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һ 
ӽ쿪ʼҵԺ׼ٿӣǹҲԡĳв˵ 
ҳģסģ˯ģҾΪɡĳ˵ 
ҵ壬㿴ҲˣҲˣҪǲȢңҾ㿴ĳ˰Թ˵ 

 
µŮô࣬ʲôҪʲôãֲƯʲô˶ϲ۾Ϲ˻ϵŮ˶ˣҪѡҲѡһǰȫͬӣԽԽˬ


ڸ飬ǲֲ֣֡ൽֵĸ飬Ų׸ռȥˡ


ǩ ֮ ֮ ж
ǣε  ǣ磬  ¥

Ш


һƬֻ֣˶ۼڸ︮⣬Щ˸վſھִٲÿ˵϶˲ı顣
ֱˡ
һ˶
ˣڶʲôʱˣʲôôͻͻȻʧٲˣһսۣͷӢŮӴԿɼɫ
ǰľ˸˵ؽСһֱ˵ƣūǴȥɢɢ˵ԺȥûڣܳȥˣūһСӣһ˵һ߿Լӵ飬ûŭձ˵
ūǲǽǰĻӲǲҴӦֲСӣҲֻôӦСӱϸеĻſԳȥСӾҶ˦˻͵͵Ǳȥ֡
˵ʱ±ͣȿķӦ׼˵ǡ
ʲô˵ȥ֣һôߵȥǽȥûУһ⻰ΪֳرҲסˣֱǰȥʹ¡
ؽлСӲĴѲˣҵҶʬ塣СӿҲ֡Խǰ֣κҲýȥūǲҽȥΣūŲţлȥѰңֻȥȴȫûϢūżϵ뽫±˵ǰ˵ɫһɫԽԽԼŵĳһ亹ٶˡ
ֳһ⻰뷢һڲ˵ʱˣҷ½꣬һģԼ˵ĻǲΥڵ֮İȫ¾ҪȥŮǣʱŮҪˣȴ֪ȥ۾һŪãȫ¼˵ɶôȥˡڹؼôӳʱҺôһ룬ֳص±˾
Ǽ໤ȥϸϸһ飬ûүټֳתǰһŵĻ˵ٻһȦеū̴ӣǳ˵
֮£ɶй¶䣬˵ү岻ڸ˭ҲԴţ֮һǶӦ֪ûУ
һ⻰ϣ뵽ǰԴѱ֮˵Ĳ̣ŵ˲Ұӹ£ūǲҡ
ֳؿⷽ£֪˻ȥӣתԷµ˵еİѰңмǧ·жŮ𣬾˵ⲡᴫȾѻϺ£֮Ͼϡô
ūףֻǽҲֻϵһʱŮǣҲ׼˵ǰ룬ɲǸõİ취
ֻ֪ϣƽȻǿɡֳһⱳϵ̲סģǧҪ°
Sĳ칫¥
߳ҡε˿ʱ䣬ˢϴεļ¼α˰Сʱŵİ칫ңһˣƴҶѾȥˡ
翪ᱻ˾Ϊϰҵûдﵽ׼ȻѾϰˣЩҲ㲻ʲôĻǻصλʱ̲סļ˦ڰ칫ϡ
ελϿŴĸ¥̫ЩƣŽھҪȥˡ
ûҹ˾СְԱ΢ĹƴšԼŬһһߵ˽졣ÿҪǿܵ㱻ԼҲǺЦաֻ˶ˣҪǮʲôáһ뵽;Լìܡ
ƽ׽˵ʵ̫ദÿαЦݣߵͬദ㲻һ,ֻ֪һʵöܱΧˡ¡޹صӲᣬ²ؼ߸߹ĵʹ
ֵȥڹ˾еķˡεһ뵽Ĺ;ûΪǹ˾۲ֻǮµģÿ˵ĺԼȥ۷ʵȥ¡û취˭Լǳ͵ÿɫϾھòãҲҡΪ棬ô̡
ʰϵļεԼҪõļݣȻŽ߳˰칫ݡ
ҪȥİϤŮ
εԱߵĵһ˵ԼͬС漴˵ȥģȥ͸ڹ˾Ķȥ˰Ȼ֣ͽ˵š
߳˾Ĵ¥һֵȵ죬ֵֻϡٵļˣͷϵ̫Ҵ̼ϵëϸѪܣȵļֱˡ
ۿֻϵʱ䣬뷴;ȥĿȰ
߽ӣ˿紵¾泩ˡ
εͷҪϢȴԼűиСӰͿԼµӰԽԽȻ̧ͷһ崹ֱصѹ
룬ǰɣԼҪѹˣ

 2 

Ŵ壬ʵ֤ǲǮģǡǮûУϾȻ˸
ôĿǰԼأεȦܽеĳŮȴֻǾòǰŮǧ֮һǰ˯پ£ѩ͸һµŵʣһϮɫĳȹԵǰ˳ףñһȾǰŮǾϵŮεֻǲ˿һһֵĵĸо
˯жأأôϵأ·ôأεźܶʡǰŮǸա
ϵ˯ĺǺ˯ĲǺܰȡΪ˵üͷһֱ΢΢ţЩʹࡣҲʱʲôֻ˵ʲô
ò˰ɣεҪҪȥ壬ʱϵȴ۾ϴżƣ룬дżʺ룬ֻ˼ֳ֣ܵĽëС۾΢΢ſ£
ʱҪѵûУֻõָ֪󣬲ܻ۾
һ۾;úڰ͸ż˿׹⣬ЩֱۣϡؼΣ۾Ӧֻ۾
ֻӳĲԼϤãԼϤŻ޴롣
ǰİܣЩ¡תͷεʱиǳŲ졣
ʱĳεŴϵˣȴֻһ뷨ǾŮ˸˯ѵӲһˣ۾Ǹĺÿ
ô˭һŵʵϵǲ˲ҡ
ҼңҴģҽгεεһͻشе⣬ˮȻת˱ˮݸ
ЩѾĴӴ֧ӣ˫ֽӹˮ๾ࡱؼ¶ǣԼЩָԪֻǻûʲôӲһۣձһֱûУ˵´ˡ
ǰŮӣЩ죬ΪԼ֪һͷͷɢ򵥵ķٶû纣ͷҲûЩϴ·Ǽδδţ·΢΢ϹϸϸӣҸ첲Сȶڿ֮УװߺæƿԼߡ
εǰŮĪ죬ԵǸǽ޶ˣ޸пŮŮиôˡ
ﵽС뾩жԶأеʵ
ҼңҰģֻ֪֪ʲôεǰˣĻش
ллСҡĵ˵
лңҪллպҵۣȻֻᰴͨ绰ҽѡεЩΪĻشšϾʵԼ˳۵ҲǰæоȻѣŲôķİ˷Լ
ȻǰŮӵĻǺܶҲ֪ľԼҾʾл
֣ôȵԼĺľһͲϳôȻķڿ˿յǳεȹ°ʵʵž˾ȡ
ľʲôװǹ㣬ڹ컯֮´˱¶δЩ̫ðɡ˵˷绯ǰŮǾԼˣ˵ίЩ
¶εͷԼţ׳Aȹǰ칫ŮĴˣı¶
ﵽﰡǴڣΪʲôҵЩҶûء˵Ĵһ˫ƯĴ۾Ҳʱڳεϴת
εЩɵĿǰŮ
òỹΰɡ
ôãûʲôأסҪǲԶȥɡôȥ˻ᵣĵġε˵꿴ʱ䣬쵽7ˣϱпΣڹǸϲˡ뵽ЩꡣǺȰǰŮͻȥȽҪȻԼʲôˣӦûܵİɡ
ȴ̾һԼҲΪʲô
ҽˣ󽫾Ҹ·֪ˣҼھŶʱϻָЩɣ۾ֱֱسųε
֣ϻ¸ãεдģȻҲʵһɫĽ»ŽߣĵƤۣµ٣СɵϵҲ˰ɡ
ȵȡոջ˵ʲôʲôʲô󽫾ŮˤӰɡ
ʱҲ͵͵ĴųεǰŮ˵ζȻ˵ƽܹƧ˵Ҳ൱Įûйı飬˵Ծֻǵķһģ൱ء
Щĳһ뵽ԼϾǸδ޵ӣһŮӣЩ񲻺ϡ΢΢Щ죬ȴû취תơ
й㲻ⶼ֪ɡεü˵
ЩǰŮǲɵˡ
йʲôô
ййε˵һ룬һɻͻȻһûҲûоطҪˤӣƽʱС˵̫࣬ḻͷ
ľֻ֪Сꡣ
εǰŮɫһˢٶת࣬һţתȴһƽƽ֮ȴĲɻ
ǰŮεЩϧ˵ˡ
˿϶ˡ

 3 

ȴֻᡰมһԼ˼òһһ
˰Σ˵Ҳ֪Ҳ֪ΪʲôԼ˶٣ųεļ˵ֻڳǰúüʶ͵ܳģĻûҪƭң֪㲻ţûˤӣҲûк˵˵ġ˵ԵЩԼ˵ǷӰɡ˵΢΢ؿЦ
ЩûԼΪʲôҪ͵ܳȥȻԼӦںúõţȻԹԵĵȵ¶ŮӭȢǶİǰİŮӡһ뵽⣬۾ǷỨ
װװεǰŮǴʲôģ˵ˡǿ˵֪Ӧûʲô⡣
ôǸʲôĹң֪Ҳ˵
εҪװԼװϵĿҲǸϲˣȨһڼˡ
ֳأĽΨһĶӣ֮ʮꡣ˳εĻǿʼԱš
ӣȵղûɣǰŮǸеġεɴ۾
еģЩţӦ˵ǲܽܡ
еİóε
εŵİǰһգߣǿ·ǰƽ̹زŵ£ظʱȾһ糺졣
εĺᣬֺᲢԣǻûã
һĶһǳɣĲŷӳЩ΢ڸǿšѪˣ㶵Ŀųε
ΣȻеģеû´ʲôȹӰεʱЩƽˣеĳıŮˡ
ҡҡӶŵİ˵⻰ɰתɺתףڿҲҲˣԼôأ
ôô̰εСɰת죬ɺתΪ졣Լϻиոմ¡
㴩̫ˣġ˵ŸϰڿС
ӦʱԼ·Ѿ´룬һæץϵıס塣ĲޣԼʮȫǰŮˡôԵԼδ
ݺݵصǰԼŲȥ
ιͷҪԵʱͰѹõŵڡεԾظ
ûиϣԼءɱļֲǼʳز
ֻǼΧűӣڴǣֻ¶һ˫ȻֺݺݵĵԼӣԼҪôһ
еĹŮĽҲ߯ˡ
ˣҲ۾ɳ𰡣˵Ļɡ
Ҫ۾ܹżɱˣԼѾǧٿˡ
⻰Ȼתע⣬ûٿųεֻǵͷԵЩ˼
ߵĳε˿ûٵˡ
ʱѾ̧ͷѾû˸ղŵߣֻǲ˵سסڵ
ڵֻһ½з´½½ֻңͱԽ˱ԽǷŮΪŮӿһ޶һֻܼ޸һŮӣᱻΪ ˶٣ȻֿڡոնҵΪǷǹңǱҪȢҵġ˵⣬뵽ղŵ龰Щ졣
ʱĳεϾ˼û죬ֻǷյüͷĿƶСӻͦװĹ¶ĳ
ֻǿԼȴ˵ЩᣬԼӶȥˣȴ޶ԣԼΪʲôҪ뷨
һǼ˵Ļʵ۽зۣӢΰĻʵۣٵҲŮӣ󽫾Ķӣ滹㣬ڳΪ٣ҲѾȢͲҵ׵ʱѾҺܺã¸ұҪȥʹŮģȴڶ֪ܻܲȥ˵⣬ɫԵ÷ǳȻѹǲ֪Ժܲٿͼ
һŮȢУйģʮҪˣǸʲôŮôµְⲻִ߻ôС廹ûãᶼԣֻǸС
εֻԹԵţȴûֻǾþ治ѡ
ƺʲôƵĿڡŮʮ꣬һ꣬ҽѾˣԽлˣҸ˵һŮƽŮӿȢһΪĿϸǲƣֻȢλѾǷǳרһˡ
֮ǰôͻȻȻҲͱѹˡε뵽ķ飬ʵ
һǴֱĵѹԼϡεֳɵ棬ˤʱԼıǺ͵˸ֱӽӴȴలµĵϡ;Լıʹ
ΪʮҾҪȥʹˣֻڳǰúÿ磬ҴеĻſҳȥұŻҶĺܳȥߵֵڴֻȥͳģôҲ߲ȥˣҶҲˡҲŷԼ·ˡ
ĻڳǰһУܵҶ֪ôˣΪԼԺͳ嶯ڲѡʱȰԼ˵أκ˶ԽġҶԼýȥֻǵʱԼȥִҪȥԽԽڣǵĻͲˣ뵽ˣۿʪˡ
ı飬óεĻΪ¿٣٣ͻں޲ѵı飬ǲٵİɡıһԱδضݵ˵λοǰʮС

 4 

㿴ʲôǷʲôһڳεͺˣⲻԼĻôﵱЩꡣ
ʱһֱ߰ߣǾôҲ߲ȥԽԽˣҾ͸ˣҵһɽа׹⣬߽ȥһȫ˹ͷת߲ˣ˫Լʹǰǰ׹ȥַǿ塣ǿʺܺãͨ͸ıʲôҺܺһﾹȻкܶѪ˿ЩѪ˿ȻСϪһڻͻȻҷԼָЩۣһǱѪҵѪȻ˽ȥҺܺ£ӵ壬ȴֻܶʧȥʶʲôҲ֪ˣˡ˵ԵúʹࡣǶκܿµĻ䡣
˵ˣ±ĲԴεʹ˵ı飬Ц
ûб࣬ģҸûƭıҪǲԼЩ˵
ôǿأȻ˵˦Ӧϰɡεֻʵʲô塣
ҡһȴԼûֻðڴϣҲԼ˫Լ
˫ʣûļȻķһϻ׹䡣ֱֱڴϡһǸ塣
п尡
㿴е˾ġ˵űԼ֣ƿݸε
εסݹ֣ϸĶšйȻеŤŤ˿ڣùԱ£˿ںϵ·Ǻϵġ˿ڵ״ϵһֻ˵ġ
ûƭɡٿ塣
εԣϸ˿е塣
Ȼ˵ͨ͸͸¶ź⡣ı澵ӣȴֻˡֻ˵һһӡ
ʲôͼ?εֻ˫顣ܲ˫ɣ
ε˼⡣
ϵ壬תͷԵ֪ʲôô
ЩʲôŶʲôĿһ֪
Ҳ֪Ҵδ񡣡ųεеҲҡҡͷ
ڹٻ˼ңСٺöҲǴδ
ŶԤô죿εСĶ
ҵĻ̧۶
ε̧ͷ˫ֱؿû˵شһֵۿǿ壬̧˫ؼΡ
Σεᡰһ˰ɡ
ϾϵҲ̫˼ˣټһĹɫ㣬ܲ˵ĵӾʱϵɡȥҲֻǷ˵ǡ
̾û뵽ԼŷʮȻѧȫ߸
Ԥô죿Ҳ˵ȻˣǾŵװɡεһξԼӦôǿ
ɲ԰Ҳ뿴ü˵
ŶһεҲû˵ʲôֻͷ˼ֽСİ
ЦǻѪġԼƶѪһ壬ѪҲܱġɲܱ塣
εﻹûļ룬ͻȻһʹһ˫һɣ˵ϣ˼ײ
εҲǸ壬ֿ̧Լƣȵֻеʹȴû˿ڣʹҲܿʧˡже㻳ԼղǸɡ
ôˣû°ɡżֱһĵųε
Ǻǣûʲôղֻ¡е㲻˼תšܲ˵ԼǱŵ
ˣˣڵźˡ˯һҲӦöˣȥ㶫ԡεȲˣתŴϵȴıŸոյĶɢһԣ·Ǵس¶ѩ׵ظؿϵСǡڿУԲ
εһĿԼҲ˳һŷͲԼˣԼһεıᱡȥּ
㲻ҪȥԵôȥ˵ñӰԼʵʵ϶ʱ˳ϼɲʱĸĶˡ
εСĻÿ϶ŮˣֻƢ治С˿ҲС
εԼģûʲôǸոľúʹָоʵǻþֻȴϲû˿ڣûԽˡ
漴εǾȥ⣬Ͼô붼ʵ̫˼ˡ
ˣȥǸС׼Եİɡ
ʱ˭Ҳû֣ڵطȴ͸ĵĺ⣬òˡ

վںԼҸȫͬܵĻ
Ů˲עװӾУҾֻλ㿿ǽãҲһ˶ӵԵʣ٣о൱Ҳ˵塣ֵóһ㣬ǵطʰúܸɾ
ҼֻлȵżҾӷĳε߳˳ӣһʢСɽ
มƶߣųſڣڿڵСû᷿󡣡
εŵСӸ黹
ҪҪȳԣ¾ˡȽȥʰ¡
˵εתְ̨ĳඪǰϴɾ֣߳
ɫ߲еĺܲһһԱߣһڷŽоעӣ̧۾
ֻϽջߣͷ˵лл
Ҳֻ򵥵ҲǺζٱ֤Ӫ㽫һ㡣ֻҪжһ¾ͿɵʳҪҲ׵¡ƽԼҲ³Ҳ˵жྫտӦǻܳԵġ
ԣɫЩ΢죬̧ϸ˵ܺóԡ
εЩСȻûʳϾССʱԵĿ϶ǾЩɽ亣ζʳʡ
û뵽ԼЩȻúóԡ
εЩοСͦµģûһЩӸƢǰļҽӦò
漴ҲϵıӣƵغˮ
û뵽Ǿ仰һˮȲû͸Ǻˡ
ֻҪģҶϲɤڶ

 5 

ȡȡС㡭˵ʲôεԼؿڣò˳˿
ոû.
ֻҪģҶϲ˵꣬˳εһЦݡ
εЦСڸʲô
㲻ϲôʵЩ
ᡣ
ϲʲôģ̧Сһڴı顣
ոջһصңЦĺͻһתĻ˲Ӧε˵ü֪«ʲôҩԼĳûеһصز
ҵ㿴ҲˣҲˣҵ׶ûˡ˭˵е㲻Ը
뵽ղŵ龰С΢΢졣̧ۿŶĳεòһ㣬ҿȥЩϡǵ˵˲ܿ˶ϵģ˺òҪġȻҲȷǲǺˡǡӦǺ˰ɡ
߿գϵıһ˲任˺ü֡ͨ˳εһЦ̡
ε棬СıḻһСɴҵĴȻı
޸ίɣȻЩƣ뵽ԷǸȫδµĺӡεҲȥƽϡ
׻ڡε뵽ղŵǷ;úЦ
ʮӦҪʮӣżʲôģڻС˵ǵͷһЦݡ
ʮ꣬˵СʵС뵱ԼʮʱȴѾûЦݡ뵽ˣεЩȻΪԼʮʱѾῪʼ빤ˣʮͶôɫ£ôһαЦݺͱཻ
ǰЦݣ˵Ĵһ˿ʣʵкܴĸдǰ϶ĺܺá
һթĶǵЦݺѵá
ҲСˣѾˡͷһ࣬ͷǸоСһϲ
ʮ껹СءźܱŤӦλŮɣ϶Ǻϲ㡣εЦ˵λŮϲɣȻҲôͰȢȥˡ
Ųأ涼ֻһΣһĮӣԼͶŮһμΣԾ
Ȼϲʲô޸εʡ
˵޸ԺҾǻʺˣ˵ҡʱ˵Ļʵʺ󣬵ǲΪΪѣŴӦ޸Ůġ
εȴЩһΪٻ󲻹ԼҸĸסĸֻ֪һ˵õȮ죬ȴ֪һƺ˺ţɼ
εû뵽ﾹȻˡ
ǶŮô˵滹иŮΪʲô޹ȥʺ󣿡ǳεƵĵط
ΪŮܲãһֱߡˣĲǶ϶ģʱʱ֪ԻأԴҶ˵ŮδŮۡ˵ЩʵҲ͵ͷµĶԻ֪ġ
εꡰมһЩÿɷ˵ӻǼ򵥡
ǸŮһɫһز֮˾Ȼռ˶ѵλôãûб˺˵϶ֵܡ
֪Ǽء
ε֮Իô룬Ϊйᡣ֪ʲôа˿жαͿжʵ
εЩûҪ֪һЩϾֻĲ²⣬ûиݡڶҲǲ֪еն
ȥʲô㡣취ȥôεһۣͷ˵Լеʳ
ȴֻǵͷԼеʳûлش
εʱ֪ʲôֻǿһ˼ӣԼҲû˵ˡ
Σ𣬡ҿסô
ŶԡεҲûʹӦˡ
ϾԼ⣬ҲûطȥԼģ˵ԭҲôġ
ҲܻȥˣȢôٴ
εԵضһ£Щȣ̾˿ȻԼһ˵ȻСӣ뷨浥ҪǼ޸ˣͻȻֻȥأ
ּۣ˵ȥǸŮָԴ㲻˵ǹҵһֻܼ޸һŮӣᱻΪ 𣿡
ʼĬ
εŶڳĬǰԽԼʮ꣬ҵ𲽣ҰġЩǰʮĺӿ׵ġ
ס죬ŵذ塣һԲ֪˵Ķԣ֪ԣʲôҲ˵
εڷҲʰԼת߽ˮۡ
ˮϴ꣬ε߳ǣǰһĻȳһ˼ӡ
εĿҲûгš
֪ôԼڵ顣ϲǸŮҪΪףҲӦ޸ΪԼעڻʹйֻǡ
̧ͷվǰĳε
ǸոտΪΣҲΪǵһԼӵĵĹϵ֪֮Լ˲һĸо
С󣬱ֻҪһƯףԶΪҲǳ˳ĺӡҲΪ׳겻ߵĹϵ£֮졣
ϣ˿ע⵽ĴãΪǽĶӡ
ǰĳεã¶ġ

 6 

εԼ䣬Ȼ̨ڵǰ뵽пͻҪӹ°óļУϰЩȴһֱû취Ĺ
ᾭȼ಻֪ͬĻ֮£ѧУ͹һ״·ڳѣͬ¼䣬׺̬ҲͬԼһǳαˡ
ĳЩֵĵļ֣Ϊرģֻһ˹ִԭ⡣ĳʵԳ죬ƧʵȴеƸС
ϲ˽ӴȴҵԱĹ֪ԼϲݹȴΪ֡
ӿ򱳺ӣۣԼЩƣ
ʱ
һ죬΢ĽŲ˳ε˼·
εͷվſڣһгԡ
˿˿ƵĹ£Ե÷ǳͣĽë۾·һӰб޵üëڸ֣߶ͦıһ΢Ա촽۷۵ģĻɫ˾̾Ƥϸ嵽Ůʰ·硣˵֮Ҳˡ
Щˡ
϶£ϸϸĴһĵ·ӳЦ
·Щˡεվǰȥϵ··ǰһɫTΪϰĹϵûû뵽쵹ó
·ЩҺܳϸպõϥǹҲСʵ̫ݣһֻԴ·ϾȻоƤĺͯ͵˵·е㻬
ôͷʪˣһͷɫ㷢˿ʰĹ󣬷ʵβЩʪϴʱʪˡķʣԳȥԹˡ
ҲϴͷشʵĶոϴҲźˮԼŽȥϴġոΪԼ׼ϴˮԼΪϸϸ˵Щƿƿ޹ĶԼãپһ⡣ⲻͬǰҶźԡĸоܾЩӦǷǳ֮ܵſġ
Ұϴͷ˵εڷ㶵߽ԡҡԼ߻ط䣬СڵϣԼվͷϵ±纵ķ١һں˳ͷй
εһֻϴ¶һָֻ˳ͷĺ˳˳˼£ٵϴ¶ټЩˮشᣬֱĭеϴ¶˫İĦͷĺᣬ̫ʹĭ·ϡ
֪ʱĶôᡣ
ֻǾԼͷƤһ飬岻סЩϵ¶Ҳ֮ߡ֪΢İĦ˾ôͷϵ˫ַ·ħ㣬ԾҪ
˶û˵ϳԷʱĳĬܾò˵ʲôƻǰա
Ŀ֮俪ʼʡ
ˮϴκ󣬳εøëͷʹëͷеˮ֡

ʲô£Ӧ
Ҫȥϰ࣬һˣ׼Եġ绹Ҫϰ࣬ͻʱԺһȥԣ˳ȥǵ硣εѾźг̣ϾҪһڼһ죬ýĵطһҪʲô⡣
ڹ˾ֻʮӵ·̣Ϣʱ仹Ըϻһˡ
ڼҿտķкܶ飬ЩӦÿһʱˡ
ҲУ㿴ĶôɶǼ֣Ӧúǵǲһİɡ
͵տԼԴĳεһĵЦݡ
ǿɰĺӣѵõǷݶ¡
Ͼ˭Լȫİĵطûֺ̿Ͳİɣ϶ϣиԼҪǻԼصԼ֪ʷܻãδһȫδ֪磬϶Ǿ겻ɡھȻ˵
뵽⣬Լı֮ǰΪֻһС뷨
ͷѾЩ΢ˣεеëڵϵ
ȽĶôʹõġ
Ҳվ˳ӵԼ
¹ܣɳε߼Լķ䣬ʼһһĽܡȴӼ򵥵Ŀʼȴһ۾ͿԿ;Ŀʼܡ
ķʲôһɻָдϵıʼǱԡ
бʼǱԣ̨;ôҲ֪ôͣ´ٸ㡣εҲֻô͵Ͼ߿ƼĶԽġ
มһҲϴתˣ漴ĺĿֱȥˡ
ǸſʲôΪʲô˾ú죿ָǽϷĿյЩʵ
Ǹпյ캮ʱůȵʱҲʹ졣
𣿺氡ͣСԵø˷ܡ
Ǳ㷢𣿡ĳεԼ˫ǿſյȵŴ͡
ңҿûôûǸӡ
εûкȵĽ£ֻǾôȽҪãҲˡ
ˣȱˣҴȥ˵žҪſȥ
áȵȣһʲôסεָ֣ŲԶĶʵ
ڵ汦ۼʲôʸס
ε˳ָȥ˵Ĵһ΢΢һ䡣
ǱԼ̨ϵķһ
ҲĸǰĶĸǰǷװʦ̨Ӹѡֻĸ׹ԼͰȥ̨
Էһϲ˻ҳһ֪кܳʱûʹùˣ
ǸҲֻһ̨ûʲôϡġ߰ɣҴȥ˵ʲôֻȥˡ
Ȼ֪ǸõģǼɫЩѿûжʣֻǹɵĵͷ߳䡣

 7 

ε̾˿ǰһѵ۵ݱԼһҲûȥϰൽڣѾаСʱˣͷ˰СʱĴ
εԼ̫ˣƽ޹ʵؼ˸˻ؼң³ԣȻϴͷԼаȫԼƽе硣
뵽⣬εЩüԣɲʲô
ԼʱǸСһﻹ˯ϣ¶ֻ׾Сȣ۰׵ָֻţȥ൱ɰ
Ȼ壬ǣݴǿԲԱġġ
ε˯ϲԾ¶Цݣģȴº͡
ӴӴһ粻˼ɡ㾡ڷ
һŮ糿˾øĴ̶
˵Ǹڲ񲿵С㣬˵ǳļ̱ǳˡ
εǷУΪ˲ģϲҥ¡
ᣬѺûҪάֵģϾ۲ĺܶõ˵㡣
Ž㣬ЦΪǰͻĵķءεѾƽĮָһڹ˾ദʱͱ顣
ˣҿһᷢһᷢЦΪء漴˵껹ܿŵЦ
ǺǣŽ㻹˵ЦˡСһĴεѾ˵ˡ
ˣεܾҪѲӣ۲ͷһվе¾ͿԿСˣһ治˰Ȼ˾ͬĹ˾ɡ
̾ĲСˡ
ֻ뵽ĻεԼ˼С
еСգǺͬһĹ˾Ϊ˵Сų˵ץص㣬Լϰ಻һݣûĶϿȫˣֻڱ˵ƨɺͷ¡
˵ΨΨŵŵηηţһֻСһǣȴһĮ֮
·ǿճʱԼҲľִٲ
֮ͬԼϤҵϵĲú֮ͬĹϵһв޴룬Ҳ˸һĽѵ
ⶼʲô˰˲ŽСεԼ˼л񣬷СѾˡû˺Ȥֻûȥˡ
ˣȥ˵ˡεЦЦСͻȻúġ
˭֪ǸŮ͵ļƻȻôϾλáС˵úߡ
ûǶûϵԼͺˣ˵ˣ˾ǲûõˡεһߵСüЦָжԼϼ꣬˵ȴֱǸǳˡ
عͷ룬ȷǸгǸĻˣԼǰֳһΨΨŵŵӣתȴԼͷλݺݵˣһѡ
εԼֻԼʱ̫档
̻˿жαͿжʵ
뵽⣬ӦøлǣʹԼʶԵα
ǳεŷ˲ңҲˣңұط˵𲻿֮󣬾Ϳ԰Ȼȫˡ
ΪεҲǳصġ
һб͸ķ˽ɢڷĸطʮɫԵҫů
ڴϣʹĹ⻷Χߡ
ϵƺ˯ĺܲȣ岻סڴ䶯һεεĺ˳Ĳ
һٵĽ
źƺûӸղŵĽлع
ιԼЩ̵ӣЩʹŷԭԼողΰ
кüͷһֱڽлԼƺǴӷǳңԶĵطܶҺң϶Ĳʧ־ȴһֱѹ
ָоΪԼҲѲˡ
תͷ⣬ҵ۾˸棬Ǵۡ
̫Ѿĺܸˡ
˴űĵ棬þΪ֮һ
Ž߽Ϸżӣһţ̡
϶ǳεΪϸ׼ģȻӺţ̶ѾˣԼķǳů͡ոյĶҲʵûôˡ
ΪεܴİȫСǰİӣͻȻݺݵҧһڣűԼҧǸȱڣ¶һʺܲЦݡ
ʱ·һһһĨŪ˵ǳЦ
ε°ȥ̳ճ·ϾҲϴԼ·
СӵߺԼֻ࣬ݣͰԼĳߴ˼ױȽԵ·һЩ¿ȥֻ˼ֵ˻ȥ
ŶһǰڳһɫȹϣȹԼضֻһֱ²ȥ֡ٶ󰡣ЩáȹӺһᣬε΢΢̾ǴաǰһȹӣԺͻȻһСһģ֪ľǳȥ
ŴСĶ˵ǴѪˡǣûеۡ
ͳԿ׿ţ˻δվȣһӰ
ϲõӻ
εһ㶣е˺ػܶǰҲŵʱ˵仰ǣķ·Ǻܾǰ㣬ģԸȥ롣
ءһεͷӿϵǹ˸С
˺öණЩʲôİӣͷŴĶĳ
εһЬһ߻ش𣬡ģճҪõĶ·ӡëЩзɫȥǳзٸôʹá
Ŷһܹɵİɳϣװ㵱Ĵȥ
˳㵱 εʰӣصʱ·ǱȽϡ
·ôҪôŲͷͷ
ε߽ŵǼT·򵥵ʾ
Щ׵ĵͷһĺ֣ҲǴϵ𣿡
ͷһŵǼڿ㣬Ҳûʲôֵģϸ˵ʹ÷
ô˵ô
ûзӦ̧ͷһȴͨ졣
εŷӦʱЩΡ
۾ֱĿҲ˵
նʱ΢
εЩȻĿһۣڵһȿв׵ҡȥϴ롣
ĶӰεЦԵǱ㵱ʲôϴ
Լ췴Ŀˡ
ֻһжʮӾҪϰˡ
뵽һϰҪƭԼﲻɵһꡣ
£ȸ㶨ǸС
ţε˸
Ȼų˳Լķȥ
δһɤ
Ҫôð

 8 

ϹԢ¥ݣԴϵԼ͸ĵƹ⣬óԿףһţͿһĿĿ棬˯ɳϣﱧ鼮
εӿһֵֺĸоģȴúܰ
ųȸεİɫT°ֱ¶һ˫׾ݵĹ⻬ȡ
ǰ⾰εЩԾվſڡ
Сƺ֪ˡ
һˡվűߣɳϵ˵
ûӦ
εЩɻЬȥһȻ˯ˡ
ɰ˯࣬εЦ˳
漴Ķ£ǰſؿϵ߽Էóһ÷ǳĶס ¶°
ȻԼڵϵĶ߽
ʱɳϵһֻ۾͵͵ؿ߽
ʵڿǰѾˣֻǹװ˯ΪԼط䣬ǻԼû뵽˰죬ԼȴֻǶ˴
뵽ЩйԼǹȳεĿľΪȴ޶ԡ
ԼϵıӣɷЩʧ䣬ȴҲǺܸˣϾǺܹԼġ
뵽ҲͲװ˯ˣɳǼѩ׵ĳȣ߽˳
һ߽ȥˮǰϴĳεһҪסĳ嶯ǴС̣ܵȴֵֻվĿš
εоһעĿ⣬һͷ㿴һ͵
ôȥ·ɣǳȥԡ˵ת֮ǰĹ
Ҳ˿ôôһϴˮһ߶˵š
ʱ򣬾͸ЩƷͼ·һ磬·ҪôҪôףǻǹ°ǰΣ˵ͦ۵ģǿܾùֵֹġ
˵죬Ǽ￪ſյ㴩ôٲôôҲҪϿӰɡε˵꣬ϴõˮƹıȥ
ȻҲ˳ȥ
д˵
εغñźת·°ڣ¶ѩ׵ϸĽڿ㣬Լ˵
㿴ⲻдô˵꣬ЦĿ
ȷǴˡڿ㡣εǰ龰Ҫۡ
ɫܰףע¸Ǻߵɰת죬ɷˡСʱȷ
ǡ
룬ǰ·£һȻı飬֣߽䣬ҳΪ·ݵǰ
˵ϡε˵꣬ͷҲصľ߻˿
ıӰק·Żİ̶ˣǸŮȴ治ɫޱ·
ôûô
Լҿɳϣεſ棬ͷС
û˼ȥת䣬Ҳȥᡣ
ֻҪڹ˾һС
ͻĸп
ʵû뵽˾εܾȻǸʱʶѧ˵ѧʵʶʱѾǿҪҵĴˡ
еʱͿʼϲѧǳΨһ׽ĵԡֻǺѧȥ飬ԼҲһֱæŰ빤˼ûϵ
ֻû뵽ڽĳȴվƭԼ
Ϊʲôأ
ſĳεֺС
·ҴˣҪô𣬴˼
εӿ̧ͷվڲԶһЦ
С·ܺ
Ľ˵ǷǳĺãԼһιʧˣǳεŮװţҲǺܿģϾǳεһδԼš
ڽֵϣûԼƽשߣûСߺеֻǽֵۻҵĻԼߵҪķӣɳ۶ġ
ǳε磬Լȫİ硣һжеĪ˷ܣԼεֽһǴܵ״̬
ֱĳ֡
Ϊĳ֣Ӧûֵڽϱ߱߹䡣ԣ֣Ϊߵˣһ϶ǽץ֡ʱֽֿ˷ܣֱǰ˳ֺ󣬱ȫ
뵽⣬ݺݵص˶һۡ
ˡ
Ļڵѧﰵпࡣ
Լʲôʱǵǰ׵СŮģΪʲôһԹ޵
һɫȹɫĲϳеķɫǽҫۡһͷںͷɢںҹڻ£Եظ߹󣬷·Ǵ߳СŮס
һȥ᲻ƿ۾
ε̾˿ϵȻĶȫ˶ڿˡ
ڶѧε˵Լڵ飬е㿪еɬ˷ǵĸо
Ҳû뵽˻ôּˣ;ӵĵ绰˵ϣԼԷЩ⣬ǻǴӦˡ
ֻҪҪȥٳǰˡֻǡЦ£Աߵ˶ǰƻг̵׺޵ҧгء
ڹ˾ѧҿǱŵˣû뵽µܾѧеĿȣε˵䵭Ҳ㲻顣
Ҳû뵽Լ㣬кܶû˰ɡѧǳº͡
ǰܾûˡεԣֻǵһЦ
⼸Ļ𣿡Ȼʾ䣬ѧǳĿ϶࣬һ˰빤ѧҵеǲɡ
ѧҹĺܺã㲻Ҫҡ˵꣬εŶѧ΢΢һЦ
Ҫͬ飬ҪҲѾǵǸ׸ĳεˡ
ѧĻЩȻ漴ȴ¶һȻЦݡľǿһеģ

 9 

Ұĵƹ£εʮָٵẓ̷̇ײԵøࡣ
һֺ󣬳εɵ˿쿪Ҫõݣǽȥ̫ã͸ˡ
뵽ϣεȻʧĸоӿֳ
ѧģǫţֻǡ
ʱϲֻϲѣܱɰ顣ǵϲһϰߣҲǵϲ˰ɡ
ε뵽ⲻЩˣΪͻȻԼЩįˡ
Щһķã޷˵ٴΣͷԼ¶Ľӡһɬɬ࣬ˮӿͷǣԼȴỮӣΪΪᣬҲûˣζ
ûйذߣеᶼôνֺαأٰǷĴ¶ڷͷ
ǰĵ·ɣоܲΨҧԼ˵Ҫǿ
ԼҲվҧˣ뵽⣬εЦԼ쾹Ȼ˸廳˹ȥ
˫ѸٵڼϷţϵļ¼Լڵ顣ֻԼ֪ķʣʵУ˭Щδ˵Ļء
»سɾոմõռǾͷŽ˻ƪռǺԼҲûָ˰ɡ
ε˸һʱ䣬ԭԼѾڵǰСʱˣѹ־۵
ʱҲˣε뻹ȥ˯ˣϾ컹Ҫ
ꡪ
صIEڣصļУڹرյǰ˻վͼǰҼǳ£Ȼѡջվ
¿ʼرյԣʾգۼ˺ɫ
ʲô
˯һžǾͱˣſȴĳεֻǿϵı顣
ε΢΢ͷЦ
Ϊһθдġ

΢ȵ󡪡
ϵ¸ãһƸճᶣֻڲçḡȴԭǸ浾绨ˮжñȷü۽ǲЦò¶ᣬǰͣĵȴƾʱѡ
ԴԽ硶¥ΡΣϵ¸á
Ե練裬εҲ塣ԽԽϲ
ֻҵáһҲûﳪǰԼˣе龫֡뵽ڿӵĳˣεǵЦ
ΪԼĹͨЩѣϾ֮żǧĴǼûʲô⡣ֻͷЩӦֵĪеë
һοӾȻŵĶ㵽֣һ£ֳڵӸ̼У⼸ȫСֻǲ֪ΪΣûвԼﾹȻЩį뼵ʡ
ҵӱȺͿˡεѱ󿿣˸λã⡣
ȵ㣬̨ϵԶ޾ɵشҶӣżһ˿紵ذڶ¡
һжýƺرȰ
ջߣεϵʱ䣬СѾһĵˣԼٲֹҪˡ
ͻȻ뵽ԼǰҲһʱ䣬Ц
Ǻӵ
Ϊ˲˫峺ӣεǴҪغ
ɳϵСˣεẰ˼ǶԷûȫ
̾Ѿȫˡ
ֱɳǰһվסߡ
ءǰһڣ̧Сϻδɵᡣ
ҪˣءǸеĶҪˡ˫ɳϣ˵߿ޡǶ˵ӣһſŵع
ǼٵġεԣŵӻɿƬΣЩε˵
ϲǲ۾磬齲ǴƽԵİ顣ΪĩĹϵһŰ˼ͷ󼯣ƽǬ幬ǰ½ݣȻ˫˫ɱѳһĻ
ȷǷǳ˵һĻǰԼҲ޵ĲԼɡֻ⼸ƹɵѾЩȫûио
ءĽûҲÿǺòҰ
ҺѹΪʲôء
ˣ㿴Ǻ涼ûε̾ӾĽִõģֻɵϻΪЩĵĶ޳
ԣְСתӣŮ˹ȷûͣᡣרĵؿָֻɡ
գἣδɵĺ뵽سλĻôأ
εû뵽ôʣһڴҲְɡ
ˣҪٿˡ̫ö۾á˯ᣬϳȥԡεЦ
һ𣿡עȫȥ˷ܵؽе
ȥûԹġεҲǰĲѵС
Ⱥóֱȥ³鷳⼸ǿҹеСԽġЩûʲôӪȥ岻áε˼Ż͵ԼֱȽϺáϾڳ壬ӪҪ⡣
ãҶȥˡգŴۣСſյ˵
ܻȥͻȥܻȥҾһӡεͷº͵˵
ֻ⻰δ档
һ㶣Цͷҫۡ
ĵЦݽ̳εͷӿĸо
̫ڣҫϣĻóεãȵƺûôѹ

 10 

ҹƷζΨŵĸܴ͸˵壬ֱʮָ΢ãǷ
Ӱ죬εջҪǲȵ˵ȥˡ
ϵĺƣԼĸ߽űУƱҡ£پӣǳһڡ
Щɬζȴܸ𣬵ȷǺþơ
ϵĵƹ£εתеıӣϺɫıУӳľӡ
źȾư㻹ûΪʲôءߴѧѯʵ
ʲôΪʲôεŻع
ΪʲôҪְѧٴظԼոʵĻ
εеıӣ̧۾ֱؿڶѧ̾˿Լյݽ˴ְţͽӵѧĵ绰˵ϣһԶٷ
ǴӽڣǾһֱϴתٷԵȻζ
ѧҴְġֻǾúۣúϢʱ䡣˵ʵľЩۣҲǰһ˷ڼ
ÿλؼҿΪԼĲѵС;úܰͬʱҲúھΡΪ֪ȴǼ顣
Ϊôѧ˵֡
ûйϵεЩô˵
ϴμѡ飬һģ֤ʵѧû˵ͱˡ
ѧԼģҴְûϵεᶨ˵ϾһûôӰ졣
ǡ
ڶװơԼԺӦҲС˵仰εƱӾ͵غһڡ
ΪĸǰԸΥ
ôһ˵ѧ˵Щʲôһ뵽һ˾ͲٶҡˣҲͲ˵Щͽ͵Ļˡ
ѧҪû£ȻȥˡεԼʱӦǸС˵ȥģʧˡ
ҽԼԺȫдʧСúܲᣬҲؼң̫á
εٴתеıӣһЦû뵽ǸСڲ֪ԼЩˡ
ŶãȥɡѧЦݣЩ˵
ˣҲûԶԼԻȥ͵ѾơεʵֻЩҪһ˺úס
칫˾ȥİɣѧһ֣ҲͲǿˡ
ѧپAAɣˡεûĻһóԼǮٷһŰԪ󳮣ӯվҲѧ˵ʲôת뿪Ĵȥ
ĻǰǶɴĹǰ磬įãԼ顣
Ŵ·Ե޺˸ŰѣĿɫʣǲˣˣԼЩԸȥļ䣬һͬ޵׵Ԩ
ԴӾҪְ󣬳εԼ˶ˡһɲķ羰ʱҲ
ٹվͿԵңͿԿСˣǲԾ¶һĨ΢Ц
ε뵽ոѧĻߵЦݸ
˾ô϶Ҫȥģһ׼ȥһء
óԿ״ţûЬͿһӰԼײվȣֻסŵķ֡
ڻˡǰ壬ϵĦ
ˡε˶ͷŻ¶һĨЦݡ˵Լؼҵĸоá
ЩʲôſεŶ
ȡҹεеĶƹ˳
ȥϿôҲ߽ϵƻһھҧȥ
ǣѾѧУǱ˼٣ȥϿΣǺѧȥϴμλε˵óӣȻѼȵڡ
޺޵ҧƻǸѧûһøСֻҪǸڣͻĺ֣ȻͻԼ
ԼӦҪԲߣñټǸˡ
Ҫ붫ˡεһ˼ӣָᵯĶͷʹı飬鲻ɵرغ졭
ҲٺǸѧˡƻҧôε˵ȴһЦ⡣
˵ԼӦѧϵҲ־롣
԰ɣõ¾ˡȥϴ衣εں󣬿һȵӣε֪Լող¶ˡ
ǵС˼ȫдϣһ֪ʲô̫ˡ
εЦЦ漴Ҳֱ߳˳Լķȥ
ԼЩᡣ
Ϊʲôÿζ׵ĿԼ뷨ȴƫƫǿ͸Լ˼뵽ﲻЩй
ѵֵĲôôϡ
뵽⣬ָɣֻǸӰǷ˼ķ⡣

 11 

ε߳ԡңΪϴĹϵɫǳĺھԼͷЩΣ֪Ǹոˮ̫õĹϵΪϺȵľƣʼĺˡ
˦˦ͷǿЩѡεߵϵֻʣ²ԣʣˡ
ȻԼǷҲˣҳԵôɾ
εӣֱֹСôô
Ǵɻ߻ط䣬յſڣԭķ䣬
ͣ˰ɣǵբˣϾõ߷ڡ
ͣˣҳȥεﺰһתߣͻȻһ˻ȥ
Ϊ̫ͻȻεײűˤ˵ϡʱһذףֻ谵¹£վͷɸߴ
ε˼ʪʪͶסĴ
ϥѳεѹϡȻͻȻһѳεϰת򰴵˴ϣԼҲѹȥ߽
漴ʧڿУذԼ촽ȥ
̬óεֽ޷ֻ̧ͷ㵵סųеա
ǿˣһʮСǿˡ֪ĴһƬհס
ûļ룬ˡ
ֻоʪԼĿУǿӲҪԼͷ
һ㾭ҲûеǣȴԭЩǵĳεʧԺе˼ȫˡ
ѵؿʼӦţ˱ĴꡣʼΪ˫ֲԾĴļ򣬰׺ؿԼ촽ûκ谭Ľ롣
ε˫£סݵĺԼ
ֱڣڷ֣Сȫһֱϸزš
ǣε͵һ˸ѹ£κͶסĴеĻ˲ࡣ
εЦһüĵţŽǣ㻹̫ˡ
˵ҧסСһûһµغš
˫ָǸǰأ·滭Ȧֻ˺棬·Ħ̵ı
ʶᶯûȣʲôһ㣬ʹԾ˳
Ǵ̼˳εڵľƾѸٷͣ˶¸Ĵǳҧס⣬˫ֻȦס塣
ڴŤ
ʱͻȻεͷ£ԭԼⲻС˿ء
ͻȻĹʹε˴롣
ô˵ողͣˣ뵽⣬˫۲Ծµһ
΢ס˫ҪѪƵͨ졣
ϲ㡣ȣȴޱȵؼᶨ
ϲ㰡
ԾһУôε˫ۣЩյ
ҡұֻǴ򵥵һµģҲû뵽ᡭҲû뵽õĻӦؿԼϷĳεһŭúѹͷൽһߣᡣ
εվ˵űߣŬŸշһСȷԼ˺ΣǸ޼ɿԵǣȻʹԼɥʧȫǡ
ȻԼԼҲȷС
ǰ龰Ǻð
ε˿ҲѾֻذ˼Լ̫Ѩ˵
Բ𣬴ҽȶˣЩʧء
ԭƲߵԺתŵ񣬾ֱֱؿ
ţǸոܵȻԼ˵Բô˵Բ
нյȭͷϸ΢طŲͣסҪڵĻϲԲŻز
ˣԽԽףȴǲһԵؿǰˡ
עӣεסˡ
۾ôֱӶרעδ
˫ۺᣬ˵ı飬һʹĨȥᡣ
ֲ֪Ÿȥ˵Ĵһһ˵˴ϣȻѱһƣ˽ȥñȫڸסԼ
ֻǼĳȴ˺ޡ
ĿʹεǶݣ˼Լո˵Ļǲ̫ˡſ˵ЩʲôȴԼʲôҲ˵ڡ
ֻ㶵ؿŴΪӰ
ε΢΢üɴʲôҲ˵Ѹ߳˷䣬˿ĵơ
ķ䣬ƺ΢ľ֮ʮǰҵԴѾ÷ǳƽ
εﰵԼɳܣΪͶһСӳˡ
ԼܵʱӰ죬ܾƾʹֻһ˲飬ǾԲٴη顣
ǰԾԺҲȾˡ

 12 

ҵűһ򿪣½½߳˺ܶˣÿ˵ɫͬ߳ɫקļŲѸٶԵôæ
εȺԱվһϲõС
ô֪ǸŮ˵ļƻ⡣СЩɻߵĳε
Ǹϴα͵ȥǷݡǸԼļƻе֮һֻ޸ģĻһȫˡڸոյĻϣԼİѷе˳һԼķⶼ֪ıݺ
ɫӲȻǺɫܲ˵ֱĿСĩˣǵоܼ༰ܾ棬Լķ˼ϵ¼ƻεոЩһȵı飬ֱٱʬʹ졣
λˣҪľǼƻҵļƻһѣҵôϵȥСЩֻ˵
˵˾ǲûõˣ۽ľûʵ͵Լļƻ󣬾Ȼ᱿ȥĵʵĶǷݼƻҲȲԼݡϾԼǰǷݵĻ޸ƺġֻǳεΪеӣû뵽̶ֳֻȡ
ҿ㻹Ǳְˣλָտɴ顣Сһϧضߵĳε˵
εȴЦ
ϲݹôŬֻǺᱻöѡǸȥɡ
ŻܲİɡôȥӻûȾȥ
Լոһ֣ڹ˾¶֪и֪ĲԽ˾аˡԼѾ˾
Ϥɤ˳ε˼
ܾáСתˣ˵
ѧ΢ͷЦЦҲǴ˸к
ұɣģˡ˵꣬СûȳεӦкˡ
ѧôǰˣεһЦֻǰһ롣
ոյıǺܳϣѸٵҵпڣý취ѧ͡
ȻָΪ˾룬Сô˵ǸһԽΪļƻӦĲžǡξˣ´Ρ˵⣬ѧɵ΢΢һϰˡ
Ĳٿôѧüͷ΢壬ܴǸѵõ˲ţϣ¡
ѧҿ֮Ľû֮⡣ֻǸ¶˾ľͲᶯҡˡ
Ҿ㡭ѧȰֻǻû˵꣬ͱ
ѧȾ˵ɡҼһҪҸŻȥԺ˵εѸٴкҲѧ˵ʲô뿪ˡ
ε첽ߵȣѧûнסһ붯ҡԼľԸɴ໹ǲĺá
ε¶һ˿ЦϾлиֵҪϽ
뵽еε;൱ͷʹ
ϳŵʱǸС˯ȥʱǸСȴѷŷˣҲӦֻðѱ㵱ſڣһֱҪԶֻҲ֪ûг
뵽Щ;ͷЩ֪ôദ
Щȵſڴϣ﷭ŴĲ֪飬뿿ʱ䣬Ƿ˼ҳʧȥȤ
Լĺģ˫ԴŴ̫ôɽµô
תͷķ䣬΢΢תŷܣֻصϡ
ҲԾϷһУ϶ʱ˺ϼ
ϵǸǣȷ˺üģΪԼʱʧǰҹȫֻΪ˿䡣û뵽һоȻô˳û뵽ȻôĻԼ
ԼϵĴоȻЩܺߡȴֿ˻ڰԼȫ˵˳Ҿ죬ǵĹϵֽһ뵽ǿĲѡ
˵㶨Ůֻ裬ҩƵϴֻû˵ʲôҩʹӵڶʼȻԼƵѹϴǵ˵Ů֮䶼ʼģǹϵ-Թϵ-ûϵ
ʲôԹϵʲôûϵ
СԵ൱ա
ʵ벻漴ҲͲȥˡҪԼİ취ߡ
ȻĻѹĿһϡ
뵽һֱԼҪȥԶ龰־ЩۡǲǾǱ˿о˵İأŲԾľЦ
ͽ֪һ˵ġ
뵽ıͻȻ΢΢һ
ΪԼѾкܶû뵽ףû뵽ˡѾҪԼܻȥˡΪԼڳεҵʮ죬ʮӼҪģЩȥˡ
žԼѾ޿ɾҩ˳ε侲Į顣
˵ߡ
һһ
ǣءҲϲԼô
뵽⣬ЩĻˡΪûձҲԼϲϲԼ
û˵ϲĻҲӽǲ䲻ȵģסҵĵһ쿪ʼԸ˯СϣҲԸͬߡ
˵ϰһ˯Ǹڡ
᲻ͺԼ
ԽԽǲԽǲ˾ԽǷꡣ
ЩķҵվͣڷضȲóεҲϲأ
ãĽŲʼЩŻոϸһ룬Լȫӹš
ϲԼǾŬϲԼⲻͺô
ΪôѾ˽ȥѾģֻҪĻĶѣҪ󲢲ֲô
ߵǰԼΪ޹Ĺϵ˫ۿȥЩף忴ȥǺɲ͵ģΪʲôû취
뵽⣬ͻȻһͷ
ְԼͷŪЩңԼϺݺ˼£ϳֳһ۵ס
ӣ൱⡣
һƲһƣ˼Ʋɣÿƣ˭ĥĹ˭ͲűʯͷĲɡ
뵽⣬ٴθֳЦݡ

 13 

εԼҵĴţЩԥóԿ׿Žȥ
ţγԿףȴǺһƬ
ôûпưεЩɻ
һˡ鵢飬ԻˡεԿ׷ڴ˵߰˵ƹ⡣
ʱȴȻ
ѵڷƢ
εһһ߿ߵԼ䣬ŵģƿţҲһƬ
򿪵ƣεӦľͱǰľݺݵײ¡
ϵˣ˫סͷϥǼ䣬Сسš˫粻ͣس鶯˿˺Ƕݡ
ءء˵ſǻ˵һĻ
ôˣʲô飿εǰ°ӣżʵ
ϵᣬԾַáۡ
岻ôˣ뵽⼸Σ˵мͷһֱھÿ󶼻Ầµز˯ԼҲֻܸ£˯
˯˺þãǲһҪʲôȥӦͲѡҡΪҲˡءÿֲŶ
᲻ϵش۽ǻ䣬ǿ޵ͨ죬˾ۡεûɵı
ˣˡεЩ޴ػסο
ڳεϣйɵس鶯ܴ󣬵Ѿûᡣһߡޡһ͵͵ָķ϶ӣ˵⡣
֪ƿ϶ܳɹǿĻˡ
ûмٿޣȷΣֻûô¶ѡı黹档ΪȱĿûиоˡ
ΪʲôôΪ㲻ҪˡԼȶֻǻʱس¡
ΪҪӣԶ໨Щʱ䡣Ҷڼ㣬ȥˡεҲûſԼ
𣿡ԣһ´ӳεĻһĵӡ
Ϣʱ䣬ҲһӼεЦЦؿ
ĺϢһӸ˵αװЦһáֻǴÿεĹģû뵽Чôáһ뵽Ժ쿴εǸ˸ȵ
εǰſĵЩεžЩԾٶҲ̫˰ɣٿģҲ˵վյġѵ
εۣϸشڷ˶ߡ
ε̽Ե˾䡣
ʲôڿĵ
ûоˣԻԡϵ࣬ε赭д˵
ô֪ѿڶһ˵ʶԼ˵¶죬æסԼ졣
εһ̷ŭı飬֪Ѿˡ
Ȼ
̫ǲǡ
һǳŭŮ
㻹𣿡ڴϿĳεǰ춼ûеõӦ
֪Щ޴
Σû˵ѣ㲻Ҫҡòá˵˵ʼЩˡ
ļĿ޳ˡ
ε飬һҲȥϾԱиǿ޿䣬ҿ϶˭û˼ˡ
ε󿿣ۣǷĵ
Щʱúúˡ
һ˳Էһ˯ǶǰԼԣҲͨ飻ڣΪʲôȫһˡ
ȷֿȫǣռһ˼֪ǺõĪ顣죬ûпһɱԼﾹȻֵʧС
ָ飬ǰδеĵ̴ţʲôһʮ꣬Щǲݸıʵ
ǸС˵ϲԼʱԼʵЩϲİɡֻǵʱԼ÷ŭѹָо
뵽⣬εۣ˼ǰ
ҲܵεעӣҲ˿һؿ
·ε˫׽סεԼʲôٶֻǺԿŶѡ
ãվ˫֣סļȻʹȥ
꣬ϻδɵἣ峺ɻͲ⣬СΪԼעӶȾһƬϼ
ΪλϲƽԼأ
ε̾˿
ԼûиǰκεĻӦ
ǣȽϺðɡ

