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оаϵɱҴݵ
˵ֽ꣬ڴϣܲܰӳȥտ뿪ڽ˵ĻտףҸ׵òȴǼõġǸ׵ӣҵҸʲôϵϸϸ˼ղ˵Ļֱйء
Ҹȥʰ˭֪аһѰȥһѹסҾȵı飬ǹ𳰷Ц㵱ô깦ǰģһ붥סһ㡣
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˵㸸׵òΣܱȵƮԺĻϷʵ
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һ˿ŭ۴ؿ
ããտҷԽԽȤˡͻȻЦŷſңˡ
տȴԽԽȤˡҸش
Ӹտʼľ˵ڵĪȡ֣滳ɴܵϽĶ졣





 5 

͢ķұΪֱޡ֮࣬־źû뿪ط١Ժ鲻٣ǰֶѧʶԨ֮ˣҲȤֻһæͷֻСȥҷӣôҲЩͷۡܿ죬ҰߵͷûбҪˡ죬ͻȻ˸ҽʥͬŻɻĽУɵ뿪ԺŹ鷿⡣
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ʾҽȥҵͷ߽ȥ¸տμϡ
𡣡
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ҿ֪Ϊ㲢δһףְȴ״Ԫ޲üۺЦҡ
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Ϊҵ֣ʵѵǴţΪ״ԪϧǶӦˬʵЦ
աҹûϿ΢΢ɫ
֪ϲƪ£
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ҹϣҳʿòر߹أأһѺֹ̣ͨҳḻռ˱Ľҳ᲻򣬽ʱҳ˵͢˰շ񣬺ֲΪ
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ϣҹһտ֮ԣ񲻹һ̸ֽѣС
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ĮֱԲôõľɫӲ뿴ҿһֱء
ҿ˸߲ҵСңǷ͵ĲЦݣͻȻҲ߰ͷá

һ·ҶСаûǣȻҲ뿴Ѿ⣬ҵ϶ûģþǱȥÿ쿴飬ҪȻԶ֣ӪʱͳȥߣӵҲССҾæˣһȺʿûȣÿӪȥѧѧȭţԽ׳ʵ
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ЩЦãҪѧһ־ͺá
״ԪҲðСҴȭ£ҸСͷң˵˵öԲԣ
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ʿһһĶаôԽ˫ȫߴҡҡͷ





 6 

ھӪеĹ˼ƽĵǺѾǴˡ
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ΪѵҵǲƢ죬֪᲻ᴥŭ
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ʼ磬ֻǸƤɣӵܣߡ
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аյ˵յ֮ߣɷϸ˵
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·ͷ
СЦһ
ӣԽԽȤа˳ȥ
ҲͦȤġӦһ





 7 

ĵӦòֵģҽǱߵԱԽԽ࣬ҾͰİæÿҲæûڵأʲãܵסۣʱԼǸ
ǰѲԱʱ˹ȥСһʼߴ粽롣ԭС֣ԼҲԼ廹֪ôղŸһԱӹǣ۵ֱУŪͷ󺹣С˺һ£˹ȥ˳ѼакãŷСҵĹò
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š⼸ǳԿĻ֣ʱҲڴ
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ҿ˿߹ǣλ˽Դǣپġ
˵겻ŭɫ߽˧ʡߵú棬Լ˱裬ղŴ˵˺ö໰ɤָۡŲ裬Ұŵаߣ²豭Ȼ΢ɸУҹ۲ɫӦû⣬ͷһһҹûϢʱи̺룬۾һ˯ˡ
μĸʦҸϽץס𻨸⣬һ˹Ժ̧ͷһ˫õ
ʦ
ˣ˧аҧ
ߴСҵЦҽѹŷԼſаظϣֻץ½һ죬Ͻ˿Ѿˣ˼ԭˡ
Ѿͼ˵Ĵô
߾Ǹˣ
μʦˣСҵݸҷԴ˷ҡ
ǰմӦҾˡϧ
ʦǺˣа
ǹϵĸʦûԹĹ𻨸⣿Ҳ죬еͬؿ
ѵÿа¶ã
ܺó԰С˵
ǣӺҶϲˡ
ҺСҿĵضһۣаһû˵
ˣ˵óʱͨһôû˽ң£żҪ塣
ӷģѾ湫ӿˣղҲˡ
аͷ˿ҲûôСңȥʿ˵Ϊ˱ʾԪ˧أҵһйĶ˧ʿҪ²Ҫš
ӷģҶԸˡ
аʼվǣҲ˻ûãҲû壬ң֮˻ȥģҪŻˡ
а벻һô˵һ£ɻȥԱ߸ҩȻд˸ӣСȥã˵Һ
СҳȥһߵĹĿʼϸϸģһǵһνӴ๫ģüҲˣаֵԺģҾᣬҪ˵˸ƣͷ
аվߵߣΪβʱ˧
һϽס졣
а˲ɫЩӲâһŵ֣ڨڨڣ㲻Ҫ˵һô졣
ģʮ֮ˣҶȻ֪аɫԻ
ҲаǸָ֣ôһ˵˵Ҫģָտһ
аȻƵûţԼ˸£æҿÿ˲٣СҰҩҲÿ꣬ѱһӣ˸
治ҹά籾˧Լдаߺҩƿڡ
Ǻһ£ǲýıʼտҲд˵һһܿûаʲôģҲҪЦ֡
аȴڰֽд֣ͷһ޾̣ƮݣȻ֣ЩƵȥ
˿ǷˣаЦſҡ
Ҹ䣬޳ΪаҲ޺㣬ȺҲʱҲ޾̡޾ǽı֣
аüһš
ҺȻûƹ֣һֱֻİˣ֪ΪﾹЩȻ
ˣ磬̸һ֣
̧ͷɫЩڣЦ˯̫ˡ
벻аҲʱȻֻ΢΢ġ
ãȻ첻֪жȥһǽСȥȡ壬аµҹ





 8 

ȥÿȥӪȻ첻ôңʿǶҺܺƣԻ˳һ£ȻҡɢңҽʿǴѻҪƣȷйϣضƲɵȻֻǷʩһ춫ҾùͷҪɢˣһֽűص˧ʾſŲԸ
ˣǱ˧Ĵ
ݽ衣Ұڱ
ˡ
һа£ҷ˸۸΢һ㶣漴𴽽ǡ
ٷߵ䣬ڽŭңЦ⽫ˣ
񣡡
⽫˳ָԼ˱ˮ
ΪβӳǣҰְ彣ϡ
⽫˵ˣûб⼸˳˲ǡҵ
ûӸƴҪȫͷڹ겻ɣ
ü⽫ھвؾõΣ豾˵
ðʲôԪ˧гߴӲ㣡
ˣҸ
ˡһʿ
⽫ʧԣӪʮӱңзپ͡˫ۣپϣ⽫ͳȫӪʿһ飬ңպ⽫ҲҪȷ档
˵꣬Ȼס˼ҲûнҹûӦһߣǿˣڼ䣬аЦһϯʮҪãȤ
СأѰ˼Ҹطһɡ
ҩȥˡ
ȥŴãԺչȥ
ʲô
轫һСط˯һ˯ҪС
߿аȥ
û䣬߿˿ů͡
аͻȻ˰ǰ
ҶپΣﲻ֪Ǻãʵ̫ۣһ˯ˡ
ӣӡСҰҡѡ
ôҲ죬Ÿ¡
ղųм򣡡
ŵжˣ
һʱ
ڿʼҪյһȥ¥ҸϽ
䣬¥󣬶¡Сù۸ϵãԹ˯Ҳů
һЦϰˣЩ
Ҳҿаֱӳȥˡ

˴ʱаĳԭɱڵȫӪʿ񲻿ɵĻ֮ʦοݴıȻҾʧȻ٣ǾһۣԪˣ޷֮
ڰǰаȫӪʿѾ죬ͨʿһڵϣЦ˵֣ȫȻûһӡ߳ЦСҲ;Ӫֵܴţһ˾ţľƣźüˣݱӦѾ˾ǣ֪͢Ҫδ
ʲôأҾһͻȻ޴Ӱס̧ͷһԭǸͣϽվоƱ
ôСıӣǶãϴ룡ɤҲ֪ûС
ΪѵؿŶ˵ǰĴ룬ҾǳȥҪü졣
ôڹϴֲ㣿˫ĿԲӡ
ܽҸоžʿǶ߿˳ǣǿЦҪΪѣһɺȲôࡣ
ϺȾͲȣ˵ЩٵġͿȥЩͷˡ֪֮Щǵ֪׼ƣҶĹۣҪǲȣҪǰһ϶
ҽӹ룬۾ͷȾͬƣտ֮ң
ʹЦҵļ磬Ҳˤ
ǰеҲ߹
Уտ⽫ʧ֮Ҫ黳ǡЩκǿҵЦЦǰȥ

ͷ˼죬СҵɫҲѿ˼죬˵ƵһֱұӣҲ˼ţҲͷۣӪɱ֣ﲻԾ߳ӡ
˻Ǻ˳ζ
Ԫ˧ôпİõؼߡ
Цһ͢ѾҰʦسˡ
Դһǰԣаַסң̧ͷмһЦ֣Щ֪롣
Ԫ˧˴λؾȻӹٽտԪ˧ϲ
˧Ի˹ûǰ;಻
ͲϤˣ˵ŸĻ֪Ϊһᣬʶ񣬲֪аʲôʱߵġ
صǵʱ򣬴ůůġռеӭٹڽ򣬵ܳڵϣоϿаȵҾȻЩãȻʧ롣֮ϯаͬŰΧźϲͻȻǡ
аս£Ϊ󽫾ܸʹâҫ۷ͷ֮ȼ硣Դսºһֱ͢ҲνҼΣֻ˵ҺúϢٲҪ٣Ҳʮ⣬ϾֱĹְ񵥴ҲûԸ⻨˼ãʺҵԸ˵ϸĽǽʡһ㣬һˣͬʱżҲҪҪǹٻȥüĶأСƷ飬еضȹһ
ÿʫԣŶڷһ죬һ㱼ѾǼʮǰ£ڹ˵Ұ⻰˵һЦһӳһҼֻñӡʱС˶˷˽ҷǰ£ֻȥʰӡ





 9 

Ǭv¶ʮǰʮ֮աȻ˶꣬Ȼʾɱ鼰£ڳӰԲСϣ֮˱ﲻΪϵҪǰһϯ
ҸƣŷȥɡԼǲֵģοйԱʶûȥȤר뻭ɰͼ٣ȴ²˱ʡҹ۲ɫ˥֮󣬿꽫ѽ֮ˣ˼ˣ̲סֽϡ
ʱ쾹˽ҸϽĨĨᣬ˶һ
˵棬˵ȥҪ˵ˣϷӡӻ֣¡
ȻһЦǲԸ˺飬ʵϯô죿
аԻд
ҵͷ
ڻʲô
Ȥվ̯ڰϵĻᣬϵɫתΪź뿴ãĿͿңɰ٣Ȼ֮ǧҲȤ
ҿƽüЩϲãһҾ͸Ҳտ
ν͸ϷֻǿҪĺˣȻˡ
дΪжԶ˵ĹϵҲԽ
Ƚʱ䣬һѵ˵ͷа¿ɷӦϷһ£
һҾֻܷԸ
а
һ֮ˣҪҰæ
һֵ´Ӧɺã
ĬĬ
֪аԺе⣬Ϸ跨⿪ĽᡣаԲֻ⺢ƫִ̫ԶΪҲڣΨסǼƲŻϷƽټڷаߣϷҲͰˡ
һֻ밲Ȼգ˴ǹٵͷ治֪ܺаʲôϵȴֻ̿Ӧ
ˣáԭЩ԰׵ɫ
ϵԭҲȥСҶڷѹĹϹ㣬ǿģͻȻϵһСţ˵ǻңҸϽĨĨ죬ѣŹȥ
˵һֻζѣȻƾһССĺֱޣûʲôʥݣֻҴӱ߹ػ˵ǱõʱδⳤһЩջ϶а̬ȣЩϸһȴֳԼϡ
ɵظСߵ԰ÿ岽͹һյ԰磬ҹи£Եûް
տߵꡣ°ڣ
Ž亮һʱգɺЩô
ػϣ޴󰭡
ã޻Űء
ҵлҲûˣλû檣˵ĹϵҲãҲûڳԼסаǶӣףаס
֮ʱ̵ޣ޵ʦʦʮ٣ģؾ񡣡
̧ͷ˿ĻʵۣɫǷѣü
ʦɻǵã޵ϲ԰ˣ
ϵʱ飬ɽϳͷۡ
ӿεѧʦʧ
Ӣ
ʱ޾ˣɳ˲ٿͷ
Żϵ˼档
޵޵ˮ书ҲӲޡ
ֵǰ飬εԱһԲаȻǺͻϺϤģеĻҪúܶ࣬ϵЩζ
ҪôаһЦ
ҿųЦݣͻȻıһ¡
ûˣǼ磬ֿѣ޾̲޵ı֡
⡭
پףаҲŤͷҡ
ˣ̫ˡҵͷһ̧ͷǿЦҹܾȸˡ
޽а˵Ǩ֮£˭֪ʦ޾̳ķ˰䡣ȻȥЪϢ˵ʵ۶ǸȻһЦ
һ˳ȥؿںһ޴йۿԾˣֲǺҵôˣ
СֻиһˣӶĴƯ޶ʮҲʶ׽֮ˣ˾ǣ˴׵죬ҲаͬĿй֪УѾǵ˼ˣղżϺ׽ȻǼˡ
뵽ЩȻһЦаԼխ߻ҾסСԺѾˣСǳԱ˾˯¡Żط˰裬ȥá
Ź̵ҩԺӵʯţԼŲϷİ
ôҪҩû𣿡
һˣܾÿУ˵
ôôºƸҵĶͷõעҡ
ŵؿһֱҴˣȻҶͷ
Ȼ֣һ𾪣˶ôһ
ˡҵϴһǽܺã˲پơ
šûˣ˵ţ˵Լġ
ˣһʵ
ҵĲ㣬
лġ
аô
ֻһѣҹЩ
ɣ˧Ҳǡ
ΪΣ
֪أ
ҡҡͷҩ裬е̡
ˣҲܰߣһһ
ҿѾҶǺ˾ƵĹϵҴδͣ۾Ҳһˮһҹʹصͷݱ̳ƳϣЦտ˽ء
аЩԾǳҲؾȣ
Ҳ˼һЦ೤׺տľ㣬½ľơ
ҲǲȵáаԿһ̳ž̳ͷһڣȻü΢塣
־ƣСʢƷζôȣͷŲкͽܡȥȡ˾ƾߣһ
ƽΪξƹСˣҵǴδȹаоƱ
ξ΢΢ᣬտҲǲϲģԾúȪˮɣ˼
㶮ƣһ˫Ŀҫơ
տֻ˵ѣƷƿ²屭ˡһ졣
⵹ǣϴͺһ죬
˵˿ɷ³˧־أаתеСƱûкȥ˼
ҵһЦԺ򡣡
һҴӷﱧһ̳ӡ
аȤؿҡ
Ұѷ򿪣ʱһ
ģ¾߹صҾˡտУ뿪߹صʱ򣬲֪Ϊδ̳ƻʱܸаȣúܸˡ
벻֪ߣҲˬʵЦ̳һڣʣ£Ѿر߹ˡ
󹦣վڷ˼֮ʱһЩΪãȹ߹أʢϱȻǿϵġҸԼ˱Ȱ
аƵĿһۡ
ԵԶҺа˵ϵ˱ıߺȾƣ֪ʲôʱҾƾаԭͺ˲٣ͻȻˡһʯϡҲЩﲻ壬վȥ
¹ӢһӰ֮Уüޣ촽ʪʪģҶʶԽԽȻعҵĴġȣͻȻƾͷһȥ

