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ҸдǸֵһᣬδʣиΪɱĹүҪȥ
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ʰǸ֡ 
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ֽ̧ͷؿҡ
һֵͬˮ㣬ȥһĨɫδûȺ֮С
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2

1
īײײشܳ¥СҺҽ֡ǸѾſڵˡͷ׼ˣҪߣϵһ
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ζŵ棬˲䷢̨īѾϵĲϡ¥ӣԻĿɱ촽ŤŤؽīݸǸˡ
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¥ƾ뽣£ǰϡ繫ӡνǽһĸ֣˿ȴȫ¾ԣӤ˯ȥ
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Ҫ˵¥ҵĽ飬ҼмһֱߣǸʱǼһûôҵ˵¥Ǹ¶ûиĸӴǾͿʼӤһһŴһһá֮ʲô¥ʲôʵô˵¥ʲôұʲôҵԶ¥Ȼȶ
ҿʼҵǲǵʱ򣬶¥ͻȻǶȥȥĻԶꡣ
˵ĲϣǧټƵ˽ĸɽׯʦѧգڼҲԭ꣬صѧϳ˵Ṧ
һŶʮм꣬𽭺
˿ܷ⣬֪ԭĸԣϵȷѪһֳĬԵˣ׵ȴɱøӲ˵Ҳ֪ģߵ롣





3

2
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֪Ǹ˼ҵﰡ
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Ȼأ
ɽׯԺǿŷҲˡ
˼ǡһһ˷
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ǸеҶúÿĳСΧתˣǱԺһ㣬ǿ϶ͷŻ
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ҳһôõĵطôͻȻܵĳǹ㲻Ҫҳȫ˰
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¥˿˵˾䣺á
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ǣҺһμ棬ϽĶ¥ˣɹرһĵĶԻ





4

3
¥ǰ棬ҺСηη档¥Ȼ֪ʲô·ٶ֮죬첢·ûһ͸߲ˡ
¥ͣ½ŲȻ˼·߲ȷġ
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ȥʱҿǼԱߵϿ˺ĻҼǵСʱҾ¥׽ԲأΪЩԺܷضء¥Сʱڿʵö࣬үҲϲЦˣһֱСʱĶ¥ڵĶ¥ĺÿȻǼһ¾öС¥ԽԽӢˡ
Ҽǵһζ¥ͶһźĻ棬ϲ̵Ϊû֡ҾرЦСϵӣʢ˸ղɵĻܵ¥ĺһȫѻͷϵ
ⱾǺСĶ磬Ƕ¥ͷ»ʱǺĻƵжÿˣεˮö¥ʱŻڣڵʱҾĳ嶯Ȼºұһ١
Ǿ͸ּȴԶȥһ㡣
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¥ԺұȻһľԵʯϣֻĵؽš
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һͷˣȥԷɡ
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˲Ǻܶ࣬Ҵҡڵ·м䡣
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ĺ֡Ļ˵¥жģ
˵˵òã

ǡΪʲôǲ룿ϴοĲֿĲʵǺ࣬ǽѪ
νʣдԻ
Ҿõͺһʲôıɱң
¥̾˿˽·Żϡ
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Ҳ֪¥ʲô飬÷·Ҫ޳ˡ
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һֱΪͬԼҲ֪Ǻ룬
ҹ˼įҲܴ򶨡
ҿ΢Եĵƹ⣬˵





5

4
ڶʱԼĴϣʵʵظűӣԵ㱻ϡ
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˵죬ӦþǸɽׯĸʱ䡣
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Ҷ֪ϿЩҪˡ





6


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ͻȻ׹ϣЩˣǲΪΪҪǮˡԸһ羻֮Уһ
Ҳδɡ
룬Ҳճˡ





7

6
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Ӧǻþɡ





8

7
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ĳǵĶ棬ഫֲĹͽ
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9

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ճͷ
ҿޡ˽Ŷصģ
С͵Ұȥһ¡
á
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ڵ߿ţֱس嵽
ǰһĻ
¥ãسԷ
ι
Ҳǹȥһϣϵһײ¥׷̧ͷ
ճ˹
ԥԥվ
ô
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ˡ
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¥ҲһΣĬһΪûס
Ҷץˡ
ˣָָճԼ
ǣǸſŵġǿҪ޳ˡ
Ҿҿ̫ˣſҲģǿԳȥˡ߰߰ɡ
ȥĶֱӽĿ⴩͸ҿճ
λţԺͶ¥ססҲ֪
Сӣ㡪ݺݵصңǲŲȥ
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֮ǲסƵ˵
Ϊʲô¥ʡ
һ˽լڶλѾˡŮܲ㶮ôؿ¥
һȵؿңֿճ
ճЦ
һţ˵
ϻǣ
Ϊ֤ǿһճһѡ
һ¥ҵĲӿ˰죬˵
Сɱ㡣
˺ѷεسҺסһѷڡ
Թԣϲġ
ճһԣæԲ˺ˣҪȥˣǿԳ˷ߡ
¥һѡ
һصһۣճˡ
ճһֱ͵˼ſڣ·һֱϲʶˣճ˵ʶˣ˵Ȼʶǽ
ճЦһʥࣺҲ޼ҿɹ飬˵ǼҲûʲôֵ͵ġҲ㲱ˡ
ճ˵Ǹ䣬˳ҵǡ
һѰִͦˡճ˵Ǽҡ
΢Ц겻䣬۽չᡣ
Ҹ˷ܼһʱ˵Цõʲô飬Ҳû˵תȥͶ¥Ц¥ѡʳһͷط곯Լȥ
ν㲻һбˡ

ҹˮת¹ѾӴббкһɴ
ջһЩСƣþûɢȥ
ɫվȣȾ͵
һƬžżȸҶӱѣ³ְ
̨ϵԵߺڰɫ
һѰҹ
ڴϣӸǰ˫ַڱϣɵɵص΢΢ڤ컨塣

һҽлƺҹ̶شլӵÿһ䡣
ٿһ
ǵĽ
ͻȻӿܲõԤУæӣŶ롣
ڴأ΢΢
ûһذףѪһһεشذ׵ĩ˵ϣɢ̱ǵѪζ
һվǰ
Ǹֻذףֽץס˵֡
һѣ׺䶥һ㡣
һҲԼ书ûֱӳȥ
Ǹ棬ֻ¶һ˫۾ֻ֪ʮ޳ҹæ֡ץסš
ڤڤҹɫУҶؿʹı顣
ĺӻ뾱䡣
һûп¥Ѿٶȴ˹ȥν̳ʣһĶҼûпôʹġǸһС
˲佩ס
·ѲǸɿס˿ڡ
Ǹ˷Ӧܿ죬Զ¥һ϶ֱӶϹǡ¹ӡҿǸ˵Ƥ԰Ѫһ֡
㵽˭׼ȥק½󣬱¥һס
Ǹ˿һۣȥѸײڶһԽӥƴӡ
ҿŵƴ̵ı飬æСȥҩ䡣Լ˺ð춼֪øЩʲôֱСֹѪıֹѪ¥ȥҴҲѹ
Ҵš
һȺΧŵתغҲ²⡣ҳϴڴڵش紵Ҫ˶ɱһ㡣
ô᣿
Ǹˣôճ






