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һ  ҳ

Щص䣬һڴĿĵšͣʱ򣬲ŷ־һҾưɵſڡεǣǣԭҲ֪Ҫйһ°
ţ佻Ӧ΢쿴ŷԼҴææܳϰƷôǻݰɵ˰ɡ
νˣڵѹǻŭûжľЩˡ
ڽɳһһĹҾƣ¶Ǻ󷽾̹˵㡣һϻţ΢۾ֵȺȻưǺhighġ
۾ӳǰһĻģһһۡԼգԼΪǸѹֵãǣȴ˵ԼЦҡҡͷ૵Ҫ侲һ²𣿡
ֽӦ˾ǮӻƳȥ
ӭ洵΢΢Щ⡣Ѿǳˣϻǻ䣬䡣
ֽ⳵صԪƵ꣬컹סƵɡ
˾Ƶ׷䣬ó˯߽ԡңʹʹĳ˸裬ճֻڽУһĻϺȻдĪ֣پŭεֻǣжأȻһӵɳϣһǳɡ
ЩȻڴϣ˫ֽקŴ͵굽ϣקűӸסԼԴһסҲǾƾˣ˯˹ȥ





ڶ  

һѹʱ֣ЩձĶӣ绰˷в͡泯ڴ˺һᣬ´ϴ
Ҵҵĳ˼ͽĲ͵㣬ʵûɶθڣͽˣȻһڴϣ۾컨壬һֱ˯š
ôǷϵĹ죬ԼѾܷˣǰ챻ʬҡʬɳϵֻװãտһδʾʮšЩźδ磬ֱӲ˸롣ûͨˣǱߴԼٵ
֪Ķ
ûлشĻֻ˵˾䡰Ī̸̸ɣ룬ϵطҶ˵绰ػ
뻹һСʱԡҺúõس˸裬ױȽе·صػ˵ױھԼһЦݣݵſš
νġϵطǰԼ᳣һҿֻȿȡ
˵طĪѾˣһȣϻһΪ֭
ż˱Ĺ֭˶û˵ܾܾЩƣЩѹ֡
̾˿˵Īְɡ
ĪſȵӴ䣬ϣһ죬ҪҲҪ֣˵ʲôҲҪ˵Ͻץ֣֪ٸһλòãұ֤ԺҲˡ
֣ЦΪʲô֣ȥ˼𣿡
Īһҡͷε̾˿ҪپȥˣۣҲۡһŵɣԺûʲô£ǾͲҪˣĶһȫȡߡ˵꣬ٿһۣô˳ȥ
ܻͷ˵ʲôҲܻͷһֱߣ߿˾ͺˣ˶á
ʱ䣬ûиģֻٶĸҲֲʹ޷ԣѡ뿪
ְɣҶ֪Լ˵š
صƵ꣬ԡšˮͷˮޣްɣˣĽˡ





  

۾׵Ĵԡ߳ڴϣûޣۣ۾ڽ𣿿Ϊʲôбѵʹأ
˺ü죬ȥҷӣϾסƵҲǰ취
н鹫˾ǩ˺ͬǴӦһҵʵľʹ绰˽һ׮£ڽϹš
֪һŮЩɵĽ
ͷЩ㶣û뵽ЩεЦŴкӨӨ
ӨҲЩΣʱҸطİɡ
ȻЩų⣬Щ»Ҫ˵ͷӦ
ͽ˼̲꣬Щ˾ôš
ðΣӨȿ˵֪Բ𡣡
Ҷ֪ҡҡͷûʲôԵԲģѾĪˣҸѾûйϵˡ
ӨЩ˸е˵ԲҲ֪Ľ֪Ļҡ˵˵ţȦЩˣҲʡ
Ҷ֪ĻЩζ˵֪ĽǿЦ
ôһ̣Ө⸱ܶģǰôûأ
ͻȻֱץסˣӨֵ֪߬ԭһĪģǻѺòã
ЦҡͷҸĪѾˡķ֣ͷ
ק߬ŵ֣ӨӨѾû취ٸˣԣԺǼҲʶòã
Ҫ֪ԲҲٸĪһˣǻѲ𣿡Өſǻš
ˡԼѺͺڴϾʱ򣬾עԶ޷ǳΪˡΪǺܶģĵ¡
ƤƱϣһѾ޳Ө󲽵߳ѹֵϢĿռ䡣
һΣ׵Ľˡ





  

ڰǳجΣѾʮûȥϰˣס¶ҲĲˣֻҪȥĪûԼĶ¼ҾͿˡ
ǰֻѾӵˣȻҪǾ͡¡װɡ
ĪҵԿףûĶûɡ
Īҵʱպòڣ˿ҪǼĻ϶Ρ
ͳԼӣ鼮ƷװȥӰ˵Сôװţһൽ¥ȥӵæ˽һСʱܣԼĶɾˣԿ׷ڲ輸ϣվſڳ￴һᣬɵİŹϣеĻ䶼ŸӽԺǸȫµҶ֪
Īصҵʱ򣬷ֿҶ֪ĶȫˣϽܵȥ򿪹ӣȻ·Ҳˣ鷿ҲûˡȻɳϣ輸ϵԿףס૵һ㶼𣿡
۾Щᣬۣỹ˳۽ǻ䣬Ҷ֪Һġ
Ҷ֪Īûض֮󣬺ܿİ¼ңհǱ߱绰ȥսӵһcaseҶ乤һ㶼á
ִҴææĸϵңһæûûҹģȵİ嶨ʱѾȥˡ
ϴҪݼ٣ҶûôعңҪȥŮѡ
ϴҲҪݼ٣Ӷûú˯Ů˯߲׳ƵģҪúòߡ
ϴҪؼš
ϴ󡭡

߰˸ߴߴĳҪݼ٣Ҳ֪ŴˣͷţεcaseܿɹۣǷŰ¼٣²κcaseǸŵţòߵĲߣҪεľȥΣ֮ǵûС
Ŷϴꡣ˴һһɢ
뿪ļˣƵʰŶ
乤ԼģǽʦҵСѧձҵʱкüҹ˾ҪȥѡһǰϺõĹ˾һ̫֮ѽǮԼ˼Сң˼ˣһֱڣѾˡ
Ϊ첻أ־ͬϵļ˶ϲɵĹʽʱƴ۵ʱϢÿ׼ʱϰֻ࣬ҪɹСԣ乤Ҳһֱţ˵СûǮ׬
乤ңЦЩο
߳ң˿ʿǼ¶˵·ϱӷˣò˵еʱŽѹ˿ڡѹôĹ
ؼҵ·ϱ߱ţҪҪȥأȥã




  

յ¥£ֻĵ绰æ𣬡ιӡ
绰ͷԹСҶӣˣ¸ȥˣ֪ϵҡ
Ҷ֪Щڨڨ˵Բ𰡣æˣո㶨һcase
ͷһƴ
Ǻǣ쿪ʼҾϢˡ
ǸãȥҰɡ
Ҫˣ
ţķɻʮҵ˰гˣѹأȥġ
ţõģݰݡ
Ҷϵ绰ãѾдûˣͦء
صҺúõ˯һڶ˵𴲣Ĳˣȥ
ϵʱŸյʮ㣬һᣬĻʾšŦԼרȫִһŸˡ
ӡ
СҶӡ
ӵһҿЩԾɵʵôһˣĪϰࣿ
Ҷ֪Цôһ˻ӲִС㰡
һƣȥٸǶƶˡ
ˣƶˣԷȥɣ͡
ȻˣԶ㲻þһµ֮갡
ģֱ뿪
˵ͣճ˵ۣҶ֪ʹԼĹԢ
һվɳһ̯乫Ԣ
Ҷ֪ӱóƿϷڲ輸ϣҲɳ
ɶʱ򻻵ķӣûǰĴ󰡡
Ҷ֪ɳһסġ
Īˣպɵʵ
ûˡҶ֪ﵭ˵
һΪʲôһֱͦõģ
Ҷ֪ЦͻȻֲˣͷˡ
նëȻЦҲҲסˣֱ۵ӣôң
տ۾˵СҶӣСʶʮĽ飬ɶܸ˵ģ
Ҷ֪ﲻЦˣͷ̾˿Өˡ
Өü˺һᣬŻȻ򣬡ǴѧʱڰǸӨͷŭգ˵ǸӨʲôöھȻѶTM
ˣҶˣʲôҶ֪Ц
벻ĪȻȣƽʱû룬Ҷ֪§СҶӣģһҸĪõѣˮˣŮܺˣ۲ϡ
Ҷ֪ĻÿЦáˮҪĪôĻƵ°Ѫ
ô˵ﻹ࣬ѹġοָоһ˿Ҫ̫ˡջ۾˵˾䣬ӣлл㡣
ͷϣҲûĵʵСҶ˵ʲô
Ҷ֪Цҡͷûʲô
ƽʱϲɳʵ׵û׷ʣţ绰ûкõѡ˵žֻ̨ܵȥ绰
Ҷ֪Цãӻӣ뵽ɶ͸ɶԵжɡúܰģֱ˺ǻ˵Ƿյζǲ





  

жɵգԴǸ绰󣬱һֱЦͣЦҶ֪ﵨսľ
ӣ㻹
СҶӣߣҹȥҶ֪ɻߡ
˹СʱջķᣬСһʮҶ֪Ҳյġǿơ£ӡ
̳¥ĲҶ֪￴ŽűߵĶεĿŹ֭գӣֲμᡣ
Цأܡ
Ҷ֪﷭˷ۣͷȹ֭
صѾĵˣ۸ſɳʬһᣬҶ֪СҶӣȥϴ衣
Ҷ֪ŷۣϴɶ裬ĵء
վȥȥط
Ҷ֪ﱻϵԡңεĴԡͷϴʣȥʲôطȥôˡ
ͽ죬ɾûˡ
ʲôط
ҡͷ졣
Ҷ֪ΣʹûʳʲôÿζǣߡҪû⣬֪ٴˡ
ϴ˸֮󣬻ˬ࣬Ͻ͸߸ЬȻӵʣʲôûʳڣҲǰʣ˵طˡ
ո˸Ƚϸµױݣ󹦸֮ˡ
ȵ˵طҶ֪Ĭˣû뵽Ǵμᡣ
Ȼ俴һˣţ˾
˾عͷЦСҶӣþò
Ҷ֪ȻЦЦԭˣѹ⼸һֱЦء
˾նһۣЦ
Ҷ֪ˣѵ
СҶӣú棬Ѳĵ¶ȫ˾Ц˵
Ҷ֪Ȼ֪˵Īֵ£һۣ¡
νЦЦ߹ȥ˾ĸ첲ԶһԵҶ֪СҶӣ֮֮úܰɡ
Ҷ֪εĸǣߵȺС





  ʶ

˾˴кԲϲཻҶ֪ԵЩ룬˱ģ˵һ˳Ⱥһ˶㵽һ۵Ľ䡣
һ˵ˣ˵һЩ翵ĻôԼ˿񻶡
վڽ￴˾ղأ貽ѣһĽοպ˾ʱĻ飬ҸԵΪǸеˡ
ǵʱһߴӰסߡ
Ҷ̧֪ͷŵǰˣʶˣЩõüƽ͵˵˼㵲ˡ
ûκԾվ´ֱÿ췢ëˣЦ˾ѣҽйȷ磬Ҷ֪С˰ɡ
Ҷ֪ͷȻ˾ѣǿһˡ
ȷתҶ֪ﲢվţе˾գܰ䣬԰ɣ
Ҷ֪Цŵ˵ͷ˿ѣͦ˸˵ģ˵ֹһΪǻҸ顣
ȷ翴΢Цһ˲㶣æأĿбӡԺһֱǸЦݣˣ
һ֮Ҷ֪ӭȥȷ
պ˾첽أվһ𣬲Щȡ˾յֱۣʾȥҶ֪ȻҶ֪ˣվ
˾ߵȷߣײײЦ벻ٶô죿
ȷЦЦóʱ͸üʱ֣ˡղſɲֹһڴҶ֪˾æ˵Խˮ¥̨ȵ£ȱˣ˾Ҳû취ڴҶİ˵ʱȵǰȥ죬
СҶ㣬治֪ǸϲǸǰ˾޲̾
ΪǸϲģȻǣҲϲȷ˵
˾ҡͷѾʼɰСҶӽܸǲȷˡ
ȷЦе˵㻹Ǽȷİɡ
˾Цһ񺮣֪һֻˡҪţŲ׷СҶءΪҶ֪ĬСҶӣذ
ˣһֱܺ棬ôʶСҶӵģ˾͵뵽ȷ֮ǰһֱģӦûʶҶ֪İ
˵֪Ӧõõ㣬ԼȥյףȤζҲܶȤȨ˵ļ뿪ˡ
˾뿪ıӰҧгݵİϺꡣ




ڰ  ԭ

ǱҶ֪ﱻ֣֮ʵӣǸȷʶ𣿡
յͷǺѣʱǲæ
Ҷ֪˼ĵͷ
աꡱһЦ˳Ҷ֪ɻ󣬡Цʲô
ҡͷֻӣǲǶ˼ҸȤ
Ҷ֪ɴ۾ûذɣô𣿡
Цʵȷ˻˳˧ǡƵزϰ壬Ʊ޸Ůü֡
Ҷ֪ܲ˵ʹֱۣӣڲŷôܴ
ǺǣȻеţаٷ֮ʮĿŶȡ˵ײײ۾ҪҪһ£
ӣһԭ㻹ýšǱʡ
ʲôղĽе
ˣˣ֪Ȼ۾ΣյؿգӣǴ׵İɣ
ųһ亹æҡͷϣ˾߹Ͻ嵽ߣС˵СҶӻˣеô죿
˾Իһһգô֪СҶɲһĿֲ
ˡüĿ顱ĥʱҶ֪ߵǰЦزãɤʣ˾ǰףȻʾ䣬ȴǷǳ϶
˾ҡͷûˣվȺ꣬һװŸ죬һ۽Ҷ֪ֻҪһпƣϡתءæòֺ
Ҷ֪վһߣͲȥǣֻԹǶܣЦĵùһ㲻ʮ壬ܵ˺ܲңңȥʰǡ
˾նһҶ֪û׷ǣ˿ʶСҶڲʰǣȥңЩͷɥ
ȥҹȷ磬ǿɶΪǵСҶӵģø𡣡˵
˾ҲǣҹȷǼһĺܣû׼а취СҶˡǵͷӦʣһͬȥҡסȥˡ
ȷ˵꣬ЦĿǣֿ˿վԶߵҶ֪ЦҸҿ϶û
պ˾ͬʱš򡱣Ʋ˵СҶӵȻǵֻСҶӲˣɲǵĳԡ
ȷ죬Ǻں
Сһ鳤ģ÷ķСԺ˵
Ŷ벻ǹϵôܰ
˾죬Źȷ磬ˣòˡ㲻ȥοһСҶӣ
ȷҡͷͷϣҹȥ͵ԼײǹڣУҵñֵ󡣡
ŭӲ¶Ҳο㻹ûȥأڲŲ˵㣿
ȷ絫ЦҲûˣŻǻȥɡ




ھ   ӵcase

˾ûöȷ񡱳ֻôͷɥĻصҶ֪ǶȥͷһͷҲһ糬
Ҷֻ֪ǣһ仰û˵ȥ·ϣǰδеĳĬ
һҶ֪ĹԢձСҶӣˣҾҸõѣҪǲϲԺ֤ˣòã˾һæͷ͡
Ҷ֪̾˿֪ΪҺãҸոĪ֣ʵûǸȥʼһµ顣
ձ֪ԲСҶӣ̫ˡ
Ҷ֪ЦŻرлл㣬ӡֿ˾㣬лл˾
˾ЦЦȥסӵˡ˻࿴ţЦ
˺һɿҶ֪˾ϺӾסɣһͷء˵Լķȥ򿪷ŵ˲䣬˵һݵļ˰ˣΪͷ˵꣬ʯˣϷš
òܶ˺СҶӣݡ
ڴϵҶ֪ЦЦ۾Ӧΰɡ
ڼǷʮ죬ҵ˴绰˵ˣҲֻһ£ȥϰࡣ
ϴcaseһһұרŽcaseĴ뺰
Ҷ֪ߵǰ˿ҲչԴֻһۣ׷׵ͷǸ˵case
Ҷ֪Щ⣬ôḶ́һ㶼ҹģȽϴĽ˾ģôСأԼЩ˵ʵûģǾһԣֹӦû˾İɣҲֲǽӰ
ļҹ˾ģЩ档
ϸ˿˵Ƶز
Ƶز֣Ҷ֪Ų룬͵һԴϴǸȷǷƵزܲá
һ뵽ǹȷ˽̽ǣ;ûڡͬ˵˾䣬ʱҪӣһ˵ûǾ°ɡ˵ץ⡣
Ｘĵϴôˣ
ɻɻϴ˵ӵģǾͲӣøԵĶû¿°ˡ
Ҷ֪˹ң⳵׼ȥƵزҹȷ磬Ȼ뵽ôȥ̫ãԡƵزһ֪ν֪֪ˣܰսʤ;תؼңȿǼҹ˾˵
صұ򿪵ԣ鿴Ƶزϣŷҹ˾аңȴѾΪҵһҵˡʽۺ񣬿ͻԴҲܹ㣬ô𣬱ضй֮ġ
¿ǡƵزܲãȷĸϣʹҶ֪￴һ¡˵Ӣ𣬶ҲŻ磬ǹϵҵš
ϵԣҶ֪￿αϣһˣôðհôĹ̽أĻ϶кܶ˾ͷ۸ԽߣԽպҲĸˣͼĲ





ʮ  ȥҹȷ

˼ȥŪ׹ȷʲôĿģòǶ˼ɣ
뵽Ҷ֪æҡͷͷԺȥŲôء
ֱ˸ţ컹ȥɡ
ڶ죬Ҷ֪˸磬ԡҳ˸裬һͷ¹·ŽҪʽһСϰ죬ûҵһ·
ƽʱϰഩ·ûɶӲԹ涨¹װͳеһɫװȹ⻹ϴȥμֻʱءҲǴ·ʱ򣬿ĪӨԭĴϡ
ڴϣ·ɼ㲻ܸҴˡ·¹óһˮϴţп㣬һɫTһףھǰת˸ȦͷȻȽ˳ۡ
ֻ˸ױűŰˡ
ƵزʱѾϰʱˣߵǰ̨վڹ̨ϡСЦ棬С㣬ʲôҪæ𣿡
ܲã𣿡
ԵȡС˸绰ȥѯʣһӺ󣬡ܲڰ칫ңԤԼ𣿡
Ҷ֪ɵˣȻԤԼôĹ˾ܲÿ϶æȻôóóȻ͸ˡ
֪Ǻõʱһļ磬ͷֲʶˣȴҶС𣿡ͷЦܲڰ칫ң
Ҷ֪ԴκˣǸǸȥˡݡһŻعԼѾվڹȷ칫ǰˡ
ǸţܲãҶСѾˡ
ˡšһ˱ţҶСҶ֪ȥֽ֮Ŵϡ
Ҷ֪￴ڰ칫Ĺȷ磬һʱ֪ҪôӦźá
ȷ̧ͷЦЦվǽߵɳϣʵҪȵʲô
Ҷ֪ҡͷ㾶ȥ˱ˮǰĲ輸ϣȻֱߵɳϣңΪ̵£
Ҷ֪Ŀģ΢üͷΪʲôǣ
ȷ˵ǵʵŲţ
Ҷ֪￴ҡͷ
ȷЦ㻹ǳʵ
Ҷ֪ﲻĿһŴܵ̾˿㲻̣
Ҷ֪Ǻ󻰣ұȽ֪ôѡ㣬ΪʲôСң
ΪǵʵȷЦ˵š
Ҷ֪Щŭѹܲá
ȷɫˣæƤЦֵ˵ĿʵæİĹȻ٣ɸҵ̳ãȻҪҾӢеľӢˡ
û˶Ҷ֪Ҳ⣬Ļɫ΢˵㣬ɻǲʮεĿ
ȷеǰδеĴܣǵһα˱Ƶôûޡ





