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01 

У԰㾶˼ȣɢϣůůģ˺ڵ˯һ
ϹŨⰵɫˣůϰϰЩԡ
ôȥˣ
ԶһʯգǿԼĳ㣬Щա
ѩͬ־ٺ٣Ǹûȥúоһ¸ÿ¡ʲôԱıȣ㲻ϲѩŮ
žһǳȭ
ϣϹҽС
Ϲ漴ЦЦЩŵţˣôôᡯϹ˭һ
ž
ž

ϡ
ϡ

Һͳ·ʶ£µǾҪ顣еͬѧԡӡĿ⡣˵ĶϾȻ˼˼ֵز
ʵҡƻ顱
ÿλصϼңŸͬѧһŷҡУزƽ⡣ܾã˲飬ڸ˿ϣסһ죬ֵѼӾͷˡҪǣиҡ
ѧ꣬ҵҲǳֱǣߵģ·壬ҵĽǰδеĸǡ
ι㡪·ѧšɵһЦ
һعɤ˵
·ͻȻתǿһҵĶͷɵЦţ˵˵¡
ҿһЦ˵µӡ
ǧǧһǧǰؼҶİ˰٣ղһƬʣµ߿ëеʲǧ˰߿ë켸ϯƻ·ָͷһһ۵ؼš
һţҲһǿǣˣ㻹ȥ߼˼ʮſİϰ趼֪ҸĲ͹ǰӶǿһˡ
·죬λεأǲǺ˵ô˵Ҳǳ¼Ҵү
ҵݸԲмĿ⡣ȻҴδȥ·ңûüһϿ϶жϣҶһв̶ȡ
Уˡ
ôѾͷٺ١·Ǻһ£ɫȻһ䣬ҵĸ첲һɾǿߣӣϹҡ
˵ţҳУ԰ס
Ŀǰһ䵥ԪһһǧǴǧ˰߿ë۳ģղų·㣩еȵεķӱµǳ䵱ϸػ˵ⷿʱ򣬶ŷڨЦ˵˼ţѾ÷ˡҵ򼸺ҪѣСЧʻͦ죬һżûԼ÷ˡ
·ص˺һ̶ΧӣԵĽζ
۲˽ֳëҲһë
ҳų·֡Ρɫˣˣû飬;ϸ٣լеͷ㿴ϡ
·嶢ң죺㣬ҪǸŮöá˵ų̾˿ҿзҷɵҵϡ
꣬ٺٵͷ⣬һ㲻Ůˣ˵ţҵȭͷѾ赽ϡ
극·ϴꡣһŽݵ˵Ĵϣӡ
Աߵ̨ʽȴҳƮ·壬ȵʱ̨յ
·һӾˣҪƵá죬ָͷ˵һ̨µģ˵ҲҪǧĻǵǮʣ¡ɲɡһֵ̨ģҲҪһǧ࣬ǻʣ¡
ظ˵ɣôˡ
Ҽһгӣؿôˣ
ƣܶгŲ̄պϵģһǧʣǧ࣬ٺ٣ֻίȺඡ
һЦȺǲƭġ浽˽죬ȺǲĵϾݡѽۻǷŵá
û˵ħצѾ뵽ҵϡҺһĶǣ






02 »

ͻȻ͵µס
ǽ顣
ѧУΧһС꣬ʮˡ
αͬѧʮˣͬѧʮˣˣ췹ˣ
ܵǮǧ飨֪Ǯôģ
˾ǣ೤С֡
գ𱬣ԡ

Һͳ·尤ӾƣȺؼȦһʮ˵ķӲʮˣ֪ǳöӵ
Ƴ·ϵǲҶǡ·͸˵ķѣǺǵû£һС֣ϴȥ
ʵǵװرףȥŮװǴѧУղװ⻹˰೤СֵĺŲŸ㵽ֵġʣ˲Ǯ
һͬѧ˷͸©ǱԣһƬơҿӵӣ۵Ҫﰵߣȵǽ飬ǳǣ
·קҸ첲ʱҲע⣬೤Сڸࡣ
ѩЦЦϿŷģǳˣԸ೤Сһţûûˡ
ϻǳԵĿɶҵǮóԣÿ
೤Сţĵ绰
æأСһͨ绰ɫһӾ͹ЦǺǵ˵ɸ磬ٺ٣ż˽ͻ
Һͳ·ԣԵڵء
ϡﻩȥӭ˶ҹȺǳԱ˾Ȼûߣֶܹ
ЦŸƵãɷֹû㵽ңںûᣬ̵˰ɡҿŶǣﰵԽпࣺǣǿͬͬѧѽ
һƱˣʮӳ극ֱɱǡļҡΪƬһСҲûСƱ߽Сʱһ̫̫ϲɴ۾֪Ȼı顣﷢ëǽôôȥǸһȺ𷿹Ƶá
صҵʱɫѾһСԪ˾㷹ĶǡңĶͺѾ٩ݵһƱͬѧڴ˿ˣȴʱɱ
û뵽ôͽˡ˵
ĽˣҲɣôˡһĽþ
ˣˣһҲżοĸﻹûء
ҿˡ˵һĴϣ˳ҲѾߣ˵ڽ黹þĸͬ⣿ѧѧҺͳ·ˡ
Цˣ˭˵˵飬٣ͽˣ߼ҳġͶء
û˵Ц˵ȸһأźӻҵʱ򣬾͸裬·߼һӡ
⻰ͷһ衣ʵѾ裬ҲͬǰЩӣڵ绰ͷʡ
ȷûи߳·ҳʱٻżҺúʺһ¡
ʲôأҵԴ۵ĵƤ
һûѱֶĶˡһڶӶŮӣ÷ҳֱ֤ˣαظݵĻҪǳŶǶٵÿǮû⹦أԹʵٺ٣
ҹʱ֣¥µİNΣҲû˿šⶴֵģ̫˰ɡ
ȵһƱȥܰĶֻʣ
һʹÿЭڴϣ۵ҪȿԻۣ
ɷ˵̱ڴϸһ޻ƵáյǱߴϤɫСݣͶ˵ɫһԶͣһ̣öů
·˲ʱŵһɶĵζ˵·壬ˣ
һȻûлֻĴ
ɫСֻʣһͷѵҲǰĳ·塣֪أ۽ʪʪġǰһŰ೤ɢﷹȵʱס·֣ðɣ·һ٣漴ҵ֣ĵֱ߳꣬У԰ʯ·ǸʯӲһϡѺҹҾƾŹȥҳԾضų·壬˶һ仰˵
û컹Щ
·ܱ£һСҹҿ˫۲ͣᡣûôֹŴǰʧҲûô޹
ܰʪһƬ
ͣɬɬģ
͵ҹ̧§ס·壬һҸСסİ߳ˮʪĳ
һʱ䣬úҸǰѶеķ¶ȴˣԼĵŮˡ





03 ؼ

·̱ڴϣһ˵һһϣɰһֻСèЦһ۽ǵˮСٲɻš
ҲʲôãöͻȻʵ֣˷ܣɸǲšǰһҪ·ʱΪڿЦһظġһðһµġ
еͻһûź͹ҪϹһΡ
ʱѳЦ˵һʣŮʱһ˻ֵඡһɫԵС۾˭ǱĴѧ
ϤĿյϹ֪ʲôʱҲ˯ˡһҹĺܰȣҲûС
ڶ۵ʱ򣬲ŷֳ·ϸϸ񼫶ȹ죬˵档Ŭֱ̧סô˯һϾ˭ˣ
ֻɵЦü䷺˵Ƥ
ҽýģιɵЦˣȥϿǼû˵һ£ңӺóġˣӽǾҪΪҹˡ
˵⻰ʱطաȻƴѧҵ֤һϵСɲǶһ·޾С꣬ҸԼĹֱȽ黹ѡ
żȹ˰µٿϰࡣ·˵⻰ʱɣΪԼһү
ȥɣôȥҸ
˾ļܻᴹЩɰء˵⻰ʱô޳ܣüս飬ôȥ̫Ƶã
ҵСٿؾͱˣ˾ͻ۸ҡһѽϣȭͷСƨƨ򣺡캰ȻĻ
ǣұѱ
𴲴µʱɫһͿůһأѻ̵ĶȾĳ
İ£ӼֱǻججÿϷ۸ңҲ֣ȻǱ۸
ҳָǶһԴ˵ѽۻҷݹҪ԰ײ˺ͺȰ׿ˮඡ
һĮǵӣӣģеģӻеġ
ؿҵĶӣµĳ嶯ƽʱһƤզզܸоЭ
һɾǿǸĺӣЦȴ޿κΡֻܺһȴĩյĵ
»ڣĶжȹ˽һ£Ϊҹ죬Ϊ˸򶹽ǻײ˰죬Ϊ˸òýһµѷ
ֱһ죬֣صظңؼҼţ׼һ¡
һˣɫһ¾ͺˣԲǺߣǲǴ
ϣҲ᲻˼ٺ٣Ǽһ쵼ô𣿡
ʵǲţҪ·ꡣֻЩϰߣҡų·֣ʮŮĽߵٵȼ
;סջɫԵأͷҵ֣ߺߵǺðɣԼȥɡβܸˣϰѾ֪ͨˡ
æ˦ֽϵĿˮ
ֻһĴʱ䣬ҷе·ûҵһҪģ̫ɾ̫㡣ܵһŮ·ŵʱ򣬳·ӵתû뵽ԭҲͦ磡
գʱѾʮһ㣬ҹܶ˺þáҡѽһ˳·壬æߴ𴲡
۾ңôˣϹء
ŭ𣬰ϵıץһëȻ˵ôû·
û񾭲ȻʢģȵĿԣ»ڶ죬յͰչЪˣһ˿ϵİۼ͹СƨƨҲЦһμ˯ɰ˼㡣
ǵӣ˽Ҫؼ̽æôСƨƨϹ𴲡
ų⳵߹հƣҰһŵũСƽȵ·壬ǻңôƵáϰֲסô
·˯ػӦ쵽ˡ˵ҵļ
⳵ʦǳ·ģλµ˾һ·һû˵һǸư͡ԣûҪȥ
ԽԽԶԽԽֹǳ·һŮɡ





04 ƭ

ţںˬ붴̨̨ʽȱ˼䡣Ŵķ羰ƺ뿪ʱҰһɽҴСɽǲȥɽʱ򣬼еһ˿⡣
Ťͷһ۶ʱð𣺡·ˣ㿴һ߽һָҵļ
·彫Ҽϵͷ­̧˯ʵ˵ôˣˣע⵽ҵĿ˷ŭʱ˳ָļȥʱԾٺ٣ϰˡ
ҷŭ
һ˹ţһϲСĿҼһСƬۼǺûӡҶݺݵɣһᱻһ»Ҫ쵼ʱ򡣡
ֻһζļЦǾĸҰٺƵáϸ
ͣһƬµС㳡ϡ㳡ȫһЩΡէһƵá³ʱһµ˾¶Щ΢ЦɳĬ·ݸһɫȥˡ
·ҵĸ첲ұ߻ءôżңҪɽԽ룿ۼĸԳɡ
ïܴͷڳ·ϣĽë֪ܵŪšɣ磬̽ף׽Ұޣ
ȴĬĽëգ͵޿κΣҾϡŹֵϹɽԽ롱ӡ
һƬ֣һƽ̹õС·̧ͷǰȥˣǰȻһī󷽵ı㶣ƺйĳ·ļ򣺡磬šһ£ǲˣ
Ҹ˵꣬ƨɾһۣҡѽһУ̣СԺλϴŤͷǡ·壬ҰôۣŵҰҵļкʹ֤ûΣǰⴱ˭
ûҷӦ·ң߽СԺ
ղǸǵϴ˳·壬һ漴΢Ц˵ү
ʱ׺䶥ϵƭĸп
ү
·ⴱ˵үôҾҵ񾭸תӿ
ûҸô·Ѿ߽˷ӡ߽ŵһ˲䣬йƵĵϮͿ˱˪
·ֻһζĹЦǸıϻͷҵֽ߬ţϸ߳öࡣ
裬衪·ɤĽš
ҿܶȣȱˮأԴֻǷԺűŷһװ꣬ͻĳҼ벻ѯʳ·嵽ô¡Ҵľظų·¥
ӭһλӺݵĸˣЦݡ
·ͻȻǰȥǸ˱ס裬þòǺǡ
ǺǣŻؼҵ·ͳɡЦ绨˵
ĸȺһ˲ʶߵҡЦشңڿһҴվ˼ʼɵĺԶ
λѩɡλˣǣλߵߣ۹ů
ԭҵҡŶһҲ˵һ仰٣֣ԭĶȥˣôͻȻͳľˣɵأɻ΢Ц·վˣһɱ㣡
ɫͰЦؼѣѩᵽ㣬˳ùȻƯ﷢ëλǿɰȻ׻˵ĺֱףȥƽ׽ˣûһյļӡһֱ΢ЦСѲ·СͬȻĸöôĬ
ƺ긽壬ӲЦ˵ͻûиŴ·һֱҶ㣬˵ϲԸĬ˵ԼĬŴģǺǡ
ϷһĨΣǼİ˺߰ɣаͷһϣ·ͻȻʧǵߡǰʲôȥˡ
ŮȻס·Ĳӣ˵ôŶԭһֱƭҡ
ʲôʱƭ㣬ûʹң
ˣҲǡ£ֻ֪ǸĵΪ˵͵ӡƽʱҲûôݻôҲһҹӸ硣ԴǱŰǰһУͽȻľη
ҵ۹⻷ܣóһǮ
ҵĿڳ·թϣóһƭӣ
ҲϲƭϲǮĹӸƭҰԻţ֪һУûϸʣ·ק߽һҡ





05 

ұ·һңһԾˡһڴϣŪɫţߵλá
ҵɫЩ̻ûƭӡһңװȻض˵ڷһྐྵȻӲڷһϯ˼崲ġȥѧУĴλûʲô𡣿ȥЩŤⴲҵĹֲ̫ЭһųŮϸҩײࡣ
·ӴߵߣôˣʲôʱԴôȤ
һ񣬶˶˵·壬㻹жңôϵƭĸоǳ¼Ҵүôûпص̫˰ɡ֪ϰôǮͲڨˣͬѧƲң٣˵ҲǰϹ幫Ӹˣ
·۾Щϣû˺ܵ͵͵͵
·壬ԽԽ㲻ˡ뵱ƲСԧ죬СӺˣڿҡҲָͣ̾źϯ˼˵ʲô˼ϲղ
·Ҫſڻشţү̣˷Ըȥ
·塰ŶһЦšһҵıӣСͷٸ㡣ȥԷ˵ͷ촽ƮһȦ
ʺţҲûʱһһͬų·¥һŵԷĵضѾԶԶȥӺᣬѩǣϸ߹һҲʮ͡
΢ЦģҺͳ·Ŷ档ִٲװиСӿںХ΢΢ͷֱţ·ҲҿͻȻԼСҲǣԷҲŮ·Ҷߴ磺ģܺõġѧҳԡ˵꣬·ʹڴڵͷǱӸࡣû뵽һүήࡣſ̻ʵĳ·壬Ǿ𵭵ЦּиһЩˣ˵ѩԵӺáæЦشл
һٷҸսƵáһλص·ҵʱҲʶĿǰһûǶĽϱӰɡ
Ҿδɻʳ·壺ôûϰ֣
ҵߣϸϸҵĲӣǾ㷹ĵ⡣
£ټҲ١
ûӦأټ棿һס·־ȵĪǽ첻ؼˣ
·һСֵı飬ü°ָָ⣺춼ˣȥţﲻǼô
ԳһЦٺ٣һûҵһ˿ҵĸоȻķƾɣôоס˼ʮһһ첻˯˫˴ϣ͸޼ҿɹĹ͹Ƶá
Īأ䵭ղӿͷʣҾȻʧȥٸʵ׵ĺ档ʵϸʣɵҲ֪ô¡
´ߵǰӴķ϶гɽĵ֡԰ĵƹٻƵůɫʱָߴʤĸп·ͻȻ֮õİߣͬʱҲʧȥ˰Ȥ
ҳճյؿŴ⣬ҹĻЩŨ·ߵߣʵôˣҲǳƭģ
Ҹе·еࡣûҿڣ˿˿ʡ
·æͳõ᣺ôˣҲޣǺǣߣϹһ£ʲôԱĺӺá
ոջûһӾͰѳֲסҲݸһЦᡣȻҲһɬŮջһĨϼ
ɫ磬˵Ĺ⾰·ȥţزȥһ¡ʮֺͰǡ
󣬻εų·ȥšʱѾʮ࣬Һͳ·ڴϣͷװ긻ûʵΡ·򿪵ӣ˸ͨĿȤĿʱʱһɵЦҾڳ·ߣļ룬˼ȴ֪ںδࡣ





06 

ҹ·б㡣ɫҳܰɫǵĶ˼㡣ȴЩӦ
·һСһ˫ħצšһϢҸζɼɻûãϹ촽ߵҵ֮ϣԭеңһȫµĻ£ȻӿЩƲסĿ
ߵߵġҰ㡱ͻȻϹȵĴ˻ȥߴ磺ᡣϹ˵㣬΢΢һ£ֵЦһõİߵĺӣһȡ˷Ұζˡһ˳ĸο
ǶŴࡣǿطɢ˵ᡣ
һҹࡣ
ڶ죬ʱɫڳģֻʱ仹磬ͱų·壬´һͷ·ƺۣһֱ˯ѡԭҴ㽫ѣȭͷԵ˻ȥ
ֱţҲŽԭźȥ緹·һЦ⣺ţϣÿҰû˵꣬Ҿһѽĵڴϣûѩ׵ղɷ˪֡ɲģٺ٣ôŻ죬Ϲ˵˫ֽӵڻ
æߴϴԷɿ첲һǳǡ
ϣյر£ѧУԵĶֱûȡŻһɰ׵ģηʧİõ𾴡
ҵĻƺҲĨ۰Ҫ裬Ե裬·ġ裬㿴ᡣ
صңڴǰǰķ羰͸󴰣һƬͰСɽֵʢĵԵʣɽϲľԶԶȥ·õͯ硣·ϰ־Ȼôۺľûѷӽ˭˵ȥ
·ڵǰϷһСӵƤӰͻȻЩЦôȥ·ôСĳ滹ԾſޱȵĿͨ顣ҲһȻЩشֲڡŹ⻬۵գĵһ˿Ľ
뵽ŵգšԭҪ˵˵ʥּ㣬ȥŷ䡣
Ҷߣһ˽ĽӴŲŹ֡һͰ·һޡŶѹֳ·ôЦԭŴء
ѩ˵ͬѧǺǡ
ҡŰһЦ˵⺢ӣô飬ҲûǡְִС߻ˡƢãҪൣ
⻰ЩסϹҵȻҪˡ·¾Ȼû֪ͨϰ裬ɲᡣ𲻻ңҲ˹еĻ˰ɡӦ˾ļҲȰǺǣϡͿءҵЦǿͷʱĿǰһûп·ϰ֣ǵɡ
Ҷ˶٣̽Եţְɡ
ŹЦţ۽ǾȻûһƣǺǣְֲŲСְ̻˵ĴյҶߵ𿴷СӼһ޼ӣʵµҡ
ҺͬʱЦһҲСƵãȫȻûһٸͷ˵˵ЦЦǸһ׽áΪҹ鷳չȣѻͷĻһһų̸·ûʱ߶ءòҵһλĵţúļֱǴ治
ֹ׹ͻȻʱ롣ҺĵޱͶԵ⴫һүˡԭЦŨңȻ˼֣һ¡һμɲܵԼЦҵļ򣺡šҵͷɽŵô˵ʧʧ
һװͦԼĪʮͷˣŲȽŽϻЭЦҽŵվӣһءҲЦվǰȥ
ȵ˵ݳǰҵĿһ£гصľѹͷŵĿʼңˬķʱ͡
ôǡ·ְ֡ҵĹ





