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 1 

ɫɫɫ
ϲĺɫ
˵ĺɫ
ͷ˶ţߵҲš˭Ҳûжһ̵ĳϵԽԽá
ˡ
Ĳˡ
ȻӰӡ
ȴըƬš
ߵʱ̧ͷһʲô˵һоĲɵʲôҲ˵
Ѿ߹ϲڵϣͻȻϲӦҵģһ£ûпڡ
ȿڵʣ¥
¥ɡ
ϲɣӦþ¥ˡЦһ£ǵˡ
˵и÷ˣ¥ҴӦȢޣȢ檡ǲǣ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô
ֻҪ뿪Ǹҡźεıģ֪ǶģǶҵġ
һ£ҪӭȢҲ
ӵһۿ֪һˡİǸŮӦءȻѡίŮСⲢʾֻǿ
һˣȴûб˸ʺĽݣԽǸҵĸʵΧǽıҪݡ
ӦĻŵһԡ֮߳ޣһ뿪¥ңȫء
ڳӾ֪ûоܾ
˵ͬˣڿд顣һҳʾͻ뿪޺ġ
ҲΣֽʱһһддžľ飬һ˼ҲдİɣҪǱݵŮӶԨûһ˿ء
ɵĿŮӣҪԴԼ
УʣµҲҪ˵ȥӹ飬Ҳûж࿴һۣ۵±뻳У˯ºһʮٹƽʱû²Ҫҵӣ㡣

Խ򵥵ЭԽʡ鷳ġһ뿪ı֤ҲõˣûʲôɵĵˣʣµҲֻʱˡ
ת򴲱ʱֱĽһȵȡȻͿĵü塣ϲҲˣǲܷϵġǹ˵ǸٻҪȵġ
üѾԭΪͻܾģʵҲֻ˵˵ѣȥһ£ߵ߽еľһ漴ͬһУ˼˵˰ɡ
ôأ˵ʵǣǾһӦȵġߣȥҲ磬ֻ֪Ҳûáֻڱ촽մȾһ˿Ǻȹˡ
ߣֱһ£ʲô
Ϣɣȷŵ˵
˵˯𣿡
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ĻҲûиѾ˯ȥȻ˵ȥ
ûص˰ɣ
еһãˡ
֪ԼһʲôˡЭ
̾һһ̣Ҳȥ
ѹʱ峿ˡ
Ǳѵġ
˼ţϧġ
ڴСͱ˳谮˵һֵֺĸо˵ʲô
ǲܷŭġΪһͿ׼εİѹ»ӡ
ЩԺֲ˼ţѣѱӱϡ
һ㣬ǡʱүˣϴˮѾ׼ˡ
ǰѾ˷ɫĳ£ǵĿϴ꣬һߡ
߰ɡΪڵ

Ƕأȥˡá
ڨһۣȴ
ҪģĲϣ̽Ե˵Ҫȹȥ˵岻Щȥʡ̹㡣
ҪҲǹ㣬㼱ʲô¡Ҳû̧ȴ¥ͷһ
ʱһȥȴһȥ
û뵽Լ˰ʱڵȵ
߳ȥıӰĲЩʲôʹҲ˵زɣҲûȴѰѼȫ˱顣
˼ȥһ뵽ԵģʼʹֻƽͣȫȻ⡣
ֻǰ㿴̣ףĸף磬ɩֶŮһ˵ٲȻڿƣѾȵĲͷˡ
һЦݣôô˼ֿɬȴòӲͷƤ˽ȥضλһ񣬵밲ȻתλĴһӡ
ƫ֪ô뷨ϵû졣
ۼ˵ɫԽ࣬ɳú£Լˡ밲˵⻰ʱµʵԼһԲѷ¥ҼҳĻʱһƳ
Һ漴΢΢˷ֻתλʱ΢΢ҲˣȻλࡣ
¥Ҵҳ¥ϷϱͲÿͻȻиѾͷֹܵ˼䡣ֻԽˣĿֱ˹ҹδԲ
ûϵ̻ʵֱӣһڣѾ˺Ρ
Ҳеľץץɣ˼ѾתһתͻȻ¶ధ֮ɫ¥طֺ˺öƣֱԡֻǿֺܴ½һ£˵ɫֱһ䣬Ƕµһʲô£żұ¥ǽѣֲ֪кǳ֪һҪҰ
յ𱸵Ŀ⣬ֻܿЦһ¡
¥㶼ôԼķ𣿡תƻ⡣
ɫ񣺡¥ôеġ˵ֻܽһˣȴҡҽ֡׺ιʣ̡
ۼҪⶪ̣æ˵ˣˣǳɼҵˣԺǵ¶ԼҲ֡Ϊ֪
һ˵ġȴֻܿЦҶΪ֪飬Ժȴǿһ㣬ΡԼΧҲƭ̲ٹǵ¡
ֻǻȫ˵ȥȴ˸ʮʮ
ȻһҶƫԷ
Եһ룬ԵԱҪϯ
ۼżǣֶŮײ״ɫһȥ¥ȰʱûУȴҲվֻ̣¥ҹЩͷʹȥŪЩƵĲˮиˡ
ȻǼ٣ǿնȻ³ͷʹȴˡôҲ޷⣬ֵֻһε汳
ź֪˭һ䣺ҵĹôСǡǡ
˼̲ס̾Ϣһֺαع
ԣǰת˸һ£ô֪ǹģ
¥񲢲Ѳ°ɣֻǲΪҪһ˼ˣֻԺദҲˡشȴǰĴŷϤи֣ѣ򡣡
ԭ꼻һ֣Ȼȥ˵Ҫȥô
촽էȴԳЦһǰԭԼûϯԼĽڰˣԼˣǰŮҲµԼŪƵĲˮɡ
ţѻȻתţһ𲽸ϡԽԼĹ⾰ֹۡ

 2 

¥ϾĻ׳棬ʵʱǻ᲻ʵġ
ƵĲˮгҲŪģαôԶأһܣ¶첻֪ڼЦ¥֮ҲûҪһ֡һҪңɴȥ¥Ͼ˼Ҳмҡ
Ƴһۣתȥ
Ӹղŵ¥ܹ֮ΡȴҲˡΪٽֵĴڡڷ·ƾ¥½ֵˡ
žٱȲĶĴһ¡ȻģǱ˵ԲģֻܳƵѡ
ע⵽ߣתͷüá뷢ȴһɢ˵ζ
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ȻʣЦչ¶
һָ˵Цɾκơ
һûЦ
ɵãȷЦݵӲ˼ֺ桪ˬˬİһֽȣţ۾ʱȫеڸǹȥ
Įĵһӡ
˵Լ˵ĵһӡ׼ġһĮһ֤
ӿʱһ㶣Ȼ񣺡±õ¥Ӱɣ
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¥üĮҲܻ¡
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ǱĮʵΪʲô
Űõڶ죬һ˳߶㡣ţŷ˱㲻ˡ
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ʱ䣺ʲôʱ䣿
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ԼǼ£ʲô£
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Įĳ˼㽫Сĵ˻С
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ĮҲһ÷ġһñءˡ
ȻҲ
ȴƵƷ衣
ˡߡ
ں˭˵
㡣ѾЩ͡
㿴üң
һ㶣漴һֵô𣿡

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ԼǰûЦõɾ룬ΪԼϾĮɡ
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Сô
ֱӷ쵽ǰ
һ㶣Ŀ䵽ϡƲһǧСϸۣʳָౡļ룬Ů֡
Ȼ͵üŸȫó
Խ˳ݸȻ󽫿˵˻С
ȻҲûˡֻһֵõۣΪźܷ㣿
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һ桱ֺȻĿ
Цˡ
δ˼ֵΣȻ˵ġˣһὫȻġ
ͬһսУֻһ䡰㲻øˡתˡ
ԭأһ˲ãȻ
һֱΪԼһͨˣӦͨ֪ΪһͨɷӦЩʲô
Ӧøȥʲôطʲôʱɡŵʱȴ⣬ͻȻһ£Ťۻǰӻ
ȥ˵б仯֮֪ѾмˡȴΪ¥ҵһֱû档
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ŷԼԾסǡ
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̲סüȴƲĳ¥½ǣԼǰסֱ׵Ŀ⡣
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촽⶯˼£ȴûֻ¥վýϡૣ֮ǰҲǲ֪и塭û壬Ȼתߡ
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ȻҲУǳȴֻǣȥ
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˼䣬䲻ͣӦ죬Ѿײȴûиҵʱ䣬ת෴ķ˻ȥ

 3 

¥Сһ˳ĺӡ߸˵ǳġ
Сʱ򣬵ݵĺһֵʱϲһһ߿ţܰ
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˶ӡţӦô˵ءĶŰɣţЦ٩ţƷţƵġ
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ܣܵü
Ϊܣǰ棬ͻȻģӦʱԼѾ׷˺һξ롣ȴһ׷Ѿ
Ǽ֮⣬ǰûͣһ߳жһС㣿һΪӵҲеİǣᾢ׷ȥ
۽鵽ӰԭֵĿǡ
Ŀ׻ҲˣֱߣֻǰһĨɫȺд󣬾һʧӰ
ڣָץס½ˣȴһȥˡŷԼ׷˼ң˼ѾĿĵضͣ
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ʱ򣬾ͿתȻ򺽵ġ
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򺽴ģȻüˣɣǸ¥ҵĶү
¥룬һ˻ᵱű˵޹˼ɵ˵Ļǲ£ǼȵźͽŵİɡȻ򺽲ǰߡ