ʮһ  ǩԼ

Ҷ֪һŵǿǵʵҲʹѡǡʵĿɲֹǣⲢǸõĽڡ
Լŵı𣿡ȷʵ
Ҷ֪һۣҪüҲҪͼ⡣
ȷ̾˿濴ôִšֵֻε˵ðɣҳ˽ġ
Ҷ֪ԻһЩŵĿ
ȷЦЦȻ󣬡νһ졯Ҳ˼ȻʶкôȻѵĶ֮ҲȽײβҸθԽһȽϷѡǵһԭ㲻ʧĶ԰ɣһ˵ôһĻм䶼ͣٵģƿûô졣
Ҷ֪ԴΣСƿôȷƽȥˣɵɵĵͷ
ȷ簵Цϻһ˵ȻˣصĻǵʵϾǺüڵĴ󹤳̣ˣ棬óȻðôķյġ
⼸˵Ҷ֪ĿȥˣľȻȷѾ̹ˣټԵ̫Сˡ
ڣ𣿡ȷսʵ
Ҷ֪ͷȻ˵ˣҲûҪǮȥ
ȷϽ˰ѺͬùҶ֪ϸĿ˿ûʲôĵط׼ǩ֡
ȷűǩ֣ˣɼٳٲʣʵôˣʲôط𣿡
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ȷǸòװתˣڲǩȻعͷˣ͸ûǩˡ
ϸʲôطġ
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ǷݺͬȻͷһᣬˣˣǩˡˡ
ȷһ춼ЦеģЦЩëȻЩְԱƶȻܲþЦЦݿرֻץèһ˶ڵսľйһ죬³Ϊֻҵ




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Ҷ֪ε쳤̾ϢһѸ׼Ķ׼ã幤ǱߵҪ˵ɡ
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ǣǳ÷ô˼İСҶӸˡ
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ʮ  ȷĲ

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ȷֽңϸϸĿһ飬³һָ˵ֽ׷ж졣
˴巽룬жͷˡȷֱָ׸췽ս߳鷿ú˯һȥʵʩ巽
ڶһ磬ȷˡΪʲô˷ܵģŽҪʼƻˣľһӿȡ
ֻŸ绰˯ѾͲˣ˾˵
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ʮ  Ӧ

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ȻпϲϵĶԲԣ
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ʱȷĵʵ뷨ǣ󻹲ҽˣЦˡ





ʮ  ټĪ

Դ˴һЭ֮󣬹ȷʱҶ֪ţһԸĹְʲôġԻ顱
Ҷ֪ܲˣͲţȷôŵģЩᷳ
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㻹ϴˣ˵ûϵйϵţ
ĪſҪ⣬ȴֹ
㲻÷ϣҲýʲô֮ûпܣҲٸѣԺҪٳǰǾ͵ûʶ˵꣬˳ȥ
ĪĿıӰӶ˶ȴվû׷ȥ





ڶʮ  

Ҷ֪ԽԽȻ֮ӨҲûʲôøУ޷ԭĪôʵضԴ飬ô׵ؾ˵Щ˵Ļ
֪Լ˵ļ仰Щ飬ȴΣ෴ĪӦҪĺýȻпܽһ̵ĿõϣԽĵơ
ͷ߱ʱ򣬶ߴһҶСǺ°ʱȿ졣
һ̧ͷֹȷվǰ˾䣬ô
ȷЩ˵ǲӦóŵҶСǰ飬ǲ˼
Ҷ֪ﱾղŵƣȷ绰ķ̣Ҳˣôܲûʲôϵɣ
ȷŭŽ첻Լᣬ͵͵Ҷ֪ģ˭֪ǰһǰһϻܾԼȴһյĺſȣǸס֡ʲô
ǰȥ°ͣŭҶ֪㲻Ҫ̫֣Ȼϲ㣬ҲŪˣ
Ҷ֪Ŀ֣֪˵ʲôƿعҡ
ȷ͵ĴԼͷ
Ҷ֪ɵˣͻȻ·ϣ͵ƿ
ȷûз˸ģô
Ҷ֪ü۵ǲԼͷ
ģȷЦҶ֪ĪĿȷûô£׳գʵǸ鳡֣Ҷò̾硣
Ҷ֪üͷøʲô˼
ǣʲô˼ʱҪװɵ𣿡ȷ۾ĵЦŪڹ֮䣬оܲɡǲгɾ͸У
Ҷ֪ɵҲʲô˼ˣʲô֪ͲҪ¶ԣ鲻ãҲûôƽͣʲô¶侲˵˵žҪ뿪
ȷߣô߰ǲǸð齻
ûʲôø㽻ġҶ֪
ĪҶ֪˵ЩĻ䣬جج߳ȹݣҶ֪ﱻ˲סæܹȥ
ʲôſ
ȷĪſƫţҶָ֪˽۵Ҷ֪г
ĪҶ֪Щʹı飬ŵʲôˣҽſûС˵ҲǰȥҶ֪Լ
һȷҶ֪ЩܲˣټӸĪҶ֪ÿˣֻ첲ҪѾƵأʹˡ
ȷĪҲôҲԸҶ֪ȥʹȫֻꡱһ˶סˡ
һԽζĿšޡϷ·ˣҲԭء
׵ˣʹȫʪҶ֪ŵøæ֣Ҷ֪֧Ųס̯˵ϣɫҰס
ȷæȥҶ֪ﶶŴ˵˾䣬ý˰ɡȷȥֽ˽Ȼ
Īһ߿ţȷصţֻܸż
Ҷ֪Ī˵ûˣ߰ɡ
Īվԭأûж
Ҷ֪ƸĹȷ磬¶˵ɣû顣˵žĵߵ·ߣֻûѾʵĸ첲⳵
ȷæȥҿģȥҽԺɡ
Ҷ֪ҡͷڲ㡣˳⳵ԼȥҽԺ
ȷ翴ű۶ȥĳ⳵һᣬæȥȡָо첻ȥĻͻʧȥˡ
Ҷ֪ϳ̱λϣ˾ʦͷ󺹣һʵС㣬ôˣܵӰ
Ҷ֪ЦЦʵû˵ˡ
˾ʦôܣٶȽ͵ҽԺҶ֪︶Ǯ߽ҽԺţεڵϣʡ¡
ʱ򣬷ԼҽԺĲϣգ۾һ£ԼǵҽԺεġãҪ·εˣǿǿ춪˵ġ
Ѿʵĸ첲ѾȥˣûôˣֻǱ̶סˣЩ㡣
׼ȴŽתͷȥͼȷվſڡ
ȷһžͼһֻ֧ߵߣһͷڴͷ
Ҷ֪￿ڴϣתͷ⣬ƽʵô
ȷ翴ЩĶǸ˵Բҵʱ̫ˡҺܵ㣬Ըû˵εڵϵʱжôۡ
Ҷ֪ͷȻŴ⣬ʱĵġ
ðΣҶ֪תͷ˵ȷ磬̸̸ɡ
ȷ类Щľ̸ʲô
Ҷ֪ﵭ˵ûʵǿܲʡ
ȷһ죬ŵҡͷ㲻˵Ҫҷ֣ҲӦġ
Ҷ֪ЦЦȻǵģ㲻˽ңҲ˽㣬֮ĥϣһ𣬳ִ
ȷִҲˣҲֵġ
Ҷ֪̾˿ɡ۾ȥ
ȷ綢һһٵҲֵģԲᡣ
Ҷ֪û˵Ҳûۿ
ϢһᣬҪԺġҽӲҪԺ۲죬»ʲôֲֻ֢ùԹԵҽԺסһҹ





ڶʮһ  ˼

һʱ򣬴⻹һƬڡͷ·ֻһҹĵࡣ˱ۣȴûһ˿˯⣬ЦһԴӸĪ֮;ʧߡ
ڴϣ۾컨壬һӷ¡
ûмĪӨһĻҲԸĪһ𣬲ֵһˣҲͲȷ˰ɡ
ûҲֻܶз֮󣬲ŻڡĪ֪и飬ѡ뿪ĵĲ飬ĪĵߡЦƣСҶӾһ˯еĻɽƽʱʱ̵ģһԴͷȻǿˣҲ˵ġߡõġ
ҪôҪôĳףˮ·
ڹȷ磬ЩǸεġòϣڶԴȷĸ鷽棬̫Ѷˡ
ȻŻϲȴ˸ǿȲġ˵ϲϹȷ磬ͬģҲܱ֤ܸվ顣յȰο£ѡŽµĸ飬Ϊǲ˺ǣȴˣäĿĽܣǸ˺
Ī֮˽ʹԣԼñģѡһ·ڣҲһ·
Щʹĸ첲ЦɣӦö죡
ȻֻǽһڣѾЩ˽ȷˣԽľǲ̫ʡ
Ʃȷϲճȴϲӵиҿռ䡣ŹȷϲĪһôҲΪԴף֮ȱΣȷ粻
ȱΣɺ޵ġ
֪УѾȵʽϰʱ䣬ȥԺҽȷû֮Ҳʹķˡ
սţͰԼ˦ɳϣŷ˻ֻ˹ҵĺ룬⼸ûȥϰˣǰͼֽϵ绰
еĶӣղӦȥ˳еģӣûԼԡ޾ɵ߽򿪱䣬ͳһ鵰⣬˱ˮӡ
Сĳ˸裬ּѵĻ˯£ڴ˿ȻԼĴ˯
˯Ժʱסͷ˯ɲĵţŭԴŭܹȥţ׼ƿڴ͵ر§
̫ˣڼҡ§΢Щ˵
ôڼĶҶ֪ƿƵ˵
ΪʲôÿμҶ仰ҾͲֵܳĵط𣿡ȷЩֺЦ˵
Ҷ֪һۣҼҾΪ˸˵
ȷЦЦ漴ܽȥ𣿡˵ž;ԻЬ߽
Ҷ֪˵𣿡Ĺţ˿
ȷ乫Ԣ޵ȻСǺడ
Ҷ֪죬ʲô¶˵
ȷ翴Ц˵أ١
Ҷ֪ɳһץ˸§ڻû֪ʱ塣
ȷŲ£Ҷ֪Աã׷˹󱻱Ƶ䣬޴ɶˣ㵽ô
ȷû˵˿Ȼذ§§ţзִû˵ֻ첲
Ҷ֪һᣬûѣҪŭ
Һú¡ȷͳɤĵĴҶ֪סˣ§š
ȥҽԺ㣬ҽ˵ԺˣֻȴѾػˣȥ㣬˵ûȥϰ࣬Ҿ᲻ڼңҰ˺ܾõ壬㶼ûпš㲻ڼңҲ㣬ú¡ȷ˵ţ߽§סҶ֪оڲǰɡ
˵ˣԷſˣҶ֪ﵭ˵ţһ˿
ȷӽ˽֡
ָɡҶ֪վ͵رȷ첲ײеۣûüɧȷҵ˵ԲҲŪģԭҺòãұ֤ԺҲˣҪ뿪Һòã
Ҷ֪ǿűս˫ѹĸ첲ʹУҧȷſҡ
ȷҡͷţš˵§øˡ
Ҷ֪úЩˣѵ˵ſңҪˡ
ȷһһæ֣Ǻܽı۾ȷǷȻ
Ҷ֪ȤһǡΣء
ȷĬһŵҪŻ᲻뿪ң
Ҷ֪ҵʱ򡣡
ȷĿ˿ûв㰡
Ҷ֪ﲻôȷ类ñ쬵ģðβ
Ҳǲ㣬ǶԼûġȷѵõĴͷɥ˵
Ҷ֪գգۣס
ȷЦĪĸǰҺûģȻ뿪ģ֪ĸҵģҺǻḴϡ
Ҷ֪Ƶ˿óϣ㲢˽ҡԻͷݣŲôûأֲûҪ
֪ܲһ̲סԴףòײлһҺʧȥԼһͿƲסǵǸĪʱǾһɥʧˡ
Ҷ֪ε̾˿ϲϣϲأ




ڶʮ  չˣһ)

ļҶ֪˵ڿԷſ˰ɡ
ȷ翴˵ôˣΪʲôǲԸԭأ
Ҷ֪￴쳤ֻ̾ε˵ҶӶˣܲȳԵ㶫˯ǰԵǰ鵰ˣڿǼꤡ
ȷһæɿ߽
Ҷ֪ãȻĿһۣҲû⣬׼绰æµ绰ܹȥ
㻹ŹȷؽżȵŴ͡
ȷЦЦȴû˿ͣ٣ûʲôˣɣЩʱȥ˻ٸٺõġ
֮һǰҶ֪ʳָ󶯣ӾҪǣ˺üֻ֮ǰܵľſӣ̾ƽһκԼΪʲôƲӡ֣ӣȴôҲûʳͽ
ȷһԿӣЦ˰졣Ҷ֪һֹۣҲ˭ġ
ȷ罩סЦ߹ȥ룬Ҷ֪æסֻ˵˵ֲĹ㣬ôС
ȷΣôԣι㡣
ҪӳҲ԰Ҷ֪￹顣
ȷЦĿС㣬ȷҪӳԣ
Ҷ֪￼ǵӳѶȣԼֵĲϣ˰죬ڻǵֵסûµջ۾һգȥˡ
ȷЦһһι棬տʼЩŤҶ֪ܿľͱʳע߳Ա˵ۣ̫óˣã˲òడ
Ŀ佱һЦֻЦǳ硣
һ¶ǣҶ֪̹ˣɳ϶ö
ȷʰóһͼɳϣƤܣֿ˯ˡ߹ȥգ˯ʳԱ˯岻á
Ҷ̧֪ƤĴ˸Ƿ˯˵űűҪɵɳϡ
ȷεĺԣȥˣ˯òã
Ҷ֪ѾҪܹˣ˵Ҳֻǰ˰֣Ȼ֪޾ˡ
ȷ𽥾ȵĺҡҡͷᱧͽңطŵϣӸϡڴ߿˯գظգôЦˣë֮󣬲ŵĹϷųȥˡ
һˬҶ֪˸ƿ´յ춯ܹȥһȻǹȷ硣
ȷЦˣ˯춼ˡ
Ҷ֪ﲻ߽ȥϵĲˣʲôʱȥģ
˯ŵʱ򣬱Ҫһȥģ˭֪ճ극˯ˡȷ
Ҷ֪ﲻ˼ЦЦƽʱϰˡ
ȷЦҡҡͷȥŰɣٳ˾ͺˡ
Ҷ֪ͷڷߵ
ܿģȷӳ˳һش䣬Ӫ⡣
Ҷ֪￴Ŀɿڴȷװ÷ǰصظӣ˵˷Ҫһιɡ
Ҷ֪ҡͷӣڳŨŨĲ㣬ֵ۾
ȷԵøˣҲĵĳʱĸˡ
Ҷ֪Źġ˻ɳϳŹȷкõˮŵӡ
ȷϴʰɾ֮Ҳ£߳ˮ߿ӡ
Ҷ֪￴˻ӣʵϲؼң
ȷˮֶ˶٣֧֧ġ
Ҷ֪ȻЦЦţʵһͦģܲչҼ죬һߡ
ȷȻЦеĵͷˡ
ҪҪؼõ·ʲôģûпԸ·
Ҵ绰͹˵ű绰ͼ׻ϴʲôĹ
Сʱ֮󣬹ȷֻˣ·ˣȡҶ֪ȥϴ裬ϴͷ
˯ɣڹһԼͿˡ
ȷͷװ·õǽǷš
˯ɣҶ֪˵ط˯ȥˡ
ȷڴϣЩͬס˵Ϊ˷չ֪ԭˡǳʲôԭֻҪǺõģͺˡ
ֻҪŬϲġȷţ㲻֪˯ˡ
ڶ𴲵ʱҶ֪ﻹ˯ȷ翴յķţ΢΢ЦЦСĶŽС
ԡϴһ£˯⣬緹ȥˡ˵ʱ˳˵䶳ͷͰӣӱǷ˵Ƥ࣬˼ͷ
ڿſ˻ţˣҶ֪㶥һͷҷ˷š
ȷɳϣҶ֪һ㶣عʱЩ˼İ˰ͷ簡
ȷ˵ͷ磬ȥϴһ£Ѿˡ
Ҷ֪Ŷһ߽ϴּ䡣
ʱȷѾͶ˵ˣĸʢ࣬˾к¡
Ҷ֪һ㽫Ƶǰõģе̣ԡ
Ҷ֪￴漴ͷࡣ
ѾܾûôˡڸĸǸܶŮǸܼǿѣҲһֱԼλǹȷֻǸŮˣҪ۰˳裬˺СŮˡ˵ʵָоЩϲġ
ÿŮ˶ϲǻҲ⡣





ڶʮ  չˣ

һ˿ж۳ͣҶ֪򿪵Կʼˡ
ȷӳ˿ҪİɣǾȥɣͿˡ˵תͷŵĻ
ȷҡͷˣԺļһ͹ˣͿԹˡ
Ҷ֪ͷû˵
ȷֽ˱ˮֱߣͽȥȡļ͵ԣڲϣʼ
һʱ䣬ֻüָû̵ͷֽŵġɳɳǰδеľ׺г
ȷļ˿ʱ䣬յʮ㡣˸绰õļûȥٰѽĶ͹תһרעĿŵԵҶ֪ǹһĨЦ
Ҷ֪ߣƫͷ˿漴Եԣ߿ͼʵôˣ
ȷЦЦߵߣ˵ˮǷֱߣȻʵʲô
Ҷ֪עһʱ䣬ʮɣϳԵö࣬ڻöȻȷˣ˵ʲôɣҳԷ̫޵ġ
ȷӦߣͼǸ̵ͼ
Ҷ֪ﵱȻָ֪Ṇ̀ͷֻ¥ĳͼСĹ滮ͼûгͼֽĳһһ£ʵûСȡ֣
ȷЦӦʲôõĽ𣿡
Ҷ֪۾գҲգĶͼʣҡҡͷҿ벻Ե֡
ȷ硰ꡱЦǲԸ⶯ɣ
Ҷ֪ҡͷѧʱһֱڼϡ
ȷֲ֧ԴʱӦÿ쵽ˣЩɢҵļʰãϣˡҶ֪￴һ⣬ǵһȥҹȷʱ¥ǸˣòĶ˵ͷ
˻һ񣬽ϱŵһļŵϣֱȷõһȷ˵˼仰뿪ˡ
ȷţתͼҶ֪۾һգգĶЦʵôʲôǲͻȻҳú˧
Ҷ֪һ治Ҫ
ȷνЦЦҶ֪ﻹǿ߹ȥʵʲôأ
Ҷ֪￴˿ϵļ̾ȻְλԽ¶Խ࣬ļôûû˵ġ
ȷЦ㲻Ҳǹҵͷ
Ҷ֪ҡͷǲһ²żˣжˣҪ㰡ſˡ
ȷЦЦϰ߾ͺˡת緹ȥˡ
Ҷ֪﷭˷ۣҪңһӶϰ߲ˡν޴־˵ľˡ
ܵ˵Ҷ֪עܵˣǮþУôƴǮûϾʱ˵λȨأȴȨòǻҪôǮ
ǮĿֶ꣬Ρֻ֪ǮȴûܽǮȤǾ̫ĩˡ
Ҷ֪Щͬȷ磬ȷ費Ҫͬ飬ǾҪˡϾÿ˵ļֵǲͬġ
ȷҶ֪죬ֻǵһЦӱȡ⣬ⶳ˵װѷϣʼˣϴˣвˣȻ¹ٲȻһϸġͥ򡱡
ɫζȫļһҶ֪ȲߣҧӣŹȷʢвˣȻŵǰ߳Ա߸пӹң
ȷԼ˵ˣĻЦҪϲԣҾ;
Ҷ֪ģҡͷ
ȷЦݽ˽ˣֻǽչʱסģĸ첲ˣûסˡ
Ҷ֪ЩįĲ̣ƴʳҭˡ
ȷæҶ֪ž˳࣬ؿڵ㹤ôæʱǸϾϢϢءɲ鷳
ȷû뵽ΪԭܾپãЦеĳԷʶһһﶼȥˣѾ޷԰εĳ̶ˡ
ȷ翴Ÿճ극ֿɳϴˣЩɻʲôطûд𰸣Ҳں𰸣ֻ֪ϲںϲ԰һУں޷ʧȥԼô
߹ȥӣȥ˯
Ҷ֪Ժۣ㲻˯𣿡
ȷЦҪͬ𣿡
֪Ҷ֪û˵ʲôֻ۾ʶ˵Ҫ˯Żᾫá
ȷЦſֳ˯˹ȥıңҪ͵˯ɳˣʱ϶
ڴ߿С૵ǲǰɵϰߣ뵽ǰĪҲôıŵϣ;ơ
գߵԺҪĪòãһѹġ
˯еҶ֪ﲻ֪ûĻӱȵϢŪЩĶ䣬ʶġš
ȷЦˣҾ͵ӦŶͷһ£Ϸȥļ





