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Ш

򺣱ʽݣң񣬶ռһ׼䡣
ȻͣΪԼڹһĽΧڣԼģ
һ֤ȯҵʦձڳ֮䣬æµڿͻлʵķ񣬼ÿܶڼͬĳУͨﵩⶩ޸ĸַļһƣ֤ȯгţ֮ѭתţ֮ҵʿĸƴһ
˵ǣһ֣ҲķᡣΪʦ⣬ҽڹϻ˶౶档
ǣ˴ȼʽĺ֮ãΪɣΪÿյĻǿ֣ճϢعȻò⡣
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һ է

Ȼ֪Լ羰续Ȫĺǣһǽ⼸걩ְ͵ӦѸٵϰȪĻʳܣԲ֪Ȫڵϵһ䣿ĸʱգȻǹŴȪ˵šͨߡַʽٵ˼룬޲ǹװӾǧǰģ
Ȼһ˴ȪһʷεĿζδĹңȥէľ벻ԼԼ˵˼Ҫ羰ĹʵѣȻԽܵģԼڵģǰҲǸġģӵĽְҵҲвò׷ڣɴȪһҾһѾͷ
ԽʵҲˣҵȪ·ɣȻ˼ұԼļ䡢Լ˼ɲҲҴԼԼ壿
Լ˴κٶԼסĹɫȴӵªĶСʱҵһͷΪһΣݺݵԼüѣ϶˺üȷԼʵ
ں˼Լ᲻ᱻ˹ˣע⵽ԼʷֵƨDDôҵ֣ҵʮָдУϸôһȴͬǴNDD¿ôмȦӾȦٿ⵽Ȼȣ
ȻܣҵһССͭԾһգҼʣͭȻӰģȴȻĿҷʷʵĲϵģȻǺڷʷĵĨDD
ΣһΣشϣһҪ˯صůʵĺOKһ㲻ǺֻҪ21͵ĸҵĸ깶ɣ˯˯˯˯˯ô˯ѽκʱ׻ʱѽ
֨ſˣһװ˿߽һҾЦݣˣСȥͤҲ֪Ļ£ȻˣɰŻˣùӾڸݣݣô˵ѽĲû°ɣ
ݣڷʷӵ˽ݣ˭أڵĶѽһ룬һǿ˿ڣС㣬ôƺʲôطôأ
ݣôˣҲС㣬ѽĺԺӺСôˣѲˮӣȥС㡭ı飬ģǵġ
ı鲻αװС㡢֮ĳνҵĴԷתȻ˼飬ӣƺԽĳĳĳ˵Ѿ
ʱһװ߽ĵ˵̱ҲЦҲһֳַѾͷӱͱ˳ʲôѽˮգɱ۵ùӵ˷纮
ֳַѾͷҲѾǵͼѾЩҶ湻İҴСδۣŮ˵ôڣڿ̣ƽҲֻ˳ܡ
Ȼռݵ壬֮ȻͬˡǳǸҲݣʹֳַѾͷҲҿ裡Һݺݵǿ̱ˣ׼ؾʱѾȿˣջ㣡ҲǹģҲˣڴѹ˵䡭
ߣΪ˵ѽ⸱ģҾ£ûСߣһѾͷĳã۹ӣǺùȾ˷纮ߡջԽ˵ԽŤͷתңݺݵһۣȻѾøȥ͵
ջ˵תˣȥػȥˡ
һҸոȪԼֱ⸱ģڼ֮УҵͷȷʵҲκģ˲ٶԾջĻֻǴڴϣǰһУ
ݣջϢһĻȰȥ˵žҪţҸϽסһʲôҲǵˣܸʱʲôط˭𣿡
ֹߣҲʵߣȻҲ֪ΪλȪ಻֪ܷȥȻĪȻıĪģܵ˽˽Χ״ɣȻһȥı״ңһı䣡






ڶ  ʶȪ

Уҵ֪ĹҽȪ꣬λδ֪
Ȫ羰жȪнڴȪʤĺСǴԼ·̡
ңݣ귽ʮߣСȪȨƵүҳȻҲС㣬ǸĴѾͷֻǸϲ̨棬ù͵Ѿͷ֪ʱģӅΪūˣҲͬСѾͷСһͬСԣѾǶѾͷˡ
Ļҷ֮븮ôʱǸѾͷһȷΪ󲻼ѣΪʵľɣ֮һԶ֮ݾǸʺϵ͵Ѿͷϣ˵űǲѾͷģƽֱɣһ󳤴óݲ裬СȲ裬ݵĲСζڣʶСÿ굽ĺʱ඼ǰ
˵ĿǰүȪǶȪʥϾصĻ֣˵ʵ۵үǹûģֽүֵ꣬⣬ձȨȨ㳯ҰһȪöȻڼүʴºͣרȻŵԣȻҲȪŴ󻧣弸ȪΪ٣丸ٰ࣬һɼȴֻһŮʶҹֽݶδڳְ͢
ΪүһŮӷ꿣ʮѷΪүδȢ˶ϰ߳乫ӣǴ˵ҵľˣŮ֮ʮǰѼ޸ο֮ӺζСŮ֮ܰ귽ʮ壬Һֱ˾ҺմλСĹⷽһͬĺСǱ
үλȪǵ棬ÿаʱرȣÿһʱΣŮĺСǵıԺүпգҲϼ졣
ر磬ҲرȣʶĺԺԤ϶ʮ졣ңݣĺĵ죬֮ܰС㵽ĺԺĺͤʱС
Ӿ⼸λȻ˾ʤˡĹܼҷǳСү󣬴ͷգһһŮӷһͬΪαү˱δԺŮ»Ϊ֮ܰŮǳһͣүһȻδ䵱ΪˣݵλԲͬ
ʮˣ˳ơոǿֻүָӣүİȫ⣬һҶɡѾڶ࣬·ΪȼְֹͬͬٺȻ಻ͬ⣬ߵȼѾʹ͵ȼѾϲݣʶѾԻһѾˣֱΪĵҩǾޱѾˣֱΪĺɡ𡢶÷ջͻѾ͸͸ˡǶѾһΪСΪ֮ܰѾ
һЩȪѾǼĹءڴСݣͻȻԼأҲǾ֣ǽΪˮʧȥƣҲͲٶˡ
Ȫһŵ˽⣬˺һУԼȥԼȥܣҵȻԸһӶѾҪȪһӵĻϤ취ɡ
ҵʵݣҲҸ߱ˣһ±˰ҵɷӣҲĻᱻ˵Ʒһ˶21͵ʲôĸȤͬ21͵ϣооƵأ
֮ȪʱҪ͡һָˣݡҲǴӽ쿪ʼͽݰɡ
ţһ죬ҵֻܽлص񣬵֮ǰݣҲֻݣ






  ʶ֮ܰ

Ȫĵһ죬Ҿ𺳡ȹˣϢһ죬ҼΪѾȻѾı֡ĺԺ˳Ӵ˵ΪԺ񣬴ӽʹӵҲû̫ĻҺôҲҵӴкɡ
ڶ죬ұŷʷʵȥݼҵӷ֮ܰС㣬׼ʽѾĹ״̬ˡ
סѾͷڷ֮ܰܰתת˼䣬ߵܰ¥ǰұһŮڸٵԱ߻վһһŮ̺򣬸ٵŮƤוϸü죬죬һ䳤һ˿üۼȴһ߹ʣСӦþС֮ܰɣ뵽˵һʱλ֮ܰС㻹ΣҾȥݼС㣡
ҵŮ̧ͷЦ˵ݣˣɻָˣ岻ϢҲ޷Ҳûʲô飬һ»š
ԱߵŮҲЦѽݣҲˮ˲ʱ䣬ӳãҪʲôźá
ҲλŮӱܼҷǳŮ»ˣЦŻػС»ˣԸСĵˮУҲԹñˣȴ۹ΪҶ˷纮Сġڴϲ̺С㣬»ۣȻⲻȥݵѾָˣܻ»أ
Ҳ˵ϯ֮ܰ»ͬܲĿңٻ˵ô໰
ô˵»ЦҲãݣȥСݱɣС⼸ݵĲˡ
Ѵ֪֮ܰȵ򻨲裬ȴ֪ҶͲ߷ںδãȻĿϽҽͣεˮУ֪ǷӵԵʣȥȫǵˡ
Ҫʲôط˾ʱûз֣Ŵ£֮ܰϽ˵˵ȴСһ졣
һƴǣ»һԵĽɷڷܰվӢȥ
Ϊ˳ҽȪһҽңͬ㣬ӽʶҲһͬĺԺ
»ңЦݣҾƺǰЩͬˡ
»㣬ΪˮУĺˮϴϴӵԵʰɣʱȫޣȴرʡֻúҵĴŹ
ǸǴҶĺȥϴϴӰɡô˵֮ܰЦ
˵Ц䣬»ҽܰĲּİڷţ֪ԼݣȻҲݲݷζĲȻΪ֮ܰһ򻨲衣
֮ܰ˿򻨲裬㵣ĵҿһ۵ݣ㲻ݲĳǰͬݳζһˡ
Ȼ֪ҵݲˮƽͨϣںڴǰûȥμһѵȻҲˣʧȥݲ輼ܵݣ֮ضڣ䲻˼ҶԴ˲ģЦЦС㣬Ժ󣬹ȥһм䶼ˣȥһҲǵˡ
֮ܰͷ»Դѯʣȴɷһͬݡ





Ľ 

ɷһͬݵģͬȻȴΪ֮ѡһӣ˲֮ȴ֮С
һŰһ£Ŀдżָ߹̬żıү꿣˹ģһѧ߷緶Ȼҽˡ
ˮ֮ʱ֮ˣҽұȺԼʱҽΣҵľѽôһȪĪǷһƨծѽ
Ȼǰһ纮ļҲûУҲֻٴ£ݸӡ밲лӡ֮ˮ۵ùӷ纮Ӹˡ
δ˵ĻһݾͳҵݣȥҺͿݱ
үȺ裬õ廨裬꿰̲裬֮ܰϲ򻨲裬λӵϲ˵һȻǵˣǣԶݳȵζˡ
̾Ϊ꿺һ̲裬꿼豭һڣ˲̧ͷĿңףݣݵĲôζͨƽѽ
ݵݲ蹦˵ãͷѽҵòֹһ˽ˣӣԴˮѺ֮ǰ鶼ˣݲ֮Ҳټǵã빫Ӽ£
Цʲô㲻ݲ֪Ҹôİ֪صģϰۻˣʱλܺݵѽȴžˡ
ƺĺڣѲ꿿ǧ֮ȥݣȫΪݵһֺò裿ߣȻ˵أˮижѽ˵ˣҺأҲһŮӣŮӵ˵ίһѽ뵽̲ס꿵˹ȥԭӾȫΪһݲ裬ǿùʧˣʧԺݲķȫˣӶҵľ֮ΪˣллҲˣ
δ˵꣬ҾΧ֮ܰ»ͷǻȻĵı飬ҲʶڵҲѾ˵֪ⷬ𱰵ĻⲻҪܴģɻѳڣҲֻεĿˣȴ꿲еķŭֻôһ˿˿Ĳ죬һ˿˿ζ
ɷҸźҵ˼·ԭսţʱĿˣůҲȷʵҺͷ֮òƽŵա
ҽǺͽģٺ٣ϣܹȪĵһı䡣
ǣһֻСʣԣ֣Ƭ̣üͷãϿѾȬκʧȥ䡭ȴԵʣйء
ҽҲѾģ˼ҵģڵȻ벻ǰأ
ȻڹĵĲҵļ⣬ҵ⣬һѾͷԺδлٸֱӶԻȻ˵Ȼ̫ʣһǾջһԣӿɻģ
ǰݲ̫࣬˲۹־ң֮ܰԼұŶ˵ѧԨԴСϰҽ᲻֪ҲˣȥЪϢȥɡ
ȴĿ˿ңԷ֮ܰСãݼȻˣҲк⡣
ҲһƵĿңעϣͽţӣţĵĻ룬룬βǸţҲḶģ
֮ܰǾ֣ףݣ粻˵ѾȬѵ㻹ʲôطоʣ
һٹԼΪ˽ҸҪһ㡢ƤҪһ㣬Ҫһ㣡һڹ˵ҵӣİҼʣ





  ļ

һǰ˵ʵĻԼܵ˵ףһ޹Ŀҡ
̲֮ܰסʵݣʲô˼ѽ
һȺǰ˵ʲôʡһʱʲô˼ֻθЦС㣬ˮ۵ùӾҾȵ࣬ʹ˼ʹΪⶼΪݳֵ̫Եʣͨģţӣ´βˮҲ̫۾ˡѷӦ˵ǿһЩɡ
ݣΪÿճ̫ණѽĿ𣿡˵ĻǶ̫֣һֵ֮Ҳ̲סʻǰֵ̫ף
ѾҲǺעģ걻븮ʱҲһ۵˶ȴ֪Ϊǰ˻ǱʲôԵʣһ㿪ʼͺȣֻڰͷʹ⣬Ӵ֮رû죡ģɰ֮ܰѾۼԽԽֵĴģҲֻգҸʱһҾ£˵ݴǰԵĶ
Ļ˽̲ס͵Ц꿸ЦҰһֵۣ˷һۣתҵϣDDҽ˧磬ĵЦ򣿡
˵Ŀ־ۻص˧ϣ˧Ƭ̣ͨҲʧйأضѨλԵ壬һЩѨλֱʳһ̶ȷǿԴﵽﵽšﵽ˵ġʡĿģ̧ͷΣתƺˣ˧ЦֻǣҴδԹġʡЧţȴҪ˼˼˵գ˧Ŀңѧҽ֪ĿԼʣǼļʣ
˧ѧϰͦǿģʡһѸٽܲˣǣ˰ɣҿλ˧ԽԽ˳ˡ˧ͻȻң֮ԱѿڶûԹҲѽļֶǣûѧҽҲ֪ɣ
һڣҾ֪ԼʧԣΧ˵Ĳ飬Լһ͡
Ƿ绺ݣôֶ֪ļأҲŵ춼⣬ôûԹ⡯ѽ
ˮѽˮҴ֪˳̫ÿ˲ã˧˳ô˧۾գգ͵ĶңһԽҲˣҿɸǽͲ壬˳ڴŹҸղŲС˯ˣ˵λɣʱֶļأ
˶һͷˮĿңҸϽתƻ⣬˧԰ļҶոҼҹӡС㶼ôˣԴۣٷڸ𣿡
ۣڸٴν
Լͷһ£ҺٺЦǺǣܲܿںôϤ£Ѹļʵñһ㣬ֽ𡭡ŶʱһȫҴԺÿ·ٺʱٷִθôںôϤķ£ϢŶǮɷˣ
˧ЦЦļȷδԹһ˵ҵǺԣûйϵﲻҲ޷˧˺ʵڣҲǣ˼ҿȪһҽѧҵĹӣǲȱǮģòǮ𣬿ҲƤֱ˵ˣۿ˧Ҫ˵⻰Ц
ȻҸ˵̫ˣԱ߰µӣһҪ˵ĻæĻһζĿңЦҪŰɣôȥ԰ɣݣ
ÿ꿣ȴֻ˵ѽһġ˵˰ݣȼʲҪģ
һԵķ֮ܰҲ͵͵Цˣ뵽ļʱȻ᳣֮ܰܰǸˣЦԺÿģҪЩʲôʲԤ»׼ã
֮ܰĽһ۾Ϳˣһ߽֮ܰܰ۾뿪ǣҲãҲһغˣ׼֮ܰҲһݣ˵л֮Ļȴˣӵÿ߶ףÿ쵽ҵ꿷İɡãҲС椶
С椣ᣡҵ۾ٶȲܿƵĵ˷꿣꿣˵ÿ仰ڿһ£ߣʲôСүСҺʽîˣ





  ŭ

伫Է꿷ȻѾݣһĺֵֻһ̣ߣ˲С˹Сݲƽϣүôܻأߣ꿣ܣ
ܨDDҲúЦƫͷǸߴʵӰҰɡеܣӵķ꿱ߡɡУŭʣµֻЦˡ
һֱңȤŨŨĵҷȴûϵòҪȴͻȻתΪЦ⣬Ȼ֪ЦʲôѵóֵĴ㵱飬׬㣡
˧羲ĿҺͷüۼĽս΢΢һЦˣîʱ׼ʱ꿷Ϊ󣬿ʼΪҩ
˧̸ֹ崺ѽĳ˺ǲͬնţ꿵һۣһЦ֮ܰСãվܰòˣܳ»ζСˡ
֮ܰһͬܰòȻʮϲ»ʼ»꿺ӯӯһݣӡӡС»ȥ׼ţ㵽ܰСȥˡ
Ҳ׼뿪ѾͷһãȻ֪øһʴӵģһͬȥıֳˣȻ΢˵۾жº͡ȴζʮ˵Ѿͷȥŷ׼׼ݾɡһ£˵ǷĻ죬ţɴǳ˰ɣ
21ȷʵѧ赸ǣһ裬׳ݣЧֻһ֨DDĻҵԺһֳҷʷʵŤŤȥģȻһȵ˧ҲûסԼϳ
ûй꿵ɹŭҲ룬վҪԼֻܣ
һжˣ21ͣǸ侲ϰЦŭɫְҵŮԣĪĵȪԼģˣݱˣֻܲͣңҳ̲סЪ˹һҺûƽȵ21ͣһܻȥ뵽ҲۿתȴŲֻǰ¡
էһܡһƺҪɿۿתʱȴǿѹŭ𣬲͵Ļ˻֣Ͳ£ǶʲôѽȻ裬ȥæɡ
һºƽ֮ܰȴȻǰθסˣ֮ܰС޴룬̲סС㣬ݵĲǣˣˮǲʣƢⲻѣСǸˣȥŷʰ׼
ϣһҲ֮꿣㾶ֱȥ˲





߽  

˲̫𾪣İѲ׼ˣŻ˵ݣոնŹӺأҪ֪ûӣ˵үҲ㲻¡
Σ̾кãǼŭңҸղһʱ̲סҲƼˣȻ裬뿴ҳ󣬿ǣ˭볤ôѽ˵ͻȻһܣ᲻ӸҼ˰ɣ
˵꿵䴫Ҳѣ㲻Ҳδǿ㣬ڱ˵л
˵л𣿾ǣҲֻ˵һ䣬ֻǲɱˣ̣̣̣ҿɲúòȡļʻˣ֮̿裬ССĵͷкѣ
ͷһ̧ͷƴЦĵݵˣݵľˣ˵ӵлأˮ岻ʣºԹӶðԭ£Ȼ֪ӴдһһСѾͷģңԺÿյ꿷ĺ󣬱ȻҲæ꿷ʰɨԱӵľ֮
ǿϼЦı̫꿵ϾַЦ⣬ѽ⻰ﻰⶼҲҪƽϣҲÿʰɣ治ģǡССǰɣģǡСˡҲǡˡӦĻȻDDȻŵҪ꿷ʰɨǿɾ͵μDD⣬ԼŬȡŶ
뵽ǧȡļʻûܵҲϲ߸ϵСүҺ˼ûмƽϣȻҲɵȥɨʹɨȨ˶ɣδı⣬ӦЦŴл
»׼ġ»ǳµóһͰһɫζȫķḻ˳
ţǷú˧һųԣ»ǹܼ֮ŮλҲǲͬҲһųԷҺȻվ̺ķݶҲ׼԰վһߣĺ˼룬ҿԼΧȫǿŮҵһҪɱ飬ֹ۵룬ҲԼаɣ֮һҪıݱ
֪ǲΪռ̫󣬴ڸ̫ǿԵʣүŷңݡͷҲһų԰ɣƷһڻؾһͬԷһܳȴҲ£żʺԼʱҲʳζԻ󣬿Ҳ꿱ҡͷ𵽣лã
»ȴЦݺ˾ȻݰɣţϲԵĶҲ׼һЩһ˸ȥ
ϲԵĶЩɣûɻ̫ãѾʳڣ»رΪ׼ʲôöѽ
ţһЩ⡣»ȻǺûаֻԴʹͷĻֱ˵
ܣ²һЦĿңѽ˰Ѷһɣ
ֻһҵġ㱻
꿡ͬԼĿĿҵġһ̴⣬ÿⶼһңʵֻͣڱԵһ˿һ̴İͷм̿ȥܿɿڵС˺׷ǣȻǸ׼ġ
Ⱦ֪ȷʵֻԴͰͷҶΪ»ڼŪҡ
ţҲ̲סıЦԭԭˡ
ԭˣҲ֪ôԭΪˣңɲѽ
ҵı飬֣֮ܰݣôˣƽʱԵĶѽ
֮ܰ»ϵĹңΣҿɳԲЩʹͷֻεЦлл»㾫׼ԴˮԺ󣬾ͲٰЩˣ룬һǲóˡҾ£ȻԲ˵ұҪ߳
ˡƽ˧ֿˣݹȻҪʼļʣʳҲӦϣӽտʼĶﻹҪٳԣ˰ɣ
ظĺ˿ҵıȴٴα꿿ˣﾹƺ˸ŵĻɡ
ڷ֮ܰǿҪ£Һջһšϯ䣬ҶǴ⿴ҲһۣǷ꿲֪ôģһƷȻҧһڣ̲ס˳˵ĿЦ
һϯҶ˵ЦҲԵûϲԹ󣬷꿱꿷






ڰ˽  

ʰɨŷصʱ֮ܰ»ңݣˮѹǰǴͬˣִȤҸ綼ע⵽㣡
ΣС㣬ôĸӣվôŮ֮䣬벻עⶼѽ
λŮúЦֵ֮ܰע㵹Ϊ֡Ҳ˵ʲôԵʣڵ㣬оЩˣ
ôֳӣأС㲻Ҫ˵ЦˣСЩϢɣûб£Ȼȥˣ
һҪˣ֮ܰ˵ʲôԱ߷»һ۾ȻĶ˵ݣȥ꿷󣬵һĻ᲻Ầ£ҪҺСȥ𣿡
»֮ܰɫ֪λС㶨˧磬ҲɲŮòվһҲǰ䣬װм֮飺»ܵ뵽ȥ꿷Ǻ£С»пһȥģһм
»ңЦˡֻһҺ»Ա˴˵뷨Ȼ˼ͻȻһ֪ĸо»ᡢȴƽ⣬˿¶âŮͣҲҵͣ
һصĵҵתǾ棬ϲǰݣãĬԡʵľɣȥģڵңȻ17ݵĽɫϾ21Ѿ25ˣȻͬȥչȪҵĵһˣҵҵá
ˣէҾȻȪʱҵһ֪һˡ
ڶһ磬ұһҡ˯ѣ˯ҵϰߣҲƴı۾
ݣϴһǾ͵ȥ꿷ˣС»綼ϴãѾݵˣ
꿷󣿶ӽ쿪ʼҪȥļѽ뵽һģ𴲣쵽Ҳһ
죬Ҳңһ˵һѸٵĴϴ˾鷳ֻǴϴ۵һ󺹣ܲˡֶҲٶۣ˺һӣҲŴȥ֮ܰ»ϡ
ݣرƯ֮ܰ͵͵һЦǾõԵĵǸ֮ܰ»ҺƷһ˺ƺƵ꿷ˡ





ھŽ  Ļ

ĺ֮ˣȫǱ̲߱ĺȻĺȴȫȦүıԺĺү˽أĺϰգҲԵĺϷ棬һĺˣĺʲôģҲûмˡ
˵ıԺʵѿǱɽׯˣĺԺϵΧĺǳ֮󣬶ס¥ִĺ߲ͬ㣬˴ԶҲѹÿλӶˣܰ꿷󣬾͵ĺϺһ
һ죬Ȫһ߳ܰŷʷʵӣ·ʮַѾû߼ұƣҾĿϼӳĺʱҵʱȻʣԶȽȽ𣬰ѱ̲΢ĺȵȾһɫ˾ݵͬʱյȴͬ£ȻΪһˣȻʱܻȥֺαִ̫ţ̹Ȼʵ
ӣױŨĨˡҲʫʣǲдʫʱĺã䣬նµʫ䱻Ųãѿڶ
ҵĻ֮ܰ⣬ݣʲô
ҰһнΪһ£һĺһλǵŮӣڼ򵥽ʩĹº֮ܰ겻ѣ»ͷ˼
֮ܰ׷ʣʩǸǷһ뿪棬ѽ
ʩ뷶󻷺̫ǲֻ֪õɣˣȴÿɰ֮ܰ¶üͷǴȤʫã˶ǹģڿѽȴǨDDĺ֮ܰױŨĨˡ
ҵĻһ漴Ӧ֮ܰ׷ңߣ˼״ԿĵЦˡ
ЦЦ֣һһֻһ㵽꿷ʱѾۻˣ󺹣һһ˧ģʵڲ˼ѽ
߽꿷һܣ꿷ܰҪЩװ޷ʣ䴦¶֮ȴɢ֮ĹȻѼҸøƵģܵƷζҲס
ţү˧һ˳ǣܵС֮ܰ˾΢ȡ
漴˧Ұ˰ϺƤʱһϲ˧΢΢üһĴЦ⣺һˣǰݹȾһ
һ˻Цҵʱ죬ͬһǰ˽һ̿ģаǵĲҲɾ̫ˣر𰮳òãˣȻҶ˧緢ֻתЦķ꿺ˣһɣЦøˣôЦĵ뵽ҴԼͬһСһ㣬ǳ̬֣һЦɣ
ЦЦ꿻ǷԸѾȥ׼Ͱˮ
һͬߵԡҿһĴԲľͰװа˷ˮ·վľͰС룬£ľͰˮ˲٣֪ں֣ĲҪЩʱʱ̿Ҵң꿷ĸλǣǿˮգ鷳´θҷϴˮʱֻ
ϴȴһҴ·صǰ˧罫ҴȰźõĿͷԼΪŮб趨ѨλҪֱۺͷ룬˧ȴһʱȡ롣
ʲôԥһ£˧Ļվδ˵ڣֻԸտұصǰ
һʱѰͷֶ룬ֱֱſڴϣһûһ죬ڣҹ˯磡
һĿЦҴоѣ˯ĿЦúûзȵķԼЦˣԼε°ϹȻһѵĹӣˣҲ֪Ȫ˶£ǰҿǵ󷽵ѽ
죬ֱðͷͷҲ꿣Ҳ뿴ˣ۲˵ڸضȥ治ȵĳ
һʱˣС椣ȡˣѲͷԶϣǷ
ҲǣһͷѾͷ̬ŵſ˯ڴϣ°ϻĿˮ˭˶úЦٴηģҲԶҪһһһҪأ̰ɣ̣̣һ̳ܰɾ
ۣҶȡɣ
Цȴʮİͷϵ붼ȡѰҴˮǿĵĺã
ҰϴϴɾʼԼѾһҵ鲻ָֻ˸ˡ






ʮ  

˺ÿ峿ȥ꿷ļʡ
ÿ췽ףҡ֮ܰ»ͷһ˱һ·ЦŴܰ꿷󣬷ǰ˺СĽлҡС椡ÿ಻ϼС죬δҴɨ꿷¶ȴǲǮ𡣻ãΪҩȴδҪ𣬶ڱûǮȻҲֵʱ£
ֹգλѾͷջܰ󣬴ĻҸ֮ܰһͬ
˵ˮ֮ǰÿҾȥݲDDϾҾΪŵڱԺӡˮҺúϢ죬ڵ֪念ݵĲˣ붼ͷֵۣٴνҵʧˣ֪˹ʧĻкηӦ᲻ֻԷɻѾͷϳأ
Ժ꿷ܰԶĸԺ꿺֮ܰҲԶֻÿ꿺֮ܰᵽ밲ʱһԷʱǸԸģүһӹĻǡܸ
ܰľܰ꿷ľ࣬Һ֮ܰ»ͬջһߵ֮ܰڳջδҺɫҲҿڿҡ
󣬻δ߽ˬʵЦѴ˵Ķ䡣ұ㿴ǵһλ߹Ĺ󸾵ԣ֮ܰüǽӽ˽꣬ȴһǧĵķ飬ȴʮ㣬ʱľɣǴ˵бүǧ㰮ˣ
˽ţʾ꿶壬һЦ⣬δǶ
һһ밲Ŀңݣѿ꿶˵ʧȥ䣬ȥ¶벻ݲҲǰһζˣ֮⣬ɻвʣ
ǶĹıʾһлֳԼʧκβʣҲãܼ˵ʧһ£ҾٶѿˡѲݲ裬ߵѾҩȥȡ˲Ҷ߸һõ廨裬Ȼһڲ裬ȴδԲζ׷
ǳ֣˶ΪΪݵһֺòעңҼȴܾǷݲ裬ȲಢϲãɼȻˣΪγܲһѾͷأ
Ȼʺţҿɲұ¶ҡҡͷԼȥ˼޹ص⣬ֻӦðվ֮ܰߣѾı
ףС椽ô˰꿿ǰر𰲾֪ǰΣֿʼŪҡ
Ƣ飬ԾñֳĬȫģҼĬţѹȥ꿵ơȻΧѾͷС椡ĳƺŶЦǾջ꿵ĳƺȻЦǵͷǸȤ׼ٷȴ˹ݣǰգܰܰ˵ӣŨױĨˡʫ˵ʫ˵㻹һʩĹ¡ҽһ뿴Ƿ񿵸ҵҲȷʵ㽲Ĺ¡






ʮһ  Ĵ

ұˣԲĴܰ󣬵ȻҲûӱܣֻӲͷƤ˵ЩҲҺżȻġʩǴ˵еһйĴŮ֮һòǡ
ĴŮ˭ѽһŮҲȤ
ǰҲҼֻùԹԵĻػ˵ейһӵƾʷйļǧʷУ˺ܶεĳɽĹҲٲˣйʷĸͬŮֱʩѾ񻷣ΪĴˣ
˵֮ܰ棬λŮ˭ѽ
ûǣô֪˭ѽֻܽͣλŮԲͬǵòٵӰ˵ʱҵˣԱΪĴŮĴŮ˭ȴǻݣи˵ϲɣ
ʲôСݡ
ô⣡ʮΪʲôѽҸҪ˵ݡ˵ܲ˸͵ˣԲԲѽֻһΪ˽󣺡ָŮ񻷣ŮԷ࣬񻷳ýΪĳΪʶ˶ΪԷݣ˵ӯ裬ĳǡΪʶҲǸ׷Ů
ȫ˵ͷǣұ˵ĴŮˡ
йĴʱڣʱйδͳһСС֮䳣໥սңһΪһΪԽĴŮ֮һʩԽˡ

ĸŮӾǷΪйʷĸŮӣ֤ܿġΪĴŮĸŮӾҡҵһҵʢ˥Ҫϵйأν֮ˣԼ֮ɣ
ĴŮĹ㽲һ磬ˮ˵ˣҩǾޱȲʱΪ赹ˮҽĭѲ֪ʱԼҲ˰ţǸƴԼˣʼպϵĲʱꡢ̾Ÿַḻı飬ҵıִҽµˮƽҲǺܸߵŶȵȡҵĳԲ͵һôʼűѽ
ˣһҶתͷ꿣ֻ̽飬뵽͵͵Ҳڿңȴһ˿ᡢһ˿һ˿ɻ
̾˿ΪŮӣ֮½ӦΪ˼ӦΪǣΪѡŮӾԼòҴ֣֮ǹҵˣкĿ˹ˣ
͸һ˿ĺԹȴزͬĻߣƥˣȫȴĿǰݣһЦòккһ֮𣬿ȴӲ˵֮Ҫ֪֮ĸԭ򲢲ڴˣ
ҵĻһҲԼʧԣԼĻŭס˿ڣ͵͵˿δᣬֻǣˮһ˿ɻԼһ˿ôҲ׵ĸ㺣ҵͷһæͷȥ
֮߳ܰ˷ܵҵ֣ݣ滵ôĹ£ǰҲӽ쿪ʼÿ콲һ¸ǲǣ»»æĵͷ
ҡͷ̾ӿڳѽ뵽ӵ񣬾ջ޵ı飬֮ܰݵУζʮЦݣ֪ԺӲƽˣ
ţ꿴̴ӸߵҵʱҵĶЦС椣Ҳ£㶨رϣйƳ
ܣȡЦңٶȱƵñлᱩһ٣





ʮ  Ϯ

ĸЩɻҲ֮䶨ЩΪ֪ܣҸĵǷȪӰ죡Σʱҵɵǣ磬δǰȥ
ңÿյ꿷ȥļʣÿպƵҩļЧôѸٺģһ˧ҽˮƽ21ҲʶĳɹҷǳԼؽ±ܰһŮ֮ܰȻҲڸÿǰȥ꿷󱨵
֮ܰѾҵżҲÿһ£֮ܰ˴ɰұЩ򵥵Ĺ½ѩѽҹѽ㶹ѽ֮ģ֮һǡӺ͹Ӵ˿ֵһ𡱣С۾һһģ˧δɣ
Ϥɵң֮ܰ»ʦϤĽ̵£ѧ˹ݺһֽٵ21ͣҴСѧϰٺ赸ᵯСٺͼȻֻﲻͨĵزȴӵ㹻ĵѸٵѧȪǳռһҷǳϲһżȻ֣ҺپȻԵΪִָоиĵӣһҺǿģ¸ʱ֮ܰһЩִи
ԴˮѣܰǸƽЦ֮ܰεĸңˮ֮仯֮ҵˮеǳˣ
֮ܰҵϲǺεģܿ죬ĺԺ˶֪ѾͷСϵܣÿնӵ꿷󱨵˶Ҹ߿֣֮ݣѳΪӺСĸٲٵһѾ˰ɣ뵽⣬ҷǳ⣬ۿҾǺСŮӣ
ĺԺһֱƽֵ֣ǹúܿ죬תۼ㵽˷ؽӡȻ׼ǰȴһƽ顣
糿Һ֮ܰһճ꿷ȥģھ·;еļɽʱɽʯȴͻȻִˣ˳ǰֱ֮ܰɷ»֮ܰǰ棬˶Դһŷ»ͳɷָ֡
ҿ˿ƣ»һ˶Դ˹൱Ӧû֧һʱ䣬ɳɷһжĴƣ֧̫ãһ˼֮ܰ꿷ķȥȣɷ»ƴסˡ
һ۵Ҹ֮ܲܰܣһСͱ֮ܰˡУǵĿ֮ܰҲͷѾˣϲסˣҵϵİַſ֮ܰܣȥ꿷ȣ
֮ܰץҵ֣ҸϽſ𵽣ѽץģΪҵģѽҲܣ֮ܰѽ
֮ܰ˿ļˣһҧƴǰܣ֮ܰǽС㣬˿ּȺ£ֻ˼㲻СĵڵˣæͣһͷɷѾϲסˣһѾ跨ǳˣҵϵĺ죬ȥԮ
ҧͷ󲽵꿷ҷ˵֮ܰҲǵǰţҷʷʵӱܲ죬֮ܰĽƺҲЩŤˣǰܣϵһʱһʱʱ̣ʱ
һڰ˳ɷ书ܿ׷ǣ˿Ҳ书ѹûзϣҲˣδýֻһưƿ㾶ֱȥ֮ܰ
֮ܰʱȳ棿ŵᶼѾ˳źз潣ҲǺ֮תۿ֮ܰӣҵӢ˳ҧҧӲͷƤǰȥþȫ˺ˡ䲻书֮һҲЩһʱЩƵڵء
ҸϽ֮ܰǰܣǺѾѸٵһ嵽Һ֮ܰǰҿɱһ֮ԥ
޿ɶ㣬һ֮ܰܡţұ۾һ¡






