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ģҵı㣬͵Ĺ죬ȻѾʮţȴǲԸ߽ΧǡݣʮţȻʮ꣬Ǹȴ˿ɱȡ
СǣΪʲôȥŸ߸ЬӲڵذеŵĶһֻ߽ṳ̋˻濨ʯɫĨѨζĽɫ߸ЬӣĴ˵ˡ
ҲöĴʻȥΪоκһ϶ΪʧȴҲ޷ݣֻ˵
ҪڹŴһǵ¥ͷƵϡЦӣĶһһΪȻЦ߽űԱߵϣϰ뿿סӣ۾èһĴһ۵ƻ˸ĹݳǣͻȻתüͷݹһֻɫĺӣ
ʲôҽӹĵݹĺɫУһȴϵŵںࡣ
һһ롣˳ָһϵɧҵĲӣȻֽһԼĲϡ
Ļʱ˵ǺﴫģԭһģҲԷֳ顣ĽԼѨǰõָָѨǰ
ģ죬Ȼ֪ǮԵЩ⡣
ǰңƴһʱ棬ҽӹеİƴһ˻ͳҵǰĿһ覴ã
Ҹ̾ʱȻ糺Ĺâзյֵ̧ͨסֱеĹ⣬ֽס塣
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ʢĹΧҺݣһǿͻȻҺмĵĴƴһѿҺıߡ
ȵľŰҵ˼άȫռݣǰ֧ͣĻ棬ԴԽԽأԽԽģǰһжںڰ
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⼸ǿЦãһ񣬾ôͻԵĽҴһ2000سһΪҵϣײһݵСӶɶ˷
ĺѨڵҴӴӣҪúõô졣
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ŬԼеȻ㣬ﻹǵһļƤ
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㡭ѽҲˡ˿ˣرСŮӣһͻûûˡ
ԭʿͬϸһסأϸؾ׽ѾѾһˣǧ򳤺µҸѾ׽䶥ҪҳΪˣ׵ŽһҪҵͶüұףˮδĻ䱾ˣȴ϶ͻȻֿ֦
֦תת飬ڵʱŵ֦ѹ˰ɡ
˷ǣԭǻأҲѰ˱ףҵĹˡҪҰлҸϽסĸ첲
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ݽ㡣ϽĶҵһͷеһ̾ĸˮһҪǷִǻЩʲôɽöȥˣ
ҵĶ̧̧֣ȡʩˮ
ݽ㣬ЩϸǸ߼֮̫ˡЩ̾վӣϽĵסҵ֡
ⲻ󡭡ҿ˿ӣͲû˵Ǵ۵ʱˣתһҲԣǧǰˮⶫûеģϡ䱦ˡ
Ȼһ㣬ôȵǵĽǧҪƴˡһܺӣȴͣԼαΪ˰סôиŵĵ㣬ֻװһӡ
һִݽ㣬ȣ˹֮治֪Ա𡣡ɱųȴЦ˻
ˣ˯ˣȥһ뵽2000ǰǸѽȫҶǻŵȲһ¡
㻻ЩɣŪЩԵĸ㣬ȻһšùһɧҰɫĴֲ·ңתš
뿪վӿ˿ϵ·Һɫг洿޳TɫСſ㣬߰һ˫ɫɫƽװЬϲĴ磬򵥵ֲᡣ
סҸ̾һ䣬µ·ʼɧһӾͿ˲Ϲŵİ
㣿ͻȻͬĵһĻƴһʹҵǾ˵ֻҪҵһƴһҾܻȥˣ
ݽ㣬ɻװҹ˲ö룬Ͻѷﴩһ˫Ьš
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ĪҪļϸĵңݸһֻʢ룬һߵͷлһ߽ӹһڣʵʳζĺܲȴǴûԹôζĶһͽмʳɡ
ӿɺˡԺͻȻƿһ춫תͷȥͿһǷȵĿңʮͣüüޣĿֱͦı΢ǳĴһߣ̾һ͵ζ˧磡

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ӿɺˡ֮ǰʻٶҲſǸ˧վһ꣬Ҳ֮ǰһмǸ꣬ı硣
硣Ǹڵ΢Цŵ˵ͷ
ݽ㣬Ҽұ硣΢Цҽܣĵ˵ͷ磬ݽ㡣ҡ
ͯлݹǸԳͯ깰ҲŻعϽİҲ˹֡
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ͻȻʲôƵģתͷ˿ԺڳߵıӰЦԭǼŶ
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ĸĸҵͷͺһƬתͣתЦ

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ЦЦֳԱߵ·ȥǻЩЦᡣʵҲЦ죬ֻЦôƤߵŮӱҪ֪ʶһƱöĸǿ˧翴ܰܵǿŮһȻɡɬݴѾȫŮʧˣ¿˸ƤŮԵıˡ
˿ΧȫǸ߸ߵ͵͵ĲݶѣסԺǽЩʧʲôĵط
ǻׯӣׯӣӵľǻҲŻسǣÿʮ嶼мᣬֵʱ򡣡
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Ȼ⣬´ұͬһȥߡ
ׯһСʱҲͰׯȦˣ˵ǸСӣסʮũС·ȥ·߶ű˻ҪߵۣµĲȫȳģڹϵĸоһɫĲЬմ˲ٵĻҳҲûʲôתȥˣͽڿڿʻҡ
صҵʱǸѾ뿪ˣͯһԺ˵ŻӦþҵĳҲ֪ͯĸףﶼ
ʱ⻧ũסÿͯһڼҾÿ춫ᱧһֻһͭ죬ִĸʲôĿӾ˾ûʸУǾԽԽãˣҿʼֻ˻KFCȡ
תۣѾסʮˣ˷ܡ浽ʧҽĿʼеʧ䣬Ҳ֪ԼҪô죬ҿʼоһְ裬ͬѧȻģģҪôܻȥһһ죬ҵɻ˼ԽԽࡣ
˫һ·Ժ·¶һЦ⣬ݽ㣬·ϰɣҪȥӱϴ·ˡ
ұĻ˼ֵһЦӭл
ӹϵҿ˿ˣͻȻһ뷨ܷŪװ
װüңҿ϶ĵͷʵйʷһַװرǺŮװţ࣬طۣҲΪˣװϰô㣬رǶֺöġҿͯ·ȻҲдʽģʱ붼ǴСڵ֣ŮװҪűˡ

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Һ˵˵Цתӣȥҡ
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˿ˡŬ̧߲ӣԽǰ˵ͷѾ˺ϺĴˣҸ߸ߵ̧ͷŽż⿴룬ֻһȺƺѨѨĴԶʻɫĴ죬ʮ׸ߵĴĲ¥ߵĴΦҲԼǸӣô2010ҲϴļЩ棬ĴӣһǲԵŴ졣
˿ȡ֮ҲһҵľұŴ죬ĿתԱ߾ͿһǷĲҼǵϴͬͯһǸ꣬ʱ̧ѨԶĺ档ȻǶҶֻһеĲмҸоЦҸղŵľ֪ĿԵЩѻ
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Ҽ˷ܣۿܼǰʱͻȻ֪һһƣҽһգоһͷԽ˽µĺˮ
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ġѽءһЦһ߿ʼᣬץһɳӾɢĵϣȥˡʲôطءҵıϵˮȫմĵϣҲһ߿һЦıҲţ߰˵š
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㣿ͻȻʲôһҵ˵Ҳ̧۾һۡ
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ҵ۵ĵģݽ㣬Һҡ
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վӣǿתתӣǵģԼ⣬ڶûˡڲǺܺ𣿡
ҵǰлллȡҲֻõͷߡ
ؿ국ЦŻĻƹһǰվҽӵֻĳҪλһ䣬ɷͷɶϣѪ־裡
㡭ԭǵĸл˵仰֮һӱ͵̧ͷ۾ĥ֨֨졣
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ͬҶʿСʶ΢˵š
ŶǾ˵𿩡ΪȻţ˵ȫʱӺһը

ھ ȥʼ(1)[]

ҵɴ۾̧ץסĸ첲㡭˵˵С𣿡
šüңĵͷ
ҾȻ𣡡ҴЦһ£öͬɴ۾ģҸϽԼ졣
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ˣҸ㲹ΰɣԪǰ200سȻ󺺳Ŀʵۺ潨ƴ󺺣ؾһĻʺ
ǿʵۣľķʣɣ֪һҪǩˡ
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и⣬ǵ˼˼𡢱ղſԿʼʵģˣǿϧ췭һۣȻ¶һЦĵҪҪȥʼٻȥ

ʮ ȥʼ(2)[ÿ]

goodideaҲģسôҲҪʼʳʲôɣȻ´οûˡһ𣬻ȥҲ¡Ҳһļϡ
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᲻ãֻǻؼңǺǡ˵ԺлټءҸϽοȻ˵Ժټҵдʡ

ʮһ ȥʼ(3)[ÿ]

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ʮ ȥʼ(4)[ÿ]

𿴵ô𡣡ĴųЦҡ
һعͷһۣûɫס
λˡ˵һʱ򣬾ݵϰ岻ʱһСܹŵϣҵߵĻҲһӱ˻ȥŪҶʱһߣȴѹЦĲ
ЦɡЦ㡣ҷһۣݺݵһһڣ۾⡣
һҪİڰһӾͣȥҿղվǸϰԱߵĴ󺺣һĺڲŵĶǰѸٵӺڲ¶Ķһҫ۵Ĺ⣬Ȼһλεĵ
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ͷǿɷˣǴ󻧸ԣ˼ҡһһù˵İһߴЦš
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ҸƴˡҿڲԵĴһȻԱߵĵӾͳЩ˹ȥҲϽվϵĲЩ˶ȥ

ʮ [ÿ]

ô죿Һ໥ĿԷһۣͬ˵Ȼֶһεı
ȰǱ߼ٰ׽ȥҪ֪ӵͷĴֺܻĺţԱߵһ˾;𵶳˹ȥˣҲ׹Щ˲ٲƣҪ
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αǸղŲûְ㣬ʵ֪ˡֱڿģĿת⡣
ҲһӶû˺øУɫѸٵקϵİΪȻİĿתԱߣû˵øôñӣղžûǣҲµģǻҪлء
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ңҲ̫׵ظһ䣬ͻȻյرʱ˾䡰̡һ뵽Ҳľˣ

ʮ (2)[]

ǺǡεֿɵЦš
ӣЩҪδáŲһЩԭǿĴֺȻѾڵˣҴ̾ۡţ
ȥؿһˣùٸɡ̸д˵һ䣬һų˲̡
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죬̫ϾҪʧߵɽͷʱҺվһָһ߸ߵĳǽ˵ǽмôʯ׭塰

ʮ (3)[]

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⼸϶Ҫ͵칬ĹŮ᷿ͽвɳʲôСͷһ׺Ըš

ʮ ı(1)[]

ŵСһܺЩŮһϸشҺĶǹū
졭һһǰ漸³ҺĶˣҪǱ˷ǣǲĺܲңһ뵽ղǸ˵ͷҾ򺮲ˡ
΢΢һ룬ѸٵĴӰŮװֿʼɢͷͷɧϡȻЩŮ棬ͷ취ߡ
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ʮ ı(4)[ÿ]

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˭ͻȻﴫһǳҺһӽϽԱߵļɽȥҲ˲ÿ·˳żɽԼпŵҲܲûб˿ֻ취Ͻ߳԰ӡ
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ڶʮ (1)

΢΢̧ͷ̲ԵıΰĽˣһŴٲ̨̿¼ϸ̨ܾϵľͷһʮ׿ƻ̻Իͣ߾һԱӵŹɢУܷ̣߸ߵ͵͵гֳһ޷ư磬һȥͷ·һƬĺ
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Цס·Ĺūһ˵һߵݹһСӡϵĹŮɫ·ָ֪ܷܲ·

ڶʮһ (2)[ÿ]

ūЩթ죬Ѹ׹ӹЦۣϸָ·Ŷ˵˵˳һֱߣ˹ǽĵطսȥƹˡϸļȥ·ǹūܹҵֶŹūָ·˸ɫ
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һͷף΢Ѻӵˣʱ۾ŵŵ۾¶ʹɫȴһģҺڴߵΪ޶ԣȻѾˣ

ڶʮ (3)[ÿ]

һͷף΢Ѻӵˣʱ۾ŵŵ۾¶ʹɫȴһģҺڴߵΪ޶ԣȻѾˣ
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Ǻǡԭһ֡˹ͬԸһЦ
ֻҪӡҪˡ

ڶʮ (4)[ÿ]

²١˹һ˵ţһ߿첽ĳ̴ľҺһ󲻸Һİͷڴ¡
˹ӮͷԱùһֻͷĺɫϻӴ򿪣óһīɫķͷԸ̯ĸȥ
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ɡľĿҵľٶ
һˣȥֵǮءѸٵĽװãȻܳš
˳Ƚ׿˿ղּǸūСӳߵĹǽȥǸϽŽŲȥ
ѾʱˣǸĹūһǰͣ·ͶŹ˻ػ٣ӷս١
ԭûʲôĵ˹⣬֪Ҫˡ
ս١Ŵ򿪣һɫ˯۵˳ȴǵͻȻִϡ
١̡Һİʯͷ̨µĻĻ˸ơ
㡭ǡ۾˿ǴڵϵĹū̧ͷŵĿǡ
üͷ˫ֲЦЦٺ١ּˡ
Ҫ㡣ūе򡭡ҲϽƤЦ̤ūߵǰһһ߿ٵ˵ϽӰɣԸߺ˹ˣһͻоˡ
żվֶüĿšĿǣ֪

ڶʮ ıʷ(1)[ÿ]

һʱҲ˵壬֮ҪܣȻСˡһ߽˵ţһ߿˿ѵŹ
ǺǡҪҵȴǵżת̨߽һЦš
㻹˼ЦʼѾˣ˼ٵҪλȥɱɼҾһĽȫ˵˳յԽԽֻһӶĿϵ͵ƣɫˡ
աζҲǰСĵļ
һҾܼϡɽҲ²ˡո̾תǡ
Ƭָֻ̣΢ЦлǸ֪ңֻҲӡ
ΪʲôҺͬ׷ʡ
ߵǰһȴŴҹգˣԸ߶ḲһҲ֮ҡж˲ʮܵпܻսһҪܿѽҹ紵İɫ˯ۣͻȻоǸˣֻϧ֮ңע˶
㡭ҺľȵĿȴֲ֪˵Щʲôֻż
ܲɡЩߵ˵
Ǻǡλξ㣬ܻһ̫ƽҲҲգտŴҹգ߸ߵ̧ͷ¶һЩ졣
졭ԶԶһ󶣶Һһۣ֪Ըߵˡ
չϴתӣѸٵĶǿһۣ첽ĳŵһ鰸Աȥ
⡭ҲĿŷգҸϷյĲӵ鰸Աߡ
հסµһһŤԭ鰸ŵǽھƿһССŶǽȥ˾һֱǰߣҪͷ
졭۾סЩӰֻڵֵġ
㲻ߣİüͷšĽĿŷա
ն¶һ΢Цҡҡͷ
㿴ͻȻָſڵķһУձܵĻͷһץסװİͺݺݵĴ˷յĲϡ
ձҴΣĺҸϽסӡ
ȽȥҷŰѻ𡣡ĺͷսǽҰѰϵ͵Աߵϣһɴϣһյͺȼ

ڶʮ ıʷ(2)[ÿ]

ĴѸٵְ˽ȥȻŤһźһŤǽűֹˡ
㡣ķյһֻ첲ҲϽһֻ첲̫ͨխ˲Ȼ࣬ҲǿС
ⶼЩʲôѽʷҪԸģڸıʷһߴһ߶˵
ѽܲôˣôȹǣͷ̫ˣǲܼȡ
Ҳˣľ͸İɡһ˻֣һ֡ƹˤĺ
ںںڵİ˰ʱңҺĸе߲ʱͱǰһ΢ĹϸһȻ̫һѴڶڵ˽
Ĳ˲ϵĺˮ˵¶һЦ˵ˡ
ţ˵ˡҺķŷߵڣοһͷվһɽµĸߴ¶ƬҲڲױ˿ɽµľͷһͻͻ£¾һɫĽˮڲԶһɽ崦ֳַͬķҪǷƽʱһҪúõĿõķ羰ȴû
ָָɽһƬֶĵǵǱߵɡ
áĵͷѷյĸ첲̧̧·ͺһСĵɽ¡
ˡǧ׶ѽĿһڴֵ£ҷӵԱߵ¿סϵĺڴк
ǧ״˿ȨҲû׷ɱɲһܵСѽҲڶ´ڴڵĺЦŻӦҵĻ
ô죿Ա±۾ķա
֪Ҳۿ˿գӵȰŪѰɡŴӵϵĻҳСϪ߹ȥһƬҶӰˮ׵յǰ
ķŷյͷҾСĵİһЩˮιȻָմˮϡ
Ȼպˮһü˶ͷ۾Ҳˡ
ˡĶҴɫ˵Цһ¡
⡭̧űҴĲӣšü
ҡҲСĴһ¡죬ָָҴĲӡ
ǰҴ˹չȻһӾ˹
ǳʱ򡭡˳˳ЦЦ

ڶʮ ıʷ3[ÿ]

ǡմ΢΢ҡͷ
Ǿ㣬㲻лǾͰˣֱʲô˼Щվͷŷա
ѽȲЩˡվסĵĸ첲תҲվķգҪô죿㲻ܻعˡ
񽫾Ωһ֮ˡ˵ţȻת㳯ߵ·ߣȴϽһ򣬱Ͻվ
ҸϽסĸ첲ˣҰȥҰɣǡ죬ȻЩԸ·ˣǻ
ǸӸ磬˶ܲˡĲΪȻ߶һ䣬ҷˬİۣʵﻹģԼʮȭ־Ҳǰģƽʱһֹȥĸ˲ҪɸڴϺߺߣջվѾˡ
鷳λˡղĵĻתǻһ΢Цʵǵҹ֮ǰѾųɽҳ±뿪
ԭ֪ˡҴϷյĻյĻһ԰׵Цݡ
ҵ嵽ϵϵСӦɽ
ҡĵ֣Ȼٵĳϱȥ
һ·ߣǺܺҵģԼһʱҾ͵˷˵С֡
ι𣿡ҴĽţ˳
˵ģûˡóյ߸ߵľ𣬲ͣתӣＱĻһ㡣
񡣡ͻȻһĽҵĲӣڴ󺰵˰УϸһȻ
ɽҵˡ˲ûҲϵĽ˷ܵĽ
йӵ壿ɫĿҡ
ϲˣҡ뵽ϴڲװҸϽİԼͷȫͷûϴҰ̡
㣿к£ϳҡ
չӳˣҪȥ˵
֪չӳˣ֡ৡһӽܻҵĲӡ
ѽһ˵壬һȥɣǡҲöֻͣǰʲôˡ
ƾ㡣ָŽҿ

ڶʮ Ը׷ɱ


㰮Ųţһ˻㣡Ҳĳ
һ룬ջָҵĽãһˣˣ
߰ɡ˲ʲôڣĸ첲ͳ·ߡ
ȵȡָŵһ̾ľֻһֻȫɫһߣֽңҲϽסֽ
ˡʹһǣͷɿ
ûһӾץסë
ûǷһЦ
ҷһ۲˲㻹ûԹKFCأһ
񲻽üظüȴҲָָͣǰ·˵󡭡
ȷ·ҪĶ࣬һʱŸϹ·ʱҺֻص֡
ӡӡδͣ£һԾڵϣǰԷǰոϽ
ض񡭡
ûƭɡߺߡСĵĴϵĻҳ˷顣
˿Һֿŷգӣ⡭
յһ΢Цģ˵λｫҴӹо˳
ӣҴǣֻҪ㵽˳⣬ٴɼҾɱȡԸߺ˹Ĺͷ
סĸ첲ֹ
㲻ỹɣѾŪˡǰڣȴδ˵ͻȻһƬҶ˲ȶŤͷһ֪ܲʱΧ˾װر׼ˡ
գοӵȥȺ˿һ㣬Ըһֻɫ˽ϵɫԶ
ԸСҧϵĽ
ɽֵ̧סɴһɲĵȻ飬ٲǰԸߣҵȥǣߡ
չӣΪūˡԸָһЦĵ⡣
ūžūţЦһū࣡ˣ˯𣿡Ҳ֪һߵԱ߶Ըߴ̵ЩȻŤͷңȻ¶һ΢Ц
Ը߱˵ʹָָܻңĳѾͷ

ڶʮ ˣ1

УǳѾͷҲܱǻļһãһӻˮ˫ּóܵƸ߸ߵ̧ͷԸߡ
㡭㡭α˵ߣԸЩڲˡ
㡭ߵǰһָֻͷȻָָҽµĵأݺݵĲϼţٰͷ߸ߵ̧öϷտҺЦӡ
ЦʲôûܣЩһ䣬΢ЦҡҡͷδŮӣǾôǻ
˵ϲ𣿡ҲԵľһЦѿڶ˵Ҿ޲ðԼϣҶ˵Щʲôʲôѽڿ
£Ըһ£ΧΧر̷ų
Сģҵĸ첲һֻҵҾĵɴ۾
ɽ뿪һýеǵļһߴĶ񺰵
ŵĩȫȫĻشţҺĻԼࡣ
ɱһ·ܳȥСĶ˵һ䣬Ҳҵĵ֡
ӳٱһɱȥһƬ֮󼸸ر͵ȥҺĵɴ۾صѪ磬һۿǰȥŵǱӶҪܡ
ߣǴһĲŻعŻûعܹȥ
ߡҵ֣űɱĳܹȥ
ӣ㣡ŷմУҲϽ˹
׷һܷŹԸںķԸرҲ׷˹Ŭס׷رȻճȺȴҲҶսһЩסˡֻһֱš
ͣ֡Ը߿˹ر֣ͣһΰΧס
ԸߵĿǵı󣬡Ӳˣ־ܰɡҾĻͷŷǾȻƵϣͷһˮڵķ
ѵҪңվֱӣüһµĽˮ
ʲô⣬ҲŲţߵĶš
΢΢ЦתͷһۣȻԸĵطȥΧסǵر˼

ڶʮ ˣ2

Ըߣ޹أھǰ˶ϣҪɱˣ㾫˵ķǰװ˷ѣ㲻˵·ôղ˵ţЩݵڷȴıֱ
šԸת룬һαЦ˵ǾԡԸʾԱߵ˶һѽǰ
һѽ׼ȷ˷ǰͣһζҲһ̴˷ӿɳڿзţҺĵͷ紵ڿ˶ò۾סǷȴһԭǣ۾һԱ߽ӵɽӣϵĻ̌ŵԼĲϡ
ӡһ
ҪҾץԼ½ǣҲסԼ졣
˲䣬Ҷ紵Ļ죬ǧ̵Ҷڿзɣɫľڿз裬еڱ̼Ĺ󣬷еĽһĨʺѪ˵Ͻϵĳڽ⡭
յĵĿһĨȻղĵЦһ
Ը߸˵ĴЦָ˵Ƕɱˡ
ʳԡָԸߣ۾ĵԲ
ڷѾˣǵҲҪˣԸʾǰ鿴յʬ塣
ˣչѾǰ鿴رֶϵԸԸЦĸصˣתȥյڵϵӡ
ѷնȥٰ˸ҳԸ߸ӵЦš
Ըߣ̫ὣҪȥסۿرյ߸ߵ£Ŭ¿ȥ˼۵ĽˮʲôҲûС
ɽչѾˣ㻹ҪҶ𣿡ԸĵЦĶ
ɱ㣡񵲿ĸ첲ͬԸǰرɱҺҲһӱرΧ
һֽңһð˦ǰر
ɱǸѾͷԸָҴ˵ʮ˴˸顣
ݣǲɡҵ֣һ·ĳˣ±ͣͷһֵĽˮǶŵȫĺë

ʮ 

ӡһ
ҪҾץԼ½ǣҲסԼ졣
˲䣬Ҷ紵Ļ죬ǧ̵Ҷڿзɣɫľڿз裬еڱ̼Ĺ󣬷еĽһĨʺѪ˵Ͻϵĳڽ⡭
յĵĿһĨȻղĵЦһ
Ը߸˵ĴЦָ˵Ƕɱˡ
ʳԡָԸߣ۾ĵԲ
ڷѾˣǵҲҪˣԸʾǰ鿴յʬ塣
ˣչѾǰ鿴رֶϵԸԸЦĸصˣתȥյڵϵӡ
ѷնȥٰ˸ҳԸ߸ӵЦš
Ըߣ̫ὣҪȥסۿرյ߸ߵ£Ŭ¿ȥ˼۵ĽˮʲôҲûС
ɽչѾˣ㻹ҪҶ𣿡ԸĵЦĶ
ɱ㣡񵲿ĸ첲ͬԸǰرɱҺҲһӱرΧ
һֽңһð˦ǰر
ɱǸѾͷԸָҴ˵ʮ˴˸顣
ݣǲɡҵ֣һ·ĳˣ±ͣͷһֵĽˮǶŵȫĺë
һرŵֿһ˾ֱֱ䵽档
ġҶþȫУ˻гʹȫµһȫǲԼϣԴһƬհףź¶ˣֻӻͣĲš
ͻȻľȻתͷȴһźĵҿ
СġһǰرѸٵܹҵĸ첲ߡ
ȴϣµĵһɣʯͷžĶҺһ¡


Ѱ

ʮһ 1

ΡΡԼһЩˮԺﲻͣһĻĻĻ棬ˮĴҺһű衢տĲݵҺ˵ЦĻʹա֡׷һжĻ涼ͻȻһƬ£պĵǰŴ󡭡
Ȼۿ۾
ΡΡˮεţҶ˶ͷɨһۣŷԼһϡ
𣿡ĴŤͷһΧһӽɵӣݶòɢɣɢİһЩľƵӺͲߣһ費֪ɫֲڶĴ̨ϣĹ⣬ſڵĵطһɵˮǵεεˮǴˮﴫġ
𣿡Ŵҵ齱ߵĲЬ߳ţһӾյҵϣЩӦֵ˵
ݹ𣿡һ̫ȷԱߴҾתͷͿһ׷ĸվұһ֧⻬Сĵڵţ۾Ĵģȴûһ׹Ǹäˡ
⣬Ǻδڴˣǰȥʵ
ŶǺǡġȥˣˡϸ˵ţϴЦ
񣿡Һһ£ͬʱ˷յԼʱѨڽϵĽ
˲ϢӿļҴʩΩͷȻ䡣
áϸҵļУĽңȴû취Լ
ұͷҵĳԱߵС·ȥҶߺ죬ǰһжͿһƬģ͵͵Ĳʯͷɳӣ·ߵʯͷͼĲҶͣĻƣҿԸоѪһ·£ȴоʹֻ˵ϵʹҸоʵЩʹ;ţҼеҪҵԼʵڡ
¡һ׵磬ѸٵıڱΣҲһʯͷݺݵİһƬӲݴС
ءءץסһӲݴĿţġġ
աŵοʼҵĶͷϣ۾ҵȥ
ڴˣһЩϤȴɴĿţûаĻͷ
ǺˡһͻȻָҵĶͷҲ˲£ˮ˳ŽҵϣҵᱻˮûҵĿҲˮµڸǡ

ʮ 2

̧ͷ˳ŽϿȥˮʪͳǰԭصɫڿ̧ʱ档
㣿𽣵󣬶һϥסҵļ
ءġҲ֪ܽʲôֻ૵ţҺȴˮû
ߡ΢Ѿ˳Աߵ·ȥ
¡ߵһɽҷڿǽĵط£õϵˮ
ڴ˵ȵȡ˵һ䣬תУȴһֱı˫ϥĿĶŶĵϣȫͣĲš
һ̣һ󼱴ٵĽŲˮֳɽߴıһЩɾĲľ
žž𽫲ľҵԱߣִӻͳʯţԵĺ˺ϵ·һֱڵϣ΢üͷҵļԱƶһ㣬㣬ůЩ
ԭɢܰĵĿֻҼеҪҵһʶĽסļ
׵Ȼһ˫ͣҵı
ءҵĺѾҲ޲ˣֻܷһЩʣǶߵ½ϡ
׷˺£㡭ģ˵ͷʵ
ˡǰѪ˺Զġĵ¡Ŭƴԡ
ٰͣΣջǽַҵļ򣬵˵Щǿʳ
޹ģǸˡҵὥˣϵڻӳɫӰӡ
ÿ˶޹ģȴҲˡˡӽӵסұļҶʢĻѣԽԽ䡭
εΡˮ˳ɽǰҶڵϷҲŲȥӵ۾ĴĻվʪʪճճģƤˮݳһƬ԰ס
ߵĿԱߵĴʯͷ£ŻҰֺͲͣµˮ۾ɬȴᡣ
سҵһθе˹¶ԭΪֻһϷ֮ǻصλãɾʣһжһΡ

ʮ 3

ʵңҴˣʵغʷҳڸÿһ죬첻ΪǵĴҵʵңҴˣʵغʷҳڸÿһ죬첻ΪǵĴʷĳǰģѪΪҵĴڶı䣬ۼ֤˷պĵôĲɿܡ֪˺ܶཫᷢ£ȴʲô֪
ͻȻһĻ֪˵ĽȴΩ֪ԼģҲ֪֮ҽʲôһжһϷһδ֪
СЩҴȥǰĴ֪ʱѾϢվҵı
Щŵվ̧ſ
߰ɡµ˵һ䣬ȳɽҲͷ˳ȥ
ڴˡҸţʵ
˿Χһ֦ˮ֦塢Χƽ常ͬƽسǣҪȥ常һ֮
л졭죬ֲ֪ô˵
ؿ֮͡
֣ÿѶ㣬ĪҵĻǣһ˿Գǻһ̵Ц
ģתͷ϶˵һ䣬תͷǰߣӵ常ҵġ
ô˵Ǹǻ̧ͷıӰڵĽһ䣬ȻǶٿڣֻˮͽˮȶ
˵ǸǻǸ⣬ֱڽѹƵĽʱԼ
ݹһǵһ´Һ𶼾תͷͿһˮ£۾˷ܵĹ⡣
ɽҺڡ
󲽵Ĳŵϵˮ߹ݹҡ
ɽˡҵ˵ͷŬļһ΢Ц
λǡ˿
ŶλҡҲ˵ֿ񽫾
ԭɼҾͷ󽫾һᣡĹҲֻ񣺡֮ҲǾжš
һһĹάףҪǷƽһᳰϼ䣬ȴû飬ֻо۵ĺܡ
ϵ·ʪˣȥɡҵ˵һ䣬Ҳ֡
ֲҲ»ɾɡ̧ͷ

ʮ 4

ûлشתɽ˵Ҳһɡ
Ҿ͹ҲƴǣӦ¡
һֱųţǰȴԽԽģ۾ҲԽԽʹһŬļŲԼ£ߵʱסǰ
𣿡ſӭ۵ϸϽǰסţʪĪҪ
ǺǡݹѰ𣿡֣תһ˫ã۾
ţڡҸϽǰһֻ֡
áͺáŵͷƵ¶һ΢Ц
ͻȻһʹصصǡ
ŤͷҾͿһźɫ׵ʿС·ϡ
Ǹµʿɴ۾ڣ󲽵ܹȥǸʿˣ
ɡɼҾ˹Ŭ̧Ѫյͷ϶³֣ջ³һѪĻҲķıȻ֧Ѫݳں˶ִźѽҲԵסԼ졣
˹ʬ壬̧ͷҧгݵĴӿ³ֺ֣ݺݵİγĽ۾Ľ⣬ָѽС
ɽ֪ǵסҪ뿪ˣ̫ľţѾˣһȥܾһ
֣ͻȻҲȥ֣ԵԸӢ۴֮ˣִչݹܹϣ౨ұɱǻҲִ£һ˵ţһߵϥǰ򵹣ҴĳһԹԡжϥлƽ𡱸οԸɱ֮ˡ
ֺγԣ𡣡ϽַһصĿɽĳڴģỤݹȫֻ
⡭ҾȵĿǡ
ݹҴӦ˷չҪλȫĹȴͣһ£ʡһЩҲ˼һݹɼҾѣӲܣȥǻݹ£
ɽһ·СģȻкܶ໰˵Ȼ֪ܻȥһ˵һ䣬һκλ
ݹأ̧ͷصĶһ֣ȻѸٵĳ·ȥ

ʮ 5[]