ڶʮ  

ڹȷľ£Ҷ֪ĸ첲ڿԻˣͬʱҲɵġˡ
Ҷ֪գǳˡ
ȷһԿúЦô³֣
Ҷ֪һۣѵ֪Ů˶עĵĸŮ˲ְ
ȷ°´Ҿĸոպãǰ̫˵㡣
Ҷ֪ŭȥҪ㻹˵Сġħġˡ
ȷæֽסЦҲ˵ԼܲסĲ棬ֵô
Ҷ֪óԵң˭ôõģ
ȷ죬պöǴˣȻŮڽƱ磬ˡ
ȥ𣿡øϽ⣬Ȼһ֪˵ɶ
ȻҶ֪ſʰͼֽ˵ȥģЩطҪһ¡°һع˾𣿡
ȷߵ߰ô᲻Ұ
Ҷ֪ʰ
ȷЦһɡ
ͬʱţҶ֪͵ң㿪ع˾ˡ⼸һֱҶ֪Ƕûع˾˲¶øϿ촦С
Ҷ֪Ѿųһ˵ദģʽҲˣҪץסᣬҶ֪ȡ
ܲãгҪ𣿡վİ칫ǰż¼г̵ļС
ȷͷг̱棬˿ʱ䣬缯šĻ黹аСʱʼ׼һ£Ϲȥ
Ӧȥ׼Ӻ˵˹˾¥£˾Ѿóˣ˳ļλҪִµ˵һ顣
ʮӺ󣬵缯š
Х缯šܲӭӣ֣߽ҡ
ܣһ滹ѰХ
ȷЦЦЩǸȻǸ⼸Щ˽£Щʱ䣬ܼ¡
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ȷЦŵͷǾͶлˡ
ХҲͷ漴ùļϣʽʼ
һֱЦģȴһҲɣ޶ȵѰ棬á
̸һСʱ֮ЭڴɣȷվХҲԽȷ͵¥£ٱʱŹȷļһáģ
ȷЦӦӦϳȥһ᳡
ХﳤȥĳЦŶȷǸ꣬һȻ鴫͵ζ
ĪĵĿΪʲôô˵
Хû˵ʲôתذ칫ȥˡ
ȷںϱĿڸʻϣ㱨һг̡
ϳƵرһ죬ٻص칫ҵʱѾˡûҶ֪ˡ
Щɥϣ֧°ͣŵĻȥԼûٴǶҶ֪ĸ첲ѾȫˣҪչˡ
룬ǾȥǶԿ׳˰칫ҡ
ͣҶ֪﹫Ԣ¥£̧ͷϿҶ֪ҿĵţѾˡԥ˺һ¥ȥˡ
壬ûһſˣҶ֪æãһΪؼأ
ȷ˶٣û˵ߵʱҶ֪ǲǸմӹ˾Էû
ȷҡͷͼ߽ߵҲûԣô
ȷɡ
Ҷ֪￴ЦôҰһǻģȻһĺóԣܳԵġ
ȷǶְƳȥȥϢϾͺá
ȷô㶵ڿһʱӦ̬ʲô˼
ûӣҶ֪һǰ԰ɡ˵ԼڳǶˡ
ȷҲе㼢ꤣǲĶ
֮󣬹ȷԾȥϴ롣ʰɾ֮ɳ£һӡ
ĵĻ̨Ҷ֪ΣһԾҲֱ壬Ĭ˺ܾ֮󣬲СʵǸǲʲôҪ˵
ȷһ񣬿ӦʲôҪ˵𣿡
Ҷ֪ˣĿҪ˵ʲô
ȷ翴ܾã۾˵㲻ҪҰؼҵ𣿡
Ҷ֪һ͵Ҫؼȥˣ
ȷɻ󣬡˼ǲҸϳȥ
Ҷ֪һۣҿô𣿡
ȷʶҡͷֻһͷðؼˡ
ˣ㡣Ҷ֪ӰͳһԿ׵ݸͲҸ㿪ˡ
ȷ翴ԿףȭͷסأԿ׵ļ̵ʹʹģʹĸоһжġ
͵ؽҶ֪˵Ҷĺøˡ
Ҷ֪ļ򣬡Ҫˡ
ȷɿЦеʣǾŮ˰ɣ
Ҷ֪ϲЦտ㶺Ͳǳڸм
ȷ㶣漴ǳڸмսϲˣǾ͹ˡ
Ҷ֪ô֪ϲˣ
ȷһۣ˶ôٶ۵ġ
Ҷ֪ҪŭҲ˶ô̹Լĸ顣
Ҷ֪ͷЦЦȷҲЦˡ֪ڸ鷽ܳٶۣɹһԼУ㲻ӱܣԣŷԼȥȴĻӦ
ʵɣмģôչңҵҲɵģм͵ˡҶ֪۾˵
ȷڻҸ첲˵ԲԺҲˡ
Ҷ֪ҡͷҲΪչңʹ㲻֪߽ҵ磬ҷֵʱѾˡҪľǣϳȥҪͰ
ȷЦţһԽԽߵ棬Ҳϲȥ
Ҷ֪Ҫû뵽ô񶾡
ȷЦش˲Ϊ𰡡
Ҷ֪ھ㡣
ȷ籧ɳϹһţЦˡ





ڶʮ  

ȷڵõҶ֪Ͽɣÿ춼۹ƵأˡѧˣճһҶ֪вͷʱˣദ˽£һֱల¡
˵ͼҶ֪˿æ˼£ͼֽڸϳˡ
£ȷһоĲҪûôճˣȻһûĹ˵ÿֻҪһȷһڲķΧжֻҪϹһͣʱԹ˵ֻ˹ˡ
ͼֽ鲻ԽЦͼˣ϶˵ֲ֧ˡ
Ｘ˿⸱ģڲ²ôˡ
˵ϴ᲻ˣ
㣬ϴһֱѵġ
ôˣܾϴڵķӦ˸еġ
ţǣǰûֿﶼðŷۺĵĸо
ѵ˵ϴڲſϣ
ܹ˵ǿྡˣϴ۵ġ
һһ˵ţҶ֪ﱾ뵱ûģԽ˵Խţߵм䣬Цӯ˵ʣλʲôĵôİ
ͬʱ˸սÿϴһЦʹΣ٣æҡͷûʲôۼȥĶΡ
ԶԶԣæ͵
Ŷԭ˵Ҫż𣿡Ҷ֪ЦЦ
ͬʱϴ󣬲ġ
Ҷ֪￴ǿЦһŵˣˣʰʰȥɣúϢϢʱˡ
ϴҪɣʱҪ˹ȥġҳҶ֪ΨŮԣ룬Ҳ׷׵ͷ
Ҷ֪ҡͷˣǱߵʱԹȥǾͳȥɡ
Ĳ
ˣйʱ֪ͨǻûһûˡ
˰ϴټ˸߲ҵĻȥˡ
Ҷ֪ӦͼãŽһµԴߣؽ˳ȥ
صҵʱ򣬹ȷѾڼˣڳﲻ֪ŪЩʲô
㣿Ҷ֪ﱧŸ첲ϣڱǰŪŵĹȷ硣
ȷͷæϱ䣬ܵˮͷϴϴ֣ûɾһѱס䰢ģĺŶ
Ҷ֪ûƿֻܵ乻˵ȷ籧˺һŷ֡
Ҷ֪￴·ʪʪצӡε𣿡ôϲˡ
ȷһСϱίָأҶûϲҡ
Ҷ֪﷭ۣϷһ¼ݣϾȥոոأ
ȷɳϣ˱ˮߣֱסȻѽĶȥ
Ҷ֪˵پ˶ٶŷ֣ȷÿȥжܶԵĺȵĻҲܱŲŵ£˾ƴһҶ֪һ򿪱䣬Ķͻĵһء
ȷʲôԲϲĶ˵㰡
Ҷ֪֪̾ȷǼôæˣҲҪѱĳ̶Ȱɡ
ԺͲˣʲôʱ򡣡
ȷɻĿʲô˼
Ҷ֪Ц˼ҽ˰
ȷ˻ֵĴģرڽˣͼҪٲãҾҪɡԹˡ
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ȷţ˭һͲҡ
Ҷ֪ЦգЩյĵˣ˵ȥĶκã
ȷɵˣҪȥΣ
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ġ
УҪȥǾʹһȥȷ֣ŲԼһȥء
㲻ҪġҶ֪ɻ
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Ҷ֪Ǿû취ˣֻܵҲпеʱٳȥˡ
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Ҷ֪Ŵ򿪵ǡһ죬Ҷ֪εĸ̾
סҪȥæĳ嶯Լʰ
ȷڳæµţȴ̵ģҶΪҷȥΣð
ʵҶ֪һʼûȥΣȻöԷˡ
ȷڱǰֻ꣬Ҷ֪һʱȻǱԵأ˰̾





ڶʮ  Х

ڼϢ죬ȷǱҲ׼ˣʱԶҶ֪ͼֽ½һȷ翴ôеζҲ֪Լ׳ԵЩĪѡ۲ΪǿǶڰ칫ļæ¶ࡣ
ԵķһؼңȷͰҶ֪ﱧڻһᣬһûһţȷҶϸһȥμòã
Ҷ֪￿ȱȱʵʲôᰡ
ǡ缯šᣬ˾һ⣬ƴǲˡ
šҶ֪ӦЩˣͿ
ȷḧĺ󱳣Ҷ֪ˣ˯ˡ
ȷùһԵ̺Ӹϣ򿪵ӣĵ͵͵ģô˯ŵҶ֪ɳϿӡ
Ѿˣתˣﻹһůůġ
ڶ磬ȷľͰҶ֪½Ƕ˻
Ҷ֪ؼҳ˸裬Ϲȷֱ߳ϴôͦġ
ȷæü׸ϣЩǸĿ
Ҷ֪ˣ⸱ҿû㡣
ȷ˹ȥ§סҶãϲˡ˵š󡢰󡱵ڡ
Ҷ֪һĿӵôɵ¶ôɣ
ȷЦӱ˵㶫ݸȳԵӰɣȻҿǻ۵ġ
Ҷ֪һ۲ŽӹɳϿ
ȷЦ·ԡϴȥˡ
ӵʱװ˳Ҷ֪ĹԢʮңŵ᳡Ҷ֪ﲻòůף³һڼϣҶ֪ﾪȵĿŹȷ硣
ȷЦҿɲ㶳ˡ
Ҷ֪һЦȷôãúܵ
ȷмܲסЦݣæƫͷִԼı䣬ݸߣȥˡ
ڣҶ֪پůͲ٣Ҳࡣ
Хӹȷһű㿴ȻҲע⵽վԱߵҶ֪
ŹȷСĻҶ֪ХĴţӣĺܳ谮Ů˰
һᣬȷԼߣǰװտƵأĺţȻҶ֪ʣλСǣ
ȷЦŻصŮѣҶ֪ֶҶ֪λǡ缯šܲãХ
Х֣ҶСãܸʶ㡣
Ҷ֪ҲָգʶҲܸˡ
ХЦЦףиҹ
лл
ָǺ˼䣬Х뿪ȥ˴кȥˡ
ХԶҶ֪Լ񾭲иСԹȷΣգ˴򽻵𣿡
ȷЦ벻ĸоͦǲöԸ̳϶ˣ㲻˾ֻԼϰ߸˴򽻵ˡ
Ҷ֪ͬĿһۣǵùȷһЦյߵҺܿģҪôŶ
ߵӣ׼ʱʼҶ֪úģеἸǧƪһɣμᡣȷһĻֳٲ˵ģϰߡ
ȷ֧裬ĽЩܲˣƽʱϰ࣬Ҳٴ߸Ь˿ʮֵĸ߸Ьֻܰ̾ЬҲҪϰġ
ҶСôһأ
Ҷ̧֪ͷХȥϴּˣܿȥǱָָϴּķ
ХҡͷҶСġ
Ҷ֪סˣң
Хͷȴ˵⣬ֻҶСֲһҶ֪˼𣿡
Ҷ֪ЩɻĿû˵
ХҲΣŵҶСĸĸܻȡ֣ҲǱİɡ
Ҷ֪￴һۣ˵ֻǸţĸԸǺõģֻһֶѣ̸ʲô
ХЦҶСȻܶǳ
Ҷ֪ͷۣȷƶʱûô˵ǳûǾ˼άͦģ뾴Զ֮
ХҶ֪ĲͷЦ룬ô˾Ȼ˼дϣѹȷҪˡŹȷ߹ҶҶСܸȤϣ´λлܸ㽻̸˵ˡ
Ҷ֪￴ıӰֹĪ
ȷԶԶؿҶ֪пǽϣХ˵ʲôȻ߿ˣϼߵҶ֪ߣ§Х
Ҷ֪ҡͷ֪˵˼ĪĻ
ȷ˽§֣ߵԶХ˼





ڶʮ  ҶҶ

һֱҹŽҶ֪߳ſڱһӿȷİϡ
һϳҶ֪ѹȷ׻Լģλһ
ȷ翴ЦЦӻؼȥˡ
ڶһ磬Ҷ֪ﱻ绰ѣЩõĽ绰ȻԼģҿղû˵໰Ȼ϶Ҫһٺ
߶һҸϰֺȥ㣬ǵӻҲԼŮӦ͹˵绰Ҷ֪·ϰǱߺ𣬡һûǼұ˵ϻȻٹҰȻ绰ﴫһæ
Ҷ֪һ˯ⶼûˣڴϷһ軹ӣصġҲвûŰˣθպԲһ¡
ȷϢ֮Щʣģ
ô󡣡
ôһ𣬼ôĻչҲҪһЩɣ˵ŮӲȽϲճŸĸ𣿡ȷ졣
Ҷ֪ɳһɣʲôҲû˵뿪ĸһ˻йԭʵЩݡ
û˵ȷҲû׷ʣϾǸ˽ǰˣҲҪԼĿռģ⡣
ͻȻ뵽ʲôʵĪûм㸸ĸ
Ҷ֪˴һ㣬ĪֹԼĸĸ軹׼Ůš
ȷɫԣʵˣ
Ҷ֪ͷȷʣûиǣĪˣ
Ҷ֪ҡͷҧҧ촽϶Ҳ绰Īȥӻˡÿζʲô¶֪ͨĪ֪ͨԼ治֪˭ġ
ȷ㶣ϲĪͷæ㲻׼ϲֻ׼ϲңһҲ׼
Ҷ֪Цĺˣ費ôǷǲֵģ˵ҼһǺȨģһиء
ȷɻҶ֪ЦأŪԺԻ֪ȥӻɣҽʶ
ȷͷĪΪҲҪϡ
ҶҶϵķɻ׼ʱ֮еĪҲڻȻûϵҶ֪ŹȷȥԼǵʱһ£漴ЦЦ۾㶢ųڡ
֡衣Ҷ֪ĸߵڣЦӭȥȷ硢Ī
ҶϰһŮæסڣһһģе˹ͷˡ
ҶվһԵԼϹ˸գæŮԼݺݵһȻʾԵϹ°ͣɣ׵ıࡣ
ҶϰֲҪŮȴҶ§ס
Ҷ֪ĸ˸ͷŲҪڼ
ȷ״ҲȻĵͷѹһ˴й
ĸãҶ֪ε֡裬ǹϣȻȥòã
Īʱǰǰ尢̣ôõķɻһҲˣȻȥúϢϢɡ
ҶҲϹŮӰ첻̫ãĪĻŭţæͷӦſŮߵĪߣļĪԽԽˣǼұ伫ˡ
ĪЦˣ²ԽԵˡ
ҶϲЦտֱ˵
ȷ˵ĶԻˣĪЦǿס嶯ûһȭȥ
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ȷҲ֪ܸҶҸĸ²õӡ󣬻֣ЦЦ
Ҷְע⵽ȷ磬ŮС˭
Ҷ֪Լ˶˵ѡ
ںҶ̸ܽĪ㶣û뵽Ҷ֪ô˵ǰҶ绰ʱȼһ˿ϣҶϲгġԵȷʱȻЩȣҲû̫ϣΪҶ֪ﲻôĸ̯ƵģǴˡ
ȷҲûϵҶֱ֪Ӹĸ˵ǵĹϵղ򿴵ĪҶ̸ܵʱĲɢ֤Ҷںģ͹ˡ
ʵҶ֪Ǹ˽ˣѡ̯ɣȻĪ൱εľأ뿴ȷѹ˽ȷжమҲ˽жУ˽Ҫάȷ磬ʹǻ˺Īˡ
ҶҰ˭ҲûϵסˣһҶСҶӣ˵һ¡
ҶְҲߵҶ֪ߣļҪһõĽͰȻĪһۣһۣĪ⣬Ī˸
Ҷ֪ﱧסϰֵĸ첲ţȻȥ˵ɡ
ҶȥҶ֪ȷĪʹ˸ɫæϰָȥ
ȷĪһһ䣬Ҳȥ
ȷĪǿģҶ֪϶ҪȷĳģҶְָŮҶĪĳϣҶҸŮһε̾˿





ڶʮ

ΪĪ֪Ҷ֪סԹȷǰ濪Ī
Ҷ֪ĹԢȷĪһһ¥Ҷһݱɳһһ˵ģ
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ҶһۣҶ֪ûЩ˵裬־ź۰
Ҷûĵһۣ˭ŵģǽӹڲ輸ϡ
Ҷ֪չȥҶĸ첲˻εʲô
ҶĶ䣬˵ʲô˹ȷһֿۣ˿Īŭװɵ˵զ£
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ȷϴθ첲ѾҲûһ֪ʹߣɼ䶼ˣЩۣǰȥȴԼûǸ
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Ҷ֪Цű˲䣬Ҷһ룬Ӳ˵
ȻҶ֪ߵȷĪߣȻȥɡ
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ĪҧҲ֡
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Ҷ֪ҽһֻڸ˲ʵѰ
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Ҷ֪֪Ӳ֮ԻŪ˵ĸ顣Сͱ̵ҪӸ飬Ȼ˽ϣԼŮΪˡ
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ҶҰɻˣҲЩˣŮʲʲôˣϢȥˣ
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ˣûΪ㣿
ôңŲءҶ֪Ϊ˵
ȷЦǾͺá
Ҷ֪ͷϧȴܲÿˣʱ㲻Ҽˣ·ʲôҪҪûȥ
ȷ˶٣סļ䷿
ȻǼͷҶ֪ȻĴ
ҵĶӦû?֪Ҷ֪İְҪԼڿͷĶɨһգ˷Ҷ֪﷿
ţҷ¹ˣû¡㲻ûȥ·᲻᲻Ҷ֪Щɵʵ
ᣬ㹻·Ի
Ҷ֪۾νǮˡ
ȷЦӦǰɡ
Ҷ֪ˣЩǮ񡣡
ȷ粻Ϊ⣬ҲΪ˴ٽ÷չ
Ҷ֪ЦƱ硣
˾ôһһţ˺ܾúܾá