10

9
ҹһҹߡ
˵ûʲô£ֻһЩƤˣû˼ҪЩ׵ҩˣһ˿Сȥ˯ԼͶ¥šö¥Ҳһط
룬Լֲʲôãܻ¥ңͷطˡ
ڴǰľϣСԵ㡣
Ե㣬ûζҶĦζȴŨﶼһˡÿһۣ˯ǰٿһۣǾʲôҪʽ
ˣֻҪؿղܡ
ֻǣҶճ˽⣬Ҳͽѡ
ļڳֵ֣ܽж٣󣬸ĸǷڡƽհʲôЩ˹Щȫ֪
Ƕңȫ֪
һҹ˺ܶ࣬ɱǸˣĻ񣬶ճ¥̵ʱرأᡣ˵һ仰оܺáôǲã
ճ˵ڳΪһӵеģ
ճ˵书ΪʲôҵһʱܴӺԺôԶĵط
ճ˵ϤΣȴܴҵԼûзֵɽƼңǾƼһϤ
оǡ¥
뵽ȫѪסˡ
ڶ峿
Ҵ·ŵƿķţ¥س߿Ѿסĵ
ҵôʡ
ãһʱ֮ǰո˯š¥ͷһҹû˯ţ
ľګصͷĬһ˵ҳȥһ£
îʱ̣һѾӴ͸˽
¥ֹתȥ
·Сġ
˳ţϴȥ̡
Ѿʼ¶ա˵ǣ˼λã㱨ֽҪ붹ڵԳ緹ż©µмȸȥֻҪһţܵԶ
һûгԷҲ
ǣѾмһ֪꣬øЩʲô
ջԱߵĵһվճҵǰǹŵġ׼ߵţȴҲſͻȻճ
ҲûпճҲͲԼˣֻҪ˵Һճǿԡ
粻˵͵ʲô¶ûз
ǵ
һ𣬸׼ţžͿˡ
ӭճƽ
ҳ˳죬¶һΪȥЦݣô֪ˡ
ĽŲˡ
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áʵץס֣ȥ
ճסҵ֣һȡ
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ʲô£ճʡ
ҵԼԳܣָⶼܸоĵ΢ĲƽڵҲǹôġ
ûµģѾˡ
͵תͷûлرĿ⡣ðҲ˵ճ
ţ
Ҵûǰ˵¥֡
ճ۾΢΢Ŵ󣬼̶ִ¡
ƿգһƬʡ
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š
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һץסţ޷ʲôһը޷˼
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ճס죬޲ôңڳһƽ顣
˵˻ôţҽԼϣȴʲô޷˼˭ذ״̽ȥģ㵱Ϲô
㲻֪ʲô֪ճ¶ɫ΢΢ü
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ҲûĶġΪͬ΢ЦǸǳˡǴˣᲢһһ㣬ƽ壬ֱŻʹ׶ĵʹ
ճסҵ̧֣ͷЩǵؿҵǳҪ
Ҷݺݵ˦֣ĩ˻⣬ֺݺݵشϡճʹ˻ȥ
ֱĪ
˦仰ֱȥ
ճæסңߡ
ҿճֱ˦ȥ
ճûж㣬˦Ͻƫ˹ȥȴûתЦһץסȻӡϣһİ̡
ŭģץǰճתȴûٿҡ
С꣬εǵͷϣϡ
ͻȻܣǸܡʵ鲢ܣճһָ֪о˶ꡣ
Լ˿䣬Ƕôõ顣
ˮճϣȥڣͬϴǦ͸
ˣǽӽƤ֬Ư
ҲҲһЦãҲߣߡ
ǳסҵۿ
˿ûմˮֻ˿˿Ѫۡ
ʲô̵Ķ˳ˮ½
ճҪҿޣôá˵Щ̵Ļ
ǳԺ󡭡㻹᲻ǵң
£٣Źȥһжѽ
ǵʲôѾ˵Ǽǵи˽ճǼǵǭZɱҵ
һ꣬һΣɢѡ
ճˡ
ʱӲţߵʱȻŴ򿪣źۼ·δһ
Աߵջƴˡ
Ȼ֪кʱڡһƣһס̾ѻĪǳȡ؏ءˣǧӴ˹¡
ҶȥͷڱСĵסҵʡ
Ƕ㣬˵С
ǺĿ˴ʱڡ
ճ۽ǷڻᣬҶģˡ





11

10
Ҳ֪˶ãվ˫ְϵ鷢ÿֱ˲۾
ͥԺɡ
˿תȥ
껹ڲͣ£˿ûҪֹͣơϵǴҴҵش󣬼ҵĵطԶ˳һɡվС
۾ʹز۾ϵˮ
һգ۾¥Ѿվҵǰ
ձɫɡסȦһСС
߰ɣؼˡ¥ҵıץסҵĸ첲ʼ񱼡
ٶȱ죬Ҹ͸ĽࡣֱӺסҵ˹ϡߵ˺ٵӹ޷塣
ֻǲ֪ôοʱ򣬲˵õİο
ĸ
һ·¥ȥ
ϴһΣ˵ǰذж
ҿϺѪɫĵñȸղﻹҪ䡣
ôʡ
¥ҰѪȫסˣ˰תƵɽׯıĻԻʱ䡣
Ҽһϡ
˼ǣҵھ͵ˣ
ذ涾ûнҩ¥˵
ֳԴо׹ô졣
¥£ͷң֪һֶô

¥ҵ۾˺һһ
񣬷ʳ¥˵İꡣ˵ʳһٰ꣬Ҹѡ޵Сİ
˵ǵҵ
¥վͷֵ㲻Ը⣬ҿ԰ҡ
ҡҡͷᶨ˵Ҹȥ
ڶСͳˡС޵ȥģҪҴһȥϧβȥ棬һѾͷûʲôҪʹ׻ϴ·¥һֱǼҰ׳԰׺ξͿһء
ǳȥվ
Ҹ׼ת䣬ɨһ֡ĻȫлˣһƬ䡣
иճӣڻʢʱ³΢Ц
ȴԲԺ΢
ͻȻһ»ͷһ۶¥¥ңܹȥ˵һ£ȥǱߵɽһˡ
¥ͲǶ໰ˣôһ˵Ҵȥ
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ҼߵƼǰƣԳЦ˳
ǼҾϷд֡
͸뵽ġ
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ӽüɣӢˣ֪ҪҾ˾پƱʾкҲڵسͷߵλ˵ǰ
ׯȥˡһλ˵
Ƕǲɽׯˣʡ
λЦӣ᳹ɽ
۾ףǿ˺ܾáֿտյ߹ȴ쳣ƽȡһΪﶼɵء
ΪʲôвɽׯľƼңѡԵغĻֱʵ
ӺЦؿңֻҪԸңÿطɽׯĺۼ
˵ݸһơ
˵С
Ҿٱһ˱򶨡
ɽׯľȷʵȥ˵顣
лޱӦˡ
Сӡһ˽סңҪׯҲΪá
ЦһƵꡣ
ɱҵˣΪҺô
¥˵ǳȥμӸɽׯӢ۴ᣬһΪǭZûܴùҡǾȥɽׯսһѪƴ





12

ݡ
뽭˵ֱ˷ܵԸӵĵزʱͰĳЩˡ
¥Ҳ˵Ҫ϶һ룬ˣͺúķ顣
ԹǱұ֮أ̼Ƽ֮Ҫȥ꣬ﾭ˹ͨ˷ͣԴܶ཭Ϣ
סĵط¥Եƿջ
¥ҪϷϢһ¡
ҿŴ⳵ˮĽֵ·վﾭĳǺٿڽֵϱۣݵǼĶˡֵǣͬĴţͬŲͬĿǰһ
¥ȫһ׷ٶȵĿȰߣһһƥ;ΣΪǴҴҸ·ҸǱ߷ܣûˣСӻÿüͷſŻҪ̾˵̫ˡ
ʣÿλؽôȥģ
ܻȥġ¥ﲻݡ
ҿͶһ˿΢Ц˰졣
͵£ƿջŴ˯ˡ
ʱڶ¥¿ƿջ漸ȫ·һ˻ȥ¥һ˰રવĳԷһܵԱ¡
ˣͷ̧Ҳ̧ʡ
ҴͲץӣ϶룬Ӧ俪ʼ˳ԡ
˵ʵҶܽ˶¥󰮺á˯Է
¥ֻҪɡǼҵʱڷһڴװʬ壬ôҡҡѵ֡ǳԷ˳Է˭棬ǰһ̲˿ԷسԡȻÿοԷЦذǷҭֿʼĺҲûȱ˶Զ١
ӵ㰮ã¥˵оǸ๤ġ
뵣档ԱһɤкС
˵仰¥һ
Ŷѵÿθׯôû
ššüëתͷڿҪҪЦƹĻŭŵͭ壬СҴܣ˦ɡ
¥һᣬޱתȥȥǽеһſӼЦųü
ͬۺ졣
˱죬ЦԽԽ¥ڶ¥ԱߣһԵسԷ¥ȥ֣ԷʧȥȤһģ۾˵ǲǲɽׯôǸɱǭZأﰡôûиһǲǭZҲԱߵ˵
װ۵˦Һһ£ǳӡ÷ڰʲôأ
һһۣԴð̡
ǭZ̳ӡ
ԷԷˡ¥ڡ
ֱǸ룬Ҳֿʼ¥
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繫ӡһش𣺡֪
ЦǸһǰڣǣбĴºš
Сļ磬ʾ졣
̽ԵһµǲǽС̱֮ģ
ϲسҿ¥̲סͷЦˣ¥Сüëšһ𣬺޺޵Ŀɱҡ
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Ŷѹָղеʱ¥˷ʳζ桭
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һʱ䣬ӵĸ˳û
һ΢΢̧ͷ۲¥ͺܿܳΪϱ㡣ʱ¥һ춯ص顪ٿһ£һ˸¥
¥һ£漴ǵͨͨ졣
ʲôûпʲôûп
˹м飡
ое죬бԱߵû뵽ҲҡСȵתתԴÿӺ촽ҲҪ˵ô˾䣺ϻҵȻ֪ȻҾͿ¥ҲһӸ¥
㲻˼̧ͷߡ
Сȫˡ
¥ޱؿ˿ǣֿ¥ְͷֿȥ
һʫ黭ҹ

