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 1 

ѵ
ˣ
һоڣ̽⣬ںڵһƬʲôҲڻŹʲô𣿡
һϤ˻ƵҲԲеŹػūȥơ
ȵȣ˫ַϴ̨һԾˣҸһȥ
Ź˰ΣžؽУӴҵСӣôִӴѽ̫ûˡ
ٺһЦģû˿ġ
Źˣᣬ̾˿ûٶ˵ʲô˵ƣǰ档
Ҳ֪ô׷ʲô飿֣ں档
ĪǽСè˻裿Ź²⡣
ȥ˾֪ˡ˵

***

һںڵġǸ˰ɣ֦ϴ˴ƺպô˿ڣһû
Źûͷһ
ǣū֪ˡŹεǰѵƽԼǺˣӹǣҲǶʮˡ

---

ϵƺתѣоڣǰ̽ӡ
أأһһأۺ󣬿һźܳ󣬺˵ֻۣҪһ衣
ƺ˯˹ȥ˸Ƿ׼ذǰ飬ۡ
ˣ˻ƶõ
еˡ˵಻ÿˣӦûһɤӵġ
˵ֻȥһˮһһιȡ
ţڲõһźÿҲܺõġ
˵𣿡д룬Цʡ
ţ񿪿ڣлȡ
ЦµҩһĶ̫ǿš
֮ô˿ڿʼʹʱӦʮ˯ǣΪʲôȴԽԽѣ
ղˮһҩ˯ҹˣ뻹Ǹñһѣ˯
Īۣ΢һ£ֹӲŻˡ
ҪƽʱϳɵǾԲ˵ģΣǻ˯ֻյԵʰɡ
׼ߵİȴסͷ΢Цǻû
ڶһ׼ذĹͣסͷвŵЦǻû𣿣
Сʱұ˶˴ԣߣԶ鼯вעҲС
𣿶Ŀϰ̺۵ת̶̵ʱ䣬ס˫ĺ
棬е㡭̣ʮ˭֣
Сʱﻮġش𣬡ɤҲǡŪϹһֻ۾ûġ
ȣôף
ţᡣңŻ
ţü
⹬֮͢УòδǸԾͶ΢ЦΪ̫Ư̫ɫںʡҵԣﱻ乬ʧƵŴò˴ѹ裬ǲų²ߡ
ǰ˵ûһ㶼ϧʹ࣬غܵ
ѽСĽ˺ܶ飬ǻ̫ҮţΪƽʱûһ˾ͺĹͷˣǲ˼ЦЦе㺦ߵԼıͷˣҽа
һ£뿪ڣҽж񡣡





 2 

һ˯𴲣˿ڻûôʹˡһ£Ȼе㲻ţȻ´ˡ
Ųǰ˾޵һĻ
һ۵԰裬µů紵һý޵һ˵ƷһĻ÷羰ֱ˵
õһĻƥһų˵һжֻԵù졣
ͻȻͣ˶Щɻ󣬼˹ΪԼƿߡ
ĩˣ̾ԶŹһʲô
ɡŹؼش
Ŷ룬ֿʼ֦
ʶҡҡͷŲش̣ͷӣۡȻ󡭡جΰɣǳֵų

---

ҪҴȥеԾ
ţպҹʮգͷҳʹ΢Ц
Ϊʲô񲻽⡣Ȼƽ֮ˡ
Ը΢΢ͷϣڹƽسʮ꣬Ȼ뿪ԶҪ
ߵߣǺڰһƬ΢΢֮̾ǰҲˣд̿ек͹֮˾ˣ˻߱׷㵽ⲻ۵ĿɽСԺкܶ඼ǽˣ˵ԴߡԸҵءҾʮˡ
ôȷҪȥʡ
ǸʲôˣлĻкܶǱڵΣգǱ磬Ծɰȫࡣ
ţԸô̾ãȻҲǷǳȥġҲãʱ㣬һԵ֡
ôҪźһУŹ
Ǹܺð졣ҵ־ͽаĸգԲʲô⡣Źҵļ͡ҳ壬ͷǹû˻עҵġҵòǱҳӵŪ˵ġ
Ű˼òŵ㶼ƻˣ
ЦŴ󷽷ͷ
ô㲻ѯңֻڸңǡ
Цȥص£ͷΣɳƵ𣺡Ȼѯ㡣Ը⣬ѵһǿô
һ£µֻüԴ˶ļС
㵱Ȼԡ˵һȻǸȨġ
̧ͷ˶һЦʹʹֲлл㣡

---

ʲôӵ˼ҪһߣŹһǾϲͳɡ
԰һȻ
ǣһ̫࣬Ź̾ȻǺһû
ͳһСƿģ׼
ǣŹʡ
Ҳ档֣˶ڣƺԶ˺;ϲľٶ
Һȵĵһҩͣе˵ǺȻ
˼ǡŹЩȻǰĺӣⶼõ
ôܸ˵һ⾿ô𣿡ʡ
ţˣɤӾͱˡͣԱ˿һ˵ҵļŹĻҲⶾ֡
ĳǣıôôһ˿©ġ
νȷɣһдȥʱҾͿʼ˼ˡ
ôĸʱأ
һ졣
֪Цֻ̾΢ЦŰ





 3 

лҪ˵~ʥڿ~
ٴθоˣһֻ˵Ǿϲ˵εġʲôǳȥǰڻʼɽ죬Ȼ˻ʹ˳ϡ
ںöɵʿǺǣڳҮ
תĶ΢Цл
شòªԴ㶺Ļ̫ˡ
ˣһֱܺ棬һֱֶˣΪʲôҪȥҼѽ棬ǰҪôǵҪôѰҪô͵飬һأ
üͷʵ棬쿪ԹԵڮ󣬡Ҷһǰ޸㸸סһƺҲ֪ٳȥɵġƺСıˣԲŻԺ
ŶûмأʣûмǾ̫źˣ
ûмԺлġ΢Ц㣬޹ʣҪôأ
ð졣ŵЦЩ
һС﷭
ϵһ֯ưϷֵױƣֵһŮĶָؤϵ
Щ˸ҵģǻöҩϰ䣬˵ҳȥ˰Ů޸ҡЩ̫˼ǲס;һרдһֽš˵
񳹵ױˣðɣЩҪңα齭¡
𣿡˵۾ţҲ֪Ƕء
ȻȸһᶫЪЪţ㣿飬ҲҶı𣬲ȻûдлҲ
𣿡ʡ
Ȼáŷ
ţлл㣡˵ػش
ţļһ̫ˡ

---

ڽһ˴αǧȻԸδ죬Ҳû¼˳ϸճԴǧ粻ϤĳֻˡǱëķˣԱ֮
һ·ϰ˼ˡڻʹԺʮꡣԾΪòĹϵ㵽߶ϴӳ⿴Ѿܿˡ
ͬĶΪɴñòȴĿȾһ·Ҳ
ĵó̾ͻöݣȻѾ˽϶ҡ

---

εҵǶѮ彡ʵĸĸǰ˵潭֮ѶĸҲһзִ硣ҵĽţ̳ҲǶ̹Ů
˴ſڣ涫Ųǰư۾ʳǣһ㲻ܳ谮סưܵ乬ûм档
ɴҲܿɫЦҡҡͷһڻʳǵӡ
סöԡ԰˵Ժȥ˾ˣҲʱЪϢ
𣿡Ц۾ãһʤ߼ܸСԺǺޱҲؾ³Ժ˻ȴȻյܶرȻҲİյãȴҲĸл
ȻĵЦݣҲЦֻЦһԼҲûע⵽ĳ硣
˴ĸȻ²Ųʣǵĵģڼˣĸ̵Ⱥ
̣ǰԼĳǰָá
ȥôãûͷע⵽λˡ
̣ҸܣǰӣŲǰˡ⣬Сɽȣżһҵ䣬޿޴ȥǼס£Ա飬ɺãһټ٣ȴϿСʮˣı书ϳˡ
̡ɿڣ·Ŷ̸ҵĴС顣
˻õЩɻ󣬿ǰ⣬Σɴñ
ʱͽܣòȥŲĻҲⶾ֡͡
òˣẉ̂ԲҡҲ˵
˼ʮ꣬¼𣿰ӱǣƣ˵ơ̺Ͱ
ԣԥƬ̣ջȡɴñ붫ദգϰǰ̹Ȼ¶ˣе㲻
ϸϸ̾ҲģôͶһСصĶ֣϶۰ɣ
ۣ̣Ҳȥʮˣ粻ˡش
Ļش̵Ļ뿴ϵˣȷʵе۵ĸо
̵ͷһ֪ǸԺӡĸҲǵԵ֡Ȼ޴ȥǾͰѶҵļңҲ˸ɵ۰
лл̣ͨת䣬Ҳûѧαƴ֮࣬ԸܱĽܣԸܵͨҲֱ˵תܾ˶ݼͺˣԺԻر
ֱ̼ЦŵͷҲ̾ͺãĸҲۡ
Цǣ̡
ԣ;ۣȻϢɡٴúһѰֵܸܽáӽԺסԷܼҴȥ̷Ը
ǣ̡˻ش

 лҪ˵~ʥڿ~




 4 

ŰȥԷ
ס԰ͷԷߣʱҴȥԲӶˣԺ·߱
ŶӦ߶ʵѾ·ˡҲգʱ·ͿˣŲҲԴ·ġ
ԷԸ˼䣬ԼסԺӴ㡣
źŲţԼ˷ţϸϸ۲Ժӡ
ȻʵԷԺ˺üҶһˡѹ˻ڣֱ֦ҶïһЩɳεСʵ档
ձչǸҲȽϳˣѾȻֲˣϲ¶˷ţӭȥʹҪʲôԸū澺ȥ㡣
ʽôƺأʡ
ūС
ţ㲻صģʲôҪĻ߽ġЦ˵
㰵ϸϸ飬Լ˵ļ仰УѾܸܵϣǾͺãǹͣǿɵá
ѽէܶĹضҪء˵ˣ⸮߶Ǵɴñãǲأ
Ц˵ﳤסѵԶҲĿˡ
죺ҵġ
ӵʱͽǰɣֲǹӵĴӷģҼֻ̣Ļ뷨أӿɲҪ԰ءϸȰ
ţҾġЦ
ڹʱӴֻŹճƷ̫๬ŮԳ֪Լòˣֱһ󴳽СԺǸεεŮӣȻҲǼģǵһۼҲûιȥӴ֪Լòԭ㡣õǣЩȻһۼᱻһһʱദ󣬱Ҳ֪Ըύ
ңҲŶҵ˺Ͷһ˱ʹܣҲϰ߰ɡ

---

ȻŴڷʱС䶯һҵķ޶ŵô
Σһʱվڴ֪ô졣̾ȥǣ˶ߵλã£Լߡ
ԣޡ޶ĸĸߺźӣ̧ͷ˼˵ӶԲƽʱģǰոպñ˽ٳֹǴҲа̺ۡʧˣ
ûϵǰ֪ӦһµġҲǸ
û£Сϰ߾ͺáӵĸĸ˵
ԣֱܷ˵ıԺûˣ֪ǺˣͲẦˡҲοߵ˶
ҽܡЦſڣλյһ·ȥɩĽ㣬߸硣ֻǱߵǿ޸ͣС޶󡣡
Ц񿪿ڣСǴɩĸαж졣Īڿ֡˿ɹúܡ
ƱܣǶ˵ˡԺ󶼱⣬һˡȸһ
ã硣æ붫īһ
󶫷òˣ˵ʲôֻôƫġðǺһȦ
Щİҵľƶģ㣬°Ȳ¡ɿһȦĲͷһ
ƺ㣬ǿ΢üͷ
ҲûгǿЦǰڱߵСԺʱԼȣ֪ǿ١лģԼûзִô
СӻǸƹ߸¾ƱЩε롣
̣ʵԷһЦһˡ
ֻСͷҲˣһ˫뿴¿ˣʵЦճСϯΨһС˶
īЦŽӹһͨ͸峺Ʒ˵̫ˣ͸Сƺ̫˷ˡ
񵹺棺ŸСʲô
ЦŽͣҵĶƽʱš
С͸ˡīݻ
ûϵġ΢ЦСҲòţ᲻öѰԵ͸ҲһҪС죬Ժҿɲٿˡ
һ仰˵ôЦ¿̾ĻѧõĶ߬ŵǲ˵һ˫ضŰ
΢΢תͷŰȻ̸ЦİСǲ˼飬ӣӷӦòҲãֳɹһ٣תۼշһССģղŰ׵һҲСӻڰϻ

---

㷹Է˵̫ҲһϾģľˣȻöչˣȻСӿࡣ
ųԱСӣϣ۾Ƶĺˣǵۺۺ졣һţŲˮһûһظš
ʲôҪĻǷȱģʡ
ţ˻飬Ҫ飬顣
ʲôģ
ҪֻҪʶ־С
ãҷԸȥ͸Ų豭Ҫ
Ȼǿѽڹطлƽݣǧڣ񡣺ٺ٣֪ұ࿴Լ֪ʶͼʶҲ֪ҪֳЦء
ʧЦؿڹèһˣЩʶǴѧģ
ˣ˾ϴϴϴ˯ˡ
ţҲͿˡ۸˵
ֺֺЦҡҡͷС˵Զôֱӣ˵˾䣺ǡȻҲϵ뿪
Ϸèһ˯ȥ
ǰŲŸ̤ȥĶ˵̤㿴һĻ̾ҡͷǧᱧϡ;ϴϴһֳŨܵĽëһһģҲۺۺģͣǼܣ٣ûǼỊ̇һӡ
˶ŵϣǺãԼϸĵĶһ㶣ȻЦЦȻԣԼƺѾϰ߶˸ܵ۰ˡ





 5 


СӸ̫ʦεǰ±߿衣ʵҲֻעˣб£ĲǱŴ˵ƷʣԾ𣬵ҲǾޱˡ
ȻעܼУ鵱ȻҲǿ־ͷ߽Ŀת𴦣ȻԺſһ̽ͷ̽ԵɫӵССӰ
Сүʲô·˰ɣҲǰѯʡ
ǣû·С޶ûŶҡ
˵С̽ͷ˿µİꡣ
ҰүģЦʡ
ͷ
ЦŷУǾҰүɡ˼ҿǲŸģɲ۸ޡ
ţͷ󣬱ȥɵЩӵģԽ߽˽ŲҲԽˡ
ЦؿǰС˶֣ʲôˣ
еİ񵯹
Ŷˣ㻹Ƥʮ궼ûһϾͻˡҿ
СŲǰϵһ󲽣һһܵӡ
װûпľٶͷϤоӣƤˡĩ˻ͷЩƤȻ޲һսһõĵ졣
ӹԴ˵һ䣺лл塣
лǣҪ𣿡һǣյ
ͷܽԶʳԷһССĹҺǺܴջ
ȥɣԡЦСú塣