ڶʮ

ҶҶϢãʱҲ൹ˣҶ㾫ȵҪȥȥˡ
Ϊְ裬Ҷ֪صڳʱǱ߲ſʼҲûʲôҪһڱƺƵ̳
ҶǺϲ̳ѾĸСʱˣȴһͣļûУҶҸŮֻƣ۵˫ȣں治ظš
裬ԼȥɣҸǱߵĲ㡣Ҷ֪ʵЩԼȥ䡣
ҶְһֱͷҶƲƲһ˽ȥȥˡ
Ҷ֪ϰҸطҪ˺裬ŮŲš
ôôϲְˡҶ֪ﴹԼЩ˵
Ҷְֺ˿ڲ裬ŮЦѾͷ˵Ŷʮ꣬ôô
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Ҷְڨڨӣô㰮áЦ˿˿硣
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ҶְֹһıӣЦǸ㻹˰
Ҷ֪﷭ۣĽòã
ҶְֹЦûôѾͷҸ軹㰡
֪ңľܺãҪҵһӵ˿ɲסҶ֪ﲻ޸п
ҶְʧЦҡͷ⺢ӣ˵ôϰһɣ
Ҷ֪ɵЦ£ӺȲ衣
ҶְҲЦЦ費ڣܸϰĪֵԭ𣿡
Ҷ֪Ҫ˵Ҷְֶ۾ҪϰǸʲôģ˵ʵŶ
Ҷ֪ﴹ۾֪ƭϰ֣ϰ治ѧڣⶼ֪ǧƨҶ֪æ˸Цȥ
Ҷְֺ˺ߣƶˣʵ
Ҳɣñ֤豣ܰҶ֪Ҷְְڰֱʾ˽⣬Ҷ֪̾˿ʵˣԾͷˡ
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Ҷ֪æ֣ɲ鷳֪ɲˡҶǳŮģҪ֪¶ĪõƤ¶
ҶְֵͷҵȻ֪˵ֻôûȵ¶𣿡ѾͷҲ̫ɵˣΪ˵Ͳ֪ˣΪŹװǱɵģҶְ
Ҷ֪ŷĵЦЦҶְʧЦⲻ֪ģģΪСδء
Ҷ֪֣˵ʲôأ
Ҷְְ֣æǸȷ翴ǲ
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ҶְصЦţǣоôѧסҰǹȷ۳ʱҾ֪Сݵùġ
Ҷ֪ͷͷǵ⡣
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Ҷ֪￴ϰ֣֣ҵġ
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Ҷ֪죬ϰ
ŮĵÿأҶż߹Ůһۣĸ
ҶϹһĶҶ֪ﵽ˱Ҷһ˸ס
ЪһᣬŮСҶӣ㿴㣬ôŹ˶þ߲ˣĸŮģ
Ҷ֪˿ϰ֣ͷȲ裬ÿҲ֪ڿ϶͵Ц
ҶҲǣǸˣÿҹֶûҶ轫ìͷָҶְ֡
Ҷ֪ĿϰһۣղЦҡҶְֵɹȥТŮüȥĻභţһԾûС
ҶȻǿ˵Сĸλһֱϲ֡ҶҲˣСҶǸŮӣ绪ïľͲ˼ҵĹŮһ֣·εĴԼأȻҶСҶûСŮĸҵԸеʧ
ҶְָŮʹ˸ɫҶ֪æ裬ҿҲˣ͵ɣ۸ٳɡ
ҶҪ˵һŮĴϣ֪ǸŮͬıĽֻܽܣģɰͻȥˣðǸȷй迴
Ҷ֪ʶĿҶְ֣ͷϰڿ϶û¶˵ԼҲϲΪ˵ˣȻͬˡ
ȷӽӵҶ֪ĵ绰ʱһֱԲģҶټ¶á
˵̳ϣȴܲôҲˣ̩Ȼ֮ġǶҶ֪ĸĸǺܾηģǺġ
ڶ죬ȷԼõʱ仹ǰ˰Сʱţ·϶³ٵˣҶְҶ²õӡ
ڲ°ĸ߷ڣһ·ͨͣҶ֪ҵĹԢ¥£ȷ翴˿ʱ䣬磬ڳϵһʱˣϳ߽Ԣ¥
Ҷ֪ҵԿףǹİ壬˸š
Ҷ֪ţЦ˰Ȼﺰ֡裬ȷˡӹȷŵ˳ְŹϡ
ȷ绻ЬߵҶҶ裬ֱվǶĽеã̺á
ҶҶͷк£Ҷ֪ȥ˼Ҫɳ£㱻ҶһۣԼ
Ҷ֪ƲƲ죬ε˹ȷһۣȷһĵʩʩȻ߻ط䣬Źϡ
Ҷְֿ˿ȷϵЬȻЦЦȷͷһЩˡЬʱסչҶ֪ʱģȷ翴ЦݺҶְ֣ͻȻЩ¡
ʵӱҶְ־Ǹѧ֮ʿҶʱӦŮ³ʲɿɶġϱöҪʵСϺüꡣ϶͸žµǣ·ܿ͸һ㡣





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ȷеţЩ֪
Ҷְֿһۣʾ˵
Ҷ迴Źȷϲ㡣ȷЩãȻ̧ͷҶŵҿóҲϲҼұǲһ𣬲ԺԲǱǿɲ׷ŹŶҶְֵͷͬ
ȷæҡͷʾԼᡣ
ҶЦЦҲв㣬ֻϣܿġ
ȷͷ֪ҺϲҶ尢ͬһĺܸмҲұ֤Ҷһÿһ춼ῪģһŬûл᲻ġ
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ҶߵҶ֪ſڣͻشţҶ֪浹˳òסţŲˤϡ
˶ЦĿҶ֪Щ˼ӡ
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Ҷ֪ˢǺˡ
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Ҷ֪߳ŭŴЦİ裬ȷЦúӣŭˣûЦЦʲô˲ġ
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ȷУҶǨŭǹ˽𡣡
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ҶЦŶԹȷ˵ܷİѱˣСӲҪʧ
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Ҷ֪Ҫ˻
ȷ֣һЦȳŲ˻
һЦҶ֪˰ûסҲЦ˳Ц߷йƵڹȷš
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Ҷ֪Ҫϰ̧֡ܡҶˣŮõʱ޲ճһ⶷ûû˵ġ
ˣͱˣ˿Ц˰СҶӴ绰СӺСӣһԸҲüûˡ
Ҷ֪ͷֻ̨ϴ绰պ˾һ˵ҶԷȻǸ˵أæʺʱص㣬ʾԼһ׼ʱ
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ȷǿģԴҾĳȥ
ҶҶڳϣŴ⣬ʱĸпзչ죬Ҫٹƾϲطˡ
Լ˰Сʱͣ˶õķſڣҶҶ³Ҷ֪Źȷȥͣ
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˾æϼǰĵĽеҶ塣̡
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Ĵ˿ɻСҶأ
ҶߣߵȷͣȥˣȽȥǰɡյͷ
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ͷͣǵȻܳٵ˰ǰɣ̣ҶЦ
ҶͷҶֱ֪뷭ۡ
˶ˣȷȥù˵ʼˡ
Ҷ˴һųɶ˶غȲ裬ǳʲôУȥɡ
տǶеغȲҶ֪СҶͽ
Ҷ֪һڲ躬֪Ǹ³ȥãȻĿգôͳͽˣ
Ҷáɸ֡ʹԼŮǶȲ裬Ϲʲôһѡˡ
Ҷ֪ĿǣΪ͸ϸͽĴñӣǹԩġŮȨߡ˼ԼĻɹļж١룬ߣΪ֣Ļ1224˾ϰֿ϶վǱߣȷӦûģǱϾǹѲڰЭɡ
ҶտҶ֪һʶࡱֵͷȥо˵Ҷ֪ʣֲҲıҹɶΪС룬վǰʺˮ¶ǡ
˳Сʱо֣ŮȨ顱ö˲˵Ҷ֪˿ڸ㶨ˡ
Ȳ˵Ƕʱ䣬ҶŮȤݡΡʱгȻ⣬Ҷ軹ʱʱĵҶ֪һۣпԼŮͲСء
Ҷ֪ǸŭԣһԵЦЦ
ȴǸʹḶ́ҵ񻹲ϲٶȺܿ죬Ȳ˲ˣǶԡαĸŮͣ˵ô໰ģȳԱ˵
ǣ簲Ҷ֪ھʱ⵽ˡ
ԷʱҶ֪ڹȷԱߣȷĵ֣İο
Ҷ֪жĿһͷԷ
˿˵Ļ࿴һۣЦˡ





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극ҶҶҪˣҶ֪㶣Ҷĸ첲ôȥٶ
ҶԴϰֵĿٻģܶ˵ҲҪǣ
СҶӱ費֣뿪ôãǺǵģ᲻ߵġ
ҶְŮԴԣְȥôǰˡ
֡СҶӼϰСӺ壬첻Ľе
ŮҶְֿŹȷСҶӾͽˣɲܿǼұŶ
ȷЦŵͷӭСҶӰһö
˾˵ҺչҲҪһˡ
ջ˵Ҷ֪ôһҪ߰
Цֻǻȥһˣֲǲˡ
˾ͷλȥΪ˰ϲ¡
˷׷׿ǣ˾Цǽһ⡣
Ҷ֪ﾪϲĽеҪˣǸϽĻȥ찡ǵõʱϲǰ
ȷ˾ļ򣬡ϲϲ
ҶְҶҲǸˣʱ˼ϲ尢̰
˾һһͷӦʣҲѵõĴЩӵĵͷ
һʱ䣬õգʱĲ졣
ŰְķɻգҶ֪ѹİȷ绳ȷ羲رĺ󱳰š
һŵȥ˺òã
Ҷ֪ƵءšһŹȷǣȥ
һصң̯ɳϣ۾Ķǽϵĳһ㷢
ȷεҡҡͷκΰοûãֻԼӦ߹ȥĶͷʵʲôҸ
Ҷ֪ҡҡͷֻؿڡ
ȷ̾˿ɳϣţſԼǰĦĺ󱳣ֻн죬Ͳôˣ֪֪
Ҷ֪û˵ҲûȷһԼûãѹȴʲôҲˣָоġ
Ҷ֪šһ§ȷҲ˾ôӵɳϣ˭û˵ôš
ϣȷӲ뷹һȻ¥ɢ֮󣬳˸ط˯ȥˡ
ȷڷֱ˯ţϷŻԼķ䣨Ǽͷ˯
ҹѾˣȷڴϣȴһ˯ⶼûСҶû¶ôӣƽʱǴ֣ɵ㶣ȴûô˿žһۡ
۾ǿԼҪЩ֪ʲôʱ򣬽ؽ磬Ҷһĵģ
Ҷָ֪ĺܿ죬ڶ͸û¶һùȷЩοۡοǣڲٲģȻҪˡ۵ǣ֮ôĻָΪѾϰ˴ʹ֮Ӳˡ
緹Ҷ֪Ǳôˣ
ȷ£Ӧ֮ܿĴػӦòཨ˰ɡ
Ҷ֪ͷҽȥؿȥ𣿡ȷȻǵͷˡ
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Ҷ֪￴ôˣͼˣӦòܰǺ˶˺üġ
½һæֵǣǣͼû⣬ֻЩطҪһ¡
Ҷ֪ͷΪŹġ
½ȥͼҶ֪Թȷ㹫˾¾Ȼȥɡ
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Ҷ֪ˣԼȥˣôæҪ۵Լˡ
ȷ⼸ѹ˲¶ƵüӰŪ꣬ԼȥҸҴ绰ȻһᵣģУҪʩĵط֪𣿡
Ҷ֪ͷͷ֪ˣع˾ɣ·Сġ
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½ͼֽ߹ߵݸߵܹϵ
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Ҷ֪Цûϵֲʲô֦ҶֻҪܳԵĶɡ
½ЦԴ֪㲻
Ҷ֪˳˳ͷĵϲˡ
Ĭ˺һ½ʵĪôˣ
Ҷ֪￴˿˵ˡ
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Ҷ֪ЩĿ½Ǵѧʱѧѧãѣϵûкõ̸ô˽ܵĳ̶ȡ
½˵ЩΣԴ˼ЦЦǸҲôġ
Ҷ֪ҡҡͷȴҲû˵
һʱЩ䳡½Ҳ֪Ҫ˵Щʲôźãֻܾصŷ
극ֻصǱߣͼ½һһ£ʱҶ֪ܾ½͵룬Լȥˡ
صҸȷ˸绰ȷ绹ڹ˾æ˵ȥԼȳЩõˡ
Ҷ֪˵绰Ū˵㶫ӣɳϿ˻ӣЩˣԡҳ˸裬˵ȥˣԴհͷ˯ˡ





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ȷʱ򣬼ڵţ֪Ҷ֪Ѿ˯ˣҴϴ˸裬Ҷ֪﷿˯ţһ£ñӣط˯ȥˣҲ۵ˡ
ڶϣҶ֪Ϊ˯ñȽ磬𴲵ʱȷ绹ûȥͣȻԡ
ͣȷ绹ǰҶ֪͵ǱߣȻٿع˾
Ҷ֪½һִһ磬ȥˡû±ڽйţȴһ벻ˡ
ҶСһ˹𣿡
Ҷ֪һ̳ĳǰһˮƷһʶĻͷ˿ȵХ
ХЦЦһոտƷʵϲ
Ҷ֪عҡҡͷֻǾЩ¶ѣ̸ϲ
ХͷҶ֪û˵ʲô뿪֪Ϊʲôһһ˵Ĳڡ
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ХЦĿողǽХôֱˣô⡣
Ҷ֪ﱻ˶£ҲǣҲǡ
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һХİ칫ңҶ֪ʵܽʲô£
Х£ִվţ㿿Լİ칫ϣʻƤЦҶСȱѡ
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Хæߵűһסȥ·
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ХǾ䣬ѹȱ裬ѡ
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Ҷ֪ЩϤĻȷǩԼʱ˵ľ۶ϣȻЩܲõĶһǻԼǱԵģָо˺ܲˬ
Ȼ㲻ǾûҪٶ㣬֮֮ʲô˱ˮڣܱ˲ɣ
ôţߵɳ£ХڿϴţкҲԱߡ
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ֽǰסģ֪ǻ֪
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Ҷ֪峿ʱ첻ȥǱˣ𴲣ŹȷķŽգ̾˿춼æŻһǺˡҪΪְ裬ҲôæЩⲻȥ֪ȷ˵ûϵҲǻ۵ġ
ڳŪͱţ⼸ͺúõڼоһʳףȷٺõĲ
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˵ʲôҶ֪Щ㶵Ŀ
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Ҷ֪ЩȻЦһ
ȷ촽˶ûг
Ҷ֪ˣͷģЦҶͦϲģҶԻ۹Դûͻңʡʡɡ
ȷЩţ۹
Ҷ֪ͷ԰ֻҪһͻصʱݿˣСʱйһΣɰҰˣԺҾûӽʲôˡ
ȷɵˣ֪˻۹ôأȻǾŵˣԼû͹ҲᶨԺ
һ뵽ղһõƣȻҲ򣬵õʲô֪ġ
Ҷ֪Ӹոտʼе㲻Ծʵôˣ
ȷŵĵոͻ㣬Ұˡ
Ҷ֪ſߣȷæϣҶҲǹġʱҶ֪ʶİŹϣǲ
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ȷ˵𻨣עҶ֪һξ룬ڻңûʲôƬҡҡͷ
Ҷ֪Ҳû˵ʲôѻˣȻɳŵ˭͵أ
ȷ껨ϴ˸ֲߵҶ֪ߣҶһȥ˾òã
Ҷ֪ﱾڼоʳ׵ģЩʵڲľܾŷĶһͷӦˡ





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Źȷ絽˹˾һ칫ңȷ˱ˮҶ֪Լڰ칫濪ʼ
Ҷ֪ɳϣ򿪵Կʼ
ȷ翴ļ̧ͷҶ֪΢΢൱졣
顱ȷ˵һӦ򿪣һļֱ߽վڰ칫ǰ棬ܲãѾ׼ˡ
ȷļ̧ͷȹȥ5Ӻ͵˵ͷ˳⡣
Ҷ֪רעĶŵԣȷߵ£ԴҶ֪΢΢ƫԴôˣ
ȷҪȥᣬһһ𣿡
Ҷ֪ͷȥɣûϵġ
šȷվѱˮļȥҡ
Ҷ֪Щ⿵Ƶ𾢶ءͻȻֻһۣʶĺ롣һᣬǽˡǱû㳢һι˭
绰Ǳߵ˵ҶС簡
Ҷ֪ɵĿһֻʵХ
ǱߴһЦ벻Ȼܲµңе㾪ϲء
ȷХҶ֪úܷƣҪҵ绰ôòľٶʵΥǿĵĲͣʵʲô𣿡
ûʲôʺһ㡣Х˵
Ҷ֪žһ¹ҵ绰¹ػȻֻһߣȻĵɳϡ
ХĪǿȥ칫ҺȲ裬ִĵĵ绰ô
ϵõ廨һ񺮣ǻ͵İɣ˶֪۹أͻҲһϾӦò֪ҵĵַǡôֻģѵǮˣҪϢʵ̫򵥲ˡ
һ뵽ԣû̹·˶ţĸо
Ƴһ۵ԣֹϣڵХһͨ绰һµûˡȻбɳϣ۾ҴߣǿԼȥЩĵ¡
ȷ翪ͼҶ֪ɳһ߽һɵЦԭҶ֪ҴİԼˣôϰɳ˫Żڵ˯ˡ
ֺЦҡҡͷȷᱧ𣬴ķţⱾƽʱϢĵطһҾ͵Сҡ߽ȥŵϣЬӣӸϣǣȻŵĴųȥ
̧ͷ˿ʱ䣬Ѿʮˣæײͣα۾ȥ
ƿţűӵûļ󣬲ҡҡͷ߽ǰȥļ򣬡ҶԷˡ
Ҷ֪ԺӦűӲ˲䣬м˯ȥơ
ȷ籧뿿ԼǰԷˣһ˯òã
Ҷ֪ǰȥԵû˯ѡ
ȷ֪˯ѵʱôɰһѵĿȥˣյԣ극˯ţȻӺۣԷ
Ҷ֪һҲˣĿ붯
ȷ֪ǹͷˣε̾˿˯Щ·ȥ
Ѿڲ輸ϣɳҶ֪￴Щˣͻͦʢġ˵ӳ
ЩˣɳϷյģû롰Ժ˯ˡɳ˯úܲȵģȷŵϣ˯ͺܰˣԲ˯ôá
ȷڴڵĳţʢһţҲӳ߳Աߵһҭˡ
Ҷ֪￴һۣŬؽĺ⡣ˣΪХĵ绰ƣһƾ͸öˣȻ֣ÿڷҧгݵĽֽǰѲ͵㵱Хҧš
˵ХһŪҶ֪ĺȲĴ˸绰ȥͨˣһǱ߲ŴҶ֪ѯ˭ȵǣֻ˵һ仰Ҷ֪Ͳ³˭е㾪ϲеգ㶺ģʧȥˡ
ʲô¡˵ʵȷûӲҪ˵Ļ붺Ӿ;ر棬ܾöûôȤˡ
绰ͻȻä˿ԭѵ绰ҵˣٲȥȻϵĹػˡ
ĵ绰ХЦƢǲءŸȤ𣿡ЦЦ˻ǸȤ˻ǹȷ˵ʱ򣬱ӺˡѪ촽еڴء
ڴʲôû˵ҲͲö֪ˣӣʲô¶ٶҶ֪͹ȷ˵Ǻ¶
أȷҶ֪극ֽʰ궫˵˱ϣ뿪ˡ
Ҷ֪￿ɳƤţȷЦ˯Ա˾˯˵ʲôǸ˯ôҪ˯ˣһ˯СʱŹ
Ҷ̧̧֪Ƥ촽˵˯ﰡûɿɳ𽥱бš
ȷ翴Ѿߵܹǰһֻſ̤ȥˣæ˯ˣȥɣʳ
Ҷ֪ܲԸ⣬ȷӲǽεֻõͷӦ
ȷЦſһƣ룬գҶ֪ЩŹȷԼȥˣϢɡ
ȷ룬ȷкܶҪͷӦˣ룬ȡһÿ˹ȥա
Ҷ֪ſЩ˵˵ֲûǮáֲǱŮˣǮ
ȷһʱҲˣȻ֪˼ģæ㲻ҪʲôȻˣ֮Ӧǲֱ˴˵ģҵǮҲôԼǮʲôñŤġ˵ҲûʲôǮǣ
ô˵Ҷ֪ﻹǾܱŤĥĥؽӹ²ΪȷЦеĵͷ
Ҷ֪ѿ˵ݰݡߡ
ȷ綣·ҪСĳ˾
Ҷ֪ͷ˸ڰֿųȥˡ
ȷЦſŹϵţڰ칫ڿҪҺڡˣŬ׬Ǯǡ֪Ҷ֪֪뷨θ룿
ͣˣûи££Ĳϣ