ȫȣͷҲ۵֪˯˶áԺͻȻֳҺа׽Ĺ컭棬ŵ۾̵ֱ۾۶ϣͷۣҲҪȥ
ˣӣ
ֵǰǿһֻۣ۽ǻ۵Сңһů˳ǣ˵˵ȴ
ӵһȥӵˮ
Сҿ첽ܿһұͷں͵ǰˮ
ЩȣǺš
һֻСҺ˳š
ǣȣôˣ
ӺȽ棬ѾԺˡ
ұͷһͻȻһЩ飬ԽЩת
˵ô˯Ժ
Һа
˸˼ҽԼҲһüΣողߣӾˡ
ҡȷа
ôչԼ
ʱа֪ģ
Ȼ˵ǻϵĴ֪ηϽȥ硣
ôˣ
ҵıŽӽմˡСһ˻ң񣺡Ҫ˵˵ϵĲǡ
Сҹգʣ⼸죬
Сҡҡͷ
ѾһЩ飬ȭͷƿ죬´
Ӹѣµء
¡ЦֹСҪҵ֣Աߵã΢΢򲻺۵Ľᡣ
СһԲҴá
Ų㱻żСںңҴҴһͷһЦͷſʱˣʱаӦȥ밲ҽŲЩ鸡ȴôδߵôʮ͵ľңҷȵӴϢؿ
а˵ͻȻſƮһĨ°ףҵָ߹Ҳ̧ͷֻŬƽ
⣬֮ˣаĸ˿仹ˣڱ߹øҹȾƵ龰ܾů֪һЩ⣬޷ȴֿѿʼɺã
ֻ岽ľ룬ҿ˳ȾĽ°ڡ͵̧ͷ˵ȴޱһۣҲ٣ˡ

վԭأֻñ

 
лҪ˵ǰֻдһƪͬˣǵһԭģϣͬѧܸOrz




 10 

¶ʮգڲϵҷگΪ˸Ͽ
Ļʵɫ԰ףϡʵҾͷɫãΰȻѪ˥֮
̫ۣҪϢǡ
º࣬ĿϢȴΡ
ϲŸڸ󳼱͸ΪϷǣϷΪҪڸã
Ƕܳ޺ţֻǡ
ϣ˲˲ãӢΪʧˣ𷣡ҹǰﰵԼ֪ء
Ҳˣƽ˵˼ô壿
òʧԺˡ
Цһ£֮ԣ˼ã˵
Ҳ˲亹Ƭ̣ſڣǶǵԲسԡΪֻ轫ʵ˷ںʵλãΪãοɴӣɷΪ볼һӢʹǿ
ﾲֻкҹԭزҶ
䡭һϯԾͱᣬȴԵ޵ʦˡ
ҡһ亹
˹֮ʵڡ
ҵŻ˵ġ̫ҽԺĹڣֵõϿ
޷ھǴһլԺպ󷵾ɶӣΣ
˼磬᲻޵˼κƾĲŻһЩѣʱ޾͵ؾдá
ĬĬ
ھ㡣
Ƭ̣Ŀڵ޾Сһ𳤴󣬸ƣаʲô޴Ŷ֪һû檣˻գǣ֮ˣ޾̺֮ǡ
ҾţûʲôЩ飬⼸Ҳµ߰˰ˡ븸׸񣬶Ըǣģ˶ɷ죬аһпҸףȻҲҡ
ұۣ
ְ֮أѡǽģҲͬġ
ϣԸʬλزͣ׼ǹٻ硣

µᵼµ·Уڸ׼ǰջص˽ġÿĳ⿪ֵûʲô仯һ飬пĳͶЩԲصǽľݣСҷҽȥһӣְѴ򿪣Цãȥˮݲ衣
ҵͷŻܣ˻ҳԼվʼ
ôúϢЩͺáСҰѲˮϣżеĨ
ȿȣһ¡ЩȥɹɹˡҴϱһ顣
СҪ֡
ЦűܿϣȲæ뿪֮ʱ߱իƹ˶ʮӣȥһ˰ͻأ˵ҸյŰݷá
šСһ㶣Ӧˡ
ҿ̫һһ鱧ȥʯ̯вԼעپһһǰһЩ¶֮ﲻúЦ֪ʯǰ˶ã˸ݵ˱裬߳Ժµϡ
ǰ棬Ҷ˸ݣ죬ǰʫ羭ӣǲɹǳЦ
Ժ˯һѹôСһû߱ի˵УǱͲĪС·ˣ
ͻȻһĻţʲô²ףϸһ룬ûԼһ¡ôСȥ߱իżųȥСңľţȴСҾվſڡ
СңһѰСڻ
СȴûʲôӦҷſɫңǿЦЦôˣ
С߽ԺӣҰʯϣˣҸ㵹ˮ
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Ϊָأʹ顣
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ҸԺɼõģԿͺ
СңһҲ֪֮磬˵ֻǶ㡭
ûǮץҩ粻ȥٻС۾ͮͮģҧ
Сҡȥ
һƿңת˳ȥ

һֱˮĸоò۾ҿʶ֪ⲻҼңȴκηӦ
£
һϤϷ
˵ֶҷѾ
֪˱ȥ㣬˭֪赹ڼſڡ˵úú
ұ۾
æСңü춼ûϢ֪ûлȥǻ̲סؼҿڽ⣬ÿ춼æҲٸ鷳ͰйܼȻؼĴ䣬ҴԺˣϽطɺá˭ûУֻԼչԼһԽԽ壬ȴǰϧܾûкöû
ڶһңֻһ׽ֶͬҶ෽չˣǰҹСҵ£ҲûиúõлȸмھΣݺ裬ȴһѰס
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Ҳԣ֣ҪҲҲǡ
첻÷ģұ¥²ţȥܼҸԼˣҿɫͽ㣬ôоЩ𣿡
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ȡЦңСӡҾޱ˹ЦЦŴ
Сĵ㣬ˡҰޱãı
һ겻˲٣ܿ𣿡
ЦһЦһǰҺ͸׸ոհᵽģײԺҲûʲô飬ȳҲ׽ֻһ£ҿ飬ľѾͬ
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֮ͻֵ⣬㿴ˡЩεһЦ
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ӦĿһᣬЦô˵кö㡣
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ˣҸˣһѲҩǵóԣ˷Ӱվ
Цл
ˣһЩһԺɡͻȻͷҡ
ð
Ӧӿǻʱ˵㡣
ҿһЦߵſڣֻͷЦ˸㣬ϴˣԺ㽭Ȳ裬ֻϺò裬ĲȡЩ𣿡˵˳ȥ
΢΢һЦ

аʱ򣬲ûдӣطǲֻ˰Ѳ濪˸ɹ⣬ԼסȥǰӦݼҸף벻а˵ҲТ֮ˡ׼չǻ׷һͼһֱףסڸ׷䣬վڻǰ˼ϵѵô͵Ĺʡ
ǲֲ֮˼Ķأյ⡣ƽնϾʱȥԺҷ۾壬ÿÿ仨ˮ羭ãֻӦΪ棬һҼ̫Ͱ˵̣ŪƿԣֻƵƵҾõʱ˻ȥߣаʵ̫ۣʸ߹ӢǴ˳Ⱦ°׽ۣͷ߰ڣ䴹֬񣬳棬ƸߵĶפҪ˵ҺԼҲϰߡ
ﲻǾǣǰӵܵɣҪȻÿ춼ñô˿šҷ岽֮⣬Թ
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Ͻӣһ뿪һ·˵Цֹ





 11 

էʱֲ֧סڲ޷ҺаҲٳţǰź
ҶŸոռõҩ첽߽׵ķ䣬ײվſڵаһѰҩӹ߳ſڡ
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ˡ뵽һƯɴ˶Һ俪ڡ
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Ҵֵѧүʹʦȸˡ

 
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 12 

鷿˸æŵƽʣ֣סһѯʣֻ˵ҹаҪ͡ĪǻϣǾͺˡ
԰˿֮վ԰Ļϣǽ΢΢Ӱ֪аǳףﲻǡȻǰ۰Ķӣѧ˫ȫ𵱽ֻһϣοˬѲСڣߣһֵܣϿʱаãǸʩѹаǸظ֮ˣҪı棬ǳ׾Ͳ֪ˡ
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ԳЦЦΪҽԳ˵ҪŴЩ죬ɲأҲضĳŵѡ
˵߽԰Žݣúۡ






 13 

һӲڸȥߣʱؼҵаһԷһ
رĻۿҵһοаĵطǸʱ߻Сҡһֱ沨ڶʮ꣬һ޳ɣʲôûУҾȥĻʲô
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ǫɫ鷿鰸棬ղŻʵ׽˵ԼȥԺ;Ҳ֪ʲô˼Щ죬аܵ鱨ѾǫҹշתǫаģǶʵܣǫòаǫ̾һ
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 14 

ؿڲ֪ʲôʱһůůֽҲůиˣȵģҿȥѰ˸λã˯
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СĨĨ᣺˵˾͸Ͽҩȥ˵꼱æ˳ȥ
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Ŷ˵϶ʱüɫ衣
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Ұһ
ԭΪھвŻ벻ģ
ޡͻȻ˲õԤС
Ȼ˵ȲŻȴΪЧ޾ߣΰģ
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޵˼Ӧ׵ģ޵Ĵ𸴡˵һе̱򿪣˳ȥ
һſϣҵ˼ôôȵ˵֮ңԳš





 15 

󣬹ͻȻ˻ʱѪֹȥϢҼаɣߥһ̲ס̽ȥˡа֮Щ˳˰ΰԺУԼȥϵĸơװҲУȥҲˣѪֹôģֻҪ̵̫˵˵Ҳˡ΢΢ǣȴЩɬ˯ţöûȥ鷿ˣȥߡ
鷿ûأʰǸ޸ĸĹ¶常ˣҿɣͯӵ󲿷ڴȻȲСģȴʤ˳Сң˵һҪ䡣СҲԸȥԺ飬һơ

߽鷿һȴ˴𻰣ƵܺһƣһССӰվǽߵԣþ۾
ߵԭΪڿʼǡС˵벻Сġ½⡷Ȿӡˢɲһʱֽ󣬶ഫġʱڲУͽСȥϾһԿһͱаˣ˺һ󣬲͵ˡ
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ЦǰñҺء
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ҿŴ㶵Ӧ
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ҸɴĿ񣬲ȥȴӶˣ²ҪŭȷĴ棬Ҳֲ˼ǡ

һϣƬּ̺üŪ۵ȥõط





 16 

ھǵĽֵ˺һ³ʱѾȫˡվӿڣĿɿڴؿԵ¥ﶼյ磬ݣ߳ŴȰ¥ŮӵĵЦͽĸк
ǾĳԺζһ֣̾ʿһ
۶ǵ۶ͬһ㣬ҲȲá
ôȥ
ǰҲס̾ĵط
ǶӣҲЦ
ǱǲǸǸк֣
ţ
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ҿЦѧӿɲġ
ɣӮߣҵġظ
ҽһЦѧͶлүˡʵ˵ҵһνĳú˷ܣԾԾԡ
ӣƾţͶҪĸ
ü
үֻܶĴСˡ˵ҵһǰ
~
˳ߺȣ˸ȥΧ̿˵׳ֲǺ£ǿ»ȲһѵõĺͣׯҲ˾񣬿Цүˡ˵꿪һӲԼߣСллү͡
׿͵ЦεظЦЦֵһۣЦʲôЦȥԣ
һʱʮѾվˣԵףЦү߰ɡ
׽һպãһش߳˶ķ
վſ˸ͻȻתݺݵϻǲǣ
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ҸϽһЦүһûڶķӮǮˣӮǮƽƽߣɲءѧ޸֮Ͳˣǰŵµү˵Ҿˡ
ͷԣķԱߵĹͻȻڳΧסΪ׵˵λүӴ͸Сǣүȫ첲ȫȶˣ򡭡һʱ
׹ԶվڵտϷǹεЦݣȴ
үǾƲԳԷˣһ֣󺺾׿ȥְѼ̵̧ҪߣһվӵһͷȵҾү˶ķ
˱׵סվԭزٶ

