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001 ĪĴԽ1

裡裡Ҫң衭Ҷ诶Ž۾裬Ҳ̲סΪʲô죬ΪʲôộΨһҲߣѾû¶ȵϣȭͷĴŴ
ֱԼȻޣж겻ᣬΪԼѾûˮһǰְֵ뿪ɣıӰ裬Ҷ诶зģԺܿ࣬ˡǿŮ˵ˮֻ֤Լų
ǣʮҶ诶㿪ʼ˼ĳɳ֮·Ϊѧѣѧ֮ȥһСϴ룬Сֱϴˮݵͨ췢ţڶ죬ʹ̣ǣûпޣÿ쿴ϴ棬˼Ѿĵְ֣ûпޣֱСûҪҰѾͷҲûпޡ
񣬵ǸССľǿСѾͷѳͤͤΪɼ켸ʮһʱоĿγ̡ҵ֮ƾԼƴŬ̶ʱ䣬һµĿȵƷơڣ̽𽥱߶Ⱥע⵽Ŀȵ꣬ѾпʮֵꡣʮȴǿʯûˣûѣѼһʮĹһŮǿˡ
ڣֻΨһˣȴ衣˵ĺֶ˼֣ԴĸŮҲĸסľ飬ôÿѻջθ֪ͱȥ
ĵĴĺ£Ҷ诶ľżһڴһϲȺɽӳ̲ùĹӦûϲɣȻĹعľˡ
诶ҪĸѾˣ⸱ģ۵ģױ۵ĿݵӴ˿ֻʣһ˫ݵĴ۾ģôѹ
诶Ѿ㰾һЩС࣬һ㣬𣿡ױҶ诶ߣѻ߸µԵЩ׾
Ҷ诶ɲ˵ԼŬԼƴΪʲô費ˣԼŻȻԭһֱǸ˲裬Լû裬ԼȻ˵Ĺ¶ͺ¡
诶㲻ҪòãױָӣеĿֱֱ
Ҷ诶뿪ڣȴ֪ö˵ЩʲôСԼΨһѡΪůʴԼӲ˽ԼȻɰϸĵŮжΪֹѾѡ
ױϧİҶ诶ӵڻ诶ǵҵһμ㣬ĸ߰ĮȻĳΪѧУУǣӴԽãԽǿһŶôô˵ġ诶ΪʲôҪԼôࣿΪʲôԼߺ棿ܣ֪ҷֵʹ࣬𣿡
Ҷ诶һſŹ£һ顣
û裡費ҪˣĿڰױϣᡣ
诶诶ԣ诶ҰһԶ㣡ױıңҶﻹһС㲻˵Ҫĸ𣿡
Ҷ诶̧ӣױ¡ĶӣǸһЦԲҶȥϢɣùˡ
ױǰĺѣһϹЦ۾ȴᣬ⣬ôĵ£
诶Ӧңһ㣬𣿡Ȼֹһκ̸⣬Ҳαܾڵ˵ġ
ˣҶ诶¶һ˿ģ𣿡
ױָԼĶӣԼɷһ˿ۣҸô˵ϻаġ
飿ҲɣҲţ
诶ôϲСӣܾԼһӰÿһпգԼȥԺЩСˣóжôϲӡױȰ˵룬иԼĺӣǶô飡
иԼĺӣǺܺãҶ诶̧ͷԼðױۣƿ壬ǣҲúһһİְ֡
诶ױסļ磬ôôִأûаְ֣ĺӴӺζױˣӺ֣ԺΪնϹϽ诶һˡ
ûˣͲ𣿡Ҷ诶һü˵ԹӤ𣿡
诶㣡ױһ㲻롭
ǣҶ诶Цһ£Ҳϣǳһӿ⣬ֻҪԸ⣬ϾͿһԼĺӣңԶ֪⺢ӵĸ˭
诶㲻Ҫɵ£ױЩôأҲͬ⣡
Ҷ诶ס֣㣬и𣿻뿴һ˹¶ϣ
诶ױˮ£Լǿִֿѣֻ֪Ҫ£ġ
ҶܣϸǵӪҵĿׯСüİļݸҶ诶ȻóݵĿе˾ż
ãҶ诶ָֻ֮ǰĸ񣬡ڴڵ⣬뾡翪Сü㰲һ¡
ǡСüͷתȥ
ȵȣҶ诶ϵСüܿתҶ诶Ҷܣʲô𣿡
ҵԼȡЩ˽Ҫ죡˼Ƭ̣Ҷ诶ڿڡ
ǡЩɻСüӦȥ
Ҷ诶Щʹ̫ѨԼҪһºӵ⡣
裬𣿡ϵƬЦţ۾һεʪ
ҶС㣬ľӶһЩɹӢʿԸ׵ģҪԹӤӵɷģ֤ıִֿɰȻǮʹĥƹҶ诶͸¶ҪӿʮƿǱԺɳǢҶ诶һιۣľΪ˵
ֻҪǽģνҶ诶Щ˵һҪʲô𣿡
ֻҪ֮ǰǩһЭͺˡֺܽõҶ诶ܲ
ã׼ˣ֪ͨңҶ诶仰תȥ
ǣҶС㣬һΪѡӣ
仰Ҷ诶ЦӣƺУ
ʻں·ϣһԼôڴиԼıˣԼܸһõ
ᣬһģôҪˣҶ诶߿ԱߵİԼҲ̫˰ɣɰӤξȻ̲ס˼סֻǣΪʲôǼҵƷȻаԼòɡ
ĳЦԼһȥڴ⣬ͻȻһϤӰ
·ֱӿŵһ͵ĺгԭʼɳ̲ͺ˻ſϦɳ̲Ϸһģ⵭ĺмǡ
ڣ͸Ҷ诶㿴һǵԵˡ֮ܲܳΪ˻һΪҶ诶һ۾ͿǸˣڿ׷ԼҴү
ֻΪδǹϽ飬Ҷ诶֪ܾ˶˵׷Ҳλʱү֮ǰҶ诶ûʲôоϲҲᡣֻΪ˸һˬĸоһЩͷĸҹһҲһ
ڣź̲ȻѷֵˣҶ诶ͻȻоһθġ֡ԼعϼӴǰ۶ȥ
˹Ȼûһöα˶ģҶ诶һζʧǣһүĲᣬźߵķ磬ɵ˾⡣
̶֡ͻȻҶ诶۾ۿԼĳԽƣʻĳԽԽԽԽءһ֮Ҷ诶ʧȥ֪





002 ĪĴԽ2

ʹҶ诶۾˦˦ͷſǰ
죬Լʲô
Ҷ诶һӦǱ۾ΣһΣ
ȻٻǰȻǸ档
׷ʲô£ǵԼʻں·ϣȻ󿴵ˣȻ..
ײˣҶ诶üļǵԼȷײˣֻǣΪʲôԼĳǰվ߸װˣҸΪ׵ǣ߸˶棬Ȼһֻߴͣצݵġϻ
Ҷ诶һӦǣϷŵϻ˳⼸ŹװӦԱͬʱҲϷŵѱʦϻȥ
һ̣Ҷ诶ȻԼֻǣԼôģңİ·Ϊʲô͵Ĳݵأ
УЩѱʦﲻӦǹ֮ĶΪʲôﶼǿ͹
һѣҡ³ιûдǹ𣿡
ЩͷϾ¶֮ɫ
ʲôʱȻôһȻֵĴӾʲô澹ȻһŮˣңһ¶ӣ¶ֱ۵·Щ˷׵Ůˣ
Ҷ诶򿪳
һҪǼȫһ޵ĿҶ诶Ͽ£ͣ޳ϡ
Ҷ诶䲻Ϊ˾ȣҲоǿԼĿ˵ɫﲻ
תϳ뿪ǻںϻţ㲻þͻ漴򿪰óԼǰСɵǹ׼ϻ⶯һСС׼ȷķǰ֮
ϴѧʱԼ;⵽һЩɧţû뵽ڳΪŮϰԺЩɧŷ޼Ҷ诶ĶԸһ̧ȹȥԷʮа˾ϵڵϡҪ֪Ϊ˱ҲΪ˱ԼȭѾ˺ڴ𡣵ױ˵һҲţʧŮӵݣǹһϽ
Ҷ诶ȴδԹԼȭܽһСֻǣû뵽ǹʱó
ϻ̫ӴҶ诶롣ֻϻʱûʲôӦȻȻͦӹȥ忪ʼҡΣҶ诶¶һĨ΢ЦǼˡ
ҪҶ诶̧ϻһĹ۲֮ʱһ΢Щϵ
Ҷ诶תͷȥһԼʮĺӣɣϾһĨ֮ɫ
ĸϷŵģΪʲôϻܳǲ֪Σ𣿡Դҵ֮ӵǧԱܣҶ诶ɢһȻȻϣ⼸ŮǰЩš
˵⻰ʲô˼Ȼ߿ڣӦ⼸˵쵼
Ҷ诶ϻѾ۾̱ڵءҶ诶ĵǰȥָỬƤëǵóιۿʨݣԼͶϻһĪϲɢ߷緶һеĸ߹Ŀ⣬Ҷ诶Ϊ֮ԣֻǣǰֻϻΪʲôоϷŵϻһأȥΪǿΪ磬֮硣
Ա⼸˼ֱǰһСһСŮӾȻôϻңԼСһ޵Դ
Ů񰡣Ů񣡡
ڶϻõеҶ诶ͻȻһתȥһǼ˾ˢˢĹڵϣͶصֹ
ǣǸʲôҶ诶۾ɻĿǡ
۾Ҷ诶ʶһСÿԼеɻ󣬸е£еЦʱ򣬶Ȼİ۾Լʵ뷨ĶһֱûаȫУΪ˱㿴ģΪԱԼ
Ů񰡣ŮǼ˲ɷڵϲﻹдʡ
ĪҶ诶ͷֻֿϻӣ˯һ㣬ȥЩţɰǺǡҶ诶ȻЦˣ֪˵ɰ֪᲻᲻ˣ˵̾һϧҲܰ㵱򣬾㻨ٶǮҲҪ
ιǼȥɡȻһˣͲٰˡҶ诶Ǽſڵϰ첻˴µȻһ֮ղֻſϻûаǳľٶϣһЩˣĪо񲡣
ι˵Ҷ诶ӣЩ¡
ãǸԴһЩ˹壬ȴǵͷŮŮ
Ů񣿡Ҷ诶ǵĻеЦЩĪǾ⣿ô˻ƣòãĸλģǻȥ
ȻЩ˲֪λʲô˼һ䡰ǻȥȴˣǸ˵Ůסڶ壬·
壿Ҷ诶üûط߽һЩǸ˵ļ򣬡λ壬òã
ȴ˵Щ˼ŮУҲᣬľºͻ˴룬̧ͷҶ诶ԼͷΨΨŵŵ
ϻǵİɣҶ诶ʡ
ŮϻѾüˣڰֻǣûпʼԣŮŮ񣬲֪Ǽ˭ڴˣлŮ˵⻰ͷֹ¡
Ҷ诶Ժˡ˵ʲôԣѵǲ֪ϻǹұΥİ
֪֪ѾΥ˷ɣҶ诶˵⻰ʱȻɢЩ˲ɵ־塣
ŮЩѾɸһ㣬
Ҷ诶ʱѾʧȥԣٻͷһϻȻЩˣתϳ
ɶ⵽Ҷ诶ʮȥȴȻһƬһ޼ʵĲԭɵýֻķֻȻûźš
ʱżôΣԼ˳ôİĵطЩ˿ڿԼŮ񡱣ֻϻһеһУôоôʵأ
Ҷ诶˼ڵǻȥǼɡ
ֻǣղǸطѾûˣֻϻҲӰ
Ҷ诶ղ˵ס⸽ĵطȥҿܰԼ߳Ƭԭ
Ҷ诶Ŷʻȥ˵Ƕ壬Ӧþڶɡ
ȻûãǰͳһС䣬ļݣð̡
쿿ЩݵʱҶ诶³󻶺
Ҷ诶һ˿ǣǳǰȥƾɵéݣǰȻʡ
ӳıȼԱһȺ˷ܵĴֵˡŮ˺ӣͨͨﹴżΧһȦȥ
Ҷ诶߹ȥιιĽ˰죬ûһ˵һ϶ͷ˼˽ȥ
һȥҪȾͿֻϻһľϣڻϵѾ˰߰ѪԱһһѿһվһԣĵ߸߾𣬺ʱпϻϡϻһһ̵Ŀˮཹཱུķˮ
ס֣Ҷ诶ԥͦվϻǰſ˫ۣһѰǸƿȻݺݵĵ
Χ˶סˣٻ裬۾ǰֵŮˡ
ŮŮ񣡡
ȺһҶ诶ûô£Χ˱㻩һƬ





003 ĪĴԽ3

ιǿҶ诶޴ĿЩˣ˵֮ǰļ˾⣬һ˶ɡп϶ʲôԼ֪ģǣ˭Լ׷ʲô£
Χһ¾ֻžľȼյ
㣬Ҷ诶ͻȻղǼԼ˵ͷ߹ȥļ硣
ŮʲôԸȻǲ̧ͷֵ˵
ҡá㡪𡪡Ҷ诶оԼѾ˵ĳ嶯һһĶͷ˵
Ů񡭡ͷ˵ŮҲҲŮĻսսվ
ңʲô£Ҷ诶˫ֱ磬ϵʡ
ŮףŮǲֻϻǶǶľˡ֪ǵŮ񣬻Ů񿪶ͷ˵µĺܣ˵ͦͷġ
˵һ飬ҲʲôŮ񡣡Ҷ诶һָֻϻҪʲô
ǣȻɱͷһֵı飬˵ΪʲôЦ⡣
ǣҪɱҶ诶ŵ۾ָָͷָָϻ
Ů񿪶һѾüûгԱˡζŮҶ˱һ͡˵⻰ͷֹ¡
Ҷ诶Щˡ
ӵȥֻϻԼԼǰϻΣǾΪԼŮҲ˵ĹȥֻǣԼĳΧĴׯ𣿾ȻüûгԱˣ
Ҷ诶˼Ƭ̣ӰóһƱǸͷЩǮȥԵģǣֻϻܳԡ
ͷòΡΡ˫ֽӹҶ诶ϵǮ˰죬Ÿ̧ͷҶ诶Ůʲô
ô𣿡Ҷ诶ִǮóпǰЩҲȥû룬Ӧùǳһʱˡֻϻ˰ɡ
ȴͷϵıɻֵĿﻨ̵һֽ⼸Ź⻬ķĿƬٴ̧ͷҶ诶Ůǡ
ѾеǮ㣬ô㻹ҪʲôҶ诶ЩˣΪʲôôӵһˣȻô̰᣿
ǮôͷڷԼʡ
ʲôҶ诶ԼĶ⣬ֵĿⲻǮңʲôǮ
ͷڻ˰죬ͳһͭ˫ֳʸҶ诶ŮõͭǮ
Ҷ诶ŵĽӹȷһöͭǮֱĥѾ塣һ͵Ҷ诶Դϣ⣬ʲôط
ʲôطҶ诶̧ͷܣƣׯݣЩ˵·ûʲôصĵطӦ壬·ҲûʲôֵİֻǣԼôģ
ŮǶ塣
֪Ƕ壬ʲôʡʲôУҶ诶ȻһֲõԤУȴ˵ﲻԡ
ʡУͷ·ûһ㣬⼸֡
ҵ˼˵Ǹûдĳ򣿡Ҷ诶ٴθ̾ط󣬲ûһʷ
ŶǶʮ·̡ͷˣæش
ǣûбĵطҶ诶û˵ʲôһҲУԣ֪ĳʲô
ͷЩ֣ŮΪʲôʲô֪Լʵش𣬡Ů֪ĳǺ¹Ķǣ³ǡûȥʶ֪·Ƕ١
¹³ǣҶ诶ȷԼûĻҲԼѧĵвûеĴڡȵȣ¹˵һң
ǵģŮ񡣡ͷһ˿Ժ¹ΪǿǿʢĹң³ҲΪµһǡ
Ҷ诶ˡ
Ϊʲô׷ʲô£Լǳ˳˭ԼôЦ
֪й֪S𣿡Ҷ诶ǰץס˵죬Ǻ仰
أŮС˴ӣδ˵ͷŮŭЩ£˵ʼ
Ҷ诶ƺһ±ûɿͷ죬ڵϡ
ͷæ£ŮϢŭŮ
Ҷ诶ȴѾ˵ʲôʱԺֻ֣ôˣ
ȻһֵԽԽҶ诶̧ͷ㿴һȺֳľ˳
߹ŵҲ˶ȴȻſﲻҶֻҶ诶ߵ˿ʼʹ飬Ů񰡣ȾǰɣѾüûгԱˣòжԣɲȥѽ
Ҷ诶ˣپϣæվЩȥ
ȴ˵Щ˼Ҷ诶Ϊ׵һ˸ǿţˮ˵ϻԾ
Ҷ诶һ񡣿뵽ԼĴǿʵλ֪Sôߣ
ү˽أˮߵһӿڡ
ҲǴĽѾһˡ˳Ҷ诶߹ĿҶ诶ǰȥͣ޳ĴϡңҲûSطˣүô
仰˵꣬оǰֱðǣ۾ϴʹ
ǣҴүҿǻˡˣϣһ۾һָҶ诶
诶֣һˤ˱㿪ʼڵֱߺˡ
˹Ҷ诶û˿ԥƯĹбǷŵڵϡ
Щ˼诶ûһ˸ҿԿһۣĹǸˣͷܡ
Ҷ诶תЩȻſڵϵ˵ǶɣѾˡ
˵⻰ߵֻϻߣϻ۾ѾʧȥΪߵϺͷ緶һϢģҶ诶Īۡ
ùղǸĵ⿪ϻϵ
Ů򲻿ɡǸ˵
Ҷ诶ͷĿˣΪʲô
ˡ
ǶˣôˣҶ诶һ˿ŭ⡣
Ů񡭡
ðɣûдӣҶ诶оԼһͷˣûŪԼôȹϻˣǣܣʵв̡
ͷȥȻʱ̧һľͷӡ
Ҷ诶ϻϵʾ˰ϻ̧Ȼְϻ֫ϡſһֻҶ诶
Ҷ诶һ̧ͷЩȻڵϣִ̾һͷ˵Ǵ˶Ҫ͸ǡ
һԣҲͷԸԷվ־ĿĿеŮ
ڿʼٲϻҶ诶֪ôǽͣѾپֵĶȻԼֻˡ
ǣŮ񡣡Щ˹ȻӦʡ
УһꣿҶ诶˵⻰ʱ򣬿ͷ
ŮǺһʮ꣬ʵǺۡͷĻش
Ҷ诶˼ŵĿǰһУҧгݵ³֣Խ
诶С˵ĺܺЦһ
诶֪Ŵǲкܶ˧磿
诶˵ܴԽ᲻ҲȢüˣ
ױĻذըһ㣬һöһöҶ诶Ժﱬըըȼɫģߣסĸй١
Ҷ诶ʶߵſڷϣζû˵
壬ŮôˣһСӣ֣ݵüĿ㣬Ҳ֮ǰԵļеһִ󺣡
Ů£ôִ֪ۺӣ֮ԣǶȥɣҿŮϲô
ֿ֮ʵ壬ϻ
ȷȻŮԸɱǾͲɱִ͸żᶨ
ǣǳʲô֮ЩżУŮˣһŮˣô죿
⡭ִҲԥ֮ȻȥһŮİ
Ҷ诶̧ͷһ˺µĸоȥԼҲûио˹µ
ԼȻԽ˹Ŵһһδ˵ʷûмصĳ
Ҷ诶Щķ棬ȴͷ߹̾һҡ³
ŮҪ뿪𣿡ִ󺣵ͷ
뿪Ҷ诶Цһ£ԼܵȥȻѾˣֻܽʵҿס𣿡
ִԴϲָҶ诶£ǶĸллŮллŮ񣡡





004 ƶĴׯ

һƶƫƧСׯֻʮ˼ңΪûд峤ߵִ⼸ʮ˵ĹǡǼȥԻˣȫ档֮ǰҵһˣĴ峤˳졣˶ڣѹΧׯǡ˵Եϻǰᡣ
Ҷ诶ִ󺣿֪һУһԻװ˴Խʵ
ϻôãҶ诶ԼɣִȻ̧ͷϸֻ΢΢̧ͷϡܿҶ诶εݡʮ꣬δŮӣɻֲɣ
壬ϻԲɱһְҵװҶ诶ʱͷһװԵӽοˡֻǣɢȴ˿ûм٣򵥵һ仰˸оѹ
ǡִ󺣲ҶԣȻѾûгԹһαˡ
壬֪˼ֻǣΪʲôôҶ诶εȴ֮ˣִϻ֮£뵽֮ǰ˵Ѿ˺üˡ
⣬׳걾٣мǿȥ๦ԣԵͲǺ̯ܶ࣬Ҿ͸ˡУǺ򵽴һܻᱻȥִҶ诶һ㣬Ȼ֪޲ԡ
ԭҶ诶ͷȻԼǣһϻûзԣԼΰǡ
壬⸽е̣Ҷ诶ϵʯӣ⡣
У򡣡
ãҴ·ȥһˡҶ诶˵߳䣬Լİȥ
⡭ִ󺣸Ҷ诶󣬴복ڣʼ֪
Ҷ诶Цһ£³ѸݵĳŴ򿪣ʾȥ
ִսսֺʵʵţһҲҶ
ðҶ诶˵⻰㷢档
ִ֪ŵôλվءһײԴֵڳϡ
ǺǺǣҶ诶̲סЦҲȥӳǰʻȥ
𣿡Ҷ诶תͷִ󺣣ȴһ̲סЦǺǣ壬ð
ԭִΪ£λϣմĲЬҶ诶ѡŪġҶ诶˵Ų˼Ŀһۣķʵ
ԣ򡣡ִһᣬȻﲢ£ԷһЩ
൱ǵŰ¿ԿܶࡣҶ诶һĴ˵
ִɻ
Ҷ诶Ҳ֪ôͣԲ˵ֻһ˿ɻԼԽҲͰˣôһΪҲܴԽ
һ·ʻڿһ··ľͷһСҶ诶Ӵܿϡ
ģ쿴ʲô
滹ˣ
ܵúÿ죡
ϵ˷׷פ㿴ֵĶ
ˣִָǰһС̡
Ҷ诶հѳͣȣ̧ͷ㿴ΧԴһŴź棬ɻס
Ȳȥִ󺣰ѳŴ򿪣ȻԼ³
Щ˼Ҷ诶³˼ǽǶơ
ȻǸܵĶ֣ܴ˸֡
Ҷ诶ǣߵһ߰ѳŹϣ壬𣿡
ִ󺣵ͷǰ·Ҷ诶һҡǵ̡
͹٣ǵꣿһСƴӹ̨Ĵ̽һԴֵķԼſھȻˡ
Ҷ诶һߴ̣һ߻ش
ǻ
Ҷ诶˵ŰϵӴڵݽȥ
ʮӡСƴӳһ仰
壬ʮӹԷ𣿡Ҷ诶ͷִ󺣡
ˣˣʮӣһ¶óˡִ󺣾ϲҶ诶Ϲ
ӣҪһӡҶ诶Сƣϰ
СҶ诶˵סæݺƹģ
䣬һɵˣСӣʲô
ƹģӣҪһһ¡СӰĵݸˡ
ϸĶеοڣӣ˵֮ͨȴҲֵһɣҳʮΣ
Ҷ诶ְùһһֶ١
ӿԼһϸ߼µģֻΪһۿϲƽ͡
ӣҲСҪһ˿˵۾ȴһգգĶҶ诶еӡ
Ҷ诶Цһ£̼Լöˣֻû뵽ڼǧǰѾˡ
ǼǮһǧҲᵱҶ诶⻰ճڣ㴫һƬ
ãȻҲʶ֮ˣ̰һţСӣ
Ҷ诶ˬİӵݹȥӹվݵĵƱתԸִ󺣣壬ӡ
ִʲôʱô׻ӣһʱֱҶ诶קһ䣬ŷӦɵЦŰӱǰҶ诶̡߳
Ҷ诶Ըִ㹻棬ֱѳġ
ǺǣǺǡִ󺣲ŵһῴԼӣһῴųʳһֱʻ뿪ɵЦֹ
壬Ժͽ诶ɡҶ诶⸱ģÿɰ
Уôԣִһӣ˲ûӵһءǰﲻɣǣȻ֪ľͶԸһֻϻһԼӻôӣôԵĶΣһһ򵥵ˣһǶľˡ
Ҷ诶ЦЦҲȥ
ֻǣԺ󣬶ÿ˶诶С㡱诶ܲϰߣоԼͺҹܻŮһ㡣ǣʱˣҲͽˡ
ԽĵڶգҶ诶֮Ĵתơ֮ԳΪĴңܲٴԽȥΪʲô֮ԣΪִ˵кǿǿ׳ʲô£ԱҶ诶
ֻǣ֪˭˭
Ҷ诶룬ȴӦ֮ԵһķӦִ󺣻һϾˣЩη壬Ǿϲͺ档
⸽ľǿΪԣĸׯ׳Ƚ϶࣬ͱȽϺáľͷȥ֮ʵĻشҶ诶⡣ִһǰҶ诶һģȻ֪ɡ
ǣƽʱԶЩʲôҶ诶ǰһСϪԶ
һ㶼ڸСЩҰҰ֮ģһЩԵ꣬Ƥëõȥ֮һ߽Ҳһ߳⿴ţҶ诶۹ͣСϪܣСϪϪഫϵŮ䣬СϪ峺ףϷˮϷ֮ɵȥһбԵĴ񿴵Ϫ㱻ϪǴҲżץ㣬ζ
ŶҶ诶ͷϹѧ𣿡
СʱϹ˽ӡˣû˽ӡ֮Ȼ֪Ҷ诶ΪʲôͻȻʵش
Ҷ诶ͷͣȥ֮Ҳæ棬ֻǲ̧ͷ
ţȥǰ濴Ҷ诶ͷԸһ䣬һ˳ǰȥ
֮Եͷǡ
һ峺׵СϪ̧ͷȥƣԶɽˮҶ诶òϣĻͿôº͸ɾ
ֻǣԽûԵɿѰ
ΪʲôԼᴩԽ
Ҷ诶ȻԹӤ£ѵҵĳͷüֻǣԹӤҲʲô캦£Ϊʲôͷң
ǣ£Ҷ诶ʵҲʲôɻԼĴԽ
ãѾûԼȥǺ͹ֿѰױѾҵԼҸԼҲٷԺ͵ˡ
Ҷ诶ͷ㿴ָСˮȥ̾һȻˣͰİɡĻʺԼ
Ȼһ˼ͷ㿴һԼķɱ
ڹĹϵ쿪ʼ죬˵Ǹ󣬱֤ÿ£ϣϲѼע






005 ִׯ

ˣҶ诶۾Ϊ׵һߴ͵ӣ֮ȿΪԱȱ˵ĴһȦ˿ԵͻأҶ诶Ŀһپʮ֡
ԶԶ㿴ˣԻӦǸׯԻֻǣٱΪ˿ûо£ȻȻͦϪߣ
е΢΢һգµĺѪ쳤˻ͣ˽Ų
Ҷ诶ʱŷ֣˲ֹǸߴͣӲ˧ŰĽüбޣһ˫Ŀ絶ͦı£һԱԸе˫ĳֻǼ򵥵ͷɫƮƮһ¸Ե׿ݡ
ҲϸҶ诶һ򵥵Իװû˿װΣͷҲֻȴ˵Ķʣ߰͸ϣ͸ŸٿǴһЩüë£һ˫ɾˬû˿۾ֱͦСɱһ͸ŷɫӣСڡ
һС
޵ȴЩźֻǣΪж
첻ԼΪе֣Լʲôʱ򾹶ӸȤˣֻǣ⸽Ĵׯʲôʱһ˽ӣ
УˣҶ诶峺Ŀ⣬췢ԼЩԡ
Ŀ⣬˫ȼнǣԵ漴ɱܿҶ诶ԶԶ׿
Ҷ诶ֻ̧ȥǰĻҳٿȥһѾԶȥ漴Ŀķȥ
֮ԣ⸽˴ׯԣ˻𣿡ղǻˣǵԻô򵥡
ǸһĴֻ֣ޱȽ϶࣬񶼲ȥǣһЩ佫档һ꣬϶ء֮ԿҶ诶ȫĹһ
ԭǹٱҶ诶һ䣬Ťͷ֮˵ؼҡ
˵仰Ҷ诶ԼסңԼ˵һôİϤĴʡڵʱлмңֻǣȥҲûֻ֡ǣô׵˵ڣ
ǣҶ诶ֻĬĬĿ
ص壬³ҵĿ
ãС㣬϶ˡ֮˵⻰ܽ
Ҷ诶󣬺ܿǰľ֤ʵ֮ԵĻ
ȫŮͳͳڵϣǿǼ߰ĺӷġվ룬һֻ۾һȦ࣬Ҷ诶ϴļ
ǰСǽүͿǲ򣬡˵ԱһСǶӾ
Ҷ诶û뵽һоȻԼǰȥǺ
ٺ٣ˣɫԵ۾гһߣ˷ܵĴ˫֣û뵽㴩·ôζ
ôϴεȭͷԵĲٳҵ𣿡Ҷ诶ѺӽԱߵ֮ԣ˻ȭͷ
δ˵Ҷ诶ԹڵϵĴ˵ҶΪʲô
ˣƢҪô֣Ҷ诶һƴ򿪣ҲЦе˵ҪһĿġǾǣ㡣˲£˵ֻҪߣҾͷŹǡͬ⣬ǣǶᣡ
Ҷ诶Цһߣ죬Ŀδ̫ЩҪҸߣҪҵȭͬͬ⣡
֪ӣǣӲûаյ¡ЦͻȻ׺ݣ
߹һСˣһλεĴ󵶣ߵԣ˫ֱȭү
Ҷ诶ۿĿ⵽ͻĹؽڣܿǸӡ
С㣬ǧСġ¡ھֵʦ˵ոǿ֮Ҷ诶Сѡ
ȥǸڶʮһͣҶ诶˽šǣڹŴĪ˵Щ书ǧٹֻ֣ǰѵͲöԸҶ诶ûŵֵزͷ֮ԷԸ
죬˵岻ٿǶףգģ㿴ΣҶ诶һĨЦǰһѵˡ
עɫԵ۾һգգĶҶ诶벻ףΪʲôͻȻһƯŮˡ
ҺԣӮˣҪѶ˷ŻҪÿ˸ʮӡˣҸȥƾ㴦áҶ诶мĿ𴦡
ãˬ죡үվͬһѣҳ󻰿˵ǰͷˣɲˣ˵춼ѵ˶ϣ˭֪ǷԲĸ֣ƫƫɵŮԶš
С㣬İʱ֮ѾҶ诶İùĵݸ
ֻǣ֪ʦұԣʲôûУҶ诶ƵĿ
ߣһǣȻ˿ۣ诶ŭգʲôʽֻҪ۵ڵϣӮ
죬⻰ɵ棿Ҷ诶յĴӰǹóϰ档
˵ʮ㣬ǷֻҪܰ򵹣Ӯ
˵⻰תͷ˵еŮˣСһ㣬ɲҵСӣҪ࣬ǿɾͲÿˣ
ȭǡ
ǺãʼɣҶ诶ŭ⣬Ȼһеӡ
ֻǣ⸱ŭһᵶ㳯诶˹
Ҷ诶ӰһΣһ漴Ƶ󣬳ֱһ롣
ֻоֱҧһ£˿ûзϣٵֳȥ
Ҷ诶˺󼸲һա
룬ӣֻزӦòѶԸٴν㿴Ҷ诶һ˫ֱ翴
һ㶣֪«ʲôҩ
ֻһҩЧѾоֱۿʼ飬Ȼʧȥ֪󵶡ơһڵϣҲڵϣ۾
ŵĿҶ诶ֿڵϵָҶ诶õʲô˵ĺݶ
һʱԻҶ诶Ŀһۣŵԣ˸ҷŻ򣬱Ҳ
㶿Ҷ诶βŻعãݣߣ
ԶҶ诶ЩȻڵϣһִ󺣣
С㣬ִ󺣴ԶվæܹҶ诶Ϊŭ⡣
жϥлƽ㲻֪Ϊʲôô׵ľ͸¹򣿡Ҷ诶ŭ壬ԺһнҴ㿴Σ
ããִһϲׯһֱڱĵزһλɰ˶вϲ֮





006 Ұһ

һʮˣ׳٣ϱͻˣܹŶʮˡ
Ҷ诶һµսȣʱҪĲǸ߿ƼοǲΣյͶʮ˵ͶȻҺãԷҲǺܶ࣬ԼŬ±Ӧòѡ
£Ҷ诶ٴδִ֮򣬹һذԼ̭һЩеĹ
Ҷ诶ѴټһƼݣӪӣоԼϵĵӸء
С㣬ҵϰͻǼ˶Ҷ诶Ǿмӡ
ãǼԺרŸ𹭼ÿտиǼӣҲǸϰĿ϶ͽŮһɶԴ
տʼһ̴һЩȭţһǿʡ֮ԻһǾÿ̴ʶ֣ϾͿʼ
⣬һᰲսֲԣѧϰ󣬺úϢ˸棬˶Ҫȥһʲô𣿡
С㣬ܲҲʲôһʮСվ
Ҷ诶ϲŮˣǺѵˡһᰲŵġʲô֣
С㣬ҽ֮֮Ҹ硣ŮҶ诶΢ЦҲࡣ
ã͵ʲôԺҶ诶סŮ
С㣬޾Ӷֻ࣬£ΣգҶ诶쵼֮⣬Լʡ
ģҶ诶ǲɢˣִֻ󺣺֮ԡ
֮ԣûɣ
С㣬ҵޣԼʶ˶֣ô̱ܽأ֮˵ûףȴҲҾܾҪ
һġҶ诶ĻһҪԣҪչֻ⣬ǺúһյĲԼƻ
С㣬ƬǺֻܶ࣬ΣҲ˲١رҰȺҰǶʮ˿ת۾ͻᱻ̤¡֮Ŀùһ龰ԼΪŽѡ
ҰҶ诶üͷʼ˼Ƭ̣壬ûԹץҰ
⣬ִɻĿҶ诶ûпǹֻǣҰͨǳȺĻֻҪһȥ֣ͿָΣգҪ˵ˡ
ǿڣȻҰҶ诶վΣ
ֻǣҰִ󺣲òҶ诶ͷݡ
а취Ҷ诶һ䣬һŵЦſ
֮Կɵˣ쾹Ȼûк͡
֮ԣһǾͳôҴϹߣȥһ塣Ҷ诶һ˿졣ųһֻ񻨳һˮĻͲϲˡ
ǣС㡣֮Իع񣬿Ҷ诶еĲãͷ
壬ֻϻôˣ
쿪ʼ㲻Բȡ
ȥ
ִ󺣴Ҷ诶Աߣֻϻ۾Ѿû˿
壬ȥҷЩ
С㣬Ǹġִ󺣲ۣǿȫûóԣСģڣιϻ
ȥҶ诶˵꣬ٴη
ִЩԸȥ
Ҷ诶ϻϵİ߰Ѫһϧ֮ԣȥЩɾˮͲһЩֹѪ׵Ĳҩ
䲻Ҷ诶Ҫʲô֮ȥ
С㣬ˡִٿһ⣬ݸҶ诶
͸ˡҶ诶ӹݵ档
ζϻ۾һҶ诶ֿһ⣬ٴα۾
㿴Ͳԡִ۵Ķ⡣
һԵġҶ诶˵˺һ⣬ֱӵݵϻߡ
ִ󺣵һȻŵĶҶ诶֡
ԣҶ诶ûзӦϻ߲ȥ
ϻһ۾԰Դ쵽֮䣬ٲ
С㣬ˮˡ֮Զһˮ
Ҷ诶£壬ڿʼʲôҪι⣬Ҫκ˿֮ԣˮȻȥϢɣ
С㣬ҪСģִ⣬֮ת뿪
Ҷ诶ѲʪֽȥΪȥϵѪ
˵ƭ˵ģڵһϢӦòвҶ诶Ÿ˿
ȻһҶ诶ܿΪϴɾһЩҩ
գ㡣
ڶ죬Ҷ诶Ը֮ԴУȥ壬жڶ
С㣬ʲôִ󺣸оϳ˸ɾҶ诶ߣһϣ
⸽ǲҰҰãҶ诶һߴΧĵΣһߺִ졣
ֻǣܲ׽ġִ󺣿ʼĦȭƣС㣬ǸϿȥɣ
֮ҽ
һᣬִ󺣴֮Ҷ诶ߡ
С㣬ң֮Щݵϲ
֮һ𣿡Ҷ诶Ĵ۾֪һϻ۵С
ֻҪСԸģ֮һɡ
ãǳȥԣкڼҵλŮ죬ǰƬɽ£ľ׮ʲôΧҪΧôߡҶ诶ֱȻһ£ֿ֮𣿡
ס֮ЦŴӦСģǻ֮ǰһá
ã㡣Ҷ诶һЦתִ˵壬ߡ
Ҷ诶ϳִ󺣵ָ£Ŵֵķʻȥ
С㣬𣿡֮ͷ󺹵߹Ҷ诶ͷ
Ҷ诶ͷɵЩˣһɸжһһֱԼף׵Ѿںˡ
ţִָӴ̺һЩ֦ҰݣԶȥ˿һ塣
ˡҶ诶ǰ֣ˡǵһȫĵطҡûҵ˭Ҫ
תͷֶ֮˵֮ԣϳ
С㣬ҪȥҰִһżȻקסҶ诶䣬ʧָæſ
壬ĺˡҶ诶˵ϳ
Ҷ诶ȷҪҰûпǹеΣԣֻǣӦò°ɣ
ֻǣʵûҶ诶ǰ˳ȣӲݴ֦Ҷï·ߡʻʮӣǰڴֵĴסȥ·
С㣬ô죿֮żʡ
Ҷ诶Ҳû뵽ˣԼĴ֪֪˷ܰսʤԼȻ򵥵ˡ
ȥҶ诶صȴĿռʵǲûвСܣһֱʮӣŰѳá
򿪳紵Ϊþÿյֲһ¶ϵĺ飬Ҷ诶ȶţ㳯ԭ·ء
ͻȻһصĽҶ诶ŴӺӾ㿴һͷ޴ĺëҰ





007 Ұ

Ҷ诶һ߳˺
С㣬Ұ֮ԵҲΪ־ù졣
ã
Ҷ诶İѳȥҰЩ֪ĿǰȻֱֱĳԼµĵ˺ü
㶵Ŀ϶Ҷ诶ֱѳҰǰǰһЩȻֵȥػؼΣҰѾ¶ͷӣ˶ͷ­ҡҡȥѾ¶׺ݵĹâ
Ҷ诶һΰѳȥʱͻȻӺӾֿͷҰﲻһгȺҰҲ˲ġ
ˣ۳ɹ񣬲һΰɣҶ诶źİѳǸҰϣŸоһɾ޴֪ҰһǱײˡݺݲţǰ۶ȥ
С㣬ǣ׷ˣ֮Ե͸Щź˷ܣ弸Ѿ뿪λ
ãҶ诶˵һ䣬żӴķʻȥ
ӺӾԿղҶ诶ĶѾŭһͷҰΪףʮͷҰڳ
ܿ죬㿴ԱߵıǣҶ诶ٶȣԽԽҰͻȻһת䣬ͷ͵سһʻȥЩҰǸûи״ɲסĽŲȻǰţǣһͷһͷĵ
Ҷ诶Զͣסӣӳ￴ȥѾ߰ͷҰ壬µļͷΪں棬ͬһȥӲֹס˽ŲҡԴĴƺŷԼѾ뿪ïܵĴ֣ߺ˼ǼͷҰĬһͬȥ
ԶҶ诶Ÿ³ȥǽг
һ³ҰĴ˷ĽҶ诶ߵԱߣͷ¿߰ͷҰռ壬ҿ幻ҲҿµҰûΪûа취װôҰ
Ҷ诶ϵļ́ͷִѾ壬ҰƤɻã
ϻ˳߼ҰƤǣһҰͺѲԣһҪûе˼۵ģԺ򵽡ͷҰϲ֮ɫ֮ڱС㣬ҰƤһſɾʮӰаͷҰǾǰʮ
Ҷ诶ûкǰֹۡҰǲԵˣؼǻﻢβƻǵƤëȡǵأ
ǹǣһǹһôļȻԺõǹĵطܶ࣬ΪЩѾֵҰ˷Ķ
ǣҰҶ诶Щ޴ĸоܲܣǶȻƤɣ
壬ʲôð취Ҷ诶ϲԽִ󺣡
ʵڲУιǳɺҩִȻͻȻľ޴ϲ֪ͷҰǵƤ⣬ǹüˡ
ɺҩҶ诶Ȼ֪ʲôõģֻǣô᲻ҰʲôӰ죿
⣬ִһˣ֪
Ҷ诶ҡҡͷ϶СҰɺҩȥҰ⣬൱˼ӳɺҩ
˼䣬ʮǱţ֪˵ʲô
ǣҶ诶վǺ
ûʲôð취ǵӣѾҵ˽Ĺؼڡ
ʲô˵С㲻ǵġһֹӣִһԴߴٵ
С㣬壬͸ղ˵а취֮ԼǶڣվ˵
ͣ˭Ҷ诶һüΪʲô˶ôûţ
ֻǣ֪ЩǰһģߣòɢǹϣҲЩ⣬ð
ңǡһȥຩĿ˵ͷվ
ʲô취Ҷ诶ϳҲǴļ֮һ
С㣬ңҼòԡ
УƤëͲֵǮˡδ˵꣬Ҷ诶
ǣңЩ޴죬ņ̀ͷһҶ诶С㣬ҿԣѼ䵽
Ŀԣ˵Ҷ诶һ˿ϲû뵽ļȻ˾ȷ
ǣҿԡһǫӡ
ã㣡Ҷ诶߹ȥļ򣬡ղź³çĴĻҵĴڣԿʼˡ
ó˺˱һԱҶ诶ǰΪղԼĻǸ
ȻͼҶ诶˶ʱһů̧ͷҶ诶ߵһµȥͶᾡ
ʱ֮Ѿ׼ùݸֿ͡һҶ诶ڵϷһ˿Σֻϧ̫ˣû˷
ͻȻֻҰѾʼֻŵĺߺ
ಡһ˳ȥ
ֻǣǼƫһЩȻһͷҰƨϡ
ͣ㲻оͲҪңһȥʮӿɾûִԴض㡣
ǰӣоͲҪˡȺҲ
С㣬ҡһεĿҶ诶ţͷصĵȥ
ͣҶ诶ɨһЩˣֳҪţ㣡
Ͳŵ۾Ҷ诶Ҷ诶ͷֿԼĹ
ٴδ䣡
ãȺһ󻶺ǼƫһͷҰֱֱûȥֻʣ¼β棬Ұж㵹һѪ˳Ұ˳
Ҷ诶һ龰ȴüҰʼҺļȥʱʧˡ
а𣿡Ҷ诶ͣĿڴϣ
УҶ诶Ŀ⣬ͲԾĵͷоϺȻһ
ãʼ
飬չ쳣˳
;ȻһٵİѼ䵽ҰʹҰݵＷһš
ڣһͷҰˣҶ诶ǿҲڻصš
壬һͷҰ˳ʣģ㰲˴ȥϽҶ诶ͣһ£ÿͷٽҰһ⣬壬Ұ⣬Ǯ
˵Ұۣζأңкܸߵֵһֻи˼ҲųԵټϣҰѲԣԣ۸һֱܸߡһͷҰƿʮӡִ˵۷Ź⣬С㣬Ǯ͹üˡ
˵Ҷ诶⡣ͷͶڵϣԴһµӣ߹ȥļ򣬡ͣôˣ
̧ͷҶ诶͵վ˫֣ͷӵĽУС㡭
˾Ӧи˵ӣҶ诶̲סûʲôΪʲôһͷɥӣ
ͷҰҡԴǵĺҶ诶ǰǾ޴롣
ҾӦÿЩɹҰҪ֪û㣬пһҰƤǶòҶ诶ĽţԼһЩԣĹ
С㣬㲻ңڸ̧ͷֱҶ诶۾
Ҷ诶ҡҡͷ߰ɣǶڵǡ
ó׼õĹĸΪһ飬̧ҰŻشķȥ





008 ջ

ÿ˵ļ϶ģÿ˵ȴϲ̵ġԵҰ˵ֱһһеʵ֣ľȻһŮ֮ǵҶ诶ľֶ˼֡
һҹǶʷ֣ĵһȻҲǳԵһ
С㣬ִǲ֪˵ʲôǵĶ飬ִѾЩ΢Ҷ诶ԣЩţҲ갡
Ҷ诶һĨǳǳЦ̧Ұص壬ڼĸ滶ЩжҲ֮Ĵ£ܺõҶ诶ǵҶ诶ʼ֣ԼЩϲӵĴӡң˺ԼǸűʵǺ񣬴ӣ򵥣Ҷ诶ĸоͺԼһ㡣
С㣬֮ԿԾһô֮ҲϹϾĶƱ
Ҷ诶ҡͷҲϲȾơ
֮ƺЩΣͣڰС
Բƣ𣿡Ҷ诶豭һľƱ
ȻԣȻԣ֮һ˿ϲľһ
ǵϻ񣬲Ҫ̫ࡣҶ诶򴽺һڲ裬ɫ
ǣҲˡ֮Է¾ƱֻȻڲסϵЦ⡣
֮ԣϸ˶𣿡Ҷ诶һ⡣
ϴˣΧׯĳԴãҪȥԣǮ˻Ǻܶġ֮ЩôȴĻϲĻش⡣
ȥԸһ£ɱͷƤëҰȻһóյҰ⡣Ҷ诶ֿԵִ󺣣壬ԹҰ𣿡
ִҡҡͷֻ˼˵ҰζֻǣȴûгԹ
ãͷҰôȳʡҶ诶֮һ֣ȥɣ
⡯֮ЩԥҶ诶ֹ
ȥɣҶ诶һۣаš
֮⻰Ҳ˵ʲôתȥ
С㣬ҰǺܹģԼˣϧ֮һֱԱ߹עҶ诶Լĸ뿪̲סڡ
ǺǣҶ诶Цû뵽Ůӣ˻ֱˬ֮Լ֪Ұʲôζôˣ
Ŷ֮˼ĵͷС㣬ΧǸأҪʲô
֪ˡҶ诶վ˵߰ɣȥһѡ
ѣ֮ƣ˭Сѣ
ʹѾһϢǣ֮￴Ҷ诶ַϻĸ̲סг
Ҷ诶˿ڴѾڻָΪֻһЩû˵ǵƤˣԣϹҩ֮󣬽Ѿ˺ܶࡣֻǣΪûгԶԵʣϻľȻܲʹҶ诶ַŵϣҲ̧ͷȥ
ȵˮɣҶ诶ͷһˮߣȻվ֮˵߰ɣ
С㣬ʲôֵ֮ʡ
㲻ãܿɰ𣿡Ҷ诶ͷ֮¶һ˿ɰЦݡ
֮һ¿ˣû뵽߹ŮСҲôƤɰЦݡ
壬ҪٺˣºúóҰζҶ诶ʾִ֮ϵľƱο컹Ҫæ
ǣС㡣ȻˣȼǣҲԲҲҶ诶Ļңڴ죬ʲô鷢
㡣֮һС˵
Ҷ诶ҲŵˣһŨζ۾·оԼֻص˶ʮһͣȰĿע£ŨŨĴŰŹ
С㣬һ¡֮߹ζҲ֮˱Ƕ
Ҷ诶ͷȥоζڱǼ䲻ɢȥ֮Զ⡣ող֮뿪ʱ㣬ҲһСʱǣѾŨṴ̃ɫңóϸ壬Ϊ⡣
Ҷ诶һŵʱоһŨҰζζϡľ׽Ƿ㴼ζء
֮ԣǶȥһɣҶ诶¶һ˿Цݣ⣬ѳʦ뵽
СС㡣Ҷ诶ϣʦȻһλŮӡ
ǰѧգҶ诶Ľţɵ÷ŵһЩ
ңûѧֻǣҵǰʦŮʼյͷֱҶ诶
ϣһǰһͷҰɱȻ㸺ơӣҶ诶һƻУýҰ⣬𣿡
С㣬⣬̧ͷһҶ诶ֺܿͷȥƺҶ诶˼ңʲô𣿡
ҾãҰ˾ʱãʧȥŨķζҶ诶Լ˼ȻڴĿأ
ң֪ǣҶ诶ҲûôţΪһЩͷ棬ԣʱһЩ
Ҷ诶ͷһ£ɱһͷҰʱÿˣͰȳȻͷͷ⣬һֱϡ𣿡
ˣʲô֣Ҷ诶ʵ
û⣬С㣬ҽӡһӡ
ãȥæɣҶ诶뿪ü
˻һֱѹȣÿһ˶ôĲţңǿҵ𱰹ôֹأ
óԣóԣִ󺣵Ҷ诶Ŀ⣬̻ʵģҶ诶ļƻڴ
֮ԣ㸺Űǿڴ̧ϣȻǰȥ򡣡һҶ诶Ϳʼֳָӣ֮ŴĸŮСΧȥҰҰãԽԽãǰǣҪ˵ǡ̸İ취ҰþĵطףǵãһҪ֪𣿡
С㣬ʲôִ㬵Ŀּ˷ܵ뿪æʵ
壬Ҷ诶ǻ飬Щ̿ڡ룬˵ҲȥϿڴǼֱҰ
ִвʣȴҲҶ诶˼
Ҷ诶Щˣֿڰο壬֮ڼңȥϣòã
ģִ漴
Ҷ诶ͷתԼİ߹ȥ˼ͻȻһ飬ͷִ˵壬ߴеˣرǺӣһҪֻϻ֪𣿡
ִæش𣬡֪ˣС㡣
Ҷ诶ŷĵתϳķʻȥ
ߵĺûԶǣҶ诶ֻĸš
С㣬ЩסҶ诶֮ϳ˭֪һϳ㿪ʡ
ʲô׵ģҶ诶ֵ
֪СҪҰǣҲ׵ǣΪʲô⣬Ҫأ֮˵еʡ
ʱˡҶ诶شЩƵ
֮Ҳٶʣֻܰ۾Զڶû˵һεľн;棬ʱֶһЩͲΪҶ诶ľ˵ĽżڹҵϣּһԼٵ߬ȭѾ߳ĺԼôˣΪǸΣ֮Щ˷ܵĸ˵Ҷ诶һƤɰЦ˵ԼûмЦǣ֮һϵΣȫҶ诶΢Цӡ





009 

֮ԡ
֮Ҷ诶ͻȻڣͻȻЩ顣
ôˣҶ诶ֵĿŵӡ
ûСС㣬ʲôԸ֮ԻæһԼ
֮ԣûȨԸȥʲôҺһҲһͨˡԣǵĵλƽȵģ֪𣿡Ҷ诶һжãֻһ㣬ǳϰߡ
ң֮ŤͷһҶ诶ϻعͷȻĻԼоǲ֪ΪʲôﻹµĸоС㣬֪ˡ
ˣ̵ĺܺãҶ诶Ľţɵûǣ㻹ҪһЩʦ֪Ķڸǣ𣿡
ţһŬġ֮ĵͷ
㰡ʲô
ʲôҰ⣿
ĻǼٵģ
Ҷ诶ϣǰѹǴ򿪣һŨζʱֵȻΧܶˣǮȴûһˡ
Ҷ诶߹ʢһС룬ݸһƵˣζΣ
˽ŽɵĽӹԣ̧ͷʵһ룬Ǯ
Ҷ诶ҡҡͷҪǮ
ģҶ诶ͷ˲ŷͷƷ
óԣóԣ˳Ժ޲ڣֵݸҶ诶ҴûгԹôóԵ⣬һ룡
һ룬ҪӵģҶ诶ӹַһԡ
ӣһ㶣ǣǮһ룿
һӣҶ诶һָһ롣
ΧʱһҲĴ񣬵Ȼ֮Ҳڡ
ۣù󰡣
ǰǵĿѼ󣡡
Ҳ¶ɫ⣬̫˰ɣ
ʲôζҲ֪ˣҶ诶һɵĿοҰ⣬ζŨҪǣӪḻǿ׳塣رǰһҹŰɵģӪɷָʤŨ⣬˼ζһ㹻һһ٣һӣ𣿡
һֱʿˮҶ诶ּ˵ο벶ԵҰǿǾһ¡пܣһӶζԣһӣʶ˵һ㶼󣡺οҰⶼԹĿˣһӶ˵Ǿţһëѡ
˻һҶ诶֪ܶѾǿҵԽУЩ˵ıѾʼԾԾԣҶ诶ֿڵǶһ⣬ԣΪ˻׵ĺ񰮣Ұ⣬һһ룡
Ǿ˵һӿ룿ʱų˿ûԥͳһӣһ룡
¿ͷѡֻҪһ˴򿪾棬һжʼ˳ο˭Ŀˣ˼㲻ܹȥ
Ҷ诶˵һԣŷӵȺΧǿڴԱߣϽռ˱˵΢Ц
սϴķһҰܿˣ֮ԵǮѾǹĹҵˡ
С㣬⡭֮Եı֮ǰҶ诶Ժִ󺣿Щ׻ӵıһģС㣬ˡ
ʲôˣҶ诶˫ֱ磬۾Զ
ֻҰ⣬һһҰ⣬ܶ˶ûгԹҰ⣬֪ǲǣ⣬ͲһˡŵζȻŲˡС㣬֮Ե޵
ⲻʲôҶ诶ָԶʢһ⣬͸Ǳߵ̺Ů
֮˳ֿȥֻؤԶСؤһգգĶߣһŵĽʹѡ
ãȥ֮˵꣬ʢһҰ⣬߹ȥ
ιҰ⻹ûаͻȻһҶ诶Ҷ诶ͷ㿴һͷǿڴԱ߽¡
ʢ룬죡ˡ
λӣȽǮһӡ֮øϹ֡
˵ʲô¶һ˿˼ı顣
˵Ұһӡ֮Ϊûظһ顣
ЦЦԶʲô˸ҪǮ
⡭֮һ۹⿴Ҷ诶
λûǮأ԰ͣҶ诶߹Цſ
һûǮҶ诶߹һ£û뵽侹Ȼ˸ɾӡֻһ˲ͻָǲ֪˭
˭ҪҶ诶˵ҪǣֻҪҰ⣬Ǯ򣡡
𣿡ѹŭԴԼĽ޸үû˸˵Լ˵֪үҽ򣡡
үʲôҶ诶üͷһʱûзӦڹŴû뵽Լһ仰ɹΧ˵һ
㣡˿ûо⣬οԼûдӹӲģԿĿ϶ԼǣܻĶҶ诶˵бͱ뿪Ҫ֪үү
˵⻰ȥ
СС㡣֮Եŵǡ
ôҶ诶Ťͷ
үǲġ֮Σǡ
Ҷ诶̧ʾҪ˵ˣҲүǸʲôģһҪǮ쾭¡죬͵ɣش壡
С㣬⣬ⲻΰɣִ󺣿ǰӣ㵸
С㣬һһٶʮӡ֮ԵҲ͸žϲ
ģһͷҰһٶ𣿡ִŴͣ漴ϳһɥı飬ⲻ˵ϣȻһٶӣ
֮ͬĵͷҲһϧӡ
ִض״
ǣС㣬ҵ󲻻ô׷Źǡ֮üͷ
ôǵ𣿡ִԣҲüͷ
Ǹʲôүô£Ҷ诶ǵı飬֪鲢Լô򵥡
С˵ǰүɣִһµģģô죿
ʲô𣿡Ҷ诶ֵĿı顣
С㰡ǰү϶֣Сӣôǵ𰡣ִһס֮Եĸ첲ң׷ʲô£
ûʲôҶ诶ڣֻǣⲻǮҾܾˡ
С㣬⣬ô죿ǸԲưոݵģԼĽүǿŮаԵûһ˸Ҷ˵ִ֡˵һµϣôģ
⻰Ҷ诶ʱʲôүĲһ˿˵Ȼɶ񣬵׷һеĻǹɡơϲѿүӦҲһ֮ѡ
岻ˣģǲûʲôǵӣҰ⣬ҲҪǮ򣡡Ҷ诶ŭԣ죬ҵҪôԸң
壬ҾС֮ǾûбҪ֮Ҷ诶һͻȻоࡣȻ֪Լͨʲô֪Сڣʲô¡
֮ԣ⻰˵ġִ󺣲ҷҶ诶Ļֻаìͷ׼֮ԣⲻ²µ⣬ǡ
壬˼Ҷ诶һۣĺˣһ鴦ãң꼰İա
ˣҰִվҶ诶񣬡С㣬ȫˣ
壬ʲôҶ诶üͷЩõĿִ󺣣£Ҫˡ
Ťͷ֮˵֮ԣȥ֮ûС
Ҷ诶˵⻰Ҳ֮߳˷䡣ȻִʵĵǶİհΣǿηģﻹЩ





010 

С㡣ƬΧĳأ㿴֮ﻶܹСΪ˷ܺܶú˵ġ
֮ôҶ诶߽ϲɵһɵЦ
֮ҲһԵ֮ԡ
ǣ֮Щ˷ܣʮָȻţ׽ס˶ʮֻҰãʮֻҰ
Ҷ诶ͷˡ
С㣬û뵽ԭŮҲԲԵġ֮ظһһµţʾĵϲá
֮Ҷ诶˫ַϣ۾˵ҪסϣֻҪ飬Ůһпܻøã𣿡
֮˼ĵͷֻǣãŮӣҲֻСɣ£øã
֮һȺͬЩ˷ܵĸŮͺӡǵ£ǼʮֻסȽŵҰúҰ
ˡҶ诶ЦӯӯĳǺϣҽڣҿȻȥϢùϵطϡ
С㣬ǡ֮ԼԶЩɻָŵϵҰҰ
֮ԣ֪֪ҰõķֳǿҶ诶ӣϸ۲ЩСȻ̧ͷ֮˵û֮Ķ
У֮΢΢üֻǣС㣬ʲô
룬ǷŵҶ诶վٴδľ׮Χĳء
һ鿿ɽµòݵأΧľ׮ΧԺ󣬾γһԽķǰҶ诶Ͷֳԣ֪ⷽʶҶ诶֪һ
ǣ֮ץץͷƺе˼飬ʲô
Ҷ诶ЩԾѵǴû𣿿ǣ֮ı飬Ҷ诶֪ûֳ
ʱ䣬Ҷ诶һü˵ֳΡ֮ҲҶ诶ģԭҰÿСҰãСҰÿССҰãҰֻԷСҰµһֱǾͲÿȥԡңҰԽԽʱ򣬻ȥȻⲢҶ诶ԭõ⡣ȻЩɣ˼ȴҲᵽˡ
֮ǰҶ诶ָ˰ǿ鳡һΪȻһصϷٰҰŽȥҰͬڼҼǿԷɵúܸߣԣҪסһأҰá
ȵһжæ꣬Ҷ诶ѡ
ȵˮҶ诶ȥ۾Ȼǽɫݸ֪ҾϲԸѣֻǣڻܰųģһ죬һɵѡѡص֣Ҳѡߡ
ҩϸϸͿϣһĨϧ֪˽ǣҲģҰŻȥ᲻ΣգҺ룬ң𣿡
֪Ľɽ֮ǣû˹涨㲻ԽѰϣǿԳΪѣòã
óһЩѪҰ⣬ŵߣüûгԶˣ˰ɣͬѣͰˣ𣿡
ϻҰ⣬ͷ΢΢̧Ҷ诶̶ֵͷǿ⡣
Ҷ诶룬żҵ˼붷Ҫ棬Ҫ
ڣͷ̽ͷһҰ⣬һ¿ʼһʰҶ诶ûпô£һҰ㲻Ӱ
ǺǣԷٶҲ̫ЩɣҶ诶ЦŻͷóһҰ⣬ŵǰ˵԰ɣ
̧ͷһҶ诶еͺ֪㲻ǶҶ诶ĸлֵܿͷԸǰ顣
Ҷ诶ţ֪ԸԼԼָӦһУ
̾һһæµѾЩۣ۾ʼ˼ոӦ
С㣬˵ȥġִ󺣲ɣһ˿ίȥЩ̿
壬ܻ£ԡʵԭǵִ󺣻ʲôԼ벻顣
ΪˣҲŸҪȥִЩżˣҲԼĵģҶ诶Ը񣬻ֵø
Ҷ诶΢һ£ͷðɣǾ֮ڼң߰ɣ
֮ЩģȴҲ˵ʲô֪Ҷ诶飬ı䡣οûкҶ诶
ȻҶ诶һ˸ԶԶ㿴һ˵ȴӵվڽֿڡ
ӣҶ诶Ŀ϶ִѾ˹ȥңĸһ
˭۾һֻۣǽҶ诶Ӱ
Ƕˣеġִ󺣽ǡٶĽԣ
Ŷбһۣʲôﰡ
⡭ִȻۣȴҲ֪ǮֵĵһõҰТӣ¡
⣿⻰ЦŤͷΧ˵𣿱үֵֻҰ𣿡
ŭĿִ󺣣ͷҹңҿǻòͷˣ
ִ󺣶ʱһ֣̿û뵽ԼһȻŪɳ׾
ΪԼֵ⣿Ҷ诶߹İЩִ
ҲֵûзӦſھ˵֪ܿҶ诶˼ˣӣ
˵Ҷ诶ȻԵõĿү򣿡
ôһģ˰ɣ
ȻǰүݣӦҲǻ׹˰ɣҶ诶ǸģǾ˼ȿɺֿɱ
ȻͷȥˣﰵԵ⡣
ǣȻǻ׹ݣҶ诶Ц˫ֱ翴ΪʲôҰǮûУ
㣡ɫָҶ诶СӣȻһٶĳүǲ֪үмֻۣ
˵һ֣ЩҶһڵǰ
ҪҪִͻȻҶ诶߳һѰҶ诶Լ󣬳ȥүͷŹǰɣ
壡Ҷ诶ȵʲô
С㣬үǲ𰡣ִ̧ͷҶ诶Ѿݺᡣ
㣡Ҷ诶ּһʱ֪˵ʲô
ô֪𣿡һ̧֣סЩҶָֻ˽ɫ
ү̧֣ͷŹǰɣִŲʣΪ˶İգòˡֻҪҪʲôֻҪǶеģһ˫ַϣ
˻棿Ҷ诶һۣŹ⡣
룡Ҷ诶Ҳ̲סͷʹɫִ㲻Ҫ̫
ô˵ЦһǾҪˣ
ұԣǣҶ诶Ѿŭ⣬ҵʶһ£ʲôĻӹүһ˵Сӣ
㣡û뵽ǰˣƷǷµĽҲ£˶֪ݣ񣬴û˸ҺԡҶ诶ˣǵһҪǣִˣģԼǸĽ򣬻ô£ԼĽ㶼˵ʲôСһЩҪôţñ𾪶ү
ǣǰƲҶ诶ʲԴӽүԼʲôʱ˵ҹοǰôҲһССĴԼʲô





011 ٴһ

뵽Լһ֣λҶ˵ҺݺݵĴ򣡡
ֻǣ֪ϵĸԼ¶ĵǶûӹҶ诶۾Ҷ诶ɵЦˣֻɺ޿ɱ
ߵļҶǰķӭ֮ʲô湦Ȼ˶ڣҶ诶ɵİһŵڵء
֣Ҷ诶̧ͷһ仰ûӷͬοû˰գүʲô븶ǮȻԵ޹ʵԶ٣ˣҲûİɣôҪ𣿡
󿴵ԼļҶڵأѾǾ֣û뵽һͨĴ񣬾ȻֲһЩ飬ôԼҶǰҪ˼ӵġ߹ݺڵϵļҶһţͰ
ҼţһҪ޺仰תߡΣҪȥԼĽ㣬үֻʧȥ档
ŶãΧΧ۵İԼСǶ̲סΪҶ诶ֽкá
ִֻЩǵĿȥӰ֪£㲻Ѿˡ
壬ҪôˡҶ诶ĵǣοȻԼܲϲղŵľٶҲΪ˰յİΣ룬ҲȻˡ
ΪҶ诶ľٶİճһڶֻҰζȷ֮Ұ˷ӵܿˡִ󺣿Ǯһηʱš
Ҷ诶һصӣȲϻǰ档
ϻһҶ诶Ȼվ﷢ͺ
Һܸ𣿡Ҷ诶ľٶһůæҰݹȥϻ˵ţȻ֪㲢ΪҶˣǣ㾫˺ܶ࣬һǺܿġ
ϻͷ˺ҧ飬Ҷ诶
֪ҽľٶ᲻ЩǷףҶ诶ȥһ£ͻȻЩ־壬ڵľѾָһЩ᲻ͻȻϮԼϾͬϷﱻѱϻ
뵽Ҷ诶ֻ֣۹Ȼ᲻뿪ľȻָһЩΪܵЩ˺֮ǰ춼ûгԶԣܿó廹Ǻ
ԣӽ쿪ʼһÿ춼ԵñġֵݸһŹͷҰ⣬ԵýζӣҶ诶ɵǡ
֪ڵݸٿԺ̧ԴͷҶ诶
Ա𣿡Ҷ诶ԼĻϲҽҶ诶Ժѣòã
ϻȴŤͷĵطһۣȻӣԴǰϣ۾
ðɣ֪ڻܽңţһ죬ǻΪѵġҶ诶ְһˮݵ棬Ȼ뿪
˼죬Ұ׷ʳҲһֱûңִɤǿģҲڻصԭ
ׯһֱҶ诶ڴķչšҰúҰֳѾ˴ĸ棬֮ÿżȥҰ⡣Ҷ诶Щÿȡ˶ܴﵽͰٲĳ̶ȡһ³еӢۣЩľɵĺӽʼ
ͣȥһ´֡һգҶ诶ͻȻڽСͽй
ȥʲôʱͿҶ诶Ѿ죬ҲѾֱҶ诶Ŀ⡣
ȥһ£滹ʲôмֵĶҶ诶˵ţȥ߰ɣ
С㣬ҡֹ
˵ʲôҶ诶һۣ¶ɫɫͣҺ˵ٴˣʲôֱ˵Ҫµġ
͵Ȼ֪ϲԼǣԴǴΰҰɹԼԸѾıһЩٲôԱˡ뵽СϲˣֱˬӺڵС㣬ѧ
ѧһʱͻȻһУһǿҵǰδеĸоȻûмһҲû˵һĪϤУԼ³۳ҵֿУ
ŶҶ诶ĸ⡣֪ʵһֱڿļһֻǲ֪ʲôԭԱ˵⼸죬ԼҲоı仯ͻȻ˵ĻȷʵҶ诶һܿ죬Ҷ诶ͷðҾͽ㣡
ֵͳԾ
Ҷ诶ûзӦʵôֲѧ𣿡
ǣǣæֻ֣ǣû뵽СôʹĴӦҡ
ʵҺܸˡҶ诶˵
һ㶡
ԼϲĶҪȥ׷󡣡Ҷ诶͵Ҳϲ⳵óҲѧǣģֻ㣡ϲϲ־ͣһӺҪ֪𣿡
͵һ˲Ķ·ϲС㾹Ȼ˵ϲԼʱ־ִһʱ֪˵ʲôֻǲסĵͷ
Ϊ˷Ҷ诶бһѿ׼˹
С㣬ҿ𣿡һǰ·һʵ
ȻԡҶ诶ΧĻ͵һ£ڵϻ
ޣĵͷ
ʱ磬ֻ͸֦ҶڵγһƬ߰ߵӰ
ܵĴ֣ǰȻʡҶ诶û뵽ֵȻһƬĲԭĲݶа׶ߡԽԭȥһĺǰ洩ӱߣȻһͷ÷¹
Ҷ诶ɵñǰ˿ûע⵽ԵѾʼšಡһ죬ֱֱĳ¹ȥ
ͣҶ诶ŷӦæȥץ͵ĹȴѾ̫ࡣ
Ҷ诶һԳǰ˫֣ﻹţܣܣ
Ȼ˵ô࣬ʵЩķֻһ˲¡¹ƺҲо쳣˫ŤͷĴ
Σգ̧ʱѾˣѾ䵽ĸѪʱӿ
ͣȥһ£Ҷ诶¹£֪ٶȲ죬æͷͺ
һҶ诶ı飬һʱЩɵˡ֪Լһ¡֮ǰС㲻˵ˣİ¹ֲϻСΪʲô˽ţ
룬Ҷ诶Ļһ·Ӧ󲽣ӱȥ
С㣬ܵӱߣͻȻһֵ⣬ϳҶ诶֡
ʱһԶҶ诶ͣ½Ų̧ͷ㿴һ߱
ͣо𣿡Ҷ诶˲ô࣬һֳۣӱȥֻǣ¹Ĵ۾ѾϣѪҺϵĴʱҶ诶Щĵı۾
ʲôˣͻȻһǶ
Ҷ诶۾ŷǶѾǰһȫװĽģݺݵǡ
𣿡Ҷ诶ڡ
󵨣»еޣЩǰӵүԵĳƽվͿԽģ
Ҷ诶վ룬һү
뿪¼һηģЩ
áҶ诶Ҳ˵ͷ˵ߡ
˵žȥ̧ͷ¹
ڸʲô¿ľٶ붼û룬̧еıӱ㳯Ҷ诶ȥ
С㣡ͽŲһƣѾҶ诶ſҶ诶ϣӲһޡ





012 ٴ

ι㣡ɣҶ诶һ죬֪ʲô£æס̧ͣͷ
С㣬ҪűʹץסҶ诶ĸ첲һָŵϵ¹˵ղԼֵ󣬡㿴
Ҷ诶ɻĵͷȥŷ¹ϾֻһֻȻ¹ѹ󣬵¶һؼ档
ô£Ҷ诶ֵʡ
¹Ҳ䵽ˡʵش
ͳ죬ǣԣ˰Ǵȥ
˵⻰ŷ֣ǰˣԼϪӣ
Ҷ诶Ҳһ㶡
ԭ㣡촽߹һǳǳЦ¹䵽𣿡
Ҷ诶ղŷԸˣ֪үҲ˵ֻǳͷ
үغ˵¿Ҷ诶һмӣЩ¹ү䵽ģôأ
û뵽ԭү£ǸϹӣҶ诶һЦ
˵ʲô´ŭ
¹ֻûп𣿡Ҷ诶뵽һӣ㲻ɵ
䵽ģǣүĵ̣еһжүģǣҲү񣬺οССһͷ¹ȻԾҶ诶ƣ˿ӰѵĿ
ߣҶ诶ЩĿȻĻҲүҲʲôöͿ𣿡
ˣ֣˵ѾûٺȥһӣǸϳȥ
գ¹ҪˣҶ诶ƿͣڿƣΪͳһ
С㣡СУ߰ɣ
ǣǸҶ诶߰°ͣϵĿⶢ£Ҿݣ
첻ǰ˲˼Ȥƣ̬ȣ񶼺ͱ˲һرǹɸ߰ʣöԼȻ뿿ĸо
ΪүͿԼ޹ϰվͲˣͿ㴦ˮۣܸۣЩ㲻᲻֪ɣҶ诶ˣɵøΪүôûϰգʲô
󵨣²ţǰС˾Ȼ˵˴治ĻֻͷЩµ£
˵䣬ЩѾһӵϡҶ诶УͻȻץס첲
С㣬ɰٱҲܲµҶ诶ΪԼһޡ
ס֣쿴͵ַҶ诶첲ϣͻȻоЩǲЩҶ诶˵ûз֮ǰ뿪
һϲҲ˲ݣһץҶ诶ĸ첲һסļ򣬼Ǽдǰߡ
Ҷ诶ˣɫһҲٷ֪һУΪԼáүʲô³
ү۾ź졣ţƽʱүվȻ˷
û˵һµıʱɱ
ͣô֣߳Ҷ诶æ͵·ϸ鿴ơ
С㣬ûµģ˭֪һ¶㿪æ·¡
ϳҶ诶Ը
һ·ϣ˶û˵ǲ˵Ҷ诶ȻżȴҲ׿ڡ
Ҷ诶ȷһΪԼޣܵ˺Լô³çΪİ룬ҲүͻԼ˿֮죬ȴпܻ۵İա
ԣԼ
С㣬ȥһصִ󺣱żӭ
ô𣿡Ҷ诶ˣЩġ
ûУûУܺáִæֻͣǣҵСİΣ
û¡ǵִ󺣻ȥֵ£Ҷ诶Ȳûиͷͣͣȥһҩ
ô£ִּæ߹ȥ
ص䣬Ҷ诶ĵڴϡ
Ƿ⽨ᣬŵȼĽ׼ƶȣ۹ȥһУĻİմѡҶ诶һһԼ˵ڿʼ³çӵȼΪȻ밲סǾͣһͨƽϰհɣ
ֵ˳Էʱ䣬Ҷ诶һҰ⳯߹ȥ
Ҷ诶ӣֽȥԭһֻè֣죬׼ȡֵʱͻȻԣһֱ
ϻҶ诶˵תתȥȻվ̧ͷ﷢ĵͺ
СèԴҶ诶ÿιÿƺѾϰĸ
ͻȻоۣҶ诶ţԭΪƽܰȻû뵽ҲԴңôأ
µſצںץҶ诶·
Ҷ诶ͷ˵Ҹô죿
ءءĺ﷢ͳĺƺҲҶ诶鲻á
˵ЩˣʵֻҪȥЩˣĺʺҡЩۣɫ磬ȥСϪϢһ¡Ҷ诶˵վİԴԹԵŶˣ
С㣡С㣡⣬㿴֮ӭ
ôˣҶ诶Ц
ˣˣ֮˵
ʲôˣҶ诶һͷˮż˵
˵ǸӣСˣ֮˷ܺͼ
ģҶ诶ҲһˣŲǿ鳡ȥ
ʵǰҰòԻʱ򣬱㷢ֻּӵĶѾܴˣʱҶ诶㻳ǲҪˣû뵽żʱ䣬Ȼˡ
С㣬ʮֻأִҲҶ诶۾˵гһ졣
壬֮һʱҪúչ衣Ǹ˵Ҷ诶ȻֺһЩǳˣǵӻԽԽģʱ򣬾Ϳȥϵľ¥Ϳջǡ壬Ժⷽ£֮㿴ô
ִƵƵͷûСԴͦġ
ãҶ诶壬֮ҳȥһ¡
֮ȥһΣ֪ϲݽϪˮȻ֮￴ôľסһ뵽С㱾ͨŮӾͲһҲͲˡִ󺣲Ϊʲôÿʱ򶼻ȥһˣæקס֮ĸ첲ιңС㵽ȥʲô
ֻ֮Ц
Ҷ诶ϪߣϪˮһֱߣҵƽʱϲϢĵطЬ࣬ѽŷŽϪˮȻȥ
۲طܰȫһСϪתĵطԶȺɽһûôԶ·ģطһȻγɵİۣ壬ÿ棬ԶĻˡ
ϲˮĸоԣÿնϢϴȥһƣ
⼸ʱһܸߵ̨סִ󺣵Ļ˵ûô󵨵ķſƤȥԷһ̣Ҷ诶Щ㣬ЩжΪʲôԼԽ˹ԼȥһЩҪˣģѾ֪ˡ
ԴͻȻһҪ⡣û˱ȥһˣҲû˱ӡˣǰһԼûôɹ
ã۾̾裬֪һֱϣŮҸڣҿԸ㣬ңĺܺãӿףӿ˷ҲӿЩα˵ľҲ˵õĹޡ
ЩңҶ诶ԽͷɢϣΪԼȥ󲿷⡣
һȥжã·֪Լ׷ģȻô򵥶е
壬ɳ̲ûҬбֻһƬҶ诶ǰϲĸСɵĽѾһһµϪˮӡ
о仰˵ĺãɲ顣
Ҷ诶֪ǸˣеĽ򣬰ү˵ʲǰȥ³ȣû뵽ʱô˳ԣңѾüˡźͽ˵һ£ƶΨһİܺ۰Ȱ˵ܵǰȥԵĵطѰүɺܼ򵥣һʱ䣬үǳңԼܵܵ裬үҲһæ
ǣִӵ³ǷҲǺҶ诶ڶμ磬졣
˵ʵЩԼĽ㻹ûм޸ʱ򣬾֪һˡսϣҵĽֱеĵоɾŻͣеĽ̳ϣ̸֮ɫţʲô⵽ϣ׬⣬Ե̼ңһƲճˣ˵϶֣ܲ
𣿡бڳϣԱһСѾСڸȡ
үУ۸ҡ󲻸̧ͷԼĻԡ
𡣡˧ûһ˿顣
Ǹֻ۸ңү˵˵үӹ˵æ֣ⲻ˵ģǸ˵ġ
ϵıȻûʲô仯ɵͼӴ˵үʲôֻȨѹˣûϰգүʲôǡ
ü΢΢⻰ôô죿
ıЩ仯￪ʼϲ





