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001  鱦

ʱֵ֮ʣɽҶдУżῴǼҶеĸָĻ䣡
⡭ɽ£ͬƽʱƳöıʱ
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˵ǸĮ壬ÿնŸɷף
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СϣСӰڼţ
ϰżῨԱߵ֦ϣʱһҲᱻ͹ɽʯ赹
ִɽΧţһͻȻͣסŲɽϿһۣЩŵĲٴʱӱʧȥƽ⣡
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һˤģ˵꣬СԶͷһȺӰǴŰɫ£ϻŹӣǴͷһܻһţôʰǣƤܣ
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ĿҲˣһοôÿĶǺƯ
ģǷˣҶֵ飬žĻţ
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002  ɾ˧

Ҷ˿ŵϣ΢΢̾˿ģ㿴Ǻã˵ֱֱ꣬ǶСɽ觽Ϊʱתأ
㣬Ǯ֣Щ鱦ȴ֪ر᲻룡˵ƶͷб㲻ʮ˲ɣ˵꣬̾˿˫ĴŶҶһüһƲĶҪ͸Щ͸ҶƵģ
ҶһЦСѾͷˣɾŮΰ
۾Ȼžģ˼ȴǶ鱦ϣϱˣⱲӺò׵ˣôڱǲŹģ
ļҶԥ㼱ˣҶҪЩǮôɽضʵŮζˮһգտջϲһ
ģЩǮأҪˣĳ𡭡ȸţ湻ˣˣٰ𣡡ҶһЩ鱦װһЩͬǰǻ·ŵãб޻С⵽٣ϱ
ļֱţôôĹôôĳ
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Ҷһֹ֣˾˵ȥ󲽾ǰߣ
ں滹ੲݵ˵Ŵ
Ҷ˿ΪʲôôONLYYOUˣҲˣ
˲ã㿴һĻ·ˣշĺۼڻ·ϴ۽˵̵߳ɽˣҶӲ˲ͷĺһЦ¶ֻСѣ
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㣬ƭң϶书ģ㿴ôԶ·ĲɣԲһ޸֮֮˿ģĻ˻СһûһµָŶҶ˵
Ŷ˵׬ˣȵʺˣԵ޹ʵõֵıһһ书⻬СԱֵСУô־ţˣʲô
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Ҷ޿ˣ˵㣬ǼﰡȻ־ڶˣΪβȥľ㣬ǰӷɽʲô˵ɽʲô
Ҷͨ˵ƣž˼С켸źϣȴ²ֻƬ
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Ȼ·߾ǴƬӣҶģǴ·ȴǿտҲ˿òҶľˣһ˿˿ûУ
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㿴ͻȻָǰ˷ܵĽе
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ǵСҲ澲ĵĹͷЦекŶҶ꣡
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ļҶֱ㶣ԵС˵ʲôԵģ
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߶ͦԸ߹촽ɫһմ¶ˮɢ㣡ϴЩ΢̣ȥеƤ
пľ˫ˣĽëڰ׷ƺŵˮһˮ裡
㰡ҶĽֱҡͷͺÿټЩÿ۾üëֲַǡôò˵ȻǹѽȻŪһ
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һϮɫƮݳۣӭ֮䣬Ȼף˿欣ƮƮɣ
龰˶ҶⱲӿÿˣ





003  ֵ

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Ҷһӣݺݵҧһڣֿ˻ã㣬㻹񱣡
С裡ѽ費ˬڣģ̫ˣҶ⳶ɤɴУ
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µ̴ˮԸλﳢһ£ʱ֪νˣ
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Ҷ΢΢ƲƲ죬һʲô˲飬Щ𺳵ģԴǰӳûſ˭һۣȴ֪Ůһﰡʺ̽϶Զ
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ȪˮˣŵùµĻǣ˵꣬һԾʱƮƮ˿Ц崺磡
ĳ̴Ӷ˼Ŀ
Ȼˣ˿ŵ·ȻҲȣ
ڴҾһɲǣҲٿظоԼڲϡʶ̧ţһԾԽﷳĵĸо۽ȴҶЦЦ飡һգ¶ģԵҶ
ôҶҲֻýӹ̴ӵݹ·ˣ
㣿Ĳ֪òøŶҶ
ĹҲһɣ¿Щꡣ
û뵽ҶŶÿһͺҪһͻȻͺ
ģô֪ն°Ҷսģʵ
㻹˯ʱ򣬹ӾѾˣȻҾ͸죬ͷ
ŶҶȻԭ˯ʱ͵͵֣ŶǿޱߵӰô붼ףѵǲĵˣ
˵ݲҪʲôˮúȵأҲϵĺζȻͣźͶҶУ
ȻϣҶ̾ǲ裡֪Ͳʱ˵֪ɾˣ
õˮȻɽȪˮˮˮˮΣ߱ѩˮˮȻǾˮҶ˵˿֪ôһ㣬ͻ첻ȥˣ
ºͬĵ˵ͷҶҲº࣬һ˿ϲ
֮ǰ˵ҷϵˮã˵ɽȪˮ
ȻռˮﲻһЩɽȪˮһ·ô࣬ȪˮҲٰοҶͻȻͲ˵ˣΪǰ治Զ̶ٲȪˡһ˲ľɫ鲻Խܹȥ峺׵Ȫˮһڣһˬֱļ䣬Ʈ
ȡɽȪ²裡ͻȻðһ仰ҲһĨЦ⣡ҶתͷЦҶ㿴羰续ʤգȪˮݺò裬Ǿһҹ㿴ɺã
ҶҶ˼ʵʱϤˣҲ̫˰ɣѹ˵飡
¼ҶȻЩ˼˵㲻⣬¾ƺȽȻЩ˵󣬰Լçײ
ҽ⣡Ҷܽصص˵ͷ
΢΢鴤ɫЩףûиܾˣҲˣ
㣡ĳ˳Ҷ½ǣգգۣ
֪˼ҲңҶһ۾ģˮ˼ڣ
ȻˣҲǿȥȥȻ
õҪʱҶıӰֹӸܲһ˿ί
㣬¹Ӻˣһ߽⿪·һĵ˵
Ҷˮװˮ󣬿·ѽ˴ˣ
ϴһ°Ĵ
죡ôĻҿǱɫˣҪǽ͸ţҪˣҶַԸ㲻ıŶ
㣬ϲ㣡æ·ֵң롭
𣿡ҶͣסŲͷҲģǸǮõģǸĳҲȻˣ
˼ûи˻Ķû˵װںתͷҪ߱Ҫɱˣ㻹ѵĻ˶·ˣҲ˵
ĺݺݵҧŴӿŶҶʧҲԭأ֪ѡǶǴ¹ӡ˫￴˫ǹƣУȥ˰ɣ
ҶĿĵǰߣﲻζû뵽ھȻȲǸˣͲǳúÿԼãȴԼһ£֮ǰ˵ʲô֪֪أɫ壡




004  ɱ

֪˶ãɫҲˣľïʢסбԣڲеĶҶҲɵ÷ʼˣ֮ǰ;ߵʱ򣬺ôЩССɽ·ɲͬһһڣȺѣɽʳƮ˼ϱĻµĶ뵽ˣӲɵô˸漴ϵĶŵϣýŲƽòݣȻϣһã
ΪʲôôǸˣѵΪΪһɱ񣿵ԼԸҲڰ˼ҵ׻ûɱԼΪʲôôأҶô붼ף˼ˮͻȻھĵİʱǺĪ
Ҷڲ̧ͷ죬ǿģֻܸҶ鵽һ㣬Ҷ϶òײſһǣðǸ飡
ӲͣĽлˮҲҪˣѵҪˣΪʲôô̰
Ϊͣÿ¶˼ףҶҲ̰ӿң谡ء˲ôˣҲ޶˾ͻȻ˯Ҳһ
ﲻԶһӸոǴܺõɽϿһబĿԱߵĽվķȥһŮӵĿʲô˰ɣҪȻһŮҹôԴ
ԽԽˣҲתΪ
Ҷͷ˫ϥУͻȻ˵Ӳѿֹס
ҹýοĲڣһӰڵأӻ΢΢ʱʱţ
һʱˣӰ񡭡ʮʮ𣿡
ͻĽлҶ£ͶһůĻˣǿůУеܰģԷıϴ˿˿ˣ
úÿ죬Ҳ΢΢ţ
ͻȻȻʮ֪þãû㣬һźۣ
λҶ֪ǺãԷϴ
ʮôˣҹæſҶĵʵ
ϴҶ̧ͷײһҲɵüӿ˼ģ
ָҿЦѽҹҶıЦеʮЦһºòãĿ滨ĽģĶҪˡ
ҶһЦԷһ飬Ծܾ
ÿɰУҹһЦָᴥŶҶֻѣС飬ЦöҶ
ǰӺᣬ֮£ǷӣһֲЦĸо
ţҽжҶ˵ʮҶͻȻվŰҹ˵ᶨ
˫ˮȴװģҹһʹôôһ˫۾ôƵӰͬţʮһڿЦ
ӻǲĵģҶų̈ҶĴδ㣬Ǹ㿪Ц
ǲˣʧˣҹЩ£Ϊûģÿһμɴ˫ʣЦݺȣÿһεĶ֪裡
ûУҶû㣡Ȼǰӵĳǲ˵࣬ԸһŮ˵Ӱ
ҶתŰҹ
ͷҹͷ̾˿ʮʮԼͷģѵҪһ¶
Ҷ֪Ϊͷҹſ϶ʮһοģͷʾ͹ˣ
°ҹʱͻˣҹ˶ȥиӵĸ飬ָƽĮ飡
ţһᣡҶתмһЦҪ֪ΰҹأ
ȰȡǷɽֻҹҹԵøӵ
Թɽ˾Ͳ˵
һǲЦһ˵˵
Űҹһ飬Ҷ֪οڣһɣֺ˰ʹ͡
ǸǴ̿Ͱɣ
ҹ͵̧ͷĿƵĶŶҶ
ҶˣЩµҲɱֻ֣ǡְģȫְģٺ٣
Ŷԭͬˡ
֣ҹɻҹˣ
ţ԰ͷʱȥɱˣƽʱɱģȫְǳɱ˵֣ҶаֹҪҪһߣѧѧɱֵ磬òɱ֣
㣬֪ɱ֣ҹͻȻúȤ
Ϊɱֶװɫ·аҹд̿͵ζҶŰҹ˵
ҹһЦԭϹèײ󣬱ΪԼαװòأ
Ƭ̣ҶͲסʵҪȥִ񣿡
ҹûʴߵԶһ£ѽǰԱ㣬ջҪ·֮ǶҶ̫ˣ
ҶƤͷ૵ɱְֵҵ£ҲǲֻǺ棬һŴɱе˷ܶѣ
ĻȻСȴһֲ¶Ĵ밵ҹĶպ۾ʱֲǽСӰһ󷭽۾Ҳʪʮ㵽ǣʮһ






005  Ķ

ظջºҹ£ɽȻ
ҹ벻ģߵʱٵ˯СһСһĽë˴·ʮ˯Ųѧ顣
ҹҡҡ˶Ҷ
ģ˯ᣡҶڰ֣Сལ
ˣҹ΢΢ɰģ
찡ҵıأҶͻȻĴˡ
ҹվŲŲΪס
Ҷؿڡˣ
Ҫ·ˣﲻԸͬУ¾иˣҹҶþûע⵽Լ˵
Ҷ죬̧ͷǳЦŵİҹȫѣⲻ˧ţòڿÿ
ǣҹս΢΢ȭȻ͵Ĭˡ
ҹԥתȥҶŴæ
ȵңҸһͬߣ
ţҹͣҶߣ˵߳ƬӺףһʱɵٵȻԶͻоƼˣ
ƼңҶԺֳ︡֯ùӣҲ˳˾ģ֪ǽôˣ´ټʱ˼ҾǶˣһĸ޸Ǯ˶˱Ǯ˵Ľݾ
Ҷû£ҹԶҶɱŲɡĲڷˣһҲϵģһŮӣȴûб˦£Ҳֻм֮ң
׻ţԶããɽٿعâһ䣬ȽȽ𣬸ļɽͣӰӰ´£ʣĳϼ˲˸ͷ׵Ĳʹ⣡ҲˣԼԼһ
ճҶͣסŲԶĺգµһ죬Ӧöõİɣ
ɢˣԿԶдžֵڳƮҡ
ҶʱɵۣһȦֻصԭˣ
Ƿù£ҶּЦĵСˣЦݻһã
͹簡룡С΢΢̧ͷҹı飬Щŵתͷһкţ
ף͹ٺ죡СۣŶҶ˵
ĸ죿Ҷһ̧ܲǹҲ
СͷֹҲ̫˰ɣ
Ա󣬶ҶŸǮСǿ飬͵͵ŶҶ̫ˣ鶼һģ
ô⣿ͷСˣòôɣҶŵСǿûʲô⣬ûôأ
͹ӢŲں⼸СǮأСЦݣĵ
ŶӢͲںСǮûһǮѵӢۺ𣿡ҶʵСЦüͷһˣȿ޻ѿ
С𣿡ҹͻȻʵ
УУСڲ֪λشҶأҹʻϲӦš
ҶɷˣҪɣô죿ڰҹ棬ӰӢʮİҹҲһҲţϲһЦ
ҹС˸ǣһƥ
ҶԭϾţֻнּ˫ȻȴЦŨŨ
ҹ΢΢̾˿ΪʲôִԲǰŮ˵ʮ߷񣬵ʱദ֤ʵ
ĻҲǰͿɵִϪ򣡡ҹԼĮЩҲЮ顣
ҶǱ˲
ҹüǲ˵ţԼ£Գɱ֣ɱֵģƮ㣬
İҶδʶԼ̫ǿڱ˶϶书ᣬҲð
ҹ¿һ۶Ҷ¶ģһƲգŮڲ壬Բͬ¼¼׾ʹ˱ҶشȻȥȻ̣Ҳӽʵľնϡ
һݡڶҹڷлӱޣ´ƮƮıӰһ֮⡣
ҶУ˺ôദ˼ʱ˰ɣһͰ˦ˣԺﲻ绨Ц̣ת˲Į顣ΪʲôעǱģѵһģ
СȻŮӣ
ǰûҶͺͻȻõСôôᣬʱյ˶ĮģҲòſٳ֣üһǮ
ȻСô׶Ҷ˵Ļһ׶ߵӣټڳ°Ų˼Լǰ׳ҲҪѶǮ
ô˵㻰Сһʶİ½ܶһʱһʱ
ǲ㻰ģ𣿡˻˵һӸ󻹲Ǽɫ壬Щ˸ӿɶ񣬳ķһߵӰˡ
ǡС֪λشϰ˵ҪܲҪ˵ԼĶҪǺã





006   ݴ

ѾͷҾʹȥһϪµǮ͵ǹõİɣ㿴ɷ񣿡
ҶǰһƼҵԣһмĵŮһֲ
ãҶջ֣˵ͷȻŮЩɧüһƶĺǰС̣һ˿иȻ
ˬ죡ҶһЦԶҶ˼ֺøС
Ƭ̣СһͺڲȥѾЩˣ
һɨҶԾϳλãüһˬϳ
ҶЩǵһ˳ŵĿ߹̶ľƵĳʣڽﻹмӣˮң̺ӣӦ·ϳԺõġ
ˣ˵һӱޣ˻һ£ǰ̧𣬼۶ȥ
ĶҶ΢΢ֵ䵽ϡֻýסӣûеĺã̫ˡ
úȻʱǰ˺󰺣ϻ㰲ȣֻͷҡЩΡ
Ѿͷðɣƿӣͷһ۶Ҷ
ţãҶסһ˿ЦݣɴǰߣŨŨ֬ζ䲻˺ü磡
ˣȻһЦȻεˣü۲֤ʵഺ٣ǲʰ֬һһ㣡ùЦˣ
ҪϵģˮҰ㣬ЮˮҲɫ˥һ죬Ҳûʲôģô˵ҲأŮϣ⻰ǸŮ϶ʮ顣
ˬһЦ޵˵úã
յദҶǸĵŮˣȻЩҸŮЩ룬ʮ㣬Ů緶
ǵǰȻҹٶȣǰͿɵϡ
ҶڻĽһҹ
ΧڻѱߡöҶȻЩʶˣɢ㣬ˡǾģǰҹʧһԻأԺ󶼻飬˭֪Ϊӡ
ҶŻѳ˼üͷ΢ģʲôأ
Ҷ̾˿Ƭ̣ˣŻƲҲûʲôԲȱͬΪı
ﲻɵö࿴һ۶Ҷ͵ʱ򣬿û͸
ʵȥϪҲ˳ЩϵģҶŴӣ˵ȥı飬ֽŵٹ£һεִˣӣ·Ҳ
ִ᣿УҶٿ࣬ȥҲЩС⡣
ϪԶıɽׯһ˿Ц⡣
ԶǵĲԶһգҿˣҶǳʹʡʱҲ˵ɽԶˣⲻ˺üˣȶҪˣ
ҶԹ칾ӣһЦȷʵҪյĽų̣书Ҫϣɽ·᫣ԽѰ
ҶüҾ˵Щ̫ŹˣЩԶ·ƫƫ˵ԶŲҪȥأˣϪ͹һȥط
հʮ֣ڵִϪˣ
Ҷǰƣǰһʯϵɷ֣Ϫ
ʻǻʯɵĹţٽһϪ㾡ԭϪɽףһ·бȼʮȣҶĶƮˣǳܲ˻ͣ£ĳѹȻʧǰ㣬Ҳ
ڶҶЩ׵СҲֲֻ֣ЦŶҶ˵ģ㲻˵ˡ
Ϊɽׯʢ÷ĽȻһεִ϶Ըڴ˳ӣҲƽˣԭǱݴ˵߱£Ҳһζݴ
ݴ빬͢Ϊٹ˵ÿձƷСʥ֮˵
ݴΨһĲؾǱɽׯɽׯΧʮɽǲɽɲŮмǧˣ
üɫĽܣҶߵͷ룬Ǹɽׯׯоͷԣ˭˵ûвͱݴȻǲͨڲҲ֪һҳϪеɵйӦͦӴ
ƮĲ㣬ζ
ʻС·ɾ̯ò֣֬ζз㣬ݺݺЦߺ嶣죬ֽȻҡЬ̤ѥƣ˺Ǯ
Ҷ·ϵˣ·ϵ̯㣬ӶҪˣ÷·ߵĿջҲãһӭƮȡ֮ǲ¥£ǰСײ磬һЦӯӯ˿ͽ඼õúܣ
ϪĴССĿջʮңһЦֵʮҴССĿջдɽׯ
Ҷͷʵסģϵûͱ⻹أ˼ȫġ
һüЩȻĿһ۶ҶѾͷ̫ͬˣڱɽׯļҵֲֵӣУ룬Ĳࡣ
ݴʱЩɬζ˿˿ζ˵˰ٺȲᣡѶҶһСǰ˳󣬱߱߸
Ҷ˵
ɣҶ˼ϡǵԼҲȹ





007  

СŽȥһܴԺӣԺһŵķӣԺмʮһ䣬Ҷ࣡䣬ȱ߰ٻţѹ󿪻ĻҲв٣æµ񫣬ɻ䲻ͬͬ˻徲
ҶͣбİǼֵƣҲܺͿ˶ݣ׸
￴ҶǣǱϪõĿջ˵һ˿⡣
ҶסһǮ
࣬ʳָü
ۣ˰Ҳ̫˰ɣҲסˣѹ˼ҲпջʲôģҶתߣ
һ鶼סˣڱЦ
ҶתͷѹǵСϲӣ
ɫţ̰㴿ףɫ󣬴ϵ飬һֵһǧЦ棡
ʲôҶմ˵е觲ֵˣﲻɱڣѱռΪаɣ
˲˵ֻѾͷһе鱦䴽Ŀ
ʱҶ֪ʲôز¶Ⱑʲô˵ʲô
Ǳɽׯ˰ɣְλСҶǰǰһ£Ȼʡ
һЦ
ãҾһΣҶͦأһ·ɣЩҲ㣬οСŵľ飬Ҳ㣡
˼䣬һõľǰǰżó࣬ģ޼úɫһСľݡ
ˣɣ
һӹ붭ҶУҶһתĴһ£Զ̹ƮʳζоӺˣ
Ѿͷɣһ۶Ҷǰƿš
ľаһ֧ȵӣһ˲һ֧ʣһֻ̨̨ߴһī
Ҷ棬ݺ󣬽סӣ¿֧ȵӣôᵹεӻ˵ùȥķε棬ȴֻ֧ȣˣ
ȿȣᣬ˼̵ĺӶ˶ʹ˸ɫСѾͷôܶӣȴûԱߵ
ȥҶȴҶȻĽ
˵ôأͷȻ֧һΪǹŴжأҶ̧ͷɣǰĺ룬ֹǵģǷ񣡡
ʲôʲôģɺ΢治ʲô˼и־Ͳˡ
˵ĺģ±˵ģһ㴴ⶼûУҶȻ˷쮣Ⱦ
ֵָɴۣ˵ĺǶһ޶ģƣ˭޺һĺ룿
ˣͷһСʲôɶأЩߵһöҶ£Ȼǽȡһͷӣߵߣһ߹סǣһͷ˦סˣҲɨ˵Ǳߵĵϡ
Ҷѿ죬Ц۾гһˣøЦͷ
һһ֧ϣŶҶɣС˶ٱ
Ҷﹴ˹óһɫ޽۵ĺſȥӭ⣬Ȼ·
ۣ΢ţֱ㶵ĶŶҶе觡
Ҳһϲ۷⡣
Ҷû解ֱֱǿˮҪֱǧߵɣЦﻹ解觸߿ţʮ˿ţ֧䡭
˵ˣ۰ɣ˿˶С
ʵ˵˳է鲻Ҳ֪ЩϵȻɫеıһգŰ۵ɣֽŵ㿪۰ɣҿңҾȥɽׯȥ淢ǷɽׯƣһЩ˵Ĺ
ȣһƨˤڵأƨɣźվεСһģ
ǲ㣬ҲҪЩ׬ͷ䴽Ц͵ؿŶҶԽԽϲѾͷء
Ҷתͷ΢΢ЦǵȻûǸ̾˿ҿɣ֣Σһ򿴵ÿ޻ǹûдıƺ̣ǿɹƭ֮ͽеƭǿᣬѾ㲻ˡ
Ѿͷ⣡ɻãƭ˲ˣ˿ȴĲ̡
֪ԸͿˣշкĻᣡ
ã˼ˣϸãѾͷ᲻ģֲһӣ¶˾ġ
һһҪߵʱҪ˵鱦ģ˻ɵϣǵģһЩϳǳԲ͵ߣ㲻ûˡ
ģһҪڱɽׯȥأɵһЦ´ǵˮ¶
øѾͷֶŮˣĿ⾼ͶԵˣ´Ͳлˣټ϶δУһŮˡ
Ҷתͷǿź룬㲻ɵøд
Լ˵ҪֶŮֲģһܱûкã˰̣˵ùã
أҲϲ龫ֵѾͷҶԼԼһߣ㼷üͷбЩʵ
Ҷ֪Ȥǰһݣе壡
йøа壬˼ɹЦ





008  ּ

ףҶҲͿڱסˡ
ɺݣҶµð˾ŲʮǱɽׯġܹܣǽʧ˶˵ŽСӣ
Ǹµķֹµһ˸ʲôģʢȥˡ
Ҷ֪ԭıȻͨߵƤɵģŶҶһǸ߱޾͵սľġ
ɸЩǮϣǮׯԱʱȡ
˵Ҫ죬һɫɴʵƮķʧˡ
ҶǴ˯һһҹԴӴԽһ˯㣡
ˡ
˭ѽҶڴϽеΣǵģ
ƹС·ģ
СҶ˴ţһվ⡣ﻹһŷ·
˰ҴˮҪԡȲˣѷ˸͵ʽҪζģԽԽãҶԸСԸģǮܵӦĻرУ뵽Լסģ
Чʻߣֻһˮˣ
ˮӣ滹һСǹŸӣЩꡣ
Ҷվһ߿
ǵˮСɰˣ˼ʮͰˮһͰˣҪȥ˯ȥ
Ǻ𣿿ô࣬ϴҲְҶ˿⣬ԺһƬˣ춼ˣÿԹҹС
͹ֻ֪Ǹʮλ˶ˮģ˵꣬˶٣ѹ˵ڵģгøƵģտʼһ۸ܲˣ̴ӺŮ֪ȥˣֳԻ˶ӣéҪרŴĶаľ䣬һ̴ľңһϺõëʲôϣһƿǸӣ㣡⵹˵ˣ˼ǸҹӣɾҲΪ֣ÿһξҪϴһ裬ɿӴаľéޣҪëͻң
ҶЦøЦ
ĹҲ쿩ֱЦ
㲻һһ𣬲ҶЦ
ǰѵһһµ趼һϴˣС̧ͷ̾
ǰɣҲϴҶȵ
ҳҽéϴۻ֮Сһ˵һҡͷ
㲻ˣҶЦϺͨͨĹȤ
С˵ͷֿЦˣ
һȽСЦ̾ǿϧҽվȻûû۸
ҶԺֳüͷŶӣȻǵӣҲ˰ñҡҡͷֹˣ˭ܵ˰
Сǹȥ󣬶ҶڵľͰһõ廨꣬һףͻȻǶ˵Ҳҵ˽񱵽̶ֳȵģǾĲҲޣҲ̫˰ɣ
أҵģӹĽóԷˣǶˣæ·սС˲ģôû
ҶװһɫΧһɫɴ£ͷɫϵһޣͭǰ¿һ£ܾòԾԭϵϵú󣬲žûǾʲô
ˣ˵ҶһСԹһ߹غ÷šʲôģе㶫컹û͵
վڣ֨ѽһ죬ҶڼУҲ˲٣
ǰģһ£ºմסһͷСķռΪ󣬲ŷֶǷӵģЩˣ᲻Ծģ
ʲôֲСҶתһأ
㣡һ㶣һ˿ϲ
Ҷһ·׵ò˼壬Ӻգӵ˲Ƕ˭
㣡ҶҲеԩ·խ⻰˵뵽ǵˮС˵Ļ㼫סĵķЦ⣬ʱ˿ֻ̣ߵȻԴЦһ
Ҷվ̲סЦ
ܸˣЩƣô⸱飿
ˣҶţʲôҳԱ˵Ҷ˵ţ뷨һҿջԽԶԽã
·оƲˣûǷԸ¹ţһ죬Ҳһ죬ʱ˵ˡǸСĴڻӰһǺÿ
ѽ̫鷳ˣҶܾ
鷳ҲԼô˰ѳֲסŮǻģÿͲ죬һˡ
Ҷһ֮־ùⲻȥ㲻ԸŲŲȥ
ѽҰԵģҲϲģҶʨͷȻʵ
һЦ
ף㲻ǲװĲ𣿡תˣҶ⡣
⡭΢΢һ죬С䲻ڣǶû
ˡڷ
ҶС˲򿪷ţͷһС̫ˣôòУ
ôãҰҶߵСǰ
СһתҶ͵ոա˵һ룬㿴ĵĿ׹̶ŵò˵
ʲôŶᵹգ߰ɣˣҶһת䲻վ󣬹ɵؿ˿ϣû˿ĵذ尡ղתˣ
öǵС˵¶죬ѿ鼱֮²Ųܲߵġ
ҶѾǰˣ˵ˣҲܻضµķдˡ
гûӵĲˣ˹Сһۣҧ
ѽôЩˣҶ˵㿪˵ͦ󷽣ǽЩ






009   

ףôԣҶһڷֻһҡӣȼڲ裬
ԣµԶҶ΢΢һЦëһ£
ŶҶȻ򣬶࣬һ㶼ģοǽеĽ񱣡
⻹ҶѼ̲ϯһպɨһ۾ȵĶ˵
¾ΪҶЩΪǱˮĶ󣬲û˶ĵķӦСͨͨģƤɰ
·ԸĲ˶ȻʹΪҶҨһ뼦˼㱵ķŵҶǰƽһΪʢ
Ҷ°ͶҪˣǰòӣɱأôڣʲôıɣ
Ҷȣ±ͷסԼʧ˼䣬Լ̫ûϢˣһŮߺʱٹŮˣ뵽ˣɫ΢΢һ䣬̧ͷһŰıɽ
Ҷ̾ȷ黹죬
ˣҶһƲ죬Ҩõ廨Сʵ
ʮж´Ȼɨ˶Ҷһۣۡôôںƽʱ˪ģΪҪǿԼһ㡣
䣿Ҷʵ޸Щɣ
ޣЮһ鼦⣬ҶʵüŭᣬҧֱֱűЩȻĶҶݲðһٶսԡ
ŭյǣ˿и˲شûأֻƤϴȥüѣ
ֻˣҶסЦһɴϵķ䡣
ȣºݺݵĴӣúһƬ
ҶԴһƣ˲˵֮£ķѡ
һɫĶڶҶǰһΣһʱɫĶѱһЦⰺȻˣŨüۣӢͦıĴʱЦš
磬ʧʧԶҶºһЦŨŨüë·Ҳ
µ磬һ˫ӼҪɳѪ
˵˵ôϴȥһƤҶٹ̵ġԡʶãȫ˶ɱڵ˫磬̫ˣû뵽˵Ȥ
һһȣҧһںŨüѹɤһ˵ҹʱҾ˵
ǹŴҲֳ׬ǮҶۣû뵽˴
ʵǮ⣬һ˵ȥûˣôҪЩǮЩײİɣЦȻҶʲô֣ʲôҲ˼ѾͷĲֵǣ²ˣ˿̾ȻûѪˡ
ŶǣǣǮǵҪģҶҲ͵Ȼ֪Ǻηʥƾڶµĵȥ磬ǽпЦʹ²µóǵĹϵһ㣡
˵ûУдһ˿ĸ飡
ûУҶͬ
¡ಡɵűߣһ߿ţû˵Ҳҹȥ˵Ҳ
ÿ԰˶סˡ
ŶҶվ¼ȣԼͬس˷š
Ҷ˸˲Զصж½߾˻Ĵҹ
Ҷ˷ۣ૵İ壡
ˣҪͦƤЦⲻЦ
ѽˣȾưɣҶļһõ飬ֻ˷ҷһ㣬ɢ˵㡣
糶һ˿Цݣﰵ⣺Ѿͷ˰ˣ
ȥȻƣҶ˵˵Խȥ¥Ͱ״ˣҲȥŹ
Ƥһ˿ҹĺĺϵԺ䣬ŶҶдȥ
ιҶһһﲻǸɣҲ񰡣Լһװأ
˶º󣬿ҶͨĶεЦѾͷˣУ¥ɲӦȥĵط
һ󼱴ٵĽŲŮӵ˵
꣡ʳָߣԶҶĵͷ
Ҷ۾ϵһаôǶ֪ԼŮװԭΪݵһÿŮŮװôǸŮģƫƫϹһӲװɵװף
˵翴һ𣿡һƮƮƮݵŮͻȻͣסŲߵѾͷ˵
ţģ˫޵Ѿͷصĵ˵ͷ
ΪδϻȥһۣѾˣ˵ڼžҹԵøӵ
Ҷ̾˿һ˴ݲе˺۵ġ
˭תѳʣͭ¹һĹâҶüҲ΢΢һĻɻҡҡҷҷԺӣ
Ҷѱס죬Ҳһ͸ŵһС
ˣˣûʲô˰Ĵ˿û쳣
ᴹջؽȥ




010  ġˡ

ʶҶƿ磬ϵ·ʵֵĻ˼Щ㱣Դ˿̺ܲȻ
Ҷ־ٶ絭һЦֹϵã
֪ˣеı粻ɣҶЦЦӣѰ˼µ治Ƕ
ǸվҶǰһţӶŶҶϸ󣬲֪뵽ʲôһջصȥ֡
ҶԲǴҹ㣬ҲСұ񣬺֮ƽĶҲʲôףȥģñ֣֮Լ
ԶŶµķ䣬ҶȻģ
ýȢķˣᣡ̾˿һ˿ܸӵȴԹŵЦ⡣
ǿкϷˣоԼԹͷȥȾƱֲ뻹ǻط˯ɣתһ룬Լ˯һһҹˣ
վڻУһڳ˼һƽʲôŲģ
һܷŭڶ˲Żع
ֻɺվǰ
Ѿͷֻ쵰һ𣡡ߵҶߣŭһۣɷ˵ŶҶȥ
壬ûʲôҶſܹŴ˼ȽϱأйŮദ˷ףοʱѺˣǶҶĳԲŶüŭĿ
ߣҶʲôҪĴĶأ˾Ĺ򣬰ԿŶҶһһ˵š
ҶߣǶܿ϶书ǿİ֪·ϢǷ߱ˣòԼҲûʲôر֮
ͻȻͣ
ôҶʵµķǰˣٹȥһ
ɺ˿üͷѾͷǻ䷿˵ֲ꣬ɷ˵ŶҶߡ
ҶŸղɶ˶²ɣҪ£
ʱ绹վҶһܲõЦݡ
ߣҪָһǰۣڵҼСҶԶ㣬ӿҴ֣
˼Ҳ˵ȵⰢ˼˼ҵ֣Ҷ˼ţһůֱļ䣬˵ĸоãǻԹ޻ڵΪԼͷͷһЦţһҸΨһԶҸ
ѾͷסͷҽСðɰѶҶһסԶһͷȻԣһĶԶҶ嶼Ϊã֪Ǽһǰĳˣ뵽ʲô˿̵ࡣ
ˣҶĿһɣ
ԣ죡һӣҶΪĲˮ˳
۾ҶӿɣҲްɣҪȻô
ǡɶ˶¶ֵǸȥķ磡ɱǿ׶ˣŭŲ豭𡣡ҾҲŹǸðǧε˶ճɻҶϵã
ŴˣҧгݵģҶܵýΪܣǼЦܣ̫ɰˣ
ѾͷԺ󿴼͵ǿһҲҪ˵ԸöҶǣǱ裬жҶúϢȻȥˡǳǳĲ΢΢ıӰҶɿ϶У
ʵĳȻķͷƽ߶߶ż﹥һ£ʵҲûʲô˺¡
ߺ󣬶ҶҲ˳ȥȥģ֪ڻûУȻ˵ʵûˡھĶһа
ʹСԭľסڶ¶ȷĿͷ
ʱʱˣȴӰĪڶ
ءӶ·ﴫһ
ǾĵҶ붼֪ǺˣûǽᾹ˵СǼϾȲϷˡ
ҶҲ룬ֵ︡ǾıŮ˴׵ӣߵһ߿ţŲ˼£Ӧ£
ҶվſڣЩȣû뵽Ȼߵһţ̴ľţŰ廹˵ļ́ۻ˸ֱˣѰžĵӰ
㣡΢ȴ˾ϲ
Ҷȥϣ׵СǾϲĿԼ
ԣĺûŶ˵ȣײأҶһĨñ˼ЦݵΪΪѽһǳǸ˼˵ı飬ҶЩ֪ؾһ
պܹ죬ÿ
үٷˣһĵĿ鼱֮²çײģүٷ˼£Ĵ㲻ˣĵȻȴʵ⣬˵꣬µȥ
ԱߵСһϷסСأǣ
ţҶһⶼʲôʲô߻һŶѣѾǸˣʲôҽаٲһžǣЩˣҶֻһ۾ģʹ˸תˡ
΢΢бҰѾͷ̧֪٣ղҪǶڴˣҰѾͷȥˣ˭ǾС꾫Ľ㣿
㲻ҰҪĻٷ˶һɨ㣬ٸ
Ƕȥһֱ˵ĶתˮŴʵҹɫһĽëǽ绨Ĵ΢΢һ䣬Цˣղ֪Ӻÿɰ




011  Ůױ

˵İôôۣ˼з㻹ʲô֣ҶɸֵȰ˵žһ滨꣬Ƶû˵
ڴϣͷСἣ߰ߣԴӻط󣬽һ˵˺üʱˣ
㿴㣬Ϊȥģ̫ô㲻ڷţɽʲôΪ˵Ȫˮݲ˰ɣҧˣף߰㲻룬µĶҶָžıײŵСȣ΢΢졣
㣬Ը檣СöҶ
ȣҶһӣҪˣΪĴСֳ󣬷⽨˼Ķٹ̣֪һͨףôŤת
Ҷƿݺݵ˼µĿƽЩˣˣֲǾȵһģǧǧģԼҸͺãôȽʶǺǿЩڶʮһǽʬϵģףԲԣԼڽʬ
㣬үʱҰأǸһĨҸЦݣ۾˶δõ㽣
ѹ˵һŮ˱ɵϣҶҡҡͷһͷڴϣĿԼĺýһĲ·ԴӴ󣬵һζԼ˻ɣѵԼ˵Ļһ˵ûУ
ͻһշףîʱѵҶ۵ñ˫ۣĿҶ˯ð飬૵˵ľĶȴƲԼģ
ʱ
ߵǰҡҡҶ
Ҷ˸Ȼ˯
ѾͷѾͷôˣðˣſں
ҶЩӳˣ治״Ĳ˯
ѵ𴲣ϥڴϣȻ˯ߵıԵ
Ҷ룬̾ߵǰʱˣҵĹӴˣ
æģҰҶۣľ⣡
һɫɴȹֹ
ôˣҶʵɵؿɣ
ȥүͶӣԵȣҺСҶһ͵ɼĴһߵľġ
ĳȥЦĴе·
ɫȹӣƮƮӣӦҶ˵ͷ
ϲüңһҶǿ컻ϰɣ
Ҷü˰Сֵ壬˵ˣǸɱ֣ɱ־ҪɱֵӣЩܾ˵㶫ڲɱӦеͷһѷâ¶Ľ
СҶ㶼ңҲ㵽ͷˣǸ粻֪أɿ
ҰʲôҶ˿Ǽɴ£ֵҴŮװ;ȵǸͻ
ɵͷԶԣģׯԸҪرдүͶӣʲôҪҶҪӦ
үҶૣүүǷﲻᵽүû뵽̤Ьٴȫѹ
Ҷ˼ɼˣ
үִģ˵ҪȥΪ裬˿żأɵԭɣ
ãҶ˵ͷһʱһʱ˼Ҷ͵ǰˣĶҲ̫ûˣӶ𣬾Ӧˡ
ɵſһ֣ѾͷΪҶױ磡
һɫϯسȹƮƮ죬㺮ߵ׺ɫޣ̵ɴʣںڵһޣ˿£ϵŵɫշƮȻ
ߵĺ룬žû뵽ƽʱʩѾͷȻ˳䲻⣡
ҶӯӯһݣƤһЦֻһ֣˶ʱʻ
úãЦ£ŮӺ࣬ӺҲãҲգ˷ҶȴǷѵõ쾡£
Ҷ̣橶żʱվǰľĿڱǶҶЦԳֻУֱǰƽʱֵĽ㣡
ҶԱ˾۵ı⣬ؾԵŮ룡
̤ż䣡
үӣҶרΪݲģɶԶҶʹ˸ɫ˵һԣ
Ҷүӣ֣ټϴⴵķպðɴ´Ʈ̣κ侹·
״ĶҶȻһɣ˳ģ̧ͷү׳ʲôҲҹүкüҲųǰ˾Ҫɱˡ
´Ҵҿ˶Ҷһۺ󣬱һûһҡӣհĳëס˫ʼˮĻ⣬ҪΪ裬ȴ뵽˳ɫҿһЦ御еķʱ֪ʲôʧ̬
̧ͷñƣ
ϴһԵеȻʮ㣬ֲʧᣬһǷǵĳ嶯Ҷոջ̨̫ף̧ͷ
ǰ˿˵ĿīӣһаǷĴ겻һ˵ջ󣬾Ͷ䣬һɾµķ緶
޼Ҷʮ㣬˵ϸ߹˵ȴһʻʣͺñֽϵľɫĵ𺳵ͬʱȴһֶԣǵǰŮӾǵĵˣ
޼΢ͷʵĹڲͬأ
µһЦ
үЦһ޼ͻȻ뿴ŮЦôǡ
Ҷ̨ʲӦ˵
䲻ԸΪ˹ȫ֣޼Ǹ˾ȻȻĶЦߣôһ˿Цݡ۽ǴһϤӰҶ㵵Ŀ
޼ͻȻϻģһԭżе۾ڼϣһʱ䲻֪ηӦɵǡ
ҶһЦе籭˵ˣԲԲͷԲԲԶ˯߲ĺǲ߲СԲǣཱུĺ񴽣ֱС֡һģһĵЦÿɰС֣ǰŴˡ
ҼҶ·˲õЦݣ㶼Ķ¡
ãҵ˻ԴոջöҶһɰͻȻüֱĶΣƿֲɣɺŮǣǧһְλոոүұ֮һҪɨǸˡ
£ȥ޼Щŭѵ͵ֲһԲƵ
³ŵʱ򣬺ݺݵص˶ҶһۣüëɼԶҶ֮ࡣ




012  粨

ҶЦĿȥû뵽С֡һװԲִཱུӻͦģ
ҵȤ޼һЦŶҶĵʵ
Ҷҡҡͷֵ˵ͷ
̸裬֮壬ջһһ裬¶΢΢һߣĶŶҶ
ҶţͶӵˣݵòã£ҶǫĴ⻰˵ǱŤ
ŵ񻨰ϥ£Ҷ̷ŵ棬ȻΰϵĲŷźã޼һۣ촽¯걣̳Ϊ跿ıȱһɣ
˵֣꣬
һ̴Ӷ˽һСɵĻ¯ڶҶߣ
Ҷװˮİŵ¯Ϻ󣬶һߵգգۣ
ֻһĵˮھżУʱʱίӵ͵͵
Ҷ˵һˮˮΪҪλ֮ˣضԲҲжӣѡõˮʲãӰ쵽ɫ㣬ζ˵ˮò
޼²ԼͬĳҶͷ͵ĿŶҶ
ˮð̡ˮڶҶΧƮʹҶһɾľ磬ǵЦݣֵ޼¼ʧ
õȪˮ˵¶ݳòǻǲȻʥˮҶ˵꣬¯ϨֵˮտΪֹȴһ㣬ݳĲӵˣ
ż˶ƽľŶҶӯ׵ڰϣǴ֪Ҳ˶Ľ
Ƭ̺
ҶѼֻ거ڵϣ¯ϵİͻȻһְɣ
̣СЩͻȻ˵ˮӳ顣
Ҷµ΢΢һҶһᣬϵĻҲûͣ
Ҷһû巨걣һ˵ˮ̱ǿ¶ȣֻò̶ȵɢ
ҶַԱ׼ˮϴһ£˿֣𰸼ϵ׼õıݴ޼ͶµһЦݴƮĹ㿴ϸݣ״䣬ɽׯϲɲŮ
ҶһЦԵ⣺̫вˣû뵽ȥѧջճͷ
Ҷ˳ݵֿ˻סףñɱ𽥻һܣȻ󽫱еˮ걱޼Ͷ£ǿˮĲ豭䱦һĿΪͲ̵棡
һֻ񱭱ſڰϣɢŵ
Ҷ걱ע뿪ˮ߽˵߷Ϊˡ
һ׼󣬱Ͷ걱ݴ״ĲҶѩŮƮ걱С
ֻƬ̹򣬱ݴˮ󣬷׷ױ׳ȥҶ˿ѱס걱
̣ҶͦЩʹСվ޼ȥ
һ裬۾ϲ޼ȥʱеıݴɢˣϡ޼붭ҶΧ
˸㣡޼ааһЦŶҶ˫ӭϣסӵͬʱҲס˶Ҷ֣˫ǲݷ˵İ
һֱܶҶǣȻڵϷɫþóס֣ԵĲã
ү»ʱҲ쵽˶Ҷϣ
Ҷֻ΢΢ЩŤʹڶˣҸţǣŸղݸүĲ裡
µȻһЦüһϵĿ޼үƷ裡
£ģ޼Цӹ裬͸аȵӵɨ˶Ҷһۣ
Ҷܾ޼йЦ⣡æ˦µ֣һݸתصߣ
ѾͷһңɶԶҶ˼üң
úãɫ峺ζţǶ֮ˣ޼ֶԶҶһЦ
ɫߣҶ޼ʮӣӦòɱǺ֣˵ܣаӾ֪һʡ͵ĵơ
үˣҶҧ֮⣡
޼ŴŶҶŮ˻ζѹֶôš
Ҷߵĵ޼ﷴѰ˼һ޼Խͷ֮ޣ
үȾƣҶĪһЦȻ裬΢΢һڣ
޼ƴЦããŮƣֶΪأ
ŭĵһ۶ҶŮ˵ʲôѵҪ޼Ը˲ʹ죡һڶЩ΢Ҷһݰɣ
Ҷʲô֣
ҪүȥȻƣ𣿡Ҷв㻹𣿽ˣͲˣȥ¥
¹Ȼ¶ӵ񣡡֪ܵŮˣӦöиǣ崿ȴŵʮ㣬һȾָģԭܹݡ
ҶԶµĻֻǻһĨЦߣҲ߲ȥ˶Ůʲô֪ܣԸһɧ
ү¹ӣãҵȾͲˣɼ״¶Ҷǳˣͦű۹ɱΣճΪҶΧ
ţ޼ӦֻЦںвơ
ٿҶ
һŭĶҶɵ³ż䡣




013  ˺

Ѿͷүɲʡ͵ĵƣǶҲһֻ꣬СЩɰѶҶԺеһ£ŵĿ˿ܣԶҶ˵
壬ҲǰҵģҶ֪Լ޼Ϸ֪ܣ
գգۣ˻ˣҶ˵꣬óһݸҶүȾƵʱ򣬰͵͵ŵˮȥ
ţʲôҶӹɻĿɣ
һۣкҩ
Ҷ˲ˣǰҶã
ҲɫĿһ룬Щ糺죡
ҶеĶЦ岻µү
ֱͦ壬¹˭
ҶЦףȻЩӲȴһΪԼϧȥȨ
ߺ˳ݵϣĿƵСݷ
һζϮҶ͵ľѣԭԼͶûԣ̫̫ԲԼθˣվƨɣֱȥ
ߵ̫ûӭˣ
ͨҶײһӲǽ﹥̧ͷûŭǡС֡
׺ݵƲһ۶ҶͻȻȡݺݵĿһȵϣŵذ嶼
Ҷ΢΢ͨ¿С֣
ҲСҲ֣䣬£´
Ҷ΢΢ס䣬ֺõЦһᣬһᣡ
ߣһ뵽үӣӵĺ޶Ҷɨǣͷξүүûȥ̺򣬿ûˡ
ȾƣҶһҪ˵ӣ㳶˳½С
ȣһŤͷתͷ嵽Ժм£һƨڵϣŴҲò˼塣
СֻһɰѵүˣɫߣСһ룬һߵԱ¡
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أֺһס
Ҷ»ˣϾִġС֡С֡Ҳʮ߰꣬Ǹ
ޱޣһḺģһḺģ˵˵ɫߵ׶ôˣȥߣɶ񣡾Ȼ۸
ӣÿ켦𴲣Ŭڷܵϰ书ϣгһܹҫ鹣ҵòıһ£˺ܶѪǮͨǹܼңҰүߣ˴γţҲҵøүүѡҵվ͸ˣСħŮʲô˲Ц
ĵĺѹöҶܼˣüͷͷ˫ϥУ͵͵˵ԲҲǹģ
ҶС糺죬֪˵ӣҲ˼֣ĨĨ󣬵ˣԭˣΪոտ޹Щɳơ
Ҿ֪С֡õҶ̧ͷȦ΢΢죬û뵽ŴСҲһһСֳͷģ
ͷ˼ô֪ССС֡ٺ٣
ҶһЦô֪ǰС־ʶأ
ţСҶӣ㲻˵ҺȾ𣿡۾ЦѰ˼ţһСҲףѵйԸ׽鶼ˣ˭ûã֪ˣҲģ
ҶüƤЦȻҶҶ˵߰ɣ˵գѵĸоã
Ҷ¸߸˵ߺ󣬻дһЦ˫ﺬһڲݵϣŨŨüë΢΢ȻִЦѾͷ˵ҪǺЦˣҹģ£ԲԲ£ɹңΧƵƲʣĹ⣬һ˪
ͻӰһš֨ѽĿˣǱһŵķʱ˵ơ
ҳȥһӵ
磬ôεεЩʡ
ߣһߣ
ãһҲûʲô˼ˣĻδ˵꣬һʹ
ʲôɫ΢΢һ䣬˽еذף
ɲ㣡˺һײ߽ɫ΢׵Ľᡣ
ϵѪ¼ʱֹ˿Ҳ
ޱΪϺҩȻΪ
ҡҷ£˪࣬ë΢΢ޡ
磡΢»ȥ
㣡ͻеһʣƿҧȻҩ
ᱻƵڵأԹޣݺҧӣ
ýҩѾðƣҲԽԽȣʲôҧһ㣬ĳҲ˷Ӧ
վӭӶ£һɴȹ˲أ
ƽ£ЦҾǽҩ
Ůеö¸ӵͣ⻬ļ΢Եøӵ룬ŴսĿҲ壬
ԵĶ£֣ǰеһڣǱ㻬һ˿⣬Σͬ񵱳һΪ֮
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½ҧأǴܣ׶޳ѪӨ׵ļһָۣ˿Ѫģʹ֮࣬ǹ֮ȴԽԽǿ־ɢǾȥĸŮˣֻҪǰС





014  ɫ

ˣҶ˯ʣĴӳСֿոȾƺȵ̫࣬ҹĻ׳滽ѣܲ˼ĴݲУòЩʣˣԸοꤵĶƤ
ˮߣһͰˮհСͰţ䲻ͱһ˫ħצ𶪵һߡ
ƨײϣʹöҶһ˯Ҳ˼֣ĸ쵰ôţײ
ۣͱˮǣĨĨһǰһ͵ͷϵˮǶѸײڶˮˮһǳɣްɡ
Ҷɵſ͵ЦŴȤʲô˶С
˦˦ϵˮǸɧŮ˲֪ŪҩȻסȴԽԽ
ͻȻղﻹһˣתͷʱҲһ˭
ҶЦ˲̣µѻջˣԺɲʱհףҲʹһζԼĳ嶯׷Ī
Ҷ𿪣ײԶһƬϣ£Ź㣡ҶݺݶǰɫЩ׵ˡ
û£²Ұ׵ת˲úҶֵ˵ûܵһƵ˺ߣˣŮǻ书ģ
㵹㣿ôôˣҶŴǺݶǸڣ
㻹ͺӣСһһϣһһķӯȥŰ
ҶųʹСƨƨһۻʪĶ߾ߣԻϲⰡߣװʲôװﰮɾ̤һҹĻԭα¶ˣЬûαˣɧˣʱӵɨһ۶ѩ׵Ľš
벻֪Ѿ޿ˣû߼Ҷ˾ͱߵڵأδӦѱһȵĶסˡ
Ҷֵ۾ǸǿŷŴ˵Ŀ¹붯ˣǽյ˫ɼȵĽëҶСһɣ±лɳãԵغסͷ
͵õˣҲţЩһƬһƬ˺䣬Ժֻһ뷨ҪŮˣ
ʪĴݺݵϣϣϣϻ̼ģ˵һҹζҲͦ
һҹǰӲϹòãдҶҲ˲ʲô̼̼ˣҪ󺰡
סҶ죬˿ڿˮͺ˶֪Ÿ𣿡
ҶûûУֻ۾ŭĵǱɫǵˣ
ҶͰϵ˰ڲģ˵ֿڻģĺܷŭĸ쵰оѨģѨ˾͵ˣȫ¶ˣضûУ
ҹԺ紵ݵϴɫһƬҹȻ˲ͱ

峿͸ķǰСӣϻ׵ļ
ںڵĽëһ£ٿһ˫ã˫
ҶŲһ壬һʹдҿ治Σһ˴
촩ǼɴѲԼϣ˰ɣ
ϴԼ˯£Ҷ̾˿ߵͭߣؿڵ·ϸϸžԼӣҹɫµȱȽǣӿɶǶͲϵǺۣô˰
ǲӦһѲ˵嵽ǰһ
ʲôûУ뷨ĳʱҶðеͭˤϣ˳Ͳն
书ͦģòӻס˲ˣЩһģȥͦģ֪ǲǶһģԣɱڱ֮ΪԼڶ
䣬Ӱҡҷ峿͵͸֦ҶһһµϣȻеҡеֽȣɫȴ˼磬ˮҲ纣ף
ˡЩҵչԤʾӲٰ
ɳɳûз磬ϵҶȴ޹ʷ׷ɣˡ
壬һô᣿һôϣĿǰСһ𳤴ĺѡƽû˿·ŵˣ
̧һ磬ԵҹҴ⼸ļ֣òڲݵϵĸоҲǺܻ
Ŷ˭ôͣ°ͣһĲ˼塣
Ϊ˵ģ³
ʼ磬ڳһϴӡ
ţǣһ˦䣬һֽӹ㺮зɳֱֱ硣
ָһУֽ㰲ȻСƬ̺ɫͼ˵ֻƬ
ɣЦ˿ȥȴôɣ˫žϲҲŵǡ
ħȻһûɱ֯Ҫô֣ÿһγֶýѪȷġ
β֪Ϊζҵþˣ΢΢ȭʱŵýһɥҪһ£ʮ꣬ڵȵسˡ
ҲǸʮ̫˰ɣ帣ŪĻ̻̣ǸϺͿ粻˵
ĴγɽɽĴ˵ʮǰ޷ϻλڸòǺ˰ɣЦһһóѡ
ô֪ɽˣɵͽܸý
Ľɫһ㲻ǲֵ𣿲˵ѡ˻ڲͬҹ£߷ѣֺͿŮظϵĵɫÿһ¹һЦֵֻǲ֪˭ˣ˭ڿ̽ҹɽˣ
´û·Ѱģ壬ƽգֻҪԸ⣬ؤҲģ̾˿ֽϵ߰껨ɫʮ㣡
ҽ˫£ȣ΢΢Ťͷ硣
ƲƲ죬Щ΢΢죬ŨŨüëҲŲ⣡ȥǸŹֵˣɲѩǸ
һЦεȥŷ˰
֨ѽѹü׹أ˰ɣ֪ұǶθ˵øγϣȥˮ
ĹŵӣҵǷԵǵ֪ܣЩֻЦ
ȿȡ͵Ŀǧ˵ѩˣҲûˣ
Ҫȥҽ˫뵽ºִ˵Ǹ롯֣Ҳһı顣
գһ´ۣԸҪһˣ˶٣ûлش𣬱Щŭ㲻֪Ǹ˭𣿸ﻹһ٣
֪ںˣ¹ϵĴҲࡣ
Ǹɫ˭
Ҷ
ǴظϵģۣŶ£꣬ǲǵģҸŮˣ˼ϴƤˣˡ
ӵסļĿƵĶǰƲˡ
ûУֻѾͷô񣡡ӣһЦЦĶ£˫ֻز˵






015  ˼

ҶæһϣԼװ磬ЩǺ۸һ£濴ҲǼװ·ﴧ˼ӣ׼ȥЩ綾ҩϣȥһѽϣɱ֡
ճţģ
㣬ҪȥģĽסҴææضҶ
ҶжһЩԵĶһ϶øǸ쵰µģжҩһŵ
ȥ֣ȥ𣿡ĵһ΢΢ͷøӵƣ˾ôãֵÿ쵱һţ
Ŷ㣬Ҫѷ͵үС˵Ҷ΢΢ͷ϶ķ̶ˡ
ȥȥɣҶͷĻ˻䣬ˡ

ҶһЩСԣ߳Ա߿
Ϫɽ֮УʹҲȣ糿ķ͸ˬˣдɽϵľҶ㡣
ߵһ̣Ҷͣ
һͷŰӵĴһеĴӣڻҫ¶ԶҶкʲôҪæ𣿡
Ҷ飬΢΢ǺͨͨðŻӵĻ¯ΪҴһ𣿡
Ǵ󺹰ڴĽŵ¯˲ʵҪʲôģ
Ҷۣ۾ǲʹһСӲǸгɹ
Ǵʪ˲֣һ۶ҶЦʵﴩŮװӱ־Щ껪磬촩װֵַζ
Ҷ͵ƲƲ죬ѵװԵ
˵ʲôĽãҶվֱĿŴ󺹡
üͷ˼״
һѱ߻
ôˣôԣҶÿҲ֪˭ˣ
˿ѥ̤̣޼ಡĴеĽȣЦô⡣
壬ͰҴһЩĽɣҶ֪ҲʲоÿӢ˵ˣʵҲĪеΧһ˲Ϣ
һ־µĽʺϹ޼ǲգȻֱֱŶҶĲţë΢΢̣ȪˮĺȣСͦεӣ΢΢˲ӵ뻳һ׷
ˣ޹»Ҷͷ޼ааӣ΢΢һ졣
޼ˣһЦֵȾȥ
̧ˣһ£Ҷ˶ת߳ӡŲŵ޼һεѹȸУлߡ
Ϊ᱾޼ϣ붭ҶС
Ҷͣһۼװ󲻽⣬ȴȻüɫ޼ƲƲҶһƽĸү
ûǴĻɴӦҪ뱾ȾƵģ޼üЦа
ǰǲǽգ
ղײգ޼˽ͷߣܶҶ𲻴ӦָŲԶһҾ¥ЦǼҰɣ
ҶͻȻúܷһתͷܿǲ㻹
Ǻǣ޼վԭؿŶҶʧȺӰǿһĨЦݣѵˣƹŮӣӯʱϺû䰡ΪʲôǸŮ˾ô̧֪٣
һӣתͷߣӰٸԼסǽϢһᡣ
鲼ƯóѣһܺÿɣһʮŮһɫ˿Ļϲضߵĸ˵
ѽǼˣȻҪúôˣŮߵĸ˴ȰĿŮϾƣЦȴҸ
ҶǿֵĸŮԶԼ̾˿谡̧ͷ˿Աߵ˿񲼣˽ȥûĺӣԼҪԼ
ק鲼ȴ˲ղź˿̵ϰ嶫ҹĻʺǵĺ깫ûȴ˳ǮȥɱˣڵĻʺǼٵĻĿǻˣƴɱʵۣǼް
λһ˼ɣһͷ̫̫ס˶Ҷȥ·
ǼˣװЩ˶ʲô񾭣ҶͷҲ̧˻֡
һɣڰ
Ҷˣ̧ͷ˿̫е˼ɫε˼ϸӴѣȻȴиԣҪǡҶüصЦˡ
صĺСҵ°Щ˵İڣǰԼҵӣɬһЦߵ
㣬鲼Ưĸ˵ĿŶҶһߵĲ
͸ģҶݵһɣһץĸɰڣƤţ
ԾãĻ𲼣ڻĸ
ãҲΪѿһڣģŮӾ͸úúô磡֪˭˵˵Ϥ
ף㣬̫ӲˣˣٸȥļҶӽÿ죬Ҷеӡ
㲻ҪүзݰҶץһӡ
Ҷһ˵ı죬ףֻн۾ĵġ
ҪףΨһԼֻԼҪκˣҶĴ󣬱㵭ЦЦ
ģÿ𣿡ҶѰඹŪɢˣһεĺ춹˳İ顣
ţ
˼Ҳа鶹Ҷɢ˼ŵŮ
ǿԳ𣿡СҲĴչϸϸĶꡣ
ʲô𣿡˵Ķ˵һ˵˭˼ͻᰮǸ˼Ůӣ
ҧӣϽһ顣
ҶЩԥĿһ۾ģû˼ǰҲõǲҪĴ˵Իˣ䶾Գ˪ʳǱڱȽϾãһʱ֮ھͻᷢ
Ҷ飬ȻºˬҲǺ䤱ƽһɱˣϰ£һ뵽ҹµУ־ּᶨ

С䣬˵ʲôбɴƵĴϣƺǸ˯ѣЩӹ⵭ĳջκ
Ҳûʲôֻ˵˼ѣ˵꣬Сһ˼ݵ
ɫ˼޳мշתķĩƮ˸ɾĵϣ
ǲ˵˼ʳãӹĵʵ
С˵ͷ
ȥɣ˵꣬ԣŰɫĴϣ΢΢䴽૵ҵҪ㵽жͣ





016  

ºڷҹֲָ
һһµվڴڣҰ׵ϻѪǳͷ紵ϵŴĵĸõζıӡ֣Ķ˵Ҫң
һڱϿգˡ
Ҷڴߣñס£ҵģ㲻Ҫңء
űˣ˾һ΢ĵƹ˺ڰ
סͷ˶ɸ㣬޿Ĳ֪˵ʲô
ѾͷˣµߵߣҶеıӡ
ҶԹԵĻ֣ɫҰס
Ѿͷʹҡҡŵûɢ˶
ҶʱЩȰ󣬱˵У޺ùãμˣ
ֻ

ҹҶһֱ޷˯ڷĺһݽĽôһɱ˲գ۵Ĺɱ֣ҪѧѪҪѧ飬οǶһԼ֮أ
ɱɱҶշתֱֻ࣬۾Ҳʵèۡ
ɥǻϣҶ˫ü糿ٺõĿҲɢе
¶Ǻ˰ɣҲһ书ʱһЩҪҪȥУˣ˻ã
鰡´ԶҶߣʱ;º󣬾ûټﵹͦġ
лԼ˿˶񣬿ˡ˫Ȼܲʶĺ
ô߰µһЦֱֱһļˡˣúֻû
ҶҧҧЦΪ¹ӽ˿ѥ̤쳾·أô˿·ˣ
еӣ°ҶϷŪģԭڵϵĸоڻδڳһƤЦģŶҶƸӵš
Ҷһ߹ȥ˾ȻľͱܿˣԼ˼
һӵĿŶҶķӦ书װӣÿԣװǻƵģǾտ¼䵹ûװôģ
Ҷվֱ󣬴½˫Ļ￴Ӱӣԭһֻһ̯˺󣬾ͲαװԼˡ
Ϊʲôֻ˿ԵϷŮˣŮ˾ͲԵϷˣǾͽƾͼƣ˭
£û뵽ŵ°ͣһߵģͷ˻⣡
Ҷż⣬ӣס欵Ĵ꣬̽Уץסͦµļⲻݲصһ󣬻е䲻һ׹أҲݺݵס
ŮˣǵвԼȻղܣǴ֮ô᣿
һĳУ
ĴŮ㾱ϻȥʱ·ʧȥˣ
񰡣ҶץסʱһߺһߺݺݵҴߡ
㣡ҧ۶ŶҶǴ󺰴滨ģȻϷŪˡ
ԶľվȺУһЩ˽ǵŰϷ˷ܣ
үСüվԶԥĽһ¡
Сõһθİۡ
ٷˣСЩү꣬Ƣ壬ʮֹŹ֣ϲŭ޳ϲʱԵԳѣŭʱѲѣѪ

ŶζķһٿشǹһĨֻЦݡ
Ůˣпͷˣ
һ仰ȴûڰԵеĶҶһ£ʲô˼
һЩҵСһȥһĻůĿԺ¶ʱҪаգԼô֪˵˼ҶȻؿĨӰû뵽˾Ȼ˺ݣ赶ɱˣһʯ֮ƵõþҶԼͷǱɱ˲ɣ˺ڹ

ѾͷˣϹͷӲһˣɶŽţĨᣡ
ж𣿡ҶҲòֻ֪춹жȴ֪ⶾҪô⣡
һȭȣҧƽ˻ûʲô֪ǶǺҲ
ˣҶãȻҡҡͷ
Ӵǵر߹صġѪүµıǧ𰡣ɼݺᡣ
νѪ
ɱԣ֪֪ҪѪƽϢ£
û˽𣿡Ҷʵݺ˼ڿˮ
⣿ϪеĴˣȴûһ֪ʲô治ָȺӹҽɾ̾
ƣȡ֭һףУʹ֮Ż³ɽⶾҶ֪ıĳ仰հգҽɣ
ÿʺ°ͶҪˡ
ʲôʺʺģ˵ʺа˰һ࣬³ȥҲβĶأȻ鶼ˣҲ㲻ӹ٣ҲӣҶص̾˿ɱ¼νǣడתѹҶڽͷԶ£ĿȻؿЩŻţɫҰ׵ˣϢЩңʱĹȥҲԽԽģ£¶ͦ
ֽŵϵĲݣҧŴҲǲģ
վڷʱʱҶ߿Ҷĵģ㵣ĵüȥûүĳҲš
֪˶ãҶҲʧȥԣľȻҲƽô࣬и߸ͦţ





017  һ

ߵϦֻʣƲʣٻɫĹ⣡
Ҷ񾲵ʵĽߣһĨüЦݣγ˫ǳеĿ֣еıˣÿ£
ǰüͷôҲⲻ
ȵļһˬķ磬ͻȻ˴
ˣ֪˭һ½½߳һЩǸոմӵѵˡ
ҶվޱĿɣ
Ѿͷ㰡̾˿Цտ
ţҶֻǵ˵ͷ
Ѿͷôɫôѿǲǵİ尡ԺӣûˣŶҶ˫˫㰲ο
ţһȥϢˣҶǵĻӦ
ɱ֣һͷˮĿŶҶЩįӰʧȾͷԼͷѾͷôҶվڰ̯ߣڴҧӣһɫװӾ⴦ǲȹ鷳˳Ȧ䣬¶ɫĳ㡣ͷ紵ЩңһѺͨĽ
Ҷ֪һΨһһһˣҲģǣǹƽģԲ
ҶҧҧôͻȻùֵֹģոջֵĴôٿذˡ̧ͷ̽ȴˣȷȴ˵ǳˡ
ӭݣûз磬ƮƮɫӲ裬ķںвܸܵǷ׷ɡ
ǧɽγĶԱȣĵԽˣõüǹǷںϣɢһ˵ʣ
͵Ĵ߳һߣһͷа
żʮģ䲻ģ
еİȻ䣬Ĺ·м䡣
˪ͣס˽ŲޱҶѾ˵ĶҶ˧ԼС¹ײؾľȻҡҡСҲ͸˵ެѡ
˪糣δһ˿תͷǰߣеɫԾɺнذڶƮݵĳ䣬ʧȺС
·ߵɢˣЩ˿ŶҶһȻԳԵЦš
ҪҰҶ̧ͷ죬߾ִӲÿҲ֪жˣݵӣĸ˻ϲ
ϰ壬ո˭ҶںİԾֻ͡ҪˣһҲҪ׷ϵġʼ̽˧
ӵϰ۾һ߱Ȼţһ˵ǱɽׯĶׯ˪أ
ۣҶ̾У
л䣿ĵ
ǰϰ˰֣ļҹŮˣոݷ𿩣
Ҷ鲻Խ֣ݺҧ˪ǱɽׯĶׯôһȥ˱ˡҪͷβĸװһ㣬ʲôɱְȫȷŵһߣĴ£ò׿һûˣ˵ˣһأ
ҶһɫҺ쳤ȹбϵɫһգ橶ǰʱﾪĿɿڴ
ҶˣϵǰƮƮȻתһȦֱͷЩˣͣ
Ѿͷ㷢ʲô裿ȻʵϣֶŮͦ־ģֻƽʱһҪװ磬պ֣
Ҷ˦˦գùã˼Ͷˣһװ磬ȥɾ˵껹ץסı䣬ҡ˼¡
ǿļҵĹӣҪȥףֶŮ˼ͬˣȥҲһ
˵ģŮȥз׵ֶŮôãҲẮ׵˵زɣҶһ̧ʡ
ߵʯ£֧ȤϲüҵĶҶ
ӣСߣֻէһ֣ͻȥɵߣɫùãҲ㣬ҿһ
߾һֱ̾ӣ
ëȣֽŵǱɽׯĶׯùãһ˵ǰͷˣһҪң
ıסˣһ۽ƶ˲٣ׯ
ôˣˣҶͻЩףô˥ɣ
ǸϹӣ̧ŶҶ󺰴еģ
ôܣ㿴۾ʯһôˣôôϹأҶı⣬˵ϧÿϧô۾ȻǿģȻﲻƭģѹ֣ڴϣƽһ̶ˮ
ңŮˣﲹ뾡ⲻ֪ߵغֶŮģɲýˣ
Ůӣͬ־ҶЩò׿һأһֳӣ˵ԺӴд̾˿૵һûˣһҲûˣ
ҶĻǲģһѾͷׯһŮˣŮȴɩɩޣһ޾Ǽ꣬һ޾ŮӰ
Ҷһӣü¶ĵΣҶҪԣҪΪ۾ΪΨһǸŮˣҲܺһԣڣҶߣۣͬ
Ŀ࣬ǺãŶҶӣòõˮˡȿȣѾͷպͶµ¶Ǵ÷ззﰡ
ҶʹգգۣŵϷҵģɲҹ
ﲻɫ붭Ҷ룬ɫΪѵ˶˵㹴ģ˵壬Ҳ޷粻֮˵
ޣ˰ô˵ô˵Ҿǲҹʲôһ˳Ů˻ޣ׳ղŻῴҶ߳ŭҧݺݵţŽ
̾