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¥ӣòһ˸ĸ˵ķݡ
ԤͣһңΪɽׯӢ۴ڰĩٿ³ͷԸϵ´ࡣ
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ĸ˽ȥݵ¡£·һ˵£ҲеȻұ㽨Ū췹⣬˼ﳤøˮܽһƶ¥ܲջ󡣵ʱ򣬶¥ȢҲˡ
ðҵһһʮظ㣬¥СһĹ˵һضιӵѡġ
Ҹ˰졣
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ᷣƽҰ졣˵ĿνǴ硣
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ʵÿӴտĶʱǱȾǴ󺣵ĺ嫣ӵܻ˼·⳩롣ֻǵĿջʱԵģС
Լ
˷סҵļתͷһԼĪʮס
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Ҳʶתȥ羰
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꣡Һ˳ö¥̵ķ»
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һ˲ȥ
ͷһˣ˼Ҫŭˣզ죿
ûöԲߣ;òӺһʹҸȴֽѾܶˡ
ϼȥĹսǴһƬ
·ϡ١
ҾֵؿǸˣչһЦݣҷסѨ˵껹һǰ˻Ρ
ǸַҵĲϣζС๫ú㣬֪ԺԸԸңٻǣ
ұ۾ﰡҵĵһξȻҪˣ֪ĳǵʱǭZǿϵˡ
Ǹֱ½󴦣ʼ½߳
ǸɡҲҪ
ǸһʱһӺС
ϪɣôԵһ㶼
˵ͷ棬һ쿴ֻһ룬һð˵ˣ׼ؤˡƦЦţȻڵϵ˵㡣ֿϪɣ ʶ
Ϫԥһ£
ǭZǿҵ壿
ҿˣȴһ
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ϪɳĬΣִһ¡
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ڸʲôأϪһʮ߰Ĺ̽Դ
û£߰ɡϪһۣŮת¥ݡ
εͷǸؤЦЦ
СӣǼٵİɣ
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򵥣㶬ѹͷ£ڶ졪
֪ǭZô˵ġһ䣬ɳƶ̴ٵЦһ¥
ȥұקŵײײ¥ݡ
¥羰ˣȥӱ

ˮӱߣ࣬бûһȹˮС
ģһݣڲݵϿ졣
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ô뵽ģʡ
ץץͷ˵ǭZҵҵҷȥ
ţһ˾˭
δ
һһҡͷǾΪʲôҪɱ
㶣ղ˵˭
һ¶һЦڵԣ㲻֪˶ǭZǾšźͭZгڼиׯ㱻ǽгǾơʱһ͸ĳˡһ˵ţڿбȻ
ҺЦؿ˿һȥ
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ǡǭZиֽճô
һüĸպʫǾŵƽСسˡֽһ¡
Һһ𽥰ȥա
֪డ
һϵ۾ѩ¶ɫؤΪµһ ϢȻͨĺܡ
¶źڰٽźӰȥҵƻ𣬺һ貵ĳԶ֪Ǻδ
Ϊʲô
һһ·ǰ꣬Ҳմ֡
ˣҲȥ꣬ҪȻһȥ
һϰڰ֣òòţؤ˶ˣҷж㣬˵㷸Ÿһ¶޽ͷô
пջ
˼Ҳýһ˵ΪΡ
Ծ˵˸ŵΡ
ס
ָָǱߵƿջ
Թôһϻһܼš
ûС
Ȼһԣ
㡣Ц
һͻȻɡ
һûüΪʲôʹһǳȥˡ
˵ľԡ
¥룬վ´ǿڰУֻܸоһΡһһ۶¥ֵ˵ϡ
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Īһ˲䣬ӰҹǰһζתǱƿջٻͷʱӰǿƺϣѿһˡ





13

12
ÿһ䣬ܶʼ˶ȴͬʱͣġ
ϵ򻨻ɢŷҷζȴѷơ
ºͳɳʱҲһͻȻһգඥȻ±ͬϽˮ켱ȥûгɳ֮ǰ޴Ӹо
Ҵ˸Ƿҡҡλε߳š
С·ҷ䣬ҳҴ˸кȥɨҾ¥ݣЦݻϡ
Ͱ׵ıܿ챻һ˸ˡһС
¥ݿվ˺þãС鲽¥Ա߷˽ȥ˰
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Źϵšô˵ӾסԱߣ
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ƣ֮ڲ֪ƶơ
ˡ
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14

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15


15
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16

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17

16
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ԼԼͷȻǶԵģ
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и뷨һתת壬ңһҪؤȻؤȫᵽɽׯȥ
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Һұǲģֻǹؼʱ̶Ȳͬѡ
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쿴Ϫˮˣ̾˿
֪һڿңûתȥĩЦһΪСӸɸɾû뵽Ҳ˵ڵ顣
͵Һ󱳣ҵץסء
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ʮǰλǳǵڳˮ⣬Ϊ˿͵Ҫλ˿ȥݵ¥¥ǽϳļԺΪܹĺܵλҲϲȥ̸⡣ǳǿһŮӣֽպʫ
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һûӦңֽ˵ŮԭѾԼգǳֶͨܶβҵҵʱѾһ֮ˡǸʱǳǻСӪȴһֱԽϵŮ̽С¥ҵչڶʹ뿪ˡ
պʫǳǵһߵʱԼļرĹߴһ֣ɫʱһȥǳٴʱ򣬸ǸһīɫɢȥǸ̵һǡ֡
գգ۾ǳǭZĸףպʫǭZĸס
һϵͷԼĺӣǳѾΪ˳׸ԽɽׯǸʱɽׯѾнʷΪǳǵ룬һʱ䳤ʿӿ벻ɽׯһʱ䣬ɽׯͳ˰ʱɽׯҲڳһɽϡһɽݶɽׯͿ˳ۣһֱûʲôѱܳ֡
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һϳЦЦҴ
ϺʹԷ˺Ĺ£ʮһΣӵһ괺ڶ괺䣬ԽԲЧԽǿҡһʼ˵ԼģΪɽׯִҪǳǱ㲻ᡣ
أ
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һˣôˣ
д˵˷޷ͻȻӵĹˡҲд˵ɽ˻Ϊ˵õϧ𺣣ˡд˵Ǹɽׯׯ˷һҹ֮޵Уǳɱġ
ǲʲôԭû飬պʫֻ࣬һǭZһ
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18

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20

20
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21

21
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˽кãһһȭؾ
ӵֻйٱר˵ĸѨǵѨĵһˡյķǳáһĿţҷ
ϳֵܣ˵ƽ̨ϵ˵һƵᣬֵŵɷһ˦Լͷ㿪ʼ
ֵһһǹ̳۰ӽһǸܵСֵֻ˸һַӣûа취ֻһζĶ
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ֵʮ£ٶѾ֣ʼֻŵŲλ硣˭ĵĿȻǲԶ
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ǹأöԵź£һԲ˵ͨľ֦
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̨˻̨ȥȺͻȻը
һҲɴ۾ŶǽƳΣɵˡ
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Һ͹һ˵ĿյʱѾŴʮСƳУһ˵⼸ΨһһȭԼȭ߾ˡ
ƳһϮ£ǵ¥Զ˶ȭ֮ˡȭȴÿһȭӶ޴ӽУֵȭûд򵽰ӣȴˡ
һϴкã˻￴
ӵйٱвľֱ֦ѨƳδһڵһ壬˫ָһȭѾɳ̨
һϼ֣ȭνǳ뻯˼򵥵ļаӾͿסˣʵ֮ǿֱɹ
Ըֺ̨ϱ𣬽Ƴ֣˻ǿɵһȺˣ
ƹһϵҿôҲȥ¶֣
һϸػԱѾ˿ڡ
˳İ԰ɡ
ŤͷһŤ˻ǰ޳ȴݻض·һӦǸǮٷӦס
Ǯ˴²ԸӼ־˴²¶ǡ
˿ȥз֮ȴײͣȫ˶֪ǮƵġ
˭ʹһϡ
ȹһϿڣ֮Ѿ˵Ԭڡ
Ԭڣǹһ˵ǸֱضҪˣ
Ҳ˵ؤģ
ҲŵؿʮˣпõĹһϣּ˵ĸйٵĴ̼Ҽѡ
һޱض˵ؤҲм࣬λ
Ԭڵ˳ϺαǸҹȥأ˿װ𿿽װҪΪֲǡ
һϴЦؤﱾ壬Ǯұֻͬ˲ŻһζͭζС
ԬҲЦؤ֮λʱڱȽϱȽ˭ǷҲٰ
ҩζʮ㣬ͻȻʱһҲ˵Ҫؤš
һһؤ֮λԺ˵Ҫ䣬ûպ೶
ԬſЦŴ߹
½һԵѾעŵЦеؿǣ·ú˼
Ҫ½Ԭ˳ǲ֪ʲôӡ