013 ޴

ʲôӣͻȻʵ
ͦÿģֻһ˳һһͲʲôöΪҪԼﶼϲУ˻㹦Сܶأ
Ӧ˵ʼﰵжϡףһʲôˣȻĲԼ𣿿ǣɲԼţղԵʱҲǸӿ۹ûоµ˼һ˿
֪𣿡ԼΪʲôͻȻǸˡ
֪֪ϲЦտүֻҪͳȥһˣͶ
߰ɣվҲֱ߳䡣
үүıӰɵýп಻òȥΪԼֻءɣ
ʵ֤Ĳ²ȷġ
үСһˣЦһź
һ˵
ǣǣҲ˵ʲôɿһƥ
սսףȻҪȥԼΪʲôһҲûд
ܿ죬壬ϪǱؾ֮·
ͣ˽ŲʹúԶĹĸɽϴҪǣЩϤ
үͣ£һϲΪı⣬˺Լȥ
ҡ仰ʩչṦСϪķȥ
ǡȻƣȴҲֻ
ǰ龰Ƭֻ̡һŮбʯϣںڵĳ棬ֻ¶͸ŷۺɫӣС졣˼ģĪһ˫㣬峺Ϫˮ°ڶˮαĹҲĵ𪽿ۡҪǣű¶ͬȳƵСȣú۹ֹסϣϡ
һ̣ЩϤΪԼŮ
⣬ɳ̲ˣƣһλϴҶ诶û뵽˿̣һ޼ɵ壬Լĸ
һλϴһϣҶ诶˫֣ૣ
ǰҲֻһ˵ʱ򣬲˵ԺʵǰԶһŮǿ˵ģֻǣ˭֪⣬ֻԼߣ
һ΢紵Ҷ诶ϵڷЩ¶ֱͦСɵıԼ΢΢ŵ˫ۡ
أҪɹأְͷŵϣ˿ûзѾһˡ
ȻӦͻȻһϲ֮ǰǸӽСܡԭǡС㡱һη֣ԼȻ˵ĺ֪
첻ɫ뿪ֻǣ϶һĨζЦ
ү󿴵Ӱæӭȥ
ȥϱһԭ·۶ȥ
֮໹һ˿ϲҪ֪黢үҲװ
ãҶ诶Ż۾̫ĵȥǲңâ
̣ҪƷоһ¡صׯɫûаҶ诶ʼͿ
С㣬ʲôģͺܿ״̬ѯԼĲ⡣
ûʲôˣҶ诶Цһ£ùڣſһ¡
͸ղʵǵڵ̨ƵİťҶ诶ԹΣѾ
Щȣû뵽ȥЩ뺷;Ȼ⳵źܺõĽԼ˵һ飬Ѿȫס˳Լơ
򣬺ҲʼʵʩԼеļƻ
ͳ죬ȴڽʿص£һЩҪһ¡װһɫĳһŰɫ˼ͣ˼š
ǣүɻȴҲҶʡүô꣬ϰ
үҪסСܼɫϲǲΰ롣֪үסԼôԺԼϸ˸ǡ¾£ԼЩС檣᲻ֳʲôһүԼǿŮ֪᲻
˵۸Ůӣÿϣ滰ûлش⣬Ҷ诶¡
ǣǡһ£֪ʲô˼
գȥһ˿ײЦԼȻڴٴμ
ǡЩɬͻȻЩڣԼһʼͲӦȥүȡ֪ΪʲôͻȻһõԤС
ͣôҶ诶ڸϣ͵ĸо
ܺã۾ֱǰǷǳãûĸоС㣬ĺøˣ
áҶ诶ĵİͷڿϣ۾ܾò˯šΪ֮ԽһͷҰҲζţµ¸취ֻҰӣɽա
ȻֳҰúҰ⽫һḶ́һһϦͿԿЧġ
ȥֿ죬ȴǸʲôүͷ޹ɱ÷¹ЩҶ诶þò˯
ԣһΣ˯ͷ֮ߵ
ǣЩ˷ܵĵһ˿͡
С㣿ߴ͵
Ҷ诶۾ԭ֪ʲôʱѾͣˣΧ˵𣿡
ǣ͵Ȼ͸˷ܣǣȥǡ
ЩЦҶ诶Ҳǡô᲻֪ЩҫȻľٶЩɣһÿʺţҶ诶ҲΪеˡ
ͣãҶ诶򿪳߳ԶԶ㿴һֵĳ棬ΧмģȻ֮Ժǿڴ
С㣬߰ɣ³ĹϳţְԿϵť
С㣬ôˣ֮ǸϤ̧ͷҶ诶Լæӭȥ
Ҷ诶ǳЦſˡô
ܺãö˶֪һ죬ԣԽԽࡣ֮˵ֿͣӣôҲˣ
ͻ˻еԿף⳵ҿġ
֮ԿɬЦһ£
Ҷ诶˵֮ҲѧֻǣҺҶ诶ڡ
֮ԣϵ׶ǵһֱôգȻһ죬绹һһɣҶ诶Ц˵
á֮ԾԼǰʧȥ˼˵ĻʲôԼԥȥ
Ҷ诶εĵͷʵ֪֮һˣֻǣԼǰǺܾн
ԶĺЩõĳſеȣ˵ЦͻȻܲرǣǸ˿۹⣬ܲˬ
үǸСӣ󿴵Ҷ诶һ
Щˣʲôϵ˧ûκεı顣
ǶһģЩ˶Ļ޺޵˵үֵӦðѺΣһ
üȷһǲҲ˵ڲͬ
⣬ô߹ȥ˵ĵһ仰ȴ۾
㡣͵һϳ죬岻ԾİҶ诶
ȴúüߵ˶̬ȣܲһ㰡
һһ룬Ҷ诶ƿͣЩĵĿԭеĽԼүͬһˡֻǣҪĻҪһЩ
Ů˹Ȼͱ˲һʹ֪Լү̬ȻǲûүĴڡ
ǣҲ̬ȣúЩΪʲô𣿡
ߣҶ诶ЦһȻǻ׹ݣȻҪһ
㣬ҷʵ㣡źߣҲǿӲ˲٣λǰү¹ӭӣ
𣿡Ҷ诶߰ͷȴһ˫ֱȭ΢΢ףү
ľٶʱԻһȺˣ֮Ժڣһʱ֪ôֱ˹ڵأߺүǧꡱǶ˲ŷӦæҲ¡
Ҷ诶ĶͻȻЦûм˰ġ񡱡
סЦ⣬һ֣ɣ
㣡ָҶ诶֪
ǿѹŭҶ诶̧ͷֱ󣬡֪Һ֮У
ϺưһȻߣĲʾĵľ⣬㣬ҵˣү
ֻǣΪʲôҪˣ˭ˣ޶˵ĶḶˣҶ诶˵˺һۣѵүͿ𣿡
ĿֻصϣЦ˵ο㻹ү
㣬˵˵Ŀһۺ죬ĺˣû뵽ǰСˣȻĲүԼү뵽ǰ˵ͱˡ
ѾŲ³¼ԵɡⷴǰŮӲ˸Ȥ֪ʲôηʲôźͱ˲һƣ
ԣڣôӦô
˻һҶ诶Ҳһ㶡˵⻰ʲô˼̽ԼүûԼô㣿
ǰ˼⡣үôˣ⣬ƽѵԼһߴˣ
뿪˼Ƭ̣Ҷ诶³֡ʲôԼȥȨơΪ˶İҲΪԼƽ





014 ɽ

ã뿪쿡ϹһĨаȵЦͻȻǰͷҶ诶ֻǣ뿪Ϊһεң
Ҷ诶û뵽ش˸ɴ࣬û뵽ͻȻԼԼȻһʱûзӦͷڶȵϢϵ㣬ôûܽӴ˵Ҷ诶мֻ֮վƿ
Ŀ㶵ݣķɢ㣬ЩֱѾָı飬תһߣ
ҲǰһĻŵǰ˲ԼĽΪүš֮񱡱
С㣬˵ʲôûΪ㣿֮ԲүΪʲôͻȻĶѵѾСŮݣͻȻһֲõԤУոտĨаȵЦԤԽԽǿң
Ҷ诶һĵΣû¡֮ԣҺȻش塣
˵󲽳ȥͿһ֮ԣҲæβȥ
ֱϳӣֱӿʼֱۣϪҶ诶ķ·ƽ
ƽϸϸĥղŵĶԼԼߵǾ仰ףʲô˼
뿪Ϊһε
ô˵ûưոݣô˵ԼҪȥЩȥԵ⣡
ֻǣʲô
ЩţҶ诶һԲҲһֱĬţҶ诶ϵĴ۸ӡ
ó𣿡Ҷ诶¶һ˿εЦֻϧܿ죬ûóˡ
ͷҧ飬ʱ̧ͷҶ诶Ǳϵָ߹ȻڡֻǣҶ诶ʱҲһ˿ƤͿɰ
ڣ̧ͷҶ诶ϵϤζ﷢ͳ
Ҷ诶§סı⼸쾫ĵĵϵƤëѾɢŽĹ󡣡һˣֻǣүΪ˶壬ͷ񣬿ǣΪʲôǲܰѵһУȨƣӴģҲֻ룬ȹԼ٣û˺ûбѣ˵أ
ȴûʲôӦֻøɾӿ
쿪ʼͳɣҶ诶ͷվڵֳҰ棬õ࣬ԣðǡ
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ŶҶ诶ӣ֮ϵĺ̲סְ
С㣬֮һסˣ̧ͷڿЦʱҲ̲סЦˣС㣬á
֮Ҷ˵ٱˣҪٽС㣬ǶѡҶ诶εĽͣȻѾǿܶΣǣûһĿڵġ
Ǻǣ֮ůůģԴС㣬ԼȫһʼԼҲ˻ŵļֵĶˣҲԼݵˡС㣬Ҳȥɣڿÿɺˣ
𣿡Ҷ诶ı仰⣬ҲͲȥǼ£վ֣֮Ϣһ£һȥ
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Ȼڴƽϣչʾ
Ҷ诶˿̲ţЩĶĳЩųĽռԦ˵ͶԳ
ǰˣתȻƹϰҶ诶Ĳţһո·֡
Ҷ诶ͣ³򿪳˳
С㡣Цŵı顣
֮ͣǰҺ˵Ķ͡Ҷ诶Щε˵ʵǣĿǰΪֹûзֶҲ˵þôͲܷΪһѷ
ǣôҵͣЩżȷС˵ģ֪ͻþһ졣
ңҲ֪Ҷ诶ҡͷԼ֪ʶûԨ̶ֳȣ֪͵ôγɵġԣЩʧȴҲ޿κΡ
ǣͺܿͻ𣿡ʹһ˿ϣ
Ҷ诶ߵǰһָʾ룬ͷͣ£ֻİҡ
⻰ʱ־ϣİĸһκܳܳľ롣һ뵽ԺпҲܿǾɥĵͷ
ҲûһϣҶ诶ļ磬˵ҵһֿԴ͵ȼϡ
ģ۾
ġҶ诶Цˣתˣˣ⡣ȻҶôһ£ȻǵҰѾˣûпǹһǶôߣ
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Ҷ诶ڴĿ֮ԣȴԼĿ⡣
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֮ڲٶĿ⣬ȴ˼ԥֻǡ
ѽ磡֮￴⸱ģͿʼż֪ΪʲôԼĸֻҪСǰͱΨΨŵŵƽʱһҲһ֮ǰǻ˵ļƻ˵С
ŶҶ诶ȤٴΰڴĿͶ֮ԣʲôƻ
ǹֳļƻ֮ڹӣ׽һЩҰúҰģȫ˶һҰõķֳǿò˶ãǾͿõȥҲϵ¥ͿջΪҡǰϷ֣Ұ˺ܶ࣬ǣȴ١ԣ׼һҰרµȥһЩ˵ԷСԺͻһרŵֳ壬ȥԣҲطûˡ
ƻܺãҶ诶͵ĿֻǣΪʲôһʼ˵أ
⡭ֿ֮ʼĿ⡣
Խĵλãԣֳһܺʵĵ·ΧܶׯԶһĳ򣬶ԲΪ͸ṩ˴ĿͻȺҲ˵кܶҪṩҰζҶ诶ԾԾԵı飬֪֮ԵļƻԼղԼĻãǣֻмƻǲеģǻҪϸƻдʲô⣬ȥ
С㣬ôǶġִ۾Цгһ죬ֻҪԸʲôͿˣǣ˵Բԣ
ԣԣ
Ҷ诶Ц̧֣ȻôУһϰһҽ̸ǵô
ܿ죬չʾ
̫бҶ诶㺹졣֮ｻ˼䣬߳˴ӣϪ߹ȥ
ɽ紵ʱоһˬֻǣɽ绹˼Ʋʣס˼µ̫ǣû̫䣬Ҷ诶ޱı۾Ϫˮ
һʯ߳ϢҶ诶ǰ





015 Ҫ㣡

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ϷƬΣ΢΢к߳һ㷢ϣǰЩԡվʲôҵ˶
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Ҷ诶͵۾ŷԲ֪ʲôʱһˡ
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ǣҶ诶û۾һûһµĴϪˮҪ񣿡
أЦʼãԼзһأÿսңʲô֣
֪֣кܶ취ֻǣ׿ڸԼ
һˡҶ诶üȵϢѾԼܽǱ򶨡ῴʲô˰ɣԼûй㣬Ժܷĵİѽ¶棬±ɡ
ûһЩϸ۲ÿһ顣
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ȻΪԼϲ𣿺һĨЦᣬҲֻϲŮˡ
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ңҸϲͶͱŮˡڻЦˡҲоʧʱ򡣲ĺ
ſңҶ诶ϡ
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졣˵֣ɿ诶ԽҰ죬ߣ졣
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ҪҶ诶վɽȥ
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Ҷ诶˼εͣ½Ųͷܲܣټ棿
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ܡͣ½ŲǺõû˵Ųһ壬ɵ֮ǰɹǸЦĿ
ҪʲôԸԼĵġ
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Ҷ诶˵ֱͦ߰תȥ
ҪΪӿıӰ󺰣һ̣˵һ㣡
ѵҪ뿪Ҷ诶ȻоȻ֪ȥһСʱ֪Լ˵ıôֻ뿪ԶԶ뿪
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ңԼˣİոô죿᲻ǨŭǣȻǽӴʱ䲻࣬ǣǣҶ诶Ѿһκһݸ顣
ڻش·ϣҶ诶Ժһֱ˼ϣԼһܺõİ취һ԰Ѻ죬һöİղӰ졣
ֻǣһֱ˴ﻹһ顣
С㣬ôˣƽ֮￴Ҷ诶üͷеʡ
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ңû¡ϵķˣɻ󣬡ǣ
ŶС㲻Ҫڷԡ˵֮߹ȥﻹ磬ȥԷɣȻһᣬ˶ˡ
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ôˣͷʵ
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Ī֮ｿЦŰһۣҶ诶ķȥ
֮Ա۾ֻо﷭һ
С㣬Щ𣿡֮վһԣϸİںꡣ
ţöˡҶ诶һЦ֮һԣô࣬ҿɳԲꡣ
ˣС㣬ҪһЩ⼸죬㶼ˡ֮۵Ŀ
֮лл㡣Ҷ诶ǰɶ£ϻŮһжΪԼ뿪Ǵκε˺ôԭԼ
ԣֻܾ䡣
ֻǣû뵽Ķô졣
һƪû3000֣ߵһٸһΡллǵ֧֣






016 

ڶһ磬ҵ˶İܿ죬һ֧ѵصĶΧס׼ȥҰõĴ񣬵ȻҶ诶ҲС
үǧ֮꣡ǰĴѾڵأһԵҲæ
ֻһӰȻͦм䡣
ˣǱļϸգүǰ鰸һȴֿ˻ͲµҶ诶׵ĺ뿪ѣԼų²ߡ
ܣСǼϸ⻰֮վҶ诶󣬡ү죡
Ѿ㹻֤ݣ֤ݣ쿴֮ԵĶɫһ䣬˸ӱ£ɱ⣡
ʲô֤ݿ֤֮ȴ˿ϣͦվҶ诶ǰһּη
һкʸʱۿѱú
֮ԡҶ诶
С㣬Ҳκ˺㣬Ҳᣬκ˴㣡֮Դ˿ֲ̾õԤԽԽǿңֱСʲôϸүڸ
ʲôү˼´Ӻվ˫Ѿڽϡ֪үУʶЩүǣȻ˹Ҵ£е˶
ǾСǼϸϵģִҲվ˳֮ԲվҶ诶ǰ
ҲţҲվŹҪץС㣬ȹһأ
ǲţǲţվ˹ŰҶ诶Χм䡣
Ҷ诶һڱԼĸˣǵľٶʱ֪롣
ǣȴһֽůĶϪһһĽѡ
ı飬Ŵľٶһ˿ײЦںǡҵߣ
ѲͨϸҪɱͷĴȻִԲҲֻܰɷˣһһӣе˶ȥ
Ҷ诶εı۾֪ԼѾ޷ӿˣ̫ñ˵㡣
Һߣȴܼᶨ
С㣡ǼȾԻ
С㣬ôǼϸ֮Ըż붼ûһץסҶ诶֣Ǽϸô˶Դǣôôϣô˵ô־ô˿˵⻰ЩףǰӲȥҾĻҲ㣡
ԣ뱣һһ㲻ܺʲôϵֻҪ߿úõģԼѾ㣡
С㣡ִסҶ诶һֻ֣ͷƴҲҪȫ
С㣬ҪǷϻˣеĹ˻Σͺƴˣ
ͣҶ诶ס֣һס͵ĸ첲³ç
үִ󺣻һӣӲǹٸٵѹǰգҲ裡ǽ죬ǸҶСһëִ󺣾ǣƴҲҪС㣡ִ󺣴˿̾ΪҶ诶һֱͦˣһֱηȨƹټҽа壡
壡Ҷ诶ֻæסһָ̣жٴδԼңԼĵĹȻûдԼߣĻǨŭЩ޹İա
Ҷ˵Ҷ诶΢һ˼·˵ǲǼϸǵƾһ˵ͿԶġǣôȥүҪҵˡ
ԣұߣһжˣһġΥ˵ĻҶ诶Щˡǣ֪˵Щǻʲôɵ
С㣬Ļֱˬ͵һڡ
ᣡҶ诶ĵͷʲôʱƭǣ
ǣҲģ֮ϧĿ뿪Լߣ
֮ԣ壬Ҷ诶һ˿ЦݣԺֳļƻҪһʱһյġòãһ
Ҷסһ仰ͬЭ־ɳǣֻҪһŬûʲôģҶ诶۹һһɨˣԺǶҪౣأϣһʱӭҵģŲõЦݣ
С㣡˷׷׵ͷʡ
֮뿪ڣǿϵĿЦǿƵүԼʲôһ̣úԼԼΪ
һۿһУ֪Լһ壬߶ˣ
ͣˡҶ诶ļ򣬡ֻǣҪΪǶһЩ£𣿡
С㣬ҪĺӣҲȦ
Ҷ诶Ŀ֮ϣȴЦӯӯĿԼ֮
С㣬ʲôú˵֮סĸ첲
Ҷ诶Щ֣ȴҲֻܳһЦ
ˣ
ҪҲԣҪӦҼҶ诶̧ͷư
˵ѵãҲһЩ
һǸģɧŶˣڶ뿪һʱ䣬Ҫұ֤аյȫҶ诶òϣֻʮСׯԼĲ¡κһ˻߱۸㶼Ҫ𣡡
Щ𣿡Щеķ˵أͻȻġһ뵽Ͼ뿪ҲȻˡ漴ŤͷԸ£ͳ죬Ըȥ˭۸İգԷҪ
ǣȻүôӦ»Ǳȭ
УҪһѺһ뿪Ҷ诶˵⻰źһ֣˹
Ҳ⣬
ֻǣڼ֮󣬳һеѣȻһֻͻ
Щ⣬ȴǰ̧ӡֻǣҶ诶һǰ¶࣬죬Щ˲Σֻܴӵȥľ̶棬ЩʿԶԶ̧ľŰ̧
һҪסҵĻԺûٸ۸ǣԣǸҪúõҶ诶һЩˣԼᣬתȥ
С㣡˭֪֮һץסĸ첲
֮Ҷ诶ֵĿ
С㣬Ҫ㣡֮˵
֮ԣҶ诶󾪣̧ͷ֮ԣ죬֮ȥ
С㣬㣬Ҳġ֮ԽҶ诶εĿʱó
ôУҶ诶ˣ֮ɵѾͷһˣôܸң
óСѾͷͦãҾ㵽ҲҪһչˣϤˣǸã̡
ڴĿ⣬֮Լ֣Ҷ诶εĵͷ
ͳ죬Ҹ˴ָ֮ȻһסҶ诶
˲Ŀ£Щ۶ȥֻĳ鱯ʹĶ˵ϡ
һ£ʼڶƪƪҲʼŮ֮鰮׶֧Ŷյһֻ2800ңߵ





001 

ÿҶ诶˵
õȥͷߣֲֵĴƣ𣿡
Ҷ诶ִ̧ϣ޺³֣ɣ
Ϊ㣬ɣҲˡ첻ŭЦֻǼɫأִ뿪
һԾһԾǰıһһµţߵĻҲʼ
ܵٶԽԽ죬첻ĵٴΰַŵ䣬ΣȴûʲôӦ
ĵĵͷȥȴĮǰһһεĴ۾ӿ
ͻȻоһۡ΢΢ı㿿ǿ֮ϡֻǣļֱͦţʾĸ߰;ǿ
Ҫģڿʼһúõİ㣡ͷ˵δŮ˵黰ֻǣճڣԼסδйĸоŻŮӵᣬĪģһӺǻˡ
Ҷ诶۾ʲôаˣ檳Ⱥ˰ɣȻԼ˵һĨĵЦֻǣĿɬȴԽԽŨң
һ̣ΪԼûԼȻ£ɱģԼȻ޵ֿȨϵĳһŮӵԭ΢С΢СԺԲƣöİвԼ£ԼҲӲġ
Լֻʲô£
ʵ²һصϰҶ诶סԼԷ
С㣿֮ӵĿҶ诶ף˵СշǣΪʲôסôõķ䣿ô󣬴ûмĸۡһ·߹Сˮ̨ͤ¥ΪԼһ㡣ΪҪȥĵطʪĴΡ
֮Ҷ诶¶εЦʵҲǼϸֻǣүңԣİ취
үС㣿֮ૣǾ˵ҪȢС
Ҷ诶ü£Ѿʤ˰ɣҲ֪Ҳ޸
С㣬ô֮ƺڲ׹ŭ⣬⣬ǿŮʲô𣡡
û𣬡Ҷ诶ĵڴϣ֮ûɣ£Ϣһᡣ
С㣬֮ϢͿˡ֮һԵĵϣֵĿķӦΪʲô£С㻹һ̩Ȼӣ
ó֮Ҷ诶ȴĽʲôΪ̫Ĵۣı£ҲԽԽ
ȳȥ˽֮˵
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ͷһЦ̧ߵߣڴϵҶ诶诶ʲôôǲŻᶼƴ㣿
֮ȥϢһ°ɣһᱣԼҶ诶۾۵Ŀ
С㣡֮ǼĲģҶ诶Ŀ⣬ֻܵͷ૵ðɡ
˵꣬һͷ߳˷䡣
诶ɵߣһͷһִ䣬
Ҷ诶ÿ֣ҺۣϢˡ
Ǻǣ֪ҲһִӺסߵֻǣҵķ䡣
Ҷ诶վߵſڵĵط鷳㣬ⰲһ䡣
쿪˫֣ЦҸ㰲ŵķ䰡õķ䣬ô㲻⣿
Ҫ˵ڶ顣Ҷ诶˵⻰ȥš
ǸСѾͷȥ˯񷿣Ŀڡ
ʲô˼⻰ɹֹҶ诶˫š
㲻˯ôҪȥ˯񷿡һ˿⣬𣿡
Ҷ诶ȴ˵žֱ߳ȥ
㣡쿴ıӰֽճȭ
㵱治׷˳ȥʵҪ֪ܵԷޣĪҡ
Ҫ˯񷿣Ҷ诶㿴һԲס򷿼֮
С㣬û°ɣ֮߳æץסĸ첲´
ô̵ʱ䣬Ϊʲôһ
㣬ҪǸ۸ҼС㣬Ҿ͸ƴˣ֮ϣǣ漰СϣԼ¸
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ʲô£Ҷ诶ͣ½ŲҲûһ˿¶ȡ
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Ҿ㣬òҪң쾡ѹԼŭ˫ֵĹؽΪʼס
ֻǴӦѡģʲôҲûгŵҶ诶ŭ⣿ֻǣҲһˣôᱻİŵܵļޡҲŭ㣬ֻǣҲϣ㲻ҪǿҲϲ顣
ȻԼ˵ȻԼŭ⣡ң˵ʱһֱԼǣģŮ˵ĻȻôеŭԽԽȴ֪ο磬ֻúĿⶢĺ󱳡
ã˶û˵
ڣڡ
ܲɸˣȥ񷿣ɽȴһ˿ƣ
Ϣȥĵطܵı۾ƣԼĪۡ
ллҶ诶һ£̶תھʱ˵֡
תԼķ䣬ִ̧ԵһӡԼȻһŮ˴ܣңͷһΣԼȻûз
ǣĻҪ
ԣҪȥһˣȥйŭԼ
ֻ2600һЩҪŶ





002 Ӧ

ۣϵģԼϵġ
ûиоô۹
Ҷ诶ŴϣòϣŴĵԼһȥ㲻Ե˵ҪϢʱûоܾ
ֻǣܿóǿҵռ֪ΪʲôûǿԼԼÿһ춼ôˡþһ죬Լʧһ졣
ȻͶ鰮ǲĤҲôȥ⡣ֻǣĵ׻ϣһ죬һЩ
ʵصʱǰʱֻ֣ǣҶ诶Լôôۣһǵڶϡ
ԼȻδ˯ôã
֮һ˶ûУҶ诶ﾹЩҡǸѾͷԼôԼܵ˺
֮ûӦ´Ь˳
֮ɵôһЩ
С㡣֮ԶԶĴ
Ҷ诶һЦԼĶɺͲ¼ɡ
С㣬ˣ֮һ̣ǼµСġ
ȥ߽Ҷ诶ҲתͬǰС
һ磬˴ȥιۣ˵ϤȻִȥ˳ЩС㡣̷֮ŵϣЦӯӯĿС㣬ȥϴһ°ɣˮѾ׼ˣ
ȳ԰ɣҶ诶˵ëʼϴ
ǸСԵģ֮ҳԡҶ诶ϴ֮߹ϴë
֮֮ôأҶ诶˵Żһܣһ̨Ϸһӡ
֮СԶС㡣֮ȻЦģ߹ȥҶ诶졣
֮ˡҶ诶һ߸ߵβϵĳһԵ˧
Ҷ诶֣֮ǰ£˵ҵһοӽ쿪ʼֻһԣûôأ֪𣿡
š֮￪ĵĵͷӹҶ诶ݹһġ
С㡣ߵһ
֮æеĸ㣬ǰȥš
ǣŴ򿪣ȴû˼
үԸҹСͶġһСѾߣ󣬻ˡ
֮Ҷ诶΢΢ͷ˽
С㣬һЩΣүرԸһ͸ССѾ߰ϵ·ŵϣֻͷ˵Ѷ°ɣ
ܿ죬ϳһɫͷ׵硣
ǽһϣ˸ʽ鱦Ρ
Ҷ诶ۿһУǰѶԺſڣֻ֪ϻ
ղž⣬һ¾ͳȥãǾˡ
ܼѾԸǰϻ̧ˣӦϾ͵СѾߵͷ˵
ǳûʲôҰζȻүôܲܿ˰
үγȥԣ˺ܶСѾʵش
ûҰ
С
ҿԷԸ˸͹𣿡ԱιĶ쵽ڣһˡ
үԸֻҪСҪ󣬶Ҫ㡣СѾ˵Ź񣬡ūȥǡ
ʱϤĺ⴫Ҷ诶첽߳ȥ㿴̧Ű߹
ŵͿˡҶ诶ָǷ£ǰ§סͷ˰ɣһ°¾Ұˣ
Ҷ诶ٿ꣬ͺ˼Դĸ첲
ʣλҶСɣһλƵ΢΢Ҷ诶
ǡҶ诶ͷĿȴȻͣڰϡ
ү˵ˣСʲôҪģܷԸҡ֪С㡭
ǿҰ͹Ϳˡδ˵Ҷ诶ĻûʲôҪģԻȥˡ
ǡܼһ֣˽ĵ¡
ŮӵƹȻһ㣡ֲү˵ӣסԷǴ׼κŮүеĵλⰡ
ܼЩӿŲųȥ
֮ЩɣҶ诶ŰԱŷĵĻص䡣
ǡ֮￴Ŵϵô·Լϵ鱦Σһʱ֪ô֣üҶ诶С㣬Щŵȥ
ɣǱ߲кܶˡҶ诶Щ̵·Цһվӵ鱦үǴ󷽰Щ鱦ֻ¶һҲòꡣ
ܿóЩ鱦ǾƷЩҲϺõ˿ֻϧԼϲ
֮һЩͳͳҶ诶ɵŴϡ֪ԼʲôģֻǾ˼
˼β뿪
ԼԶûᡣǣҶ诶֪ԶֻЩ׼ˣԣԼҪʱ׼ţ
С㣬ǾôʱһĹȥһԵ̲֮ס˼į
֮ʲôҶ诶Цſ
͸ǣ֪ôˡ֮Ͼǵһ뿪ң֮͸¶СŮҺ͵ǡ
֮ǰͻȥ𣿡Ҷ诶ߣӵڻܿˡ
С㣬Ҳܻȥ̧֮ͷҪС㡣
֮кܶ²ǿƿصġҶ诶еĿɬο˵Щ鲢ҪҪǣԶҪǰ··жôô᫣ҪһֱȥʹƿţҲԼһƬա
С㣬֮ƶǶĵͷҺһ߰ɣҲѣģ
ԣ۷ʲô£ǶӦúúûšҶ诶ЦˣһСԴˣ˵֮벻ʶ֣
ڶʱ֮ÿ϶̴ʶ֣֮ߵһһУҶ诶
Ȼ֮ϲĵͷ̵ЩѲԼ֪죬СҪԽԼ
ôǴιһ֪鷿Ҷ诶ǣ΢Цſ
Ҷ诶Ц֮оůůԼͷһɨ⡣
һƣʱ򣬿յķĪĿʼֻš
Īǣˣһ˫Ŀʱ͸⣬򣬿첽߳䣬İģƺŷһЩ
ûߣôȥ
ÿβԻһϵԼȥһΣԼĲɡЩĿʱԺһֱ
ԶһУȲԷȴûпӰ
С㣬仰ʲô˼
ͻȻһڶ鷿𣬺üɿ󲽳鷿ȥ
֮еҲҲеҲɲҲҶ诶仰̧ͷ֮֮Ҹ㽲°ɣ
ŵֶ˰У֪ὲһʲôĹ¡
ӺһԺѣһ죬ɳĮΪһӴһƣӰдɳ̲ϣұӴһơߵһطΪһ¾һӰʯͷϣҵӾһԱߵ˿˺ܲ죬ӣΪΰѱдɳ̲ϣѱȵʯͷأ
Ҷ诶һԵ֮֮֪еԭ𣿡





003 в

΢üͷҶ诶ֿڵҺ˵鲻ԤϵģҲһЩʹͷաʵʹͷյģǱˣԼʹͷգԴǶ̬ȣ̬ҪںܶʱԱ˺Ǳѧ⡢ѧݡѧȻ⡢ݡȻлֹۣǰС
ڣǸΪʲôҪΪҪѧǣдɳ̲ϵ֣һʲôҲûˣֵøжĶʯͷϣһġҶ诶ĿֻصǱϣ仰˵˶жµʱǧԼжڱ˵ʱǧҲǸǣӦ֪ͼʩ󡣡
С㣬Ҷˡ֮ͷ
һ֪ͼʩ󣡡찵޵û뵽һŮӣȻ˵ػ
诶Ŷ룬㿴Լ񲻰ġס
Ҷ诶ջؿĿ⣬ͷ̾һû˵
֮һæȴҲ򺣰
ȳȥ
֮￴Ҷ诶һۣһͷ߳š
诶ߵߣ̧°ͣϰ𣿡
ʱŷ֣ȻŴǰ·ͷҲֻǼ򵥵
Ϊʲôûл·һͷԸǰ·͹Ϊ֪ϲʲôɫԣ·ÿɫ׼һסЩ鱦ΣһҲû
Ҷ诶ƿ֣ش𣬡ϲ
ϲ쿴һȻģЩ֪֪ҵûһŮ˵Ĵȴ˵㲻ϲ
Ҷ诶ЦһǲǸøжʹ飿ǣߵͷл
ͻȻһסԼжл⡣
ﰵѾ˽ϨԼϵΪʲôֻԼȻ˷ǳǿҵ
Ҷ诶߰ͷʹԼϣſң
쿴̲סͷ뼳ȡϵۡ
Ҷ诶͵̧ȣĵ壬ֻһҽУõ˽ѡ
㣡˫Ƚգ壬ŭӶ
ϣ㲻ҪǿңʹģҶ诶֪м죬Ե޷Ҳ֪Լʲô¡
ֻ֪Ҫһ£˽һͷأ崫ĵʹ컹вȥϢ
Ҷ诶ɫһޱ߽ĸ첲ͷƹȥԼļϡ
һϲİߡִļϣ岻ɵ£ͷŵ㡣
߳鷿Ҷ诶ȴ֪ҪȥԵһѳҶ诶Ϣķȥ
Ȼ崫ʹŭ޼ͷģ̲ס͵Цĵİѹϵջء
ҴȣŴϣһ߷緶
Ҷ诶εĶӣ˫ճȭһһµĴš
Լʹܻ˵˳⼸첻۷磬Ҳ֪ˡ֧ͷĲһĨЦ
Լܻ˵ƽôԼʲôأҶ诶۾һĨ̵ʹ
ôвʣ쿴ı飬һ̧°ͣȴ˫ۡӣǵһ㣡
һ鲻Խͷĵ£ԽԽ˫Ĵ
оȵϢҶ诶۾ʱв̧־Ҫ
һס󣬻ЦſΪ˶İգòҪҶ
ɣҶ诶һκ޺³֡
˵Ϊ㣬Ҳˡ˵⻰ֿһЩıѾҶ诶ıǼ⡣ԣ㿼Ƿǡܣ
˵⻰ſǽ޵Ĵ
Ҷ诶ֻ£˫ҧء
˫⣬ɨһŽСɵıݡѲֵ䣬΢һҶ诶ϡָɦҶ诶̲סֻ϶һ໬Ŀڡ
ı˫ۣΣ˳
ķ㣬Լĸ޼ɵĿʼȡҪĶȻ彩ֱ˫ֽճȭ
ֱϿʼȣֱ崫ĵʹ뿪Ĵ
֣ȴȻ뿪䣬ǰԼţղһţ£̲סҪ
뵽˫ۣȴɽ˫۽һֱߡ
诶̲סЩۣ뿪丧ΪĨȥۡ
ȴûѣٴζӣʼȡ
һαܣĶԼŭǣӣԼۣ
ȥ·о彥û˸ղŵʹҲ뿴㴩
Ҷ诶򿪹ӣóһ·ͳȥ
ﻻԵ
ֱͦļٴĿڣǰ
Ҷ诶ͣסŲζӳ¡ϴʹͷŷԼѾ·Ĳϡ
·Ҳᴩȶ˵仰
ǰԵ
Ҷ诶ҧ´һ
磬Ҫȥ˼ǵˡ˫ַԺյĿ
һת壬ޱߵߡ
αأվȻʹΪЩˣֵ𣿡
ʲôҶ诶ƽ
·㲻ᴩô·ùŷָؽѾףæУЦĿô㴩
Ҷ诶һû뵽˵Ļ۾֣ȥ·ã֮Ҵ
ôְֲ·ڴϣ֪ҵƢܱ꣬Ҳ֪һʲô
˵ţѾʼҶ诶¿ۡ
ĻɹҶ诶ٶԡ۾ĴԼϡΪΪ
Ľë΢΢ţռ뷨һϮĴԣҶ诶ΣҶΪҵŮˣۣʲôİ취
£¶ڿСǣֵ鹵ͻȻúһ
Ǽ·סĵĴϡΣ޺޵ĿڣǸСѾͷ·㴩ãȥ
Ҷ诶۾̲סϵ·ת߳䡣
ŶϷţǽϣһΪܶණԼѾ⣬ԭġ
С㣡֮Ｑܹҵ
·ôҶ诶Цһ£ָָϲ





004 

ιҡڴϣǸԼӰ
Ҷ诶óǼ·һǳɫɴȹĲüʵĳ룬ĵ£˵ԸˡرǲӯһյСú۹һֱͣϣ뿪
磬ڴˣֱ׳ķԸҶ诶Ǹ΢Ҷ诶ԥı飬ͻöյв
ο㺦ҳչҲӦõġָԼ壬ȻҶ诶֣ιҡ
Ҷ诶˵ֻǿʼʰϵ꣬ǷŽһ˵ԡ
ĵƣűչ˵Ȥ
Цһ˼ǳԷĵſڡ׽۹ȴһֱû뿪
ȴûһ㣬ͷһʢһף͵Ŀڱߡ
̲סһ֪ΪʲôΪԼǣﾹһСιķҲر㡣
Цһչͣա
ŵֶڰգʼ΢΢Ĳ
ţ˫̣һȴɬ΢Цϣ֮һþӨδջ䣬ϡ
诶̲סָ̧Ҳӡ˾յǵϡ
ˣԼԡоһϵıȴЩۡ
һ£ȴʳ֪ζ
ףԼǲǶԵģ˵ԼһֱɵвǣûһŮԼôǿҵռҲûһŮһĽǿеŮ˶ӭȡģûԣ֪Լȥõˣġ
ôԼһð취֮ǰʱôȥɣ
ԹȻû뿪ļڴϣڴߡ
诶ҵ֡˷ܵ
졣һ㶣˿û
ҽһ壬ԼĶߣἰĽУҵ诶
ļͦøֱ˫ַڶ֮䣬ĽӽȴȻƽ졣
ɱɺҲãˣԼ
ôԸ⣿쿴˫ֺب֮䣬õʡ
û˵ֻĵİַ¡
Ź˳㵹΢ͷ°ͱĶϡ
ҵӣòãά˺þãͻȻڡ
ѡȨ𣿡Ļȵģǣȴĺ
ûУӵֻܴӦ
ҴӦ㣬ϵĻش𣬡ֻǣҲҪӦһ
˵ֻҪӣôˣģԼʲôܴӦأ
ҪǿҲϲ£֪ԼѾ㲻ôŬȡһɵĿռɣ
ô򵥣򵥵ǵķΧ˼ĵͷãҴӦ㡣ôһ׼һУܿͻһʢĻ񣡡
Ҷ诶վôҲϲ
һ㶣ҲУ
ֱһֻصĻ˵ҲûбҪվ
ү˵㻰
Ȼԣ
ôٴδվҲϲƣԣҪǿң
ʲôŮ˾Ȼ˵ϲԼôĲϲǲҲ˼ǣһү뱧ԼҲҪͬ⣿
ү׿ڴӦģôҪڰɣҶ诶
ᣡ޺³֣ܵȥ˭˵ڣѾڵҧԼͷˣԼղôӦôʣ
ôү뿪Ҷ诶߹ȥ򿪷ţޱ顣
㣡͵ָûаү
ѴӦӣҪôҶ诶ĿѾʼòͷү뿪
֪жŮҪӣȴһģ´ŭ𣬡ҵŮˣʹ𣿡
ҲϡҶ诶³ĸ֡
һץסĸ첲ݺݵ۾գҪΪ˵Ļۣ
ںģǶİգҶ诶ηĿҲвҵΨһʱûʱΪһʲô
£ϣ˵ĺܶԡûвʱôô죿
뿪Լ
ͻȻúһץĸ첲ҲɿĿǰܽ뿪ʵԣһӵŭҲֻ
ǣұˣҪɣǿԼƽֿʼˣ
ֻҪ㲻ֵľٶұ֤˵㡣Ҷ诶ֱߵ£ǿӲ̬Ⱥ͸ղŵ˳֮ǧ
áڴӦȴ̡ΪԼ˺Լĵڶλ𣿺ο˺ĵط˵ġ˵ĸ
ȻӦǿ㣬ǣ찤£Ҳ÷һôɣ
ү
δҶ诶˵һƮ˹һǵ
ƶүǧꡣ΢΢Ƿ򺣰
ô¶һ˿Ц⣬ǰŮˣ֡
ƶ˵ү춼æү壬˲ү͹˵⻰ѾĴϣ۵˫Ҳ˺첱ϡ
ƽ⡣§ļ˶˷Ӧ֮ģȴżʹ
үﲻʣƿ˫üǵʡ
ûУûСЦţܲܺ˵ΪԼŮӶɣ
λǡƵĻʵص㡣˵үһˣһʲôˣȴû˸¶ϢãүȻޣңôķ
ǣģԷһЩ˵үһλŮӣҾסԷ
żԷһֱүԼססҲֻޣδ޹ǵһʲôŮӣȻү
ԣˡ
Ҷ诶ԺǾǽˡ쵭Ľܡ
ѽԭðƿŵĴӺ뿪ҪҶ诶֡
Ҷ诶վ˫֣û£λ뿪
ãôү˵أƼһ㶣Ц绨Ǵ󲻾
ӡһǱɽˡүϲĿŮˣرڡϡưһ
죬ҪӦҵ¡Ҷ诶˵⻰ֱߵ⡣
εҡͷסƵߡ
ֻǣҪһ취ӱƽʱܵ˶Ϊ޷۷硣
죬ԣϻٸһΣߵ






005 

Ҷ诶˿ϧϰ˿ϣڵϣ⻬ƤëˣգҾͷߡһˣҪɣɣҲһİɣԲ֪Һ˽˽İô졣
Ҷ诶Цһ£ͷϣǣֲ㣬֪жϲ㣿ϲİϲĸ߹ϲ֮磬УĵƤĿɰԣĺߡǣ֪㲻ƽ磬ӦĴԭӦïܵĴ֣ǣССӣ
֪˶ãľģҶ诶һȻվеԿ״漴ӵš
룬æϣϵûؼҵ·𣿻УҰų򲻿ˣ֪𣿡
ֻԴԼûצ֮ƣҶ诶˼Ƭ̣Ǵš
ɣڿʼˡȥץסԴϵë⳶
յŷ߳˶ϵëХһȻԴʹҶ诶ϲ䡣
߰ɣߵԶԶģҲҪ׽֪𣿡Ҷ诶ӣ§Դᡣ
߰죬κζҶ诶żֿʼȴһ
᲻𣿡Ҷ诶ǿŲԼ£վ߰ɣɵղļң֪𣿡
˵⻰תܻط䣬ĵĹ˷š
һͻȻ⴫
Ҷ诶æ򿪷ţȴ֮ϽǾ֮ɫ
˳Ŀ⿴Ҷ诶ŷ֣Ȼſڣɹ̫
СС㣬ôôˣ֮Ա۾˫ֺһţС㣬ңҺ¡
֮Ҷ诶Ц߹ȥס֣£㿴㡣ڣµġ
ǣ֮Ÿ۾ôģ
ҷųģҶ诶Цһ£ߣǣԸ뿪
СôãȻ뿪֮ŵ֣ȥˣ˻Ұȥˣ˻ϴС̫ˣԣ뿪ǣ㻹ǰɣ
Ҷ诶ͷһۣҲ۾ԼĿﾹ
治뿪𣿡Ҷ诶߹ȥĴԴ
ءԴֱҶ诶䡣
֮Ĳ뿪ҰҶ诶˵һѱסҪһ𣿡
̫ˣ̫ˣҶ诶ָƤëһ󼤶
С㣬֮СĽУɣ
ҲˣҶ诶ͷ֮֮㲻Ҫ£˵ġ
ңУһǺ¡֮ﾪʧİ֡
Ҷ诶Цһ£վһ°ԴŷȥǰҲʵĸ
С㣬Ҳҽ֮æţֻһСķ쳯Ҷ诶
ԲŶֻίһˡҶ诶Ƕ·ҳһϵϵĺܳܳĳϼȦڰĲϣȻϡ
С㣬𣿡֮ﵣǵָŰǸӣ᲻ܴһô죿
Ҷ诶һѰֵ֮ҲһιΪʲôô£
ô󣡡ֱ֮Ȼţϻž֣ҾǺôĶ
ιξͲˡҶ诶ֶӣѰ§סʵû뵽ȻԸߡ˵ôԣҧġ
ˣ㵽ȥˣҶ诶ʱ񺣰Ժ󣬾ûп
С㣬ұܼҽйȥˣ˺ü˽ױ磬һֱڲһ֮Ҷ诶С㣬Ǹүûжôɣ
ûСҶ诶ЦҡͷֻǣһûУһҲôˡ
죬Ǻƽ졣ʱ䣬Ҷ诶Լ麣֮С鷿ڵ鼮Ժܹ㣬ܿҶ诶Сָ֮ѧϰιʱ䣬ʱһ飬Ʒһȹһʱ䡣
ˣҲֻǾһԿʱ㷢ʱСֻ֣ǣҶ诶̧۵ʱͺٺٵĻЦÿʱ䶼ߵʱ򣬻Ҷ诶עһǡҶ诶뷢ƢʱȴѾԼǰʧ
һֱ죬ϲĳ߹˫ַļϣ诶һ˵Ҫ㡣
Ҷ诶˵Ϊ֪˵ȥ
ҲȷϰĳĬ۾ֿڵеĶ׼ˣϯ¡죬ǾͰã𣿡
ô᲻֪Էһã˴Ķ˴ĵŴϣѻ˴ı졣ļ£ϼİڷڴϡ
Ҷ诶ĿͣϣĻȴɹһҲȥˡһ죬ˡѵԼҪ
Լʹް飬ʹ޶ˣȴԼ޸һƵүǲһܴķ̣
á۾Ϊ˶ˣѡ
ҵôʹࣿգͻȻһʹΪԼŮˣ⼸æýͷöΪʲôֲǵһУԣûаЩĹȥԼΪû뵽Լ༸컻ģȻĲΪ
㻹ҪʲôҶ诶۾𴦣ѾӦӣѵ𣿡
ңĮȻģˣһ°ֱͣԼҪЦҪ˵ļ޸ң⸱ģ
ϲŮӣΪβңҶ诶żᶨͲɵĽ˽Ľҵˣѵ̤ҵδ⣬̫̰
ĻɹúŭٴǰŽСݺݵĵͷĴ
ϣ˫һ˲䱻ץס˫ҲεĹ̶һֻֻ°ͣǣ޴ѡ
ԣֻſҧȥ֮һ˵Ŀǰȴֻһ£Ǹȡۡ
Ҷ诶ȴûٴҧһ׺ݵŮˣѪѾ̣ԣֱֻܳǡ
ûŮӸ˵ûŮӸûŮӸҾܾǡϴݺݵԼһţԼ첻𣬽죬ȻҧԼ
Ҷ诶սԣҶ诶Ҫ֪ҪĶûеòģҶ诶Σ죬ҪΪҵŮˣ
Щ˿ԵǣµŮ彩ӲŮûлӦģԼȻ᲻뿪ůĴķ㣬Լղܣ룬֪ԼҪĸ࣡
۵
ڣһ죡Ҷ诶µڳܲס˵رǺԽԽ͵壬ʹӺѡȥ
һ̣쾹Ȼԥ֣ʶķҶ诶ԺԱ˺
ǣڽֻǣ˵ȴӼһ㣬ϰڵϵĿϣ°ϡ
ȴֻǶһ̣ܰȻȻŽɫ٣ûԡ
ûУҶ诶Ŀڡ
һҲһֳֻ°ͣ۾Ȼͣϣû˵
Ҷ诶һǳ
诶ĽĴս֪жˣ
Ҷ诶Ա۾ȥ
ϣҵˣˣ壬˳Ҷ诶ջﻬľǣ£Ҳҵġ
Ҷ诶ͻȻһѾڵϵֳԱߵȥ˿ûзһˤڵءҶ诶ûͷҲص߳鷿
һԾվҶ诶߰ıӰ̧ŵӣ
Ҷ诶վסܻĽС
߹ȥһѾסȴһҲڿС
ء֪ܳվҶ诶Ŀ
ߡҶ诶Դʵĵͷ˷䡣
صĹϣĽ⡣
Ҷ诶޺޽֣˫ֽճȭźĹâ
үƷ˺ϡ
ŻͬգȴǺòǸŮˣһٶսԼԣԼȻ޲ߣ
үյҪãƵﺬһ˿⣬޸үʱôųһϲգͻȻǸŮֳв
ղлˣ޺˵仰ǱĴǰ˿ϧš
Ŷ﷢ܿΪ˷Ӧ˵ģǺǾ䡰첻л񡱡
ǰŮҲǰŮҲһҪģŮ˵飬˵ķɧԼοȥѾĻһŮ˵Ļģ
뵽Ȳ˺·̧ȣһͦ
˳صĴϢŮ˽ϵĴӷﴫҹһ֮С





006 

һ磬ҵĽŲҶ诶һ£˳
ʲôȴ͸ϡ
ūŵȷү֮Щȥܼҵͷش
ǰҷĶҲʰ˰ɣҶ诶䲻׷ʲô£ⳡӦòˡĪģһ
ǡܼһ֣СѾ߽뷿䡣
żУǼ˷ɱ
Ҷ诶ǸһЦת뷿ѰǣŶ˵ˣȥɣ
ǼСѾžֵٴν뷿䡣
С㣬ȡ񣿡֮Ŵ۾Ҷ诶
ǰҶ诶ϹһĨЦĵ˵
Ϊʲô֮ＱˣȻȢСǾͷ߰ǣʲôֲܸСһְ֣ռŲС뿪СԺôˣ
֮νģҶ诶Ϊż֮Щж漴סҷС֣οʵҪġ
ʲô֮ٶ۾ףŮ˵ֲҪ𣿡С㣬ô룿Ժôˣ
ĺ⻰ٴηĹâȻ˵ҪģôԼȡ𣿶ңСѾͷ˼ԺҪ޸ˣ
֪Ϊʲô仰úĪһᡣⱲӣߣҪ뻹Ҫ޸ˣ
֮ҴûҪˡҶ诶Цҡͷ֪Լô֮͡СԼܵ˺ܵԼ裬Լӡǣʱ˵ľ飬һģôȥأ
֮סС˵ûҪˣʲô˼ѵСҪ
С㣬򲻿ɰæסҶ诶֣С㣬Ҳң
ңҶ诶ü漴̲סЦ˵Ҫ𣿡
ǣС˵ˣǡ֮żĽͣɿҶ诶Цַô˵С㲻ң
ûǺǣ֮治֪СԴЩʲôҶ诶ЦȻ뵽һҡ
Ц̲סŶ룬ǣҶ诶ĵЦһ³ǰ
һ̣ףʲôЦ绨
µüûƽʱΪĶŵ۾Ե͸ŷɫ΢΢ſ̣¶׵ıݣҲΪЦ˵һΡ
һ̣һģһ˼ӣôаôôЦա
ֻǣܿ죬
Цݽϣ̧һЩҵķ˿ѻһ顣
ΪЦģҲڿı仯Ժ󣬽ƽ֮ģȻһߡ
һҲں񣿡߹ȥʾ֮뿪
Ҷ诶֮ͷ뿪ſڣҲҪģ𣿡
ǣǣһںＲֻǣȴһ˿Ц⣬ûбҪΪһô¡صĻŮӣһ֣дѵҵĻƽϣǺαأ
ô˵ͨˣҶ诶վҿ뿪𣿡
ôȲ뿪Լǿŭ⣬Ŀڣ뿪ûôףʹûлҲҵŮˣû֮ǰ뿪
ֺαأҶ诶תȥ뿪һм㡣
ҲҪĸмǰȥļ򣬡УҲ׼㱳˵
ΣҶ诶ֻõͷ岻źۼԶһЩ
˭֪ĴͻȻƵϣ͵һ˵Ļ
˵ҪǿҲϲ¡Ҷ诶˫֣ԼŲôӽ
ȻӦҵŮˣôǲӦʾ˵⻰ŵϣΪҵŮˣеĿҪְ֪Ǿǣȡң
ѹϣӴЩȵĿ⿴
ңû׼á΢΢һܵϣҶ诶Σֻ³仰
㲻Ҫ׼ʲôĿϢıǼ䣬ֻҪңͶˡ
˵ǿҡ
˵ǣָḧ۵ĴǰǣҪΪҵŮԺ󡣡
޳ܣ֮ǰû˵
УթЦţѴչȥ
̧ȡ֮⣬֪ʲô취ֹ
ɵİѹסЦΪһڶ˺ҵĻ᣿
ڣŮ˵ʱڣ㡣Σѡ
𣿡һĨЦôҿģȻϧ񡣡
㣡üһ˫ÿӺԹ
ǰ졣Σֳһɵɡ
֪ĴѾʼ֣Σ
ұȽϲϡ۾Υ˵Ļʱ֪ԭԼǺܿĤģʹ鰮ôϰɣ٣Լһ׼Ĺ̡
𣿡ôῴѣֻǣˣĪľЩۡԼøһЩʱ䣿
ϣ𣿡۾Ľëһ˫һˮӣưεĿ
áʶĵͷĿ⣬Լ˿ûеֿ
ǣȻ뿪壬ôϴů㡣
ϧȴܳʵ˷ӦǿǿҪըͣþȫ뿪塣֪ٲ뿪᲻᲻ķҪ
ǣһ˵ܡ룬ãԸǰΪš
ԣ̡
ֻǣ֪ţ᲻ˣ
ܿ죬˳ȥ
ֻ΢΢Щ㵵Ҷ诶ڴϡ
һû뵽ĻŹžһƬʪ䣬ǣ亹ʱŲòϣֻںԼ壬ңܺ£
棬ĶһֱΪԼǼǿģԭġһ̣ʵĸо˹¶оԼͷþû֮ȥǷݵİ
֨ѽűƿ
æ̧ͷָֻ֮ǰģ
ϲſ˫ۡʱôеҪһһ
СܼվߣȻԹվһҶ诶§ס
үҪǰأᴷź콡˶ţܻӭ̬
һҲ˵ֱӱȥΪʲôǸŮ˲һԼ˳ΪʲôǸŮÿζ˳ľܾԼԼǱܣҪģΪʲôǸŮ׵Լŭ𣬶Լȴû˿İ취
ЩúɫԽԽѿҲӿϵĶ³ȥǰŮ˵·ȲĽڣ
ڣҪǷй
ĵڴϣϴĿȻ޷ڸʧ䡣ʱߵˣǸжã
Լ뷨һʲôʱԼµʱľȻŮˣôˣ
үõƣһ˫۲漴ǰš
˿̣ߵ˿Լô뵽ǸŮˣ
ǿԼ֣
үƴѾϣգһαǰԵƶһү𣿡
ѾˣȻкܶŮˣ޵ʱԽԽ࣬ǲǴкܴĻңԸŮ
ŮһӶֻڱ˧ױ˲ĺ仰Եģ²ֻһˡ
үƶԶ뿪үϲİͷϣֻǣ۾ȴ¶֮Ƶһ˿񶾡
ʹǸŮ˶ԼûвʹүȻԼ壬ǣʱ̶Լһûеһ춼и
үգԺյļԼ۷磬ԣ˺ȥݰ
ԣܿж





007 ݺ

˼ˣûеȥɣװȵ
ûȤҶ诶۾Ȼû뿪鱾
ýҲһµ֮е飬ס֣߰ãҴ㵽ȥ
Ҷ诶֪˵ʲôܾ飬֮£ֻվŵ֣߰ɣ
Ƽ⸱ģ޺޵ʲô˲ģүӵͷζûи㣬Ȼǰڳһ߰ף
ȴȵ˵ĺܣÿҪˣ߶ˡ
Ҷ诶Ҳ˵ֻǸ߳Է
֮ǰҶ诶㷢ԷƣĿ˵޿ޡľǷڵļҾ߰裬һ͸һ¡ĵơ߳ŷֽ֣洦ɼӺݴȴһָĸоңܶϸ΢֮ҲõĿȦɵ㣬֣Ҷ诶߲һ־塣
ãǵǰϢһ°ɣָԶһ̨ͤ˵
һ˽ε̨ͤһ֮ϣԶ̬֮һ顣
߽ܣֻΧľӵأˮʤա
ãɫΣưվҲĴ
Ҷ诶ʵش
ЪϢһ°ɣ۽ƳһĨϤӰƻæסҶ诶֣үҲǵģÿζūҲţԣȰһ·Ϳʼʹ
Ҷ诶΢΢ü⻰ʲô˼
ۼӰԽԽæվҶ诶ǰסߡ
ʲôҶ诶ֵ
û뵽ͻȻɿ֣峯浹ȥ
Ҷ诶룬־ȥץֻǣﻹץõ
㱼䣬ֻͨһ죬Ѿµĺˮ
ôԶԶģ㿴һĨϤӰŲĳ߹ȴһ룬ְˮ
Ҷ诶֪ʲô£Ծˮȥ˵ʱͻȻһǿĴסͷһ˫ӡ
ڸʲôŭ
Ҷ诶Ҳ˵֣һԾȥ
һΣסǺ졣
عҶ诶Ѿϵ˰ߣѹǻĻˮ
ҺãµˮǺܶ࣬ܿ죬۾
ֻǣû뵽ԼˣȻүǣԼҪݺŮˣ
Ҳܿ췴Ӧ۽һӰ漴ĿҶ诶ΪʲôҪң
Ҷ诶ʱһУЦһվͷҲصĳԷȥ
ˮʪ·ϣճԼ˵ߡ
Է𣿺ﰵһ׷ȥԼ°ϣ˿ûй˼ڵϵŮˡ
үŵ۾үȻȥһŮ˴£
ҲҪҶ诶·ȴס
Ҷ诶Ҿ㣬ҪҵĻϷٴ·ʵʵأŷĵĶ˵ȻԷ
ȻŴ󲽳
ֻǣѾˡƵѾװ˶Ҷ诶ԹԼʼ
оΣְԷȥ
˵ǻԺΪޣԲŰˮģϺȻһĨζЦ⡣
ǣңҲû˵Ʋ԰׵һ˿֮ɫүֻ˼ô˵ó
˵ᣬ˵Һ飬ⲻŸ𣿡ϵЦԽԽ࣬޲ÿصԷһĽ͡˵ôڳԴ
үҪΪƶץĸ첲
Ŷ£ɫģȥʸ
˵⻰Ȳ߳Է
ţȴûƿ
诶𣿡֣ʱԼûһ˿ŭ⣬еģֻ޵ϲ
𣿡䵭
šе֪Ľ𣿽ԼͱŮӽ
ûµĻ벻ҪңˡҶ诶ʪܵĶǶһë塣
㿪ţȻֿʼսԼԣ
ǣһ¡Ŷ룬Ҷ诶óһ´ϡ
˵ɣʲô£ԣֻǿһССķ϶
ôҽ˧ϹһĨаȵЦҪ֪ҵ
˵ˣҽˣʲô£˵𣿡΢΢һЩ
һ㶣һ˲Ķ·⣬ôᣬô˳
ȵȣ˲䣬Ҷ诶Ѿֹ̧ţ붼ûͰ˽ȥܲҵıסˡ
ҽС
ʹУʵûôʹֻ֪ķӦ
Ҷ诶һˣ⡣ԣϴţеʣô᲻أ
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ǣӦÿЩȥҽ侲ȥɣ
ʲôȻԼߣ֣
ϲʱһʧ棬װһģ磬Ƚ£Լȼһơ
ԥӣֲұ֤ʲôҲң˵֣ʲôҲˡ
ʹӣҶ诶ʵڲģóһ·
վҶ诶ӣϺԼղųڵĻ
ӣֱҪ˷
ʪͷɢڼϣûƽʱǸģµһ֦İٺϣҪģǰôСС
ֻһ£Ҳ˵棬ֱӾµģ֣ʱúһȡ
Ҷ诶ȴûȥעĿ⣬ֱߵߣһ·ϣȻ˫ֱǰſôˣ
һ㶣һû˼ĿһֱԼ֣ŷӦæҽУ֪ôˣǺʹ
һ˲ı仯ȴûӹҶ诶۾漴ֱñ䣬û£Ϣˡ
ղˮ廹ɣˣᣬоЩ䡣
ˮô£֪ԼĹƱʶƣɵÿЦһ¡뵽ԼеĿģ̲סȸԾ
ˮʲô£Ҷ诶ɻ
㽫ˮ𣿡ü
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ô˵Ůһûκεĸо챧һ˿ϣ
ʲô˼Ҷ诶üͱŮһ𣬺ˮ£ϵ
ˮ֮ǰûк˵ʲôѵ
˵ʲôҶ诶ϸϸ룬˵Ⱥʹ˵һֱԣϢһ£˭֪Ȼˮˡ
ѵ㲻˼ͻȻô˵ûˮ
˼Ҷ诶źͻȻĿͻȻƵĻĺ壬ɫһ±ЩȻͷȥ˵£ûȤУҸûԼȥġ
׺ԼһΪΪԴײŰˮģοͲô¡
뵽鳹ױƻϾȻִʹǰһסҶ诶°ͣЩֻ֪һŮˣ෴ȱģŮˣ
˵⻰תȥֻǹĪʧһֱײţײҪ裡
ĪҶ诶һ£֮³ĸ֣Ȼߵſţְϵ·óëŰɵ塣
磡·ʼͷȴһһĽ
һֱʱ䣬绹ûͣңоϵĺԽԽء
С㣬϶˷ˡ֮żתתȥһţҧ˵ȥǸү
֮Ҷ诶סһЦûµģݸˮͺˡҵ𣿡
翪ʼͲˣѵ뿪Լˣ
ûҵС㣬Ҫ磬ȳԵ㶫֮Ҩһ˵ǰ
ҲԡҶ诶ͷȥڣһʳҲûС
ֲ֮ǳ˷ˣ׼һͰˮ
֮ȥϢɣһ˾ͿˡҶ诶ǿվ֮Ƴ⣬ĵǣЦ˵µĻһġ
ֻǣһʱ֮֮ﲻĵǰС㣬ȴûκ졣
ţˡ
֮żˣС᲻£뷨һ룬ٴţţС㣬С㣬˵
ûκεĻӦ





008 ۺ

ô죿ô죿︧֮ؿڣǿԼȻǰһԣү
УҵܼңĻܼ˿ҵԷȥ
ʱ޹ǵںϣһ˵
ҲǲСİɣЩͷĽţȴûƿϾĿǰΪֵֹŮˡ
үǾô׵𣿡һ˿޺ޡ
δȺ˵ܼҽ
ʲô£ʵϲ˴ţڻʱ
ҶСˡܼʵ
ʲôһƿ˶첽߳ȥԷɱȥ
˿ûע⵽һ˫Թʵӡ
ֱһ̲ףʲôĻŵĸоµϢģôҵţƺҪԾš
֮ҰСָָ䡣
һƣ˿δ
һƷӦ
诶ԾŽȥһ۱㿴ľͰɫͨ죬ʹı顣
һѰŷ֣ˮѾûһ˿¶ȣȻδŴƣŸܼң漴ͷŭһţ
֮ﲻҶѱãﻹܹصϣ
ʵĵǶģû⣬ܼôԽⷿ䣿
⹦ѰŵϣӸϣ֣诶诶
ûӦּæתͷ󺰣ܼңȥпʵ£
үС㣬Сôˣ֮ţǵĿŴϵС㡣
ôչģ˵ô£
Ҳ֪ңҳȥҰʱС˵ҲԷֻҸһͰˮҳȥˡ֮𵽲УãСӣԼġ
һӸϣָĶŷ̵̹ġץ֣ȴôı䣬ɵðַŵԼģţ诶诶һѣ۾ҡ
С㣬֮һԳţȴֲҿүô죿
ҳȥŭûиоԼôҹҵĲ֪ԼҪʲôҵֻõĴڡ
֮߳䣬ĶǽǣסϥǣǵĿһֱŴϵĨӰ
֮
ʵ£һѾһʮ˵죬㣬̵ʱڣѹ
ʵ²֣ӣô
˵⻰˹Ŀ˺Ůһۣڵ𣿡
Ųɱ㣡˫ȭ
żżʵ˵⻰⵽£ƵָߵҶ诶䡣
һʱںֻܾúЩصĺ
ôɿ֣켱еʡ
ˣʵһ̵ӣվź룬˷ѡ
㿪ҩҽҲӳĴֿѣӽľٶ޲ԼֽŴġ
ҩ䣬ʵֱóһҩݸܼңȥץҩɣ
ܼһۣܼҽӹҩСų˷䡣
Ů˭ɵӣôûмʵûҪ뿪Ĵ㣬ЦеĿź졣
ˣһ˵
㻹ͦʵȴ˹˵ţҲѹ֣ú
Ϲ˫Ѿճȭǿڶཻķϣһȭ
찡˵㣬˼ҲԸ⣬ͲҪǿʵȴķŭΪһԣһ衣
սҵ𣿡˿ֱŴϵ˶ﻹ˵ȥĺ?
Ů˵ֻǸȾ纮ҪģĽᡣ˵ʵ·סڣЦź졣
Ľ᣿ڻͷ˻
Ůжкܶ£УڳɽᣬģѪԣ˷˵أУҩǵüʱϵĺٴʵ˵⻰վҩ䣬ȥǰеĽŲһ仰סǿŮңȻںޣ
˺Զ仰ȴһֱں𣬰ΣսҶ诶Ľգ诶һжΪôҺӵô
ʱǸΣְСֽסϣ¶Ӳ˿̣ףȻкܶŮˣǰһڲͬġڣ
üҲһš
衭ĿͻȻ³һۣţϵıʹ࣬ƺ뵽һ޾ԨֿʼѺ죬źҵڿл裬һֱţ衭ҪҪ뿪
诶诶Ҫ£Ҫ£æץס˫֣ԼؿڣԼûоþϸꡣ诶ԣ诶¡
üɿһƬͣ㡭롣
˭һѵһֱһˣԲŲԼ

ҩôûãٴŭ
ˣˣܼսս
诶ȻӺӵһֶҩһŵ
诶ԣ졣š
û뵽Ҷ诶Ȼϵſڣҩ͵ȥ
һһ׵ι꣬ŷ֣ԼȻôõġ

ιҩĿֿʼֻ֣ǣģԽԽͣĵĵĻȵĺ
֪ʵµҽȫš죬Ӧþûˡ
֮ĽУ¾˻
С㣬ôˣ˫ۣ߽֮
ûˣܼҰŹϣȥϢɣչһҲҶ
ҪҪչС㣬ҡ֮⻰һ
ȥѹ
ڣֳ֮ųȥܼҹ̧Сĵĵſڡ
诶ԽԽȣһϵĺ
òȻŵϣǿɾëʼϵĺˮ
ľļ磬ǣһ߲һ¡
أͣٶ
ȥʵءԼѳֲס
ǣϵĺ
һҵ˼붷ĴֻǴķϻʹë֣Ȼǲġ
ڣȫǣϣȴմӺһ䤱
òϣ̣ġ̫࣡
ǣǰգȻһĪİ
ʱжеαװʵĳǰû˸߰ͬʹһ㡣
һ̣ڻС
ţѾ
ϵ·Ѿʪ͸ǾԲٴˡҵİ·ǿëֿʼԼ壬ǣһĨЦ
ϴԺ󣬺ܿ죬ֺˡ
ĽԼĻ˼ҪǣǰͲţǵúһһȣǸûĶһ죡
ǣȴʲô
죬˭Ⱦ
ģԺҲҪ֪£
۾ʹʱСͻȻ˸˱ɿȴһĪĴ̼ͷȥģɱɣҪˣ̵ĻͲˣ
ͦβö˶İϣ
ٴα۾ֽճȭǿԼƿһЩ
ǣһҹûкۡ
һϣ
һսʱ֪ˣһԼʲôҲûʼɣԼ㲻Ǹˣ





009 Ұޣ

һ˯ú
Դȥû˯ȹرǴԽԺÿУῴȥʱεױ
ûС
ţſ˫ۣ˫ۣȴһ룬
ͬŮһʶģƿȵͷԼ塣
Ȼǡģ
ףʲô£
ˣôԼϣ
͵ѱһЩһֱڵ°ͣȻ̧ɻĿ⣬ô
˵ҲضķӦûԼԤô
ΪʲôЩżˡ˽״ͻȻú
ָĲˡҲ»¶˶ؼ
ҷʲô£һĿǣ۹ȴæƿͻȻһ˿Ρ
ЦĿķӦȻôоԼǲӦÿһ£һϵûйСֵܣ
һ뵽ʵµĻϷͷǰĶϣѾָ˳˵¶ȡһ诶ʵ㰲ʱ򣬸
ȥ˿̣Ҷ诶Ѿ֪ʲôֻţϿεľ档
´ȻЦĿɫԽԽ죬诶ں𣿡
Ҫҡ̧ͷ뾯žȻӣվԼǰ
ĹͭɫɢŽĹ󣬼ʵţûһ˿׸С޳˫ȡ
һʱ޷˼۹⾹Ȼסһ㶢岻뿪
Ŀ֪ȴȻͣԼϵĿ⣬ǰһס°ͣ诶ҵ廹𣿡
Ҷ诶һӦǱ۾ֻǣ΢ĽëԼƷѵʾκ;ȡ
⸱ģҲٶɿ°ͣ·һһĴ
诶ûУֱ·ãȻ˫ۣúЦߣʵ
Ҷ诶˵ȻѾܶˡ
ֻǣĶӺܲϵķʱȥĺٴ
쿴ľЦ֣ʵСŮˣûֳôĮ͸߰
վȥ
ȥĽŲҶ诶Ÿ۾ģ죬϶ԥȥ
ûôǱ
ĵȥԼôͻȻʧȥ侲ǡУ׷ʲô£
뵽æĿĴѰԼڴβһȥãǱִ졣
Ե߱ӣ̧ۿȥǸԼס
ֻʲôָ˳̬Ҳ塣
诶ǶѾͬˣѵܶһЩ𣿡ǰ߰ӻﰲ˯诶
۷ʲô£ǰǣǶҵԸʹûд·ʹɢͷʹǱֻһӣ˿ϵƣΪ֪飬ԣһµûзҲ㣬뿪
ȻϵԾˣû뵽Ȼµûзѵ˿һͬ𣿸οǳԣԴЩʲôߵǱˣǲҲ˵Ĳ⣿뷨ʱúðɣһҲں
ںΣںΣҶ诶¸ҵĶЩЦһһѣ
ôһ°ͣĺأȻˣβң
õҵ壬˵ôҪҶ诶ŤͷĴ֣һƬмˣһͷҰʲô𣿡
Ұޣһ㶣Ұʲôϵ
Ұֻ°˼ѣҶ诶ܿһ壬漴ֿ𴦣˵Ϊʣ
㣡Ļɹúɫѿһ룬ѰѹڴϣŭȻˣҾ֪˵ĻҪ۵ģ
˵𣿡ηĶӣҶ诶Ȼǣô˿ʲô˵ǻʱɰ𣿻ǣķй
ĶһУͣӣйĶѡûйָо͵ķйͬǻһʲôĻѵԼĺһͷҰûʲô
ֶʱû¡ɿҶ诶嵹һ,˼ı۾
ܲܣȳȥˣҶ诶Ȼ־ԼĻЩ֡
۾Цһ£ƽ诶ԭֻһˡ
ʲôˣûйϵ뵽һգԼпҲйĶҶ诶㣬ȥ
Ұ޾ҰޣȴͻȻ󺰣ŮʲôŮ˱ǹǲģϣŮֻΪ˶ҿϳϺϴѾĸ֣ԣҪ̸ʲôҸ㣬Ȼ˵ҰޣôҾͲʲôǰ
Ҷ诶ɫһڶʮһͣʹûˣȻԼһϯ֮أΪԼԭڶʱ򻹲ãеᵽŮˣʲôҲǣֻ˵ĸƷһ̣ΪеŮ˸еɱ
ôԼûбҪǰԴֻ߰°˼ʲôΪ֪ʲôǰ
߰ɣ
ѾԸ֮ȥЩԵĹù緹úϢһ°ɣ췢йŭɫЩۡ
У˼Ȼֻͷʹ²ԸһҪ㸺𡣴ӽһ⹫㣬ҵӡ
áʹԼԣҲɣԣûбҪ˷Ѵࡣ
ĻشȻúһ漴ЦˣĻôʲô֪ңһԥҪ㣡
˵⻰ͷҲص˳ȥ
ҰޣǣΪʲôԼԣȴûԴ󷢣Լûһ˿Ҳ˵ʲôҲû
Ҷ诶˼ףʲô£
Уİ˯Ϊʲô
ѵΪ





010 ׽顱

С㣬ڸоô֮ʢһ࣬ŵҶ诶
֮ҳԲˡЦſĵĳɷ֡
Уү˵ˣһҪԵñģźõÿ죡֮˫ۺף˿Ӱ顣ϾСûˡ
áҶ诶Σֻõͷࡣó֮ԼĵǷĵģԣûбҪΪһ࣬ƻڵĺ顣
֮ʰȥҶ诶̾һ˳˼С
û뵽ֻͨ˷ðͰԼ׵Ĵ򵹣Ҳû뵽ֻͨôһ£֮ﾹȻͽү϶˵ĺãû뵽Լʱ򣬾ȻչԼң֮˵ʱôżۡ
Ϊʲô
ʱŶ룬ԼҪˮݺܾã򣬻Լ컹ڲϣϸĵչˣԼ˯ôĺʡ
жԼ
ǣոգ
Ұޣֻ°˼
ȥǸô˵ԼǷġԼһϲǷ˶顣
뵽վߵǰ
ţѾ޺ˡҶ诶Цҡͷųȥ󣬺ˣôôԼ
߳ԷҶ诶Լ֪ȥ
ɵúܣӭˣȻܼҡ
ĳƺأѾˡҶ诶¶һ˿Цܼңضܸܲң
ܼһ㶣û뵽ֱү䣬ַܿӦĻش𣬡үԷ
ܲܣȥϾ졣
⡭ܼҶʱΪ˭֪үϲ˴ţİʱ
㣬ôߣԼȥͺˡҶ诶֪ô࣬¶ɫΪʲôҪ죬㡣
С˴ȥɣ˼ܼһǾǰϾ֮£ϲǰµҪ֪ƿûүǰ״
ллܼˡҶ诶һЦ
롣ܼҹվҶ诶ұ߿һλã˿Խء
ܼңľ¿רƵģĿ֮ǧ˰̬Ҷ诶ֶ߲˺ܴȤ
һУүõġܼҵһ˿Ժ
ŶɴҶ诶ϣﰵû뵽¡
ʱߵԷſڡ
ԺҽȥһܼСĵ˵ǰҲ£ֻǣܶӸԼֱͨӾʹȥˡ
ȥɡҶ诶Ļش
Էʯ֮ɷվĴ֣Ҷ诶ǲԾһĨ̾ЦȻǺ֣
īȴ֪ܼΪѡ
ԭܼ򵥣߽ԷһϤŮӵĽأүˮ֮ʱ˭ȥ
Σܼһ˳ͷҶ诶үʱ
Ҷ诶޻ɣֻǣĿⱻԷһİٺǣǰϲĻܼңԷܽȥ𣿡
⡭ܼҿʼϻ̳Ͽ֣֪ԼôشүȻʸȥκһ䣬ǣү˰ΣڵͷȻԡֻǣ»Ҫ죬Ͳˡ
û£ȥæɣҶ诶ҴȥŲٺȥ
ֻǣԽٺϣԽһֵǣһŮʹ
үƵǵͨ죬үΪʲôͻȻͣ˽͡
쿴ǰԺͻȻֳҶ诶ĻԼҰޣֻ֪йΪʲôǰŮ˻˵ܣŮӸеֺ𣬿ధԼ
үƶƵ˫ȸĲϣҪš
ʹҶ诶üʲôѵһˣ۸ŮӲɣ
뵽Ҷ诶ԥŶ롣
֪ʲô״Ҷ诶ҲȥġֻǣûԤ֪δԣƿŵһǣǰ龰ʵڵ
һ˹ĺ󱳶ԼſһŮϣµϣһ˫ȡ
ڣһζ
ýָͷҲóʲô
ԣһͷҪ롣
ǣҶ诶Ľȴ˸һ㣬һҲŲ
˭Եŭ˫ֽճȭͷĻͷȥʱԼˣ϶ǲҪˣ
һֱں£Դһᣬ㿴վſڵҶ诶
ʱҶ诶ৡһ²˺Σͷæ˫֣״εĽ͵ҲǹģҲ֪Բ𡭡Ҳ֪ʲôԡ
ͷҶ诶ĪĽһ¡δü㿴żĽͣﾹȻһŭ⡣뿪Ǹ壬ֳϣǸ֪Ů߹ȥ
ԲĲǹġ߽Ҷ诶Ľ͡
Բ𣿡ΪʲôǸŭȴԽԽŭ˫Ķʲô
ҡĻʱҶ诶ѹæתط
һץס󣬡㣬ʲô
ΪʲôΪʲôԼŮӻĳ棡ΪʲôһѹıҲûУһԼǸΪʲôΪʲô
ҪǣǸӣԼĪľʼʹ
˵ҲǹġҶ诶侲һһĻָٴο˲мҴŵ㣬Ǹ
УҶ诶Ŀ䵽ץϣſңǼɣ
쵰ûкıӣĻðɣôһϵʹࣿôһһεĴ𣬵йôôԼҰ޵ĹۣһУɵģڣȴĿ⿴Լѵ֪˵޶ȵ
ԼҶ诶Ȼһɬ̧һֻ֣Ŀȥ
Ż쵰һĶҶ诶ݺ֣仰ת߳ȥ
˿ûзһƣݺݵĴϡֵǣʹһ˿ʹ졣
ˣôǲ˵ںԼǲǴϲԼͱŮһ
뵽ЩָӡȻǣЦ
үѳϡû뵽Ҷ诶ͻȻû뵽Ȼҳִү
һ£仰ͷҲûأ߳ԷĿ׷ǰĨϤӰ