018  뿪

ҶԶģĿʱȴת˸䡣
ҶҲԼĴӦϣס˵ͷľġ
˵ҹҲŰֻΪ˱
ҡҡͷǲ̧ͷ˫ӵЩ΢΢Ĳ
ҶˣеĶڵϣ
峺˫ᣬҶһһŶ˳£˶ҶϣһƬЩס
˭ˣŭȴ޿޿
滨꣬΢΢ţ
˵ôˣľĿǺǧаצˣ˵ɣ˭㣬ΪͷҶСͨ죡
Ļݺݺޣҡͷ˵һ仰
Ҷ͵üһǰһ߶һ仰㲻˵Ҳ֪Ƕ¾ǽᣬȥ
Żعһ׷öҶһߺ㣬ǰҪȥˣ

űײҶһ˦ȹڣ΢ͷĿɨżˡ
㣡ĳײڶҶϡ
䲻һײҶĲȣǰȣֲȵȹڣصڵأڵϣʹ죬ˮͻļۿ
ȻֻЦҶһĳЦ̫ˡ
㣬ԲأԲ𣡡ľʧķҶ޳˶
ҶòײվḧŷʹݺݱƻؽҪᣬŭʲôޣ֪ޣҶ㻹ޣ̫ǣƤʹͣ
δۿżˣҶֻǰһΣԼͱһǿķȳż⣬Ҳȡһϵʱ˵˵ϣϵʹѾҪˣϵˣǵϣζƿڣѪҺ񾭣ۿᣬ̧ͷգ̺ϴӥչᣬͻȻЦԭԼһֱǳ䵱һСĽɫŪˣȴ֪˵бԼ˲֪ٱأ
ûи͸ģ˵ʲôһ˰۵ˣһΣˣΪֻһƽûϣûȨɱ꣬ԲıԼ˵ķݶûУ̾˿ڵĳɬζһֱ䵽ŵ׵Ĺ¶ֻһˣֻһ˶ѣ¶һˣʲôԣҪܹǿһ죬۸Լˣڽŵף
ǿ˳־ɣ洫޼ĺ顣
С󶼲䣬ֻǹԸš
ЩһֲӿҶĶϵı飬һįģмģ߸һ˿ЦֻվϵЩӻ˺۵һ˱
ʧˣ糿¶ˮ㻹ڻ֦ҶЦֻҪƲ͸ʱͲˣҪټҪȵ꣬ǳ価һճʱܿ϶㻹ҳԭǵ¶ͨ𣿵ȴǶһ޶ģʧȥ˾Զʧȥ˰ɣ




001   һٳһ

ִֻʮա
ϪִָսҲ˺üһЩСҲ˴Сջöֻ˯ڴм䣬Ŵյ
ʰö󣬴ڴߣ㣬֪ôˣһǺԼˣԼô˶ӵĻǿȷʵǲ书ģȻƭԼõˣ˵ģɫ
ģʰ𣿡Се
˼ڻӦš
İ˵ɽׯɽƣݺ峺ףɽׯׯ֮أСੲݵ˵ţҲû˼Щʧģ
סڱĹͿǰʮǰɽׯľͰڽϵİɽ
ԣ˪·Ķǵһǰɽׯģһ·ϺƺƵݡ
˶ǲУֻλȨ߿Žɽǰɴϵҡȣһ·ɽߵɽòϾ⣡
ɽׯһƽɽϣɽ˵Ҳ֣ͬڱɽмɽ壬ɽںƽ̹ģżЩСɽ𣬵ԵøӵĴˡ
ɽׯйɽɽǱݴܴﶬʤգмдŵĲ㣬ʹȣ˵һˮһˣЩɲŮüĿ㣬ϴе㣬Ц軨ţȻ
ִỹһյʱϪͻ϶ѾɽˣֻбˣҵҵճϢ
ڵ죬һȵִʽеһ죬ϪͻȻһˣǧˣ۹ãòЬÿ϶һľһѹһӣüʮͷ¶ڴ⡣
ͣǰͷһʮС֣һĶͣ
ÿӶӳȥܳԵĶһʱɽׯմڱͣɳƣѼС
˲䱬һЦ
С˲࣬˭ٸЦҾͱϴ󣬰ؤ
⻰飬˲Цֹͣʮ˴Ӷ߳ͬķɢȥ
ģӸӳ챾ѡһƼңϴķԸ˵ǰͷǶԤ㣬̴ʮ壬ҼģԸɣСڵķԺ󣬻öɢȻ͵Сǰͷȥ
ϴ˻óԣһͷѾ޼̽Сﾪϲ˵
ǾͶԵ㣡ǱϴĿżȣ֨
һһֻѩ׵ĸӱӦͣ˿ջĴϡ
ߵһλŮ΢Цţֱۣǰ׸չ䵽۰׵ֱϡȡڸӽµֽݸһλŮӡ
ϴԪ˵ʮɣڽտţ㻹ҪҪط˵棬ŮںڵӲתתŮӡ
ĨĨ죬Ůһӣһ˵ûҹ·˻𣿼þգʮѾˣԺʽչˣ
ϴˣⱲӶûôأ̶£һ˵Ĵ񣬾ضأʮɣÿӭۣͣǺúأŮſ˫ۣš
ͳϴǻŮֵ
Сͷ΢΢ʼ磬ң´Сľˣ
Ժ˶ӵʱǧ򲻿˵¥ǵĲҵͱˣҶ
ŶԺٴͣҪϴͷԣü˳ĿС졣
ŮЦöģ˭ҪĴͷҲ˴ˣ
ϴ۸𣡡˵ͿСʹŵذ塣
ףֿˣǲ¥ݼſڳؤ
ѼֽʲôĨᣬؤ
㣬ССôףСԺ޲ȥؤղŭޱ˵Ѽӽˡ
ҶסЦ˿ȣҪˣԼ˳ʲôС鰲ź𣿡
ϴ󣡡Сɼβųģͷ¥ȻСȹѼġ
úãСɣOKҶЦ
ʱСɲվã˵Ѿˣ͵ϴһˣ
ҾûСɰϴ𣬴һ·ۣôҿһҲãḧǰһ˿΢΢
죬Ժ϶Ϲ޲ȥСߵ˵ֺݺĨĨ
СǼŮ˵´ûУҶͻһСߵһСӡ
ţϴЩˣС˿ڿˮ۰Ͱ͵ŶҶ
Ҷʾ
Ҷһ࣬Ҳٺ֡
ϴǸǽҶС㣬ҴС޵˶ңΪѪԽ׳谮ޱȣոգʮ꣬Ǽ޸£ͷǺ֪ΪΣ뿪˼ңδ̤ɽׯСü˵֪ϴḴӵĻ
ҶһСŭЩ£˶֪ҪҵģҵĶһ˳ɣûϹ˶֪һ̴֪ҪⱳܣΪ֪ڲϢ
ò̫ˣҶһɻ󣬱ЩȵɤӡҪһ̽ʱ򣬶ҶϽƲŵԸȥҪ鱨ĵϸһЩĸҲٴӰ󣬱ѹ˳ˣ˼Ժִרˡ





002  һٳ

˵նҶ̤Ŀڽϻεеķߺɥʧ˼
СؤȻײ֪İǮ˳ǣˣ
ƽȮۣҶŭץסһؤؤܲģǵָ˵
˭֪ȴһͷˮȻʲôؤ
ؤﶼ֪µһͽӹʦС˵ĳ͡ǾǾϲȻûֳɵԴô͹ˣ
ɷ֪˸һЩط죬ʲôɹƭ֮ͽͨͨԼ£ðͷķЩ˵ע⣬Ҳúܶɢɢа¡
ؤŵֻҪгкȣϢɢȥӦ𣬾ɽЩεˣָʾǰ֯ɡ
ôһˣǣϵǮµ鱦ɷ򸾵ĲƲһʱˮһȥأѰ˼ЩƫԶĳһЩ̰ѹԱ⣬̡ʵʩ˶ӵֶΣܼƻҵľһʱչĽ鱦ǵ˾ٷǳ֮ƣһִеֳɣãǺʮȡ¥ֳɨҹĵ
һ·ӱϣӦϽˮ಻ϣֵöҶ˯ö̤ʵԻΡ
߷רƶƸ׷ɱһײź󣬱ݶͬĸĸݺⰵ㣬Ҷȣ˺ҡ
Ӣ근ţרߣΪʦطɱ֮ɱǹٲ󣬱ٸͨŶҶʿ֮£Ͷ룬󣬸涭Ҷ粽룡
죬근ʮߣרѵŸ͵ߡһλߵĹŵӣͲסԽĺģ˽ɽ;бСǮƣڴϣһСؤؤһʱ𣬱ؤԵɺϣڵ˵ĶҶߡ
ؤ˶࣬鱨㽨һص鱨֯ռ˵Ϣ󵽿Сط죡˹ʦ
¥ֻǸӣ׬Ǯֱղ鱨ˡ
Ԫһǿͷ˼ݣϻ۹ˣݿסЩΪǵĻ죬Ҷ˸
ӢСڽд죬³ȹϣҶҲ˷רѡһЩ̣ר˴ǰɽׯЩҲã

ǰɽׯɽ·ҹЩƽߵСؤҲһ·ϲϲĿĵرȥǵͷ˽£˼ƣˣߵҹڵô˵ҲԸˡֻþ͵Ϣ
ϴԪˣӢڴϻ˯ĶҶ˵
ľ֧֧ڽڴ£ϵлչĺۼЩǰЩɽҲ¶޹
ţ˵ɣҶ˵͸϶ӳ׶ƣϡ
Ӣ¶Уüҡҡͷ˵ϴҪЪ᣿
ˣҶͦúĿӢ
ţԪ˵ʮǰ깫סĺȷʵ𣬹Ůˣȴ˾ˣ
ҶһĨЦݣ̧ͷűҶڵסҹգ૵ʱҪͷһƬ죬ǲװ
Ӣԣſ˿¸߹ҵգҹգһ˿ơ
ˣ˵ţѰд㣡ҶӢüͷСǲ⣬һЦϢȥˡ
һ·պʱ֣ҶڿԶߴĴʯšǰɫװִĻԺɻǡ
Сɣȥ˵Ҷ˿С˵
Ƭ̺һλԺź߸ߵ̨ȥ
һλԺӭĶҶս𾪵û˵βŵ㣬ǣؤһɫľװβԲ𻷣ɫСѥˮĹ÷зؤ˽ССŮͻȻǷͷ˼ϵķ粻׼Ҳš
ҶЦһش
˵ǰȥͨĻԺһ·񱼣ȺС̨ܵߣ̨λʿ浶ǹı۽ϥδأ𣺡ׯؤ
仰ѹѹȺ˲̨λҲֹͣ˽
ɽׯȻشƫԶϷȴָƣټϴ˴ִᣬ·ӢۼһãĽ£˾֪ڳˣĸһķɡ
룡Ǹ̨ϵӢϲɫһĨǿЦӿ信ʧŵ϶ǲ²͸˼





003  

Ҷ֣Ƶǰͷһ˫ĿĴû뵽ɽׯׯȻҵ˾ļѵأɽ͵ʣȪߵ̨׵ϲ㣬Ҷﲻ΢΢һۣǰﴦѹѹȺʵĸое˶עĿϵЧﶶһ£ҲͻָˣʱյؤﴴʷˣЩ
ҶЦƸҲˣ
ûȺѰƸڣҧ꣬޵ţ
ִ᲻۵λЩô𣿶Ҷת˱ŵĶ飬ոպ˵ڼȫŰˣ̫ûˡ
㵨ûУƽʱڵ¸оô˵Ҳǿ̿İɣóǵƣҲǲǵģ˵󣬵ȴǿ
ǣŰ׵˲ͨ죬Ȼеÿһ˶ܵʹĳ裬ټϴеӣΪǹϵı鿰֡
ӭ϶ȺĿɿڴˣҶĵõ˼㣬Щ˿϶ΪؤǸˣЩǧƪһɵ񣬶ٸзζ
һˣι״ʵݵİĸߵȫɶҲǰʶЩأ
Ҷ֣µİ˼£żͷͷ߿Ǿȵˣһһš
ؤһӣɫӭƮڸ߸ߵĿ̨ϣһ߷侲ȤŶҶ
ҶֵŶͷ̧ͷϿԭеλ˶ñȽϸ߰ǼžΥϾȵı鱻š
ˣոջΧˮйͨȺɲʱɢȥԺΪһŵ񻨴κһӡ
Ҷ̾˿Ը߸ϵ̰빧άԭλǴıׯׯŴյüҰߣʲô˲ģȻͷ˵гһհק
ⲢǺܳϿҵʺҲںźɫƻ׵΢΢ֱߣһӦ֪߶ǲܽɽׯģڰʢԶķϣǿһΣ
˼ǲôܻӭҶ΢е˫аȣˣʱյô˾ɱأҪƽʱԱˣżˣˣƣ
ɺ񰮣˵ЦǼֻմֶѣ˳ЩŻ¶˵꣬ϣŶȣùŮĲ裬ڵ˼ڡ
𣿡޼粻붭ҶӰͱͱ¡
²ĳӣԤ֮Уֻû뵽СˣȷʵǸĶ֡
ѾͷͦģС룬͵͵š
壬ʵ۲ɱȺ֪ôɽҰҪҸߵõ὿˵˫ǵһֱֱĶŶҶ
ҲԹҡԼӣһ˿л˫ˮ
ᣬٹܣ㻹ӳҲࣿ޼׳һĻ²豭Ծ˿̨
̨ѻָ˱ԡ
˵עֻص̨һ߼Ľ̨ۣߣ
̨Ͻвᶪ
˴ӥʤһװɫװӥŴڵһϢ˵ã
ѪȣҶƲƲ죬Ѫͬŵ̧ȥˣ컹治ף
ϴ󣡡Ӣ˵
Ҷ΢תͷӢʾ̨Ͽʱ̨϶һˣīɫִۣһɫĳֻͻȻתͷ߿ǸЦ⡣
ľСǰ
ûˣСòӣۿﺬᣬݺݵĵľ
Ҷס֣ѪծѪ
ӥ⺷ͣȴغϾͰľĽ¡
ֺľͶһϵվ̨ȥ
Ѿͷ˶Զо⣬书ǲÿҶǰס䰲ο˼䣬㰴˰ǽյȭͷصӢߣԼȴЦƵӭҧгݵľ
𣿡ջӢ΢΢һתͷһЦӢӣīɫ˸ԶҲ²͸˼
ȻӢ˶񣬺ܿ϶ĴҪ˵ϴ츳ˡ
Ҷн۾Ҳһߣﰵĸ̨ôߣ̨ҲûУⶼ°ˣôȥ
ӢϴϲȥСɼҶ̨ͣסŲɥ˵
ǺǡվӢߵ޼Цסֻ¶ֻЦ۾ˣǱҶˢˢǧһ顣
Ӣһѹϴüˣ˵꣬㲽㣬ϣ붭Ҷа֮ңʱеĹٿ̨һףնҶ̨ǹҲ·ĶҶ
̨´ЦЩг˱ӣ
һŮ
ԭ书ᣡ
һؤͷʲôΪ

Ļ˱ЩؤˣŹӵ΢΢ɼŭء
ľӵùؤ֧ӮˣüȻһЦ
ľ죬мʮ֧У书ᣬûУ
ҶṴǣֽӹӢӹһ֧ķϣһ΢ۣľ΢΢һЦӿˣ
ಣֱֱľϮȥ
ľĽȥ֮ʱֱֱɹȴͻȻѣΪľһͫ󣬲ʵƺһ˴ϵȥ
һ˻ļһ˴ӿֱֱ̨£ʱƵ˼£Ѫ
üһ˼ĶҶеѼϡ
ٷˣٷѣ޺ڽϡ
еȺʱը˹ܶ˿ʼ
˵㵶ۣʧ֣ؤȴͼı죬һõΪΪܣ
ѪծѪ֪˭ͷЩɴ඼ֻͲ´ңټؤķͷ̫죬ܶ˶ʡ
ѪծѪɽӣɽΧƵıɽׯ졣
ʱӢѴԾ̨ЩؤչѶҶΧм䣬ң׼ˡ
ǼˣҶɰױ죬ȻƺȻҪᣬҲɱ
һһ˵ҪɱҪξͳؤ£ǶϼڽĺϣҶٱҲûãȻݺ˾ͲôŹʱڽߵǶ£ֻƾ֣ȣ赶ɱˡ
뵽ˣҶҧ£˾Ȼһ²ѵģĿķˣôҲҪװѹһ°ɣ
޼˼Ҷǰ
үο֮ͻȻʵ
޼ĮһЦﲻݣҺ£
ȺһĿǿүֶŮүҲ̫˰ɣ
书֧ϼԵ£´ӿ̨׹Ⱥ֮УˮһЦҶ£
ǣдòãллԸ֧ĳ񡣽챾һʱ£ˣϹһĩϣÿģ





004  Ϸ

ӿ̨ϰȻ£ߵȺУ˫۾ڶƺµľϻ۶
Ȼү䣬¹Ϊϴˢ֮ԩĳΪ˴ִ֣˴£ҲԹۣ˶٣ǳЦŶҶֽŵĳи֮룬£үˣֻỹǷǺڰף
Ǹɱ˿񣬲ţϴҪ£СڶҶ˵
ҲϵֻѪҹеؤӸɱˣ
ׯҿɣǿƤˣҲС㵹ûҶӵ޼̨ʱ򣬾ȻܵӢߣĪ֪鷢ڳ֤ݣ죬һģûôɵأ
һûĳҲ̤ɽׯ벽ǲ֪ô
ԣɱЩνʿִ
ǵԿŭǵ˵꣬óһ׹÷ѡ
죬ҪʲôҶɫٿطףھ֮ɫ
ϴֻˣһĵͻͻͣ䣬ݺ裬ĵһؼ˲䳳һ飬ԽԽ˿˿˻̤
СŮʲôǸ־˫ۣŭǵ
Щ˿ʼ겻ŵĴ
Ӣʹ˸ɫӢסҶɽׯȥ
£콣üŭ
˪֪ӺδðнڣֱҶϮ
˪Ҫɱ޹ɫɫһеǱڿಫ
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ֵ߰˻ȺʱҼҳһš
ϴ߰ɣӢͻȻͣסŲĶҶ
ǲǳԴҩˣҶһһȥ
ŨصʪζΧϿգָߣɫΧˣֻӳ˻˻³˫ƿֲ۶Щѵ˾ˡ
Ǹ׷ǾˣһЦתҶȥ
ҪҪɱ־кݹһ𣬶ʵ
뱻ҧɱ챳֣ŶҶʧ΢΢Ĺ𴽽ǣѾͷ컯ˡ
˪ѾʧˣӵȺʧҲ˿ǳƽѵһ档
˪һϣŮˣ
£Ĵһɾĵط¡
˪Ц׵˿ͻȻתѩƮ䣬ס
㻹ǱˣûطǸɾģƬ̣Ⱥͻزˣ㻹ǸϽ׷ҵط㣬¿ǲǵ
Ҷ΢΢һ£Ͽʱ˪ѲӰˣ·ûһ㣬ȻһЦ̾ʱ滳ϹǺƱţ
ӢЩû׷ɣҶһƨϣؿ˳ǵùŸȥƨɻûȣͣɽˡ
ϴҾúûӣСһݣţ˻Уò
ſµȺ˲ʧЦ
Сɫɲʱΰ㣬ŰֱЦóˡ
ٺ١СɣĺҶҲ䵽
ҿЦˣϸͣЦ졣
ϴǸȥģôֻӢû˼Ц
ϴѪձȨһ֮£֮ϣؤӴ˽٣Сؤ鱨ĸˣСȴǿǹĿˡ
Ҷɵüͷ˭ҪѪжˣ
СŬŬ죬۾϶ǰ־ʮʵ۶أ
Ҷɫһ࣬Ρ
ǧ˵ͷڲݵϣư֮ɢ
ӹɢȴе˿˿ĵ
Ҷվ
ҲӵԾĴ̽ˡ
ˣ⣡´ӶҶͷϵ׹£룬ѩǾЦ
Ҷûأ㵹ˣҶǰסؿڵݺݵ꣬Ǹ꣬϶ûġ
ſɫ䰵üŶҶСѩ׵Īʹ
ţҶϵŶԷ
˵һΣſ߳ŭΧ۵ؤ΢΢һ
Ų棡Ҷʾ
ֻ˺ݺ˿̾ſٲſĻͱϧˡ
˵ΪʲôҪ赶ɱˣ
ȷſҾ˵
Сһɣ붭Ҷ룬Ȼһ۵ḧ
Ҷһ֣Щ׼£ֻҪ˱ؽҼġ
ŮˣЩѲң̾˿̧ͷһŭڵĶҶһЦ
˵ҶתͷŶ¡
û뵽ô
˵һΣҶתҧгݵ
ǹ㺮һתȥ
ٲͣ£ȥ̫ˡ
ˣҲˣ
𣬸Щ۸ңҶҵİѼҩҧȥ





005  ˽ȥ

Ŷߵһô£Ҷͷ׮ѰҶӰӣȻˣĲɵý
ҪٿˣεƳһ۲ľԱĶҶ
бΪǵһۣϣûʵ˵ΪʲôҪݺң
ΪҪݺ㣬㻹𣿡Ҳʾ
һа£Сֽġϵõʲôһ򲻺ùĨǣȥģķ˵񡣶°һۣͣ½ŲƬ̣ܰһ٣롭ϷʵҴҶǰһɨ
ɫߣҶĵװһ¡˵ɣʲô
ᴵҶһ˿˫һʹѹ˫ֱѹϣǿӿӲƽƤСʹ
ֻʹģ񾭰Ҷüͷҧ
ʹҵ·࣡Ȼ·⵽
㲻Ȼ·Ū̬࣬ʲôΪߣСҲǵͨ죬Щ۶ûó֪Ͳˡ
Ҫѹ·ôѣҲ£һץסҶ裬һǸ߸ķӯ
û鰡ؤ˵ֻڵָ䣬ȸôȻǸҲٰ翡ǰεȻʹ˵ⷬ
˵꣬ѾÿˣҶо޳΢΢һֻһɲǣ㳶ǵɫĶǶΪԼйЩߵȴǰ˻ʧɫˮҲٿָͣӨļϣĽüҲ
ҪʲôҶͻȻһʡ
˲ع񣬷ſ֣겻İ·Ȼݺݵذӵ뻳С
ǲвҶһͷˮ
Բ𣡡ĿС֣˫ϡ
ʲôҶ֣˲䳷һԶЦӯӯĿ
̶ȥŹأͱڣֻһƽϸߣ׷ǰһжҰУ²óȻ룡˵е
ﲻᶼʯͷɣŹţ˵ģ߲ö
ܹɽˮ㣬ϡ٣һǧ˻ϰҲǹģ
ؤˣô˵ȥŶûطվ
½üһȤ㻹˶ȥ
ҲҪϸһɣ˵꣬е۴һͻȻúĶ£һﵽʲôı
ţµ˵ͷ
ҵǮɣҶ̾˿ʵ
Ҳû룬ʵҪ٣
ˬ죬Ҳʵж٣ɣҲֻܰ¼ǧˣλݵڴϻΣǱµ¿ɡ
̰ðɣףµؤҰǣСôҲ벻ף׺ģһ㣬һ㣬ģؤһ׿ʲôˣΪʲôؿڵɫ᲻أѵۻˣ
϶ԴײˣҶﰵЦСӣŰɣ㣡ǶлټҶЦŶԶҡҡ֣תܳӡ
ӰʧУֱ̫Ѩȥ˭ǮأҲǻؼҵʱˡ
ϴԪǱѾˣҪȥŹصֵ⼸ǻϣӢ߱ͬߵĶҶ˵
ţõģҶŲŲϵĴӣ˿
ǰĴϳһȺˣÿһͷһѣֱֺڣҶʱ¶Ӧû׵ݡ
Ҷʮ·ͣ£¼ϵĶڵʱҳüͷæСȿϢ೾
ϴ˽еССѼȺ˵˶Ҷǰµӣ˲ˮܺЦš
ãˣˣҶͻȻĵ׷ᣬԻڽϳͷأ˭֪ȻҪɽѼ
ϴ󣬹ǰǸʱЩаɣСɴսҶڴĵʴ
ðɣ̾˿оûô͹
ɽ׽ˣ֪ʡЩã
ССɵڶҶ߻ƣ̧ͷյչңͻȻⱲӺó





006  ı

Źأ£һɸߵʯڣʯһһڣУɼľï壬̧ͷɼǰɽɽֱȥͷİСȪˮˡ
Ҷ¶Цݣ֣ǰͷɽȥ
ۣסһӶԣ
øϴǺģ
ǣס˰ӽؤУҶ߱˵ϵ
ϴΪطίˣͻȻ
Ǵͣ쳶һ𣬵һۡ
ʲôίҶת˸ͷСʧЦ
ϴͶµ£ǶˣСƲ죬Ƥһ˶Ҷһۡ
ҶһЦתǰߡ֪ǲ֣
ϴΣղŸȥģ
ϴҰ£û˼ôϣǶ˳ǵ⿩Ҷһ·ߵϳһ֦߱ˣ
ϴʲô˼ССܹȥҶǰߡ
С˵ǻʵ϶ѪѪһֱפҹ߾ôأҶЦЦС
ŶˣѪ°ʦسǺݰԼŮҲŹ˵꣬̾˿
ô֪ŮӢЦʵʿ֮࣬أҲδ
ϴ˵˵ǲǽ᣿Сɴʵ
ôԼǰСɵ½ۡ
ˣ˵ˣֵǶ죬ߣڶڣҶԸԼ˸뵽ߣƤ
ϴգϣʲôСҲ࣬в
ϣһϣ˵һɹȥˣҶͷС·һ䲻ĵȥ

ڰɽϣ˴ССľݣסģҲסġɽȪˮḻĵطһЩأǴӡ
һ˵Ĺٱ˼פ˹Ź⣬ʮֻ֣ʮ߳Ĵȴּϵƶǲֻɽ⡣
ϴ㿴ܴʱɽһ£ָԶʵĵطʵ
ǣֻӣΪѪʱǺİҶûڴϱĿ
ѽǸؤҵʲôͷ֮أǻӵǹŹڣһĳŴѧүε
ѽүǲǸոյ¥ˣҶЦŽŵ
ǰҶ˺üˣЦ
ϴϴ󣡡С۹һܵ£Ŵ
ʲôˣҶæʵ
ǸڵʯˣСʧ˵
ôڷڣĵط˷ˣͲˣڸضڲͨ
ǣϾȥ˵꣬Сһһɽȥˡ
ϴŸ;б٣Ӣӹݸ󣬶ԶҶ˵
ߣҳȥôǣҶô¡ϢҲҲǴԽġѡ˼ѧӢֻԪӢѧôȽԶѧ˷ѡҸɵйʮǰʵױʴΪ˿ҡ
˵ҵ˿񣬲ȫͼӱ󣬶汲ĴվտͼʢԶĹ
ȫ̳깩г񡢶Сޡġ秡籡޵ʮ࣬в˿޳Уʼʹá
ҵĲҲǱ鲼ȫ۸񰺹Ҫܵ壬ٹˣǮ˵ǣ
ƽϰգֻܹۿĸҳ룬һ·һӶ
¼ҵĺԺٻţȺɻкɻ¶ǣѳ񣬵Ҷڳˮϣ沨𶯡رһ̼ǸʣŽɫߣͤһλһİѴӵľࡣ
㵹ãȻȾƣһԾͤϣ¶棬СŬŬ죬ʾΪơ
Ƴһۡ
ͻȻصЦҪȥ¥ȥͷβ˲֪¥ģ
ȥ붼û룬Ȼľܾ
ƲƲ죬ϴҰѩǷȥɽׯˣ֪˺μƣ
¸һҺµ
ҿӵΪ°֪͵ǵǧѩѩ׷ɱң͵еľƣ
˵˵ȥ㻹ȥ¥ȥɣǮҸ´΢䣬ʧЦ
ˣҲ࣬ŨŨüëһбŶµǽ
ҵϣˣЦЦԶɻϼŵˮȡ
һλȹ긾ŮһλʤѩŮӵĲ£߰˸ŸɫˮŮ
˸¾Ʊˣ
ȵȣҸ߰ɣ¸Ͻס硣
Ҷ˶ѲӰ
ˣϷ˦˦䣬Ŷʧķ̾˿
綨ˣһ¼ˮ״
ԣڣתģϷ֬۵֣Ȱ˵





007   ¥

˵ⶭҶڹŹڵ򶴣ܴһͨ͵棬ȻúõһЩˡǣߵǣС¸һŸϴڵʯôĴʯڳƳγεĽ
һգҶ£СֳŽűƵĲݣСƣֻ˵СкüնԳ
Ӣˣ۵ϴ󣬳Сڳģ
ˣڲҲˣеĶ߶ͨͨ˺ˣ̤ǵʬѰȥҶմ֣ߵˡ
˵ҾҲ벻ı˰ȥӢ˱ӣоܺãӢ΢üš
ҶˣȻ̾ˣ˵ģⲻƵûҲؤԺҸһס⣬Ҿ˫޳ɣ
ϴ󣬾Ȼ˵ЦˣӢ֣װҪҶҶһЦΧżľ˶èè
ЦöʱʱСԼԼ
ϴͨͨˣɽ״˷ܵĽһֻѼҪǰһƴɳִŴ̶βҶͶ䡣
Ϣˡٹһ£Ҳǳȥʱˡ
ͨͨˣϴ𣿡СɳܵܵҶǰǸշڻϿһ
ҶüбСɣЩϧСɣҾⱲ
ΪʲôΪʲôϴÿͲ𣿡СһҪ˵ӣóֳ˳Ҷ䡣
ӢЦһ߿ˡ
˼Ҳ󺰴Уɤӱ㺰ˣͲˣҶҡҡͷʼ硣
ءϴȾҰɣҲˣҸôȢϱأСһƨڵϣ͵ֱĨᡣ
ϱأȥɣٶҽ㣡Ҷ˳Сɣʾȥ
Ǹͣ޹ҲŲȥأСʵ
㶪ԺȢϱɱڣҶԳЦˡ
Сһ㲻Ӱ
ϴ˵ǸͼɫħͽϲſеģССײ˵ϣƨɱ߸Ҷ˵
ɫħʲôҶۣУժѣظֱ㶵¡Ƶʱֺڣֲţֲɵģ֪й
ɫħǸӰȥٵ뱲ӶڰλˣͽҲûúܣС˵꣬鶭ҶͻȻϴǴ֪ͼģ
ߣҶ£ͼҲûʲôֵģȴӲǰŪɺܹӡ
Ǿ˵˷˿Ҷеʵ
Сһݣһ°ͣ˰֨Ӧûаɣ
ţȷʵûУҶһЦûҲеģ
߰ɣȥоôҶתɽµľȥ
أϴȻϲ㲻˵ճɻҲʶ𣿡ǡСɤӽεε
ҶܻͷסźС޷ֱĿС죬ˮĴ˺þáд޵
֣һ۶㣬ЦӯӯڶҶǰ
ɵ۵ĶҶŴĵ˵ͷֻԵЩҪС񣡣˵ˣС߲꣬´ҲǸӡ
һҪұɸŮ欵֣һ¶һףëôӣС΢΢һţãҶ¸ľȥ߱߶ھȥЧȥ¥ƹ񣡡
˵һ˲紺ʮ¥Ǻ𣬹˿ӦӲϾЩλñ¥ǰ˳Ķ顣
¥ҹͣӪҵֵԴӿ˾δͣЪָ˵Ļһ𣬵γһֶصζǡ
¥ڽȥ˾ƣЦ棬·˸ˣɶǣŮͨԡ
Щ¥Ļɤᣬ֣Ҳǧѵһε壬ӿ˽ϡ٣˹˵Ĺ⾰ϵƶϰѱɣ¥ԩңŨױĨİﵹŽﲻˣǿɵˡ
ǣȽæЩЩˣٶЩллһֱ֧֣ǵ֧дȥĶϣÿ춼ģ





008  ɽ

ϡҵֻ¥ƻԻͣ
һɫӰɿռŵĽֵǴϺһ٣Щ軨ۣĴ˿αˣˣ
һһɫӰһûӰ
羯󷽿˿ˣںڵĴһ˿⡣ּ羢ݵıһ¥ǰŶӵˣɫЩѿ÷ϴҲҪŶӰɣ
ͻȻһһŶһľƣһǸѩ겻ɢ˶һԾһĴ¥
һɫɫ۵ӣĿ˿¥ǰЦӯӯֵŮˣȿеĻ㣬üҲԶ˵꣬תʧҹɫУ
ƶѩҽվűߴ¥ֻôɫ˿ݼ׹£Ʈ׷˿橣ֵŮЦƽأĪĳ
ӣ
ĶƮỽ׹ƶˣȫæջۣˡ
ǰ˽ϵسȹ޳֬ζޣǺѪĨظ߸Ͼ
üһ̬Ȼ΢΢̣˵ķᴽ΢΢ſȫﶼ͸һֻȻɵģһ׷󣬵˵һһϬȴ
ȥôôģȴǲɵĮᶨ
ʲô˿ӭͶѿϵģ簵˿ڿˮָ̬ƽʱɵģ
û˵ĻǴİɣԪ΢䣬һۣһЦ
ЦһԪֺõƹкðɣ
߻ǹԼѡ񣡡Ԫһ˦䣬
գգۣ˿һָ߸ϵ̬Ůӣӿ죬ԭء
ͨ¥ǰĵذϣϴʹʱȻѣ˾Ȼһƨϣ߳ˡ
¥ǰŶӵȺ﷢ЦɫͻĺǱϵЩɥ뿪ˡ
һº
Źڣ񣬶ҶӢݸĬĬز
ࡱһ߽űϲ䡣
죬ˣٲңҾͰ㿾˳ԣҶмڰߵĴȥﵽѼģֱũ
ǺǣЦ
ЩİҶǵ˴룬վѰӡ
һ̾Ϣģġ
ҶȥֻһŮĿߣҲûµա
㣬ô㣿ҶЦӭ˹ȥԪ֣´顣
ôҵҿΪ㲰ȴ̯ϸûĵģ㿴ҵǰϸ࣡Ԫεεһһб˶Ҷһۡ
ԭҫţҶԪһۣЩĽɨһԪǷظСһţ㱻Ԫס졣
Ůˣʲôصģһʶǻᣬ¶ҾΣԪЦ˵
ҶץԪ֣̾˿ͿҰɣ㿴ҵģ˵ָָԼز
Ԫĵ֣ҶһааЦҿͺܺãеԣ
ҲģҶֿ죬צӺ͵ĳԪȥ
ŮˣԶ㣡ԪһԾϣһ˫޳ȰƮƮȹҡ
Ƕ۸û书ĪǼٵģаŮװɣҶпգҲֵֻԼε˲Ż˿
˵أԪһʡ
Ҳеģˣ˵ˣôģҶʵ
ֱ߽£
Щ˶Ϲ˲ɣҶԪɫƭġ
ԪָָҶͷһ㣬ȡЦǴӣԼǽ˴˶ͨˣԼ֪ˣ
СɣСɣҶɤӴ󺰣ƽʱڵʯܵƵӰˣǷˡ
ˣҽɽ´û±㣡ԪóԼãֵ㣬ĭ絽ˣ
УҶ˲졣
Ҫ򶴣Ҳ͵͵ԲŻôͨˣԪת΢΢Ц
ǰɣôִû⼼Ҷ
ҲǸ÷ʱԱߵԪֵĴ˸ǷŤϸٻҶԭأȡЦôŮһɵˣ
ҶһԪȣôһŮϴͲϴأ
ܺãůůϣҶԪɽʱӢѾʰöˡ
СɣСͽɸҿҶЦСɷԸ
СɣСͷϴͷİɣ
ϴЩ˹ǵĵʮģʮ˵
ˣҶ̾˿߽ڶĵص
ŮˣҺ棡Ԫסóҹ飬ָӢˣȻǣŶҶ֣ȥʱһ۶ҹ鲻ŵĶҶꡱһЦһίҵľģҪٶУ
õģҶ⼸ҹѺĶѨյ磬
͵ģԪҲûͻصûȶҶ׷ʣòݾܾ˵͵ģ
ҶƲƲ졣
Ԫ̾Ҳģôһң׳գҲֻסϴˣЦҹ飬ǰҲ鷿һţ
أһ뵽约ˣѹ˵꣬
ס죡ԪͻȻǳ
ŵòٿˣӢᣬѹ˷ˣ˵Ǹݶĸ粻𣿡
𰡣˰㲻ǹģҶο
˰ʱǰԼԼ͸Щ
ˣҶ˿ֵס۵⣬̫һӵϰߣе۵ƣֻҷԶһվڰɽϡ
Ԫ°ԱߵļʯͷƵڱߣȺ
һɽһɫѺ˶ʱȥɣԪǳͷЩµԪһۣɫ˳
ҶˣգգۣǺЦһ
ЦʲôԪһ۶Ҷ󣬴óӣҶԼðɣɨһ۶ĬˣŤͷеŴ⡣
ҶҧһӣԪ֨ôĸҹ棡
ԪеӣİһţŵҶŭŮӳԶҧģôӲҲֲãֻؤأ
Ʋ죬İӣһԪͶҶ૵ϴЦǾͰŸ治ƽ
ΪһҾԵñǻɵԪ˵꣬ЦŻ֦׹




009  

ҺɵֻʱɧЩڵɵĵزɣҶסԪ۵ҧŵ
ԪͻȻֹͣЦһ۷·Ȫˮʣ˵ɵϲ
Ҷ췭˸ۣһ˿ĪĸоһץסץԪְ
Ҷһ£ɨˣֻǲûʲô˻˵ӣóԵĳԸñĿҲֻԪʶĸо
ҶеĸоǾ˵̵ˮ¡һɲǣȫ˳ȥҪҪͬȻϲԪϲǵһۣϲǵ춹ĵӣǣǱȽϲˣϲ˧硣
ôˣҶһһףԪǲⴹµ˿Կʵ
ҶŲһƨɣԪ롣һĨЦȻҡҡͷ
ŵͷԪεİһ۶Ҷ⿴˿ӵס۾ЦгʮֵĹꡣû뵽󣬶Ҷÿһʱ򣬾ǺӺèҶһ㣬Ҷȥ
һ·Ͼ¥ķֵ꣬Ҷݣ¥ƹǰ
ת۹˴£ڵִҹľˡ
˵𰡣ҵļƤˮˣģܲ취ҶָƤڴĿ
崿˻ᣬȻ㻹ǽЩɣ
Ҷ̾˿ÿŨŨ̫ˣ͵͵˧綼С
˵ҶƤңǵ˫ˣ˫۾򲻹վԪߵҲеһƴΪܹһɱ˲ĹۣҶÿ϶ҪԾϣгһܳɾͳһ˫ʵ
ϴ㲻𣿡ں̨ڴϴ˯ĶҶʵƻʱŵ¥Թţݹʱ͹ˣһ죬ˡ
Ҷ˲ǵĿˮԺҲҪһҪ۵ģ
ԣֱԭˣҶߣ˵
Ҷ˴̨ߣʹ̾ȫûһģزǼٵģҲǼٵģҲǼٵģֻ˫۾ˣˣһã
꣡һЦҲ̨ߡ
ҶĶԾ⣬֧ͷŶҶżգգ۾û뵽ϴôöգһۣһҲǰ
̨̨Եѽ硣ᱻƿ¹ս䣬һ˪
ԪߵҶߣųЦ޳ḧ϶Ҷ𽥽ˣֻһૣŮˣԼͺã

¡һ˴˯˶
ͻһ£һ۳ҶźʹӶ紵ĿУ껩ţȣӽסͷȻˣ֨֨š
Ҷñӹӣ͵͵ȥԺľɿҪһܺڣѹõ͵͵ģ
֨ѽſˣһ˷϶ֽɡڷǰ
ҶŵŲŲҹģ꽻ӣɣ
껹󣡡ԪɡϷţš½ǣ߳˿ĶҶɨһۡ
ҹ㲻˯㣬Ԫֺõ㣬ۡ
ԪҲӦߵ߰ѴغáȻ¹óһɫɴȹȥ
㣬ҹĸҷ任·Ҷſ£֧ͷͷԵĶģΣ͹£ȶˣ
Ԫ֪Ҷڿһ΢΢һתһͷȵ˿סеĴ⡣
СҶƲƲ죬תš
ˣҹأ˯ͿˣԪ·ߵߣбڴϡ
Ҷ´ܵߵȡˣ껹Ǵ󣡡˵꣬۾͵͵һԪȻһˮѲȹ⡣
ϴ󣡡Ӣе
Ҷ˿Ͻк
ԪֻһεƬ̣Ů³
ӢһʪģûɡûȶҶ㼱е˵²ˣҽҪϲˣ
У˼ȢСҲûʲôˣҶһ֣װںӣȴѶµʮ˴˸顣
ԪѶҶһζŭ۵ף΢΢𴽽ԳЦЦȻ󵭵ʵȢ˭ҵŮ˵߻ߵҶ£ˮע
ѪŮͽһĸͬᣬ˵һģһӢӹԪݸĲ裬мĵ˵ͷ
ᣬ޵ȡҶ˵
Ļ˾ǽˣҪϴˢؤĲ֮ԩϼˣԪüǵһ۶Ҷ
ǸѪŮҶʵ
ţȷʵֻ˵ǸСŮಡ룬֪ĿԪ⣬ͣˣȥӰɫƲȶǿҡ
ΣҶ̧ͷЦӢɺã
ӢҶһɣȻ⣬ǳ˵ͷ
ţ·ȥأ˷ǸʶһҲãЦòãûΪղŵ¶ģ粻ٸжԲߡҶţʱСҲǷӵ쾡£
ԪȥعͷԶҶЦȥΪ׼һֺףǺôҲҪĵģ
ţãҶӦһĬԪգգۡ
·ҶЩģ¥ǰɨһǰŶӵȺȻ̨ߵĹϣĵԱߵӡ
οŶӵģ
ҶϤæ̧ͷˣȻ磡ݺһμǰˣЩȻ
ƹ𣿡ŹϵĶҶü΢䣬˫ȶ˵αϣȣһ˫ӨСɵȹڻƼ˵ķ֣ǳЦȻ˵ζʮ㣬ֻǷȱûԪˣ
ڣҶ֧ͷ簵ﲨ
ЩʧЦ£Ҿˣ
̾˿ͷƵȥϴˣ
һﶨǿԪˣҶϲס磬Цλȥɷȱƣ
⡭Գɣͻ۾һŮԪĹϵһ㣬ˣʱ¥ȥ硣
ҶȴѰ˼һˣʱɽһߣǸᡣ룬Ҳ򵥡
˸̥һļϡ
СŮգԪǼҽ㣬λմҶεεʵŤǰͷ·
С̾ϴװ񣬵ǿܡ
Ҳң磡ϲ⣬ˣû뵽ãǵȫѹ
һ⣬ŨüȣԵʱȴ֪ԼҲˡ





010  е

ҶѾ⽥֮ǰװַ鶼౻Ժ󣬺Ҳ˲٣û֮еĲԾ
֣նҲҪȢôܳˣҶĨĨǵľƼʵ
˰֣΢ͷ⻹չأʱûͻľԻЩֲ֣֪ģ
СգԪŭߵҶߣס֡ΪЩϴ֣ȴҲ
㣬ôˣҶ˲٣˵е㺬
翴ԪҲɫɴ£ʱϲüңֱԪš
ףǴͬһɫ·Ҷ˫סǣ˵˵
ӣٲʧĻӴԺ̤¥벽Ԫһŭ⽥
紹ȻеľƱŨŨüһ˵ĻҶ߱ǣҪˣ˵ľȥˡ
㣬Լ߻ȥ͵ˣҶԪվԪԼ֡
ٺȾƣɵӶ֪ĵϸԪſ֡
ҶĲȣˤڵء֪֪ɣװҲۣ
ȻۣǾ뿪ɣԼʲôؤʲôԹɢ˰ɣԪ΢죬˫ŶҶҡҡλε壬ü
Ҷ̧ͷ˳£죬૵ҹ¶ܹ¶ҿͷ¶ҵģҵ꣡
ԪҶӵ뻳Уḧ˳ĳһǿɬİ֪֪ģǶõģһ㣬ȥ価ĺĺεӰֻ
Ͳס¶˶ĵط֣ÿȺеʱҲŷԭһǹ¶ˮʪԪϵɴ£ȵ͸ļһֱ
ֻһ̾ϢһӣΪβ࣡
˺ѽƽҲ˯ķʽֻü΢΢£ƲƲ죬һ
ԪȻŨױĨȻ͸Ŵָ࿪ŵüͷֵչ󣬲ǺЦ죬ӵĹŵӣ
ϥߣһһڣȻҲȣԹ˰еľƱƬ̺ŵҾǲףΪʲô
ѲǵԪͻȻ
ʵҲܹ¶Ҳ͵͵ʦɽ·ľݣ輸˻ҳҾ֪ɽˣƲƲ죬̾˿
ľͷмֻСߣԭĹ𵱳£Ԫ΢΢һ˿Цݡ
бһԪʼʦ˵ɽסһˣֹƧĮǧҪҲҪȥ㣡
㻹ˣⴵһ磬Ż㣬Ԫǲ
ĺưÿʦ۵С۵ģԾ͵͵ȥ׽Ū׽Ū㣬˭֪Ȼ޶ԣϹ֣ſϣҲСšһš
ʲô֪ˣԪ̾˿
ˮתתЦֻ֪ÿϵ÷ʱһŮ㣡
Ԫתͷ˸ӣһЦһƵĳӴк룬ڴں˯˶ϣǳĽë£һ˫ֻ̾˿ϥڴϣϳԻ
˯ôãһ棬һ´¡ͷɢţŽ߳˷䡣
һ̧ͷ˿Ͽգૹ¥ҹͣЪԴǶǴ£ˣ۲ۣ
ˣԪƮƮߵǰЦ绨
Ҷͷĵʵȥ˶ˣ
ԪЦŪҵͷȻϡţǸȷʵýһģһ
һҶȻӣת߱˵ȥԵ㶫Ȼٸģ
˼ֻعͷԪӵЦ˴ȥ˵ؤɱ֣ϣҪɱˣ
ţԪ΢üĿŶҶ
ɱֻ֣ܶ˲ţã˲ɣеˣҶһЦˮʱ˿ȡ
ǡԪԥǵܵ޹ʵ˺
㣬ͷĺ˻նأҶͻһʹḧؿڣѰ˼˭ã
һ˲įԪһϢҲʲôʱż֪మ
㣬ҳͰɣҶʲôͻȻ̧Ԫʵ
ãûóڲΰӿľϲˣѾþûкúһԹˡ
ԺԪžƣϵĹ𻨸⣬ҸЦ⡣
ˣ˰ɣҶ̣ðŵ㡣һԪǰԼڴڳ
ðɼ۵ĵƣɢһЩУȥܺóԡԪ۶ҶһЦӻûüԣöҶʧʵ㲻𣿡
̧ͷҶЩʪˮһͷɿڣûԹôóԵ
˼ֻ棡ҶͷƻҪµᣬǵϣΪһ뼦棬ȥϰ࣬˵Լ棬費ע⣬šû뵽ˣ棬ҲԲˡ
ܺóԣҴûгԵôõĶԪ׵ס۵׵һƬϲֻҪģʲôóԡ
ҶˣЦû˵ôãǵõͻǺܸ˵ġ
ۣ㣬ϴڳʲô֪ſߣֻѼ׵룬Щʧ
ˣҶ˲ǣЦ
ϴҶӺöǳȥԶòãסҶ½ǣڴ˵
Ҷ۾ʱЦ⣬ˣúúȥС
ҪСģԪŴæȥӰǱǵĿָȾüͷҲչֻҪÿ֣Ϳ




011  ʶ

ҶŴæҲ̫ڹֵԵʣϼûǮҲЩ
ɢŷżƤ泯죬һɫȹӣٲżһ˫СӨ׵㡣ȻôЩģҪһŮ˵ҲЩοĳ˻װأ
һǺ«һСģһǺ«ѼҶĽ±ˣ𶨾һü˲Ȼ󺰵ϴûЬ
Ҷ΢΢ջؽţѹҪô˵꣬Χ۵ȺЦ˼ټ֣ûЬѣֲû·ﲻƺߡ
ӴˣĳִŽȣŵɫۣЦľվ˶ҶǰһƦࡣ
Ҷ治ɫڡĻ޼Щ緶һУǿˣֺɫְܼҡ
ҶǸϷӣתߡ

ͬʱһ޼ģȻһӦСģЩŭ
ﻹûӣСһ˵
Ҷ۾޹ģȻ޷ġҶת޼ӵס˴ֻ¶һ˫Źʵ˫˲öòС
ҶһգǸүϴ̨ʱҲ⸱ǿߣ
޼ЩҪüģƫͲ϶ǹҿĻòˣòС
Ҷɨһ޼СΪŴæδɷСŮһˡ
С´˶Ҷһᣬϵ·ʵϲ㣬ּѾ棬˵ͷ
ѽС֣޼ǰͷһ֡
С֣Ҷһ㶣̧ͷƼСŹ
ЩС޼ӣתźӣֱҶϳ
ôôҶӣϻװмĶ޼һЦ
ӣ¸ǮֽཱུŽѡ
ԶһЩ޼ʹɫͷĴ¡
ҶβϴһˣֻˮĴ۳޼
޼üЦɷЩˮƣ
˲֪й˶ҸŮˣҲ쵽Ⱥмȥ⵹ʧΪһûᡣҶۣһЦǴӦ
޼һҿȥƣҫ۵ľ¥ǰҶ̧һƣ㣬һƣʱɵۣó֡
Ʈ¥ô޼Ҳ̧ͷӵס⡣
󣡡Ҷҡҡͷ
޼һЦ˲ɫͱȻ˵ֳ
˭дģôô󣿡Сӭͣ
Сһˢúһ͵͵޼һ߽ŵû˵⾩˭˲֪Ʈ¥үд˻ǲҪȻүǰ˵ֳ󣿺ðɣ֪ҲҪװϹ˼ȨƣСǲ
ҶССȶ΢΢бһ޼ĵױ׸˾šҹүͣ治˵ѹסĵ׵Ц⣬˵ͷ˵էһ£ȷʵģϸһƣȴδˣд֮˿ɳƿеĿ鰡һƲһշû䣬á
ѽ˵ˣ˺ףӶأ𳶵öҶһĲͷ
ٲ°Ҷһ߸̾һб޼˼Ҳգ֪װģĴд
ɣ޼ǰͷǸģаѰ˼ţͷ˰ȡ£ˣ
һɫż䣬ֱúСλСĹû㡣
СõĲˣ޼Ȼ¥Լһǳ͡
ǣүС΢΢Ϲ
޼һü̧Ҷ뿴ηӦ
үҶװһӣסС죬ܳĶ޼
ҲѧŶҶ۾
޼һЦڰֵЦˣѵõǫ顣
عﲻǴ˵˰ɣ޼豭ڱһᣬı۾
ţСŮӳէүգҶͷ޼׽͸
Ǹʹ﷼һڲ裬޼𴽣ЦȻ
˼üëЦЦӣҶа˵ԼҲҪŮ𣿿ǺѺǣ
ҼС¥ƹԪãգոյִﾩԽϤһ»СﶭҶ˼š
޼΢ۣнͻһƬ̣Цԭƹãƹǹˣ̶ʱգ¥紺ؿҹɳ˰
ҽȷʵѵõľ֮ţҶЦü䡣
үܵżſڣżĽе
޼ͷпڴëëʧͳ
ǡתת΢ͷԥ
޼վԶҶ΢ֵԵƬ̣
ż⣬¸޼ߣԣ˵Ҷɱ֣ҪɱˣүһԣҪΪ
޼סһƿһί£Ƴһ£µģ
үֽһ
޼ͷתôˣ
տףûүһȥ
ߣƨ£޼֣תżȥ
̫Ըģһ
ĸǱȥ𣿡޼üͷѵˣ
̫ѾִﾩˣΪմϲ˳ȥ˶¸̫ǵүˣԽүڹȥһˣ²˲˶ͷĺүȥʧְˡ
ղô˵͵СҶӣ޼Ȼȴûֵ˼
СϲˣɫȫöҶˮֱֲ˼Լȳԡ
ҪҪˣ£޼üͷ˵óϿҡ
ûϵүֻȥæҶֵӦȥɣóԵòʹ졣
޼ˬ죬ˣƽЩŮ˼Ҫʱٲһѷ֣ûһĳĺ񰡣һˡ
һ֮룡޼̧¶ɫ
붭Ҷ̧ͷһôߵ顣
ģ޼Ҷ棬üһ顣
̫£˼ͷˣһּ˵ҪһһŮӻСүͽүһ
ŶҶü΢䣬΢ۡɵˣ
ģûƭүҶţɥǳ
үҪҼСΪ㻳Ϻһӣǵ
޼΢бֱֵҡͷǲǣһѾˣһˣֻҪȥĸǺһˣ
ðɣҶΪѵôʹʶһǺ깫أ޼Ǹֺ֮ˣĪǱƳߣ
ҪûУǮĻף޼һϲô׾ϹˣͷЩŮ˲ǽ
Ի¥ûǮҶͬ⣬ҲͲٶ˵ϴĵǻ
޼һίҪʲôֱ˵ɣ
뵽˵ҶЦ⣬޼ʱеɻ΢΢ĲƸˣƸ˳ҩΪ飬ϲƶϵζ볣˲ͬ޼ĳǸۼǳô˱κҪöࡣ





012  촰˵

޼һҳׯе·Ʒ⿴Ʈݣһ˿Ŀϡ
ҶװһƮƮİɫȹͷҲһ֦黨ͷɢţʩ죬֮ɫڱ˫ˮĴּһʣ纣ִ޼ԽԽϲ
߳ׯ޼Ըȥнη򣬶Ҷʹ˸ɫһٵСóһذף޼
޼һЦ岻û˵ʲôҶҪ
Ҷ־޼ǰ·Ƶǽϣһֻŷ޼ߵǽϣüŭ޼װˣ˵ʲôʱ򿴴ҵģ
ֶŵ޼΢΢ǻЦš
һõ޼ϣһְ޼ˮŭϴþˣ
ĻöҶЦã´в˵ҾͶϹ۾㻹װ޹
޼ĿŶҶ۾ͻȻüͷһЦ
ΪҲҶ֣Ҷŭ˵ͷ
һ죬ȡһֻȫϺڵ棬޼ǰǳ汻סͷƨʹ䶯
Ҷӣô۸ң޼ü
˵˵Ҷͺ
ֿ죬޼΢ſڣಡİǴݰ׵
޼˹ҶһѣܵǽǣƴŻ¡κתһŶӣһָŶҶˡ
޼ɫ࣬ҧгݵģҶе㱻ŵˡ
ֻЫӶ߰ѣֻҪϾ͸ҩ΢°ͼв޼
̫ˣû뵽ôĺݣȷʵΪֻвѣǶĵĳӷŵǰʱΪֻǿЦҿԣܷȴҪЭ
ߣΪɵϣҶ̹Ŀ޼ÿ˶նˣ
ðɣ޼ת֣öҶı顣˻ᣬ˵̤뾩ʱҾע⵽ˣʱҲ֪㣬ȻӻĶˣǡ
ʲôҶ׷ʵ
ʳָڲźܵ룬ųһţرһ֪޼Цˣ漴۾˿
ҶͷָȣԼûע⵽
Ϊʲô˵ƭҸȥĸ󣿡Ҷид˻ᣬʵ
ͻ޼תЦðٻʧɫʵĸȷʵǵʥּ
߰ɣҶסתȥ
޼΢һع󺰵ⶾѾͷҽҩǳӣ̲סŻ¡
ٷѻøʱȻƶһ޼ľܾ
ӣżĴɼȵüˡ
޼ҩ޹߽Ҷô֪ҿˣ
Ҷ˦޼֣һۣͻȻ΢ЦСڳׯ޼Ц̫⣬Ȼֻżֵ⣬ɻע⵽ˣӣޱ˹Ĩǣ촰˵
ӣ޼Ͻӣ쵽Ҷǰ޳֣¾͸һ
ҶջĿ⣬̧޼Цĺʵһӣ
Ȼ㶼ҵĺͬһӺ𣿡޼һЦҶĲ˼ӡ
ҶҲߴȥ
ηӣڽڶҶ˿ҡΣƽƽȵľ˶Ҵ⡣
ΪҲ֪ʲô⣬֮½ʱƲĶҶͻȻ˵
һֱŶҶ޼䲻һ㶣һѾͷ׽
ϴ󣡡ɨǰ
Ҷɫһ̧ץ޼ֱۣһĵЦһ޼ЩȻ
޼۾΢΢ϵĶҶһЦȻḩҶߵӣҺ񶾷ˣؿ۰
һüͷ治٣Ҷ˻ᣬùһҩ裬ݸ޼
ˣں湾档
ǰ˺ţ޼ͶҶŨҲֲ֣ӦүŵҲ˵ϰ˾ͺá
һһţ˺üأҶӦӲϾҲ·Զ
ҶĿбӵ޼
źߣ֪ǲмǺ⣬ҶҲÿԹԹ˵Ҳ˵塣
ˣ޼ͻȻͣ£ó˿ΪҶ
Ҷǹһϡɼһݰ˵ͤӣͤΧִм䣬һλŻĹ˴ƵЦţͻȻ̧߿ȰȴҲʢ˵ı˷â
£޼΢Цţס˶Ҷ֡
Ҷһů䴽ȻûƵĳ棬ЩȻ⣬Ҳûк¡




013 ¶

Ҷ̧ͷ΢΢䴽޼š
ͤŵĶͷϷλӺݻŮˣ˵ǵ̫ˡҶ޼£ЦЩĿˣĿ̵òĵźTMD̫̼ˡ
ŬбܵˣΪ̫ʲôûֻ¸ֲͬѥӣߵ
ĸ󣡡
޼ڶҶſʼżôأϥǿúܣϹڣ¹ĸΧÿ£û˶ûУˣ͹ɣúǰ
Ҷסȹڣ£˫ǰ룬Գʥߵ˸ܿŵļ﹧̫ǧǧǧǧ꣡
ֻ紵ҶܾÿһҶﰵЦƨǹˡ
޼Ƭ̣æŵĶҶնСĶ̥۽ǵЦ⼸ջڶҶŭ±ƻ˶
ǧ˰ɣնպ󲻱˴񣡡̫󵭵˵͸żϬ
СŮҶɵӦ꣬ȴɵСãû˿۾˻һ۶϶Ǹ̰ͼ󣬰ķеŮˡ
޼գգۣ΢΢һ䣬̫˵ĸնУ׾վ
ţ̫ɸֵɨһ޼ƹͷ
ú󣬶ҶſԹĴͤеˣеģЩ˶Ŀ⵭ɨһۺ󣬾Ͳٿ㡣ĶʼɣҶѰ˼̫ʢˣúܺãô۾ȴй¶һСǸе裬ỹഺ٣Ǹˮ̫ߣ̫ĹԶ˥˲١
ҶװĵĿһ۶£ȴҲӴɲǣҶĵ׵ľšöҶÿµǣ¾ȻһЦеⲻǱƳ˰ɣݼô
ĵܷβ갡
ܲҶԴһƣ΢΢һ̫λһλװŻˣߴ䣬絶üëб촽󣬴˿еۣ΢΢䴽˵ġǴ˵е˰ɣ
֣ˣ޼ƤЦⲻЦľһƣºһ
һЦĵĺ޵ԨҶ΢΢һۣıһءؤӶ׵ˣ򲻲˵²Ź֡û뵽¾Ȼ⸱ԣеүżҲһͻ䡣
ʲô޼ʰһѣŵҶߣʵ
ҶæջĿ⣬ҡҡͷ
һţ޼
īа鸴ӵĲţҶһۣĻŵתͷ΢콿ҲҪ
ԣһţ޼ĵ׺ЦӰҶָ⸧϶ҶĴ꣬Цúſ
Ŀ֮ĶƵĿ⡣ᣬĽðĿ⿴۶£ί졣
Ҷ踺أǿѣǲܣ޼ĵȥԵĿɲ١
ԽԽ֪ˣ̫ݺɨһ۶Ҷŭ
ǰζƵˣӲֳϣˣҶһȴװίĵͷ
ĸ˵ģ޼ĵʰѺķ붭Ҷ
ǹģҶ϶
壬ĸ¥ĻͻȻʳһ䣬ðĹ
Ҷ⣬滨ʲôҽ¥ƹ񣬵ԼǽԺãο
޼ϵһۣѶҶӵ뻳УϸȰο
¥̻֮أĻˣɲҪѪģ˵һ
Ҷȡӵƽһأүô˵ԣ
޼Ҷߵ̫ǰ΢Цĸ󣬺ҪȢնΪЦ棬üļȴǲݺӡ
̫һϵĲ輸ˤ˸顣üĽ촽ţ޼Ƭ̣ɫкתȢն¶ȸŰɣ
ĸնҪ޼ĿһתĮ
Ҷ볶޼˼У޼ʱʱˣ˿̵ţ۵ѪĹâŨɱ̫ĸף̫˰ɣһ̣ͻȻһֻƤ򣬵޼ȴһֻƤǣǶʯͷһ˵áӴԺƤԿһֻĬĸ
ˣ͵˰ɣ̫Ŷͷ΢ۣƣ˵
޼סеĮͻЦĸ󲻻ش𣬺͵ĸӦˣ
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014   

˶ңҶ˶ڽСһԵ޼ੲݡ
㻹Ǵԭΰɣ˹׼͸ˣ޼ӿϲŭ˵ֵߵߵġ
ԻˣװװȥģҶ֧ͷСȷʵϷԼݣǸײˣһ崿һģһһָڡ
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ˣҶԺһӰȥЩ³çӣǸɣ
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ӲܻؼңץŶҶּ
ҪȥԭɣҶҧ
ԪǱ߾ͽˣȻظˣ޼󲻵ȶҶ飬¼ݽȥ
Ŀһ뿪Ľӣƶ书ȴǽη򶼴򲻹תܽ¥Ԫ⡣
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Ҷ̽ͷһۣ޼ҲƼԻ͵ĴϼۣƲƲ죬ġ
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޼˽ΣĵķŶҶײ
˭֣˵ϲҶҡҡͷǼ֣ҲֱӰ
޼Цһ
ĪǵꣿҶҧŲţҪ޼ԡʵؤ鱨¶ˣ޼ʢϻϵӣҲȣϻ˥޼һһء޼׹밮һʰ빬ӶĥƵƵ˽ᣬվԺĿڶ࣬·ϻմŭһӣ޼ڳһ㸮Уֱϻϼݱ޷ǻ޼ŵɳ롣̫Ӹү⼫ǵ޼˳۵ڴϵֻ֮˵ҧϻǱ޼ģ޼ٿĪ棬֮˵ҲֻһԸΪƽϢµԹӦ޳ܵĽ飬Ӵ˼ͳ˷ļ֤һ޼ؿڵĴ̡˵ǻƣ
´ץһʣ㶼֪һ޼Ȼ˵꣬תȻ̤븮С
˵ı飬ҶͻȻԼЩɣʹ̫ɳˣο˼ʱʱ̶̿ţõ°ӦļϸϸƷζϲҲãʹҲãԼ֪ͺã˼Ұ˽±õǧ򻧲෹̸ʣ˭Ҳܲ˵İɣñԼ¥ĳţĵˡ
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ԣҶ硣
ܳ𣿶ʮѣ
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ļģСպøϵ޼ɨһۣǰȺԾó
һҶŮ˵˼ٻء
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Ҷϵıס޼Щįˣɫ֮ɫ̫ԣԵùǳ϶ûͷͷӣõġ
үնҶ죬˳Ŀ˵ɨЩ޲ðж˿Ůǡ
޼ᣬ뿪Ƿǡ֮ءתȣȺݺݺѲӰ
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У޼죬צյøˡ
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޼̾˿ߵҶߡκ΢΢ЦҶӣÿвҵʱҶ⣬ΪһƶûУ
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015  

չ޼ʧաѾͷææ£û
⣬æʲôҶѾͷһæͣ輸ƿױ̨һȾ治׻Ҫʲô
һѾͷм飬Ƚ򣬺֨һͷеĨ
飬Ϊʲô죿ҶȻһЦѾͷ̫ɰˡ
һ˵죡Ȥ
飬ΪīȥЩҶ˵꣬óһֽϡ
ҪϲأһīһС˵
Ҷ̧ͷһС˷ѡŶʲôϲ£
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ԣҶüͷ޼ҪŪ½֪ĪؤȨؤռΪУһװʵʲôʱдѽ
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壿Ĺܼ𣿡ҶëŪϡ
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ŶҶ֨һרĵĻ
תУˬˬӴ룬ֽһǣҶæסֽ±ʸˣ΢䣬ĶԼƷ
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016   

һֱû˯ĶҶŵ¹࣬ڻҡҷͥԺУһ˪ѩ
˳һۣ߳ԺӣȴҹԼļԺ⡣
ԺţŨͷԽԺӣһù󣬸ﾲģżз紵һƮȻ£ͷϣ䵽ϣЩ΢
һ߽УǲǱȥͻŵһζһֽӭڶҶϣæ£¹ⶨһͼԭõһڤֽո˵ġ΢΢ݺ˼ˮοԼҪ¡
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˿˿ӦһŮӡҶͷͷ˿˿ͷ
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017  һ