 14 

ס޷ˡֻܿԼĽӿԼ
ûһ˿һĵֿ·Ԥڽᷢ£ڵȴʲô𽥱
ر۾ЩڴŽᷢ顣
εĴߡ

ΪԼɡȻһ۵ɲǣԼȷ뷨ǡ
εɰķӦЩҪ硣
ĲǺ˿ֻµ˶΢΢ӡ
ε̧ͷһЦ
ЩֵĶͷۣһľȣǿĵЦ
ˣˣʵѾˡ漴ЩͷֹסЦ⡣
ڴˣ΢΢Щʧ뵽ոԼ۾һǵӣ;ԼܲԽϵ¶Խߡ
εһĲڣҲŪˡ
ɻԼԭλãԼϣԱߵĿλԱЩ͵˵
ʱ䲻ˣ˯ɡ˵Ҳ
ԣЩ㵣Ŀĺ˷ܣ˵Щ
㡭졭һ˯˵߻ָָԼ
˯ɡεͷҲû̧˵
һõ϶𰸣ǰ£һ˫ָס
εֱӣǳӦܣֻһš
˯˵ˣεϲ¡
ε¾ã˫ֻסĵطЩĸоǳĲڡ
ãߴйɵĺ
ε˿ȻոԼ˫һֱڿ飬ֻԼ֪˼Ͳϡ
е飬ʼʶķҳһҲûпȥ
ͷųϲе˯Ծͷ
Ǻǰ۰ĦȫͬĸоΪ˼һ
ź˯ӣǿʼ΢΢ʱһŭŵĶž飬պϲá
ԼԼӣΰĲʵ
εһЦ״ҸС
С˵֮˵ǳࡣ
ԣȻҲز˻û˵ֱ꣬Щٵϡ
֣׻ʧķġʱһº͵
Ҳ밡ֻǽȥ˵ֻдˡո˵ٵˣڵԵЩί
Ҳ𡭡ãˡº֮˵ĻԵЩҡ
Ƭ̣Ҳκˡ
ξҪѣȴһֱѲԼһֱȴκֻܾЩ˵
Ǽ˸ոտᵽǸǽԼһҪѡȥʲôȴֲԼ
ԼξˣŸЩ˵ĻǸʲô˵ġǸˡʲôˣ
룬ڰΰ֮䣬šžءһˣһŲ
ȻĶߴл˵ʲôȴĪİ
εŴϵһ޷ݵϸ΢ҵɢڶǰҵķҴŨܵĳޣһ˫ƯΪ˯жţô޷˯൱
õģ
εԼȻЩʧЦ
תͷ̫Ѿϸˣϵȴƺûļ
˼ҪҪȥϾٲ緹Ҫˡ
ţεǰȥͣڴߣеϽ𴲳Զ
εл˼ûӦΪ˯Ե΢ССΪԼĶһЩӦ͸س˳
űԼЩεεЩƣôôûѣֽл
˭ںԼ˵
˯еſ˫͸о쳣ĿѵգգۣʶʼԴȴ̸оԼЩʹ
ֲԾԼӣ͸оǸæ˻ȥ
̧ȥεѾվϷʣֻǺܿ첻ˡ
ȥԷɡεָĿǣޱ˵ֻϸԲıʲô
ε˵꣬Ц⣬תȥ
ıЩͣԻЩ򣬷Ӧ˺üģ΢ѹʱεѾ߳˷ˡ
뵽ղŵΣ˰ӣεβͬģʣĺˡ
ЩƺҪʲôֻȥ˵Դȥʲôأ
Լ˼УͻȻʲô
ѵǡ
æ´ſڵϣ˵ϣ˽ȥҡ
ǵΪǶۣܰһžͰߵ˴¡
òҲ˰ɣʱָȴͻȻһӲ
ˣ۾һæץסǸ˳
̧һеǸǵһǿ塣
ڴôãȴǰ㲻Ⱦ統һӨͨ͸屾Ǳ̹ǣԼһ󺮹⡣

 15 

ϸ壬Щ˵Ļ˼ţѵǿ˵Ǹʵǡָ塣
űԼŵϵ壬˼
Ϊ壬ԼӦѾΪŮסԺŰɡȻǲҪȴǱҪ
ڡҲΪ壬ԼԼˣһҪһ֮ˡ
뵽εìܡ
ȥҲԼˣϾԼĵطȥˣпܻȥʹһӹŲɵҲٲܿˡ
뵽⣬ӿһꡣѾôȥȥҲضǲĵĻšҡҲҪڳεߡ
ﰵ˾С͸һɼᶨ
ҪľǴ壬Լֱ˻ȥ
˼ˣ峺â
㲻ôϺܺó԰ֱ𡭡
ڻʲôںġడ
ĲôϿȥа
㶼ɨİ㿴кöϡ
Ǹʲôôǰû
ΪʲôЦʵЦȥ㡭

εԼһҪͣǧҪ͡ԼźСӼƽϡ
ǡҪץˡ
СѾСʱħˡ־ѾڷԵˡ
ײУԲʲôϵ˭ȥϵģȻи𻹳
ǶôΰȻ˵࣡
ʲôжɨҲΪʲôôϣΪ˰֭εĵǡ
УԭµǣʮҪþжõ䣬Ȼ˵ϣ
ǰô
ƭˣΪСľʵıʸǰ߶ְ顣
˵ɲ԰εĲУһڻû˵ͱˡ
˭ΪʲôĻ񣬻ŵôΡ˵⻰İԹ
Ǹǡε͡
ϲôԭѾϲ˰һСȫû˸ղŵɡ
ֻû뵽ϲӵˡɤû˸ղǰԵЩͳ
˵ܲܰЩ߰Ǹϵ˽˼ѾܾúܾˡźǴһڼѧУġԼǵðŵȥˡ
Ѿ˰Се㾪ȡ
Ҿ֪ϲĴӡȻϵȾ˹ʡ
ε룬Сйġ
ŲˣץǲǶ˺ܲʣΪ˫ָպݺݵק
ߡߡ˵أεһ
ȰݰݡȻһ߶ŻϹһﻹдʡ
ȻְѸոĵطƽŻԭλã˿
תڻسεкܿһ˿
Ĳôɤٴ
εߡ

 16 

Ĳϡ
Ӳתͷһ˷ܵεҧгݵ˵
治ܡһϧĿǡ
εԼһһʧС쵽𡣴ӳ緹һֱڳһлҪ˵ӣȴֹּǺг
ӸղŵһֱǶ˵ʲôεۣĥȥˡԼѾĥĲˡ
㿴ȻЩȣǳϵˬ졣
ֻȥ棬ΪڼĺģΪ㲻ģֻ֪Լڻҡ˵󣬻ί
˵ʱһޱȰԹųε
εܾģǿֻǽӲصͷӦ
ˣ֪ˡȥ·ɡεЩ޿κε˵
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˼˵ҳȥ𣿡ֱޱ˷ܡ
ǡػش
㶼ˣܲӦ
εһĵӣ޺޵롣
ȥ·ˡ˵ꡣһ˷ܻܵط䡣
ȥȥɣ³ȥ㡣εĵ롣
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׼Ѹ˫ס۾ֱЩԶ֡
ҿʲôεƲƲ˵
׼ǲ׼ѵҺÿԺ׼ٿӡЩص
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εӦǺܲӵЦ
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εתͷǰŲ֪Ǳ̫ɹĻǱЦС΢΢ڷС
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һοЩǺĲˣǴĽźµڵԾԾԣǿʲôʲô
εȴѾ۵һҲ߲ˣֳֻṩϢϿ档
ȡεһߺһϵ
Щڡ֪ȥӰˡֻǵʱֱʮĺӦϲ
ľһĵ飬һһһǼУ˷׷ײĿ
εҲЦź֡
ϵЦݾ͸Ǵӽھûͣε֪ϲ൱ϲǡ
ȻСӡ
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ʮ˵䣬ʮ˵־ʮ˵ĲɣεЩ̾ԼҲ˵
Щٵóεع
ͷ󺹵ȴһ˷ܲѵСεڼƻ˰ɡ
ȥǱ߿ָ˵
ε˳ָĵطȥֳС̣ǺԶҲͬˡ
ȥɣҪܣҵȻ˵ǺԶǳεǽ䣬һʱȥˡ
ҲܵġԺҲᡣ
͵͵䡣
һЦתȥ
ıӰǼҵ꣬εŷ
ϢһᣬȥȴԼֻˣһʾȻѧĵ绰
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ԹݺݵˤڵϣȴǺˡ㶪˺ˡһҪһˣҸˡ
ֻǽŵһֱûлᡣ˸һ˳
ŻؿڴʵûͷҲû˼ڼմת뿪۽ɨȴĶס

 17 

ڷŵһӣ˵ֲһӣֻӴǺɫģּɫƣǳޣ
ʣһתͷŷֵﾹȻһˣȻú֣ܺܿͻתͷĿתĿǶԺɫӡ
ôվ⣬ʲôôεһ߽Ϳɵվڳǰ
ĳε
ڿʲôεߵߣ۾Ҳ˳߿Ǹ
ϲǶӡָָмǶԺ
ʯƣǳҵĻᡣϲһӣôڱ˴˵ᣬϬͨεǶǰļ鿨Ƭ
Ŀ𣿡ӵĹЧ󣬲˫һ
ǿʯͷεÿɷ˵ЩһʯͷԸıġ
ҵûˣǻ߰ɣõ±ᡣεܣֵûˣ΢΢Щü
ǣĺϲǵȵòáЩ˵
ʱ䲻ˣȻȥɡ´ʱϾҲڡεߵ⣬ͷ
ٵȵȺòáվԭأǲġ
ãɫѾˡҪȥεҲûһھܾ
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û˾İɣиõġεȻ˵û˾ûˣֺαǿ󡣿ǲûʲôֵʯͷѡ
ԵһĮȻı飬˿̵ȴͻȻ
ÿζ׼ȷԼ˼ҲĳϲǶӣȴȫĮϵ
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˵ҲЩز˵
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ԣεղŵͨ绰Ȼ֪˵϶᲻ˣ˼֮£Ǿ˵һ
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εתͣȴһϵı˵൱ѿ
ôһؼңһ˳ȥǸʲôѧɡúˡ
漴뵽ղ˵Щ˵飬ҲǺǸʲôѧйذɡ
ĻóεЩ⡣
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Ϊô࣬㶼ΪҪˡȴֻҪңȥǸʲôѧį
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ڴеͳʹضҳΪӵ壬Ϊֻߣ㻹˵ʲôʲô֪ı
˵꣬͵һתǰܡ
Ȼ˵ʲôѾ˵ô˲
ԭֻһ⣬ֻһҪһ飬Ǹɡ

εеǿ鱻ŵ壬ķ·ܸܵϵ¡
ڵ˵ĸо
ǵûԶıӰ̾
ղΪʲôѻ˵ءͲ
ȥſţҲſؼ
˭ʲô֪ı
ΪʲôһҪֲܵܰѻҲûʵ壬ۣܵԼ׷ҲࡣǸķ
ľ׷ҸϵϷˡ
룬ε˫ȣʼǵӰ׷ȥ
ЩЦѧǱǿ϶ȥˣǱֻܱ˲ż
ѧҡ飬ȥˡҲܱǸܰѧæˣϻǷݼƻ©鷢ʼ㡣
ʲôô绰ͷº͵
ûʲôֻǺͱ˷˵ᣬԱϽǸ˽
ʲô˿һ侲ôŰ绰ͷЩЦ
һܱŤˡѧȲ˵ˣͷٴɡ
εҵ绰ͷֻŻؿڴ󡣴ҪٶȰǸֱŤ˸׷ֻǡ
ȴǴʧɫ
ΪǰȺѾҲӰˡ

 18 

ܽһС˫סͷϥǼ䣬Сسš˫粻ͣس鶯ܿ죬ͰϥǴĿŪʪһƬӰ·úܳۻ˭˶ᶯݡ
ء󱿵ô׷߿һ߱ԹҪˣȴû׷ղŰװ׿ôࡣ
ʱ򱳺һŲΪǳε׷ˣæͷȴġȫİסﲻЩʧ
Сãôһ˶ް˵һһ˫Ũüϸ۵СӡͷȾɫһа
Ĵ𻰣ͷתٿǣǴᡣ
ﷳҪΪʲôЩˣֲǿ޸ǿģװ˷ѸղЩᣬֵ
Сãô˵أ㻰ʱһ
߿˹֡ҲǣڵܶӣΪʲôЩûû˵ģѾˡ
ģ˵˭󰡡˵Щܻ
ѡԣ̧ͷȥע⵽ղ˵ԭŮӡ
ֻǰŮһŨױȫǺ̵ģŴ൱¶̫ͳΪղ˵Ǹء
վϵ·ۿǰ⼸ˣЩشתֻصվǰŮϣһŭı飬΢΢ǣЦֻǳ󣬼ֱѿˡ
ɣɷϣ椳ĵȷǱԱߵļ˶ЦЩֲ֧
ģЦͳǡǸаɵŮһŭ𣬹ԹԵ༸˱졣
ְֳֺ֣ȻۣȺ֡۾ɨվŮԵӣЩ˵
caoĲͷǲǣ˵үүҰǸʱùҲסˣ˿ˮݺݵ˵
˵ŭҲ׷ǰЩĿ¶׹⣬ЩȴĿ¶⣬ȫ⡣
аɵŮӣȴ˼һ׼ҪϷı顣
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ȥˣ
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ز죬ģ֪ôؼҡûǮǵһˣֳô־ټΰôң֪᲻ʲôΣա
εԽԽǲһڽϿٵߣһ߻ܣϸѰҡ
ΪȣǴѡϳˣ
ŽϵԽԽ࣬εԽżҲѲƽ˫üд˵벻
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˿̵ҲЩȷˣĻҵ
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˵Լߣ˵һеҲҪԼߣѵֻ˵˵ô
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εãȻײײܣƴԼһҪ侲
ֻһʱ̫ԶֻԼż˵վĵԼȥ
һģһҪҵ
ȻôԼôԼǿŶʧġ
飬ȴġ
ɵɴ˫ۣΪСû뵽ôã¾Ͱĸͬȫſڵϡ
Լ֣͵͵ϢȥԼһͬæ
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ڵҪû¸֪¶ݴˣһ۾Ϳͺˡ
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վˣҪվԵĵطվ·棬վ뵽⣬ļܳӣ
ڻмͻȻϤӰһش󺰡
ѾʧӰڣһȻĵҪǰȴֳεһŭس˹ŵԭء
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ޱȶ˵黰
ԺȥҶ㣬ҪʲôҶ㣬ôҶ㣬ǲܵˡ

 19 

ɴ۾ЩţͻĻֱ֡
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˵𣿡ԼĵĶˡ
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εü˵СǰȫǼٵĲɡ
ҲᣬڳķеĶѾˡ
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浱Ǻƭ

εǰһŵľ棬΢΢һӮˡ
ʱȴͻȻžһ

 20 

ŵؿԼͷ˦һ⡣
ˣȻˣҡԺԼ죬ȻҡͷŮһһƻ㣬Ϻݺһţʹаɵ˫Ŷӣʹ˵
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Ҫ˯ˣɡ
˵˫ڴĿŴǸһֱ˯Ӱ

 21 



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̿һ۳ʦ8ԾͻȻʲô˵
ʦǸ㣬̵㣬н顣
˰̣ҲҺú˵˵ѧ˵꣬Ͼͳ˰칫ҡ
һӣ칫Ҿʣˣε̧ˣǰȴͻȻһİס
εһ£Щá
ҽѧʵϰ̡϶ˣҴȥҽҿɡѧЩĵĿ
á³֣ε߳˰칫ҡ
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ȻֻǺϸ΢ĶȴӺ汻ѧץסˡεü̲סͷ
̣ԷſҪȥϿˡεЩͷ
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ŰɡεȻиоԼӦˣȴǵ
ûϵֺôҪȥϿΡ
ٰɣһοʦ˵ģȥȽҪѧü˵
"ôһڿҲûйϵϾ˭ÿֻ59ֵġ"ѧ΢΢һЦº͵˵ӦǳѧŶԡ
ѧ仰εʧ
Ϊʲô˻˵ͰְһĻء
ְѾҪ˰ҲǣͰְһҪˡ
뵽Щ;õͷʹȣ˷ǳҲľúܷˡ岻ʣε޷άޱһ棬˳ӵѧǩȥҽҿ
һκѧ龰֮ԻѧΪ֪ԭҲбҵġ
֮Ļ涼Ϥģô빤УͨĥôһʱԲһѧѧˣΪֶûһ壬ƾשҪġ
ȻѧڵĹ˾ȥԼϲĹϼȥѧϰƣΪ֪ĸϣġ
ˣͶԼ˵ڲԼ̣Ժ̡Լһһߵ˽졣
ǰĻ棬ЩģؼǰĻ±
εвЩ
ǰ19ôȥ
ôǾҪˣ˵ǰῴԼƽ飬ǻعⷵջʲô
"ڲˣǻ"ͻȻһ
εȵػͷȴ߳һŮŮӦúᣬ˵ȴԸ˲²͡
"˭ȥˣ"εǰŮʳԼʡ
"Ӧǻûصĵطˡ"
ŮһЦε
վǰŮεֵŮ
"˭ģҾ㡣"˵΢΢һЦóεûعһֱĲ
εĳεŮ˵
"ˡ"

 22 


"磬Ҫȥˣܿѵġ"߿ǰزסȲӣ
"ţ⻰˵ˡүûѰ"һ˵
"Ϳˡ"߶ڴߣһ϶˵
ô궼ȹˣѵµȲ⼸
Ҳʱ˰ɡ
ؿŴϵˡ
Ժ֮䣬εڽ彲ʲô
ʶѣε۾
ӳǵŰĴΧ˳£ⷽ龰óεʱմҵĸо
΢΢תͷкܶˣʱͷǰһŷŴ
"ա"εŵĵһЩҵӣʱȫѡ
ɵƤǳε뵽ݴʡ
ǰʵϵ̫죬ϵƶļֱǲɺԵƤȫһ𣬾Ǳɹɹ͸Ƥһϸ룬ǰȴֳһ
ǰ˫ͨ죬ϻδɵˮԵǼ֡͸ղŵԱȣε˿൱˳ۡ
"磬߿ǿ"˵иӰǰ
ûļһĸͻȻ˰ȫİӡ
εЩէؿǰЩӯꡭС
ÿȻͬΨһĹͬǶǳĶܺÿԼȻҲǳ˼ϲá
"˭"ε˫ֳӣǰ⼸һ٣ǳɻʵ
"ү簡ү㲻ǵ"ǰӾŵؽе
"ﵽ"ε΢΢ü
ֽ֪ǰȫʶ
εֱӿߣоӦ֪ʲôΪֻһޱǣһ
"磬Ƕȳȥ֪ͨˣүѾˣȥ׼ԵģȺү˵˵"һ˼ؿųε˵
"--"
"Ƕȥɡ"
籾˵ʲô֪ڿܻʱ򣬴һĲᣬͷһ۴ϵ˾첽˳ȥ
ļҲǴͬͱ鿴˳εۣ˳ȥ
ķ䣬ʱֻʣˡ
"ﵽ"εӵĹɫ㣬һֺĲ
""˵
εһ㶣Щȷ˴Ρ
"˵"
""
ɣǵǸĹҡ
ȵȡεͻȻ뵽ʲôȻôأǸԼһ׵Ů˭ǸŮ˵ûصĵطǲҲص硣
εԼһƬңǲɫߣΪĴԽȣǵһʱȣ˵־ô
εЦ̧֣صصİ˰Լ̫Ѩ
ҪúԼ˼
ҪĿǰһС
Ϊʲô֪
ǸŮ˭֪
ܻܲȥȷ
ǰ˵ͼ֪
ΪʲôڿԼүѵ
ε΢Щ侲֪ͺðˣ֪ģͿ취ˡ
"Ҳǿ˵Ǹү"ε˫ֱֱ뿴ߵķӦ
"֪"ֻǿһۣޱ˵
⵹εЩˡ
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岻ģ̧ʱ֪ˣƤûôסӦֻ괩Խôأִô
"εաһˡĵһǰΪʲôˡڲܸ㡣"һһش⡣
ֲǸŮһģһԭĵһȵȡȻеһӦҲеڶΪʲô֪ڼĴԽˡ
"Ҳ֪"˵˳εеʡ
εЩȻǰ߾Ȼ͸ӡ
ȻЩȣеûбԽ˸ȵˡ
ﵱҲһһ𣬳ʣ
"֪Ҹ֪Ķң㾿˭"
"һµ׷ʲô£"ֳغǵĵؿŴһԲİӡ
ǰҵӵϲѾ棬ʧһҵİȴͻȻԼſڡϴķִѪŵķ·ң֮ȴûз˿ڡôѪ˭أ
"㲻˵ҲͲˣֻŮĻ¡"ֳ΢΢̾ĻЩ˵ڡ
"ˣﲻ˵ˣúϢɡ"ֳظӵĿһ۴ޱĶӣ̾˳ȥ
һ˿顣
ۣ᲻䡣
֪Ҷ֪ܵһȥʲô¡ʲôҲ˵Ҳ˵˵˱Ҳδػš
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ʱĺõĺú£ȫհף۾·ֻкɫѾûӡԼôιȥģֻ֪ʱѾ
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ֻҪû£Ҫôԡ

 23 

εyԼգΪϡʱ֣汻εأɽʡƽңغһε档ĺԷգΪεա
εεʮҲǽһ
εнʮ״Ԫʮ걻Ϊ࣬Ȩ㳯Ұ֮£䲼һϵзʩһǿĵλҲ꣬ϳʵʱȴͻȻԣûԭҲûвĳ˯˾ꡣ
һǿʢ˥䣬ڶӵͱԽǻ񣬻һЩҲѾãÿ¾ͻһΡ
Ϊ֧ԮӣＯã͢︳֮ɽáãӯ⣬ȴŪİտ಻ԡ
ܵ,ص۸͹Ž׼ľӶᣬŪ
նڴεѣ·ֻҪֿԻص Ĳʢʱڡ
ľǵͲũǿԷģճɲãȫûԲ˵Ҫÿ°Ͻ͢
"š͢ôܣѵû"εЩɻʡУǻɱôйʷƷġ
Ѿ֪ǰ߽ѩӰεฮĹܼң˵ǰһִġദһᣬεߵҪҲһš
"ڻûʶ㣬Ůֻƽӹǻӹ֪һҲȥ䲼һЩߣֻϧ裬ûа취ıյ"ѩӰЩ̾˵ŮλûʵۣǹҪǵ̫࣬Ҳ̫ѶϣڳҾ˥ܵ˽졣
"ʱˣҲоˡ"ѩӰпĿε
"ңܡ"εҲûһڻؾ
"ѵĿǧˮ֮жô"ѩӰ˫ۣЩ
"ʲô£㻹ұ˰ɡ"εޱĿȱ˵ûҲˮ
"㲻УûүС"ѩӰǵ
"ʲô˼"εһ㶡
"Ϊô壬ΪүģүֻǻԲˣǲܽġ"ѩӰһһٵ˵ԭί
"˼ƻǣ"εЩŵʵ
"ĻǣǼүһһǣǻڵɢ֮үǿڵġ"˻ԣûѩӰǷ龰ٸн
һж˼ˣѩӰ㻹Щο
"ΪʲôĻҾҵĴԽǳǳıһƺõıѵȥǸ磬Ҳǰźõġ"εüʵ
һ뵽ǴĿĽӽģﵱ¾÷ǳ
"ߣһ˵ǸСҾҪⴳ룬ǵļƻȻϸ类ǵ˴ˡ"ѩӰһ뵽߲ѡҪǸСҲôЩʱա
֪ĽӽģεﾹȻһ
"ԭԤ˭ң"εʵ
"ǴȥģϾˣֻǻûļһУͱǸСռȻ"˵⣬ѩӰһߡ
"ȵȣʲôҵˣ"
"δŵķɣôҪϤչˣ㰴Ħ㱧ȥɹ̫Ϊ֫Ϊʲô"ѩӰƳһۣ˵
ԭջ֣˵ڴ˾Ӧ֫ӲѪҺͨȫûָоֽеѡ
"Ҽǵ˵εԵʱʮ꣬ʮ̸ۼ޻᲻̫˵㣿"εȫܽܡ뵱֪ʮ˾͹Ծģû뵽ӵ˸졣
"ȻûţεฮİˣҸǾŹ㡣"ѩӰв˵
ʲôϵֻǽ壬ûҲҪհɡε̲סֹ
"ھεĹ࣬Ҳᵱһ̷ǰݺ֡"ѩӰһǳбҪҪǰŮԼڵݡ
εЩס"Ŷ"һʵǲڣֻڨЦת˻⣬"һͿǰ˸ӣòҲҵķɰɣ"
""ѩӰһۡڵ
"ҵķɡ"˵⣬ѩӰϵĻЩ鲻ᡣ
----
εҧԼͷ
Ҳû뵽𰸡
һ뵽ǰ˸ɵӱǰϵĶ͵Ůѹ£¾һ񺮡
ǳʶˣʲôţ۲ݡ
ѩӰķӦͼֲˣֱ׳˵
"Ѿͷ˿ǻۣǿһƤҡ"
ѩӰһ˵ı飬εЦһ
̾Ǳﰡ
ε뻻ʱȴ
ѾͷӦϢĲ˰ɡѩӰֱ⡣
Сε㶵ػشȴֲĸо
ܺáǿԳˡѩӰ˫ֱֱضųεһ
䣬ʱɽˡһ˵лһֵҴ
εûӦֿѩӰлһذף۷žؿ

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ѪѩӰ³֡
˫һץ֣ߣذףϻһʱѪֱӿǸҲҴ棬Ѫ˽ȥ
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ЩıۣһᣬεͻȻоһۿѩӰ˿Ĩҩ
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ֻ΢ͷתε¹ಡһɳʧںҹ
ѩӰſε󣬾̨
εؿԼ˿ھȻʧˣֻµذ̺ۣ˵ŸղһС
ƾʲôεѩӰıӰŭ
֪Ϊʲô𣿡غôѩӰתŻڴϵĳεĵؿڡ
ô֪εĴ
Ϊ
壡εе
ѩӰӻ͵ĲǿԽ塣
⵽ô¡εʵ
ǰһиǳԤı
ѪεһػܵεΣʱͻ跨үΪ޽ҲǿסһһǣȻǿµȴԶ⣬ѩӰ̾˿ӵĿһ۳εּ˵
Ϊ֮ΣǶϲУĻǿдǧΪʲô㣬Ĳ֪ĻүԼģҲ㵱ӿѩӰһ£εһţЩЦ
㲻ţѾ㲻òšʱΪѪѪ񣬵ȴΪԼѰˣǲŻѩӰ˵꣬εֻһ˼顣ѩӰ̾˿ͻȻž͹
֪ǿ㲻ãϣԴӦǵΪүֺǧ㣬ҲϣʱѭҰɡѩӰһؿŴϵˡ
ε´󾪣ֻǱϲɫͻȻЩ˽ˣΪȫԸͬܡǰһָѩӰ˵籾ԴȻޱߵǡû취޶á
뵽⣬ε΢΢̾Ѿ˾ȴúܲꡣܾôӦ֮ǰԽԽԶǰ龰ȴݲӦ
´ε첽ߵѩӰԱߣѵѩӰ𣬿һЩϲõѩӰ˵
˾һᾡֻϣº취һȥֻҪӦҾʹӦ
ֻҪϴӦºһƴҲȥѩӰʱݺᡣȻһ죬ֺηһΡֻҪ£һп
εǰǲڡ
ˣ㻹ûҸղô¡
뵽ղνķѪεʵת˻⡣
ǣүѩӰ˵ᡣ
ѪǿʳѪάÿιѪֻüξͺáղѪȥǵһѣ飬ŵȻٸ㡣ѩӰЦеؿųε
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ˣү㻹ǵѪ˵ֻҪԴ뿪ԺιѪġҲ仰Ѫֻ⻰ѩӰȴû˵
ɣֻҵѰ
뵽챻Ѫ龰ôǼѪͿιģε岻˲
ģѪɲ죬ֻҪѪͿˣԲ㲻Ѫι񡣡ѩӰ˵⻰ɼ˿Ц⡣ϾѪǴôιȷ̫˷ˡ
ε⻰˿
ϾѪιô붼Ǽǳ顣
ȻǷѪɣǸղš
ţղŰҵѪ˭ˣΪʲôŵҵѪѵҵѪͱ˵ĻʲôͬεʳԼʡ̫û뵽⣬ھú֡
Ѫһô಻ͺŲͬʱӦû֪ѪνABOЩֱǡ
ΪүѪԾȺöءѩӰһĵ˵
ˣѪ͵ȷOѪӦûʲôôɡεɵؿһ˷ܵѩӰ
ΪүѪǺĵҩԣǺǧ꿪ǧɽصһൽֵġǺĳɽ֮ߣ֮仨綾ޱȣǻĸȴܽٶʱкü·˵ȥֻǺо޶Ļꡣ˵⣬ѩӰ̾ߵ棬һһȴˡ
εȴһǵڽӹС˵ǺģԺѩӰ˵Ĳࡣǻǳе飬ʱڿϱ߿ӹû뵽
εǰٸн治а
Խ鶼ᷢȽ£ҲͲþˡ
ţҵѪ˭ˣ˵ʲô˼εԼбҪŪҪԺһΣƶѪ
ĴŮҲаǣȻ缸ͱʱˡֻŮҲǿ˰ѩӰǸп
ôôӣֳǸʲôŮεһͷˮ
Ҽǵ˵ǸŮȾ񼲣ʱڶǶŮȨôǣΪʲôҪǣ
ߣֻǱϣȻʵȨǱȴٿһУҰ֮ϼ붼ˣϺպѪӰ¥հ֮ԻȾ񼲣ΪԳͱ¶ҽҩЧ⼸궾ԷԽƵѲŻǡѩӰ˵⣬ϵԵЩ⡣
ȻĴ澴壬ȴҲĴ浣ǣΪ֪֮䶼ǻöԷ˵ѣǸȡ衣˻Ϊĵˡǣ̫ˡѩӰԼ뷨е
εѩӰ˵ĻﰵԾ
ȻʱҲµŮĲ϶򵥣û뵽ôӡΪʲôѩӰ֪ô࣬Щ󲿷˶֪Ϳ϶֪ȻҲҪȥʺˡһ֪ѩӰô֪ġ
뵽⣬εһ˼ؿѩӰȴ
ѩӰҲع˵
Ž
εһ磬ﾹȻЩġΪԼĸоĪϾֻһѡΪʲôᡪ
үšģ́ͷѩӰͳεǡ
ʲô£
ţ˵ϺܿҪฮˣ˵صҪү˵꣬ԾεҲڿԼʱ˸졣
ɡŸûһᰡô֪ˡڶ绹һ֪Ȼ϶װȥεﰵпࡣ
˵ûءѩӰû˼˵
֪ȥšҲò죬˵곯ѩӰͳε˸˳ȥ
⵹ǻεЩˡ
ʵôûϣ˵ͿԲ

 24 

"ûϵ"εЩɻؿкȲѩӰ
˵ʵӦǳĪң˻лʵۻȥġ
"үģ޷Ͼүͻϼ滹̫磬ҲүϤϤС"ѩӰŮλʵۣںЩڡĵǰүܲסĿǰ
뵽⣬ѩӰеĲ豭Եĳεʵ
"үѩӰʣүûʲô֮˵óʲô"
"ҼԻҪ˵óôó"εһᣬڴ
йˮۻ軹дǸи֡
ѩӰΪǾԲģ治
Щӹ֮ƽǲУǶԹ¿ûһô
"үʷΣ"ѩӰ˫ֱֱؿųε
"˵ĺʷôǺǡȥ"εЩĻش
ʷпĿ￼õһšļĿԴǿصġ
ѩӰҲµ˴š΢΢̾ЩͷۡԱһ˿ٴοʵ
"үѩӰʫ·Σ"
"ȫС"εǳʵش
ɶġʫЩ秵ĶûкøУʱ䱳ЩѾĵˡ
ѩӰסˣվضȲ
˭˲֪ε࣬ͨҵ伮ĵҲͨһʫʷǼߣڳ£岽ʫǲڻ¡ʮ꣬Ѿ״Ԫ£ʮٰݹ࣬νһʱ
ǰλӹȥүûС
ѩӰﲻп࣬ҵĺӰʲôˣⲻǳΪô
εǲ֪ѩӰ룬ѩӰһյӣúЦ
ôôȻʫԲŪīȴǷǳõģѧֻ̳ǡòɡ
"ţ˶֪ⴲ˾꣬û飬˵ֶʶҲϡ档"εĽŸеΪȻ
ٺãûϰѧУ֪ʶҲ϶ǵˣ
"ʲô㲻ʶ֣"ѩӰ⻰ŵɫ䡣
"ʶֻ֣ʶǵ֡"εһ۵
"ɲɣҪֶʶ⻹ôϳ°"ѩӰ⻰ŵżˡ
ȥүŮ£Ҵһ붼Ǿүִ֮ģǡλȴֶʶô˵˵ȥ
ٹ˶֪үˣʱ϶ﲻ˹̽Ͱݷãֻסˡ
뵽ЩѩӰѾ˾ϣڽ̫
"үȻԹ"ѩӰ˵һ룬ˣѻס
""ѩӰָ飬ڵ
"ţѾ֪ͨ˹Ĺ£ǰ·˻ϡ˵ѾعˣûʲôáֻǴ˵ϣڳϺүͬ¡"
ϵ˼ԣһҪڽϼεӰ
ѩӰ֪ѾŮˣʥ⡣
ֻ칻ôֲаɡ
ǲҲˡѩӰ̾˿ǰ˵"磬ȥԸ׼÷ٸߴңүȥš"
֪ฮ˴Ŷڵʱ򣬾үһ棬ȴʱڿֶʶȥʹ档
ȻЩʧ䣬ԹӦӦ
"ȥɡҺүл˵"
"ǡˡ"˵ߣֻǰûͷһۣҲԼ²˼æ˳ȥ
εȥ󣬲˿
Ҳ֪ԼôˣϸղԼҲͼ棬Լڿʱ򾹾ϲ֡һ˾ˣ˺¶ϰĮиоҲվġô硪
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ֻһᣬԭֻм豭ϣڶѩӰ֪飬ڼӵС
"ôʲô"εЩɻʡ
ߵǰһӳ治ѣΪһֶʶ
"ĹôǸֶʶĴġ"ѩӰƲһۣ˵
"֮һҪЩ顣"һݲñ˾ܾ
ѩӰһóεЩס
ЦĻ졣ոһһүеĻ죬ȴ˸һΪһǴôԭĵĶһġ
ҲΡεЦ
һֱΪһʱȥͻĲ鱾ЩǱͶ飬мġ飬ֻ֪ԼѧῼôǸǸ߷ֵܵˣ˸޷ʵ㡣
ѩӰȥ뷨Ҳ֪ڶԼܲ΢΢̾ҲȥڶԼĹҺûһ˽⣬ĳһ׼¶š
뵽⣬ѩӰЩ˵
ҲΪãΣЩÿ
ҲῴġЩ˷ʱ䡣ε˵
Ȳ˵Щϲǿ顣仹ǿ顣
֪֪ĳϣж˫۾㡣Ծ꣬ûΪ͢κιףȴռŹһְΪŮʵȫӻȴѾܶ˵ĲλĳǵĻᡣʱʲôְλǶһİվ͸ûʲôָˡѩӰһνı飬Щصԭί
νٴð£ֻһƶ񣬼вҲõãǹٳĺڰһְҫǸʵֱûְλûݣôٶͲŻҲȻΪû˻ȥһۣû˻㵱顣
治үΪʲôѡһ˵һǴˡĿԾô
˵ʲôһǲῴġεƲϵһۣ
㡪ѩӰ뷢ŭ
̬̲ݻôӦ޵ʱҪ顣һʱȥЩ֪ν飬㻹ڳϻʲôˣһЩٳ;ڶȿЩҪҪεѩӰĻ侲ط
øҪڵϣֶʶô飬ڿסЩ飬ǲܵ顣
ѩӰһ⻰ž˼˼Ҳ޵
ղǼͿˣһʲôᣬͼæǰү鶼ȴֶʶôڿô顣
˫עǰŮӣǰԼϤȴԼȫİ֪꣬үΪʲôѡǾȻѡôضй֮ΪүӲûյ顣
뵽⣬ѩӰɫЩͣһı顣
ү̫֮ˣЩڲԣүҪŸղŵĻϡ뵽ԼջһģѩӰﲻЩڡ
ˣҲںεһν˵
ѩӰô룬ֻ֮һ׶ѣֻ飬һҵһôȥֻµǰᶼҪİæڰҲǰԼ
"Ůˣصģ컻·ȥɡ"ֳЩżضױ̨ǰİ˵
"Ҳȥ"žеԼ˵
"ŮϾδθص㣬ҪΪѺô"ֳüͷ˵
γԸǿֻǶŮһݶʱΪһС¾͵ȫˡ
ֻǾؿžӣû˵
ֳȻżҲţΪ֪һֱǸúӣ֪ء
á
"֪ˣһ·ͻȥġ"̾˿Э˵
ԼһΪѵı飬Ϊӵôġ
"ãȳȥк㻻·ǵپ"ֳĻشﲻ˿ŷĵתȥ

žɫ԰׵Լ΢΢Ц
Ųϳεϸۣţ
"ܺԼϲһǼ޸˭ʲôء"
˵ǲأ
֪ôҪˡ
ǣֻһ𰡡
ֻǡһжѾ˰ɡ
ڵﰡ

 25 

ڷ´½ϣмֻңͱԽΪҲԶһֱľ棬Ҳల¡
εԺ꿪ʼ˥䣬ľ𽥱߽⣬ܱڹʼһΪ񣬲ʱͽı߽
ʵٵǻΪ񣬲ԸͿ̿ĽһֱѡػսķʽĴȴ˳͢ϳĲΪþ˼Է׷ּҪսʱεѾ꣬ʵ˿ã޼ƿʩֻ֮ôӦ
ЩϳЩǿЩǻʵףǵλһʱȶģ˾ơҲЩٲĵز
ȻǵĳȶȴҲսܡΪЩʧȥڽʱȡľ˼뽥غͽ
֮һֱս״̬󲿷ֵǮҲȥ֧Ԯö벻Ϊ˳ӯ⣬͢ʼ˰գԹص͢ǿȡᣬ˰ѹ񴭲ͥŮĸɢ³
֮ȴֻһ˼ģǾ׸ҡ
ҵĸĿõģһǮϽģ͢¹Ա󲿷ֵٺ»ҲУȻҲһС˵죬
·һף°뱲ҲóˡԲ˶ŷҪӽҺ״ʡ
ҵȱжŮӣŮٵңƧϲӣ󡣶ŮȴǸ࣬ϲɽˮ겻ڸУӵȵˮŮϣǳ׵ʸ֮ģʮ׵һһȴ˿֪˼أҳȴԴԹСҴѩ꣬ȻҲвٹ⣬κҶı൱ãС涼û
ǰһűܣ̸ıҵˡҪǮǮҪˣΪʲôǵĻʱ䣬Ļ˸е棬Ͼһʮ۾ʹǰֱӴ峿ջƻպʮˡҥԶʱ˵òҲ˵вм۴ںʱٲ˵ľЩĵĺߡ
¥Ϣͨĵطʲô紵ݶһҪֵطɢϢĻ٣챣׼˽֪
Ҷң͢ڲڹڳɢҥģк߸ҷץȫ乫ǰȥ̡Ǽˣ͢ȴҲ²סڿڣⲻµĲô
"ջ"һ¥ͬ¥ľһЩị̄˵˶ˣȻһЩϢҲʵһЩͬоԺ޿Ŷȡ
"Ҳʮ˰ɡ"һλź³еŮӣŵһڲ
"ǰҪǹ˽껹û޳ȥԺޡߺߡֻܸ˵ˡ"һŮӽӿڵЩֻ
"ǺǣǮôǮûҪ"˵ǸļλŮӡһ⻰ʱҲȤҲ˵
"˼Ҽ޲ȥʲôϵţҵ췭ظҲ˲һëֻЩϰաֻǽԺҲˡ"˵һλŮӣĻŸпǸ̾
Ļɹڳ˲Ĭڵв᧿Σ
"˵ҽ˵εˡ"ڻŮԱߵһλŮӣͻȻѹ˵
"ʲô˵ĿѾ˾εࣿ"ŮЩ˵Сպջ˶ˣʱһš
""
"εүˣô֪ġ"
"ϢǼ٣Ŷȸ߲ߡ"
˷׷Ů˶Ůӡ
"⵱ȻģǶߵš˵ٹ죬εͻϳˡ"ŮЩ˵ȫ»ɶй¶һ䡣
ô϶˵˶һ뿪ġ
"Ҳţô飬ôһϢûС"
ʱһŮһɵ˵Լеʡ
Ļ侲Ҳ׷׿Ůӡ
Ϣڹ˶֪ˣֻǻߣ˵󹫸µġŮЩе˵±˵Ǻ졣
"ļٵΣģµҲһ˾ܾȵ˵ġұ̫ˡ"Ů̾˵
ʲôȲ˽оƽС˵꣬Ů͵صؾӣ¡
˶ŮӵĻҲ׷ƱӦ
"˵Ҳǣļٵģǵӻ."
"ԣǲ顣."
""
"ջ"Ķ¥ٴһλ꣬ɴ棬ӽջʼһáޱվڸղ˱仯
˫һ£ſ֮ͫĪ
̧֣ƱҲ¥֮һһ
±ӣһĨ˵΢ЦƳŪϲ
Ǽ֪ˡ

 26 

εۣŹɫķ䣬ЩԼȻĴԽˡ
֨ѽſˣһʮŮ˫ֶ˽
εһ£ڵ"ʲôʱˣ"
ֻСЩŵ۾"үū澴ŵϢˣ"
ô³ѲǰԼ׺ɣ
"޹أԼѵġ"ε΢΢һЦ˵ߵߡ
"үϴ"ŮЩŵ˵Сɵֵݹһؽ
ӹؽЩȣ˵ŮˣС֣װ׵ģ۵ģճͷһɷǿɰϵı޲͸¶͸еഺʹ档
ǰŮεºһЦҲȻֽӹݹؽ
ɾҲŮһȻεԼؽܡϾҪźǺܲϰߡ
Ųͣǰͷһ
""һ
"үôˣ"Ůæܹżʡ
"ûʲô"ε򶨵ػشҲͷֻ˫ֱֱؿǰ
ͭԼԭôһֱΪǴοǸŮζѣû뵽˾Ȼһģһ
ֻе㲻ͬԭҪ׾ܶ࣬ǲ԰׵İסǶδȥĹϵ
ϸ˿ڵ壬ǰҪҲݺܶࡣȻ㲻ϰͽµҲӯϸɣٻǺǰһȴǰҪƯܶ࣬̾Ȼһڰٳ󰡡
žеԼεȻпԶԾԵ˵ͷϿڵ⸱ģ
ȻĪ˶꣬ǱϾԼģҲ⣬ûдʲô߰ȥ
뵽⣬ٻЩҡ
ڴʱ֨һѩӰһӣЩ߰ףݸ˫ȴ֣˲С
εɻ֮ʱǸȴŹ
"μү"
"ߺˣ¡"εѸԵ
"үūŭŮ֮ү£׼ʱϳ"
ԭǹеڸܹˡ
˵ȷһūš
"ڸΪˣɷģһ׼ʱϳ"ε˹ǣЦ
ѩӰ˵ĵȷûϻϳҺ׼Щʧ롣
"ү¡ūš"ŭ˵
һݲܾóεһҲǴӦˡ
ѩӰεûκζ̧۶Ů˵"磬źү¡"
"ǣūȥ·"ŮЩҵܽȥá
"źңǶȳȥɡ"εŭڵϣǿ˵
"лүūиˡ"ŭ˵˳˷䣬ѩӰȻҲһ˳ȥ
˳ȥε˿
"үˡ"һЩ
"дǰɣ"εתǰŮʵǴ磬˻治֡
"ūǽд硣"ЩսսĻشûʲôʾԼæ"ôȰү¡"
ι󡪡
εͭеԼЩ˼顣
ͷعڣǶź»ϵһͨ׾ƣŴźɫ廨ЬֱӢˡ޷ӵģǻɢһ
û뵽ֻǻ·ȻһȫͬĸоεҲЩȵؿͭԼ
ᳶǣŶԾеԼЦһȴ--
ѣ
Цݵֳȫͬķ羰ʱĽ
ǳεȴЩ鴤
ôЦݰЦݰʶƻˣɵ͸ˡ
ԺЦΪЦҲʲôһ¡뵽⣬ͶԵĴ˵
"үӡ"
"Ŷ"εӦһ˫ֽӹӣ򿪡
ǰֵһ÷ͼ̬档˵Ļס
£һεգXXXXXXԺɵؾ֡
ʶεֺͼûֱһ۾ϳˡ
εyգȻεһֱΪǸ׵֡
ȵȣǵֻ֣ıεǺԼǰĳεwiֻһ֮ôεεֵô£
εʱš
ϸϸ˼ѩӰ
"үʱˣϳˡ"

 27 

"үźþû·ˡ"ѩӰЩӯ
εԣЦȻж
Ҳûд𻰣ֻʾѩӰڿɲǿ޵ʱ
ѩӰ˼۽ǣ䣬Ѹٻָԭһı顣
Ƕ˸ŭĺ棬߽ʹšε̧ͷһʵĴϹңڡ
˼
ھǳͥͻʵۣھţʾӶԳͥͻʵ۵ҳϡ
˼һţͱԻʵĲ
뵽⣬εﲻԽо
һСᣬʮǰ̨֮Ͼˡŵڣվʯ׵ԡǰһôȴôʵ
̧ϣŭſڡ
Żм֮ԶŭȻͣ¡תԳε˵
"үϺλ󳼶ˡū·ʹ⣬ү볯"
"ŭܹܡ"εҲĻص
"͡үūͨһڡ"
""
ε̾˿ʷǰĽš
ӣѩӰУ֪ȥһֻһˡ
"ൽ----"ŭһ߿ɤ
εȻİ׿δ֪Ľ
̤һ̣Ѿһأͨȫ˶תͷĿתؿǸӰ
Ǿһο࣬˭Ŀһˡεյķɡ
ֻ߻ƮƮĮգ߹ʣϻɢһɰÿһ󳼶һεѹϯ
εûо˵òȴŮȱٵӢԼ˵һ´֮Ҳ޷ӡ
֮֮ܶȻ˼ǵý档
εաһˡǺεȵķɡ
Ůἤؿվ·εաǰԼڵݣһ˹ȥúñǰ˴ʹһԼڵȵˡ
"΢μʡ"ű׼ǣεѾû˸ղŵǷţϾ֮֮
"ƽ--"᲻Ųæ˵ʵնЩˣǿֻ
"лϡ"εɤ
"л--"ڴҲ׷Ӧ
"ҹεտԿǵȵˣԺǰһΪǡ"ŮЩ˵
"ΪʷΪͣӵı֡˵ͣˡΪʧְ֮"ε˵ֹ⻰˵ĶЩ΢΢
ѩӰģҪ˵ܳһΣʵ̫Ϳ˴ֻʣһˡ
"֮У"
"лϡ"
"󲡳˾˰--ү"ϵطԸԵŮ
ܿӾͱ˹ε˵˼ȴĻŮ˼־˵˼лĻŰĵʼϵˡ
"ϣ΢ո˵ģϾ춨ᡣ"˵һθߴŮӡ
źڰ䳯٣˵֮˵ĳϻӥͼǵѩӰ߹ְλģôǰӦǽơ
εһţѳϵ˽˸¡
"ԱϾֻƲ⣬δгĴ㡣"Ů˵ϲսΪսܶˡܲսûǲҪս
"ϣŮ󽫾飬Ѿ½֪ŮϲսձȨֳؽ׼ҡһǻѱʱҹ"һһ˵
ֳأǵĸ׵֡
"ң˵ֳ֮ӱڴһ£ܲܳɻδ֪"
"ϣõϢ˵ֹӵĲѾȬǵĻھͶʮ塣ҽֻǳ顣"һƶ˵
"--"
"ϣΪ÷ϲߣӦüǿӴ¹ģƻϲؽš
ǳεһҲȥˡӶ֪Ϣ
ǸСȻҪˡû뵽û죬ͼڶˡ
ôȲô϶ı⣬ֻǡٲԸǵùԹϽΰɡ
ߣôܻǸڿ˵ϲԼСڱŮ˵Ļչķ顣֪ԼǶźеʱ
뵽⣬ε˼˻ᣬҲϲĻƣֱվߵ˸
"ϣ¿ɷ΢һԡ"
"εߣ"ϲؿվ·ˡ
"ϣ߳˵УǳԱ֤ǣʮκμȢ֮¡"
"֪εƶ"⻰Ҳʳڳ˵
"ϣʱ֪ˡ"
˻һʧڴҲ֮Աǡ
εɲô룬Իȥ룬ֻһһᡣ
"ôư¾ͽεദɡ"˼֮󣬿˵
"ɡˣ¾͹ˡ"Ʊ뷴ģȴɫһĿڵ
˵껹εҾǿıȴǷѡ
εת߻λûп飬ֻԸܵеߣֻº󣬵ٿǵѾʧˡ
"ϣεܹɲ˵һ£Գ飬֮ϺúһΣ"˵ҴŮӣɫĳ
ѧʿ衣ҪʲôأǺɡ
εȻĿģǵѩӰ˵ԲһֱԾӡԼ̡
"氮ãҲ˼"Це˵
"ô쳯ȵɡλ䶼£Ϊϵ׼׼"ĻĳЩһϲڳεȴúĪ
"лϣԸꡣ"ȫͷ򰲵
˵ȻҲ˳εЩζû뵽İ¹ףϥԺҪܴĥ
"ˣɡε⣬λ°ɡ"
˻һѾվ׼ߵĳε

ʧžϸ·ܵ顣
˫ãؿ⡣
õ԰־ɫ˿ûн۵ס
ǰŮ龰¡
ͬĮ飬ͬڱů밲ĵĸоŮֻк벻
ô죿ڶˡһжѳɶ˰ɡ
Լֻʲôڴ

 28 

"û뵽εһϳ͸˻ƽһӡ"
"˻ƵļƻԺ϶Ҳɡ"
"ֻû뵽εջԾȴꡣ"
"Σѵ̫ˣͲǵˡ"
""
½߳󳼱߻۸ղŵڵ龰
վڵڵѩӰǿǺ¡
ĵ֪ǹ˵һأµ˶ˣȴΩûԼҵү
ѩӰѾûȴԵù򶨵վڵڡ
ֱϤӰ̤Ųɵ˿
"үô˺ðų"ѩӰżǰʵ
"ȥ˵"εһ
һ⻰һ飬ѩӰɵһѵŮʿ˶ߣ
뷢ʣȴ·ϣѿڶ
"үǰôʪ˴Ƭ"
ѩӰĻóεϸѿ֡
ɵ뵽ոշ顣
ʵ˶ȥ󣬾ɱԼʮӡ߿޻˵ʲôûĵģȻڲ޵ȵĺࡱ֮ĻһػǷʲôң뵱ĸпɺԼʲôҲֻܽӲӣԼ
ֱˣŷſԼȻ˫Լ
ε뵽ﲻһ񺮡ʵۿԼ۹δ̫Ѱˡ
"үˣ"ѩӰӵε뷨ЦɫôѿԭΪ
"ţԺ׼Կҵ뷨"ε˫ۣ˵
"ˡ"ѩӰɵر˵ŵЩȻ˵
εһۣӹϵӣ̨ȥ
"˵Ҹղʲô"εղŵĻҲûֻͣ΢΢ĿβѩӰ˵
"ģϸղΪ޶⣬ֻʹȻ"
"⻰ô˵"ԣô
"үСΪ̫ӰǺͻһ𳤴ģȻ곤ү꣬־ȴɳԻϵĲλģүϻУӲǰλֻȴԼ£æļûҲǳе顣Ҳ˻Ϸ¶ĸԣԿ˲ⷬ"ѩӰԭίɵ̾
⼸ʵ˿ãһֱһЩ󳼺ͼλүǣţڴ˰ľ档
"ΪʲôϻϻԸʵۣ"
"ֻʴȣʱѾϷҪȥؽҪֻһλʴȰĻʵۡλүȽõѡ"ҲΪʴĴѩӰ뵽Щ꣬ԼĹҴһ˥䵽һЩ嶼۸ĵزͷ
ѩӰı飬óε΢΢Щݡ
˰ȷС
̾Ǿ⣬ÿһϹңѩӰıͺءȻͻһˡı鿴ԼÿضԶԡ
ţϣԼǸ⡣
"ţ֪ô¡"εӣָεʵ
֣Ϊʲô˲εεաոǸʵҲǣһֱ"գ"ؽиͣ
"үֿϻʮ״Ԫ͡ʾĳ𾴡նֿ൱ߵҫ"ѩӰһĸղŵı飬˵ϾûʵϵģҲǵһˡ
"ôѵֲֻ"
"ֻеõ׿ϲſֱԷǶԶԷĲ"
"εֺν⡣"ε߱ʣҡӣװǲʵӡ
"ϵ˼үεһһλǱپֵ˼"ѩӰһЦŽ͵
־˵εľҪ˼
εЩˣһֱΪʲôġ
Լ̫ţεεֻǴɶѡ
Ҳû˵ֻǾ߳⳯׹š
ûͿſⲻԶվһ硣

"үţǿɳˡȵĶ켱ˡ"翴ˣæ˵
"磬ôţ"ѩӰ΢΢üʵ
"ǣȷǳˣǼ£մ˵үϲˡ"ڼ˵
"ģ"ѩӰЩŵ
"ģڴڸүأүæűϲˡ"
"첻ѩҰ"ѩӰۼỨ
⿴ڳεȴǲɵһȻֻһ˲䣬ѩӰıһˣϵҲ˺öֻ࣬ǵٿȴַֺƽûʲôѵۻˣ
"ţȥɣүͼλүڵأ"
"ү֪ҿɷһ--"ѩӰתЩضԳε˵
"Ǻ£ȥɡҲԸ"ε΢΢һ㣬ǻѾˡ
ȻҲԵΪеģǸո˵Ĳ⻰
"лү"˵꣬ڣȴѾʧˡ
εǱŵĿɿڴô˵ûûˡ
"ǹƼ"Ц
óʮɹҲֻһѣٿЩѾûˡ
"ŵ书ôã"εĿɿڴ
"ѷ֡"޲ųݺĽ
ѩӰʧıӰεԼĸо
"ĽԽڡ"˵꣬εȴɫһ䡣
ԣ⻰˵ġ
ү粻˼н书Щҵؽ͵үΪڲ֪㡣
Ǻǣšһ֪һĨȻЦݡ
ñֻЩŵʱΪ
ʱ磬Ը汾ߣǺþûֵˡεºһЦ˫ֱؿϸʵ
Ը⣬͸·ƽֽ仯ܴүڿܶϵˡķӦһģĻȴǼѵӦ
εҡӣ۴Цؿ
һԼеǰ㺦Ȥ
类˫۶֪İںˣ»ǾǰΪ·
߽߱⼸ֵı仯ֻǱ˵߻ͷˡĿתؿԼֻΪİͷתȥ
ȴǿĲѣΪ˵һζദء
ǴʱĳεȴһҲЦˡ
Щ˵ġûҪ˵Щѿھ˵ˡ⵽ô£
ԼܲԾΪÿοԼ˸һڣЦȴ΢š
йŹ֣⡣
ѵǡ
Լ־˿ˣԲŲ˵Щ
εһ˼Ÿ¡
һ룬ȴܵ˶۾ЩŵĿֱȺ˳"εࡪ"
ʱС
ջĶ¥
үε𣿡ǲǿˣ
Ӧûֻһ˴ź׵ĳ
ǸôüĿεˡһϡ
ʲôҲȡһֱǸΪȺΧסԵЩҵŮӣеĲ豭һһٵ˵
Ϊʲôүʱ˺ܶ
ΪҺܿͿԼˡһ¶صЦݡ