011 

ԼȻûпĳƺϣУƣֻҪһŮˣȲȥɣ
Ҷ诶Цһ£ʹɫҪ֪֮ᱻռУ
뵽ղſĻ棬Ҷ诶ʼ﷢¡Ҫ֪ǸŮˣһ죬ҲſԼϡ
ȥҶ诶ǿԼҪȥЩ飬ΪԽ࣬˵ԽԼԽе
ǰǸıӰӿŲܿ׷վǰţ诶
ңʵȥлл㡣Ҷ诶ָ˳̬չңԣлл㡣
УڸղһƣҲǸģɫưģΪң
Ļɹúϵһ˿ϲʧ˫ָļ磬ʵôڸղŵ£ô
ϸĿϵÿһ飬Ŭҵһ˿߷ŭʧˡƽϣκε
үǺ¡ֻǣҵ³çѾʾǸ⡣ѵҪ˵һζԲ𣿡Ҷ诶ѹĵĿɬ̧ۿôٴǸԲ𡣡
ȴ˵ֻǶͻȻҶ诶ᱧʩչṦԷɱȥ
صԷİҶ诶ڴϣѾʼ˺Լϵﻹţȥ˷磡ȥĽᣡȥңգضΪҵŮˣգΪ֮ǰһкڣ
Ҷ诶ڴվŽĺ죬ٴ¶һĨɬЦΣ죬Լ
ǣ̧ͷʱȴ˫ճȭǰһƴģ
Ϊ𣿡Цģþ
Ҷ诶վڴϣߵơһţźݺݵ߹ȥ
ɵĶȥһ룬ҪץҶ诶ȡ
Ҷ诶ȭǰģȣһתһֳźȥ
书ɫһ䡣֮ǰֻǣ˿ûз϶ѡ
аɣҶ诶˵⻰Ӵһѳź쵹ȥ
ԴһΣһԡ
Ҷ诶㿪æָʹһй
ЦһһӣѰҶ诶ƵһԣţһֳֻҶ诶ؿڴȥ
ʵֻǣû뵽Ҷ诶ν书û˿
ԣһӣҶ诶мܲסһԵȥһִֻƷؿڴ漴屻ббɳȥ
Ҫ֪˻һɵĹܿ죬ӦҶ诶ܹȥ
ֻǣȻûüס塣صҵǽϣȻ֮Ѫ
诶漴̽䣬žȻû˿
æһַļ磬һַֻĺ󱳣Ϊˡ
С㣡֮￴ǰһĻʱŴˡ
ȥܼңϰѿʵ½죡֮켸ǺŷԸ
Ŷ֮ʱӦСųԷ
诶㲻Ҫң쿴Ž˫ۺ޷ӦҶ诶ĿֻԽԽԼ֪书Ҳ򲻸óַģӲΪ
κʧһҲԭԼԼΪΣʹգ֪ŮˣԣѾ÷ǳҪ
żż֮ŵĿʵ£˵Ŀͷϻ¶̵Цġ
ģģС㣬Ѫˣ֮ļǰУףôӵĴ
˷ôѪʵ΢΢üµĲ΢һЩ
֪֪֮ҵҡͷˮ֮¡
ʵ£ԶԶĽŲĺñߣ
żżʵ˵⻰ŲѾ˴š컳Ůӣɫһ䣬ô
һΣ𡣵ܿ죬ֳ˰ԵͺԣһҪû¡
Ϊʲô㲻ҵĻأʵҡҡͷۼԼѾæָҶ诶䡣
Σź콹Ŀ⣬ݲȵĴҩóһҩڣǡ
ֻǣճڣһѰҩȥĴҶ诶СڣСĵİҩ˽ȥ
ʵźҡͷһû˵꣬δҲ̫³çˡǶҩô죿
һ˻һѾס죬ɫ䣬˵ʲôǸǶҩ𣿿ʵ£Ųɱ㣡
˵ʵ°һۣ˫֣һҶ诶ܿ죬ͻˡ
⻰æڴߣеĿһգգҶ诶
ôѣһʱȥϵ˶ûһ˿ģ־
ʵһյ裬໹һʱ
㣡վŭĿԲ˵ĺܿ죬˼
Ϊˣô𣿡ƵĶ豭һڣСĵķ£ү书֮£ж֡οһû˿Ůӣ
Ļúµػصһ˿΢΢ĲôȷѹĻû£
һȥ߽ϣߵãֻ˲һɵĹʵ±۾Ŀ״ԣ˼һΣԣ֮֮ڣκεĻԺҪרչˣңҪ粽ػ
ô˵ʹԲע⣬˼Σգ˵ķƵںȴ羪κˡѽճȭָݵ֮Уȴʹ
ղǵҩ֮֮ȫֻҪչˣ˼ĿԻǺСġ˵⻰ʵ۾һղǸѾͷߵúÿ죬ڣҪȥúϢһ£
˵վ˴ϵŮһۣζЦ˵찡ôõһˣҪû˶ϧԣһҪúõչˣ֪𣿡
˹ıҩ䣬ʵŷ䡣
诶ס֣ա˿̶ôϣһ˫ĿĺԼ硣ǣ





012 չ

ʹ
ʹƺһֱûͣЪؿڸӿһֱʹȫÿһ񾭣ÿһϸ
УֿȴӰ߽ˣȴԹĿ⿴ԼȥӰȴʧˡʧһƬ֮Уţ裬衣ȴûӦ
ʹƺΪҡ
ʹѾûȥ׷ǸѾʧӰֻĶڵϣʹš
诶һϤеͻȻ
С̧𼴿һЦİױﱧһ۵Сޡ
ȴʹѾ޷ٴ̧ͷֻǣﻹаױӰ
ૣҲ֮ۿ
֪˶ãֿ̹ǵʹȥֽţܿʼ
վĴ׷ѰֿѵӰ
诶
ֻǣİ
Ѱ˵Ӱ
诶۾ҡ
ЩңΪΧԽԽڡ
诶诶ᣬҲִܹ
úڣʲô
ǣ۾
ӳģһŽŶִŹе
诶ˣϲʵ˵ҪʱԣߵʱģҲһֱڰգңݺݵľһ
㣡һС
诶ҲãҲԣҸ!Ŀͺڡ
߰ɣϢҶ诶Цһ£ȥ
ԭղŵһУֻǸΡ
أһƣԼ˹ȥ
ⲻԼȳУػҲķӦ
οԼˣ̡
ܸ߰ǣģ
ǣĿЦ˵ĻȴڹԭԲߡ
ģֿʼҡ诶û뵽㾹ȻûһҺúڣҰɣ诶Բ𣬶Բ𡭡
ûй㣬ȴûһǣƽʱһүԼǰĵǸǳĲӦҰ֮н𣿡
诶Ҫʲôŵʡ
Ѿûˣԣ뿪ȴҲܾǿ
Ҳ뿪ֽһЩҺӵģԣչ㣬𣿡
ʱŲԼֱţȴûһ˿ѾûˣҲ֮չҾ͹ˣȥɣ
诶˵֮ڣҶ򣬿˼ԣգչ㡣˵ϵ
Ҷ诶⻰üͷô𣿡
ͷȥֱĿ⣬Ƶ洫ԣչ㡣
ʹˣҲءҶ诶һûǣԼΪʲô̶֣ˡԣңӣ٣ǿԼ
ͬͬ⣬Ѿˡ˹ִﲻЩߣҲ֮ðԵ㣬ûоܾȨ
šղܶҲ˵еȫҪڴϣôߡǷġ
㣡ĻһαȼǿѹŭŵԼƴǣҶǷġ
ûٺ磬εı۾һүܻź˵ĻֻΣֻһʱ
ܿ죬Ҷ诶㷢Լˡ
ɫ̨֮ǣûҪ뿪˼
緹ȵÿһˮιġҪ
ˣ֮ҾͺˡǿҪ£޵ʱ֮æǣʱǼĲȻָоͺ˰·վ˲ιһ㡣ԣϣεľ档
֮ȥϢˡȴϸĵ΢Щҵķ˿£˳Ķ
С㣬µĻүһɡ֪Сүˣ֮ߡСǷᣬǷСģǷϸĵĺǻҲԭ
ҡͷ֮ҡ
֮ȥ
С㡭֮ҧ´վû˵ת˳ȥ
С㣬óүܺá֮ãܸҸԣҪ֮
Ҷ诶üͷһ,ҲΪ߶Щ䣬Ĳˡ
ָüȥ˵ĻЦſڣ诶Ҳϲü㲻ܶЦ٣Ҫһüӣ𣿡
Ҷ诶ȥ㿪֣ûǿϲΪβ뿪
ҡһʱǰԼô˵ʹ׵һֻĸϻʹûиԼɫǣԼ˳ʹĸоһֱûʧΪǱˣҾöԲ㡣
ҲΪǸΰɡԣչʹټ֡
Ҷ诶εı۾ΪǸζչԼô֪΢չˣԼǷܶࣿˣϢˡ
˯ɣһ㡣˵
̲ס۾Ҷ诶һ˿̣ҲȥϢɣһˣûµġ
áЦŵͷ
һЦһ¡
һ㶣̲סӡһǣȻ˵诶Цĺ
ĶϵЦȥһ۾
㣬ʲô͸ɻ
Ϣһ·һ߻Ц
ʲô˼Щˡ
ֱֻʣһɫ£СĵԽ壬ӣɵࡣ
˯ɡڱҵ֣ţ۾
㣡ΣĻȼ֣죡
𣿡һ֧ͷЦĿա֣Щϲżģ
ȥŭ
֪𣿡ֹ°ͣһĨЦǵһҶҺŮˣһҴҶŮˣҲǵһҹŮˡֻ˵ŮͨǿķǣҪȴ˵Ҫҹʵɣ
֪Լʱûа취Ҷ诶ŭ⣬۾
ˣҲʵֻǣһֻĴ䡣
ã޷˯δһ˽ӽƺ˯ˣͷĿԼļϣƽȾȵϢ
̾һǸΡﱧһӣô˵ǸСѾˣôӦúҸɣ
뵽ֿѻҸǲԾһĨǳЦ͵أ뵽ԼҲһӣֻǣԸûʵ֣㴩Խ˹
£ԸԶʵˡ





013 

죡Ҷ诶ŷŭھ׵峿ԵЩͻأ
Ե˲õüȻ󻺻۾ǰŮɵһЦ诶˯ú𣿡
ÿҶ诶ҧ˵
һ㶣Ųŷ֣Լֲ֪ʱѾǰķñԼĴָǡ
ЦŰѴյϣѹ˵诶ҵģαôأ
ϺԹı飬Ĵ֣ĵ漴¡
֮ù֮ϵëȥ׼緹ɣ
ǡ֮ЦŴӦת˳ȥ
诶˰ɣٵһᰡëĲ
Ҷ诶εĽչˣȴҲòϣĺܻչˡ
ֲ֡ͻȻͣ¶Цŵͷ诶ǲҲҪ
ʱͿһΣЦˣ诶֪֪㺦ߵӣÿɰ
Ҷ诶޺޵ı۾˵
ˣҲٶëŵһԣӣֿʼ㷢
ñ˶Դģǵһ˵˳磬ԣŮˣ𣿡
ȻûѡأΪʲôҪʣһ뵽ĿĲԼ壬ϱú
ΪΣԸҵŮˣףΪʲô˵ڲͬ
ΪʲôƫŮˣʵ
Ϊϲ㣬һμ㣬Ҿͱʱ֪Ůӡһ˿Լûвۣɣ𣿡
˵ףΪҵòҶ诶Цһ£һ˹֣أ㲻࿴һ۰ɣ
ҳϣòһԭ򣬵ȫǡĻش⣬ҲﰵȽӵĲ֮ͬϣһֶصҡʣڱŮϣûзֵġ
Ҷ诶ﰵЦһ£Ȼһؼ⡣
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仰еˡ
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ģ˵ģҲԸеģǣȴ˹ִҪ
Ϊһֱûеõ
ҲЩһ㣬ͶͱԼжصʡ
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仰û˵ڡ
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С㣬緹ɡ֮֮ĳĬ
죬֮չҾͿˡ˵Ļġ˵
ĻЩաԼչΪʲôĿһ㡣ֻǣûзҲá
һЩϵ»ԼȥңҪһ˺úõһ룬ԼҪʲô
Ұ¾ͻ˵⻰֮úչˣһ׼뿪ͻȻʲôƵģӡһǣҡ
С㣬үúŶ֮￪ĵ
Ҷ诶ɬһЦ֪֮ʲôΪܼ޸үõү˵ĳ谮һŮҰɣ
֮ܲܣҲһӣЩڿڡһǣͰױδ˿壬ǣãҪЩ֡
ǣÿԡǶʮɵϰߡѾЩ뵽Ҫڴ죬Ҳ̲סڡ
ѽôˣ֮һţ漴Сųȥһ䣬Сһͻ
֮£ǶԲ𡣡Ҷ诶ǳЦţϹǸ⡣
С˵ʲô֮СĵǺñӣֻһ档֮ģû뵽Сϰÿԡһ첻ϴ϶ܲ
֮лл㡣һжȴ֪˵ʲô
С㣬ܲܲҪǰллߣദˣ֮Ҳû֮ǰľнʱ˻ῪЦ
ããҶ诶æͷϸϸΪԼŸ첲̲ס˵֮á
֮εķۣС㣬˵֮ˡ
ã˵ˡҶ诶ı鶺Цˡ
С㣬Ϊʲôϲү˼ʳڡֱүһܴСҸ
νϲϲҶ诶Ļش𡣡ϲΣϲΣ
ǣүôãСô᲻ϲ֮ɻ󣬡֮Ҳ֪ү紫ŵǰ飬٣С㣬ѵӣֵСи𣿡
⻰Ժ˵ɡ۹һУֻӱ⡣
ǡ֮Ҳʡ
ϸĲҶ诶壬֮óһ׸ɾ׼ϡ
ţͻȻƶ
֮Ϊţ𺣰
С㣬ô죿֮·һʱ֪롣
Ҷ诶Ҳû뵽ôͻһ뵽Լŵ֮ԼڷԸûµģȥŰɡ
ʲôŵʣߵߣסҶ诶֣诶û°ɣ
뿪Էٶȴͷ飬ȻַˣԺһֱӰһֱߵοĲ£żҴҸϻ
ҡͷ˵û¡
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үԹˡ֮ɵĻش𣬡ղ֮С壬ⲻ׼·ء
üϵˣ𣿲诶ΪβΪԣ
հɡҶ诶ĿȻġ
ģϲȴҲɣôʹĴӦ
ɻҶ诶ȴ͡⣬֮ĴŮ֮㲻ڣôӦԼһӦĹ̡
ʹԼôĲԸ
ֻǣʲô취
ûʱһ㡣ǣ죬ʱͣһ̣Ͳ֮ԼͲȥЩԸȥԵ顣
ţѾﳰЦԼʲôʱԼҲ˰ͷɳѵ
ҹǺܿĽ١
һգҲܿĹȥ
֮ԼҲһЩ
诶ҪϢඣžĹ⡣
šĵͷ
˼˵ҿĹԽԽԣǣһ˿ϲ
ν˼ûд·Ҳ˵ϴǻһεĳԡ
ȲԼ·ֻʣµʱһ£վûѡǺϲӵĸоǣҲ֪˿̣ʲô
ԣϴͬһӣ֣Ȼ䡣
Ҷ诶յһǳԡģԺҲ޴顣
ǣһˡֻΪԵ
ΪҶ诶ĳŵģֻչһ죬ˡãϾʹƽȵĺ
Ҷ诶ȴþò˯ǰǸְױǸС޵Ӱ֪ԼģԺӵĿδֹͣǸСģһȦһȦ
ԼҲһӣǸжã
ʼǿԼ۾
ܿǸɰı





014 ƻ

һ۱ײһ˫ŭ
˭ʡ
һ㶣ɻſô֪
һֱڽ֣켸ҧгݵ˵仰ң˭
ĻҶ诶ΣһЦļǸֻǣ֪ΪΣ󣬱ȻƮȻԶȥ
ң˭Цðɡ֣ԼȻʼǸбˡ٣ǰЦݣΪš
һѡƽ
еģȻ󣬵òϣ仰ʱܽš
޹ءӣȻǰˣôһ㡭ɰǣȻ붺
޹أȻķӦŭסСɵ°ͣŭ𣬡ҵŮˣҲˣʹУҲֻεң
İԵԼĶҶ诶ü°ʹʹʣƾʲô
ƾʲôͷǽգƾҺŮˣⱲӣֻҵģ
ôŷ̵𣬡үмŮˣ
һ㶣Ȼû뵽⣬ܿ죬ɿ°ͣһүжŮ˶Ϊ档ΪŮӣĵ¡ظǣѵ㶼֪𣿡
Ҷ诶Цһ۾
ñҵˣ⸱ģֻðŭȫתƵǸСϣ򣬱
ƺ϶ˣһˡ
ңҲ׼ٽ֣ңеôȣ첻òϣԼŷĴ⣬ԼŭⲻɶƵ÷š
һŨŨսҶ诶ĳĬաĺҲױƻһ뵽һˣȤҲ᲻
뿪Ҷ诶һ
ÿ춼߸жá֮Լڵӡ
ֻǡ
⣬Щʵʡ
ôԼֻٴڴʱһЩһЩ٣Ҫ׼
С㣬Ǹү뿪֮ڿڣֻǣֹ
Ҷ诶ȻʲôЦһ£ڵҵֿѣ֮׵ˡһû֮ǰѾСҾεﱧһǳɰı
ԭŮӡ֮һҶ诶ı飬СʵС㣬ǲǺϲ
Ҷ诶£ЦݲǰζҪһС
֮գ̽Ե˵С㣬ģ
ȻģҶ诶˵⻰Խ֮ǰԼҪԹӤ£һꡣ֮һЦ⣬Щ֣ʵ:֮ôôˣ
С㣬֮һ뷨˵֮ϣС㲻ҪŶҶ诶˵ıʱ˸Ĺâ͵ı飬֮һ㡣
֮֪ʲôҶ诶ֿʼЦ֮仰֪˵ʲôˡֻǣҲͬġ
С㣡֮Щżˡףү˶ԴС㣬ΪʲôСôС֮үСܺãСүӣǺܺ𣿡
Ҫһӣǡ
µĻҶ诶û˵ڡô֮Ҫģһûи׵ĺӡ
ҪһףҲϣһү
ǣǹŴԼûа취ʵˡԼôһӡ
Ϊʲô֮ﲻʡ˵ģү׵ĻĺܺÿСأŮһĺӣһƯƯ
ǰòϣ˧ԼǸ磬ҵô˧˿ҲסԼĺһ֪ʲô
뵽һҶ诶Ժžһ
ɲԡ
ȷʵ֮ԣҪȷһĶ
ԼǸרŵĻṩӣֻܿԼ취ˡ
֮Ҫʧġ
ôԼҪһЩΪҲǲ԰ɣ
ֻǣԼĳһӡ˺ĺӣһӶҪԵɫ˵˰ɣ
⣬Ҷ诶估䲻Ըġ
ôһȫ֮ߣڳɹ֮󣬰ȫ뿪أ
ȻǴű뿪
ңԲ֪
ô
Ҷ诶˳˼С
֮ﵱȻ֪Ҷ诶ԺﾹȻô붼뷨˵ֻ֮ǵΪˣҲͲٴ
ΣһֱĬҶ诶ϾȻ¶һ˿Щ΢Ц
һƻĵ





015  

С㣬үǰ֮Ŷ룬Ҷ诶ʱסˣµĻ˻ȥ
֮𣿡Ҷ诶ǰ֣΢Цʡ
֮عѿڶ
᲻̫һЩҶ诶ͷԼװ磬Ůĳȹڡ
ᣬᣬĺƯ֮￴е
һСǸ̵Ĵԣˡֻǣ֮ﲻΪʲôСϴνϴǸ㣬һȥү
ȷСһ磬ֱԭ֪Ư˶ٱϲСԭӡ
лл㣬šҶ诶Ҳó֮ϵһӣݸǸװŮӡ
ȻԼϲͣû취ΪԼļƻһ̰ɡ
ǰ𣿡Ҷ诶ġ
ǡ֮ƺЩʲô΢΢ҲСͨˣ׼үˣԲȲĴôƯȥү
ֻǣֵǣΪʲôնүС㣿
ǰﲻֹһʱҶ诶żѾջأһ£漴ֳǰȥ
ôˣǰˣһ˲ʧգʵϵѲȻϣҲΪǸбںҶ诶ңغռ˶롣ǲģѾʱҲ֪Ѿȫָжˡǣû뵽ӦԼİɡֻǣǰһˡ
ǰ泯죬ȴһ־ʣɾˬǰȹͷ˫ȴϺɫ۲ڸ˴⻪۵ɫ˫˿̾Ȼޱȡ
ֻ࣬Щס
ֻ㲻Ҫǵ֮ԼĿйлʧ诶Ƿһ˿ײ΢Ц֪пڻðȻǰԲ𡣡
ֳ΢΢ͷЦˣǲ˼Ǽղŵ̸ɡ
˵վת׼ȥ
ȡ
һʱŪͿˣתҪߣпԣ׼Ҫʸ
ŶˣһԷ㡣ֻǣĻû˵꣬ͼҶ诶˵һ仰
ˣҲعʲô£֪ˣοǰԼȥ졣
ά֣ļƻ˵²˵׬Ǯ£ǺȤġ
άջҶ诶ϵĿ⣬ЦݳȤζ˵⻰үŮƺͬѰ
οҶ诶ȤӣЩ죬ΪԼЩ飬ԼŮ뵽ɫѿ紫άֻƱȤ󰡣
ά֪ȤıտڣԳĴ˸ǺǣֻǾү˵ЩͬˡɫΪѿæ˵ү˴εԻүġ
һѾȥ˴룬һӣ֮£̸Ϳͣ
άͷվ𣬴ǡ㱻˴ֻǣòƺ¶һ˿ײЦոջ˫쾫⡣
󲽳Էȥ컹ڰơյƺкܴĲͬԼǸ֮ԼȻ˵ԼңĴ硣ۺֻ֣һ˵ԽͣǾѾԼ׼Լӡ
뵽ŲԼȻѽάˣǴδй£ΪŮӣȻ⣬ȷͷһΡ
ҲһΡ
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С㣬үˡ֮
Ҷ诶æ𣬱û뵽Ȼô죬Դǰʴ״ڴϣ˼ԼǶԣǲԡ
ǣȻ޷ȻһҪԼȻˣǾ޷˰ɣô˵ֻһѡģѱԼػʵʵ˭Ҳ͵ȥˡ
ѾôӣӦҲܶ˰ɣԼһҲδɰɣ
뵽ԺҶ诶ӴĿŶĺ졣
Բˣǰ˵û뵽ֵľȻҡҶ诶ĬĬ¶һ˿ЦֻǣҪҵӣҲҪһ㻥Ƿ˰ɣ
诶ûڽӦòԼѯʣԼһ𰸡
ֻҪӦҲ˺ЩԸһ顣˵Ѿõ˵ǣҶ诶վû֮ǰҲ뿪
Ȼˣ
Ļ쾹΢΢Щʧ˵ΪЩԼһ㣬ѵ£ûһΪүԭ
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첲һҶ诶ȻĻͷžɫЦˣҴӦ㡣ֻǣһˣҲ׼뿪ֻҪΪҵŮˣһӶҵŮˡ
ĻҶ诶ûзʱԼа취뿪
ֻ΢Ц첻ɵһ㶣ЦǺÿͷĵ£ŵȴǹϤζüһ壬ôװҲΪ˱𣿡
ֻҪϲνҶ诶ͷԼе͡
⵹ЩˡԼʲôʱ˵ϲװ磿ǸӵŴӰֻǣ֮£ԼϲǸ׵뵽ִ°ͣһΣЦΪԼϲͺá
Ϊ鼫ãԼδᣬο㲻װ磬ҲѾˡ
˵ЩʲôʵҶ诶ûϸֻǷܵĵͷһ˫̽Ե䣬Ȼ󻺻ſ˫ۻס
ȤζĿһΪľٶˣһȴЩɻ󡣼֮ԼҲ֪سŵ֮ˣǣҲżɣ
ڿǰ졣ͷЦĿͿһΣοŻš
Ҷ诶ô侲˿Ҳ˼˫ȥţȴһ§ס㶯á
ڲ֪𣿡ĹϷţֻЩ
˵꣬ѵͷҶ诶Ĵȥ
ǸбˡĶͻȻֹͣðһ仰
δ˵꣬Ҷ诶żСֿʼݵǰĦ⼰ԡ
ʣԺҲԡ֮ΪԼŮԺ󣬾ˡ
ԺţŭȴѱҶ诶ɬڣѾȥô࣬ǰŮˣڼҪġ
£ڻǴ졣
֮ǰѾ͹»һЩûǿģû˼ԲҪչ˱ÿʱޣҾʱ䣬ҲһʱдġҾѾ˵ӡʹдúࡣ⼸һֱûи£Ϊ¡סҲǴѧҲǳϰ壬һÿչBABYϹļͥ






016  

е񣬴¶һζǳЦڶ࣬òľ߲Ҷ诶ʤҲв٣ǣΪʲôûһŮܴǰĲһأ
ĵһΡ
Ҳ˵׸ԼģǴ֮
ӴÿһŮӶǴӣǣһΣһ
Լ鲻ĵϸļһһңʣԼ̬ȣȷе˵ǶǿȨ̬ȣӦԼŮӵӦ
ֻ֪һ
ֻԼɲһƺµŮӶһ
δ޵ŮӣǴ֮
ǣ
ǳĲ
οðһ
ߵǣĸӭϣһʾţǵһΡ
ԣֱİѹڴϣЩйƵһռ
ʹ
æͷǰ̧𣬿һĻң˫ۣ׵ıҧס˫Ȼ󣬲ٳ
ͣ˶һĨϧĴֻϲʼӡ
֮ȷϣֵ˾ϲ
ֻǣϲʼԼµĶҲࡣ
ڣϵɫƺѾûôʹ࣬Ĳķɡ
⣬ӦǵһԼϧŮӰɣ
ңƺӭԼΪʲô
ʣĻȴǼٲ˵ġԼиáһΣԼ§һŮһ˯һΣΪ̰˯ݶٳٲ𴲣һΣΪһŮӣĲɡ
ٴģһҲȥ
ԷЩ̧ȾҪ뿪鷿
ȴܼ⹪񣬡үά
ȴ˵Ҷ诶ӳ˯˫ֻۣоȫģ΢΢ЩʹУʲôʡ
෴һ˯ú
ҡҡͷһУһ˿Цǡ
ĵһΣڹȥˡ
ڣҲûеôʹ
ң˵ҪӣҪƺǷǣ֪ΪʲôҶ诶һĸо
ΪָоֵκͲҹûԵôΡ
ңûܶǰϷ
Ҷ诶ķ²١
٣̹һЩ
һûа˵Ǻ͸һǶ˵һĥرǣŮˡ
˻
о仰˵ȴøȥжŮǡ෴
һûаϴ˴ΪһܡŮͬŮһֱΪõ԰ϡ
Ҷ诶Щǵ͵ĸŮӣױ˵Ще
֪γɹûСҶ诶ĵ⼸ԼڣԲȲİԼԸԼ
ֻǣԼԺ뿪Ҫϸϸƻһ²źáһԼϷҪúݲС֮Ҷ诶ʱЩ֪һУ֪ôءң˼ֻںǰ¶š
С㣬𣿡⴫ߵ֮
ˣɡҶ诶Ļشʵڲǣȫƺòֻš
֮Ŷ룬һСɵ̣һð߲ԼµСˡ
С㣬˰ɡ֮ЦѶŵϣȥ׼Ҷ诶ϴþߡү֮ǰѾԸˣǲҪС㣬˵ҪúõϢֻǣղү˴Ҫ緹֮ﲻѲŽģû뵽СѾˡ緹һʱ䣬С
óϲҲүŮˣһܺúܺõ°ɣҶ诶жģȴ֪˵ʲôֻǴ·ʼϴ
ȴһ໹ûг꣬ԺѾ߲ΰүҶ诶һʱ֪˿ʣµİ࣬룬ƿ룬Ȼվԡ
ͽά̸飬ǴãǸΨͼˣȲĸԷ
Ҷ诶һǰŮӣǶôĸ߰ôĲôڲͬڣڳΪԼŮˡ
ֻǣʲôһأ
ԣ쾹Щʡǰס裬ԼĻ
Ҷ诶ûз§Լ
һʱ˾Ȼ
ãƳĬ˯ÿɺã
⼸գܲܶԷϵģҶ诶Ȼðһ仰
䲻֪ԭȴúһϲŮ˶һġ֮ǰô߰ΪԼŮ֮Ҳ˳Сһ㡣ֻǣϲ֮࣬һɵʧĵסȴ¶֣Цʣô벻𣿡
ҲɣҶ诶һƽ
ãӦˬ졣ƴǲɵ
οԼϲˡ
Ҷ诶Ĵ˲¶һ˿ǳǳЦ⡣
һһŮ㾴Ұɷˡ
үԷȻٲӵߡһʱ֮䣬˻ϲǡ
ʼӿ
ԲʱƢһЩҿǿĵļ飬⼸ձЩԸˡҵı5£һЩҲһ㣬






017 ů

֮ûаϢ𣿡Ҷ诶ЩСѾȥˣȴȻӰ
֮ҡҡͷ֪Сֻϻĸ飬ҲϣСʧı飬ǣûа취Ѿ˺ܶȥѰҰһϢҲûС
Ҳؼȥأ֮ﰲοߣٹһʱ䣬ԼġС㣬ͱˡôͣΣյġ
Ҷ诶ֻõͷ̾һҺûԵְɣ
С㡭ֹ֮
ѾüˣСһֱү˯鷿Լ֪ĹأǣЩѾߵҲ֪һЩţС󵨵ӣûй
ôˣҶ诶ͷʵ
Ǹү
֮ûµġԼзִ硣Ҷ诶δ˵꣬ʹĻֻǲ˯û˯鷿ȫԵȥԼҪ˯鷿Ҳûа취
֮ЩƶǶĵͷ˵Ӷ۰Ͱ͵үȥǣСΪʲôҪүأ
Ҷ诶Ȼ͡һ㲻ú춯ɣȻʮ˸
˵⣬ȴҲǿ
οڵ顣
֪εĽ֣ɹûС
Ҷ诶ĵ顣ɹǴԼʵʩƻ뿪ˣûУǾͱʾԼҪǸһ
һʱ˵ƭ˵ġòϣǸи֡οֶȻǻġֻǣûаԣЩ˴ﵽҵľ硣ȻҶ诶֪밮ʲôζģ֪Բָо
˦˦ͷЦԼô뵽ЩǰӦĵģԼûлС
ûһξͳɹİɡ
ôɡ
ֻǣǰ͸ˣȴûж
뵽⣬͸о¸΢΢ϤʹС
Ҷ诶һգȻʲôʲô
Ȼûгɹô
Ȼ֪һξͳɹǣǽҵϣԼԵóѡ
£Щ˺ˡԼԼίȫùˡ
ԽԽǷģ¸ҲǴְ㣬ʹ
⵹ЩˡԼʹôˣ
֮ȥԼһˮԼ̫ʧԭ򡣿ЦһڴϣȴԽ÷꣬ʹҲ֮ơ
š֨ѽƿҶ诶ֱ֮۾Ҳûü
ﲻ𣿡
ģǺ
Ҷ诶۾ûȼһŻҲת˸˱
ӣǻָԭ飬оЩˣڴ诶˰ɡ
һ˾һҶ诶ԽԽðգоǱˣһ㣬Ȼǲѡ
쵹ҲգʵҪҪдһ
ãҲлش𡣺̾һվ
ĽŲԽԽԶҶ诶һٲߣԼˡ
ȴ룬ŲͣţԽԽ
ԭֻȥѺˮŵȥˡ
Ҷ诶һȴǺȻЬ࣬һԾѾҶ诶ڲ࣬һҶ诶ѾĻ
ʲôҶ诶ֻǶδԼɫĴæ
ּ⸱ĸϻģ쾹оЩڴҪһץøͷҲȥѰĴһ㡣
Ҷ诶ʱǼᶨԼ뷨嶯ãҲֻǺ޺޵İͷ˹ȥ
ղ֮Ѿ֪ʱ״ȻĶֻǣתͷȥĴ̲סķ䣬Լ㡣
ã˶ûٶ
Ҷ诶ƺҲоûͼתǼȴòĴˣȴ§øоĴϡͣԼͦıϡ
㲻ԹɺãҲܱ֤ԼʲôͳԸУһַֻҶ诶ļԼıһֻȴȥ
㣡Ҷ诶ٴηȴĴԼĸͲٶʱžһʹƺˡ
Ҫָмȴִżϡ
Ҷ诶˵ʲôȴֻ죬ʲôҲû˵
ΪһůůĸоĴɢĸȫʹƺڻ⡣
Ҷ诶˿Ļٶ
Ȼ뵽֮Լ岻ģҲȥôֻоĴĸᰴĦģԽԽůԽԽůʹȻʧˡ
㡭Ҷ诶˴룬ſԼֻ˵һ̧֣۱㿴Ŀ⡣
Щ𣿡
ллˣҶ诶Щ̿ڡ˵ԼϲռԼ壬ǣܷϣĻĺ
οԼĺҪů
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ֻһĻڲһ汾ˡصļwww.2 7 t xt.c o m (ȥС˵)ṩÿС˵Ŷ





018 

λãܸøⰡƿ˶˵ֻȿڡϾԼһ˵뵽ġ
ʮŮ˵̣ݸͬȴǻòȶˡ
˿̼ƿڣ˶֪ʲô˼ȴңҿ㣬˴
ΣһԳŮ˵ãӦûôذɣڰǴҶйûмǴǰһʱ䣬ү޵Ҳи°ɣ˵үϲǷǣǻɢ˰ɣ
㣬үʱӦ֪үʲôʱһŮĹֹԷңⶼˣȻһˡ׵ǣ˵үүһ˯鷿˵۽ǣүʲôʱֿܹడ
˲ŵͷҲ˵ˣȷʵסŮӳ޴ӷӦԷΪ죬˶Դүˣɫ֮͸һ˿Σֻ£ү֮°ɣ
ŮӽһϾ㶼ֳݰ֮ɫ޸ү˭ΪǷޣңô˧ɫүֻǣڿĵļįֻԼ˰ɣ
Ҳܾ˵ɫЩżүȽϳǣܳãһꣿꣿʮꣿҪɫ˥ɣһܻڵĵǡ
˵ȻסڣǲߵѾߣϷţ۹һһɨˣſڣǶ֪ΪϵԭүûáڽӦҲֲܹ׵ʹࡣ
ΧȻŴ͵͵ĳһʱ֮䣬Ů㶼ۿ΢죬ȥɷ
ԼĺӣһŮԸ°۽ǵˮʵΪү飬Ѿ˲ֹһˡүʮֻǵġ
ǵŮӻỳүĺӣ˲Щżһֱ˫͸ЩүһֱҲûпܡĸƾӹֻµʱǵӱڻɣ
ҲˣƼĿĴﵽЦүֻҪһӣŮռȣɷ
ӼΪһᱻһƷˣ˵ҫһŮУƼ˵ū䲻ԴȴֻС˼ңүŲԣܼ޸ү򸣣Ӳֻǣƶλòֵ˵ɣǻϴͻ飬ǵѧʿ֮ŮһƷˣҲֻݵ˲ܹκһóҲǸŮǿٱ
һ˵һЩġü򭣬ͷҵںܲܵһƷˣֻǣһҰֻ֪ӰϺүֻǣ֪ʲôûУ
Ӧȥ̽̽ǸŮ˵Ŀڷ磬˶檵ģοүǸøүɲһ˵ġ˵Ĵ㡣
ҲãȻүŮˣǴҶǽˣҲ⣬ǾӦûһ°ɣ
ĵƤҲ˼ҲûмȥģһǣһƷ˵£ˡҲҪһͷôϵ˵ף
ݲȥ˵֮ĹĶǣȴ˵һԷȴҶ诶бԺϣ˫ۣ񻹺С˫һһµĴŽģһʵģòڡ
Ǻ޵ȴҲĽޱȡͬŮˣ˼ҹʲôӣֻǣʲô취үôصģ
һʱ֮䣬λŮζӳ£ǰߣ
ǰҶ诶йɤδѾڨЦúа
Ҷ诶Ҳ죬۾ûֻͣ˽ϵĶſ˫һ֮¶һ˿ܵЦ⣬ڵԭ֪кιɰ
ϵǻֻǣû뵽ǾȻôסڲʦ
Ȼ֪ԼûǿЦǣκһŮҪɷԼǶǲԵģΪˣԼһ˵ģе檵ġ
ߣȻġֻǣʱֻǣǣС֣ע͵һ˯ʱӵ뻳ÿÿЦúòģûεЦңóʹҶ诶ôɫȻúܿġ
ˣһԣ
֮ͣͷΣ
ңһϲɣ
ǰһȺŮ˾õӡ
Լԭ򣬿ҲֻܱԹſɶֻЦ˭˿ް
㣬㿴ӣסĸ첲ƵĻš֮˵ûŮӣү
Ҷ诶һˣүһأҲ벻˻ϵۣԵһƷˣЦã诶ÿǸУڶδѧᣬͲҪˡ
һĻҶ诶˫ۣ㿴һⱦŮӡ˵Ҳ׿ԽֻǣԼҪϵķ˵̫ˣ׵˲˫˫۾͸ЩơҲһﲻһԹɣ
Ҷ诶չһ춼ټĲõЦգҪʧˣνǲмȥѧġһ֪֮ȴΪε
һ⻰֪ΪζƵġֻǣӣԲǡⲻлһ͸λһ
诶ǧᣬǰȥҶ诶֣ڨЦǴֻˡ˵үڲͬһȻǲһˣѹү˻ϲ
Ҷ诶֣תһ࣬ϴŨŨ֬ˮζٴοȻЩ棬Ҳˣû£뿪ɣ㲻Ĵһ𣬿ֵλݡ
λŮĻͨ졣ٲãǺôҲүӣûһ˸ѿ鷳ģȴ룬ƸסҪǴȥԺôūǰ˰
Ҷ诶㿴ˣǿүӣһģοǱȽ˵ҪǿǣΪү㼸ͳ˾ˣүҵʱ㻹֪أ
ҿǸɲʮĺ꾫ô
үôῴһŮӣȲᣬҲ£治֪ôԻүģ
һԣһҶ诶һɬΪԼΪǡ
ֻΪһˣǵһӾˡУδʮŮӡԼǸʱ䣬ഺŸոտʼȴѾˡûа飬û飬ʲôഺ
뵽ȻһɶԺԹǣ˵ĳ̤ĳȥ
㿴ңҿ㣬ȴûһ˸ȥס֮ǰõ˵ǻû˵ڣĿȥˡ
ҲգȻ°첻ɣ뷨ӡ̾һɢ˰ɣ
˷׷׳Ҷ诶ķ˼ۣŲĵɢȥֻʣƶ˵ʲô
ǰձûи£ٴĵǸ






019 

⼸տʲôĴָҶ诶ļͷôоЩأ
Ҷ诶Ҳܣֻתͷȥ۾û£̫ȣûʲôθڶѡ
˺̾һǴǰȥԼ֮ΪһлЩ仯رΪԼŮ֮󣬱ĽԼԼӡ룬ֱԭǸǧ֮ĸ߰Ůӣң֮ǰй֮޲
ȻӲͷŮӣʵûмֻǣʹӲʩȴЧ
ϣҪģֻˣǣõ֣֮Ҫࡣܶʱʲô޷ȷָоȻЩûɵģԼƺЩһʱ⡣
ʹԸҲš
֡
ңЩԼ硣
ǣȴӲȥмԵɡԼƺʲôߣǣģĸ飬úûаȫС
ΪԼģݡ
뵽ʣԼһ
ݣ

Щȷԣ뿴øһЩ
õİ취ȻǶӴ
һֻǿ񵭵ݣҲůůġעһ£üۣҲһȤ
а˰ɣ
װᣬмЦװûΣһѳóүѹ
ȴһ仰˵ûκ
˵£ǸŮ˶ĴѵӶ۰Ͱ͵ĵ㣬αǿҡ
֪ΪŮһֱйĹߡ
Ҳֻ֪ǡ
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ֵǣϵò㣬ԼȻûȥŮȥй
ȥҶ诶վæʵ
æαػҶ诶ɨһۣˣһᡣ
ҲˣҲһᡣ˵һϲ󲽣ߵߣȻݵ档
Ҷ诶ͣסŲһЦҽ첻æοղųҲأ
Ҷ诶ЦĿүΪʲôԼǰЩЩ
Ϣȥ鷿Ҷ诶תҪߡ
诶쳤һȻǰ棬ֻסͷЦͲ𣿡
Ҷ诶Ϣ˫ѷƵĻǰһۣſڣҪ˵Ļ
Ȼǡͷµһ㣬Ķϣ˫һ𣬡ֻǣҺûԽ߰ɣ
ǰֻǴӦǿǼ£ǣû˵§§
Ҷ诶ûɵһ˸С˵νүĶԼǿԼҲûа취ġӳڣı˺ܶࡣôῴԼ⣿
ֻǣάֶã
˵飿
ߣԲš
ʹУҲֻһʱġ
ıױ磬װһͱԴ׵Ϸ롣ֻΪ֤ԼҲֻһƽŮӣûʲôͬʱȻͻԼԼʱһʲôͿ뿪Լ
ǣƲֻʵʩ˼زˡʵǲӦԼŨױĨ˵ҪΥĵֺú졣
ԣı˼ƻ
ֻǣƻȻ˵
˺κһˡοڶ˵شˡԣ˸֮࣬ˣǰĵĻסﰵԲ𣬶Բ𡣡
оӵһϲҲȥᱧȥ
ԡ
ˡ˫ϣڴϣѾѹȥ
Щεı˫ֻۣԼһ뿪ҲǷڡ
̾һ˫ۣĴ
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ܿ죬ϲšǣɬȴѾ˺öΣǣĲһѧЩɬǣѾӡ˺ܶˮںĴϣϸȴ׾֣ôҲ޷⿪ĳ
ƿȫǳ磬ҵĺ诶ÿһ춼ˣǸöã
ӦٵȥԼϵ˫ͳԸУ诶֪ж㣡
ͷĴҶҰ˿ıݣļȡѾķ
ˣˣ³ǣˣ죡һ֮Ҷ诶ںĻмǸ⣬мּᶨҲмϲ






020  

С㣬ӦúӶһ۾ۣһİ֮Ҷ诶ȥһתһ룬Цˡȥǡ
֮ЩȥҶ诶Ǹһ˿ЦôɲΪĥʱ䣬ġ
վ֮ǸԲεĹţԺһСѾ֡
Ѿ߸ϽȴҶ诶һקһ
ѾһģҶ诶ЦЦֵݸһƱҪΪʲô˵ȥͿˡº۷ʲô㶼ҪҸղ˵Ļ߱ˡһǧƱ㹻ˣ죬Ҹɣ뿪ɣ
Ѿ۾ƱֻоһڱžһԼϣһʱ֪˼ˣֻǻеĶҶ诶ͷ
ãƺӦ
ɻҶ诶ĿģҲлҪ˵ⲻıȥķڣζԸҶ诶أ֮ȥˣû֮һ˵Ȼ˳ˡ
λɣǲ֮Ҷ诶һ죬ָԱߵĲλԼȴλûж
Ҷ诶˵µױ̸ֹ֮侹һ˵ǡ
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ȷʵ֪ڣ֪Ϊ£
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˵仰Ƕɫһ䣬ƿڵ
Ҷ诶ɨһۣϳɹĴĻƿڣҲûá
ЩǶ֪ƷƵ˵õ˵ʲô
ＱȴװһģҶ诶ٴΪǱ
ûõϢҶ诶ȷˡôܣһƵүȻʮȥʵû뵽ġ֮ǰıļƻ֮زۣҲϢйءȹ󣬵һͷǣ뿪
ٶ뿪
һж
ҲΪˣԺʱǸλֹΪԼ⣬Լ뿪ˡҪǣԼһߵģһˡô˵ӦΨһá
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ԼĶ
˵ĿﲻѴһеԭ򡣵ϵλ˵Ǻ칰õġԭ򣬲ö֪Ҫǣ컹رϵû˵ʲôǵ̫Ĳ£ûһּ˵ΪĳЩԭ򣬺ʮ֮ǰ
˵ϱⲢ˵ģǺΪ̫ȫģּġ
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Ҷ诶Ц˦˦ͷԼôЩ֮Ҫߵߵ˺޻ɡ
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ڵЦˣЦЩģҪ˵ҲԼ˵ûԺյļǣҪ˵ԦˣǻԶأ
㣬꾫߳ŭվָҶ诶û뵽Ҷ诶Ŀŵ˵ⷬΪүôõӣͲһƷˣ
ģҲ˵Ҷ诶豭һڣֿڵʱҷƢȥúүģüأ
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ȷ򵥣үֶһˣԣҪӳ顭ƻδ˵꣬ͼǰͷ߹һѾߣ
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Уˣʵ˵Щʲô
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λɼǰһץסѾߵֱֹۣԺи˳ƺҲ˲١
ѾˡѾЩŵ˵ҲЩǼְҶ诶̸Ļ˵˳Ǻ͡Ǹɼ˵Ψһİ취үʶĿǿ취׻үڰүͲˡ
԰ǰôû뵽أϲ˫ֺʮлնȥ㣬Ϊܽ
ˣһжڰˡ߶꣬һѾߵյ£ɶ֪
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Ȼɵͺ˵ʵ顣ֻ˵Ҷ诶ЩүǺҪ¡ү棬ǾԲ˵ġԣίүվһ
ȴ˵챾ЩŮ֮¡֪ʲôӣԣ϶ĻƢǵǣԣǲŻԼȥ
ҹᣬһĨԼ֪Ц⣬ЦῴԶˡүƺδԼЦ
תһ룬ĳƢζԴЩӵģ£ȶӦԼ˵Щʲô
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ǮȨٻ󣡡ǵҶ诶ԣұҪҲһᵱϵģ
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Ҷ诶Ҳȥƽϣڣǵˣ㣬Ҳ޷
һ£ֿڣˣһУԽͶͱԽϧ㡣ֻж룬ܹݣ֪󡣡
ȭͷԽԽ޼ָ׶Ѿݺݵ
ЩǹõĺܣҲˣνүҿǰ˳ƴӡһСһˣһţȻٸһӡ
һ򣬲ûվȣֻоĵطƺ˺ݺݵĴһȭ
ƵһֻоҶ诶ǵ죬үǣС
ˣҶүǲģǣûĵġˣֻǱõĹ߰ˣ
˵仰Ҷ诶㳯ſڿȥ
ȻһŭӦ
ɫһֵվ⡣
ˣڶƪտʼƪƪϴλ֧֡






001 

С㣬ʲô£ֱ߳˫ۺ׵֮ﻹǲ֪׷ʲôһСмӵүŭɱˣңûһ˿¶ȡҴһۣ֮ûиҿ˫ѪӣֻһĹڵС顣
ûˣڳˡҶ诶ٴοЦϵץ񣬿ɾû뵽ôءǸӣҪɱһ㡣ֻ£û˶ɣԣķӦŻǿҡ
ǣүΪʲôô֮ﻹǲ⡣ףֻһϣΪʲôᷢ˱仯
Ҷ诶ҡҡͷǸѵԺﾹôҲ֮ȥǻûһ˿ů뿪ҲҪҿ㣡
Ҷ诶Ҳû뵽˸ɴķԼ뿪˵仰æڵϵ֮ҲƵ뿪ºͻȻڡ
֮ʶؼҵ·𣿡Ҷ诶˫ۣŬԺģٴοڣѾƣ
Ȼʶ֮æͷС㣬ȻؼҰɣҲүˣǵġ
Ҷ诶ҲȥĻִֻӻͳһƱݸ֮ڵ֮ǧƱǺͺġѾһǧһǧʣһǧȥɡضԺ󣬺ú
С㣬㣬ʲô˼֮ɴ۾ȥƱ㣬Ҫңһ˻ض壿
δҶ诶شּôСȥ
֪Ҷ诶Ц𣬡Ҳνˡ
Ϊβضأ֮Ҷ诶֣һȥɣһڵأ
Ҳȥֻǣȥ塣Ҷ诶Ƶ֣ΡٴΰƱ˵֮ԺԵǻټġ
С㣬ҲҪֿ֮ץסĸ첲Ȼ㲻ض壬ҲءȥҸȥ
ôԣҶ诶ж飬Լв֪֮ڣôأ֮ĸ磬壬ļҰһҪȥ֮ǰȲѡѾûˣҲûȥˡҲ˸
ҾȥҸ϶ҵġ֮ҵİƱҶ诶ѾˮС㣬ҸһҾ϶ˡôԲҪأ
֮ôǲҪ㣿Ҷ诶ЦŲᣬɵѾͷԼ㡣кܶ㲻֪ңҲҵˡӦ֪һֱ㵱õġȻҵãҸȥˡضȥҸ㱣֤һȥģ𣿡
С㣬ȻҵãôҺֿ֮ΪЦҲܣҾҪ㡣׽һοҸ˵ʲôʱ򣬶Һúչ㡣
֮ԣҶ诶һЦ֮ȥ¶նġϾǵԼ뵽ڵ֮Ժһֻǣи
ҴӦҶӦֻҪ뿪㡣֮ͷ絷⡣
Ҷ诶ꡱЦŰƱغɰץ֮˫֣֣µ˵ڿʼԽС㡣ұ㳤꣬ͽҽɣ
֮ͷ˼һҧҧ´һţڵҲˣ㵱㿴ġСҵĽ㣬һúչ˽㣬ģ
ӣҶ诶̲סЦСɵϣôأǶҵ˵أˣ
ҿȲҲˡ֮ҡͷԵ
Ҷ诶һ㶣ҪѾͷ㣿
㣬˵갡֮ƤһЦ㣬ӦǾ֮ϵŮȻͲ
ô𣿡¶һŮӦеĵƤ飬Ҷ诶Щʮ꣬Ҫ˷룬Լ뿪뵽һӵס֮˵֮ллϺһҴӦ㣬֮ڣһžۡ
㣬Ҳҵ˰֮һʱסӵסҶ诶Ľꡣ
ˣ߰ɣҶ诶Ĳ۽ǵΣǣ֣֮󲽳ǰȥ
ûˣûа飬һԼܵ΢ĸ԰ױǻѰһǰϺԼͬʹá
㹻ˡ

㣬ȥ֮Ҳ󲽸Ҷ诶Ĳװ·ȻǺ޹˼ɡ
Ҳ֪ȳ˵Ҷ诶˵⻰ͻȻŤͷ֮ɵϣĸ硣
ǣ硣֮Ľе
Ҷ诶ȰƱһһų˳ţ˴һһŶϷȥ
֮ЩҪ㡣һҶ诶ѹ֮˵
㣬ʲô£ӣ֮ҲС
һˡδ˵֮꣬Ŵ죬Ҷ诶ּۿ죬æǰסûнгʳָڴϣһĶֿڵҪ£Ҫܡ
֮ͷ˵Ҫӣԣ뿪𣿡
ֵ֮ͷֻǣڶԻ
£ֻ֪֪ԶҪõ֪㣬ĸ硣ԣҶ诶ڶǣûа취֪֮Ҫģһһ죬˵һȻһᾡһһټ죬ҲԲҪ˵¡Ҫģ𣿡
֮ͷ͵ҡͷ
ܶ飬㻹⣬Ҳ֪ôͣҶ诶̾һֻҪӦңԲҪκˣͶˡԺ׵ġ֮𣿡
ܣҶ诶֣صı飬֮䲻֪еԵɣҲ֪¹شȻҲ֪үûã֮ᱻǿд̥ġһţͨˣ϶᲻ãԣ뿪ġǣΪʲô㲻ү֪
ǣ˼ǣҪһ˰𣿡
ǣ㲻Ǻࣿ
Ҷ诶ͷԣҪ뿪һûʶҵĵطºӡ
֪ˡһúչ˽ġ֮һ˵ı飬ĵ˵
Ҷ诶ЦЦһÿ¡
֮Ҳ˰ɣҿǰмҾ¥ȳԷϢһ£ٸ·ɣ
á֮Ӧţ̽ͷȥǸϳ
ֻһߺȣͣˡ
֮³ӣ磬㡣
һûôҶ诶֪ǵԼĶӣЦŻش
ֻǣһȣһֵ̧ͷһһӰ֮
֮СģҶ诶һץס֣֮һԡ






002 ǿι

ȴӰײһİϣһѷϣ£վȡ
δüֻԽԽֻͷһӣͷһԲñţҲʲôطҳ¥İͣҿˡ
ҲǣûСײ֮æת󱳵ϣæҡͷ֡
⵹ˣǳ԰ͣôԲñš
λ磬Ѿ͹ˣҵӴǱ͵͵ˣӶˡ
͵ˣԲñ´һҿǸ͵õģȴ룬һ硣ճҼʮӣѵѵ㣬¥Ժ󻹿һȸҵǮ
ҪҪ˸ĵϣĲǳ԰͵ġһȥǮ֮ڣұض˫ķǮòã
Բñ㵱ɵӰ
һԣ׷˵ġ
δ˵꣬Բñһ֣ӣҿƭӣϣ
Ҫ
ǻĦȭƵҪҶ诶Ҫڣ˴һţ˱סԼȡ
ԭղŰ֮˲䣬Ҷ诶ѾһػصϣңվϣۿһĻ־硣
λ磬Ҷ诶ץ˾һ㣬Ҷ诶˫ȱø
ιſҼСſҸ磡Ҷ诶û˵֮Ѿȥץ˵ĸ첲
һͷԼ§˼ҵ˫ȣ㶼ˣҲȷʵףһ죬æ֡ת׷æץס֣֮еСֵܣҰ
ιʲôˣɵģϽÿȭۣ˵˿ɱǣԲñںҶ诶е̶ֶЩ£֣Ÿʲô
ס֣Ҷ诶ŭһ컯֮£Ŀŵ״ˣǣδҲ̫Ŀˣ
վøߣ͸ϣ˾Ӹ˵һЩԵһ㶡
ԲñȷӦҶ诶ʲһˣ㳯Ҷ诶һȭλ̨ˣǲĿŵ޹ˣʵ˳˷ӣǳ԰͵ģʵɶ񣬲ѵһ£ͻĵģôһ֣˷ӣô
Ҷ诶Ҫڣ˳ԼĳۣͷһͰ͵ĿԼλӣҾû˵ѣҲǳ극ŷǮġο˵˻ؼҸӣǾǲšɣ
Ҷ诶Ŵ磬ȴ͸Źɹ֮䣬֪֮ˣ۹ϣϸһһüĿ㣬״ʮιӡ˵ϴЩҳЩǱȴڲסĴɡ˿ȥʮ˾˰ɣ۹⣬ȴ峺红ͯһ㡣
Ǯ˰ɡҶ诶ߵԲñǰЦ𣿡
ȻǿԵġԲñЩ⣬ȴڲסϵϲɫֻǣٷǳʮӰ
⻰Ҷ诶Щ⣬ͷȥǿ㹫ӣȴõͷҿԼ
֪ˣҲҪȥòͣһɣ˵⻰ͷ֮ȥԷ
λ룡Բñ˵ȷӦֿޱȣȲ֪˴æͷ
Ҳɣ߳Ҷ诶ֻͷι˵
лλԮ֣СӶҶ诶ȭ֪䣬ұضлⷹǮض˫
Ҷ诶ĵضĸ˼ҵĹӣ£˼ɱضǱ軵˵ģһٷȻʮ֮ࡣ
Ҷ诶Щ˼ͷȥֻһƵĴ֪䡣
˵ĻšҶ诶ĿڣΪ⻹Ǯ֮¡ֻһ£ʮӿɲСĿЩǮһС˼ҹϺüˡӼԺգںЩ֮󣬳ԲϷ˱ȱȽǡ
˵˵ͷȴԽ̧ԽߣֱҶ诶ͻȻڵǮһҪġڽٷҲû뵽֮Ϊ̫ûеˣֻϼ˭֪ͻô࡭
˵ͷֵȥ
ӣҶ诶֪û˵ѣҼȲһȴ룬Ūɳ׾
뵽Ҷ诶ЦˣλСֵܣˣֻԺܽܽѵʮӣؼȥɣ
绹ûи˭סҺȥǮûнӣȴһѯʡ
ˡԺлᣬһЩҪ˼ң͵ǻǮ˰ɣ˵Ҷ诶첲һ죬ϣɣ
ôԣЩˣǮһҪģ
ʲôƵģæڣ˵£ҲǾġ
˵⻰оЩԣһ죬ǰ˴Ӳҳ˵͵ܳѾ˺öˡҸǿȴշĵġ
ԣҶ诶ϸŶǴ򣿡
ǣҽ
ʲôҽ֮ЦҵûпСС;ԳҽǣԼԼİɣ
֮Ҷ诶ֹסĻΪѾͨˡ
ҽʦ˵⻰ֶҶ诶ԣǮһҪ
߰ɣҶ诶֪˵ЩʲôʱֻǼԼСֲ꣬£˷ѵϰߣʱ鲻Լǰ㣬ҲͲкν
㻹ûиأ˾Խһ㣬û˿Ҫ뿪ļ
ιôҸѾ˵ˣ㻹Ǯ𣿡֮һü
֪ǣǮһҪ˵ԭ򡣡˵ֲһ䣬⣬պ󶨻̻壬ˡ
Ҷ诶ҲȥԹԵĽ˷˿ʼԷ
ȴϣֱǳԱ߳¥˾Ǹǡߵò죬һֱںಽ
ǮһҪġ˼Ҷ诶ƿ򣬲ֹһȥʦңҲĻġ
֪Ǹʲôʦ̳һǿԽͽܡ֮Ц
Ҷ诶ͬĵͷ
ȴ֪պļλҽ֪ǰ˵ľǿͬһȣС׼ס

ڶЦ˾ڽԱ߽Ҷ诶򿪽ͼͷ󺹣ͨ죬Ŵ룬³
Ҷ诶ΪͨˣͣסҲˣҾʹ˱ɣ
ǣؿڣۻˣһ취٣ȥǻȻ˵䣬ǷǮ޷黹ԣҾˡ
ʲôӣҶ诶ЩЦ˵ǿȴ͸Щɰ档






003 ˽ҽ

Ȼ㲻һǮΪ
˵Ҷ诶һ⻰Ӣ۾֮˵˵ǣεεģūΪֻ
ӣ˵ǣꡱЦ
˼Ҷ诶ˣüЦʲôġ
֪ģҶ诶ֹסЦã˵ɣʲô
ҿΪūһҲãҲգʲôʱǮʲôʱ뿪˺ܴľģ֣ص
Ҷ诶ȴһ˻治һԽԴôôأ
ҿû˭ҵūôߵٺġҶ诶Ȼ֪е顣ʮأһ¾ܻģ
ǣĸҲԣɫǵͨ죬ǣֻ¡
Ҷ诶֡˵Ǹӵܰɣݿʣν˶ʲ˵ǰɣǣоֹûмһ㡣
ΣҶ诶ߵһԣԶԶģſڵλӣʵ˵ĿԣǮͲû˰ɣ
ôУ˼ǮһʳѰġ
Ҷ诶˵ʲôæڵѾˣ빫Ұɣ˿һϴ£ʰ֮ңڵġ
Ҷ诶ױܡʵԿӱ޵˦Ҳһƭƭǣݴ棬ЩޱЩ̡ӣû
պƭֻ»ˮһ͸һҳ
֣ȻǴôһ¡
һ㶣ŷӦһסҶ诶֣һָ䡣
һ֮£ʧɫæ˺һ۾´Ҳ˵
˰ɣǸŮӣȷе˵һѸҶ诶ֳһ㱯ӣҷȥҹ¶ĸһӡ˵ӣôܻأ
ɫһһףƺղŶҶ诶֮βſڵˡ¸ղð֮С㲻Ҫ֡Ȼ֪ŮӣǮҸҪˡһԼġοŮӸ·δ̫ȫҸţӦû᷽һЩ
Ҷ诶ĵһ·֪˭˭أ
Ҷ诶˵ֿڵҪģиߣ᷽ġ
ԣҶ诶۾һòϣɣܴ
ҴӦݲǼūҵѣΣ˼Ҷ诶˵ⷬ
ģЩϲϲõЦݸԵ⿡ʡ
Ҷ诶е֮һ¡
֮ҴӦ£ңǿܻһµʱ䣬ʶһ°ɣ˵Ҷ诶ָŲԶĲݵض˵Ļȥܽܡ
ϯضҶ诶ָ֮֮ҵĺýãҽҶ诶ΪͻȻʣ뿪֮أ뿪˼磬ȴ֪ҪȥȻ󣬾㡣
⻰ڽԼҲ˵֮˵©졣
֮һ㼸仰Ͱү˵ˣԹԣˣ
չʦСҾλԺҲƺҡҴСʦɽѧҽٳɽҺ߽ԼҽжʦӦҡһǰҸʦ˸͵͵˳˭֪һµʱ䣬Ӿͻˣţǡ
֮ȿڣӣǱ˼͵⣬ƭ˰ɣ
֮ҪЦˡҶ诶Щɫæ濪⣬ˣȻҶʶˣôи顣ԺƣӦû˺ܶ鷳λΣ
ҵطסӻһһȻٰװôŮסһû֣ܹ鲻á
ûϲɫȿڡ
Ȼ˵ֻǿǿܵˡ֮뿪Ц
Ҷ诶Цһۣɫҽʮ꣬Ӧǽɣ
һѯ֮󣬵֪֮ʮ꣬ʮꡣ
Ҷ诶֮ĳΪ㣬֮֮ΪСá
ºҶ诶Ϊβˣҵ׸˵ôȴҲڱƭ͵ˣҲڱ׷ŴҲ֪֡ǣ㿴أͽõͦÿģȴ廨ͷһֱִԽ˭ϲ簡
ֻǣ֪ⷬȴպΪҶ诶ЦİѱǺ󻰣Ҳᡣ
㣬ȥİ˭˭Сȷ֮󣬹ٲȻλŮӵԼĽˣ֮䣬òڡ
һûȷȥһȽϰĴׯѺҶ诶ЦҲ̫ˣҿԼ򣬲֪ᷢʲôء
һµʱҲȥ˲ٵطһӸӡر磬ȥɣ
Ҷ诶֮ͬͬ顣ǣҶ诶֮ػ복档
ι߽ʲôջûУ֮Ͻ磬ȴܺ͡ιιȥĽ
ҲЦŻش𣬡ܶడ֪ķģ
֪Ǯı͵𣿡֮գ۾ǣǹ԰͵ģ
ʦСͽ̵ңΪ˲̰Ϊ˲ƭΪ˲ȱҲһֱôģôȥ԰أЩƺ֮ﻰĻɡ
ҲǸ˼֮ҲĲˣæ͵ֻǾãе㱿ѣǺǡ
ҲɵЦŻͷҶ诶ʦҲ˵ң˵նϲ⣬Բ㽭ҿϻǺ˶డ˵ǡ
Ҷ诶֪ԸΪɽͬ˽ʲɵġȴҲƭ
˶𣿡֮ЦˣôͰ͵ӵС͵Ҫȵľ¥ֶˣ
㲻˵һˣһӣԣǲǺˣ
Ҷ诶Ҳ̲סǺǡЦ
Ҳ˵ֻǿҶ诶Цչ˺Цա
һ·ϣŹŽϵļ£ų续ķ羰Ҷ诶һ˲Ļ㱣һУԼĴǸԼҪӵһԼĺ
ֹЩһܵܡ
ϸ˵Լ˽ҽ
񲻴ֻǣɵɵӣ֪ҽΣ˵ʦҽ𣿰Ժ󣬵ҪҽȻԼɲöĺӿЦ
ߴ֮ЦҶ诶Ҳ۾һеˣ






004 Դ

˯еҶ诶۾Ѿף˯⣬ϢĴ·ų
µЩ΢еζһڣ˶ˬ˺ܶࡣҶ诶Ժеʯϣȹǲɾ¶ˮ󣬻
ɫ֦ͷڿһ㣬˷еԽ𾢡
ģе͵͵ġ衱ũҲСžžô͵ũϪϴ¡
֨ѽһſˣ֮һ³Ҷ诶Сֵ㣬ôôأڿɲǰˣϷ¶أôҲӼ·
Ҷ诶ʯϣһţʯ¶ˮʪģ
Ҷ诶ϣֵȥ
Ҷ诶һסЦûôˣˣҳȥߡ
֮Ϊ˳·ڵҪԶˣȥˣ»Է
áӦţҶ诶ѾЦ˲
ιȵңţһд˯ͷȥǹ۾׷˹һߴŻͷ֮ҵļӱ
ô˯һ᣿Ҷ诶׷Լתƽš
˯ţȴ˯ˡ˯ɵϰˡһ˵ţŹǷȥҲãһôˡ
ǺôˣҶ诶ʵ
ҹղЩٺˣҿҩӦþûˡ˵⻰߼ϪߣһϪˮȥ
ҺʦסĵطǺм񣬵ҲΪŶӡֻ̡ԵɺϵľǵĴ峤ԣסվͷҶ诶ЦΣԴ壬ɣ
̫֪ʲôʱ͵ĹԣӳˮεĿԵ˧
Ҷ诶ݸһЦŻش𣬡ɽˮ㣬紾ӣԴ
Ҷ簡·Ĵĺλк
ׯ󣬴ζ嶫ŵõҶ诶һסȻǸš
ҵ峤˵Ҳɣһ˼ҵĶڶ˸ССĹ٣Т˳ѵﶼˣʱίд峤ѷҲʮ˼ң˭Ե޹ʵӣ峤أ˵˹ٲ󣬿Ҳﲻ𰡡ķ֮ʱùһ˵ȻһӦ
飬֪Ҫڴ˵ؾסɨ䡣ּпŮ̲ס²ǵĹϵ
֪ǽܣֻǣһ游գһĸգ֮Զá
һаҶ诶ϲ֮Աһۿׯϲ˵ԶСŴճϢһֱƺһ¾ͳжǿƵαװָСŮ˵ԣ׼衣
ֹЩҲҶ诶ЩԾвŮףʲô겡ֻǲ֢һһҽãҪ˵ͷȣȸз纮ˡ
Ҷ诶ҲĵİԼ彻˲ڵĳЩҩĸЩҩţ̥洦֮⣬ζҲˬڣҶ诶ǹĿ࿴
Ҷ诶ԾĵЩ֮ˣŮ֮ļɻҲϣﶯ֮ԹҲĺܣܵܿġ֮ϰҶ诶ڲ֮ͬȴÿÿ޼϶˵ЦǻЩ⡣
ȴΪȻ
ֻǣÿÿȥǿڷϻżᵽ诶㣬ΪЩԶ˵£޲ŤŤ󣬺ڡ⵹ʲôԭ򣿡
Ҷ诶ŮӲģЩŮӲ
ӴˣҶ诶ȻСδŮӽӴûЩ
Ҷ诶ѾΪˡҶ诶ˣŮҲˡ
ȴ֪պ¶ˣž诶СׯǶô诶㣬Ƕôڲͬ
֮˵ʱҲԲѷǣȨСƢԲģδƽϹ˵ֱΪ֮ﻹֻһŮĽ㣬һŮˡ
ôˣžô
ͿԳҶ诶ûжپޣֻǣھô֮󣬲ŷ֣㾹Ȼÿġ
Ǳǿƽİɣ˵꣬Ҷ诶ݸһЦΣΣǵһƤҰˡ֮˭Ϊһ˵ˣҲ㿴ģֻҪ鴿˼ɫˡ
⻰Ǿۣһ˵ĹͷԴˣӡ֮ɫ
ڴת˸أϪ߾һ֮ſڽе㣬Էˡ
һЦݡ
ʱúÿ찡֮ЦеĿڣҽһ㣬Ȼдˡ
𣿡Ҷ诶һ㶣ԼûáƽСÿƽȴ̤ʵ
ֻ˵ͷǼӱ֮˵̧ͷ˵ǷҲһЩˣǺǣá
˵Ҷ诶Цһ£ء
ô㻹ӣ뿪𣿡֮Դ
ȿȣǺ¿ӣȻǡԣҵԸˡǣҵʦµдˣ֮һȥ˼ҡ
ԭˡҶ诶ĵֲ˵ΪūֻءԭͱԼˡ
ԳС
һ㣬Ǿõġ
޸֮׼飬ȴʮͷţҲġ
ǡǡҶ诶һ㡣
ˣ޲ţӹȴԭ
Ӧ˵ģȻҪҶ诶ݹȥһˮƵģʱȻȥ
˵һȴЩĪʧ䡣






005 Ī

˵Ҳ죬ת֮䣬Ҷ诶Դ࣬ÿ£ȴҲڡ
Ҷ诶Ķ΢΢͹Ҳתˣֽű֢״֣ϸ־ǲ԰ţġ
գԹ֮ʰ꣬Ҷ诶˵üղΪˣСһˡ
⻰Ҷ诶Цֱۡ
ָûȥֲҶ诶֣һҲȥˣֱסҶ诶֣ôô
δҶ诶˵ֵ֪ˣҸҩˡ
Ҷ诶ɻſ˵ʲô
Ҷ诶Ŀ⣬ȻİҶ诶ַŵᴵȻţڵһθʱ򣬱֪˥壬ʶȽ䣬ֽŸΪұԲ̥̥ΪΪʳȴ룬Ч˲ѡ
ûµģϰˡҶ诶˫֣καյúܽƽնܵܿģҲûٶ֡
ιڸʲôȴ룬֮ʰÿһĻǰһ֣վҶ诶ߺ㲻֪Ůܲ𣿡
һɿվֵûб˼ֻǣ̫ˣҸůů
֮ҵǵܵܣǵܵܣô෱Ƚڰûµġ诶Цȥ֮ֽΧҰɣ
Ҷ诶˵һҲ˵ʵҶ诶һȥ
ްҲܺãҿҪȥһˡͷҲȥˣԼ૵һЩҩҪȥ򡣡
֮ǰƷдģҲһЩ˿ҩġȻ඼ǸҶ诶ҩʳ֮õġ
ΣɲҪ˸͵ˡ֮˸
֮Ҷ诶ʹ˸ɫʾٳЦ
ҡ˵Щʲôȴû˵ڣת˳ȥ
Ц˰ɣҶ诶ЦĳѾͷ
ôˣ֮ȥıӰɻƽ˵һ䣬ʮңôôʵ
ô˵Ҳ۸˼ʵѵ֪ҲҲҪ𣿡诶Ķͷ̾һȥú÷ʡʡ
֪ˣ㡣֮ƵҶ诶תҪȥͻȻڣУ°ɣ
Ҷ诶ЩЦͷڲ֪ڰԺüǵãĸ磬֪𣿡
֮ͷҶ诶̧ȥ׷
ſ߼̧۱㿴Ϫߵһʯϡ
󣬴СׯﾲģֻõϪˮ΢΢ţŹıӰ͸Щ°ȥֲĸо
Ҷ诶۵ĻʵڲϰԼһֱůģģӦûɢ˵Ϣ
öҶ
ǰҶ诶ӦߵԣҲȥֻעˮƯֱµҶ
վڳĿڴʯϣȻһʯͷϡ
ȻĶȴҶ诶һů
ʱԵӣʱȴĵû˵
ʲô𣿡Ҷ诶ǿ£΢Цſ
֪ʦ˼ˡЩʧ䣬ҳĸˡ
ԭˡ⻰Ҷ诶裬˰ױ
һʱ˶û˵
ʶ֮ǰҵֻһҵҵĸ飬ҲʦΪĵġ˵߽ȴû뵽뿪˼ôáĸˣ֪ôˡԶͳ
ˣͻȥɡҶ诶ַļϣȻҵˣαػȥЩ֮أ
ûйϵһҪǮ㡣Ȼ˵Ҫ£ôһŵԵġ˵Ҷ诶Ϥļ֣Ȼ᲻
Ҷ诶ЦЦɣ
㣬ϣ뿪𣿡Īģʵ
뿪ҲΪһεۣͦ𣿡Ҷ诶
뿪ˣڴٴ𣿡ִʡ
Ȼᡣ
ش𣬹΢΢
ȻҰ㵱ܵܣȻһӰ㵱ܵܵġҶ诶
ȴֹЦãתͷȥ˵
ô֮𣿡Ҷ诶⡣
ҡҡͷ
ȥҿ׼㼸ļ١Ҷ诶̾һվȥ˼Ұɡ
㡣
Ҷ诶ͣס˽Ųȴûлͷ
֮ҲûıӰڣֻǣԼѡ
ϲʮа˾šЩ£粻ȥã˼仰Ҷ诶ȻԶȥ
ǣҵ˼Ѿˡ૵
ĸûȥʦҲһ£Լ׸ô죿
Уҩģȥʦȥȡ񲻸ã
뵽ȥ׷ԶȥҶ诶
˼ֻͷڴʯϵĿ磬ԳЦЦתˡ






006 ҹ

ҴҺҶ诶֮Լ֮ڻ̤˹ҵ·̡
ߺûãĸˡƬƬѹ˳ƵĴ
֮ʰöֻꡱһ죬¡
ӣôô񣿡֮Ｑֱţ꣬ǼҪߡºˣܸʪ͸ɣ
бĵطȻһܡοϣġҶ诶ϾĿô˼ڵʱ򣬺˼ҳòɿ˼ˣֹ𣿡
֮ŵУ
Ҷ诶ҲȥŤͷȥǴꡣһʱʱֱɫڣ껹ûҪͣЪ˼ٲĴк¡
ǰ֮ס˵ƱȽϸߵĵطˮ֮СϪ
Ҷ诶²꣬ɼ󣬽û£ɫ֮˵㶫ɵ˴ϣ֮
˯ǰСһЩҶ诶ҲˣŴ⻩硣
ϵڶһ꾹Ȼ¡Ҷ诶εҡҡͷĵһð·ԸһжãЩʦ֮һûмʦӣҲ۷֪ˣˡ
̾һҲȥ¡ֻ֮ͣ򵥵ĳ緹¿֮ͻȻ뵽ҪδıЩС·Ҷ诶һҲ£üв˱߻
Ҷ诶Ȼǲġ֮˵ƽʱҲ첹⺢õĶǰĸԼȴǲġ
Ҷ诶ѾˣӵԤũµף³ӣʱӦò̫ɣޱ̫֮ȴ˵ԣ˵˵û졣˼˵ʹ죬ֻҪ꣬΢½һЩӾҪˡ
Ҷ诶ЦЦЩֻ֮˼ȥֻǣʱʱһЩ飬֮Ҳ˼Ƿɡ
˵ԽԽСȴһֱûͣЪһһæʱ䵹Ҳ졣
һֱ˵СȻ£֮ȴѾС£ϲ̵ĿȥϾԼͶɹ䲻رƯȻǳɹƷˡ
ɫ֮Ѷʰ׼߽ŷһҲûˡ
ЩˣٿѾ󣬱Ҷ诶кȥڼҡ
ժһЩ˻ּ򵥵һ˽ų
֮㣬⼸꣬ûа취ȥˡͣˣǶһЩúø㲹һ
ûʲôҲӪ诶Ц˵Ҳôϲ⡣
ϲҲҪ԰ڿɲһءҶ诶ֻЦ˵µģᡣҸղųȥһҲûССϪˮ˺øˣҪ£Ѵ˰ɣ
ġҶ诶Цˣ㿴겻ǿͣ𣿡
ѾˣûлҲ֪ɵСˡ֮ͻȻ˹͸ŹС
϶ᵢг̵ġҶ诶οҪˣ˵ͻء
οʵҶ诶Ҳǲĵġֻǣʲôأ
֮ͷû˵ʲô֮ǰȴѱĵ档
Թƿţž겻֪ʱѾͣˡżղǹߣ΢ĹâʾǵĴڡ
Ҷ诶ɵϲüҡˣҲ˰ɣ
˶û˯⣬ſڿǡֹһͷϵƲƮߣ¶һ¡
ǵĹӵ΢뿴Ҷ诶£֮ｲ϶µĹ¡
ˣ
ûн꣬ٵһ
֮쿪ţ
ţص
һЦ֮æȥš