22

22
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û˷ôġ
˶żˮش뽭ֽֽ̡
𣬲ϸ
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Ҽ˵˵
ұǿһ壬Сһĸױȥϰ䡣û뵽̶ʮȻѾһԾΪɵˣ˼顣
ҵҲЩġ
һҡͷ㿴ʵ书һ˲ٺŲŵϵšʲôʱ򶼲ѡѡƳҪ˳Ӧս֮ʱ̨ĿľҽƳε񡣡
ҵ㿴˭Ӯ
ƳγȭԱԭСö࣬żˮıȴžžֱ졣
һϵƳǸˣȻŮһʶһǶżˮӮ
ģصͷżˮֵͦ֡
ıмˮޣ˱ִ֮˱޽һɺˮԲŽмˮ
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һͣһ£ּ˵Ҳа˵ʱ򡣡
ţ
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һ˵⻰ʱеİѻѹͣƺǷʲôɡʵ裿Ϊʲôûг֣
Ǹɽׯصˣ˭ûм
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żˮһϮɫľװӶʹس飬ڳ˿һһ㶵ġ
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Ƴγߴ߿żˮżˮȴ쳣ܣξͬļˮһ̨š
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һϴǰһƳֱ۱˳һӣѪ
˵ˣҲŮ˴ġ
˵仰ץסԼĸ첲̨ȥ
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С۾ͨ죬쳣ί
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ԱһȺͷУеţƺ쳾
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뽣Ʒ˴̶ĽĦҵǰλεһߣޱʦƵ̨µĲݵϡ
ؤǱѹʦ̫˱һ󻶺ŵֵӡɵüզզؽпСǵʦ֡ɵΧһȺˡ
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ʦ̫沿Խһ˵ˣͲҪٶ˵ˡ
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ȫԾؤ˶תƵʦ̫ϡ
ͣƵĻӦûκɱζ˶ˣ˳öˡ࣬ʦ϶ٻЩҲס 
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ض˵ʼɣ
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˫еƽмΪɫİűڽʮֳѾ˶ӵǰİⳡƴ
һϿΪ档
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ʦ̫רˡİ˵
ʦų̂ղǿԬѾվԼ·׼̨һһϽһͷɵǰ̨
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ؤ￴Լҵ̨ˣԿܡ
Աߵ˸˵ǰ˳İξҪһѩǰܣ
һȻѹֹһϿİô
̨ϵʶƬ̣һϲɫ·Ȼƴɱһ§ȥȾƵġİǴЦһ̶ɫ
˭Ҳû˵˭˵
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˵ٶ֮죬ոջ̨ϿգѾϼϣʱˮĽϼֱֱһɹˮһҡĻΡ
½ɫ΢䣬ѸٴͬʱѾءһ½Աһ֣˲䲻
󲿷˻ĴѰ˵ӰͻȻеѹӣǲɽׯˣ
½վԭأȵصǸָˡ
һϺİ˵ĵ⽣ӰѾԶ˵ĻҲһ˲䶼еɽׯ档
¥ͻȻѹӣׯǵ벻ɽׯ
Ⱥ˴𣺡ɽׯɱˣȻ
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ȻŤͷ񣬲ɫҲ˵ɽׯɱ˲ɽׯҲȻǻеˣǱҲͲˡ
ͻȻһֲõԤУѹ˴
½ѾһԶˡ
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Ҳ֪վԭأ䡣
ץסҵ֣һ뿪ҵ̨أΧһзɿظı䣬ҼҪ¥֡
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쳣¥ߵ̫죬Ҹϲʱʲô
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23

23
书Ҳһô˶ġ
ԶԶظЩŮ棬ɢȴûһ̶·ߡЩ˿ңҶЦЦǾȻҲ΢ЦŻ
ĴһԶ̨ǱߡѾκδ򶷵һǺ½ǵġ¥ԭǲҪеģ񽭺ҶΪǲɽׯµִ֣ۼɿԱǿ
ұ߱룬һײһô档
˻˿Ѱ·ȴBPһŤŤС·һᲽȥ߽һƬ֣ܻһƬд̣ȥͷϵȥе⣬ֻ¼ܹǿǰ·ԽԽԣɴͷȥ벻鷢ˡ
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תǰǰǺڶһƬΨͷɹǳĹҶһ֪ڻƬ棬û취ֻӲͷƤˡ
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ΧһӾ˱ǽڡ
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Ҹոȥ㿴ϪɵıŮ밲һϣ˼ѪɫҸϽȥ;仪˵ͽԼȻҲ밲һšͷۣǻûпҵ
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ǭZĻܳϣ˵ѽҩǰɡ
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ڼҽȺʮʱᡣһׯұȥβΪʵ˼ҩȥʱŷҩˣȥҪ˵ȵܹȥʱׯѾͼ˲ˡ
ʦȫׯűסʦΪĹ࣬ȥȥˡ½ԳЦ¡һһġ
ʦǰ˵ɹıǳҲҲãļֵκ˵һġκ˳˵ĲôҲǻѣҩˣȻҲǿɱġ
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˵̫ѹˣ˵ʵǶԭĵ顣δһ¡
Ȿҽߵꡣ
½ǳЦҷһζκα΢Ц
˱ƣֻżҲкޡһݣһԼԸ飬ҲҪһʱĽǿöࡣ





 24 

24
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26

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27

27
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28

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29

29
칦Ĳ軰
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35

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36


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ǭZ΢Цǳ㿴ЩƾƵ֮󣬿֪ΪʲôɽׯľƳô
ôʦȻܶƷˡ
Цҡҡͷ۹ҵͷΪǰ֮ˡ
һƾƵˣƾƵԼְҵŻһֺþơǭZǿڲɽׯԭ򡣡
紵㣬ȡ
˵ǲǣǳ
ҿü˵ͷȻһ˹ȥܾ
ǭZҲ˵һζ񾲵ضҿ
ұûڣָָֻԶʵʲôͤӣͺְ
ǭZ۾ûתͤ
ˮӱߣɫͤӾڰߣͤһֻ۾ĳȦࡣͬһֻ׺ףһ̾ҪƮȻȥ
վͤˮ˲䷢һ
Ǹ
ǡ
Ҳ
ǭZֹסҵҵĶУѩɽϵѩ֪ϲһꡣ첻Ψе˶ʺϵ¶Ȳſ
εزհַŵǭZ֣˻ȥ
û취ֻ˵֮治УҲгڶġ
ǭZͷҵľ䣬˯һ㡣
ҰȻ羵Ψһ국ɫѩʢڱˮС
ͻȻʵ⻨ʲôʱģ
ꡣǭZҪ˯ˡ
ô֪ҽһ
ĬһսҲ֪ʲôʱҲ⻨ҿԵȣȲ͵꣬Ȳ͵Ⱥꡣһ꣬ʮʮ꣬ҶԵȥ
ǭZ
ǳѩῪܣҲһһĵ㡣
֪ǭZϰ˵Ļˣֻǽ˵ȷǱһζ
˵һֻһˣʱҴҶţ˻¼ȡ
ΨеȴʱŻĽŲһָζȹ

ڲɽׯʮ죬䣬һôȥˡ
һůա
µһˣηȫϻɽׯϸϸͿĨΪһҹĻڡ˸ףĻЩԶҲŷƳ˴һ·Ṧ
ʦ˼ʱһֻ񣬼Ҽҹ˱ơ
ѩռ˵ģĵһڽ
ɽׯ˶һƬϲ֮У÷֮ʵС׼ס
ϲõմ˴СǷеﴢʳ׼ӭһ֮ĳϦɽׯˣӳҲǰЩ˺ܶࡣǭZÿ̸̵һΣٵʮһΡ඼ǿջƹݣķһЩеżҲг͢򣬶Цׯȥ
ΪɽׯиĵĹ涨¹ԱƣƼ۱ƽʮ
ʹɽׯƵĹԱһֲ֡ľǵةĪ˵ʮ꣬ϯɽׯƵʱ̧һ
ʦһǮǶ̫࣬ݳˣ
ôǮˣĪߵʱǭZ
ǭZʼ翴һˣΪʲôգ
⣬Ǳ㲻͸̰һô
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㶣ĵضһȪ۾Цʲôׯء
ǭZ۾
Һܻġ
ܺáޱ򣺡ô
ĺܻġ
ǭZô㿴ĸдŻ˶֣
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ҵɤӵʱ֨һˣһϽǭZȳ˭֪ǭZǡһÿסݡ
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½΢΢һ£תԺ¶һ֪Цݡ
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ŸձϣҾֱǭZؿڣôȥҧһڡ
ǭZɴѪ˿վȥֱźų̸̸һЦǳôܡ
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Դϴ÷㵯٣ͦġ
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˵ˣ֦ת½ʶĹӵʱ㻹Ҫϼ֡
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ѩںб紵΢΢
½֦׷׵ɴ۾֦˼ʵҲ÷
Ұԭĳǵһһ˵½˼صͷ֦ǰִסԴ˵ǭZҹ뺦
ס
½һڣȣׯԲһᰵ͵ϮˣΡʹׯðյˣԲǵ֮
ҼҪλϵҵֻһͨĴ̰ˡ
ǭZʱҲһ򡣡
֦ٵضסҵĻҶʱƿԡ
Ҳׯ֮𡣡½ׯҲ𣬲ȥȻĻԣƽ˲ܽȥ