ݹԭһֱŵӣĿıӰʧ֮ҲסԴĳأǰȻһھͻĵȥԭŸ첲ϵҲ˳¡
ݹڵ֮ǰһҷס
ִǱһɴӺĿɬݼµģȿȡȡŬİʺĿɬҺ³ﲻͣĿš
ˮˮԺ̧̧֣ڵĴ̾һµˮ˺
ȡȡһˮ£ѨҲ˳˺ܶ࣬ǻЩһ߿Ҳ˳صƤͿһֻɫ齱Ͽҡ
ǡ硭ŬļһЦܱȿ޻Ҫѿ
Ѿ˯ˣôԱߵľϣǴЩЦ⡣
ǺǡҲ֪Ŭ뽫۾һЩƤȴֻ̧ģĿ
һתת飬ϣԼһ˯ܻȥľͻɺúõĻߡ
򽲣ֻѪļ֮˷纮ֻҪʱҩԻȫֽ齱ߵı齣˵
Ǻǡͷˡ¶һ԰׵Ц
أұʹӦҪ㣬ɷԳУվľϵ߳ţһһֻС
δʳȥɡ͵ǰһһࡣ
лȻûζڣǶȴеܣҲƴǾҵĸ첲ӹһ˴롣
ѽʮ̵࣬Ϊһκȵ̫࣬ĻǸоͷЩʹ
Ǻǡû˸ѲÿζЩʳһַҵĸ첲̲סЦҲ֪ҳʱǱࡣ
ǺǡʳΪ졭ⲻְɡҼʣµ࣬ȻݸĽҷŵϡ
棬Ҳ棡Ա£ҵŮӣܸо㲻һŮӡϸ˵
Ǻǡ̫ˡҵͷӦһ
һʱ֮䣬ͻȻͳˣҺ𶼲֪˵ʲôˣҾͱ۾װ˯ҲתݣϡĿŵʱż

ʮ 6[]

ݹһСĵôŵ棬ƶŽŲһ߻ҡ
šҸϽĴӣǰס齱¡
ݹӿɺЩŷҵֱЩЦһ˫۾Աߵľ
ţöˡҴ𵽡
ӿǸˣЩɷ˲˼ǺѽҵֱЦ˵
Ǻǡţˡ˼Щε죬ϽĽ͡
һˡʱһľţεЦͽϡ
ӻˣҺݹ˵㡭
šҸϽŵĻѸٵĴӴվţҶˣûûԵģ
ŶССŲſȥҸϽǰĸ첲ﻹЩ棬ȥЩ
Ұ
òãӻδãȥϢɣȥɡȥջڳǰҵַƻ
δãͰϢɡľʯͷԱ߶롣
㲻˵ҪȥƽѰ常ôԼչԼҿ𣬾΢Ц˵
ҼѴӦҪ㣬ҪŵӴ˵ɡһֻҵĸ첲Ҵ齱£ֽҸϣߴӣҲжЦ⣬ȴСĲԵоЩů
Ϊ㿴ң齱ߵľ¡
ǺǡǸ߸ߴϰ֮ˣȴû뵽ҲϸġǣЦ˵
Ǻǡƽﶼֵͬһ𣬴Ҳġ
Ŷô˵һˣЦſЦҲǣܱôϸչ˵ģӦû˰ɡ
Ǻǡʵ㻹ЦЩӦöЦҲϻһЦ
ЦҲЦ𣿡ЩӦһ䡣
ָ֪ʲôڻʱ㲻ġ
ŶϵЦȥ
¶޷϶ģΪԼٱϣģûеĵزԼҲԼƵĩ·㱾Ǹ֮ˣΪξ벻ͨأҵһһ˵ţȴҿ۾ĬŲ֪˵ʲô
һûҵȴֻǵͷűǣ˼ӿ¡
˰ˡЩϢɣҳȥջǷҵĶԳ֣š

ʮ 7

ȵȡҪʱͻȻӴֹعͷҡ
ȥɹɹ̫ŬЦЦҿʼԼҪ
á¶һ΢ЦҴߵߡ
ŵĵӦˡһֻͰһĶҲϽԱߵһֻϸ첲
Ǻǡҵ£ŤͷЦҡҡͷȻҸ첲ȡ·ԭĵطòЩ
ŶЩ˼Ӧһץץͷ
ţС·Уǰţۿ·һƬƽ̹Ĳݵظ̾ʵǰﶼǴƬũأֻڶˡ
ǿϧ졣
ⶼӹã°աһԷ¶Ҳ˹ȥȴϲȵһʯͷЩˤҺʱַסҡ
л־һءЦüɿ֡
̫ˣҪЩźáȡһЩӿʼŵ
䣿ظһ䣬ͻȻ¡ѽѽҰɣ
⡭վӣЩΪѵĿ˿ңֻһ˵
ܣģҾҪѧˣСϲӹС˵ȻҲѧȭϾҲֻϹ򣬶νĸ߳գһǷǳģ˹ŴǸû𣿶Ҳ֪ʲôʱܻȥЩհǺܱҪġ
ҵղϰ´գǴСͬһϰ䳤ģĹõġôһӣҲٶͬʱԺ
֪һݼʷϹݼļأ˰𼧣ľȴǸԣѵʷϵݼ
ʲôأԱվҶŵ淢ʵ
ûʲôػҪֶòܺá¶һЦһɡ
ȻҵĻ̧ͷЦˣЩС»ѲҡϵһЩᣬ˵
µѾˮĲɵԭں̫ʱҲ֣ƺ¶ͷյ˶ͷ϶ϸܵĺ顣
硭һ۾ӭ⿴ȥһ˳С·
š˷ϵ೾վӵܽڶ˵ЩʲôȻĵ˵ͷֿٵ˳ԭ·С뿪ˡ

ʮ 8[]

˺£̽ʵ
ؽǻش˵²ûκˮң΢Ц˵
⡭һ£ͻȻ׹˼ˡ˵ûڽˮпܻšѸٵ̧ͷ˵Ȼһ˿ʣһĪĻ䣬ȻѸٵѨɢ󡭡
ǱӣȥҲķӦҰͲס˸ߣѸٵµȹڲԽźӰĲݵȥ
ʢĵĲݵֵïʢϸϸĲҶܶʱҵֱ߷ſ˫磬ַŲݼںӰźķ罫ҵĳɢͷĺڷ紵ű΢΢ͷԶգֿϣ
ŶҲȵϵĲЬŲȽˮĸоһӴӽŵ׽Ҹ˵ˮӰʯͷС㱻ҼˮŵĴߣҲԵЦ
СЩҲӱߣָҵĽ£Цѡ
ҲɣˮܸɾˬЦ۾֣ȴֻЦŶҡҡͷ
ûһתܵѸٵϹĸ첲ʹһһӲȵ˺ˮЬ̱ˮû
⡭ͷѾûĺˮͱˮմʪӣüͷ
û£ɹɹͺã͵ϴˡҴЦļܼȻµһӴʯͷٹͷþȫݺݵĳźȥ
мһˮһ
١ܶôԶҲͷ¶һЦ߸ߵ̧°͡
һ᣿һЦۣˮһҸղŸʯͷ̧һֻһǸʯͷͷɵ˺Ӷ԰ɳϡ
졭۾ҲͻȻʷ˵ǾٶӢۣôȻǴҸȲǰȡ
ʲôû˵Ҫȡˣ죬ڳһΪȻı飬תͻȻˮϽȥ
ͻȻȥˮ˸ţ˲ͷֽϵĺˮȥҿϵı飬ͻȻٶˣǽһӦòмˣɣҪǿô죿

ʮ½ 9[]

١СĵĿʱͻȻֶǰĺˮһƣˮµķɽҵϱˮȫմʪˡ
㻹СϵЦٴΰڳųˮϽֳҵϽˮ
ϸݡ峺ĺˮˮЦЩȵ֮£һõϵһҫۣϣͻ֣ǶƬ̵ãȻܿ춼ֻǼ䡭
ˣҺںӱߵĴʯͷϱű£ҰѽŷĺˮĻζš
ǰҲô𣿡Ҷ˶ʾⱳ
δ㡭̧ͷۿĺˮӵ常ҽ̵ϣӲ͵档
㲻͵ɡЩüͷ
常С̵ңΪɷҪشµص˵ţҸϽִ̧˺ˡҴҴˡҲʡҿɲ㽲Σ
Ǻǡ˿ҵĲЦһתۿź档
δ㣿Ƭ֮ʵ
ҪȥģҵҾͿԻؼˡҿһ۶ĺӰ˵ͻȻЩʲôһ
ţԵˣ
أʲôȻ֪ĽһԼתӿ
˵ˮ룿תҵ۾Ҵ۾￴һְĻ棬ԵĿŴסˣҲڶҵ۾ʱͣסϵǻֻǿҵ۾ɫԽԽ
硭硭һԶǵĶӣҲŻĵͷϽͿźӵϿȥͿͷɢңɫ԰׵ײײĳ
ҹ˲ôЬӣˮܹȥҲϽ첽ĸҵĲ
ˣ˵ڵ֮ǰҷĸ첲
ݽ㡭硭̧ͷңٿһӾ
׷˺£Щģֵأ۾æ׷ʡ
ءرشɱаʮ֮˾űɱݾաģĿ
ĸ첲׷ʣΪλˣ
ƽƳǣءر˵Ҫ׽ѵ۾Щ㡣

ʮ վ []

常δ˵꣬ͻȻӡ
ؽ˻ΡС˵ţ˼ؾȥͶ
ȥȻתҸϽǰסĸ첲ȴ̫תһ򣬵סĸ첲
㲻ôȥҳ˵
ΣҲۿ常رСɴ۾ߺ޵˵
ȥȲ常رļƣûӣҴĳţҲһƬҡ
ѽ磬ݽͬӳ֮ʱرѾΧˮйͨҲϽǰȰ衣
ãϻȥ׼һػգҵѹסŭҲĻһܻذߴϲЬݡ
ݽ㣬ڴҳʱرˣǰҡָźε˵ָϽһ˹ȥͿڵͯһ£һһֵֻļͷѾ̵Ѫ·ںɫ
ȥҸϽķͯҲҿ첽Ļصݡ
ҺŪˮͯ˿ϴϣ˸ɾ·ϣָϽ˼ʳܶͯԿ֮ͿʼҺһ࣬ȴ𣬾˸ڳݡ
ȻվҲߴӣֱͦţ۾һĶŽµĽ⡣
ΪңҲг̡߽˵
޹أԸӦҪչ㡣ৡһ½ջʣ̧ͷҡ
ô죿ҿʵһȴش𣬶Ǵ󲽵ԽҳһʯԱȥ
صĴڳϣ󿿽УҿظѸٵϻһͼһһĽĵطʯӣ˳ָϸĿţξ౱̫ԶǱھ常֮ӳǣǾϳرǿдᱻرܣҼûرҲͻ·رˡ
ûзˣ֪ʱͯҲǰָļͼϳ·ʱü׷ʡ

ʮһ վˣ2[]

صĴӣǿԴﶯָ֡ͼϵһƬ˵ֽͷֹס
ҪһȥյرΪҪߣ򡭡Ļٶֹͣ˼˺ܿܳΪرĵ»ꡣ
һʱ֮ĸ˶˳û໥Ŀţ֪˵ʲô
֣常غ뿪ͻȻͯһ֣ͯϽס֣֣̫ͯƴǡ
ţл֣һȭ¾͵Ƕ
һҹףϿԱѾ˯Ϳ˴̨ǸһӰӣ֪
һƳӳϵʱһѾʰ˶׼š
ҪȥδԱߵ߳ãȻ۾ȷתһ£ԵҸеһĲ
ţҪ뿪ˡǰȥסֱ
뿪ȥδ
ҪȥЩת˿ˣҲ֪ν͡
ŶȥɣȵׯٻաȴҲ׷ʣ΢ЦҵֱȻķſ
šҸӲ֪λӦĻ
߰ɡ𵱻ϵĻһ󲽵߽Ȼתš
ţȵׯ˵ʱٻׯڣֵС·ʱͻȻŤŶݺһҲ֪ΪʲôȻ֪Ǹûĵ׵ŵԣһӦˡ
޹أ㲻ءǰţ˵ϣǲΪңҲڴ˵飬Ӧøεģ֪Լʲô
㡭ͣסһתͷңҸϽһ϶񣬱ʾȰҡ
תͷǰߣҲϵİĽŲװһЩ·ԼһʱҪִģºɢˣҲ֪ô죬ֻôϡ
һˣҲԣͷʱ֣ǱԶԶĿһϦӳĺ棬ǾˣźӰһֱߣȵɫȫھ͵һƬ«έǰɫ«έҶڷ΢΢ҷţżһֻˮмӹ«έԸɵĵطһǽݣֱŻ֪ǾǻĴΡ

ʮ վˣ3[]

Һ«έѨƬ̣һͬͯʹһЩһֻС洬ֻӺ
𽫴ڰߣ˿Χ֣ǽӦںӱߵĴϺş̌ͷңӵݹǽһƬ֮
šҿ϶ĵͷ
ϣ໥ݸ͸ԵķֿתСĳǽȥҲСĵĸ
ǽΧһһ«έʢĵطʼý̽ǽ棬Ȼֽ
ǽ沢ʮֺֻȥֱɡ𽫽𣬴ԱùһֻʼСǽ档Ҳ
ˣȻҲͷݹ
ȻͣеĶ̧ͷҪ˵ڵĻұĻҸ˾͸Ļ
еĶҲһ̧ͣͷһۣ¶һ΢ЦֵͷǵˣԺ㲻ˡ
ԺݱǣǴŹġ˵
ˣˡ𶪵еʾҲͣ
Ǳ常˵ҴڽرϷ常ǽ˱ɴ常غӶ¡
ͻȻЩʲôĻأ
Ի취ҵƺԸֻͣӦһ䣬ֵЩϻغӱȥѰ԰գתǽҲ϶̵ǽͷȥ
һѸٵԾ׵ǽڣ沢ûдĶ֪ûرע⣬Ҳ˳ʱȵ«έۼӱȥԽĲһѸٵתͷԭ·˻ȥȻŵƻķĽֵǽ¡
ֻˡ˿һũ߹ͷ۶ѣҿʼЩһһѵĶһƳϡ
ˡ˽̽ͷʱһﴫűǴƬ촫ǽֻӳżк;ţһɫӰǽԾһȺرҲ׷˳ԭںҹоŵĽֵһĽִֽرȻر׼ˣ
£ͷر̧رһӵϵͬҶڽֽǿĿ۽ָҧҧȻתӻóӵȼ۵Ƴ

ʮ 1

𡭡ߡҳŽĵ˴һ˾ĽĿ⿴ССǽм䣬ҾһյʢĻ𳵺ݺݵĳ嵽룬ԭΧסرһʱδعʶÿ𳵣һ·ʹмֿˡ
ߡ׹ݺݵĵмļرҵĸ첲ýرȻѸٵĳҸղܳСǽȥ
ȵȡǽرҲعƹ𳵿ʼǽ֣ѸٵĵȼӣſССǽߵĽﻹһӴԲ
ƵǽϡʾȻеĻӵȼ۵½Ǵҹ粻һ۾͡žž
ߡɲö࿴ҵѸٵĳ«έѨȥ
֡ߡЩϲ巽ʱͯһһɫõ£ͷ׵ߴ«έ˳Ǹ߾常ˡ
常ɿҵ֣ǰȥסߵ֡
ͷֱĿȴҵͣסĿĿҵҲֲڷʣѸٵĿ𣬵˵ز˾Щȥɡ
šߡĻͷŷ򳯺ӱȥ
ӱʱһ۾Ϳ˫߶СŹȥϽӭϴ
졭ǱߡǸڴ£«έѨҲر
ȥɴڴٵߵͷ𴬽ǰҡ
żر¿ʼ佣洬Ƴɵ̱µļռݣ¶ļڻ谵Ĺĺ⣬ͯϽֽƵڴϣҲʾҷӡ
ͷڴ֮ϣһһʣԼˮҿһֱ֧ۣûκֹͣҡĴ
ԽԽ죬رԽԽԶԭͣҲͣĴӴ̧ͷ͸ķ϶رĻѹѾǺԶˣʧ«έ
ӹر׷ͯ˵
𣡡Ѹٵվ߳ͿҧݺݵĽֱϵһֻ۶ϡ
𣡡ǰסĸ첲ͯҲӴи˳

ʮ 2

֣ɴͯѸٵĽӹеݴҲɴ۾Ѫֱĸ첲
ü۶ϵİֻУתͷŻڷȥЩˮ
ŶãȥһἰžĻع񣬸ϽĹյһͷȥˮ
ݹҪ鷳ˣ˿ңֿ˿Űֻĸ첲˵˼ҪҰ
ҡûԥĿ֪ô͡
𿴵ҵɫҵĹ˼ɣ¶һ΢Цڴ£ʾԱ¡޷˵
ӻͳһѺɫưذ׵ݸңȽͷ¡
ҴĽӹذ£סذ׵ֱһ飬һɫĺذоͳǰȻҲоذ׼á
ֽ첲ϵ˺Ȼ̧ͷ΢΢һЦְɣ£
ҡԡҧҧҽذʶһߣȵĸ첲ͷȥ˿ڣֻѾ͸һƬƤӶƤ¶Ѫɭ׼ͷ仰˵ֻĸ첲˸Դ
ҿʼˣ̧ͷ˿ҽ촽ȴʼն¶һЦ֧Ĳĸ첲ֻǵµˡ
ϸϸذ׸żͷɵĽӴҾСģһǸо˿ڳ΢΢ĲǷȴֲòӵĿԼ
ѪļͷڰϣҴĺһ̧ͷŷѾͷ󺹡
ĲܺãŬɶ¶΢ЦҪֻγҪ죡첲ͷˡ
ãûж룬Ľذ׶һߵĴϣϸ¶Ƥļ֧һֻԼ֣۾Ķ˿ڴҴһ¡
123Ͱγ򲻿ԥصĵ˵ͷ۾ɶ˿ڡ
123ߡĿҺݺݵһͽ֮󣬸еȵҺ彦ҵϣҽı۾ż֧˫ָоѪе¶Ⱥճ

ʮ 3

磡ŲڵϵĹӿʼòϴ˿ڣ۾ŵѪմȾҵĽż⣬ҸϽֱϼӲĴϣյķʹʮָ֧ϵëʹҲžԼһֱֻѪ͸ļ
ܵƵĽĴϣ䵽һɫЬǰҾŵ̧ͷͿɫ
˵ҵȱ׽в£ȴҵĽ̻ڣлû常ڴϣƷĺȳ⣬ҲŻعǶΪʱȴһֱ޶Եվں濴˿ûеż
常ƺ˵ʲôȴݺݵһת˴ڡ
磬ȥЩʳմѪյĲϺʢѪˮ蹭˴ڣһʱ֮ͯҡϾĿԼĺֻĿԼմѪ˫֣ԸоѪζϵĴҵ˫ɢ
ѪδгһһЩıѪմ˫֣һУֵߣһ̫ʵ̫ʵʵҶ룬ֻĴƮѨ
ϴɣ֪ʱѾһֻҵ˫֣Щֲڣǵĺֲġ
һֻĽҵֽˮʱϴţֻľٶûκεĶ
ĩĺ汾Ӧǲ̫ģǽȴЩرŨŨ˸ͨ͸岽֮⾹ʲôҲ壬һҹĴɫ΢΢ЩתʱȷѾûر׷ҲڴЪϢ¡
ҷ˼ȴôҲ˯ţ³Ծŵĳ˲տŴŻҰããĺ棬ֲԵЩҵĻ棬ԽԽԼôˡ
£ͻȻһͷҾĻͷͿѾϸɾ۵ֶĿҡ
ǰɡŬļһЦվڴϵСľǰϥ£Ҳѧϥ¡
ͬʶáԵķձһǰһǰ
šҵ˵ͷ

ʮ 3

ΣùϵС¯ĵϣʵ
˫ҺĻش
ΣĴӺҨһСˮĸϺǣȻĿͶҵ
ͺѸٿ϶Ļش
ıΣķ࣬˫۵ĿңǶϢһУɵҸеĳֵԥ
Ƕıֻǡ˵һͲ֪Ҫô˵ȥˣ˵ЩģҸоԼ˵ѻ
ǵģҲˡûΪҵĻãͻȻ¶һ΢Ц۾˵ͷȻתߵͷ׿ããȻĺ档
ڴͷΣתߵľǰ£ƶС¯ϵĲֵ̣Ĺ򡢵ıԣŶ˿ƥֻ̫壬̫Ҳһֱĵѽ԰գε̾һŪҲ˻ȥ
Ϊ˲ʣΪ˲壬ˣһص
̫ƽ£ֻ׸˴ǽѣʹɥкȥ档̾ϢŴһϥǣü۽š
һҲ֪ôӦˣϾ˵Ļӿ͹淽ǶԵģ
Ҳͬҵ˵Ҳ𻰣Ŀٽתҵѯš
šԥջû˵ѣ˵ͷ
һСŮӣҵʮֶЩŪѽͻȻЩԸЦˣ̧ͷתĹţ˷ʧ䡣
Ҳ˴ѣ˶ѡĴЦҲûκεĿģΪԼеĳЩʧ䡣
ƺһ㣿סЦ˵
ûûаɡЩȴҲ֪ΪΡ
Ǻǡһй֪ɷӦУҵƺû̫Ŀ
£ʶ˼ͬЦЩȴҲյĸɾ̧ͷ
ϣ㣬աıԣټϹ۽翴һҲ࣬Ҳ԰ˡϵЦݾգϿҵĿҡ

ʮ 4

ҡ⡭ҾĻ춼ûܻعζ׹֮Ѹٵľ˼һ̣ҲܴӦκ£ֻ˵һҵ˼£ֻȫƽ֮ҲܣҲܲˣ
ǡĵ¶һЦԴ̣
ǡ˵ҲһЦ
ôϷԸһ䣬ɨǰѩ˪ֺαΪڣ˵ĺá¯ϵĲˮ÷ڣɫˮӺ³ĸԼһȻָҵĲ豭ˮֱˮ˱ȴûͣ
ľͬⱭˮĲˮʱڷ˲˵һĪĻȻӶһ´뿪
ѾȴããһƬʲôҲϵС¯Ļ𽥽Ϩ豭ĲֻعһƬƽı䡭
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磬㷽ûгԶЩš߹ݸһҶӰŵĶ۾ȴɨҺ֮䣬Ҳʶҵ֣ҸϽĴгһЦӭ
ݽ㣬Щų԰ɡҲֵݹһңҸϽлŽ¡
ͯϻҲϽת˹ȥ
߰ɣʳϵĲȻǰͷ
ʵӦôġ˫ץף۾ǰ棬˵
ΪΣͷʵ
ô㣬һŮӸ㾭ôΣյ£Ҫܴġ
̾һȴû˵ʲôŪһͷˮȴֲԸ׷ʣԴҵʳ
յ·һٽСͣѰ˴õũԺҲʱ
ӿţͷһƬƺֻһȦ̫ĹΣһֻɫȸڷȥĵɢԺеϸҶڷʱ򷢳ɳɳͳƣһɢһѹֵĳƣһֱǰĳƣ

ʮ½ 壨1

ͬݵǰϵĲˮ͸һѾ룬ȴֻǶϵĲ費šüͷ˼
ѾǰĩԳųҲӦˡ
ֵ˼ףֻǻҪЩʱ򣬵ȵ
ˡˡһֻѩ׵ĸӷڷǰϽֵȡ¸ӽϵͲȡһײ
ȵˣ˵𲼾Ŀ⾫ϲ첽ߵǰֶһӿͻȻת̲סɫ֣ʱѵǵʱˣ
ӽ¶ʮ嵽³壬ʮ춼ǱɹԭӦѾȴͻȻĸѾʱ֣̫ȴǶȵУҷᵹҳһºݺݵš
㣬ЩˮɡһЩ߹˳ֵݸһˮЦŽӹл
㣬ЩͬǺæ綼ոߡ
ǰɣӦҵ˵ͷһڲˮȻ֪ʷȣҴŵҲµҪʲôϾʤѾصս죬ֻˡ
㡭㡭⴫һ󼱴ٵܲҺһۣҸϽеĲƣܵԺţֻ˶Ŵڵĵطȥ
סһܹˣˣ
ɱ˴ĵٴء˴Ե˵һ䣬˹ȥ
ݹͯӭűߵȺܹҸϽӭȥ
ݹһ仰Ҫֱȥصġͯ˵һ䣬ȻƹܽԺУȡЩָϽ뿪ˡȷ֪Ҫˣ
ɱأռУʽ壡
˲ֱͣϢʱͬҾʹԺһ͸ĲˮֻǴĶ档
㣬ҪǺãңüʵ
˼һ£ʵ벻õķӣȰɣ
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ݽ㣬һɡתҪʱͻȻҵһС
ս㡭ԥҪƴǡ
㣬ˡ
ðɡһ޷ܾͷӦ
Ҳװʰͳţ·㳯Żĵؽȥ
Ϊ˶ֻƾֽŲУ˴ǶѾ۵УһƬִҺһúϱֵĴ¡
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㣬ǡҪЩʲôʱͻȻһ󶣶־ϣƾŸоԼǾ׵
ѸٵŤͷܾƽ̹һƬĲݶûһá
ȥ̧ͷ˿֦Ҷïʢ
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رƽң֪Ĺϵк³
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±ȱȥͷķֶСԸһ̾ǰҼƵĶҲŷĺʮŲͬũӣҲһˣץ׳ѽ
غĺţһͳ֣ҲһǰȫˣֻϣܿҵӪ󣬵ҾǿЦˣΪװл᷽㣬ȴϸԼ˸鷳ˡ
رһգȵڵʱ͵һƬɫӪʴȥǰɫӪʺͳɶѵĻ
մضʮͷرһ˵һ˱ڼϼĿһ۸رǵþϣӪȥ

ʮ½ Ӫ

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·һرͷǵһƬӪʣԸǿ㻻·
УҰɧ׷ŵһɹֵֹζȻԸǻĥĥĴϡȻ·ţһôǾǺܿҰѰϵϣٴҲ࣬һܵʱ˵¶ֻҪŻᣬҾܣ
ģȥԷˡǹرӽһЩѾһ·׳ϽŸ˳ȥȻҲˣǿƻʳûζڣԼİﻹЩһͳš
˶ȥˣأڿŸʱӪͻȻ̧ͷȥǸģˡ
ȥԷˡһ߼Ÿһ߻˾䡣
ɨһۿѨѨӪʣָҵ½߲Ķڣɣ
ȡȡʸʺһӱ仰ɿסˣɴ۾ˣԼѨڡ
߰ɣСˣҪ֪ڽﶼûȥɣһľͼ˸ˡҲҵĿԣҵĺһϰ볶ǣһģҳӪʡһεĿЦˣҶʲôʲôѽҿҪƻܵģŪߴţһҵѶȿɲ֪˶ѽү涺
ҵһƬӪǰɿңҸϽȥĴıε·
ˣȥ㣡˻ͷһۣ
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ҽʣϥ򵹣Ĵ
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ųԵģԽԽȴû취⣬ǺûЩһȥԶ˷۱ûţŪվľ׮

ʮ½ ͵ȡ鱨

վ˴һʱң۵̧ͷһеĺʷ£̧ͷҵȥˮ
ЩûӳͻȻĿڣع֮͸ϽĹ֣ȥСųӪʣҵĿ˿ҲϲܴˮرҪ·Ҵŵץסһ̧°͹ĵ˵Ҫˮȥ
⡭˱ͻȻŪЩˣһּҴӽгȻûŪͷȴҲҵӦǾ͸ϽСȥˡ
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ֵܣǻ˳ȡ˺ȲһرݹһֻɫֺЦݡ
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һ֮Щµĸ½ĴºгˣҲõصУºӪڹŵĵͼϿţһ۾Ϳ˷ϵǾӦþƽѵļı
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˼ͷٿºӪҲ˵ƣǰ˲⣬ԱһѷϵӪԱ߶ӡ
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ҵɴ۾ҵĽ㶼ˣǺ溦èΪҪٰǽϾҪʱͻȻҵĸ첲һһҲҵĽ棬泶Աߡ
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ۿرĻԽԽʱ˴һƥָҡ
ãҲ룬ѸٵĽı
һ񱼣оҶߺ죬ѹѹҹɫʲôҲ壬ҾԿǵٶǼġ

ʮ½ عӪ

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ǡŮӼ˷ʣԵЩˣüҡ
ҡѣҪءҼٵĽţһͱñӳˡ
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һҾͿΧһľǰʲôҺͷ˶̧ͷĿͶ
ݣһ۾ϳ˸ڷѻͷң۾ǰץסҵֱۣҵϸĿš
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ʮ½ ٣1

࣬أҲûȤԱߵķ࿪ڡ
ཫĿתϣ˼Ͻݸ˫ֳݸ
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Ե˵˼䣬Ҿͺû˯ãҲҪͬ飬Ҳø˳
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ʵںĳҹ࣬ӦǺܺھҵģһһεôұʾҵᣬȴһһεǰҽΪ޷ԭԼĴܵԶĳͷ
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ʮ½ ٣2

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ʮ½ ٣3

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Ưִʡ
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ʮ½ ѧ [ĸ]

һΪѣŽ־ٹͷѽһҾǿվ˽𼦶
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ãȻˣӽһÿսһʽǷѧɾͿԼˣվͻȥɡתһ˵һ߳ȥҲڿԷʹĸ첲ȶڵһ㡣
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ģǼװѽŤͷͻȻһˡ

ʮ½  [ĸ]

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ҵſʱסھеͯˣ˵˵ЦţһֻţͯϽӭȥͻȻоԼܶ࣬ת볯ߣȴϵѾҡ

ʮһ½ ƴת [ĸ]

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𣡡ץеذףٵţСĵﵽԺǽԱ֧ȥ˳ǽͷСĵ¿š
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Ƭ̰֮ǰ޵λ£ұ˳ӦӽǱһģĳλС
Ӧ˶ţһʱ֮Ժ졭
ʮյǰͶԱ̶£ѾЩӲͣҪϣͬҲ㣬ҾϵĵһģķشսɰҪ
³Ȼ˶æĲɿȴǹ˵ųԹĿգҾŽԺţһһµģҲǲֺ
ݣͣ¶ջеĽ
ôпգתͷȴּղ˲٣Ϊս²˲ġ

ʮ½ 뿪 [ĸ]

³Ȼ˶æĲɿȴǹ˵ųԹĿգҾŽԺţһһµģҲǲֺ
ݣͣ¶ջеĽ
ôпգתͷȴּղ˲٣Ϊսɧ˲ġ
Ҫս㡣Աߵ£Ҳɽ¡
ŶҺܺáӦһ䡣
ʵʵЩģϾҵĵһδǡת֦ϵҶӡ
عǣˣֵֵֵֻּξλ֮£ֻҪ£㣡̧ſıӰ˵
ԣЦתڵ£Ǻǡû뵽㾹Ҳ˵Щ
ȡЦҰɡҰŤŤ¶мı
˿еĽǺǡĽˣ̵Ŀɺã
ܺãǳĺãڶ˵쳣
ŶǺʱҼʶʶЦĿҡ
ѽʱһ㿪۽硣ҺĿºڣҲŵԼҪһأҪһˣ
վҪսỹڴ˴ĳִǣϵЦҲʧ
常
ض˵ȥķԸţԥҸϽͶһ΢Цʾ޷
ˣתȥȴϵЦ⣬תһЩӰŽʧˡ
ҴЦһ̣ǹΪ֪ɡ
԰գȥҲתݡ
գʰǧӵܶɽ͸ϵȥȺ˳ǣȴûǸ£Щ顣
һˮѸٵӴ׳Ѿװõİϵڱĳš
໹ӭҵĴڣҶĸҲȫûиоģĳЩʱܸоԼĶµĵطҲԼ̫طΪִҸҲ˺°ס˽ţο֪ĽֵģҲ֪ǸԨԼ