07 

Դˡһҿ亹乶¡ȻѰ㣬ǰˡĿϵʱҲһɫȻޱȡʱűңûпҵı顣ˣѪԵϵĹϵľȡ졢Ȼ·˲ɢ漴΢Цߵߡ
Цϸۣλѩ
ҵ͸ƲסľΡǰˣǺЦŶѩû뵽ôÿˡ˶٣ô緹һûԣҪһЩңǲŵһμ棬ǴӲʶ
ſұΪţЦŶ˵ϺͿôڲʮһ㣬ȻûԷˡ˵ųԷʲô˵ڽѵһλµĺӣԼ۰̹֮¶ɡ
һļ䣬ʼңҲͱһ˺ѷεۡ
ǣҵĹ
¾ۣҵĹ
ǰöĳĽͷȻµĿ·꣬޵һҲˡǣôվҵǰ
üͷһ壬˵Ŷʮһ㣿ҶæͿˡתͷңҲŵؿĿϤȻ
˵䣺ôŵ˺ӡѩô˵ˣղŲ˵λصϰôôһͽųӣ
ҽţľľؿҸûпҴضһ֮ϡģ̤
Ŷְ֡ҡǡѩһ˿֧֧˵
ŸҵļЦݿȰҲҪţֶ˵ˣȥҸѩ˵Ự̸˵ˣʱ򡣡
˷ͷҡ̾ģջ͸ˡ˵꣬һң뿪
󱳳ʪ͸Ŀ԰ĮȻƽ̡ҵļ򣺡ôˣѩղŻôãô˰ְ־ôšԺɱôûòˣȻ۲һƽϵˣҪúñ֣ǺǡˣҲô˵ʵҵһۿ㣬ĵ׸еУ˵ֱЩ
ҵͷӦ͡żĳ˵ˣˡղ˵·۸㣿Ǻǣҽһô
ҿƤЦղȻţµص˵ͷŬЩΥЦ
ô¾ۣԴءƺǡ¾֣ۡƮҡţײš
¾ۡ¾ۡ¾ۡ¾ۡ
ҿʼŪˣҿʼϲϷŪͽҿʼΡҲôȹҲδ·ͥ
ǰһŮˣҵţҵĽãҵУ

Һĵ緹ʱ֣Ů˹Цݿ䡢ӺݻɰԻҡѵ
ǰʱ򣬳·ͳ¾Ѿڳ·ߣûп¾һۡϹɫƺЩ˯̫ҵԺҡڲϹ͹ǣΪϤΪ˴Ļ꣡
ҵͷŬſɬķˡ·ֻ˸˵¾żȻϼ䡣ԭҵҸʴӣüζ˵·ϡ·æҲãŤͷ˲Ϣⲻɨ¾ۡҲڿҡ
ǰ沢нȻʳ˵û㻶һδεظҼвˣػ֮ĲԶ·ЩԴ׵ֹšƫġȫȻһСס¾۱ȴûظĸ
ÿʱ򣬷Ҳҡ
֪˶ãβų·صңԱûж޴֪ǰֻ˵ףЩж̵ļ䡣ôôɣ»ĶʱڣΪҲΪԼϴ˳ȴûϵҾȻһڵļͥԤڵ
ȻϹİְ֣ҵĹ





08 Ӿ

ȵ󣬴ɽ´ΡˬޱȣҲڴϣӵĲš·Ϸ̧ۿ⣬ƮƮơڼҸĴһƲأ
תͷճյų·ĺ󱳣ͨ·ӳԾצس졣ǰģҵϹ·壬¾۵Ķӣ
Һ˼룬ͷʱֻ
ιĺһ
ףȻͨˣٺ٣ϸϾȻػǲǺͳ·塭绰Ů˵
˭ôģɫŮˣʲôôƽʱҲûҹңôˣĪʣŮҪޣæŴͷǮ񣬻ָĻã٩
ٺ٣ϲ㣬ˣն˵
ͻȻ׹̸˼֣Ⱥģ
ǵȻ㶼ɽͷˣҿɲ뵱ʣŮôûб׵Ǻ˵
ԴһʲôӦɣϧҵҪƷˡǸǮܲܿЩʱգϽĿǰɽŵҪ
һ𣺡ˣɣҪָŽС׬һʣôżǺǣ⻹Ǹѧˣ
һˣп췹Եģ֪ڿЦʵʲôʱ¿ɰѰֻඡ
ڵ绰ͷٺһЦΪ˷ͬѧǣһӣĩȥ㶫ⷽ棬һҪúһ
è壬һ̾ţӿɽ̣ȥ˵ɡ
Ҫҵ绰ʱԴͻȻһ⣬סʣ£Ҳû߼ҳɣ
شȻǿ϶ġɺãӻ򵥣֤һٷˡҸҪȰ䣬ǽЩΪãҾһʧܵİǻߣȥ󣬻ף»Ҹµ绰󣬳·ͣ»ζ֣ȤңҪ飿
ոո٩ʱĻȻ䣬ͷַѹƲסķաҿų·壬ž٣̲СŬ״ţĩ
·ζһЦףʼǿˣ㿴˵϶ǰ༶ģͷãûһ£̲סˡ˵Цݸӷݡ
Һͳ·Ķߣҿ϶죬ѻؽпࣺǮǮҪˡǴʱȵڿı֪϶ںһٿǮҿų·ݸһЦȥ˾˳ٻ˼ңЩ·˵ؼң˶·壬ǻزءҸһšס
ҸһšĶǳơġѾµĸסΪʲô˳ǮȴԪ˵ǡ͵˶ĿҪΪ˵㡣
˵⻰ʱҹ⻷һܣ˿װεŸ߹ҡȻȥǿǵļҡ
ͷһţǵļң
˳·ĻһۣԸˡ·ٿߣҶص˵ţȥӾô
ӣҺߵӾθƨȥɽСϪΣ°ָָ󴰵Сɽ
ڨڨһЦȴ˿ûгʵζûԺиӾô
͵һԺӾأôûע⵽ƾ羰ȻûԺиӾءôһ˵һӾˬذһҵ¶ȻæԳ·˵ðð
תһ룬ֱˣûӾ£հɡո¶ʱɢӰ١
Ұ̾Ϣϧѵʱ򣬳·ɧɧһЦͶųаĹâ´ߵ¹ǰ֨ѽһϸ΢죬ɫ¹ڻȻڷһ··ͷңаһЦعͷ˳ִ¼óһ
ҵ裬ȻóһɫӾ£൱¶ǣסؼĲλĿɶ̻¶档ԴʱֳҴӾµģһŻ¡
ҰѽһԵڴϣ·壬ҷˡ
Ӿߵߣɧɧؿңôÿô
Ҳ֪˵ʲôãͷҡø˹Ƶá
һֻص¹ǰɫӾ·ŽȥִóļԸޱȵӾ£ɫккڡ
Ȼ᣿
ͷЪˣҿΣ
·壬ĶŪôŮԶٺ٣Ǹ˰ãղصİɡ
ҵʣһĨɬյҶߣⲻΪ㿴Щʲʺ㣬
·ǰЩԸӾ£айʳ
ૣȻ̧ȭͷȥȴæ㣬ﻹͣӾ¡һȭͷùͣһСģĹؼλԭаЦĳ·塰ϡһ˵ڴϲȭͷܸ֪һ˲ģæ߹ĵʣôˣôˣŪ˰ɡҵĴôҪҪ
ڴϣʹ࣬һۣҲҵĹġ
Ҳһţ֪ᣬݺݵԼͷػϹҪҪҲǹġ
üͷʹһࡣ֧֧ػšյȭͷɿļ٣߽쵽
ʹĽһҵҲĹؼλһ¡ʱͷһͻȻòԾæֻ
ûءԽ족֣һߣţҪ˵⻰ȴݺݵץסҡԽ족֣ҵءҵһֻͣǸ档
ţٷḻҲյʱȣؿԭȥʮʹȴһɫף۵ⱼ
Ҳɼģ֣ʼ䶯





09 

ħ㣬ǱܵķӦſʵ鲻Խ䶯·忪ʱĴϢϡӦõɳϢ
ţᡣһ磬Ʈضϡ
ȴζĿ佱ϵ˶ȴûͣ£ֱҶ˵ҰѴϡ´סڵĹٿذࡣ
ͷȻһ󸾵İ廭ƺϢУҺͳ·ĳЩ١ƶһ㽫˵ҵ͵һһɿƲסĿɢ
Զ֪ƣ룬Ÿոչ飬²۹ʳ˵˵ζҺƱѱİèĻҪ뿪ҪܾѲʶ֮ڡ
һֻõСϻϣѰ˾Υ㡣
̰ᣬԵڷ裬ûȱ˴Ϣֿʼһֵڷ衣»»飬㼤⡣
ڴϷŶȹһʱ⡣ȵһؿңһһֻԱİèۡ˿ؿų·塣
£ŰǼӾ̵طŻ¹񣬻δظң´Σ´һҪԡ

ɪɪϰϰ
ǰһƬڣ߰в֪ĳ֨֨΢紵֦һϤϤ
վֵһ䣬صصͷ
ƺڿңصϤ¶ȡ
û뵽㡣˵𻰡
Ҳҡû̧ͷնӦ֪Ϊʲôһش
͵һЦ˶˽Ųû뵽㡣
Ҳҡ
ظǰĻ
ڵңԴңҲûоȺͲڸһλõۣĴֻеļ͸ˡ
㯵̾˿·Я£·ἰڹһС漴ߵߣִҵļϣƼԭѩ
ִҵļ̧ͷֱֱؿôʼһֱѩ
ÿƺڽͨЦ˵ѩӭǼͥ
Ϊʲôô򶨣ĪڽҵĳѵЩȴصĸ飬δ
ҿǺЦЦЩ죬ԼҲúЦһֱңڿһλոչŵĶϱ
ͥƮĶֻһңֻˣҺ衣ڣǲͥ
ִֽҼ򣺡ƼѩþòһҲû䡣
ҼͷһгһӣʲôӣЩԶֻǸ¼Ĵڡ
ѩǲǽܲڵǣ¾ۼûлػʵ
ڵǣǣֻ֮һ˳µĽװɡ
ұĻǣؼǧóѣɬѵǷҼͷ˳»ȥ쵽֫ͣ£Ļȥһߣ鲻Խشǰ˵ֻĶϱ
Ȼ̾Ϣҳ嶯ˡ
ҴվϢȴͣڰգճյؿңѩѵ
ѵֻǹϱĹϵ
֪ģǰˣȥôĿƽͷЦպءԭȵôͻȻôڳҹɫ£¾۳ճյؿңĻҪ˵һλĸ¶ꡣ
ʴӵؿͻȻ뱧סúðοһ¡ȴҵĹôһҹ֮䣬ͳˡңԶ
һֱˣôҵ硣ҵֻһɣһ̨ȣһ򵥷ˡȴΪʳ
㷲
е֣ʵؼ˵ϣǽúõء
˵꣬ĿɫͣƬ̣Կ˵ϣ
Ť뿪
¾۱߿ʱֵ͵˵ȥɣڵ㡱
ҵôͻȻʹҹɫôͻȻƮ¼ƬҶܲҸЩ뿪ܱܲǰᵽĶӣ
ôĶգôȻǶҲϲΪ޸˳·壬ǾͿƽƽعӣһͣ±ǣŮ
ϣͻȻƫ롣
صң·Ѿڴ˯ˡҿžŵ㣬˰ɡûϴϣȫɢܰ۲ĵ˴Ӳݵ·ľľؿݶĹ
¾۵ӰһֱǰôĮȻô̬䡣ֻǣٲƽ͵ģٲܼ
ǰϦС׸˵ҵңЦ˵ҰѾ㶨һżپͿȥҵʱ龹ȻޱȸˡΪܹǮĸ
żҸȲؼˣЩ򵥵鹤һġ軹ôĳ̶̶˺öࡣµ绰߳绰ͤһ˾ڿտУ԰ңΡ





10 01

ٻȻУ԰˼ȡĵڲٳȴС׵ĵ绰Զ·ͶٻɫĹ⣬͸į˵һСܰ
˺þãСײŴ绰ȥУſڡ߳ſھͿСվһǰ΢ЦؿҡҵĵʱЩҡ
ѩˣ¿еСͣͣ˵ǺǣʵҲûʲô߰ɡ
һֱ΢Цûлش˲䣬һˬϢȫûҿߵһۡСų˵λСϸ磬ʶһ°ɣ⡪ƼСϸ˵ỰĬġ
һûڣߵӾЦ˵ãܸˡ
ǿЦЦá
˾С˵ġϵˡɣϰ߳Ϊ̽ӡҲ֪̽ûСϸȷʵǸĬˣƬ֮ǾͻʵʱҵжôĻš
ӹ˺þãͣһСͬ³С׶Ϳ뿪ʣҺСϸ磬ͻȻЩ󲻵Ρ
Цţ˵ƼҪȥ𣿡
ҿ˿ߵһţŹصʵʵ֪ȥ󣬾һ硣ǮƺͰǰȴȥáһֵ֪Ĵ˫ȡ
ҲΪʲôһ˳ԷСӣôͻȻҡ˿̵ңпһ⣬ȻģȰһͷǰ
·ݳҹգǵ㣬ҼǵãʱͷҹգһЩֵþĶҰĿͣСϸϣĴ
šһǵӦһ
Сϸ΢΢ͷɻؿҡ˵Ƽʵ¶ҪղСڣûҸ̸ЩڿҪЩûô򵥡
óĻůÿһ䶼ڱһŮԭҵɧҿʼЩ顣òýȥĵû䡣
Сϸûлش˵֪ÿ˶Լѣǽİ취ȴкö࡭·ͨ
·ͨ
ԴʱֳϸеĳʱǻڿҡͷԵر䣬ߵ޹أֻͷд֣һƽ
ҵۿʱʪƬ̾
Сϸһҿޣæ˵ޣޡ˵ž뿪խխĺͬûзһֱߡ
ϵƹʡСϸһƾɵ¥ʱȪӿȫȻû˿ġؼǣΪСϸ粻Ǹˡ
¥߽һªӡֻһҵĴһЩݵҴһ´ڳһƬɾĵطʾ¡
ֹͣʣϸˮոĴϣŵһȳĹζ
ˮûʲôԵãȺȵˮɡСϸ΢΢Ц˵˵ڼݹһֽ
̧ͷһۣһ࣬ȥһզкӣɬ
ҵͷջĿ⡣תߵǽǵ˱ˮݸҡڵĹ߲ݶֻǰװһ͵İ׳ơʵĴ֣ɫʰ쵵սСݣխĿռ˼ֻá
Ƽ˵ϾͶˣĽǴѧˣһӿҲϲ˴ѧˡСϸЦ˵ЩĽرЦ
㶣ѧͻȻúİôȥôЩ벻ôȥģΡ֪ģȻСϸУҲϵᣬ̧ͷ΢Ц˵Сϸ磬Ժѩɡ
Ҷ˶٣Ҳһû뵽һ̹ϵ˵ʵ֡ҿ˵ϴѧһ
ѩ߶һ£Ȼˣѧöõ֪ʶء
˵ЩƤƮˬѡŰغߵ֪ʶҲѧϰ֪ʶ
ȻԼð࣬ôͻȻʹ崿СѧΪ糾ŮҿЦţһɣĸˡ
СϸЩ䣬ǲᵽҵĴİһǳЦ˵ÿ˶һĴڣαôۡС޿ܻ쵽ڣеطסзԣѾͦҸˡ
Сϸ˵ģ·ÿһ䶼ôҸԭ˼򵥣зеطסҸĲˡ
ûм𣿡ҿʼЦ
۾ʮƵСƺڸǲסǾӨӡЦ˵ȻûмңǺǡ
һȫȻû뵽Сϸ˵ЩʱȻ΢Ц
ҴСûмңֻǼľһҡһãֻԣҾͳˡСϸ΢Цţڽ˵Ĺ£ûб¶һ˿ˣǺǣ˵ˣԶˡ㻹֪ҽʲôɡҽϱϣ;
˵նִ󺣵ĸɴࡣҿ͵һ顰
ͻȻóûһŮнѵСӣһŮˣȻһЩ빤޹ص顣СӻȰһ糾ŮӽУȥɵϲŹ֡





11 02

ҿ͵һ顰
ġϸ˵һǰһﳤ
˾ͺǺЦôӨˡһӣе鶼νһ㣬ң⡪ѩǲʲôѣ
ҵ΢΢һ˵ġѡȱǮȱǮ˭ȥǸط˵ϰŵġ̨С㡱һЩܻۣǵ֪վҪ˫ȥӿ͡ȻôõԼҪĶǮ
ԭȻұǮģôܵ˵ЩлüͷǰɢյĹâ
Сϸ磬ȥɡһȻվӣ˵Ųʼ
һʼϲһڵһҵǰסҵĽŲѩҪ𣿡
Ҫ
Ҫ
ҵԿƺͻȻѣǧҵͷշתѵĲȥ𣿿ǣǸ߰ѧѣ᧸ΣѣĲӡ
ľƮȻǰͥƶþȡһĳ޼ɵҵĴԡֻǸŮӣôȥôص⡣Ҹòȥȥҵҵ裬ôһ볣ƽȵôŵȵõСС
ʵȻˡ
ұȥһһֵ˵۾ؿ϶Ȼһ˿̣üͷ𣬵ĵɫԾȻϡ
ѩﲻ㣬Ÿأ֪֪
û˵꣬ҽȻĻлл㡣֪֪Բĸоÿ˶ԼأˣԼֻǸŮӡ֪ΪҺãЩ飬㲻⡭߰ɣ
û˵ԭأûжûϢ
ʱ˲䶳ᣬƺмĿɨҵգƺкöεѶߡСݣĪɵˣû
ɫôأĹǲЩࣿԼ鱾ɡ
͵һû˿ĶͻȻ֣ӲұһСҰèͨһŵϡ
ҵʶȻңֻͷݺݵؿǽϣһʹ
Ʊһ,ôһ£ƲأȴǿӲʵֱ֡ӰҵĽϣǰ͵һȫҵϡ
һϢɢǼ⡣عסҵ֫Ѿ̽ҵĴߡ
ұܵѵĳ棬Ѳˡ
ңʼкȴĪŵĺܵ͡
Сϸ磬Ҫǡѡ
ҵزذǻȻҵĸоҵ촽ƺҪҧѪۡ
Сϡ㡪Ҫ
ֻһζֽ뿪»ȥһ͵͵ĶȹĿꡣеĻ˲һйħ˲עҵҪȣֲĽк
һǱһɶƲסʹֹͣѡһͣĲҲϸϸ
ɲǡȻֹͣеĶѾ뿪ϵ֫Ҳһ
ֻһؿҡͻȻͷԣҲ鸴ӵؿ
ɲǡ͵شյߡʵ֣ɷ˵ݺݵؽĳ͵͵ĶȹҲ
ֻһɫ£ѩ׵ļѾ̻¶ǰ
ɲǡͣĶľľؿҡı鼫临ӣҲ²͸ʲôҳ˾ȣֻʣ¶ƲסĿͲ⡣
ʵ¶ǵǰʲô˵飬û뵽һ¶ǵһոʶǰ
Ŀֱֱͣҵϣ΢΢صĴϢ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôΨһŵǣҪҡңһ糾Ůˣһô
ԣûƴ
谵Сӣǽͷһǿ׳˵ıڻؿҡ