ӣ֮ʣµĻʻص˶
˭֮ţת׷Ϲô£
ɱƵĳȥ
Ҷ诶һҲһ㶡
ıϣȻһˡ
ͼѾ˷ŵ˵ϣңѹĶӣûзӦֻˮ³
ˮˣҶ诶ʵ
ǣ˵ûͣеĶһ˵Ҳǡ
Ҷ诶ŪԺˣȴ֪ˮǰѶˮ
뵽ӣٵİϵˮ֮ĶõȻסıӣһѴӡĴϡ
㣡
㣡
֮С
󾪣
Ҷ诶Ҳ˵뿪죬æɿıӣһֻصĴϡ
˷Σڡȿȡĳˣ˺
Ҷ诶һ֮˾ȵĿ⣬ֻܾȻ
ңһƣԵЩġŮӣôԶ£
ԭҲǴ鵽һ֪
Ҷ诶ЦҡҡͷνҪˡοʱҲˡ
˵⻰ٿӣһղûϸһƣˣ˺ÿ
Ҷ诶ǿ֮ˣοǸʱǳ࿡ˡּ֮˧ĺ죬ǰ˧Ĺʱɵˣȴû˵
֣Ǹˣȴˡۡ̾硣
üƽ˫ۣëĳһס۾˫Щ԰ףȴźÿĻȡ
ôѣҶ诶Ŀ
ˮ٣üͷˣֻǣо綾֮󣬱˶ˮġ
ô£˵Ҷ诶Ȼ鸴æʵ
ô֪Ҷ诶æѾ˵һ飬֮ԼҴҴҼʦһظϡ˭֪ս壬㿴˰ˮһӣȻˡ¹̫Ҳ˵ȷǷߵġ
һֹѡҶ诶ʶṦ͵ô֪жˣ
Ȼˮȥˣ֮·ϣѾѹˣȷж١Ҷ诶һۣǣСĵĿڣ㣬ôˣ
֮ʱб˿Ҷ诶ʵ档
Ӧûаɣûע⡣ϸ룬ҽʱ򣬴ѾûеƹˣֻǼﻹšǣӦö˯˰ɡ
Ҷ诶ͷˣӦò򵥡֮£Ҫ֪Ķܽ𣿰κ֮Ͻ뿪ɣ
ǣƺҲҶ诶ĲˣС˵Ķҵܽ⣬ֻǣһʱĺòˡ
ҪãҶ诶





007 žŰʮһ

֮ʮֶƶɵȥɢ˵ǶҩҲȷУһ棬ҲһζҩʮֶԶڻã˵ʦ˵֮˳Դ߹Ҷ诶żҲЩġԺʦѧҽβˣһֱԼԭΣǰˣٲΣ»ǣҶ诶Ĳ죬ֻⶾҶ诶˽⣬Ӧˡǣҩ֮һζҩñҩΣգǣڷôҩڼ䣬ֻҪٷһͨң裬ôᶾʦ˵βʱһʱڣ˻ữΪһ̯Ѫˮ
˵̧꣬ͷڴĿҶ诶
㻹û˵ⶾҪ೤ʱ䡣Ҷ诶ЩԾȴƽġ
ҪܿҶ诶Ŀ⣬ˣõ͵͵˵žŰʮһ졣
ҩǽΪĶҩ֮һû뵽ȻϡҶ诶ɫ㳣ֽ˵ֶ£ܽˣˡҺʦҲֻܽⶾˡ㣬Ҳ£ͻᡭ
ŸʲôȥˣҶ诶һֿۣ֮Ȱ̧ͷȥܲڵϰɣ
˰̧ߣҶ诶̾һĵѵעҹƽôȲ˵ضĶԹԹҲᱻ¶ĳʣ֪򵥡»һ鷳ɣ
ֹˣԼ㵽ҪĻǵĺҵԼ˵ӲԼǣԼ£ȻԽ֪Խáϵˣܱܾͱܡǧ֮һĻᱻ֪ԼĺӣԼǻˣԣ鷢
ˣȴҪȵġ
ûа취ġ
ȲȥǺ˻ˣܹ飬һ
ֻǣžŰʮһ죬̫˰ɣ
Ժ󣬻ùѽҩ뿪ɣ
ȴ룬Ҷ诶վˡ
ԺܲܰѽҩȻ뿪Ҷ诶ʵܲҪʮһ֮Ѱɣ
ȻᣬҿҶ诶۾½ҩһʱͻˡ
Ǿͺá˵Ҷ诶һȴɻô˵ⶾҪžŰʮһ죿ĪǣҩҪԽ𣿡
ͷ
ԭˣҶ诶ȻǾͰѽҩɣôԾͺˡ֮Ͻ뿪֪𣿡
˵⻰Ҷ诶̧ߡ
㡣ӵĿڡ
𣿡Ҷ诶ֹסŲ
ǣҪסһʱˡͷ͵ĸͣ۾ŵ档
⻰ôҶ诶ü
½ҩȻѣȴ
˵ͻȻסڣ̧ͷҶ诶㣬Ҵˡ
һֱ֪Ҷ诶ݲûô򵥡⣬Ĳоֹ˵һйµˡ
ٱҲ֪ϲ˴򽻵ֻ֮ʱŻ¶顣ǰԶһĮȻģ£ԼҲȲѵİɡж֮ˣҲһ鷳
סˣûдġҶ诶˼΢΢һЦ㲻㡣
ģĲң֮Ц
ȻΪˣ͸ĻаΪҽߣҪˡȣǾͲҵܵˡҶ诶ο
ţĻҼסˡСʦͽңҽ߸ĸġ룬ⶼһɣҶ诶¶ЦݣҲתȥж֮ˡ
ˣղ˵Ҫסһʱ䣬ô£Ҷ诶Ȼ΢Цѵѣ
ǡҡͷ
ôЩ뿪ɡҶ诶鿪ʼ̡
ֻǣһڣЦ֮ʧ
ʲô˵Ȼѣǣ֫ȴãҶ诶־ŭ֪ղŵĻʲô˼Ҳ˵ʮһ죬Ҫڴϲܶ𣿡
ǲܶǣˡҶ诶ģͷֵȥСҲֻ
Ҷ诶ˣľˣǣȴ˶ϽԹ˼˴һֶۣԹ˵ûѣȻ󾡿֪ͨǣ͵ȥҪ죬֪𣿡
ǡ˵ʲôҶ诶һۣȴû˵ڡ
ûʲôǣҶ诶ת˵뿪Ͷˡ
ȻˣαؾңһȴͳԸеӴϴ
ˣϲĿֻѾ۾һ˫˵˫Щ⿴Ҷ诶ıӰ
ͺˣ˿Ҷ诶ȻЩģæڵ㲻˼ʵǺܺĵģ֮ǰˮˣ
Ҷ诶ҲͷȶϹĻ֪֮ͨļˣߡ
Լߣ˸ϣƾҪȴԼȫ
˶Ӧ֪ɣЩɻæͣڸⶾֻǣⶾڼ䣬岻ܶ
˭ңȴһȣĿŹ
һ㶣
㣬Ҳд𣿡ŴԣҶ诶ת㣬֪жҲͰˣ̬ȡ֪ˣαؾ㣿
俴Ҷ诶һﲻܶȴɢһɱԱߵĹ̲֮סһ¡
ҪҶǸмߵͷл𣿡һ͸űģ֮֮£ˡֻǾһԼ𣿡
˵Ҷ诶侲Ŀ޲ʾһ򵥵⣬ԼԸġ
뵽תſڣַſ뿪֪ͨļˣ룬סֻǣʮһ֮Ͼ뿪֮ȻϣȻҲϡ
˵գ˦ȥֻǣһ仰Ҳ¡ܾȻ㣬Ȼа취Ըֻǣ಻壬ʲôµģ
˺ֵĿֱֱţ̽ͷסĿ⣬Сĵ˵ҽ㲻˼ĺܺãֻǵ춹ģﰲסⶾˣӳˣ֪ˡ
δ˵꣬ȴĵһۣȻ۾
ɵĪɵÿ֮ȴ֮ҡҡͷ̧ȥ׷Ҷ诶ˡ
ڣֻ¹ǳĬĺˡ
ҹˣһУ





008 λỰ

㣬ҽҪȥһЩҩġԹ緹Ҷ诶˵ΪĹϵҺʦҴҼһͻˣܶҩĶûüáο˵ĽҩҲҪһЩҩĲſ䡣
ȥɡҶ诶·СЩ
á֪Ϊ˵ЩҲٶ˵ʲôתߣһ£ڵ㣬㲻ȥܣѾ֮ȥιˡĶһ⣬һ뿪
˵⻰תˡ
ҽ߸ĸİҶ诶ĵҲͰˣҪźӡĻһҽ
žһ᷿Ҷ诶üͷôˣ
˵Ըȥˣ֪֮ﻹ棬Ҷ诶ֻȥοԼлҪ˵
ǷһȻ֮ʰϵ꣬ĵܶô֮أ
һ۳ȥȴü΢壬˫ۡ
֮ôˣҶ诶֮ͬǴʰʵ
û£ֻǣһ֮С
û԰ɣҶ诶üϿһۣĻ֮˵ȥʢһι
֮˵ʲôȴֻǵ˵ͷȥˡ
̸̸ܲܺǰҶ诶ߵϡ
ûۣȴҲûзԡ
Ҳ˭ʲôݣȻһҪסôϣı֮ҪŵҵļˡһڣҶ诶ֱ⡣
࣬ȴɢ֮ɱҶ诶δ㽭ȴҲܵõĿ⣬Ҳ̲סһ֮˴һⲻӰ졣
⻰һڣͻȻĿӵĿ⿴Ҷ诶ȴڡ
ԽȻвٶԹԹĿǰû֪㱻˾ˣû֪סԣĿǰǰȫġҶ诶ηĶĿ⣬ȻԵɺϣþ㣬ôþ˵ĻӦúúûȥ巢֮ĸ¶ҲͰˣ޷ѵĽǣȻһ˿ĻᣬôҪ򱶵Ŭȥȡ͵οһӺأ
һΪǣ巢֮ĸԣԸ䣡
ʱ֮ţһ࣬Ҷ诶ӹȥˡ
Ҳ˽㣬ܶ໰û˼Ǿ˵˳ϣ⡣⻰Ҷ诶֪ΣҲͲȥȰһ£˵ҼҾ˼δ㽭ˣ֮Ϊ뵥󲻵ģҲԸЩΪѵ£ҲԸ˼
˼ң˿ЩҵĿģֻΪǸʲôν𣿡
ǶҪȵģⲻΪʲôҶ诶ң㣬ȣȣǰèҲȡⲻ㣬Ȼô룬ǾԼˡֻҪ㣬ʲôݣֻϣʱ䣬ֻһ˵ݡô򵥡
˵Ŀʼû뿪Ҷ诶˵꣬ڵֻСׯͨ˼ܣһѪҵЩˡ
Ҷ诶Цұׯ֮ˣֻǷǨƵģŵﰲĶգȴû뵽㡣
ĿһҶ诶Цݣڿ⻰ʵԣڣãҴӦ㣬ֻһˡ
ֹˣһҪӦһ¡
£˿һ䡣
Ҫģ뿪Ҫ׵ǡ͵δжҲδһ㡣𣿡Ҷ诶⻰ѯʣȴһ㡣
ΪΣǰŮˣЩҪΪ꣬ԿЩȴû뵽ȻһҪ
ʲôԭҲܸ㡣Ҷ诶ҡҡͷ࣬ԵҲ뽭ϹϵҲ԰ҵһֵֵľֹ֮ܶ뿪֮Ǳ㲻κν
أЩϷŰ
Ҷ诶һۣ̾ǣֻܹԼˡ
ʱӦв𣿡˵ǾȻ˿ײ΢Ц
ǵءҶ诶һˣ̫ȻˣֻôһǳЦƢΣյҪԶԶִܿⲻӦȻ취ġв㣬ǲǾΪ
ӣԳƾ֮ˣĸǵòȻ
Σ޹ءҶ诶ʾصֻԼԭˡ
˵һ͵ֻͣҪסһ˶ѡִҪǺͽϹϵȻа취뿪
˼⶯һʱҲ˵ֱֱֻ
ôжɣҶ诶뿪Ц𣿡
һ⻰ʾƵſͣ˽ȥ
˶˵ĳٷ
𣿡Ҷ诶ʵ
˲žԼȻ֪һࡣ
ͷҶ诶óΪ˫
㾭չ𣿡Ȼ⣬仰ѿڶ
Ҷ诶һ¡չ˵ˣֻѡ뵽ɫһҲȥˣߡ
Ҷ㣬ܺ档˵߽ʮ꣬δˡ㣬ʲôݣ
֮ʲôûУҶ诶ûˣܹܲΪʶǳأ
˵⻰νȥ
ֻ˼Ŀעȥķ






009 

㣬û°ɣ֮ӹ꣬Щĵʵּ඼ˣʵˣ
Ҷ诶ͷ
㣬˹ֵֹġ֮ͷιԣԣݺݵĵңһ
ܶʲôµģҶ诶Цһۣ˵ˣܶûʲô£ΪʲôҪأ
ǰΪʲôҪأ֮ҡҡͷʲôڵ㣬˳ǺÿҴδ˺ÿˡģŮ˶ÿ
Ҷ诶ͷǳĺܺÿǣûйϵû飬Ҫȥ֪𣿡
Ϊʲô֮ﲻʡ
Ķһ⣬Ҫ뿪ˣҲͺûκιϵˡοڽǵĴһûбҪȥҶ诶ָСЦԺҪһطˡ
᳤ʲôأҺڴŶҶ诶еı֮һ㽣үôãһ
֮Ҷ诶Ϸţ֮ҪסڿʼӵĵѾˣ֪ү֣ӽ쿪ʼҲ
㣬ҡ֮ﱻŵȴҲ֪Լ˵ˣסˡ
֮Ψһϣǿ˳±ǣֹ֪סҲûģ𣿡Ҷ诶Щģ͡
֮ͷ㣬֪죬ҷģڿʼҲˡõҲϣҲ˵ġ
֮û뵽º󣬾ȻõԼĲϣ⺢ӵĸ˭ԼҲȷʵŵԣڡȻǺ󻰡
֮طģ㡣Ҷ诶֣οڣҲñ˺ġ
㣬ΪʲôϣǸˡ֮Ȼ״
Ҷ诶ͷȻû֪˭ǣǵ£ȻԽ֪Խá
һ֮Ҷ诶Ϊû˯ãֻطϢˡ
һȴ֮Ѿ緹Ҷ诶žԼĶѾʼˡ
Ի˸տʼǼЩ΢ķӦ⣬ԺӶǰһûκεĲʣθںõĳ档£ⶼǹĹͰɣ
뵽Ҷ诶ʵ֮ûл𣿡
ûС֮һʢһ죬ɵСӣҲ֪Է
ҪĶ̫˰ɣҶ诶룬Ȼˣֿڵ˷ûУ
ˡˣ֮æͷǿȥι
ȥɡҶ诶ĲԸ˵
㣬ҡ֮￴һۣЩ
֪Ҷ诶ͷҲ̧Ļش𡣡ԣȥιο㻹Ǹá
֮Ҳ˵ȻҶ诶£ǣһʵڲϲˣ˳ôÿ֪һ£ײĵġȻ˵ȥιԼô˵Ҳõġ
Ҷ诶Ҳ롣ǣûа취
֮Щŵ¡Ҷ诶ĵģ֮ȻȴҲ˼һС˵©죬ʲôͲˡ
ʱΨϣЩ
˰ɣҶ诶źŶ룬óԷˡ
˱۾ҡҡͷ
ҲҪԡҶ诶ڴ£ҵܻܵûչ˺ġ
˺Ȼ۾Ҷ诶ǾˣĲͼر
⻰ʵ֣Ҷ诶ȴûаɵĻش𡣼һ׷͹ȥһ졣
ɻĿ⿴Ҷ诶ȴſͣ׷
ǡ
׷뿪ڣҶ诶Ѽһ˵ʳԡ
˾ʵס˿ڣԹԵĳҶ诶ݹķˡ
Ϻ˵Ļϣܼסѷ˶꣬Ҷ诶վǵĻر˰ɡ
תҪߣͻȻڣιһ¡
ʲôҶ诶ɻת
˵ֻ촽
Ǵʵɫ˿̸ճ극Щ˵͹⣬ġ
Ҷ诶΢΢üȴͳ߹ȥǴü£ȥĲ͡
ˣ˿ڣȴʳһ仰
Ҷ诶ͷ
ôģʡ
в
ǽˣʡ
ǡҡͷȻ󶨶ûȨЩɣ
ҲԾܾشġĻﾹһ˿ƻ
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ɫ
һ˼ҶѡҲЦݣףЩֱ۸
ƺҪ͸ΣڣãҴӦ㡣Ҷ֮뿪Ӵˣ޽
лл
תȥ˫ۡ
˵ĻǼ٣ɣô˵Ů˸ĸоôʵûΣա
Σգ뵽ʣģʹ
εΣգԣǶпܻһʧܣӦ֪ʲô
常Ļ쳹ڶߡ
ֻǣڣ常
ʧˡ͸ԼϵĶһ常µˡԼһӴ˱ΨհȴϣԼӲһСԼΣ۰ԼΣԼһɱ˹߶ѡʧܣ¶ݣ㱻̵ɱѵԼûһ˿Լʮ꣡
뵽һʹԸţҪɱԼģǳң常
Ȼɱ֣ôҪΪɱǾǣģ飡
常Ļڶߡ
ԭԼһֱһϸɱ֡С򲡱ĸȻкޣȴڴԼԼ常ȻݾԼȴǲġô꣬һֱǸһĶԴ
˭룬־
ԳЦЦŮ˵Ļ
ѵһ仰
һŮˣҹǫһӺѵ
ԭйǫ






010 

ȴ˵һֱʱֲŻҶ诶֪ȥ˵³ǡһЩҩıȽϰϡУֻдǲе
һˣȥϢһ°ɡƣ֮ɫҶ诶ĵ
ˣôˣԷ𣿡һһˮʵ
Ľ𣿡Ҷ诶Ц
ǣҲЦˣǵԷ
Թˣ㲻õˡ֮һԿڣ㿴۵ģȥϢһɡϴˮѾˡ
áӦţһȴ᷿ȥȥ
Ҷ诶֮һۣεЦˡ
Թ诶֮ԺţһûһĻżҳ
ȴһĴ᷿һΪŹǫýҩԼΪҶ诶䲹ҩ
㣬ǰմ꣬СϪȻ˺öϺ廹׽˼㣬ҪҪء֮ϥϣһԴҶ诶
𣿡Ҷ诶תͷ׽㣬ҵǻ
̫ˣ֮״
֮ȥǸó
Цţͷһ˱˳
ʲôҶ诶ʡ
֮ΣСĵİѹǫ棬һҲУ͸͸
Ҷ诶Źû˵ܵ̾Ҫط
ȴڣ㣬ĵģҵĽҩû꣬Ҫȥæġ
Ҷ诶ȴͷҲصĽ᷿
㣬ȥ֮æĸǡ
¹£ֻʣˡ
ô𣿡֮ȥǫڡ
Ҷ诶һۣȴشĻֻ˵Ҳˣҵļˣʲôˡ
Ӧ֪ͷˣ޴
ԣһᱣǡҶ诶
ΪһẦǣʡ
δ£˭Ҳ֪ΡҶ诶£̧ͷ죬˵
ǫҵ֡ΣڣգõҵĵطΪҲԸǷˡ
ûաҶ诶ҡҡͷ˵ˣһУǶõĻر
ķӦǫȷǽˡԼ˵Ȼһ㷴ӦûСȷԼˡֻһƽİա
ţƺʮɱɱӣʱ̱һҡΪԲ⣬пܱɱһ˲ķɣĿܾĴۡ
ǣһ̣һ˵ЩİŮǰûɵķ
һԲббڰգࡣΪļֵţ˵ʲôĻżһ΢紵Ʈһ󵭵Ĺ㣬Ƣ
ȥȴҶ诶գɫƽ¹ӳϣһ㵭ĹԣӳŮһʥࡣ
ȥֻõһüһŨܵĳĽëһֻӣһͦεıԼŵ˫
ǫŮҲ֮ҲǣŮע⵽ģ֮Ķ̬ȣоֹֻĴ֮ЩԽȴˡ
ȻѾӦ㣬ⶾ֮뿪ôһʱҵĵܱܲôԣһ̣ǫͻȻΪļˡȵĽšᣬͻȻһ£ػһʲôζ
⣿Ҷ诶۾𣿡
ǣСǫͷ
ɣֿգֻǣǲ֮ܳΪ⣬һֽ䱸ѡϾԽҲ˽㡣
㣬̹ϡ˵⻰ǫЩ⡣˵ֻһˡôǲӦҵĽݣֻҵһˣǣҵĻɣ
ѡԸһԳеˡĻҲ֡ӵǾķУɣٽܣֻһʱ䡣ӣҪǵһ֮ǰǸɱĽƺʧֻжԭ
ȻˡҲҲ˵Ļ𣿡ǫͷȻҪ£ܲϣ֮һֱദɣ
ƺ˻֮ˡҶ诶ɨһۡ
Ҳ֡ΪԶ뽭ɣǫҲԼΪλǰŮ˵ô໰һ£ҳһɡ
Ҷ诶ͷһ㣬ͬҲ֮úɣ˺ܶһ㡣
áҿ԰㵱һ㣬ϣŵԡʮһ֮Ǹ߸·ңסҲһ죬𣬾˵Ǿѣ˺ˡûɣ
ûСǫ˵֪Լģﾹһ˿ů⡣
˵⻰һʱֻǳĬſϵǡ
ɫһ紵Щ⡣
Ҷ诶ݡ
ǫûжÿȻա
һᣬҶ诶Ȼ˼磬ﻹһ̺
ǫδӦⴲ̺Ѿϡһʱ
ллΣ³֡
áҶ诶Ĵ
㣬ÿ˶ô𣿡̲סʡ
ʣҶ诶ʼЩ⣬ֻһ˲˵˼ˡϰ߰ɡȲ˵ǰϸչˣ˾˶֪ŮϰȻϣȴмӡʱԸӰԱȥ͡ȴ֪һٶһʱ˾ԱһļӰӵ㡣
ϰˡЦЦȻش𣬵ĺܣĺãָֻԼ˺ѣԽôԲǸŮǿˡ
ҲΪиԱδȥͱ㴰ֽǶϸĹػ֪˵Цһ涼ѡ
˵ֵԱѣܵܣΨûˡ
֡˵θԼӡ󣬿ɲϸŮˡ
װûȻ̧ͷ졣





011 ƽ

㣬ʲôһ
Ҷ诶ͷ㿴֮˫˫᷿ţ
ġҶ诶ЦЦأ𣿡
ˡǫߣʵûʲôɣ
ǫҡҡͷ
̫ˣȥϢɡ˽ϵ磬Ҷ诶ط֮Ҳæȥ
ʵһܺõˡպӴֲʱˣ֪ˣģҲѹǫϣҸʶʱ򡭡
˵ȻסڣﰵУˡ
ʶʱ򣿡Ȼǫüͷǲǽ𣿡
Ȼǡæҵİŵϣһߴһ߾ҪߣϢɡ
ŹҲƵıӰǫһĨζǳЦ
кܶܡ
ôδӣˡ
ڶգټǫʱԵˡֻĬĬ£żһ巴Ӧ
ֻǣǫȴδ£ﰵһ룬ûзϰɡ
ţֿʼֻǣ˵˵ȥ޷ǾҶ诶Լ֮֮һЩȤ¡
ǫµšһˣЩ²ô⣬ǣһɱ¾Ϊɱ˵ͥȤ£ʺصġ
ǹҲһӺȴΪЩҳ̣һСʦδйӴҶ诶һӣǱȺһͷһȤˣһ˵һ˵ʱԾԾᵽ
ǫ֮磬Ƕδܹͥů
ȻʦȻǰġֻǣְҶ诶֮ϸػоǲһ
οԻЩСӡʮͣǸʱѽˡǣһĴкˡ
Թ緹Ȼ֮ɾҶ诶һõ
緹ʱҶ诶ŨʣԵù֮޲ڡ
ʱǫԺ˵̸Цﾹۡ
ƽƽļͥԭ˵ůġʲôʱԼҲһأ
ǽˡҴҳԱһԺ
ǫſڣڣȷʵʮ
ǰԷҲȴΪɱ˶ӶѡڣֻΪ˳ԶԣָоҲˬˬġ
ǫƺ࣬ȹιԱȻĵĸһ΢Ц˵һ䡰лл
ЦյľգʹͬΪˣһ£λعֵؿ
Ϊҽߣβְڣô˵ҵ֮ܶлл㡣ǫһ̬˵ⷬ
ǺǡЦţҲ˵ŷ˷䡣
ܵܣأ֮Ҳðɣù֮ﶼڵĿ϶ǫĿҶ诶㵽ףʲôأ
⻰Ҷ诶һ㶣ܿ쿪ڵҪǵԼݣֻһ˶ѡ
ֻǺ档ǫı飬ЦЦʹ㲻˵Ҳ֪ġ
˵Ҷ诶֪һǹǰ˵©ʲôҲ󷽷˵Ǳֵܽá
ǣ㽫ʶĹ˵һ顣֮ֻ˵һģǸܺãԲŻһסΪ֮һԷչ˶ѡ꺢ӣ֮ﻹҪشġ
Щ඼滰
ȻˣҪ˵ѣ˵һЩ滰˲Ż㡣
ԭˡǫͷҶ诶Ŀȴ̽أֻһͨĴ帾𣿡
ִˣҵҪĳˡҶ诶Ͼ͸ЩϣΪ֮Ķô۸𣿵ΪҲҰ㶪ȥĺĸҪĻôҲࡣ
⣬вôǫ޾ɫȤĿҶ诶Ůˣǲ򵥡
ǡҶ诶ֱĿ⡣
ãҲʾˡǫͻȻЦˣӣЩ¡
㣬ҵĺġ˵֮ǰҲӵһЩҪɱˣ˷ģÿΣ˳ΪʱֻһۣʶʲôݡҶ诶ʧˡ
ĻẦ˵ġָƽ˵
ѵûкģҲĿ磬ʲôˣʲô
ʲôˣʲôҶ诶Цſʲôϵ𣿡
һ仰ҭĹǫ㶵
ʱҶ诶õﵹЩۣϾȣϹը㡣
ˣۣȻǲһ






012 粨

ǫ׷Ҷ诶ݣȻǺܺ档Լ֪һ졣ҲɱҲǺһż͹ǴȤ䡣
֮Ҳֻǣ֮䣬ЩĤ֮䣬ͿͿġԹȥһ˾ͳȻÿζ֮ʤսܡÿÿʱҶ诶ЦҡͷǫһȻӡ
һճԹΧԺȲģǫһԾš
˵˵ţͻȻҵ֮ڿ쵽˰ɣ˽ĸ£иˣ뿪һ᲻أ
С̸ʲô飬㶮𣿡֮һ֡
ιһСòãҲѵ㶮𣿡˹ȥ
ȻСǣұĳЩͷ죬ɵͷɵԵģʲô֮ԴҡһΣЦ
㶮ʲô˵Ҳ˵ĸȤʵ
Ҷ诶ҲµĿ֮ᶮʲô
ĸ֮飬Ϊ飻ֵ֮ܽ飬Ϊ飻֮飬Ϊ飻Ů֮ôǰ飡˵꣬ϲ̵ĿҶ诶˵㣬˵ô
ԭδҶ诶˵ȹЦһΪ㶮ʲôأôһѷϻˡ
ι㣡֮ǰһ£ʲôЦģ㶮ʲô
ǰʲôֹסЦװʣȻᵽ飬ô֮ãΪ飿
÷С޲¡ȴ֮ſھʹ𣬡ԸڵԸΪ֦ɽغ˸
һ˵ЩƵĿڵǰ飡ʣ֪ô
һʱס
Ҷ诶ȴЦЩʾ䣬Ͼʱ̸֮ģû뵽Ȼǵ
ǫ֮⻰Ҳһٿ֮Ŀ⣬ͶЩ̽⡣
ҮӮˣ֮ﻶŸ˵ĳҶ诶˵㣬Ҳ˵˵ɣڰġЩӶһҪѧ
˰죬ԭЩǽİһ⻰ϿʼУⲻ㡣㣬ҲҪң
ǫˣȴǻȻһЦ
֮ߣҶ诶Ҳƴǣ΢΢ͷãҾ˵ˡ
˵վһ˼䣬Ǻֱ
üڵ´ղڣΪ㲡
Ǿóʱڳĺĺ
˵䣬֮Ļ㣬Що˸аڶЩԺˣ飬ʲôأ
Ҷ诶ֻ£ʱеİɣŰ飬ȴ֮룬Цſڣⶫ˵һݳƷ֮ǧẈ̂Ψһһ㣬檣ԣ£ǾҪİΪˡ
ǣе˶檰ɣ
ǰмΪ˰飬檵İɣ֮Ҳɻ
ҲҶ诶˼ڡִ֮ϵĴڡֻ£ִĲһ֮֡ˣ඼Ǽ˼Ǩϲɵİɣ
⻰Ӻ˵𣿡ǫڣϣûжķޣǲҲһһޣң˫ȫĽȴִⲻ檡ѵⲻǰ飿
˵Ҷ诶Щ⡣ÿۻ⣬ٿڡգˡ
˵ˣ䲢ȱٰ顣ȱǣһһһ˫˵İ顣ˣ㣬ԸһһŮˣˣҲȥѰұŮӣ
⻰ǫ˳˼˶ʮ꣬ȴδǹ⡣Ϊɱֻ֣һĿ꣬Ǿɱˡ˵ƺǺңԶ顣ȻҲͬɱֵŮ¶Ľ֮⣬ֻǣδʲôо
Σڣ룬İһŮӣôԸһһһ˫ˡ
ı飬Ҷ诶ֻЦЦһһôףÿÿͬһףϣͷף䣬ʱԱվһഺòŮӣ㻹˵仰𣿡
ǫ˵ʵ̫ȱˣ󲻳һŮӱϻʲôģ뷴Ҷ诶˵ߣȥûо飬鵽ʲôζֺ֪˼ʲôأ
أ㰮Ǹϣ㻹ᰮ𣿡ǫʵ
ҰˣʣҶ诶ЦҲᰮġΪûа˵ġ
⻰ǫС²⵽Ϊȥķ𣿡
Ҷ诶һ㶣ܿ췴Ӧڵǡֻǣҿ͸˰ıʣᷳ˵ˡ
⻰ˣǫʡ
ֹ檣ʣҶ诶Ȼ˺죬ǷŭģһȺ绨ӣһĨЦ
ĻǫƺΪβŰˡ£ķ˺ɣ֪ʲô˾ŮӶ֪ϧԼ
뵽ǫ͵ԼʲôһѸԼô뷨
˵²⵽ٿĿ⣬˼ϧ
ҿԣ˶˵ʱ򣬹ͻȻڣҰһŮӣǳǲֻҪҰˣôҾͻᰮһӣͷףݵ⣬ҲᰮοͷףҵͷҲף䣬ҵҲòȥҲϣԣҿ԰һӣ
ⷬ˵꣬˶סˣû˵ֻɵɵĿ
Ҷ诶ȷӦꡱЦӣ档˵Ļһҵһ㰮ŮˣһҸıϡ






013 Ϊ

磬Ŀ𣿡֮۾ʵ
էһ֮һûзӦһ²ŴȻңԼһӵİ飬ִ֣֮ϣ
˻һùǫﲻ֪ʲôζ˵Լȹ죬࣬ǣԼִš԰ԼĽ֪ԼǷҲӵһõİ顣ûСΪһɱ֣ɱûġһ뻹ţһܾѾɱˡ
֮ղŽʲô˵Լ԰ڴŴҾ磿찡̫߳˰ɣ
㣬ᣡ˵֮ﾹȻߺһţˡ
Ц֮Ҳʱ򰡣
Ҷ诶ʾҪЦ
ô˽㣿ֹסЦֵʣûղ֮ﺦߵ𣿺ǺǣЦˡ
㲻Ц
Ϊʲôˡ
Ҷ诶һ۹ǫǫһЦȻ󣬱۾ʼ¡
ΪЦġ
ǣҲ֪ǰô۸ҵģɶˡôЦһ¶԰״
Ҷ诶ҡҡͷԣ
Ϊʲôһ䡣
ΪҶ诶˵ϲ㡣
ʲôƺûظһ飬ϲңʲô˼
Ҳϲн㣬йŴ磬ҶϲδҶ诶ͣ
ϲҶ诶ЦҡͷɾŮ֮¸ǷӦٶ֮ۡܿϲôͲǹˡ
ʲôϲˡ
Ҫִ֣֮ϣҪ֦Ҫ𣿡Ҷ诶
һ㶣漴ҡͷס
仨⣬ˮ顣һԣǫ³⼸֡
ң֮ʲôоҶ诶ɹǫһۣŷ۾ҲͲתͷŹ
оʲôоſھʹ˵һ£ʱҺҵĸо
ԣ˼Ҷ诶ˣô֮ģ
һһģƺ˼Ҷ诶Ϊʲô⡣
֮Ȣǫ˫ۣͷ˵
ʧɫ
ôţҶ诶תͷſǫ֮⺢ֻǶ˰Ľ֮ģ˵Ҫۼˣ
ִ֮ˣ޸𣿡ǫص
㣬˼˵𾪹󣬿ڵ֮˰飿
Ҷ诶Ҳ˵ֻǵͷ
ǣǡҲ֪˵ʲôֻһżģ
ʲôǵģǫֿڣҲͺˡûоֱӸ
ι㲻˵û㵱ưͣҶ诶ڹǫ棬˵һżס졣
ֻһ˲͸оʧ̬ˣæֳأԲ⡣
ǫȴס֣ҲůæİֳأﾹЩʧ䡣
㣬ǣҶһġûעϸڣڷԼ£οİˣǸӵġ
ʲôӵģǫʵ
Ҷ诶ֵһۣͲ˵
֣Ů˱ʵͦǵġףôһ书ŮӣϵϴӺζ
ǸԺ˵֮顣Ҷ诶ҵĽǣȲҪ뷨ʵһܺߵŮӣţļġԣ͵ʲôûзͺˡ
ôʲôûзһͷˮ
ͼװ֪ϲˡҶ诶ĵĽ͵ǰʹǰһͿˡ
ǣǣü֪ôװ֪֪ˣֺαظأ
Ҷ诶̾£ʵΪˡûбİ취ֻʱˡԣҲ㣬ǣ㣬֮ġ֪Ժоֹ֮ȻҪעˡղ֮磬㲻ˣЦܲѹ𣿡
üţƺЩˣΣͷ㣬ԺעˡͦΪġˣ˵ʲôˡ
򲻿ɣҶ诶ĵġûǺʹǰһֻǣ΢עһ¾ͺˡ
ţ٣ǫֲ
Ҷ诶ûжۣε̾˿Цˡ
ŶͷӦˡ






014 

үʲôһ˫ֱ۲ϺĲ˿
쿴ܹ˵һ˫۾˿ﺬߵԼĿȻҡ
ǣΪʲôԼȴһ㷴ӦҲûУԺֳָ˫߰˫
˭뵽İһе۹⣬Ȼαװģ
ĿģȻԼϸλ
һ̣ķŭҪţǼ˿ûзӣȻݲɱ
ˣ³ֻһǾǣ
ǣǸȴҲ˵ڡ֪ԼʱѶϡ
ʹôã뵽˵Ļǻ̲סߣ֮࣬оԼģȻʼʹ
ŮˣȻԼʹ
ԸȥһʵŮˣǴڽӴĹ߰ˡԼˣ»Ϊڲͬɣǣ˵֣Ϊעαװġ
ǣΪʲôαװ޷죿Ƿݸ߰ǷݵȻǷԸȻݵ˱棡
סԷ߻Ǽᵽζ۾ܸоϢһ㡣
òϣʹ࣡
ΪһαŮˣʹ
ǣ鷢˭һ֮£֮ϵүֻҪԼԸ⣬¶ԼģƾʲôΪһŮӶеʹ
ⲻЦ
ǣÿҹ䣬˫˫ů塣ͬߵ죬޺޵Ľ֣Լ࣬Լʱݺݵ˦ԼĶ⣻ԼʱǷݼͲ졭
ҡҡͷˡ
ΪʲôԼߣ̶̵ļ£ȴô˻龰󣬻ֶθߣ
ඣҺĹϵô򵥣
仰Ŀ
ȥǼգƢñŭе˶ҿʮ֮ڣֻһᶳԼ
ȥԺ󣬺쾹ȻԷһдǧշҶ诶֡
ǰԼȷʵЩƱֻǣʱȥ˷̡ȻαŮˣֺαʾԼأôΪд˽֤㲻һ֮
ϧѾˡĿѾ¶αػҪأ
ӦԼưոݣҲ˱˵ķŹԼģԼҪʮٱҪԼô˺ͿķȥأӦðߣĥܽԼͷޣ
ֻǣ룬ҼȥѰʱʧ˵³ǡ
ֻһṩЩȴҲֻǵⶫϷˡԴˣʧȥӰ
ЦҶ诶ܲҵĵģ˵ֻҪΪҺŮˣôһӾҵŮˡֻǣҪרõū澣
Ϸֻ£֮ưɣ
´򶫴񱼶ȥ
µʱ䣬ׯ˵ĸоȫͬˡĿ֮ȻȫȦҰҰãռ˴ӣׯ˵ǸĴׯȴҸ΢Ц
ֻǣڿʱ΢Цʱ־벻档
Ƕţүˣ֪Ϣģϳ棬ǳԲ˶ߡϸ
Ƶһ𣬺ŰΧס
Ҷ诶켸ҧгݵ˵֣
ѯʣ
֮һһƿˣǰڵμүүǧ꣡
ˣЩӡûмǴĻӦ״κҶ诶ʱվǸˡȥʱģû뵽Щڵ㣬Ҷ诶
֮ĸ磬֮ԡ
֮üС㣿С㲻Ǳү𣿺ιʣүѰ
ߣ쿴һĻȻǲš˵Ҳ޷
˵һӣ˳˴ׯ
Ⱥ֮Զִ󺣵Ŀ⣬˾㶼ü׷ʲô¡ǿԿ϶ģһСѾүˣСûл塣
ôȥ
ׯ󣬺ܿ´˻庣үûѵ
ûУѵûл
Ȼظ캮ֵĿɨˣ֮ϣûл
֮Եͷ
Ҳƭ˵⻰һɱȥ
֮ԣô£Զִżʡ
壬㲻Ҫġ֮԰οȻСѾˣôȻĿġ˶ãͻϵġ㲻Ҫˣ֮ﻹأ֮ҲҪġ
̶̵ļʱ䣬֮ԱóһֱںŬֳҲ˹ҰҰãĸƵջҲܱߵĴ񡣵Ȼ⻹ѰᣬЩҰζԶĵط
һУΪ֤ԼҲǣΪ
ԼΨбú㣬ܺ磬
ԣһֱŬ
ִĲ٣ֻ̾챣С㣬һƽɣ
ȴ˵ȥȴûлظϪɽȥǿʯԡ
ϤȴܺĸҥǷڣǷңǷѣƺһ˲䣬ץסԼġ
ѵʱҲαװ
뵽ƺһЩʲôԺһŬץסȴôҲץסֻ㱾ã飬ûô򵥡
Ҷ诶ҾţҵԵ־ʹ˾ˣһԾɽϷԾ޶ȥ
ֻ·ĳϪϣ漴ûӰ






015 ȥδ

һ¹֦ͷΧûǣЩĳԵø䡣Ժһ˿չŹͺͺ֦ѾҹɫЩϢ
Ҷ诶
Ժ̧ͷ£Ҷ诶ԣıӰ˿̾ԵЩį
ôˣʲô𣿡Ҷ诶еʡʱԵĺ٣ңĲɡ
ͷһװҶ诶վµвԵֱ׾һݱµƿĿ⣬̾ˣѾĸˡ
޲ɢ֮ϯҶ诶⻰֪Ϊ˸Сοܻһ졣
ͷǳЦԼ¹£ˡǣƽ΢΢ʹģеĿڣ㣬ҡ
Ҷ诶ĻǰһĿ⣬ӦԼͱôһСû㡣һ죬Ӧȥˡ֮кܶ˵ȥΡţƾı£¡
˵ʲôһֱΪǳ׵ģһ֮ǲмһ˵ġǷݵȻһֱԼ͵ġǣ˵ʲôȻԼȥ˲
㣬ϡ£ԣϣԺʦһɽһӡ
Ȼˣֺα뿪ʦ⽭֮أҶ诶ʡ
⡭֪𣬡ΣҲϲЩݡڣ޾ӡ
֪Ҷ诶ЦˣǣҲ˵ҽ߸ĸġȻһñ죬ȻӦβˡɵģǣøҪε֪㣬ҽ㲻һֱԾΪ𣿡
Զԡβˣǣû濼ǹҪôֻǾãһһͿˡ
վļңҪ뿪ģʲôҶ诶ߵԺмվ̫ˣʹ֪㲻á⼸£Ƕ˸飬Ҳ뿪ǣվҪߵģʹղߣղߣܲһӰɣ
˵һůԭҲ᲻ԼġЩЦ⣬ڵ㣬Ȼҽ㣬һֺη
仰ѾܸжˡҶ诶ҲЦˣֻǣվһ᳤󣬻ȢӣҪʦѵҲһÿ𣿡
㣬̫Զ˰ɣüʲôȢӣһûأ
ǣ㲻Ѿ԰õ𣿡һҶ诶ЦˣСһϵǸŮ𣿡
ĬһᣬĿҶ诶㣬˵ô࣬ʵҾ˵һ仰Ҳߣҿ𣿡
Ҷ诶û˵ڹΪҪͬ˵ʱֻҡҡͷ
Ϊʲô
أΪʲôҪ£Ҷ诶ʡ
ңҲֻ֪ǣ뿪ʵ˵ֻҪҪ뿪ͻܡѾ˺ü죬Ҳ𰸡Сû˵Ѿ˽һɣ
ǣʦͣʵҶ诶ҲǲãֻǣҪ£ûʲôɡңһģһĺñ죬ʵӦȥ츣ˡ
ҡҡͷ֪
߰ɡΣҶ诶ڣ٣ҪȥӦʦİ֮Լ
˵εЦˣֻǣЦúǿ̡
ֻǣˣʱǡ
Ҷ诶仰˲ʹϵɫ䣬ȻЩɵʣ㣬˵ĿԻ
Ҷ诶ͷһĵģ¾֮ɣ
ǽΣҪŬ
ǣŴô죿Ȼüһǳص⡣
ȻһߣҶ诶ЩĿѵǸɣ
ǣǡ֧š
ûءһˣŮչӣǣвʱ򡣡Ҷ诶ѡ㡱ҧúءңɴûԼȥչ˹ǫ֮ܣδŮء
ԶԶԣȻˣͷȻʦҲܴ˻ȥǣҲûа취£ʦ½ҵġ
Ҷ诶ͷû˵
磬Ҫ𣿡ʰ֮վſڣպ˵Ļ
֪֮ԼĸԺ󣬹ʱЩڡֻþദҲٺ죬֮Ҳࡣ
ǡЦţҲˡ
ǣǡ֮ʼУ˰죬ֿڵǣԺ˭չ˽أҩҲ˰УУԺȥ˭أ
˵Щּԣԣ㲻ģ
ֿҶ诶㣬Ҳǹ˵ģֻǡ
ÿҪ޵ӣҶ诶æվǰס֣֮𼱡Ҫߣǣǵġ
ģ֮ﷺ⿴
ͷһġ
֮ΪЦҲû˼ķգǣ˶һûһ
ڵĹǫȴǽǵĻһֲ©֮ѵҪߣҲǻصʦȥңҶ诶ĿƺҲ¡ǣԼأ
ĸûӰڲ֪常Լ֮ǣҪɱԼģҲ
룬֮󣬾Լ֮
Լ׸úȥδأ






016 ֮

ĸº
ˣȲҪҲҪţȻˣɾͲˡһİС̺ãһҶ诶
ǿһһʹҶ诶ͷۣס
ģʹԽԽǿңʱҲԽԽ̣Ҷ诶ݺҧ´ֻоСһǿҵ׹УţʹѾܵķΧɵýг
ˣˣŷҶ诶˫ȲҶˣˣһԣԣ
ʹҶ诶һ֮óȫŸоһʹ֮ʧһɸС
Ҷ诶档֪Ǳˡ
ʱһ뵽ģǸճıǣܹͬʹ衣
ԭһѶʹĹ̡
ø⡣˵ǰѾТ˳ˣǣֱһ̣֪һУԶԶ
ֻǣΪʲôֱʱŻЩѵǣ֪ĸ
衭
Ҷ诶˼ƮţͻȻһĿѡ
šۡĿ֮ﾪϲڶ𣬡ϲ㣬ǸСү
۾㿴һ㵸۴޵Ӥվڴǰ
ллҶ诶Ц
֮֮ôˣû°ɣ⴫һ˵
磬ѾˣĸƽǸү֮⺰
̫ˣϲ
עϲ̵ȥˡ
СŶſڴߣС
Ŵ磬㿴㿴Ҫˣ˵
һſޱȵչٲȻǹǫ
ΪҲ
ﲻΪ棬ǣΪʲôǫʮһ֮û뿪
ԭǹ뿪֮󲻵£ֻԴ塣һĲöˣɣʦйáԣԺʦкҶ诶ߡ
ȴ˵ǹǫ֮ĽԹҲᷳ˴ɱɱ͸ն񣬸Ը̤㽭ҪǣİƽĪĴ˼¡
Ҷ诶ȴִⲻϡ
ΪʲôҪأǷ׷ǹʣһ˺סһδЩ˵㲻֪һ仰𣿹ѸǰǷǶࡣ
Ҷ诶ɡ
𣿡ǫЦˣƲߣʲôʱʼ˵뷨ˣԼ·ñȥ˵ɣ仰˵ġңܺã԰һЩֻػҪģ㲻ϣ֪ôߣͲõһ˵ȥˡҪ֪ڽЩģ˵ĻҪ½֪¡
в𣿡Ҷ诶ۿ֮ȥȥαͣ
ֻǣ뾲һǫɫͻȻȻҲ֪ʲôطȥ
Ҷ诶üͷ΢壬ӣ˳ˡƬ̣ͷáȻҪֻػôҪ㹤Ǯġ
ǫһ㶣漴ЦˣֻҪгסͿˡ
Ǵٲǰһµʱ뿪ԴģȻȻĿġʱߵȷҪһһЩ׼ȥһҶġңºԺ󣬼»ֻ֮࣬һ˿²ꡣڹҶ诶ȶԺһҽݣרְˡ
ǫӦ书ɻȻǲڻ£˵ʱְܼԺ
ǫǶ˼Ҷȱˡ
һǰѾټҰԴ壬Ҷ诶Ը³ǲԶһǣˮǡڣǾסˮһҲСԺ
㣬ǸʲôأͰ͵Сˣʵ
Ҷ诶뿿ڴϣһ˼ϣԺƽĹһҪ󸻴ҲҪ£ô֮ͣɡ
֮֮֮߶˼飬ͷС˵Сһˣ֮
˵ͻȻ̧ͷҶ诶㣬ʲô
Ҷ诶һ㶣ЦգҶ֮
һ㶣ǫҲһ㶡
ֻ֮һĬ
Ϊʲôվֱӣֱʵ
ǫҲɻĿ⿴û˵˭ҵĺĸյġŮˣǲһ
ֻ֣һŶѣʲôʲôνҶ诶Ĵ
ŶһûʡȻûŪô¡
ۡۡ
ĬţǺͻȻ
㣬ӿ϶ǶˣЩι̰ɣ֮˵ŰѺӱҶ诶ֻͷ˵ҲˣǶȥЪŰɣ
֡Ŷһߡ
ǫ󣬴ߵſʱͻȻͷҶ诶£ͽҡ
Ҷ诶ͷȥ·ͷ
ԼԵôҶ诶ӿһҸкС
㣬úأ֮һ¾ǸСˡ
𣿡Ҷ诶Цˣ޳ĿŻ˶
ʱЩƣȴ˼ĸյȥôĶˡ
ҳһЩ˵һӶһЩǵķͱ˲һأ֮￴͸С˵š
⻰ȴɹҶ诶˺졣
һٿСˣĿ˵ǣתһ룬ְοԼ֪ġ
Զᡣ
ֻҪ֮ﲻ˵Լ˵ôԶǸա
գǺһʮ
ֻǣҶ֮ÿʮ
ǫӲȥգԣصǻɡ
֮׵ġ
պ컳ģôʱ㣬ҲǲԵġ
⣬ҲΪʲô뿪Դİĳԭ
Ѿ˲ŷڷѣֻҪ㲻û˻֪⺢³ġ
ģŻѾ˯ĺӣҲ硣





001 ׽

ҩڷģúģɼˣϸϸ
סˣסˣһϸӦš
Զ¶һ˿Ц
ƿԺ߳һλױȹ׿ԽŮӣòˬˣֲʧģԷһЩȴԵһֶصĸʡ
㣬أϵЦݸˣ۹ƵȥѰǸС㡣
˵ţһ漴һ࿡ĺͯǰǰУһ߽ţ衭
һѱ߸߾𣬡о
СȴֻЦȥץķڡ
أҶ诶Ц˵Ŀ⿴ղȥϸˣʵղҩ˶Ǯ
һ⻰ϵЦ漴ʧҶ֮§ڻ࿿ڣ㣬ҡ
ǮˣǲǣҶ诶װ
ͷҶ诶ɫϲٿתŪı
֪˼Ҷ诶ε̾һǣô˵ҲҪջسɱҩɶǻǮġȥóҪš
һΪʵβ˵ԸҲ׬ãҶ诶ٽֵסá˭ϣһʱȥˣԽԽãȴԽԽ١
֪Ĳϣǣû뵽ˡʮҩжǮĻ˵СҽΣʵ߲շġˣʱڣƼݣóʮǮ˼ҡ
һʱ䣬Ǯû׬ùˡҽƺšԽԽԶˮǵ˶ҽ
˶ѭһЩ˼׬ӳţͱˡ
ǣסˡҶ诶Ļ˵꣬ĵͷ
Ҷ诶̾һĻ˵ûһٱ飬ҲоʮűˡÿζģǣֻҪһˣҶ诶Ļȥˡ
㲢ǲƣֻǣڻûҶ诶ӹ֮һ߻Թ˵š
㡣ȻɫʵҲף𣿿Щ֮˱ĥҲ̣ܲԲԣԣ֮£ҲͬġȻһʱ䣬кܶ취ֹңǣȴû
Ҷ诶⻰һ㶣ٿƽպֱŲһɣĵԭҲôľ֮ˡ
ȴشֻЦóԷˣǶڵأ
áҲû˵ʲôֻߵһдСϢʱ䣬šӹϣȻҶ诶˺Ժ
ߵԺҶ诶ĺӾͱһӱȥһֺСһЦʲôʱһŵ
Ŵ磬ָ깦ɣƣһһͷĺǰֳ֮Źǫȥϴһϴٱɣ
Ҷ诶εЦˡϲ֮Уû뵽ǫҲй֮޲⺢Ӹµʱ򣬹ҪӵĸɵҶ诶Цŵͷ˭֪ǫҲҪ֮ΪɶӡҶ诶Щ⣬ȴûзԡ˱㶼Ҷ֮ĵ
ǫһЦתȥԷ
Էˣ֮ýе
ս˷ţְ֮ѺӴӹӹȥȳԡ
Ҳæ˰죬ͶˣҶ诶кȳˡ
һᣬǫ·ˣȴԷҶ诶Ծƶ˸գҴѾ͸ɡ֮ءֻǣƺһЩʲôȴ벻ˡ
̫ȭһ·ȭĶ֫鶯㲻ؿȥʲôˮΣʹ䶨Ρأ̫ĸ߾硣Ҷ诶һ߰żһ˵Ҫֶ֪ǲھԴȪֻ֪ɡᣬˮȴ֪ҲԿ磻͸ǧİȴ֪ǧֻĵ
ǫüͷһ壬¿ӣҲ˵ֱ˳ȥ
ÿζ죬Է
㣬㣬˵ʲô̫ȭ˭룬ǸաÿճʲôҲ֮һԹ
Ҷ诶ֻЦҲ˵
Ҳãպȷˣҽʫ黭ҽˣŴ书Ƿ˫ȫˡһ߳Էһ˵
ǵءʱϲʲô˵ɣҶ诶Ѱõļŵ֮԰ɣ
Сһϲ̵ĽӹҧһᣬԵ춼ǵƲ֮ι࣬ûȼڣͲͷˣཡⴵവĴҽ
룬øˡҶ诶ЦĿ˵
֮һ㶣㣬̫˰ɣ
ǴСӲǺ̺ȵʱŶ𣿷һһ㣬ôͶأ
ˡԼԶˣ𣿡Ҷ诶ͷһЦ˵ҵ
㣬ʲô˼֮ɻʡ
Ҳ̧ͷҶ诶
ȥǵҪ׽ˡҶ诶ЦԣڻЩǮ⡣
һæʵ㣬ҵԵ𣿡
ŷеĿӣҲãֻ֪һˣȴýΪˡ
ⲻ㡣Ҷ诶οʹҲ㡣ҲСˣҲ԰ˡ
֪Щʲô֮ʵ






002 ʼж

㵱Ҫ𣿡ʵȻ治࣬ǣҲ֪֮ˣˣδŮġοҪʲô⣿
ҪˡҶ诶Ц˵
ңһ֣УУ⣿㿴þ֪ˡ
ɻǵԱ⣿Ҷ诶ͻȻʵ
ʱôˣǵͷȻǵáʹĲκõġ
ûмǴҶ诶Цúǲãܸаɣ
ǣͷⲡҪҩĺ֣ҩѹЩһһʮӣ־͸Ĳ˵ˮһ˼ˡң˺ʩǸˡ
ǲ缲ҲࡣҶ诶ӹʾ֮Էֽ˵𣿡
Ӧûɣ𣬡֮ǰһֱ˵ҪңʲôҪ󾡹ġңҸƵĲҩ˵Чܺء
ҲˡҶ诶ǹһĨŵЦƵЩ𣿡
ˡʣϾȻһ죬ֻǣ㣬˵ô࣬㵽ҪʲôⰡ
³극֮¿꣬͹ǫҳȥЩҶ诶ȴشֻǲŻﱦߵм
ŶӦţڳ
Ҷ诶֮˷ţԺ㿴ǫڴȭ
ԼѧȭʱҲѧЩ̫ȭҪǷȭϣ̫ȴѧĶһЩû뵽һżȻĻᣬԹǫ˼䣬ԺܸߣȻԴҶ诶һָһҲСгɾ͡
ȭ仹ﲻľ磬ȴҲˮϸȥѷ֣ÿÿƣʵ޲̺޾
Ҷ诶֣ƣЦų߹
ҪȥԱң˵ֵ꣬ʡ
ǡҶ诶ͷ
˵ŻѾ˴֡
ʱֵ磬µѾЩˣ˲ֻ࣬ϼӻСߺš
䶼ǲȴ˹Լܱ̯עĿҶ诶м䣬ǫһһңϱЩ֣ο˿ĿעĿС
Ҷ诶˼ȥŸݷãΪʱ磬˶в㡣ԣŶȥһҴꡣ
ϰ壬ҪĶɶˣ˵꣬Ҷ诶໰żɽ
Ҷ诶ϰ϶˷еЦŵĶˣһ£ȴܿ췴Ӧˣˣ˵Ժ
Ժϰƿһ䷿ݵţͷҶ诶ˣ롣
һȥﵽ˴СС̵СƿĲȭͷССȴҰ㡣˵̬죬ɫ;ɱ¡
ҵҪӦɣҶ诶
֪֪ϰҲڼȴڵһμʱ㱻ŭɫסռ˾㶼ɫ֮СĽ
Ҷ诶һɨȥӣһɫƿ缦С˫ͼǴϸɷǿɰٿɣ䲻ãȴҲϸ⻬ָáҴǲġ
Լʱ䣬֪ͻص㣬Ҷ诶Ŷ˳꣬ǰȥ
һС꣬Сûơ˽ȥ㿴һͷɻ
ϲҪĶ𣿡Ҷ诶ʵ
̧ͷˣվЦԭǷ˰죬
˵⻰ֳźԺϲ衣
ϲˣҵ»£Ҫ뿪ءҶ诶Цֹʵ֪ҪĶ
ˣˣͷ˿С꣬ȻǾΪ
˵תǹ̨óһķСӣݸҶ诶Ц֪ϲϷ˵⣿
Ҷ诶ӹǺӣϸĶꡣӦ̴ľһɵ̴㡣Ӳ󣬺Ҷ诶Ʋࡣһ㵭ɫĳ񲼣ĸʻɫС֣⡣
򿪺иǣԭľɫĸɸɾȥģ˿ûľʵĴֲڡ
Ҷ诶ͷϲչȻ֪߳ʽҲ𣿡
תһݸҶ诶һκӣΰǷۺɫ񲼣ҲĸС֣ӡ棬仹ԭľɫȴһԧϷˮͼ
Ҷ诶¶ϲɫϲֻվɣ˼ϸܡ⣬ֻҪ໨ܶʱհɣ
£ֻǻͼȻһӡġҶ诶ҲЦݡ
ϲԺһҪܶĺӣ֪˼ǷԸ⣿ֿ˼Ҷ诶Ϊ⣬ʵ
ʣǿˡ֣ɫʲô£˾ܷԸˡ
ôɣģϲ˵Ҿ͵Ӧˣɲɣ
ããһڴӦ
ǣһ֮롣Ҷ诶ֵ
һ㶡
ϲֻܷһҵ⣿δڣҶ诶Ѿ
һ㶡
Ȼ˵⣬ָһԶôľСģƽʱĸлǿġҶ诶һӣǣЩʽȴ
ԲӦҾԲǿġҶ诶˵˵ǣǺż۸棬һġ
ǷȵģһںЩľͷ𣿡˳̾һͷ˵ʲôǮູհ
ϲȻ˵Ҿ͵ӦˡҶ诶˵ţóһƱŵϣһƱ¡
ƴǰ죬κ񲻹Ҷ诶ֻó̾ˣҶ诶֤ԻķԸ
߳ҵ꣬ǫȴ
һֱҶ诶һ𣬺ʱô£ʱȵˣʱĴǺʱЩľӣ
Ҷ诶ӣȻһЦЩ£ؼԺǡڣǸȥŸˡ





003 ݷŸ

Ҳٶ룬·Ա⸮⡣
ȻǴ֮ң߸ߵ¥Ⱥţſһ˶ߵʯʨӡ
䣬ļҶǰȥͨ˾վŸ⡣
ˣˣδһţһʮҵӿ첽߳ԣȭ۲ʶ̩ɽù⣬е룬룡
ЦŻ񣬡Աⲻض񡣡
ָҶ诶͹ǫλҵĽҶ诶λҵѹŴ磬ǰݷԱ⡣
ǹͣͣԱ⳯˱ȭ˵òʱʧ񡣰βֵ룡ǵ̸
Ҷ诶㣬߰ɣ
Ҷ诶̧ߵǰ棬ȴûкԱһ˿ɻ
λ˶£ԱԸ˿裬ſڵ֪λãʲô𣿡
Աĳˮ˵һݷãһ󡣡Ҷ诶Ŀ⣬˵
ǺǣˣǶǰտĳˡԱ˵⻰۾ȴǿŹ˵ǹȵءʲôģʲô£˵޷
ȴ˵ֻǿҶ诶
Ҷ诶豭һڲ裬ŵڣԱƺŮӳͷ¶Щ
Աһ㶣漴ɫԹŮ룬Ӳ䲻֪ҶΪŸǿͣұزΪŮӾ͵ġ
⻰ѶŮƫˡҶ诶ЦҡͷȲ˵ˡԱҾͿżɽˡ
˵в豭ɫˮǿ꣬һЩƷʱ֮գԱǰȥ
㣿ꣿԱЩȣǫ˲ɫ΢΢˶ʵ֪ҶЩʲô
˵ЩظͷȴǺģѹôһҵ
Ҷ诶ǳЦţҼҾı£ԱѾʶˣоΪƵĲҩЧӦҲԶ׼ġ֮ƷǾƣ˵ҩȴǿвβ޲ġ
ᵽǲҩԱ¶ЦݣҽȻ޻˵ǲҩЧҲġ
תͷҶ诶Ҷ˼ǣĳڿ֮ʱ˵仰ˣ
ԱҶ诶΢΢Ƿ̧ͷ㣬Ա⻹ɴЩѼҾ٣СһЩƷԱл⡣
Ա´ǰλŮӡģݣ²ȴһζŮӲ򵥰
ԼҲмʮˣȴһŮӾ˶֮һԼڿ֮յãԼݿŷ֮⣬ټԼԣźܶ˶ġԼЩѣ˵ǿʵҲ£ˡҪ֪ԼѣǷǸ󰡡
ǰ˵ŮӣļƵ֮¡ٹ̸ֹ󷽣Ŀ񣬾һ
ΪŮӣȴ˹Ŀ࿴ֲù֮𾴡һ˸ǾǷҲĬĬףһԲ
һ룬Ա˵סٿڣѾû˶ŮӵӣﻰȥǸλĳˣ֪գʱһЩѹȥ
ʮ֮ǻƵգԱҶ诶˵⻰ѾˣǾȸˣʮպټ
ǫҲվԱⱧȭǡ
Ա⺮һ޷ڸò͡κ˱ƴǱߣԱҲûǿ
˳Ÿɫѽƻ衣
㣬ǣ⾿ô£վǰβסʵЩʲôʱȥģǸˣʲôʱȵģ
Ҷ诶΢΢һЦʲôֵģҾϽġֻǣǴľȴڰǰġ
ô˵ʹˣʵ
Ҷ诶ͷд⡣ֻǣЩʱ򷲶̫Сʲô㣬Բϵڡ
˵ȵô£ǫڣɻȴ͸Źػ
˵Ҷ诶ǵùʱǳԵĸ𣿡
ǵáͷʱǶڳԸ㣬ΨǺжӣֱֿÿ
ʱǺӾСɣ繤Ʒһ㣬ʱ֮£Ǻӣһ֮ҵ˸̣ӵˡʱӣȴһڶˣԭиӣѾƶȥˣȴǷһѵľծЩծġκûǮǱ㶯ֹǣ˻˾ǮҶ诶˵꣬ǫ飬ӡ
ԭͷ
ǫȴû˵
˻صУȴ֮ѾʼˣҲ˯ˡҶ诶˵ջҪȥӣԣ˳극ԻȥϢˡ
Ҷ诶صԷ֮˯ĺ㣬˰ڴԣóֽʣ˴
װԼҵҪĻѵȵȣһһԤ
һú󣬿еıʣεЦˡ⻹һ֧ɫԱʣǷڰԼԽģ뿪֮󣬰һֱߣû뵽˿̾Ȼó
˸Ҷ诶׼ȥϢˣ۽ȴһϤӰתͷȥǹǫվſڡ¹ӳϣԵһ㿡
ôûϢҶ诶ЦЦһʱȥˣ֮ûİ͸ҡͬһԼֵһ㣬Ȼգʱǻһ˲ʧ
Ǽ£ûô򵥰ɣȴ£վҶ诶ߣӸµĿ
ʲô£Ҷ诶òڣͷȥ֧ʡ
֮¡ǫȴûƿĿ⣬ֱֱ
̾û˵⻰Ҷ诶һ
ծ֮ˣ޲׺ݲбһŮӣͣǾͣ𣿼ʹӣǣӾưոݵˣǫЩ֮侹Щߡ
ңֻǳֽѵһ£ûʲôġҶ诶еıʣû̧ͷ
£ֹɣǫŻɡ
۵ʱΣѾȥˡҶ诶ˣȥϢɣ
ǫȴûлش𣬾Ҷ诶ΪҪ뿪֮ʱȴȻһסļ磬ӦңԺ󣬲ð֮¡
Ҷ诶̧ͷȴת˫£
ܿ죬ȥԽˡ
ǫһ㶣ϵ˫ȴ̰ůһʱ
Ҷ诶˫ֲ˫ۣԷȥ
诶һĺͬʱһֻס衣
ͷ㿴һš
֣ͷߣֻһ仰ڹǫߣ֮£ҵûз
ҹֻǫߴӰͦڷڣһ






004 ¾㱸

㣬ЩƿӺƯڶһ磬˻˶Ѷ͵˼á֮һƿϸ꣬֡
ƺõЩҩﶼùֿ𣬷ۼװСһЩƿװڴƿɲҪŪˣһҪǵʲôƿװʲôҩҪЩҩﶼװ꣬ҪЩʱġҶ诶˵Щֿ֮֮ȰЩҩʰϣϲĸĸˡ
Ǻǣá֮һߴţһѾæ
ǫһԱ֮һֱû˵
æһ磬Ű⼸ٸƿװҩְװҩĴƿŽЩµĺ
Ҫ𣿡֮һκӣʵңҾͻƯ
İ֮͵ģΣҶ诶Цʡ
֮װһ۹ڵȻǸˡ
취ȻҩֺãҶ诶Ĵָһװ磬ҩۺֹһ
ҪģȻҩЧһǣ಻١Ҷ诶͵ԼãֻˣǼӵġͽװ
װǰҩȻװ˼ɣ֮Ǻӷ£Ц
Ǻǣ͵Ҳ˵ĹȥҶ诶Ц
ǫһԿЦգĺȻһһ
˵Ǽ£ľûƽһֱΪԼĸоһִΪԼϲһˣңһźӵĹѸǣʧ̬ףԭԼģڲ֪˨Ůϡ
ǣʱЦȴΪԼš
֮£ҵûз
ɵӶľܾ֮⡣Լ̫³çˣֻĶԼû˿⡣Щص㣬صǣӽ𣬻һֱػһ˺
ǷݰȻϲǾԼĵװɣ
˵İȴҲڲȥġҶ诶ȻһֱææµµȴҲܸܵĿһֱ׷ԼȥֻĬĬĻ
ˣҶ诶վ֣֮ǶˣΪʹңǳȥԣô
Ŷ̫ˣֵ֮Һö
ǽ㣬ǲѾ𣿡ȴüʵΪʲôҪȥ˷Ǯأ
׽֮˵㻹ǵðǺǣǻأҶ诶ЦңմҶˣô
˵һһ¥ķ˺ܺóԣ磬Ǿȥ԰ɣҶ诶ӹǫӹܹ֮Ŀ⣬ͷ֮˵߰ɣ
֮˵û飬Ͼףû̸˵ľ飬ûпҶŶ֮ĲԾ˵ǹľ֮ˣ͸ᷢˡ
ɣ㡣ӹ֮ߵǰ棬֮Ҳæȥ
ֻǶں档
ˡǫڣ˼ӴˣҲˡ
áҶ诶һ£漴ͷתһЦϣسŵ
һġЦһ˲ʧȴѵͷشһʱ䣬˽֪˵һġ
ˣͷ¶棬û°ɣҶ诶Ͻ֮£Щˡôʱȥˣһˡ
һůǹԼġû¡
ʲôԾҲһʧ
Ҫ꣬ǾζŴӴ˻͸˵˽ȻҪ߱ôʹΣգҲηġ
ѾһΣʲô
ĳ࣬ʵ̫ҡˡҶ诶Цҡͷ˵ָֻ˴ǰˣȥʾ֪᲻ݡ
һᡣ֪ʲôʱԼĸ龹ϸˡһƺһȶۡʱҲƺԼ
˵䣬һԶĻ¥õȥű֪ҲΪҪԷҪһӡ
Ȼǲȵģߡ
֮ﱾڹߣȴͻȻͷҶ诶ĸ첲㣬֪ǻ翪أ㿴˼Ҷ׬Ǯô˵ųԷء
ðԺǮˣҸ㿪һΣҶ诶ЦŻش
ĻⰡ֮ɫһ졣
˵˵ЦЦģһͨСݣ򵥵ĳһٷ󣬱ص˼á
΢Ϣһ£Ҷ诶Լ˵֮ŷӪҵ
Źǫȥӡ
ʵ˵ϴεҶ诶Ҳ¡ԼĹȻȴûԸһСëȻû⣬֣ǾͲˡԣŻѹǫߡΪ˷룬ҲҪ֤Լİȫ
Ƕϵһ棬ҲСˡԭǲ꣬ϰɥӣľӪ׼ѵȥЩϡط䲻ˮ֮ȴҲַǷοϰ屯ʹ֮ʣֻЩѵȥԣҲ㡣
ĲƥѾ۴ˣֻʣ¹̨һӼӡשǽ棬ʯ̵أҲɾ
Ҷ诶ϸ˿ͬϰǩԼ飬Ԥȸһµķ⣬˷ӵ⡣
һḷ̌Ҷ诶ҪĶδΣߴһ֮ȥЩҵ֮ҪĶŻصá
ææµµһʱѾȥصãС˯֮ѾȥˡǰÿˡҶ诶̾һᴷ˫ȡôãЩˡ
࣬ΪִҪ⣿ǫ棬һ˿ۣ̲飬թҪȥԺܶ˺¡ҪֻǮƣҿԡ
ǡδ˵꣬Ҷ诶ֻģЩѡ
ǣҲطҪⰡǫ֪̰Ǯ֮ˣϾŮӣִδ̳ҵġ
ŮΣҶ诶ȴЩ棬ŮӾͲͷ¶棬Ͳһ˿⣬ԳĺԻƵأŮ˾ͻôڼϴ񣬹ԹԵҲܶŮԸģǣҲ롣ŮҲбҲ׳־˿£ŮͬңԸ⣬ҿԱĸáҵ˼𣿡
һôŮ˵ĺ׳ǫһ˲ʧ񡣼ΪѾ˽ˣ˽⣬²Ÿոտʼ
һлûпʼ˵ʲôûõġҲЩԺ׵ġԺ·˴㣬ֻǣ·һһ߳ģȻһ졣
ǫʢˣǹŸϣһ
㡣ڣֻҪģʲôԡ
ȻҪǵİˡǡֵĶĿǰûжȥͻˡ
˼֪ԼҪԽࡣͷãĻơ
ллĿۣĿ峺û˿о棬뿪ЦģһḶܶǮġ
ЦûЦɫһá
ڣ¾㱸һоҪʼˣҶ诶αϣݶźͿ






005 

žžžһ󳤳ֵıһǺùĴ࣬ŶŰ࣬͸ϲ졣ֵԽԽ࣬Χĵǰ档
֪Ҫʲô꣬ôණ֣
ûʼ׬Ǯͻ˲Ǯ˰ɣҿϰеȱۡ
˵ͼЩϵأ
ҽĵ𣿡
ǣ˵ǸŮӡϢ˵ģ˵Ĺ̨ľ̴ġϢɼٲˣ
ŮģļٵģŮ˿⣿
ʹδҿƵĵһصɴۼİվҲԽԽࡣ
Ҿһһ
ͻȻ֮䣬ͣһȵڵǰ
Ա⣡ҿİɣ
Ա⣡ôǮĶǴ꣬ôܿôСһأ϶
ʲôѵôСһ꿪뵽𣿡
˵ˣ˵ˣ˼ô˵ɣ
ڣ
Ա⿴һˣһֵصӣֻΪҪţΪҪģ˵һˮǰյ˱ϡҽţظλ˵ɣĳ缲ǹҽκõġ񣬹Ľ㣬ҲϰҶϰ壬Ϊ츣ˣùһЩǿĲҩڴ˿ĳ˱֤ҽԿŵĹҿԷĹҩ⣬˵꿪ţĳԤף¡ԴҲϣˮǰ念⣡
ⷬ˵꣬˸ŵ˽⡣ѼԱ⻰䣬һк
Աһ̧֣˰ڵҶϰ˵䣡
һƬк
Ůӳͷ¶֣οꣿȻ۾ƾʲôһλŮӣ
Ҷ诶Ȼûװ磬ͷҲֻǼ򵥵ʾǳ֮һɫķԵظ߹󣬼͸䣬Գϡ
Ҷ诶ڴлλǰλŮӿЩףκƣʵΪѶΪ֮λĪҪֲǡ
仰˵ڣ֮ǰĳɼʱʧֻ绨һϧ֮ɡ˵ŮӲ˳ͷ¶棬ǣһλˣΪȣ⣬ͿɼΡ
ⲻ֪Ҷ诶ﵽĿġƵŮǿˣȴ֪һвͨģ硰˸ա
ղԱ֮ԣ诶ѡҽȷȴ֮ܳΪҽ֮ҩʵҩȻҩǰ֮ΪƷΪʡвβ޲ңЩƷǿ壬ӻ˥֮Чӷãˬǿ׳ţŮרõģ֮գ󼡷ҿԼãҲ͸ԼѣӰˡգǱ꿪֮ʣвƷһɰۡ򣬻ӭҽһ
Ҷ诶˵ⷬתͷԱ˵Աϵĺ첼
Ա漴סǿ鳤ĺ񲼣һһŽߣڵ׺ֵƳڴǰ֣ݡ
ͬʱ˷ʾˮ¹ĵһʽӪҵˡ
˷ӵõڣĴƿҽȻĲƷŲɡ漴ѯ
Ա⣬诶ڴлˡҶ诶΢΢ǷóһµĴƿǾרΪԱƵĲƷЦɡ
ԱӹЦ⣬ĳͲˡ
һˣҶ诶ܵҶϰ壬һˣֻҪ鷳ΪЩƷźá
Ҷ诶˿ȥȴһ
ֻһ֮Եȴӡ̡ˣںԼȥǰʱˡ
ά֣λŮкܣҶϰ塣ԱܵҶϰ壬λǽάǵ³ǶĴϰ壬ɹ̸⣬ұˡ
Ҷϰ壬ˡάȭ
ϰˡҶ诶ûʲôӦҲͷС꿪ҵԱͽϰҡȥѾΪϰ
˵˵ͷҶ诶תȥҹ
Ůӣƺάü
ǿҶϰ峤ƯɣԱ٩
ǺǣҶϰ֮ˣҽĳҸʣάҲЦ
˵ǰŮˣԼԼάﴧĦףʲôطأ
һգƽֵĹȥˡ
ʱҶ诶˳ڻ¥ż䡣ΣǰԤġ
ΪݵĿŴ󼪣ɱҶ诶Ʊվϲɫ
㣬û뵽⾹ȻôãȻǰۣӱҼһµ붼áҲЦ
ǵȻҪ֪ҽǮġ
֮仰˵꣬˶Ц
ȻۣҶ诶ο֮մ˿ǿˡʵףݵĹ˿Ͷλʳ֮ˡͨԷ⣬˭ֻỨǮЩأ
գԱĿÿ˶һҽ֪ģǳⲹƷ֪еİأοǶǴ󸻴֮ˣûлͷ͡ǽӹǾİװʱϵ֮ɫҶ诶ʮˡ
ֻǣ֪ǽнά˻᲻ǵԼ
ѾһˣԼٲõʲôοһʱȥˣû˿ϢǸԼ˰ɣֻҪ֪ôԼûкµġԣԼŻĵĿ⡣һԼȤڣ֤ԼʵԼڵļֵرôһŮӲеʱԼһŮһ书磬Լ˵йǫԼߣϾʱġҪ֮ҲԼôҪǿ
Ǯʹĥƹ
˭ס
ԣ¸֮·ʼһһߡ
޷磬ûи£Ҳ͵һգǺǣԭ¾ɣ






006 ֮

գԱҶ诶ǰȥŸһ棬ԱͶԹмӡ仰Ҷ诶˼ԭ˹ҩ֮״Ժתлǡ
ҽԱƱԹԴǲҩҾ˼һ彡ȡ治֪θм㣬ⱭƣҾ򡣡
Цź£໰
Ҷϰ壬öλǰʵһ¡Աϰ߹ĳĬ֪һҶ诶ƴӣǣЦҶ诶˵֪Ҷϰɻǵýάϰ壿
Ҷ诶һϲ¶ͷǵá
գҶϰԸһƿɢǰգҶϰ˴תҶϰ壬˵һ󡣡
£Ҷ诶ʡ
ģ⣬ϰܳƵǵ³ǵһһλﲻ޹ϵ
Ҷ诶һ
ʵҲ֪¡Ĵǵү졣
үүҲ𣿡Ҷ诶ʵ
Ҷϰ֪ԱЦҶϰǳ⣬ضԽ֮²ϤɡӼǰһʫΪ̲к죬ɱĪǫ֮˺δѰֵܵºɽľ仰˵ĸˡһĺү
ɫһ䣬Ҷ诶ӵһ£ʾҪ΢΢ͷſڵ⽫֮˺δѰֵܵºɽ˵λҽˣ
ǡԱͷһλпʵ£˵үߣһλɽɽȣˡ
һ㶣ȴû˵
ԭˡҶ诶ͷЦô֪ϰ嵽к£
ģԱ˵⣬˵ٹ죬үٳϰһݱµ˼ȴ֪ͺ˹ҩ֮󣬾áԣҶϰæһҪ󣬾ǾҪأЧ졣ȻضٲҪһЩҩģԣһƱǶ𡣡
Ա˵ţóһƱϡ
˵Ҷ诶ЦԱЩˡҪЩʲôҩԱֱӺ;ھˡ
ãҶϰȻˬ죡ԱٴξٱҶϰ룡
ｻ֮䣬Աȴտڲҩ֮¡ùҶ诶ֻѯʡ
⣬Ҷϰ岻Ҫ⡣Ա˵ܷһ˵
һҶ诶վԱȥ˺
˺ܿͳֻǹɫ֮ȴЩȻ
˳Ҷ诶ԱǡԱ˵Щ֮ʣŷŶ뿪
֪ǽϰҪ뿪ŸҶ诶ʵҼɫ죬Īǲ𣿡
ҡҡͷεϾһ˿Σ㣬ҩǱеģҪơ
ӣҶ诶˼֣ڵ裿
ɫ죬˵ֻǵͷ
Ҷ诶ɵЦΪҽߣ˷Ų
̧ͷϵЦ⣬Ҳ˼Цˣ㣬ҡ
һŮҲںαôأҶ诶ɫˣ̲׳ĹЧ֮⣬ɻʲôô
ˣҲٶ룬費׳ҩƵʱ˵忼ǣʹ䲹࣬澫Ѫ念ѪʢȻԡ
˵վû˵ȥһҽߣκһʱһλŮ˵Ļǲס
áҶ诶ҲֻЦŵ˵ͷţõ裬ĺʺϺ죬Ǹ檳Ⱥү
㣬Ŵ磿ͻȻ𣬿ʵ
ǣȻĵҶ诶ҡҡͷû뵽ǫǸɱ֣ңǽ϶ɱ֡ԼҪȡһЩʩˡؼ֮󣬲֪𣿡
ǡԹԵĴ
˽㣬һ¡ֿڡ
Ŷʲô£Ҷ诶ͷ
գɵЦˣ㣬Ա˵ҽɽʦʵʦ
ŶҶ诶Щ⣬תһ룬Ȼˣֲþҽ˸ԭҽĴˡ
ٺ١Цˣʦı£Ҳѧ߰˰أܳƵϸأ
ǾǫˡҶ诶ҲЦˣת·һ̣˽ȥ