ʮ½ 뿪Ӫ

һţһ߲·߿ʢҰЩ¶Ժ
ƯѽҽҰһа棬һ·žͽһ򣬽һĺò֡
࡭Ƽ¥̧ͷһңŬĶĸ׭֡
öˣȥԷ˵İ̧ŽȴվסҲ뵽һص⣬ûǮ
ҷȫĺɰֿҲֻһЩԵй
ӴһСģ˳ŸϽкңҽš
ҡӣûǮ
ѽǿɵˡСһҽ¥һЦ˵š
ңҲָԼ
¥룬˶ˡС¥һͽһ䲼þӣһŴѾ˸ɫĲˡ
ʿˮ۾ſС㡭ǡϴ˰ɡ
С϶ЦðɣҪʲôһͺá
ȷŶҳ˲Ḷӵģ̧ҡҡпտյĺɰ
Ѿ˸ˣ;ãȥˡСһ͹˳ȥ
ҵĲˣҵΧȦȴҲͷ
ˣջǿߣҲˣʳ߾ͳ˸ذ
Ա֮СЦҳţһż͸ϽһͷҪǮܹ֣ȷû׷֮Ҳͣ½ŲǽǴ
ˣѾڶ߶һ䣬ϷͳŽֵһͷߣһ·䣬ҲԵ֣ͷûôǿʱ򣬾͸оЩˣұһ̨Ϣ
롭һСģͻȻСܵǰ۾
¥Ѿ˲ˮȥðɡ
ұģüͷ
ǸﱸģɡСһ˵ţһСĵķҵĸ첲ҴĲ¥ǰ̧ͷ˿¥Ĳ¥װһˡ
룡СֱҾ¥һӱ£ȻֶҵһˮתͷӹһõĶ˹ļķϡ

ʮ½ Ī

õĵġܽ¡С۾ЦŶһңĽӹһΧ˭ǽȲģûǮ
Ѿ˸ˣ㾡á
˸ˣ˭Ҳ׷ʡ
СĻ¶ȥˣʲôԸܽһСȴҲشңһЦת¥ȥˡ
ɨһΧĲͣȴҲʲôҲᣬŲˮĺ
һţһܽظᡯţɢɢĹҲ죬̫ѾƫŰ˲¥ûܵġ
ƵߵŴȴûҪҵطסǾֱĳ˳ǣһһ֡оûʲôˣҲվŲϸΧ
ʲôˣѸٵĳָΧľ
Ҵĺš
ôʲôɷ˸Ȣ㣡һζӱҿٵתͿһɫ۵ĪϺЦҡ
㣿ôеĽΪȻĿ
Īüͷ壬ָ̧ͷ˵ͷҵȻңΪҪ㸶ʣô˵ף
ǰȥһۣͱɣڸң
Ҫ֪Ҹ㣬ͶˣﻹͬĪüͷ˵
Ҷۣ¶һмıллޣ
ˣĪҪڴˣɫѾ㲻¶һޣĪЦŹֵݸҡ
̡ҶԼһȻסĪַ
˵ʲôأĪŤͷʱҡ
ҹصĻ֡
ҲʲôûҲգĪһӣﱼҲϽץĪ·Ҵ⡣
ŤһͷǰĪôҹɽʲôĪ￪ɽͷ
ҼȻҪ
ңҲʵȴһҸϽץסĪĺ󱳣İ仰Ҳ˻ȥ
ҿ㻹ӰɣȥҲ١ĪЦ˵ȻΪ˲ˤȥҲֻ


ҹ©

75½ Īаɽׯ

Ƭֽ̱˳ǣڳһĪһǰͣ£ǽߣŰû̫఺װΣЩĲȥλ֮ˣϾԣҲ̫ľ֣ǲҲЩ˵֮ۺ죬ȴҲһۿǸ󻧸ԣ֮壬ǰ߸߹ŵĺļ֡Īаɽׯ
һССųŽӹĪе֣ӣˡ
ȥɡĪָָţҲ̨סĪ̤żЩסˣϺõҴʯ̳ɵ԰ʮɣķ˫˺ϱİʯҴƣһש̾͵·ֱű̵ֲ걻Ƽһ˿ң԰Ӽȴһ¶Ż
⡭ңЩ̫ŵŤͷĪǸ
أĪü̯
ܣڲŻѻˡһǣŤͷ㿴һŰɫ۵߳
磡ĪǰȥҲ˵ģʮͷģһɫȴͬĪ̫
ţȥסĪһɫĴ𻰡
λǡĪԶվĪüͷ΢
Ŷ磬ݡĪƵĪԶҡ
ǺǡҸϽ¶һЦЦ֮Լûá
ţˡĪԶĹҸоǺա
߰ɡĪҽһͿ첽ĳŴȥҲϽĸȥ
״ˡĪһžͶϯϵһ
ɡĪׯĲ̧ۿµĪѾСˣ֣ҿĿһͿģηģ
޶ۣסĪֵͷ˵ţȴĪׯϣ޶ǻã㲻ģ˰ˣҲдʣ¡
£Ī̧ͷĪׯ
Ѱ㶩һŵԵ£˶׸ˡ
ףĪͻȻһֱӿĪׯ۾ȵš

76½ Ż

ѾСˣ˺ȥǺãΪ˾ҲЩģŻ֪֮ͻݣЩҲģĪׯ߽Ī
ףĪҪʲôȴĪׯֵ̧ס
λǡĪĪңʵ
СŮݣĪׯҵͷ
ŶݹˣѱׯĪҪˡĪׯ˵ʲôһ۾תȥ
ĪĪׯѾ뿪Īĸ첲ĪǾĻع
߰ɣȥԺЪϢĪתͷȳţҸϽȥ
һͬԺߣ߲㸸ף㲻ˣ
㲻סĪüͷź鷳
ܳ󣿻ǸԲãҼ׷ʡ
ĪӣŻĪӡͻȻһӭҵ׷ʣתͷͿһĸѾŵģŵɫ޵Ů
ԭŻǺǡ񡣡ĪͻȻֵŮӸе˼ٵΡ
Ż̧ͷŵ¶ЦյЩĲϣãƥĪˡ
ҿŻ̧ͷʼ㷢һ˿ҵͷ纳ɸ򡣬һԷ黨֧ηֵںڵķ˿м䣬Ƥļ쵰üӣ˿ŵ¶һ΢ЦվһҲɵ˸оݴ
ŶŻˣɩϲĽĪϽ¶һЩ͵Ц
ɫŻׯиˡŻһĪϽ񡣡Żߡ
Ż̧뿪ҸϽÿ·۾ȴڴƯ
ŻĲ·ʱ΢΢Ĳ˲ͷöҶĿ⣬Щȣȴû˿ݣֻǵ¶һЦȻŵĽĿջءҸһθеĶŮӺݴЩʺҲһܸϵ
ƯҲᣬϲջضŻ뿪Ŀ⣬ŤͷĪ
㲻ף˵ҲĪͻȻǺһһ˦ӿ첽ļǰߡ
ȵҡҼˣϽŸȥˣˣҲˡ

ʮ½ ʱ

Ժл˵ɣҲˣȥЪϢɡĪתͷûʲôĶ˵һȻתͷڻ̨״澷ԸǴλȥ᷿ЪϢ
澱Ͻǰŵӡ
ԵͬĪ˾仰͸ŮˣƹҲ͵˶᷿Ůд**Ƶƣ߽ȥҵĴһĸݣף
ò衣СŮһƲңҸϽлŽ¡
ׯܸԣҴĶŵҲС˵
ôһ˵СԵĿһۣ¶һЦתͷҵĪаɽׯеһ׸
Ŷѽһڲ衣
£ʲôԸͻһС澶һ˺Ȼתš
˯һڽеĲˮ£˿Ѿ˺õıӣЬȥ
ݣݡͱһŵѣҷӰͷӡ
ݣٲҾҪȥŶĪһȴҿţʼвҡ
͵İѱһߴӴˣ԰ɣ˭ڱ˵ĵأ
ģ㼱һ߱Թһߴ**š
ȥط㶨ϲĪҲҶ˵һҵٵĳȥ
㡭ұϵĵġ
ӡŵʱſڵļ͸ϽĪȴҲûģһĳҳš
Īֵֽݸҡ
ȥδȻףǷĪ
ȥ˱֪ĪܵŤͷһЦͼٵܿˡ
һͳ˳ǣһС·˰ʱĪһ־ͣ
ĪЦٷ
ǺδɨΧһƬ֣һĵطֻΪľͲݽ̫ʢ̫
۾ϣһĪЦŲ˵
𣿵׺ܣҲ£Խĺ
㡭ĪȴֻͣһζĴߴҡ
ðɺðɡҲٶʣ̧ͷ۾
Īҵǣ𣬷ҵĸ첲ĳǰߣʮת˸䣬ͣ

ʮ½ ʱ٣2

ûУЩ͵׷ʡ
ˣɣĪһ仰ۣԵ΢졣
峺ĺˮԶر̵ĺҶŷɢ̺ɻֻڻ·裬΢һĺҶɻĻζţ峿δ¶ڻҶ¹Ҷ̣ӳպɻ죬ӨӨ
ƯĪЦ
šҸϽͷ۾Ƕź档
ĪҵֳŰߣַߵέݣһС崬¶˳
ָҡĪϴҡ
ĪϴĪϵĽڰߵʯͷһţͽ˺ɻѨС
̫ƯˡڴϣַӴ߻ĺҶ
ĪֵԺ浹ڴϡ
ǺδҵͷűڴϵĪ
һǺĪַ̧һƬҶֽӵطֻֻ֪Ҫ˷֮±˴
ˣҲз֮𣿡
ĪϵЦôһʣȥ۾һգֻϣȴҲҵĻ
ΪŻ̽ʵĪȴҲûлش𣬳ĬΣĪ͵ӡصõ̾Ϣһ
״СָܳɲģСͽ̵Ҫׯ񣬽Ҫ̳мҵֻǲϲЩֻϣܼ򵥵ĹЩӡϲߵ·Ҳ¡
ʵʵŻáҳ˵һ뵽ϴŻʵ벻κε˿
㡭ĪŤͷңϴһЩֹķȻˣԺ˵
ðɣ˵˵˵ɽׯɣΪνĪаɽׯͬĪайô
ţĪһĪаˣĪаɽׯҲԱ
Ŷѹɽׯ˸УֵеȻԣͻȻ׹˵
Ǻǡ㵽顣Īбһۣ浹ڴϡ
Ҳͷַһɻڱһᣬ̱˸ǣƢı۾΢΢̧ͷš
û۾ŷĪȻ֧Դ΢Ц
ΪηЦŤͷʵ

ʮ½ ʱ٣3

£Ī֧Դĸ첲£Ǵ΢Ц
ݣҴȥҹɽԸ⣿Ī˵š
ҹɽѽҲһˣģȥŮҲ
㵱Ը⣿Ī۾ҡ
Ȼ棬ҲԸЩط뿪ǣѾû˹̶ĵطЩطҲãµ⡣
ŶˣҶδ㣬ӺΪλҹɽΪܣҲĿĪ
ĪϾšü˼״ѽ£볥˵ζ
Ц»أ
ʵҹɽ֮ĶЩ̰Ĳ֮ƣЩƽİǴᾪƽɽϵֵҲи֡
Ϊ·ٵ
֪ˣʱңٸִѹΰգƽ˼Ҷ֮ܿһ˰һʷЩٸ֪ҹɽǿȻģȴΪͼҲɽϵ鷳һɽϵİշɽ˵Ķͼ˸
ŶͻȻ׹һ㣬⻹ǷС
Ҳ󵱼ҵô⡣
Ǵ󵱼ңȫɫģ
ţЩҲŵġ
š˼ĵͷ
Īһָķڴߣˣ;Űɣꡭ
ҿȻģҲٶ໰ߵβĵطЬȥĽŽˮŴƯ˫ˮ滬һǳǳϸơ
ĺɻУˮӨӨһֻССĴˮƯţһŮڴβİŪŽµĺˮһڴϣһá
ǺѾǰԵ̸˼С˵ĪׯĪȥҲͻϢΪ˯磬ڶյѵ磬ڴҲûʲô˯⣬Ž԰
峿ĿЩճճģ԰һԺĿʢҲԽĸо⣬һ佣תݳʱͻȻīɫȹŻѾ֪ʱ΢Ц̨¡
ҵͽһϽջݳĽʽ⻬ʢĺģ仨㱻ƬаĻŻŷǰϣŻʼһ΢ЦûκεĶݡ

ڰʮ½ 뿪ɽׯ

ҵͽһϽջݳĽʽ⻬ʢĺģ仨㱻ƬаĻŻŷǰϣŻʼһ΢ЦûκεĶݡ
ô㡣ҶĽջؿŵֱ
ĽãŻŻ΢ЦŶԶ
ˣҲְˡЦţȻϲ˳ޣѵķԼ֪
ǺǡŻ磿ú˰ɡһŵЦű㿴һʮ**뻪ŮŮ澰˹
ˣҲׯ˽˻ױڴĻΣڴ轣һʱˡŻŵĶ񣬲΢ЦŻ
ĪŻĻĿתҵϣ΢ЦĵŶλĪׯϵݹɣҵ᷿ȥ̽ȴڣŴ˵ͬܳȥˣŽҪЩʱȥ᷿˻أȴϣڸסϰߣ
ϰϰߣͷ˹ˡǵŴݣһӴиоԲλʡ
Ī΢ЦϹؼед˻ظŮӻظͷһأɩȻҪЩģڸĪҪ
⡭һЩ֪ôشˣͬĪĹϵͣȴŻӹ˻ͷ
ˣȥƷ裬ݹһ֪˾Σ
šֻǲ֪ǷĪ΢Цҵҵ˼
һˡʣһؾܣǲ˵ӣҲֻõͷӦ¡
Ī˺Żׯһ͵һƽ̹Ĳݵϣ˲úϯڶϯƽϴƬƬĶž黨欵Ŀţ޵ķĻ˱Ƕ롣
ŻĪŵϥ£ҲŻԱ£ȻĲš
ϲߡĪ̧̧֣С澹Ķ˲ߡ
֪ݹϲʲô裿Ż΢ʵ
⡣
ʱĹȲ裬㳥ĪʾԱߵС£ԶһƲ΢ЦŵݸңҸϽĽӹ
ллĪˣ˿еĲˮͺһڣȴȫŤͷ˳ôࣿ

ڰʮһ½ ϦϦ

ͻȻĽˮµڶƵĪ˺ŻһӶһ£ĪЦЦŤͷԱߵСµǺǡﲻ̫ϰζǱ㻻ЩζĲ
ȲʱζЩɬҪСڵǳˮ֮󣬲Żʱڽ㣬ҲǹȲ֮Ż΢ЦŽͣҵһӾ
ǺǡŻԲԽľѧˡĪ΢ЦŶĸŻ裬ŻϽƽ¡
ٳһɡĪתָ裬ҲϽȥ˲ƣȴΪ˵ĲȷϵĲƸˣİƲˮڰµ翪
˰þĪ˷²С
Żһֱ΢ЦС澹ͷµģҸӸоıŤ룬ǶҶҫҴҵӶȥǶֳĲֶ֣ǵŸ߹Խĸо롣
СʰĿյĪЦŻջֵݹƷ裬ŻҲСһΣ
ԵˣݹĪҪЦŻ׾ˣüŻЦŶϯµŮԸһŮһֻ״ľ١
ŻϷ΢ЦŻĪͬݹĪЦ
ŻпǳģжˡĪЦſңҲϽ¶һЦ
Ż΢΢һЦһʹָʱģʱϣŻ΢ЦĿŶĶž黨ʲôõ£߻Ҳ˰ɡ
áһϣĪЦ֣Ҳӽʲô
һϦŻ˵
ϦҲüظ
ʫ?Ʒ?ѡԣϦϦˣĪ΢ЦŽͣ۾Ż
šŻ΢Цͷһεľȵ
ѾγҾִš˵ٴԭڽµʱһֻһûһµĺŲ裬Ī˺Ż̸䵱͡

ڰʮ½ 껪ɢ

ͷ߸ʱĪȥҾ͸Ͻ˸ڸǣƹһûͿ˫ֲѨĿڶ滨µĪЦ
ȥѰ㣬˵ͬɩһƷȥˣ¾͹ƷΣ
أЩķһ,ֳ̧һƬҶӡ
ĪǰģӦòôá
ٶһۣ֪ʡ
ĪҲ̲סһЦѲ㻹ҪǱ˵Ĵ
úúãҵĴҲƷ裬Ҳᵯ𣿡ߵײĪļ߿
ĪָЦ㲻˵ѽ
û𡣡վת쳣ĵ˼
ĪͻȻŪһ£ȻͿҵس˼ɫЦЦȫ
ĪЦᶼҪʱڰҧʹˣݺݵ۶ĽһȣЦûУ
ĪԭЦ۾ҡ
̧°üͷ㻹Ц
ӣүͬһȥǶ𾢵ʱһС
ŶϹȥĪɫȻЩ
Щʱȥ㡣Ī˵һ䣬͸С·ǰȥˣҿ˿ԱߵĻҲͱ߱߿Ļ᷿
᷿һȴҲĪңˣŽ԰ˣ˸ܾſ԰Ļľ
ݹŻĻЩ죬ҸϽվӣ΢Цĳͷ
ҸղŴǱĪ˻ظˡŻ΢Ц˵
ôͻȥˣЩʱ
ǺǡŻףֻǽջЩҪظȥ죬շҪཻͬʱջָ࣬ء
ңˡҸϽҡֻش𣬶ĻҲĲס
ŻǱ𡣡ŻһǣҸϽ˸
Ż뿪±ӣȴһӸо౻ʲôʹóһȻҵذסذףһѵĶȫӿӣѸٵİذ׷ŽӣҪԼ룬ǻֹסεķ

ڰʮ½ 

Ż뿪±ӣȴһӸо౻ʲôʹóһȻҵذסذףһѵĶȫӿӣѸٵİذ׷ŽӣҪԼ룬ǻֹסѨķ
˵ûУҪȢˡһС澱߱˵
ͬеСҲŵţˣһ֪ҲŻء
ŻׯģֻǶִһŮӣǺ⣿
ⲻ˵֦ͷġ
·С澵ĻһӾȻ뵽Ż·ʱǾ䡮շһˣͬĪ˰ɣ뵽糿Ī˵ĻһӼȥǲеġ
ׯ˺þҲҲĪһЩˣ֪Īׯλӳׯˡ
ҵ·˳ŻȳĪڵԺȥһԼ᲻ߴʱԶԶĿĪһŮ澳Ļȥ
Īˡ׷ȥеĪͣ½Ųͷܹҡ
Īˡվ
Ī˿΢Ц㼱٣к£
Ҫͬ˽һµġ
£
šͬĪʵҸϽҪͣȴϲ˵һ룬Ī˾ЦŽӹǺǡ֪֪
ǰ㣬ʵͬĪֻѡҼŽ͵
ˣĪϵЦһЩü塣
ǣĪŻСʹ£ׯСҿ϶Ļش
㡭ǹΣ
룬̧ͷһ뿪ɽׯЩҲЩҪȥ졣
Ŷǹ뿪Ǳȵׯͬɡ
ˣһھ߰ɡһ뵽ЩŮҾ͸оԼݡ˲ԼҲ
ĪüȰңȴᶨĿʾҲᶯҡ
ҲգȻѶȥЩó͹ǰɡĪ˼ִ⣬ŤͷԸȥ
صʰһ¶ŬԼǵסС׭˷ׯϵŮ澴Īʱǡ
ȵǱҳǵĳѾͷУַ˷ϵİվһʯͷ̧ͷԶԶĿߣҾҵĶ߽֮·ʽʼҪһߣһѰġ

ڰʮ½ Ƕ

ΪͬǴֿģҾķȥѰ·ȥķҾͳˡ
߱Ъ·ƣɫҲԽԽۿȥȴκε˼һ⣬Щżˡ
ǼһȴɿǻĵأҪ¶Ұˡ̾Ϣһʯͷ¡
ŴӵϼЩ֦һóʯҪȼȴ¶ȼͻȻһִͷҾӣŷֻҹ˹ȥЩѻ𣬰Ѵʯִɿ
䣬öտյĶӿɤ߶ҲԼߵ̫δ׼
Ȼ֪䣬֪һܵãٵĪŲõ·ϴŤͷͿɵĪ󲽵ܹ
̧ͷܹЩŵ۾㡭ô׷ˣ
㻰Ҳ˵ߵν⣿Īǰס֡
Ҳסô
ĪгµĲ飬мĵҲţȫЩͼ
㡭ң㲻ҵ֣ŽŽе
㣿˰ɡ
ߡ׷ҪҵôŤͷ
ȴȥҹɽĪͷ˵
Ҷת£̧ͷĪ˭˵ҪߣҲŲȥ
㲻ߣĪüҡ
ߣѸٵĻش𣬺ݺݵİĿԱߡ
Ǻðɣ㲻ҾˣǰпջջζķˣĴ齣ҪѽûҰ
ҰѸٵĴӵ
ĪƮƮѹѽսңҰεŶ
ߣߡҲ˲ץĪָϽķϡ
ΪжءĪЦһ䣬ͼ˳ǰ·ǰȥ
С˵־ҲмĶһ䡣
ӣߣ룡
ҪܣҶһ仰ֽӵ˵ҪôΪͻȻ˳
ѾˡĪһ£ȴû˵뽲ҲʣʵʵץĪôϵ

ڰʮ½ ҹɽ

ĪҸգ·˵˵ЦЦ죬Ҳ죬ʱǱ㵽һ·ڣС·ĳһ˳ȥĪ·סͣ¡
ͣҲǰĪ
ĪȴҲҵʻǰֿһ¶һЦɣ
ٺ١ĪСҹЦŴһ¶ͷȻܹ
Щҵ۾Īҹµҹ¸ϽĴſ
СһŶǵ𣿡ߵǰЦ
ҹ¹Ĵһۣ㣿Ȼǵã㱻͵һСȡЦ
ѽѽ֣ҴˣҴ˻ôҹüġ
ߡ´ҪٸȡЦңҾСҷſգü档
Ǽɶұÿҹ³ҵһ䣬ȻѸɽ·ȥ׷ȥСվס
һ·׷ҹܣͿӰˣҲ۵Ĺ
ôĪӺ治Цгߡ
ˣҵһۣȻӴڴ
ˣţҴɽĪߵǰ
Ҳ˵ģĪǰ·ߡ
˴ŶٷĹǰͻȻһӿһƬͲ˵ؾǰ¶˳ƬͲ˻һŵķݡ
ˣˡĪָŻķ˵̾ĿĪ㲻ǽҪȥڷɽôôǸׯӣ
˽ɽկǸׯӣ˵ˣסҲǰա
ɣȥ󵱼ǱߣĪӦѾȥͨˡĪȻŻС·һƬȥ
߹һľƵĹţһСεʯͷ·Ǳ㵽һĺԺǰԺ淿ݣŸɫݣֻѩ׵ĸԺڵʯصĶŲӣͬĪȴҲûз
Īˡһºɴҹ´ڳš
ش硣Īǰ
ݹվĪңЩĿڡ
ش磬ݹҴģûʲôȥĪ͵

ڰʮ½ 

ţǾڴסһɡ΢΢ס
лҿ˿ΧлĻڴɴò
ҲշҵĴָһôŽʮСİɣǸҵģʲô¿ͬ
СϽ߹һ񣬵ūİɣ
Ǻǡ˵˵ҸϽŵӡ
ɡİɣҳȥҲϽϡ
ӲҲᣬԼĲЩǽϰڷżյհ׵ǽϺʵĹżɽˮīһİűī֮Ķ
Ұ齡İɣӿǽĹóŪţҾͶǽϵī
һһĴȥԶɽˮҶ򳤺գϸˮʱϸ⣬ʫʸ踳ǷĲŻѣǼұīЩ塣
죬һɳʮ
ѩХԺ춯
һǻ⹳־ʣϦꣿ
ɳ䣣ģսѪȾ
Ǽܰ׷ʮԳ
һա
ɣ֣ǧ
ۣӳ̾ĺ
ˮҹ̧軹Զ
´£Ū
ճʮ뻯־ա
¥̨껹(ԭ)
һ϶һϵʫʣƾҶʷʫʵ˽⣬ϵϳı£۹ɽ֣ȴڲסһ໶֮Ҳ룬⵹һ˲ּ˵ĸ飬Ǿ£ûѻ
ЩǹġɣİЦŹ˵
黭ǼáҲɵ̾
İɣһЦӵĲԣİɣõġ
ŶлҪֽˡЦתͷ
һ·ҿˣЪ¡İɣһţҸųȥͬԺ˵Īк˯¡
գ˯ŴӴžͿõĵգտտûһ˿ơ
ݹˡ̧ͷʱİɣЦĶһʳ̴ӳ˳
˸̧߽Ժӣѽ˯ˣ
Ӧö˰ɣЩԵġİɣʳ̷Ժӵʯϡ

ڰʮ½ ̸

߹ȥʯԱ£ŵɫ嵭ʳﲻԵĸе˸иǼҲ˲ÿ͸Ͻ
İɣտáһ߳ţһ߳ޡ
лİɣЦŻӦ
ĪǴ󵱼أǸСƤɨһۿѨѨԺӣʵ
Сҹׯ˼ҼĺӣƽϲˣĪӴҹȥׯˣҲȥˡ
Ŷһͷֽʵˣˣһֱô
ǹӴӽ˷оȳģѾһ࣬ӽҲܹҹɽׯľ֮ɽϣȥׯź˱˴󵱼ҵλΪȺ񣬴ҲǾ˳ġ
ŶǷ֪ΪܲĿʾˣҷе̧ͷİɣ
ū澾Ͳ֪ˡİɣҡҡͷ˵Ѿ꣬ʰϵʳ뿪
Աˣȥһ۴õܽԺ￴˿ԼСŪ˶͸İɣһܳԺӡ
ԺӵһɽصʯС·ɽҲһƬ֣ʱֵٴҶ̿ǽŽ˽ȥ
ҳһƬҶа棬ĴţͻȻȴһԼԼǼǼֻǾ¶Ųɣ
һʱұ˱淽˳Ѱ˹ȥ˼ʮпһźɫµһʯͷϣڴʲôﴫġ
Ҿԭأֱ֣һЩûع
ùЦˡ˲ҿڣԭͷҵġ͵
Ц߹ȥΪö
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ָ̯ҿȻһƬҶ
ҶĿ
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ѽ춪Ҷӡ

ʮʮ½ ֮

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ҶѧġֳһƬߴţȴû
ǺǡĿ΢Цһ
ȴǴҶӣķ֣ҧҧ촽ɫϸɴңԥһջ̽Ŀڣ㡭𣿡
Ϊʣ΢΢Ťͷ
šҵһѣзա˵
ѣʡ
ĬȻĵͷһЩţǸˣڣǶ빲ѡ
ĴʯͷǺǡϣ˵Ҳ˵ġ
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һĳĬ֮Ťͷң֮ˣҲǺЦˡ
л󵱼ҵģסЦл΢΢һ£תȥˡ
뿪һˣ˻ӽ˾ͻԺӣһŶͿĪԺϵһƲ跢ԵһʱԴĵŽżߵ
١ͻȻĪļĪѸٵתͷְ̧ҵĸ첲һ۱
ô㣿Īɿҵ֣ҡ
ӣһŸ첲һ£ô첲Ťˡ
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ҪҸ첲ˣ㣬һӣҺݺݵ£Īе
ĪͻȻңۺЦǺǡѽҾڰ첲ŤϣҰɡ
ҸϽվӶ㿪ϷŪûŶ
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ˣɽׯﻹиŻأٴҵ˼ü
ĪϵЦ𣬡ҲȢȢ㣬ô

ڰʮ½ ҹɽ [ʮ]

ĪһҲ㡭㿪ЦɡǼһģ濴һҾͻˣѲϲҲȢŻ
Ҳ֪ӦʱĴ˶ŲӳҶ˴۵СۣЦʲôأ
ĪͷӭͻȻչһЦЦڶأúŪ
㡭ϷŪԼָ֮ĪĶš
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£
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һ˼ͷԻгԸߵӣڳˣΪǿȡ޷죬ЩѵҲǿԵģֻҪСġ
ٸƶҲҪȥһ˳
㲻ǻôɡĪЦſһۣ߸ߵ̧°һ־͸ֳš
ָĪԺıӰߵĽȴҲ޿κΡ
Ǻǡ˰ˣݹﻹƽĵĺЩˮɡƵݸңҲõһ̧֣ȴðѲˮ򷭣ڵϾ˼롣
ˡİɣϽǰ鿴ˮŵ֣ҲһӰûԼ̫çײˡ
㡭߹ǰȥҪæȴ֪ô죬ۼֿİɣѾϽǰϴȥСȥȡˮҩ
İɣҩ̧ͷŲ֪ңɵЦ޷
ôһ˵ҸϽǰݸİɣɴֱ
֣İɣҲͶˮתţȻǶԲסҲġ
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㡭㵹˼ЦұĻһŪˣȶ˱¡

ھʮ½

ǺǡȴҲԣֻԹ˵ĵһƲˮҿŴݵģﲻԵ̫ˣ
ɢɢԺЩʱɫҲȻصڴϣȴһһĻһһŴݣ黳ԶرЦŵ̫ˣȴֽҲȫͬڷյװ磬ڴϷȥôҲ벻˯
ҵ˼ãջǰͲסŵĳţѾˣ¹ųڵӿȥ
ǽ⣬̧ƿһ㴰ȴһˣֻ͵ƻš
أԸһ䣬ߵſڡ
ҵĻͷһ£ԺûˣҾƿţȴľ
˭洫һҾˮͲµˣԡ
ҸϽסԼҪг죬˳ȥСŻصԼ
պաҿԼѨڣһ뵽ղҪܵ㣬ҪǱָôأȻ2010ǺܿŵģҲǸεĳ档
ڶգľˣȴûȥûȥԶտʼĪΪҾһҹ˼Ҿ߾ٴɷͷȥɽ½ԻᡣȻҲǴɷΪʱûʵĻ
ĪĪߡԺ·ҵĪϽ߽бܵ׷ȥ
ţĪ̧°ͿҲһۡ
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Ī۴һɤӵһҲĪӣĪҴ磬ֻĪӡڶҿҲǸСŮ򵥣ƢʮŮӶй֮޲
ôߡҾñֺݺݵĪһȭ
Ӵ㡣ĪʹüԹ
ҵ֪ʹϷŪҡ
ðɺðɣҲͬƽϡĪ֣һί˵
ϵĲЦſĪæɺã
£Ī̧ۿҶЦȴδ˵ڣָϽͬһǿɲУ

ھʮһ½

ǺǡȴҲԣֻԹ˵ĵһƲˮҿŴݵģﲻԵ̫ˣ
ɢɢԺЩʱɫҲȻصڴϣȴһһĻһһŴݣ黳ԶرЦŵ̫ˣȴֽҲȫͬڷյװ磬ڴϷȥôҲ벻˯
ҵ˼ãջǰͲסŵĳţѾˣ¹ųڵӿȥ
ǽ⣬̧ƿһ㴰ȴһˣֻ͵ƻš
أԸһ䣬ߵſڡ
ҵĻͷһ£ԺûˣҾƿţȴľ
˭洫һҾˮͲµˣԡ
ҸϽסԼҪг죬˳ȥСŻصԼ
պաҿԼѨڣһ뵽ղҪܵ㣬ҪǱָôأȻ2010ǺܿŵģҲǸεĳ档
ڶգľˣȴûȥûȥԶտʼĪΪҾһҹ˼Ҿ߾ٴɷͷȥɽ½ԻᡣȻҲǴɷΪʱûʵĻ
ĪĪߡԺ·ҵĪϽ߽бܵ׷ȥ
ţĪ̧°ͿҲһۡ
ǰñģڳһūǵЦĪӣкãôдαظһСŮӼƽأ
Ī۴һɤӵһҲĪӣĪҴ磬ֻĪӡڶҿҲǸСŮ򵥣ƢʮŮӶй֮޲
ôߡҾñֺݺݵĪһȭ
Ӵ㡣ĪʹüԹ
ҵ֪ʹϷŪҡ
ðɺðɣҲͬƽϡĪ֣һί˵
ϵĲЦſĪæɺã
£Ī̧ۿҶЦȴδ˵ڣָϽͬһǿɲУ

ھʮ½ ͻ[ʮ]

ˡһڵϵĿлѴ·ƶĪҲָ˷
ۿһʮŵнĪһڰִֵܶ˳һȫˡ
Ρ˴󵨣ɱǣñˣͣﴫһʧҿŵĴλµǱģԵЦ
٣ΪٲʣСүͬǸͺúýѵѵ㣡ĪһеֵܶźѳڵԻŵĴӳ
áЩٷˣͣǱǶҪ壡ԻָĪ˵ĴһȻ£Ϊ˲壬ֻ໥ĿһۣȻһĪȥֵͬҲǰͬ˴
ۡѽҿ·ϵĵԵ۾̾
׷ˣͣԻڳָָĪЩҲһӳĪȥˡ
⽣Ӱһʱ֮ʯ·ϣһƬɭɭӰǰͣƽʱܼĪһκƦģϹҲǲɾ䣬Ӣü
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ҼһۿŰ׹ĵӾͿҵļŵĶ˱۾벻ҲҪˣ˵ʱǿ죬һ潣ѸٵĵҵǰֻһӣǸ׺ݵĴͱ˽ǰ·ŵһӵڵϡ
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İɣһСĵĸҵĽҩһüİοң̾ͺá
ɣ˵ȥƫšĪһšһҲͷϵۼһҡ