Ҫ𣿡鸴ӣһһֵ˵

⻰ҹָһ£οܰ˯ˡټɣˡ





12 03

Ҫ𣿡鸴ӣһһֵ˵
谵СݣСϸ磬ȴҲûɬͲеǶԼĴ㡣Сϸ˵Ҫ彻ڵôľΪ˸ı׾ݵƶԼ٣
ľҪôҵٿԻѧѣǿԻһհУ
ʹҲòϸǰ֪ΪҺãղҲΪҵġǣ˽ΪĶҺþĶҺ
İ𣿡Сϸ˵ڽѵһ֪ĺͯ۾תڴɫ
ҴһԼ̻¶ŵҲû˵ڡȴҲûκоӷ緶
İãôİáÿѧУѪǮججعӣ˵ѪҲİãСϸ磬ԣ˵ĶԣȥİãûûҼʵػѧУ䵱꣬ǲǵĵȷȷĲ
û˵ߣһ·ݸңҴϡҽӹ·
Сϸ磬лл㣬Ǹˡǣǲһҿɫӵ˵
û˵Ŀ㣬˰Ρ
޺˸
Сϸǰ棬ҽǸո߹·ñСͬǵźȻǰؿңӾӨ񡣳ŵ¹⣬ʳ
Сϸпţϵ¥ҽһŮԼˡŮ˴ҺþãĿ档
ñµŮӣǺǣСӻСǺǡԺͽҺɡŮ˵ĿѲҵ
Ŷ㡣Щִ١
ʲô
Ƽҵص
Ů˺ǺЦ˵ְǴѧءˣйǸû
֪ûиϹһǲǴŮ׼ǰʱ򣬻չȣǹںöǰ衣Ȼ֪Ǳųģǵ˵ǴѧʱôͻȻôʹ
û˵ҡҡͷ
Ŷϧ˷Ƶĺûˡеǣⲻλ˿أŮô϶ûġ
ңĻ˼֣ǹԼδ幤Ҳǲ֪ŬЩĻԺȫ̰æˡ
Ц˼߽һ䷿ﻹλһͣ˺׷Ĵк
󡪡ƼǰɣŶڸżλѧϰһ£ͲˣѧĲˣȻġˣæţһ£Ͳˡ¼仰ʹҴˡ
ֻɳƹȴһλߵǰʣİɣ
šҴ
ʱӦ֪ĹءӺ̵İţβܾܾ˵Ҫ󣬱繤ʵķŰ취
Ҳ㳤ɣֻҪѺڣѧѾƨˡʱһң˭ֻ֪ҵĹȥʱҵ롣
ҶЩʲôҲѧϰһϾ˽ࡣڶ̨ʱ򣬺㲢ûнҡҲûСҿպΪʲôǮĻᡣһ˵Ľ˵ҪסӵȣӿͣûĹء
ֱϺÿѡҲʮˣȻһСǸҪõĽ˵̫ˣһξô˳Ҳ֪ԼǸø˻Ǹñһ̨Ǹ˺ȾƳ裬֮е顣һ˰˰٣˰١ңǵȷһͬСɵĿһصԼңǮ¡
ٺѧУѾסȥҺһλͬѧһӣֻж٣Ϊ󲻵жơ˵ˣܵ³λͬѧҲҹС׵Ĺϵһ
޷ӵס빤صطԶ²ϧ໨һЩǮ
ڹʱضԣǶҹװҲޡÿ糿صסĵطжױسԼһŮ





13 ־

ƮȻĺҹʱ֣š۾Բѵŷᡣ
ȴҲ˼εʱ򣬼ʲôᰴסһ·ӵؿҡҲ֪ʲôʱġ
ôˣΪʲôˣѵҵû˯ˡҸղҲŵǲ֪ô˯ˡɱˣҲֲġ·尲οҵֽڼϲᡣ
ԭΪ²ſ޵ģ˿ȴϿҵļ䲻Ա֡
ŬͣʣˮҲֹסˣοؿ·壬û£ֻͻȻòš
ҵȻܸҿΪְ֣Լɾ
ĶˣѽвҲһɱ𵢸ˡ·役ңѾҵĶϡ
Ҽôػͷůһ˿Цݣ˵Ǻǣ㼱ġûвֻﲻ
ŶһΪأǺǣɵġ·ϵĽ֮ɫҲʱȫޣʲôأզֲˣ
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һཱུϸߣߣƤ񣡡
ҸǺһ䣬פҶϵֺȻһ£Ҷһϡһ·壡Ҹ㣬۲۰
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ѵŲϲϹƤ𣿡·弱صûһۣ˵ǺãȻϲҺߵӣϹͺһΡ
˵ţͰѸϵĽ屻Լű´ߵǽǵϯ˼ϣͨ¡ҳһ£ͷ˿Լ̹¶ǽǵ㶵û˵һ仰Ǻߣǹң
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ҺǺ£һͷԵϣҵ죬ӽˮ˰ɡҹĲ˯ַ־ӣ·尡·壬Ƿඣ
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ҲʱŰۣŭߣ·壬ŶҪÿ
Ҳ֪ǲ⣬Ҳȴ˸ղŵෳաһҸĴڡҲ㲻Լˡ
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ˣƽʱϹСһ׮ƫƫ̣ȴӲ˵ڡߵؿ͡
ţһ˾˯
ҳ۷ǲܰ˯ˡҰһۣ˵Ϲ˯ɡ
ǺЦ
һҹߡ





14 

ڶ죬·ѵĳ硣һǱħצѡЦЩϴ׼ȥ緹ħצһֱҺ󱳻ȥ
ҵͷħצ˦´ͻȻ緹ʱ϶Ҫ¾·꣬ǸöΡԼӲװ˵Цǿڷ˵Ҳһûһ۵ؿңϻϲĿ϶ȥּ档
˯̫۵ԵʣȦҲðˡôô˳
صҵʱ򣬳·ڵǰšشͷ˼治ȥ緹治ÿμ¾ۣö˺ĸд
ȵ˹ţһڴų·ĺ󱳡
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ߵǰȴֻһˡ·һѾ§סŵĲӣСӰһﲻػң¼ͬʱǰ
ֱʼԷ¾Ҳûг˵֪һȥ˹˾˿
æظҼвˣЦտɰסǵĵ׼䲻Ů˵ˣԼȻȵöϷĸп
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ŤŤӣЦôװǲس죿Ǻǣ׹Ǿ㹻ˣĻ˼СMMǲǣװĿҰŴˣ
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߹ڶͷһǣЦ˵ȥɣҳȥ¡
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һŴӳóһλεĿݸңѩͷʱҲûʲôǺǣ£иʲô·ģˡȹЩӣҺ;ٰǲٳһλ񡭡
ең˼˵ȹЩӣҺͳ·Ҫ飿ŶҲѹ֣˼ҿǴ˼ңܲƽ޹ʵһëͷҵĻ˵ǣϺдɡ޷ˣ
ӹͦᣬһӦصİɡ
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ҪȥһݼңȻ֪ݼĶ˺þãŽͣһӵĺͬڡҴ˼䣬һ߻һؼҵʱ绰ϻ˽ҳãɵ
ķӱǵġҸһšƫƧխĺͬ˺üǰҡ˼£ӦȵȰȵȡ
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ЪϢƬ̣Һ;ţɱ̳ʲôʲôЩɰ᲻Ҳǡ͵ĸ
ڴϹ䵽㣬緹Ҳûԡ˵ĸƵãǽ飬ô˷ôҵ٩ǡ񡱣۲ҸɫԾȻϡ
صĶСƬ̾ˡұ˽ǰһϹסһͣƨˡ
üûءҸһšˣЩĵ
ǴĻؼҿϹر





15 å

ֻĵ㲻ȥҸһšɣ˳Ӵ·Сſڣ³ͽŲҴҵ¥ҸһšܡֹˣϲɰѹҺˡ
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ͻȻе̲ϢǼ⡣Ҳһ㶣˿Ծô̲ζأɵػңĿߵڵĵʱ࿩һ¡ҵ죬Ժ͵ôˣ
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ʱ̽Դһ鲻Խ˿ĭôɱС͵˰ɡĻ֮ʣ֪ĶܳӰӣٿסҵ죬һֻֻһѲ˵ҵĲϡ
ˣoverˣװϹûü޾Ҫˡװķټɡ
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ҵᵽɤۣĻ˵һ仰󱳵ĺѾɺӡС͵־ܴҵЩۡ˵ʵ˵Ҳ˵ˡ
ҵ뾯ƬյһģһС͵ӽҵֽŰס֪ǲϧúطڴϡʱҲؿС͵ӡ˵ʵȻҺܺ£С͵Ĵʱ򣬻ǲЩֻ֡ͷһŮʽ˿࣬Ҽҳв˵ȴһոµTôôһҵС͵뵽ִһûпסһЦ
ЦЦƨʵ㣬СҡС͵Ťͷݺݵغȵ
֪ԼЦĲʱ򣬰Լæذ󣺡ЦЦҲǹġ
С͵ͷһɫŮʽ˿࣬ŬȴƲòѷһĵ԰ȥֽӻǽ̧ȥֻصңǸ̨ʽ˼Ƭ̡ó绰˵ӥӥèѾϣӦӦ
ǸŻﰡδҲ̫רҵ˰ɣЩС͵ԵġٿǮûˮƽû־
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ּۻۣС͵Щͷԡ˵ʲô
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ҵС͵ŶһߵǰӣҽӡЩ⣬ĵС͵ѵҳûλɵúÿɰ
ͷӣ֪ΪʲôҲ̧ͷܲҳ̫ɣ˵Ҳ֣ͦյĳȴЩĪĴ̼͸ЦǲǾϲӰأ
һϺͽϵӶ⿪Ҳһۣתߡ
΢һ£С͵ģ۵Ľ˵ллŶ
ҵĻ͵һͷͻȻʲô飬ȻʲôվſڣڴϡһաĻ棬ȵհ磬ͷ׵Ķڡ
ٺЦ͸ɫ˿࣬Լչ¶ٺߵߣв˵ॡһӵϡ
С椣ˣǻûСٺ١
ɣҸղŻԿ佱ʣǸĵĵô˲ͱոƽּ϶кڻղһ֮ΪʲôҪɰӿɺã˼ҽҵҪĿҵ裬ҵϹǶ
ٺ٣С椳ôƯҲ֪λСôиⷿװ޵ãսɣٺ٣ãúúýһ£òðӣ





16 ˿

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Ҿ㵵ؿҪаЦյҵߣе̲ϢƮǼ⡣ڴϵ㣬һס֡ҡ̡һߣҪ
ûлشֽҵĸ첲Ѿ򻨴
˿̣ҵʱӦ˫Ŵ˫ҲԭûзһѣһԵڴ¡һæ´˿ǽǡͲͣض£磬𡪡ӥҪˣǿ߰ɡ
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ѽ!ˣҸղͬӥϾˣһһվҵǰҡ
󱳣㺹ɺӡ
ЦǰϡҾ֮ơˣĪÿһåڸɻǰϲЦ
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ѪܱѰ㣬ȫ񣬺ѹŴС͵ǰһȭҹȭС͵ŪڴϡС͵ûзֻǵؿЦ
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֪´һޱȣһıóһ㡣Ƭ̣ʶϵĺɫ˿࣬ų·壬˵㣬ôҵӣĳ
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һͷˣ㵼ݵľƬôҵСӹҺߺһ£ҲĻڴۣԹԵس衣
·Ҳû´ȥ˲ԽԽôԼװС͵åŪҡҿ־ᶨС͵Ҳ׼





17 

ŭغ˼룬ֻһţҴһԭǳ¾۷ġֻм򵥵ġף㡱֡ҵһ٣
Դʶÿһ򵥵ףʺÿζҡôֺ͹ɵʺһʼƽ֮һطҲϰߵףУһֶƲסĺøС
ҲǺøУ̸ϸ顣
·߽յҵߣϻƮŵ̲ϢǸıδȴңȻؼˣ¥ȥûأ
ʲôղҸôңڻ۸ңȥͶＫ䲻ƽ⣬ˣǰ˵ҪһһҺãҰҡôûڣңߣСˣ
ȥŭؿ۹Ƶ
·忴񲻶ԣ֪ղĹˡڨڨЦؼٵ˵ǺãæһˣЪţȥˡϹҿŵģǲǣԹԣ
Թı
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˵žͿſˡɵɵڴϣʰβʧܣʧܣȥ
ߵѵԷŻص̫ؾ͸ǳû
ղų¾۸ҷĶţǷûšһòػظһšڣòûأǰ֮ĹϵôǵĹϵʲô
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ڴϣĿڴѪĲһЩȻ˵˼ôҪİõعӾôѡ
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鷳磬ԺҪҡԹԡıơ£ʺһĶԹԡ㡪ΡףЦŸ͵
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Դëˣ㿴ߵ졣ָŴա
첻ʲôһϷǸﻹ̨óһɡ·˹˵
ҶϷûȤ˼ڴϣԳ顣
Թ緹·һͷԵڴϣԺҲЩ§ʵļ˯
ʱʵһͿүҲ񾭲ɣ粻·һˣ²ؽȥӾһ˵һ߰·
åԼʲô
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·һԣβˡȥȥء㲻Ҫ·Լѡ
·ҴǼǳɫӾ£ùǼӾǰǰðһ䣺߹⣿
ɲһ¶ǣؼλȫˡԼԼУʻչ¶·ȴȻ˵ʲôϹԽ𣿡
ҿһаЦɫºݺݵһ١κʹñĽԼºݺݵһ١ǵԵʵǵشӦɫǵӾ£ų·ԺӾȥ





18 к

·첲ȣ˶Цӯӯң㲻𣿡
Ӿʲôʱȹ㲻֪ҴҶϰߣҪΪСӾ̫ãʤˮԲںʲô
ŶŶԲϹ͹ˣ֣·Եĳʵ˵ŻߵߣҵȫѲһȦֽ˫ְסҵļŤֵϹһۣĺðûвμСѡ㣬Ȼ˭˭ٺ١
ұħצŤתЩҿЦװʢ˵ģ˵𣿺ǺǣСܻƨô𣿡
ͦţഺչǰֱضҵϰþû̧ͷ
ôˣС̧ͷСлԸ˵⻰ͷһ£Բ˵ڵġС㡰ļɵ
·̧ͷؿңһɫ׵ʱݹԵδ˵ţҶ㣬ʲôʱμѡ㣿϶ùھٺ~
ûһˣ춼Щʲôණָ̧Ŵһ£û˰ɣȥƮɡ
·æصͷǣҵߵӾǰ
˵ʵǮ˵Ӿؾǲһ㣬ˮȻýؼӾصĹ죬áɶ칤ݿ϶ΪԣӾȡֵͬʱһһΰҲҪлľûġòӹף
·ӾƺҲʱͣһɫӾ㣬ȫƤʽɫµļʾ˵ʡ
ҿſžͺǺЦǳУԽ·ɵվڳرЦιʵЦʲô
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ŵ磿
ϹҰ㡣ҿܱˣɿð⼸֡
·ȫһ˲۹ɢĵᡣû˵һ֣ͷҵ촽ǳǳһǡ
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ʪϹ۽һˮ
֪Ƭ񾭾ҵԽˮǾһǣݲֻҺϹȻʡ
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·ʪأǰҲģԽԽʪæϰҵϡ۽Ǿ΢ЦţǸ޹Ǻǡ
˵ëҲᡣЦſɲǼ䣬ְͷϵĻþԭô򵥡ÿһ˶ѰһԼԼˡ
Ը⡣ʵ޻˵εε૵
ǺǣˡϹĺܰ·ֻظƽʱĶס
æ̧Ȧȥ첲ߵգץסҵĿҵҸѴ
ߣţߣȻǸ֣
ұһ˫صĻǵ̣ػһִֻš
ϢȥѲ˼Ȧ·ڰЦظҽкáֵҸһӾھƵģʢƵкüλԶפƬ̡
ˣϵͷҲɢˡɫ磬ĵĹ⾰·һƨϣһ̲Ƶģ˵ʲôҲҡֻӾرġ
ĵ磬īıԺ񾲵Ӿذߡ»еţȫůů⡣
ǰһеʱ⡣ǳǳĽŲҺͳ·ͬʱͷȥ
һʮкЦſǣͷϵİɫñӳ⡣ûҷӦ·ѾȻվЦųкȥ
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ͻȻкѹų·壬ֹȻؿ





19 

·кҹֹšɻؿһ·ͷɵЦ漴кҲŤͷسһۡ
ЩΣʲôףк˭ûмҲϹķСҲ²ţЦ߹·кߣܵѩλǳ°۵ĺõܵܡ
һȻкԭǳ·ĵܵܳ°ϹһμȻ¶ǵĳϣǺǣЩ˼һòЦ˵°Ǻǣ羭㣬һ٣Ǹ־С˧硣
°ֺǺǵأԴ˵󡪡ɩǺǣƯҮ磬øϡ˵ſų·ٺһЦ
ȥ°ܵǸĺ,ƤԵ90С˧͡ЦʳС
˳°ܵܵĻϲ·ȴһ³°ļ˵Ȼˣʲôʱ߹ۣٺ١ɩɩİ໨ϡ
Ϲ̫ſ˰ɣСܵǰȻ佱ɩɩǲе㲻ʱϹȻҺƯҪ͵͵ġ
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·ɫһ䣬мذһۡ°ܵһˣɩɩ˵иôǺǣǲǰ磿
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20 