ά֣ЩũӦ𣿡Ƶʵ
үǵ˻ں̸ءƣҲˡάʵүܹɹôµҵɾүһ˵ˡ
ҺڴһĵһĨŵЦʱȻٲĺô
Ϊү£άҡάУүٳʣϯ¥𣿡
һ֣˵޷㿴Űˡ
Щ£ǣ粻˵Щ͢سӦ϶ʴ¡˵֪ûͽԼǣһĺģҲ١һֱĴΣԲŻڳٰĿûһʡ
ںЩѾɵйˡǣŵӣûƵĵԣÿ꣬¥λ󳼣Լ١
Լ׼񣬽άһϲȻǸЩŮӣſڶԺүǰЩӣһȤ£֪үûȤ
˵ûһŹɺ⡣
ǡάͷǰЩӣҵˮȥ£ɸһҵ꿪ҵǼҵأݣרһЩǿĲҩңЧԡֵǣǼҵϰ壬һŮӡ
˵ǰ仰ʱԺѾʼٵݣ⵹ǲԼҲԿԡпʵڣȻ׬ӡ
ǣ˵ϰ徹һŮʱһɫ΢΢б䣬ڵŮӣ
ңŮӣҾЩ˵άüͷһ壬Ȼ̧ͷ򺣰죬ЩֵĿ⣬æͷ˵
Щʲôɫ죬ʵ
⣬ά֧ţ˵֪ںǰŮӣҿЩ졣ոҲŮӣүһλӼơ
ҵӣüһλӣ
ҲֻǴҴҼһ棬֪ķšάʵ֪үɻǵãλǰүʱһ˵ŮЩͬѰ
͵Ȼ֮úÿ죬ǰһץסάֱۣʵ֪Ůӣ˭
үŮҶ诶άɫһ䣬ֱ۱ץۣȴҶ
ûмǴҶ诶һһʵ
Ǵġάæͷ
͵ɿվΣͷԽάȥɡ
ǣүάת౻ץʹĸ첲첽뿪ˡ
ֻǣһԺתĪǣŮӺүʲôϵ






007 ݹ

ճԹ緹Ҷ诶֮ݸͷ֮֮÷̫졣
ֶԹ˵ɢѾˣ˲࣬пյʱһЩɣ
ӦţͷȥŪı
߰ɡҶ诶ͷԹǫ˵
ߡߵſڣҶ诶ֻͷһ䡣
ǫûпֻǹԹԵİǸߴϣȻ󣬴󲽸Ҷ诶Ĳ
Щ£㲻˵Ϊ˰ȫ߻Ҫġ֣ԺҾ˽㣬Ķ㲻һ˵йǫûɣҶ诶һţһ˵
㣬֪ʲôǫʵȴǵġ
Ϊ̲к죬ɱĪǫ֮˺δѰֵܵºɽҶ诶⽭˵ܴ˵СҲСֻ֪һʱ⡣
ɱĪǫǫظţٿڣȴƽˣ֮ɱֹǫѾˡ
Ҷ诶ȥƯɵס¶Ŀûɱûб壬һˮƽ
ллãͻȻðһ仰
ءҶ诶ش𣬡ο֪ߣΪԼİȫ롣Ͼž书ԣؾÿǷҡ
ǫЩ΢΢ĴʹĻαؽôס֪ĵߡԼԽôԥԼ뿪
ԣֻ̡
οҲÿ죬
ݵ൱Щٹ˿ԽԽ񣬶̶һµʱ䣬ˮǱ˾֪ˡȻһģҶ诶λ󷽵Ůϰ塣
Ҷϰ壬ʹŮʲôţⲻһ꣬һλŻǰѯ
Ҷ诶ЦЦɢ
Զԣɢƿ˵ͳӣҼҷԱ̫˵ҩɺˣԺƤıְأⲻһ磬ͷǵ򡣡
𣿡Ҷ诶óƿɢװεľȻϣתˣЧѣҷĲա
ҶϰȻǿ˿Ůкܣ˿˷˵Ľţ۹ȴһֱû뿪Ҷ诶ѹ֮áҶϰ֪ˮǣݼͳӵĴˡ
˻Ҷ诶ɻ
۽ӣֻ̽װݷãֻҪݵĺһóǾͻܵ߻ߣ˸߲ҡĺӣⲻӣִʲôأ
Ҷ诶ֻЦȴ˵
ҼҷҲƿӻӰأ˼˵Ҷϰ忪ҵ֮ʱҵ񻹱ҷղء
λ̧ˡҶ诶ЩԤϵġ
ˣȸˡ˵ҲǶģҶ诶໰ʱ뿪ˡ
ȻҶ诶òҲûǸ
ˮǣҲû˸ﵷҡ
Ҷ诶һŮԱɲƲ硣ݣŵģʣ˭ǣ
ʵҲҶ诶ԱĿġ˵кٻ֮ӣȴǲѶΪ֮
Ŀ׬ǮûйľȥһЩ߰顣
ֻǣû뵽ô죬ݵžʹˣңͦ
ûɵĺһ۹ǫĿҲûԹԵϵһЩƿӣĻҳȴһ׻Сֻǣš
⣬֪ʱһӰǫѲȴû۾
һϮذ׵廨ȹµģ߸ߵֻڶ£ţֱǰϲûжƷֻһ̵ֻӱסͷ̷ͷϡõĽëͶµİӰͦıСɵĵɫ˫
Ƚ죬űĺůů塭
ʹܵͺܵͣȻõĺ߳
ʱ֮ãȻǵ׸裬ԼЩš
ǣļǵãǣϪ֮Ϸʱ׸衣
Ҷ诶ƿӲøɾתŻػȥ۽ǵȴſڵӰһۿȥһ
ûжô
ȻǸӣȴЩǿӲ˼Щ߰˼ֽģУȴ˵ķɺ
ƵĿʼ١
ףԼʹ޵ŮˣٴԼģȻָо
Ȼӵ뻳
ģⲻĿġ
ӽά֪Ϣϲǻŭʼȼաʱ䣬ΪѾŮˣǣԼķŭԭһֱԼ
ŮˣԲŹ˵ĳ裬Ҫʮٱֻ
һû˯ϼҴҵĸԼֻǼűˡ
ȴڿһ˲ˣԼȻûǣ
Ϊ㣬ú
ܿ죬ǰһС
Ҷ诶̧ֱߵǰ
󣬲ŷѾǰҶ诶һתѴƿڷڻϣٻͷѾǡô΢Цүݹ٣ݿν԰






008 ּۻ

ĵȻ⣬ŭʼһסֱۣǰһ㿿˹ͬʱһЩϤȴЩİϢƮıǶˡ
мŹ̨Ҷ诶ǰţС̨ѹţüڵүء
ҵ֪˿ɹƭ𣿡ץǸУ
ſ
Ҷ诶ڣԱһֵ
ͷҲأֱֱҶ诶ĿȴǵģҲ㹴˵һֶΣֻǣ֪ļҹӣ
˵ſǫѾŭ⡣
֪νүҶ诶ʲôϵԣһֱԾ˵̸ȴ룬ԽԽԻ󡣼֣Ҳ̲ס
쾹Ȼķ֣תͷϹǫĿ⣬ʲʱȻɢһɺ⡣ûɵһЦʲôˣҲҷʩ
Զ㣡ʲôݣ˺һҪŮˡ
ͻȻЦЦһֹҶ诶£Ҳȹ֮ɣ
Ҷ诶ûзӦǫȴˡ
ΣҶ诶ֻס֡
˵⻰ӹ̨߳ͣڹǫߣ˵Ȼؼң͵
ǫ䲻ģ˼֪ᴦõġǣͷֿ˺һۣ󲽳ȥ
Ҷ诶뿪߹ȥŹϡ룬ѺˣԺԼա
ؼң˵ĻڶߣﾹȻģȰҶ诶ҲòϣֶΣǸ
ˡҶ诶ŭЦ޾ĶϺӣˣ֪үΪ£İɣ
ЦȻŭǡĪģס˵͡
ţѾˡ
ǰһ§סһַ󱳣һ̶ֽԴĴ޷˵ѹȥ
ķȴЧ
ĺϧ˫ƺܷйǻŭڰβסĽͣȴıݵ棬ϵһҶ诶ʹѽһѾû˽ȥ
ûԥһҧȥر󣬵Ѿ㹻ֹͣǡ
ȻĶͣ뿪Ĵ˫䣬§ڻͷѾǵڶҧˡһΪڲͬôһΣΪʲôʼʩ𣿡
֮䣬Ѿˣ𣿡Ҷ诶̧ͷĿ
᲻Ӧ˵㡣
Ȼ֪ʲôŮˣȻ˿ңαػңҶ诶εҳϣȥ飬ҲԣΪҵĿģ㡣ǣѾˣ뿪ҾѾˡ
Ҳ֪𣿡ЦȻ֪ôң
Ҷ诶ȥţȷſңûа취̸
쵹ҲûΪɿֱߵԷ£ڵӦúú̸һ̸
Ҷ诶Ц̸һ̸ҡ
áҶ诶ˬĴӦ˵ɣʲô
ӣȤһ˼ڵҵƭǲˡġǣ̬ȱȽϳϿҡɣȻѾ⣬϶׬˲ˣôÿʮƱ֮ұ޹ϸΣ
΢һüʮ㵹ʨӴ󿪿ڡҲ֪ⲻܳܵķΧг̸ôһڼۣʱ䣬Ҹʮ֮һʹ
ûּۻ۵ʸ񡣡ЦĿ۸񻹵Щˡ
ȻţǵЦǺг⡣еߵġʮһֶ١
Ҷ诶չüͷ۾΢΢ţȥ
ģĵվǷҵġ㻹ôԵΪūΪ澣ţǷҵһС
ãҶ诶ȻתͷţǾһΪʱ䣬Ҹʮ򣬴ӴˣǻǷ߸·ү
һ㶡Ϊ˵ʮ˵Ҳ֡ƾһŮӣöʮ
룬ֿڵӦôˬ죬ҵıˡ
Ҷ诶¶ɻּ˵ǻ˵ͷʮ򣬱ԼͶã޽衣رˡ
δҶ诶ڣֵҲûĸ˿Ϊóʮ򡣡
㣬쵰Ҷ诶Ȼĳ֮⣬ŭ죬㲻Ҫ̫ҽ컹ҪˣҪļ۸һֶѹʮ֮ڣҿ϶㡣ұ֤ʮ򣬾ҿԼáһǼٱ֣֮ô㴦á
ãȵľ仰˻棿
һԼȳ׷Ҷ诶ᶨҲ˵ǰͷҸӣô֮޹ϸ㣬
¼䣬ûб£ҲǼ֣ˣǾһΪ֮òʮôҪҴã
Ҷ诶ͷĿ˲м
Ҳȥ⡣Ȼǿô͵ԶߺˡôҲţƾһŮӣʱʮѩ
һҶ诶ֿڵ
뷴ڣüЦ
ȻҪǮôƱػ͸˴򽻵УȻٲˡ
ͷ鲼ȫиҵ¡ȻҪ⣬ôɱĻԼн
ʱɹΪѡҶ诶Լģǰǣû˴
ס첻˼ĵͷˣʱʲô£һǹġ
ƶôӡôվҪԼŮ˵ġ
ôǾһΪˡҶ诶ЦЦˣүƼݰɣС껹Ҫأ
Ҳ֪ܼһʱԺеǻᣬҲЦãĺϢ
ߣߵſڣȻͷǸˣ˭
伫ƣȴ¶Щ⡣
Ҷ诶һЦѡ
ͣ磬ûи£һֱڲ磬Ըˣ½⡣






009 طʵأһ

뿪Ҷ诶ҲĿ꣬˵ţһдСͣҵһ족ӹϣתؼȥ
ʲôˡԱǫ
Ҷ诶Ҳû⡣֪Լ뿪ЦЦһ˶ѡ
㲻˵ȻҲʡǫ߹ֻǣҲ˺ġ
֪Ҷ诶
诶
ؼҰɣȥĿ⣬ֱǰȥ
ǫ̾һĿıӰΣҡҡͷ׷ȥ
ΪԼİԳõĵףһҲԡǣһĪүˡңˣԶôԽĶ
Ѳ³Ҳû뵽Ȼүйϵ£׹ݲ٣ǷģֻһˣǾǺ졣
ˣ֪֪Ҷ诶λǵ죬̸֮Ӧòֹǹ˵Ĺϵô򵥡
ôǵʲôϵأ
ң֮ǰԼĿ⣬̽Ǻ⡣
ǫΪ˵ʲôȴĪЦһ£Ȼ뿪ˡ
ǫݺὭʮ꣬ôῴĵ⣿ˣӶ϶үҶ诶ĹϵԲ򵥡
ôô磿һãҩĹֵʡ
ЩϢһ¡Ҷ诶
ﲻеҩ˹ҪҶ诶
Ҷ诶סЦֻЩˣްġ
û£ĵʵ
ǡȥæɡҶ诶ͷԺȥ
ɻĿ⿴ĹǫŴ磿
û£صġ˵⻰ǫҲ̧ȱߡ
緹ʱҶ诶˵΢ЦȴԵĲɡ
֮ƺҲ鲻ãʵĴĻһ
֮ķ˺óԡҶڣֻѰһ⣬㣬㻹ǵǵԱȥԷҵķζˣ֪˶ٵΣһ˺öˮ
ʵǹô嵭ġ֮￪ڵʵǣ̫ˡ
Ŷ𣿡ɻԭԵ嵭һЩкôġ
Ҷ诶һȴ΢΢ü֮ʵΪʲôô󣿡
Ҳ˽ũʲô¡֮͵
ũҶ诶üԽԽѵζũ𣿡
֮ͷǰ
ɷֹ˽ΣҶ诶ʵ
֮ҡҡͷû˵
Ҷ诶˼Ƭֿ̣ڵ֮Թ㿴ŷҪȥһˡ
ֵ֮ͷ
㣬岻ڼЪŰɣ͸ŹС
û£οһҪҪ졣˵Ҷ诶Ͼ¶һ˿ĵ΢Ц֮֮Ҫһ
֮۾һʵ͸𣿡
ǡҶ诶Цŵͷ
ʲôﰡ㣿Ҷ诶ЦգҲûҵģ
²Сֻ֮һ˵ġҶ诶
Ϊʲôûﰡװ̾
仰˶Цϵһɨ⣬Ҷ诶С֮Ц
µˬտơϪţһȥһ֮䡣
ٴλصҶ诶˼ǧ֮ԣִ󺣣͡һһʻԺ֣ڣҪˡ
ԣԼİգŲͬѰ塣
𣿡ǫ󿪿ڡ
ͷͷ߰ɡ
ǫǣɡ
ˣǰ͵ˡҶ诶ӿ˽Ų
δ壬һһļҶ诶һϲµĲִһЩ
ӭһӣҶ诶͹ǫ
ˣǶİաʲôҶ诶ȴǲ֪
ǣǣС㣿˽Ͱ͵Ŀڡ
Ҷ诶Ҳ˵ֻǳһЦ
˾еĳͷ㵸ܣһһߴУСˣҿǵСؼ
Ҷ诶Цҡҡͷһжûб䡣ˣôӿɰ
Ƭ̣㿴ƺƵʮ߹Ϊһˣִ󺣡
塣Ҷ诶߼ӭȥЦӯӯĿִ󺣣ֿ֮ˣڵǣɶ𣿡
С㣡С㣡ִ󺣴Ҷ诶ϲ˫ֺʮаţﻹס߶ţл죬лл棡
Ҳ׷ΧҶ诶ʩСˣºˣСˣ
壬ҿɶ𣿡Ҷ诶һһңվִǰʵ
ããءִ̧۽ǵᣬŴҶ诶С㣬ɺã
ҲáҶ诶Ц壬ǵ̸ɡ
㿴Ҷ˺ͿˣôСվأִæһƣС㣬Щɣ
Ҷ诶Ҳ̧ߵǰ档˽ں棬ֺƺƵĽ˴塣
һ㿴һľ߹ģļԱߣһһƵӣһ׵Ұñ档
壬Ұ𣿡Ҷ诶ϲ
ǣһֱִ󺣴ӣҲԽԽء
ôڵʲôˡҶ诶ʵ
С㣬ջϢһ°ɡִ󺣳Զһۣ֮Իϸĸһ£㿴ôУķ䣬һֱءң춼˴ɨɾĺܡ
áҶ诶ͷ
ֲòûп֮ԣԭǳȥˡ
Ҷ诶ִǲɢˣŹǫǰסķ䣬İһɣңһȾﲻɵһů
ҵĺԽԽˡǫڵ㵽ʲôأ
λȨصүϵǳǣֺȺƽڣңǵС㡣⣬ô£
һУԺһġҶ诶ЦοԺҾһˡ
һˣǫü˻






010 طʵأ

Ҵ˴뼸ѵˮȥ׼һЩ飬ҪǰæҶ诶͵
С㡣ߵִ󺣵
ɡҶ诶Ӧ
ִŽһ̣Ų豭
С㣬ò衣ִ˵žҪȥ衣
壬æˣԼɡҶ诶ӹʵ֮ȥҪʲôʱ
ȥҰȥˣһˣҲˡִվһԻشţ۾ȴһԵĹǫ
壬Ҹһ¡Ҷ诶ǫһ裬ֵһݸִ󺣣ҵѣǫ
ֿǫλ塣ӵĴ峤
ǫվҲ˵ֻǳȭ
ִŲ豭ֻǺǺǵЦš
壬ɡҶ诶˵Ҳ£ôҰ𣿡
ãϵĿջ¥ļ͵ġӣҰǹӦءִʵ
áҶ诶ЦˣǵҲù˰ɡ
ȻִϵЦȫСǴĸ
Ҷ诶Ц˵ʲôȴһײŵ˹ȥ̧ۿȥ㿴һϤӰվſڡ
ˣȴ֮ԡ
˰Σ֮ԵĿŴҶ诶ƿͷȭԭСˣ֮³çˡ
ҪҶ诶Ц°ɡ
֮߹£ȴȻͷճȭɿϢԼ
һ壬֪Ϣɱܹһ°ײĳԼǰ
ȻȴЩϣЩ
̫ʺ󣬿ȴ֪ôӺ˵
֮ԣ͵𣿡ǫ֮ԣݸһ裬ʵ
ǡСĵĽӹ
ڴʲôܸܲҽһ£Ҷ诶ʡ
á֮Եͷ˵ĿǰΪֹԼܱߵĴׯĿջ;¥õҰҰãṩġҰҲܺãרŰ˼𼦵·Ŀǰжٵģ˶ǰԤʱ䣬ѲԴֳ׬ճ֧Լ֧ǵĳͣΪֹǧ˰ٶʮ
ܺáҶ诶ͷʱ䣬ƺ֮Ըӳأ仹һʱģȴȵĶˡûһļƻ
ڣϵĿջ¥ǣһͨ㣬Ϊ۸⣬Գٳû̸ס˵Щ֮ԵĻûǰľн
ŶҶ诶
֮һû̫ı飬ʲôףԼһֻ֪Ϊǵ±⣬ࡣǣôŬжΪΪ˲ʧΪԼĿ࿴ڣڻˣԼΪĳɼȴ˿ûԾı飬ȻоġҪģ֪Ϊʲôһţйǫֺʲôϵ
֮ԡĽС
عҵĴӦţǣС㡣
һУѾĳɼһд㿪ʼԸ𣿡ʡ
Ը⡣˼ģش
ʹԶ磬޶ʡ
ǡӣĻش
ôߣӦ𣿡
ΣͷĬˡ
ʵҵİ֡ұҪһҵǣеļǲԶġҶ诶͵ȻҲǿ㡣ţҲᷢչĺܺãҲһΪԣ㲻ΪѣͬҲ֧㡣
֮ԣ˵ִһСػأ
壬鷿Կף˱ЩƱԺø㡣֮ͻȻվóԿ׺˱ͳͳִ󺣣ЩҶ诶֣ص۵ɽ𺣣Ը׷С㡣
Ҷ诶ˣֲΰ롣⣬óһ취ҲߡԼֻġǣǣʵڲ֪ʲô˿ţ
лл㡣Ҷ诶Цһ˿ɬ˵ʲôɽ𺣣Ϊ֮Ҳһ˺ġ
֮֮ԾϲΪʲôûкСһ
Ҷ诶Цŵͷܺáһߣܼܿˡ
С㣬⣬ҡִֹ
壬£»ҪˡҶ诶ο⣬ʱҪˡֻһѾ㹻ˡУҪߵģһˣ֪Ը⣿
˭ִ֮ͬʵ
͡Ҷ诶
ӣִüʲôᣬҪʲô
Ǻǣ˸𣿡Ҷ诶ЦˣҪҪߣҪԼ˵㡣
ߣߣִ˵⣬͸˵ıе壬ȥС㡣
ֻǣһҶ诶͵ĺþнվͷҿҶ诶
ǫȤĿˡܺ棬Ϊʲô˶Ҷ诶̬ȡȣȴǹмӡɫ֮䣬𾴡
ͣԸȥ𣿡Ҷ诶ʡ
Ը⡣͵
áҶ诶Ҳ໰֮ԵȻˣϵĹһ£ȻǾͳ
ô찡Ϳڵ
𣿡Ҷ诶еʵ㣬ȻȥǣΣ
ûУûв㡣æ֣˼ֻû뵽ô졣
֮Ҳʾû⣬ţִȥ
ͣǳ𣿡Ҷ诶ʵ
ڡ˾Ҳصĺúõġ
ŶΪʲôҶ诶ֵ
±͵ˡͺٺЦţοС˵ֻܼأԣһֱûÿء
𣿡Ҷ诶̲סЦˡ
С㣬Ҫ𣿡һ˵͵ľнˣ˵ʵ
ˣŰɣõĵʱ򡣡Ҷ诶ش
֮Խʱ䣬Ҷ诶˴ʹһҲǽΪʲôҪ֮Ժ͡䲻ãȴǴȥΪ˰С㣬ȻǼ֧֡
ţִ֮󺣳߹һѹڸ˶壬
Ҷ诶ˣ֮Ժͷֱſ࣬˵ȼһҶ诶ûʲôȴ
ã֮ԿڵС㣬һ£бҪ㡣






011 

ʲô£Ҷ诶ͷ
ǡ֮˼οڣƬ̣Ҷ诶С㱻үߣǶ֪С㲢ǷˡֻǣүҹС㣬ӣƺǳߡ
ŶҶ诶ü΢򭣬ҹң
֮Եͷǡ
Ҷ诶̾һҺûлض塣
ڣѾûˡҶ诶飬֮ԵǸүҲȥ
ǡ֮ԴӦţȥҶ诶
֮ԣͣм仰ҪǡҶ诶Ŷˣڵ߳壬ζ̤˽Ȼûе⽣ӰǣȦʲôʱҲһУȻҲΪıϧգıƺҪ˵ǣһΣգҪģȷԼİȫʧȥʲôֻҪڣûʲôµġҵĻ𣿡
͵ɫЩţҲһС㣬ȵģʱҪ˻ȥҲһüͷ
Ҷ诶ЦԼУΪҪ˵㣿οҪкã
ץץͷ˼Цˡ
Ҷ诶ٿ֮ԣ֮ԣ˼ܣ¿ȫպ󶨻Ϊֻǣҵĵģ𣿡
ֻ⣬֮Ķթ̹֮֮˳û˸赲ܴһԭҪںһ仰İձҲû۸˶ΪǱкԣû˸ҺΪѡ
ûٳ˿ͷа͵Ϯ׽ŪһΣҹ·ʱ·һӣĪıȥԼˮ¾Ҫˡ
ЩҶס֮ԿڵǣҲСģһᱣԼҲᱣ͵ġ
ر㡣㣬뱣ˡ
仰ȴǲ˵ڵġ
˭㱣͸ұ㻹ࡣңһҪСأ
Ҷ诶ֻЦ֮ȴ̾硣ʱĽ͵ֱˬӡҲǰ̸ЦȻȴΪԽΪ֮ǰͿֵҪͣ
С㣬ҸĪıڵģ˷ܵҾ˵ʲôҲһˡ
ҲġҶ诶Ц
һʱ֮䣬ڵĲʧȡ֮һɵů
һˮǣз˵ζƮǶˡԭʱˡ
ǫٶȼӿһЩʱ˼õſڡ
Ҷ诶Ƚţһ۱㿴֮ϸĺš
ôҪ˯𣿡Ҷ诶߼ӹӣЦСӡ¼ǣ𣿡
֮ء˵ֻԼԣС§סҶ诶Ĳӣļϡ
֮Ժͼⷬ龰һ
֮أҶ诶ʵ
˵̧ȥˣֻһøߴʣʱһĿ࣬ຩ
㣬λ𣿡ʵ
ǡҶ诶ת֮ԺͣôˣҸǽܡ
˵ĿŴǺӵƿһ㶡ղŽС㣬ôСĵܵ𣿳úΣ
ܹòһǫҲͻ˼á
磬㻹ûСһ֮¶˳վǰļˣʱס
֮֮ȷӦǰһѱס֮§ڻ
磬𣿡֮ϲ㣿Ҳΰɣ
ǣǸ磡֮ƿϵᣬȥãּˡ
磬̫ˣ̫ˣֿ֮Ц
֮һԿڡ
ӣ֮ɿ֣߹һץס͵ֱۣҲˣҶΪʲôû
ãҶá͵ͷСûԣû
ǽȥӵǣ֮תͷҶ诶
Ҷ诶ͷ
лл㡣֮
㣬֪ˣ͸֮ɣһԽӹȥ
Ҷ诶ֵͷ
̫ˣ̫ˣҺÿģ֮ߵҶ诶ǰ㣬лл㣡ĺøˣ
֮ҴӦģ֮ڣž۵ġҶ诶Цο˵ллӦңЩ죬չǴҡ
˵ʲô֮΢΢üǶһˣαлأ
ãôҲҪллȥˡҶ诶˵֮Ѿ÷ˣҲˣȥ԰ɣ
ԣԣôˡ֮֮ߣ֣磬ܾöûгĲˣߡ
֮Ա֮Ž˺ԺҲ˽
ܸˣԼáǣҲкܶɻ󡣱˵Ǹ˭
Ҷ诶ĺӣôʱǸйӦòĵܵܰɣ
̫Ժǰһ˷֮ܵ˿˿ů






012 ξ

û뵽㾹Ȼҡ쿴վԼǰһװҶ诶á
ԣϣԶ̤ĴšҶ诶鵭Į
ȻԡվߵߣֻҪƾԼʵʮôɵˡ
Ҷ诶˵֣һסʱǹµϤζƮ˹ζһֱԼǶƯòϣζЩİȴܺšĪģİƺζ仹ֻҪͷϸҿԿǲū澣Σ
⣬лˡҶ诶֣վһԣ˲أ֮Э޷ˡ
ӣҲϷŰ֮ɫôʲô£
һ⡣һ˵ţֱߵһ¡
Ŷ£˵
˵ȥ˱ũ
ⲻܣԣ֪Ϊ档
ôĿʲôҶ诶ʡ
ЦˣߵҶ诶ԣ诶ѲΪ׬ʮ򣿡
شҵ⡣Ҷ诶ŭ
ãҵҪ㵽кα£ֱ£ȻѾ֪ҵȥ˱磬ô㻹֪Щʲô
¹ḻΨεĲߣȫεĵطʮⱱƲȫȴǽͨǮġҶ诶ȴ֪үˣȥʲô
أѾ֪˰ɣ˵ⷬҲ֣Щ£ֻҪ´֪
ԸꡣҶ诶ıȻûб仯
ãҲʵ㡣Щ̰Ŀգڵ±硣
ȴΪûгɹ֪ͼҶ诶û⡣
򶨣̾һЩũʵڲöԸ
ΪΣҶ诶ʡ
ǵ˵汲ĲҵĻЩΡ
⵹ˡҶ诶Цүбǳ𣿺οΪ̲к졣С£סү𣿡
Ǻǣ֮󣬻ûʲôѵҵġ˵һҲżЩũεļɡԣҲǿ
ֲμһֱӸ߲¡Ҷ诶Ȼ״ôʲô㣿
ȻΰЩʷҵ鲼£ȴΨûҵⲻܲ˵һź
˶ѣҶ诶ɻ
˶ѡ
һ飬֪ܴܲӦҶ诶Ҳؿ
һЦ
ҲΣҲ±磬֪үܷһҲЦֻЦÿ롣
ŶһգҺûɣ
ãҸɡҶ诶վǰ˼ڵ㳤ʱũԣΣμ۾Ӹ߲£Թصøңҳܰƽ磬Ҳָܻμۣͬʱڰһ⣬һڶҪҵ׬ǮֻΪֲһźôҴӦ㣬׬󣬿ԷָɡҲҵ֮ˡ
˵Щתź죬ʵΣ
һҴδиǸҲҪһĨЦڶ޹»ͶӣҲȤ
㣡Ҷ诶û뵽̬ȣһϷģЩ뵽ԼеĿģһٿһ¡
е𣿡Ц
侲һۣߵ£Ҫİ⣬ҵĵɡ
Цݣգ͸
죬ûˣҶ诶վ̧ߡ
һס֣ס
үүҧúء
վ΢һ㵽Ļ§סͷ㣬𶯡
Ȼֱ̧ͬʱȽҲûš̫ˣӦøһѵģ
ֻһ˲䣬оһ飬徹ȫܶ
ɣ
𶯵ġٴλЦοûһŮ˴ǵһҲһôΪ㻹еڶܴĻ𣿡
˲ңҲˡҶ诶˵
Ŷ콣üһҵﷸˣ
˲Ҷ诶Բ˵޺ޱ۾
ֻǼҪߣ鼱֮סֻǣѱٴ֮⡣۾һֻ§һֻϣָỬĶüֱۣĴ
ϸ⻬͸죬ָʣҲ̲סͷ£
оԵϢԽԽ͵˫һűŴĿճԼǰ
诶һŵ飬ɣ
˵⻰Ѿѹ
Ҷ诶Цһ£һɵѾ˳
һס򢣬ŭң
ʲôҵģץס򢣬
ΪʲôŭԽԽѵү䲻𣿵ĻǵҪôڱᣬΪλҪѰ
˵ֻǺ޺޿
ֻ֣һҧࡣ
Ҷ诶ޣңŲһɱ㣬Լ֣֪ԼΪȷ֪ղԼһ˲ôͻԶ뿪Լֻôһ˲Īĸо˺£һ̣ƺֹͣˡ־壬ŭⲻʧҡ
ԣŮˣˣʮûи֮ǰ㣬ȨûУ𣡡
Ҷ诶ǿ°ʹʹмЦ
޲ãҧǿҪ㣡
Ŀԣһŭ죬һ߸߰м
ڣָһһֻѾ뿪䣬ȴ򢡣
˦֣ԥתߡ
ıӰڵ磬ˡ
ʱסȴֻһ˲ţͷҲصļǰߡ
ɵһĲ١
ֻǣ仰
˫ֵں˼ƽļµĸо
ΣڵΪһŮ񣡡






013 Եɺ

ºһϢʼں¹ĴСĴٹˣƽգ²洦ɼؤ޲Խֵ
ǰһֱӸ߲µμͻȻ䣬ң֮һֱȶ˵һֱũҪؼ׵߸һȫµηӱңܣڣ¹˶֪ΡȻǰǱҪεԭϺ͹ߡ
ϢҪġֵǣ˵ȫµηᳫһòɵŮӡҲ˵ͲǷŮӣ˵ӡ
ԽԽ˳ɻο˵֮ڡֱŮӿУ˼ޡ
С㣬ˡͳҶ诶˵
Ŷ롣Ҷ诶˵꣬»֮Ҫ̸һЩ飬ȥ;ɡ
ǿεС˵ҲҶ诶һۣ쿪˫ҡųǰˡ
С㡣ʱһλɫڵ꺺ӣҶ诶˫ֱȭ
ԴˡҶ诶æֵ
񺩺һЦҶ诶ֱ¡
ԴΪ£Ҷ诶һŵǰϡ
ԴС㴫ɹһ̭±ΣֻʡȼϺ˹ҲΪǼ̫ĸ˵һм֮ɫңҪǣСҪַȴĴǣ˸мǸм
Դ磬ЩѾ˵˺ܶˣ˵ҲաҶ诶΢ЦοѾ֮ϤۡˣΪӯԣмĻͲ˵ˡ
ⲻһġæũ汲ΪֻΪܳԱůһһĴũ֮䣬һ˵ڵĹأǾǲ˽μۡܶԴ׬ǮҲкܶвǣǴûɹڡʲεܣҲκβǡС֪ӱݵַȫֱԽԼȥĲȡǣûⷽǣǡ
ʲôҲҪ˵ˣҶ诶Σۣ˵Ǻ˫ӮԣضĴмϾҲΪ׬Ǯ
ǡͷ˵ǵ黹С⡣֪µηȴ̭ǣΣũûк֮ǣͳһ㣬СҲƵŮкܡ
Ҷ诶û뵽ĺӾ˵£ЦԴ磬𣿡
ǰգͬĹһ£ũ׼ССĹһһú˾֪СΣ˵⡣
Ҷ诶ԣЩЦáʵ鵽ĵزǻԵɺϡιգ˵û˵ֻǼǻӺļΣּеͷȣ˵һ䡰ΪβɹٴʱũٲȻѾˣҲû׾ٵ̸ͬһЩסȴ֪⺣¹ϵģҶ诶±֮ͣͬǩЭ顣
ǣһµʱ䣬Ҷ诶¹С
һУ֮ΪԵɺϣνأ
ֱգҶ诶ЩţҵоȻԼƿ֮С֪εҪԣ˵Σ͵ڿҡ
ȻǸܡ
Ȼʱﻹû֪ôǲ˵ġ
ءҶ诶Դ磬£Ҫᡣ
⡭ԥȻҶ诶ӴǺܶ࣬Ҳ֪ԳСԣԥƬ̣ͷǣСԸ
ʱˣ緹ٻȥɡҶ诶վ˵ˮһпľ¥ǲȥƷһ¡
лС⡣ҲæҾ͹ˡ
ũԴӺҶ诶ǩЭ֮ÿնᵽΡţҲ˵˵ġ
һ㣬¥沢⣬¥һװΣһڵ׺ƣ֡¥µ꣬Ų࣬ǰȴȷ
㰡֮ȿڣ㣬ǿЩȥɣˣҪûеطˡ
Ҷ诶Цǰ棬ǣ֮ӣһȥ˲˵עĿ
ˣλһλ΢ЦСҶ诶ǰʵ
ż𣿡Ҷ诶ʵ
Уλ룡Сɨһۣ¥ϺӣλҪż䣬кţ
꣬һλ¥롣
ż䣬沼ùȻ¡һһҶ诶ǽӵĻƷԸϲ˰ɣ
һ㶣ȴܿ췴ӦҶ诶һˣûеء
Һͼ˶ǳ¥ɫˣ߳ʦ˵ˣһӣζûʲôƫֲ˰ɣҶ诶Ц˵
⡭еĵ˵ˣеĲ˵㶼Ѿд棬磬ϲʲô͵ʲôɡóԼ²Ŀζ
Ҳʶ֡Ҷ诶˵
һ㶣ȴû˵
ҿ˵ţֱǲ˵
ôô鷳Ҷ诶üͷõ첻ˣǺãϰ
һһ㶡֪Ҷ诶ƢҲʶƢǣȴûмԵ޹ʵĵˡ
ǣǣӺĲ˵ͷȻִˣȥԸӺˣȺȲ裬ԵƬ̡
Ҷ诶ӻ֣˱˳ȥ
㣬ǸﲻԼ˰֮ȿʵʵǣҶ诶ı֣֡






014 ѡһ

ÿε¥ԷԼˣ㲻ú𣿡Ҷ诶Ц˵
⡭֪֮شЩǿһ£漴ЦȷʵڵǺڴ֪ǳʦЩʲôء
ǰܺ氡Ҷ诶
˱㶼·ϣһߺȲ죬һߵŷ
㣬Ŵִæʲôأʵ񶼲ôǡ
ŶЩǰæȥˡҶ诶
˵ôôæأ֮Ц˵꿴Ҷ诶ֵ̱֮
С֮쿪ֱֺۣЦ˹ȥ
СүǿΡһԿ֮󣬶һΪ
ˡҶ诶˵ܴʲôҪģǿԼŬ
ٺٵЦţ۾ȴһֱû뿪֮ʵûмôÿµĺӡ
С㣬ǲҲӦøҵͻƺЩĳɷ֣ڼֽŶˡ
Ժϴ·ˣ֮ȴ
ȴֻǺǺǵɵЦţش
ôԸⰡ֮˵ʵ
Ը⣬Ը⣡æͷʲôҶԸ⣡
⻹֮࣡ﰺͷ˵Цˡ
֮ЦˡҶ诶˵ֶ˵Ҫģܿæˡ
֮ͷ˵ͷȥŪı
ȴһϲվҶ诶һȭлС㡣
Ҷ诶ڰ֣ʲôлġ˵Ƕһˣôأ
˵䣬
ϲ˵ٶȺܿ죬ûжãϾͰһӵĻƣһµ˵ˣ˶ˣ𣿡
̷ְŵ֮ǰΪСүĵģң壬ִˬڡ
Ҷ诶ǰķˣлأƴȳɫζ˱ǣӼԼһˣƷһʵʲô
ˣˬܲԺܲΪϣԷΪƳɣһθˡԽˬڣһ˿˻ζӽܵ
Ҷ诶ͷЦллǸʦҲлл㡣ûˣȥˡ
ȥĴš
Ҷˣ԰ɡҶ诶к˵ֿ񣬡Դ磬ҵ»£ͲȾˣ֡
ڰ֣С㣬СͬԷҡĸҪ󣿡
Ҷ诶ЦЦҲͿʼרƷˡ
ȻֻҪ֮Ȼٲ֡˵˵ЦЦ߳Ա߶ķۣ仹ЩнҲĲˡ
ܿ죬˳Ա㣬͸˻Ҷ诶رС㣬һǮӡ
Ҷ诶ͷ˻˼á
ȴǫѵȺҽſڣǻֻǳ΢΢ͷ
Ҷ诶񣬲ŰѹǫԺʵʲô£
԰ǵؤƺѾƣ֪֯˴ֶЩؤֵԵĵνֵǱҪȥġǫ˵
šҶ诶⣬ֻǵͷʾ˵ȥ
ҴµĻָʹ԰ǳһ죬һֱ£֯һѾ԰¡һҶĳһЩ֣һָĳİȫһЩҪԸؤǫ˵
ôôҶ诶ʵ
ǿѶͷߡʹǿҲС
Ҷ诶ͷ֪Щؤο
ȻŭԡͼǮǻ֪صġҲĵĿţΪˣ԰ǵؤһ£ǾǣֳֻԲǫ˵Ż۾ȴû뿪Ҷ诶
ҲǸ취Ҷ诶Цţ̧ͷ⿴ԼĿ⣬Ц⣬˿˽¾Ǻϵģʹûһ쵼õˣҲ֮ϵİ취ɣһˣҵˣֱӰҵ˼˵ţܾ
˵꣬ɫĿŹǫҵ˼𣿡
ǡȻʧ
㲻ôӦҡˣ
ߣԸ㿪·ȷ档ܼ
ȷڽϣûΣգ̾һʵ
עϵĵǲ飬ȴΪΣԼؽκ˿
Ϣһ߰ɡشվһطˡ
诶
ʲô£ͣ½Ų
ںʲô룬ڿʵ
ʲô˼ͷҲ˵ʲô
֪ġֱȶ̤Ȧ⣬ֻһ˵Ƕѡݵеˣ´ࡣΪΣҪ£֮ԣʲôĿģΪʲô
ûлرܣӭĿ⣬ЦûʲôĿģֻǵ⣬˶ѡһһḻɵйǵջˡ
ҡҡͷʵɡ
ˣεı۾ܿãʵ㣬ʵһĽ̰ٻӵ¼һöˡҪʵ룬ҪӵкܶܶǮֻҪǮʲô˵𣿡
㻹ǲԸ˵ÿһˮѵ˲ֵ𣿡
һ㶣ܿĿ⣬Ҫô£ңһı֮꣬ĹϵҲֻѻ߻顣Ҫô뿪֮ްϵ
˵Щѡһ
峺ҵʲôܿ죬ʧܵ̾һƿĿ⣬诶ΪҰΪ˵õʲô𣿡
Ϊʲôأ㸶ˣȻҪõرӦõġԼʽһЩοһܳɫİ֣ҵȻḶӦıꡣ
ĻɫһճȭģҲҪκĶο˵һһֱȵġ
Ҷ诶Цһ£αִأΪһ˷Ѹ飬ǲֵá
οȶã
˵飬޵ģ
һ£һꣿꣿ
£ԼҲö֪ɡ
Ϊ˵лɻߣ㲻ң
ǫƵĻ⣬Ժ̸
Լ³ﾹĪһůֵ飬Щɻ󣬿ڵңΪʲô
ҪҸղ˵ѡ񡣡ЦЦָֻƽԺΪİ·ôΪֹɡҲ˵ʲôҲʡ
áͻȻˬĴӦ
ϢɣˡҶ诶Щ⣬ȴҲûж룬仰תߡ
诶诶Īҡ̾
Ȼ˵ôȻа취֪Ĺȥܿ϶һһͱ˲һĹȥ
֪ĹȥܴĽᡣ
ĴߣһĨ޵Ц⣬次
մıѹˣϲ޺ãҲ֪ΪΣѹȣĪжϣԣЩˣΡ






015 һΪ

Ҷ诶أһϵſ
֮Էе˲ᣬ̧ͷ㿴ſڣЩ⣬ȴҵæ̨߳ʩμүүҼС㲢ڵС
ʵ
Ͳ֪ˡֱ֮ͷС˵»ǣҪܻ
üͷһ壬⼸ΪԵʺĽӴ٣Ѿü첻ˡƣټж֮ࡣ
үСӦҲˣҪ𣿡Σ֮Լ첻˵ֻÿʵ
쿴ɫѾʱֵ磬̧Ƚõ߹£˵á
ˣ֮Ҳ˵ʲôȴҲȥֱߵ̨棬˱
ΣͻȻʵ
үȥ֮Ц
诶Ƕ֮ˣһֱ鲻Ҷ诶ĵϸ£պһʡУǺʲôϵ
⡭֮Գ˼Ƭ̣شС㱾Ƕ֮ˣˣҲ֪ǵĹϵܼ򵥣𾴰С㣬˶ѡ
˶𣿡Ŀ䣬һĨζЦôأ
²ү˼֮Բ
Ҵ뿪ʱƴڣʱֳ꣬ߣ׬Ǯο֮Ҳǲһ˵һᣬмμҶ诶֮ͬԽ֮ԼҪȵö࣬ûһЩ뷨𣿡
ү֮Էе˲ᣬү˵ֻỵСҶС㣬һֱмӣδзǷ֮롣С㣬Ǳ࣬԰ĺŮӡңС֮֮Բ⣬ÿ˶˵ġүţȥѯʣȥ飬򲻿˵Ļ
ߣЦһø֮ԣ˺ͱ
үˡ֮Աȭͷүô˵֮Զԣȴ˵С㡣
ڣзǷ֮𣿡Ц
ǣ̧֮ͷֱź죬ҳҶСаĽ֮ģǾǷǷ֮롣һֱŮһģԣҾ˶һ˿¡
ãҲˬ֮ˡЦ⣬ֻоֶ˼֡һү˲ݵĺһԼǻ᲻ǣǰͨƽգԺϦദңԼ֪Ҫ˶ٱȴ֪ò㻹ϲʲô
ò֮Щ⣬ȴʵش𣬡֮ޱ֮ԿСò֮ˣȴҪġүȻˣ֮Ҳʵشˡ֮ϲģڲͬʡĽߣһһУص
ˣͻȻ̾Ҷ诶ͻȻһԼĶĸоĲվ
仰ߡߵſڣ㱻һ׳ʵӵסȥ·
֮ԣϽ˵ţȥС㡣ôûлһֻŲ̤ţѾ˵ȥ˰𣬴죬ʱɲûкײϣæμү
ղ˵ʲôΣ֪ҲҶ诶߰µġ
⣬͵ͷûʲôֻ֮һȥСؼҡ
֪ȥʵ
֪䲻Ҷ诶ĹϵȴҲ֪˺ʵش𣬡Сȥڳǡ
ǣüͷֻͷһ֮ԣͻȻ˵·ȥ
Ŷһ㶣֮һۣȴҷֻõͷǡ
֮εЦӴҶ诶ĸ飬ЩˡȻҲ֪켱ȥҶ诶ǲԼС̫ĽӴ
ҡҡͷ֪ˣαںǰԼĸ飿ǣеһΪ죬ָожһһɡ
ͷȥô࣬е˲ᡣ
ȴ˵Ƕ˳ݣͷʵүҪȥ
ϻһǱת˸񱼶ȥ
ǡգգ޹û
˵ǣڵ
üӺԣʵĸں档
һ·Ա⸮ϣ첢ֻǷԸǣһƥ͡
ɻʡ
Сͷᣬֻǣ̫ܲ졣
ҲųŶȥ
˳ţٽӿ죬ȴͺƥһľ롣
ں࣬ȴҲףٶȣѾչˡ
ǰĺ죬ʱﻹ֮ԵĻ˵ڲͬ˵࣬˵߹°ǣΪܵԼΪһƷ˵ıôļơ
ѵһƽϰǰҲҪαװûͼαҪװߣ
ǣôһе׸νͣ
콣üţȴͷ̧ͷȥǰһƬ֡
Ƭ֣ȥǵıؾ֮·
ͻȻһֲõԤУͷź溰ϣ
һµı˻ǰȥԽԽ
ͻȻһдǰֱֱĴĶĤһ㶣ݺݼһǣﺰšݡſ㣬һֳȥ






016 

㣬벻ǵ׸Աй֮޲һҶ诶˵
Ҷ诶ͷҲ벻ݵȻĶ
ΣȻһ㣬ǽ϶Ҫ׬һˡʮˣֻɢҪ˼ʮƿЦ㣬Ҫˣ
Ҷ诶ҲЦЦ˵Ҳѧ컬ˡ
ٺ٣˼ʵԿĲˣرǵ˿Ǻóԡ
Ҷ诶ͷãʹȥԡ
ˡǼŵе㣬ּ΢Ц˵޶ˣһʱ
Ҷ诶ˣֻתȥ·Եķ羰̫ƣԺ͹ȴ룬ùˡ
þûлȥʦ˰ɣ濪
ǣҲ֪ʧæרļݳϸȥģ⼸æ꣬Ҿȥ˼ҡ
˵Ƭ磬ⱻֵȴйɭĸо
ЩҶ诶ͻȻֲõԤУæߴٹ
ǡҲ쵽յæеĳޣ뾡߳֡
ԣ·ҿҪӴ˹·ƣ
һʮ쳹ֵǶҶ诶üһ壬æеĳޣֻǰѾվʮˡ
Ҷ诶һЩ˴ҡڵվ·м䣬סǵȥ··ï֣ܵ޴ӡ
ϴ󣬻һŮġһ԰һЩ˵
Լ۾ġվмıΪϴļѵ˵ңǸŮˡ
ŴԣҶ诶ԴվӸµգҲĴ󵨿ͽ
ϣǸСӣϴǰһֵϲЩӻȥ
Ҷ诶޾ɫְ̧ɢŵĳİԺ˫ȭҪ㣬û£
㣡ҲվһȥҶ诶ĸ첲ҡҡͷҪ
ֳЩ˵ǲҪǮ𣿿ԣʣǷҽȥǮô
ҪǮ˹һְۣĿŵҶ诶ϣЦǣӸϲ椣磬ȥǮΣ
ȥҶ诶˵Ŀǰûб·ߣֻӲӲԸûʲô汾£ֻҪԼܳһᣬͲŴģûи·
ȴֻǿҶ诶ľҲ㣬ֻҪлᣬ͸ϽߣҪң
Ҷ诶һۣҲ˵ȭ˴˹ȥ
һˣ˹ȥЦû뵽Ǹӣֵǣ£
˵һ֣Щһϡϴ˺󼸲˿ûнҶ诶һԺ飬ĸ࣡
ЩһЦ⹦Ҷ诶̧һ˵壬Ӧ
ŽΧסҶ诶ңһһʽаۣʱֵ¼
Ա˽վס˫ۣɴ۾Ҷ诶ʽ
һƯȣһ˵Ҷ诶ǰվʳָ˹˹
˿ɵۣ˿¶λ̧֣ͷ˿Ҷ诶ͻȻһţ̵ģǸɫһͲаˣ
˵⻰ӭҶ诶˹ȥ
ƣҶ诶֪ȭҲè
УȴͻȻվ۾Ҷ诶Ҫˣ
Ҷ诶üͷһ壬ѵе㣬ߣҪң
ͷһȴѱһס˲ӣǰȻһذס
ſ
׽ס˿һ¾Ȼźվȡ
ӣץˣҷſɱȫңϴһŵ
㣬ߣǲôġԥţæ
Ҷ诶ҡҡͷ⹦ϴС
һ㶣ȴҲܿ췴ӦæĶһУһתѵҶ诶󣬷һܵվŶҶ诶еס֣
˵⻰еذףŹȥ
ҪҶ诶ܹȥȴְذ׵˹ľ䣬æֹס˽Ų
ʹýгѪ֮˳ĴڸҧҶ诶㣬㣬ߣ
Ҷ诶ˣֻо۾һᣬȦ
ǣô֣ϴҧгݵ㣬ҹ
Ҷ诶ĿӹƿͻȻݺݶˣſȥ
˳ʹ˸ɫӱսսҶ诶ߣûзӦæҵķҶ诶˫֡
㣬㣬㣬ҪʹҶ诶˰˫ֻ֣оһʹ
˼Ҷ诶󣬺ܷĵɿذ׳Ҷ诶߹
Ҷ诶ǰվذỬҶ诶գŮˣõ治ǣôֵܣ׵ķ㣿
ߣȥǰѾǰذףŹ
ϴķߣӿ̧Ҫߵӣæʾ
͹ˣҪһкãϴֳһбۣȥʲôֵǮûУ
˵⻰ѾߵͻȻҶ诶ʹ˸ɫϵһľȻǿͷӵԴϴȥ
һʹӦء
ʹ첽ߵҶ诶󣬿ʼΪɰ
Ӵæ֮䲢ûϸȥҶ诶ϵӾ׵ı⿪
˫ֵõţҶ诶æתȥ鿴ƣʵ˵Σ
һ˿Ц⣬㣬ްߣ
Ҷ诶ͷҪȥĸ첲۽ȴһذ룬ѹһƣȻֻꡱһԼǰѶһʹ̲סг󣬻ء
ȴڵصһ˲һŵĿԼ˫֣ľ֡
㣡˹ȥһ§סҶ诶ǰذףе㣬㣬ѣ
诶
ţһ־ŭڱ𣬽һ˫ƿԼʹһϮҲ̲סȥ






017 ȷϵİ

诶쿴ŻŮˣǰذףĪģһֻֿſʼӡһѱ󲽳ǰȥ
诶㲻ͷͣŭ죬ȥѹȳ
˵꣬һֵͲ񱼶ȥ
ڵ˺ˣ֪ʲô
Ѫǰһҫ۵Ļ̵ЩͷĿѣæоΪѨֹѪ˫Ƚǣһ·񱼵Ÿ
пʵ£κ·ңԶİ±Ѫ͸ԼǰҲմѪǵĴŸ
ȥõĴ򣡡һֵĶ˺ȥƾϡļԼϢԷҶ诶ŵϣԶ£ϸ鿴ơ
ذ״ûţľ飬˾ԴҪԲѡ
ģϴԼʱһʹʹø
ʲôƣʲôĻʲôαװͳͳһȥ˿̣ʲôƽϣֻǰŮ˸Ͽѹ
诶ΪעԼ˵ûȨҲŲ׷㵽ܵظ
ԼŭǡΪ֣ԼȻܺúõ˼ԼĻһƬ԰ףʹúЩΪ
Īģʼ¡Լʹһ£ֻǣԼʱŮ֮ĸ飿
һΪھζеʹôһأݺݵ˺Լ֮Լ֮ΪΣȻΪʹΪֻţ
ֻǣʵ˶˼
һʮ߿첽߹æʩ񡣺Ա⣬Ҳʩүˮһ򡣡
һɨȥĺŵ⡱һ¡
ŸʲôһѰץʲô⣬Ӧ֪ʲô
ͷֻǣҶ诶ؿڵˣһֳʩүҪȰذװγźá
¶ɢʵ
ҡҡͷʲôɢû
ֹѪüͷһ壬ȴǵķԸ
æҩóһƿСĵĶԺүֹѪɢ˿Χ
ȳȥȥӿʵ£˵ŽӹǸƿ˫üһҶ诶ǰѴƿ£ȥ˺Ҷ诶·
ȻСģᣬϵĶȴȻû˵Ҷ诶һг
诶ŵ㣬ܿ죬ˡæס֣
Ҷ诶ְСĵȥ·ܿ죬ﱻ£ɵļ˿̱ѪȾúһƬǰûŵذ״˿̾Եôͻأʹۡ
ֹѪɢСĵذΧһᣬȻѪļ١ģ΢һЩָҶ诶䣬üͷȴ
Ȼ˵΢
ʵ£۾޺޵ĽǸҽ֡ʹĸоȴδֹͣ
诶֣Ŀǳ磬ֻǣ˻Ӧ
ʱһһţҶ诶ϧֻͷһſڣŭȴҲֺ
ڣſһϤĽŲ
ɱȥһѾסǸӵ죬ֱӰϵҶ诶ԣʵ£ʲô⣬Ҫᣡ
żżʵһҲס˵Ŀͷһ۳Ͽȥֻһۣ

ϻɿΪǿЦ㣬˺öѪ
ʵҲٶʣϸ鿴Ҷ诶ơܿ죬ͷް£ҵķԸ
ͷæվ˴ͷ
ʵµͷȥҩҩ˵ץס
Ĵ漴ذ׵İ棬ֻһ˲ﾹȻ߳˺
ʵóһµĴƿƿԸΣ
ٶȾԿ磬ֻǣذװγ֮ҽľٶȴ˴һ˵ǳʱ죬ذױγһ˲һƿķĩѾ˿֮ϡԭӿѪҲ˲ǰ
áʵ͵Ŀ˺һ̵ۣƿֵҪһ£ǡ
ŷеذףֱӴҩóõȥɣ
񾡹أʵεҡҡͷЦүˣⷭҲ̫˰ɣ
ñߵͷлɣѽһЩסҶ诶׵ǰأ
ҲҡʵЦ⣬ֻǣŮֺүһˣ
ͻȻͷݺݵһۣʵֵˣûʡһǳȥҩɣգһ˼ˣãͻѵġ
˵꣬յıҩ䣬ŷ˳ȥﻹ߶ţɰ˼ۻˣ¶ɢ
ȥϷţŰѽƿһѱõëϸϸϵѪ
诶һҪû£֪𣿡֪޴󰭣ǣûıһֱڰա
ϸΪ˿ڣϱӣִ֣š
诶һʲôŮˣҺҪˡ
թ̰鶼νˣֻҪ㣡
Ҫˡ뵱һƷˣҲð졣ֻǣҾ뿪ҡֱ˿̣Ҳף㣬ǱҪŮˡЩ˺ˣԻܵ벻ĳͷ
ֻҪˣֻҪ뿪ңֻҪЩ
ȴ԰׵Сӵ뻳УԶſҲһ̣ףǴǰѾŲŮˡ
ƭԼԼȴΪûɱ
⣬ԲԼ·
ΨһĽͣǣá
ǰѾ᲻ôٶ˵ǵԵִδϡ
ֻǣԭʲô
һֱԡӱܡֻǣٴμľϲ̸еĻ䣬УĿ˵һ˲ʾһ¡
һӲȴòϵʵ

߹°УּթαﲻһŮˡ
ԣһδδӵ³ǸϵˮǣֻΪһ棻ԣʨӴ󿪿ڵĺҪʮֻΪػصߣԣڿ˻ԲѵʱģŻƲסʹʹʹ
İ
诶ЩҪ㣬һСǲйͳ磬㵱һƷˣҪһһУҶ㡣ֻҪصҵߡ
ϸȴʼղκηӦ





018 

诶
һеĺմĶڣһӰѾ󡣺쾯ֱ۵Ҷ诶ǰͷһǸߵĹǫ
诶ǫĲֱۣ漴ӿҶ诶ü诶ˡ
ĿĶԼҲͰˣԼŮ
Զ㣡õĿڣ̧Ҷ诶ԣҲ˳Ƶס˹ǫĿ⡣ҲǰʲôϵҵŮˣ
ǫվһۣмŮˣʲôʸ˵⻰ϳʱѾ޹ϵˣ𣿡
쿡üһ֪֪ǱŮˣô㵨ӻ֪ǱŮˣ
˵Ůˣǫãǲǣ룬˵ɣ
һȲʤȯģüͷһ壬ǣʲôϵ
ǫһҶ诶ȻɫЩ԰ףȴƽȵģĵΪʲôϵ
ڱǰ˷ģ㻹ǵһˣ֮˰֪֮ĹϵΣ诶ңѣ˶ѡѵ𣿡
ǫɫһ䣬ȴָܿЦҵѣȴû롣
˵ȴЦһȰ㣬˼˵ҵŮˡ뱾ˣûгֹ
£ҪүʧˡǫҲʾο诶ǿȥĶһˣԼѡȨ
ȷѡȨ쿴һۣû뵽诶ͦġǣֻѡңҲһѡ
ǫһ˵֪Լ䲻ǰνүҪΪ诶롣ο֪һ诶ľǺѸĵġ
ŮˡǣѾ뿪
鵽Ϣʱ˼׼ɻǳһԭǺӡһӭȢްãȷǺŵӡ
ֻǣ֮䷢ʲôΪʲô뿪ǾͲö֪ˡ
Եһ㣬Ҷ诶ϣٺͺκιϸ𡣷ӱܡԼԼΨһҪȹʵңԼûмǴһε˵ķ
䲻˵ƣȴҲǼɫ֮ˣڽ֮ϣҲ֮ܳΪˡҶ诶ǫŲ˰˾ŷ֡
ΪҶ诶Ժ츶˸飬˭ϣϲɣް˼֮࣬Ҷ诶뿪Ҳ˶˵ѹʡ
أǺģԣˣŸ顣
ҲΪԼĸ顣
ֻǣкʲôԼ벻ġȴϣǹǫԴҲ뵽ྐྵԼĴྶͥ
ԣһΪҶ诶͸ģԸǾٽܺġԣŸںǰֱԡ
ֻǣΪֻм仹ʲô֪ģ仹ɻ󣬵˿̣׵һߣ۾ֱֱֻŴȻԵԼǵŮӡ
ʱҲ˼ǧ
֪ԼΪүһ֮£֮ϣһҶ诶ǰƺûʲôôټԼ̬ȲѿͲպԼޣ߸·
ԼİԵǿƣƺҲ𲻵ʲôáͼԼǰҧԾһܺõӡֻǣڵһ
ԼİʵʵŮˣβԹԵľͷأ
ѵԼаմ뿪
˵᲻ͬ⣬ֻǰߵҲöԸϢһһвѿһ֡
һԼҪǿĸ֡
Ȼǽ˸ǿˣĬĬܲ졣
ĻƺҲǿʲôõģҪģҪҶ诶
ĿǰҶ诶ĸӡ
ߣԼжʤ㣿
ʱ䣬ѰЩϵһ顣ǣԼĺܣж۶ٴۣԼ׼ǾԲġ
֮Ҷ诶ŮˣҪˡ
㡣
űܿ£ţһſŮŶ롣
ǫڣ˵ֹȥһò꺢ͯ
㡭
֮ͷ֮ѺӵݸǫǰҶ诶Եˣһʱ
Ҳȥãȴ֪ɺֻ˰ţ֮δ֮
ԣ֮һʱ֪Ǻá
Σʩ֮үүǧꡣ
첢ͷֻǵͷض񡣡
ү㣬˵С㣬ôˣ֮ﲻǰֻһ̽ͷСʵΪΣûѣ
컹ûпڣһ۵ͯ䣬䡭
͵ػͷ۵һޱȿĺֻͯǺôݰףüҶȴż֮һ˫һŨܵĽë֮£էһ۾ЩϤٿֱͦ˫ٲȻһ۵ССͯ
ʱǺֱۣźķһֱš䡱쾹վܹһĸо
֮˭ĺӣΣʵ
⣬֧֮ţȴʵڲѣֻûش𣬡үСĺӡ
诶ĺӣȻֲ⺢ӵ۾ϤԭҶ诶һޡܿ죬ʧɫ漴ʵʲôʱ˺ӣ
ǣǰ֮ʵش
ǰüͷһ壬ﺮһ⺢ӵգ
֮һæͷС⺢ӵһꡭʮ
˵ںͷȥһ˲̧ͷﺮ֮ɼˣʮ
֮ͷͣǣʮ
һ飬⺢ӵȷʵʮ𣿡Ｘ
һ
Σǰձգۣûи¡Խղظˣʵûʱ





019 ˭ĺ

诶ˣɹֹ˺ŭܿתסҶ诶裬˿ʹʹûﲻ
Ҷ诶۾ذ״ŵһ˲Ժ֣ؿڴʹüۣǸһүùеĿ⿴ԼһСˣʲôⲻûô
Сˣս֣֪˿һЩͻ췦ˣ֪пʵˣжΣա
δ˵꣬Ҷ诶õĿڣү˼Ҫ诶лүľ֮ˣ
һ㶣õı飬ܵҲǸ˼ֻǣҲϣˣϣ
˵ӦңԺҪúñԼΣԼˣ
Ҷ诶ֵĿһۣΪλᣬٿעԼƽʱһЩԵȴִЩİ档һˣϢˡУȻұôأްɣ
ģû¡֮æڣ˫۷ĿҶ诶㣬Σ𣿡
Ҷ诶Цҡͷ֮أ
ǫǰһ֮ĸߴҶ诶ǰ
䡣СһɵĽţҶ诶˫ۡ
ԡҶ诶¶һ΢Цˣùŵſɺã
仰ճڣĴһսʹҶ诶üͷһ壬诶⺢ӣô
ŪˡҶ诶üֳ΢ؿھ˺Ѱʹѣֻÿڡʵǣץ̫ʹ
üС˺ܶ࣬ȴң⵽ǲĺӣǣô˭⺢ӵĸף
Ҷ诶ֱ۾̾һ
ŬĲúֻ֮ǣֽվǰסġһ죬ǵˡ
ۣŬԼı鿴ƽޱȣ⺢ӣȷҵġںӵĸ˭Һ񣬲ظ㡣
ңʱĺ죬Щ⣬УӵǼ£
֮ȴŷؼңúչ˾Ҷ诶ȥȴ֮˵ֿ꣬ǫܲȥңЩҪү˵£һؼҡ
ǫϧûп˿ڣֻǿ԰׵ģѾʼԼİӹɵˡ
ͷ֮뿪˷䡣
֮䲻ģȴû˵ʲôҲһͷĳ˷š
֪ʲôҶ诶ĿŻصϣȻֻǣӲġ
ñ˵ĻĪŭǡòȷԼİǣͻȻðһ
ԼģֻǣҪһ⡣
ɻǵһбˣ
üһ塣ûǹνıҶ诶ز֮ʱڿŵ֣֡ԼһĶʼɡ˿̣ǰŮ˽֣ϵôԡڣЩɬȻǵá
ʵ֮ˡҶ诶۾˵뿪֮Ȳȥһˣ˺ӣǣȴ뿪ˡ
Ĵֲ֪ɿֻؿƺʲôסĺһʱЩ˳ʱϵתúһ˿Ļɡվ˼Ǻӣģ
Ҷ诶ͷ
˵뿪ˡʳ仰ͻȻɬɬģΪ뿪
ˡҶ诶ʼû۾
˼ǣѲʡ
Ҷ诶û˵ֻǣ۽µһһεᣬõĻش
һʱᣬȻʹĸоֻǣ
֪Լȴûᰮϱˡ
˱˵ĺӡ
Σ
ƽһΣȷԼһŮӵİԼ飬ΪЦʶȸԾԼı仯ԼģΪʹ
ǣڸԼģǱˡ
ô죿
һ﷭šֻΪűˣңͱˣ˺ӣ
һ뵽ղǸ۵ıͱĺӣ֣ʼɣȻģʧ
ǸԼǸжã
ȻԼԺܶɣǣԼ⡣
ֻǣǾԲԼĺӡӦ뿪֮еġ
һʱ֮䣬뷨ںԺһܾãȴȻվһ
Ҷ诶ۣǣϵìʹָӵ۵סȻҵˣҶİȴֺҲˣҲſ⣬ΣҪҵĺӴһǵ졣
Ļ˼ɹ˻ӡ
ңȻһ˿䣬úˡ
ллչһȴЦա
˵ءٿһۣȴױܵЦܣæת߳䡣
죬Բ𣡡ıӰЩۡΪǺӵĸװɣǣΪԼ˽ģˡ
ȷ֮ˣҲȷʵҵߡ૵ֻǣԶ֪ͬһŮӡ
诶ǫ






020 лһ

诶ǫ
Ҷ诶תȥԼϵۡ
ڻؼ𣿡ǫװʲôҲûпЩ£ʳڡţǸү£ᴦõġ
Ҷ诶ͷ漴ֻǣʹϮʱһǳҪ¡
ûд·
ؿҲ֪Լ˿Ѿˡ
ԼδŴơ
أǺΪˡΪƶ첻֮չԼοӱѹ˿
İԵᡣ
Ȼ֪ռԼˣǣ뵽ĴԼǰǻԼ屻޼ɵĴЩʵġ
ֻǣȴ֪ʱĺ죬ۺϧﻹ˵ôࡣ룬ԩˡ
ȥҸѾ
ǫ㶿ŭӺζҪ֪Լ˵δùֿ
ʲôҲʣת߳š
Ҷ诶̽Ŀ⣬ּһ߳ȥʱһաԼôˣ˽ղ֮ôαΪһС¶أõǣӦŭڱϡ⣬硣
űƿֻһСѾߡҶ诶鷳㣬Ҵ¡
ǣҶϰ塣СѾͷԼӵĿˣǿǵﲻġοǵһˮŮӣԼݵĶ
ȻСѾ߶ϸȴ۵Ҷ诶ƵƵü·ˣҶ诶󺹡
лҶ诶ǫн
ǫܿһֱſںš
ңЩ˵Ŀڴϡ
ؼڴʱ߹һԵëΪöϵĺȻĺһ㡣˺ã˵١
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ֱӺĵлΪ˵һллڻؼ𣿡
ͷַŴСĵ
һǣ˿ڣüȴûСĵĸǰ̧ű׼߳ȥ
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ҲʵĴĻߵĺȣ˿ڣûʹ
Ҷϰ壿ŲñԺӵˣԱ⡣
Ա⣬߶š诶ˣԻǰлҶ诶ڹǫĻȴ֡
Ҷϰ岻ؿԱȥ죬Ͼһ˱ڻﻹ̹ȻŮӣʵûмŮӣͬһ㣬𣿲Ůңү֮ǿͿġôȻɵȥǰŮӵࡣүǲ
үѷԸѱҶϰ壬úõǡ˸ƣԶǫ·
лԱ⡣Ҷ诶΢΢ͷǫѱ̤˹ȥ
ˣУտԣȫԣûиġһֻаµȸ˰ɣܰ






021 л

ſڣǫʲôҲû˵Ҷ诶ֱ˺Ժ
֮ﱧŷ֮ԡͶںԺվţ˽æΧ
Сˣϲأȿڡ
Ҫ˵ˣȽݰɡ֮һۡ
ֻ֮ǵǵĿһ仰Ҳû˵
أ֮ԡ
ҩѾ˯ˡ֮Իشû˵Ѿ˴ˣҪȥŸҶ诶ã֧ŲסŻ˯˹ȥ
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˵˿ڲѪ࣬ûµġһ˵ţ֮ѾһȥҶ诶ķšʵǣԸڹǫĻôá
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ǫĿɨ֮ԣȴòӣҶ诶ķȥ
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áǫشţһǳǳЦ⣬ֻǣߣ˿üǾЦա
ģһңúˡͷҶ诶˵ΪҴñǣתš
㣬ûУôã緹ûг԰ɣ֮չȥ˳ְѻķڴߣԹԷˣԷ䣬֪ȥҪŶ
˵֮꣬ʹɫ磬㿴ŷ
֮ûʲôθڣ嵭һЩͺˡҶ诶ס
ã֪ˡ֮漴תȴס͵䣬ҡ
ͻûзӦѱ֮ų˷š
֮ԵͷﰵУѽᣬҲûбҪֵô԰
룬ȴҲϲġӣ˫Χס֮ʲôҲ˵ֻǾҶ诶
Ҷ诶ӱһֻ֣ͷС죬һͿء
֮һҲͿڵ˵
˵žʧԣæֵС㣬ңҲǸ˼˵
֪Ҷ诶Ļˣǵˡ
ֹô򵥣˵Ϣƺֹͣˡ֮βſڣʵҡ
δ˵꣬
֮üͷһ壬֮ȥţȴվ⣬æôˣˡ
أţѾ˲ӣϵҶ诶漴վȴͷ֮Եִ磬ܲ㱧ŷȳȥһ£ңлҪͽ˵
֮һ㶣ȴεá
ôôԼǴô˴⣿Ȼ˾ӦöϢ㲻᲻֪ɣҶ诶Ц
㣬߹ŸʹӣסҶ诶̧֣ۿҶ诶㣬޸ң
Ҷ诶ʱסΣŹϵı飬̲סЦǺǣɵ֪˵ʲô𣿡
㣬ҵȻ֪ʵһֱңǸԺһһŮӡҼţһҵȻ󣬺úõҸĹһӡҸ˵һΪҸˡһԸڵԸΪ֦ɽغϣһᰮĺĺһ
˵⻰ÿһֱҶ诶۹峺˫ޱȵĳ顣
ôΪҵˣҶ诶ЦҲ
ǡصĵͷ㣬Ǹˣ㡣
Ҷ诶ȴҡҡͷΪҾ𣿡
֪;֮䣬лȻҶ诶֣ԣΪȢ㡣
ô㰮ңҶ诶ʡ
ͷţϲ⣬ϲĻϲĴϻۣϲĵ֮ϲУԸִ֣֮ϡ
Ҷ诶Цˡ
ԼֻһͨͥŮӣԼû͸ıʣ˵ģǰ˧ֱˬĴкһܺõż
Ҳ˵Ҳᶮϲ֮Ĳж󡣡Цų֣ԽģѾ֪ˡһõܵܣѾ֪ˡ
㣬ҲĵܵˡˣЩˣ˵ˣҪȢ㡣
ðҶ诶Ц
ģ˫ۣȻһסҶ诶֡
ɣҶ诶ţЦӯӯʮ֮㻹ԸȢҵĻҾͼ޸㡣
Ƣԣ˽ġ˵ǿҲã˵Ҳգֻ֮Ҫ׼飬һҪ˵ģЩ¡
ԣһھ˵һʮꡣ
ʮʱ䣬㹻ǵŮӰɣ
ʮꣿʱй˵ǣʮҲ̫˰ɣ
ָһӼѡҶ诶
룬صĵͷãʮʮ꣡






022 ƽæµ

ӣƽȴæµ
˵ƽΪԼľԺúù˼һļƻȻһһǫ֮ԡȻ˵ЩĲ죬ֱӺԲơ
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˼ǣԼļֺԭļŮüʡ
ǣЦҪģŮӡ
ŮӣҵҲжšֻǣյĽ֣һʡ
ҡͷֻҪǳ֣־Ͳһ
ɫһ䣬ɫȴ˸Ҳù죬Īǣҡ
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Ļû˵ڣ˼ȴˡ
ǫɫһû˵
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вԸ£ɡ̾һվǲϷ¡
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Σ˵һ仰ת뿪
⣬ճȭȻͦ
˺뿪ˮǡֻĴΡһΣһμ棬ࡣ
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ŬĿƣѹӵ뻳еϾ֮䣬һĵԼһԽĽߡ
ղŵĻЦѵΪ¼Ӷ˵̰Ůɫ𣿻ߣҲϣԼȥ̻֮
Լվռһϯ֮ء
⻰ǾԲԹ˵İɣ
˼⣬ﲻɵøһ㺮⡣̧˫֣ǰʱڻ龰Ŀ£ÿæµҹ˾ʱҲǽһůĻ˯뿪ÿҹÿҹΰߣ
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Ŵʱģ֮ԼҲһ졣
ǫɫѿתĳ嶯һԲ֮Բ
֮ԳЦЦҲ֣󲽹ȥҶ诶ķš
Ҷ诶Ӧ֮Ȳƿţų˼ĺձԼǰ
ȴ˿ΣͷС㣬һˡ
Ҷ诶Ҳ⣬ڣ֮ˡλ£
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ѵųµһĺ¹ֻһλɫʦ𣿡üʵ
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֪ˡͱȭת֮Ե֮ԣˡ
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С㲻˵ǿ𣿡֮ɻ
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Ϊ棬ֵǣ⼸ԼΪܻ뵽
Ҷ诶ҡҡͷĵҶ诶ҪǵãʹǷĸףҲ˿򣬲ֹ㣬һ¶Ҫ˰ڲܹԼҪԣΪǷĸףͶĴΡ֮ȻкܶãһΨһΨһǸã׶ĺ֮ǣԣӴˣˣ
οԼһƺųһЩվСĵţҪȥı֮






023 أһ

ڶ磬Ҷ诶áСױ̨ϱ˸бб黨裬ұ߶ֱǰӾ￴ȥ˶ʩ죬ȴοˡΪĸǵûԵòϣһֳ콿ķϡһϮɫɫСۣ̽Ѱ۲ͬȹڲ棬һֱ˫ذ׵Ьϡ
·ģǵһδ飬Ϊ£Ҳ泩
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Źǫ֮Զ뿪Ҷ诶ɵýһЦڵʱעشءȻǲͬġ̾һЦԼȻ˶ġ
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Сȥš
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Ҷ诶Ŀ춯Ūͷͣ£žԼѱ뻳æȥţﻹڹԼĴ⡣Ϊ֪Լű֮һֱûȥҹԼôԼûȤŸŸùǫȥ롭
ģ㾹Ȼ˵һץסݵ˫֣գ˵ţ쵰ΪʲôҪ
ţȻ§סַԺ󣬰ͷι̶ǰ
Ȼû졣ֻǣ§Ҷ诶
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үӣͽϵƤɫ֮ͽʲô𣿡ǱЦȴֹסѵðһ𣿡
һۣ౻ʹĽţȴһ֣
Ҷ诶վŲ






024 أ

ңΪлɣҲӼŽš
֪ܿ˼ǹģ
ǻ̧ͷһЦ
в𣿡Ҷ诶һߡ֪ˣԸǿء
ôı飬ͻȻҵԸղ
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վһʣ诶Ϊʲô
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㲻үֻһͨˣһŷ׽ԼΡǰǣ֪
ֻǣү
עĲ
ôֻӱܡ
ҡҡͷ
ǣ㡣ûƺϵҶ诶Ĵ𰸻ˣȴ֪Լòü㡣
Щܵĵͷܿ죬̧ۿҶ诶˵飬ңΪѡҾԼʹࡣΪʲôᰮϱˣΪʲô㰮˲ңǿаߣҪģҶԸ㣬㵱һƷˡǣҶʼҷһĶʼǸĺӣǸĺӣֻҪһ뵽ұʹ֣
˵ƺЩƲסԼϵĴֿʼҲʹɫ뿪֮ҷԼȻ㡣ˣЦ᲻ңǣһ¹ȥˣ¹ȥˣʲôûз룬㣬Ĳҡǣ֪ǫǿʱұ֪˼ԣҲǿءҲ֪㲻ôҲȥ㣬͵ʶ㡣ǣˡ
˵ЩʹϾ¶һ˿ã诶Ϊʲôˣô죿
Ҷ诶һʱ
ģһ
ûǰүƺǿռԼô򵥡̸ֹƺʾһ£һԼ붼û¡
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Ҷ诶һ㶣עӣֱӰƱŵϣתһ£˰ѵùɡ
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үԲӦ֪Ѿ֮ˣȻҵߣҵǲġͻȻԣү̧诶ܲ𡣡
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˵꣬ҲƵתҪߡ
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Ŀһֱ׷
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⣬ǫһץסܹҶ诶еʲôˣ۸ûô
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ǿأǫš
ҪˣҶ诶ӳ߹ȥﻹ˵ţʲôҲҪˣȻؼң
ǫһԻĿܿ죬׷ȥ