ھʮ½  [ʮ]

˵Ϊ˰㣬ǺûñҼִͬȴϽһ˿һС
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ϱʹҪһҲһ𣬡Ժ󼴱ǰƤҲᶯһ£㲻ùңͬûκθϵɣ
㡭˻棡ĪߵİѺԱߣ۾ɵĴĿҡ
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ˣĪҪˣĪȳȥɡߵǰһݹĪȻ߿ջûзݺݵķš
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ҿƣֻŤ˽ЩƤˣЩӾͺˡݸңڶ
ֱӣӹУ۾ȴһֱβŵ㻹ô
꣬ǰεĳĬ̧ȡͷϵĺɴңҾͿһº͵Ƥɾ۾Դһ۽΢΢̣ҲһÿĹ¶ȣǷգ
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ҵ৵һӾ˼ͷ㡭֪ң
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һ£ǺǡԵȣ΢΢һЦתӡ
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ھʮ½ ̸ [ʮ]

˷ϵۣڶ£΢΢ЦǺǡѾò㴩ˡ
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شһӵѾˣеֻ
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ҲգҲգҽһ̣˻Ƴ㣬ն֡
㡣
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Ժδ㣿ҿʵ
ҹɽԶڴ˶޺
šͷͻȻʲôϽڴͷİ򿪣Ҵӹ
ҰóݸȴֻĶŰûȥӡ
Ҵ㸸ʵĴͷߵģһֱ֪δҲһ䡣
ʡǰַ·۾˸˸ġ
㡭ȰοʱͻȻӵסҵļԭĻҲһӿ˺С
ӵҵļ磬۾ıϣҵļͷоݵ΢΢Ĳҳһ£ջǽַļҲʱҿŵĪ΢΢죬ȴʲôҲû˵־˳ȥ
֪Ǻʱ˯ŵģһѾ㴦ʹ֪ȷһвΡ
СĵŲӣİɣͶһֻͭŶ롣
ݹˡİɣЦǰ¡
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ĪҪļ㲻´Űɡİɣҵĸ첲ֹ
룬Ҳͣ¶İɣϱӸҸϣùʪˮҲҸϽĽӹʾԼԡ

ھʮ½ Ȭ [ʮ]

һ߲һ߶İɣЦٺ١ҽŲ㣬ҪԼϴġ
Ƿͬһ㣬Ҹãδۣδݣһȫˡİɣݹˮڣ塣
Ǻǡֻͬ˴ǰʶˣҲǹطɡЦӦ
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㡭Ҳüͷ˼һ£ջӣҹȥȥơ
⡭İɣЩΪѵĿҡ
û£ҲǽŤұǡЦſ϶
İɣлİɣͻȻһǰ£ҸϽ֧
ɧ˼·Ҿİɣҵڵ鷿⣬ûҾƿ˷ţ鰸ϷҸڰϳ˯ڰϵֱߵһֻ͡
ˡİɣܹȥ鿴ҲŬĹŽ߹ȥ
ȥЩѾƵĶЩʱõšҷԸİɣİɣһҵͷϽСųš
üͷ壬ɫ԰׵ҿ˿ȴһȡϵĶԼĽҲȥȡ֪ҪܶʹԾ·ųʱİɣŵ¸ıϡ
ŲŲӣֽϵͷת뿪ȴϱȻջص֡
ллѷѵһ䣬Ȼɿץҵִذϡ
죬ȻСĵŲŲӳţֳݵʹʱͻȻȻһѾ˿Уҵͽһ̧ͷͿˣĪûʲô
ʲôЩδ˵šĪȴңֻǴ󲽵߻ҵҷڴϡȻһԲתţŪһͷˮֲ׷ȥֻܼ´
ΪŲ㣬Ҳʵʵ죬ÿ˱Ҫߣ϶ڴϣ뵽һ仰ഺķĹǶص˷ѡ
ԴҲᶨҪѧϰģҪϰͷûɻûǾֻ·

ھʮ½ ʶѧϰ

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ˣⶼū澵ı֡İɣЦŻػҶҲһЦתš
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һ£׹ˣЦü
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ȬҴȥ΢ЦŽľͰڵ̨ϣķմȾˮ顣
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УСҪѧ֣ĪЦҵǹͼϴε£Դ˵
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Īȥһҹ뿪ˡ˵һѳǿ˰Ҳϲ֡
Ҫϰ֣ҲܵҺݺݵĵԼȻѸٵץסĸ첲ھͽϰְɣҪ֣

ھʮ½ 

ǺǡǸӡİɣͻȻıŪ̲סڿЦš
Ǹӣϰ֮һ͵ġҲЦſҡ
һ˵һվתͳ鷿ȥ˶ĳ鰸ǰһһ˵ԼǰԻ治ĿҵһɫĵĶжǧ֮ʼ£֮Ѩǰ˺󲻼ߣ־¾ɣھͿʼѧϰ
ЦȻǿ֮İɣЦ治ŵҲһЦҡͷȴһĸԼҪʯͷµӣҪĽӣҪ֣Ҫ̣Ҫɲģ
ѧϰ֮·ҿʹģҶ鰸ǰһŶҿȴǶ벻ʶһ仰ʣ˵д
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ΨԾȣ΢ЦŽţһࡣ
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˳ָǰһ̾ЩȻ죬ȻѸٵЦö໨
ɽŵһСɽ￪ɫʻǱӯ󣬻ǽСÿһ䶼ϸܾµĿ֦ϣɫסһģ˲֪ӦðĿںδ¿ߣǱߵ˷θĻռſһھܸолؿ˿˿

ھʮ½ 壨2

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Ľ˲ĪҪ̫ܵ࣬ϲ»ǡԱѵ
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ҴϵĻüͷҪҲɣֻһ
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ΪܽŲ覹ȿ䣬ȴҲͳӦ²ãϱ㿪ʼľۼƣ̫һ¾ȫҲʼĴ˷˹
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Ҳվӿ˿ѾܲߣǿЩȥɣ´ٿҲա
šӦһͬҸϽĻصϣһ·ļۻصԺǰŽԺˮҴЦܽݣײİɣ
ѽİɣסҳײӡҺ񣬵ˡ
šʾ
ˣׯϵֵһɽ½ٵĹšİɣ˫ַһ塣
򿪽һСľҳںҲԴȥȴûֻܿǴŵĿǷս֮Ķ滹žӡ
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˼Ƭ̣üͷ壬رɴ󽫵ڶⲼ˾͵Ϯϸսı𡣡
ǡǺãһӰˣǹ֮ʱҸоԼԵ˷硣

ھʮ½ 

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ݣҲˣվЩȥЪ°ɡҿڣҲŸϽջЦžһĳţⱻ紵µһ档
ϣʱĵһɡҵ࣬Цŵͷ£лǵһͿ첽ĳԼȥ
صУҸϽһˮ£ѱĲˮʺлһ⣬ŷ°ڴ£ֵͷӲͣղĻرóѣѣ
Ҹô죿ͬһ֮ʱЩҹҹͣĴǰ֣ǰȥţҽԵʲôҼ뿪Ϊľǲ̫֪ͬģҲС
ҹɽϣҿ԰ƽȵţرģҲܻȥõ
紵ţˮ겻ͣĴڵϣҼתȴ޷ӿе˼˯ߵǰһЩ΢΢ˮҾڴ̨ߵλ¿ƮҡҹɫͬȾڣһ̤һнٲԤڣԹͬ겻֪ںδ
Ҳ֪ǺʱɻشϵģֻԺĸоСˣų˯ȥҲһҡ
Ϊڶջ˯ȴѵĸ磬ķʹĶͷߵͭǰԼѿĺȦ
ԵϴһŲӣһŲ鷿ϰ֣ҵķ˼ȴܾòԣһɨЩ֣ȴǿԭʶҲһҹ֮ȫʶˣĸеĽϣϵĿƷ˴
ϰ֣ӿɽ̡΢Цš
ĪҪȤˡ̧ͷһۡ
Ǻǡ䲻ȣϰ֣ҽϰȥա顣
áظķе򣬸Ͻ
תҳţԺű㿴Ѿ

100½ ϰ

ͨԵģҪͬ׽ܸԸԦָ˵ҳ˵ͷǰȥûйķӳֻͷ΢Цĳҵͷִŵߵͷǰķͷ
ƺϲ㡣ǰҲ
磿Ťͷ
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ĻоȻ˲٣ҲĻŬĽоûʲô⣬ҲĴһҲ͸ӿԽԽ죬ŷڶ߷еˬӭϣɵЦ
ػص·ˣоԽԽ˳Ҳû˳ȵĵӣ˵ľͳܵԽԽ죡
ѧˡѧˡҴЦŴͲ˻һͷܵһͷסܻȥоԽԽҲԽ£վһͷ΢ЦĿصţʱʱСġ
Ǻˣһһ˫۱ڲס·ָʵҲں˹ȥ
ش󵱼ҵĻǰǰȥŵմûɽҪɽǸ깧ػܽҲĻȻһңԭȴһʹϵ

101½ 粨

ݡʾ˿뿪Ͻ鿴ҡ
أȻϵȴմˮҲûиоʲôʹ
˵üҡ
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ֻСŴҲԷֿˣЩʧ̧ɨһԺУͿԺеĻԭ޿˵ĻʱһƬˣҹʱˮѹģԵĸо˿ϧ
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ЩɽҰЩڻʹеĽͷõʱǱԼٳġŵĶŲӴ鷿߳ͷŶڽµҡ
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ԴĲɢ֮һֱԼĳסȥͬǸѰһȦȴѰһİɣ֪ͳţҲֻݷŴ£鷿ȥ飬֮ͬǸ

102½ 뿪

鰸ǰʱСǾ˼϶ϼ̵̼ĸһЩ£ӲҲߣҲԽԽķֻ鰸Ϸ
İɣŻʱԵĸе˾ѣϽ
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澪ӣȴֻ΢΢һЦͼͽСĵķŽҵİȻ󽫰ŽҵС
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ҵһЩĹ⣬ȴ΢Ц񲻶Ҳ˼֣㲻ȥ˳£ֻᰲİա
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Ҹ˵ĳסĻϲĳԺȥ
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Ϊ˵ֻܿʻֻȴ̫ļֻǰһô̫ܿ뿪ˡ

103½ ֮У1]ʮ]

ĽãҰҵĵͼһգֻһСҴҵЩʳϢһָϽ·
գ·һߴŵطһŵͼֻһζ˼ĸ·ձܵѦǣȴϾڵ·ʱͻȻһҸϽѰ˴꣬ȴȫʪ͸
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иڶţҵĶ˶ͷŬƤЩĿĹߣҿһǳƵһĸ΢ЦĿҡ
ˣȿˮɡǸ˵ݸһˮоʺĸȣҲӹͺһڡ
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ͣҼǰҿ˺㽫ˡ
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104½ ֮У2[ʮ]

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˵ⲡǲӻܲ˵ģ²ϸ˼е˵ţȴѾܳԶ
ΪѾգҸǲͣ£ȻͷҲʹÿճ˱ҪϢҶǼڸ·ۿһյ·̾ܽѦǣȴܰҿЦ
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ˡһӸµĴƴۣȴҲֻܿһЩģӣһϳǷࡣѾڳţһƬ䣬ȴҲĲ
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಻ĿһۣȻӴ䷭ţоȡͲģĿǸɫ壬֪һŴҲֲס˯ȥ

105½ ҹ [ʮ]

ݣ㡭㡭ǰЦܵĽңҲͣ׷ĽŲȴôҲ׷ϣһ²Ⱦصˤȥȴûˤʹɻ̧ͷͿЦŵ
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ǺǡɿҸϽվӣȴѾˣԭתȦĴȴʲôҲûС
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106½ ʱ [ʮ]

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Ҫȥģͣ£һ˵ţȴûͣ
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ŶҲ̧ͷζĿװģôδ

107½  []

㲻ţ𿴳ǹװɵ¶һаȵЦͻȻһҵӾһסǰϽҪѣȴֻһĿţϵ˿Ҳſ
Ųţüҡ
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ǺǡҿɻҪǮأ˵
ҵ۾ЦЦ˵ǮתۿҵֵҵıͷպеҲȫģʱｭɽ⣿˼ͻȻҿ۾ˣװɢϽĽ۾𿪡
ҵĻᱻ𿴳쳣ʱһСŹ񣬡źҪȥء
ĸ첲ŶЩȥɡ
ҲգͬһȥңȻǻǵͷӦ¡
ǣֽһ·΢ЦţֱŸϽĿֿڣҸҪ̤żʱͻȻϯϵһƶõĽλֵܣ˴ܴؾʤաȫĵյʱȻҵȴ˿ֻ¶ؾĵ»ꡣ
԰գҲӦ˵ǣﶼ໥˵Ĵ󹦣ҳüŸоЩԣδڡ
ǷֵİŮִСϰ䳤󣬽һҾʤҲһϲҪѾףֵڴ֤ҾפǣػʵĻʹол硣ٴθ߸߾룬õĽҲϲž
һʱ֮ϲһƬˣϲЦеӳһƬÿ϶˺˷ܵĹ⣬ȴ˾ɿ֣Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ԭûҲһӱ˳鶯ͷصһҲ͵ȥ

108½ [ʮ]

ٴ˯ѣһƬӣĥשذ塣ľĵﻨ٪δڰϵƿУһ߽¡
Сˣȥź򡣡۾ԭҴߵһŮһܳȥˡ
⡭ǺδüһŮ
ź򸮣ϻ赹ˡС澹Ļػ
ʲôʱˣ
عĻѾ¶ʮˡС澲ĿңǻӻˣȴһӴ˴ϣļǵŵѦǵʱʮһҲ˵маµʱûмġ
֪ںδץŮּеʵ
Сڶ԰ŮͻȻץ֣ŵһӹڵϣȴ˲ųų԰ȥ
࡭δܽڵĶ԰ѾӴ󺰡
ڲűӵҵͻȻЩ⣬±߹ң㣿
Ŀŷ࣬ҵѦ֮󵹵׷˺£
ජҵͻȻһ˿Ѹٵתҡ
ҽѦǣְҰһ˯İȴһֱûи㻹ŵĹ͸𣿡ҿıӰ˵
ɱһԲҿԸоļ΢΢Ĳ
һӵڸǲ룬Ҿʹȥ˱ֻ֪ȴûһСĴǰ
ˣʧصͻȻתӿң۾Ĺ⡣
໥ĶŶԷ۾˭û˵ֱ𼱴ٵ˽ݣڴϺţܵ
ѸٵĲ鿴һȫ£ҾŽţüͷǺļЬ˳ЩŮôźģ
޷ҾЦſڣȴ˵һ룬ӾһձˣŵһͽС
ԼߣĴĸ첲ȴֹסʵʵĴţȥ

109½ [ʮ[

ŵЩиٿڣֻҳ˶԰һͷҾͿһֻŶıӰıˣұͷȥ
ݽ㡭߹ʱԱܹϲĽţҸϽıͷȥͿһɫװСŹ
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֣ȴΪұڻֻŤŸ첲ʾȴᣬֻܰż
㣬ȥ̸˿ͬ¶һЦһӺ˶
߰ɣȥ˵һּ
صĽҷŻشϣ͹ȫŮ
ǰգǵĴҿߵɫϽڡ
һ۵ϵŮֿң̾˿ҲգҾͲ׷´ΣҶҪǵ
ллүллС㡣ŮһҺͷ˻֣˱ϽĹ˳ȥ
ҺһЩط꣬ͬ˵˵Щʱ㡣
šҵͷӦ£Ҳš
뿪Ҵ£ҵһӾˣݽ㣬Щ㵽ȥˣ˵˵ȥˡ
£ֻճ֮£鼱֮²ɢڲѰ𣿡Цס֣µЦš
㣬ʱңͻȻͲˣһΪ㡭ˮ˵ţҸϽ̧ᡣȴһůȴǳһƬҵ빲ĺýá
ЩʱǹĿɺãһ߲ᣬϽҳͷ
Ƕãǧӵܶɽ֮󣬱һ·ӵս޲ʤҾҲԽԽǿʢǰȡرţҾ㽫ƾͼƣһٷؾڶգ常ѾžҲŵ˴˴簲ںй¡˿ص
Ŷҵͷ
㣬ֵ˺δȥѰ㡣ϵʵ

110½ [ʮ]

Ҫ룬Ե˵ЩŵȥֻǶҹɽϵҲֻһһȥģ˰գŮʳͬһͬùְͣưĽҸϻشϰɡ
㣬ҡһ¡ңͻȻ֪£ʾֱԡ
㣬Ѿඨף룿СĵĿҵɫҾһ˵ҲͻȻϵ£Ȼһ
㡭ҳɫСĵĻҡ
ҡû¡̧ͷɫ
㣬л֪
˵ɡ
Խ꣬˵Ҳֻ֪ǳ£οӢжǲ˵ţ˼һͣʾֹס
ŬϼЦͻȻоЩˣȻذɡ
㡭üһҪͣȴֻЦҡͷʾضȰ̬ǿӲҲֻ˸Сĵ˳ȥ
˳ȥصĵشϣ˫۵ɴŸ߸ߵƤûһ£ֱ಻֪ʱҴĿҡ
ôˡתһ鿴Ӷһڴϡ
ΪΰˡĿڡ
Ҳͬĵûа㡣
Ϊβƴġ˵ţ۾ȴǲ⡣
˵ǾѲģ㻹Ǿһһһ飬ҲǷ㣡
ãǻǷĿһۣһҵĴϣָյתš
ţùµĶһȴȥѦʱİֶ࣬һҵЩֵķȻ֮ǰڸ·ʱһֱûڲ֪ߵʱȻְָˡ
ڴϴһţֱͷɫȻҿŶԱߵİѸٵĴӴϷţŵ˾ȥɫ̫һǺܿıҵ磬ķָıͽ⿪֣ȴ䲻ͻȻӱҵ䱧ʶֳ齣ѸٵһתͰǱ˵ʺ

111½ [ʮ]

ҿ˵ϽջؽȴĲһǳǳѪۡ
ˣΪʲô㣡ҾδĽţѨھҵ
ִ㵽δȥҪٴӿôȫ겻ᲱϵˣĿң˫ۺݺݵĶҵ
ҡҪ˵ȴϱͻȻһӵ˻ȥ
ӵסңͷҵļ򣬿еЩʱգһᴦģһ常˻顣
ҡҵļʹ̧ͷŵǹȴûҹգȴֲ֪Ҫô˵Ҳܿ϶ĴӦȴ˵ܾˮˣ֪ܲϰȴǱŽҵģץסһݽϰ֪ǿеΥ˼۾ҿҪǲ׵ģȴˡ
ҵĲݣҪͬҷеһС
ҲҪĻԶԶĿգҪ˵ЩȴûжֻǽıңҵĻҲ֪ͣЩ˿˵ҲãûĿԸıֿ
ǵ룬һ·ıʹȫû˸оֻӵļڿһ̣оãҲףһЩעʧܵˣٶҲȫûĮȻԶڵġ
³ʾȶؾʤաѮʼ콵꣬ʮղͣճǶĴ֮Уڣǡ
ЩʱգҲŪڵĴڶգҵѦ⣬·ķ࣬ཫĵĴأȴûнҵϢˣһ˯˰²ѹཫŵĹͳȥƾͼƣؾڶգҲ֮գ¶ؿ˺򸮡
ͬʱɷѰճӣΪԳƳʾ˳⣬
עʷϣض£ɷ֮ƣѰճ֮ѪԳƳԺž֮ؾڶաҲʾռԵӺɼս֮նɱɣؾܡ

112½ [ʮ]

Ҿǽǰֽµ飬һһεָȻ翪ָ¡
㡭ʳнŻңŤͷһЦ
ءЦŶ˳һķԱߵİϡ
ţҲֻ֡ҽӹ֯ϵˮЦһͽ
ҲˣʮգȴͣҲ֪Ҫ¶áߵŴˮ̾
Ҫ꣬˭ҲܲˣֻǲųŵǷƵĺܡһ߳ŵһ˵
˵ǣ˭Ҳܲˣ緳ġ̾ϢҶİ£ҲĿ£
಻ͣҾӪ꣬챻ˮˣҲҪʱ̷ر˻ΪѾҹδܺ˯ˡ
ŶƶǶĵͷغʱڵľӪǲƶɣյˮݵȷЩܲס·Ҳͺ͡
ѽݸҡҳЩģŻտӴϯָǽϵĽ˵
㣬ǡ΢΢ͷңȡ彣ݸҡ
Աˣþòˡֽӿгתһ£Ȼֱһʱ֮佣ͷҲĿҡ
㣬Ĺ򾫽죬Ա߿ҵƶǾ޵Ĺ⣬ҵЦЦôãе˳ޣҾٽѽ
иءҵüŪľˣŷſڵһ֦ƿеĻ֦ŽѸٵһǻķ˳ŷĻ֣ȴѾŵָ䡣
²΢Ц˵ָ鶯ȦȻ󽫻ݸңȴûȥӣתջؿС
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¡ڰ£СĵŻиˣȻЩᣬȴҲû˵ʲôҲ˻ʾ¡
Ҳİ£¾½ţпչ

113½ [ʮ]

žͼͻȻ뵽㣬͸ϽˡԵһŵǰֵһԼ
ҶˮһڣЦ˵žͼ뵽Ѳҵǧˣ
ǧǱˣտ֪УԣǱ㣬׽ֻձֲˡ̧ͷһۣҲһڲˮ
Ǻǡ㵽˵Цһۡ
ҹıԵЦһ£ص̾˿ػɴµǰҾսµ԰ҾԴٽϣսнʿκ˲óӪ
ôҲ׷ʡ
ǽһ֪ĲԣһһУֻǵоһ⵽һӲ²͸ˣֻͻȻѡ´࣬һнȱؾʱŻͻǾ鷳ˡ
Ŷԭˡҵͷ
ǶǵĵͷջؿŴĻ¶һЦǺǡЩ˵ֻڸкдűǣġ
ǲͿģͷʵ
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ûУջԼǰӣϯλ
Ǻǡȹص¶ұ常׵ˡЦָ衣
Һ¡ұ۾ڳһĵӡ
棿ЦЦĲͷңҸϽ𿪡
Ǻǡˣһ¾ͲˡЦָŰȲĸ㣬ǸĵʦƵĸ㣬Ե㡣
ĵʦҿ˿ʳĵģֽӵûԳʲôر𣬻¥ġܽ¡óԣѰǵʱ·Уȴϵļûȥԣǿϧ˵꣬һζ졣
¥Ǻεط뿪𲻽Ļͷҡ
Ǹ¥ܽ¡ǲ¥Ƶģϴ·֮ʱĪҳԹζúá
ˣüʵûЦ⡣
˵ʣ㲻뵽ͬĪʱ򣬲ĿŴĻ¶һ˵ЦѽǸӸϲˣȴǸסҶ뼸䣬ҿͶ·ˡ

114½ [ʮ]

Ŷ˵Ǹˡ𵭵˵һ䣬ȴֻ˼˴ϣֻǵͷӦһȫȻûעı
Ǹôкѡ𵭵һ仰ȻתšŤͷȴֻڴſһȻĻЩ쳣ȴҲû̫ġû뵽ôһ仰Ȼôһ󣬺һֱ룬ǵ˵ôһ䣬ǲһжһ
һĵЦȴΪԼһöԶ޷£޷³Ŀ
𣬳Щģҿɫ磬Žҳ飬ȻʱҲ죬֪ѵ˶죬ҶϵһֽϾʱͻȻһд
ѸٵţͿѾҳһţŮææ԰ţǵ·ʪȴûһ˸ͣ¡
˺£ܽסһܵŮ澴ʵ
رɱǣѾˣﶼҪءŮ澼˵һ䣬ͳָϽܿˡ
رǣ߶һ䣬ȻѸٵĳܣ̤Ƚͱס첲žһȺѸٵİΧס̧ͷһȻͬˣģҲһ·Сܵĸ
ǡҲĿǣϲң˵ҡ
ںδҸ첲һգʹҧҡҲ֪
жѰʵڽͣͱܹ˴ϡ
үҵĸˡһȫʪ͸Ĵһ׵˹̵һϥǰ¡
˵ݺݵ˦ҵĸ첲һǿʹ
ǸɵţҲǸͯҲиἰ¡
ͯɣصķҲˣǰһ˴𣬵˵
ˣͯѸٵ˵
ǣΪγǣ֪ڵս𡣡ߵĺɫŭ
˵Ҫȥ¥ͯʵ˵һƬ춯

115½ [ʮ]

¥಻ظ
ͯŬĻţҲֻԵ֪ΪȡЩʲô
ԣ߿ĳһͿͿѽܽ쳤
Ҳһһˣſǿûеڵϣˮд˻ߵĺҵ𾪺ͻҲҲһ˿Ķļƽһ֮ӦøѨԸҳģؾĽǣҪԵʲôһĵĻ䣬ҺԼһѡ
үү˼ܽдҲæܽзסҡҡ׹ΨзֻǲۺݺݵĶңҶһ޲ýҹ⾡ɵ֪˶ߡ
߽ңͷºݺݵĶѹ㻹ģˮ԰գѸٵĳȥ鿴
үڣҪأ겻ͣرͻֳ⣬ҪЩóԲȥʹˡʹץĸ첲ҲϽ֣ھڻسǵ·УֺòԣǽسǣҲиӦ֮ѽ
ǸΪصˣߣǾɶһ˵ϵϵջ񣬣˼һ£˵
Ͻϥ򵹣׸£ҲϽ£
ȥֳӣһΪǧ˾Ҵ죬죬ϰӪ򶫳ˣȴҪвս
үɣֻһǧǻֲرһŵĹ˵ţȴϣĪҪ˵ˣҹҾؾȫֿǻؾһҾ񲻾ȫûⶨգҲðգ
һǧ̫үҪ˼ѽе˵š
ѶǿЩȥ죬ȥһ˵ն
ͻȻ̧ͷѸٵĹϥǰеүɣͬˣ
ԭĻ֮ͻȻһü۽šĵͷĲɫпӿĿ̾࣬Ƿ̫ˡ

116½ [ʮ]

Է԰գѸӣ˵Ϊȥ£
ŵͬڹȻɢȥа죬ҲԽԽ
һһүһǧѾڸǰŸϽͷ˴󲽵ĳŴȥ
뿪ҲŴӾʧлعվֱӽݣ룬ͽӭͳ˾ȥ
ٵĽ⿪֣ͷҷ򸮵ǰȥÿһӾŵķȥ͸ϽȥжĶ־սѡһǧһҪԶ룬֪ҲܣҪȡȡ֮·Ǵ˴£ͬıİҲˮ޹鸴ҲǸԸԴڵˣϲȥȡԼõģȻʧܵĻԶԶڳɹ
һ·ð񱼣ʪҲܵţֻƾͣţȴδţԶԶǵصĺɱӭ
оǰ㶼ͣҲסֹסӣһʱ֮ȴǰ治ϿĺɱͻȻκεˣֻˮڵ˶˵ƥҲ˻У·ڵȴȴһӭսսǰƬ̵ľף
ڿЩӭرֻʮ֮ʱ͵Ĵ彣ھҵҪסرһս
һսһսнʿҲ৵һ³彣ĺţ쳹Ҹоһը
ɱͷһǳرһǧʿҲŽϣһѪսʹ˿ʼ
ˣͣ˴ĺţ֪Ƿ
ʱ¹˭СҺΣΧһͬɱȴƲ
ͷ磬£Ȼ󣬱ķĳеĽ͵һǾͳķȥ
ڵĽֵϣ࿳ŲͣĲҽԼµĴݺݵײҵĶĤŶԣײÿ˵ĶĤ

117½ [ʮ]

ҿǰֲϵµĺӰֲңֲȴĸоˮŽѪˮϵҵϣȵѪˮҲѸٵıɱ䣬Щˮȴȵġ
֪ж˱ҵĽݵҲ֪Լûбݵֻһһĳŵǰ˿ţֱұ˺ݺݵĴϳˤϡ
ޡµȵˮգ˲ϵʹ𽣳ݺݵݵǰˣͿѾҪڵϵ
Ѹٵתӿо첲һ˵ĸоһǳɹķĸ첲
뿪Ȼҿϵľ졣
ҴһߣҲͬͬ⣬ҿĸ첲ĽֵȥһۼرָǴ󺰣
¡ͷؽϴһر˹
˻û·ʱһƥͻȻǰرײҸϽѸٵתܽ
һţҾͬˤ˵ϣȴ˲ʲôֻܸϽĽŹϡ
кãؾϾͻɱߣƿҪңĺš
Ͼͻģ㲻һķԱߵϿס߰˵šȴǿհһƬѾκε˼άûˣȫֹסĲġ
֣ͣڳǰرҪŶʱؽȴͻȻסˡ
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˷ĴЦЩеرҲЦݺݵҧҪס
ȥʲô
֮ˣİƵָϽץס
ٵȵȣܿˡƴĶţֹסĲҵѾȫĿ־ռݣÿë쳣ķãˮͣĽҵѽȾʪ͸
˿̳ҲǰΪףܱϵ˵š

118½ [ʮ]

Ҳ޷ѹͺһȵĲʣȵĿֻŴŷŭҴĳʣܲˣʲôҪΪ˺Σ
ΪɽưȻ˵ͻȻһסˡ
תͷңкܶˣΪߣΪߣΪȨߵȵȣЩעΪɽΪɽΪɽ
֪˱ʧ˱ԣҲ·㲻òҧ촽
̣ͨ˼ң̫ƽʢɷ绨ѩ£ɣֻҺעֻΪǵͷɳ棬Ҳ
ⶼǸǣ뵽Ľ֣ҷվӳ˻𣬵ǸȴԼΣڵڵʱҶôĻرŲȥĽ֣ڣڴ˵仰ͬһɴ֮Ǽеֱҵ棬޿ɱܼ
Ŷ¶һмıߡ㲻֪˵ܸʲô£ȴ㲻ࡣ
һ˿꣬ôͰݸúüǵΪζӻͳһڶǰȻ󲽵ĳſȥͻȻֹŤͷңң˴ǣǷԵ㣿
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ҵͷЦЦ·ľݵÿ䶼ĳϢȴЦԳʣǷŭֻ߶С
ǰִľš
˲䣡֧ƮѪĻ͸壬ļͷĺ¶ɭɭ⡣ֱͦĵڵϷһ죬һѪˮѸٴؿ翪ǳĵϻһٵĹͼ˫ɴ˫۾ͣϣ˫ű׳ͷߺ޵ۣΪڴԺÿҹجΣǺҵģ
滹һɱر׽дȺ˳ҿȴֻǴţֽҵڣ˿֪֪

119½ [ʮ]

Ҵ۾ȴЩ˳ɱʱ
һɱŶؾһӰѸٵĴſڳӿҪὣվȴֻоȫûֻۿЩźıгѹ¡
ΪһڴʱͻȻұľǽȻƿһɫѸٵҵǰ콣Щҵı
ߣ첲һֻұųǽȥ
ҵ˽ƳǽѸٵĻӽסˣƬǽ濳
˰볶ĽŪǻһĴǰͺݺݵýĴһƬȥҲر׷
ѡѡоĴҵҡһʹѵͷһʵ۾Ŀҵͫʱеʹҿ񽹼
ݹˣǼɷҲۣ¶˵Ц
⡭ӣ۴ܷԼһ£ӿҡ
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ڣȻûЦ˵
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ŶˣǺҾһֱУȡȡָеʵ
⡭ͷֻڣ滹ȾѪҪҴĶˡ
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ǡ
ǿϧЩȥһЩ̾ϧյ˵š
ץеڣҵһ˳ҵĴ
ڰ䶼˼ǣȴҪЩҩǾ鷳ˡ˵
һҲŷԼȫһƬȫ¶Ѫգ첲ͬϼĿһš
ǰӣҴȥûзԣַվʹҧأȴûк
ǿŮӣھӪҲҪǿж̵Ůӵͷһؼһ߷Сĵţһ߲Ц˵
ҸЦ죬ҲãʡЩߡ

120½ [ʮ]

֮֮ͷϵЦͷ˼һֽӵ֪ǰս֮ϣÿսЩδˣ˲صֵܣҲķЩֵ߲ܻӪеĻȥˣеȴڰϾѾǾ˭˭
ֵܣʹ³ĸ֡
̾һ̧ͷһԶߣѽֵܣȴ֪ںδˡ
㲻ǸȥΣҲۿʵ
ȴζδػֻǵͷҲ³˽ֻ̾˥
յҹǣȴֻصʬ壬ֵͬܡۣȴֲסӯ