---

»ܼҰɺʱܼҳһſЦõ棺үСү̤飬ϵһ˵ҪС²ȥء
񳶳ǣ
ܼҴ·԰һðһһӰĸ˵￴ճС񣬵һ׿ţүˤ
죡񺰵
һһԼавˣӼܺҲȥ¶Ļ
Цһһ˴ȱµС˶ݺݵ˰һۣȻ콻Ů˴
ɫ̫ãתתٺ٣Ǹ
֪֪ʲôôߵźˤȥô죿ѾʮôСһ֪شСûῪڱ㿪
Բ𣬲ôͷϴ̬á
쵹ûʲôСѧϰṦĿû˵㣬ֱԼˤ𣿡
ҲṦġСֹ
ȥҿء
̫ˡСС˵
һ§ס
һ˵ְ壬첻ãӲҪȥСġ
Сͷŵÿޱӣ͸˼һǿ׳𣿡һ۵ССͷ
岻ǻˣϲͰһ档ش֣˺òã
Сͷȥ緹ɡ
û֮⣬͵͵һ
һμ񷢻𣬺ơˡ

---

ں˸ȣҲСԣ˼죬㲻˶յĽѵǿշ£쿴С׽С㣬ӹúòȫȫֲȥµͯꡣȻһжżҴ˽еġ
ҼҴҵܵ˵̻веƷ̣ҲҩھֵȣҲǲ뽭һˮ˵Ҫ塣ĸܹܣŮָȫؿķֵ꣬ﱲĳмڽһ⣬Ҳɢȫء
԰լＸ˵ӰֵңȻҲȷԸ˱˵ġ
춫ܣҲǰѴլ˸飬ֻɼǲ·Ҫ̫ϵĻôֻжųһһܻصСԺԵ·ı£ԺֻҪһͷֲ˰ӰԼҲ͹ԹԵȻԷšһΣϰ죬ȵ嶼Էˣ廹ǲӰ
ֺֺЦ콲˴˲ʱĵص㣬ȻǣС֣ȥѰ·δˡ
ڴ԰󲻼ģֱȥ԰һԺӣ߶߽ˣȻµ˶ڶԱߣЦ١
Ҳһ߽꣬кá
һǣС죬̱ɫͷЦЦСӣҵأҲһʶģȴƵƵ˽ãСҲǣҲǡЦö࿪һ͸Ӽèһϸ
磬ô԰ˣЦٰѰСİɣ
ʲôСҵСüëҲһ˵ĵܵܡ
ǣСܿ󣬿󡣡ЦȽƺ·˰ɣѰԺӡҲ֪⼸ڼˣģֻеٿ飬Ա˰粻ɣ
ô᣿ЦƳһ۰ܶӴ˵ȻǸá٣ܱºӺá
ˣʱһƬڰԭ֪ˡɰеһزصȺС죬СӣôͰˡ
ŶںЦ⸱͵ӣԭҲǵƤһ
ɲǡбۿͷø͵ˡ
飬׵ԼΪ顭һȻǿʲôʲôΪʲôҪ̣ܽؼԼ¶ţʱĶ񡭡ѵﵱĵҲСˣ
ˣҲǸó緹ʱˣҸպһȥ˹١һ
ȻذѰǰߣǲԾرƣӣЦҡҡͷϡ

 
лҪ˵ѽȻû˹עɣˡǱߡ




 6 

ڻˣҲ԰죬ҲȤǽʱѰߣһ㡰ܡͷЩ̵Ҳðٽġ
ҲÿǰȥԷϣֻж죬˸棬˼죬Ҳ԰ߡ
кҩ̡ҲǶĿģ߶˸ɴñˣҲû˺ǰѯʣððȻԵá
ͶҩмоųżҩﲻˣҲÿźͰҩҪؼʱȥһ𡣵ǼڰڲͬҽöԶԶֻĦԲʵ
ÿҲóʵ֣΢΢ǣԼӻʹģԼΰɡ˶αϱȫɽӣ֪ʲôʱˣԶ硣Цҡҡͷɤӣе
ڿϴҩİźܳ⣺ûأ
ҽҪȥͥͷһˣȥֱӻؼҡ͡
ŶͷƾĶĶԸȻġ
ȥкȻ߰ɡ˵
ٳʱ㿴ƥͷ
ȥ𣿡ϲ˵
ȥҪһʱ˵أش𣬳ǣ𣿡
˵Ҳᡣ
㷽ôʲôȻڴʵڶ֮УǣƥҲֻȸҹʱٽ
ţЦ
Ȼһ֣Լǰ档һѰ˻㶣û׽ͻȻ;ò˼ɴñŵҲ֪ʲô飬ֻһ·ϰֻһʱһ

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ͷ֪ԭֻǰ紫ֻһͺãԼҲûû˶񻳱Ľž˿ȻԵÿΧɫ
ͻȻűߣһƵˣȾǰûˮߣסֻǿİûӦѱ˦ˮС
Ҳ˴æƲڽ˺£һˮε˶ס§סԼĲӣƽϢһ£ſѯʣû°ɣ
һڣɴñҲˣδȴЦû£Ǻ˺üˮˮ죬´Ӿɡ
ֺֺֻЦ룬ƺҲǰķӦǣһ»˶ŶȻס򰶱ȥ
ϰæŰ·šɣͻȻͼס˶һ˫ڰ״۴ЩֵѯʣȴĮȻо䱻һӲס׹
ҪƽʱôЭ˸书ֱԼҲΪ˰ǰ̾ԹԸˡ

---

˱һѾƾõĳ˵ˣæȭңˡ
˵ȫʪģӸԵĻ鷳Ȱ׸ɾǻǿҲС
ʱӦش˸硣
úãλԵȡ˴
ǮæֹסȻؤһ֮λ׼ѵǮҲеġʵ¶ʹʲôթ
ؤؤиֳʲô벻üͷѵüע롣Ҳֻϻؿš
ˣ𣬺һң˿üͷ
ЦؿѺһŵֽԮ֣һҳؤϵ˳ͷ´αֽϣ
ҲҪǵסֹ
Цҡҡͷ̧ͷµˣɫ֪ºδ˸»߹¿ķϣλϵľˡ
ҪȴüҪһҪһôԶһ˵ջҪ
̾ǱӱСӸжˡٸ֣δðóѣһסֹľٶɵϣһһֵ겻ʱֵġ
˭ֵˡӣֻ֪Ҫ㣬Ҳױ
Ҳ֪۰Ц̾¿ؤ˵ɫ¸ǲ׷ŰˡҲգǸҲܱȫ
ǡ¶ɡ
ϵٰ˵
˳һ£ŵؤʮһϣͥһλǰֻ붫Ұæ
Ŷ˵ü
ھһǵİӣֻҰæƵӡ
ھһڴкã
Ҳ֪ҳϵҺʹֻĻзˡ
Ϊβֱϵһ󵱼ң
ϵȹһ²ϵ鷳󵱼ңܣ벻һЦ뾪Ҳǲȷܷɹ˭֪ȴбôҲ֮⣬һ࿴òª˻ƵۣղŶ˵Ǵϵľˣ
ҲǡһۣһҲûɿ
µ·͵ˣһһᣣ˽ȥ
ڽԼʪ·񲻾ͷһ·¶ѩ׵Ƥϸܶýʵ壬ͻȻһŷԼæٻ·ٻͷҲѻãֻƺȻںȥ߸ϵãҲ޷
ƿӳ˸µˣǳһǰϴǸ˵ԲλˣŵõϢ˵ھѾͻ·ˡҪίλһȥסڡ






 7 

Σɲ˵ˡЦЦһϻڴϵķϣʱҪǳʲôӣλܱһ
⻰˵ãֻҪʱȥھֵ˺ú˵˵ʲôأһǰЦһͥ
Ըˡߡ
ؤҲһɣƽʱҲЩ£ơ롱æǣ˰϶ǲɫġ
еԭ¡һȭλ롣
ͰɢʪҲȥˣؤ˱Ҳݲǣ˹һƥǰ󶼸ʮˣǿˡ
һڣټ緹ûԣ۵ûȫѽ˶۾ȻҲ˫ְȦεģˤȥ
һҲǳ磬ǲʮ׷˶ھֵѺʹӡ
һˣǰ󻹸ؤˣͣӵǰѯʶ񣬿ǳʲô£
̾ؤѡ롯Ұæ棬ڲˡ
ھֵ
һǸӣȶʦ˵ã˵ȻǰȥΨһǰӡ˼жڣҲû
Ǹ۵ĹྐྵӶأ˽Ҳţϵм߻첲ȶ˵ڳҲˣպ͸
һͷͬɫ̫õһɫȻֻͷǹʣأ
üͷһ£ŶóһС
һһѶһǿӵСʯһȴɫҰףֽӻǹô£
ţҼСиҴֵǵıʯϾǸýΪ񰡡ش
ǣѾͷأһʡ
С㰡ǰö˽ˡƤͷ
˵棬ԽǣҲˣ۾ԹԿţҲһ
⣬⡪ǱѾͷһһҡͷ߷߳ϡ
磬û¶ȥ׷Ѿͷ׷ϵġһο
׷ϿСǰ·ڿ˻ɽˡǹ˵
ɽȥɽʲôҪϾǣһһ
СǶıֻǸССѾߣô֪˼أЦ
ãȥǣ磬΢ˡһǰļ硣
УϷ򲻷ģߣϻɽһͷ
תۼһȺ˱㼱ϼ·ˡ
һֱϹ۵ĶһͻعǣͷԻ˶磬Ҳȥ
ðΪʲô⡣
㲻ǰұ֤һ˾ԻַǷЦ㲻α齭αȫɽķ羰Ҳ㲻ء
ˣҲЦãȥ֣֮ǰһ¶𣿡
ҲҪȥɽʿɷСŮ̺أСԸˣҪ;Ⱥסˣ⾹ҲͲˣֱȥɽ̺ǰѯʡҳĿɸǺÿˣҲǣǰҲǣֻǸݳª˵˭أУû˰ɡ
һ£ҲãڹղᵽĹ͹С£ɷʹ
ٺ٣Ȼ֪СҲö˵֪ǵʱֱСȽϺá̺ƤһЦ
ǺáҲǿ
ңͷǰڲˣҪȥ?
ȥҪҽ𣿡ȥæתϵң˵ҺͰȥɽһˣҪġ֮ǰһƥõˮүɶˡĩ뵽ʲôɻ
˵أ̺һЦ
Ǿͽͷ
֪Ҫʲôʱ򡣡̺˵ǣֱӱ㷭
ššüôҲ
ͷ㡣˵߽ӹͷĸˮٽ԰ɣСıҭš
˵˸𳵶ӣͷ·
Ŵˮķֵ̧ͷʣ㲻Ҳû緹
Ҳû취ԣ㿴ֶֻ״
ι㡣˵űضһˮʪˣع͵ߣ԰ɣԲҭ
Ҳҧ¡ػأѶιˣԼʼ˰ȻһԸе̺쿴ˣϲ֪ðļƤȻĿбǰװûһĻ
Ա˺ˣƵʣ֪Ƿż·أһ·Ͽû㼱·
С˵ˣҪϷõȵһºһµʱ䣬ȥɽ´ˡû©˵ĶԻֻǿ羰˳ֵġҲôӢĹһ𣬵ȻǸ




 8 

һҲˣ˶ɴñţ˼ջͶޣ˶ٺõģϢȥˡ
ķöǰŵġҹ֮಻Ӧصƹŵģǹ龫ֿͲ۸ѾͷŲġ
ҹǳߵĶȻ죬̾ǺõĲ黵顣ŵشӴƵ˸ڡ
ԭһ˼ɴñּϸģΪǸŮװǰҹţż㲻ûɫ£ٸҲǿԵġ
һᣣ¹⿴崲˵ĳ࣬˷˾ţæ´ᣣͷûֵǮĶȴһӰǰ
ЦһѴ˵ѨӰ˴Ӵ˳ȥٻͷôĶСȴûһݾŵζǰһȻ˯ġ
ϰԵ̾ѰŲŲԼҲϴȥĥ´Ͷ޿ջ͸ɴСһ䣬Ҳʡ˷ѷǮȻ˯ȥ

---

峿۾ͷЩ۶ۣţŲˣתͷһʵŵ˵ϢȻǶ
ҷʲôͷһȳŨ̵Ľëʵ
ңҪҹֻС类˳ԸĨͷʣˡ񲻿˵
üͷ⡣
ָ㶺СԴͣ˽ݣٲƽɫ
ģ۾
ôôСӾϲھš
ô֪Ȼвʡ
һʼͱҩŪ߰˰ˡ񳶳ǣʲô
ôŪأҲ˳ʲôǰֻС˵һ桭
ǳ鴤ðɣӦϰֵ߰˼·ǣˣȻˣϴɣҪ·
ȴһ£Ȼַͷ
ôˣæʵ
ͷۡüͷ
ôַۣ̽ͷ̡
۶۵ۡ˵
ô᣿£ȥҴ򿴿´
˰ɣʵҲûôڶͷһۺС࣬ۡ
һǰں֢أ˵ţϴƣԺȫɵ˲Ҫһӡ
ŶԹӦ˵ʵҲǸ

---

õĴˣ˰죬ȷûʲô󰭣õĺ֢˼Եҩˡ
˴򣬶ص£ʣڻ𣿡
ҡͷۣˡ

¥緹ôЩʱѾ̺ͣڿλãʲôˣЦʣôô¥û˯ȥʲôô
̺˵ЦˡðٴλãԼߣ˵ߣð԰ɴñԷ
̺֪ϸĹӣ֪ԺλҷˣǿҸˡ̺Цָ
ԣ΢һ£˼źۼؿһרĳԷˣЦŻصо֮Сĵܵܣкܶ²ȻҪΪ㡣
ĳһҷ緶̺ЦҲ޿һ۰
ֻǵЦſʼԷ
԰Ǻܹû谮Լĵܵܣʲôô

---

һ·ɽˮ羰μУ澡˹񫣬һҲڵ˻ɽ
ɽңĴ֮һСֵһ֮ƣҲѧ书汸Ϊִǫͣǽʿһ׷Ķ
һǰб˷Ż˵ؤֵǵľܱｫɽðõֺ䶯Ǽ٣к˻˿ֵϻɽҵµʱԿƣҲָǰɽҲղҴ˴ѣҲǰ
Ե˵˻ɽµСʱƽʱƽСطѾַǷҿջҲסˡ
ôס⣬ȴ̺գգ۾ʾߣҲȻϡ
һϣϻɽ·˼֣ҲʡڰѾΪհǹԹԱڻһ㶼໰
ǰ·ãߣ·ԽͣҲ˲Уǣߡ̺ϰ֮ˣɽȨӹǣ˰ûϰٲѾòУΣֻñ·
ŰǿĨıóѵЦ̺쵹ǿһҲԣֻ΢΢Цţڶ档