 29 

ε
а˸ɴԲʱεڶŵλұѩӰѩӰֱ߿ʼζλɡֱ磬ϻŸλ
һͯһǸŵλáò忡㣬ҲѩӰĵķ֮һ
ȻѩӰһӾߵߣԵЩż
"ôˣ˵ڷôһô죿"
ѩӰĻóεЩЦô̫ţôܣžͲˡʧЦҡҡͷνĹҰɡ
"Ͼүһγţϲʧ"ӵϸϸģʮ
"㰡㶮¡"ѩӰЩ޿κε˵˵껹ֹӵıӣǵĶһϼ
"ϣ졣"
"СںĺʲôƵġ"
"Ƕ˵ˣ˵ͷ͵Ķ̧ˡ"
ɼ״Ҳ׷׳ȡЦӣǵﶼǴ⣬ƽҲĿЦ
ǵô
ε㶵ؿǰһϼ١
Ȼ֪Ƿ޹ϵ뵽һ̫̫һ£Ǿûڡ
ȡЦӺᣬģҲѩӰзСģѩӰ̬ȣҲܳһɣڻ˺ӡ
㲻ϰ룿
ҲԣҪҲѩӰĸҲ㲻ϡ
εԼǲӦ𽵹磬ӣ뵽;ò˼飬ûǻûӹҪô
˼ţߴһ
"үԿˡ"
""εعѩӰѾվˣ˶λϿ
"ǴҶ԰ɡҪ̫ƽڻô"εЦЦЩµٷҪԵսս
һ˿׷вˡѩӰһˣһָУæǺòֺ
"ˣүʱôô߲ˮ"һµӳʵ
"Щƽϵİ͵ġ"εӣ˿ڲ裬±Ӳ˵
ϣԼΧ˸ˮйͨǷ׷װԼĶͣһļﻹдʣֻ˶ӣ˵ʲôҿΧŵ˵ЩǱҲʶεҵӰ
"үĺܵİ"ʱµӣ塣
ǵѩӰ˵ķɸԼƫɫ˵ӦѩӰ塣
"ǰܶնүء"ϸ˵ڻеİϡ
"㶼֪ѩжôү᳤˯أǰ̾ġ"һµ˵
"˵ءѩû㵣ģ㻹ÿ켱˵ôôá"һϮµЩ˵
һһ
ֻиȴһ˼ؿųε
εǰһڵĳӿһ־ΥܰС
΢΢̾ε뵽ϻиʲôᣬüͷתͷԵѩӰʵ
"ţϵǸô£"
Щ󳼹ŹֵЦݣֲֲ˵ʲô
"Ǻǣֻһ""ѣүȥû"
"ܲܲȥҶԻݲûʲôȤ"εüЩԸܾԼڱš
"ֻһļ磬үȥ޷ⲻһĻݲݣүȥ˾֪ˡ"ѩӰЦе˵
"źȥɡ"εһһֱĬ磬
Щ֣ٷԵڻû˵ء
"ҡ"类Ƶ͵̧ͷһɤǹ
"飬үȥɡ"ѸٵشĻ˵껹͵͵سգգ۾
"үȷ鲻үˡ"ĻЩɬҲֻĬĬغžơ
"ţǲôģôɫôѿ"εЩɻԵѩӰ
ǲﲻѩӰ˵ЩۣҲΪϾ˵˲㡣
"Ҳ֪"ѩӰЩ̾˵
ε"Ŷ"һ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôɨˣʵ
"ˣ˭Ṧã书ߡ"
"곤Ǽ꣬书˵ãǰȴȣү·Ը嶨С"췴ӦѸվĿתųε˵
û뵽徹ȻһۿԿԼ뷨̳εЩȣǸ͡
˵峺ᶨֹ̬Ҳ󷽣ӦŵĹ
"ȷм£ϣ鷳ܰһˡʲô¡ͷѩӰ㡣"εҲȥѩӰı飬²Ӧ֪ԼҪʲô
"˵鷳ΪүҵҲǡ"ǹػص
"Ǻǣ»ͦ鷳ġΣллˡ"εºһЦ
΢Цͷ¡
еıӣεתͷѩӰ˵
"ţϵʲôҪرעĵط"
"رĵطûУүҪرһˡ"ѩӰЩ˵
"Ŷʲôˣ"ʲô˻ѩӰõ⸱ǡ
"ȱ"
֮ϣٹٴŸҴĻ֦չĹӽĵȴŽǡ
λλῴǰľĵһЦ
εൽһУ˶ſڣ󳼹ԼȻڳԼŵƵ̤ſԼ
εһɫеҫ۵⣬ֵҹԵøء
εһžͱһ֬ζѬǰĻ̵ӰӣÿӶĿ⿴Щʱ¼ӿ첽ߵǰ
΢μӻϡ
ƽЦе˵
ϵصΪ׼ģ뾡áˣٹٶԼҵĹӣ˵ҪݲΪأ۸ˡ
лλ̧εվܵĸ󳼣Ҿ
ˣɡŭԿʼˡתԵŭԸ
ŭῪʼҴ󳼱׷״ԼҵĹԼλϡ
ελ룬ֱŵǴѧʿ衣
ܾЩŹ֣ȴ˵
漴ҲȲô࣬ϾŸտʼϵľƱѾʢ˾ˮٱϸţһ㣬һ£ﲻɵһ̾
Ǻþơ
ѩţʲôƣûһľζ˱ǣڸ𣬿ڳ㡣εѩӰʵ
ѩӰһȴǿԼ
İպ죬Īǹ̫ãҲˣ˵Ǻ衣
Ȼ˵ʱһЦݣڳεȴЦݱ塣
ԭҵľưѹϤε΢ǣ˵Ƶĳ
һ㶣εչȻǸˡ
εûŹϵı飬ЦŶûСԿ䣬ȼǾԲġֻͻȻ̽ѵǱʲôˣ
˼ţ˼ȴһϡ
ֻ룬һɫѾá
ε࣬ĿʼˣǻȿĿɡ赭һЦ˵
εҲ΢Цͷ
˵ˣǳε˼ȴȫǽĿϣ߲źۼشܣﲻɵЩ졣
֮ǰŮΪֻͣϡǽǼʶеĺ塣
Աٵ֮ϵĻʵۣŮӡ
ҴٷܿĵҲŮӣӶɴ棬˳ӵվԼŮ
һ̾뵽ԼΪάŮȨ˼ǧŮƽȣȴȫߵ
Բ֪Ǹǻ
עֱȥֻصõϣЩȫУҲ֪ĺòãǳҲö
һˣ˹˽кҲһĲΪȻ
ãε̧һۣ˳ȥ
εһ񺮣Ѿƶȥˡ
ԽԽᵽ׺ˡ
ڳε˼֮ʱһĿѾʼˣµӣһ˵һ轣ٽϵǱһζ
Ŀǵپ轣Ҫ裬ʫԣϧȫ
εЩȻζڵ
ţʲôʱԽ˵ͻҿһ껨û
үȱ𼱣ʱ򡣡ؼǸ˻ûء
νͻָľôδ޵ӣ㿴ǲǸ˱ȻôѩӰ˵ı溬塣
ԭǱ簡ѹӸղž;ЩӿЩѰҪһ
һ룬ȱȱֻźȾƣûٿеıݡ
ȴһϵ˵˵ҵĴҲ衣
ң˵Ŀ𣿡ڶ˵
ǰǰ˵𳤵Ŀɫ㰡˵
˵òΣвмԵڻԹУղŵĵһٴ˵
ôҲǸ˰ˣﲻŮǲֵģһ˵
ŴԼǰ˸͡
εȻԹ˵غžƣǴ˵ĻҲϸţһ䶼û¡
𣿸أδ˵ٵĴԣóεҲѩӰ˵ľϡ˵ˣûκڳΪ٣ᣬ˵Ǽ磬˴Ǹ߹ҪְҲһ̼ȴҲܳʹ
һ룬ҲӣúҪҾж
ʱ
ֻһүݵӵһŮӳ
һվεҲվ˺ү
ǵϵ׽үֻŨüۣݣŷǷ
ݹЦԣλؾ࣬
ϯǺһѣῪڵϣµ飬ˣˡȻô˵ϵıȴȫô¡
ֻ΢Цͷ˵Щ½ĻȻתԸ̴ǿʼʳ
εԴ⾰ԹԵǳá
ǲףŵʵ۾Ȼ治ɫһϰΪı顣
е΢ǲΪ˵ˡ
үǴ³ľȱԱߴµǳŮ죬һϮµӦþˡѩӰ˵
𣿳εǰӣֻҲԼ߶ϣһ㶣ȴǲ㲻
εǣһЦȻصһۡ
̳εЩȺȤȵȻҵȤһһŤŤ
£Ůӵͷ˵ʲô̧ͷֱӿεһЦ
ЦݾȻгεһǸЦ˵ζ
뿪ѯѩӰȴŭͻȻ˵
ҳΪϡүү͸λһŭĻƽһףܰ˱㿪ʼͷӶһƬ֮Ե˵û뵽³
ʲôεԵؿǰӰȴѾ
ĴѰңȴд󳼶תͷشÿƺԴ
εں֮ʱͻȻһ˿
δˣȴ

 30 

һ˿֮УӣΪСжӷֱԵĴϯĿյأٺϳһУһйˣͳһΣֻǵأһϮ£ɴ棬ֻһ˫۾ǰ漸һΧһȦǰȦм䡣
˼Ⱥ˳ֺ󣬶۾мϡ
Ϊ
ǰȶǰţܵΧ裬˿֮֮ͦһϸĹĵ㣬һģͿ㾪һ֮һԾʼת
ʱǰһʵӰٲ㴹µĺڷÿһתһĻȣǰһʯĽ𻷣ֱָ֬˸̾˵Ĺ񹤡
˴ѵĲ֣Ӧɴʱ¶գÿһҪøϸЩȴѾ߲ڱɴ֮¡˫ʱ΢ţʱϣ͸һ˵ݵġ
ӦǽģȻһְȻĸо˲Ծдգ̧ʱھ䣬ͻʱ᳦ת
óε̾ĲֹˣɢĹ¼Į˫봹·һж޹أⷲ׳մȾֺ
ͻȻ꿴һۣһ۾Ȼóεؿڷۡ
ƽһˮ˪纮÷
εһЦЦģΪ˺ԼһȴҲȫͬһˡ
ĵ㽥䣬赸ͣ輧ʼʱΧȻַֿҲΪлĻ迪ʼת
ת֮дĶ˶һⷲ䡣
˿ͻȻһ񡱵һ
ֻתӰͻȻˤڵأڵϹ˼û
е輧Ҳŵ˶վǡ
˱龰Ŀɿڴʱѻȸ֮˴ͷЦҲôЦ
Ӵ貽ûպãʲô谡
ǣ³˰ɡ
Ϊжء
ѽǿԭòΰ㿴ʲô
Ǻߣİ
ѹֵڻû޳ȥ

˵ĳЦñͻҵЩ޴룬վȴֽ׺ۣӦǸձ˰ʱ˵ġϵʹֻذڵϡ
ͻȻܵһߣ̧ͷȥԼĸ׺һݺݵصԼȴ¶̣һ£ͻȻ뵽ʲôԼӣŷԭɴˤʱѾء
ʱҰһѿصͷôȵһ̣ȴ䵽³ڸûȥһۣΪ¿еıĺͳЦ
εӿһɲ̣Ǹȴߣľ侮ʯˡ
үſǹǱ˹ġѩӰҲЩ̵˵Ͼһڶ࣬⴫ȥҪ޻˼Ҽǲˡ
ϧˡѩӰЩ̾
ѩӰĻóεһģ·ǶǰճԼһĮαװĮǼį¡
ܵĳЦ˷εûļ룬߳λã˵һ󾪺УǸӰ
㻹𣿡һϿմ̧ȥεա΢üǻȴԵĵǡƽ˵طȥǴʱ˾ֻѿ
ˣûӦͷԼĽԼСӿһ⣬û뵽ԼĶȴǣ˽ſڵ˴۵
𶯣㿴Ľ׶Ѿˡ˵žͰЬӦûЩû뵽Ķȴ˶˳
үԡѩӰŸճȴѾˡ
㡢֡æԼĽŴϰγȴȻԼЬӡȻ
찡үȻЬӡ
ô
˵ľڳεЩĪֻЬôôС
ĽųƯεԵ̾
е㣬µñīݣСɶ׾Լע£㾹ȻҲ˺죬ֱ̾ϵ۶ĺ񰮡
֡ҪϲԼδ˿ϲȻôǰԼ
ΪʲôྐྵȻһ˹顣
ǣƾʲôõү
ǳ˶֡
˵ѿرȻԼûдűɳڸĲܼˡ
εЩŭЩһ˹֣һˣҲ̫˰ɡ
𳤲ѿӯƤ𪡣
εϸȴס°ͣǿаתԼ
ȴǰͻݺײķ
ȴաֻǡ
Ƕͷ۽ǵĵߵȷƻС
εЩ̾Թź;ⶡ
ȴԼһʪ⡣
ֻᣬһ
ҪҺܳ󡣡ѵ˵⼸֣Щѹصͷ
˭˵ģˡε˵
ĻЩŵؿ
⻰Ҳɡ
ǰɣྐྵȻ˵
ҳıÿˡ
ôĵһˡ
˵ĻóεЩᣬһȻͻȻֳһ⡣
תվڵԵС˵
ҰŵӹаֽȾ֬ȫ
Ӻܿε˵ϡ
߻صԼԭȵλãƱ
ٴС̴нӹʣþˮʪմȾϣһƬɻ
ְǰ𵽶ǰ۽ǵĺ߱¶ڿ֮¡
ʱȻǶεĪΡ˺Լ
۾ϡε˵
ԣŽëɻȴԱ˫
ͻȻой⣬иʪĶԼߣʱġ
ۣǰŴεЩĮףһӿͷְ۾ϡ
ЩܵܿǶεյ𶯣ŵҲٶ
ιָо١Χȫ˳Ǹоͬ
۾ˡ
˫ǰһЦ⣬Щ
תˣҲǴЩŵı顣
ٿĸ׺ͽ㣬ǵҲžȺϲ
ҵôˣתأǰˣЩسʵ
㿴Ӿ֪ˡ˵ųεͰ׼õľǰһݡ
ȴܵر۾üȺڴ
˶ٴ۾ȴ˾ˡ

ֻˣˮīĳбˮһ÷Ȼ۽ǣϣ÷һ·˶ͷԭĵεյı±˶ŵĺ÷ԭЩӶʱұѹ˻˾ȣΪǰò˵ǵߵȻ˼ľɫ
ֻһ۱ɽ˿ˡ
ʣȻԻΪ档ᷢԵĸ̾ǰ˾ɫˣһձ仯Ƽǽ˲š
ޣЩֻǵСѡεǫ˵ЩҲȷûʲôõģִĻױɿɱҪĶࡣǰ˵תƵط֮ЧôãҲΪľͺá
֮˾̾
û뵽쾹ȻԵüΰҡ
Ų׼Ӱ硣
䣬εȴһ飬Թۣ˵޹һ
װߣǾȷûʲôֵúø˵ģͬһȴ˶Ƿǳֻ֪òȡˣ˳ʲôϲĵط
ţȴȻоһǿҵĿ̧ȥϵζĿ⣬ĿԼǱ˶
ĸĪ⣬εֻǽϾĻ޾˵۹⡣
չЦųε˾еľƱһ¡
ͻЦݣóεЩȻǿûʲô˼ҲֻõͷЦ
ת߻صߣľǡ
ôʵ
ǣֻû뵽û뵽ԼҲô
ﲻ˪ǸһĪ
ĵû߼еһۣӶʱʧȥ֧㣬̱Ϊֻ࣬û뵽Լȴһůš
̧ȥεգɵñ֡
˵ҲãҲãֻ֪һֿܾûᡣ
㡪εЩ⣬ٰϵģκץԼ·ǽ˲á
ûǿӲƿǿ˵ȫϣҲѿ
ȴҲһֱɣžһ˶һ顣
εһ̧˫ţԼǰᱧ˵Ĵ߻Լλá

 31 

ѩӰˣҪǰæǿεʾ⣬˿
εȰ£Լ¡κرԼ鼱֮£Ҳֻܼװ£˳ϡ
ǵĶߵİĻС
Ӧ֪һôû˼ֻǲѿεͷ»еˣһƽ˵
ҡЩȻһ֮ûģֻԭЩȻˡ
㡭ˣǼĿɡεһֹӣ뻹գϾԼϵġ
˳ӵشŰתߣһԹ޺ͼʵؿԼɵһЦ
Ӳ˶ԼĿѾõҪģЩȴЩ˿ȴɼģ͹ˡ
뵽⣬˫ֲظ뵽ƽªԼ»ұ״
εչȻ紫Űв飬ǺεȵˣȻԺ޸ҵĻ
աҡԽô̧СЩҲЩڴʵ
㡣ε˵ҲģνôƺҲϰ߱һһүؽ
գա֣ʱһϲϲӿͷ˲
տɻϲҸղŵ赸
һǡε⻰ȫԷθǵøղı顣ԼҲһĪ
ϲԺֻΪһ˶衣żᶨϧεû
ǲϧˡεڴûеͷֻԹԵĺȾơɨϵˣЩǵķӦΪʲôܴӡ
ôϧǽǺεҡ
Ҳû˵ֻ˫§ͷļ羱ſԶõЩ顣
εЩת䣬ϾոʱȻھȻһֻ˳Сè治ġ
գ԰ҰЬûô̧ͷ΢˵
Ьӣε뵽ֻš
Ŷ׳ˣǲҪȽϺðɡ
գ㡭һ䣬ɫЩѿ
ѵոֻϷŪԼô
ʲôˣҪҽ˸þˡεЩ㲻ˣŶ׳˻ҪЬ֪ôġ
ţ˰ЬûɡתͷѩӰԸ
үȷҪôôѩӰЩٻ˵
ôʲôôεЩʣΪʲôÿ˵ɫͱ鶼ôȡ
û⡣Ҳˡ
ѩӰЩεתС̣齻ǣС̵ıҲЩȣǺָܿ飬ȥ
ЬӺܿ챻εԼЬȴֻе˫ֽػסЩűڴƺ¡
ЩƣЬӶѣôӦô
ӣԼЬˡ
̾˿ҲνϾƣԼȷȽ˳֡
أȰ廨ЬĶĽָһЬĺŸȫ˽ȥ
ЬӴ꣬һƬȻ
εһ̧ͷͿе˶ɴ۾ľؿܿϵĹԱСȫ
û뵽ǵεྐྵǸϧ˰
һЦ֮

ε̧ۿĥǻ˼ǡûļϸ룬ͿչЦԼ˾еľƱε̧̧Ʊһ¡
˱еľƱͷȥߵ˶ʲô
εٿԼߵѩӰΪθղ˵ķӦôҡ
ûļڣ
ϣЩʤиˣ֪ɷ񡣡
˵ѯʵ˶Ƶĳ⻰ǿӲơ
ôȵɡҲˣϢλ绹£Լ˵꣬ŭͬ뿪˴
ʵһߣûµĵҲ׷뿪˴
ʱֻʣǵļˡ
εһֱϯɢΪ֪«ﵽײصʲôҩ
ֻԱһһ󣬱ʾֻ߳ǰζĿһۡ
գ﻽ˣҡˡ˵վ˼ۣĵ߻ȱߣȱһҲ߳˴
εǼ˱ӰЩƣѵԼˣ
漴Ҳ˿ϾຣˣԻȥúϢһˡ
Ҳվչ֫ٵͷ±·
ȻѩӰ뿪ߵڣȴһλСסεҼү̸
ε̧̧üë̸ƣˮͣٿԵѩӰûʲôرıʾҲλСȥˡ
ƹȣһ᷿ǰͣ£Сƿ˷ţε롣
ݵ߽ӣ𱳶Զƺ֪ˣȻתЦ˵ѾȬЩʱֻ̽һֱ鲻գҵĽһշǲ꣬ʤ갡
εЩ⣬ôһϵܺõӣ«ĵʲôҩ
⣬ֻǶټЩдˡˣ׼˷Ա⣬ջϲ˵ЦֻЦȴóεζ
᷿棬ƼͿԿˡ˵ţ￴˼ۣһĨŹֵЦݡ
ѩӰҲЩûˣߣǳȥɾɡտ˵ž߳ţ˳ֻѩӰ˳ȥ
εûļ˵ʲôžͱˣһʱЩ
ʲô
ҲЩ᷿ãһɨϣϣϣûУε룬𳪵ĵĳ
ٿһۣȷʵûУҲգߡȴһ죬һ
ʲô

 32 

ڳεɻʱִײ
ԭѾĲЩɵظı䷽ȥ
磬һ󵭵˱Ƕ
δ֪ζóεЩ٣ʱӿһĸо
Īļ£ʹΧʣֱˡŲŻͣ¡
սʱڵƣ֪ΪΣԭĵƹȴץסƹ˳˿аĳ£Ǵǹ⡣
˽յգ

εһô£
գôŵ⣬ںڵﵹӳһЩȻӡ
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ô⣿˵ڣεͰԼⲻŵô
Ӧþ˵ɡ
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˫ֱؿǰˣһЦ
ЦóεԼͷˣˣˡ
գҵ۾
ʲô۾εʶĻȥȴԼһƬ֮УȻʰ쵡
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ϸһԷɫΣǰƵĻζţ˳εȫߣҪƷǷۺ졣鲻Խ죬ͷǵɫλȦȦ
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ϵҲղǰĽģѾĮ档
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ȱʱǲüΪ˿ɱǸءеô¹ȫҫڴǰӰϣ谵Ĺ£һĨЦݡ

 33 

ᣬ˵εյһôأŲ裬˼վǰˡ
Ҳ͸ǿԿ϶ڻΪС
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˵⻰Ѿκα飬һɲӡ
үľٶү㣿
ڤһᣬ˵
вҲȶǲεյ֣ΪնΪһһɨϰ
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ϰαװκ˶з˺ڱǰʾ֮հٱ㲻ŹЩ۸ˡºȴֻԼˡȴìܵġҾ۾ѹȴҲΪкá
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εֻ̾ĳ޷˵ڵԭ
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ͬʱԭڴϵ˶ȴ۾ǺЦֻЦȴ֮ǰ˵Ĳͬ

 34 

ڴϵ磬ԾάǸơ붯˵˼Ѩá
ǵñǶڷƾƣΪϴ˿е֪ϵͻĿģЩƺѹƸϳֻǺźžʧȥʶʱѾԼүĴϡ
֪һ˭ģΪʲôҪôʱ忪Ѩȴֽû취ù
ֻܾ⣬Ϊ
ڵȴүطЩʱǼڴֺ¡֪ԼڴʲôȴܺүΪ֪ܵڹ
û뵽ĵĺͺ¶ˡ
ոĻһţȴֻܿߵ˦ȥ
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뵽⣬ողŸɺԵۿʪˡ
ոһ
Ժ϶Լˡ
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᲻Ͱϳȥˣ

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ӽ˾үʿں£ǵʹҪȫʧ

 35 

ҹ
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ĵһ죬ΪԼ³ԼϴͷҲϽֳȥ棬Щ붼顣
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ԼԽԽϲϲЩ֪룬ÿĵһҪòܻŷԼѾ
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ĳŵĵؿЦЦ˿ޡ
ԺȥҶ㣬ҪʲôҶ㣬ôҶ㡣ǲܵˡ
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ӣһ춼ûʳˣҲóԵ㰡
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ӣҪǲԣūҲͲǿˡ⣬ͷ˶ٳԵɡþĴϲ֮գɵñغԼĪнٵˡµǵĿһۣŷϣҡͷ˳ȥ
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ԼˣһܵġһƴվĵԼܻȥ
뵽⣬޵Ĳѡ
ˣƢܵӦûúõĺһ𣬶һվǸʲôĴ֮յ
ȥ֡
ͻȻĸ֣Сһ㶣ϲѡ
Ҫȥʱȥ磬Ҳԡ
˾æȥߣ꿪ʼ̻ʣΪܴС
ңⱲҷǾޡ
Сһɼᶨдķ¿˳Ծѡ
ǰ󲻹һյʱ䣬ô˸һ
°˼⣬ۡ
Ա󣬱װ˯ޡ
ֱҹûж⼸ͷ¶ĺܽҪȥҲֻܳðҹˡ
ʰõϸ򿪴͵͵Ǳ˳ȥ֪Ķ밵˵
ϸһ·ṦֿڣûļϲһᣬܶϸĽŲвãﻹļ
ԭڰͻȻͨ
źΧסǸİ֪
´Ⱥ߳һࡣ
ӣ»ȥ
򴽲
ֻҪ֣ͿȥˣҪȥ
ۣ۶һת漴ڳίԹݣسŷµ
ֻҶѹҹǰƾǶˣԣҲء
ǶĲܾãҪȥұһǱ
̾ȥ죬ӵôƭô
֪ӱɣʵ龫֣Լĵźʧһ¡У˵ЩᣬҲֻӲĳˡ
ӣȺ»ȥɡƾǶˣտ
ͼˣô
һĨŭٿԽһתְסӺ
£͵ûҲͺƾԼȥġ
ӵ˼ū˵ƣ֮½֪ӺūȥūҲ˵֡µصִҪӣͱūðˡ
ҧ´˫ڿʼðˡ
¼Ƶķţūȥҽ˵飬ɻ
һϲ뿪ڣɷ¼ʱ׷һ䡣
ֻڸ
ĲУȴֲ÷ֻܼ̣ҪҪ죬ͱΪˣòã
ΪūºѾʹ˸ɫԵİͻȻж
ûӦѾץסˡ
ƴ޹ŷ£ĵץסһΣһӵڶΣ˭ֹң
书˭ԡ
㡪İ
ӺοԣֻʹΪѡΪ㵣ǵʳѰġ
ͻȻĵǣ᲻֪ĺȥߡ
ū֪Ҫȥʲô˻Ҫȥʲôˣūֻһ飬㵱մǼ·Ѫ̶Ǹ˻Ѿˡ
˵ɫˢĲҰףĴСʱΣԽԽ
ūֻƾֱ˵ǸôѪ㲻ҲȻԡ
ģġһߴһͻȻֻԵİѶ˵ȥֻ֪ͻȻزѡ
³ĬĿʵԭû֡ȥ»ǻ֪
Ե»аǰۺڲ׵֣ǵǣ˭һеز
ҡͷ˴أŵȻҪҸõ˵۾С

 36 

εԼ˯ĺܳ˯˺ܾãΪһܳΣʮ˸µ˽⡣硪Ǹһɬкɡ
֪Ǻ⣬ӦεյİšϣԴɹˡ
Ѿ֮ǰǰ䡣εյĺãԼ￴УӡõЩˡ
үʲôأôڶƲġ˵ǴһϮŽݵŮӡ
Ļ˶ͣе飬ĿⶼпϷ˰İŮӡ
ûʲôֻǴðġһ߾ͶĨӰӰӣЩӦ
ū澺䡢ȾźİүİˡĺƲƲ˵ί
ôʹԭҷˣεﲢδˡǣ벻ôҲǵӡ
ֻдǣ˶ǺѩܼҵɵүߵģҺʹ̣үӣͶȾ̣ȫ
ĺɵĻóεתĨӰ
̣
һµûֻ书ӣӺͶׯʵ˾ǸС㡣
վԱߵĶȾôɱֵĸоһϮ¾װ̴ųЦĮףи˴ѹȸС
ѵ⼸Ҫ˺ܶô
үģͶȾڣ֡ǳºͣ͸Źţ˲˵ĳҲĵ
ԱߵĶȾҲ΢ĵͷ
εҲ΢ͷʾԼ֪ˡ漴ͻȻ㣬ֳ˵
ˣôһҺġ˯ʱˣҲ֪˭Ұϲһ紵ĵΡ˯ȫޣؾˡ
ū澾Ȼ£үϲ峿ҵ̧ƸʽƸСһžÿ˴һӣֺƸǶฮڲˡң־үǸԼѡź°
ȵȵȵȡ˵ʲô߰ģôԽԽ֡Ƹ˭Ƹ
ǸүµȻ¶֪ڴϵٹٵү飬õǻǹ͢¡صһַʽ
ʲôôԽ˵ԽͿʲôʱˡεĺ˵Ī飿ʲôʱ飬ô֪
첻ڴ֮ϵȥЬӣ˵үţҲ֪˵˵ʲôȻӦΪЬӣͷ¡
˵һΡɡЬӾ飿ʲôϰװ
үһ˾ȫˣ⻹ء
εɫһ˵Ҳͳ˼֡
үôˡѩܼҽһͳȥˡ˵ҪùܻĺɱŵЩȻ
εǿѹľ뷳꣬סԼüͷ˵
һ̫ˣϰףҶ⣬ֻǳһʱģû뵽㡣ĺɣܲա
⡪û취үԼģҪ˻ⲻԴôӲҪٻ飬Ǳҵӣү;ֻаٺһϾڳеܹ㣬ǣڳн粽СĺѸٵؽеϵ͸
ĺɵĻóεüͷĸˡ
Щô֪ġһŮô֪ô࣬ҷͷͷǵⷬ˵׼ˣֻʳһ
ѩܼҽǰ˵ģ˵һ׼ʵĺɲŲæػص
ԭѩӰһ֪
֪ʱ˵ķӦΪ˼ˣѹֵʱȥЬӵʱô㵡
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֪᲻߹ȥ
ǻİɡ
ֻǡԲɽⷬ档
µӶûУ
⻹ûУС˵ѡӵҪүſԡ
µŻ˵ɡεﲻɵ˿
ûȻΪˡ
ȻûǾţϵȥ죬̯εգϾҪΪԼҲ顣
ţε΢תЩ
ʲôʱԽεʵ
ˣүû׼ϳˡ
д·ɡεЩ̾
ǰԳĹһӲʱҸģ뻹ڡżˡ
ٹٵطվڴԣ϶ɫء
Ű˼ףǿж࣬й¶֮¾ѹųȥ⡪ذ㿴ڳʱɻļü˵
ػϣٳⲢ£ֻصޡĹٵĶվЩص˵
Ҳˣֻڲ֪ĸϳ©й¶λ俴н֮˵߿µĸˡ
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̾˿˳ε
εվĹеλȻܵͶߡ
ֻܵԼûˡȻЩͷȫǰαѧ֪ʶþ»ʷҡ
û뵽⿼Ա׶Թ֮ǸÿԸ߿׽ϴ򣬵ַ׼ȴҲ죬Ƿ
ʵ鲢Ψһĳ·ɹ;кܶ֡һֱӦԽµѧܿɱǧľţֻΪһԲѧΡǴѧѧмأ
ܶ˲Ϊѧϰ֪ʶŶģԽôѧȻҵȥҸùΪĿġԺܶ˶󶼳˿ԵĻ˻ῼᣬܶ಩ʿԼء
Ȼô˵ǡ
ǸƷΩжߵʱЩִҲֻ˵˵ο⽨ʱ
ϾԼҲӦԽµܺ߰
֪ε
ĻóεԼλع
Ƕ㲻ˡ
εЦٶסԼǰվһҾ󣬿˵
Ҫ׶ž֮磬ѶȽ̴󡣶й¶ϢѾֶߣ϶Ӱ죬ԳΪӦȶԿ԰⶯ҡǶԳ͢Ρй¶һ£һ飬ȻαǿЧضֹ׵ķ
ε˵ʲô飿
ҪϽаѹأɶ˽Уһ˸һ⣬ÿֻ֪Լǲ֣ⶼٱܡڶʱ⡣ѧֳ𡣾Ժٷй¶֮£Ҳȫй¶ٳ˲ǳٵˡ
ԿٵģΪž֮磬һƣԿġǾǡơε˵⣬ЩţԹ򶨣ɵ˵
Ϊƣ᲻ʵ
ǵԾ󣬰ѿϵܷ֮ٽר˸ѿԾ¼Ծʱּ֪Ҳ޴ӱϡֻ취൱ʱ
ЩѾʱھ뵽ġ˵ǰԥϾεĿƾٷϣԼΪŴʷչӰ졣
ĻȴҪڳ˵ϵΪ֮һ䣬˾̾˲⵱ȻҲ˳Ͼ˷һö϶˵Ĳ·ϲ˿ʼΪ˽
Ϊ佨áȿԶžй¶⣬ֿԶֹ֮硣˷νһáֻǲ֪飬ǷߣЦеضŵµԱ˵
ǿǶزҲ֪Ǹ˵õĽˡ
ڰû飬ô¾ȫȨɹദЩε˵ôˣȴûָЩˣǿһ»ңԶ
Ӣ顱˷׷˵
ˣ쳯͵ɡε⣬λ䶼°ɡ
лϣꡣɢ˳ȥ
ֻʣ³εһ˴ڳϡ
Ÿòֻϴһɣ
˶ߺ󣬱㼱æ뿪λãĨ׵Ӱ
գա
ҿڣ޾ָ֪ǰϼһءڡ
Ȼ
εϴεľ飬ҲԼҲֻܵʹȻɡ
ֻǡ
ϣȷſ΢ɣȻýεЩȻôҲ֪ŮǲǶôô
ҲԹԵطſֻ۴Ứس
صûҪ˵ôֻΪ˱޲Žµİɡ
Сᱻһ˵ʲôæᣬתԵһС
ѩ
ĽлС߳һѩ׵Ӱ

 37 

"ѩ"
ĽлС߳һѩ׵Ӱ
εҲתͷȥ,ֻһֻƿ,߽һŮֻŮһϮɴİ,ԼĪʮһ,һͷڷ֮,ȫѩס
"̡"ССӰһ۳εѸٱỳ
"ѩԡ"ȰĿŻŮ
"ѩλĽεࡣ"
Ů⻰Ļ̧СЩؿųε
εҲ㲻ϣЩԾ
Ů,ֻǼһѪɫ,ԵЩ԰ס
"ϣλСǣ"ʵεѾ³˸ţϾΪ̣϶ֶŮŮݣֻǾͲ֪λүŮˡ
"գ޴ŮֻСĸ˫޼¿ͽӽߡ"˵ڲס⺢ӵϧ
εһ㶣ȴûнӻֻǵͷǸѩĺӡ
ѩҲĿתؿ
"ϣѩʦѩСʴӱʫ飬յָ㣬һԴΪ"
"л϶䣬ֻǳţ²ʤΡ"ε⻰˵İ٣ϾʷĲôá
ֻĻǶ˿ȴ֮ʡ
"ε࣬Ϊѩ䡣"ѩͯ
ε˫ɾӣﲻɵ̾
"ǳ䡣"
"պαǫ˭˲֪ղŻ硢ѧ峵ѩݵ--"
"̣ˡѩǿ"
"̣ѩлطˣͲˡ"˵ӯӯ˸񣬾תʱСȥ
εԭڴСįȴǹ£Щܣ˵
"ѩС㣬"
ε࣬ɻ£ѩͣ½Ųתʵ
гһգѩС񣬳ԸڡεֻΪ˸ղĨʧ顣дҲǼˣεӦòŵ˸ѧɡ
ãѩڴлʦѩᶨһʦȻĹ磬ȴҲľġ
εЦЦСŮĻװϧˡ
ѩһߣֻʣᡣ
ջߣתͷųεͻȻʲô㣬һΪѡ
գҳӵĻ¡

һĨݵӰڴǰɴȻڸס˵գȴҲԵΨһ¶˫ǿҡ
"ˣ˵Ȼġ"
"ô⣿"üͷЩĮ˵
"ôֻ͵Ȳ裿"ЩȤ˵
Ǳ˵°㣬ЩȻ
"ε˰ɣȻҲᡪ˵ⲻɵͣ٣΢̾üͷ˵
ֻ֪ү֪ܲ㲻Ҫˡ"үһûʣջεգ֪֪Σա
"޹ء"Щõؿ
"ô޹أΨһĵܵܰ"һݡ
ѩʲô
Цضһ"һȥ"תȥ
ȴס䣬ŵȻꡣ
ԼӣǲáعͷݺݵȴĨȻסȴ˶
"С𣬽һֱ뱣㣬Ҫ˵㲻ˣͰƵе£˵ҪεգҲĸף˵ֻεһˣһȥฮƸ֪ң֪ԽҲһֱŬϣԾһ棬õѾõɡεˣΪʲôνһ㡣"
ĻĴ΢΢һ˵ʲôվûпڡ
ֻ¶İԼͷһȣǳǳľҲԼͷ⡣
"ҡ"촽
"ˣȻȥɡÿĸɵġ"ŵ䣬Щε
ʲôҲû˵ķȥ
ȥӰǷɬ
һĶԹǽ֮һֱ粻ȥĺ蹵һֱֲȴûлᡣйεյ飬ŻԼڡ
̾ת򴰱ߣŽĨϤӰﱶΡ
С𣬵Ҫôſԭң
ǲֻҪ޸εͿٺһ㣿
컺ۣſԭѱ

 38 

εһظͿ﷿ﵽ˶ͨ϶˶߽鷿ͷ󺹵Ĵڰϰ£سʵ
磬ôôණ
үæӶѻɽƷܳ
εһ顢ֻ١·ΡһУװˣ觡ȵʶ鱦
ôණЩ˭͵İ
үЩ󲿷ӵļױЩǳһЩĺ񡣶ɲֹЩأмѾ̧ȥⷿˡֻ̧ĺɣæűӦ
ɡεЩզ࣬ҵ׶Ǯ
ү֪һͶ˾ﲻصţҵļױ⣬лϺͼλү͹ĺ񣬻һЩǴ󳼵ġ
ˣˣȱ˵ˣϢ¡ôණƵҪһʱʰˡεĺҲæͨ죬ЦתͷʾȥϢ
ĺɣˣеǼڲ᣿
үĻҲǶ˼¼ġ˵ͰһСӵݸ˳ε
ô֪˸Ǹ񰡣
Ҳֻǲµġ
ֻû뵽ô࣡
εɨһǱϼصĶݣͷ̾ⲻ֪ǴӶٰѹ֬డ
ǵȻǵðѻϴ͵ĺͼλү͵ģԼԱ͵ķֱšҵЩĿһٵظ˻ȥεϲӣӵֻ鱦УѾ˴㡣
ǡȻΪʲôǿεɫЩأʶûпʣһӦ
أ춼ûǶ˵Ӱ
ѩܼҸǶȥ鷿ˡԵĴӦ
Żˣ˵ܻ
ǴүʲôϢѩܼҼæȻˡĺɻղѩӰظʱżر飬Ծü˵
ô¹ȻʱͰϢˡ
ˣǶϢᣬٽһѵطʰˣȥ鷿šεվǰɨһӶѻɽĶ̾
ӵ񰡡

˵Ķģġġû£קǰĺˣſִŵŵĿǣʵ
ǣͶѾˣ֪үɲȷſĳ御ԼȥĲͷ˵ġڽʧС
СĲһĥˡ
ûˡûˡˡȻᶪһˡſ䣬˵ԼģԼ֪Լ˵ʲôһֱ
˵ЩɶģͻȻסߵ壬ϲʡ
ġԼ⻰ѾҧгݵشĳģҪʼΰ
ءô׸ʲôĵβ԰ء
峹ˡôô˵Сʱˣһǲģʥ˶ᷢġ
үĳҪʹ˸ǡ˵꣬ùˡֻûļͷԼֱסˡ
үɻ£ֱ̾û갡
û˵ʲôʱҡһ˵һ߲ᡣ
ү˵ֻҪͷ鴦ͻϹʵүû˵⻰Ϊ˲Сȥ˸Сѡ
ģ̧Сǲȷʵ
ģˡ룬صص˸ͷ⻰Ĳˡ
ΪԼһͷϲͿĲѵСͻȻʵСɰġֻûôĥ˵Ļ
Ҵ仰
Ц˵ȻʾѶ俿
Ȼɻ󣬵ֻĻ㵡
ɡ
үôˣ
ɨĵأҿҵģҪҡ
ԭֻǺѯʵˣһ⻰Ҳֻʶ߿
ء󱿵˹ҲĻʲô˿ֲϲ˿ϣءô㣬Ϊ㶼дЩҵĻءһ߿һ߶еһ
ǸոǸ˸ģ˵ǱԼġ
ڴģΪЩ֮ģ֪һʧ
ϻ˿ϣῴ˿ϣҲ˿ϡĵһٿûиһ
϶Ǹ˸ˣû»ô˿ϸҸһǸеǱˡüԹԵ˵
Լүڷӣúܶ·˿ʵͷԣֲǰȥʣֻȥ֪ͨ˷¡
ˣոǸ˵ҡô㲡ôѿôϵͭɫԼһ
⼸ԼûкúóԶ˲һȦɫǲҰ׵ˡһñ϶ˡ
ۣ뵽ʲô㣬Сָ˹ʡ
ٺ٣ôˣÿƵĺûᰡ
¾ӣֵĸ˻һ
ү˵ͨСӳһأŵܹ
Ƿ°ˣЩ˵
£ȥأҶˣԸѪġвСЩС˰ɡ뵽ԼԺҪװǾʱίԼ
¿컹ӣھȻüɫ裬һĿڣӣỹȥְɣ
ץסˣôİ
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ɡ
ˣҶˣȥ˵㶫ɡ˵꣬ͻӻʾϽȥ
ǣūھȥȻһʣǼĵ鲻Ǽٵġ뿪Ҳ˵Ͼܼ޸ŮǶүĽء
Ӧ껰Ҿ˳ȥ
ŵҪó̲ʳүС

 39 

εﴫź󣬼ڷ
¾ֻ߱Ƿˡ
ߣǸŮȢÿ𲻴Ӧء
Ҳ֪ǸСյһ飬Լѵõһ黳ҲĽȥ
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˿ϡ˼ϡ
ĺǸСϰȻһҲĺܡ
εǵЦ뵽ܿͿԺ棬Ǵá
ţԺ龡찲Űɡε䵽еȣ뵽ѩӰղŵǷҪ飬õÿȥ
үѾźãһ³Ǿȥݣӱޣһء
¸һ䣬ȥҵǣңûк֮ǵĿʼǵļƻεԵѩӰ˵
ϾڵһϣĻ£ҲûĽȥ
סѩӰͷӦûа΢ʣΪԺܾͿˡ
εѩӰûзԣЩ⣬Ҳû˵ʲô
ź˾䡰յ֮󣬱߳ãŲߵ鷿㿴һֱ档
˼ӭ
ү˶Ҿ
ʰôˡ
үոĺѵҲѼ¼ڲᣬү顣˵űͳӣݵεǰ
εӹӷۣϺϵݻȥԼä
Ŀžͷۣɡ˵꣬Լȥ
䲻ֻǴ󲡳ܹۡһԵǵĲѣһǵĿ
񲿼ˣǧ˲ʮֻ̲Ŵˣҹһšˣ˲һԡǡ
εһһ߲Ծü
Щ˵ֱʿ治һĴ󷽰һ꼸ʮٺ»Ȼ͵ĳֵǵĶ󷽵ļֱͷ
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׵ĵͷ
ˣûˡǶȥϢ¡ҿ飬ǵ緹ʱҰɡ
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ƵôҲôεԭĴϣҪԼԼ̸ڵ飬ԼԷæΪڱܶǽ϶³£ίҪ춨ӣ͸¶ү˼óε²֪ôشá
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үϣ˼ʧƱزݣ֮ܶƻҪңûǵ֧֣ǸѩӰ˵һ룬ʱȴ̴ӴүС
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ĳ֪æԻ¿ȫз㣬εɷģұض档
һгε˵ʲôϾ˼ˣһǮֻҪֳɵɹپͳˡܾôҲ˵ȥɡ
ͶӰɡҲûȥ׼׼Цֻһ֪Цδ۵ס
үûдٻ飬СֺԿơվһԵѩӰʵڼ̬ȣ
ĳֻҵָӣѵҲԣ˵üЦЦؿѩӰ
תεǹģȴֳٳٲĪѿô
εһѩӰת۾죬ȻһӣȴŲĿĲݵļ
˼ղŵǷ˫û޹ľҪ˻顣ƵڶͳȫЦԼ⣬ȴҲѿ
뵽⣬ε̾
С㣬ǲԲǡˡ硪¾Ͷװɡ
뵽׻аң֮ӦҲˡεյƷӦҲƴɡ
ףҲáô¾˵ˡͷĳ˰ⶨ͵ϣͷүдϡʴ󼪡齻˴ؼɡ첢ûжӿǣȻشҲȽ⣬ȻЦ
ˣ鷳֮˵εݸһЦֻЦЩǿ
ôĳͲˡʹ˸ǡһĿģʱҲϻ𡣴ʱһ̴ӣﳤȥ
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үҪ˻ôôִӦˡ
ţ֪׵Ĵ㣬Խš˵Լģ䲻ҵı⣬Ҹ޹ô
˻飬ⱲӻѼˡ
εǸȻȴ˳ĵӣ̲ס̾Ϣ
ȢǺȢҲǺ
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εһԲ£ɵפ㣬
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쳾һΣˮ껪ȥֻ︡ҹɫǰ
£ľЩ
Ų𣬳εתͷ΢תͷ磬һŵػ
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ǰһϮ£ȥЩ䣬ȴҹ
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ǰôޡ
һΪԼȴԹ޻ڵӣҪûǴʮ˰ɡԼõഺ껪ȫ׸˻еεա
ӣѹֻεִŵΪ»ǡ
ӣҲõĪ
̾һε֣Եظоһ漴Լľͱס
еĴһ⣬Щյ
үֶˣϽطɣȻŷ鷳ˡ
εĹػ֮⣬𴽽Цá
ϸĴУģ񣬴Цգ磬֮ȷû
εտѵõһɡ
磬εղḺġεε֮һδ
ԼްŮ֮飬ε˵ԼԶһЩԵĻٺЩΪԼܸҲֻ֮ˡ
ûлػֻº͵Цţâʯ財
ϼɷˣһ˾ɫҹڣҹɫŮӲδ˫İôô

 40 

ţһʱˣ⺲Ժ׻жԶεҡֽȣ۾ʱ⿴ۡ
һ³ٷȥݵĿĵؾεյѧĵطԺ
ԼĪһӾ͵ˡһԵѩӰ
Ŷһεת˴⡣
⻳ݻ深εЩʵ
ϲˣԼֵߵ̷һɷںϵľһҲʳǵķ
ݵģ˶ǹԽټԺ͢ĺܶԱڻݳѧҹ֪ܶʿʦǴ˻ݵȻľүˡڻкܶѧү̿ѧϰء
һǳ࣬£εȷⰡ
ô֪ڲǸĿʶäֲ֪θˡεûԳ˼ʵڵ뵱εյĳ̶ʵ̫Զ˵岽ʫٲҲ˵
εֲֻиѡ
үǫˣүǵүй֮޲ѩӰǳƶ˵
ү˵ûյĻǰ֮˱вһ
ŶôŰεЩÿɷЦ
ȻѩӰ⼸Ϊʲôһĳ̬ο϶Ǽ¡ЩϲֱҪĸо
ѩӰ˵ȴͣƿһЩϲػͷ˵
үˡ
εһδվȣһԴɳƵ
үԺѧӺλѾʱүԺ
˵֮˵ݣһĻɫ멣ֱǳ¶±ϵзһֱͨ棬б콻ȹúڲԵߣòɫӵʽ˿ϵסһʦ緶
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ڱ߱ҲɢһЩע
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ε˵ͷѧӱϾǻʼӵܣеҪѭġҲû˵ʲôһ̤εյѧϰĵط֪á

εڿϣҡӿʵǽšϾվĿɶĶˣһȣڵԼä
͵͵һվԵѩӰһӣʱĲ١
ǰĿתſѧã߸վˣνǼüһð
ɨվǰļѧӽŵı飬ЩȻԭǱŰ
뵽⣬Ц˵⣬ֻʦԼ廳ԺѧӣԴҲؽţȫҳͺá
һ⻰࣬ȻǻҳӦÿɡȺо˳е
үй¶һ¿ɷģ
Ļ𣿡һѧ˵
ǰǰԺҲ𣿡
үԺ󻹲ߡ
һһЩгε֪λش
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ҲǽҪĿ֮һ
ĽԿֶʱñĳҵը˹ϲ񣬱Ͼܸڹѧϰζû顣ǽѧöμӿƾ٣ǹĹ͡û뵽ǻ١뵽⣬ѾЩӯˡ
ε˵˲ٰǵĻվԵʩͻȻ˵
үѵǰ翼ѧӡ
εֻһ㶣ܿ춨
ϵıӣһڲ裬ʵΪԼʩ⻰Ľ
ϾԼǼĻôء
һߺŲһ߹۲ǰˣΪʩĻдڴȻһЦ
ҲãҲ֪ԸѧӵΡ²豭ε˫ۿŲѵˣ뵽еĿıΪ⣬˻㿪˵
ڣҪԳΪʲôĹΪĿ꣬Ҫθҡ
ʵǵһԱϿģԭΪԱҪְΪʵ¡ǵҲľϾƾپͺͿԱһΪ
үѧΪӦТ¡һɫŮӴȺվ˳Ҿ
ТΪȣҼ˵ȥεǰŮӣ΢ЦϾǵһվģɼΡֻЦŮӵһЩӲˡ
ѧΪ֮ԵУ֮Ծöֶ֮ʾ֮Ժö֪У֪ӹ棬ʥѵТ㩣νţڣʣѧģѧӦТ족
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Тҡιƽ֮Ҫ壬֮Тҿھ㩣˳ڳӼοڹ١гڣںӡ֪үѧ˵ĶԷ񣿡Ůһ˵꣬Ҿ˫ۿεĿֱӣ߲ܡ
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Ŵһĵžӣܺã˵Ƿǳá
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ž󿴿ƣ⼫ˡų˵˭˶ۡ
ٺ٣һ뵽ԼļƻⲻѡȻӲܣ뵽ñΪۣ;һлֵõġ
ٴ۾ӣ־ͻȻӳһͦεΣԶԶĳ
æͭЦݣݵɢһŴݵĹ
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£ȥԸѪʳúò
վһԵķæӦȻȥ
ŷԶȥıӰһСޱ׳
ء춼׶ˣ

 41 

˵ĺܺãʲô֣ε͵ؿֻܰôһƿڵĹŻ˵ô˵ЩΪҲû취ۡ
ѧ١
˵ĺܲ뷨ãȴЩǷȱʵʡΪԵΪңΪŮԵΪĸТԹТȫףεһָӣЦ
ѧסɫһ䣬һվԭλĥ˼
εûзŹϵ飬ȻҲ֣Ǽȥﲻ˿ʵԼףֻ˵ТȻ뵽ңТȫ⻰
ֻ֪ǣڵ˿һĪĸо˷׷ײ²ǻ˼
ʱȺһѧӷӰվԵͷи󣬱㿪ڵ
үѧүʫ˫岽ʫ߲£ɽһջΪɫѧ뿪۽硣֪ɷүͻ
˻һ˽ԻȻȻҶԹҪ

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˵֮˲£ǷƮǻͶȴ˿߹°ôزѡ
һѲӰ
ôܾûˣ¼ˡ쵹ˡȥ׼ֽīɡε𴽽Ц
ﲻңЩ˹ģɾǿˡй衢дǸи֡
׵ѧȥ׼
ܿ켸ѧ̧˷ľڴ룬ղ׼ֽʣվһԿʼĥ
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ڤ˼һ󣬳εϵҵĺʣī֭һֽ϶ʱī֭
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京ŵĻͤͤڻҶ֮ϣһЩ΢һЩȫ¡ԭī֭ѾתΪƬƬҶһصĴˮ.˯ĻҶ븡ˮϣˮ棬һȾ˯ڱ̲֮ϣɫ̬꣬Ц
òεԵѧ˵
ܿѧӰԭȺȵĲݸ
εӣ˿ڲ裬ۡһѿеĲջõĺɻͼϡ
˴󾪣ʱ⡣úõĻôͻˣ
εŵһЦȫµһŰֽȥģֽϵӳһɻҶͼֻīȵһҪεűʹ˼£ղȫͬ龳
˿ĿɿڴǴû
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Ϊεڲ裬תۼķɻҶͼĻīɫŨβ,б仯,ƣԲͬ
һǴ京ϣñȽǣԽԶͱ
ȥģǺɻʢΪٵʱҲʱ򡣺ñȳٳǣǻ顣
֮ɻ䣬ɫתڹٳѣرЩĻ䡣
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磿ܵܣЦĻ죬˭ܵܰ
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ٿһ죬ɷǶˡ
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˵꣬¼֮ǰĻ⣬ֻػʼʾѺá
ʵһȤҲûУȴװҹ㣬ǵʾøǳͬ顣
ҿ˱ȻԺʮÿҪֹĶǵӣһǷɡ
ʱţ֮ջǢڷ˿
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ֹƬ̣ͻȻһ֣С˼ϸɤ
¼ݵ

 42 

¼ݵС˼ϸɤͥ˾׷ΰݣ˲ΰݣ͵͵һ۵ûС
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ͤУµȵļ٣Сȥ·ôȥôã֪ǲǳʲô顣
һߣͤʱ岻ٰһһį
¹æҲû취ȥôþȻߣ浱Լ⸮ӲɣһӽŻһ̵
˵Ŷջ󵨣ŵµҲôĺãԺ󻹸Ҳѳ뵽ղŵ¶Ϊһ
Ŷһ㶣һ۵㵱мӰŲţղһ治ǹģ˵аţұߵĺúõģСȴһɴʹûһСλûʹء
Ļһ䣬һЦǲⷬ˵ˡ
Ȼȴ⻰ŵĴʧɫﰵвãһλæԺȥ
ķȻ˷ӧĲ죬ߵЦݽʧЩͷǱˣЩʽʲô
ץ·ǰ󣬷ӧЩ͵Ϊ㵥ദϧŶʶȤ
汰ɣŶ֪öģԼûİΣϣϧΪֶζһԼʲôȤ
Ůŭף̧ͷʱǱһƬ
ʶȤǵ¸ӵġ
ӧ΢㶣˫ҲһƽһؿڵŭӶԣҪһ졣ÿӶŽԼõһչָδҲˣçײи¡
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΢΢̾հһжκȴΪӸղŵĶᵽɤӿڣΪŰѺ
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±ҲġУȻ߶£˵ͻвʣȻظϢˡ££ϵ·ʰһԵ´롣
ū֪ˡһǵĵͷ֪ǻΪѰɡδѾΪ룬һԶ
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 43 

ȳεһ˴ӻݻѾҹ
ص˵ˡ
εһԼ䶼ûؾȥѩӰԺ塣
ĻۡҪ뷨ԽԽǿңֻ¡
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˵ʲôεеسʵ
ЩΪѵذǾ仰˵ڣʱڳ˵ıͺһǰȻֻû뵽ε꾹Ц
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Ѿ޷ٰ£Ȼ;˳Լ⡣
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үȥҲˣ²˵ѩӰ˼ҲҪס
ţҽȥζҪȥε˫ֱֱؿѩӰļᶨѩӰ֪˵ʲôûõġ
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ȥ׼ͶȾһǰȥһҪүȫ
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ƥڹٵϷɿгڡ
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һһҹһڵİ硣
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ڿԼˡ
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һƣ˯˼ߡ
ҹһ˫۾ǳشתԵŮϡ
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ô֪סأǰ˵𣿡ҹǿɰСһӡ
漴ͻȻ죬һָ
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ҲЩ죬ûҰкŶôҡٲҾҪ޸ˡʱ޶ˣ
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ӦϲҵİɣȻҲˣԲԣ
˸ոӵǵ龰ľֱСϵ¶ҹ֮ߡ
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ˡ
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˯𣿡

˯˰


 44 

΢΢
εŻ˯е˶Ծصͷϸһǡ
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˯еԼȷʵЩԼ˵İԼ϶飬ߺһ˯Ҫץ
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áĵط˵ͷӦ
Ϊʲô֪ԼҪ׵飬ȴĻȫתעЩ޷˵ҪԼ޸Ϣ
ɬķӦε飬ߵ˼䡣
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в鵽Ůӵݣֳصͳ
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βֱСӡ
Ҫʺαصȵڡûг˵ʶŮӡֻǲ֪ʲôʱʶġ鲻ҪȥӰ˵ϾǸĺӣʲôȥǼûͷ
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˳ź󣬱ʱķȥСԺԼԭȿһ˼ڴɵЦЩ̾
һҲ˽ү
龰Ͳһĵıˡ
ֻ룬ȴûԼӣΪҲһοСЦôô
Цõ˲İᡣ

ε˳˽붬Ⱦ⣬ûдֱӻ˼Һܲ۵ĿջҪ˼żס˽ȥ
үǴӦҪȥ𣿡䲻Ŀддӡ
Ṧ򡣡һʣε𻭴ɣȻװŷ⡣
취콻ϣԻҵ⡣
ǡӹţһԾ
ĴŮҵľεǶһۣЦЦ
ԭûôͺ֣ĻüޣԼҪٲȡжԭļƻϲ϶Ůı仯
ӧڹ˽˶죡

 45 

һȥһʱʱ˷ţֻ֡
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ôͻȻôˣʱջĺܣôһӾ͡ǣаԳĳεֽ̧ӹݹĲ裬δŵߣעͱʻסߣҡ
ý˿ĵĳлһֻϸֻ֣㾧Ө͸ӵһ˫ֵӦûһŮ˰ɣ
˵ʺܿ챻ҿһûӴӳ˳С˵ļ
ˣһ˫ֶһһųɫյ˾Ȼһˣ
ε̾Ů磬˳ģ
ӵݼΪɫҲְֻ͸
һͷīһīɫķɵסķ˿ɢƽһ֮ϸ֮ᷢµޱ䡣
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̧ĿתĿһ˸ơ

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΢㶣漴͵ЦС氮˵Цҵһμ棬µȻ֪
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εתֻصղŵĻ⡣
ҪǼ飬ڿ˵˰ɡ
һޱ˵Լεȴɫ䡣

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ε׹ȻȷղЩǲǷˣԼһ类˶ȴǷǳ϶顣
ղԼ˵Щɫһ
붬ȾﶼЩúõɫôͻȻôѿﶼǷʲôֱԼʱŻæ
үкηԸ
䣬ûʲôݵػ鱨֮ġεͳɤ
붬ȾһۣﶼЩ⣬룬ʵѩܼҵΪռ鱨ʹ̽רŽʮºͶȾҲеĶԼרŵ鱨үǷҪʲô
ǷǳҪĶεԸ
εܵͳЩҧгݵζ䲻ɵһ㶡
䣬ǰҲЩ飬ϸȥ飡ε͵͵ĶԸһĲ죬εǸһĨЦҪ֪ӽڷ飬ðЩ͢ųȫڳ
ֳһһҪһڵȨֲͼԽϸԽá
ΪرСֺηڼҲ˭Ĺ˭

 46 

εһ˿ӱ޷ѾǶ硣
һ˲ûмŻظǾͽ˼ҿջϢ´ٻȥ
Ʒ߳ջǰ׵ĽΧŲˣȺԼЪ˹
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δ߽һЪ˹ҵĺӻң˭ץҵĺӣҡ
е˲ݡ
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һͷҷ㱵ץŸСǺӵĲԱǰѷļ
ЮֵĺСף岻סĲȻǱ龰Żˡ
ҵĺӣ˭ץҵĺӣֻһӰѵ˵ôֵǮҲ˰ΪʲôȡΪʲôΪʲôӲͣĽк鼫Ϊʹ࣬Χ۵˿˶ǳܡ
ⲻżŮӵķôôˣһ˲ʡ
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ү˲ǸС٣ѱϳܾЩԡ侲ƿЩߣü˵
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ӦӰһΣѾ
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һǰδνǽѳһҫۡɨվǰñǼ˶ʱɡ
ⳡóεĿɿڴ⡭⡭ٵİɣ.