صңĴϣһϮۣú·Ƕõ
һұȥ··סҵ֣ϷЦţûǸأ
һͷְʾԵԳţ㬺ȵûˡ
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21 ̸

ĬȻ˺þãûлش⡣¾۰ǳЦƺ֪Ҳ𡣱˴˶ĬȻһ˵ʵʺϡ
һĽš·壬ҵϹ鵽ƽǶôܰһ֡ȴƫƫ˵ʱô쳣ı
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װ˼ӣ˵ȥСɣҲϲȥ档
°һֿ˻ҲϲȥС棬Ѿֻ壺ģģ̫ˣû뵽ɩɩһϲã̫ˡ͸ȥһȥ棬ٺ١ˡ
°һ磬ҴȥҴңתʧ





22 

°һʧյĿˡ¾۹С¥ЦŨŨҵͷ죬ȴǵĻ⡣
˺һջĿ⣺㿴°ɰ𣿡
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ϵЦɷģ׼ϱû˿⡣˶壬ҲɸղŵűûЦ˵ˣȻȥ˯ɣ컹ҪСȥ档עⰲȫŶ
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ҹЦţһ仰Щ硣ת˲ֻıҫˬȥˡֱ·ذ󣺡ˣ𣿡





23 

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·塰衱ţѱתȦôÿģǺЦϹŲŻ
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ҪҲԵҿģ
ˣҶӲֻе㡭
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24 

һҿ൱ɣȵȵȣΪ绰Ѿ˺һҽͨ绰绰ͷġ
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ʲô㣿Ҿô磡
ûʱţ˸㣬Ӧýס£ٺ٣~ĵ˵
죬ٺ˵õģֻҪܰ˳ؼ޳ȥǲ˯ҲС
·һֱû뿪ҵţʱʱҵһڣ͵Сåҹҵ绰мۿϹʲô
Ϲ·װСӵ૵
װװΡҽߵȻмس
Ըȥ·Цᣬȴ棬ͽȻ꼻޾
ߡһƺϹе١˵ǰء漴˫ֽɵֻ׺۲ؿϹô
ϹааһЦ´תϡˮīɫң˼鶯
ţرġ
һ΢΢˿˿תηҵıҵСƨƨϣЩƲסĳ嶯Ҳѵ˵:Ūʲôӣߡ
ѵŲϲ𣿡
ǳЦĬȻ·תߡĵңеķƮϹ½˶ӣŽҹʳ
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˺þãҲɢ𴲡²֪£ͲôϾҴԻױôų·
ôˣ·عȫȻû˯ѵģ
Ҫȥˡһ˵һߴ¹·߹ȥÿıȻˡ
·ƺۣŬһŻععڴϣ͹ԵЦţϹȥĵǸɶģˣͣ
·һЦͷСܵܣ˲˹ȻϹҿ䣬һ䣬϶¡㽫ұϴݺѹ£аͼȻ
ϹϹˣˣʱ䡭ˡҼѵ˵Żˣ
·ͻȻͣ˵ٺ٣ſЦأΪϹǻ𣿰̾˿ˣϽʰһ£ȥɡ
ϲϹΪʱᣬʱˡ
סʱѾˣͷͳӭӣѽǿˡ죬죬Ͻϡ
˵ʶĻΪǼԺӡû񣬾ݹ·ԣΪɰ·
ҳɵؽӹ·ɣִˣʲôʱô¡ˣҽǴΣ㲻ҲǴУȥô²ˣ
ɵЦҲɵЦȥ̫ˣӦɲŮò仰ǵЩĽҺͳ·廻רҵװҲ
̻ȻӣַǷŮ䵱ˣ䵱żҵݡŮλμҺһȺͬѧȵȥһߺһߵ٩Ż绰ٱߵͬѧ͵͵аЦ
һĳԺ֣˻ƻ衣Ҳžͬһֶɫѣҡеرض
ߣƺǴһֻҺȵ̫࣬ͷһ˿ѡһԴס˵û뵽ôҲˣǺǡ
ʼ죬һ޿κεӡ
װٺ٣һСŮƵģƭƭС껹ɡҿǸ˹ȡ
Ǻǣô࣬ٺȵôˡ
Ҹ˰˾ҪȡȲܸˡ㶮ЩɢͷԲһ˿ѡ
ҶŮڼ޳ȥˣˣǲǣЦţ˼ʡ
ԡԼЦʮַ
һޱ߼ʵĿ٩ԵСٸ󣬳Ŀ϶İ׼ϹϹȶˣϹɫ۸ˡ٣ֵ룬ϧ·ƫƫϲɢҡ
ʵĶҸζƮƮȻĵ




25 

˲٣ʵġ§߶Ůڶ޳ȥܲˡ
ʲôʱСҺ統裬ٺ١ҹصϷСӣҵĻмһˡ
СһĿŵҵĸǺ˵ʱ䲻ˣҿСҲÿ¡˰ɡٺ٣ͦЧʵҵĸŮѽ
ѡŮ˵ޱۣԼӻҸҵĶӡҳݸһЦڻҪӡ
һ㶣漴ӦŶ˵ɣŪӣ棬鷳
ͻȻŵĺܵͣҶߣ˽ˡ
ͣȴܸܵǷá˵꣬Ц۲Ȼͷ͵һͻȻѹôż顣ԭҳ˵ģЦİɡ
Ȼġûԥɴص
ߺߡǵˡҹؿĿٳٲƿ
û뵽һҲ͵͵˵ˣôҶ֪¡
֪ǲ鷳ˣ¸ûûˡ°ɡۣܲˡǻСΰˣ
£У
ֻǽЦ
ͻȻЩĪĽҲûãӹۡҺͳ·ʲôʱҲҪӣӵСӣǲҲͦ塣
Ȼ̾ϢһŨŨĽ֮ԾȻϡЦڨڨ˵̾ʲôͳ·ҲҪһôˣѧУʱ򣬾µ˵ȱҵаŮСаһȺôήˣ
ҲܿǰȫȻûаľ˵Ů󣬷һŮå
걲ӵˣ˭ǵáοҪҲû취
ҵĻĵ˲ɢ˵˶ϲ㲻ϲļһ˵ž͡ߡһЩߵؼ˵֪еʱ򣬰
ƺеŮ˶˸У˲Ϣ䡣û˵꣬һĮȻۡ
ˣû˼ٺ١Ҹ첲סתƵķĻ⡣
ʵм¡һֱû㡣֪ǲϧЩˣҲĳҸȤµ٩һѿڶȴǱͷľʯ
ʲô飿ǰʲô˵ġƺҵĻܸȤɫҲ˺ܶࡣ
ĵЩ飬֪òðѳ¾۵¸Щ죬סڳ¾۵ĺլҹҹλصĹ⾰Ƕο̹ǵʱֻҺ;˲ʵʵᡣ
ڴѧΪֻоһĵѡЩܻġǣΣͬСɡҲǲ֪ô˵ϾԼĹ
ô㣿һ£ʲôأɵѾͷٺ١
ҿžɾЦͷһÿôȫȻһŮӡСҲٺȻţˡ
ǴϿԼĸУԼЩֵŮʱ⡣
ôˣ´ҵĺ󱳣漴§סңʡ
һعǿЦЦ˵϶š
ʲô飬˵ƺȶˣôµء˵˵ʲô£Ͻ㡣Ȼ˵ţӺԸȻ¶
˼룬ϸ˵֪ҹ˭ô
ûӦ䶢ңʲôʲô㹫
ҵͷ
Ȼǳ·ְˣǲǺȶˣѲ㹫ɮɣȻдԽߺߣѵ£





26 

üͷҶ˶٣֧֧˵㻹ǵǸϰ𣿡
һ͵һǻ㵣˵Ҳüͷһءʧģ
ĬĬһ񾲵Ķƺŵ̫գûз磬û¶ȣûκθ顣
ôɻؿңŨױڸǲסصľ㵡
û˵Լɫ϶ѿ֮أԻ˭ֻ뵽ء֪Һͳ·Ͳ顭
Ҳ˵Ǿȵؿҡ֫ϵֱȥݵСӼȻţŻɱúðһ
˭֪֮ڵŮ
ãĬ
ǡ·֪𣿡
ҲڴϣѤõ컨壺֪
ŶûôǺǣſģֻ֪ʹϰ㹫Σǰ¹ȥ͹ȥˣǸˣµġҶ˵š
ͷȴ쳣ơ
ˣôˡҵͷȥˣҲûáԺúùʲôǿ
ҿЦǿľĵӿһϪʹĿͷʹ
Ҫſ˵šˡһ򿪡
һƱǺǵүǻһʱȻֻ§žûӦͱһ˫æŤͷԭǳ·ҡұֱϵСͬ
ôˣҲʳ·塣
Ǻǣȶˣ˼ֶ߸ʲôǶ˺ˣۻؼҰɣ춼ˡ·ңλ
·ͻȻʶæʣô࣬һ
·ЦؿңŨŨԵСζʮ㣺Ǻǣģġ·ԹԿСͬһ·˳ؼҺլ
ҵĵǶģ˼࣬ǻᱣһ˿ѡŮôˣȥԼһѵء
ߵſڣšż·һ⣬æģôô࡭Ż˸·ʰ£ȫȻһСʵ۵ĸʽ
ҲվϹߣȴһûʺҡЩСʧ䡣Ͼ˼ҵ׶ӣϱٺ٣Ҫඣ
ĵʧ䣬ܵܳ°ͻȻߵߡʵɩɩô࣬𣿺ȵ׽ưɡ
һ£ų°ŵС룬ﰵСӻͦòҲǰõܵܣɩɩŶ
Цղõؽӹףллһϸϸ˼ڡ漴͵ϹߣȴϹٶ䡣С롰ॡһˤˡ
źͳ°ŵһӦǺȴ˵ԵʣӦٶۣһſŵϵƬһЦ
æشɨϵƬ֪ʲôʱ°ֶһ״յߣٺЩɡ
Ҳ˼ؽӹС룬ɫȻ졣ǡĵܵʵϲ·˺üΣһԵĵûûˡҺȳ°һҲ岻֡żȻ˵仰Ҳǿ׵ĺѡ
˺һ·ŰȵڴϲϢҲϴһڴϡ⵭࣬٣°ģȻ֪ܽơǰ;ǰ;
·˯ҶһѵšŸղŸ˵Ļ΢΢ЩҡһЩȥĹ⾰Żķ˼
ͳ¾۳ĳһеӰպӳǰ
ԴӺ;һͬ﹤һܺڰ׵ߵǶԳĹָơҲԽԽ˵θڡÿһӻӣûвġҵĶȻԽԽ
Ȼÿصסжױһ˶žľľǣѾν





27 

ҹ룬ŨҵҾȻЩʧߡԴ͵ģȥĹ⾰
ȥ죬Һ;ҹûϰǳէԭһһڣһֱ䵱ССϺĽɫſ˺Ⱦ죬СǮֻ˶ѡ
ҲûйÿѾ㡣ȻżȻ룬չһЩµҵ񣬴Щ飬ÿÿ뵽۲ƣҲȴ
﹤ĵڰ죬ҹһ⾰ԴѣΣʮַθر䡣տײ㣬ϡһС
æȥ
Ҹ߳ͷæЦǸԲԲҲǹġ
ܸоʱҵľȡû˵߿ߡС˺ü
Ҳûж룬İĮһЦֱܵҪղ˺˲ơƣֺЩ׵ġȻѧҵĺǽ÷ʱڣǿ಻ԡ
ҡҡληǽߵſڡ룬Щɢ
ڲŻһࡣƬ̾ʹ򿪲šʱ̫࣬á
ƿ飬ŲǲȵȻײһϡײ˼ϣȴϡһ
Ǹվ
ҷӦæ̧ͷǸԲ𣬶Բ𡣡
Ǹ˲û˵վǰһʱֵ֣̿طʱ̶ҪСģһλˣԼܵġ
æͷȫȻһСȫȻûһ𣬼ǸԲҲġ
ĵʲôʧһ糾Ů˵һȥ
Ǹ˶ʱӦЦǺǵ˵ûϵûϵʣʮ㡣
꣬Сƽͷ˿Ũڣһϰװ硣ȻһѰֵЦǸһ£뿪
ֻǴһһϵСӣ˻ȡЦҵװޣǵǻ˻겻ᡣ
صһڳ裬˺ŻλѾᵹɳϡóʾڳĿˡ
һЦߵߡ
ž߳ţӵСͬ谵ĵƹ⣬谵ǳֻķм˿ѡ
ž֣΢΢߳ͬߵֿڣпһ˱ͦվڽֿڲԶɵЦ
ٺһ£Ǹ˵ô㲻˯վ
Ǻǣ¸ջߵǡ
ϵʲô£СȥĶȥˣʵɤźߵǸߡ
Сϸһװ磬Цôȥ
ȻˡصĪǻͷλ𣿡
ҺСϸͬʱЦҿСϸ磬˵ɫãȾˣ
һû¡ǻȥɡҲû¡
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˵žߵСϸĦкߣҲȥСϸЦ˵㼱ġ
Դֻ֮棬ں̨ҴҲѡƸȻڵĺܡÿμͷһůƼˮСӣӡܺá
Ƕϧĵطɡ
󣬱žСϸ硣޺˸ĽС
峿ķЩѾŵĺ˿Է￪㷢ǳĿԣҵǰƮżȻ۾ߣʹ
м䣬ֵشſڣһСå
صסСϸ٩˼͸ٲѰ˵緹ȥЩͻ˯ȥ˯𣬻һ졣
ӣô򵥡
תطҹʮ֣ŵĳУΨɡ
һں̨Ⱥź̵Ĵǽȴ쳣ֱ֣ҹĪԼɫ
Ұ̾ϢţСŭϸϸӿӣ
꣬ͷһۡԼһ㡣
ĵʱ̫·˰СʱڴѾõĺڳֱ֡ߵߣЦд⡣
һֺǱ飬϶ĺ¡æվβȥĽһƬ
λǴ㡭ܲܵסˡð𻨣ϲ֮ɫԱ˵Ҳ֣ôأ컯컯
ͷȻģǮһǸ㡣ֻǺ˵ġ㡱ҷѽ⡣
˵Ѿ߼ſڡЦã׵ճĭ





28 

﹤˾죬һûн߼ԭܼ򵥣ЩէëëϺֻгʣķݡ
ҽȥҴˡֻʣˡ
ĹѾҶԼҵҽЦ㡱ߴȥ
ڵƹģսŵʱûпģյ߲ϳԭǸԼڲſڳײϰ塣
Цʱֹͣ뾲Ĭ
ؿңסţվšһϰ壬һˡһˣһŮˡһѰֵĴ㣬һֵСϺ
ɡָԱߵλ˵
ллڰɳϣб
һְҵشǰȥȴڨһ£Ȼֺù˿ͣԲù˿͵Ļġǣȴ쳣ĵ׵ģҲֺʵҲӺ˵
ָоֵֹģСӼ˳һֲŭѹ
Ĭһ˵Ƽ
һֱηһԵҹɵػش𣺡š򵥵һʹΡ
ʵغǺЦ£ܺ˵Ǹģ
Ȼ˽⣬ĺĺڣ¿ζ϶ķŹٴҵĳײ϶ҵϵ׵һ
š
ҶԼЩɣôˣֺֺôҰԼŬ񣬻ظĽӿͷ緶,һƱ
ʼղֱħʹҵӣʹҵһһֲòְҵı֣ûв졣
˵ڶѧ
ŵոʱ仰ʹһǣѾᱻֺɳӰĻʹҲԽԽʯĳˣҲҳɳˡ
ҾȻûлشʻزʶðǸ˵Բ˵ˡ
ûû£û¡Ҽæᣬղֻһʱû뵽ȻΪԼð
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ǺǣǺЩϰɣƺȶ˶岻á˹˵
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ҵ˰뱭ϣŵǰ
ƹĵİᣬֻҡ
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ֲҪɣҲҪɡ
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ʱֻǸŮӣʼնûʱ
Ტʾǿʹಢʾ׷䣬ٻ벢ųĮ

£ʵ
˲飬һ£˼˵ûУԲЦˡ
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ţʱ˲飬ǱٵĿǺǡͰ˵ţʿԣ˻ɲá
ҶЩȻ𾴣ԭƫɢ˴롣ҲּƷµȣӦǰߡ˼ܵشĦ
˲٣ЩĵǲѡĶȡػȻ˽Ŀǰηӡ
ǺЦһھƣ㻹ôǫ飬ҶĶЩŶ⣬ôȡǺǣϲıأ
а̾ĪǶԣҸѧ̸̸е룿ⲻɵñ
㷭ûϲġҵ˵һ䣬潥ǢģСƽͷŨܵĺڷٶһ˵òֻǽȥӾӡ
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ͷһȻȸˣһܵŻ£Żײ
š£ʵڶԲ𡭡ϸϸǸ˵
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ҲЦһԵЦ
Ƣáſڿ
𣿺Ǻǣ㻹˽ңһ˽Ƣһ
ԳɵЦ涺
˵ʵЦԣֻҵһ˿ͣûҪ˽һ˿͵ĺƢֻҪ˽ϲþͳɡȻҹܵѰѵǹ⾭ģ
ȵϣ˵ָűӣҵ
Ǻǣлл
ѺһСϣͻȻ⣬ʵôһˣôûҸ
ⲻôһѪŪʱչ̣ҿƹ谵ڲҵĲ
ǺǡЦûлش
ҿԸоĵӦĿġ





29 ϲѶ

ڶ쳣ֻʱ䡣ʮˣ
ҾһæÿҪ߿أ·岻ɡ
쵰Ҳңһֲ֪ĶȥˡﲻŪ㡣޷ˣߣ
ӹϹϴ赭дһ£ˡš
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ɩһˣתһ
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ŶЦ
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ôһ˵ҶͻȻһҲ˼ЦЦ°װûɦɦͷ
һȵ緹ٳ԰ɡҶһ£ȻԼ̫ûòˣ˵ôûûõܵܽݣЪһɡ
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ҳۻҵĻϷʮֹŵҰϷСԼQQ
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ܿ죬ԷӦŶǺǡǰ˯
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°˲սƵأôҲҴ򷢵ĵؿ˻šӹиͣζ
ҶӺʳʱ򣬳°Ŷ룬Цӯӯɾ⡣ؼǣﻹһģ˱Ƕ˶ʱȴգֻسһ١ʲôĵϡضɽҡԱӲ
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ҿɲɧīͣ¶ʱܰŪ±īǲһ¡ϴѧʱ򣬿Ͼʱɡ񣬶Ҳߡ治֪ǲźá

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ȱһֻ˸油ϡĴѧģҵĴ齫ҲʢǰҪǫһԣҳѺŲ
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30 