ΣŽɫָһЩֻŨŨı֮ϣһʱ佫ǵĹǻҸͻؼ磬Ѱͬˣ·ڶգұ˹رǣرת׽ľұ㴳˽ȥ㡣
Ǻǡү˼Ҳ԰׵Цһȴϳ˿ڣüͷ
Ҫ˿ڣ˵Ҳ١Ҫµĸ첲Ťͷ˵Ҳ˳ӵĵͷ
̫ѵģǾҵһλϴ˵Ҵ˿û˵ʲôֻһѪյǰһҲ߶ʮһİҷֶ̧ǴһӣֵСȥҩϻַԸݵϰˮ¡
ҧǴһһ˿ϴϺҩɴϰҲϴӻϸɾѾʱˡ
ҽݻµĿյϴƵĲͬſڵ˻ѽŮӿи֮ˣ
Ŷ˻ϵ׷ʡ
׷ʣϴ£˿ڲ裬ǲüһҪѪɶҪĵضһ˼ǲҲУرǲ紦һƫôһ㣬ǾǴҲûþˣȴȫôɵģȫһ֣˴࣬ȴЩˡ
ŶѲ˼Щ˶öһ֣·ɴϰ߳ݣҰЦŽסϴĻ

121½ [ʮ]

ҲҲϷˡҷֻǸпϷƽ֮ϡСز֮ѽϴϽĽš
Ǵ˽ţ΢΢һЦҲֻһ˵⡣
ѧЩƣ֮ˣ츳Σգȴϴȴ˵š
˰ˣݹﱣסҪſ߽ڣҵĸ첲ҳţȴϴĻ
ͻȻеЩʲôϴҸѦǱඪڿӰȴûôΣյ£˶ˣȴֻˣѵָʲôΣ
ݹڵǰϵĿջס£ȫ㡣еİСĵĽҷСĵǣǰߣȴһֶǴŴĻ
ѰջסѾɫڰСᳵ·ͬ¥ݡ
ҷ£ֽŵԱߣݹڴϢҾڸڡ
šлɽЦŵͷл
ǺǡԺĪҪٽˣѲˡվЩӲЦţ׹˼
Ժ﻽ǡ
˲ðɣ곤ңһɴǡ
Ҳˮ֮ˣͺˬӦ£ҲãҾͶӦˡ
񶪹ЩſڵСȥЩƷ˳ЩơСһЩͷ͸ϽЦһģһС¥
Ǻǡɴ֡Цſڴ˵
£ǡЦˣֻЩ֮￴ĵˡ
ɴպδ㣿
һʣ£΢΢̧ͷݶѾȻһĴ߽Ƿֵͬ鲻ò㰲ִ³ɾͣұȥ£оķˮ˷ʳ
ɷҲʱɴ粻鷳ҲҪͬСǸӰҸ˵Цš
ãһΪʱҪ߱ءսȭͷͬӵЦš
ŶˣһҪȥһˣ㶨ַġ뵽ȴû̽

122½ [ʮ]

Ŷˣ񲻽׷ʣȴֻüҡͷʱܽʱȻס
ãǱ㡣ҲסһӦ£Ťſ˿ɫЩϢ
šҵͷӦ£Ͻ̧ʾⲻ͡
ȥֽŹϣϵЦȥֿ̧һֱĵڣһһ˫ݺݵɴ۾
ؽºƳɱϢͷʱѾ֪ͬСͣˡ
ҽϼŶѾ񿪿ڣɴ磬̰ɡ
֮㻹ڴհɡһƵĿҡ
Ҷ¶һõЦõƥɴ磬Ҳֻˣµģֻ뾡콫ⶫ͵С
ҲֻҡҡͷһƥӶ˾Ʋ˾ӣ򶫶У·ж
ɴԡҵͷӦ¡
һˣƥȻʱǰǧԣϾѡģ·ȻҲǲֻҴľˣЩԭϵ˿ڣֿʼʹлѿ˿ӣһټ֣˵ڶգǼһСسס
ݣǾسס£ϵ˿ҲҪЩҩһһ߶Աߵ˵ҲֻܵͷӦ¡
ҵһջǰվۼСЦ˳
λǴ⻹סꣿ
䷿ҪɾģֶСȽšҲ˳ֵֽݸСһݡ
ƹҲǿ⣬ˣһ̧ͦأ֪ǼˣϽЦ۴̨ӭ˳λ¥ЪϢʳ
˿꣬̽һƬɾ£ЩˣȥѰõ˴˳ֶһƹֿ˻ͷõĺõģһá
ƹСŷԸȥ䷹ˣЦ£ƹϲĿˡ
ѰˡЦŽ佣·ԱߣҪ˵ʲôſڴϡ

123½ [ʮ]

ˣСģһС𣬽űһŲ͵˾ҺŤͷͿ̧ŽŵĪԶ
ĪӣҾվӿ
ݹͬһſڴȴĪԶĪԶŮŽŵĹ󸾣ȻɴңһǰϳĪˡ
ݹڴˣĪԶǰǲĴҡ
ҡ˵ЦЦ
˵ŻĿյۼƹҲʰĪ˵£Ҳŷ־ȻĪׯҲ֮ͬУҺǲǵʲô¾ȻҪĪׯԳУٿͣżӵǳУǰҡ
ҿĳüʵ⡭ҪԶΣ
ĪԶ£ԲҪȥ
⣿ΪͻȻȥ⣿ҸǲĿͬϵĪׯĪϷ򸾡
˵һֱδ˵ĪׯͻȻɫһ㴵ĳֻ֮ǶЩ
ĪûһŤͷһ£ȷĪûһǰ
Īׯ΢΢̧ͷ죬̾ϢһĪȥ
Īׯɷ˵Щһͷˮüͷ
ĪׯĬ֮ص̾˿ô꣬Ҳ׷ʹĪаɽׯҲһֱأǲȥˡ
׺£ҸӵĲˡ
ʵĪ֮дΪҲδ֪ЩҶһֱڽ̵ֻ֮ϣƽɹȴջѽ
Īǡ
£ˡϷܽյֻϣչĪܰҴ仰
뽲
תˣɡ
ŶҼˡȻܲףĪׯɫأҲͲƾ͡
͡ĪׯҹлҸϽֻ̧
ĪһЩҲ˷Ҫǰһйҹ㲻ͿǳšĪһĽҵָ֣ϽеŮӳȡ˲ҶңĪԶϳ

124½ [ʮ]

ĪһңСĴҲˣȵ»˿ϵҩҲѾͷƫڴǰŽϵˣҲ£ŽʱһǳԾС
ɴ硣תֱӡ
к£ɫôãǵʵ
ɴ磬һ󡣡
þֱ֣˵ǡ
㽫ӪУҡҳɵĵͷеڡ
ΪΣšüĿҡ
ҽڣҵԭʣͲǣƣҲҡҲ֪𡣡
ԵҪԣѲҪһӣ̾Ϣ˵
ֻǡɳţջûж˵Ҳ˵ĶԣԵҪԡ
µף㶼ǡ𻹾ǡ
ϢͬСģСѨţ˵ȷϢʱͬԭı߱ߴĳֱǡ
˵Ѱ˵ĵ﹧ΪǸѽȻ˽ĳǳ˫ַ˵ġһģһߺŲ裬һͬԱߵ˵š
ѽѽķҲΪء˸Ͻӹ
񣬿·е̳
żɢСۣͬ뿪弣·
صǴų죬Ǵ˳ɳŹ£ĸȫڽֵţһɫ͵˵š
ţЩ̫׵Ťͷ
룬Գһңǳ岻ñԷΪ黩ȻڷҾϵźˣȴٳٲѰճĸЦҽ͡
ŶƶǶĵͷ
Ը˹ִ֮಻ԣһҲӦ죬ֻ֧̫࣬ɢɢԳһʱվһգȻ
Ŷ
³ߣͬվУڵĸԺʲô£ϾǸղŷǵĽСҲ֪һġ
ͨ봫ȴֻǴڽ£ʮָĿһųȫߣҪ

125½ [ʮ]

롣ʾǽţ˿Ÿ̤ż
ͨһ·ţһͽһװͨӣе鰸ǰžŲ̧ͷ¶һЦ⣬Ѹٵǰӭס
ɽϴδҴһδɺã
ЦŶ񣬵ˣ񰲺á
һĳǿϧδɽɽܵҸϣҶҪԻ
ֶ𣬵ˣسҸ߾ӡοǷһҲΪ˶
Ķļ˷֮ɫˣɽͷЪ£ȥ׼ϺˣҪΪֽӷ硣
Ըֿ֣꣬һ·糾ҿ࣬ЪϢٺ̸
Ѿ˽·˿ңҲͬˣ˳š
ȥϵЦĳչһƬ֮ɫĿתңĶҵҵȫͬҪҵĹ翴
ӭĿ⣬߽ȴҲֻǿ֪˵ʲô
Ѹٵǰһݺݵӵ뻳ͷеĲϣҪܽһ
Ϊǰ֪սǶϷ˵ţһһȫģδÿֶͬһ㣬졣
ҡҪ˵ʲôȴĻϡ
ӵңĵ˸֪ң常ǧȥˣж£Ѱ㣬ʱôҪѰ㣬ǵٴɱسʱǶô£ЩɶѵʬѰ㣬ҾôͣţȴֲͣҪҵ㡣
ҡֻܡ
֪ҿ常ʬʱжôϣ࣬ȴҲڣҪѽһԶ뿪ˣһȴδ뵽жôĺ£ҲһͳŲסˡ
ˣҾˣҲŹˣ̧ҪļȴͻȻſӣҵ˺ֻĿҡ
ǣ常ѾΪҵ³çˣҺ常ɴ˫Ŀɫʹ֡

125½ [ʮ]

롣ʾǽţ˿Ÿ̤ż
ͨһ·ţһͽһװͨӣе鰸ǰžŲ̧ͷ¶һЦ⣬Ѹٵǰӭס
ɽϴδҴһδɺã
ЦŶ񣬵ˣ񰲺á
һĳǿϧδɽɽܵҸϣҶҪԻ
ֶ𣬵ˣسҸ߾ӡοǷһҲΪ˶
Ķļ˷֮ɫˣɽͷЪ£ȥ׼ϺˣҪΪֽӷ硣
Ըֿ֣꣬һ·糾ҿ࣬ЪϢٺ̸
Ѿ˽·˿ңҲͬˣ˳š
ȥϵЦĳչһƬ֮ɫĿתңĶҵҵȫͬҪҵĹ翴
ӭĿ⣬߽ȴҲֻǿ֪˵ʲô
Ѹٵǰһݺݵӵ뻳ͷеĲϣҪܽһ
Ϊǰ֪սǶϷ˵ţһһȫģδÿֶͬһ㣬졣
ҡҪ˵ʲôȴĻϡ
ӵңĵ˸֪ң常ǧȥˣж£Ѱ㣬ʱôҪѰ㣬ǵٴɱسʱǶô£ЩɶѵʬѰ㣬ҾôͣţȴֲͣҪҵ㡣
ҡֻܡ
֪ҿ常ʬʱжôϣ࣬ȴҲڣҪѽһԶ뿪ˣһȴδ뵽жôĺ£ҲһͳŲסˡ
ˣҾˣҲŹˣ̧ҪļȴͻȻſӣҵ˺ֻĿҡ
ǣ常ѾΪҵ³çˣҺ常ɴ˫Ŀɫʹ֡

126½ [ʮ]

⡭ԭҪ˵οȴʵҲ˵ʲôο˵²Ĵα˵ܸ˻ԭɣҿ˵İã˵ڡ뵽µڣҸϽȡݸġ
ڰΣŻӹȥתһ£ڱˣֻһɫĽ
˲ΪȻѱУΪȴڣֻΪĲѣж෽еѽ֮ƣȴͻ䶨գʹ˼ʹպвٺΪ£Ϊ¸꣬գչ棬ڤĿһĶ࣬ӭ֮£һŮɽ֮ıԹˣԶ׿ʵкΪͬ
ΪһԣˣˣмǣмǣڸС
ӡϵּʲݲִ٣ЩֽбˮĺۼڳǰҴдµģȥӭսʱϵԼܻ
ǽ̧ͷңȴֻǶǽķβ¶һɸɵЦŵһˤϡǺǡǺǡ
ݡǰңͻȻץסҸ첲ϵ֣ת۾Σ
һ̵ĳȴһ͵ĳһ˿춯ͬôĿŶԷһģֻϵͭư㶦¯Ƶš
ΣҸоҵڲ
һ̵ĳûڳ֮ʣ¶һЦķҵĸ첲˺
һֱôһ˿ԣҽԵΪҿϵõ飬ԵΪĻôһ·ȥ룬Ȼʷ治ܸı䣬ܳһнӵ࣬ôҲԸǸ֡Ĵ֮սȻѡǸغȨռݵս˵ɽҲǽɽ֮ϵһ両ȻģȴԶｭɽۣҪǽɽ
ݡ֣ΣݣҪߣ
ϴŲõЦ۾ȴֲסʹҲߣǷһǣ

127½ [ʮ]

԰գѸٵתδڵ֮ǰܳӣȻۻصȥֵĽͷš
Ҷߺ죬䱻߸ߴͷҲҵڷзŲͣķҵԼЩʧļкͲͣȴܲˣֻôš
ϣһƣһȵĵԥ֧ģɱİǹ
һһĨȺ죬һĺδܵ԰ε׺˲ǣҵ֣ӵ߹֮ˣ˿׷Уҿ˵
֪˶ãҲ֪˶ãֱģ˳ǰѾңۻҷһɫĳ죬Ȼϴװֻʰţ˭ҪҴδ
ˣɡһСĵķ˳졣
Ⱥĵձҽһ·̿׳ҴһֹҿŹƣľżһĿǰһ侫ϸƵĵãȲϰĻȴҲɲ
ү˴ˡͽżڣȥĿǰһɴϣģĿԿһźɫ۵ˡ
ǺˣʲôҿɴˣǸղЩеү
ʶ𣿡ɴƣһͷӧ˾ͳǰĪ
Īҵ˼άѸתѿڶ
ǺǡԺ£ʱҪˡĪֶĿңһĵЦ
ΪΣ
Ī¶һζЦֵ˵ҵĶͷֱҵ䣬֮
Ī֣һЦ⡭⵹ô£̫̫˾ˡ
Ī˵㣬Ҳͷأͻ䣬ʵ˳ϣ
ͻȻ׹ָ۾ʣѰصĳ
Īͷǣ
⵹ôһ£
Ӯ³ڳʹдɱһĪаɽׯܹҸ֮ʱҵĸύ꣬رǰ;˽ոճĪаɽׯҲӹɱ֮١
Īׯȫׯ⣬ǲйأ

128½ [ʮ]

ĪߵУ棬ǡҲȲѣѰңұ㻹ֻĪаɽׯһӰˣÿĴˣӹҲ⣬ɽׯҲһɣҲǸҼ̰档˵һ˴ĪЦŵͷַԱߵһֻֽӵѰңǿҳͷ㶼ͬˣĪаɽׯУָ˲ׯϣԸײŴȫׯ˾ӹ⡣
ŶԭˡҿıӰͷ
ĪתͷңһҾ֪ˣȥˡ
ţȥˡҵͷıĪҵ۾
ǽڶսΪǡѵΪĪ뽫ɵĿҡ
ǣµĲΪҡٴαĪ۾϶Ļش
⡭Īȵüֽͣͣӵ常Ϊ֮սɥˡ
ĪһԭһֱѹʹѨҲκεĿˣֻоһѹʺ˳
֪ҵĴҴġҹ̧ͷϸһҲһȻ¡
ݡݡĪͻȻķŵֽ̧ץסҵ˫硣
ң˵˻ҴĿţҪѨǹ͵ʹ޳
ݡ侲ЩĪšüҡ
ҸûܰȳûܾĿţ̧ץסĪĸ첲Ŭ˵š
Īɴظ׹ŭĳҺ𣬵ˣսȻս
ĴҡԼȥġŬҡͷš
𡭡ĪĴ³֣ĪҴδڼɫЩ䡣
ĪҲǹģĲǹġҲţѹҲκεĸо
֪ĪİҵͷļҷļĿţֻǿޣĿޡ
Ҵδ˵ĺڹΪҵһģҶһҹѪζӰаҵԺи֣ԶǵʱǳЦЦԼݺݶҵ񣬴δһô񶾺񿴹ңҴģһ飬ĵѹ֣ޱߵѹ֡

129½ [ʮ]

֪˶ãֱˣȴû˯ȥ쳣ѡ
ˣҲվˣĪǣڵ̨£̧ͷŵĽ׵¹⣬ҲͷŬĳ߿ţǳããһƬĺɫʲôҲ塣
ݣ뿪𣿡ĪͻȻסҷϥϵ֣ͷ˵
תͷĿ
ֻҪԸ⣬Ҵ뿪˴ķҲã̾ҵҲգֻҪԸ⡣
㡭ǿЦȴֻǽϡ
սѪᣬʣʲô㲻ӦôġĪüҡ
ҡҲߡµĳ֡
ǲܻǲ룿Īҵϸ˵ţͣһ£ֽӵҪģֻܸƮԼһһεա
ѸٵվӶŵϵ̨ף֪ҸЩʲôתĪ¶һЦӦ뿪ˡ
԰գʱĴȥ߳ţȻСţ󲽵
ǸصĵطЩǳϵǰĪ
ܳĪĳʱڹص߶ţܳӭסѾƤҡ
ݽ㡭㡭
ҷĸ첲վֱӡ
ϳɣҴȥһͣںĳ죬סһǲס
֪ѾڳԺӣʹȥŵϳ
һ·ҡΣǵֲ⿿ļ˯˹ȥʱ֡Եһг⴫
ľľ֦þ֪
ĿţͿһȹԺתҿţջ߹
ˣҵĸ첲Цſڡ
ҿЦŵͷţ㷽ųǺҲ
ˡҽ£ҲŷѾúЩˡ
Ϊǰδ㳪һš
ǰĴҲδϣֻǰЩżȻἰҲŵġԵͷȻ˵ţһΪһǺп
㡭Ͻϲˮæӹ¡

130½ [ʮ]

˳ҵ죬ȴֲ˵֪лҪ˵͵ʲôֱ˵ɣؼ⡣
ĪҪ죬ͬǸ񵽹֮ħ֢һڰǰͬȵΪİ㣿ϴζرǺ󣬽ΪͻȻӰ
Щ£֪Ҳãֻİˡһ˻ʾ׷ʡ
ǽ㲻˵ұ㲻ˡֻǡ˵ּԳɡ
ֻʲô
磬ͻȻڸ̳ڼ˷ΪǸ¸Ϊм֮ء
ҷеĲƣЦһΡ
һֽһ㣬ͬΪһ㡭
֪ҵļһ˷ڿҧţȴôҲԲζ
㡭ͻȻɴ۾ָҵ죬Ҳ̧ͷ
㣬㷽ųԽζĽ㲻õ
ŶҲŻعȻһĳȥʹĭ
£ҵóһۣԷʱģ
󡭡ҡŽԺţԴס֮Ҳûгȥÿ֮Լš
㣬ۿˣҸЩʵͷĴˡվӵſЦͬ˵
ţ֪ˡ৵һеĽȥȴԺŴһ
˭һ߳Ժȥһš
ӡɫЦվ⣬ҲЦϽӭԺ
֪ڴˡһһţʹ֮ˣû´ԺӦòõģֻҪԸʵкַܶӡ
ﻷģѽ̧ͷɨһԺ˵Ҳӻ£ҲöŲˮ
һ񣬶ҵͷ㣬Ȼȥˡ
ҵͷӦ£·Сģ
ɴҿ£Цſڡ
𼸷Ц⣬ҲͬЩġ
ɴֱ˵ǣҲؿס

131½ [ʮ]

ִΪӣǷһǸ֮ˣֵ֮䲻ŵһ֪֮Ӿأ
Цתɴ˲ţû֪ǸжҾ⡣
ֻǡֻɼػʣұԸ֮ݺȴҲܵⷴصšһɫ˵ص̾һ
Ǵ˼Σ
ظϯ£̾ϢΪΪѣܲ汲ȴҲǲܻѽ
ôһ˵һһתҵиӣֻǲ֪веͨ
ϽŤͷңʲôӣ
ֻǲֱ²ֻҪԼֺηֻһҪûĹˡ
жвգ֮²ᣬǲҲΪɣЩνͲġ԰գ˵ĺȾеĲˮ¶˵Ц
񽫲ˮһںȾЦһǰˮɰˣЦЦһǸϽָ裬ϵЦȴҲȥָֻһɫһˡ
ɴ硭̽ĽһȴͻȻϵĲһȾȻصĽӷŻϡ
գƺԱЪŶرΧǰԮЪͬŶҲǷܾȳǵЩ˳˵ЩɢҲͶʮ֮˾ǻӦµġ
ָ裬̧ͷʣ˲ô
ֶ£֮ʱսԹˣӦ׽֮λǳȴͻȻּΪϽֻΪ³Ϊν壬һֱ˸ռӣǳսҪˣ˵ʩչԣҸкã
ôᡭ߶ţʱզȻһĪǹİɡ
ֻ£ȴȫȻϻڸ裬Բˮһ絽˳ȥȴû

132½ [ʮ]

ӡˮˡˡҶˡϽĵҵ֣ÿߵĲˮҲŸϽеĲ
߶ȫ⣬ϣֶȥģӦð£ŶԣУڴΥ˾֮Ҳǰ˼⡣
ҵЦߵ࣬ɴ㷱ӣֻǳдˡȻ̫Ըţһǲò²⣬ĪΪ
Ҳо±ҲɧЩģǡһ䣬Цתҡ
ҲǣģЦӦϡ
˿棬뵽ʲôƵģתһ֣յ⣬ҲҪȥϼ룬ȸˡ
ʱȫʱȴǸֵˣһᵽȾ⣬¸ǣҲͲֱš
һһУŪӲˮҶ͸ϽĨҵͷҪȥʱͻȻ뵽ڴͬ˵һ仰
ıͬˮһ㡭
ʱҲ˼һˣÿ˵ľǱĲҶһζһݿΪþòݳõζôмټӺͽȥģֻ¶еķˮˮ̫ʧζˮ̫вˣֻЩʵˮݳζĲ衣ǲ豭ͬģװµĶҲ޵ģװ֮󣬱ҲװˣǿеĵȥˣҲֻǴˮϴ棬ջǻ絽ϵġ
ôʲôأĲҶ¶еĲˮƮĲˮ
У˭ĲҶˮʱ˭ǸΪ֮ˣ
µףһ㰴ƽҲʮµ׵ȻҲˣԹԺĿΪϽСŹȥſȴͼū
ҿţͷĹūͷ񣬡ݹɣҵǰ빬һˡһӾĪҡ
ɡǰķסңһĳ˵쳵һûȫعѾҡҡλε

133½ [ʮ]

һ󣬸оͣǵˣйҪ³Ϊ֤ǿжˣҸϽѸٵ˳žվ˵ϡ
һ̧ͷͿﲢǹһ԰أܼɽ԰أľڣһ˽Ƿͤˮž԰ӣȴᵽһζɻ󲻽ʱһ˻֤ҵĲ²⣬԰Աиǡ
롣ūʾҳߣҲʾ͸ȥһת԰ӵĹţҾͿһʮƥڵĴ߶ĪһɫƺƵĶԽǣһƥĿš
£ˡйūĪ򵹣ԥǷҲҪһʱĪѾһЦ˹ҵߵƥǰ㿴ԣһ۾Ϳ
ҿ˿ƥȫںڵë⣬ûһ˿κεɫ۾룬֫׳ȻһҲ֪ƥ
ݣ˵ҪȡʲôأĪ̧°ͣüš
ұĪ˼ӶЦ̧ƤëоֿܻȫǺɫڵѻڣͽѻ
ڡѻĪһŤͷңЦЩںĹҲͷЦ
ԣȡ֣òáĪҡͷҴЦ죬֪ѧʲȡ֣ǰϷŪô
ϷŪ㣬ǺĲúñĪһۣ΢΢һ˼ͻȻ¶һ˵Цѻš
ѽǡһпӣЩԭںĹ˸ϽĽŵƨҷŰ죬оһڡ
˰ˣǶȥɡĪЦųЩ˻ӻ֣ЩҲϽĹȻ뿪
ƨĵĻ˳ڡЩ뿪߶ţ첲ҵŤŤ
ĪһŤЦЦ̾ϢһҲֲǣЩҲǺϵĹˣǵıԣйҲԭǵػй˵մػʵĸֻǲ֪ķ˶֬ࡣ

134½ [ʮ]

Īɫ̾Ϣ˵ţҴδҲĵһ棬ԵĶ
ĪԶ˼һŤͷҶѸٵ¶һŪЦüôˣ
ȥġҰ̧ۣ첲һơ֮ڵݣúǲףϵЦҲסˡ
ϵɫĪҲµ룬ֻЦҡҡţͷʱ԰ߣûסϣסɻϰߣǾòñסҹаɣźţҲʱ㡣
סڹתת飬ôã˵ȥûʲôĵطҪ˵ǼٵģһĪֻסڹôǾͲһûϸʱĪûֱӷԣѾ԰ĹԸȥ׼ˡ
ҴȥйҴƣɶءĪ˳ǣҵЩŤĳĪֻ΢΢һȴҲû˵ʲôֻҼǰߡ
߹ʱ԰ӣƹȣǰľɫ㽥ĿݴԻʯƶȴһƬ߹һʯС·Ϳһɼ׵Ĵǰ֣ɫˮȥҴء
롭ĹūҴеľͤаں㰸ϯĪ߽Ͻ򵹡
ɡĪһӹ䣬Щū͸ϽлͻȻоһкǰ˸оİˣعϾԼ롣
ǹĲƷǳԲġĪҶǰЦŵݸһ㣬ȴûȥӡ
´㶫£ڰĹūͻȻҪҹһһ´ᣬҲǸūһƾ͹˵ϡ
󵨣ĪѸٵϯλ𣬳ǸūһǸūŵڵϡ
ݣĪ첽ƹҷЩɸɵֿ쿴ЦЦȴ֪˵ʲô
ĪңŤͷĶĴˣȥһ٣Ǹɴ˫۵ĹūͬɸӾͱ˳ȥ
¡Īҷϯλ£ֽǿŵҵϣ̧ҧһڣĸ㣬ȴζͬҧ

135½ [ʮ]

ǸūҲΪֺ㣬㲻ôصġҿĪɫ˵
ĪȴҵĻȴֻһЦϵĳƣ˭㲻һ仰ҪȨȻҲôȡˡ
ҷеĸ㣬Ҫģ
Ī̧ͷĳˮѾڴ˴ɲѡ
ҲͷŤͤ⣬ˮҷΣֿĪĲ¹壬˼
ǡĪɿҴأ϶Ļش
֪Щ¶ֶˣͻȻһ壬ĽʿʧôĴȺߣҲֶλģӦϣȴУȫһҵʽȥ̣ǳҲǰģ˻̲ҲǴпΪһȻֲˡ
ĪһЩԱ߹еʳУдȺ˹Ī¶һЦŤͷ벻Щء
üΪ֪ж֮λλȴ
Īͷķĵʳݣ֪ұ˴Ĵ󣬱صɽׯУѧϰӪ֮׾ТһĪаɽׯӦ£ΪֶҵңҾͲòʮеһνĳ׺͸ɩҲ붪ɽׯ˵ǱģȴҪġνס׽ҵ˶Ҷȥ
㡭ҳ˵ȴû˵
Ī̧ͷֹ¶һԲҵЦ㿴Ҷһˡ
ҡҲǵģĪҼеҪ͡
ĪЦŷҵļ磬ǺǡЦѣŵġ
ŶҴĪַ£ؿȴеһµûš
£бһūǣĪϵЦǹūһۣתЦһ£Ͳ㿴ˣԼţ˱عȥϢ֪ġ
԰գĪɨһԱߵĹǹ͸Ͻǰ񣬵ūѾµķԸ÷Ƹﱸ¡

136½ [ʮ]

ţźˣͣĪԵһͷͷҵļ΢΢һЦһ󲽵ĳͤӣȴźҵģҲϽϡ
Īһ뿪Ҵ˰βŻعζֵֹͤ϶ҴطֱоķεЩˣŻع
Ҫˣ𣿡Сĵ뻰ҵͷҲϽͷҳƸȥ
Ƹ󣬹˼壬ݲݵȻٲˣǲңȴ£ɶ칤ǸɫĻľֻڣԶҲû˻ǼŭŵצշעĿռɫʡ
Ȼ֪ʲôݣͬǵĳͬģ֮ǰūǰ֮ЩҲǶұϹϾһ˿Խⵡ
ڷƸѾˣĪȴҴػչ˻˶Щ֮ĹЩͷҪҽҹɽ뿪󵽹ĵطʱȴȻһ౨ˣҲͱſľĴתƣҲԵÿģֻߵ̫ûһ֪ڹϹɧˡ
ҵ룬ҾùȥĪ
ڻλأʱȥſڵĹūЦ
ü
λūСĵĻػ
ŶҾڴ˵ȵȡ뵽Լ£㳯ˣǹūҲû̫ǿҲû˵վ⡣
¼ӦЪŶϳôλҪƳؾ֮Χҳλף
ŵ幧
ţǶȥɡĪ̧ʾ¡
ĩˣͬ񳯳⡣
ŵڶԻңнŲ߳˿ȴѾ𿴵
㡭üң˿̧ͷǰ
ͷһ΢΢
񡣡ȵĿڣȻѸٵ̧Ѿ½׵峯Ŵȥ
ҿ뿪ıӰֱĪӵ߳˶ҲŻعȴĪַ̧ס
Ժ󲻱ض񣬾ͻǰһĪЦŶüҽ

137½ [ʮ]

ҪսˣһߴĴһʵ
ˣĪϯ£ŵµҡ
һ䡣
ǺǡЩҲһ˵׵ģͱɧˡң²Ϊ˴սµİɣ˵ʲô£ĪЦŴһ򣬵ȴЦĿҡ
ջ´Ŀ⿴Īҽ֮ʱ̫æҲδͬκ˽ĽõģҪһˣһֲ׳
¼򵥣ǽýˣαҪԳأ±ҵģ㻹ǴڹаЩĪɰЦţŤͷŵеĹūԸһ˱Сųˡ
ˣʹڹкűǣȻġĪЦңûκЦҸоİ
⻭ΣĪҾ͵ǰһīŬֳЩЦȴʼվòԡ
ʱ֣ɹŽ˷Ƹ󣬵ЩһʱҸϽַס
һ
ҵ֣Цǻϱĸ㲻ߵġ
һ£һѲҲЦˣ
ڰ£ЦЦҷŽʱۣϲָЩʱپ͸ء
ŶţҵǴ󳼣ҲΪȻĽӹĲˮЦ˵š
Ȼ㵱󳼣˵ǷҲֶһƲˮһڡ
ԭδô룬һ̵һ⼸ֻڹʣȴȫȻûжһ㡣
⡭ͬĪ̧ͷüŵĿѾȫͨ͸ֻԼ̫ľһ㡣
ԭΪ磬лԼҹŽҲԭС»ԽģҲǽĸˡ
ˣ˵ˣѸٵİѲƷŻһɾͷҴš
㡣ͻȻһţϽĴϯλվĹҲһӹڵϡ
ŸĵĹ˺һЩĪǰڹˡǵòͬ⣬ǳȥġ

138½ [ʮ]

û£ֻǱˮ죬ɡҲʾЩ򵹵Ĺ¡
ͬǰ㡣
ţ֪ˡСĵĵͷǴɫ֪ӦûûȫţҲý͡
ɢɢͬ˻ЩеĵĲƷ񣬿ɫѾɹ˹
һҲҹɫͺĳĪȥЩ˼һĻϽĸϣȴҲûһ˸ǰҡ
ˡūǵסҳ֮ǰѾҷƸĹĹڵУңҵһһӦöڿŵġ
ȥĪۿŵϵĹˣһ˦תͳŵߣһ̧۾ͿѾڵſڵңһȺСܵĳŵĹŮū
ݡĪ岽ֹסңĿ˵Ŀ
ȥûҵĪڵĹ˷ԸЩҲϽ˳ȥһʱ֮ڰֻʣҺĪ
Ī㾹Ȼңһô㡣ҳĪĺš
ݣ˵Ī߹ǣҽţȴݺݵ˦֡
˦ĪתӻͷҲΪ㣬棬ʲôָȥսɵһڽƮߣΪǿôõڰ㿴
㡭ĪߵҧȴҲ˵ֵĻ
ԳĬΣĪü۽Ŀңƽݣδȶ㽲ҵ㣬ҲΪѽҲۿĴգ㶮𣿡
ĪҡҿĪɫǹ߾һӲȥˣ᲻ˡ
ݣҹɽΪشὫ£ΪˣҲģȴûСɽ֮Ҷˣ֪жٵ𣿡ĪǰߵŴͷҴɫʹ
֪ҲҲشʶĲŷǷҲɽ⣬ǧ˳ᢣԸ⣬һҲǿԸʳ