---

˻ɽҴſڿŵһ̺죬ϿӭСˣ
̫ȣССһݣȻ̺Цӭҡ
ˣֻһӯӯŮӴӴЦӯӯ̺֡
㣬飬Ҫ̺
ãҪʲô㶼Ӧ㻹ɣһıӣ㻹ҴλͲǣ
ǣݺͳƺͲ˵ˣ׸˵δأδ̺Ƥ˵
һûõͷ΢Ц£˵ұϣºŲ裬Ǹ
ҲáҲЦһԲ֪ʲôİý˴
Ը˿˲裬ԶŲ赽ǰңҲĨǣСָΪ顣һǲҲΪֺ޸ĻԼΣ󵨣˽ǱĲǣڴҲͬԼ




 9 

ЦԼýǶҵϱ𣿵ʱ˽͵ŪСӵ־ͳˡ
ԣʱˣ̺죬̺æ˫֣˵ģʲôû˵
ҲµġôҵĲ²ûˣϱ
ҹȻϡ
Сҡü
ǣ硣ҲЦˣ磬ⱭɣСþġ
ӹˣԻͳһ壺ǵʱ͵ЩܱˣղǱҲǱܷˡ
л硣ӹǸ⣬ܶԲס磬ҸСõĶСá
ڤڤעĻתŵˣι˴ôҲû˰ɡ
ɴñ޹գ۾Уû
е˻ɤֱӵ˵ʽɴۣЩţˣ
ȡɴñЦЦǵģþò㡣
㣡˵þòɺã
Һܺãжչˡˣ㵱ҵġ
ͳöɢɫıʯĽָڼȻּˣҲòˡ
˼ЦЦת򶫷ͣСҹ̽ʹֺˣҵðȣʱָֻΪԭ¡
û¡Ц̯ϵĽָӻĽң˵ⶫ㻹ţҶʡý˵ûб㡣
Թҡ
ˣΪεڶֻеϱڣҼСأʡ
ٴȤˡĨΣɷǺÿǰɽ£δ
Ŷͷ
ôͰʶأЦʡ
һǸԹŵİ򵥽ʶȻһʼĩһ飬˵Ҳ֪Եδεϻ˳˿Աȥ˶ңҲǱ̼ϲҲǶҵˡ
΢Ц壬һӶƽ֮ˡ
ԸǡҲЦ˵
Ǻǣ⻪ɽҲķ밲;ۣȥϢɣ
СĻţһ·ұġһۣΪҲ֪СϷ
ĵЦˡ
ֻһЦЦı顣
͵Цһȥͷ

˷ᣬڡ
ȻûţŷźûǶҲƴ֣·˼·ϴȲس˷ţ̽һƬء
һ򿪴㿴µ˶ڻ԰ﶫһһŪݣ⻭ʶǰƿ㿴С컨轣ȻèĹ򲻸ҹάֻҪǳǺġ
ƺֻ£˵һʼΪТϰˡɫֿ԰ȶĴ棬Ծһֱţ󶫷·Ҳ˳ϰˡ
ŰµİҲһ׵ĸоʹűݵ񿴾ˣҲ볣˲졣
£Ϻӵ·ϣѾմ˻Ƶڵĳк̵Ļ֭Һˡ
ڴ߸ŶǣʶǳЦš֪ʵǴ۵ģҲ֪Եе죬Ծ̰ĴӡţԶӰԣǶá
ȻӣܹҪ̵ܽġ
һԼ沿飬
ȻڵССЦһԺЦ뿪ߣ߳ţȥʲôòֺ
뺢֣ͬҲǵҳְ

 
лҪ˵ȿȡ




 10 

밲Һûգĸ·ʿҲҡһʱַǷۻδС㵣𵱼֮к·ܵ
Ȼ֣αֻܸ뿪֮ңÿλصԼʱܻʣôô¶񣿲תһ룬ŶҲǻ£Ȼ΢һɣܹԵġ
ʲôôҶüˡװϡ
õĶͷ̾ͷ䱿ġ
ЦЦŶԺҪעˡ
죬˭ܿһ㶼ĳ⡣
ˣղ˵Ҫȥʡ
ȥϷ

ȻǿϷġ˵ϷӹٽϼҲ¥ţҺԺϷ
Ķи·ܴңҲ󷽣лҲȻԵã컯֮£Ҳʲô¡ֻмҵĹţ綫ʣ͹ԹҴСϡûдɴñȴд󵨡˵ࡪ¥ŮҪڨϧһ۰ѶסˡŮʶ壬ЦЦȥһߡ
ǴҶ֪ˣǶҵˣɲ׶ġ
û֪۵⣬ºֻܹΪ˿ϷСôǲܣҲͿưţߴкӦӦ꣬Ǳ뻨ЦЦٻϷ̨ϵϷϷ硣
ͨǷڲȻУҲ˵ڴҵڴС̨ϳúúõϷӣͻȻ;ֱ̨ȥȻӢ۾ԱߵĶ밲޹ǣڻȥһߣҲȻ
ֳʱȻüëһͷ˸߲ҵؿһҡ
ϰߵĶûŻ˶źۼ뿪ˡ
ϷͷϣɻҲ˳ӵŶƮߡ

˵˶᷿ߡ
ûӰǶԺȥˡ
һǣŰһֺƿĹ뷿֮š
ιáڿӰʱһ£ɡ
ڷ䵹ĺ˼ˣ󾪡Ҳ󾪣һ
סˡô׾ͱСʶ
Ҳ΢ؿ˰һۣȻתһʱ˵Ŵ£صһýͰɡ
ҡһҡҡͷ֣ЦΪγ
̫ˣҸ徲֮ء
С뷿˭˵
Ҳ֪С뷿ЦЦ
ң£οҪ֣üͷ
ǲҵ£ô˭ǣأԾɺϾ

Ȼˣúһ㲻ܵĺˡЦ˵
ϵؿʼ۷⡣
һͷߡ
Ҳ֪Ҫʲô϶Ҷ뵽ĵطҺ벻ʱԺ粼޵˵Ҳ벻ЩôͻǴ˻Ѩ
һǾþò̾˿ң㾿ǺͼֱӸ°ɡ
ͼôղŲ˵ˣ֣Խֵĺġ
͵͵ۣôй
ô˵Ҳû˽ľǴŰˣˣ뿪߶һȥǵڶ͵ȥƨˡͬ鷳ھ鷳ˣһݡ
֣ʱ򳶽ȥĿһ˵һŭ
˵˲͵ġ治ɫţһ䲻ǣѣֵָܶ˻ܾ¶˵ء
˻棿
˵˵

ͷβֻգգ۾һԡֱᷢӦǺܴ̼ܾպȤģţڴ
ɣҶ䲻ʲôˣҲû֮£βһ·Ǹʲô컯˵ױ̨϶µ룬мĵש˿·һνݡ
һȵؿ߿ʼǲһȦס
Ҫôңܾǡһ˵ǣŰֱصҪô
Ѿ洫죬һҧҧǽ˵ص

 
лҪ˵ˡ




 11 

صһ˿ҲûУŶ֣Ҳú£ʹи֪Ƕһ
ڰжƾĸо·ŰҲûǽʲôġˮķ紵֪ǿ쵽ˣѽһһæʣôˣ
Ťˡصﲢƽ
̾
ϰ߰±鷳ĸˡ
һݵĶңʱȻѾΪһСӵĴķ˵ȥǻЦѾڿҪҪǰԣֱⰵɱһ¡
ڳ˰ֱɽСϪ߲˼ɷɽ֮·Ȱ۵İϪʯϣʣֻţ
ȻɫƣźůůĹػ֮飬˵š
ǶСȥЬ࣬£û˽ǣȻһϪˮڰĽϣһҵĽл
ôţü
û֪Լ׿İ죬ĺ
ԼСġͷͳҩĨ˵㣬ָ࣬Ь࣬൱СĶᡣ
񡭡Ὺڡ
ţۿһۡ
硭
š
áЦһ㶼ģǷġ
׵ܣȻáᵯһš
ٺ١š
ɡ
ͷβһ֪ϲǣЦŭҲգµҲֻһһˡ

һ棬Ȼȥ¥յС뷿̾綯ǿ졣
㿴Ҵ˾ΪΣδ
Сֶ֪֣ƽյӣˮģǡ
ȣӻ
ţҲֵǿȵڶԴҲǲ⡣
ȻֵܡЦû´ĻӦǡ
δһģæôҪɣ
û£Щͷζѡڰ֡
һֱԹ۵еĻܷɿˣӡںڣϢȣǡ
ûۻش𣬡¹λ˵ԭ򡣡

ʵһֱڻɣڶıϣĳüͷ֪ҪҪ˵
Ŷ￴ôˣеʡ
̬˷ܣ죺жˡ
ŶЦ㵹濴ˣ
ššͷôԵ֢״㲻ҪСңҾȻġ
ҲǱҸײѡߣûǵⱿνҩġ
죬˵
ͷһͻȻðԭ붫ⷬҿޣƺҲͨˡ
һȿڣ˵һˣҪ̼һأһأ
룬̼ɣⱿҲ벻ܲȤġ
Ŷ
һǳ鴤һ£סҪӶ˽ѵһٵĳ嶯Ȼ书ԶԶ֮ϣǴ˸СƿҪûᴦ·硣

˻ɽҲѽӽڣſڶϣԱĿ񡣶㡰ЦӯӯѯһҼջЪЪɺã
һ˵
Ǳ˼ҹСĿջҹȺܶҲ֣ջշ࣬Ϸֻʣ䣬ֱҪϷһһһֵܶˡ
극˷£תѡվɰ˯ߣ˯ߣһơ
ȴе˯ţӣĻΣ𣿡
ˣҲû˯һͷ£һַץס֡
ûУֻǵġôҪô죿ұҲùµġ
ʱ뵽ˣʡ
һֱ뵽
޷ЦŻд˷жȻиʲô¶ôϵҽ
ᱣ𣿡ͷʡ
ȻЦ
Ц£ͷŶ򣬺ǹ˳ˣô֪㷿İأ
ĻضЭϵҲðŵġش
ء˵
ܵȫȻΣݸ̧ͷţһ׵ţǲ





 12 

ȻСү˽ڡʵҪߴ̼·ߣôһȻӡǰĸԸҪЮȻŭҲû취
ǱֱȥһȻܣڶͥ㾶ֱǷߣȻһɫ֪Լʮ֮˾š
ȻǻضͥҲ붫ҲԶˡΪðѡһ·ȻǺͷһ·Ȩʹ÷羰ɽӣ밡
ŸطζСԣŷСŸũƲ裬ٲʱʶͨðӰ
ŶһݸƤӰϷԵİһ̾һִЩ΢мңҲ̫Сүˡ
·ҲϣԷ˯ĵطֵܻĵطǳСӵĺġ
ЦЦ˵׵ܣҵľˣ˭
ˣڿǶͷⲻ书Сʣ֪ܷסȻ򡭡µʱ˴¡
ֶǲҪĺá
Ƭ̺󣬶񿴼˵С·Ű˵ҪɰСԣİļ磺𶯣ȥȥ
ͷҲأšһ
񳶳ǣСԽԽקһͷȻֱӴӶ¥Ĵ˳ȥ
߶ߣǱ߿ջžͽɷˣСæӭϣӴǲɣλүСˡ
ûֱ˶¥
磬Ǹλòһ˵
áһ˴
ǼǰһѰϣֵܣøλá
ܴҲʹף
Ү
ȵȣأ

Ե˻ʱţͿɴñС˶ίڵſڣԱվŲ¼뿴Ϸһ
أ硭ӭ
װ˵ݸôվ
ұ۸ˡ
ǳԱ𣿡
Աˡ
𣿡
ˡ
ǵһϾ˵ţת¥
ֻ¥ƹƹһ󣬵СͶλү¥ţǣĿȥ
ģŰսѵһԲ˵ƹεķáп˵ƺǶҵүֻǸŵɴñСӣû֪ͷˡ

ôѵǵѽڶУʡ
͸ƽһĴܡش
ƽĴأ
Ҫһ𣿡ü
ҪˡЦ





 13 

һ·ɽˮԺ֣Ҫջ˴еĿġôǵ˶ͥϡûпڣһͰŤ𴦡ҲͲͷԼдֱؤｭϷִ
ʲôطǶҵĴӪ
ȻݵյظϷִܹܺǻӭǰȥϡһؤĵطͿض˵ֵܶ˺ʹ˱лһ·ǹ
һɫԴӸһûù¸ǣǸ͸ź͸źڡ
˵ҪۏˮĿǡһǳ
Ҳۏˮüһ·Ҳûв㣬ʵʱ뿪ǲǽŽɣٵͷ̫ûʲôãȻΪѵĵطǲʹǷֵ𣬺ڡ
һһʱ˵ûŶʵȴɶġ
һ˿ɴñĺڷһ£΢Цſڣһ·ϣҲллˡ
һᣬһ˦Ϳôڣұʱǽ屻ʹ޲ܲźã
˵񣬱ҪǰۣͬǷ˿ڶϣһ
񿴰ֽɴñԼͷƤʧЦ̧ͷһ˵ɷģôݳ׵ܣҲǻῴŵԼġ
һһ˦֣¾ʹ˸ǡ
ٻᡣЦ
˻һȥıӰӣͷʲô
ǲҪɴ°̧ͷʡ
ЦűأʵʲôǴ£
ţǺ䶯ʷ֣ͷ
룬ͷ˵Ŷ
ۣ۾ںɴЦͷˡ

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ڶ벽˴ţضһ˵ؤİ谡ǷǳζǹһĨЦӭǣǰ
壬ңСүǱȭҴݹ٣԰
˵˵ҲȭҲܹһֱݷõġ
Ц룡
ǣŰ˴ãԸ˲衣
Ÿɴñҿ岻࿴ۡˣЦˣ·עĿʹķԴ˸ñӡ
ͷСӲؾн
ţлܡҲװģػش漴⿪Լñӡ
ţŶһӣƣȴǱúܡʵһֱ®ɽĿԵȰɴñźۼشһ¡
ϸϸ氲һЩҵķ˿ֶܼЦˡ
æҡͷֻ˵˭˶ѣС֪Ըʵϲδ񡣡
ⷬƨǰӦҲüЦԽ񣺡ˡ
񳶳ǣСװ
пղű߼˻ɫʵ˵Ϊؤ֮¶ʺ£
ЦЦ豭ĭٺһڣȻŵɴˣޱС֪ܶ
ɫԼգգۣҪ˵𣿿ʲô֪Ҳţǿڣؤл
²豭һЦ⣬һûзŹ۵һĺڳ
Ҳǵ;˵ؤտǲжſں˵˵ҲҪڡ·˼סͿˡ
ȴ˸ĳЩ񰵵Լ̫ãһеġȻ˼ȴԹԵز෢ۡ
ʵҵ£ĳº󣬶Ҫ֪ܲ飬˳һš
һ£̧ͷлСӶؤģ¶¡
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½ǰҲΪ˴£ȻѾ֪ܣǱ㲻ٶˡ
ҲΪشҴҪȥúòձ㲻λͣնúôлλ
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ͶλҲǸɴࡣ