˯ʱٸ㣬ٺ٣ȥԵ㷹
Ϲϼæһ£ŲҴҵ˳ȥһˣܻȻһڴһʮġⲽ㱡·壬ģʲôϢҪȵ˯ʱ˵ӵɻ
Уơԭѧôġ
ϹѾʮ㡣һ˲ڴϣճշеŭջͰһԹ
ţϣơ̫ˣϹȤضҡ
Щѽ⣬ͷԼŵƣú֮˵˾ˣֻҪŮˣûвԵġ
𣿡΢΢պ۾˯ĴҲ߸ȫȻһ˯˵ơղǸɢȣˡˣ
ʱϹаЦˮɫԵؿңˡ
ܲԼҲöģûɧǰװ׶Լˡ
ϹҪ𣿡ҽ˵漴ͷ촽۾ɢ˵ĹâϹУ
ӸƨУϹû˿ûʩչ˷ѾѳֲסһԾϴҰ¡
ѽ~һ
ϹѽϹѹˡҴȱϹѹúʹæϹͣ
·˲䷴ӦæϹйػôˣôˣѽԲ𣬶Բš
ϹػǵҹЦ㻹żߡ
㻹ЦңֻȻ𣿡
ڲˣղܲˣǺǡһ֪Ҳ֪ЪϢϡ֪㲻֣ѵĿ԰ͼӲǸ
ٺ٣СŬϴͽ˱ϹɧɧЦţⲻŸûϰЩˡҪϰˣٺ١
ϹƣŪҲԽ
㻨Ӷࡣˣ㲻˵кϢʲôҰѱϣ˳˵Ϲ
ͷңɫԵӡ͵Ц£
񾭲ԭɵ˲䱬£
ûȭͷֵϣϹѾֿؽεعסɧɧ˵ϣСͬѧˣٺ٣Ϲ𣿡
ʧʧܣٴζٴΣҵļͥʧĻ˭ԼǸСŮء
ӲļȻʧˣǾ¡ϹϲһףԲˬ
˲䣬ҡһ䡣
Ϲ~Ϲ~ƮϹĶ䣬ϸһ罫ϹϲǸʱӣôӢֻۣǣӢ۴ԱƱģŽסҹȽۣϻô
Ż¡ԼҲΪ֮Ż£ǺǣҪϹҪŻҲҪӭѶϡҲ̫ΰ˰ɣ
Ϲʵ̼ܲ΢΢񾫹ʢƺҪڶ
šϹֻ˵֣촽Ѿݺҵ촽ϡ
һǣܰ㣬ƮȻ
´ϹԻ嶯Ŀ˵ղ˵ĺϢʲôˣź֪
ϹааһЦֹЦ˵϶²ɵҸ㡭ҵĶߣǻңȥĸ
һʱȻһ飬ʵ׵ˡ
ϾѾкüûлȥԼҲϡͿ˹ˡδЩ治ҲТϹȥ裬ϲŹ֡
Ҹ˵üҪ˷ܵզզյϹߣЦϹã
ϹֺǵƨƨߵģɵЦҸ鸡գ˵ϹˣԺúϹĻŶ
ҹ˳ɵЦšͷ򵥵һ֣·Ҹ񲨵ϲѡ
Ϲ˹ɣ§ҵĸ첲˼֣شյҶߣһϢ벻
Ҿȵ̧ͷͷһʣУʲô˵ҺһСӣĿϹ
ϹĬȻƬ̣ճյؿҡ۲תкǵ١
ţȥң۾ȥΡ˵Ρ͵ͣȴ
һ飬һ¶һ˿ůʲôůůķʲôʽӣʲôϢȴůѡ
ĬȻǰ̤ʵǰ˲Ƭ̡
Ϲƣɳ̫ţ㻹𣿡
϶ġ





31 

ߣ컬࡭һ
ϹȻаصϸŲϲô
ûлشֻǽĵؿŵ粻
ϹĿҫҫ޾кƻֺҵϡͣį˭֪˻һҲֻĹǿֵİɡ
һ޹
ڶ죬·˼ţȥﱸؼ̽׺ԶΡתһˣԹԹҲ֪һжʱ̣Ҳǣ֪ǲʱԼʧȥ롣˲䣬Լ·һֻ£ϹԻȵСƭӡ

һҿг°ϵܹ棬ȻƶҲȤҴ齫ǰ㣬ϲشյһ飬齫Ϸ겻Ϊ󱲣Ȼǫá鲻ֺ͵ʱʱǳЦʶ˻ǡ
СѩûУһ齫һѯҡ
СѩͷһǺǣƺÿɰŻȻ졣ͷһůϹԼ˵Ļؼ̽׺ΡҲЦ˵֪ˣ·ˡ
ЦǺǵ˵ǾͺãǾͺá飬ѻˣٰŸڼǵģǺǡ
һ𣬶ŵĻѽ⡣Ȼ֮ǰŸᵽ˵ٰ飬ǵ˵ʵⲻ͸
żұ龪ȣ˵ôˣǺǡ
ɩܲôҽ飬ٺ٣һ˵ιȥܵܳ°ƤЦ˵
ŹЦһ£ǵ˷ܾþȴŶӳ°˵ˣúöɡȵʱˣȻֵġ
˵䣬Ŀڶӳ°ɫҸ֮ɫҫҫԣ˲Ľѡ
ɻŸո˵ΪǾٰ񣿣Ϲû˵ҳɶȵؿţ૵񣿡
Ҳҵı֣ǵЦȻˣҸְ׵ˡλΪǲٰΪҺùŶû˼ǲ
ˣȻ־ϲ·壬ȻôҪҡͻȻϮٺ١Ϲá
񲻶֡һλѩһλɣ߽ʥĵá
ɩɩʼˡܵܳ°ʽе
ҡŶһعźͳ°λ˶͵Цղɹֽ̣ϲص͵ͷ
ûô߹ˣ
Ϲ͹ûлѾ֪Ϲȥʱæǵ飬вûǰҸζһһռķġ
ĥصңȻǹ¹µһˡڴ㶷컨ϵĲɫƹĿѣԣԭҸľߡεô
ߴµҸ
Ѻ˵롣ֻǳ¾۵Ķš첻ĩôţ
æ򿪣ֻȻдż֣ڣԺͤ
ҽڴϣ˼ε֪ʱԼǺ¡סլҲһʱˣĹϵƽƽ˭Ҳߡͷһ˿ңɻվ¥ȥ
㿴һİıӰ֮ͤڡҽŲͤ۹ҲûʲôɵʲôĤ
°ɡ¾ȴѹĺܵ͡
£ʯϵ˿˿ת塣»ˮҹյ˭֪֮£ÿ췢ʲô˵ء
ûҿֻǵͷΪƽϢģʱȴӿĪǣһʲôŲ£Īǣһϯ֮أ
˵˰ɣ
ţ˵ˡҲǰ˵ġ
ǺǡƣƺĴžҹЦɬ·˵ĿԡЦζ޳С
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˭ǣ绨ѩ֮ײżһ̸֪ģʵ˵ģƬƬܰ̲ķ
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س˿¶
ҲɡȻ˵һ̾Ϣ
˿ɹͷĿƿһۣ˵һȥɡתߡ
һ㶣һȣ
һعͷ¹£һӰϢıȴƺȻӲչǰ
ǣҿ





32 

ѵΪ˵Щ䡣
ĬȻƬ̣ȴһתӣߵߡ
ڹĺ𣿡
ֱֱңǰҵĶһ㡣Ƶһʣ˲ÿ˳Ѿõ顣
ɼ̧ͷôϤ
Һܺá
һ΢΢ЦԼݶ֪һõԼ뵽ġҲ硭ֻǣû뵽ѾõҸȴߡ
»䣬ʸԶһԵʱս᣿һ˼ʱȴĲ£ȴа񡣳ʹĪڴ˰ɡ
˵֮ʣһҹۣǰУ
˵ˡҶϺһ˵ձ䡣
Ȼͣɫӵؿҡ΢΢ſǻҪ˵ȥȴǵؿסƿĺҹ
ңſ˲䱩¶ʲ֮䣬˺ѷεĸоȻ޴ӡ
ֻϣĺá
ڹĺܺãҺܺã֪֪֪ںܺãҡһ˷ʲôԣôˣôˣֻйôһԺң£ǰһСףףʧȥǣҶ˵
㶳һľȡ
þõ
ҵһƬģͷǧݺݴ̽ȥʹӿĮȻ֮ͤ¡ҹϰϰĴҡڡ
ĬУƺмʪʪĶա
ûŤͷתͳͤܡŲԶȴקסƼѩѵһֱôΪѵ㿴һֱôУûйң
絶沿˿˿չǺܾúܾû˰ɡӵйʱ⣬˭ǣֻǴʱ˵أѾͬҲزǰ֪֪
ҵֱţůرĸоǣдһǵңӲ˦Ҵܿ
ܵҵʱһ·ϾûпһˡлңǳƵĿ
ԴءҲ֪Ѻ㣬Ϲػһɵڴϣֹģ߶Щʲô
Ϲ·ʰһԼҲһȥϴ˯˹ȥڶϹѾشź࣬㶯
Ȼ¾Щִ˯һҲȴ˴롣һ飬µһ졣Ϲѵʱ򣬵ܵܳ°ùȥ͡Ϲֹһڴϲܵܳ°Цߵߣ˵ɩȵȰа취
һʱȻ°һĹЦ϶ʲô⡣
°һܳңûñƤЦܽҼۣ漴մߣŵļëڳ·Ľٺ٣ٺ١
ʱ·һԾٿ
ѽ·е
Һ͵ܵܳ°ٺɵЦţųϹ

⼸ϹһֱæŻؼ̽ĸԶε飬ڼҡҲź͵ܵܣĵĹպŴ򷢵ˡ
ϵ绰СӽϵĲοӲ׽
ҺϹͷ۵ǣ֪ȥĶΡݴأ嫽ͻȻҪԶΣЩ֪롣ҲȥһЩ羰ɽǣںͷɽֲҰǲҲһζ
㲻ȥζ£ֻҪһÿʱܹؿŶԷճյЦɵɵ롭ѾҸˡ




33 СǮ

ůɫ峿ϣƺҲһһؿ·徫رǣһᵽҪؼĸѪҲѹ֣ԴԺδҵ衣
Ůһκĸ棬ŲŹ֣
·ҵ֣ϵĽ֮ɫЦͣ
ѩ˵ϲʲôȵǶ˶
ϣ㻹ͦТ˳ҵЦؿ
ٺһҵֶ˶ǵȻһμ裬ȻҪúùάһඡ
裿Ȼ
԰裡·ɬ˵Ƥĺȿ֪
ЦǺǣǰǰ裬衣
ǻϰƺ裿СֻΪ˹ˮƽӡôͻȻ䣬ðһ䡰ǵ衱ЩͲϰߡ
ҿЦϹĵײɷһȳҲ˲䷺
Сʱͣ˵Ļʣְʲôʱ˵ͻ𣿡
ȻЦţָҵСӣϸ˵ˣְͻöóԵĶ
˷ܵصͷ§ס衣
ʱۣȵҳʱ涵ظʵѾǸ¶Сӡ飬֪֡
һƣ°žæŽҵʱѽڳæµšһڵķˣȻǰ
ӣؿˣؿǰҡ۹˷룬أǾһ˿Ц⡣
ϣôСôˣСš
һЦ˵裬Ժÿ춼ÿ춼ҳԵķòð
費Ĭá
һӵõڹ͡һЦݣջ
ʮң裬ϸʡ˵磬ͻȻôܰ

⻮ա
ѩѩ·ŤͷңĵʵôˣǺǣŮӾŮӣ˼һˡ
Ϲᣬ˿ûֵ˼ʵؿһʱ˵·æͳҲᡣȺ֣ɢҸ㡣
ɳڸ·ϣٹ·̣Զ
ҵģȴкƷɼߣĶ鷳ϴѧʱ§ĲӣǮˣһǮ˵
Ŀƣˣúѧɣܶϲľˡ
ŭֵص裺ϣ裬˵ģĶô˼Ҷˣٺ١Ǯˣ϶Ҫȥһһ´
ɫɺͰðɣҾ͵ŰɡָšҵСӡܸоĵֲָࡣ
·һѽ§ڻָҵĶ̷ˣϾͼˡ
һƬůϹҲ̫˰ɣȫȻǰ߿λ˾ٺ٣治߹⡣Сܵأ˼ܵˡ
ĵ࣬ڻΥĹ硣ѾŹأȶȡ򷢵˾Ϲҵ֣ææܵڽ̳
С˫ֶòˣϹؽкš
ֽ飬ధϹôĸ൱ƣôѾ˼ͳɣαҪ񣿼ⰡǺǡô˵ȴʵˡӻֻ˸˧ŮôТ˳ϣͿɰҪ
̨ܵ˵ʱ˵һųĵݣĿɿڴѽСѪϹȴЦһԵ֡ޱ˷ܵӡ
СǮһ仰Ҵ򷢵ˡȻǮˣûӣǮˮҰ̾ϢţȴѹƲס˷ܵĸоֺǺǵϹؼҡ
һ·ģĿĵء
˵Ҽ裬һ˵ʲô·Щš
ЩβˣƽʱһηôߵˣЦشյĶߣȻȺˡ
·һתǳЦŶġ
¥¥ԭҸǻȡˣУ
þúþûлԼվżſڡ֪ԼͻȻ᲻ᱻŵءϲǵЦ޼ɵſ·ȻģһƷȴɵ
Īԥһ£ᰴ塣ᣬƮƮǺһȻСھĬȻҹȻͻȻԶĵ
ҾǸСˡһ򿪡ڵˣ





34 

һ죬鶴һλòƤԺڵ긾ŮվǰɣƬ̣ʵ˭
ҺϹλŮЩѽؼʣ˭
ػһ¥¥ǽϺȻһơ¥
亹ֱð˼سŰڨڨЦٺ٣˼ߴˣ˼Ϲվһ࣬ʱȻͷ֮ɫԡ
긾ŮůһЦŶû¡漴ϡ
ЦؿϹѾòӡϹɫصңСӣԼҶʶˡ
û첽¥ذ塣Ϲڵظһĳ
šĿԵ˲䣬һ¡ᶶССѩ
ٺ٣裬ҰѸߣɷ˵𼱻ǰ㱧ס衣
ھȣòŻع§סҵСɻʣ㲻˵ôôھͻˣҲǰһߣСһֱ
֣޹ػ֮ѾԾȻͷ
һϲѵ費ϣ軳
һۣĿתƵ·ϡŤͷЩʴӵϹǸȵɵ̲סЦ·ŴСͷϵĺǽ沿ǰδеĹ졣ĸųèˣ
λǡǳ·ɣɿңǰλʵ
·Ц̬ػش𣺡ţǳ·塭Ϲһֹĺ̬ɫ糺졣
Ƚ˵˵ЦӲӵذӭšæˮݸ·壬·ôԶ϶ۻ˰ɣ
·æӹˮЦݵɳ죺۲ۣ΢һЩǺǡƽһͭûûƤϹ˿̾Ȼɺһֻ˯Сè
Сѩ⺢ӣ˵Żģ벻΢ؿһۣкͰؿɽĳ·壬ƻҸһɡ
·лĸԼƻ治Բĸٺ٣Ż
衪ҰԼߡùֲˡ
һ۳·壬شյߣŮܽŶԼһŮҵŮô
ǺһЦɫԺ˼֣Ŀעһ¸չŵŮЦŨ
ͻȻվ˷ܣЦų·˵Ϣһȥˡ
ϣ裬Ҹջʲôȥæס֡
һǽϵı̣૵ߵˣ˾û˵ˡһˣЪһɡ˵ţԴḧһ¡
Ϥůڷ˿ʡСһལѽѽһˣͺúЪŰɡȥ򡭡
΢Цؿҡ
ģ֪ȥĶ򣬺ٺ١ŮĻ죬Ͼͻ
أ·ɿ˼й죬һֻС顣
ҸЦ·ߣ˽ôţƽʱǸûûƤľĶȥˡٺ٣һｵһĸС
·ЦȻɫ࣬ȴǱġధ㣬һȥ˰ɡҲҡٺ٣Ŵˣ
һͷ裬ȻתͷװʲôҲûпղŷ͵Ц
СµСͬѧͬ˵
һߵߣ˼䣬ų·ߡ
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͵һ𣬰ϣľͷôͻȻˡ
Ц౵˵ţúã㡣
裬Ͼͻ
ǣϹ֣ڹĽϣֱгг·̡ջƣĺɫɢصƹ⣬ϡ
˲䣬ִһ̬ӵͷţ˴˲ǣȴ߬ŶԷ֡һһڻһӵĵطҹɫҲģ·ƺֻʣˣ⡱ĽŲƮƮ
ιղţǲ̫ǸˣڻþеͻȻϹѡ
Ŷʲô
ҸղǲԵúľϹظ
ľǺǣ䲻û뵽Ҳкߵʱ򡭡ҵƤؿϹ
Ϲɫһƺֲ˼˦ŵ֣˵˵ģһμ裬ܲô
һһ衯еĵô˾˵ˡߣ
ϹԴɣϾǵһ
һΡȫһ鲻ԽϹĵһԼᡣϡͿضУ԰ص٩أסҵֱ֡Ӷұף黰˵ǱҾȻԹԵظˡ˵ίЩǺǡ
ַʲô㶰Ϲͷϵһ£Цؿҡ
ûֻһΡ
һû˵꣬Ϲ׵һΣǵĵһΣڶҹɣٺ١
ƶ죡һƴıϡ໡һҽУҲóǹҿЦ
ˣˣϹԹԵء·ʱЦ
üëһֵ˵ߣСʶࡣڿǱصؽ磬㻹Ұߣߣߡ
Ƭ̣ҺϹЦڽϣʱ·ϴҲϴİۡ
Ľˣ





35 ҹ̸

ˣůǰǡǡس·Ѿ˺ö࣬ôšеһС塱һڡСѩ۽ǵƺҲࡣ
·Сӻͦʶ࣬ץ׼ʱڡ
裬ˣСѩˡ
裬Եˣܺõġ
衭ѩҲ԰ôôֵؿң
žÿϹͷһ¡ϡһҽУ漴Цؿң˼һ衣
ˣǺǡ̲ס͵ЦæúóԷ
ұһۣаߣСӣ֣
극Ϲ岻ݴǵضеϴ̡ƽʱڡҸһšסŵʱҲûô͡ĸǰװһ˵ģα¼
΢һұϹ򷢻ҡҺ굽һ§ңĵ͵˽
Сѩһỽؿң̲ûȴܿóʳѣůůġ
裬ôˣһ߰СƤ̧ͷЩɬǱʲôһ㣬ġ
ڹôȻˣûҵ
ͷһʵڳ·ļͥ軹Ȼ֪ڽǰǰѳ·˵ͷͷǵԴԼܺãرڿ¸ҡйͶӵеƷʣͳͳϹϰ
ǣȵ󣬲ŷ֣ԭôҡҲûü˵Щ
ܺðûҵٺ١
üͷһ壬¶֮ɫûôɣģС
衪ҽضĻõӦúܿˡٺ٣
ûȥҾ͸æƿ⣺ôܸоĳǰһЩ
ȻһЦİɣëˣµġˣ·ȥʵġ
аЦʵٺ٣˹ȻһòȻȴһɧɧааġ
аɡҾȻЦЦ
Ǻһ£סҵС֣ǺúùɣϵˡӹǺ
ؿ裬ŵ裬ﰲٺˣͽȥ
æסҵ죬˵ôˣҹĺܺǺǣڻμһţÿıأͦ˼ġ
ͷһݡ֪˵ʲôЩ꣬ôѧҵ󣬿ԷһݹȵذӹȥһҼҸǣ첻ԸʵǲЩ
ЦЦת˲һŮģ軳˲ͻصͯ꣬һˣһĸŮ¿񵭵꾰