 4 

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Ůˣı׼ֻУÿÿ
ˣ׼ҲֻһУС
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ϲ򵥵£иʱ;ȥ
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ǣֱ߳һ·֮¥ͷʱܿ¥ǰһӰţڷʱƮһɪš
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ЦȻֹҲٿһۣת
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ƺǸں档
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ӱӰĻΪһĨűӰ˻һŮءȻദһ죬˽⵽롰硱ɵȻ顣ң֮䲢ûбȻϵֻΪһֱĸоϰ˽һЩ˱׼
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ıԼûС
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ԣŻᱻų׵Լɡ
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Ťͷ򴲵ķһ¡ĻԶȻʲôҲ
ϣĶŵıӡǣΣȥţлɣ룬һε飬Լֲ֪ôˡԿ϶ǣ϶ǲеģ밲һջԼˡ

̾ҹΪ

 5 

¥ûел
ˣֻڵл֮ǰһЩ鷢ˡ
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Ȼûֱ˵ֻǳʱõġ
˵˿ڣȴȻڲʮһ¡
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¥һӦû˿ķ
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Ѿͣ廨ŤͷֱֱĿܸӵһߡ
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á
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Ϊʲôʣ㵽ڼЩʲô
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촽Ҳ
ͫ׵۽ǵüңεıš飬ȴһֱĲҵŨصţɢȥ߲ĵӰҲʵ͸ɽȥİ˸С
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ġ

 6 

Խ׵˵Ҫɡ
ŮӵҡԼҵŮ˳ȥǶٻᵣڷҹĿɺáǷǢȵȡǣϣģĪڹյ죬ͬصŮѤõҸЦˡ
ǣ˭Ҳ˵Ҹֵġ·Ǳ˰ŵģֻԼѡġο¥ΪԼڴӦвжΡ
ԣޱ飬ͫҲǱ߽ŵʱûпڵֻĬĸ
ǰӭһӣɫҴңԭҪųŵģǵȴͻȻͣסˣֲˣĶЦ⡣
á
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߽һеá
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ǺܹĵйĺܶŶѵĲ֪Цţҵ˳пɺãĴп⡭¥ҵļҵɶ̩
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ӵЦݣһҲʺľá쳣Цţ۵ȴҰĺܡЦʱؿڶţԼԴϢ
ǵѿڶֺ֮Ȼȣڻ˵ĻԼγء
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ţҲϣղŵʵ뷨֧һ䣬˵춼ûмãû밲ء
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ֻҪһѡ
˵
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֪˵Լ

 7 

һСԺмһ
һŮӡ
ŮпڴͷֱߵĲѾһĺ÷֪ʲôʱȻһԡ
һ󼱴ٵĽŲŮӿŤͷſڡһȴţ԰šһССķɫӰԾʱűȻ
ףµŮ˹Сһ֦֦֦һĺ÷ż欣÷÷
ŮӿŮͨ۵գѾȥһƬ⡣
ŮȴȻֻ֣÷֦øߣŮϣţ÷ˣ÷Ŷ
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֦ǳĻ䣬Ȼϧĺܣò׿ˣֺαǿ
Ϊʲôǿ󣿡Ůʣȴᶨţ岻ã´׿ġң׿÷Ļûа취
ŮЦˣ÷ģ׵ԺУʹҲġ˵ȴĵ̾Ϣ
Ůͷĸף޺Ѫ÷ĸ׵ԽĲ԰ף΢΢Цȴ͸ĺܣǼҪɢһɽ䳿ͷ͵һ顣
ŮӿͻȻ˽еŮ
Ůȴֻǽıסĸףһԡ
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ǮƹͨĿ죬Ҳ죬ûžõ

 8 

ҵˣʶĲǧ
ͬǼΪɫˣͬһҫ۵Ĵڣǧ̻ſʱȻע⵽
ע⵽ǧˣȻֻһ˵ǣע⵽ǧˣ֪ıһ㣬ҲȻĴ̸۵е֪˶ԷݣһȨƵ֪ƽɵĳӡ
ӢſӦÿԳΪϧѡǣȴûһʼǰύΪǧЦ£ȴע⵽ͫż䡣
ǸǸءʱ롣
ԵǸ˾ȻϢʱɶۡȻڼһ֮ˡ
ʱ򺽼ּ̻Ρˣջ˽˼ίߵӦһ
ǣһΣעϯǧͻȻƾʱǲɵȥ
ھ¥һ¥һڣΣȻ֪ʲôʹǰûҲֵ̡ˡԣǺܺʲô˵ʲôˣǧע
ûпʲô
Ҳûпʲôˡ
ȷе˵˳ǧĿ⣬һӰ
һıӰվڶ巻׿ʲôԭǷɫŮѾϴӵֻʣһƬɫƽྻȻܷⱳӰġ
ǣıӰ򺽿ܶ࣬Ҳ١
ԣʣôˣ
ûпǧ۵ʱһݣıת۽ǵʱ򣬺ȫͫȥˣ伣Ҳۼ
ֻǧջĿ⣬һڨЦ羰󣬾˻ϯ̼Ǻȥˡ
Ȼ򺽾ͿȻʱ֪֣֪һЩҪܾԺˡʱֻǸıӰת˹Ȼ߽Ⱥûע⵽߸ŽֵȺŴ񡢸¡
һ˿ûûıӰӣֻϸüչüʱԵǿüء
ȴһе̵ŮӣֻһĿƲ۵ľ绪õۡԣʱֻǧΪʲôͻȻע⵽󣬼ǺܿԺˡ
ͬ򺽵ǰߡ
ǰģƲһӦܳƵһࡣ
򺽲ƻ
Լ˵ģ࿴ˮī˳˵һ˼ʫҪȥøڻʫھÿͻһΣΪһЩӵֵܽ򺽲ûȥҲûƾΪ֮ǰȻǧ֮ϡ
еŮӣƾӡӾͣԭǼģȴԽԽòü촽סˣҲǡôȴƫʲôطԣ·ʧζ
ǵģζ
˵ꡣ
˭ܿһŻءһ㣬Լûʶ
ԭΪ˸꿴ġ
֪갮ˣҲǡһˡã꿴֮󣬻вһķչ
ȴû뵽ʱ꿴ͷߣǺ׷һʵϣΪֻ޵Ļ귴ǲһˣ˵ԾԾԵء
ʶ꣬ھǵʱȻ֪겻ǱߵģǱĻ
ʵʱֻһ仰ûгװɣ
ʵ֤ʱǷЩǣһֱ飬ŻֵİɡȻ𣬵֮ԻΪһ׿԰ĵþ֮ʵ׺һ˰ɡȻڶ죬ʹǼˡԣǰ֮˹򺽾ԼҲûɡ
ֻһԺһֱˡ
һ࣬ȻѾʧȥԭ;ӦòҪ˰ɡȴһʱöˣû˵ʱ͡
磬ڡ
Һһܸɵƹһƹ񲻽ܰ¥ܰܶ飬ôĵ࣬˼һЩ֮µ顣
ǣһ̣Ǯƹ⺰үп͡
ʵʹǮƹͨҲ֪п˵ˡΪǮƹ񺰳ͬʱѾƿһ͡ӰҲȻεߣѾԹ˵İ£󷽵
ǣֻ̾Ϣһţû뵽
شҲ˵ӦòѲµģҵģкܶˡ
ǮƹǼдȵˣֱӴ˽ģʹҲɡ
ЦЦǲ࣬»ֻһֻǣԭΪұܵý
򺽺Ȼ䷢ɫ֣ԭһ㺬Ц΢ɼУ˳Ŀ¿䵽Լеĵϡ
УŮЦȻ
Ľյܺ棬һ߻̾㲻Ҫǰ㾯裬ֲٸýҼʹҲˣ˼ѾˡһЦôɫŮӣԼĴġ
̫ͣãǣܺ߳ʱ򣬱ֱʵʲôɣ
һЩ벻ס
Ŷ
꿴ۣ벻ףȻҪܰ׵ˡ
ָ֪˾ԼǼ˵ȥȴû뵽ἰ
ʣΪʲô
ȻŮôɫΪʲôҪἰ
ԼҪģȻŮôɫΪʲô㲻Լţ
һһֻˣ۵ķԣ˵ʱҲͲһˣȻҲɫ
ЦЦ΢΢ĴǣȴۡȻţʹҲټȻ
ԣʱľסˣȴ˵ʱǱʵˣֻ˵ѵÿ֣ص飬ЩѡȻԼ˵ġ٣꿴ȫôһ£ʮĽġ
껹ڵȴ򺽵Ĵ𰸡
ûеȵ
ûлش𡣵ܻشһЩȷе˵ǲشʱûܹȻһֱ֮ӻؾõĽڡǮƹˣ͵͵һŰ崫Ų߲͸պүпҪƷ󡣡
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ƵĵЦڽȻ󲻿ƵɢصЦö᲻һټΪͻȻһȤ飬֮Ʊ֮˿ܸеȤ飬һȤܻǷһΪǿɢϡںòЦȻҲ˳ȥôȤ顣
ȻƷſڣһͻǣǵЦˡ
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д
ѩ
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ӴջĿ⣬ŤЦô𣬲ҵѾôˡǵϴοǷЩżϵİ
֪ϴε飬Ҳ㽫ĶԻ˵ѵҪԼĶӵôδʧ档ҲֻܺٺٸЦȻȴźۼĨȥǵϸƳһػã㳶˻ãҲֻܽء
ȻΪ֮ޣ˵ŰľԭԼϾþˣ˵ĿҲȥۻҲڵ˳ˡ
ŮӦöϲĻİɡ
Ȼǰ˵ʱԼǲмģΪŮǳֻԼӰɡ
ǣһΣҲ˵۵ĻﾹȻԼĿڣֻϣܿԼĻչջЦԼҲǺܷǳء
ԳЦһȴЩϲ⡣
ϲȴԽšסü󣬶Ȼ³
ͻһȷģôˣ
ʲôôҺµôʣƲЦҪմӵĳ޿ǧǱ·Ǳ˵ģȻǸ˻ء
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ġ
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һ߿öˣȻҲ֪ʲôʱֻڹǿӲʲôʱǣʲôʱЦʲôʱڷŭһΣء
ֻǣһϡƽĻƽʱЦȥȴܵķȷѽ⡣ԭΪӦһֱ̹ģȴŵĿԼԼǰлеһ˿ģʲô顪ֻ߿ǣʲôأ
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ǣԻ֮Ҳۼ
ӭĿ⣬εһЦĿɬþãΪŶԷԼǣ䣬ȴǻҲɬȻֻĸ֣̻ǽ
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Ǻõļ䣬ԿⲻȥÿÿʱĸоְڼĴζҲвݵζǺˮζҲ·ڱǻ䣬ʹǹȥʱ·ûеȥҲΪŻôų˵Ӵɡ
ǣֺڴ֮ǰѾ֫ӴˡȥͿʼİɡ
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ǻҲ飬ȴ͸񡪡ȴΪޱȵľǿ
ղΪʲôȣңѾڿʱҧ´ϵѪۣһĪա
Ϊʲôȣ·ɢͷڵͷʱȥֻЩ˻Ƶţľңֺαغȣ㲻ңҺкãңңҲûйϵûǸš·ƽεظ뷨ңֺαˮǺһɵˡ
ԣ
ȴΪĻ򢡣
ĽǶȣ俴˵ʱı飬ǵ׼ӷϸԼǣȴ
ջߣȴѾ̧ˣӣȴƽȻ˵ңҵ·ˡ
Ц
رŮء
֮ǰȵģȴȻҪ֧ʹȴ˿˾ᡣˬʡ
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Լ֮õˣ
¼ȴסõһ㡪
ǣΪĶǿе͵Ļȴš
߽Сĵֻһϧ֮أ㰡ʲôһҪңҪһ˵š֪ҿ԰ġ
ţ֪
ȴҲֻ˵֪
شͬʱԲܿյ֡