˷ִլӣ氲ɴñŲ߻סĿջ
һ·ϰбЦҲڻ˿ջֺŷǺɴʣʲôû
գգۿʵҡͷ
ſţңǷҪˮ
ͷһݴõ㴺õĸ
ǡСͷ¡
ǶҵĲҵֺŷǶҵеصȷ˵Ǻܰȫģһ·϶ͰͬˣҲסһ䷿
ѾߵǰȡɴñҺãȻŬ죺֪ʲô˵֪ұʲôӣ
ڴߵСã㲻ǱֻǷӦе
ⲻ֪ǰǱĽͣҲ֪Ҫ˻ǷŭҲ߹ȥ϶ӣͰ
Цҡͷš巽˸⡣
˵жʲôʱ֪ģ⡣
֪˵˵ʧЦ㲻Ҳһ˵˵ؼˡ
˵ʲôʡ
˵ؤл΢Ц˵Ҫ˵Ǹ󻵵
ͷ
㶮ˣü
ҡͷ
֪һŶװͦ񣬸ղҲ˸סˡ
ȨڿٺһЦ
޷ȥ̽̽լӣ˵è塣˵
Ŷ˫ҡҷԿ
ȥġܾ̾Ե
Ʋ졣
ǡСţңСүˡ
˶˽ֲõĸ㣬ڼ֮ƷŶ

 
лҪ˵ĬĬթʬ




 14 

ҹʱ֣İļ򰲸Թ˯ȥ̽ʵҸ㽲ġ
ίίشӦˡ
ͷתӴȥ
źµĶѸʧںҹУ죬شͷ

Ṧ˵ãûþ͵˷ִլڲǽһ£Ϣϸǽ
沢ûʲô쳣񼸸Է֮ϣƿһƬߡôˣ徹ȻûϢ߾⿴顣һԼ᷿Щ죬ȴûûж룬㽫߸ϣȻȥ˶ߡ
ԭˮˣСܿסˡ֪ҶؤžȻ𡣻֮Уû˷ֶ񡣶üţòԾĿĳŻǷŵķӣȻһ㱻ļûУƺйء
һ£Ȼң˶࣬Ǳȥպ̽̽
ú󣬶լӡ
ڻȥ·ϣһԼöңȻҲС֮¡һڿ´ҪҪһ̽ա

ִӴصջԷȴһӶסû˵ϢѸ򴲱ߣ¹⿴ϸûˡ̵ȼ˻ӣһ·䣬˿Ӱӡ
пһ£ѵǱ˭ȥˣǶҵĿջﰵﶼ˻šʲôʱ򶫷ҵôˣ
һżһ߷ܻЩ塣ţٴۿһɻѵΪ˹ϢԭʼַԲ˶ĸ֣
ȹٷִլڿ˼ȦӰӡȴֱӦĳ
ͻˮĹķ䣬ٶǷȥˡ
Ѿסһƪ֮ƣҲɢȥ룬ֻ˿أƷֹƸϸ۲Ǽ䷿ȻҿƬߣԼ˽ȥ
һͷڿƲС浱ѧϰŶݼ׻֮ĶѰЩ˿ҵһڻƿȻиСף˳ֳԱϵһֻëʴȥ˿أߵƿˡ
õ𣬺ڰƾҲߵɡȻԼԼĳ
̾һ£ɻ֪
Ѹȴֱֽƶܿһ˿ߡתһսǣȻʯҽżѰҵСӡ
ŶһֱȥԼϢֻͷ޵ĵİûзֱȷûݽͻغߵߣͷŵ̧ͷ
磡ס
̾һֱסĺʾο
һֱŵ󣬲Ŵſöſʣô£һת۾Ͳˣ治ʡġ
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ˣȥ˵ε̧Ĩϵۡ˰̲֪ΪΪ̫Żˮݣ׵ġƽĶǱƽﻹҪ󣬵ֻŨŨۺϧ
ͷץŶӡܾȺ£ƺģĳĵطҲץƵģһҲۡ
ǣŰԭ·أ˻̽ƺصʯҵܺͰȫǷģһ·Ҳûˡվ˵ϣڷ죬ϱŰݶ˸èˣȻ࣬˾ʲôˣ
ԥزͣŰլӡ
ص˿ջԷѾڵÿҪ˰ҹţʱҲѾƣ벻Ŵϣ˯ȥˡȥ˿ջƹţԸѯЩ£ŻԷҲ˴Ϣ

ۣߺŲ裬۾硣
һۣڶǰˡ
Ŷ˴ߵϴӱϣšӲί˵۾ʹ
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˿ȻڴߵĴһۣٿԴ
㵨Ӽȣеʡ
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Լȥ˻óҵĽָ˵Ҫȥҡе˵ֱϹ˸ƣ顮䵥ˣץҡǲǣ
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硭ֺõǰһһɣ̲ٶջŶ
ü
̿ڣǸҲǱץؽȥԺ˸ҲʶˣҲ˵ʶŰǼǸ·ȴȫͬǲǴ˵
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Ʋ죺̫СΪҺ۸
һü
źðɣȷʵܺ۸̾ôˣǲʲô֪ˡ˵ҺܱҲ֪֪ʲô˵˺þãȷʵܱҲ֪֪ʲôơ
˵ص㡣ߴ١
ȻЦ˵ôװɵ治װȻ˵֪˶Ҳ޷ѾɱˣöҩؤｭϷִôˣ㣬Ҳô˵עһ˵꣬Ȼ԰˵ţ˵ô࣬ںÿʡ
ûص£ˮ
æ߹ȥ¸ԼȡߵԸС͵ԵȻ˫ֱؿŰҲɵɵؿ
Σڱס̾˵أɵɵ
أ˵ҲҪöҩң˵ܿƶҡˣһô졭һֱޡţ۾ʹ
񳤳̾ջǰ̧°ͣһĴָᰴԺ׵ۿѾʶ۾ḧѪ
һŷ֣ʣںõ𣿡
ۣͷǱһЦţˡ
ţ´οɲôҪ㻹ôͼ־ûʵ֣ҪĪҵĻ̫𣿡
ţ֪ˡԹԵͷĩ˲˵һ䣬ʵһֱңȻˡˣ
ģġ˵
Ҫ粵ǡСʳҲӦءͷԹԳ
Ӷ棬һֳͷһֿԷһĨԾ͵Ļȡ





 15 

ģ죬ŶȻͷĶͷôˣûвɾ
ͷ
ֲһ飬ʣأ
˵С
ܵӱߣϸϸһ飬Ȼͷ˵ƭҡ
ʼ磺ô©ʲôأ
ʲô©ʲô߻ȥš
ЦЦϸ롣
Ȼ󶫷̣ʰһӡȷʱֻͷŰûУ
ʵҡͷ
һ֪ı飬˰֪ҡ
أؤԶԹ޳Ϊʲôͽˣ׳
סˣšüͷ룬ҡͷ
ҲҡͷһΪٴһء
޷޵ؿ֪ʲô˵㻹ǸүǶ𣿡
Ҳ֪޹
սȭҧŬʹԼ˰̵
С˶Լÿըëþգһɤӣɫȥܹܸ̽һֱ̽ȥ
á̵ͷȥұɣҲ
ǣղײգھͶʡ
á

ײײúã׼ջǣײ˶׼ϱ
㣡ˣƿɴñȥ
һˣûվס󶫷סǡ
ɫһݣӵزˣ
ʿЦ
¥˵˵Űߡ
¥ȿڣȻ֪ιҪ¡
ЩŤ£Ȼε̧ҵ衣
ʼ˵ܵȴҺͱĴҡǲͰڴ˸ջ
ҲҪȥǡ˵
֪Ͱв֮˵
ǼٵģѾ֪ˣֻǲ֪Ϊαӻʹй
һ۶ʣͷԶ˵ҲżȻ֪£ֻҪ壬Ҳٵ֡Ϊ֤ݣǴءֵȻʿȴǧ˵Ǵƿأ֮¡
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ϡʴ𣬡Ҫ
أžͺá˵ϴǴ˸߰˵Ѿɱˡ
ǡ˵ûϴ֮Ѿһ԰ȫĵط
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ҲҶ϶ҾӦûš˵
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кδ㣿ʡ
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ȴǣСӣؤҲһԵ֡
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㵽׾˶ˣЦʡ
룬벻ͳǸȫϣ̧ͷ޹˵ȫ
ʺǣ˼鿴һѱ̧ͷֿ񣬺ζЦš
ǣ֮𣿡һ°ıͷ
ȴҡҡͷͷ֮ˡ
˲̫˼Щƾʲô˵
ͶȴˣЦЦǰϧڶš
ÿɷ񣬿򶫷ʣҲܵܣ㲻۰
æصͷȻۣȻۡ
ֿա
ϰ˵ȻҰǲϵҪȥҵַؤ˵Ҽǲסұ˺ö飬һҪҵҲ
ͷԶʶ˵ҺͰȥңǾڿջúϢ
ллġЦ˵


 
лҪ˵ǡӹʼǱ̫ҪϢһ¡Ծɡ




 16 

²˳٣㶯ȥˡ
·֣߬ŰԷȺɢʹɴñ̫㣬Ⱥָۡ˺һ󣬰˦ֲɣˣ
ͣ£ô
ҲˡȻԼԣֺǫһ䣬𣿡
㲻⣿ʡ
㲻ˡش
ðɡ˵Ȼ쵽棬⿪ñӵӣȻñ˳ȷ磬һСȻȵͨ죬ͷҲðϸͳ־ϸϸ
԰˱ܺôٷĹӸߵ˵òΪǸο˲Ų˿꣬ȴ֪Ǹ̺۵ĳСӣ΢΢۾ʧ
ڿͨ͸İһ嶫˵ˡ
ЦЦ߰ɡ
ǣǰߡ
գú˺ΰûнȡôǣţĵĸоʲôҪ

һȥɵˡʮؤ˭ϰˣ
񣬶ǣ˼Ҿû˵ʲô֮ģ
ҡҡͷϸ룬ҡҡͷ
ǿôأ̾һǣŰǽߣӰµ̫
ǰô죿ƵĿŶ
ҡͷ˵Ҳû취˭㱿ء
ҡҪֱ棬Ƚűߵ·°ڱ¡
ͷһؤС磬ûй𻨸⣿
𻨸Ҫն衣ѿڶ˵ڲŷԼ˵ʲôȻԣǰ˵нͷš
ؿЦؤȻǡ
ϰǶ˵ˣгñȽرСߣֲǰݷ񣬾ɵվŲ֪ǺõĻһ԰šλؤԼͷ˵
Ȼصͷ
ǣֲܷʲôֻƲƲ졣
ģһ£Ŷ£˵
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ôȥࣿʡ
ɡ
ǵðһҲҲԡ
ʡԼƽʱûʡιСӰɡ
ӣǹȥɣ
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𣿡ʣǲ˵
һüһۡԷ˸ǡ
ٿ񡣶Ҳǰվߵʩ˵ԣЩؿڣԸ𣿡
վţЩ鴤
ʩҲЩ⣬ǣ䲻㻪ȴҲʵϺõġ̫ӣӣҵӰɡ
ʩˣӶᡣǰؿڣλҼС챿˵Ǿ˱ǣˣҪһ˳ԱλСҪһ롣
ʩˣɫҨˣлֶȥݸؤһ룺ģ
ؤҲǳ鴤һ£㲻»
ȵԭ㲻Ҳư
ؤˡ
ȰյĺܺúŶ˵ԼȺһڣ֤ԼĻ
˱ǣǵؤĶӷôһ졣ؤ˵㿴㲻Ƕ𣿡
û취ؤһѶ룬ؾͺ˸׳졣ĨĨ죬ݻظҪ
ȣֻðԼϵҲ
ȴü˭Ҫȹģ
վŶ񣬺޹ӣô죿
ؤҲվߣȥͥƼҳԷ
΢΢üһʱס֪ôӻ
ţͥ㣬жＦ˿Ѽؤ˵ţĨһǵĿˮȥȥ
Ҳһ£ֻһ˲䣬ͷȥ
ؤҲԼ࣬Ҳӱ̧žߡǰͷ磬߰ɣ
񳶳ǣŸϡ





 17 

ͥƼңͥһõķݡؤŰܹҪ¥Сסλλ
СүҪȾƳԲˣʲôؤüĿһɡ
СҲǸ۸ģЦ˵ȴǻд̣λүƼҵĲ˿ǲˣҲЩٹˡλѣǲסСĲǽȥ
ؤЦһ£ӣյСǰ۾޶ͣ˻ʹģֻн϶ҶУλǶҵĹˣƼң
СǺ˵λүѲҲǶҵģ
һԱؿϷȤζؿҪСؤ
·ô·ôҳԷôǲǣλҵġأؤһץûץţͷһѾվ˶ߣһͬϷ
ൣ˵ؤɴۣ
ʼ磬޹
˺ˣҲֹ˰ɡڵĿ˿ڣСҪ¥ϵż䣬ȥɡ
λүСָؤ
ҪǴ·ˣϴȻ˵˵㣬ҲȷȷʵʵϺ˿֯ɣǳ˻ʹûеˡ
ؤͷɴۿ
ЦЦС·ɡ
ϣ롣Сŷ

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·ؤһˤȣԼ˱ƣһ˵ҾǼһеҶˣֻܴһ·˳
ۡ
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ذ֣Ҳѧǳޱ
ľ˭ͻȻ廰
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ƨǻϼȥˡطۡ
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Ҳһ׮£ңȥҲܸĽࡣ
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̫ˣĵЦӣؤоˣ
ؤ˵ĶسǣôƴḶ́ǹҳٷ϶ǲģ
㲻Ǳ𣿡졣
ͻȻֳϣǰ̽λС磬ҿ涾ѾʮˣҪҪⶾ
ۣҲɫ˻棿
ôؤ˽ⶾⶾѡһɣعǣ˵
һӣЩΪѣվ˵ǽⶾɡʮҲûʲô󰭡
Ҫ˵㵱ҲԣβҲԣҪʲôֻ꣬ҪܸҶ񶨵˫ַϡ
ؿǣʼ磺ðɣȻˣҾͲˡҪǰҶһˡ
û⡣΢΢Ц





