذ̧֮ܿ쿪ˡ 
壬óֻ绰 
磿ܽ 
һ 
Բ𣬸硣ǸǸ⣬Ǻͺû 
Ժô¡ 
ףǲ̸𣿱ˣֲᷴԡЦ˵˲صĸ磬ԺϼףǺܺã 
ûжٸܵ˽ľ飬ĬƬ̣Ż˵ºܸӣ㲻Ҫٹˡ 
ôʲô˵ֻ֪ԹиζԹ̾˵֪ˣҲٹˡ 
ϵ绰üͷȼһ֧̣ٸž绰ʱͱӲͳ 
ˣʣ˵ʵԼϰ壿 
žĬһ£ƽ˵ξܾԶҲлˡ 
֪شȻҶϵ绰 
Ȼֲ֪ûڵײᣬ߹ڰ̤˼ʬǵˣ°ԵᣬҪģŶûС 
ֻԶˣŻɡ 
ֻԼĳ룬Ȼȷʵջܴĳ롭Զרעı飬úѣ³أӳɢ˳ڵ 
Ҳã̾һԶͲ˻ˮڳӦҲ̫ 
еʹĴǹһǳЦݡ 

ݷǳΡ 
֮ǰžȺΣѾʧȥ˶һֵ̣Ҳ˿һ 
ʱԶҵֱͷ˳ɣȻһڵ׼ʱ䣬Ȼظӳ˽ 
ޱ޽ֻʣ¼Ӽǰ͸Լľ£ͬʱҲǳסʱĽȥƽʱֻߣһˡ 
ӳɺ̵Ľ紦ӳԼ֪ڴʲô飬ܼɻǽʱߵıڰȻҲӳһҲǸˣͬʱˡ 
ãԼʧȥʱΡ 
죬ؼʱɫѰǰѾĸڵ 
⼸վӰ䲻ǰϳʱĸڣºС¡ 
硣ֽжµıǰһүл˵ 
ûд绰ñˣ̬Ѿˣ΢΢üóֻʱࣺү 
ˣʱº͡ 
ˡ 
ǿɡ 
ҡ 
㲻ÿˣʱģ˵˻ȥ 
õģү绰治ɫضԶ˵߰ɡ 
¿һСڸʻλţʣ˼мںϡ 
˶֪һ˲ͬѰ˭Ҳû˵ĬһֱֵĿĵأͣӳɵһɲֿϡ 
磬롣ߵ³Ϊųţ³ĸ˷ֱվߵĸһ·ֿš 
ſڵӰѾڵȣͽصƿһ϶ԼĹ 
ĸǰؽȥ谵ĲֿмһݣΧĵʹâ޵һֿռ䡣 
ʱڹӰĵطԱվӳɡ 
ߵʱ಻Զĵطվסĸ˾ıһȻվķ 
үޱشк 
˵һ飬ʱͬޱؿ޹ء 
үҲᱳġʱࡣ 
󷽵ĶͻȻ֣һϥ䣬зǶԷĸͬʱ֣޷ڣһѹ˫ֺͼʱǰ 
үң̧ͷɫ۾ضʱࡣ 
ʱ౾αϣֱ뻳ɵľ㣬ңղȥ 
ȥǶ 
˴ӿڴֻݸʱ࣬ʱõ﷭һ£㸱ʻϲصһ˭ϵģ 
ʲô۾ 
·ϣѲĳӳͻȻڣСγԺˣҲ֪ɣ 
ؿһۡ 
ӦһµģԼ͵͵ˡ˵ʱ࣬΢΢̾Ĺһ֣ɵҲ֪Ķ 
ҡͷүҲ֪¡ 
ܵܵ£ܸ֪ɣʱ࿴ú̸̸Ȼ½ͬһ׷ӡǺɣ𣿡 
ޱ飬Ҳûлش 
ʱ̾Ϻ·Ķôôǰ׽ˡ˸ǸðСӣ˶ڣ 
Ƥһ˵ү˵ġ 
˵ʱϣαϣѱںڰֱ㷢֣ͷһ𡣡Цһһ룬еʱڣֻش⡣ 
ֻǰȫûб˼ش 
ûб˼ʱЦϺ·ĶϹӶܿôӲôҰ׽ˣ 
үûб˼˵ 
ʱû˵ӳɿһۣӳ̾ϮʱµǸڣ½͹ˣ˵ϳʱɱֵˣһֵܶһ 
üͷ 
ʱ֣һֱȴںڰеӰһ˹ڹȦĵط 
·ȫѪۣ˫ַֺ߲ƵӾȻǵߣһ߰Ų 
ӣԾʣô£ 
ʱһû˵ӳ̾˿ 
ӹһ߿һ£һͰˮͷϡ 
Ǻ۾߲ȵܿģȻ 
硭硭ſǻ˻˵Բ𡭡 
һûüڣڶǹڴ̫ѨϣʱѾվǰǹַǳȶ鲻ϲߺ 
ôͣ 
Ҷ֪ʲô侲ͬƽȶϡ 
Ҹ㣬ʱƽһ㣬ǹ̫ѨƵĿڣˣָʹɱġ 
üͷø 
ʱһֳǹһḧǲǵʮ꣬һεʮ˵Ĵ磬ʲô 
΢ԼүҺ󱳵 
ʱʣʱô˵ģ 
ͣһ²ſڣԵøɬү˵ԼǷҪɽɽһ£ܻ÷һӢۡ 
һ£һ£ʱ΢΢һЦڲһ£ֻԵԲ֡ 
̹Ȼ峺үɱġ˶٣֣صʣ˵ûб㣬ӳݺҡŲţ 
ӳ𾪵һ߽һûü˵ʲôʱѾ΢Ц˵˭ãΪʲôӳɣȫûݺ㡣Ҳš 
ȥǸڰүΪʲô˶˶ţӳûϵܼ򵥾ҳ 
ǹһ˲ƺһ£˭Ҳûϵʱô֣һʱֿ֮һƬ 
ӵĳһ£ѹ˻ûӦ֣ԱŵЩУؿڵѪѸڻ谵ĵƹֻɫԽԽ۾𾪵ضʱࡣ 
ʱ˸Ĺâֹȥ˿ڣе֮һһʧ 
ʱĸ˲֪Ҫ֣ǰڵأһؿѪѸ»һСѪ 






 63 


ʱ˿һͷţӰ 
࣬үӳɷ·ûдлͰ͵ش 
ĽǶȿȥʱıӰƺƣޱȣ̾ǹû뵽 
Ҳû뵽ӳɵȴӲ԰׾һΪƽΣգҲ෽ܽ 
ͻ 
ʱ໹δüӦбĹ״ﶥϡ 
ͬʱ磬ѺĸҲж 
Ҫǹ˱ٶȸͳǹָ 
Сȴ׼ǹָŵľȻʱࡣ 
ӳɣİǹͬʱǹյڲֿԵø 
Ȼӳɵǹˡ 
ӵʱͷϴһѸٲͷͷƤʡ͵תͬʱҲǹָӳɡ 
ȦıԵյʦͽǹָ۾ﶼǺķâ 
СǰһʱȻȴ񿴼һЦӳǰսϵָӳɵСһۣסĽŲ 
ү֣ӳɿʱһЦĶԶҪ̫ǰɣ 
һѪʱͷ첻⣬ǹ׼ӳɵĿڣҲ΢΢һЦǾͿϧϧˡ 
ӳǹҲһƽȣԵүǺοࣿѵһʲôôɣҿãúϣǶͲһˣɣڹԹԷǹҲʹְʡ״ѿܣѣ 
㵱ҼꣿʱЦ뽩־档ڳÿ˶񾭽 
ʱȻһЦ㵹ǹ 
ү̧٣ӳЦɣ߽ҡ 
ʱ̾ӳɵӳɣһСɽ죬ʱʴûжԲĵط 
үǸʲôӳɴʱռƣֵøʱ䣬ڵģʲôԵԲ𣿵㲻ҲͬķλģͽܵѧүӦø˲ǰοү㻹ᣬ½ôϣôôûأ 
ʱජΪʲôݺһΪ 
ӳЦһҴûĹԽԽ谮ΪȻҪҵĵ½壬Ҫĸ㣬ˣжٶһͬͬͬǺԹԷǹøɾһǺһүѵԸ𣿡 
᣿ʱһ㲼֣Һһ𣬷𣿡 
ӳЦҲܺү㿴˭֪˵ӲҪһŭ֮ɱ˴ݺ½巴Ŀ֪Ҫͷս֮˫˫ȥſ̫ˡ 
ʱü۾ɱ⣬ӳɼ΢΢һЦڴ̼үģʹҲ취һģʱҶ˵ʱʮӢۣΪһûֱ̫ˡʮ֮󣬶ʮ֮˵˶ңҲйôһɫֺЦغڵϴɡ 
ʱɫѿǹֿʼӴȣӳ⿴֣ҪڼЦȻʱһЦ˭֣ 
ӳһ㶣ʱǿɵӣҲҿһֱǻƺ⣬ȻҶ֣Ȼ˺̨Ҳ²£۾½廹 
ӳȻЦֲô겻 
˵ĶԣǸɡʱûĳЦôǸ½ˣʲôô 
֣ү̧̫ңҲ̫𱾳ǵĵˡӳɵⲻ֣Ͷү 
ʲôʱ¡ 
޶һֻǴΣҼүһ棬֪ʱǰӳ΢΢һЦ㣬Ҳһ磬үǾһҵģֱϤǰ;ɱڽöడ 
ʱŶһɫƽ˵ 
ͻĳĬӳ΢΢еüͷʱү˵𣿡 
Ϊ֪ģѾˡʱ۾¶Цͬʱϳһ΢Ц΢ЦӳɵĲּ䣬ͻȻʼľս 
ʲôԣӳɵʼ˸ܿԱſڵϵµѪԣĻ࣬Ѫ̫ˡ 
Ȼ۶ʱ׼ӳɻۣ⣬ָսȥͬʱǹ 
ذϵѷţǲ֪ڴóǹǹͬӳɡ 
˼ͬʱСµתǹڣһǹЮŶµӳ£µǹҲõϣ˲ͣ 
ֻмӣʱȴԵΨһӵš 
˻нƣʱȴǸ΢Цֱӵù⣬ɬǹſʱֹͣ 
ӳɺɵڴƬѪУˡ 