ʮ  

ߴ֮ܰľµȴҾڵϵȻ۾ֻǺŽǽȴѶ˵ϣ˵ǲš
ֻֿ꿡żɱ˹ͷĺ֪УһڣձˣȷҲȥҲ
ڰȫ뵽Ҳŷڷǰһڣұ˹ȥ
ٶһķһ۱˷꿵ǵ۾ҼǵһοĿϳ֣һ죬æۿԱߡһغͬһĵ֮ܰ˼һ
֮ܰ»ͳɷˡ֮ܰңˣѰɱĽϢˣ֮ܰЩŤˣѰˣ»δˣͬȥҼҩˡ
ѵ֪Ƿ꿾ҡ꿴Сϰ䣬ʶԶڳˣԶԶ˵֮Ѵܰ;˽ǼٷɱϵʱüٽɱңǱ޳ĪȴּԶԶɵѺ˵Ľϣں˵Ľ¾ȵʺǷ꿱һص꿷
ԭŵСүҲ书֣и̾׼ֿıл⣬ȴЦС椣㳤ô֣ҪεòãȻֹһ㻹ʣ֪ж𣿱ҵֶ۶ˣ
ʣҪڵлֱѸҭأ˻ȥֲҵģҲ㱳ҵģ˵㳤ôѽ㱳ϵĹͷεģʵιȥˣ֪ıݲѽ
һҵĻ˶ЦˣҲЦˣ˵Ѿ
ڹѽ뵽÷̵ָֻȴͣһֵͣ˵ιȥйϵҾͲˣһСôأ
оУһһɨͶˣӣΪݽÿֻһ߲˺ˮĶʲôҲԣԼǸİɡ
ҵͷҿҡߣСӣ͵ɫѣһٸ˵ܣ˧ֻһʲôˣֱǸŮ渦־ߣ
»ҩ߽ţ˧βݡŵ»˵ҩƽʱȵļҩζͬһƿҩ룬ܾأȲҩ
˧һ紺Цݣô֪ǲҩأ
ζ֮ǰȵĲͬƽպȵҩζоƫƫȥȶʪģҩһζƫůټϸղŴ˵ŻεҲ¡
δ˵꣬һŷŴ˧ǰΣյʵܣС椣ܸ˭Ǵ𣿡
ƽųһĿҵǳǿģɽ죬ԼҲιȥԭɣŴ˧ᣬͣĺˣ˵š˵˵ӣ˵үŶǹӣ
Ҳ׷ʣֻеҩӹб۾Цң׼Լȣҹźȣ
ŷһڴԼűӡ͹ҩģҼæҡͷŮǰһۣҸϽӹҩ֭һٺ٣͹Ӵأ
࣡࣡ҩ̲࣡סͣͷԼȵôż»ƽĵһˮҺ˲žúЩ
ҲˣҩҲˣûļˡȻʱûиߵ˼ȻҲûкùӳԡҸϽ׼뿪һ´ȾһڵأһԵķ꿺֮ܰϽҷסһ죬Ͻһܰܽǰɷ꿺֮ܰȴû˿ֵ˼ֻĿǣĬĬظǣɷҶðҷܰ
һ£Һ֮ܰĹϵȻˣ֮ܰΣ֮ʱΣҵԼĽ㣬˽ʽĿڽҽ㣻꿣ԼΪҾõԵʣȻǰ˺٩ĽҡС椡ȴҲܸоҺĹϵҲ׽һ㣬٣ҵЦƺЩ
֪һºҲԵ֮ܰܰңƺҷ֮ܲܰеΪ⣬ȻǸлҾıŮ񾹸ɫЩֵǣ۷꿻δȥ׷Ⱥ˵٣δǰѶʺ˵ľѷؽʱƺ죬ϢϢѹѹ
˺գǱ㿪ʼ׼ˡ






ʮĽ  ᣨϣ

ǰһգ꿺ٴܰСһȺ˵˵ЦЦҲ֣֮ܰͻȻҸұݴǰиȴͻȻ뵽ֲ֣βôһأ֮ܰЦǾҪ뿪ĺˣ뻹᲻ãǲһᣬĺɣ
ʲôѽ汦ַ֮ܰʡ
ѽǴΪף֮ԭһ𣬳衢Լϲκηʽұף˵ĻַͨʽôεļסرӡĵĽ͵
֮ܰ۾һֳͣƺã꿺Ҳûзԣ»ܰ꿷˿ʼ׼ᡣ
뵽ƽʱܱŪһתִϼȻǡҾͶҪþˣֵͣ˭ݽĿ͵ñݣƤҪܳͷ
ʲôͷѽһʣ׼ݽĿ
ٺ٣ͷʱܣڴô֤¾ô˰ɣҸϽ°϶ͬʱЦ͵꿣Ȼ˽ҵͼҲһЦȴҲδʾԡ
»ѷúﰲٵϢ󣬱ҿʼİźͲáܰǰСԺÿֳұôҰӺӵСԺСԺһյΪݳء׼׵ұôȥԷôڳԷʱ˼ԼϱݵĽĿ
ʱҺֱ֮ܰһͬţϯһֱ˼ĽĿȲ˵ҲôԶ»֮ܰ״㲻ͣĸҼвˣٶȶιȥ꿼ҵӣִȤС椣ǷϴδΪǱ赸ź׼βϣ
뿴裿תһתƳ˷һۣЦұ׼ݳ裬ôһ˵žúܾû裬ȻЩˣȻ裬ȴֻһ˫裬ҪһЭҿЭΪʣӣԸæʱҺ͹˰ɣ
Աƺ˱ǺҵʱãҪҲҪ̫ļҪȣҪСĲҪҭŶ
ٺ٣ݣ룬ҾһǱȽ㳪裡ҿԺɣΧЦҲֻʱװˡ
ֻĴڱҳɹһΣõңڿʼͰ˼ڷ
Թһ˵ǰԺֻѾ̴ǶѾԺȺ򣬾ǻ˿ڵĳɷҲǰԺҶνġᡱǳѽ˵21͵˵ʵ̫ͨѰˣһȺҵӻۻǣڹŴѽŴ˵ʵ̫ƶˣϡƽԹ˵Ǻġ
ֻСԺ˺üӣÿ϶ԤȷһЩС죬ΪףˣҲر׼һЩˮƣЧʹȻܸߣõ˵ͷôºұʽʼ
һݻᣬ֮ܰ
֮ܰе㺦ߣȴҲܸǰֱ֣һ֮ܰСϰݣһֹݾ˵ȪҲǷǳģֻ֮ܰŵزңָ⴫˳¹ӳһϮµ֮ܰȥͬһ͵뷲ӣڳ˶ˣҺòװγȥ۲һȴҲЦգԭŵ˧Ҳ𺳵͵ʱ˧ɰıͺˣ
תͷ꿣ĿԼãǷ͵ЦݨDDûȥֻܸϽתͷȴͻȻ»ıЩ֣һ֮ܰһֿԼɼӨӨ⣬ϾȻдԲλģһȻԭ»֮ܰһǸ˴֮еůӡ






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»ڵ֮ԸԶҲȥ֮ͬܰκζԶҲҪ֮ܰѹǣĸȴǲջأ»ʹѽ֮һ֣мֵܹѽ
֮ܰһվɵ̧ͷҵı飬Сߺˣ֮ܰ޴ĿҺ»ҸϽѯһĿ˭ݡɻΪ֮ܰıݹھʣû˸ҽűһĿͻȻ뵽׶԰ʱĻĴһ԰˳ֲһ仨ЦһϷΧһȦȻԱߵ˴仨һλݵ򱳶Ŵҵ٣ٵ˿ʱֹֹʱ˭˭ݽĿ
һͦ˼ܿΧһȦʾ˼κҲһͬ
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ŰӦλҶ٣Ҷᵯ٣ұĲŪҼɣͣ£λȴҵ̧ͷһĻЦҪγҳһ£21ʱKʱһ׸ߵٱ߳ƵסԸ˳á
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´ʵĺþͲ˵ˣ֧ݵɤӳҲȷʵбĶ21͵ңָкܺãɤҲɫݵɤȴ񣬸ɵһͣȻǸʤһ
׸裬಻Զˣһ˲侹Щˣ֪գǷҲһ£У˿ûע⵽һרעؿҵķ꿡
Ǻɵĸҳ꣬Ǿ˺һűҵ֮ܰݽ㳪̫ˣ׸ôǰôѽԺҳѽ
ſɰ֮ܰҵҲůƽ࣬ת۵Ŀ꿣ȴקקЦСܰһСȫҲΪˣҺüɨȥ
ȥļֽӻӵһ֧СмѾͷҶӵҲ˻ıݣͼٵʹɫѻ꿻ϣȴһҲûгɹԵ֮ܰһϽλֻܵһ֧裡ʣ֮ܰÿһαݶֳɹ˧磡
ֿģǰоŷֳɹɣҿһֵźǱǷ꿺ﾹȻûнӵ˧ȻһĿҲûбݣҲ̫ʧߣ꿺ƶָ֣ϵĶȻˣֱֿϷȻȲǣ
ߣֻбˣ´ΣҿɵϸһϷҪ´ξ桰Ļðա





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ʱҹ꿷ĸλԼȥ»ƣ֮ܰطϢܰҲظ
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ңĺԴĺԺϲڳϦ¹ӳµĺС
ߵĺߣҹɫģ¹ͬˮкĺĺϣ΢ĺˮ̲΢ߵҶƮֻܰüùͬ⣬һҹ
źߵ£ұ۾ŷŲ㣬Ŵ˿ԼҸȻ˯ˣ
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ҲЦѹл˵²һʯӽռ˶ҵһ¹һǧǼʱŮԺиֵģȻǲֲ⼸仰
ҵЦ΢΢ͷĿ,ˣ
һȣһѣţͷĻص¹࣬ĺɫͬɾ
ЦЦδƽʱǰҶ죬ȴֻҹȥ¹µķһҡұԹԵߵߡ
δ˵ֻǾںߣĿźˮź΢硭
һ磬ұ紵ѣ𷽲ң𣿡ƺƺǣȴ֪ǻá
δȡЦңֻͻܰ
߻òƽڴϨDDǣҵģȴͬĺǱһغˮҲƽںߵŴ˯ţݺȴһҹߡ
ǵĻɣɫ̫ķ̫ᣬڽĳɲǣҪһ𵽰ͷͷȻȻȴԼµݺò





ʮ߽  

峿ʮɵĴںƺƵĳˡ
ǰǼҶмֱǸλӵѾԼװƷҺΪ֮ܰĸ֮ܰ»ͬδѾһͬ˳
·;ԷϢʱ꿣һҳĻЦ糣·ҹδĺ·ҹĺõһйֻҵξ
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ҺĴ⴫˵еȪǹȻŴʣֱ߼кɵĴУҲٽֽССַǳҰ¾һҪҸú
ڳʻ˴ԼʱǵĳڵλڳϵܴǰпӵִʱǰվŴӭӣܼҷǳŲٵѾжӻӭĹǣүȻվӭȺǰУү谮֮˵ѽ
һүЦЯŰӰŮүһ˾档ĵĴλȪķүַ׳úֻү沿ΪǷһǸɣӲʽɫ˭뵽һжʱǾһ棬ʱĿķݡ
ҲɶλүøУӦ氮ҲָѽǺǣ˭Ҹֻ֮оη֮ģаˣȴȽƫá
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ҺסܰԺѾѾΪ˼ķ䣬ҺסһݣүѾ˵ס޴ҲǿǸ
صұϴ£Ȼܰȴ֮ܰףҵѾģʽʼˣĺʱԺвѾҶЩȥ˵˲û̫֮ܰϤΪҲˣڱԺʱҲûΪѾԾ͸ܣ֪صһж᲻ͬ´СѾҶ̴ڶ࣬ȻǳϸȻ֮ܰңδҵָİ취ǰûѾıݡ
Ҳ֪ǰ﾿Щʲôʵ˵Щӵ飬ǰδڲòΪѾȻҲЩ飡ɰ˫֮ܰӰԺصܰԺ󣬾ĵԺֻ߱ɣǹԹ֮ܰ氮ˣ
꿷ԺһţдصҪصԼĸϣΪҩҸ渽ҩַҩͨĺʮܼʣҸоȷʵһЩҸģԼ˺ֽͨнʳ˶ټҩһغ䲻һܱ21ʱϸģȻٿѵϵ⣡
ϻصѾʱʮܰԺѾѾ۵Һ֮ܰҵ̬˶֪ڵλǲͬСѾͷǱΧߴߴʸͣ˷ܵĸСýĺԺ顣
֪ˮı仯֪Сʱͦ飬СѾͷĽǰͽᣬСѾͷǶʧȥеܺ棬ĵݣǰĲǵǱѽ
ݣˮʱǹԾȵ𣿡
ļʣѾͷĿоĽԸ̫ҸˣܹӺ򣡡
ѹο˲ѽ
ˣݣ绹ʵأĺûУпʱȥء






ʮ˽  

СѾͷ˵۸ظݺҺø徲뵽ղһЩСѾͷĻ˭ѽ
ǴĹ£һֱɺˣһһֱرչˣŮһ㣬֪ϲԷ⣬͵͵Щأ
ԭڳôһѽѹһѾɫȻԳԵô֣ĿĴݺõģȻˣҾڶʱȥݷðݷѽ
21ҾǸص·գοǵһ¥ڶࡢ·۸ӵֻ˵·ҵõѽǣڶ磬ұ˸ҵĴһ·һ·ĵĸ˵·ߺͱ־͵˳ҼȻܰԺȥˡ
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һʱûӦѾ嵽ңȻЦóΪ׼ĺö̷⣡
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һȻѷŻ˳еʵûʲôɣôࣿô˵ҪЩʲôȥ׼
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ϲұÿʻãһ磬ңĵĸ죬ЩӶҵ˼ҳʱ˰Ŀɰģĳɳ
Ȼǵһθ棬ȴĵϲҲǳԼȪֶһˣΪ׼ķҾ;лˣ





ʮŽ  ɷͤ

ұ׼ԼܰԺˡ
һĳϣҴĻڽϽռֽܴɣСˮ̨ͤ¥һȫʱԶԶһСԼһ򳡵ĴСбֺɻһǳµͤӣҴǰĴ԰׾԰￴ĺɷͤɻ鿪ʱͤлٻС⣡
뵽Լļ첽ĳСȥͤȥСһ߹հ˹˺þãż·Ѿܵ·ҵСɵСʱȴֺͤǶϸһڴ˳ǲҴ׼ĵ¡
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ֻӲͷƤ˹ȥ룬ڳǲںɷͤСȥһ»Ҳôұ㿪ĵ˹ȥ밲ұ㰲վһԡ
Цոռһ·Сܳͤôתأ
ܴܲ׼ͤ͵СһڴˣȻҸЦȥºݣһʱҲ·ݣ
Ҳ·ʲôôģ˵㲻ʧ𣿣ţݣҾԴˮӵǴͬˣҿÿʣֶ࣬˵ᳪٺСţʱ㵽ԺһӰɣ
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δңֻǶһԵҩ˵ȥ˸С˵һҷ̺ţһȥţ˰ĶҲԺɡӴҽֱӵԺأ
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ⷬ˵úǵ壬ȴֻĿһۣڰʾվһԣ㲻ˡ
վͤҰΪλ̺ȴôҲò𰸡һ΢紵ŵǵĵҶ㣬׾԰ġɷͤȡʵ̫ˣĸĺ֣ͤ˼άһתƣұ㲻ȥҵĿģֲݣʲôͼʲô21͵Ķף֮ˮͣһһ
һֱںɷͤʱ䡣ͤһԲֻȺȲ£żҲҷһʱᡢʱˡ





ڶʮ  Ժ

ŵѾˣǻ˰Ժ
ﰮԺĲʱѾãүڲǰȺĺԺʱ꿺֮ܰͨǸòͣصʱүŶ磬˹ûأ
ݣүǰ£ǵĶһЦ㿪ʼһͬԷѽ
һ˲·ڳʱֲҳΪ׼Ĵ⣬ڻֶڰԺٶҲֻվСΪү׼ζԣɅſˮ
ǿԼ۾ȥϵʳȴܲסŵ˵ζ̲סĹþˣҼݵѾͷһ̿ı飬Ǻ޲ڸضȥүȻҲⲻŵôעһСѾͷأ
һѾͷүЦ
ү֮ܰԺѾͷᳪ裬ὲһЩ£һӣҽⷦЦᡣ
үͷҲٶʣֻǻӻǶȥš
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ҩҵĹԣԴҽĴ˵ĹºÿμҶҺȣһҵĻЦݣĶӹеȫݵ˶õҵȻ֪ԱߵѾҲЦҩֽŵմĹ⣬ǽ춼Էˣ
ұЦҲСң׿ԽĹ
ҩһЦһ㽱һɣ
һϽŶǻŽи׿Խ׵˰ɣһЦ
ԹҩԾջ˵ջﻹһմʱڰԺסһӰɣڴȥŶҷ˶ٹķԸ
ջĲ⣬ȴҲҶײҩֻôҵ䣬ջӺܰԺסķ࣬մΪиѾˡջҽݺ󣬱Ҳ˵ҿ˵ˣǲֱֳѾͷסһֻǿҩӲס£ֻʱסҵĶһŲҪŪҵĶߣɱû㣬һߵġ
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үźȥ鷿һѾصҡҵ£ңʵݣȥ¶һҲǵ𣿡
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һֻлһ̧ͷȴƳջϼĽִмֻ顣
ѵ˵ѧϰʲôĺ岻ɣ






ڶʮһ  ħѵӪ()

մ磬˯ұ㱻Ӵ򵥵ϴźҩǰȥݻѾĵ
ĵܹܵġ߼ɲסһСԺԶӣԶ밮ԺԶһӵʱߵ·;УҩңĵүѾүѾʮ꣬һתҩүĵʼѾĹѵδʽĵʵѾܹܡ˵ĵѵѾǳϸȷѵﵽϿ׼ѾĵеȻħѵұĵѵѾ࣬ѵѾͷѵлԲٿͷĵ϶صȴԱίθҪĹ˺н֪֮ЩĻ׾ջϷḻ
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ĵ귽ʮ˾ӣȷĵִЩޣɹһԱ㣡̾ѾǿŮҪŮôѽֻǣ˵λ˲֪ιδޣҪ֪Ȫ䲻飬ҲӶŮӣŮӶʮ˾Զĵȷʵࡣ
ҩĵҵ󣬱뿪Զӡҩһ뿪ĵվǰ´ңʶֺĵתȡһСӣҴһ飡
޸ԴϴѧҿҲûʶˣǰҵСѧ̧ͷ飬ҵ۾ĵʱұæԼ£òͷʶҲķչģ
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Ϊ֤ڰȫʵĻȷΪṩõʹӷƶֲᣬԼѾҶΪ淶ʹӵ
һڵѾҶΪģԼ̺򣬼Ϊԭ
ڶڵѾҶճͳһĹ涨װڲЦвľֹΪΥһΣ򾯸洦Υϣ򷣿һµٺ
ڵѾҶʱ𴲣ʱߣΥһΣ򾯸洦Υϣ򷣿һµٺ

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ֻǣҲԼǲֻصѧʱͲ֪ĵŮΪҵѧ˶ŹΣҲ֪Ƿ˵ԪԡпԺĩΪ飿Һܸĵд׶԰ѧӦԽҪ˿ΪṩϸѵϢ





ڶʮ  ħѵӪ£

һʹֲĵվӵ룬ʽʼ˶ҵĵһѵվ
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ˣݣϣãڿϢһˣۻ˵ҸϽ̱м䡣
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ҾȵĿĵ޹ĵ㣬ղŲ˼𣿡ѲɣҾ۳˻
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ڵ緹ʱ䣬ĵߣĲȣʱܿϢһ˰ɣ
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ĵ㣬ҵĶӶҪҵĶӶֱлˣǽһԷԹ緹ѵҰɣһ˵һ߻ƴϼĵЦ
ĵһĮȻĿңУ˹ͣΪѾٶҲǲܳԷģ
飡ĵֱǸ۲۵ʱңƴѹեҵʣͶʱ䣡ߣֲҷʣƾʲôѽһ𲻴һƦƦĻصĵ㣬θһеѪǣ㲻ҳԶҪǶǮҳѽ˵գұԹԵ׼ץӨDD㲻òѵҲ͵Ͱɣ
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ĵıһڻļҲûУָɿˡ
ôһҵϾȻӡһȦϣѹָղôۣû˼Ưû˼Ұλû˼Ҹߣ书Ҳû˼ҺãѵҾǶҲ˵ˣ
ѵ·˲ˮӭͿ͵һϵеǣȻʴӱҽҲϣɱϾûŴѾѽҪﵽĵ̵ҪǲòѧϰҵѧϰǿΪ͵ԭö̫⣬ѵЧʺЧǳĺãˣҵжħŮͷĵ⣬ѽʱˡ
ʱֶֿʡ˫ȼ֧ŲסԼأ͵͵ǷװϢһʱĵڿϰɣݣڿԻذԺˣǵîʱ׼ʱ
µĲȸͲΪ׼緹ǣѵİڼΪ˽󲻱ԺͿɵúݺݵĶԵ㶫ƴĶȵˮ
ҵǸֹ۵ĺùֻһұɹԼֹ۵Ӯ˼άҰοħѵҲҼѽ





ڶʮ  ƣ

һյħѵƣ߻ذԺ
·;Уǡ꿣һ˧ҲȥԺңһģС椣㵽Ķȥѽ
Դĺص񸮺ұһֱûм꿣ʵ˵⼸ʱʱţżżģ᲻ǣֵʱʵ̫̫ˣ죬ҵ鳬ã˭ҽĥǰһܵĥ࣡ߣ˵⻹ǰͣҵ˷һۣԸǰߡ
ҵ꿵ϰΪ˧һ𾪣ҿ˧һۣüۺ»ú񣬱֪ݡ»ķϣҶЦλǷɣ
ҪڣѾȷʵǣС椣ҷ֣˶⣬Ա̬ȶܲѽܸԭ𣿡
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ЦŴӦղ֮ܰҲġֻǣ֮ܰһҪܰԺʵԼܾģһжÿ˵ѽ
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֮ܰճңүЩ죬ֻǵĿһۣתͷ꿣꿶𣿡
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үһ˵Цһŷţү˵˲
үһĿڲº֮ܰƺһ£ñ»ס֡»վһԣһζŶӾүһšԴӽԹ緹һҶûԹκζδˮͣظվ֮ϰڵңĺܶܿʺۣʳҵĶֲĽл
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֮ʱȷ治ܼʳ˵ʫʥŸ˶֪˵ȴδȥѭ˳ϲңȻԸĸ˼ʹȴҲѸٵҵθ





ڶʮĽ  θʹ

үһҳԹ֮ܰ˽ǰȥ֮ܰѰĹݺٶ˰Ժҵ²ĶүҺݽոǱݼֻӰɣ
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û뵽ҹǰǶ˵ĵĻػ΢¶⣺ллģݵ޷
ҵĻشоԷһ˿ŭģôأ
һ߹Щϲŭ޳ҲֻܾվһԵȴֺܿƽͷѩĴĴΪҪǨŭӦúúչݸҵġ
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ȻԶӴ˼죬һбһЩ֣ҷĵ۾ܹܷǳӰתֻҪǳӰ֣ĵ㿪ʼЩ겻ᣬѵʮδɣţлҿɵðҵʦѽҰ¾ġ





ڶʮ  ݼ

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ԼƵϣǶˣ߹һ֣ģŸӰѽȰݺݵĴһ٣ٰ˶Ҵظ
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룬ĸɫһߣȻұ嵽ǰ߹ҳֵķŮԵƣץҧϵüʱǼʱɣ
Ϊ磬ΧɽѾ٣޵ļҲµԶԶţ±Ƿ֮Уңв֧׶༪ˡ





ڶʮ  

þȫٵ߹˺ͷ϶˺üȭҲ̫Կ߹ǵϺ඼ҵץۺӡȻһڻܼôãȫ߹öԸһŮʹȫԸҽ֧ۿҪǶץߣһԴҶ춯ס֡
ӢԸⲦˣ֮ѽһͷһȴһʮһڷԶԶվһͦľһСһвЩʧ
ʾǲϾһСǶٹȻ޿ֵµСӣҹܱү£ѽ֪ү˭𣿱үĵ̲º˻ү
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Ҫǰ߹ȴסЦ㣬𼱣Ҹ˲㣡
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ЦЦ˵绹бҪ죬ȴһͬɽ
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Σɽ֮Ұ˼ȭȻҵջ





ڶʮ߽  

Ӻɽظļպ㰲һܰԺֻǣÿ֮ͬܰԺ밲
뿪ԺǰһһشϲѶԭҾδܹ֮ңΪѾֻ֮٣ùүЩ϶ʶѴѳҲ뵱ѾԻҰţ
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֮ܰĬһԶҵݽ㣬ȥ뿴ϲˣʲôģ˵˵ţֵ֮ܰ
ϲ֮ܰܲ˵ᣬ֮֮ܰһҾûˣٿ»ҲȥƵģұ˵ͷȥ˽һܺãٳܵҪȥԣ





ڶʮ˽  ¥

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ʱۣתۼ䣬뿪ࡣ
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ǵʱڣһһҽԶ뿪
ҵңڶ죬ұ뿪ȴֲ





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һң뿪ԸĻӴˣȪһѾݣһڵķ
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ܿ죬̱ð粺¥ýʿβѣΪ棬³粺¥ʢǰ
ԴЧҺ粺Ȼ⣬ͬʱҶǱмͷѹҺ粺ʮѿֻǵһѿסղ粺¥Ĺؼ粺¥ĿǰԽǳɹ粺¥ӰȻҲԽ󣭣ǱεɹУ粺¥ȻһɨƣлΪ¥ͷµҵ׼෴λʧܸգ粺¥粺ڵȫô̸Ǿˣı·ˣԣ³˵ĵ죬粺¥еĹǶԣǱˮһս

ǱݱĿչװǰͰĽСѽԼװ˼·д˳ɽõĹǹĹƶеװ޷ȻµǮʡˣװ޷浱ȻԶ໨ЩǮˣʵ֤ڽǹǮһֲԩֻ˶װ޵Ҫ󣬽Ƿ㹤ʦ㽫ΪʵĹˮƽˣ
ͷϷ̨ҵ룬̨ĵײһˮأˮصϷչʦĽʹ˼̵Ķľذ壬ȴﵽͻЧȷ̨ȹԺͰȫԡ̨ķһɻľϽĿҪɲж򰲲ʹá
̨֮µλֿӽʶȺԵȲͬ˵ĲͬҪ󣬲˲ͬλȼڶ¥̨λһΪεİ䣬ԹĳЩĿʹá
ʦҵҪڴĸλԤ˼ȷܴﵽЧȫĵƻλ
˶ҵƻý϶࣬ʦǻ˰ȫʩͰȫϵͳ

òϣҵרѽҵڵ̳߰һЩյЧȷһ֤һǮһֻĵ

װޡ߻ͷװƵȹ׵Һ粺ѹټһȷոԵĽĿ
չǵ˼ʱ粺˾ǣ׼˻򳪸ٻʫĽĿǽ׼ĽĿݸҺ粺쿴аޣŴ¥Ĺǲչ಻ĵӲٵĺָУĸö滭мֹףûйĽĿǣĿǰȴǨDDеĽĿףû̫㣬ﲻ޵Ч
˼һԹ׼ĽĿʶȸȻͨƹԽĿаװֳݳѶ֪ƹʱ𵽻ΪãֱӰ쵽ݳЧ
ҵĹ۲죬Ϊ粺¥Ĺ޵Ļ衢崿üѩòڹΪɫֲִͬŮ粺ǾڵˡڽĿĸ棬Ҹݻķ̸һӡȷĻ赸ٽѩ೪Ƶġ¼ʱСüˮӣǵĽĿЩĿȷ󣬹ȥϰԵĽĿҺ粺빤ʦǽĹͨƹⷽкϸµİţȷϸ

ǰڵЧòƲΪǰգ粺粺¥Ϲ˿µǳƳѦμ㡣
Ѧμ㣬˵ƳĲŮѦηģ˵Ѧνһز֬ľݵɽĸۣ뾮ˮƳ˷ĺɫֽţѦƵֽʫˣ˼㣬ǶѦμ㣡ѦһŮڵĲ飬Ѧμձ˷ϵ
ңȻ鷳ȥֽţֻϵֽŲüúϵȵ֬ˮнݣֽɺ˴֬ķɫֽ㣬ջȴģֽʫ䡢дԼֻƬ粺ר˽Ϲ˿͵С

׼ȴ˳Һ粺ȴЩ˷ܵľյ٣Һ粺ɿ£粺¥йԺͬȼһѻ𣬴е³˵٣ֻգǱҪԼ齫粺¥ȼ㣡






ʮ  ޣϣ

ڳﱸ粺¥Ľһʱ䣬ÿһҡ粺Լ粺¥ÿλԺĶ쳣æµÿһգÿ˵ȴֱʵ֡ʵֵţﱸڶʮպܿȥ³ת˲
Ȫ³ֻǸͨӣ˵صǲ˳ķףʱδʱ;һĴͳոп꣬˵شʱңֻϵ粺¥һ飡
δ칫ĽĻʱ䣬粺¥ſڱѾվ˿ˣΣ粺ɳԺΪǶ˲ˮά򣬶ɴڳǰļѲӡ
ʱ
һϲı粺¥һ֮õʮ񲼶ʱʮ컨¥Ʈ䣭ר·ģִͬһ㣬ں񲼱ضλ÷ϻĺ˿ֻ鳶˿񲼱һ컨
粺¥ǰȴʱ˺˵ΣէһǽĺȻΪ컨ʱһ㶣űһƬ˳ĽĻÿǶԽ粺¥Ļ˼Ρ
˵۹»ص粺¥ĿһµĴʱֻźߺµĻԺӵķڴԣ粺òĹЦӯȻվſӭ
յ粺һúõɫغβλͣϥµĲλλǶͬɫϵɴƳɴƬ廨䣭·ȴһƬ״ıɴοⲢޱ¶ȴĳг粺콾˵ĺͽ۵գ粺ͬһҫۣȴ˵޶ףƽռ粺ĳǣ˿಻ɾ̾粺յľޣ
½߽ţ粺ÿλ˷һ粺¥֬ʼֽƳɣ£ƬһСʫΪλ˿˽λǰ粺ˣյĹͽԿ쵽λýϼѵλţλѵļλ粺ԤǰˣȻǰ׼ֶ׵粺ֳּ¶ۼ˿ķŽ
ÿ˽ţͳһʽͬɫĹǱ㽫ӦλϡǰѾε˸ֿͻ¼ʶԺɫ˲ʱɧţǵλǱж
󣬻㽫˼յĹʱøͣλûȻݸ£ΪĽĿ׼ˡ
ڵƹⰵȥͬʱ粺ǫ̃´ʡ̨粺һ׷װ׷װҸ۸Ƶģۣͬ̿ͬĺãͬĸ߿ͬϾ廨ʽͻȪеŮװʽԼϣ·ĶλıɴŴ׷װ粺ǰǴྶͥȴͬĽޡ
쳣Ը޵粺죬̨µĿ˲ͷ֣ɷýյ粺ر
ԼǣСͬУ֣Ƿ粺̨رö
ѽƺ̨֮ϻл𡣡
ҲɰЦرöԭ̨µˮأǣҿɲܸǣ
粺ǣǰĵƻͻȻӰô£ȴ̨˳󣬴ڵĵƻ̨ʼ
ڿ˾̨һֻǰ̨ѱµİɴס͸ɴԼɼ̨ŮߵİŮ΢΢߸٣мŮѰڳһƣұߵķŮͤͤվ̨ϡ
̨ǲɵס˺˫ۣ˶뿴λŮģǱİɴȴ棬￴ֻѥɦƫƫȴɦ˽԰ǲİɴ
ƵĴڣɴʼ̨ϲԵüգ̨Χĵƻȴٴβİȥʼ䣬ŮתΪ飬ŵ÷ŮչĸŮ趯һУõƻã
ʣ̨ĸǾķ³ϣǣĸ˵ĳ棡ãȻ˵Ŀʱ̫Уƾģκü֪˽Ϊѵõļˣ˵İɴ͵ľƫ˸ͣ
䣬ֹͣƻڽɰɴȴĴȥλ˶԰ɴȻ˳
ȻֹƺпţȴѲѰ̨µδһţ˺һӣȴֱ˵ͻУеĿ˶ڽлλ˶ԼһЩĿֱӺż߾ȻֱӰ̨
̨ɴԲĻ΢΢̽ͷۿ̨һżףֻһɣòƱҺ粺еĻҪãֻҪµĽĿ©֮ڣӦò粺¥Ե⣡