37

37
ʱ⿿ǭZĺܽ
ƽʱ㣬һԲĸǣθоλͻأؿճһ顣
ǭZھͷ⣬תʵôˣ
ͷڰǷʲôҲû˵
ͣϿӣǭZһᷢڶҳﻮһ죬ͼı졣ûôѷǭZ׳
ǭZҲ˵˿ŵ
ǲǶˣ
ҡͷȻֵͷ˼سЦЦ
ҵʳĸ߶ͻȻһ
Ŀӻǳǳزҵ׷εضǭZ۾Цÿġ
ǳׯвô֪ׯһ㣿˵

ôԡ
ϡһֱôأǲǰЦ
˰죬ҹҪǭZ׼Сɿ
ǭZְҵͷϵԷǳ
ҵıҲһ
ǭZ˳żһֱƣֱסҵֱſڣôô䣿
Ŷÿӵ˵ҿôʲô
˵ɣʲô飿ǭZһơ

ǳׯ㻰ء¥
ҿǭZһ޴ЦǸ죬š
㶣̶˺ÿĻȡӣǧһʲô˼
ʵ֪ǭZܺƭ

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Ȼĺ԰տţ÷˱ǵζ¹ѩϻδĻѩŮɨ߹ĿݻƵĲݵϡ
˵ǭZĽǷ̵ģлԽ̵ģ޷ȶǳԲͬĶ֮֡
ΨһһǭZԼʽκҲС
лԽ̸ĵѹС
Զʯϣʯ̵ĺĵӡտʼʱһѵ˼ϲ֪ԭʯô䡣
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һǣ÷˱㡣
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ţǭZһշ̧ȥӿлһ°Ļȡڵŷ̶Ħʯ˲ѿһ죬һ̣ˮ淢Ʊ
еˮͬĻӿ
ǭZȵ˵ˮĻ
ҶʱɵֻۣöԷٶ񻯡
ǭZ˹ԺſڵŮæܹΪ衣ǭZ豭豭еؽһţһЦ
Ҹոտеľôʡ
ǭZҡͷߺŲ裺ǣֻǳʽ
ѾˡҸ̾
ЦЦԱ˵лԵ׵ľһ֡ԽƽԽǿл֮ԳΪ˽ʮʱǿĶֶ֮ܰءܴﵽֹˮĵزʲô
һһѣԼˣĴߡ
ǭZ˵ͷֳ֮ȥ
Ҳѩ·תƣɢʵʱзʲôĹӡѩ·ȥֱ֨֨룬伣ǱҲסѾǭZڿлڴߴǰ
һƬС֮еļɽѩѻøˣû˴ɨһ㣬ԭģȫѩסˣʯ֮һȪҲѾסŰѩûκβͬһŲȥ˸ʺ
ҰѱµյؼǰڲԶһľš
ﰡҿɣ
Ĭײײѩڵ˹ȥһ˵Ǹϣ˷ܵơ
ǲû￴ܾöûҲòˡƣ΢ƶһС룬ǱĻѩסȥ·
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ſ˺ĵʡ
ǰһƿ˵
ҵָʹű㱻׾ٵƿ
ˣȥɡ
ͻȻȫסתǭZƽӡ

ϵѩ˷˷صҵĽϡ
ƹĵطƽ̹رγһ档
ǣǭZŵһ顣
ǭZ죬̶ĿͶ⣺ȥɡ
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ǳûзֻȻĺš֮ԲΪ£ûҪ
촽ȴκεĩ˲һ
ǭZҺߣ͸ЩΣôҪ
ҵȻ
ĲҺġ
Ҷ˶٣תȥǲ˵ѾҪˣҪҵҵ
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ֹ˵ֻǲܵ˺
ҿҲ˵ġЩͷ
صİҺ֮䣬ҪԷݡ
ҿҪʱȴ̾˿˵Ѿˡ

΢Сʵ
ǭZţذſȦתߡҼæϣߵɽǱ˵㿴ɽԣǷ֡
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ûκεıʩǭZֻǺӾϵä㡣
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⡭ŤͷɻؿǭZ
ǭZ˵һķ
ҵֻһŷ֦ϣѩѾûһ˿¶ȡ
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ǭZҵͷϵѩ˵ҲǷˣҲǣô֪һģ

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Ҫú롪Թż˵Ĵ˵кܶ࣬Ƿ˱ϾǴ˵ĲʵвǴڡǭZ˵⻰ʱͺз˴һ㡣
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ұΪѾͷ죬ŤŤشһȭû뵽ȻԲѵ˵






38

38
ռؿһϧͻȻǵͨ졣
Һռŵĸоġ
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ļĿͶ˺һѩ
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ɽׯûһ˿ĳ
峿ʼͷ˲ͣɵĽֵϵĺɫĵЩİǴδ뿪Ƶһҵǰ˭Ц
ɽׯľһӷĳ֣˼ҵǰϺõĳվƣξƷǭZľƼʱףȴǷĲգֿľ;ȡ
һǵǰһϺϪʱ򣬿ƿ۾ֱˣǰûзӦȻôơ
ϧҪ棬պײǭZҪȥȡǭZ˰ֻ뿪ռȥˡ
ҲǭZռŵ飬˵ǺǸ츳ǿˣЩꡣǭZһɽ·ƽƽ
ɽׯĸô࣬ǭZһǸʦϽòˣǲǭZԽ̡
ҵʱܲʵԽ̣ǲҪǮģ
ǭZЦһãûУ˿ҽ̡ռԸ⣬Ҹ˻ء
ҼһЦ⻰ȥռɶƵġ
ǭZִϵԼĶӶûֵĵ
ӣʲôӣ
ǭZ̹Ȼؿ˿ң˳Ҷϣ漴¶һ޹ı飺ô
ģֻ
ҾҲûռŵ飬ֱŪ

ûʲô˵ĶҪʲôԣԹ緹ҰظǭZɽ
ǭZ°͵аȵȡ
漴סԱߵŮ澣ִֽת¥ͬһɽȥˡ
볤Ȼаڽһö࣬ҲǳĹ
ұ̵ʲôĺôû뵽ߵ˼ֱѬģ˾ס
ԭĳǵʱЩֻǱɤţû뵽Ҫȡ
Сү˵Ҫô˵Ͳأ
Ŀֻ̯һ忴˿ȻʼǮԥһ·˻ȥѵѵҲ
㿴񰡣ֲڳ˼ô򣿡Ҳͷתߡ
˭֪СץסҲţƾôקҲק
ڿҪҪһ确⻹û׶ӳǭZѾӯ˹
ǳôˣʡ
ųĳ嶯
ҳһ֪ۡǭZڹһ̼ûУҶקˣҲӦܱ
ȻǭZס˵Цлú˵֡
ҿǭZ޳ָ΢΢ʩ
Ǹ˸˵üͷȴһšһϡһ৵ջ֡
ҫعǭZļˣһһֵܵرǭZ
ϵľƼҼҼ¡ЩɫСԵ꼸ȥǸոճඹԪһңҺǭZǮȴӲرվųԡ
õׯȻûһġұĵؿһǭZ
ǭZ˹ҵգЦ˼ֲʶôôأ
ϵ˲࣬ǰλĻҶ
ϴׯصǸˣ˵ׯ
ѽׯ˵ϲǸˣͱ˼ˡ
㣬Ϲ
ԱߵŮ̧ԱŮٸװ㲻ϲׯô
εؿǭZһۣǭZ΢Цųգ۾
ŮֵʵҲ
ţΪʲô
ɽׯôŮ˶ϲׯÿκκһ˼涼ҪܣںˣׯȻϲǸˣǾȫֲˡ
ٺ٣ҲûϷ
ŮѾ˵ࣺŽйƽ㶮

ǭZסҵ֣ǽס
룬ɡ
壬бӣҶ뿪ҵˣοԿƵĲɽׯأ

Ȼ۹ЩףǻʱǻĶ÷ֵķֹ֮󣬻ûϢһǭZҪȥ
ߵķͬұȥĶ
ǭZ˵ȥƵꡣ
Ƶ۱ɽ
ɽׯôãҴûԭƵȻɽׯ֮ڡ
·еȺһ·ظ裬ϷȺ׷ӿ˻Ƶꡣ
ɽʣҵһξɽ·Ķ̡
ȵȥʱҲŷ֣ԭɽһҲ˹ƺƴ
ɻʵ·ʲôˣ
ǭZһЦͻȻҵһôİ
㿴ǱߵǸˣǵʥϡ
ߺģ޷ֱǭZָһһǳһϣ
š
죬Ӷˣ͢ǹġ
ǭZסҵɽׯûҲ볯͢ĶǵֻԯƵۡ
ŤͷԶĹںڰ͵ƻɺĵطԵΪׯء
Ƶꡭǻʼҵ԰㵨Ҳ󣬾ȻʼҵĶɽׯ档
ǭZЦҿûһΪ
ѵû
ǭZôûУǰ곯͢ɱҪջصǨ
ȤȻأ
˵Ҳ֣ÿҪŵʱҪסָΪ˱꣬Ǿû뵽콵ѩѹ·ˡ
Цƭңô£
ǭZ̾˿֪㲻šǳЩô׽ǵĻʵԼι޷ûƵϸʾⲻɽׯ
͢ÿ۽ֻա㿴Ҳֻʱʵʵؼһͻȥˡ
Ǳߵ󸣡
̫Զˣûа취ա
ǹȥˣһǹӵĽ¡
ǭZվκϥ
ɽׯĺܶˣܵ˸Զĵطƻġ
ǳͻȻڣ㿴ǱߵǿƯƯ
˳°ķȥǱһµһ
ڤãҹɫ֮УƻӦߣγһŨϡҪҹɫȥ
Ҷ˶٣Ȼ΢΢ͷ
֪ΪΣͻȻһĪıˡ
ǭZҵͷ֪ô
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ܾúܾԺһʶʵǭZлû˵ڵġ
ʱҵȻҲ֪ǿ֮£ҵĸףǸҴδȴ֮ˡ