Ϣŷſеǹɫе㷢׵ҡҡλվүû°ɣ 
ʱҲվۣСˣ㡪 
˵䣬ֿŷص죬Ѹٰǹڶ׼ſڡһңǹӰ 
⼸˲֪ǽ϶˶ʲôֿһ硣 
СȻǹûз¡ 
ʱһ 
ҲвټһҪɵش߹һ߿ŶСЦô𣿡 
С¿һʱѰָʾʱȴڿڻһۣޱطǹ 
ǰɣ˾濪ǹָĿڣɪһ£֮ǰ˵ĲһѪȻüӵ𣿡 
Ѿӵˣ̫ʱüͷת۾οСϷôƭӳɣ 
սѾһΪʹ亹ˡ 
ˡʱƺö´ȥҽԺ 
˾ˡƤЦشӦţվԭû 
ʱ࿴һۣתȥ 
ת 
ѱΧ 
Ѿվλã͵תһźţˢˢؾǹͶСΧм䡣 
ʱŭС 
ǺЦţվƵ˵һӳͬھءʣ˭ţҶٴһ飬ෳˡǲǣ 
ס˿ڶһû˵Ļ 






 64 


ʱŭЦӡ 
ƫ˰ƫ˰ЦߵʱǰԶĵطߣҺ֣ôֻ˵Ҳ˵ǸӳɣҪɱ㾹ȻӰˣҼϵҾ˾ˣǹɲϵá 
ʱ࿴ͳָԼؿڵǹҪɱҸղžͶˣҷϻ 
֧ǹ˭Ҿ˾ˣܲӳɱɣ㿴ҿɱġ´ʱ֪࣬Ķ죿˵Ṉ̀ʺ򶼵ź֣ЦǶררҩһȥ˾ͳմʱ˼˵ӳһǹɰɭĬ֢Ǻܺ𣿰ܡ 
һȻһǹָŶ£һһݹһܡ 
ʱɫ࣬˿ֿ˿ƺıرȤͷһ£ⵯ˵ܣӳҲû½ҲҲãҲ㲻ͷϣ˾ˣ˼˵˼š˵ôǲ㣿 
ʱüͷû˵һֿۣ˿ߵι벻Զ֣ 
˿ܣ룬ֽӹ 
¶Цݡ 
һ룬ЦݽϣһɲǼ䣬Ѿֱ۴ӱסĺܶ 
ǹ־ٸߡ¡ 
»ûзӦѾʺͷѾƤһǳӡ 
˿ǰ龰ԥؽǹϣСºͶһʱӹǹ⼸ˣСºͶһ߿ȥԱߵذŵϳµߣö̵ϻ⼸˵ַһһʼ绰֡ 
סּ±֪ȥЦݳʧŭ 
˵Ƿƨ迴㣬ԭҵ£ϲͷӹƨɣ 
亹ѾʼʣһЦװˣҶǸѵӳɵ֪ɣԱ߶µݹһصߣܣӹ߿ʼӳɸߥͶ½壬˵ӲġȻңߣӳɺүҺүӳɺң㡭ղôǲϣɱһʣɫްû˵Ĳӣߵƨ£ǲϲù£˻ҪǮ 
үٵɲ󲻾òֿſڳˣԶԶϸϵ 
ʱ߹һ߷ҡҡһ߶űѺߵ΢΢һЦģ㲻ɱңҲɱ㡣˵óҩģֹһ 
֮⣬ѿʱѾٿֻǲͷֶˡ 
һֱʱĻҲûпֻ΢̾Ǻܲ 
£ȥҽԺ 
´Ӧһסȥ 
ʱ࿴ԶȥıӰ鸴ӡ 
ү߹ҲҲ鵽һ֡ 
˵ 
ϴɵ飬ȷийصҹ˶٣ǡǸˡ 
ʱüͷ 
ҾòԾٲһ£үǲǵϴ޶ץסΣȻƤӵҲû鷳 
ʱüͷø˵ȥ 
Ҿ޶Ǳֵ߰ܲһ£˵޶ڹؼʱӵһ绰绰пܾġ 
ʱظ 
һ̲סүҪԸ𣿡 
ҪԸҪԸҡʱ࿴˰һۣ˵Ȼ˵ٷһңҲֱŤʱ򡣹Ҫ죬͵ŷˣѷ̫ˣԼȰ룬ǺȳӶ޶ʱҹ鷳𣿡 
룬ҡҡͷ 
Ǳֻʣһҵʱסˡʱ˵ڽ԰ִվ½һߣ鷳ߣѱָķѣǲݵġ 
еãȻү˲𡣡 
һĬľګƨˣʱͻȻðôһ仰ʱǴ㵣ʣʲô˼ 
ȳӺ޶ڵĴ½ү׵ôң⼸ʱôӵ飬ô̫һˡеݵؿʱࡣ 
ʱ಻ÿɷһЦ 
һû˵Ϳʵ׼ôԸأ 
ʱüͲðìԽԽãôԸ˳Ӧ뾡취ڰðɵˮԽԽáϴҿ϶ı⣬ǸСӾȻΥ£˵İѱ˰һۣӳˣ½岻ưոݣĳԽԽá 
үȥǸ롭Ǹˣеɻ 
ܵȻСʱഹ۾ܹ飬һˡ 

еʧѪ࣬Ϸ˿ڶµϣϤĳ𵱳ͺδ޶ӳʱ 
̶̵һСʱȻôôӵ飬ȵ̣жԵĺڵǶµʱҪӵ顣 
ǰһһ󷢺ڣҰ·һһСת̾۾Щûʧһɫǰתš 
Щ㣬·𿴵ǵİ׵ڵγһһǿֿµУļ˵طţ˴˳ײ̲ƾܣԼһҶϣЮŵƯΣһ˲ͷ£һ˲ֱһû 
ģģأ·ֿ֮⣬ƽ̹½أԶֲڿ㶵յشƬ½վڰߡ 
߿ȥԼСϴ󺰣Ƿ̫̫Զûһĵض֣Ȼ׼ѵЬˮ 
ٶȱ죬·ΪʵļƷ˷ܣЩ˵±ߣһɹɺɫİӿŵļǷ޴ˮ׼ɴһѪһͷ¡ 
߿ȥţͷһ¡ 
Զ˵ʲôȴֻˮٶȱø죬ԾˮУƴι 
ȥغţȴֻؿԶѸʧˮϣҲûӰ 
ͬʱ޴ͷĻ£Сɷ飬ԼҲޱߵĺڰС 