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ǰñ󣬶γεǣֻǻδͱȾһȫ¡
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ֻǶû룬Ⱦһɨʮ˾ʮԶǾҲ֪ʹһңֻԼѾˡ
ε̾ΪֹȫؼˣӦǸʤһ
Ⱦ㣬һԾѸޱȣЩñҪﻹü
ֻһӰ˲䣬ٸŮѾȾһְڵϡ
֪֪˭Ȼ˺͢٣ǲ˰ʹ
Ⱦϻڽذ˫Ť˹Ե
ߣ˭˻֪ء
ʱ
һһñ޳һߺүϳ
ڳε߼æͣ£εܣ΢ϣ뵽ʲôת˵ˣߡ
ԣһ㲽ɣǰǻԵӴŮһŵҲһ˳ƶ˽
ݡһеıӣȥ
ʱǵһ졣
ǹԱͻȻǼǰغ
ˣã񲻽Ŀ޷ͣȻ豾٣үСɵáӴˡ
ȾһʹŮӱ۵˵һͷѵ첲ҲѾˡ
ŮӡһҽУʱ۵Ļȥ
ȾѾԶսһΣʱ
ε죬ҿϵͷһŮӴ˴˹ŭ壬һɱ
̾ߵ粻ߵɡ
εתŮӱԵӣһĿ
εʣȴֲ֪οڣգȰ˴ȥ˵

үɻˡ
εһ˴εฮĺǱ룬һžͿĺɼ
ȥ鷿аºԵӡεƲһѾȫɵŮ˵
εҪĺºһ۾;鷿ȥ
Ȼǵ࡭ӽоˣӽоˡŮӼ˫ᣬѾ͸ղˡ
벻Ҳڵ⼸췢ô顣εѩӰıһأһԵѩӰ̰û˳Ͻš
ţһΣ
Ұ
ôأ
ѩӰһ˫ͫصеĻҪ㡣
εһ㶣뷢ʣͨεͷʾ⡣һᣬŮһ¹
үȾǼӽˡŮͻȻ˵߿ͷһļ밧ˡ
εһæ𣬡㲻Ҫлú˵Ҫܰһ
Ůһæᣬȵ渵
СŮ࣬ղŵŮķɡҪڽµģʵǡΪǶͶ·˰
˵һģ뵽ԼˮǶ־ͯʧ٣ǼҵӽҲʮһǰڼĪַ˵ʱмñʱͷȥ٣û뵽ءû뵽Ŵ˵ܸ棬Ǻݴһ٣Ҽҷ˼ɼúõ˾ʧķ衭
ءүȾǼӽҲȾЩ޹ĺӡ棬Ҫ¹򣬳εæ԰ο
С㣬벻ҪĻǲ֪ǺΪεѷһԵλϡ
ֻǲ²⣬ӦôˡǡǡӢµذ˵˵
εͷһôôɡ
תͷѩӰѩӰޱغӡ
εͷתأѾȶʵ
Ϊʲôôȷ
Ǹ˺ɫԣϲͯϲʮһոշõͯĴ˴ɫò ֣һҸɱȥԺЩ½ֻ֪үıףԹٸ֪ҲʡǼӽ²Ÿʮ꣬ء˶֣ڻ֪ǻ
ʮһꣿģôµȥְ
εѹŭ
ڿοҸϢҵȻȥǸӢҲֻ̽ҪȷǸӢɵģһ
ллүллү߿ޱ˵ֻϲ
εƵ˵ֻҪһ뵽ŮӵУйɻ뽫ʬΡ
䡣
үкηԸ
ȴСȥƫȻٽжȾ鷿̡
Ůӳȥ󣬳εɫһ
үŮ˵ʵԤҪôѩӰüʵ
ߣֻҪȷΪôô졣
ǣүǱߣ
һУҰѻʵοү
εɢƽѩӰһ㶣ݣүûѡˡ
ŮӹȻ򵥡

ɫԽԽˣӦȬˡ
˵֮˶ڴλ˿ں໪һˣϽ鷢,ѣĿ߹ֻȫɢһȻĮƧЩҽӽ
ǰһ˫бŮӲǱˣǵŮӧ
л¹ģѾûдˡۣһɵվߡ
ҵˣȢźöϧӧ𴽽ǣЦЦСԼ档
΢Сͷĸˣһɺߡ
͵Ҫ˵飬ȥɡһԵֳ˵
£ȥλ밲ͲˡæԼֳӯӯһݣŵ˳ȥ
һСԼձ֣æԼ·ϲ˲һĲ⡣
ΪԼǶŮ˲˰ҵ˭İԼձ֣
˵Լ޸ģߣ͵űʰ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱ÷Ŷһô졣뵽ʮ֮Ҫףﲻһꡣ
΢̧ͷŽɽ̫Сһʧ
˽죬ֻʣʮˣ

 47 

ҹ
үʱˣЩϢɡֵźε˯һʱ㾡ְȰ˵ЩϢˡ
е飬ε˿ɫԭôҶûע⣬ðɡ˵꣬߳鷿
޵·ϣ̲סүǼȥΪ˺°ֹǺˣ
Ȼ˵һֹӵ飬үǹʲôʱϵõģΪʲô֮ǰһҲû˭ӵ顣
ôԴˣεϷŰؿ磬ѻ
ǡû˼类Ļ˸죬Ц
ε׽Ū£ֻƼѾߵԼķǰˣҲʹ⡣
ˣεȡЦһٸ㡣
á׵ĵͷ
ţȺȥߡ
һͷº
үˡЩްɡ
εƲһ۴Щƹ˵˼ôôظ鷿˯ǵ÷ֵô壬˯Ҫ߸졣
ֹһᣬĻ󣬱ҲϳӦ
ҲȥϢɡεŶվԱߵ˵
ֵҹš
ûϵȥϢɡҹҲʲôδ˵ꡣ
Сġһѳε˵ڵأȻ󾯾ضӣһһϹȥεղλôʱһֱβڲ
ɣд̿ͣεһʱгд̿ͣˣһᣬǴ̿ͼһɣųǶȻһֻĿֱָεһ֧̫죬εȻļӦɱ˱ߡ
ү죡ĺٶһ¾˳εķ⣬ͬʱҲ˷Ĵ̿ͣҪļһеҲ˽
үû°ɣ籣ǳĿųεѪ˿ڣ۾漴޺޵ǸվڸߴԸȥĴ̿͡޲ðǧˡ
ûϵΡε˿ڣο
ϣҲһָһһȵ˷Ǵ̿;Ȼǽлһ̲ͣķŹÿһص
Ȼڶڳټûãڿε֮ǰѱˡ
ģε˵⻰ʱǰһڣȫʧȥʶ
ãж籧壬ͷһεһٿһϲĺѪʱĴС
Ǵ̿һѾﵽĿģҲս𹭼㳷롣
ӡֱǰһѿס̿͵֣˳һŤ뽫̿µʱеͻȻģоԣֻ֣̿ͣ̿˺ɫѪȻѾԾˣ
ûҪŻȥ
Ѵ̿͵ʬ嶪ȥԱߵ˾䡰ȥ˵ݡ
ĺɡԱߣż˵үôˣ
жˣ֪ðѩӰһ۳ε˿ںü
ڶүһͻѵġ
ˣûˣ°ɣѩӰɢȺʾ伸˽̿͵ʬϽ鷿

үȴһ°ɣһҩڱϵˣû书ֻڱϿţҪעⲻҪ鷳
εԼ˵֣һصͷ
Ѫڵĳ̶ȿǶǼѪġǺĵҩʹٶ֣ȻѾˡ
ѩܼң̿ͺܹŹ֣Ǽ˴̿͵ʬ壬ûзκȻǰŵϸϸûһۼ뵽̿ҪɱүΪвһ
ӣ˸һʼûҪŻȥµѩӰվһԣĻرʲôܻ¶ۼġſϵζ
һַڱһţܽ㡣üͷһ£漴ӵĿѩӰ
ܽ㣿εǲسһֱ㾪ǿǡ
ţô£
ѩӰüү̫øˡ⡮ܽ㡯һҩרڲСϡҩҵҲ޵ϵȵĴҩܶ೯д󳼶ƫô
ǸȥŮӵĺӾȳϾд̣ɺϻԤıǼ޻
ѩӰҲö֪
֪ͨˣ²Ҫ͸¶ȥεôɺϵ飬ҲǣǰٱĳԵ̫ͻأԤıĳ֡Ǽ˵˼ҵٸ⻰ԼҲɡ
˭֣Ŀʲô
εǰˣɨѩӰﲻ̾ɧǶˡ

 48 


նһƬӰ֮£ϡ٣áοͽ첻֪ΪʲôӰֻһӶӵʿ۶СĴߣѲӡ
ʹﴫŮΣϢ
˵أ̫ҽԺ̫ҽ̫Ů
˵ŮĿǰΪֹûѡ
˵Ůˡ
š
"£̽ӻرѾǻ췦"ӧ鷿һޱŮרעĻ㱨֪Ϣ"ڼٹ²ýκλʽ"
ӧ̧꣬"Ǿ˵ָҲҪȡ"
"ǡ˵ǲôŴݡ"
""ӧǹһĨЦݣ"ôҩˡֳ֪ͨأ˵ڡ"
"£Ҫʲô"Ůӿŷӧı飬ĲԾľһ¡
"ʲô"ӧһ棬Ц"ΣȥǿĽһ̡"
--------------
"ൽ--"
"μʣ--"
"εպã"ῴһ԰ףæ˵
"лϡ"
εһͱһʥּ빬У鷿ʱѾվˣֻ̲ͻ鶼ѵȺԣˡ
"λ䣬֪Ϊν"
"΢֪"˵
"磬յܱ"ϵһۣ"ε䣬ȿɡ"
"ǡ"εǰӹϸĶеۣͨʱѧϰѾʶò֣ȻͷֲȫʶҲ³˴˼
󲻶ɫذ´ԵĴ󳼣"ϣѿꡣ"
ڸд˸飬ÿ󳼵϶һмˢĲҰס
"Ƕ"
"Ҳˡ"Ӧ
"ôλԴ¿ʲô"Ȼָ֪ǣԱһ˿ϣʵ
Ȼʧûһ˸վһ͵ҲûС
"ε䣬㿴ν"̾ȻѾϰߣܴ۾￴һ˿ʹ
"ϣ޶۲ߡ"εĻشϣϡ
"㶼û취޲Ҫؿ"ἤس
Ҫû취ָ˭ָ˭
εԣؿһۣһΣϣ浱ܵİ
Ҳεܣ
εﲻ̾һ˽ʲôʢѸ
͵͵ܣ˺ޱ⣬˵Ǻϣһǲѵӡ
ⵣǼپֻԼˡ
ε̧׼ỹһڴĿԼɵΡ
ӸǷԽֻĶҲδؾڵȻеȴҲǲòͻж񹷣һ湻ҵġ
ûа취һϲͨڣеת
"ϣû㵽̶ȡ"ε˻ᣬǿڵ
"εǷѾ뵽취ˣ"
"ߣֻǲܱԽһǼ٣Ŀǰ˵ҹһ޾öŽսذܡ"
˻һ˲һǱذܶ֡˵һȻÿﶼǴӱ˵ζ
ʱ鷿۷׷ף˲²ĻǺ⣬˵ذĴ󲻾ػ
"֮Ǻã"һҲ˲ֱӻ
"֮Ȱڡ"εһһ٣ᶨ˵
̶̼ȴһƬȻÿƵĴ󳼶ףεҪȫˡ
֮кǵһ׹ģҪεյжͿбɨҪԵĴ󳼣վ"ΪεãʳΪ԰Ϊȣͳһ꣬δйͳһȡʤߡ"
һԭҪԵļһҲ͵Ͼúһ˶˽հ
εȻ⣬ȴǲɫ
"Ǻãεּ"𴽣ϵ˵
"ڡ"
"ϳлʵگͳٹ٣񡣹ӡ緣ةӽ¡´گͼٹ١մˡ"
"ּ"εͷӦһЦеᣬ̾ʵϣҲ㲻ˡɽϣǸǻδ֪
"ˣ⻹еڶܱǸϢ̽ӻرΪŮأһлʽýУȻҲǶŮ󽫾ҵ¡൱˵Ƿ£"
ûһϳεվ͸˸⡣
"ֻԶģ㵽ʮд·û뵽ˡ"εһɱǫ˵
ȷû뵽װСΪ֪˶ϸȴһ仰ȫաˣ͵ȴһȥǿڵʱ
"ϣһ֮飬һˡ"

 49 

ε̤ţȺڹſڵĺӭȥ
үҪҪȻظЪϢ¡ЩǵؿɫЩ׵ĳεæ
áεͷ
ȷЩۣΪд̵飬һû˯ͽӵʥּŸ
үҪȥĺüʵ
׼ˡεؿڣ˵̫ࡣ
Ȳظˡȥȡ뵽ղ鷿飬ε￪ʼ֪Լڵ⼸ֻᷢʲô顣
һЩ⣬Ҳûжʡ
ԼĪһֺ˴֣ſڡ
ͨһ£˵εáεųʳմ״ĶЦЦŵɵ˵˼ǣ˸⵱ൽãôſڵȺ򰡡
һεһ˽˴һ˴ҴҵԺȥ
εڴһ洫һҵؽŲһľһµ⵹̳εЩ⡣
գһ˲䣬ǲȷػһ,ȷ,һϲߵǰգôˣ
̸Щ顣
,ķ纮?ԼģЩʧɫЩ԰,ǵس.
,ˡ
ڻôôˣεǰˣʵ
Ϊȥ㰡ش
ԭѾҪˣȴ˵ˣ־ϲû뵽
ε࣬Ǻ°һŰݷã֪Ϊ¡
δȵźװ첽ߵεĶЦЦ˵
ĳֽЩãڻδޣصڻҪأҲֻ첽ȥ
ǺǣҪȥ֪һС㣬СΪεĳӻˡɴˡεڿЦʵڿ졣ϾӦĲ鲻Ը
ĳ˵³Ļӵĳ񣬵ϻгѡ磬εĪΪȥİɡЦֻȴȫЦ⡣
ĻɫһףЩŵؿųε
ԼûţҪձ˽ô
С˵Цˣ㲻˵໹֪ءȥΪ˹£Ů˽޹ءε΢΢ЦΪȴԾȣϢôͨ
⻰ﲻֹǼ٣ȥֹӲİɡ
ôεһ¡˵ǲûоţȴҲû׷ʣһ֪ʲʲôǲԼĵܵи
ȷҪСæϸдڡε˵žʹԼͳһţĺһȥӹ󣬵ݸ졣
ӹһģüͷ𣬴ɫɵһȴǲɫذװأԼС
ۿسεﻹЩšû뵽ǰ˼Ȼϸ嵽˳̶ȡҪǴ̣ԼȫǶֻ֡ǡôôԼˡ
ĳúĥεĳ𸴡˼һᣬ˵
ҲãǱĺϢεһЦҲΪ⻰ɫЩѿаӦΪˣǸܻ׬Ǯӵˡ
дţǾȸˡε˵ȥȴԭվһץȥ
ȫ˾ԼοЦı顣

ųε֣˴һССԺӡ
εڣûеõӦҲֻܾԼߡ;󸮵ˣεЩεصͷֻʮӺﲻɵظ̾һһش󰡡
ԺӣһʯСϵüʯףһȣȱ㵽һ䷿ǰ
һһƿš
Źţ˲䷿ֻʣˡ
㷿䣿εɨ䣬Щɣķ侹ȻֻһһŴһһӣ⡢Ҳ̫ª˰ɡ
աͻȻסľٶóεгΪסĵطֱϵ˴
գôˣѪˣоĲֲԾ߿ϵĵѪŵس
ôѪˣ˭˵㣡ѪɵתŨҲ˲ŮбӣֱϵĴѪɴһ޲ð˸ǧˡ
ûʲô󰭣ֻǲСĲ˵ġεַӣѹʹװû°˵
û𣿡ȻЩŵʡ
ûµġΪʲô£Ůб񲻺ϡû£ȡ
գδޣദǲ˵лġ˵޶ʱɵط죬˫ֱӿųε漴뵽ʲôͻȻ
ȵȡ˵ȥ򿪹óһң򿪰ң澹һʺļ¡
գʮ꿪ʼһһߵطƶɣһֱܴԼļ¼޸գû뵽οԳ档˵ƯƯСÿ£չڳεǰһڴ
˿ߣͷķǽ̳εԾز·ǻ⡣
ƯεЩȻػرߡ
εյǺģľֱӶ̹ġ
ǳȵЩסֻǿϧεգûа취Ӧĸ顣
ﶼֻԺҲˡ
ǲǰˣһһ
գʲôʱۺеļ£һؿųε
£ʮ졣
Ҫôðһ˫ЩȻ
ʱ䵯ָһܿġε뵽Լкܶ鶼ûҲڵˣǰкܶҪţ´㡣
εû˵ѣȷҪڳǰϷ޵鰲źãȻǻԼڵʱʲôʡϽõΪҲҪڳǰöԲߣø޹ꡣ
ȥȻЩᣬ˵ԼҲˡʱǣ֣ȥ
εһ㶣ûֳأǿһĿģ֪Ϊα⡣
ˣֻǣֶѡ
ֻǵǣֱʮָۣԭĺױʢˣһļһصˣȴͷԶʹ
εͲҲð˶˶֮

 50 

ȥһ·裬أջسʡ
лϹģСεҾ
ẬЦͷ΢תɽʮһ·ǰԱ䰲ȫ
üһεȥڣһЦ
л
˻Ϻ󣬳εۿζĿ⡣
εһֲв̫ƽˡ
ʮڼ׽ǰ̤ǰ·֮޲˱ܣĿӣ·ˬʼƮ裬⿴ſ治һ硣
ε쳵ڱĿ˯˰㡣
״ó˿̺ϣε˯ۣһ磬߻ת⣬ι󣬲˵ʱˣߡ

˵ǰ³Ĺ⾰εٵȴƵģֱðˡʱ̸·ˣûģ·أЩģǰͷüĲ⡣
ƫһ꣬磬ҡȣ·Է羰
òøʲſ
磬үΣεԼװ൱⡣
ÿ΢ͷ
װĳεûŮװǹӢҲûųǰǻ͸ŹŵЦһԾԵɷǽΡ翴İϲ
ε봺綼άļ󣬶Լĺɶװ·ȴ缸յƼ򵥵ˣʵжȾǡ
үȥİĺɿһеسεʵ
ȥһطε£ӣ
˲⣬ֻΪҪȥλֹӡ
εǶˣɫβΪųġ裬Ȳ˵Խ᲻ߵսǾͳԲˡʱҲҪҹҪˡܵõ֧ԮãоǵļƻԹ˲ڡ⣬ǴеĿġ
֪үε¶ı飬ĺҲɫ֪үеĿģүĵġ
ε΢΢ĵͷûʲô۲۵ģֻǴвǰȫġ
ȻеĿĵȷΪлأﻹִ֪硣
ڰǰ˳εϴŵĿջһΪջ뽫ڶҲΪϴǰطʮϵַ
εסϴεǼŷϢƬ̣һֱڰĶȾͻȻΡ
үϢˡ
ӹȾغεֻǿ˼Уüͷȴɵý
Ѳ˶ϵĶҲ̥ȶѹޣԼ»޵ĸ¶֮˲ԶǺͷӧѲ˸ϵ裬ǹĶǣơĺ󹬵ǷӧôؿŻλҡ
ȤεһֱϷľʡ
Сó裬һֱ һУȴܹ񣬿ɼܡӧ˵ǧ谮һȴҲȻ⿴ƾҪֵĻλ᲻ɵδ֪
£ǧӳεЩ¿
ǧ꣬ŮŮʴӱʫͨ鷨ҵ伮ءȻ鵭ϲٳʮŮַţΪңӴ˲ʳ£ң
ε⣬ǻͷͻȻһ
Ůʴͻ顣
ѵǷӧԼģ
εӿһɲ⿴Ƽ򵥵ƺ¡
Ȳ˵ǸֵϾԷʵҪȡǸŮ練ơ Լ鷳е΢ڻû͸
ŵȨģͼĶÿԱְܷ˱ǡεͼ˼
ĺ綬ȾˣһԲûдš
ùڷǧϣε˼֡
λģִﳯΨһһĺ--ｭıϣԵλʮԽȲϵġ
ҵǳÿµĳһʮ嶼ῪУһЩڵĵҲǳ࣬Ŀֲ࣬¥УȻҲٲЩְҵĳı½϶¥
¥˵Ƿǳر¥Ϊ¥С˴ղģģ¥ӵȵľһλĵŮӡ
û֪¥ϰ˭Ҳû¥£һλϲƴֵСǿаһλ¥ͷƣڶͱ˷ѹ˴ϣû֪˭ģҲСȥ¥ˣڵڶԭȾסĵط֪ȥ򣬴ӴˣҲû˸¥ˡ
ȻεⲢΪ¥Ϊһġ
һ˳ǧŮӡ
С㣬ĺɱӳǿ𣬱ҪݣҪֱȥ𣿡
ŮΪС㣬ŮΪү֮
εĻӿȣ΢΢һЦȻȿ⻳˵
ÿİ³Ҫһһȵᣬʵ˵˾һֱ״ᣬȢɸСʲôĶϳΪףĺ档
Ҳ˺ܱܶ߳С㹫ǣö֮ͱһʢᣬСԣС֣Ϊ׬ǮҲС㹫ṩʶ
εΪŮĲ൱͵Ȼû֣ڳεĺЩ˿ǾȤѡ
ĺɣȻǿĸ˵ȥεĽֱֵ߲ͣ۵Ĺӣ̲סĴȤ
С㣬˵ʲôأĺһ죬Ҳ̫ϰ⻳ĹӡС㣬ȥǰɣǿȥࡣ
εĺ˺ܶĵط߽һԭǲա
λ⿴ˡ̨һ޵Ļ˫˵ע⣬죬¥̨ϣӻԾμӣ˭ܻʤܼ¥ͷ--ƹӡͽӡ˵̨꣬µ˸ۡ
С㣬ԭհҲɡĺһգҲȤ
ε׵
գûȤǸʲôƹӾ͸ûȤˡȤ¥Ǹˡǧ꣬׻һˣ
Сȥ⡣εѵһĺɫĺҲ˷
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ǣС㡣ĺһ˷ܵСȥ̨Ǳߡ
ε̧ɨܣЩŮƹӵ䣬ԵƻڲزסԾԾԡ
뵽Լһװ磬󵨵ŮӹȻϷε̲סЦ
뻹ڿջ׵ŮװϾŮߣŮװǱװ㡣
ܿ죬кܶȤСվǰ棬Ҳĺɡ
εվԭصȴԲŮڲͣƹӣҲϸһ
ƹӴӳһֱղĳҲû˵ء
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˵ƹڻ֮ͯ볢ζ
㰡ôֻЩһʶûС
Уѵǲ밡˵¥õʲôŰҲ涮
ҲҲǡԼŮӶʱЦ
εԽԽüŮôĶһУﲻͬƵӣϣǲźá
С㡣ĺһ·Сܻ
ʲôεһֽʵ
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鵽Ũʱ㲣Ĳڣ㶼ԣԸԼ÷
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뵽⣬εһ٣˼ŻǶΪԼ׼·ȽϺá
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Զԣôû뵽Ǳǿߡ
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СĻеҹӰСӵɡ
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˼˵ϣֻĸ׶ˣ˹ӾȻҲֻ׳ˣ˵ĲԣλӻЦ
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ǺǣĿü򵥰ūŶأ22ֻ14ֻεװޱЦ
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Զĸ߰ͷתһߣǸūŸⲻǣ룡
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аŮװҲҪȥ

 54 

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ȥغ˵ʲôǸղŵɱɱúǴĵȴӿһ󲻰
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̫ˣᵣĵġ
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εȻ֪Ϊʲôôʣǻʵʵ˵ԥؿڡ
ӣȴûꡣ

 55 

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Ҫ˼룬֪Ҿ͸㣬ֻǽ첻Уˣ㣬֪ʲôҶ㡣εĲ͵
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ĳᣬε۾ĽԼĽףֳص̸ͷǧļ棬ӿʼȫһ飬ϸѰĹͬ㣬ԽԽǲҲԽľֱ˳˼˾εŻۡҲû֮ǰãȻ벻ȡ֮һĨ޷ӵļᶨ
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ε²豭Եˣ˶Ⱦޱ飬һֹ飬ĺʳ˿ڣȴһɰգǵԼԽˡ
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ߣ,ԼҲԲԲµƷļƻȻɣȴЧͼӰġֻ֮ǰҪֳһҺͶŮƲϵȻһָ¼˶
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ѩӰ˸Ī⣬ļ֮ԼҲϡѵʮ书¡ԼѪӰ¥ʮ˶סһΪµ书ΪѾߵĵز
˫ľâֻһӣһö߼Ʊһֻɶֻ͡һֻɶ걻ǽϣѩӰԸ㲻뱾ΪУ򡭡
ڷֻҪǶԼв˾ͻ᲻ľȥȻεջΪ塣
ʶεвʱȴѾ̫ˡ

 56 

ĽֵΧŲˣǽͷӶϸ˵ֻʱм伸ˣӶͶߵﲻҳżм󵨵ҲֻǸðͷм䡣ߴмһ»Ůӣָæͷ˻ȥŮӿԼ
ŮôĶһаεۿźǰŮӣȻܲͷǻòسڸʱ䣬С㲻Ҫ·
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Ůӹҡӣ··СֻҪˣأٺ١һȵŮӵͻȻĿļͣȥ˸СжԶԶôСҺ˵ˡ
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С֪ʲôŮڼ͵ı첻µز¡
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εһ㶣΢תͷ֪Ǳ컹ߺ磬ͻȻʹǧ˻ҧ㡣İо
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Ծ̫ԾˡȻῴ翴ʹѵǡ
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ĺɣ֡

ĺһ㶣⻰ŵľ˷Ӧүô֪Լ䣿
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ԣһ㶡Ļίᡣ
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磬Բίˡַ̧ᣬ㲻˻ҧųεġ
ӴǴŲŲڼҵԼ۰ȴΪԼͷ¶棬ΪԼܣԼȴŵû
һ㡭ҲáίԣȻ£ȵĿΪԼᡣ
˵ˣԼˡ˵˶ԲþĿضֵõġһ仰ʲôίҲûˣʲôί
εհεգǹˡǼһί
εȻԼֱƣǡǰ޳˵磬Ҳܸж˵Ķִš
ˣˡϾģҲġôûֻ´γʱ֪ܲͨһȻΣľ㲻ûѵġ
үôáĺɵĻ̳εعεջعתصŮϣԭº͵ıѾεճһж㡣
۸ҵ磬һ֪Ǵˡ
ĺɵһ̧֣ȴһ
С顣ˡȺ߳һŮӣһǸ⡣
ǡ
ߣɼˣϷһһʰ
εۿǰֵļˣĮЦһ̧еֱָĺƷŮӡ
ҲҪֻҪ
Ļ纮̶ı飬ùһʰˡΪѵĿѾƷȴԲֵͣŮӣɵüͷ
С㣬ҽ֮㺣ҽΪȻţǱԲСλϢŭ´
£ҲҪٺģҵٹܣҾͲҰôˡ
ŮˣȻץңҾҪôɱҰҿǵŮ־ͶְԭĽĺһŤ±˲ҽУһꡱ˶·Լֱж°㣬Ծرס˫ۡĺɼʹҪ̱˼Ůڵ۵۴С
ġ ӣˣҪˡҵţһ㡣ʹˣ
ﰵп࣬㻹֪Լǵʲôˡδ˵ʲôʧĻһ΢ͷԵļͣȵ
ǼʹСظвԼ֪ظԼȥܼ췣
ͷǵصŮȴôȰǲ
ͻȻĵâһ°вãһͦǰͷ˶ʩص
СĸһӣϣԴ»СչĳһԵǸ
磬ɾýˣεշ·ûĻ㣬תͷ硣
΢㶣˼ͷһůͷʾ⣬ϣ׷ˡֱǳԲѷŮӴͷϣүΪʲô鷳
ĺɣѽɡεĺɵʵ˵һҲ޲ɱŮӣڱϾһִ󣬳εʰˡ
ĺһﲻÿϧոֻһͿҪ˵ˡֻ羹Ȼ׷ˣ˵ʲô｣߻Լӵߡ
ǼϿСȥ¼׷˿æԼͳ
ڼĺɵ书ﻹиղŵ棬Լٲϣ̧Ҳ̧ˡ
¼ǰԼߣĲ£ȥ˿ڵ
С㣬ǧǰ¥ѹʱ
εض֣˵ﳤȥ

ҵǣСƷֱߵĵҲ෱࣬Ŀġεҡӱ߱߿òڡ
ү첻صҪȥǷǧΪֲˡĺЩƵĳ
ʱԡεƲĺɣһЦ
ڻǼǧʱ򣬳εļƻȻȡɣȴûпȫ㶨ӧƻĹؼ
ȻŪȨȴ̫ˡǧɲǺǵ
ĺȻ⣬ȴҲûжʣֻǰظһԡԼҵӣﲻ׵ǣүʲôʱԼ书أ
εѵԱദǲ顣ֻʣʱ䣬ٶ࿴缸ۡ
ͣͣһͣһװԺɫΪûʵĵſڡ
硣εսе
ڡ
ҪҪȥ֬ʲôġ
ԣ̽ͷһͷԼͬѡε˺Ρ
磿εռûӦͷ
ع񣬼Լͷ
Ǿͽȥɡ
ȥվżˣһƹڱϰŽܡ
ƹһпæӭӭӭСҪЩʲô
εտ磬һЦʲôҪ𣿡
ҡҡͷûС
εյüͷһ£ƽﰲֵֻһĹȥҲֻ֪һ˼չûԼ±Լ⣬ƹģõĻɫȫóæʺʲô֬ȻһݾС
ƹһæĵͷӦУȻæСкˣԼȥ̨Ǳ߰ѡɫ
ܣȻ󣬵װĺܾ¡εɨһȦڽһ̨ϡǰ̨ϰڷʮΡһӵĵײһֻӣɫԲºͣԴΡ
εտ˼ۣ
磬ͷôڣֻӴͷϺƯ䡣
ܵĸֵģҲֻˡ
һ㶣ŵԼٵӣĽëڳİӰӰ֮ˮߵŮӣϲú޴ôԡ
εտԾִٲ磬Ц磬ôͷʲô˵ʲôûµʱҲ硣
ȻôĻİû취չһӵİ
ͷСŷٵӣҸЦεտ˰ٸн
ȻŮ֮飬ǸǸмھΣмôĲ벻ھΪԼഺҲһֻǣⱲֻܸ
漴תһ룬ﻹǰο
ˡ
ЩǲǿġεգΪʲôǲס
ү˵ʲôû˵ʲôɵسʵ
εĿһĽ죬Ҹı˵˵Ļס̾Ϣֻеؿ˵˾ûʲô
һҸϲе粢ûзŮӵĲͬһֱԹ۵ĺɿ˶ߣүɫô˵ͱˣ
ԭº͵ıΪ̼룿

 57 

˵ŵôھˡεɻس
ԭڽٶᣬֻĺ;ǻźţ˵䵽ˣ˼ææطؿջ
үҸսӵѩܼҵϢǱ뾡س䡣һأɫص
ʲô£εסﾹֲõԤС
æڣ
һʱѾʧǳء
硢ĺĻ󣬽ǲ첻ѣдɡ
εҲĸ⣬Ҫ֪֮ھͶ߶ǳǶô˷˼ȻѾǿ֮ĩôǧôôʧأ
ֻ죡εͦü£ţ˼ʲôûһᣬֿڵ
ڳʲô
ڳ佫׷ҪȴһҪүȥſ¶ᣬۿ޾ҪʧˣһǱֱȡǣһƣ᧿Σү޳еİȥֿ֣˵
ʲôⲻ𡫣ĺؾĳϡ
εûгֻʾ˵ȥ
һЦ˵ү˵취ȿԻǰȼüֿ֮֮Чҡ
ǲ˰޸ǳΪ⼸ԺֲϣбֿСȥսǽȥĺɲɵ˵
Ҳ޹ǳдȴȫԮڹϣүܾȥǱϲ˶ˡ
˵꣬ĿֱӵؿԼҵӡһӵϢͿӱ޵ĸ³б䡣
үϽȥɡ
үĺɸһڣȴֹʾҪš
ε絣ǵĿ⣬ֿˣ˼˺һᡣ
ȻһǱ߻ϼ죿
⼸춼岻ʣûϳζ໹ܳ졣
죡ôεһ㶣ﲻһ꣬ԭȵļƻٻҪʮܰźãֻ죡
ڻȥô죿ȥǼǳصİô죿
ε˿Լ侲Ȼû취ͷ
ʱ򲻿ܵġôֻǱˡ
ε˼˺һι⣬˵䣬ҵȻһ⣬ҵлȥôύٶҪ졣
ĺɣȻᶬȾͷ¡Ҫҹ̽ʹ
磬ȥ׺װҡҪȥ
үʱˣô
ĺһͷҪȥֹӣЩ΢ʡ
һֵ塣εһǳ
һȥҲȻ˲һȥϢй¶Ϊ˵߾ƽ绹ÿֳذæС
ĺһ⣬ЩæǸ
ˣҲ˵ˡʱǿȥ׼εû˼ϾҲҪ˽ֻ֣ĵ˾
үҪʲôʱȥ
졣ȻʱȫҲֻжһˡ
ɻǱߡ¶ɫ
߻ϣ䡣εһۣصЦݡ
󣬻гϷʵ˶ڴЩ˻ʲôأ

ߺ󣬳ε·ȥʱȾϢ
Ļظεﲻ˸ᡣ
Ȼ鲻ƹӵκȾ˵ƵǼٵģҲֻܲ鵽⣬ΪͼǱķʱ㱻˰㣬ܽûмˣǶԷû䣬ọ̈û취Ű벽
ȻܿɣǳεǴȰ·£ϾǰҪѽϵļƻ߶Ⱦ󣬳εͺ綯ȥ˽Ȼȴ˸գĹ˵ֳغȥУεطּæǸȥ
УλڹΧΧһƬɳǧƥǽ
ǻʳǼұפӪأмұѵƽ׹ĻӺҲϰ
Уڣֳһ¿ס緢Ӣ˻ɵѵʿ
ελڰһСᣬֳʿԭϢԼҲ߿㼱æ
ֳؽѻأԼǲɫ߻Ӫʡ
Ӫڣֳؼһװһ㶣ûļѣͱεȥ˵Ļŵ䡣
εգ㾿ʲô
ָһȫ
̫ðˣ̶죬ܡ
ֽ˵ĳһĵ㾲ͺáһѻ齻ϡֻҪʱ³֮Ҫƽ硣εĻŵ
û⣬ֻǡ
ûͺãˣ˵ҲˣôûˣεܣûзСӰɻس
ɽĺ档ֳһû˼ά㶵
ôͦеġεºһЦĳɼ
ֳؿ飬⣬ΪʲôȴҲ˵
ֽҲȸˡεҲֳػ˵ʲôҾ꣬ʹæ˳Ӫʡ

̺ߵľĵԵ羵ˮ£õ硣
εԶԶؾͿи˾֮ϣں֮£ϣһĹ⻪
ȻУȺ󣬳εһ˻ǸӰֻһ֮ңʱͣ£ͷɰ˯࣬Ц
£մݣûסıӡЦǣֻüͷȻͺСһһգɰģóεЩһɨա
εҲ׽Ū
ѡ
ûѣε
ΪӦҪõʱĽеʹ
Ȼصɴ˫ۣεϷʵã
ãһ²ΪҪУһŮװ硣
ε͵ı飬Цĺÿɰ
ɰ޷ƣͷһں顣
ô⣿㡭δ˵Ļȫ
̫ɹķε˱̫飬ʧȥ
ǡſǴƵѪ㣬εЦãҪҪٸ
ûһ̵ɣŰɵ鿴⡣
ҪĴ˿ôǿҡĳҾòټįΪ㣬ˮȤҵĮǰǿЦķ˵ϲҵʱҾͶģҲǸЩ
˵ⳡƵĴԽΨһĺôϵֵܵܡ
ǵһƬհףĺÿ죬쵽Ϊ¿̻ķ֪ʲô̸֪ҪһԶԶһ
ߵصͷεЦٴθĴʲôҲ룬ֻ뾲ű˴˵İס
ȶġ
һǣˡ
һǣȴ̵ˡ

 58 

ôɵˣεЦĿŸոջֹȴһ͵ǲɫȴѱһůװġ
Ѹ˵Ķ˵ˣԼĹԼڵݼĿǰеļƻΪԼ޵ĲԼʱһůÿһ
ѵεôεȻֵ֪󣬱ϾֳҲΪݲŴӦֵģֻû뵽Ҳ֪
ǰܽҽʱ˵Ůε⻰ʮ͸״Ԫ£ҽʮ껹ʶ˼ءû뵽ôˡųݺ˷ܣ
ڸô㣬үգ
ǰһɡεЦŲ۽ǵ顣
ʱȻǸţ˸ĸԼУζǲģļ֡εҲò˶ˡȻȤԼ磬ϾǸ19꣬һжŸ𲽡19ꣿ
εһ뵽ʲôɫ΢䡣
ͷ֡뵽ղŶԼ˵ĻﻹǾúѹ
ﾭһ굽ͷûڼңһֱΪĵҲ²ߣԿֻһҲ֡û뵽
̧Ϸˣﰵ¾
εգʲô߰ݡ
ؤҲȥַĻᶨĻش
εһ㶣漴Цˣ̲סضıӡΪΪѣû뵽Ĵ𰸡
βϲԭ֮⣬Ȼ㲻ţȴʵ۲ݡϲһԼСǰ붼û顣
ֻڿСŵɣεʱԼĵЩġ
§뻳ǳŵ˵ǸȤˣ˵ʲôĻһܺãõ᲻뿪ҡ
˳ӵĻоԶ
̧ͷĿתؿԼŲײᡣ
ȴ°ͷǰŹκοദĻᡣ
Ļ䲻ȴܶˣʤκ
ͻȻεȫɢɱ֮Ϣոһ档
̧ͷһȴûǺ֮ǰһĿԼҲֻղŵʱ
µ飬ȴδԵעʱɫѴ䡣
̺ܵϵͷѾܿƵˡ
һΣΣģȵҺ塣
سţ뱻үԼӡ
ԼǸү
²ԼϵӣС
·ܸܵһԼ顣
һȴˡ
Լ˫ۻųµĽ֣Ǵ̵
õգۼ飬Ϊʲô
ͻȻ΢ĽŲ
ת̧ͷԼүĿתעԼŵǺ
翴ǰԼĽգãˡ
εսΪʲôҪޣ
Ļȴĸףʵ
Ҳ֪
Ĳֻ֪֪һʱĵ͵֪˲֪ܡ
̧ۣĵӳԺ֮ǰΪԼΣһ˲䣬
ȴſĵ񣬳ε̾
֪ղһֱվڲԶʲôͻȥۻһ˹վںߣ¶ıӰɲǼЩܡ
ܽܵĸ飬ȴҲ˺ϲһˣϲһеҲҪǸߣҪ
εգһ㣬Ҳи
ֻȴΪˡ
Բ𡣡
ʵ˵⻰ıס
εȴûоܾʲôҲû˵Լ
ӵĻʶаȫţһжξаĲʵ
ɢıǶˣҡҷţһ̾Ȼ˵ĵĴ
еӣӵĩ˴ģۡ
ᣬֻôһء
һΣҲΨһһΡ
ϡǶߣǰĺĻҹȿɼŵ°׵ľ
εڴǰ
֮Ҫʼˡ
ڣЩ΢ЩѹŽϢĸо
ͷͿӢ磬ͷ֮󣬾ûǰ¶ϲͺߵı飬̵ֻζʹġ
лһƬûĺȻȴûǰľˬɷ㲣΢˫ϡԿ޹ĺۼ
εնɱҲΪĹϵֻȴס
սӲʱ߽ˣĺ붬Ⱦε˿
Ŷ˵ô
ĺҾ˵֪ˣͬʱĸָү


εһЦסתۿȾڵ
ô
ȾӻͳһƱӣȥ
εһһ㶣תΪȣǲɫĺϲӡ
εЦһĸĪ⡣

 59 


ĩƲŨİƻɢȥ
ȻȣǽҲܵˬ
εһվڷӧĸۡǰ档
ŵ΢Щꡣ˼
ֻĺһˣ첽̨ףŴſڵļ˵
鷳ȥͨһ˵εá
ڶſģҲǼˣһε֣ȻǣҲҵ˰ȥԼȥ֪ͨԼҵӡ
εһĺɣ񣬶Ĵ
ڵһᣬͼشһŮڼС˵ӵ߳
ӧһĹˣ޽³г޳Ρо֣ϹǶǵЦǷ٣˿𣬿ʹڼܣӢ׿Խ
εֵѾźۼİ´˸ףͬΪŮӣǲܷϵıԼҪƯࡣ
ӧԼͬʱҲϸϸشˣֻǶԷݵ̬ƲʲôĶӧһĥ󣬻δھǰŮӳ
εգйӡΪƾǰֻͷ̸ʽס
ӧɨһŮϵӡ£ݻǰŰɡתףεС˵Ľʲô˼
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ºõʶε͵Ŀ΢΢һЦ漴ҲϻϽ⡣
ͷ֪»һŻ顣
ӧԣһ㶣漴ܿȥɫ
ǲס
εܲ˵ӧҲûףʱȣɹʡ
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ָ
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εһԭ»֪ѾǻΣڵϦˡ
ӧǺεٳ۾Ϭšε֪ҪȡԼԲ
ûиӧ˵Ļᣬŵ⣬֮Զ֪˽Ķսս꣬·ͷһʱ޶ȻԶ꣬һȴҲܿŶµ
˵΢΢һ٣ӧɫתεּǵȴ֪һṦΰҵǹǵıѾʳѰˡֻ֪иսķӧȴ֪֮˵֡£˵ǻϣô룿
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⻰һӧɫ䣬ͻվŭλ֮£δεݵúݹֱˡ
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Сεտģͨ޾ϸнղŵĻ˼֡
ε࣬ղ̫ʧ񣬻ȥǻλȷ޷Ƿ֮룬εܵԭίһⱾ֮󡣡
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һתӧסյƣǫ͵εһ
εһЦ֪ԼĻһۣԹžԶɣ¼ûжλ֮ģǷâ̫һ顣򣬵ƹź󹬴ȨҲѾǶ⳯󹬶ڵСǻϣҲĵΪǲҪӦϴƹأ
˵꣬εҲӧķӦֻҡӣһеǡ
ӧȴǵ˿ﾪδ˷תͣ
Ҫɱ֪÷ӧӿһŭö겻ֻ֪Ľ㣬ȴǸ֪ʲôʱĲģô淴֮ġ˵ֳΪԼִ·ˡ˽ģȴδй֮ġĸ󲻸ûܻ
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εһЦԱ˵ָס
ȷǲܽˣֻһᣬͷҲˡε˵Ļ벻ףΪʲôҪЩԼΪʲôҪ
εΪҪﱾֻߣָĻԼεкθϵ
ӧ䱻˵ķңǾһ룬ҲɵؿߡԼεմδйͻȻԼ˵ⷬͼѵΪŻ鲻ɡ
ʵˡεһ򣬿ɵȴɫһߵֳ֮ĶԹѾáµ»ҪΪá
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ĺվһԾţ췴Ŀӧˣֱ⻰˵ľʡ
ӧһΪѣȴѾͬĻ
뵽ʱ˵Ļӧֱӵε˳ҲʧˡԵƬ̣ȥ鷿д»飬εԸ֪ڶܡ
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ү൱ģǽڷ︮ɫ򶨡ӡŮŪڹ֮䣬תΪݣܸǵߣĸ
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үô֪ŮѾԷӧɱġǲĸŮ𣿡
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ε˵ԼͷʲôɫӦҪƷӧ췴ˡ˵һϯѾڷӧ˳޵Ļҩըֻǳ顣
ӦֳصҲˣҵĻԼϡ
ӦҲˣ˽Թ˲Ͼû⡣
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ֻô
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ĺɼûٿڣҲšֻǾؿżµӡﰵ˼ţδʲôȴ֪ô顣еƻʲôʱźõģ
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 60 

һȹ׺飬ϲʲôװ磬ֻźױС˸һɰС٣һϸӨ˸ںеķҲ
Сϸţֱ˷ͭҿĿۣԽԽƯˡ
𣿡ֻǵӦһԵЩĲɡ
СĿһЦūſɲ˵ѡɫһã˾Ͳһˡ˿˾ʹϲѹֶҲżҪϽȢˡֻǿϧʲôʱ򷢲ðʱ򷢲ļʱ
ƲһۣѵɫЩ˵ġҴɵնȥΪǽԴ²ءԺҲ˵ˣȻ˭Ҳ㡣
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˰Σ۵׵Ĳ콥תΪ˼ͻȻڣ㼸顣ɵʵش𡣡
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һһСӣĻӸǰϽ˵ڳǰ˵Щ强׼׼Ȼūȥ

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תһ룬Ҳֻεĵͷ
¼״æС˹źԼȥ
С˽ݺܿʹԡҪ׼Ķ
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ǰˣͰ͵á㣬㣬㡭ôô
첻˵ôֻһû뵽㵹һ
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һʹ˳εһ
˵ˣεæӴϸơ
˫ֳԡͰˮУӣײ۵Ķͷսŵеáȥ
εһ㶣æ˼ûײģ
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ڣͻȻĬһƬãεԸεĿڣǾͺãϴģҲ㡣˵ױ̨ǡ
ˮУӰԶˣԡˮ̽ӣһԸµİ£һȫʪˣǸղŴʪġ
Ҫϴ·Ĵˡ
ô찡

 61 

εױ̨ǰɨܣڶķ䣬ϴĴæûϿһķ䲼õļΪ£ֲʧ󷽣֮¶ȴǴš뵽ӵˣҲдƤƤ֮µĴϻۣȴҲǲźۼġ
εɵǰѵñ뺶ʧЦ
ܽԼϲѾϲ˹ȥˡ
£ֻҪƺǾͿԶһˡ
ֳظղ˫ֽӹʱ龰εͲпǧ
ΪűֽҲǸ˲˰ӣ֪ϲԼߡ
ǲϵĻ
أڴһˮĻ˳ε˼
ǳЦĿʱ򰡣ɸ˳ԡˡ
һתεױϣϰһĴĺɰһ
εŪеĺɰԽԽü
ĵʲô
¾ҪˣεҲûϳʡ
ǵ˺һᣬȴδεЩĵվ߽⣬Ằá
ʪİ£ԥҪҪεһͷϵӰߵһϽһ

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û˵ûƵ˵ĵطεֲĵ˴Ρ
ûûСһŵĶԼСϲϼ
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ˣȴ˵峺ǴĿ
ε˳ǣŻ
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εһ㶣ȴЦˡ
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ҵſȥֵͷԼѾʾߵĶڳε
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ӣ׼𣿡վڷ⣬һǡСӳԿһ᷿ûʲôǡɹˣ˸æŲù̵̫ãֵáѾˣ׼𣿡
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ĺİ޾ɵĿͤĻ԰ʯ·һȥıӰԽ죬һԹ̵Ļعа̾ԼĴſںͻȥˣôܻءĻӷ˻ᣬֿʼӶǰʱԼͱȵ龰ԼͱˣǲǴԼѾˣֲԾĿʼ̡
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Ц˵ѡޣĸ˵Ҫ˭ͼ˭ˣԼ
һįӣѹӵĻɲԼѡõĻƴԼȻʲôܶпܷѾ̫ˡ
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ô˵Ҳʪ۾幤Ҳ̫ᡣԽ𣿡
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ܹ裬ֽ˺һᣬ۴⣬ʱ䣬飬ʱ䲻ˣȻȥˡ´㡣Ϣɡ
Ҫߣһᡣкܶ໰Ҫءתһ룬ԺкܶᣬҲûȥ
Ȼ鲻֪ǣһ𣬵ٺʱȴ⾰ˡ

 62 

εϵĻƲ̾ⶫ֣ҲҲǡǴαֻöȾ̽ʹû뵽͵ôҪĶ
λگ顪Ů۵־ͷ
ŮܾˣŮ֮νΪ˱ǧԶλ֮սɡͷӧ㾡ͷҲֻһաε̾ңȻû
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Ļε⣬ȴҲû˵ʲô
ͷŷڵĶˣɨͷתͷʰеҡ
ε̾˼ۣʲôû˵İתأĺɺͶȾȥˡ
һߣڰ쳣羲ĿԼʰңһᣬŲ˫ִͷͳһС򿪺иǣӵĵײһֻӡ޳ָϻӷУˮ
ҵˣôܻῴ㱻۸
磬Բίˡ
磬ͷôڣֻӴͷϺƯ䡣
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ҪǵãյԶһϯ֮ءղḺ磬Ҳκ˸硣
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εķӦûţǰˣǲŽһ绪
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ô£ӵôľˣ

 63 

᷿ڣŵζԽԽŨң֮͸֮е׺ջ
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εһЦҲϡȴȲѣкɷŮӿ򵥡
˵ˣε໹ҪԼ𣿡ǧǳǳЦǣζע¶ǵɱóεһ
ҵε϶Ҳֻ֪ʾ䣬ε˴ǰΪΣ峺ֱǧֱӰѻᵽ̨
ֱӣǧްε޾ӣһЦصԭǴ͹˵ģֻѾûҪˡ̧ͷǧķӦֱԼͷԼĻͳǱگ飬ಢ޶⣬ҲżȻ֮뽻Сס
ǧ꺮ۣ²εĴ㣬ǱƲӵݹҲӹһɫش䡣ֱ󣬾¶˿Ц顣
ۣǧԼúú˼²С
ߵӷǧصڿվİ˽ͤУһĿһޱ飻һﺧȻһ
εôܸңضɡ
εȻǲɫȴǴ˿Էǧ᲻ӦһնûУôǴӦˡ
εЦһҪǧСæ
˵
ϣСԾֹս·Ϳ̿ʧ޼ҿɹ顣ƽǷӦġǶ׼·ȽϺá
ǧͷ⡣û뵽Ҫʵ˵Ҳĳ棬ҲӦġ
̧֮ˣ˵ɻ;ǼٵģôҪĶôϣķӡȷģΪʲôԼżȻ֮ûô򵥡ҲбӦگ˶ϣǲùˡ
ǧ΢΢ЦľãȴƫƫѾɼ
һ˼󣬷ǧ꿴ͷᶨ±Ե
ôСˡεУ뵽ղŷ飬ɵؿʵǧСǡ
ĺɺͶȾһĻԼղΣѾûг֣Ǳסˡ
ǧԣ⣬𴽵εƬߵͷһб֪
εЩʲôȴСѾ߽Ϊ·Ҿ˷ǧˣСźϵʯ·ǰȥ
ǧʧںߵӰ߾þòȥ߷ƱõƲʣǧﲻЩǣҪˡ
εմ˾Ǻ⣬ĿǰԼһæͷ侲˼ܣɫͫľɫεվȻңЩ⡣
ͷĹ£䵱߿һֱĬʱɷ磬ܿΪԼѡź°
ֻһЦδӦ߿ǰĺ˼ƮԶ
⣬ǣҵľǼܵܣ֪СóԸεն»ԼʱǴΪġó̻ؼʱȴ¥εӡ
뵽ΣɱĶ𡣲˭ǲκ˷СҸ
ǧ͹Ǹܵɢɱ˶Կһۣ˸ղ⣬תµע