ʮ

Ҷ֪ĿĵڴйţעûȥХ˾ڵ֣ǸĽֵΪɲХǸֲӡˡ
ĴţһҾƷ꣬װεĺܵţԼҲûʲô£߽ȥɡ
һ̤ƷĴţ컨ϵˮůůĹ⣬ڻǰ죬ҲܲԼʹҲǺģɷϣƹӪһůգʡ
Ҷ̧֪ͷյƣѵԵÿɰҲܷҾƷʣɨһܣҵƺɫ䶼ܲܵ˵ǼұȽϡľƷꡣ
С㣬ǷƷŶ˵һʮµкӦҵϰ塣
Ҷ֪￴û뵽ҵϰôᡣЩ˼ЦЦǣֻǾƺܱ£Բ̲סġ
кҲӰյƣ˿Ǹ˵أԾҲ͸Ҷ֪׽֪ˡţصضƵģɣ
Ҷ֪ͷȷ䣬һʼע⵽ˡ
кͬԼĹ۵㣬ЦղһžעƣÿģżҲ̧ͷҲֻǿѣ˻רעĴ
Ҷ֪ЩЦĿŴ򿪻ϻӵкӦĺϲյưɡ
ѧƵ𣿡
Ҷ֪ɻĿΪʲôôʡ
кӺףЩ˼˵ҿղžһֱڴܵĲװΣȴûʲôƷԲǲѧƵģ
Ҷ֪ҡҡͷѧƵģǽƣơ
ۣƺ׬Ǯġк̾ݵĿ
Ҷ֪ﵹǱЩ˼æҵϰ壿
кҡҡͷһѧҵ򹤵ġ
Ҷ֪ͷͲϰôôᣬԭǹŶ˵ѧŶȻûҺϲרҵ
Ҷ֪ЩЦʵ˭㽨Ʊģ
кȻΪǮడ
Ҷ֪⺢ӾǮĶûİ
һϲƣϲѷƵĺůһ߽ȥܸܵҡĸок˵
Ҷ֪ĻЩ΢ı仯ȷ˵ҪѷƵġҡĸоҡĸоʲôأ
к˵ָЩ˼˵ǲǻ̫ˣܷɣ
Ҷ֪㶣ЦЦûУܿɰ
кˢúˣ֪ΪҶ֪˵ɰΪֿЦݡ
ҽзΨܸʶ㡣
кͻȻ֣Ҷ֪ЦգҶ֪
ţҴԺͽ֪㣬ҲֱӽСΨУòãΨ˵
Ҷ֪ûɶ飬ôûɶ˽й㣬ͻȻܵܣоҲôĻ
õӦʣΨҶ֪תڵҲûʲôˣͽ㰡ĽиͣҶ֪ܵʵ̫ɰˡ
ˣ˵ѧƵģҵǲƵģҶ֪ˮȵķΨ
Ψ±ӣЩϧ˵ʱѾˣżıһµĸ֣ˡ
Ҷ֪һ͵ʵ㻹мҵ
Ψ꣬ҽˡ
Ҷ֪úŬ˵űߡ
Ψæȥ֪㣬Ҫˣ
Ҷ֪￴ſҳõˣûȥˣл
ΨͷסЩ֧֧ĸҪֻţҶ֪￴Դɬ̲סԴֻűΨϽļ򣬵֮˳ȥ
̫ůϣپ죬ûʲôطɹãظˡиܵܣϢȷһ¡
֪ʲôʱʼѾôˡæʱ۵ĵʱߣ˵ʱһϲãӦþĸоɡ
ʵ˵ǰĪһʱǽĸ壬ŸµţȴֻǺѵ¡ĪıѣҲвѵΣҲǵһǴģ鵱飬ԼĪ
ͨˣõĪЩ̫飬ζƵϣ˵֣˵ѡĪĪ
ͻȻԼǸ˽ܻŮˣǲǺڸĪֵĻȻն˵ڡ
ڸĪ֣ʹʶԼҲдĪ֮䣬Ѿû顣Լȷ磬Ҳ޷֪ʲôҲȻԹĪҲǿ͸һУԼԹ԰
Īǿάϵϵע޷־á˵ĪֻĪİ̫ȷİȴȵģǿҵ޷Ӧ޷ԣⳡУĪӮ˹ȷ磬ʹûбѣҲӮˡֻ˵ŪˣڴʱһȻڶԵʱ䣬˷ֿˣŸڶԵʱԵ˴˻
ҸʱĪǸɡҶ֪߱૵֪͸ŵ㣬񲻽⿪ܾܺúܾá





ʮ

صȷ繫˾ʱڿᣬĵſɳϣпܲû治һæ
ɳһԣ˲ϲӰ￴Ŵʱ䡣
ȷһֱ˲Żص칫ң߹ȥʲôʱģԲ𣬻鿪̫ˣ˶͹
Ҷ֪￴Щƣӣɳ£Լһߣ̫Ѩţ˰ɣʲôʱ°ࣿ
ȷסףЩļҪҪȻؼȥ
Ҷ֪ſҡҡͷЩ۵գȥԵĻһ԰ɣʲô
ȷЦЦϲʲôʲôҲʳ
áҶ֪Űȥʳ
˶ʮӣһʳﻹơơ
ȷ翴ơƲЦ벻㻹ǸСƹ
Ҷ֪νЦЦָϵʳ˵ЩҪơƲζ
ȷޣƲ˵
Ҷ֪ҲӾͳ߹˿ơƵˣ򸴺󣿡
ȷЦҡͷҪ͡ӣҲͲˣʱ򣬶ǰˣǻʲôеûġ
˺ܿĽơƺʳȷһûȹ񫡣
Ҷ֪ʰӱߵ֪ɣϻҪôơ
ȷĵޣҾҲûвǣ
ʮһ࣬ȷڰԴļ˳ƳһҶ֪ɳϻ˯
վҶ֪Ժʣˣ
ȷͷҶ֪վߵߡ
ȷѼϵװţӳҳԿףȥͣ
Ҷ֪ڸʻϣһûһĸȷţ˵ΨʱҶ֪͸һɵ⾢ȷ翴һЦ
һЦŻ˼ңҶ֪ȳԡϴ裬ͷʪյľͳˣϴ̨ëͷ
ȷˣȥϴ裬ʱҶ֪ͷɳϿӡ߹ȥͷʪġͳ紵ϵԴͷ
Ҷ֪ѷ񣬹ȷָͷд󣬺紵ﴵů磬ı۾
ͷˣȷѵ紵Żذˣȥ˯ɡ
Ҷ֪ͷϡһһڣȻʩʩȻĻط˯ȥˡ
ȷվڿˣָŻеһܵԡֳ˸裬سˮ衣
˻˻Ȼ֪ű˯㡣
ڶ죬Ҷ֪Ըȥȷ繫˾ˣΪʵ̫ˡȷҲǿȻʱܿôģǻЩĲ̵ġ
緹ˣȷǰȥţҶ֪
һ򿪣ȷкȻһõ塣
кȷҶ֪Ҷ֪СɣĻǩա˵žҪѻݹ
ȷһѶӵߵͰ
к˴ֻŵݻơ
Ҷ֪͵˼ҶԻ۹ԡ
кЩԾ˿ͰĻһʱЩ֪롣
ȷ߻ݺݵصԺͻ
кЩΪѵǣÿһģֻ˵ҪѰ
ȷüʵʲôˣ
кЩ֧֧ǿ˵˽˵ġ
ȷҪ˵ʲôҶ֪סˡҶ֪￴к鷳ԺͻֱӶͰ
к̧ͷ˿Щɵ˵´Ǹ绰ĻҸ˵˵ӦþͲͻˡ
Ҷ֪ЦЦлл
кҡҡͷ鷳ˣǱǸټ
Ҷ֪ţĬ緹
ȷҲҪ˵ʲôȴվû˵ڡ
극Ҷ֪ʰòվˮرϴ룬ȷԴϣʵҶ˭͵Ļ
Ҷ֪ҡҡͷҲ֪˭
᲻Īȷʵ
Ҷ֪ﻹҡͷ˵Ī֪һ۹ͻ
ǻ˭أȷСţҶ֪ӣ˫գ̾ôôأ
Ҷ֪ﱾǱˣꡱһЦûİһۡ
ȷЦ˲˿Ŷ𣿰һ಻ڣҵҶЦÿɼϰһصı飬ˣҪÿ춼ĵġ
Ҷ֪֪ںЦøǿһڣʲôõǵģ˭ˮڣǹ¾սء
ȷõģβ¶ģǻôҸ㶥š
Ҷ֪￴ᶨصͷ˻һۣ鲻ԽЦ
ȷ֮Ҷ֪һڼҴɨŵأֻˣһǸ룬ҲХĵ绰ӵģ˿ʣͨˣι
ҶС簲绰ﴫХЦʰ
硣Ҷ֪ﲻɫӦ
绰Ǳ߶˶٣Х֪ô˵һʱûҵӦ֮ʣֻ䳡ðβĲʲô£
Ҷ֪Ц㲻˵ڰʣҸҪ˷ѿˮ¡
Хֶ˶٣˵Ϭ
Ҷ֪û˵ûȤЩûӪĻ⡣
䳡һǲǲң
Ҷ֪˵ͷϧܲÿûʲôҪ˵ģҾ͹ˡµ绰˶٣ִյߣԺҪͻ˵ɵĹҶϡ
ֻϰѼϵأ·ʲô¶ûз
Хĵ绰ûŴȥǰѵ绰ЦǸ˼ˣԽǽӴԽ˼ô˼һˣȷռȥ





ʮ

ԴХͨ绰ȻûͻȷЩ棬ǻ˸˵ˣҲû⡣
Ҷ֪룬ȻХ֮ûٴ绰˿˵ģ治֪ҪӦХ˺ֲܿôõġ
һڣҶ֪ӵ½ĵ绰ҪȥҶ֪Ӧױװͳˡ
ڳϸȷ˸绰ȥˡ
һ³½ӭ˹Ҷ֪һѵͼʲô⣿
СҶӣһ°ɡ½Цߡ
Ҷ֪ɻȻЦŵģôͼӦûģɵ˿ֻǣҪʲô
ߵǰŷֲʮʱ䣬ⶰ¥ѾиˣɵþȵŴͿš
Σ½Щʵ
Ҷ֪˵ͷ۾ԶǶ۾գҲգ
ͼĺܰǰѧУʱ֪ˣۼʶ̲סҪ̾һ˵ʵСҶӣС˵Ļһܻ𱬡½ǿ佱
Ҷ֪Ҳ֪û˵ʲôǰ˼ӣȻʵıͼֽϿҪ˵Ķࡣ
½æ߶Сĵ㣬ʱΣմڵġ
Ҷ֪ͷҲٿֻͷš
Ե·ֻͣǹ̫Ҳ࣬ûע⵽
ȷ˳ͼҶ֪½վһͷ棬˹ǣߡ
ǻЧʡҶ֪￴½޸п
½ЦЦܿѪȾ׼ˣҲ˺ܶȽоģ˶Ȼǿģұ֤Ŷ
Ҷ֪˵ͷ֪ȷܹע̣Ҳ⣬Ϊˣ㲻òעһעˣҪɲŻᰲġ
ûҪСȡ֣½ʵ
Ҫȡģҡȷ˵ˡҡܰĸоܲ뷨ûʲôˡ
˻Ȼ޾ţûĹ˶ǻ֣̫ûǹںʲô
ȷʶĿ˿վˣ̧ͷ˿Ȼ͵رȥ
䡱һһľӦء
Ҷ֪￴ŵ֧ԼϷĹȷɵˣȷ翴ЦЦֻǶͷѾð亹
Ҷ֪￴ˢùۿȷᣬȴ̧첲
½æ120Ҷ֪ڵϣѹȷ§ڻ۾ض·
ȷ밲οȴЩġ
120ܿ͵ˣҶ֪ȴõȴʱ̫ˡ
ȷ类õ̧ϳҶ֪󡣳ҽ˼򵥵ļ飬˵û˵ҪҶ֪˿ȴȻץֲš
ȷ罥Щ͸֧˯˹ȥ
Ҷ֪ҽԺϣͷ͵͵ĴšһһεڴʯذϣһһˮȦ
ҵĵˣȷ类ͽҶ֪ǰ֣Ի˯ţգ˵ţãû¡
ȷ˸جΣεԼˣҶ֪ﲻͣڿޡüȴȴôҲҲֹסµûбĿɾһĬĬᣬһ߲ͣѰӰģʹҪˡŬҪ˵ߣȴŬ˺һ͵ۣźڰķ˿ҿΰ
ƫͷҶ֪ſڴߣ˯ˣδɵۡ
ȷڲ֪ĵʱЪ˹ĴޣĬĬصᣬⲻ֪Խ̵ĲԽۡ
ҿû¡˵šҿµĲ㡣һۣˣȴ顣
Ǻˣȷֱ۾ûп۽ǻºۡ
ȷٴʱѾˣһ䣬ûмҶ֪۵һ˿ʧ仮
աһűˣҶ֪߽æ첽ߵߡ
ôûʲôط۲ۣ
ҶȷЩڰĽеҶ֪㶣Ҷҹˡ
Ҷ֪ۿˣȷһˣȴʹֻûŵҶްҲãҲöģ޺òã
Ҷ֪ĨĨ۽ǵᣬͷ˸Цݸʵ㣬һòã
ȷҪιҡҶ֪û飬˳Ƭ࣬һһڵιԡ
ȷ̵ĳţ˻Ĵãֻι˲⸱ͺˡ
һƬ˴룬ȷҡͷ˵ԱˣҶ֪ʣµķһߣҳȥˮϴ
ȷ翴ıӰ̾ҪǲǿЦˡʱκΰοЧܻȿ޻ѿЦֻԼˣ˰ﲻæȻҪʱ취Ʋġ
ҽԺס˼죬ڵõҽ׼ȷ˿ڿԻؼˣϴҽԺﶼҪùˡ
Ҷֿ֪ŵʰöߵؼסɡ
Ϊʲôȷ粻Ľе
Ӷˣչ᷽ܶࡣҶְ֪·
ҪҲҪչˡȷصĿǲǾչҺ鷳
Ҷ֪Դ˵˵ʲôһһؼҵġ
ȷִͣЦţֵҺٰסҲŲҪôݷء
Ҷ֪ЦЦƳһۣ˵˵
⼸ȷŷӶЦȴЦ֪ģⲻ˵ѹ˵ƭ˵ģȷ˵ǲΣȴû취ƭԼ
µģڡ֪ʲôʱҲһҲ˵֪ǣû취ˣǳڸмİˣأˡ





ʮ

磬ҩˡҶֶ֪ˮҩ
ŶȷԹԵӦŴͣҶ֪ҩŽְѱӵݵߣȷֺһˮҩȥ
죬ҩ̫ѳˡ
Ҷ֪ЦЦѱӷڴͷϣҪҪ
šһҶ֪ߵ¹ϣó·߻شߡȷƿǶҶֽ֪⿪˯£ٰϳһһϵÿӡ
ȷ̵ģصһڣҶͻݰ
Ҷ֪ûİһۣ·¥
ڹȷıʮӶ˰æҶ֪ÿҪ¾רչ˹ȷ磬ɨʲôĶǷܶࡣ
ɳҶ֪ﵽߣһһ׵ιԡһĻϤֻж˻һ
ҶûУȷʵ
ٳԡҶֵ֪һ׵ߣ¡
һܿ˶ǣҶֽ֪˲죬ҪҪԵģ
Ҫ󡣡
šҶ֪ſȥʱ϶ż
ȷڵʵ̫ˣҸԶͣһ̡
ֳ󣬹ȷҡͷ˵ԼԱˣҶ֪Űѱֽ򿪷ϸȻԼȥ͡
ŵʱһļǱҪȷǩֲеġ
˰£ȷָĳ̶ȣҶ֪˿˽һ죬¹ȷԼʱ̽ȶˡ
ȷֵÿԼߣСӹ۵ġ
˲ųԹ緹Ҷ֪ͻȻӵĪĵ绰Լһ档
Ҷ֪ӦˣҲҪģֻǹȷˣԲһֱš
˵绰ȷһԥ֮ɫҶ֪߹ȥյҺܿͻòã
ȷ֪ȡֻ֣õͷ
Ҷ֪Цһ£¥·˸кͳˡ
Լĵص㣬ĪѾˡҶ֪ݵ߹ȥĪǰμʱŭʵǲǲˣ
Ҷ֪ЦЦˣǼ²ȫĴҲвɻرܵΡ
㣬㡭Ī죬ȴ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ĪԲ𡣡Ҷ֪
ĪɵˣæֵӦ˵ԲŶԡ
Ҷ֪ҡҡͷĪȻƭ֪ҼɵģҲ㣬Ҳǻ㣬ҾԲ㣬ҡ
Īɵɵĵ˵ͷЦı˺ܶࡣֿ˿һֱϲ㣬Ӵѧʼǡ˶٣Щ˸е˵һֱô䵭ģ˶һѺú޺ȴķأ߽ĺѡ
Ҷ֪죬ȴֻһ䣬Բ𡣡
ĪҡͷЦſȷһ궼û£ˣһһҸɣ
Ҷ֪ﲻÿɷֻǶš
ͨˣصߣһ𲢲֣ȷʺ㣬ȻҲôøҲܲҸĪĿҲһμˡ
Ҷ֪͵̧ͷǲ⡣
ĪվߵߣҾҪȥˣܲٻˡ´ս촽ԼĴѹϣֻǽš
Ҷ֪ƿ
ĪĴ˵˾䡰Ҫҡֱؿһۣ뿪ˡ
һΣ߰ɣҲٿıӰһһԶҡԭҰɣһǸ߿ˡ
ټˣҶ֪
Ҷ֪㶵ذûлعԼһʪ⴫ԭ֪У档
ԲĪ
ͷŰǰһ˫ĺɫƤЬε棬ӨӨˮ⡣
һ˫˹ָ̧زۣ˸оۡ
ۡҶ֪͵˵ޡ
ȷ۵ĺ󱳣û˵οĻʱһõġȻΪ˿ܲˬıʪԼѡ
޽Ǽϵʣôſţֻ±è䡣
ҪҪУȷ縧ĺ󱳵
Ҷ֪ҡҡͷӦǲϣ˰ɡ
ȷû˵ʲô࣬ؼȥ
˵Ҷ֪ڳϾ̲ס˯ڹȷ绳ȷ籧׵ۿ̾˿
ҹɫУĪվߵĽϣҹĻµĳУ˶ĳУҹҪ뿪ˡ
صԢţͷһ˹ͬĵط˱۾ȻĹϷš
վڻĴ룬ͷɨһۣǹƱڡ
ллûҵ룬ҲõĻ䡣





ʮ

Īߺ죬Ҷ֪ܵһĪߵĵġ
򿪰һԿףҶ֪ԿĪԿסٿ˿滹һ˵ֽһĪдԡ
ˣԿŰɣ͵˵ԲȻ֪㲻Ҫˡأټˡ
Ҷ֪￴̶̵ļ֣ۿȣսԿףૣĪлл㡣
ӻһһĹţȷѾõĲˣҲˡڵԸϲһǺҸ
صң泳µģ֡
ڸҶ֪￴ҴܵС׷
ϴ˼С֮¶ͲҪˡС֣չЦ
Ҷ֪Ȼĵͷԭ˳һ˰
ϴ˵ҲŲһءϽܵҶ֪߱⡣
Сͬ־һˣţôô˵ҿɲϵİ
ܹȥ䣬ݺݵϹʲô˭ţţ
Сĺۣе˭Ӧ˭š
ˣݺšһ²ŷſ
һ˺ôЦҶ֪Լİ칫ʵǴʲôʱϲ¶
ϴҪúСܵʵ
Ҷ֪ЦŵͷȻˣңҶųǵϲء˷׷׵ͷӦ͡
ԳЦһ鵹ҲãֻҪһݺҪ߶ˣۻ׼ݲǣ
һЦ⵹ˣݶһһݡ
С֣˽ģ
Сһ˹ȥסһϣ
һĹȥҪ㣬Ҳʲôطʲôװ˵׷ҸϡľĿ
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С֣ͬ־߹ȥļ򣬡Сϱ㻹ǱˣС㡣
Сͬ־һôûƷ¶𣿡
С֣Ȼ򣬡СϱϴһŮˣѵ㣿
С͵һԴϣҶ֪ЦЦĿߣæ˸ЦݣץС֣ѹٺ˵ˣʦ˭Ҷٺ˵ڡ
С֣˿Ҷ֪æͷǣϴЦɲôÿġʹϰСˣӿڳммǡ
ֵĹһ죬Ҷ֪Ȼһ߳칫ҵģʰǺܲء
صҵʱȷѾڼˣʵһᡣǺæģҪܻؼҡ
ȷɳվЦô𣿡
Ҷ֪㲻ȣҾȵǾȻ֮ǰ㡣
ȷıӣȥ·ɡ
Ҷ֪ʵҪȥ𣿡
ȷͷƻᣬ뵽ġ
Ҷ֪Ȼ̾˿ȥһ·
ѾʮһµˣһһҶ֪˼ɫëһӵ̿ȹٴһװɫļӳףһٴѥӦþͲ˰ɡ
ھǰգִ˸Ƥ߳ҡ
ȷ翴װ磬ЦЦ
Ҷ֪߹ȥھ𣿡
ţȥʱ仹ܳԣôϡȷߵſڣֻͷԹܼҵ׼ˣҹϻԡ
ܼҵͷǡ˳ţ˾ѾӵȷҶ֪ţϳ֮ԼƵһϳ˾˵˵ص㣬ؿ
ȻסڹȷıǴȷϺ˾ͻҶ֪ǶģҶ֪û͸Լûչ˺סڼȷֻҪţסĶ⣬ҲҶ֪ÿԼǳҲʹӦˡǶֲܵʲôʱסȥС
˴һסˡ
ỹôģҶ֪ȱȱĿһӵˣȷ֪ϲᣬԼҲϲû취˱ĸվһǺ۵Ľţѹֵա
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ȷҶ֪ͬʱ̧ۿ˿վǰˣҶ֪ﾪӨ
Өͷ֪þò
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˾˰ɣҲûʲôġӨ̾˿
Ҷ֪סȷ֣΢΢þȷĬĬذְġ
˵ʲôǸĪʲôХһЩͷԡ
ӨҡͷûʲôһʽѣѾˡ
Ҷ֪￴ûκֻеĮѣһʱԼǲǿˡȷ֣ͼҡҡͷ
Ҷ֪ȻѾˣûȨȥ๱˵ĸ顣
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˶ûХת¶һڱصõЦݡ
ֱ˵ӰȺУתӨյֵǲ
ӨЦŹĸ첲ܹˡ