ļǲˣԪ۹ͣǰĽŲ
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ӣҾҶ˵öԣ޼ƵƵͷԪһŭ𣬱æ˵ҳ۳Ұٻʮ꣬ݷʻʲôûʮŮУҶģȺ׼û
޼յǺܶİۡ
Ԫ޼ԽԽ˳ۣȭͷɼ̵öࡣ
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ŮˣߣԪ޼Ҷ۹󷢣æǰץסҶ֡
⧲ֱץ֣ҶԹŭκ˿ץģݺݵ˦У˦
Ԫ㷴˲ɣҶûаɴʹƢݶԪĸ첲ݺݵҧ¡ҧԽݣԪץֵԽԼѽǸŮǷµķծҲ̫Ѵݻˣ˹ִòУõ̽࣬üëҲᶯһµġ
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ҶǸһ˿Цб˷ܡҹѽҹ㶪һ뿪񻹲°ܽҶԽԽġ
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ӹ޼ݹľƣҶһ޼ɣһС򲻹ģҶһֻ׽èϵúܡ
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𴲣Ԫһۣᶨ˵Ԫϴˣ
ԪԣֻǴḧŶҶ㷢ԹԵʮһʮɰŮӣΪСԵϲɢų˿ϵһ滨ķֻУЦʱ֣Цʱ籭һˣһ˫Ŀɽ峺ȪˮĽë٣ʹ˫۾Եض顣
ҶԼͷŵԪǰʾԼͷֻѡ
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ŮˣģԪͷת뿪ˡ
¶Ҷüڴϡ治ף˸ѣһˣ鷳ģ
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018  ְѨ

Ŷ룬ҶһûɣеˮСߵߣ΢С죬źڰ׷ĿشŶҶ
ûãҲ̤УҶ˸˼Ҳ֧ɫˡ
һӺ󣬶Ҷ̾һ
üͷҲŶһϴ㣬ŶܺðϴһƬ飬ֵиοлԼأ
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΢ҧ˳ǣ˸βŵҸⲻСģ
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ҶһͷˮתѾͷúõĳ϶£
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Ҷϲŭ˼죬صһ죬Ȼ߸Ūǰһ㷢ƾ켷۾ǲڡ
˵СҶĵװЦѾͷΪԪ˵͵ġ
һӾ
ֱ֣ЩɬɤӡϴԶ⣬Ϊôᱡ֮ȴûŮӶڿüأ˷ȴգ粻ʵ벻ʲôɣ
ҶͣеĶͷֱð亹˵ᱡ£ͬǳ˻п˵ŴŮӰڿñأɱ޹ûϵʵ˵ȥֻ֪з£ʧҲ֪ˣǻˣ˵ĻҲ޵뵽ˣһֱǣѵԼȴ֪
У£һ죬ÿģԼϲľ˪ô˻㲻
Ǳ˷ѿˣҲѵģҶӢŷ˽ݣٸжӼ÷츲أȳ극ٰݰɣ
ҡҡͷû뵽Ԫһվ䵽³
ԹΪҶݡ
ŶҶͷЩįһҹΪģ
ͷϴ׼ʳ𻨸Բأ
ǣ粻ò˫ȫҲһΪĳӼĳѽѬѬĻ˷ѱ˵һأò͵͵Ҷ顣
Ҷû뵽ԪȻز¶ǣ
ƵƵȰգ˭޸ǧĸѽ
ţãǴһɫɫļҵĹλ˫ϵ¾޽еĳ˧磡Ҷɫ
ϴ󣡡ŶţһɸֵشУҶƽϣ˱СȺš
¶ҶӢ
Ӣ𣿡ҶЩ
ӢŴ̧עӶҶΣԵϴһɣ˵󣬽£æȥȥģ˵һĵһȰϴʵ֪֮ǲǿģ֪ΪȴĪĴӦ˺ͬһսߣ
ϵĲˮҶڵϸиǧԺתӢ˵ĻЩΣҲЩΣϾռ˱˵壬˱ȴ컯ŪˡԼʮԪҲˡ
б⣬Ҷæ̧ͷ
ЦĿ
Ҷ°͵֣ؿ
ʲôô񣿡üԵ˲գջڰյ֣һ߰еӣһ´䡣
ôóݣҶáüͷ֪Լݼ̫
ջĴĿ⣬ݸһЦ˶ҶƬ̣ЦҶû뵽Ȼ¥̻ó粻ǶҶһۣΪľֻһĽٵŮӰˡ
ҶĲɣĻʹôϲ£ĵɨһ⵽ǰĶ£ĽǶȿȥֻµĲڶĽë߶ͦıÿ촽ɫɲݣ
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ҶЩǱתһ룬Լÿεһ飬׼ǳԿȵ˿ٺԩھ֮󼪡γѰһܳһ߹㾡д̿Ͱ
Դˣһ㶣תǸЦ⣬Ů˵뷨ǹŹ֣
ҶԼĺͷʨû֣²µж˵ɽ֮ơȻˣҲֻƴ˲ǡ
ǰŻû̧ѱ뻳СĻˣһʱǻˣУҲǴ̿ͣڶҶૣһһǴΡ
ҶԼ۾Ҫɵ÷ɳȥˣһҪҸطϵҪȻ治֪Լε³ԽԽԼˣܰѱŪڹҲ󱻳ԵʣԼҲһ
ҶҪɻ۾ӾһֻŭĹţһ˵
ţҶԺЩţһ첼ȥӣ۾̫ƷˣĿգգɬ۾
ſԪŭضԶ붭ҶһЩ룬ǣްĳ´սһѣôҶᱻ°ߣҲ˵򲻹ˣı˵ʱǿʤεġ
ϣһ߾Ԫһߺݺɨһ۶£˼ԣʱ䣬ȴǴΣʶ˥ˣ
Ҷ˺磬˶ʱʧȥ֪
ҹʱɷϵķͤ˱ɼºĿһֹͣ򶷵Ԫֵ¸ղŵĻҲãҲãģھˣﻬһ˿⣬ȴת˲šѶҶһƮƮɳǽ⡣
µĻԪ˼ˣɫ˲䰵¡վԭأԺֻзͤʮǰָķˮһ˳
ץ׼ʱ֮󼪡򲻹ܣǱزѣԼˡһ߽ڶһԵõǾòѩǼһ˦żתתԽԽԼ





019  ͤ

ɷλҹ࣬Ǹһߵһɽɽ
ɷʱǰһϼڷ嶥Ϊ·ڴɽȡɷ塣
ɽܸߣɽж޹Ȼ٣Ѱ˲ڣҲɽЩɽǷзͤ⻰
ҹҶѡѻµ̺µϹڶо
껨ԲѾͷȿھƾͲˣЩ˻ƵڶҶ
ҶתͷĴʯ΢Цݹһơ
ӹƣһ¶ǣĸоƿһۻһЦ磬
֮±ȫӿͷĴԭһͤУͤ¹¶ζʷԾǡꡯдüÿͤӱľµù֣еʪζ
ʯϵĲ˿ȥѷ˺һᣬֻҲû̸㣬̳ơ
ʲôƣҶа̳Լʢһ
Ҷ壡ȤĿŶҶָЦݡһЦһߴͣһ
ʱȴֽŵĻס
ҶЦǵװôණ𣿡
ֻųԵģ·ŵĶ࣬кüʮһЩúõĶ˵شһһŻУŽζ
߲ţҶɴۣ漴Ȼǽ±˼ҵıӲɾӶţȻȻĴŷ̡
üͷѾͷʱ㲻µƫ̫˵ú档
ʲôˣĺαƻΪԼĿĲֶΣҶһʱƲȣۡ
һ㶣ҡҡͷѾͷ϶õˣ˵һû˵ڶ
öҶһ죬Ǻܿ϶ŵı顣޼Ԫ
绹ҡͷ
ǲɽҰǹɣҶҧǿúܣĸί
룬ҡҡͷ־òףֵ˵ͷҶɫϣ㲹Ҫģң
ȥˣҶ˲ôˣ˺һֻȿȻߣܶš
ȥһʱӦò˰ɣӦһ䣬Ҳ˺һֻȣ߳Ա֨˵ģ˯
Ҷż⣬Ө׵ĶҲҡ
˯ˣﴽЦƳһЩĶҶ
˵ģװ˯͵Щʲô˭֪Ȼ˯ˡǶˣҶ飬̧ͷĿļĿ½ֻʣ¹ͷ
糤̾һмֻ
֣ʧˣҶ룬ԪֵİɣΪһ˭֪ȴж
羽ȵ°ֵͣѾͷ˵ʲô֣
Ʒɴ䣬Ϊв嵶żΪһ֮˽Щ鱦οвɬܴܻοмįԾɿһ飡ΪΪſ֡
ӢУڽô꣬ļǶˣԽԵزֲ뱻ǣ鳡˳ɹ¿ꡣҶķͷץס۾Ķ
ôҾͱ˵Ŀأ糶ǣȷʵиǧҲʼˣΪʲôôİһζԣ
ʵ鳡ҲǸ۲۵ʧߣҲҰңҶ˵滰̫ƽȻƽĴڼŮϱߣŮ͸ӵңɼĳױͬѧЦ˵꣬ĶҶһֱˣ˼ͷڹֻ꣬͵͵ĿŰӵıӰ͵͵ڱᡣ󣬸ÿѧڻһѧʱ˧࣬ҲҰҡ仰ǰİдգΪᣬҲİ֮·ǰԱǱȽߵģȻȷʵЩգʳ
Գһͬ˵ı飡ΪҶһ̳ƣпյ̸
Ӱ´£˶ʱʱЦ粻СڣҶҲǴҹ㣬̸֮ʱⴷżĴⲻ˵ġ
²¹ڲԶվţ¹ǱƵ޹ľϣճַŭּʡɫ½Ǳ紵𣬷ĥ߶겻ġ
ҶԽԽ󡣡㲻֪ҵ֪ѰԶһԹӣĵʱұһϣüͷһ¡ϱ˯ָгãģԸеû˵ƨҧһڣĻɫЦ
Цúϲ죬һڿھ࣬бŶҶԽԽÿɰŮԴװĶȤ
Ҷ飬ɫԽԽѿ˭ǵðǧβɣվŮôôҪΪʲôŮ˶˵ķŵһ̣Щ
ҶڽУ֣˵ȥĥ˵СӴֲ̣ø𣡡˵꣬ŪһʵҲȷʵڻҹҹߵС
һĵͷ
ҶĻɫõùھ٣ö޿̣кŴ̹ǵĺＫȻ
ҶһĿĮѪһæ㵽ɱڣÿ£
ҲæסҶ˿ڿˮ£㶨ǸɣѾͷ˵һֻòĳɵĹ֮ǣɿɣĴ׶԰
ɫЩͣҶԴŶصͷֻֽ°£۾С췴ǹǿɰĹ
˰㣬վŲ˼ãɫҲºˣɱҲɢˡ
Ҷؿڣ˿ΣɫҲָԭĺΣ˼ģڵġ
ӲǺܺÿ治֪ƤΪΣ˱Ť¹һЦͳһ˲ʯʣȻ¡
ԣҶֱȡˣȻȴԼҲߡ
ȾƺȾƣԳЦšҪʲôƵģǿöҶߡ
Ҷ磬ôô඼͵͵ѾҩЩΪ֪ܣ˭֪˼Ҿõ˵ز̳ѵúܡ
°еıӣһЦˮ
üΪε̯̯֡
ҶһŶµĽźݺݵĲȣϲ䡣
ȵҶȵ˺˼Ҳ˵Զͤӵӱߣͷ顣
òˣҾ͸ˣҶ£ڱһС𣬴ûأ
۾䣬ԾſޱȵĻ𻨡
ҶµĳʮŻ׺󣬶²̧ͷüϴŵˡҶЬôôࣿҿǱɽģĽŶδմأģ˵ֶѥӣԣ˭֪ԽԽࡣ
Ҷ۷˺üءûװѥӰ
ȥߣãŲȥˡ
֪˰ɣֲɣҲģҶվһȥ
оˣҶͷ͸ʵıʮصɴڱһµӢϣֻǵЦţЩ̱ζеޱ
̬̬
뿴»شú޳ܡ
и֮и֮˻湴ģ
ţ֪Ҷоˣµͷ
ԭҲڣҶᣬСˣ
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ӶķҴֲ£һֱͣܶԲǣԺ󲻸ʲôŵˣΪƻûб仯죬ܶͷˣĺܴԺдٸ٣лǵ֧֣





020  ȣһ

Ҷ²ﴩ
˵һͤӣҶʵ
ǵģзͤɫÿ
һֱȥµҶ˻˻ɳɳ粻Ƕ˵߻ԪŲأ˭֪ʲôϷ
˰ʱһǿӭ洵Ҷ˸
ǰ£µ˵飡
Ҷ˺üԣҪѳ鲻ɣ
ˣҶԸ⣿üһĸղŵįЦ
׳ղ£Ҷƹͷ
֣˸
Ҷҡͷ˵һֱûƣŭҲﲻλôԭҲֻܰƸߣֻıʲã
ˣ㣡Ƴһ۶ҶתӰӵӳ
ϣһƮݡ
ʲô벻ķҪ²ܽҶϣһôºȴˡ
һҪЩ䡣
ǣĲƲ˭ֵܷܲңȻ˼һ˽֤Լϲ˪һЩʵ־Щֵ¡
ӦʱԼ׹ˣڶߴøӵİԵವģɢŵĺŵĻ㣬ǾƵģ§סӭķ硣
䣬ڵִ档
ȣᴭ˵ᣬϵıȴϾúܡ
Ҷ룬ܡȵױ濪ö࣬ȻҲ࣬ȴʺϣĴеŵĻ㣬ˣ³ǰա
ղ˵ҷֵƲ㣿Ϊȥյķ˿Цʵ
˵˵΢ۣЩȣ̫ˣ뾡취һظˣܶʱץʱ۲ƣв᾽ˣԭǲԸԼϲһֱˣЩ֤Լġ
Ҷҿ԰еĸ㣬¶˻ᣬҶӲŵı飬зۣƻЦҲҪˣҪȻҪȥ
ľôһɲǵͣ˰ģʲôж𣿶𣿶ҶЩܻϣֻǾƷˣѾҩҲʧЧʱϲ˪Ǹȥ˵ˣȥнˡ
ʲô𣿻˹ֵ㣬̧̣ͷŭصű߳һͷˣĽëһ˫ӣǰİѲֻ⣬ҶһֳһЩѵ˵°Լһ޿ɾҩ֣
һֱΪҶ񣡡
˵Ҷߵ÷衣£ˣҶҶҲ޸ģΥԣķ˶ģҲֻһʱŭڶ£ȴ͸ġ
µдʧؾ˺ЩңһŲʯӣȴһ£ҶղҧĵģһֱԺѹ͸
ŭɱȴδ˵ľϼûһ˿ѪɫŲҵЦݣ沿ӲĮҶˣЩɬ߹ȥʩԮ֡
䵭ľܾ˫ǣһԵһʯͷϡ¹ϣû˸ղŵƮݣӰӸһһߣȵĺ
£û°ɣؿǱסһҶҪѵԼǶ˧ûп壬ͬķģôأҡҡͷʹʹҲǺõģ
绹ǴŰյζ߲ơ
߰ɣµǰͷղƵƵͷǿǣסҶ֡
һ·ǰһʯСһֱǰ죬Сÿ߳߱һõֵҶдУ㡣ÿ¶һֻɫģҶڵǰϻһŮҶüˮξµ޿ޣ绨Ĵ΢΢ҧţִ֮ŮɬЩ죬Ҷü
ͣڲԶȶҶű𴦡ԽԽί˵޲͵ˣбҪô
Ҷһ·ǵϻĶͬһŮӣơ£Ůʲôˣ

ҶûõӦЦ£Ƿҵģ
⻰Чͣ˽ŲǷʲôɫ㱣Ĳס
˵أҶҧгݣټŤ˵ɭɭĲòӶ¡
˵ҪҪתüЦղŵʧȥ
ϻҶꡣ
ףĳʡԴЦ⡣
Ҷҡͷ
ǾˣչǷҵģԸ˦䣬Ų
˵ؤһأ
ֹɣǰ˻شƵ塣
ͻȻһ£ҼҾŪĶˣ
ӱ»ۼ䣬ҶһôϣߣͷĿİ׳񱻷紵£ǳ˿Ʈ֮ò
ȥˣҶͷñɫġ
ϵɫΪİɣ۾һĶŶҶĲе˼΢΢ӣ
Ҷ㵣ֱ֪ˣ˺ʲôƵġ
͸Ҷ룬Ц˶ҶһЩҶˣбơ
ĳ˿ԽԽϸˣֵòС⣿֪ܵҶϿ˿
ûȶҶش
ֵǹģ
ǹģҲǱزѵģԴСɫͼѻɾˡ֮ʱһۼľǾģ˵ѾͷϡȻȥǸĹ˵ǴСֳ󣬵üż¶ԹȴİͬҶʱƵϣ˽֪ڱãɽɽ³ԶΪܵ˷˵ŰԲŻżԹޡ
ǵڱĽ˵Ȱ˾һޣ˯ˣڶ찢ȥΪ޼ʱ·ĿյͷظϵɫͦÿġºҲû룬ֵնĿظʱžˡ
ǰǰܲСɽ˹ҵ飬е¶ǾȷֵģҶȫǱǣߡ
ҶҪɱ˭ϣͲˣ찵ãͱˡ
桢ߡ㣡Ҷ΢΢̧°ͣһһ˵꣬Ц
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˴죬





021 ȣ

˵ҶͶ£൱֪࣬ҶΪΪֻǮ֣˷۵ĶңҲֻΪʵֶһԸɫħָߵ͡ڶҶдԱ˳š
ĬȻãҶεȣ
Ҷ֪ҲǱزѣСϸ˵󣬼¡
زѣҶü̡ҾͲ㲻֪ˣ˳˵ɣ
ɱŮˣѼӲӲǲϵԼǹġ
ǻ㿴𰡣´ӣСŮڴ˸м֮кݺݼ
㲻Ը⣬Ϊ˳ĵ⣬ҹܳԶ
ҿʲô֪ȴʲô֪ҶŭСֿոȾƣҹѣҶԣĵ˵жԲܳȥ˭֪ʲôΣ
ǣЦʲôһüͷˡ
Ҷָ֣Ŷ£ˮпɼ㵡
¼ˣһǡ
ͷ󡣬ǣҶסһĵòеı飬ӽţƲŻŻ
ɫ࣬ˣ˲£ȵĿˮĴҼ
Ҷת۶ͷһ֦Ҷ΢΢¿ȥСǶô׿ɾѽȫһ˽
ڶ΢΢Űۣɽ֮ʱҶҶɿݺݵûеģëë浹Уؿڣϸ˺ǣ
ӦܿĶºվ£ҶĻ˲˲úüԣ·һһ
Ҷ֧ϣһ֧ƽţһ֧˫һ֦Ҷбۿ£ֵڣͻȻ뵽ʲôƵģüĿһǺЦ£Ӵɨأ޷֮أ͵ȵýаɣ
ʲô
һԵ߳˵ôҶкһʱɵۣø˰˵ҲӢ࣬Σ˵ȻͦΣɣɫۣҶ͸ѽ͸
ٿ£κκ·һίëë棡˵꣬ɫŻŵӣоǳӣǶġ
꣡Ҷֱ̿һƻض
ҪȢŮˣɫԶҶԣݺݵ˦˦䣬ŭȥ˼ֻͷԶµŸϴһ£
ҶգգۣʾⶭҶԼݡһûããҹɫС
һҶߺŸ裬߿ɥ£׸һ㣡Ӣڣ书ĺڣû뵽ؤȻϣ涪ѽԴתѽתԶȥûģ˳˻ȥƤֲڣ׼ĥһƤ°ɣвУ׼ˤȣӴԵ
˺þãҶԼⷽУһ֦Ųβ˾´ץʱȻһЩҶȵСۣûݾͺãƨܽӴһҲû󰭡
紵һ㣬Ҷݺô㣬кöԣ·̵ʯ·ȥҲû´ӹȵ棬ȥһأȥˣߵĵȻǧƪһɣ룬ûȤŮҲΡ
˲ãԼʮӣǰ߰˼䲢ŵСݣ˵õԼܰդԺһŴԽǿζŨ
ߣж
ҶѰ˼ҪҪȥдƺͦԼġ

һ͵ĺѶҶ̫ƽصƽߣգգۿȥһɫȹЦĿԼŶҶȻⲻǻϵŮҲˣ̴棬Ƿ˸ˣһ̳Ů죬κ
Цݿ׵߹һۣ޿ľգĳˣҶһʱԺƮ֣ԪԪѹָտʼ;Ϥأ
ĸٺ٣Ҷ죬гΡ
ȻЦţɫĴһ¶ҶЦ˵øĺӣѹԣ˵꣬ŶҶԺڡ
Ԫһð߳Ҷһʱԭأ־ϲδڣͼ´ܳҶߡ
仯ܿ죬һʱת۲Ԫںòˣߡ
ҶЦúǿ¿ѰȥԪδüԼǿһߵ֪ԪжµĹϵ㲻Լȣųȣ
ĸ磬ԪЦŶԶҶͷ
ҶЦЦ˵ͷеĹϵӰ
ߵҶһͬòеЦݡҶ˸ۣ̫ˣȶ֨һڿǺã
Ҷ㣬ǴֲˣղܣЮһ붭ҶЦЦ
ҶľȻĵͷµǹϵ˲Ƕµ˵Ҳǣĸײڶ𣿿
ԪݵģҲЩ˴ȰؿԪЮЮǵģһ˸߸ߵĲˣֻԪһĻ㱣۵żԹˡ
Ե㣡˶ԶҶºһЦȻһ۰ų塣
ƺˣֵܰ۵ɰۣʹѹҶʱԴľĺòװһĻǱýģѽǵĵһҪԼҲĶ֣ˡǾȥ˪Ӳֻֻ
Ų裬Ժ¡һ¹죬Բִ
ҲǱȰǴһЦ˵ԲͻȻʫ˴һһʫΣӦֲڵ°ֿͣ΢Ц
ҶСȥɭɭæƹ
ð˻Ӧ
ֵܵ˵ͷĿϣһ綸
ûʲôīˮҲԣЦ϶ҶʱЦøӵĲˡ
ǾΪ⣬šƬ̣һ۶Ҷ˵ʹӶ￪ʼɣ
ҶŵۣʫûأˢˢĿرģʱֹͣ˰㣬ҶһţѧУĶĹʫôҲ벻¡ĿһͷһƬհףСòУֻǵҵġ
ܾãҶʾ֭ôҲ벻ŶǵĻԺ𾡣զأȫ´ԽŮˣϺǣ
벻Ͳ˰ЦΪҶȥԴԴðϸ
ҶϺһƬ˼ҳ׹ĸɣ
ţðƽ΢ЦܸҶӡ
˳ĬҶ͵ͬˡ
ŶǵĻɫ̫̫ᡭҶͻȻסҪ̫ϣˣżͷ޲ڸȥ
ܺЦ
Ҷ˿ˣǲͬƺЦôܣòûأǸǶ£쵰СԺܵĳĳ£ʹȵأϻհľȻδȥ
ͻȻ˪˪Ҷһؼʱ̣ôˣǰ¹⣬ǵ˪ͷ£ͷ˼磡ͷһΣһϣһкȥڰѧϸУѧôҲһöżȻʫҲ˵ˣ˵ɣǣ
ŶҶСıӰֺ׷Īӣ׵嶼𴽡





022 

ƷΨжߣŮ޲űǵ£ҶΪ˾ѿ¶ڶҶߣĿ貣ЦЦ
ǡҶһתͷѲղŵһ˵ѿ
Ȼˣǻȥɣҵʹﻹڵأ˵꣬һֲۣţԼ
Ҷװ£ȴɫСԺǱһۣ壬ĸζ֪ΪΣһèҼȻˣûٻȥˣʱ絹һ
üǺãҪȥк
к룬ǼҵҲУֵ˭Ƿ˭˭˭ҲûȤҶҧһ֣ȻҪָգͽӭѩݣ
ֻһ̾ҶҲվ˲ֵȥ
Ա˴ҲůˣҲ֪㻹ʲôεģ¼Ҷڵϣæװŵİϥ
Ҷһֻۣ΢еŭĻ𻨡
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ȴҶȥˣ±ҶؿһԪԶʾ⣬ȻǵͷҲص̤黨С·
˼Ҳβ
Ԫ˿һʧããеˣĿᣬعͷһ۵ԼʧɢĶӡ
ʱԪѪɫһۿնĮҡ
ͻȻ̾ԪѾͷˣȥδ棿ҶͶ˵Ļһȥ
ңԪ˶ˣݺݵػһѪɫӵĺۼȥִʲôһͲʧ·ôʮʮǻһصͷ鵽ġȫߣɵҶ䣬ڵϷ죬ģġ
˵䣡ó˿סѪģ֣סƺѾľԪ
ͻȻĿ¶׹⣬ԺڣƬ̺һѽŭ˳һֻʧȥǵͻæҹɫС
쵽Ե̧̣ͷֻԼӰһβʮദ֪ʲôæҡҡһԪԪѣҪȥɱҶ
˹Ⱥ󣬶ҶǰͷвԵѯԪĹϵ
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ƺǵõµʱش
µǲָΪӡ֮ʱȴһ飬һӣŨüһ֪ǶӾԪ
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Ҷҡͷֻ֪С̽һͷˮֲҼĴ˵ųСɵ
һ㶣ε㵱Ȼ֪ˣҲҹģѹõĵһļң
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Ҳ֪ʲôѹʵ۸ϳ˹Ӵ˲̤һǣЩȻ
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ԩѩˣ߱Ц
˵ô˵ôҶе㼱ˡ
һݺݴ붭Ҷԭվĵض֡ԹһߣҶڶ»ɢоգ
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ҶСһţôľϣȴЫҪӣɱ
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վ˵ۣҲһ缸ʮͱ˰ɣҶŬ첻м
Ƕһ𣿡䴽Ц˰ַ̣Ц
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Ϊ˶ʮĻѣÿЦӭˣ֪һʱǺεȵ𣿶нգһ㲻ҹ͵Ľأһ֮İ֮ĭأǹ¶ĸܾ˵ĳЦʹһ䣿лжȲļҰɣ˵úƽ˵ű˵Ĺһ㡣
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ǣԭҲ֪ҲһԸҶ˵ĶԹᶯݣڶµĻȴʮ⣬Ȼ֪Ҷ⣬Ǿͱ˷ഺˡ
վŻںޣղŵɱҲûˣ±ѽȥݸʱ򣬿ɲ㣡һ仰ȫСģϣġ
Ҷ磬һ죬ЩдǴʲôģɫ̫ãҶú࣬ȴûмһءҪǽݰɣҴ磬ҵʱǱ˴
ԶҶ飬е㶯ˣ°ͣ˼Ƭ̣ʲôƵģͻɫΪѵУҲýɰܲ
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ҶعʱѾԺַ̰ͣڶӼϣȦ죬̾һתˡ
ԶУԪĸ
ѽȥˣаʱ޷磬Ĵġ
ֻԪ˫ۣϱ鸴ӣú۵ϡžȴ踺ذĳţŶҶԶȻһЦŲȴҪ£ԼģǿҲԼģ
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˲ʱſ͸ģҲû˵ô񣡡ߺߵ
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Ѿͷûûΰ¶Ϊ鲻ˣ㻹ҪᣡֵŶҶߵº档
˿°ˣжʱڶһľ
Ĭһ·ҶԹ̾ѽؤʧذһԱ󽫾ôûˣ
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㣡ףҶĿܲˬصһۡ
ԾɰŸʬ翴ȥȥ䣺˻һصı飬סҶֻ԰οˣ
и֮Ҳ˵гأ˻ãҶһ˦ͷ첽Խˣɽ¸ϡ
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˼Ҷ˵ˣɽɽѰ
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023  Ƹһ

ɷɲһĸߣһ·ϳҰȪˮͣͣɽꤸϻ¥һžƼ޼ŶգҶ󣺡أҲھ͵Ұ
ٹʮҵˣ޼ƤЦҡӣɫĽ¸ԵóԺյݡҶӣɲټ˼˵̵ģͻȻ˵ë˲ͷ˿ڲ衣
㣬ǻϻʺҾȥѰҵȥˣഺţûɣ
޼ͻһʲô޸ҾΪ˼ϣ
ôʲôϻʺαȥˮ˵ˮ㣬޵ľԴףοΪԼŮ˶ﴩҶЬ˶һѾӲСѾ޼޸ĿգնҶɸҼǺ˵ջУٹ£Ӿ͹ˣƤҲǼٵģҸƵװװͳˣ
ҶʲôƵģһһյعյſڣ㣡ûݣµצ־Ͳˣ
Ҷӣٸ˿ɲǳصģ޼īڵ͸ࡣҶٿرɫ˲任Цüë
ϴϴ󣡡Ŷ룬޼ɫʲôʱˣ
ݣҶк
ϴϴ󣡡СҲݣˣתͷȾܡ
Ҷһǡ
Сſվ˻ᣬת˼Ȧеκκݡ
ʲô£ССһֱû£ԲԳġ
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վǰ޼ʧӰûˣͷʾⶭҶ
ϴڹŹ˳ˣСɤöˣеɳƣȴ˳öࡣ
ϴ𶯣ΪҶƤҶЩϽ
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Ӱʤѩ峾ףݰף۶һЦؿ
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ϴ󣡡ӢҶڶҶã
ҲǣˣʲôСվһȥҶ˵
ߣ첻ؿŶһ




024  Ƹ

öҶͣȻҲˣҶ˻ᣬҲʹһӣͨˡ
ľǰһʱĺãҶô˼ԱվԶΪ׵һȺùҿֱӷɵ֮Ļˮ
𣿡ۿʱͿ쵽ҶоǶˣҪʩеڶֿ˵ʱ䵽ˡ
һȻԴһȷе˵
վһһҵСӺһݹСһ۹ģ·࣬΢΢ζװؤ
ΪһؤͷȻΪͬˣֻؼʱ̣һôȰ棬ܳһµ˷֣ڵϦǣٿһһȻ۹棬ǺĺȴȻ򶨵úģ
ɽɽ¥¥ҶòƲ˵˫ֱֱСӣﰵӰŰ
СΪѵͷĬ˰Σ󣬵ֲëȻ֨֨Ҳʶ֣Բʫ
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ϢϢͳȥҶצ꣬Щ㵣ĵĸһЦⲻ𣿴ҲˣԵڶ˱ǿҳΣ
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еƦƦһЦԸӵķŵֱҶҶߣЦ˵˿
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˶ԶҶͬ飬ͬʱһɱӵķâ֮ȥ˲֪ΪΣҧǧ˪
ôѳŮ̧̫֪ˣĶȻݺݵĵһ۶Ҷ޼ڳòЩ
ҲնУŲζɣ޼ЦӦȴôѺãͻͻ͵Щŭ
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Ҷһ΢Ц۶ס£ˡ
뻹ûţܵһ붭Ҷй֮
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025   ز

Ҷ޼еӣɫǷ¿ӣӣ޼Զ
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𿩿Цˣգۿһƽͻĺ
Ҷ޼һЦһƽͷڶгһЦСӣȵʺˣôѪҲǲһţѧɲˣ
ƽĴָƹҲܲµó
ǵȻǸʲôţٸңվͲ˵ˣҶ֣һɨζȻ޼硣
ѾͷС粻˵
ƹǴӦˣܵܣƹӦˣƽܵܣ
ƽ˰ֵܻϲЦҶҲȾƵЦԺҾӣ˵㲻ңͱҲ
ƽظĵ죬ֻ֤ҪӴܵгסƹʲôԣ
Ҷûͷͼ˰εڵأƽæܵܣܵܣ˵꣬æ˰ԶҶƹҵܴܵСⲡһε
æƽܷܵƽڵϡ
޼ҲҶˣæƿˣΧţ赲
Ƭ̣üƽܵܵ΢ֻεˣȰȥٹ۲Щӣ˵ϣƽȥˡ
ҶֹĪಡֵܣƽΪ˸ܵβǷ˲˼ɣ
Ҷӣˣˣ޼ġӣҡ¡
֣һжˣҶЩĵĿһЦ绨޼ҧҧȡһɫҩ裬һᣬСӹ޼ݹˮȥ
ͻȻһһбб䣬µŵˮδδĴڵϣ
Ӣ˿ԵĶҶ΢΢̾˿
Ӵڴһеķ磬ӢϽ˴
⴫ƽ书ǿ˴ڣǧҪУϸڷ⣬ү磬˶ܽȥ
ƽġšһ
һһƬӢ˵ƣΪҶǱӣͻɫĴ϶˶ѹʵߺˣ
һµĶ߳͸ٻɫĹ⣬ĿǱɼ
ӢĬȻ
¾ֱߵߣ£ŶҶ
ɫ䣬ɫӢݣ¹ӣϴҲǱزѣ㲻Ҫ
̧ͷӢĻӢˣ
Ӣҧҧ˿ʵ¹ӣҶ죬ȥδ
޳ָΪҶϵ˿񱻣ǵЦ⣺ߣ





026  

Ӣһȣ¶ԶҶأԹ޻ڵĸҲж¹ӣ²ף˿̲Ǹµʱ򣬶ֽѱرΧǳ͢Ҫһɳ֣¥ȻۣϴһϷȲǰ
ͷҲδ̧ĽŵӢҶɣⱲˣѵİһƷŮˣѾĻƽ鷳У˿µҲƤԼ
Ӣ治Ƥˣ˽ģöһ˻ؤʱ̫ƽ˼ôǶԵġҲǲ֪˽ֶֺ֪үδԲѣСүӢǵһ򲻳ܣôҲ˵ȥˡ
·ŶЦ֪ԩζˣ
һ䣬ЦȻͣסӢؤ﾿ʲô£
ƵȻݵȴðģӢȻûİؤԴԪ뿪ܸоҶ
ӣص£Ӣй˼ɣ˸Գľ岻
û˵ֻ˼ĿӢɫԽԽأСóҶ֣İüаգ
Ӧû£ӢЩΪ˶ҽϣҩЩ
ӢҲ鵽£һ֯ռеĸ·ϢϸµһЩ˵ҵĹ±ĿһӢ
Ӣ˶ֱӶµд£鱨ռ鱨˶΢΢СȻؤҲռ˴󲿷֣ؤѾˣ鱨ֻһЩ˻ڰռĪ˱ؤ
ԽĿҲԽ˳룡¿Ʋ˵ʵҲûĵףֻǺ֤ܶݶָؤòɡ
Ӣշȭҧ˶һۣ¶ĵ¹ӣгˣˣʮζˣôһлоȡ
ӹӢݹֽ½ĴæɨϢ֯ؤˣͷŶҶ˫յ˫ۣƺ΢΢ĳëĪһᡣ㣬ƫԶķһ֮ˣͬıŸѪڷǰ
Ӣүˣ˵
ӢˣζҪغҶ²ǾͻҶˣ°ŵݸӢǰĴæһ۶Ҷ޼ŶʱҲ˲䲻Ӱ
޼޵ĳŽ鳯ڣݵؽ뷿С˼صòҽˣһò˵һִۣɫ˫湫ӡ
¥ɱĴΧס¥ҲʱֹͣӪҵ
޼ע£ҽְڶҶϣƬ̣ŲϵĲͨµүеĶϳɽ⣬ϳϧֻүŹļˡ
Ĺʮ꣬ڿ쵽ˡ
޼Цҽɱ޹ǡ΢ۣɨݵصҽ˿˿Ѿ壬Ŀ۾һԾļ䣬ŭٴϮ
үϢŭٶ᲻٣˪ŲæĿڣһº͡
޼½յȭͷſһ˪ͷŹˣ
˪׼ȷߵҶߣа޲˭ҲۼɢסеĽҶ֣˭Ҳ΢΢¶ĶһеЦ⡣
ǺĶҩж֮ʱҷõĲ࣬մ򿪵ҩã˿СүصģպΪ˪ߵߣҶҩ
ȹɣ޼ҽһת˪л˵ϷݵüΪʵԱߵŲɡ
µơ
ʱΪ˺ĺ༫ţ۲µһͿΪµĶ̫࣬³ҺβŭȥĶµҺ󣬵ڴÿ°ĭ棬صҲĿ
ҶԷҩغܵ͵ҩ裬˳еĴ֮ڴ֮ǰʰ׵ΪƸСƶõдȵ洫ҶԲơδж֮һʱ䴫˳ȥ
޼ȻŭĽһ֮˶һ
˵֮£
޷粢һúŪ֮ˣһܻʵ۰ӲΪӪٵǱȲ˵õĳĳ˵Э踺صܼΪһ֮λʮ࣬ƽңƽûй˵ıԣûиҹϵ˼άʹֲ¡
ҹư˭֪ƽ֮жڴʼڶ࣬үӹ಻ʤοҰĲĹǣһʤЯӶ¾ͻᷢҹʷǣ߽֮Ҳټ
մȨţ֮ϳѿ޷õһ֮ڶҲµģټᡣҸɵйȴΪãҲĸ󻼰
µŮԼŮȴǲʧȥҵ嶯±çԸ񣬾ȻдĻȻиˡ
޼Ǹ˫ĵܣԴİ֮󣬱Ϸ˼䡣һģҲͻȻԶҵĵ֮ãּҳ˼ңɳ׽ö¡һ¾㲻ԸҲ޿κΣԼİŮڷĿ¸첲գԲΪȻıĶ¶͵òʧˣ˸̣ǳ㡣
ұ˼ң·ұѣһ֮ȴδ֡
¶Դµƽᵹһ̣סʧףԼһЩҪĶûˡ˴Ļ˵Ҷһ߽ʰһĽ鱦һ߻ں޽ӵ߶ʲôѲ
µǻǷ裬һűժһţЩŮƵƵŹٸ£һֱĳĳŮΪУʦһŭ֮»һܳˣԱעӷ£һǣ벻֪ѳΪдٸŮкĹ֪ĵʦҪ




027   ҹ

һһ಻ϵ졣ϹƣƵܶ˵ġ
ҹ鷿
һ˶÷ڣ˷еƵĺȾƣƮ˷УͻЦү£
޼ſ˵ľƱа档˵һŮǲ̫ˣ
ǣһЦ޸˵ˣ
޼ԥҡҡͷʧĶϵľƱ
͸һ˿䣬Ȼ˵ҪʬεģžƱָ⽥ףŵָŹ·촦ɫ漣תãһ˼޼һһֵ˿˿ҲǿΪκ£
˿˿޼ͷϸϸľ׽֣ؿ񱻵ݺݵĴһ˲Ѫܡ
ˣĿ
еɫ̹Ȼ
޼˵
ҹɫ뷿С߶ҡڣɫƣż˿գǰ΢΢ź⡣
ҹˣǱΣ޼ʵȴ¶ЩԶġ
ƽҹĿڡҹͻı죬ҪҪѻӣԼľˣΪӷҲϧʮȴ޹ģʮﲻܵǣ죬ǸԲֶεˣѾУֻԳ
ʲô޼ҹķ벻׷ʣȴĻɡ
¿óҹȥ죬Ԩұ֤ƽ
ӳǿʵĸǰ޼ĵװ˿䲻ҹʲôȴĪľ붭Ҷйء
ֻǵЦЦ顣
죬ҹУŵָԼžҶϣȡ졣
͸ֻһ˽нǿɫֽɡϣԽ
˻һ˸粻ΪȻֳֻһֳɡһ־ŸոյȼĻˡԹǲǣѾô𣿡
ǺЦֱ䣬ɫŵİɫڻ»رЩ죬ŵ⡣
šü㲻ɫܰ𣿡
ҶһƽҪȻ
˪Ҷ޴󰭰ɣЩ
ϵİѻƵǱߡֻ¸Ͻס΢ŭÿ
ȻܺЦؾƿ˻ѣȴһ˭Ǵţ˶ôԡ
˪Цš˶֪ɽׯĶׯЦǳ˿̵ȷʵʹвһ
ҴûκһŮˣҷˣ˪˸ѾЩʪѣͷ
Ѿͷȷʵͦݵģ˵ǶԼҲĺݣͷźڰеĶ¡
Ǳزѣ̾˿ϧ
ҲŴﵽ׵ģֲйȫ
ҶŮûøУԿǵϣܲﾡǱɽׯˣǱҲӦ۾ǲɫޱˣ˵壬׽ҲѲµ˼
ûɵ˿ûѴս˪ɫӳ𻨣˵ÿ˪ѾͷɲСŮ˵⻰ʱɫҲѿ
˪Ҷˣ㣬ֵʲôʱ򣡡˵
ôȣѿڶЩŭ
˪Ȼδ̬ĬӾ֪ûſǶʧǵ顣
ǲܱȣ²ŭԽֻкޣҲ¡
Ĭã˸˼
Ҫƽʱ¿һĬ˿ȴˡ޿̵ĴƳĬ˪ΪҶʲôŵù
ţҲ˵ΣԲŵõ㾡ȫĸ˪˵ͷƸСõϵ洫ҲƳ˺ҩƳˣ̶̵գ˲
֪˵ԸǺǻֻǸСѾͷӢ书ҲǿдߵҲѷ˰ֽţò˵ӲһĴ󣡡Щġ
һֳɽĺصֲʳڶʱھͻᶾ˵նҶȳ˽ҩеĶغǿ书һĹͱУҶֳ˺˶صҩ裬ǰǰڵĶѿˡ
ֶһ֣Сַ˺컨ҩڣһֲ֪Ķ˪˵ʶİͷת¡
껹¡쳣İ
̾˿ɫħӱˣЩ֣ҶҲǱŻˣӢţ±Ѫڷǰ˲бϣΪˡ
˵޼ѾͷնѾͷӣôӦģЩˣնҶֻԼʲộؤȴδ˵ԭ
ҪҪ󵨣˪ҡҡͷ֪ǿϧ
˻¼
ҹƵò˿Ѿˣ
羪еĻѶ˵ءˮ˻˻졣
ֻˮɽ죬Ҷ΢΢ײĥ
˪ǻһĨԳЦʱҲһΪһŮӷѾ˼ǣңʳѰӣಢȴţģǧ꺮ͶһУҲڻ˰ɣ
սɡͶԶȥɡ⣬˿˿Ĵļ䣬ԺٿǸ˵ʪ˵ĳϣ˵Į
һҹ紵ɢʪɡһԣմ๸£þδ
¥
ƽѾһһҹδ˯ˣżϣŴϵµΡÿһΣƤͲĴ£ڶڵϵʱ־ˡݺݵش˸ǷӹڱŽ硣
ĴˣһƬӰν˷ڡ
Ӱÿϣһ۴ϳѵ˶ģСڴվƬ̣˼ʲôֻϵˣһɿĳš
ӰƮȹƽѣӦ󣬴к
Ӣ߳Ȼȴƽǰ㼱ꡣ
Ӣ߰ɣҪȻ¿ɲã
Ӣ˵ͷһͷˮƽҲ





028  

ӱеĶҶסؿڵĲʣţްˮҲǵŻɡ
˺ܾãǿŮͣҶ˿û뵽书ŮȻôã
ͨҵĿĵصĶҶݺݶڵϣôãϵ·ѾʪˣܽӴ룬˿һǱôãڷڵŭɽݺݵı˳
ҶŭĿ̧ͷǰˡһ΢΢㶡
ǰȻҲǱŵˣ
ҫ䣬ҶɨΧԶʮŮӲվţǸһѻѣĹâǰŮӾȵһ
ҶЩ©֮ûζ
ЩŮͷϴŶΪ˶Ŀðɴס
ǰ˺˺ܴģĺЩ٣֪̫࣬Բ
Ҷ¶ЦݡһǰŮӣĨĨˮϵֻǲ˵ˣ
Ļ΢΢üлмҪװһʲô֪ӣᣡ
Ƥˮ̫ãʱԽԽֲڣҶԼڵӣһ
ô˵ˣΪ𣿶¹ӲŹģСŤҶҲԽԽ䡣
û뵽ǰǸÿɰѾͷ˺󰲰ɬѾͷ˿̱˵ΪŹ𣿡ҶĿڣȴʹʮĵŮӣԱ䣬ԭȵĲࡣ
žݺݵİҶᵹһԣʹҲ˱
ķƵĽк㲻ںбŮ䲻Ҳ䲻ֻңֻңȴûۿңҺ㣬㣡˵ֻ꣬ǰԹ۾Ϊʶͨ죬еذҲֱֱҶϴȥ
Ҷ㿪ֱȴذˣ΢΢Ĵʹ
ԱΧŵŮԹۣǾţ⡣
书ҲУֻǲáⲻҪ㲻书ҲʹľôŮ˺Ů֮䣬ڶҶ˵ҧֳҲͲˡ
˿̵ĶҶҲû󣬹Ա߻жٵˣȽǰҪϾģѹסеذߵһߣſץҧ书ûʹһʱȴ벻붭ҶͬķһζĶ
Ļ飬һᣬҲ󺰴еİѶҶķѧһ˿﷭ȥֻţ
˵㱳˭ΪʲôҪɱ㣬ɱҵ£Ҷ˫סĲӣԺ㱻ڷǰ˫ĿѪʬ嵥һнɬָԾĽ˽
Ŀ˿ȣ˫ۺݺݵŶҶմ˫ץס֣Ҳᱳ˵ģȿȣļٵĺ˻ƣĴҶԽԽеĶҶ˫ղŻƵƵתû˶ŵøæ֡
ԱߵŮӲ֪ʱεڵأȡ֮ӢˣдæĶº硣
Ҷһƨϣ΢΢֣۹飬˫۾ã־ȴԾĻ±¶š
ϴ󣡡һ
ҶǾѰϣǰѧļ֪ʶѹأ˹ظ˺öΡ
ΧһﲻĿϺɲ⡣
ģѣѣҶСӰھĵϿɱˣĲţһȻɱˡ
Ҷ߶£סļ硣
ȿȡȿȣ΢ĿľȻˡ
ҶһϲվĨȴĨ˲ƤȻĿкںһŶֻСֳ˫ָŸûûεĴЦ
ϴôã۵ѻָϢľģԴЦĶҶʵ
ҶסЦʪ˦žž졣ص񷿣Ѩ˵ıͱԣ
˿۹ǲˣϴ󣬱Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ȼȥ·ȴڲסĹػ
ҶµתͷЩ⣬ô⣿
ҶĺɣǳǳһЦ˵
Ҷͷ˿˵漰ʱģ
ƽӦϴǸûɶЩ˿ܿɵˣǵ߶û
ƽ˵꣬˱Ĭظøֻ΢΢й¶ǵҶסЦ
Ҷϵ౻ˮɾˣŵĺΡһ۽ŵĶ£۲˼Цˡ
ͻȻһʹҶղűذ׻ˡ
¸æ֣粻֪ӺδóɡΪסꡣ
ˣ²ɷ˵İṦһ·¥
ҶûԺһֱžĵĻ㲻бŮһҪ˵ǲܵġ
𣿡˺ҶǷֲɫ䣬¶һѪ˵òǺ΢΢˿Ҷȴ΢΢ʧˣɾˣΪ࣬ǽ壬ҵٸͨȻʵĶůϸĺǻǰ
£㲻𣿡˴Ϳҩ˿˿Ҷͷʵ
ѾѾΪҶ׼ԡˮ
Ҳ޲ǺЦֺγһֽأµв£ƲһУ⣬أ˰ɣҲƻİ˵ֵõģ
ȳȥɣҶ̧ͷŶ£ǱдţСҪԡѾĻ
ϲ߳ȥȻǲ䲻ȵģ벻ǰǺݺݵˡ
ԡͰеĶҶȴһԼһֱ룬Ӣ˵˪Ϊѹй֮ˣԽԽǰ·Ӣ˵ʯһ۾
ϴˣմˮģԱߵҶһζ֣Щε
Ҷع񣬺ǺǵЦȥ˸׼ԵģҶˣ
°ҹҶ˯̫࣬û˯⣬˿̵ȡ
ڿЮŲˣкº磬ǣʲôЮŶ
ر㣬Զ㣡·һ¶˲ϳԷģһûһٺҶһ̧Ŷ˵
´Юһ⣬ͷ
˵㣬ǰɾëҲøĸˣӽԺ㲻ʲôǮӸˣ½ЩЩֲˣҶĵȰ޼ҿɹ飬ЩΡ
סЦ͵͵£ֶǿ£԰һ˱Ŀȫǡ
ҶҴߣ̧ͷܼᶨ˵
У㣿ĵ̻ҵģ˵ˣգҾҪˣ
Ҳ׼䡣
㲻׼Ҷ¿ӣζشŶ¡
Ҳ̧ͷ˵ļǲٽѵġ
ҾˣҶİ𡣡ʽλؤΰǶ£ҶԵϲ̯Ҫиʰ˵ڶ£ʱ϶ϣؤԵգ
Щ߰£һһʵ׷ƻΪԼĽҸɱɱ




029   ֮

Ҷƨɣ̯ˣ˲þҪ⡣
붼룡Ƴһ۶ҶղͲӰ
ҶգգۣϣĿ磬ؤһѽΣأѽ磬֪ô
һЦȻҡҡͷ
ҶЩɥǲ׵¡
Ҳǲܵ£Ƕ±ͷԣƾŰ˲Ҳֵԭֺ߷ֹЦЦ²ֿڡ
Ҷ̯ϣǷƲġֹʲôôŶûУǻܸ̺أ
ôĻһֲΪĸоԼԽԽԼǰԼϻرࡣ
˵٣ҶƢĲãǶԶ¡Ӽһ˲䣬ˮܡ
ָֻ˰ֻײ졣
÷У˳Ĭ
ϴŮˣھ㣡ɫÿǱġ
ҶҲܣƾʲôв֪λش֮ʱײ²Ŀ⡣зһһ⣬ÿָŶ˵ȥͻͣˣ
ȥ붼ûһھܾˡ
ҶԣˡվһҪܵƣȴͻȻСһƲɥߵߣСģһܵĳĳ̬вۿҪ룬ˣкðɣ
Ҷν滨ѽǳӣ治Ǽٵģ˭вˣһôѪȵв
»ǲϣϲǲϲ粻вĻ¼ŮˣȥֺһԼ˾ŮˣľС
ҪôſϣҶֹסᣬĿ΢΢ŭǸ˵ϲˣһⶼûУ
ӴҪ㣬һҲ룡ˮ¥̨ȵ£仰Ϊ˽ҸԸġ
иƨ棬ôȥУҶһӦǲֵת룬ɼˣʲôŮ˽飬ؤĻ̻ˣٳҲûٻȥˡµͷĳӴԺҪһ˳Ϧദˣѽ
߳ţͻڴʱҶţǸ֣ҪʱɫɫհɣֻҪϰæͺã
УһɫĶԶҶ㲻ȥ
ôҶ治ô룬ǱŮȥֻǾģоЩ֣
Ǹ²˼Ǻ˵ġ
翴ԼЩ֣ҶΪΪ˵ˣ㲻ΪȻЦЦ
죬˵㿴Ұɣ˵ûɱˣ϶ţȷʵǺɱˣ
ҶЩͷԣ֪ʲôӣֻĿ
˵ҪȥĻǸʲôĻģšüͷЩӦٶ۵ĶҶ
ҶڷӦˣȾܡ
֨ѽűҶһƿӭһѪǰЩ׵ƿǰһʬ壬ϤСѾ԰ףͫɢϵ˿ڻѪȾʪ˸ջѣֻס֡
ɰʤѩҶתͷ죬ȴδ˵
Ҷ۽ǴµѪ׷ԴϣеĽ˿ȺѪδδش򵽵ϡ
ɱģҶ𣬴Щࡣÿ춼Щ˵ܼЩȴƩЩΪĳɱˣԻ
Ҫ˵ģںĻûںĻϼҲǽɣûڽʱǻãΪ߼࣬ӦǺǿģ˵ҲʼѪˡ
ɱģµĿڡ
øһҶת߳ȥɱģǶˡ˵ѹǼٵģεպݶҲȹһοֵӣЩΪĵӣȴҸģûѪȵĺ΢΢̧ͷۿᵹȥסؿڣһǻ˵ζʹ޴йȫϡ
ûɱҶɫܰǻ˺ܾõƣԽԽڡ
ţӦһϺɫ֪ңǸҲ֪ɱˣŻȥ˵𣿡䣬Ҷȴ͡
˵°Ҳֻ֪ǱãﲻҶͶȥ۹⻹ǳ֡
Ҳʣûһᣡ¿Ц
ҶȻɱģ
ϴ󣬶¹ıʱҪ˵ȴǲеĽصģ𼱼˵ЩԹϴû½ۡ
һԸΪһҪǸӦôһأþĵвӦûмҰɣ˵ûУҶҧŴ˼صϰҹҪɱΪʲôҪ˵ôϻЩԹۣĿĮŮΪʲôھĴ֮ʱæ
Ҳ־ˣǰ˵ѵĺӣ۾ȴƭ˵ģǵԼֻ˵˵ģҽɣǺȴӯӯŲ亰Լ㣬ůžԲԲͷˮ۾ҶһξԼĮ˳ˣܲԾԼ߸ߵΧǽΧǽһвĻǼĸ顣ԼðˣȴҲüįˣ
ʵǾѧţűˣҶ˷еˣӢ죬磬£ĵ˸ӿ˻ݺĴǵıԵʵʹڣˣ
ҵðҶͷָ̫ѨͷԽԽʹҲֹסʡ
ҶǰҪɱˣҪɱ˭ƺЩļ߹ȥ˫ַڶҶϣüŷꡣ
Ҷ̧ۣҡҡͷǲñ֪ģ漰һĹȻǳԹ̫ҡǻˡ
û޼㣬ȻͬյĿһأ΢΢ͷ˼޷Ϊ˵õλʹ䲻ôʣЩҽǿʢհҵҲһɶõĺûʵۣ
֪Ҷͷ޼մǲݵĹ¯࣬ȴǸŲµˣǸ˿˿ﱻһвΪ֪ԭɣ
Ҳ֪ˣ¿մЦ⣬ֻ˫ӱûĶڿĺڰﻥţҪģߡ
֪ʲôҶЩŵؿ
˳ķ˿Ц֪һҪ˵




030    Ѫİ

գȻˣһֺƿն
˪ڼʱһ·ѱ紵ˣԶȥ˵ļ±⣬ָֻǰӣĿգ˶ŵ룡
֣޼ӭžȡ
ү˪俴ȴȷյ˵˵λã޼΢΢
ֿȥɫôã
΢ķһûһ˪Ȼүˡү൱ɣô붼ӱǺ֮
޼ͷ˿Ǵͨ͸ȣЦѵ֪ǹ˿𣿡
ν˿ָ˿ȹǶɲ˿Ƴɣ˱˺еѧʷӣ˪ǵĲЩѹĲƷ
˪ɫ˿ȷʵǲɶ֮
Ŷˣˣ޼һ£ӣ⡣
˪һĪǣ
Ҳʶֺɩˣ޼ò˵һĶ˪Ҫ̽ʲôƵġ
˪΢΢һȴƽϰ˺ڰ̫ãҲǿ࣬Ʃڣܸоõ޼˫ЩĿ⡣
Ҳһȥɣ޼ϴЦ۾ݵɨ˪ѥӣѥеۼڸԼҹеʵ˪ΪɽׯˣĹϵȴܵҪ졣
˪޼˼߹ȣһչȥǰ
Žָףʲôʲô겻ɷȻ˪ߵ޼ϲεؽе˭ˣ
⻰˵ģǸģ˪񣬵磬ɩӣ
ܸо߹ٰǷ統һǰ˿˼׷ɣȴڿԼ˪ɩɩԱЩ˿ɳܣ
˪þòѩǳЦЩĮİ˵Ŀװ㡣
˪΢Ц˵ͷ˲˽ѩΪֵͬܣܲѩ˼ֵ֮飬һֱ
ϴ΢΢ů⣬֪ѩַļϣƮ˹һȣ˶٣Ҳ֣ȥָеѪڣѩ·ֻصֵ꣬ܣ޾ӡ
޼˿һԵ㣬һɫ괹سȹ˿ɴǾֿյϣ֣ü죬Ŀ紺ӨСɵ£绨촽Σ㵭ŵ㣬°ٻŭ
ٸ귽ʮģȴȻʮŮֲǳֲŰֵܲϧ֮ͬ飬һһġ޼еȣһ죬ӶЦ
ɩӣ˪΢΢ʩֻһɬһ꣬ȥ
ţܺãνٰǣңпջȥǰѩֱۣʤȻݺȣкһֵ˵ζ
ŶСһܣҲģǻǸȥɣѩ˵꣬гأ˪һǿԭִô꣬һԵĽޣǳǳһ֪һ˪ʹվ
СҲˣ˪յЩɫСǺӣ겻һĵƤ
ѽСﲻ֪ĸҽ˵¥ϲ֮¾ܹȥˣ޼һЦۡԭ˪Ǹֵܣ粻һˣ˵¶죬ڹأ
˪ɫĵ˵ͷǳ͢ҪȻ׷֪ιʳˣ׷ɱڡ޼ϸ֮ˣĪ֪֮
׼ýˣλ룡޼Ц䣬˪аɫǳ⡣¥
Ҷɻشװȴһ¡
ӢȥʲôˣҶ˵̹꣬ӱڻСķΪʲôԽԽˣﹴĶǵģӵĴڡ
ӢЦŶԶҶǶ¹ӵľʶǽģ
żҵģҶһ΢΢ȸԾ
ҶһȥϲãӢǿһ̾ҲϴҪ㣬»˰ɣ
Ӣ˪иҶЩʧӢҧ촽϶ȻȾϺΡ
е̽ʱһ·˼¶࣬˸㣡ţ޼Ҳ쵽˰ɣӢһһЦ
ӢЦģеЦҶ˾΢΢
ϴ󣬻װ𣿡ӢʣŶҶЩΡ
һʲôҽңǼҵ𻹲ЩҶʼ硣
ǲһ˪ǰ𣿡Ӣ˼˪µĹϵһѰǰ崿ɰʱ˲䷢׵Ҳ˵ʲô
ϴһ¸磬һ¸磬е㸴ӣӢȥЦ⡣
Ů˾ǰԣӢʲôʱôŮ˻ˣҶͻĴŭ𣬡ʲô£
±ӣ£ҪĿȴƵúܡ
ӢЦݼҪľЧϴ˪¹ӵĹϵõ˵زȻһ˽֪ˣ
˼˵޼Ҳϵ˪ˣҶ˱ӣɫࡣ۾쳤̾ˣ޼µľԴѶŪüԭľĻȴȻһͿ
˵޼ĿһҲпܵģԼȥɱˣΪҪЭΪǵǮҪɱ֣Լȥ
ᵱĺͨΪʲôԼд˼£ȴ˵ıΪ᣿
ʮ类ˣԭֻպõùʬ϶ѣ
˺أҶüޣˡһݺݴ´塣
˵һؤûµĻ㾡ȥɣ첻֪ʱ˵
һˣֱϲ˭Ӳװȥֺá£Ų˳ˣҪתԣЩѡ
Ҷһʱҭס޻˵
ϴȻҲɲ˻ǽģؤûʲô캦£Σ첻
СɽȽϵƬЩҶγԼɣһʱ֮ؤȴһҪ⣬ؤӴû򣬲İɣɨصҹҲһա
˵ҵ书ܲܿҲ߹һиֵĽʮƷôЩ˾ͲС˰ɣ
Ӣͷ仰þˡ
ԭӲÿûûʱҪҶͨڴϡ
⴫ͨ޼һˡ
ҶЦװˣ˭˭ֲ˭˭




031  һ

ҶΪһˣ޼һʱе⡣
СҶӣôûݣ޼ҶЩżĴܵߣһ˫īڵζĶ
Ҷҡҡͷûлش
޼ԵɷЦĪСҶ뷴ڣ
ЦţЦźܺÿЦԵЩ̱ҶЦؤûʲô£òŶصģ
û£޼ۣӣҡߵ͵㲻㻵£
ôţҶ̧ͷؤʱȷʵ˲ǺϵֶΣȴûкڡ
޼ͻ΢䣬ҶԲ°ͣ٬СҶ⼸յЩ⣡
Ҷһ˦֣ӡӱˤϣ΢졣װ⣡ҧгݣҪҧ˰㡣
֪ˣ޼Ī˿ƽ͵ߡ
ˣҶ̧еճȭ
޼ߵǰ֡ҹߺ󣬰ҹһС
һ̵úܹݵĻȴηǺҶ߳ˮ࣬ƺߣһرƵ۵ıУһԼߵŮӣһ̵ɴȹͷŴ̵˿µ˿Ž΢΢ǰ㣬ҧŴȡԱߵһӣµˮ⡣
ǸŮʮ޼عҶҧŴ꣬ȥݸʧǲĽ̬֮ѽԽԽ᲻ˡ
Ҷӣ㲻ԸҲǿ㣬պĴȴǲӵģǸŮҲʲô
Ҷʧ͸ˣҶߵױ̨ʱٰһ֧ηС˳𲻱ǾӣҧƳͷǳЦ޼

Ѿ˽ˣ޼߹ùҶڰյӣͭЩ㵵ĶҶȻһЦ
Ҷʵʮﻹ谡
Զжǵ飬ȴֵĸŮ౨޼ΪҶϸϸͷһ̾Щ˰ɣ
Ҷ͸ӿ޼΢üͷüĿĿ϶˷ɫʮ𣿡Ϊʲôʣѵִˣ
޼ͷ˵Ϊҵ£˷ˣֵ£ʧȥ˼䡣
ҵˣҶתʳָָԼС΢ţһĲ˼塣
޼ͷ
Ҷ۶޼Σź죬ù޼еӡ̸ԭˣѹְҹʶʮԭΪһЧšڰһˣǴҹͬĵˡ
Ǹؤһ˰ɣǽỹᣬʵ۶ûؤ׷ɱǳ𣿡ʱŲҲٺˣ
ҶӵϢͨո౾ʥּδ£֪ˣ޼ºһһЦҶлɫ㲻׷ʣ⵽ǰͷߵұΪ㻹ûѣҽ㣬˼׼ǵȷˣ㶯òãƽҲûСյˣ
Ҷ޼û׷Ϣ㰵˿ֺֹ֪Щҹȥ͵Ƶ¶֪û˾ϵϣضȥϵĻBOSS˰ɣ
óκױ̨ϵ˿ֱȣѰ˼촩黨ɫȹӣʲôأһɨΣûһԶǿ۵ģȥɫ̫ˣü̾˿
ѾͷôȥƵģ޼ŷţһ㵽׵ı飬Ů鷳
ٲ㣬Ҿˣ޼˿ĵż
߰ɣҶЩ죬˼ģ߰¶һߣӶ˪
黨£ǳɫĴذٻȹлɫ¶ʩ崿Сһ׹ʹ˿ӵĸɾģ޼ȻЩڴ֪ǷɫĴ΢΢̣нЦ֮ʱֻεˣ
ҶЩ¥ǰ뷿ֻܽһҪˣôķӦأ
Ƿǵͻͣ½ŲЩɬôˣǿģ
ԭҶͣ½ŲʱԼǰˣһԵ޼ɨһˣһ·ϣҶĲɵӣ³е⣬Ѿͷ׹ˡ
δ
ɤ֪˭ҶѰ˼ȥվŸŷɫѵŮʮͣɫĳϣʯ˫еӤʵཱུģÿɰ㡣
Ҷ˿̾һ
¸磬ô˵գŴ۾סµֱҡҡ
ҶĿתڰ첻ۣûѹأġ¸硯Ȼ
죬ΪʲôҶɫԽԽǳԴװɣôᣬæתһߣ˪Ӱӡ
˪ǿӳʱƽȴð
Ҷҽ򸾣պյѽƽҪ˼ң˷ɵˣ޼סҶ
Ҷع񣬲Цһ治ͬ죡
ѩһ£Եÿ䣬ò˪ֲ٣һ˫˵Ļǵֻżһ˿ĳɷ֣Եù°Щ׽ˡ
ó㣬һ³ȹԵŸ߹Ҷü֣ˮʮ㣬ǻˮһö
˪ˣŻһӰΪüǴŵˣĶˡ
أҽǷɫӰεҶǰЩ졣
СﰡҶ޵
ҲСˣʮˣתͷһ£˲
ǲСˣŶԼ΢Цһ˵øˣ
磡Ŵܵ˪
˪СõļһЦҶ۶ֱˣ˵Ц=====================================================================
ʮһŶףλǽտ֣գһһȵѽڣĳŽϹСպǣ





032  ---˪һ

йһңΪҽżҵŮӸҽȺǾΪˣ
꣬ѩ緢껪αĺҽ壬
һ꣬˪ѩյµţ˵ɽıѩϣһѩʱһҪҩ붼ûͲȥˣ
ʱĵطѩɽҲԶ͵ѩɽ¡
ʱǶѩ磬ǲһɫããѩһͷī˿ڷķ裬ǲ޵Ӷ֮һЦеĽָָǸ߸ߵѩɽ˵˪㿴Ҫѩ
̧ͷһĨɫǰɽϣνСһ֪һŮӡͷЦѩϺõҩҪ֣
ʱ࣬ɽϵŮڷѩټɽ·᫣ٴ̧ͷʱٻӰ˻ΣһЩʯͷ
£Ҫ𣿡һѣش𣬾;ֱɽȥˡҽ߸ĸģóѩȴŮӵİΣ
ż⣬µľ͸Ů
ŮӾˣͣ˽Ų˰̣ͻȻתͷ
һϣ˲ˡǰŮӲʮ껪Ŀң֬ѩһӳˣŽ촽ϺŭЩԵ޲ɷ
Щ޴ĴкȴҲԼ
Ůһתͷɽȥ
۾Ĩɫݲκζ
ѩѹɽϵ֦ظһֱֱǰŮæǰǧһ֮ʱǾֿյԼһߣ
ѩɽ¹ȥû
ߣҲµ뵽ϣɵ÷ȡ
£Ůߣ˵
ݺȣȻмеŭȴɺܶ
ҡҭ
һǰһ˴Լʱѩɽ֮ߣͱϵѩһ걻ѩס亱
ס˵վһ߾ͺã
Ůü
һȥҶһЦժ㣡
Ƭ̣һۣ˵ͷ
ҩ˵Сһ׮㳤ͱ֮ϣҲƽȡ׾١
óˮ˿סǴбѩ˹ȥ
ŮӽӹһЦЦضɫˣ
Ůµɽɫˣ»ɽ£ЦЦĿ
նлӣͷתˡ
δ˵ٻӰ˸ɴȥһķ·ȵء
ҡҡŻع
һΪ
ҹˣߺ˵˵һʱ䡣ʵҲΣϣǻǣӵŮһۡ
ҹǶӣһʧ˻ǵˣʧ񣬴˾öºһȡЦ
֪ĳж죬Եˣٴμ
ѩӣǲݳݺɵĺӡ
һҹѡȥʱ·ǵƻͨᵹѪУһ֧ϣĸ£ζҪȻᡣ
һһҹڱס˽ʱʧһһҹĶҲˣ绹һ˵¹
Ǹ¹ѩɽϼŮӣֽŴʹ࣬һ̣ʹ顣
ĵ£¹ܿתҲ֪ˣԭ㡣
ǶӣԺɢٻޣƻպ졣
ദúܺã޻˵֪һɽֵǰͽ˴ɽΪ˰ʦһЩ£գǡײ϶׷ɱˣˡ
ԵһЩ飬ôǿֵģƩѩ翴ԽԽȵһоͿʼˣҲˡ
Ƕʱ䣬˱ϻԭӣһʱվͱѹ
ֵ֮飬֮꣬ڰǰͻȻˣļ尾˺һӣٵٴɱһˣǸ˵ĳӱ飬һһ˿ӿѪȡ
һʱһҪϧҪʧȥ˲žúڣȻѣ˰⡣ϲȻҲһʺӱÿɰ뿪ҹһ˼ҡ
ͬĻ£ѩҲףҸ̫죬˾У
֮սٽҲ̫ˣ̫֣ʲôѩһ𲻼ˣʧӰ٣ûиֻƬ
׸磬ѩ䵭ȴһһ˭Ǹʲôںѩһʱ˭
ģѹȴûġΪ˪ѩһĸͬҪִҲ޷ȽϵģҪѰ㵽ĺǣ
--------------------------------------------------------˼ͼôˣףҸ֣