 9 

¥չ˲ӣ΢΢ͷա
ǻɫģÿһһǵ͵ʮµա
Ѿǳѩءһ䣬̧ͷڿеĲɪȻһæͷëƤУ£ǲ߳󣬿첽߽С
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¥һ·ʹеĻƴкһԼĵߴˡ
϶࡭ƥסľġ⼸ˡĶЩСŤתһߣֻһ⣬ǣһ٣Ҵ٣ƾܲáһỹҪүǩƱݡ
¥ݵļ䣬ʵѾôʲô
¿һۣŶ
¥֮ЦֻԼʵĶࡣǧϲһҹŶӪȻǹŶǷԸһСİˡ
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֮䣬ͻȻס
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С˪ȥͷһԺſڵ¥
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š
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ֱֱסԼգۣΪԼǰһŻӰô¥ĿھǰԼϧţʱô¡˪˵㲡ˣ÷纮ġһ˵һΪָ´ı䰵ġ
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ôûû˳û磬û֮ûеһŵɡ¥롣
ڿתһأǱһŮӵĻûӦ
ȴųĬˣһߵૡ
ô
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Էʱĸв˰ɣ
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ʮʶ֪֪ȴ׿һΪԼôָڻգḧȥЩӨˮΪԼģʹİɡ
̧ۿͫԸŹ۵׵һ˿ţ֪ԼԵúԣǡǡô죬̲ס룬ǲǲҪء
ʵǸԶԼЦŵŮӡ
Ǽ¹⾰ˣѾ޷ʱ޴ˡԼĴɣûйʲô׺ڶʱڵĻϾȻ˵Ļ벻˰ɡߣģԼܹȻ뿪Ļͻ᲻һ˰ɣ
ԣԼ˶ĵزİɣ
ȻԼʱӵֳͷβ͸£·ԼС΢ȻԼ̫ųôԱҲӦõģĺҲǾȡİɡ
ڣҲȫûеġֻǣܹô
ģ̴Ӧ˵ģٵ¾ͻǳסһжġģȴ˵Լİɡ
ǵģҲ˵ģȵһ󣬾ͻ뿪¥Ҹءһжġǵġ
ǣͷʲôأ
ٳʱǰ
ŵ˪͵͵᣺ү³ԷСܸأԵҲˣԴӵҵ󣬻ûúóԹһءȻţүԺܳСô
΢С
ȵ˴ţ̧׼䣬ٲ䡣
ؼ䣬þõĻ
Ȼ
ѵöջܿһϦգӳ˱صľӨҲһȻƣӦĿȴϦµһĨɫӰ
εЦЦ
µĳǷɺϣǲʵ
ָ֪ôˣôǣԼǲڱء
Ҿ֮䣬ЩĿЦӡ

 10 

ص¥ǰҹŷǸȻصԺڽȥȴһյƵĵƻ
ߣҲ裬Ҳ壬ҲʫҲС£˶˵Ŀŷŵķ
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ԭͨкƽŻһ۰ɡǣΣȻ˿ڣһ㡣
Ȼ¥֮̾ϢվҪ
ʵǧѩʱĸо
ʱǧѩͫ޵ɨԺšʱľӵԺ䣬һǰԼոմ߳
˽ᡣ
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ʹǱԼ˽ҲΣοߡ
ǧѩûб顣¥ʱܿǺõˣٲԲ²⡣
ϧԵһۣ¥֪һˡˣԼܲӦأܸоԼ͸ȥԼȴ޷˼
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ָ𣬵ȴԽ޵ݵΡ
Ȼ̧ףȴֻǧѩһԶȥݱӰ
ΪʱǧѩָġΪ֮ȫûн֮нŮӣܵģǰ͸Сˡ
ڣ֮ԼȻ޹ʶİɡ
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ǡʣѵǵǧѩϢѵԼΪ£ǣԼ㲻㲻أɸɵһЦ޴𡣵ǿԿ϶һǣǰԼϵӹǶԼɷм˿Ĳءŵʱһ˿ĸӣΪԼѾɼˣȴԷ˰ɡ
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ӣҲƺǶùҲ۽һѩ׶ķաлû㹻¡ûҪǰ׼ģֻû뵽ѩµô硣ҪŵļƻҲ˵ˡ
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ֱ治Ǿ軹Ƿ·һı飬¥˵Ȼͷϧ֮СŮӶǱĻڻúϧġֹȴҲǳ磬ʹȻӡ
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¥һ˲Ļ㱣ʶղˡȻֻм䣬ûȷĿʼûСûнβģֻһһνնѡ
һεģġ
֪ԼһֱģԴǲмģȻղԼһ仰ƺǴۡʵԼҲ˵Լղһ仰⣬ֻǼԭĹִľȻľܾԼĶʱӿȻȻŷˡ
컹ǵǸɡ૵Ҳ۷ŵգȥϣԼĲ̫ԡ
ȻҲں

 11 

Щ֪ͬԼһϰ𣬵ڶ峿ȴķ˿ûжӱشʱֻ泯ţҲ֪ŵĻûСĽӸڴβ
϶ˮźϴ꣬Ȼûмже㵣ġʱԸϣЩٷˣŵ㣬ʲô򡣡
Ѿͷ飬˷ġһתҲ֪뵽ʲôӦţȴЦЩ죬зëŤ쳣
һ˵£Ժȥˡ
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֪ΪʲôԼ뷨
Ǻɵš
ķչԾԽС
С˵»ġ˵Ļ
˭ء䳰һ䣬ͷҲûд˱̧
ˡ֪ģ̲ϲŮӶҵ
ŮôƲ죬˿ϣ¥ҵҵǰҲ¥ϷھӪİɣֱ㸸׽ӹˣҲһֱ֮¡Ҳ⼸ٹ˰ɡ
һ¥ܷʹڣµһЩʸϵԱȻǡĸ㱨
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εõͷͷĻ
Ѿҳȥȴࡣ
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Ȼͷ·ܵ˶һ̽Ŀע
ƺѾǵһΡ
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˰죬ڷ͵̧ͷȥ
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ҺĲȻûгܳʱ䡣
ΪŰ̺˵ˡ
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ɻü޷Ŀڡ
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ŶǸĽͣļ޷ԼԻתңףĶһɹġϸĿ¼ڸʷܵġͻȻ𣬡ٱˣ⼸첻Ѿʼ׼ôʱˡ
ûӦĬ
ĳĬһֱĺ
һնŤÿë׶ɢŲڣܾ֮󣬲ֹԼϣϣһЩʱʱֵ
߳ǰ̲סګګǸԺ󡭡꣬㻹ټɡ
á
ԷɶûѯʵֱӴӦ־úһʼӦ˵Ҫġ
ԼΪʲôì
ܹǡ޵ߵװƳ˼ۣû˵ʲôæЯ߳š
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ӦõǸĶ󡭡ˡ¥뵽
ǿԺһƬ֮һɲǵԳӹӡ
ԼڴЩʲô
֪ܵġ
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Ѿ顭ӦԻˡ
һͬŵУºһֱ˱ϡʱڴǰ·Լȥҹظ
ÿӶ·ظһ㡣
ȻǿԼЩ˼롭Ҳûʲôõİɡ
ʲôģʲôġʲôģȥ֮һദǢĸо
ӺƵڴͻﰡԭһֱظŵģʽڴзֱǰıס
ګګšǰĹŶܲء
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׷ȥԼͶɻĿ̴٣ȥЩ׼
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Ȼ룬źֵദģʽأԽ