025 ޸

ϣǫҶ诶ȻڱĿ£ǣǰɵԼ˿ܲȶôͺ֮䣬ʲô£
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֪ˣǫüͷһ壬ĿǶ˼ϧ
Ҷ诶ҡҡͷ۾̾һЦǫңҪӱܣҿӿ𣿡
ǫ濴ת˲˼ŭ˵ʲô
ڲ粻ֹΡҶ诶Ŀ⣬ǲǱʾעӲ׷
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Ҷ诶δ˵꣬ҡҡͷ㲻ҪˣǷ
ǫ⻰һ࣬ǣڣ㣬޴ӡ
֪ǣ⻰ӹǫĿ˵Ҷ诶ʱй૵ôҸô죿
ǫˣ߬ȭֻɿƲסԼУȥһѰҶ诶ڻ诶޸ңʹֻΪӱǸˣ㣬޸ңҷģ㲻ԸôһӶᶯ㡣ֻ㵱ϧ۰诶ɺã
ĻòôҲû뵽˵һƿֻůĻҶ诶ҵͻȻһͣĸ壬ǣûжԼ˽ͻů
Ȼûзһϲ΢΢ԼһЩٿڣƴ诶ԴӦ诶޸ң
Ҷ诶Ȼûƿͷǰ̰ļȡů
ΪʲôͷÿԸеĴ㷢ϣ壬ɵЩӲ
쵽ķӦҶ诶һ뿪Сĵƿ壬ſǫлл㡣ֻǣûбҪΪңһҸǶӦţԺһõŮӡԡ
뿪ʱûģģҲһ¿˵诶ҲȥԺֻ֪ڣΨһˣ㡣ʹ㲻ңǣܺһҲҸġ
Ҷ诶ҡҡͷʹࡣң˵ǲƽġ
ǫ˵ЩʲôҶ诶΢΢һЦֵʱؼң߳ȥˮӱ߰ɡЩ£Ҫһ롣
áǫΣͷƿһ
ǫԸȥ·ߵȺ̧ȱ㳯Ҷ诶׷ȥ
ԴʶԼģһǿŶŮӡǽ֪ԭҲ˴һ档ֻǣһԼģ˼۰
ͻȻͣ½Ųߵһ˿졣ͷȥȴʲô˶ûСҡҡͷԼˡ
ǰҶ诶ͣ½ŲŻĺˮĿɬҲĲһ㣬һ£һָ
ȻҪԼֿ
ô
ѵôԼŮˣϧλԼ
ȻЩҪ
ҪǣҪͷ
Լͷôֿܻ
Щֻһӿͷ
ǵģ¡
һνΪİա
֪ЩˣԼߡ
Ӧ֪Լеߣ
˭ô죿
ǫ˵Ĳǰ취İ취Լһ٣һ˽飬ߺͻģŻԼ֡
ֻǣȥһˣ
οԼĲ̡
Ǹ˭ԣǲƽġԼ޸ôǺ
Ҳвͨ
üͷ壬ҧ´ЩĿǰĺˮһʱ
Щļ磬ŵıӰǫһۣǰȥסļ磬첲̧ȴ£վڵ诶ô࣬ʱ򣬴ͷȻֱ
Ҷ诶ûпĿȻǲ֪δˮ棬ҲģһΣҾãΪʲôҪôӣ
诶ˡǫˣżڣҲ۸ġ
ǫлл㡣Ҷ诶תһ˿ǳǳЦ
ԣԸԶ˵֡ǫε诶ΪʲôĸԸģΪĸл
֪Ҷ诶ֻͷȥǺˮԣҲл㡣
ûؼˡ˵µľһ˿Ц
áҶ诶Ӧţȴ۹ɿǺˮ
诶ǫ֣۹ɨһԼȥȴڵ
ľԣһ𣬡ǰ֪˶١
Ҷ诶ֵæת㿴һһµվòΪһɴñӡ
Ҷ诶ǫΪѣȴûд𻰡
ôΪҾϲ𣿡˵һ˿С
ǫȻû˵ֻǳǰһһ⣬ʵȴǰҶ诶ܺõĻ
ģҲô˵˼Ц⡣ϾǫȢŮˡ
Ҷ诶һ㶡ô˵ô֪ǫȢԼ
ֻǣոĳңǾҪһԻȪԧˡ˳߹һֱϣǫ㾹Ȼûз常ʧ
Ҷ诶ԽԽԻֻԼǰĹǫճȭһԴӡǣǸ˲Գ常
ӣʲô˼ǫǰһ䱸ģЩŭ⣬ҼȻˣӦ֪ҵĿʲô
Ҷ诶ţͼǫģܼҡҡͷ
ȷʰգһЦ
ǫѾˡǫڿڣ˵ģȴһ仰
⼸վ£ûи£ϸԺٽͣ˵һԲõȴʧˡֻǣ⼸տܸ޷׼ʱ½⣬ظʱ





026 ж

ЦȴֹܿסǫЦһҲЦ
ǫȴһ㷴ӦҲûУֻǣҶ诶ȴо⡣
˼شѡ񣿡
㲻ڣ
ȷ
棿
ʼδõشٴοڣѾŭ⣬ôݹ常ˣ
㣬ǫڣ֣㲻˵ڣ

ָճڣƹ֮ģƷ磬ʹùǫҶ诶˺˺üղվΡ
诶˺󣡡ǫţѷȥӹһơͬʱҲԶ
Ҷ诶󾪡֮䣬Ӧǹǫ常ȴΪֶʹɱ֣
ֻǣʱݲ룬ĿЩǵĽŲһĶϡ˼常书һܺãôǫ᲻Σգ
Ҷ诶䲻ǵ书ȴҲ֮ܿ󣬹ǫЩǺƽǫа֮⡣
Ҷ诶ֳһ֪ǫ书ɲ⣬û뵽˵ĹǸüͷͻȻŹǫ죬̫
ԶԶƮȥñ񾭵Ĺǫһ顣ǰԼһ常ȱмʤ㣬ҲԼķбɢˣȻԼǱо̫ȭ
ɫһ䣬ˣ֮䣬ȫĶ˸תһһʽ֮䣬̫裡
˴󾪣ֻԼȭһ޻ϣȴž˵Ļصٿǫ俴ϵı飬ȴʽأȴǿʽŽµĶ˿ȥȻɣ˿Ҳ֪֡ԼԽսԽۣٿȴ磡
ɫһ䣬͵սȦʲô书
ǫ˫ֻջأһſգǴҵġ˵ǫôȥұ㲻ƽϡ֮㣬߰ɣ
㣬룿˵ͷ˼һͻȻǰһɫ֮ЩھΣǫʵ常Ѿˡԣ֪㻹ţǾϲ֮֡ǰһУ常ǸǣҲҪ֪ǵĹأ常ҲΪεġգȻ㲻ƹô常ȥɣ常һǣ常۵ģҲֻ㰡
ǫɫһճȭȴûпڡ
˼ˣֿǰһǫӦ֪ģ常˵㻰οҰ֮ҵһУ㶼ġ
ǫζӳ¡ʹ֪ɱֲи飬ǣ书֮顣û뵽ԼûģҲֻǣȥԼ뿪ҲԼֵԼȥŮӡԣһĺޣʧ롣
ϾԼģҪȥԼ˵ʲô
οԼǰģ·ǸǰذԼ常ˡﻹаҪɱԼ˼
常Ѿˡ½䱸ҲȥġڵңѾˡ
֣ͣǫԽԽҶ诶ȻһֲõԤУ߹ȥǫԣɻĿ߰ɣ
˵ţǣ֣뿪˵ء
ǫһ㶣ԼĴ֣һִδйů͸жʱȫҲԾ׷Ĳ
ߣȴ룬һҶ诶һƴ
ǫоƷ磬Ҳû룬һѰҶ诶ͷ常뿪ڣ㿴ν常ָһһɫ㳯Ҷ诶
ȥ赲ѾҶ诶ƿΪʱǫûж룬һѵҶ诶ǰǰɫʱǶ壬ȴܿʧϣûһۼ
һ㶡ıʵҲɱǫϾԼΪĹߡȻΪŮŲ뿪ôҪŮ˵ͻԹԺԼȥˡ
ֻǣû뵽ǫԼ嵲ǸǶ顣
һкûйϵ
ɱֻԼԼ޹ذɣ
Ϊã๼Źǫ嵹£仰ȥ
Ҷ诶һĿŹǫԼǰ£ȴһæ˹ȥʵǫôˣ㻹ô
ǫϵ˫ͻȻһЦ̾Ϣ诶ԵȢˡ±ӣ±ܼ𣿡
ǫ˵ʲôҶ诶·ʱ׷ʲô£ǵԼǰģô˵µģԼô
ǫ㲻ҪۣңôˣʱҶ诶ЩˣŹǫһĺ
ΣȴκηӦҶ诶͵ͣϵĶһͷ侲˺ܶࡣ
δ£һʱ
ƽʼ壬ȴûκ˺ۡ
ж
ȥ̽ıϢ΢ޣ
󲽳ٵȥԶԶģǸϴ
ܿ죬˰ѹǫ̧Ӳ壬ͻȻ
˵ģһԼ߰ԼңֶԼİܸж
ʹûаҲŲһĸ顣
ǣڣҪʧ
ȻǸΪλԼ¶֣ǫԼȴǧȷġ
ǫǧ£֣ĵǺ𣬡ңôȥټһ£˳ģ
ǫҵǸ⣬һûлشԣ㲻֪𣿡Ҷ诶֪ܲԼ˵Ҳ֪ʲô״ΣֻţԼĺ־ǿһЩܳŵ
ԷһٶǰҶ诶ȴһߺ͹ǫ˵Żһߴߴ
ܿ죬˼⣬Ҷ诶ãѾЩǻ





027 

Ĺһ㶣ɱҶ诶ɫ԰ףǾ֡
£ʹ˾ʧ룿
ɻţȴҲܿķеĲˣӭȥһסҶ诶֣ž֣Ŀ£üͷһ壬еʣ㣬ʲôˣ
죡Ҷ诶ץסȥﻹһ˵ţǫжˣȥ
˵⻰Աߡܿ췴Ӧ̧㿴ǫ
ָѸٵĴ䣬ÿüʱȴʲôҲû˵ֻǿٵܵĻصڣóһҩ䣬˵㣬ΪڴȥʦҪ𣿡
Ҷ诶شѾ̧
֮úչ˷Ҷ诶Ȼ״ʱʱһ̧һߴĳ֮ｻţУ֮ԼͿԣģһ˵
˵⻰ѾȴѾ˹ǫϡ
һֱߣһ룬ŵÿն򺰵
᲻£Ҷ诶һ򴽣ʵ
㣬ⶾҡͷ
ܵúܿ죬ϵ˳˹ǫŵĹҶ诶Щҡҡλεġ
ʲô˼Ҷ诶üʵ
㣬ⶾһδǵĿŹǫüͷҲԽԽէûжֻǻһ㣬ʵⶾ֮ɫζ޷Ӧޱ֣ȴϢҪ
ôᡭ˵֣Ҷ诶ݺݵҧһ´
ʦа취֣סҶ诶֣㣬ȱѹѾסļʹҩݲϮѪҺģҪȼʦ֪
Ҷ诶۾ԴĿڳϣ̾һңԲˣһӶԭԼԸжԼ
ֻǷ飬ĴΣԼԿ
Ͳ¡
ˣҲ˽ΪԼ£
Խ룬ԽԽ룬ͷʹԽԽ룬ĵ׵Խ࣡
ٵͷǴȴȻڲסľգĵףһûɵʹ
ǫαˣ
֪Ӵٲܷ㣡
˼ˣһ¶һᾹ¡æͷ͵ĸ£Ŀ⡣
ɽӵɽȲǺԶӱޣһֻ˲ʱ˹⡣
ˣҶ诶ˡ
æѹǫϣڹȺ˱㼱ˡ
ȴһõطֻǣʱһĵģֻΪˡ
ܿɽģһˡ
ǾȹҶ诶εĿʵ¡
俵ʵµҶ诶֮ʱ඼ڻ֮УֻǣҶ诶֮ûÿʵٴθҶ诶壬ԣ⿵ʵ£Ҷ诶ʶġ
ʦЩȾȹŴɣʦˣҲ޷ֱӰѹǫԷŵ˴ϡ
ֵܶ˼ˣɻ࣬ȴ໰ɽָմϹǫ䣬üͷ
ҹ˵ˣջ֣
ҡҡͷѯĿ⿴Ҷ诶
Ҳ֪Ҷ诶ҲҡͷֻǣɽĿ˼һҪ
˶ҡͷüͷĸȴͻȻʵǺˣ
ʦǾĽҶ诶˾ġɽѣæҶ诶ش
Ҷ诶ͷ
ȴ뿵ɽɫһͬʵ½һȻϸϸҶ诶
ģףرü֮¶ǷźͽǸ˼ֲ
˵ʱɫȥȴ
ŮӣҲֲþġ
ÿÿصڱտ̸ģλ㡣
ֻǣǣϴҶ诶Ϊһ¶֮Ҷ诶Լİͽʮ꣡
Ůӣװʲôģ
İβ˾Ը˫˫ɣ
ԾûǷ⣬Ϊʮ֮Լ
ϴλ֮¶Ŀʹʦģ۵Ŀȥˣ
Ҷ诶ɽֻǴԼȥ˼ǫĶȻ죬ȴǿڵǰĶн⣿
ɽŻعǺǸЦˣʲôϵ
һֱùŴ統һ㣡شּеʦôЩ޹ؽҪ⣬֮Ķ
Ҷ诶ȴסĸ첲ҡҡͷɽǰ诶ҲһģԣǰһҪõõ诶ĵط诶Ե
ɽ⸱ģ˴š֪ⶾһܽ⣬ҲеôࡣֻǣЩΪΡ
ֻˣɽʣָָϵĹǫ㣬ûĹϵ𣿡
һҪж֮ԼͽУôҪˡ
Ҷ诶üͷһ壬ȴǵͷ
ʦȴˣʦŴĶʲôܲܽ⣿
ɵͽȻˡɽȴֳҶ诶ʵҪʹҲԸ𣿡
Ҷ诶һ㶣ȴܿͷܻԸ⣡
ˣһץסɽ֣ʦ㵽˵ʲôȲȹŴ磬ͽʲôϵʦôˣ֪֪
µĻҶ诶һۣȴվû˵ڡɽСӣﰵԵ⡣
ɽʲôʱҲˣʵһԿڣʲôҪ㾡ܿھˣα㶵Ȧӣ
ǰֻҪģһӦҶ诶ˣҲ³⣬æֻ֤ǣ֪õʲô
ɽЦǫⶾ
н⣿Ҷ诶ʡ
У𣬡˶޽ҩ
ʲô˼Ҷ诶üȴҳ𣬱ϾǾʦ
ⶾǿԽģһ˾ҪˡŹӡ
Ҷ诶üȻţȴЩŭˡ
ȴͻȻһԵʦĪҪɣ
ɽͷ
Ҷ诶Ŀɻ
㣬ʦ˼ǣŴ֮תƵһ˵ϣŴ͵þˡ˼ϸ͵
Ҷ诶ûж룬ڵȻˣѶƵɣ
㲻ɽ˵Ͼһ˿Ц⡣
£ش𣬡ţ֮ˣûвġ
ɽͷϵЦƺ࣬ӣƺҶ诶ĻشĶ˼ôʱжǾ𣿡
Ҷ诶䲻֪Ĩôڣ֪϶ȹǫģҲʵش𣬡ᡣ
ԭͻش𣬡Һ;ͬ㡣жҲ𰸡
ܸӣ˵ᣬһů˵ͬ㣬һȻǰٸн
ΣͷʦһҵġһΣһҪ˽ҲΪ˾ԣʦЩȾȹŴɣ
ɽվⲽܿ죬վҶ诶㣬ѾЩʶˣҲң˺ˡ
ˣͶлǰˣҶ诶Ȼϲȴûй¶֪ضл˵
Ȼֿڡ
ֻǣңһ
ʲôҶӦҶ诶ЦЩΣȴϣֻҪܰ쵽
Ȼܰ쵽ɽЩϲ£ֻҪͷϾ;
ʦôҪЮ㣿һԼ
ôҪЮɽգۣЦ
ҿ˵ǳ֮Σ࣡ʵһ˹
Ҳͬ⣡üվҶ诶ԣ㣬ģһʦȹŴ磬㲻ض룡
£Ҷ诶ȴĺ⣬ɽǰʲô
֮һǷʲôˣɽڵ仰Ӧ˵ġ
ãˬ죡ΪϵˣɽһƣȻˣҾ˵ˡ
ΣӽÿһʱΪϰ˵ң½⡣
ŶҪúѧϰ
綯תлл½⣬һᾡŬдġ
bingcaoԲʧˣӽ𣬸»ɵģǺǣԭҰɣ





028 ޸

Ҫ㣬޸
һڣסĲҶ诶
ҲǴ㶵
ʵЩ⣬ȴܿȻҡͷһЦ
ô뷴ڣɽҶ诶Ĭʵ
Ҷ诶üһ壬ڵǰҪҸ
Ȼɽͷ򾰶ҵȫȻҪҸ
ôҲܴӦҶ诶϶
ʦҲͬ⣡ʦԼ⣬ȴҲھܾôʱ򣬶Խ˵Ļ
ѵ㲻Ȣ𣿡ɽŹ
룬ǣҶ诶Ŀ飬ΣҪģǽĸԸļ޸ң
ɵӣ㻹ʮꣿɽﰵ̾һԼͽԼ˽⣬ֻӾǿרһ϶ĸ飬ƾһӵˡǣҶ诶ƺԾ⣬ôǻ˾ģˣ޸Ȼȫ
һȣޱĵͷ˵ʮ꣬Ƕʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ҳȣԣʦ
ɽˣϧԼһδȢӣϥֻôһͽܣѰԼĺӣΪˣһδʱ˵Ҷ诶ʱѾһͽ˹顣ôһᣬô᲻ã
Ҷ诶˹һĳŵʱӿһЩ뵥ʦ˵ܲܡ
δ˵꣬ѵͷãȥʦҩ䣡
˵ţ߳ȥ
ɽҡҡͷ֪ԼͽѱǰŮӳԵġˣҪԸ
ʵ³ЦЦҲ˳ȥ
֪˵ʲôɽȷˣȣ˵Ӧҵ
ǰ֪ܲ诶ǵһˡҶ诶ЦһΪ˸
һӡɽĽӹң仹Ⱦ󡣡
ֹˣҶ诶˵ʵ飬Ҳȣ诶鰮ֻһĸС뾰ףֻ£ί˾
ЩΪûɽ̾һȻҶ诶׻һӵʵЩ٣ҲΣϾԼͽܾǿˣҲûа취ֻҪףһĴţҸġҲ˽⾰ɣ϶£ʮͷţ⣬ⱲӶ䡣˵ʦģʲô취
ᣬŮҲֻ޼ҵ⣬аĳɷ棬ĳɷ־ӶࡣЩڲ֪˳ˣȻ׵ġҶ诶ͷΣȴҲ֪Լļ޸ֻ£ء
ɽҶ诶֮䶼ǶԾĹģҲ֪˵޼١ֻǣһȴҶ诶ĺãŮӣȷʵֵþ˶Դ
뵽һӣʲôҲ˵ˣѾ޻ǲޣѡһɣ
˵ֿ꣬ڴϵĹǫҲһ֮䡣
ǰҶ诶Щż֪ǫĶʱԽãԽΣǰǼ֮ˣѵ诶˵ޣǰĿ𣿡
ţôǱԣɽû뵽˵ĻҲżҲŭӣӰ죡϶£ѸġӦ֪ǿӣʦӺˣ
ѵҪˣҶ诶ֻһƬɬԼģΪȴôģ
ɽͷҪˡ
ôҶ诶һֻҪҪȢңңޡ
ãɽȥţ
ǰȷȢңҶ诶Ц
ԼǶԵ
Ȼа취Ȣ㣡ɽЦмֵ⡣˵ָǫǳ֮Ķ֮ʱҾ֮ʱ
˵꣬߳䡣
Ҷ诶㶿ڴϵĹǫֻĿɬһһȫ
⣬ɽڶԹ֮飬֮
û뵽ִⲻϺҶ诶ס
ɵϣôõĻ᲻ãɽЩˣҸ˵һΣпһӶò
ֶβܵõԸԶԶĿֻҪҸұҸˡΪȻԼԭ
ã֣ɽȻˣҾͰѶϺˣ
ԣһסɽĸ첲ʦԲУ
磬Ѷϣͷһð϶Լ뷨صһͷԣͰѶȿԾȹŴ磬ֿԲýΪѣ
㣡㣡ɽһ˦úҶָ׳գôһͽܣ
һţһߴܣ˵Ҳǰ˵ֻѡҪôȢҪôҰѶϣ
ʦ㣬ҪˣסˣȻ֪ʦΪãңʦ˵ĻԳеġǣҲ֪˾٣Ȼǻýĵġ
ǣܱжҪõĶɣ
οȢΪʲôȥôջ
ԥɽһļ򣬲ͷͽʦ˵Ļ㻹𣿲ҪԥˣʱȣٲڣҪȥˣ
ʦҡסɽĸ첲صͷãȢ
ãҵĺͽɽһϣЦҲ֮ݡ
ɽϲ̵ĽȥҶ诶ٳʱһһˡ
˲߳ȴɫ졣
мĿɽȻɷЦ档ֻǣĹ˵ЦЦȻһȴƼҸ󣬺ÿһ˫ʼû뿪Ҷ诶ٿҶ诶ɫ糣ϲǣκε
ҲҪȥʲôʱˣҿʱͦáڵص㣬ǸУʦ֤ˣһжȫˣɽһЦţһŶ˵ȥ
ȴʵڵȺ
ôʵ¿Ҷ诶ĿѰζ
Ϊһ̵ģɽЦ磬죬׼ʼ
ɽ˵ſ˵֣ǰȥڿʵԣЦʼɣ





029 ֪

Ҷ诶Щ֪롣
һأɽŲæһɤӡ
ûȻˡ
Ҷ诶ת˵ϡ
ˣҲæתҶ诶һ
һߵף
ߵף
ߵף
ݸã
޶԰ݣ
ɣ
ɽһ䣬׵һʱϲɫ
û뵽Ҷ诶˵ϡ
һͽķˡ
ɵͽЩȥɽ߹ڹļһѡ
ͲһˡֻҪ췹ٲõˡ
ʱͷᣬ⣬һָɻڻ硭
ɵϣɽһԴȥ
ܵȣǸж˲ܵȡ
֮ǰҶ诶˵ˣǶ֮ʱŻǸ˽ⶾ
㶿Ҷ诶ȴҶ
Ҷ诶һ˿Ȼһ룬ȴǣ֣߳
ȥⶾɽ
ǣҪҶ诶ġ
ķ߳ȴ֪ȥĸҶ诶ֻÿʵ
ڣǱߣָָȥ
ֱڣЩεġ
񣬽Ѿ

ΰɣ
ĵָһġۣǾͲΡ
ǣȻΣΪʲôʱȴôĲʵ
ܺãĺܺã
ԼԽĸ飬Ҳվ
ԼˣԼӦø˲Ŷ԰Ϊʲôĵȴһ˿ˣ
΢΢һסС֣㣬
Ҷ诶ǰеĽŲһ٣ȴûֻͣһ˿ǳЦû
ȷֻûԼˡôһʦˣ
ܿ죬֮ǰķ䣬ŽȥҶ诶£Ȼ󣬿ڵ㣬Ҫˣ֪ʦΪԣǣȻȻѾãôұ㵱ӣһ㣬ǲϵġУֻҪ㲻ͬ⣬ǣǲᶯġ
У񣬲ô˵ʵִ̫ٺͺˡʲôʱ򣬽ˣҪһʢĻ񣡡
˵⻰εϸһ˿ΣҶ诶Ҳɿվߵһ¡
˰֮ǰҪЩ
˵ǿɽԶԶĿճ׵ĶЯֽݣ˳İŹϵЦο
ȷþҸʵʳҶ诶ͬʡ
Ȼɽһ߻شһ߳ǫŵǸȥϲôΪޣȻҸģ
ʵҡҡͷܵܣɽд̫ˣ飬Ҳδ̫Щ£һŮϣҸбֻ֤ǣҶ诶ǸŮӣ˵
οǣģһү
ʵ¸ڿɽ󣬽˷䣬Ҳȥʲôֱһԣſɽ
ɽ׼ѹǫϵĶԼϡ
ⶾȻңȴκβ
ֵֻܶСѧҽѳ¶ҩһĶáɽΪԵɺϷһʥǰٶ֣ԣ޿ֵİѹǫϵĶԼϡ
ʵȻ֪ġֻǣȴûֹҶ诶סڵһʱ䣬Ѿȥţ֪ŮӵǲˣҲ֪᲻֪ˣʲôķӦ
뵽ʵ¶һ˿ζЦţ£кϷˡ
ɽҽȻһһѶԼָ֮ǫһŽⶾ裬ܿ죬ǫѹ
诶أ诶û£ѹһ仰ǽѯʡ
˵ţѾȴо
ģܺáʵһԴ㣬ҪϢղźá
Ҫȥǫж֮ʱΪԼĻᣬ۵һ˲ԼİŮȴûκζԣһѹ̾ϲã㼱ҪİŮӡ
Ŀ˹ϢĿɽ˫ۣǫҹ˵ˣ
ǫһ㶣ĿʱȴһͷǡڣҺѾ޹ϵ
ãɽһվáҲϣͽߵ˺ҹʲôϵ
诶ǫͷʵ
ɽһЦӽ𣬱˽ˡ
ʲô˼ǫɫһ䡣
ӦýˡɽЦԽԽԡóǫҶ诶Ҳ飬ҿΪǿľлأһʱǰѾˣڣڶأ
˵ʲôǫɫʱѿȴܿҡͷܣܣ诶ǰѹܵһģôף
һԵĿɽȴԽԽ⣬̲סЦ
ҽⶾǫָȴ֣ɽ񾹴Щɱ
񣬲Ӧľ˰ɣɽЦǺǵ
Ϊʲôңǫֽճȭһһʵ
ܼ򵥰ɽֱӺɱȻЦͽңȻ;ˡ
ʲô䲻ȷҶ诶Լĸ飬ǫ֪Լ顣ԼеĶҹ˵ıɱҩɽ⡣ǰ˾ȻԼôȻҶ诶ʲô
˼ˣһŭ˲ǣǰһƽɽŭģ
ĸԸģɽһûУϹǫӣҵĻֻѣ
仰һ˵ǫѾȫˡ
ʱζӳ¡
ȻΪ˾ԼԸ޸һԼˣ
ôԣ
ԸԸ
Ѿûŭ⣬ȡ֮ģǺ˵ı䡣





030 ֪

Ǹ䣡ɽָŹķ䣬ǫǰӰæȰ㿼ˣѾķˡԣȰǧ嶯
˵ţǫûͣ٣ȻǰţҲһ˵ţô˵ҲľˣĲ˵ֻϣΪѾ
û˵꣬㿴ǰĹǫ˽Ųˣԣҵϣûоң
ˣôأɽӣҾ㣬㵹˵Ļ
ӦûǿġʵƵ߹ǿھķϣ˵ɱأ
ĪɽҲֹסŲĴ磬ôˣ
£ƻ˱Ѳأʵ૵
˵ʲôɽûʵ
ûʲôûʲôʵ¾ź룬ٺٵЦˡ
˵ǫǶνĶǰ棬Ŷ룬ȴǰӲͣ˽Ų
֪Ǿᶴ£ǻ£ôͲֵԼȥŮӡ
ҲףʹһˣȻģˣǾ塣
֮ͣ½ŲͻȻ뵽һҶ诶͹ףǳأ
Թȷʵܺá
ֺãǰܵһ㿴ǡ
ǫ֪
Ҷ诶ʲôĸ鶼֪ô֪ԹĸΡ
뵽Ѿȥ˴룬ȡ֮ģ޾Ρ
ΪԸȥ
޾㡣ֻǣΪʲôڲ²⵽ᰮϱʱôĺ£
Σ⿪ڡ
š֨ѽһ򿪣ϲǰ
Ŵ磬ˣ𣿡ԵĹС
诶Ŵˣ
ߵеĻʱ΢ƽһЩǣһƺҲƽˡ
诶Ȼ֣
ǡһץס죬ŭʲô
ſδͣҶ诶󿪿ڡ
ǫʶ֣ĿⶨҶ诶ϡ
ںЩ𣿻ûﲻѹҶ诶ʵ
ǫҡͷҶ诶ĿԽԽȣ诶㲻Ϊҡ
Ҷ诶ҡҡͷ¶һ˿ǳЦˡѴӦ˾飬ֻǣʱǰ˶ѡǲǣ
룬Ҳ˵ǣͷ
ˣǫĿ⣬Ȼ
֪ǴӲ˵ѵġ
ҲţֽճȭֻоԼ㲻ǣһֱܵһ𣿶ң˵鰮ġ
Ҷ诶ЦţЦޣҲһܺõˣҸ˵ļһ
ҿԡµĻȥڣԼʲôʸ˵ҪԼһɱ֣ڲǣǣЩľΪĨȥ˺ۡԼ֯ĳңп常Ѿ˸ͷôԼԺˡ
Ȼˣ̸ֺҸͰأ
һ˲䣬Щ絶ʣڲ
˵ʲô֪Ҷ诶ϵʹͲʾ۵ףв̣ȴûа취ֻüǣȻѾ;ףôһһӡҲ㣬ҵĸ顭
סڣδ˵꣬һԵߵԶ֮ģһ˻ţͣ£һصĳУһӰϷ¡
Ҷ诶ﻹڲ죬һ룬ȴһӰһӣѾһůĻ
ģ㾹ȻҼ޸ˣģ㾹ȻҺͱ˶˽壬ƺҪǶԼȥ˵ҿԲƽϣǣֻҪһһ죬ҾøˣҵģֻңȢ㣬ҿǻòͷˣ
Ҷ诶ĵ̾һ૿ڣ㱧ҿ첻ܺˣ
æȴȻûҶ诶뿪Ļͷ˫޾ۣﻹиղŵĿŭ
诶Բ𣬡ַŵҶ诶ǰ˳
Ҷ诶ƿ˺һܿĴ֣үô
ˣǺ졣
˶üͷһ𷴿Ĺʵ㣬Ҫ诶ף
Ҫף޾ɫǣѾóˡѾ¾ӡ
ҶҵŮˣ˵꣬Ѿһƴȥ
ҪҶ诶쿪˫ۻڹǰ죬ûʸ֣
ûʸ񣿡ѱڵĿŭĺҶ诶⻰ŭգڹǰƷӲջ˵ûʸΪ֮ǰ˵ĻƭЩҼȻ˵ڣôֻҵŮˣ
˵꣬һҶ诶־ߣߣںһҪѸ£ҵһƷˣֻң
죡Ҷ诶˦֣κΣֻ̫øε֪ܵġҺԸģȷûʸң
ܣΪʲôܣ챾ѺֵֽһԸ޸ҲԸҵѵѵ
˵ѵǾ䡰ңһоҲûȴʼûʳڡ
ͻȻĻش
ɱУ۳ɳ¹
ǣʱ˿̣Ȼ
ſңҶ诶ͣ½Ų˵ҲƽҲ֮
ſһԵĹǫվ˳վ˺ǰ




031 Լ

ûʸô𣿡ǫһĺֶһ䣬ÿ˵ڶ飡
ˣ֮Լ
䵭ȴɹֹ˺ǰеĽŲ
Ҷ诶һͷϵĺ
ү˵֮ڣֻҪóʮӣ֮һбһʹүѵ뷴ڲɣ
Ҷ诶˵⻰СִгԽԽŭ˫޾УҺͷζֿǣ
һɫһȻԼǰҧһĻֽճȭѹŭҶ诶ţûҵĻ׷㵽ܵظҲŹ㣡
˵⻰͹ǫصġߡһһ˦ӣˡ
㡣æǰƺҲ˸ģִҶ诶ϸ鿴û˵ɣ
Ҷ诶ҡҡͷԹ¶һǳǳЦ
ǫˣſϣ˫ۡ
ҸĻԸ⣬ף
ôߣʵס˺ʵû뵽ôսء
һ֣ʵµɽЦҽȻḷ́Ծ֮вˣҽ֮ǵ֮
ļ֮⣬˶ɽһЩɵԲѷҲιʲô£޸ҼҾĸأǻû޹ˣźأǾô˵ҲǱãһ˲ţ绪ï
δ˵꣬ѷһѾס죬ŭ˵ʲôŲűھɱ㣡
֪˵ʵǣģ诶ǲκڮٵġ
үϢŭϢŭʵæһԴԲһжżż
ι磬Ҫɱˣ㻹żɽһүЩˣ֪˹ϵãȴҲ̲סЩˡϾүԼ֪һЩġ
ģүɱġɽһ̵ģ糾͸ϹٿһҪ˵ףѾҶ诶ĸˡҪɱ㣬α
Ȼɱô˵Ҳǿʵµĵܵܡſٿ㣡
ٴȴ˶һȴֳҶ诶˿񱼶ȥе˦ȥðҶ诶˸ʵһ֣Ҷ诶ϣĻ
ѾĻʱҪ裬ֻо޾ͷŭӴʱŮˣκ˶һָͷ
ǫۣѿҶ诶Ȼϡ۱۵˲䣬ߣѾˡ
ȻԼô㲻֮ںͱ˳ס㲻ҪˣòʮҪԹԺһġ㣬ʲôʸͱ˳ףԵ˵֮ԼʱһóʮȻߣʱȥ˵ӣҾ㣡
һҲ˵ĺҶ诶ҲֻεĿ
㣬ʱǱʮ̶ˡЦһȡ
üĸʲôʮ֮꣡ʲôĹ֪ģŶ֮ĬĸģǰеԽĲ˳ۣ
§ǰ˶˫һǣһݡҶ诶񱼶ȥ
꣬ʮꡣߣһӶȲֻһ˵ģĪĴҵߣȻĽƵĺҶһ˵ġκߴߣǣ
˼ˣֻҶ诶ƵƵü
ܺãʱ䣬ʱѲˣ˵ʮ㣬עҵŮˣ㣬Ҳעᰮң
ԽԽ࣬ϵŭȥȡ֮źͿ
ֻǣͷȥǰŮӣĺͱ˶ˣһ˻ͣ
ڻҶ诶첻ܺȴǿĲڣڲӭźХĿ磬һͣ£Ҳֲסڴڴ˿ϡ
ˣһţ§ԼڣԼδᣬ诶ôˣ
ҲʱŷɫÿôˣǲǲΪʲôңߣȥÿʵϼһ￴
˵ţҪҶ诶
Ҷ诶æ䣬ŴûУû£ֻǣۡ
˵⻰Ҳֱ˵ϡ
ģ˿̲ŷԼղžԼǰƥǲܵġ´ΣҪԼźá
ţ޹˼ɵڵϣֲԾ¶һ˿Ц⣬Լ诶СڣȻ
Ҳϰϣ£˳§ס
֮ԼôҪҡҶ诶˳ȻİĴִԼÿ
ǣûжɡˣǵЦ
Ҷ诶һۣû˵
诶ҵĺ诶յߣૡ
ˣȫţǲûж룬һǶڸԼôԼ彻һԼأ
Թи飬֪Ǿǰ
Ҷ诶ͷ
һɣҲȥ§Ҳࡣ
쿴һۣȴԹԵûж
ʮô׬ġɫȻҪ㣬ôҸ׬Ǯ
˵˲ΪҵġҶ诶˼ЩΡ
һ˵ҪҵӣΪʲôָֻǸЦģ
Ҷ诶죬ֻҪΪѷģν
ãĻ֮ǸӣңֱصĲһ
ӣüһԺʻ㡣
һ˵ĺӡ
Լѿ쵽֮꣬ʱԼʮ˸ǸСӹ߲
һ˿ЦںߣĿٿҶ诶ǶЩ档
ӵأ
ģôôأ
綯תлл֧֣æĻҪע壬Ŷ





032 ʦ

Ƽܿ죬µʱȥˣһжƺʹǰһȴƺֶ˱仯
ݲԶĵطһ伪ã֮й֮޲ʹǰװȻϲȴͬǾǵò˴
Ҷ诶ˣ֪ѾʼжԼ⣬Լ׬Ǯ⵹ǲֻǣֹһ׮
ȻĴֻǣҶ诶ԽҶ诶ӣʱ⡣ȻһУ֮ġ
ǫԴϴαɽ𣬾Ҳûˮ¶棬ϢǲŵݽͣȻתҶ诶˵Ҷ诶һжĺ˳
Ҷ诶֮ǰŵ֮ȥʦ飬ҲΪ̫æµֱգеһж׼ν¾㱸ֻһλվʦˣҶ诶֮ͬ͵ǰȥһ̽
ȣŷﲢһӵɽȣһ滷ɽһ滷ˮׯһɰͣԴмȴԴ˼
֮ԿҶ诶֪ʦ躣ΪЩ֮Щſ
Ҷ诶ÿɷֻ⿴Ĵׯľɫ֮Ҳٶ˵ʲô·ĴҶ诶躣ǰ
ܲ۵һСŻľţѿľƿȥЩ߲˼
Ҷ诶Ҳûϸֻʾ֮š
֮ȴҡͷһָľŵ࣬С㣬㿴һ
Ҷ诶ע⵽ľһ۵Ķ֮˵ۣʵֽŵɫ̫԰һЩЩͷˡ
ּվȴѵõĺ֡ЩɷĺۼϸһҲܿóдΪΡ
ǣУУ̸С
ǣţ
Ҷ诶ü䲻֪Ǻκ壬ȴͦ˼ġ
С㣬ҵһݷˣȴݶûȥء֮һԿڡ
𣿡Ҷ诶£ͷΪΣ
ճԼ֮΢΢һٿڣѲƸղŵˣǣաҵһûע⣬ԣûҽȥ
Ҷ诶ͷϸ˿ǶΣŶ֮ԵŰɡ
ܿ죬ţȴֻ˰ȣֻ¶һԴȴǸʮĵİСӣһ֮ԣüô㣿Ҽү˵ˣš
֮ԸͣҶ诶ῪڣλСֵܣ鷳ͨһ˵յףѾ³ˡˡ
СӲһ죬Ҷ诶òһ㶣ϰΪһࡣ´һطǵһŮݷáòԼ𾴣ɵüЦǵţȥү
һᣬСӴţ˸ƣЦС㣬Ҽү롣
ĿǺƽũһСԺԺǶѷһѲԺм䳶ӣһЩ·ȥһʦסĵط
Ҷ诶ȴûһ˿ı飬ɫƽС࣬һֱſڣֻ˵ү˵ˡ
ɡ
һͳԸеҶ诶üһ򭣬̫˰ɡ
ܸߣбɤԼǸʱҲʮĸ質𣿵£Ҳ롣
̧Ƚ䣬ȴûλˣ۹һɨ㿴һɫӰԼվڴǰŴķ⡣
λҼС㣬ݻ֮躣Ҷ诶æڽܡ
ô֪Ƕĺ壿ȴͷƵ˵Ǻ
֮æһҶ诶ȴɫŷСС㣬Ƣ
Ҷ诶ЦųҡͷŶ躣Ӱɫһλ֪֮꣬ɷ̸
֪֮ꣿ躣ظһ飬һתΪβ
ֻǣҶ诶òͣһ£ȴֵܿ͡
ұ֤˴γȣ벻ջ񡣡Ҷ诶Ҳһȴܿ飬ȴǴĸиһ
ʵû뵽νʦëͷСү˵ᣡ
ң˵˧
뺣İͬҲŲͬ˵ǫȴԵķ緶ô˵أ߰͸Ų͸Ÿ߹
һۿȥλȵһӣ֪ʦˣ
ջ񣿡躣һһУЦʲôǻƽŮƣ
´Ҷ诶һۣмûǸȤ
֪һжӣҶ诶ȥĲ
ǱԷƱ֮ССҲһٶװɣ˵躣˼Ժʲô
ҵѣȴ˼أҷ죬Ҳ֪ͬȤһҶ诶¶һ˿ŵЦ⡣
ף躣һÿüëһôܣ粻ͬͬ£һû˵
ԣȥҶ诶Ц֪Ȥ
躣濴Ҷ诶֪ƭԼȻܴӻʹȻмֱͺ̨ȻҲ˭ȣƭԼ˻ˡһˣԼ˼Һúдһ¡ֻǣĿʲô
λѸȤĻ룬һæҶ诶ѯĿ⣬ڣѽ͵





033  

躣̾һôŮӣֹòԹɫ̬Ȳ⣬ǺԼǰŮӴвͬѵ˵Լ˼꣬
ţҲȥһߵġҶ诶һЦ֪ʲôܰæģ
Ҷ诶֪ͬȣ·ҲЦ£ɴСͿˡ磬ȼλѣ̸
躣лȴҲȥ룬ͷλף򡭡
仰δ˵꣬ȴֻҺܲϲƭġ
˵ȻҶ诶ôƭ㣿Ҷ诶˼ҲƽĽ͵ǼӣȻһһģֻ£᲻ͷأ
躣˵ЦҶС˵ˬ죬ģԵСˡСģʰһ£ǺλҶСߣ
վСһɫһ䣬ȴҲܿӦһ֪үȥʰ
ҲûʲôʰģһᣬСľͱһСվſڣүߣ
躣һӣûȥˣҲȥʶʶߣ
СҲٶ໰ԹԵĸڼ˺ţ߳ţСķţſڵĶæתеү
躣δڣҶ诶˵ˣˣ˵յףλҲеġ
躣һЦСĵˣ¸÷˰ɣ
Сŵͷţ˱ȡ
˹ٵҶ诶ŷԸ֮Ե֮ԣֱȥ塣
֮֮ǲ졣֮ǰҶ诶˵֮ʱѾЩԻԼôãôû˵ˣˣﻹõõ躣ɽڣҪȥ壬Īǣڶ岻ɣС«ﵽʲôҩ
˵ɻ࣬ȴǲұֳתͷԸ򶫴ķʻȥ
诶ðˣܷһ䣬֪οɵģڣҶ诶Ц躣
ȷʵЩð躣һ˫ֱ磬һĨЦȥʵӵǱʡӴ⣬δʹҡ
ŶˣôСͿʼӴɣ֪ԼϲǼȣҶ诶˹ǫľգǰ˧磬һоҲûУƽĺܡ
躣ʣüһ壬õҶС㣬ʲô˼
ûʲô˼Ҷ诶һЦֻ֪ͽʵѡ
ʵȥ֮ǰҶ诶ʦûһ˿Ļɡֻǣ֮òʼˡʹ֪˲ò࣬ǣҲʵ벻һˣж衣
躣ɫһ䣬δü˵ԱߵСѾڣ󵨣ʲôˣҶҼү˲֪
Сģ躣һ˵СıƢԹһá
ҶСԸֱˬ躣ɫָ糣ҵʵ̽óȻң㲻ʧ󣿡
Ҷ诶һ֮ԣ֮ԵͷȥЩ£ȷʵûб躣ı£Ǵһģ˵ᣬ£ȴûмֹܳǾͨţĸҲֻͬǣûѡ
֪ʲôҶ诶ܿ⣬ֿʵ
ôСҲͨɣʣ躣Ҳûش
Ҷ诶ҡҡͷЦֻǣϲѡõӣֹұ٣ҪǣԾ飬ƽһ˵Ϊõ֣һϵĳס
躣ţֱ˵꣬ĿҲû뿪Ҷ诶˫˫
֪ΪΣҶ诶Цʡ
СģǶˣȴҶ诶ͷСЦ
Ҷ诶ü΢΢˵ⷬʵҪ̽һķӦЩʱӦ³İɡĶ裬ôⷬӦкǿҵķŶԡǣĪ˵Щʲô
ţ躣ѾϵЦ󣬡̫òˣ㣬̫⣿죬㾹ȻôһΣ
Ҷ诶üԽԽ͵ҵĵطһŮһŮӼҵòüëûһ£һЩֵ⣻ҪģһΣ˵ҵ˵ĵ׶õĸо˵˶ۣ
飬ƽףĴ躣һ˵꣬Ҷ诶ϵЦҶС㣬˵ҵҵ֪
ˣҶ诶΢΢һЩͶʾ޴󣬲һʧҪģõʦˡ
£һѵӸأҶ诶΢Ц׼
躣ڴҶ诶ҲҪϾֿԳ֮Ϊֳյ˵ʲôҲȲõˡ£ʼٶ̫ˣЩҶ诶Ǹصˣ֪ܴԼʲô
壬Ҷ诶ȴ뼸Դ躣ǰСתתһڣȴԸ躣ڴ˵Ⱥǰȥѵࡣ
躣Щͣȴڴǣվԭأٶ
ͻȻһ󻺻躣Ծվֱӣϸ
˵䣬ʵΣؽ˴˿ӵҲк֮⡣ʵ֮ҽңʱ£ԺҲҪٸͶƱʵЩҵԺӦûǻһǣʲôʱʱҲ֪ԣ˵һԲ





034 ֹݣһ

º԰ۼĶߣУ
԰ǰɻڵý⡣ֹݡĸִ¥¥ʱҹ䣬ٶСӳĸԱߣĵּΪÿ
°Դ⣬˵ֹݣҲֻͷѡݺݺ࣬Կ͹٣˭Ҳóⲻһϵ¥ˡ
¥㣬ڵʱʵΪټ֮¥װ޼Ϊǰ̽ͷ̽ԣҽȴţ棬Ǽ۸ܹɣ
գȴڰβסһģһţ󲽽һ¥ƿ¥ͬľţ漴һ滺ʳȴ֮
ٿһ¥ĳ裬ȴǹ֮ɫ񻨵ľΣһ¥϶֮䣬һһ͸ɫֲʱʹȥԵùӵĻ˼
˳ǣ￴ȥǳԷĵأһһĿ˶ھƷʳˣŮˣ˺ӡΨһͬĿܾǶġСһȺŲӯŮӡŮò䣬ֻϣΧһɴ
żգȴǼãңҲûв֪ôң⵹ǳҵ֮⡣¥żһģʵ˿ڵ
Աһߵӿڡ
ҿû诶ģ˵㡣ңھҲû˸ҡ¶Цݣߵǫԣѹ֣ô
һ䣬ȴ˳Ū
躣ߵĻھͰǮ㣿űƿһװҶ诶˽
ǺǣЦЦѡ诶ô⿡ӣ躣
գһסɽˮƾҶ诶ǲ
Ļ˵ͻͷ̹̹֮Ȼɣ֮һſŸִྡྷΣʵؼʵţϸ֮ȴʯ֮֮ӣη˵ǽˮǽȻ
һ䡰һ֪ӡΪβǳģҶ诶ı²ɡ
ֻǣ֪ⵯ֮˾һֵĶʱ⾪֮
ԭҶ诶ʲôѾͨˣֻǣѣȻ𣬺ԼԽмʮCDġңϲģױϲģԼϲģɲʲôʲôĶ
ֻǣ֪ôãĻܷܲԣȥ֮ǰȥһ˶壬һԣû뵽ãû˿ʣңҪƬ
Ҷ诶ŵ躣ģеĸУֻǣҪʱֹݵ༸ҪʱҪһչ
ʵ躣ǹ͢ʦǸ֮ģôмΪƽͷձݣǣʱ̫ˣûҶ诶˵ʲôһڴӦº׹ȴݲˡ
Ƕʦûǣһˡһô
ԣ
ֻǣǳܵίʵࡣرǰױЩи޲Ĺ̬
ȻѧģҲȷʵܶࡣ
磬Ƿ
һεĺġֻǣһֱеĺ塣
ڣҶ诶Ժ󣬲֪УУ̸ΪͣţΪ
ȴʱе֪ʶ˽ԺԼУȻʹıָһ¥
ԣҲʱʵʵֹݣ˳ģԳŪ᲻ЦĹǫΪ֡
ȻĳŪ
ǫʵһֵѡ
ǱЩ£ˡҶ诶߹ȥ£һԹǫЦô
ˣЪЪЩ£̸Ҳԡǫƣĵ״ܹһĨϧ
Ҷ诶ҡҡͷû¡˵ɡ
һ˳ǫ˽ӣȴ˵ܽĸֳ
ǫʲô˼躣Ҷ诶£ʱӦ㶮
˵꿴Ҷ诶ϰ壬ڣոտûգǣٲȻ԰ݵλԷƷ֣Ǿζͨ˲ͬô˵Ӧ֪жɹɣȻ˹ǫҿҲһ󹦳
躣ੲݵ˵꣬Ҷ诶һĨЦá
ֿǫû˵ô
ǫҡҡͷĹ඼Ǳ¥ȵģ˽Ժġ˵ǰɹǣǶҪ˵ġԣ꣬ǳ˸мεģϲͿʲôҪ˵ҵˣ԰ǣǻû˸ҡ
Ҷ诶˵ˣЦͺá£ôˣ
ǫͷҶ诶Щɬȴǿڵһᴦõġ
诶Ҹ㵯һɺãԱ躣ǶЩ̸ڵ
Ҷ诶ɣ˵Ƿ躣ٲȻѾһ֪µӣǵһҶ诶
֮Ҷ诶ϹŵЦҲ嵭ĺܡ
ϣҿɿһҵӡ躣̾һǰԼµһʦûʲôһ㣬ƵӣԼһҪ֪жȨԼ࣬Լûƹǣ
ʦ룡ı飬Ҷ诶ЩΣֻЦЦơ
躣ͻȻĳҶ诶գգۣŻǹԣЦ
δ˵꣬һ󼱴ٵǫüߵſڣţ£
ͣҶ诶躣ֻһϸ˵ʲôȴһ䶼û
ţǫɫЩ죬ԥһ£ǿڵ诶¥λΪһλȥһ£ģصġ





035 ֹݣ

Ҷ诶û˵ֻ˵ͷ
ǫҲû˵ʲô˳ȥ
Ҷ诶˫۷ϣǰϣԴ躣ʼɣ
躣һ㶣ȻĶһůӭڹϵ˫־Щ֪ǵһΣԼĸо뵯һģȴǰŮһŪɲáԼУҪľ̬̬Ӱ쵽ˣָηʵ
ҡҡͷ躣ЦˣҲȥʲô¡Ҳ֪ˣ֡
ˣҶ诶üһֱæŴ⣬ƣֵǷɵĺ÷ǣǿһֱմߵģ躣˵ЩʧȴǵͷȥɣϢһ¡
һȥɣһ˶İ躣߽ŵеĵ㣬һæ룬ĵ̫ã̫Ůˡ
´Ҫȥ԰õ¥ɫȴ¶Ц˵诶ѵͲֹݣҪ֪϶¥ˣǸ󰡣
˵Ҷ诶΢΢̧ͷվ߰ɣȥ
躣󣬿һװȴȻסµߣϸȥȴ˼̱õķ顣ٿ̤еĲӣǰ㲻ˡװҲ̫ʧЩ
˳˷ţ¥ĳ󣬿鲢ûִ٣֮˻żҪֳҪ򿪷ţŪ½֪ɣ
ǫѾȥûֹͣ⵹Щˡ԰ǵʵ㲻
ţŲЩһǫǵʲô鷳֮ǰɱʱĺ֢ûдءֹͶʾ޴ֻװԱͻϰﶨλΪߵ֮ɲ˻
¥ҵǼ䳳ֵķ䡣Ҷ诶־ҪţȴһֱֵͻȻߣʲôҲңŸߣǲǳĲҼˣҪ˿£ϳ¥ֵʱСëû
˵ͻȻһתЩ֣ô㻹붯֣ʵ㣬Сˣ¥ôô棬ôˣʲôֹݹֺĻǼԺӲУװʲôϣ
Ҷ诶Ҳ̲סƿţ㿴ǫվһѾŤסһ˵ֱۡ˼һСģʱƷﻹɲģʲôֹݾ͵ű˲˰ɣҿؤˣǼңؤǣ
ץ˵һ㶣ѯĿ⿴ǫ
Ҷ诶Ҳһ㶣ǫĿȴǱк塣
ؤˣǫҶ诶Ŀ⣬һٿˣѾɱ
˰ɣƸŬץס첲֣ЦڸүǸҲü
ű򿪣쳣Ҷ诶躣վſڣҲ˼λ¥ǲĿˡ
֣Ȼ˹עġ
ʱǻҿϰϽǸɣؤɲǺǵġ˵²ͻȻǿǣͿ˼һټ˺ǼƣͲǺǵİ
Ҳ˴Ҫ֣Ͻ͵ؤ˲ϰҲ˲𰡣ֹƣ
ؤʲôˣ
Ҷ诶ϵһѻȸˡ
ؤĴϡĿڳһЩ˵ӣŻҵѡ
ֿҶ诶ʵʲôˣСģǳĲô
ܿЦˣ˱үҲȤ磬㱾үһ£ҾͲƽˡ
ؤ԰Ȼ֪οĴҲǸ뺷ܸɵĺӣ½ⲻһס˲ˡҲΪˣװȴʵҶ诶˲ɲ
˭ܶǫҪ֣Ҷ诶æڣȻǫĴ߬ȭŭ⡣
ĴϣҶ诶κ
ӣȥȴƼ֧ʹһСޣ˵ֵ꣬£Ҷ诶һ֣㱾ү
ǫɫѿ˶ָؽڡǡ˽˶֪ˣѽ
Ҷ诶һʩʩȻ߹ȥ£Ȼ˶档
ô㿴ԵɣҶ诶Ѳ³˸ţȻҪʵһ¡
ˣﻹῼĴҶ诶ţģͬˣ˼ҵզôÿһڣ֪§ڻʲôо
ˣ¥źүң˭֪ˣʲôղ˵ĺģӣ
Ҷ诶վȴֺܿ£ҡͷ㣬ҵ֡
Ȼûף꣬ȴǰӰһѰһƣʱֻǰðȺҺڱʣҲ˿˿
λͷ֪Լ˴ˣģ˭ӣ
Ҳѹѻ𣬱˴ˣȴ֪˭
ǣһ뿪ҪǳζС֣Ҷº֡
ָҶ诶ǲ֪Լ϶Ҷ诶Ѳ˹ϵ
ֻǣ仰˵꣬ݺݵһƴһϡ
һƣȴǰ˵ˡ
ҲϲﲻɾˡҶ诶ҡҡͷ
ϰˣʲô鷳ˣ
Ҷ诶˵ʲôһ¥´
ǫüͷһ壬Ǹϰ˵ȴˡ





036 ؤ

ֵܣϰһϤƸǰ˼֣ȴǶִЩ⡣
ˡŵš¥ֱӵż䣬ϰˣˬһЦϰˣɱʲô£Ҳס
վһԴߵĹǫЦȻֹʣµĻӲʽ˶
ûһֱ֪ˬ֮ˣֻǣʱı飬èһľ£һţͷֱȭͷϸ߸߾𣬿ؤĴ
һ˻Ȼֱֱǫţ
ֻǣﶼ˸飬Īǣ˵еոǿٹصؤǰߵˣҪ֪ûй̶סǴʱĴҲֻǻԵɺϼһΣ˵ߣǰ满Ⱦ촽Լ˧°ȴܿϳοеʺƣҲǱģ³ġ
˵ײβڰȴаֵ顣Ī˵԰вȺͰ۵ڶؤֻ˵ľ书ӢҲԻ˳ؤСؤȻǸ׳Ƴ
ңؤ׳ͬʱؤҲ½Уֻǣ֪µûмϣֻѣȴ֪ǵİͬһˡ԰ǣؤӼСͶƣǲ˵һֻΪˣ˰Сؤܷ˵ϱлַȴҲû˸ȥ۸ǡ
Ȼٲ˻Ļϲ֮ˣֻǣͨµĵڶʧȥؤʸ񡣾ö֮ʹ԰Ǽܱ߳һؤǶԹǫ֮
ҲԶġ֮ˣʲô£ǺġҲˣԽԽԶ
ʱͬʮ棬ǹģĪǸϰˡ
Ѿվʱ˫۴ͣ㶿Źǫûһ˿ɣſڣ֪˱ϻǲܱˣһЩ˻֣ᷢӣɪɪ
ϰˣǣһѡھͰȥӴˣٲ԰ǡ𿴵ǫȻģǴһ飬ȴţԸϰûǵ򣬾ʮİ
Ҳϣٿ۸ŮӡҶ诶ڣȴǲɵļᶨģҲƽϡ
ǡǫȻ΢΢ףģȥҶ诶ڷԸһ㡣ȥ˳Ծı飬תԵһ˶һվҶ诶ԣ

˰ϰȥ⣬Զһ·ΣϰɱŴأŴˡ
ܿ죬һһĲҽ
ǣʲô
ҪˣҪ

ҼʹĽһ䴫ϰ˵ڽ
Ҷ诶֪һϰ˵Ҳ۸ŮӡģҲΪˡΪѾһˡ
Ӧõĳͷ
˺ɫûɫİ컵£ôȻȥҸŮ
ֻǣԵĹǫü֪Ķ˵Ļ޷ôǰԼݡ
һԵ졣ǵİȻĺ˹죬Լڽܳͷ
ǰɣҶ诶ֿڡ֪ǫʵڸԼһжΪؤﻹʲôͳͳҶ诶ġʼڰæֻҪҪģȻܸ
ǡ䲻֪Ϊζ˹֪ԼֻܸҶ诶ʻæͷش
ѣҲա˵⻰Ҷ诶˦䣬뿪ⷿ䡣
֮ԶС˵ʱϵǣĵͷȥҶ诶뿪
ӵĻɼסˣҶ诶󣬹ǫ𽻴š
һѴס
ˣؤӣ
סˡСĲͷϵĺСĿڣϰ˾ȹһΣԣҡұ֤Ҵûаʲô¡
ǫһ˻£Ϊ㻹վ𣿡
˵գ׷Ҷ诶ȥ
һ飬ֻѾʪ͸ԭǰˡôԼˣղϰ˲֪ôǣһ亹





037 Ů

ö˶˵ı£ܡص¥ż䣬躣ε
Ҷ诶˵ֻ£豭һڲˮ
诶Ĳáһ԰ǣҾȻ޲ңȻؤšǫ֪ߣȴ͸ıǸĴӣһȥԺҲϳ͵ġ
ʵѾܺˡ¼䲻ƽ³ǧҵģҶ诶˵Ǹһ˿ǳЦȴЩɬǸӣҲسͷĻ£֪֪߲
룬ֿڵУ㲻˵ġҵĿֻ׬ǮؤˣûȤο㣬ҵѡ
ǫЦֻͷһЩϧЦΪȴǿװЦգѵԼǰͲжαװļǿѡԭԼʼֻѡķӲΪһ˿һ
֪
ֻǣ֪ԼĺѺѣǣҲδֻҪԼһֱߣҸҲһðɣ
ЦͱЦѿˣһ躣ЦĿڣҶ诶ԣͷ˵һѣô𣿺οѾͷˣ𣿡
˵һƲ죬˵ġһ仰˾͡
ӦáҶ诶Ʋһۣƺ˵ĻЩŮ˾ͻñ۸ԩĻŮǸң
躣ҡҡͷʼ磬ªţ˵һСС׹ݣٹˣеŮӣһǿ᣿˵ǾͶñˣǺǣ»ף
²ҪףԣҶ诶޺޵һۣ仰ѿڶ
꣬ɲҪ躣˸ĶҶ诶ݺݵɵԩ±ģҲû˵Ҫֻ֣ܹŮܡ
Ҷ诶ԽԽæ䣬ɲ㰡
ߣҶ诶ѵõǰ¶飬һͨ죬ǰҲ
诶ҪˡǫҲ࣬ı飬ø⶯˿ɰƽʱŮζȻ¶诶诶Ҳȷƽʱļǿǰαװɣ
Ҷ诶һȴơƣһڣ£ֻѹһʯһܡ
ǰˣȴϰߵĽѹȥҡҡͷڵû¡ȥæɣһ˾
躣վĻƺʶﶼڷӣҲδԼĹ͢ʦôһŮƴӡ
ǫһʹ֪ڵǺֵµȨûС˼ˣҲͬ躣һۣת˷š
طŵҶ诶ŷͷĴ£ԴȺϡ
ܵ⣬ʱôҲࡣĵ̾һԼһе塣һŮڹŴҪ֤ԼļֵһܿЦ¡ԼɹΣٶǮΣĳԼǵһλǵĴ˼ҶƤӣԼоͻҷ
⣬ֻŮӵıҲǣʱ˵ı
֨ѽһŽ
˵һ˾һ䣬Կ˿ţҲжԣֱǹǫ躣
诶
һĺʱ̧ԴѸͷϵı飬ʱѾǷƵô
ɬһЦŵһ˲ϵıӰ¼ţĪϧһУİԵɵġ
۾ףͦܵģθˣԲ





038 Ҫ

ɬһЦŵһ˲ϵıӰ¼ţĪϧһУİԵɵġ
ǰһֱӰҶ诶ڻҶ诶诶һΣң㡣
ĻĪҶ诶һ
һΣʲô˼
⣬ûƿԼڻţǿ
ܾã˶û˵
Ҷ诶̾һȻһΣôԼԵͻůɡҲվˣ˸ƣĿٶ
ĴΣһ䣬һỬ㷢ĦҲֻӵûĶ
Բ𡣡
ãͷϷ֣˵Ҷ诶һ㶡ʲô˼ȻԼǸңôϣ
ԲеһУɵİɡҴӶ²ѾʼҴӲ֪⣬˺ô󡣡
ʵҶ诶ͷ˵ʱһֱԱ߾šԵĿ˵ϰǺɫʱɫһ±˻ط̸֪ΪʲôһֱԼ̬ȡԼˣ˲ݰɡ֪ԼŮӣֻһ˶ѡӣĸԼģ
ǣҴӲڡû㣬ôҵŮˣôһֵֿʱ⣿
˵Ҷ诶֪ԼǸԭ룬û뵽үͦʶġȥһʱ⣬ǲмǶʱ⣬ȷʵֻֿһ˰ɣ
ЩȴҲȥ˵ȥʲôͼղţ˵һ
ҳϣϲڲͬϲı죬ϲĸ߰أʹ֪һпֻעİϷٴμ㣬һǲɾҩıҵԵ֣
˵ſҶ诶诶Եô
Ҷ诶濴ı飬̲סꡱЦ㲻ãԵִү˵رĻͿЦ𣿡
һЦһ㶣Ļ򴽣ٴ̧ۿҶ诶诶ġ
û˺˵ĽëóҶ诶˵˻Ҳòﰵ̾ˣĳĺܺá
ȴ֪⣬һôעǰ˵ò
û˵۾ϸϸԼĿ⣬һʱý˵ĻҲȫûоԣûоҶ诶ĻǶôס
Ҳԣү˭󵨵ЩοŮйĹ߶ѣ˵ĻʲôʱĹҶ诶һЦ漴ƿ֣뿪Ļ
Ϊᷴͣû뵽ɬһЦ诶񣬺ϲң
δҶ诶˵ϲģڲ֮ͬǰô취֣֮ԼҲֻΪΪ㣬ǰһʱ䣬취⡣ǣһı䡣
Ҷ诶ȤζĿ˵ÿһ֣ϣܴԼҪĽ֡ϾԼﲻ𡣻֮ǰԼһ˵ʱ򻹲£֮кܶѡܣΪһ֮˽ˡ
Ҫҡ˵⻰ʱ򣬺ָֻһİûǿȣûαװû飬Ҫǣȫȫ⣻ҪǣģҪǡ
˵ǰһҶ诶˫ۣ诶ҽ˵ÿ仰ģҲϣ㣬ؿǡ
Ҷ诶û¶飬ŷ˵Ҫǣİ
ãҶ诶¶һ˿εЦԲ𣬲ҲǣҪǡǡûеġ
۾ûкãʹܡ
һллĹģѾҩӦÿˣǺ







ѡһ֮ǰƪд꣬ͲΪ˸ġҵһ˵ͣʱ򣬺ܶѶʧҲģȻҲٲֱڿѻңǺǣҿ½⣬ΪҲϲģͣҲʧȻҲˡѿҵͼҪˡʵڶԲ𣬾±ͣһµʱ䡣
!
˵ʲôˣʧˡдһƪģĵʱһд꣬ʱͲͣˡ
Բ





039 ˯

ΪҲǲаģҲаҲ֪ʲôǰһжıˣΪ㡣
صˮǣٺ֮˯£Ҷ诶ڴϣ߻źֹݶ˵ÿһ仰
ǰߵʱֻҪʱ䣬һ᲻һڴʱҲĪ㡣뿪ңŭѵ֪ҵʹڷŭΪǵһĵŮˡҸԼӴˣ㡣Ŭֱּ㣬Ҳŷ֣ԭ㲻ģҪǣסҵ㣬ҵı䡣ÿκֿԺ᲻ʱӰÿһ仰ÿһϣһΪ޷˯㣬㲻һָ飬ָ飬֮ܲܳΪأ
Ҷ诶üͷ˿˯Ķӣ̾һĵҴӲ֪Ŀڲôá˵ģһǸŮ˶Ķ
ֻǣҶ诶ףĵģǺǷǰ˵һ仰̧żʱͻȻͷһ诶ˣֻҪҵİһҶԽܡĺӡֻҪˣֻҪԸ⣬һһ㡣
ɷϣһ仰Ҷ诶ǳ𾪡۾ܾã˼˵⻰м֡ͷΪںĿƺĿˡ顱ֶ
ѵһүİԼ
ͱ˵ĺӣҲԽܣ
⣬Щ˼顣
̫⣬ףһʱ޴
ƽͨ˶԰ҲרһοȨү
̾һҡҡͷһ˿Цǡ
νİ顣
νĶݵİ顣
İ
ֻǣݰܳã
һŮӣڲͬǲǾ͸ˣ
˲
İ飬Ҫ
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040 ĬĬİ

֮ԣˣѵûؼҳһηԣ˼ϲԵĲˣһɡϣҶ诶Цӯӯ
Ǽķ˺óԡҶ诶˵Ļؼۣһֱ֮Ϊϲģ˵ǻůůġָо֮й֮޲
磬㶼æЩʲôֵ֮ʣ˵Ŵ˺öҵԼİɣǣʲô
֮ԿҶ诶չЦնԼõ֮ĺ͹ŴıȻǱȲϵġֻǣСһЩܼ¶ѡ
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˵Щ֮ͻȻǰסҶ诶˫磬诶˵֪˽⣬֪Ҳ޷˽⡣ǰڣҶİδı䣬ǣҿҪʲôҿȡʲôҿ¶ļ
Ҷ诶ûж㿪Ŀ֮ʵڳϡΪ֮Զֻǵѣ֮ܳΪ
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诶㣬ҪҽҪҷ㣬һ᲻֪ʲô塭
֮ԣҶ诶Цƿ˫֣֮ԣӦԼԼİ飬ңʲôҲܸ㣬ֺοأ
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û˵֮Բһ𣬸ղţԼȻ֣
诶诶诶
Īģһů
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á֮ԴӦţſȥҪ̤żʱͻȻͷ诶֪֪ҶԣҲһҸҪҸ˳ףôһҸ㣬ô𣿡
ֻǣϣҸԶȥıӰҶ诶





041 »

诶ʲôأô񣿡
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042 »2

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ûȥ׷ֻǿıӰ˼





043 

ûȥ׷ֻǿıӰ˼
úúõһ롣
ʵ׼ʵʩƻʱѾǧ飬ֻǣҶ诶ǰһ޴ֵĸо
Ӳģ㲻ûϴһԲС
ģԼʵûʲô顣
ģһѹ˵ıݡộǰһθеġ
֪Լ˺ǣҲһʼԼ㰮ŮˣԲŻץסţ
ǣһУյصĸʵ
飬İ⣬ѾȫǸӵĸ˰ɣǣѾ˰ѵԼһҲ
ֹˣߵǼˣҲΣ֮رǸȻݹáԼʱϵֻѳ˳ķ˰ɣ

Ϊʲôף
˵Ѿ鰮ô޸˭һģԼүһȲǸΪʲôԸԼأǻҪһƷΪʲôȴԼİ޶ԣǸɱֵһ仰͸ðŴ󲻾ѻմ͵Ӷ˳ȥֻΪ֤Լֻһ
ʵʲô֤ġʵʵģҲ˵ģΪʲôԼֻȤŮѹ·ǰȻƤҲ̧һ¡
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Ȼ߲׷ߣĿǰΪֹǻûһ߽ԣлᡣ
һᰮԼ
δҲֻܺһ
һһ

诶ҵΣ׷̸ȴڲסᡣ
Ҷ诶׷ôͻȻᵽ⣺áүʣҲү˵⡣ҾӪ⣬ĶԺүΣϣүҪ֪֡үܷӦ
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Ҷ诶üǺ棬ңߣҿԴӦ㡣ɲҪǣøġ
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ճУֻһֵζƷʳζҲΪпޣʵʵˡһղνղҲ޷ǣӾˣβմ˻ȫʳѣ֢״صģΣ˵ôҶ诶͵
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㲻ŵĻǾͰν罻άôҶ诶ֻվסҲûѱ֮ģֻǣռν磬μۣ׬ЩӰˡ
Ҳ˵ģ˵ÿ֮ƷμۣڵˡάĻŭ⿪ʼ
۹⣬Ƕء֪ҵ׬ӵģò˵һˡҶ诶ŭ⣬֪ԼղŵĻ˵ˣֵҲֻ׬ǮѡҸղ˵ģ붼ûֻǣ֪͹ˣǿΪġ
ôĿĲ׬ǮΪʲôμֶôͣɻ
׬Ǯ;ֹһҴ׬Ǯ㹻ˣαΪϰأҶ诶ȻüͷȤΪ̲к죬ҿӦøĸģмĪά㿴Σ
诶ʱ鿪Ц˵Ļŭ⾹ȥ˴룬ɣԺν绹ƣҵһЩȥô
˵Ҷ诶ҡͷ
ôͿˣȻ򣬡诶ô֪ģ֪𣿡
ûиκˣ磬˷ֵġҶ诶ԣ£ܽУ򣬷ɡ
ڿδܡһ뵽йҪ׼С
㣬ܴܲӦһ󣿡˵Ҷ诶æڡ
ʲô
Ҫȥ̣𣿡
诶˵ҿΪǹ𣿡ϲԽ
򲻴̣ǻϵ£ΪԸ𣿡Ҷ诶شЩʧЦˣãҴӦ㣬Ҫȥ̣𣿡
ллҶ诶ǳǳһЦ
诶㱣ܣν粻֣֮УûΪĳɷ֣Цϣ̲סʡ
֪ҵҪȴܣôǲ˵Լڲͬģ
ˣֻǲϲ̣ϲʧѪˡҶ诶ҡҡͷοˣһ̣ҵô죿
ϸϸƺǸΪҪһƷ˶Ļǵ֮Ȼ˵Ϊϣ̣ʳβǼһ¿;̰֮ˡ
ô֮ǰһС
ˣǡ
ʱþļҪΪʲô
Ҷ诶Ȼûϵ⣬Ŀ⳯ԶȥβŻش𣬡ȥ£Ҳˡ
ҵ۾شҡģס°ͣԼҡ
֣Ȼ𴦣ȥˣα᣿ûˡ
˵壡ԺͻȻһŽ뿪֮һŽңǲǣ
һỹġҶ诶ͷ
ǣʱûлȥд䶼ûнҾͰϳȥˣǣ֮Žͳˡ
콣üһһôһֻ˵һ£Ǿǽ֮ǰдõġ㵽һȥǲǣ
⻰סļ磬ôЩû뵽ЩҲǹģǲǣĿģΪҸ!˵ĶԲԣԲԣ
ŪˣҶ诶Ŀ⣬˫֣תܡ





044 ϲ

ү֮ǷʩȻҶ诶Ҳһٺ˵ǺȻûɵľηȻЩǾ棬ǣһֱǸ߸ϵү
֮л㣬֪Ļϣ֪޲ԡһӣʾ
֪ү룬֮ʲô֮￪ʼЩңֱģ뵽
诶뿪Ϊʲôֱ⡣
֮һǱүϡ
ģǻԡͳ
Ǹ֮Ҳүȥ诶ɣ֮ìš飬ϣһõĹޣȻԼҲܺãǣܾүǵһѡǷףõĽȻһһôԼҪҪ˵ʵأ
ԥǶ϶飬֮֪ĸң
һ£ֵҶ诶ĸ飬㲻ǲѵ㲻һõĹ𣿡
֮һ㶣͵̧ͷź죬˧Ϊʹࡣ׶ԲţүȻ˵ĻԽ⣬ɡͻȻְԵЩӣĪѾǲɢ
ֻǣ⻰ǾԲʳġ
үʵС㵱ʱǹ˵ЩүģΪʲô뿪֮Ĳ֪ʱ͸¶ôɣӵ£ûǸģ£
⣿ȻԼĲ²ǶԵġ
ô뿪֮һֱ𣿡
ԡ
ôҲǸˣᣬᣡ
ĸˣȻæǸҺͽ뿪֮һ˶һˣ˵Ҫȥһˣԣʱֿ˼졣
ղ㲻˵һֱһ𣿡ɡ
Ǹʱ̫ˣһʱûмүæȥæˡĶӡ
׻жҲ֪ģڴϵֽճȭŭⲻһ㡣
Ϊ뿪Ȼ˵һ
ʲôܹݣʲôֻǹߣʲôѣеһУȻ׫ģ
ĿģֻΪ˼Լŭ⣬뿪
ôĵӻͲԼһŭ֮ɱ
ˣ϶֪Լ᲻ɱģԣ޿ֵ˵Щ
Ȼ֪Լ飬ôһµĵԼЩжôķŭĺʹ࣡
Ϊ뿪ЩȻô׵ľ˵ˣ
úݵģ
ԭԼûһо
ô˺Լ
죬ַǷڷĺȴֻһʹ
֪ΣȴֻԼѹѡ
ԭôİǸˣѾĻĴԼ뿪ֻΪҪȥǸ˰ɣ
ȻǸѾˣǣ诶أȻֻһ˵ĴڣԼһµʱ䣬⣬ӦúŶԣȴ˿ʾҲûС
뵽ȻãģԼԶ
Ǯׯ⣬Ϊ˹ټҵļðΣҶ诶ʵʩһϵŻߣҵչŴҵܣǮׯϡ
죬ףǮׯҵļաϣˮͷﶼˣ̶ʱ䣬Ҷ诶һŮӳɾһⳡϵ񻰡
ôһҶ诶߹ʵܶ˵밲أ
̧ͷû˵
𣿡Ҷ诶鲻ˣĵҲԣЩӣһֱæµţӦҲˡȥϢһ°ɣˣҺǽһ¡
ҲԼ𣿺ȻĬ
Ҷ诶ˣЩ֡
ЩӣΪϵæʵҽԼߡʱûһ˵ʱὲЦԼ֮ĬţңԼĿ⣬ƽʱ̫һ
㣬ôˣСĵĶͷҪҪþһ
ڣǹ𣿡һӴԼȴûаֵϲá
㵽ôˣ㣬֡Ҷ诶ûкķŭü΢򭡣
һ˵㲻㣬Ϣһ°ɣָֻ˳ĬҶ诶̧׼뿪
ת֮󣬺ȴһץס֡
Ҷ诶ͷ
̧ͷϲơ