 18 

ŶغͰԱˣŽʣ뿪Ƽң˿ջһ·϶վǣŰ֣һԿһֿۣһۡؿһۣЦô
ҲŤ󣺡ʲôϵ
ֵܡ
سǣ˵ֵܼҪС֣
Ҳ֪Ƚϱǣ߶ˡԾЦ˵
ؿһȻӣٶ˵ʲô

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磬˵ǵõϢѾмؤ˱ˡ
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Ǿͺáһ
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գգۣİ
ΪʲôҲˡ
Ϊ߰ش𣬺޹
Ŷõı飬вԼͬس鴤һ£ܾﲻԾ
ȿȣص⡣˵ΪؤʱѾؤж飬ҽǶ˸߰˰ˣƽҩ֮²ѣҪ֪ؤ˷¡
ң㾡ܷġ˵
ΪʲôΪؤĹһġ
صһۣǸ߹ұˣ
ҽʡ
ҽ׬ǮĻᱻ˷ֵİû˵ңܺ׶ôô
죺ߣǹ
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˵¡ѡ
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û⡣ͶɶԿһۣͷ
Ҿˣǲؼ£ǶҵʲôҪֹ͡
񿴿ֿɡЦЦһʤ߼ҲֻڸԼ¡
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һۣǰ㲻ǫ˵Լѧǳʲôġ
ǰغصͷҽҩˣִЧԵũϳٲݣҩԡҲ֪˸Ƥëѡ
ҲţȻͷҲҩԡ
ǳһ£ñҩ
عЦҲͷˣˣ˸ҡ
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˫ֱأе˵ô֪ȥʡˡıɡ
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Ұϵ˽һˣԸⲻʩˡЧʺܿ죬ٴؤװȥ鿴ʱ򣬷Щ֮Ѿ߰˰ˡ
Ҳ𽥻ָСҲżλ̳ǻˣԳĶͶغǸм
ظף˱Ǵְ𡣡
ΪȻܶô
һԣЦڱǶҵˣҲÿ
úãԺһˡҲЦҲٿס
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أû֤ǡ۵ĵ
޷˵ǴƤߣƷס˺߱˵һС
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գЦӯӯشŰһԣۣٴţ循Ųѡ
Ǵ¶ɫȻǿ򶨣Ц˵;Ҳ˽һλϧˡ
֪ҴԺ⣿ٵ˵
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ߣһ˦ӣҿڳԣк֤ݣ
׻ǰһ˵˵֤ܲݣ
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Ϊ׵λͷڵ׳ʵһ̴ʵľĴ򹷰˫۾ˬʣңؤ˴٣ҵ
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СϰЦ԰˵
ҺܺãлϰġԹԵ˵
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żͰ飬͵˵꣬һλŵĵӣ츳书ǿȴվŲº쳾ء
ò㻹ףʹҵύҵﵱǺѣȴ֪˼ҵţҪﲻ죬ȴϱͻȻҵĵ֣¼¶ɱڡ껹е˽ӻأӹһ١ұ常һֱûз׷顣
µʱ䶯֣˶׷ɱǶѣҲټüŽ˵ȥôãԭԲģôݵ顣
׻ڷƱ磬¶׹⣺ڱҡǵĴ
ҡͷ̾һֱڱĬĬۿһĻĽ¼
׻ͻطϮȥɷȥסʽȴ׻ֻһУתһֱֱ书İȥ
׻ţǱ񹦷ϳˡٶ֮죬񿰿ڰǰסһƣӲǱһ
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ȡȳһѪؿŶ۾񡭡硭
۾ʧ˽࣬ϣ¸ʹ

 
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 19 

۾ǰֱۡ
ڴߵĶǳ鴤˾ͱװ˯ˡ
ֻǿǿٶۣƲǣίίӣ硭
˵㱿ƽʱƱ磡ʲô鶼ԵģСһǾԼƽ޹Ҫʲôͷһ
Щʹرۣͷʹ
ôˣּʡ
һԺŵĶǰ£ģû¶װ
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أ
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ѾʶȤ˳˷䡣һӱЩ֡͵͵һ۶񣬺һ˫۾񡱵ؿ
˵ɣ񿪿ڣ˯ʱһֱĥ㵱ʱôģ
˵һƣжǵȻǼ١ʵϣڴǰһֱصѹҲûôϹۡҲһʱδҪ˭أһƲδ̫๦ǣжжҪġһֱԼðסģ
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ңʶ棬Щί˼ڣ뿴ˡ
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һһźŰѼιȥֱűýҲϳԣͣ֡
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ʼ磬ԼҲ˴ĸ㡣
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 20 

ȻˣؤｭϷִȴҲԲ˶ԶлмӣֻЦ˵Լ˲ͿʲôʱϱȢŰˡɳûףȻӦ
˽ˣ᲻뿪ˣٴθȥ˻ɽЯŰݶң˳šҪһˡĶء
տ˵İȻãԭ˹˸ˡȻΪʶȤҪôǸɴ⣬ҪôǱ۾£Ӳȥˡǰͻȥ
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زΪȻҿǴ԰ɡ
İԴǳʱӣǼϺ˿֯ɡʱ󣬻ԼЩģȫʹ͸ĸܵܣүˡ
һ˵ͱɫɵɵ룬Ȼ˹Ŷ
еؿŶأʱϺҪǶҵм˴һеġ
سǣһͷڳϣ˶˵սթȻǼٵġ
˵绵ԡ
˵мƽʱôģü
ϸһ£̧ͷᶨ˵Ҳֻ˵˵
ˣ֪ҪЦ
طۣٴξԼĴڣôĶġ

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سǣǰϲģõúܣչ˵úء
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˵
Ʋ죬ɻؿأǿͣҲб𡣡
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ͷġ
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󣬻ǵ̲Ӷмȥ緹˷ֿԼӲزм䡣ûûб񫣬ԽŶ˵飬͵Цѡ
磬ǰѶذźס밲СԶһԺӡҲûʲôǰͶҲǹˣԻ˯źôŰѡ
һʱֲˣȥ磬¸̾ϸúܣһܸɵˣȻҪʹǡ
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ͷҲȥŶ
Ŷӣֱ͵Ժſڣ뿪Լֻݡһ޼ݵŲˣЩɻôﲻԾأ


 
лҪ˵ĬĬ




 21 

ʱ򣬶һҲˣСòײһõ˶סˣһ£עһ㣬ˮˮģ̵
һŰҪԼЦЦԼҲڰ
ȻغͶҵ˻ˡʱǺܶƵģԣЦšŰһθҼʱҲ⸱ģʵأǸʲôСѡ
ǹ͵Ļȣһ߸ϺǰĴһӵ˿ٶ˶أһ·ѾϰߣЩ졣漴ЦЦɫģؽ̸

صѾ˰ҡ֮ǰûʲôԾÿæµţŰȥҩĦΨһͬǣһأҽÿһҩ棬˼룬ҩ˼óҩʱð̫̫֣ҩҲǳеġһμǳ̵ϴ򻹻ȰһȰСɼˣҲ˭黹ԽԽء
еˣȻ˸飬ļįǣڶغͰһʱ࣬ôﶼò̹رϣˣػŲߣ
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ӣһžܡ
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ɴҵĶͻȻ˸磬йǰĵѯʡ
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Լ˱ƺ£ԿЦǸСӰˣǣ
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ι̧ͷɻء
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˵˵ҹȻιЦ

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˯Щĺ̹һʱǶġϴ̤ӣ׼ȥҰĥžôȰѹϵ취߸̸̣ʲôˣҲˡȳԸĨնҲѽʱ硪ϰ֮ˣϰʱҲŸոϰԣڻ˯ءȲȥΣ˵
ãʽҲ磬ˬޱȡʱһˮ˲緹ŮӹʳУţԺȥˡŮֵ̾ܶ䲻ͬѪǺõúء

˰ԺӣӵŻţƻ˯һ߲һóȥǰѻ˵ˣ룬̤ǰƿš
ƿҵӣȴסüŴϡֻ΢ҵı죬ȴ˵Ӱ
룬ʳϣӡǡÿŲڸݽˮǰʣŲɼ˰
Ųͣ˶룺컹ûءô
΢أеζԼ°ͣŲ㼸ʱ𴲵ģ
ûþˡŲ𣬸㲻ʲô
ͷ֪ˣллŲ
Ҹһ˿ʲôŲЦ˵
ͷ˱תȥˡ·ˣ˵ûŰӡŶͷ֪СӲȥˣѵôԸ
һģȴǵɴ۾ӣһʹϱߵĲųȥ˰
ȥš
С˵ͷţŸС˵ȥ¡
ûٶʣôˣ
ôˣСίί˵ɣǻ˵İ
Լͷˣûˡ
ŶС˵ͷϸˡ
ʣ¶վԭأǳ鴤ţ֪ηӦ
ΪֻǶѣȴԭǸҳߣôһ¶СԴôİôȥҲ˲磿
̾Լҽ̲ϡһߴԼؿڣһŻԼȥҲܲ˵ֻŭˣȸ׷

ᣬɳ˶ҴլɴñȻһ°ƷǸɫҩҩҩ书ĵģ򲻹ֻʹ£ȻǼͨƽ·һСҶӡʱʹϵģͼӣһȫͼ
װ౦Сڻöָ˺߹ڲϡ
ȷ󣬰Լͷ
ȥʲô
ɽӣ˳ҴҽǸСҽŲأ

ģȥݿҲĻᱻץס㲻߶µˮ·½·
쵽ʱ򣬵һС򣬺һԺˣٶȳĺ֮ǰϵһ
˼Һÿջ׼Ϣһȴƹסˡ
ƹĺһʹӺԺɴ棬ˣ
ݱ٣¶׻·ˣԲŴɴñʵش
ƹĿС壬ʣҿջõģշҲˣʹӿ
ƲƲ죬ͳǮȫЩ𣿡
ƹЦԶ
ǵһһ˳ţ֪飬룬ʵʵͳһǮóһƬҶӣأ𣿡
ƹ̬䣺ˣˣ㹻סһˣ
ʼ磺鷳ǰϷɡ
æ˵һˣõסϷסͨ̾ˡ
ڰ˵Ҳڰң·Ҳչң˯ϷӦõġ
ƹĵȻǮ׬ĶԽãߺȣϷ͹٣롣






 25 

ֺ˶ٺõģŸԻ˷Ϣ
ʱҲѲ磬ȴֻߣ𷢴̾˿ǰϸϸĦöָ
Ȼ˦˦ͷţΣԺҪŬΪ£ֻܿԼˣ

ڶһ磬ȳȥ㶫ټ·ԳšȴϣѾ˼ааЦŵˡߵ֮ʱ򣬰ƼţŵжԼţ㲻Щġ屻ȥòײŵһҸ̣Ӻ˸ֱӣһ䣬ŷǮѲɡһɵۣģǮûˡ
ҿɵСӣӻ֣ûǮûǮȻͲˡ
ŵҰѳӺõİõıַŻԭģҲ֪ҪôӦ
ǮûˡǮûˣ
ͷɥػ˿ջ㶵ز֪ô죬ǡƹǰ˵λӣսģ빫Ƚյʰ 
ؿڣңǮˡ
ʲôƹ̱ԭ԰ʳס׵갡
ǣǡҪ⡣
ɲˣƹ˵
ɥ֪Ҫô졣
ϿʲôֵǮĿɵѺģƹûʡ
ҡͷûС
ߣɱߣķǮƹı˵
Ҫ޳ˣҺ˹ȫ̵ûضƹ˵˶ѵʱολӣ
ѵҪǮ𣿡ƹĺһ
ͳԼǮǮҸ
æֹУôԣ
ЦЦ޷㶼ԸסϷƾģѣ㸶ǮҲӦõġ
ǣǮûи㡭˵
ǸǿպٽᡣЦŰο
ִǮϴǮùˡȻ˱ƹĸϳ˿ջ
·ߣ֪ô졣ο˵հѽҶó˿ˣԲдһ¡
˰ɡţǳʦδ
룬ʵϺ˵ҲûǮˣҲͲˡȻݰɡ
˵նͳԼһӣд˼֣Ȼ򣺡ȥҶҵң㹤Ǯġ
ɵؽӹô죿
ЦЦԻа취

ʵϣһ취ҲûСʲôģ̫ʵˣʵûǮʵǴ粽СҲԸȥѰ󶫷ҵİûΪʲôǲԸ⡣
ǡ꣬ɡûУһǽŶꡣ
ڷͻȻһ죬һöͭǮǰһ㶣ɵ̧ͷԶ߶ţôСͳؤˡ
ǣٵͷöˮŵͭǮ룬Ȼͳ˺ɴץĨĨͲ̺۵¸Ǳ
ʱ½½ĸͭǮţǲ˳ؤء


 
лҪ˵ĬĬ




 26 

պŽɵذǷ׽ŵ˶լŷһӴǽղ֪ιҳߵİСүģ̰ȥ˸̡̿ӣһԸȥúôλȻͰӰһԣҲŲˡǡ궫߶ڼң棺̣˰͸磿
˹Ų裺͸ʲôҪȥˣǾģúõҡ
ԣϱ㲻ٶ˵ʲôֻﰵţٺ٣¼ܣ
ǰҪʲôΣաôţ˵
СӲ£ȻҲҪѵġ˵
ǡԥ
̷²豭˵ǺǸ֮࣬ڽ˸࣬ԵԸʵҲˡ
ڵͷǽҲõģ
ֹõģǺˮɲҪ̫ĽЦ˵
ڴЦǿĽˡ
һγԶţ鷳£㻹ǷԸȥдһ°ɣɫ˵
˵̵׻۳谲ģϴ𣺡ǣ̡

Ǳ߶׷˶ͷʱҲȷʵû˼룬ô½·ǵĸﶫĸǸվģȥһ磬Ŵԭݷ
֪ƾԼһ֮ڶʱҵ˵ġ£óĵµһ鱨̣
ǡݣؽͣ˸ȥţ·ݷϡ

֣סܵµһˮؿСɡؤĵڶգƾźòֵͭǮӳԣҲöԼҪ¡ģˣ
һ̾ȻʵСֵܣķ֮£
Ϥһͷ
ؤﳤ˭
ؤﳤͭЦİļ򣺡С磬ڶҳؤ
ȥϣ
֪ҳϣͭװؤ췹ҲҴк
֪Ҫ͡
㻹ûɾ͸СִͭЦȥԺóԵġ
ԹŶллϡ
ͭСӣôʲôҳϣؤİ
ǣ𲮲ԹԸĿڡ
ŹͭһϾȴƵɡ꣬˵ģأ
ºݣһΪŤġ
ͭˣЦ˵˵ˣȸϷ죬Ҳǳ
ţлл𲮲Ц
¿Ҳǡǡ·˵иưܵؤҲȥؤİݰݣǲźȻСӰͭ˵
۾ԭҪȥݰݰһΪأ
ͭûؤҲǿǿҪĸԸŵġ
ŶŹԹӦ