 15 

ʮﲻĵĻġصУԶ׽ڽУ˽УͬСܱ꣬ȱ˳˼ʱ
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Ƥִսٶһɣһ顯ϷҪˡ顯ܴһزףļȶǱټҰȥѵüһΣϧˡ
˵꣬ȴٴαɻ̼׺ݡ
֪Ҳǹټ֮һҪôѾԡ顱ĶûȤҪôǡ¥Ժһֲ²ɬҲҿˣȥ
ԱߣҲԸˣվ
һƳ֮޵Ĳ˳ȥѾʧ˾û
֣̾ȴһַâڱСתȥһ˫Ŀ⡣
ǿԽɬ
˵Ҳˣֻһ˫Ŀ⡭Ŀôǰ߹Ҳǿ˷ŵ龰ġεǡվҾף
ȻıҲȻߣһҲڳġ˹ȴһһĿĴȴˡ
ǣҲš
ԶףԶףأáֻһŮʮ꣬顪Լȴ˽ɳ顣

ȻûἰǼжȻȻɲ
ԣǺҲǵȻġ
ϣԼǷ˼ҵġûгקŹǿڡʱˡ
ǣһֱ˵ӣ˳ձҲԽˡ
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֣ġ˰죬ȻûҵҪӰ
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ȲֲǺѣûҵϵĽΨһĿܣġȻղȺӰ
ˡ
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˵ղŻĵ߿ھ޷ʰǷˡ
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ԼʱǴæʲôû˵ģȴڵ٩һٶʵľֱӦô붼˼ġ
ǣתۿ˿ǰŮӡˣɡ
վڼɽߣֱע⵽Ǽô£˼һ估һ̸ڰսУתĿ֮ңб°ͱܿԼ̬̾ϢΪϴεô
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Ȼ漴ڨЦһȴô˼Գûзء
֪Լǽеļ̹Դ֮һԭǰϲȴӡʳ˲䣬޷ĥԼĵ׶ϵĴ𰸵ڴ
׻ʧˡ
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⼸㶼ⲻϵҵˡ򺽽Եּһ䣬ƬȻûеõķϣƲЦôιƲ㣬²֪ʱŻˡ
ϴѣҵҵǣֿӼ£ҲǺĵ泰Цġʶʮ꣬򺽺ջʲôŮӣҲͬԼʲôŮӡ
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ҲǸΪ̵Ůһ
ٴûģƷȫ˵ᣬԸҲ˵رɫǣȴһǿİǡ
ֻͶѣΪ֪ʵϧˡ̬ύıʶûע⵽ֶסǵʹòüΨϸˡ̻ǽɲǱĶƽձͶͱķŮӵԼʹ˼ǲȥཻʶ
ֻһĶ̫ʱѾǺױǼ˸
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Σ̧ͷ֮ڳһˣԼ˵ҪԼˡ
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¥ֻһ˲䷴Ѹٵĳ˼ɽġȻûѾ󵽼ɽ龰
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Լ⵽ڸʲôźԼԼ˽ᣬ̹ȻķŭվȥҪηηӿΪΡɷϣҲС
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֪ǧȵĴڣȴǿƵֵز̸ЦŪĵ·ҲǼ˳ֵġ¥ĵԭҲ֪ġҲǵȻģȻҪףв顣飬ƺÿ˶֪ˡ
ǧת˵Ǳȶ˵ʱУãпҪ˼߶ء
أ˵Щǧת뿪ǰȻһ£Ц̻̼ãءǽ¥үҲһġ¥Ϸ˵񡣡ӻͳһŷ⣬ٸӡȻüɨ¥󣬻ʱȻӦˣǲʳԵġŶ˵飬Ҳ¥Ҷˡ
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¥Ҳ˵ġʱҲ˵֪ƽɵŮ¥Ұļܹʵѵá
£ӱ˵Ѿ潻ˣ䣬Ҳڱ˹ߡ
ǸǧʱӲŽŵʱ߳ھЩʲôȻҲ֪˵ġ

 16 

¥
˵Ҫھεġ˽ŮΪһʼ֪顭ʲôҪھΣŻôųûϢ
ߵ³·ӣǵʹĽëһ˲޹й©Щı
ǰԺķǡʱһȲʣ顱Ϸıѵ
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ԼҲеİ

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ת䡣ڽֽǿһС̣ѵô棬ϡˡ
߽ȥԵҪСˣȴʱɳ϶ʵ㾭ô
֪ôشŲ˰ɡ
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Ѿһʱ鼱ҺʱСʳԵļȥӳȴˣո˵ʲô
˵ȣתǸ˵Ȼ￴żªǶʵãζĺûˡ
˵Ѷ׾ӵÿЦˣ˵֮Ϊ֤ʵʳϲš
ǣոȷʵʲôɣüͷŵӣȻǺҪˡǲ֪Ϊʲôˡ
ǰǼ˱ŵģȻȴˡŽڽԼ˳֮һ·ûѣΪ֪Լǧܡһ˼ʵѲ¡֮ǰΪԼ˶ȥһֻСڴӶŪһǱ˿ųʵֻ̫Ȼ޴жҲһء
̶һʱ䣬ӾͶһɡԶԼ˵
֪ԼĵλʱͻȻ֧֧ĿڣǸҪҪһأеĵһ죬˵ϵҹкֵӡ
Ҫܾ뵽ƬǰҪƴľ˵˾䣺ðɡ
Ȼ˾ֱϡԼǰĶܲءһ˿ھ𡣵֮ǰһҲ֪ΪʲôǿЦˣĻЦǣһǺûзһֱˡ

 17 

ڶʱ¥ܺã˵ˬ˸ΣֵĽкѤõĽֵƣ˴Լ߹ЦţţȻǣһֻ۵֣˵ҹôֶ֣࣬СĲҪɢˡһ·ǣȥ
ˣһʱûжǽ쵽ǰǰǰĿš
һҾ۲͵ʱ򣬵׻ǱˡȻĽѾϵǿһվͷƤ顣
ڿ֮ǰСһȦգԽڹԲӣڲػת˰죬СԼСôȻϱֹ
ȷʵء
ƽʱҲˣ쵽ײѰӣȻܵòӰѵʱϢСģȺ˺ӺȨʵݹȥſɫ΢񵭵Ļ֮ǰȻѾ¥ң¥ҵˣЩ鼴ʹҲ˵ҲӦ֪ء
һֱϣͷβͷ顣
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룬ҲʲôУ̫ضȻתΪ˯ܸеģһ㣬޷֤ˡ
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˵ֻ𾪵ĻȴؿѹŵϢСĶ־䣬Լôдأɻдëʶղסġ
ϴȵһܹվȱߣЦСͷץˡүҲǹ͵ģֻСңȥ
ҪȥϴôĴϡ
ǵġϿ˿֮ǰԼȽǵı죬ֿ˿үΪʲôҪôصǡ
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ʱǰ˪ɫĳſʱ뵽ǣôˣ
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ܱ˪Ϊүˣ
˿̣һүֱͦűǣڳСԺĴϣ鲢Եúö٣Ҳ¥Լ
Ҳ첻ʲôƵգ롣ΪϿʼƺһֱڱķΧС
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ǣԪ¶ʮ尡ĺܿء
пţͻȻ֪Ƿ֪顣
һˣû뵽ô졣Աߴ񣬱ڨЦһ£ٵ嵭֪ô񶼾òʵٵһú£ԼΣȻˣˣʲôûˡ
ġοȴߡֱģȻģҪԼ۾ھʲô˵ЩʲôĿУͷһҲԲˡ
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վſڣȴǰҹС
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һЩ֪ˡӰɣǿ¥˵ʱı飬庮ţԪ¶ʮ塪ѡ˸ӡϲˡ
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Ȼϣġһô͵檣飬ϸ˰ɣ
񱻴ʹһ͵תôʧƽɫʣŷֱ¥ͨ塣
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ˡֻ룬ˡȵŵĲĲԵЩ
ת̨̫Сī֭˳̨Եôī֭һƬ˵ĳ䵽ʯʱȻк졣ͷʯϵī֭绨ȥӳɫеͳһֽī̵ĸɫʡ
¥Ҳ˳ۿī֭
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ԵһīմȾɫЬʱ뵽ǣϴЬҲҪЩˡ
ȻЦˡ
ƺҲһЦ㸲º̧ۿ˵ĥôϡīǲдġ