ʮһڡޣ£

Դ粺¥˺ǰԳ֮Ϊ嶯Ŀˣ粺˷Ī˿ȴԼŤϸֵ̨
Цһ粺̨˵лλүղ粺¥üѩΪҷϵĿĿ粺¥ԸλүٱԻӭλүǧĪҪżǵĹǻүǷ׸õľʽĿ
ͣЪ粺ֵȻǵĹǱݵλүɱ˹ǣλүλǰһͶƱλүλĿݵóģҪʾĻΪͶƱֻҪλүǰϵͶƱɣٲۣǶԹǵĹÿͶƱ϶ӡ˸λүλţÿĿ󣬶йǰȡͶƱǽнĿͳƳͶƱƱĹｫΪ粺¥֮ͶƱߵλ򽫻粺¥Ĺϲλλүɱ𿴴ۣǧͶƱ֧Ŷ
˵粺ּ򵥽˹;ȻһĿˡ
˿ĿҺ粺칲ѡʮݽĿüѩͻ򱻰ѹǳ
ÿλıݽԳɫر𣬼ЩĿ̨ͨȡʤǽѣüѩͻ˵ǳʱ̨µĿ˸Ƕ侪Ϊˡ
֮УüȳƵ̨İɴ̨˼̨ϱͬˮɫ̳ɻԺ̨ĵĻζͬˮüһƵϸ٣ǡƺǳӡӳ£һϮ覰µüƼ̲Ⱦӣˮ̨ˮصĻ֮Ǹ̨һʱΪԼɾ֮üȻջ֪
ѩ࣬ѩݳһ¼ʱСʱ̨ѸΪһɫ񣬶̨Ϸһ״ĵ̨ȥ̨ϳѱΪҹһɴµѩ໳һֻСں߶ǳͳöĸã߶չȵˣ˲Ļ̨Ϊ֮ۡ
˵üǳ׵ӣѩǡĵڼŮǻԸҫ۵Ůһ֣һװĻ踦һǳó¶ֻһµ΢¶С䱡ɴͿǾչջ󣬶ϵԴĽÿһŤϵŶ죬ֵഺջˣ˵Ƕ⽿εĽдһ˿ֿ˽޵˳жȻգ̨߷ֱļУ޲ǧɢΪա
ĻĿʮһ̨ͬϳһġԲҹ
߳ǵıʱʱʣıĻĿȴֶֿܰ¥޲оرֿ֣˾òУǺĵͶƱ
ͳͶƱʱ粺齱ڡƷΪµСƷнĿ˾ԼΪˣδнĿ಻̫ʧϾҶѰӵģнֻǶĲͷ
ƷϣͶƱͳƳҺ粺ϣƱһѩڶüӵĿˣ̲ĹӼںɽϷĶٳ¶¥ͶƱ˰ӡׯׯͶƱһǧӵõ粺¥Ĺ벻ǣͶƱ˾ȪүŸλүֻ֣ȴϾΪ㵹ϧΪһǧ
ݻڽλƱߵĹֱ粺¥λ½VIPڸԵİڡ;ۡҲ˱Ĺ棭ӦɫǱ㲻Ҳĵ¶ˣҪ֪¥ĹＴģ崿ȥٲ£ӦҲֻСһ
лĻʯͷƽأڶڣ粺¥϶صˣ
ȷʵ̫æµɣ˿̵ңеĵǸһ£ƣϮ粺æкĿǣұĴӺ̨˳ԻصԺϴ˯ˣҵֻţҹҪһµߡ






ʮ  ݵЪϢ

ͣ
ϴ׵ϰԵȴɴȻٴ͸һţұ㿴粺СԺʯϣҳţЦĳ˹
ӭ粺Ц粺㣬ڵ𣿸ﲻѽ
粺ҡͷЦµģҲǸһ֪ʱҿ֪ۻˣţ粺ҵֿĵĽЦǽĹˣ治֪лл㣡²¿һ׬˶ţǧǧأѽǹȥü׬أ˵˵һ϶ϲֻۣŵˣǺǣ
粺¥ֵļƣұ֪ȻףɸһһȻߴǧӣǾ˷ܲѣ粺ﻰڸǲס˷ܣ಻Ц̫ˣûѽ
ͣһ£ֵѽֻһõĿʼպ󻹵취ҪⱣֳѽ
粺ͷЦţǻҶأ˵գ粺ӶͳƱŵЦĵ׬˲ǮȻ㣡ģ˵粺¥۽ģ˵ĻԲǣ
֪粺¥ʱȱʹĽӹƱ粺Ц粺㣬ҴǰֻǽӣڰңѾˣ粺¥ǽѪôôױ߽Ѫأĳⲻ׼粺ĺ⣭粺˵ԭ⣬Ϊ𱡱ƺʵ̫̫̫ˣҿɲԸⱻ˽衱衱Ǻǣ
粺ȰңҸæתƻ粺㣬Щպ̸Ҳ޷ǵǵóʱϽһĻأҪ֪յĻɹƾһλǲǳģ
粺ǵͷѽ⼸ȷʵúúԺİţյĻý̸һµˡ֪ǵĽĿԷƵү̾˵Ҫأ
ҲŶүҲ֣粺¥ĿıãﻹҪѽֲʲôƯ
粺Цѽʣ᲻Ư
ҸмĿһ粺죬ԴȪƺֻ粺һ˰οƯԴ粺¥󣬴ԼΪÿæ˼װ޺ͻϸڣæµųﱸ飬ҵƺȷʵ˲٣ⲢΪվӵģ21ʱҳÿ첻ʮξҲհ˴ΣԴȪıվˣտžԼ̲סȥײǽˣԣҵķҲһ澵ӵģΪеľӶѱֱӵ˴¡
粺ֵ˵үһû벻ȻᣡǺǣүѽϲǻ˻ӣҪأ
һ£粺ֽŵүҽȥѽһұǵĻȤ뵽ٰģȻЩ⣬ү㣬ҲѽԼǺ粺¥Ļʦʲôģɣ֪㶨Ȼ˵㲻粺¥ĹǺ˼ҵŮֻʱסѲŰҳģүҲûʲôӣҲԸȥҲˡ
ĵͷ粺˵ûҵȻǳԸλүȻǻ׹ݣȻͬΪүķʶҺò˹ϵôԸ꿳ϵұٴθ粺ǿǰԺκοˣ粺ΪЩɫˣȻӦҲͣҶЩɫ֮ͽøС
յæµ꿵Ĵ֪࣬ĵ׵ȻԵռһλãÿҹ˾ʱḡͷϾǻ˼ǻᵣԻϣսϡﶼܹƽ˳
꿣ͷһ̰ɣҵͷϿߣȴʱ̵ʹȻɱ֪ΪûûΪ᲻ãңԲ̴ܰĵ׳׵Ĳ






ʮڡν

³˵ĵ粺ҵĽ飬˺粺¥ÿˡʮ˺Ͷʮ˶ھлУÿʮ˺Ͷʮ˾Сͻÿ³нΪ͵Ļͬʱ粺¥½齱ʫϷյȻͻȻ뵽ִԪӾ磬ﷺһµ뷨ҼƻѡԪӾеһЩĿʱд٣粺д籾粺¥ĹԺǳݣݺúΪƽĿ̽̽гӦ
ȻĿϴ£ֶҲҪϴ£ӪģʽҪƶȻ粺¥½ĳʵһЩˣ粺¥ܽһѭܵõΪõ漰չ
ڻ棬Ҹ˲ϲ̫׵ĽĿ粺쾡Ȥڵ׵ĽĿҲ粺¥Ͼ¥ԺҪװߣǾֻܹЪҵˣԣȻĻڵףջٲ˵ģҺ粺Ҫڴȵȹڻ𱬵ľٶϷźǰʲôǱǲˣ
ұΪ粺¥˶λʧһͻû뵽ʱһȻ粺¥γԼɫ粺¥ѱΪǶһĵķ¥Ǿ粺¥Ϊȴԣ氮ҲãٺҲգ粺¥Ӵ˱ȷʵ
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ִһƷû򲻺֪ޱȻϵִֻгӪֶʵ̫̫ݣʵʵ˿ƷıĿһֱΪڹŴǲͬģƩȪӵкÿڱĵ̶ģҺĽ·ͽǹЩ̻ǿſͻǿڶഫĺÿڱ粺¥ˣһĵķɹڶ¥ҵߵĿ˺
粺¥ķչһж˳⣬ΨһʧصǣʦȻˣʢң˪࣬ģŻ磬ò˫
һҼŻ¼ˣ治֪˭ô£ɴҲܿò˫֪νԾȻʧ浽˵زȻ⴫Է죬޵ݣֱѴٻ˸͸š⽴
ǣжôķŭǲֹѸٵӣִ֪ڹŴʵ˱ʵʵı仯ԴӵȪνһʮʮٵĴԣǿڶഫʵԶ

һʱ䣬뿪Ѿˣһ˵ʱԻ᲻˼꿣ҵսİΣǷƽص˽ÿŰĻζദĵεʱҵıʹìܣһ˼һֲȥ
һʱпֱߵ٣СԺﵯһֻСգҵͷ̾ϢͻȻһҾȵĻͷȴһλŻ࿡վ󣬾Ȼǵ֮ҹĻλүȻ粺£ںԺ಻ɴðȻ˴ţо˿̽£ǼȲãԭһүк
үȴƺеĲԥǶЦλǷ
ߣܵ˵˽أվĶ͵ڳһȻݣŴĹôĵΪԼһȣҲЩŭصүߴ˵طǰת粺¥Ӵ˵ǰԺˣ˵ұ㲻پֱݡ
ҷȻ뿪үδҼƽϣ΢ȣЦһЦ뿪˺Ժ
ү粺¥ĳͣ粺¥ˡʮˡʮ˵ĻǰǰҪң粺øַӾܾˡԴˣұ̫⣬֮£Ҳ뵽粺¥ھӪ˷ˮĹԽԽ࣬ұϾһͨŮӣòڴⲻ㣬ңҲ·ǣ·ⲻңʱ뿪粺¥Ƿ֮ˣ





ʮĽڡ

ִУԵռʹøֱдֶ鷳ëʣڣͱ޺ܺ˭ϵõҾĵȪңٲëֻ֣˫дˣΪԼõȪ棬ҲΪ˱Լʱ˼룬ټԼʵڲԸдһ֣ʶ̫æӣҾһʱʱϰë֡
һգͬһںԺϰë֣ȴ粺һΪѵĳ
粺ϵɫеëʣ粺Цʲô£粺Ҳѵѽ˵С
粺һΪѣԥ˺һǿڣӣү粺¥ˣҪȥ֧СôҲסȥҪˣЩʹȡ֣Ҳûа취־òף粺ֵɴ࣬ȴӺ߰ɡ㱾粺¥Ĺûүǰ˵ϼûϵҲôţ֮ӣȳȥܱܣӽ㣡
֪粺Ѵвˣңң粺¥òײ˹ҿɲϣ粺ΪҶһλү˼ұװνĶ粺粺㣬үҪҳ֧Сˣұ㳪кη
ˣ粺ھΣȴӲǰԺ粺Ҳֻô߽үڵӡ
粺¥ߵİװһ££ԶƴǰޣֻڽӴĿˡյڣүŸ⣬һİӣվΪĺӣǱλүıɣ粺¥ͷƻЦĲڷŸԡ
߽ţҶſǸһ໰µһֻСɳĬſһ
׼ȥүЦĶҵڹǰ
һ˿ЦӲĻصңүԹСŮҹүǰҵĸҲ粺¥ĹֻҪүԸˣȻҲ˵ӦҵĸݣҲܹүӦøлүأ
үһΣǽȴǡ߲͡һЦЦŸ˵ѾԼ˴ķԭ㾹Լ˵ѽ
ȻүǰǶӿ˺ڣĨӣʶǵǰϲҾ˳ơ³׳ҪȪƽ棬һþ뿪粺¥ˣ˼ˣұСŮӱ粺¥ĹүԸǰˣүСŮڿԻȥ˰ɣ
үԼδ˼ҹξһʱȴЦĪҪ֣粺¥ǰĵԹĲòʢ޲ѡҵȽ֪ﲢ粺¥ˣŸһֻʶţҵȶԹΨĽ֮飬ްͻ֮⣡
¹òڣ̸²ף͸һɹүãȻҲǼҾ֡Ҫ֮ˣȴϿңҲŭƽ׼ȴҵŹò˫֪ɷȡɴҵһɣ
һұˣΪŹӦǸ֪ʶ֮ˣȴԲǸɫ֮ͽֻϧλӲ֪ҹȡɴǶõĽǡɡȻӣ䴫Ŷ಻ţСŮӲ׾؃ªʵλ͵ۣ˵գұ׼ת뿪
ǽ಻໰ֻĬȻߵһۡͻȻҵϸеһ󾢷磬ɴͻȻأɴ粻ƫƫõʱ湻ѽҲɰ̾
ͷһݾľȻȴǰ˶ҵ衣
˺ðΣΧһƬţ֮еĳЦδҵĶҲתͷһȴֻݵ˾һģޣ
ޣֲ⣬޴Ҫʰɴٴϣȴɴϵ类ףϵýɴԼأȺ书֣˵ʵҵûϰΧʱʱ书֣ʱƣΪƫƫͲ书ѽ
Ӧǰľ棬תܳӡܻغԺ·ϣһ·϶Լ˾ʡ˭
Ժˣ⾿ʲô磿Ȼڿϳ־޵飿ѵ˯һִԽƳ
ĵĳغԺҴӴ׷ҲµľӣҵĨȥͭϺĻҳԾһգԼǾˣ
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̴ڵӣң۱Ƕ滨棬ӯǰˣõңҳϦϤҲϲ˰ɣ
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ٺү˺粺˺Ժһҵݣ粺Ǿˣ
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Ȼҵò䷢˾޴ı仯仯ȴµʱȻķҲʹҳϦദĽǲײ
˵粺δϸɴ֮µģˣʱ㶵Ķҵֱᴷĸ첲ŻȻЦó㶼ƿۣҲѹүŹӶ񣡡
ҲɺҪȡЦˣ
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վҰ粺¥вʮգһϰ赸ȴſڴ
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һգŸŹһͬɺӡ
ļ䣬ŸԹԼ̫æֻ̫ۣ뵽Ϻȥɹɹ̫ϲ󺣣һϺ۾ˣʷŸȪϺƯŸҫ˵Ϻɳ̺죬羰ʮˣĳ룬ŴϺִĸʤһأ
飬ŹЦǺȥ棿
Ѿʶ˵Щ޼ɵֹǺߣһ뻷ȪһȦأ
˵ҶԶ˽ԼĻκͼƣŸŴ磬ǿ֪Ϊλᵽ粺¥𣿡ҡͷֵǰҸյÿУȪкöطҶûȥ׼ȪһȦңûű˸ǿǶһŮӴͨǮׯɣǿһӴͷϣҵǮ
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ŸΪǿһƽ𣿡
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ҵĽģŸ˷쳣ЦУôأôõ⣬һϸ˵ģǵĽ飬˵廹һһƽأ
ˣ߷ߵŸһ㵱ѣұܣԺкһ治㣡
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Ÿҡҡͷεˣø˸ôùѽ
Ҳһү˭ҳҲҵѽ
Ÿ˵ЩʲôȴֿһŹӣֻҡͷաŸ˵ƿԣҺûȵĵЦŸˣĹյĶţС¿ֱЦŹһƵЦֻһ̣еů
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СһͬװǶ˱һǰ粺¥ˡ
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ʮŽڡּң

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ζӵķ˼۸治ˣȵζҲԵǮȽ˰ɣ
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үƺҵĺһ˹λӵķǮϣС㲻ҪΪˡ
Ҹмתͷһ˵߾һӢӡüĿʣݳд룬ȴƫмָ߹ȴԸ˲ַ֮УӣìȴֺгϢ˼Ⱦηȴ̲סҪ׽
ФӣҪСӸǮС˵ǸƭأſС绻ǫģƺΪϵƭǡǲòСѽ
ФȴǵЦ޷СȰ°ɣСδټװ֣ϾյӲҪѽ
СһФӴȡһԲ߶Сã˺ĵФӣ
ûһϷܵʳȻʮʧеķ̾Ϣ֮֮ͽλФӣòľһ·񣬶лФʹסδҷ
ҵĻФͻȻһ˿Ⱥɻ̧ͷϸĿ˿ңͻȻչһĨȻϲЦݣҪڣҵȴǡɴһĽ磡
Ӧͷһ˾ϺɽݼʱľˡСָңδ˼Ҹ˵ѿڽгң뵽ңȳФΪ磬λФӶȻңͬ·ˡ
ҽгң֣ңФӾһɣңǺңλ磬ʶ𣿡
ڵģ뵱СȫˣңǲʶˣұұǣǴңСȻʶѽ֪˵¼أ
ңһ˷ܣС
ĵ˵ͷԼΪĿúɽ¼·˼ףֱԼСľ֮飭⵹ģңССͱ壬СҲȻǴң˷ܣФȻǡ
ФѯסַФȴֻ˵Сһ׮һң粻ϸ֪סַȻؿƿ
ԷǮȷǼܵ飬Ȼʲ˵ĵַֻѰѸˣ⣬С֪ФӵϣȻ֪ǺˣС֪ФӵݣФֵǷζӵĳͣҵỹǮɣȻѯСմʸװɣ

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ڶʮڡ

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ԼƱģҲЦ졣ͻȻһҵĶ䣬ҲõüͷᣬԼղ˶ųƱ
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صɺӣڼȴҹҵСѼתһŷϲĵҵĴС㣬ˣ
Сͨͨһ仰ȴңԴʯ񣭣ȻҵװѾɹңδҵԱ

⻰ԪڣŷſƣŷűڣصСʱ






ڶʮڡǿ

С㣬⼸λ˭ѽԼµĿˣСδƽհѭ񣬷ѯʡ
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Ұź÷ãңҪݱ𣬿ǵФһ⣬ҵǿңֻȡһʮƱٱϺòҶһݸңңФпʱɺС
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ƽҽԼͷ
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ǰԿĽãһڶʮһͣиܵܣֵܽü֮ȻףʹҶѹͬܡڹȥҲͬķ֮ˣȻȪľȴҶ˷ݹע¾ģΣҪȫ㣬ҪΪѰҽβ
գұһɺΪĲ缲ȻѰĴϴڽģ粺ǰɺӡ
λḻϴΪȴͣҡͷ̾ϢϴֱԷĲԭѼ̫ö²ҪϼѣδˣϴΪһҩ÷գϴȴƴҩΪһ̽Ĳ飬Ч
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ڶʮڡ꿹

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Ÿҡҡͷ̾ϢǺͿﶼǲѣͿȴ꿣Ƕ˴СǺһһ𿸣Һ꿵ֵ֮¶Ȳ꿺Ϳĸ顣
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ڴϣǾþò˯Ÿһȥ¥һԭǷĲȷʵϣһԭҾֱʹӱܶȴԣѧȻɣ
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״ﵲ·ݺݺм̨ףҴսŸĶԣЦȻԶ˰ɣ
ŸתͷңһĪЦȻ
գգۣǾ͸Ͻ뵽ػػˣ
Ÿüûٶ໰ɫŸɵұȽϰߣģȴñŤһ˵ȴ¥ĸ˳δˣһһŸЦݣλүλѽݺݺѽ¥ĺùɶأ
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ҺŸڰһһ澲ֻĹ˰䣬һͬǰģз꿺
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ҹɻʵ򿴲Ϊλүڻػ
Ÿ꿺Ϳͬʱ죬˵ʲôȴԵı죬ŴŴ˵ֿѣ˵Ȼġ
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˵գתͷŷȻһЦ꿿ᣭᣬʹĵᣡ꿵ᣬȻֻһˣ
ڷ꿺İ飬ұκҿԶģȴָܶȻǷŭĿˣ𣿰ǲƻ£Թѵжȱ£ߣұΪҽ߸ĸģܾ֮ˣΪԹۣǲҽܾȴǲȣҲ֪ҽߺɱкβͬǽž֮֮£಻֪ҽкβԭֻҽ߹ֶ֮ΣԭҽƣֻΪԼ˽֮ṩ󷽱㣡ЦЦȻˣȴҪ˵ʲôƻµĻѻΪ˽֪Ū𣿣
ϣȥ˵ı飬ҷȻϯ
˵ⷬҵ治ǽⷢӣ˵ҶԷ꿻ΣԼݱ˻꿻лᣬɽշ꿵ȴҳ׵ʧȢȥŬҲȥһѣ಻ȥһ£Ȼұ˲ûƵΪңŸΥԼԭΥĵľΪĲֻǣָôأ





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Ÿģұ֪δң˵Ц䣬ȴͻȻվŸһůЦҵɫת͸ŸӦǣ
Ÿδش˵öԣҽ߸ĸģΪȥΪ˿ֻ轫弴ɣ
ﱾж˵ȻˣԣҲɾԼ̬δ࣬䲻˼ǸҲתЦȪһҽȻͣҿɵŬǮѽ
˵գֲͷŸЦҵүɻЩӸң
ŸЦǮ㵱Ȼû⣬ɵ֪һүǮϢܸߺܸߣѽ㵽ʱ𣡡
ŸԭһүȻŸҲѹǮȥһ裡ЦŴȤȴŸɫתŸԸǰ𻪸裬ҸϽס죬ĶŸ˸ֺģŸҲЦˡ
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ŸȴͻȻɻʵҼǵδ˵ǹ֪ǹŮװѾԽԽѽ
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ᵭģȴб֧ĵڵءҲ֪ΰο㣬ԼֻܰżŸȴⷽûѩҶζҩأ
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ѩҶȻʮ귽ſһΣױʮſһεɻ׵ðɣֻҰοˡ





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Ÿ㵽СԺС
СԺʯϣƣԥҲѹ֣Ŀȴ㼫ϣ׷ȬѣۼѳܣοŶޢ껪㣿
˰ΣڿڶҵС㣬˺ܾãҾҲΪҺͷģҴû뵽κ÷ĲҪķ֮࡭ʵʵҶԷĲѲϣֻҪֻҪʱгסáϣ̲סᡣ
֣Ц㣬ͱƭˣ㵱ԷĲϣ㲻ȫҲ룬Ǯû˻׬û˿ɾԶûˣģֻҪһϣҶ
ֻʮ꣬ȷʵǸϸĵĹֻǣС㣬ĵúķǮǷ²飡˵ѩҶѰ
ҡҡͷԵ㣬ºǷҵѩҶ죬ȷʵûаգ룬û漣ѹͲȪ಻ڽͷȻԵʶȻϴ漣ôҵѩҶ죬ȫܵɣ㣬Ȼ˵ԵҲҪػϣҲҪȥŬȥȡԷŬҲѩҶ죬ڷԼˣţ㷼һվҲģǰɣ
ķſҵ֣֣صߵǰ£ĲͣͷС㣬ĴԶǣģӽԺΪǣ
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̧ͷеĳ⣬ƺҵ˼ڱҺޣֻǸʮĺӣ⼸Ϊ˷һֱĬĬųеţȷʵ̫࣬ҰкηֻѩҶ죬ȴǼѽ

ѰѩҶ첻һ򵥵飬ŸﶼӦ˰æȻŶ˵ĳòҵԸֻҪϣǱҪȥȡҴӦ飡
ڶһ磬ұͬСº㵽ĸҩҰȥѯʣ⣬ȻеҩûѩҶ죡಻һ٣ȷе֪ڽкü˼ӵѩҶ죬Ϊ˴ѩҶ쵽ҩȥֻǣ⼸˼ҾʲôˣЩ˼ǷѩҶ죿Щȴһʱ޴ӵ֪ˣ
Ȼµʱ䣬֮ҪҵѩҶ˼ȷʵף˵ŸŹﶼڰѰѩҶ죬ǵΰ˵˶ðҪȽӴ˶࣬˭ܱȵ粺¥ڽأǺǣܿ죬粺¥Ʊ㱻ҳ粺¥Ǣ̸ҵʱǣӣѩҶ𣿡
ΪΪΪ̼ϢĿٴرί粺ͰѰѩҶ죬ֻṩѩҶ˼ҵϢ
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պһ񡣵ʱ䣬ʮգϣ
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ʮպһ񡣵ʱ䣬ʮգϣ

κ˵Ҫ˳ڵʮգѩҶˣһ벻ˣҵľңԽң
ǳɣФӵһλѱǽӵѩҶ˼֮һΪФλй֮ʶФʮ˳Фӻң˵Ϊ͸ĲҶرúȣȻֻ֪һЦȴĸлФӵ
˵Фε֪ҪѩҶ죬ǱȤˣ˵ФǴĳ¥ĵС֪СͲ˴˵Ͳ˵Ǵ򶹸Ĵţ򶹸Ĵʱ֪๫˵λ๫Գƴĳλ֪֪ĵ˵һ䣬λ֪ϡ·ƺ粺¥ĳλã֮粺¥Ľ־ɳǣ¥ĳ˼ѩҶ飬һʮʮ٣˽ȫ֪òȻǿޱѽ
˵ФֵܹԵɣÿΣѻ֮ʱܻʱĳ֣ɻˣȻϲңȴҲδȥӽФҶλӣϾÿμǶˣһǱֻδϵ˷ФѰѩҶ죬ң˷
ֲɻ󣬱ѩҶѰҼƻĶΪ粺죬ôФε֪ҪѩҶǸ˱أ
ΣѩҶ죬ǧѩҶ죬Ҫʱ˵עľ˴ˣֻҪϣֻҪŬĻ漣Ҳ̧ͷл졣





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һȡѩҶ죬ұǲСǰȥ֪ͨڵһʱϵɺӡ
ȷȡõѩҶΪƷʮϲæʮϸµĸ֪ѩҶı淽ƱѩҶ죬ĵһҩʹá
뵽粺¥ڼҽãС³ŹЩ粺¥л
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һֱ·˴µĺ˼·Ҫ粺¥ȹ̣æΪҽֻܽԼĴҵʱһԡ粺¥ѽƽȷչڣõľѰѩҶ죬ȬֻǸʱ⣭˵һˣÿԿʼԼĴҵƣɣ˹ǡڴʱԼҲò˵ֱ̫ʱˣǵøлıѽ
ԸСǰ·˹Լ˰ݷʱ䣬ྲ޸ԼǰƵĻͼϸ˼˳·ĺ˼·պұǰ·˹Լᡣ
׼ʱ·ܵ꣬˹ڻҵȺ
ǰ˹ɴ˷ͷһؼҵݣȻŮװģ˹Ǿ̾ѹǰɴװѼԵŮµӻԵһ룿
ЩӣȤתƻ⣺ѽ˹Եһӣʣµһ㽻ԵɣǺǣͱ˵׻ˣѽ˼ҽջƵĻÿһֻҾ˺üŷͼ˹ƿ
ڣӵжʮĻ滭ԼʮġBuyΪȷһ˹ע⼸ͼǻ˲˼
ҾĻƵĻͷװʽ˹ԽԽǾȣ̾ţ滭˵ãѰĵֻܻˣͬһͼȴͬĻ巨ֱ仯ͬĻ巨ԲͬķʽӦڲͬʽķϣֱֲ仯ϵ巨ʹ÷ʽͷοʽҿѽÿһֻٿüʮֲͬķΣ
˹ǸˣȻһ۱ҵͼҲɵͷЦ·Ҵҵ󣬶ˣҵЩС˼ϡ棬֮Ի˹ŪΪȷʵϣԼƵЩܸǿЩǽ·Ŀ˾ǷǸݵλȻԸ˴һģһЩͼֻשǻı仯ÿֻķγһϵУţܶԷεƶá
˹ͷҪ˵ڷϱ仯һ㣬ǰȷʵҲûЩʣλЩķΣȥͬһԴȴиķ񣬸иľʡ
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·ĿǰģʽʵִʱװģauteCouture߼ƣǳƣֽ˹ڸ߼߼򣬿ȷƷͿͻǰ£ʵĽͳɱг½ҵķЦ֪·ȻȪһµ꣬幤ƾϼѣԣЩֻҸ˵ĿǷʵʩ˹Ͷҿǵ¶ˡ
˹ֵЦ·Ҫ볤÷չ˼ǲеġѽһᰮʳʳͰһʢ磬ȴԻ򲻳ԣ˵أ
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˹˿ңЦҵ뷨
ҺǺһЦ಻ƴǣҵķӣ˹Ƿʡҵİ취ǳ򵥣ɣΪɱΪ趨ɱǹ̶ıʣǲó۽ķʽɱҵҹҵɵıӦߡ
ҵĻ˹ٴչնЦɣ۽Ǻǣұ֪뷨⣡ֻЩ۵òãһǮҲòɼ״ܺãȴ޴֪۽ѵͲǿ˿Ӧõɿ
ЩĿ˹˹Ǹҵ˲ţΪٵɵķһַʽӦдڵ⣬Цŵͷ·ȪһĴ·ƵЩڽ·ܵõܺõۣʲôҽ·ҪǮأƵķȷʵ׬ǮҶԣɽȷȷʵǸѵ飬ΨͨҲ֪ۺľҲǽ·ĹɶҪ˰ɣģ
ͣһСҽһתǣҼǵ˹·ǲţزܷչ֮λźĻӦΣν·˹ĳţңǿǩһԼ໥˽һ¶ԷֺʽĿԡȷʵûȥ·ʣǱһǩһԼɣԿ಻Ǵ
˹ͷЦ˵ûĻӦΣǽ·Ʋǲ̣֪ǶҵΪ˱ˡʵǶѾͬҽƷĺǶͬ⡣
磬治֪λ̫ˬ̫棬ҵ涼ûмȻңЦǶҵˣңʨӴ󿪿ڣ
˹һЦҲҵ۹
ǵǣǶδңȻΪ㣡˹˵һӦúúøл㣡
ǺǣлͲˣǵĺǹӮģڹǰã˽ýþ
Һ˹һЦ̸ּۺϸڡ
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һȴķҴҶ϶˵˺óʱ䣬īңȴʼûдңֻǾĿңĬĬ˵ûгһ˿Ļɡ
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ᣬҰͷϥǣīңƼʵֻöѣīңһֱңῴ᣿ͷңȻƲīңҪ֣Լϧᡣ
īңûֻҵزȥɣȪϣ
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΢ԲࡪȻԶҲϵ¹ȴҵϣһֱңҺĿЦˣֻҪһֱ˼ǣǱ㲻ʧ
Ҹоľƣīңʵ뿿һ𣿡
īңûлشȴѸٵĵˣҿˣȷʵҿ÷ǳţ˯ˡ

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ѾͷЦһ죬žһָСµͷϣЦɵѾͷҵ˼ɺԲοңþӵĲЩȡߣɺϻȣɱ
㣬ɺӾֻһӣԺǰСʲôط޻ѽСºɶ͵͵һЦ
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㼱æ͵Ųأ˼Ǵ粺Ƕ˵ġ
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˶٣ֵңϣκȡκζҪ۵ģһסһƥҪӣõҪϣҪΪҪۣһ빬ƺһΪⱲӱעԵ⣬ǵõٵۣȻⲢΨһĴۣЩΪĴۣǻκ񣬼߹ϡ̫಻Ϊ
ҵĻСµ˽һ֪⣬ȴֲʵѵȨ𣿣
ֻҪˣĵطӵˣȻҲ֮ʱ֮߹½Կ漺ġ缺ģ
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С¼ΪѾԪ۵İ鱯̾ȴңĽк㽲Ĺʣ





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ңɫһҸĸգңؼݼˡ
֪Լ˵ҸϽתƻ⣬ʵŶ𣿡
ңСϳ羴ı飺ջظ鷿ˡīңȷʵæѽһֿʼ
ʱңתСµС½㣬ңЩ˽̡
ңǰɺΣִīңΪ;ѩҶ죬ʶɺӵļСӶӡĺãʱС¼ң̣ıֻңĵС¶˵˼仰СһЦң˼仰ңˡ
Ǽ˶ܺ˵ĶԻСȴֻ˵䡰һ֪ǡԭǱֿʼİϢֱʱңš

īңѾͬīңкǱһͬͲˡ
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īңЦңջָʳʳ׼С˶ƫ嵭ȳЩǷζ
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Цɣҵи֣ΪҸرϲӵԵʣΪԼи֣ӣȻرĹעˣסĵطɲ˵ģƣʹʳ⣬ɾݣסпɷʣʿҽ
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ҹīңСңþסޣһҪɺӣδټСڡ˯ǰסŮϢԼȴԵңþӵĻС
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īңΪǰŵΪһͬ˿ӵڵĲʣ;ԾһӦȫͬһССķ䡣ңþɺԶϾͬڽ಻ʱ·̣īңȴڳ׼˴µĲ㣭ȻϲƷ֣Ȼ뵽ͱʱīңĲᣬв΢΢̾Ϣ
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ұǸͬķĵˣԴȪԼƺԽԽĿó¼͵Ĳ״ҸԶԴţʱԼѰգշԼҲԹñ˵ģ

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ʮŽڡط꣨һ

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ǰͻȻݵɾͶ磬ҺŸȫû׼˽ĿվԭأεֽŶ֪ðźδɻͲ
үϸܿ㰲תͷŸŸ㻹Щ飬Ǳ㵽鷿̸ɡţɷڴ

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ʮڡط꣨

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֮ܰȻδעȻгҵգԼŪ«磬ҸһλѣλǷ
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ܰԺһ˵Ȱ֮ܰЩ֪룬ȴƽ̹ȻӣȻҵԶƽ
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ΪҪ㣿ΪΣЦһ㽫Լ뷨꿵̬ȼŭңҲףƾʲôָңƾʲô
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ģŭʧˣȡ֮Ǹղǰ㸴ӾĶңԤץסҵһԲߡҪȴץø˹Σ֮ܰ˽Ծŵü
ģҵ̸̸ô̸̸кηһתͷ֮ܰ빫̸һ
˿;ʹǾȵĽ꿵ĽŲ죬ŵ򼸺һ·Сܵĸӣֱִɷͤ꿲ͣ˲





ʮһڡط꣨

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Ȼү֪ǰұѲѾˣȻˣǷ֪үҵǱҵˣ
ЩЩˣ̾ݡ
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ͻȻ֮䣬һҵֱ˽ץסڶߴļҵĹ̧ȥҶһ˫
ҳϣȪʢУϣԱ˳ÿȻϲǧ꺮ԼǷǷľ޿ֻǣλץסҵѵεҸղŲСײҸϽòĵǸӣԲסղײ𣿡
һǸһͼδǺнҵץøҪεĿơ
üһٴʵ֣
εҡͷҼ𣿾Բᣡǰ̫ÿҲ̫̫ȻǣôϴΣڴ湻ѿҪȰĽɫŮܲףλӣȷſҵ֣
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ŽԵϲٶСвһת˲˵Ŀ֮⣡־ŭ̲ס˭
ףеĿһı䣬һ˿¶ȡ
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Ȫſҵ֣ҾģĿе΢ȴӱ¶ҵĿ־壬׵ǵһЦӱ䣺֣ϵΣ
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йڵǳ׻һ׵ǳͶƱԿʼˣѡɣ






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׸磬һͻһ󵭷֮Ʈ
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Һ͹ף˵ϹԵľŭͶʼ˱ѽɷ羰ȻЩƻǰʸУȴΪ˼ֱĽ飡
ڷſҵ֣΢תվǰ嵲סҵߣһ˿¶ȣ
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ѹṫ׻ͷѰңȴȻδԭأڣĮٽȣȻֻǸŷ͵ƣ಻ⱻĺû
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ױǼȤ飬ȿԻΪ棬ԻΪ࣡ױĹɼ࣬ϸͿ֬ĨۣĶԾױֻƬ̹򣬱ԸԼΪһƽӹĴ󻨳գ
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ŸЦױת𴦵ңúңǾȻһ˿Цݣ΢΢һ㶣벻оȻҲЦЦݳĺϣĸ˱ѩڻůо֮䣬ֶ˹׵ۣʱұӸԼһӣ˵Ц˿δ۵ףȻǺڻУǸ̲סˣȻǶ˲֣
ŸȻûûεȡЦ׼ȥϷ𣿣Цˣ˰⸱ģ
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ŸȻûĵ׵ĺǼ۵ĴЦ㵱ҵһʶ𣿣ģǺЦسƵûţҰɣ
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Ȼ񣬹ֻһ仰ŸĲЦһɨ⣡