139½ [ʮ]

˵ˡҵͷ۴ĪĻＴǾʹϧͬĪǷˬʵҲΪֹˡ
ݡ㵹ҪʲôҡĪסҵ˫ҡš
һ۹ƶ̧ͷĪҴֻѡ
һԳΣĪԭҼͷȻ£ĵ˺΢ЦĿңáá
ĪѸٵ˦תϵϯȥߣ
Ī߻صϵİϯ϶£죬ջʲôҲûת˵صƸԵʰһ¾˼һعصðԺ
ǻūŸġٽǰһĹū˫һֻľС
ҲתͷĽ£ȴǸūʹһѸٵ뿪ˡ
һ˼ţ߽ｫƵϣǺһȴһɵĺɻ
ҲǺңԶɣҺңԶ
һصСԺĲգͻȻһ󼱴ٵʶὣԺˣ
ݽ㣬ңĻӦһϽܵԺŴš
㡭еܽæסǰӣһ̧ͷͷǶģŵĻһװķ࣬泾ͷң촽ɺԵķƤмϵĳû´Ǹո˳·ġ
ôˡҿżɽڣȴûϻشңǾֱԽ߽Ʋˮ¡
ľֹٿһеģԽĲ¿ˣֻǾƲˮͻȻתҡ
ݣ㣬ɺã
Բüͷһʣʲôֱ˵˵ɣҲǷ糾͵ĸûҪ˷ʱ䣡
ãֱˬҾֱ˵ˣɱ壡Ŀҡ
ʲôɱ׽Ҿĺ
Ŀת⣬ΪϽΪʱԮʾﰲηǰͱԭء֮࣬ȱ֮СҲǿͼܲŵϣһɱ塣԰գָصԱߵһ

140½ [ʮ]

׽ѽҪ֪ھնɱ׽͵ҷϣҪ治֮ҪɱͷġҶ˵š
ѸٵתؿĿ⣬ݺݵĵҵ֪Щ
˻ͷϣۿҪʰϽߵмסǵĸ첲λ㣬ˣҪҪ뷨Ӱ硣
ΣҷȻ˺һ
˿࣬Ͻң˫ҵĸ첲㣬ý㣬ͬһȥ
ң΢üͷղűɵҲһ㣬˼Ҫȥ
ǣԽݣҲֻн˵ϻˡϽ˵
̫ˡ뵽յķҵ֡
̡ҪھܾʱͻȻһǰ£ݣϲ㣬ܽ飬һ˻飬ҷҲģֻҪˣڰ㶼У˵ţʹӻгһذ׷ŵϣҰһãɴ۾Ѹٵǰ֣Ҳ˲Լǳ־˷ذףһĵʹҽšüͷǻǿҧûг
ҿذףԭɵͻȻһӱŴ棬һɣذҲ䵽ϣҲϽɿذף˲Ѫ˳־Ϻݺݵĳһơ
蹻ûУܽҪǰסԼ˵֣ĺ𵽣ͷϸܵĺˮ
㡭ŴͿǣҵѪ£ŸϽ﷭ֹѪҩɴ
Ҫβſϰæ˵˵һӵڵϣѸٹ䡣ҵӡУĮ߰ķ࣬Ůɷôս;ӪߣӲ˵ͷǰһУʱȴΪǰµ
Ҹ㣬Ҳ𲻵κã㻹Ǹ࣬ھͱǰҪҪ޹ءһԱ°ϵ˿ڣһ߶ŵϵ˵š

141½ [ʮ]

ŬƽϢһЩϢǸ;˸ϳӪģش˿̾ѾͽУֻҪһ£㱻ȫɱ
ЩĻѸٵĽӹеɴƹңȻ󽫲ͷȥóһֻľоߡ֪Īһɱ𣬼ջسҲҪٳȥһ·гǺ׷ϵġ
ߵſڴȻֹͷԴڵϵ㵽Ŵңڻûȥôͱָˣ
Сųţ˳ִһ·гһƥϣȻҲĴӻͳһӶϣҲ˵Ľкͳķȥˡ
һ·񱼵ǰһ̫һԼҪôĪǻûһѾվ˹⡣
ʲôˣ£ҷһȺñΧ棬ѷĽҲϣֻҪ΢΢һ£Ѫ岽
Ѹٵͳľݺи߸ߵľ𣬡¡
죡ҼþȫĳЩţЩԭһĴңôΧסȴҳǴҲסˡ
ļٵĲ֪ô˵ʱһۼĴϳңⲻǰʱסڷƸݹ𣿡
ǣǣݺеݸץסһĸϽ˵š
õģСȥǴֽӹеݺгŹȥҲ΢һ
һǺܾãǸСųҸϽ۾ڴҽȥȴһ־ͽľֵ˳
˵ˣղκˡ
ʲôԭϲɫһʧľ
ǴеݻңľľĽС
΢һͣѸٵֽ̧ԼĽܵӣ̵һڵϣЩԭָҵһŵĶ˺
ĪҾ͹壬㻹ұѪȾеĻҶҸ߸ߵ̧ͷ幬ķĺţ˻ߣڶģĪҵʤҵŭôİҿŵˣΣǳʱĽٷˣʱķӣٻǰĳҼĲûбȨպ

142½ [ʮ]

1234ı۾
£˽סʺе5ûҲĵһɣǽҲһء
ˣ㲻ҪˣĪӷסңеĴȫٵһڵϡ
Ѹٵ۾ץסĪ֣ĪŹɣҸлҵ⣬㲻ҪΪˣˣ
ĪüͷšĶң߷ߵҾ֪㲻粻ĸΪֵ㲻Ҫôкκõģ
ҵĪ۴ǰΣԺΣֻأֻҪԸŹԸӦκ¡
Īңüҵ
ȻһɫָƽֱӶ۾ҪģҲᷴ
Ŀһ̣ĪɿҵվӣЦݣݣ
̧ͷĲǣ֪㲻ᣬֲַߣǧְ취
ţҼֲأѪţĪתң䵭ʵ
ҵ㲻ᣬҲ˵㲻ᣡ֪
ԣĪɫ΢΢һͣͻȻЦãҴӦ㣬㣡Ī˦ֶһ飬նɱѾڰʱǰͳȥˣϵļǱ
ллѸٵļ̧ţȴҵĪһĻ
㰮𣿲
ͣ½ŲתӿĪҲΪֻΪġ滹аû˵ģȫΪԼģΪһΪİ֮ˣԺԥԼмǰذ׻ԼʺŮӣǿȡȨѪսͿѳʱ̫٣ֺαȥټ̤ЩпĻأ
Īתңǽյң𣿡
ҿ۾ԥĵᣡ
԰գٶת̧ʻȴĪסĪѸٵܹȥڹڵҵУ¶һζ΢Цƥһ㣡
Īҿ΢Цͷһ

143½ [ʮ]

·СģĪɿҵ֣΢΢һ죬˲ö˵Ѹٷʹһǳȥ
һ·ɳļܿĻɳ׷ɣѸٵص
͹𣬹ūɫΧǽ£Īת˫۴ȴŬǹһ˿Цһţȥ
ĺʱ֣ƥ֮ȫۣһץֵĻ˵ȫѾǱһƬ
Ǳڴٵ˽ӪٶǰϵӪʣˡһʹǣһ߶ͬ۵ķ˵
ߡָǰķֲ·ʾҳߵ·ߡ
Ұʰʱʲôһ߼ǣһֻҲÿҲµװ
Ҽ򵥵Ľһ䣬Ҳ˵ݺһԽܵǰ档
Īҵƥǧԣͬһҹǵ¹Ӫʱһƥ͵زǰһȻѾȻҲ۵ĴϢûд󰭡
̧ͷһһɫİɫӪʣӵϻдССˮӦˮͣá
졭༱еĳҵĸ첲ӪܣҲϽӪȥմӪʣͿһӭ˳
ׯģ˴š
飬ڴн١ׯӪ¶ϲ֮ɫϽӭ
ߣȥʣҲ˵ҵĸ첲ȥǸׯҲһȥ
ȵȡԼбҼͬͬʱĽ༱ԾһУҲܽС
Ϊῴ˶ýѹڲϣϵȴһūģýڲϣҺͷУǹҲһŵĵڵϣͣͷ
ֽ̧һֱڻͳֶǹūǰһߴȻĵɣûҪֻǰǷ黻ݡ
Ŷǹū̫׵̧ͷңȴҲýֻͣǾ۵ĺܣĵתӣ˳ȥ
һţǳһŵĸûֻоͷƤҲصǧٽһоַֻҵĸ첲Ҳͱ˯ȥ

144½ [ʮ]

ɱ׽֮ΪϽʦϾԡҵġ
ŴӼ򵥵ӣӹݹˮڵĺţˡ
ŮӣһҪҺˮһߴЦ˵š
ǺǡãһҵأҲϲսǳϲҲ԰׵ЦŽݻ
ӹľϣ֪Ķ༰ʱһǿɾҪɱǹūˡ
ҴأɱСȻô죿ǾǷ˳ʹЩԸٸ𣬵ϾǱŸԼŸ˳ֽˣ˵ȥҲԲ˵Ժô
һ˵ЦԽԽŮˣһʱСڼӣһʱִϸıʿȴԽˣ
һ⣬ǺٺһЦɴ󽫾һأǲˣȻЩ棬ǻҵʱĻҪ֪ҵسôã˲٣ܱ벻о
һ
һ
ŰɫӪͬׯ󲽵˽
񣡡ͬйҲֻ
ݹɾúЩˣǰʵҵͷ΢Цлģ޷
ݹͬĿǼʱ˳ѽׯһ񡣡ǸڷϥҪаҸϽֵסؿûʲôϵļʱ
ΣǱȫһңҵȶǹׯǶصһҿҲסҲȥˡ
ȻѣôҵҲͲ߶ţͻΧһҲüޣҵȾиǡǷȽˬ죬ûʲôҪ˵ģҲ͹ָǣҲ⣬ҿɲԸһȥ˵ų滰ǣҲϽЦʾ㡣
ɴ磬ҲȥɣԼһ˾ͺˡͬׯ뿪ҲԱߵ˵
Գһ£Ҳ˵ʣֻһٵ¾ȥҲ弫Ϊʱ򣬸оЩůôڣϾ˹ĵġ

145½ [ʮ]

ֵɻشϣŸղ˵ĻΪõʷ˵մմϲʱѾ֪ʱ˴ߣֻǶĿҡ
ҾˣʱֵͷԼѨڣˡ
𣿡Ҿƽ̧ͷ
㡭̫ϧԼˡʰ죬³һ仰
ֳƽϵıӣ㵽ֻѰϧӣôҿԶ㽲֪ˡ
ȻƴȵΪλͬ˵齱£šüңдЩߡ
̧ͷҪİ˵ˮǡ
ͻȻֽӵסңĻȴ侲ӵţͬӲʯͷ۾ԽļͷӪſڴ
ݡҵĶĿڣȴδ˵ĶĿڣһӵţ
Եöĳĸоôһʱ䣬ͬǾûкֻǶ۾ŶԷ
ɴ۾ɿң˿ӣ۾Ŀ
ӹ˺ȻѸٵתš
ɫ߸ߵƬ̵֮ӳŷྪֵӶľӣȥʿڴȴһ˲ҲֲסȻ
࣬ôô˽ҲֻǸһҪİ֮˻ŮӣʲôǷʲôһȵôңȴҲֻΪǸİˣҲϲȴܷٵΪ嶯ʱҸжˣ
עʷϣ֮սؾɻƺӣ忹صЪŶԾΧ¹ӱƽ磩ΪϽΪʱԮʾﰲϰϣηǰͱʮ졣ʱ࣬ȱ֮С𵱻ϣһɱ壬ʹΪϽʦϾ,ɹһͨԹĺ,ڹѲ,ʿ,ʿɽõĴֻ,ƳԷõ,ֻ,ʿǸ,ʿ񣬴ؾƸ۴ʵ)
ʮһɱ壬ѰΪϽʾɺӾ¹

146½ [ʮ]

ʮһµһ죬һⲻ߳Ѿ˺üӪʣʷϴ˵ʵûʲôͷ˰ɫһЩСȥɧˡ
ҴҴɾƤúõɹ̫ԼϵùʱһϸСԱߴ˹
㡭㡭ϤٵŤͷͿһ׵糾Ķߡ
ûоκε˼һȻݺݵɿ֣һȵĲڵϡ
㡭ô˭ġ֪֪ǾӪʱҪ̣̾ʱ˵ģ㶮𣿡ǿѹԼǻǼһַ߿ߺġ
㡭㡭˲մȾĳϽסҵĸ첲ңұͷݺݵİ˦
㡭ųҵ䡣
Ҳŵ棬ڴڵĴȻѸٵתָ㵹ǲǳԴҩˣǴŲܵ㡭˵ֲ֪ô˵ˣֻһĴڴ
㣬ôУֻǲҪߡֻ硭ֳҵĸ첲е˵ţ۾Ҳ˳
տͬǣҼǸѹҸλܰ磬ԽҲԽѹѹԼãʲôҲֻ࣬ҲλǰΪıߣǧ߳ȴԸеȥ磬ֻϣܿúõġµĿ޵ҽűߣҺݺݵı۾
Ҫ˵Ҳ֪˼ǲܵģԴһұ֪ˣֻǵΪ֮ͯʱҲһ˼ϲȴ𣬵ҲδϣֻǺԽԽҲ⣬ֻвͬһǰԣֻĬĬţͣΪĸͣȴһֱ׷龹Ҳǰѽ
ӡǷӡҺݺݵ˦תӪ
һ·СܣҾ͵ӪʣûҲʲôͨҾֱȥһʾͿһϯǰ

147½ [ʮ]

ǰеƽ͡
㣿£ҵĳ㹻ɣȴûκε˿ûУ
ɧ;⣬ȴûиϸµӣǲףѰһŮϣϣܰｫ£רĴء
԰գһʱ˽
һڰϵ۾һ¹£硭
㡭ɴ۾ңֻƽĿ
ã˼ĳлˣĳŮӰ롣ѸٵĴӰϯ󲽵ǰһѽӵ࣬۾ȴһֱҵŭ𼸺Ҫۿ˺죬˲ŲһƬģ
Ҿڴ˹ؽô˼ˣŮЩˡҵЦŶһ֣ȻƽӳӪ
ʮ³ӢѽԼɺӽؾӢѽսܿؾⳡСʤ𿴵ؾڡºƣץסʱȫؾʱսͬˡóԵ̬ע⡣[ע1]
ʮ³壬ʰŶȥѰʱȴͻȻսϣὣܳ⣬ͿĻ춯صսӪ
󽫾ȫƺӽԶԶ˴ѸٵĽڱڵӪȥŷӪѾڣһҲ԰ӪǺģ¹Ӧɡ
ŷҪȥȴּӪͼ֮ĳӪֻһȥ룬Ҿͱһܹıһѣ˶顣
˽̤ţôҾ⣬ܶ˼еļųһʱǧˤͣӿ˾ͻ㣬Ǳ˶Ĳ㣬ǻԣ˻ΪǰĳȵˤˣˤڱǰôǺܺõģֻûѸٵôܿܺͻиǰϣֱΣȻ¾ͺ¶ۣˣˣҲģ
ǰ濴ͷ濴βȻ֪Ҳظһȥʲôƺӣǿ󿴲ͷܲǰıʱͣһᱻ˲ûа취ҲֻøһܣȻܵԽԽûоؿڴˣֻܼŶȫǰܡ

148½ [ʮ]

һﻹϺڣڵѧУǧ׵ʱԼ͵浽Ҫʱ򣬾;ʦǾ䡮˶Ǹѽ
Ҳ֪˶ãֻ֪ŶͽҸоǰѣȴĴˮ
ϴ죡ڴǰ溰ţȴ˲ãŬĲ뿴ı˱Ƚ٣ҼȥֻоǰĶԽԽҲԽԽ곤ܱ֮һЩ׹ˣҿĹܣҪݿˣ
˻赹ˡԼǺԶи
ܶϴһ仰һſЦóݿ˹ȥεϣģһǶôϣʱٵ㰮ģ
ˣˡű˺ҵһˮ¶ҾͱǺˡԺ۾ͿһȦΧԼҿһϣоŵϵҡΣˮ֪Լڴϡ
ԭΪĸֵܣǸŮӡһԴıʧ˵
ŮڽмǽѣͬҲʶǱطŰӪʱ˵һ˵
ˣǵȵ֮ͣӪһʱǣǸ̽ӴϸˡһҲӹͷ
ĸֶԻʡԲƣգ⴬ϵ飬óһͬǾȽҿڴ˿ţ˴ʹӪȷϣǳӪģǾɴӪУ̽ӴϸǾͳ񡣵ȻһǰᣬǾ;ܣһҽᱻϸӱֱɱ
ҼΪƵ¤ԴڴϣԼҵڵϻȦȦ治Щʲô¡
Ŵһǰ㣬ԭͣҡεĴͣſҲһӰ´
˿أҼΪûȤı´ȻһƻͨӪȥһͨ´ҽӪʡ
һӣЩӪʶģʶģȫķǰˡ
һٵ룬ǷӦЩҪǩȫǩʮ׳Ƕɣһֱѹ֪˭˭˭ģڿɶǻἯһѽǳӪߵĸɽȫˣȴû˼ǾơԴѹûƵлع

149½ [ʮ]

ҵڶɺ֮ʱִŮ˽ӣǲǷǵӪ̽ӣǰ뻰
һֱͷͷң˻֣ȷҾӪ֮ˣȥɡ
ǡתҵˣ
ş̧֣̌ҲתӪѹʹ룬ΪˬĥĥǸãҪ𣿺˻˶ֲ壬Ĳͷģûӣ
԰գҲȫһ˵۾ǧһ̧ͷһһ̧ţһľӪĻϣΪһӪʱûϵӣ
ݺҽʱһӪʵĽȫ˶ݺݵĶϵںһڣҪ֪ЩĿɶʵϵĽ
PSǰļڶ̫ˣһССĸַٺ٣쿪ģ
գһʱԱص߶ţϰҵİͽ
ӽ
ҵϲתߵ߷סң㣬ˡ
ˣǿӲЦԼͷŷԼ첲һȫʹһˤʵѽ
¶һЦ㣬ôӪʱѰأЩϴָڻƺӰˡ
ɹЦţҴˡʵЩϴ˸飬ҪǲϴҾͲٴˣˤȫʹ
۾͵͵ɨһϵĽЦŶ㲻ǸȥɣԼϢͺˡ
ԥһ£һЦ⣬ǽͺЩʱҴ̽
ҸϽͷȥɡ
ˣҶȻת˳ȥ
뿪Ҳ˲ϵʹѸٵϵıӴЬӣȥϵĶнŲΪ˻룬͸ϽϴӸϡ
ӡһŸ󲽵˽
ɴ硣װ˯۾Ѹٵӡ
ӣЩϡȴҲ˵ʲôֱӽǸҵϣҴһװľһЩ֮ĸ

150½ [ʮ]

ɴ磬⡭ҲĿѵ֪Ҫߣ
ûж˼ҵС˼ֱԵΪʿ˴ĸÿֻҳ˶ɺӵĴҪʱؾ֮ڲؾȡݣҪȫ¹֮ء
Ƹۣѿڶ
һ˵ͷǣѽҲսĺݾȴͷһţ˵д˾
Щ׹ˣָ񶪸ҵĲǡ
һĸţǽʱս²ɣҸȥ
ô죿ҾĿ
¶һЦݣǸжսϾģЩͲΪ**ˡ
һˣԵȻҪ࣬һҪĺˣջȥɡЦŽǲУֽӵ˵ȻҳУȻİգ˵ܴʤء
ʵҪĸһĲֻԼڲˡȻҲռʷγ̵ıˣȻҲǵ̫࣬ȴǵƸ¹֮ս¹֮սǳʤġ
ӡšüҪ˵ȴҵ¡
ִӲóһС¶ƤЦɴ磬Ȱˣˡȴĺůĸˣ֪óһʳҽܣǻ֮һཻ
Ҽ֣Ҳٶ˵ֻ֣ôҲǿ󣬵һ£ҪѰң롣
΢Цţͷл磬֪ˡ
սѽһ£ˣԼСģҹҿ϶ĵͷȻĿӪ
һӪҿʱҲһæ˽
㣬
ٵģҲ֪Ƹ۵£΢ЦŴѾ֪ˣƸۣȡʤ
üε֪ģ
ЦɴѾˡ
Ŷˣͷһֵݸһյĸȫװˣպá

151½ [ʮ]

ҵģЩɵĽӹ
䲻ǾӪұϾǽߵˣŪЩʳǿԵġЦŽ͡
ҿ˵ҲͲƴǣ˳ֽ°壬ڼϸ뵽ңҲͷůůģǽ
㣬һҪȥ׼ˡһҲͿתӪʡ
ǰŸߣҾͿһǻһڵϣӦŵµģ͸Ͻļ׷˳ȥ
Ŵʵķ׷߲Ϳ첽ŵڻȴһżµĸ˳һѽסԭҪҲʶֹסԱߵ档
ѣߡǸе˵ţҲ˾Ȼͯ
磬ҲȥҪһͯŵ֡
ʲôٵڣ𻹶·ôڷɵ
Ҳߣ϶˵
֪֪𣬵ûλã㻹ĸսοأ߰ɣҴȥƽĵطӣһȢġͯѾ˵Щ״ˡ
磬Ҳߣ߰ɣѸٵ˿ͯ
Ƭ̵ĳĬ֮дĽŲܿͯѾ뿪ԥǲҪȥѻʱѾһתǷҡ
񡭡µġεֿЦŽݸ
ϻἣ̧ã΢ЦŽӹеĻҰģֻһֱûܸ
Ϊʲô
΢΢ͷҪ
ҴıҲһ֣ԽĸбŤϽЦһ£ѽҸʵʱǡ
л㣬ˡҼæһתС뿪ˡ
ܿıӰһĸпһΣ֮֮ͯһʷֲʡ
̾һתߣȻֲ֪ʱȻһˣ΢΢һ̧۱㿴
Ϊ˸̾Լأ
Ҳ˿룬ãˣ´սڴУỹڴˡ

152½ [ʮ]

һңȻҲѸת뿪ţƥϵ⡣
ҪסȴֻѾתԶҲֻգͷǴһȴЩˮ͸֮Ķ
һ·˼߻һ۾Ϳ͸ϽŹȥ²鿴ͷûʲôʵĵط˳ֽǰ
ҹսľ;춯ص͵Ĵ֪սˡ
ʱؽºǣԮˣ־¹ϼĳԽΧ¹Ʋָ˿ɳ֮ºפ󷽣һ룬룬ºǰл
ºԮҲǺɱбķɢ˴ؾѨ
ҹһֱӽݣºϢ̴Ԯ֮ƣݴͣº
սٴʱѾʱ֣ҲԥѸٵὣӪֻһСͣĳӪӪ֮ݺݵһȫٱе߸ߵһӪУ
ӪϰӪǰ¹ԮսУΥ߸ɱ
㣡ͻȻĳִң˲Ҷʣҳܡ
㣬Щߡ
أҲ
ͬһȥ¹һţѸٵӦһ
Уһߣҳסұŵӡ
ͣµתͷüĿң㣬ȥѰ磡
㡭ǿһԵߣǻ˵Ļʲô
һ̣֪ǻʲôֻ֪ҿᶨʱôһãȥ
ͬϣǣҲǴ¹·ϳȴɳҲ
˼ʱڿ˽һƬӪʣֻΪ٣ûмǸӪʽҲЩʲô˾ͳ˽ȥ
ʣȴûһע⵽ǵĴ룬ֻһȺ׵ΧӪеǰмһɫ׵ͬɫͷĴͷϣĻҹսµѪԱǱꪣֻΪ̫Ѫգֵ쳣˿ȫעָŰϵĵͼ˵ţ˫Ŀ˸һĹ⣬

153½ [ʮ]


ºҹܣ˿̶׼սΧ¹Щ춼ڷ࣬ȴм٣ֻɢƣǴʱֱɱ룬м䴩壬ָΧԴֱؾӪʣһ£
ãǱƣصһİ壬ԭΧߵĵĽȫϥҵ
ص˺һֽ̧ϵһ˦ֱͦȵվɫصĶŵϵڽãڽԻӪսʱֱؾӪ
ҵȸˣһ֮ڽٵһһӪſһֱԱߵͬԶһ񣬺Ҳ˳ȥ
˿ԱߵˮǰݸȴûȥӣֻǶĶԱߵҡ
ҾĻرܣ΢΢ͷҽ㵽˴뽫ϧȫСŮǡ԰գתӪȴĴϡ
Ҳȥ͸Һúô
ҵŤͷ𣬵𣿡
ô룡ݺݵĵһۣٵԱߵ彣󲽵ĳӪȥ
뿪ҲϽǰסң㣬ɣӪңսֻ´˿̳ȥ˽㡣
ҡҪۣһҲǣʱȥĿɾ߱Ȼ뿪һҲֻʱӪȵлߡ
֮󣬵ʧˤֻʱϢڴ˻¸ȵĵڵϣȴȥһܳӪʡ
ݣɱսǣ룬սʤ
ŶĺЩ˴ʵ˱֧ӣĺţҲɿ˽յָ
ʮѮԭЩС򣬿ʽҲ̼׷رУΧؾ¹ЪӦϣȫĴŻɱūʦɢˣ
ʮѮĵһ죬ӪξԯţҴĺ棬һȥǰĳͷҲŬĳϣȥ
㣬㿴ָǰ濪ڣ˳ָȥͿԯųǽԼǸڳǽϵˣ

154½ [ʮ]

߸ߵĳǽϣһɫףִꪵݵĸֶȺɫڷԶ裬ôڷУĿȵԶߣĿͬһѴ͸һеֱǽµｭɽأһһȻžãһ
ϵ࣬һҽڲƽ常ڶգ˱Ϊػ޵ˮ𣬻ķޱҹް£˳˳˸طˮﰲķ
Ҳôһ˲ӵڳǽµʮ򵹣򽫾ӪСЩڽ͵ŵİա
һǶô죬ΨһĸоֻʣӴռؼе죬֮֮һƬţֻõϸͷĵĴżһƬĿҶµǶࡣ
۲ţ۲šĳӵ洫е˴ĺţһһ飬һһεĳҵĶĤԸоЩԯųǽϵĻҳȫ䵽˵档
صĳУ߸ߵ̧ͷԶԶĿߣûܴǿЦݡ
֪һĿָӣչ֮սǶԵĸ߸վʷļ̨ʼĹԿ裬ǴһĳͶĤвɻͷĿʼ
ʮƸۣؾ¹£Թ
עʷϣΧ룬ؾս֮ɱսǣ²롣䲻ɱʱ¹ʮűڣĪݱأԴӱϹۡսʿ޲һԵʮ죬޲㷿֣ؾټԯţ޲ϥжǰĪӡʼΪϽɡ
ʮƸۣؾ¹£Թ
칦쳣֣˶ĻЦţ˵Ц㣬㣬Լ޴ڵЦӪҪȥˣһж֣Ϊκ˴֮˭뾡ĻЦر֪ĻʴڻĻʣջǻʱֻ飬ֱǺ׵ġΩһĸоǣҪܣܻϵĻ֣

155½ [ʮ]

Ϊȫʤϯ¶⣬ֻ߸ߵĽ̨Ļ裬۵ĴڷҵĻζŻ磬мһѻųϯλһſͽǧϯϣͬࡣ
ԶԶվӪϿ޾ӳҹգһ㣬ҾȻѾˣҾһȵĿ־壬룬ѪֱڣѾʧУһʲôĵģҵʲôʱܻȥҽԶʱУޱߵãͬǰҹɫ޾ͷ
ӡӡĵĳ࣬ҪңȴҵĻš
ҿҵŵӣϽץסվȣɴ硭
ŬѾеĿҪ˯ŵ۾ҡĴѰ㣬㡭㾹ܵˡȡ
ɴ磬ˡҷŬҪվӡ
ӣ֪ҡԴ뿪Ҿʹδ˵ĿĲȵĳߵ£ʹҪջΪ˵ϡ
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ӣı̾̾Ժ˵ţϴЦ⡣
ŬҪ̫Сɴ硭ҷȥˡ
ˣͻӪʡͻȻҲŷֲ֪ʱѾѾվұ
ǡ׵ķϵȥҲĿ뿪ֱǵıӰʧҹĻУҲվӡ
ʲôأֶվұ󿪿ڡ
ûʲôʱӪлʤΣüƽŤӡ
ŤӣȴҲûлشֻŅֶ̀ͷԶա
ȸˡת̧Ҫ뿪ȴϱһӽס
һ
ŤͷԴҾȵԥһջסŲĵ£Ҳ£ҲŷҲȵˣҡӡ
֪ʱ常ܷ񿴵ҹգĿڡȻһʹӿ˳Ŀ⿴ҹգģ˳ɾͣȻϲġ

156½ [ʮ]

֪ʱ常ܷ񿴵ҹգĿڡȻһʹӿ˳Ŀ⿴ҹգģ˳ɾͣȻϲġ
ݣûжһսһжԭģǶãƽ˵š
˱ǷˣƽĻش𣬵ȴζӡ
Ⱦ𣿡µ쵽ǰ
ҿ˿ͣɢ㣬ҡͷҲȾƣƷҲ˻Ʒ裡
лᣬҵƷ衣Ѹٵûͣһڡ
ҵ¶һЦ˵ЦˣҲڽǰơ
Ҳ˵ֻǻһЦͷֺһڡ
ҿŵĺţɫƽĵˣĪҪٺˡ
е̣Ťͷңں𣿹ģ
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157½ [ʮ]

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158½ [ʮ]

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159½ [ʮ]

ոպڣѾʰһжǣţҾߵڵӪʡ
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160½ [ʮ]

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161½ [ʮ]

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163½ [ʮ]

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163½ [ʮ]

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164½ [ʮ]

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165½ [ʮ]

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166½ [ʮ]

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167½ [ʮ]

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168½ [ʮ]

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ŻСĽȴΪ΢Цָİζңһһ£һһеû䣬ֲֻס۽ǵˮϻϸϸǳۡ
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169½ [ʮ]

Ŀȥſڣ˼죬ճĬĬ̾ϢһҲκεĶһ󣬿ҹɫѾ͸Ͻݣȴ**ŵǰһ룬ͻȻһֵľСĵĳеĽᲽĽݣȴǱһͻȻܳӰס˸첲ҵס
ҪУҡǸӰҵĶĿڣԭľҲһͣ
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170½ [ʮ]

Ҹط㣡ٵĶһ䣬׷ԽԽ죬ҲлչҲ˵ݺݵһǰȥҲܿıӰвſıϺȻһֻذ׵ѾȺѪȾƬ
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һһţӲϵĳº͵Цδ˵չоѨһĿտӣҼеҪ
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֪˶ãֻǸоɫѾԽԽǰ·ѾǺڰһƬˣȴҲҲҪ׷ܳ˲ĴдеɽݣʲôҲ
þȫӴĺУҲԵǳ˳ĻͱҵĺʲôҲû
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171½ [ʮ]

㲻㲻ܡŬĲԼޣǻûֹס
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ڵ֮ʱһҪľҪ뿪ЩսҲٳֱŪڹ֮еĸоһһΪ˱ҵˣ

172½ [ʮ]

ʩѡˮͷڶҵ˼άĻعһЩͻȻ˲Ŀ۾ͿһΪҵͻȻ۶Щܾŵ
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ŮʩþԵȥλʩҩЩʱٶ˹ϵ䲻ʲôǴˣȴҲСӣ㻹ǻȥЪϢɡɳֺĵңȴֻǴĶŵ棬Ȼһҡͷ
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173½ [ʮ]

ʩҩˡԵСĵĶһֻţҸϽվȥӹ
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΢ЦֹľϻһĳЦţһӾһˡ
վڴֿЦ̧ҵʾڴ߶£Ҳ̫Ͻ˳ӿŴϵ

174½ [ʮ]