 18 

ıԵī֭һֵʪʪĲָֹĵһСƬԵˮգǷСŪġΪʱ¥Թ˵˵Ǹģ˵ĳ˵δˣ˵ţָһˮͽ˳̨Ҳӯӯһ̶
һ̶ǣЩ㶡Ȼ̧ĥãȻֳһϡǳĹɫʼ߶߶ʹַԽһˡʱڴЩ˵
˵Ѿ֪˵ϲ
ʱ֪Լ˵Щʲôֻе˵ʱ˵Ųˡ
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˵һͿԵȵ÷˫˫ɡ
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ԭôƻġ㿴Ǻܺ𣿡ȵһ䣬Ȼ֪Ƕ¥˵ˣڶԼ˵ˡ
ȴ֪һﴥǸƽûӣʱһִӱͳһȻϣġ檣飬ϸ˰ɣ
ʶʱȻתݺݵĵסˡ
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µ񣬼ʹˣʹˣʹĿܱԼ޶Եı·һЩȻûзԵĹִ飬һ¥ҲԼĹִӿŵֱҲдġ
ΪûٴԼľĵʱͣ֡
άűƣʹͷ¶һСƬ԰ϸĲ˵ĻǸд
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֣صĿϸѾ˰ɣĽ̸ָǰչֵǿ룬ֵⷢż¶𲽵Ŀ˽ӶϧǣΪ˵˳Įúÿһ˽ͷûеİɡ
Ҫ֪ҲʲôʲôⶼЭġ˵飬Ҫ¿һ¡
һΣԻ˵һ䣬߳鷿߲ѵתǣȴĴһҪŪøûпǵ

һƲ

ǡ÷÷ĽţԭҲ֪յġ
һᵽ֣ȻҲǵһʶԼԺ
ҡ˼βŴڤ˼л۵Ůĵ
ֻеۡοǰӽ˲ٻֵջ˱Щƣˡ
Щϵ飬¥С÷ӣʮ꣬ûв˽ĵµڷʲôֻԸ˵Ҳˡ
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վһ⣬ˣҲЦǡֻΥЦݻûüţزڽ¡
ͻȻסµĵ档
שţʯ׺ֵ뻹ܿĻ򷽻Բʯϵš̩񰲡ƽ
ڼǰҲһƬϣͬڿʱϣҪһЩĿȻĿСڵĲк֧ɢڵϡΪҪ˶ġʵһǾվʲôطҲܱˣվҲǡһ˵ʵҪˡ
ֻǶŵĳ
Ȼˡ
ȻǲкҲ˵ﲻ϶ǵפĵطˣȺҲٿĲкˡһ˫Ьӣһ˫Ȼ̤߲ռǰĵЬӣɫϸ棬ϺڽߣԱýǶıͼֻⷴ²ſ·
ЬռҰԼ˱˵ĵ·Աһ
Ьȴû
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˿ǧѩȴȻ¶ǵϢΪһġ
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ЦЦߡĴ𰸻Թˣֻĵʣ˰죬û?
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Ǳǵѽ磬ҪҵطԷɣ
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ջػӵĿ⡣ĲȶԵøˣ˼ڣҲζ˶żһӣ֪ҲڳԱá
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ڿ˵ʱһԵ˳վ¥Щ飬ЩϣΪһŮӣѾѧӦӦԡûϵתƵԼϡ
ֵķ˷
Էȴ쳣˵ڲ֪żٵˣɱȴиء
ǱãΪδḡЩü֪ô˲ûжٺøС
˵һҵ󽫱ϳءüëԴԴ״𣬡ΪʱǺ¥һġŷԭ·ˡǺǣǰȻԽһЩء
֡
ꡣ
ͬһֹΪĵˡȤ룬ǲ֪˳ֹԭǷһˡѾʼüˣ֪ĶŭùɽĿѾﵽԹԱտվһأԷɵЦš
㲻ǻô㡣򺽶˵ȻĿܿƳǸŮӣ䵽¥ϣͳķ¥үÿá
áϰĺˡؾֱ߱
ȻĻؾЩ⡣ϸһǰ¥ҶүȻͻȻܵĿڹΪϢһμʱȣЩƺһˡƬ̣ۣһָġȻˣͷ¥תˡ

 19 

үů¯ͱҶźˡϿ˼˰ԼӣɫüͷԥãǰС˵ӲҸոǵ·õġϷԺСҲڡ
ûйϵ̶֪ƣͷ
һ˯鷿ǱѾϢ뵽úĳһʱ̣Ҫٴεԡʡѵ⣬ǾԽˡСɣƵıȥѵʵ״Ρ
ǻǲúҪͷʹ飬ǰԵǡ۾һǰ˶İڷϵ׻ŷ⡣
߼Сŷ⣬ȴһ񡣵򺽽ŷ⽻ʱΪǳеԾ
ԾǵģŷȼʣͣפڡĮһϡ
Į
Ȼһ棬¥ǵǸˡ¥ϣִߣǵ֣ááǸ߶߶Ͱ͵ý¥ûмһ˿ζ̶ֳȡһŷ⣬Ҳǲˣп²֪жټҳ强Ļˡǵ˵ҲǻڸģǸ˾Ȼܰһһд¥룬ˣҲֻˡ
¥ʱСѾͷȻվԭû뿪
ԥһ£Ȼ˵ϵȥٷ˰ɡǿСѾͷȥţַȵȣԼȥˡ
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ΪʲôɿһǿԼȥԼԭͲϲ顣һҪôһҪôʱڣȻɻûʳڵġ
⾰ǰȴؿѹֵñܡ
ҲܣȻһûڶݵķɺֲŪһҵ䯺ڷ˱úϣߵǰ¡
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ͷרע岼ϣִ룬ʱʱ䣬ģڰд
¥ĶȻĶһƳҲµƷãһЩׯҲǺѷɫǹ֮ġָ֣ļ¾˶ġ
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Ȼת˹ֱֱĶסŷԭԼһʱ鼱ץסŪ졣
ĨĨָԷȻĿ֣˵ʲô𣿡
еУָָ֣Ӧøɾˮϴϴ
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ʶֻӴţЦһ£˹ȥ
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ڵЦݣ¥۾ʹ۽ӿ⡣
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һ˲п˺ڡΪʲôûŪ壬ȻԼĻش𣺡ǵģҼˡôΪһɷʵʸûô
ǣеĺˡ
֪ΪʲôˡģԼĻشȻԾ𾪡֮ǰ֣ѾĲֿܻ߱ȻҲͼӱܹɻ޷ĽʾƺʱһһɽѸС
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ڼϢ
̶ڳϦҹȫҵ״ġܺá˵ҹû޹ȱϯˡȻǶ黹ŭ¥ɰԿЦ
á
ƲǰԺյϹټ׼̻ڡֶŮ˵ĺһֱҪǰȥס
顪̻Ȼܹĵը˿ӳĵðͷѤޱȡ
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Ϊʲôʱ̼Ȼʱȷʵִһ㣬ǼȻڶʮˣƸʲôҲҪȥĺá
ƬҲûش¥Ҵҳ۹ںȻ̵жסҲ֪ǿʲôһ޹󣺡ôѵָıˣ
ֻԳĬһ˲Ѿ֣صתֱκһöȻϷ˳ƣ֮ǰϺ֣ΪôڶӦˣȷҲˣ㻹ʲôģ
ѵ⾪˸ˣĸæȰοֶ̡ŮŴ۾ڵתתСַʲôѤõֵ̻ȥע顣
ʱĳϣȻƽֻȻӲѾǺˣЩһ˾ͱеΡ

 20 

صԺУ¥ֱ鷿ȴסʲô˼
߮Ҳ˼
ʵʲôıˡ
ԭҲ̸֮ġ롣ǾǶ޷ȷ˵ǡı⡱һͬҲ޷ʵ뷨
Ǹı⡣
ǡ
ֻǡֻǡֻǣԥ
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ԥˡֻ˶ѡ
ԥǱ͸Ƥһֱӵһֱ۾
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֪Ҫʲôͷ˿żһ£׻̤˽šţȻҽšһ˵һĵûôˡ
ѾǰѾԼԵһȲ裬ٲȻ̸ơϵȵ̲裬¥ҹߺȵ⺮ɢζûڣѾˡȴϣ˿ûѣٻԵӱ״Ľڡ
հӣ֣ص㲻ԥġ
˵¥һ쳣Ӽͥˡ
˵˵˼ʹϵ˵ĹТ˳˵¥ÿһ˵ĹС¥֪ԭô֪飬ÿᵽһʱľֶһ㣬ֱߵ⺮㴼Ρ
ǣʱȴۣܿԣֻѡ
һ㶡
ȫҲ
ֻΪ¥ҵıΪϼ޵¥ңΪ֪ҵ飬ԡ˵ͣ㿴ֻŪˡ
ǵġ
Լ¥ҵӡÿ˶Լļӵġһʼ֪֪ҵġνġԼòײŽĶƺֻһ֮һʱɱΣ޴¥Դ˾衣֪ӦöԴ˵Щʲô

Ҫ
ӵġҪ˵
ǣǲ˵Ƶֿʼ˵
ʼ˵˵÷¥ҵĽ鿪ʼ˵Ŀأ˵ʮĸ顣·ۼһĹȥ׷ĵεΡȻȻһת˵ңǳĲִŵȴ
Ļʹ˿ڣҩ̦֭˿ɬʵζһֱյѪҺС



ⲻͣ֡
ĳΣһˡ룺Ѿɹ޷ˡ
޷ڷǣһǡѡƽĮı˵ţͣĳ˵ţֻظſڴһһϵĶǰ⺮ɢƵʹԵʲ壬쳣Ӳһֱս¥ǰ鿴üһЩɡʲôǶ¥õĽ
֪ˡ۽ͣãͻȻϣ졪һȥƸ񡣡
̧ͷֳӵĹâ
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 21 