033    ƪ---˪

ңļȻĵطһ㣬ʱﺮѩããůůůķ磬ܰζɺʹʹ䡣
죬°ɾѥһ·̤ĳ˵"ҿ̫Ķ"
"Ķ˵ʲô"ʱʹãһˣʧɺ쳾УһΣѺΨźⲻĽᡣ
´߻һ˿Ц⣬ٶ໰
˵ѣҹɫ˫ӣʮƹܼټУδʮȢ˽ޣײһ꣬ӱƵƵӳǽʳŮӣίж
"壬βȥ"һԣŶһһŰϰ໨Ƕƿв̣մ׽飬ɱ˺󣬶˶ˣ񱵽㣬ɾ񱻹Щҩɾˡ
"ɱ"ͷҲ̧ºݻ
գҹٹڣϲһӣ¡
"ҿˣ"ϢϢĳ֮ʱҪš
еĳʹɼֻһϣҲοһŮӣܾʹࡣ
ѩ޹صˣЩһҲźޡ
"˵˵ȥˣ"Ƶʵ
"˪"翴ͣƬ̣¶ĵ"⼸һֱڴ̽ǵϢ鵽ԭɫħŮӣƵʹ֪Ϊ˺£ѩһֱң"
ɫħǸ˵κһұŮˣĵӣ
"·"쳣ࡣ
ҹҹ̽ʹǱԺںĻ԰С
ǵʺĹƽرأȴزһˡڰ񣬶ڼɽ󣬵˼ʱֵʱ԰вЩ
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""һ˿ɳƵŮ֮ʱһŷɫɴŮ˳ö˵ġ
ûлشֻĿһԵѩ
ۺɴ΢΢˶ˣһУɴµЦɡŮ΢΢ɨһѩ"Ϊɣ"
ѩһ壬¶˭һģ
ŮӵҲ⣬˼תĵ"ҲȦˣˮ˹վ͵ִ¹ҪЩ˾ģ"
"ɱˣһ"΢΢һ
"ʲôʱϻôࣿ"ŮͻȻ߳ۺŭ
"ҡ"ҧź촽εؿѩżңӲɱ޹ҪɱˣѩΣ
"Ұ㣡"ѩޱ顣
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"ã"ɴŮӵһЦѩ۵ʶ
ɴŮӵݸһСƿɢˡ
ʹã·߶ǻܣ綯˺ܴ̽ˮʹ⼸Ҫ·һݳɽ࣬뾩󣬻Ҫƹһιٵ˵ٵԱĵ·ȫ뾩Ĺٵȴ𴦲ͬΪشУϡ٣·ģҹ󣬾Ӷӡ
һ·۶ȥȥʱȴǳˡ·ʬ壬ˮӵڵϣϡ
дŨĶͷŵϵʬ壬ЩˣЩңֻɫϣźѪʳָմ˺ѪţϣĳԴЩѪ
"гۣȴˣĪЩǿɵģ"üͷĴһѰټһ˵
"Ǳģȴǵ˽ٵģ"Ӧ̾˿ѩȻҲôֶμ޻ˡ
ɫ΢΢ף
Զ϶ĽײһݲöӴ⣬һۣбȥ
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ֻʶģѩлһʮҵĿӣɫĳۣһɫ壡һӣŶ룬ŭ
ѩǺӴòɿѩ书ǲӽҲܾ˲£һʱֲʤ
Ҳֹۣƺף书ȴ֮£ѹ˵ɫħ硣
սеĽɱ޹Ҳֻб֤˶ܹȫˣȴ̫һԸνִ˲þԷ·ʶҪɱڵģѩһʲôͲԥҪøɾġ
Ū飬⹥ˣȴǧһ֮ջӽȥһ̴ӵĺѪƿնͫ׿ĵµȥ
"󲮣"ߵٸ½޺ǵصӱܹȥ
ٽٸȥȴ£ôû뵽ɱ˾ǳ˷
"Ƹ"һȻ
һƵԼԼѲʹ޵ٸδѽżһζֻٸҽһҲʧȥ֪
ʱ˵ĺɫõľ£Զȥˡ
нٸѪѩ򶷵ӣٸɱˡ
ٸƸĴС㣬Ƹ&39;&39;飬СȾ涾ѪҺɱҲԾˣûжѪᶾж֮ܺȵѪԶʱɵһ仰ղٸ޺֮ʱݾǺڵģŻƵ
ѩΪѪס书Ҳδʧȥ۾ȴǿˣһʵϹӡ
۲в·Ҳʹչӣ֪Ϊʧζѣ
İ飬Ҫˣѡ뿪ȫѩ
Ϲӵ֮·ߣǶ²һƱ˶ĵطߣȴҲ˵Ӧοˡ
ʤദһֱɽߣ·ɼҩΪȴҲϰˣϹΨһĺôʤڳˣټ̤ɽЩ֮ʱŤתǬЩ޻δʱ֪
һãϵﾭϴҲ࣬ȴǱȻˣдⲻ˻ᱻһЩ֦ס·ˣ·ˡ
ÿʱ򣬿ڴִϱĿ񣬻£ıǸŮӣ
һգϡŵЩ㣬ŲζԴȥζԽԽŨдŵ̾˵ˣ֪븹лεĸо
һϤϤµĽŲжʮϣҶӡ
ЩŲǰͣ£ڴ̧ͷƾ˵Ϣ׼ȷ붢˶ӡ
"˭"һе⣡
еЩӣϰޱˣֻĴ"Ǹ"
""߽󱳵¨ɵһЩҩġ
"ţ"˵˵ͷ˰̣˷Ը"ȥɽ°еĴȴȥׯ"˵꣬㲻ɷ˵קɽ
ҲգȥǸвסһ·Թ˵
ԭɣǱɽׯĹܼңǸĲׯɽׯׯǰӲ涾򶼽ⲻˣǡ
˲ãŵһ֬ζһŮߵǰΣ˵"ɣ˵äϹ"
"ͷʶ̣ä˲Ϲ"µ
ˣȻһЦ֪һЦɺͲٸ˵ˣޱЦϾǱһ㡣
˷УΪжׯֶ亱þ֢ҩպׯȬˡ
Ǳɽׯׯ˵ƣͬһˣɽׯҲǲ˼򵥣ׯ˸գҹܸߡ
һʣ˽ݳֵܣɽׯ˸ׯ
ʵҪߣûסֻͻȻˣ뻻һˡ-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ⷬд治ģ棬ֻˣղ





034   Ķ

һѺԵЩΣ˰ţŲ衣
޼üĿ󣬼û˿ڣЦͷҽˣ
޼Ļѩһ˿ݣӡ
УʲôӣҶ̸ѵˮɨһѩ
ȻǶˣǾںŰɣҶ˵꣬˪ȻһЦ֪˪ϲʲôĲˣ
ԣ˱鲻ͬЩȻ
죬ֻ죬ؿŶҶʵôң
⺢ӣϲʲô˵ҶվߵߣɫĳЦ룬֪˪ͷʲôо
ϲͷ𣿡￴ŶҶгε۾ΪλûԵĽϲԼͷ
YYеĶҶܵĵ˵ͷһ
в֪ζԭϲľ˪е˵˪ʹˣ
˪ɣҶסˣں֪ⶭҶ䲻ʲôɰȴҲʧΪһˣۼ֮¶ԼΪܾȣö⣬ǰһҲصޣԼֵᡣ
һߵѩҶʱ˷ּҪŮˣûôҪģһҪ˸Ů˾ȻԱüȥģ޼治һû۹⡣
޼ûûεĺĲ裬Ա˿Ӷʱû˲ˮƻյĴƽϲ裡
Ҷ˪Ļش䲻⣬ȴǹЦȥԸţ߳˴
ҶһߣһǸѩ̺򣬼ͷ
㣡ӱסҶ䡣
ҶεҪ㣬Ҳǣ
Դ˻ᣬֽЦ㡱
ҶЩֱĶͷɣôôУ
㣬һ󣿡ﹴסҶ⣬΢΢ҧź촽ʲô֮¡
ֱ˵ɣ⺢Ӻ˵ɰĶ˭ҶҲ⣬еһŮڶ
ͷøˣ֨ˣ
ҵʲôأҶʧЦ۹ⴥĶȻԭ˳Եģ
ǶǴӦŶЦøˡ
Ҷ˵ͷȴǺܸˣǸαװԼˣгζˣҲìˣѵԼǳĿŹģ
㣬ʮ첻¸ˣǰȥǼңĲ޲ڣһһ۵Ļȥ¡
Ȼ͸ѧˣҲʣģ
ţ׶˵ĺóԣ
ŶͶɣô̺ˣŲϣأҶ߷ߵ룬Ǯ˳ʲôóԵûУ
ЩӸ֣Ҷվűߣ֡
Ưɰĺ䣬¶ѩ׵֣Ҷһ̾ˣ޶ȥʮָմˮĴҹ㣬Ȼò˵ΪİˣȲ˵óԲóԣĶ㹻ϧˡ
˻ᣬҶԼؾˣѿ˶Ų˵ȥԱڵطǰ
ˣ뿪һѽҶеļʽһʱˡ
ѩĽֱֱָŶ£㵹ڵϣ˪æʲô޼վһԣǿֵġ
Ҷ޼㲻ɫ⵽Ҷߡ
ñ£ѩüȾŭúܹ졣
⾿ôˣӢأлú˵õ赶Ū𣿡ҶڨЦ͵͵һѩǺһ۹ÿ£㲻ãǽԼϴˡ
ãǾɱѩһתҶ
ҶǱ˵Ľ۾ɵգһ£һವģٿصĲ˲
ң޼֮ͬʱҲΪҶס˽
˰Լ󣬶ҶԼӷĵ˵ҪҲ׳ʲô°
ٹʱûҩĻᡭ˪վЩɳƣɫҲ
ԣѩˣŽֶ
ŷ˵Ĳ˾綾һ߽ѩһ˵ԭ
ˣӢˣ޼ӣȡ
ǣǼӲԵ޹ʺ˵ģǵ⣡Ҷ˵
ѩɱòҩҲȻ˪˵꣬Ҷ߿
Ȼ۾ˮһƽü뼱궭Ҷȴ
ңûнҩҶЩģȴȥǿ
壡˪͵˵һﺬΡǷ½Ҫٴˣ
ߣòҩΪᣡѩ촽ЩϣЩ
ҼأҪʲô⣬ҲŹ㣡ЩˣΪǡ
ҾûȰ˾Ȼ˲˵һƲͻȻ˵ɫ׽
ǣ֣Ȼˣ𲻾ͰҩˣҶĵļֵˣҲϲǸڵϵˡ
ЦˣѾͷҲ࣡
ϴ󣡡ͻȻ֣˫ͨ졣ӭѩĿ⣬ǿҧ
û°ɣֱϲŰײײѪȾǵ㣬ҶżƣӢ
ѩİɣҾҲóҩģ˵СҰףɫϡ
ԣҲóҶס𣬰ͷѻðɵˡ
ϴã
Ⱞ޹ˣҶűԼʹ޵οš
Уֲһ䡣
仰ЦһʬΣǼ޻Ƹˮʹߣ˶ֹˣǴ󲮺ͽβǽµģЩͲ𣿡
ԭˣЩ쵰ģҪҩӦصģһȥ͵ģ
ϴһŬȡƳ˵һԾĶҩɫζģ
Ҷ¶޼ʹ˸ɫǿаѶҶ˳ȥտżšĹؽˡ
⣬ǰ㣡Ҷ𱻵ѨͥԺеʯϡ
ǲǼô˼һԣء
У㲻𣿡ҶƲ죬αѨԸɵۡ
ҲһӰˣĶҶ˵
ǲҩģ˵ӷףζû棬Ҳװ׵һ۲ԶĻݰ
¿һͥյǰûĽҩҲûҽˣ
οɱǴģʱͲֻˣ˶ҪģЦţȴëȻ





035   ʧ

Щ֣ϺһģڴԷ⣡ҶֱͦͦţɣӢ˵ģǿֻҪԼɽ⿪Ѩ
ָ˶ͷЦñȿ޻ѿҶڱ˵ģ
Ҷգգۣ˿νĵģ
ϴʵԷΪϵеµ˵ҪеСɣΪҶ͵
ȻأҶʵ
Ȼоζ½ŵ
ɶζͷѻɹҶǹģٺ٣ʲôУζ
ֻᣬԴĿ·̾˿
ϴһ㿴ģ
ãѽӢأ
ϴǸղңҰˣһʱѲˣ
ʱԼ治֮Щ˰˼ҵ˼ҵģ͸첲ˣ˵Ժ󣬿Ҫ׼ˣǧٿˣҶɳӰЦſĶ¡
ҶжǶ֪İʲôôؤˣ֪ǻᱻЦġ
ҶüëͲ٣ֻܿ˵ȴԺܷ̣㻹ʣİ㻹ûʸ֪
ƹ񣿡
һСͷӻдܳϱӡ
Դ±˾ȨؤڿԴˡ
ˣҶתתӣʵĻɶ¿ɲˣʵĻͱ֪ˣìУ
ҶΪѵӣЦùԡ
ʲô£Ҷͷ
Сͷգգۣ޹أ
⣬ðˣ˭£治¡
Уɿɶ˵԰ţǰǼðαӲƷСͷͦأܾǿӡ
ɿɶǸСɣ˭ǼðαӲƷˣһ֮òƷݣ̫ˣСһԺһδһΡ
ɿɶ˵ǰ˵ģСͷɳɷ֣˷ЩƲһҪ·ļʽ
һ治ʡģҶ˵ɽڣ
СͷӾ˲Цݿ䣬ظһֻе죡
һԵĶҲֿ˻֪ˣ˵ɽڣֻе죬Ȼײ࣬Ϊʵǰȫ˶µġ
ûüʻִӲݶܳݵСؤһſˢˢؿСͷ
Сͷ͵͵۶Ҷ˿ȵɽ¥¥
㲻¥ӦǱࡣ
ǱѨҶһͷײİﻹʲôܿԣĵģĿŵģĿģǬģʲôưŰʧʧܣ
Сͷ˵ͷȻǵİˣǲȵʺˣһӢЩܼȥҪݷ㣬лʿĻʶƵ
ⶼʲôʲôֲ֣أҶﺬỨۿҪСϪ״
СؤԺ
죡ҶҧɴĿɤܿ
ϢŭΪײβСǲżСͷ˵꣬ͷЩµһԡ
ʲô£͸Ͽ˵𿴲ȥװͰ͵ص
СͷȿСؤ⼸˵꣬ߺ˵ģЩǶġ
ģǰϢˣʱͱˣˣСؤɫЩһ۶ҶĿⱻһʱʧⲻǶ¹ǰŲһ泤һ
ͲգٹҲͳˣСͷֵƳһСؤС»Ҫ˵
ģ˴СûֿôãһǳˣһСؤż˵
һģҶʵ
ؤһŶҶȻӢ䣬Ȼ֪ǵ֡
£ˣͺȥҰɱɱܲɣҶֵˡ
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СؤĶԶҶһһȥ
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ϴǿɿɶģСͷЯĴͳһ־
СɣС֪ϼûУҶһ˼һ߽ӹ־
ʲôţҶСͷ
㣡Сͷص
ѽȵʵ
е㲻ˣߵĴҲģҲֻĽӵĸ֮ʲôʲôҲͺβã
ţˣȺͰһȥԵ㶫Ȼ¥ңûʲô⣬Ұ¾ͳȥǻϡҶݸӣûӰӺָµĴ
ϴ󣬲Ҫ˵⿪Ѩϴ֣ᱻġ
İδҶԾԾԵģ£ϴֱضɹ
޴ɶ㣬Թȫϣ˳𲻱Ůӡ
˵ʲôطأҶ˰죬ûҺõط֡
ϴˣʹ۾ʱʣ
ѽαСأԱǸΪָӵĺҶ΢΢ͷջ֣תԶЦѨ˰ɣ
ѵôĶ˵ǻϲĵͷֻǱһΣͻˡ
յѨݣҶ˵ͼһ˶߹ˡ
¸磬Ҵ绹дɩأܹסµ֣üͷСĴ
¿һ۶ҶཱུСÿָָǽյķŵɩͻȻΪҽأ
Ҫȥֻ˻ζ£¸磬ȥ
ѽֻСѣûµģƤܺ˵üͷһ¡
˶ͻƭֵŮӡҶĵذƹ
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ȻǺƽӣеƣȴβסġ
磬ɩɩû°ɣ籼ȥ
û£˪һЦ˲·Ժ￪˴ĻôĿѽ
úÿҶ鲻Եҧ𴽣ɫԵ˪
ȣû¾ͺãվĵס˶ҶԵߡ
ҶǶ˰ɣȳԷ˵Ҷһ¶µĽźվ˪ǰ
-----------------------------------------------------------------
дˣ˺üأԤ棺СҶͶ£ŵѰ֮á





036   Ѱ֮һ

ŶóԵأСֶԼĶ磬۶ŶҶĶ£ǸСӲӵģһ޵ĺĻ
ðǰѱˣ޼֣ƹˣѶҶСһʯ¡
ҶԸİʹŬ޼צӡצҲî˾ԽԽ
Ҫү㻹ǰǸҽ򸾴ɣҪҿɲұ֤¥Ĳˮͷ˵ŶҶаܴӡ
ҳߣòã޼ʹսǰ۵Ķ䣬öҶ
ÿƤճȭҪѰȥˡ
𣬲ҪҶǷɹȥסǸѩѾͷģԸӲʩԼߵˣֻġ
үˣȥȥģҶ§סܽ𣬵ɵ۾ɳȥˣĺӣۿֻˣܲ
ǰ֮ܳ죬ʹζ˻ᣬҲ˳˶Ҷ⣬վŻظˡ
ﲻĿĿⲻԼϵĶ£ҧŴߵˮһ
ѽ벻סأҶЦüֵˮϿһֱиͣ
Ҷ˫һ̯Ӧŭ⡣˪ǰһվε˵ԼѴҽæʧ˵İеӡĪַǳ˵Ϊʧ˿϶⣬ν඼˲˵ȵȣһҽڲ࣬ǱȻˡ
ﵥĵõ˶ҶͶãҲͲԼ磬ӶذŶҶձ۰Լĸ硣
˪һĿ࣬˼룬˺ѵ飬˶Ҷÿ֪ĴųԵӣ󣬵вõĿ֣ΪѵĴӦˡ
˪ʵ˿ģӲģʱʱ˺֮ʱǻġ
ȫȫı̼ˣӿ޼ŶҶʼһ¸ûûˡ˭ȥǻƵİӲϹʹĹȾǸôԭұ䱾ĴݲֱѪܣǸ˾ȻӶһҡ˵ã
޼붭Ҷν˦ߵøɸɴ࣬ǱŽ޵ѩĲһġս󣬶ҶܹϷˡ
һٴúӢҲˣһɧͱҶȥԷˡ
˪Ҷ˪ԼϢһ£ҵȻ
Ǵ˸Ȼҧأί߳ŭĸڶҶ󡣽еôȣ˪Ҳеģ
Ҷ뵽пСɸ־дĶú˸ţĵĻͷǶ£Ҹȥˣ˵ֿ꣬첽Լȥ
һǻŭĶ£Ҷ˪ǿˣɫ࣬룬ԼˣһüһסҶε°͸ڶҶϣҶҲòã
ҶһһƬ磬ĻůôָоһǱɫˣҶܿɳܵˣµֱݺһܺͲ֣Ӱ֯󣡡
ͣ΢ЦҲգ
ֶŵģͿ֣ҶһһЩ飬ԶԽԽˣ׵Դ׵ĵزѵˮﻨŮˣ
Ҷ־ƽչϣӹµݹˮСĵĽ棬Ⱦİ־Գ֣˿ּɫҲıó
Ҷʿˮ㶵ߡ
½ü־նС̳ֱ־˻ңתߵҶǰʧ˻ǵ˶§뻳СҶûµģأ
ССһ·ϼ;һֱؤʧٵ££ÿʮʧ٣Ѵﵽҡ
Ҷ˵Ĳһʱ˼عʱԼȺĶһƬããȻ̧ͷ϶ģ飬춼ԹԭԼأңû³ô߸Ҷת۵żĶӡ
ԺһԣҶ˺ЩӵСǹϳˡǹߣСǹ緹Сһ˷ܵͿͷСͷһǲǺܿЦܼ޸ǸԼһ﹩ˣ᲻Ҹ
Сǹ¶ɭɭ˶Ҷһۣͷ͡
겻֪ζ㻹СҶЩɵɻ˵꣬һһĬ
˻ᣬСǹǵŶҶֱ
ҶˣٺЦ㳤ͺˣñˣ
Сǹ֪˵˼Ҳ뵽Լһ쳤б乬ΣεСԴƨƨߵĸڶҶߡ
ԺУڵˣ
ҶֻȥΪڳ϶߰ʲôģ
ƽµϴСȥȥ
Ҷ˵ʲôСֻǳ񹷰ˣоȮû棡
ҲˣѾͷòӺţֹӦˡ
ҶǣСǹԱ߸죬Ż谭ͨˮ˻һ·ȥˡ
ʱ̫Щƫˣѹ콥ˣһ·ϲҶһأΪ
һȥѰƽʱùĶĺƣ˸󶴣Ƿϵûббһ״򲻶ĴЦ֪ǺηʥЦøշƵġ
һһֻ룬ɵصݸҶ
ҶӹСǹǰţȻŵһߡ
Сǹ·ҶСǹСǹСǰ
ģ˪Զ˵Щζ
ѷڶҶϵĿջأϸĹ۲ѵ飬˪Щ͵˼һ򶨵ҲЩţæ˪ܱģԣܱģ
˪üЦ⡣
߰ɣ¼˪̵Ц⣬ԼЩС֮ĶȾ֮˲˴Ƭǰûͷ˿ӿ첽
Ҷͷº˪˺ôһξ롣

ĥĥĸɢĻԺͲȱݴˣ㲻֪ڰʽת˳ܸرչˣҲǿвŻķϣ㻹治̧֪٣鶼Щÿ˯̫ɹƨ˲Ҷû˵㣡
ͰһǺãܲŵˢˢضԶעĿ˵ҵĶӺиԣӲڶСѪ֮ƵĶүû־̣
Ҳǵ̫̼¾ԼˣҶôӡͣסŲĶ
һԵ˪ճȭ߿˿ȣ˵һߣҲһǲҪŲźã
㣬㻹ק㣡ǲģҲԼżǰû󣬵Ϊһ֮ѹ̫ˣԶ¾͵ùˣ˭Դ˶أ
Сǹܲĸǲǹ˻˼ǸͶҶƵġ
ɣ㣡Ҷ΢΢ͷһ˪ԼΪĺǻˣһǸ˾ǻˣȽеºٿǶŮ˽ɡ
Ҳǲأ´ͳһѥӡڵҶҳǺܶ࣡
Ҷ̧ͷ˿죬̫Ҫȥˣûһͷüͷε£̫ɽˣ





037   Ѱ֮

СǹͻȻǷʲôƵģ
Ҷæ˹ȥ
ԭǰ䣬ѿɫ
ǰģǰģһֵΧһ˰ᣬͼæغ
°ɣһʵʮСźӸɰͰ͵ŶҶ
ǰ̫һ̵ûӰԣɫĹŶҶɫΧһӽ
ϴ㿴ǻҪҪ׷ȥеĵӣĿɨ£ԪڸöãһϴġµİɣͰҲŶҶ΢죬Сһš
ɵӣȻˣҶܼѵĳ˳Ƥ¶һ˿ЦݣʵѾˣһһԤıİܰһ֪Ǹʲô
ڸңҪߵ̫ԶϵǰסҶֱۣ˽ϧɫЩ׵ĶҶ
ҲȥңҶ˵ߵСǹߡ
أң˪ùһϵİ䣬ϸĦţͻͣ˶Ĵָһϣü𣬴ݵ˵壬
˿̴ҶڸĲݶϸѰ˿ҶСǹԶһ㡣
ߵ˪ߣ˪ָգΪ̫࣬ǶˡѪ
˪ͷ壬㶨Щʲôɣ
΢紵˿ɫķ˿ɢ䵽˪ϣţ῿¼ϡ֮䲻Ҫ
һһڰĺɫУ쳣Ŀ
˪֪ɫħйأȻ˴ε࣬ԲܰѸϵҡ
Ϊѣ˪̾ϢתĿ˻ᣬȻ˵̤ſʼѾˣѩģ
ģﺬϲãӴԺֿϵرûûεĴˡ
˪һЦڿԷ°ˡ

˰𺳵ؼֱ֣ջس˵·ȥˡ
㶪Ĺӣµűߣݿֱ졣
Χ˹ȥһΪǰȴչȥҲȥˣϣ³
Ҷû˵ֻתʱ˷ֱӡ
ҶСǹκκ˪վһ´ѪĶ
ùͷѣųûã죬ε˵
ͷҶĿ𼱻ǵظæܹȥץڣһѰɭɭĹͷּһӣһϸϸҿ˻عͷЩϧûж߱ʲôģ
һˣСǹҲϲֹͷȤأ
Ҷۼ⣬볷ʱͷһͭǮæĵļϲ̵øܾв԰ε㣬ǿ㣬µɴֱ࣬һιȥˡ
治֪ôؤģԺпˣϸĸϳȥҶһ˵һ߰öͭǮŵİС
Ϊʲô³ͭǮҪ֪ιȥѽС߰ӣЩͷԣ˺档
ţ˵ŪٽҶԲԲԴͷüͷʵûϴͷˣ
Դ˻ᣬ˵ˣһϴһͷģڻһ£
Ҷ΢΢һЦôòϴˣȻŲζˡ
һǿԷ³ҪǰȥҶϵ΢ʧٰҪ׷ˡ
ԣһͰصĵͷΪ׽ģ벻ĵôǸģ
½ЯˮңԶҶϴϴ֣
ҶҸˮĵطϴأǺܽġ
ѽȥЩõĺͳԵɣҲҪҺܾأһòˣƽҲϣҶһϴһ˵ˮҵˮ£ֱһһεĵ̧ͷֺôˮ㣬˷ѣ
Ǹ¡еö˰죬еˮȻʵļʽҶһæû
˪㿪Щ»ҩңһȥ˳պˮңܴ˵
˪ݸһЦɽϲҩֿܶ࣬ɵã
ָ¿˵˭ѽ㣿ҶצµĿһ˰죬һü겻Ҫʱˣ
汿ûУұУ´ұͳһ
Ҳ֪ϴҪɾѽʲôƵģܸ˵˵ԽԽˣѹֹ˻˵߳࣡
Ҷſָǰ˻Σ˵ò𣿸ղѽ
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¶ᣬಣһʧУȥҲԵġ
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ҶǰһӣһˮԴĵط׼һѻ
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ʦɵﲻȥѰԼĵڶѽҶĽԡ
վ˶ҶһǰۣŮ˾ͲΪ䰡ԺʦһɲҪޡ
Ҷһһףίһ飬ǻգ
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038   Ѱ֮

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039  Ѱ֮

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㲻˵ҾͲţҶӴȣ۵۽С
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һֵƽĻͷԳԵЦ
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040   Ѱ֮

ȾɫĻʣǧҶȾ˺ɫлĵһ飬һҶ׷䡣
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Ҷڵظں棬Ȼǳֹʹ裬ȴû͸·ڶˡһƨϣ˳һҲͣСǹԹСʱڻѱ˯ϢҲϢˣҸ˶У
СǹɴۣͷҧҶ£̧ͣͷĿŶҶ
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һеߣ̵ʯˮϲŭŮվһԣŭŶҶҶż̧ͷȻһЦǼҧ




041  Ѱ֮

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ҶŬٺһЦ裬УٽȪˮǺøӣ˳ʱ˼ȦվһĿתĶ£߱ߵǹȥҸط
һͣ£˪ͶҶݷ˵վһԣԥ
壬ҿǺڲݵɹ̫أ˪Ц¡
ҶҲ͵̧ͷһ˼Ŀüͷض£ʵԭ㲻񱰡ʲôԭأ
¶˾ģݺ£ЩţƨɲĶ˶һ˫޴ϥϡ
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µӣɻ֣úõģҪͷһô
Ȥ棬Ҷùٴλ˻ΣȻ·ŵһߡ
Ҷղʲôʵ
ֻһЩǶ֮£㲻Ҷܴ˦֣ЩƵ̾ϢԶŵķ磬ˡ
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ûʲôͷϹڶĻҶҶƬҶβܡ
ˣ°֣ͷָڴкܺõ㷢ͣ¡
У˸еļֻǸ̾һ°ˣôֻزȥ
һʱ˼˸Χ
ǶҶͲסȿ˿ڣǲ²Ҷˣ
ʮˣٲ޾ͳϹˣ¿˿ȣˡ
ҲҲʮ߰ˣ˪Ҳ˵
һ˵Ц̽ʮˣ
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ţҲЩˣ˪Ҳ
֪ǲţҶ˵߰Ѳ赹óİ״
ݴζűǶɫ㣬ζϺݵĲ衣
ôú𣿡Ҳ˵ģ˵ʲôš
ʵǰҺ˪ͰѲݹڸлãűȽüԶҶݸһЦ
Ҷһڣԭһ֪ˣֻԼڹΪԼжأˣҰ
УôأһΪʲôϲأԭ˵ݲ·»˻β豭īЩƤЦ⡣
ˣǳɣҶվСԺȥˡ
壬ǸŮ۴ǰįһЦĺŮѼΪޣ˭ԸЯһ
վ𣬸ס˪֣£ֻͬһ𣬷·Ⱦ޾˵ųЦݡ
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ȽæԲã˯ùòȶǼ£




042  ͽ

·Ҫ¶ɽֵʱԴӱé׿ɾĴһˣһ·ϣлܲݣҰҰѼеΣûˡ
Ǹ书ˣ£Ųۿ羰̸ЦҶǾͲˣĸں棬ûģǿá
Ǻֽеľڴڹ
СǹҶɡǡǼһıһ۲۵İǣ岻˵ԱɫģˮκƨƨߵģҶǸ޲ó⣬ĹǣٳĽ
Ϣһ°ɣҶҲ۵ðǣ˲ϵĺˮڵϡ
ϴĲ¹ǺͽⰡƽҲ£̧ɽҶ
кͽһ˵أ¶Ҫ׷ݵǰˣǰһ磬һϢɽжȪˮǰְɾÿˮҪȥϴϴС֣ĨĨС֮ġ
һֵ̰棬һֻѩСã׷֮ˡ
ʱ±ĿĶҶѣһʱŨ𡯣ŭˡۼһͰ۾úף˫ֱ󣬱µѹţŹڵϡ
򹷻ÿأҿ̵ģǳԱ˳ţȻ۸ͷˣҶü໰ƪǼһһ㶵ġ
º˪Ӱȥʲôģˮ书ݣѱվһ߽ŶӶƽ书ͻѶȺǲ
ҶϴŴͨζ߰˰˵飬˼Ӣ˲ߣ֮ǰ˵ŵԶԺ󣬲ײĲıԷӵ쾡£ԾЩʵҲûɶ¡
СЦһԻؤͷ
ôҶֲʮһͷøࡣ
ҪΪ˻㣬޷ˣСߵĵüڿˣһֱ˵һĻŮСꡣ
갡ģˣҶЦ԰ۡ
ˮβɫ˵ƾ˦ڶҶϣҶû뵽һţɴʹɢֱ
ƽˣ밢ĳ˹ȥƴǼʮˮΣȶҶЦʱƽ밢ѱסˡ
ðɽϻҶĨĨѪ˿еŭ
ˮüһ촽£ҪΪҵֻعǣ
ΪΣҶˮ߽һЦ绨
ˮμҶЦøûƵģдСģŮĪˣУתһ룬Լϴʲôûһû书ġ˶Ц·˴Ҳܷ
ŶǣǷʲôҶʵЦȥ
ֻǡһ΢΢죬Ƭ̣տڲ
ͼңСſǻС졣
Ҷһҧź촽ȺǰȥʱһƧ֮ĵĶº˪æţ״εĻгɣҲѸײڶ֮Ƹϻء
ƽЦֻһ
ˮεˣжʮһ̱ڵϣ¶׹⣬ϡ
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أһۣͦʶҶ
ҶһָˮκССˣԵǰϣ
ˣжһ˶ͻȻֵĶº˪˵
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ǷģҲôģҶĶЩԾЦתˮȥ
ҶҪˣһ̾û뵽Ů˾Ȼѧ˵ѨĻѨʹɢҪѨһЩ
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ƹȥҲúܣ˶֣ɿţֹȻץסˡ
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ӱҶԼܵһߣæֳǰƴСһϱеָۣһʵʹ𣿡
ףҶ˦֣ŭǽˣ㱻ʽ֯ˣ
ӻ䣬żӣȥӴ˺죬Ҷż˪˵仰֮⣬Ĳߣͽ⣿ҿǼŮ˾Ͳˬ͸ƨҶǾȻ˻˼Ƶġ
ˮŮ֪ǰʹʲôĸϵˣҶ֦÷˿˦˦Щҵĳ
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ҶվЦǣǼеƶѧ
תۼֵʱɽһƬϼ죬ɫΪ׳ۣ۹ȵĶҶҲ͡
ü۴ЦеԶԶҲ˼ǲԶһǿ֮Կ
ϢĵضǳޣһƬĲݵأ˵ЩƣƺһСϪ˵ˮȸԾ
ǻҪ߼գҶߣŽµĲݡ
Ҷ۽֣Ŀ𣺡ô߰˾ʮհɣһģô۵֣㶹ˮĥ¿ջˮ㲻֣NNDɵӲɣ
ǿ߰ɣˮһķָİߣֵߵߵҶ
Ҷһ䣬ɫ࣬˲˲ģҪߵΣ
ߵĵһǰ嶭Ҷ
תҶȱܣ֮ʱҲҪ8ܣ˵ܷͷΣԱ
һȺ˿û·ĵܣʧЦ
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ˣס㺹ܵһ˫ˮЦŨ
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ģС˰ɣк֮£Ҷȼ
úһССĹ;ضˡ
ҲɱʣȴΪҶҶϣ鱯׳
˪ЦҶˣЩദԽϤƺҲࡣ
ǣһ̾ûûҹĸ·ռˡССһȻ͸ˮΣ˼ˮģǰ͹̵ģ갡
ҶˣºҶתüëشҵ׷󣡡
˵£ߣŴ󣬽Ĺ۲£ëϸöûһҶ꣺˵ƽЩʲôƤ۵˱̬
ŮӭЩʧһ䣬սҶֻܸҼӣ
ŶڶɣҶ˵ĻŭţЩҲġ
Цеûﵽߣͻһ٣ֻԶϢһưֱС
£ˣҶԶ㣬Ҳ׷ȥ
Ҷ׷ˣ˪ס
ҶһıߺӰɱڣ




043   ǧ

ϴ㻹ɢ𣿡ƽ밢һҶ
ҶԽԽĺˣ˫۾Щ״ΣУ
ݺݵ˿ˮֻҩûˣɲԼҲֽҩ٣ֻܷŵˡ
ˣҶĨͷ亹ЩѾذΧϴƵĹߣóһǧˡ
˶ҶͰһֵ֮⣬ࡣ
²ɫİѶҶƵ֮ã밢һм䣬ıˮαĵƳĵֻ٣û뵽ؤ˵С֮ˣ
֣ʲôҶһӶͷڣȺ
ΧƵĺͻóһ߳һŮӣ毺õݣķ۾˵磬װź䲻ʩ죬ȴȾü졣
ɨº˪ϸΡ
ҶǰѹѹȺϢǺŮӱŽߵݣܲ
º˪˵ղ壬²
ǶҶסͷʵߺˣ
ֻǺŮ濩ֱЦǰɽ塯Ŀɿڴŷǵֵڶº˪֮ǧ˵㲻װȥˣ˱ã
ǧҶ㵣ĴΡĸϸţҹ
μǧʹں¹򣬺춯ء
ǧҪѧˮɲˣΪŮǵĲ
ңҶǺŮӿе죬ˮɲװ⡣
Ů̧ͷ̾ƮƮƮһ仰ղݼˣƤô񣡡
Ҷݿʼѹ˲ñ˿ˣܵ˵ȫûˡʮôֳǧʹ
ǧο˴󹦰ŮЩᡣ
ԵףΪʲôû˸˵һ¶һЩСţ֣Ȼɽñطɱˣؤ޼ı˽ؤʧ٣Ȼ׷Ѱˣĸڳ˴
ɫˣ±ʵ̧ͷ޹Ǵŭӡ
ô֪ҲΪģʲô취أҶʹģΨ֮ƣҲֻ˳Ӧһһ
һͷ룬ʵһ˲ɺڰס
ããã֣꼸Ѫǲ಻ʧ
壬侲һЩ˪ɺƽ֮ǵ΢ĸоĿӵĶġ
գ۲ƹݣǰΪ˽ֵ¡һλĹһĵ磬ΪѣǴǧ̶̤̼գѹ鼰¡ڶү޼֮գλүϲ϶Ѱ޶ȥؤҶҰĲؽһʧѾõţһ书Խص㲻ǱʧѾõţҲҪԽҰģ书ҪĶͷ
ϴ̫ʧˣƽͨ졣ڶҶ߳¥֮ҥԱ˵ҶΪ;񹦶ɱؤڶƣӢȻǲŵģҶȵˣһопˡ
ôʧ𣿡Ҷã
ΪȴĹΣð֮ڶ޹Ӣû㣬ԭѹ֪㾹ıƽߡ
Ҷסˣ治ɫѵЩʧٵ˶ˣ
λСֵܣô˵ǧҲΪǺãСңɾʹңмأŮЦлһ˿ơ
ǧģȻǲͬ죡Цת۶Ҷһ߹ȥҶ˷ֱŮӶȥ
Ů΢סҶǧ㼸δϴˣǵģ
ҶվȣζѬЩͷΣԭŮ˽аģļ
Ľ㣬ҲѺǣװʲôҪʲôҶƾͼƣҲŴ
Ҳǣֲ㣡ЦŤߵǰݹȥɫı촽㷢Ӣھʮ壬ʱ¹ӺŹƲ
µһЦȴ
¹Īūࣿ˫۾Ҫ
ˮǰùǰȴŲ֣˾ôţ۵Сۡ
лʢлֻһ֣㵽С
Ͷ㾡ַ绪ò֮ˣ۽Ǿôһ򣬱ʧˡ
Ҷһü˼ʲôеĻãմԽŮɣѸ䶼ô﷭ŮģǾѰˣ
Ǳ߰ɫԣ߶Ҷ⣡
ǧ߰ĻϣͷҶ˼ܲ˵ĺƾʲôôΣŮҲܹۿ˵Ͱɣ
ұۣͳǧģһΣҪǧΪʹġΪʹ
ټҶһ֣µ˵ЦòãһС˵־
¾ŵĺһɴƮƮİ̧ΣҶͷǺţֻ˰ɫɾĳۣпͷģĪǰĵã
ǧʹְ̧
μǧʹһЦҶ
ţҶ䲻ȵӦһתȥ
ɫѰҡҡλεİ˸ӰӰ´¡
ź¾ţ롣
ҶѸô󶯸ɸꣿ²ǳ֮ΣСˣҶŶ֪һЩҲãԴ򶨺һ·Ҫʡ
Цʱ鳡Ƕ¹ϣһŮҪˣһȻ鴫Ǹ˪ǿûݣ
ʹɫŮһöǼɫ͡ȻʣȴҲöҶ֪Щ飬ԭȵˣǾ˭ˣ
ǧ˵նԶ¹ҩȴδԸռˣĴĹǡ
Ҷ񺮣ռ˺òǸڷ
Ҷش𣬰һ㲻Ǳ㶾ҲˣϵȻȾָôҲһģ
ԭҲǺɫ֮ͽҶһ˵ǰʾҲúһڣʱҲǱزѵģ
ĿЦЦöҶǼɢһء




044  

˺ǽηͬˣҶڽϾͺñȷһ㣬תЩΣ÷ˣģģ˯˹ȥ
ʱȴһǿ⣬ҶۣãȻǰ
ӡǰĲǱˣǺѪİġֻòĳ˳ǰȺɫĨأعͷ˵Ҳˣ
Ҷ߳ڣܣ¾ŻˢˢվͣһٵϣǰԶɳʯڣһȺˡ
ˣҶֹ̧
ĽЦ֪Ϊʲôô˳˰ɣħˣѰı·ϵɳӻ࣬ԲСľͻᱻ̵ͷʣ
Ҷͷʵаֽһţʲô֪
ƸˣСˣ
ҶȴˣС鷳ˣ
Ȼֱֻ۲һɴɫȹĶҲһ£ӿɥš
ǧʹɫ԰ףŴ꣬еĺһյöҶججôˣôֻǶ̶̼գͱʮĳħͷˣ
Сڸı⣬һ˽պ󣬽ֻҲƸƬ˿һһ۶ҶһЦ
ߣЦԳ˸͵ƸǴŴɣеģ
Ǵʦ֮ǰҲ˵ģҡҡͷһ̾
·ֻʤЦ߿ޣʤδزѪҲδѪѪ̳ɵ·仰Ҳʵ
ΣҶǲġ
ģ⺢ãƳһۣת۾뿴˵ĻҲʮҲװ飬Ӳ˵һĻҲֻ⸱Ƥҡ
߽ӣָǲɴȻץ
ҽУѪϮȾ峿磬ţѵꡣԶһֺůأȴΨ̳ɱĲ̫ġ
»ؽΣ̧ͷǱصĺ죬ŮǵЦѪĽˣȾһѪĺӡ
⺢ӣôãΪʲôûѧ̰ʱֻһͷŤתǬ
ǧնݳ⻰㲻᲻װɣ
ҶͷȻҳе
̧𣬿ƬѪص·Ȼǰȥ
ǸطʲôطǸʲôˣɱһȿˮô򵥣ֻ˾ɱˣֻ޼˶Ҫְɣ
죬;Ϣ˼ΣһֱҶˮɺԵĴϵΣ˵ᡣ
յ糿ǵһɽϣԱǶ£ף۵ǰ´Ҷץأ·˶˽ϣȥɣɲṦ
ǧǱȱṦΣߵ±ߣҶʾ⡣
߶Ҷ˼·һ£һԵ𣬱Сϣ
⺢ӻûأҾͺŽȥɣŮ˻ûûˡ
Ҷľܾ˰ݱŷ￴ˣ书Ҷ֪ģǰ棬ԹޣҲ˵ֻ䵭Ӧжȥˡ
⣬ƮƮطȥҶһҲ˵ס
һԵͻȻǧʹṦ˵ã˷ʹӣպ¶ˣ
ṴĴǣöҶ̧һѵͷҲЩʱˣ书Ҳ֪ЩȴԼŲɣѲⰡ
ţŰɣ
˹ȵףĺ¾һգҲûӰҶӽ߳󣬸ʯͷ̳ɵ·ǰȥʯͷСʯ̳ɵģʯͷձ飬Ŀɼ
һ󣬶Ҷǰһһֻǰʮ·ÿһͨһڡ
Ǻڣȣ̣࣬ƣϣмȴɫͬУ쳣Ŀ
̧ͷһϣȾȺ죬˴ĵ׸еëȻ
ǧʹ룡һڣƫбָС
ҶĿǵм֮еһȥ
ŶҶӰ΢΢һЦŮӵͦ
˶ҶķѿһˣҲ˴ȥһطˡ
ÿһľͿһ£֪ǰʲôлѣ԰ɫ
ʮǰ׹Ҷ΢΢һ£ĨĨ亹
ˣ
Ҷ̤ڣһϲĺҶǰһԭһʮҵĹɫȹһɫգǡôĳгģԲԲмŵȸߣ۾
󣬻վʮɫȹ㵭ţഺЦݡ
ӭʮ΢΢
ãҶͷЦſŮ
ӿˣӴչЦݴ⣬װġ
ӣҶˣҪԶҶĵһů⺢ӿúܣҲʱķ˾֮ġ
һЦﻹǲԵģ׼ˮϴɾٳԸ첻Ǹã
ˣ𣿹ӻֻȸߴߴغò졣
˱˳ħȵĵطȻŮҶԽԽ
һ԰䣬һЩֵͻİСһɫǲȵͷֻ죬Ǻ֦ҶȵĸˮϣҶ˾ЩƯĶаܵ죬ȾҲͬӲ˳ĺ;
ķӲשһɫ¥
ߵĲ㣬ݶ׶ɼϵв̬ͬ򺬰ţӰŭš䲻ͬ侫¡
˵ʳ⣬Ҳɾ񣬹գ¥ýɣٴΰѶҶѬûл㱣Ʒζر˲ȥʮͻȻȼϧĸо
ţѽڻˣҶ̾һĵЦݡ
ĿŶҶЦʱҶԵһͿ˵ѹӣûпϵģ
ӣղ㱾ԻˣҶѿڶ΢΢һԼϾǼٻСΪã





045   ֮һ

¥ϵװλöҶԾΣ˿ʣ̨໨Ÿղɻ֪Сɢһɵ㡣
⻨㣡Ҷ˵
еˮأ˲ˢףֻһƽĴ֪عȣģ
˭ҶеʺԽԽֲ࣬ŴϢֻǵ˵ͷ
ﲻᡮҰջһ𴺾ͲȻŭô˷Ӳ࿴˶Ҷۡ
ϴԡˬϲŵĺŵ㣬ټϰŵĸɫ༫ѵĵģҶãԼյصΣʶӵˡ
Ҷڴ֮ʱͻ¥˵˵ǴⴺǸҶ붼ûӽ¥ˡ
ﰲã۵һüĿСϸöҶ뵽̫࣬ϸۣ°͸ɾӿ϶֮ǰĲ²⡣
ҶŹ֣ɫЩȻǿЦҼҹȥȲ裡
ӣǸеˣҶҹȥɣˣ˯һ˵˵ֱ꣬¥Ĺ뷿ȥˡ¥˯¥ͦġ
ҶˣȴҲֲ֣ǰʮҲͦˣƵİɣЩϰΪˡ
ӣȻȥӻˣӺ˼䣬Ҳͻˡ
Ҷš֨֨ѽѽʧ󣬴ӱͷ߽˵㵽ʱң
ӹΪҶӣ̲סʣǰǺᴺвŮŮ
ɶԭСѽҶһǣסǾȵĴۣٺٵЦɮ濴ҲBL
࣡šüͷƲС¥
ҶӶӣҪôѩҲҹ㲻ؾǣ
ۣȴշת࣬þδ˯һƬͷҶڷȥĺ˼롣
һߣº˪ְҹڰĽų̵ҹ
ڼ磬ǸҶΪص鱨С
СڶҶǰԶڿҿҵĺԱɵ˱ȴСһԣֻͷִֹ
˿̣üëһƴڲϣǲ˲أһ졣
СȻ΢ȴȻֻۣϴġ
ǰˣɣŶȣģȴƳһС
СһָߺѪˣϴôȵʹʦ֣ôɱ
Сһʱŭ֪˵ڵóԼһơ
ɫħһޱȣޱȣݶޱȵŮ
´Сһַͷβ
Ǿ˵ѾͷΪӪϹŨü΢þδϡ
ԣжʲô᣿һֱĬ˪ҡҡͷûɵζҶĬԼҲ޷͡
ţҾ˪˵öԣҶȻԸЩ䣬̹°һӣ̸һԼµˡ˵ǿЦôûɫħ˱仯ǻѱ̨
СĲҲûеģʲôˣҲʲôصӺŷǣֻϴģʲôаֹʲô£ؤʱҲûõЩɵĺôңڽ˭ܲմأ֪Խ࣬ԽƷƣ
С֪ĶǰɣСûܽһƨڵϡ
ʲôˣСæչȥļʵ
Сָָ
󣬸һˣһ˫˻ǵһۣһߵƤң
»վɫ㣡ĸ磬Ԫ
ԪףתСԸСţûҵķԸκ˲ɽӽ˵أ򡭡һͻһУ⡣
СС໥һۣС˳ȥ
ĸ˼򵥵ʺ˼䣬Χߡ
ҶʮһˣˣԪһЦŵĿɬЯĳνУóһ
չʱºͬʱ۾
ǶҶڼʱģʱ޼ɵ˵Ǹе
ȻرֻǼ򵥵ʣǻ˵ȴúܵλ
³ǣƤ˪Ǳ߷˷Ǹϲۣò˪ԽԽǸŮˣ̫ˣȻû
ף˪ͱȽǷˣָŻˣƵɵЦ
ң˪ͷϿƮʺš
ŹӣҶˣԪ˵ֿ꣬ٵĲһ䣺ģ˪΢죬Ĭ
Ůģɬֹ
ҪЩԱд֣ԪָŻ֡
ŶӢϧϽңָָģ۾һȥ
Ԫݸ۳̾ĻЩţģ
ԪظУס˺˶ţ۾գһ¡
˵ǽʬ꣡Ԫظ
ͬʱ˿˿ʿɫǲмȻǸš============================================================
ٵˣЩȡǧ





046  ֮

ǲţԪüͷһ۶һУǽ
վ˼˼˼־Ԫ˵Ļţһʧôʲôǵãǲǵüˣ
ʮ޼ˣʵ
ʮӽ޼ĿĵģʲôĿģֻ֪ˣԪЦ˼صһǰİ˵
ǵ³ˣ캮ضģҴţȻطһεҵǰ԰ѪСյ˫ۣľǿţֱ۴ѱѪȾʪһƬҰݣΪֹѪ⺢졣糿ΪҩʱҪȥһֻСסҵ̧֣ȥһ˫ǳӣ峺ƺﶼȻʧɫ
Ҿþò΢΢Ҷˣ
Ҷ࣬ӹе룬һС಻һĸУݸңգգۣһ򴽣ЦˡһЦ·ķѩĪļִŵϲá
ÿ궬صСݡȥ꣬Ӧҵ޵ģվûɽӣǸհޱȣ绪ŮӣȴĿӣţ书ϣ¡ʲֻƬȻʮǻŵġ
գ·˵ӣȻǿԸЩˣҼѴ֮ЩǿеĵҽºǺ󣬻ͷͼʮ˵ǶҶ
۾峺ɷҷˡֻôϤЩΥᣬǾۺİ
Ц˵λŮǻĸɽϵģ
ҿЦãͷ˿Լһһߵĺ£ȷʵŮӵɡ
Ҳ˵ǿͷ
һȻԭֻȺ󱲵ӴܵıӰҵǵͷĿʱһ˿ңϣֻǹ׽Ūţ⺢ӹ龫ֹˡ
ֳĬСһƲμôק۵ķϣͲƽˣһɣԺ
ҿԾܾκˣΨԣҵ˵ͷʱҳڼϲУʧ£ֻЩᣬʧΪΪҿңңΪҵޡ
ڳ˵뷨Ծ˼ʱղѣԽԽԶȴΪ⺢ӺܴȴҲģڿĽ㣬ͬͬߣȴûֹҲֳĲס
Ұؤƹ¥Ųɣʵÿһ˶һһѡ֮󣬾Ͳȥ뱳⵵¶ĳҲȱ㡣
ʮȫǲͬˣֻˣϰˣ
Ԫ˵꣬ŴþδƺյУۻɬ
Ƿʧ䣬ڶҪ±Щ겻Ŀ϶˶Ҷʬº󣬱øӵ޴롣հڿǧʹ֮ǰļƻˣʱһ߿ҶҲֻΪʧˮ㣬ԱӦͣ𡣿ͻȻã̫ðˣöҶװûʧ䣬ֱ˵ʧ˻ãĻҶ̫ˡ
ѽֻʧ˵ãҲƽϣһǰԼʮǵĻһʦֲɽ¶ˮŹ֣Ҳѵõ
ҵȲʮˣҾͽȥǰšüüǰûڣգƴҲҪߵģ뿪ӣоʲô꣬ʲôʳѰûյĳΣ˺Ľֵ̶Ѩ˵ף˽
ȥ˪ÿĴĶ˶Զµ˵ͷ漴΢΢ͷ£һ۷͵һģΣա
Ҷվ˯ˣʱҹĻĺϡڵ磬ּϴ˵λڹȵףʪأڱӵã˱ӱúϮ
ˣͷר廨æһɫ磬Ҷϡ
Ҳ𣿡ҶֵΪβټԼ롣ȥԷǸνĴȤʵܼ򵥣뿴ŴѼӡ
Ƕ𣿴ʱãΪϴӱϸϸ˵˵ΪҶ硣
ҶžЩβɨü촽ϵһɫķʮＫɫմߵĶòˡ
ɫ黨£ɫȹϵŴɫƼ򵥵ȴ¡Ҷ̾һȻɫϵĶԼҲϲһɫΪ̫Ǹˣֲûζ
ŶҶԭ߽ʱǸص˳ȥɫʯ·ͨĶڡ
Ҷ߱в꣬鷳ˣԸô¡ڰߵʱϳȥʮĵ̻Ѿ߹հġ
Ҷ˵صʱߺⴺĵ̿ǲһ㣬Ȼһ֣һϹҵĲǵ貵ҹ顣
еĵȻʧɫض磬ĴڶҶ
ȻԺеĲü򵥣ҹҲ̧˴˵صۣŴһ㶼õ͵ҹǼݳ޵ģִֻлܹܣҶڼס޼õҲֻǹưˡ
֣ɫʯ·ϣҶжɫʯĳ嶯ʲôȾģôá
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ǺשɵĶ¥ϣһ˽ͤͤһҲɫ·ˡ
ǰ붭Ҷ¥Цӭ
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룡΢΢õҶ
Ҷ˼ͷվԭز㲻
ҲӦ˶ҶĪţֻǵЦһǲã˭˲֪粻ϲڳǹء
¥ϵˣͣҡȵ֣ɫһ£૵ˡ
Ҷϵ¥ȴСᴵƮƮȻɫӺţһֻֽС
˵£Ҷ磬ǼһһӴŨüҲΡ
ڶҶһЦ֮ʱת
˵ҹ龧Ө͸֮һȴҲ˵ľոȥ
òǰģҶһǶ£Ԫ˪
˽üչɫЦ⣬һƳ紺档
ǧʹȱǲıϣͻԾЦǸ˳֮Ϊǧʹˣ
˲ãһһڣҶYYʱҷ˵ŮӣŤŤָöҶǳ˺ü£û˵
ŤҶ֡
ָҶϰջطŵ
ҲգǻʧɫˬһЦﻹ¡ұΪ
ҶΪʲô
üЦ̤Ҵҵ⣬ʵôҺ˼밡
˼ʲôʲôֻǶˣҶǳ񣬱رŤԼοһ
ˣʣɫʡ
΢öҶ뵽˶һֽͣмšԸѣôôжҲʵܡ
ҲˣЦЦ£̧ʾⶭҶ
ҶĬȻܲ˵˵ߡ
һȣｹģǳˡһɽ亣ζƼУҶȻͿֻȡ
ſͱͱ׷ɨһϵʳҲǼȡ
һԵһҲδ붭Ҷֱת䵽С
Ϊ˾ƣ۶Ҷ΢Ц̧ǼЮȥ
ҶһצӲҪȹȥһץһͣռΪСǣԣ¶ڶ˵ǺΣյġ
Ŀһգȵ˶Ҷ
ˣҶдϲҲûǰųˡ̫ˣǺǣ־ȣ͡
ԣҲ̫ӣ˵ľǶҶˣǵСžţ̾Ūȥְϻĸֻ֣ˡ
˵Ǵ¶ЦݣɫӶ˼⣬ʱḡӡ
û뵽ﵹÿθͦãҡȣٱһڡ
Ҷһ㶣ӶڶˣôôСģʳʳ㣬ӲˣҲּԽĹҪˡ
ܵûŰɣȻʮΪʲôҪθڲãϣ¶ڲҪ¶̫ࡣ
ǰ⾵ҲǾȡϧҡҡͷĵɨ۶Ҷ
⾵˭Ҷи߸ʺּһеļζԽԽ
վͳˣʱﶨܸ˵ģһתüҴ飬˵




047  ֮

ҶͷƤЦⲻЦ
˵Ϊҵ¾ϵı֡
ɶҶۣ¾ӵ£̧һپƱһڡ
ŶҶãȻı飬Ц
˵Ƕг̣ɫ֮ˣʮ壬Բ֮ҹ磬ʱҲйĸһǵġݡ
еľ˳ҶǺƵʹĿ˼£ʵ˵Ƕº˪TMBLˣҪѧ˼ҽݲءʮɵʲô¶
Ҷ˷úõӣɣڳʲôˣвŮŮģǡ
ĺ֮˪ҹ֮£ƫ£ʶ˵¾˸
񾭣Ҷ߷߲ƽ
ҲǹϾʱȻ֪
ŶǻָҶͷ飬ʹࡣ
ٻ֮ˮӻ٣
ҶԣЩ˼㱣΢΢Ӻһѣʯʣûģһж̫ˣֻડһ죬ĳ˳ɹĵڵأͷײذϣʹðǣɴ˫ĿһգװˣⷹҲԲˡ
ٲȻһ²ؼģҶ˹ȥҲţ˹ߵ̨ͤߣĶ¥µ˵ҹϲˣ˵꣬عͷҡſŶҶյӣǻһ˿Ц

һں󣬶Ҷڻص¥˯Ĵϡ
ΪͿҩƣĵһȻΣȴۡ
ӡҶֱڴѹԴܵý
ˣǰǡóˣһʱҲҲӿɼˣСѾͷ漱ˣҶüͷҲչ
ҶֻñǸһЦ
ôˤڵأߣڵӳɻ󣬾ˤˣҲε
Ҷ󾽣Ѱ˼Ƭ̣װѹֻ⾵ԲСİѵӵˣҲֻܴ̽һЩϢˡ
ӹȻɫ߿˿ҲǾðȫˣߣСĴյҶߵ⾵ﱻˣаˡ
⾵ǺҲƾоʮĹϵһ㣬ǸĶ⾵
Ǳչ𣿡ʵ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ˵һЩ˵ģ⾵ﱻغϽͳʹ
֪Ҳ࣬ӣ⾵ҪҪأ˲ӶԼ𣿵ʣ־òȫ
֪⾵Ӿڲµʱ򣬹ҪײϵģѹֹˤˣԭΪ⾵
ӿĵģжҶģ⾵ʮϵȻһ㡣
ţãҶ˵㣺ӣҲȥϢɣ
ȴܲԸԹӲãӻԱչűȽϰģ
ӣҲĲⲻǰ뵽أ
һҧʲôΪӲ֪˯ˣȻ󡭡Ȼȥ⾵
⣿Ҷ˿ͼ
ҶĬӱ㵱ǳˣȦһ죬ӣ޵˹ִѵǵһξΪײ˹ûء
ҶͷֲʮǵãѾͷ޵滨ģΪʮο¡
˿ߣֲָײ֪ǲȥǲеģȻˣܵ취ȥɡҶ§סӣѨȴʵ˵ִҪȥôӶҪԣ̤ҵʬȥ
вͷѾͷӺݣҶֻϲ߷ֲ˵ͷ˴·Ȼ֮ãҲԼ¶˷־
νҹ·شҹ£ԶҶҲףӸԴ˺ɫľװ
ӼҶھǰ͹ģǰʵ
Ҷתʱŵú
Լɺ̿
һīˮĶҶһЦ¶İҾãҲ±˳Ƥ¶ţ
˻ᣬҲʰԼ˺
˳¥ֱȵġΡȥ
ηĵطǺɫʯ·ͨĶڡ
ҶӹʵʲôҲûֻǿƽʱļ˶
ڵĻѱͨ٣ԿȽϰºڶƽС·˶Ҷۡ
ǰҶϺ󣬺һವģ΢΢͹Ĵʹϲ˯Ҫҹ̽ηǱ
ͨߣΪǰͨǰ߻Ҷ⡣û˿أԾͷʹ
·ߣӵЩҲԽԽ١
Ҷ϶ں£ѾͷҲǵһ
أԾĻӰӰ´£ҶļҲ΢΢ˡ
۾Щɵʵ˵ֻһͨεģͨģ𣿡
ҶŶҹֻСرļ
ӸߣСѾͷҧŴ˵öҶ𡮷ˮ׳ʿһȥⲻš
Ҷûǣӵ֣ԥŤͷתߡ
Ӷ˶ƤȴûʳŶҶԭ·ء
谵ͨﴫһ̾ĵģģһֲ״ζ
Ҷëһ磬ӷɿܡ
ãӵľ
ϵĺҶͻͻץӵ֣һͷҲ֡
оڿԼȴһֻס֣ǺһֱŵףҶ˿˵㣡бָˣռ
ЦˣƸԵɤ˿û֮ǰļ
ҶͷײһߣЩ¾ŵһֻ۾ˣ纣
Ҷٴʵ
Ⱳӵĳ裡䣬ҲϬ
ҶŴ۾ǽʲô
һ٣򶴱ȼյĻѣ˰ᣬתͷ˵ˣ
ŶһйµˣҶ΢΢ͷѰӡ
СѾͷҵˣ£˵




048  ֮

ҹ˾¸ߴȽơľš
±ˣһһףںаҹ쳣Ŀ
˰ɣǰ̤һһЩʯɳɳ£˲û
šӦþڹȵףǰӾ֣䵲ס˷磬ȼ˻ӣӳ貵ӣꡣ
óȵĵͼϸһ£̧ͷһԵ˪˵ͼ˵ʮڣڣȣƣ̣ϣ죬лɫӡ
мɫĶڣӦһģ˪˵꣬ͻסüˣ
Ƭ̺󣬴Ů˵˵Ҳ
˶ɫȹԼʮҵ͡һһһһ
ŵŮԵȣԳԵЦ˵ջ˵Ȥ¸
лʲôȤ£
Ůͣ£Ȼ¥ӿ
ðŮӽŵǧʹ
ţȻȥ봺һͬţ˵ϡ治ϡ棿õŮӸɴ±߲Զĵϣ̧ߵȻߵŮҲ¡
ǰƵߵģżˣҲġ
ǾǣӦ磬ɰʹˣ
ǿȥɡʹͷϣֻȥˣǳðŮӼæɫš
㼱һû˵أڵϵŮֵ
ֲǲ֪ʹ뵽ʲôŮͻȻɫԼ԰ס
ûϢ³ڵϵŮһ۵ͷŮӣȶ˼ǰķ˿ţǳ֮ΣǧʹڵĻܵóһֻṴ˵ɧˣ
ݣ⻰ҪǱȥҿ»ˣ
ݵĶ˵ҪǴǧʹǸãʱǧʹԺˣЩѾͷԴӽ˹ȣͷëһߵ䣬ֱ˺ۣۼԺĸѾͷûĶ򣬾ǧʹȥǶʱ䣬ֻһѾͷ˻˵ʹӵˤ£ʹȥֲڹУӼȹϵϡͣ¡
ǧʹţ
ݷӣ˵ǧʹ书ǿˤڵ϶ѣԲѣǴֽţ
ݣ²˵ġǻǻȥɣ
Ůʧڶ±ߣһָֻ
ȵṦ˪˵ߵˡ
ҺҶؿڶһ޵ԼǸҹڷߵӡ
ǸҶ˵̽ĺӡԣûҲûǵҹ£ţõ˴˵ĺƽġ
ܵиƺɣҶ˵
תȻߣҹ̫ڣҶı飬Ǽǵõģһߵģ
㣬ǲܽСԣĵЩ䡣
ǰʲôҶʡ
ǵˣԽԽ
ǽôҶЩˡ
ҶܸоůůϢ˴ԼϣüŬ죺̫
Ҷȷʵ鲻ôã°ߵĻ龰ʱҲѹģΪûĵİǰҲãҲá
Ҳ
ͷҶҲ£۾ͷϵգʲôºڷߵ˵Ĵ⣬ǿ¡
ͷͷڶҶߣò˵ġ
ҳ鰡㣡Ҷһ߹ȥ
Ҳ߹һţûôҶ߹ȥ߹˷ȥˣҶͿʼˡ
㷳ʧ˶ѣ˺ܲͷ
ʧ䣡ֻǽʬꡣ
ǲʧ䣬ǹˣꡣ
ҶһĨᣬʵô֪
ʧˣһ
ҶץץֻץǸ˲ˡĵĵߣӻ䲻һƬƲʣ˵ľˣЦˮߡ
һˣƵڶ
ȥˣ
㣡ݹһֻļȡ
Ҷӹţһҧȥ
ǵðˣѹɣͻȻʵСġ
ûʧ䣡Ҷ¼⣬֨
Ӳߣͣ˻˵ʧ˱ȽϿɰ
Ҷ˵Ҳû˵
ԹԹ˵˵Ҷһֱû졣
˵ǲǵðǰ㿴ƤһƵߣʵڶ㲻ˣƤһǺˮް㡣ȴǹ㲻ڶ֪ΪʲôҼѪˣҲĵˡΪʲôҵأұ书˽麮ůģֻ㰡۱˵һ˺ãô񶾵˶ѽȷʵеģǸס¥˯񴲣һɫ겻䡣
ȷʵģܱܲĳЩ˰ɣҲҰѽҲѼ˸ҲѲǵңҪ룬ˣ׶õ˴𰸣ǶðģҰúܷΪǸˣ㱻ðΪǸ˳أ˶ҸȴҪӵҸ뿪ȵʱ򣬿ǵ䣬ȴ־ڱصáǺǣڻˣ˶Ǹأȴˣ
ҶѼһףҧŴ꣬ЩʵǱΪ潵𣿡
һӦ
㣬Ȼ˵һԸ񣬵ΪһѪգ˱ƳСܣʵ̫¡
̫ˣ˵ûأ˳˵˴
Ҳһѽͱңˡ
ôô鰡ˮԱο
޵˵ҲҲޡ˵Լ˵˵һôͬܡ
̾ٴĬ
˵Ǹ⾵ô°Ҷ˽֪ʮ顣
Լľܾ
ʵѹȣзһһӽ࣬Ҳһһ磬ǰĽǲ̲Ѫģȴ浶ǹģڲϵĵǳѧʣѪܣǳʧݡ