 65 


ѧǴı飬ŽʱžѾǰȥˡ 
ס֮žȻĲɫһԲ˵Ǽȴֲϸ񣬳Ӱ֮ǰ߿Զӵ绰˵мѧ̽žҲһܿˡ 
ѧǺܿ켷ΧһȦһʼһصıμ׷ᣬŪԶõĲǲ֢֮ͼһֵ֪˻ûصܿЦظ 
ʦԭǮˣô󰡣 
ʦ̫ˣҪĩȻ٣ 
ʦҪտ 
Ǻ㰡ʦεǸ˽γû˼ 
ʦÿţ㲻Ǹ˴˰ɣ 
ԶЦһǽ˯ޡʳζѧ˵Ц;úķѾѧбȽ϶µģ¶ƣ̬æ˵ʦҲͷ߰ɣʦúϢ 
ѧǰѴһӣַ׷׸ˡ 
ԶĿһ뿪Լ΢ЦƬ̣Ըƣı۾ڴͷϢ 
죬ԶΪžˣûۡ 
һӰ£Сĵؽʦ 
Զۿ 
΢΢ͷüҲһʲôⲻ֪ӡ 
һûעǰ̫һˡ˿ȥ˺ܶ࣬ǰϲԲӲˣݣüĿ֮Ҳû˵ɬۣȻ˼ֳ֮ɫԶɻüղһֱû˵ĬĬվȺ棬֪ҪԼ˵ʵ
ʲô𣿡 
ԥһ£̧ͷʣʦǲǵõͥĺϰ壿 
Զ֪ʲô𵱳ںΡµĲ״ʣʲô 
ǾǼǵˣطʣȻ˵ʦһؼңʱǸˣ˵ңҸ˭ܲҡʦ㣬ϵ𣿡 
ԶΪᵽ΢ʣ㵽ʲô 
ҧ´ɫһƺö⣬ᶨ˵ʦϵˣε¡ңôҲΡ 
Զ֪ͺεĹϵڿɫԾĵʣʲô 
۾ģǷǳϲãޱˣԶ˵Ұ 
ͻȻӣԶܸˡ˽һ޷ܵʣ˵ʲô 
ɫƺΪ̬ȶȻһ£˵Һ 
Զ磬𾪵سĬܾãٿȴʵʦ֪𣿡 
ɫȻ˵ͷ˵ּ̧֪ͷûйϵ˭ҵɡ 
Զŵؿȫ̸̸ʲôɣ˺Դ㡪 
ᣡ˵ʱûϳңǡܸӡֱֱ֮͵ǵȷˣϵڽͥ˺þҲûеȵûбİ취еѹز˲ͷ쿪ǸˣΨһ֪ܰæˡ 
Զ鸴ӵؿŽȻתҲ֪ôϵ 
ʦң֪ʶҼһ֣һλѧУſڵ㡣ʦҲûкΣ㡭 
ϵţԶҡҡͷüͷҲͬ 
ʦ 
ʹ֪ôϵʹ֪Ҳ㡣Զᶨ˵ 
Ϊʲôѹشʡ 
ΪʲôԶƺÿЦظϴҿһֻ˺ʱͻȻ㰮ָţ 
˺ҵģѹżͼ˵Զϳ˭֮󣬴û˺ҡǡһʱ 
ƺеΣ˵ȥԶһֱۣ˵ʣ棿 
ְף˵ͷ 
ԶÿɷЦЦɰױ죬ҲΪ²ŰҲˡʦ㣬ҲȦˣָܸ顣ĵģҡ 
Ҳš˽ԽԽɫԶ˵ûУҴȵ绰ûϵ 
Ϊûк¹𣿡۾ļ·Ҫ֤ԼһŬؿţΪֻΪΪԻЩ𣿵ҿƲסԼû취ҡƺΪ˿⣬վš 
Զһ˲Ļ㱣Щô죬ڲǰͬһž˵ƵĻ 
ΪֻѪҪ׷ΪҴûжҡ
һԶüͷܿԼؿڵĻ˵㲻ҪˣֻһôֶͬڶкŮϣ˽ϰ壬ϰ壿ôϵ֡ 
̧֪֪첲۾ỹһֱ䣬 ǺˣôĻ£бӦģһбӦģֻܷʲô£ʲôӦֻ 
кӵվſǻԻȫԶؿŽӰ·Լغˡżµʱͼ·̡ 
ǸԶӸƳǵɽߣһ·Ǹ֣ţΪԼӵһڰȫ׼ΪԼ뵽ѺϰΪԼսսʤһεĶ֣ӵǸҲǸӵУȻ΢ЦǸԶĺڴͨ˵绰 
ֻߣԶ䵭ؿڣ˵˵飬ȻͻҪϣҲӦĸ飬ֻһ㣻ͬʱҪͱø࣬ϣЩ£ϣٱЩֻǲܵģЩ޷ѵĹȥһ֣Щ˽ֻʹԼʹԼû㹻ı޷ԼȻ㷢֣Լ˳Ϊĸ塣˶٣˵ֻģſ֡ 
ȴԼ֣ûκԣκα飬κζܹʹǸ˸ı⡣ 
ֱۣˮʹ۾ȴʹ 
ģҲȻθߣ㲻ףֻҲҪҰ 
Զһ仰ʹ񣬲̾Һͬ㣬ҴˣҲܸôϵ 
ףΪʲô޷ٴʵ 
ΪǸƤģǸѧԶش𣬡Ϊʦۿĥ㣻ΪҺĸͬ£пΣգ¿ԺСҲܲŲʣ˵ƲŽŻ˵úܶˣҲܶ㲻𡣡 
ҧ촽ӹʵҰְأ 
ʲô 
ҸҰ֣Լ˵Ļסһ˶ٲ˵Ұ㣬᲻ 
Զ˼ؿŽ˵϶ҸļҪöࡣ 
֪ˡᣬվһ˵ˣףտ 
ƺ˵ʲôȴ˵ͷ뿪 
ԶţŤͷȥߵСŻֻʵС 
һУ򿪿˿°˿ļУһٵС˶תȦмɿһԱӣ͸ľһſƬֲڵػһˮñ̶ļУԱдšʦȻ㾭ҵͷһϣϿ쿵ˮһҶ⡱ƮѩˮһſƬģдŮӾּƵĻźܶġ 
Զе㿴ȥ̧ͷһ⣬ԱߵĹȣС򴰱ߡ 
ΪԼӦӵеɣʣģѧܿɰͬ²ͻȻҪɱԼ塣 
Լѡ񣬾Լղ潪ѡһ 
Զţﻹſյƿӡ 
ȷ紵¶γĶԱȡŴֻ죬˭֪ûѰ
ԶվһȻвƵĲعͷ׳Ѿţһ죬ΧŹˡ 
ֻһ˵˵ͷһ˴һԶԹԸһ˰ɡү㡣 
̫СҪΪҳʽѡ񣬵Ѿܾˡ 
Զţ׳һЦɡ 





 66 


˵꣬ԶſȥߴٶԷ֣˭Ҳû 
Զߵſڣͷǡ 
˺ʶһֵֻǰһֻŹһǰŴ򿪡 
⻹վһ磬ҪСһЩǰһΡ 
ô£Զ߳һ˵ðε𣿡 
ͦġû˵һ˽͵ 
ŰҪǰ·ô죿ͺ𣬡ģ 
˵Ǿ˲ͽˣҽԺԶȻ죬ߵǰ棬˭̧ȣҺ¡ 
˶е㷴ӦؿԶ̾һѿˣǲ뱻ɣ 
곤˻һۣ˭ҲûһߵԶǰ£Ȱ£Ȼοʼߡ 
˸Աߣһ˲Զںš 
߹չȥԶͻȻ˵ 
ʲôʡ 
㣬ȻѣĻᱨԶ͡ 
мǰķ˿û䣬ԱȴϵطסεαԶƵߵϡ 
ǰɣŵ졣 
һ 
Զȴƺ⣬еָǡ 
ⲿչȥǱߵĵݣֱӵһġ 
΢һѻȥҲ̸Ϲô죿 
Ҫˣûѧֱ֮𣿡 
㳵϶ûмλ𣿰ҲҪеⰡ 
˱ˣֱӷȥҪĥĥġ 
Ĭȥʻ׼ԶϳԼ·ص˱ʦѵСѧʱҿʼɻԼڰʻڰ 
ãȻɿ˳ȥʻţ˲ŽںĶ߹Ҫϳ 
ι׼ԶĽ̤ĵһʵһҪô³ 
ɫѿǰŵһۣװƣֻ踺ص³ηŵ档 
ӷˡ 
һ·չ죬ӺӾﲻϴǳ˲˵˴֮ҲسĬš 
ʮӺ󣬳ӹսһСԶϳǿŵĺԿһεܽʱ򣬰ͣó͵жΣԶãǰߡǰԶںѷ硣 
˼գӿŵĺŽȥƵһԡ 
ݿרõģŲ֪Żĸ軶Ц֮Χûбˡ 
Եһѷİĸһ˵ݡ 
ֱӰǴһ㣬ƽĳķ֮Ǽ˾ͶһԵ뿪ˣֻʣԶһԭصȴ 
û˹ԶʼоΣðťǰ˵ΣȻǡ 
ַŰִʹǰеѣǺȤԵ𾢣űƿˡ 
ʱδ߽ȻͣԶĵطӸµؿ 
㵹ܵ󰡡ʱº͵΢Ц˵ 
ԶҲְҵЦݣʱҲôԸϳϴѧԼһ˴ţýǲʱٳ֣ЧϳҲÿζá 
ϲ˴򽻵ˡʱ໹ȺܺõЦţߵɳԱ£һԶתķ 
Զѹһ̣޾ɫؿ 
ʱһ΢ЦʵҪΪ˵л㡣Զ԰ɣԶʦҵºκİԶ沿飬޶Ƕܾ㡣 
ԶҲͬ沿飺ûʲôҶģ㲻֪ú𣿡 
ʱûбŭ赭д˵ԣҺɣб¡ 
Զ΢üȻЦʱһۣ̲סЦ 
Цʲôʱ״ 
ЦҸ߹㡣ԶֱһΪΪʲôңԭΪ 
ʱ΢Ц۾Ҫ˵ȴƿ 
ү 
ŻŵСܱһƿſڡ 
ü촽һߣɵĿӵǡ˫ţ׳ţ¶ؿڰʵʵıصĲλѪȻ֮ǰڿŵĸϢ˼ʹæϹġ 
Ѹ򷿼һŵԶ鲻ײɶһ£Ȼſʱࡣ 
ɫȻѿܹү飬о仰˵ 
ʱȻ˵ȳȥɡ 
͹ųȥҲûκһۡ 
ʱ࿴˿ţֿ˿Զ΢ЦǾ鷳ٵһ£ȻôϣһʱѾҪʲô 
Զû˵ӽ䷿֮һֱϵĴ΢ЦֺʧˣĬؿŵķ 
ʱüȥһֱվűߵСľսؽţүǲ硪 
ʱ࿴һۣСܱ־ס죬ۿʱųȥˡ 