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ȻԼһ̴ٵıЦ̾갡뿪Ѿ࣬ʹ׷Ҳǲġ˽˼飬ʵıϷѵҲǼƻõôʵҪһ뿪귴ųŴƵĽ˵ȥԽƯѾûйϵˡѾһˡ

 23 

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Զ¥˳ĬԶ¥ҼҷĬȴһֱάϵļ϶йһ˿ɬ

 24 

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Ϊ֪ʱҲʹġ
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š
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ѵĽҶСϵУһμҳЩȾѵЦһȴĺЦգ̲סֶŮӼۡ
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ŮӱС̯ǰŸʽƷȴת۹ԼߡȻòĿཻɲĴԭӿˣӿǰӰһŸɾĮ
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ΪʲôҪһʲŵߣ˿ɬҩ̦֭飬Ũû岻
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һһߵſڣ̧ſȥȻ˳ֹƫš
κһֵƵڼž᷿ԼԼĴ˳ڱĴϢǽй¶˳Ϊ˶϶ʣʧص·ѾѹֲٿƣǻкŵԳͣΪһΪ˵̬
վ档һ֮飬ȴûһά˫ϵ̬һĿ棬ǧĵһ㣬һֱһֱз绯š
֪˶ãһɺȻһ𣬱ͦ𣬼߿һԼĽӡϸȥŸӡǱżҪôЩǳĲȥġ

 25 

ŮӵЦݣҽ
תۣͬӯӯԣ磬˵ŮӳҪ˵ģ˾ͼ޸磬òã
õġţţش𣺺õġ
ŮԽģȴһ˲㵭ȥȥָıۼöһԼտյġ

һΣȴں洫
תȥȴתظһ⾰ɻޣɫޱߣˮ䣬ͷŮӳõԶţţֻ⶯΢΢׵Ĵ꣬ȴǴɢУ
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ʶѰˡȻҰڳĸףֻдƬĻ谵ΪһʱûлӦأæСĵĳһЦݣ漴ʵǡ
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 26 

գѵõĺ·ĻѩҲǲ̤ȥֵϳֳһƬľƽڼпϡů¯ߵģܵ͸͸棬໥к·ĹԲǴģǱǴ˵ҫġ·ϻڵţߵһۡǰȴͻȻŲһ٣Щ㶣漴뵽ʲôŵ߿ȥԶǴš
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ȴظһ飬һֱ֮ǰƳһȴǳȻ࣬һ٣紸İ³֣ǣҡ¥䵽زˣҡ

 27 

СʱûжµʱʼƵһЩһ죬ʵ̲סˣȥ̣̣ΪʲôǼ˵ǡ¥ҡģ˵¥ҡҵأһǶԵأ
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һԴͰ͵С˰ҲûпʲôȻȻҲûмŵүүģȻʲôĪүүǳһźôɻšͰ͵С֮󳤿ˣüĿˣ˵Ҳܵܵѣ̶ڵһݸǣǣ֪һݸǣĴڣ˶ڵܷܵһЩ
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ǧͫһƬڣڵ޲޹Ღֱֹ֣ŵı½ֻأЦòá

 28 

¥ƽ֪ǧѾˡҲ֪ǧ֮ǰƺ˵ʲôϧԶˣҲˣûáôأںЩںǡ
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 29 

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ûȫӶƾճǰ˵ľлѾǰֻһղ˻˼֣
һߣӵϿɫʣǺǵأ԰Ц¿һǧ۵Ϸ룬ȴһ˲ӵһȥͫڼԽֱһѹȥɱһָӸӵڡ
һ˿ìȻһ˲䲻Ӱ
Ȼ
Ľ쵽ñȸղŸӻٶͳһ̵Ĳ
ڵݵǰĲЩ
Įԭɫʣ֪Ϊʲô۵ɲȴǻĿһƬʺ졣
ȻϵЦǰ
ٷˣ쿴Ĳ˵ǿҪΪүµġСѾͷһһզģ巻ȾĲأɫ˵µгģֻȾƥѣֲء˵Žӳչ˱ϣȸԾͶȻүӣ˶Ȼʮֺÿٷˣ˵ǰɣ
ΪʲôһĻء롣
ˣʱϴıһ첼һƬз֮СѾͷѤЦݣΪһƬ̱뵽ʺɫʡ
ǵþԼǰչƥӵĲ֮һƬ̱㵽¥ϡȻǱϵĲƥƳӴȥʵ֤ϲ¶ˣȴڲ´ˡÿǺÿϧÿֻ·ѡǲ¥ʱӣôشȻɫһӽǸûʲô˵Ĺâʵʵڸ˹ȥֻԺһƬԭ̣Į
һ죬վ¥ҴſڣһƬ˵ءȻ𽥵Զȥǲһ¥桢¥飬ԺгͽһƬģӰֻһÿ¡
˿ּ̿Щ˵ĲȻ뵽¥ʵʺôɫʣӦøġ
ָ̧һһǵĽҿֲ̲һ׵ĳĲ¶˳¶Ļӳе졪죬УȷȷʵʵǼеĺ첼ŮӵЦݣӡȾ˳Ĳ̳һ̵ɫʱʹ۾

 30 

뵽ǸŮ
ʲôšɡ
һ˵ĿУʱŮұϣֻЦһ¥ҵųӣҵĶŮмְȻõĻһСŵļ͡
һҵĶŮڽ¥¥ı󣺹ؾصһŮӣȷʵģʤϼ֣Ҳжȡϵţĸҽ֪öȰݣһ˳⡣ҲֹڴˣһѰĹСѡ
żĹϵСŮӺܶ࣬ҲãҲã°ҲãɵҲãӺݵҲá˵۸ڶҲΪ۵Ĳһ˶ѡ
һλСȻڴС
Ȼһ죬Ǯƹ˵һλСִҪ

û뵽Ǹ¥÷
˵мҪֽϰϵģð֮¡Ȼжȣȴݲ԰סݡһΪ档¥ҵֵô¥ҵҲã¥ҵĲҲãûһ֪ˡ
ֻǣʲôأʲôֵһλСʧݵĹǰ˭ҪһŮתأ
˼䣬Ѿ˹һϣȻһ̲
룬ץǰǽʧѪļΣȾǷĪ֣أҲҪȥӹȻԷȴάŵڰյƣһʱ֡ע⵽ҲԼеʧͫ׽ţ޹޲ȴƺ̲ĳǰһ˲һַߺޣһ˲ֻ֪һְˣգֳһεεĿ־ͻںޣҪϸϸĦʱѲƽǧ˿Ƶϲ򱯣򰧣ŭڣգ濴͸
ջʱȻͻأᳶһЦ漴һ̺ľԼе;ƵȻ
ʱв֪һЦ֮˶Уֻע⵽ָɿʱ򲼽ϻ޵ĺۼ
ὫŵС
ֻʣһ顭ܿ졭أһ䡣
ŲǺҪתģתıӰķ·һֱȾˡ׷ʣĲµһŲԺˡ
ôһ̣ԼǸŮһеС
룬֮Ի뵽ЩΪ˿ҲһЦݡ
Цݼɼ
ûۣû죬쿪ڵĿҲɵĸо
ӦǵĮǳɫԼΪʲôһЦݡ
ǰŮӶĿһ䣺׻д˰Ӧӵģ¥÷ҶģиĹ鴦
һ̣ͻȻס߱ת˹
Ĳ
ꡣ
ԭɵͬͫһ
أղ˵ġѸôһ£
ԭڿ˼׼һ߿ϷֵʱĹƣʱȲʼͲӢձ˹Ϸ롣䲻⵱һһûԤķȥǾһԸҲվ̨˿ֿ˿򺽣ֻ֪ԼһǵĽɫ
漴ʼڣôſѵЦվķҪˣϷ
ǣһǼտڲ˵ֻ࣬ҲתĿˣһβŷжÿ࿡ƵôҲˡ
ֻһ䣬˳ˣʹûһԸĥīݱʵźţҲҪֳһѪôţ֪ЩʲôûҰɣ
˵ˣ̬ҲʵˣȲ֮ǰʱ٩٩ӦȤ
ڣ̾˿ðɣҲ˹ٰģ㻹ǻ֪
ǽ¥ҵ˵ˣһƽĳšʱɫƽҲ죬Ŀڽǰľϣ
һ̶ֵֽģȴǲûн÷ʽ룬ġ
һ
Ҳԣ˿ǧǣֽһ̵С
ĬΣֻƲƲ죬ɫ糵ıй˳淴˵Ǿȣ˵ǸĳǸӣһָػһ¥ǸжʹˣҲϣܺǸ÷ͷʲôҰĵģȨơ޵ıģƾҲҡҲܡ
ȻٵЩԥ촽Ϻ⶯˼Σ׷һ䣺淴Ǵôβ೤
һ꣬ǻˡ֮ǰԴ̵һʵûˡһ֣𰸱һ֣һ̣𰸱һ̡˵廳ŵһ̬
ȻҲûش
ִŵĿ򺽣һȴǵͷĿĶŵϡ
ʱûлش𣬱Ҳһִˡ
һ㣬Ҳ֪ġ
һЩ׽˰ΣʧζҲҪ˵ʲôģڣૣںõֻ֣޶˻ȥƺʲôȴû
Ҳû˿ˡ
ţҲ֪˼ƮȥˡǻһأǸɢȥϵһأǻްδأǸ׷䵽Щеȥˡ
Ҳ֪ĳĬ˶ãҲ֪һʱжͷԺתȻعʱһ
ҲǲŻ
޵£Ի޵£Ի
Խ೤Զֻʮ֣૶ģͣٴͣ٣תϣ󵹷ʫʱ̶ˡ
ԼתĿڵν¡ĵ£߳һЩֻǼŮϡΪʲô¡ԼԼˣ˵ˣǹżҰ־ҲûǺǣݣ⵹Ǽ¶
֮ǰϣԸȴɮ붨ֻ۶ס˲ţָ죬߶򣬶¥ȫΪ˽ӱǣϾҲһʱģԺ׷ҲǲġҶ˿̵Ѫ飬¥ҳ׶˸ϵ԰ǵˡ̶أԻϽʮ˼顣
ͻȻƼͣͷһһűõĲѾʳһţһ֮²֣һƬİӳ̵Ѫɫٴۡ
޵£Ի
䡣
ʮһ֡
ڡ¥ϡ
ŽҿʱָһմȾѪĳĲɢ˿ɫȣ־ױڳ˵ۡ
꼴ڳûеῴֻϻһǼǵ˳˳ˡ
ԭֻǾŴʹ۾귴˼ΣǾҲʹȥ
̶̾ŮӣյĶʹĵһʼûкøУҲᱻжɣ
ЩĿ꣬㲻Ůӡ
ǰǰҼȲŮӣǰƳƳˣֳ˳ޱϳֱףʹҲҲܿղȻ򶨣ҲȫȻ޶Եġ
ǾԭԼѳ˻档
ĵһ˿һȣȴ˵ߡ
򺽡
תĿ򺽴˿εĶ޷һֱǡ
ԼѰʲôѰԸ޶ԵӡأԼνţֻŻĵס̡ľһЩѸٵ
ͣϴܣջ˿ࣺ˵Ĳ٣
˵Ǽĳ¶Ҳǻ᲻˻һµģοǸˡ
˵¥ǸˣȻųһ㣬һ֮ˡ
˵ȻûѾ淴¥ҼµҲչˡ
˵һŮϻة࣬Ҳ֪鶮øжĵ
̶ձȲء˾ӷ˿ίʵֱֻͬ㿴͸ǬѾ̹ĵԸˣʵţŻѪпϰɣ
ᣬ