39

39
ɽ˼ͿīҺǭZ˷ֿ衣òɽȻǭZĸպʫѾſڵȺ
ǭZֿһЦݣŸں˹ȥŻŵǭZ֣û뵽յøˡ
ǭZҵײײסŲվԱߣΪεؿպʫ
˾ͺã죬Ͻݰɡպʫû˵ʲôĿⶼûдתƹˣǭZıǽݡ
Ȼͷһôˣ½лԷ࣬ɽׯеĳֵ˶ˣӣ˿š
๫ˣ
ϧǸûƤûѾͷƬӵ˵ؽ˳
һûӦ½Ѿǳ˵ʲôϵ
Ѫӿûӵһ䣺
ڳ˶ЦѪģֱҸضȥ
ǭZذִҼϣضߵϧ˵س
ǳһǱ߳Һ
ͬ˾ǣǭZҼϵֶ˹һԱߣû뵽ǰ߹ǭZž͸ˡ
ҲܹŮһЦſԱߵ
Цҡҡͷ˵ˣҽ첻Ķ̣˵ҪһҾͱкӹˡ
ҸڵվƲ˳⣬⻹ôܲˡ
һϵˣܹ⺢ӡ
ŤͷǭZʵûбľƣ
ǭZգգ۾ͷҪ
ǰǰһֲҲҪһġ
Ҫʲôӵģ
ȻԽҵԽá
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ǭZѾߣûһ̧һ̳
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һˣֱӰѱصضϣǾţΪҲ֪ɱɽ㻹˵ң
ɻɣôˣ
һʼ磺Ǽҵׯ㰤˶żˮһӺ󣬸ֱɡ
ҾȵתǭZǳһڿҵûУֻǷɼ˵书
ǭZļ򣺡û뵽СҲİ
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һһʣͱܹ½֦Χסһһ̳˸
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ٿǭZʱѴȻʧˡ

Ҳǵôѹģ۾ʱϡЩߣʱ֡
ͼǵúһһڻһվơһһɵЦ˵Լȥľָ֦Ŵ˵һ̻Ȼ͵ϲʡˡ
Ǵı죬̻貵ա
ҷ˸˯ЩȣЬƵһˮȣź
ׯĳǱߴ˿š
˵
ǸĹӵģһжСĹӻġ

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źһƬţĺ˲ᴩȫ
޷˽ԭءðʶҵøϽ뿪ǭZܿŹ
Ьӳ굽ﱳ⣬Ȼʹŵ֨
ҵļᵽɤۡ
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ʧأץס½ʵ㵱ѣ

Ҫ뿪ɽׯ죬ǭZá
˵꣬˦½֣ӡ

Ѿˣȴ˿оůХŴҶȴѾ˺
ҲǭZ֪飬Բҳ
֪³ᱻ֣Ҳֻһһ죬ҵҲԴҵˡ
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ӦûҪҪرһ£
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ضŴĽŵòԼҵøϽߣھߡ
ţҵ˸ûע⵽ߵһԶѻһשߡש߻£˷顣
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Ũī̵Ҷ֮УǭZסҵ죬ؿǱߵӡ
¥Ѿˣ뽣зɭĽ⣬ͬһû¶ȡ
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ߡǭZشһسԶһСɽȥ
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ҵ˵ͷ
ʲôˣ
Щղŵºһûһ˿ʵС
ǸǶ¥ĵǸˣǸǡ񡣡






40

40
ӭѿƬƬسɽϡ
ǭZĬһ£סҵȥ
ҼֱҪ𣺡ǭZҪĳǣҵǵ
ٶ̫ˣҸϵı飬ֻ֪˵Ҵȥ
ɵô㲻ɽׯһ͵ϮǣҪǸһȥ»ô
ǭZת˸䣬ͣƥ
ҿֽͷһϵ鷢Ϊ˲ͣ¶ڿ΢΢ζ

㲻ȥҾͲϡ
ǭZ̾˿ֱӰұϡ
漴ҲԾȳǰ
۷ڣҪȥֻøȥԱߴ𣺡㲻ȥɽׯˡ
ǭZһ۵ϳ֮ߡ
ʲô
㲻ȥ
ұףҵҪˣ
ǭZҲЩΣѵûǷŷǱģ
ɫ糤Ѹٵشлι㼱ٶнɳʯĻء
˼У¼ž
Ƕžۣ˳ƫƧ
ҵҵƭҵģҲÿҵ
ԽԽ࣬ҿǭZҷߴС浽˶ƭҵʱָ˭
ǭZڵǳ֪жҪô
ʲôһʱûзӦ
ΪԼһܹĳô

ǭZǣ㣬ȻҲǣҡҺȥɽׯΣգ䵽ɽׯУǲɽׯİˡ
ǭZҡ
һʱζӽеҲսٶȡ
ҪȻˣңҲȥˡ
뿪ڣǭZȴЦҵ죬֮һܻ

ҲĲǭZˣ˹˼˵ĸܡ
Һܾ֮һǿҵĸ롣
漣ǵĳǣҲֻʱ䡣
ԷɵġǭZĶǧԣȴҲƥ
ĳǵĳţشǰԱˮеںӡ
˵Ҳ֣һ·ұΪаɱû뵽ȴలµĳǣĪҶˣǵʱ͵ʱ?
ǰǾԼǲòʲôӣҼǵˣټǵͨûʲôҵмƣֻôҶ֪ԭǶ¥ĵ
ҵǲ֪£Ű͵˸ɽׯ
ûʱᱻӺݺݵһѣ
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ҵͷܻһЩ
ЦҡҡͷǾ߰ɣҲþûˡ
ҶͻȻٶЩ죬ͦ
߹ʯţֵĽӴ
ҼǵСʱʯǺͨű˺ӡʱϿ˺ɻЩöðˡ
Ĵܱ֮࣬۾巽ϵÿһʯ壬ÿһʯҶĵؼ¹
ô꣬˭ֻͬʯһһɲأ
ǭZЩ˸У˽֣Ц˼ʲô
̾˿ҵڲڶ֪˵ɡ
ǭZЦ˵Ļȴֽű䣺һڡ
Ҷ˶٣ּǰҾͿСǡ
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ǵῴСῴһ뿪ҵߡкܶʤ
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ǻѡҼǣСأҼ
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ǭZرң·ҪȫҵҼǿ˵Ļȴô˾˵õĿǶ¥Ǵˣˡ
ѳ㲻ҪңǭZ
ǭZҵסҵյǳһ㡣ĳǳŴ߹ʱپѾȫ¶ˡ
Ѿ޷˼۾ҪɳȻ󲻿ŵҡҡͷ
㿴ҺǸˣǲ񰲲Χǵˡ
̧ȥȻһɫϺˣֲӹſüͷûʲô߶ˣջĿ⣬ȴسƳһۡ
ô죿
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ȷʵܺ£Ҳû޵ĵز
Ӧһ
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ҿ˿˵ǭZ
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ЦƯѤõĻ䣺㺦µʱ򣬾ҵ֡ܳȥˡ
ôһǣҼȥסˡ֪е㣬ȴҲ֪нҵķʽ
ûչİĺգܻһڴɫ
ûµǭZһʲô¡

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ҽӹʵ
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һЩţҪȥô
ǭZЦЦˡ
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˵ʱʱ죬ڸһ𣬼žװˣֿȭؽǭZΧס湥ϣ¡ǭZԵֵͬʱ˲ץסǸ˵죬һ˦ְײǰ˵ϣһɨãǸˡл֮£˱˴ײöᡣ
ûüϷͻȻ˼ǹìͷǭZ̳ұΪû취û뵽ȴץסղŴ̵ϵڣڣñȥһ˴ǹ
ȴû׼Ծ𣬶ֱקסһָԼĳǹԼһ˳վóܴǸǹӲرԼǹѪǭZǹ˵ϥǴɨȥ
Ǳ޷ҿǭZڳеͬʱһ뺰СĵʱǭZĳǹѾںϻһԲΧһȦȫϥˣҽŹڵϡ
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˵Ӣѵ֣ɽׯǧǭZһֵܹأ
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41