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ʱкüŮΧñ¶Һͷ۾Ҳ飬ڵض㿪˵
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λ䵭ǲźôߵŮסҵļһҵıֱֽ˼֡
ƶιӺȾơذ׵ֽƵݵߡ
Ǳ㿪ǣԼͺˡ
λﲻҪ֣ѿɻǵһ¥λĺúָһЦ
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һֱĲɣҲûϸˣһˣƶߣסҵֱۣӿɷдʸƶ

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ȴԱЦһôֻȻƣͲúҲ߯ˡ
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ǱģôãǱȥɡſЦ
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аȴֺݺݳһޣҧ죬ؼٸˣ
Һ˾ƣһʱԽת˯˹ȥ





 17 

˿͹ҿܵؿ۾аһԣ̣¶ֵı顣
ѽˡ
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СңãȻΧûпСҡ
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аּ˼ҧҲǸ˵ҪٸнӴ
˼һתʲôϵȻҲͳ½ύģܲỳǴ˼Ҳͻϱǰˡ˵ڳ߲ûߣֻҪҺͳ¹û̸󰭡´ȳǲύѣһÿϧءϣȻЩȣҲͦĵģá
ѣȥ¥аһ
һ㶣Ϊ⣿ǵطʿ̹оС˶ȥãͻȻһ죺˵˺ȾƣҲûġ
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ұסֽȭڣԹҴڻҪұǣҪΣԼ顣
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ſӣСҴǰֱа
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Һ̫˵ˣô˵ҾͲˣվԭء
Сң½ȥҹ¶أѵ֣
СһȻǶ˵ӣȥɡ

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СҺһ

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СңԺֻҪԱ˵ԹƵĿСһۡ
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һֻѹУ㻹ûԹأƴٺȡ
š
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ڸСҵĶѾ˲٣Ű׾СЦ˵ү˵ûҪ߹ӡһĸʦĸˣȻ˵ǳԵˣ֪ȥ³ˣǸ˵ԽԽ֪˭ãү֪ˣֱ
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ҷпӣЦѧǱˣֻȾƺˡ
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ҵСһۣСӶԼһľҺöˡ
ӣܺ𣿡Щŵؿҡ
졣Ц

ÿպ˵Һͷϣеء
¶ı飬ۿתơ
˶Ц
뿪¥ҲŽߡⷮȫǾľ¥ûĺùġ
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ȸϽֻйӰԵо̡ 
һ졣

ʱչҺСͻţ״̽ͷЦ£ʱ㣬˵˴ȥҹУɲˬԼ
ҹЦѧ
ȳĳˣСҺ԰ϲ̵Сĸ㡣
ӣСƵġ
˵ȴһЦ֮㿶͵ģס
ǰڵµʱ򣬵¶ǶǺܺõģûвԵĹġСҵЩ
һ׵ȷзǷģѵõĲܣϧעܽҵ




 18 

£װѾķ˸飬ҲһһݹСҺÿ춼ܸˣֻҵҰģСҾˣһֱûչġ
ʮ壬Ҫ̫ϹȼѽڣҲѵһ졣аѾ˰ţ˷˰٣ڼڣûмˣҲ塣
磬˶ߵòˡѵ徲һ죬鷿ᣬһ԰ңСЩģּ˼ѹµѧ鼮Ҳ֪˭ģа
ʱǴ鷿ܵʳı԰԰Ҳֻ̨ǴСҺִɨһ
ЦŸǳȥȥ±Ϲںá
ѻãԥߵſڣҪ³
СߣĹ𻨸⣬ɱĻóԣ͵Űɡ
ھáϲʳǸҸѧģûʲôӣֻһЩСԣżţڳоʳֻǲ˿Ͼ³ʲôʵ顣
һ߻Ÿ˵Ŀʱһ㣬о˽Ц͵Ȳˣø
ӹ״룬̧ͷһȵ磿
šаӦһ
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¡
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ϻκ£ɺãаЩӲ
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㣿
Զҳһѵ͵͵´γôײˡ
ǲҲһݡ
ȻȥȰɣŪӡ
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ʮߣյ׵ӣаȥıԺ͹зСҺһзһĿˮεЦЦȥɡǸ˼ҰзʱһֻзͨҲҪһǮһֻȻԩͷһ˵ȥ
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תרĳԶСңСʵʵ˵үǴ硣
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ڸһȦ򣺡үϳйŷˮˮܣͨϣ
Ц֪Ѳס㣬ˡ
ЦүҸѧҲ᲻ߡ
ϲıԺ㣬סС׺ˬػӻ֡
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ԭءȻСһȭȥ
˵һԡаĿǡ
ȴգֱֱа΢֪򲻹㣬ǺĸԸߣ㻹ɣ






 19 

ڷǰϣˮС߹ϣӣ䣬ݰɡ
Ұڰ֣˯ˣ
š
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ӡǹңҾǡ
תȥȥС§ڻȴЩǰֻǰѾ°͵ĸ߶ˡ
Цû㣬ֻһЩ顣
СҲЦֽұס̾ů͡
һҪͶ
Сҵͷǡ
Ϊʲô
Ҳ˵ǵµĻ֪µĺã¶ԹĶˣȥ²𣿡
֣Ҫ˵ҲԸȥĻţҲǺ
ΪʲôСͷҡ
ֻӼ£Ҳģҵ˳ĻţʹֵɣԼҲ˻ʼҵĹĶǣҲѲݽ棬ĽΣҶӲ³ҵ
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ģѾѡȥ·Щ߸ϵУҵһ㣬ֺοȥΥϵѰ·ҿЦӽҲԶΪҪıˡ
СҲ˵ֻǽҡиж֪Σһܵܡ
¡а˽
ɿСңɵ磬ô˻˯
ûʱü
ţ
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Ҵһһ龧Ө͸壬¡
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Ϊβҽаü
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аĿһᡣ
̰עʵݣʧֲԽԽ졣ߣؿѾûжʱˡ
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ȵҵĲ䣬΢΢

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үԥſڡ
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ү
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׳˼Ƭ̣Ц֮Ī֪ˣ¶Ŀνͨ͸ԴӼ㣬;һҪ߲ŰģȴҲûҪʲô
տүߣûôǲ١
Ϊô˵
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ɫ䡣
ҵԣ˽Ļǵ˵տͶү
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΢΢̾һүտʯĳүУտм
ϴ
ҿһۣүڽϣȴϲշתϱɽʿʿӽүύ֮УүֿʩصģȻүԴˡտֱԣȡ֮үûҰģǻȴò¼үֵɣͥүҲɣ
ҹ鵭ֲңѾϰˡ׿Ц
ҡҡͷЦүӦ⡣տ˵糤;̫谮̫Ȼүĸүĸףү빫Ϊүԣүٶ̫Т˳̫ȻүĹۡڻү־ھүҪύ߹٣صĻǮүɶʱʸϣܻҪҪүеһһ䣬ҲҪû׼үеĻţòҪһЩʿֻƶʿӼɣЩкܶŸɲģҪүʶˡү»ϣ޴ɣ׾ల˵үнҵĻء
˫Ŀһϧؿңбã
һЦүտղԣôտڲүѾҪˣտҲΪүıġ
£Ľаܳ۳ɳҵȸһ
үҪģδûսĻᡣȰ
ˣаڣѵҪɱôҲذοңɢүɡ
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ҲվſڣͻȻס£պؽϣҡ
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СҰӵݹȥƹЦеذﻰǿشˣպ˷ɻڴۼҲźá˼ȻѾּۼҲҪȥˡ
͹
ӴɱɱūšƹЦ˳ȥ
ҿʥּЦһ㰸Ϲá

Ͻи׼þƲˣа
ү㡣ȥа練˽ңҲЦؿ
Ҫȥ¤ݣƽƽġ
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ЦǰСܲ£ھãСʮ꺮Ϊ˹»ôڴߣСѧҲûô
аһȻô˵Ҳǰ̡
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аҸ˱ƣСǰЩģЩ˵粻Ҫ¡
аüҡ
ĹѾˣʱøһЩԹžɣϼɵһ棬ǳ⳼ҲΣԻҪһЩǣϵǿ͵ģЦֻǴ缸һƹȫֹȨС֮粻ȥܸʹһְֻսܸʹûʲôҲװġ
а۹һ֪ұЩóȻǹ٣нҪ˵ѷ֮
תһ룺ǴͲҪǹ٣ֻûϵȥѧãǾͲԹˡ
һҸʱаơ
ȹ˽иϵ¸˵
ͺáа
һЦСܿûȨСĻǡñҿˣ˵ǹٻ˼Ů񶼿鷿ˡ
ӽȥͺáаڡ
粻Сܰ翴˿Сò˵ƷҲǼõģǧ磬֮ѡҲ˵ƽչˣиŮˣٶ༸Ůֶˣ
аеľƱӦ飬塣
ƽؿ
ͻȻվѹסңҲűס
Ĵ뿪ʱһ§һһ˵磬һ߰ɡ
аͻȻһһƿң𾪡աӶת첽˳ȥ
һͻȻƵصЦ





 20 

ʰ˼һЩ·뿪һһֱԺ
ӣһ߰ɡҵ䡣
ʲôҺСҪ˼ͻˣúö飬һҪѧʵģǲѧãԹҵʱ㡣
ͷ
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š
СҲ§§޵øףСûЦЦŽ§ס

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ڳ¥ųľ󣬿ЦĿңԭ֪¤½ʲô벻ưܡ
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ȥ˯һԷҡҴŹǷ߽Լӡ

Թд˷ۣѯ̵ͨľʩУСõȥڵϸϸ¤ݹԱĹġ
ڶͿöƷҽСҰЩ˭Ķֽᵽշȥ
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Ϸһʮ廹иӿɸϣ˶ԼҶģͭǮȽãżҲһ˹ԲֱֻͨܿȻҶȺﴩУ⼸Ѵ鶼ˣ¤ݰմ࣬û˶飬ȻҲûˣڼʹѵߡ˵˼ﵹЩ飬ֻҲȥǡ
ºϵּˣһ䡰ɱ¡˰¾͵仰ҿЦãϵ˼˼ֲˣ⵽ǻϽɢ˻ǶҵΣ
Żϴּ⣬ֻҪİŽȥͺãʲôƽƽͻȥˣ˵׵е㱻в˼ҲǺܸģӲò˼úô¤ݡ
һǷԸһЩСȥ¤ȱǣʲôҪͷʼüĹġ
ӣ㡣
ҰѿϵãϽȥǰ

ˡʮȴţҿȲĲŸɣϵ󶼷Ըȥ

ԽңЦŵ˱
æվӹҰڰЦɢα˾񡣡
Цϲ¸ߴˡ
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¹ٵ뷨ǣ˵Ҫ¤˰ѧãóϺ˵𾴣ǲѧڱŸڱ߹ض꣬ͨԺ˺һ̵˲ҷԸʿϰյȥͺ˽ƷôһĸұȽ
ԶֹˣЦҪƶȣ¤ݻȱǻϼȻȫңҲɹԱˣҾҪԼ͡µĶ֪¤ݵõ̻ˣǶ¤ݱȻĹۣٷͣٽصƶʿӹίԹְһġ
¹ٲ˶鲻ΪôȻͨƾ٣СҲδûǰ;
Һɵؿ˿ޣĪƾʧ
ˣǴ֮ίԹְ
ְ֪һҪмӡ
УƢִ֣һԸ⡣޵ǵ
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ǡЩ¹죬˿ɻбķԸ
΢һ룺ҪˣԸ캮ض米¤ݣ꿪˵Ҫǽسǵʿ񣬷ֹЩҰĵĺ˲ӽ١
Դ֮󣬻ƽļȨ˲Ѿķѣ˿ûлָв󡣡޴ݵ
ţЦһسǵĽͺáȰѻǼᣬٸЩķӣЩʿ˿סˣȥ޲ݣ˺˶Ҫ
ǣ¹ٸˡ

޵ſڣһҴ˸£ֿ˼䣬ҸϽݡ
СңԽԽˡҴ˴鰸ǰ
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ȥȥȥɡֱ׳жΡ
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㲻֪ҲȵʱΪֱɻšĿ˴ķǡ
Сһࣺȵʱˣͺܴˣô¤أ
ʮüˡ¤һЩǨĻ֮ˣаɣүҲҡã鶼ˣֵУ˴ڽļЩûء

ڷѵ˶һͻѣСЦͣ˴٣ȥͼ˹ڣСϳ¥
¸ǵѧþҪ˶ҪѧˡСҲԱ߻վڵʿִҵǰ
ҿųҼһĴ̣ܵ˹ڵգϲá
סڳĺˣҲйء鳤˵ġСҵСû¾ͰӪܣЩʿˡ
ԶԶĵط
뾩𣿡

궬ҪȥϽģ϶ϴκÿϴҸ˵ˣ˵ȥ˵ܴȥأС˷ܵ˵
ʱ㣬䶼Ҫȥģпд棿ҵԺȴԾֳ𰰽ӣڣŻϼɡ
عأǿ϶سŵģȻӦһõСϧ̾һ
ԺҲǿλ˳ʱ򡣡Ц
СһƲǻˣһ㶼빫٣⼸Ҷ¹۲ˡĴͽὫҶˣָϳЩҲûʲô˵ġüȴв֮ɫ
һůЦˣҴα£ȥĵطȥһΣòã
ǻؽģӲ˵ڽ˼ĶôͲˡС۴ڴ
뵽ӣһֱôõĵܵһɽˮҲȸԾ






 21 

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һۡ






 22 

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Ȼãһ¹ٸˣ˺ú






 23 

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һתͻȻǹЦһ£ͷƤ飬ֻ̾˰ˣһһ˵Ҳý˰ҸˣԼ˰ɡ
Ҳؿһۡ
ˣȻѽ¹ٸˡһ֣ʿѺ㣬Թ
ͬһߡ
ֶӣæ˵ߡҵ֣Ц
⡭
Ϲ컹жû˵ܰλҪҪߴӡ
һ£׷ҺλãֽСϲˮ
ˣ⡣ǰмλÿ˳
Ҳþܾ˿ΧĿ⣬
ֻϹ˿ڲɫҪ˵һ˵ױһǧ¡˵а˳ߣͷԲĿսϺһŵúƨ
ҺûȲ裬˷ѡЦֲЦһӡӣȻ˵ɱͷԲĿˣ֪
òϹһδ飬ɢˣҲҪߣϹ
˼ң
ֶӡ