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ȷҶ֪Ⱥдһ̳ϵһЩ˴˸кһ䡣
ҶԺǸХǵԶһȷ
š˵Ҳ֪ҪԶХÿθĸоôΣա
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ȷ̾˿ĺ󱳵ôôأ
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֪㣬ȥɣΨָǰһ̵ꡣ
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Ψߣߵſڵʱ򣬻ͷֿһۣʹħ𣿻ǣʹҲ˶ħ





ʮ

˰컹ҲʵģҶ֪ٹȥԼпܻˡ˿ʱ䣬ѾһˣԸߵķΨȥԷɡ
ΨͷͶˣֻҶ֪ƺûʲôоҲûᡣ
ڸ˼Ҳ˲֮Ҷ֪űӺ˿ˮ˼ǲǶˣ
ΨɦɦףЩ˼˵ãֻһˡҶ֪ЦſԼЩˣ㴹ԴűӰš
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Ҷ֪͵һ£ƤһأæͷͰǷ޲ýﲻ̧
ȷżԼһڳԵģ۾һֱЦο
Ҷ֪һξãԭԷôۡ





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󣬹ȷȥķɻԱ˽һܣ
ȷ翴˿Աߵˣ㶣ȵС㡣
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Ҷ֪жϵ绰ֻڴͷϣڴϴĶ˺һ͵Ӹסͷ˯





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Ϣһ죬ʱҲˣȷ㿪ʼæµӣȻÿҶ֪绰ɧš
ÿԹԼ绰ʱҶ֪ﶼúΣ뵽һڷӦҲ࣬û˵ʲôÿҲǱԹ䣬͵ڽ˵ˡ
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үһڣڰֵû¶ˣȥŰɡ
ڷʮӣż١
ְ֡һڹȷԱ£ֻǰ棬Ľתһߡ
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ӶǶ룬ʮܼҴһ˵£ֻò͡
үӵˣ԰ɡֶԹȷ磬صҾͲҪôˣصطԸ˼㰮ԵĲˣ԰ɡ
ԣЩ˼Ľеϰ֣Ϲ˵ʲôѽҲûнгŪʲôء
үӺǺЦúãϰϹ˵ˣ԰ɣ԰ɡ˵ӳһڡ
ȷҲſӼв˳ԡ
ôйζΣүӼһڣʵ
ȷʳܵص
үԺЦרƸйʦйζЩпĵڹô껹ЩйƬ½ˡ
ȷ翴˿常ʱҲԻعתת
ү̾˿Ҳ밡Ҫæ̫࣬Ҳʱ䡣
鿴ϰֵݣûʱ𣿡
СѾͷʲôʱҸɷϰֵİ࣬ϰֲͿˣүЦǺǵĿŮСȾϺɫ
̧ۿ˿ȷ磬޷ӦϡŰϧɨһۣƤϧȷĬʹҧ촽û˵ʲô˵Ļ
үӿŮڣҲɨ˹ȷһۣ̾˿ŮΧ˺ˣ˵ˣϽԷɣ˾Ͳóˣʲô¶˵
鿴ӵĲˣһʳûУ޺޵ĵͷԷĹȷһۣ԰ɣ㣡





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ƵسһٷүŹȷȥģȻϧպҲһͬȥˡ
簡ôүŲ豭ڿʵ
ȷ˶ţԴãѾˡ
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ȷ㶣漴ͷһڹڽ赱С
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鱻ôԴհһƬû˵ʲôڵƿЩ죬߿ô
ȷԾ˿ˣٴϳԻǶ˵ϳɡ
ŤŤ˳ȵš³֮ÿȷǱߵĳ˵ǰôҶ⣬ԺҪˡ
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ȷ翴һⴱвһ˿תͷԼסıʻȥ
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ѳͣ·ߣͷŷϣҪʵ䷴ſڷ˰СʱҡͷЦЦԵҶˡ
ѾˣȥϢɣͷȻֱûҪ졣ٴηӣݵķ





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ӣҴææҪȥĶҶ֪һϳεʵ
ձ߿ߵȥ
Ҷ֪αһƤţﺬ˵ʲôʱ԰ҲŸ·ɻͲϢһ£
Ƴһۣ˯ˣεڷɻô㻹û˯
Ҷ̧̧֪Ƥֲǲ֪ɻ˯ȡ˸Ƿ˸Ƚʵƣλϣһ˽ҡ
տ˯ˣֺЦˣרĿɡ
Ҷ֪оҡΣһԼϵ֣Դһߣ˯屻ҡţҶ֪͵ۣ۾Ѱףڿͬŵ۾͵ѹڨЦӣ㰡
հһۣһ˭౻ĺ˵֣̾СҶ˯ʱֿݡ
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׵ۿͲϲңҪҵȥ𣿡
үϲ͹ˣģϰֻġ
ӣ˵ͷ





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Ҳֻ֪ҪҴЩϡûˡսȭͷһ·ġ





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Ҷ֪յҵʱ˾Ѿڿˡ
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Ҷ֪ĵһ仰ʱˣٴмܲס
ȷҶ֪ﲻٸҶվһ𣬱Ҫȥȴ˾סˡ
ҪȥҶ߹ȥڨˡ
˾Ҷ֪￴һۣȻЦЦȴûзſСҶûУ
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СҶӾټϱϲȾƣûҲǺġ˾˵
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˾ҡͷ̾ûġصЦЦСҶ̬֮ûҲ벻ġ
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˾Ҿ¶Щˡ
һνҡҡͷֵǹȷ磬ֻССĻһ¶ѡ
˾ͬĵͷһЦкȥˡ





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ȷߵҶ֪ߣ˱ƸҶ֪￴˿ֽӹ
ȷñӸǸӣȾףһ¡
Ҷ֪ͷһڡ
ȷ粻ڵĿһҶ𣿡
Ҷ֪ﲻʲôΪЦЦһȲġ
ȷ統Ȼֻ֪Ǹո˾Ǿ䡰ĪǵķʲôĪûġ
к𣿡
Ҷ֪˵ͷѧҵǴκȶˣҲôǵãҲֻ˵Һ˾˯ˣֻÿ˵ʱ鶼Щ֡
ȷ˸֪ˣֲð֮ʣչҶ֪ˣ˵ҪЩѸʶȷҲ˾ˡ
Ҫʱ򣬹ȷԸԳˣҶ֪ﱻȥƣıշ˹
ȷӹЩ̱Ҷ֪һۣ˹ô϶᲻ˡ
Ҳƽϣ˰֣㻹ǿҶӻȥɡ
ȷ翴Żﲻʡµˣε̾˿ᱧ
Цǽһ⣬ͺúáܡɡ
ȷ籧Ҷ֪ص䣬طڴϣգЩ̣ӦǾƺȶ˾˰ɡ
˾һƭˣҶľֻ˯òʡ£֪Ͳˣô϶
ĽԡšëǸо⣬һֱ˯ŵҶ֪ﶯ˶˫ץëƴš
ȷһһҶ֪˫۽գ⶯ȫǱܷӦѡ
Լؿڣ˿Ҳ֪Լںʲôëϣ¶̫ߣһë㱻ˣЩŤš
ȷæšëģϵķϡһĶҶ֪æץס³һ
ȷ粻ЦЦҶܺĺܿɰ
棬ǽԡҴһˮ˹ͣظë̾˿û˯ˡ
Ҷ֪ſڴϲͣضţȻ͵ѹȷһȷ߻ûüôˣͱƿˡŽԡңæЬ˹ȥͼͰ£۵ֱü
µòˣЬűߣϡЬӣҶ֪ߵšȣȡ
ȷΣֻðּڣŽŲڵϿǻġ
Ҷ֪˫ֻĲӣӶ˶˵Ҫˢ
ȷıԣ˯ˢòã
СëëŤĸҪˢҪˢ
ȷΣֻð൹ˮݸҶ֪ӹˢ
òˢȷšë˲ֽΪζԸ⴩Ьӡ
ձ˱Ҷ֪ЦЦˣҪס
ȷɵˣʱôҶ֪һʱ֪ηӦ
Ҷ֪ûĥ䣬ףҪףס
ȷ絹һͷ
Ҷ֪ףҲ䣬÷ǳί･
ۿҪ˳۽ǻ£ȷæչȥһ£˺˿ķӦͼ죬ԵЩĳѾˡ
ȷ̾˿촽һ£Ҷ֪ϲЦտһ£Դʼĥ䡣
ȷǸˣİôɿڵĥţô̵ס
֪˾ΪʲôҪ˽Լˣ֪˼ǳˣȴû뵽ôݡ
ԣ˯˺òãٲȥɲұ֤Լʲô¡
ҪҶ֪ﱧ䣬ģģ˵ţȣ籧
ȷʲ죬ô졣ҪǾô֪İˣѹ֪ʲô¶οҶҰ趼ڣҪ֪ԼŮˣû׼ðա˵ҲʶʱռֻС̫ĥˡ
ƽʱЩģû뵽ôѲʮ㣬һ㲻һ޸㿴ı飬˲ò
˺þãڰ˯ˣҲˣ֮ǲˡذڴϣӸǺãεĿЦ£ıӣ˶æ֣ò׺˯ˣɲŪˡ
ŵĽԡңҪˮ裬ѹˮһ£޺޵ţԺζܵˣֶʵ̫ˡ
˸磬æˮͷ˯߳ԡңٳȥҪðˡ
ڴ˯ðȵˣЩˡ˯һû׼ԼͰѳֲסˣֻһŴѵԼҪſڴ˯һҹе̡ˣˡ
ĵϴڴ˯ţҴߵûļ󣬲˿ôҹۼˣһǵصϮƤһϣ˯ˡ
˯֮󣬱ܵůĵطͳˡԧ콻Ļ棬ܰ
Ҷ֪ʱԼſڹȷ绳ȷֽ§סҪȴԼˣһƱػᳳѹȷ磬ҪҪʱ򣬹ȷ綯˶
ۼҶ֪ſԼϣ˫ֱֱĿչȥһ£ͷԣ˯һ
Ҷ֪ﶯ˶Ҫ
ȷ͵ؾѣĶͷҶûУ
Ҷ֪ץ֣һۣȻˣûѵɣſҰɣҪˡ
ȷڨЦɿûУˡ
Ҷ֪üȷƺЩæôˣĶ
Ҷְ֪˰̫ѨͷеۡǲǺˣ
ȷ˵ͷָ֣Ŷͷ
Ҷ֪̾ԺҲȾˡ
ȷæͷҲȾˣȻƵӺܿɰʵ̫ĥˣٸܵڶΡ
ڴϿһᣬһЩ𴲻·š
պ˾һǣЦЦҶ֪ǾĪȷŭգȴп಻˵
ݺݵصһǶ»ޣǵɫУȻ߿ˣ۲Ϊ




ʮ

Ҷ֪͹ȷҲҪعˣҶҶ豾ŮȥôסһӣҶ֪ԹæΪɾܾˡ
ҶȻǲ˵ģҶ֪ı֤һؼңǿС
һһͬҶ豧Ů˺һŸϹһǻ
Ҷ֪￴Ű߽ƱڣֱӰŹȷߵйĵǻڡ
ȷ˳ͷܿټˣҪѹˣţ
Ҷ֪˵ͷԵЩ񲻼ѡȷ§ļû˵ʲô
ڷɻһҶ֪ЩˣŹȷļ˯۾һͷҺڡ
ȷ˯ˣҳԱҪ̺ӸϣαϣԺ˯˹ȥȴ֪عĿ籩ꡣ
ʮСʱķɻ˶Եþ뷦ˡȷ˾ǣһұԡҳ˸裬ʵ˯£ѵʹʹ˯һ
ȷ߳ԡұ㱻ܼҽסˣ֪ܼûʲôҪǲϢģ˵ġ
Ҷ֪ѾԼĴϲˣȷɳϣ˱ȹվһԵĹܼʵʲô£
ǰһλСܼҶ˶ٽŵ˵δޡ
ȷüûʲôѶϢ
˵ȥһֽ
ȷӹֽ˿Ȼһӵϣɾ¥ߵ¥ݿڣͣ½ŲһᴦҪҶ֪
ܼҹص˵ͷϵֽ˳ȥ
ȷ߽ңڴϣ˫ֱֱĿ컨壬Ǻˣȴһ˯ⶼûС
֪˭Ҳ֪Ŀʲôû뵽ô죬ҪҶ֪ҪСģסΣһ̣Բĺڰ
ڴϷȥɴƿ´߽Ҷ֪ķ䣬ڱ˯㣬յıӣСյ˯ţ㵹˯㣬ûġ
ƿϵıӣŵ˽ȥСİ§ϵζžƽࡣһƣ۵ĸоһ˯ˡ
ôҪ㣬Ҫη֣
ڼϢһ죬һ£Ҷ֪ȥϰˡ
ȷĵڶȥϰˣʱڰ칫üͷ˼ҪôǸδޡ
绰óȥ黹ЩĺãԽȥعĿԾԽ
ֽдµĵַȷڹ̨ѯһ±ֱ¥ſͣһš
ŵָշ£žͱˣɼһֱڵˡ
ôڲҶöˡһ챧Թ
ȷ߽䣬ź㿪żϵʵô
˵ϣˣ㲻𣿡
ȷ׽뿪Լ壬
գգۿȻأ
ȷЦЦ㿴ˣԻȥˡ
ŭӿӲѹסһ˿ЦҺòһΣѵҹ𣿡
ԲҺæЦſ⼸ùĵطҲò˰ɡ
ϵıͲڵЦݸӽӲˣδޣҪô𣿡
ȷ繴аЦҲǵж飬δޣ
̧ͷĿԣϰ˵֮ǰǰ충硣ĿɫЦЦ㻹˵Ҳδ𣿡
ȷ罩Ƕһɫ԰ס
鿿ȥؿڣ࣬һʲô?촽Ұ㣬ð㡣Ҫȴһƿ
ǱĴӵĿôϲǸҶ֪Ů𣿡
ȷһ㶣漴ô֪
ŵЦЦҪ˶˵ʲô£֪ġԽɫٴλƿ𣿡
ȷ絭ɨһۣ˵֪Ҷûи飬αôִţ
ҡҡͷֻҪһϲҡҶ֪ܸģҲܸ㣬ܸģ㡣ֻҪҽ飬μҵһоͶģҶ֪ܸôƸ𣿲ܣֻܸ㡣ң᲻ϲ
ȷ֣ţ㲢˽ҡ
ЦЦǴСһ𳤴֪׷ʲôҲ֪øʲôұҶ֪ʺ㣬𣿡
ȷЩЦԭһ˿̶ֳȣǳʶˡ
˵ΪĬˡЦգһ£һʱ㴦˽£ֻһµʱ䡣һºҪȥ飬һ㡣
ȷ翴˵أ
ûϵܾ漴ŵЦЦһжμҸģҪ֪μܳɾҲܻ㣬һ֪ôģ԰ɣ
ȷ粻κƳһۣתߡ
û߳ȥһ˲˵ҵĺϢ
ȷŲ˶٣ûлͷһӰ뿪ˡ
ûһ˿飬ֻгصĲʾ˿жôķŭ
޴ŮˣΪͰԵδҲ̫Сȷˡ
ߵͣ˳ݺݵһȦڷϣ˼ڴ˶񣬰ڳһ̩Ȼ飬ʻͣ





ʮ

Ҷ֪صңֶѻ˲ٹ̾ӽҪӰˡ
ʱӵХĵ绰ʵһ˵Ĵˣһͨ绰жôĶӡ
Щͷ绰ʲô𣿡
ХЦЦҶСܲͷء
Ҷ֪̲ס˸ۣ֪ҷ㻹˼绰ûʲôµĻҾ͹ˡæأûʱġ
ҶСûʲôġоҪҵ绰æðɣҶСԸ֪ҶСͲ
˼Һæûҹˡ˵űҪҵ绰
ХеȵȵȣҪҶС̸̸ǹڹȷģҶСȤɣ
Ҷ֪üǱߵЦú֪ܲʲôԼȥҪӱ˿д̽ҵ绰ӽϵͼֽš
Х㶵ֻβŻعֻЦЦȷǺø
Ҷ֪ӹ˵绰֮µûţҲ˵Ϊʲôͼֽǿȥˡʰһ£ǰͼֽؼȥ˵ҲеˣԱҲûɶһѽ֮󣬽ͼֽװƤ뿪ˡ
ҵʱѯһ¹ܼң֪ȷ绹ûлؼңҴ绰˵극ˡȴҲĶҶ֪еƣһ˳극֮󣬱ͼֽط䡣
רעĿͼֽʱĵѹסĬĬصŹȷѴͼֽ֮󣬷Ѿʮһˣ෢۾¥˿ȷ绹ûл
ͨ˹ȷĵ绰磬ʲôʱ
Ҷһڹ˾ЩҪ̫˾Ͳȥˡ˯֪֪
Ҷ֪šһҲϢҪ̫ˡ
֪

ϵ绰Ҷ֪߽ԡϴˣ֪ĳ֪ҹȷ粻һԭȻЩͲôִ̽˽µˡ
ĴϣŹȷ磬Ҳ뵽ХʲôĿģĲ֪ӼĵһǲʱĸЩǣЩաϲ˽ΪǴ˼ʹϵҪ棬Ͳò˴򽻵
֪Ͷϰѧѧѧˣ벻ᱻǣű߰
˯֮ǰﻹţҪҪȥ򼸱ѧ鼮ϰֽܼɡ
ڻ谵İ칫ȷüͷţһǵõүӵ˵үҪΪǰ충磬үǾҪˡ
ͱúѰˣҪҶ֪֪ǲܣôأ
Դ룬˾˵ĶԣñͼӴ׵˵Լ׿ڸô˵Щĵġ
⣬ԿߣûؼˡҹѾˣĳҲ࣬·ֻżһľƹһ·ͨĽر
ϴ˸軻˯£߽Ҷ֪ҡϵ˯ţ೤ĺţԵø
ڴͷؿ˯գỬͷԽԽܣԽòᡣ
ҶҪңҪ뿪ҡ
֪ûĻҶ֪˼˯
Ȼֻܰʣº
Ҷ֪ʱͼȷ翿ͷ˯ˣҡҡ磬ѡ
ȷ˯ۣ㶯˶ʹˣ治Ӧô˯ġ
Ҷ֪Ĳʣæӣ󱳣Թôô˯֪˰ɣ
ȷԼϣͷļѣ͵͵ĽҶ
Ҷ֪㶣ָĺס
ȷһ̧ͷҶл˵
Ҷ֪Цˣͷ
ȷ翴õЦһǲ֪ʲôˣ
Ҷ֪￴Ĳڵҡ
ȷ̾˿һ£ʵҶһˣ᲻뿪ң
Ҷ֪ﲻʣǵһкܶѡÿѡõѡѡѡһ
ȷ粻Ŀһ˶ѡõİɣ
Ҷ֪ЦһѡʺϵģõĻģֻҪʺҵģõġʵνڱ˵ȨûԼ
ڱڵâɣǾǺõģԺĳһһˣñҪˣǮֻǸƷйȻǺãûҲԣһУֻҪĻڣҾͻһֱߡ
ȷرҪˣô֣
Ҷ֪ﱻЩܣû
˰ΣȷĵĿڣ˵¡ҪģĲҪʱ̣ǲ֪ġ
˵ʱһֱı飬Ҳҿ
𣿡֮Ҷ֪˵ôһ䡣
㲻ȷ羪һ
Ҷ̧֪ͷüеҲǲܡͻȻס⳶ңҪХ绰˵¸ңһ֪ء
ȷձţ˵ֻգ۾ġХ֣ü
Ҷ֪￴ѶȵĻ飬̲סЦ
ȷаЦţҶ֪Ҫӣȴһѱסڻ
ȷ۾ΣյؿҶǲҲҪйһ£
Ҷ֪ڨЦţǺǣɶͻȻöеˣȥͰɰһҪϰءļȴôҲƲ
ȷһСëë治ˣڳݺݵв˵
Ҷ֪ۣҡͷ
ȷ̾˿ĥţţҶҶ
ߡˣҶ֪ͶҲʲô˲õ£ˣզզذɡ
ȷüͷĸˣХҲͽˣԽԽˡ
ԺХԶһ㣬òҪ
Ҷ֪ƲƲ죬˸ֻЦ滢ƵأҲø򽻵ء
ȷ硰šһХĿʲô˿ˣñıġ
Ҷ֪˸Ƿߵӱ·ҾǸХĶȤӦɡȻԸˣӦò°ɣ
ȷ絣ĵľХҪˣٲ˺ǱĿģǾͲһˡοڵХпܸϵ˭˭ģһΣա
߹ȥľúܲġ
Ҷ֪￿һ£ÿĸ첲·߽ԡҡδѣ벻Ҫ죬Ȼ޷ԤǾһһɡ