41
÷Ϫɶպʫ˵Ļ˵κδ㴥ˣ
ղŻ뺦ҵˣȴһ˲ʧˡ
Ҷҽ̲ɫѪˮһվţѪеӵҵЬףҸϽˡʱʲôûУֻһ΢ģͷڻ˻˻Ƕŵ
ԶһƵؽ
㶣ͻȻӦǴĸﴫĶС
ûʱٺˣƾŶĳǵľ飬ɿڴܵ
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ǭZЩš
Ҷ˶ٽŲ׹˱˵ס
ѾˣĴ֨һ漴ͭ
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ڴ˴ȫɢȥˡ
һܣЩִŲͬУһذΧм䣬ϴ
ͻȻСӣԹԸߣԼ
һȣͬʱֽȴûһ˿ֱ
ҡҡͷҼ˵ˡ
ŶǸͻȻ£Ȥ㿴ȥû书ƾʲôܾң
첻˵Żˣ벻
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ſڴҵײŵŰ
һ˶
ǭZҪҲˣȫˣ
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ͬʱſڡ䡱һŵƬըǭZһشܵǰ棬ڼûл֮ǰѸеļ֮£˲䵽˵ϡ
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ͻȻеһ˾ȵش󺰣УǵлԵУ
ǭZЦ
ŵлӵϿգҪƲ񷡣
ģӾͲô˶ֵǣϣ
ԷʿڵسǭZ˹ȴһ㣬ذѵвǰ
ٿȥû˿
ǭZĵͬʱҵȻһĺţصƵҵûҷӦǭZѾ˺ϣʮɿ⡣
ĵأӲر˺ѿǵĲҽ¡¡ؾڸһС

Ǽĸʱһֱ̫ȫûߣʧӰʱǲڻɽͣƥ۵վˡ
ɽ˳ѩ꣬ʪ
ǭZľͳ˼ӸվԵˡ
ƥǧʮӸ㻻ƥСΣ
һ۾ͿĳǭZȷʵԥԥظǭZžȻȺ¡С֮ˣھǧǿЦ
ЦǣǭZӹ󣬰Լһĺ࣬Сҵ˻̶ǰȥ
ҼæҪ׷ǭZס
վϢһ£̰ɡ
һû˵꣬ǭZգգ۾߽˿ջ
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ǭZЩƣһɻ˯ȥˣջΪҪƹöʹ˴õؼźȥˡ
ڴȲ裬ҹȻһٵشӶСϴûһͣٵ˼
תʱ򣬾ͿǭZ۾Ȼգգֱϡ
Сⲻ㡣

ڶһ磬Ǿͱƥһʱ˳ݡ
ϴݻǸٶ¥һ±˷ֱ˺ƫƧСθǭZߣߴ
Ҫӭ񣬼ҼһϷűڡ
ݵ֪˺ãһֵĽⱥʳ˶ǣԼҵڽϽ΢һĿջ쿪ţŽвƽŶر˭ұڷŵ죬΢ٷһЩͻ׬һЩһ㡣
ǭZ˸һ·һ·ع
ڰ˸ɽׯȺ˵׷ȥٶҲԷһЩˡ
ǱȺһߣüһε̯λԡ
̯һŮЦӯӯؿվ̯Բߡ
Աߵ̯ддֵ˱һȺΧÿдһҶؽкãЦʱʱͣҶЦ˳
λҪôŮʡ
ǭZһŵЦ˵򡣡
ҶʱĿɿڴӭŮĿðڨЦŵ˵ͷ
ǭZһϸͭ˿˶÷ҵͷݸǹɣ
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ǹһתǭZ˵ǿԣҪλһ¡
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ǹҲЦ˵˼һûͬ⣬㵹Ⱦܾˣֲ㡣
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һ۾ЦҡҡӣҪǮĶɲ춼еġ
ԥһ£˿ǭZû뵽ǭZѾ㿿ȥˡ
ͻȻҸû̲֮пտҲ
һҧйذֱ˦˦װװɡ
Ҳ֪ǳر𱼷Żҹڷ⽨ܾڵĹǶر󵨣λͽ๫λ
Ҳʮ꣬ϧеһƴ
ǭZݸһЦյϡ
ðѷͷһ壬תȥ
ղһɲǣͻȻоһֲĿı仹Ǳɭ֮ëȻ
һöӰ׷֮ƣȻǰ
ǣǡתȥкʱ䶼ûУֻöڳŮ̹ȥ
ŮߵľͣסǭZŮյֵָסȵزٶˡ
ǭZı飬һʲôҲûзһЦŮĶǡ
ƳĵطɱѾʧ
ԭأ亹Ѿʪ͸ǭZһھֱӴŮҶ룬Ȼ󴩳ֱӴǭZʺ
˲࣬ĲࡣҼ˲뵽ǸˣԬڡ





42

42
ΪŵڷĵطȥȴȺûпɵ˳֣ʨӴӶ滶ڵعѽϵȫߡ
ֽ࣬ʨֵӲذҺǭZͻȻһֲõԤС
滨裬ٺǰޣۻҵĲɫѣӵ˱ϲ
ʮŻһСȴΧס
ǭZشȺȴˣ޵˵סȥ·
ǳ
ǭZȺƵشҶҲȺȥ̫ˣҸͱϲǭZ
˦ıԼл˺Ȳʵ
ҷӦĸ򣬼æǱ߼ȥ
ҿʱ򣬷ǭZѾִ޵Χס
мǸʶǶżˮȻñӣ
ǭZڳѾȺʱˡ
Ⱥ֪˵ʲôΪǶϷ׷ӿұȥּ쳣ա
Իŵһͣ
ǲû˵㣬㿴ȥˡ
Ҳ̫뿴ɵˣΪ¥Ҳ˵ң
ǭZһüëɫȥ
Χ˲ͣŲȴ粽ơ
Ҫֻ֣ܹһ̫棬ȻżˮļٵĶֲ塣
żˮ˵ţݺݵ˦һޣǭZҲûж㣬ץסǸӡ
ǸǼˮޣżˮǱӣȻǹͷ
ȻЩŭȴԲ֡
ǭZԴ̵ЦЦֻǺ˵żˮµ󽫣طϡ
ԣżˮһžµϣѾޱȡ
ǭZСң
ȰΪ֮ǭZ԰գϵıӣ޴һ𳯿˦˳ȥ
ȺǷ߶ˣɢȥ˲ֶˡ
ǭZЩ΢죬Ŷżˮ˦ȥķεҡҡͷ
ǭZϧʱѶżˮŮˣյľٶ

¿һˣǭZɵعסҡ
߰ɡ
ߵĺܼҴļû˵С
ոգոǸˡ
˵һ
ԬڡѡԵغ˶żˮǱߡ
ô
ǭZץֵûУǡǱ˸ˡ
Ҽֱˡû뵽ôԶǱ˸ˡ
ղҿǽؤţؤ͸ˡ
Сܸϣզ죿
ǭZ˿ңЦ˳񲢲ô
ҺٺһЦסǭZ֣ôǿʵûʲôµġ
ǳˡ
үһ򡪡
û˵꣬ӵľͷԬԶԶذĽǮڣЦſǡ
ǭZͣתȥȻǱ˶ˡ
С谵ʱؤĳӵҲͬ˰㳡ֻͷһ͸泳ӵ
ոջ˵ţʵ˿һεشסˡ
л߶·һ
ǭZ̧ͷ˿죬ԬǱߴһ˿ŪЦɳȥĻׯȰ㻹˰ɡ
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ͷƤһ顣
û뵽ǭZȻЦˣȻҾֱԬߡ
ԬǱֻһˣ㹻һʮ
ԬȻЩԲ׼ǭZҪʲôŽǮһˡ
ǲӦýԬأ
ԬԣشЦû뵽һϹȻܵˡ
ǭZҲЦ˱ϳȻ˽ȥ
ԬڵЦȻֹ
⧲أԬ̧ڣǭZһץס󣺡ԬΪʲô룬Щˣѵľվߵô
Ԭ㶣עǭZ۾⻰ʲô˼
㿴Ǿ˭
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շɱȥ㹴סշԽ߷ҵĽŲŸոأһŽǮѾըػ˷ܴһƬ
ǭZ!㾹Ȼˣң
Ԭ߳ŭĺ