049   ⾵֮һ

Ůӻصĵ֥ԺҲ֮ͣȻǲ֪¡
Ҷҹ˯ˣʱճɽϸһɫ磬Ѳ֪١
ãȻĹˣȴǰ治Զɫ¥ѾͷӵָɨԺӣЦԭԼĵ̣Ҳǵģô㼸յ
ʱȵͷһǼͷҶͻȻЦˣһЦѾͷҲ˹һԳЦ໶ЦСԺϿգůůһԵá
˰ܹɫȹ׷ƣҶǰʱЦš
ҶͷѾͷЦùŹ֣ѵԼϳˣҲ벻ʲôʵ֪𣿡
ֽգЦ֪˵ˣһֻȸأ
Ժϵ㼸յưɣҶ¥
ں׷ʣǲˣ
ҶЦãʮﻹ涺
ҶϴʱˮɺӣСѾͷЦԭˡ
ԹţҶϰѣһţҪҪܴܣϤϤȥݷ˭أ֪֪ԼʧֻдһЩ黹ǿԵģּ˵ǰʮ￴Ƶߵģˣ˲ѵȥǣ
Ҷյüͷ
Ӻþûﴵˣʹһɣӵݹһ裬Ȼһ֧ڴĿŶҶ
Ҷ˵ϸеĵӣղʧûԼŵһ֧ɫѣϻżɫգɫСӡЦţҲֻԶĵʱŪŪҪŶ
˼ʮǻᴵģܵͲ˰ɣָḧŵϵļѿڣ֮ɫӣɫʵ⣬⾵Ļ鴵Ӱ
ȻҲű֪ʾ֭Ȱ֮ʱҹﱳ͵Цĺӣֱƭˡ
ɢɢİɣ
ҶãȴװεҲã
߳¥ƣһɴʱ⣬ǰһûıûйƣǸöð룬ʵʵҶЩȻ߱ӣʹԺл𣿡
ﲻʵãһҾ죬ʹκĻ÷飬˭֪ʹĺݵ˵ͽ˰÷ȥʮ壡ӷ߷߲ƽ˵ţСúͨͨġ
÷ҶૣȻɻ󣬵ȴֱӷʣֻܲװֻ˵һ롣
ţ÷ĸأ˵
ҲҲĸ󡣶Ҷдϲ˵ȥĸ󣡡û´ĻӦȵġҽݡ
ԣӺܸˣŲࡣ
˶ڣҶվɫʯ·ϣŶǰһߵͲƽĲݵأʱûע⣬ԭҲ˶ҵģֻЩѵأصüá
߽ɫʯС˶ڣ߹հˣȻּա
ĸȽ֣ԺгŲҩζŨȴš
߹һС·ǰһש̳ɵġɹȳкЩɹҩŴֲѣͱȽϴ󣬴ʮϵˣŮС
ҶǶվĹȴ˵ԺӺܰúܹ졣
ӭһźӣɫĴֲۣʵӡ
߽ҲǹضԶҶȻֱȻʲô죬Ϻϣû
Ҷ΢㶣ԺôôˣЩȫư͡
ӺӱȻһȻתǰͷ·
ĸԲȱ𴦵Ժ䣬ש߷ʵ޻Ҷ£жʮңĲơ
һһģһķݣһ䷿ǰͣ£дŷ֣ʮˡ
ҶͷȻ߿ˡ
Ŷ룬һòƵζӭҶŽȥһ긾Ϊϵҩ
÷㣬㿴˭ˣܵߡ
긾Ůվ¶֣̿ŶҶϹȻ˳ȥ
ϵŮӼ˶ҶϲӣҪ
㻹ſŰɡҶرߣŮӣӵҲ㣬ʮƨɣûǴҡ
һҪȾӣҶû˵ʲôأ÷㳶
ȻҶֻõͷ
÷㣬İɣﲻȵģӰοţ÷ߵᡣ
Ҷ˼ʮ廹ʮңʱǰʮļ죬ĸβŰ£֮Ȼϵ
Ҷֿ˿С˵÷ֻ£ʽЩϤһʱ֮벻
Ƭ̣÷ˣҶҲ뿪˶ʮ˺ŷ
ӣȥʣһعʱصѾͷڰģҶղŴ·ӭȥ
˻ᣬܹ˵Ҫȥˣ
ʲôҶѽ⣬Ǿȥ
Ҷȥ˴Ǵȴڣ˵ȥ֥
֥µİĵסʮ¥ƽƽģΪʮĹϵһ㣬ԡǧĵλԴڡġ
ҶҲȥ֥󶵶ģнڣȻǰģΪ޴е鱨ҲίԼˡ
֥Ժ䣬ֱһζ̨ͤ¥Сˮ̳أöҶ԰֡
ÿҶó⽨ˣ²ǰƥģԿԿ϶⾵Ľ
ÿҪһأǵ⾵һЦֻϧ˷ǣϧ˵
Ӵ˵ʲô˷أǰһѾͷذƮƮȻ۽΢΢бӺС˿ġ
Ů⣬˵ЩΪǡǷֵİڵҶǰӯӯһݣˡ
ģҶԭҹ;ŤʱվһԵǡġ£ǵİ·ȽرɴģƮƮĸо
ţأҶ۽鵽ԶͤˣӰٷְپǴͰˡ
ӺʹͤأȥģŽ΢ͷ͵͵ŶҶ
Ӽ״˳Ҷ·Ŀһ۾
ǹȥɣҶ˵ø鱨ȸԾټ⾵Ϳˮʯˡ





050   ⾵֮

Ҷڵ̤ͤ⣬ǰҲװǻƵЦһ󣬴棬ضԶҶһЦ
һЦüĶ⡣
ǧԹûУʵ
Ҷ󣬺ܲϵĸϸϸ˼£Ŀ˵ûӦĵĻΪǵ˵ʮ˽ǧ
ӹҲסЦҵˣǵʮĹ˳ǧˡ
ƺҲúȥҶʵҪˣ𣿡ʵҲĹأҪˣܵеųɣ
ĲˣѶҶ˲°ٱ飬ĵ̾ȻҲôᡣ
ǧ¶ѷԸˣΪףﺬżľʸ㲻ϲ֣㣡
ҶһЦĵĵⲻôԣѶԸϲ˼ȫϵˣǾͺã
һԵĴŵĺŲ裬΢΢üɵ࣬
Ҷĵ۴ĵ׶ðԪаŮװӣˣװʲôʲôǴ
ʹеˣشЪЪššüʹӡ
ĺ޺޵ĳ۶Ҷת򴺾ʱ˸ػ˵ȥҷɰɣ֥󵽴Ҫһ·ۻ˾Ͳˡ
Ҷ˿ȣģĪǶԴѾˣаĵض
ôãӺ죬ӵ۶Ҷ
ȻЩɨ˵Ȼĵ˵·иʧǹҲɣ
ǰǧ֮һиףǵƤҶζȻֲ֧ģ˺޵
ҧѶҶĻǷ뾯棬룬ֻöԴ˵ͽ˱ȥ΢ͻᡣ
Ҵһ۶ҶŮóˣȻ侮ʯ
ú󣬴С̧ų֥󣬰һϻ̬տڶŻҩζҶԴִ̹Ȼ֮ȵͷϵ̫ƫЦı˰ģԼ¥
¥þƺò˵İţҶӺһš
㻵˰ʹĺ£϶ˣһ߳һߴҶ
⻰ô˵ҶһڷʵԶ˵ֳ硣
ӷ¿ӣһ²ԭԣۺʱεأŮ˵ĳ
Ͳ˰ɣЩ⣺ʹΪó裬Է¶ЩԴΪʹ󣬾ЩĿ·ˣԴĴѱӵĿŵ
´Ļɫ찡
ӣĸŮӼЩģҲϲʹ󵨣ּһĺֻҲɣԴҲΪȥҹͷԡӷͷͷǵ
ҶǲףѵҲ߷磿ԼҲͲã
ּ⾵Ӷǰʹ͸ִ޿ˣӳԳԵЦֽŵͷһذﴺ˵ǳϣ
Ҷһ˵ԼԺĲˣҽҲûΪͷֻǰˡ
Ҳ֣ãȴȣ
Ҷִ󺧣ȣɻӡ
СѾͷ飬ϽͣСӺҷʱɲ͡ɲҲ˶ˣ
СӣҶúЦġɲ͡ɲְסˣֻõͷ˵Ҳ֣ҴȴԵ±Թ˱ȽϺ桮ɲ͡ɲֲʳڣҸղԼǰ׳յӣ֪ѾͷûУ֪ʮԴô󣬶ĺҲ˻ɡ
ԹպڣҶϴ裬ڴϵҹ˾ǵúڶ˴ǣֱߵͨȻͻصСԺʮԺ䣩ˣԣԺһֱͨͨεĶģ˵ʲô֮·
ӡ⡯¥
ôˣҶĲʵ
ϲ̵ӲǰѶҶӴƵߣ㿴ÿ𣿡
Ҷͷ⣬Ĵ£˵ûʲôֵİ
ӶţеϸСԺǲʲôͬ
Ҷ۾ϸ£ҡҡͷ
죬¥
ҶŪĪٴ۴⣬һɽ紵е䡣磬ߵ¥µ̧ͷ
ϻдŲҶЩ֡ǰԶɽǶӣӶѵĺɽôͻж뵽ˣЦȻ˵Ѿͷ˭ˣһô찡
绹˵ҪƵ㿴ЩƶƯӿĵϲòˡ
СԺ࣬һãһҲʮ꣬ټϿɽǶ񣬻ûʲôֲһڣÿ˲ʮԺ俴Ҳʵࡣ
ӣǰûõƵ׬𣿡ҶˣԺ̫ˣ¾Ͳðˡ
ӺڽðɣĸðȻСԺĹâȥŵµŵա
ѽĺƯԺСǶܵ¥£̧ͷŶҶ
ʮﲻϲӦøԪйذɣԪסɽϣһϣȥСƶСĵƹ⣬ܶһŵģϿܾԼˣο˼֮ˡ
ֲʮҶ̾˿˵ðɣıһҲã
С¥һҲ͸ԻطϢˡ
Ҷһֱˣؤһͺ޼ٳףͻȻǧʹЩ¶ÿһͷۡ
ӶһЩӰЩС¥Ҳ˶Ҷ⣬ŴƣеԵĻСʱһ̵Ĺ͹ˡ
ŹÿҪõǻģҶĽӣ弸вģԽ軨׷˰ʲôġ
̧ͷεӶŶҶβŵ˵ˣ˵ҪԼг⡣
⻰ûҶ˵Щѽ⣬ֲ˾䣺͸ҰѵҪ尡
Щйֻһ˫ðʵͻȻҪ͸˵İɣ
⻰㵹˵ˣѾͷ˵Ҳͦ˼ģþûôˡ
ЦָŶҶǹ˵ģԼ忩
ѾͷƬӣǾҶƲ촵ţ˫֣üȰýЩڻ£Ҫ廨룬Ҫˡ
֪СѾͷһתְԵʵǹϳʲôӣ
ôΣ
ÿǿ̫Ůˡеϧ
ϲˣΣ̫׾ˡһҪҶͷԵķۡ
˼ĵ˵ͷ˵һȻȴˡ
⻰ģǶҿĵģҶЦ仨
ӵ°нص˼£Ҷ㳶ɤӼЦֻ͵ʳ֨֨С
СѾͷͷ˵;Ŷһ£˵ľ͵ϣĵҲˡ
ϵĶҶŸղŵPOSE¶ûüջȥߵЩʣаŰ
Ҷң
ϤŶҶЦ˪ôˣ
·Ĳ㣬Ǿˣ˪ƽŸ߸ȴ˵أԺ͸Ĺ⣬Ҷ˪΢΢һЦů
Ǻϣҽ𣿡Ҷʣʼ磬Լν
ȻҶı飬ȴ֪ѹ˪ߵ߸Լ˱裬Ȼ˵壬ǹġ
˵ˣ𣿡Ҷ˴ߵߣеĴؽȻơ
ڵһɲǣ˪㵽˴󣬶Ҷֻǳҫ۵Ĺ󣬻ˮ
Ҷչȥò豭Ȳӣ˵꣬鲻ס࿴˼ۡ
ҶϾͺãҲ˿ҵӰӣ
ŶҶС===============================================================
żƤƲˣʮһˡС½ڵı𰡣⾵ҪŶ




051   ֮

˪˵νȵḶ́ҶһԵͷ˵ǻͦ˵ġ
ͽҺ嶼֥粻ʱȥҰģǻ֪Ҫ㣡
Ŷǵʱڸ𣿡ҶæʵȽ䱸ôôѵ˪Ͷ̫ˣֻȵһֻһֻۣȻ׽
˪ݸǣǶһƫĲʱպѾڴ˵㡣˶٣Сû¡
˪лл㰡һֱôңϣ㻹ǸϿȰɣá񴺾һҶĵװ
ߵģ
ˣȵ˰ؤɱô죿
β㣬ҶԼҪ㰲ȫ˪֪ԼΪʲôẦ£ΪԼĺѣ԰ĶҶֻڤڤеİţ
˪Ҷижܵ˪ǰץס䣺˪߰ɣʮǳҲҪҲ֪书жߣΪ˰ȫ㾡ѹɣ
Ҷôˣ˪סҶ֣΢΢ָһŷʯĺֻҵĸоźһѣһЦܿҶƲߣ½еıӣѰ˼Ƭ̣Щִߡ
Ҷɵ˰㶢Ÿձ˪չ֣һֶʱҲ죬ȥҲ죬ǲɿĶͱ˼ҹ˪Ϧദ˼ס֣Ȼ˸жû˱ĸо
űײĵҲ˲ˣĴһƬڰͬԺĵҲϨˡϤζҶҧסʲô
Ŀˣ粻ңǱˣֻ½ǶûȻΣȴȻ͸һ塣
ģûĻң¹ӲģҶ̵˿ݲóԼһƣȻʹָоںһ˵ı֡
ʱָʣ˸վһû˳
ʱ㲻ˡҲૣʱղԼڴ⿴ӰӣֽԿ
˪˵ز׾ղ˵ǺǵѽҵûҶԹ˵˪˵ѶµƲһߡ
˼Ҫߣ⣿˪ҡͷУ
ھڻߣ뵽˪պҲпܳΪˣҶɵëȻ
㲻ߣҲߣ˪̬ȼ
Ҷöţſԭȫѳ
ȴһԵĶ˵˭Ҳ߲ˣ
һЦűƿ
Ժҡҷ
Ƚ˵ƣȻȥҶڿ˵ĳࡣ
ͷǶһźɫ解ɫͨǶҶʱɫ˳ٶŨüɰΣĿ飬°΢⣬Ĵţ͸ϡɫۣźɫ˿ȥ఺Ȼϼѡ
ʮģúðȻ붭Ҷ˵۾ȴɨ˪¡
ЦźҶﰵеͬᡣ
šҶޱĵ˵ͷƾоǰʮһ֪ȤװɲӣдǼһ˵ųص
ǱѰˣ͵ȹƼˣ֮ɫá֦չĴǰ죬Ŀ˹Զº˪˵˵ͷȻֱۣС˵ߡ
Ҷ۽ǵƳߵˣֺ󣬶º˪ԵЩȻ
ţǾǵλƲɣۣ˵ӹɡ
˪ȻĹֵǾ͹ˣ
Ŀһ˪һ˿Ц
¼ˣƲֱֱĿŶҶǷĹӷ·ڴʲôϧҶ
ʮģӦҵˣôҴӦҲһ֡˷¶ȣͦġ
ţҶͷҲǳȫʮȺ˫˫ɵ°ɡ
ʲô˵ϯѱãһǸϿȥɣʱ˵һ䡣
˵ͷʹһ
Ҷ˪ʾĶ£˸
һ·ϣѹ˶Ҷһܰ׳յ⣺ߵеĻŮģ
ҶЦԺҲΪӵģ
֮ǳģΪ棡˪ҽߵĽǶȵȻĽ͵
Ҷ亹ԶµҾýҲŶ
Ҹղż˪ӣšüһ˪
˪һҡҡͷȻϰˣԶ˳˷Ȥ㣬ԽǵִҲԽϲ
ߣˡ
ҶĴָŵǰ޵һѪ٣
ನɨذΧĺˣսҶ˵Ҷɲܼȣ
Ҳн찡áҶҧҺĸ㣬ʱɱֿȫɷһ
ʮģɱŻ˰ôб𣿡䲻ȵƮһ䡣
˽õСǾų⣬Ȼɼ书֮ǿ
ԼʮͣǸϵĺɫ֮ͽ䣬ΪŰΪĿĲֶεูСˡ
бԼʮǺƢģҶѧѧȻСȶһɸƵĶô˵ֵܽʧٵʧ٣Щ˻Ҫġ
ֻб˶Ҷһۣ
סռغܴԼһúľԺУ۵ĺ죬Ҷ䣬裬ʮ⾳
ֲ꣬˳ơԳơ𡯣סĵطݻ̻ԻͲѷɫڻʹ
ºСʱ־ڴɫħеĵһȴԼĳУԭܼ򵥣ΪһŮˣһŮˣҲͲкޣΪˣԺҲˣӵķǵþԴҲݡ
˪ͶѨΪ书ҲѲڣο߻һȴõƿһ᲻öƿ
ѬƼȣӦоС
ЩڰڵŮҹϮɪɪŮŤۣ̬൱ˡ
Ҷ߿룬һۻ겻ᣬƲİģһھƴ˳ŴľƲơƣң
ǧﰡ㣡ڶҶİʵ߲ơ
ˣ²аҶʣ鶯ĴȾʵ⣬ɫǰ͸졣
㣡ŭ˳ָŶҶڳֻϢˡ
ҶЦȻȴ̸Ҷǳǲ㣬ࡣһ裬Ȼ˲ѾҩӲǰƵöҶȥ





052   ˼

ˣɵƿͷ۲Ĳģ㲻ϹˣҶס˴ǿݹĵڶ裬Ǵִ֮䣬ҶһƣǴ㡮ͨĵ˵ϡ
ҧ̧ίĻһ־ڵĵһ۶Ҷ
ʮģɱ˴ü΢㳲˵
ʮ￴˳ۣûѣҲ˾ٲδģǸ״˲˻ɡ
һϯÿ˼ʱѵΨжҶߴߴſϣƲ裬δ࣬õȵȣǸҪЩģе̼
ˣҲˣɢ˰ɣžɴΪչˡ
ͻȻͣҶΪĬ
¾ס°ɣţ֮⣭¡
Ļ˲˰ɣ֪ʲô飿Ҷؿ˳װԺ۾Ϻδˣһ˫ԴʵۿǲǿԻȥ˯ˣ
أʹȥԸ꣬ҲĶҲͬʹһˣϢ
ҶĿ£˳ĵ¶ַߣ޲ͬھɣ
Ӧ˶ҶĻˡ
ҪɱҪУްԹԣЩ֮£ôӣ˦䣬һĿӶҶԹ塣
ãϲһĵ񻨿Σվ΢䣬֮
¹Ӻָˣ뵱ڱҲ֮£ԴʳС˵־Ц
ҲҶҧ˵ǼǻĹƱԼ
⵹£Щߣֻ°ˣĴǻʱΪ˴ﵽĿģܵ۶£̾ſϧϧ
ȴЦƯһת˾Ʈ˶ҶǰһѶҶڻУаЦŶѱ˵Ҫǿѣ²ͬˣĪҪƽˣ򡭡ƵҶĲϣҧƣʮʦ֣ôںİɣ
ۣ֡
ȿȡŶ¿һЮҶϸķ۾ϵͷܵĿ˼¡ѾģһȻЮԼʣһףǲҪɲӴ
£㾹вˣĺǳü־
ʱѱ¾ΧȴɱӵĴͻȻƮˣڶҶǰһΣֵ̿ĳµ·
ǰˣߣ²ǵճճĺɫҺ壬ϵһһǵȶȶҶ֡
ѾˣǸ߸ӶϹϾ˵ǺֻеӲ
˵ͷȻ֣ʵʮģˣֻһԼ
Ҷһʱסʲô˼
ˣ̧̱Ц˵¹ӵ书ʮҲ
֮ǣǻʵʮôҪЮ㣬£Լʡ
Ҷÿµ֣̾һû㡣
˵ֻ֮ѡһҶȷϵʮﻹǲġ
ȻͷתԶҶʱɫúѿ
Ҷ˻ᣬü˪˰ɣ
ǧʹгرνˮת¹ΪĴеҲûǰľãһӢȴҪԱʣµģʵߣ۽ǣɳӰ˵һֵͨĻϲ黹ϣѱһǿɣǷ޵ӾôƳ͵˸ܽӴȻ󲻿ŵʹһѪʹ˳
ҶĿӰǻڳջأԼӹҲɢ˼һһıӰϽü˳ĿĲҿ
ǧʹͶ¹ΣڿտĴѲӰ
Ҷҧúҹʹҹ̽εģڵã˳Ľȥˡ
˪ԼСŶҶ˵꣬ͼǲ֪ǡɲǡɲҪץԼ֣ŵһߣԼߣѪζֱǶˣŻ
˪ĮȻǹ˺ѰʹȴٽסԼȻ˵ޣֻҪñ֪е˼ҪȻǹҲ󶯸λ
˰Ѱ̧ĸ󣬱߼ĻԼԺдҴҶȴץסĨվʲôֱҶ߹ߣȻ޹ʵһ֮ʱȻսţ˿ԭˡѹԼĶħ׻ץסѨĳڿ쵽˽ˡ
ҪεͨʱҶͶ±ڲס۾
Сʱ󣬺ڲʱҶһ²۾۾Ӧ˻󣬿ΣⲻԶܵĴףԱߵľͰżӺһЩֵƷŴƹ̾ߡ
ԱߵĶȴЦڿԺ㵥ദˣ
˵ã˵ҶĳһۣȻʣ濴ˣ
ǵֵǮ
Ҷ䣬УһǱ̬˸Ťɱô죿
Ҳû뻻ֻ˪ȫȶѣ
㣡Ҷ̶ֵ֮̾˽
ηиɵݣҶŻϸ˿ݻɾûʺһЩ֮֩Сʺĵûʲô֩Կˡ
Ҷº̧ͷվŵİƮƮˣ㶼ûϴˣӲడ˼Ҳݶû㣡
ڵĿŶҶ£üͷӰ˵ӣĶŶҶۿҲΪҶ鷢Ȼ˼ҵûͱҶһȭ˹
£ѾĻҴ£
ҴҲδسɵ£˴ĿҡҷĻ
һأ˵˪æأͲʣǡɲ͡ɲû㣿ܼ˵е⾵Ī²ͨͨ˳ˡ
еôȣ
ܰ
¥ϣǡʲôĳ˽
ƾʲô㣿Ҷŭ
£ʵĴΣ
ֲֻҪֿ񴺾һ³
ʹģü̧۱ҶۺаĿԼۺСһţһ䡮ӺСܣԭء
ŮףͽаЦСţǱѹȵһ
ҶЦö죬Ů˻治һرŮӼҼң˵Ȼüɫģ̲סſʵҶļ硣





053  

Ҳǣһˮһˣ˼˺ޣܵƧģҶһɣã˴ҹչһ½ӲĽǡ
㵱治ˣûĵҲڶҶߣЦƣ֧ͷĿתĿҧŵݵŮӣ΢£н֣ëȶֵ̼֮ɫ
ǣ겻ǣһһֻۣ©Ĺ⣬˵Ľзǽʬ꣬ǣԻԽ
Խһգɻ
Щʬôᶮ˵Ҳ˷ѿˮҶһӵ˵
˺һᣬҶ֣ǴĨɫδȥƽϢҲδȥôͲأ̧ͷ䶢Լ˼ȴƺȥһط
̼ü˶üҲʮֵĶˡҶ̲סãһ£ʵɵˣ
ҡҡͷԶȥ˼ͻȻе
ʲôҶۣŻιЦѾԴЮ˲ɣȻ˵Ǳ̬ˣ˵㣡
֪Ĺϵ򵥣
٣ʵĻѶҶĵϸߣôͿأ
˵һƣָһ⣬ƵЦ
Ҷؿڣԭˣ˿һ˵ģʮʲôأãã
㵵Ŀƣ϶ȵӡֻչŮ
ҧסָͷ룬޼Լ˵Ѱʮĸ׽ˣʱԼ飬ûȥʮģôһʮŮأ
פзĻһопˣº͵ڽ֮ǰС˵ʮʦ֣ǲɣǸղţһȻѼŭƷԣʦʦȿɱôײСʦأ
ʦãѵʮɫħͽǣ¼ԽԽˣ߰ġ
ɫħĵϸ죬Ե֮ȴһΪٵŮӣʱľǽ˾֪ġ
Ҷͷϴ
û´ǶӵΨһĵӣҲʮĵ
Ҷʦͽ
֮һ֪˶ٽӵģֻϧЫŹӱȻһӡ֮ɴ˶õġ
šҶôôġ
΢죬֨ô˵Ůˣǵþϡ
ҶһƲ죬µ˵
֮ڽʮأȹµķȴһˣ˵һֱߣ̷˳㣬ʮ˾ͣ
ҶŹǷʵǽ
µͷӦǰɣͻȻ伣ȥδӲöֱ֪˵Ҳ֪ԭ
ﲻգîʱ˰ɣ΢΢ĽëϣһֻܾĺĵѵеرѳĶҶ΢΢һţקżݡ
Ц˳Ⱦ£¶Ȼذ׵ľװɵĽҶ¶ƴСŮˣݵۡ
ԼһʱϢĶ±߽Ȳѣۣοڴ
ԭͷˣֻӣͷż磬һӺת˳ȥ
¸æԵĻΪת¶𣬲Ǩŭǧʹʹڴˡ
˶£ش𣬵ȶ˵꣬һԵˡ
Ҷɺ˯ĳ˲ͷĹལʵϸߣһҲѵӣֻա
Ҷһ˯磬ͷ˸̧Ҫߡ
ţҶе
תӵĵͷŶҶ
ȥˮϴаޱˣҶеĵݣıԹ
˵ͷתˡ
㰡ҿ㲻ҵĻҷ㣡˵꣬ʹ˸磬ӣͷİ£ɵľʹԼϡ
˰ɣԷóˣһһںá
㲻ˣϴҲԣҶƵĿŶ£ݸɾ·ҲȻ׾ôͻȻƵġ
䴽һЦĿ𣺡Ҫ̵ʱԵ̡
ҶͬʱúȵĲ˿ڣϥš
£ǲǺܰᰡҶ߳ԱʵҪΪʲô֪ѡ
ΪҶݣЩηҲܷʢɫζȫ
˵أĳƤʡ
Ҷصͷɵĵһϣ˪ҲǣȻ˵
İɵģͣһ£¿ɬһЦ̧ۿҶĿתĶ
Ŀǿ̣··ǳ￴ԼģվǻϲģΪֻΪڡ
Ȼ˼ڻңڻҲаĺòãҾͲɵ÷ֵʱתӻ䲻һƬƲʡҶ˵ɣȴɣ¶İʵģΪףѹ
ҲףͰˣΪʲôҪôıƣͲҪ˺˰ĺܿɱڰ׷ʪǰһбһһôҲ




054  ӵĹϵ

谵ʪĵơ
һͷҵŮӱľͷ֧ϣҡڣһİò䴦ŵѪ۴ǳɹְı̢ۼͷιȥˡ
ͻȻƵĽŲʯſڱƿ߽һȺˡΪ׵һͷڵӣ𪣬粻䴽Цʱ۽¶ĵβƣҲʮͷˡ
ͻȻЦ߽ʵŮӣһڣһĨݾĻȣһתԴ
ǻ󵨣ûҵҲ̣ȥлͻȻŭ⣬һ¡
ϢŭСϾȥһͷӼæǰ˵˵꣬תҪߡ
£ƽϢŭʾһȥ
мΪҽΣתη
⣬Ժƻ뾺ţϮˡ
֣ΰӰͶʯ·ϣתͷ֧˸ˣֻ
СĽ󣬽;գͣͣȴͣһεǰ
ǧʹ¡̧һ۽ıӰںݺİеĻ˵˳
⺢ӿ磬ȴû˵ôûá
ʹʧأ
šüתΣͻЦʧˣôıһһӣɫ³ȴǧ꺮
վů£ȴоԼôСĵӦҲҶ졣
ϸƣ
ş̌ۼǰ§һ˿Ȼʵ˭ģ
˺µͷʹ˵ͷң
ߣԲѣȥȴųЦ⣬˼Ʈº͵Ҫʲô͸ʲôкãա
Ƕأæ׷ʡ
뿪ΰ벽
׹⣬ǲͬʼ磬ֵߵߵηȥҶԲ𣡡ȣΣϣӦ˵ˡ
治ףûз磬ɳҲŶҶЦţգգµˮô¶ٳЦ
ʹЦݣƮ˽
ֵʱҶ˿СˣؤԵס
ʹƻ˰ɣȥɿ̳Կף˰ѱӷ
Ҷ㶣˵ĻʮĵҲûʲô֡
£߰ɣҶֵηҺʱܡ
¹ӲԳΣطҶá
ҶĻеİӣҲ̶ӳ£ûоͷһ㣬Цģġ
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߳ηĴţӳǰǱصգϢû뵽һǽ֮ǧ
ݺݵ˼ķ㣬ûôľջôֵɫԺľƵʫѿڶ԰㣬й´ɫ˪
԰㣬й´ɫ˪ͷһΣ۾һ޵ʫʫͷҪ߹˼Ҳ֡
Ҷڰٻзһ˿ܵĻϢٵصηţ;յȤС
ڣһַĿ
üɫǰС˵
ţ
ʹ;յʱһ׺ʫ
Ŷ΢䣺ʵ
԰㣬й´ɫ˪ҡͷβ
֮˳̾һ·૵ǹ˪ģ治ʡġ
ĳǣǱ߾֮ǣ̹ϳǱڡ
˵㷢ӢĲֻǶº˪ни·
˵ĵطгˣҲףٲ˺кãǺĳĹ£Ҳĵˣ㲻ڷ䣬Ҫֱ졣
ϰ䣬䣬֮¶ˣҲѾˡⲻ˿տշɣʦ̫ԶճȺ
⼸գÿ綼Ҷջˣ͸Ҷ˵˴Ρ硯Ŀˡ
˴ιʮˣ˵
Ŷʲô˲õ
пտմʦʦ̫Ǯã죬ƣ־ϣ£˪޼С
ؤأҶʵȻûؤﻹˣ
ֳһЦؤԼˣʹ͹Ĺϵһ
ҶȷʮĹϵתʵǺöǮʲô
˵Ǯãֻ֪ǮׯϰǮ࣬ȴ֪Ǯã
Ҷдţдףߡ
ʹȻǰĹϵʵ۰ʹģ
ҶƲƲ죬ش𣬳Ĭá
˵ʹⱲˣ˵ˣʮĿģⲻ¶
ҶĬ
ʹʧʧ䣬ʹǹŮףעģ
ȻʮǸŮҶҧ꣬ΪΪеӱɱʮĵôãôãֹʲôأ
Ǹչ˶ãɱ˵ģôͺðˣ룬ʮﲻᱳ׵ĵӣ˲ҲͲ÷ˡ
һ꣡
һ겻κˣ
ÿͷٵһǰҳ㣬֮ͷľǡɲˡ
ôٱ̬ɱٶˣôҶ˵ͷֻԸˣ£ԿŰ쿩




055  ̸

£ϴ𣿡ҶصηԾһ̾ͬʱ֣˵ͱ䣬Ҳ̫ˡ
۾ЦҶˣ
Ҷչȥµ·ţüЦҲһ찡ղϴ裬ٺõҲβ˿
һ㶣ɲոջ̸Ц˲˸ˣĮ¸ߡ
Ҷˣ֪Ȥı죬ʱ˪˵ģҲʲô̼ģȻ棬Ҳǵһɧ
Ҷ⼸ճ˯˯˳ԣû¾굽˯찵أһߴɫĲ֪Щʲô
ҶҪ˯𣿡üƺЩ˼壬ûô˯ˡ
ҶԴʣ˯뷴ճ㣬ҲϲԼοûȤ
´¶а֮˵˵⼸㶼˵Щʲô
ʲôû˵ôɵʲô߱ˡ
ͻȻҶߣЦĸŶҶҪ͸һ㡣
ңϲ𣿡Ҷһ죬ñӸסֻ¶ֻ
һЦСĵĳϵĽ˳׾ֲҶ°ͣһĻš
ҶǲףʵôݣǴ˵Ц
ҶĿȻ׹һԸİ鱯˼ôɵ˻ᣬջʵʮģ
ʲôͬ겻ͬȴһģȻͱˣ䡣
ҶЦĵһԭӽֻΪ˱𣿴ӵһϳң
ǣĿԼղŵʧûڲѡ
˿ɬŽҲƭҲһ
ͻò˫ȫǵ˫һˣúһгõļңȴĴݻˣ֪ΪʲôΪɫħΪ̣˵ʹԨ˺飬ܾ尾߲꣬һ£̲ڴ۰мӵĵȴ׶һжΪ䣬ףһҹ伣ŵļҲ۵ӣ׸һŮӣһС룬㲻Ůӣϣױһҹڶ죬˸ˣЦգ飬Ѱ̣˶Ŀһټ˿̣ʮƺļУ仯޳һϲһ
ȵȡҶ˶µĻʵôѹˣͷôǺڵģаֲ˵ǱүүȣȢģʱҲڳҲû˵ʲôɺˣƭûôס
ԥһ£Ҷͷĵ˵ͷʶȣİĻʱΪβֹɻ飬ѡƾһţɢһҸļҡ
ΪΣҶԣʮֵİԣ
ΪϱҹˣټǨѹֱ֪ǲͷǺɫԭΪҪҵ׺ͻȻ֣ӵöҲðҪԼˣ
˵Ҳɫħˣ
¿ЦҲҺ֪ġ
̣ܺ
΢΢ͷ޿κΣüǴȴһ˿ҸҶһȷʵҸһֺãܰĹâ
ŬһܵˣһŽӹϵĵӣ֪ҿˣҵĹӣ˫ȫ߮ڰթ̳ˮ졣
أ
һЦ÷С޲£ʮ꣬һֵ꣬ӣֵһΣ˾ˣ
Ҷ΢΢죬Ŷı飬Ľᡣ
»վߵդԣֽץܣ΢΢Ǽʹࡣ
ҶƵģδݺݵ˵һΣһΣû뵽ﲻһ͵ˣҡ
£еͶȾͻȻתĿŭͨ죬ݽҧղҰֽ
Ҷŵ§ס￿״εҪӿңҡҡǡᣡ
ҶţƽࣺСʱ˵ɫħ߸绽꣬һȸߵͣԸΪ׵ǺȴҪҪһȸߵ͵ˣǷǱȲɡǵõ꣬˪ΪήҲ񣬶ַ˽ķɱȴ²֣׵ģһܴǺεȴˣ˵վתĶȥС̵ϣվϢˣˡ˱á
Ҳԭˣ
ҺȴҲϴĸ棬Щ⣬ǰТ˳ҲİȰͺ˵ԼãԳ⣬ٻؼң
ǹɫħʲô£
˶Ҷһۣǲ£ȴ£ҲҸո֪ġ
㼼罭ҳҶ˵ҪҲûʲô˵ġ
ֻ磬ſƹ⻬°ͣƦƦŬŬ죺ôɱ㻹
Ҷһʱڵɿڴ£ǧҪƭˣҪջңƭңܲ˴ġ
Ҷ֪ʱѰӵ뻳У°͵ĶͷĦҳϣ뵽ȥʱѳֲԼܾҵĴҲƭԼҺɫħʵҪʱȥ㣬ҲİŵģȻþȫȥ㺣ʵʵΪ㣬ӱãҸĸо˵ˣ˵ߣģ㣡
ҲҸ˰ɣҶ֮󣬵һθо˹޸Уůůıˮ壬Ҫ̸𣿡
İ滨Ůӵ֮£ȴǰͣסԺԴԴϵŨ黰⣬ͷȻʧʣҶ̸ʲô˼ʣӿɽҲ
СŮӴӵı̧ͷӨ黹ȻλݵĹϣСһֻСбȻǳһ̾Ӷ˵ȻְĹȥʵ֮ôСҲö
ӴһЦ΢΢һСԸ꣡
Ҷͷββ̸СŮйˣסXʡXеĳĳҸСʮ߲һţеϣȮһö״ʮ꿼ĳĳѧר޼רҵ
Ϲӿ·ԺһƬڰ̾ԭģ
˵ԶСŮӽʮ̫ôҲ벻ˣԿ϶ǣ˺ããУȻ޴ѰȻˣҲ洦Ѱҿ˸񵣱ҾӲͬģСѹĵģ
ǽǣҧأŶҶüɫĹ̸ۣλˣŮΪòĨأ
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⵹ʵںҶУʲôӵģЦΣյĺעŶҶһֻǿһֻ
ֻС죬죬ںʯǽȴȻĽʾ֭Ļ뵱òȵָͷڴߴ£Ҷ˵ֳø߸ߵģͷģںڵ£סۻۣȻ˵ʱһֻۣģѧʱֺܴƵķڿĿѧУ⼣߰ߵԣ߸żι״߰ȣ۾ŮӵСޣȻأʱ̾΢΢һ˦ǰ궯ʱǷѧؼҲг͵ӵĹǾһ񣬰ȰһײһֳҲ̶ã˽ڼЩ⣬⳵¼ÿձطУڴϳ֮Ϊħ
ûȶ»عҶЦɵ
ȿȣ𣿡ȻģƾͷԣҲ˴롣
ҶһۣתͷԶȻһЦ¹ӣҪȫг£ôȰôԭ֮У
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ȿȣòĳسԭ£





056  ƻľ

ڶҶʳ⣬ѡ˳ĬƾѾ˼òҲײֻ΢ЦĿ
ҶЭĲ鲻ԸһĻ޹أĽһҪңʲУð
һ̧ͷ̶飬紺ˮǲûΪ΢жҶգգۣ˼ڨЦ
ΨһԹ߻Ǻأû뵽Ҷһ飬ŮҵĴ棬˷ʧķ顣
ڴʱһЦС
һֻǻ˼ɫĳۣϹĮЦݡ
ҶǽƳһۣתŶ°ƽԺһЩƬΣȻҵû·ȴзѰġ
ʮû뵽˵ġǾޡԭ粽ϵЦ˵ĴȰ
ҶͷƵı飬죬ôôĳ룬Īһ˵˻ѣȻص˵
Ŷβʮˣ˵ʧˣ
֮ҷ֮ң֮δؾǽ˼Ҷ磬˼׷ݸԴ˲ΪӪþĻһֻƻľĿֻһ
ԣµͷ˼
֮̾ǽ֮㣬֮˵տ㣿־֮֮УתӰӳͶµĺӰ߲߰
˶¶üҡͷҶһЦˮ˼ԴѪŨˮ˶飬޿ɷϣһУ˳Ӧ˳Ӧĸֿģȷʵ룬ôţȥ
ͶڱʯڵĺӰ΢΢ҡתһ֣ϵĴһ죬Ŵ󿪣漴ŵһЦԺ󣬱ǵгη
Ҷ㲻¡ǰסҶС֣ӣı
£ҳѡһǰ˾ŲʮˣʱҲˡ
ЩãȻ֪ҶͻȻһ仰ν壬ȴԾɼᶨĻشûйļң
ҶС̫ƽʢСһöûʲô־ԸֻǮֵĹӣ˵ҵĲ·ҺӹôߣҶ˵꣬Я³η
η⣬ϼ죬ƻȻԣϮٻҡҷ
ʮ㶼֪ˣưľջУֶŲЦ⣬棬ʤһĨϼ
Ҷҡͷ˵ȫһЩˣ
ҵŮ˹Ȼϻ۹ˣ˶ü⣬ԶҶȻһЦ
ȥʮһòȻ಻ǺܳڣȴҲҶʵڲ˵Լ˵֮ǰеǾͱһϣе۾ʵչʲôʵѧʲô书ա
ҡҡͷȰĿŶҶĬ
˵˵ɣҾ䣡ѱıѳģġѬģʱСԼ
ţǵȾʮ˵ɣƵ˶һۣת䣬۽һЩ
ȵȣ˪ҿ⾵ţҶҪߣæ׷ǰһʵ
ëѾͷҪ࣡
ĨɫһûӰֻĻĻصھԺУԼָȴͻĪĿݣΪ֮ȣȻֵùŹ֣ȴ١صСԺѵȺʱѾͷݰ׵Ҷʱӯӯ顣
ܿˣӱĨᣬ͵͵鶭ҶߵĶ£֮ɫ
ֻûƼϸϸȴܰСԺ
¹ÿӴյҶߣЦ
ҶͷĿ˼£ƮƮ޳⿴Ӱа棬Ǹӡ
Ҷ㿴³˼С񣡡ͷˮҶְ顣
ȻģҲӭȥʮָۣĴ˲ĲöҶججоԼԽǧֻΪǣ֣ǰδ֮Լ
ȥµЦݵӡ
Ҷߵͷȥ׼ˣȥѴ˪
ŶµӶ£ֻ
꣬ҲԺһӣ˵ӳˣӣժųԣָĦ⣬ǿһЦ
ҶһԶŶį
ӳˣ֦ɢҶӣҸȴδԹüŵίīڵ·ˮ
ѽ׼ͥĺӣȱٸҶ⳶⡣
̧ͷһۣͻȻŵ˵ҿӶѺһ
ҶһƲ죬мĺһ
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ˮˣͶ¹ӿԡˣӵ۾ģ޵ĹЦš
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СѾͷ˵ûֲ֧ǷģһĲ⡣
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˼˵ֻҪײѹأʱԧ칲ԡĳҶӣԼӡ
ѽҶסЦ⣬ĵͷ
һüëһЦѹأ˵СһҾȥײ
ģҶȻʧЦ
ÿ°һһ£ƺг㡣
ҶͷݸһЦ㣬Ĺĺ
Ȼѹı޺ݲھŰٳߣ
ܺãǣ˰ҶЦö԰˰ס
Ҫڱ޺ʱĿ֮´Ӻһͷεһͷһؾ͹ˣԲӣţôҶѳľ׮Ķ£Сظε˵㲻ӾͶһŶѧӾɣ
˭ҲӾģͻȻʵ
ؤĿڶ࣬СϢֵһᣡҶҡڵȻȥѶ²Ӿ¸˵ʱЩţСЦ߷֣һԣˡ
Ƕ죡µ͵һ̧ͷҶСһɿȥӰӣֱβȥ
ĸڣҰ׵ɴᣱ𣬴֮һྪޣȴɫҰ׵Ůӣ·ʱԶһ㣬üͷšţһϢȴ˿Щʲô
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վŵӵӦ
ǾͺãȻǺ˵˵㻰Ե˿
ôȲҪʾȸ˽˵Ǽ£ҲǶ߰ҵ಼ͣŨüСۣ沿ԺڣƫƤһˡ
ߣ˵㣡һӽӱ䡣
ʮʧˣҲǸúӣΪΪŰģС۾һһ߷߶ȥ
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⼸ҲЩܿд𰸡





057   ƻľ

ˮǲˣӰӵˮһͰˮݣߵˮڵ
ţãҶӦһ۾ӣ첲ϸϸģҲһͰˮ죬Ͱˮ棬ɼδӵ书Ҳ
Ϊӣ΢΢һ죬ʶΪԼණ
ҶºһЦȤǸƯĹѽ
ȡЦˣӱҶϽˮ߻˵˵ˣϷɿͶ¹ӹȥأ
ŶʲôϷϷǼϷ
Ե̵ϷӰ죬Ҷʱ˼ڴ
̹ǱߵϷ𣿡Ҷôã֪¥˵⣬ûʲôϷ磬֪̹Ϸǲǳ磬ѽѽȻȴǺܸȤ
ѽӵͷ
ҶȻһЦ֪յĿģڽķ£˼ֽţֻҪϷδԣʱ̲澫ʵġ
Ӻϲµû඼̹ˣҶǵЦƸϸˣ

Ȼǻ÷ϷҶֵӾͻᡮ𣿡
㲻ƽﴺϷ̨ѾֲȥֻǱżԺѾͷߵƺͦίġ
ҲǣʲôҲᣡҶԺＰʱıĳ˫˫ѼһʶĲᣬһ䵹ֵ
𣿡˷ܵ𼸵ˮ飬ƮɢҶϡ
ҶЦŸָɷµĳϵ˫ԣ˫˫Ѽһ
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058  ƻľ֮ʮĽ

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˰ѽʮĽڴͷҲзֵģɫĽʣЩ⣬Ϊɫأ
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ΪͻȻķڣ岻󷽳ȥ붭ҶԽԽԶεĲԸҲĿŶҶ֮ײѣٴѣѺĺڶûӰӡ
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͸֧ѨΪѾʹľȴһ䣺찡ڿȥˣ
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ͣ磬˵磬ּͷе·Ըˣ˼ȡдЩ




059  ƻľ֮

ӱ紵̹ǵĶƴ룬ɫĴϣڻ¯ߵͷ廨ѾæѴڣŴһ죬ҲƵ̾˿ͷ񴲣и
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060   ƻľ֮

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061  ƻľ֮

תѹ죬ԽԽ䣬˪أХ¥ﶭҶľٱɽʵĳæŲ٣Ǵֽ
¶ľ٣ܵ¯ߣǾ޲ðԼ˿ֿʼ߶˵Ĵȥòֺοȥ
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ҶЦŴлģүүܲһ£ȥӪҪ·ѽ
ϴүתͷ۶ҶʵСҪȥ߾
ҶͷѽұҪȥ
ԴаҶ
һĵŴ۾εĿŶҶˡ
ǳϵСӰɣúӰϴү޵
Σѣƥ𣡡°һ۶ҶڨЦ
ɫˣԶ͵ˣСɵǽһٸ·Ҳ٣ϴүɫϿҵ붭Ҷ
ΰͶ񣬹ĶѽҶ̾Ҳ˵Ӧˡ
ã浽һСׯԼжʮ˼ҡϴү˵Ӷȥξˣʣ¶ˣ˺С
ӿƶûһǺõģĻ˵Σ
ԵǺ࣬٣ϴүһ¶ҶĲϰߣ̻ʵӱģЦǺǵĿ
ϴүҵĴӣʮ꣬ͷԵģԹ˰ҶԱߣϵĻƤС㣬˵Ҫ߾ȥ
Ҷ֣СС־ǴֲڵúܣСһСС;Ҳ֪ԥŸòðֳ
Ӽ״ͷЦۣС۾еûӰֻʣüë
ѽ߾ȥҶЦŻش
ܴܲңҳˣţȥԹǣСһһĳϿңĴ۳Ρ
Ҷͷһʱд࣬治£
СӣûûСϴүСһͷ
һҹҶһҹߣǴӲҲǱ̫ķۣɬġ
գҶӲЩӸϴүﱧŴѣǵ
ˣʵʣСڹг伲ǲ֪ô˼ңһʱܲѡ
ǲҪȿ²䲻ȵ˵идȴҲûֳ
ҶûԹţԶ˴ׯůůĶϣ㻺ࡣ




062  

첻ͣĸ·һСΪҪ̵ԵʣСԸ·˴æ϶Ůݡ
Ҽҿջס°ɣӲŲЩĵĶҶܣɳ裬üĶʱ
ҶͷСӽ߾սһ𣬶Ͷ׵ͶףǨӵǨӣԿ
ǼҰɣһָǰһҽϲӭСջ
ǰСڵĹкС㣬⻹סꣿ
ס꣡´
СŶҶ˽ڣ˼ˣһЩӵ׳ʮ˵ףֹ³Ҷǽ㶼̧߿СһϱϷ֮ɫ
ӼЩֱֱú£ŶҶ䣬ʾһҡ
ԸСϾƲˡ
Ҷµƿ֣ҲӹȺĲ裬üıͿ඼ɢˡ
ǼҶɫ԰ףģЩͶ׵ĸС㣬ּ󣬻¶ɫ˿ȹ۸񲻷ƣͷĿ̰֮ɫ˶ڣ
һͷĿ׳һҡһڵ߹ҶߵĵϣһɾҶ纵Ѽӵ𣺡СҪȥ˵꣬ŶҶۺĴ꣬ǸС㣬䲻ȴ۵ģԼɼУһԣɫĴ
ҶһЦ󺺣СӦūҪ߾Ҹȥ
ʸгȻֵһͿСߣа֮ĸʤǰճҺѿ˵߹ڴ̣Сοȥˮôչ㣬׼Ժ˯ã
ͨ죬ֽѵȴס
ҶЦүүˣ磡л⣬ūҵĸǴ˴λ׵ȥ˱߾ԲԿࡣ
ɫ΢жҡ֮˼֣ȴȻĵ˵֪Сĸλ
һ󼱴ٵжʮˣҶ𱼵ǰǴſ׵ʿǰൽ˸ǰ޺ǿȾūң˵߹£޵Ǹһ
еʮ󺺱Ǹĵˣ֮ʱڴ˵Ϊưԣƽ԰ͣ·Ŀ̣˿żҶ󺰽ŵҴܣӴߣȴʿš
ѸϵҶߣ滨ĶҶһ˫ȴ֮ǰҵĹһֱǰü罣һ׸Եϡ
ʮҹϲʤ
Ҷ򻹷ӣȻǸɱ֡
Ҷȣҹɫ΢䣬ٴλ
ҶٲȻһĴ磬˵˵ȻҲ˸
ҹݸһЦͶҶ˴ãʮǿѱѺȥ·Ҷߣʮֻ۾ɵţۣݺݵ
Ҷȴֲ֧
ҹɫʱ֮͢ʣЩ󱲲ΪҶսҲգȻڴ˳ûΣߣ
عŭѽǳ𣿡ҶЦһתʵ¾Σһ·˵սüˣ
ҹͷүϱߣˮǸСοҲ޿ս֮ģ߾ţҲ
Ҷƣͷͺˣ˲ƣܲ򲻴򣡡
ҹͬĵͷ¿̱ɫص̹ѹƾͲֹˣͻж
Ƕ˶פر߾򣿡Ҷҧ꣬ĿС
ҹס˼˵ؤټϳ͢µʿʮ򣬵ѹıѷЩ
ǰɣʵôôСҶ棬˵ؤ˵˾һȺں֮ڣƽգĶࡣ
㻹֪ɱ˻ʺ󣡻ˣȻǹΪҹ۶Ҷ־תߡ
Ҷ˰̣õǶҶӻŻعᳶ˵ˣ˻ϣкùӳ𣿺ôңҲ
ҹ˫ֱ磬̾˿˵ôΪʲôɱʺ󣡡
Ҷ˼ڲ̧ͷʵΪʲôɱʺѽҲɱš
ҹҶھǲںԭ򣬵Ǿʵ棺Ϊ㣡
Ҷüͷһ¿ӣ룬Ȼͷ˵Ļҵþ磬Ҫһ·ãôСҲգ
ҹЦȻˣ²Ӿ״ҲȥҪò·һˣΪҲʵΪ֮٣
ƨҶһӿӣŭ֪ӷͬǻϻʺϦ֮½·ǵĻףС
ֿ죬סҶͣһɨԱߵʿĿŶҶ
ҹҲ˫ֱȭ˵һ£һգɵ÷ǣ
÷ʶ֮ˣʱȥݷã
ҹ˵꣬εĿ۶Ҷתȥ
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ǲĻʵ۾ڱ߾ҲԶҲҪڰĿŵĲҪˣɫ
˵öԣһ㣬ЩʿҪץˣҼüë˼£ĵͷ
ҶиҲ˼ڷСҪһʱƿ̲ݻϵö
ԹҶ˱ּǰУ³䵱򣬺ҲЩ£ƽȵģʱСѩѩҹө𣬾úҹ˷ܰ
ڿջΪ㣬ΪͷȴˣȻŭ
ɵѾͷǿǵͷߣûƹĶҿǵʱȣҹֲ书˶࣬ǾͳԿˣڳ˵
Ȼǲʵʱйٱ·ûأ
ýҸѹѹУǾıһߣʵҲûʲôϣǿŲʲôģԶˮȲ˽





063   

գյ÷ǣǲʢֵ÷һƮǧҹһҹѩȾ÷˪䣬ϢֻʱƲãаٻãȴĵͻˡ
ֵ壬ֻ·̯ӣڵ棬ϵðỊ̇ǰ̡
Ҷüͣ£ֱ̣ǶֽŽӲ̣һӣкϰ̰ӡ
ºʱ򣬶ҶץŰӿˡ
̵ϰһСӣһᣬˡ
ϰ壬÷ǺҲҶ̧ͷʵ
ҶֻˮĴ۷⶯ˣСһ񣬶Ƭ̣ͷ˼ʵСղʲôˣ
Ǽҹ㣬еĴ˼ʲôţӲظ
С΢΢ͷЦ˼ǶȥҪң
Ҷӣ߷ߵҾѰ˼ţʶҲǴû뵽սģԩ·խ
Ц۶ҶЦøˣԼҹôôã˵һ
ԩ·խ㻹ȥշ÷񣿡µɴС۾ҪѶҶ͸Ƶġ
һԵСͻĲС뽯г𣿡
аɣҶҲ˵嵽ûг𣬷òƱģҡҡͷ˵˵治˵
˵ⲻ٣ЩСҪСĲǣСӽصĶԶҶ˵
лģҶǺһЦԼױ۸ôأ
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Ҷʵڿȥŵ۾
ȥԼ˵ԩ·խˣҪȥѽ
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ҶţȴסСѾͷһĵǻ߰ɣ
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˵ʱȴ˴ˣһλ׺ӵͷ۶ҶòʵСǣ
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ҶһҲЦ֮ģҲǰ̹ˣҹݵ˵Լϵĵһ˲ܵ¡
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Ҷһͷˮ֪ᱻɨسţҶһתҲϵĻһЦ
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⽯ҲǮ˼һ̨ͤ¥󣬶ҶҲûʲôرֱֻİŹֹġ
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СӣҶ뼾¶ԻɫٸȥΪ̫࣬ղûע⣬һžóͬиҲ
㿴˭ˣٸڲס˷ܣ·Ҷ
µǸ׼ĴˣϣȴԴ棬ҶյĿ˵·ӦòʶŶԡ
ҶҲȥòˣЦºͣĿܴȰһԼٸһסԼ֡
ʲôʱôܻӭˣҶЦĪŮ˵Ȼ
ӣˣ˵󣬻һѱסҶ
ˡôˣҶ˰żһ仰
·ֹסᣬ˵ӣǶΪ㲻ˣ
ʶңҶʡ
񣡡Եٸ˵
ŶҶ˵ͷ»ôãܰԼ˱棿ڹ˻Ļôҹά
ǣҶٸж·˶ģӦòɣ
ɩɩܣ·ݸһЦŶҶ¡
ɩɩҶͻ糺һƬѿ˵ʲôʱӦ޸ˣ
·˴Ŀ̾Ϣ˴ȥ˱߾Ҿûٻصߣ
ҶĿѵʵּӮҪ
һָңҲӣ֪㶮·кᣬ
öҶزܡ
ΪˣҲˣҶվȻ塣





064  

ȵȣסĶҶ
ҶתͷɫЩҰף޷˵Լ飬ֻĺҡ
ȥõ·ǰĶҶļ磬һ۰ΪڵѣȻ˵ҵǻ
һ˫ĸ׵۾ˮͳ飬Ҷ̣ҧĸһģ˵꣬תʵɵ˭ƿأ̫ɱˣûȨ
˽ҶﱸкܶණԵõȫʱܵݸҶһתԪҶЦü⣬Ǹ˾Ȼˣٿһܣģͻһԡ
׼ʲôöҶͷЦ
죬Ҷ㣡˵꣬Цضʧɫ÷ƮߣĵЦݸӵĽġ
Ҷеİ˵ţĸȥɣԪˣ
Цȴᣬ϶Ҷֹ֣ɿʵĶԶҶ˵ãһ·أ
ӣһҪ·ᣬȴɶԶҶЦŮ˺ܼǿǿۡ
Ҷֻǲסͷ½²һŵϣȴյϵĹذǲ飬Ҳֻ֪֪ӿ˻жþδˡ
Ľֵϣվ˾þδȥҶ³һ䣬߱룬Ҷ˿ؿƵûš
Ӻøж˵꣬
Ҷ˿εٿ˰ܲˣʲôóԵģóԣһˣѹʱͲ롣
˺һ·򱱣ǰµгѣȴ򲻼ϵĴѩг̣ҹѹı߾ʱǶʮպ
ѩȻ£һ·˵ѾսˣΪǰյȻѩս²ͣ
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Ҷһ·ϣָӸ֯һΧ䵱ëߵ˿˿Ӷ֯һ˵ģӲӲʩûֻԼ֡
ھӪصǰʮɴͣ£žųìļһﵲס·
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ҶƽĴЦ
ǷˮǹȻҲˣʿɷ˵ǰץס˼¡
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Ҷҧ䲻⣬ì׼Ǿʹ˹ȥȻģûУǻ˻Σۻͷƽ˼ƺ
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ҶٶҲ˰㣬һֱһһյš
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£ӣϣҶתͷЦ
=============================================================
˵ͲҪǵöౣů





065  ɼ¶

˾ʣӶ¯յůů󣬶ҶѴһµĻƤ£ٿࡣ
ҶĴʣϿľʲ࣬е̺ڲü򵥣һĽŴ֮⣬ůڵĻ裬һСͦһյ÷ڵĿˮ
ƽŶҶתתȥϴźӰЦݡ
ٵԪ¯ߣݸһȺĲ裬ҶŴϾлعȻһЦ
û뵽ôԪ΢΢һЦ۵ǳǳ
Ҷȥʵ֪ǲˣ
ǲţû뵽ô죬һ·϶ǺɣԪϤһǰεĳ磬ȴԼۡ
ҶͻĽһƽ˵ȥϵĶ˵꣬ĶԪԳЦܽҰһЩ㣡
ԪЦ΢ͣԵЩ䣺ðɣ
ãҶԪķӦЩ䵭б㲻ʹ죬ϲͱȢЩ쵰ˡ
뼾¸ƽʣԪͶҶ۵Сۣǰ޼ԶȥĸƼƮԶˣȴȷʵڹ
Ҷתת飬˿˵Ԫһۣ˵벻ҪŶ
ΣԪķʡ
ҶԪ۹⺬ŭ⣬ǡ˿ڿˮǱزͶϣҪ͹ң
СѬúҵģֲӣûǵָǰ޳һ϶ҶҶһæץס֣ŭɨȥ
ҶûüƿԪ֣ԪҲûʰԼһʱʧصģͱƿһ˽ԭء
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ӢϲĳԪӭײܻĶ£ײĺ˼ǸײȴûһۣƮˡ
ӢüૣôˣϴĸϵҲֻⱾ¡
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Ӣ죡ˣ
ļ󣬶ҶͿʼӢˣϴҾ㻹ȥɣ򡭡
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ӣ·˺þãΧΧžˣҶƿá
ӶţѴɫΧϵϡ
ҶܸİԪϣȻԼ֯İëȥĳ˵ġ
ȥģӲĵʵѶһԵĻҶϡ
ӣȥɣסӣ¯ߡ
ϴһ·ȥҵģЦеĶԶҶıӰ
źɫϵ£ǳȹһ˴룬ȹ䵭ɫůѥ㷢ɫ黨纮Ʈǰ鷢һ˫ҡΣɫΧ§ǰЩãС·ĸ·ʿĿѣƵƵҪȥ
мһᣬҶҵӪԶĶ£ıӰ粻ٵǧ˿Ϊһ壬ԭҲƫƫδӭź磬һͿ
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ˮסµ䣬˵ʲôȴ˦ҶźãЦ˳
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ҶᣬӰȥ
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ⰧԹĿ⣬ǰ˦ʱ򣬶ҶˮεӰЩͬ顣
ڶҶ˼ʱһϮӰҲ˹Ųô׳ס½ǡ
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Ҷգգۣȵ΢΢˵ǰѩ½ǣֺõ£Ҫ
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Ҷܲ˾˼°ͣоܹ죬ܸЦҧŭĺ̲סЦ˳Ҫң
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˵һ̾ӻôΪʲôܣ
ţҶ˫ֻסǳ͵Դɢŵϣ˲䣬ͦů͵ġ
ϲʵʱҲߣ𣿡
Ҷ̧һίΪʲôߣȻ֪ƭΪˣȻΣѣŮ˶˽ģҲ⡣
㵽׼Ǻˣ±ָĴĿ롣
ѽȻȥ˵еˣҶپô࣬ȻˣȻҪŶԷڲȥĸۡ
ôȥĳƺܲԸ
㴵绹ûҶһ죬ӭ϶Щ߷ߵĿ⣬룬ɴȥõ廨Ĵһڣ˻ܳУϽͷܵ
Ϣڴ䣬䴽һЦĿܿĽСӰ
ʮͻȻЩ˿˿ģҶͣסŲëҲסˣǰжĴͷ£װ׵ģһƬһƬ
ѩˣҶſ˫ۣ׷İѩģѩĭȴ
תѩеĶԵøӵĿףĿԶҲģѩ
Ϸ뿴һѩװһǰδ˵Ըȴʵˣˮ飬ֻѩϣᣬֲ塣
װģѩˣҶҧסѩԽԽؼΪһɫŷѩԼ§ڻ
ôˣ¼ӯỨϣҲѡ
ѩˡҶૣһ뵽ǰ뵽ˡ
ѩصʣڵĻ¯ϼһðĹ㣬ΧŶʶˣм£ӣԪж̣̣Ӣ죬ƽ
ܵҶǰдӶ»Լҹĳ嶯
ϴڵ⣬ԣƽæкСܹҶ
ĸãҶԶ̺òĴкȻӵݹ룬ɱ䡣
ϴǲǶûţ͵
ҶͷȷʵûţʵĳãرǺܶʱ
Ҷû˸²֪óճϵգڵضȥ
ûоƣͻȻʵ
΢㶣Ȼƽ˳ȥһ̳
ΪԼȣȴʢһ룬޹Ĵ۵ݸҶ
ҶϸãֻŮ죡
㿴ֱ£һǺˣӼˣҶνǴ󲡳һ·Ϸ纮࣬˺÷ӣÿһ׾ƣⲻһ£͵ĴԾ󣬺һƾһˮһ
Ҷȷʵǿʼ£浹ãصУůˣӷʹˡ
Ҷ۵ס֡
ܺȾҲǷӣ±ĳ۶¡
ҶסȴԼģĶһֻţĵ߷˰ɣǵĻҪ°ĭˣôǰԺ
Ҷ£±תһ
ֻǵԼڴϣȻ󱳺ģжԼůͣҲֹͣ˲ʶɢҲ˹ȥ





066  ߾鵤

Ҷһμ˰ְ裬ܰļңһĨĻ꣬ߣǣǵ֣ӵƺǶҲĽлаְ裬Ӵ˴˵ģ͸
ְ裬Ҫ뿪ңǰҶǵİҶ衭ء
ҶҪ£ҪޣסҶֻ֣еƽߵҲֹס°
̾ϢһЩɳƣ߾鵤ĵһη˺ʹ𽥼Ӿ磬ʮӣ°ĴΣ
ɫЩ㱣ѶҶַ뱻𴲱ߵĽҶ˯ĿʣƬ̣¶ģ˲
塭Ҷૣˮ뵵
һͻȻֹĶ£ɢ˳
Ҷˣ»صߣѽڴϣƣչ˿Цݡ
ҶͷǰˣĵģȴҪǿװյӣĺʹ壬ÿ˼˵ܽأǳһкοɺģ
±ɰӶЦĸǲ᣺ҶúϢȥ̽̽飬ֻһ㣡
Ҷҧ˸Ŀ⣬ʵ壬жѣҪ˵ĻͿȴ
²ּ¶졣
ǲǴµĶܺңҶյĵʱȸһζֵҩ󣬲ŵѨ֪ǵ¼УǴ
Ƴ˶󣬽֮𣡡֪ã˵
ƸƵĶһнҩģ߾鵤ҩɽ⣬˪͵͵ҩֻһζҩ
ҩҶץסµ䣬ʣҩ𣿡
ȻҪҲ˵ĽǻĶѪôĵĸĸۿԼŮѪģҩεģӹΪҶüͷ
ǽҩҶʣȴǿ϶ģ˺ҩ֮˵һЩС˵
µͷţ˰ɣȥ
Ҷһסںöˣˣȥģģ
ţ°ס̬Щӡ
͵Ҳһ𣡶ҶȥסµҪߣ
ҶҪ֣ԹţḧŻԴĶµģƴҲҪȻ
µ˼᲻֪ǱзӪΪֽҩһᣬʵ£Ҷ
˭˵ȥ˾ͻҶأĶ
Ҷ̧ͷպüȷɫиζȵһηЩʱ䣬Ǵӳ飬ȥ˴Ƴĵ
ɫЩ仯ΪݣҶϽֵǰǴܣȻвⲻȫ
Уˣ֪ҪܴƳףһһϦ֮¡
߾鵤ʲôʱһΣִ̣Ҷӱա
һգüжĸ£ⶾرƾһηʱգ߲ģ
ʲô߲㣿Ҷ㵣ǰٷ֮ʮݼɣ
±ס۵һһٶʮգôڶηʮգΰա
ÿμٷ֮ʮԽԽƵҶǸôݣ
뽭ĳƺü
ĳ𣬻֮𣿡Ҷʵ
ҡҡͷö֪ƳΪѹүݼΪˣҪҹԭȨͼıλ
ʵ۾ôãҲ̰Ȩ֮ˣ濴ҶÿϧȾءȨƻǮҶ̾
¿ŶҶͻȻЦڿһף
Լü⣬𴽽ǣҶȫĿ̱߰ͬǣҪɻǲˡѽûǮˣҿγŲ˿ϲéǸרͰ
¿Ǻ죬ͷŮӼҼңۻ֮߳ɺͳ˵꣬չװ𴦡
кʤգҶˣԼж֮¸鵽Ժ󣺡˶Ҫʺʲôúģüͷһ壬Թѩصģ˳ǳɱˣ
³б˶ҶһۣһԲĳ
ѸŴéĴƽģȴܲˣһ߷ߵıӰԼҶٴξù˲Թͨ
һᣬӶ
Ƕ¹𣿡Ӳ
Ҷֵûа
ΪһŰǸ߷ˣʿ˵¹ƽȻЩȴδй
ǰǻã첻ҴȱΪȥˣߣҶ뵽ǿ°ĭ;ó죬˳·ڴصĽ
ӽӹҶеĽŵһߣ
һ治ôԣҶǰװ׵࣬ûһʳ
ι˵¹ιҩҩܲӲȴܲԡ
ôιģ죡Ҷ죬ȴò֪Ǻá
Ҷֱ֣ЦĲ׷ʣӶģҲѹ롣
ϴ󣡡
С
СɣСôˣǲǸү𣿡ҶȵʵյףοҲڣʹԲˡ
ˮǱߺͽˣһһ䣬⻹˶¹ӣСɺСΧҶߣžĽ
ӼԼһߣǳһСɺС
Ϊɱ˻ʺ𣿡ҶӴԵüɫ衣
ѽһأСͷ˵
𣿡ҶѪڣ˵ǸӣҲ̫ԲԼˡ
¹Ϊүӷأ췭ۣ͸˶Ҷ۾ı⡣
ҶֹĻӦһۣɧŮˣҲУȴװһ
߿ȥƣҶԵúȲ