ʮ

μҲƵģȷ˭μҳˣûһǸɾġʲô֮ХҲǡ
ӦҪȡʩˣҪҶ֪İȫҪġ
ȷǱ߷յĲ֪ǺãҶ֪ˡÿճ°࣬óԷʱԷúˮʱˮֵʱȥ䣬æʱż̰࣬Ȼζ
ܾöûȥǼҾƷˣ뵽ΨЩĵģǸһ𣬺ɡ
պýûʲô£ȥΨ
߽Ʒʱ̨߿˿ֻƷϰ壬ȴΨ
Ϫ̨߳ãϪ档
Ҷ֪æ֣ãҶ֪
ϪͷΨ˵㡣
Ҷ֪ЦЦΨû𣿡
Ϫ̾˿ְˣ
Ҷ֪ﾪȵ죬Ϊʲô
ϪɫŹֵĿһۣû˵
Ҷ֪ҲԼʵ̫ͻأˣεЦЦ˼
ϪҡҡͷЦһ¡
ձЩأҶ֪վһᣬڰֵæɣҾͲˣټ
Ϫͷټ
Ҷ֪߳Ʒ꣬Щʧš
һ·ĿĵĹ˹䣬֪ߵҵֿڣѰ˼Ķȥ̧ͷһܣֵϤȻ뵽ХĹ˾ڸһæҪߡ
ǣƽʱִģû뵽쾹Ȼ֪ߵߣʧ߰
תȴХ߳˾¥ŵǣΨ
Ҷ֪ɻ󣬷ΨôХһģ
ҶС㣬ɰû뵽㡣Ҷ֪ٵһ˲䣬ХҴ󲽵
Ҷ֪㣬ϧѾ̫ˣֻӲͷƤЦݣܡ
ХüҪܣ̫ˣХͿˡ
Ҷ֪ЦЦÿɷ۾ķΨǰΨǺеģɽڶƵء
ХŷΨֽΨߡΨҶ֪˼Ľ֪㡣
Х¶ȵı飬Ҷ֪ٿΨʶ
Ҷ֪˵ͷΨХһۣҲ˵ͷ
벻żȻҶʶһԸɣҶСΣХʱ롣
Ҷ֪ﲻХͣǵͷӦˣΪΨ
Х˼ҺĲҶ֪ЩڣΨҲԵЩִ١
ЩΣХһʵôʶģ
Ψͷû˵Ҷ֪￴˿Ψǰ򹤵ĵʶġ漴ʷΨʲôʱǵĹ
Ψ̧ۿ˿ϸڡ
Ҷ֪ΪʲôԼûȥʣǱ˵˽£ְʲô¶ûи͵ıҪ
ֻ÷Ψıе֣ŻҪ˽⣬ʲôѵĻԼ԰취
ΨǿĵǣЦЦ֪㲻õģû¡
Ҷ֪üû˵ʲô
Х˹ͨˣΨҹ˾ʵϰ
Ҷ֪˵ͷϵϺһڡ
˶䰲Ψ˵Ҷ֪Ҳֵʲô˵Хʹ˵ЩʲôҲûлᰡ
극Ҷ֪лҪ뿪ʱؿ˷Ψһۣת뿪ˡ
Ҷ֪ԶХЦķΨļ򣬡еҪõĶࡣ
Ψͷ飬Хع˾ȥˡ
Ψͷվ˺һ̧ͷޱȺС
ţ侹Ʒ꣬վſԥҪҪȥһҧҧ¶Ƶ˽ȥ
Ϫо߱סˣ̧ۿ˿ǷΨһ£ͷæԼġ
ΨһʱҲ֪ηӦֻվֱֱĿ
Ϫоߣ̧ͷҪʲôԼ㿴ûʲôҪĻԱ㡣֮ҪԼȥ͹Ҫǰվš
ΨĿߵڷƷļӱߣ۾ǲǵϪһۡ
Ϫ汻ûѷΨһεĽ䣬ѹǽϣTM
ΨҪ˵ʲôȴҧס촽ʲôû˵ڡ
Ϫ濴⸱ֹӣ;ŭգҪǻڣ϶
һɣӽ˳ȥ³һ֣
Ψؿǽϣһڵ߳ȥϪԱߴһᣬ㴹ͷɥ߳
Ϫһֱûп˫۶淢Σ͵һȭϡ
ΨʧǵŽֵţҰοţ鲻ãŻ᲻Լˣȥɡ
첻ԸΨٴ߽ʱȴĶѾˣװޡ
ΨһæץŹͷѯʣһ֮²֪ԭϪѾ˾Ʒ꣬תóȥˡ
ɿץŹͷ֣ųˮ۾ͻȻЩɬɬģʹգգۣͽɻǹһĨЦʧ˺





ʮһ

ȷ翴Լ칫ˣЩͷ
˻δأһԵɳϣĿ
ȷ̾˿Ϫ棬ﰡ
Ϫ۾һֱۣϣҪҽסһӡ
ȷǿѹסᡱðŭίҼª̫ίˡ
ȥˣıϪ治ĵ޵
ȷ﷭˸ۣıȻֻǲסȥˣ⼸˿϶ҲҪҶ֪Ķͱˡ
ҸǱݰͳ׷ôȷ
ϪҡͷֲûǮסݣǲһ˴ıҪȥҰ
ȷü˻Ѹ㶨ͻȻһʵǲһֱڹڵģ
Ϫô죬Ȼ֪˵ʲôбһۣһˣһֱķӡȷɫѣŵѾѷˡ
ȷˣһۣΪʲôһҪסҼң
Ϫ۾ЦЦΪӶˣԺȲ
ȷòѪôôҲһ
ϪȻ̯̯֣ҳʦķóԶˣǮġ
ȷ˵Ҹ㱨ȴϪһգգĶ㿴ʲô
Ϫɳͦߵȷߣİ칫ϣŸ첲ùȷһ񺮡
Ϫ°ͣ簡ôȥңǲŮ֪ʲôѽ
ȷһ£һĵ֣ҪסҼҲԣҪҼҶ
Ϫ桰Цſ벻벻ȴپȻ֣漣
ȷһۣϵļҪȥᣬԱɡ˵ű߳칫ҡ
Ϫ濴ſյİ칫ң̾˿ɳϵףȥʰ׼ඡ
Ҷ֪߳ұȷ翿ڳϳ̣ڵæϼߵߡ
ȷæϨ̣ӵϵӹҶ֪İӵϣ˳ԼҲϳʻϡ
Ҷ֪ðȫЦôң
ȷչȥһڣ߷ߵ˰
Ҷ֪һۣȴ̲ס
ʵȷ˵ҲûֻĿĵģ˸ˣԤġ
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ԭԴſڵķΨ̧ͷҶ֪ЦЦǽվ㣬֪ʱ𣿡
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Ҷ֪ε̾˿˫ַϽţ˵˵ԭ𣿡
ΨԴĸˡ
Ҷ֪ҡҡͷ̾漴Ψ֪ӦҪѡ񣬵һ˵ǱƲѵĻܲѧͲѧΪ˿ϴѧҲһŬôˣ𣿡
Ψ˶٣ҡͷȷģǣûѡ
Ҳ֪˵ڵԭʲôκһܻӰһ˼У𣿡Ҷ֪ϵֱۣԼȥú㵽·ҪΪӰľһˣֻмȥ˵꣬뿪岻֣Ӧ˵ˣʣµľͿԼˡ
Ҷ֪ߺ󣬷Ψ̧ͷһƬãɫ˺ܾãʩʩȻ뿪˿
Ϊϵһʱ䣬԰ʱҶ֪Ӱ࣬æʱѾƽʱһСʱˡ
ųȻĿȷ翿ڳϵԴϴ顱֮ʱֻҪ΢һ㣬ȷˣڹҼӰ࣬ȸ绰ˡ
첽߹ȥ֣Щˣôô֪ڳȵ𣿡һᣬ̲סıԹ
ȷϵðȫչȥһڣû¶Ҳ䡣
Ҷ֪ûİһۡ
ȷæЦϳȥԷòã
Ҷ֪תͷΪʲô
ҪŮѹ˵Ҫһ۲͡ȷ͵
Ҷ֪ŶһʵĶԶһȻˣȥԾͳȥ԰ɡ
ؼһ·˿ȥˣ˵ȥѽŮѡ
˶õķ꣬껻ûеȽ˰ᣬЩϣߺȱߵ껹
˽20ң껲Žˣϻץһ˵ĸ첲
껰վڱƳЦλŮѣȽȽôܣԾüǰѵߵĻȥ
šϺ׾ǰʶкСȽþò
Ƚ˵ͷЦЦǺܾûˡ5ˣǺܳʱˡ
ȷ硢Ҷ֪ﻹϪûֻܿĶ˵ͷЦ˵á
ȽҲЦŻӦǺá
Ҷʶˣ껱ųȽˣӦŲ˵ǵˡ
Ų˵һʣȽȽƴϺòã
ȽƳһۣ³֣̫͡
Ǻأ
̫塣
з
̫ȡ


˵һȽһĳҶ֪˶ΪȽ˰Ѻ֪ӵ˶֪Ƣܱ꣬ΥȽǳٿͷȻôŸɣҪˣ
ǣ漣ģ껽ĺãȻûз쭣Ƕܳȥ̫᲻
۾ɨһȦˣǲˣڿʲô
˷׷ҡͷûûûųʲôء˵ű㶼ͷ˵۾ԵҶ֪Ҳһŵõͷ
ĥ˰죬ŵһˣ˶ˣ֪ڹȷǶԵأô鷳
ȽһֱĬĬ껱ŷӵĶ˵һֱġ
ſǣ˳ȽǱ껡ɡģΪ˲ձΣֻһˡСȽ⼸ô
Ƚ˿ţŶҲȰ껷ӡ㲻ͷţͦõġйԺȲҪǺɡ
ŶСȽʲô׾Ҳչš
һҳ統༭ȽЦŻӦ
ŶŶСȽǰѧѧģ༭պרҵԿ׾˵һ䣬Ƚɫ˰ЦЦûٿڡ
ųȽɫ껺ݺݵص׾һۣҲһţĺĺȽľǵû˳ѧҵⲻǸպýҵ˰
׾ҲʶԼĴˣæסͣϧѾ̫ˣһ˲䳡ӦܿĶ˲˹Ÿ˴˳ĲڵɡʥԻʳԡ





ʮ

ʹĳһٷҲûؼˣȻҪͳȽȥȻȽԡ󣬹ȷϪǻǿȥԼͳȽ
һңܼұվſӭӣȷʹ˸ɫͷߵһȥˡ
Ҷ֪͵¥ϣϴ˯Լ¥ܼҽ̸һϪ桢šϺ׾鷿
鷿£ȷսӵϢͷӺɻ
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ϪЦ¶ãȻϸͷ治̹
ŵ֧°ͣǲͷӻʲôж
޷ǾգͷӵǵֶΣûʶܳУҲа취ס׾Ű۵
ȷͷͬͷӵֶǼˣҲֻξȻ󣬵ȷЩȡ
ȻԹˣҲܵģϾϵȷѵ˷׷ͬͷӵʵɺӣڵϻô꣬һֱˡ
ھ͵Ȱ껻ϸһ¡Ϫ˵
ȷ˵ͷǾɣҪþ񣬽һӲ̡Ҫ򡣡
˵ͷ߳鷿ϴһ£ط˯ȥˡ
ȷϴ߽ʱҶ֪ڴͷ顣߹ȥϵ飬ϴ§ڻôû˯
Ҷ֪ﹰ˹Щţ۾˯
ȷЦŽ˽֣ߵôҵů¯ˣ
Ҷ֪۾΢ЦȺ¿յá
ȷչȥҧһڣһǿأ
Ҷ֪ｫԴҧ͵ڿˡ
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磬ʱܲһԸҪ˵
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ţһ׼ʱ
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ͷΪ
ȷ翴һۣЦЦ
͵֮󣬾ǵȴˡʱθպǳԷĸ߷ڣʹָߵƵ꣬ڲطҲԵӵ
ĺܸˡӦһ뿪˵˵
ȷϵİˮһڣЦЦÿɷ
֪ϰҪ𣿡Щ̽ʵ
ȷһˮû߿Աߵ㣬ȿȣ˵ʲô
鿴ķӦЦۣ㲻֪ϰ͹߹ˡ
ȷ֮󣬸ֵҲ
ͷҲò̫ˣֿһˣѾܶûһˡ
ǰǼ뿪μԼȥƴʱ򣬾ûһ۹ˡȷ粻޸п
ͿԵóԸ˰
ȷ˵ͷóԸһԸ
ĬĬسţȷ粻ϲڳԷʱ˵֪ϰߣҲû˵ܸȷһٷ;úˡܿ죬ĸȷӰˣ̧ͷһרעĳʳĹȷ磬Ц⣬Ϳҵˡ
ȷ֪ڿͷҲ̧ʳٷҪ͸ٿ⣬ûʲô˵ġ
㣬ȷ粻ϲʳԵ˷ϣԵģ֪лҪ˵
Ȼ
磬ϰ˵߹ĻǵĶҲҪ߾УҲԶˣûѡã졭
ȷ常ٸһ¡ԭģ˵û𣿻Ů̫ۣ
죬ǣҲá
šȷ˵ͷӦˣߵһҪȥϰ࣬Լһ˿԰ɣ
ͷֽסܸһȥϰ𣿡
ðˣݰݡ˻֣˳ȥ
ǶһûһڵĳŵģĨƵġֻϰֿס磬̵
ȷ˾Ƶ꣬ûлع˾ֱȥҶ֪Ĺңͷ϶ҪȥģȸһԤ룬õʱǾʧˡ
Ҷ֪￴ʱЩȣ˵겻ü漴һȥסһӺˣȥʰһ¡
ȷ籧У㲻ܰȥ常סģȥҪ᣿
Ҷ֪Ц촽ǼЩ常ȥǶŮ϶ҲһȥҼչЩ̫õġ
ȷ硰ߡһҸɴ಻ȥǶҲûʲô˵ġ
Ĺȷ磬Ҷֻ֪˵Σţٰȥһòã
ȷ˼ãҧӦҶ֪һҪȥң㲻˯š
Ҷ֪̾˿ֻˡ





ʮ

Ҷ֪ﵱϾͰʰˣڶһùȷ翪ȥ
ܾûסķ˺ܶҳҶ֪̾˿ӽٴɨˡ˸绰ȥҸ˵һ㿪ʼæ
ȷɨһֱ绰ȥȥӻűҶ֪ˡ
ȥϪǻϣȻȥͷӣҾһȥɡ
11ӵʱԪƲŴӳðӰ
ϰ֡Цӭ˹ȥ
ȷϪǶһۣҲ˹ȥߵԪ߽常
ԪƼǷǳģѽ벻ǶԲˡֿ˿ʲôƵģʵףô껰
ǰ͵¶ǰ˵һЩһȥҳȽˣ׷׷Ŀɹġ
û¶æͲͷˣ˹ҪԪһο˵š
ȷ˵ͷԪƺ˷ɻ
ߵͣȷ߿űʵ常ϢȥԷ
ԪڣֵԸȥԷɣҵЪϹͷˡ
ȷͷѳԤ齵ıݣүͽͷ˲˳ȥ
鱾ϰֵģҲүҪϢΪ˳ȥ
췴ֹϷ˳һѱסȷĸ첲磬ȥĶԷ
ȷǳ˳飬˿ĶҲһ£漴ְڳһȻӡ
ȷĲڣҲûԮ֣õĹǿǼʶˣǻԼײǹڡ
ȷ粻źۼ֣ɡֻȥҶ֪æôˣû˼ȥʲôطԷء
첲ֱϵЦ˽ɨˣǶĿбӵĿǰ˿ȴ֪⶯类ǿֻǲ˵ˡ
ЦݣǻȥԴƵòãķζô
ȷסǰļˣǵأǶôϣҡͷܾһԷϧǼ˶һνĵͷûⰡĶԶһ
ȷˣ⼸ôǡ
ϲߺ޵Ŀ⣬عͷЦЦҲλС㣬ֵ̰ɡ
ȷ簵̾˿û취ֻˡ
Ȳ˵ĹűЦܾöûһԹˣڵĻȫˡ
˶ֻЦЦûж໰ȷţҪڵĻƽٷǳԲˡЩ˵Уðˣֵļ¶ǡ
û˴ҲûȤŹȷ˵ȷͳֻʾһ£ȥ绰ȥˡ
Ҷ֪ղذͽӵȷĵ绰ι磬ӵ常ˣ
ȷ硰šһҶԷû
ûأհѵذꡣ
ȰѷˣʣµһҹȥŪ
û¶һˣæĻͲùˣ常ˡ
常ڱϢƵõϣҳ극ȥǣȥԷڣ̣ϡ
֪ˣȥ˰ɣҹ˰
ţȥԷ
֪憪£˰ݰݡ
ţݰݡ
ŵ绰һ£ȷ绰ֽԵЦȥߵ£Ҳպöˡ
ôԵһٷû˵ԳԷٶȱúܿ죬˭ѹֵ´̫á
ƽʱһٶȳ극ȷùͽ˲죬һЩ¶һˣǣһһ飬ˡ˵겻ǷӦˡ
Ϫͳż˴۵СۣȷӦʱ򣬹ȷѾܵûӰˣֻˡ
龪ȹ󣬲Щŭȷô׿֪ǲ̫ⶪ
ȷĹô࣬һƵ⳵ȥҶ֪ˡ
Կ׿֮ڿ￴һȦûˣϻпһȥԷԸˡ
죬æϹȥͼҶ֪վŽŲôôΣգæ߹ȥϱ
Ҷ֪ŬѴͻȻ϶һֻ֣һǹȷ˿
ȷŵϣ§ȥԷôȥԣ
ѽǳԹˡ
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Ҷ֪ĴԴ粻̫˵
ȷ硰ߡһҧĲӵ̬ôܣ˵Ҫô㣿
Ҷ֪￩ЦˣȻ춼ˡ
ǳǳӡȷķſЪ𡣡
Ҷ֪￴վϣ׾ٵľͽעⱣƽôˤ̾һӸ߾кô
ȷѴŵһߣ߹ȥգЦߵ¶͸Ժ¶ŪԼŪûУ
Ҷ֪ЦеĵͷܹȥŴӽϴ»ְӰ˵ʰһ£СԢлָԭеˡ
ʱ䣬Ѿ3ˣɨǼ˵ĻŪ֮Ҷֱ֪̯ɳϣһ붯ˡ
ȷ£Ҷ֪ȥԴϣȷͷһ͵ˣϼǵóԷҹҪŻ˯õˣ֪𣿡
Ҷ֪ġšֻ˯ˡ
ȷ翴Ƥţ֪Ҫ˯ˣ̾˿ץԴ£Լ̴ʱ򣬾ͼ˯šεҡͷЦЦŵϣǺñ֮Կ׳ˡ
ܿżʵ߲˻󷹣ٵĳˣڹţָŵ뿪ˡ