һ̾¶ı飺޷޴Ž˰ӣӦòĿͷɡ
˭˵ҰˣҽҴ
࣬Ժ¤ݵİ˶ô˵ġϹĵ
һϸ´ɷʵ˼ҡ
ðɡ
лˣֻҪƬͷɡϹϲЦտ






 24 

СҰסøϹСʱʱϹۣϹȴȻԵϺȲ裬ȫȻﵱԼҡ
СӣҲûãҾԲʳǮġϹֱ׳
СһģӶҪˣغһ
Ұҹӵӣ㻮㣿ϹЦ
˻棿С˫Ŀһ̶ɵؿϹ
ٸ档Ϲڳһ
СЩա
һԿһϷЦ˺ˣƤӳԷ˵
ֶӣɱ˵ģܹ²裬ټϳʱƲ෴Ĳβˣǿķӻеġ
ŵؿ˵һֲ
ڲ¥ѾѹˣϹƺȿڲ裬վΧһȦüĺᣬֶӣһ¹ۡˣֻӣƤٺ񶼲˼˵Ӵ
ʱʱЦģҲ͸ǸʮȤ˼ҡ

ڰǰ֣СԱ߰ĥīϹѵû˵ֻǰ쿴ʱʱһһַŻȥ
ֶӣ֣״ԪǱˡ֪ʱϹȻվԱߣҵ֣ҡͷ
˼Ҳ˵ˡҺЦ֡
ĸѧӵܣ
˼Ҳȥ̯ǿϧˣЦҸĺƣȷǸѧ
ĺƣǾǵǸСүɡϹһ˵
ҾȵʶҸ
ϹҡҡͷٺЦûʮǰĺǾǵһӣҵҲ˵˵Ǹ۵Ư޶Ҳġ˵ֲѿɣ
ҸֵȷܺãƯʱһӵĵʿʱҸոñд֣Ұ־һֱдˡһЦ
Сһ͵Ц
ȻˣҲûˣ˰ˡϹЦ
ԭҲãֻܲԣѧʣá
Ϲۺ룬Цң㲻Ǹ̰֮ˣôĽѽ⣿
һ٣аȻ¶ŵ¡
ӣĽ
˶һ
վſڣͷط˸ۣ溰˵޴ˣӵûУ
ŶҸϽЦ
øӲ䡣ûر˵ˡ
Ϲؿڵֶӣ㸮ϵҲ̫ûûСˣ˵׺ŮӣĸȢӴ
ҸȻĺִͷӣ
ִ޵Ŀ̹ɵŴˣ㣬ʧ֮Ŵ˼¡
ҺСѾֲˣϹɴ۾
˽ˡ
ϹʶȤԼˣһֵ̧
£ˣ¹ˣڲ¥飬ôܾˡ
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¹ٿۡ
ʶˣȻв֮ͬŻӰɡҵ
ˣͻȻɫ
ôˣҺЦ
¹٣¹ٵȷӣ𷣡ߵ׵
߹ȥЦαˣʲô£¤࣬Ҳ֪ģҲ֪ڹԱЩТҴ棬ֻǣ¤ݲģҵģǳ͢ģΪ͢٣ܲǡ
޶ͷ亹æ¹ٴδԽ֮ġ
ҹ𴽽ǣãģ֮£⣬պ¤ݵҪˡ
ްֵ¹ƾ˲ǲ¹ٸˡ

˱壬¹ȥ

СޣԼ鰸ʰһ£Ѱ˼Ų֪¤ʲôطкī
ӣ벻Ŵ˿ȥòȻǸ̰١С߽
ұϵֽűߵ¤ݹԱܻ¸ģԶֹһܸӣû̹ء
ôǣ
ˮ㡣㿴̰ƣͨвŸɣδģⱻľɫȴ˼ȫ׽ܱ˵úԩϵ²ż汸˱ϾֻֻҪһвܣͿ԰ںʵλϣֻҪЩС覴þͿԺˣûǣʲô¤ݣ
⵹ǣȴ¤ԽԽСҽӿڵ
һ죬Сһۡ
ǹ鶼Ŵ˳棬¤ݰտֻ֪Ŵˣ֪и˾أҿ޶ԹԽԽˡ
Ҳ֪ԽҪŪһݴȨϣٵģҲҡҵĸ
Ϊʲôǰ˵ĲҪ𣿡
ЦǶͳ˵ģҺ޶һˡ֪Ϊγ͢Ĺٽ佫
С룺佫ıɡ
ˣ佫һܽƣҹ˾ͲͬˣؾʦЩ˼ٹ̣֮ġ¤ݵıֻҺȨ˵ƻҵֻҪȨϣܲϷϹϾֻҪĽվ߾ˡҽǸѶˣǾͶ޶ãԼʵˡ
ǹӿԷˣҿԱ֤ĽߵġСҽظ
ЦſһۣĽΪֱֻվڳ͢ߡ
ףСҲ⡣
վϵȡµã׼˯¤ݣپʹ͢
ۣ

Թ緹ǰļ飬׼ضһ飬ϹӲҪҳȥɢҼƴǣȴݡ
ĲҪúͲȥˡε
˵ӵ۵⣬ĲҪôֻԽԽ
Ƕһ·ͻᴭ
Ǿÿߵ㴭ΪֹϹ۵
ֲڳһȦǾеƣ룬˯˺üʱԹֽɢҽпһ鲻ջûһأҪ˯žˡ
ǾͻٿϹ˳ҳȥ
ϻԺϴһͷ˯ˡ
Ϲƽʱȵҩ˼ζҩԼ˿ַҽ飬ȷһ𲻻жźȥͷһκôʵҩ
˼£ԼӲ鸡ϳǱҲᴭҲԽԽϰɢʱϻϹȥֵҹй䣬˲ССҺСҺǲмӣһȥ޹ɡ
·ݵ糿ˬ΢ů⣬ҡȸϹ棬ʱʱʫ
Ϲ
Ҳ
һΡϹ˵žͰѲµ°䡣
ܣҲС֡
ôУ߶ߵˡϹһ
ԥţϹͻȻץס߹ߵһ˵֡
˰ͷ񰡣ǸŵôСΧкܶ˿
ֶӣܣҪˣϹҾܡ
ҿЦõظϹһ·ӣҺ溰û׷þͲ׷ˡ
ȿȣͷȣҪҲ㣬Ҹҷ
ϹȴЦеعץסҵ󣬸Цˡ
ͻȻôҲ˵ʲôһҾлβ
ĲֻܵزˣԺͿԼܲܽ⿪ĽᣬԺԼɢɡ
Ҫȥɻ
Ŷ׼ȥ̯ԣǮģһû뿪¤أҰ׳԰׺ȵģ

ôʲô飬ͷǲǣϹҡ
һҾЦߣš

µʱ򣬲֪δʲô裬Ȼ˵Ҫݹۡ¸ǷݣҿЦеδȥ˲˵ǿǷˣ
δҲѹûС
ǡơ
δشˣ˰̶ӵȥļӣչƥǮʮ¡
Цˡ
˵Ĺ̫ۡᣬҪ˵Щ̵ĴլˣһԱլԺҲȴ˵ɣǸ޷ӣһ֮סĵطδʧ档
룺Ҳǣ͢ԺҵҲҪиס
δŴ죬Ҫ𣿡
ףҺЦѾ¤ˣһԱαǳ¡
δǿЦ˾¹˵ʵ᲻á
ҵЦأ˵ĻһΪڸҡ
δһҾ˳ȥ
ߵԺСҺʹϹԺתƣЦʣڸʲô
ĹĵӣͷȻ˵ҪҵĲ˵ظˡ
ȻˣϹۺۡҪ޵ɣԺп˵ʲôӣֶӣҪ˵Щӿɺã
Цúáʳ⣬ɾ񡣡
ʹݣʹסϹЦ
ӱͷˣһԲүСһȡЦ
ӣһ
ȿȣ˵ؾͲҪˣΧɡһ
úáϹ̵ͷ

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쵽ˣҺСһдһŸװһŷҿСд˺üֽ̲סдʲôҿ
Сһ죺ӣ
Ҹ붺˵Ҳ֪϶ĽѧʲôʽȥĶ濴ЩʲôʲôģЩ鶼С㣬
СҺһûУ㿴޹ÿҲһѵģһ秵ĴʶûУ֪Ժѧô
м£ǾܻؾˡЦ
ҪǸɩӻȥ˵᲻ˣʡ
ӣ
ȡЦϴˤӮǸˣٺŮʿҿŮҲвٶ˿㣬ôͲ֪ջ᣿
ӣͻССҲڵ
ʮҲСˣжͣȢӡǼֻʣ㣬̳֦ɢҶҪ㣬ΨһֳһҪٰġ
ӡ
ȻˣҲҪٰˣҿΨһĳϹŽһ䴵Ҵ˸¡
ҿЦͲҪˡ
ôвͣϹü˽ιƽ£㻹㲻ûιôһݣƽǲҪ놪ʣˣ㿴ļŮӣȥ˵˵粻֮࣬ȫ¤ݵýżһҲ˵ѽ
ġ
ºˣӻұҡСֻ
ҪȻͽȢ˴ˣϹһĴȡ
˭ҪȢңöŷ˽Ϲһˤ۵ͷ⣡
ϹȻҺСһ͵Ц
ҪСҸĻԿǿǡʱɺϼŤ
ۣ̰ĿɿڴСƳȥ
԰˵ľ飬ѾͷӦϲҴֶİϹؿŴ
һƲ죬˿ңмǸӣôµظɻ˭Ůӿϣ
ϿϣͷСֽʵĺá
֪ͺã˵ʵ˹ӵģʵǸˡοҿЦãͷ̡ܽ
˵֣ߺˣˣ
ӣȥС˳ȥ
ӳԷɣȻҪˡ˵
³԰ɡϹʹҸӣСһƵĳӣˣ





 25 

һæܵų¥µʱĺɱ޵һڹ¶ǡ
ˣ޸ҡ
߹ȥ
ˣʱĩӻһʿ˵һ̶ӱ˴ˣҪǣҺóŹصüʱ
ţԮ𣿡Ҵֶŵ
ĽѾɱԮˣ¤رȽԶһһعҪ졣޻ҵ
ӡСҹסҵ˫֣ǵؿңҶЦЦ
һֽһڹԱңߵ˵ĵطҸλͬڴ˵ذﲻʲôæҪУټֶЩʯ˵¥
˷Ը˼䣬Իȥˡ
Сңϳ¥°ڿ첽Ͻݡ
ӡСңҡҡͷ
ʲôֲû
СҼǰ棬ϳ¥һůԽ侲
ոϳ¥ȻѾмһӵҿСҴԱߵʬǹ˹ȥ
վű𶯣Сɿңոձɱ˵ĺ˵ĵͳ¥ϵʿһɱС
ҵǵؿСңиʧ
Сģƿյһѣڻһ֧Եľβ˲ֹ
ʲôҶŭ
Ҿ긦ƣȥЩǱȴɫᶨ
ˡҿұ۱˿ڣֻһ㣬ұ۾ҪˣΡ
ȫˣʲôƲںؿұһۡ
Ǹ¤˾¥¾Ȼĺ
ȥûչ㡣һѣὣȥ
ȻСңǲ۱ˣվڳ¥½صһɱһֱûֹͣ룬վҲûﲻʲôæȥ࣬ͿһȺżʮ
ˣѾټʯ滹Сͷ촽
ˡĲɡ
ˣɱͣˣŵ
һ㶣漴ϳ¥ԥһ£
صʬ壬ǵʿҲкˡ¥ϵбչĺۼȫǴصĴϢʿСţһЬӾͱѪʪˡ
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ӣղĽ˵мСܹż¿ҡ
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Ľ˽ҹ𣿡ߵڳǽϱĿߡ
²ܣѾϳǽˣһΣǴزסǲŹģȻͻеĴΡһ
ɫĽ̰ϸθҡ
ȴңһʿ㣬ѾˣǾ¤ҸطֻҪ٣ҪˣԮ֮ǰǾͻߵġ
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̧ۿң˿Ц⣬Ҳ֪ѯ֪ʲô
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ĪֻܵתͷͻȻһҽס˸¡
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ˣɻؿҡ
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˶ֹͣ˶һһ¥ЩӣտͶģǱ򿪳ţ
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տңұӱ㣡ͻȻʵشЦ
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ͷЦˣ˵Ļýȥ֡ͶǿҪˣ֮ʱҿ㻹ɡ
ʱ˵ĶһƥԳǰϵ˸ô˵Ĺ٣ǲҪţ
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΢΢һЦҪˣˮʯ鶼˹ˡ
΢ƫͷȥ
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ַżǲȱˣҲȱҲˡȺٿһЩһЩͶʯ飬һЩ˰ˮ˳ųǽȥ
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ƺЦң֮ǰӦǲˡ
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ЦŰڰֻ֣ǹ˽ѣϱͻữˡ
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ļĬ
һ˵δˣȥ޴ˣѰնеʿлҪ˵
ߺҶƿЦĽɷ豾һƥƾ˫ȥܲˡ

Сȥҳ³ƽһĴլӣƻֻͨȥо֮ɫҲףùֱܼӴȥҳ³ƽ߽ľңǰü̾
ֱ֣˯ţЦ£Լ˱ˮžÿˣҲݸСһ
лŷ磬Ȼ費Ųæ³ƽЦҡҡͷ
ֱ֣ɫСҲףСܴǼ̼ҽˡ
ţ³ƽɻؿҡ
֪ǵ̶ӶϰٵĻլô󣬻Ժ϶Ҳ٣ȫҰɡ
⡭³ƽЩɡ
֪Ǻ˽˳ǣЩ˻Աֱ֣ǵʱ˶׸ֱֲһӵˣЩ˽СسǣֻҪǲƣֱ־ʲôõˣټļҵû˻Сֻ¶ҿ˵
³ƽһҧá
ֱֹȻˬ죬̼ְֱСȥ˵ɣǶֵܾСˡ