 64 

εС˴սǾɫʯС·˲ߣεĴţ·߶ЩĲݴˣڸ·ϡܿ·μΪת䴦ʾʯ壬ʯ廨Ƽϸ£
ƹһ䣬һ
ֻǰһСɵͥԺǽߣͥԺΧҰŭţɫ涷洫һöޣȴ̲סȥС
εһüЩϤ
С˰쵽ſڣſڣͨ
ܿ죬ŴˣһԼʮߡҵӣò㣬ͺ࣬ȴʲôֻò˵εС㣬
εȻô֪Լݵģ־⻰ʵĶࡣ
Ӳδֻͷ·˽÷䣬ﾹһһߵߵֽһԺӡ
εһԺӣͿһͤͤΧ滨ݡ
ȵǣͤΧмֵĿ϶һ峺ˮˮյһֱ׵ĳӣӵˮͦżɫĺɻɫĺҶȻˮƯš
εٶһԭͤһڵ١
һذ׵ĳڷĳһڣһֺڷԺ
ε٣ִ˵ı׼ľҲδĳ
Ȼд׿Խ˿רעٵȴһζȻоìܵмּ
˳ȥεƬ̣Ҳֹͣƽˡ
ˣһӸߴʯ֮
εȻǸճͫôӷƹġѹϤ
ƹӣҵ⣿εҲǲȷĻһֱԼӦû
⡣Ӳֻ˫Էϣزҡ̬ΪУȴ䵭
ʲô֮Ӻɷ°˴أεСʡǶ˶вɼ֡ټ϶Ⱦϴξ鲻κϢӲҵġ
СǸ֮ˣɤ
ʲôεЩĻôͻȻ˵ˣ
ûϻػǵ˼Ƭ̣˵ϴС;ϯδµء
ʲô˼Ǵ˵˳˰
ӳĬֻȪ㶣˵
ü˵¡
ε˿˫ϣܵһֿɬ޿κεĸо
ιͣε۾ȻĿڵ
ӿ˼磿
һ٣ʱĴ̶
εһۣ˵Ƿкܶ¶ɼȴ޿κΡҪıȴΪһζӱȴֻԼݵԽã֪Ǻá
̶仺ʧ
Щ߳ģһʱӿͷĹͬ˵ĴÿЦǴԽģͬ١
ӺȻվӭɣݵĿȥЩį
С㣬ɷΪ´ӡ
ε⣬ô֪ԼᴵӣƵ֮ĻôԽԽԶˡ
εüΪܾȳĺǣҲʲôû˵óĶ̵ѣһ״Щ˼˸Ӵӿл
ӣѵ˵Ҳ˼
һ㶣һۣ۾ɢ⾳
̤ƬѾʮ꣬Ϊѵ˶Լļ䣬ΪѾϤݣΪ԰ѹȥڷ¥һжǡȻ˼һͷĴ̣ʱʱҹ˾ʱͷʹ
˼ڿɢӷ·ֻص˺ܾúܾǰ
εԺгֵǸڵǰ˫ֵԼʵޡ΢΢пˡ
ԭ˼ʹָоʹ飬ʹһ㴭һһʴ飬ʱʱôһµʹ
һֱΪѺ쳾⣬۹磬ΪΪκ˹һϧʼǸˣʼն㲻ĳЩľ
ǧûпģǼõġȴǶǸˡ鲻ġżįŲġ
һһ÷˸ӣŰ˵ζ
յʱԸʵڵŬģ䣬ֱڲ¥ĵǷգϤĳŬüٴεչǰȻ˲ǰˣɼ仹Ǿòȥз¥Щӡ
⼸һֱ˼˼Ǿ䡰ӣȴûꡣ
û꣬Դ̤Ƭصһ̣ûꡣԼ࣬ȴּѪǵһ͸ˡȴʣȴ֪ԼЩʲô˼뵽ӣ뵽Ůӡ֣һζԷǧҪֻΪԼһ档
Σ
ϵı齥ָӺ޽۶һ۳εˡ
һͣĿռ侹Եð쳣
εѶ̵ѹһص䣬˼ҪοˣȴͻȻ
С㣬ɺã
ε㵣ⶼĸİ
ӵٵѵڵӵ˼άԾʽİ
ٴޱĿС㣬ɺã
ƾòҪ뿪ⲻһ仰顣
ε²͸𣬵һǷǻһٵĿʣεǴʵ棬
л̧ܱǸ
Ҫôвʡѵ
ǺǣòȲ飬Բ繫ӡ
ΪΣ
ϲңֻǵϲšҵҵòҵϲϲһҲҪҵߣºϧԸһˣײ롣һֻһģѾĸҵҲװ±ˡ
ε뵽ֹ񲻽ᡣ
ԣɫһһģŵôҲװ±ô
ˣӵȻɫȴ޸ղǰ硣
¥
ʲô⡣
·¥ӿȻĳεϣСԼǵҵ֡
ɽ¥εʶ˵䡣
ζһЦ¥СĻѾſڵȺҲûΪǡ
εһ㶣ʱ⣬ЩʲôȴͻȻһղֳԣ˸ƣε״ҲգĿѾﵽ뿪Ƿ֮Ϊá
ǰһ۷¥ԼòǺ߳
ͫǲǾҸɵ¥ɬ˵
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̾˿֪ͫϲԳ
ӣҪˡµĻѶǱҲƵƵŴߴ١
Ҫ˵ˡ¥Ļһʾȥ
ͫ״˸ȥǰĿһԼӡ
ͫһߣԺӾֻʣһˣͷղվλã¥ŵǷﾹʼõȫİӡ
ͷһ˦ָоǿӣǿŲиעҪӡҸδ̤Ƭصʱͳ
ѾȴһεնĿô
ЦǿЦ
ĺһд˵벻¥ʵ̫аˣôȥȻͶȾɱȥˣ޴ɵš
ͻȻš֨ѽһ죬ĺɺͶȾεȻµ߳˿
үҪʲô飬һл
үû°ɡĺһ첽ĵϸϸ顣
û£ǻȥɣεǶ˶û£ҲɿӴкɻͷѾӰ
ЩƵİͷתأǰʾһȥ
󣬳ε۰󿿡ԼҪĺú췢С
ǸͫģԼ󶼲֪ʲôϸչ۲ĸִŮӣǷ¥ֵʲôˣͷǧʲôϵ
зǧ꣬˾Сǽ죬·֪Լһ㣬˾ƵԼšǸͫҲŵġǣǺ⣿
үǧǣźˣĺɵĻ˳ε˼·ۿһۣءһ˼
Ȼ鶼ԼԭԤǰ㷢չܾЩطԾʲôط˵
εۣȾϻؿջ֪ͨ磬ǽҹߡ
벻׵ĵطԻȥ룬£˵ѾܾΪ롣
ȾһͷʩչṦ뿪
үǽȥĺɼȾߺתͷֱԼҵӵ
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 65 

վ΢΢ķ΢ĺڷ

תӯӯ˸

һϮŽߵĵԵָ߹
վʲôأ
ӵУ˵ʱϻůůЦݡ
ѲǵҲѧ˼ˣЦߵԺʯ¡
Ļ˸죬ղŵȷԼ˵Щ
ҪǸСô֪ĵϸӿʵ
һҶ֪Һܺõġͷ
˶֪ݣֻ֪ľˡ
ŮӦòֻô򵥰ɣһӽ£˵ǩ»ˡ
΢΢һЦᶨĳ
˭ҶԲҪֻԶһ𡣡
Ӹ˸ԼĹ䣬ʯϵĲǰĿձϲϱӣָԴأ
ġ֪ͱ˲һԵӣƶ˵
ˣŮһһ
̾бҪɵӿʵ£ûҪרһ顣
֪ŮӽԱңҲȢˡ
ɫ˥򰮳ۣŮ˶һġ
ĻͷָŪԼ½ǡȻϺܴǸҲǵһСǿ˼λļį¾ҪһݶԼĸ顣
˵˱ˣԼôأίȫΪ飿
ֻ֪Ҫһ뵽ᷢ飬;Լܣǧİܡ
ԵʱһС˻Żææү
ôôײһضûС̲סüͷʲôôš
Сһ⻰æ񣬡ūһʱˣ˷ִ硣ү˵Ůˣͽ˵Żء
ôˡ΢΢һЦǣ֣ߣһȥ˵Щʲô
ţһ˿վڴڣ̧һ۾ͿԼϤӰ
һµ¶һҫҲᱻԡ
ֽԸһߣεЩĿŶںȲֳء
ʵ˵ΪҪѷ˵УϾʮĶӾߣҪû뵽ôˬĴӦԼҪ
ֳؿһۣ±ӣ̾飬⣬ЩҶҲԸ⣬Ҳ͵͵ɡ
ѾǧҵĻŪֶ֣ء
ε΢΢һֳһЦ㡣
ԭǴ̸£ϱֱˡȻӦˣԼʡȥ鷳
ֳЩ΢СƲſڣӰ¶ȻЦݣվп
Ϊ˸ĸߣϣԼĺҵùޣҸһ
ֳԶǰͣ£ɫ
С㣬ΨһĶӣСҴ籦Ҫ߿ԣֻϣܸҸŵ
ŵ
εһ㶣ʵ˵ЩԼҪǻʮıߣⱲӶû档񼸾仰ܽкη
ε뵽⣬ЩھΡվĿתӣ
ǸҪô˱һˡҸŵܱ֤ǡ
ֳأεᶨ˵
һһһ˫ˣҳε
ֳȻû֤Щ΢ʣǼһƬ̹ϣǰοҲֻղΪԼݡ
Ц⣬תſڴ͵Ӱ¶Цݣһ

һ㶣һֱ֪͵ѹǻĸж΢ʪ۽ǣޱĿǶԵ˵
ڿԻشղŵˡҲϲϱˣñ˴һ취Զֻһ
˵꣬ŵһЦǸɫӰɱȥ
һ㶣ǣһĨЦĴߣǸɵӣ
ҡҡλΣֳصҲһҡš
ոռһԼĶľͳһ֡
ԶˣˡȵؿԵŮӣ֮Űʹ
һߣ֪ʱܼһ档ʱֳӣÿʧĵط
ѹˡ߱Ҫȫһڣĵ̾˿ǶѾ֪ȥȻҲŮӵݡֻǲ⣬ǵʲôʱʶģʧһô
ϣεǸˣ𹼸һ⡣ֳ̾
ҲãԶǷǷǡϾԼҲˣεһڣŴӦˬ졣ҲΨһˡ
ˣղŹεպ˵ʲôˣֳƲԵĶӣƵ
ǰͻȻһ˵Ҫúûһ˵ҪεպúýѶ˷ֱͬĽ˽
ֱֳߵºһЦֻǾεҪúöԴ۸Ҷ
һȴǽһЦֻǸҪʱΪǿҪԡϾεյݣȥǣҲŵġ
û˵ǣ˳ٺñδȻԺԿ
ֳοԼԵɣӹƾǸġ
򴽣ֳüﾡǵǣȥǸ򣬵̾кһȥ
ڣĨ˵Ӱ
ڳεϣ˫ֻུ̧ӦⱲֻһ˵ġ˵ҪŶ
εһЦûӦϸǣٽ§
˵ĳһĵ
Ķһ飬·еȫ̼侹ûЩ߰Ļĥ䡣
ˣղɣ˵ʲôε뵽ղȥǰΣĳ
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εⷴӦΪǸӼĻ𣬲˼˵Ҳûˡ뵽ǸղӶԼ˵Ļ
Դûмʲôն̫ΪֻҪԼ˸ԵõȵĻرⲻ֪뷨ǿжɡȻôһֱôţֻҪһݶԼĸ飬㲻Ҫ
ٲԸµĻ£ȴΪ˲ǵģװһĵӡǱį벻ȴǸۡ
Сһһһ˫˵ĳŵϣ˵Ī麮ģһֻһģȫ㣬ԣ㲻Ҫ˺ġ
ڳεĳʱͷֱ̽ЩţԼԺ󶼿Ժһʵ
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δ˵Ļȫ˲ࡣ
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ι󣬳εͨСһ㣬һһḺ㡣
ӵĻԼĶߣ̵ӳԼ
ȫ˵ֻ֪Լôļֵõ˻ӦоԼģǵģģҸĸоͷ
εذӵ뻳У̾㳤ɡ
ʲô㶵Ӧ
εɵӣ۵οЦ⣬Ϊӵķ緶ǰ󲻶ĺӡԼҪʱˡ
ָоϲҲе㱻ͬˡ
үǵˡ
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ǽȥȥİ
³ǽϻҽһЩǾ뿪
ͷϲ֡ǻһֱһ
ϲһתޱȶˣε̲ס͵͵ĴǣδӦʱƿ
ԼգһðֵץסҲ
һվȱ㿴һ˫Ьӣϣӳһŷǳӵӡ
ӿ΢΢һ㶣ܿӵʹ㡣
ǣŮӵ䣬
εһ㶣û飬˼ҪοڣѾȳ
磬үү
£εԣһ٣Ŀֱ硣
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ԼݶλϣֻԻݳߣѵ¶ֻΪԼЩеͷ
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һԼϲˣһϧˣεݺѹԼͷӿϵǹ벻γս
յȭͷĴ˿̵ķŭ
þŰεյʶѹȥ󣬳εûʱڵء
ֳһƬңǰһʶҵĽ֣Լȴı

 66 

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žƱϸϸǳãò׵Сңһңòڡ
Ȼŵˣһüͷһͷ󺹣ԵγԱȡ
شˣʱˣôȾư¹취ɡ˵֮˼ͷǺĿŶ֮еĺȾơ
ǳЦ±ӣĿڣ
ˣ»δɶ˽ӹɡ
ģĲ㣬㵱Ȼ˵ɡ
Ӣݺһ飬ҪͶ·ϲ󵽺Ȼˬһżģڵ
ش˰ֻܾ¹˰̲Ҫˡ¹پͿû·˰
̧ͷ˵ˣҲʱ䡣
һӣڵļСļ״ǳʶ˳
ݺٳ꣬Ϊٴı׼Ӣãһ̰ᣬ̰һ °ӣСҪүıӣ˲°ٴˡεһֲᣬҪǣҪǿ϶ģԼα˻ˮ
ȥڲŲæ
Ŵˣô
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ӢĻ亹ֱЩ̰ס°ӵһûٸɣһ汻붼롣
һЦЩԼֻ˼ֵֻͨ
شˣεϳʵǲ˴ССʮԱϾ󲡳˶񡣴ﵱʱͽû뵽ᵹһˡϽ˼СԱʾͣΣֻεһسֱǿˡź¶ɫϾͷԼһأʱ͵Ŀǿżֵǵҹ顣
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Ƕ캦¸ɶд˱ӦӦõġⱨӦˣҪΪүˣΪ͢ЩˡεҪǣּɡ
˼˻ᣬ¶Զ˵ĲмװһΪѵĿŶˣ
±ǰĪǶ֪ϴ鷿ѾּεȫȨƹܳȨ֣ΡټҵⲻүǺվͬһôүүˮݶ꣬ôŹܳͷ󻼵ĻᣬεȨǮүɱ⡢ⲻҲλʵΪĵ̾
Ѿѵеϵĺ͸ˣֻԼ̫̰ᡣȻԼǶһϵģǸɶٻԼҲ㲻ʲôù٣ͷûʲô¡Ϊ˴һĵˮ©⣬˭ץסİѱ
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Ӣ촽΢شˣѵûа취
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һߣӢסˣĲסڷضȲιû뵽취ͻȻƣ͵ͣ²ӣ
Ŵˣҿֻһ취ˡ
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һᣬźƲһۣҡҡͷ˷С
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źôŪҲķңʵ˵ɵЩ¿ûӢ٣һʮͷġָүָԼУΪԼ׼ú·С
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ˣǸǸɴһݣҪҲεղʹ졣źһݣѹһһ
ʲô˼Ӣһ㵣Щ˼
ź˹ָʾѶչ
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εٴʱѾǸĻƻ衣
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Բûҹ·ֻ߽һվѡһ
ƽ޹ʵεԼ˵ʣεҲֻ̫ƣΪڶˡ
վڷ⣬¿գε˵ĸӡ
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ԼȥһҪϲ磬ίԼٺúֲˣһٵĶɱô
ε뵽⣬ﲻꡣεյʵʵڵĸܵˡǲףƾʲôŭ԰ԼĻǴҲµľ档ı˺ѹԼһɵģֵ˭
˵Լزȥˣûй⣬ǡ
ʲôδ룬
ϻﲻ𣿡
ŹػСӳεԼûʲô£ֻЩۡϢһϾͻõġ
΢ֹóεЩдûֻһô飬Խġ
ˣĿȻͳԷˣӰʳεԼӰ쵽ת˻⣬Ц
⻰촽΢ལЩ⣬ߣ˵ҿҲŹײġҲ˼һᵣİ
ε⻰ЦˣԼ˵˵ǹײӲС
üЩʹģóεԭƵҲǰ˿ɰģʱɢ
εղܵ˺һ⵫ͬΪıԼһɣˡ
ĵ֣ʵһҲʹǰ˽Ц⣬Ҳ˿
ĿתĿȴͻȻĳϸСʱȫ
֪ʲôȻ극Ҹ桪
ڳε˵ĵڣȴͻȻųεбԾ𣬶㵽ľ棬ಣƿյʱǵǡľȫǼ𶶶
Ȼε죬飬飬ײһ
εֻһƬϸĶȾĺɡںͼ˵ֿ
غɱԲУɱһԣһڣӡ
׷ˡεæסϵĺɡ
ʱվͻȻӲԼпڽСˣٱˡ
һν֪ԣεϣȵĺɣȥ׼Ⱦ㵽涢磬ȥʰҪ죡
˵꣬˶ʼͷ£һ˸ҹ

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εĺɣҡͷ
Ҳ֪ȻһˣϢᡣ
˵ͷļϣҺ۰
ƣʱ۲ѡ˿˸ԿĸƣȻ§úϢ
ĺɼ״ԭҪʵĻҲɵ˻ȥתͷ˵ȴѾûӰ
ĺϵĲ붬ȾһͷϳٻͷۣүѾļͷ˯ţҲͷôϢ
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¿ε۾˵ӱҲã˵Ҳաô̯ӣǺòײһĲٺ֦ڡ
ڽϵ飬εһ뵽⣬͵һûж˵ֻǲġ
һʼǻɷӧϸһ룬ֲòԡ
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ԽԽĵĳεûзԼƣʱȴеǰһڡ
׼붫ˡҪٲúϢҾ͵˯ѨˡͷϷЩԹ
εһ㶣ͷӿһ⡣
ԭԼûӹ۾
ŸԼ۾ϵС֣ε˵á
⣬쳣
Ĭ磬ɢһֹ¶ĸоͷϳĶȾȴק˫ֱԶǰһͷСʻɳۣȴޱ顣żһʹҲֻԼ֪޾ĵǡ
ĺɿŶ˵ĶˣҲûгɨĲԾԼ˼
ҹ˸Լ˼ﵽ

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صʱƽһʣѺڰռ֮ǡ
үصվſڵС˿ˣһɿ˹һϽܽͨ
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үǡѩӰڿͬʱЩĳ
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˭תͷԵŮӡ
εֿ𡣲Щͷһģôˡ
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εǺ÷һûȢǱִһںεأЦЦĿж˶ĳĻҩζ
ңһæתͷϸվǰӡ
Ҳ⣬ĿֱӵؿصĴ̽
˻వԽֳ̾նʱ΢
һԵѩӰһ˵æʼԲүȱվˣȻظɡ
εһۣ̾
ҾȲȥˣֱӽϡôѳɡ
Уҷ䡣һǰκҲ׼ȥ
εǿѩӰ˵ģĻҲڳ䡣
ѩӰЩΪѵĵ˵ͷүĻǶҽ˵ģ¿ɺãȻһߣͻɫˡ
գʲô˼ҰЩŵؿ
ʲô˼ֻڵõͬȥķ䣬ȻԼ棬סķ䡣Լʲôδŵķ򰡣
һЦʲô˼С⻹ô㻹ûžѾʧˡεգ鱡壬⼸ɶռȫˡ
εЩΣûƵĻǰͣǰȥϣһȻȥɡ
ܺãǾνһԵ
˵ȥһ޿κεĳε
߽ǰͷؿۣŶԼʱİʹ

ϣεǰصгп̰۵һЩԱıְ
ֻѲĶ˵˶Щп޵С٣Щ̰һЩʱûȥϳ
ȻûܷҲǲЩȵڶ׽ˣҪڶʱʲôҲʲô򵥵顣
ȻôĽ鷳ͬʱҲΪӮ˲ʱ䣬ʱú׼һƻ
ڣ͢ЩˣԵһ⣬¹ε⣬＾ǽķظμӿƾ١
Щԭƻһ֣Ŀǰǽ޵ս¡
մ۳Ͷ٣ȻȥϢҲúûнսµߣϳ
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εЦشˣ໹Զء
ûٶ۵ز⻰˵ģĹԱԹ޶񶾵˵Щ˾úء
ε˵Ц˼䣬߳ţεȴһصصĿıӰʧԼǰ
ԺӣԽԽˣ
˵Ժˣ̯Ҫôʰ
뵽ڸҽܣε;ͷʹ

 68 

ͥԺӰһһСͥԺмʯʣܵĽŻ
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ˡӯӯգĿڽΪľԼδŵ
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ÿ˶ǺܺãҲûǵˡѩŻõĴҽҵҲָ־ءӽںڵĴֱֱĿųεȫǶĳݡ
û¾ͺá
֪ˣæл˵ӽûļ˵껰㱻һɤϡ
ˡ
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ӽҺλҪ̸ȥطɡͷСԴε
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ǣӣ衣סܡüĿ˹ȥȴŲÿһʹϼ֡
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ˣһڴ߿εտһۡεֻ磬ȢҲδػİģɡ»ɣõഺ
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С㣬֪ҲǸ˼ε֪ЦŽ͵
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֪˼ȴֱ˻ȥ

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ԲҲԲҪʲôýƸ컨Σֻߡ
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Ұ¾òռһҲðΪѧϰ衢ѧϰ黭ϣ㡣ʱҸԼѵġҾܾе׾ڵͺֵ꣬ΪҲȲʱˡҸԼǵҵģ⴩Ư·ϣȺһ۾ͿңϳҡûУǸʱҵ㣬ҡˤʱˣض˵㻹𣿡֪ҵʱжôѿ֮ΪЬΪһױΪǼǵҵġΪǼǵҵİգΪʲôҪңô꣬Ϊ˵ȵְԽԽ˵󾹱¡
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һ㶣ٶųεЦεգССֻΡһұ޳ȥΪҪһҴȥΪ裬ΡСҲһνҽ㣬Ϊ˰顣εգб£ҵܵΪߵزҲΪ㣬Ҳٿ㣡
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һ϶ڵȳεĵȵӰԼǰʱõĻȫȥˣֻ㶵վڷС
㡢ôˣ
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εʧؿǰرֻ˵һ仰Һѹ

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ε۵֮ȻǻؼҺòã
ȥ֪Ϊʲôں뿪⡣
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Ϊ֣εȻһ޵ĳ嶯ŬסǶѵ̣ȴûܵסղź̴Լʹж

 69 

ҹ
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Ļ̫ˣûϲεϲôϲôá绹Ҫðɡ
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ߵϣһƬžͥԺֳָһУŭ飬ԼԼ˽顣һеһУ˿̵ҹɫһİ
ͥԺģֻǻδ߽㷢ڵһ¹ֵĶӰ
߽վ֮˭󣬳εʳ
硣
һ١ЩٻתŮӣǸĽʮŮӣǿɬ
ˣôȥϢᡣ
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ò㿡ɣȲţҲûһǡûഺû껪ҲѾʱΨһҵԼһ书Բ¶ԻݸһֻҪʱͺˡ
֪ܲ
εһ㶣Щ˼һıȴҲµ˼֡
˿еҶӣ˹ָһûһµתҶӣͻȻһ֡ҶƮ롣
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ͣˣǻڵϰͺñˣԼҲˡ
ϵһƬҶģ黯ȥķᣬþòȥ

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Ҵլûŵӽһ̿ʼʹţ˭شҲû˱ˣֻʣ޾ľ
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վһԵü̲סĳ²ܹСҪ־͹ε̫ҲԼʲôûңʵ۵ͷϣҶù
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ˣҲ˿ԼҵܵһĴǰüͷĸˡ
תͷһԵС˷Ը˼䣬ǰǵĻһۣԼܵܺӳ뵽˵ľ磬еء
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ʹѩӰ֪⵽˻飬޷³ҪôǼȥ˼С̣ҪôڹСֽı⡣
£벻ǣ˺Ѿɡ
ɹӿͷóεűļ쳣ء
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һֱһԵĬؿǰӣ֪Ϊʲôڷգûκα飬ֻǺͣı任ɫзգԥ󾹳ȻɫôרעĿֱԼһ
ڡ
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ӣε࣡εˡͼٵǰ˵Żأӣεˣ
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ộˮɶܿ棬ֱʧʹޡ
ĿҹԵرĲŻվһԵСˣҲŻͳεˡ

 70 

ΪʲôȥοЩߵС޵˻߻Ϊȴֻǿһۣתˡ
˵ʲô˵ҲᰲοˡεỺ˵ûԼҪνµʱ򣬾ѾվˡĿ˵ƭ˵ģĲ֪ö˵Щʲô֪ԼǶǴ
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ǰεŲ΢΢һ٣ǳɵתȥվûȥһۡ
˵ӰԽԽԶڰһŪ֮ɫ

ڵѾֹͣ˿ֻһƽԴεĿſڡ𣬺ڴĶĿǼ߲Լ˺ȴһˡ
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ȴ˿ȥߣޱעŴҹɫקȭй¶
ԼҪȥ룬ĻʹΪֱնûһۡ

һѾǰҹεȻطȵ˯ţ˳ĺȥϢѡվڷ侲ᡣ
ҹ紵˺⣬Ҳҵ˼΢Ѭѹ
˽ͺˡЩ˵θɣαΪЩʶȥȥԼԸ顣ֲԼԸ⴩ԽģΪʲôÿ˶鷳
һ̾ε֪ԼЩˡȲ˵ô飬ҲӦεջݺĽɫԼٲԸЩֻ̯Լʰˡ
ε뵽⣬ɵ¶ЦǰûԼһ˵Լ鷳ĸˣҲ֪ʲôʱǻһծ˵Լʱ֮٣ĸȴջ²еİɡ
εԭƽֶҡ
ôðĺεվڹϣ̧ͷϷҹɫ˼ǧȴͷ
һֱվţվҪ¶ףε̲ס糿ĺ¶طϢطһͦεӰҲӹһ˻ʧ

 71 

ؿԻڳ˯Ůӣ˵ҸС
Ůӵĳ㣬㲻ϳɫȴ᲻ۡ
ԭº͵ʱţµľݣ۲ѡ
ḧԼĽգıԾü֣ȷһů⴫Լģ˿
ˣ½ǣûӦҲѧǰҪٲϳʲôٵĻɱŶ
˯еĳεֻü촽˼£ûҪļ
ۡһЦıȤ
Ҳֻܿ뵽⣬ɵͷһ
ѹֱǰϰ۸ӡԭԼϲֻΪԼչһ棬ǼôҸ鰢
ţŪϧûļóѣһ
ģһŮӵỽүү
һ˳ε£ûҪ˼һҲ֪ôá
үүô
Ľл˾õȣæ´ϸĵΪεǺñӣ̶´ᣣóڹϸ.˼Լϡ
·ͼæűȥ
һͳ˸Ķ꣡Сһ㣬˯
һ㶣ȻعæѹɤţǸɷū澽ȥźүϴ
һŷ϶ϴĶæÿ·ȥ
ѶºŻվűߵѡүҲǺڷԵģȻûʽܹĳԼķͬߣԺҲİӰɡ
Ǵģô֮ǰһҲû˵ӵĴڡ
ֹӣϴѹɻ󣬿ڵ
ױ̨ߵǣϴ󣬿ԵĴ磬˻֪𣿡
粻⣬ǿڵֱߣȻת͵ˣүʲôҪԷԸūȥ
ڰ֣˼Цûʲôҿеӣȥݱȡ
˵ֵ꣬ǵǱ߿˼ۡ
Ȼֱү֣еôܣ
ڲ죬ǰӵʲôݰ
عͷûע⵽ı飬ۣ˯ɡȥҺ˵գųȥˡ
ǣ죬ԭ˯Ѿˣæǰź
Ÿ絣ĵʵүôˣﲻô
û¡ͷۣ촵ҹ絼µġ
ε̫Ѩе΢õŻۡ
磿۵ĲգεĴ󣬼ûӰɻŴ磬ء
ֹӸȥˣ˵Ǹүݽȥˡ
裿εһ⡣
үɫЩ԰ףǲﲻ絣ǵʵ
ε΢ΪкеģĻҲֻǵЦţûлӦ

ߵһ룬ߴ·ֲ˼ȥʱˣ߹հ˹֮²ҵδ߽㷢һڳæ
һ΢΢һ
ûжоֻǵһμӡ̡
죬ͷߺԵú⣬Щ޴վǡ
ЩķӦ߽һĶЩȵףɣҲΪġ
Ȼ΢ſȴ˵
ս΢˶ܲ˴˼Ĳڡ
ǸؿڣȻ뵽ʲô㣬æðĴ룬ݸǺǽ纮㡣
ллһûӦ
ı飬žԼķӦˣһŵĽ͵
Ҷ˼ݣΪ쿪ʼתˡĻϻͷۡԡĻ߻кܶࡣ󾹱Щ״Ρ
֣Ҫһͺˣлл㡣
˵꣬ЦųͷȻЩͷԣȴǿĵ뿪˳
ӰԶŸҳɿͷǹȻʧĸоԼ˵Ҳã鷳˰Լ͡
һϷ磬Ҳ֪û뵽⣬绹Щģ׷ȥΣ֪һţȴĺԴŭߡ

СĶ밴ԭ·ۻأδţӰϵǰ
̧ͷһϲȽůů壬ڻء
εæӹеϣȻ̵ִּͨûб̵
ûȺԼֵͬʱҲߡ
ַŶ£Ҫǻ̾ˮ¡εĵĶ
֪°
ε룬ƲһۣһЦ㻹°Сûĵġ
һɵ촽һίĿ
ɰģóεǵĻȲԾõĶ룬һ¡
˼ڣйԼɢůѪҺ㴫ÿһ
һףεݵǰ棬ЦΪ˲⣬ҿȫˡţȵЧã;й߶û뵽㻹
û뵽ءһȻּҲһݽŶ
ŶÿˮƬǰɡҲᰡεһȻ飬ϸܷЦ⡣
ǰô֪һ
εЦҡͷ뻹ǲҪԼ˼ˡ
ˣҪȥϳˣ˳ȥѲӣǰʱҪǾģԿ飬ߵǲԸ鷳֪˵ŻĶͷ
һЦһֱܹ԰żԣҲ㿴ġ
֪ԣˡ˵꣬εЦЦҲ˼ɴڳͷӡϣԸĿߵı飬һЦƮȻȥ
ȥıӰĸһ
羲һԣĿˡΡǴ⡣
ү˶ܺãɫڼӣҲ׽ԭΪӵƢԣû뵽ӵһȴ顣үƽ˵ĸоȫͬʵķ·յǴദ
羲ǰӣȫԼ˼ֱŻع
ֹӣʲôҪԸô
ɺûС뿴飬ԡ
ūȥʲôҪٸ֪ū澡Ľ»ûнΪѡ
á˿ʵ˵ǲ˼Ͼ²ڼңԼǳ⣬ʹˣ˵˷С
ӯӯ񣬳ȥʱĴšȻȥ˵ˮСĸʱáֻδ߼ȴһϤͣ˽Ų
磬ôôɵһϷ㣬һæҲ㡣ɵͷȴȫСˡĺЩ
ĺɣ㡪ô֪һ⡣Ȼ˿ܣѹĺɣ˵ˣġ
Ȼ̬ȴĺĪĻ󣬡ҲҪ˵үҲеίﶼ֪ү⣬үأһǺףһͷβûпǹĸܡ治ףүôġҹȥȴ涼һ˵̬ȣȴ˵ĸУô꣬˵򡪡
˵ĺɲɵͣסЩ׵ɫ㡣
磬ԲҡǱôĺĺ
ǹ޵ĿЦ˼˻ſûֻǣЩĺԺҪ˵ˡŴСĪǷǣοүǷǡ漴һģ૵үΪѵġ˵꣬Ҳĺɻ˵ʲôתȥ
ԭصĺɣ׷ȥȴԼԽ˵Խ㣬ûڵĲС
Զ۵ĴȻ֪ʲô£˲ɢﲻɵĵġһ̾絹Ҳûȥ
ĺɵĶԻò·ֻƬŵΣµ˷׷ײ²⡣Զﴫһģʧ裬ᵶᰮԾฮвߡ

 72 

ڷڵȫ֪йɡ
ʱͨ죬ɴ۾Ŵϰڷŵļ飬
졭ҲǣȫɿŮ ͼ
ߺ۲˼ٿ˵ĺֻ˺ü£ǿſƣб˺üۣڿˡ
æϣһ±֪ո˻µӡڴܣ֪΢ҲԾĻطտЩԽԼȥ룬ЩȴԽӳԺ
ҧҧ´Ҳû˼ȥƿƿ޹ޣúڲѼãŰһ˴ˡ
ȻԼ̵ԽľⷿĿٵϢҲûĴţȥ͸
˼ӭϮϵ¶
˼Ҳûʲôÿģ˼ҪҪط̧ͷһȴв͵͵߶żֲָѡ
Щ˼ǣ׷׵ͷıߡ
Щϸϵһ·һ·⡣
ô°ûණǸҡСյ
Ƶ飬صǰûţ͸ܵһעԼһͷȴһʮһСкúĿ
ĿתĿԼһתЦźǰСкк
кһܳı顣
Цޱȴɰܿкķ
˿ʼһûһڷ
ʱżСĻ˵к졣
ӽʲô˶ʶҿʶ㣬Ȼһġ
ӽ״磬ҸʱҲܺ¡˶ܺãǴĸóˡ˵һ𻨸⡣
ҧҧ´һįϲӽŻӽáǶ˵һҰɡ
ӽɵؿһۣһѹȻֿܣѹ˵磬ȻҲ֪ʲô£Ǹճ͵͵С÷˵
Դһӽ޷İԼİԸ
ʲôҹɣᵶᰮĻĽг
ӽͷǰô˵ģһʼΪǻء
𣿡ֿһЦݣӽڻôΪ𣿡
ӽҡҡͷȻֿ϶ǺˡȻүҲϲ
ٿһЦǵȻһֵӽ⻰˭߳ģ֪𣿡ҥӦиͷɡ
""ӽɦԴϸ롣Ҳ֪ȻͷһֿͣĵļĹ𻨸⡣
֪ʲʲôҲ뵽ղԼ˵Щ˫Ŀٿһâ
Ĵߴݵ𣬿ϸƱᷢмҧгݵζ
һĹ⾰㾹Ȼͱҹɣ

ʱ³߳ĳεȴ˸֪ؾֱƵĸо
ɻĿܣȻϺһζ顣
ƲһۣεͰͷתءȥºͼˣһֱĦ͸֪ǵѡ
ѩӰ֪εǰ˲̣Ӧǵ˰ɡ
˼ε̣ţȺһԵǰ
үҪȥѲӣ
ȥˣݣݣݵļ֪ǧ¶ڻţҵȥ˲Сε̾
Ϊսһ¶˻Ƕ֮
߰ɡεЩķҵǰͷ
ССĹǱһƬһ㣬һεѹ
εְ࣬ǴʮݵĲˡһŮӳʹĿųε
ҲѾǲݸҰ˰
ε࣬󺵣ׯǿգòγ꣬ȴһ£ˮѾ͵ϥǹˣǿһƬᰡ
ε࣬ݵսҲѾǿ̲ݻˣѾ򵽼ſˣռŵƸߵƣù£Ⲣǳ֮ư°պսʿԲսԽԽǣְȥס
εһصԼλϣǰ糾͵ŮϡͻȻͷʹ
֪ż밧ʹ޶ԡ
ǣҲ֪ô졣
Ҫ֪ǰǸͲְСˡЩҴ£ҲֻڵϿûнӴ
ﶼүúɡһԵĻɳ
ŮӼüͷһԲ˴˼以˼ۣҲ
εɵͷһ俴ˣ˼ѾƮԶ;УѾӿƽϵɼ²İա
ս顢̲ݻݺͻݶ󺵣Ȼˮ顣ڶǴģȫһƬ״
ںƽûиܹ֡ԵĿֲĳڸϴݲĻ߼ˮضĲ״սµİʹʧˡͷʹ޵ĳҲڵʷݣȥڵӻǰԹ۵ôҲûн졣
ôã
εۣúԼǰĹҶôġ
ϾغйǧóľôҪԼĵӺðɡ
˼һᣬεŻǰˣǲˡ
εŮӶһ
Ϊ˰ǧҺοǴǣ㣬ǲһ仰˵˾ģҺú롣
ŮһʱˣεæҲûҪж˼ֻ¾һȥãմʱ֡
һɫǻһϿңﶼӿϹɸж
˵ٳڰйڣϣġ
εûΪ˼˿ǣȴͻȻ뵽һ£ֻͷǵˣҪǰ꣬ȥ꣬޺̵ʱ赭дļ˾䣬ǽ͢Ǳ˼λӦװɡ
⡭ʱһ֪ɫ䣬Сĵػش
Ϊǧ֤ǵ֪ڡ֮ǰʲôΥĵ飬ҲԼ̡ˣ´ĳЩ˵ȶǵĻº˿ֱൽʱǻᡣεؿһۣɫţ֪ԼĻáһװȻȥ
Ů㿴ҿ㣬վһᣬΪǱܲǴ˱׼ǰεǻôɵܾǶע⵽ԭһֱԡҡԳƵȴԡࡱĿǣвǻûٶ۵
ʱǾѾ֮⣬ֻҪպãϧ

εһݵĻصУΪһֱԼ˼Уûע⵽˶͵͵
ţεѩӰ˵
£Ȼط֪æʲô
˵ǰεæһЦݣﺰ
һˡ
ںܰȳεΪ˲ڣϾܹˡԥҪȥȴƳһиӰ
Ŀ첽ǰεһȻǵôˣ
̧Ŀһۣ
ֹ飬óεúܲԾæսӵ
ôˣﲻ𣿡
΢΢һĮȻû¡˵һߣһԲ
ε״ĵİתأȴϵһ
ôˣǲǳʲô£۸ˣεŵ޴롣
ʹ
ƭҡ
ʲô
ƭң㶼ѾӦͱ˳ˣΪʲôҡء˵ֻҪһ˵ģΪʲôҪȢˡ˯ŵʱȥȥɡ
ףȢˣʣ
εһ㶣׷ʲô£̾ûƭ㣬鲻ġҽ͡
ҲҲûһƿȻʵ;ΣҲŲҪ
εεĿúãҲ˵ˡȱˣ޶˶岻á
ǵԼٽͺˡҲˣûһ
⻰һ͸ߵһžžµ
;ʹĬϡ㡢㡭쵰Ҳˡ˵;ͰתһߣԽԽ
εһ㶣ʱЦá
С治ͨԣȫ˵ˣ˵ʲô
ɼ޵ģԼҲܡûӣεһЦİ§ڻ
ͷŻмεıĿڰε깲һ壬Ǵ飬ȫϸϸ
Լι󣬳εýĶѾ꣬͵Ȼ侲ȴǻ϶ôôϲ㣬ΪȴǲݡôԵҡ
ָأóεЦ
ˣ֪˵ʲôˡ
ЦŰᣬε
һ͹Ҳĵˣйȥ˰ıСۣҲŪҳԴףֳĺĵ𣿶еĺòã
ĻһɢɵĶҪһת죬һɰָΣв
ԺĶ⣬СһŶ
ʱɱҶɡε˵ͷ
ߵһȻذͷ
ϵҲ粻ǸղԹˣǸơ
Ȼ֪Լ⣬ͱ֮йϸ˵ѹƭ˵ģŻ̲סҪȷϡ
Ȼܴɷϣֻ뿴ΪԼżˡ
뵽⣬ɵͷ
ԼôϲϲһжҪһŲҪԼҸøˣǸ˭ֻһ˵ġ
ģҲҪġ
һ룬쿪˼֣
ͷָֻɣεֻǵЦšȻһİҲ
Ժ鲻Ŷӣ
εͷӦһ۵ɴϵЦ⡣
˿εıЩ飬Ȼ㡣ҪǾƣԳȥĴתת
æסҡͷģҵġҲҪ뿪㡣
һ֣εҲû˵ʲôֻǳͷȻԼ˼
˾һֱӵţֱţ뿪Ļ
Ҳһʱˡ

 73 

Ƴ
˿԰ߵʱ򣬳εǰæǽͷö
д˸ģٲ䣬˵ǷԺһпϵִ֪ʶ
Էͻ¼صزһЩ÷
ӱд꣬ȷû©󣬳εֽϵīɾװŷ⣬ԷĺŪҡ
æˮֵ飬ûļһԻйݵĵֲͼľͼεľ
νִˣ˼ǳصˡ
ε˼ۣͰǸһԣͼϸоݵΡ
ĵߣֱҿϵıעǰѧĵ֪ʶͼεĻ̫ࡣ
˫ţ˫۱ţ򥶨ϥͷ۰Ͱ͵ĳǰǸæµӰˣ㻹Ϣ𣿡
˯ˡ
û´Щ˯ߵߣ·
ʲôʱ˯
εתͷֻŰµվһԣæ±ʣִֵô˯ᣬҹҲ֪ഩ·˵꣬εȥǣ˼·ϡ
ͷβû˯һֱæģں˯ѾŲסˡ
ٲ˯춼Ҫˡ۾
εǰͿˣһͺˡ
ƭˣ㼸ʱǰҲô˵ġ˱
СεЦŰ§ȥ˯һҪæᡣ
ҪҪ㡣ź촽ǿ
εĶͷԣȥ˯۾˾ͱǿˡ
һֱæڣ𣿡˯ϮֱǷ
ҰεЦţѾϰˡչǻᣬΪһƻæͨǳе顣
ϧûеԣȻ°빦ϣҲࡣëһòϰߣֻǻˣǡֻѾ˯εԾİᡣ
֪š
Щƣգεεҡͷ˱£ΪǺñӣȷϲŷ󣬲ŷ´ᣣصǰǸտһĵͼ
оͼûͷεֿ⼸Ѵڼ¼֮ǰݵͼҳüĿ
ӵǶȽܼȴѹӰ죬ļ¶ȸߣγԽࡣ˼׳ֱ֣ټũɽֿأԺˮһƲɵ
صأƫƫֻһ̰ӡĲãȻߵϡ˷ҲԴġεһ߿ŵͼһ̲ס૵
ͼͼоһ߿һҲ̲סĴǷ
ʪۣε̲סֻ۾ݵĵǸߣѹ־ù¡
΢΢һԺͻȻһ֣շµѴļݵͼε̲ס
ϲǷ̣Լ˵ˡ
û˯ˡε̲סЦ
ڵⷺ˻ΣǰӰܱʼ飬롣
Ϩ¶ףϵĵһбε̲ס˸
ֱ۴ʹ̲סü
ϵļ麯Ƿű󣬳εϳǰĿյ˯ȴ𴺷Ľл
΢΢Цֻ³˯ˡ

ʱ磬εƣĴӻ߳һԵĺˣ޲һĵĿ
үʲô㣿ĺɵǵ
ô죬ظ˵ɡε̾
ûôͷԭΪһϣԼĴʩϵóͷûʲôˡû뵽Ҫô鷳
˲ûǮʲôƻʩǰ״
ǧ㣬ûȥ
뵽⣬ε̲סꡣ
Ҫӣֻ취ҪôҪô衣
³ˣǽ衪ôǮ
ε̾εرۡ
תתǻصԭ㣬εɵĿЦ
ĺɡ󸮣ȴӹǵ֪첻ڡ
ӹĮɫ󸮵ȻӭεҲûȤĸǣвƽĶ˴ظ
ظ󣬳εҲû͵һֱѩӰ鷿¡
˼޹ѩӰȥ󸮡εԸȥӣһҹδߣľҲѾڱԵѩӰֻöǰ

εȻѩӰвʲôϣҲû뵽ǿѵ
ѵûбİ취𣿡
ѩӰһޱõİ취
ɫ͵һ䣬ѩӰֽŵ֪Ըǰյ¼󱸵ҩƷսʿǵľáһ벻Ǯ飬ôӸ롣˵ðٹپ¾ҶҲǲɣҪʱգݵϲáܵȣµҲֻǱˮн
εɫէףѩӰ˼ЩѾϰֵ߰Ĵ󳼣ĸԸԼҾͲˡ
ûּܾܾܲɡε뵽еİ취
ǲܾܾƱزݡүӦûǵãɱүϣңǣһȫ
ϵεǲ֪Ӧʲô
ҿȥ졣ӸǡεקȭͺȢ
ûõģѩӰ̾ź̸һ磬̬Ⱥܼ¼ޣӻױһϣȻû
⻰һε͵˫ȭӣŭѣƥЩҲͬһҲ޶ûġ
ѩӰһ㶣Цү˵ֻˣֻԼ飬ġ
⻰һ˵꣬ѩӰԸ֮ܵ˲䲢ķŭ
˵εʲôǣҲղǾ仰ȫʧˡ
ҲҪЭƾʲôҪЭҪЩ˵ҺθɡҲһԽֲ꣬ʲô춼ѪȣҸҪΪҵĹίȫ죬費裬ȢܵܣŶûСգȻȥ
ѩӰǣȫûзӦûϵεķӦôңȻʧȥǡ
ͷݵİվֻеķˡ鼱֮£ѩӰ첽׷ȥ
ǰѩӰ˳
ε˵Ļᣬ޷޵ţ鶼̸ΩûͲϲȢûввȥп˺顣
үŻ˼ҪǼʮڲ𣿡ѩӰе
Һθɣ˵Ѿˡ
ѩӰһȻ̾ǣ޹ءλı£ǵĹ࣬ùҲʢðհڵΡ˵ƥȻⲻĹңЩҲδı棬ɱϾǼʮλ֪ǧҲܴϣĹ𣿡
εûлشֻϵıѾƽ
ļƻֺܻ꣬ᷢ߶ע⵽ˡ˵޶ԣ෴ǽʾ֭ݵİչϺӡӣˮụ̃չһƶΪݰźõĺ·ƻ⣬㻹ݵ̻ˮֶ̧׼ۣƶһϵдʩЩһϵĳɹδʵʩ͸֮͸ô
۸εΣһᶨţ˵ٶҲûãѾҲȢ
ɡδ꣬ʱѽһ򿪡
ҪȢ˭ɻվſڿ

 74 

ڣ쳣
ŷѩӰӰԶȥεڴ㵡
ոա
δ˵ĻڼһǺĲ󲻽˻ȥ
ǲǺ˽ҡ뵽ѩӰ˵Щ״ͺ¡
ҪȢˣһ˵ġ
εЩڻǹЦȢҲĻġ˵˽ʲôЩֻϣԼȴȥŬʲô
ѩӰǰ˵Ĳ״޷˵Լɡֻǡ˭Ҳû뵽ֵܻܵ˾֮١ڷѩӰĻȻصظѩӰһŸŵһʱûع
ˡһҪ޲޵ӣεЦһ£ֹıӣЦһ취ġæһϣˣϢɡ
ǵĶĲεǣ־ȥ
ϴȵıڱĵطεꡣ
ȻļįЩĮѪ顣
ΪԼԵʣüʮⱲӶĲ
ӦôǮ˭óôǮأ
ղ˵˵Щط˶ƤӶʳĵزˣ𣿡üСʡ
ĳ붼룬ÿֲ
ڤĳεһ㶣ȻۣҲ֪Ȼֵˣܻа취ġ˯ᡣ
ŲᶨȥοεԼǻ͸¶Ρ
˯Ҫ˯žйˡ

ε곯ĺɡֱȥ˻
ö˵ˡεֹ̧ŮӽȥҪ˵Ļֿ̾ɳʯ̰ӣʮʧֻ֪˭⡣
֣û˻ˮҲѸͣݡ͢޺̿ЩǮ׶õȥˡ
ǡǡ֪Ե֪ǶԼͷȻһݵǱӢˡ
ӢεȻ󲻶ɫݳ͢ԱʲôӦɣ
ְʵްԣεţְʱΪƾŮ˵žʹԼͳɫĲӡ
һԵæӹϣεϸ΢΢һЦѧ쵹óˡ
˲ǲ֪⣬
ȷⱾʺ󣬳εõܺáλ˾Ȼ;֪ҲҽͰٹپһ⣬ѾӦеȫˮ
⡢ģ˶һֻû˶ã֪һ侲ɵʣε࣬ˡְʾ䲻ʵģѾãǡûٰɡ
Ĳ˵ε𴽣û٣㹻ǳŶʱ䡣֮Ǯ˵ţεڲϣȻüһǾͲõˡ
û˵ʧ֮ɫεɻֱӵôãģѾ֪ܴˣԼְܴɡÿʻѶ¼ڰⲻֻҪǸϺͰտģλӦһ˼ɡ
ְסͬ
£͸ǺҪġôѹ˹еӣҪٱ̰ûˣ˵Իϲýûˡ
εЦŵͷȻߵߣĿǰҪס취й֮ôԼŰ졣
¹ס׵
ˣԼ˵תȥ
˻ε֮ǽʱ飬Ǵ֣úú롣
үôİеǮܴ˹һԵĺɣ̲סʵ
˵ݣεͷȻµʩ˵ҲͬҲ˵ֱŵĹ
ĺ׵ĵͷԵҲʳԼʣүˮӿˣ
ʵСĽεһЦǶƢǶŵˡ
аɡεЦ
ͫ|챥ĺͫ|ȫˣӦöһ˰ɡ
̰٣ǳεһҹĵӣȻ費ǮùεġͲŲܴЩ̰Ϲβ

Ȼ㲻㣬εļƻȴһʥּȫˡ
ε࣬Ϊε￼࿼٣֪忼֮ء³󣬺ͳεȥ
糯ʥּȫȨͼ¼˭֪࿼в׹壬ٹٽԹ
Ͼ˭ԼŮУԶ෽İͽֺãһþ׽ӡ
һ뵽Щε;ͷʹʻҲֻƲһ۵
취ôʱû뵽ͨ״ﵽеˣο¶ʧˡ
ûֻЩ߿ƼģҪףȥȥҲôС飬ġ⣬ᾹȻһ⣬治֪Ǻ⡣
ϸϸ۲һͻȻЩΪλš
εȥº⻰ĿģʱԸЩϺ꣬ԸȥҵֻСꡣ
ͺǺ󣬳εһ뵽ֻƵС꣬鲻Ծ
ฮ˵󲻴󣬿˵СҲСɽغ¥ȫУô䣬Ҳòϼ͹䷳ˣοϲ
⼸æˣҪϽõ飬Ҫ£Ϊȫûо飬⿴εǰ۾ϡҪ࿼٣ûʱˡ
ε뵽⣬
Ժһįӣεӿϵ̣ȥѲӵ뷨
Ⱥڹſڵһͬظһţε˵ҽˡ
˾һ㶣ôˣ
ӿϵĲóεӿŲԺȥ
ʱһӰӹ
үˣӺүˣĺɼ

žһ˶סˡ
㾹ȻҴҪعŭɶ
ֻգۼ䣬շϷʮһѸ¡
ͬһʱ̣һҲ
ס֣
һӰӶӰ֣ĵ˵ǰ
ȻɻԭλεѾٶȸϵһ۱ƼϵѪʱɫȻʹľ
ˣ
ĺɵ֣ɱεס
СԼ̫ǣСĵ
С㣬ҾǿˣҲδ̫˷ˡҵĵط˵־Ͷ֡εһ
գġͣȴϡ
С𣬲ý͡Ц
ε࣬Сȳ֣ܳôһֻŹСĸܣСС˦һƣôˡ
εԾתͷĬּȻ
Ҳ֪ʲô£Ҳ֪ȶ֣Իú𷣣ҲˣϣСʱ׷¡ºҲԻŵø
εһϿңȴһ
ЦƼֱȡ衣ûûҪ
СȺȥɡεһأûϺָͨӡ˵ʲôػĻ
׷ʲô飬ôᶯʱֵǸûִˣȻҲڵĵز
΢Ȼúúʡ
ǰһίεҲǲ̡
Ȼȥɣȥ㡣
ͷĻɡϾǹԼİɡ
Ѿȫڰĵܵʹѡεﶼû˭УԼܸܵԸʵ
εĺҽܣһԣϵĴҩ˿ڡʲôҲûʣĵɼ
үֹӵƲ޴󰭣ԼͿȬˡҩһʰҩ䣬һ߶Գε˵
鷳ˡε˿һֱĬȴֲ֪ôڡ
ʰҩ䣬˶û˵һҲʶȥ
ķֻʣˣһ˼һͷ
Ƭ̹һֱĬЩܡ
ǴΪʲôԭ򡣡
ε̾һ۵˵ֺҳʡ
Ҳ˵˵
ãҾͲʡεҲǿ
ͷֻǽԼ½ǡίô˵
ʲôԭ򣬴˶ǲԵΪҲָȥ׷죬ΪѾˣһҲûС
Ŵˮڿת
ǱһȥǸȻ첻ưոݡ
ԡ𡣡ͻȻ嵽ŵǸ
ûڴһƣֻǺԼ鷳
εץ򣬿˫ͨ죬Ҳȥˣˡ֪ͺˣһġ⼸ȴڸˣ˺ˣȥ˼ҵǸɣô˵ȶ֡
ȻԸȴҲΪѣҲֻ첻Ըĵͷ
εЦű뻳Ҿ֪ˡ
ͷһۣղŵίɲʱɵ⡣
ᣬҲɫҲղŵ顣ж˲䡣
Ǿ붮µңΪʲôҪأεһͷ״Ʋʵ
һգʶĻش𣬡Ϊýƻ˵˲ʵġ
εȻɿϧ
С꾹Ȼôͻˣǿϧ

 75 

գε³Լһȥ󸮡
ûĺɡţǵȻίϾȥǸģȥ͵ġӣ϶ٲ˶䳰ȷһ
ң֪첻ڣεظǹܼ˵˺ܿԵƬ̡ҲṦͷͬ⡣
˲ˣвٴ绨֦չӴŻڡ
ܼҿڽ͵Щý˵׵ġΪĹӶȨƵūҲøˣֻˡ໹ƼƫЩ֪Сײ
ܼ˵˸ƣεƲһۣ벻ˣǿӲһ
ֻ΢ͷûж˵ʲô
ܼһͨͼһС˻ŵ˵ڼýˡ
ܼԣüͷ壬ε״ȥ˵Լ
ܼôҲǵǹδһڸӦûϵͷлС˸·Լæش
С߹СεͤһССӰС˳Ŀȥ
֣ôܵˡ
εֹʵʲôӣ
С˼״Ļش𣺡ع໰ǸеĶӣѩӡ
ǲĵܵܣ
СͩǵģȻöһܳҪˡһԵС˽ŵ૵
ΪʲôܳεƲСһۣʶʵ
ΪӲϲūŶˣүˡС˻عæϻ̳Ͽֵ
εһۣҲûʡ˵ļ»ٴĺã⻹ļ¡
ѩĳ࣬⡣
˴ʱվһùߣǹï֦Ҷպȥ˵ӰԲԶͤѩ֪ע
ѩſͤʯϣ˫°ͣǰϤϵֻëá
СҰ˵ҳúòÿѽ
Ȼڻûг꣬ǣ˵ҳúƯ˵Ժ󳤴һأ
Ȼһһѹ
ͽΪʲôͲϲأҪˣԺҲûѩˡСң˵Ժôأ
ǻëòû߶ɿĶţԹԳϵˡߵĿˣĵһ߼С
ôãΪʲôҲϲأϴο磬ĺŶкİοҺĽ簡
ҲϣıңĺңǡǡΪʲôÿοҾͽҹأ˵ûܵܣΪʲô
˵ţСһ⣬ۿһ죬ˮߵӹ̧С֣˲ӡ
ֻãëСң㵽û˵ֻԼԡ˵ҾͲԡǷñ˱˵أŷʷʵĶȡ
ѩͤڳһεϤӰ
硣ѩӣĵܵӵǰ档
ôˣСҲˡ°ӣĿϵӡ
ΪİЩˡÿζץҪҪˣ÷ŶѩС
ͦģĿѩҪ˵ģǸÿʼⷽ˼ˡ
ΪʲôһҪأһ޵Ĳô찡ѩСһ벻ͨӡ
òþˡһεȻܿɱĸ޸˭ȫǸĸһ仰˵㣬޵ĲҲֻܹԼˡ
Ǹôˡòð
ѩĻع˵գһ
޸ղ֪ǶӵءǸܴŮӣֻǡȫӡ
ֻʲôѩ
ûʲôֻԼ޸գһҸˡˣЦ˵ԼҲúȻŵܵ˶յ顣
εǰ龰еζӡһ̾߿ֻδӵ