067  Ļ

ֿ죬סҶʵ㶮о𣿲Ļͱȥֿ
һöҶֱۣ룬ԼȷʵʲôսԣԻصߣеȾж˵ĺ֡裬Ŵûûԣʵ
󣬶Ҷ˾Щ֮⣬ҲûʲôףҲõúܣΣʶ
һ˷ˣѩ׷ɣҲúܣǻڳԳԺȺĹҴ£ҶʵƵúܣ̵Ӫ־ЩʲôĻԼͷۡ
ɫܰʱÿǰ˵羢󣬰ѵֱҡΡ
Ҷǰ̧ͷѩ峺ʱգСʱ䣬һƬƬСѩɫĵƹҫ£Ե쳣
žӴ򿪵
Ҷһ䣺񾭣ô컹ӣӱ¿ˣ
һֱҶˣԸе𣺡˵ĺģ
Ҷˣӵס˰ĺŵʣһƤЦ㳵Ұֵģ
СҶӣ޼ֽһµӣһЦ˳ְѶҶ
У޼΢΢ѶҶһ§ҶŵòСһ˾롣
޼ƺͦίԹһۣСҶˣ
ҶյҾĵӣҲү
Ҷ˵꣬޼Ц˫ۣǰ
޼ҿˣҶ̧°ͽص˵˼
ֻһ˲޼а̵ɫջ֣ϱ·üأͷɲǣһ˿ŭ˫ڵ۾
Ҷ˼ǰۼŵͼӢˣ׳˵õǼٵģοʺûҪٽˡ
޼תº͵СҶӣô˵źأ
ĵᣬҶȴ䣬ÿʱ򣬾ͳԼΪǰġ
ܶϷСҶŪڹѱںεأֱѣع˺ɫ
ҶЩţ޼Щ£һμʱϵֻ̼񾭣ϲ˴򽻵
ţСҶӺˣ޼߽ĵ˵
Ҷüһᣬɴܳ
޼ıӰ˰̣漴Լͷ૵ôˣ˲ɣ
Ҷܳʣײĳˡѽû۾Ķͷһ䣬Щϸ
ŲǶҶҧӭŭӣӳһˣͷһ֪̫࣬ŤŤ
˵๫Ƕ̫˫ֲϸüëŭ
ҶṴ㵱ȻǶ
๫һָŶҶҧССūžȻ˷ûˣ
㻹ūţ˴˱˴ˣߣҶ˦תĿ粽ȥ߳ͱס˳·
˳ɡһϮ˽£Һɫڷķƻã΢͵Ĵչſ߲ϼƩЦòе֮òҲʹ֮ݣѷָ¡
Ѿͷ̫ˣȻֱү̫໽
Ҷ۾ѿʵ˭ԭ
΢΢һЦɡҶͷƣӶҶղŵ⣬ʵѩµ׼βصȥ
ýָͷҲ֪˾ǻٵĲѡҶֱֱ˼ң𺳲ѣŮôѽ
ţٿǰŮӣɰС紵Щۺ죬ʵѩҹ£Ƥ󵨵ĿԼߵЦ̺˿㣬ů㵴
ʲô˵һ˳ôÿʲôǵģοȥΪŮأ˿ʹƽ׽ˣһӶûС
Цʵ﷼
үСŮնҶҶʵ
ٺÿü΢΢һ壬ߵ̫ȴȽ˳ǶҶʮ
ҶȻգգۣɶʶ
Ҷôܳð˳ġ
´գٺѼ󣬱̫뿪ȥЪϢˡ
Է𣿡°ѶҶ§ڻӪȥ
˵ҵҪų껹ҪҶ˿ʵ
ӪУ¯ůϮ⣬С½ˡ
°ѶҶ¯ߣסЦʲô
Ǹ̫ôʶңǿˮİô𣿡
һʶˣݲ衣
ҶƲ죺ߣʲôң⾵ȥ
عͷҶβŵ⾵ˣ
Ҷν൱ߣԴ󣬾һֱǲȥģûһϰʵ˵͸һ
£⾵ôģһҪʣǵ˵ףҸû꣡
¼Цÿģðȳţϴҩԡ˵
ô䣬ϴҩԡҶɥ
Ȼϴ°ȲݸĿȥͷ˳˰ҩˮ˵

ȥ·ʡ
ľʣҶš
ѽ㲻һֱס𣿡
㣬ͬӣҶϾУ£ӦŮˣͬҲûʲôɣ
УŮ˶´ʣ÷ȥ͸
ţͬʲô˼²ʡ
Ҷ˰֣ΪȻԻ˼˿һһӾͳףԵĻַɿ
³Թһۣʣͬӹأ
Ҷӣܺܽߵ˵ǵһΣ
¾紺紵źҫۣ΢΢һЦ첽ӡ
ҶɷӣüֹĻʱ̫Ҫˣ




068   ʮ

ʱɴѩ
ĽǳϿ飬ͨӯĻҡҡҷҷ¯żžȵ죬ҩζԡͰУҶһԸܱ졣
𣿡ľưˮҶ¶ȥ
Ҷüͷһ㿩û¥ɣú棬ζҲš
ɣʲôգŴʵ
ҶЦǿ飬ʶһʲôԡ
ԣִʵ΢ɫ˲ɢ㯡
п֮չȻãֻ˷ǡ
ˣ˼ѹΨжҶʮֿ֣ѹԼжʱղӡ
ҶϴҩԡʱѲ˶£ߵߣһ飬ǹôо̵ģķ֣ҶǸͷ󣬷ҳû˼ߵ¯š
˵ΪʲôҪأ꣬̾˿
ҶҲ̾һԴ˵˵ΪȨģǶʮһͺð
˵ˮǰҾҲѹһ룡
˶ȷʵռƣıǸҲþͻսʤҶ˵ôǶģЩǶġ
Ҷ˵һѩһ顣
˵̣һǾ䣬ΪϼƣҶ˫Ŀ⣬һãЧ治
üЦ
ΪϼǺ壿ʵ
ҶҲƴǣ̸˵һСʮơı飬ս֮飬ʮƣƼң¶һƻȫҲʧߵʱΪϼƿνȫ֮⣬򲻹ܣɽڲûգӢҲ
¼˵ͷͷǵе飬ʵʮǣ
ҵ룡Ҷ¶ɫĿ⡣
һ°ͷҶֻһ˵˼С
ʱ䲻֪ԴҡҡλΣСʴ¡
֪ˣҶ֣ܵߣЦ˵ǣʤ˾ͿԻҲԽⶾæҲá
˼ƣƣճǼƣɳ²֣ɽ͵ƣܹݣۻ𡣡Ҷֹס˼벻ˣ
벻Ͳˡ¿ֽдļƲߣ֣ȴСڻͨõõʧΪϲߡ
ûͣЪ˼Ҷ⾵£ҲÿڣϾϵǧҲǵϽ
Ҷ̧ͷס֣𣿡
δҶشǣŶҶ˴ߣ˯⾵Ҹ˵ɺã
ôо˱أò񻰡ҶӦڵô˸Ƶģ
Ŷ°ѶҶϣĲɵӦһתӣȥЪϢȻߣоͷɡ
Ҷɵö˼۾Ķ£ϵӳůĻ棬ëżȶɲǼ䣬òɷ˻ᣬòᣬԺ˯ˡ
Ҷٴʱҹϵ֪ʱȥ̿ŵĺ⣬ʵżֵҹʿӰ
̿΢ȥֻ·ڰϣ˯ˣļͻɬɬģˣŵԼĻƤ߹ȥ
ҶҶߵߣ±㾪ѣס֡
ô˯Ҷ˵߰
ЦЦЩ¸ҶͬߣҶ᲻ˡ˵꣬ѶҶŵϥϣ
ĻǱҶɵñסаٸнȴ㻹֪֪
̾һЦҶҪǺҵʲôʱ򣿡
ҶһתЩȻ˵һ£
ü˺ܶҶ˵𣿡
أҶ˵ʱҵĲ裬ɱҼǲǵãо㷢񾭶ҵϣʱӾͽˣ£һһأʮζ֡˵꣬
ôѽݸһЦ
ѽ˻񹦣𣿡Ҷ˳ڶ·Ըоǽ£ûжķ⡣
±Ҷôһһģ˼ʶİ§øЩججȴѹסеٶ
£Ҵԭˣ̣ҶһЦİˣúůܰģ˵ðģôͲҪŹ
š紫¾磬ѶҶ
ҶЩ޴룬ȴųľٶЩڴ
ȴԸΥæҵİʵʵȻæ˴ߣںڰ
һ̣ҶЩˣȻôаѣҵĺʹ
ôĻʹɫ䣬æ˹ǰġ
üڰп嶭Ҷı飬΢΢̣쳣ȴŲ£뼾£ȴס
΢Ļ£Ϣ΢ңİĴ࣬͵͵ɢڴߡ
Ҷס֣ƣżʹࡣ
ǺǡҶջԼڶ֡
ϵ´ѽ⣬±˴룬˿ɢڴϣĿ룬õ廨ƵĴŴ
ҶȴͷЩ⣬롣
ͣ˰̣¿ٵ·ʡ
Ҷúƣ°˺þöҲԭԴ󣬶ºһʱǱѵǣѵĶйأӦòᴫȾѽ





069  

գͻת磬ɫޱȣնůĹԣӳڱİѩϣԳ߲ʹâ
Ҷ¡ɢ˰Ҳ˯ȥһۼľӡ
Ҷһϥȹյĳѥװ³ĳɫķϵȴҲס
ӣҶ̧ͷ죬ǳǳۣǿɰ
˺޼ڻԣɨһ۶Ҷһӡ
Ҷ޼ĻЩ죬˼ұϾүҪЩӵģ޼ʵأ
޼ü䣬ظȻҶǸʵ¡
Ҷ°ͣš
ѽ޼תת˵Ǽһëëģʹˣ
㣡ҶѰСкͣİĹǱǰ岻үͣ㷢˻𣺡Ǵ鵱ۣĿ⣡
ң޼ͻȻɫһ䣬
ûôҶȴԼڹŴ˲ƽȵʵ
˭֪޼ӣһο
Ҷȴ飬۲ʶ̩ɽ޳ܣԣͻòףɨΧ۵ȺѵߵĻ̵
ʲôţ޼Цúܹ졣
˵ˣߣҶ˦˦䣬ˣ޼վЩµġ
ӣ޼סӣǰһԼϡ
ˣһһ죬޼
֪޼ŶҶһתִһӭӣһͣӱȥ
ҶͻȻջþݺ޼ѥϲȥʹʱħצ
޼ֻ֣Ů˵ôͻȻô
ʿΧҶɨˣˮҲڱĵĿ
ˮ轣ãҶˮȥ
ˮ˪Ҷ漴мĲ
ߣýЦˣС
ӼСԼҹ̫ȭѵȴҶֹס
ǲ裿Ҷȴˮ֮ϡ
㣡СĥݺݵŶҶŮ̫ʢ
С겻ţɷ붭ֽһˮߵСĶԶҶ˵
ҶСһۣȻʹĴӦˡ
ˮεеĽȴҶӹһŮ˴ĽȻǺᡣ
һԵ޼ȣߵҶߵˣ仰˵üࡣ
Ҷһ˵΢΢ȴȻҪӵĻؾŷˣ
СˣСýǰŽʽ
ǵĵ˻ǿֵģֻֻģʱʶȤߵһߣóλ
ҶŽ΢䣬ʮֵ˷ܣһǻѪת˶ˡ

һҶѰγ
˶ԾȷˣҶ˽͵ڱʽʼСһȡ
üޣҶȴ˼ƽֻսһС˱㽩ڰУŤŵĵɴ˫ĺɫҺӿ˲ȾʪȹսһɣأҲȥ
Χ۵˼˱ʣһʱ˭ҲûӦ
С꣡С˵ϵСϣ̽̽ͻȻڵأûˣ
㣬ݣˮմ䣬
޼ĶҶùȾѪĽȺ
ʱĶҶͨ죬տˮ޶˵ķţӿš
򣿹ҲסˣСûɱһˣ𾪡
ɫƽֻǵҹļؿָˣ
Ŵ죬ϼϲǣһۻѪС꣬üͷ
ȿȣʾӸ뿪
Ҷɱ˵ǳ˳һʱ䴫ӪС
Ԫȥ̽ƣصӪоͼС
СŵԭɣƽţС
УӢ޼ⲽ±飬վڶҶߡ
Ҷ˫ֱͷڴϣŵӰһһĿĿİĳһɰСŮڳջԺŽһʮкӣСС۾谮ĿĵȺѪһѺɫĽСŮվһԣޱ飻¥ĮСŮ߸һŮΪ˲赹ˮ
ԪУҶͻȻ̧ͷסԪѩƮ䣬һ÷÷Ȼͷ׵½ǣӴǺһĨϸܺЦŮˮĿ⣬ӯӯһ÷ժЦŷ뿴Уͷٵ㷢й뷢䣬áˮеӰ˫ˮ࣬ڳĺ飬ȫ
Ҷ죬зᣬ£۽һֱ뾱䣬˿˿ʹ޷Ҫ˺ѿ
ʮԪʣѹǧصƲֻһǻ붭Ҷ
ҶҡͷɫңˣȻʮĵεΣ˰ɣ˼ˣ˸
ҡҶԭԾֻ꣬Ǹ˲ļѡ
ɱˣʶУƽȣ˷ҪܵɵƲõġ
ԪȻѣһ˲ʧɫһЦԭ㣡ʮﲻΪɱ˶ڻ
Ҷһ仰öڰյҲ˵ء





070  

ҶԵ޹󣬱óĬˣԸţ˭Ҳ
˵Ҷ书ҲӦ뵱ȻȫϵˣʵȴˣĪ棬ʹӦ֣һһʽǸ£һǳɡ
رĺãůգѩ໯ˣսҲӦʱ˶׼
ɱˣʮ˵ֻϰƽڶҶ˵أԶҶһνһƽ˵ʮ껹ûɱѪ龰ɲʱҶҲԼֵֹģҷƢ
ˣӰѲ˰ںãһɫɫϵ
Ҷüͷ𣬲ôû⣿˵꣬ȫѪĻ棬΢΢˿㲻
΢ҧԸ˵Ҫлȵģַˣǰ䣬˵ĸоҲʧҲºͣϲԴӻָͻͻȣʱҲˡ
˼ڷҶͻз꣬Ȼ־Ͱѿһ߷ӣŵ
ҶίӣһʱҲôñ˿ԼأǸʮˣļԵԼ˼ĵز
ҳȥߣҶеⲻȥӣֱ˴ʡ
ʰŵƬ˳ҹûǰˤ֣ѹ
صĲ˺Ƭּ֪˴룬Ҳ˳ȥ
ҶӪҹ䣬ԴɱСεġ
ʮʶµģ׽ڴʮͲڰŶ°ѽļǣͱųѪڰɫϣѪһƬ޶ԣνٽᣬŮȴŻ󶫴·ûñӵȴŹˮﻨӣͰѶ±ӵˡ
Ҷʲôߵڵͷ˼ĶҶߡ
Ҷ̧ͷﾡǲмȻһ
ЩңҶٿʱЦ绨öԲˣ
΢΢ͷȴδһ
ңҶʵ
㡭˭ԥ˫⣬ˮ£ˣֻǷİȴ
Ҷ̾һŵʣҶԼ˭
ǶôĹѽ
Բȥ£ֻԼģͲˣ°һŵŵҶУ
룿Ҷʣ벻⣬ЩҲסǻɫĹϸƣСʮҪĻܵס
ţҶҵҶס΢΢ģһůֱָġ
ʮﲻǻˣֻѣ˶ãͶԱ˺ãûʲôѽҶ֣ЦЦ
㣿¿ſտյģɬİ
Ҷߣ߹Űƣ֪ӺδҲ֪δȥһҪ޶ˡ
ҡ£ʮĿ֣ĲңĿҲļ֣ʹҸоˣտʼڣҶ֣ҶʮģǱĬӰ
Ҳᰮ𣿡µ۾Ʈߵƶ䣬Ƽ˼ȡ
Ҷᶨ˵ᣬİѳʮﻹڣҲͷҲص뿪ģ
粻ɩɩ
ʮﰮȴѲˣҶ峺ˮʮ˵
ߣ㵹װʲôʮʲôҶͬһˣɱ˾жΣ̴ûǾˮҶͶԶҶĺ⡣
䲻ӪУ֪Ҳ٣ĮˮΣھ
Զ߸ϣԶһĮ̬ÿһΣûƬ̵ᣬֻһ㣬ˮνҧ촽ǿίļˣΪΪ٣Ϊǰ㲻κ˺ǣأСĹȴмһˣҪˣġˮε߱һȴϡ
ˣˮΣԽԽˣΪҶ̣͵ôߣ
ҵôߣ㱻꾫ϣĵ˿̵ˮûй¸ߣûޣమ˵ŮһеԹߵˮ
ŭ⳹׵ıֺĲˮϸķ۾ѹȴ䣺ҪΪʲôҲ֪ղҶɱС꣬СҶһҪ
ˮο˫ֹͣʶΪĴϢš
£ҪˣһߵĶҶЩƣΪ統˵ĻֻһϷԣЩŰ
Լȥú÷ʡ֣ˮαڵأ˫΢΢ʶ˵ԡ
û뵽˵ĻģҶŶ£Щ߷ȻҳҲŭ
¿ԶˮΣĿ΢˵С֪书ȫʧȴҪԣϲ⣬²ҪҲգ
Ŷ˼ΪҲŶŭģʱҲд֪Լû书Ҫ񾭵ĴӦ·ֺȥأȻųʮӿǰ˼ά죬ȴɡ
¿˶ҶһۣͻȻЦʶҶƽȣ޹
ҶƲƲ죬ΣҲȻͣ˻ᣬֵȥˮ˵ΪС걨ҵˣá
´ҶЦ
ұ޼ԵģȴӦС꣬Ҳ֪ΪʲôرҶü΢ЦѪ
Ѫ΢Ī߾鵤֢״
ԣʱҲ֪ô˾ûڣõʱͷԳЩ书ʽСôһҾһ֣ҽˣҶЩյͷĹȥ
㲻ɱɱ㣬Ҳ̫𣡡°ѶҶӵ뻳Ȱο
ҶԺѪ£ʹĳ̲סʵǲǺܰ᣿
ǡߴЦΣŵʱʮԱ߿Űɣ
ף֪ҶĿ
뵽ʲôƵģæǲµģұ֤ûʮ
ô֪˵е£
УҲ䣡º·ʱ֮Ǻһ˿Ц
˭ûһЩȥҶܣ졣
ʱҵһΰԼŪѪˣǳеҲЩģӴԺÿĶͲһĻԼɱ





071  Եı

Ҷһ۶±ŭļ͸סʮļӳֳ֪ǼֻҪһ׼Ӱ졣
»˰ɣҶǿ˵˵˾Ǹöãƫƫǡ
³̣ͷڳˮյıÿĴʲô
ŶҪ𣿡Ҷĵʣһսô뵽һЩ˻ȥ޻أ
µͷ̧ͷԶҶ΢΢һЦǺ¶ĽɾڣҪ£
ôôˣҶڴĿŶ£ߴЦϢǰŴ󣬴ȾһĨԵĲ࣬˫鲻ԽĲľγ
ĥĻˮ席ٲǣԡ
ҶڿԭˣĽ§Ҫǹ¶į꣬Ӵ˾ͲƮ
ӴԺȥľҾȥġ쳣ӣҸʱô
Ҷϼ޸ңһʱϲΣԵЩ޴룬٣źϣȻ޻˵
ɵɵӣĻƽӰӣҶ֣װ𴦡
¾ŵ̿ˮ
һǮ𣿡Ҷתһ̵ֱ
Ļش벻Ļߵգû뵽һ䣬²۸ǰС˵Ůӣ˫Ų˵ʵúܡ
ǱˣôصڱأӴһ̣˼һʵҪңʵʵİѼҲ˫ϣǷˣҶشΪûǮݣͷ˼䡣
ǰͣ¼쳣ļһ䡣
ҶָԼɴӶŶĴǣߵ㻹˶ʮ꣬û˵з磿ɵй͹û³粻ңΪ־ˣǵøնɣ
סЦ˵ͷ
ҶˣԵЩԵãü΢οµûǮҲʲôԺ㵽¥ƹġ
ϴ㲻֪𣿡ƽ֪ʱ˳ĵĶԶҶ˵¥ǰӲˣ
ôˣҶؿڣӾû
ּ֮¥Ҫʧ˭ּ塣ƽС˵ŶҶͨ΢΢
ҶٸѣôõǮ֮ѽʵ϶һһӱʾôûˣôġ
֪ˣʵ϶ǵҹӱ׬ȥˣԲ˵ģҶǸѽĶ£޹⣬˭ʮǰ̹أ
ӢأҴǮׯأҶһ˿ϣĿƵĿƽ
ƽһ̶㵽¶ԴЦǸΣѣ乫ˣ
Ҷһţߵµûѽû뵽ģǮׯʲôѽײаûɽһֻԼ֪ĵطģԴԺĿǴǮһӣѾûתϿ
ºƽԿЦãֲ֪Ҫΰοվһɵ޹˵
Ҷ˺ʹ˲ΧۣӢ㣬Ӽòˣһ⡣
̼޵ֱ¼üͷ⺢ӣ˿޳Ҳ֪ȰȰʵڿȥǿ޵췭츲ص˶ο
ҶǿҪֹסˣ˰οŶ϶ߣ˵˵ûһСϰգʹôǮͷӶûʣһʲôΣʱģµʱҾǴˣءûǮҲˣʵǻȥˣ
˵һȫǿЦáϷ޼ҲȺǱȥ
Աߵʵү㼱ȥģ
޼һۣȻָָŽߣ׺ҹ˵û˵˲ҲŹ֣ȥЩģ
ŶȻ˽룬ǵСյ
ߣֱڶҶһͨ޵óС˲תΪϲŶ»˴С
¹ӵ˵ʲôôЧƽżѰ˼
⻹˵ǰ˾ŲǮ¶϶˵
ƽһĴȵ֪ˣ¹Ӷ˽˲ٽ鱦
һƽһ߿ˣΪƽԸš
棬ѪսӣڽʿٶЩţҲһıЩս԰ʲôġ
ɽʱ򣬶ҶһЩʿһĥеıһԲڣһҪ
ӼҶһ˿ĥҲ˵ʲôֻһ߿š
ҶûнѡһѣѱѡеԴ⼣ĽĥóγηյĹâ
ҶߣС΢ʣײǺýĽô
ýӢۣСѾͷƬӻý֪ˣ˵ı๫Ҳ
Ҷ΢ߣ̧ͷ뷴ȴͷϷһ˫ЦӣĨЦٻƵϦ·ҫۣ˽ɢĹʸ۾
Ҳɱ𣿡º͵ʵ⾵ǰԼŹˣǰŮӣһһȪǱģϲŭֱӡ
кβ𣿡ҶŻ䴹ŵľӨ͸䣬ЩʣΪʲôЩ˺ã첻˫òҪǻۺͺǲƽ
ﵨʶˣĳʵ䴽΢Цʮջ
̧ˣҶڨЦ٣ʤգ˿ߣʵߡ





072  

ٹʰղϡ⣬̼磬ҶһһЦСβ֪
ԻĳȤ΢΢ǣĴһ
ҶΪԼֶʵصüãЩ˵ĵҼöˣûʲôϡģͻȻﴺһԺҹ飬֪ᱻߣӦ͵͵һЩ
ЦҶյʵڿɰ֮壬ݸҶѵú͹ͶԵ񣬻Цɣ
һԵ๫󺧣һῴЦճϿҵĻ٣һῴ崹ߵĶҶ㲻ôĶѾͷһù֪˲Ź֡
⡭Ҷټٵƴһ㣬ɿĽӹﻹ˵ͻȻҵ֧ѣ׹ܳĵ˵
һԵС΢΢죬ƭ˵ѷó˵ĻҲ࣬ôһ壬СɵϣɵӶ֪
þͺãںڵЦ⣬ϸϸ˶Բ԰׵Сסϲö͸ķɫСɿɰʹЦҲá
Ҷŵ䣬̧һЦлˣ
Цֻǵ˵ͷ
ףСҶӣҿʲôˣҿӵ˳޼үˣһͺħצҶ̽ȥ
Ҷǽȣһ࣬˳־𽣣ֻֿȥ
޼ɿջ֣°ﴧί˵СҶǲϧ񡣡
޼ҶΨһľǲСһƲʯͷϣȫĵĥ
Ǻǡ޼չȶЦ㳡
֣Ǻһȥ޼ҶҲͲٶ˵ϾһսͬСɣΪүϵң⡣
ãӦ˿ȥ
ҶĥýʱĴһƬİѽʣԼĴȥ
УˮںͶ̸ȥȴ½ס
ӣ׼ţ˵꣬һƳˮΣʾ뿪
ˮޱ߹ҶߣƺʲôҲûһ
ҶһȥЩʲôô䣿ŶҶе㷢֣¡
ҶԴӻָ书󣬾Ͳˣ·Ҳ٣࣬еΪƴĥĹϵ
㿴ҶױƵóԼ佣
üͷҲսɣ
ºŲͬ⣬Ҷɨˣȴĵ书ôãȥɱУ˷ѣ
սɱУܶϷʹ书ٸߣҲɼ꣡ο书ºûӵָ
㻹ҵĶأҶӵʮļ䣬ֻһɱн٣οѹôꣿ
㵱ղɱС˵߾鵤ãֻȱ˶һ֣ջԼʮ֮ģľ㣡ѵöԶҶŭĿƣͲ֪Ҷ֪ݿˡ
ôףҵ²ܣ˵оͲае˾֪ǶԼãȴƫƫ顣
ҡ֪̫䣬ҶѻڣֻҴ˻ɣ
ʲôŷˣ㣬ںʮվһˣױ㣡Ҷ룬Լǵ˵Ҫȥģһ⻹ǫ
ʱӸպýʣһɫ䵭Ķ¹죬ԼҹҲѷɫİĿ棬ҲƼְֲ㣬ܺ˹š
ºͶҶΪ䣬ԳԵСƽͶҶͬˣʱҲԾڶм䡣
ţε֪ģʰĶҶЦеֱӣ˼ڣϧ̾ʮٷһ㣬Ƕѽ
ɣӾô
µ֪ȤĲҶķ񾢶Ѽֲ֣ʱ򣬲˵ã
㣡Ҷһˮ쵽ǰ
Ů˾ǹģ΢΢һҶǡ㲻ԣҸûꡯĿ⣬㲻ԸĽ
Ҫŵζû˳Ҳ׳ԣҶŶ¡
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Ҷҳȥһ£۽ӿӨҺ壬æ꣬˴ʡ
ӰѼʶļй¶ı顣
ЦЦＱҲˣҶ첻µز£Ȼ³ǳϡ
һｵһ¹µľǹˣӻֹסЦ
ߣã˭ңҶ߷Ȼ
Ƭ̺󣬶»ʱ˸ŨüۣӢӡ
֣ҵ찡ԽԽ˧أҶȵЦڵ硣
üë߽ҶεҿҲԽԽأ˵꣬ЦЦһߵĶ¡
ȷ۾ûëԼɫ԰ףģأ
Ѿͷô˵𣿡Ҷգ
磬̳ϺõҶ壬Ǻȸʹ죡һһ̳ߵߡ
ζĿ۶£üͷ˵£ͻȻôĲϰߣ
˵꣬ĳϾͽ˲˪
ӣãǰ
翴ӣһЦ
ϵĺ¾ͺĴص˶
ףӣôô죿ҶƳ˶ߣЦʵ
ϸã֨ǡͷ̫䣬ЩԲӦ
Ǻǣ֣Ҽӣɰ磬근ʮߣС
ӲˣӶŽţת˳ȥ
ҶӵıӰ̾˿ŴŮǺߣƤô======================================================================
ҪȥҽԺǳ£ΪܲãҩûкתҪȥûв䣬ţŮһҪԼǸıǮѽ





073  ı

ȥȵҶһЩĿ࣬Ҫ̲Ǽٵģʱ
ţһ£ǲϢҪȥƴŶҶ̲סѡ
°Ⱦһ죬ԵĶˣҹյƺЦ⣬˳ָҶһݹ˵ҶҲȣ
ҶҡҡͷȣɲȺͿˣǻҲҪģ
һҶߣİѾƱ͡
½§סƵĶҶȵϢϣѡ
ҶջĴ꣬ʵӣȻ鲻ԽڶƵЦºǱͷ˰ҩľơ
ϲζҶᴷؿڣͷ̫ˡ
ϰ˾ͺãٺ٣ʮǷЦڶҶԽԽͷҲԽԽΣʤҩ˶»
Ѿͷưڸݣ翴ŶСİѶҶϣֵҪ
ǲǺ޲ھңҧʵɫˮƮľƱ˵ˣ⻵£
ŬŬ죬վȥéޣֻͷҪҪһȥ
ºݺݵһۣ
ӽʰֻ꣬ѹʶ£ӣ˯˻ǣ
ţҸЩҩ˯һû⣬úչ˵Ҳ˴ʡ
ڵʰһᣬߵҶߣҶ΢΢૵ˣ
һ˵꣬Ҷһֻ۾
ӾûţֻС治ϣ
ӣҪϲҶ
ǰɣڲ˼ӸҶôãȻǶģֻʱ򣬺ˡ
ɣҪȥ˯ˣǰ˵
ո˴ĶҶεɻشϣ˻˵ģֲ빦һĶͶȥȵĿ⡣
ӿҪ˵¾
ӣЪϢȥɣ¼ڴߣ˵
ҶŲҶֽסӵ䡣
ӣ㣬ҪϢˣЩ֨ɫЩȻҶ֣뿪˴ߣ˵ϣҶգֹǺõġ
¼ӹĶ˿ʧˣŮԽԽˡ
ָָҶָָ⣬µͷ˴ɹʶ
װεĶҶȻ֪ӳʾ֭ôܽü޵һء
һϤϤͣ󣬶´ŵľߣס֣Ҷ̵ú࣬ͷð亹
ߵϢģҶȷµǷ˯ˣһξúǶôҪԴ˷ֱ˯û˯ţҲ̵ޣȥͿƲˣҲ̫ˡ
˯ûҶ˵ˣͼװΣش
бۿ΢΢ĳëݸһЦ
Ҷ˿۾˲ţ˶µ־´˳ȥûһ˵۾˯ˡ
ҹӪ䱸ϣʱʿѲ߶
Ҷé޳ñˮϴ˰˲࣬ȥ˯ȴס
˲ǱˣǱˮΡ
кδͽ̣Ҷʵ˫ֻĿȴÿ͸źˮΡ
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Ҷܲʱ߹ʿʵȷʵ⣿Լˮβġ
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Ҷ˻ᣬվȥˮأţͷأƺʮȷҶ
ˮȥĵطӪزԶ֣ΪҹأҶҲûʲôµģҲ书ҳӪ֮ǰ˳˰ѽ
սıѻȥҹɺ˪Ϯˣؿ֦ĵϣʱ֦ѵġ˻Сں¸߹ңɪĿҶһ塣
ͺʱһ¶ڶҶĲϣȵġ
˰ɣûˣлͿ˵Ҷͣ½ŲǰˣûҪǣűߡ
ˮҲͣ½Ųȴûת
þãˮζ˵һ仰
ҶǳסΪС걨Ǿսپҿû磡ȥ·˻ǲͰװװˡ
ˮƺʲôǲ˵
˵ˣҶ˵Ҫߡ
뿪ˣˮ˵
ˮεĻ䣬ȴûƽʱľ󣬶Ҷ֪Ƿˡ
ΪʲôҶʡ
ΪʲôˮЦת޺޶ŶҶ
ˮ毺õݣڰ˪£ԵЩҶ룬Ů˷ǲôÿ
Ϊ㣬ҺԱңֺΪɱʺɱ֮ˮκߣƽҶ
㲻³Ҳ۶ңɱʺҲɱ֮ѽҶ죬֪ԼЩǿʶˣ·ߣ벻öδ֪ΪĹϵȷʵǼЩ߻
ߣû㣬СˣˮκӶҶ֪˿ĵˣֱֳ
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ˮûϵҶŭһʱ֪ķ֮ҶµС߷òЩСðĽȴʮͨԴ󣬳ӲױŮջ
ˮջĿ⣬ɬЩҲδؾ󣬱ΪδԼ뵱ȻΪԼرģڲףԼǶô棬ЩůŮ˶硣
ȣҶˣﻹŸ˲Ҷ̣Ҷ⣬ʲôˮᣬҶЩĻţƽʱģʱҲޣֻһŮˡ
ˮͻȻ˰㣬ϽߵᣬҶʱǶ޺޵ġ
ǲǺܰ£Ҷ˵ֻԼһƣô׳յҲʡ
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ҶǲΪİֻ˵ȥֵ𣿡ΪһԼȥǾȥġ
ûôˮβ⡣
Ҷ۵ûţ㲻ͷ㵽Ҫ
Ѿ˵úˣ뿪ˣװͿˮԵúߣ˫ĿԲɡ
ΪʲôҶʡ
㡭ˮŭɶղŵɻֻẦ㰮ĻԶ㣡
ôˣڲǺúõҶ޹ӣˮθӵıŭ
úõġˮĵͷˣ¼Ҫģ㶮⺦˾ˮһǰҡҶԾĶҶҡǷеҶͷɢˡ
ԭҪģҶԼ񾭴ȻҪô˵һֱΪֻǶһ˵ģ룬ҪǴˣ˾·أԼɵˡ
Ҷ԰׵ɫһ֣ˮͣЪСҪ붭ҶԣΪ˽鷳ģСòµİ֮ģֻǹ˼ҶİΣǼ£ѴˣɱõһӵĺޣֻöҶԼ뿪Ų꼰ˡ
뿪Ҳ޲ѽʺˣϻưո𣿡
ȻУˮ˿
ʲô
ֻҪϣˮҧҧ˵
㲻˵˵
ҪӦңκ𣡡
Ҷɰ̣ջǵ˵ͷô˵עοܶδĺӡ
ˮ߶һ󣬷˵ͷ
ðɣɣҶ˵˾䣬תˡ




074   ڼ

ҶĽŲԶȥˮڳ˿¶ѵõЦݡ
˰ɣˮͻȻʵ
ҹ¿֣塣
һ΢΢ˮε½ǣ߳һˡ
粻£ֻѳһʬ˵˵
ˮξ˷ˣ
˵͵ЦëȻҪѾͷȥô˵ˣ
Ӧң˵ģˮκܿ϶˵
ŶЦ
Ų㣬ˣͻΪκ£Ҳ⣡ˮ뵽ˣЦȻ
ǿЦ˸Ӱӳĵϣǧ꺮ı
ˮķ亹ûйĿ־塣
ʲôתˮΣɫ࣬ɫĳɫΪһ壬ɫȽȽ֣§סӯӯˮ
ʧǵˮ类߲һ롣
ֲǵһΣαأϵľȣ˵Цݺᱡ
ƳҪʲôŮûУˮԭݣҲ΢΢
һֻֽǯ۵ʹӿˮӵǰòұȴ߶ӡ
˭˶ҵŮأ
͵ɳƵԲǰߵỮ䣬ûڼĴϢУˮҧأҲ˵г§˺ݺݵģ˺ĵط
ɹ֮ԸԳˣƳˮĽգȻ󲻽Ĵһߵ·
ѽҵˮεͷй¶¹µĴסȻ̧ͷҪߵӣݺҧ˴ʵôֵȥ
Ȼã룬ãƳЦţ˳ˮε㵣תӹ֣˲ûӰҶһ·߻أͷǻʮԴļ䣬ʮ˵Ļ࣬˵ģʮ㲻봺ҲƵߣ̵һξ⾵ʮ̸𴺾ʮ˳˵һ䣺Ǵˣʮ˵ʱñʱֻĿƬ̣
Ҷȣ̬ʮ֮ģ䷢ʲôѾ˼ȥֺʧʮأ
Ȼˣʮ￴˳Ҳĵģ˭õĳأǽŮҲǶӵŮ˭ϣһ˿ֵһףΪĸױƽΪӵ뽭йִԶӵĺ⼫ԭ
ڶҲ޽ÿÿʮһʱ᲻ϵĹԽĲʮڶӵĲ߶ǳᷳԴ󲿷ֵʱ򶼸һΪ˶סӶıԹֻöԶӦΪʲôְΪ£˶ӵͶ޼İɱ֯ԭ
ҶججĽ˴ʣڴߣˮװ˺ɱʱǱзӣ˵Իߣɵǲأʲô˰ûǵòûийļҲûʲô书ţΪҹ
Լ߾鵤ûӺûˣ벻ɶԿΪ޽ԼвҲһ˰ɣʮҲҲ˰ͷ飬ౣӰɣ
Ҷ˫ֺʮĵ档
Ҷղȥˣ¹ɵĿŶҶ֮ǰҶǰų˴ʣž͸ˣ˭ϸճȥͱһźӰˣΪǵз̽ӣͽϣǺӰ˰죬ˡ
ͻʻѶҶŵòᣬǶµҶѹѹɫ۾˵ȥˣҵþˣ
ûֻ֨ǵͷϵѥӡ
ҶͶȥһĨĿ⣬éʱȵһˮĿӣʪճЬˣ
ţǰ£¶£ѥӡ
£ղȥ𣿡Ҷ͵ʵ
ţȴһӰˣ
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ʲôҶˮ
ͻȻ̾˿ҲܰôҪ֪һи⣬
ֻһôˣҶ˵һֱѽ֪Ǹǻ
һЦ
ڶһ̧һĿ£Ҷע⵽ĿвƵĵѪ˿вԼĴĴ⣬ϸЩӣǰµϵ̨һҹԼȼһĲᡣ
£ϢɣҶѶϴΪǺñӡ
´ʺЦҶܳѽ
ţһֱģֻûְˣҶϹŵЦҲȷһ£ҪȥǻǸˣñΪԼˣôǶʮһ͵ģҲǶġ
ҶİѶҶ뻳Ҹļ䣬ʱĹ¶׵ĲһֱҸİ֮˵ıѸңΪⱲӾһ˹¶գįϣҶҪңһõҩңǻһһ𡭡
ţţҶڶĻ̧ͷ毺õеѹԼεأ
Ҫ뿪ңߣһᱣ㣬úõĺǻ㣡¼˵š
ҶˣҪҪ˵ʵأ˵ʵԼȥ𣿡£ţҲߣҲҪǰģңҰ㰮һ
㲻뿪ңӴ󣬾»е˶ȥһ
šҶĻشЩ顣
ĬĬӵţĸůļʣøĳȣʹǲҲܸо˴˵ԵеעһĹޡ
£ϴ˵СһլԺ̫ԶģһɣҲϲ̫ҶԹԵ˵ţеĺô֪ģ⣬׬ǮɽӣȻԺӵĳ
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075   

Ҷٴʱ컹δߵλѿգõ£ϴϣһױɫˮĶȹһЩҩͽҩϡ
׷ĻѰŵľӪյ磬Ҷ߳⣬ŴҴææ߹ȥʿǵ쳣࣬쳣俢ŵʹһȥδҲĸ׻ʧȥӣӻʧȥӻʧȥס
Ҷ뿪ʱ·ϵλĵĴүƶȴůĴׯǶԶս˵Ρ
ҹպܸɾңԶ߻ż貵ǣĹ⣬Щ¸ҵ˵ϣȻ˵ļį
һųìʿһվڶҶǰ
ҶϤһʱ벻
ʿһЦнǰЩ죬͵¹ӵʱңҡҲǽţ˵
ŶѽҶˣǸҽСõļһ
ʿϲĵ˵ͷ
ҲҪǰ𣿡ҶͻȻ˸УʮߵֻͣǸӡ
ǰߣʿһȻ
ҶЦôѡǰߡҲˣҲȥ𣿡
ţһȥ֪Ҳˣ޶΢΢죬ͷ
ƽģָͣо̫ˣҶܣ۾Ҳɬֽסʿ֣ϵף
ҵãر۾ʿмһЦɵ
ʲô֣Ҷʵ
ʿ˼ĺ˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦн֣˲˸СģΪΪ٣Ϊ
ͷʱŽææ˶Ҷڽʿȥˡ
ҲȥɣܹҶӪһƬյȥ
ôľ򵥴վ̨ϹŵɫӣдáҹվĴ֣ƮĺϮսʿǵȴҡǼ͵־
ڽʿкǰףճìĲǶϣý˵ǰģؼһĬȷӿȵģһ̣˵ľĶǣ˵ġ
߾٣ʿ̵սԶҶ˵ֻԹߣˣȴƤµʵĴӶǰ߹ֻý˩ǧص
ؤǰӢӢˬվǰҶæӭ
ӢҶסӢ֣ؤڵӣӢĴ£Ѳǵں֮ڣʱ乭ì壬ƺƴؤӾռ֮һ
μѹѹĶһŹ£쳹е߶ڶҶϣʱ΢΢ۿ̫Ҫƶˡ
ҶƸжֻѪڣһξԭ˵Ĺ٣Ҳһβپ
ҿҶæ˵ѧ˵Ҳࡣ
ͬ־ǡҶ˶١
һƬĬҲǳ̫̫ԭöҶôЩر𣬵Ҳʮš
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Ҵȫ񣬴֯лǣллΪ˹ΪСңллΪǧ򻧵ҸܲллȫȻԹ޻ڣ˵꣬ҶƺƵؤΪ̫жûԼڹŴ̫졣
󣬰ͦأ־Ĵ
Ǹúӣ̿ŶҶǺοЦ⡣
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ͷӣ̷һɣֵ
СҶӵ̫ɰˣ޼Цһʮֲ䡣
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ֵǣ֪ؤʲô𣿡Ҷɨڵ֣ϵǻһͷˮ
ҶҲӣ˵ؤǧǰɨԭµһʦү˭Ҳ˵ȴò˵Ϊԭδܰʥǲݺӵģţµһ򹷰ҹң߶ǹؤڵĴ򹷰ҽɽ׳ɽӡ
ҽɽ׳ɽӣڽʿһʱǹľǹٵľٵȭĻȭʿǣ죬һεسɽ֮ơ
޼һ֣ͣ
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һսֻӮ䣬ڽʿȫԸѵоɱƬײ޼ݵ˵꣬˶ֵ׼һ£ʱʽ
Ҷ޼ҲĿ֮޼ҶŲ
СҶӣھкúôţ֪𣿡һ׵޼ħһó˾
ҶΣ˭һһȸûأֱˣ󵶣ֶ񺮵ġү㲻ո˵û𣿡
޼üͷҾͦõİ
ǵһ̣ҶƲƲҾʺʹڣоȥűȽϺʣ
ףô֪أ޼ƦƦʵ
ʱ˻ûҶ۷ͦεġ
ϴҹս֮ʱүǰʹҾӽ͵ģЦǲջʢ˾Ƕ⣬Ʋ۾
޼Ҷüе֮ɫ
ҶͷתѶһߡ
ˮڶһ塣
£ҪСİҶùʲôͥڣż׼ǺÿĴ¡
ĦΪ㣬һСĵģ





076   㲻

СڸûУóˣ޼ҡӣƼҶͶӣͻв졣һϣߵĽʿõʾ֡
¡¡սǶľףϯضӹ΢գڽʿͷ޼ϸߴĿӭűĳǰкʽǧʿǽеԿãã
Ҷվ̨վϣŶǰϤӰİˣİˣѣǧۣزʶǶͬĿģԡѪսδ֪ϣ
ǻȥɣӿĶҶס֡
嫵ĶڶҶʧľӪפʿв٣˵ҲǴ⣬½ˮγ˲ĵͼŵͼܹǰս
ţҶͷץӵ֣ŮûɹǶʮﻹǶҶһĹ
ȥ;УҶŲӵ֣ԶһĻɣǧɽˮ˵ȴ֪µĲ̣ȴ֪ݵı磬ůõһʱʱ䡣
ӣһҲߣһҪúչԼҶͣ½Ųۿգˮۿεֻһֱţö¿Ҳǰӿ
˵ʲôأȥģӶȥĵģӺ˵ţϻŸղŽʿǰı˸С
ɵӣҪӣҪչ˷ôһ̺أҶ΢Цһȥ֪ʱܻɹãɹô⽫һθѾͷ̸ˡ
ӵȾһ㵭ĺΣǺˡ
ȡЦˣƲƲС죬һ۶ҶŮҵ˼Եİϡ
ʲôɺģҴҪ޵ģҪ˼ģҶٺһЦ
Ӻ˿εӶҶ
ӣϲľȥ׷ҸҪԼȥȡģһζĵȴֻ˸УЩ飬˾ûˣ
ӵͷСʵĿ𣿡иһӢӵӰ߸ߵĸӣŨüۣˬʵЦݡ
Ȼˣ㲻ɹҲûʲôŬ㲻˵ô֪ϲأԻŮ׷иɴ𣿸οŮСڣûҪģҶû˵Ƥûĺ
ţ峺Ĵһ˿ϲãСڳ°
֪ǵˣõѽҶüĵģŴս˵ĶŹȥɱҴﰵ˶أһǰϮ
ǻʤģ¹ӻûµģҲûµģﲹ
ӣҵúһζҲǰ취ȥЩĸҳ԰ɣгԵҾͲˣӣԲˣҶķſӵ֣ķȥ
ҰһãתͷԶҶ΢Ц
ҶͷӵӰʧҰġ
صӪУ˼׼õ·ѽϵϣѸӺͶµŷϣóͼ˿Ȼպõͼӡ
ΪҶʿѣִñӣӪƣĳӪء
ҹѹķֽ֮һܴƽ⣬Իɽսĵصǿ˵൱ƽأҶֻҪҹڵɽд˽籮߾ͻҵǾսĵص㡣
ҶԺʮṦ䣬ķ׾ٵķȻδ֪Ųɵĸо˷ܲѣֱֵ͵Ц
ɽ£ҶͣŵľֻǴ˽ϡ
Ƕ죬߶ˣҪȻǲɽ·ģ书ҲԸߣ˭֪ɽֵĻ᲻д֮ġ
ҶϢ㣬ӺϵķΪҶòôż³ʮṦ䡣
Ҷķɱ˵Ĺˣһ񣬾ͻ׹µΣգɭ֣֦Ҷܶ࣬ɿݵ֦żᱻҶײϣ֦֮ʱҲǶҶʹ֮ʱżܶı֦Ѿס·ⲻֹˡ
ˣҶ˳ƱסһˣСĵĽ⿪·֦Ѿﲻͣ£·ɭ֣һƾ֪ؤģ
Ϣ£Ҷ͸˶ͷϵ̫ǼһλãҲǰ˾ŵӣ֪Ⱥ˿ʼû
ҶΪ˲ʱ䣬ַķľٵŬķţһˮ̶ȹڣ΢΢Щʹ
һߵսϣѴ˺һˣѹɴƳΪ˧һȺܣƩ˪ѩ򸾡
ߵĶҶһֱ룬ôûͼָĵطҲǺԶѽ䵽ϣͼϸ
İѽҶͷһͷ˳ߴ·˰ɣǵù˽籮ߵѽĿãȻή֣˵ôãûҲЩɣ˴Ⱥܡûŵͼһ֮¾ԼһѣͼϱϣҶʵϾͲѽ治һĿɱ̾
սһƬޣϸ첲ȵѪĴɽ书ߵĳ·ȾѪЩ͸֧֮⣬Ҳû֮ǡ
ˮڷ֮ʱŻĹˣʬɽԶĶǰԡѪɹʶ˴ʱδ֣洺ƳĿż̻̣ǱҶС꾫ˣ˰ɣ
찡·ˣ·˰Ҷ߾˫֣찧档ѹ磬ΪߵôæûгԵĶӿʼˡ
Ҷʮﵱ߽ʱľ飬һСϪͣ£˼ˮץֻ㿾ųԣûлӣΪ𣬶ܶɽɣŶȥһһ߰οԼΪЩսϣûϵġ
̫Ӷ䵽ߵսɱʬԱ಻ʤŨŨѪζϿգϵѪ꣬䣬һһ֮䣬µ
֪ⳡս˶ˣҲ֪жٸʧȥˣڰϮֵգѶ֧ѣϧȴǵͨӣ͸ŵΣʹ
һսԡ;֡βȥʱƺƵʱʧ룬սѪȵģ̵ģ˵ģ




077  һ˵Ľ

̹ǵĺХţѩתһֻɫĺɢ衣
յ糿ƮƮİѩʯ·̳ɵĽֵ쳣壬ֻżСĽ
ѹ߾һСǣӳǡֵֻȫװͺ
ʱӽ־ͷһڵŮӣںڵ㷢ѩΣɫ׵͸ȫ³ɫѥӣûһǺõģãһһ飬Ǳ
ʯķӣʯ̵··ߵͺȴߵһӵС̯ߣӡ࡯ĽҶƤ촽ǰɫڵİճһͷһڣҲǷȻ壬ǶˣһһҹûԶˡ
ûǮֻһ壬ǻٸļ񣬶ҶҪҪȥ˽±⡣
ӶǮһҶֱӰצӭȥ
Сɨ˶ҶһۣȻͷ˵һ䶭ҶĻ
㽲ʲôܲùҶս˵һ䡣
С´һ䣬Ҷ
㺰ʲôʲôҶСģһûӣͶ䣬õ
СֱӴ̯ڳצӺݺƿҶﻹ˵ʲô֮һ
ҶĿС֣ҧŭͲʣʲôǵ߾ôû֮ǰҹ֮û¼ҵ˿ѹҲзֵ
·˿ҶҲһӣ˵ʲôǲмĿ⣬Ҳ֪Ǻû
ѹ˻йȫ񿹵Уһ¶⡣Ҷ߱ͳһͷ𣿺۾ôˣ۾Ưѽ
ҶҪҪֱˣǮҲ˶Ҫˣʲô岻ĵͱ߰˸ͳһƷΧסˡ
ԹŹй࣬˵ͬҵĹٱвͬװǼʽԶһģһ֪ǹʷ֮ġ
еһƵӣȥӦ˵ͷɨ˶Ҷһ飬˵ҹģ
ὲģҶЦԣ
С۶΢УҲ˵ԣǺǣ̹ˮ˲⣬ֻҹģ
ô֪ǲҶͷ̫϶ı鼫ΪĲ
˫ֻ磬˵̹ˣˮ˿
Ҷδ㣬Ӧ㣡
︻ŵʮ꣬δԩһ޹ˣ˵һ̹˵ԣұ֤㣬ӳ߶
ƾ㣿ҶƲƲ˵䱸ϵĻʹŮҲ֮
ԭָ֣ĳͲˣ︻ͦкһ֣߰˸˾һᵶҶˡ
Ҷз𣬶Ĵ󵶣߰˰Ѵһ𣬵壬ġյĶҶŲǼ˵ĵϣһ֧ȷɿЩ˵ԴȥƮƮģʵȴǱߵԴ޵ֿҲŵһߣ໡ĽʹҲӶ
ֲ︻СһֿȭĳҶ˹ȥ
Ҷվԭأ︻ȭӵǰ֮ʱĪĵλãץס󣬾ôһŤ䱳󣬹ͷϵķ죬︻ʱʹֱ졣
Ҷ︻ıţʹſڵϣӻйġ
°ϵǮͳҶָ︻ĲӣݺݵĵЩߵñȴ뷴ۡ
︻ļʾ⣬Ⱥ˱ԹԵ࡮͡Ҷ︻ĲӣֵģҲó
ۿõòˣҶĶеһһ鲼ЩǮȻù
ԶĽŲϡۿԮҪˣǼһʱ䣬ڵӣҶһЦ︻ĲƽһѪͼӰ
ԮѾ಻ٲҶеǮ̯ȥ˼ͭ壬һǰӵİײ˴ԼʮӣȻԾܣſȥ
Ṧ˲һᣬ˳ǽһ˲ϿҶһ̤һƨ£̯װӵİײץӾ̻
ֱҶÿո̧Ƶطһ˾һԭԶһŮ˺ӣ۾ĭֱֱԼȷе˵Լǰʣµļӡ
Ҫ𣿡Ҷòһ䣬ҲܱŮ˻ɫͲʮԲԲüʲףеӣһһŮ߰꣬ˮεĺ
ллŮ˿˶Ҷӣѵ촽ֺ
ھĿ׵ͷ۾磬Ҷϲλö˵Ļ
ҶѰùȥŮߡ
÷ΣŮɺ˹ĵӷָеĺӣȻԶҶͷԼϸ
Ҷһǵӣ֪Ǵ˼ҵģֹ壬ʹ˻ķȡ
ǳ꣬ҶʵҲ˼ңôˣ
ŮӼҶһֱ΢΢һ죬µİû˵һ
ˣҶԼ̫ðʧˣ˼ƾʲôԼѽֲ죬ֲ⣺֪Ҫȥ
ǧȥŮ΢΢һЦǸлҶƽ⡣
ǧ飬ѹľҶŲʶ·أҲҪȥأֻ·ҲĻңǺҹˣ
ԣŮϱ֮ɫһ²ŵǹ£ӦǨŭƽյģૣӦҶ
ţ˵öԣҶæͷԸԸһͬУ
Ůɫˮӹһ˿ϲϸʣ𣿡
Ҷͷӻó壬ĿһᣬȻҧ鷳Ұȥ̵ˣõǮ֮󣬹һһЩԵĶҺ㣡
ŮӶҶһȻֿ˿Լӣһᣬͷ
Ѽѣ֣ҪԹԵ׻Ůĸӵϸϸ
ѼѺصĵ˵ͷ
ĸ˵껰ҶͰݵŮϣ֪γƺ˵߽壬һʹΪ˾ȳ𣬾ԼҲֵ˰ɣ
ţ﷼ǣŮ˿ҶĲᣬĶҶ֣мŶҶ
ҰҶˣǵö൱Ҷ̲סѣǳһͷڷһ˫飬Լȥ
΢Цŵ˵ͷ徧Өͨ͸ϸɫˮƣϵȵĻɫڹٻ֮ңҲٱôµĵǵһμ
߳һᣬҶ׷˳ȥŵıӰĺ㣬һҪ㰡
ѼѺּˣЦ
СƨЦҶֲװŭ





078  

ȥʱҶһûһĸСġȻԣȴҲܹסͣ˼Ҳ˵Ҳȥʡ
ùãҲǵͶ𣿡ѼԴʵһһӣС΢΢𣬻һС˶
Ѽѣйùãн㣡ѼѵС졣
ҶС֣СһͶСС;ôۣ˻ˡ
Ѽôһ˵СʵøˣŲأղŹùý׽㣬ǲн㣡
Ҷͷ˵Ѽ˵öԣѵҽס𣿡˵꣬㿴Ц
ּҶЦ϶˼ҿ˼ЩƶҶ
ֵСⶭҶ翴һȴñֳĽ
˵ĺ統ңˣ⹫ӸС⵽˴Բ˵Ĳ˰ɣ
ѼѱȽϵãͣҶǣյദ붭Ҷ׽òˡ
ѼѵǼ̳ŵӣ̬ĸŮʹղĵԣֱ˻Ǯͣ־Ͳһˣ֮ǰŸݰӵʱʹɫͿóĴϻۡ
ŹһʱŹһѼѺ簴ͲסȥˣҶ׽ҪôȥŲøϳɣʱ߽΢ЦŸݸҶһɴҡ
Ҷӹңͷ¸Ŵ֣ѽģ˻Ǯ
ţϸģҶ˵˵
ŶԶҶֱӳƺԼЩ⣬һ㶱Ц˵ùˣ˵꣬һɫСݸҶãǵǮʣµǮ
Ҷӹ򿪲˿΢΢һᣬ̧׿һŶĿ⣬ȻǼҵ̽ʲôţһʰҸգЩﲻöǮϺûɫǮٲǧ
΢΢ҧֵ֪飬ȴƾһν̣ƹĻӣһĶͿͷԣǮ˵̣Ļһ巽
Ҷ̾ѽżϸЩ˵Ǹġ
ãҡžöԲסҶ˵Ҳ
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ѼѺȴ˵һڴġͨ˵ѹЩ衣
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079  ծŮһ

գҶһڵѹľǧ顣
Ҷ͸ɫĴɴ磬˵شȴ˵ĸо꼫ıѹʹϱߣĿȥһĳǱʽ񷿽ȱȽǣǮׯǿջ͸Ӳͬĵ񣬶ҶĿɿڴǱʽķӲǾĽѹʲô壿
飬ǧ飬ֻһ֮ѡҶŽֵ߹ˣ˾ĵãƮѽƮѽڼ˷ܵ״̬С
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Ҳȹٲ׽ҲŹҧŴѶҶ󣬸Χ۵˵һЩҶĻЩ˱ɺ䵭ŵĻû𵽰á
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һһŻŻֽŸǰ罥ֹҲֹͣתֽ̯ڵϣѩˮʪһƬ
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һ·߹İĴ֣߽ͯĳǱǴƳĸ棬ģƽ̫ӸҶͣ￲ֱصţ̶Ľײ͵İѣ۵⼣߰ߵţҶķĵݣŻĸʴȳζ˰̣һֳʪʪǽڣŻԹĶȫ˳ߵ֭ն
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Ҷ̵зڵĶģԴȥڻƵĻ£ԶһηӰھŮ˺ѷε˴صĴʹ̶áЦԴԴϵĴ
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ҽ˿ηĹٲǽߵѾһϢԱߣһŭ
ҶǱŮӾ״ǽǣңҲ֪
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080   ծŮ

ҶŮĿС࣬Ƿŭͷȴˡ
ͷ¹ʵ㵨ӲС
ҶɨһͷһСһΪҶڸһȺ˵أԭö˻
ͻͦӲϴǵԱߵСһһͷĵЦš
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ҶǵĻȴܿóͷôҶ
˺ٻһͨȻѵʬ˳ȥηٴžĵĶɺŨңҶüͷһɾĵطϢ󲻵òطûһǸɾģر۵ǸͰɫͰ߻ðЩ֮éѾǳܵˣȻͰҪ
˶ˣҶԼɢעȥȦĵط
η֮ԿԿԷӣ໥ݶ
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Ҹû졭ŮС˵漴һЦɫŨҵıˣ˵ѪǿջЦȴ˿ʹ
ˣҶŮӲʱæĵʵλô࣬ô䣬ЩŮӲŹ֣
Ůҡҡͷ˫ֽǰ
Ҷͷһ̵̽òˣ㷢ˣ
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ֻȣĽûжϾúõָģƳ¶һĨޱȵЦѱʵĶҶ
µ٣˳ˮĴ䣬ÿˮңˣҶȻһ˿ңһ˿ϣһֱΪΪмȵ˻ĿأɵŮˣñϽҶݺݵţ񱻳Ƶģʹ޷ݣһ֮
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081  

ʶ·˵ƣѴɢߣƾ˵ŬһҲ޼£ҶԼҪɢˣḡϰ
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Ҷ˼ԵļҲƿգˮЦ绨Ǹ˻ɬŮӡ
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˵˭ҶѾõӣӳ۵׵ƻɴĴᣣδ񣬾˵˵Ҿ˵Ҫˣ㣬𣿡
ҶתͷҡҡͷתһߵһŮϣһúӿ˶ˣ˵ԣӣȽȽ˲뵭ڴеһ꣬紵㣬ЦʹȴҲǴĿģʶĿģ
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082  Ѳ

뵵ķֻʣ¶Ҷһˣ΢ϵĴڿȥԿëѩӭƮ衣
ǸСŮѹˣ˽ʱ̾Ȼöԣǹ⽲İɣҶƲƲ죬һת
ֻǹϵĲһ㣬˿вĴڣ֮ǰһ̵ʹ࣬Ѿܺˡ
֮ǰûöüͣҶԼΪʲôղʱȴ˵أ
һ裬Ҷ´ϲһˮҲãʶ֣ȴѲԼƣֻýʹս죬ӣǺһߣΪܰȫˮڣ˭֪յòãһĶˮӣӦǺ͵Ŀȡ
һˮȲˣˣҶ߷һŵӣڵķſȥûϣԼ߳ȥҳԵҲѽ
ýŰ߿ȥͼǰ桮һ죬˺ӣǹ浲ڶҶǰ
˿ţҶȻȥҲУгԵľˡ̫үͽͳԵ
ҶɨһޱþδӦ𣿻ƣ
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ƳĿҶվǰͷײӣԴ
վڸߴԶѹĽߵкü㣬ķ̫Ӹһ¥ĵ㣬¿ִĸоƺԼŷĳطУɻƱͿԻؼˡ
ҶĿ¥۹װĹŮִվڵĵһѹʱɻͿԻؼҵģ
ˣȵϢƳĵӴЩ
Ҷعĵײˬ죺˭ƨ£
ƳתĿ⾼Ƭ̣һ£е˼ǣұΪҵѨԭ㲻㣡
Ƕ£
˵أƳתصߡ
ӦǽƳгر֮ˣ˵´δйͻҶҲߣã˵㿴ͦ
ʲôƺ͸е˱裬ٱһսǵĴϣ糿մ¶Ļ꣬ޱȡ
Ҷǹ⻬ľˮʱһһ¹ĺᣬ̿ˮаˣˣ
ƺҶεɫƳͷһЦһ裬ݵҶߡ
ӣҶĿ˵
˭֪Ƴգգ˹⻪ֵӣǲ˶ûв衣
ԼղŴ򷭲ʣôһ㣬ҶղѣȹıӺȣ̫ˣ̰ɣȻٶһٺȣ
ƳеĲһҶЩڣ֪ͺˣʳˣأ
һʳˣһɽ亣ζļģûһ
ȻΪʵԭ򣬶ҶðһЩʳջȶٽ˼֡
ܲܽϺ裿Ҷñ΢̬ʣίȫ
ԷϲȲ裡Ƴŵĳ߳ԱӶҶ۹żЦ⡣
ѹǰŭҶݺݵ㲻Ϻ裬Ҿ߷˭Ҳԣû˰ʳǰҲѾ
ƳؿֻԼԡ
ˣԭ˼ѹ̼ģѵһ̫ˡ
Ƴ̧΢УӺ˵Կ
˵̫үô𣿡֮󣬶Ҷûкһţ̬ȥĳѿҲƼˡ
˵̫ˣ㲻ȥҶб۴Ƴı飬ȻˣǶںİɣ
ȥƳ쳣ᡣ
û뵽ʣҶЩ죬ֻ㵣ȻôϲﲻƴŮӶϣ۵ģŶƳŶҶһķ⣬Ҷ
Ҷ˴ʮ硣Էˣ
㲻ǺϲԷ𣿡ƳüһɫʣĿЩʧ䣬ת˲ɫů˻ɽڻˡ
˵ϰܻģҶĲͷƳϵůδһϣżͦġ
ܺãƳһ硣
̫үץǲҪвŶҵţҶֶֿʣ֮±⣬ƳòûðĳԷôֻдΪϲߡ
ôҵģҾôǵʲռϷ磿ƳЩϺ⡣
¶ֽͼкξģΪʲôҶû뵽ոջů´ͻвҲأͰԭ
ײ˺һγƬĲɫ̺ǿϧһò˺ǰ̺ӣ
˵ûɱ˽۵ͨͨˣΣ
޹أҶصǽ壬˵С࣬ļʽпһ嶯Ͱˣ




083  书ʧ

޹أ
ƳԹأѪɫ۹⳯Ҷ׾ըϽǽǿȥ
ң¹ңҴǲм𣿡ƳƺʧȥǣĺϮУɫĽ۹ʱ¶ºݺץȭͷ
ҶҡҡͷʮļȷʵڶԴƳıģ֮²Ӧĺ⣬һԴǽʮĵ
ҶɪɪǽǣŭƽϢ˹ߣǽҲҵĶ֣ο㣡
Ҷһ۴Ƴ˼ʮµĺӣΪ˽书Ҳʮ֮£񲢲ġ
Ҷ챻ֽһ̣书ڴƳУģʮҪ˵ʱ䣬ҲһϷ綼ռɣпܵľǴƳڰѰ书͸ҳƽķ
һѪζֱҶüͷһŵ״Σ㣬ʲô
ƳŰѪվǰɫ졣
㲻ǿ𣿡ʣһĨ԰׵Ц
ҶϽҡͷӸǽ棬һɱֱţ𣿾䣿ѵҪʶﻤУΪ֮ǰأͷһɲǣԼûпԼĴţҰɫĺԲ򣬲֪ǼѪӷ䣬յرԵʡ
㲻ȣҾͷ书ĽŽˣ
ҶĥáҲ̲ס֮ڣƳѪǴӵĹצɭɭģϻеѪۣѪᣬ֪ղǸȡѪš
ˣֲ֣ҲˮֶҶκκ˵꣬æתߡ
ǲȣƳŭ
ȣҶ˫۽ҧأֶ
СӣֻƳ˵һƬ̣ҶоһζŨ͸
Ҷæ۾룬ϵкǱˣҶߵڣýźݺһߣû߿Լ˼ԽԽŨʶԽԽԺж᳣ҩŵأǶȴ֪
ʮҿȥˣҶϣٶܣطѲǸڵķ䣬˲תˡ
֪Ͳ۾ˣۿŴĻҲǲģƤص񱻴ɽѹסһҶò۾ӻеʶָо˱ҩĸо˰ɣˣҲǼģʱеģҲʶ˶˰ɣе᲻ˣرǡˣŴ̫ûθˣеǮеòĵòˣֻһֻǣһֵֻ˿Գܵ˵ģ˾ȥκźȴǰΪˣţӦģ
ϵǣͷȻٺǽţֳ˵ˣȥûоʹûƣʵΰ
¯еȻƮţᣱ񹴹¶Űĵɫ
һֻ޳ڱϷ̽̽Ȼڽϣһᣬƴãѱⱻһ£ֳһ˯
˭ѽΣҶӣֶˣͷҡͷů¶ڿУȵġ
ֻͣƬ̣Ϯָ΢ůҶŬۣգգɬӣ˳ɫˮϣһ˫޽ȴȻıʯӡ
ף˪Ҷŵϲɫ͵˪ȥ
˪ºһЦ»ıϣЩ˲ůˣ˪һɵҩζǳڽӴҩĽ˿̣ߣԴɫпԼӰӡ
ûв˪ƣȴȻļϡ
ղ˯ûãھֶģҶͻЩɬ۾Щʪ˪еӣܵίһԶĳķһ
ȵȣȥóԵ˪ͷ΢ůָ
ҶɫӰʧڴߣš֨һ죬ο΢΢һЦгԵˣ˪һƳһֻԡ
Ҷ˿ζЩ֣ĺһڣеζ󾪣һθµϣպÿ԰ͷ쵽⣬²ƳѪˣҪȻԼζôѪζ
ʱֿˣһϸĽŲͬʱתż㣬û°ɣ
ѶҶϴñӰ
Сˮڣ
ﵹһȣ̣ȰѲˮɣ
һ󣬶ҶҲ֣ӰȥҲ޼£̵öĺ˼ˮ
˪һһӹࡣ
Ҷôˣ˪ֱֱҶһó֣ϵز΢΢Щ
˪ƳҺѪ˵ʲôҶæ˪¿ˮ
˪ɫЩȻü΢塣
㣬Ⱥ˵˵ţЦӯӯİ˪
Цô˪ƮƮȥҶ΢ȣѾͷ˪˰ɣ˾绻ǰֲ˼񣬵ڣ˪ֻǺѵĹϵ
СҶտھͱϡ
Ѿͷҽܳȥˡ
Ҷûʲôģһ֣˪ԵҲѿ΢΢ͷһŵҶߡ
˵ı˪˰ɣҶ࣬Ͷʵ˵ѪѹڵĶ̣
ѽҶ΢΢һϵıֻ
˪ճѱҶ书ѱϣû壬ҪСˣ
ʲôҶŵʧŸոζ书Ȥûˣ
ڷз̣ʺ书Ҳֻ˵ԼŹɣ
Ҷͷ̾˿ˣû书û˰ɣô껹ǹˣֻǾۣ̫ϧˣ