 26 

صͷܶ۲ݣһڹԱں԰һЦ޹ȻвŸɼʶ
ҿˣϸ̨սǧ˫۾ڶңǵҲϡѪӿ̹Ȼضϻǻɻ򾪻ʧЦٽտ¤˾ҿûʶҡʱȣҲٶ˵ʶˣպǶ¤вұǣɲҪ޴ұڹ
ȺﴫЦ޶ԶԶһҾ
ҼͣɫߣĪΪȺڳ⣬ֻƳ֮ҲƸŮɱҸ֣˵ô죿
˾Ĭ
ٳ¤֮ʱưܣʲôûС񣬴Ҷизݣһ˰֣¤ݵһУǽģһǣһжˣǴ󲿷˶ǳסڱ߹صģ֪˵Ĳ׺ʱ˶űɱĸһ㣡ǲҲⲻ˱°ȥ˵ūֻܾδ¤ݵĺˣЩѵŹȻɱǣǵˣҲȥһūԭϵķˣ˵𣿡
ˣСҪسǱңƾ˷ԸһȻ
ϺһұǴӱǨģò갲ӣĶҲȥˣ¤ݹϵ
ԽԽ˸
΢΢һЦ˵Ŷ˶סˣ˭ҲܲȥײгԣҪȫɱ⣡سǵľʿѳҵҪԼȥеȻһҲҪһսǿԸϳɱУ
ƾ˷Ը
ЧҺ⣬΢΢һ
ˣЩŮкô
Цûãü˵ͷǵģ

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ϹЦпһۡŵۣ׷ͯƮƮˡ
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Ϲ̾һˣҲﲻģ˱ˡ
ҶһҾҪ߿סңӻͳ״ƿҩ
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ƽӹһڣ˵ˮɲôúȵġ
ЦǵÿǸ˭ˣĽұȽСֻһ룬Ǻˣҿɾʹ󷽵öˣϴ趼ɣ
͵ؿңȻڲͬ
ҵͷһЦĽ㡣
ұ㣿
ĽµˣǻˬһЩ
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ҾĦǰů񣬲ٴ𻰡
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;
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ҾҪ޷Եˡ
ƺЦңȥ˯һ
ҵټ˼ǧˣǰպͻԺõ𣿡
Ҿع졣Ƶ
ԮŻᵽ
û취
һЦĽȻ˻ԮѾˣʿҲʣĲ࣬һ磬͵ЩŮسǰɡ
üʲô
˸ֻʾ

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⣬ɵ΢΢Щ⣬ЦûɶأˣҰѹٷ
ǹɣ˹ۣʵӴģҪ𣿡
ţҰͷá
ŪͷֽдЩԵĹԼùٷѹӡ練ϵ䣬ֶͭһͷڡ
ö緹ӣЦӿΡˡ
Ŷʣ²£
¡ҵ͸綼æسȥˣȹӳԹ緹ҲҪȥġ
ллҲ֪˵ʲôá
𣿡
ЦͬģҵȻҲ¡һֱ֪Լãкܶǣңܶ黹ûԽϧÿһοҿɲ
ǹӿȥгءЦ꣬Ҳüˡ
㶼ô˵İտң϶Ҳôáҿ˿棬Ѿˣݲֳ˼ڣվ˶䣺˺ˣϰҸɾˣ
һӹܺԼɡ
Цߵſڣ

ҵƣѲӣңƣЦЦѾ˵ķԸ˸ҪسɱУҿɵһ㡣
ˣտ֮ĲңҿҪųˡҴսƣߵ˵һ
ʲô㡭ƾȵؿҡ
¤ݹٽߵĹ٣ֻȥ
У㲻Ǹ˵ֲ֮㣬иʧôҧ
Ľ㣬ɲҵȰСҵȥҿ϶ȥɵġ
㣡
ɫҲ˵زˣ֮գ㻹ܷŹҲɣνٲҵ
һǡһЭ
ҵͷװװҲá

ú˽֮ǰʿѳſһ죬ǣһٺżʿ̧һӡҺѡƥ˳ңҵŲ̫Ҹ˸ëٽտӵ³˵
Ƭ̺һǴͷСĺǰɫͷңǽԼһʮĵطͣﳬ̡ҺǸ˲ʮҡ
տҼ¥Ͼ˺ͯسǣ¤ݱ٣Ѿ˿˰ɡҪͶ
Ҳ¶ɫ
ɨһֵۣ£ٴº͵
£˼黫ƽƱ磬²˵㼱æ
Ц£ٿǸͶˣһ׮͵̸һ֣ʿ򿪺ӣ¶׻
ӲĺǮ˵ûʲôá
ֻ֪ǱٱʾѡǰǣҪֻҪֹͣǣţƥƲվߣԵ˫ַϣˣ²ʿҲԱסǳأֲΪ
˫Ŀһ⺺˵ҲʶȤϽҡ
һ֣ǴӦˡ˵Ŀٺûȥ롣
һȫеģҶҪֻҪס˵Ϳˡ
¶Ϊѵı飺ˣ¤˵ССҪһʱΪӳ롣
տʱ䣿¤ݹ⣬ûԮģϵҲûáһЦ΢΢£㿴¥Ͼ棬˿̹Ǳһ£ֵ̾ܵĶºαصȵգ
ͷ
üȻֻкͯˣ֪ңˣִ⹥ǣѵͲʿسǵĽֶΣҲˣӵֻ಻٣ӹ֮ʱұгɱţ򣬴գۻܻٵ٣֮㣡
һǹЦǺǵĹ٣ϣǿţȻɱ㡣
һЦȻټȻֺξ壿ɱңĽҲԸôģյ²ǵõһˡ
ԥҽ˵֮ʱǲضԣǵҲòٺôƾ˶ʿܾˣοأֻҪ¸һʱ䣬¿Բٷ͵õ¤ݵһСʱٱضһڹԱ򽵣ţ
£ЩþЩЩռ¤ݣɾǲԭ˳羴ĴӢˡһԼ
һҵ¶׹⡣
ЦףߵλıʿĪϸȫȻΪ룿ռ¤ݣҲ˵ֻһճǰˣ͢Ĵһѵسǵľ𣿺Ϊ¤ݳûзˮݣ»ȫȥֲɣʱ²֪ԴҪΪԭϵĴЦˣһ棬»СߵСˡ
㣡Ǻ
Ҳ㣬˵˵ˣҲ֪㵽ҲԮǱţһ־ǧٴˣĪǵº³е治ɣ
һ˫ĿԲִָұӣ溢ܸͯʲôҾ͸һʱ䣬㣬ãʱ㲻Ҿ͹ǣɱǣ
ҹЦҲȥ׼

˻سҷЩվȣŷֺ󱳶úˮ͸ˡڳǽϢһ֪ͻȻǰɢ΢΢𴽽ǡ
ôƲ֪ʲôʱվ߷סҡ
ۣôˣ
ղڳǽϿѾȥˣ̸ˣ
šһӻ֣Աһʿ˵ȥŴ

Ըȥųˣɫ˲԰ףòսսˣ򲻿ɡ
ҵհɡ
ǳ֪͢ˡ
ӲˡӲȥܳ͢ٺ»ҲԱʷұܼ¤ݵİվֵ̫ˡģ͢׷һ˳е
ԥƬ̣һҾתˡ





 27 

ڰŲ˰˸ηڳ¥µĴԣԼ棬ȴ˯ţԽԽû
оиӰֵס⣬ǿһֻ۾Ľ
ƿЦſңм¸㣬ղСվ߶ݺݵþܿˣҲɫҿӼֱҪˡ
ȥæվվǰȥ
ƸϽסңüû°ɣɫܲá
ҡҡͷ
Ҵȥߡ
ǲҪ뿪ĺá
û£ڱ˶Ϣˡ
ҵСҵʱһȭߣһᣬСҡ
СͻȻͷݺݵؿңۿġ
ɿƵ֣ǰСңȴһֻӿһҸо΢΢ҵȻ׶񣬿ǸǺºͷŭ
Բ𡣡ʵʵصǸ
СҼͷ΢΢ҸҪס֣ͻȻұڻ˻Ҷߺôһȥͺ̸Уǻɱģô죬Ȼᶪң
Сҡֱס
㣬Ҫ鷳ԺҲˣҲˡ
ҵľ䣬Ҳ̲סᣬŬЦ̫Σˣȥʲô˵㿴ڲǺúõġ
СͻȻץסҵļϻۿңʲô㿴ڱ㻹߰ͷҿԱģ
΢΢ͷЦأá
ԺһҪҴߡ
áҵͷ
ԺٸҲ㣡Сֻ϶ݺݵı飬ҡ
ŶҷġţƤأСҵؿڡ
𣿡
е㡣
˯һɡ
ֻһ˯ԼСҵĻůͣرңôõĵܵܣǼ񵽱ˡұ۾ô룬úܸˡ

СұȥӪϢҸ̾СѾôˡֵӺܶҺȥİպʿҲûĿǡ
Ժһһֱ˯ţͻȻЩǣʣСңʲôʱˣ
С߽ոʱϢһȥˮٶЩԵĹ
һ¹ٷﻹ˵Ͻأ
Ӧţƥأţȥ

ƣɫ߽ӪʣСҸŽޱԵȡ
ˡ
ɡ¡
ˣ¹Ѿ׼òˡ
ЦҲ
ˣɣ¹Ȱ˼Щһ͸ˣΪ˰룬ֻͨ͢һЩҲ󹶰˱ҪѰٿĪˣ
ЦŰڰ֣鲻סԺ롣жٸţ
һ㶣̾һİٶͷ
ҵͷ΢һ룺ЩټϳţǵСţأ
Լٰ߰ɡǺ⣿޲ؿҡ
һЦȰЩţϵˣʱˣĺҲҪԷɣͷ׼þƲͳ⣬һҪϻ̳ϿֱϹϾ˵Соüͷһ
ȥɡϹüŪ۵߽
ԭҲϹʣϷǸ˼ңǺģ˽ϲգҡҡͷ
Ϲңֶӣ֪ȥ㻹ŤʲôϹǸСװثҵֺϷ˵͸ˣΣգ
ҡԥ
ϹͻȻ̾һֲڵָҵͷӣͬѾأôԹۣܰһһˡ
ұһᣬ
ʲôϹõѵȥɣ
ҲᣬϹȻȥֻҪԷϾƲ˼ɣĶ
Ϲۺ룬Ц
ҵ
УൽʱȶˣʲôϹæ֤
⣬ˣ¹پȥ׼ˡɻ󣬵ûѯʡ
ҵͷ
٣Ҳȥ׼׼
׼ʲôþ
Ϲӣģȥһˡ˵ǰҪϣһƴ˵ģӦҲɳмӰɡ

ϹӪ⣬ȥתС˵ߣϳ¥
Сȴվԭز
ôˣ
ӣ𣿾¤ݱסˣҲҪܳ͢𷣡
һ㶣ӦţЩ͵ϣһ
ǹӻЩʲôСץҺʹߣƳˣҲſԱӣ
ļ򣺡¤ûˣ͢һҡ
Ҿʹ˼ģó͢ҵͿˡСҼᶨ˵
ұסСڱҸˣе㲻ʹ졣
СңģһԴСЦ
ˣС˫Ŀһ
֪ҹ𴽽ǡ

ɫվڳ¥ϣŲԶ˵ӪȼŶѶԼԼǵ
ӻҪ;ƲˣǳԳԺȺȿɸءСһ
ǲŻͶĳⰡҵЦ
һ˱ˣ̾ߡҵĻ
һ㶣ΪΣ
㲻᲻֪³ɫӵؿһۣ͢׷¤ؽе
һȣݵֻԸսɳƲͶģտôܺ˽Ӣ
ƱУһᾡ쵽
һЦĽûˣҪҪȥϢһҹҪսء
ʲôƾȵؿҡ
ǻж
ȽСҲֻˣƿ˵ʲô
ףԶտЩȥ

Ը˰ţǶװϼ⵶ţβһɲݣǶ׺һڱĳǽϣտյģҲ˳
ӣˡ
Ҷ˶ӣһƬ⣺ţûУ
һ;Ʋ˵ĶˣΨ
һô£
Сüǣ˵ŷӲҪ
Ϲż
ҪҪȥ
УһֵѾڵӪҾԲȥ״ݾߡڻ磬ٵȵȡ
ҺȻʶϹ￴˵ˣϹ䣬̫⣬ֻҪϹֳ£Ϳǡ֪ϹˣʲôУȻ£뽲۵лɣҺ޺޵ţϹһҪһ١
СҷȥӪϢԭЩķңǰů񷢳ĹָĦţʱĩϵһʿϹ
дϲվ߳⺰죬쿪š
ſһ죬Ϲǣ߽ҸϽӭȥʵ
٣ֶӣʲôϹҵļ磬Цֽɳ֮Ҫʦأƭ˵óɵķſϷһġ
ҰǺ֣Ǹʶ㣬һץסĴŭô죿
Ǹ˵ҲǸ˵ģɳӻ֣ͲˡϹ䣬սҵֶӣһ룬ٹʱͶˣ㿴Űɡ
һ㡭
СӣϹСңָ㿴ĸܲץסҹͿˡ
Сҵͷᶨɫ