Ҷ³ŸļССǣĴϱ˴˵龰һȺȪͰɽͷ·󣬱ȴһƾɵСȫ²͸ľǺε
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ѱױƵ޿ӣԶ˸ŸﵹЩߣŸһȻȻЩյĿǰˣտиˣƽܴЩ޹ؽҪİèȴҵӭһλȪүһλɽĽѹ궼ڲȻѽ
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Ÿҡҡͷ鲻ֻᷢҪԼԸڽûܹ㣡
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һЦͳ˲ȷ˴νҶԸһģעҵҵҵҵ

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ЦȷʵǸúӣСΪˣͬһȪүðүͰɽĹͬʱҪָ飬ⱾǼ£ҪָĶƫƫ˿ɶصſѽС鷳Ӵɵ취
ģȻϣ˼Ҳ߯ϼ޻˰ɣһӱƵҵϣȸԼ˳ֵأֿԽ࿼쿼ңĻֲɷɣŸ͹ָȷҵ֮УðүǴĸʯͷĳҲ̲ˮǰҿɴδȪðүһѵŸľȱ

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ҸҪǷơú˲ţЩΪι֮СŮ֮ԸڴǰЩ⣬һΪû̫ʱгұҵǸȤĻ⣬һǵע21ʹ˷֪ʶȷʵ֮ŴȽ䲻ţȴԼΪĴṩЩõϢ
ȽǷƻιǺǣѡ֣ȻΪ21ʱרҵǷɣѧ㲻ϾӦ⽨İ뷨äǻеĵģ⣬ѡӷƿһҪԭǱΪƵݿԹ⣬ú˲ŴĹȴһ˽ܵ飬Ӧòϣڹɽǰ̸ϣҴԽ󣬽֮±ܸһ䣡
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̫ĸԺȥɢˣң֮˳˼̫Ҷ֮⣬֪̫˵滷ԵԸ񣬻ҿ˶ҵ̬ȣΪһЩܵ룭Ʃ磬гΪ̫Ʃ磬һڲҪκһӵܵ⣡̫󾿾ǺͼĿʹ׼޸еκһˣ򵥿ֵԶңɹһ˿⣡
ָƬ̣̫ŷԸֻԺ䡣˴ǰ̫һ̸īң˼ʱɫ죬̫ȴƸղŵһѹδЦԾɿѾͷڹһ㰧ңһû˽˽ɣ
ҵͷлһθ̫̾ľȻ̫ȻЩģڳѱļɺңҴԣκҶþһأȻǽɹ˿̫󷽲ŵ̸Ҳ²̫ĵӦ̫ӣˣܿҪ̫ӴŷҳˣҲգʱұڹ徲徲Ҳ˳ܿɽ潫ɣ

ڶգϱ鷿ǰδġú˲š⣭֮ǰΪµѵϣҵȻڻǰӲŵˣǾ׼һ⽫Լִ֪֪ʶȪ쵼߽ʵĴݡ
鷿ڣ뻰ֵֻлϡ̫ӡүүҽգսԵĽǶȲú˲ŵĿ⣭뽲⣬һΪڽΪȪĸ߲쵼ˣûҽϸ⣬ұ˵ˮƽޣǰδЩоǳҾ̫Ľ飬ԼķâԱܿܵĻˣҽıϾִ֪ʶѽ֮ȪеȷҪȽϵͳöֻ࣬ǴԵĽ⣬Ǹе𾪡
˽յĿ⣬˵Ҫҵ֣̽鷿ȻѼʶ̫˵󣬲֪ջҪչʾӷ緶
עңº͵ЦѾͷЩ뵽ģ
ԴԤӦ֮ߣЦϣŮֻһʶǳͨŮӣԼЩ⣡ŮݣһЩżȻĻԵ֪ģ
ҵĻ϶ĵ˵ͷЦ⻰Ӧò٣⣬ƩƾƶȣԡԡϵѡλƣȷʵĳͻȻð⣬ںδйĶǣѾͷԭֻһͨѾԵɺڽһ¥ʦǻʶóŰ¥֪켣ޱˣôһͨŮӣι֮ϵͳ⣿־ǴӺε֪˵Ϣ
ϣȣͣ١ǣϣģҶԻʹ֮˳Ͷˣռʶ̫ջչʾϼ޻λϱº޺ʵز¶ֻһĹȪоͲ֪֪֮Щʲô֪̬ر֪ˮȺ
ûҸп̫ãĸ룬ЦһºͣһĽ˵ǸͨŮӣ಻ȻǰǸƽѾͷԶбȻӣΪֵǣһ֮ǰżȻˮ֮󲻵ʧȥһм䣬ֹжˣɥʧȷʵѾͷΪ޴ɽ𣿡
ȻŻϲ³磬ҵ˳ףҶԼߵĳɹʲģµֻܵͷӢ˿ŮԴĺˮʧȥ˹ڹȥһм䣭ǵԼǰʲôˣ಻ǵԼǰ£Ůԣˮ֮ȷŮ̸Щ⣬Ůλү̸ɺ̫Ӻүţ⣬ŮһżȻһ飬жԷơú˲ŵⶼ˲ô֮ʱŮЩȤԸһ½ڵķ⿴ûϸŮϾʶޣ˺ôΪԽԽᣬھú˲ŵδϸĶŮʵڿͷʹһѻ𽫴ˣ
˵˷̧ͷţ۹۱ǣǹģ̹ȻܻϵӣϹȻҵĽΪɣעңһЦʰô飬ᵱɱһ㣬Ѿͷãһѻյ治֪ǹ治ں飬Ҫ˽ѱˣҪʵѲܣˣҪѰѰһǲˣѾͷ˵Ļ滰Ҳãٻգ޴ӿ֤Ҳգޱ㲻Ӻδ֪ЩֻȪ˱ã
ϻȻΪڲ˽ֻý͵ŮҲ˽ʵŮʶޣôԼãֿͷۣ˴飡һ˵Ů֪Լȷǿˣϧ
ϵһЦŶ𣿡һתϬʵȻΪã鷿ȴΪνЩȼ
Ҳһ㶣ҵĻȷʵǸԼ˸ףҲ߯Ѳ˰ɣҸϽЦŮãԸָûõķֻܾһԣѻ©ԺɵСˣ
ϵ˿Цݣ仰滰ֲֻˣòӢΪΪȴѵ㻹бˣ
ԭϵҾǿҪ׵׻ʶѽһ֪һɣ㼴ˬЦϷģŮˣ̫ӣ
Ͻҵ˼Ѿͷ˵ֱӣΪʲô
ҸæҡͷŮôʥ⣡ѲѽҲ᲻СĴϻĺ˰ɣ
ϰ˰֣ɫ΢ЩࣺѾͷһΣ㵹ǲ¶޵⣡˵θ֮ԣΪһף޵ȻϣԼĺȢİŮΪޣΪһϣȷʵϣ޵ĻʶһŮ̫⣭οŮӻδسͬĵŮӣŶȪ̫ӣĸʣ޲ηһŮӳΪ㣬ӰİΣ
Żϵġθ֮ԡҲ׽ӻȴϵв֮⣭ȻҵĴڶ̫ӹвϻԥĳңɣīңŸҵϲͱӻҴʱȻڻϵļ֮У˼ˣҲ亹죡
ŵɫףƺôﵽĿģָֻºЦ⣬ѾͷںѵΪ޻Ϊ㣿ˣ˲ǻʶһֻǣȷʵҪίһ󣬶֮ڣĻҪˣ
ҸϽãŮѹ㲻ˣûܱȱ˳ָ߱Ǻǿö࣡
̾˿Щź֮ɫȷʵǸĺӣŶιӦֻϧѾͷڼȻ˸ŮŶãӦ໥Ӧѽ
׻ϣӵ̫ӣʩŮȪĳԵΪЧͣΪǣ
ϵ˵ͷַԸҽϵƾƶȵȼע׫д淽ύȻ뿪Ѿͷ̫Ȼϲ㣬ڹסһ󣬺úɣˣЩˣȥɣ

鷿ұ֪ǰ·ĹŮʱű뿪޵λƽŮӱֻԼشȥˣ̫ѯ˷ص·ߣһ˼ŻϽһߣȴӭ˳үһδӡ
볽үңȴһֱûллʱұϽӯӯ°ݣŮμү
үЦ񡱣ȻָԵӣλ󽫾
ԭ˱һͬǵ󽫾ҸϽ񣺡μ
̧ͷһɲǣȴ󽫾˲Ȼʧɫѿھʵ㡭Ǻˣ
ǵڣθҵʧɫˣҼľΣֻùƽŮ񣬷ּ̫ܲڹ̫󡣡
ү˿󽫾ʵĪ󽫾ǰ
󽫾ɫѻָЩƽ۾ȴԽҵ󺽵һģЩơ˼ˣһʱʧ̬үͷ£
үͷȴЩʵý˳Ծط뽫Ĺģˣ
ԣ󽫾΢΢һԥƬ̺󷽲Цէ֮£ģȷЩƣôϸϸһȴȫͬү󺽻Ҫ죬ȥˣĿһۣ󽫾뿪ˡ

һȽ϶࣬ƻͣһˣλ£ϳڻȽϺͻ






ʮڡʹ

󽫾뿪ֶԳүллү෬
үŵİϴżֵЦ֮ͣ黳
үǾ֮ͣŮȴĪİүŮȡһر¼֮޷ʵʩѴŸ֪ү͢󣬵õ˳үĴ֧֣ΪλүĶ֧֣¼͵رŵ˳Ѹٵ׼ʵʩ
ҵĻүϵЦ˼ɳ֧͢л񴳿򣬵񴳿ó͢Դ׬ȡƵģ͢Գ¼ͱоΣȪϽزֹ¼һȪ಻ֹ¼͵ٴ񣬳͢д֮˷֮йڳ͢ѽ
һνĹ۲쳽үٴξ̾òľ覣˵ĳкˬʣ̸ʼձŵ΢Ц˸оϴƢȷʵ̫йǵʱ಻΢΢Щ
үһҲžԼ񣬲εЦүˡ
ϴ֮Ķ֮࣬಻٣ɶôƵȴǲģǷ񴳿֮պκҪ񴳿Ч͵ĵطֱԱǣ
үĻƼֻֿٴεлȻ˱
ǰյȪҰϣүȻ谮֮ӣΪȵһӣȵǰ谮мӣͬʱӵи߹ݡٱò̸·ԲҲпλүǸƫأ
һүұڹƵ·ʧ˷򣬲֪ľת԰˵·ȴ̫żڹһûʲôҪµģ⻨԰תתƣһͻһԼǧͷɣ
ʱֵʢģ԰ڻݽï໨Ϊƽδ֮ϡƷ֣ңֻԼ԰һͣ滨ܵĺ԰̺죬ȴΪκһפ㣬ֱһشȻĴҵߣ
֣С֮Уʱ԰пҲ׽̲סͣ½ŲϸۿԶΪͨϸϸһȴ׷ر֮֮ͨӣΪֱͦ˳ɫ䣬԰ʢĻ֮Уһ̵䣬̲ӯӯĺ֦Ҷҡҷĸȥеķ֮У
֮ҾʼشŴһŵҲϲ񣿡
ͷһһž׵İŮվ󣭣ŮβȪĹȴǻ󣬶кüѾ̣㲻ǹȻæݵŮˡŮ޶ۣ֪ƺ
ŮӻδڣһѾͷʲôģݣٹϰ£Ȫ̫ˣ
ԭλŮǴ˵е̫ӿиˣλ䲻ѩޣ಻ǵĹ壬ģһһ޽ѽ˵ȪҵĻڹŴر̫Ӳڴ֮ǰסʹһǰر̫ӣδԤȸ飬Իɣ
ҪݣȴʾֻǶĶشȻҲϲ԰ĻݣƫƫֻϲֻұˬԴסʹÿҶ̲סϼۣ
ԭֻͬλͶҸ⿪ˣǸ˶ЦŽӻ黳ȵǫǫӣ˵һ
΢ȵĿһۣɻʵ㲻ƹеˣǺˣΪλڴ˴
ҵһЦʩŮ̫Ůڴһʱգ
ҵĻ΢΢һ۾ֱңʵ㣬Ƿ
ҲôɣȻ˶֪ҵĴˣֻǣλԴ⣬ڵ̫δİɣԴǰɽ޶˾УԸҪ¶ˣ˼ˣɫЩΣȴֻܵŮǷ񣡡
עңϾɲǵʧ䣬̾˿૵ã裬Ǻܺá
кøУ֦ڣ׼ȴĶ˵Ժ׸硭㡢չˣ
ҳԭλʲŵѹ㲻Ϊ̫ӣΪŹɽȻϲǹףɽѽȴΪλҪǧļȪתһ룬ұɼΪһ֮˷ԶȻ䱾⣬ֻǰɽȪĹ߰ˣ˼ˣһ˿ȴɫ䵭ĴĻˣǰɽسŮһȴҪȪģŮԵҲ޸չ˹ģ
ڰɽǸԣȫûϵ˻᲻ϲҵĻɫβګګ׸䵭ЩȴǼõģҪ֪δŮִš
Ȼòѩýʮ⹬ǧ꺮Ȼܴ󣭣ѩ֪׿Һ󣬸ҶԹ׵Ĺ۸ΣһӦڣλֻֻƬȴȻͼ˵׵ĺãȻ뽫Ƶ׵ߣ㿴Թ׵İǳѩģѩֻõռУȴԸΪˣԣѩȴϲԣԸ˵ҵĸܣνƽмʯ޼ۣÿһԼڲͬͬһʯڲͬ˵ĿжŲͬļֵ޼֮ģȴõǿ񣡸ʯÿҪģһΪõǸ
ͷ˼˺һɻʵԭˡ֪̫𣿡ҡҡͷʣүҡҡͷĺ棬ƶʵү𣿡΢̾˿ҡͷ˼һᣬȻǶȻðүˣһΣԼ˳˼ûеͷδҡͷ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôȴһŮں˭˵أһ޻µѩһѹŮ˹ɫЦ԰Ȼʧɫν߻֮˱ǰɣ
ЦѩλǷʶã
ĵֻңȴ಻һֱֻۣЦƽŮӰˣƫˣ㣬߰ɣðүҪϤϤء˵գѩǿƵת뿪֮ǰȴݺݵĵһۣãת۱ǸĶЦЦѩ뿪ˡ
ѩ뿪ڴǰվ˺һᣬȻʻҵˣīң벻أīңүݣ㲻Ǽ򵥵Ը֮ˣ԰תһҵ·ұ˴
ӣʹæµһƬȪɷȪ̫ڵǻǰһĸȻǿԲĿģǻǲģ̫δǻδӭȢĵһλλõڹʶ˵ⳡµ׼ʱЩִ٣Ȫඨȫ֮һ¡ϲͻѽ
˰һʢΪĿ꣬ʹＸе˶ȻЩæµвңңȻֻһÿֻ̫졢°ˣżʱ̫ҹڻϸڵ֪̫󲢷ȡҵֻһ̽Ҷ̫ӵ̬Ȱˣ£òͷѽ֪̫ǺԵǡôıԼÿʱ̫Щϧʱĵ̾Ѿͷģ˿Եݵǳˡ
̫ΪŮԳơ̡Һ֪֮䲢ݣʶҳƺΪ̡ȴִ֪Ϊ̫󡱣ಢǿȣֻ˵䡰Ǳ㽫ٸĿڰɡԴˣ֪̫˼ԣֻĳףԵ֣






ʮڡʹ

ڴʱգ̫Ȼÿսȴ̫밲㼴뿪Ȼʱ˸еĿңʱһº͵壬Կάʵľ룡̫̫ӵıֵȻ⣬ҵȴһ˿Σ̫ӵԼǶôǵ飬Ȼһʼ֪ݣɺǶڵʱ಻ӵУΣȥʱ⣬µȴǻ䣬һŹӵѡ
Ÿ̫ӴͬԾһûûεˬģԻҺ̫죬ĸҲϲߡŸҳʱص㽻·Ÿɺ죬·ָ粨ѹδ·Ÿֵ纣ҵĴӣɿŸʱֲ΢⣭ŸȻǴֵģɶȴʵʵڵİԼǲԸ˸Ҵѹ֪ԼϵıƵúܺãڲй˽ɣҶŸŮ֮飬֪ңȴϣһȴů˴˵ѣʱɻŸǰãʶʶīң֮ǰΪȴʼδһ˿أɣŸΪѣȴԶԽµĳǳأɣŸǸԵˣȴδںʵʱ
̫֪֮ܰҪã֮ܰʱ²⣬̫֮ܰо֮ܰңΪ˴֮ܰ˽ҵĹ̫ѹ̫뷨ֻԼڱӰˣ⣬Ṭ͢ԵʣһȺĻ֮ˣԼɹˣ
֮ܰÿһν꿴죬󲿷ʱ䣬꿲뿪ĬһԣҺ֮ܰΪ̫ٳ裬ĬĬĿ죬ȴӲײ廰·˼ʱ΢ЦʱˣԴɵ֮ܰлĸпֻһʱѽ꿵ı仯֮󣿣ǸĺҹȻĶ꣬Ǹ緢ǵү·ĳȻ뿪ȡ֮ģһȳȴİӣ
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꿶һۣīңЦЩȪĺ춹Ƿһ
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أıɵԻǰĴӱ֪̫ӵİǻ𣬿ȴƷɶԥ˽ȥֱǣأǻأܹסԼĲԶ˼ˣ̲ס͵īң˼糱

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̫Ӵ鼸Ȫҽϲ£ɳﱸȴرĶ̴٣ǣʱ乬˽쳣æµʹԴȻḻԱȻǿֻǴµĽųﱸ¾㱸ֻǷ֮յ
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ֻǸˣ̫ӵĻȻﲻʲôæΪ̫ӺҽڵıΪ⣬̫ҵĿܵǽˣգ춼ԶԵ԰ɢɢôһùûôˣգԹźͬһ㵽԰ɢȴĿڴǰ˼̫ӣ
΢ȣһԥǰ񣺡μ̫ӣ
ͷң̫ӵ˲ŷһ˿ɣȻֻܿ˸У̾һ˽㻹ܽŴ𣿡
̫ǼĿǣ΢΢һɬӦŴ磡
̫ӵǷһ˿Ц⣬ȴ˷ֲǿɬϲһ̾ϢһʼԼݣǲΪ㣬֪ģ԰ɣ
ҵ˵ͷЦŴ磬ȻĿԣѣ͸໥⣡
Եѣ̫ӵ۾ھʵ
ҵ˵ͷȴ˵κεĻ̫ӵķӦȻֻѶѣֵô𣿰̫ӵעѣעįϾߴʤϾλ֪˱ѽ
Ҳָ̫Ǵشʵ֪Ǻ񣿡
΢ȵĿ̫ӣһĪ԰̫£
̫ӵͷЦܾ԰԰Ļ߯ޣԶɺֵˬع֮ұ˴ڴ˴Ȫϱߵ̵ñͬһ㣬ĺƣ԰ǷĿࣿ
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ĵͷƵƼˣʲôĶⲻ˵ƣڹЦʹЦղʹգеϸĿƣҼڹţ浣Լһջ̱ģ
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īңһȻ̾ôʲô֪滳ɣ㻹ʲô֪
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ЦŵͷīңβסĿģīңںѽһ㿪ʼҵԼأ
ڳ˻ʹţȴͻȻͣīңһӣһĶԳʵ壬ô£
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ĺֲĺɻɡߣȴɢֻۼ˯ңԼŶīңҡ
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ҺĽſīңҵķСӣϸһƣȵĽе춹
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ʺĺ춹ճյǰƣȴīңҵ۽ǲɳʪʱһƬ

ǣæ˵ʱΪϣʱᴫýʵ̫æпܻᴫģĵѲٿģȵ࣡ٴθлҵ֧֣






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˼öұ̧īң΢΢һЦīң춹ҴϣԺ
ԣīң˫۲Ӳӷ⣬ϲЦǱһϣһԺ
︳飬춹ϣ˼춹ڼ˵˳˼ΣΪңĻδ˵ڣұȫ˼أĪǣνϬ˼ˣҲݸ
΢ЦīңЦˣʵ뵽ʲôˣ
΢΢ĵͷ޲ʷ˫Ϭһͨ
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ҹīң˵һʤһңȴһ಻ζīңղĿ֮Уֻ¹ⶼȻɵƤЦǽʯͷңӣɺã
ҵĻʵЩףƽңӵԼļڰţȴȻīңϲһЦȻʯͷر𣭣ǣʯͷǲѣܽңأ
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ңȥ׷Ϲףȴīңң΢ŭȴɻʵ磬˭Ϊ㲻ס
īңȻǰɽĽףȪĹȻʧ񣭣ңвĶ֡
⹬׵湻ͨѽҽոմӹгͶңȴ֪ҵҵģǵõϢڽҵҵģҳĸӣݱλò绨Ĺȴңȷʵͷѽһ﾿ʲôطֻҪϵĲԴϵҵ֣û׼ջ׳ʿֻأ
תƼЩ£īңæҵ˫֣Һңʱ䲻ˣһ绹øϽǱȻңӰɣ





ʮŽڡ̫ӻ磨һ

һţ㾶ֱͬФֵܵˮֹջᣬ˺һͬ˺ɻ᣻ϣīң˵ԣֱ׺һţҶԣӦֵһհɣΪҹҶἤʧߣδϵңʵĴϣǼѬ㣬ﾹܿ죬磡
һ磬ɶԳ˯һѣС㣬͹Ҫȥ︰磬𴲸ױˣ
ɲ̫ӽմ飬䲻ͳĻˣȴ̫ͷ˸Ů̫ҪμӽյĻ磭ʼһ磬ٵɾͲʧ⣬˭֪᲻ᱻһ󲻾ñӣʱڣһСĽΪѽ
Ѹٵķ𴲣ɶΪ׼ϴƷţ˵ңӵϴƷ侫£õ廨ϴˮڣ۵ϴƷ̫̫࣬ȣ͵ϴƷ˼ȤϴһѽǰңסʱұīңһЩϴƷǳδ˿ڣīңȻʶ㰵¾ĶҪٻīңҪһЩ
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ɶͷЦСҪϯ̫ӻ磬Ϊ·ΣСûӱս빬
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Ϊ¡س׼ʽΪʽµĳΪʹɶЭ֮£Է˺һŴ׵
׵ɶ˫۾ĽңԵ޵ۼҹ۹⣬·漫СȴǸ
ɶĳޣҸϽܵǰգֻƼеԼţ̬ȣԶׯţϸȴ鶯Լ΢Цīңѡȷʵ۹⣬Ϯɫɢŵ͵ݻУΪȴ˿֮ɣּҵķɫʣīңΪѡ·¹
ɶֽǰ£ЦС㣬ɶΪͷױˣţС㣬ϲķ٣٣٣٣٣
УڣǼ򵥵ĳȪѾͳһķ٣䵽粺¥һֱŮװڹŮװֻǼ򵥵Ĺ٣ɶ˵ļҼֻƹѹ޴
׼ɶҾȴīңŽݡһݣīңճյĿңǻЩ
īңЩߣҸϽͷװžӣɶȴ̲סۡЦīңɶЦЩ죬æһɶʵɶղʲô
ɶЦһȻŵСķأӣСķ٣
īңעžеңһǱٰɣһ٣īңЦɶҡ
ɶ΢΢һ㶣Խеķݸīңīңӹ˷ᣬ㾶ֱߵҵ񣬽Ϊᷢ٣ɺã
īңᷢأȫѽľ㵣ȴ˵ͷ
ҵͷīңҸЦ⣬ḧҵĳ÷Ὣҵͷ˳ðΣתͷɶɶҷٵᷨɣ
ѵīңһﾹ׼ѧвЩԥīңͷˣҽ¾ֻܵͷˣƼ˲ʰľȻɫīңȻʧЦѧΣɺã
īңƳҵ˼ҲЩ˼Ͻ˵ͷ
ɶһʦϸָ£īңȽҵͷ£ߣ£ᷭ纳ʽΪδݣīңΪڷ纵һβᴹڼ󡭡
īңѧϰĿɬ죬һС򣡶īңΪ֮ʱʼռᣬƼŪ˿ϸ΢īңҵ⣬Ҳ΢΢ǣȴЦ
ٶеңīңЦķ⣿
ҵһ죬˵ͷ
һԵɶ棺ӣû뵽پÿ
īңһЦԤ׼õκѡαҷ֮ϣعȻʺңٸһã˱鶯
ɶ޵С㣬ױˣ
īңȴ̾ʱԸͨһЩձһЩ
ɶΪ˵ױݺұīңһͬˡ

ʹīңֱӽ˻ľٰ͵
⣬үӭ򣬼ҺīңүǰһĺЦ⣬īңϽȥʥɣֻһˣ
īңǵĿңүЦīңϽȥɣһչ˺÷
īңлүҵͷϽ뿪͵
īң뿪үǶҽյװԵĳһȻЦջλ񴳿ţ񴳿֪ﲻϲ̫ע⣬ﰲŵǽΪ徲ӽкõλãͲ֪İǷϹ⣿
⳽үҵģҸмĿЦлүϸΪǣ
үЦ񴳿˵ԸΪЧͣԲԣǺǣ񴳿ʵϣｻѡ
ǰλү׿Ҵ˽ＫףҹʶдԼΨ׺Ͷһȣ˵˵ĸо崺Ļôλɫү˵ĸоȴˮˮˮԸѣֶΪأЦң
ҵĻү࿪ĵЦˡ
̫Ӵ飬ȴ׹ݡڹʹ⣬ƷϵĴԱЯμӣʱ͵ѽ࣬Ȫ͵ӭ͵ĳү಻٣ɳүȴԾԽΪԤλãһԵĹŮ̴չҺ󷽲뿪
ҺĴ͵үΪҰŵλȷʵĺ⣬λǡ͵һǣӽȴּãÿһλ͵ҽܿڵһнԿɾ۵ףʵǹۿĺλ˿λүΪѡλȷķ˷˼
Ŀ˽ΪȪ໥֮Щ飬ʱδʽУǱʶ죬Ȫİˣֻһ˶ϯ֮ϸ˼档
֪˶ãү֮ܰһͬ͵ǳ͢ԱĸȴǹйְҽҹٷƷǴĺĸ׳ϯ硣
үһ˲δң߽͵̴ԵϯүλڻҵϯλڶƷԱϯ˺ൽ͵ҵϯڱλ֮ϣҾϯִĻ絹мƣ˿ȪŮӻ̫ûλ
ϯλֹһϺ̫͹һ󣬻Ϻ̫ϯ˺󲻾ã̫ӱص͵ѩ͹׵ȰɽԱβ󣬶Ÿ꿡īңѹִǰδŸˣԭ˾̫ͬȥӭˣ뵽
һݼǺ̫ӵֱϯͷµɹŮ̴˶ʽʼ
ҵλܺãע⵽ңŸ˽͵̧ĴѰδǣ͵һȴܱҾ۵ףǰһ̣ҳүѭ˽Ϊ˴˵ȼɴʱȴϣԼλӽܲһЩٲһЩұ㲻ǷīңڵѩȥұԺѩЦ绨ľݣұܿīңѩչˣұƲīңѩͬ˰ƥ䡭
īңģӦȫӦȫĲѽɣһͬͯŮīңѩҵУȴ
ͬϯӽǲʱע⵽īңѩעĿıˣϯ˽





ʮڡ̫ӻ磨

յ͵ڣҽǹеɺͳļҾ죬ŮлݵĲ𣬿ɱϾ޷ȻҺ̵ò֮УһŮӸעĿǱǣѩѩǾĶǵǴݳǰկ»ɫһϮĵ۹£Ѽõĳг̬ĽݣŪֻƼ۲ת绪Ѿԣ
ѩжĿһϣ˫ˮȴֻԵīңԵīңأʿԴѩȻ಻⣭Ϥīңϸ۲죬ʵƳѩȻϸȴ͸һɵԶҴ˿̾ȻƳīңѩֻǿӦڵȴ˿޷ģͬϯ֮˵֮ԴԴӿҶ
ðүԵŮ˭ѽҴδò֮ˣѵңүѡ
δָðүԵķŮѽǰɽѩ
ԭǴйɫѩʤѩЦ绨ļȷʵɽһ˵ĳƺţȴ֪ɽʻļҵжժãǰɽĺúȪӢۣ
δѵ֪ѩѽڰɽʱ㼫ĽȪ˴ȪǶǵðүһ飡ƽ֮磬ѩ۲ת˭Ц̶ŵ˭ðү𣿣ƣͬͯŮһԣȷʵƥѽһ˵̫Ӵ֮ѩ׼ΪðүָˣȪͰɽ׼ֽһˣ
Ŷðүͬҿ˵ðүһŮӣǰЩӻҪΪָأ
ǡ֪飬ŮֻðүһѣðүҪָΪʵϸ֪ѩƷòмŮܹƥУȻðүѡľˣһͨƽŮӣ
ǵҲǡ

ջ֮ϣһòܵīңѩ̲סˮֱðЩ˷磬ɶ֮˵ۣҷƽѩǰɽĹȪĹīңչȻѩԹ׵һգıīңҿѩпǹīң׽˷ٶԭҵļޣǱ⣬ȴö֪ˣѩǺͼҪΪīңָ飬µĽ˵ˡ
¾ϣīңڽָΪģŵҪչһһҵʱ¶˾ķ⣭ʱңǲ֪һҪԵѣδϵѣ֮Ѹ٣
֮Ӧ໥ΣǣīңѩֻԵչˣۼǵһɫ̸ЦԼȴһԹ¼ҵôܻأ鲻ãζʳֻζͬˣ
ʵʱҺֹ鲻ã˼άЩͣѹûƳ͸żֹŹ֣ͬϯ֮ԷǻҪԶԻҵ֪һڻʼҾ޼ɵۣյһ˼ܣɷ±Ͼؼңʱ˼֮䣬ֻǼŻϽܸϽ͵

òףڽϾǻʼҵĻѽ볡ɢ򣬻ҵ뿪˲ɢ
Ϥѽǻʼңѭ뿪͵㱵ұֻܻİȺУŴ뿪ϯλ߳͵ɳ͵ָĶȥأҼȷȪĻʼңǳҾ죬Ϊּ̫̫ܲӻ磬ڻɢˣָԴأӦг̫У
ʱңͻȻ¶ĸоҾԼһߴ˵طˣվһԼλããȻ֪ǰеķãȻĸȺǰţֱȵףǲðүѩôǣţҪȥأ԰ķ𣿡
񣬸Ͻ̧ͷǰȥƼѩǣīңߵ԰ӿ첽ȥ⡱һ£ϸ룬ҪνŸǰȥɴʱȴǡ˽ҽס
ӦͷֻһЦĻתͷīңѩķһֻۣѾԶұɴתʩһЦ򣬺þò
ϸˣҶЦ˼֣ﱾǸ׺ˣȻһƵЦݣȴ˸оʮůȷǺþδˣǰڱָ󣬿εɺΪ￴ǡɹÿνδڸϡ
εҡҡͷѾ֪ȷ²
ͷѴ꿴֪˹Ľ治ף￴үԹΪģΪ֮£үܶԹ
ҡҡͷЦϣҲǰɣԱԸ鷳ˣοү򸾶ҵĹݵĪĹϵǸ֮ˣδݵ֮ǰһᾡµĶԹһ٣תƻ֮ܰѾ𣿡
Ȼĵ˵ͷЦ꿺̫֮ܰȥ˴ţҸ˼
ſеĽңЩ죬һǽӹ˽ҡеƷһұ㼴סˣпҵģȻҲһ˫춹
޺Ѫĺ춹Щģͬڼ֮Ϊٵ˺춹ֻǣҲ̰֮ˣ˼֮һԱӣҼȻīңĺ춹꿵ĺ춹޸ˣŵ̾һҽ춹װؽҵݸԺ춹үˣֻ鷳үˡ
ﲢδȥӽңҽ͵骹ȪǺȴֻȪϽ˵˹Ϊ˼רҹ̸ϸϽȡô˹ż骹ȴֵĽսû㣬Ƚ㣡
һ쳾Ц֪֦һʱеĴȴΪһȴֻ̾춹˼֮ģʵ⣬Բỳүĳģ춹ȴ֮ˣ
Դ棬ұһֱδл棬Ϊҳ꿣϶Ҿպ춹£˿̱׻׻Ȱ棺꿶죬꿴ǰ¶δԼ⣬ԼԽ࣭ܿ˷ʥͣ޹Ȼ򣬹βٸһ᣿
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ʣرģҿ̹ĵĳǴҳɳҪƪҪһҳֻǣһҳжôҪϾȻȥˣһҳٷأοʱңѾһīңЩϧģ꿣лһ˫˫ɵɾ£ȴֻȻĲ⣬ܹ˭أֵʱȻ֪Լ⣿ʱҹԱ¸ңֱʱ̫ᡢ£ʣһеһУγΪǵİвأ
̾һʵȡǰˣȰȡ𣿡
Ȼ֣΢΢һ㶣ͻȻеĺ⣬вЩԥһʱĬȻˡȴҵĳĬҵ꿼Լ⣬Ҫģģ꿷Ǳ֮ˣưţ
ĻһЦߣ治֪ʹʲôƣÿ꿶˽ΪֻǸ򵥵¥ŮӣҲɼΪưţһһֻ֮λ֮İܳƵƣ
ȻˣԼ̫СǼ΢΢üĬ˰ΣŵˣǸŮӣ˵ʵ⣬ǿһ಻֣֮Ҫ꿻ᴦô£
ҶӡĺãҵУǫźĴǣڿĳƺ򡱣ΪֵѣΪˣ꿶֮ĸ˽£ǰȰ˵˿̣ȴļŭңǸˣųԴ׶޹ʱһŮӣֻѿע쳣ûϵȴԼһȣȻˣҺοûȤ
̧ͷҵѾ䣬ֻүΪѣδ֮޹أȲԸһүԷǣ
˵գʩһ񣬷Ȼת뿪ʵû̸ȥҼᱻᣬָоʵ͸ˣο˿̵ңﻹǣѩȼȥīңйɻţҸϽǱƵһ׷ȥ