084  ʱ

˪ι˰״̬ĶҶһصʲôɣƳ˾ˡ
̫ӵ£˪񣬴Ƴ͵͡šһȻתͷ㳲ϲĿŶҶ
ҶƵòڣ۰ڨЦ˵һ̫ӵǧǧ꣡ŶּװģʲôѪƶƤǡ
ƳһЦ̵úܣɣ
Ҷ̧ͷۣӣңһƽ񣬾ģҲû
ţеƳüëһ䣬ߡ
ţûУƳЦü飬ЩֻһָĿŶǡ
Ҷֱ˲٣ͻͻһ۴Ƴٷɿİ߼˪ϡ
˪ɫ΢΢ףת˲ƽö֪
Ҷͷðϸɫ˲٣ִֵ˭ôĵģҲãѹ
ƳӶҶΣĿһķͻȻ˵һ䣺ҲˣһֱֱѽǡãҶҲּˣܺãܺã
ࣿҶ۵Ҫգգ۾ӯӯỨ˸˸
ţ˴󹦣Ҫʲô㣡
ƳĻ𣬶Ҷͷ˵ҧľڴϣ˵ʲô¡һˣһжûɫʣ룬δһûˣδҲûˣܲʹ
Թ޳ΪʲôҪҶƽ˵ƽᡣ
Ҷһʣ˪Ŀվһԡ
ޣ춨ս޸ӣοֵأƳȶ̸ϲһ˿
óò᲻֪ղǾ仰㣬ƳҪ̫ʢ
ˣֻһ仰
֣ھɱңģĥʲôӢۣ
ƫ⣡Ƴ۽ŵŭɫȴƽ
Ҷۣˮʪۿǵ˪ǰһһƺ׵ķתڸȵĽŲ洺Ƴ˷š
һ󣬶ҶתƵһҲ֪ĵطư͹̺š
ʱΪ䣬ڻ¯ߣģϵһһˣȥѩԶȥˣɽҰϮÿһ䡣
סĵطʯשݵķӣܾɺܾɣվСԺǰ棬Կʯשļﳤ֪Сɫģǽ档
ɽٹãҪˣҶͷŲµûɽ·ݷѿʱ򿪻дˡ
䣬ѪԹʮɫҩ裬ʮ밾ÿɫĿҪĲҩڵ߾鵤ûзҲĿжˡ
Ҷ⼸µһνʮ߷Ů˵ǳǳһЦ
ԺӵǽѵúܸߺܸߣʮףվԺ뿴ȥʷɹͻȻ𾮵֮ܣתԳһЦܻɣѡǷ뿪ȴûѡء
Ů˵һֱŵɫĹװҲôƺվţǸӣ֣ǣӱߣ¡
ԺûлҲûֻŷ賤Ұݣ߸ߵģҶ룬Ӳ᲻סߣסһڶӣҲôį
ôǸóԷʱԷ˯ʱ˯ûкǳԵĶӺζҲŮṦɳǽȡֻ˴ǽͽٻ⾮ƵСԺлأһ͵Ҳһ
ҶϣֱֱĿСԺ̵úܣïʢúܡ
ò飬ЩٶۣǰƮϵƣԶȥҲûпܻõһΣˣǽԺֻʣһ
类һģҶתͷ΢ЦŮͷó緹ˣ̧ͷ죬۵ֱֱս
ʮ죬ٳҩҲɿ࣬ϲԵ
ŮΪЮһֻʮֿɿڵļȣһ˻ȥһٶÿһͶֻȣѡ˲ԡ
ŮҡͷѼȷŵһߵ
ӾˮһϢʱ⣬ָԵǽϵɽ˻ɫСҶӰᵽ棬ͷЩǶ䡣
һգŮһ澵ӣĵ¿žԼɫ°ͳ˲⣬ǰ˲١
ûûεˣȻñȽϺãૣһЦ
䵽ϣ˾׵СԺ
Ҷӵϼ⼣߰ߵľӣվʱ˼װİס
ͷһֱչŮǣ֡
ߵԭשǽڱһţṴǣԭлء
߳ǹţ洫صĹҶͣסŲûͷɫɽЩ᲻á
СԺһ׵˰յĹͻȻУһ߹һߺڶǼ˰ɣ
һ󣬳ӵֹסˣֻʯ·ҶﾲĹŮǣ棬ûбľĬ
ٿλչŮǶͷһЦ





085  һ

ȶһ󣬶ҶżĴƼ澲վ
㱻˼ˣ֪һǲңҶĬĬţָһûһµųʡ
õһǧµʱͣסˣĹŮ˳ȥ
˳Ҷһַ࣬լŮôãھ۵òˡ
ʮģ
Ҷûˣͱ§ڻУ˵Щϣͷ
֮£˭ʮġûˣҶ̧ͷ§°ͳϵĺ˶񣬼һ
§һָ΢Ǽţӣˣ
ŮˣŵԵʱˣ
գȴ˵ıǣÿҶҲ֪˭ĶҶļתȥ
Ҷ΢ۣҲתȥ
˻˵Ĵ⣬ƵĽۼ˵Σͷϵڴ۵ȵĹâ
߸ߵڽγεϣڹٸ׳Ƴº಻ٶҶͷĪ˻ʵۣ
ѹµǻĻʵۡ˵һƽ
ҹ̴ôˣ˰ɣҶ룬ˡ
ʮģԲס㣬ЩĻһֻ̹㾡ͷø³̹Ѿսܣ侮ʯİϧֻǷŲ㣬ͻСδ·ܳⲻˣʮ޹ѽ
һ̾Ī˳Ǹ󽫾Ϊ˹һϧԵһĹĲǩβף¶ܻ֮бڹˣֻû뵽û뵽ЧҵΪȴ·ضˡ
ˣǽٵѩ֪̿ģĽڷ˪ȾȾüĲɣ˵ʤ겻٣ȴǰһףöҶΪʮοΣʮﻹǰĵɡ
ĦҶ¼͸ĬãֵʮģȥˣԺúչԼ
㲻𣿸ҪҶŵס½ܿĿ˳ϺִϵĮӣƳв˵ΪɣҲ಻֮ʮĵС󣬽ϰ飬ԺﵴǸŮֵЦİٻУİƣָõģ̵ģʮȴȻݼĵףɼԽĸ֮
ɵӣޣޣŵΪҶĨȥϲϱӿˮ촽΢΢š
Ҷ֪ʱ˵ĵϲѪ𣿡ǰҲΪ£㣬ҪȡҵģŮܵˣο԰ȻĶȹҶݺץס·һ֣ѪӰ⣬
ʮģô룬Ҹ־ǵҸ֣һҪúõĻȥ͵Ϊ˵𣿺ӣ۽һᣬ׿ѹڵϽ˫ȵŮĳ޵Ļںޡ
ûˣҲҪҶȥһ˻ϣܹµģµײ㣬ʹϢһƣʯƽװںȥĨʵһγǰ˾ǺݺݵĲͣЪĴϡ
ģǣƳȺ䵽Ҷߡ
۶ҶεʹǱ˺ݺݵЮ뽭˾룬ûڵϣһһֱײķʲôʱǲܰĹӣûɱ¾ûıʮ̾Ϣŷɢ
ʮ߿ĺ֮ϣӰĿ磬ţţɫӰռϷ磬Ľˡ
ǴƳʮ˽书ռϷģҶĿţš
ͻȻƳһԾഩգεķؿڣֱѽ߷ߡ
Ƴʤ֮䣡Ҷݺŭһɫһɽ˶˵ڵϵĿѪĽ
ƳϮҶǹһ˿ѪĴΡ
ҶҧǷˣ֪һ·硣
̧ͷҶĶ΢΢һЦǰοǾ
ҶȥƳֺһƣЮ˱ּӴȡ
ʢ޷磬ƳȴڿնֻɫȻһͻķŴưһƣȻͷϮȥѼ䣬ס˱һưµĽ׵ķ˿·һ߲ʵĹߣס
ȻһȴʧȥҶڵϣĿնĿŴƳ԰׵ָʲôƵģ԰ȴ
ûɵķ罥ֹˣƳҲֹͣ˻裬Ƿ˵ĺصϣ¶ƽдǱһĨЦ
ջ֣ͶҶ
ҶݺſˮҲĴ˼ܣĿϵǸ߸ߵͻ𣬳Ƥѽɢ¶Ƥǵ״
ؤͼλֶǱ˳龡Ѫſ𣿾ȻǴƳɵģҶûؿƵܣڽˣܰ˶ҹֻпԼˡ
ŵĹ㳡Ϣ˵ľ粻׼мΪأ
ôˣ
֪ʱƳѰڶҶߣ΢򢡣
ؤǲɱģԭĺôʧȥǣҶʱ޲һ
Ƴ֣һЦûΪЧͣҲЩֵ
ҵа书Ҷʢŭӣճȭ
ƳνƲһЦĬϡ
ӣҶ˹ȥסĺһôеɱˡ
Ƴյץס˫֣޳ܵЦ̺Ǿͳȫ㣡
Ҷݺݵţݺݵţǵ˰˱ӵùˣֱ̬
ƳһҪ㲻ú
Ƴӽס˫֣Ȼţһߡ
Ƴ־ٴʧǣ⵽˰Ĳȴû˸վ˵һ䡣
طԱ̫Ӹ̻࣬ԻͲʮݳ޵ĽҲֻлʹԸʵˡ
ҶѲٽкҲɴƳţԺзɿתţɱͬھҲϡʲӵĴԽˣͶ̥ˡ
Խһȣִһ䴺ⰺȻӣɴѬƮƮЦӯӯ˵ⰺȻΪذϲԵģбɵģŤвĶһȺ¶͸۱ɴȹɦŪ˵Ůӡ
ҶһߣȺŮӼƳòǵĲһ㣬һ㣬Ľʲôѽذ˺ëֱ
ʱҶ߽ŰֵĽ⿪ӣҧ룬ӳȥˣѵһȺӢ飬һⱩ졣
תͱסһŮˣȥ־úܣСﴩô㲻㣬һѽ
ͷſſҶŮʩԱֻצǰµúܣһʧܵĻᣬŮ˵͵ȥ
ŮƲƲǣ˶ҶһۣͻҪҶʵȴûսҶߣҲڻʹ֮С
Ҷ΢һϣŮһƣִӣһ̣İ࣬ˣҲ˵Ƕ£ȻûûȥүĽǲʧɢȥˡ




086  ·ת

ƵϵŮбһ۶Ҷݺݺ
ҶЩ·Ŀһ¶ĴƳ
Ƴºͣвȴ˾ñвˡ
ƳҸ㣬ɽתˮת̫ˣߣҶ߹ȥϵĶѽˣ˾̫Բʮˡ
Ƴ֣ƮŶҶ߽С
Ҷһ˽ŮǣͻȻعͷɿĴһλڵصŮͷϳһ֧Σе㶫˵ȫˡ
ѷβУĸڴƳ档
װζ˷ϢǽϹɽˮ̨ϻһ
Ƴ󣬾ֱһ黭һֻͻ󣬱ŴͲôΣҲûУҶĿ·
˼ۣҶҧóΣۣ׼Ƴйۼõĺ󱳣öã
뷢꣬һǾ棺ҶҾͰӴӳȥ
ֲ˲Ҷĵתͷڵߣͷƣ¥߶ȹˤµ˲ҲУЩ̶ͳļ£ȣ¼̿Ծ˿ͷ
̨ϵͦҶŨ޳Ҷצһ죬Ȼִ߻ӣľһգֱȥ
ȡ˸ḧƵҶ꣬޴£ᴽţһ˿΢Ц㲻ʮǰɣ
ѻһѣ޵ĳʹӵĲ԰ףҲû˸ղŵϬ
ЩŴˣͺ찡װģŮ˻ҶתŵҾʮٰ
ĻھͲô侲Ҵһˡ
ߣΪʮ˼ܿ͸ģǵɱħɡ
ƳߵҶǰһһֵҶؤ˲ɱģ
㣬ո׿˵ģַڣˣҶʮҲЦ
İɣƳһ٣Ļһ塣
ǻٸģҶ˵ȻҵŲȥô
ϣѪϻŹңٻһˡ
Ǹ˲ǽŶҵ𣿡Ҷ˿е壬йذɣҪƳó˵Ѫϻħ
ĽУ˵ʮ
û뵽ƳͻȻŭ𣬶ҶһͷС
ΣƳֵұ˽书֮¼һ֮ʱΪˣദ˱޻˵Ȼʱþ˱ѧҲֻǼʹ࣬Բ
СһȣҶ꣬ͷͱһƣȻûôЩۻ
зֽѪϻаýǱķҵ˲İ񣬿Ǳݣ֪ѪϻķҵĲкôͰԳ˸
ŶǱΪ飡պֱ꣬ͷһƣһضҶЩͷתģ㵱ŻѪɼƳЩġ
ΪʹЩָ°ɽѰɽҰҹ˾֮ʱ͵͵ұɽЩոһգΪ֪ʹ࣬Ѫϻ깦ֽҲжˣ
û𣿡
ûУǽصǱȴͻȻ׶ˣƳͣ£ɨһ۶Ҷһ衣
Ҷһֳ°ͣ˼šǲҴɽµģƳǸӰ߷
Ƴü˿ڲ裬ǰнʬ꣬ľ֮˵м֮д£ɼ֮治ѽ
ﲻش𣿡ҶЩ飬ˡ
ûа£𣿡Ƴ΢΢ͷЦûԡ
һҶһûҲû˵Ӻң㲻֪Ӻѿģ
㶼ˣѿѿ
Ƴ㣬ݣҶһָǰ˵ţĥ
ɫסҶ֣ɱˣΪȲʮԹ޳ֻҪԹԵģҾ˺㣡
ԹԵģĲСèСԹԵأҶĳ֡
ɰ鵽ĳˣҴѱֻúңҶҪҲ𱨳ˣߣƳۣЦֻꡣ
Ҷ߿Ǳ͹еˣŻˣƳûƭôپɵˣҹ˾¿군ˡ
ҶعӴƳЩ£ȴѰڴ齣Ŀˡ
ҶܹȥʹҡƳڱ߾𣿡
ĴһΣѹģƳĴţɫƣ
ʲôƽðҶ֪ȰûãȴԲģҵ£һ¾еˡ
Ҷˣղǽδɱ۵ýЪЪɰƳƶҶһתԶҶȻ˯ȥ
ƳҶͷһ֮ͷҡ
ҵţȻŮĿ
ʲôûӶʨ𰡣Ҷһֲ߹֮ǰͨ籨յŮǰʱһ߼۾һ˼ɧ
ţȻͨ裬˵ЩϣִĸоҶһֻͷһۣûŮӸУ治ͨôԵİʾ
˵ʲô
һŷ۰׵Цĵס˶Ҷ·
ҶһƣǴƳߵС࣬СӣҶˣȻˣǶСС΢΢˸ƣתڶҶǰߡ
СӣǸôŹأҶװ
ǰСһȻı飬ȴСӦүոչһæأ
ļٵģҶЩţǴƳˣֶι֧˪ɣҲûѽ
ƹ˵ģСĸ¿ЦѽСӼüëһĽӵ
Сӣ˭ǽЩӵģ治С¥ݣҶҪ
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ҶͷСһִ˻ϡʶѡСӣǻǰ˺ôһأǸɫ
»λЩɧĵ
˲ˣûаС̫ˣҲʲʲô======================================================
żεףдҲ治ôģһͦף֮࣬λ£¿Уשԣżͷѽٺ٣ۿžҪȥˣף꽻ˣ³ɺǣ




087  Ƶ

СӴҶһ䷿䣬ǵţԸˡ
Ҷɨһ۷䣬µĹŶϺõľƼҾߣûһķ񡣡ʲôʱգ߰ģ˵֧꣬ͷе㷳¶
ȷʵͦҵģʵҲѹֻǣûʧȥ˵ʹ֮࣬ǰޣΪʮļɣ룬֮ԼѪˡ
ڽƮܲѽ˿߿ѽҶóķΣò豭£ô࣬һһܲͲ롣
ػ˲¶ʮΣڿˣҶ̾һŴ˰ȻȲӣڰ׻׷͵ϵļȽ
һϮ֮ϵķһ룬Ҷӣüͷɲȥһ
һеĿɿڴŮҶ˼ĿǸȥɢɢˣ鷳ʰһ£Ǻǣ
ЩŮŴһЦҲ˵
ŶҲˣҶ΢Ц߳ȥˡ
ÿһξʿվڣҶҲöʵݵĵͷš
ţ͵¥£ͷǰԲε¥ԽԽòŴǳεһۣ㳡Ŀյأǽڳеĵطɱĵط֮ǰڵĺڣֻɢȥˣվڵʿ⣬ûһˡ
ұߺһ׿ĴһЩݣŵĻ㣬ǵ·ͷһţأ߸ߵΧǽסľ뵽Ժһʡ
ҶŽߵ̫̾һһҪȥأլ˼£Ҫسˣ
λ̨ȥ𣿡ҶߵűߵһǰһָŲԶĴ
˿˵һ仰
ʲôз𣿡ҶȻˡ
ľȻҡҡͷ
ҶЪ૵治ҡͷʲô˼ǲȥ˵ʲôˣ߹ȥЩһûҾ˵Խȥ˾Ҷ޹ǵСܹȥ
òܵǰ۵ܰǳЦǰһŻûŵأ͵ǰ
ǲܽȥˣҶֻתͷȴûԭ·ߣΧǽߣԺӻ󣬶Ҷ˺һ󣬶û߻شţΧǽÿԶһվڣֻĪĿ
һ󣬵һ䣬ǰ󲻼һӲԼԼɼһСһֻͨ
Ҷϲ߹ȥοݣһЦϵ۹һȴΪٰһȴȻⴰЩҲܱûкá
ִԲһ¶ڴСԼϱ˱ȣңӿԴ
ٴʱ뷨Щ˼壬ͱ維ҶɣʵҲ̫ܹĽȥЩ·ҲǲԣڳԵʱ˺ȴҲǺеġ
Ҷ˿İεڱߵĲݣûעǰҵĶûעԸڱ𴦵ġ칫¥˭¥ߵĴһվͿԿעľٶ
ߣΪԺ侰ɫãߵķ˸ȽϴĴΪƽ֮
ƽʱû˻ãǴ˿ȴƫƫˣ˵ҶʧһҲǵˡ
ƳֻСһᣬСӾ˵˪ݺ󣬵¸
Ƴ߽¸ʱ˪Ǻ˶ʱˡ
ү˪ТϮɫԼݡ
˾֮˪ֱ⡣
ΪܰΣɱ𣿡Ƴתһ̴滨ϣ˼ü΢΢׵˪
Ƴɱһ´÷зо˵ͬθڵľʮ£׼Ƴʮȴֲ֪յΣа˾аٿڣ˳ͻ¸ģģԽԽˡ
մƳбıƣʮ³Ϊң˪м²֪ǰ񲻰֣ʹһС˪侲ȴȻŲоԣ಻ʵ֮ȻŴƳΪѶҶ¶⣬ǱһĲ²񣬲ҪʥġŻϲΪܲܡ˪ĻƳĴЦϡ
ȻűôΪҪ˪ʱĿڲһ
ϣ˪ٴ
ˣ°ɣƳƽͣʵȴ䣬ԡ
һҽȺԻҵĹ޿ɺǣ˪Ϊ¾ǰ˵үӦҲһοʣƳżҵȴǳţᶼδ
̬ڴҲû˸ðɣһһڹٳǰ»ǣһСľͱ׽βͣΪ˸¾ºӡ󣬶˶ǽͷݣһߡ
żȻλ֮ʱΪܳ裬үοȴ޼ˣҲûҹģɥŪһ
˪֮󣬴ƳԴǰҲǲֻ뿴лмǿŵģΪҪϧţҪʶţɴ˼ˣżҾЩίˡ
ߣҶڰЩӲɾˣƣ˫۴ĲݵأݺۣҲӦúջͷ׼ʵдƻ
ƳĿͶ̫סԺ䣬ѾЯŴĸԺͻһůҪȥĸףջ۹һɲǣͻķЩԾǽƺЩ쳣Ŀ΢УȻʧЦ
֪¶ʮĴ氮⣬ҲŹʮһ֪ʮ֮˷Ǽ֮ɱģΪˣìܡ
ʮʮֱʮĪǣţججʱԼףΪΪã޷Ƶչȡ
СӣߣƳ˵֮꣬Ծ⣬ڿת˼£Ʈ˶Ҷԡ
ʱҶѾɹĽǰ쵽ԺУֻȴԺ⡣
ûиô鷳ҵƨɰˣҶŤŤƨɣǶ˰ְָղŲӵʱƨɣδ棿ˣ
Ͼ˼ԺڷƾҶʱ࣬ɥ
ǽ򹷶Ƴֹ󣬾վһߡ
ûǰͻкʲôãʮ˵㰡ͲҲأڱҳôܣԩѽϱҿ϶ǷˣҪʰ̯ӣ
Ҷ޷뺰ûӣֵֻġ
ԺΧ۵ĻֻӻھڳЦ
ƳͺСȴĹ棬СӱЩ뿪Ц졣----------------------------------------------------------------------֣





088  µı

Ϧ޺ãֻǽƻ裬ٻ£Ļ꣬ȣΨ͵¡
ҶŲݵԱߵСȻ˳Сߵ϶ԼԼԶһʯ¥۴¥Ч߹š
ڶҶ˼ĿյƳѴǽԾԺڣ裬ҲڶҶǰ
֪ˣⲻ𣿿϶˲СĴԽˣһ⣡ҶҵԽֵľԭԵɷԼڹС
Ƴ΢΢üһϥϣһֻ쵽Ҷǰ˻ΣŮ˵ӵװʲôƾϷ̬ȣһ㣬Ͳ֪˶ٻˣ
һֻǰΣҶļһˣ±źĽţֺõĿڣҵĶСĹˣֻȻһСľͿˣҶ췢ģľ
ΪϣҶһֻ֣Ŵ˷Ķġ
䡭һ춯صķ
Ҷסͷ󾽣ôɰɣ
ү㣬˵һţƳÿҶסͷ̧֣ͷԼ
⡭ˣǺǡûҶң˵رùǰһηľ˺ף˥
ƳĪһЦǷŭˡ
ҶգգЩɬ۾峺˫Ŀһˮ΢΢źεճЩ๸СӱŤһֲֻʳС
Ƴ⸱С̲סƷǷϵķҷ
ʶƳĴԼģҶƿһֱţֱǿȵĸо
Ƴ΢΢һ£عҶʹ촽ؿڶʱӿһ˿ʹŭƷϹϷȡǽ֮ʱѶҶػУһǽСѹ·
ûȶҶӦƳ캬סĶʪȵĸоӷ飬ݺҧסƳļ֮ʱȻҲҧ
һ֣ʹ֣ʹҧˣҶƳͷһץˣôҲҪͷƤ
ڶҶץסͷһ˲䣬ƳͻȻĶߺ֮µŹͷݺݵҧһ
ҵģƳʱͬʱץסѹͷϷסʹ֮޷ҵ˿ס˫ŭȴɫӣϸˮľϣݺ˱룬ճһؿ
ϸ鼱ٵĽŲһŭͷϷؿڵֹͣζϢķµĿҶӳ죬۽ǵ˲Ľӿ
ƳΪҶ¶Ѻ󣬻һ˫ӽ˵ŭ޵ĶҶһۣתƽίԳ˵˵˼仰
Ҷһ۾ˣҲպÿһ˫봺ƳһޣĿ٣ʢȴɡ
ӺٻˣϴƳľֺõı飬ҶԲµóݡ
Ƴ˵һȻЯŮ˵ͷҲص뿪ˡ
ҶԶȥӰһۣתѿһӵǽõطһҲȥˣ֪ܵȥˣ˵ҲҪʱӰӶûһ
ѽ㣬ӻνͻȻֵŮԹ޵ĵһ¶ҶĶͷԲɡ
Ҷһϳǰ֪ڴ˵صŮӡ
Ҳ֪Ҷݵϣϥǣį֮ǰƳΪʮʱû˵Թ޳ȴͻȻֶĵ£˼
㵽ʲôѵ㿴ĸ𣿡˶̾һҶߡ
ʲô飿Ҷһϲôܣοź
˶Ŵͣŵ˵˵㱿һţ㲻һÿ
Ȼ˵ңҶֱͦˣ˶ոø˲ɢȥ
˶ȴⶭҶ߳ŭһЦӰ¶û㣬ҲֻҲţֻǿϧӣ
ʲôӰʲôӣҶʼĥӰû´ĻǶ֧¾š
˺ˣˣϻģٴȥ»ǳ¶ˣ˶ȻһЦŤ֫橶ȥ
˵ӣĪ˽°עˣѾģûȺˣȻˣµһؤɲǻģԽԽҶΪ˷йͷƵĳµĲݡ
СԺһǣͨûּϸոյ־磬͸ӵû˹ˡ
̫ڶҶݵʱɽȥˣٵҹ紵ҶŷԼһȦݣ΢΢֣վ˿ǹĻʳǣèԭ·أǽ˸󶴣˳߳Ժ⣬ԺǽûأСĹ۲ܣҲû˶ҡ
˳ԭ·ڵߣ֪ȥģطȴûһݵĵطŵƹ⣬˼ŴСʯӣ˿Ĺ㳡ϣһ߽Ϻõĵطʯӡ
Ĺ㳡ǲ٣ȴ쳣İЩվڵֱľͷûɶ𣬳żҶͶȥһĨĿ֮⣬ٶ
ʯУģʯöҶУص˹ȥСֵʱ⣬СΨһһԵĻ飬ʲôСðšǵЩϦӣӿڵĿյϣеСʯڿתһĻߺĺġ
ʱշ·Ļϡ
С֣ʯʱһֻ˳ĺ
ҽж˳ĺ壬㣬ĳٶǶ٣
ϣҪǲͻȥٸЩĵĶҾ͸㷭
밡Сࡣ
֪ĳˡ
ǲϿεʱ͵͵¿С˵
ܣĳִԲ
СֱȶҶһ꼶˼ʹ˸УȻʯɵϷ
пɲСѧѧȥϴѧô죿Сüͷ
ĳ˳һ£תת˵Ҷģ
Сͷ΢΢죬֨СҶӣţҿһյĴѧԺҲͬһѧǾֿһˣ
ŶĳӦ꣬С죬Ȼʵ㷢ˣ
С͵ҡͷϵʯӣѶҶ˵ɫˣؼҳԷʱ䵽ˡ
̫ûɽأҶһСִֺ֣Լڻؼҵ·ϡ
ǰƮƮҶƵƵд飬У԰˧ȴһֱûзĬĬԼС֣ÿˣѹˣС־ͳԼйɧĳͰ
Ƶĵƹ£ҶĬĬĿĵʯӣԭСһֱϲԼ΢΢̾˿ͷǵҹգһǣǱǣС˵Ǿָ룬·ˣָؼҵ·
һʯӣ򱱼ǵķ򣬶Ҷ˳ʯӿңԶıǣ·ˣǲǿԴһؼң
Ը⣬ļң
ƳͻȻĳ֣Ҷʶ˺üͬʱɨһۣ֮ƹͷ
Ƕ˸˸ƳӰӸպõӰڶҶϣ͵ĵƹӳճˮӡ
ȴУҶǶһܴˣΪܵõ֮׵İԼķǿҲãƭҲã
ǰķ۾ĺۼƳ΢ͣڶҶŵĴϡ
ҵӣԺҵһжģ
ҶתͷӣĴ΢ᴹҴˣ
ΪղŵƳҶ
ҶȻ˺Цܾش⡣
𣿡һȵĿŶҶ
ҵ˽£ûҪ߱ˣԲ߳ŭ̫£Ҷţֽ
˽£βɭ
ҶҴһ۴Ƴ˺Ҫˣǧˣ˶ܲ˵еˣ۾󷽲Զĺ񣬽ĲŵӰһԺظɲôѿ
Ƴ˳ƵǺϣƬ̣ſŶҶʵϻ𣿡
Ҷɫɲʱ԰ףĿֵʣ˵ණ꣬飬ҹһҲ漴΢΢¡
ûմѪȣʲôƳüЦ
һЦҶˣմѪȵģӲһЦʣңҽ˯ģ
Сӣȥţ˶٣Ŀһɫ׵ĶҶааĲѾ̺ţ




089   ٴط

ǳȥɣڷһ˯ŵģҶΪ̴Ů˵
СӰͷȥˣѾ̺ԡ£ϴϣҲǸ˵ʱˡ
ŮվţϾĴŶҶٲȻӡ
Ҷɴְſڷơ
ŮЩ٣ߴߴģӲǲš
ѾģǵΪ¹ҾһţأҶӴҪơ
ϣǾ˫˫Ҷ£ǿͷġ
˼ҶˣҶֻߵŲϣϱ˯ƳǸ̬ΪǿͿԵû¶ˣһᱨģʹס
Ҷװ˯ȶµģͿľ˯ˡ
̨ᣬ˺һ㣬ŶҶŮƵƵŹǷſϡͻȻеһŮվһ˼仰һŶӼææܳȥˡ
µλŮվϿһۣҶ߿˱ӣС߹ȥΪǺñӡ
ˡ
λŮתţСĵĵ⣬һЩ˵ֱˡ
ڵŮˣ欵ĶˣһŮװַˣӯӯߵߣĶҶ
ҶüͷԸ
ŮЦߵߵ˱裬ָմ˲裬Ҷϵȥ
Ҷݺת˯ҲΡ
㵱治Ůӽεε˵ţҶӡ
ڣҶҲû˯£𣬰ѱ§ڻУһ۷ǰŮӣȻƲƲң
ֻŮε̾˿Ƭ̣һݵҶǰ
¶ǣͷ࣬ȥˣҹ˻ûӰ
ŮɫԱ䣬ɨһ۶Ҷ΢䣻˶˲ǶӰ󲻾˵Сĵ㣡
Ҷʼ磬ü⣬ϱĿǴʮ꣬ǧ࣬ô͵壿׽ˣҲ˵Ļ
ҶνӣŮߵӱߡ
Ĭ˰̣Ů̲סʹ⸱ټˣ
Ҷ۾ˮһ˿Ц⣬΢ѵҪʢװ粻ɣ
һ澵Ӵ˦ϣŭ𣬡Լӣ
Ҷͭﷸ£ôͭǴԽôûŪˮ
֪жѿ˰ɣŮߡ
ҶӣϸԼӣ˯ʣմЩΣͷеҰˣûʲô˰
ȷʵ˵㣬ҲںѿҶһþӣһְŪԼͷָгãͲ֪ŪɾЧΣ춨Ҫԣ
˭֪Ůȴף㿴ĲǺۼ
Ҷˣ´յ̨ߣ쳤ӣͭģҲȫǱ˱ֳĿƳ˶ӣʮ˲
񺮵ӺݺݵĲòӣĿһùŴ治˴ĵط
㣡ŮӼҶ֪ĵĵȥһֻɫĺӡ
Ҷʵʲô
ȥģ
ˣڵ˺ۼҲĨȥʵҶ˵꣬ߣŮȻŲĹ档
ҶãŹ˳ʱŲᱻƿϤĵųķԡ
ˣŮӹĵ
°ɣһ塣
ѹķʯͷģĴӲ࣬дţӵĻй¶κε˿
ҶǵɫĴһ꣬ǾҵĴ
ôЪţڶϣָⴥӣɢķҹߡ
˯ҶƲ죬ת̧ͷ
°ʤѩɫ΢죬ɷ
ͦҶ̲ס̡
ţ⻰ô˵΢ЦһŵӣҶߣҶӵ뻳
ҶҧŴסЦ⡣
ô˵ˣ
Ҷ죬̧׿ŽߵϤûʱĻļȴʲô˵
ȵ΢⻪ת΢ĴѴԼϣҶֻһ˳ӵʪȵϢûԼ
ůůԴԴϵĴҶϣȵϢתĲһס˶ѡ
ԾĲĴ꣬۹Щ޴ӡ
̽Ŀ⣬Ҷ΢΢һ죬ȻˣֻͻȻƻʱǿǵ£ò
Ҷ軰ɢղŵĽţȴֶϢЩң̧ʱһĲ΢ĴĿĥݡ
Ҷʶͷסӡ
Ҷջ֣¾ѹѴһֺֻҵİιͷܲ˵ĺݺЩദ
£ˣܸоŭڣ֪ڳԴף޵ľǱǿȣʹˡ
ͻֹסľΣջӣȴƹٿҶ
˾ƢһͰҶƿµֱ֣ߵߣӣϣ˯ã
ﲻ𵹲кˮĹ
˻Ѳ赱ˣҶΣֻ룬Ӧת⣬һ϶Żϧѽ
òɵӣӶʮֵĿ뵽ΪԼĴײƵƵˮҶͻȻĺ
˵书ö𣿡һֱЩɴƳĻȻͼʮļ⻰αʮļޣպ޽
ṴߣҲ书
أҶʡ
ʱ·²豭⵽ߣóһֻӣƿӣָһŰɫ״ȻҶͷĨ
ᣬȴıš
Ҷͷʣأ
ҲҹªţҲһµ˵꣬˼ĶҶֽ˵С书𣿡
Ҷ۾һæСʴװĵͷȸԣСŮǰȸץ
ջغӣȡһУҶĲ棬׵Ķҩ
ĸоҶ˵Ѫϻ书𣿡
һ촺ƳаŹȡ˽𣿡
ҲڳҶί
Һ˪һ𣬺˵ģ
ҶԹȥʲôʱģ
㱻󣬲ŵģֲ޵˲ѽ
ôұȲŮһֿգȻôĻȴԾɹڻ
˭ڽҶС𣬶ʧЦ
ߣ˶ûһöҲʶҺ󲻻ᣬ֮ǰأұ֤˽ûŮˣ
ɫһԺ
Ҳǣȥ»ʲôʲôʱôƽˣתתӣҶЦȻ˵ˣǸ㰡ѪϻĹö𣿡
˭ģĳһı顣
Ҷͷ֨š
Ƴ˵ģ
Ҷ΢죬ǺһЦĬϡ
ŮˣĳʮֵĲ˵ʲô㶼ţ˵ɱǲҲţ
Ҷæҡͷ˵Ųţ
ԣ´һЦɷǲá
û˵㣬˵ˣҶ䡣
ߵЦסתΪҶңԲԣ===============================================================
ǣʮֶԲסĵطҪͣ죬ұ֤ӵģʵĳҲ뾡İ⼸ҲдеʱٰһţԸ⿴ĵǣίˣллˣ




090  ؾ

ҶЦóȸ壬ȻѪϻű͵ˣǻٸҵļ񡣡
½ӹ壬ϸĦƬ̣вãô˼ҵĶ
ʲôôǮһѣҪײҪҶͬķ
°Ҷһڴϣĺ
˵ֻаŹ𣿡
֪֪治֪ģô֪ɫмЪأȴ൱ġ
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ҶͷͻȻ촺ƳǼƵķ䣬ЦʣˮʲôģӦòһѾɣ





091   

ˮĿ̫̾ߵѾΪ˽ӽʩչ˻йůġ
ǶģҶͻȻöµûţ˵˼ҲһıԣһŮҲ̫Ǹˣ
ˮһƲҶЩţ΢ůЦİɣֻӣʵϴûҹκһ檣
ĪǱѬ̫ãȡ⣬ҶɵЦոչձᱡ˳ȡ⣬Ǳ̬
ȻչңҲ̫˰ɣ
檱Ůְ̺˵ģǸŮģҪȻҲҪ̺ϴ£Ҫ㴲أ
ˮ˵Ƶ壬ϱ鵭ƺǣ˳ĶԲҲһӦòΪĿĲˣҶʱҷ⣬תƵһ׮ˣҪľҪԼʹͬԷˣ
һ·£֪͵Ŀĵأ֪ˮʱȥԼվվҲҲǣ
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СӺЦ⿴һ۶Ҷͦģ밲Ӷһ
°ɣƳԭǶŲ裬һں󣬷²豭ĿڶҶ벻°̾ǸֵŮӣ۶ôȴʹǸֹŤСŮÿÿദһ;رɡ
Ҷºһֱеİ׻׷ĿϵζȺʧȥֿñټǳ
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ԸȰɣ֪ϲϲ࣬ñ˷أСЦΪҶЮȡ
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һúõ;ڶҶģⲻǲжȹˣԴˣƳǿݣûаָĻ󣬶Ҷڰ׷ԷȻʮҲĻˣٽʥȥżҵˡ
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ţ˪һ׼׵𣿡ǵ˫ĿϹҵİ裬һ۽ʪӲˣҺûӣ
׼ȫ游ȥɣϣ˪࣬Сĵķš
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һƽĸúӣſ
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˪תźѣοһЦ£лл㡣
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Ȼǿװ򶨣Ҳ֪˴𰸣Ȼ΢΢š
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ûз©ٳɣֻǳ̾˿Ƴ쵽ˣˮ˵ҶҲ





092  һö

ͽɣ˪֪Ҷల£ҲΨ֮ƣ뿪Ƿ֮òˡ
ģ˵ѩʡ͵ĵƣټ㣬ѶȾ͸ˣ΢΢üγҶ뿪ĸ֮˱ᱡ޶ԣȶҶ˸Ӻ޴ƳһȡͷҲѽͷ֮ޡ
֮ˣ˪Ӳ
Ȼǣżʮأٴӳɣһ£㵱ȥˮ˵Ĺÿ˶һרŴ壿
ţۿȥֻϺõˣֻҪһѪֻƬ̣ӳ˵˪ѩθˮʹһˮ԰µĹǹЯ壬СıһðʧѾͷˤ䣬СѾͷ֣̿ƵƵͷͷƤѪֲС䵽еϣ˪ֵܵԼľ
Ժϡǵ˪£ֻǲ̫϶˪˵꣬ӻȡҶ壬ĴӻȡذףһָѪð˳һΣȺɫѪӯ͸ӣּˮҹּּϾ̵ĹϵСѧϰ֣½һƳϳѪ֡
һԵ˪Ŷ¿ڣ˵֪Ǻ£ȴܸо̬ĽҪ
µԭίҶ˵һö嵱óʱίʵһǻ޼ôϷ˵ٱöסˣ˼޴öǹ֮ҲǶ֮
ˮĹ»Լ֮󣬻ԼΪ˪ŵ
Ҫ¼ڻٵĹӦʮ߹깫һĸͬĺǾȴǺǾģ깫ģ
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Īǵ޷깫黹壬պֱҶɣΪֵüǮˮĦ°ͣԽԽˣ깫ˮҲҹʺƽϢ˳ԹΪλٻҪó˾͸ˡ
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ҶȻΧһȦ΢΢ԲԼ񻷾
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͵͵ӶҶ󣬻ΪǺܾ޶Щ궯
Ƴ˿ȴһƽĮף֪ʲôӣݺᡣ
ҶĲұϣԹŻϾǱģʱ˵䰲οĻΪƵˣ֪ĻΪأǰңǹǲģ




093  Թ

Ҷɫĸ־Ÿ׳ÿĸɪټ϶϶Ŀ̼úܡһȺТҵ˪ӢѪɫ˵޹⣬ֱǿն˫۾ǿҲ纣ģȴһˮ޲޹⣬ĸеɬɬģŲԶ˪ȥ
˪ȻæΪƳ㣬֮ࡣҶ͸ӲгﲻԼ㣬Ҫ˰ʵ۾Ǽʣ
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һʯļ䣬˵ĸоֻޱȵİο˪ͷתΪ㡣
Լ㣬ɲĳЩˣһⶼûУҶ˪ΪѺı飬Թ˵㣬λ
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л˪ҶͷỨۿдΡ
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ҶĿйν㣬Ȼͣʱ䲻ãҶܸое΢΢⣬Ϊɱʦɫħɱʦԭɣɱ˳ûʲôԵģѩɱĽأߣ⽭ǶԹѷ֣ûѷˣһ仰ɱǲܵģ벻ҪԼøǿ
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ΪʲôҶӴ²Цͷðŭ𣬳ʵѵ㻹ֻСͻѣҲ̫˰ɣ
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е˰ΪһԿеæÿ˫Ŷллǵ֧֣





094  ӿ

״ɲ񣬸ղ֮ǰ˪羢һʧˣ˪ѵ˸ϵһʱ䴺ƳżôɣǾ˪ǳ֮λ޴ǣ˵֮ɫ
ˣɣҶʵһơ
һúñģʱ䣬òãҶ
Ŷֻˡ
˿СճҶϣˣƿⶨڶɫͷϣղŵһ̳׵ܵûӰͭץһƣϸоɺڱķ˿ʲôܰͷɫ˵ΨΨΣ
õʲôҩˮܰͷȾ˵ĳףҶǳ˿С쾪šҲʴƳֻϧ̫࣬ˣ˵䶼Ӷ࣡
Ժٸ㣬ûصƳˣ²ɷ˵ߡ
Ҷ˼ʵ
һ󣬶ͣ£ͷ¶Ҷÿβʱ΢죬˵ҾͲȥˣƳĻɣ
Ҷ̧ͷīӣ˵ͷΪͨ飬ѹҲԱ֣Ƴ۾ɫģҲձģ˵ע⣬ôرһڴƳǰ֣ôȫˡ
תǰԺȥҶŲ߰Ҫȥ
ǰͻȻһеİӰһЩȷãã
ҶĲæȴȻţżҶ֡
òʶŽˣź׵۾ŴŶҶ
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һ̾۾̸ֺͻȻȥţֶŮܲ𣿡
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ŵͷ
˼˵˸֮ķ£ҶͶţΪԶΪҶټҶϲַ֮չԼ߶˺һ󣬲һЯǰԺȥ
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޼һۻ٣ѹûúһ·羰΢΢һ̾󣬽ӵҲ޷磬ԲԹı˽Ӳѹ
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Ҷ洺Ƴص˻ʹУ֪ʱյִͼһɫҴҵܵƳߴȻǱ̬ͼæˡ
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095
ѽ߲ʽ˿ƣý˿˿ƣ߲ɫɡˮ˸ŵޣ黨䣬ҡֻҶڰͻȻͷžĨ˽۵۽ǣʩкĴһֻ֣װһ㶼ʺߵĽҡֵǮģ
ˮ̺Ҷϴ毺õһֱһֺر״̬üͷͻ΢ʣ΢У̣ȥһס
㿴֣ǶҶֱˬָͭԼضĴЦ
ˮһɾŶҲſϣЦý΢
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ҶֹͣЦؿڣǿȥ̫ɣյҳԲ͵ߣӣȥҲ̫ˣҲãҲã֮˲֣ͺܿ֡





095   ͻ¼

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ǻɻʶ۹⣬˵ӹ׷۾ȻҲ˹ɫ̫ø߸ϵŶҶڳ³Ҷöġͨ
Ů㾿ԹʩʲôһŭţеŤ
Ҷ룬ѾǸϲĳ̫ţ˵Ů۾Ϲˣ֪ٷһö
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Ҷ΢΢ף̫ΪֻˣʵҶǾȴƳȻҪΪҲûܾЩܣ
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ҪͺˣҶţǳһĨЦ˵˵ȥǾǲ뵱Ϊϡأ
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ҶúôɳܣҲǰ˶ΪʮˣŮȴûѹӣ»
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֪˭ȥţƳȻˡ
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һߵĶҶʧѪ࣬ͷĿѣǵĻóˮŬıʲô





095  Ĺϵ

ͷβƳδֻǰһĵҴ
ӵ˹ڵϵȴ䣬ΨжҶڵ㷲ƳżͻȻԼʧܣһεô嶯һ̫Ŷȥʵ൱ֵģףЩʲô˭ںѽú󣬴Ƴ£ֻºͶҶ
ϴʹһһģҶǿţؼԶ̫ŵצӡˡ
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СˣʲôȻһ˫ÿһۣ˫۾֮⣬ȴ൱ƽ˵ǳ󡣱ıʴɫ꣬Լ󳤵°ͣ˵




096  ɻ³

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ҪҿԸ򣡡Ǻ˲ˮڵϵĶҶ
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ĪһЦ޸ǳöºʹƳŮӦñһζȲ˵С磬ǷԺоҪǴȥµķţΪǵˣͿ˳ˡ
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ǣҶʹļ򣬸ղֻŶԸǶûʹʲôȴܡ=============================================================
½ڵΪеЩٺ





097  Ӱ

·ԸԭϢ󣬰ѶҶһ¡
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ҶϾ⴫˵еӰ󣬼ɣҪߣҪȥ£æ׷ȥˣʮ첻ͻжģЩɲñȥ





098  Ӱ

Ӱɽˮɽı󣬴ũǰθͬڵݣ˽γڵľ档
ܽӰ˶Ǿѡģѡûȷķ£ֻҪúʱԣд˶ǹ¶ԲͬңӰʷ꣬ǳ˶֪ɣȴ֪ںδ
ѹܽȴҹҪ£ɣ·ڻڰأˮǰ·
Ӱ󣿡Ҷеɽׯһƽɽ壬ûұʾҲûţֱָĴдУӵǲɫģ֮ҡ
һƬ֣ˮѵɲҪߣһһǬСľͻᱻס
ŶҶͷЩ߰ûȴ˵
ˮҶһƽ̲ͣסʣ㲻ԭ𣿡
ʣҶҡҡͷֶԽҲ
ˮɵֶĿ࿴һΣദãҶһӣɵӷϰߡ
жþ͵ˣҶˣҶߴš֪εʱˮûиԹԲѵʱǲûԶ
һЩϡ࣡ˮסЦ
ҶͷѹͷôΣʲôɳԵģٲ㣬һһͷģ
̫ɶˣˮЦţҶһ·Ź֡
֣͸ǰ϶΢ĵƹԼɼһڽǷլӣмİŮŵӭ
ʦ㣡ŮЦӯӯˮʺ򣬶ĿתҶߡ
λʦˣˮǵĺ棬ЦŵǶҶǹͣ
ŮĿٲȻһܾı顣
һͽСľɣ
񣡡ˮһǾŮӡ
Ҷ룬ԼѵΪ£ԼɱСŭˣ湻˥ﲻȥƫˮˣһЩĸģҹ͵ϮɲҪ
߰ɣˮĶҶֵĿһۡ
˹ŵլǰԿˣ߳һͷüĿġ
̲ˮ˵
ţˮˡˮһۺ϶Ҷ۾΢УֹʵǶɣһ·ˣ
үүãȷʵģҶòЦ
ҳ̲ͺãǳ̲һܳ
Ŷ̲ҶЦţŴүү̰ǲҽеġ
լӲǺܿԺ߰˿ˣΪ˳ӣҶӿȥЩݡ
߽ƻͨǰҶЩǰŶţ͸һſɿһСԺֵǴ̵ӡмһСҶų̲ˮСȥʮɼһĺСԺСԺмһʯ
ʯϰƵʳҶѬ÷ңһҪʳ
ãǳ̲£ܿ붭Ҷˡ
ҶȻ̻ʣһԵ٣ֻˮͳ̲ҪȻӰǽѩϼ˪Ź֡
˺󣬾һǺü죬һľǶģˮԺҲҪԵˣǲ˵֪Ҷ¿ӣʮֲˮ
ˮҶˣ⻰˵ãǰһ
һߵĳ̲ܺͰЦǸס鷿мǸңұ䷿ӣһСģһš
ҶһȦסƶ
ҾסڿյǼɣҶ˵꣬ˮ͵Ǽյҵģ
סСķҲУҶνˮֻס˵ĵ̫ܲڣ˵Ǹ˺ôӭҲԸɫӡ
ȥסأһµССԺǰ
ɫĵƹϣŨü۵ģһĨº͵Ц⣬ҶС䣬ͻȻ⺢ӳҲ൱üĿ㰡էһӻзֻ࣬Ѿͷأ
ȻǶסˣҾֻסǸǼ俩ҶЦûˣЩء
ǹҽȥɣСŶҶ߹ȥ
ƿţһ嵭ĻӭҶ˵ҹǰһǸŮӣԽ˵ķɧϵĻƺ˺üζΪζһ˿ɵ㣬ɫˣȴһűϵó
Ʃ磬ҵĻ㣬ϸϸһţϢ嵭ģƺ壬ҶţԸЦˡ
Сƣķ䱻͵ĵƹߵƿյĴţҹ紵뷿У̵̨ҶƮҶߵǰӺһƬ֡
СڶҶ𣺡ӴСŲû㣬Ǻֻ㣬ȫͣĴ磬һļļûл㣿ɫԲ˵캣ģƾգ÷Ҳܲġ
û뵽Ǻأ۹ֲǲĲ˵Ҳͦεġ
øָĻѬ·տʼʱ򣬹Ӵ·̳Բ˵һʲôˣƢʮֱ겻״̬˰꣬ӵʱ˰Ȧ۾޹⣬㲣÷۵ֱޡ
ʱˣҶҲѵӦǾʹʹϲϲ
ʮһ꣬տʼѧ̺ӣСЩ⣬󣬹ӶԻӦˣֻҪ̫Ũҵġ
ǵùʮ궬죬ɽ÷һһȵ÷ֵˣԸǺ͹һȥ÷깫ÿʧһ꣬˿Ըǣ÷һ죡
ߣҶᣬС仹βĽ͵Ŵۣŭ
󣬾˶˵÷ÿ÷ǶԽͯŮۣ֪ǽͯ˵ľǼҹӣŮǣ
ǣʲôǣˮС£϶ľͷƵСʹɫ
Сһ۶ҶԼͣҶҪ޲޵ӲŮ˳Դ׵ǸῤǼʵŮΣ
ûϵ˵˵ţҶ˵˵Ҿ㣡
С֨ǰ£ǹȥˣӦǰģٺ٣һ˵һűˣűߣһתȾ
ʲôܣ˵𣿡ҶذѲ豭ˤϣĵǵ䵽ϵˮΡ
ᰡˮװڱǡ
ҷ𣿸˵˼ƽϣôСң
ΪΣˮŲյҶǰŹϵκα顣




099   

ΪΣãҶɨһˮЦӯӯߵ̴ľ¹ǰʱʱõģ
¹һѴɫ·ɢŵĻ㡣ҶƵĹ¹ǰɴᴹĴȥϵıӣͷһɫİס
ⷿеֲҶ૵˵ԼסķŪӣֲǾƵꡣ
ֲ˵ķ䰡ˮԡ
Բ˵ֲȥһһ״þߣֻҪǰ׵ģʲôɫУҶ˵ʰϵĶ
⡭ˮվԭسɲ
ȥŸҶͷˮվţ
ˮƲƲ죬Ըĳȥˡ
ˮĽŲԶȥҶæһڰһѰɫĶ˹
ϵһ£̨³һӰֱֱĿڷȥĶҶ
ϰһ٣ɫɫҡҶһˣߵߣңһġ˲ڰ㸡ķ
û뵽ᵯ٣Ҷϸһ٣ߴٱߵһ֧ѣæⲻʮĵպѽ
ѣԺԴԴϵļ˳ҶѵӷߣšѱԼɣָ΢ȡĴ˵ӡ
һֻĺ˵䣬Ʈ㡣
Ҷ˫ĿָĵС
Ѵ⣬լϿա
ˮ§űӾվǰƱ𺳣۽͸ŵ㾧Ө
һˣҶ˫ĿĦеѣӵʮļ䣬ܴ˸˵ĵӣʱԼҪȥ浽ĵ׵ЩԼļ䣬ԼӰΣͬǽ죬ܸмʮ֡
̨ûӰһ֦˵֦ڵϣҶӱ飬ϸ
ʶˣˮЦĿһ۶Ҷ§űӵϡ
ҶĪĵɴۡ
ڷָ죬רĴѵ˸ˣˮأ˵ţûҶͻȻ
˸ˣǸʮɣҶ⵽ǰ۾䵽ٽ̨һ£һ֦۶ϵ֦üͷ𣬰չһĨЦ
ˮӰһŽ𣿡Ҷϴ̨ҡҡλΣֽץסŻָƽȡ
ˮ̺ñӣߵҶߣǲ԰׵һ˿ҵߣ΢
Ҫʲôֻ˵˵Ի˵ˮǽŶҶ
ҶͷڴϣĿбЦ˵ˮΣ˭Ҫ
ˮͷ޵ӳʡ
ҶתͷЦʣ޵ӳʣΪ˶𣿡
ˮͷʦүŮ׸ĸʦү԰ӵӰ󡣡
Ӱ󵽵ôѡģ
Ӱ󱲷ߵ˶ģλʦү߸ӣֻһΪɸķֱΪеӵʦӰĸԳףȢ˲֮ˣôӺͶŮڴ˾סһҪԼݣһйҪ֮λ
ҶɻĿˮҪʣˮ̾ʦүΪ˰ӰأѾʾ֮λͼˣ
Ǹ޵ӳǸʲôˣ˸Уһ˻
ͻף
ˮ˵ҪȥˮҶԡһְˡ
=============================================================
Ǹ̫ˣ»ǧ֡




0100  뿪

ϼ
ϼһؤֶ棬ҶǴ˷ֶĶλá
նķԸѺóڶϱ·ڣ͵Űˣ
ţʯϣɼüͷΪĹϵҼ˾Ͳö֪ˡ
ʯһţҡҡͷ̾
ǿǺãҰеû˼·ӱ·ڽǲʹ𣿡
ҪȻ뻭ʦһĻŻϸͣϲʯΪԼ˸ð취ϵЦһ仨
룬ͬ˴ģǱ¶˰𣿡
ô죿ʯһͷҷ
ģģ׳ĶΪЧȥˣȺеģⶡ¶첻ãͲʮ꣬벻취¾Թ
٣˵ʲôֲһдţŮӵǿɲԱʯС󳼡ְ𣬵¾ͽ̵
ͷİڰֵҿûԱֻʵŽеᣬ˵ĵʱ򷢷ɧ
𣿡ʯźʡ
ǰ˵ģҲǣñһòȥϸˣʱϲҾְ
ʯֻ㬵ֽˣһ߻ֹƽʱﻭСӲ˵Ƿˣ񻭰ͷϣҪҵ
Ӱ
һİӰӴ̨룬ϣĵš
Ƕµ鷿Ҷרߴ±ʣŸ׽ȡ°ŵֽ
׼ȫݣҶĬ󣬰ֽ˺١
ϼӰ󲻹·̣һ˳ɻع֯ˡ
Ҷ΢Ц׸ͷֻ׸ǶרõģδӰܾͱˣĻܰŰȫ͵С
СףһŮͻȻڷǰ
Ҷ̧ͷˣˣڳˣǿ찡
޵ӳһϵذɫȹִµţ԰׵ʩ죬ϣǳһɵҩ㡣
ֳ׸ỽǰ׸ʮֲİƹͷȥˡ
޵ӳɫÿᴹԹ˵ǰ׸ϵҩζգʦ֣ÿ˶ң
С㣬Ӳãôվأͷ˿ǺãһѾ첽߽鷿ŵķ޵ӳ붭ҶԵϡ
Ѿͷ޵ӳº̧ͷɨһ۶ҶöҶˮߵѾ
СݣȥգЩҪ붭ﵥ̸̸޵ӳϸӣ֪С㡣
Ҷ룬ҹķǽԺվڴɱ˵˻Ź֣⼸գÿ˯ҹԾ󾱷Ͳ˵ˣӰ߲ģһӰӳڷеľ˵ǲܵġΪǹأ
Ҷ𻭱ʣһһĹŻе
޵ӳʶڶҶĵŭˣֻϷˣϲŭ˵ͱ䣬װɲ˵Ҳȡ¡
޵ӳСĵվֳ⵽Ҷߣÿǲѧ֮ˣ⻭ǡÿ
ҶЦŴû˶͵ģ޵ӳ˵ͰһͿ˰ɣ
¸Ҳ˵ÿأҶ죬Ͻһ顣
޵ӳʿɬı֣ҧ촽סеζ۾ϿȥȻʷ֣ȷΣϲ׽żãһ۾Ϳǻѱ߳Կ˶£ãԶĨļأ
޵ӳ꣬͵͵ŶҶʦүǶŮõʦֲϼˡ
㼫Ϥˣ
޵ӳʹü΢΢ɵѵʦ֣
Ǻǣˣ
Ȼʦֻ˲ɾԶĨأã̫ˣ޵ӳʰýϡ
ǰɾԶҲʮֵĸɾƫϲӡҶĴ
޵ӳʴ̳㷭ָģҶ޵ӳһΣ΢ƲװŮװʱ
Ŷ޵С㣬ô¸ʦأӦýʦ𣿡Ҷգգ۾ʮֲĿ޵ӳʡ
޵ӳɿյ֣ɵ˵ʦֵʦҵ游Ҳ游ѧգʦҲΪ棡
ѽ޵СҲ书
޵ӳɫ΢΢һ䣬תЦѧ䣬ƽ游ѧϰԺգ
أҶ޵ѧ壬ѧ䣬ز¶ﲻһ
ޣ޵ӳǫ΢Ц
Ҷδʦ֣ʵڹЩʦһɣ޵ӳ۾ͻȻ
Ҷͷ
ʦֿɺãˣ޵ӳʼץסҶ䡣
Ҷͣıʣһ޵ӳʣȻصһ㣡
ֻӽҪȻҲܸʦߣչӣȥһį޵ӳʰ̾ϣǵǵı黹öҶмֶݡ
޵ӳȻϷԶµĸǻʵġҶЩ֮˱пɺ֮
ôįأҶʼ硣
ʲô˼޵ӳü۾
Ҷ׵˲ǶϲժҰʦҲˣ
޵ӳʲ˼ĿŶҶͻȻŭսŮ̫ʦֲŻһЩŮֻʦůİˣ
ЩŮˣкܶŮˣҶһ޵С˵ЩŮ˰𣿡
Ҳܴʦֻش𡣡޵ӳתͷ
Ҷ»ʣߵ谸衣
˵Щĵˣմˣ޵С֪ĳ𣿡Ҷеһݸ޵ӳʡ
޵ӳʽӹ裬еϲãӰǲģ
ѽȥ棬ˮСŰúܣֲϴҳȥƽⲻǵ󷨣ȥҲãҶյ֧ͷûʵġ
ĳһϼǣ
޵С㣬ɲ԰һæҶóϣĿ⿴޵ӳʡ
ãʲôܰҾ޵ӳʳϿҵ˵
ý㣬ҳȥɺãˣĿҪˣҶ˵޵ӳϣ䡣
޵ӳЩȴΪѵľܾ򲻿ɣ£ʦֹҿν
ģдһŸ㽻˵ԼҪȥģ㣡

޵ӳʽ˼˰㣬ҧӦˡ
Լʱ޵ӳʱȥˡ
Ҷߣ̵ĺ˻裬ȻʣдţϣͿεȥˡ
³ߣǿա
ͷԼƻ󣡽й˽ڣϧ˲֪ţ֯Ů͸˵ʲôˣҶվڴͷ£Ǻҹ޵ӳԼõʱֻôһˡ
˵˼ţ֯ŮȵᣬҲ̫ɷ羰˰ɣҪôͱͱŪ°Ҷ£ƵƵ̾
˭һ仨Ҿͼ޸˵ţȻջĻصк˼衣
ʱú󣬶ҶǽһͣæϲİУӴȥ
ǽϳһˣҶó޵ӳߵѾͷСšǽͷСӣתһͷȥ޵ӳˡ
ãСݷ޵ӳΪҶ·
޵ӳȻӣ߲˶Զ滨ȴֻһСʱ䣬ֵҹĵطʱСݴӵϼʯӳӹȥЩ˾ͱסˡ
ҶڱЦӯӯСݲӰӣֻǸѾͷܷʯˣҲ̫˰ɣÿ֪ǹ飬Сֻʯ޵ӳȥġ
Լ˰ʱ˵˴ڡ
Сʧ˻ᣬ֪Ӻδǣһƥ
ãֻܵˣһǾͻᷢʱ鷳ˣ
ţл㣡ӹСݵݹ֣Ҷͷѹ
ãأ޵ӳʼ
Ҷһ㶣һ󣬲ҳһ
㣬ڣҶܺˬ޵ӳʹ
˳̵һƨɣֻһ˻УǰԾ𣬡ಡһǰ͵ĳ˳ȥ
޵ӳһߣֽΣߵİŲڽ¡
С㣬ôˣСæʵ
޳ܣ޵ӳʺݺҧŶҶʧķ򣬡һһʬ޴棡
Сݼ޵ӳʽµţ󣬷߷ߵˣˣС㣬ǻ׷ȥ𣿡
޴˵ʵ׷ȥɱʦҲ֪ģ޵ӳͨ졣
ǾˣСЩʡ
һҩ˷裬Ҳˣ취ˮҲü޵ӳתһƵطɱȥ




0101  ¼

ͣҶӸǰ˱׵ˤӲӲҡ谡滳ƨǲѱˣ֪ǱĻǼġ
ߴϵͻȻͷһᣬ·ߵĳȥҶŵøæ˵ϡ
һֱڿ񱼣ɥʧǵĺܡ
ҶѾòԣ֮ǰ׼˦µأƨɿȴ񾭲һ϶ǱͶ˶
ҶҧҧǰϮ֦͵һ˫ָպץס֦ǰȥȴ֦ת˺üȦȦֹͣת˿ƽҵû֦꣬־µžˡȡҵӲĵϡ
ҵĽţҶʹóѹڵϵĽţŤһ£ûۡ
ɵģӦòˣҶ˸һһյ·ȥ
Ҿ֪޵ӳǳŮûģҶͣͣߣϴ·ʱѴˡ
ͷϸ̧ͷִֺ̫Ҷǰûоͷ·ͷðϣҪǵղɡ
Ӱ
ˮС俴ǿյĴһᣬȻӿЦ
С㣬˵᲻ˣСݿŴڴߵ޵ӳʣСʡ
˲źã޵ӳʺݺݴ塣
ǡСݿһ۱۷޵ӳʣŵõͷ
Ҷ޵ӳʵдģΪ˱ɱڣдţһ㣬һת£ģŵݲͬģϼ򵥣һȽϸӣΪҪɱ˵ĶԾͶ˷˵īˮ
ҹ޵ӳʿź󣬼æܻضµס䵹ҲҲһţˮСΪͶµҩ̫࣬ôŪҲѣһڣ߱㷺˰ףֻ֮÷ع뷿
ҶӵºܿתӰ󣬸²ڣλʦү»˵ᣬҲ֮ˡû뵽֮ôԶҶɥڴ·ԣΪԹţ˭֪˴Ӱûһһյģѱˮʪϼ
˿Ϻ·ҶóļҼһͨ·һһɡ
ִҾŪȹǸöˬҶ˵꣬ӣһһǰȥ
˿һֻ׸ͷɹתûӰ
̫ɽʱ򣬶Ҷ·߲ԶһСϪȻ˾¶ڴˣ컹ûڣһѸ֦ȻϪ߳˵İӡ
˵ĽԽԽʹƣҶӺСϪѰһЩϵõĲҩãȫ֮ǰһֽٻݡģҰһĲҩú󣬷ڽϣȻ˺ϵһá
ȼ˸֦èڻѱ߷һ¶޻Ұǵڶˣǵõһػ˰ҹأﾹһˣһ겻̣µһѡ
Ҷֹţ˿ʣĸӣ̲סóһ֦ŷŵϿ
Ҷ̵ĳԵİӣͻԶһ׹̧ͷոջǴµͻȻͱһ磬ӳƹҹգۿҪˣһһƬƵøӵ𾢣űߵĻĭҲһߣͻıʣԵЩֲߵǾ䡮ˡû˵ڣһζı
ܵĴ£±µԽԽѱϣҶվţη紵룬ֻҪһһײͷϣʪ˾ʪ˰ɣ
ҶվһΪվŸ꣬߸·ԣ¼ӣһһǳļǰߡ
붭ҶƵģܾòͣ粻ϣҶű·ôΣֻһ뷨ǾǺڡ
֪˶ãеľˣŲԽԽأͷҲԵ޹ʵʹȥǵεɡ
ǰˡ
ӣǰˣ
ͣ£Ӻવһ˻شȥʲôˣ
һϤ۵ϵĶҶԼúжֲԾץţ̧ͷ
û°ɣƶҶ
˵Ҷ˳һ̧ǰҵҡҡͷ
ܴܲһ̣Ҷʣż⣬ԿǸʮͷˣƾоӦòǻˡ
ȵȣתȥ
УҶ˵ǸСǲˣ
Сһ
Ҷ죬ͷʵʹһʱҲû
ડֽɡϵ
걻ͷϵɡ룬Ҷ̧ͷվűߵˡպһһŨü۵Ӣ˲㵵
Ѿͷ˰ΣæҶȥ
£γĶҶʵ𣿡
һ㣡Ҷöͷ̵òУ۾Ҳˡ
ֻǵ缱ææİ£ȻԼ£Ҳ֪ûУӾôһڣʲô֪ˡ
գգϻŵСˮ̲Ԥʾҹ¹һꡣ
峿ůᣬһŲ԰׵СϣڶĽëķɫ촽Ʋһ£˿ҵɢԣĵ׵ü͸
˿촽ɷɫ˵ѾȥްֻǣĿ䵽ֵļϣ˺ۻûȫãⲻ⣬ҹΪѣν޲ۣ֪Ź֡
ֻ֪֪˵û֪ҹѾͷʹȥˣҲǵˣ۾Ź°ʹ򶨺˰ܲصײ㣬Ժ˴ײ
ӣ
ͻ鷳ϻˣ֪֪ǻиϳ֪
ʲô𣿡Ӳ࣬˻һ³
ʲôʱ̣Ǹϳ޾Լŭ治ɫĿ
翿ųţǸϳ˳һĨʮЦݣ£ȥˣ
Ǹϳһᣬϵ繰֣ȻһԲˡ
ӲıӰǣֻӰ˲Ż£ϳĶôиԣ
һڳϳĶԭίǳƢĶ£ǲǵҸطһӣ¾û£ٴƿǺ˯е˶һ𣺡ˣ
˯е˱һŵýë΢һ̧ϡͿ
ʪ͸£ĻҰ·ֻ·һţᶭҶ̧۾ϵ·ǰѳǰŵýࡣ
ֻѪӿһͷԴ¿ƺҲϴˡ
Ҷ㿴ԼĴԭһҡš
ڶҶһ˲һʧڳǰ
ۣ찡Ҷ˿йӣҳǷµġ
Źʽ£Ҷ˳ź࣬ڵϲжʹԶĲݵɹ·Ьӣ米ڵϣϵԼͷ
֣ڸʲôҶ߹ȥ
תЩȻڰ׷ת˼Ȧϰҡ