Сѩʱ䲻ˣȥ˯ɡ
ˣһ˯ٺ١þû㡭
ǺЦţְǹػ˵·һˣ಻ˡ
ұ죬ƲֵӡЦڨڨҵĺ󱳣ˣˣȥɡԶǿͣȻֱ˴ˣԼҲǻ¡Ǻǣȥȥɡںú˵˵
һ˵һ߰ơҿɥرҡ߽ԼңһȦȻûϹ
ҹģʲôĪϲˣҵŽżСؿȥҴҵĶôõľѵңϹ϶ʲôı
񾼾Ϲٺ٣ڽУб¾ʹѽȻϺӲȴԽпࡣϹǸıĺ꣬ȥˡ
͵ͣţιϹĶѽЦˡţȴٳٲ
Ȼ֣̿ȴûסԼУмС˷ܡҽŲᣬߴĴķ紵ݶ
Ϲ~~أҺ°
ЩСգҵĵ̣㻹һף治֪ߵغ





36 

Ϲ~~ҺŶ~~
ţȴʼûϹӰѵ񾭹´Ϲ뷨ûʲôè塣ҲǣͷһεҼȻûô󵨣ڷͷʺ
һ룬ҵӴ˼֣ŲҲȻִһ飺Ϲڲڣ
ûлͷһġھΥСϡӣòԡϹϲΪʲôôҲ
ʺţ˽⣬ϹԵ޹ʵʧôõģ񡣸οѾôˣĶȥء
´ܵСϣ͵ߡ
һ˲䣬ҼϹᵹͰϣ˯㡭ҵ죬ҾȵؿԴܺ̾šʺһѡ
ҸҪȴһѵлѵһٺ٣ô졣ڲˡѵģѲҹֻصЦţת߻ҡ
ȻҸһԵۣ߽Ѿڴϣ۹һЩҲ˵ɵ߾ûϢ
ղװ˯û뵽Ϲ޶ԡĪҵĵ̣ͻȻͼˣ
ϣãһңôĪźϹǸٺ١鲻Խ鲻Խ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ糿æһ졣ᶯӣϹ壬ϹҰ㣡Ĭһ˯ȥ
ڶ죬·ѵĺ硣һһ죺ȥȥ
ҹۣĿش˵Ϲûб絽
·㶳񣬺Ц˵ֹǱ絽һͷԼĿ貿ҡޡһ
˵ֹƳһܣааЦţ˲꣡
˴ϹĳġԡԶԡǻӣ鰡
٩˼䣬ܵңûڡܵûڡڿⲽԴȥˣʲôʱֺϰߣ
Ϲ߹ʣôˣӣˣô˵衱ֵʱۡ
ҡҡͷûڼңӦóȥ˰ɡ
Ϲͷ漴Ŀһаɵߣһѽұʢ˵˵šϣǲǼڲҿǼ߿
סϹĲӣ˵ôٺ٣ϲζܴɡһΪ˯أԭƭҡҪߣ
Ϲ߽ң˵ǵȻ˵Ϲ˭ߺߣڼȻˣѹ졣׻˵һ֮ڳţƣһһڴϣϣǵҺϸ̽һЩ⡣
̽⣿ʲôأҽŻʵǹ˼һ˽⣿
Ϲҷŵϣ´ƨɣ˵Ȼ̽һ¹ΪʲôҪڴϣΪʲôҪ
Ҫ̧ͷȥϹԴ뷴ӳսס
šϹһУɷ˵Ͱ촽ཻһůõϰѸٹ
ϹһƥԴ󷢵ޣֻĴ롣ȫҲһ
Ϲ㡭û˵꣬Ϲ͡ꡱһʾҲҪ˵
һʱ䣬ҾġϹ䡣͸ղǸ¹޵ȫȻͬͷֹʲô
ϣϹ̾һ˵ˣ
Ҳ䣬ϸȻڰ塣ڵһܵſڡżЦǺǵؿҡ
˴ԿסһˣЩ
æӹһ˵˵һľҲˣΪ㳿ȥءԭˡ¾ȥ𣿸ɿŮ·
ǺЦ·ô߳ЦʵʲôôЦ
ЦݣͰؿŮ·һʱЩ֪룬תҡЦŴȻǿ佱Ůඣ
·Ȼɫ΢졣
ˣˣǺǡҸȥ϶˰ɣ
緹ȥϰࡣԼˣҪ軹ǰԼءεšۿ¥ĪرЩᡣһֱһݼ򵥵ĹÿҲǿá
ţɳϣ˴ؿӡĪЩ䣬˵ЦϹЩŹ֣ҵļ򣺡ѩôˣ
һתͷ죬ճյؿͻȻޡ
ôˣҲû۸㡣Ϲأúõģôˡ
ҿɬؿʣʵʵҡһ仰ɤۣþ˵
ʲô˵ţһˡ·ڶߣ˵
ǰҼŵظ裬ұҵˣһҪӹȥһסһõӡǣʱˮɿ졣ʱֳŵˡңֿտաȻšɻûԼһʽβϰֵ
ѩôˣ𣿡·Һþò˵ϸο
ĬĬϹ





37 

ϹϸԭƵңôҲסϹػ
ѩǳȥߣڼұûʲô˼
ϹĿ⵭ȴˮͷ·б˿飬鲻Խϼ¡ðҵͷӦ
˾߳šůůҲƵСҫҫԣϲϹĸ첲ڷ羰Ĺ硣ͻȻָоϤòǰҲиһɢֻǵʱҲЦݿĽұڻŶԭþˡ
û뵽Ҳͦÿġ·Ŀ߮ΧĻǸȤ
Ȼˣд󣬿Ȳ٣ϹȸпˣҴȥߣʣСˮķ죬ǶԼĹޱȵϲ
ϹȻããҸտһ䣬ੲ˼ôźÿɰŶ
ߣҲ磡ұһۡ
·ʱЦǳǳͷ͵ҡһЦܲ
֪ϹڹⶺңԲһСɰȵģ
·Ҳ漴Ц
ʵлмĵطȻȲɽǰΰ׳ȴҲмȻСǵСʱĩȥСɽˣյġ
뵽˴һЦ·忴һۣʲô£ô͵֣
û°ֻСʱһ桭
·΢΢ͷɫһӾ˵Сʱ·һ٣ԭϲıȻһ£漴תЦǺǵ˵Сʱ㻹ǵðˣ
ܼǵʲô
·ĮȻ΢΢Դ˼ʲô顣òҡһʱɻô仯ô죬ղŻģھͳϴˣ
ϣﲻ˵һλϹĸ첲εκߵ
û£û¡·ص
·һͻȻŵȫһһС
·ֻعЦһ뽿ĴյϹߣ˵Ϲûҡ
·ЦģʤϲС˿͵һӣƨϺݺݵšһѡ
þȫ
ϣһҽУ·ʱ
ҴЦ̵ġߣСӣңΪ۸ҵĵ̣СùԹԵġ
·ۿмƣվһ׿⣬ɫԵЦţɫ糺졣
ڽ˰ΣʮһĹ⾰ЩˣʹҴһ˼ң׼ȴĻ
Ǻþû˶˰Σ˫ʹ֧¥ҾϹң죺ţţ̫ѽ̫ѽҺѣĶŭҵ٩
òſڡ顣ʱһɲ˷ķƵƮҺϹĿԣһȵı顣
δӦѾЦӯӯشӳ߳ɫͻȻࡣ
ǻˣѽãҵķҲˡﻹųס
Һͳ·嶼Цæ߹ȥյߣʣ裬ôôͻˣʮ°ô
ˣǺǡҲô˰ȷŰɣٳԡӹĲˣСѩʰһӣСԷɡ緹Եô٣ڿ϶˰ɣǺǣ緹Ҫģܲ԰˰
ֵԵôġ
һͷʾ·ݳԷ·ʼ磬˹˸졣˭ƽʱҲûŰôţĪյѵģ
ҪҴæվᰴסļ򣺡ȥȳš
·һۣأԱ֡ҿſڣͷԺšһˣǰɫӡȻվǰ
һ£ͷһʯͷȻûԭҪʻȴʱ˻ȥҲһ㶣Ŀ⾼ȴֻɢ˵顣
Сѩŵ˵
Сѩ֣Ϊôİǣÿ춼˹ͷȻܣ֪ʲôζҲЩᣬЩԾЩޡ
㣿ʵ
һЦŵ΢΢һҲڰɣ
ڡҾϣĺ̵ġ
˵ոջҡҹ㡣ĿʱúͰԻʮֽţŵı֮»мֲ
š˵ͷ޶˿յġĳ֣ʮֵ⡣




38 

˵ɡãҲŷӦæӭš˵ڳԷŶû
кüû˰ɣҲԼϴѧԵʣٻؼҡģô׿ֻ۽ǶͷüԶЩ
ûһ£һݵģʵСѩ˵ˡ
һ˵
˵Ϣֻܿ˵֪֮ľжԶ
Ŷһ¡߽
ˣɫûʲô仯ƺϵһǳ·Щӣϴˣһ񼡣
ˣɡ·Ȼ֪˭ȴòع
ˣִٵɫƽعһ˿Цݣлл໥һۡ裬ԹԵسԷޱ顣
ҵݸְ֡һ˫ӣֵݹһͷ£΢΢Ц
Сѩλǡ·ɣְų·壬Ŀ紺ƮȻϹϡ·ɫһãȻЩ֪룬ֻǵһЦ
Ŷֻһ֣ҲãȻ֪ô˵ЩΡ·Բ֪ô£ȴЦǺǣǳ·壬ǣ·忴һۡ
ɫһ飬ֻҺϹˣ˵Ҳʮַ㡣ǡڣְҲڣϹҲڡ治ԶҸøϹҰְ֣Ϲ壿
飬òעʱͻȻðһ䣺Ⲯɡ
ҶʱȻ·Ҳ۾һɡضһۡ
Ŷ⡭Ǻǡ·ǰԲ֧֧˵
бְһۣԹԵسԷ
ȳԷɡЩңиҪְ֣֡ȴǱɾûпڡ
һʱƣ϶ðְֹģΪˣȴǡ
ǰ·˵λְ֡꣬뿪ĸŮľҲ֪ʱļֻǹ¹µˣӡֻڼڣżȻһ棬õĻҳȥˣǺǣҲõĻδҲ̫΢˰ɡ
ãôܵĹ¿ࡣԣСʱͷģҪ֣ϰݵ
ְȻţһԵĳ·ҲŽš
·˺þá
ȳȥһ£ȳšͻȻվ߳ȥ
ְԴһ̧Ҫ˵ʲôȴû˵ڣѾˡ·Ц˵ǳ԰ɣⲮЩ߲ˡ
ҰԿЦⲮǺǣƺءϹҲɵǰְ֣Բѵغ
ϣš·ƺͻȻһЦģϵĸвˡ٣˱仯Ļ졣
ְҲƽϵЦŨ
ֻһԣȴһ˼ĴڡʵȻʱ԰ְֶбԹǣңѾְܹ֣ܹһ˵ΡԣĵҶǾȣٰϲã·ûа֡
󣬳·װˣˢ롣
ҺͰְڿְĿڿתһȦüͷ΢΢һ塣Ŀ䵽ϵʱһЦӡ
СѩְǸձҵôôͽˣ
ͷȻ˼¡⵹ֻ֣ô֪ҽˣĪǡģ
Щɬ֮ɫ˲ɢûۿְ֣֪ôشòʵҲеСٺ١
ŵŵû𣬰ְҲߣʣ飬ôҲһ
֪أԴ˵һ
㣿ͷԵҽ飬Ҳû͸ûҪ˵ˡ˵Ҳ飿ֻͳԷһ°ˡ
ǺǣˡҵһЦڸǹȡ
ְҲǺƵЦЦĴ⡱Ůεӣȴûа֮⡣
ͷۣͻȻӵʲôһĪҸȫ
·ǺӿȥܺãŻϰ߰ɣ
ţǺܺá
ְȵԿóһЩ衣Ͼþúþûм棬ڽ̸͸֮ˡ
û˵仰·Це߹ְߣعӡ
Ⲯ·տڡ
Ȼϳ·壺аְ֡
·һ㶣ְҲһ㶡ˣǺһЦƮƮ
ְ֡·屻䲻һȣȴҲӦ죬ת˲ͺвţ





39 ɢ

ְ֡·庰첻òƵЩɡ
֪ʲôʱ򣬳·һ衣鹧άŲŶׯڰְǰһڰְǰ
Ŷлл
ְЦſһۣλŮҲǺøб·嵹ͦۡ˵Ҳ֣һСôһְ־ͻȻӲˡ
ǺǣСѩ㿴·ðԺúùŶְеؿң֮¶ŨŨΡ
Һͳ·嶼Щţ˼ɵЦ·һĵڸǲסҿ⸱УԲм̬ȡ
˲˵仰߳ȥɫֻ࣬üм
ְŤͷ裬עһһʼûۿְһۡҿ·壬ͷЦѡһ켸ʮķޣôͻȻת̬ȣȻǰء
ôһշЩӲҺͳ·嶼֪˵ЩʲôͰְ̫İɣ϶ˡɣְҲͦѹġ
нп಻Ůøӣ
ߣЦеؿϣһޱȹɵŮ󡣳·ȴ޽ٵְ٩٩̸Ȼд£ɼԼĺŮ㹧¶ǳǳЦ⡣ȴְֲ˵
ʱ侲ʣһĿڣȴָ¡е죬˭ȥ룬ȥĶԹ
裬ȥߣڼҶư֣졣
ûж룬˵ðջûúóȥ߰ɡãڳȥҲС迴ų·壬Цůů
·ɫ΢䣬Ҳ֪ô£Ǻ߰ɡ
æ裬žΥðְ˵һȥ߰ɣǸ·壬ְ֡
ְָ֡ոճڣ˼ҾûһɨʾϹ¡
һĿڡ񵭵ؽͷȻ죬ɹȴԶԴ㣬ûбǷݿȡˬоĺá
裬·Űְ֡ĸˣǰ
΢΢ͷȻװǰİְֻ첻⡣Ůǿһôʱʱ͵͵ۿһϰأ
Ҳ֣СʱȻֿʮȥˡǵŮѾΪޡȥûôޡʱ򣬻ƽƽżʧ̬Ҳ֮С
Сѩ~~ɵشңɵЦʲôأ
ɵЦһ˵ҲŲԼԭ͵͵֡εʼ磬ûСʱҽЩɰС£ԽԽ
ǳǳһЦĿⲻɨһںͳ·İְ֡£ůů˵˵أʱˡǺǡ
һҲƵرס裬ɵЦ
Ц¡أ·ͰְֶͷҡҶʱȻĿ壬ɨǰλˡҲݸһЦζȻּ죬ҲЩʲô
һʱȻȥڽε˴Σߵ˫Щʹȴƺûһ˿۵ӡа
һֱߵСſڣְͻȻͣǣȴ㿪Ŀ⣬˵ҸˣȻȥɡ
пһ£Ϊߡ·ҲһǳĲ
ȳ˷߰ɡ·
ְüһҲһ뿪ı顣ʮΪѣϾԼļңлеȴԷӡ
ˣǺǣпǡ
·ǿЦЦûһԣһﲻ
ְתףͷӡֻͷȥұһᣬʹʧĸо·ЦؿԶȥİְ֡





40 

صңɳϣͻȻ;ۡɳϣһҲ붯Ͳþʹ˯һ·嵹ѧģһžæͣĸƻǸЦ졣޾ɵذһۣǡȴ۵ĺܡ
ЦģҪæվȥˡó·ȥ
һЦŨĳ·һɨͬõʥּһ㣬ɵسȥɫһ䣬ŭһصһۣ˵ģֻ֪۸·塣
ЦʢתҲǺǺЦĸҹһŮвÿɷζ٣裬ɲ֪·Сֻǰ͵ģ˵طŤһ󺺵
ЦһۣҲܲۻҵϹɡʱҪʵһµģϾϹ
·ϴˣҲ󣬱һЦСģ͸һ߹ޱȵĹ͹ࡣͷһ·˲俴Ϲеһ档һַĳ嶯ͷͻȻúϹ
һ֣֮ͣ
һ׼ܷḻ͡ȴǡʱһɻ󲻽ı顣춼Ѿڳ֥ˣʱ˭أ
ȥš⣬ְ־Ȼվ⡣һЦ⣬Լ߶Щ˼æӭšְֽŵһˮϣҽ˳
ְֵͻȻ֣ضۡǳ·Ȼ΢֣ȴʧһƨģְߣÿ롣
㡭ôֻˣĵ˵һ仰
Ҵ㵵ؿ裬Ȼְ˵ʵǺ֮ȻӲЩػζɡ
ְȻЩţĿ·Ҳֱ裬һС˵û£
ŶӦһ
ǺǣԷԷˡְ֣Ҹвˡ·ȫȻڳĿŵغ𡰰ְ֡ǵаϹ΢΢̧ͷ裬ȴһƽƺԳ·Ļ첻⡣
Īǣ費ٺͰְּƽˣʼǰӣ
ǰ˵ĽƵԴְֵ̬ȣҲ졣вůůģһɾΥиƽδйҸէȻһ㣬˷ܡ
ڼڵʱ򣬰ְֵֻȻͳֻ˳Ļ˼˵ȽӸ绰
æָͣĵؼвˡЦеأá˵ӣŮĺġ裬ÿԷ΢ЦǸöá
ְֽʱɫ΢΢Ȼոûãε˵ȳţе£Ҫˡ˵žվӡ
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Īһһ仰ǵȻˡȻȥɡҲԣǰˣܶǰԼɷļҡǨѾļҡɫˣҲûȥˣȥӺͺӡ
ְɫȻһ䣬һš
ٱǰְֿң˵컹ǡ
¥ȥͷȻһۡģʧȥֿһ㣬޷Ƶ˼ȻǣѾʧȥöˡ
ⱲӣٻҲΨһֵοǣڡпա
ͷʹе⻬
ȥ԰ڿеؿӡ·ɵϴЩˮǰòƹػ˵ȱԣճˮãһٳ԰
迴ЦůůҲмصóԣ㻹ϴһ˵Ϲû硣գ϶ɧɧһЦ˹ؽҡһֻڣڳ׳ҲĸǰҰ
ͷ⣬ҵ˿ɽûúðһϹ
·壬赹ˮȥ
һϹԹԵȥˮһͶһůˮϡ۾һа𱸵ôģˣôֻһˮ
ǰϹһʣԹֵ˱ˮݵʱ򣬳費ע⣬һ¡
ԣӦǿһ¡ΪǡĲλ˲ʹ
ڷүǰʺͷСŭʱʢҵĿŭϹȴװˣߣ鵭ؿӡ