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Ϊŵ̫ãһ˯ĸҲľãһѾǰҹʱˣͻȻһԴˣŴӴȻߵڵСĵƿţŽż߽ߣ˿ϵȻɫǲ԰ףǶͷȻѾûг亹ҲŵĵŽżŻȥ˯
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ΪҲˣչӦġҷҲ̨״¡
ŶŤͷң¶ЦҲԱ¡

175½ [ʮ]

ô֪ºôѰģҲĿĲΪԴϴڶһս֮ûȥҲѰңȴһֱûҵ
ƥԵԼصҹɽҿֻȴ㣬ұ㵣£ɽѰ㡣
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Сһ䣬ָ̨£޵ķ۾ŵϵҩζдЩº͵ζ춼ģֻϸ΢ķͻȻһİģ̹ȻĿԸо崺磬̹İģ
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ҵ˼ţ߰˼һȫӿǶֱָһҵĸ飡ĪԼڵҵôˣѾȫˣһȰҵĵȫģֻҪȥʵ֤ȴѾ˺ľƵһʼɣʱĳǰ˵ԴһȥôһڴϲĹȥ𣿻

176½ [ʮ]

ݣһЩھɺã
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177½ [ʮ]

ҲԵ뻰ҾѾĶԼƷ˳İӣ޳ͬ΢΢һҸ߸ߵü³ġ
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԰գ̧ķһɢҲϵ˿ȻţһȻҵôһδйİ̹Ȼƽʵ㣬ů

178½ [ʮ]

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΢üͷһȥҶѣұȫеҲȫģɺã

179½ [ʮ]

Ǻǡˣ־ڴˣ縶ЩԵ˰ɡҾЦĵȻȴĳʹ
գͻȻ¶һҵЦֻƬ֮Ѹĺã˲ԸĸԸ㿴
һֽ̧һұܵĽУ˿һƬɫŽɵĴ򿪲ģҾͿĵĻһҲԵ΢촽
ΣһȥұȥѰϣˣʢš
һһдһ̣ȷףѾٲǵǸԶҵЦԽҶƤԲӵſѾȫĳΪһռߣǽɽǳأģУͬսĽһ㣬ΪֻҪĽⳡս֮õֻһƬѪȸǵǼ֣ҲͬһսֻҪܽ࣬ȻǸӲĿտǣҲ᲻ֶΣ
ǡǺǡЦĴеĲڵģ֪ѾȫץסҵߣҵߣҲܷģһ˱ץסʱ˵棬޻֮
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ת·ڸʧ֣ı۾΢һּĿ·ζգȻתȥ̧뿪ʧԼˡ


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180½ [ʮ]

ض꣬³ºº֣ɳʷ˾Ը߲Ը˾֣߸ºıءºԼԼδ֮º档ºԼºΪӺ
Щº֮£ºֻϺһʼҪسͥȴԸΪֻһȨֳиɽΪжݣﻹ˵ؾܹһֻ֮죬ºҲسͥԮѸתͶҲΪسнĻ˧ͺºΪӺһ˫濴ҲǽԴϲ
ĩٶȻصӪʱפһؾԴ**һפڻƺԱʱִһسѨȴһ֮ϢԸɱض
ЩԭТػʵĳӣĻ䣬ԸȡسͥԵƿȨԸΪԼʤ˷ʱҲζسѾʵս޲ʤӵأʾųصѾ£һۼĳ׷׿ʼı·𵱻ؽξ輰ʷ˾ΪϽؽٴεǴ׳εسԱдһ
ʱǧη
һգվڱڷɳ۵Ļƺӱߣǰĺһˮʯ̬ʾ磬ĺˮϵĴҽµʯͷܸоЩʯͷźˮĴ΢΢ҵЬѾˮʪϵĺˮķдźӷ紵һƬ
ۣŬεԴͷǳǺˮԼӵĺˮʲôҲ塣
˵ƺӵӻ㼯ɣһ峺һǣӻ㵽һǻƺӡ֪ʱѾֶͷɫӧڣŽ尵ƶԽۣϵʯĿ΢΢̧ԶԶŻƺˮ棬ʢȻţԼ˸ֱӵİ
΢΢һЦȴҲͷлָ̣
ߵվ΢΢Ĳͷңü壬ѾȥֻҪϣܿͻϢ
ɵЦ棬Ҫл𣿡
㲻˶ңֻ࣬ͬһУ

181½ [ʮ]

ɵЦ棬Ҫл𣿡
㲻˶ңֻ࣬ͬһУ
תӿ𣬿֮ڸһЦ˴ûʲôԭΩһԭ˭Һãұ˭ãǷ˭ģͻ˭ģԳԵֻ£ͬʲô㽵ºѾǷ㣡
󲽵ĿңͷϸĶϵÿһƤǽ˶ѣ
̹Ȼ̧ͷ۾ǵġ
͵Ŀҵļͷ˫ĿȵĽҵһ˫Ŀҵ˫ĿĺصҵϣĽëҵĽëֻôһߵľ룬˵һ飡
ûͬǷңһһֵ˵ڣ۾㡣
˵ѣҪƭң³֣ͺݺݵĸͷҴǶ
һźʼУֻܸǿĽѾշתҵ£֪ȡʤӣȻִӻгһ䡣
΢΢һĮڣſҡ
ĶȻֹͣ˿ӵͷ䣬Ϳǰҵذףذڻشӵӿʱҷãȴвҷ֣
һŵĵͷеذף˿Ȼ󻺻̧ͷң벻벻
ĵ˺󼸲ȻѸٵ˦תЦЦ˵ĺȴֲֻٴЦջǵвǱӿĻƺˮȫûˮУźۼ
ıӰʧұѺģһƬתǰذصӰУȻԥĴתֻǷԼµ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôһͬߵһô໥໥ϧʱǶδҪԷһδεʱమˡǵȨ͸ѾУǶΪʱȴѾһԹżһһε˺ԷΪʲôҲף
£ء

182½ [ʮ]

ǣûסĸϣؾǣס˵ǸСԺӣǸԺðģҲûж˵
㣬Ϊμֲסأ˶ෲ¶˾ź򡭡һ߰ҴɨĻҳһڵѯʡ
һ潫ڴߵĹһߵ㲻ع̫࣬¾ȻظɣԼԡ
Ťͷ˿ң㲻˵㲻ˣҰʰٻȥ
ô껹һɿ˵ӣԵ߻һ΢Цûб䣬ǸСһ˼еĶ£¡
ôЩ꣬ĴƮѨȴʼղңǲɧģ㣡
һϽҡͷﻰĺãģǽ㣬Σ˵ܸڽϣͰѽ㵱ҵĶˣҵ׽㡣
ůů¶һЦս֣˼ףֻǡ˵գ죬ȴû˵˵кã뿪뿪ˣϲ˶˵Ҳֻա
Ҳ˵׷ʣֻʲô
ǣЦЦûʲôֻҪø˾ͺãԹָ䣬ΪһึҲǲɣİ֮ˣк¿ɾ壡
ƺû̫ҵ˼䲻̫׽˵£֪㶨еģˣ
ЦǺǡ㻹Ǹӡ
ЦţͻȻվӣʲôƵģ⣬սҪҪȥ׼ˣЩСĳ˴ɾͲˡ
ЦһͿһţһʵʲô
˵ҪȥҴҵӦһ䣬͸Ͻ̧Ųš
ҺЦĿϳٿٵȥתţȴͻȻ뵽ղŵĻȻһѾǾ˫İ̬ʵԼģһֻǳŹǵĳУ¹ȡʤ֮ʱ˳ȴ빬⡭

183½ [ʮ]

ҲȥѸٵĳȥǣȻڳйķȥֻϣԼĲ²ֻҵĶ룡
ˡҴŸյйǰǽԶԶѾдĹΧһȴȴɫ·һɫǹһɫϵۣȻҾҾھӪȴڹ⣬һΪ٣ʱһ
ҪҽȥҴĺţҵȻ֪ЩСҽȥֻġ
ڴΧ֮һȣ
οΧ߽ͬŵ˾ׯ΢΢ɴ۾ңڻңʾ
ݹׯʶҵģϾһȰҵĶˡ
ׯϹ
˻ȥׯӦһЩΧҲ˺һȦҲŽ
ҹˣǡׯĿң΢΢һЦ߽ȻδӦʱѸٵƵɰνĲӡ
Щԭ˿ΪʣһȫΧеĽȫָңвׯ̫
һׯŵĵطţһׯĶߵӣҲǲѶΪ֮ҽ
㡭ΪΡׯŲҵĲӺˣΪ⡣
ûʱӽֻͣұ빬ˣ
ׯȻýŲӣŬĲ۾ңвҽ˹Ҳǳġ
ҺЦһ͹ӷģҼȻҴȥҲû¡
㡭ׯһ˵ʱ
ׯңѸٵĳЩԾԾԵڣǿÿҾһɱǵĽ԰գҹĽϵĽׯĲӣЩŵ˺һ󲽣ȴûзҵΧ
Ҳ֪ôׯʱͻȻԱվ˳¡¡˭˲£ձǱͽ
ͻȻЩŵһһҾѸ˺󣬱Ͼ˭ҲׯΡ
ۿ·˿ˣȴǲҷſеׯһôЩ˾ͻһӵϣ˵ָһûͱǴж˿飬һֱׯô˹Ҳ߲죬Ǹ鷳

184½ [ʮ]

ΪʱׯͻȻڣ£ȥ
΢΢һֻЩҾȻҲһľǶ˵֮⡣
жɲܳҲׯ
ׯ¶һмЦӦ㣬Իȥ
ׯһ˵Ҳٶ׷ʣԸжҲжǣҲǲƭҡ
ˣлɿׯ֣΢΢һͷҲ˲ÿɫѸٵתܡ
ݹСĻңұеĽֻͣоиӰѸٵԼ࣬ͻڷƸ󡣡
΢΢һͷ¶һЦ˵ٶܿұҪ죡
ƸȻҲ֪ĪΪʲôҪڷƸ棬ΨһֵøлģΪйҶȥƸ·ģǻط˸֪ҲҪѺܶʱ·ġ
Ƹ£һֻɵķڷзදһڷƸʱһʱ̰ȥģʱϲ죬˿ȴȫûȥѸٵ̨ףǼŻȥ
ģû˿شҲûУһҲԣڵĵλ˭ҶոƥֺҪ
ѡҾƽ͵ȥţȴͲסＱУſ򷢳ص
ĪҲ˼ŵʱѾĪ˳Ŵ򿪿ԶǰĪʱµĻȫϡ
ĪͬԶͷϰһӵΧ壬Ա߷һֻľ
Ŷ룬ҪӵȻͣڰգĪҲһ˲Ц
ҿĪЦŹȥ鿴ȴͻȻ˵Ŀ𣬡Ӯˣ𣿡
Ҳվӣ۾ҵʣһӮˣܲ
ĪͷһϵΪȻЦ֣ҸϽֵ֣ɣ
һҼӣ˳־ͽеĽһѩ׵Ľָؿڡһг֮ҵҲһıնƥеģèҪǷҶжӲûСǽѾָȥҪջѾˣҲۿĪƵĺǱƣԽһᵽף㲻Ī

185½ [ʮ]

ݡĪĿңҲ˲ĿЦǵڹʹҵĻѣһ᲻ǰƴ
˵ᡣĪҲ¶һ΢ЦһĬ޼䡣
ҲͬĪһЦʱԾ˵ٶȣѸٵϵͷ¡
㡭еĽһأʶǰеѾȫºֻ˲ס۾
ǻһЦǰһͷΣǷˣ
԰գһ˦䣬󲽵תţ
ûһȥʱĪѾڱǼ¡
ûϲľתͷִ֮Լ׳գҪжܺȵôɾȻңҲҺȣԼһˣʷҲû˵Ծѽ
ûûƴƴĸԴ濪ʼһֱղţͲͣýָŵвⶼʲô¶ѽ񾭽źѸиҸһϵĽҲʲôһϡ
⻰ѲɻӦǱƸҺȲźãĪЦҲԱߵĵ£ҴЦ⡣
̧ͷһۣ֪˵ʲô˼˵ңҷŻǰĻ㡣
ĪϵЦ𣬴ĿҰΣŻڣ֪żʱжˣҲңֻΪݱˣҲ
ҲϵˣЦ⣬ɫҽʱЦ˵Ӯˣô£
ĪһʣһҴģ֪ң᲻ð
Ҿ۾ô֪һȡֻͨĽأ
ĴģֻҪϲˡĪЦŻشң˼ͬʱȻ뵽һˣȻһ
ûأ׷ʡ
ĪЦˣٻ۽ΣΪˣұҪڽҹٴλ
ľһãһ㡭ǡҾЩ˵ˡ

186½ [ʮ]

ûӦֻҪҲ£Ѫǣ㣬޺ˣʲô󲻹ġֻûǵǳҵϡ˵ţĪ΢΢һüͷ
㡭ǡǵͷҡҽͰ͵˵ţȴǺ£˽ȨѹҵϣǷûˣǻΣҲ룡
Ϊʲôô૵߶š
ĪۿһۣΪӦñأȴҡգͣһ£Ī¶һЦһȻ˫ֵԺڵϣеһֻżһֻϥϣΪʲôֻ֪Ӯˣˣ˵ĪĲͷԱߵϵҡ
ҿֱڵϣһģﲻԵһůĪǸĪȴЦʲôӣʱ˽үɨأ
ĪۣΪȻתͷأһ£Ťͷңֳ㣬Ժδ㣿
ͷһϵЦҲЦˣ̾˿Ҳǽղ㣬Ҳһܳ˵ģҲˣĻأ´£наɡ
Ǻǡ㵹ԽˣֻЩƹˤζĪЦſҡ
ҸЦһܰɡȻô죿ֲɣ
أδ㣿תۿĪĪϵЦȥβҡҡͷ಻֪ѽ
ĿĪһͻȻĴӵĪҲͻȻ𾪵ϽҲһվɫŵĿңôˣ
Ҿŵһҡĸ첲ʣռţ
Īšüͷ䲻֪ΪͻȻӦңվ³
Ǿ˵죡ҸϽĽӿڣ¶˷ܵĹ⣬Īǲˣüͷšһ𣬵ΣѲԼˣ
ԼˣҪףŻճף
ŻĪϵıȻһգһ
Ī֪Ż㵱˵ҪȢ˵СŮʮ꣬һ˼ΪдˡϦΪľԵһȴܡҼææİԺͬŻĶԻĪªһ㣬ָϸ

187½ [ʮ]

⡭ĪԽ˵ɫԽأֻǴߵϯλϣһҲ
ַ߽ļͷĪȥѰɣǸֵŮӣĪҪ
ΣĪų̾һ벻Ҿô࣬ʮˣҾʮ꣡
Ķһļ磬ڻüȥѰ֮ǰҵߡ
Īģ́ͷü𣿡
ҸϽͷüüֻҪģͻü
棿Īһ´ϯվŵĵɴ۾˺һȴһٷһֵĸˣĪﲻںŻֻŻ̫Īֲϲ˰ŵ·һֱŻû˻ԼŻҪ˸Լĸо
ŶˣĪׯҴ仰㣬ˣ㵽ȥɣǿԿǡָϽĲ䡣
Īԭһļˣ˵֮ͻȻƽȻ󻺻ǻһЦתеĿ⿴ҵҰΣŵݣɷұһ£
һĪȴΪǶ룬ЦŽͣ⣬ʵҸ뿪ʱұ֪ûаģֻ롭
ĪĻڣѾӵĪַ̧ҵıֱȷʱӵסҡ
Ǻǡ֪һֱ£ԸˣǺǡĪҶ˵ţȻһЦʱѸٵɿңͷҲصܳ˷Ƹ󡭡
Ҿ߳Ƹ󣬿ĪӰʧڹǽžһ˳һЦ֪һʮŮӣεҸʮ괼һƣҲʮնǿ࣬гһգƲٿ࣬Ҳǹ򲻸ˣгĿҲ˼ֵ
̧ͷյϸ£ظĳһϸ¶ЩЦ⣬ȴȥԲأֽȥδӣ
תطƸ󣬴ӵϼԼĽջؿУĿϵ̣ڰɱѷ֣һʱһӴϣŷַΧȣȻѾ塣̾Ϣһ㽫ӷŻУָһɣӾҽУԭһȫɢˡ

188½ [ʮ]

Ī뿪ĵڶգػػƺԱĴӪһֽڹµ˼ά˼֮У·ϻǾΪͬĪҵĶľ֡ҲˣĿֻڳѾΪһʱԳ߾ٵĴ죬ȥóһֱռλǸݣóԼ뿪⵱ȻĽ֡ģҲֻǸӰɣʽռҪ̽ңһ㣬Ƕһ˫ķκ˶ܾ
ⳡģˣĲһˣң̾иԵʱȴѾεıãװ˵Ϊľǰʵ̽ҵļƻһ򵥴ĴҵȴҲֻˡ
ҡҡλεһûһµĲӣڶߵĲ죬ҲӣֻΪ£ܵĻţ۾ҲԵɬǽŲ˿
㣬˰ɣЩˮǰۻЦŵݸһˮ
һ̧ۣ΢ЦģЩԭѵʺĻջû˵ǿ¶һЦӹˮһڣȴˮĴ˸顣
õʲôҵݳˮ
΢΢һ㶣Цͷֻı۾ȴҲ𻰣Ѿõ˴𰸣Ҫ
ԺúչԼŬĵЦֱȻֱһǣ첽Խǰ뿪
ҿԸоĿڱ׷ҵ뿪۹ὥʹںޣ뵽ӣҼûлͷҲҲң
ʮ40Եأϡ
ʮµѾ΢΢Ź侢رƽԭӪӪһȥУׯҲѾ꣬ϵҰѾݻƣȴһЩȽǿֲ꣬ʵһȥȫƬĲߣ
ӣ죬ĺء죬һֻСЦߵߣҲŻعŤͷ¶һЦãֲʲô

189½ [ʮ]

ȿھƣůůֽǾ͵ݵǰҵͷ˿ԥһ£ջֽӹĺһڣΪʲôȥ֪ҲֻȺܵ͵ģЩʧֵͷĺڡ
ɲܶȣˣҺһھͲţϽǰ͡ȾƵģֲǰˮšüңȴûһ
ﰵһЦҵȻǻҼҲǲ͵ģ־ƾ͵ģСˡ˵ҲǳڶҵĹģԵᣬ¶һЦ˵Ժ󲻻ˣ
ϴҲǸˣǳӪȥһء԰գԶԶһߣֽӵҵгɣҲǸ뿪ʱˣѾǣ죬Ҿ뿪Ӫ
ô죿ҾȻŤͷ˵֮־òԣʵȥºʱǾԼˣֻΪıһϣ뿪ҲǼ£ϾĵĿ࣬ǲ˵Ҳܴüп֣뿪ҲǺ¡
šҲ˵ã䡣
ʲô˰죬ڰס档
ҵʻ̾˿ŵЩֵǣ֪ǻĴƮѨĹ»꣬ѾͶ̥Ϊˣ
˳ĿҲߣÿ˶ÿ˵ȥǰܵԼȥĵط˻ɻȥˣȥȥĵطǱӦǿĵģֻҪģֺαؼƽأ
γĬֵ֪𣿵ҴȥλţĶҵĸͬūսʱΪ˾ңҵһȴ˶ǰʲôֻҲҪ£һֱţҴΪչšЩȻߣÿҶȥţʵѰҵĸףӪҶҪΪϾТ
΢΢Ļûйâ۾Ըġ
΢΢һЦĿɻصߣҲٿڶ׷ʣһ˻ʱϣܰƷģǿ
Ѫжŵ໤棬֪УռһҪĸ飬Ѿĵ׵һĴ磬ҵֻƬϸСôԸӵĸһݹػ޹鰮ֻΪģھ˰飬õʧȥ֮ΩһҸоϲοģٻһǿůҵģСĿݸ飬ҲϣҲܽܣΩһůܵ˺

190½ [ʮ]

ʮѮӤ𵱻ϣѸֱ·ȴٵıҪͣ٣𼸺κأ𲻹˳ƣո·Ϊ⣬Ŵףԭ֮ں֮иͷԼǾĶȽפΪ˲˱ƣĳΪ˾ǵһѽΣ
ǣŪˣʱҲͬ˸Ц·̵ʱϢ湫ƽأȴûפǻϣԼ
Ȼʧ׿ƣĶ飬ʱ˷ѽԼľҲղסݴͣ͵ӪϢգսפϣ
ͣ£űæӪʣϣǴСŴţҲסͱĲ˯˯ԺʱͻȻоһҾۣҪȴ־
Σ۶֡
Ҳҵָۣڱ˺ңǲҶ֣Լ
԰գҲ࿴ңתһѾõӪȥ룬ջǷ˹ȥ
ۿ˿ʵʶûãȴͷʹãҲ׹ʡ
˾ԼԱлĶһ仰ȻҲתڰǰַ̧鿴
Щ㶵Ŀ˿ͷ𣬳Ƭ̣ջǵֲס⣬Ϳе۾
Ҳ֪˶ãЩˮнŲʣҾӣĴһŷӪѾȫˡ
Żڰǰǣȴ֧ŶͷѾ˯šҲδúϢȴøң뵽˴кܶĹͷ̲סһ̧´Աߵı죬ϣֻԥ֡ˣѾĲֺαٶݾȻҪͱκһ˿ȣѣǸã
΢΢̾ϢһŻϣȻ᳡̧ţһű㿴ⲻԶҴ߳΢΢һ㶣ȶɫĲȻˡ

191½ [ʮ]

ƽ߹࣬˵һ䣬˯ˣȥɡȻĿбӵԽᲽ뿪
һҹǳ˯δ˯ǰѰ˯ԺǲͣΣȴʲôҲûε֮һƬ飬Ҳ͵Ӫȫо۵ǲò֧ӳӪϴһ£ȥ磬ȴײҲιһƥתܿȴûܿΪҺȻ֣ιľȻš
ôҲ˲ֱӿʵ
ûʲôתͷһۣҵģ˵ң
һ˵ȥºʱЦ˵ҳ˳ǣͰ͸λ󽫣ȴȻЩ⣬ҲǲΪˣ
˯ĲãһĵеĲмһµĿڡҲŴлعлģã
԰գתߣȴĻס˽Ų
ȻҪģΪֿƣĵǣΪּ֣
ҽµĲͣͣ벻СУǵʱָ˱죬ôС£ˣҾͶʽһ䣬ʧָ˱죬Σ
䣬ȻоһѾӱֽҵΧס֧ҵԺ󣬺ȵ˽ڣаѹҶߣһᵱҪ㣬Ϊ㶯ˣﻹҵģ
һһŬ¶һЦ΢΢ͷҼھлᣬҪǿ𣿡
ԣҵԺ̧ӵҵ˫Ҳҵ룬˺һĿ⳰Ūߺ޵ĶŤŵĲڻƺӱߣذ׵ңڣȴˣⲢͬҪֻѾȫںĮӣвķӴĵģ
Դ󷽵תһŵЦһ׼ļ񣬵仨ϧȡǰˣô꣬˼׵ģһֻԼĥָʯͷβ˶ȡһأ͵ݴ򽫾˵ýס

192½ [ʮ]

ǳЦԽԣЦֻȴһȴҸϽ۾ȥ
ôҿˣ㲻Ϊʲôֱҵ۾Ҫ֮ӣŬҪ𿪣ȴ޷ֻܱ۾ȴûסһỬա
ãоϱȻأҲ۾ȴָҷŵǵᣬü۳еĿҡ
һᣬҴӦ㡣
԰գѸٷݺһһ·ɳص뿪ҵߡ
ĳһˣĲӲ֧ûеȥָϽĨϵۣ뿪ȴֻģǵӺ
Բ𡭡㡭Բ𡭡ԥһ£ջǺݺݵı۷󲽵ɱ뿪
ϰ֮Ҳ˲˯һֱ˯ڶգͷɢɢ𴲣ҲףԼڵĵطǰڴ˰õĸڮ䲻ǳд٣ռӽµķʵأҲմˮԺȻڻ£ѵõĵشõ
С㣬ʳҪЩ𣿡һźСѾͷСѯʡ
ҿһۣʮ꣬Сĺµģƣͻ˻ʾⲻãֵʲô֣
һʣС̵һ¹ڵϣӦūԣƽն౻˳Լū澱Ϸ˵Ůӳ֮ұ˸
˵СģŲǺһôСҵʱ򣬲Щɣ㺦¡ֿ˿ϻûжĵģָŵЩȥɣҲϧˡ
һ˵վӣһӹ򵹵ϣһлҽ˺ü̧۾գգ͵߽һķŽһСڣζּԣͿʼڴڵĳҿǱĳ࣬ҲɵһЩԼǰģ΢΢ЦЦҲ;ԵĳڸڮתתתתҲ͵˴Ŵ뿴ɫҲŲ̧ųš

193½ [ʮ]

С㡭С㡭˻ңɻΪѵǲԼʱѾ˫ҵĽСŹˡ
С㣬ңСŴŷɡһ˳һ߹Ľ˫ַϡ
С죬ҵЦŽӹ֪ҪţʱȥѲ㷽һֱиң
Сŭū֪ūֻǿСĴߣǲ˴ţԶԶĸںͷҿС㶢ŴкһСȥԲűطȡ˽ūū澸˵ţһڵϿͷһĵıһ졣
ҲֻǾ䶺Ļǵ棬ϽĶҲֻǾЦص棬ԺҲҪ¹ͷ˾Ҫվֱӣ˶ǰ
ƶģ́ͷһСĵĿң̾ϢһôŮӣǹܹ̫࣬ˣԺ͸Ұɡ
лֹ£ֻ΢΢һۣ׹ˣֻǾζ˶˸ҲЦŵͷʾͬһȥߡ
С㣬Ǳǲ¥ǲ̣ǱǮׯϾĸµģϵĸϤĺܣһ·ָţҲǶ
ŴŶǸѡʱͻȻ͵һ˾ײҼұײһ򣬿̫ԭʰɣܷӦ̧־ͳһָҿ޿޵ʱеĽӦءֽ̧סԼҪе죬ȴһӾ˳ģ
˴˵طһĴԭʱѾϽҳԱߵĽֵȥҲϽϵĽСŸ
һ·ĵˮڽţƵֺСϣĵĻϲ;ȫطϲãͽٺ۵˷ܣҲҪȥģҪʲôֻһ·ܵͣȴֲ˱ˡ
ķ꣬ҵϣطΩһˣͬʧɢôıʹ춼ˣǵ֪ܻʱôһֱдδҪѰԼΪ𽻻ڳǰˡ

194½ [ʮ]

һеȴСԺ䣬һŮģӭ˳񣬣ˣ
ˣҾŴ죬˲ԼŲδͣŤͷ
񣡡ԵӦһ䣬ҽһӣȻѸٵİŹϣƵ¡
Ҹһ£ֵҲ˫ַĵĸ첲۾ϸϸĴͷŵĴһ飬ƶԽ䣬ɫͷһֻ򵥵ӶסȻһװ磬Ưȴһû䣬ģ
ģڼˡʲôҲ룬Ҵһűģһȵѹ˼ȫһſŵѨһֱĿնȫο
ЦҵıӵҵļͷôˣˡʵҲʵһƬˡ
ӵſãҲͣ˵˷£ңڳӪߣҲһֲª˵ţȫҼǵǸûκνٵģҴûκܡ
û뵽꣬ǾѶô£㡣̾ϢĿڣķϵۣҸϽ֣ʣ⼸㶼ȥˣĺŶˣأǿأ
񡭡һʣȴβֽӵʱ㶪ˣ֮ûѰ
ˣظһ飬ʱһʧʧֲĸ˸ˣһȵϣԼǰҾͿԻȥھ֮ԽԽȷԼ⣬ҿʼԼǷҪȥУεĻȥ֮ÿÿ֮ҵľᣬòϣȻһȵĻرãһ޿ɱֲܼܿ϶ĸԼԳһֱԼ˼ִ֮У񲻼ˣҵľһӿҿĶԼҲȥһزȥ
ˡǾͶ˰ɡǶ˵ҲǶԼ˵˵̧֮ͷȥ֮˭㣿ȥˣĺ𣿡
һʣǻһЦҡ

195½ [ʮ]

ȴδڶ˵һĸסһͷ˫СŮ˽˽ĵĻĵɴ۾ҲȲŽʱǸŮΪˡ
⡭⡭ָĻСŮ˵ĽͰ͡
һӵСŮڻһİϵۻ࣬ϸĿůůĿŻˡ
ûŮĲЦ̧ͷңֶ˵Ҫء
һһ־Լ̫࣬ıҴʮ꣬ʱѾʮţִʮδҲֻǷʱѾǴ䣬˵꣬ǳ޵ģʮ꾭ĸĶˣڼӣİ֮ˣҲΪˡ
Цֵ˵ֶཱུգЦŵ
ֶ˳ھͽ˳˵ЦֻûҲûʲôõġ
һ߼ֶҲ̧ͷھЦ˾䣬ұǺηʥۼҷ˴Խò˫ȫСϥ¼ޣ
˵֣ԭϵЦȻĽסеĸоɾ档
Ҳŵ̧ͷ΢ЦͰ͵ʣ㡭˵
ţǡ̩Ȼ΢ЦţҵȴǺһը죬ʷ׹ԾദǴ۸ӵľ𣬶ȴѼΪΪ
㡭⡭ⲻ̫ܰɣʷҲǵչصķˡҳɵ˵ţȴҲȷϾǰ֪һᴩʱգ֪ƴҲıͱѽڳȴ֪ŵʷϸڲһ֪
ʵ˵ʲôȴϱһͻȻڵŮ澴ϣü˻ţɺͳ
Ůƺģ̵һ͹ڵϣͷ͵͵ѹڵϣūлԷ˽
ĵɫһҲ˵
ŮȴҲûֱӵĿڣǳɵңǹȴְסٶȴŮ澵˵

196½ [ʮ]

湫ȥ磬˵Ҫ湫Ե֮ϲȴ湫СŮ澲˵ţһӴϵͷǸȦɧ³ϣԳֱռ࣬ȴִǿǴ˴һ£湫񲻾ϯȥȰ˵
ŮɹڵϣӦͬѾȰˣ湫˵ȥнǰѹһͻᶼϣʿȫҪڴ˵ء
ǰҪ𺺾һȥ湫ҲΪвƣǺá˵Ľ߶ţϹ򵹵ŮҲǲİͷڵϣҲҶ
ͷһֱǰֻӪУĶǹڷصս£ʱȻ·࣬ԳɾƣسѾ֮ս˭շǲӮңǲſԵӱ£
Ľⳡͳսٴһȫµ̬ͬѣѾ໥ĶԽɽȨֻвͣĽԼвɱȡһʤֱ˸ҶԡվڽɽǰһеһжҪ
һȻ˳µĳΪһͳİֻȴ룬Ȼ֪ԼûפѸ˳ǶȻʱľԶԼȴһӲˣǲǻвҼ֮˵ۼҲһ֧
̡һų鷢ʱͻȻһӹǰŵվϽȥȴҵȴһӾ˳ŵݡ֪֪ҲӦ㣬ʵ벻ķˣ飬ڳӪҰɣˣˣ˵ȻҪҿͷҸϽİӵϷ
ģұ㣬ôܸҹ򣬶֮Ҫ𣿡ȻʱѾ꣬¹ʱѾ˾ռ㴣ǶĵĹȴôʹͬһһƽȵۣҪöĳ¹

197½ [ʮ]


ĽĿҵֿۣģݣˣң
ҪôʲôҲ֪ĵļˣҲżˣȴһƬңģôˣҪô죿Ҳۿĵʹ޶޶ԣô죿Ұôζʲôʲôһ֪
ݡȥӪҪȥҲͬһ𡣡İҵ۵ķʹٵᣬҷı㣬һͬʱ֪ǰˣûκεܾҲûܰհΪѾһʣҾرܾ𣬱Ϊҵ֮ҾͿٲͨˣһҧҧ뿪ȴƫм޸һεĲòµһݾ
ʷӮҡҾŻοġ
ҹܲʲôʷֻ֪ΣգĵĿѾֹסȴֹס
ĸסһֱԱߵֶǰַĵᣬȴֻһ̱ڵϣֶûκεĶݡ
ĸΪʲôޣĵ޶ԣֶСңСסҵ½ҡţ޹۾ҲˮһһģҵէȻһʹǸӣĸʱΩһˣڽһ̣Ҳ˲Դ˼롣
ѸٵĳϵģҡļҶӣãҴȥӪȥ׼Ͼߡ
棡ԭ۾Ȼһ˷ܵĶҵ׹֮󣬾Ѹٵתһȥϵۣһ߶ԵϵŮԸҲϽܳȥһ۾ͿԺִùҵĽͷԸȥ
ˣˣĵŮǣƥܿĵԺ⣬ҲһװСų
ĸϽӹ֣ȴѸٵĻһãȻֶݸǸŮ澣ѩСȥĶɿڵȺǰͬ湫δִСȥЩǮãԱʱ֮á