Ҳôһ¶ԼСĴڻĲţԼĸԸñ˿һ±ҲˣǱӲǿԳڡı¶˳ȥҪ߳ŭġ
ˣֻǿһ¶һ˳һۣ¸ǲ˵ġ
Ȼ޶ż
ҲҪһġ
ɫ䡣
ͣʱǰĶˡʹһ̣һ˫΢˸ʮֺĸпȻеĹâ˵һˣ˵ɱΪһָޱߵĿն
Ͽᡣ
ɷ

ֱˡ
·ֻһǱΪһİˡ
һİꡣ
˵ǹⲻ⣬ֻһַʽҪͣԼĻϣȴѡһ֡˵ǹءΪԼԷĻŪòãҲЧȵĲöԷùԷˣͬķʽҲ˻ȥԼһС۵ءƲһҵЩʲôأ׻ѪԵ԰
֮ǰȴ侲
ʲô˼Էһ򺽵Ȱ˵˵Щʲôɣ
Ȼһദ˵֪꣬Ǵ˿̵Ǵûмġʵϣɾжܹꡣ
Ϊÿ˶ᴥʹߵİɡ
ΪԼⴥʹ߰ɡ
û˶˵ЩʲôֻԼĲ²ѡȻɫأһ룬Ǹ

 31 

һ½ӣֽһƬӰ棬һ̺ŷǰһƥֻͨڣѰûϰͷŲʱȻƵģһǽƱĿ
ʹ⺺ҲȻԾǧĲ֮ƫ˾Ƕ޶ϲҲƽǽӣų̡˿ýˣоıϢԼͷϵģһͷƤ顣
ǣ˼˵ҲǸȻһǣƿó
˳ڴлǣһƥֻǲƥ߽ˡԭһӡҲŭֻ΢һ£̧ڡ
үдԭⲽ߽ͬʱ۾һѾ첽ӭ˹
СѾͷϲʵʲôô
ˣղˡ
ôʡ
ˣҲ֪ġ֪˻⣬ǲԸнġƫ֮ȨơЦ٩ǹӲŵС֮ȻԼ鵹ν˽ƾĲһϲ񡣺ҷɵһƺûҵãҲˡ
ˣǲϲġ
뼰⿥ֻԺյҲӵеĲְԸ˼䡣
СѾͷ֣ţǡҲǣǡ֧֧ᣬǷǷǡǿʼûڣôǧѡľһçײĺͿѾͷߡƫƫʱأԳšд䡭ֵǳ˫ʲôĻҲ֪뵽ʲôСѾͷ
һŽԭȷ˵ģֻǲһˡڶȴİģͷͣſڡ̵Ǿ¥ȥˡ
ôûݣ
ȻСѾͷʱ˫շɺ죬أһЦϱ˼ƽϣ
·һϵ¥ٽţһ˽Ųվ¡
ˡ
ȴúֻ꣬һûмġ»壬׺֮ݿʣ̬ţݲףҲʧɫʣҲѹСѾͷΪ֮ʧ˳ڵ뵽һˡ
±λἰȴһֱԵʶˡ
ֻǡ
ü
ȴû˵Ҳ߮
޷²֮ǰ﷢ʲôţڵδһЩɡ漴㿴Ѿ˶
ȴƳŵŮӡ
վǶ򺽵Цһ£һ·ϣҲˣ˸׼һͷȥ˵ĻˣȴüһĸƣȻˣ˹֮˵ۡ

ȻʱȻӣˣ㱾Ǿϣиۡסң˵öˡ̶ֵǷҪԵģȻȲϽ¥ľ²ȣѵ³ϰܲ᲻Ӱɣ
򺽿ǸվſڵŮӣɫӡȻһЩںͷҲֻſƵ̾ϢӦһá֡
һĽŲ¥ȥˣĮŴӰ˳ŮӵӰһ·µԺкȻͣҲ֪ʲôһƬɫʣԺеüãȻ۵սУٴ𲽡
һֱǱӰʧ¥תǣ۵׵ҲûȥתĿʱؾ۽һӰɫʡ
ڡ
Ρ
ͻȻйһЦ̧ЩӲգ˵ûȷʵӦźӲȥϻĺ룬һͷĸϻڲûпɺϷԼ˽ȥʹ˵ţȴ͸һ˿Ȼı顣
Լߣ˵Ǹġ˼˵⣬ҲάŮӵζˡ
Ҳ֪ġǡߵˣһҲ׵ǡ¥ûôĬأ
Ȼ˳Ȼд飬Ȼûйϵˣʲôϵ˿ԼĿ΢һסЩ˵ҲաµĿˣҪġ
Ҳǡ
һˣһ˳£Ҳ֪⻰˱Ǹֹ˵ġ
תһЩĻ⣺λһǾ˰ɣ򲮸ǰ˵һˣ˹Ҵء
ǱȻӦԡ
ֵҼɣô겻ҼͷʹҲû߶ģ˳㿴ҵ
۹üǳ
û˵գ㱻˴ϣͦõġΪ˺ӵĹϵ˷ˣҲºˡ㵽ʱԼʶȥ
һ٣״˵޷ҵĺۼˣð
վڴ˰Σ֪һЩñļҳˣҲȥˣֻԺй˹硰¥顱ȼ򵥵ۣʹˣѾܹµһЩ
ȻղŮԺеıӰ
صġ
ġ
ıϣһ̵ּ֧סȴ޶˵й¶ధ
ǵġ
ˡ
İˣȻ뵽˶֮ǰһ죬վո׵ķͷСͦñֱȴڵͫӯ˺Ѿ˫ȴҵ÷·˵͸ңʱģԥģһظ硭
Ůӣ𵱳ǸڽߵķͷߵСŮѾɳࡣ
Ȼ
ϸţţϻţţţȴҲţ¶ţţšǿһŮŸĶǿƣȴһŮӣż̵ʵʵӵ
޷ȥ޷֮ˡ
ۼ񣬵ôһУյϵϢվڳԶԶӷƳӰĶ۲ޱϲá
ϲȴէʱֹͷ
㲵ݣ˵һֳ;ƣ˵һĵķǡ
ھǰãûڴеĸˡʵ˶Ը۵ż᲻ӹһ˿͸
һ鶼Ѿʵˣʲôأ
²͸
ס
䣬һϵأһ¥ҸۡһЩʲôأ
⣬ȻǲᵱġˣҲǲõ𰸵ġ
תͷڡ
棬ˡ
Ȼǳһ˿ЦνеЦȥˣŪŲߵſڣһſЦȳĳſͣһƥǧԣ˹ˣû뵽˻ֻһλء
һѣŸԶõѣҲѽӽ
Ϻõ⺮ڣ״ἰǴϷİɣ֪û˵һ顣
ָ֪ʲô£
ʵѾЩʱˣ˻ʰģҲ֪ҲżʣΪͬǣйһ֮ԵҲǺͶһΪǰһʱ̸ʲ̾䣬ҲġƵ˵ţȴҲ˵һ
ҲǺģ졣
˵ֻ֪أϾҲǷֵؽϵġˮ˴е¥ҡβ˵üҲƵһһЦ֪ģ˵ǣϵıȥˡ֪ǲ飿
ȷ¡
ϳΪ͢ǻ˴ıҲ֮Уȴǣ֮㣬ϲݸĹ١佫иϵءȻ̾ϢһԭΪ¥Ǹ˼ңü˹ȥҲû뵽¥ǿһݵˣȻҲᡭ
򺽵Щ¡Щ˶һӿ͸ġ
¥ޣھǣٳ׷¡
һ˲ӻԵ꿪˿ڣξ¥飬¥ûиϵˡ
ǱǴˣֳ˴Ȼĸˣ¥ҵĶүԭǼ䲻ϲģôûһˣȴαƵЭıһֽ飬ãҲһ֪
ʵĳҲмֽ飬ҲǴ֮ˡ
ô˵һԵ˵ˡ˵⻰ʱ໥һۡ
Ȼ򺽵һڵ֪˵ģһԣ
ĵЦȴȣôû˵ô΢ǰ㣬Ҳȥ˵淴Ҵݺ¥ء
ɫ࣬ԼȴأԹЦĳǾʮ֮ɿġ¥ұף¥ȫڻȪ԰⴫ԱضЩϲ֮ġˣһıȥǷ¥ȥλǧҪȥ
ȴúЦɫӵתۿһɫȻ򺽣ת˻֪Ǵ˵
һЦĳţҲڹٸıһСĴöһЩġ
ֹǫǼҸʱᵽ֣ҲΪҳ㡣˼䣬ϸʣ¥ǱѾ˽Ų
Ȼˡ۵׶ʱӯЦ⣬վ첽ӭ˳ȥ
ûж
ҲûСֻѹૣǸԣ֪˰ɣ
ûȥʲôˡ
ȻҲûʲô˻ش