˰ȥĵطͭ˵ҲǡҪȥ
͸һȻһ·סưӦǾ仰ǳʲôлǽԵð϶͹⣬Ҳɢͭһ·գȫɽˮӡֻҹԺ󣬶ϵǣкꡣ
ߣͣһ·ݣֵϢ˵ںڹһ綫ưԼĪʮӣ֮£ȥ˺ݡ
ԼĪ죬ϲŵݡ
һŵĵطͭͭȥ»ɫеصض԰˵߰г˵飬ߣкܴΣա
գգۣҲ¡
£ͭǣ»ͷҲҡ
̾һţһҲû£𲮲ȥ°ɡ
һˣϴС͵ǮƣһǿȡҲǻңͭӵ۵ġ
ǣôίίʡ
ţģаšͭ°ϵĺӣλѣǡҲݣȥȻӦúչ㡣
ɵɵģ˵ǰ˵Щʲôʲô

ͭŰȥλѣһôô죿
һϮ£֣Цӯӯǰϣ˴ˣ
ͭŰıǰһƣˣԺСȾˡ
ģ˵ҲǻġЦ΢밲ƽӣǲѽ
Ȼ𣺡Ⱦ
Ⱦֱ壬״ʲôȾôòģ
Ⱦ硭̹ԹԵظĿڡ
ôɣѹֶôءȾЦ
ͭȭȻλҲʶҾˡǺڣ
ţ𲮲ٻᡣ˵
ȾͳһݹȥССɾ⡣
ͭҲѣӹл
һȻǶԴ˴ش˵صϢֶͭȾмıȭٻᣬȥˡ
ֻ°Ⱦ۵Сۡ

ſԼĪ㣬Ⱦ°ͣϿһ仨
Ⱦ磬Եְǰ
ȾԴǡ
֪ģҾú㣬һֺϤ׽ĸо԰ߣһ˵ϴγҲǣҲء
Ӻβһҡһҡģǰ˵ҺС˵͵ԵŶ


 
лҪ˵ĬĬ




 27 

˵˺ݣѰŰȥ˵Ѿ뿪˺ݣȥˡ
ȥʲôѵǻؼ̽ףЩɣ׼Ҫ·
䣬һҶµľ¥ٳһͣü·
ͷԵһ룬оǰһˡ̧ͷǸΰ࿡ֿŲˡ
ױɻü
ҡıȭҲؿּɡ
֣Ϊγڴ˵أֱʡ
ֻǡԷ̾ĳãǰлҡЦ˵
ŶЦױ־С
İڰֵΪҲֻһ¶֣ĪҪԣԯޡ
Цݣִԡ
Ѱ֮ˣǻûгϵġЦ˵
ָ½󡣡ıȭ
ҡͷЦЦԼͷԡҲܣŴӶ׷ϣֻ֪ѰˣȾһҾͲ֪ˡ
һ𣿡üҵϢ
¡ʼ硣
Ϊʲôȷʵˡ
ҵȾˣʼ硣
ǡͷͷײβšüͷ
̾εЦЩ취ǲһеֵͨʵ˵С
ΪԸʡ
̯֣ҷ˵Ҫˣѡ
üģױָǡ
ӡĲŤֱ˵޷
ζЦŵͷ

Ⱦ˵˵γΪʲôȾһ𻨸ϣ׻׻ա
һţҽ
ĸҽȾü֪϶СҽϽӲǰڶң
ţʦ
ľˣȾʡ
ͷóһ﷭˷ҵ˾ľָ
ȾһϵоٶЦ°ͣǼһ˾ͰЩ
⡣
ȾͷЩҴŶ
ǲ⣺Ϊʲô
Ⱦ̯֣˶ôãûѧþһ㡭
죺ұ
Ⱦǣû£Ҳ㡣
ûвӡƲ죬ڿЦǣ
ȾЩ⺢Ӳĸ֪֪ԲױҩۡϴڻʹȣǴԼҲЩڵùǺμˣƺ֮ǰ鶯ˡΪ˽˿Ϊ˶
ţȾŰЩһһսңһ˵ն񣬲¶ǳʶϴβñ˿ȥ˽ҶӣűֵģЩȿ԰æҲԶ
Ϊʲô
϶ǲϲ̤ʵصˣ߽ݾٷܶʮʮꡣһɱЩЩѻͿԴԸ˵ǲΣգȾĸ͡
΢΢죬ЩȣôӰ
ȾЦŵͷôӡ
ҲССǰӻ˲ٸ£ڲŶ






 28 

ȾδϣѾġݿջʱͣڿջıȾҲѾ֪ˡ
Σü
µҺһıض綯ǰ𴦵ġ̾ߣ֪ѡڽϻãΧȥĴ¹ֻȥ棬ƾңҪʵס
ˣ˵ôͷôݺ˼䣿Լҳ߾ˣôҪչҰ
ƿʲôЦЦ˭ȥǣƫұ֪ΪΣ
ҡͷֿ˵ν֪֪˲ܺúӦԣԻִͽ̡
˵Цǿס
üŶԭҲǡ
ǡĵͷ
ǣֵܣʡ
ͷֶ

Ⱦӥϵֽ
˵ôὩںݲߣԭǵָ㰡Ⱦǡ
Ⱦ嶫֡
ڿ飬߹ȥôˣ
벻ȥݣȾֱʡ
ݣͷȥʲô
㲻봳ѰҽڳŶȾջ
գգۣǺðɡ
ǿȥʰղײգ·Ⱦ˵
ᵽһЩԾôˣ
ȾԽֽںݣҪ׷ˡ㲻ߣѵҪ
ӹˣȻ̧ͷΪʲô֪
ȾǣСץסص㡭
ΪġȾģɵ˵
ʲôһݹִġ
鱨Ⱦץץͷ鱨ͷӣҶҵ鱨㣬ҸһЩϢȻΪôѵذ񣿡
գգۣû
ȾһŶǺ£ȥʰ
Ŷ

ȾУչˡҳߡĺӣ˵ǰǺӾȹԵϵҲġ
׵صͷ
βǺΪ뿪ңȾίǰײȫ̵ġĽ˵
ίƲƲ죬Ҳίء
򣺡ţͬѵֵܡô屲
񳶳ǣôҶ㻹ڹء

Ҫֿڣ˵㵽к
ٽƻĺ꣬Ӳõ֣˵ܶʱΪŷǳʢĺĺðġ
Ŷ
֢ҩļ˵

öڵİַȾء
Ⱦ˵󵼶񡭡Щӣһȷʵ㶫񣬵һ뵽ƭߵģ;ЩܡңңҲѽֻǣ
ȾһͿšüͷ֪ھʲôʼ磬Ҳȥ
СԼҪСԼ尡

 
лҪ˵ĬĬܡ




 29 

ʰ֮ȾŰͳˣԳǰϵһŵСһ·ϰ㶵ؿųգһԲ
ȾȥԼĿϢ
С˼䲻ĿջסˡȾ°һ˼į˾Ʋȥ䡣
Ȼ
᲻ãΪҪߣȾ£һߵһʡ
һʱͷʵ档
ŶȾü
ȥ¥Ȼơ档
ȾһǣӦꣿ
Ĭ
Ⱦ룺ˣһֱֵƵģΪ⣿
죺֪ﻹң
Ⱦʼ磺֪𣿡
šüͷŴҲ֪ҺϲҲϲңֲֵܡ
㵹ÿȾԼ˰뱭СƣЦ
һùͷһˡ
ľôáȾ̾㸸һǡׯѪģ
һʱûзӦŴ۾ɵɵ
ȾЦһ㸸Һúչ㡣
Ҹףظ
ȾЦŵͷ
Ҹס֪ҡɵɵʡ
Ⱦٴεͷ
һֱӦ֮ǲ̫š
ڱ㡣ȾЦ˵ŵΣĸ׻òǻۣһġ
Ҫɣô֪
ȾһҡҡͷΪСʱ򣬲Щ̫ͷûкý
˭šüͷʡ
ˣȾЦ
Ȼû졣
Ⱦüô˵Ļİ֮İ
۾һʱûлӦ
ȾֵǰλΣô
֮ǰҽ硭ǡ
ȾͷСӵ˼άôôĵطȥһ޹˵˭뱣ഺأ
һ
ȾŶʲô̬ȣ塣
ȻԼˡʼ磬ùԼϣȾٱЦ޹ʲôģͲҪ˰ɣ
ȾССȣ漴ҲЦٱײˣСӣĺܶθڡ

ݣΪʲôǳݣü
Ϊĺɻˡ˵

ЦǱǧӣȥ£Ϳ˻
Ϊе㻳ɡ
ڷ˳ӹƶ͸ˡʼ磬ӿƲʲô£Ǵһ¶ǱСӣȥд̼Ѱġ
ŵͷ˵һֱ棬ӱ˴˽úܣΪΡ
еΣΪһЩССǰ¡
ôЦرأһΪ֮Ϸأţ׷ܣ
һʱʼ磺ţƺȤá
ļ磬ʾͬ顣
ƲۿΪû飿ǸȾͬڣһ˰Ҳ㴿
ɵۣŷǳ˵Ǳ뾡ҵǣ
ļ硣






 30 

ݣһҲҶ
ʲôȾɵʣ
ǮƹΪѵصͷ뿴ʵΪ
Ⱦ΢Цҡͷ޷ҲҺԵ֪˭ǻģ
ǮƹǸµĸ߸ˡ㿴ұҲûģʵﾽȣ˳ֺܸߡ
µĸ߸ˣȾüˣ
Ǯƹҡͷ࣬ϺǱߵ塣
Ⱦ˼صͷ𡭡֪ȥ
ţ˵ˣʱסڳﶫһլڵĳˡ

վǴլ棬Ⱦ԰˵ˡ
ǻִš˵
ԽǿžԽ뿴ûʱ𣿡Ⱦʡ
ҳԺûˡҡͷ
ȾƳһۣ㳤ôߵʱ˵ɡ˵㳤øߴˣǶǸС˶ˣ˵᲻ʹʧȤѽѽ죿
šüҪƤĻͲῴˡ
Ӵ㡣ȾԴ񵽵װʲô˰
㻹ȥ𣿡ʵú޹

լӣǮƹ˵ǸµˣȾΪʶˡ
·Ӵ˱񣬡λǣ
¶Ҳػش
ݶҵλܣʣҲλ˰ºˡ
ֱطֿǵӣ֪ǵɣȾֱ˵
˵ǧӿİʣǰǱ£ϧԼҪһλղصġ
ȾͷҲֻǺ棬Ҫһ۶ѣɷ񡭡
ΪһģֻλЩƢԣ˵ԺҸľĵطֺãȥۿˣɨǻ
ŶȾ̾һѵ£ǻԵ
ʵڱǸӡϿҵ˵

ջȾͰţ۵Сۡ
㣬ģϲǻһ£ʳ
û֪ϲϲȾ̾˵
Ǹ
ԲҪԿһ
ƲƲ죺ڸú˾ǲҪ㿴Ƶġ
Ⱦü˲Ҫҿ
ʼ硣
ൣΪ˭ҪҿҾͲȾһӡ
ʲô취
ҾȥȾ޷
Ҳ嶯
Ⱦͣס˵ʲô취ȥǻأ
ͷţǽ
ȾһЦݣӿɽҲ

ҹҹµˣլӣһѰϧһ
ǵڶҹָŷ㼣һլԺȻ
򲻸ˣҹϱߵһլԸԳѾõİ
⿴ˣȾͳһȫĹߺСؽǻ˳Ŀɿڴؿһоٶ
ȻȾԼŻ裬߶׼תˣֹ㲻ҿߡ
㿴ͲôôȾס
˻ȻȾԼױԼ硣
֪µҪס㣬ôִšĻǰҡҡͷϰ治á
ൡȾƲ죬ҹˮΪ׷ң
ǣлӡıסǽȥҺúлл㣿
ʶûûзһš
ʶأüҵĹѡ
Ⱦʼ硣
һֱԱ߿һУؿܲſӣҪӵأǹԹǰʲôġһ񿴹̹ü˳۵ǰ硭
ԣҲݣúһЩ飿ļ
Ҫ̻ͷȾȴһۿǱ߾Ȼλ˲ʯ
ǣ߰ɣܲġ





 31 

ǿȵشլĳ䷿֣߿ȥǲ
Цرأô
̧ۣؿ˵ҪҪҲһ£
Цϡ
Ƕôô桭ֶôĿŵءȻǱȾôѾ
ҪҪҪҪ
һ̣ѾԼ̧°ͣǣ˵ҪҪ
ŵĵͷҪ
ԸݺݵȥһŭֵǺȻʮֵİϧǰʲôһץȺݺݴһƨɵ뷨׵צ۹ˡ
ץζļ򣬿Ҫǵ͸ձſʱһСŴ
㶼ôЦ£ϴҲ
ֲᣬš
̲΢ζ̴⣺ôһģ
塣ش
֪
㻹ʡ
ôģԵؼʡ
ţؤҼġ˵
ôؤģ档
ͷ̾ĵؽԼ˴ؤ齲һ顣
۵ãļҺڵ꣬ͷǲ
Żͷصͷţ
̾ߣظ˿ŶһȦ
ûаգգۣΪ˺ͽʵˣ㲻֪ؤС壬ÿ춼ԵҳŵҪ
С쵰ҧҧ
ɫˣҪȥˡƵģҪ
ȥȻǰܶ
Сȥݰͷ˵
ǣܻصȥ
ǲ⣬šüͷ룬ȻȻ
ü
죺ôȥ
°ͣӣˣ

ڶϣ򿪷ţ᷿Ҳ򿪣ˬس䡣
ΪʲôûԵ
ҹŰһͬϴ˴Сȴװһƣ벻˯ӣ˯˹ȥڻȴ޿κΡô
Ĺ˸к񿰿Ӧˡ룬δ㡣
Ҫȥ̨ɽ˵
ʺι𣿡ʡ
ϱһֱԸţβڱ˵Ц
ôһֱ֪ԭҳ󰡣
̻ҿû㣬Լһֱȥġ
ȾһǰԶЦңҹæûüкء
ӿҲԼý塭
ȾЦҲˣҵµȥţŰҪ鷳úչСֶˡ
Ҹ֮¡Ļ
Ҳ֪ʲôӪҲСʲô˵Сֶò˳ĵĻȾ˵
Բᣬҿڴġɫ
ǵءȾڰֻ֣֪ôһ˶Ҳпɽġ
ǰЩϧסȾ
ǰĸ֡˵ҲģңǰĿɽ
ǾͺáȾЦ
ߵſˣ۾硭
硣Ⱦǰס򣬡ҹ˯ÿɺã
ͷܺá
ȾߵЦݣŶµ࿪ڵȻҸղǷ˵ʵҲǺͬѽҡ