 67 


վʱרŸĻذһ˫Ьݹ 
鷳ҿһºͻȻܳˣôŽŰͷٵŮε˵ֻᱻԹˡ 
Ǹ㡣Ьθϵü´βˡ 
ǲˣȻӵû˵񾭣һ˼ûµƬһ̧к 
ʱ˵ͷ߹һǰѪüȥ 
˵վҪǰߣȴûжү 
ʱһʱû˵ִؿҲûг 
һȥ׼ҩ 
ӰʧȾͷĵſڵү˵ġ 
ʱ໹û˵۾з·һ籩 
û˵˵֤İ 
ȫֻûгѾʱһƵǽϣ˿ܵײһûü˵Ѿʱ° 
üͷȥʱһ°ͣһֻ־Ȼݺݰ˿ڴ۵ֱ۵ļⶼȴȻҧؾܾʱǡ 
ʱջذ˿ϵ֣ͬʱҲſ촽۾еؿš 
ɫףǽϵȴʹȥɫ۾ִضʱࡣ 
ʱḧϵ˰̣һߵģΪ˱¡ 
ȥȴˣʲô£ 
ʱĬƬָ̣һǲǹȥˣ 
˵ǡ 
ˣҲ㣬ԼЧʱ͵͵Ժ⣬˳˰ɣͲҪٹܰɵ¡ 
üʱүҲҪܰɵ顣һߴӦҲԶһ߾ͰץʲôɶСӦҵģҪ 
ΪԸֻ޲Զû취ǰʱҧս˵ˣֻӦ㲻ᶯúõʲô¶ûСο˵飬Ҳ̫ˡ 
ûʲôġ 
ʱЦ㲻֪йϵ 
һתȥҵȷ֪ 
ʱһƾԼȳ˺λ޶׷Ϊһţ 
ɻüͷʱŵ㷢ƷʡԶ˰Сʱ裬ʹӦæҷɣΪҲ鲻 
ͣסһЩϢӵɹֻԶᵽһǴˣԼĸܺгҪԼһߡ 
ԭǾȻǵһΣԼǸɱ˫׵ĳ̸ٴνף
ʱ࿴ı飬΢΢ü֮ҪŪΪʲôġ 
ˣȴץסһ˫۾ؿ㻹˵ᶯ 
ҵȻᶯ֧ҡʱüͷøӳɺˣѾԪӳ֮ǰϵãҿԽԽǿֲǳ°ڲƽټ߲ƣһҶвҰ뱲ӾӪɲߵزܷ⻼Ͻ¸ûᣬҿЮңô 
û˵ʲôһš 
ҪңҶԣûʲôȰɸҪʱ˵Ҫ뱣ǼһӦϣԹ԰İѱˣҲȫǺܺã 
ѵҲ׷ʡ 
ʱ࿴΢΢һЦΪ˲һ뾡һа취ԡԡ 
֮أǷŹ 
ٴαʱײǽϣƺһϼ 
ҴӦ˲ͲΪʣҲŽ͡㲻ҪΪͷϡʱٴοͳݣҲϲΪ˱ң֣ҾͰȥ㵽˭ˣ̧ס°ָͣͻðɡ 
۾ʱڶֱ̾仺֪ҵƢƫƫҪֿԣӣΪҲ𣿡 
ָó۾ʱһ߽ʪָ£һ߶촽 
ܿĿ⣬ȴʱ˵ĵĻ 
ʱЦˣҺȻ֣ϣĿѵôһ£ǼһԹԽİѱԱߣ׹һ㡣 
룬شá 
ʱ΢΢һЦ˿ѪøĿڲλ̾˿ѳһһϣһߵսپȻȥҩ 
û˵ԼϿӣϿҧһȻ߽ղŵķ䡣 






 68 


űߵСܡںԶԭλãȥʱȫĿͶ˹ 
֪Լ촽űǺ̺ˮ⣬ֻԶҪ˭ƴһľðʲôﴥŭʱࡣ 
Զܿ촹ۣû˵ֻ߬ýġ 
ʱ߻ɳ£վʱʣҪ˵ʲô𣿡 
ҪشԶŵ룬ǧҪش𣬵ƣ㲻Ҫ 
Զ̧ͷʱ࣬΢΢һЦ˲٣֪үľ䣿 
ãͼѹĿ⴫ݸԶԶǿһһҲϿ 
ʲô㲻֪𣿡ʱ࿿ɳϣ֪Ϊʲôһʦ 
ҪĻӰ쵽Ҫ⣬Ҫ棬Ҫشҧ 
ŶүҲĻԶʱ࣬ǴȻĺ档 
΢΢һ 
ʱЦʵǴ˭ûڵϻҵĻʦܰҵæ𣿡 
شղӣڱ취ߵģֻҪӾͺãԶԼ̫ԣԶû̧ͷ 
ҺæԶ˼˵ 
ᵽɤۡ˵ɵԶǧ˵ɵ 
ʲôʱĸȤʣҾ㡣 
ס˺ 
Ҫ綯ΡԶش 
ﳤسһúã룬ӵ׼Ϊֹ 
ʱ࿴ȥһ㶣ԶЦЦƺܲ˼ؽ͵̫Իˣҿֻһֻ̫ܶˡˣүܰæҵԶ¥ݵͺһڵϼﻹиˮĵطأ۵ǳȽ 
ĽǶȿʱɫһ˲ĺ֪ʲô顣 
ãʱشҿԴ绰ȥֻҪʦϰæϰ͵ϡ 
ϵĬּβſϰæ 
ðԶشͬʱһЦˡ 
۾ȭͷˡ 
ŶʱҲһû뵽ӣ㲻˵˵ʲôѱ 
Զ 
Ǻܶǰˣʱһ£֤ݡԶ˵ξȻ̧Ŀ⣬ 
ĿԶѵҪ㸸ĸʱࣿ˵Ϊ֤ݿͬʱʱࣿ
Զ΢΢һЦ 
亹ˣĿɫôɵԶ㶷ǣ㣬Ҫ㡣 
ҺܸȤʱע⵽Ŀ⣬ŤͷѾѸת 
ү֪£ԶŲæʣ㣬֪̫Լ鷳ġ 
ʱµľ鷳 
תͷҪעһһضԶ 
ǾͺãԶ˵ǰǷĿȴҲ˺ܶˡ 
ҧȫӶʱıڣԶҡͷ 
ôɵԶΪ˱Լܻʹɱֵģô죿ô죿 
Ҿ˽ӡԶһЦɴ˵ 
ԭأʵϣԶÿ˶ԭء 






 69 


ƺ˺üӣƺֻм룬ʱعüͷȥ 
ޱ顣 
ʱת۾Զо˰죬˵òҪˣС 
һ˶һƴӣпҲпǷѵǰҵʱûֿ𣿡Զ̹ȻЦôѺηȥȣȥˡҸսҽԺͰת˸߼Ҳ˰ɣҰأ˭ΪôİǼҹˣΪ˰Ƕ㿪ҵıڣҷ˲ٹء 
ʱ࿴һۣſڵСʹһɫСܹԾسȥһŰˡ 
үԶԶվţػǴԶʱܺȷ㿪ѡ 
ʱƬ̣ʣҲΪʲôô 
ԶЦ˽ӺԼϰ֣ǧټƸ鷳ѵ𣿡̧̧ʯֱ۸㵽İѱǲΪ˲鷳˵ûпڰұ 
ʱ࿴˿ֱۣɫƵ˵ԣҷɵʱ˵ҪֶţôôԴġġʶվţüס˻ͷ 
Ȼҳ󲻿ҲүԶ̾˵Ĳ̫ԸԼӸgayϲǨŭӸgayĶϡᣬԲԣ 
ʱüͷãȥȷʵˡ 
ôˣУԶ͵͵Ц绰֤ʵһ²͵ˣ 
ع鰲һӵĺڵ￴ϵļһһʱ֪Ǹǻ 
ʱ¿ɳϣؿԶһúдȻûлͷͣȥҩ 
Ӧһǣ͸ʱߣӰεظ 
ԶǵıӰȻ綯ʲôʱ͵ү 
ʱŲͣδͣԶһֱݳȴڿųȥʱҴƳһۡ 
ԶĿ뿪˿Ա߼İ벻ؿαϱĿ񣬻ζŸղһۣ΢Ц 