ʮһڡ̫ӻ磨

ҸϽīңѩ뿪ķȥīңѩ˴˿Ȼ粻ӰԥƬ̣·ֱ԰ķȥ
ʹ֮У˴԰ӦϤĵطˣҿˣټ԰ҲŲʧ˷˳һС߽԰СһֱǰߣһССʮ·ڣԥŸǰĸȴͻȻЩ죬ϸ룬ұ˳ǰߣֱͻȻǰúܽӰ
Ը̽˵˽ұܵԵһ㣬ȴͻһ̲ס̽һͷǰȥǰһһŮң֮£һʱƲж˵Ӻͱ飬Դжϳ˶īңѩīңѩܵվһеɬʱйҼǰȥīңתŤͷȥѹԼֳ嶯ֻǼվԭأ
ҵĽǶȿīңѩվüѩڶīңЩʲôżּīңڰֻż˵һ䣬˵˵ţѩȴͻȻīңĻҵ͵һɬĸо㼴ӿ˱ͷǿסĳ嶯ֻǾĵȴţȴīңľٶֻīңһѩȰ˵ЩʲôһͼѩЩ룭ѩīңīңȥѩȴƵÿأ
Ƴīңͼƿѩ֪īңѴȴ̲סīңͶͱŮӲֻΪȴӭīңѽīң㣬ѵҲ֪һգһ̲סǣ԰§§֮Ƽⲻʲô꣬һʱ֮䣬Щԥ֪ǷǰΪīңΧ
ỹԥţīңȴȻ֪ͣʹ˸ʲôӣһӱѩīң׾ѩĻЩȻôһУﲻʹãѵ˱ŵζꣿ
ѩЩԾ΢΢ȴּѸٵٴīңīң׼ֻ΢΢ιѩѩ˸գۿҪڵأīңֻܻһѣѩǵīңһסĸ첲תͬβܰıīң
ѩֹһ氵̾ѩһȴֲ񼣭ѩưԸαīңĪǣⱾ˿һϷ˭أңˣһͻȻȦ׵оԥǷ뿪԰ȴͻȻϸоһұ㡰ͨһڵء
죬īңѩ㼴ͷҡһƼڵصľȻңīң㼴ٿȻɫԥĻӿѩңһķңһСʵˣ
жīңЩգҡҡͷīңҵ֡īң΢΢һЩУɴʱѩȴǰһĵЦݣбңҺīңڴ̸Щ˽£ûϵﾹ͵
īң磬ұԼڣŮʲ·ֲСĵһӣƼү԰ѩҳԴ׵ģȴƫԸĹ۲ѩ飬иȷһȦס
ѩ˲һ˿һЦҺīң˵ЩҪ˽£ûƼã
תͷīңѩָֻЦݣīң磬ЩˣǱ㵽̫ȥɣ
ѩīңǵвһܣʱңǰٰͣ͸ЩίǿΪԼʧ̬ҸϽүŮиˣ
Ҫתȥȴīңס̧֡īңƼתͷѩīңЩҪ˽̸̸һԺһͬһǰȥ
ѩ˿ŭīңУУīң磬Ӧ̫ҪúչңĲôһС㽫ӿˣīң磬ҿɲܣ˵ʲôҲҪģ
ѩݼ䵽λδײеһ棬Ϊֻһ²ĽŮѩҸľ˿̣ѩĻﻰⶼ͸Ŷīңǣ뵽͵֮˵ĶԻвһīң̧ȥѩĻīңһ˿ͣȴǺܿ㰴ȥδѩīңתͷңһ˿ǸΣǱѩȥ
īңѩΪ˵ȴƫܣȻīңĳֻĵ˵ͷжīңЩѩǰֳЦīңڲìȫûҪõѩߣǶǴˣ˵ʹ߿飡
ƼҵͷīңƲžЩȻЦҪǣҵ֣ȴҲźۼı˿ȥҲǻīңģѩĹϵɸողƼѩܵıһҵʹ죿
ҹĮۣīңϵЦݶʱͣ۵һ˿Թ۵ѩֹֻ
ǰ·;īңΨѩǻȻīң쳣ֻһ·ĽЦͣǵīңָ仨Ƕ仨ǡһ֪ζŮ
ʱ꿡Ÿ֮ܰڴ̫졣Ƽһͬݵīңѩң˵жһ˿˼̫ȴѩѾǵЦ̫̣ѩ밲ˣ
ԵʵɣòݼѩִܳΪսʾǣ˾һ˵ʲôֻܸʰ·ѽīңййоصĶ̫ʩ
ֻ̫˫۽ѩЦǸĺŶѩѽͲҵŮأ
̫ͨĳϦԣҶ̫Щ˽⣬ۼ˿ϲЦտƶѩ輫ģʵЦѹδ۵סѩԴȴȻԾһĽЦУڵĵ⣺ֻ̣ҪԸ⣬ѩ㵱Ůˣ˵գѩɬīңһۣīңɫ㼴΢΢һ䡣
̫ȴѹδѩֻ֮Цøӿģ̽иЩӵѾͷŮѩѾͷԸҵĹŮúúãǶҵĹŮָǣ
̫ǺεǰҴˣһ˿˿ֶΣѩҪô˽λ̫ҪôǶԼţ̫Ļֻǲмһۣ̫̣ĹŮϼձûذɽˣīңϼ٣Ҽգɺạ̃ǺöطҶδأ
̫ǼĿīңһۣתѩ֮ʱϵЦȻʢеȴǸŨѩīңæأ̱ɣ
ѩѳ̣ŮͬīңͶԵŮԸɣ
̫лιһ˿ɻƬ̧̣ʱһ۵ƽѩͷЦӴ˶۵Ŀˣðɺðɣ̱㣡ī⼸գѩɣ
īң̫һۣתۿ˿ңֻĬȻĵͷīңͷѩ㼴ĿһۣЦڵ⡣أֻǵͷװһл벻⡣
̫ǿ͸ˣֿ˿ĬŵŸ꿺֮ܰǾһ˿ѰζЦݣƬ̣ЦѾͷڹҴ£Ȼ᲻㣬ȴ֪ڹ⻹Щð죡ЩӣȻؼҴһʲôʱˣ̰ɣ
һ٣ֵ̫ʱˣ꿶̽ܰѾͷѾͷͻؼȥɣŸī̻ЩҪ˽
̫̫һһжǸĪ⣭ϲѩƳѩӽīңв⣬ȴȻѩҳ³ۣҶҲ²̫λ˵˼ʱ಻׼װԼϸˣѩīңͼȻֻҪ룬Ѿֻ̫ȸˣ˼ˣﲻԸɣ
ͷл˶ұͬ꿺֮ܰһˡ





ʮڡƻᣨһ

֮ϣ֮ܰҵܵ˵ݣ̫ˣһסɣ
֮ܰĻ꿵һ˿ΣȴҡҡͷЦ֮ܰڹѾס˴£ﻹкЩҪأհɣһרŵ㣡
ҵȴ꿵ʧ֮ܰǲᣬȴҲֻգɵ˵㻰ѽţϴֻһϣһοɵöסЩӣ
ҵͷƱϹϾĵ֮ܰС㣡
֮ܰۡһЦ˼ҵĸ첲ȴʲôͻȻҶЦңǲīң磿
ҵ΢΢һ죬ϲīңģǲϲҽʹСӣǵģڶīңʹСӣ֪ѩ֮װףȴͷ⣬ҪʹСӣҲҶīңϲֻ֣ҶīңĹѵԣ֮ܰƳһһֱΪԼڹصúܺأұС֮ܰʵ֮ܰΪλΪ
֮ܰһЦڹʱұÿᵽʱ۾Щʡ
ԼδأɻĿ֮֮ܰܰĵ˵ͷЩźϧұϣ㵱ɩӵģ˵˵ȥҸɵʶûܿĺãȴԻˣ񣬸ǲȢ¶ˡ
֮ܰһԥ̲ס֮ܰСѣ֮ܰͨŮӣ治Ȣ£֮ܰҵѻκãֻһˡ
֮ܰ΢΢죬ǸԼǳ¶Լճɣ˵գ֮ܰȴֶգգۣЦ㻹ǹĸģ
֮ܰһΣҲЦ֮ܰ㶼ҵѣҵȻǣ
֮ܰ˵ͷЦ֪ϲīң磡īңм棬˺ܲѩȣҪСһЩ
˵ѩұҪüȴֻ̾һεѩǰɽĹСʲôѽϼܵ뿪ȪˣȴŵǣҶīңûģʵҶѩ̫ˣͨ˼ʱ䶨ȻĴﲻʲôѩǸµˣһղߣһһշĲ
ָ֮ܰЩշ飬Ҷԣ𾪵Ī»ɷΪ£һ룬ʵֲ֣ɷһֱ𱣻֮ܰ»ӴĻ϶࣬Ȼϲ»ˣ»ȻܽܳɷδǿٶԳɷкøеģĽδزãΣף»
Ȼ֮ܰһһɺӣԼȽ֮ܰͻ֮ܰڱֻҺ꿶ˡһ·ϣ֮ܰ˵Щ强ֻĬĬעǡȻһֱδڣȴ֪ȻǷ˺춹˿̼֮ܰ꿹Ȼʵ񣬽
ҵ˵ͷȡ˿ҵĽңƽӣлл͸ҵҲգ
Ϊʲô꿵϶ʱʧȥɫ
Ҳȥ˵飬תͷ᣺ӣ֮ʱǱ˵ѣ骹˼֮Ӧ͸ѣʹˣ
꿲԰׵Ϸһ˿Цص֪ҪΪԼĴ󸶳ۣ֮ʱԼ֪صĴۣʱҳսţ»鶼δ̽͵͵ǧʿҹϮзӪȻǱøһͿأ߾ʿ໤ҵʱɥǾӪˣصȪӪұԸ󽫾󽫾䷣ʮȴ˾Ӫڴ˺ҴĻᣭ㣬ܸһδĻ𣿡
ǰķֿУޱȣҵ಻Щжûīң룬ǻٸҺһλģȷʵˣ̾˿Ӳĳ꿣ǲͬģǵ㲢ûдǱ̸ϴˣʵֺαִڹȥأȥģδرõģҺ㣬δʺϣ
ֻҡҡͷ̾Ϣһнӹ˽ҡջ˽ңﰵ˿ڴ֮ͼЩɵĻģƺڳ˼Ĭ
һ·Ĭֱڵִɺӡ
ظ꿵лתţȴֱͻȻס꿵ıϿң˵춹˼֮˼ԴԹʹ԰˼ô룬ܴ֮˼ɣȻѣ԰ɣЩר̴ϽΪصģֻз壬ϣʱһ꣬һ꣬һ֮ΪԲʺϷͻءӵ㶼ˣ
˵ⷬͻȻסҵ֣ӲҷģȻת뿪
Ź¶ȥﲻЩ꣬ѽ꿣ΪҪΪηҪˮ֮ʱҪյķ꿣һһнҸоİҾԼԽԽ˽ֻߣҴû˽űӲĵĽңֻε̾̾Ǳ㽫춹ϬǷһһһɣ

ˡˡδɺˣɺӵĴţЩ
һ󼱴ٵĽŲСµŰ崫˹˭ѽλ
ҡۡһЦɤźС£
ţͻȻ㱻򿪣ӭҵģȴƼСˣҲЩжæС˽£ЦʵúõôأѵҲʱ۸ǲɣ
СæС㣬ģʮգЩõĶǶûгţȻ۸ǣ
ѿڵʱնδţǰĻҲδȥпϧľջÿƯˣ
ȵ㿴˻᣿
ҵ˵ͷЦ̫ҳϢһգīңңҹ˹仨ᣡ
ԣСֵС㣬һǶʮգȻФ˻˵СڹһаãδۼС㰲ãⲻ˳յµģСɺãձѳȴȲؼң಻˴Ŷֶൣһҹ˵գСίĿ
ʵС¿޳ľھΣæǸС£ͱҵˣ¶ң˼ǲܣǵˣ
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С֪빬ԭ򣬴˿̱಻ʣֻģֻϼ仰ұѾƣֻö˵ЩǶܿˣҽЩˣǽúϢһҹҺûܹɻᣬָ˾ǽ˺úȥƻᣡ
ǳ׷ɵԵʣһصɺӣұԼرƣһϤĴϣҺܿı硣
һұƼСΧҵĴͷһůСѾͷôΧˣ
ۡһЦ㣬˵أ̫ڶѾӽʱ
ҡѽĴһϽ˴ڹض࣬춼𣬶ΪҪμ̫ӻ磬ңþ˴ұΪԼѵ׼ʱˣûϵһؼң˯ңȻ˷ɵĵط
ϴЦƻأôˣôɾȪĵƻᣬ˵ɾһЩŶ
Сһ죬ŲأĹ£
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Сᴷҵĸ첲ЦС㣬Ƕûݵʹȥǽʹʲôİɣʹʲôģģ𣿻Уϳʲôģǲһ׺ͷѽ̫̫ӡ̫ȢİɽǶģѽͷһĺ档
С̫ӣҲЦʵǸ̫ӣʲôģͲ˰ɣ
С˶죬̫ӣ
һĪЦݣ㾪еŹӣѵŹӱ̫ӣ
ĵ˵ͷЦţ
СºͷྪȵĽ̾˰죬ּЩʹȤţȻЩȤ¸СӽڻʹﹴĶǵ±ȥˣʡΪҵģ
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ʮڡƻᣨ

ƽմʱĴлֻǻƳϣɽһűǵƻԻͣˡʱֵľջѱȥ룬ȡ֮ģǽֱߡϡ¥ĸɫƣøĿƻƱȻΪֺ棬յʵƲݳ˵ƺǳơӳ֮ϣ˹ۿƺʨȸԼḻĸݣϲԽ˻ɲµյȻƻ˺棬ȫŮԳƽչܽϸŮɴƯƯĽΣѹƻԴٳ˲ٽԵ
·ϾƵССµһűһͬͯڽ϶ò״رĻơŭŵ趯ĻѲµĵսԽһһЦһ˲䣬ҸоͯʱĿڸգ˾˵źΨһźûīң飡
ڵƺȺƣͻȻ䣬ġ񰸡ԪϦҹŻǧ䡢ꡣ·תһҹ衣ѩƽƣЦӯӯȥѰǧٶȡȻףȴڣƻɺ
Ȼף㿴᳦תأȴ֪Ҵ˿̻ͷǷڵƻɺƼôһұתͷǰ֮ԵƻԻ͡ͷضĶĵƻɺ֮ѽԼ಻ΪԼɵͷЦתͷȴֲƳһӰЦȻᣡ
ǿѹסľȣװѹδƼˣȻĻعͷȴʼСģ⹬ףȻٴβң̫һ֮ҵĻ£ȴ֪˸кͼ˵ϵ磬Ƴȫõʲôݵľֹ˭಻ʹѽ
Թ˵ͷ˼̧ͷʱСһ·ŻƣȻѾԶҸϽǰ׷ϣ˶ñȼ࣬ҷȺ׷ϣǺܿС˵Ӱˡ
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𣿡үζŨңͬһͯааЦţȴͻȻꡱһ˺ҵ
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үҵԽԽӣͷ˼Ƭ̣˵Щʲôȴǡ˴үתۿ˿ңеͯЦϼааһЦȻɫ⺰

ǳү趨޸𣬶ȷ븹к󣬾ѡˣǺǣĿǰΪ趨Ϸû̫࡭






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ŵǳүϵݺƵ޵ĳѽһʱûӳһ˫Ŀֱ㶵ĶҲţ߷߽ӣֻܽͷת˴ڲ࣬ȻŬԼһȻģˮȴǲȻ
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ҵ֣Ҳɻһæתͷʱ͵ңգȻתͷ
үһЦҶ߻𣺡ƽչ̫ˣŮҴ⣡ߣԼȥʮӰɣ´ΣԸڳң
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ǽһţүָֻаȵ΢ЦҵǯǿӭۣһḧҵһƵЦ񣬸ղǱ꣬˱ʮ꣬汾ǺöأֻԱһģ㿴񣬱ǲᷣģһΣǱͷһط֪ж࿴˰ɣ
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ȻϵЦݸ˼תֱḧҵӣޱᣬɳڵĻȴ͸а񣺡ʵֲȷʵǸ˶ãңʵǳͿԽԽѽõʵүԵͷһ˫٬бң˼״Ӧý͸ҵĵĽжʮˣǽֵ׳꣬һֱҳȴδйֻǣƫƫڶȴ˼ֲᡭ
ħǹģҿ־壬ЭЩҪģôҵ˵ɹһ룡ʹõķôıӣȷʵˣҾµûңʱ
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үΪЦЦӵţҶͷǵˣǱŮˣֻǼƷأǰڲ㣬ֻҪ뱾ͼ°ˣˣ񣬽ҹúϢձҪԴ˳ȥѰأ
үܴһ˿˿ůֻҸо£ƶ̾ү㵽жѽÿ㶼ҪڲͬǰݲͬĽɫ㲻ʲôģԼǵѵٻҪȨƵλˣֵ˵һȥȡ꣬ȴͬƣһӰˣƫִڴˣˣԼһȡҲͰˣΪʲôҪñ˵ȥȡ
ҵĻүͻȻһͣĬƬ̣ڷſңֱӴվӶҲǣ
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ҵǷһ˿ЦүǸ߿ˣ֪ҳʲô𴲴µûУˣʵָҪƾһ֮䱸ɭϵԷɣ
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峿ɫŮһԡŮŮΪ׼ϴƷŮϸģȴʼ纮˪һԣγ첢ں˽̸뻰Ͷ̸ͷ⼸ζѧأ
ϣPhilosophiaѧphilossophiaʹɣphileinָ׷sophiaָǻۣPhilosophia䱾ԣָǻۡ׷ǻۡ׷ȻҲphilein׷sophiaǻۡģPhilosophiaѧ򲻶⼸ҶΪɬѶҳ߽ǵĥ̶үΪϲ⼸ģȻҶԳүƷΪݣΪ׷ĲֻܳصʵȻԶԶҵ󣭣Ҫ֪ⲢѧˣֻǷֻ֮ǣһ˶ңٵû·ˣ
׻˵ǿү̣µŮȻ͵סįһʱ䣬˳Ϊ̺硢硢ŵʱ䣬ʱ಻һԣ治֪ǲȻڤ뾳磿ү£Ѳý
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ʵǵү̫߿ŮˣŮѹ㿴飬Ĵʱˡ
үΪȻЦЦֵΪ㶼Ʒ죬ȴڴ˴ģѽ治֪ߵΣ
үԼΪҵķӦ̫ƽǣҲƽкηҸһ޶ϵ𣿿Щֻں˲ãүںȻҷڣֻЦүԸ𣿡
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үһĬҶްɣ񣡺ݺݵĺңֻҪסҪңҪң㶼ȰԼ
үĻһ˵ֱ꣬ԥĸҵĲӣֻ΢΢һʹ˱ʧȴ֪

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죬һϢһ£һææ״̬˼һµǰɽҲĿǰֻдµ˼·ԻҪú롣
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С֮ϣҺ͵ܵܵƤĻζ壬ǵҡδȵİڶְֻһݵЦ֡ŵܵܵĴЦȴȻԼƮޱȵľţ޴ĴŰ裬ɣ۰ҵİȴһЦ⣬ȻỺƮյңһԭƮֻҵĻǣҵ壬ȻԭأɶŵܵЦӯӯ
ĿԼԽԽԶҵ⣬ƲסȻ䣬ȴԲŴ˫۶żˣٶ࿴һۣٶ࿴һҲѽ
֮ϣ΢죬С֮ڣЦںƮѽƮҡѽҡ
ôһֱƮѽƮҡѽҡ






һڡƮҡ

ԵԶԵ顣
˼磬ۡ
ˣɺ޴
˼ԣгת
иָʫ衷

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һ˲ĶݣŮ󵭵ɨһۣĶҵﲻصģҼתɺӵļˣչˣ
չˣүСµΪҪЮҹԹԵˣҷŭĵ󣬶үҪЮѵΪǸɵӣ˧ȷʵǸɵӣȷʵүвˣֻһ˵Сµļ֮£ұ˷硣
һƽ粺¥İȫү￴˺ã
ɺŮټ粺¥Ķٺˣү¹׼ֺݣѳŭȴеΣҧгݵҵҪֵү˺񰮣
һ˫ңǣһ˿Ц⣺үʶգΪүὫʲôҪ񽻸𣿡˵˻ƿٿ಻ٴҡͷ
ЩĿ󣭣ڳүıԷʱһģȴԶƽĵ⣡˵Ļûүδκ˵ףңֻ˵һˣŮˣڹŴԭͬһƷƶк޷۳ķʽͼ۸бˣ
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ҡҡλμ䣬˼ү׼أѵǹף׳μұץţ˺ÿμһ־ڱصõģǣȴһ˿ȷϾ⹬ԸҪңδػȡֱַתһ룬Ǹľˣֻǿܵģʱһ飬ôҲͷԱʲôҲˣ𰸺ܿԼ
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˼ɿתѩ࣬׺īңԵʣޣҼȻģȻҺùǣȻϷ˹ҴߣпʱȡȻѩ飬㲻ɱңΪķĥңǰһЦݵѩ뿪ʻ죬ȴκε
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ѩϸҵۣҪٿ˵ȴŮĺ
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ѩȥݣţݱ㴫˹ױ˵ȪһŮӣ
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ڶڡɽ̫

ȻŹ׵ʣѩȴû˿ľţԶŹײͣЦݺö׸磬ʲô¶㲻´һ㣬ǺǣҿɲֹһȪŮӣѽɴȪŮӣݴأ̫ӸȪѰ˶
׵Ե죺̫ӣ̫ӵȪˣ
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ѩ׸磡㻹ҸʱеĹԱ֪ұܣǴأѽҶãҲϸأǺǣ׸磬ŮΪѵõļˣţϲеһλұ㽫㣬ˣɺã
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뿪ҾĬ˺һãȴͻȻ𡰅硱һд뱻ڵأţѩʣ˭˭©˷
һݵĳĬйŮŴūū澸ղŷ֮ȥȡˣ;;ʡҸͷū澡ūһʱţ˵˵ǸĿ͡͵ķˣʱδϸʣūū澱ԡΪδδġ
ǹŮĽͣѩϸѯʣصǹŮǶ⣬Ȼһһٵĵˣȥι
ǹŮƺߣȴԱ߿ͷ߽кģѽ
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ǹŮƺѱˣѩȴŭδݵĹŮݺݵ˭һֶǱ³
һĬңȴĸܵŮǵľԼʵøǵһΣֱȴ̵ĸоĴᵽλ쵼µҵɶƵŨҵĿ־֪ѩЩŮһֻһֻССϣ˼ˣССʧ㱻ѩĹŮȻڴģƷȫ֪ҵУ֮У
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ѩת뿪ıӰȻԭѩԾǹװȻˣĹīңΪ˱ңΪ˰ɽأѩûȪҪ󣿶ȪףīңֻӦԴأҾʹȪʧ٣īң˹ͬүԤϵĽ˼ˣвЩѹȻ

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һִ֣ѩ͹ױֱʹɽʵ۸Һ磬ֱӡж˰ɽ̫ڻʹһԷ
ѩķԸҺһԷ㱻ѾѺϴˢ˸ɾԱԺ̺̫ӣ˵ǷδԱһ٣һҲûϴ˶ȻҪԣϴҸҪϴϴʮյʱ㹻ǳүȻǧ㲻ǣһ仰ȴǶԵģţҪ飡ǳѩ˺кııȽԼιϴɾӦ
ԹϴҺ类ֱͬķ䡣ڷľ֮ϣҿʼ˼˷ҼȻѩ͸˰ɽĺɫ̫ӣҪס֮Ѳ̫ʵѩȻΪʧȴ磬п˱ɶҵļӣ⣬Ȼһᣭѩ֪ٶ˵ȻҪȴԶԶɺϵҪԣɽ̫ܽӴ̶ֳȣлᣬԻѡɽΨһӰ뿪֮ģֻǳүвֻǧ֮ɺӺ粺¥˵İΣ
ӽﵽ֣϶ɹ˰¶ʱ䣬յıȷʵƣ˼һҾȻӱϱ˯ˡ
֮ʱҵһס̧俴ӣģ伫㣬ȴΪḡʮӵģʣ˱ѩһ·Ϸἰĺɫ̫ӳ
һƽĮģѸһ˿ɫϵĶ಻һ١ѩһۣЦ磬Ӵ˴Ϊѡ˶Σ
˶ѩĻһȻԭԶֹɽѣ౻үٽѩ֮׸ɽȨ󣭣ȻĽɫȻͬңһȴȻǳүɽİ׮˼ˣҵǲɹһ˿Ц⡣
ԾעңɫʧӰ٣ŵĴͷȴһŵɵЦѩ۹ѽѾͷģξϳˣǺǣҪǰɽһѩøȹȥˣ
ŵôԣѩɫһȴֽᣬ۸ѩǺǣѽȻ㶼ϲ׼θлѽ
ɫ˿䣬ԾֻɫеĶңƼЦһֱֺѩ㣬ֻϧѽѩ·С㲻ȱκζѽ
ѩЦǵҲȻȻȱѽȴҪһˣǰɽĴ󽫾׸磡
һ㶣ͷѩѩ׵Ƣѵ㲻֪ǿȲָʹٺοǰ˵ҪȪðү𣿡
ͻȻ˵īңһɬ̽ӲѩɨһۣЦ׸ԸȢңȻ㲻޸ȪүˣԶ˶٣ѩų磬ɵðң׸粻һʵķԸȴһķԸѽ
˼Ŀһۣѩڰֵѩ˵װʵİӣѽҪ綼ԴӦ㣬£ȴûѽ
ѩһĽЦһõ𣿸磬浱ʲôҲ֪׸ȻСʱʶƴӣ磬ҿɸ㣬Ӧҵ㽫˶ߣߣҽһ͸Ҿ˾ˣһҲļ˶
ѩĻһΣڨЦѽ֪֪᲻˶ȴƫвң˰ˣϲף׵ĸһ˵˵˵ѩǧĵĹ޸׻˵Ӧ
ųĻѩ϶ʱЦ˻룬ȴֶԳǿұ㽻ˣ磬ӵĻ˵ˣԲϾңտɾͱҷˣ
ѩ漫ϲ⺮˧УϧΪ̫һգȻɴĿѩڰɽĻӦǼܿܲǰλɫ̫ӣ





ڡЦԷǵĶ

ѩֱӵв˿δ죬Ц̾Ůѽѩѽδףռ˺಻ˣ
ѩЦһָҵ˵ǧ֮вΪѰټأղŮҳʴȪ¥Ϊ㹺ĻŮӣΪðմصȪŮǺǣѾͷѵõò硢ƸƣǲĽ㣡
һЦݣɵĿЦŮˣǱ˼ˣǺǣѩҸѽ
ѩЦò׸ҸǿϧˣǺǣŮӵмָҵģҰæﵽףѸɢû˷·߲ˣ˵գѩȡһײ̳ڴϣ߻ЦǺǣʱˣӱ㲻㶴
һۣͻЦѩŮӣɱǸưѽ֪ûҿǲϲģ
ѩЦٸưͻֻҴǰѨղǽ⿪ˡ˵գѩһģ⿪ҵѨ
ȻѾҪٰͣѨһ⿪̲סѩӣδ˵ҵЩɳơ
ѩҵЦһֵǧ𣬸˶ɣұˣ
ѩδţѼɫĽұ˴ѩͷһΣֱĳһЦŻš
һϴĽҵ·⿪ӣ֪Լᱻ˵һ̣ұ֪ԼӲһ٣һ˼׼µͷҲŷٶãԼΪ׸ĸʱ߷ߵĸоȻǵصϯʱһûжþȫƲ˿ֻĿ
һҴһѸٵ˺ҵ·ܿ죬ҵϱֻʣǶ㡣ټҵȴʼҵĲӡ޼ƿʩֻĴųļ򣬲ͣֹһС޺ƺľֻı۾һǣжˮֹס̲סӡ
ֹͣ˽кͣһͣϽҶ캰캰ѽ
뵽ղ˵ϲŮڴϽкұǾǿĽ졣ҼȲ಻УңԽǲϵңұԽǽҧ죬εһЦ촽ҵǱ߶ɵŮˣǲʧϽУأ
Ҳһ㶣Ƽһɫ֪ĻϸϽſ쵰쵰ǰҲϰˣʱֻܷ˵仰
ֽ촽ҶЦ˶Ĵʻδ̫ƶһͷһ˫۾Цģϱ㲻һͣ
ֹͣ˽кϽɫͣԣҸϽ쵰һ̲סٴЦʶɣ

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ȷʵûʵԵķҵ̤ʵҷֶ˶ҪˣкЩǧҪͣ
΢΢һ㶣˵ͷϽȻ˵Ĵʻƶÿȥġ쵰ҡ߿֮ĻԼΪա
һҵֱۣһͷ·ȡһѱذ̧ͷЦЦñذԼѸٵһһѪӱ׼ȷĵѩ׼İ׵ϡҾôһȴ˳ͼһůмĿһۣϽŽ
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˿Ϊ裬ֶЦڱ˹һЩϰߣֻٺúõһðð
ϣֿʼһֵĹƣҵĲӡֱۺؿڶǣҪҵЩǺۣǣȥȴҵЩȣҵĽ಻ɵĴЩ˵̡
̡һ﷢Լͨ죬ת죬ұϽоɳȴͻȻҴһ
һƿȴšžһƿˡѩ˽ݣҸϽ¶أȴѩЦ磬ѩֶˣҸصѾͷǸŮ
æӱǿײһӸѩȻװＱĶѩѾͷԽԽˣ绹ûأȥ
ѩĽȾ˺Ѫİײһľ֮ϣЦȼ֮ɵƱ棡˵գѩЦ뿪ˡ
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뿪󣬳ȴԾɽ§ҡʱֵѽһԾԼȵÿҪ͸һ棬ĸоҵЩ£Ҫƿȴıţ΢𶯣ʧͱ𶯣
׳˼ˢĺȴĲٶ˿ֹ˺һδſңһ˼ʵҪҰ㣿
ԣ嶶һЩûзԣұ֣Ĵ֮ϺݺһѣʹĽгϽƿƵң
ЦҪΰ㣿һ˵꣬ұ׳ǰȻ⣬ӺˡЩ˼ڨڨЦæδ̫
ȽϣԼʵʵ󣬷ЦһԼòأ
һӣȫ¶ˣĵеҲҪǱأ
ͷƼڴϣЩߣȴô˾ΪЦЦȽҵ·ݸң
ƺ֮ºЦЦһŷ𴲣Ȼ¹׳³˿˯¡ҽ˯дú󣬳˯£˴ƽڴϣʵ˶ʲô֣
ҵһۣص񣡡
жḡαװһĴк΢΢ӣЦѩΪѽ
ת򴲶ҡͷǸӣû취ḡֻǰλɽ̫ӵıɫұϾ԰ɽֺͳ˶˽⣬ѩö˼಻ҺͱұѡʱĬ
಻ٱңֻ̾Ϣ񣬴˺»ҪίһʱءɻĿɫס̫ӱȻգԺУ
ĬȻĵ˵ͷҺòװ뿪Ȫʹȴıܵɽ̫ӵıԷŰɽ⺷ӽ֮жϣɽڶļҳ̶½Ȫй֮޲ѳΪϵŮˣѲɱɽʽ˹ϵ治֪˷Ƿܹȫˣ಻֪Ȫܷط֮գҵԺȻīңۣģʹīңѵľʹ˲˼ˣͻޱȣ㾶ֱӲ

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һңѩ㽫ǲݡ漴ѩҵѨһҵֱۣһЦӯӯĸоΣɣǺǣҸȻܳΪĻӣϹǲģΪôõһ飬ҪθлأҸ羹Ȼ˯һޣǣͷһѽҸ绹м㣡ţƲ㾹ȻЩıѽߣȪ֮ʱв˱ס׸硢īңȪүŸȢΪޣлһģȻã˵׼ձ㵱֮ģϧѽϧȴ˲лˣǺǣȻҸʱ㣬ɱҰɽʲô֣ѽҸڶеһˣԶûû֣ԶߣҸ㣬Ὣӽ¥ʱܺúƷһ˫ζʱҵƣĸԸȢ㡭
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ѩΪһģǣȻСǱܳ谮֮ŮɾôһӼߵŮӣ׾Ȼܾκ˶ó˿ѿ飭ֽһжңԣùȻ಻ڱԷܡǣһտʼڱԷӱѹˡ
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ҳֿ׳ĺδֱ𣬷ЦҵֵлͷɥΪαѶ־
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Ц߼ҵʱûУղ˵ѩֻУìܲǲڣҿɵջ仰ˣƷ˵·ǵĿӦͦԶģô֮ìܻǲɵͣȻǷ˵ϰǻ跨£㣬źֻ̫Ҫڱ赲ǵ档ǺǣҵĻЩɿֻĳɷ֣ʵȴȷʵ˲пᡣ
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ҡͷ̾ҿһҲΪǰˣˣֻȥӣȴһֱûȥѧʵõĹ򣡵Ҳŷֻ֣ûõģʱһЩ򵥴ֱķʽֱȴҲЧЩֵֻ֮ұֻ־ˣôһ룬ǾΣ
ԣǸĶҵ񣬱Է֮кܶҵߣΪ˲ɣҴֱѩϣҵûϵȴܿˣ˺ǻҪӦ֮ˡһ٣̾ʵȨȸ̫ǿˡ
Ц˵⻰ѲΪҸøл׼ˣߣֲֻ빬ˣΪұֻܸ˵գұۣﲻ⸡īң
δע⵽ҵʧЦȷʵǳ㣬Ϊζų⣿
죬Ҫصģ˿ңܹϲ
Цǲ㣡ҿó׺ϲ㣬ֻǲԼİˡ
ҡͷ̾ﰮ⣬Ǿлģ붼ۏɽˮ˵ûۏɽĻˮҴʱۏȪĻˮ˭ӵرԵԼѡһǸԸۏȪĻˮ٣ȪīңпͻȻ䣬ЩīңĻˣ
Ц֪ѩΪβֱɱ㣬ȴҪѾ˼ذɽ͸ң
һҡҡͷ֣ѩȻǰϲףΪҵĴںܰ£ôɱһ߽ȪǶùҴɽҵȻϣѩɱֻǿ͹۵ķˡ
̾㲻˽ѩ಻˽ףεҡҡͷֵ֪ѩһѩС˳죬Ҫ÷磬Ҫ꣬ɱ˷Żüͷ಻һ壬ϳԱ֮⣬֪ʧΪһ޼ȴȻɱ㣬ΪΣǺǣ⵱ȻΪϲף༫˽ף֪ϲ㣬֪ɱ㣬׶ȻΪҾѣܲϧɱ㱨𣡡
ҺĴĻػԹ׵ĹҲţȻ˵ȢңҼʶûҪΪұΪôƽҾѣ