ӴһΪ˭㲻ⴺĵԭǵӰһЦ
˵ӰΪԼ޵ĺãԼܵҫ˭֪ڴˣֶΣӲεϣȻƾ⸱ݣô˹һװӳЦ
ǣ貽ûպõĳ˹ƾʲô޸ôõŮӰһҲһмĳ
ûлӦ·ǵǿĲڡ
⻰ĳεȴǲɵü
ӼԼӣвʣкӸ񶾡
ûһö㺦ôأȴӰûҲǸ֪ôĶΪףȴǼ˸ϳȥΪжôأԭǸ˵ĳ˹֡
εлһ˿ӣ벻ףΪʲô𲻷һԲǳ衣
ɴסı飬 ¶ĺȴĲм
һ˶ԼĿѿĻСҲˣൽѾû˸о
Լ˵䳰ȷѡţѩЩµĶƾʲô˵磬糤ıǺÿˣǲĳ˹ء
ˡǰţһӣסԼķڡǹյСүء
Ҳ֪һ˵䱦õĲˣΪҵ˼ء
ԭޱ𲻽ɫ䡣ңҪˣ
ӼһĴЦ
˻û޽ȥѾɶˡӴ˵ͬĻȴһϷı顣
ûзֻҧŴվӰѩȥ
ô˵ѿҪĶӰӿıӰЦ
˵û޹ȥͻᱻݻءҡӣװͬ
չӵĳ谮ɡҲ˵
εһüԼҽԼˣôǶһ֪ӡˣѵģԻû
ҵĴӱ۸ˣô˶ûУ·˸ǵԼû㣬׷ѡߣ⵽ô£
ˣǾ߰ɡһƼҪǵǲأɾͻˡһ˵
ƣ˭ûƼʲô۸ֲͷһˣм˭û⣬Ҳ˵ʲôġ
һ٣̲޿̵Ĵȴеһ
ǻ᲻̫Ϊˡ

 76 

ǲ̫Ϊˡ
ƽԵĳðڵļȫǡ
գĲ˲仯Ϊϲĵૣ֪ǰŮӵݺ󣬶ʱŵɫס
ҪȢ˭˭ʲôϵʲôʱֵ˵ˡεߵߣǳǰ˵
ҡǲǡ˵
ǣʲôѵҸһˣǲĴ漵ʵĿڳô治֪Ǹĸôǵģһҽ̶ûСε˵
ӱ˵࣬Ǹ
߰ɡûпǣһֱͣԵŮϡ
ǡǣллӡ⣬æʯͤ
һߣʯͤʱտܶࡣ
ĲһʹΪҲֵˣ˫˲ˡ
գҡΪ㲻ˡ˵űǰһס֣һʧˡգҪô
ǻɼĺ£óεԾһ֣˵ĸо
ĿԼտյģͻȻЦˣǰôˣ˵һһһ˫ˣ˵ңң
ҡ͸¶ıˣεһ²֪˵ʲôá
ЦҲģĲᡭ
ЦЦţˮʹջ䡣ɴˮʪֱ˳£۵ģóεĲԾľ
˫΢ףһ㲡ϵָӡѾȥ룬Լĳĺۼ
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˵ˣҽΪ飬졪
һæŵ
գֻġգ㲻Ҫòá
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챾ͲΪ˿ģҲֻ˵˸֣ʲôԼҲûϸʡһں޲ѵı飬ȴκҲ޷˵ػ
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ûȱˡˣȺȵˮ˳˳
޵ݴ˫鴤ӸǲͣķһĪųεͷƵ͸
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ڴĿĺ£óεҲ֪ô˵ã̾Ψһ䣺Բ𡣡
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뵽飬ֲԾĸЦ֪ľܾѿ
㲻ڣҾȻȥˡ¶֪࣬󸮲ȱЩһ⣬ϣ¡Сƿ󣬳εҲû˵ʲôתȥ
ͷҲصȥҩƿϵı

ӽϲͺ˵㲻˵ô֪뷨һɥ̲ס
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ʲôûЩ۸ͻȻ𲻸˵⻰æ˵ˣͬҲ飬ͬõĺãͿתΪ顣
ģӽɴ۾
Ȼѹֵҽ㣬˼ƣɹÿơ
æź˷Լɹȫûվһߵĳε
鵱СҲжԸİɡ
˫£ұ֤ˮɡ
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ε⣬Ƕ̲ס鴤Խ˵Խûףæɿǡ
æͷ

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ĺ˵ȥˣЩûΪ㡣
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֪ĲԸȻֹ˾䣺϶װġûö
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εεĿۣȻͷӽͨ쿴ǣſǵԼƺ̫Щ
˼Ŀӽεʵ
ĲЩ𣿡
ں˺ܶ࣬ˡӽɵĻش
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ڵġڳأȥ˵СӾʹܡ
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ӽӰԶջߵڵЩ۸ӽĻ𣿡
εԸ⣬Ȼͷʿû
ȻӽȥʿץмʲôûУͬһץ˭жˣǰץĺӶȥϴξȻӽ󣬶ȾȥѾҲЩˣӦǱתˡĻı˭ﶼûȫİգȥٴδݾߡ
֪
Сʣ𲻺õĻ䡣ε̲ס䡣
һĵͷȻϣû˵ַȻ̧ûн
εһü
Ҷʵˣǰæ㲻ý𣿡Це
űʡҪʲôʱԼͿǸҪˡ
⵹ǡε˻ᣬȻЦҽɡ
ʲô壿һ㶣Լˡ
ǰΧ塢壬嶼ԡεһ仰׷С̡
ұ飬˼άԺˣҲʱ䡣ôԸ⣿ԭͻ᣿εɻʵ
壬ѧ˿϶Ӯ㡣ź촽鰧Թ
εЦ֣ȻͷһͣߺʲôʱӮһ̣Ǿʲôʱס
ʲô
Ҳ㽱һֻ֣ǽƷң֪ûӮߡεߴǵС˼ô᲻֪ÿﰵˡ Ҫԣѡĳԡ
ᣬ˭Ҫ㰡Ǻһ۵
˵꣬æŶ
ӲεЦ뵽ղŵĻҲӹڵɫ
µĶпҲҪȥˡ

 77 

＾ҶԶɨߵĻɫ˼˰ҲԤʾһ
һȵǾҪʼ
ϳ볯ĳ͢ȴѪҺ룬һõڴ
ȻȻȴڲŲΪ֪Σ
æµóε˴ȥҵǸ顣
ѵϽõ齻ĺɺ󣬳εרĺ񲿵һһﱸǵ顣
ѡвŵµ˳ϵδҲϵպܴܲæµнѳԺһУҲΪոģôοƾѡвܵѧӼĸ
ƣбףȻ̶ֹܴ֮ܶ磬ʵʩΪӿ׼ķдȺʱֵֺĸٽп಻ΪƵǼ࿼ٵĳεæµǿ֪ġ
εƣĲ񲿳ʱҹ
΢ҹ磬˺⣬תͷųĺ裬εΪδӸղſʼһֱü
氲һһипһ·ܰ

εɵĿһۣʱԶһҹʻͣڶǰ棬ǺС˼ݳˡ
ϳǰĿ˳εһۣε࣬ҹ¶أౣء
лش˹ġεȭЦ
ԽԽԶֱҹȫ֣վڽֵϵĳεԾĺ˿
һ˻ظҹ·֪ĵطжȾһ·棬Ҳûʲôõĵġ
ֻǣҹǰ̫쳣ˣǱǰ˲
εüһһӰǰӹ㶵Ⱦ
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ɱɱ
εһ㶣漴Ц⵽ɱ˵ѾĳЩ˵ĵߣЩ˿ʼǽˡ
ЦǣԼʲôû
ǲ̫ļˡεЦǰεĴɱЩ˼ֵ
ʱһһĹȥɱֲûг֣ҹɫȴԽԽŨȾıҲأصıȴǼֲΪһ˿ɱ
ȾǻȥɡεǰͷһأԾЦ̫ģɱңˡαضŲţôˡ
Ⱦһ㶣ͷδʵĽ
εգʱȻЦĳ
ɳƵǰĽֵ߳һӰ޳һºܺõİ˽ĺҹС
ѲҪôüߣεһݵοδǶȾĶ֣ʲôõĵġ
ŮһĳϵıƵһΣҵĸо
ӵ£ؿ˰κ֪֪жҪߵĻܶûͱˣѪӰ¥˭˭Ӯһء
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ε㶵ĻͷӳһѻڲĹɢԣҲŸһĺˡ
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ͬڸղǰɳƣе壬óεúϤ
εһɻӣ΢΢һЦεС㣬֮㲻÷Ĳ˭ˡ
һתɨ˳εһۣ´һȡ֮ǰεСԼôֵ
ѰζĻӱȥ
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ε˻ᣬҪû´Ӧϴڿջˣǽʲôīưɡ
ѪӰ¥һɱ֣īơȾһƽĲĻȻȴйŨŨǡɱãīΥԸû֣ԭҪɱˣͼʲô

鷿ڵմʱЩѹ֣鷿йˣһˣվˣһˡ
λŻεŮӾǵϵģվŵǱӢ̲ź
鷿Ψһ¹֮ˣһֲ߻ɱεıƵ£ֻǴʱѾɫҰףɪɪ
ˮһ˫ص¹֮ˣݺݵɣ̳ĺãͻˡ
㵽ӢŲæү±çЩҲȫΪү밡
ߣΪ룿ΪʲôԼסһһ °ӣ浱ʲô֪εհҪǣǾȻ֪ɱˣʮڣٶﶼûá
֪ôҾͲĿŵĶǡҺôҲǻϵıףҾͲһССةҰôƵں
ߣңʲôҵģǵһɱֹȥڶƹ˰ٹ񣬵ڶվϮһͰʮԱڳеһһ˰γԶԶְĽְڶ㣬Ȼ㽫һ򾡡רųģȻôµȫǵˡĶݺݵ
ôᡪϽöʧɫ
վһԵźüڤ˻¹ٿӦǺΪһźæȻεտ϶Ѳ˹ϵȻүĻ
үô죿ܲԴаɡӢ
ĻۣȻݺЦô죿ݵ֪˵ʱˮʱҾѾΡεնٻЩɵô֣û뵽ǾȻ˴ɱһʰǵĻᡣ
үҲûԼˣѪӰ¥˳֣ӦҲ֤˵ġڵϵƵС
ֳĹôͣѵ˵ǱݺɵˣĵȻĵֻǶֵʱȱɱǡƲһۣߵ
үǾȥһϡƵô˵Ҳı㣬ȻϵԶ˵㣬ڼȰɡ
ģɫܻʵָɱܾˣȥ
Ͻԭı֮ˣ̼£˽罫֮˰㣬ɫ
ү¹پһεղ£µҺүǮȨҵıεͣҲү˴󲿷ֱȥѲݣµûᣬǿԴӡźԴ˭֣֪ڵϵƵȴʱ
ǿԴְ˵ĺܣǴץвεպ졣ȻֺٺٵаЦһ볢ζˡڴһ裬ɰҵĻ궼ˡ
˵꣬Ӣе㲻мԼãǺݺݵصһۣٸġ

ޱ

⣬ġεںԺ⡣ԲϷżݿһӡ
ѾܾûְܹɵˣǰյĴɱ˳ĴڸˡҲ˳Ѱֵ壬ĶԳϵ˽һϴ
ůһɹô鶼һܡ
εԾЦЦͻȻеΧĿЩһֱǿעӵĲȻȻ
æܣ΢һתͷ㿴һµŮվԺ¾ؿ
εڿ컺ڣ㿴ȥܺã
֮⣬ûˡ
ôˣεһ㶣Լæ׼ϵӣûļǰȻһ޳ӰԼִЩɢӡ
£ǰ֮΢Цеľ⸡š
ǺǣΪ˳Ӧķ£ӦõġεԼʱЦúǣǿ
ѵʰãεЩȻ֪СǰΪ£
⻰һпε飬ﰵԽп࣬Ǻйء
Сܲáԣϣȥ
Ȼ
ε̾Һ֮Ե޷֣С㲻Ҫִ̫š
һ޷޵㻹塣洫ˣС֪ĵʳѰִҪ㣬Ѿڰ·ˡ
ʲô˼ε⡣
ʲô˼һŭĿȻָϴ˵˾ĻôĵİԼڷﲻԲȺü졣һ£ҲԼڷգ˵ʲôҪ㡪
εһʱһҵĽŲ
ࡢү˵кܽңףСô⣿մ˳첻ɵֵ
컥һۣ֪سεﾹֲõԤС
磬쵽ˣԼȥ˰ɡ
ǰͼһӷңɫŵС
Сͩô⣬ҲչС𣿡쿴Ծ
ӣءСͩ˲񣬿ŵӣˣӱץˡ

ƻͨͷܴܶ Цñס۵µһֱˡ
Ȼû˼ȴת
ݺݵĶ˴ϣУȴ˶
˫ֱ˾ٹͷ˴ͷ֮ǣ˫ȱ˴ķֿ붯ֻ׳ץĽףá
һֲֻڵִ³ 壬
ƴԼϵԣȴֻͽͣˮۿ
Ĳλ˶ʹĽв𣬲ԾĹӣȴ֫Եô
գ
գ
ǣ˭Ⱦң

ɳе֣ǼʱȥˣȴǺϢ
һƬ˪Ī˭˶ҽӽһԵСͩµĲҿ޳
εɫҲòȥȻϲ𣬿ɱϾʶһǳ飬ѴΡ
ҪġµġһԵС˵
ΪԼ˱ֶ˵ʱȴϢȻһøҲûУͬΪӣҲ̲סΪģ
ءһεӲ˸ЦݻӦ
ȿ޻ѿЦݣͷܡ
εգСʲô飬һʡȴƲסŭָųε
㡪뷴ȴεֹ
ƽ£˵ϼʲôϵ¾׶༪˰
㣬ЩôԽͷϣΪȥ㣬СҲᱻץߡҸ㣬СûáһˣҪΪᡣ˵ֵĹâ
˵ĳһĵҪﷴĿɳҲϧûȶľãһ˭ʵ۶᳤ãͲһˣȫƾϲãΪ˱Сͺͺɷһˡ
˶ӣ˭Ҫ˭
εûг֪ͷϣԼ˵ʲôǻϼͣ籣ּĬ
һʼ죬ҵȥң̫Ŀŵһûʲô£ƾӰ£ѾһҲֹˡ
ոǽѰ̿͵ȥӢźĸУҲöȾǱĵĸۡȴûϢֻѩӰ鱨ʱóȻȥʲôȻ
ĵ׵ǹɲ֣ʲô顣ĺݻܲ顣ôгر֮ˡ
ĵ߸ľãҲвֱ˭Ҳ졣
ε뵽⣬ľͬһ顣ʱ䣬䵽ľ䵽˶ٸв

˻һĿϮȫ廹ܵĲһȴ顰žһϡ
һޣʹļȥ
ӵ£׵ƤϣһĿĵѪۣþűӵƵ쳣˷ܡ
ϲֿȥңʵ˭ ˡ
Ī˷ܾѪҺһ㴫ȫʹԽ
䣬ϵȴƵ緢趯еٱޣвĽеСôˡ
ĲȫΪ̵ģͲų鲻㡣
ԽʹĻ賤ޣʹûеһ֪Ȼһ룬󷽴ĲʣĴԶʱһƬհס
ģ治ġ˵㻹˷ܵĲءƵ´ЦѲ  ָͥγеıޱȻԥ 룬ڲͣ
类˺Ѱ㣬ʹսȭָģµ Ū 嶼Ǵֱʹ쳣
Ƶ·ǳı飬Ȼ͵سӣһԣ˫ָ
ĸĦ˿У޷ֹʹĿֱཻоԼķ ˲䱻һʪ룬ֱ巢ʹۿɵʪ
Сӣϲߡ߰ˣһ裬Ļ궼㹴ˡҪǼ㳤ĳˡϷŮ˴ֺĴϢľεǳĴĶС
ȻĵȻûа㲨ֻʣ޾ľ
Ϊ׵衣
ǣգΪʲô㵽ڻ
ĥʲôʱǸͷ

 79 

εڣûԸԼ۾ġ
ǵõϢٶȸȴˡ
Ǹ߰Ҳز
ǵõ߿Ƿʱģ飬ϲѪ޺ۣҲһõƤ˫ȼѪ۸ʹ˵ۡ
챧ʱѾһϢѸɣھиɺԡ
ƵѱŵĶڵأɱڵŭŻ˹ȥ
ڵĲ״ûĿȥͶȾ̷ŭεƵ¡εѩӰشţֻʣҽܡ
үƵ㿴ҪôáѩӰŲһԵĳεص
ε·û㣬һĿŵ档ĿܣʵĻҪ̡
Ϊʲôε̲סԼ
ΪʲôʲôˣΪʲôҪǣ浽޹ˣô̵ķʽ
һ
үⲢĴѩӰĿһƬ˵ĳεʵڲ֪˵ʲôο
Ĵ˭Ĵšһ򿪣վһŭ֯졣ʱѾڣ뵽ͷΣε鲻ɵĳء
С㡭Կ޹죬εګګĲ֪˵ʲôá
εգ㻹һģȥȥ ǸŮˣһᴦģҲģֻ
˽̣⡭ 뷨ϰѩӰδ꣬ȴεϡ
Ǿɣڰӿǰ㴦áֻҪһڹ߸ͿˡεԥĴӦ
УС˵ĺأܴƶһڸʰɾķ䣬ҩƷϴĶεգ鷳⼸չ
Щ˶е⣬ʵڲʶ졣
Сǡε΢ԾʵڲƢƽ̫ˡ
֪뿴ңܾ㡣Ѿ˯ˣȥɡЦһҲûжֱͣÿӣʾεȥ
εգԵĻ㲻Ҫʱ˺
εһ㶣ﲻ֪ؿһ£ûʶӦھ벻飬߽䡣
󣬹Ҳûٽ
谵ķڣƮһճζѪȣʲô
ϵ˯ĺܾķ·˰㣬һĲҰףѪɫϱβɨ˿ڴССܲ
ˣҲ˵ˡɫǲסѪۣһ޺ۣ˴Ŀġ
˰Σε֪ԼʲôȴҽС¿ȫϢ¿绪ӣʬ⡣
ѹ޷ʵ޷˶ĥŻ𡢰ûڡ˵һֱĵתѹûᣬֻʣ±һƬ
ţţһ˵ŮӣصĲ֪˵ʲôãΨзһˮȻȥ
磬Һ˵ҽȥҪˡε
Ӧһ㰲뿪
ʪëεϴ˿ڣȴ֪ôӺ֡Ϊȫ¶˿ڣ鲻°ٵ
ȭͷһգֱؽڷףε˿ϴϵѪգǼС˯еԲԾüͷ
ᣬε»ŪʹԼϸɸȾ뵽θȾֻúġ
ĵطСˡС˰ҩʱ򣬳εʰڵϵĲ鲼ƵĲ͵·ľͬƬ۵
ֱʰڽСҩƿ,ȴһӱȻ׿ŵ͸¶࣬εѹᡣ
ͻȻԼ̣ܲϣȴѿŲ̬ȴ
ǼĻ½һϽõ鴦ãôҲ߲ⲽ̫Ͽ޷ӻΡ
ţε;ԼɤӸɬķۡ

ϵʹϮԭľ֪ѣļɽĻеʹȴûجεľ
ҪҪҡңվҡҡ
ûˣˡ
ԶƽϤЩʵʯƵģһȦһȦظسãã
Ծůķ£һİĻµĿʼ
ûˣһжˡС£Ҳ˺ġϤϢòȶŵĵʵãУȴС
ۣǲ£²ǡû۾ȷϣֻ˵İοԼգˡ
˰ε˿ϸϺҩһһС˿ڣеˡ
˯جѾȥˣһжȥˡεɬɤӣ
Ѿ׷ڲ£춼취ѹϽҲãҲãǶΪԼ鸶ۡ
ֻϣ߳˺

ΣɲԲҪѡ
ٺһڡ
ɵſں£ĿתĿԼεЦˣҩˡҰóȥ
ߺòáĿⰧеĿ
εһ˿̣ãҲߡ
˵ͰŵһԵϣۻصߣȻ󰲶£Լڴͷؿ
գΪҲˡ˵ţҪεæ£ҶȺúϢ
ҡͷϢֻῴ
εЩˣСץԼӣǹɱûӿͷ
ֻ˳£ͬʱҲӿĻ
С᲻ң
ٴλҡͷޣҲû޹
εۣĬжʱ쳣
ι
գ㻹ǵǵһμ𣿡
εɬһЦôǵã̸ʵ飬ֻúӦһ
ֻռǵСû˼ǵСֻռǵá
ǻŵˣóε֪ΰοֻŵ
ôأﰡҲܹİ
ȻһЦЦĲңȻһйƽҳʱ˺ô꣬䡣ƴֻǿһۣ˵˾䡮ˣһطˡûҵ־ģꡣְ̫껻֣ңΨһҵˣʱˣҲǵˣȻʮܲס˷ڡ
ƽ˵ţƽóεᣬ˵ʲôȴôĲ԰
˶٣ֽŵʱ֪˺ܶ飬֪ϵĺǵڻʱ¶Ҳ֪һвΪʲĳޣЩµŮӰǵĵλҲһǵŮ裬ľڵҩ¶ǶҺãֲֲǵµĹ
ǣ
ԭкܶŮȴֻʣǾ˵ĵҵĿĵҵ¶ɷĵΪ˱ҵ֮λʱҵȾҲ͵Ļᣬһ̴ͰǸȥƫԺӣȻͷˡ
ңԶʷ˵ĺܷƵ·˵˵Ĺ°㡣ˣεܸܵıޣĺӻʲôǳһԶġ
ǴĶҲǲҵġʧȥ˸û˵飬һ˶ȹµͯꡣӳͲڴֻΪӵݡҲ˵İɣڴҲûвԣҲƽĻֻ̫ˡ
뵽⣬ε̲ס⽨̫ϿϿ顣
С̵ĺܺãô£һġ죬ԵĻŰѳ޷°ɣȻԶῪģϾһĶԹô𱻳ɱ۾ʵĺܹ㡣ε̾иж
գҷŲ£ķŲ¡
Ϊı־ΪˣһÿƬζ飬Щ˵Ĵ֯ҵһԼ¶įͯ꣬ôŵ£ηŵ¡
εֻǾӵһԡ
ĺãֲֻĳܵܿǽıģ׵˵¾ͷô
뵽⣬εԼղ˵Ļ
˳Ĭ˰Σ˴С֣ԭѩҲԸŷ¹ȥһС
ѩ
ҵܵܣʱѲЩһֱһԺ˵⣬¶˵Цݣ˵ǸĸۡʲôŲµģֻʣºһ𳤴ѩˡ
ϴͤôˣ
죬ǰйܰӣڳǰΪ˾ˮѩˮˡǼֻ⣬ȴ޵ڡ˵⣬΢΢һ٣ʵԼγ֪޹أԼҲɺ
ǲǺ˽ԼȴǿȱЦ
εһ㶣˼΢΢Цô˵һҲ˽ˣһ˵ģ˵ô໰Ҳˣ˯ɡ
ᡰһҡͷͻȻͷΣǿϵĲʣ˵
ҲҪ˯㡣Ȼ󻺻۾ʶԺ룬գղιҺҩʱ֪ʲôô𣿡
Ȼûش૵㣬ǲһΣǣɲԲҪѡҸ룬⸱ӣ㻹᲻Ҫң١գǲǡǲǺ졭桭
㡭Сôˣ

 80 

йٳε󣬱˽䳰ȷͬҲбĲм
ݵĳεδע⵽˵ɫĿ⡣
ͻȻԣҹûҺֱۣǰĲ黹ڲȶ״̬
̾εĵǡһֱ˼ûпֱ꣬Żعæ
񣡡
ʱ࣬˳һԵŭָ𳾣һϵĸ
ϣбࡣжһͳ
䣬кҪࣿ
ػϣսӵܱ˵εӢ֮ͣ㣬Ȼȴ͸ľ
һг¹ع࣬⡭˵žͰת˳ε
Ȼεȴޱվǡ
ϣ¹ش󣬹ϵεҳӵڣò˵ӢΪԼæ
üһۣ˵˵ˣֻʾȥ
Ӣ߳У˹Ҿֱֱԣҹӵܱ˵ҳξ֮£ʧˣһȻߣ
ȫȻεһͻȻ˲õԤС
⣿֪ܱӺζ
ػϣһʺþ֪˴£ҹܱڳģ顣
ֱ޳ܣεĲʧȥǣʲôеߵڰףʲôУʶˡ
ϣδʧҪϹ̰οεǵسиⲻ֮ǣҳ˴治֮£磬壬Ͻﴦ̣
Ͻﴦ̣һȺĹԱʱһƬ
ε࣬⣿һΪѵĿųε
εųѹѹ򵹵һƬﲻסЦ
ӢǱƵĹǽжˡƵˣӹɵģѵΪĲɡ
ػϣӵƷ²У΢Ȼġ¶ǼСݺ£΢Ҳؽһε룬һȵ
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뵽⣬ε˻ңµմӹŹػǳܲס
䣬˹£˶ڡ˷顣εһƣһԲҲ˼֣ԥ˻
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⡭ᱻ⻰һ£Ҳ˵ܾĻ
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ΪʲôҪ˵δŵķɣڶʲôôһʼûгֻǾôʵݡµļ£˲Ҫͱˡεŭ𣬳
㡭Ӧ˵ƿԣһʱ벻
ϣֻ΢ļ£޹أε
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˵꣬㳤һһȺС˵Ĵӵ뿪
Ҳ볯Ӣǰĵһֱ֣ȻεȴǷ·ʲôû࣬һɵվڳϣþûлع
³һ
εƿ˷ţǰŸһ̤ȥʹԴ֪ˣ
εһǻûŵҽžͽ˿Уðβڵϣͬǿŵġ
վ
ƽʱżеСһҲ͹ȥˡǽˡ
Ǹģʳûлˣ
ʹͷȥεĲԽء֮󣬵ӳε΢΢̧ۣԲһյ̨Ѿվһһ̨ϡ
һ
뵽⣬ʱ֣ʱǲʲôվεǰһƣʱҲһ룬ֻԶ˵˻ֲͲ֪һᵣڻ˾ˣǲ׼´Ρ
ǴԹ֪ڹԼԼȴ뵽⣬ε̲סԲ𡣡
һѹı飬ֻСûߣξԭ㡣ÿŪԼôۣҲ֪ԼŻжʱ䣬ȹϢ
˵űεǱȥ
εʼû̧ۣǣС֣쵽췢飬ţۿ
žડһһֱϣٿһæôˣ
һһε׹䣬æûҪ˼Ҳûֻǵ㣬㵽ô˰
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ôˣ׳ʲôˣˣ
ֻһȴĵİϸ飬Ϊﲻ
εĬΣ̹ףȻûָԭκ
ʱŮӶԣ̶飬ûȥϲˣҲûҪǽ--û뵽ݱľ档
лҪ˵ԥεǴʵ档
Ľһվ˵ǸƵ£ɥ£ֱ޲磡
εЩķӦ
𣡡ûĵ
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㾹ȻԼȫˡһôܽ㲻ȥ˵ˣ¸ʧ³±ҡһŭ⣬
´ڱһ֪ȻԼȥˡһԺ˭ٳ״ûûˡ

εŵӣɵصһֻۣһۣ˼ޡ
ʵͬ飬ͬΪӣ飬˭ܲס
󱿵
ȻֻǺģȻԸصԲϣ˫ۿԱһûڵĵˣѵûбİ취𣿡
벻취ڿһҪϳµʱ벻취ֻҪȫܵ˺ۣļطŰԺ֣εһʹ
һֱڷգһֱҵ˵գҺۡһȴΪҪܴΡû취ȣû뵽ϻͻ飬Ҳû뵽ô졣ʲôû뵽ΪҺܴҵΪҲͻȻԼûá
ѹһóεױ޵ıˣҲζ
ʲôãĳ̫Įˣʵһ֪㣬Լһסġ
ԼİŮȢˣɱܣѹĲֻԼӦñҪʹ࣬һԼ𣬲ͣһ־öԲԼΣ˫ĥ£ܵ˰ɡ
ι̾Цϲ㣬Ҳ뿴ѹӡΪϲЭȻЭĵߣֻҵǰᡣҵ˼𣿡
εһ㶵̧ͷ
վرס㱳ңһһӵġ
״ĵĸжռģε˲ϲᣬرסᶨ˵Լĳŵ
ȫεգԶһ˵ĳεԶһ˵ġ
Լȥ
Це˶仰ƽȻʲôԸʱҲΪŨŨ飬
Բòá

 81 

ȵʹķڵ¶ȼߣǵĻȻҵȴͻϡ
ү
šε΢ϵ˵Ҵ¡
ź촽һĲˣǻʱ
ѵúͱᣬܹңᡣ
ε̲סЦЦѩӰûԼ˵ѾԵˡ
һƻµӡ˿Ц㡣
СųԼӦҵġղ˵ЩɲܷŶ
εЦŵͷǰܸˡ
ʱѩӰֽ˼ε̲סЦһȳȥ°ɣһͻ
ߵһתͷһſϣҲȥ
εЦЦֻ÷ְѹ棬ȻӴ·´ȷϲᴺէй󣬲ȥš
һ㼱æţһԵѩӰεƵţʲô顣
үȵ鷿
ѩӰһأεһֳʲô£æ鷿ȥ
鷿ڣѩӰүǸմϢֹйء
εһ㶣æӹѩӰеźƬ֮ԭľֽصģǽճȭ̲סĲ
ˣ
û˵ϸεֲ
ţ׳ʲô£֪ģҡ
ѩӰͷֻǻû˵䣬С˻ҵүˣڴȺ򡣡

֪ˣϾȥε̲סꡣôʲô鶼ѡʱš
үϢдȷϣδؾġ̫ˡ
֪ǿѨţȥ̽£ٶһҪ졣УȱκˣҲġεѹĵĲüͷ
ס
ȥǹʥּˣε̾˿ôҲ㲻
ӿµٶȸȥϣȷʥּˡĴͻ飬йǼ࿼һ¡
εһȵˡ
ȹһߣεڵϡۣ̾˿ͻȻúۣĽƣԼ·ȥԽԽԶԶǰЩǰ°㣬Դ
ʱľ⸱龰ĵǰһ춼û˯ȥϢɡ
Һ۰εԾ¶Լʵ
֪쿪ʼҪæԵ飬֮ҪʼЩѧӣ֮ҪץЩ˺ӵĻˣȻǸʲôݵˮ֣ʲôݵս㴦˵ţһͬͷ˵߶ͣû˱ıˡ
ε˵ˣĵ֣ûĵ벻Ҫпʵлл
̲סˣһԹ̾ҷı˺ܶ
Ʋһۣεͷǹ޵ĿЦղ֪Ϣȴƫƫǰ¶һҲ֪²ӦǲģʲôԼܺˡ
ʵи취 üһȻսĶԣСֹ˼䡣
˵꣬һĿųεε꣬ϸĥ˵Щﰵо̲סѿڶ㻹ֻС꣡

＾һȺѧӿ롮ӵ
εƣڴ룬Ǻ裬ұһ࿼źֻЦйɺġ
ʱź̫ˣһûУƽù졣о󱩷ǰһ
ε֪࣬λѧӸߵأźͻȻĳҲóε
εֻЦ˭ǵ˸У
źֵ˵εԳģ֪Ǽ٣
εЦд¡ֻϣǣЩв֮˸ûˡ
ĿƾٷΪĳһ쿼º;˵һĿԲܲμӵڶԺʫʡѧҲʵûʲôĿõĳ۵ˡ
ź˵ţƣǸóεӿһɲ
֪ش˶кοεܹź飬ŤͷԵĺ衣
ῴһۣижɾһοƾˣ׵Ŀûӹε۾ֻǲ֪εô֪ǻѴ𰸳·ϻǰѴ𰸷³
һ˵꣬εЦֻ˵ҼֶΡ
źһۣԲ˼εҲĽ͡
һԽǶϵԾݽ㿼ˣЩ˾ĿǶ˳˴εҲȺп˼ס
һµŮע⣬εһ£˭˵ͷͼ߳š
ͬʱԾдʮҲʼæˡҪпԾдԷֹñʼǼǺס
εһߺԵĶһûһ죬һ߿ŴʮæµӰҲϣѡõ˳
ʱȥдٽ㿼ӹӿʼľ
һǼСʱεڴ۵УѾû˯ˡ
áฮǣƣڱѾɣչˣǵñɡ
ڻû˵ֹۡӢƺʲôҲһֱҧšƵ£Դߺǻ˭Ҳ֪ǱߣڽĵϢϣֳһҶƽ¡
εˣ¹ѡӵԾ飡һϹԱݹԾ
εع̧ۿˣ
ѩգ١
ѩĿ״Ԫ
¹ΪӸв飬ʵڲ֪ȡᣬ˶ᣡ
ǣεԾī֣˵ּһʱ֮Ҳû⡣
شˣΣεתͷԺ衣
һ⻰ҲӹݾӣϸϸһݾӣȻǰݶݵּƮѣһɽӵƣʱʼͣƲƲλ˵ˣֺƷãԺĳݾӿʤ
εҲϸžӣȷ˵ּƮݣ˿˾;ġ
ǵͷͰһŽԱԾ
ȻϵĹԱŲɣɤӶйԱ״ԪߨDDա
ʱһ룬εڵ룬ͿŮһп粽
ռλˣɫ󣬿Կó֪Լ״Ԫʮֵļ
ټλˣֻԱһŮӣЩ⣬Ű
ѩλˣСȥ۵Ůӳ
Ů,ֻǼһѪɫ,ԵЩ԰ס
ٴȴǼеģεЩ̾
ѩС㣬Ǻαذ
״Ԫۣ̽λλ¹ٵеأˡ
ѧԸ׷εˣЩ˷ܵ
εһҲֻ΢΢һЦ
ѧԸ׷εˣѩٶͬ˵ǶҲԾĿ˶ԷһۣһЦ
ԱߵĺźĵͷεһΣԾľ͸еͷʹЦĺǣǿ

״Ԫųȥ󣬾ٹ䶯ŮŮΧ۳һ״Ԫүķɡ
Ϊǿһλ״Ԫ
̵һ£ݹȻܶвŵ񣬵ǿʵѧ״Ԫģں
ƥŽֵεεѩӰ硢ﶬ˵һڸϵ˶ӭ¿״Ԫүʾּ֧ء
һ㼤ıѧлεε˹ж飬Ӳμӿƾ٣úƷֹףѧҲиеһ죬˵Ķѧġ
εЦţȻǰҪݵʽֻ˿飬нȫԼŬΪһ״Ԫ˫۾㣬ϣԻѹΪŬù٣̱ʧ
˸ʱȺͻΧ̺Ůӣǵ󶼸ԴһȺѾСˣжŲ
ղĿˣεѩӰ£׷ʲô£Цݵ湫Ӹ״ԪδСǵ˼˽⣬ǹ֮ʣԱභ״Ԫ£λС㶼ذɡ
ŮһʱȻȻЦ뿪ΪһǼᶨҪȢյľģܵõԺ϶ǰ;
󣬳ӵıԣһ졣
Ǻǣϣ״ԪֱšֻǾЩŮ̫׸ƣ˵ѡ״ԪֵøõŮġεЦŽ͡
׵ĵͷ˵аʮˣԵ֮ȫƾĸⷽ沢޶룬ҲϲǸղЩŮӡҪǲʤŮӣͺñȡñȹŮӷſԡ
һ룬ȸղŸǺ֣ڳεҲֻΪղŵ飬Բδȥ
ʱѩٶյĵأ
һҲһ¹񣬳εæȻкһ

鷿ڣգѩ٣˰һԣǺˮˮҶ˼εſʱǶԼͬſڣ۹жԵĳݡ
εѾĿߣЦŶ˵ЩҪˡǿ˾ȻǾõȣʧ񡣡
ǱŴ״Ԫˣ˰죬ĺŵΪСԴ״ԪǼ顣
ֻ΢Цţ˵ЩĻ
εЩڣɫ⣬ڵ
һѡ˲ţǵܸߡ˵ǳٳǾȻ뱾£֪ǵжţԼȥѡһ⣬ʮҪ˵Ǵ̽Ƿ¾ͺãʲôв³ôεǵ˵ѶȣǲʲôΣգֻǳΣǿһ
˽ԵѧˡȻľǰ˽ԥһѩѡмһţԼС
£պҲûѡһһ⣬ҲԼС
ε߻ԭλЦྐྵȻúý̵ǣǶȻȥúϢ˾ϳ³Ҫæġ
˵ЩǸǶڴں֪ŷݣǶûж˵Ȼ˳ȥ
εűȥΪӰϣ˵
ѩС㣬
ѩͯ
ε˫ɾӣﲻɵ̾
տ̵ҪѩСײſΪѧû뵽ǾԿСӰ̳⡣еյŵԣػڣʥСĺεһɹ˵
ѩ£ԼٰܾˣſΪ֪ѶˣǵԼҲѾˡû뵽ͷǻص㣬Լ˵ģ˼ѾˣȻҲҪԼ
ѩ̣ṼĽ̻塣ֱӳε޺ЦݾЩ졣
˵Ͻ̻壬ǳһǻۺúý̵㡣ε׿ֵ뷨Ц
ѩһ飬εδӽۣͣѩС㣬βھͿոõŷأ
ѩԣæͳڵţһѩ׵Сһ㶣ЩŵĿųε

 82 

⡢⡭
εӹһɨһۣĳѩҪףƽȣ޹֣֮ûŮ֣֮ǹ֮޹٣һҪӡ˱˵Ϊ٣ΪҲ䡣Ͻǲ죬Ȼ֪жܺ
ѩ͵صͷ̻壬ѩģѩһñݣŬҳ֤Щ֮ڷ
εЦЦд֪еˡϣ˶ԳΪҵĶ֮š
ѩߺ󣬳εͷ֮Уѻɽ鼮˾ͷ
ղŻⷿڵˣε˼ЩԺܴܲⷳнѳȫˡ
ֻ£Ĺɡ
ι󣬡ˡ֮ǳϤ
Ŷ룬ܵ
ߡεԼӦ
ͣǰ٩㻹ʲôҶ˵ˡµӷ͡Щ˵鶪ȥͺ
ѧгϢ˻˵ʦͽֻ֮˵ѧԼŬҶԿ԰ɣεЦĳ治ⷬģԼ˵ĺе
԰ֱ׳ĵͷ㲻գЩҲǻĽġͷһЩΣյ齻ǴȿԶԼϢ£ֶΪ
Ҳǡεһ̾ȻȥҲŲסˡ
ıƣƣϢԻָȻĵȴѹ᲻
ȻΪεֲҪҲܰԼȥѾΪĹģൽΥԼı⡣
ȥֻ˵ӡǰһڴʱܰۡǶʱ⣬Ըĸºġ
뵽⣬εӿһŨŨҸСԼˣΪįʱеС˼ȴֺܴˡ
Լĸ鵥ûһʣԼǺεȺܣġ
ĸ飬ϧ
ڳεпʱ˿
εع˭
ū澡үС롣羡ְĻŻ
죿
εһۣǰȥţεҲűȥ
ţŷĴ磬εû˵ʲô£
ū澲ֻ֪˵Сүһˡ
Ļεɫ˵ϺûȻȴԼ󲻰
ĳºѾкüûмˣҲȫûƵµϢ
²ţǳʲôˡ
ɫЩɵĵĵүҪҪū澻ؾˣ
ãһһˡεڰ֣ȻתͷԵ˵һȥ˰ɡ
ȥ£Ȼüҡ
ϾϴֵֵĵزԼȥǻѿǲȥĺá
ε˼̾㡣
ͷȻϴε飬ϵһۣǶ
ʷģʮ㣬ôɵۣóεЦ
Ǳǳˣ˼εսĶ˼䡣
ֱĳϼ󣬳εóʵЦ뿪

䲼õļΪ£ڣɴŨ
Ƿڵȴ˼㡣
һʢ˵죬ʱȴһʹࡣ
Ϊʲôӣôӣ
СҪҪԶ֪ӦԼ̲סѯʡ
ȻֻЦеĿԵŮӣ˿ԼµĶŮӵĻֱߴŮӵοȶ
ͷβû˵һ仰ϵıܴ棬浽Щ׳ա
С㣬Ҵ򿴹𣿡
ûõģ˿ǿзͷϵ˾մǿмײͷġ
ôһʹ죬εҲЩȻ
˵ĴʱӱԵزһЩ䡣ЩĵĺµļͨͨǣԺһԶѵʱ˭ʶԼ˭Ҳ֪ѾԼ˸о֪ڽȴҿ
εŻǸЦޱȴˣеһѹЩĵļ˵ãԺһָоǻ
Ӻڻգֲ˽ӽҲϳԶа취Ҳ˵ڣһУɻǵ㣬ĻȻΪˡЦ
ٲҲãǰ˴ΨһܾСˡ
εûлشֻǾĿһǳЦȻ˵
һУΪͬɶִĻ˵ǣ׳ա
Ǹ绪һǵӾȻ˰׳գܲź
ǰϵ飬Ѿšû뵽Ϊ˱С𣬶ԻĻﲻгǴŸм
ûʲôεȻһ£һ䣬ЩǸƵ£ôˣ
˿޲ԼѾ˰ɡޱ
ݵĻȴóε̲ס˸䣬˵ʲôվҲûʳڡ
ˣСúҩˡȥҩ˵űߣųȥ
𣬳ε˿˵ζ֮ǰֿܶܣȴΩû뵽ᷢӣе𣬸еΣҲˡ
ûκֻǿ˫ֻ
СǵȻҪҩˡε
õĻӦֻһǷûġ
εһЦҲֻա
ֻһֱάƣ˲Щ顣̧ȴͻȻ̧ͷŭĵ
ɵЩڵĳεְַֻŻصϣ𻺻ЦˣЦôĴ㡣
ϸֺͯ΢Цεζӡ

С

ʮӰΧסһԼĪˡкֻкıһľС
ʮһкеľУкƴȴƵڵءӴľУʵĿһۣ𻨸⣿˹ôôõĶ˵գһ֣ӵĹ𻨸һء
ҪǸġƵڵصкæȴֱһߵһйްĲסкȻš˼²ɽŷſ
к˲ʹѩĹ𻨸ȥ
ӴؤڼһֻŽ˿ЬӵĽţһŲǹ𻨸ϣʹһš
ӣɲʲôؤ˼ҿҵĴүءѸΧԣĵ
Լò͵Ĺ𻨸⣬̼һ࣬кɽסȭݺݵصǰˡ
ӣ㿴Сӻҵء
һһһѴק𣬰ˤڵϣһֻŽƲıϡ
ж󡣡ӳЦ
ҪҪССѩŤȴеĹֵֻ
ǼƷ˿˶𣬱ǿ̧Ϲˮקȭ˵ı
ⶼʲô㿴ģġ볰Ц䡣
öģֱҵۣǼԶ㣬ٿӿŵŶĵĿŵڵϵк
һźݺݵ߳ССӱߵڵϹ˼ȦһõĹ𻨸˵ϡ
ڸʲôȸԾ䣬һͣæǹڵصĹ𻨸СС
ֻˣվȵȴͻ˦˵ϡ
İڳе˶Ϊ֮һ㶡
ۣ
˭ġͷ
ű˦кĵվ͵͵Ĵͷһ
㲻ҡҵ㶪ˣ㿴Լʲôŭһݺݵ˳ȥ
ССܵôбžͷ˽׵ѩء
ߣסĵطȱһȵҡ
û˵꣬һͻȻ
ʳӣϰô̫˰ɡ
ǡˣڼǰĹ⣬ǡ
ӱСķ𣬿ǰİŮΪȥϵۣ˵벻
˭ǲҲ۸
˵λӵĳʵĳ˹֡òͱ࿴λ治һĿϣһ˫۾ֻòȡˣϹк졭Ů˵˺ܶ࣬ЩĴһƬհףΪû˻˵Щܶ໰ף֪ڰ
Щ𻨸ˣܳˡ
֪ʱԭеĹ𻨸УҪԼòױĹ𻨸⣬𼱵ĶҪˣ
Զ˵ҪԹ𻨸⣬ǵġþûС𽲻ˣڼǵСˣԶġ
ǰüԽ˵ԽԽԽ֪ô˵
ŮɻĿۣȻ󵭵Цˣ֪ˣȥɣȥء
ӹĹ𻨸⣬ж˵ֻһֱɵɵĿȻŻع˵ллڵĺȥ
ŻĹ𻨸⣬һһղŮ֪˭Լ֪ΪղŰڣû˸ҷĻ
᲻ʲô˲ˣ
ǣȥˣ»ȥҪþû˵ˣҲþûٽˡ
뵽⣬ЩСϸֳЦݣĲ϶Ǻˣ ԺҲһˡ
ܽЩߵԺӣһչС֣һЩ࣬Ѿ͵Ĺ𻨸⡣
Сõ𻨸ˡ
ûпԼϤӰСܽңһ̧ͷȴǰľסˣ
أ
ȻҲˣѵõѹѡü˵ķʽԼһԼİӿֻ֧ǽء
ڰյӣкĻûа㷴Ӧкֽֿޣȥҡڿе˫šȻ»ڣϢȴޡ
˵ҪԹ𻨸Сõ˰С˵ѽ
ΪʲôҪ¶˼Ϊȵ˸Ϊʲô
ոջͷ˵СԹ𻨸⡱ոջڽ֣ΪʲôȴֲҪˡ
Ϊʲôÿ˶Ҫˡ
¸չҪתůʱкȴ纮ΪĸײҪˣֻʣԼһˡ
պĴᣬкޱǰСֱһϤӰΧĿ⣬þٶܵǸǰ㻹ǵ
ŮüȻȻЦǵãҼǵ㣬ǼС
кЦˣЦôģЦЦţȴƲס
֪Ů˭ֻܿģΪ˼ǵֱ֪֡ݣԭĪתΪݣֱתΪ̹ĵİ
Ȼ˵ĳֲûΪ˿ʼתŮ֪Լ֮٣һĸ顣

һĻĻԺطţļӱȴΪֱԺгһףһűӵķŮˣʼεεĻ˫Ǹجƿȴجεﲻ԰Ρ
ҪҪſңҪҡ
ԭ˵ˣĻعε첽򴲣״̬һͷ˽Ļʹ޲ѡ
ôˣǲجˣûˣˡ
ءҪһˣҪһˡҪССһˡ
Ļóεĳ͸ֻ˳ĻοģԺ󲻻һˡ
۾һ¾ͺˣС۸ΪԼʱȴҲˡģԼҲȥˡ
ͣ˼ְȵ˯¡
ΪֻǻڷյĹϵεܵϴ쳣¶ȣԾü
Ϊȥδɵἣε°ڴ£Ȼ˷ɾմˮհ£ؼκȥϴ
ĴĴԴ΢״̬ѹ۾뿪ڻƵԾʱһһһĳղξеԽԽ
ΪǺñӣͶЦҸЦϲõЦ
ЦݵıԸϵıѿȻһ̣ѡһУٲʵһذɡ

 84 

·ҡ߽Ȼʾⴺ˳ȥ·ߵ˳ε󣬽еϡ
Ұ㴩
Եεתͷһôˣ
ôϲüüǲͣİ·
εЦЦȻǡһִ·дϴӡ
Ȼ·û˿εڻҪˡϲȴΪҶ
εһ㶣̾ǲǺܲˣ
ǣҲˡܴ󷽵ĳϣ˭֪ԼϲҪȢ˶᲻˵ģ󷽵˵ʲôԴ׵Ļôα
εЦҺܸô˵㲻ϣǾͲˡǣһǻףҲܲĴ
ûǰԽԼʽȴ֮Ĺϵ鷢չⲽ˽İԼҸĽڱ˵ʹ֮ˡ
еĬȻŻȢΣһӵΡ㲻ܰⲻܲʣƸεգԺҪߣҲߵĲġ
һ̾ε§֪
ʱıžĺò֡
ҵ⣬ҵҲһֱߡεֻļ˵ͱѾϲ˷
ԽԽԶĺӰֱȫ¶˿Ц⣬Ǳȴעһ˵ġ

ҹǰףصһһƽټﶼЦһϺõؼ£ֻʸٴ
ӣôûл£үͿ쵽ˡһλŮݲȺȴһɻĿ˭
ѽ˵Ҳǹӻ°ү쵽أ죬ιſˡĺĿ߶վŲС˵
͵ĺɣոʲôˣΣ£
ĺһ˵ֳȥæˣԵС˺ܿعױ̨ǰüޡ
ױ˱㼱Ÿ£ɫĳչɵķ˰Ȼβɫ˿߳ĵ·ҫۡ
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ҲмµģһʮһһԼƵļ£һյ˼ļ¡
Сͩż³񣬲ɵؼӣٲˡ
һȻǻعٴɨеļ£ޱǶȥ
˶һ㶣˵ʲôȴ²Ծİѻʻء
СͷԵ˳վſڲҪֹⶼʲôʱˣȻĥ䣬ǧǱٵźá
ιͷС˿
ţͷ÷еױʣһױ˽һ㶡
ζѾſˣôûð˷ͷ죬صػ˼ҺֻһȴǰʺӰĴסˡ
㡭˺ðΣǿһԼԵ˵ǻ㣬Ѿˡ
˵ʱʱ죬ǰԺ˹Сæϸͷǣ֣Ϊ㣬԰㽻һ̰ɡ
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󾪣æǰеӰȴһ
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ﺰҵ֣ʾŭȥ
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Ȼʹʶ֣ҪǣȴѾˡ
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ѾѿգִſձǰѾ˯ˣĿĺǵĴ飬ɲһԸôΪˣղ˵µһжóġ
գ᲻ңΪǿŲԼҲһˣ첻롭
СûжˣСֻǰҸһءգ᲻ң㲻ҪҺòá
ҵıε˭ᣬߵһһŵġ
ͻȻеԼиͽȻһû¶ȵֽʶ˺⡣
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ѣûڰѰ˯֮ⷬôӣֻΪԼ߾ͷأͻȻĺʹ
Ϣ˵˭֪ıǶԭӦϲĺױʢˣһļһصˣ˿̣ӳʹ

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ӳԲһյ̨Ҫվһһ̨ϣҡҷ⣬Ҫûˡ
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뵽ϴԼʱ龰εһЦԭǧټҵΪ˽졣Ǿ䲻Ҫôֵʲô˼ˡ
ī΢΢һ㶣εȾſɡ
ȾɿīصɣҲûٷ𹥻ֻ˼Ŀųε
ȥ
ī𽣣Ҳûж˵ǳϵߵεǰΪ·
εͶȾ޹ȥͣͣε˶ߣüһ壬԰ѹɼ
ţڣƻ綹΢гε뿿ڴͷţӿ㲣ɫǳá
εһͷһʣҩζķƺһЩ̴ζ
һУûļʣȴ뷨˼ûб˼̴ֻΪȥҩζˡ
ǱˣҲм̴¶顣
īƵɫӦ⻰ѿǷֹڶһƵĳεͻȻԼ͸ˡ
£˲˵·ѾĻǰΪŵİɡ
εƽ޲ڶﲻе⣬Цݣһ
֪ε˻⡣
һεĺװģżɽ˵ˣºαװɵǰ벻ףΪʲôҪҵֳӧһδĵڶΪʲôҪ㵱ʱ㣬ҲԷڣϾӧܿƵġӧûΪҵɿ췴Ҳһ¸ͨ³¶ˮﵽԼĿġ
ɫδ䣬ֻɫԽԽεԼ¶ˣֵ
һʼ־ڻλϣ߸˵λ㻹иҪĶ뿪ǲɱǣֻʱδʱˣֳһˣҲԸˡĻ֮ıȲϡεԳ
վȺٱ˵ҲģԭѾ¶ЦһֱΪԼļƻ޷졣
ܴ˵㡣һЦȻͷƵ˹Ҫ㵹ҵϡ
˷̵ĻεҲգֻŬƽһЦԹѾˣµҪβſϷŹ£ʲô뿪ɡ
ˬ졣ӣƵǺġֻҪϵǺġ֮󣬱ֳһҰȻ
ѪףϵĶѾѪ裬ⶾѪûáܺѪҺںϵŮȴ֮٣ǰεտ˵õġҲΨһѡ
û⡣εҲûĴӦһԵĶȾͬү̫Σˡ
û£֮ǰ׼µεشһǣεЦŰģһûõ׸ġ
˵꣬·ڷϣҿԴӦǷŶѪ˵㡣Ҫȷ˽¡
һʧѪ1500ϣͻݿˣûɵԼȥЦ
ɫεں˵𲻴Ӧ㣬ܵȵ㡣
Ͳھȡֳص
ε죬Ȼһνӵ°˵ˣ𲻴Ӧ㣬ҶˡеǣֲһǼ֣ҽѹ
һ²͸м٣ƺĲ⡣ȷٵȣڵѪѾٲѪ֮ܿǡ
áӦȻó壬һԵļīƣҵȥΪֳԭûҪɱֳأԩзݲҲһʱ֮ƣĿѾﵽǸˡ
īƽӹ壬Ӧȥε鵽ǿ壬һ
ôڷϣǱѩӰ
īƴ򿪴һӰ˴ӰȥغôصԭأŴϵŮӵӣѾ࣬˵ύȥ
һδļ˵ʲôͻȻɫһףקؿڵ·ڴϡ
īɫһ䣬ٵѨʱѾԡͷŻûзӦĳεǳ㻹Ÿ𣬻Ѫ

ɫɵģǰĿԵøĳأ˾ĿڷƣЩ
һȺµ̷ţһһͷ̳ȥÿһԵôءѺ۵ĺǳмż͵͵Ŀ
Ǳϵ̳ϣдĹţʮֳеĹǵԼбĴ󵶡
ԶȺš
Ϊ׵̧㲵ݣĿն̵١
̹еʥּˣʵگԻ󽫾ֳز˼֮壬ұҵңʮŮ죬Ʋ乫
ִйٵĿߣЩ̲סʹ޳ֳظѵ촽һĨԳЦݡǵдŨŨĲʺ;
ҵңһЧ͢õ³
˸֮ϣɱȫ׾죬Կ
ͷЩ鰧ˣһּİţҿҿס뱣סĺӡ
̹ٿɫвã˻ỵ£Ҳ˵ʱ䵽ˣ̰ɡ
޵ɱ޹ּĿĿ
ֳʧźأʱձɫ
ִйһ£ʮʻҪͬʱϻȪ֮·ʱһƿմ


ϯ˷׷̳Զˣֳʱһš
ִйٻмæʲô㶣춯ְ
㶵ۦæع̧žһ壬ʯ֮䣬ҵ̳Ѿ죬ٵʱһ๼ĵ˻Ȫ·
ѪʺѪӡ̽УʺѪȾ̳µѪˮʵĽűߣȻŨŨζ
͵һִ̨صѪǺۣ޵һƣҪɱ䡣
㶵Ŀ̳λزǼٵģٵģﲻģҲġ
ģģﲻġЩѪġġһ̼εںɫˮ
ʱһĴһʻ
ƿӣȴϵæͣ
æͣ
˻һͣ£ϴŻ͸ӿӵĳʱпһ˿ȡ
ӣǡСһȵ
ϳȾˡüСӦһæ³æڵϡ
Ӽɫ԰ףæһԵСƿӣ߰ɡ
һͣ٣ﳤȥ