 70 


һЩʱʱ˰ѷõ䣬Ҫһò͡ 
Ȼվ󣬲Ѿ֮ǰʱԴӳ¼֮ߵıȫãһİߡ 
ڱ˶ųԷûԳʮֽӣʱȴΣϸвˣ֮꺮ů 
ϧе绰ɷ羰ʱ࿴˿üͷϣ绰ڲˡ 
´֣ϷӳɵġʱͰ˵һ绰˭ûô¹ 
ӳԭиģǺܲ𣿡˵ 
ʱ಻˵ˣһȴԺǲҪ̸۰ɵˡ 
ͷûӦ 
ʱ̾תƻ㲻õġ֮ǰΪǣ㣬½˸ͬס¶½嶯ĻһôҲûСȰ΢һ㣬Ҿ˹ȥҪˡ 
绰ٴʱüҪϣȴɫһ䡣 
Ѹٽͨ绰ʲô£ 
绰һǸ˵ʱɫĻԽԽѿüͷ壬۾з·ŭ 
ţϵҶϵ绰һۣͼᣬǻдŸղŵķȻ´Է 
ͷʱڴҴ뿪ſʱԿŶ߸ӺͰӻڡ 
䰲˿극⵽ߡ 
Ȼ¥µСӣĺɫ𣬽ģܿ¥СһɫС˳̡ 
߻ʰ;ߡ 
;뿪ɳϣǽӱ뿴 
ʮӺſڴȺ˴ 
ܿŵٵһɤŴ˵
ţ鷿 
ڴ³߹ȥţȴſڵľһƽ 
鷿ȥһ߽һԸǼѺȥ 
ĴӦһ˴ͽԶȥˡ 
Ķʡ 
ϴμ¥ϣɫŵһ䡣ش 
˶һ룬óԽϻȲɫš 
ϻס 
ɿԽأһ˵ôôģ 
һ⴦ЦɣҪǲģͶݣ 
Խ˸ϻ̹ˣĿꡣ 
ãߡ컪պöԽһЦǲ֪ǸԶʲôϵʲôϵʱץ϶ǳģȻӦõͲһˣļ򣬡Ǻҡڲ£ûôʹظһϢġ 
Ϣ̫õģ俴һۡ 
컪Ц棺ҽӵʱ;ĶԾͻȻԶֿϤƬҶƵġˣٺЦţҵٹһ˵ϣ㱻ҩҩǻء 
ѾĶԽȻȣ
ϻ̹ˣĿ겻ϸߣ̬ȷǳִ 
ô¶Ҫʾ컪ŶԽӼȥ 
Խӵĵûκ˻ظ 
컪ɫϻϻ 
̶ĵεһ컪ѸٰѶԽӶÿһڵԻһʧһ˵ƽش
Զ̹ˣǲ 
컪һ㶣컪ûüشԶᶨ˵˭Ҳߡ 
󾪣Ҫ컪ĶԽ컪ŵһ߸߸߾Խһߵι費ֻÿж鶼˵黰 
ɫ΢ͣվԭأֻǿ컪 
컪һۣŶԽť˭ѶԽģ 
Ƕ϶ȻǸεϻ棬̹ˡͷ㻹һ˰ɡ 
ġ컪һ䣬˶ԽҪתֿһۣɡ 
һ¡ 
ʲô㶣컪˵ȻʱǿƣǱߡ֪϶ãʱҶ 
Ҫûа취ҲˡȻȥһ 
컪ؿۣһ߿ˡ 
Ī꣬üɳ 
Ӳű³ƿ컪վſڣüͷ壬üǷŭ 
˷ʱˣŭؽеҹ㶨Զ 


 
лҪ˵˵£71Ҹˣûбԭҷʱ70·ˡ
ɾֻ޸ģ
оʹ÷
Ǹֱӿ72¾ͺˣݽ70µ




 72 


ǰСëֻ֪Ҫһ˲еʣ˭ҲûԶоġСҲ̫ƻˣ׳װǻϻȥ˶Խ˵һԼ̨ϡ컪һһ죬֪ڱԹº⣬ڸʵҲûô⡣ 
˵žͳʮĵݣɫŴţԿ̨Χվ죬һƤڵڶԴ壺㵣İȫ⣿ģǡ 
ǸղŵġϻɣԶ̨ش⣬Ӫȶǣűߣҷģҿ´жԸĸŽССèˡ 
һ㶣ʶԶô̡ 
ƤҲһ㶣һŭɫ׼ţ⼸ְ˽ŵ 
סס֣컪仰㼤ǹثġҵȥ 
Ƥ߷ߵعŲӣͬȰοɫ⡣ 
һӣ컪Ȼ֪Ҳ˵ĿܡҪһӸ㲻Ҷ鷳 
ͷҲȥˣ̧̨š 
㲻Ҫң 
һ̨Ŵ濪ſԶϣֱֱؿ 
û뵽һԶ̨ƹ谵ͶӰǴһѪ裬ȥɫضţ·ΪʲôΪʲô鼫ȽǡʱҲûбɡ 
ղŶԾĳŪ׹Ǩŭ̾Ҫ˵ЩοĻȴֹصرųĬ 
ͻȻҪӪңԶͷĵƹ̨ʹı޷壬һΪҪûǣ㲻֪ҶżҵᱻҲͳǵġͷ˵Ǿ仰ԭһģ 
΢΢̾Ȼе㽩Ӳػش𣺡ڲ˰ɣԶشת֪ͨǴߡ 
߳ȥģһԶһ޷ֿί飬һӽеȥ 
޷ԼվԭأԶѹ˵ںң⵽ô£عͷҰ 
˱ۣһתȥԶԼ侲ͻ˵֪Ҿͱô࣬˰취ɽľǳûԹԻȥİѱõúÿһֱƽ£οĪۏˮ? 
ѾۏˣԸۏġԶ䣬ֱߣԸһЩѾˮˣΪʲôҪվڰϣҲԸǰܵģҽԺôˣ˱ңҲеǰ취 
Ϊ𾪵ؿ̶üͷôģ 
ץԶαϣҪƳȥ 
˵ҲߣҲġԶûдʯֽ̨Ű֣̬ǱᶨǰҴ̧ȥҲһ뾡һа취ߣôù۵ôҡ 
𷢷ˡ֣ͣ˵ˣʲô¶ûУҪʲô𣿡 
Զһ 
ð˵΢΢Ц⿴۾̶һ 
һʱûзӦֳ㯵ӣܿɫһ䣬ǱʲôݺݻУ𾪡ŭжȺΣЩӵѸ۾þɢסһһ㣬һִԶαϣһִηϵƣԶǰֱԶָ϶ûж 
뱣㣬áҰɣİѱǸзĳ롣ָĦȻƣͣؿڣЩᴥţһ£ҲҲȻıȻʲôʣƾҲ֪ĵطΣյ飬ƾҲ֪ˡ 
۾żҪԼı飬չԶԶǰļߡ 
΢ͷӡĳϣ£ڶߵĺľÿΪ˸ԼܸС 
ߣ촽ߣУ֪ϴΪʲôϸˣȻ£ЭҴߡֻ̽㣬ǲǣ뿴ҶҪǲǣ㲻ϸߣ֪ѶˣҹԹԻصߣԱǲôģʲô˵ΪҾͲ²𣿡 
ĺͣһģû˵ԶԼøĶ䣬ҲģҵȣҲҪȣҪġҲԸֻǵţֻһӡ롢ߣԸⲻԸ⣿ 
ʼԶߵĺȻƿ۾һֱҶС 
񣬾Ҫ˺ͬʱϧҪӵͬʱƾǿͬʱ־ҪͬʱҪһ 
֪ˣԶҡѣ֪ˣˣʲô˵ʱһ¶ 
ƭ졢öԽԼЮʲôأ޵޳ܵĽףԼֶζԸʲôأһ·׷ıӰۏˮŪһһѪʲôأˣššˡ 
Щȫֵõġ 
ԶĿһֻţ;ůģƮƮģֱ߹ϵȫȬһֻ˽ڻڵѪ 
ȻתĿ⣬ԳһЦһ£Լ۾һˡ 
ٿԶתȥԶķн˼˵
ֻá 
˻شһʲô˵ϻ 
˵װֻԶֲǰߣͦεΡ 
˵Ҫǰж 
Աߵ꾯¶ŵɫûκ侲ǿӲ 
ִ֪ܲ١ԣѾöˣ㻹бѡ𣿡Ƭ̣ش绰⣬ûʲôԭҵȲˡ 
˼룬˵һãȻѵ绰ݸɫŵľ죬ɡ 
ӹ˵绰תԶһ߹ 
Զһֱûд뿪 
ԶؿԸ⡣ 