 32 

ֻһĿۣ˼Ҳʼ
һѺҶֽɡ˹ˮ̫ҵúܣȥɡ
ֽ̧ӹɡ㻹أôͳءСһЩ
ѾѾ׼˽裬Ů˽æ£Ȼ㱻ǲȥ
ݵʱܡΰ趼ǼԼҲʧ⣬ó˵˼ƷζǽϵֻҲңǹϣһ磬βš赤֡ˡ赤ı֡Ͳڣ黭һһȫǹͬһˣ¾ǡ
뵽
ŮӺЦյŵʱҼʱգû뵽ô
ˣҲģֱ˲ų˵˼ա˵ʱϸϸŮӡ
ڿŮӵʱŮҲڿ
Ŀ˸۽һֱת½ǡڵ۵ףһЩһЩȥһЩɫϴӳʵɫʡ
ٵ󣬻Ů̾Ϣһˡû뵽ʱô졣
ʱ죬һˡ
ꡣ
ѾǸʵѾǸʵۡ
ˣҲѾǸˡ
ꡣ
ʱͬʱҲڱ仯ûʲôԶᾲֹġ
ֹģֻǵļ䡣
ԼЩӡеĹ¡
ỽһŮӵ֡õ֣֮޶˵ĳ˵ʲôȴſڵһϡ
Ůһ£ѵ˴ʲô𣿡
ӴŽһۣһ뵽ڣ㿴˫˫ŵˡʵӦϿʣһϾüĿʹ˸о޷׽ЩᡣԭһæɫҲǲˣһм䡣
һʵҲʶˡ
Цһ£ǰ
ҲˣҲһۣľһİ쳹ţ¥ʮ˱Ϥ
·ǿ˼Ȼڣѻ¥סһûƽƣ̶Ӳ
£¥¥лִˣվ˴
֮ǰѾֹסлʲô죬ǶһԩҺԼЩԾ֪ԩˣƽҲӦְڡôҪܺȥлĵ
ȻӵɫӲݡ
¥εĵһ£гر۰
ŮԼߣҲлҡֻй
ȻҲǼǵõġ
Ȼǲ֪ǮȨƣһЩܹһˡһͥδʲôӰ죬ǲ֪ԣȻʣȻߺޣʵѾһеȴմġ
Ȼû뵽תͻȻ
ǰѺ˵۲ûнԼѺ̳
֮ϣĿȻľȻýԾǰͬǣһȴȴΪ¥ҷȴǻ¥ס
̡˼øߺϡϲۡġʱȴ޷ĸܾϲá
˵˷ųߵĴԡ
˵ǣϵķС
˵Ը¥һ
˵ٸṩ֤ݡ
ȵȣȵȡ
һôͻȻϸ㱻֪ͷš
Ҳˣִ˲Ż˵жɡ
¥ҵѾǵ¥ˡ
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ֵòú֧Ѿã׵˼һӼûʱѵģ඼˯˯ȹȾһʵĲҩζò׽Ϊַ˵Ϣִһ
ڴͷ̾ϢǹҪģֻ¡֮¥ǷǺӵģֻԶҲˡ
֪¥ƽϾжϵ֪һ¥Ҳüᶨ˵šҵ㡱Ůӣһڰ˵šҲ¡ŮӣŮӣ¥ƽ飬Ȼ񻹲Լ
϶յǱţȻ죬ģֻЩ¼ֽϵ֡
ĺҸ
һ뵽ǸޱˣͿʼΪʹĵˣҪίİɡ
˿Ķӣһ
ʵ˿㣬һһҪ⡣
Ⱦһ£ʲô
ƲĿ˿˶ԱߵӣȻۣʵǡǷΪ¥ҵԵʶָģ
ԣϵɫ죬תͷ˿ӡ
ӵĿɡ֪Ϊʲô¥ܾ˿̵·øӽӲһЩ
죬ֹ̧ش֮ǰҪ˵һǣ㲻õʲô»ʲôˣʲôе¥еϧ߾ȫԣһҪʵĻشң
Ůӿӡ
Ůֿ
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 33 

С壡
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ȴСŮڻƵ˵СҲ˵Ժ÷ʱſúƯء
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˼һŮС壬Сʲôʱ˵أ
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ʱգǵἰ󲻾á
ԭȫȻ⡣
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СŮ۵͸ɻҲ֪ΪʲôǶΪСãҺϲġСûúƯ־Ҳ˵ŵʱ򣬱ϵСͰ͵ģͳһ
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СüС͸ҵġ
Сȥ棬öóԵġջţƭš
Уϲġ
СŮʼҪ뿪
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 34 

֣ϵ渮
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Ҳ˵ʼŤתõķء롣ǲı˿ 

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һֱάŵüƣϣָ˳ָ¶һǡָһɣɢ沼壬ƽЩһ˲ȻԼֱ֣ĵ˵ͷȻ󿴶һǵӺڵ¶ЩɵЦݣͷһȴҲ˹ԼӦʲô󣬲ɵĿʼü
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ٻ˼һ˻ڶϣȻʱʶͶԼϵӴӰлûü̧ͷȥһģͳģɽĹӣ೤

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ƹף򺽽˻÷ſڣ˵Ŀ⣬ɫҹУͫ׶治İһЩ·𼴽ӿȴ˺ڣҲ֪ԼҪЩʲôʱЩꡣ
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Ůͻﲻ࣬ʱҲֻƴ꣬ˣȥɡ

 38 

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ǣʱֻ룬᲻üįء
Ȼһ꣬ͻȻᵽһŮӣ˵һԺҵˡһʴ֡ʱҾ룬ôҵˣҿǸðΨһãôء
С۰ңʲôңʲô˳ҡ̺Ǵ˷ĹڻĮɽ½ƽֽϷ·ҲմȾŸصǣſʼġԽԽģһطĳˡʶֻּһʴˣ֣˱飬ռԽԽƪʱѾȫȻմȾǸСˮϢˡ磬ҵĸ簡Ǹɽӡ޾ĸ簡ȻĽŲȻ˽ϣ
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ҵĸ簡
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ôʱͿأôǸ˵ʱͿأˣôأôͺͿء
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һֲģ磬ôһ죬ôһصĻᣬʲôôҶصġҷġǰҵĸ磬´ֵˡ
Ȼ󣬼º󣬸һ͵˾ǣĻһϢҪˡ
ҿţЦˡ

 39 


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 43 

ֻų˵šûá֮Ļˡ
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һͣһ룬ʵôˣֻƺǽҿô͸ˣϧȻһ٣棬ӿһǿӲ
ץסȴ͵һ۹ǰʹҲȻֳɫ
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촽⶯ôȴûͷһ䣺˵ʲô
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Цָû뵽죬ڱ˵վǲҪЩ

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¥һ̱ڼװϣƺԶҹĻУƺڲԶĲϡ
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˵Ҫôܷ
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û˵꣬¥ҰѾʼתΧƺķܹ۵ҵֻȻ󣬱ȻûȫıǸУ·ҲӶȥ

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һ㶣۹ƳӳǸӰʱȻ̾Ϣ˳ֱŮӵļڻУɵӡ

 46 

վԺſڣЯ㾴ʱ뵽ƻʱ뵽εƵһ̣ˡԼվȺߣǰǻѤõεƣ˴˵ȴǶԷ˵ŷεʱЩʵ飬ȴһеĸˮ档
飬ȫûеġ
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ˣһʱ޷ƿ

 47 

ֽ¥ֵӦ޴˰ɣ
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