001 Ҳ֪

Ϊ뿪ƭ
Ҳ˵˺
ԭʲôΪˣ
ô֪֪ʱԼʹ
ѵԼľһҲֵ
⣬ůġҶ诶򵥵İͷ黨ǰһԽ黨СްԵ˼ִʹ
ǰ£ιһȺѼһ߰ˡ
֣ĸվǰҶ֮Ŷ衣
һĻܰ
ʱںȴ˵ʹ
ìţףòúʸ
ô˺Լ
ǣ¡
ͷ˵ǵġ
ϣ˵֪Ŀѡ뿪ֻΪȥˡ
ʣԼͬᡣ
ʲôʱԼìܹ
һСС⣬ȻԼ
û뿪ԼҲк˰ɣҲ񷲶ôɰô˧ϲɣ
ǣûиԼᡣ
ôãӦ֪һЩ顣ƩԼʮ֮ǰƩӻ֮󶼻ᱻ
֪֪ѿǹ⣬ˣ򲻻ġдһۣ϶׼¡
ǣһлûʼȥˡ
ڴеĺӣΪӰ
ǰһӣü֮ζ֮Ѫ⣬ֹ֮䣬Ϣ
̧ȥǸܣһֽҸĹΡ
һУȴ
ңԺ̸̸𣿡֪ʱҶ诶վԡ
ӳ˼̧ͷԼŵߣ£
£Իȥ£ͺˡҶ诶£ᡣ
⼸գĺͬĬʱԼͷףʲô
ҡͷûõôθ飬ô뿪أ
ǸʮƱһ¡ԥţҶ诶ݳеƱ
֮ԥΪ֪⼸Щʱ˵£֪ϲʡ
ǴլӵѾˣǹǫ͹ġ˵Ź£Ȼûо
ⲻǮǣǵ֮Լ㻹ǵ𣿡Ҷ诶ѵ
֮Լüû
ǰ𣿡
ôϣһ𣿡Ļɵģġ֮ԼڸƱǲǴϣЩƲϵӴ޹ϸ
ֻǣǷʲôҶ诶ִĵݳϵƱ
첻ȥѵÿǷ𣿡
ڰָǴ뿪Լ˺
Ҷ诶ԶԼϷķɣû
㣬ûҵ𣿡仰ʳڡ
Ҷ诶һ㶣û뵽ʳ⡣
뿪֮ʱ˵ĻΥĵİɣ쿴ӣв׽ʲôô뿪ңϧϧ˵Щ˺ĵĻ㣬ûҵʱĸܣ
ĿԣҶ诶Ŀʹûɵʹһ£æƿĿ⣬Բ𣬿ǵʱ벻İ취
֪Щҡ˫ЩԼʹԭһȴֻԴһԣľôңҪ뷽跨뿪
ͻȻ˫ۣЦһΪԼһƬжȴû뵽㾹֮ˣñ˵ĸﵽԼĿģ㣬ĺúģ
ĻʱҶ诶һƬ֮УеƱһȴ˷ڵӣһʹ֪ѹ뿪ֻǣӺʱĸ龹֮ˣǺһֻůĹ
ԲĲ֪Ϊֻڶв۵һҪ뿪һӦԣҲŻ뵽Ǹ취˵Щֻ˵ӶѣΪүϣҲһ뿪Ĳ֪
㲻֪ô㾹Ȼ˵㲻֪ŭ⿪ʼӿһץסҶ诶ֱۣ㣬ҾûŮ˻Ϊһ̸ҳϣŮ˵ȷֻҪĹߣǣ֪֪ЩŮˣҴûзŹϣҲ꺮ůһǲסǵ֣ǣҶأ˵Ҫұҧȥ㣬ҹҺ۵չ㣬Уʱ֪ʲô⣬ɱĶУҪʱҲʱʱĸܣʹ᲻üҵҲʹҧ´ʹʱһֱԼ쵰ģûҪһŮҪô࣡˵ʲô˵ֻǲ۵һ˵ʲôڶеһڷ𣿷°˼ҰޣҾҰޣҲù˼ĸܣҲŮ֮ĽƾʲôҪôȻҰޣھҪ㣡
˵꣬һסҶ诶Ĵȥ
֮
ǸɫүΪʲô˵һ
⣬ʲô˼
ΪԼô
ǣԼȴӲ֪Ҳֻ˱䳰ȷˣ

Ҷ诶Ժһ˲ɸʺţֱžԼȻֱǿˡ
㡭ſ
ķֻǣʢŭе˵ֵһᡣ
жãжã
ķҷϢʹӾǣʹһУֻĶ
Ҷ诶ķûʹѣӵķ񣬴˳»ȥ
䣬䡣
Ȼһͯɵɹͣ˶
壬ʲôҶ̧֮ͷֵĿԼǸ˧ˡ
Ҷ诶ٶ뿪ĻϢȻ󣬻һЦӵû£߰ɣ
壬һ𡣡Ҷ֮СŴĺ죬ȥԷ
ճȭ׵ļԼڲԷԵģĳŮˡ
ǣҶ诶ѻָƽ֪ԼҪģһͰˮ
߰ɡҶ诶վǣ֮С֣㺣壬¡
Ҷ֮µĵͷݰݡ
һµСʹƻĺ£Ҳܺ޵
Ͼֻһĺӡ
ȻȥҶдôһԼӴǻǷ쿴ıӰͻȻڵǣҲûйϸˣ¿ʼ㣬Ӳġ
Ҷ诶һ£ͷȥֻҴȥӰ
Ǹϴ䡣





002 

ϣٵĺϴЩķŭֹΪҪǣô˼ˣǴ˿ӦæòɿŶ԰
ɢӦ󣬹뿪ҽݵԷ𣿡ڣһеͷС
诶˵һܿϢաɽЪ࣬£Ȳ㷲Էղɷˡ֮ԼϣϴųЦ
һԺΪڣʵȴǴ诶⣬Ǳɡ
ˣҲÿѯʡ˵ҲиֵԼֻǣҪýάĹǲС诶ֻһ˵ģݱ죿
诶㻹ǵ÷һѧᷭʱû뵽ת֮ѾôˡЦ
Ҷ诶չЦգĸԵĹԣȻǵãһλһοڽ衭תۣҲˡ
ǰһοڽҹŵ龰ǷһǫҲп
Ҹʱ򣬷ô󣬡ֱ֮Ȼţ㿴ڶôˡ϶Ǹ¸ҵӺ
һߡױǡôŮˣΪʲôҪ诶
ֻǣҲ룬ǡǡҲôΪġ
ԺҵһѰ֮ӹﱧھͽС
ʲôŵԺ诶޸ĵֻһˣǾ죡
֮Сź죬ȻҲϲ壬ǣΪʲôҪԼأתԼĸףѯʵ䣿
үʲôЦҶ诶ЦݣȻӿһɿ־壬ʲôݣô˽үأ
ݣҲ֪ʲôʱݵλˣ첻ˬΪʲôǿĸɵأ
֮ʡҶ诶˵ʲôִֻӺ컳֮ӹ§סӣ˻ıһ㡣
˰һ
ָûȤɫʱѿʵ֣Ӳ诶Ļôɶ£ĺϲģҲȱ㡣
ٿһ۶诶ˣĻ¾ԹȥҽάôôôУһܾȻϢ죡
ãΪ̲к족ĽԾģЦʱ䶼ûУ˵İŮЦˣ
诶ҿʹʱʼ̷ҽɣ죬ü򵥵ҽ㿴ôͻȻ˵
Ҷ诶ҡͷ꣬СЩɣο֪ûȤѧ
ʦ˵ҲͿʼѧˣô϶ЩżˣϾЩӺһֱߣٲ취Լᱻ͵ߡ
ҽνҵǾ÷ҪʼϰˡΪжûһգ诶Ϊأǫ󣬡ο̫ȭһ÷أ
ԾģҶ诶˿졣
ٵȵȰɣߣҶ诶ͻȻԼЩ̡ϾǷĸס
ԹȥԣͻȻðһ䡣
ŶúãҪȥҪȥһֱûпǻ֮ͻȻֽкãֳҶ诶䣬䣬Ҳȥ
Ȼޱơ
ɨһۣﰵЦߣǲ
ΪʲôʣԹǼ㲻뿪ˣֻһڡͻȻʵ
ûΪʲôֻǾòʡʵ֣Ҷ诶ȴڵһʱеĲʲô
˿ĸɵΪʲôԣЩˡѵԼķıȲˣ
ΪʲôҪôأҶ诶ǰһ·СܵĶӣСĵĻش𣬡ҪٸӶеģαغأ
һ˫ء
ôǺأĽͣȻúŷֻһ۰˶ѣ
ѵͲ۰𣿡óûΪͱľų෴Էһֱ۰мӣƺҲ顣ѵ޷𣿿ǣҲ֪ԷãǲΪԼ
ͻȻվֱϲˣûɡͬҲϲˣҲϲ
֪ˡᰮݼڡǸ԰ɣ
ǣԽҵ𣿡ڴing
͹ǫǷСģǣڴˣͻȻĿڣ᲻ӦҶ诶򴽣һõɡ
㻹Ϊֺϲģ𣿡ᵽˣûɵһ
⻰˵Ҷ诶ıͻȻ棬ǶԷǷĵ۰㣬ֻ಻١ûңᰮŷ
һÿɷ
壬Ҫץϻܹ֮վǰе
쿴һҶ诶ûк˵һֻϻأ
֮۾Ҷ诶䣬𣿡
Ҷ诶ͷ𰢱ӿһ˸С
ڿɺã
ͻȻģʧӰͬԼȥͬԼİĳеһ˲֮ȫʧ
ٿ֮ĪĿ־ҲӣӦ䣬ԶҪ뿪䣬𣿡
Ҷ֮ɵĵͷ䣬Ҳ뿪ġ
ĿҶ诶ôͻȻ˵һ仰ҲⵣǴӺζ֮Ķӣô뿪أ
䣬㻹ûңϻأʲôط֮ʯĹâ
ؼˡҶ诶
Ҷ֮СԴŶҺ뿴ϻ
ҴȥңһѱСӣֹϻʨӣҰӣöأ
ţáҶ֮ѿС죬Цˡ
ǵıӰҶ诶ﲻ֪ʲôζΪһֱԺĴǸΣԣŻסµⶰլȻԺΪģ̨ͤ¥Сˮһ٣ңҶ诶һһ˵ȶ˹ֻǣǶйסʱ޼ʱ䣬ǺҶ诶֮ദȻҲǺ쵱Ŀġ
ͷӴԽԷҶ诶Ȼĳʱ룬÷Զ뺣졣ǣݲġһһΣԼϾĺӣͯ꣬Ӧߡ
ԼİֶܼأгһһԼõŮӣȻ
ʱһб㶼ˣ
ôʱǸӣúõദɣ





003 շ

һȥǫ֮Ҷ诶ʱԽԽ٣չҵӵ棬ÿĹæòɿĪ˵ÿϢ죬Ǻ޲һ쵱áȻ⼸ЩˣһǺĹǣȴûһҪһУΪ诶ʲôҲΪ诶ǻʲôʸأ
Ҷ诶ҲھһĵȴǸүȥӡ
ʱһ˴ڷ䣬⻹ʲôطǲģοչԼءŴѵʱǸӣʱ䣬Ǿɣ
ԽԽˣҶ诶˽ϵ磬վЬ̧˴
˫һȲ裬ŵĴţһڣֻȫȺģţСʹҲ˺ܶࡣ
Դӷ˹ƵҩʹƺѾԶȥˡǣҲͣҩԭҲΪ̫ԭһΣСֿʼʹ
䣡
۵ͯ𣬽ţǼ
Ĳ豭ŵߡ
ܿ죬һɵӰ˽ֻǣһߴӰ
䣬˯֮Ҷ诶ڴߣֵʵ
ĺҲһ㶡
ô𣿡߹ȥָĶϡ
ûУֻϢһ¡ҡҡͷ˳ƶ㿪֣֮ȥʲôˣ
䣬֮СֵҪͺѧ书˾ͿԱˣ
˵ģҶ诶򺣰죬ȻĻģǣΪһĺӿ˵Ļ
ͷ֮ͷЦܹԡ
һʹСҶ诶ü𣬷ڱ˫ֲɵõ˸
ô𣿡ˣС
ûСҶ诶ҡͷȴԾҪȥҾЩҩˡ
Լȥ棬лҪ˵Է
ͷҶ诶䣬ȥˡ
뿪Ҷ诶ɻĿ򺣰죬ô£
ڴô
Ҷ诶æתߣŵǸ緹Ӧÿ׼ˣҶˣȥԷɣ
˵ţ׼ƿ´
һסһĨǳǳЦһ˿Ρ诶ģôųң
ˡҶ诶ס֣ȴо¸ʹԽԽˡ
üԽԽԲ˵ִӴߵıȥֱС
㡭ֹҶ诶ȴоһСӿ֮ʹһᣬʧȡ֮ģһů
𶯣ҿ԰㣬һ𣿡ѵ
ղţں𣿡üչŵ٩
һ˵Ҷ诶ʱҲʼˡ
ôʹ𣿡Ĵ֮ﾹһ˿ŭ⣬Ҫ
Ҷ诶̾һεֱӣٶ
ǵǴ𣿡΢΢̧ͷ죬ҲΪֹʹһУǷһ㡣
ˡҶ诶㿪ߣԼƽлл㣬Ҳʹˡ
֪ǵһ˵ŮˡĻһʹ
ʱһ㵱򣬵£һḶҽƷѡůһһߵȥ˵ĻȴȻ˱䡣
Ĵֶһ£ȴû˵ʲôԼΪů
û˵Ҷ诶Щ֣ԾĿȴһ˫˫Լɵ϶ܿó
Ǹæ㿪Ŀ⣬ҲԾƿЩҺöˣлл
ҡ´ݵ㣬诶𣿡
һ̣Ҷ诶ͻȻЩȻ˳ͷ򵽶ֳǽǿһЩګګڣңллǡ
δ˵꣬һȵĴѶ죬󾪣ֻۿǰ˫ͻȻŴĿһʱƿ
ȥƽۣŰŰԵѾڵһʱ俪ʼˡɨıݣֺҸһ£ţö֮ĻĿڣСһ
һ˲䣬ʵܶ¡
Ʃ磬һǡ
ֻһ˲˹ֻǣˣѾǸ˧ռȥ
ƿ׵ƿЩŭ⣬ôӦʲô˵ǿңôԳȥҲ㣡
ε̫ѨŸߢôͽˣԼĶ̫ˣ´ΣҪӿٶȲС
𣿡ŭ⣬Ŀɨĸ
ܡҶ诶߱ӣסȥ˴ϣȥҲ뿴㡣
ȻˣǣҲӦʲôЩƾʲôԼ
ãھߣһԸһЩʺϳԵġƺټƽǣһºתЦ诶Ҫҽҩǣˣ
㣡Ҷ诶һƿӣŭĿ˵ʲô
ߵűߣЦ͵ȵè˵´㻹һҪҰΡ´εҽҩѣҪһЩŶ
Ҷ诶ͷ֮ǰӡ





004 ʲô

һͬľһ㣬ҸϪˮƮͬůִŶĤ͵ԣʱֻһůůܣߣСȪˮδлʢкͯϷ
ãţʧ
Ҷ诶˫ۣСȪˮ·ڶߣǣӳģȴһ˧
Σ躣ڴʡ
ůܰҶ诶͸¶һУ棬δȥ
һΪġ躣£ԣֻһˣҲֻΪһ˵࣬ô
Ҷ诶Ťͷı漴棬ûиж
õ֣Ӧ˵ġҶ诶ǳЦһˣ̫˷ˡ
ι̫ӦˣЦһ˲Щʧģ躣еôôòգôԷɸô飿Ҫ֪ҿɲūۣ
ô˵Ĺ𣿡Ҷ诶ֵ˭ģ
躣ƲƲ죬ȴҲ֮У㲻֪
Ҷ诶ҡͷ
ˡ躣Ҳҡͷ˵Ҳ˵
죿Ҷ诶ü
躣һЦÿɷ
㲻֪ҲյϰƾʲôģҶ诶ɡ
躣һۣү
үǰүҶ诶Щ˵ȴε
ˣôûһֱ𣿡ǫ˵죬ֹ飬ңǧһʱҶ诶ҲᱻԸɵȥ죬躣ȴɵļ⣬֡
£ȥˡҶ诶͵
һˡ躣һ漴ܵǸСأ
͸ǸСŮȥˡҶ诶躣ǲ£ֻǵΪҵɣ
Ȼǡ˵ǣ£һҵĹû˲Ͼÿôӣۡ
𣿡Ҷ诶ЦЦҸˣ㣬µһʦܼ£˰ɣ
ңҪн𣿡躣һ˫ÿһŲ׷㺡
㲻֪ϰģ仰𣿡ѵõĿЦҶ诶ûж㿪ߡ
诶֪֪ЦĺЦ绨躣̲ס޳ָḧ
ҡš֣
Ҷ诶һֵ쳹
躣Ҳһ㶣Ƶջֱ֣ӣһŭĺ죬ϣǸӣ±úһжģү
˵ĻЦߣһѰҶ诶뻳躣㣬˿𣡡
գӽҶ诶Ψһ;뿪ﻹлᣡˣԶñ˵ߣ
躣űڻҶ诶飬ޱˣ躣ˡ
˵꣬תȥ
ڵϷΪʲôûж㿪˶ãǶ̸ʲôĴ⣬ֵּһ㣬ģ˺òã㣬ҲԱ𣿡
һʼ뻳ͿʼҶ诶Ļһ죡ǳԴҩΪʲôһĪ˶ã̸ʲôΪʲôҪ㣡ʲôˣУƾʲô§ң˵һΣſңûУ
ǳԴҩˣҳԴҩŻᰮŮˣҳԴҩ˲ŻᱻԵߵҳԴҩ˲ǲɢеӣҳԴҩ˲Ϊ˵˵ӣҳԴҩ˲Ī£ͻȻſ̯˫֣Ъ˹ĳҶ诶ûҳԴףҼʣұǻãܣΪҳԴҩ˵˰ɣ
˵Щ󲽣ԽǰҶ诶ЩǱĳǰȥ
ȵȣҶ诶ګګĿڡղһ˲סˡȻʶƢǣ죬оʲôطһ
ǲʲô£ͣµıӰڣ£Բԣ
תղŻŭ˫۴ʱȴװ飬ʹ顣
ңʲôˣ𣿡һμˣҶ诶ͻȻЩӦ첽ߵߣûз֣Լᡣ
춨û˵ֻǿ·ҪԼ˫
诶ģҵĴ𣿡ãͳĿڣҵİҵĸ飬ҸһУǴ𣿡
Ҷ诶˵
ȷǣ֪˵ʲô
ͻȻЦˣЦżֿɬżΣż˵ɣҴûȥһˡΪûоԣҲ֪ôȥҲΪɣܶ£ҵȷˡ
Բ𡣡֣סļ磬ȴڰ£գ³֡
ĻһһҶ诶
һΣô
һΣʹࡣ
һΣ˽֮
غҵǸֱֱüͻȻƽĳ嶯
诶ˣΪ𣿡ͻȻðһ仰
˵ʲôֱģҶ诶仰
Цˣˣġ
ЦĪҶ诶ʼ죬ţҲ֪㷢ʲô£ǣҪ㣬ΣҪҺúûȥ˵ȷǣΪҪϵ𣿡ǣȻţͲΪΪΣΪʹΪΪܶܶءûˣЩˣжôģʹΪ룬Ҳ׵˵ڣ
ؿڣ͵һүȴ˵
˵ЩžԼΪλ˴ķӦ
һֱ˫ƿﰵİһйΪ֮׵Եʡ
;ϲȴûκζֻôģĿղΪ΢΢ЩǺ
û㰮֮ǰôãͷ˵
΢һ̧ͷÿһĨϤĻЦʱ죬ˣ𣿡
ô᣿忿һЩЦĻԽԽ󣬡ôˣ㣿
ղŵĻʲô˼һ֪𰸵Ҷ诶ƺԽԽ
أȷԵǻĵİֻ
ʲô˼ĪģЩ
һأԣҪúõĲң֪𣿡ûش𣬶ǺȻҶ诶㷢֮䡣




005 Ϊοּ

䡭ʲô
Ҷ诶ž֪ʲôʱԼͺ쾹ӵһȻӲʲôʵ̫ˣԼôˣ
æƿװ˳˳Լ㷢ԼĶӣЦˡ
壬Ǻܺó𣿡֮촽תת飬ΪʲôûҳԹ
ôûԹǣӣһ˿硣
Ҷ֮ͷһ档
ȥ򡣡ûɵһۡ
һ¡Ҷ诶ֹǶݲãԣҲϰߡ
˵ʲôСӶǰվֵĿ
Ҷ诶ͷԼĶӣʵ𣿡
Ҷ֮ʿڿˮͷţ䣬ղһ˺ö࣬ǣǲ÷ԡ
ǲ۸ˣǲǺ𣿡Ҷ诶ֵסڸһСŮ֮Ǿһ档
ҡҡͷû۸Ǹ粻ҳԡ
һץ֮С֣ǲ۸ˣ۸ˣҿǻˣ
ǺӣôƽʲôҶ诶סУԸǳԣҪӦ䣬һԶԣ֪𣿡
ܸУǣߺӡ֪ں˵ĲƸǽʳǸڵ͸𣬳ΪһӺ
֮ͷ˶Թǵڴ
ں£֮һҶ诶˼ţһ֣ǣȻǺ졣
һ·ϣֻ֮ߴߴĺͺʲôҶ诶ȴһֱĬ
ȥ
ǣһ𣬸оһˡǣǣˣǺ졣
ǣһ˷ֲ֮ܵ̿ڡεЦЦοԼһУֻΪ˷
Цĺ죬һֹԸʲôˣ򣬻ױᡣ
үհ
ţһЩ̶˹
ʲôʲôҶ诶ü̧ͷ˹ȥ
ֻǰվһˣʮͣͨȴһϺõ޳У˵ĿҶ诶жϣֻ˷Ǹ
Ҳ𣿡ͬѡ
λǣΪɻЩ޵Ŀ⿴Ҷ诶
£ȸˡ콣üһ֮׼뿪
㿹ּԭ򣿡Ϊĺ룬ȻҶ诶
ĽŲ֮֮ͣǣҶ诶˺ĬԽˣǰȥ
˵ּʲô˼뿪һξ룬Ҷ诶żʵ
ǵʺĸףڳΪٶ꣬Ϊү쿴һۣڡ
Ҷ诶ֱ˺֮ǰ˵ġйϵﲻһţź˵ȥȴ쾹û˵һ仰
㣬Ϊʲôּʥּʲô£һ˼ʵ
诶Ϊʲô֪ͻȻʵ
Ҷ诶һ㶣û뵽ʣһʱ֪𣬡ңֻǺܺ棬ԣѡ
Ļڴĺһ֮ǰＤ˵Լȥ˵ĻܶమģϲΪվЩϲԼġǣѵһֻĺ
ӵµˣʵĵһˣҪʱʱ̵̿ԼĽɽᱻߡĿڡ
Ҷ诶üôͻȻԼ˵Щ
黢ʹûҰģδ棬ǣǸνҲẦ¡
˵ʲô
ҵرҵȨ㳯ҰҵĸɵйʳѰǣô֪һҰҪµĻôᱻһŮǣ
Ҷ诶ǣ֮ͻȻһͻȻ˵ȥˡ
Ǹ֪ļҵĹǺó𣿡ִٵʡ
һ㶣ţվסֱۣ㣬ںʲô
£ΪʲôҪ£Ҷ诶ǳǳЦ
ûк£ΪʲôҰѻ˵ꣿ
˵ЩҲȤѡҶ诶ʼ磬οǵģ𣿡
ѵҵ缸𣿡ûмֱ飬ȴʼ
Ҷ诶ҡҡͷͷ˼̧ͷ˵ɣʲôּ
ҵӶˣ֪ɣ
ͷ
Уմ͵Ůӡ
ͷ
ģһͼ
š
ΪңҲ˵߰һӣһߣԣּȢʺãҲǸղǸ˵СŮ
𣿡
ΪҵմһƷˡ





006 Ϊοּ2

ΪҵմһƷˡ
ܺð
ֱ۾ܺ𣿡
ߣ𣿡
ҡҡͷá
òª
˵ɡ
ײ
£֪
Ϊնƶʣ
˵˳޻ġ
ΪʲôãŮӣڶеô
Ϊʲôã֪ġ׽ߣ뿴ʲô
ܾǰִⲻȥ
ǲоܾǽпּ
Ҷ诶Цһ£ǰǵӣ˭Υ
ҸҡͻȻɿ֣֮סļԼֻҪ㿪ڣҾȢ
֪Ҳ˵ʲôġҶ诶ʧ䣬ȻҲʧӺζЦοȢȢԼ¡˾Ȣ˾Ϳּˡ
ԹгòΪּ𣿡۾̾һּﵱնסһֻ³й֮Ա¶ⲻһ
ңӲǣܲǶԵİɣѵȢʲôҲҪܣҶ诶ͻȻһŭ⡣
㶿βſڣ诶ô˵ҿԵǲԸȢ𣿡
һ£Ҷ诶ӣſڵֻǾ¡
һ£ſ˫磬˫ۣ֪ΪʲôּȴһĻԸ˵𣿡
˵ģ˵ˡҶ诶ѹԼͻȻûɵʹȻ˵ҪģҸҲûжԸ
ôȢһоҲû𣿡۾ͼѰʲô
ˣҹϲ㡣ϸ֮˻Ŀŵ⣬ֻǴʱѾע⵽
ϲֻһһ¿ʼÿյģͻȻֻϵɰԵճȭ㹧ϲңѵǣһŮ˵ְóף§ұҺͬҺϦദҺ
˵ǰȻȴȻݵվ˵ȥˡִЩȴоҪȥû˵ʲôѾתӴ󲽳ǰȥ
ŮˣûûΪʲôԼһƬǰȴһмˡѵ֪ԼǶôǸԼǣֵŮϵŮͬ齶ߵŮһеһУ
һжûˣ
˵Ļ֤һУ
ӵǣϢڣΪʲôȴָоͻȻôԶ
ѵһУԼĴ
ԼðŮˣ
ǣģͰˣԼ˳
׵ȴأ
ǿΪΪģָúȥδӣ
һ̣תߵжȻۿʪȣͷʹ
塣
һģЩڱıһͦúֱ
Ҫ𣿡һֱûпڵ֮ĿıӰǣΪʲôף
ں˵ʲô
Ҷ诶еס죬ȴһĿǰǸ˵Ĳһ¡
Ҷ֮ӳҶ诶ĻСǰ׷ȥߣСסĴȭ壬Ҫȥ㲻ŷȥ𣿻УˣͲ۷ˣǲǣ
һֻƺһ˿ů˽ӣԶ㰮㣬Զı䣡
Щһӣȴ޷˵ڡ
ʹ֪Ǹ˵ĺӣ㣬ǣ㣬ĪĻỶϲ۰㣬ʱҴʹҵĺӸжãҪһ磡
ΪϲŮ˵ĺӣֻǵϲ㣬׽㣡
֮Ե֣
һСվ廹£ˡԺʱ塣
ɿС֣ҲƵ뿪
䡣Ҷֵ֮ĿԶȥıӰĿصͬЩϡ
ŶҶ诶عЩľȻӵ֣ΰĳǰȥ
䣬ǹȥˡ֮С˵
šҶ诶ӦţŲȴͣ
䡣֮˦˦֡
ţôˣͷֵĿ
ָָ֮һС̯䣬йǡ
ŶҶ诶ϼһ˿ЦݣŶӵ֣תǰС
Ҷ̧֮ͷԼĸףֵͷ·֪СԴתʲô˼
ЩһЩ˯ԽԽ٣ԭÿ컹˯ʮСʱȴ˯ʮһСʱϺֻÿҪŲȥˣʱҹ¶Ű˯棬ȴȻδһֻ̣ԼĺְܲǸЩɣ





007 ϲ֮

һһ죬ۡԷʱ˯䣬㻶ϲĿյ㱯˵ļ϶ʱĵţϢֻǣֺڣԲȱŻпŶһ죻Ŷһ¡
ûһһķŹâɫҹĻͬΪ˿һǹĵ׺է֮£ʯĹâҪǣΪ˵ۣȴģ
Ҷ诶ڴǰʱ䣬ҵøӳɹĵףȴûǷݳɹϲСȻʹ
һУûи߹֪Ϊʲôÿһεʹⲻȴĥ˵ʹƺźţţŬѰů
Ǹˣ
ġҶ诶ü֣ȴ򸹲ȥ
Ϊÿµʹ
ֻߣҪСŻʹ
ҡҡͷȥÿĥԼ⡣ÿΣûд𰸣
ңӦúܺðɣ
Ӧ˻ϵĴͻ飬Ȣ绨ˣ˵͢˺ܶ챦˺ܶѾū澣˺ܶũء
˵Ǹǳ˵֮ΪΪ׳۵ġ
˵죬ɹٺҸǸһ˵ү˻ϲĲ֪ʲôֻ֪ȾƵɵˡ
˵ǻྴٰüҸ
˵ѹ˶֮꣬׼Ҫˡ
˵
ϵǺܶ࣬ǣƺûϢࡣ
ϵǺǣΪʲôȴȻ
ԼһԼԶԼˣοģԼ˵飬̣ܶ𣿿ǣΪʲô뿪ʱԼĻʹΪʲôʱûһδεʧ䣿ΪʲôϢƵܣ
ΪǷĸ
Ů˰վǿƲԼģ
Լվ˸о
ŮӸĺ
ԼӦ£ԼʱҲ赱һ㣬乬ѻɣ
Һãܾİ
ݶαİ
ҵġǣΪʲô뵽ã䣡
磬ϵ·ֹһЩ
ЩˣӦЩ˯ˣϾǸϲӡ̧ͷǶֶˡ
ϲϲ
ϲϲ
ϲϲԵ
ϰ壬ϰ壬ϰ壬
ϰ壬ϲ
ͬϲͬϲ룡
ﲻĺϲٽʱһ䣬֮ߵ˵䣬תݣȴתһ˲۽⿴һĨǳ̡عͷȥȻǸϤӰüȴĳԷͷȻתݡ
֮𣿡Ҷ诶֣һ޸пû뵽ô죬ҪˡһֱΪҵûСǣȴҪΪ˸ˡ
㡣֮￿Ҷ诶ļϣỨ᲻㡣
ɵϣֲǺԶҶ诶һ±ӣֻͻȻģˣʱȥ㣬οҲԹҰ
ô˵Ҷ诶ȲӦͷȥȴѾͷʶȻڿˡ
ɵãϲӣôԿأһ۾ˣɹٻΪ۸أҶ诶СĵĲϵΡ
㣬ңҲ뿪֮વ
ǺãǾԶڽߣҪ޺ˡҶ诶ЦֻǣҵҪһˡ
ȥɣҲˣ֮ͻȻ˵Ҷ诶ס
֮ģһܺãҸҶ诶ֻۿһȣæ̧ͷԣӦңһҲҪҸòã
̧֮ͷۣ㣬ʵаģ𣿡
Ҷ诶һ㶣ͷĿ⣬֮ҵȻаҰеˣϣǶҸ
ڣл𣿡֮ڴ˵ү𣿡
Ҷ诶㿪Ŀ⣬֮ں˵ʲô
㣬֪˵ʲôȻ˵ںҸǣΪʲôֻһҸĺӣһวôãӦҪҸġô㣬룬֪ĺӣһᡭ
֮Ӧʲô𣿡Ҷ诶ͻȻĻӦңԶ˵ȥġ
ǣ֪֪֮ҲЩżˣһôõʱ䣬˽⣬ҲԽԽˡģǣΪʲô
Ҷ诶̾һ֮Ѹͷʱ쵽ˡ
֮￴û˵ʲôԹţѸͷͷϡ
Ҷ诶ٴס֣¶һ˿ƣֻ꣬ǣ˿




008 ϲ֮2

վһԣЦϲŮӲ֮߳䣬ǰõĴȥҶ诶Ųں档
ĳļ£ĸͷϣϣϣһƬҫ۵ĺ졣һƬУżϲãףĻ֮ߵˣȥ
һأӴͶϡ
ݸãӴྴ
޶԰ݣӴ˱˫ɡ
һϲЦ⣬˫˫ʼֻ֮һˡ
ʹ֮ţǸͷ棬ӦҲһЦ绨ݡ
Ҷ诶ͷڹϯɵľơ
诶˻
תͷˡ
ɻǵã꣬СߣľҲ
ҡҡͷֹ˵ȥ
գܸˡ
ԣԸȥЩ
ˡ
һϲվж˼˹ġϾ̳ĥƭ˵ġڵ˼ֳ죬˼أѲǵǸľɵĺӡ
ͣʲôҲ˵ֻϣһһĴ֮Ҷ诶վһ˶վ
͵Ŀ⿴еͶ֮һǣҺ;ٻعͷޱȵļᶨȷϣС㣬һҲܸõģǣһõģ
Ҷ诶Цͷһơ
ұ󣬻Цһжôܰôĺг
;ϣʽʼڼ䣬Ҷ诶ƵﲻȫǸ߿ɱ˵۹⡣
죬˵
޻˵ҲûжֻǿЩƵ˵۹
ֻǣ۹ޱȾ޴ʲôЩͣϵĻ顣ﶼ⼸꣬鲼ȫҶϲҵϰ壬ϯλŮӣܾһƣ̸һ׮⣬˵ɱ˵ˣʹĵ˰Σ
ǣûгʲôһһĺȾƣϣʼֵģȴܾǧǳЦ
һ̣ǺܾǰԼĳɾͣдһŮӵĴ¡Щ˵ѲŮӵӺȡ֮ģޱȵ𾴺;
ֻѲһŮˣΪһ񡣶ľһⳡϵ񻰡
㲻ٺˡٿȥվľƱ
üΪʲôҺȡȾԺСʹˡ
ְѾƱ˵ˣˣ
ѾˡûĻԼЦЦøɾõǫһĨϧסֱۣȥ
λôϲλǰĳмͬⱭ֮æסЩŹҶ诶ˣ¶һ˿ԵЦ
ᣬҲ˳βǫȥ
ˣȥѾҶ诶ǫЦţһЦԹǫȷطԺ
ǫͷҶ诶ļ磬Щվȵط
ôĻ񣡺ôô󣡡ڴϣ˫ֻϱȻţһҸһᡭ
ǫëˮʪϣץס趯˫֣诶ҸģϢһɣ
Ǻǣǫڰ˵ղŵֻǳĻô˿̣ƾѾʼˡ
˵ȴǫһѰס
ҲͲԹ£ȻŹǫЦЦѲƽǳЦֺ޽䱸Щ޸εɵЦЦ¶˰˿ݡ
ˣҺøˡǺǣĸˣһЦһ˵֪о仰лǰķĹǺǣԣԣǲᣬʹӦˣһһ⡭ǣһҸ֮ҸҲҸǶҸһӣһӡ
ǫüĻЩԻȻ֪ʱĻȫţǣܸол
˭˵ģķĹǺǣЦǶҸǷĹǡ
诶ϢɣˡģȻЩʹȻЦǣЦʱʼЩȫ
ǫǺǣգգۣŰ𣿡
δȹǫشͻȻҡͷţǧţ鲻ԶûԶ
˵⼸仰ʱƺָѡ
ǫһ뿪ȴѱ˫ۣ۽ǣоӨγ
޳ָ۽ǣȥǵᡣ
ƺҪ˯ˣ۾֡
ǵᣬָͣ⡣˰ΣŻѴֺ£ǵġ
ģˡ
ʱǫ˽Ų
˯ˣ̣һðҩ
ǫͷվҲķ˫Լһֱŵ衣
ƿĿ⣬װûпյ˫֡۹⿴Լŵ룬ǣ𣿡
Ǵҡǫ˵
ŶЩΪѵ򴽣ǣܲܽ
š
ϵͻȻһ΢죬š
ȴˣæȥȴü˫ֲ֪ʱСϡ
æ߹ȥǫùҶ诶ָ֣䡣
Σҡҡͷ
ȴҶ诶üԽԽ߽ʹʹ
ô£ǫǵ
Ƭ̣ͻȻ򣬿ǫ޷ͺˡ
ΪλʹüǫоԼҲʹ
˵޷ġ֪νͣȴòֻͣЩˡˣһҩûˡ
棿ǫҲüһֵǺȾƵԵʣƺСĵطʹǲǺȾƵԭ򣿡
ҵĵͷԣԣ̫ˡ
ǻʲôѾϽȰ˵Ŷһ˴Ҷ诶
һ¡һֱˬĹʼΪǸȲҪȣҺŴһζҩˣ¸ɣ
ǫɻĿŴҩ
֮ڵܺҩʵҶ诶ڵ״ȫԸ߹ǫǣΪ¶Ů˵ݵģֻ֪׽ˡ߹ǫ˽ġ诶£ֻԼָ֪о诶ԼŮһ㡣ָоô߹ǫ
ôˣǫʼɣվʲô
ʲô
δȹ磬һ
ǣô
ǫæͷҲæƶӣǣ˸ղűǫסҶ诶
诶ôûﲻǫ˵ͬʱסҶ诶֡
Ҷ诶ҡҡͷֱͷѡղŻ˯ˣһֱзϸʹǾ˹
诶ΪʲôңץסҶ诶һֻ֣УҸõЩҩΪʲôûԣôʹĺھȥҩ
Ҷ诶˫֣˫ۣȻ󴽱һ˿ǳЦأҺܺãǣ߰ɡһ˾һ
ǡ
˵ʲôǿҶ诶ֻ֣ܰʣĻȥ
û£ǫصָ֣ǳЦղ۽ǵᣬûɵĴһս
Ҷ诶ҡͷ˯
߰ɡڡ
ǫֻǴ򣬼Ȼܰ߿ȷûд󰭡ǣߣ£ǿ˯
֪ܡ
ǣŲ׼뿪
ϲ֮գعңȥֶɣ
󣬴Ҷ诶
ͬʱֿЦ
һֺۣܿƿߡ
ֶ
飿





009 

̫
µһ졣
Ҷ诶ҡҡͷûʹţǹһҩ裬ˮ£СҲʹǣһ˯ڡ
˿̣ͷ֫ӯȫĺ̥һ㡣
´ǰ򿪴к⡣
죬Ǹ
ʼϴͬʱͷһƻɡ
ϣĿһˡ
ڰЦͬʱǫһƣԱߵѾ߱㿪ʼˡ
죬æ𣿡£ĸˣ۹֮ϣûмǴĻѧʱѹ˰ɣ
Ҷ֮ͷҺͷٵġ쿴䲻ԣһȥ١
Ϊ٣Ҷ诶Ц˳磬´βˣӻֵġ
֮ͷ
ʹʹȿڡ
Ҷ诶ҡͷѾûˡ
诶̫֮ˡ֮óһݣݸҶ诶
Ҷ诶ֹ֮ԣҵ⡣Ҫ֪Ұ֮ﵱһ㡣Ī˵ҵУֺη
֪ǣᾭӪ¥ջֻ£һе֮ü
õģӪԼɹһվɣֻǣ׬õ󣬻зԺ֮ġҶ诶ٴδǱϾɼˣԺ󻹻кӣǮĵطԽԽࡣ
֮Բ˵ʲôֻǣ¶Ȼҡ
ǫ躣˶ûпڣֻǾעҶ诶
˺ܿǼ嵭С˺ϡࡣ
ԹЩºʹ̸Ҷ诶죬̸ֹ¶
յͬն
ԹϽȥ飬֪𣿡Ҷ诶
ʳֻǸ£֮ٷԵǾġ
֮뿪Ҷ诶ӳ鷿ȥ
һΣҪﱸǣڳ֮ʱֻ۵ĺ졣
Ҫɴꡣ
֪ط⽨ĳҪڽܻɴѣ
ǣĺ
ΪͻȻϲǴļ£
վɣ̸֮󣬼½ȥȥԼð¡ڹϣˮ
£иĽҪ򿪡
ǣȻ泩Ϣ̫ˣֻСˣͻȻһжôá
ǣԼż١
ȥԶĿͻ̸⣬ȥѲҲȥҰ⿼ԭϡ
죬볹׷ɡ
ǣװ췢ˡ
Ҷ֮Ķӣ괺ʽ˽Ӷ顣
Ȼ΢ǮЩ˼Ҷ̺ӣǣ
֮Ƕӣֵܲܽõ顣ԣһ壬ѧܶණܶѡ
ԣԴ̽հ֮͵˳ǽһ˽ӡ
˵Ǹ˵ĹԱЩŻҪǣظ
Ҷ诶Ϊ٣ȴްָ꣬һǡ̸ֹ֮䣬ʵѧԣŷİѷ
ԼݣȻǱܵġ
ϾҶ诶ͷΣű֪˵仹Ҫ
Ȼʶ˲ֻ࣬Ҫᵽ֣ܶ˻ᵹһ۾

ƹҵȴ׬ȡģ
³ǽأǳͥԺۡزģ
ѺƷԴ̫ԴϢһ̫ƷҲǮׯڸеģ
·ģ
޵̵ģ
һеһУ
˿̣ڳǽĲݵϡûоòȴƾڶɢĸ߹ţźĶ䲻磬ȴÿ˲Ķ࿴ۡ
˽ݵϣݵҲµĲƲ֪˽Ҳʽġ
ʯ壬դԽԽӴ̵
վš
Ƭ̣һ£ʮͯһӿ
Ҷ诶Ķ㵽һ£֪ԼϷˣ⣬ǵĿμ䡣
ȥԶԶһ䣬ϢƬ̡
ЦΪĶӡ
ǣܿ죬Цˡ
⣬ôˣ




010 ֮

֮ʱ֪ͬǱġеģѾʮꡣȴûпǹһ⣬᲻۸
Ͼһĺӡ
ֻ⣬Ҷ诶֮ܳΪ⡣Ķӣ£ͲȴһѵõĳȣҲ侲ȻǰǸ꺢ӵģ֪һʱЩ£ıȴ˶á
Ҷ诶ԼСʱûô㣬һУŴ׵Ļɡ
ԣΪԼĺӻ۸
Ǵ˿̣ڿЦ
ǰһĻǼ֮ߴĺΧߣʹҶ诶ı飬ǼкĶϿԿǣ⡣
ǣ᲻
ʱҶ诶
ǣַܿһ֮δ˵۸£ϷҲ˵֮ǰʼ䣬Ȼʱ䲻ɷϵǣʦǫ㣬ԣҶ诶Ϊ⼸ܹ۸֮
վЩԶ˵ʲôأǲҴ¾ʱҶ诶վȴţ֪֮ô
ûãȵ˴𰸡
ΧһȦĺӱһ˫Ƴһ϶Ȼ֮˳
Ҷ诶һı飬
ףʱŭ⡣
ʲô
ٿȥЩһۣһ»һطڵϣԶ
Ƿݹ¼ţǷȻǷЩֳĶͻȻҶ诶ͷһᡣ
Լĺӹ̫ˡ
߹ȥȴһﺢֳ֮ĵطΧȥһߵվ֮ǰһץס֮죬Ȼ󣬿˵
Σ˵Щ󣬼ϾȸղŽһЩԣҶ诶
ӣΪ㹦κþͿ˰ΪϲͿԲǣǳúÿһЩˣߣ㣬һᳬ㣡һ÷ӶҹĿ࿴֪㣬ֻһСƨѣ
Ҷ诶һ㶣ԭЩֻǼʷɼ
ҲԣԼ̸Щ֪ʶѳ֪ķΧˣ˶ϲЩ˶ųҲ֮С
ǣץŷֻ֣ôۡ
С
ǸֿڣҶ诶š
ûʲôǮôᴩôõ·ңϴηʵʱ˵ûиףֻĸ׹ôǮЩ·˵ǲ͵ģǽУ
Ҷ诶ҡͷӿȥʮˣô˵Ĳӣʲô
ٿȥֻ֮ѾƿƿǿǸкĺˣҶ诶ỳûж֡
㡭
ƿкƺЩţָҶ֮ȴ˵ʲô
Ҷ֮һۣ֣ƺմʲôɾĶȻתѧá
ԶԶһȺһӵصҡ
ÿ춼
Ҷ诶۾ԶԶѧá
ΪύܶѣΪӦΪԼǶԵģǣΪʲô
ӸղŵοѧĺӶǸ߸кʵ˸ȥ֮ߡôһֱһ
̫ߣܿ죬ˡ
Ҷ֮һ߳ѧãҶ诶߳ʱҶ֮Գһ
䣬ôˣЦЦһֱҶ诶չֵĵЦ
ڿҶ诶ȴЩᡣ
˺ܾ𣿡źۼʣȴϸ۲Ҷ诶ı顣
Ҷ诶ҡͷյ㣬ԣˡ
Цˣá
òãͬѧദΣҶ诶ʵȻ
ܺá֮ͷԲ̸䣬ȥʲô
Ҷ诶ͷϸԼĺӡˣȴѳΡƵüҲѳֱͦͣǹɵЦٲȻһССӡ
ֻǣղ򴽳Ĭӣˡ
ӣסļ磬Ӧ䣬۷ʲô£ϣ㶼΢Цģ𣿡
ǵҶ诶Ӱӣ΢΢һЦüë䣬۶䣬촽䣬䣬ҴӦ㡣
Ҷ诶ͷ
ֻҪЦûô
߰ɣȥ֮ﰢ̡Ҷ诶վ֮֡
á֮ɵĵͷ





011 

Ҷ诶֮¥
͸֮Ľ֮һ¥֮ʱףΪҶ诶һ㣬Щ֣ȴԭǽԼľ¥ֻǣһֱǸھӪѡ񣬿ȴ˿ʳĲȲʽζԶϣ
֮һҸҶ诶Ҳο緹һ֮֮ֱѧá
䣬Բҵġ֮΢Ц
пգ˶ʺˡҶ诶ץ֣뿪Ц
š֮ͷӦܿȴ̧ͷôֻһΡҳˣ˷ġ
ԡҶ诶οĶ£ȴΪ˵ǲԼ֪ѧ۸°ɡ⺢ӣΪʲôҪأ߷ӿԣԼҲԣǣΪʲôûжֻ˵۸أ
ô粻Ҫˣ𣿡֮ڴ
Ҷ诶ͷ
ܿ쵽ѧãԶԶģ֮Ҷ诶ͣ˽Ųڰ֣һ˳ѧȥ
֮ѧãҶ诶̾һתȴؼҵ·ǰмףǿһֵ꣬¥Ҫһż䣬ģƷ衣
磬Ҫȥ֮ġɣгǧϰ١֮һŵˣǰǣһĸסԼĺӱ۸
Ժͷӹͨһ¡
ʵҲԣ֮һ˽⡣ǣӣ֮ô
뵽֮˾ӣҶ诶һ
뵽ԼСʱ˰ɡ
ܸĸĸôҪԼеһС
ǰĸ۰ӡ֪󣬱һڴԼ۸ǣԼģԼˣαŮ
ҲһλĸˡҪģбԼӵ
ԣ֮һί
Źʱĺܿ졣
߳¥ѧõķȥ
ȻԶԶģ˽Ų
ŵģǰһȴƱһ㣬˿ƶá
ǿ£иˡ
ѧ¿ˣȴȻ޷תߡ
ƺӦó
ǣǵȷ
졣
Ϊʲô
۾ıӰ
ǵģһӰ֪
ԼҲ֪Ϥˡ
֮Ҳ
ôǲ֪ʲô
Ѳҧס´ͻȻŻŵġ
Ҫ֮
֮Ψһ
û֮ûĶ
κˣԴ߶
Ȼ׼
ȴ֣ѱһչж
ס֮ȴ֪Ρ
ʱŷ֣ȺΧ֮
ԽԽĲܴ󣬺ܿȺǰȻ쿪ۣΧ֮ߵĺһŪվ֮ǰ
֮ʱȻֱǸߵĺӾ졣
̫ԶҶ诶˵ʲôֻǸо˵Ȼ֮ҲһһϣǸƺǲĿ˺һۣİɿȻԶ֮ͬʱͷƺһѽ
֮庣Цһ£˱һ߽ͬӵķ䡣
Ҷ诶ҡҡͷƺԼ۾һС
ǣȻǵһμ档
ôһֱϵ
ûԼȴһֱͷ͵͵
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô
ʲôĿģ
ѵѾ֪
ģ
Ҷ诶˫ֽһָĹؽЩףȴ޸оһ㣬˫ֻעǸ䡣
ûãǣˡ
ȻƺǲһƳЦݣڴߡ
ܿ죬Ŵ󲽳߹ǣķ
ʱȴ룡
ֱΪ춨ֻطġ
ǣôԣ
ѾԼǿкܶĺӣΪʲôҪԼ˲п᣿
Լһа
ԽԽָȴԽԽ԰ף
䡣֮ڣӵġ
ΪҪ뿪Լ
Ҷ诶ͻȻһʹͷһ˿ǳЦ
⼸ܷ꣬˯ҲҲۣһ¸ոϳ׼ϸģǣʿơԣЩΣڸˣ±Ҫѣ۵ʥڡϣҶԺ֣ܿУĴŻжʮҾͽˣڿԷһˣڴҲڴǺǣ԰ɣҵĶ





012 Ϊζ

Ҷ֮һֻǣҶ诶䣬㣬ûɡ
Ҷ诶ֻı֮Сȴů͵ģͻȻúһ㡣ҡͷΪʲôҪ
֮һۺ죬ֿ˿Լ裬ҡ
ȥϿˡҶ诶Ļ֣۾ȴһֱû뿪
Ҷֿ֮һۺ죬ŵͷǣ䣬ȥϿˡ
ѧԼؼңҲġҶ诶˫ִϣЦų磬ԹӵĻ
Ҷ֮ͷȻ󣬳Ҳ΢΢ͷתѧȥ
߽ѧãҶ诶Űջһתߡ
ܿ죬һֻסĸ첲
ſ
ңûбĻ˵𣿡ȻȣʱȴЩ档
Ҷ诶ûлͷֻǱͦøֱֵ˵ſҡ
첲ֺȻһţſ
΢һܿ죬ӡ
Һ㡣
Ųڻͣ
ôᡣ
ǣ˵ʲô
ڻ޶﷢ʲô񾭣
ԣԻͷ
ͣ£
װӣ
Ϊʲôô飬ȴȻ㣿
ЦԼ
㲻ңĺ𣿡
ܲ𣿲Ƕ׼ǸŮҪ
ңˡ
Ц
˵ʲô
Ȼͣ½Ų
ġʵ˵һ괺졣
ʵ£Ǹҽ
ܣ
һ޷ļ
Ȼӿһɱˡܿܿ죬ɱǻӣȻֱȫÿϸ
ˣΪҶ𣿡
ý
ͷһֱϣȻԼѾһ˫֡
𣿡
ӵɣоĿͷķķ䡣
һʲôڽϡ
𶯡ૡ
ԹԵģٶ
诶ҵ诶ķ֪ж㣡ǣΪʲôңȴһ񶼲мң
۾Ȼֱ˵
ģҪ
ǣƭңȴƭԼģ𣿡ļԼСĵĵͷȥëϵỨᣬΪҶ𣿡
Ҷ诶۾ӭһ˫Ҿϲ˫ˡ
δڣһѰҶ诶ӵ뻳ģģƺҪǶԼȥ
Ĳãڡţ޷ļţʵ»ûа취
ƭġſ˫ȴռƵĵĻ䣬һ˿Цô֪Ϊأ
Ҷ诶ס
诶иоģΪʲôԼأЦһ棬֪ΪĲңǶʱ䣬
ԣ诶ֻҪߣұ㲻Ҷ诶ЩӲı飬㻹Ҫ㿪ҵ˼ҩҽˡ
侲һػصҶ诶ϡ
º֣˺һֱ죬ˣҺܺ𣿡
ô᣿ǰһ˫°Ҷ诶סôã
Ҷ诶ȻһЦƿ죬үôǸ뻻ζˣ
λһ㶣ܿ죬סҶ诶֣诶ġѵо𣿡
Ҷ诶ҡҡͷ죬㲻ʱ䣬Һòװ㣬徻ӣ㣬Ϊʲôֳ죬Ұѻ˵ףԺҪҵ
УҶ诶ɵĿô֪֮ѧǺϵ𣿲ڣЩҪˣҲػش𣬴ӽҲϣټ֮ǰ뿪ʱѾûκιϵˣԣأ
һ˵ЩҶ诶ɿתƵĴȥ
һ̾Ϣþûơ





013 ֮

Ϧ޺ãֻǽƻ衣
ߴƬƬȾĺ죬һֹâֻȵ̫ϵѸܲůЩ塣ʱǶôĹâ䰡ǲǣ˺Ů֮İ飬Ѿ˱ڣů١
ɵİ˽ͤڣҶ诶һȲ裬˼ĿϦ
ͤ⣬һССӰŵĿ
䡣֮СĿڡ
ˡҶ诶ֱӣϲɵ꣬¶Ц
š֮ЦҲѿС죬ǰҶ诶һ䣬Ҷˡ
Ҷ诶ͻȻ̾һˡ
䡭֮
ðɡʲôҪҰæҶ诶ΣӣֻҪʱŻˣ
ȴӦҲ֮գգ۾
ֻҪ£䲻Ҷ诶˼ǣҲ˵ɣʱ£Ҳʡ
ôȨȥ£֮ЦЦЦ͸ЩСթԼ¡
ô˵Ҷ诶뵽ѧÿһĻڵǲҪңѧ۸£
֪ˣ֮ЩԾܿС첻˵ôӦַ˼˽ģô͵͵ȥѧأ
Ŷ֪ά˽ˣҶ诶ˣһº˵ҲǹҪ˽ģֻǣѧúǹɣȥѧСľͿ㱻˾Ŀӡ
ߣֻǲԸǰˡ֮ƲƲ죬мοǸˣ涯֣ǣǣ㳣˵Ӷڲ֣ԣҲ˵ġ
ããҼҷǺúӡҶ诶Цˣסļ磬ǣҪܲԺɣ˵ѧ㻹Ҫѵġһû˺һɣ
Ҷ֮СһЩƵĵͷ鷳Ҫ˲У
⸱С˵ӣҶ诶̲סЦôѾ֪ô𣿡
֮ͷ㲻õġ
ԣҼҷˣҶ诶ĵ۵ӡһǣˣȥԷɣ
ǣһûк˵أ֮ͷһЦ⡣
Ŷ£Ҷ诶˵
Ҫһְ֡
ȿȿȡն豭һڵҶ诶ŵǺ²豭վ˳˳ȴֱҶ֮һ仰ŵҶ
Ǻ˵ңֻҪҵİְ֡
ãҶ诶Ҳ˵ҲˣǣһȴǺЩ
䣬ôˣҶ֣֮˵òã
Ҷ诶ĿһҶ֮Сϣ˵ִšһѿ־װĵףῪڣΪʲô
ΪʲôҪְ֣
ңҪǸְ֣
ϲ֮ԴʱӣĺӡʵҲֻҶ诶ǰӡ
ҪԡҶ诶һӦã֪ɡ
ôˣ֮ϲҵİְ֡
Ҷ诶Ȼ˵ӣֿڣ䣬֪㲻ϲ壬ǣҪһְ֡Ȼŵ;ҲңϲģǺ塣䣬ʹӦҰɣ
Ҷ诶ͷĻԺҲ˺ͺǸƬΡΪ֮ôС˵ĻôָʹϲҲ˵ˡ˵Ļ
䣬˵֮˦֣Ӧңòã
Ϊϲ˭Ϳ˭İְ𣿡Ҷ诶ӣûмңӣкӣôİְأ
˵ЩﾹȻһʹ˦˦ͷ΢΢ЦԿ常ŵ;һ𣿡
ãְ֣İְ֣䷲סһһ˵İְ֣֮СЩǺˣңӦҵģҲû˵мкӰ
һͷƺԣ˵ġ岻ƭҵģ
Ҷ诶һЦˣʲô֮ǰƭԼ˵ҪˣڣһСӶҪã伫ѵԼô
Ҷ诶ɲôΪ
ôʲôĿģ
벻һ𣿡ЩҪ⣬ֱҪȹĨǿһٱ
Ҷ֮Ҷ诶ͷ˵ʵ䣬ǣҲ
Ҵ𰸡Ҷ诶
롣֮С
Ҷ诶ЩЦ⡣һУ԰顣
ǣټϺ壬á֮ͷͣ˵һ䡣
ңѡһҶ诶ᡣ죬Ի굤ɣ
̧֮ͷһ࣬䣬ܿ𣿡
ܣһڻؾ
Ĳܣ
Ȼ
ȵȣⲻǷ˭
ת
㿴һ޳Ӱ
Ǻ죬˭
ǺǣһöʯøˣʯŮ˶ϲɣΪԭ򣬻þòˣ쿴ʯַ俴˿ллwinday......





014  ̸1

Ǻ죬˭
Ҷ诶ֻһۣѸٱĿ⣬֮ŭ⡣
䣬ҡָָ֮죬ŵ˵УҪ˵ԣҲŴؼҵġ
߹֮õǴ֮²ҪǨŭϡģǣûбҪôɣѵһүܼҶϰһ𣿡
ǰүܹٺᣬ԰Ҷ诶ݺݵһۣ˵ʲôתߡ
䡣֮󿪿ڡ
ɣôϣҲ䣡Ҷ诶ûлͷͦĺֱ
ȥԷҺ̸һ̸󣬺֮˵Ŀ޳谮
ҲΪ֮仹ʲô̸ġ֮ԶҶ诶Щźȷʵ㿪ڡ֮ˣ޼ɵĸ뿪ˡοʲô
Ϊ֮Ҫ̸Ķܶࡣǣ֣ԣǻ˵
Ҷ诶˦үء
춢ӣã̾һ诶Ƣô
Ҷ诶һۡ
ϲҶ诶°ͣЦ诶ϲ𣿡
죡Ҷ诶֣ѵԼӿȥϲ˵ϷΪʲôԼǰô٬ЦûУûб£ϣ뿪ܶ£֪ףҲ˵֮ϲ徲
Ҳϲ徲촵ʹ֣Щ޹Ŀѵôң
Ҷ诶֪ǰԼʲôĹߡ侲ǴʱȫòˡѵԼĿǣ
诶ǵѧ˵Ļ𣿡Ҷ诶˵ҲЦ
ǵá˵Ҫ𣿡Ҷ诶̣ôǲģ
ҡͷǳЦȻֱ˫诶֪ңж㣿
Ҷ诶һ㶣ŵ̬ܿȥ˵飬šҲİɡֻǣָ˼Ůˣ
ˣ촽߸һ˿Ц꣬ΪԼټʱһпͷʼǣ˭뵽ټԼȴȻǳ׹ӵͷСӣֱ׵Ķ˵˼֮ࡣֻ£ֲ֪ôˡ
˵ɣĿġҶ诶֪ӱ޹ȴⲶ׽ʹôʹȨƹˣɵйڻʲôʹģ
ǰ֮Ѿ׵ĽˡҲ֪ʲôҸ㣬֮䣬ֻһֹϵǹ٣ң̡
ֻ֪㣬ûңܰ׳յģʳ⣬ʲôƵģ׷ʣУ˵Ҫ˵ʱᣬΪҶǣΪʲô
Ҷ诶ͷǳǳһЦã⡣һңΪʲôҪ㣿үǷҵǮûҶ˰ʲôȥүڵڶ⣬Ҳ֪ôشֻǣʱκһ˵룬ҶᡣһŮ˵ͨɣȽĿȥ
˵һҲ档춨ƺҵһ˿Ҫ㿴ҵʱѾ˵һС
үˣ𣿡Ҷ诶ͻȻһơޣȴԼʲôѵľûһö
Һæǣ˵ңԶпա
ǣҺæҶ诶Ц˼ֺ⣬үʱβؼҶǽ
һ㶡
ˣ˵ĻѾ˵ˣүûб£ذɣҶ诶òɵתȴЩأ˼վҳϿҵ㣬ԺҪҵ
˵꣬ǰС
㣬ڳԴף
ͻȻð仰ϲɣѯƿ϶
ǰеĲӣ͵ͣ¡





015 ̸2

诶վЩںģǲǣ쿴ͣ½ŲֻһڴҺͱŮһվǽģ𣿡
Ҫô룬Ҳûа취Ҷ诶ԼΪʲôͣ½Ųǣ˵Լһѵ
诶Ҫӱˣ𣿡ѹԼУСĿڡѾԼ˺üΣҪôס
һУ̫ˡҶ诶ҡҡͷǰ뿪ʱǾѾˣ㣬ǵ𣿡
֪ʱ˵Ļжôģŭ⣬£ԼȵлٴΰߡôȢǸŮˣ
ѣôᷳ𣿡Ҷ诶ʳ仰ֻԼϷ·һ̡
òϣˣѲ֪ʲôʱѾӰǴʲôʱﾹǣʱ̣ܶȴѾ㹻ȥ˿ڣЦȻǸŮ˵ʱĳ֪ĵطսһ£ᰤȥģ𣿺οڿӣվûô顣ˣİɣǣΪʲôôǿҵʧк͡ʹ
ûСǰ˫Ҵûϲᷳ
ϲϲྴϲ򳪸棿ϲٰüϲᡭҪӣ
ӣ
ӣ
ʲôʱʼ֮ģͱˡ
áᵽǸӣĴ߲Ծһ˿ССЦа˰ɣ
ꣿ
ôֻ֮ûǲǣֿʼǻ
ҪӰɣü̫µˣź֮׽ͣүүҲڡǣȴҲûС
۾һ
ţһڴƽ˵
漴תΪ
صǰǲǻл᣿ô˼Ҫĸ飬ΨһǣʱԼ뿪лɣ
ãʱܵ𣿡
诶㣬Ұɣȷʡ
Ҷ诶һۣ˿δԼǰĶжôںСŮˡһ飬飬ˣ˿Ȥ
ԩ֣ϵıЦЦ诶𣿡
Ҷ诶һ϶
ͻȻһ㶣漴ʲôƵģ٩٩ڵҶ诶ϲһаĶϲǳɫϲԿζصĶϲ²ĵףϲһ˶ԳееΣ̾ʱüССĶһ£ʱ촽ãʱϲ۾Է˵ʱգ۵Ĵ࣬ɫʹɫһзĶ٣ϲԼƻʱżѼɢ㽶Զֻһ룬һ¡
Ҷ诶״סһ˫ˮӲŵĿź졣
У֪ɰʲô𣿡ˣ޷˵ȥ鲻Խָḧɰʱ򣬾˫Ŀңȫһеڻ۹
˵꣬̾һֵȻĿ⿴ҵʱ٣֪жڴ۾ֻһˣ
ˣ˵ô࣬ʣ㣬˽Ҷ٣֣ʵ
Ҷ诶ҡͷôԣ˽Լ֪⳯ͨѶΪԼ߰͵ͷԼһϸСĶôԼжģ
˽⣬𣿡ЦһôΪңֻΪĴ𣿡
ңû㣬ֻǡҶ诶૿ڣȴ֪Լ˵ʲôҲ֪˵ʲô̾һԲ𡣡
˵ֺڣԼΪʲôҪǸ
̧ۿȻüﶼЦ⡣һ˫ҲĵΧԼ䣬ȻĿ˹
Ǹ죬ҲֵġҶ诶ƿȴоû£ˡ
诶ô˵Ķأ첻ȦԼͷӡһĶͷûУһŮˣ
૵黰˹ͻȻսǰˣԻ޶˵ɢȥϣǻг˰ɣ
ȻôһֱԼˣ
ȻΪλһٶԼף
ѾˣòҲֻ֮ˣֻŪĸĻδҲ̫ˡ
Ȼ˧ˣòϣˣĳһȻ˵ȥˣһЩȻ˿ûиı䡣
ʳȺǫ躣һһ֮ķȺ
ȨƱˡһ֮£֮ϡ
ղŶ˵Щʲô
˵ϲǳɫ˵ϲ
ģĲ
ǣȻֺ
һУôͻȻǣôȻ
һֱƭԼɡ
ˣѰˣ
ǣ¡
ӵеźεֵӵ֮ʧȥʹ
ԣԸźҲԸȥʹ
ʹѿ˺ܶꡣǸıӰԶ޷򿪵Ľᡣ
诶
һļۣ́һ˫˫
Сֱģůůģ
ڣұ̣ôҪ֪ҷʲô֪㣬ûаң
ģȻʼƣŬôãǿôã룬ҸúõϢһ¡
ܾãش𣬡죬һ롣Ҫһ롣





016 кβͬ

ܾãش𣬡죬һ롣Ҫһ롣
ôǲǴһл᣿ĿС
֪λشֻһ˫ӻ
ãͷ诶Ҷˡ
˵գſ֣תȥ
ʲôͷʱ䡣һҪҡ
ٴתȥ
Ҷ诶ıӰˣʲôˣԼ飬򵥵Ķ㰮ǲǣΪȴôӣ
ԼӦþúһ롣
ֻǣĲĸ֮·˼򵥡Թģǫˡ
ôϹ
Īǣʲô£
ѯĿ̽ȥȴһ˫۾Ц⣬Ĵ𣬷һŻϲӡ
òϣʹߣǣһЦҲǾġ
ֻǣЦ
诶ȿڣЦ⡣
ʲôôģҲǡ
лл㡣óȻ³һ䡣
ɻĿ
̫еĽԹһ仰˴𰸡Ӵˣˡ
Ҷ诶ԣߵĻȼӴ󣬡ģ
ˣǾ̫ˣһæ⣬һڽرν常书ǿһֱšãͷԣϢҶ诶ĵΪˡ
ǧȷͷ߽ʧȥ书Ӵٲвҡ
̫ˡһ̣ĵΪѸеˣǫ֪һԵġ
诶֪ҵһ˶𣿡ǰվӹɵ顣
ͷô᲻֪
ڹȥÿһ죬ҶڵǺ¡ǰɱ˲գ۵ӣ޷ȥˡǫѹԼ΢΢Ĳ
һжˡҶ诶˽ĹȥǵȷǲġӴԺҲغˡ
Ҳ¡һҿȥȥӵˡȡߣ¶һſݣ诶ҲȥʲôңԷĵİˡ
ǫǸ˵ӣǲ˵ЩҶ诶һ㶣ܿܿ˫
֪ģҵһ죬ֻΪ㡣ͻȻһץסҶ诶֣ΪҵĹȥӦ֪Ҷİ̵жࡣе£㡣ҵЩ˻˺㣬ҲΪЩ˵Ĵڶ޷㰲ǣһжˣֻԸ⣬诶ҡ
ǫҶ诶ڴҡҡͷҪ˵ˡˣȥɡ
诶Ҫҡǫյøö໰Ѿ̫ˣҪ˵
Ҷ诶֣һ£鲻̧ۿܶ໰ǲ˵ĺáӦˣȻȥϢ𣿡
诶ôÿζô侲ѵ㶼ûиˣҶİʲôģӦúǣΪʲô㻹ңѾˣҲҵԣһȡȡǵҸ诶ҲţҲһоҲûУ֪֪棬жŮӶʾãж˼ҵĹףǣҴûж࿴һۣַţֻһ˰!ͷβֻһ
Բ𡣡Ҷ诶ٴ޷֣ûİɡĸ飬޷
˵ǫͻȻĴ诶Ҫ˵
Ҷ诶ͷҲ㿪ůůĴ֡
ţĳڶЬڶ̧ͷ㿴ıӰ
Ҫˡ
̾һʣҶ诶㾿ʲôã
ͻȻһǰһѱӵһǿ׳Ļ
̧ۣ㿴ǫȵ˫
诶ң㡣ҹ꣡
ţ˼ȵĴѾ
һ飬͵طӦȴ˿
ĻĴĴȴȻ㲻ɵɵĻڣɨһűݡ
ЩȴѲעⷶΧ֮ڡʱֻһͷô죿ô죿
ĻİģϢİģζ
ȵȣ࣬ʲôʱ򡭡
ȴȵ롣
ãٶ
˫ģЩĿŽߵĿ
ȡͻȻȴͣ˶
ۣ㿴˵ӡ
һ٣뿪Ĵַſ
Բ𡣡
Σת뿪
Լķ䣬Ϸţֱһˮȥһһˮϣڴϣãζɢȥ
ëڴأʶĲ˫
ôԡ
ôԡ
ͻȻʲôһ㣬͵̧ͷ૵ôûҧߣһҲ԰
ͻȻ𣬺ǡ̫ˣǲˣĻƺůϢܸɾ
ǣԼʱԥҧ
ΪʲôԼûԹǫأ
УǹԼûԼ
ѵ
ѵ
ǣһҹߡ
꣬ϣеҸۣǺǣÿ֣





017 

峿һʱ´һʽԼɫļаϣ棬һ׵ĺë硣
ھǰϡܿԼ㲵顣
ľᣬȴǧ˿ǣݲ£Աһ˿Ժ˸β
վеŮӽдż˧мġȻδʩ͸¶ЩƣѶϢȴ˿ɾˬʡ
ϣĸӶ˾֮͡ʱ̧ͷԼĸףȴʼûп˵Ҷ诶ĸڻ֮УȻҲȥ˵Щʲô
һٷ˸£ԵȻζ
֮룬Īǣ֮˽չ
ĲѯʣԹԵıҶ诶ټѧȥЩµȥȻֻС¡ǣȻ迪ˣȻЩȥ򣬻ƻе
뿪Ҷ诶̾һ
ʲôʱ뷨ѵôҪһְ֣
߻ͷۣǱߴһ诶ڷ𣿡
ţ
Ҷ诶̧ͷţһ˲Ҫӵ뷨ҡҡͷվſȥ
躣ôˣţ漴߳⣬Ȼˣ԰ɡ
ǰ֮ٲҰ˵ķ䡣
£㡣躣ĿͣһӣŻڣû˯ã
Ҷ诶۾߱Ц˯ˡ
躣죬ȴʲôû˵
£еʡ
躣ͷиˣҪ㡣
飬Щꡣ
֪˭躣Щͬ
հɡ̾
ǣ躣ЦѾſˡ
Ҷ诶õˣ
躣ҡͷǣſġ
Ҷ诶ִ
ǡ躣˵ʲôƣݣվû˵ڡ
˲š
ˡҶ诶վ˭
躣ԥһ£˵ڡ
Ҷ诶һ㶣˭
һƷˣ躣

Ҷ诶ü⣬͡
Ȼ뵽ſڣ
躣ͷ
ȥӭɡ̾ô˵˼ҲһƷˡ
ǣ⡣
⡣ûм̧ΣûпͣģֻһɫСΣη򰲾һԣվģһλɴŮӺһλѾߴĹ
躣΢΢
Ҷ诶վͻȻŤ
Ըǽģġ
ǣһλŮӣȻɴǣõò¶һ˫۾͸¶ѺõѶϢ
ܾã˶ûжֻǾ˴˴š
ڣŮƵ߹ͣҶ诶ߣδҶ诶Ӧһס֣촽㣬һɺã
Ҷ诶
Դֻһͷʲô
ȥɡ躣ǻ
Ƭ֮԰ͤڡ
诶Һ֮ǰʶ˴֮仹Ϥֻǣû뵽ûټʱˡ躣Σֻÿˡ
Ҷ诶ͷٿʱȡɴ֮˸ƲĿ⡣
㣬ðãĪҪ֡Цӯӯ
Ҷ诶ҡͷô᣿ٺᣬԡ
˵Цˡϻһ˿Цյü㣬ҡȻʹˣסֲҼүѽߣͣ
Ҷ诶һ˿죬ȴӿһ⡣ŮˣҼүĸ˵ôкȻ
ֻǣôǰԼ
ˣкιɣҶ诶ƣ˵ȥֱֻѯʡ
ǺǡڴЦֱˬ
ЦŮҶ诶ȥ֮ˡȴʼ˼ŮôԼ˵Щ
кⲻֱ˵躣һԵ诶Щʣ²ය
ҲùŮˣһ˿⣬漴Ц㣬岻ûд̫ҽŶԣûп򣿲磬һظҸõĴ򡭡
л⣬岢޴󰭡Ҷ诶躣ʹɫ
躣⣬վģȥûС
ԶҶ诶û¡
δ˵꣬۾㣬ʲô
ȴǶͻȻǰ
ô˴ǰġʱγ滨꣬ӦҼүɣ
Ҷ诶ֻæŲ˵ʲô
㲻ӦҾͲץסҶ诶֣ҼүԽһƬ⣬ΪβأίңԸС֮λø㡣ֻ㣬ܴӦҼү
Ҷ诶΢΢֣˳Щ𣬳˵ʲôΪ¶ôǸذɣ
ȴǿɬһƬ
ԭȣŮ˵ᴦȴҪǶŮһ
ҲȥǶԼһת뿪





018 ٴ

˵˵ԭɡҶ诶ббαϣֻƣ죬һ˵Ī֮躣ҲҴȥ£Ѿһˣǣͷ
飬ѵĲӵУ
ҲԣԳδŹ飬ӵа飿
ԣӸԴ⡣
ҪְҪһɰɣ
֮գգۣûԭǶаְ֣ԣҲҪһ
ǣҶ诶ɻ漴Ȼ˵ѧõĻ飿ǲ˵ʲôˣ
뵽ûи׵ѧﲻ۸ô򵥣ֻǱ˵䳰ȷ¾Ͳٰɡ
Ҷ诶һǣ֮䣬㲻صˣѧ£Ѿˡ
𣿡Ҷ诶ҲٶʣǣҪְʲôأۣ뿼Щˡ
˰ְ־Ͳÿ˰ִ֮һܸɵİְ֣ʱͿ˦ƹ񣬶ð
ڣҲ˦ƹ񰡣͵ŵ;ǣڰ䰡
ǲһƲ죬֮£Ҹϲ塣䣬ả𣿡
Ҷ诶һ㶣ҲѵӦİְ𣿡
Ȼǣ֮ͷ㲻ΣǰҪҵۣ
Ҷ诶ǹԼĺ̫죬ǹԼƽʱĶ̫ࣿöǲٰ
Ҫˡӣ˵ɣ㺣ԼӣԺԼĺӣİְֵġ
ûк˵Ҿûƭ㡣ţҶ诶
֮Դ룬ͷ֪ˡ
Ҷ诶һ㶣˵Щʲô˱ˣзÿ͡
֪˭ʣ죬Ȼˡ
طˣλŮӣֻ˵նš
Ҷ诶һֱͦôˣ
ԵҶ֮⣬롣
Ƭ̣
˻ţ˭Ҳûȿڵ˼
䡣֮Ҷ诶½ǣעϾǿ͡
Ҷ诶ޱ
񻬹֮ϣȻ
еĺܡҶ诶ôʵǣ᲻ø֪Ϊʲô
㣬СǡȥƽָҶ֮
Ҷ诶֮Ȼͷ߲㺣ӡ
Ҷ֮һ㶣΢΢֮밲
ȻվҶ诶ԵĶӡ
һ˿죬Ҷ֮þûл
ãĿ뿪֮Ҷ诶㣬յĻǣ
ǻῪЦҶ诶ѳףжӣôȥλã
ѳףһ㶣ǣӵĸס
ˡҶ诶޺޵
ˣӦÿԺӣүʳǵġ̾
ҲΪһšҶ诶һۣŮ۾ʹûԼôļҵȰԼԺ
ǣһŮӴźӣӱϾǲףȻүڶԽ㴦չˣǣӾˣ˭Ҳܱ֤үĳ谮άֶá
ЩˡҶ诶ĻΪʲô˵ˣ飬ΪԼӵеһжǺģЦǸһ˿ЦӵеһУԼġүĳ谮ҴδܹҲҽܣ
ţֳܿ˿ļҾûô˵ǡ֮ӡϵȻֵƣȴǮõĶٿҶ诶Ҷ֮·Ȼ򵥣ϡеĲϣǰߵ廨ǾµĲüҲǳ֮֡
Ҷ诶ֻһŮӣƾõ˾Ʒ
ϧ֪Ҷ诶µĲҵҲ鲼ҾߺͷװҵľƷȫҶ诶¾Ϊѡġ
ôľү𣿡ʣȻڡ
Ǻӣ
壿һ㶣֮۹ֶ˼̽ãһ⡣
û£лظɡҺæԡҶ诶ˣƶס֮Ŀ⡣
ããˣȻظˡҲ˵ʲôٿ֮һۣŻȥ
Ҷ诶Ȼһ˿õԤС
ûƭɣҲˣȷ㺣ӡҶ诶Զͷ֮Ц
䣬㲻ϲ֮õǿ϶䡣
ô֪Ҷ诶ü
ҵȻ֪֮գۣΪǺӣ㲻ϲ
Ҷ诶һ㶡ԼȷϲǣԭأΪ
ôԼڡԴô
ȷԼ뷨Ϊδйֵĸоģرᵽʱеĸоǲ
ѵԼԺ죬ġ





019 ʱ

Ҫ,Ҫ˭,Ӽ.ܲΪһ˶Լһ˰.Ȼ,ȷԼĸ,,Ҷ诶һ,Ǿ,ԼǷ,Ҳ׸ıԼ,ʧԼ.ͬ,İֶܼ,Լ.Լİ,ĵװ.Ȼ,ô,ĬĬŰ,ҲǿԵ,?
,Ƿ˵İ,ĵ.,ָֻǷݴŴʵ.
ͻȻ,,˾ˬҶ诶.
֮,㲺ݸԵͻ.
,մӳ,ҡСҶ诶һ.ΪͻȻ,,Ĳޱ߷.
֪Ϊʲô.ֻ,ԶгֵĨϧ.Ӧö,Ҽ˵һЩĪĻ.
Ĳһ,ҹ?Ϊʲô?
,͸ԵĽ.
δҶ诶ش,߹,ҡԶ,סҶ诶ֵ,诶,㲻Ҫһ֮.˵ʲô,,뿪.
?Ҷ诶,뿪ڳŪһ,Ľź͹,ߵĻӲȥ,ĵ,ҴӦ,֮,û˵.
˵?.
.Ҷ诶ͷ.
?ôش?ֳһ˿ϲ,ڴĿҶ诶.
Ҷ诶ͻȻ,ֳ,,үôش?ǲϣҵͷӦ,Ȼ,֮?
촽߶һĨЦ,.诶,ûдӦ?
Ҷ诶,ͻȻ,ȡ֮,Ƶʹ.ԭ,,ԼʼǺŮһ.Լİ,ҲֻһСֶ.,Ů˵̬,Ŷ߲ܰ!֮ǰǲɢ,ԭֻһ,Ǿ,!
үʧ.Ҷ诶վ,ʼԼôᰮ.ֻ˵,ѻһ,Լϵ˭,սֶһ?û,үذ.
,еͿ.
诶,Һ.,һ˫ֱ,ĸо,,ı.
Ҫ.
Ҷ诶,Щƣ.
ֻҪһ,ֻҪһͺ!Ŀı,ֻҪϢһ¾ͺ,ǵ·ܳ,Ҫ̻кܶ,Ҳᵹµ.
Ҷ诶ü,?
诶,Ҫ˵һЩĵĻò?,һӰ,ΪϴεĻ,Ҳ.,˵һЩĻ,ò?
ſҶ诶ͻȻ뵽ǸˮĶ,岻ԾĿʼ.
诶,Ҫ,ҵ诶,ֻ,ֻ,ŻҼȥ,Ϊǵδ,,Ҫ,ò?,Ҫ.
Ҷ诶ݺԼһ,,Լ˵.˭֪,ƭ,ͶŮ˵Ļ?
Һ,ۡ
,³,ѨƵ,,ٶ.
,һ.,Ҳ.
,..
.˵,ֺ.
ֻ,˲ڵĻ,ձ,ᳵ·ĳԷɱȥ.
.,˼ҡɺò?
,ղſڿ˵˵,ΪʲôһٽŮ˻?
ⶥ,ɿȥ,ýżŴ.
,.Ҷ诶,ŭ,µ,,˵㵽?
ɶһ.׼Ҫ,,ַ,.
ǡ
诶,Ҫ˵,ò?ָĴ,ֹ˵ȥ,ֻҪһ,ֻҪ˯һͺ.
δ˵,˫,Ѿ.
,,Ѿµĺ.
ô,Ȼ˯.
Ҷ诶ɵ㶿,һʱ֪Լô.ƿ,,?
,˯ĺ!
,ѵõ,˽벻عʲôϸ.
Ĳϸ.
һ˫ü˵İԵ,յ˫ܵĽë,ֱͦı,ı,ĻĴ.
,Ȼ˧!
ֻ,üĽ,ϲβĺ붼˵һ,,ĺ.
,.
μ֮ʱ,߸,Ƕôĸ߰,ʷ.
ʱ,Ȼ,ɲ.
ʲô,?
һ˿,̲סȥ,Ϊƽŵü.
ʹ,ܰ,ô,Ҳһ,ʱ.