 73 

ڲ鵱ȻҲҪպ÷ִ磬ǣűߡ˵꣬Ҷ컪ĵ绰Ѹٲͨһ롣 
½壬򵥵˵ǰжˡִǲִ˵㣬ȻˣҲֻøϡҸ˵ʱûɱڽľоġ֮ǰҪ֣ȥﵷңαװʱȥˣΪһ£뿪һСʱãסҺ鰴ԭƻû⣿ãжɡ 
Ҷϵ绰³һ̧ͷ˶ɳбŵһۣĿ꣬ǷԶĺ 
ҿûСߡžһƣ͸ƱĻ۲ŵƹ⣬Լߡġ 
һǸ˱ѶԸڼϸԶ 
ЦˡžҡҡбɫľҺ֮ζֲûδжôҲҰĺܴҪ˵ӳɺöԸ 
ָ̾ʹˡҪ̰ŻᱻúͿƣӳɺŸʺϺӳɼȨҪɵʱࣻӳɣҪʱһɵŶáһ£룬̰ʲô 
ž궢ıӣ̰ͼȨƣҲ̰ɫ̰Ǯǲ̰⼸ʲôڵ 
ʰָ棬⼸Ҫ£½ҲȡҲһֱȲԹۣҲԼ룬⼸֮ҡڲ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱ඼ʼ£ҪһߡžһۣھУĿϴ֪ʶһ˵˵Ҫסһ仰޴ˣǴҶ֪ˡӳɺͶ仰ϣҲϡ 
žüͷ𣺡ʲô̰ӳɵĿʲô 
ܾû˵̾˿Ҳһ̽һٶǲԶнӴ˶٣ǿͰĶӣ治ϣͻ 
ž꿴һۣҲ̾һûͻͺ˵һͻײϣ˼Ҷ˵ƣôջһξҲûѾƱϣƭ˵Զȥ˸߼ҽԺڻȥһˣѻԲһԲվȥ 
ˡ 
֪ 

֣ϷĲ䲻ͣӳȽϸߵλȫΪĸֺáӳȥ֮󣬱ʱӼͬĹǸУӳһ磬Ȼϲ⣬Ƿջ 
µֵǲͬļȻûԱʾҲ¶ҪӣҲԸ˵Ǹүֻᱻ𡣶ڣżս 
үڳͻȻѲƣĺͻ¸ûյЧؿſŵĿ˷ȥ޴룬绰Сǣȫ֪ʲôȵ֮ǰͬ͹Ҳ˵ѾԿơ 
ӽˮСǰµûôţѲѣⶫǮôָʲô㻹ӲӲΪ۵Ӱ𣿡 
֣Ϸѵ⣬ϹҲסҪСǰȴֹ˺ˡھǰ˿Ц𣿶侲㣬߾ͺˡ 
ܿȥ۶Ǿ죬ֱǱΧŵĺڵܻ֪˭ɿСǴɢŵɱȺҲʹþǱԽԽྯѾ˾һ 
һƬصĽַΧУݶһ죬Ȼ̸Ц 
컪죬ԱһϺļһһ·̸Ц߹ע⵽ľɤãǾͿ㵶ӡҪǽӳɵǸ֣̫£Ҳڴ󶯸λɨ˺ѹѹһƬڵӣ޾ɫúý̽ǣǾˡ 
ǴҡڵسֺӼŭ֣Ϸ޺޵һʲô£ٲҲƨɵң 
һԼȳе˶ס˺⻰ǳȥģ켣ɶ꣬ӳͬͬӳɾɲһʹʢʱݲؽеķҲˡ 
˵Ŀ£̹Ȼվ俴֣ϷػֲһȶûУƾ㻹ӳɣ 
ӳ밵ɱʱȻ˳µؼ̳Уûвȡģ𲢱ƹķʽ˴󲿷ְڶѱαɱ֪֮ϴ¸շãӳڣȻѱпȴҲ֪ȷʵ֣ϷֻƨСܸɵöࡣ 
֣Ϸƺ˵￴˼߳ŭָҿģ衪 
ž 
İ˦ϣ֣ϷŭСҲ½ţ֣㻹˵ֵǲǹŻУ㲻Ϊ˸¶ݣţԿΥķҲҭΥҲץȥ춼㲻ˣʲôһ磬ƾʲôôҸ 
⻰˵úܸȥƽ棬ʵ൱ĥ־֣Ϸļҵֵɫһ䣬֮Ҳһ㡣 
֣Ϸ˵ʲôֱһȭϣȥǼԥУѾһ̤ʼɿڳ˵
ʲô˴Ҷֵ֪ǸңĺģĻȥɣҾͲ֣ϷˣѴﶼƵǰȥԼ仰ӽ쿪ʼҲ֣ĵͷˣҪǿУӵĽ磬ǰҪҲУҲ˵ʲô̧ûϢϽߡ 
Լֵܿʼ̬еĿʼʣ磬⣬ӣүӾûˡ 
һΪү濴𣿳ɸڵʱôʵĵ̣үͻȥҪ½壻ǳɸ統ңүҪڿ׼䣬һٶʮΣ˿ǵ룬ĸֵܲڣɸˣŪôͷϣ̣ 
ʵûˣ֮һƬ˽ڵСǱ齹ǵػѯ 
֣ϷƲһԼ£İ 
һֱû˵ĹȻǰһߵϣ֣Ϸһ 
һ³ɹ˴ҵע⣬ɫǿ֪ܲɸһҿ˼û׼ҲҪԼ󡣡 
һƬ 
Ȼ˵ˣԸǰҾ˶ĳƺ˵ʱǸ֣үôţ 
أôδ磬ɴǱߵֵܳ绹˭֣ѵʱࣿ 
Ⱥɧ˺š磬Ҹɣվֵߣʱ֣ϷֵܣҲֻʣǱߡ 
Ƕ˻˵ɿ̤֣ϷؿϵĽţ߰ɡ 
˷֣ϷǱȥȺۼ͹ߡһۣ˽һɫȻתԹ˵ʲô£˴߹ 
磬Ҳζ΢Цض 
ԶԶķһۡ 
С˵ģաĶģ֡ȻԶһۣ磬λѡ 
һȥǲȥش𣬹һ¹ҪԶΣ˰֣ȻԽԶһ·Ƴȥһ߶ԹԸȥ 






 74 

ԶԼû취侲ͷ۾ʵˣͳּᶨ˵ԶԸ⡱;ԼһֱΡ 
лı´绰Եɵɸ¥ŴӿƮƮƱƵһɫͳԱߣ˺ᡣ 
ֱںźΣߣ˵һʲôʱԼһ㡣 
ղ˵ʲôȥϵˣ 
ЦһСĵصƲ˵ĵطûв 
ûСҰ㡣 
ԿĹȥеԽеΣ˵Ҳŵ㳡ϡ 
ԶûԾ̰ضȥס֡ 
ȵԼŷﳱģ亹 
Զһʲôʣ˵ʲôǰжǲǺΣգ 
˵ûʲô£߲Σ㲻õģԶϵô˵һյøѹͣЩ΢Ŀ󣺡 
ʱԼԼеϰߣֵ˵ûС߿ࡱʣûУϰߵԱͱԼĵ˵ֶΡϰҲ⣬ҲĵˣָαˣҲ֮ԶꡣȻԶ˵㲻˵ҾͲ²𣿡ô˼롣 
һ㣬룬ش𣬡ٵȵȵĻʮɵİա 
ΪʲôٵȵȣԶʣǲΪңʱԿ 
ǣԼԭ򡣡ɫػش 
ԶҪʣѾܲ˺ڱ̸µʱ˵һЩ޹شֵĻٴοһʵ磬ȥǿҪҪٽм 
á򵥵˵ 
֮ǰ˵ƿǿĸһɣү̫ۣǲЩʲôô죿 
ģοǿ̸̸ۣҿ԰ʮֺģ²ڷ 
еԥ̸̸ֻȷ 
һЦٵȵȣʵ˵ҲãʡҹΡȻȵ۾ͣһ£ 
͵ɲȻ󿴵ľ󣬲Ҳһ 
Ĺ·棬ҹɫʻһӺɫγϱȥϵúܼϸȥһɫİµA8էۣǷǿƷζ 
ֻӹùֻ򿪳ҪȥۻԶ֣ڳ 
ȻѸٿ˳ųȥһߴ绰һԶ֡ 
ܿ죬ĳͣ߰˸˷׷³ȫӽͨ·ͷԽ˵Ƿǿ 
ôܹûҽӵү绰˵ų£ҹȥ㣬ô 
ͣסˣı顣Ǳסſʼɪɪ 
ǿ磿³ 
վԶ㣡ǿ󺰵 
²֪ʲô£Զһ㡣 
Զ㣡ǿУ¼Զһ㣬ǰһƵϡ 
üͷ㣬ˡ 
ô£ǿϵһû𣿡 
ֱһ̧ץס󣬷ǿ˦һжƿһ㣬ؿվֱԵػش𣺡ҡ 
ΪʲôǿתͷһԼԶ£ŭѹǷѵģү㡭㲻ãɿûп㣬ûаôҵĽ죿 
ûлش⣬ֻǾؿһ÷ǿʼĴԼֵܹʱ򣬲ſ˵ңΪʲô 
ǡûб˼Ҳû벻磬ҲǸ˵ﻰ˵Ϊ仰šôĸˡץԼͷŵøͣȥɣҾ͵û㣬Ҿ͵֪£ү׵ģ 
ੲݣ̾˿Ȼͷ 
ϴô׽ѾǺܾúܾ֮ǰѾһ磬ǿֻǸСܵʱˣǿۿȵģͷȥ 
ġͳȥ˵иõİ취 