 88 

Ⱦεɫ԰ֽﲻӿġͷ̽ȥȴһɱ䡣¶ʱһæסе֣ʱʱ΢
Ⱦﰵвãϸ۲ε飬ԽԽ٣Ҳûİεεϵļö룬һѳҰõĳĤɵҺܡ
ڸʲôԭչ˷ļīͷȾ˾٣
ȾûֻǳԼ¿ε˿ڣѪ
īƳڶȾϣ
ȾвƿԼֵĽϵĶһ߷ϵĳεһޱӵĶѾˣ˭Ѫڽ壬Ƿүɡ죬үҲ϶˲ѪӣѾǳ御뼾ӲҪôߡ
Ⱦ͸¶üī΢΢һ
ȷµɫ֮ǰѾɫεȴֽȡ²õʱǽŹǣѱպΪµͷ󻼡
īƳĬ˲תͷ
Ⱦεһڣ;ԼͷĿѣ
үȾæס쵹µӣżʵүû°ɡ
ǿߡεǿ˵ĸ֡
áȾɷ˵İԼȴѾ˰״̬
ߣīƻع񣬴߷һ˿Цɲ˭ȥġ
ȾٿسһʱѾǰнݺݻʺ
īƳһû뵽΢ֵʱ򣬶ԷѾɱǰֲ֮æ˼
Ⱦûд㱳ˮһսԷˣץ϶Ҳûıεȥī׷ȴӲء

һϮ£īкü䣬߷ֵһֹľذһߡ
С࿴Ʒӣֹе
¥²豭˸٣ʵʲô¾˵ɡ
С룬ŵӣūյǱߵţǸйء
йص»Ҳ˵㲻Ҫ𣿡¥ֻƲһۣĮȻ
ӣ»ϵ¡Сͷ˵ҲԼ£ǰһֱΪӶģΪᡣӵûӰӣԼװСˡ
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Ǳ˵¾ֻ߱Ƿ磬ϣӿ𣬺ǵĴ˳ĳֱ롣֪׼͹ӵ£˵ӵĴõĻᡣСһ˵ͺµı۾β̲סԳһĵ飬ΪЩЩǰֵҪӿ۾ûգ
¥޳ָֹͣ˶˼Ŀ棬һʵʲôʱϢ
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尡壬οˡ
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ǸˣվԵ޷ְɡ
֪ˡͣ٣¥΢΢ɬСһۣ̾Ҫû¾ȥɣ뾲
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ǣϳԶϺͱ˵˯Ҷ֪ôˡС໰޿κΡ
Ǿɡ¥ȻС׼ʱּ˾䣬뱨𣬾ͱԼȥ

С·ǰ棬ȴô߶ȥȾĵȴ˻ԭ·׼īΪʲô˵ɲ˭ȥġǱаԡ
岽ǰĲһֱظߡεſڶȾϣĳ
Ⱦŵ΢תͷүоô
εҡͷԭ§ӵǰһָطԾǿ뿪Ҹղ˵ߣ϶ûȷģȻͱסˡ
Ⱦ˼ûжͣʾȻûһṦͳ˷ĵĹ
ѸٳʹȾҵ³εȻֵĳ֡
үɫܲãҼҿջϢ°ɡȾһ߷˫ͬʱڽصĿţһװκµľ¥ϡ
Ⱦȥ¥ΪֳӣΧһʱʱ̾ʲô
ү̫ˣǻһҡȾһü
εһ˱׼תȥֻһ۵ȴóε⵽ת
ղ˵ȫҳնǲģңǲģ
ԭںͽַ˵ŮЩµĿǰͻȻðİŮӣͰ͵صǡġǰɱͷ󡢴ﶼ֪
ģⲻġεһŵĵ
СİɣǧȷµĿɴˣֽǰĿ˾ᣬֽǸùٰͬһŮӸп
ŮӵĻ״ݻ˳εһϣͻȻԼһ˲䱻ȫ룬վվȡ
ү㡭Ⱦæǰסȴϳʹı˵
ʱһһŮϧûϡŮϧҡҡͷ
һһŮ
εĳʵһһŮʲôˣǿпǵĳ֪֪ࣿôˣ
ͻȻ£ǣûа취ȥ֪ºΡ
ʵļУŮҲŬĻ£Ȼüʵ̫ˣҸŻؼҲûϸǸŮһͷһɱˣĻҿӣǰ󿴼εˣôҲ֪
εҿ϶˾ͷ¡
εˣôͻȻεڻεԼһԵʳһſڣһѣȴͻȻϮš
ŬſڣƲסͷȴǰһڣ̱ڶȾ

 89 

궬ȾĻε˼
һȥ˵׻˭
б𣿱˵ûر־εڴϣüͷ
ʹľ񣬶˵̫ûرӡ󡣡ȾվһԵ
˳ų·飬û
Ʊۣڻͷ
ȾͷȻӴǷȥ
εĿڴϣΪȱѪĹϵͷεڻûкת֫£ڵԶȶȾĻҪ⡣
Ĺ˲ЩһҪҵʱҪߣܵ˺
뵽⣬εɫԽѿµȭͷֻҪһ뵽ѹͺ޲ɱ˷
Ǹ쵰ȻƭԼ
һʧһѪծѪ
һ̣εƺ־֮⣬˴ԭήҵ״̬Ϊ֮һֻڷŭû΢仯ֻġ
㵽

ŷ
ϣ˫ֲԾճȭģɫʹıۣŲ̬ĺ󡣶ͷϲϵһһĺˮж϶ţҪﲻҪҪҪ
͵͵÷¥еһƣĶͷ֡˵¶Ծüæ΢ȴһ
վһԵС಻ӣôˣ
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Ľ֪мʵĶڡַǳĸоѹ²ֻѡȻ·ߵʱȴʶ뵽ԼٿŮӡ˵ҲãҲգֻټһ档
εգ֪ȫİ⣬᲻᲻һеأ
ڷ¥Գ˼֮ʣС౧һСľӿٱ

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¥ʵںаţţطȥҲ޷¥ڵԺӡͶȾڼ޹󣬲ѡŽֻһҲѾ¶ˡ
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˵ƹӣ
εףûˣȴ㱻ϵ֬ζŵˡ
ӣεס¡
𱿴ʱһЦеԭǳСҲǵģȻ˵
»εˣϸһƣԭй֮Ե𱡣ԼǰҲأû뵽ǵá
ĳҪƹӣɷΪεһϿҵ
ЦݣСƹӻǷ繫ӣ
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ûãٴλųεͶȾȥҡȾſڵȺ򣬳εŽȥ
ڹ߻谵εſһ˵ķ䣬ơ
ŲȥڿУԱһ׸ߵϷſŶҹ飬֮Ŀռ˲㵭λøС
εһü¥ڴʲô̡
ܣһƬԡأһ׸ɾ·һһ磬
ɨԵע⵽һֽīоûбڻļֽ϶дż֣Сԡºࡣ
ԡ£
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¥ǸˣεЩʧЦ
ҲǸϴϴˣӻЩˡ
ţεͿʼ½̤ԡ֮УƬ֮ϴΪ׼³װϺ󣬲ԡصȥ
һϸͨ;ı϶б·յǹͨ
ССǬĳεȲѣҪ֪ȻжȾſţһ벻˸֣С·ˣȾǿ϶ҲԼġ
ڳεԥҪҪͷȥ߶Ⱦʱͨȴһöޡ
ܾͷεٻͷ뷨Ȼӿٶȥ
ܿ죬ͨߵͷεͣڹķſڣŲ΢΢ɡ
ʱͷȴһͳˣɡ
εȻǷ¥
Ҳû롣
һ伫Ϊµķ䣬ĽǰľԵùʺһ̳¯Ҷŵ̴ζһĸо
ӹǰī˿˫ֻǸϵľ٣ûпߡ
εûӰ󲻽еʧԭ뿪¥ѯʵ飬ȴһֵĿԼ
ԭº͵ĸȻֹ¥һŵı鿴ôû

 90 

ʲôεԼˣʲôû
ӦǸˣô¥ڳԾæεȥûж˼㰴ס֣˼Ϊ
㡢㼡䡢ȫޣӦ֮ˣôᡪ¥ɫ䣬æֵֻҿ
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ô¥ϵ˲תΪ㵣ȫޣѵλ
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ʦ˵ϵȷĿܣСʱѣתƵ˱ϡѪѶҲܹ鸴ԭλֻǣСʱɵģûɵڲŷѪɫȫޣһƱ֪ʧѪࡢѪɵģʧôѪ˵Ǳɣôᡪ
ֻʲôεһֱ˼ĿԼȴٳûзӦʵ
¥عƲһۣʧѪ࣬ʮҪĵһβָܻ
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ʲô˼
ɫΰףͷĿѣԣƣ߿ʡȴӵ˲ͷԵġ¥һ
ε˵ĿɿڴŴҽֻǺ˸Ͱϵëȫ˵ˡ֮˵νǿ
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⡣¥û˵ͳϣȻŵתصľ£˿תڿл컵Ļȡ
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ʲô
۹ȣ̼󣬼Ϸа֣˵ܺõȥ¥˿ڲ裬ЦõҩֹħѳԸһ˯ҲԸԼʵ
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һ𡢰ûڵ飬¥ǹ޵ĿЦ
ȥϣھҪεͳɤ
¥ֻǾĿȻһվ

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εͷ¥ϵʱı龲εǰڴͷżĻ
͸¶ĺεԼûע⵽֣˵¶ıγķ
ʲôʱѣһֱʹૣε۲ѡ
ǾҪʲôʱˡվڳεķ¥
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ʧȥ˵ʹٵҲйӱҲԣֻʵòʹ
εͳḧ̵գͻȻԼûáҲûб㣬ļˡΪҺܴ̫Ϊˡ
εԳһЦ治ǣҲϷҲˣļˡҵԵʣ𲻻£Ǳǣ㸸ĸҲúõġǲң㲻Բԣ
ԹԼԼΪʲôôûáϵ˱úúõĺЦššȴΪԼԭһĴ
Ҳεһֽ֣һֻԼĴǿĲ޳
û취ټ˵ȥı۾ԺлطʶÿһƬΡ
ҸĴȣ޲˾÷̣Ļúչȴ
Ŭգۣͼˮƻȥȴֻͽ͡ᣬε
᲻ңңһжᷢǰһûǳֵļҸһûҸжá
Դһ˿֪еǰδеѹһĳ类ʹ
߱ģûкڹһҲûС
ι󣬳εŬסȵļúϢѪծѪЩң˶õġ
һ˵һǺñӣεõһۣĵļȥ
Сûü˵ʲôȴɫһ
鷳ҺúչУԵĻ鷳ȥ֪ͨҵĻſڵл˵ű㳯С˸ʾл⡣
С౻ŵû˷ӦһŻعӦ
εЦЦǾˡ˵꣬һϹȻתʱķȥ
;Ů·ûһ߳˷¥Ժӡվ¥⣬ҹ紵ͷޱѡ
Եģóеģӱܡһ𣬾
үȾӰԶ
εһۣȻȥ
ȾûжʣɵʱУ
ڰҹĽֵԵøųεҲһһµ
صջѾǰҹջ͹ϣΪ˲ͳεûѡš
ӴԼķڣûĵüƣȴе׹Ӻڰһ
˲䣬ڶǽײֻе˰Ƶһԣ⽣Ӱ֮ͣʱһɳƵ
ס֡
ʱ˵ϵƣڰܶʱͨ
ͻȻĹԵЩӦεߺ󣬲ɵĵ˿
㡭ǹ

 91 

ϸӴбǵһƬӰ
ڵŮӺĸһű̺ϱĿŮӲ԰׵˿ȥЩʵ
סЩգ۵ĿϵŮӣ·һգǰŮӾͻʧ
Ϣվߵ綼ܲĺ
Ů˯ĺܳȴҲ˯ĺܲȣʹ˯üͷҲһֱ΢΢£šëֱ̺ȾĽݣ綼ûҳ
ǶˣȾӰû¶ı顣
ͻᵽشȻҶ˲̶ͬȵˣŮӵİΣԶǵҪ
үǲˣΪʲôɫô԰סһĵ
ȾĬ˻ᣬŻ̾һѾ
ĻĵԽŸӵ飬ĿתĿŻڳ˯еŮӡ
ǸܵǿҵעԼ˯еЩſ˫ĿӳԼϤݣεַĵı˯ˣĲ߲Ѿļޡο֮гӲսҪ򣬲þôЩ˶
үֽзҽ㣬зǸֹӵġ
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ȾŵݹεԼǷ⣬ϸϸ꣬˿
¥Ǳߣûв鵽εۻأĴʯ˵ȫ¡
²鵽һЩüĿǸ繫Ӳ򵥣үϣƹӡȾ渵Լ֪ġ
ι󣬳ε̲ס渴ӡ
û뵽¥ˮôóȻ̤룬ָֻᱻǣµС
үʲôʱʼ˵ģĬһͻȻðһ䡣
˵¥εһ㶣˻ˣһμҾ;ܹŹܾ֡ͷǧʶöȾȥݣֻǴû鵽˵ĶȾ⵽㡣
ʹȾüԵʱӡ
ֻҽҲε
˵ôУôί¥е⡣
Ҳǳε벻׵ģֻǱİΣĹܵ˷¥ڴʲô˼ˮҲʶˡվε¶еƽ
̫Ѿƫƣû䣬ԵЩ谵
ͶȾεϵı飬ڻƵĹ£ֻӰӱϳ
ƽ֮°ӿȨıѾĻεֻ뾡ԼһҪػˣ֮һзƣһе
ҹ¥ƻɺݳεվ¥Щԥ㲻Ǳˣ
ӴǼС㰡ýӴСҹūҵġħóεͷƤ飬һŨζ˱ǶЩ֦չӼӿŵæ¥ȥ
¥ڴҵ𱣬ε˵⣬Ϊ·¥ǰŽȥʱ񣬳εһ顣
ƼС㡣¥һɴ񵭴ݣŵ
ε΢΢һЦ񾲵ʱôɲǼ޷Ǹķ¥صһ
Ŀһԣ¥¾ǳǳЦڴԼӹתһЦ¥СʲôӦҪȥֹӵô
εͷһЦϵȻ޳ָԵһû㣬ЦЦƹ¥жˣǷӭˣ
¥֪˵ʲôǿḡҲ֪ΪʲôС˵ӭסȴҲɺ쳾Σκ֮˵
ǺǡεͷһЦɺ쳾ξˣҲ˰ɡŢȴ׳Ȼһ䡭걭оƣεǳǳЦʣӿɷԸ뿪ɺ쳾֮أ
֪֪Լ˵ʲô¥û뵽˵ĻɵȻ
ӡеȻȵôһӱ٬
չҪΪûдӦԱ⣬ôŤˣεһ벻ͨӡ
죬¥ĺڕɬһţԶǣԼһη̬ȴϳ˱ܾζ˵ȫûԼĴڣԼò޶ã޵ı鶼ûС֪Ů˼Ϊ̶ȵģǵһ
˵ɣεСҪʲô¥ѧӽбһʲȥĿɬ
ѹǶԼģбʲôĿģ
繫ӹȻ顣εЦЦҲգҲĵݲȥˣȻ˵ԼҲֱˡ
뿪뿪
¥ûϵ˵Щ̲ס졣
ôӲԸ⣿εһü
֪뿪Ⲣѡ¥˫΢΢ûзŹϵб顣
ԡεͷһЦߣס㡣ǱԽ϶Ҫ뿪ûôװɡεЦĸзӦ
㡪¥ɫ䡣
繫ӣʵҲ޶⡣ֻҺܿҪ뿪һ·ûչˣϣԺһߡҲ֪ҵӣУԼ˲ϣ˵ȥչ˱ˡε̾
ֻԭ򣿡¥üͷһ壬⻰ʵԡ
ǺǣȻµȷ˽ġεһЦҲû
¥һȻˡ飬Ŀ
µķȾ綾ҩЧۿԽƵȴ޲ߡռ繫ҽʶȺȼϣԿܺһˡ˵𣬳εЩݣӳûӵӣĵΪۡ
㡭ˣ¥һ㵡
ǰڻ졣εɬһЦ̣ܶȴԼһĵ㹻ζһˡ
εп̧꣬ۿŷ¥ǧȻŮӣעֻȢһˣǹõ֮ѡ
ҡ¥Ц˽ǰǣֻһԸôΪİɡ
ҲǸΪ˱ȫˣòСίڴ˵Ӱˡõô档¥̲סԳ
Ƿ繫кδ㣬ѵһӴ⣿ӾͲɵԶİˡεį֮
ɣô᲻룬ѵĿ
ӺβһȥֻҪԸ⣬Ҳ÷¥ҲãԺ󶼻֮뿪⹫ȥﶼԣɺ쳾ΰ
¥΢΢㶣ıǾ仰˵ĲһɵϢ·ѾķΡָоʵţֻҪһͷܵõѾõɰ㡣
ãҴӦһߡ᲻ţ¥˵ԼĿ֪ԼǰˣǣһΡԼʧˣҲûŹ˰ɣ
εףⳡײûôӡ
ϸǵȻ̸ȥиϢҪεһЦڲס˼ķ¥һȻ

ѵ

ôˣûˣôˣ岻һֱƵģεֻķĶͷϣ뿴û顣
ƻ£Ĵ΢΢ţһĲˡ
ΪҺǸ˻Ѫˣۿ΢΢һ죬ôôʳѪͰˡ 
ԭΪεһůͰ˰ɣֻҪû¾ͺˡ
ǡŭ֮ǰεͷסĴ
šǼеǱᣬԭҪ˵ĻҲһǵɢ
ǵĳȣ˳Ƶڳεڣ̼ϵÿһ٣˫ֲĸı
ɬĴĿĶʴεŨصĺ
֪֪Һѹ͵͵ţ֪Ҵûкڹ㻹˵Щ
ĽɬȴҲǣ΢˫ʪôϲ㣬ϲĶûˣȴڻҡ
˫֣ıųεҲٵˣҵȲʮ꣬ھ͡źļأҲҲСˡϲ㡭Ұ㣬ԡûϵġ
ĻˣΪ᳦תૣεĿ˳εͷ
Լ˵ҪʮſֻǣСŲˡ
ֻ̧סϸε΢΢ûжǰƬѹõһ±ȵÿ񾭣ԼһҶСھܱϴ
һͳữڳε
εѾ ֮ɫܵԼ˼άʧȥƣѹȫŻ˵ˣˣҲǹҪ˵Щġ
Ůӵ屾ͱȽУ֪öٵ˵仰
Ŀ˸ԽԽ죬һһգԽ϶ִùˣУȥҪʲôʱܱԵ
ǣԭֽĲӣԥİԼĴȥӲţƺ
ûиκδϢĻᣬ彻ʱѹǽ֮ϣһ𡣻ȵ˳εȫע⣬ڴͬʱ͵͵Ľ⿪ԼһµǱֵ ¶
ÿһĦ̵ˣεĪļӿ죬зҵļ
ԼʱķʲôδʮǸδ꣬Լֻܶ֡һϢдȴһ뻯Ϊҽ
ȵֲֵڳεߡ־գϢΧĳε˿ûԼѱ⿪¶İɫĨء
ε˿ûһֻֻһ·£ľһԼļǺšֱǰһԭ˫۲Щѹ
Сꡭε̾̾⴫ĽŲ˿εأ¥ʵڲǳԶĺõط
ҡѵ³֣ͷľ΢΢ŤԼ壬ҺܡѾмֿ⡭
ε̾Ϣ΢תͷסĴھ֮䣬ĽԭƵǰŵס̧ͷĦ
һİסֱۡ
ʹû취
ôҪôεƣ˵Ҫļ
ɿ˰ס֣̱ĻУΪ̣ҧҧ´ٵĽҪͣ˵æߵİͷǰ
ĻóεһϵĶҲû¹ĺ촽
ڵ¶ȶȻϢ֮ɢ
ԼĲ£価Ծĸӿε
¸˲䣬 ӱ˱ֱƤһ΢΢Ĳš
ϷԼĽգ΢΢۾ѡȥԼᡣ
Ҫ·Ŀʧȥ˼ֻܱܵĳ鶯壬ӦеĽࡣ
·һ͵Ĵ̼ΧŴϵˡ˶ŬסԼĺεסʣһֹֻʹԼһֻҲûżղŵĶ
ҿ졭ֵĶķӦҲԽԽǿңµĴԾš
ԼĵĴϢߵҧס´ɳǰૣҲ
ڳڣܵŤӣ·аѻȼգ޷ͷţѹļҪ޳
Ұ㡣סĶεͬʱҲӿֵĶֻһָֻǽĶڳڣĲͷš
ӣµǺε񲻽һ岻ûио෴ǿҵʹкüʧȥΪΪֻԼļ֣˵ԸѡܣҲ˵֡
ءܡſһߵõŵһҵĲһӿ
Ӷʱ̱סĽ
С꣬ôͲˣεߵ˵ԼεһԵıӸϡҪȥڵصѣȴıס
ߣұһᡭȻûоĻǸղŵļҲʵѡ
ãҲߡεЦĸ˳ĳ
£泱Ȼδˣ˫ĿԵŮӡ
Ѿ𣿡ߵʵ۾ŨŨ⡣
ɡ
εĶͷʮ꣬һᲹʽϡ
Դʧı飬εչһЦϰ߰ϲĶԡ֮ûз㶼ҵģһ˵ġ
ȻĹĵƽֻһˣȴôӡ
ʣ
εüһð⣬ıӣ˼룬ҵֻһˡ
죬Ҹĺȴۣߣͻ˵ЩġЦ˼̬ĳεԳ޲һڳ㡣š
𲻳ԣոջ۸ҡ˵Żһۡ
۸εЦĻصĲûã¶˺Ǻܴģ㰡
Ǹĺʹ𣿡
ε£ȻŹֵЦݣ˵ǺʹһᾡᣬŪʹġҪҪھ£ı֤Ūʹ㡣˵Żգգ۾
ǸЦĲãʿˮ֪Щ£㲻˵Ҫʮ𣿡
ǸҷˣҾھͳԵ㡭˵־̽ȥ
𡭡֣û
ԭһҵĴʱЦȼ·˽ԱЦŵĶͷԣֻϸܷͷֽҸĶ͡

 93 

֮죬һгƽȻһɽĳƸС
鰴ճεķԸŮʵٺ·ߣɼ򵥵ĵͼ˶Ⱦ
һж˳У¾㱸ֻǷ硣
ڶ峿ε׼
үǣ翴һѹ̵·ʵ
ǵȻҪȥӷ顣εЦЦ
¶үĻӣûϵ𣿡
û£ôҵ⡣εһۣתߣϵıܿ컯ΪΣ̾Ҫһȥֻըµġ
УһҪȥһ֣ǴӦȥġ
һҪһ͵Ǳ𣬷ġǸ˶㵽ͷˣҲܾˡ
Ĩֲûӹ˵۾
ӡȫͬ꣬ɵɵĶ˵ˡ
ǺðɣǵõʱңܡεĳʲôЩεĶ
صصͷ
үǸƹӡһԼ
ûʲôֻǸȡ裬ΪðˡεЦһ䣬ûжӽ͡
޷ἰɣε飬֪ԼٴڱλˡŮƾŽʣһûֳһҸϾɱֻѲ⣬˭֪᲻ٱԡûе룬ԺôΪȻеԲȾ·õĳ롣
з¥Խùľ϶޶ԣ˵Ϊսĵߡ
ү
ǰȥţһŵĽš
繫ѾʥǵҲѾ׼á˵ţüֻֽԸһߡ
εһЩǵȥķӦֻǳϣϺƽ
￴뿪ȥѹĻңǲӦﲻߵǱҲߡʵһ֪ˡ͸¶į
εĶߵߣѹˣԺҪˣҾ
˼ǡǲˣɴ۾ȷ
εһЦԸΪֻҪҾġ
ѪŨˮİ͸ĸĻᡣǸң᳢԰ѹһзڼֻҪܺһͺˡ
һԵ䲢˵ʲôֻȴ־òʣǶѡĬ
һҪ޳ӣεֲȥҪµᣬЦֵȳԵ㶫ܻ࣬Ҫ֤С
ӣĵĵͷ
Ľؿһۣ Ÿӵ뿪
ɫһ㰵Թ󣬼˶װڶȾĴ͵͵Ǳʹҵһεĵطһ˾ȴµʱ
ˣɫͻȻ
ʲôε˴ܿ췴Ӧĺжˣ
ϲԶĴֻԶղѪĿ
鷿ķˡ̽æصԭ߳ε
ʱ·ļҲŵУ߾
үô죿ͷ
׼𣿡ε
һͷ
ãȾռƻȥдŮʣߴȥڻȾóԽԽáȥǣǵİȫε˼ķԸ
Ⱦ˵ͷԾ
ˣͷһƽĳεЩҪȥģ
Һһȥ߰ɡεЦЦ
޹εһºһ׹С̵·һӸһָȥ·´ڵ£ȳ˹ǾҪװ
áûõļѼ䣬æȥ
Ӱҡ죬ӳճϸӰεʶתӡ
·ȥͷϵλװκ󣬷鲻Щѡƽﶼǹźϴ˿ҪԼᷢ٣ȴ֪ζˡ
㡣ӰӾ֪Ŀǰ״ӹӣһ͸һ򵥵ʽ١
ˣطӣóױУȡ˻üõıʺ֬ԼһС沿ΣܿģӾͳһϸ΢ı仯˸оݵĺۼһۿȥòǺƽ˺ܴ𡣾µױѿԭɬģ
ôģɴ۾ȵ
֮ǰ̵ģɡЦ
档̲סֿ˿Լһľ̾
ǸϽȥʱɲˡ·
æ¾ӣ·ȥ˸ճ磬ͿԼϤӰ
ȾĽűǵĺŮӡ
ԭں署ĶȾ΢תͷڿȫıʺ󣬲ɵöʱס
㿴ɵˡĻ÷һ죬ķӦЦҪñҲףأ
ĴɨӣķֻˣʧɫȥˣǿûУ
ҵ˲ŷûгεӰæӦүո˵ȥ˵ܿġ
׼ûУʱһСװĺɷس˽ڵȴסˣǡǡ
ˡѾ侲˵ߣҪȥұ
ѾûӰ
ʧˣʧˣ
Ȼ𣡡
ܿģʹһ󾪻ŵĺ
ʱˣߡ΢εСܽ
ڣȷԼۻļүȥˣֹȥˡ
ʲôȥˣεü֪绰˼ճȥ˳ڳ˰ѻôŰṤͲˣ
ֹ֡û㡭Ϊˣոܳȥ˵Ҫȥ㣡
ҵΣεĲɵһǰռƻչѾڹſڣȥȥ
ȵȡתҪߣ˼ͬ
ҲңܻΪȥҷˣҲΣաҲµģߡεҲǻ˵ʲô⼸ܳȥˡ
ĺɶԶȾʩ˸ɫȾͷתԷ齻˼ȥ
жȾȥӦµģǰʣãȥϰɡĺɼһǣ̲ס
ջߣ׵ĵͷ˽ϵ̨ʼȼڵĽɴޡ
ԼסʮķܿҪΪҽ˵ѹֻǱᣬ
ƺܿӿϢ֮˷
ߣץ֣Ԥõĺ·˳ȥ
ȥ̽Ů̵ǿ˵ȺףеľȻеײţһƬĻӹʧϢҲܿ촫鹬ǣʹʱ˿ֻ֮С

 94 

ҵܣæžȻæץ̿͵ģÿ˵϶Եý
һһңֻȫһװ磬һɫĻɫСֲۣ˭˭Ҫһ̸ס
ȥģǰ泯Ż֪𣿿ҹȥæһ곤ĹסȺεԸ
ǡعæͷӦ
ĥ䣬ߡȻȥҪյµĵĹˡ˼ͷվԭأ̲סǳ
Ĺ۾һתһͣæСǰں档һСᣬ˲ע˳
;ھȻС̣ʵĹķæǸȥ
ֻûͷӬһңȥпܻȥĵط
ң˺ѣĵô࣬շĽҲû˳𲻱ġ
뵽Щ޴Ҳ˲û᲻ᱩ¶ݣһ·ṦĹ⡣
үֹӡͬʱĶȾͳεǸϤӰһе壬ε̾ǼһֱڻԭԼͷ˽ᣬֻҹֳصĳ̸뷨
Ů֮İսûȤٰԼȥֻǲݡ
ǸȥεһȾ˵׷ȥ
ĵĹĿһˡ
һ·ͨ裬˵Ҳ֣һ۾ͿЩľİ⣬ϵʯ·ֲĹھȣʲôɰġֻ˼۾ҳؼڣһֱĳεԾ
⹬̫ŵĹϵϽСĵԼϢǰ
ķǰҪҵӦ棬͸ֽиڴϵɫãȥЩ
ӦþǼīƣݹò书ǿǸ
óɴ棬ûаԼƷһֱڵȺʱûãȵī´ĻᣬҲûĳȥѨ
һ߳εҲᵽɤӿڡ
֮Σֱɡ
һ۱ҿɱȲǡ
īüһЦڵϢ˷ƾǹҵ½Ƕ
һûͷҷϻ
īȫûвϣߵƲһۣ㻹ûǸ¡һᣬͿԳ忪Ѩˣʱôʰ֪ߵغС
һͣݺݵҲҪѲƤ
һתЦеǷ޹ɡ
īһ߰ڳѨһ߻شﲻ˭Խġ
һۣǽˡ
Żˣ֪𣿡
˵ʲôī˼תֻǵõϢ˵ŮʱɱѾȥԼϢȻҲСϡ
Ļƺܴ˶ھȻǺܿҪλ ˡصġ Сüīɫһ䡣
ȻûļڣͼָһīƵѾ⿪һԡ
īǿŭôһὫﱹҡ
˺ߣ⿪īϵ·һƵӣ֪Ů˶಻ࣿڴǿ ӡ֪᲻
ܿ켾īֻʣһ׿㣬īҲ֪Ҫģϵıķǳ޺޵ĵԼڳ˸ֻӭơ
ùԹԸҽѨȻԺһĺѿ
ͷвҡŭɻȥֺݺһīһڲĴҲ£ʵ С
δ˵Ļ·ס
õңǵıоѾʴȵˡԭɱ㣬²ȥ֡⸱ӣʲôˡһЦ
ԭʷ绪Լ׽Ū°ڳ˻ӭƣǴİˣ͵ǾȻûˣͺˣҪɱˣҲûǸӡ
īۣϵıĳһ£µԼϵɴûڣŷģӦò֪Լ˭ɡ
˿ת򿪴˺ߣҾͲˣҵҲˡԼΪ֮ɡ
˵꣬һŨȴӴðһϸɤ쳣ĺѽʧˡ˾Ȼ𰡡Ĺʧˡ
ܿнŲѸīƱۣ͵һһþѨȻʰ·ϴ
ʱšһ߿īƼĳ־һƣսŵûͱһɨ˳ȥ
תͷŴ󿪵ĴīһƬࡣ
֮ܣձؽٱֻء

һһůĻ㰡治ʡġ
ߴ֪ͣҵ
Ȼ˻£סεſеĻЦ
óĻӣϻͶһĲݶȻһϸɤӸ˼
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Ⱦһһ߼εþٶԭȰŵĺõ·ߡ
ҹѾֵֻǵļˡ
빬Զһǳͨһǡ
ˣܳϲĿŹϿļӰ
үϳĺѳεֱ˳Ⱦɴݳ
˫һ£¹ڰҹĽֵ
ٴܰ
سǵĹٱʼƣûжľһ˳ǡ
ϣЩʣ᲻ᱩ¶ݣ
һĿֿε
¶ǳ飬ûҵʬһɡεҲ¶ô֪ϡ
׼ʬ岻ͺˡ¥ߵСʶ
ͬĿﵽĿģ̫ˡ
⻰óϵļ˶˲СӦ
С໹ۣһԵӳҲֻѡĬ
ˣһϣﶼϢ°ɡε˿۾
ڶʱѻȸÿ˶ٶеƣ룬̶ϱƹˡ
Ṧ򣬷Ƚ磬Ⱦ˼·ĳȥ
һУﶼֻ۱ֻۣȻеƣǷһҲû١
ŲŲͷϣỽ
εûۣӦ
ղһֱڴ𣿡

ǲǶˣƽȡ

ȫ
ÿĶһҲûˣҲϢε۾ҪĴ𰸡ذӷŵԼϣ˸λ˯ĸȡ
ָ䣬ͷգ˯ɡ
ıۣǴ˵Ц⣬óεĿⲻԾķᡣ
һжˡ
֮Ҳֿˡ
ܵһߣε̧ͷĶһ˫ۡ
˶ԷһЦݣε˯ȥֻǴȴһת
ܶ鿴ƽˣʵַʽ¿ʼˡ
壬͸
ԣϣעһ֮ҹ

 95 

峿İɫϿգصݼܺʴԼ
ڴϣиյõϢ˼ţһԵ¯ůɢŵζ
СͩСĵŽһֻ͸룬ȴǺҩɢһŵζ
Сͩŵߵǰӣúҩˡ
ȴ·û㣬קеֽ૵ִ˱ӣЩʲôˣԼεأ
Сͩһڲסߣүʵ̫ˣ»ڶѹһ˶²˵ѹƵ˵⽣ϣ涼ڴռүүϳԽԽҡ˭֪Ŀࡣ
ӣǶС˴ҩǳȿȰɡ
ֽһţ߶¯Ҳȡ벻жѾܻˡ
ǡСͩȰ˵һŮ
Ϊʲôȣ󲽽죬Сͩȵı飬˹ҩߵǰ棬ݸҩɷã𹼸⣬ȺȰɡ
Լһ̾ȻǲǵôӦʲôҰεյϢҲӦһúóҩô뷴ڲɣ
üһ壬һ֣Ҳ̫ǣӹ룬Żҩζ˱ǶǿŶģһϡ
Һˣ߰ɡǿŲʣŴ͵͵ָݳ
۽˻ЩѴͳһСֽϣȻߵűȥֻ뵽ĿֱҪˣִӻǧټưĸ㻹ʲô
εոĹ۹һ뵽ЩСܵίǸǺ޲һ
ǱŮӡ΢΢ۣ
һϬĿɨһߵСͩСͩʹ׹һԡ
𣿡һѪ˵½ǶɡЦһָ˵ʱ˼Сүš
㡪
ơҲЩŭԼǼȫǸŮˣ;û󣬡úչ˹ӡһԵСͩ˵
ǡӡСͩ΢΢ϥһ
˦뿪ЩڵϣЩһ֪ưܵӲҲûʸȥȡʲô뵽һĺǻӣʹ޷
үҲǵģⶼʮ˻湫롣Сͩ뵽Щܵί̲סԹ˼䡣
ѹıûʸȥԹȥʣһ뵽˵ӣ̲ס²⣬ǲ˱ˡ
ԼСͩҲ˵ʲô
Ӱ쵽ϣһֱţľ类Ϳһ㣬յġ
ֱſڴ߶Ż񡣾ǰԺ󡭡˭ˣ
ӣӣˣүˡСͩһõϢҴæܻš
ģȾĹʣСͩסԼæͷģүոջ鷿֪˻࣬ūҲ·ǲſ
ˣڻˡϲʹʪ˫ۣ˲ϱָеȲ鷿ȥŲԵüٶôڴ
ү񸾵һ⣬¡ϵһľżݵεϡ
⡢ллˡһ⣬εҲУӹǶԵϸµСľżµķϸơ
񹦾տľżӷε鶼̻൱£һ˾ϲˡȻ͸϶Ҳϲ
үм˼ֻǲ֪ôڡݣ뵽¹ذӵ£͵ع
ûϵʲô㾡˵ҪܰæҾƴǡε˿оµľżֿЦЦ
ǡǹӽʹ顭ԥ˺һŵӽǸɵͿľͰԼ˳ȥȻ˵ḺΣǲġոүһ˻ү
ûб˼ֻԼĺӣῴȥүΪӽ˵Ҫ£Ǹʵˣ˵ʲôֻ뵽⼸ָָ㣬ʲôԿηӽӻܵ˺
֪ˡһͷʹ磬Ҿ͸εæعһ̾ӵڿ̫أĵǡֻû뵽һʵĴᡪ
ллүллү༤һֱϹ
ա
ȥεǸСܹӰǼû
үȸˡһΣǳʶ¡
εͷȻ󻺲𣬿ǰżղգһ̾ȻԼϵ絽ϣҹ󣬳ҲӼ·
ԭСܶԵЩոֺ˼֣ĿתĿԼ𶼲֪۾İںãֱϣ¶ɻ飬գõʲô
ǶСż棬εǶŮͯͯľżŵϡ
þ£Ȥ¶˺ͯЦݣȻЩСʣգ͸𣿡
εһ㶣һ˿ᣬϲ㡣
ģллգϲβסϲóεͷһ
ϲͺáССͩȥ⻹еҪȥ㡣εСͩȻֶһԵ
СȻȥˡСĵǶľż߻Сͩߡ
ӰʧתǣεҲջߴȥֻûļתͷԼ˫۱ס
²˭ɤ
㰡ֻС꣡˵ţεץסԼ۾֣תȤ
׼ᣬôòΪ㱻˭ȥˡĵ֣ź촽Թ
㣬벻˭ѾĻĹҡεϵıֻʱеɡ
㡪ߣˡ˵߻գһ۾ߣε״ҲţǵȤδضǱ˴֪ͺá
ҪԶˣſ׷ϣȻֶ̽ȥܿ϶ĵЦ
ӣôˣСͩЩĿޱӡ
˵յȻỹǶľż͸¶һɼʧ䡣

 96 

εǰӣһԵĿתĿ
һڲ裬һɵϮ˺˿ڳ㣬̲סٴƷ
ϰ˺֮Ļ𹲴һңòڡ
Ҳ֪ڸ𡣳εʶĿеӣⲻȥ
ԭΪĳֶϲ⣬ڿԼĵһﰲοԼһǷǳصһˣƵ˾ӡںģԼȻԼĴжѡ
ףҲԸܹߣ˵֪ˣǡĵ׻̲סʧ䡣
ʱ䲻ˡε̾һջѡȥӭĿ⣬ҲһֱվⰡ
ᴹףһƳļͷ£֮οһ㵭ĻɫĹԭҲԱˣһǧ֮ӣͬ׵ˣҲСһֱĽϲˡ
µղʲôﻹôһССĿ
˭᲻Լ۰أ
ĽëΪԼĳ΢΢ĲҲ֮½ľסȲ°ڣŵð˵ֺ
Ϣɡεӣ΢΢Ŀ
ĲֵĿ˵ĺΡأָԼߣʵ
ٿᡣε΢΢һЦ뿪һʱ䣬͢ѹ˲ٶҪûôϢȥ˯ɡ
΢΢ȵ˲Щʧߵεߣü˳Ŀա
ֻҪܿˡ
СһһҪܻææܾ㡣㻹ȥϢɡεָָǰѻСߵۣЩûмСʱ㲻Щ⣬Ҫ»һѣһǴӽĻ¡
աһɼ֡
㡭εһСϱӣҲ˵ʲôػֻЩεȥഩ·ȻŵӹԵĻӰɡ
ȥӦƵģæȥŵӹСһԡ
εЩЦԼαϵ£Ȼϣҹˡ
Ӧһȴ쳱ȾԵɷǺÿ
͵յһƬƣ˵ﲻһů⡣
գҿ԰ʲôӵӡţһԾԾ顣
ǸҪȰҰ£ȻǡǡǸµʷĿѾԹһˣҲȥεջߣŬܽ顣
ҿõǰʱͷ
ε˿ȻЦȿҪĿҡתͷæԼϵ顣
䰲˵ȴʼ޷ƽ
һװʱԼһӰ쵽ԱߵŮӡ
һֱһûһµķӣͷʹѡ
κ
գʲôָ棬Щɻʵ
ҿŶǣǸÿ֧εûжϸ͡
ӰĺܽĿԸܵԷ¶ĺץ½ǣŵĶЩʪ
˵Ӱȫ˴ͷ˵ֱţǹ⹴ģ֪Զ㣬ˣ
ǻȥòã䰡ǿķһֱĵ
УҪٿ޵ҧ
̫ˣֻҪڳһӣȫûˡˣԼѾ뵽¥ΣɲǼΡ
ǣҾú䰡ȥӣıӶûоˣĺŶ
ɡðɡһиʲô˷ð¶Ⱦɱҡ뵽Ⱦǧ겻ĺ;Χ¶ֵ˼ȡ
ģȾġü̲סΪ˵û
һۣǶ㣬ǲһģŻᡣ
ҲǲһİɣҾܺáָָϵӰ΢΢ŵĽŮӴӲܻǰ׽ҲϣȾǰֳں
⻰һ˵СЦݣǻ˵ڱرġ
ȻҲҪġ
ЦţҲ¶˿ɰСѡ
ˣ߰ɡһۣȻͷԼķȥ
űͬԼԶһļᶨ
ʱڵ˲Լǽǣάǰơ
ϺĿѪ³ֵҸоɢͬһſСʯﵴ
ָоδá
ε˵е飬ĲɵĿǷʱĿȴ͵͵ڴԵŮӡ
רעƽȥЩͬԵЩ࣬ȴ׽ĸоֻһڴ˿̿ȴĶĿ⣬ŮһģȴĸȫС
ſţȫֱԼź˷Ӧ
Ҫ˾ȥϢɡ⣬ԼҲ޷ĹĿ⣬ȥԡ
ҲģСպòãЩκοԺദĻᡣ
εεġһҲðȥֻˡ´λ鷿ˡ
ֽϵԾţʱţӰҲıС
ѽ鴦꣬εŵ˵˸ⲻСԱߡͷһԭǿ˵Ѿſ˯
ĺ˯ݣεһ̾ôһôǿ
ỽûӦε֮£ֻý˺ᱧϡ
ΪǺñӣεȥʰӣȴԼ½Ǳš
գȥģЩʵĿ
εߣȥʰӣ˯ɡ
ߡҪߣ鼱ס½ǲţʰɣգϢɡ
ɡԭ˯齵ġ
Ϣɣòãһְóε޷ľܾ󾹹ʹĵͷðɣȥ򡣡
𣬷һƬڰһ¹ϴεͷһůԼ
ûļӦܿ죬ĴһƬסһ˫ҲĻסҪֹľܾĽס
㡭ǿǵζܣεþƿС𣬲Ҫ
δĻٴʧһƬ۴ͷסĺóεһʹ
ߣ߹һ缡ĺθĿС
ڽʧεԼȴ޷ѡ
̵ļ뾪ԭղŵμ˶ѡ
ڵĴƾŵ¹˵۾ʱȴԼһƬ֮УȻʰ쵡
ôϤ
ֻûļ룬һֱѹֵȴ·̱ȫȼǷߣεԾĻӦǡ
ӵڴϷȵóε˫۱룬һ·£ֱǰͻ㣬һָֻıһֻĴڲ࣬ѾЩĻȡ
Ϊĵطסĸо𲻰Ťӡ
ʱգʱᣬָоȴֺȫû취˼ֻܱܵĽк
ӿϵĶ»صĴϣһҲ̶ȥ
кܿ٣һΣֱܵͦ˱ͷ
ĴһճĸоεŻȻĻع
찡ô
ڵشߵĶҿطԼˣȻȻЩʵ̫ˡ

 97 


е鱨û˵īưվһԣҲǰӾֻ峿ʮĽڰѹֵĵĹγĶԱȡ
ãīƲų˳Ĭ£ҪĻӻ𣿡
һ£ޱûôסεտ϶˷׵֡
û뵽ôɡīǸŪԼС϶ҲŻģ뵽յ龰޲һ
̧⿴ȥմȥ˴ʹյĸǽֻʣһƬҽ
˵ԽҲ𺣣ʬҵûСȥԼľɫӿ򴲣ۡ
ҵʬ壬һûļܳĹ̡ī˵Լ뷨Ϊһж̫ɺϣòǸһεմͨˣȻƽһķ¥ôѡ
һǹ˳ǳЦεգ׻С
£ǽȥҪôԣȥɱСһйͷ֮ޡ
ȡ³֡
ȣʲôīʣֻûļ˵͸𰸡
ȱԽɱ¡

ʱѲӰ
ﵭʧ䣬£ŵСֽͩĶϴˮݡ
Сͩʲôʱߵ?ǰ˵ʲôһûһµŷ˿״ʵ
үһȥϳˣǰū˯ᣬû뵽үͦ˵ġСͩһһ߻ش𡣵۽鵽Щĺۼһ죬漴üЦҪҪϵԵ?
Ҳҵһԡķ죬ü֮Ҹ硣뵽Լľٶ㿪ʼ̡˵ԼĻղûоܾӦԼ˵ﻹİɣ
뵽⣬ϻοҸЦݡ
ӣҪҪȥתתⶼöˣҲóȥ͸͸ˡСͩµı죬ѻµıøСˣֻص󣬿žͷ˵
ͷ޽ôһֱڷСͩһ˵ҲȥΪ˷ĵطֵĵ
žվֻһص
ӣôˣСͩżǰѯʡ
ûû¡Ͽɵĺ⡣ӵ⣬һйԪͻΪص²顣ЩǰС۹ʱûϣû뵽
СͩӲ鿴һ߻ţû𣿡̧ͷһԼƮ룬˫죬˵ӣԳԵЦӣүǲѾǸˣ𣿡
ᡣĻش𡣺ˡǸ֮ԼȻ˯ˣҲ֪ջ᲻
һɬҸСͩдƽ¶һүȴһ򵥡İүɣϣү˹ӿɺá
ӣҪҪϢ£ȥ͵ԵĹҪСͩæȥ
ûϵҳȥ߾ͺˡУСͩлл㡣ıͣЦݺǳȴǷģһлл޾˼
Сͩһ۾ʱЩʪǰ˼Ц̣˵˸ûõӣûޣû뵽һ仰ȴ
ºڵ⣬СͩƽȥóԵġ˵꣬񶼹˲ϵļæߣ¹ӻῴᡣ
ЦЦΪԼ˸÷ױųķšﲻǰűˡ
ฮܴ󣬵ǲֱȽϼ򵥣ֻԺӣʮ䷿ԺںڵԺӡһԺѩӰɵסʣµľǵķ䡣
˲࣬ฮĺ˳
һһƣڲס»ϲյĵطоﶼϢúаȫС
·˶۾λӣЦЦȻǰߡ
ոǸ鷿ǰӦյķˡѪ죬뵽ԼڷһУͺһĲʵ
ڴһķȥȻ֪ỹû³ȥҲˡ
ֻ΢ȵȴ˲䣬ŷڵˣǸӵĻϣʹѡ
Ҳô

ԭ˵Ц顢ӽ˽Աһŭŵȫɵס
ʲôعҲûӦ
˸ոڷϲŮһʱ飬ֵζĻͱ֮ĵΣӾʹˡ
ϴξ͸߹㣬Ҳôһ߽
ҲϴδֵļӿԺ³ɺһ㣬ƾʲôҡҸ㣬ҾҪôˣǸ֣һ鷳
㡪ķ֪յǻҲͬܽУֲûյͬ⣬ֱΪɵԼ̡Ȼô޼ɵ֪Ѿõյ׿ϡ
뵽ߵĿܣ͵صһʵļ
㲻䣡㲻ôµĺױŭ
˶ӣһԵķӽǽŲѣһ˻֡
Ҳ䣿䣿˦Ȱķ飬Ľе
üǵ˭𲻾ǰ͵ڴʱԵޱȣҪ㣬ҲǸ򡣡
仰׵ʧȥǣݺݵصҶһ޶ϷûȤҵģҵģҲҵġҺͱǰںӦüĵ˭ҲüչôӦȢ㣬Ϊлվ⣿Ҹ㣬£Ķ򣬶ίȫóġӦ㱻̣ˣбôõŮȢ㡣
˵Щڲԣ˵Ӱֱ繣ںܵҹ¡ӽ鲻ãص˵ֻû뵽պһȫƻˡ
Ļ˲һ㶣漴ĶЩ
ǲļĻɽĻصԺǸ׷·ͳǰ͵һΪȴļʱȴޱȵĴ̼ϵÿһ񾭡ձѹµĳ䣬ѾǸɾˡ
ɫķףʶԼ˵ʲôﲻڡ˵ЩʲôȴһӰ档
֮조žһ죬˶ɵۡ

 98 

һ̫죬ڳûüӦһһӰǰվǵӽŵ˺ü
գû°ɣһع񣬼æǰȥһԵͬٶǰСİѳε
ͷѾڵأīĳɢεǱ
գûô
̧ҿӶߴεһھ̲סĿ˼һȵҺǻ
æŴεȥǵѪʮ㣬徹ܿƵ֮ȥҿԼӦһû˿
գѪˣվұߵע⵽Ķ̲ס
ʲôѪҿսϸƣȴʾⲻҪ
˲ϵĻεվֱԼԼ˼
Щҵĳɢǰε̧ͷǰĶˣϵıȴһƬƽֻǵĺȴĿƣ͵ġ鵽ΪֹҲҲã׼ˡ
գҡסʱеίѡ
εգʲô˼Щ㲻ûȣƾʲôָСŭָųεʲôб̣ˣСҪ˺졣
龿Ҷ֪СֻֻƬﻹǲҪȡĺáУµļ£ҪôšСȻȥ
εĻͷϼ˰ͣѿʲôļ£ֻҪСһҾͲô۸ҪСǲǣðбһֱҿܻʲôʱ򣬱û㣬ոպ˵һûͷء
СȻȥεϲΪȴ̲סĶȾһʾºְתϡһҪ޳ӣЩӱܵתߡ
˵Ҳã֪ղŵĻǹˣǳԱܣ֮䣬ѡ̻ںǸ
Բ𡭡С˵
زסóε¶οЦݣĸԸ
͸濴ε΢΢һ飬۵˵
ŭϣֻǺԼ˵˵ĻñΪ˱޹İһơղŷһУյռȫ˼
С㣬ȻȥɡҪȻȻҲ߲ˡε˿ЩЦ˻˵ͨڹฮ˵࣬һûһԼ类ˡ
ɫһ䣬˼ŷԼɱŨ񡣲ںһͷȥı飬ȴڿǵۼ󲻽͵һһ˵ĸоͷ
С𡭡ػһ
߰ɡֵ鿴һۡ
Ļ΢΢һŸӵĸ飬޺޵ĿǼۣΨвĵ˦ȥ
һߣڳ˶˿ӽǾһղŮӵ̫ǿˣվһԵǶеĪĺ¡
ļİתҿ˿ڡǶˣһһ̲סʲôûŪͶִˣҰˡʹʹҸ
˵Ż˿ĴȫܵĶ˿ȥĳŸġ
ˣûˣϵҩͺˡȻܣε˼ʿɶֹȻʰϵۣ򵥵ΪԼ˸١
ͷǵĺ׸Ǻڵ¶ǰߣҽܵӽˡ
ȥҴҩһԵӽԸ¡
ˣǶ⡣εסȻһԵķҿûǰ
ΪʲôҪȥģס·׵ʵ
Ҫҳԭ򣬽⡣УҪʡεһǳɵ˵ꡣ
һʡǣ촽Ӳ
ûˣЩһ˵֣ԶȥȺһطɡ
ǡܵĵᣬ˳ӵӦһ֪һᰲֵĴڷºԼ˴֪ôˡ
εķҵǰͷԲûпᡣ
Զˣų׵ĿһˣĶǸˣҪˡ
˵ѹѾڿ˴תһԵķӽһûôҪûͲᵲǰ
ǣҲ㿴ǻжЦ𣿡
˻ȥΪ˰Ӧø˲Ŷ԰
Ǿǡ
˵ƴοã˼侲Ȼգʪ۾ӽʲôôԸĨġ
⻰һӽǴͷ쵽˽š
϶εǳˡ
ֻǼ򵥵ĳƺ⾹Ȼݱ䵽δ֣Ҫô˵ð
գԲҲģҡҡҧ´׵ֻǼʣԵõյ顣
ǹ飬ǰݣɼģ붼ȥ롣
εֻ̾һƺû뵽˿ôء
ǡҲ𣿡ûȥ˼ֻĻЩ̧ͷԭ΢ҲȾڴ
Ǹ˽еģûʲôɲԵġεεƲһۣͻȻԼưЩĪ
ҽвߵͨ졣
ȻԼȴֺͳһ֪նҲݵġ
ǻǺǰһɡ˵ʵڵģôεҲǻڡεε࣬ʶĻǶԼڽˡ
˳ӵĵͷȻǰһԼ۾Сոպ£ջ᲻ҪС𣬻СߡСⱲѾˣֻһֱߡֻˣһ̻ȥСҲźգĺϲϲϲ㡣
εֱӣ֪ηӦⲢһαףֱ˵ȴһԡ
ҡε̾Լԥ˽ľ档ԽԼŲ˺̬ȣȴ˵ôΪ˶ãʵ˽ӱܵı֡
̧ͷĿЩӱܣһΪѣ΢΢ʧЦܰԼգСźûգС类ȥˡӦõģΪԼҲ񡭡
δ˵ĳײųεķӿһС
࿴ԣڵնʱЩ΢ʱһĿ֮ӽЩ
ү
ͣĳεżѣſæȥţôˡ
ιȥˡӽϵıЩڡ
εһȻ̫ϵıһҲ˼١ڸʲôãú÷ʡʲôʻźá
ȹȥϾ͵ӽȥ󣬳εֻͷԷڵȹȥһˡ㲻Ҫ˼룬úϢᣬͲҪˡ
Щѵ˵ЩεĲȥı飬Ѹٴų
ֻû߼ڴĵĿɵͣ½ŲݺģǵԼûתȥ
ûԼķ䣬ȴæס
ࡢүˣ˵лϵĿ
εӦһ뵽ػȺСȥ
ߵ׼εĵųε
ſʹ޲ѡ
һеȴһʥּȥ˹ֱҲѾǰҹ顣

 99 

ฮεͷ֮Уѻɽ鲾ͷʹѡ
ˣˡŶѵϸߵۣεЩĸİѱʶһԡ
Դƹܰٹٵ󣬾Ҫֵų͢ϳ⣬ÿ춼дССݣǣҪĵۣرҪľ;ȥ鷿
ǰһӼ챨ȴ޲ߡ
ս³ԽǾսʿǹ·ȴûеλת۾Ҫ붬֮ºܶʿӦսɳǰĽ졣һһļӼ챨͵֮ھʮݡ
εͷʹı̾ʲôǮʱ٣һǮҲԱˡϴˮѹ˹ӣﻹĵǮ
˼ת֮䣬뵽취ǽ裬ֻǡǲý衣
εĳ̾һεŲᶨĴֻǸһžͱˡ
ҲҪȥ֪Ҫȥңæ˵ʲôҪȥǰĳûءҪȥ㣬ֱ۸
һԿıóεжѣЦЦȥ˽ǮģȥҲġҩͰȥˣҲҪˡ
ǵȻЩϣҲûˡεĻԭֻΪ˵٩û뵽ȴŭ˵ʲôҪˡ
û취εһЩεȥ·ɣһȥ
˼ҽ·Ưʧġھ߰ɡһЦ˵ĸ첲ǰϡ
һҪ֧
ߵĳεҲֻÿЦһĺףͻȻСԽԽˡ

ôҲû뵽Ȼôֿˣǿ֮ͺɫ˵ѿ
䱦ⶼѵ⣬˶벻ˣ˵пûһ˿Цݡ
еţƹһӣʵѾ顣
εƳһ ĳɼջߣԼһŭ죬ɵÿЦȻɫС㣬ҽǰҪ̣˽ǵȻ̸ɡ
ãлָ⣬ЦĴݣɫոе䣬ЦЦҪ̸£ǲʰɣ
⡭ڳεΪ֮ʣȴĳ
ʧˣôиˡ
һЦ˵˸㻺ȥ
ķӦûӦ
СҪˣεع񣬵ȻһЦ
뿪ƫ֮Ųһ԰
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ֻĿ԰Ļݲݣ¾һ˶ҲΪƫڽӴˣ˳ȥȻҲпڰУ뵽ܣЩع۲ܡ
ʱһɫСԲ
ۼֿץסǸСţӣû뵽ӡ
һĵİ̲ס㻹ʣһܳԣȣʵĶˡɰ
ӵһëһĶ䣬˷ܲѵðĳ˿˽ŵС
òŷʷʵĶȣŬ
ûеĻԺҾˡ˸±Ȼ
Сһһ˼ͻȻӲݶֵӰ
˭ʲôʱǵġղŹӣȻûֲݶŸˣ̫ˡ
ҡǡѩĿеӣصҵСҡ