ʮһڡ̸ģģ

עңҡͷ̾׵ĳɼ̫ˣ׺ϲ㣬ӹɵ飡Ҫ֪ڰɽϲ׵ŮӺܶ࣬δȢͷ䲻֪ΪֻһȢΪޣյķӦ֪ںģΪҾѣ˿еȣ
ֱԵνĳһŭΪգʵյĴڶѹյһݰˣһŭĸԭ򲢲ںգҲ˵ΪҾѣȻǴǰѺۣ
ҵĻԸ⣬˼Ƭ̣ŵɣȻһֱŬΣȷʵܸоԷҲ޺øСһ٣ֵȨϵȱݱǾȨ䣬׵ȴмʮıȻЩӴ༯ڱ߾ֵȻСȱȡ׵ͶԸ׾ѣѩȻţ֪ܽױҶ
ҵͷѩɱңҴȪѽΪȴҪҴɽأȪ˵׼ձ޸ѽ
̾ϢǸˣСҪĶ٣Ϊˣһ׼Ŀ꣬ȴǲĿĲݣǸˣЩһֱսɱ֪ȥǰկȴȫ֪ȥϲһŮˣ۸֮Ȼô׷ķӣΣȷʵϲ㣬϶Ŀ꣡ͣҵı飬Ҷ׵˽⣬ٸˣǰδذɽֻ϶ʱδ죭ѩ˽ףɴཫذɽ͸ңʵϣҲòҵѩãһʯ֮ȷʵǸУ
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ЦЦ빬׵ʶ֮ͬ꣬ʱѾʶǸ¶ʱûгԷðȴӲͷĲԸ֣ҵʱ־嶯˽عУ˿͸࣬˹˺Ӳڹһѧϰ䣬һֱͬ꣭ʮ꣬׼빬ӾʮΪ˰ɽʷĴ󽫾СůСС־սпɱЩůЩĮ˶Ϊ飬ʵȴΪж಻׽ȴһֱҵĶҪ˵Щûף촦ˣεĳҡҡͷѩ֪׵ϵɴཫ͸ңǺǣ޸ˣʱ֮ʱԿ跨أҵŮˣױܹܿҵĶᣬȻϲ㣬бЩ϶ȿԱףòİŮˣֿ϶⣬ѩˣ
Ҳ˵֪ѩ͸㣬ӦҲѩѽ
ͷױͶѩмһˣѩ˾ӦǻȥˣײҾѵǰ£׸ֻײԹң
˿ѩ˼Ϊܣһ򵥵ķѽҵ˵ͷʵѩֱӽ͸빬Ǹ׽ˣ
ЦһѩһᱻԵת֮ھ᲻ýˣڶѾַͨʽȷѾľѳۡ
Ҳҡͷ̾Ůƣױ㱻סѽ治֪ѩģ
ЦȣѩǸȺɫ޽֮ˣŮҺȷɵ飡ѩڱԷڰ˲ߣ׼ף跨ϧ赶ɱˣһ٣ֶЦңȷʵˣң˺ױΪˣ
ҼЦУӣɣҵļԲ̫ǵǰһ˵Ҫ˵Ļ
ЩεЦֻҪ׵ĳɼᷢǸˣ
ҡҡͷ͵֪˵Լʵ㽫֮ǰ仨ʱ˵Щ̫ƽĻ̸ͬЩ£תۿΣֲٶ𣬱תƻʵԱǷȱôأ
̾Ϣһѵ㣬ϼ弸ֻƿ˰ɽľھȨиŵĳ֮һ
ҵ˵ͷȷʵ˲ˬҲȻȨγɳ⣬ȨλĶ벻ǮģǸ⣬ȴܽһ˼ұʱ⣬̽̽ԼԱ⡣תۿЦΪ̫ӣڰɽȴѹȣأųĳ檣ڱԷ裬Ƕѽ֮֮Ȼڲòڰɽ跨Աѽһ棬ҲϣԼİʯһ棬಻ϣԼڰɽӹ̫ңȻûȡùȼã跨ȼѽ
˿ңЦֱ˵ɣΪЩʲô
ǣʹ˶Ի򵥣ҲЦԼҪȴʵû˲ܵˣ
ҡͷûУЩŮ˼Ƿҵˣз԰ߣбˣȥҲʵĽڽǸߣֻڱԷӦĻءǿŮۼ跨Ǹߣһ൱лģ
ԣ̲סۡһЦתͷһεЦǺǣˣҪһϣܰһŵùҵѾҪЩ书ڹؼʱ̱ҵȫƽڱԷ۸ȻĸڴߣȻԷ檶ԿȻѩĻɡ
˼ߵͷԣһᾡ跨ţ
ЦЦֵڶڱԷĵýǮĻЩӵɡ붩Ƽ٣ͼֽҿԻ㣬ϽʦƳɣĻҶЩ鼮͵Ķԡ⣬㾡ܰЩȪزɣ⣬ֻ˵Ϊֺ˼еĳ檼ɣ
ЦЩԷ£ֻǣΪҾⷬٶĿأ
ҵͷȪزḺ́ȻҪӴˣԱĺûᣭҵ뷨ǣȽ˽˷ɾŻá
ұ˵ʹŹǷЦ񣬽ҲˣϢɣӻأ಻١
ҹȷʵѾΪƣͷۺֻԷѸٽ硣





ʮڡ

̸໥Щ˽Σڴ֮ҹΪͨĹ̶ʱ䣬˯ǰ۰ɽ֡ľżճ˴˵İáȻȻδ໥޻̸ĵزбͬҶбһΣȷʵΪչˣܿ㰴ҵҪΪҶ˹ݺ٣ֻͼΪҶ˼С٣ΪҲϹ鼮ĵΪȪزƷرҪѾ֪ɫúʵѡֻٵúʱ㰲Է
ȼ÷Ͱ׼ǱѩȻʱٻĥѩʱɱԷ֮ʱȴѾٿԴˣһԣǷͨԼŬԸıԼڱԷĴǣļΪֻҪҰպó߶ȣ϶ѳ˵Ļɡ
ʵϣֻҴ򳡻Ĵգұ㿪ʼԼĳԡ峿뿪ǰٶҵĴͷ֣Ϊͷһҹߣʶ˲ͣȻڴϲǲʶĻȴֹʼݵķԸСѾ𴲣ұ˿ٴζұ˳ȴݺݵ˦һĶ⣡
ûϵһͻȻǰһл²ͣʱʱ쳣
ڱԷᣬͻȻһʱ񣬿ɸһҴأ֮ǰٿվĵȵң
ҵסִңתӻ˿ѽ֮𴲣ͰˣȻҴңѽ˴Ȼңʵǳѽ
ǻ˱ǸԼ֮ˣԼѾѾ޹⣬ʱٱ䣬ǰҷ쭣ȴԵ˵ⷬǺͼѵ˸ʲôôַ
ͻԽһ㶣ֱķ˵
ҲȴԻ˵ˣҽΪ̫ӵ檣̫һֱϣദѾȴŴζڻϣһֱ̣ѽܶȻܶпܻ̫񡭡ôһٷ̫ӻΪܽ޷Ϊָʹأ浣ūջѽˣ˷ҴѵҶ£ΪҴò̫ӱ棬̫ӴұǣǺǣ׻ǲȷλ˾çײ̶ֳȣһװ̧̫ӵš˵ƵĻһȴԲźۼ˸԰ȫλվЦ⻨˺ǲһеĳңҿɾռ˱ˣ
Ȼ˵಻Щ㡢㡢̫Ӹ״𣿺ߣΪ̫ƫ̻㣬㡢ǣҡҡ˵ĿǿӲһҹĪǿӲȴ಻ҶִңȻŲţȴԽѡֻս
ǵķӦҳ׷ЦһˣͷԼ룬ʱ˾˭һ٣ҺϾ˰£װ˵ǰԼ̫ɵ̫ϲң˵ƱңأȴɵɵŸڵĽ֣¸̫ңԸԼһʲôͬȥҲͰˣӽԺѽҿ治㷸ɵԼװ׳Կѽ
ҵĻǻɫףڲԵŮˣΪ̫ΪԷҲ룬ڰɽʲôԣڳ檺ѾǽԲȻ˽ֻ֪̫Ǹܣ⻰˵ԾҪģʶԼ˵˻Ͻ
תͷһ㵱ˣЦʵˣ˸ղ˵Ļû̫𣿡
һ㶣Ͻҡͷûû
ĵתͷ·ˡ˵ڳѯʣȻ˵δ廨˵Ļת򻨷ˣЦˣղ˵̫ʲôأǶû̫˵һ𣿡
޵ٶñΣʲŵʧٷֻﹾһ䡰ܵ⼸ʱŭת뿪Ż˷ȻȥıӰҵǸһ˿ǳЦ⣭żһ»ʹѽźǣԸѽҵײǸŵˣһӦöŻ˴һԣΣΣģϻ㻹浱ǣȣţ̣̣ϡˣɣԣԣѽ
뿪ֵЦſˣЩ൱ʶȤҿӦ仰󣬺ܿѰŸֽ뿪ˡǣŮȻԽϻ˸סһҹ֮䷢ش仯׼ԵˣҵӦԲ֮ǰӦûͣһˣ˼ˣЩεҡҡͷô㱩¶ԼǣڱԷڶߵ£ѩ֪ܿҵı仯ǣʲô취أȻһζ̺òŮֹͣҵĥҺβǿӲһЩأ˵ŮʵΪ壬ҪĵģȻʼضȱ̬ĳѩ
磬ѩ˱Է⣬糿¼Ѿȫ֪顣һңŭĺˣռ׸磬ڱԷҫˣѵΪԼڰɽ˿ɽѵΪ׸Ӵ˱Ụ㣿ߣˣҳѩŮˣԶܰе빬ϵ
Ҳδѩֻҵ壬йòʱҲ̾Ϣһͷû۸ңֺ˵ıοҲϲ˵ıΣ̫ӴҺܺãңѾˡ
⼸ҵɽ״ͬѩѩЩ죬ֻһ㶣һѣݺݵʵ㣬в𣿡
ҡҡͷŬԼı鿴ȥһЩȻҲΪԼκγв㣡ңֻȥˣԶһ٣ֵҲѩ㲻͵ĽҴɽѵıֻΪ˽ĥ˵⻰һҪѩҵɽĿΪ˴̼׺ĿڴﵽĿ֮ǰһҪѽһ棬ѩͣԼ糿ԴǵķΪֻΪ棡
ѩעңĿ˸ɻã㵽ɽȻΪĥ㣡ܹԹҵĻֵܹҸĻģ׸糹׵ķ㣬ܵĥȻЩ㻹ܱסڴ֮ǰָܹϺӣ
δȴҵĻظѩվһĸңȻߣǲǰŮԴ׵飡ҪסڰɽҪסļֻһ·ߣǱʹԵҸ벻㣡һ䣬ˣУһѩĻһ˵꣬㼴Ťͷ뿪
ѩ뿪һڣһ澲ĺȲ裬һ˼ŸղѩĶԻΣѩδҺ̫ĻɣǸԸˣδ֮ǰӦòὫҷȻƺ׼ҵĥ಻ֱΪǰǳãû֧֣ǰ檶ȻҹΪңڱԷĴȻõƣ飬Ĳðɣıˣ죬ŬҺӮɺϵĻᣡ





ʮڡ

˺յ״ȫϣвԸֱҿϣȴֲķҹ徲ӣԽѾ̽ҵ̳߶ȣңȻԼ衱ݣɵĴЩСС鷳ɹŮʱֱΪҵͷѩȷԣ䲻ĥҵȤãȴ಻ǵִܿרԼԴ׵μΪ⡣ԳƵҵĺĵɣҵΪΣϵĶðҵѾɹҡ̫ӳ檡ȹ̵Ľ
һգѩԼǰȥٴҪ⡰檡һͬμӡ֪Ϊɽϲ˶ǹ˶ֻͨԹ˲ܲ룬Ϊռڰɽÿʮ±ʽʽȻѩһͬȻΪҼʶɽ˶Ŀģֻġ̼ףҶԴ˽֪ȴֻѩİţһǰ
ֽƽݵؾУʱѩס硢Լϴβļӽѵ
ԶԶˬЦǸǸˣ
§ķ翴˿ЦԴС˶ѽÿؿɶ
§ʵңЦ˭ҵѽ
ĶңɫԵЦѽ˶кر鳡ԡ
ƴһ·磬ŭȥȥȥ˶һѣҪٴ˶⣬ҿɲŹ㣡
ԣ׵ɫ΢˼֣Բתףǣƥɫ䣬Щį
ѩ˫۽ڹϣźۼü󣬱Ц׸ѾˣϽɣ
ƿһѩתǣ볡翴˿׺ͳƣתͷѩҡͷЦѩѽ
ѩɫмֲͣĳһ˷ϻ࣬ҿѽǶϰɣ
ķļЦ߰ɣ磬ǰ㣬һֱҶȻ֮󡣡˵գһǣСЩһת뿪
ʱѴ֪ɽڲ޸ɽǹĲԭʢʶɽжó˵סְҵˣֵֻ֪Ǵи֣⣬ǰɽڹ޵ֵԭ֮һˣϾڻδձս֮ǰս֮Ҫǿܶܶࡣ
˵Ҳ뵽ԪʮͷɹˣƾٵľӺĺڹӦսʤеˣ㼣ʰ뵺ֲǣϴצϰ뵺޵ֵʤ֮һ޵˵ɽɹŻмƣɽĲԭ༫ɹŴԭƽ̹һ
ڣɹŲԭͷ˵νġǣŵϼʵϣҴδԹ۳ҵĸоʶʱŲԭ񱼵жҵ¶Щۡ
תۼ䣬˺ü֣ͷͷεãó׺ͳƾ̫Ӵ༫Եıʵ
ѩʼնұеĹעȻеĽתת飬ЦҰɽµһλȪ˶ɣѩ֣ױһڶƥѩֱý丩˸һƥ
ޱԶһƥֻͬһվԭأ޴Ŀǰߴ˼ԼǷҪԱ
ѩĴǸһ˿Ц⣬͵ĳױ˻֣һױ㽫ҡסһұεıӣ䲻ÿܺùһ㱻ɣ
ѩһۣͻȻЦ߰ɣҲԱԣ
˵գѩԾȴھʱ䲻ƥƨϸԸݺһޡҿҸһ§ӣܾȻԾδұϾδۣ˿̼¿ԽԽ죬಻ɽ־塣
ҽ˫ۣоεʹԼ˾ȴ֪ƥͣΨƴ§ӣԼͣѩһȻ˺һ˿δм١ѾԼ˫ԽԽԼܿ޷§Ҳ֪֮ʱȴܾͻȻһ٣ڽ׼׷Уһ֪Լ˴βˣȴԾ޼ƿʩֻܱս˫۵ȴʹ١
Ԥ֮Ȼصľʹδұһ˫ֱ۽§סڿз˼ºȵ˵ءоԼȷѽ̤ʵأҲŵһŷԼαסʱĹ׽§ң˫ֲٶң˫ĺȻдžֺ͵ǣ
пڹ׵Ļ˿һҵǰ⺮һ˾ȻΪҺº͵ǣͻȻоЩů⣡
ײõ۽ǵΣŵʵ£
Ҫڵлȴ˵κλֻܶŹҡһҡͷ
׽ŵ´ңȷºڷЩ˵ȴƳֱϵ˺ۣʱתһץסҵϸ˺ۣһʵ̫ӻѩ
ʱԾδȴ࿴ȷĹңδĺ۾ţһԥǷ֪ʵ飬ڴʱѩѾһǰĶʵ񣬿ˣ
ҡҡͷҪ׵Ļȴ§סҲ֡
ѩǰں˪ȴװǻƵЦƥͻȻܾˣ㸣ûˣҸҪˣȥ׷ˣ֪û¶ء
ҡҡͷҴѩİϷŶѩлġ
Ŀѩ㱧תߣѩһסףЦ׸磬ҸղŶ켱ˣȥѹѹɣ
ԣһ٣ȴ˦ѩ֣תͷ̫ӣͷıԷ
˳ƵͷõģǿЩɣȻŻˣ׵˵ͷУ
ÿѩı˿̵ķŭܶ϶ȻѴҪŭתΪϵ˺ۣһ̣ҲԸȥ˼Ժ飭ֻпţŵ಻ԸƿݵĹů





ʮĽڡԣ

һ뿪ȫұ˻˯״̬֮ʱѻص̫ӱԷѾ뿪Է
һǵһ˱ˮҺºҹеʵɻвʣ
ҡҡͷлֵҽ˵岢޴󰭣ȴƫɵúúòһ
ԣҶȻܾҲԲƷģҵֻܰͻȻЩŰˣҾԲҪԲƷԲҪһǰǸĴӣĵװġ
Ȼҵ뷨ҵЩ죬ȴҲ׷ʣֻ̾˿ʵѩ𣿡
ҵͷ˭ѲΪԼܾˣ
ҡҡͷϷھ뵣ǣҿǲܣҸûϵĿ֮ѩ
ҴʱѾȫƽЦ²ܹ㣬ҪֻܹԼûԶϱһȥѧ书ȥѧƫȥѧЩɲó黭Ǳ۸ˣ
ϵϷʱ飬ЩȻû뵽㻹ֹͦѽ
̹ЦȻƽ£Ȼֹһ£ˤ˰죬Ҵ˿ѰٻͻȻ뵽ܾͬʵӦû°ɣ
ĵŮһƲ£
Ӣˬҵ˵ͷֶҪھΣҵŮϸڣ֤Ҵӽ˱ˣ
ЦѡȷˣҪʱ͵ߣѩɵģĹȷе˵ͷ˶٣̾ҿ׷ֵ磬һ·񱼼ʱϵ򣬺ǲѽ
п˷ȷǶ
ͷЦһֱ˵˺ϲ㣬ȴƫǲţܸ֪
ƺгû׵ͼҹϵĴĻҺܸмûϰߺʹ㣡ҳϣһ£ҶԹ׵ӡȷĹۣ밮Ͼ£ҲԸԼĸ鴦ڻ״̬δټ˻ĻᣬתƻΪѩվǺͼǴ衢йߣĴ㣿
˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷ֪ѽ̽̽ҺеĵλҪййߡ
ѩǺ뷨ŮжҵĲңúϸı״ҳᱻŮѽһֶʵҶΪȪزΪ޻ɣ
ȻϰԾʽʻʽҲ죬ֻƽҡͷҵȻ˳Եļӵ飬δ쳣϶ĻӣǺǣȷѳΪԣΪҴ˾ֻΪ˲˶һЦ
ҼЦЦǣǻ濴ңѽʵ˭ҡҡͷöֵͣܲ˵ȪҹЩµʳոһϸ嵥
ԣɫһζʮĵϸ˵˵Ĵ㡭
ҡۡһЦļ򣬴Ȥ˵ԽԽˣװɲݰһѩŲɣǺǣΪ̫ӻеϧݼЩ涼Զ
΢΢һ죬ڨڨЦǺǣҲ
ȡЦ䣬ԹһֻƿذɽľַǺѽ㽫׼ͼıûǮǰ첻ģԴοûҪڰɽ̳Լ
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ͷȪ˿Ʒ֯·Ȫߵ··Ȫģ···¢ȪиߵҵɽڹȨڽ··ƷΡѵĺ龹ǽ··ʵȻС֪·ϰµ͵Σ벻㾹Ȼʶ
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ЦЦ˵ԼļƻջԻЩ¿Ľ·ܵ꣬ȻһгȪɹƷ嵥Ȫһɹڻ˶٣Լ·Ĺϵǰ·ǩԼΪ·ṩλͿʽ·ݷҷֺ죭ǺǣҴǰֺҵĹӦǺܵöģ֮⣬¼ͼƻʵ·ĶҺģ֮·ôĺҵͻȻʧٶٻӰ죬ټ·ܵĴƹ˹Щ飬ԣͻȻյʧٵҴӰɽͳĶҲ˹Ŀǰ״̬Щ棬˵׼ͻʱ˸ǰǺǣ˻˹ĸ߽ʿǱлֺ̽Ŀˡ
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ǣȻճһ𣬵ĹϵʵֻѡսѺͬ˾֮䣬̸̫ι̸̣̫ҳϣԴˣҶ˽֪ɺʣУɫֵĻӶѾԣɽĺ֮;һʢ̫רġȪˡ棬һѾʧڳеĶķģڷˮԭ֪Ϣĵһʱ䣬㼴˰˴עԤڣһľػӮң׬
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ͷЦͻȻãǶ˱һ಻̫
֪һʱдǡŮ鳤Ӣ̡֮ˣ˿þ˵˫ۣԾɾ죬ЦѽᾡǺǣձ㱻ȡ޷ģͲӦÿȡʤӦÿȡʤ˵գҺˬһƣЦ۶˸һǰһƣǧ
ңҡͷ̾þ˵ʲôȡĻ
ҵͷӿڵʱ˿̣˾Щ㲻֪Լ˵ЩʲôǺǣӦӦ˵ѽ˸ƣ۶˲õģһֱƣȷ·ʳ㡢ңһģԣڴ˴һңưɡŲЦݣȴһ˿⣭޶ܷԴÿ˶Ӧ͵øеȨȴ飬ӲҪżӱɡ
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һԣȻܶ˹ֵù飬ֻлֹпһƼ·ұȪգֹרĵѡ˹Ĳ塣ѡòϡȷʽҵѽΪƽ˹ʵƹҵɽѾжˣ֪Ȫһпɺã
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˹ЦŽӿڵҪģŽ·Դ԰ɽĶ٣ʶǶڰɽֵĴ㣬˷׸ɽһרΪǰڰɽµ꣡
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ȻһΪĸһΪѩ̽ɵ׽Ů˼Ư·չֳŮİԣָž»·˷ܲѣ״Ц̫ӺЩƣԾЩƣƣ˱⼸·ɣ
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˹ֻ΢΢һ㼴Ӧ༴صǵģˣţǽ·˲أѡ˹һ˵һҸǰֱңҶʵģ粺졢Сһаã㣬ס׷ʲô飿ôôᵽ˰ɽڰɽ̫ӵġԷ
֪Ȼ⡰֪Լ跨ģҴ˿̵ԾǼģʱ䱦󣬴ʱԷ߱ʱֻ̣˿˹˹𣬴һѾ޷㾡ԣնʵ棡ʱ޶࣬ұֱ԰ɣǱ˰ɽģڰɽѣҴ˷ðдǰʵ˾ȷʵͻΪѣֱԱǣ
˹תң֣Եʵ㣬ǶԨԴʧ֮ǳ㣡˷յϢʱԸҵɽΪﱸֵˣʵֻΪѰ㣡񣬶о֮ұȻЭ֮κҪֱӷԸұǣ
ǵΪ粺¥£ǺΪ·ƷΣٻǳ¼ҵĺ·ĶҴȷʵע֧֣λصϰƵЩ𣬵ȷܸо޶⣭ˣɴ±ϾϵһԥԶ˹ʵ˹𣬼ȻǶԨԴܸʲôȻ㡭
˹ҡҡͷЦʶΪζã񣬴²˵룬Ը׿ڸ㣡ģһΪ㣬һ˿຦֮ģʵֻҪұˣʲôˡһ٣˹⣬˵°ɣǧĽҴӽϣҽȻؽҪЭ
˹Ը䶫ҵݣ಻׷ʣԼ˹Ҫ̹أ˼ˣҵ˵ͷ˹лл㣬ʱܻؽʵǣǽ·ǷԸڰɽͶʣҵ
ҵһҪȻ˹Ԥ֮⣬Щȣ˼ߵɽֲƽȣǶԤɽ֮ڼпܻᱬң£ǲѡĹҴӪĴͳҵȻȻҪһȻֲͬˡ˵ؼ㣬˹ȴͻȻһתӴˣ˿ǽ·ƵĲϣƣƽͰ⻬ȴ־߱˿͸ᱡص㣬긦һƳȪܻӭأţĿǰƷĽ˿ɫк֣ÿɫǳΣ
δ֪ȻǴѾأҪڣ洫Ҷ˹ȻһЦɣ
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࿪ĵĶЦˣ·幤ɫСδôƯ
ЦٺÿҪ˺ϳĲѽվӣ˶ôÿѽһ˷վĴЦΪ£иѡһɣ
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һƴ֮ڻڴַ֮£˹޵̸ĻᣭԴˣҵżȻ·Ԥڰɽֵ꣬˹ȻٶȽӴĻᣬǲ֮˻ѽ

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ںСͤºԺѾϲ˿ȥ̫ӱԷԺǸ˽ܵĵطɣԷ಻ܽԺû˵лԺѾ̴ӽԻԹԵĴѾˣˣԺΪദĵطÿһգҪ˸졣
һ٣һ˼˹̸˹δüԣƺϰԸΪڰɽչҵǱۏɽ̲ˮ˹ϰȴΪҶһҾ֣Դ֮ʱ϶·ϰұȻʶ䲻ע֧֣ϸϸһ룬˹յĻƺʾʾĶȷǾʶ˵ڰɽȻ٣ȴ಻࣬ʵΪ·ϰ˸ֻ޵ļˣұ벻ͨˣ·ϰҵѣΪȴһֱأ
Ҳ۽·ϰ徿Ǻˣ಻ݵĿģ˷ԸڰɽͶʱãֻܿٽ˼ˣ뵽˹ԼɽλͶʴͳҵҷǳͬ˹ϰһ۵㣬ɽλӣǴ˷ͶΪĿķ񣬹ʶѡЧ졢ӰҵǰԴйۣҸ˽ͶΡԴ;ҵҿ⼸ҵҶž޴ӰȻΪ⼸ҵϵشżϸߣѶϴܷ˳ЩҵһشĿ飡ȻˣԾ⼸ҵϾͶҵķպѶȻСЩͶֵȴԶ⼸ҵˣν֢ҩҽѷᣬĴļѣǿҽȡһȴĸ֮ʩ
ʱڣɫѽڣƽմʱȻѹңɽղ֪ΪȴԳٳδӰԥǼԺȴȻ޷֮ʱһ΢ӭϮδüӦұ㱻˷ٱСͤȻӹԺ˹ַȥ
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īңŬ̧ͷȷϣһӯۿīңīңˣ§ҵˣһǣӵīңѽһʱ֮䣬ҵаٸн˫֣ȴ޷Ƶıīң





ʮ˽ڡ֪

жûīңˣһμ棬ǰŴʱƻϵĴҴһƳʱҺ޴֪īңѩ⣬ȴΪһʱĶ⣬ͷ㿪īңѰңǣһбҳͷɣͷ嶯ҡɵҡ޴ҡԵҡ룬ҵʱӭīңǷܶ㿪үİ㣿ңǷȫͬأֻϧû⣬עԶ޽⣡
ŶȥˣĲԸȥź಻Ը˼īңζζ׼ζȥ˿̵ңֻ뱧īңֻܱīң˶ѣīңӹԺ˹ҽ֮УֻıīңֻƴȡϤġİ¶Ⱥζ
ֱīңͣ˽Ųվ֮Уīң§һ𣬲Բȴþò롣þ§īңīңཫ§úܸܽܽоһúܿܿ죻ܵĿġļĵǡĿ־塢ĽšĲ
ҽͷīңػīңҵͷ§һ𣬾˫ֻۣͨĴܶԷĴڣ˭ҲԼһ˵㷢Լԭֻξ
ãīңҵػ¹ңﷴૺ񡭡񡭡
īңḧҵŨҵ˼ȴȻдſ־뵣ǣ²īң˲٣˲٣īңһᣬȻΪ۲ѣȴԾ˵οֻƬԭ鵽طһ㣬Ψִ࿴ֻۣҭ
ϣīң񡭡ɣɡīңǿҵĲ￴ֻǻþһͻȻ뿪īңϧҸæ§ŵңīңҡ
ȻǱīңɴ˷Ҳŷԭ벻룬˼ʵзģ˿ٶȿīңҵˮҲ̲סȻ䡣ᣬīң޴Ĳϵ飬޴Ȱ񣬱ޣޣòã֪ܿˣңҲãûܱ㣬ԲĶԲ𡭡
īңû£˵һҲ˵Һܸ˺ܸˣɴʱңˮֹҲֹסȴһ˵ڣֻε§סīңֻܽעīңֻҡͷðΣҲƽһЩԾ涣ȴ̲סһ渧īңһԼ˼īңˣˡ
ԣīң§ҵ˫ӴЩ۾ʱøң૵Ҳ㣬Ҳ㣡㣬㡭
īңʧҵĴߣǳǳңѲܱ˼һֽ§ҵһַסҵľҵ촽īңȴʧ飬ƺٴȷҵĴڣƺ˵ҵ˼УȷʵоĻϲ뵣ǣĿļҰѽҲңΪҿģΪѹ뵽⣬ЩЩᣬ§īңȻúߣȴĻоҵĻӦīңǻһ𣬼̶㱬˸顭
ñط꣬īңǾĬ§һûû˵ǣ˺þúþãҶ˲ƽЩīңεҵ֣һ಻뿪ҵӣ񣬸ߺ𣿡
Ĳܾ̾īңɴ˿ȴֻѹҡͷīңҺ뿪ɽڣһߣ
īңЩˣѿʵΪأ˹ֻϣڰɽ꣬ؽ𣿡
īңĻŻȻ·ϰīңǽ·ҵرעֱ֧ȫɽˣֻǣīңΪҪһأѵк֮˼ˣҲɻĿīң̾īңÿһ飬ƺǺ֪
ԣīңæҵĶҽ͵񣬶Բ𣬽·ȷµĲҵⲢǳ͢ĲҵʶһֱδԼݡңҲǶҵ֪ǽ·Ķңܾ·ĺʵ·ǴҵĺӦǶˣǸ㲻Ҫ𣿡
īңקҵ֣ŵעҵۣһһȥ²īңˣƴǰĴƽֻΪңûûʧ۵ĿīңҡҡͷīңֻССԹһ£Թˣ㲻ˣ㲻ңһԼԭҲ㣡һ٣˫ˣȲ̸£īңΪλڰɽѵ㲻𣿡
ҵĻīңɫʮ࣬˼ֲͺ⣺ǰұǰִ֣˶෽֪̽ѩɽԾЩ֣Ȫʧʱǽ϶ɽĹ׺ѩ󣬱˰иٺ͵ǣȴδκοɵ˿˵ˣīңɻĿңʵ񣬴˷֪ȷڰɽ֮ұ룬ѵѩȪͬ
̾Ϣһͷү
ԣīңһȻȻ壿ͷһīң૵ԭ壬ѹҺŸôҲѰˣǣΪΡһ٣īңȻ̧ͷңɫЩʵѵȻ
Ұ˹ֻܴҪһ¼磬οǣַǳǳΣ˼ˣҵмȾůԺīң˵ͷұ½ȥ
īңɫ࣬ҽϣҵ֣ѩ㣬Ҹڰɽˣ뿪ɣʱڽ¶棬ǿѽ
īңϹеĻҵжʱһƬīңһҲŵīң֪ĲңϸɣүѰŮһͬɽҲǷ񻹼縺űʹ಻۳үڰɽǷ񻹰бߣǳԣֻҪһ뿪֣үڵһʱõϢүȻ粺졢СµҪЮңȻ˶ӣɺӲСˣҪӦòѣ粺¥мٺˣҪͬʱ⼸ٺ¾Ͳ̫ˡ͵ôˣҵȻԸΣصİɽĴǼʻīң룬ʳѰѪһ㣬˽һ㣬ڱɶ˰ɣ
һ٣ֿīң֣ص֮⣬īңһһֱһ⣬˵ү̶꣬Ϊȴǰ˿ݼҰģȻұ˰ɽֻҪģ綼Ѱѽʱı񲻾ȫعˣ
һ˼īңӿڵ˼˵ܿܽڱҪ䣿
ҵ˵ͷȥֻɿԽˣīңɽɹΣǳү֪㵽˰ɽܻܿǰȡжѽ
īңҡͷ񣬽··ҵ걳ŻģʱҶԴȤȫʼԴԼǷ̳㣬Ž··׳ұ¶ԼݣһҲԸ˲ҪĲ²⣬ɣνߣΪԼһ·ԣڽ··ֻ֪ҵݡ˴γУδȥ壬緽ʽ֮Σʶ˷ұСĽˣӦɽˣ
īңôһ˵Է

ǣӦûʱģҲõģǸ






ʮ¡֪ģ

һֱҶ룬үԸѩǷζѩıƻҪһ˼ˣұīңʵīңү˼ѩͼΪΪҪѩ֮ɽΪṩεȺô
īң˼ߵôţȷв֮ģô޳֮⣬ඨƻλ׼һ漰սǱȻ벻Ǯսɽʢͭ룬֮ıԶǣľӪ֮£ǮӦò⣬ôѩӦñϣӰɽսɣ
ĸҰɽս˫ұͷӦ˰ɡīңү춯᲻ǰɽδʱṩսأţµһ飬ɽδүṩս跨һϡһ٣ЦǺǣȻϣ·ĲΪ·ϰӦõİɣ
ԣīңȴͻȻЩĿңŵ񣬳ƺϲ㡭⡢Ҳѹ֣ãȻϲ㡭ƺദò
īңĻͬӭͷһˮīңñط꣬ϲѹһӦеĹǣҾԼѳΪŮˣȥīңݵĽܶȣ˿̣ȴͻȻˣżīңװ׵ĹϵֻѡֻǺߣɻѵߣȴԾѡ˼ĬȻҴ˿֮ɰɽվȻѡʱڰɽѱԺЩͻѱ뿪ɽʱԾ֮ѽȻˣīң֤Щʲôأ
δ𻰣īңȴ૵õȻãЩѽû±ã鶼ҪֻҪû±á
ԣ֮ͣ䲻ӣȴ಻Ὣ飬ƽĶۣһˣһŴˣӦû԰˵ٷǳںīңӦҲɣñط֮ʣīңԽ֮ϣ˸Ǽ㽫һ뵽ܣȴҧҧǿĿīңīң㵽ɽкüգӦ֪ڵ㲻ܽңҽܵģãδŮδޣȨѡīңģҼȲҪ಻ĻԣΣǻѡ
ǵһ룬ҽл뿪ɽīңݣһѶȿܴܴ󣬶ôһ˿˿ԥֹֻѵĹϵˣ佫ʹڱ˶ϣǵģҵĻǴʵǣҶٻЩ̽ĳɷְɣҵӲȴֳ˹
ԣīңżͻæһҡͷһ漱еĽ͵ҵ˼ˣҶ˵Ļԣϲ㣬ҪһԴڷζӼеͷڴ֮ҶİĽ֮ҰѽֻһˣҲ㾭Щʲô飬ֻҪﻹңұǷѾĻҪͬһ𣡡һ٣īңֵҳϣ֪ദȷʵЩԴףĽʼ㰮Լʧȥ㣭һ֮дδйĸоָоˣɼˣδйͷ֪㲻㲻԰ɣ
īңĻҵˣ̲סȴҡҡͷ
īң̾һŻһϵᣬһϧĿҵʧٵĴգС±㵽ðңһ̵ѰʱұʧٵϢȫˣ˺ǿ򶨰Ѱ㣬ʵȴ飬ϣֻһʱȴֵ㱻²ȥˡҹ޷ߣûûҹѰңɽĽѰȴȷԽԽ־壡ʧٵ⼸£ʹͿµľҸĸ֮ʱͣʧȥ׵ʹδ̫̣һΣҲ֪Ϊ絶֪Ϊ꣡ҳʱֻ֪İ£ô˷ұ޿λã⼸ÿһҽ룬ֻҪƽʧȥݡƸʧȥһеһжûйϵѽǰ˹Ƕ֪ϢҲͬ»һ㣬ȴǼȿֵģһǰ֣ÿ˴ϢȴֲóȻ㣬һ㡭ң㾭飬УԶֵ䰮ı㲢Ҫƿң԰ɣ񣿶ңҲֵ֣ģ
īңһ˵һקҵ֣ҲƲס£ֻīңһʱ嶯ŵԣȴůһжһѽīңĻһ𣿡
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˺īң򵥽˰ɽξ桢ĴԼҵĺϵϣīңṩ֧ҵҪīңȻϤӦһṩ˲мصĽ飬īңҲɸмлл㣬īң
īң§ң૵ѾͷѽɵѾͷѽΪ㣬ֻΪ㰡
һīңֵ֮ұ̻Ȫ˹˻ڰɽİţ֮⣬һصȪٰԱɽЭͱ㣬һˣɽϲȫ֮ߣȻٶİţ⣬㣬۽ʲô飬һҪ跨ȫԼټ֮£ҪţȪи˰㣬㣬㣬㣡һҪסûʲôŸҪûʲôŸҪѽīң˽Ȼమ಻ΪŮ˽˹Ҵ£ΣīңΪõİţ
īңĻ˵ˣһӰͻȻǷīңоҵľţϽҶû£ǵˣ
˹ӣɽ̫Էš
īң˵ͷ˱Ȼ롣ź˵ıīң̾Ϣһպвһ˵СͤƬֶԳ˶Ȼ룬ȴ书ǿ֮˽εĽԷ㲻书һ̫Σգ
īңĻīңղҷԽ˹֣ɴȤīңȪðүǽ·Ķң书ÿҶ֪ʵɻбң
īңЦѽ
Ȼ̹̹к㣿
īңЦŻ䣺ҺμĵصȷǷζӣǽ·ںɽδἰʵǺɽǸ¸ҵѾͷѽ
뵽īңǵҷʷʴģҲЩգīңѣᣡīңǵʱģҪʱģ
īң¶ΨһĿЦ⣬һǣȻˣһҶˡһīңۺҡҵ뿪ˡһڰɽϼգ⼸գһ跨ģһͣ٣īңڵ㡢ȻСͤɣң￴߹ȥ
Һ˵ͷͻȻīңһǣȻſīңĻת뿪