 75 

ʱڻ·Ҳ⵽أտ·ſȫƴ󿪣׽֮Ƶ·ϡ 
˾ǰ޺޵һ٣ͬʱ΢̣ͲϣۿҪӭײͣ·мʱʹ̣ɲ̥͵̶ĦУӲش˦βͷһϨȴ˾ǰȥ 
Ѿһͷ亹ʱڷֱڸʻϺͺ࣬ʱҲɫا䡣Ҳʱȴɫδģޱ绰 
֪ˡ֣Ϸѩϵ𣿡ߣѾˡʲôȷ𣿷ǿѾ 
̥Ħĳ͵ͣס˶ǰһԡ 
Ȼ֪ʲôʱҲͣһųղŸһſʱһع·ϡ 
үֲŵ˵ 
ûϢʱһʱҲû̹˲󣬸š 
һ³ʻϵıڹظ򿪳ţʱȻ³ǰ˼Ц
ô̲Ϊ˼ңʲô 
Ƭ̰һȫŴ򿪣װΪƵĺڵǿ粽³ߵǰγɼѹԵơ 
Ŵ򿪣΢Ц߳ľȻ 
ʱ΢΢һЦתش򿪺ţӭһʮҡ΢ֵˣѾ߰ףòʮϡ 
һǰһߵڵǵмվһڣȻǳڳµĽͷ·˵ͲʹƵģ
ʱ࣬һ顣øҰɡ 
ʱ΢΢һЦ׾˾˶ɱ½үҪֵ˫ַϡ 
վ½ߣɫһû䣬Ц˵½˾ţ 
½ǺһЦʱ࣬㵹Ϊ˿ҸȲ뿴Աıˡ 
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˵Ļһ½үϧиëʱ˵һֻɽҰĵط¶Աı顣 
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½忴һۣԭɣȳǮ˶࣬Ҹɶ޶Ӳ˾ȴܺϣ˵ʲô 
ʱһۣЦҪ˵Ļɿ˲żüãȫ 
½صͷʢʱ򣬾ʡң֪ʱԱȷֻɽӳɸհԶĺ侲͸Сµǿ׺ǿ۲ӣи衢ҷԴЩ˸ܣղ㶦һҶ󰡡 
žƵƵͷ½˵ֻϧ⼸һûס 
ǷЦʱɫѿ˼֡ 
ʱ֪࣬𣿡½еͬؿӳҪͶҵʱһΪأԾû뵽ôʧܣԼĽӰ㶼粻ס 
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ʱһӳɻûеóѣ 
½Цûҵû뵽û뵽ϸǰһʱ࣬ǲر⣬þʯΪһ򶯣ڰˣ 
ʱڳסŭûйϵ 
ôˣ½Ӹ˵˵Ҷĸ˵ˣû뵽ʵԼдɣ 
ʱüû˵ 
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ʱؿ½үңòΪ˽ôϴɣ 
˭˵أ½ʮϲӳˣǲǽӵĵ绰ǲˣǿǲҲĵ绰ˣ˵ͳεĴ֣Ϸѩˡһɲʱడʱ࣬¼ҹ˵ζô½Ц۾ɽҧ㼸ڣֻⷭˣ 
ʱҳ˽ʲôô 
ô̫ˡİķѣһĲҸɶ޶˳𣬻ܵòٵ̺ͺóӣܵõģ˶٣һЦ˭֪õʲô˵ţɲ٣ 
ʱ֪˵ֻ̣һԲ 
½廹Ҫ˵ʲôһԭǰ½ʱǲˣеظϹ 
ͣ£ͬ߳һµĺڵΪ׵߹кү 
½һнڵؽܵ䣬ʶʶǵĴʱࡣ 
ߴĳøӵһʱ࣬˵ͷ 
½һõЦݣʮϧؿʱࣺҵ˼һǹȥʵǺܲϧ̾໥ãҲֻ໥ԼȻҪţҲ̫Լ 
תͷСӣ˾뵽ϣǺúȥоأȥ 
΢Цӳӵĺҳһӣ߻ʱߡ 
ίˣ˾ˡЦ˵ʼʱࡣ 
ʱһ̵㵹ġ 
ᣬҪŵĿɲҡһûô񶾣һֵ̿ӣ˵ֻͶүûǱ¸Ҹү 
ʱü˵ˡ 
ζһЦ˾ˣ̫ˣҸϢҲõ㰲οɡ 
ʱ 
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ʱ仰ûзӦֻǶ½ЦɴЦ 
Цʲô½Ȥʡ 
Цү㣬ͷ֪ʱش 
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ʱûлشߵѾЦˣ˾Խ̸ң±ǧҪĴҰʼʱӣŭĿӣȴʼûбĶ 
үָСһ£ʱֻǿ½壬΢΢һЦĴˣ 
ΪֻҺ½Ϊʦػش𣬡ʵ㣬ǣֻ±ء 
ʱŶһȻ 
ڴķӦ￴ʲô½ֻı΢ƺо㣬ʱ˽㣺ľˣ㻹Ϸ䣿 
Ѿ˫ַʱ̬ǱȴưʤȯյǸΪ֪һ£֪ 
ʲô£ 
֪Ŀʲôʱ̧°͡ 
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½¶Ծȵӣһȴ²ס첲үСģһԶ㡣 
ʱһĻ֮Աǣڰ涯ֽţʱʱĺΪĲ֪Ұж˽ӴҲǿԽԽ󣬱ҪȫΪҪɫްһЩֻȷʵһΪģûʮɵİղ֡ 
½ʧ֪Ҫô 
ɱϾҵİɣ½үЩȻеңֻҪҷһɵ㣬ѵҲϧΪԸôҲһٶ֡۲½ı飬ȻЦôȻҲ¶ˣǾȻʱǰж 
½忴ıϧﱻڽµǸ㡣 
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ȷǡʱЦ½ү飬Ҳ̫ԩ 
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ʱɨ˶ȺһۣôĶڰ߲֪˶ã 
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 77 


ʱڵλȴһж۵ס 
һ˲䷢飬½һ£Ϳʼվ½ߵĳϾ֣ĸߴ΢΢һܱȫ˿źţϾУۼͶ̴ٵľȺ߰˸Ѫ֮С 
ʣµ˺޾֮ɫƺϵһĻ 
ʱԱߵͰȴͻȻıţһʱ޷ 
½£ղŲڽסһߵүүȻ̧ͷ䣬̼ȴǴ֪Ц⣬㿴үˣ 
ô£ʡ 
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䲻˵ȴ̧ɨ 
ж˵ղүӴ˭ 
񲻴һ񱻳ǰͻȻչҰã˫ŷվԭأŵҺ¡ⲻҵ¡ 
ô£ЦóöҩָүӴģ㻹˭һ֣ץסү𣡡 
ۿʱǰһƣʱĳȥǸոţͱץס첲˦ϣκ˫ȭ֣ܿ챻Ʒ 
û뵽䱧˫ۣűѺǰϹ˳үػģȻ 
Ѿ֪Լ˸ףҲ֪ɣȻ׳ЦããܸµҲֵˣ 
ޱ鿴ЦЪȥŵ˭˵Ҫ 
һ㶡 
䳶¶һЦݣ˵Լǲģ 
ʧɫʲô䣡㲻Ҫ̫ 
ʲô̫ЦʣȾ϶񫣬Ȼȥͬʱų˵үˣץסģл㲻 
䣡ɱңɫҰףŶҺԩ޳ΪʲôҪôԴң 
űһ·ϵϣ̫֣ĳСܺݺݴһȭ֪ǽ˻ô£ȻֹƵĿ·ϡ 
ʱ˫ֱ󣬸ղֱƵڵϣһֱûĲҾϾ࣬οԼɳһ亹̼䣬һӰѾֹվǰ 
㣬ʱ࿪ڣŷԼɬϿһҲҪԴ𣿡 
ҵǾ顣Цϧͬ⡣ 
ʱüͷ 
ΪԼ˽Ҹ㣬ǰǰңΪ˭ѵģʱ࣬Цݸӱ䣬صʡǴΣҲң뷨跨סУҸסһΪ⣿ 
ʱӣѹҺ½塣Ϊ϶һ㡣ֻ֣ҪһܣŬҳϡԥڲŶ־ˣ½ˣûšƾʲôʱ࣬ĺɻ󣬡ëƾʲô 
ʱɫӵؿȻһЦ˼棺ңô֪ 
üͷ룬һվ԰㰴˼϶𣿡 
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ʱ౻ڼʻϣ·ɫҰܣһ켣ǵľضʱȴһɴδϮͬʱϴģЦǵķ緶Ҳ֮Ųֻһ˫۾͸Ĺ⣬ҹйǵı 
̶ԹĿǰ·ʯֱСʱԶԶ죬ͻһԹ˲վ̶ƽ޲Ƭ̲뾯Ѵķ 
Զ־Ӱһͣ£ſ 
ɫӣɫӣ޳ͦΣɫԳһº޺Ŀ 
ʱȶȼҪմ粣 
ȴƵһ࣬򿪳ţӭһŹȵԶ 
ʱԶֻͨ˹ģƣǳǱȴһ·ǸһִֻʯǰԱ·ûжѿشӳ·һҲԶϵı龹ȻҲҲԼжôЦ͸һ 
ʱ࿴Զһ£ַԶִǽ̸ӶЦȻǲ 
˱۾ֻҡ