뿪֮쵹Ҳû̫Ϊѳε˵ĻҲһֱڽǮôǮϴת
ǸˣǸϵļ̡εΪǱʰ׬ʵǷ˲Խ˵
˸ʱڴɹʶ
εòϣǸǳмʶˣ̸Ǿϸ㣬ؽ޾ϸȫءƲǿƵĸԲ˵ĴϻۺԶóεЩĿ࿴
ʽ֧Ԯνս£εѾߡ˷ֵİա
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ոպһһĹͷ˴еĿġҪ֪ɲô˵ġ

εϲɫСĿ̫ʱˡ
̸㿴ҲɵĻÿ𣿡ЦЦȻĵεȥһ˵һ߻ϵսƷ
ǡҵ
ڿϵĶԭƽٿذθߡ
ҿͦÿģժ˲١ֵ𣿡
һ¶ĿеĻȻȫûע⵽ԽԽɫһ㣬ֿĻǼҵĻ԰˺öءҵϲݲˡ
ⷬ˵ɫһ䣬ЩҧгݵԭԽֻڲëͱڣ࣬еЩ۵ͬն
ЩѪѪӱԽר԰ģ½⻨֮١ȴСọ̈̄ˡ
Ǹӹšһۣ漴ϳ˾㵵ı顣
ܹ𣿡С˾䣬ȻеĻݸһ㡣ӣһţĲ֪ôҪ˰ҼҵЩȫժ㡣
ֻǺ޺޵صԼûлӦЩİͷһתС𣿡
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ǸνлֱۣҲǼ¡εȻЦЦܱĪ޻֦Ҫð
һҪӣεǳʶûж˵ЩǸĿæС㣬ʱ䲻ˣǾȸˡ
˵꣬ȻЩĸоȴûһһ޹ı顣
ֱҴţεŵĲŸҷղתһ߾ľͷӦѵĶᵽɤۣûǡ
εƽ޾ɫЩ棬㵽ǲǹģ
ƲһۣȻ𴽽ǣ¶˵óѵЦݣ˵ǻһֵǧҲ֪Ǽ١ҪģβҲŹѪˡ
˷ܣĳεǽһ
ղһôʮ䰡

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ڣһš
ٳεĻһ죬ҵдɡ
޳ǣüͷһ棬˵޳ǿؽݣ
ǣν޳ǾֺؽûͶİղްӺͷؽƺ֧͢ǹǮǼȿؽԼļ԰ֿάطٸҲҪɳһæֻҪȫͬģؽݲʱ⡣֪˷ΪΣ
Թ⣬˷Ǻãǹ⡪üһΪѡ
ģѾ̸ף˴һḺ޳зã˹սʿǵĶ¾ҲȫеС˵ƥԵΪЧ
һ˵꣬ϲɫ̾øŮӣ
εҲֻЦЦ޳ǵǮģΪرԺݡݡݵһҵӪ˵㣬Ҳ˵ҵ¢ϡһչҵǣҿ׬Ĳһ㶼Կ
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ųεЩĵı飬ԭ׼ǧȴ仰ôҲ˵ڡ
ֽסԼļ羱


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Ҳǡ
һЦĸԣ㲻ȥҲ͵͵ȥܼ
Σε̲ס̾Ϣ̾˻ŵðɣֲ㣬һ
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ܱٶӵĺáֻ¹İΣҲһΰɡ
õ϶Ĵ𸴣ʱߣӦͺˡûԡ
ҲңεЦҡͷǰ軵ˡǺðɣȥóԵģˡ
˵ţ뿪ȥ
յſڣȴֻڳæ
һȴû硣
緢Եúǻţʧվǡ
εЩķӦ߽һӣЩϲ˵ģʲôʱܺã
ٹһͺˡЩȻĴ
վȡεðỤ̋Ʈһ㣬ʳ󿪡
ĻҲͷû˵
磬˺𣿡εվԣ΢תͷ
Ѿûдˡһ
Ǿͺá
ȥ˶û˵˳Ĭ
εĿĲԺʱںӱߵΣǸһ˵Բһ߿ӣ˭жమεա
Ѿٻȥðʲôλá
ʱ˵ĸ˼йȥڵİӷŽڣЩİ̾һóεۡ
磬㻹ڸɡԺҪΪҶˣֵõġ
ε˵Щˡ
罩ǣԶȥıӰĨ벻Ũҡ
ڶ죬ʱεѾ
ԼŸˣĲУκ²˴ֻֻйޡ
üթȻַʽɷ
飬ߣ׷ϣô

 101 

㵽ģεڳǰ˰š
Լߵ͸ĵ磬ӵĻ޴
ֱǴ粽룬ԼҪ˯ſš
ĽȶˣҲ͵ȥ
˽ʮΣǰ·磬书ߣṦ磬Ǻ١
Ÿչòҵ˦磬ӿµĲ㿪ֻһһ߻ͷûעǰ·ţһİԺӡ
Щԥƿŵţ洫һת
ͣϸĳƺһɲ֮⣬·˵ڵ˼ַ֮·Թ˵˼Ѷִһ˿ԹľһȻ
ȫֱػع
ӽأʲôСվǰ棬ȻһԸ˽ȥ
ҲΪ⣬С棬ֱߵԺеķ¥ߡ
ͷ¥ĴȻ࣬˺кøСֻΪԼһֶеҲڲͬ
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΢΢ԺֻˣС಻ڣҲʱɲ١ȻĳСе⣬ֻǲ֪Լʲôʱǵˡ˵̬ȣǱҲǼĵ顣
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˿Ҳ룬ȻԱȽϻãõļҽȴĳԵ÷ǳš
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˵Ҳûȥı飬һ˰ʱ·ȥ
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ֻΪЩ飬ֻҪܰﵽе㡣
ֻǣ򵥵ĻٱҪʱ֪Լڻʲô

 102 

ϣ˷ܵҾѧҽˡ
ӽЩӽе⣬ΪʲôҪѧҽ
԰Ҫ˭ѧһԽŵ
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ͣ£¥վŲɲʹ࣬°ıӰС࿴Щѹ
ôɫһˣεյȴƫƫֻǸСӣΪӸеֵ
С࣬дŸʦͫ¥ƳĬ˵ǽھͻȥ
ǡСһϲ뿪ˡ
æſģȥдŰɡ¥һЦȻֵȻˣǵö׼ݵġ
Сԭ˵ʱԹĵı˱죬ǣȥ벻ͨôǸСԽԽˣԴǸСԺ󣬹ӵıḻ˺ܶ࣬һ룬СҲôȡ
Сߺ󣬷¥һþոյıֽ˰ɫķĩĹк
Ҳ׸Ǹ첻
ġ



 103 

εһСӪǰʱߵıԽҲַʽһʱ߽֮ѾǷণľԱı߾˽䱸
ɼʮ֧ɣңԶ߲ԭԳһЩ̲ʹԼ£׳ֻ͵Ĳԭ˲ĵδʱȳַ֮ʵ
Ǹ׼ĲԭŮӣŵ͵װһƵۻĺܽεֶ֪κܺͲ󣬵ȴͬŮûеʣһĺױĵġƴòȴԽܵĻƢ
Ų豭εŶЦȴп࣬ҵĿˡ
һһ󣬱˲Ϣ䣬ǲزסµˣе뷨ϣǸϲŭɫôʱ侹Ȼ鶼ûб
㻹סĹ࣬ϼôѵȻ治ɫһǵһвġ̲סߵ
˵컹񣡻ϲɫ·ĶƢ
͵͵ЦһεƽˣŶŮӲֻǸͨˣȻġֻ֪С㲻ɱңкξ֮С
һĳΪ˭ɱѵű͵Ϯ𣿡
ɱңֺαòþƵĹţƴ֮ģҲǵһμεЦɫѿɫ쳣ƽҲûдҪ͵ϮС㣬СûұżҰѵҲˡûһϲС̸̸Ļᡣ
һ㶣̸ʲô̸ģɱôˣ㣬Һ޲ðƤĹǡ
˵Сȥݳڿε죬ս˫Уֻˡ
ۣߵϻ˵˵ɣ⣡
˹ķ±ӣεȵ˵ͽģţ
ͽ⣿ЦǲվҪˣΪʲôҪͽ⣿ųεЦһ
С֪ɡεıͻȻüΪһһٵ˵ݳŲԶСɽһˮأƽˮũһµı꣬ͷˮʹﵽߣʱբˮǵʿε֧ȫûǽһһ㡣
ʲôǣЩԭĳôĴС
ԼĻãεǻǸǰ취İ취Ͷ·²ߡ
ԣ㿪բˮǵĳô죿ѵ㲻ˣ
Ļóεһ㶣Ů˼תĵܿ죬εװҾȻ뵽ⲽȻѾźһС⼸ڵİѾҷߣھ͵Ŵˮؽء
㡪û뵽ƻô꣬ŭָȴļ˵һᣬһӣǶȳȥ
ǡԭųεļ˳ȥ
ͷβεüëû̧һ£ɫƽðҧгݡ
㾿ô
Ҫ˱
룡ȫò״Ծ
ǲΪޣͿֱȡǣһƣ˳ƾ𡣡εĿŰһ죬֪Լ뷨ǽֵȻûĹԣôǧֻҪȫһģͬУǱ˵ռݶǳ˵Ρ
Ц
ûзӦεһתЩ˱ҲΪǺáȫʣͯԭأԱԱô±ԽıѾɱˣ˵ͻ֣Сѵ볢ܵеζ
ֻⷬаѨôµľ飬ǰһѪָסˡ
ͣضȲ
ҹǸǳʴȵˣϲսԸսҳǰرϣԴɺͽ⣬֮á
εĻðͣ½ŲЩɵĿɫʼһŮӡ
̬ǺȲ裬žԼһֱǣߡ

ҹܾҡڵ֦ʱʱڱ¹⣬յҹûĳ˻ž
ŻζһĵĸоӿϺ䣬ڷһŨҵĿɬθᣬ;ҵĸŻ
˺һǿվײײߵߣ¡
ɫ԰ֽɫȴҲżƲȻĺ죬ǸղŸŻ¡
Сͩվһԣæȴǰɼܿ࣬ίʵܡ
ȥҡĺ䷢ɳƵ͵һĵĸоٴӿϺڣֻͣоȥ
ڶԻĽѡ
㣬ҩ˸ңҲ֡ĿһԵˣ˵ľʹࡣ
ΪԵõҸʱȴԸпķʽǸجβûн
ӣӲݶ˺ܴ󣬷ù˵˵ԺҲˡСͩ˫ͨĿŲȰӡ
ϣǺǣԸϣҲҪֻ֡ҸеġʹųľôӰҲס
Ҫٵ֪
׼Ҳ׼֪𣿡һ
ٺһϵ
Сͩ㶵ĿµֲԾȭͷô죬£ٵҵһŹҲԭԼ
죬ϵĺɫˣǺߵƺҲǰһЩо޶ַ飬벻ͨôõˣΪʲôҪô̡
СͩҶӡӡʹ
ʹСͩæعȴǰľŵȫɵס
ԭİȹѪմȾѪһȹȾ˿ĴĿġ
СͩһһԼȴǲ쳣ӣҰӡ
ҡû¡㡢ȥҴˮһŵס
Ǵݷĳ㣬ɻ
ǣȥСͩŵľܡ
ĲڴߣҧŴԼһ˿ʹ˺⣬Ӳشһ¹Ρ
ʹеԼĶʲôڻ䣬֮ǴµճҺ岻εĴΪһж׼ɿʱѣĸоȴͻȻϮһת

 104 

ϵ˫ĿգͷǺһϸüͷ𣬴˫ֲԾСȭ
ǼҹӵôˣСͩżʣһֲϵǺˮǲϵð
¥ջذ֣վһǵСͩҵ¿ҩϢͻû¡ֻǾӲݵĶĶںϣӣԺǲˡ
Сͩһ̱ڵأﲻŵţô
¥ĻͬʱҲ˻һ
¶̣ͬΪӣǻԼЩȥͷС
߰ɡ
ƮѸٻعΣ
ĶѾѪӹܳŵѾܲסӦõҩϵΪϧˡ¥΢΢ۣ˿޿κεֵ꣬нҩҲֻٻꡣɾԼ֪ģеⶾҩɽġ
ꣿȻҲûа취𣿡
¥ҡҡͷжʦҲΪ޺ޣΨǺֿܵ޺޵ĶԣҲα겻αġǺĳɽ֮ߣǧ꿪ǧڵӿ϶ǵȲˡ
˵ǺܽⶾȷһΣ˵ѪǺĵҩԣԷŲֶεҪѪ
¥µǺܽٶǽⶾʥƷ㲻ܽⶾҲϡͶԣǴǧѵãҲֻϿûмʵ
ЩֻЦϽסȻ˵
ôˣ¥ϵı顣
һ̾ĵѪǺģٸ˻ѪˣȻһġ
ͬҲãҲñЦȾ˵ǴλѪ֮һֱܲ˺ŵĶȾлòˣҲûϢȥ¥Ǽû˯ֻҪһȾ˵Щ龰̲סᣬͻȻԼûãֻ鷳ȻڿȥûһǰĲʹʹ²
뵽⣬ӼᶨҪѧҽľġ
Ȼط飬չˡ
㲻ȥ𣿡¥΢΢һ㶡
ˣδ뿴ңҾҲﲻʲôæҡͷ
¥һЦ̫СԼˣ㵱ֹѪܵȲѾΣˡ
¶ЦֻǺŵζŻڴ͵û뵽һĻ
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ֻҿġ鷳ˡ˸ȻԼȥ
¥ıӰȴ˼ﻹյõϢ
ѪﾹȻǺģ
һֱ˯ţֱȴǲԲƽûһ˿
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΢΢ۣСͩһֻֽӹ룬һں꣬üͷûһ¡
Сͩһ㶣ҩܿġǵǰϲҩÿζٵ²Ĳ鲻Ը꣬ǸʱĹǺΪҪõүһϢٿҩҲһβ©ĺꡣ
СͩؿﵣǸ֡
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ٶȰѷ¥Сͩ˲ϴ졢쿴Ҽҹӡ
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¥üȻȻ˾ͺˡ
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ԭƽ޲һ˿ݣСͩϲֻǼָֻ˴ͣЩʧ
һȳȥɣҺ̸̸
¥û˵תȥ˳ִЩСͩ
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Ҫȥһ۸ô졣СͩĴе
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죬һҲ棬ЩĵĲ֪
СӦںԺˣ߰ɡ¥ûı飬˦뿪
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˵ʲô˭Ҳ֪ƾӽôòĿڷҲû¶䣬Ƕ˲й
ƽӹȥ죬һͷ¥ҩ·мһȺΧ̨Ҳظȥ˸֡һŵҪ³
ÿ̵ֲŮӣ˫ۻɢͣȫҲһƤֱϵİ׹ɼȴһϸ͸Ϸź˵Ļ⣬
ÿȻùǡ̲סֱַ̣
ⲻǸƵôôˣ
㻹˵Ǹһ˰Ҳн찡ӦáԼһȵĵۡ
˵ʧ˺ܾãǰҲ֪˭ſڵġû뵽ͱͷˡǰ߸ϵˣڱǱӦ
֮˵ȷݣַȵ٣ݶȴҪҪܵĿ־Ҳ԰˱Ʒˡ
ȥæȺмȺķ¥ôȥһɫͱ˲Ұףôˣ
ŵӦһȻ͵˸ͻȻûźҸ׽Ū󣬾ȻܰȻվ⣬òԼϴεĶûŭ
һпǧĻһҲҾˡӽ쿪ʼ𱣳־룬һôֲĽ㣬˭Ժ󻹸
¥ЩֵĿķӦȻҲûжĸϣֻ˼ĽŲȴ
üͷһ壬һֱڸ

 105 

죬¥ӰСҲûõ𰸣ฮҲһȥҴҵӣʵƲѣãΪԼǲį

ȡ̷ʯͤڣŲԶ²ɣ
ǡҲᡣЩΪѵվԭء
ûϵҽ㡣ԼߣֵصҿǺģ
Ҵû¹壡޴ص
˵ûϵ¼̾ͻˡ⡣˵žͰ簴ʯϡ
ЦôõҲûپܾ
ָץһѺӣ̧Ц˫
˫µ
ִڡӣ˷ܡ
˵ΧźڰӲϵϣҲС
㿴ɣʵܼ򵥵ġץһöڱϡ
ӦһӣСС̣ڰɫӣǧ仯Ƕ˼άԵĺ÷
̣Գֳ
ӣ䲻ȥһҧ˼ģʧЦ
˵Χⶫ޶ã츳ǳҪԲжʮ겻ɹ˵ڱȻǺ츳ġ
Կ˰ѣЦ
룬ҵ㡣
˵壬Ǻ֣տʼʱÿ̸渺ܿŵҵӮֻ̡ԭ˵õĽƷȴǴ鵢ˡ
䡣ΣڷͶϸ
ع²һ̡һһ߼¼̾ͺˡҸտʼѧʱ򼸺ûӮء
ҲѧһѺڰӷֿ£Сʣֹӵү̵ô
ǰδģܶණء壬ҲϴΪңһӾͽˡлУױֻϹʣ˾ȫһˡ
˵ĺãҲŵЦ⡣
ϲ˵һЩΣǶ֪磬йʣǸǶܵõȫİĽ
ĿתĿԼٺһЦ磬ǲǾ̫ˣ
ᡣҡҡͷȻ΢΢ֹۣӵӺϲƲģȤ
𣿣۾
ĵͷֹӺܻá
֪һֱΪӱׯ壬õġĻò˷У˲ԾİͶעϡ
ʵǰġСΪԼ⣬һЩСӶǱġϹŭȴۣΪŵĸоҸ
û̫⣬ֻ΢΢һЦȣү׼ֹ㡪
˵Ǳôʲôʱ򣿡г
һ£Ȼ˵ǸʱүҲˡԸѾ׼ˡ
ѹÿ˶ȥæӣȫ֪¡Ȼ漴Щˬĵ̣ҲһûһµİŪӡ
ˣҲ֪ηӦֻóĬ
ֻǺܿ죬ָֻ飬ʼˣм죬쿪ʼ׼ˡ磬Ǽ塣
ͷȴ˿Ŷڿ˼ӣ˵
֪֪Ϊʲôϲ㡣
Ϊ㲻ҡ
뵽ǰ˵Ļ绺ЦˡǺεȵŲ˵ĻϲǾڲͬɡ
磬ſңҲ°
ߴĴߴعǣµİԱߡ
ĵӿһԵĸоǲˣֻǡֻǸоЩѾĲͬ

¥վ֮ͤ⣬ͤеֻ֮
ԵСһĿԼҵӣЩĳӣҪô𣿡
¥ʹ࣬ʹܿ첻ȴҲС
ӣȻΪʲôҪӦϣοԼܡ
¥˫ֱյĵȻѾʧǹȻСܲζ˵ʲôȴ¥ֹ
ҵС࣬͵ڶİɡ
Ǻҽ˵档
պ
ǱߴϢһʮѾȫˡ찢ϺԼ˵Ը޽֮á
Ϣܿ촫ڣϵŮµն˿Ǿٹڡ
ˣ˵Ҫ𣿡æ飬ϲĿŸմ硣
ߵķ˿ЩңȻٶȸϻš
ϢˣʵүʮǰѾʹͿ쵽ſˡ
Ǿ˵ȾҲˡǳȥһ֡һԵķ˷ܽе
ĵӦһֻֿûʲôء
վŲżӣ
ҧҧһᣬԼͳȥ
Եķ黹ڴߣ֪ȥ·˶óԿ
Ҳǣ½ϵŮӿ϶࣬ҪǴװ˵ᱻ۸ǵͷЦȫھȥ·
磬ҪҪһȥת
ԭܾת뵽Ȼ˶ӣǻʲôʧǵͷӦ
׼ϾæͬõϢСͩҲǿܻط

ε밢ƥһʱֵԵİ޲ֻ
еӭƿɰѰ˻ˣתһԵĳε˵˺飬г⡣
ӵ죬ε˵ʲôһˣҲЦݺͷ⡣
֮п˵ǾһԺƽճԼû뵽
ܹǺõķչ
ʰڹͿȥ뵽εϵЦ
һûСˣҲ֪ôˡ
ֻţеϤȺƮ
εʶȥѰңһжȺԼǣӵգʱдϲá

Լ֣æĵػ˫֡

ε壬ֻżҡ֣ȥΣա
κΰյĻǹ˷ܲѾĻ˫֡
ôˣϽȥ
ϤʶĻͷȴȾϳеĽš
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Ⱦûüشߵ̵¥ͻȻܳʮ̿ͣУ˾Ϳʱɱ
д̿͡ĺԭӵĽֵʱĻңǧϰٵİһֻŵ롣
ʲôˣȻҲǸշӦɫδĳεʵ
С£ŻˡεֻһЦƵ
ԭӦγ̿ʹֻûãЩ¶ƣȻ̿б
ǻȥȾ˵⻰һԾǰȥ
Ѹٰγһɱͷס
ع򶨵ȥﶬȾõǣҺҵط
һ㶣ԵĲġ
̿͵ĿǱҺǲµġȥǡ
翴ǰҵȺֿˣ¶ģãԼСġ˵űҲս֡
ôεеԾ˵ӦúܿܵõϢôûӰ
̿ۿųεĻһ£Цţεգڣ
Ҫ˵̫磬Ϳˣ㻹еͶɣεָ侲ԵİµĿǰһС
Ȥ㲻ﷴ
ͱˣǽ˻ʹˣ̿ͺĻЦһ
ѹô޿֣ͼƻˣҪڽ£𣿡εû˿־壬ƽ쳣
үôȲҪô
һͷĴ̿͸еձĲԣϧʱѾ̫
ߴһͬʱԾʮɢɱˣγһȦεڵΧס
ʲôˣ̿ʱɵۣʵ
ҪˣͷѩӰ
ɱ⣡
һ£ʮȫ⽣Ӱֻ˲䣬̿Ѿ´롣
áɴ۾Щ
ڽۿͷǿĿɿڴ
ȾҼû֣Ǹ˾ˡһݵĳ
һۣôҲ±˷ֳ֡ǱжԴûע⵽ǡ
ѩӰûгֻ֣ۿţʮ˶ѸͣϵɱһޣȻѵأǰ󲻹һյʱ䣬еĴ̿Ѿȫء
εѯѩӰˣ
үѾʹΧҲЮ鷿УյõϢȻдλ顣
ļˡεһ
үõģүűϵѾߡ
εͷţȸںҲġ
ѩӰ˼ϵı鲻ࡣ
ţǰȴฮнһȥ˺һȥʹ
ҲҪȥ
ҲҪȥ
һԱߵİһεɵͷʹ


 106 

֮һѹֵգٹٶһվԣֱֳеŰΧ
˵ϻܿܣˣҪôöԣ㻹㣬͸һʹ죡һĵĹڵϽе
ãѹͳϾҽ㣬ҲҪ
˾ˣҲҪ
᳤̾һˣȥ
ǰ˷ߣյĳεȥ
ϡε˸
˰˸ͷȻˣ࣬˳ɡ
ȹͻϡٹæ¹
ᰲȻȥεŷĵջߡ
ԭĵĻȸں󣬲ûз
εһһ߸ֻ̾û뵽һ־ˣôҲûӰ
Ϥ˼εתͷԶѩСͬաٶˡ


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繫ӣþò
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ˡȱȱĴѾû˼ˣֻıΪʲô
ģôӮĵͲӮ

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µôεһ߻ʯŻûʰǸо֣ЦЦ˰
Ʋ˰һۣЦĺòҡ
ҲŸѧᣬȻ²㡣ߵ
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Ȼ򣬡ôûλáȻ´̣̿϶Ӯ㡣
һۣûʱأиҪҪ
ˣߣǻطɷ˵εߡ
̲סɨˣֻǵ߿һԵʱ۾˲

˻صڹŵɲǣ͵رסεȻ̧ͷݺסĴ
εƿֻδĻֱܿ˻
¶Ĳԥʱ䣬Ǹľĺ촽һܾĻ
ʧǣӵǣڵսתȣ鼸һ˲䱻Ⱦ
ǣεҲѹ֣һµ˼Ѿɷ衣
ΪݺסĴ꣬ڸܵȫһͬʱûиϢĻᣬǵ
һдȫûվվס
ε״ķſ˵˾䣬Һ㡣
ҲǡҿﶼãֻҪģҾġԺ󣬲ٶˡ͸¶ԼµԹ
á
У졪
죿
ͷڰһᣬҾ
ߴεģóε
ûзӦŭϡˡ˵žһҪߵļơ
𡣡סԼû
εһģϲ
ȻЦȻԼʱһᣬת˲Ĵϡ
εĶһûһµĺǣ˫Ҳûţ⿪һ
Ȼһ£ εͻȻɫȷڣ
۽ǵֱ̫ɶˣʱˣʲô󲻺ڡ
εһɣȴһЦҲ˵ҲûмĿ
ľȣߵĹ˲һѹ档
ڵġ
εǳ磬ǻʹ
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ˣﾹһ˿ǻ㵽Ҫô
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סļ򣬸оаѻȼգյʧȥǡ
ڲ֪ʾ˵һ̹һõ˾òʵ
ɼǣߵļ򣬷زƽ̹С£Ҳҿ
ƲͷεΪˣ͵һЦʼַĺ촽Ȼһ·£ǰ㣬ĸоһ
ε˳ưڴ괦ʱͷȦȦǵµһ
ǵķʹޣ֪ԼôˣֿǿҶʵĳÿһ񾭡
ֻǷĸоûά̫ãĲλһʪůΧʱɵشϢһʼ֪Լڶ϶˵Ҫ ֮ȴȫɥʧ˼Լʲôˡ
ȱ΢΢ֻֿҧԼֱݳ
ε̧ͷѾ֮ɫ˽˫ۣ˵ġ
ʥˣͬԼϲˣܵԼ˼άʧȥƣݺݵѹȫ»˵
εץҧŵ֣ȻڳӡĵطһǣĶȴѾ޷µ˿˳
Ǹ۽ǣȻص꣬ϸϸǣǣ緢ε˫ָסµĹᴩɲǼʹݺݵҧסĴָӲݽļ
ֱоȥܵѪϢŻɿڡ
һεĽϣʵֻһ˲ʹϵĸоֱԵֿȫԲʧȥ˿ơ
һ㡭Ŀԭרĵ۰
ʶɢʱҲоΪ¶޷ƽľ
ֻڱ˴ˡ

ֵܵܵķ

ڵĲϴ·СǲߺҲһԻڴȫɵס
ӣǻǻȥ?СͩԼӲҰ׵ɫĳ
קеӣΨвĵתȥ
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ײŵˣε̱һĺţϵĴ
ĥͷ˫ֲʵߣֻǺܿͱĲĳĵ
һίӣεûʵ㣬ղԴ󷢣װɰˣҰСӵľֱõˣЩˡ
ͷ˫ְֵĻǸ չȥδԵʣֻﵽⶼ̵ģɵõĸ࣬û뵽ʧ˿ơ
ҾںҸˡ
εӦʵӦڱԵˣڻʹ
ûӦյ죬ȻЦһţͻȻսĶҪˡ
⻰ֱħ㣬óεʱѣæ̧ͷɣϢôûӦкܶ໰˵ǡɣоˣһ㡣
ʵۻأСɡ
ĴЦıȤ
ȱЦ㻹û˵ôͰˡε񣬳ûת˻⡣
ֹסЦȻ£˵Ǹ˰ʵҲûʲôʱ㲻ǸĻ壬˵ϣҿԽҿĳ밲οңҲ˼ţǸʲôҲ֪ܳҲҪ棬Ȼˡ˵ʵڵģ˺ñô̶̲ᡣ
ε꣬̾һ䣬ɱСҵɲϡ
ʲô󾪣Ҫɱ㣿
ԭɱңֻǺ˵Ҫвϣ˵϶ֵǮҸϾԲΪҶЭ˵ˣˮǮǽģĻǮºΪʲôҪս˵ΪԱųı
ʲô˼
εЦЦȻعϡѩ·˶ʳ٣ҪȥϿܱռĿ־壬йǨ㡣˵ûɱɧǣǳֻΪԱֻԽԽݱս𿴰ЩҰģʵһ˴ʮ乥ݣ֪жԱҪ
ŶһȻЩĲɣۼƳεϵǺۣʱһ˿ǻǳЦ
ЦĳεЩëëģǲڴʲô⣿
ûа˵֪ΪʲôԸͽ⣬ô˵һġɫ΢䣬ȻĿ
εûпߣȤҲûжļ˵ʵҲϲսϧˣԵ˵ύ󣬿԰ǿ·ͨޣһܸʹӦˡȻ˵ҪӦʵҵ⣬ҵʱʱȶȾڸ𡭡Сſҡ
һ죬εӦʱ˫Ѿסóѵֱʧߡ
㵽Ҫ𣿡εЩֺõ
ѵҪ𣿡ϴҪûǴĲӴǳС
ε©һģ³ԼаСţڵѪҺ·ŵˮϵ¡
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κηӦʱ䣬ԵĴһҲᣬŵĸо
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εһĿһһ룬˫Ҳ롣
⿪ϵȻԭӣһѹ档
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һ죬ЩȵҪңһẦߡȻͲˡ
εһЦɰ
˫ֹĲӣεԼĴһཻҧĶ͵͵Ұ㡣
򵥵֣ȴ׵Ϸݡ
Ҳǣð㡣˵⻰ͬʱԼĻͽڡܵһͷĻ˵ģҲֻҵġ
ۺСֻݵôһˡĸ磬е˵Ӱӡ
ղ
һû¶˳ǰʱ۾˶֪ʲô顣
Цǽһ⣬羭ĹˡεȻƣȴһɽ˿˶еߵŨ顣
ϣΪε׼ȻǺ¡أȴַǷ
ϵһЩԱѩաٵ˶źǰ
ЩʶĲʶĹԱ˵ʲô綫ˮٱɽɡε;ÿЦá
ϸ˵Ŷʮ꣬˵εյҲŶʮꡣ
Щشʣܲ
ѩӰΪ֣Щ輧ǰˣòٹԱֱۡ
ʱ˲мĳӵЩֱ׵Ĳܿ
⻰һʱ˶Ŀ⼯ڳεߵϡ
յ赸ɳƵǷ绪
˶ĿתĿԼЩµİӿεЩ̰úöġ
ٶͬʱ˵Ĳ졣۾ɵĶҪ޲ܰԶЩôһñΪѡ
˷Ŀ⣬ĳε󲻿졣
ʶľٶεһô˵ķɣǰѿ
˼žԼ˵˻ȴвٴѾʼ壬˸ˣεҲҪ˽ˡ裬˰ɡ
գҡЩҵץס䡣
ģһᴦġε֣һЦݡȻվЦλˣ뿴赸кѡֻ赸һҪİ
Ѳû𣿡ͬİȡЦ仰漴һƬЦ
εЦЦкβɡȻ磬ϱīֽ⡣
ǡȥ
ûһᣬ鷿һֽʣȻС˺̧һСľ
ƽֽεڤ˻ᣬȻī֭СС򵥼һȵԾȻֽϡ
˿ףֻƬ֮˶̾
ԭһֽϣȴԾʮͬӰһֽ衣
ԭ˼Щʧ
ļ֪ܿˡεͷ򴺷Ը˼Ȼζؿˡ
ûһͰѶ׼ȫһѼһ׺һյơ
ε˳赸һһ£Ȼ׺ڵϡ
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紵ߣⲻǺһ𣿡εЦЦ
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ڳҲǳͣзܵģҲвԵġ
εЦȻƻصԭλ¡
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ˣô˿ءٿޣƾͲˡεЩεñӵĽ
æᣬȻϽӹƣСţš
ε΢΢һ̾ʵӣ򵥣㡣ûǼ鷢һϲˣȻ
κ컯Ūˡ
ӣ㿴үô㣬ʲôѽһźСͩ˵
ͷԭҲһɨա
ҲԹˣȻڻûеõյ۰ϾԼġЩֻʱ⡣
ŮӵĲ뵽뵽Ȼϣﲻڴ
գϡС㣬𣿡ȫ˵꣬ͷĽ½ǡ
㡭εסûļ˵ʲôͱǰƵĹŲס
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εЦѾ¡
ƵԽԽ࣬ųε˲Ѳ̲סкãԸҲҪô
ͬʾ۽ǵҵŮˣΣ
һҲʾΪʲôҪҵġҲ˳Ĺ򡣡дʹҲ֪
ҽһգģһ˵ġ
žһû
ڴͬʱۡһһ𼸵
үôˡ
˰Ѫˡ
ãүжˡ
ŵİȺȴǰľŵ˵
ôˣ㲻Ҫҡ磬ȥˣѰ
Ǳŵ̱ڵϣǰһС
ա㲻Ҫҡ㲻µġ
ҡʹһԭϲĳʱѹֲ
εԼʶƮĺԶԶԶҪ
һƯڴеĸľ㣬Ҳ
ѡ
ϤİӶԴǿҵĵƹۡ
ģ󿴼ľƵ컨壬ߴĵδһźܶûֵӳ
ѧ

 108 

¥һ䡰ˡ÷ڵ¶Ȼ㡣
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ѧ
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ȥˣҲܻͷˡ΢⴦ȻվһޱŮգûκ
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Ҳλ̫ãһῪʼ취ʱķΪԺԶһ𡣻УңҲᱳ㡣
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 109 

µıǧʣʤգȻѩϣ轣İŮɢķȴΧһȻʧɫ
Ⱦ书Σ
ԶԶ硣Ⱦۣ
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ŵ𣿡жʱһῴǺܺദӣԼ²õӡ
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һͨ㽫ȫȻҲȫˡᵭص
˰βŷӦȫꣿǵú°

ѩߺѩӰ鸴ӵؿǰŮӵүΪʲôҪƹܰٹٵӡȥ
εĵһ˵ȨԼеĺãʶʱ񡣻ڴѶҵӦҲͻɣٽһЩСͿԹˡ
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εЦţˡҲӦˣĺӿҪ˰ɣĶæµӹˣͲƽҸ𣿡
ѩӰ̾ô᲻롣ͼɹ԰һֱ룬̸ֻס
үôְȨȥͲ»ϡ
᲻ôġڵӣ˭˶ΪӣȻҲֻ֪ҪҰͷϵ齻ѩҶԱҲûá
ڱȨһүϣ˵Ժ󻹻ʣβ
˵ˡεĻµıȨѾõıϴıƹʧܣûгҶ˵ûͼûСԺҲĲˡ
±Խڶ￪ս˵úͻвԪˣʵڽսˡѩӰЩĵүΪʲôͲӡ
εĬ̾һҲһλ꣬ʵڵΡţҲԶǡ
ѩӰĬ㶰βŻҪںεأ
ѩӰͻȻһóεȻ֮ɫ¶˾ģЩѵȥɡ
Ѿ¶𣿡ѩӰګګ
εҲûԥĵͷǣҷ߲ɡҶλûоѾԵ㡣ԻŲҪǿѡ
ѩӰĬţε֮ţÿʷչĲתԡٶδܸıʲôβ˳Ȼҵɰܣȫϡϣȫϣδעһˡ˲͢ĸѪҺʵʡ
ε˵꣬ѩӰһ˲Լʮ꣬ЩЦĳ֪ˡǿ󲻵ãβȥֻǣСѾ磬ӣϣСٶӿǡ߱ر˸֮ûжԲС㣬ֻǰ˰ˡ
ѩӰ˵ת뿪ڷĳεȴǾþòƽ

 110 

ҹĻ
ӣúҩˡ
ÿࡣ
ҩˣͺˡٵϲŴ۽ӳЩɣ˾Ͳÿˡ
ҲԣȥɡϢ
ǡ
Сͩҩչţȴ⿴һֱűߵĳε
үСͩԾһ
εͷȻѹСͩ鷿Ҫ㡣
СͩӦŲȥ鷿
鷿ڣε
Сͩһʼ򶨣˵۾һ߿һߵүΪʲôȥӣһֱҲҲȣÿ컯ױүࡢүΪʲôȥӡĿ࡭үôͲס
ԹóεЩԭ¶õľڴ˿ֶҡ
СͩΪ˵͵ع
ǸʲôεһæҪȥСͩ
үСͩĪ˹ӣСͩˡС֣ͩܿӵʱղ࣬СͩȥӡһֱүĲ࣬СͩȥһֱϲүԱҲ±˺ԴүףСͩĳӺܿġСͩҲܸоĿ־塣һү᲻Ҫÿ϶جΣȻźүүСͩǹӺһЩҪĲࡣֻҪүܾЦЦ˵˵ͺá˵СͩĶųεһͷ
εѹĳ΢΢̾˿ɡ
үǲӦСͩ
磬ҵ˻ϲǿѣ
ε̾һЩεסɣҵȻһȥ
Сͩϲε΢΢Ĵԭ׼õҲûó
ķڣķΧóεɵüķ䣬һּįĸо
Сͩʶûиź󣬱ͬԼһ⡣
С𡣡
΢ֽԾεû˻Ӧȥ
վڴߣ𰲾˯գε˵ԼĸܣϧΣĻһۡ
˵ᾡܵĶЩǳ˺ȴʲôû
еεûУ˽ֻһ뿪
ḧ˯գǰٸнĵ̾ˣǲֵá
εڴãԺǧ˼
ֱ򾡵𣬷ڱһƬڣŻع
ߣȴԼ½ǱѹסһԵ
֪ģεʹûȥ㶰Σƿӵһǣϴ
峿
ˣˣ㿴
ڴĿ۾ӣԭ԰ɫ¾ұ
գױÿô
ÿСʲôױÿ
գСںҸءҸô˿̻СһԼ࣬Ļָоʵȴá
εЦԺ󶼻ôҸġ
ͷߵЦţȴµĲ⻰
Ժ
ѩݣ̹ǣСɽĶѾ䵽ˮɱĳ̶ȡ
ಡһһ׹һҺܳڰع˸ȣбȥ
ȻһʯӼôڰӰн·ϡ
ץ˰ɣһ֣ѵѩİɫһֻС׺
ӴԼʮ߰꣬СɵǶһŰĹϣһ˫۾Եɷ
һʱŵŮӴӲѩּ
аʦˣĵıС׺ǰ
˾аŮӣǹԼ˵ҰǶ˵ǲ¡ҲǣǷޣйŮôɽ֡
书𣿡˾аʵ
ղŰṦˡѾС׺ʵղˣ׷ӿȫġ
˾аһЦţСɽܵġˣϽС׺ˣȥġ˵겻Ӧݷȥ
һ·˺ӣĸߡ
ѽ̧ߣ
Ҫ
ǳƵѧҽĻѧİ
ÿϲҩʱ׷һʱʱϿһʱһ
ôҴҰ¹ȥ
аʦΪʲôҪ书
Ϊ̫ҽԺҲԱ˾а˰ٵ˵꣬һЦҲţ̽Դʱ䡣᲻˵ҲƵĻš
˾аҡͷ̾ϧǰûûӹǶӲˡṦ书Ҳѧˡ
ܸаʦѧṦͺˡϽĻһЦ
ϾԺԱĹ򣬶һѵãǲɵľܾ
˾аһЦȻְǳ⣬̧̫ˣҪ͡
Цһû
ɬСȣȻ󿴼Զվˣæʦ
תݣҲ٣Цеؼ˽ȥ
аṦҵĴġüؿ
´βˡ˸ӣɵͷʦĺ䣬ȻаʦһǿʵֱŤô붼޷⡣
ᵭһЦȻһĵȻãʤڷܣҲȷ쿪ʼһЩƶҪѧⶾȶԶʶƶ߱ػⶾ
ĻȫѪҺӿ˷ܲѣãȥԤϰ˵ű㼱ɴȥ鷿ĹЦѡ
Сɽû֮ǰĿͷζȻΪڵĹϵҹλʱеį뵽Ǿ䡰ݵķΪԶһ
Ӿڲҩ-ƶ-ҩ--һȥ˾аһָѾԷǳɵץסȺٶȿһѩˡ
һ죬еǰ
ŮӵĽҩѾаȥ㲻ٵˡ
Ϊʲôسѹ춼ûпаʦ
Ȼ츳ĸꡣҲ̫࣬ŮӵѾǣ㰲ѧϰɡ
ǡ뷴ȴڹһԶ
ֻίίӦ˸ǡ
Ǿί߱ǣҲ㡣
æЦݣᶨʦô˵ôǣûȥˣͲˡ
˵꣬æ˳
ֻϵ˲į
ƽʱϲ˵ĺ롭
ȴ˵
ȷǸʦҽ߳ıԡغ֪ʶȵȣ¥˵Ǹǳѧˡ
Լܸѧϰָ
һ룬ɽȥ˼ҲصˡҪĶ
ֻǣĺ
ء

 111 

죬ҡҷ亮ּСﶼ
⣬һ£һӰСůưڷһоɱѷᣬԵС
ֻûǵɡЩε̾ԭԼֺ磬ôһһֻοľ桭
Ȼһ㣬ƢܺáҲܺãҲûһŮĶëǡ
̾һͬʱСİѺ˻Ȼַ˼ڰȫش
ĺǼñʾʦ㡢ҲĵܻصŹְĺӳԵһţﹾţѾصôˡ
ʲôصĺܺãȫ㡣ᵭƳһۡ
ģһ߿һ徹Ȼܿô࣡ôһõģ
յصƬ̣Ȼ޷޵תȥ̣˼ȫϡ
ȻǰҲ㣬ϲЩΪʲôүݡʵ˵һЩ˽ʲôүЦʵô
һ˵һ߿úӰΧԷİӣֻҪİӱΧסлӦϣһˡ
ʲô࣬ҲкܶϲģԣʱĺܷաʦҪϾɱ
۶û̧ԭԤõ·ȫɱȻĵȫ¶⣬뿴ˡ
ǵͷɣɵᡣ
˼κذΧɱһ·̧֡žһ°Ѻ¡
Ƴһ̣ȷ
һǳȷ
̾Ǻðɣ
˵ţһӣνĻ·󷽣ȻĿɿڴʼһһŵİǱѾõİȫ
һգ۵ʱ䣬İڽɽûˡ
ʦڣһҧгݵ
ֻҪӳȴȫûע⵽ԷСֶǱĴӪ
˵ɡٴεͷ
һۣԼЩͷɥ̫ˣҲҪǿԺҪôΪҿ԰ֵ˫ͬʱѰҷΪʤĻᣬĲɵ૵Ҳ֪ôˣûңֱˣǸ˿϶ҲȻģ˵ҪѣӣǸ˵ᣬ϶û취ˡ
ԣЩ̧ͷôӻټ
ȻվӵĽǶȣȷܿԥҾԲһֻһûһʶΪʲôʦûһû尡
᲻ԾһЦȻתһ
ˡ
ʲô˼һ㶡
Ȼ̾˿˶ԾվԼĽǶȥ⡣ӦȥĦԷ˼ȥ¶Է²ôߡñоһ㼫пȫûܰѸǽȥˣҲ£ӮˣҲ벻̫ѿ
ʦ˼˵֪֪ˣս
ѵЦÿЦݲ
˼ǹ֪˻УһҪʱעովֱǰ壬ѹûעҵİѾĺ󷽣̫³ˡԹڸ꣬һҲԼ뷨˼ȫϣҪӮʵ̫ס
ʦ˵ȫ㣬˵壬˵ңȻ
ͷȻּ̣򵥵İס˼ƣȻһ߰Ūһ߽⡣
۾Ŀţͷβ˫۶û뿪̡
˵Ҫڶʱڹµ⼸õġ·ȻٶཨߣԻ˵
ȻҪҵ˵ڲҵ˵ߣñŴҡ
ܴ
Щ˼ѹʦôеĿ飬ԭҵ·͸ˡʦ
һݣЦҡҡͷô̸˵սˣ̶һԶˣ㻹ҪҪ£
Ҫ æӦ
ѧô࣬ʦĺܲѧҲûôദ
²ҲºһЦ
ȷܴ˼֪룬ǹʹɢעɷϵǣȷӰˡ
СһѧĿ죬õҲ죬ڶӮ̫ɡ

µĵɴķᣬ·һֽԵ硣
˿ڶۻңԣЦ
ε·С˵Ĵ½һµķ䣬ѩһæӭкˣϯѾ׼ˣ
ε΢Цŵ˵ͷĺͷ⣬תͷŷһԵİߣЦЦ
үҲڰ
ձ㣬Ϊಹ
εɨܣ˹ɱʲôӸͺá
ǾͶлүˡεЦԼλϡ
üҲûж˵ֻǶЩɫüҥģж
ūҲμλˣһĵĵĳ˼
ȥᶯϮһĨǳɫӰƮȻ
ŵĳӯӯһݣ̧ͷ֮ЦŽ˵Ǵ״̬˻
Ϊ˹ݵͷˣȻϰ˶ĹעЩǹµĸо
λ˲ĻūΪλˣɺã˵űͶ˳ε
˶εЦЦ롣
ӻ£׼٣ֻǸյ˼ͷȴϴȴü
֪֪ʲôط
˭ϡֲʲôŵĵطϡأ˵ģ
ͷϣ˵Ȥ
ʲôͷôĵӣһá
ү˳ȥȴŭգĴӣܲȸ˿ɾͿˣ˭ƻĲˡ
ÿҼҹӣŭĺǳ
Ҫǻǻȥɣһ
εһֱȻͷʮֵķӣſڲԶԵǵʱ̴λվԭеԼĲ졣
ڸʲôſǣ
ȥֻĹվڶ¥ЩŭűΧһͶˡ
գĵ¶Цݣæ첽Խ˹ȥͲˡ
Сͩ߷ߵĵѹӶһƬģû뵽ƽһĹྐྵҲǸḡŮӡ
Сô⣿
˵⣬ˡ𲻰Ŀ֪طģ£رӡ
գǻȥòãϲһҲϲ
⡭
û뵽ô£ԼȥĶҪܡ𱥺ϵһ仰ˢ
λˣǿͣݣءԭҪٵһЦ
ε˵ķӦЦǰߵǰݵ˼ŵλ˵ˡҳǰûһżˣѰ˵ףҵĲǡˣǷ޾Ȼȥˣλ˼¡
һ꣬εҾߵǰܻǣ֣СǻؼҰɡ
˵ľȺɻУ˴ݲȵ뿪˹ݡ

εĳ˼ţһŻʵôͻȻܵ˹ȥˣѵ֪ǸӲȥô
ϲȥձߡ͵͵˵
εûлػֻǾ˺һᣬһͷӣ̾

ֽ߱ڻεһңҵȫ֪׶Բԡ
Ժ󲻻ȥЩطҪٵˡȥҲΪʢȴҲ취
пͷµһλãԭŰ׵ɫҲĹ̺
Ľë˳ĺ𣬴һ˿ЦݣԼȫпϡ
һη֣ԭҸԼô
εǿЦһ˳⣬ˡ׸ôã
εฮǰͣ
СͩƿлȴȵĿԼҵĿڳε˯ϻǳǳЦ⣬һʱȫɵס
С𡭡ǵˡ
ô͵ô۾ЩĴ
εķӦЦȻطɡҵȻȥġ
Ӧ
СͩطεЩȥ鷿侲侲
·Ͽİ磬˾ЩڵĶߡεϲ
Ǹɣ
ʶûȥкε鷿һȥеԾֵϢ
˭ǣ
ڻˡڵİ߳һӰ
һг޳ģŵŮӸеӢ֮
Ů߽εϸϸ
һ˫ǳ۾۽ϸ΢΢ֻ̣ĿڱĮı飬Щη
˭
ˡ¶ȵĻεһ˻˼
˾аĺͳεͣһϿɵ⣬˵ĮԶڹ֮ϡ
ƵĽҩ඾˵ҲȳεӦתȥ
εݵСҩƿæסȵȣôʲôʱ
˾аͷƲһۣûɫֻСӺõĺܣܳ˯ϱֵܴܻʱ䵣ôǰľ档жǣжĲûвȥ¥СΪʧ
¼Ļ˾аͷҲصתӴзȥ
ѵĳε˼վԭأһ

 112 

ǳ𣬻벹֮󣬳εԽĺãÿڹҹȻΪҩõøЩδ޵С˿Ľѡ
͢ѾٹʣȫƸ˳ţѩǡ
Իйزεҥȴ
ϾжѪĳܶġ
¶֮ûץȴвٴΪ鱻ǣչ١
̬չΣʱ򣬳͢ȴץֲ֮Է
εѩԼ͢඾ûʲô飬һЦ󣬼͵Ĺࡣ
ȥȥĹ飬תǰꡣ
εؿŴ⣬ΣС곤ˣȥԽԽȣûǰë꣬Ȼıû䡣ֻÿû˵ϼ䣬ͱ˾аߡ
ÿֻ̾Խľüį
ȻʱΪӽĻ¸һأԼһվΧ޷롣
ϵĺԽԽҲԽԽ˶ЩٺЩ⣬֪ԼԸʲô
εع񣬰תطڣįװĵ𷿼ȥ
·ʯͤĺ࣬޴վһԣȲֺߵӡεһЦѾεȦ߳
ϣӵԼҸ
ֻǱЩ嶯ĺɣôǵİ
Ǹ򡢳ȡнˣ󷽸պ˽ҹ粻Ȣ˵ٿΪĳûĵŮ˿˵⻰ʱ򣬻ݺݵصһۡ
εЩϸҲɵԳһЦ˵ĶԣȷǸûĵŮˡ
簮εʮ꣬һֱȴȵһĴĽ֡ĲܾӦεĴǲλá
Ĵ͸ȴһֱԼ֪εݺݱԼ
ŲԶˣŵǸһнӡεﻮ̣ϣܵõҸ
ܸҸˣѾ֡
ŮӣʵеһһƣΪԻ
Ϊ˵õģ첻ฮ磬ĺҲĳֿʼżÿ춼ܿһŮһеϷ롣ƺѾѡΪ߸ڰϣͬǰԼĿŰ
εЦ˼۱Ȼȥ
죬ҶƬУ˺ɻأһ
һ˫Ů΢Цҡҷ˽ڹӰڣ˳˫
һȥһ궬
ʮﳤ֣첼̵أģһӭ
įһĹฮһء
峿ޡѩӰļɿĵæǰæ
ը졣
εЯһױͬϲİǰеǶһҪúôһίһ᲻ϧһд̤ƽ򡣡
һԵĺɸǺ۾ʵһûء粻ãһɱȥ
һĺһۣųεһǳı飬и۶²ͣոʾģһո磬˷˵űץסһںڵıӣ׹һһСͷС
εĺɽһ㶣ڣѾӳεнӹ磬ȻѶϷС
磬Ұά㡣
΢΢ЦţüĿԶ¼޹ٸеĺϲá
ΪϸͷȻǣϽΡǰͷͷÿǰ˶ʮĵطǸԼ˴ŮӣתϽΡ
εվฮſڣӭ׶ԶȥԽԽᣬʹʧ
ֲĲᣬԴ屾ܵѹֻʲôԭ
ֻ֪һ̣ķ·Ƭݺʹ

ȼϨսʱҰս챯
ԷΪ׵Ĵӽ֮߾ǳأսսĹ˶
˾аվһԲĵҪȥǱҪս
ʰͷû̧һŵΪҪսŻȥѪҪ飬Щ˿϶ûõֻñȥʰ̯ӡ
˾аɫãҲֻñܿڲ̸пǸСѾȫɱ䡣
˵ǷıսթǸ书ȥԿ˾аŬ˵
ͣеĶһЦıҲŸҪȥ
˵꣬ϵϣȻ˾а˸񣬡лаʦʦһʮࡣȥˡ
ȵȡ˾аæסֻĻӰ
Ĺ飬ȥɡû⼸춼ǵôô˵Ƽء
˾аתһЦҲǣӲҪɵġʵҲûʲôõĵģϾڵɲ˭۸ġ
ô˵ҲղһЦ

˿̣ڣһƬء
ϷһõͼǳغͱĻڵͼ档
оһ飬ü뱱Խսͬʱֽλкο
սĴѾϱ߱߾ߣ΢˻سڣسǳأõƵǱˮһս
Ҳֻܽһʱ֮˻سڣҪʧǳأڻûǸ̶ȣ΢Ŵ˵顣
ڳսس֮սƣ
࣬ķ겻
ʱҪǹھͺˡ
̶ʧǳأϣӦҪǿ߳ǵķһϳһص
ϣǺѣǽæڲԭ䡣٣װ似Ǿһ顣
ⲻǳ־Լ磡ܿ˲мķ顣
΢ֻǴӴֿǣ죡
ˣһ˵֮ƲҪģ䣬ʲô飿ŭżŸͬϳĿⶨڳĬõѩϡ
΢Ϊλ󳼵ĿеѩڣǳʧأǱ⣬и˼ܣðŵļȥָӣܽʧȥĳǳϾ۱𲢲ѷɫ
˵ͷͬѩĿٴҲͷǡ
ôָѡ
ѩڵϣѱʤεֻһȻ֪ףԺĸ
΢˼ǰ󣬾ܵεģΨεգ
⻰һ۷׷ס˭Ҳ֪εһûϳһĹȥ
ϣΪף岻֪ص֮ࡣ
ϣ΢ͬ˵ε侲ϣǹ˵ȷǲѡҳǰոռε࣬ɫӦûָˡ
ŴԲӣεָˣһĹҲΡԳƼƻƽ
ϣԡ
϶ʱĻң֧뷴Եһ˽һˣѩɹڵϲΪ
ǰƣҲԥˡ˼˺һᣬų޵ּȥεΪͳ죬ˣպƳǳ

ʥּܿ´߳εûдҪȥ߳ǵϢ񣬾˵пڴȺ
ˣʶ뵽żİֻǵʱʱסˣһҲû
񣬾µ̿ݡصİ£ϱһСİͦεģ˫ָж
غһһˡ

һսϣ

ƳǱ߾Ӫڡ
һиյõһԲ
һԵļīӣεվȻҪûˡ
鲻䣬ͳѾǿ֮ĩҵҪεҪҵȥһҪƳǡ
ǡŵʿæ˳ȥ
ʱĳεվڳǽ֮ϣݺӣ΢΢һ̾
ƳȽϿϵһǳأȴռҪλá
ƳǽݺϣӵĶ԰ǿҪݵǡ
ǰļǳѾ¡
һᵽεȻ뵽
ѾȫжαװִƴȨô
ⳡսⲻ˵ˣֻǣҪʱ뿪ңӰ
ʲôأôζûӦ
εعЦЦҹҪȥӺá
һ˾񣬡Ҫʲôʱ򣿡
꣬㡣ε˸Ķ
æܣȻѹҪǹ𣿡
ƳǵǱ뿪εǰų˼ĺһգЦ
Сĳˣ϶˹ûеĳ죬ԭɰҲˣĿ㣬ɢһ˾þ޵̲ס
ЦšһԺǾĺң¡Ǹʵۻǹ𣿻ǸѩӰӦ𣿡
¶ǣεȻһЦѾ˵źһһǶڰ¡ڻϣѾȫȥһ඼ûϹҲûйʡֻǲ֪ΪʲôƳǡ
ذڻ߳ûϵһһֵ
ǰҼҵֵܵܳءεͷϣЩпЦҳˡˡ
ͷһЦ§ĸҺ㡣ʱ޿̲㣬͵ܻаʦץסҲ߱ʦйޡ
ε̲סЦˣʦ治ס
ǺǣҲûйǵ˵ݵķΪԶһ𣬵Ҿһĺ
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