ڶʮڡԣ

ֺ߳Ҿ˹ϼŻصСͤһ·ϣīңȻעңȴʼղһͷԼôһͷҲȥһ·ϽԲһͷһصСͤȴ̲סƴ԰ҹɫ֮£Ʋ԰֣ȴѰīңĵӰ
ʱѱѣٻС
ϵ˿ɻʼɡ
޸ģҹӦ¹⺮
ɽȥ޶·Ϊ̽
ԭʱѡѣʱңбͬȱʧһ飬ɬ֮

һСͤһСѻصԺ
һңЦ񣬽һЩȾ˰ɣùˣأţ
ҡҡͷƽĵˣҽղö
ȴѷҵ쳣ͷעҵۣɻʵôˣ㡢ǿ𣿿ǱԷ֮۸㣿
뵽īңܻڶ£ʶ㿪ĿͷûʲôֻǡֻЩˡ
һۣ˺һƬ̺󷽲ЦԭˣһΪء˶٣ֵղ֪ģü͢ԱҲţӲһȥ˾¥ǣұΪңѽ֣קҶ˵һϷϻȴʲôҪҲδᣡѽ˵Щƽҹϵƽȴڣʲôͼ
δ˼ұ˳ڴ˭֪أܹݣڵɽɡ˵ԼһĪǣЩ˾Ȼīң֧ˣתһ룬סĽǰɽĹԱѽīңΪȪүڰɽӦûд˵Ӱѽ˼ˣЩɻ̧ȴһѰ˼顣
δ˼£һ룬ʵ⼸ɽȪս֪óȻΪף뵽½޷˼ֱֻ̫࣬ѯˡ
ɻĿ˿ңŴսǰɽڹս֮һʶɽڶƥƵ÷ǳϸ񡣰ɽɷĹ涨̻սȾɱȻ󱨾ڸ˽ƥɱͷĴ֪δյƥ룬ԣ飬Ȼ̻˽µΪˣһ٣ʵ񣬴¿ǹϵشĪǣ棿
ҵ˵ͷɫ·ǵֱӹϵȪ֣Ӱ쵽ˣ򵥵ġŶһʾҼ˵ȥֵǱȪĳүܺѩѩɽģζţүܿһĺϵҲ֪Ƿ˽λųȪһӵĳүλȪʵ۵ܡպͳĿľʰ֮ĵǫǫӱТʵȴı֮ģǣֻϧѽүһֱܣڳͰӮ˼õĿڱȪһֱ̩񰲣Ȫʵʼͼβ޹ʧһүҪѪеĶȨ㼸ˣʶȨıλΨһ;ˣӳүҺ˿λҰĵоȨļƻ㼫пܻڽ¼С
˵Ѵףӿʵ˼ǣүӰɽս
ҵ˵ͷҲȱǮүսȻΪ׬ǮôߺĿıǽΪͬ໥֧ˣȣΪүıλս߷֧֣үڶȨɹ֮ȻԷͶұǺǣǡıȷշΪʱ죬ɽ޸Ĺ֮ʱسүǷҵͬˣȻֻҸ˴󵨵Ĳ²⣬ҪСĵ֤
ҵĻ˳˼ãŶҵķڹ֮УȪĹǿȪӵսڹ֮ڰɽ÷Ҷ˸ǿͬˣڰɽǴĲѽţ񣬴˲һ飬ҹƻȪսұ跨һϡ˵ֿЦӦϣ飿
ҲЦԽԽĬˣ
ǿһЦȻֵȪ̫ʶү֪һ
ҡҡͷ̫Σˣ˲ߣŴԱȻвٳү谵ҿʱǲҪðֱŴϵɣ˵ݾߣ΢ԥһ£ֵģȻ˹ȡϵŴǺ֪ܿүˡ˵ʶһ۶԰֡
Ŀһۣƽʵ񣬽·ͬǺ𣿡
˹ұֹ̽·ĺˣʱٶ£ƳЩߣ䲻֪ܲ³࣬Ϊ񼣬ұɴ̹Ե·ȡϵȷʾԸǺңܿ˹ڰɽ·ˡ
ԣ϶ʱָɫƬ̣̾Ϣǵĺʵƺɲѽ˿̫ӱԷȻ֧ʹҰɽسɽ̫һϣôһ룬ڵϲǡ
ĵ֮УұͷǷô˺˫нܷˣȴ˼ĿܣǣǲǺԼΪպ˷ңȴɽλˣ
ϣֻǾĿңЦοأ񣿡
ЦЦԶԶ԰·֮ڱԷʵɲ⣬ӦΪԷİȫ©Ȼһϸľ©µ˵δұ֪Լ¶ˣ֣˽ͷĵص㣡δ˻⣬ֵɽĴΪǡڽ㣬ҵȷʵ֪Ǻǣȷǽ·İţֻһɺϰˣϾֻ˸㣬·٣ȻٰԼжˣ
಻ܷϴֿԣ˵ͷּҵĿһ˵Ϊ˹Լ·ĶҶֵεģȻΣ˲ã˲ɣ㵱ǼģûǾκҪ֪ȱεĺﲻʵЧܲڲĺ󣱣Ľ̾˿ֵ룬ʵ۽·ĶݡʵϾֻһȪˣ԰ɽԸص㡢⺷磬ܱܽ˶԰ɽͳΣ赣ڻĲȡɽĻλ佫¢ϰɽҵ԰ɽйӰֻԺʽе֮ĿǰҪǷңֻз˲ܶĻλ̳Ȩɾ޴вԣȼҰɣ
ԣٴ˳˼˺óһʱ䣬̾Ϣһδ֪־ǣ·ҵȷʵЩ̤ʵ˵̧ңǶԵģ˲ã˲ɣ䲻˽˹಻֪·ҵݣӦ㣬Ӧжѽ
ᶨ֪¶˾ģͳү֮¼·ĺۡ˺ַԸԺѾţҶ˱Сͤһһۣ֪䣬ҹ





ڶʮһ  

˺գÿұᵽֵȺīңīңȴһֱδٵһǳīңһȴֵͷ¶ΣաȻīңڰɽİΣȴ಻óȻֻÿնԽƵǣҺã⼸༫æµδҵ쳣
ڣ֮İīңٶ֡
˵īңپ˿һңīңǺݺݵңȻ§뻳С쳣īңұ֪˷ðǰȻΪ˵ȴֻǿ񣬹ƽ̧ͷʵһжźˣīңֻĬĬ˵ͷȻ
īңֽͣвһа׵Ȼٶ಻ᣬǸþ̻ȪˣҲ˵īңүδͨ˽ԽɽΣԣȪĽ̬ǲڰɽ˼ˣʵ뿪
īң彩һҲڲסھ˸УԺұҪ뿪ˡ
ԭīңϱҪ뿪ˣԣͷһʹϽͷסڵĸˡ֪īңҼȲֵǣ֪ĴǸΣǰ޸ѡѾΪţҸԹԹ𣿲ҲԹ಻Թ
һ٣īңֵһҪأκҪ跨˹ȡϵ߾ȫ㣡Ȼ˺ܴԼīңԴЩ
ҵ˵ͷ˫ֽ§סīңıīңľĥ䣬ˬζȡİů÷һСĵġīңҲҪౣѽ
ߴīңŵһ̾ҵ壬עҵӡһ̣Ҳ˲úߣīңרעңעһ𣬲֪ټǺʱ֪Ƿлټ˴˵ݿɡ
ֱīңĺǰߴ٣īңԾɲ뿪ԣīңڴ˵һ̣һΣգīңзִ磬ǰߴ٣Ǳˣ˼ˣҹīң֣˺һīңīңأ
īңעңŨŨĲھΣ̾Ϣһ߰ɣҡ￴߹ȥ
ҵ˵ͷ㼴ϵת뿪Ȼ̫̫ĲᣬīңջҪ뿪ѽֻǡֻǲ֪һǷټԵݣ뵽ҲɻһīңҪסңȴջ˻ȥ
īңˣ뿪ΪɽȴΪȪֲò뿪
˭ڴ̨ѽִ򿪡Ǳδ˭뿪ǧ֮⣬ڰסĬ̫ңԶమ뿪֮ǷڣѲ£һȥȴ
صСͤһǺڵҾƣһ˼ĺСͱīң֮ʱòƽʵһţԶȷʵʺԶ밮飬οīңҪԵģȴʱ;룬кܶܶʵѣδҡĿȥ
һƽһƣ֪ɴ˿̲ȵƣ治֪Լ˼ȥ治֪ԼҪΰ˿̣
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վʹΪҶϴƷϴϺұ߳ͱʵҺˣôݶǵˣ
ۡһЦڵ˵Ȼ̫ӵ¸ѽģҲɇRĿࡣ
յ״رǱһڿ͵ЦҲ̾һһҿܴˣ֪ϻȡЦأתһ룬ȻѯƵԭôҸλشأҸøīң𣿿ɣʱƺԲ̫죡ӦӦأѻɲһ¶ѽ˼֮ˣ
˺һգҶ˼Ӧѯʣһҹȴûлص¥õ飬ﷴһȻ˼ɴȴ̹ϣҪƭһЩأΣٽҲƭ
ϴҶԵ˯ȴþòߡϰߵǾˣɽҹҹߣҵɽ״һ˯еϰѽ˼ˣҲɾúЦǺǣĪǹأ˵ǹ֣಻к֪һᵣİΣأߣҶҪú˵䣬ڳ硣
峿ھΥĳ̧һǻηǰʾˣףѵҽó衱ΪʧѾõķžٶȳˣӻ˼˱ȲĽˣ绨Цմڲزסֻѽ̫δ޷¥֪Ķȥˣ
һ滺һ浭Ȼ˵ʲôݣ̫ӵĶȥұˣȴɻ
ûƳ˶Щʧȴܿٽԭ㻹֪ѽӴˣ̫үԷţ˵ѽһҹû뿪Է绹ֱӴԷȥϳ
жݵʧܵԷȥʲôΪξû֪һ⣬ЩĪĲ죬ȴɵרЦŮ˲תۿ򻨷ˣŬŵȻЦ⣬ǿ̫ˣƽȰ̫Ӧ¶մȥˣǱԷڽ֮ѽ
ڷûεҵĻʧɫ䳰ȷ˼ֻʧ뿪ˡȵ߿룬ʵ̫үʲôʱȥԷѩڱԷߣȻйעĶ
ԥһ£ʵ棺˵̫˱ԷֱӵԷǶõġ̫ԷһޣֱӴԷ븮ϳ
ҵ˵ͷȻ治ɫĲԽԽ࣬ҹδ飬Ҳһڷ¥żҵ˼붷ЩİΣãԸüҲͰˣȻкҲҴһҲδ̫ɫ˵ɣߣҲúý
δҽĻᣬһҹٴδ飡ڴ֮ҹԷ

ͣĺܳʱ䣬ܵڷչǰ趨õģ۶æɵġ





ڶʮ  

գһδص¥δ˸ֻƬ
⼸һ氵ΪīңİΣǣһ棬˼ԭ򣭣ԷȻԼĿģΪˣΪ̽Ϣϲ磿ΣһΪβҴϢأҵѣӦøذɣ
ΪȷʵǳǳȻٲȴȻΪģǰֻ򵥸ŮΪү£ȴδǿ缫п˼ܡոǿһ浣ǰ¶һൣԷΣգҹҹסһԺȴҪΪ㵣ģָо⼫ˡֻǣ뵽ŭȴɻˣǸǽˣôƫƫڴ˿Ī飿
޹ʲ飬ҵ鱾ѷ꣬ĳ̫ӱԷŶҵֻ̬Ѹٻͬ飬һ磬ͼڷߵҶϲͣ룬ã˵ʲô̫ӲСգѳˣߣ۽ø̫ӵʱĸѽأЩҲС꾫ڱˣԺ󻹲֪ųʲôأ
ó裬ŵĹȻȻһӣ۶ֻǶ죬ǰռ˿ˣ֮£ǱҪҽͬ߾ȹûԶĵˣֻԶ棬ƽҺ޵ŮǴ˿̲ǵĳƺΪáŶҡĲƽ
Ǻǣ˶չ¶飬Ȼ£òӦûӦ䣬ֻӦллλ˵Ĺģ룬ӦҲûҷɡ˵⼸ӰûĶ̸ҷŲѽ
˭˵ûѽ֪̫ӵĶ裬ȴ̫ӣ̫㣡λ㣬ϵܲ˰ɣ̫ܲӺʱҲغһ԰ɣȻЩҲ͸գ˵ڵĻɵѽţƽȰ̫Ҫ¶մҾã̫Ǻѽ
ãѽǣȲҲѽ˼
ѽ˵ͬʱԷɱϾ̫ӵʱһЩѽЩ̫˱ˡѸٽӿڡ
ڲ̫㣬಻̫ӿǽκһѽ˱Ļ͸¶˵ǵġ
ǣֱ̫˶һѪı˷ŵķ߿
һ㳪ҺͣǺò֣ĺȤѽŮ˴ǰ֮ʱõЩԣԭⲻķϣò˵ŮһȺѽ˵ЩûӪĶһīңء
Ҽ֮ʣʱҡѣѽã̫˱ˣߣʵ̫ˣȥ̫˵˵㳤ײ֣̫ӽϳԷ˵ѹȴƫҪҶߺ𣬰Ƿ˺ô󾢲ſס˫䡣
̧ͷתζҵڷˣҼҪЦ治֪Ů棬ǰ̫棬ҵʹҲͰˣҪе㼼ѽֱ׵ˣɵϲŻϵأһҹΪѵţ̫ðɣô˵ҶǺýá
ҵĻնűըˡǷˣһ徲ˣǳɣҸɴ鱾רĵĿ֪˶ãΧڰҾ̧ͷȴڷ˾ѱϳ˷䣬ߣ뵱ȻıǰӸ۱Ŀѩ
ˣԭֻı£żչҸѾ˱ˣ
ϰѩһİģƽ˵ûұǸͨŮӣ̫ӶұֻһʱȤˣҵȻָѩҵĻΪסīң˶ֻһʱȤȻԶ߸߷ɣˣѩԽǿңұԽ
ԣѩбңôô˵ĻˣôұһΰɣСˣٲʹҸ磬͵űӽԺɣߣĪôҪȥǧɡ˯һѩֱ첻мǰЩӻħƵΪĴ棬תۼȴ˱Ůӣߣ绹Ǹͷβĺɫӣ
Լ̫챻ᱻת͸ףѩ˷ǰϵû巣ңɹ˵ʽ治֪ѩĶ֪ô˵Ĵ֪ʶٸձ죬ǸŮʦϡƽ˺þãѩڿ糺ңһĵߣҸôãʲôûѽ㻹װʲôŮýеʱҪУöʱҪ㣬ڴҪĿɲŮߣҿҸΪ⸱㣡ѩǺһţȻ뿪˷¥
Ŷ˱һѽǱлΧѩ֪ʶըΣһǸøлѩģһϯʤʮѽִǰ֪ʶ಻רҵʵãҪҪڼʶ¼˹ת粺죬Ŷ粺¥ĹרҵĪ洦ѽ
˺һգ뵱ȻȻԷѩȻδ̫ӱԷԷһǱᵽ¥ըһ죭ڵңµ徲ʱ䶼ûˣÿš߹ðŹԹҸоԼͷҪըˣ룬ĿҪƵˣ





ڶʮ  Ĵ

ãδһգص˷¥ֻһΣԼŻģǺ˾ƺ˷˻
ʮδط¥ˣӦǿȻǡܺúˡҸһϴ˯㱻ԺĳѣԷǷҴԸᣬס˯ȴԶĴ񣡡
Ҳ֪кμ£Ͻ˼±㿪ţһţѽ͵˷ſڡԶԶŵŨŨľζҺɵЦȻЩˣҸϽǰסתͷԹ׵лл
׵˵ͷɫһ䣺̫ˣȻ󽫾˵Ǿ˽֪ķϻദʱ䣬֪ԼѺõļˣұֻٴκЦл׽Щ֣Ŀһۣʲô˵ȴվһԲת뿪ˡ
һ뿪ҸϽңͬѵʹǰæȴƿ߿߿ͨͨ߿ҲҪǣֻҪֻҪ񡭡ţȻ㿪ʼͣĺҵ֡
տ湻ڵģȲƽݵüģȫ˽ľģȷˣƺһ˼Ͻ뿪ʱˣ˱ԻϢɣ̫չ˱У
ǻɣ̫һ˿϶æ
ûϵģģ̫ҲѾˣһӦ˯ˡһЦһȴĸ˸ɫ״ϽӦеõģˣҺΪ̫׼ϴƷɣҵͷлİϴƷ׼׵Ȼ˱һ뿪ˡ
ֻʣҺˣſأһɵЦ֪Ѿòˣȴ̲סһͷֵҪôʮղҪôһź̫ӿ湻ѽߣŲҲ뿪ˣ
ⲻͨϢʧʮգҪ˵ҲǼٵģǰһΣȲѯʸףҲܴйǱֻźϢ£˵գұ§׼ΪȡҸһվȴֱһأ񣬱ߣҪߣ
Ȼһһʱûע⾹ҵĻɵЦȻʱٶĲ죬Ҳûһƽѽֻӵˣû׼ߣһľζѬˣȥë
Һ˵˵ƫҲţͬӤһǰƵǣ˾ƵͬһƤƵģƺÿܹվߵǰССѺķҾţ֮Ҹ֮ʱǲ֮һҵһɴ˵ϣֻǲѰ۵øźϴǷֺõĻѽǺʹ
°ĨĨͲӣұϽشϣٲߣ۶ҪԳ϶ұ뽫ϴԼĨӸһմϴ㽫Ҳק˴ôҲҲֻСա벻ǣϴԽ§Խ˫࿪ʼԽԽ֣ԺʽҪ㡱һϽƴȴ˿ҲɣǱ˸Ƶģ˵Щʲôȫҵķֻﷴҵ֣һ§ǣһ˺ҺԼ·
ͼƿΪҪδҹҵжô飬ֵжôᣬ˿ַޱȼǼѹ£Ҷеﶼ˺֮κӺͷһͺԥĳҵ塭
Ǽ˺þãһһΣǿҪҺüغߣ˯ȴԾɲ§סҲš
ᣬڻҵۿʱôҲϲĽʹǺʵģȻᣬϾҵĳΣҹ޶ȣʹܵģǱǿĳУΣҵĳΣĪʧȥˣٵˣȻǾĺ飭޶޲ˣ
ҹ˯Ȼ֪ܻôһ죬ȻѾʼ׼ɵһʱһǻẦ£ǻΌܣǻѹѹ֮أʵѾüһǶĿǰΣմԣʵԹϵһ°ɣΣڱٷ޹ϵ̫ΣˣҪҪٰɣ
ôһ˲īң뵽ãδתһ룬ʧȥˣκ鶼ѽܵʱҾȻ뵽˳үѽǳүжôɶǾ仰ȴǶԵģȥһвϣ̣ʹ޵ĳүĻȴ֧ǰеľ֧
ʧʧȷʱĲ֣ȴʱʹ˾ей˽ߵĸоȷʵϲĹŴӦþĿ飬Ҳɣԣɽˮ¥̨ĳ˳ּ˸ˡ





ڶʮĽ  

峿һۣƼıһۻ̿ھεһ㼴Сĵʵҡ
΢һ˲ĲһһУᣬ̲סӴϵһƬǼĽմ˯µݸٴνı۾ҹֱ˺еõ˺˯֮ϣһ֤һǿУһ棬ȴԼ֤Ȼʹ˿̵ԲֶΣյǣȴಢȥ۲ϻı飬಻֪飬Ѿ˿̵ھжôʵ⣬޲
Ҳڣ಻˵֪˺þãҵƽ̧ͷĵǸ񣬶ԲĶԲҺˣǵá
˵ͻȻסڣҵӵС˼жΣ뽫һƸǱȼսսѣ˴֮ȷʵԽԽĬһ񣬱֪Է⡣ֻǣʱҲõĵǸҲ࿪ۣҵ·ȫûˣ
΢΢һ㶣㼴´Ϊȡ·ֱС֣һͷ׼ֽ·ʱŷȻȫԼ˿δŴڣĵװһҳת壬ȻѵҲ·
ҵӦһȻǡ¡ĴԼڱｫ·ã´һ´˫ȼʹҵһæңָһҵ·ȴָϽ˻ȥ
ھηһ˿̣ȴֻĿһۣԼߵ¡һֱŵŵվһԣȲҸ˵û״ҵĲһ֣ȴԲĲƵĿָ棬͵Ѿѹ㲻ΪӦһƺ𣿡
Ըæ£Բ̫ȴֺõΪҵһ衣
һŽһϵĻ˳ԸԸ⣬鶼ѷˣѾһҲٶ˵ʲôǻȽΪãȣǷӰǵĺⷽû⣬أ
ϽӦҵȻҲû⣡
ҵͷļǺãǼȻҪǱӦ໥أԣҪĳŵ鲻ٴηˣ
æӦȻϣȴСĿһۡ
δעӣֵ̾ЩŪ˵㸺⣬㡢ҩʱ䣬ڣҪеĿܶɱҡ
һ㶣ȻδӦһ죬ҧҧ͵⼸ҵڣ
ȻȴŵЩҩܹк
ȻȨȡᣡԣɫһףۣĬȻ˵ͷģЩ̣תһ룬ҹԴңѲɻҰºӣҲ˵ԸԸǿ鷸ĺӣǾƺ±ҾĴ
һ˼ֵ£ҿԲ㡣̧ͷң˸˿˿âұܿ۾ͷΣһΣգڼѩҪҵ壬Ҳˣ
Ĭһ񣬶Բ֪Ǹ޲仰ԾҪ˵ġ
һɫҽĵǸ
һ٣СʵҡûŪ㣿
ѾĲ׷£Ļȴ̲סίôܲˣ㡢ôѽ㵹˵˵ҵԲס㣿ǣﱾǸ֮ˣ
ԣ¶ɫæ͵ǵģ˾ƣΪԼԷ
Ļҵɫɲףռײ˵ȻһŮӵ޿̵ĸұҪţȴһססңææҪͣ񣬲ҽͣҽ͡
Ľͣס˫ᣭڴʱͻȻƿѩһлһ˽ݣ
һתͷѩһʱ侹ܿ췴Ӧ˹ɫתڣѩŭ𣺡ѩǸʲôȥżˣǰδѩ˶ŭǰһ̷˿ȴΪҸϽһץס֣밵ʾ侲
ŭѩշЦһ淴ţһͷЦø磬ȣӵĴҵ鷿㣬ǧż
ҺĿĿѩݣֱȷԶҲСʵأΪû֪ͨ㣿ѩԷͻǰܻ跨ǰǽѩĳȻ֮⡣
һԥִ񣬹Ƽպܻصֻ֣ȥ飬ȻܽҪ֮ҲĿһδٶʣѿڵҪСһ㣡ʣµĻ̻
ôΣ֪ǰǺ󻢵ΣմѾԭΪȴΪĻʹСӣǸղ˵ЩʲôĻѩ鷳ˣ˼ˣ̧ͷѽָƽżȥѩż˵仰
ҵ仯мֲ졣̧ͷˣԺ󶼲Ҫˣϲ磬Ҫ
ҡ
żЩʲôȴĻҰѻ˵꣡ĬĬĿһֻۣýӵĻ˻ȥҶ˶٣ֻ飬һһȪɽȻʮ˽룬ȻΪүĸǲɽôıӦöˣڴδ֮ǰӴԼСĽΪϣ
죬δٿڣҼڶ㼴Է޷ϣ㻹ܳջػط¥ϾЭҸ޷˹ȡϵǵĺ޴ӿչˣ
Ӧ֪ˣ
ѩ鷿Ⱥʱ̸ʱңڲҵǼ䣬룬ұѩ£ȥɣǴ̸޷
˵ͷһۣ㼴뿪





ڶʮ  

뿪֮ԾȣһԼȪ龰һ뵽粺¥ɺӵĿʱ⣬һ˼ȪѺͰˣһȴֻԼദĵεΡǻ䣬ҵľԼȻѾɽ̶ַǹ˺ңΪһִŮӣֺ֮¹أѷҲת飬ĥĥӦĪδ
ڽԼ˼ʰ׵һ򻨲裬һ濪ʼԺͨҵδȵǰѩˡ
һݣѩб´ңǹһ˿ЦƲ㻹ЩֶѽǺǣ⼸Ҹ絽һѽܹ𣿺ߣЩĹѽҸôӶ㾹ˣǺǣǰһǰװ׵ˡһӱѩ׿ȥ˼ζȴбĻһ٣ѩֵߣСˣҲʲôУֻҪμסɽôҲǷҷҵģ
һ֮ѩһӣΪҸױԭǰܵϽͣټԶƷһƷϲ֮´󣬶ǰѩͬһ˷Ḯ˷ѩר̻ص̫ӱԷǡ桱̫ӳ輧ЯḮΪ˱ݺϲ
Ϊռ֮ĽɫȻҷǳˬΪѩȻϱԷˣȻûпܵȨڳŲ˸ֱңңᶨȻвٰɽϯȻҲֱӵ洦ȴһֱ۹۲ɽٳĻᣡʶδ룬ױ׵㱧Źͬѩ˷ұԷ
ٰزڷḮլڷݻԷһḮԷţԺڵƻԻͣŻŮҶͿ˽ԴϢ˶Դ˴ӣǱƽպݹˡ
һбͱѩȻɽڳѩλȨƵĹʮ־ηȻϯһЩ͵۽״ңɫȴǸ졣
ѩֻڱ΢΢˵ͷ㽫Ŀת˷硣§ɫԵĿңüЦҵѩһͶ٣ӰˣҲǹͲСѽ˵Ц䣬統Ϻݺһڣ䲻ܣüͷȴ΢΢һ塣
ѩָָʾԺתͷԷЦ۵ĿϵȪ˶òһľ߲顣صشΪѰĹ٣רΪأ磬Ƕǳѽðɣǣ㵹˵˵㾿ʲôС
ԣѾΪ־вɣȴշӦЩͬյĿȻĿͣȫȻƾģҩ̧ͷܣķϯϱԼʮˣƺΪɽĵȨسֵǣƽշȦڵĹסƵسȴǽδ˼ˣһ׽ⳡ磬ºˣм˼֮ȴùעŷѩĶԻЦʲôĿ˶ԸɣǺǣ˶ǶҺߺǶȻޱȵģ
ѩȻĿŷ磬Ц˼ڸǰϯˡѩ뿪ֻϣѩ뿪󣬷翴ҵĿ˵Ǹӵ޼ɵС˶׼絯Щʲôѽ
Դڰ״̬Ȼ˿̼ԷѺ޵ȴֻܵӦôŮΪ˵һȪСɣںġŶһӻʾҵ١
ɫͨȪСø¶ˣ˽δȪСвͣ¾ˮרעȻ಻֮˿ɣֻһֱɫԵ۾ֱңĿźε
εĺɫעӣмȾ־£ȴֻҧͷ٣£òͷϵһʱһʱɣѿѡر𳤵Ŀֻ࣬ٹһҩܹˣָͣ䣬δԸѹҪ׵˯ȥ
Цδţ˶ò˫ȫѹר㣡˼˸ٵ࣬ҷ޸ǳ˶ˣҿɵԾһʾҳֿĸмĽ֮ѽ˵գѾΪһ󱭾ơ
ԵѱҩⱭ಻֪ǷҩԥžƱһ֪ҪӦǰ֡絹ҲգſеߵҸǰҴս֣ḡЦ˶ƲҷⱭأƲҷѽ
תͷ˿ҧˣŮȷʵƣɷŮΪ˵һͷ
һתǹһ˿Ц⣬ҵҲУһȴǷЦȻרΪҵСǱõΪһˣҿɲϯô˰װռѽţȾƻǵ٣˶Ըѡɣ
绹Ǵ󵨣ҩȻʾռұ֮⣬˵򹷻ˣοϿһɽ̫۰ĳ輧ҧҧҽ֮һȻϽסתͷԷ̫ѾŮ÷̫ӻظϢˣˣŮֻܸΪˣ
˿ҵĻֻЦǺǣ˶ѽοԶأԷԼªշ࣬˷ͷϢɣ
˹ﲻɸŭ뵽ܹ黹ǰɽ̫ӣݱֽΪɽسҹ⽫ŴһЩЩǿӲǸˣˣ̫ӳǰԣ˵Ը¶̬Ҽظ
ȴӷЦֻǻ˻֣һ̴ǰȻǿнԺȥݵİɽ󳼣ʱֻרע໥ƣװδע⵽ִȻ˶Ը಻̲ˮ̧ͷͬȪʱֻǵͷã಻ҡ
ҩᣬֻһҵͷ㿪ʼѣཥǿɶķַסҵƿﲻɰпࡣ
Žͷ󣬷Ḯֻ˴㼴뿪ȴԱ§Ųšһ뿪һָŪҵգһЦһӳϼǸѵõ˶ѽ
ƿ磬ȴʹһ㾢ô󺰾ڵȴϸЦţ˶Ҳûã磬Ѳģҵ˽ԷԲǰҺ㡣Ǵڰ׷һѽ
һżͷԽԽΣ״ӵ⣬˶Ҳţҹдѵʱȣ˶ԹԵģȻϧ񣡹׼˽ҹҲԸŸ
·϶Ӳģ粻ϷŪңһָŪҵգһʼҵﻹɲ૵˿ӣˮۼ֣˶ѽ˶֪Դϼһ󣬱¶Ҫһһ׷󡭡
֪ھʲôҩڵͷηʧУһ˿ҹʧȥ֮˺δƽѵұֽ





ڶʮ  

֪Ҽ֮ʣȴͻȻḮ̴ӽ֮ͨˣ׽
ŹͻȻãɫ˲䣬洺ɫһɨ⣬ֻݺݵĵһۣ㼴ƿңһ롱һǰ˷š
⣬״һǰƲƳһۣɨʱһ˿ŭȴѸٻָһĮתעɫԥķ磬Ծһı䣬磬ɽڳȴ֪Ϊζ©ң
ȷˣȴֻϲ徲ССļ߶ô󽫾
䲻֪׵⣬þһ
ҵĺ׷ʱſһ㣬ߵǰŶڴˣ̫أ
ʱҲͷԽԽܼУֻþȫ̫̫Ӿ֪ܷ͡ǻظ
վƲϵ飬ֻԵЧͣϵȡϣ׽ҷתͷԷ磬˽̫ӵ·
̣ƺԾʲŹһһٵףΪһŮˣֵ𣿣
׷ҵֽɣδٿ磬ֻͬصѽΪһŮˣ磬ֵ𣿣
粻˵ҧҧ˷ɹ׺½Ҵߡ
ֱ˹׵һɣұ㼴˯˹ȥ֮ʱǰҹ۷ԼһİĴϣһһ߱㴫˹̫ӵڸڡ
תۼԶԶڴߣаʵĶأ
ҵĽע⵽΢΢üĽ͵ҩ̫δѣڻ̫ӱԷδذȫ
ҵ˵ͷֻССһƱôã֪˶پƣػ˯ʱ䡣˼ҹľȳҸϽмллл㣬δֻǿҡҡͷ
һͼҹ飬ҵͷЩΣ΢΢üͷײδСС͸¶һ˿У
ȻȴʵģҲһů΢ЦҡͷֻһͷΣ£лģɫ΢Ծȣұתƻ֮֮ллˣҺҹ÷Ḯ򡭡ֻǣ˷ǵḮˣ
ҡҡͷҵḮк£Ϊ̫ӣ
ѽĶôɺϣ׵Ȼǡȥҷ磬ȻΪҺרǰḮһ˼Ȼĵͷԭ֪ڷḮѣ
ĬƬ̣׵ͷϣȷʵڷа̽
ԣҲ̧˹ףҵһעӹףȵķ俢״˿̾Ȼһ˿ڣ΢Ц˵̹ϣ
׽ңͻȻһ˿ȣңˡ
޴ӻر׵ʢ飬ֻܼװûƼĿ⣬΢΢ĵͷͻȻҵԺ뿪ḮʱĶԻ֮⵱ȻΪΪҶԿҲֵãǿӲĹԲδֱӷԷԼĻѷĪΪһŮƻҡơףеľţ֮ҽһ˽̣һƥ֮µ³ç֮ͽѹƹܵİɽٳˮ棡һ룬ֵǣǺɣ
ײмߵͼǺңͬǺ̸磬׵ĿȴЩޣв죬ȴʣֻܵѵӣСˣΣԺɣ
ζеĹ֮⣬׺¶һ˿ů⣬ͷһģһ٣׵¶ֱۣɫ㼴תСҵֱ֣ǳһ˺ۣʵѩ𣿡
ҵͷ׵һ˿𣿡
׵¶ھΡʹҡͷοǾˣѲʹˡ˵ʵȻˣ಻̫ʹˣһ棬ѩζҵĥ֪˶ҵĥϵһ棬ϰĥָ
ɫ΢ͷֱ۵˺ۣδɽ಻ܴĥ
ĬȻ̾˿׹ίıǸ⣬ɶĻȴ治֪λӦɣȷɽ̶ҪȴǰεĶˣãҷŵ֮һУҵԤϣһж˵İŰɡң˿̼ȪδƽʵȪȻ̰īң˵Ĺϵ˿̱رǣС
ԣû𡣾Ĭã˺ܴģ΢ʵ̫ӡ̫ɺã
һЦû򲻺ãν綨أҶԣɱãȴˣһֱ˵Ҳأ
ظҵĻһһӵľĬ֮󣬹ٴνעңڲסĹУ̫ӾѰְб㣬ɽƸӣн֮⡣Σ׷Լ񣿡
ԣҲ΢ǵĽлҵ֣÷·нйǧٴΣȴ󣭣䵽µˣʱĻ֫޲ȴǿҵıŶҵйģҼ޴ȴжֻܵͷˮȴȻ̡
ʼ䣬Ʋ幬רעޱȵۣƲ棬ĴָҵʱܵΪḧˮĶͬԴӵıҲɿڵ
Ĵңףɺã
ĳֿҸܾҺ˼ĵͷףѾûˣİɡ˶٣ֵҹȥϢչҡ
ҽл֣׵ųһ˿ЦݣҡҡͷŵĿҫ˯뿪һ˲信ͷųѩڻҫ۹â
˵üֻܵͷĿϢУȴػһְ±ϣǰһױŵûԸˮ಻ȴһپңβҴȫУóһΪҶۣ룬ӦϲҵģôԶȪīңأȻ֪ܵʹίӦڹװɣں˼ʲôʱҡ׻īңһҪ飭ֻ棡