˺ʱ˵Ӫҹһʱ䣬˳ԱӦϢˣһֵĽְɡ
ţβϵĸɲݱȼţȺһѾ򿪵ĳţ˵Ƭ̺ǣ滹żǧܹѵͻԺ
ҹվڳ¥ϣ۷Ӻ洵ĺε죬ĶдҲƮҼϣСѾһƬҵĺӪأҲգۣȫ亹磬һǾÿѪζл˵һս龰һϮ˳Ⱦվһ֮⣬ýӲָȥڡ･ֻзСңǰȴģһƬʱҾȻսȭͷָݽԼһ㣬ԽԽ׻ǰ飬ɲʲôͷҴǹЦ
ץסˣӺԶĵطȻɽĺ
һɣȴֻܶ촽ѵ³ɬ֣ҪͣϿֻԼõˣƿ϶֪ġؿں˱飬ȷ磬ҾҵشϢָץס½󣬵ڱʯϣԽԽû취
ֻǰָסĵطһ˿ů⣬ָܸоؿҵĴϢİʶ룬ȴƽһûʲôĵġ





 28 

СҰѱסһӣܵʿͰֻ
ǿǰɣǱߵĺɱ϶Ҫġ
Ʒ΢СңҪսڲسǣȥͺսǿϣȻɲսͻٷųźŵؾǺǰй
ǣСѪ
ţȥӭͷʹʿǰգһź˵ͷ­һ
һߺĦȭԾԾԡ
ǹˣҪ۵ûȥСҷЦ
ֵһһ񡣡ƵЦһޣɱ
ͺ潻棬ϣ˹ȻսŵؾΧ˴һɢӣͰո
ֱսֻ˻;ʿǵЦƻѪ̰һѪȵĿԭɱȴ·һ㣬Цȫ¶Ҫ֪;ǺĿǡ
Сһæסϻơ
ЩֵҪ֪ˣ϶ĽҡҹգȻŵЦ⡣
СҺסƣϵѪ֪ġ
Сңسǰɣӳȥĺ٣Ȼ̫ˣСһΪá
СҸϽĨĨᣬƶߴϻȥҽܺãϹͷģ
ԭϲõȺΧСҺߡ
ϿسǣСҺ

ŴƬֻ̺عϡʿ̧ӪʣС¿˿ͻȻ𲻰ʣأ
ӪļʿһãȻ
ҽҽģ
ȥң
Сһȥˣ˾Ϲˣ
СҸ磬ȵûôһʿʵ
ܾȲȵˣҪСҺŭ
ǣ˻æܳȥ
Ƶ䣬ҽһͻȻڴ߿˸ͷᡣС㶵ڴһͻȻվ⣬ץסһ߹ʿûп˾
ûС
СɿҪתȥѰʿʲô˵ǵʱҿվڳ¥ϣûˡ
Сһæϳ¥
¥ͻȻʹİ쳹ʣ¤ݵʿͰнһ
ڶ죬պʿһ¥سǣû
죬ؽ˳Ԯǰ
¤˾տΣؽѳǧʿֻʮ֮һ

˵ȻУԭΪܵظˣԽԽԵů͸һʱͱ˹ȵҩףּˡ
ƵѶҲûʲôܾһεˣʲôǰøһЩʱһʱڳ¥ƽľ뵽ƣˣսɳʬ־˵ѹޣҲǸ˵ġ
ΨһöԲСңŻˣÿ춼Ҵ߲뿪Ҷ߳£Ժֿʼǻں޵ۣҷòУ϶ϲߣֻϹȡ
٣СӣҹӲҲҪ㷳ˣȥϢ
Ҫ
ҷ
㲻С̽ŵش
ȻϹסСҵĺ˵ֶ˶˶죬Ҳϴ˶ˣҲѬ
ЦСҵ֣ȥϴ裬ٺú˯һЩ춼ſڴ˯ģ϶˯ȡ
Сӣüȷؿҡ
ұ֤ʱֶӻС߲ߣϹϵ뺮
Сһͷ߳ȥǸСӣżʱйůõسһóͷµ
Сôõĺ㣬ĸϹߣָϡ
šҹ𴽽ǣӦһ
ûˣô죿³¥ʱֱҪɱˣڻ˭ҲҪ˵㻹оȣҿҴܣҪ߻ħˡϹ
Ҵ˵öԣҪΪСҰźú·Һ
Ҫź·С⺢۶ⱲӳҲϱˣΪҲúúû⺢ϲýϧϲѧҽ̫Ҷս¼̳²
Цҵʦ档
ţϹź뿴ҡ
½̵һЩҽ½˵ǹҽɵĵӣȻ½ûͽܣҲˡ
ԣʲôʱ㿴ݵģϹЦʡ
˵ڳ¥ʩַŲ³ģҴꡣ
֪Ϊβң
ϲҲ𣿡
úáϹЦ˹ϵҩݸңȰɣˡ
۾飬ֽӹͷȾ
СʱСͷҿϽغãȴѾˣ߽ҪúϢ
ЦŶֻһЩѧ̸飬޷
Сεؿһۡ
Ұϴˣ
ϴˡСҸϽͷϴ»ѩ¡
ǽȥ˯ôֹˡҴ
ҲĹӡСͷҵ˼
һůŲŲЦʣҪҪһ˯
Ҳ˼С˹סңЦŹһš
ʲôôҲϹûصһۣȴ΢΢𣺡Сŵ㣬ֶ㲡ûþͱˣ㣬Сӣˡ
СҸϽҰޱǺãů͡
СǰŵĲЩ𣿡
СҪѾˡ
ҷЩģСңǰССʱ򣬶ұ˯ġ
СЦһڿ§ҰѾôˣ԰ѹӴͷŰס
أѾôˡůĺԺ૵

¤ݵڣֵпʼˣһҼһŵƽʣܺܶʧȥ˲áҺСҸ㣬ԺﴫĽЦӿ쿴ѩˡ
Ҳܳţֻڴ⿴˿ƬѩȻƮ¹ȥĺϣ˹ζ
ǺͷԺ¤ݻǻᷱġվڴǰЦ
ǡСҰλǰ
СңĽ͢۹ͣ޶ġȰο
֪֮ǰЦŵģûѹĽʦȥʱǻһȾƣЩܰˡСҺۿ
̾һ
ӣǸڸõСҧ
ɱ
ɱ¤ݵİպĽ𣡡
Уҡҡͷɱ
ӣ
СңҾ֮УҲͰˣȻץסҲϱ˳͢ͲܾģҪȳ͢ᡣұģҲڴ˿ɱĲвӻزԭ󣬵ֳ̱ľϲʳòˣԭκһǶԳ͢飬ʱǷĶͳ첿䣬ɳ͢һЩλȹ֮󣬱ȻЩ岮ǣʱֻ͢ҪƵõòԭ以ɱǵάڽˮƽԶԱ߹عвѾЩ뷨дӳʸˣҪΪԭĿܣ
ӣеͨ¤ݰն͢ɱҪĲ䣬°ջ᲻
ôأֻһˣڲԭϵ飬˼ȥܣ㿴ָŴ⣬Сڲ˵ժˣЦ㲻ҪȥˣһȾ꣬òã
ЦӦУô˵ȻãǰҵԵЩҰζӳʡ
ˣҪл˼ˣҲСȺþơ
ҵ֪ˣ϶˵ģ˲֣ߵ£ͷңӣɩҲòãﻳźӣɲҷһڼ
һˣȻˡ
ָ߸ȥɻתСģĸսˣûֻǵóޣ¤ݵİգŴ˵ġ
ǡСЦ
ǣ͢ôԹأ
ҡҡͷ֪

컹ûйּ͢һؾְƲĥĥߵ˴ųϹȴԸһؾ
ֶӣұѪȻûӣȥѧҪиˣãҲԶˡԼУٽһ׵ĵԺ壬͵ԼˡϹЦҡ
Ϊβһߣ¶ᡣ
𣬱ô࣬Ϲæڰ֣ǣңҲ˼ǣң£Ǹû˼ĵطͲͬȥˡ
ҪȥĶ
Ϲۺ룺ߵĶĶȥȥɡ
룬Ц¤ݵһ󣬵һȥ˹٣ͬһ
ϹͻȻ¶֮ɫЦңҲڣЦ˼ûпˡɣ¤ݵ£ұȥպͲ֪ʱεˣֻԵֶ֡
áҵͷ

СҰǰյȫ˻ȥָ˷ݼױһж¤ʱСڸϳΨһͬǳëձޱڳˮݲ裬Ҳů͡
˼׬ǮտաҺŲ̾
СȡЦӵôõĲԣǰ׷˼ˣȫ˸ˡ
ɲһδӦҲҪˣɲһܣ϶۶ˣЦһֻǣǰҲŪûˡ
ʲôȹӴ˹٣ǿһһһɣнţ˹ӡСҵ
ƾʲôңҲҿԸҵһȥ顣
ɲɣ岻ãͰڼҿ飬ѧʣһؼҳԷͺá
ЦתеĲ豭ƻƾ˵
Ҫѧʼңɽɣǿɾ͹ˡ
ƺһڲ裬ůģЩʲôֲſϷӳ⡣
洫СҵЦһ˵ܴǹ𣿡
һӦÿ԰ɡλȥͣҿԹǹ٣ܷﲻǱ٣ҾֱӰҵĹ١⡣






 29 

һ·ͣͣһºŵǡǱ¤ůһЩʱİϰٻչƽƣÿ⿴ȥپ
ӣˡС
šҴӳ̽ӣ漴³
ӣСҲ
С㿴ۡ
СЦȥ𣿿ǰ˴˿Ż˵ʱڵȹء
ԥ
λǽ˺깫ӣһҶģѯʡ
ǣǣ
СϵļҶܼСĽӶλ
ǰû㡣СЦ
Сڽˡ
ףǲ֮͵ˡ
СĲ֪СĺͼŮΪչɶűܼսġ
һʣɶڸ
˹ǣˡ
ȻЦɻã
ǰּȥϷȥˡ
ԭˣһȻȥ߸ҪȥҲȥˡ
Ƭ̣ȥ
ӣǲСҲؿҡ
ЦСңסڻۣòã
⵱Ȼã֪סǸԺûˡСҸ

ڶȥڴšٱ٣ҶҪȥְģ¤ݵҡӣҲЦֻǲ֪ԸԸһߡ
һʱ趼ıȴûҡɻ߽ףǰס֣ڴѾһʱ˵֮¡
ãȻȥ˿ûйĹġ
һ㶣Цѵǵһؾʥּٲɣ
ĪЩ©ȥˡ
ҵͷȡ
ֹСʱѰ˼ҪҪ˸һֲҶȺȿ⴫һ󼱼ĽŲ
ˣˣϸһͷ׷̫ģһȺС¹˽ż￴һȦңˣۼҽ㣬ôӦ
ƹĳ֪ڻҡҲԡ
Ӵּٴ빬
Щ벻
˿߰ɣƹҾߣ߱ϵ֪˻ˣæū㣬˵ֱӽ
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߽ȥ߽ͤһ۵վ˱ߣһûһµͶʳ
տߵꡣҹ
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̧ͷҲЦҡ
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ô޵ŰˣԽˣɫҲá
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ˣ޺㲻ͬЦ
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ԭɸһƣһؾޣΪλã
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Цôһñ˵Ϊ޵ǣ޻ܹˡ
۷°ڣµ𷣡
ھϣд֣޻Ҫ㡣
дϲȴ¶࣬ߵ׵лϣճΪϽǣ׼ǹ١
ϳĬƬ̣ڵĹڱ߹زԵۣѾˣ˵˲ţ޿᲻á
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ģֻǸְˣҪ䴦԰ֻѯʱ򣬷
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ߵл϶䡣ұۣ
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һƽ˽ǰȶƣ˵޹ֻƽԡѪɱУĹͲܱĨɱ˶档
ɫѿһ޻׷ĽΪξϮ档ڹ˳Ҳ
ޱ飬һ񣺡ʥ

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ҵͷſţҺС߽ȥСģڻ˵ЦǣƬ̣ǰǽ˸ϣλǣ
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СͥԺլӱС̨࣬ͤ¥ʯˮȱ
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ߣȥ濴
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صѷ˼ʮС¦ݸһ嵥΢˿ãЦǧɢ˳ϲҲ
Ǯ幫ˡСȡЦ

լ鷿īֽⶼƷֻϧϵЩСĥīд˷Ÿ¤ݵϹõݸСңõȥɡ
СҰպãϧϧ
ЦٵȵȰɣҲ£ϿΪͻˡ
Щ˯ɣ컹ҪȥҰ޹
߻ؾң߱ЦλҲûдŸ֪ǣʲôӡ
СЦһ˵ŵ۴ء


 
лҪ˵ļºƽֻһЩ¶ѣ뿴ͯЬ漸




 30 

ڶСȥˮԺˮԺڳǽЩѧʢ˽ѧ𣬰ˮԺÿοƾٶҪʮʿͬʿǵѧߡҺСԺʯ·ϣ߹˵ЦѧӣʱҲþ
ī㣬ǧţ֮УݷݷѧӡվԣǰԶͤһȺŵѧɻԼԺʱǹǳЦ
ϲҲ鰡С·߳һβͲĵغ
εؿɷ羰ľٶһûʸ񡣡
ӶǴѧʿˣôûʸĪһҪѺ
һȴ̲סЦ֪˵ãһΣסһѧЦʣСֵܣի
̨Ժĸիᣬ̨֪˵ĸ˶һһ
⡭ΪСֵ֪֪Ժиѧ
̨˵իƣ˸㲻ĻԺ˲֪˲ͤһѧЦ
ҺСҶһۡվͤ⣬ͤѧִһųЦݿҡ
һ֣ҪѰλСֵ֪ģ档
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һʲô
Ǹʶƽ˲ǣϤĽ̵ȥ̫ѧˣֻǡһѧһ
ˣͷˣĿˡ
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ǰһǰƼȥ̫ѧˣ̨ȥѰ
СӣôҲûңȻһҪҰ⣬СҲһ޺޵ı顣
лˡһ֣תҪ뿪
ȵȣǲǽտ
һعͷȥһĽСѧƤ𪣬۾ĺɣӺ촽СɣٿϵĶȻװȴǸŮӡ
ʶң
ʲôﲻģѧҲҪСֵܣŮӷ˸ۡ
Ҿ֪ˮԺŮѧ
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⻹ࡣŮЦ
ǻε¸ѧʿͤѧվ
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Ϣÿ죬ε죬ղλ˵ڱ߹ü˵е飬벻ļ
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Ц˲ֻ֪ͷѧʣ֪УǺõġǰ´Ժʱɽ⽨ʱùѧ£޾ϸԿһʱ
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ϴ
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Ҫռ䲻㣬ռ࣬Ȼ̸Զ߶Ҫ