⻰ɩӡְ֧ɡǺǡ





41 ѯ

۷Ϲų۷
ϹɫˮߣĪһůǿõ飬ȻǰƲסůƮƮļһ򵥵Ļ棬ԶԺ䣬Ҹذ
ϹʱŵŵĸĴη塣ɲŹôһ죬ͺĸʶһСסϹÿǰҲôң
˻ĭӾ磬Ϯ˸Ƿģ˵˯ȥˣҲ˯ɡ
ȻһЦ߽ҡ˯ܺ˵СѩҲȥ˯ɣˡ
˽һģڿˡᡰšһȥҳ·塣·廹ڿӡ˵Ҳ֣һΪʲôϲĭ磿
ѽˣ˯ȥɡ
·ҲŤͷŵĻᡣŭ죡һȭϹ󱳡Ʒʮ㣡ڷүؽ磬Ȼҵ£ҪʹƽѧȫԸŪϹ
ΣϹûл֡ˡһϹϡһҽСŤͷʹµΪʲôң
ҿһɻ󣬲˵ѡһʣҲɻĪղû˵ڿӣŵĻ˰ɡ
ղźţûԴǵ˵ȴϼ˿ŭ
Ϲ񣬺ЦţæǸô˼ղſ̫ͶˣСⲻǣŴ˲Ҫ
ûǣĵƳһۣҡ̫ۣ˲ϮһͷԵڴϣ˯¶û˫ʡ
γڶת컹ɵġҷһ£㱧ϹʲôҲû΢΢ſϹӰӡͷһһϲˣ
Ũңûǣֻ˯ȥȵڶϹûߡҾòԾ߳ңѰʧٵϹ
ãҿϹʱסЦȻɳ˯ﱧŵСܱѹıΡǰĵȻš
ҡͷ̾Ϣùļһ°ٳ
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˭أԼûϢҡǺǣˣϽɣϹˣҪǽӴˡҷ·壬ʾ˯һ
ŶӡǸǺǡǸô·ɫ΢䣬±迴Լ̬
ҰȥûûҪˣŮӣĻඣ
·ǳǳһЦصҼԺ
ɫѾ磬ûѣ⵹ҵϡҲûȥ裬һ¥Щ㡣ߵ¥£衣
ŶôҲˣҡ
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裬ⲻżĸ첲¥

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ͻȻֻţԭҺ˵˼䣬ܳҡֱĹ㳡ȥ
㳡ڣࡣƹ谵񾲵Ĺ㳡һϢůů˿ƮҹգǶ泩
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42 ͽ

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񣬰ְ˼֣Űʵ
£
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ְ֣ڡۼְֲϵĿԣͷҲЩġ
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⻰Բס˺þòŸ£Ҫˣ¼¡ҷģ˻дС˵һĽ֡





43 

˼ңûлشְֵĻЦ˼ɪҲһɡȥģ˵ٶ࣬Ҳزˡ
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ְ͵ؽҵ¶Цݿ˵𲻺˼ϰǰⲻǡ
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44 绰

ʹȻϹһ
ǣۼϹ˷Ȼӱ˵˽ͲһδЩ˰ɡ˱оȻһѧҵĸ߲Ϊɥһͷصų·壬һɫԵۣýζ
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ҶߣǸѩҲֻǡֻǣ⿴ġ
ĵ׵ģҶϹЩСʧӡеȻԼɫԵģҲ֮СڣȻȥ׼һ컹͵ȳأ
ţ֪ˣţϹ֪ˡ𲻸ˣô·СƵڶ߲ͣ˵šҵŭһҲû
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֪ԸǿҲûǿҽ裬һ˯ɵɫ˲æʵôҲز֪ľ
·ߺһڴϣմ컨塣΢΢ף峿Ĺļнš




45  ҽԺ

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46 

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͵һֻϹĿԲɫòҴæǰȥͷȻ𶯡




47  

ǰһ˿ƹѸٽӽ֮Ǹ˶ƵĳŨصҹУĸ˾᲻Ҫؿɳ·彣ϱòȻѾӦǰĹ졣һ󺰣ץˣ
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ֱȻһɲӻûͣȣˡŤͷȥҹããУɱڵޣ
˽ӽ·æȻԾأ»ص·ֻʮסֹͣͻһоŲѡ
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48 

ڶ죬ҼլڶౣǺ´磬һɷļơȻţɻ٬룺ݵӰƵġ
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þûϵѾͷһСЦ˼ɺܿͺذʱͷβһ顣
󣬿ɬЦЦŵؾм˵̫ˣǺΣգ
ڼң
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εؿЦˣҲţʱûճȥˡǸǺúɡ
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49 

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ŶǾͺãѰ£Ÿң𲻺˼ŶϰֵƤЦЦ
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50 

ǰĺƽȡĿ׵գͷٿһԶ˿ڹɡ
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ǲǺþûǸˣ·ɧɧ˵Ṿһ죬ӶϢ
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У°ߡЩģȰοϹ
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51  

ҽ߳ĵº󣬳°˳ԺתأغլϸϾǼߣ˾ҵҵչ˵ȫȫ
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󣬾˾˵Ҳ˵иô˵ҲѲǡСʱϸϵǰ
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΢΢̾Ϣ˵ĶǮԺȡ
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ϵ˲࣬ϾʢʱڣɵϻǺٵġڽйһ̳ѡȹӣһ֪㣬˺ü棬˵ǸϹ¡ͻȻ·ЩԸӾ£ͷһ
չһ䣬ЦȻ˺ҵ֡
ѩ
תͷȥһȴЦӲӵؿ߻վһλŮӣüĿ㡢ɾ
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ҵݸһɫһ֣صӣ˵ŮƯʲô
ŮЦЦӻк飬εĺΣϬ顣
ϡɤҪ˵ҵĻĿһɣԹͣҵЦţ˼䣬ҴҸ𡣱Ͼ˼飬Һ;Ĺϵôա˵ˣǷǡ
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52 

Ҫߵʱĥĥػ˾סС촵εЩԣͲ·ߵĲƺϣ˯һʲôĵϡĩո㽶
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Һ󣬰Ȼûл˵ﾭӰ࣬ʶʱŮȴ·֮࣬ʰһ¼񡣾ϴݣۡĴһٺ˵⹷һʰ٣е»鶴ζ
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۹һȻضҵĻﲨ΢΢˼֣ңǸϰ岻Ĺôڡ֧Ƭ̣סһ飬Ǻܼ尾
ԭɵ飬͵سЦӦ¡˵ų̾˿һ³ٽͷв졣
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53 

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54 Ұ

ڶ죬һ£ų°ǲ˴աֱĺɫŨϹûлæܲ˿飬ҲûǣŲߣ֪Ϲһ𡰿ǡĵطһͷ죬¹⵭ǳܼҹաҹǣòˡϹ
ʯϣ˲Ƥ⡣
ҹɫˮƹϣ쳣·ɾƮƮأԳԣ̲סҪ߸裬¶Щ顣
̣ȴԺлڱѣ޲ܱһֻʵҹ»ؼ䣬ڣָң
ʱԼϹǡɳ¾ۼݳһۣ˼һԵ
һ̧̾ͷ졣
ǰͻȻһһĨҴӹ档ͷż֣ȴҶ
³˾˵ЩĿƬ̣漴߽ȥ߹ǵһΡݣжʱࡣ
һ̾Ϣͷ­΢΢ءͷ죬Щɬãȴû˿ʪҸЦƤ⽩Ӳһ㣬òڡ
֪˶ãǧ֮ңϮعŷҹɫѾǿҪꡣ˵ͱ䡣ҽ汧ֱۣŲҡ
·°䣬ȥתһ룬ɫˣҲѾ˯ˡŲ£Ҵһҡ±ŵа룬ͻȻϹôʲô°ɡæ绰ȴٳٲӡ¸ż绰ܴͨȴû˽ô
æ˼ѵĵ绰ͳͳ֪ĺڲϢȻѡ
գȻٻǰԼæЩʲôڣôԵ޹ʵûѶĺϫ䲻ͷֱð亹
һң֪֮ʡͻȻƿҼпȥϹˡܹȥɫѯʡһ仰û˵꣬ȴƼϹɫŹ֣ضңǶУԴϢõѹɢһŨصľƾζǺ
ֹͣôˡ
㣬ôˣ֧ʵ
û˵ľ
ҡţվȽŲæסĸ첲ʵôˣôֺôࣿ
ӸأɳϡЦɫңǶ˼£˵㣬㣬ô
һ㶣ôǼңҲﻹŨأڲԣ˵Щ컰
ûлĻæҩˮ¡
첲һӣˮһأˤ÷顣޷ֹһ̧ͷؿң˵㣬ô
ˮ͵һ飬ͷһôôƢѲԹˣƢ
ôʵ˻˼֡
ұʵĪ治֪ôֻ˵Щ
ҿЦţ΢΢ŭ˵ҵȻҪȶˣϹ˵ʲô
ߣ
һɫң˭һ㣬رƣҲҴ
Ȼ治ôˡˮ飬ɫôŹ֣ԴҲŭȼգһ룬ϹƻﲻˬƢܻԼ̾ˣǿЩҪ
ҶһۣҲؿҡһһ䣬޲øһȭ壬Ȼӵ
ҶЩҩ˱ˮáߵߣһɨˤԶһ򣬲Եڵء
ͷȻʢôҲݺݵصôˣĺҩҳ
üۣ΢΢һ£̶׺ݱ飬Ȼվӣҡ˼£˵ĺ⣿ٺ٣Ҳĺ⣿мްϧɫ
飬Ļиղŵİ˿򶨡
ôƻҰ
Ҵ˵ɫһת˲Ǹ飬޷޵ԼԼ




55 

ףֹͣһ㣬ɥʧ
Ȼŭɶصҡ
Ҳҿ΢΢ͷȥ֪οڣҪе˼Ѿ߷֣֪ǰԼЩ֮¡
ĺ糱Ͳþ뿪ȥ
޻˵ˣ·ߵô˵ˣ
ЦЦаȡȻһصͷءԱΧĪľô
ЦţҡΣͻȻߵߣץסҵļӲҡţô˵ô˵ٺ٣һֱƭңʲôҲ̫ˡ
΢΢ʵڵʣ絶˵
ǿ˻ߵšľɣһش֡飬Ҳ֪ҵĹȥڣ֪ģ֪
ҹ
***************************************************************************
һˣŲأʧǵš
̧ǰ·ҰžŲؼ޹꣬롣
ɷңŸղţʹ񼫵ӣȫ㤣ͲõȸһԾȴֻǣ֮ԭô
ô֪飿
˾˭֪ҵĹȥҵĹۣ϶߳·塣οкһĹȥڻȻ

ܣ·岢ʶ

÷ѾĳѾ١ֻǣҲ뿴·ô̵ضԴҡҸ䲻㣡
ҹˮûīɫҹա
ҡͷЦ
·ȫޣĮȻţǧλϢѡ
·һߡȥĶʹĮ˿־壬ҹɫ˭һ˶ġ˭ȫȫ˽һˣϧܶԷΪݽ棬ǹΪУ벻һأô
ҹգЦš
ǰͻȻһͷȥһʻ΢΢־壬˲ƣΣæתбܽ·ҰŲģǱ
ѩѩܣҡ
Ϥͷȥͣ·ߣ·ҫµƹȣȴغţѩң
ͣ½ŲͷԶȴûл㶵վԭء
ܹҲסʣû°ɣ
ͷͼ壬΢΢̧ͷҹɫµʯеؿҡĬңŸղŵ飬ǰиζӳ¡
ѩ
ңңҲ䣬Ҳ䣡Ȼ
¾ץסҵļ򣬴
ңҲ䣡һæ˦֣˺󼸲
ѩȵòã𣿡
ٺ١ãûãǶ޳ܣСˣҡΣԺ˭࣬Ǿ͸ɾٺ٣ͳͳҲ䣬ǲ䣡
˻ߣ
ס
ãܶţֻб˴˵ͻͻ
侲һ£侲һ¡
ĺȷУ顣ŲæȥҲֲкˡ
ͣ¡Ჽ׷֮⣬ˡħȷең˿̲κˣʵҹеֻһ·ȥĿģ͸֧ήࡣ
ܣ׷סҵļ
ѣհŪ£˿áұס˵㣬侲Щòá֪ңҲǡ
ȻѲĽ
ѩȡ
ҰģտģƮص
Ļһһȫʧһ㿴ңɫұ֮
֪ںܲʹçײʲôã޼£ҡѩָ֪ù̹Һγҹǣ¡ڼȻ
ͣԳٶۣüչ˵ղ⣬С˵ãңұңš
쵣ĵվǷˡ̾Ϣɬ
ȫѡ˫ţû˿ɶŨص̲ϢǼ⣬Ũ⡣
˫ͻȻʪģߡֲ᣺ңڲ
ɬ̾Ϣɿֱۣߵǰ
ˣȥ˵
ҿЦĵȥҵļң
ء
˼Ƭ̣ɫ΢䣬ȴȻήҵ飬˵ȱȥˡҴȥط
߬סҵ֣·ȥգĪһů
ľȻƣضǰ
Ҳû˵ɣʻñͣһſڣ³





56 ʧ

ڵƹ硣
ҳɳϣľľһƣɢ˻̻ȻΪ硣жáҲЩա
ôݹһ̡
ǰƵʱżȻ̣һǵϰߡȴûһ̸ֱ̡Ķҿ϶̷£ô尾
̷ϣ˿ڣ˵ô£Сôô֪
֪벻ͨҽüʼ벻͸·Ӻε֪
ôܣԵ޹ʵģĶġ
Ťͷߣ˻ȥĿ䣬ң̬΢΢ЩӲ
ֻ֪Һ;ͳ¾ۡҽɵ¡ͳ·ǰ˱Ӵһ档Ұ˼⣬˭ôɶ
ݺ˿ڣͷ˿糤滮״뵽ɢ
һֹӡ
Ҵ㵵شһ
ôˣæҡ
֪˭һһ˵ɭȻ
˭̽ͷƤ
ҺٺڨЦһ£Թ˵̾ϢҲ˵һҲ벻û뵽û뵽
ұŹ֣ʵ˭
˭á
¾Ŀһ͵һ̧Ȼ׵
ͷŭȼգǰûҽԺ밢棬ҸѾȥղңû뵽Ҳ֪ԭί
ܣҶû⵨ҡ¾üƬ̣ʡ
˵Ͳĵ绰ܾãŽӹ绰
Ķ¾ʵ
Ұ
㣬ƼǼ£߹ʲôˣ¾ȻʵһĻϡ
绰ͷþûл˰Σ֧˵ûûа
Ⱦˣ¾ʰ
绰ͷɹ˺þòŴĻػ
¾µ绰ĿصңȻǰˡ·Ҳ
϶˵ţͷ
϶¾ն˵ðСȥ׼ε϶һȾƣ¶ˡ
ˣ
ǰڲʱоڿȻӦ顣ļһˣ
Ļ쵰¾ŭ죬Һ˵Ļ쵰
ҴûôҲȻ𾪡
úôţȥ¾˵꣬ʹȥ
æߵǰסȥ·˵ȱȥôˣ˵ɡ
һͣͷıӦ˵ɡ˵ȻЦſңæĿ⣬΢΢ͷֻصɳ£Ъɣ˰ϣ϶ˡ
ȻǱһˣղ֮ŭ˲ʧƽ͵һɳϡ
˶û˵΢΢ͷĬĬʲô
˼ɣת⾰ǵõһκڵƹĵİڡҹûߣֻੲű˴˵İþȻҵ֪һ㣬˷ܿ
˵һεǢ̸ԺĽƵȻңһܵãǵú㿪Ĳѣ˴
ҵƷֱӹһãҲǹǰǰ㲻м
ദһҹҹ档ֻһƵĴûᣬҲְҵ
ʱһãŷʵ̫ãԺȴԲضԣ˳Ծǣôÿκһ˵ĻôҸĳΪֻгǵƪ

ȻȥЩ˯ɡôܻ࣬ȥġſġվͰ˵
šǧȴ֪οڣӦһ
ߵſڣͲʹ߽㺰ȵȡͷңǰȥ˵ȱȥȻȻ֪ǵ£ȥô죿
ɫӣɬһ£΢΢¶Щػζ˵ôˣûҪأҲӲģû¡ϾҺӣ֪Ƣõġ
˵žͿȥ
ܰķڣֻһ˴ڴϣ˼طʹ·飬ǲڷôܲЩʱգҺϹʱ䣬һһ𣬺úù
Щĳ¾ۣ·ȻѾ֪ҺĹȥػ;۷ɵС¾ڻؼңҲ֪˭Ҳʧ
ô
һˡ





57 Ը

ҹ˾ҡ
ٴȥͤ¥۴αȡʵư쵣Ŀޡһþ
ڣҹɫŻĿζĺȴİûа˿
¾ӦѾˣ·˯ˣȻľȻ̾ϢţҼȥ
һҹߡ΢΢ףϵĳֱڳȻڴǰ
·ʼһæµңúȥδӣǶӱܳ·壿
û뵽Գ¾ĹİȻƺʧԡЦԼϲһеЦ׾ݡĸףԼϲͳ¾ʶڣҲͻֵڳ·ԡ
·ģ֪ԼŮǰ̨С㣬ҺԼϰŷǱѰĹϵ᲻ô
ңľͲԭ£
ڴϵֻ˺þãҲŽͨ
ô
š
Сûڼҡ
š
Ҵߵ£͹ȥ㡣úϢȱȥ߶
š
绰ӵϣصǰ򿪴촵գˮ죬ϲߡ٣֪·ȥ
ô죿æûֻĻůۣ鲻òú绰ؽҵĵ绰ô
ǧ򲻸ãǸ¶ʵǣԼûй飬ҲͲϹ
ֻͻȻ𡭡
ιʶأ̽ͨ绰
Сæô·峰Ц
ֻ亹乡ͻȻըһ㣬ۣû˵
ô˵æĻҾͲŹˡ