ڶʮ߽  ݵĵ

ǽ̫ƣҩδǰڹػԣڽһҹ˯ü䰲ȣ֮ʱƼȴغ򴲱߱׵
Ȼ˵һæʵôˣ
ҵĹģһ˿â飬εɫǸҹҴ⣬簵㣭ף´˷Ҫܵˣ
Ļһշ飬Ҳ˻ӡпڴһ̧ͷϵ˺ۣʵȥҷˣ
˵ͷɫ˿Сȴŷʱһ˿⡣ҡҡͷ΢ҲգҲǳһŭΪգ˵˼ɽڳ϶õӵܣ˵⵹಻ȫĻ£ԣɫһ
ڻָ侲Ҷ˶٣ʵʵϵȻ㱻ҩᱣң𣿡һԥ˵ͷ
շ飬ʣǣһĽΪλᱻ簵أѹǰԻҩҩҪô跨ܿЩ㣬Ҫô֪󽫼ƾͼƣΨһΣˣ
ĬҸɴֱ˵ʵǸֱԣʣյʧΪǰ𣿡
εĵ˵ͷҼ֮¿һѣҷ飬Լеĵ˶ǴϢʱ䣬ǣ಻ָ׵İɣңδӦúúñԼ
δƬ̵Ļ㱣Ҽɣǰ͵֮һС㳹׽ǣӽԺӦμԼĿ꣭Ȼʵ̫ӣһҪʵĻʵۣ
ԣڵĸм𺳣񡭡ҵһЦܿмۣν飬ӦڶԷʱ䰲ο𣿣ãרעңʵأԸʲôأ
΢ЦԶૣңҵԸССֻǼ򵥵ֵѡɾƺСԸȴƺǺʵ֡
ԳĬδٿѯʡ

ļգѰŻᰲ˹˽¼һ档
˹ȷʵľְִҵŮԵķ緶һ㿪żɽһ㱨Ĺչ·һﻨѴ˲˿֯ҵѳЧһ棬˹ڰʹ跨ͨɽ̳͹ٳڽҪΪṩ˵ұ˹۹⡢ƷԼΪͣȷ֪ĻϰīңȻΪ˹ȷʵô̵ʱձڰɽ򿪾棡˹Ľܣұ˹ϸܰɽĿǰ̽״֪ɽҪϲúͽɣ˵Ϣ֪ԴɿϢ㣬űЭ˹ڰɽվȽŸ
˼˷治ף˹˿δкѣʶ̶һʱ̸ķ˹ֱ֮ҼԺСͤӾúнӹһһں󣬱Ͻ㱨˹̸
һ֮ںľȫ̬ſʯϣƣ̾˵ʲôʱܹеѽȥЩеÿֻȥӣҺˡŽˣǸжѽ۾ҿҪҵͷȴ˻ȥ֣еۡԥ
ðκҼҪ˯ʱȴҵѻ֡ƽﰵһ˿ţɻʵţ
Ŀ¹ĺˮҵѹ㲻⼸ȥ
ҿ֪𣿡໥Ȼ㹻Σε޻̸ĵز
ȥһˣһóڰɽȪүҵļƻϵشҡûȫǴĿƺԺɬ
һһֱ忴ƽ
΢ĺˮᵴƽģѾƽ뿪˰ɽȪӦ㹻Աı죡
ԭ֪īңĵжЩҵĲΣȴԾɳεбīң뿪ɽ⣬Ϊīңļƻϵش󣬸Ϊңһ㣬ޱδָңҵ֮ȴɽӿͷΣڰɽΣվأΣղˣ˼ˣֿǸδ̹ԣҺܱǸ
ҡҡͷڿɬҲ㣬ףѡһΣԾɻұܡδ˵ȻΪīңİΣҶȻǻּĬûƭĻֻܳĬ
ҵĳĬӦЩʧģܿԼʱɫѻָƽ񣬴˷ФīңרΪðɽΪβ뿪أ㡢ܰģǰɣ
ĻҵͻȻһʹվͤߣͤãҵ̾ѽġ
ɵɣīңȴԸΪĸԸİԸΪԼ飡ѽҰīңһصȪǣȴֻѡڰɽ˭īңȪүΪӵܣĸѡֱӻӵӰˣɽǰ˭ӵ˽ӱܵȨ





ڶʮ˽  ɽʹ

Ḯ¼ռ䣬㼴˰ɽٳ˵̫ӳسΪһȪŮҹ˵úŮӾȻͬʱ̷̫ӳͽ׶ˣԣĳЩȻȻĴĳһЩԣȴʿĴ֮٣
˵ڴ˵ҥ˿壭⣬ȻɵԻԶֹߣ̶Ը˵ȼҪԱ֮ʩǣҪҥWhoWhoѽƣһЩʱҶÿѨķ紵ĸһЩ
δѨ֮磬ԷĴ֮Ѵӹٳε˻ʹһΣӹеķֵġȪˡ棬ּܲѩ빬֮£īңʹĴûӱܵȨôصСŮûĻѽ
ѩԾһר磬ѾͰŵĻᣬָʹһװ󣬱뿪̫ӱԷֱɽʹƬ֮󣬰ɽ֮ۼ˷ϼһɽĵһˣ
˫ȷʵ˫ѩģƣŮѩᣬȴ˳ŮĽģټͶ䲻¶ַ飬ֵ֮ޢ껪ѩ㲻ֹ˰ٱڷľò˿棬ҵĲмĮȫ֮УϾ̫ӱԷʹ·ϣұһֱڲβ˼ӦԵĴʩḻԤϵõէʱϾһ˿壿
OhMyGod֪Լ⸱ӣʶȪɫ˵ȿ׵ľȣõǧİɽķϣȻҲḡִ˵ȡ֪Ĺ飿㵽װҵĻӵʲôѽԶòûɶպǩ֤ʲôΣݵȴȻڰɽȪ֮䣬ʶ֮˽ΪĹ壬ǴĿɣһֱΪڵľҵ£ûϵԭǡûңֻиҡѽ
ֲʩչκӦԴʩϵľֻж̶һ˲˿˵ֻĮֻתͷѩ΢һ˿𱸣ѩȪص˶
ѩǵڷԣĿңЦʲô˶ĸǲԶˣ
ԣɫһŭѩôˣ㾹ĸȣ
Լٶѩŭѩ̲סͷʵĸտ鲻ã˵ѩΪ
ĵһۣתͷѩߵѩɵĺ£
Īĵ⣬ѩɻʵĸô£Īʶˣ
Ҳ䣿˿תͷݺݵĿңˣ˴
аٰɻֻܻرԷɵ׼ʱǷȴֵȵȣɻĿֻһ߰ĳ̧°ͣˣ
֪ҪΪңֻܹԹԵߵǰ¡Ƿ΢۾עңͻȻþݺݸһƣұȵͷĿѣֻһԵѩĸ
δѩֻĶҵ
ҧҧסᣬҸϽת뿪ſڣȴԼѩɱһϽ˶䡣
ѩһ˿ԥĸ׸
䣬ԥĴѩĻѩ㻹뱣ס㸸ʵĶ裬ĸĻɱŮˣ
˺ĻѾ㹻ľҪɱңҪɱңôҳ̫ɱ֮ǰ·ѾɱңҪҴĸɽ׼ĸݾ֣ԽԽǾ̣İİɽʹֲԣڵҵ׸ôѽ
ųһ亹֮ǿԼ侲ǰɽʹʱڹУôӦ跨ѷѾ̫࣬Ӧ跨ҵ˼ҸϽԴ·ѾͰ͵ĵ㣬ңЩڼ
Ѿüüۼ̣ᷳ˹Ը취
װʮżģֺõ㣬һҲȲˣкðɣ
ѾΣҿ˿ָǰһعľӻֲ͵ȥȥȥ淳ˣ˸Ͻ
һлһСų˹ľԡһùľԣèСĵǰУֺСĵǰߡ֪äĿܾߣڵֻܳź󹬵ķܣԶԶһƼݶһԡҿȪʹһʱ䣬ʹĲн֮Ȼˣֺͺ֮·Ծɳʧ˷򡣼ǰһ÷֣δ˼ҸϽ÷֣Σ֮ҪòЩһ÷ǿԼ侲ȴôҲһ˿ͷż䣬ȴͻȻʣڴˣ
Ȼѱŵ˫ȷתͷһͷһŭӣӵŭһͷ֮ʱȻת䣬Ȼ֪Ǹǻ˿ľϲڰɽʹĸס˵һλ֪˼ɫǰɽרõɫͷϵںŵĽԵʾĵλԷתҼȥŮߵϣ
ɽʵ۲δԼݣ΢΢һ˿ĳɣȴѴһͣ񣿡ҵ֣ҵݣѩȪصŮӾȻ㣿ֶ˶٣ǰɽʵȴͻȻЦѾͷ̧ͷ޺ú㣡
ּ̧ͷϵǰɽʵʢϲɽʵ۽עҵѯʵĵһ仰ҾѾͷʧȥ䣿Ȼڰɽʵ۶ҵ˽⣬ҵͷӦ֮󣬸ǶԼҪС
ɽʵ۵˵ͷԹԵСȪˮʧȥʱ䣬ȴԵ࿴СүСϵǳ֮ѩһģһţȻЩ˼飬ѩŮֻ˭أ
ȳԣҲǰλɽʵҵġĸסѩŮʿǺιϵ٣⴫Ĳ£λʵ˲ҵݣ֪ҵȻ߷һָƣһ㣬ɽڳ۴ͬĹ۸Ǵྶͥ
ڵľȣʵ۴˶ЦѾͷ
ҳɲǰʵ۴˺ŭЦѾͷר÷֣Ŀ˫գѩ˫־־ɣţ˫֮Ȼ֪ãȻƳ跨ӿֻʹ֮Уӵù˫ģ뿴ԣʹ֮ģһкˣ
ʵ϶ĻûʹƵסΨĪƺҲ޵⣭Ҫǣʵ϶Υ֮ٴθһҸʵ뿪





ڶʮŽ  ʵ۵˼

Űɽʵһ·ǰߣŷ֣ŵһ÷־Ȼֻɽʵ۶ˣ˴ȷʵ˵ϵרĽѽ
徲÷֮Уɽʵһּ䴩УһȴƵƵͷңɫʱɻʱϲʱȴּһŭˡ֪ǰλɽʵҵĸ׺ѩŮʿȻЩϸ𣬶ӰɽʵҵķӦѾܹճһĽĴˡȻ֪Ҵ˷ⴳ÷ϰɽʵ۾ǸǻΣɽʵ۵ıӻҵСʱӦܱסˣ
һ߳÷԰ţһȺʹغ⡣˼ʵȻƺΪ죬λ곤̴ϸھ֮ɫһ߸ģ΢üͷǰһδ˵ĲĿʵ۴˴ʱȻתͷЦŷԸ磬ڼ˼ո󣡡Żʵ۴˵һ£ƺƵĶ鼴תһľСԺ˼ո
ɽʵ۽˼ոʹǽ׼ã㽫е̴ӽԸϳλģεĸ߸౻Ҫ⣡׻ʵ۴˴˿̶ȻЩҡĸס˽ﷴ˿ҲˣǣλɽʵۼȻ£Ȼ֪ⷽʧݣȻʧ䣬ôйһȻ𰸣
ɵɽʵ۷ʣȴֻҵֹӣȻ֪ʵֻǽƵ˼һˣԾɱרע﷢ëԼһĹڽеͶȷʣϣŮкּ⣿
˴˼ɽʵЩõü૵վѩѽѩȻǡѩԽѩƺҲӲʣĳҵȻٰĲԸǡһ족ѩֶҶ߱ĴＸغҶ˼رĸ飬ټռšѩŮ壬Щʱ潫Լĸˡ
Ѿͷ˼ʱѩƣɽʵ۵޵ĻĿƬ̲뿪ҵӡ
ѩɻѯʣȴ˿δָλݷĻʵۻš
ȻɽʵֻһЦ㿪ʼƽĽҵƽ㣬ȪүĶŮǹϵǳǰĺԷˮʧȥʱ䣬ͬʱǴ䡣˵ˣλ֪Ļʵƺ˿һͣٲż˺㲻֪ι뿪Եɺ֮°һ¥㷭Ȫ̫ӼλүʶãȴΪżѩɽһɽ㱻ֱ뷲ıԷΪ³裡
ɽʵͣЦѾͷҶ˽㹻
ҵ˵ͷ𣺡ʵϣҶԼ˽⻹ḻ˵ֻǵԼʮԺ飡
ɽʵǸһ˿Ц⣬⿴ҵѾͷѳȥ飬ȪүֽԺĶ࣬ǱɣѾͷѹĸкѩڰɽȻ֮ʱȪҺļ޸һȪˣʼնǰɽ񣡡
һٸԼУɽʵⷬ׻̫ҵϣҲɾȵĽг
ɽʵ΢Цҡͷѩģʮʮƣȴ졣̾˿ʵ۵۾ҵ˼ȴƮ˴ǰ
һġ塢ߡˡšʮŰپʮšһǧ塢ġһ磬ָѾһһǧȻٴһǧһɽʵ۵˼ôûƮѽʵ޿̣һλƵƵĻʵʵϣϡ
šɽʵ۵ͷǺһ̧ͷҼԣѾͷȻȪȪʵһɽѪɽļ磡Ѿͷ֮Իɽʹ֮УӦڤڤ֮ѩָɣѩϣҶЩ
лϣŮʵۿȥʮֵϼ޻ֱĲǲΪҪܾ䡰⡱ȴ֮ű˽Իʵ۴ϣѩ
էŷ֣ҽŵûһǻʵۿһۣЩʧüתͷ
̬򷽵߽ݣһѩǵкʵۺüңҺĸʹѰ㣬㵹ãܵˣ
İɽʵϹ²ؼĵȻЦ⣬ѩưңֻܸϽŮС·˻ϣ͹ģϡ͹ˡ
ѩңȴĻֱʵ۵ϣѾͷǳٽģŻϱǳ檵ĪҪҪ㷣檰ɣѾͷǲŻݣɺã
ʵԾһƽЦ⣬ԷĻÿɷ񣬷ָҵ˫Ѿͷǹǹѽϸƣм죿
רעĿңڲסĶŭ˺üȵףôһƵм졭
ʵ۵ͷѩһģһ
ѩ൱ĵ粵ʣѩ񳤵ѩȻδע⵽Ƿǰɽʵ۶ӲѩԣУѩһ˵רν
񡱶֣ʵٿȻɫŭѩס죡
ԼѩСһαʵֻľίתۼˮһȻģʵۼ״תѩһ̵ֱ㣬˹֮Ϊһ֮ɿڱտڡ񡯡񡯵أ
ʵȰѩɫƽȴʽ̵ǣѩ֪ˡѩֻǾԼ⡭Ѿͷģȫưˣһ˵꣬ѩĵĵһۣǰͷˡ
ʱĵĲ廰ѩ㸸ʿġѩָ㣡תͷʵۣѩȷмƣϾǺѩѽϣŮ̫ӵĳ輧̫ӰڹıԷ̫Ϊ򶷣ʱδü֪̫ͨӡΪЩ̫ӵĲǣ
ԣʵ۲ҡҡ֣˿ҵӣѾöûˣٶƼ۰ɣʲôʵתͷԷ˵˫ѩ°ɣ˳޸ţ˵ѾͷЩʱ޻˻
ķȭɣɫȻģöϸ֮ȴм΢΢ĲôҲϰɣ檡мѩ
ŻѩѩĽеΪҧгݣ˿ȵĳ֮Ϊѩ㡱λǼװѽֻϧͲδĽʵۺԥľܾˣѾͷһ
ۼ˱ѩƺҪȴһסӲקѩ󣬷㼴ǣϣˣ
ֱ뿪Ͻҷĵĺһ˿Լı鱻ʼעҵİɽʵ۾۵ס





ʮ  ²̣ϣ

ƼȫĽţɽʵ۵΢΢¶źʧҸ̾㻹ų˲١΢ͣ٣ʵ۵Ŀ㼴ָߺޣ⣬ϻǸų˵ѪҺ
յľҰɸ֣ȻǼδеŭҲþɥҲǺѩм¸ҺθɣҺԼȽϣδӦʵ۵Ļתղ˵ûҲǺѩңѾʧȥ˼䣬ȫǵԼ׾˭Լ˭಻֪УȻЩᷳʵһٽѩǣһ⣬ֻˮԽԽҡ
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Żʵ۵ԣҵɫȫܿƵıΪɲףܾĻ㼴ѿڶҲʲô̫Ҳ뵱ʲôʺ󣡡
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մӻʹص̫ӱԷֻʱʧȴڣԶԶңɫһ˿ڴߣ۾žµľһιôԶ˵ǣңǵñ־ദ
΢¶һ˿ɫȴмܳϽΨΨŵŵȻǣҲġ
ҾòΪȥ鶼ȥˣһԺʱԶЩǣʲô¶ѽԿ˺Ұɣôȥο˵ռ˱˵ļһε̾ϢһҼ²Ƕ֮ʱ໥ΣͬЭѹأԣǰҲ¡˵ЩʲôȴֻǱŤĳҵ˵ͷ
ԵĿʾǰɫл˵⼸շ࣬ҲӦûͨһϢ˺һҽչоŸ֪㼴˼ٹ˲ñŤˡ
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ķƣĿҪ˯ʱȴ̾δΣԼֻԸ˰ɣ
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ֱ֧ۣЦùȻҪ㰵аԱɿ÷ҰߵļϸǺǣ󻧱زôҾѣ಻ôѣ
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ڴ˼Ȼϣ˿ӣ˲ϾˣƽָָʯʣҡҡͷЦ㾡ɷģ֪ܿĺԺпһ٣ƫͷſɬЦûϵõĴҽȪʹŵһԱֻǣΪû㸰磿һĴȷʵǲϹãﲻͬȪһҽѧҵĹӣ½ҪͽĴҽ
ҡҡͷſ˷УҵݽΪͨдĿֻΪȡ磡һ٣￴һۣȴֲһѲҲ㣡
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ſĻҵȦˣȴֻһһˣѽҲ֮£Ҫ֮ˣӵȨ
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˵ǫͣͷһųݻûɵİࡣ뻳֮ٲǿᣬˮǰʪ

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ٴεԷΪҿ֮ҽŽīң뿪ֺתңֹȴҡͷӹţĬת뿪ҵѣȻ֪ҵһ㶨ܲ²Ҵ˿̵ľɼҲȰѽ
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ҸոտʼϰīңīңȴͻȻǰȪʹ뿪ֵ֮īңٴγ̫ӱԷԺ֮Уīңıңʵ㲢뿪ңֻȲдǷţ԰ɣ㣬׿ڸ˵ǷŲģ𣿡
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״ΰ̤빬׵ĽŷֹѾ̴٣סԱΪ׾е徲ϡûһζĸۡȻױ˷ϸ˵סСԺԼǹΨһõôζˣҵѾ䣬ҽйӣܷܱңȻΪҵĵ˰ţԴɽǷ׵ƺԽԽֻ࣬ǣΪλ˿ûСծ಻ɸѽ
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ȷԣֻ˰µʱ䣬ȫܣ
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ǳԼ˸ոǿľ˾ˣ˺һֱײţֱ۵˯ţҲŵԸ˵ϼ仰
ñط꣬ұ׵Ľȴǿ˿ڣֻתʵףЩɽȪϵΣȻֻǸССƽʵ֪ڰɽȪѺùϵ˷ѯʣ޷װˡ
׾ֺһ裬ŻǰɽȪԵƽȪнɵЭȫϣ˺Խ֮ڡԴӵϼλɽȪǩ˰Э֮Ļʵ۶ڻͨ飬ǶȪλүͽ
Ȫүۣҵֲһֻܹ򶨵ҶƽǱá
׿һۣκǵĵȪүǻãֻȪĻϺ̫ȴЩżˣȪǼλүѹ˻֮䣬ȴδȢס
Ÿ˾δȢף⣬ǳҵˡһʱٸнƬ˵ֻƬֻתͷĿ̾ϢֻĬĬĿңδҵ˼ãۣʵأף
һأֵƿۣ





ʮһ  ˰ˣ

峿׽Ҵɽʹֱȥڲ֮ϵ̫ϻʡ
̫ϻԾסڴǰסԺ˼ո󣬶վػԾĹĳ磬ֻǣ̫ϻѲ꾫ǿɵģֻͬͨ˰ڻĴϣģ
ǲ˵̫ϻ΢΢һңϲҪ״񣬸Ͻ첽ǰס̫ϻʣסб
ԣ̫ϻȴЦˣЦ֮ЩĵѾͷ㻹֪ĻǷˣ
ҵͷҪػһԵȴҵ½Сʵүүǻʵ𣿡Ļ̫ϻʵӣôһ̫ϻʱ㼴ôסˡ
΢ЦŶүүǰǻʵۣ̫ϻʡţ̫ϻүүһүүɣСԴȻ㲻̫ϻΪαԼүүȴǸϽĽүү
㶵ĿðΣ̫ϻʲŲʵӣͷǡ
̫ϻʣǡ꼸ˣ͸¶ˡĵ⣬үүѾˣ
ԣ̫ϻȫøһңһֿ촽ż˵һ仰ǰס̫ϻʵ֣ǵüͷүүţүүһ£үүĲȫˡ
ǰ֮ʱҺСգȻôĲͿˣ̫ϻȻ«ӣ̫ϻʸǼһ仰˵۵ĵʣүүΪʲôһֱڶأ𣿡
̫ϻһֻסС֣һָֻСӣҡҡͷүүүүȻû¶ˣүүүүֻǿҵС̫ˣ̫Ӵתͷң̫ϻʵ⣬Ѿͷѽ˺̫ϻϸѯʽ״ԼԸϲõȵȡ
Һ̫ϻ˵ȴͻȻ𼱴ٵĽŲתͷһ˫öһۼ
һڣڵľϲ񣬹ˣ
δҸȴ˿֣ЦЦλִȤϣˣʵûлЦЦȴЦһԵǸšǺǡֱֱ֣ʱע⵽Сһͷʵף˭ҵĺӣĺ졣
Ȼ죬ͺԼò𣿣̫ϻʶһЦ̫ϻʵѾͷĶӡ
ԣ㵵ıͬһֻ̫ϻʣֿףȻָͰ͵ĵĶӣǰɡ
һδüڣĳ嵽ǰ׵Ķӣ
һȵĿδڻش𣬱ߵǰ£ˣ
Ծһͷˮġš˺üźȻӦϽǰָСʵӣ桢ˣ
ΪԲͣСһٱеĳоһСݸСĹĵĵ֣ԼģԸưɣ
ӹСʯ״̬񣬿𱸵ĻһڣһԵ̫ϻʺױһͬǻڶ˺ö࿿ɽֻ͵͵ˡ
̫ϻʾò̫ټϳ̫һСļѺķ˵һСƣ˯ˡ̫ϻ˯֮һ˱뿪˼ո԰ɢ
һ԰ױ뿪Һ˶ɽʹ԰иֲָǡֵٻʢļڣڻ԰˷ֺĶֺõֻܸݵơ
԰ת˺ôһȦ۵˯ˣ˯԰ڵСͤ£˵Ļᡣҵ۹ⶼóˮҡһֱΪҩ˵ʱϰ˵ҡǡޡ
ͷСҺЦҩѽˡҲҺˣ򣬾ͼҵСඡ
Щˣҡû뵽û뵽ԼȻиôɰĶӡ
ƳһۣȡЦ֪ϴѶŮ˫ȫжŮĸϰ߲ǡڵĻʺңȻΪ£ҽµĺ£ݴλʺʮ£ɪгѵһһŮ
ӵֶһ٣βŻЦѽжŮˣȴڽղŸܵΪĸΪһѽ΢΢һ㶣ֻΪĺӣеλñ׿Ȼ̧ͬۿͻȻǰϻʵ۵Ļ
ԾɵͷרעĿʵҿԱ𣿡
ҵͷὫ˯ǴδСսӹʱôڷ಻֪Цָ֮һֱ§ĿתĶ˯ݣȰӣãɰСӡһǡ
֪ιʣǰһĻͻȻۿЩ΢ȣϽͷᣬȴ಻ƽȵĵлл㣡

ֵʱգϲı׽䣬пգϣǺģĳղӲᷳԴͯ飬׵ʱųůЦݡ
˾׵ĸǢʵϰֵĹϵҪһЩٰ֮㷨ֺһЩϵ֪ףҲǿڽֻСʱٿڲ٣Ǻζɽڼ䣬δƺһεԴˣȻЩССʧȴ¶Ҫ׵ӡ

ڼİ֮󣬱̫ҽ϶ʮյ̫ϻʾȻ漣˻Ȼ棬ʵһҲϡ棬Ҫ֪֮ǰźѩȥ̫ϻе׳־ྡȴ˺֧ȥΨһҸ𣬿ԴұˤϺûлȥĶԣĿնϿʵ壬ľȻûˣȻԶ˵ǣ̫ϻʾֻһ֮ңʱˣΪ̫ϻɣҩһˣĲȻȬ
̫ϻĿǰȻѾΣڣܵ˵ƫлҪҴ˺ִֻ˴Լʮգ뿪֮֡ǰ̫ϻټҪԹԵĵ壭ǺǣȻźѩ֮Ůͷ֮ĸ˫ݣȻСһĽ̫ϻʣֻ̾Ϣˣ
ʵڴҶĳŵĴڶǸϲΪ͵ϧദĵʱ⣬ȴδǿڰɽԣÿִһʱʱȻûоܾ⣬ȨΪһ׵ĸɣ

Щ飬ôҴææģǼ°ɣпٸİɡ





ʮ  ˰ˣ

뿪ֵǰһգͻȻҵ⼸·أʵ̫ʱ˼Լ˽£ȴʼֳĸоֱ˷ص֣Ҳžͬ룬ӦҲͬ뷨ɣʱգҲϿɵɫԶ㿪⼸꣬Ҳû㣬أ˷ѡص֣˵δеˡе£ȻˣΪλҪԼΪβȪ壬ϵϵģվҪԼȥ⿪ѽ
ͬԣ廹ϵˣֻǣصȪҾܽ⿪ˡԼĽ𣿶֮ãҾԶĶϾϵֻǣֻҪһʱ䣬ԼƽϢͷеԼܹȻԹȥǣȻҲûа쵽뵽ȥ飬ҵĻǻʹǻᶯ룬˷̫ϻʲأҿ಻ذɣ
ֻǣӱȻȻôҺβأ˷ֱһõĿʼ׵ϣѾųĵЦͻȻ䣬ҵԺ׵һ仰Ȼܻ֣ΪԲȪ
ѵѵҵӱܣֻ򲻸𣿰ΣųѾ㹻ңĲӱˣ

Ѿؽһˣڴ֮ǰר̴ȥһȪϺһȷհһµŸɳ̺ϺԶ·滺ԼŵǣֵϺϺ·䲻νԶһ·ˣУһ֮󣬽ڻǵǰ
˵ʵʱеԶʤ֮ʱ⣬ΪҽȪԼĹӣֻΪ˽ԼǱһ棬ǰҷܹӵ̹Ȼ
Σһ꣬ٶȻص˽ǣڱ仯ȻСȴȻվ˷ѽǰңȻûѪˣȴӵа¡ֿѺҵſĵЦݣг˶δڵأİºֿ꣬ǰҵȫãΨһӵеģнǣŵİӣԼ벻һ磭ң˵İɣ⼸ʼԣʶ˿վڽڵȻãȻȴޱȵļᶨ
ϣĺҷӵ˼վʲôǽסĶ𣿡
һعͷЦղûиܣȪĹǰסóʱءţһЩѣǲȥǣòã
ͷұɺӵķȥڱ仯СɺһĲֱ仯Ĵ󣭣뵱꣬ɺһȫȪв׼סլأȴȫΪҵضΡŴǰɺӵľַѱʽֵҵɫȻ״ϽΧ̵ϰѯʣȴʧ顣
ѯʲСµĿǰľӴֻٵ粺¥ȥã粺¥ԭұﲻȻվǰӭ͹Ѳ֪˼˷ܵǰʵ粺ڵ𣿡
ӭ͹Ŀֵ̣ƳһۣЦ粺¥ںüֵ꣬粺Ĵæޣڲڵء粺¥ԱĿǰɰ׹¸ҵǿ԰
˺üӣֱԵ緢һЦҲڷӦӭ͹ǵ粺¥ӦƸԱˣǱ¥˵ҿߵһƱ˹ȥɿӭ͹粺¥ԼˣһĿšķϣֻһЦĽ͵ˣ粺ѣԶרġ
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ҵĻӭ͹һ˫½ҴһٶȽЦǺǣԲסѽҿɰﲻæˡ粺ƻҪϼղܻأưɡ˵ţǰ˸ͣӭ͹ҵͷЦЦȥкˡ
ӭ͹ȴḡ̬Ȳȴֲʧ񣬿粺⼸Աѡѵ˷ģܹҷֵ꣬粺¥⼸ǷˮѽֻǶȻ粺
ûҵɺڽãδܼ粺죬ЩʧδȥȪλү׼꿵Ĺϵȥ»֮ܰôҸȥأ뿪粺¥ҴڴĿĵⲽһƬã
ڽϺҵĹţ·ԵС̣ಢߴҡţŽֱС̣ҵͻȻһͷ¼ͣĿȷҵһӰչһЦһ̤ϳ¼͹۹֮·
֮ϣӳȥоﲻѣֻʱ䣬¼֮伸ȫСʱҵ·;ΧũĵѲȡ֮ọ̈̄ǣ;бѷչ֮ãô¼أǷǰ滮չ¼͵Ƿܴأ
еڼֵĳ¼ҵʱʱ⣬еĵڿһı̼ҸЦ˲һɨ⡣˵ʵ¼ͺլǰ̵ĸֱ֮滮øãó˹ԼīңԴһ򣡰Σĳ¼ͣҵȷȷʵʵһοԺ
в뱻ϳ΢΢ӹ˱̡ۼɵĶʵС̣׸Ҫס
ƤĿһۣȻװĶ̣һסͨ뱻ϳ±ϳ˵ڴ˵ʶ֮ˣ
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ĵ˵ͷѰһЩˣֲѰһЩˣѰûҵȴ±Ѱ˸ҵˡѾͷﱾǸõĹǰЩ䱻үѹ˸ԣڵָ˿ʵıԣ˿һ˵ƿֻεҡͷ̾Ϣ
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ʮ  ˰ˣģ

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ù۲˵ϲòʵƽ飬СǸѽÿɰ̲סЦŴȤӴֻһ׷ţǿɵøϽȥƣ򱻱˶߱ϧˡ֪ƢԣһЦ˳Сϱһ죬˼ڨЦŴǰԺջ
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ҽҪ˵ĻīңͻȻǰסңҶ󣺡𿪿ڣ񣬱𿪿˵ܾĻ˵Ҫ뿪Ļ㣬һλᣬչһӵĻᣬЯֵϣײ롭ᣬ𣿡
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ʮĽ  ˰ˣ壩

ãīңһתĻĶͷҵĶͷҶߵϸ˼ֱɫЩƣˣīңҸ뿪뿪֮ǰīң̲סҵӡһǡ
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͵װδ˯ѡЦͱƭˣˣɣţīңһˣջҪȥأ
īң֣ڵ𴲣ԼѻصȪ
һԺңתͷһԵЦС̣˵ֻҪһīң壬ױąŶ
֪ԼŪȴû磬ֻܺ_һۡ˺һ˼룬һҵϴֱ߳ԷŷīңԭѴҡ
ѽīңһȡ
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֪ڰȻҵȻǳȣҾȵǣ˺󾹻һŸԱԭһֱΪԼֻǶԶ徲꣬ȴδϵȻô米бңһ棬ие˹ĵůһ棬ʶԼԺ͹ִܶ˲ٵ鷳
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˺īңһֱСĿңƺŭҿв̣̾Ϣһ˼֣īңֺο࡭
īңҡҡͷֵչǿ࣡Ψһźǣ⼸һֱĳЩ飬ػ㡣
ԣȻٴηڲѣֻܵͷװͣδٽӻīңڲԶġ
͹īңֵ񣬵ңþȥɺãɶ㡣ҵıټ˼ɶͷӦ˵ҪˣȻʮֿġ
Ⱥ򣬶ݳ֮ˣ塣ټң۾һ졣кϵ׼Ĳ͵㡢СȻдࡣ
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