 78 


Զ߹ȴ򿪺ĳŰڷųɫѿҲ֪Ŀ˰ܣкܺõĽ֪֡˵˾ʲôɴ⣬򱾳ǵķȥһ˺üΣ֪ǲŵˡ 
תԶ˵еССִԶЭóһŷ⣬̫Ըؽ˼ʻһۣתһȳһյ򾯳ȥ 
Ĥģʱ֪Զһۣȴ·ֱʱ۾ƵģЩ΢ĲʱֻЦ 
ȵԶڻصϣű׾ȥ֮ʱԼ 
Ϣڸʻλϡ 
ʱ΢΢һЦڵô᲻үҪҵ𣿡 
˵ºһЩһЩе̫ңԼƵζ 
һĴŷǱ̨ϣƽЩڰõǮ˻˵ģˡǰøһЩҲҪˡзӺͳ 
ãʱЦ˵ߥռĵ̺ͳӡڷԼɣǿҲҵôҵģ 
мû˵Ȼſڣǿ˵ڱ㣬Сܡ 
ʱЦһûжԷǿֳӣǱߣ϶ҲҪ½ͷϣһӻصʮǰ 
Щ϶Ѳ㣬үַڳŰϣౣء 
ҪߵͼʱסٱĻͰһ˵ɡʱҲ벻׵ 
ɿüͷ¶ִɫ 
ʱ̾ӣ㶼𣿺ο϶Ҫߵģһ棬ҲԸ˵仰 
˲Զľһۣ֪̾ʲô 
ʱȴĬˣŤͷɫӷ·˼ڵΪʲôôǶˡȡ㣬ҡڲ˶޵ҲңЩȫ֪£ȡ㣬ûҲ֪ˡ㲻ϲڵϲ磬ϲ㣬ֻǲϻܹͣҪ̯ҷ㣬ΪһֱôҾȥһֱҳϣһֱߣֱϲϲһìһû취ĶҲʲôˣʲôĺģ 
ڸʻϴۣҧ֪ڹʲôʱȻ뵽ԴʹûԼһۣҪٲʲôȴˡ 
ү˵ʮʱҵһ档ʵ֮ǰͼ㡣һĵͳʲôͬ˵ʲôܲԸ˵飬ʱûô˵ʮҵʱ򣬼Ｘȥʱһѣͷ˷ܣ˵飬ÿ춼˵ү֪㿴ʱС£Ϊ˶٣ΪһΪҵĸס 
ʱһ£ϵıԻãȻ 
µǳҵģȻûпûпƣĹսĲ϶һ㵭Ľɫȥ·Լ˵ԼʲôҲû˵ֻ˵չ˺ҪڵҺףΪʲôֻᵽȴû˵ңΪʲôץҵ֣޳Ǹӡ 
ʱüͷĵһСϸӰ·ӲҳĻ߹ǲгɾ͸еĻ䣬ʱ෢ԼǸŮ˵ݣֻܻһֲȻЦݣʵЦʧˤʱ̵ 
ĲѰһЩʧ˵ļ䣬Ů˵Ӱȴʼģ̾һڵԭСʱ򻹺ϲҵİҸ˵Ҫһӵʱô 
Ҿúܶġͻأ˵ܳٿʱһۣŤһĳ⣬ү㵽׸һңңܹҵܵܡԸر㣬˵ģô꣬ûһ첻öġ 
⻰ֱ̫ףʱȻ׼Ҳɫѿ 
Ѿ˵úЩһֱûбѣ޷һжı𡢰ɻеҳϡĸĹʱһݡЩл֤ȫ꣬ȴͶκһƷԼ 
ȻûнΪʲôͻȻı䡣 
㣬ģҲˣʱ׷ʣΪ˾㲻ǴӦңҪ˳ңҲûеֿȥҡ˵˵㣬㵽ͻȻͬ⣬Ϊʲô 
ǾܶѾ˵ĶνˣԺܸɴصش𣺡ˡ 
ʱһ㶣û뵽ôһţ༰Ļش 
ӳɴˣˣ˽һڲֿѪġ 
ʱüͷûע⡣ 
ʲô֪֪׼ͷӣǸõСܣҶԲǡ̾ү㲻ϾȺεʱҷǳġû뵽Ҳˡ 
ʱе𾪵ؿܶȻ˷΢΢𣺡㲻ˣںڵԲѡǸСӣߣʲôһ˳˰ɣӣҲԲٻȥһкܶǮǿԡ 
ڻعͷ峺ƶү˵ˡΪԶҲŲ£Ϊˡ 
ЩΪӶᣬЩΪ䡣ҲЩˣһˣԼøã棬ֵð͵ˡ 
ʱձ仰ܣ˷ܵɫϣȴѾЩȻ 
תͷ򾯳ķԶ֪ʲôʱ˳һַųţǵؿķ 
Ҹˡ˵ƿš 
ʱкܶ໰Ȱһջᱻ뿪ɻᱻ׷ɱ㲻Ҫ̫ֻиҲʤġЩ﷭ţʼ޷˵ֻȻءءűʻȥ 
ֻؿϳţ̬ͬеĹȻ΢Уɫ£·ҹɫ·ϵӰѪһ·Ǹ΢Цŵȴˡ




 79 

β

һ·ڷֵԶתһ˾ͷһۣġʲô 

ʱûоԼ˱ҡ뿪·Ϻܴһ˶һ˥ʮꡣ 

Զס֣ôԵʲôôģתͷһ۲ŻͷүүʶҸĸŹүүǷиͼʱʱ½һҸĸɣҸĸĿƵʱֱɱΪѰůҵĸףĸ׵һЩױţ¼ʱһЩ顣ͬ¡붾Ʒ֮һӦȫ⴦Ҫúʹð 

ʱع£ͼѰԼĵط룬һɱͺˣûе͹Զͺˣٶһͺˣƺռͺˣ룬һжü㱻ȳӱƵͶ·ӳɸϲĸΪˣΪʤľʵڲ˵ͷֻҪܷᡭ 

ͣ컪ͷЦҾǵɣڹٳϵĹϵҲһ̸ڣһҪŬЩȷʵҵĳ롣û¶Ұݰݷ㣬ҲĻܻڱֽϿ 

أʱ࿿αϣǸʱǲǸԶһ𣬻Ѿ˷ַֺϺϡǶν룬Լڴˣ׷Źҵ֪ѵʱжô£ԴȻԴ 

ŲԶһַһ˵Ӧ컪ٶ࿪һ· 
ԶִϣƹС·Ĺ䴦ҿɲӦǵˡ˵ĴչȥĶ䣬ϲһ· 
һ£ȴøЩ໥һɽ·ԶԶһҳļڵǣվŵģһżء 

ʱ಻֪˶ãһֱһͨĽγͣԱߣӾܿһźµΡ 
˴򿪺˽һ磬нζ 
ʱüʣ˭ 
ˡŮ΢΢һЦһ֧ܣϧǶҩҪ֪û۵ʱǳĶҩʹ 

Ķ𣿡Զʡ 
˴ˣǸѧ˺ó嵥ҵúࡣſαϣһߵͷһ߶ߵ˵磬ԭǿЦҸһѽ 
Զŵؿֻ۾ţֻʱԳ񣬲΢΢һЦǰ 
䣬ͱԶһ¡ 
ͷССľ̾Աߵ˾мؿһۺӾ
˵ʦˣߣ 

ʱؿαϣҩʹ޷ƶһָͷֻܿŮ˽⿪ӣ׵ֽһǹȻ֣ʹǹڶ׼̫Ѩ 
õģŮڶߣ㲻κʹࡣ 
ʱĬؿźӾ濴һܴĵ羵Ǻһ˫ı۾ 
ɱֵ󿴵ľ 
תߣ뿪ķ 
һֱûбۡ 

Ĭţͷʱķ 
ĺɫǱʲôεĶţԶչ°ʹļϣʣʲô 
ûжҲȥ¡ 
ԶЦǶȥˣ뽫°ɡ 
һعͷĿƬ̣Сĵشһַֿ΢΢Цţһ 
ǰŸţûпƵƵźӾأҲ΢΢Ц 

žɨһ³ڣȻ߳ȥ 
ժ½˼Ѫĵ羵ϵĺɫ·һԼӵĺ 
Ȼ˳һ绰档 
ƽʱĳǰһ䣬ƿ˵ϵѪһ·ƽ侲ؿ 
ž鵭ĮؿǰҰǻ貵ĳУң̼ջ 
ļңǵģҲս 
Ǻܶ˵ս 

˯ˡ 
רĿ 
Զû˵ļļߣǵ۾ûпű˴ˣǵ΢Цǵ⡣ 
ԱһǰԱһĻŮӣƽϲãǰİ᫣һ·ǲǷʲôǵõʲô 
ǲ뿪磬ʻ硣 





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