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СʲôЦʡ
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ҪƴǣǸ״Ԫ񲻹УɻȲء
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һֱߵԺſڣתСɡ
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Сô˵ĸҲԭֻӦС
տҧҧ촽ͻȻǵãҽΣ˵תˡ
վԭأһ
ӡСҡ
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꽫ҵϳţ˸߹٣뵽ڣ˼Һû̡Ц
ǵģżЩүүһֱ㣬֪øүү֪ˣӣõͶ㡣ҽø磬ø˵ġ
һ뵽װƯ磬һͻ֪ˡ


 
лҪ˵Сҵĺܸߣ죬뿴ôҼСѡƱ




 31 

Сתȥֵ̫ѧֱ˸֪Ѯݼ٣ѧϰͻؼˡ
̫ѧ߳СƲҪҰ޹ѡ
ˡ
ûȥС˷ܵ
һ㶣ͷ

ͣǰСҾҪֱ߽ȥȽȥͨһ
СǶģôôི
ˣ粻ڣֻŮˣҪЩءҳ
СȴߵǰſڵļҶ̺ȵʲôˣ㿴𣿿ߣ
Сҿ˿ЦǸʶģã֪ҲȥиҼҹӡ
ҹӣǼҶһۣʵ˵ƷϵĹٶͶܼҳӭֺţܼңҾͿԸǣ߿ߣ
𣿻أǰ֪ҵһЦ
Сץס½󣬶ݺݵ֪Ҽҹ˭ҲˣȻô˵
ʲôԱ߼ҶǰΧסСҡ
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˽ӹӵ˵࣬һЩءҰܼ˵˵ϼ̾ߣ
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СҲʲԸظߡ

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šûбҪɶ
ôô˵ӣʲôġ
Ҳ𻰡
Īǹ˸߹٣Ҳˡǰ·
ҡҿЦ
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˵ӻˣڸȣӲȥϴ͸ӵլң˵ӲڣֻûˣΪӲҪˡ˵˵ţ
ЩΣӸᣬʮˣôôޣԺӣҪЦġ
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Ӻβ÷ɶ˵ѾԸþƲˣȻЩҲΪӽӷϴ
ɶ⣬ˡɶ˵ԿηǴĺ֪Եӡ
ˣɶҲǿӡ͹Ӱɡɶһ
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ڸ߻ȥƽɨһ¥ͥԺԺûʲôˡ
ĳӺ͸ʦǰǼү˵ӳԵϲûūˣ¹ӻ˲ϰߡӸ߹ٺ»Ҳϡˡǰ俪ڡ
лҲ֪˵ʲô
ͻȻͣعͷɫӵؿһۣתͷߡҺСҶ˵Ҳɵҵ֣͡
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㶲֪˵ʲôá


 
лҪ˵ɣʵ˵һھ= =




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ʵʵ˵ûð˵˼ǸȻЦԴǰôðϵ˳һİˡ

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Ͽ˿ңЦӵݸңȻ˻޿˵ܰ޾ء
ҽӹ쿴˼飬΢һǰҳ⡣ңѵľڵذиͨ籨ߣԳ͢δ޹ǳͻЧ֮廧ʮΪһ飬ɹٸǼ˿ڣÿÿѡһ˼һ֮ˣһͨˣҪܵ𷣣ͶϾ˵ĶĿڲ֮ټӣųҪһȻ󣬡ЦһЦȻڴ֮ǰ׼˾ͿԳˡ
䡭ĹʣЦúã޻˵ظ޾ˣߴˣûˣ׼Ϊ޾칦ɣ
˵ǡ̸ͣЦȴЩǿ
̾һЦң޸о֮£ûʲôѵġ
ҹǰƯ֮ʱҲ͢˷ˣ֪б׶˰ˡǷӣ֮ͨܣһ󡣲ң;ʥϲԳмӣԵ֪޲ԣԱ
˷ĲźáﻹЦ⣬΢ͷʾ֮ġ
ᣬıԶҲɶһҾ
ҸϽֻܶ죬ߴ˴ΪϷǣߴǻΪصˣԺҪ̲ǡҰֹ˵ļƻҪ䱸˼ҿɲȨϽʾǫѷȻƺֻǿҵ⡣
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Ц䲻ˣ䲻ϣǿ㡣һŭ֮²ٰˣ޾Ϳˡ
ҹҡȴ
ɣ޴һƣԺ޲㣬Ҳʱ㹬ŹҲûϵ룺ޣٸ̼֡١ԺóƣСԱ㶼Ҫ¹ҲԵǣ䲻ֵ
ϵٳ裬ȴúһ⡣Ҫܾûڣϻӻ֣һƬ⣬䲻Ҫܾ

ص߳ţС˰ӭӣСĵȹӺܾˡ
š
صңѾĺʱˣСҺ˵ңվ
ô£üŵ϶ѷŵ
ӣղ̧Щ˵ǻ͸ӵġСЦ
̾һ
Ӳһ˵ӻ˿϶Ҫĵģ⼸Ǯˡ
¦ܼңЩ̧ȥɡػӻ֡
㲻СҽŵҶͷ
϶ԹԽԽˣȫǶ֪ϳŹӣӵǷҲҪԽԽˡһ˵
Ҿؿ΢΢ӣ˵ò𣿡
ǣ˵öԣ͵ؿһۣԽңҾԽˣұٳǷǣǻԽԽ˫۾ңӽҪС˼ץסѱˣ̾Ϣ
СҲٶ˵§ڻҲɵվߣСҵ֡
һůһôõĵܵܡһ¾ЦǸɥ˵Щб޻ˣϾֻһְûȨ˻ôҡֶôʹͣⱲǲˣȥҹУһ֣
СҺЦ






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ڰŪŸմӽļˣҽѭѨо߽ȴԹվһԲ˵
ͷҲ̧Цңô˵
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ӣһ磬кöྩǵĹԱ
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ô
ˮԺǰͬҪһʫ빫ȥȥ𣿡ͷ
ǸȻֵֻ˾һ۾ͺá
ʵ̧ͷң˶촽ֵͷȥʧ֪ˣȥؾǡ
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Ҹԣü˫


Ժݼһ죬ԺѧҲ࣬д󲿷ϴμȺѧ
ˣûúأɡ
ҵͷЦǲùңԼߡ
ŹӿɡЦ
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á
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ЦҪҡ˵˵ڱ߹صɡ
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һ磬׺ۣߵСҺڳ緹Ҳ
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СҺƶǶصͷ

 
лҪ˵¾ͻйˣȹͯЬ




 34 

а˼ˣùܼҰѻ͵ҩ͹ȥһЩʲôҲȱֻҶˡ˸ߵǰ˱ȥ÷ѩưˡ
ǡֲ˲о
ûˣ㲻ź򡣡
÷ѩȰ﹫ӷ㣬Ҳ˯ðһЩ
л
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ӹ빫ȥ硣
һ㶣ü֪ˣұ͹ȥ룺ˣһԳȥһˣ
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͵ؿСӿԽȫˡЦǲңʧ񣬼ȻҲȥʧˡ

ڶСȥŸַǷͼʶĹԱһ󣬲ʶҲҪ⣬پģͻȻЩڹˡ
Сңȥˣǵ߰ɡ
Сһ˯ŵӣô˵̵ͷ
̲סߵǰס԰ӿȥȴ˺סԽ
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ĬƬֵ̣үҲ֪ǳӲүȥȰ䣬ֵʲô˵ġ
ֵֻ֮飬ҺߵһаĦŲյ·ˣֲ֪ô˵ֽɶаз
үùסŰɣҲǹòáүԸհǰ˺˼ȥ˵ӶҪɼˣһүȥϲƵġޱ飬˵
аһʹε㡭
ūѾˣֻ˸СԱĶˡүҲϡӽɡתҪߡ
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ūǾù۹ⲻүһϣӹЦе
аЦֱߵĲյƺ˿ڲ衣
١үǿ˺ȹ˵ġСһ߾ŵ





 35 

ȪʦӺͽ˵Ȼɢȥֵʦ̡
̴Խɫл󣿡
ʦտʦʼ̣տвʦָԽ򡣡
̴ԽΣʮ껹ǳϦ
⣬ÿ˵̲ͬƽжʮꡣ
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ʦտѿ裬Ψһпơ֪Ҫô죬ÿ˼ˣܾڲ
׽֮˹ŵȻᱯʹǳ̴ԽΪβ
ǡСҺԽȻؿƵġ
ȣʦͻȻһ
һӵͳľнѳʱһЦлʦͷȣտѾˡ
ţʦʹ
ֻһһ֮䡣
ʦۿң峺Ĺâŵ̴Խ֡
ʦˡʱĵ飬ƬҶߣˮӰԿ

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Сḧҵıӣ۲ۣ
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ӸղźүڷүۣǹһֱۡЦ
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ҸϽЦ

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šˡа½վϡɫµ´ϵţ¶澫׳
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һЦҪϲһ㣬һˡǲϲҲͶˣ´δ͸ġ
аһϡ
ҿ˿ĴָЦѡʱ;ôȥÿˣôС۹ⲻɡ
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һڸʵš
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ţҲ⡣
⼸죬µʮױѾܵĵ˶ˡ

 
лҪ˵ҪΪҲھŶ۾в




 37 

Сҡһһ˼ǰܾôĶ񲻴ܣҲܺվһԳƲȥˡһǳţŰʯͷСͷ׼ȥռλá
ЦظЦ˶࣬϶粽С·߿ߣֻܼ˶ˡ
Сסҵ֣Щԥӣ䣬ôͲҪȥˡ
ҲôУǰӦҪȥ顣Ҵźã䣬Ҳ뿴ģǲǣ
ʯͷ˷ܵصͷ
ӣȥͺˣǱҲܶ࣬֡һ˵
æвУǱɨҵˣ˵ȥȥ
ӽܸء
ҵֵܵһһȻҪúˡȥתתϽϸȥ¥ԺóԵģ
СҺЦʯͷһ
Ȼˣ¦ܼҸӡ

¡
һͷһаŽã滹˹
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͸ѷ֮˵ȥˡǰҴӦСҴȥУȥˣիҿԴȥԹ㣬Һ㻹ڡ
СҺܸ˵ӣһЦҲҪȥУѵҪһȥ
аһЦұ߱˵ԱߴӣСؿС
вʣƾʲô
аЦһƫͷңĿƣƾаûʲôҲġ

Ͱں˲ˮϹҲʯͷſϣҺСҲվԱߡͷλ̤һͷĶ顣
СҸ磬ǰϵǸһ߿һԱߵС˵
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ۻҵӣƺڣʮǳ졢졢졭ߵڷ졣
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ǾͺһŮҷߵף´롣
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ȷһʢ
£һڡ
á

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Χ÷ڱƱģСܿ²ǴĶ֡Ц
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СܿҪרˡ
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һǾЩңֲƿ·ŭ

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аƽƽġ
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аһ㶡
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Ұһֵ磬Сܸˡ

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ӣ𣿡Цҡ
ӦһСңǻؼҡ
ôˣ˵Ҫ𣿡СҴҡ
ҵһЦû£Ӧ˰ȥԶȻӦ˾ͲҪʳԣǻȥ¥
СҺЩ⣬ȴʡСҰҰ§ڻúƽ
ߵſڣ˽ҡӡ
һͷһ΢Щȣɶ
ɶ첽еʳеݵǰɶΪЩ㣬ʹ߰ɡ
ҿһſվŵļҶЦлɶ

صЩϣðʯͷѸóԡ
ӣ֧ƯΡʯͷһ˫ŵݵǰ
ҽӹЦһ
ӣɶﲻСµ𣿡Сü
˼
Ц˵˵
Щȷؿңӣɶôʳأڵ˵ͨ
ֱЦſ˵
΢΢ҲǺ鲻ϳвԵĵطɶƽպ͹ӲϤô˵͸㣬ɶүˣүֵܣ˿ңͷ»˵лɶﲻǸ֪ˣô̫ˣֻΣ벻ס
͵صͷɶڵҰֻͻȥ
һżͻȥĻֻɶ˵䲻˵ĻɶǰǷ糾Ůӣүĺ֪ݣǹӲӦýӽģ˻ҪѹӵΪǶ͵ᱡٶҪԷ׷ˡһүṫô죿
Сüɵֻô鷳ӵˡ
ЦҡҡͷǶһ٣Ұһѡ¦ܼңҸϺõĽУΰúã͸ɶ
ǡ
ӣ㡭ɵؿҡ
˵öܶԣıһ£ҵĴ㣬ȻҥԷ׷ףҾҲȥˣشžͻƽϢ
ЦЦֳǣӶү𣿡
ҡҡͷ粻ǸͿ֮ˣšֻҪһɲ̤ѡ