 32 

ĺȾʱӳٴߡȾǰйӻͳһݸô౦һҲ
ɻ󣺡ǰҡ
ױĶҽ軨׷ѡȾЦȻҲҵġ

һλ֮иңԺ󣬱ֽ㡣Ⱦ˵
˭档
Ȼ㡣ȾЦ̫֪ûоϲȤˡ

ˣȾ΢΢̾ǰסĵĹҪǰ˫ۡ
Ȼ⣬ҲԹԵͷţһġҲء
ԡȾſͷЦ

أŰǰʡ
ʡ
ôóóȻֻܳһʱ֮ɣЦʡ
ȷʵһʱ֮˳㴳һ½ѣ˳˳ˡ
ôȥʡ
ڳɡ룬ش
һ⣬ʲôĵطɻ
ţˡ̻ش
˭
ҵٸ㡣
˹ԼϣȻǸѧˣǰǲҵġ
죬𻰡
ʧЦ͵һһ£ȴûоܾôߵأᣬȴݾܾؽ
̽΢յ˫˿űݣЩȴ⣬ĦֻѰô
΢΢˺ȴſҧŰĴ˵ñӺ
˵ٶס˷Ѿ࣬˫΢΢Ŷǰ½ȴȫû
ⷬģܲĶ̧̽ȴһšüͷ
ôͣ¶˵ԼԶǿ¡
Ҫƿ񣬵˵
Ϊʲôε㲻ϲ
Ҳǡ˵
ߣЦЦ
ҡͷ
ˣʲôԵĵطøҲܸǣ
ͷָԼú󣬲ίί˵òªֱԲ
ָߣЦ𣿡
죬
ȻĬϣҲס°ֱͣԼҡ𣿡
գգ۾ҧ촽
ȥ±һ㶼ϧһһףסЩ
һˣַſǽ˫ڴ˷ģʲôӣԺʲôӣҽ㣬ţ
һŻȴ֣صصͷظ뻳̾Ϣĥ˵Сӡ
˾ӵãо̧ͷ˫Ҳͷӣģ
ΣϿĵůůЦҲЦͷˣЦø𣬱۾ὫԼ
ϲ֮࣬ܰסԼ˫һᱧԴ̤ȥŵڴϺ󣬲Ʒɨһᣡ

 
лҪ˵ŷչز̫㰡ȿȣĽ




 33 

=================ĬĬصķָ=====================
ݣ
=================ĬĬصķָ=====================

һعϰԵرסͷͻȻֲԣͷӦôӲӲģȵģ
ۣǰԼŵŵĽʵţһ̧ͷЦӳģȻɺһһģգȾȫӦԺҪѿӵù˫ۣϴ˴䵽ĳطֻһٶ
ͦչɫǺǡЦţ͵͵˵
е㾽֪˵ʲôŵΣҲ̧ͷʾģȥ
šɴ˵
ؿؾͺֵۣͷ˼ңһҹʹ
һ˵ãϽſԼҲҪƿ顣û£ӰԼ˸ʵʵֻ¶һС棺Բࡣ
εȰ壺ԣҿ
ҡͷҪҪԷҶˡ
ɵأ㲻ִ㡭
ҡͷβˣġ
ֺֺЦؿһž˴£Żҿ
ҡͷҺߡ


ȶլ緹ٻصʱ򣬼ŰѾϣվͭǰͷǰӹϵӣô᣿
Թصһۣۡ
ϰ˾Ͳˡ
Ʋ죬˲š
΢΢ЦţذͷʹۣҹҲûͣ£Ϊʲô
ֺ
Цţ
žضϵӣԼɴͷͷŰһۣϲ㣡
̸Ĩһ޿԰Ρǰӵסôžӣžеˣ
Ʋ죬۾žеӰ
ϲϲϲòˡ˵ϲǰģĹ˳Ҳϲ̹ʵıԼ
˼˽ϰһףֻƲ˵˵ôϰġҲ˵
Цãת濴۾ûģЩҲĻֻ˵
ӣȴҲЦգ°ͣͷϡ
緹ˡǸǼһ̣һŷŽһĻ֣Ҫ˳ȥ
磬ηſͷ
Ȼֻſڸûߵķ̤ЦǸãį֮˿˺ʰ
ǣţߡ΢΢ţЩ̧ͷ
̣Ҳ£һСӣҲǾˡռԼҿܳ
ԹԵи񣺡÷Цˡ
Цãϲ֮£Ҳܿ˵סС˰ɣ
һŰࡣ
λкδ㣿ҲԼаӱʣҶųˣ˰ٻȥ
ѡ˵
ĬĬ̧࣬ͷҪȥҽ
ţҵľⶾҲǵ֮ҹǿ࣬Ҳɫ
ţһָò˳ⶾ˵
һüָò
ᶨصͷ
һɲˣСӷһӣҪָò֪ҪжǣæʵΪΣ
ҵҪŴòƯʲôƯ˵ʼնԶ̤¥һ¹ڻ
񳶳ǣļ򰲸ȻƯˣƯʲôģǹ⿴Ƥ࡭
ߡȫŵؿһۣͷࡣ
εؿ̧ͷӶͷ򲻶ϳ鴤ĳˣûأҪЦЦ̵ôࡣ
̧ۡͷŶӣЦĶңҲн죬ɻ
ֵͷ˿Ӱ͵İ̾һҪһСȰǿ治һûԩȥˡᡣ





 34 

ӵͷҲң㰲ҿ˼빤ⶾǶҪģǲصġȾ뿪ǰǿ壬һŷ⡣ŷֻװһֽֽдųݽһׯĵַһϸĵͼ
ŰֽĵسЦѳһЦˣˮڣҵ˵ɡ

˳ŵͼͰ׵ؾҵǴطݲԶǰ͵ĴׯȻʺϡͰѰˣ˴ŵͺòȴƺ֪
ͰԿһۣũ򣺡ȷʵûаֵֺǺǵ˼ң
ũҡҡͷȷʵûУ߸ߵݵƢŹֵ˼ҵһ
лˣл棬˼סأ
ÿũҲЦЦǰתһСԺ
лˣ뿪󣬱ͰٶԿȥҿ
ţȻطûеġͷ
ũָǴСԺŵģãûӦ㳢Ŷ롣
ԺҲûˣǰǣŰ߽ȥߵԺм䣬ŵǼﴫһ룬Сʲôֱ𣿣
ͣ½Ųֻƾָصǰݷá
ݷһͷʲô
ǰǷһҽľˣʡ
Ҵˡͷ˵
񿴿תţ˲νָʾǲ˾ٱ⡣
ǹҺ£˼Ҽġ
һǰͻ֪ˡ
ھһסְʮ㣬ҲöԸءǲ֪Ⱦʲô˼
ŴˣȻũԣһ߸ݵүźȻֳ
Ͱæһ˺һ̨ףҲˣˬ뿪Ҫٷͷ˰ɣ
ʰĲǣ
ʵҡͷ
С˵ע⣬һ񿴹ȴǶ˰ϡ
۾޹ػ
˻˹ǣŰ˺һ
ʲôˣֲǡүһ˭ҵģ
ӡ˵
үһݣŰǸʲô
գգۣУһ塣
Իͳݸˡ
˽ӹûϸϸؿŰʲô֣
η塪˵Сӻϲ֪Ϊη塭
˼һˤӣׯӵĶ
񰵰ȣܣĸ˫ʡ
ʵ϶ˣһۡ
ͰסŶЩ֪롣
˼Ű⼸˺ɼǣ׸ģ
ɵصͷ
Ȼģʡ
ֵͷ
ʲôʱģʱ΢΢һ
ʱ򡣡ʵشƾֱƺЩϵ
һʵ϶˾ȻЦƭң˵Ѿˡȴû뵽Ȼһ˵ҸúƭңǸм
㶵ģҲ֪ңȻҴδҲޡ
ҡҡͷɵ㶵ԸһҲҡ
ɵɵģǱġ
̾ԭ
ǻüĿһƺЩˣƺʲô֪İ΢΢ǡ
Цʲôһۣٿһ˽յ֡
и񣺡氲ˣȻټĺɽҵˡ
ҵˣ
Ц
˼ұһȻǸɵСӣȽݰɣ
ɵסЦЦǣ˽ݡ

ӱϣ̧֣ǵ˲ˮæл˹ӹ
⹫˿
Ϸвչܣʿλ֣Ѿ֪˰ɡ˵
򶫷
ͷ꣬󽫾ͶѹųնͬʹѻĳİŮ
ʡ
ͷܣ꣬ʲôİɡ
Цʲô᣿Ĳ٣Ůδϧǻʵۣӵĸףӵ⹫ֱӾΪǿ˶ѡ
Ȼ
̽ţ⣬⹫
ܿҲôˡСʱûٳԿͷɣ
ҡҡͷá
ӣҲáվߵߣ棬ұӰҵ㣬ΪңΪױġ
ȡ
Ĭһӣȥ𡭡ȻһҲǷ赽ӡ
ֵĬȻ̧ͷ޷޵أôôЦң
ŤͷסЦ⡣
˻üѵȥĻҲǲԣλӦɵó
ֶס漴šüͷһҡͷҲȥ
Ϊʲô˼ƺЩȤ
Һòײųġ˵
˵ǽСòס
úɽֽҶûпꡣ˵ôȤ顭ҲûҵҽҵУС
̾һ
ɻ󣬡úһΪҪΣ
ʹôɵ㶵ˣҲץĳ嶯ʲôкúһ
ЦΪƤǺ£
סүƺվԼߣЩϲ
㻹û˵ɡ˵
죬ڶǰǿֱ׳˼ǰͻȻе顭
ղ˵ĻУʲô˼ʡ
¸Ť󣬽Ŷֲ֪ôش
̾һٶǲУôһүӰ
ȻүֻعŴ⣺߰ɡ
ζԣŰиǣǰռˣǺϲġǻȥضú׼´ζ¡ذݷá
˿棬ûлӦŰ߳ȥ
ߵſڵʱ򣬰ͻȻͷ⹫ɲҪ߰һģ
סЦһɽǺá





 35 

һ߰οԼ˵⹫Լ϶Ҳܸ˿϶Ҳú׽̸һһֵǹŹƢһԼãǲǲټԼˡìŵİڶձҪŶһͬȥ⹫
ʵҲһĿҲһͬǰȥǸСׯ
ԺŵģţȴԾӦŰȥˡ˵ǼӵȴǴš˶һۣšüͷȥһȻһˡֻϰһ⣬Ǹġ
չֻֽԾּͬ˵Ը㣬չǰ
һֱҶڳıɽӣΪŮͰﱨֱռ㣬ŻȻ˹ԭһжֻӹšΪҲҪһƽس󣬿ֵ˳صĶͲӦϡҲӦŻмûЩ޵Ķֵڡԭһֱδоһ⹫ӦΣҲԭһβڶҵıӻ£úܺáֻǼδɪ֮УҲнҽЩı׼Ķһ㣬ֻҶ΢ԺҪҵĵطȾѰңѰ
ɵֽۣٿ񡣶ŷﵹһǰһձȥ壬һǸͭƵơ
Ȼˡŵŵ
ǰʲôʲô⹫Ȼû˵ٿе̾ҡͷıֶһ
ҲŲҪʲôǷŭֻҪҵ⹫ҵˣ
úúãȥ⹫ȥиӡæ
ִ̾⹫Ըңʲôá
ˣҲЩæ˱ڻţ⹫϶ģģԺлټ
վûסʪ˫ۣڶ˸ʹ졣

ȻõϲãȻʧȥıˣðʵ˺һӡһҲ˵ʹڴǰ棬񿴵ۣȴҲ޼ƿʩ
ĥţҪСһԸָòʲôġ
ǰⷽ飬ͺìѽ
ǿưȥ̽ˣʵһڽϸʡĽ鱦޶ƱǹǧʿʲôģһӴѻҡһΪٿԳưһʵˡ
⣬ݼױҲ̫ʵ˰˰Ҫô죬˵ȻǼױȻǸˡ
΢ģҲҪô̽

ڳϢ˰£飬Ȼȥٴӳ顣ͷӦˡţûСô˵ۣԸ龫ֻԼͷ۲ѣҲ֪Ҫѻöٱ
˷˴ظһ·ϣڻŴơ
ѾҪ˰˵
ţϵﶬ̫䣬ش𣬡ȱġ
ʶжأ˵
˰ɡЦЦ
Ҳʮءĵ
սֱۣ㼸꣬ǸɵɵС쵰
ǣͷƤһЦǲҲΪ˰
סͻȻԼԼһ͡
ֻͷڶ䣬Ҹλã˵Ҫû¶ʲôģڻһ⾰ء
һ£̳׵ľò⹫ȴԸ𡭡㶨뷨һе߲࣬ʾ乬뷽跨㸸׵ע⣬õĳ谮һ죬߳ûΪױ⹫ڴڼҵ㣬Ƕᰵгı´ҡ
ۡ̾
ǡ
ҵõ׵ĳ谮Ͳס乬Ͳʶء˵
עҪʶأ㻹ǻʶҵģҲһ㶯ģ˵ʱΪŰɸءЦ
ۡЦҡҡͷ
Ҫ𣿡ʡ
룬ҡͷҪ
ЦţͷȥԺ󣬸˵˰ɡ
šͷ






 36 

ݣۡ
ͰؾصġȻǵ̣յƷϺôۡһԼŵĶīһӣͶڣﰵ鴤ⶼʲô˰˴֣һǾϷı顣ϷˣΪʲôС춼ڣ֪̻Сô
ȡһ²豭
Σ
ȥˣЦʡ
̵Ļ֪ˣԭ¡ͷԹԵ˵
Ŷ֪ˣЦ
һش
汻ˣ㵹֪
ͷϴ̬ԡ
㻹СԶˣ˵
̵ĻҲػش𣬡ҲǴ˾ͻֻǣӣѰ˵ʱѾڳˡָӵʾѰһλˡ
Ⱦʡ
ǡ
ʣλˣ
̣ǰ⹫˵
㲻Ǹĸ˫޼ҿɹĹ¶ü
̣˵ΪһЩԵʣδȫ̡
Ŷǣ˵һΡ
ȥ̽öʱڶסǴլġʵȫг
̲ǡ
ˣұɽСԺİȡ
̿𣿡
ͷҲ谮ֻŲסںɽСԺ
ī򸾺ͶڶԿһۣ̾ԭǸѻӰ
⹫ʡ
⹫йܡ
̻Ȼ򣺡ԭˡ
ī򸾺ͶٶԿһۣԭиͨѹ⹫
εؿǣιιϷͿϷвҪôĿŵֻòã
⹫ԸټңжԺ󣬾ˡЩĵ˵
ĺӣûϵǶҵȱ۳ġЦŰο
ǰǰһˣ㹻Сӳˡٴνһ
ţлл̣Ϊ˴л̺͸λ㣬⹫ҵĶȫ磬֣ͻȻŤΪױ
ۣˣںȲһڲˮûȲҲԼĿˮǺòС
΢΢۾ֿɫĪ⡣
εأǣվߵ룬˫˫£Ͱһ棬̴Ӧ