198½ [ʮ]

ŵǸѩŮҲƴǣֽӹֶֶȴһ۵һ
ֶϧȥֶᣬȴֵ£Ѹٵ
ֶĿԽԽСͬĿӱ޵·ţҲŷ֣⼸겻ľҲһĺҲܲͨ
ӪǱߣǿЩһŬĳ鶯ޣһָǰ·ҽͣҲ˲ö룬ֻһζŬš
һʱ֮󣬸ڿ˳ӪȴӪ
ŮӣǾӪȥ
ʶҽȥͣȴǱѸٵĵס磬˲ý룡ȥ˵Ѿܲͷˡ
ҽĲ֪Ǻʱһ۾ͿһīɫӰǰӪ߹˼Ҵĺ࡭࡭
ԭҪתӪʵҵĺ΢΢һüתͷԶԶĿӪҡ
ҿҿҸоһ˿ϲѸٵҲӪ赲ٴεĳ󺰣࣡
ཫŽɵ߹üңҰβŵ㣿ʲô
ŬƽƽϢǰһҪӪҽȥ
ĿңĲ⣬Ӫʲô㲻һֱ𣿡
Ҳû˼ͣӣôʹԵ˵Ҳϲ׵İңҽʹֱҪȥʲôǲ㽲ֻһ䣬Ǵ˴ңͬҵ¾ȫˣǸԶ˭ҲǷ˭
˵꣬ȴҲػֻ㶵ĿңżȴҲֳֻܱܹƽӭڶģĶԵ˽⣬Լж˼ء
ΣҰеĽӦָҪ÷ǳֶʱͻȻһӣãԺǸǷ԰գʾҽӪ
ҰԺһʾĸңȴϷüģ΢΢Ĳ𿪡
ǵŮһȥû룬Ҿ˻ѡ
ȻûʣǶ࿴ۣȻ첽תҽӪ

199½ [ʮ]

ڴӪ磬ڱȥӪ߹һ·ĲعӶ˵һȻҲһ۵̧뿪
Ҳҵ̬Ⱥָ֣ŷıӰңȴɫôÿҲֹס
ЩҲһ˵׵ģʱ̸ɣȥӪһҾĳӪĵطȥҶԳӪĲʷЩ˽⣬Ҳĺܿҵ˴ӪֻӪվžװ׵
ͨϲֺرӪѵ𻹲֪ǲʵ𣿡ҵſڣı䣬һһ۾ͿҪ
֪ǰʿǽȥˣһ·СܵƵӪʵıûв´ĻӪ´ʣһڱһССʿڣһΪ˳Ӫ㣬ҪΪƽʱлǽʱв֪ϢֱӴӺʿڽȥȻ󸽶
ȻҴƵʺʱ׵ľҵǸСʿڣһǣͿһľͷĲͼһм䣬ӪʵĵȺɫĵձŲϵӰӣжмľµģǳӪĽҼģȻŻ˲٣ģһǼǵãҲϳŵһ۵ߣվһ³ĺӣһĳţؾӪֻˣɨһӪ߰λ绹ô򵥡
ꡭҺĻӳȥȴ侲۾һĶӪڵÿˣ΢΢һıˣ侲ǣ
湫ٹһЦŶ̧־ϽЦҲ֣лл
һƱյҲķ֣ǳӪļͣƣȻһٵȴǵֲסһ˵ǣȻҲһٵİƣȴҲֻ죬ʱѾҡҡλε˵ˡ
ʱһЦһߵѵͬ湫ͬ磬źȾȤׯѧ׽Ϊƣׯӣ

200½ [ʮ]

һĻȻһ죬ׯ轣湫磡⾹Ȼʷĺ磡ǰֻһ·ߣȴȫȻڲȻס
ΪҪôܾʱͻȻҡŴϯλվЦãİׯ˵ãһ÷ʣѽ԰գɨЦ
ã湫ҲдˣׯͶ׳ˣׯſڵϯλӪнӹ彣תһ֣ͿʼƶŲ趯еĽҲˣׯ轣ȲúõģӪй涨ܴʣȫӪУΪƺׯ轣ӪڵĵطҶڷׯһһһֱûгȫõľ֣
úúáм䲻ϻӽׯֳޣҲϴЦӦͣϿһ˵ıݣ￴ĲֺȥǸ˼
ׯĽĻԽԽ죬Ӫ죬Щ죬ŽżͶӪʣҷʱѾҲֻøζӽʣȻ𱳺սͼ׷ӡ
ýýɴĳޣҲ˾Թ˵һһĺţ·һ˼ȫ轣ϡ
ýֵܣҲһɺãһζӣȴΪ²ȲбȥҺԱߵϽס
湫ˣѣȴְ̧ƿƹߵмָׯǶһء˵ţӪȡȴׯͻȻһʽֱҽס죬ǿԼûг
ǧһʱһֱǸĺͻȻׯм䣬ׯʶջؽ
Ǻ̵һ򵹣Сķ࣬湫СһǽҪҪ򽫾
ͻȻôһʣ˶һ㶣עת˷࣬һֻڵڣ˵ɡ
̡𿪿֮󣬷໹δü˵ԭҡӱ൲ڱΪȻֱ֧Ӿ͵ڵˣԱߵϽǰ鿴мȴҲκζȥˡ

201½ [ʮ]

Ťͷ˿ѾڵĲµŤͷֶ湫ݵ΢ֻб湫ڰհ࣬ŲѺٴ壬֮أҳΪþƷðպʹϺӣ湫פ˾ϣֻӦͬ꣬н۲ŴԣҪýפ湫Ŀɱѽոǰ;Ц˵ң湫ȴҵȲɶԽԲ޳ҡ˵ţǷ໩һ°һı޺۾¶˳
˶ϵˣصһ˫֣ӵ湫ԽһƬؿɼȴϽȴĲ湫ΪҪȨλҪŪ湫ĹϵӶлɳˣǷȻ۽ͬ湫ҪҺҾҪеĻ²죡԰գ̵һ˸ʵʵڵͷ
ŷǸֵˣ˵ȴɣ˵ֻΣ˵壬˾ϺһĪеı¼˵Ļ֣һķ߿ҲѪȾǸһ𣬸ԸˣЩ˵ҵ˲Եķ߿Ҫ֪ʷֻ´ʱѵ棬Ƕ˶ҪҪֻΣʷ˵ⷬ˵Ǵ򶯣ı˼ƻɱ
ڷϴʵ˵һӪгһѹֵϢľףץҵҽץеĽ֪ϷѾͷɱǲɱһˡ
ݶĵȴһһˮ΢΢һͷͿϯϵȻ΢΢ЦϵһƣĴ϶
еأľȺĵձϣׯдµĽѸٵٴ̧һ̣Ҳûκ˼¾ֱĳ齣˳ȥֱֱׯĽ
ׯĽѾڵϵ·ʱݺݵĶׯļһȻҵĽãҲׯΪҳֵͻȻ˵ֹһݽ塣

202½ [ʮ]

㡭ҵͻȻܳ˵ľȻڻ£ׯɴ۾۷߿ĿңӪҲĲԾϯλӣһ˲ľɫָɫȴҲ˵ǵƺ˹һֻȫơ
ǾˮµҰϵĽһܲ˵ܵĵطӣׯٴ̧Ľ۾ĿȻƵ
˶ҵľٶסȴûһ˷ڴʱڵϲµͻȻ˶ӣ֧ӣԺơȾơ
ĶʶŤͷۿ˿ңͻȻһЦˣҵļ򣬵⡭ݹһٷˡ԰գһƺ˷ܣ̬ЦҲһ𵱳ҵľ֮ԵиȷҪȫ
ͣȫƵ֣ӪеϵҺȻĶƣһҿ۾գҲգĿţҪŬĴпЩ˿ȴʲôҲг䣬ʲôҲûУôĿңҪҶᡣ
𽫾ٵǰׯĽҲһεľ֪һˣҲû˿Աֱƶһ̣Һݺݵı۾
ûԤڵľͽѸٵ۾ֻԼĴÿ
ˣ³֣վŻҲȫѵ̱ϴڴڵĴ
湫ʤҵȴ湫ȥѾơۼϽǰȥϵڵϵķҲϽֻ첲ѾĲµ
վסķȻĶ˽һͣҸоһĻš
ҵȥɣǼȾƣٴεֵ̧ƣȴҲµˣֻǴϵľĵžơ
лϽϲһ֣ȻеļӪţҲŴӾлع̧ͷöһӣ䣡
ȴ˵κΣһ죬ѸǳӪ
׷ǱסҲ˲ЩֻǸϽ׷Ϸͷࡣ

203½ [ʮ]

ߡļʱ˳ָǳȥҲʾ͸һܡ
ѾǱߵľﰲƥǱߵӪҲһһǽͣȴľȻʲôˣױжô
Ӫ죡Ľӹĸ첲ʾⷮද֡
÷ˣӪ򿪣ҪʱԭĲ£ɼ˼סȻֱ۾ûһ㷽ŵԺ˸оɵ¡
ҲһˣȻһֱװһֱҪɱҲµ轣Ҫ߲ܣһ޶ĵģҪͬׯ裬𲢷ɱȻȡׯȴŵӣԳı⣬ͦͻȻ֣Ȼװ跮Ŀڶ֮֮´ʣ˴Ȿһɧļƻȴû뵽ɱĲǷļܴ֮򶯣Ҫɱûҵĳ֣ڻʲô
ѡӪһŴҵ˼űϣѰ̧ͷ
ļеҵ֣ݣͬһ߰ɣ㲻ٴˡ
ԥҡҡͷǿߣһ¡ʱ䲻࣬ҾͲͬ˵ٻᡣ
԰գѸٵսһ֣ϾͳӪȻתȥ
ĵĽҺݺݵı۾󲽵ţֱоıԶҲͣ½ŲͷǵıӰģҺγһֻҽǣȴʷϽΪһʱȴ֪ǰԶĸ֮ἰٷ֮ʱ뵽ҵľ֮Ϊ˻ҵŷǷˣ
ĿͬһԶʧߣҲŴջĿתһһģÿһþֱһƬӪʵ½£һҪЩ˾ãҲЩսֻǸŮӣֻһȫĵİңҲҪȨҪλֻҪһȫĴҵˣΪЩķţҸô죿

204½ [ʮ]

Ӫʵ£֪˶ãֱվҵǰס䵽ϵ⡣
̧ͷ࣬һī·һޣһкͬ콵һ㣬ӸµĿңȴֱ۾
ӪĿģյģЦЦͬһֱҵѨڡ
շתľһֻᱳѣֻֻŮӣ𣿡˵ţֺݺݵҵӣҿԿеŭ𼸺޲ýҳѷ顣
ҾȻӪҳİףҷĴ֪𣿡ҧгݵ˵ÿһ֣зɫѪ˿ȫ뵽ڵķŭ
ںԥȫɾ𣬵ȴΪ˰ܵİףԼĵҪ˵ǿһǧһ򱶡
ԣ߸ߵִҵʱֻǾı۾ûκεķ
ǣȴûӭԤʹ۾Ϳ߸ֵ󣬵۾ȴֻĶڵϵҡ
Ķ¼֣˦֣Ὣұ
ͬľżûκηΪѾûκε˼άˡ
߳ʹ˻ߵĿ޺ɵӣ㣬ֻһδεĸ˺ΪλҪôںﲻﲻ硭˵󣬷˵ϣǾĿȴûͣ£һһУôκĴţһڱµĲʺʹȫıɹ̫¡
վҲֻǸŮӶѣҲΪòİ֮˵İʡɶʡʹ
Ҳ˵ĲĿֱĻص֮УûκˣյףȺɫĵձڽ¸ĿͬһѪأ֮ͬϣη
ϯλϷ£ȻԱԹ˵̧һƣ峺ľˮŹȻ𣬶˵ߺݺݵͷ¡
ҾôĿһһĺȣԲҲ࿴һۣ·Ҹߣֻô¶

205½ [ʮ]

Ѿֻ߰ʱڻȥ̧󣬡ҰɣҰɣҪٺˡǿŲԼ
ЦһȴҲŤͷңǺǡ֪ҲģҪµȥ֣ݣ֣
ҵĴҲ֪ô죬Ҳ֪ʹҡͷ۾Ȼ¡
Ǻǡкδֻҡ˵תңϴЦҴڰ㣬ôô޷԰ΣԼо£
𡭡ҿᣬҲ֪˵ʲô
ݣԺҪδ㣿ߣʹͬҵùҵᣬҳ˲ͣҡͷҲ֪ʲô
Ҹð㣿ʹϧһüͷǺ㣿
Ҳ֪һһҡͷҵ½󣬱һƬ
ϲͻȻͨǣɿҵĿתӪڣӪ֪Ӧô˽սݽϯȴס
20رͶλѾڸӪʵ·ϡͷսַⱾǸ˷ܵϢȴûΪ˷ܣѾ񼫶ƣټ֮˰յԶʮĽףȴǲܾܾġ
Ҫ𣿻ͱҲСĵ̧һͷ̽ŷ
Ҫ뿪һŲȥǵסҵ󣬵ͷȴ쳣Ŀ
һһıȫҪ˵Ĵ
죬ȴδѾѸٵջ֣ҪܾǾͲҪ˵ڡ߰ɣ԰գ𻺻ı۾
˵ҵʱߣôɿ󣬱۾ʱˣôһȰŵˣתۡ˺ͷΪһԹżֻĴԣԥͬҵıЭˣû뿪
Ƭ̺ȷûȥ۾ֱӴԿһۣͷڰߣȥҹڴˣٱ
ǣѸٵתСܳȥ
ҾôһΣǣѸٵģΪҵΪҾ޴Ĵۣʹ飬ʤˣΪһԶ뱯ʹÿҹλأεļžѣε桭

206½ [ʮ]

ɫհνͶؽͽӪݼһźɫףźɫ࿴ϥ򵹣Ȼһֻװ˧ӡĺľϻӡ
λλһ·ˣȻûκĿڣȴ֪ƣܵģȹľƣʱȫӦǽƤ룬Ƿվ
ŽΪ۲ţյüҵóϷĿ⡣ȷٵ־ʮ巴أҲʮߣȴǶռͷݹ۹дƣ
λҿ࣬ĳԱΪλӳʾ
໥һۣȴҲһǰĳرʢʦУ֪ɷ
ȻٲԸǼȻѾ˳Ҳܲǵӣ̧ʾʦʡ
ΪֻһʦʺҲŷ־ʮӣҲԵľù죬ǿҲͷҲֻԼ롣
ɡ̧ͬʾЩںϯλֵ̧һ˲оһӵĻζЩֲסˡֻǷȥӪоûһǳӪĴҽӪʱ˲Ӫ
֣׵ĽһЩ˱㴵Ĵ
ҵȾһ׽˳ֶһҲʮָ˱ΪܻؾܽӼ֮ƣ֮£ƽ˹ѵػ˯ֻӲ֧һϯǰ
ãЦһֶ̧ϵľһ£ҽĿסԼָݵƤ棬ӪԽԽҵҲԽԽ־壬һֵĵĲʼۼ
ΪŵʱͻȻϯһֻ֣һŵʮָЦŽͷҵĶ䣬ȥɣȥȥĵط
һ뿪ߣȴ뿪
΢촽˻ӣȻһƣֻǵƵѾˣֻӪıΪ񷢷һţҾŵվӣȻѸٵתӱСܳȥܳȥ֮ٶܻȥҿԸоһֲյֻš

207½ [ʮ]

΢촽˻ӣȻһƣֻǵƵѾˣֻӪıΪ񷢷һţҾŵվӣȻѸٵתӱСܳȥܳȥ֮ٶܻȥҿԸоһֲյֻš
ٴۻӪУҿһҲŵĻ棬ԭƵĽʱӻͳѩذָҴļУȴûᣬҵļбӪû
ѽѽҴļţҿԸоҵҵ˻ѿӣѪҺںɢûκθı䣬ӪֻһΪõʮ򽵱еĻ졣
뿪ĴǰվӣȻβȴʢˣ
ҵȽҪȡɣźݿѾִ̧Ա߳彣˴Ȼ˫ʱȴȫҶбˣȴҲڶʱڽƷ
ɱ˷ҵĴڣһԭźٵ꣬ͻȻλϴ𣬴ӻгһֻźذңұܵ˺ŷ·ˣۿذҵǰһ̣Ҹо˴ӱҵĸ첲һҵ
ʿͻȻȴüǱҵذףû˼ңȴԼӵ˱˵ĵ£
ҼĺȴûԽļͷҿݿ͵۾
ɴ硭ɴ硭Ҽŵɴ۾סһһĵڵϣﲻͣĺţŷӿϣȴֻѪıѵϵձ̺ȺȾں졣
ݣ˷ӪеĶҸоϣץĸ첲ɴ磬Ͼ˽ˣµġġ
ֿһЦĶץ֣ҷ˯ʱڽңҡҲı㡭ܳѰ㡭
һ仰ʱǶݵģôһ仰ôһ仰ʱ춼Ըû˵Ļֻۡˣֻǻȥˣ

208½ [ʮ]

ʣҲ۾ͬʱұĴ߳صĵڵϣȴ˼Уֱֻʯͷ
Ӫ춯صͣ£Ӫ伸ӪССſڼѣ˶۾ӪеһУ֧֮ǰڻɱݿͣһ򹷼ǽסҵĸ첲ʡ
֧ȻѾͷ麹ȴǰƣ֮磬ſ
ںŮӣǸŲˣǽҪɱⷴףɱȴҲڴˣݿͳҵĸ첲ӪţȴȫȻûиоֻ۾ŵϵֻϣܿȥ
ֻҪſ뿪֧𵽣һԭѾһ͡
ߣݿҲǸ֮ˣ㿪ڣȴֻǳ˳ӪʣӵӪʣӪڵ֪ЩͬݿһһɱҲǻ赹ˣ
ǸˮɱãݿͣݿͳҺ˳Ӫʱׯŭҵģλ£ԶҺ֮ǣȴκΰҶҲã赹ɱúġ
һ£˿ʼӿȴǴӿһһ׽ݿ͵ĳһǴӪ⴫͵ϮӪ
һӾôˣһսںԤʾٴչұݺƵڵϣвҵ˷ѸʧҵȺУ̤ųҷɱȴӿںеûˣֻܾķڵϿЩ̤
¡Ҳһ̣һŵϢȻҵĶߣŸо屻˱סͣķͷڵϲͣıʯӺɳĥǰһһĳҵϣԽҵ߲ͣ춯̤ڵϵӲ죬ԼһһεµҽӣֱȫܹߵӪɱ档
ΪһᱻȺͷϵһƺߣ͸첲ϵ˷ſ֪ûѸٵѱҳմ۾Ȼҵ۾ҳģԽɳʹҪѳۿҿǸϽҵˡ࣡

209½ [ʮ]

ΪһᱻȺͷϵһƺߣ͸첲ϵ˷ſ֪ûѸٵѱҳմ۾Ȼҵ۾ҳģԽɳʹҪѳۿҿǸϽҵˡ࣡
¶ҴδůЦݣ㡢ϲ֪֪Һ㣡ȴȴҡҵ㡭
ΪΣҼþȫֻ췢ϸС͸ҵϣġ
򡭡ΪҡԶǡǵң
һиЦݽһ仰Ȼİͷҵļͷ
࣬һȵᣬôһδεĸжңһԶõİʱѡֱֻķʽԼԼĵˣȴӮⳡսʤΪһԺÿԻʱ̣Զᱻ䣬ӰУңԶΪһΡĺ⽫Զͣҵͷ
ɷཥѹҵϣɿ˫֣ڵϣĿȻתͷ濴ϺڳһƬգûǣû˺ڰǺڰߵɱԽСȫھţޱߵľţŬ죬ȴκֻܿƬڰȻƬҹѹ¡Χܻ
һҾĶǣµһ죬ڴԺÿҹҹ־½ѪҺһҵ壬ҹͣȫÿһ磬ÿһƤݣ
ҼŴӴе뱻ҵִ򷭣顣
С㣬С㡭ŵķҵĸ첲֮ǰһĻĻס󣬵ɴ۾񡭡أ
С㡭ҽ࣬¶ɫĿҡ
ѸٵɨһӣѾͻ˸Դ룬Һԥķ´ҪؾӪȴ̫վһ̾صڵϡ
С㡭ǰңҲңҲȫȻûиоϵʹѾײײܳš

210½ [ʮ]

̤żһ̣һ۾Ϳ˸԰еƽĿŻҳңԭŵҲȻֹͣ׷԰е֮Ҳ;˻ȥ
ƬͣͺҡĳܹȥɫͷĲͿֻһֹסĿʼڣ˫ſŷԼȻѾ˵һ仰ɡ񡭡
ذж
Ҫң𿪿ڵһ˲ҴѾ֪˴𰸣޷ӿ˵ҲԸʵ
Ѿˣ׵˵ڣҵһȻ£صĵĽ¡
ҿʼ㲻ͣĴȣΪʲôҡΪʲôҪҡΪʲôҪ˵ҵۿݵģһƬ
ѾˣˣͻȻ˫ʹҡҵļ
ᣡ˵ҪȥТ˵ҪͬҴһ˵ҪͬķҴĴ𣬽ûֻܷڵϲͣᡣ
ݡͼַңҺݺݵ˦ȻѸٵֳ̧Լһƣңң
ڶƳԼʱĽҵУЩҰɣû㣡ҵַŵǰɿ
žҺԥĴҿ޺ſ΢΢࿪ţΪʲôҪߣǸˮֻ˴ңΪʲôߣɱңҡ
ˣҵĴѽһȾƣһȴˣ֪жԶǵҵĺޡ˻ߵĳţɫһɣȴʹ࣬˲ᣡ
ݡͼӵңѸֵ̧סֹסֻǾᣬĽңһĽ룬ʹ˵Ҳӵסᣡ
ҵĴֻѣѾٿҺˣ˵ңˣ˵ͷҲٷֻҪΪҶ
ݡҵֽڿУҡվӣվҶӣɴ𻯣ȥȥĵط˵һ䣬Ȼҡҡ׹ת뿪ת

211½ [ʮ]

һ뾭Įһһ˵ţսսϧĶһһεĶߣҵһһε̤飬20򽵱ΣｭɽΣҴЩȴ޹ĳΪūԣǶȥȥ
תײת뿪
ڶգڳӪߴŽЩɫӪʣҶĺţΪؼΨһ˵ʾǶҵĳЦҵͷȫңҵ߸ϵÿشƤڷнӲ䣬۾ᣬһᡣ
Ĵе̴У׵İЩҰɫĹǻҴɢȻѸٵʧڷУһ˿ۼ
ɴ磬԰κεطһ֣ȻͷҲصı۶ȥ
ʮһթƿɱؽ20°Լ£á
ΪĶ20ĽΪǿǧٿ׵ᡣ
˵ûУ20Ľʬ屻յʱǸζѽǵصģʮ춼ûɢȥ
ѽ˵һض˰׹ǳʮ׸ߣǺšǸӣ̫ˡ
ԣǷˣһԺ˭ҽ
ǺӪ湫壬֮أԼ£տɶӵء
Уǿģ
ڽֽǵ̨ϣԱ߲Ｘ˵һһҽĻסϥһεĴˣ20Ļҷ𣬲֪ʱûΪʲôˣǻ𣿻İɣģ20ĺޣҪʲôȥƽ
ʮһѮУפ
ͷ߸ͷʱǣͷߣ¥࣬޲׹İգ۷׷ף̸أˮЩİնй֮񣬽žʹƬƬĹ򵹣յ½ʱǽͷѾŮٵİգ˸ߺسĴ˽ʻӳͷ߸ߵ£˲⸡߸ߵϣɨһ۹Լµǣ¶һЦڵסŻʵ۵ĵطֻػʽµİգʱȴȫȻĹԼĽ£

212½ [ʮ]

ͷ߸ͷʱǣͷߣ¥࣬޲׹İգ۷׷ף̸أˮЩİնй֮񣬽žʹƬƬĹ򵹣յ½ʱǽͷѾŮٵİգ˸ߺسĴ˽ʻӳͷ߸ߵ£˲⸡߸ߵϣɨһ۹Լµǣ¶һЦڵסŻʵ۵ĵطֻػʽµİգʱȴȫȻĹԼĽ£
ԶԶĴӺ濴һ֪Ҫģȴ֪սɾ͵߷壬ȴͬҲת۵㣬￪ʼʼһҪ¸λԶ
֮ĵһפǽӪӪоһӭֻûлûףһƬһƬɷ׵£һذ׵Ĵúתϯϵķ˫ϥ¡
Ǹ˳ᢣԵķ̶̵ѷ˿ף۽İš
ڴӭȢΪޣΨ˼ʣպξͣΨޣĲ䣡
̧֣ͷϣף
һ˲Ļǵ˳԰׵ţһεˡεˡ
ǵģ࣬εˣǳޣŵ֮ʱӭȢ֮ʱȫڽˡάĵλȻλҪԥ
귶ӣһױľ˳ɴ˫ȹ˫ֺ¤ǰԶüӨ׵Ƥ޺˫ֻ˫ԭϲ۾Щʱȴ˸⣬߹ȥְϺɴִµһ̣һαˮҵֱ
Բ𡭡ϸϸĴҵĶ䣬΢ջǺݺݵתӪգΪ檣ݼ
ԭݼǸڽдһǧŲĴŮӣʵҲֻǰֻͨͨǸɵŮӣΪһİ΢շתţսѪϮֻôһζļţţȻ֪õֻһû氮壬ҲԸΪԼȥ֧һᣬһԼŮӣ
һȵľҲ֪Լ

213½ [ʮ]

һε˰ǰһٲ̨̿¼ϸ̨ܾϵľͷһʮ׿ƻ̻Իͣ߾һԱӵŹɢУܷ̣߸ߵ͵͵гֳһ޷ư磬һȥͷ·һƬĺ
ϣĺһɽأһεǰǰĽ̻Իͣΰ׳ۣѾǰǰ¡
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С㣬Ⱒɵ׳˫ѽСĵ̧ͷš
޶Ե俴ǰĹ̧ǰ㲻ظңŰɡ
׵ĴرصĹţһһ߽ȥȻŵ·ţĿ֮ȴѲǷԴԣֻжĿ֦ҶȻĹŻôڲڻǵסڱ任ֻǼ档
жصһתͷһɫӰһѸٵĶ㵽
˭ҾĿ
ҪȥҲһ˲ұ˺ݺݵø첲Ȧס˲ӡ
Ҳôһ£ĳӸӿ֣Ŭ̧ƤҿһסԸߡ
ſĿԸߡ
ԸһȦҵĲӣҸоұϢĿԽԽϡ
뿪ҾɱԸߴвš
ŬĿҿԥȫڱĮȻҷ֧һЩ΢Ц֪βˣǶĻɽսݲ顣
𻺻ĳ彣ָԸߣΧĳҲѾֻ̧߱һ±ӵϽԸ߾͵
֪ԼҲϾҪȴû̫ĸоֻ뵽չ֪ĽôأҶٴμǸӣңȴһһε뿪
ɱԸߣ΢΢ӣһָ⣬ЩԾԾԵĳ˲ϢΧ
۲ӣ޷ı飬ȴ뵽ʱʹ࣬ʺϢҸоޱߵҲ෴˳ӵĴȴһõİ˯

214½ [ʮ]

պּ·ϣһУ
ݡҡΣۣͷַҶͷķ˿ͷʱĵۣӵһӣ̫ˡ
˯ɣڣӵסҵĸ첲ϸĵһ䣬ұ㰲Ȼı۾ٶ۾
ĻǰڰһĻұ۾ȴʱôͻȻ֣ͬһ񣬽ҴԸߵд
ԸѸٵӴܣӵ׷Ƭ̣ŵİУֻʣıסӣôվڶ濴š
ˡķĻ
˾Ϣɣڣķҵ۾ȻҴ롭
Ҳ֪ûĿ뿪֪ѹʹģճһˣ
ڽפգɱӤ³Ըӱ밢ڣհʮղЪṴ̃²ɢ簢ǵԭƽһǣĿ֣ջЦһϳйڳ
дᣬָоЩ᲻ö£ԴдһֱڽΪغ2Ȼ¡ʣ
һºҹɽ
Сģɡվ֣۾ӳ߳Щ۵ңҲɵֵ˵ǰһĺԺǰԺ淿ݣŸɫݣֻѩ׵ĸԺڵʯصĶŲӡ
ֻˣҵЦŴԺӡ
ͺáסҵ֣ԥһ£ջһ΢Ц
ȥɡҵִϽףҰš
ˡİɣʱӭ񣬶ϲ߰ϣȻ뿪
ã徲ҵЦһڣȻ΢΢۾һеĲƣкúȵĲ衣
ҲҵĻֻµĿ΢ЦҲǳһеĲˮ
Ϊʲôô᣿㲻𣿡գ۾ϸĴ
ɫķ²ƣЦ̧ۿң֪
šҵͷ
Ҳ֪
ϷŪҡЩʧջĿ⡣

215½ [ʮ]

ϷŪ̧ͷգػӣǻλ̳ˣʱޣҵĽ£ȴûеõκεΨһֵ׽ĸҲڻλ֮Եټľʹǵ֮ҷʵȨǸλͬԼİ֮һ裬ֻô׵ġ̣׺һڣһģ򡣡
ҾǸԸԵˣ׷ʡ
ЦתҴĿң㻹ֱڿ죬ǵǱԸ׷ɱʱʹҵĻ𣿡߽ϸϸĴҵӵһϲ𣿡
ǴʲôµЦͻȻҪ᲻Ҳʱ
ҵ׷ƺЩ⣬ҲֻԵָֻ֮ͣµЦȴҲشҡ
ʱҲΪεʱôӦңֱҲͻȻΪʲôЦ˵Ϊ˱ѾƲģĬʱѾҲһ˿ѹȣһء
̧ͷԺϵգƮż˿ƣһֻѸٵӹߣҵĵҶζԺϴ΢΢۾һͻȻЦתҼ޸ɣ
ţͷһΣͷһοģССһ󣬵ҲƬһЦ߽ңͷŵ۾ҵӣȴһӺˣʶҪˡ
ס˺ӣĽҵĶߣһ㻹Ҷԥ
԰գɿ֣΢Ц˿ҵӡ
ЦǱͻȻһ˿ĲĶҡֻǱ򶯣ſǵӦ£ʱѾڴ˴ˣһʱƽ˿ڣпһ󣬲ͬĻһεĸݡ
ãһΪԼ
һʱ䣬Ҫһ꣬ǸƽҸȴ쳣ʹһ꣬ÿҶᰲԴ֮УÿҹҶᱻ޾Ķ
ҪҪһεĴӼڵҽľڴǣıԼ壬ˮҵĶͷ˳£ˮ
ҲǵԼ˶ٸҹһ˫˫۾ݶĶңࡢвʶģǽΧסΧ£ֱ޷Ȼһģ΢Цֶȴܽӽ
ģô
<غ裺һ>ֽ,ϲѽͻղ,лл.
ϲ΢ֵ֧¿ӡɸѩ̡лл

216½ [ʮ]

Էѳʱ룬ʵɽٰƽԭΪɱԭΪٵܷ٣ӳ
ģԺĻȫ˰ԼѾţҨˮһֻɫĸҵĽűȥʵҨЩˮϣǸʹĶӣҸϽЦþײ˴鷿߳
СġЦŷֱҵӣֲ̧ҶͷϽˮա
覹ȵĻˣȥЦſ
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¶һζЦϸĴҵŻһ֮Լ
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ݹһŮӼٵܽԺԭŵĸȫɣԺ
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217½ [ʮ]

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218½ [ʮ]

ļϣյ糿ǵǣ뵽ǰǣԼ﷢ԵһѨ
ݹ˾ͱУºãѩͷңҲŴƮ˼лع룬ȻУкΰ취ȻȥѰ𡣡
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219½ [ʮ]

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220½ [ʮ]

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221½ [ʮ]

ĸңʹὥҺݺݵı۾ȥôһ£ں֮󣬵ݿݣǷ뺺йأ
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222½ [ʮ]

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223½ [ʮ]

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224½ [ʮ]

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225½ ֣ݣƪ

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228½ ֣ݼƪ

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