020 ֮ʧ

˯,нһСʱ˰?
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,,˯,,ʮֵġ.
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ڿ?,㾫.
..
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ô.,ڵغ.
诶,ôᡭôɰ?΢һ,ͽһ,,ھҪ!
ι,,!.
.ס,ٶ,ҾͲֻ˵˵.
,Сײ.ȵ̧,߽.
ô׵ҵ.̲סķ,૵,,,Ϊ.
Ҷ诶һ.֪,ôô,,Ȼһ!Լ,ʲôû!
ֻ˵,,°˼!
ι,ʲô!Ҷ诶е.,ʲôʱԼ?
,Ĳܸɫ!
̧,ͬʱ,.
诶,ҪԴ?´,һ.
Ҷ诶֮,,ҵͷ.
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Ҷ诶һ,.
,̧,ߵſ,ͻȻͷ,诶,,ִ˲!Ŷ!
!
Ȼ,ƽ߳ٷֱ,ȥĲ,ͻȻ˲,,Ҳ¶Ц.
,Ҷ诶ѹ,Լ׵ı.,ɫ,,ͲװЩĶ?
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ǵģˣϲȻ֪ʲôʱ£ǣòϣû˿׵ĵҲδõڶ˽ĽӴҪ˵ͬˡ
ΪԼĵһˣ
Ϊ֮ĸף
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´Ծһݣ߳䣬һɤڽС
С㣡С㣡
͡
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䣬㿴Ǹ׳ʵĺܹһĽһĽš
ͣôˣʲôˣԼѾˣҲĳ˺ܶࡣǴ£˻šҶ诶ͻȻвõԤС
С㣬㣬֮𣿡һѳסҶ诶䣬ﻹ˵עǻŶ־ġ
֮Ҷ诶üûУûҲûмͣʲô£˵
ôܷɣͺ֮ﲻˣұеĵطǣҲ
ôܣҶ诶󾪣ʲôʱ򲻼ģһμʲôʱ򣿡
֪Ϊڸϻûлؼңһȥ˵֮ԺûлͳӴ󣬡˵ȥ᲻£
أ᲻ǻȥˣҶ诶
ҡͷûУûУҵˣΪһҹδ飬϶ǵˣǣ֮˵֮ûйԣҵһ뵽ǲǻضȥˣǣûУûУ
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С㣬֮ﲻ°ɣ۾ôҶ诶˼ѵ֮пܱ˰
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Ҷ诶ҲȹӣСᣬҲ֮ӡ
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㣡
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֮ˣҶ诶䵽ľŷﾹЩĲк졣
ȥᳶ֮죬һǳǳĵ۳ǰ
֮Ҷ诶ҧ´Ȼ˶㣡
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֮ͷĿҶ诶ϣҵĴʱҵһƽҴӦ㣬۷ʲô£Ҳ˵ȥġ
ɵáҶ诶ƿҿ˿ڡ
ްġ֮ﺦߵ
ȥϵҩҶ诶һǣȥ
㣬ӻһ˵ȥˣ㿴𣿡֮ʡ
Ҷ诶ӿһжͷá
Ͼ¹طҪܵġ
ܿ죬͵õϡ䱦ı֮ﲻְ֣֮֮ʹһ٣Ӧöһ뿪
Ҷ诶ЦſԻϲԩңҲ۵ġ
ֻǣ뵽Ϊģ־
ֻ֮һѣǶʵѾ˴˰ɣ
ôôĿŵץԼˣңְö˶˵ķų
ģѾ֤ʵĲ²⣬ԣ޿֡
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Ȼһᣬǻˡ
ܿҶ诶͹ǫ򵥽һ£˾Щȥ֮ңʱȲ÷ѧ֮󣬹ǫҴ뿪ˡ
һ֮˵ľƸԶˡҶ诶̬ȣԾҪӱܣҲӺԼһյçײΪ
ֻǣѾ˵£ָβȣ





021 ۶ҩ

ڶգΪİ֮һ˷ڼҶ诶ѵõûгȥ磬ڸ֮Ρ˽̹ʫԣ̵
ٽʱ˲Ŵ鷿֮ȷʾˣҪϢһᡣҶ诶˷䣬֮һͤƷ衣
̫ܺãԴͤߵƺ£۾ĸ
ǰһۣһ
诶
۾㿴Ȼһ㲵ĺ졣
㣬סҵˡ˵
Աһ漴¡
Ҷ诶ͻȻ֣µĶ֣ϥǺǲģֱֱţˡ
һɣҺۡ䣬΢һһ¡
ݵģҲ
ֻǣҶ诶ȴ롣Ĵ֣žͿԡ
Ҷ诶۾Ĵ飬ֻߣҲǿֻǣת˸ȦԴȵĴϡ
ι߿Ҷ诶ֳԶȥʵҪ֮
һᣬһı۾
˯߲𣿡Ҷ诶ġ
ز㡣ش
߿Ҷ诶ͻȻһƿ
ôˣ౻ˤʹԴɻ̧ͷһӶҶ诶
Ҷ诶תȥ
죬ûɣͻȻʡ
Ҷ诶
š
ӣ鷳㣬ܺҶ诶ҧ
УǴʲôʱҪӣͻȻ£ǲá
ӣüҺ
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ûʵش
ҪҪԱ˵ĺӸȤ
ţҪ㡣ͷҲСˡ
죡վϸҹ
诶ˣƵıСȣһɣڳԴס
˵ʵҲϲġҶ诶޺޵
ðɣðɣûгԴסһЦ˻ﻹռˡ°ɣкҪº˵
˵ɣ˵˸ϽߣҲٿ㡣Ҷ诶䡣
һҶ诶һ㵹Ļ
˫裬ƿ
ңֻӡĻɹңҴûǸŮˡ
ĺʲôϵϲ
ôܲ˲䣬ֱ
˵ǳԴףЦ࣬诶㲻ң
ΪҸһ𣿡ĶȴͣʵĿĻ
ԩü漴ЦҸ֪ҵĿǶôԣ룬֤ѾܾûŮˡ
һ첻ǺܾðɣҶ诶һۣ죬㻹ǶԵ°
캬Цû˵
ЦҶ诶ͲһЦʲôǸᣬҪЦؼȥЦ
𣿡ָ۽Ǵ˼״ô֪
ꡱһҶ诶Ц˳
ʹϣǣĸоȴƭ˵ġ˵мģǣΪʲôڶĸоô
ѵ˰Ůӣ˰׳
ʵǣĺܰ׳յЦˡ
诶ЦˣŵҶ诶ǰ
Ҷ诶֣˴Ц⣬ȴ۽й˳˳Ҳڲס
诶֪𣿡ɻĴϣ棬Ϊ㣬ңʲôԸȥ
Ҷ诶ţﲢ޶ٵĸж
ǰҴδǹ⣬֮꣬ѹӵ㲻ֹһεķҡ֪ҵĺӣκŮ˶ġҺӵĸףֻһˣֻһҶ诶Ůˡ
ô˼飡ΪԼǸүΪҿʼȨƽǮûôҪΪԸŮˡûţĲţôţֻǣΪΪ
Ҷ诶֣ץŵϵĲƤ
ãϵ˶û˵
ͷȥ㿴Ѿ˯ˡ
ףʲô£ôۣ
֣ĸϧԥĳ˫ǶҩôȥɡϾζ۵Ķҩ






022 ֮

䡣֮󿪿ڡ
ˡͷ°İͷ򵽶
ˣ֮¡
Ҷ诶ֶʱͣס㿴ˣ
֮ͷ
Ҷ诶æŤһԡ
ʲôúߵģ֮Ц
˭ˣҶ诶״عͷ˵
֮һһת˾侭԰ףǴˣα
Ҷ诶ЦЦȥ֪ⲻαΡ
ˣϴλշ
Ҷ诶ü޶ûꣿ㷽ҵǳôǸ
롣Ҷ诶δڣ֮ѾڳС˵ļơ
һۣҶ诶ֵ£
֮ҡͷģֲҡ
ʲô죡Ҷ诶һԴȥ鷿ϰΣ
֮Ըһۣתȥ
ԶԶģҶ诶ƶ֮ͷ˲֪˵˾ʲô֮ʺãΪ֮СԴţ֮뿪Լ
ѴӲݵͤ
ﾰºܺá£̾
ˡҶ诶˶ΪҸľ°ɣ
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Ҷ诶ҡͷֻһѾΪѣٸһŮˣҪǽܵĻӻˣ
ȻˣҲˡЦЩɬôܲ飬үҪ
Ҷ诶һ㶣ȻЩӾæˡֻǣݸӶѣô
ĪǲӦ˼УȻү޸飬ôɷȫ
㰮Ҷ诶ڡ
صĵͷ
Ҷ诶ȥһ˼
һˣ˭Ҳֻн㡭
Ҷ诶ȴӰ죬
ҵһμүֻʮꡣʱҽ޸ӣүΪӭסڸͷϣӢ˧ɷһ˫ÿӲ֪Ե˶ٹټС㣬УͰҡ
Ҷ诶һʮ꣬ƨ
ֻǣŮ˭֪Ҷүһ飬ȴ֪ҽ󣬼ԽԽֻ࣬ǣǸ˧ӰȴȻͷȥȥ̽ʺʱżڹΡδֻӢδȴֳ죬ˣҵģҲװˡҽ󣬵˺ܶſȴ治
顣Ҷ诶֪ȲϣȻڡ
ֱǰǷԸ޸үҵһͷǣⲻΰɣҵʱķӦŻ˽㣬ΪҲԸ⡣ǣ֪ܼ޸үһԸ
۾Źʣǣڶ԰㽵
֪ԣҲ֪ŮƣǣЩҶƽϣֻҪܴܿߣֵܷһ˿һ´棬ұ㡣
Ҷ诶ƲһۣôҲ֮ˡ
ǣһеһУȴǷеδΣʧΪҳòǣװ磬۾δͣһ¡ҹûһ¡ʱ䣬ΪһҪңϾһˣϾֻһӡǣҴˣԸ
˵ʣҶ诶һۣĿ⣬ԹޣŶʼŲʡ
ԸԼȴϿһҲ֪ҵʲôҪ˶ң
Ҷ诶΢ţȵĿ
˵ˣǺ
Ǹˣ
ǸԼΪֻ°˼ˣ
ôܣ
粻ǴǸܺ
ǿҶ诶ɻ󣬶
ǸŮˣȴͬһ㡣ҳãĿ͸ң·ڿһˡȻҲǣǣϣδίңƺȢңΪҳԺôůһ㡣ǣ˿ΪжҪáÿλң¶֣Լĵ뿪ԸԶԶĿţҲ뿪
Ҷ诶ͷĵǱŰ
ٴΣʲ죬ҸĸΪλˣٴΣﻬʣүΪλ᲻Ůɫڣң֪㣬Ҷ诶
Ҷ诶Ŀѯʣô֪ģ





023 

һˡ
Ҷ诶ĿһͻȻЩ£Ůˣú֮ʣռ˰ɣ뵽ںϡ
Ŀ⣬ʱ
һֱУ֡
ˣ˵ˡҶ诶ֹ̧֣˵ȥģԼݡ
һ㶣Ŀ
ЩذɡҶ诶ֱ
üͷһ壬ȴܿչЦϢɣ߶š
ߺҶ诶һ㣬ɵϣٶ
ʱҲԵú١
֮˵ʲô˶촽ȴʲôҲû˵ֻǿɫãúϢ
ڴϣԺŰʱ˵ÿһ
ףжģ
ĸ飬š
Ϊ
⣬
һ˿ĸо뵽ǣĻţռС
һա롣
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ģ˯Ϯڱ۾һ˲룬죬
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Ը
诶Ưһۣ˵
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Ϊʲôһһݣһһ㲣
죬æʲôʡ
Цȴ˵
˵ҲνҲù㡣ʧ䣬Թ¡
쳤һǰվ
诶ûԶһ𣬾İҶ诶Լת£漴Ҷ诶§ڻ
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һ죬صϡ
˵ģûߺĲűľϲ
Ҷ诶̧ۣ˫ȵ˫鲻Խչȥ
ԽԽԽԽ
Сַţϡܸоǿˡˡˡ
۾
ԹԵģӡ
ϢԽԽǼ⣬֫ȴһʹüһ壬˫ֱָۣա
Ŀѯʣôˣ
诶㣬ҧҰɣЦʵ
죡һվһѡ
峯αȥȻ󣬾ôĿһĨЦĿ
ߡ
ò׹˵ڵĻֺòײ˶ȴ䣡
ǣڴǧٴΡʱĲʡǣôôʱƷأ
֫ʹƺԽԽء
¶ۼֱȣһ诶ұҧ˶ѡ
û˵Ҷ诶һۡ
ͷ̾һѸվ诶Ҹˡ
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Ȼ̤ߡ
ӹһ˿ʹ
ȻǰӰһĴ϶һ˿ůӦĴ뿪
诶һӵʱҪģɲֹһǣ





024 ˻ͬ1

ߺ죬Ҷ诶Щճ㶵ģôҲû뵽ԼһǾȻᱻܾ
ԣ֮˵ʱѾȥʱˡ
ʧ֮ܿ侲ӿ˿֪֮ŵʱͷ֮һʱ˹ǫ
ֻǣǫδʱ˱㽻һ˵һŮ澽ġ
Ҷ诶ͻͻֽҲЩ΢΢Ĳ
ӬͷСдһ֣һǰ˴·
ģһͣ
ţȹǴܳţ㿴һɫСͣ
ҧȼŷŭĻ棡
ǸŮˣȻҶ֮
ƾʲôԼĶӣ
תͷ˵˼䣬ҴϽΣ
ߵòǺܿ죬ȴҲ
˶ãܾˣȴֺող𲽡
Ϊʲô
죡죡죡

ȻһŮ˶̲ܽˣ
ƾ׽Ķӣ
ڿİͷԼģȴ˵˺
ʱ㵽æʲô
֪֪νѰĶӣ
㵽ʲô
أòãΪʲôԼܳȥԼѾǸŮˣ᲻ôУԼô˴⣬ȻɵΪôֻһƽ
ƽʱŷŮ˫ֺʮͷš
½Σ
ڽ⿪ڣŴ򿪽
æĿһΰĸۡ
ǰ·ں漱š
ܴۡȴûйľ£֮Щ͹ڿտʱмҰ޵Ľ
ѵﾹǵ˽
ܵ·Աʱ֮衣
ˡһ๬װĶԶԶվţȴĴҶ诶Ķ
⸮ۡͨĴҶ诶֮Ҳ߳һ㺹ֻǵ֮
߼ǰһüһϣҪҪʲôҪҼƽ֮󣬲̸
˵ɣֱʡһЦڣַ֣ҲǿӲˣүôϲŮˣ
Ҷ诶ü
ȷ֮ƽ֮ǰúŮ˿ڣԣѡĬ
ˣ촽
䡣ֽ֮űһϣ̧š
û°ɣҶ诶۹ɨֽ֮ţʵ
֮ҡͷ䣬Բ𡣡
»ؼ˵Ҷ诶Ц
˸ƣ˱ԶԶ֮ȥ
˵ɣʲôҶ诶ƽ
û𣿡ʧ
˵Ҷ诶ظ
Ҳԣ֮Ѿ꣬ôʱƺûҶ诶ĻǣΪʲôأ
Ҷ诶ԲԶ֮˵ĻûҪȥشȫ˵ԡ
Ȼ˵ҲˡҶ诶ˣ֪Ȥסڣֵ
Ҷ诶ǵĿһֱ֮ЦɲصģҲô
Ҷ诶һתǰС
㿴һָ
Ҷ诶̧ͷ㿴һ˶ʯӡ
ռشԼмƺԼɣǸԲδӣڱȫù⻬ʯͷɣԶԶȥǡ
ֻǣʲô
˽ŲδͣһֱʯΧܸ߸߷õȥ
໡ء
ͻȻһ޺ֱ
˽Ųһ͡
һ
Ҷ诶һ㶡
棬ҸһָֻؿڣƺǱŵˡ

Ҷ诶һ㶣ţƿ󲽳ǰȥ
Ǿ޿ǰ棬ͷȥ
һֻͻȻߣ
ûһ˿ľ⣬ϸȥãʧ
ǰ
ţֿЦôǰôܻôɣ
ϻˣֹͣУý֫ٷɱųҶ诶ķ
Ҷ诶ʱЩ֣æ˺󼸲
Ī£󿪿ڣϲġ
Ҷ诶⻰ٵͷȥȻͻϷȴʼ߶ȡ
ҲʱҶ诶ȫѪ߰ߣƤëûйΪɽ֮Ǻ۷ȫޣȡ֮ģƣ;ɥ
ܲƣ֪ӲȴȻһһεԾ
᲻ɥƫƫľ룬ȴҲԾȥģ
ֻĸֿڣҸ˵̣Ϊ˱ĺӣᱻ׽
Ҷ诶Ŀ䡣
Ͼ֪Ӳαٰ׷ȥҶ诶ֱߵһԸߴ£ǹ̨ҸϲЩԻҰͳͳŵ棬ɱ˭ţܵģмɱ¾Ŀ֡ЩҲաֻ˵ϻ˵ǲǿЩ
Ҷ诶ڣּʵҲͦġΪĺӣҪ
Ҷ诶֣ճȭɿ
վҪݣǺǣȥĻᵢ죬ȥ





025 ˻ͬ2

ûкӣûǣңϻԺİĴңȴΪ֮֪֡ûкЩСϻ
ˣ˼Ҷ诶ȫ΢΢һЦĸףԶԼĺӡˣֻޡѵ֪𣿻ߣԻؼȥʡ
Ҷ诶ķ̺ӣȴÿɷ̾ʵҲεġ
ʱҶ诶ѾԸȥһۡ
ʱע⵽ﵽйƾһ֮֮ȥǲˡֻʲôС
䲻ڡյĿģӦûǺɣ
뵽һĨЦ
֪ү⼸æʲô
Ҷ诶ҡͷ
˵ЦһԹүȥּϣջشͻĳҲ˵ҡ
Ҷ诶ޱ顣һ㣬֪
ǣһôܣЦȴȿ޻ѿĪ˵ǳѾ꣬ǵʺһأ͹ȥ
ˣѾ졣ü´꣬Ϊ㣬ҹԲȣ˯ݣŴǰ𣡡
ˡһ죡
Ҷ诶ֻﱻֱ죬ţ̫ѪҺϴԣɫһ±糺졣
ģȴһȱѪһ㣬Ĳ԰
ҹ
ưԵѱˣȴΪԸ
򡭡
ֱۣͦڵصӰһ±Ժ
ģȻƱʲôסһ㣬һһµ
Ȼ
ܣ⼸գҶм
ȻȻ뵽ġ˵꣬Цû㣬ô֪Ȼ˵飿
Цȴָֻ糣ֻ˼ֺ⣬ȥҽ飬ǣʺּܲÿʱ׼ϢһʱȻÿնȥ
诶Һۡ
诶˵ҿĵĻɣ
诶һң
ֵˣ̰˯㲺ݣԭȴˣ
ʺ⣬ÿʱ׼ʳϢңҲԳôչǣּܲÿʱҴȥֻһӰң˵ЩʣҲףҶѾȷˣֻҪҼߣҿСΪʲôҿԽ㣬ȴԽң
Ҷ诶ãȻôȥش⡣
˵ֻҪһˡ⣬ڶ˸ôʲô
ֻҪ뿪ͷ֮𣿡ͻȻģҶ诶Ļ
һ㶡
˻ӣοˣҶ诶૵
Ŀ⳯ϻȥ
ʼգˣϻЩԹЩĽδͣЪ
뿪ǲġڣܾİ㳹ġ
Ҷ诶ŭĿȥ
ţĿ⡣
֮Ҷ诶ֻı˺ѳ룬ͷʱ䡣죬ûôš
졣ﴽ
תȥҶ诶Ȼһ͡
ֻͬĸıߵΰ;µĽ
ţ۽㿴һýӰХ
໡ء
ͷȥֻǿﾹһֻͻ
ֻϻӵһͷ­ȵĦš
ˡ
ˡֻδгҶ诶һס졣
С˦֣˵
ǣôһֻϻȵ
˵ţȴϻжֻŵϻǰһԾվ˿ʯڵĿӵףԭֻͻȴһֱ˺ˣֱ˵һʯڵıԵ
ţǰһֻֻĸѷԾĽ̤ںֻϣһԾȻԾʯӣ
Ҷ诶ۼֿ죬Զ֮
ȴ㶵
໣
һХ˵֮⣬ԾϻԾԽΧǽˡ
Σ侲
һУ̫!
ûһıʣ
ӵҶ诶ȴһ˿ˡ
ϻָָſϻǣЩ̵ĸװɣ
ҲҶ诶ĵ
ǣֻĸˣôأѽɻ





026 ϻа1

Ϣʱ򣬹ǫһ¾
Ҷ֮ĸ飬Ҷ诶ΪûˣΪ֮ųģΪ֮诶ĺӡ
֮ڵõϢʱ򣬱ŭˡ
ţٶȵǲ֣ȥӪ֮Ȼ󣬷Ըù£ѹж⡣
޷ȥƹ֮ܳ£ǣбöżеֻⲻ׬
Ƣһطйɣ
ǣ֮ǰӭĺǰһŭӰ
Ҳˣǫһǿ˭
ߡ쿴һϵĹװм
˵껰ȻߡǫʩʩȻߵһ࣬վںǰ±˿ġϾǻʹ
ߡռҹƣѾúϾοǶ֮Ҳûʲô˵ġ
㣬֮ĸסǫȻԼŨŨĴζ֮꣬ǧҹмߣʱ·ʱҹʱ֪»³¿ʼ̧·ڣѪүΪ켸ҹͿԸ˹ô㿴ˣˣҪ˦һ˦𣿡
˵ǫһ֣Գԣ˦ôõõʦڣүӻ֣֮·ˣϾûԺյļΪ
˵ûУʱŭһƬģ⡣
ǫڣҿһãҲİжķʷһһİǰ޷ĸ飡һˣҶԳʧܣ٣ǱףǣΪʲôƫƫ㣡ԣ̰ɫĻүΪʲô㣡֮һĸ˵Ҫְ֣ԼԼ㣬ʸ𣿡
˲̧ͷֱ
ʮ꣬Ψһ϶һݸ飬ǰüۿ˿
뿪֮ǰϣĿһԼıܸǣ̸ֺİ
ʲô˼ʱ𣬽ֱ˫Щվȡ
˰ܣǫǱﱨˬһ£ȴ糣ʼٸߣһƷˡ
䣬ǰɱ
ǫһ㶣Ҳ֮ϡ
һֱԶС̫ؿڣĵү뿪ˡǻʺã˵ݾݵ
һ·𳾣յȥּ
ϻɽѵûбϻһɽ֮ҪʲôŮˣŮϻҪʲôŮϻûУαذͰ͵ֻģ
Ҷ诶Ѹ֮ɰĸӶһ𣬿ЦĿǰŮ˷Ƶͻ
㲻𣿡Ҷ诶ѵúĵĿڡ
죡ȫʧ˽һʱŭߣֻĸ˵µģɳӰҶ诶ΪԼĺӷ죬˭֪Ȼһֻϻֻϻ˳ȥǣ˭һۿһֻϻٲȻĸϻİˣģԼԣ
ʱĶ˺ºǧαָδĶϻҿˣܺã޶𣿷𣿵£㲻֪ôд㳢ζ
Ҷ诶ͻȻЦ
ŮˣͻȻ˵ɡ
䣬Ұְֵ˭֮ҲŮ˵Ľ̧ͷʵû𣿡
Ů˵ĻҲ𣿡Ҷ诶һָ
Ҷ֮ϸĿ˿ǸͬϻķŮˣҡͷôš
ǲˡҶ诶ЦԺ󻹸Ҳű˵Ļߡ
ԭ֮ʱ˲ǴкǶ֮˵Ҫ֪㸸˭ſڵҡ
ǣ֮׵ı°
𣿡֮ʡ
ٵȵȡҶ诶ʼ磬ֻϻ
Ź𣿡֮ü㿴һֱΪʲôôֻϻ
ΪֻϻаҶ诶ش





027 ϻа2

ǣ𣿡֮òɣôãŮϻĳޣ
Ȼϻûʲô
ֻҪȥٵȵȣǵľǾͻᵽġҶ诶
ǣ֮ﻻƣŵ𣿡
Ҷ诶ش
䣬Ǻǣ᲻ϲ֮˷ܵ񱻰ܵĺӣ
Ҷ诶һۣɡ
Ӣ۾𣿡֮̾Сһ䣬ʵ֪..
δ˵꣬ͼҶ诶һѰƳֱֱǰȥ
ٿǶʱѾһЩ֣׼Ըʯϻˡ
ס֣Ҷ诶һϻһվ˶ǰ˫ۣˮҲ׼˺
ÿЩôãֿʣǰ˺޲óŮ˾ȻֹԼйŲһ䣡
Ҷ诶ЦһҲҪ
Ҷ诶ңҧҲɱ㣬ֻǲҡ
Ҷ诶۾ĴѸٵɨһۣԺ˲һͷ
ֻǣʵΪ̫֮Զˣٳ˶֮ضҲ֮֡
ĵ̾һͷһʯϻĵΪ㣬Ҳ
ǣֻһۣס
ֻϻ۾
񣬾˵Ϥ
ѵǡ
תӣϸϸֻϻ
ǰûôƤëûôϻϵĻ߶ͰĲһ
޴ʧ
໡
ϻһХ
ȰԶ
һǧƱҶ诶վͷԶ
һҲȻҧǰŮˣû¹ɱġֻǣ֪죬ǲġļŭֻļ壬ܶҪꡣԣĺޣ˲䶼תƵֻϻϡЩûɣŮ˶Īģ
ֻǣôû뵽֮Ѿ˺졣
ңյĻֹһˡ
Ҷ诶΢ܲ³ϻŭӺζ
Ÿʲôȣҿ߲·ûô磡һԵĹ֡
ֻǣڵʱҶ诶Ѿ֮һ֣֮ҲܿܵҶ诶ߣҶ诶ŷĵһǰһָ˲乴ڶϡ
ͳͳ¹Ȼ֪ΪһֻϻðʧЩףǣҶ诶ʱѹ˲ôˡòȷеİô׷֣οŮ˾ȻӰסԼӵֽţԼδһµĶӣȻŰǲʹ죡
˲佩ֱںףԼСŮƴӺ伷¡¡
ǼͤʯȥҶ诶Ը

죡Ҷ诶һþ
ϻᡭҧ˵ġҶ诶ϻ˵
֪Ҷ诶һЦô𣿡
һۣ³һ֣ӣ
̧ʯʯȥ
ϻǻżˣЩ˼ǣֻûվԭزˡ
ܿ죬ϻˣȻȫںϣһţҵļʯɱȥͬĸһ㣬һԾԾʯӡ
໡ء
ϻһХ
Ҷ诶ҲóǻĽŻ죬ػɵҸ
䡣֮Ҷ诶½Щš
¡Ҷ诶ϾͰһʱ䣬ϻһʱЩС
ߣҲöҶ诶
һ룬ȴ
ϻֱֱıŶȥ
šң˫ۣ֡
Ҷ诶룬ĪϻҪ
ţѾɿĺǣԱһѾϻܽӴ
ȴϣϻɵĶסŲ漴ͷҶ诶ţһһĿ
һôõصĴϢ
Ҷ诶ٶٿ죬ôùɽ֮
ֻǣ֣ս֮
ϻսҶ诶̧ԴҶ诶ϲ˼¡
ҲҶϻĶ
Ҷ诶۾ֿ֮һϻ룬ϻ¿ڣΪ֮ȡܵʱ䣬Ҫá
£һжܣйȥ֪𣿡Ҷ诶СĵĿڡ
֮ûлش𣬹ЩŴˣȴ⻰ˡ
ʱȴϻ̧˶ԴҶ诶ءĽţδӦ֮ͷ­Ȼ굽ĻءĵС
Ҷ诶һ㶣ָоϤ
!ߴ١
Ҷ诶Сĵ֣ʡ
໡
ϻһβͣĽΧҶ诶Ծţͣ¶̧ͷ
㣬ǰҶ诶ϲ۾ΰɣȻֿ
ӡ
ȻϻĽͷ­ë˲˳Ҷ诶Щɵģ
ǰ
İ
˫ۣϲİѰţֲ˳˳ëúøߺôҶϵˡ
ͷᴥ˴·
ǵĶԻһһƮ·ʪ˶һ㣬˿á
ŮˡȻϻн飡
죬˭ţ
رΧۡǫڸۡܣ˷һĽ㿴һĳ档
һڹ׻վ
Ҷ诶ϲıһֻϻϸ
彩ֱ˵ԹޣǲʣǾ
ֻ֮һǣе䣬ǵľˣ
ֻǣ֮С죬ֻǣ͹ŵôһ





028 

诶ǫڣûˡ
Ҷ诶ͷ΢΢һЦǫлл㡣
ǫһᣬ֪ҵ⣬αлң
Ϊʲô֪ͨ죿Ҷ诶⡣
ûԭ򡣡ǫͻȻЦˣĶΪ
ǫҶ诶ǾĿݣǾɫЦԼЦڲصʧ䣬⣬᲻֪Բ𡣡
⻰˵˺üˡǫӭĿ⣬ģĵףǣȴ˼ʱŽܡ
ԣ㲻˵Բ𡣴Ҷҵĸ֮ʱѾװ׵ĸңûܡԼһֱĴңĴ治ʣΪһ죬һ߽֪ˣͨ·ûСֻһصֻǸ˽롣ˣҲſһʵųԼʧܣ˵Բģҡ
üˮֱͦıǣĴ
ٿòüġ
ģǸϣʲôãȥҸֺγһҸ
Ҷ诶ͷתŬģ
ΪԼģȴεô˵ġ
⵽ף˭Ĵ
ǹ̫飬ǹԼ̫飿
ˡǫճȭԼӵ뻳ĳ嶯
ǫ̧ͷıӰҶ诶г
ǫһͣͣ½Ų
ǣ𣿡
ʡ
յø˫ۣڣҵİˣô
Ҷ诶һ
ôҹǫˡĿڣ絶ۣΨһˡ
˵꣬ȥ
һҲ̲ס˳ջ䡣
ǫԲ𡣡ӣ
֮ǫظȴ´¼
֪Ͷʲôķʽ̸УѾΪǫˡ
ĸ飬᲻֪꣬ԼԼһһߵ죬Ϊһָĸ̡ĸ飬ȴһһӣ١
Ǵġֻǣ˭ϵȻ֮
ģѾԼˣ
ǣȥıӰվǻۡ
ˣ˵ģˣһֱǰ˵İ
ãվü΢򭣬ңңš
Ϊιôã컹
Ͷ֮䣬׻
ֻߣѲ
Ͼôļͥ
ôԼָúȥδӣ
ͻȻĻ
ǸɵϣȻȥ¹
Ľأأ
ĳһϤζƮǼ䡣
һ̧ͷǸѾվǰ
ȥ𣿡ӣЩơ
ֱֱ˵

һ㶡
׳գ
ɵϣ
Ŀˮȴ
۾ڰ˫˽ĻȻţ
һһ룬Ѿס
Բ𡣡ͷϸ
ᣬʪǰص·һֱ
Բ𡣡ø
ͻȻʲôƵģƿӡ
ȴһץס֣ϥǲҴ䣬ܷӡ
Ҫ˵û¡
æվŵô죿᲻ۣվſ𣿿ȥ£·𣿲Ȼҡ
ָͻȻĴֹ˵ȥȻȥ





029 Ϊ˭

أڴϣʵ
Ҷ诶һ٣ˡ
ִڴߵ֣Ц诶治ţĽ𣿡
˭˵ģҶ诶һۣҪ֡
æסŵ诶
ҿˡҶ诶
С˱֮ʱܵˣСһҶ诶ŨŨĹģģʱ
㣬ɵҶ诶վûټִ֣֪ⲻԼϥϵ˺ۣΪɣΪʲôҪôأ
һЦʱ˧ޱȣֻǣЩվ᲻õġ
ȻһȻɫЦ˰ɡ
ЦȴôǿͿɬ
˵ʲôЦݼ̲
˵ˡҶ诶ģͻȻÿɬޱȡѵԼĳʱ쾹׽ŪԼ޷ܺһŮ˹һȻ֪δǣָоںâڱ
ˣ˧üëһֱ۳ϰսҶ诶˵ˣ
ôǻʺá⻰˵ڣȴһ
Ȼ£˫ۣ̾һ诶һΪ𣿡
Ҷ诶ҡͷֿ۾ԼĶڵ죬Щȡ֣ǣҾԲԼ˻Ůˣ
仰һϲ˫ۣ诶˵ˣ
Ҷ诶ȻƮϼֺΣͷ˵
ӳŲŲ֣Ŀڡ
ʲôɴ˫ۡ
Ϊʱʲô
Ҷ诶һ˵ϥǣһ£ںΪܾʱůů˺ࡣ
漴ַСϣȥԼ֮ա
۾´ëģͶһ㰵ӰСɿɰıֱͦȴ͵ı˫ţȴ΢΢Ļȡ
ڶʣܰгڶк
һ̣ﾹޱȵۡ
Ҹԭô򵥡
ôôš
ã˶û˵
ӳʶ̳ʶ֪మĳ棬һһεԺӰĴĻȣԽԽ
⣬ԼŮˣ
ֵԼȥȡŮˣ
⣬ҲǵһԼкһһ뷨Ůˣ
ô¾İɣ
һһһ˫ˣԼγǣ
ΪУΣ
ͻȻһɣǷеļƻϲÿһʼ
ԼѴˣ
졣
š۾һ̵ۣġֱг˺
ġ
š
棬ȴû
Ĵ裬֪ʲô˵
Ϊ𣿡
ٺܿ죬ƺʻ˺ìܣ֪ò˵ֻǣվֲסģһ˲ʵ˳
˫˲󣬺Ķһ˫Цˮӡ
𣿡ģʡ
ϵıѰζ⣬ִż־ȣеζ͸Щ
𣿡֧ͷһֻա
˵ŮûڣȥС˵˵ûˣҲ
һüʱǵ㣬ϴ˵Ů˶֣ԭ֪ûбռˣ𣿡
ûУҶ诶˫
춨
ȻһЦ诶ɰ
֮һѾѹҶ诶һࡣ
ǣôܻΪһŮأЦҿµķүȻǸ಻Ҳ˵ùȥǱ˳۲Ųģ
Ҷ诶½ë֪ʲô
⼸꣬Ȼδ¥Էģȥ˲ٴεġĳ˼ţ
ȴڿŮ´ҧһ̣ͻȻֵֻǣ̻֮رϾ̻֮أȻûһñϵģ
һ˿ײЦţּԣֱֻܹãδˣô˵ΪأҪǴȥ滹ĸ鰡
䣬Ҷ诶һͷѹӳߵЦŭȥļ˰ɣ
诶ۼֿ죬һץסҶ诶֣˳һҶ诶Ļͷ³Ϣջƣҵļ˰
ҿɵ𣡡Ҷ诶ۣȴ¶֡
£ͬʱҲûǰҶ诶̶ԼǰɼҺѾܾûŮˣ
ֹǵˣҪҪҡ
ôѾʲôһѹ£Цаȣ㣬һ
죡̧ȡ
оѹס˫ȣЦ˾ôݣΪü꣡
𣿡Ҷ诶˵ȴһЦ
诶ͷߵҪҪһ£Ǽ٣
ʲôԻ
㲻֪ǲļûŮ𣿡˵ͬʱһһСɵĶϣõķһΡ
ˣˡǣߵһֱȥ岻ɵ÷ҲĪĻҡ





030 ҵ

˵ģһȣһ졣
ǫͷһƣɫѹֵʹࡣ
ôôɵ£һѶľƱ
ദֵ꣬ܣҲ޻̸ֻǣҶ诶İȴһֱղ̸ܶĬ죬ǫȴĸѾˡ
⣬ôùʧɫأ
Ȼδ˵˶Ҷ诶İģѿһòʱȻ׾ͷ
ԭ򣬾ȻΪǸү
ؿԵԸǹǫʤϾĸ֧šڣʤˣǺ
ġ诶ĸ飬Ǽٵģ
֮£Ϊʲôƾһ֮ȫ԰ƽȥ˳µһ׳գҹһֱ㵱ֵܣû뵽㣬㾹Ȼȥһˣ
ǫȻ˵ִƱֻһһĺȾơ
ˣҲܡһԵ躣Ƶ
ͺ𣿡İŭŽһʹ֮ɫ޵Ĺǫ
ֻһھƣɬ
˭˵ģҲţ԰ľƱڵϣҺ诶ݹãҵӣһ㣬˭Ҳ޷ϣضҵģ
ڵϣ죬䡣
ǫӵƺ
뿪𣿡躣ûʲô飬ֻǷڹϵֽϾǻʺáʼҶˡ
ǫһЦȴᡣ
˵ʲôһץ躣ڣ۾ŭ˭˵诶ѡƾʲô诶һİҶ诶ʱҳ𣿾ΪүǾͨͨҪ𣿡
躣üһ壬֣̾ʵ
޺޵ķ֣һãܺã诶˵Ҹ١ڣȥȡԼҸų򣬾Ծɣ
˵꣬ȥ
Хῡʵϣֻǣ˫峺ӣȴŭ͡¡
诶û
ţ
ԼԶôᣬôˣᶣԼ£ˣ˸ıԼԶģԼıԶ΢Цģ֣ҲǾЦļ磬˵һСġ
һŮӣ
ţ
Ҳ޷ţ
ȻͨġǰûҵԼҪҵˣᳵ·߽Ҷ诶Է
诶о·ϵĹûעƽʱڣݵľֱƿš
ǣǰһĻ峺۾øģŭУ
ھĶһ㶣Ҷ诶ȷӦһ˿ЦһɵķӺҸ´˳ֱվڴߣһ㷢
ɫ࣬ͷߣŭŹ
˹ʱһҶ诶һһǼ٣κҶ诶˵ϥˣóѡһЦ˵ŮϣҶ诶ǲھ֮ʣ֮ˡ
ĸ˵ã
죬㣡ֱֱָ̤ź죬ŭ̫
쿴һҶ诶ﴫš˳һ㲻ʮ塱ѶϢȻ󣬿ҲһۣһԵıӣ˯
㣡ǰȥǱӡ
Ҷ诶ۼֿסǸǳȥ˵
Ͼ˼켸ҹжôƣƢôưոݣ»ѹȥӵɣ
诶ǿģǲǣֻּץסҶ诶֣诶Ըģǲǣ
Ҷ诶Ҳ˵ֱŹ˷š
诶صģʹΪүֻҪ㲻ԸҼʹȥҲᱣף
诶㲻ϲǲǣϲôܻڵȥ㲢𣿡
诶˵һ𰸵ģ˵ҵӵģ诶
Բ𡣡һֱĬŮͻȻĿڣȴɹһֱŵĲ֪ԵӰ
һɲ䣬֮û
ֻԼǻһſҵġԡţģпѵ
诶ãСĵĿڣӵģ˵ʲô
Բ𡣡Ů¸ҵֱ˵ӣһ쵶Ŀն飬ʧˡ£Ҳ
᲻ġӾŵĺˣȴһ˲ǰУץסҶ诶֣诶ѾҵˣľݣˮѾóˣ㣬ҵʲô˶ߵģ诶ͷ˵˵ĶԲԣ
Ҷ诶Ŀ⸴ӵĿȻӡòϣĸ飬ġ뿪һֱڵĲ벻ѰԼ׵ܵһ㣡
ǣҪοпʵ
һ̣Ȼһų뷨һлָǰӰɣ˭Ҳô˭Ҳ˺ڣһȴ˺ü
ǣԼΪʲôĲ᣿
ǸưԴԵˣΪһ˿һ㣬ԼϣԼ޷ˣ
Բ𡣡ȥֻ֡
㡭İ𣿡վͷȥֻ
һЦǣȴֻޣһΪ¼ӱȴһȴʹˣǰԶǸ㰮мɾŮӣǰһԼҶ诶һһ˵Щûоԣôӿ˳Լδ뵽ԭֻںǰŻԼŲαװ
ֻжװôۡŮӵĿǰδеᣬ˵ף
̧ͷԼ
诶飡
ǣֺ̣
ЦȴõЦᣬȴӱ˵ֺۣγ븧ƽеĴˣһһ
ֻ֣컯Ūˣˣ
诶Ҷˡ˧ٿ崿ЦתһȻӡ
߳ЩֱҵĲһĵи޷޵Ľţ
ǫƭң˵ҸԼҲҸΪҵȴʹ
ǫվûҵҸҵҵҲ֣ҸǣΪĵײʵôǿң
ǫȵңһ
ǫģǷҲʹ
ȥ̽ףٺ٣űȥֲ˼ڵҪͣˣѽĪҹ





031 Ϊζ

Ҷ诶վţŹȥıӰ紵ĳȹƮ¡£ԲȱǶ֪ȱµźᣬ˭뵽ҲĲҺۣ
վתֿԼԷ
ڻǳԼİ
֪õղŵĻġ
ǣת֮ķȥ
ȴ֪ԷĸߴĻ󣬳ĬƬ̣Ҹ红ͯ㵸ѡ
ʲôҶ诶ֻƣ
֮һͶĻڴ䣬ֻϻа
Ҷ诶סεҪҸ㼸ΣأʱԵɺϣҾԲźһһʱ䡣ֻǣû뵽ȥˣȻǵҡ
ð̳֮𾪵Уĺð
ˣڰѾعɽ֣ȥѰİ˺ͱأҲصˣòã
Ҷ֮ͷʵ䣬𣿡
ô֪ˣҶ诶һ㶡
ҿǽ˷䰡֮СһĨƻЦ䣬ϲΪʲôϰ
Ҷ诶ɬһЦԼϲѵĺӶܿԼֵģôԣ
ô֪ϲֺڣⲻŸ֮˵ʵ
Ҿ֪֮һ⡣
ô֪ģҶ诶ʡ
Ͳ㣬Ͳ㣬Ͳ桪ߡ㣡֮С˵裬Сַڱβ״һƤ
Ҷ诶Ҳ̲סЦˣֻǺֱܿ״˵ˣˡ
֮æסҶ诶壬Ҷ诶ûа취ΣҸˡ
Ҷ诶һۣ˵
Ǻҵġ֮һܵģ˸͸ź˷µ˷ܣѧңʱ棬ʱͶңʱ˵һЩ飬ңҲҸһЩ
Ҷ诶ԭ꣬һֱעԼ
ԣǰ£Ҷ֪֮Խ˵Խ˷ܣ˵һΪΪ˵ȻѾǷޣôһӶǷޡһҶ㲻Ҳ̹ңһΪʦΪҺú룬Щһġ
Ҷ诶Цһ
˵ǳˣȻ뿪ǣûиΪʲôܡ֮˵СһЩģҶ诶䣬Ϊʲô³أôףþö档Ҳûпҳź
Ҷ诶һ֮û˵
Ѹˡ֮صĴսҶ诶˵Ҹ㣬ǣҺ˵
ô˵ģҶ诶ͻȻЩš
˵뿪ʱ򣬶ѾˡǵʱĺԾûиһ͵͵İ˵Щ֮һӣǺǣ䣬㻹ϺҰְ𣿡
Ҷ诶һվһ»
ܣܣô֪أ
廹˵
Ϊʲôְ֣Ҷ诶ͻȻʵ
Ŷ嵣˻˺ҡ˵ɱܶ໵ˣЩ֪Ķӣǻ˺ҵģԣҲŽ塣֮ϸĽͣ˿ûעҶ诶ɫԽԽѿ
ô˵֪
ǣôأ
֮Ѿ˵ĺˣûеȥɣ
ôİǶԼģǣҪĶӣ
ͻȻȫ
һ˿ǳǳĺĵһ㣬ԽɢԽ
ǲԼġ
ֻʹҲûԼôǿҡ
һУȫΪĺӶѡ
ôʲôأ
һ̣ӲŰŮһ԰ס
ͻȻãû˺İԼģ˵ʹ
վСĵƿ֮û˵ʲôһһ߳ţԼķȥ
֮һɻĿıӰС죬ôˣһûи壬Ұְ֣жϲأ
ƿţֱߵߣȴǸΪƣ˿Ӧú˯һЦĿ
诶һѰӵͷľ䣬ĶǺǵЦ⡣
ʲô£ôˣ
ΪԼڽ˳ӵԼĺ
죬
û֮㻹ᰮ
ţʡ
֪֮εҪңĸסҶ诶ƿС˵
Ͼһ˿ΣץҶ诶֣诶Բֻ̫صҵߣŲ֮
˵ּʵҲ֮ĸףԺһ𣬺úõ۰
Ҷ诶ɫƣ̾Ҷ诶£ίðɣǸȻ֪÷ȥԻľ뷨ɣǣûа취ˣŻ뵽ӷֵġ˭Ӳأǡ
δ˵꣬㵵Ŵ۾ŵĿԼ
Ǹоǿָ߰Ů񣬾ͶĻס
诶뵽֮ǰ͹˵Ļ˵ֻǰŻжαװĵ׵ۣʱӵ̾ͷİŮ˻ӵš
Ϊʲôң
棬С
һ㶡⣬ʹԼǧ飬ΪʲôΪʲôΪԼӵйӣΪرôֻԼһʱôꣻôΪʲôվûд𰸵ġ
Ҳ֪գҡҡͷǰûԭֻΪ㣬ԲŻᰮ
ڣ
ŮӵƵġ
ҡͷ
ˣ
ãûлشŮӴ̧ԴŵĿ
ˣס漴ΪȥյỨֻĵһϧôˣ





032 

졣ȥḧӣҵĸңǷڣһʱһ̣ңǰġ˵ģҲԶҲΰ飬ǣƭ˱ˣȴƭԼġҴûк˵ɣҰ㡣Ҳ֪ݰ᲻ܾãڣǴڵġҴδȥһˣҲδһסԡ
ÿĴͻȻĴָǣǾ䡰Ұ㡱𺳵ʱѣˣˣ仰ӣôҪ˵ȥδʲôѣʲôͿˡֻΪҲǰŵġӣ󺣣飬Ҫ˵㡣诶ֹ㣬ǰҲԼȻᰮһŮӣңݰ˵ļᶨִšҳڣҵݸңŮǺ֮ĽҪõĹߣ鶼һУ̸ǣ˵ģû˿ƭԼġҵҲңİˣһֵһһԣϣȥŮӡΪ㣬ʲôԷ͢سдȨɵйЩʲôأû㣬һҪôʲôãԣһȥ㣬Ҳ˵确ˡĻҡ
ִ֣ӡһǣ诶ңӽ֣ҲſĪ˵ڣǽĽأֻͶ̥תңԶ׷㣡
ãĿ⻥š棬̫飬̫𺳣̫ĸдҲ̫ϲ
Ҳ̲ס̾һ뻳Ĵȥ
Ҷ诶
诶һſ
Ůս죬һۣڵңһҪ㡣
ܵĵͷѹĵ׵Ļ磬ѵĿڣףһʲôû˵ף
Ǹ֮Ҷ诶ͷȥ㣬ĲǱ˵ĺӣ
ͺһ۾ͷֵһЩ׼ȷѰĴЩԵȥ
㻹ûСش𡭡š
û۵ڣ޼ɵƷǧεķ㡣
ͼŮڳͻĲУδ˵ڵĻֱӳ˽ȥ
ҲΪ⻹лشıҪ
һϣ뿪Ĵ˳شղŵ⣬˫ۣ죬˫Լǵ΢΢ŵģڲٷϻһԼѹϡʵ֤δŮ˵Ѿջ
ϰߵ뷴˫ȸжͱĲס
诶ͺģһһ䵽Ķ
šһ͸ȫЩӦͷȥҪ
𣿡Ц͵صͷסСԲĶСĵ¡
پһֲɵȥҪڣ˵ҪҪǣȴκ
֪壬ʱУֻȫеܹһ㡣ǰǺڷƴʱҲûġ泩
诶ͳ룬һ֣һǰ촦룬ůĸʣһ±ѹ𣿡
ǰȻһ⣬δӦǣѾŶھϣ£ǰء
ȴyinûЩӦԼ
ӶȴԼٲɣͷߢǵʮ㴥ĸϵĽۡ
͵һ֮ʵؼϣ޳ĴϣѰϡ
Ŷʵ˲Ӵ󣬰һͺĳݣЩҧ֮ϣϡ
ʱ룬ͻʹһҶ诶˹ͺʹ
ϵûжҲûпڡ
ɿ˿ڣʹܿʧֻǣһǿҵȴԽԽԡ֣ĵĻı
ҧ´ѹԼĪҪ
!ڣֲס˫Ȳ
֪ԼʱжôգǣȴΥıܷӦĿ룬ôεʶӮˡ
Լ˿̣ôҪ
찡ˣֻǼǶѣѾмܲס
Ϊʲôûж
ɻۿȥȴϸǰ̧ͷӡ
诶ĴߣһĨְջЩϧĿЦԲ𡣡
ţûд˵ѹ
ңˡӷ޷޵ȴϥǵ˿ڣһ죬ŭģȻô͡
ֻͷҶ诶һί诶ңһûнȥأ
¶Ҷ诶Ļ˷ʲô£ŴĻȴԽԽҲ̲סſͣǺǵ޼ɵЦ
㻹Цûгͷһ
ǺǣǺǣҶ诶Ҳ𣬼ģʧɾʣµģֻĪĿĺͷ´½һľ档
ˣǰƻˣ˿̣ȴ
ôֻ˵һ£ĺܾúܾòŮˡ
ģͻȻߵЦЦϵЦԽԽ
ɫȴԽԽѿκһ˶޷裬ɺ޵ǣȴ֪˵ʲôΪԼ⡣
˵ûжǸЦû֦Ҳףǵѡ
ٴȥݺźЦĴ
ɫȴ߳Ǽ䷿ֻǣ˼һһĴƻ˳ĺӡ
æʲô֮Դ˰죬վûнȥţԹԵһ˳ȥ
֮ԣ֪ͯˡ
졭㡭Ůġ
ղŲ֪˭ЦӻЦ
ˡš
ҪҪҫԼʮ㡣ôԽսԽ£

Ҷ诶





033 1

죬Ѷȫޡ
һһ鰲οԼҲƲסĵһһðĺ⡣
诶ҡ
Ļڶϣĸ»ڣµǺûʧǣˣȴûг֡
Ϊʲô⣬нôһֻһͣǾǣ޷
ȨĲƸĵλվǷŲ¡


ĵһڼķȴִĲȥǰôʴȣڸһ¹ɵĶָ֮һһԵ
š
ֻݰôĲš
ǣÿ죬ɵɵģɵɵģôš
ֻǣʱôϣưдŰô뱻ӵ뻳ô֣
ǵģˡǣû뵽ĺ澹¡ʧȥ±ƭˣ顣ԭСıĶ
վָĽһԾǰ˵밮˶ǰ׳աʱ֮ԱǡڣˡļǿţһϦ֮ʧ
飬ħ
һ𡭡
ĴŹƻ黰ƻڶϣԼΪλĻûʧ
诶
͵أһĶڣٵתδȿڣ
죡
һЦ⣬ȴżֿɬ
躣Īʧ⣬ǿ񣬡ô
躣߹ǣҶ诶־ߣȺҽ챻ˡ
Ϊʲôһ˲䣬֮ǰԺɺͲ²ʱӿ˽µĲ˲ָŮǿ˵侲ͻǡ
ʥȥһй񣬽ȨһвŮ̴Ҳȫ乫ֻ󵱽ʵһȥ֮
ֻǣ˷оմŭѾڹھա
Ҷ诶˲紺ˮޣֻʣǲ´ů⡣İվֵεġǸˣΪҪУ
ӯӯʪ֣һɻôʵΪʲôҪң
躣ؿڣС㣬ʵۿɲеģ
Ҷ诶һνı飬εҲ֪ѲŰȨƣǣǻϣ갡ֻ֪֪Ҫһ仰û
Ҷ诶΢򭣬ͷ֪ô˵
£Ѿȸ߹ǣңú˵ŮӣҲʵһ档ұⲢˣֻǣ躣̾ԵĿԺ诶黢㾡Сİɣ
ôᵽȥҶ诶ķ⡣
ҡ躣
ˣʱ˵Ҷ诶ҧҧ´ȽһЩǡ
޿ܿ죬˹֮⡣
Ľݣĳţ߸ߵĳ¥Լش̫Ҷ诶ţȻҪ̤ʹȥһǴ˵еˡ
ֻǣ̫ǺǣңȥͻʼҵƺͻԻͰ硣ûйٽףûݣΣ躣ȻֻƾǳĽݣƺԶûоͷĻȣÿһţҪȽȥͨһᣬŻѾ˵˳żɤӵ
ǣһֵĽݣһֵػء
ڣ˾ǰ
죬ʮʱǼ̵ʱ䣬ǣΪڼʱоѾܾδˣ
Ŀʲôģߣ
һǳǳˮۼͷһᣬҲ̲סǰ˫ִ䴩ȥĻסǰ





034 2

诶ˣͷβסϲá
š躣һɤӡ
ģ쿴Ҳ˿˼ɵ§ԼİŮˡ
Ҷ诶ȴûڣ̽ͷСſҡ
һЦſ裬λ߹ȥλӺܴҶ诶̻塣
ʱ䲻࣬£Ҫȥϡ躣ȭͷѿڣģֻô࣬ʣµģԼȡ
˵գתȥ
Ҷ诶һɻĿ򺣰졣
躣˿ûие⣬ôֻ˵һ£Ǿǣ֪һС
ˡҶ诶ָźεۣ㷹𣿡
诶ס֣һ˫ÿЦ˼֮࣬ܲô
Ҷ诶̲סһЦһۣ񴫵Ľᡣ
˫ļ磬ӵڻ̾诶Ҳģǣʵûа취
ҶĵĿǰޱİֻҪܺһʲô¡
һ̣еɺ͵ͳͳһ̣İģģһȷԼİҲҪ
ʵҺͻϵĸ黹㲻ֻǣ̫Ϊ̫ɣһƬТģֻԼңټϻʺһԽˮԣԽԽ鷳Ϊ˺ֻǲûΪѣҲȢ˶˭ϣ˵ѡǹһ˿ЦƺǶβҶ诶ܵӣΣֻܳ²ߣϣöſҡ
躣аʲôɫҶ诶ֵڹֻһʦѣôһʵ۵뷨
Ǹܣڻʹ˸𡣡ĵıǼ⣬Ϊ͵躣ΪʱΪɫʦͻ޼ȤʮͶ˵ʮҪõѡ躣ΪʲôΪʺ躣ʵҿǰôô޸أ˸ҿּǣֻ躣һˣôҲںûϳ谮֮ˡ
ֻǣº֪躣Ҳϲʺ󣬵ʱһлʲô壿躣¸һЩǻҸһ𡣵û֮뿪˻ʹҲûлϣһֱĴΡһΣǵ£Ҳæмӣ˵еŮӣǲ㣬Ҳġ
Ҷ诶ͷԭ
û뵽躣һι
ܿ죬ϸͻأ
ϼݵ
ʺݵ
һƷ˵
վ𣬴£ء
Ҷ诶ЦЦʾģųԼ֣ȹǣĹȥ֮ŵͣͷ档
챻Ȩΰݡ
ΧͻȻúܾ
ǼƮһ㣬Ŷ·ʱĦ嶣˵춯֮һֹڼž
μϣ꣬ǧꡣһʩ
񸾲μϣ꣡μǧǧǧǧ꣡μһƷˣ򸣣Ҷ诶Ȼʱѧģ˵òô⣬ҲǲģֻΰݵǸЩġ
ʱӦ˵ƽĻںȴûһ˿ڣ֪˵ĿڴԼҲ͹ԹԵûж
ֻǣ룬ֻһ󱳣ܿã
Ȼûãһϵ񡣡
лϡҶ诶ŵվһԡ
̧ͷȻӹɵֻǣ˼ֺ档
Ҷ诶һ̧ͷ
ǣ˸ղͺλϣһλһĵ
ŨֵüۣȻһ࣡
ֱͦ䲻쿡Ĺȴͺ첻¡
㣬Ҷ诶һ󣬻ʵۿڣʧ
ػϣ񸾡Ҷ诶ߴЦ
ΪһŮҪݵ𣿡ʵѯĿ⿴򺣰죬Ųм





035 3

Ҷ诶ıһͦúֱ
ϳȫ첻
ʵڿŮкζ֮òҲȴ̸̸£֪֮ܿˣȴδظϵ죬룬Ҫһɡʵ۵һԽԡ
ػϣ诶ǳ֮òҲޥģȷȷʵʵǺ֮ˡ쿴Ҷ诶ĿԶ׼飬룬ݰԳΪҵɡ
ʵһüжమ
һУ档Ҳ֪ݰж֪ⱲӣҪŮˣֻһѡЦⲻȡ֮ģһִź棬ʹҽҲſ֣
ڻʵֱλӺݻŮӿڣȻĸĽףһҲǰΣ飬ڻʼ˵ݳƷеݳƷ⣬죬˵𣿻ڴˣıɣ
Ǵ⣬ֻǴȷѣð֮ϻʺ΢΢ȴ˿߹ʡ
Ҷ诶ǻʺȥĸµĻʺȣǣ躣ϲŮˣʲôģ
̧ۿȥȴյһĿ⡣ηĴȴݣü߱ǣȻǵŮȶҪϼ֣֮һ߹󻪷Եʳױȡ
ĵ̾Ϊ躣ʧǰȷˣֻǣﹴĶô꣬ĥȥ崿ᣬʣµģֻʱʱļӲĴԼ˺εĶɺͷ
Խһ˿ζ𣿡
㻰أʺᣬֻڻǰŻֳɡ
Ҷ诶ֻǿź졣
һ㶣ƺû뵽ԼĽΪԼȡһڱװĻᣬһЦ¶ݣүˣүĹ
үҶ诶̲סڣԴ֮һ£ŮһøҲûˣѾǹ٣֪˵ĸү
ȭڴһЦ⡣
ǸޣûӦʰĴǹ٣ԣȻүϽӵʺ۹⣬òڡ
һ죬үʲôݣ档
أϿҶ诶
ػϣ񸾲ԡҶ诶üס
˵޷ϻӻ֣ʾ˵ȥ
Ϊνİֻǹߵ黯֮ʣҲǾ֤Ψһ;İӦóԽݵλײаˣӡײĲû𻨣ԶеİۡôĿʲôҪҸңǡǡͱȥʲôҪģֻǡ
˵Ҷ诶̧ͷź죬˸źÿĻȵ˫¶һ˵΢Ц죬ܹҸ
ڶʱһƬף˵Ŀⶼۼ˿ŮϡĿ飬ںϣֻҪϹӣκһ˶ܿԺж
˫ĻؿǻҪϷƲסԼĴ
СҵҶ诶˵˵ǲ֪棬Ǽ٣Ĳ
ţɤӣ䣬˼Ҳôһ𰡣޿ô˰ɣȻүȻλŮӣϲΪ룬Ӧòɣ
л϶䣡΢΢ܺͽһүǳ檵ҡ
ã¡̧֡
ϣ챧ȭ֮ǰѾ˵ĺףһֻҪһ飬ˣ˶һӣϿ
ôվȥŮڻӵұ𣿰ǲԴˣ
֮޸ܣ诶һˣԵֹǧϣȫͷ
죬㲻Ҫ̫ʺվŭ⣬żһֲ۸ôѾ޸㣬ѻ٣ʲɣ
Ҷ诶̾ˡ
ʺҪһã꣬Һһָͷһ⡣أԶΪѾǣеĶżˡ
һò죡
ֻҶ诶΢Ц
ü򺣰죬Ŀһ˿
ʺСĵĿڣֻǣѾôĲš
˵үˣүĹͻȻ̧ͷϾż־ܣǷңǱ̧̧ġһ㣬Ҳı䣡
ʺΨһһҲⷬ飬ĵص̾һĵɵã½Ҳ޷ˡһ꣬Ȼû㡣˵ʲô̫飬̫飡ǴԶ׼һҪŮӣ£ʹˣǣһӵ·ôȷҪȥ𣿲㲻
ϣѾ£ֻǣΥҲΥգջسɰɣ־ᶨ
ִҪȥְΪһ㣬ҲҪ׷𣿡ϲش𺣰죬ֻ
棬οƶЩʣϿ
죬ٵΣ䶬еĻԣܷ
˵ĺáף죬Σվǻ׹ݣݵĿǻʼҵ޲㣬ʵǡ
ϣʼҰҲǾеġȵ۲ΪһС¶ѵĻʼңҲû𣿡ͱˡ
㣡İŭź졣
ΣΧֻЩصĴϢ
޽ڣϿڣ֮վڼȥ
쿴һҶ诶





036 4

Ů̫඼ụ̂Ͼ¹ϵʼԵϺͺҺŵĴϣλ¸Ůˡ
Ҷ诶ǰɣʺ󿪿ڣʵ۲ڣĿȻһд󣬡㣬ݲ𣿰ҹΪһĸлݵºǧһССϵүô
ʺˡҶ诶Щ³çĴĻֻǺ죬ҴδȥǲүܲܽԼӵŮ£Ҫͷʺġڻʺݺǧȴһˣ诶磡
㣡ʺֱָҶ诶˭ҲҶ诶ļ֮⡣ֻǣȴ֪ηĸŮ˲ϣԼɷֻԼһĸŮ˲ԼɷֻԼһˣ
Ҷ诶Ҿ۷ʲôҶؽ֣Ҷ诶Եĺ⡣
޵Ҳӣ
һŭôŮ˶ʱ
ϳȫǺִŵ
𣿡ŭС
ǻڱңҲŭ⡣ҵӦúҪĶûʧֹҲҪĶκҲңգҾͰѻ˵ΪÿԼİŮĻʹ۸ΪҲִҲͻʲôͻԣźȰǹȫ˻ʼϣǣû뵽ΪһŮˣ㵱Ҫҷ㲻ϧðʧȥɽΣҪΪ𣿡
ʺʱһָ૵ˣˣ
죡㾹ޣ
ৡһŮ˲԰ɫ
Ǳʵ
κζֻۡһ̽ȻǺƺ
үүȷӦứ£Ųȥ
ʺһץסУ㲻ȥ
ǸΣɱǰһס˵ʲôǾǶԲá֪ϲ죬ǣں˵Ƿ֮ԶжżԶǸǷǡõĽ֣ͬʱԺʼתżŵԶֱʵſ
㣬Ҫȥ㡭ˮκαʺץס֮£㶼˳
Բѷ治ﵱĸ첲ڻϵĽ£ң
ġŲҵĳȥ
ǣϡֻǣſһߴӰסͣ£ײ壬æ˼ڵϡ
ôôҪ׷ȥ𣿡ϾӸµĿ
ϣʺЦ߹סϵĸ첲Сֻһʱǣ檻ᰲضżңúụ̀ܽں죬ϧοҲ֪ҼʵڲôԣԺĹޣҪ϶ӷأ
ϴЦһҲ֪Ƿ̻ʲôʺȻǸɴ֮ǰ˵һôͺƲϵˣ
ϣʺڨЦţҲ֪ҶżҵģʣһΪϣôԼӺ治һأϷģ檽վͰͻضżҡ
˵Сĵ̧ͷһۻϣɫֿ࣬ڵԣּķŰɣ
ȷȻЦ
϶䡣ʺſϵֱۣ΢΢ʩ
ӵ̧ͷϣ׼ȥȥ
ʺʱʣµĻȥ
ּ΢УȥһƷ˳ƺţشһ֣Ӵ˱Ϊ
ּȥĹһֲ©İʥּ˳ȥ
ϡ̱
лϡʺ󴽱һײЦϣŮӣδã
ʼգҶ诶ʼվվͷ֣ı顣
ô
˭˵ˣ
һ̧ͷȥ㿴ΡȻվڻһֻڸԾ˰Ѫ͸
Ҷ诶ʱ̧ͷ˲伯У·ɿǰУƹϺͻʺߣַסеˣ
ǺһĨЦͷߵٵģ޷
Ҷ诶ϷҪȥȥд򣡡
ûʺɫ䣬һۺ죬ֿһۻϣҧҧ´վû˵ʲô
үӵϻᣬȴһЦ죬ֿЦҾ֪ûҾ֪
أƿ壬Ҷ诶賯ȥڣֻһѲʲôү
۾һ˲úܴãŷӦͨһڻǰ£ϣϣүû!ûջسջس
㵱޵ּǶϷôĿڣߵеλ£ʺ󣬴ȥ
ʱЩ飬ôڹгɳĻʺ̫׳ˣ޺޶ź죬ŭ㣬㾹ҡ
ʺ󣬺ʲôҲûϾĿֻ㣬̫ļЩ
ϡŵĿϣȻͬƭʺѵôҪϣ˸ղſڳ治֮ԣն϶ᣡ
ʵ޸ղŴ˰ͺˣϾҳس湦ɣ⣬ӣȥһйְջбȨԵ𷣡οҲˣֿʺ󣬡֪ã飿
ϡʺִڡ
ɣϰڰ֣һʺȻҲԷϣûͬô࣬޷ˣȥɣ
Ҷ诶һЦתߡ
һ£ͻȻС





037 ҵ֮

ϻҲܿĲԾ޺޿Ҷ诶ͻȻԼΪûɱʹǣҲܺùȥңӵǿ
òĶϻٵҲᣬøˣ
ϣ췸۾֮뿪վͱˡ
ȥĶһ٣Ҷ诶ü𣬺֣˶û˵
˵۾֮Ӻ˵𣿡ϼǸ˵ף򣬼ʹǿܸ֮Ҳ㡣
˵ѣһ֪Ͽɻǵãүּʮ֮ǰ
Ҷ诶һ
еķĽš
Ͽһۺ죬ĿŲı⡣񣬺Ѿ˶֮꣬ȴûãĲܡ
ǣȴһӣѾˣһĨЦǣǰûʮɣ
ôܣЦ˭֪첢ûð
ţˣָҶ诶Ŀⶾ
οأҶ诶۾վģοǿ
Ҷ诶㣬д£Ȥ
һ١
ػϣȷһӣͺûйϵҶ诶۾
شܹһʧ
ûйϵЦһԭ֪Ϊʲô£ӵ׶֪ԼѾһĺӣڣ֪ˣ㣬ڱ۾֮ǲǣϧ㲻㣬Ҫֻ֣ܹǺӳ̫ĸףҶ诶㻹𣿡
Ҷ诶򺣰죬һθߺ֮ӵĳȴδһ죬£ʵ顣
죬Բ𡣡ĵǸ
ΪʲôǸģͻȻ
ٿֱӻϣϣҪһˡҪ̻죬ֻǣĲ֪顣뿪ʱû֪ѾУǸӣ뿪ּ֪֮⣬ԣһ㣬ǾǴ࣬ԣ񸾴ҲֻǣŪˡ
Ҷ诶˵ؿغ죬ٴط꣬ңһĽ٣վûӳ
ǣˣһûиࡣĿ⣬ػصλϵϣһУ֪顣ԣϹ񸾰ɣ
𣿡һζ򺣰죬죬㾹ȻûзԼĺ𣿡
ϣ˵ȷ۾֮ʹ֪飬ǣãȴǧȷġʺһԺѣôῴ϶Ժֻ꣬ǣĪ˵вҵλղǳƭ֣û
šɤӣɫ죬֪
ãȴش
Ҷ诶ɻͷȴһ˫ӽԼϣĿоϲϧŭ⡭֮ǧ̰ζС
֮ҵĺӣڣɬɬģԵĽš
Ҷ诶̾ͷ
Ҷ诶ĥ˵С
һ룬ĴһȵϢ
۾˲󣬲Ŀ򺣰죬ﴫһѶϢڹ϶أ
ȻУȴҲѸ٣ĴζΪֻѡ
ȿȣΣȣ˵
ϣиҪҪ죬ˣ쳯һȭһ룬δȻʺͶǽǵѹҶ诶Ṧ뿪
ϣȥ׷
Իһһ֣̾ĵװۡ
죿Ҷ诶Ļ͵͵һӭ󣬿ǣ֪õ
ǣȴͷ
ӣʵš˵ΪʲôЩ¡Ϊƭôáǣ˵Ӧø˲Ŷ԰ô⸱飿վʡ
ʱ䲻Լǰ췭ȴûǣҶ诶֣һͬš
Ҷ诶ĵһ𣬹ԹԵĸ

ӭͣ˽Ųǹǣ֮
ƺڣɿҶ诶֣ǰ֮Էȥ
ˣõЦֻǣ۵вΪ֪ʹ
šҶ诶ͷЦǸʶ֮ʱഺⲻµĴк
㡣߽ݸһż㣬촽ֺϣ˵һ仰ӦңҸ㡣
Ҷ诶ӹż㣬򿪿Ͳһ㣬ʱɵס
ôЦҪܵ𣿡
Ҷ诶ʱһůĵȫҪô᲻Ҫҵĺõܵܣ
кݣ뵽ԼĲһĸ飬Ц˼ֿɬֻǣԵֻ֣ҲڽܰɣҲã٣߿ҸͻȻü㣬ղɫãʲô𣿡
Ҷ诶Ȼ֪˵ġ˭ش𣬱һֱЦЦǺˬʣ͸ŵĿ֣Ŀģ
û£ġҶ诶һǹȥɣ
ãȻȥˣﻹкöµء
ҸȥǡҶ诶Ŀ˸м֪ܷθ飬ԼĵܵܣǶôĲס
ͷ첽ȥ
ò죬һЩԼı⣬Ҷ诶ûǷ顣
Ҷ诶ģһ顣
ʹûͬǳ񣬿ѰҶ诶Լ죬ҪķˣôΪļ֤ɣ
Ҷ诶Ҳż㣬ĿɿڴĶ
Ȼǣ飡
۾úܴڣ̲סЦֻǣЦ¡
Բ飬Ҫôܲ૶Źȥķҵĺõܵܡ
һЦ
ᣬ̧Ų֮ķȥ
۾ӣͣ񰡣Ǻ
壬Ѿ˵˺ܶˡ֮ɻͲ⡣ףǰĺôˣʧȥƵġ
Ŷ˵˺ܶ𣿵ĺ񰡣ǰôûأĴϸϸ֮ϵÿһ٣Ц⣬֮Ҷ֮֮ԺҵĶ֮֮
Ҷ诶һЦͲµˣֻǣû뵽˸ˣ
ղŽʲô侲ڿʼĸԣѾүе
𣿡֮⣬壬Ӻող֪ĶƵġ
ȻǣȻǣһѰӵڻ֪ҵĺӣ͸뵽ģҶĸоİ֤ҵĸ飡֪ģ֪ģ
֨ѽһҶ诶Ŷ룬ȻȦ
ˣͻȻͷ֮·ϣһ˲̧ͷѻһ顣
ȥҡ
Ҷ诶һ㶣תҲ̫˰ɣôǺӵ裬ô⸱ԸԼ
ǣϾдȣԹԵĵͷתš
֮۾͸Եɻ裬ʲôʱԵˣ
ЩҪ˵ԹԵĵȵ֪𣿡ԽԽ̲֮סͷһ£һ
˵飡
ֻǣڣҪȥѵǸ֪ߵغŮˣ





038 ĳͷ

֨ѽſˣҶ诶̧ۣ㿴һվſڡ
ǸңʵѾˣֻǡ
ʣµĻʻȥһˣźһŭݵƽ
ֻգƽǽ֮ڣ˫ۣУͷգ޲
㣬Ҷ诶ַǰֹٿΪʲôԼѹҿ۾ȷſңûа취ͣ
𣿡һ°ͣĿ޴뿪ʱѾˣ𣿡
գգۣͷ
һӣ
ȷģֵͷ
һӣ
й뷨ͷ
ô뿪ʱ£һֲ߻ඣ
ͷͷ
̹׻ӿİɣ
ֻǣΪʲôԽԽڣΪʲôԽԽҧгݵ
ΪʲộѹһеŭѹȥֻҪԼһĽͣԿǲͷ
Բ˵𣿡Сʡ
˵Ϊ˱ңҵ۾֮һһԿǷŹ㡣
죬ҪġΪԼ⣬ҴǰʲôҵװʵˣҲ֪֮ĺˣοοһԼһģˡ
˵ԽԽС
۾°ϵ͵ںҽķ뿪ѹʱ䣬ҵﱻ尾ĥֻΪһԼȥ㣬ȴ̲סȥ㡣ȴһδľܾңҵϲڽ£ҵĽҺͱŮ˳ף۾գһ£֪֪ҵʱжѹѹ֪Է˯ɵһ˰ڲԼϲŮ˳ף꣬ģôᰮŮˣ꣬Լ˵һΣһΣһᰮңǣҵʲôһ㶼ڸңҶ诶ǷˣŻᰮ㣡ҷˣŻĵŮ꣡ҷˣŻᰮ㰮Ǳ
˵̾һ룬ķˣ֪һǣԺһͷȻôһ˴źӸǶôĲףģҲǷˣħˣ
Ҷ诶ٸ㣬ң죬ǳĻǳһУҪһһıڣ㣬ӽֻһˣԺֻһˣ壬ֻܸһ˿Ĵֻһǣ飬ָֻܳһ˿ֹЩ㣬ˣӽ쿪ʼҵģͳͳҵģûУ
һ䣬Ǻġ
Ҷ诶ģ
Ůˣû˵ֿǰһЩͷµһЩ
죬Լôûôڣۡ
һ㶡
֪ʵĲֻһˡ֪ʲôʱҲˡʮֵı䣬ʮ겻򿪵ʮδ⿪ĽƹҳΪŮһ̣֪Լĺһ̣ңͿʼˡҶ飬Ϊܹ˺ǣһһεİ˺ˣ̻ʲôǰҲ㣬ʲôȥ룬ֻԼĸоߣȥһˡ
֣Ҷ诶Ӧ㣬ӽ쿪ʼֻһˡҪ𣬾ܱֻ㣬Ժֻ㣬壬ֻ㿴Ĵֻǡ
ż⣬üۣıǣĴÿһ˵һ䣺Ұ㡣
ʯ
ֱ۴Χıգ῿ǰ죬ֹ裬ҲħˡӰڴǣڴҵů𺳡ԣֹ±ӣ±ӣңҪŮˣ
Ժ˲ֹͣתţ̫̫Ѥ̻ʼƣĴԣֻһ̻ȼŵһ˵Ļ
иĴĦ˫ů󱳸иȵǰ
ˣ
޻ɵģͷȥ˫˵Ĵ
ҪҪҪ!
źָɴᱧǣڼ
ˣˣˡ
һİͻʹ͵ѣ
ӣ
֮ĺӣ
Ȼ꣡
Ҷ诶ͣ¶ȻȥǣĻû˵ꡣ
ţ˫ۣĿ
Сƭôãûȥ㣬ĴһӶң𣿡ŭ⣬ѱʣ޼ǣֻҪ뵽й뷨ͲԼûȥô
ĵЦúúǰô᣿
ģš
ңֻһˣǰǽСֺǰȦȦ
š˳ĶʱҲʧܣֻһļٵģ
㲻ţ޳Ȳίգۣ㾹Ȼң
ǸбˡڴʱĿҲҪ
Ǻǣ㻹ǵЦţҵĺѣλŮӡ
˫ʱ诶ûƭң
𣿡ʡ
Ӧ뵽ģӦ뵽ģ˷ܵȻƭô࣬ȻҲһ㰮ˣҶ诶Ȼ
ˡ
ôܣͷҧĶСƭӣ
Ŷyin
ӣҶǸбˣŮˣҼһղҾͲˣ
ôոæʵ¡
ʺ𣿡Цģô
ǸҲҸĽְɣһڴ
Ȼһǣʣ
ǣǫǻûгأɻ
ǳʲôɫԲá
лĻҪˣҪ¶ɣŮСĵĽ͡
ֻǣ˽һĴסң֮Ҫҵİְ֣ң
ҲҪлĻš
µĻӶȥ
֮ͬĵͷҰְ־Ǻ죡ְǣְּͣ
ͬʱ˫ֶסͷһ棬ӣ˻ʲôɢᣡ
ȫ꣩



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