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ϣү齵ıݾ۲ͣ˶ˣһ첻˵껡
һȺһүüЦģк¡
껰æʲôأүӿ껣Цеʡ
껵ĵûæʲôһЩ˽°ˡ
ЩƲ֣ʵʲô¶ܰѳټüİ
껳ĬЦǺǵ˵Ҳ°껰˳Ǹ鲻˳ûɣ
ƳһֳۣĬ
ү˸鲻˳ҪͷɥģóǼҰ
껵ͷ֪ˣ常
šүֿ˿ˣأûˣ
еĵͷеҡͷүӿЦһ󣬲ŵҲϴСˣҲҸ˰ˣȰ¶֮Ҫûˣ常ͰǽܼΣ
һһ£Źȷ磬ȷæ常˵Ҳܸ鶩顣
үԭЦǺǵŹȷʲô˼
ȷĻҲһ㶣Ը飬ϰˣǲԸ⡣
үЩƵ񣬹ȷ簵ľӲͷƤϲˣ֮ǰҾѾ˵ˣҲܸ顣
еȷ磬ǵ˵𣿡ô˵ܾҪŪ޴ſ
ȷ粻۶Ŀүӡ
үӰԼȣĬһŵ˼ҪμҸһ𣿡
ȷֻһ£ᶨص˵ͷ
ӵеĶμҸģ뿪μңΪ㻹ʣʲôүɫ˵
ȷЦЦûд𻰡
үӽŵһֱΪµģҴԺ󣬾ͽμҽû뵽ʶʱġûμңһĲ˻𣿡
ȷЦøˣ԰뿪μңҾ⵰һˡԸҶ֪һĹȷ硣
Ȼ뿪μңôͿ뿪ˡүӽ
ȷ˵ͷؾ˸ˣౣء˵ͷҲص뿪ˡ
Ľк֣Ĳûκͣ٣ȻǰţҪȥҶˡ
үӼˣֱŵذ壬ߣҪСμҳμһóɹˣ뿪μңʲôĻᡣ
Ϫ˿Źȷ뿪үӵķŭΪȷƣŭμҸŮһµѡ˳Ĭ
үӴһڶʣµļ˵𣬹ȷμҾûκιϸˣҺǸĹϵһһѡ뿪μңҲǴǸǸŮ֮ѡǸŮˣǶμҵĺúӣ֪ôģ԰ɣ
˻һۣ˵ͷ
үЦЦˣҪΪǸǵ£ҳԷɡ
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үӿŮʧ񣬰̾˿ȷӶԪƵŮܱģ
̧ۿǶԸŮķߺޣ˶һۣԵ̾ҡͷ
ȷһɵ뿪ݣˡ֪μҲưոݣںô꣬Ҳʱˡ
ϳ⳵߬Ҷ֪ҵԿףһȸԾھϷɵߣֻһ
Ҷ֪ĹԢ¥ͣסȷ縶˳ѱͷҲصϳ壬ͻȻú
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ܿ죬ȫڴϵˣˣҲԶˡ
ڴ߿һҳ˯£ԡҳȥˡ
ϴ·ĶûжֺЦҡͷ߽ңȷ۵ˣȻһ˯ڣûԡ
ϣ£ԲŪӵֻԼߵʱ򣬲ŻȫȻİĺɡ
Ҷ֪˯òˣԹȷհתѣ۾ڴͷӵˣ
ȷ罫ػḧż10㣬Ӷ
һʣҶ֪öӶڹˣ̫࣬˯ŵʱûоһ˯˾;öȫ
ȷЦ´ȷȥˡ
Ҷ֪ŹĲʵʲôʱģ
ȷشȻЦЦ˯ŵʱûóҪȻһֱ˯ڣҪûǲǴ˯
Ҷ֪ɦɦԴⲻ̫𣿡
ȷֿŵȺ÷ˣװ̶Ҷ֪߿ԡ
ͳ˼ڣ˼֮Ҷ֪˹ĳţЩʵôô͹ˣҲûԣ
ȷһίķ룬Լϣ常Ҹ鶩飬Ҿܾˣϳˣ޼ҿɹˣҶҪҡ
Ҷ֪룬üôƻʲô𰡣
ȷͷɲڱƻ𣿽ԴϣҶڿһˣ᲻ѽ
Ҷ֪ת˸ţЦЦ˵㲻һУ㻹Ұ
ȷЦˣ԰һ㡣






ʮ

˳극Ҷ֪ȥԡϴ裬ȷϴ룬հŽȷӵϪĵ绰
УͷؿɱĲᰡϪЩֻ
ȷЦЦѹ˵ôԸң
ʱǷһоԴ˻ɡ
ǣ湻ݵİ
Ǳ߶˶٣ϪС˵עһ£ͷκβ㣬СҶǱ֡
ȷ絹˿֪ˣϵȹˡ
ϵ绰ЦһﾡǺ֮ɫ˶ıġ
Ҷ֪ϴͼȷɳϷ߹ȥǰ˻ӣʲôأ
ȷ£ϵԡ¶ζ𣿡
Ҷ֪ҡͷŸ˯ѣ̫
ҿӰɡӦԷĴ򿪵ӣֽұ˴ӣ˹űɳϿӡ
ﰲֻеﴫ˵ĺƽһҶ֪Сʵ磬ܾ常᲻᲻ð
ȷ籧ҡҡͷûµģõġ
Ҷ֪ͷǣ𣿡
ȷЦſҲڣҽûоܾĻǲŻҺĪ
Ҷ֪ͷЦЦתӣȴסȷ§֣ૣһԶ㡣
ȷЦˣʮָزš
Ҷ֪ȥϰˣȷһڼҴţмıɳϿӣҶ֪ϲŻԷһԡ
˸ǷȱȱĿŵӲķ磬Ǻİ
ͻȻһ֣Դ˰죬ŷʱԼֻ
ιǹȷ磬λ
ȷ磬ϰҪ㣬ϵϰסı˵͹Ҷϵ绰
ȷֻﴫཡ̾˿˳˼׳ˡ
Сʱ֮󣬹ȷվүӷ⣬ԥһš
Ŵ汻ˣүɳϣߣȹȷ£㿪ڵһҹ𣿡
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ȷεҡͷⲻ䲻ϵ⣬ϲˣҰһ𡣡
ΪʲôͲȥϲأǸŮġүӼе˵ŮܾôܣԼҲùġ
ȷЦһ£ֻصԭˣƺϾšȰϲϱûңҲһҸĲ𣿡
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ȷ翴ҲǸ۶ˣⱲֻҶһˣҲֻ밮һˡ
ô˵㻹ִҪ뿪μǰɣүӵ۾ʡ
ȷҡͷҪ뿪μңһҵĻҹҾͲòôѡˡ
ȻǾûʲô˵ˡڿʼͲμҵˣӦ֪ôɣ
ȷ˵ͷվЦ׵ģμҳģμҶ֮һеȫƲμҡôأټˡ
μҸŮͷҲص뿪һʱҲ֪Ǻá
ȷ뿪ݣ˸绰ʦԼرȥʰҪҡ
ʦ̸ãµĲҵԾʽ͸飬ãϪ˵һŴȥҶ֪ңڣļˡ
ӽţ˿ʱ䣬ȥˣӦˣҶ֪Ҳ°ˡ
ԼϽеһÿԼһЩǮڿڴȥˡ
Ҷ֪ʱͼشһӣﴫ
ȷڳﾡչֳգҶ֪ˣЦҶˣȵһ£Ͼͺˡ
Ҷ֪ͷʵرİ
ȷЦȷܿģΪԼ׸ϳμҵĻѪġ
һ˷ܣҶ֪Ҳȥˣѵôġ
ȷ˼Ҷ֪ﰮԵĲ˶Ҷ̵֪ĳţǽһܰ
ҶûйҲûǮˣô죿극ȷ翴ŶˮҶ֪һ˵š
Ҷ֪̾˿óһŽ𿨵ݸ
ȷ翴һۣһ£Ǵθģû𣿡
Ҷ֪ͷΪϴҲûʲôԾһֱڼû㵱˶Ǯ棬Ӧûһʱɣ
ȷӹû˵š
Ҷ֪ﲻ֪ΪʲôæʵǲǮҵĿһЩƽʱ˼ĵǮ֮⣬ûжĿһʱġ
ȷһͷĻƵûˣѵҪң
Ҷ֪ͷЦ㲻ĻҲûⰡҲû˹涨Ů˲˵ģԲԣ
ȷЦҧһڣҲ뵱С
ţôͷҲ԰ʲôҶ֧㡣Ҷ֪ᶨ˵š
ȷЦˣҶţʹäĿˡ
Ҷ֪￴գգۡ
ȷ罫Ҷлл㣬УҰ㡣
Ҷ֪ĻӵЦ档





ʮһ

Ҷ֪û뵽ٴμ飬ĵɴ۾һʱ֪ηӦ
ô𣿡鿴ۣ߹ȥӸµĿǱġ
Ҷ֪ﶯ˶˫ֱڱʶԼˡ
ǣôأȫǵԼôġļֻΨ棬ڲţȻĪľ͵ˣʱˡ
ѵͲΪʲôҪץ𣿡˵һ£ġץԭ
Ҷ֪﷭˸ۣΣýֺͷҲ֪ΪȷˣʵıҪ
ߣװɣȵʱܵġ޺޵һţת뿪ˡ
Ҷ֪ӲţոһߵĶӣ治һʹҪ֪С㴩ĿǼĸ߸Ь
йùģôôˣǸֶεСŸ߸ЬڵϷҶ֪ﰧ̾һλСôֻˣ
Ȼһ۾Ϳһ˫վԼǰţôһ˫ţ΢΢ͷ˿ֻһۣȫˡ
Ҷ֪ۿ·𲻸Űƴգգ
˿һľȣЦЦôҶС㿴ҺܳԾ
Ҷ֪鲻Խĵͷȷܾȣû뵽ХȻҲǡΪʲô϶ǹǻһģܲ˵İɣ
üЩõʵΪʲôҪô
ХӣͷЩɢҵЦ˵Ϊúܺ氡㲻ôΪ𣿡
֪ʱǵԼΪܵĶʱһ㶼档Ҷ֪߷ߵ˵
ХͷһͬĵͷҲ˵ҲǶԵģҾúˡ
񾭲Ҷ֪ɴ۾
һԵ鿪ڵιʱˣˣء
Хڰ֣뿪˳ֽŴϡ
оһ絽ϣҶ֪ﲻڵۣͿХŴǰŵһʶĽ˫ۡ
ХЦÿֽӵϱ˵Ȼܺ棬Ҷ᲻ð㻹ˣ˵ôأ
Ҷ֪ﱻڻƴҪѣȴ§øˡХͷ˵ҪٶŶҿǸˡ˳㣬кüûŮ»ˡоӽ˽ûٶˣԴ
ᱧŵϣҶ֪æֽŲõĹһߣĿ
Х߳Цѽ䱸ĿңѽֽҪµ˳ӿ˵Ҹôͷأ
Ҷ֪Ҷ֪ԭǸӡ
ХҲŭ°Ц㵽ʲô̶ȣ
Ҷ֪죬һʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ХЦᣬͳɤյߵûʲôҪ˵ˣôұݵʱඡӦչȥסĴͷ΢ŵС졣
Ҷ֪úܶģݺݵغݡХ°ͲȻͱպϣ뿪촽оͷĴʹۺŭЦܺãȻеζҪһЩ΢۾ĺӨζҪá
Ҷ֪㶣Өʲôϵ
ôѵ㲻֪ĺӨ㡮Ƽҵ𣿡ХЩӵЦš
Ҷ֪ˣӨΪʲôҪôǲǴεϲŵһμ𣿡Щȷʵ
ǰХͷ֮ǰҾ֪ˣҵŶ֮һֱܹע㣬ԽǹעԽϲء
չȥһڣҶ֪յƫͷȥô᣿ΪʲôҪ£
ХΪʲôأ֪һֶм𣿡
Ҷ֪ʶظĻʣʣ
԰㣬Ҫ㡣Х
Ҷ֪ҡͷţô£ΪôɣôƵ¡
ˣ˵ͲϲǰѣĪ԰ɣ۾ХЦЦȻϹˡ֪Ϊʲô𣿡˸ӣشҲþȣȻڵ˵ΪģԣҪȥĶҪȥ
Ҷ֪ӯˮôģĪ˵Өû飬Өû뵽ǶŪڹ֮䣬һֻǳϷˡ
Хһ˵ѹȷȥģû뵽ȷôصģѡҺ
Ҷ֪Ĭ꣬ʵôΪ㼵ʹȷ𣿡
Х彩˽ָԴû뵽ôһˡ
Ҷ֪ˣǻǺ
ˣ˵Ķ˵ˣǸý˰ɡԼװӵһߵɳϣЦе˵š
Ҷ֪ɵˣֽŻţûܣɵģҲû֤Լһӵѡ
찡˭Ⱦ





ʮ

Ҷ֪￴ХԽԽԼ岻Ծزţĺ°
Х·ҪµıƵģһһǹаЦ
뿪ڣڴô
Х߽ӱߵ˵ô᲻֪ġ
Ҷ֪۾ԸҲ֪
ХſߣЦſǴ𣿡
Ҷ֪ſ۾ŭڵûκηʲôڴȷȷ»֪˰ɡ
Х׵ʱ򣬴һҶ֪˿ǲģôܶһʱһʱɡ
Хһ´ŭĿţվʱŭ죬ʲô
Сţûûʲô
ХŭЦôӢ۾ΪǸ£
ֻǲͣҡͷȴһֱվſڲԸȥ
Х˿Ц˵㣬ⳡϷ᲻Ӿʣ
Ŵ۾һĲţƴҡͷҪô
Хɲľְܾ䣬˳ֹϷš
Ҷ֪ƴڴ䶯ţӰоӰͷϣԾ̧ͷһۣʧУΨô⣿
Хڴ£գҿ㾪ȵĿɰķϣҾԭǵĺ¡
Ҷ֪ƫͷ۾ŷΨѯš
Ψ񽻻㣬㲻Ծƿˡ
Ҷ֪ƺˣЦһ૵ԭ
ХЦˣǴѽ
Ҷֿ֪˷Ψһۣ̾˿ۣأֻԼ˲磬̫ˡ
Ψҧҧ촽֪㣬Բ𡣡֪Բûã˵
Ҷ֪ҡҡͷۣƽ޲Ŀһ˿
Хɫ仯¾ú棬ԷΨֵڿ˰ɣҪҡ
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Хݺݵ˦ЦôˣǺˣ
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ХһҶ֪°ۣͣ治֪ô˵أ㽻ѣһĶųء
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Ҷ֪°ͻʹʹǺݺݵֱ̻¶ıġ
Ψ˵°ͣ߹ȥХļһȭϣһȭһжˡ
Ҷ֪ﾪĿŷΨȻǲΪʲôҪô
ХĨһµѪЦЦ͵һȭҹȥΨһȭֻ˻ȥ
˾һȭһȭĻ๥ţҶ֪￴ǡﶷӦþҵģȴĪЩһжˡ
ΨХ޼һʼ˻ƾУʱһãΨ㴦ˣϾǸѧƽʱѧУﾭ˶ǱȲϳڽХХһǹȭΨڵأ̱
ХһţôҶҾ㿴ôġߵǰֽڴϵҶ֪
Ҷ֪￴۾ڵѾ־ˣԽĺµӣҪѣХ̫ˡ
Хһֱֱ۴ץһֻ죬һҶ֪TӦѡ
ɴ۾ŵĿѵڷΨǰռҪ
ƴҡͷХݺݵסѵ·⸧š
Ҷ֪ţХϣǺöġᣬô
Х̵ζſĴεޣ˴һ»ȥ
Ҷ֪ûǸûƵڲ˲ͣ˳ջˮ֤ġ
ΨҶ֪û۾ŬҪվġ
Хƽڴϣ⿪֣ùӽ˫ְ󵽴ͷ
Ҷ֪ûпһۣǿӿĶĸУܿ죬ͻˡ
ХѾͣˣֻһ˫ɢ۾Ҳ˿ԼӰǣʹҲֹͣġ
Ҷ֪ۣ׼ܼٵѡ





ʮ

šءһײҪХһһͷͱ˴ӵ¡
оһůҶ֪ۣͼȷ罹ĿϽŰӣʵҶôû°
Ҷ֪һɣ˽ȷ绳Сš
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Ψ촽ϰ塣
ϪЦЦˣҿɲϰˡô𣿡
ΨͷϪվӵϣҶ֪Ĺȷ磬ˡ
ȷͷرſǰҶ֪ɨһڵϵХ˳ȥ
⣬վﶢҪĶȥ
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鱻Ӵ̼ˣǰץ·еΪʲôط߾𣿡
Ϫ̾˿ŮǲҪˣ˶֪ʱȷԽԶԽãȻҪܹ
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ȷ˽Ҷ֪֣սҵͣȻŮˣòҪҶ֡
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ȷͷҶ֪һۣͷ׵۾뿪ˡ
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ϪҪͷΨȥҽԺȷҲҶ֪ȥҽԺһ£Ǳܾˣֻȴؼˡ
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Ϻҩ֮ڴϣҪ񣬽ɾҪʼˡ
Ҷ֪ʱԼڹȷ绳ĵĲ˲䣬ǵþˣã
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Ҷ֪Ȼͷ
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ȷƫͷһ£ֽУȥˡ
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ܿĶҶ֪ڳȷˣ翪ʼûԹˡ
ȷЦеĿԣæ˹ȥҶ֪Ҳӹͳԡȴ֪ȷΪҲ˼ûˡ
Ա㣬Ҷ֪̾˿ɵɳϴ
ȷԱˣŽ˵˳Ա߳ԡ
ºҶ֪ûɶӰ죬ǸóԵʱͳԣԱ˾˯ȴһֱҪȷߣ뿪һСȷ֪ŵˣҲˡ°ХǸ쵰˼ǧ顣





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˷Ҷ֪ӻЩģ굽ȥ˯ˡȷԾڴֱ˯ˣĵȥ绰Ϫ档
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Ҷ֪ڲϣһֱֻ¶첲ϲҺİ˯š
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ϣڹȷƤ£ҽԺڲҶ֪￴˿˯š
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ڶ죬ȷȥͣʱϪ档
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԰ҪҪһȥϪЦеʡ
Ҷ֪ͷڽʣµ꣬ȻͷĹȷ翴ȷ类ЩëȻٵĽʣµͣù½ʵʵģϪȥΨ




ʮ

ΨڴĵĿ컨壬Ϊ˵߹ǣֻһ쵽ڴϣ϶쳤ùˡ
ŰתŶ˶鿴ŷţ⼸Ϫ涼˳չҲֻһ˶ѡû뵽ξȻˣĿҶ֪͹ȷϪš
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źͺ϶һۣϵļǰĲ輸ϡ
ԪƸǲ⣬ѯʲô
ϪǰһЦſ常֪ĻβԼء
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ԪţǱŤ˵μһµģûμǽյĹʣڼı£
׾ֲ˲ͷ˼˵μһȥô˵ҲûԪ¶ЦһתҲֻǸʱԸԼûμˣʹؽ֣Ҳùμҹ
ȷЦһǵͦлμҵģܹлֻ
Ԫ𾪵Ŀǣ촽ʵǣʲô
ô㵽ڻ֪ҪʲôԼԽȥˡ˹ȻͲˡȷƲƲ˵
ȢĻԺú˵ΪʲôҪôԪšüʵ
ǼʲôЦƵأЦǿСһĴΪΪǸԵıŮôģδҲ̧̫Ůˡ
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ȷͷһڣӦڷĴլ˰ɡ
Ҷ֪ЦЦĻ᲻˵㣿
ȷҡͷǲûиϾɱӵеĲƲ㹻ⱲӳԺȲˡ̫ݳ޵Ļ˵ˣҲ御ˡ
Ҷ֪ͷ۾ŵӣҧŹȷιˮ
ҶȥĶ£ȷ翴Ŷŵӵʵ
Ҷ֪գգۣϸĿһ£Ҳ֪¸²žл𣿡
ȷʧЦҡͷ¸¾УҪǰƵͻƱʲôģúûʲôȥĵطûеĻҾඡ
Ҷ֪˸ǷðǾɣûʲô
ȷεĳһЦСԽԽˣڴǵĻ񰡡
һǰ껸ϵҶҵʱһİŮѣ޲ץҧϼڲźáֻȷҶҶ϶жȫΪ˳ȽͲ̫ʵһչǼˣҲĽһ˼֮ࡣ
ҶְֲѧڣȷҶƤס֮ҶְְȥùȷеͶϴ˷ǰǱĿġȷҶҶǰǰŮ޸ҶְֵûʲôֻҶһرȽѹû취ĸ׶Ƚۣ᲻Ůѽ
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