0102  νδ

Ҷԣ̧ͷ죬ߴѾĳͷֻ꣬ϲŻҡ
֣㿴ҶָеڵƣҸҴĲм̣ƾͻȻϯأ꽻ˣ
綨˶ҶһᣬȻתӣû꣡
ҲǺúõģͱģҶִΪԼĿǶԵġ
·ǳҶһƮתƣԺﲻϻطŸղŵ龰濴ݲߴģӵ£ʲôֱ㲲˵ĻʮֵĲ
Ҷ·ʹСʯӣһʱͷԣѵԼ£ǵһ˵ģôˣҶܣʵǸϳأ
ˣ粻Ծķ
ضҶˣ֣ȥ°ɣԼ߾У鷳ˣ
԰׵СŵĲݣ΢̵ĳᴹ£С찲ţֻĴ࣬Ǽ߰ȹӣҶ΢ͷ˳վǰһµСֵ̿ģ
ţû˼ٿСӣڷЩҡڵӣһʹûˣԾԼЩԾȻӵ뻳ͼ
һѾͷˣͬķˣ߰οԼ֮߰ǰҵһЩݸҶȳԵ㶫ɣûʲôҪ
Ҷӹӣ΢ЦֶƭңţҲһҪȥӰɣ
ҧһ棬ŶҶֵ۾ɵЦ֣ǲǣҲµöԲԣ
ģԼؿڣжǶҶȾ֭Ľ촽꣬ѵòŮˣһǵģҪȻôһöѿƵѾͷȤ
֣ôˣҶɵþǰ˻ΣŶûһôɵ
Ա˾߰ɣ絭ѹе쳣ֱϳλȥ
ҶֻüæòеĿĲԾ·Խ۵ҰɫģɫģɫģɫڷҡҷȻֻһҰʢڻߵ֣ȴȻֳԼһ档
ǵСʱżҴС·ͬ죬ͬģͬįʢҰƻϣװףŽ̤ͷñӣȹӣĿֵһֻСɢݵ·衣
ҶϣֻţΰΣȻˬܱ캹䤱ʱ˲ʮ
𣿡ͻȻɤŸҶ
ʲôڲڵģת̫󣬶ҶòӴ
Ӱ󲻳ԲƫҪܳ÷紵ɹܵģ
Ե޹ʵİ׳԰׺ȱ˵ģҲϲңҸҪ˼ƨɣԼĵ̵ϴڶã
۸㣿ɫ
⵹ûУҶ룬˼չ˵ҲͦܵģǸ޵ӳʣĴСе书ʶ˵㣬ĻȴأҲӰԼ֡
ôģ˵ܹ죬һ˽ȥ˵ֳˣͻȻѳͣ£ܵͶҶ۵Сۡ
µ÷ŪģҶͷ޵ӳʶǺˡ
޵ʲôʣŨüһתƣĶŶҶ
ţ޵ӳʡҶͷʣô֪ģ
ôþûʱװ𣿡ҶߣҶһЦҵѾͷҽݰɣ
ЦɪʹҶʮֻĳ⣬ʲôĿģ
ĿģᳶЩƲͷװϵĻҳ˵ΪþͲзǷˡ
Ҷôװ֮ҿԿǸݡ
ˣʲôҶ㣡ʮֽƻĻش
֮˾͵Ѿ죬˵һЩʲôͬпͬԵԣˡ
ݣΪִ˵ĶҶ˵Щ˼壬ҪһЦˡ
˵ɣҶļ
籧űۣһε鿴ŶҶ
硣Ҷ̵Ľо൱ĴţԺҲ˰֡
ЦչѶҶڻ۰Լûʲô˵ģʮڴƺ£÷ƺͦġ
òǰһ߶ʡ
ʵҲûʲôˣֻ¸ջҽݰˣ밡ǸôûԶϴ
Ҷһų߹ȥ׼ɶ
⼸ÿκ˶߶Ҫƽ˵ӣһСԺ䷿ݣûӶˣʳ˵ö档
ʳҶĶˡ
Ѿͷҿɲƭ㣬˵Щʱ棬׿˵ֻҸˣΪϴżܣоСһ
˼ǮҲҪ𣿡ƾµݵλʲôӣƶӣⱲû⸣οҶأǰڵ̯ҲҪڵ÷ˮģƶӣߣֻǮˣ֪뷨ˣƶ֪ʲôǴ
¾Ҫ£˳ɻɣ
Ҷ䣬һƨɣһſ࣬Ҫ룬Ҿ棬ҪһӶ
ҵһ۵ŮӣҲҪһ˵ӣţסǼҸڣҲиӦʮ㽵ա
Ҷʲ죡ʲô





0103   ĬĬĸ

ԸţҶһԲĿߵҰҰݣСϣҳɽɽẉ̂࣬ƺûоͷôˣѾͷҶĬճһֻǲ԰׵СôѹЩʲôأ
Ҷһཱུϸߣ
ȻʧЦһ㲻
û˵еȶƷϧԶ붾ƷΪ˻þõ㣬һ㶼ʮֵľ
ѽղ˭˵棬ʲôƶоģ˭˵ˣѾͷ˭˵أ޵ЦʣԵĸ̾һɰŮӱһòŮ˸
ҶٵȻݺȥϳ
УΪ˻õ㣬ҿɲܹ͸޻ҶҶצӣЦüг
Ҷ᲻еֻա
ѹ
ҹʹǱ֮̿󣬵ڶһ﷢СӺʮʬ塣
Ƴմŭһ°ѻʹΧʵʵ˽֮ͨ³Ŵʺ󣭣
³ţ̵ʱʱ̡
´Ҵṳ̀żͻȻǰ
ҪȥʹͷȻ
š¿һۣīԹʣȻַתأ㡣
ɱˣ
ɱˣնӦ
ʱ㣬̧ͷĿ΢С
³֮󣬲׺鶨һ֮˫ַϣ˵̤꣬䡣
̳ϣɫĴ쳤ȹɫƽˮ󣬳һʵĹâ
̳Χˮйͨ඼ǡ
Ƴ߸̨ϣеĺȵòˮµӰЩƫʱ̲ԶˡСϣһ۵ƽͶꡣ
ʵȥӰȥ㣡˵꣬ӻȡһŵݸҶ
ɵĽӹҶҴҴ򿪣ϤּƮУҶҲԹԵĵһΪһ£ֺ¹һʿв׺һöΪǰȥȡأֻҪ֪ҵĹϵ㡣֡
ʲôΪΪʲôʱ޸ˣҶţůˮһһֱϡ
ôֿˣ޲ޣѶҶͷڻοš
أΪʲô֪𣿴ƳѹĹǾҹͶģ˵޼ˡ
㶼֪üͷ
ҶţҲµģء
һ³˵̹ǰܸ޷ˣڶ޼ˮսͣ󣬶ģ´ôѹǱͼ
ҶͷͷǵҲ޼Ҫȡ޷λãҪԲȥѹչػλ
Ҿ֪ңҶõ۽ǵᣬоƱȥһ֣ʹʹǹֶΪĶĸ޷̣ǸһŵĻᣬһ¾ͻᶮãӮֻҪ޷ȻǻʵۣǾûлȥĿܣ޼ϣ
ðȻ뿪ɰðһ߰ţãӷּǣˮ봺ƳĻı
ȣҶӣĵͷ֪ȻˮεĻȥôˣ
ΪӰķϣ书ʦţң뿪Զ˫
ǰɣôԼôݣҶ룬һңֶûˣŻʲô˼
ֻһֻ¼ʱֹ˵ʵҲǿϵǿ֮󣬲ſ϶޼ͼģ֮ǰֻɡ
˼˵ֻҾȻضѣֻǺб䣿
û޼¶ĸ飬봺ƳƴһȻٳûðҹչϻλ
޼渹ڣҶҧմû֦ҡչģ治Ǹö
ͷʾ֧֣ڵ֮ңڴܶി
ҶƲƲ죬̫ɶˣң
֮·Ժ󣬾޼ˣôҪβλսƽϢҲЮβˣҲʿʲôģͻȻٺЦ
Ǽһﲻթƭ޷ɣҶ룬һթͲĿˣ뱲ôզأ
زҲֻˣֻƻҲŲ¶ԴƳĳޣűķ
ʲôķҶһԭ¾ôģ
תȦ˵Ƴɱؤӣ
ԭίҲ֪ΪδƳƭ㣿˳ǿˣ֪ƽײǸʬδʦ˭𣿡
Ҷۣ˭
ɫħ
ôɣ
ƽʹҾ;书ʶ˵ţԺ㾪˫ա
书ʽҶȥһ۹⡣
ε̾˿ѽ
µһįҶϽߣػƫ⣡
Ѫϻ书ɫħԼȴûѧƽõǱ书ŵķвᵽ书ߣѧɺ󣬸տʼ࣬ǣõĴԽ࣬ѪԽ̫ѪºŲڣߣ书ȫϣߣ߻ħѪܱѶ
Ҷ۾ѹֽ׵ڴƳϣǲǷ쳣Է书
пܣ
ҶͻȻĬˣʹɫ˵ǰŤ·Ϊ˱ȫҵѹҶȴñʹ֪֪ҲŮ᲻Լĸ
ô࣬Щ²ǿ˵꣬Ҳͣ
ҶɵĿ磬֪ΪͣһֱǰҲֻ˳ſȥֻһֳû·֪꣬·ͨϼǵġ
Ӧ߹ѽҶŷѵ磬ôǸϵˣ·ϵá
ҹ꣬治ɫ˵ȫȻ
˴̣һ·ϹӰûһҹǼݳ·϶кۼȥ֪Ҷ磬磬ȥ壡缫Ը˳룬·Ҳϼǣҿһ£еĻͷ˵һ
ʻ˵ϣҶʹ۾Ҳۡ
ҹô꣬ĻʲôۼܽôˣҰɣɷ԰š
ҶãĲƵҧҧȻݺݶһ仰ʹթҶ㣡





104   Ծ

ַҵķ£ƽİȴһЩŹֵˣȻеƽ˵ţ̾ϢţֻҪһͻᷢһյΪ
ƳλվһԾŮеĮŮıǣͬ˪棬ȴ໥񽻻͸һɺ
սƫһбƮĹ⻷ںͻȻЦĴϣ˲꼻һ֣˻ҵȺһʱ̾ϢƵƵϡ
ʱѵ̣ƳͬݽɨȻĮ̨¼ǡ
ѿʼٳ󵶣ĵڰգסͶںϵ⣬µȻЦţָḧϸ촽΢ţһξӨ͸˳£νѪһ޵ȹ
ֵĵǰķ۾ƳĹţȡ³ıҶ
վڴƳλŮѰνǹ֣Ѻſ˻
ѩ΢һ
ѩ˲׺ǲίȫȡǹѪĽѸɱǵʯͻȻĴ
ƳеҶѩü
һ֧ƿյĽֱѩҶ
ѩСˣ˪ӿ׹룬ѩԶ
̨µȺ޾ɢӿһüִ
أƳĴ䣬ͫ͸һĨ˸䡣
ͻдǻ㰧˲ӰӰϮ󿰱·ѩᵯδˣһӱһѺɫת̳ϣƮīɫ˿ϢȻ˳Ⱦİϣ̧ͬī֭ٵͫȪɾʣл
ӰѾõ٣ƳɫӳȼյĻӿųŶϮȥ
Ŀ⣬ָڷİָе棬ĬȻ
ƳһЦȴҳҵҶصȥˣ
ģٵͻȻ̧̹ȻĴƳ
Ȼ¸ſ
˭ģɲδ価ƿյ䣼ֱƳȥ
˲䣬ɱ˺ɱؾ
ƳƵĿڿն·ɱԾգǽӭԶ
£ɼս㲢δȻ˽һ֣Ƴ͸һĨ
Ҳʣֺαض塣
ƳЦŷƣ޷֪ˣ
±ڳϣӭŴĿ⣬Ȼңֻһˡ
Զ׼λòѡƳĬɨһɫ޳Ķ£ֻһǣͻȻ֣ڣҵҶͲصҵߡ
ûңҲߡ
ŶƳβЦ⣬·˵һЦ飬ɵѾͷȻ˵ģ
ΪܺЦ𣿡
һûֹ˭ǰɰģ˵öǴԺҺ޲һڰˣƳૣϸܵЦŵҸ
ǵӵҸ䴺Ƴϵöŭ죬ӵռ϶Լģɲñ»
ɣִӴĥָһӣϱ㵯һһİ
֮ɱҪǿִ֮˵ֶǡôʹã̫ܳܵͻױȥǣһԿأͻ˰ڲղܣʹľ磬ʱСϵ⣬׸ˡ
ǣͶľʯһȦȦչǽ˺ɱˣԾеĵǳſϺҴΨǼ书ǿܵȻĹۿǽϵಫ
µĽ˫Ŀȵ𽥺εϣ޳ָƴķɶ꣬һǰ
Ȼģһһҹĺָţǽ´ѿʼºѪ۾͹Щܲ˷˷Ƶͷײأ˱ɻʹࡣ
ӰȫľȻɫ࣬Ƭ̲ͣźϺϡ
˪˴ʱҲ˫ĿĿ
Ƴ̬ҲòڵأŶµ
ٿأڿն𣬶ƮƮϼĹɱҲԽԽ
ƵĽ޶Ʈ𣬴ƳĶϸǽ»ܳס˪ĴɢȥƳԸеӿ죬Ѫڣƴѹסʺӿȵ㾡ȫƣһϮȥһֱҪ
רķ٣δӲĽ˴ƳһơƷΪ˻ɢ˲ȣʱ޴󰭡
һ߿ֱͶĤļѰģĹǣƳһƺͻȻЪȣһɲõԤֱļ䡣
ģһѵ봺Ƴؿڣһ֧񴩹塣
ƳɫңδʹֻϿһڣȻģƺǧֻܷ˻ҧ
ˣҳĻᣡҵ٣ڴƳǰ
һƬǽʬңɺѪƺʹ̫ɽ֮󣬲̿ľµĲкȾߵƶ䣬ϵĺɢȥָ𪡣




105  

ˣƳָؿڣӿѪָ£һһڰ߲ĳǽ֮ϣϼɢȥˮ紵ɫĳ
עû˵һ仰
л飬û̫ѿƳ׵Ц
ѪϻһǼ̵Ķҽժң֮Ҳ
뵽ġͬѰΪΪˡҶԭֻǡֿѿʼѪƳ԰׵뻳ȡһ˫ɫĶ׹ѵµݹȥתҶһУ˵Բ𡯡
ӹ׹鵭ĮԾ³ǽѹʱ˪о߹ʱǲųһĨЦ
˪һн֮ٺȾơ°ַ˪ϣ¡
˪µü壬ˡ
ˣµһЦתԶѩ㣬һڣǵġȵҪĶ
ɣڶ´æӴµһ˲һȴӿǰɫʮ÷ôĿġ
ҷڽ£ɫƣĿڳϣҹӳ룬˵ϣȾѪĴṴһ˿Ц˿ɣ룬չ˺Ҷ
ǣˡֻҪƷͺá
ī֧ţȻϣҹϡɳ죬ɱǰ΢΢ҶоѣƿһƬڣͣߴˮİġ졣
ҶŽˮȥȻʮЩǵĺˮ
ף棬ˣЩ뵡ֱ߳Уˮ˺һᣬǣһִϰ
ȥϼҪɺ𣿡Ҷɵʡ
ŶҶ綶üëЦý
΢΢ʹһСС񽥽˶Ҷߡ
ȥЩҰԱ̶ɺӡතҶķ˿Цҵȥ±ˡ
ߵɽͷƲ̫ȽȽ𣬺ϵȥԼɼƯż
һʳʱҶϴͷϹžӨˮ飬Ц˵ϴͷˬˡ
Ұ񣬶ҶŰβһ߻ŰϵǸҪˣϧѽ
վڴͷڵ۾ǳСϸ֣ߴƵƵ˵ûзѽûзȣϧһѰ磡
סҶ֣ģ΢΢һһ˹ʪʪķԹ򢣬¶һ˿֣ССܲסͻĻҡһ
̧ͷ죬̿չůϣﷴ˵壬ŮҪԼչˣǧˡ
𡣡Ҷߣһ磬˵磬ҡգҪȥȥ¡
΢䣬㲻Ϊȥȡ׺ˣ
Ҷ̧ͷƵЦҴ磬ȥҲһ
Уȥǲң˫ֻŵ㻺ʻȥ
׺ʲôõģ
ˣ
˭
ѩ˾綾Ҫò׺ƽҩ
ҶŹӣԳԵЦˣޣԭΪ
ҶΡ
ãҶֵǾǶԲҲȥ
㣿˶٣֣Ȼ˵ȥҲȥ
ʮһҹ⻼̹ˮѹǩ˹֮Լ޷žӴ̹ȴݣҹʮ·ؤ޼˾ռ˻ʳǡ
⻼ƽﷴսŸոտʼº쳬±ѣĴ滳ɵ޷ڻɽׯڶݣֻһСӳ죬Ͷҹ
޷ĻǣµͣսΣ޼˷ء
Ҷƭȥֺ˾¹νʿ֪սˣǱۣҪھ¹Ȫֻôš׺顯ԵǶɿɣ档
ƻʱ֣һʵĻִɿڣɿڴвã
ò֣Ȼս죬ȴδӰεһķ
ɿڴͣһ׵ĳϳǸŶҵˣ˸һ˫ĺͫʮֵɷ
ȱһ§ŰˮɫȹŮӣվڻǰ˫ڰ׷Ĵ۳ɿתһȦȻ󣬷۵Цѣ˸߲ҵĳŰɫܹȥ
ܵԣ˲һߵ׶Ӵк־ͼæ˳һ˲䣬ϵЦݱ㽩ϣ
Ҷ˴ķңתͷʣǼأһֱţҿޱӡ
ɣǾöҶʮַ˵ģһ˲۵׵ʧԶһøС
ʱˣԻѰ㣡ɣϳɣ
˼˵ţҶסɣ·εĿ
ɣƺ峺ˮ￴ԼĮӰӣ۵׵Ľź΢΢۽ǸڸղţǰŮӣﶨ˵ġ
ɣͷ
Ҷֲ̿˵أſڳرߣȻ˵ĻȴƳ󣬵޷ģʵ˭Ҳ򶨵ȥδ޷ԤģʮɵİҲʱ
ھˣ˵еİҶָֻ˾
ɣתͷһԵļȥˣַˣŮôܵˣչɫûһĲԸ˵ߴߴģͷʹ
ô°˵һ仰Ҷ˼Ŀɣ붪µıӰקúһ١
ҶôһУ󣬾ͰϿݳλϵСڣɣ룬ɣ㲻˵һ䣬Ծ͵ͷҡͷв
ɣ뻣һӱ޼ݳ
ѽô֢ΣҶƶᣬ롣
㲻˵Ҿ͵Ĭˣţһ⣺ǼǲӰ󣿡Ҷɣĺףûһ¡
Ҷָʮĺ׵ĶɲҵëˣҲᱻ
ˣõؤ鲻ʮСƵ£С͵ˣֻٵ֪ˣҶѰͷ۾˯ЩΣû˯þ
ҶɣΪתͷ͸ССĴڿ˯㣬ȻֿЦˣղŻĳ嶯
ʶԼƤɣЦݣָĮ





106  

Ҷ֮ʱͣһСĿջǰɣСǣȥιʳȻһ˿ջ
ҹסʹȥ˯ˣջеżյ͵ƣһŨŨͩζĿС
ͩͣҶǼյ˵
ڴһһһŮϰðķˣɣ벻˵Ҷ߹ȥ
Ҷŭˣɣ벻ɰèһţɣ룬ɧУſң
ǰɣſҶ󾱱·ȻָɣвٸңȺŹ㣡
ɣ뱧űĽ򴽰꣬ûһֱۣ͵˵ĻǷϻ
׺أҶϣȻû¶ȵģȴʮֵÿ֪Ǳ֮ġ
ҶѴ²µ˭ȥɫǰһ¿԰ףȴֺδߵԶǾǧġ
һҲǸӣѩŵĺžƣƤһ¡
һĿ˵ãҶŭߵιˡ
㣡㡮ݡվϵĽϡ
֮û֣Ϊѩס
ɣϵĽѳʣֶ棬۾㡣
ɣ룬ߣҶ˦ɣһԶɡݶж˿顣
ɣֳסȥֻӸǡ
Ҷ붼û;ܾĳˣ
ãȥѩ֪ʹܵߣֽļϡ
ŹӣκηӣǺˡɣĽĲϣеĽֻǳʡ
ѩɣ̣ŵʹò
ѩջطڶҶϵ֣ɣĽҲʡ
Ҷ磬ŭ򶼿ϵˣ̬
ȳԵ㶫ɣ뿴۶ҶԱߵλϣȻԼҲ¡
ĽˣҶƵز֪ǻôɣֲԼϹۣĸ첲գ
ûͶɣҶܲѹֵһ㡣
ҲҶߺߣԼ
Ա֮һסͷϣҶǿˣĽǵһ·Ŀŵģ֨֨ѽѽȻŭֱ
Ҷ㣬ΪЩסͶ
ӿ˲ѶҶϽͷԡĽطš
Ҷ·Ȼ㳤ҶŮûȤ
Ҷ֣ԼѣվڶҶǰγ
ҶһͣȻ󲻽Ŀʼ·Ц˵еҲУҪ֪ǰ͹˻ãûҪ˰ɣŮ˺οΪŮأ
ǰϵ·ϸһûְֶѰڵϣȻһ
˵ģҧгݣ׺ݵĵŶҶ
˵ιˣҶ¼·ĽƵĲϣеʹѪˡ
ĵƹЩҶľʵҲ֪Ͳɣľֻõ׺ˣȡġ
ɫӲ԰ףͻȻ½Ż
㻳ˣҶһᣬʵ
Ϊеĺɱ㣬˵޹ʹ
Ҷûٹִȥֻ˵ҰӸɣ·߳ţȥ
Ҷҵ굽ӵ복ǵĿ϶ȡװŲ׺Сӡ
㣡ҶѺ
㿴۶ҶڳǰδеͣʦǰģҪӾġ
ҪɱңҶƲ졣
ͷͻȻᳶһ´ǣҶ˰죬˻Ц
ԹԹʵ̫ۣϣеĺƽҸĳɳûгޣûнӰ⣬һѩ
㲻ɱˣԲԲ飿Ҹֲ죬Ϊθ˵ЩҶ֣Ů˲ɱѵлıһˣ
㿴Ҷɱˣȡ˲ֻеһɱҲ粻ˡ
㹻˼˵ҼڻûǶ鿩
ӵǷ
ǣҲΪĻıһ˵أ԰ڰת𣬱Ҫѧ书ȻҪϵرڵҵ˵Ҷ˵
ѩһƥĶ˼룬תͷҶҶȤ
Ҷһѳסβͣ㣬㵽ӣ
ѩֱ񿴰׳һɨһۣȴЦЦֵһͿסЦĿŶҶҺûɱ㣬ڣ
ǰ㣬ҶϽβͣ߷Ӷѿ
ҶĿʧããҹɫУϵϸۣ΢΢ĲҪ֪ҷĳˣһӺҡұץסֺģûˣҸôȥ
Զɣ붥겻˿һСƿҩ
ҶӹĨҩɣ룬˵ǻȥӣ
ɣΣͺ𣺡Ժ͵ưͰɣ
ɣ룬̫ˣҶ߷ߵ롣
˺ɣһֱŶҶΣԭ򣬶Ҷȥĵطȥ˭˸ɷţҶҲû취˵ҲӦǰưͻư͡
һƣ͹£ﶼڻɽɣ۵С۵ĹҶγɣ˯͵͵ˣÿһζסӰӸľ
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Ѳ˺üˡ
ɣһһɵŶҶ
Ը⣬ǻؾȥݣҶʡ
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ⲻУǲãˣҲѣɣƺ«Ȼʲôû߶Ҷһ·ȴҲ˲١ʱƳˣùֵֹģûдѱϲã˵ǰϻմѪģС֮ǰŭĳ֮ҹżǱԺȻͷȥôҲϲۡ
ʮļܾδȥˣʱˣƵʱ򴵵ӣŻǶõİ飬Ԫӣ˵˰ɣ
˪ȥҶɣߣߵÿ㡣
ӰɣɣЩ㲣һοڡ
ѽҶ˼룬ȻЦżǺŰѽưͲҩҲˣ
ɣ뺮ŶҶߡ
ǴҲ޼Ѿǰһµǻˣ޷ðΪףҹһΪ߳
Ҷɣ·ʱ򣬶Ҷ˿ŹؤϵĻᣬֻҪһؤʹչȥȻɣݺݵİЩؤˡ
ҹͳŶؤӾƽ޹ʵĸ޼Ҷģٵºɣ뵽ϼǣڳɹؤķֶ棬档
Ȳ裡˲裬춼ϲ£
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УӢҪˣڿ˵
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죬ưǫ֪̂
ɣһĽ˶ҶѨ󣬿ߡ
ƣһʱˣҶŽȱӦʱҶûӰˡ
ˣأҰѪҪˣ֪ıɱܿܿģҾҪһˣ޷ģֱ°֮λҲˣҶ󺰴УζܣǿѪ˵Сһ
ıһʼǸıģԺܶû˰ﰡô߻ƨӵĴԽӲˣ





107  󲡳

Ҷһֱָû꣬ɣ붪Ӱȥ
Ҷˣ˯ÿڸˣɣˮȣˣɣ˩סʮӳһΣһµӦɣȥþ취ÿһζɣʶƣóܽᣬɣţеš
Ļƻ裬ҶɣصӰ
ҶѰ˦ڼϣŸ˭ۡ
ˮСӶҶҶۼ⣬ɣ͵͵˿ȻͷҲصĴǵʧˡ
صµסˮ̲סһĶҶô˭ˣ
Ҷ˵ϣ˼Ȼʼ塣
ԭûѽˮƤЦⲻЦİķ˰
ԣͨͨߣˣҲûʲô˼Ҷί
˭˵ˣһûأˮԸ
ܷ˵ζѬ޴ڣҶȴʹͷĶסˮˣ¿ӣ߹ȥҶͷϵıӡ
ΪҶǵͨ죬ˮ룬ʵ𣿡
Ҷ͵Щȴŭϲȥˣ
ˣոѹˮĿתĿŶҶ
Ҷ˲ɺףû˵˰飺𣿡
ˮüµģ
ҶġšһΪɣ˵ʱ˾˵ƽϢ֮أ
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ˮҶ䣬ĵԼʲôζûϴˣ
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ʲôطҶ۾ʵ¹⣬ɷĴ֡
ˮͷôʶ֣
СʱûóԣǮ飿Ҷ˵һűȴһ󣬺ûöʮֹٵ¡
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Ҷ̧ͷٴ֣ŷʵǾá
ˮţúԿˡ
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ˮѶҶˮĸ˰Ȼ˳ȥˡ
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ߣҪȢŮˣһûУһͷŶߵ
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ҶҲǸȲңΪʲôҪǣҴûǣҲǣΪ£ҾҪ΢𣿿˳۾ֱ˵Ͼߣ˴ˣ˴
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ͽˣ΢΢Ϲ첽˳
ˣˣǱҶͷĺһڲ衣
游ɲҪӣ޵ӳʹɵߵͷߣΪ硣
ӳ£ͷ޵ӳʵ֣Цο
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δɵѾͷʲôأ϶ַ߷ߵߡ
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£Ӱ߲ԺӣµЩŶҶҲǱģͷ˶ҶֱȻ§ڻ
Ҷ£ǰͷůĻ




108  

Ҫߣ¸΢ʪķ
һʣҶƤһƣ϶ĵ߲ɡ
¶˶٣ֻϣָ⸧Ĵ꣬ò˵ôӣ
Ҷ̧ͷҲĿ࣬üŵľ뵡鲻Խ̧ȻЦ˵Ӳǳ𣿻ҪҸ
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ҪҶĿŶ£͵̿ˮǸɣ
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Ҷ裬ٱˮÿһжȣʴǣÿĳ΢ƽľգƮƮĵƹ£õС
̧ҶĿЦʣҲҪ𣿡
Ҷ˵ʲôͿ˵Ȼצӡ
Цü˳ߵߡ
ҶƱסȻ˿ѽ
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ţãҶͷһ£ıһ仨ʤߵš
ĵ¹ӰСԺᴹɴ᣸ĴԡгĲУƮڿ֮Եľϣ

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˭˵Ҫ˵İˮŴҶ
ҶƱԼһ˿ң±ˮƼϣæӸϡ
ˮЦŵҲẦ
ʲô˼ƤٺҲŮҶű˴·
ˣȥϴˣˮ˵ȥ¹
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ˮмġꡯһָŹ·ʵļ
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˻ģˮ˰죬
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˶ϥĶȹȻˣȹ¶ųģȻҶϣ㣬ǹŴҲû취
ҶͰһСʱҸᶼˣˮϵĳͷڼϣһһ۵ģˮĿɿڴ˭ţʮԸũԡ
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ĲҾͻֹûУˣ
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Ҷ̧ͷˮɫӣſţˮˣˮһֱӱ⣬˵ҪȢҵʱҲӦˣΪҿԺԵģշһܲˣҪôҪôʵİǲҸģοҲѧίԼ





109  

СҶˮΪҶߵˮȻڶҶԣɪϵ¼ƬҶ
ҶֽһƬҶﷴĿȻ૵ӹ졣
ʱָתһ˼ȣ̾飬޳
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ްѹʲôѽҶˮ֣ۿʪģȴ绨Ц̡
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ǿ𣿡ˮüͷ
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㲻𣿡Ҷһӣѹ磬ë
޵ӳʵɴָۣϴεʻûأ
ҶۣЦſʵô㷨
޵ӳʿһˮѹŭ㵱дһţ
ҿûôɣŹ
޵ӳתתӣͻȻˣң
Ҷ̾˿Ůأװñ١úѿ࣬ˮתˡ
޵ӳȴȻǣǲĽýвӡ
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޵ӳġߡһֹĵҡӡ
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ûҾͺ㣬壬Ϊȴʹ࣬£ǰడ࣡Ҷݺݴһ´壬һֵᣬⴲ̫Ӳˡ
Ҳֻȴʹֻ࣬㣡ǿƵİĿϡ
Ҷ΢㶣ѵԼ˼ˣ»Ǿɰøǲˣһһɣ
ҶЩԥʵ
ҶûĴ
ΪҴʲôɫ·ÿ
Ҷ͵̧ͷ㲻ɫˣ
ҶϲͲˡ
ҶͷƲϷʵ㲻·ÿ
ҶķΪӳȥааһЦѹ϶Ҷ
ҶæͷֵһЦͷͷ£óŶŽĻ
ǲ޼ɧģҶɫһ䣬ŵֶЩ򶶡
ЦЦĿ۶ҶȻеһţ㿴ɣ
Ҷÿˣʮа˾ӢĻ¡
˵꣬ޣ̫۸ˣһִµһƽ޹ʵĳ˼ױ͸Ǹڵɧ꣬˵ôʵȥ㲻֪ǸԺŮ˶ñţϵë࣬ǼӢ̣ˣ
ΪǼ£һ̫Ѩ˵
£ӵĺ°ҶߵĵŶ¡





110   ۵

ȥҩԺϸ˵ֽùҶеǳƮݵˡ
Ҷڷ̵״̬УŶµβʧſڣڵŭ޼ϵָֽϵĽᣬڵûţѣôݻǹ֡
͹ȵĶҶȣͷɥڷżϣĿ͵̧ͷԽԽա
СηηĴСҶ߹һͣһͷ󲻵òΪѵվڷǰ
ٷˣү˵ү˵Ĳ˽СķԸȥСһ˵꣬ת뿪
ʲô˵һ飡ҶһסС䡣
С̾˿үҲǵģԼҽл֪С
СʿˮתͷЦǣǣүθڲãٷĲˡ
ٷˣҶ۾ΣյĿС䣬סСϵ־ôһЮ
ﻹ𣿡С̵ֱϴƤ֮࣬һЦɱˣԴ򣬿ȴҲ򲻵õ
Ҷɿ֣ת¼ա
С䣬鶭Ҷ׽ԼղŵĻǲѾ˳ˣٷ˵ӣûƵģ˼ǣǰʵղС˵¶
Ҷתͷһ
Сһͷˮġһ
ҲˣֻԣҶֱֱС䡣
峺СԼǿȥʵί֮ŶһץҶͷЦˡ
С߳СԺſڣһţ
תͷһССȸԾٷ˲Ǹı˰ɣҲүүĶһ仰С¶ã˷ʳ
ǿԣҪ˴֣ҶͻȻԷˣֲֻԼָ֣ӱ
õģСĴ·Сһüչӵǰ·
ᣬҶڳָֻţһһν棬ȥǲζþһֱ
ᣬµԽԽˮԱɢˣڴŻûӰӡ
Сڳ롮Ӱá֮ܵ˫ȷӲǵٷţȥ߶Ҷĵ༸ͷ·ϳ伢ȻͷҪӦүż˵ĳҪúܶˡ
ʮ̤ˣСſϣڴĿ׷ԶֵĶҶֻ͹ϸϸ̡ķ
жþͿˣˡ
ȥȥңһʱҶʹɿڵĻ𣬻תһֻèŭС䡣
С䡮ٺ١ЦһͷҪߡ
ͷùҶһָСеͷʾ⡣
ҲˣС۾̾ڿˣӦ뵽ү˰ɣ
ҶƲƲ죬ұҪֻ㻻ζ
СͷߵҶߣΪү
Ҷըը˾飬İͷ͹һӣһᣬֻ̳⽹ڵըͷ
üװڵͷӵݸС䣬һ߳ȥ
СӹͷһŵӷܵӰȥ
үˣǵүģСͷǰһڣүٷ˵Ҫһʱ˼Сأ
ţʲôָŵ̿Ƶͷʵ
СΪѵڨЦƽԵǰ׷Ķ
ӣġ̿ȥΪͷĦ̫Сͷཡһ˵ӣֺԥıӣȻٱļԾԺһ壬ֱ˴ˡ
ٷģüˮƽָʲôóԵ
ţǣٷ˰Ѱװ׵ͷ͹һӾͳˣС˵ӱߣͷ˴Υĵѿ˵㣬Ӧòѳԣ
С䣬µ
Сߵߡ
أ˳ЮһͷõСǰ˰ɣȳԣҵٷһԡ
ү̫ˣǵûţŲһأСｹ̿ƵġըͷǸˮСˮ졣
һʱ֮һʱһʱ
ҹˮҶ̲ס˸ЩΪֵĳǴŹǷɢˣͷƫӯӯĹĴ˲ɴ
СȥſˣҶţǲõòˣǷţѽǰֳɵݣȴ֪ҪǺεȵѣΨһֵοǣζܺá
ҶŵĻƳγε棬ۣͬڹŴ˵ҲˣɪţԺ󿪸ݣģ·˲ƣ
Ӱõʱ򣬶¹ǶúͿˣЦȻЦղȥˣɫζȫǰһţӣͷ˵³һ˹ӣˡ
һŵ˶ΰصʱҲûˣҶ棬һĶŶ£Ϊòˮ伢ôá
ºһ̧Ҷʱ򣬹ɤŶʼлˡ
ҶΪⱲӳԹóԵģˮ٣öҶĸǲ١
ҲǣǣҲҶεĵö̲סˡ
Ҷ¼Ի
һ㣬µǵÿƺˡ
ţǵǣȡΪҶϵĻҳҶһҷԸΪˮԡ֮úϢ
Ҫȥϴҩԡ
ţһˣǵ̽ˣ
Ҷϲӣ˹ȥϺݺһףļ򺰵ǰˣϣؤﻹеþȡ
ֻһ̾ʱؤȰӴ򹷣һȥأŮ˲Ź֣
ߣȥϴҩԡҶνϲüңһҹû˯롣
ҶҪΪһϴ½һЦư§ڻ
ǣϴҶŶ»䣬ӵƿ򢣬ʱһһһĵ壬ҪҰϴӻóȥڵ̯ұ֤ʱ۾ų
ȵĴĶݺݵһڣȻĿܵӦӸˣǣ
ҶˮͷЦѾĻͦĬϸӿɽҲ
ҶδɢȥӰдУ߹һСˮأżֻ㣬ȥģҶͷԸƿŽ㡣
ӣ½һӣҶûǺеøˣӣĪҪ³УΪ򲻻ˮʱٲҪ㣬ûӵҲգΪֻǲϣñ㣡
Ҷջתͷʪеľӣһֻ޳ֳ½ǣ壬ǲǾżĬһºȤѽ֮Сˮأأ
ȿȣӣϸƣһָָֻȥ
Ҷתһ磬õģĻǰˮĳӣոջм׷ڳصףһ̵޵׶
ʱǱӰУʬŸºƽš
Ҷһμ·һ׷ϵʬٿƮŵ»צӽסĳڣֱ߿ȥһģ
ͣͣճɽ֮ʱҩ®ǳúܵɷͷҩ®ǰʯˣԱС¯տˮڵġ
ʦǰʰ
ͷޱȺͰӦһü΢ƵĿ⳯ҶͶ
ǰҶϽҲôһ䣬ɷǵͷͦкøеġ
ţŮ޶ͷЦӯӯк
Ҷƨƨߵܹȥˣû߹˵ܣ޳һˣɵģָ㣬书µһ𻯳ɡڣЦֳú̷緶ߣ׵ˡ
ǰҪݲԶһһԿɺãвҶԱв˶óҪݲȵġ
ãͷ۰Цֿһ۶µ°ɣҩˮûպãԵƬ̡
Ҷרҵˮƽݺ˲裬͸Ĳ赹豭һɢ
Цˬʣз۶ᣬͷǡô
Ҷ΢Ц¿ŵĹɣһζĴ΢
ʱҩ®յſˣһĴԼʮкֻ߳йоصľϹʦ棬ҩˮտˣ
ۣһǶҶľȲѵտˣתͷĿ£ʮͬ˵壬¿ˮ̣㲻ѽ
üͷӣҵȻ
Ϊʦգͷҩ®ȥ
ҿֳۿ𣿡ҶҲվҪȥ
ɣŮ޶԰꣬ŰգͷЦӯӯ߽ҩ®
¶΢΢һЦĿԣǡ
һҹߣſĬĬؿŴյҩ®Ϳĳ硣
̼ǵãԺ˽ǼƵĵҩ㣬ʪķԵϣʶץ˵䣬ͷǿůĻУ˲䣬ĺ˿
һԼڶµı˯㣬ڵĳĵż΢΢һûа׵Įģܰӡ




111  ׹¼

Ҷſţ̲סָһǰ۲ѣƤе԰
һŪ»ӣĿƬ̣ĴָееëԹġ
ϷңҶһͷüۡ
šɳƵĵૣ۹⽥롣
ٺ٣ûϴŶҶȻЦ档
°ľ䣬Ժ˯ʱΪѰϴˡ
Ҷȵġһ˵ģ
ƵǰĴ꣬Ȼĵڴһ̾ˮˣȹˡ
һ˵ҶСʹüͷǴδƳʹ󣬴˺ÿ¶
ĪҪģΪҩˣ˵꣬ű
·ǼЩ£ӣȡһ׵ߣһ۶Ҷ˵ɣ
ˮƿ˽
ҶĿ룬˻Ǹһ˿۵ѽ
һҩζ˲翪ˮվߡ
ҩ󣬺úϢվͺˡ½ӹˮеҩİο
ҶĿһ׺ڵҩˮһ¶ȣȻԼߵݹ
ҶƿֱӴù룬˫Ŀҧͷһںȹ⡣
ˮ쿴͵Ц
¸Ͻ󱳣ĵЦӵ¿ѽ
Ҷ˿̾һһιңʹҲˡ
ΪҪȥһЩ飬ϻȻĴǡ
ŶȥȥɣҶڰ֣۾ڴϣʹм򣬸㲻ôҪڴϷˡ
ԹԵһϣתղŻ˲ޱ顣
һˮ
ǣˣˮͷ
ŲԶȥˮһϡߵߣĶҶСҶĸڿ˵һˡ
Ҷۣһ࣬ȴƫƫЦҲĸɣһ档
һ˵ˮʱͨ죬ŶҶʲô㣡˵ôģ
ǣƾоŮġ
СҶô˵ģ
ҵΡҶˮգգ۾ù࣬߳ԱߵͷЦ
Ϊʲôϲ㣿
ȥ
ˮЪһۣ֪Ҳʡ
ʵأԽˣԽǿҰǿľԽǻȣԸΣȡĳɳͱҰɣǶֳ²㣬ˣоعֳִ嶯С͵ã˲ٻˣǲҶתӣʱˮ
ˮͷ룬֪֮ͦġ
ΪʲôأΪʲôأҶ࣬Լش𣬡Ϊںƽһе̰ǮһϲYYԴ
ˮһͷˮȻʵ᣿ʲô
Ҷѿ˵ݸˮǵգҡͷԵֻζԴ
СҶ˵ǰϲɣˣֻƣĮƽռ棬üŵͷã㣡ˮһ޹⣬üĳòӡ
ѽҷŲ˵ˣԽĮľԽǿҰɣһһݱƻģν׷ŮɽŮ׷иɴٽȡѱɽģ˵ܳɿҰк
ˮǹŹ֣ŵСҶͻȻĿҰ
Ҷ΢쵹ͷ˯ˮ⻰ǿѽ
ˮԹ̾˿겻ĶϷš
ҶһǷˣԺﴫһЩתӻӷ䣬ϻȥԼԼɼһӰ½ĥġ˻˻һᣬһ·绪߳硣
Ͻһգװ˯
ºûأ¹һ塯жϡҶ۳ȥʣȻԺϵȴӯ⣬ŵİ׹⣬䲻ҫۣĹʵҲ൱µġ
Ҷ˯һѲøʹֵָŵϷĶ˵壬͸ҵ𣿺Ǽɫȹʵİ
ƺȻúܣվڹһδʹζ
ҶֻŴߣơ
Σ²Ķֻ̧ͷֱӶҶЩ֮ɫⲻǸģ
Ҷͷ͵Ʈһɺܲζɬ⿴Сɾ£ָŮ֮͵͵޲ţĪ飿ߣԭǷŲ¡
˰ԲѿöҶһɻҩζ룬һ¯ա
ϴգԹžҪ̽ˡί˵ţһǰºͣƷŴδйκβĲ
ҶջúܣôҲδԼΪӣŶûҪˣԺ˻飬ôӰ
Ҷ𴲺ԴȷĶԿ룭ս
۶¶˵ʲôǵġšһƤ̧ɫʵί
˴γоǰһ֮⣬صĶǺԱʮ˴ΣɣǰвУ
ҶȻ¹һģ˵ĳ豸ȫë̺һСڲ֮ġ
óһ飬ߺȲ߽ζ鱾δ仰
ǶҶ಻סе飬ʢ˵˵ˣ˾֮㾮ˮˮأ
ɫδ䣬ظĻأ
ûҶ졣
һᣬҶǰһµ̯һӯӯĶ׹ɫȹӵһޡ
ҲҪתͷߡ
ǸδأǧذתЩζȻ




112  

ùӵĶˣúף͵˻δŵӣ浱޷԰ΣԲҲȻܣޣ
׹һַľʯɺƳɣʮǰΪһЦǧﱼؽ˲ƷµˮʯԴֺ࣬Ѱϡ֮ɺ
ľʯϣĶرȤ¿еľʯĪʯ
ţ½һöڲƷӺδѰͲö֪ˡ
׹ô䵽У
½׹Сϣȡ˲ǳһڣͻȻɫѶҶµϸߡ
Ҷ䣬쳤Ķ¿ȥ
¿Цı飬ϾİʹյߣȵϢ˵ϸ۵ĺ󾱣󣬼ͷˣ̵ĵӣΪúܣΪࡣ
ȥҶ붼ûջǰӣá
̾˿һĺ׷ɱһһصĽ˽ֵ֮ѽȻҲͰˡ
Ҷһ˵ͱ䣬¾Ͳߣ˵ͻСѾͷΪȰĦ
ͷЦն˷ζԺӡ
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ôѵͲۣǲŮ˻ġ
ٷϻ˵Ҷ̧Ƶ½Ĩ졣
üͷӡſˮݺ۵ۣƳһ۶ҶַŻǶԶ׹֮ϣƵҪӻҷ˵𣬴ŻǾ⣬ò˫
ǻģү۰мӡϣʺգ˾һֲֹүѰҽȴΣۿŰսүģҲһ𡣻˿ѣԼղ࣬뻨үʵӣү˸⡣
⣿׹𣿡
µͷӵǿʹ࣬ƭ˵ԼҪˮʯ
ɺȻɵκͶ׹ĿˮʯɺǺ֮ɺ
ǿ󡣻үΪɰ޵Ը߱ĺգѰˣ
ŪˣүŲƷ˸߲ҵĻؼʱ˾
˰ࡣ
Ҷˣ̾Ǻοأһ涼š
ү֪ȥǸγϣѣججĹ˼գһҹ˻˵ķĹƹײģΪ޴κͶ׹
Żңʬ˰£˰ܿ𣿡Ҷʡ
˼ĿһۣЦţʬδãȻǹˡ
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ӻ𣿡
պϰɣҶܱȲĺãݲ࣬վǲһġ
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ֻҪٵѺ¡
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
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Ҷϸ׽£˿صı飬̽ʵ˵ǶڵĹɣ
ϣҶŶ£Σŵͷǿ˶һͨ





113  

ͷʹҶ׹ضڰѸϵƵƲ͵Ҵû׹ծڵأĸծˡ
ȡһյĲ豭׹Уգ۹򣬶Ҷûһֻ׹ѻΪɫķĩ
ѽϧѽҶʣµһֻ׹С£ȡ󣬶üǮ
껨ү˻˵Ĺ׺󣬱Ҳ᲻뿪벽ڻ˵ĹرϽһСݣţٵʮһҹùҶĶ׹ԥİ˷ĩһҹүأ˵ĹƣĽ鱦׶ɣҲ
ҲҶɴۣǱа񰡡
Ҳۡ۹Ŀһۣԣӿɼסˣ䡯ζܴ䡯˽ΪֹֻΣδ˼޹ɵȴǷ񹲷ߵٴĴΣôǶˡ
ղŻҴаŮˣΣôð˵ʬ㲻˵ˣүصģĪҪЩ߰ҰͷϡҶǲƾʲô֤޾ݵġ
š䡯ǲǣȡأү䡯£Ӵ򿪹ľȡ֮󣬶һĹ˼ֵǵƷ컨˵ɫĹ֮£·֮󣬻˴Ѱףպ߸ӯĵĹʬȴȻң⡣»˻ɫº͵ŴľĶҶղֻΪ̽ˣٲ޵һΪ˾Сı˻ɱ֮
û䡯ô֪үڴ֮£ôԩأƾƬ֮ʰˣʮļûаڴµϢ
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Ҷ룬ʮǷ޼֮ȥһصĶһˡ
Цֻʮõһɱֵõȴǡ֮ǣʮҪһɱȥɱȥˣʮȴš
Ҷ֣ʮҲˣǸôĵǲ֪ˡ
մƳǰҰǶ׹㡣һ֪˵ı鿴
ҶȻġһ޼ȥɱʮԭڴƳôʮҪ͵Ķ׹֪ˣı޼ҲǱģǵãӱ󣬲Űѡ䡯״ʮǱ޼֪ˣԲɱڣһʯ׹ΪնƵϣ֪ʮﱻɱưոݣ׹Ϊ֤ҶΪҪĿ꣬һ޼ϻϽͣѺ깫¶޷Сһ˵꣬Сĵážž졣
⵹Ȼ깫ԩ黹ʲôˡֻΪһһ˵ʱ򲢲ǰҪ۹תͣϢСɵĶϡ
µԽԽɢҶЩűԼĶ䣬ĿĿ
þĵӲʺҡҡڰڵĶ׹˵գ΢յҶߣˮķɫ׹ȡ
ҶŶһæתԭĻ⣬깫Ҫǹѽ
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ʱɣƿ˳ɫȻҲûʲô仯һƽ壬ˡ
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115  ׷ݸ

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116  ֮ǰ

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ǻϣϵҲҶͷϵñժ¶ںڵ㷢
޼䲻ȵĵһЦĿתƵһԵĶϡ
޵Ĵؤ֮޻Ϊϴָ¼ҵ̺ţֻ޼˹ӣ촽һ˿ĪЦ
лվһۣĹ¡





117  

Ҷˣ߷߲ƽʶƲƲ죬ڹŴҪ¹ڣһĹŴˣǳϵļҲĥˣƩոգ޼ʱ䲻ԸҲǹˡ
¼ҵһָ˰лϵƵץʱ޼δ˵ĻȥһҲնЩζ
޼վԵķһ¶£΢Цգ
ȥȥľαöҶ£ʹ˸ɫķζҲ١
ѹʹڽҲִﾩˣǰڷ괺Ҳɡ޼ѻһתתװҶǰһվ
ҶصĴԲ޼ͻȻޱȵһ飬һʱᣬ²˵أһᣬͨ죬ԭװ̫࣬סˣ壡
ʲôûŮ𣿡Ҷ죬ûһ޼Ȼֶһǰ۸£壬ӵǲ
Ƶ룬Ҳǲǰ·
޼繴ŴЦǷ⣬׻Ůͬаģⲻ۾ľ䣬ߵҶǰͱŶҶϰʹž
һ˫ֻҶĲΰأ֪ովͲӲǼˡ
ҪգҶˮųˣæǽŶҶӵֱֻۡ
ն»鲻ԸĿ֮ްŰѴŵó
˿ŶҶӺ󣬸æְްףһúܡ
֮ǰ¸׼磬һ¶ʱСı˴룬˳ҶӲȥ޻̣һ޻òµĲ÷찴Ҫִֺ·Ȼۣůͣµ˺Ļջȥ˵ֺþûˣǲ뱧Ǳ
СҶһ·Ͼģ޼Ȥţ˫ͣŮ˶а취á
ɣްĶҶ§סµ޼治ȻǿȡӢؤ˵ùʵԸùͷ˵
СҶ¹ӵɲŮò޼üͷﲻ಻мּڽ
ɲŵģŮòˣҪ˵죬Ҳûϵǲġ˭ĳЦҲں
±ƨɣް̫񣬴Ҳû޼ĳû
ˣ޼̾˿ʲô¾ܷԸͷ̫࣬޻Ҫһ·ҲۣЪŰɣѻָһĸ߸ϣڰ䣬ǵȥˡ
Ҷ޼ɫӰʧҲ̾˿ЩԶ
ȻĶҶļ
㻹ҪӪ¼ҵ𣿡Ҷγ֪޼Сžţο¼ҵ鲼˵ڱס
µһЦͷѴӦӹˣҴ׺ȥһСԺ
еģҶ۾źܴҲźܴһ磬Ǽһ͵Цԭûƭ»Ĵ±ϵӡ
ôˣ¹ĵʣʵвСӵʮа˾ǲԸˡ
㻹жǮҶſھʣһСسж󣬶۵е񲻸Ǽοʲôˣ̯߰
ӣӰ˶࣬ԺöҲѲ٣Ϊûӣټ϶Ҹ𲽣ҲҪӣǻóȫ˴磬ԡǲû˵ȥ
Ҷᵹ򶨣ûдСˣĥ䵽һȣȻתͷûоûаɣнֲǮҪȡ֮еԺҲ͵ˣҪ˻»ؤɣΪǮǲˮһյġ
һöµ˹Ŀ࿴ֻ۾ݵǻƬ̣Ҳɫһ϶Ǿˡ
ʱ˪Ҳִ˷޼еѹʹ˵ľ
Ǹӣѣִһ·ЦգϹҵԲ£Ĺ֪ģ¹ȴġ
˪þòҶֿȴкԸȽϳȣǰѷſˣϻװӡ룬ΪڹŴʲôŮڲõȥѼӵˣڣ֣ȴ
ţҶú𣿡˪΢ЦӦһ΢ЦȻ˭ܵ塣
ҶüͷȻ˵˪㲻뿴ҵ𣿡˵˪۾ǿεģֻһֱŲ
˪Ų΢΢һɫĳ޷£һ˿ҶһοĽëҲ˵Ư
ҶҪµĻ˪ϡ
ҶǸɰŮӣÿҲ֪˪ȻЦš
Ҷһ۶£⼸ǽԼӡô˪һ͸Ŀˣ
֪ˣ˪һڵһֵԼۿŮӣҶûپ¶ԼĳƺΪ˪뵽ɡ
ϵͬʱϰȻһʱеΡ
ڣˡ죬ƽССɡ
һ¾ˣԭȶҶһ̣Լ
ϴˣ
㲻ûкúչǣʵǺܶԲ𣡡ˡ
뱧ͷʹģڶҶް޵
ϴǱˣСɺСҲ۽ǡ
ѽ㿴ϴްŪʪˣ߹ȥģ۽Ҳʪˡ
Ҷ΢۾֪ѾͷٿȥҲޣһֱԸ񶼱Ƚ
ϲƽ˱뿪ˡ
ϴ󣬸һϲ°Сģ۾ŶҶ
ţҶҲɫһ
˭֪ȴˣСɣͣ𣿡
绹˵ѵҪ͵͵˲ϴ𣿡ɤڶҲû£õñǻº֢
˼һϴ˵˭㵱ô˵˵ˣ
ײǵúö֪ѵ˽Զ͵͵Ĳ֪
һ䣬ҪˣСƤȻͳ꣬Ȼδģèܼ棬ͳ
ͣٳƬˣҶڷǸ˭
СɺСЦ
ͨ죬ҧŴҡŶҶġִ󡯵ֱۣţϴʲô
ƽͷЦ㿪Ҷ񣬿糺졣
Ҷ΢䣬һƽȻˣƽҲһöӢС书ҲߣҲˣչ˰ϸľ֪ˡ
ֲҶĿ⣬ƽ̧ͷһĨ˼Ц
ǺӣߵãҶʶԼĺƤЦҪϴƸ𣿡
ƽ˼ᶭҶϵͷ絷⡣
Ҷ°ͣƽһš
Ƕ̫Сˣ鲻õģٵɣ
ϴ󣡡ƽͬʱгȻͬʱͷ񵽲ӵ͡
СɺСϽͣСɻһ䣬Ǽް
ߵŭԹйڶСϣ׷Ūһ˺Цϡ
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Ҵǰһõݱ޷սɱҹս޼õҹ
ݶҶ֪޼˴δɵλˣӢһλֱǳ֮Ů󽫾ıá
˭Ҷ֪󽫾֪ģӳ죬ɽׯׯ˴󽫾ؤֹ˳壬޼νǷޱˣܰѽ볯͢ΪһĹǰʷǿ¼Ԫˡ
ҶԺ￴Źͺͺ⣬߹֣ӣŮ·Ͻϰɣ
ǵģӢĴϲ֮գҲλ͵ĴᣬӢؤͷ⹬ƺĻʹԺӦûùЩɣ˽ʹ죬˵Ӣһսϲм޼˼һ̣޼ѪȽȽģǾˡ





118  °

ҹŵĻʹУ硣
Ҷ˿İɫȹӣ磬ů¯ˣżһ󺮷Ϯǻ㵽
ⳡƺƴʢ磬̾ӣ壬꽻ӣʱʱĳһǻʼʢ磬ˡ
ٵظڽĴֱżзһſٲЩ㲻Ĵ뷼ıŶһʱʧ̬ȻҸĸһ
βμӴݻʢᣬἤǣ཭ʿڳһһէεֺƭİƸ˶Ҷ
СҶ㿴ЩǧС͵͵ǡָߵλ˧硣
û£ֻܿܶȥɣǡҶ鲻ǺܺãӢ̫ίˡһξȢһҪ⣬ԴҪըˡ
һߵĹ£ǳеһƷ󳼡
ϰŸʽµĵģʵˮζŨƣһߵǶҶͶ£˪Ԫͬ
ԪҶʱȥ˵ǹɼҵĳ˵İҲκɫʣǸӣһһЦʮ㣬һŽͼ׳ۣſݣżԹҶ֮ʱüһ¡
СҶμӹô𣿡չ붭ҶͷӶ
ҲǵһأҶů¯Եġ
ҶֶŮ
ĽƵƵֹŵˣɺֲ֨Ҷ
ùã壡ڼˣҶȻǷů¯վɱһš
ҶùǵˡŶҶ۽ֶ˼¶УЩ˸ӣۼҰҶĥݺ
ѽҶͰˡǸʮݵˣеŤԿСͷ
壬˼ҿôô𣿡Ҷ˵ôļ
ɲǣͰֱһģӿ̳ѹ˵һ˲һţ廹һСͱ˷ӹȥ˵СֶŮ˵øպþǰҶأԵʮ˷ܣƶųĹ⡣
ȥȥǼҶҪǳļ˰־ͳסɵĶ䣬ҧš
˵ˣ˶ʱģʳԣӡɵӷ
ˣùã壬˿Цˣǻʼʢ磬Ӱ첻áҶ֡
붭Ҷ˵˼˵ҪȥæˣԼټ
СҶùúͰȤһԿúǹ񫣬һߣŶҶʡ
ȤͷݣǷˡߺոߵʱ򻹸۵С۵ġ
Ҷʼ磬ûɧ
ٿأŵĹһ󰲾һϸǵĴ󺰣ϼݵλݵ
¹꣬ǧꡣ
ҶҲŹȺУǲɽ¶ˮıԼ˽ǳʱʱ͵һ䣬ҲֻǿȻüëδ
޼˵ʲôҶҲû˼վҲ˼ҾٱҲٱʼҵĻһڷϻضֻ࣬ǶǺɫͷµӢ۲һһҲû취ģֻҪһ뵽޼һȢҳӵĳ嶯
ͻȻ˵۹ⶼۼԻʱѼ޼Ӣ߹
϶ˣӽԺҲ޵ˣһˮԱ⣬Цɡ޼棬һĻ۳ĵˣǿոӵĳѣǸ߸ϵöҶ
ҶҲҷӣùŮϵˮƣһ¶ǣлϴ;ƣףϺúϣӡ
Ӣ΢ҧӯӯĬĬĿŶҶ
ֻһᣬ޼Ӣصˡ
Ҷ̾ͺˣס֣Խ˽
ҶֻһĹƣǰжʱþƸľճҺɫͷȴȻѡ
֪˶ãֵ֮ϳˣػ˹Ĺ㳡ϣ̹ǡ
ؤֶĴѾۼһãƺƵվķӣǧˣӢѻһص·Ավ죬ˡ
壬㿴͹ô࣬µһﰡ᲻áҶһʹ䣬վǰ
μؤڵҲȸղ뻽ꡯʱѷɫѹ޼ҪΪˡ
ҺðҶӻ֡
ã
ˣ
Ϊ񡣡
Ҷ¸ӵ᲻ˣЩ˼Ǿ̳ģںŶôζ
ԪߵҶߣ㿪ʼɣ
ӭһ紵Χһѿֵˣ˵Ǽ֤ʵǿЦġҶѪҲˣ綪һߣǰһȻչ۲죬Ӣţеʶϼѣ岻ã˼ʧˣؤڵӲŲʣʵؤںˣÿÿ˼ˣͼǵע£ʽλӢλӴԺǶҰˣҶ³Ϳˣллңƻӭ°
Ҷͷƣؤڵ˺һᣬӦʱҲϡϡĸŹˡ
һúɫĲĹ״ĶҶӹڲ£¶̿Ƶ
ǱڵĶؤ򹷰ˣǿɿϸˣҰ֮ڣ԰ʲôģ򹷰ǶƵģ޶ң˭ҷƣŶ³һδһΣ׼˵Ҳű
Ҷ˵꣬ѡݸǰӢӢؤͽˣôãҲˮۣɸ۵ĵҩڲУͣ򷣣ɹزɷԲȻˣ֮ԣǸӦ֪ô
ҶⷬΧ۵˳˼Укüϳ˼֮ɫ
ӢԴǵķһ£λ֮Ҳˡ
˻صУݺ裬໶
ҶǷ˵صѹҪһؤнյƣҲҶз˪ж˷֮壬ϲӵϧովµҳһš
˪ˣҶе㲻˼ʵǶҴһͨƺǧйĻĴǾ裬˵ŲõģҲʷġ
ҶιбĿ𣿡˪ʶ붭ҶͬѶһߡ
ҶҲûЩζӣ˪̸𾢡
һ˵һ仰ңιƽ¡еҲǺܶ˪ôܲ͸ġ߿ǿӵĵҲ
˪ظ˶Ҷ˵Ǿ仰üΪ˼΢š
ʢĹһֱִ°ҹҶſ˯ˣ˪ι⣬·ҽӹ٣뼰ˣΪ˪ϧ˹٣ֱǻһ
°ڴϣܳں״Ƥţ
Ҷˣ΢΢˼£µ°ͣЦΪ㲣
Ƥû̧һ΢˱ɵϣһգٲ
Ҷϵ·ζܹ֣ŨŨľζŵīˮĲǱɲķ񰡡
ҹ񻶵̫괺˶û𴲣Ҷů¯վڳ£Ǹ¿ʼǰҲ˭˭ŮٲκεıƣƽƽĹ°뱲ˣʶʱصҲɢˣҲһƽˣûʲô˵ݣҲûܸɳʲôҵĴ£ÿֵġ





119  

֪վ˶ãе㷢ʱתҪȥϢȴײһֱվ˪
˪簡Ҷ˪΢ЦͬͻͬĻá
˪ȴ˵Ҷϲ
ϲҶĪϲ
СҶϲϲҲˣһ˵žͳҶɱ
ʲô֪ģĪҹʢг齱ͷˣǰڵĹ˾׳ҹʱܰŪ齱ģԱֶ齱࣬ൽ˭˭ýƷѵŴ˵ʱ˳齱⣿
ʲôģͿˣ첻Ĵϲ𣿡е׼ˣҶȴһ֪ӡ
ϴҶûת䡣
ѽǵģȵԼ˵壬ܻط˺ӳ
˪Ѳ֪δȥˣ֮ҶתͲˡ
ݸһǶϤּīˮЩ΢ʪûдãǣҪ޸ˡ
ô֪
룬Ȼŵ˯ź§Źӵֱ۲ţһ£ûŹӰ㱧ˡɫܲÿЩһһĺȸͣǸ˵ˮúܿʺܺÿأ
ţа塮塯ǰ˵ҲûʲôѵԺҪҡҶûɩأҶΪƽ°ˡ
ô죿һֱģ΢΢Ȼ
ˣĿڡҶƲҶʦȥˡ˾ȻҹдѹһĶŸèۡ
ƿţڴϣľˡ
˯ˡҶҡ
˭֪ת˸󱳶˯
ҶЮϵ⣬˺һ󣬶²ŰӣǱҶҳһˣ΢ϵ·ɿ䵽ֱϣ¶ϸʵ
ΪмƾͿɻȥȻҹдǿȢᣬ̫ûˡҶؿڣһڴϲˡ
Ҷ֣Ǳģ֮ǰܵ˻ûȫָбӿɬΪǺúߴ
ӣҲԼˣһǲ԰ɫֻ˼ǲҲ̬ǧ
޼磬Ҷһ˴ӻʹص˶ҡ
ѱָֻ˵ķ⣬ͨͨҶѾҲлˡ
ºһֱỴ̂Ҳڶҵġ
Ҷ˽Σӱһ§ᣬʵĽиͣ
֪ģҹأҶſ޸ͣε˵ʵҹȷʵ
ҶĻͦЧ첻ˣֻǻš
ˣˣеñȣȱ޺ˮࡣҶӣ´һ£ѾͷԽԽŮζˣͦá
Ҷ߽ҵʱ򣬻һŵƽʣϲִ̻ۣ˽ǡ
壬Ϣߵ죡ҶȻԹţ뵽Լӣ˿˿ƵȡԭĲ
ǣЦǸɪ¿п಻¿ɲеڶΡ
ҶеæˣΧתͣҲ߶û꣬һߴȤǲ֪ߵ˵׵ʱ飬˼Ҷ˵Ůһ̨ϷⶼôŮˣܲ
ŰģҶͱˣ˸ֲͬױֻǲ泯ŵףŮһ¾ֻҪʩͿˡ
˷ϼü˵֬ҶͭģҲ֪ʲôݣòãôȷһֱûúÿԼݣ
һ׶ҪҳģǶҶĸˣҲûңԾͰҹסջˡ
¶ǾõĿջȻҲûί뵽ʱ򣬶ҶһǧԵһǣĸо
Ҷժصķڣҹ䣬ֽŶľˣڴϣůˣҲͿʼ˸ˣ΢ۣҪأְ֪ڸʲôǲ˯ԤеЩʲôҲͰ̸ְԼҲһôԵˣֿ˰ɣ
ӼҶۿӯӯʣҲûԭǹ¶Ȼ׶Ҷ飬£˭ϣߡ
۵˯ˣֻӺɫЩȻĶҶ
ú󣬹һһˣ콥ǶҶȴ˯ˡ
ϲżɤŶѶҶоѣһ󣬲Լϲӡ
˵ӣˣľҪſˣ˼ʱɾˡϲĴŤ־ģҶǷɬ
ӼҴҵΪҶϲϷڣױЩϽϴģҶγǰȥ
ã±߾ʹϲϲǸֽһƻڶҶȻºͷ
Ҷƻоǵζˣ˸ԼԵˣŴŮӻ޵죬һֱҪϲһģȻȥǵĶͷĿѣģ뵽ҪӱԵʱѱŵ˿ջſˣǱڻʱıĵ£䶼Ҫˡ
뿴µӣӳʱ𣬾û˰ɫ·˵ŵҪı䣬ҲûǿһϲͮͮģϵŮӦǺ۵ıأ
һɫϲһ෴紩ʱƮȻɣҲֻѷɫһЩԭһӣһһ棬Χ۵Ⱥʱʱ
ӣϽˣתǴɽʹȪҶóĿ֣ĸзģС
ҶͷֱȻ¶еͣȴȻĵҪڽúһů¯
̧ȷʵζҲ󣬲һ㵽ˡ
˽ţżϲߴ˵żͻȻģҶ·ԭҪ裬費ǵԼѵķ˳룿
±ûٷԼˣ߹һһȣһȺˣСӴɵ
þðҶ̲ס̾
ĺˡ
Ȼþ͵ˣ°ӷ˴á
ǰˣķأҲˣ˶ȴҪӦЩˡ
ҶڶＫԾԱ˾ɴ˯
ױŪ˰ӽסԹ
µģֲûңô˼ɰ
ŵȹӺõɣӻ
Ҷ֣ԺҲˡѹɹ
Ժҧֽ꣬ҲݵĶ⶯ǣϮůůıѣҶҧһ߹ȥƫģҪ˲ʱԵķ˵Ķͣˣڰˣ˿ܹ塣
ҶԼôֻŶǶӱƣϴ룬ڵͫʴĳԹ
ҶȻһʮ־Ļ·ÿȴûƮɵĸоˡ
ӣôԷշҲ͸ŵĲȴûз
ˣ׵ĺˣҶһ
ɽˮĽüһЦӹȻҲ˵գ»˰ɫĳۣ˿ȥ˳۶ˡ
ӣˣºıӣչ·
ԼҶȻỹҪȥأĶȻѹеף
˲裬һڵĳ緹еССүһһֵģܲ˰СһﳤƯ۵ķϴҲû
ºϲɨ˵£ЦģƿƵģӲǰѼ׵һһ㶵ġ
һڷʱƤ˵һ䷿ӣߡ
㶣Ȼˤӣ֣
ССүʼޣܸϽ
վ˵ҺҶչ˺ס
һᣬȻҶͶȵĿ⣬֪Լضӵģ£ûҡ
СһﶼſˣҶ˵һ䣬ʵǶҲģ׺ôҲңȴСģ̶ģȴ壬̫ѹˡ
ϯ䣬ԪƬδֻʱµѡա
ܿҶʱ˲ᡣ
ɢҲû⣬Сʰ˶ڽյķ˰춼ûҶ˵һЩ𻰣Խ˵Խˡ
ǶԪ΢ЦóһӸҶǲףƽѧɡ
ҶŶԪɷһۣе㻳ӣͷĵлл硣
󣬶׳ˣ׿޵涣Ŷ¡
Ҷ̾׶˴뱲ӵˣզô벻أΨжȣ粻Ϊ
ȥһ˵ĻʱҶ׸Цˡֻ˵һȻһС״öãͺá
ЩʧɫѶҶЦ
˪УŶҶ˵¡
ˣؾ¹ɣֵģչ˲ܡȥзչţúܶࡣҶƵԡ
磬ҪˡҶЦҵ˵ţ羪ı䵽
죬ССƽв˰УȴδµӰӣҶ¾֣ʵģҶæŸ˵Ļļ۸񲻷Ƶһʱ䵹ǳˣһӢţû˵ʲôֻǽչԼʲôҪ
֪ΪΣܾ˪ЩįüĵĳԽԽҶ̾һ£˵Ժȥѹ
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