 37 

һӱЩءϷˣҲ΢ī򸾽ǰգգۣͷһкǺ档
£̶豭ʡ
ͰѾ̴Ӧ̳ȫȻţ̧ͷη塣
ž̽豭ؿĵϡ
̧ͷֱֱؿŵ̡
ͬӡ˵
֪
ֵܡ˵
֪
ӱ˻ֶ̼˵
ǾͲҪôӰˣҺ磬ʲôĲĶˡ
ˣȻҪԴǡЦ̵úడ
ʲôĲģ̸ˣֺͰʰ
ţǣŮӣֽԼ°ڣ˵Ѿˡ
Ҳ̲סڱŶЦ̱ϣ治ͬ찡һ˾ˡ㻹ˡ۹
ī΢һ㣬ҲϵЦ⡣Ǹ
ƺҲ̲סҪЦǳ˵
ŲŰίί˵ױˣɲܷڡ
ȣɤӣȻѾȫûԤϵķչ˳СˣĿɽܶģȻǶңҪԿҲ¡
̿һԱϿЦãʣνױж٣
١𣬡ۺϻƽʮһʿǧ
ȫңʡ
šͷ
ãȻˣɲܷڡ̿Ի
ͷڡ
ַ̧԰һ취ûС
Ȼ֪ͬѰôֱ˵ؾ̯ƣֺֺЦʲôױȻǲ񣬲ȫûʡİСǮʲô
˺ˣɡ̰ڰ֡
ǣŰ
뷨˵ĺ֪ٵĵɡ˵ҿɲܡ
ǣ̡˵һ氲ϥϵĻҳ
СͻȻðһ
عͷң
쿴ţС
ǽСͿˡЦ˵
ޡͷ
Цţ԰֣
Щɻ󣬵ԾɹԹԵ߹ȥ
Լϵĺ˿ϵŵʨӣ֣ϣ˵öԣΣһˡֻǳɩĸǵҴϵģ͸㣬һ֤ɡ
ллɩǣЦ
񾲾ţһĨЦ⡣

ҹڶ˳˰СԺŲǲڴη壬ЩнŲȴֻ΢Цţһƽģūžͷġ
ʹ˱ŲűһԵĶݡ
һһž͸°ͱ̧ӭһҪסǡ
һ߱ߣҲ˱һءڱƵڴʱͻȻأôû
ǣ˼ģҲŬ
ٴζסİֳ˼ֻܽ˫ֻ϶񣬺ޱسֳԼ
===========================Ϸָ===============================
ݣ
===========================·ָ===============================

ſڶϣ˺һ󣬲Żع̧ͷֱŶ
ظеεģʶأ
ͷ
˵Ѿ뿪ˡ˵δ֪ԭ򡣡
ſȥ૵ѽ
ιҿҪԴˡв
Ĭһ˵лƽʮ𣿡
ôԱˣЦ
ʣʮأ˽𣿡ʡ
ŵ㻨Ǯġһ⻬ƨɣʾ˵ĳͷ
̧ͷģ
ûȻΪأ
öǮָͷ
񳶳ǣιιɫ簡
šר
磬ǣһء
šӦʱѾŷת˸ѹʵʵ
˵ҹء





 38 

ص˱ңѻɽĹ򶫷ѹǲŭɫӹһѺͰЦ϶һߵļЦӯӯ˵ˡǳ鴤ţȴҲ
ŶҲڣڼңǰģһȥ칫ȴϰգˮĴ۾磬左úܣϢ
ͷǳ鴤ţˡ
ʼ磬޹
ûͷȳȥˣû¿Ļȥߣһ㶼ڡ
ţҪȥء˵أ֪ˣŶ

ԼԺ̽ͷ̽ԣЦɩ
ѽ㲻ҪȤˡüͷ˵ıؽ
ʲô£Щ档
°ͷϵĻƽʱû¾ڼЩǮ𣿡
ֶѡ˵
ڼֺлԻȲҵɥ־Դ
ڳǣ㵽˵ʲô
գգ۾ֻǺܺ棬ʲôأ
ʼ磺Сӱôࡣ
ǲǰɱҰصЩգգۡ
ɫЩ죬˭ǸɵСţ
ʼ磺ѽѽȻס乬ЩϻнŹżҲҽȤѽ
أɩкιأ
תӣͷ˿Ƿĵ̾Ҳ֪òª
ǳ鴤úܲԾ
Ȼһֱ˵⣬ǡĵ˵ǣһǺѽƽʱ칫ʲôģȥЩ³Щò绨Ĺǣ϶ϲġ
ڰ˺󣬶Ұͷֱٲߣˮ֮в԰Ρ
ʱ̧ͷȥЩʲôģЩŷˣȥѧѧ˵Ҹ⣬ȥЩط
ٴο϶СƽʱڰϻƾܰѰ׵˵ɺڵĵı£ﱿﱿﱿ
ȣˡڳŴͷ
̾ӣҲӡһᣬٹҲɴˣʲôĵطء
ģģҪ硭ԡ
רµˣһ֪ôѻƽһƱİɣ̧ͷʡ
˾Ⱦɣᡣ

¥ǰźɫɴӣ߸Ǹ԰˵ˣǻǻȥɡ
Ѿһ̤˽ȥ˻ƵᣬҪǵĻ
߸û취ֻиŽȥɴµɥţô񽻴
һΪ컹Ŀʾ˵ļһʱڴҰ¥Ļ˿ģ
һ̧һ䣬һƮƮֽŵϣǧԿ𣿡
ؿڣһæֽʵǧƱ
ԿԣԵȣȥҴ䱦ðͶ£˿衣
£Ŷ磬ɣҲֻƵס
еĻǱߴ䱦Ѿ¥ݿڣߴſһ죬һŭҲ
źɴĿתǴ˵еľɫһ˱öһ̻ͷʶڣôˣ
ںǵ첽ߵǰ磬ˡ
ᣬһƣ̫ԣЦҪԲⲻǶôϴδ䱦źúãˣӴǺǺǺǣҰ
ʦ˻ؼҵģһ˵˵Ҫ⣬æȻȻźɴǶܸܵǹŨŨ档
˺ܱҪ
ǰ̽֡
ôżʲôôʲôش㲻ʲô
ˣתݺݵɶһۣҪô𣿣
ں޹㶼ƲסˣôܶԸˣ
뿴Ϸɣ
ʼ磬ɴµЦ⣬ѽѽˡ
ǰ˫ִϰļ򣺡Ȼؼңòã
һĿ֣ΪʲôҪؼңﲻҲΪʲôҾͲԣ
Ŷͷػ˭˭ϴ̸һԵİɣ
䱦˸񣺡ңǴ䱦
ͬһͬضңȻΪ֤λ˵һ£ҳ̸⣬ʲôûɷ񣿡ʡ
䱦üʹźɴ֮俴˿ЦݣȻԡ





 39 

ϣڴߣ˭ҲԿŴ⡣ߣִ֣ЦǶںʹ䱦ڵͷ۹۱Ǳǹģ䱦󷽣ЦӯӯؿЩĳ档ںͰѾɴñǼ̳˶ҹеĺòǱģȴǸĿĿĳСӡ
·;ңԶûйãѾ˶Ҹۡ
³òطŴ䱦˳ȻǶҪȴһĿ
Լ³ǰһ£˶û˹̶ڻУˣһкܶ๫°Ļ̺ʹ粻Źҵѽ
ƳһۣתͷԴ䱦˵ǽȥ˵
䱦ȻͷѾ˵üĿ
һ˴ãͻȻת˵Ҫʹ䱦ﵥ̸ȳȥ
ͶڶԿһۣʼ磬ȥˡ񿴿ֿǴ䱦ֻ䣺䱦˵ʵ飬¸м
䱦񣺡ҷģ䱦֪޲޲
лֿ˿תȥ
˿˲裬Ŷؿ¥ͷ˵ɣô¡
գҺͺμ¥䱦ȿڲ裬ЦڣμҹǸɫ֮ͽߺüţصġ
Ƕأʡ
Ҳкü䱦˵ҳǵ⣬ǵֶûһ¡
ģۡ
䱦Цӯӯһ˿âȴǴս˰ߣش𣬿ģ
ҧס촽ʲô˼
䱦Цŵ˵ʵأ
ʹ˵ӡӣȴ˵ֻǼŻ˵
ҵգνӵұءǴ䱦̵ңô̵ģ䱦˵˰ɣ䱦ǺЦ˵꣬Ȼ뿪Ķߣֶ豭һڲ衣̧ͷȻ˵ɴ۾
䱦ֺһڲ裬ż֣Ҳսߣֻ˵

䱦۾ŵ˴˾룬뿴˵Ļ٣ȴѾ˫ۺˮűӣίӡ
㡪䱦ǣ˵
߰ɡһ仰˵꣬Ѿߵӣֹסػա
⵽ǰ㣿ԼСӸϷŪˣ䱦δŪףѾҭԲȻȥˡ
˵꣬㲻ȶԷӦתСԼԺȥ´䱦һˣãͻȻЦȻʲôԭǱСӸѽ





 40 

صİһڴǰĬĬᣬ̿Ȼ󱻽е鷿µĶò֪䱦ѾлȥˣСԺӣͿĽһĻ
ôǣǰвõԤС
ٿػͷ׵Ĵ۾ؿ
ǹ˵ʲôˣֱйء
˵㣬˵ӵұӣ˵㡭
ûУֻ쳣ʲӻΪʲôҪݺ
ʲộô̵ģ޺
ûУΣǰ˰˽ڻУңҾûи㡣ʹʱҲûҶĸоҲѾʶﲻԸˡ
˵ѡȻǲŵġ
Ҳŭ⣺ԸһزʶĻĻҲң
㶣漴ø㻹ҡ
һûƢҲ㣬ֻǣֻ㲻ҡ
ûƭңΪʲôҪܻ߳ŭͷĵʡ
߳ŭֻ쳤̾ԣֻ㣬ֻãֻôҷƢˣҲĺҾ֧Ȩ
ûбˣ̧ͷһ˫ˮϴͨ͸˫ֱŶ
ڲУҲСҲغӣᶨ˵ԲṼ
ʹֱֳ׷ʡ
Ц㲻ҲеǰӣУΨһвֹͣ¶Ĵڡ
ֿһţൣʲôģ˵ô
ֻһ˵̾ƫ㻹
һŴƵ˭˵Ҳ
Цţ̫ʦϣͲ۱˸˵ʲô㶼джᣬǲ˵ġ
Ŭ죬ȴ
ˣšһͷ
ش
ˣöͷġ
Ťͷ
°ͣǹԣ硯
ŲСƲ졣
УС硯ǽ򡯰ɣԣ׻׻ա
ϧ˵ǰšͣڣ󶫷ˣֻһȥĥš֪ûЧ

һֱڳһֻлŮʼ磺ʲô򡯣ǡԦء

ڶϣһ˵Ķͷˬ磬ҲֹŤ˰ɡ
㳳ñȥݣȻϴϣ̾ŻжٹҪ߳˶Ҵլ
ϵ磬˻Żһš
񲻿ŵؽӹ򿪿Ϥľдžıʼ
磬˼ǰշת࣬Ǿȥҽҳȥϰָ̺ۣòԼСµģ
ֶֽڶ̧ͷүأ
ѾڶˡĨһϵĺˮ
֪ȥĸ򣿡ʡ
˵˿ųȥˡ˴
æصߣдһţˣһȥ̣˵ҵ̻
˽ӹǣҡ
Ѿһ˦ӱ˳ȥһӵºˣ㿴ҿ㣬Ȼҡͷ̾

˵ܻ׷ų˳ţĥδ˶ҪһƨɣСӲúýѵһ»ǲ֪ʲôǷ٣
ܹһ·ߵĲ弣ͻȻסһ˻ͣȻҳɢȥ˲ŵǸеغŲĴźɴñСӰͻȻﲻԾȻӰҲ˷֣ܵ磡
񳶳ǣȥڣ˵ôô
˼˵ͬϴһСӰһصȥͷѯʺͰţְȥվ׷ųġ
뿪ڵһ仰ҪֳأһѾְڰ֣ϸʲôȷһߡ
ŰԻͳһŵͼ򿪣ϣָ㣺أߣһֱߵȥȻУȥ֣ȥϣ١
ȥʲôıѾþˡ
ȥɽ̧ͷЦ˵
Ѿ
ģǱѾ˵һˡһĵı飬ĹҲӦʱ߸෴ģ߸ĹţȻǰҪ飬ҲþڼС̻Ӧģ
ǣͻ˹һ
ѽѽ˼Һò״ųŲҪ㱻ʲôĸסܶȻ̧ͷᶨأˣɲܷԼ룡
Ķͷǳ׷ˡǰὫӵԼɴñͷ㰡
ˣȻİ֮˵Ը룬ͺһʵȥɡɽʲôģҲǺܲء
ſȻϵĵͼٷһΪǮȥ
ţЩ⡣
ȻҪܣȻҪ·źò׷ϰЦ˵ԼҲȥˡ
һߺȣӻ
Լʣ̲ˣ
š
߰æӣ
š
ǿɲУܿ챻ҵӴҪ컻
Ŷ
ѽѽõọ́ſʼŶ

ȫ꣩

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红ִֹͯ쳣˵ˣʱӦҲˡīͷ
ƾʲôĹҪڵɴ۾
̷²豭㻹˵ҪǮһǧȥ¥ôһô⣬ôִҪָò
ԶԣͻȻʲô˹
ţҲ˵ˣȻΪԼ˽εΪǻ涫¡ǡ鱨ͷȾ˽ԻЩ顣̼˵ôھͺĹʱһɡ
ͻȻ۾òš
Ϊͷ죬һֱҲûٳԿˡī̾ҲúϢһ°ɡ
ڻǲţȻôһ
ʲôϢΪǿӲ֪ذһҪͺܶ˴򽻵ҿǰΪͰȥɽˮѻô๤û
ںݺֽᡣ

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