ͣش˳ݣȻ󲻷ҹؼ·
Ҽ·׼ԺȷǭZûԭķ򣬶ѡһ·
ߵķǳ죬һʱеǣɽׯɵȫۼҸոտĹųŵʱѾѡ
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ſ˽ӦǭZ״ѯ䡣
ûУʱûκοɵ˹
ǭZͷϢ֮ŵ
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Ͷ˰죬ǭZðȥߵĺӱߴ䣬˵Ǻˮһ֧ϦԵø
иŮںӱϴ·㷷ӴԼ̯ˣҵزɢأˮһûˡ
ǰ棬ǭZ
ҿȺŮϴ·ûȫůϴ·ġ
ǭZںЦ˵ǲͶʵϰҲͲˡ
ģѵϴҵЦ
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ҡСһ֡Ȼȵġ
ͣ˿ŻĽ棬һʱЩƣ롣
ǭZѧӰϣŲɵӡ
ǭZϲʫ˵ǧټƵ븴ԭʱʮ磬ϧҲҵ˼ס඼ʱʧˡ
ͺܺ߳ᣬ˹ͷˡ
ҿǵͷ峪ʱ΢΢ҡڵһһס۽ǣʱöԷֱǼƷ
չȥû뵽ǭZֵôĪң
еΣ۾
ǭZѾ׼չˡ
ҿŶ滹мŮϴ·ܲĳ棬˰ֻˡ
յǰޣ˼ǭZͻȻ֣صҵ֡
ɻתȥȴƵس߳
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ҵ˿תһСĽǶȣˮµ´ˮ˳ǭZת˼ȫŶĹ
ǰˣе涼ˮ
ͷȴ˹ذ׸ǣŵӡ
ǭZִֵش˿һ߳һֻϵˮǸ˵
ֻǸ˲ҽһɿеذ׺ӣϧѾˣһ֣žҵҡ
ڡŶѾûˮУŤԾ˶ֲٶȥ
ǳǭZɤסұǰȥ
Һǰˮ
ûģңǭZأһӹ棬ˮһŵشˮ̳Ȼ뷢
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ͻȻͣѸ³ʱ̣ͽһöͭ壬Ӳж
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Ҿδ·ڴ˵ʲôˡ
ǭZϣһŴ
һˮһǱߵﻹһ
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죬ϱǴˡ





43

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ƽػص˳
ɽׯﻹڳһҿջЪϢ
ջҾЩΣÿǭZܵƹҪҪһҾȫѪѹҪɿָо
о̫ϸ΢ҿûǭZ˵¡
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ǭZ˯ڴϣͷɢ
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ǭZתԺڰĿ˸Ŀ
ǳ
һ죬ַļѲֵ촽ߵȿˮ˯
ڵҹûзǣʦĵƻȴȷǻҪ財
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ӹˮһȻرӤɡ
ǭZлл㡣
ҵ֣һĦеǳҲҪϢ
ˣתСϢֵʱ򣬼ûһ˿
գգ۾Ѳ豭߳š

ҧҧһԾϣջ
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ûеǷӦ˺ͻȻȥֹͣ˽
ǭZɿذұתɳ⡣
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44

44
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ֻΨһİ취ˡ
ϧ죬ؿҡ
Լιȥ

ˮ䰡ˮǸոջƵҪ
Ьףһֱߡ
๫ͣϧţߺ߱QǿϷ
ҵһѩǱιȥˮˮû߼Ѿˮףֻˡ
ˮʪ͸·ƤһļƤ
ϧһξˣϰֻһ˵ĴԼˮ
òѩһعͷһ۰ߵϧϧ磬ҿæڰ֡
ˮûҵ촽³һˮ档
ˮЩǣι״ˮݣѩĸҼһ۾Ϳϵϸϸ
ĩźˮҡҷ
ϲذͷðˮ棬صش˿ٴ¡
˼ȦҼѵᡣˮֱۿǶҪܲ˵ðˮ洭
ˮ˳ҵͷϣסҵ۾
һǿˣǭZ߹ءǸϧͽ֮Ҳ
ˮе⼸Ҫ裬ˮƤһҪƤټǭZͻأسֻ֣һĨڣûϷ
۾ˮЩɬҲǭZǱ˵Щʲôֻˮڵˮ
쵽ֵĶʵǿϧأõ˵ɣǭZҲûá
ţҲһεسˮͻƵĺˮҵĽ֮±øӻǣòҵǸӣҲþҸϽץΣ˼жˮĭӿȫǡ
ǭZˮлһ£ߡ
ݷ˵ҵļᣬ֮֮еĶҲ
𾪵Ǻ˺üˮðˮڴڵشǰ۶ɷס
ﻹקǸӣҼæϾ
һǭZҲˮð˳ؿһֱۣǰ洩ҵҸϼ뿪˾ˮӡ
ȻͤﲻҴԴ˿һƬհףֲûͷ㱻ק˴ߡ
ǭZеĶõһߣǳһЦˣ
֣Ҳá
ؿȫʪ͸ͷϣˮŷһµΡ
Ҳ˿еĶһڱͲһ㳤մɣûпڡ
ǭZ˿ǸմЦЦʼ·ҵġ
Ҷ彩Ӳضˣ
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Цеظսңںޱϵһ
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˰ůһЩ˿ǭZ΢Цؿҡ
䲻䣿
á
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գգ۾ҵޱְȥһ׼ǣֱͱһѳ˹ȥ
ġ˭˵ģһıӱůһǧ
̧ͷͿ̵ǣʱɵۡ
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ǳˣȻôεĵط뵽ˡǭZҶ
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ҿס水׾ٵػ˸λá
סҵؿڣǿҶɿ
¶ȣҿǭZ۾ͻȻǲǼ򵥵һƯһ̬һȪˮһɽ֣һƬաһƬһƬƲʣƯβڻ裬бˮݡ
۾ͬһ㣬ҿԼ
ǲǵ磬ľһ
Ǳ˴˱һ磿
˵

˺ܳܳһΣʱ򷢾ǭZѾˡ
·˷ҵıȣҿ˿Ѿҹ
·´ߵǸմɰĶһһˤմɱˤķ۷飬һ顣
ϵоƻȼţҰǱ̯ϡ
ǱǺܾ֮ǰдģֽŷƶĶ࣬Ǳ˷Ƶġ
һҳ֣Ǹνֻܿö֡
΢Щݣȴ൱㡣
ƣǧǰ½֮سΪһɽԻTɽ϶ݹ˵޿ɻߣڤΪ߲ɾþӡΪһ壬Իǧǧһʱ쳾̬ΪҲ
ȱԢɣϰطһĳպʱɽѣɽǣȻòTһˮܣռΪѩǧûУ޿ɼߡ
ǹţÿڴ֮Ϊ񻰣Ҳ֮ʿԻ汲һںϣоβкˮ沨ˮѰ֮֮˳ͣһּɽΪãʽһ޽֮ϣԹʳ֮ʳ֮ȥʵڵأʮַɽַ¹񲻸Ҳ᳢˼֮֮ΪˣΪ񣬶汲֮˹Ϊ
˴󶼸ţ߽٣ᱲߣ֮֮Ϊһ˶ѣȻḸ֮ⲻ⣬ˡ
ٶŷ߶࣬½֮ΪԻ񣬷ʳİꡣʳһٰ꣬Ҹѡ޵СİʮᣬŷϢ֮λ֮ͭһ೤ڴˣ˹֮ǿ˶޿ɵֵҲԻʳ޵УʳḸ֮̾Ի̰ΪȻ
˹׽У費Ըƴּ֣֮֮Ϊ汲һᱲ¼֮Ի¼
֮࣬һѡ汲ԣʳ߱ʵȻڷ֮ϽԿʳ
֮ǳٶƣԸ֮
ĳ꺥ʱδ






45

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ҸЩʶ֣ȴԽԽ
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ҿһֶûͼǵ˵ţ֮ĩβػ
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СţϵķɫĻ䶼ʪһǭZ۾ǻ뿪ĳǣȴʲôҲ֪
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һ˾޵ĸо忡ţϵ۾˷˵βŲۡ
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ԲľϣǶƯıǣʫǸָ΢΢ǣǳĵعεİߵ㡣
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ǻһֻǺҲҪɵĵطȥȴԼ֪Ҫȥ

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죬أˣͻһְˡ


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δűʸˣԴ⿴ţͻȻһĥʸ˱Ӳس˳
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ץץͷ˵Ҫɣͤûʲôȥ֮լټա
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ǳ쿴µĺףһµͷĶ漴ָɽһķɽϡ






46

ֿ˵ͼãǳǼкĵطָ¿Űݡץסǳǵֱۣվ
治۾Цúܿġ
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Ī⼸Ϳ飿Ǹһ˿ģ
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ЦЦʲôЦʲôЦģδ˸ۡ

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ǳȻΪһ֮ľӪɽׯ
콭ƺ
һǧЯƲ
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ԺżӵĽҶ
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ǳַ齵ë̺ϣë̺ӱɹůȡ
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δ۾ǱĻ棬˵ΪѾ˼¡
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̫ƫȥЩʵ¶ȡ
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δЦЦлл
װдµһ׸裬ôһɤõ


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ȼ˭˭ļ䣿ǲԸȥˣֻԸŵˣһء





47

47
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