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ָӲҶ֡
ֻֽӵϣ£ϤǻǶһ㣬á
š
ҹȥţһСЦؿң˵͡
Ŷһӹ͡
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ֻŤͷȥȴǾġæӹ
ѩѩô£·ô֪ʮֻš
˵
ι˵ôģ˵
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š
ô·֪ˣǰҲҪ˵ţɬɬһ̾Ҫ޳
Ҳ˵֪˵ʲôõˣ֪Ѿ
ʼʣ˵ô죿Ǹ˱ӵȻ
Һͳ·ŷǴӺε֪ġ
˭˵ģҲ
·ղźҴ绰ûңҵʱŻˣôģģ
ô˵ģæʡ
˵֪ͣʣ΢΢˵ôǿӲ϶֪ˣȻҲҡѩôôѽ˵֪ô֡
Զԣ޲ܾŪļһԭΪܲ͸ܣôͻȻ͸¶һ֪ģƫƫǳ·塣
˳Ĭ˺þá
ô·ûΪɣʺҵĴ
û£ҵӦ¡
Ǳϳţˡȴñ֪ԼļѾ
̫ģ·϶߰ġҰο
Ըɡ
¾۹ʱήҵڴϣٵƤҪĴҵļţûа㷴Ӧ̾Ϣûٺҡ
붯ú˵ɾĶˡֻ˯ȥȴЩ˻ϣﶼ겻ܣ
˺ܾãҲŷӡзۣͷɳϡ̧ͷ㯵ؿңдϧ





58 

飬ûôкת¾Ŀ嵭˵
Ҿȡסһʱʵʲô˵
ˮһĨЦ⣬ɭɭģ˵ң·ֻ֪﹤֪֮¡˵΢΢£Ǻܵ˵Щ
ģϲһ㣬ͷɫָֻƽ
һûԭôءǸల£ͥάֺ뵽Ҳ˼֡ת룬ˣԼйôһɾԣϹҲȻԽܵġ
Լ˫΢΢죬һƣࡣ
ˣôˡСһ˵͵ģúϢʱ䡣һʱ˵ͣɫһۣˣ˾ﻹҪ
˵Ҫߡ
ȵȵȡ
͵ĻعͷȻ٣˵
ˣһ׵ġһɷŭⱩǣת˵ȺúϢɣˡ
ϣһ𡣶ԼľƽһԹ˵ĸ̾Ϊƫƫ̯£ְĭͥҲЩɵ¡ڣѾӵİӡ
ֻǣָ̣ۣҵϹңָܲо
·˼绰ҶҽĻ뵽ģҲʹԹصֻʧȥһϵһˡǣҡڴϣ˯ȴ
ˮ壬̲졣СںƮ˿ḧա㫣ҡڴ·ӭ˿ᣬ浴
Ϲһ
Ϲһ

·ͷ¶΢Ц
Ϲһ
Ӳң¶΢Ц
ͨ
΢΢죬Ҫٴκ·ѾȥˮĽ

ʱɫѾ谵Ĳӡ׻ȫչλһߵǰ޺ڹСҹɫһôϢعȥ͹ȥÿһûʲôɡԸ
ۣԴȥȥϴ衣ʪӣ¾۵ƴ
ѩô
һĸоӿæӦţڡԵȵȡ
ҴҲӣԡ߳ҵʱɫһģָ鳣̬
·廹ûлؼңʱϹȻһᵽ۲ѣɻ֪ô
֪ûлȥһšüĿһû
û
һͬȥȳԵ㶫˵
ûоܾ·ųԷůůʻţҹϰϰϣҲЩʹҰԳЦԼ䵽ֵزζȹҲ֪Ī;ĩ·
ܿ죬ͣһǰҿϤ棬пЦϲĶʱǱĬУҵĿζҲ£
ȥɡ˵͵һ仰ޱϤγҵȥǸյĳ
Żĵʡƹ˶ͷһкȥһģһ
þûˣЦǳǳ껹ǵһι
΢΢ŵͷ̧ĿЦϣͷĪůءֻصȥꡣ
㻹ԵùҾζԽԽˡһλǵĺӣЦа
šͷϸϸ׽һζĪЩж
ݸЦЦͯؿңƱʹǰһůһؿҡ
ҶƱľƱһ¡
һ죬öǣһ˿һĨ㣬һշת˵ζ߲
û˵һǰһоɢһ㡣ҵͷϸƷζȥζȥĵεΡأۿģһ飬žડһϣǡ

ٱҽֻ򿪣ʱұϵҸչػӿš·ģ¾۵ģһġ
ѩŵʱ򣬸Ҵ绰أ
Ҷų·Ķţȹġ飬֪òô绰ǸֺûȤ
ϾԼĴֻϣϹһᣬԭҵĹǿˣزˡҡ
ţֻͻȻҳɵؿĻز֪Ƿýӡ





59 

Ҳ֪ʼûӵ绰
ػķңǧֻͷŰ̧ͷСĿռ䣬鲻ԽЦоܲ͸ǽڣһؼ
뵽ظǱƣ޲ͭͷۣһȭ飡
ɣŲ߳˵߹ȡСûκˡֱ߳ţҹ쬵ģ΢΢ĩ쿪ʼˡ
޺˸ĽֵһᡣóУæµŸԵ飬ڣһˣһľӵļҲûС
λ꣬Ʈ
Ҹһš
ͻȻҸһšϹġҡͷůϹ´Ļ治ӿԺ뵽ڶгЦЦ
֣
æͷһֻмԶһλûµõ·û۰
ҳƬ̣ÿ·ӴҴȥģһϧķ緶Ҳû
ˮķ˿ȹƮ롰ҸһšҲԶжʮӵĽų̡ǻȥɣУֻܸԼһůˡ
̺٣ʮһ㣬æµһ˶ԻؼңŸԵİ˯ȥΨй¶ĵˣ˯ţڽλһɢ뵽ֺٺٿЦ
߽һСЩĽֵ߰ࡣƹٻưڵϣغһįડĽŲ쳹ڿյҹĻУҡ
ʧߣҲûϢãϻʹҲƤ΢΢ţһСľ·߳˯š
أţǰ͵һֻһ˫ʵֺݺݽԼסȻľģԭһåɫԵĹЦšһ˫ħצţ˿š
ҡϡһд󺧡
ûٴκгڣѾһ˫ʵʵģУɽк
С椣Ȼܵġ˵
ұһǰһкΧãá·ţڣɥʧǵңֻѵķݶĶ˵ôࡣ
ֽǷ˷èһе˦ѡ
Ĳ֪ô˵Ū㣡Ȼ˵
һͷһôͣѣͣõĺȡ
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ҵӺٺЦôٶһ¡ٺ١С椣ѽ
ĻգԴػϸ乡ؿǱ⵶ŵŵ˵һΣһΣôӽô
§ţϽţǰλӺߵ
ӡšһҵ˫Ѹ»͵ؽұ˫أڰա
ǣ𡪡Ұġ
С椱˵˵һæĳ£ɫԵ˵ٺȵܵģҵСŮ
ҲٺЦͣȴаʮ㡣
Ҳϡҵİ˵ӡŶһһؽס
ţпֻţߵˡҰڰȴо߹հƣͷĿѣҰżо£ȴкҲѡһȥұȻѪɺӡȻ󣬱ʬҰ

һ򣬰ӽаɭɭ˵øøû뵽ˣǸŮܲˡ
һȥվ˵Żҿ۵ĳ
аɭɭؿңͣšƾɵķڣһɹŹֵĳζпң㤻֣̿ੲݵذš
ͽš
СŮ˵һúźģٺ١
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ٺ٣û
ޣޣŭڣæźţȴ˿áôƫƧĽ䣬ҹĶӢ۾ĺ¡
ॡһӽһԡٺЦŴչģȲ
ۡôģͷһμ

СŮˣûõģûõáһֻּæѵҵ£һֻ±⸧
ޣɫħҪɱǣ˫ƴþȫžһϡ
ߣ֪ôӣŭߵɵţӰС
һ£˸ſɫҴ˸ӽҵֽŰˡ
ٶСŮԹԵģֵġ
ˮӿģģֻ޳˵åޣɫǣħ˼ңͼ壡





60 Ѫ

ʲô˺䣬ʲôɥʧ˼άʲôԶӱܡ
ɫûխĽֵ繤˽ÿ·ʱ򣬶ɨһۣһȵı顣
ͷĳʴšҵĳڷƮŵʹöһҹҶУޡ
ۣһ۾Ϳҹ׵
ֵ쿪ʼһһҲȥ򣬿϶ҪΪؤǡ
ҡҹĲʹĿ
վҡ˼£̧ͷͦصûСһˣȻҸһšǸϹ´Ҹжľ
ۣңСõġ΢΢ۣÿ䡣ǻᵽϹϵ㡣
ǱһƮƮĽ촽ۣ˺üӡ䣬ȥ·ϸݺĺӡḧɪɪĲˣ޲Ķ
Ǳסһ룬šۣᣡ
̧ͷСĿϽǵСƬ·΢Цţ¶ײӲӵͷð֡ٺ١
׹ߣȫͻȻ䣬ΡΡضϺݺݵãӻǲʹط
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61 ֮

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޵þˣͷԻڴϡʹϧѵһϡҲϡиǧζûڣΣŭһʱ䣬ˮ
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62 

ںܰ˾һԵؿҺͳ¾۸£ĬĬϢٺܿ죬ľٿȻˣ·ܸӦĵĺХ
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63 

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ᳵ·ܿԼõķꡣ³վݹڵƹĻӳ˿ˬĿЦǾſθڣ췭ظ
Ҵ󺹣мϢ
ҵ̣Ǽҳ·ᣬʳԺȲĵ˵Ŀѽ϶û
ҵŴˣϹ֪ˡæĳƪۡļ߽ꡣ
ѰҵԼõİ䣬ᡱš
Ŵ򿪵ʱҺ;һľȡǰλٷ硢׿Խ꣬סˡ
ôʶˣЦ
ҿɤǰû㻹Ǹ˧ǵӣ磬ŵۣԵ
һ죬ĶܾסôĿޡǺЦͱЦˣȥսգ·ûü
գ죬ļЦĽĽżôûأ
ʵɫֺ˼֣캬Ц˵ˣȻȥ˯ˡ
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ھͷһģһ쵼ͷˣˣԲԷʵ˼Ҷ˼ˡ⣬ٺЦ˿̲ʶǶվţ£ǹӡ
ʲô㣬ݹ˵
ֵؽӹ˵ˣҼ۸񲻷ơҵ裬˼ôͶǮףҲҪͻȻżǰλӣĪۡ
ҪҽضϾܵȫϯֻ򵥵Ҫһˡ
˻ûھĴͷ£ĵ²Ǿڲᡰ飬ϱЦе֪δһͨˡǣǾȻһ飬·ϣ治˼飬ֻ˵СӼ˴ˡ
һͷƣ顣һĶһиģеģԵ̫壬߾׽߻ػûû¡
ҺӿЦ޿κΡ
˶ûкȾƣһҼԣһиôע壬㲻Ҫ໵˺ӿ
ٱ𣬾ѷǮ˵ʲôҲҪ˵ֻǵǳԷûб˼ļ򣬸ǳǶ̵ֹһͨǰǮ
ͷ۵ƹµ΢ЦԼ֣۾гʪĳ嶯
˿λ̸֪ѣͽһĽ
Ѿ͵ͬڣҲȾƣȻŤšСȥ
ҿųţҹȴ͸ǵĺ䡣ҵʱѾʮ࣬ڵϹ𣬳·Ǽһô˯ˣ
߽ңȵĺһ˯£ƣȥ





66 

ҹܾŴСݵˣӽϹһȻȻϢĴ͹泩ģ˯ȥ
ʱϢִ̧׼䣬š
ɫϴϣصҿ·廹˯ߣıϺݺݵشߺߵϹ𴲣Ϲ𴲡
Ϲήҵطңգ˼۾΢ѣŶһ¡
ûϹתҹЦЦںͻȻϹίٵɫʱʧңɻʵţЦʲô
һᣬЦַͣ۽ǣһۣŵǰ
·嶨ۿҵָɵЦ
ָֽϵʺ̶ְ·ɾһֻۡ·ѵһ죬𴲡ͻȻ۹һ˵ˣСȥѧУһҪ˼ҡ
㻹ǵá
·ɫһ˵Ȼǵá
ҰһۣæߴٵЩʰһԶٷ·õڨЦ£ɲ
ӣҺߵ
ɿ죬ߴߴ߶ţʱʱۼҪ磬·һڼĥܰ˷
صլʱ򣬳¾ۡš°˶ڿģ°һӣˡϲؽһ˲Ծߡ
·С֣Ц棺·϶³ˡôķû
Ҵ󺹣·Ż쵰˵ѻ졣ƲһЦ֪·˵ѣֻųԷŰ˽ӵˡ˵ԼڴЦ
СŸ֣΢΢ĸҲٺЦ
¾ЦЩǿӹСʱЦ˲̹ࡣҿǱʲôû˵ĸо΢΢ء
СôĶ󲡳ӡСų·壬ͷң˵ɩ磬һȥԷɡã͵
ϣպհζȣǿžСʳܺãˣȻͣͣظְɩɩвˣ簻Ȼޱȵģһԣ΢΢Ц
СĵߣԳ緹ǸԻ΢Ϣһ¡Я߽ҵ˲䣬һɾΥϢȻһƬ̣ĿѲһ⣬Ƽϯ˼ʱ΢΢ɡǰʹϹΪΰǸĴֻǺһԸ˵ӡһֱԵɡ
ոžֻСɩ
·ȥţСϲ͸ɫ֣ų·ɳϣ˵ɩҸ˼˵ţںᶯһ¡
ǲ£Һõʲô
ȻСǸëͷСӣôɵҲ˵ڡССͣͼʱȻֿտգûһն
·ЦŨңûаĴ㵣΢΢ü˼Ƭ̣Īǣǹκ
СЦ˵ԣٲ¡˵һۣ˵ɩҲ²£Ҹʲô
һʣҲʼɢ˼άֻ·ֻشֱ
СҡͷЦƳһۡ
С̬ڱУӲôӦһЩСٿСһ˫λεתͷȻһпǡ
۾һ
԰԰С˵ҪЦضң˵ɩȻȴˡ
·岻мһˣһۡҺݺݻһۣǱϡ
Сӣװ貣۵ҪҾһæӹ򿪡·Ҳ𿪡
һɫ̫ȥ˻ͷϲĺܡæϣܣۿСô
С͵Ưˣɫɩ
ǫЦЦתۿ·壬Ҳīɫ۾ϣһվӣļƳ֮˺Ȼη塣
СŷƮĴ磬˼˵ϸϴˣ
Ұȴҡһ·ͷңҵļ򣬡ݺݡ˵Сϴãƽϡ
ޡƤ
ҺСͬʱ





67 ͻ

СˡҸһšżո߲ˣҸ˵˺ϲ£졣߽ŵʱ򣬳ۣν˳·塣һʼԸ⣬ҵɫ£ֻùԹԵȥ
ڴƬ̣ģ򿪵QQûߣĪһͷҶæŸԵ飬˭дѵʱءﲻˬŵš
ͻȻ˼Ϊѡ˼ҵĸϣУ16꣬ǩȻǡţ㡱ЩˣѰȥĹߣһеʣ˭̫档ٺ٣Ǹ¡ԵСѡ
ôţǸСѾȻϢ
Сѣڣ
ңš
СѣƼ
Ҵ㵣֣񣬶ͷ˲亹ֱðͻȻʶͷŲơô֪֡
СѼʣô˵ô
ң|˭
СѣǺǣù˭Ҳ֪˭
亹乣Ļа
ң㵽˭
Сѣб϶Ȥ
ȻԷ˼ֲΡΡضͣĵộ㵽ʲôлֱ˵
СѣϲǸˬˡ˵꣬ȻһͼƬ
ҶͼƬϤףסˣ
ңʲô
Сѣֱ˵200еĶ㡣
ģǱͿˡԭΪ԰ֵַعӣϣȻǰҲ硣űİͼƬȻذᡣֻǲ֪˭ô޳ܣȻ͵ġ
˺ܾãûлţĻľȻ
Сѣʱ䣬ʱһϵֵɣٺ١ؼˣŮ
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ŴˣԷ·
Ƭ̣صԣڷĺǲôôɣô֪ҵĺţ϶ʶңҶҺ˽⡣
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ףôˣ˵ô
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óԸƨѽ㻹ûӣô֪óԣŰѣǺúӡϹιι·һ׷ͽﾫ˸ôϹĺó԰ɣ
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ô죿ĿǰܶԷ˭ֻнǮ͹ȥõ֤˵ǣȥ֤ٲףһΣһΣٳҪʳѰ
ֻǣԷȻ֪ҵQQţҶҵĹȥ˽⡣ʶҡĪһļãȥһ𹲴ʱ򣬽ǱϺɫǹӣ˭룬ﻹһ
ڶ죬·û緹ͳţӦȥˡҶӴڼУٴǸСѡȴûߡŵ׸ôźá
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ЦĬþò˵µϣֻôˡƲ֡£˵²ô˽ġ
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⡣˵
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ӣǶ˽⡣Ҳã¿ҵйأԴвΪ200򣬿²ܡôһ룬иǸСѡ˭




68 

ֻȻİ롣æӹ绰ͷ쳣ȻǹΪ֮
ƼǺǡ
ȻľȻǸСѡôҵֻҲ֪ԼУҸеԷ̫ǿ־塣
㣿ɫѿ¾۶ҡ
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һͬȥ֣Ҫҵϡȴ쵽һ룬ڰͣ£ɫ΢䣬ʶʲô˻ȥ
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һˣҹԳźڰѹ
㷣ʱ̴ֻΪȷʲôʱͻ
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Ұһ˵Ҳǳ㬹˵绰һӾػε
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̧Ǹޱȵġ֣֡ͷ͵һ顣
ѽţôŻѾͷҲ̫ˣŵ˵ִҼͷƽ
ûŵһŨҵķ㡣
ŬԼĲһƤߵϹѽ֪ţʼֵýֵý
ϹЦҰλϣٺ˵ȳϹɾ׼һ硣
ҿŷŵߵζͷһ䣬漴һůȻ˵ĸо·ۿӯӯת





69 

ճ;þԣȫûû˯ãһ硣Ϲʰϣڴϡȵĺ˯ȥ
ڶȫ飬ǳ˯˼켸ҹһ㣬˼Ҳ˰ġ
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ͻȻͷȻһʶʲôæȥ䣬ĶаϹӰϹ֣ŤȥҲǿտҲ
Ȼĺ亹ϢŻصңȻƲϹǽϵӱľôѾʮһˣ
ȥȻǰطһš
ɲȥţһֲԤгء
˿̣Ȼ
һ亹ֹæȥţǿһ£ͻȻԭϹǳȥȥˡ
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ص·ûڡ
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¾۴ӷ·𶳽һдʣȴҲֹЩʲô
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70 

ա
شţĳнĻҰϣⷢʬרҼʮСʱ˷˼ǣʬ׵ﾹȻһ֤ŮʬȻλи
۾ͼƬϤףľ
Ȼ;
캷ӿӻȻһ㣬κ˹
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71 

󣬺լ
ûʵңһܻİ崲ϣ򿪳·ţѩףҸ
ţˡ
ߵߣڼͷ˵ˣ
̧ۣȻϹ΢΢Ц
ţٴοˡ
߹ڳ°ߵ˵˼䡣
ˣҴȥ
ȫꡪ


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