 
лҪ˵ʾ㡢٣йܡ




 38 

˵һѩѩ֮ͣҹúģϸ٣Сѩ轣СֳһЩǳʲ깫ˣҸпţô˵Ҳҵһ㹦ͣǽ
ܾûˣϱûʲô־ˡվߵԺʯԱˮݲ裬ҿźİȻֽŻģĺů
ӣСҸúÿǼⶳúģ˵Ц
һЦļȡЦ˵СҺܺÿ˵轣ܺÿ
Ťӡ
С˽߹˳סգƦЦӺ˵ң˵ʲô
۾ˮӯӯģҿҲ̲ססһ
ҪᣬҺСҸϽ֣һסһЦ
ǵģúܸˡᣬͷЦ
šҺСһӦһЦ
ӺСҸãݲ衣
ֲϹܿΣֳÿɰԽԽģСҲһ˼ţƫĿܵܣ֪ҪŮӣҽסЦ
ʲôأЦúüթ
ҵСһۡ
§Цʣֲմѧģ
Щ˼ݲȣȥѧģ˵ķֲ֡
΢һ룬ӦǸ߹ӵܣǵĸ߹ֲպõıȱȽǣҪ˵رҲô
ҶݵĲ裬ϲĽСŲĲ㣬űĲҶչ㶳
ӣôˣСһŵؿҡ
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ЦҪʥˡ
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СĪǹӻҪȥʦɣҾҪȥСɳ֡
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ҵͷЦðˣһɫȸ˵Ϊʲô
˵ˣӲҪЦҡ
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ôأȻģͬľԴձȥˣǲѧͱɿ̸ˣһ£ģĲ̸ιƽ¡ԽӸλоԽҪѧʷӿԽ㣬ҿԽ㣬ԼѧǵϵҪԼӽ쿪ʼҪǡ֣Ӷңܲ©õ
ֺۿסҵ΢΢ͷСǺܼᶨ˵Ļȥ

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ⲻǽѧʿټЦݿҡ
ҸϽһҾ
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˵ҪϯҲɣ˵һβμԪ䣬»֪
ʯѧʿһѰ׺ӣЦǣϷ֮ǰһܲס
˵㷡͵͵һܣûаֳҲϲ
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ǸʹأҾû˯͵͵Լü¡ῪʼҲɣٹٸ٣ÿһյʦǱҪ಻ͬû취ľƶסڵϡ
ò׽ˣҸʶĹԱһ߻ȥں棬ʹĲӡ´ΣҪֱװ
¡
һͷסңЦүþòˡ
һЦ˵£Ҵ˿Ҫȥ̫԰ɡ
ҡҡͷûʲôȤ
ͻȻݺݵңǿ㣬͵ţ
˵Ҵˡ
ҿЦõվԭء


 
лҪ˵ҹһЩ±ȽϹѪ- -+




 39 

ڶʵʵȥ԰չʹ֮󣬻Ҫȥ԰͢ҲҪɳԱ䣬Ȼ׼չۿǰԱֳɫϢ̾ͻᴫУǻӢ˸۵Ľվţаվڻߣ˵ʲô֪ΪʲôҲŹʸ֧֧еġƬ̺аߵϣŹ߳ʵӣؽӹȴ֧ͬʱģʱһ󻶺
ҲЩѪ
վԭص׹԰߱ġ
£ɺã
ҵͷЦүˣ˵үǰϲһûйϲү
ҪŮûءϧ
ЦѰ˼жҪŮӣֻڵϣĴˣүСҪСֲʲô¡
ĪǺҲظˣ
ҡҡͷ𴽽ǵŮҪʫʸ踳ԷŮߣҶҪж
׿ңˣҽŮɵ
֪ЦֵҾҪߴүطأʱҵĸŮ
Ǿ飬һʼ磬̶ĿƵؿңЦ£㻹
үҲûȶ١
Цͣ½ŲסңҶЦ£ãһԶҡ
㶵Ϊʲô
˭֪أҺḧţ֪ûûΣ
үü㿪
ȴ˼§ң£ûң

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üؿ
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ᡣ
Цү̹ϡҲ˵ԣүҿһֿѣҪҸүߣҲᡣ
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Ҹɿȴ˳Ƶҷסصڲݵϣղѡ
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ǺáЦŵͷ
аҲЦͷңұ۾оذҰ·£á
̿¯ûУġаš






 40 

һ緭ǰ飬ѡ˼ƪԼϲĬһ¦ܼӣпˡ
һߺȲһҡͷ飬ü˭
̶һŲŮź̽ͷ˸
ΣҲ豭ˤˡ
Ҳ¶ηı顣
δ߽Цд鷿
ʯͷҴææܽңżӣСסλ
һʯͷȥһΣլסĴ󲿷ӣôܺأ
ʲôС˵鷿ֲǴԷȥˡνغһ
㣬û취ɫŮҪ㵽֪֪
βмСһᡣôظϷˡ
һͷۡ
ʲôſ鰸ϡ
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ôԡаսʣߵСǰѽݹȥüһ
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ϽңСҿа
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 41 

˵Ԫֲ֮ˣҽ֪ΪҾò·Ĺߵƽջͤӣȴˡ
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ЦɵװһҺ޳ȴƵΣյľأϲɣҪ׵ĸ֮ˡߵ׵ߴ˵ԭҲгȶұ̫ʵҲǴλڵܣ̫ڻʵͼΣɾһμѻ̫ʵ۵ļλӣʲô³𣿶񲣬ʮ㱩УʵСүʮ꣬ĪƽһҺͲܿǵˡε£õ¸ǲε£ɢүûʵȨֶԻһ򹧾ˣ̫¼үǳеһЩˣϲò
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Сͯڵ˶˵˼䣬˿ң΢΢ͷСͯҪߡҹʹܹȥסСͯȵȡ
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СͯҲЦңãҺ͵ŰãӦòôߵģƽҪŵŸ׬Ǯܲʱң
ȻԼ˼һЩˣô˵һǾøˡ
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ιôˣȻҼүȫߣӣ˵һѡ
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Сͯһ£Ӧǡ
ΪǸȥ׬ǮˣȻ᲻ãԺܾҲûٿڡ
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˵˹š
վԭ˵Щ
үôƭ˵ˣү൱Ȼ߹ˣõ˵ïһ
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ţˣʱСŪġҿֱϵץˣЦСͯһʱץġ
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ȵس˳ȥҹûл

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⡤а2

ڶΣĲɣʱ㵽СľȥСͯסĵط˰ҲûӦһֱȵڣûǸӶ˻ҲģǽԺӣżģ׹ǰˣҴԺվһܾҲġ
ؼ֮ȻʼȣԺ˺ü죬ҲһҲæת֮־òôСͯˣûʲôѣŻȽ
ʮʱ򣬵˾ǣԱɣһ˶ᵽ˾ǡ̫ٸ˵С̫ӾӿΣҵͷ˺óһʱ䡣ҵһο̫ǫԼҵĻ԰ССĴӻɫۣſͤӵϣרĵؿźĽ
ڸʲô
ѽˤͷңһŵɫ
˵̫С岻ãҿ԰׵ɫ֪ôСͯˡ
ӿңͻȻͦţǺˣҽ˹µ£֪
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а
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죬ȥ鷿ţ
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С̫ǸεؿңνһЦԹȥ鷿һٴȴĪرϵ̶̫˶˵Ǻҫ飬ȴȤҪһС޶飬ĲԸοҵһٸң̫ǾǳҪ
˺һЩҽ̫Ӷ飬һңȻܸˡ
˺𣿡
һü䣿׻᲻ú˵
˿ң΢ͷ¡˵ϴҺ㱻ٸ𷣣һֱòġ
Цֲʲô£ǰ˶ٴѵõ߿಻ɣ
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£ߣ̰ܣԩ޴ߣߣΪһ衭
Ҵ˸Ƿߵ̫Цһ
үĲɣǲѾ֪Ϸ˵Щʲôˣۿҡ
΢룺裬˯裬Ҫ裬֪̫Ҫ˯죿̫𣿡ͬؿǫһۡ
㣡ľɵҲ½Ҫ;ʥв˵Ϊ飬ϷվȥΪ»̶
⣬һЦƫͷǫҪ;ʥ֪ʲô𣿡
ǫ΢΢ǺʺǶ˵һҪѧأҪʲô
𣿸ҵһ״ԪɡȻ󾹾ûʲôˣҳ˼
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ƲһȤ
ᡣǫЩŵؿҡ
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СӣղŲǻ״ԪأϷ
ʲôϵ״Ԫü
Цһҿɴû˵ģŮ˻ġ
üҲЦӵģа˷Ҽĺˣô˵Ĺ٣
㣡ӷȥ
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㡭
ҲͷʲôңͱҪҸ硣
ǫŴͣһᱻźܶεӣСͯȽϺ
ߵſڣǫǡа磬һȥ󸸻Ҷ顣
ҴСûֵܽãôң߻ȥסЦð´νҸġ
ÿνǴСڻҲܸˣڻϻµԭ򣬺Դҵ̶֮С̫Ӿÿʱ
еʮ꣬Ѿ˻ʮ⹫ˣ̶ݰݼڻ·Ⱦ˷纮һҲٽȥǰ̷Ҷܺãֻĵʱ⼸żߵһЩԣż͵͵ȥүү̵ʱҲ϶һЩ飬֪һսģһֱһŵЩעּǸ˵İɣˣ˶ġģÿο̲סһŭ
ﲡ˺ܳһʱ䣬ߵʱ⣬ֲʣһҲûϻʱѾҲˡ
֮󣬵Ժҵ棬鷿ע鶼Ͷӳϣޱؿ
аԲ𡣡§ڻ̾
һЦѾˡ
ʼԶ飬ȴѧ䣬ͷϰ
а㲻һֱ״Ԫ𣿡
һЦǰΪʲôҪһҲǺҵֻǺٺ׽޵ˡ

ʮʱ¾ѾǻˡҵԴӹغ̸ɹ𣬹飬Ĺٵ䣬£ʵҲܻμӿƾˣΪлֻǶǿˣ˵ҵ˽Һͻʵһ£ûμӿƾ٣ʵҽһ˵ӣңЦ²ҽʲôϲ¸˵
º˿ڲ裬ƫͷЦ˻ˣ
ȥ٣˵޾̺ѷ֮£Žͬʿ֮УֻǴ򿿺һЩ˰죬û֪˭ǫ˷ܵ˵Ҳһ˿Ц
ͬʿ𣿡΢üͷˡ
ҪҪҸ޾һְͬʿˣҵҵࡣ
˫ִںϣαˣҿɲҵ鷳˳ҪȥӾˡ
Ӿǫߵǰȵؿҡ
Ҷãţǰ˵ã㵱ʵۣ;ʥѾôõĻˣҵȻҲȥӾˡ
ʲôѵģھͷ󽫾ǫЦ
վһıӣЦ̫׵ľû˼ˣοô˷ңҪԼƴŽҰɡ
ҪȥĸӪȸλСˡǫ΢΢Цҡ
ҡҡͷЦҪȥ߹صСǧ˵ҵҲܸ

 
лҪ˵ڿ쿪ѧˣҸţ




⡤а3

ҵ˵Ҫȥʦѧգһܵ߹شӾ±鶼Ҫ֣˿Ұ죬ôεģϾͻˡ
νʼ磺ʹϰɡ
ҿ²ȥ֣һҪϣֱҲԡ
̺֣߳ӪʣͻȻסңһͷһǸ佫ģˡ
´һʣʲô֣ˣ
޾̣ʮü
ʮҲãģá±£ֻҪЩүܳ㡣
üִҼϣһЦһ߿
˵ʶ̧٣ˣץ
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תûȥ
ƣٸԣɣ
˻عͷɫ䵭佫һۣ߾ˡ
Īһ󣬵һӪǰƵͻȻתһƻؿڣҺ˱ܹŭʲô
̽أ±͸Һͽ춯֣
һҵҪܰСүô
ֵؿ˿ңƢСүʲôһ٣ĥİ
ҴһԿ
ҺӪǰˣվһԡǹ˼ʮУ򲻴ŲֺͣҴ۾￴ͣһЦ
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С䣬ˣһʮְҲϵĻҳЦҽдڣӳȥǷǣӪﶼЩˣǹ˾ϸӵˣܲίҪǲĸƢԺҪ粽еġ
ҹԹվѻͿϣЦһͻͷʲôˡ
лҲڵлһ
ȥӱˮҡҡλȵӣȻ˵һֱؿҡ
Ӫһ£ÿ˲ˮջȻܲģһϵͷ˯Ȼû˼ġ
СķѳԣϴԺ˰ɡ
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ѾˣʱսˣǻͷʿˡЦ
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ɱʲôнʲôʵʵͷ£ٲȥƴ֧֧
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С㻹Ȱˮðɣ
ǣϴȻͲ󣬿书أҪҲѣС㻹Ƕɣ

ھӪϰƶĥ˺ļ롣쵽죬Һơÿ춼ʱȭšƵĽƯʱҺ轣һȺԱ߿
ƣ׽ˣһΰɡЦ
ƵЩΣֲѧ
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Ųǣڶ˭ôõģǲǣһִڴڼϣһЦ
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ӺӱˮӪһɧңסܹһʿôˣ
ƥԭҪͻȻˣס
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ڵϣؿžȻվߵҵѪ۾ԭڵ۾ȻѪɫȫѪɫ
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ѪɫԶˣصȥҲǱ˺Զƺҡ
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ӦһǲǶȥμӱȥˣƺһߵģ㲻ȥ𣿡
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ΪҽҪ󽫾ֻ˵㲻Ҫ߱ˡҶԴգգۡ
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ĬƬֻ̣ǿ߹֪ôĸӵܣвʰˣûʲô˾ȻӾǿȥɡ
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ȻˡһڴӦ

һȺ˻ʱҿƺЦģ֪ߡ
Ҫˣ俴һۡ
ҼѪǲǣҲˡ
û˵ʲôԡߵԼ¡
Ƶġ
СӻҪʬʲôʱ֪֪ĻȫҺɵģ˾һݡƲ䲻ȵؿҡ
ķݰɣչСҲءСһЦ
֪ˣҪȻǵ˺ߡ
˭Ҫߣ

һȺ˴ЦҲ˿˿Ц⣺ҺƲȥУ˿֡
һ£Ȼͷı飺ιǱ˵᲻ҲŲȥģҲӶġ
顣һȥ
Ϊʲô᲻㣬ϴʵ᲻һӣȻдڡС
ҿ΢΢˶촽³˵֣һ𡣡


 
лҪ˵ף˷棬ӭţҪ~~~~~~~ʵΪ쿪ѧˣԺ϶ܱ֤ոһᱣ֤ÿθ¥ִ˦- -+ ʵҲȽˬ

оǣȿȣҲҪѧУˣʹŵӺһҪ~~~~ղĶǸƣῴѾֹˮž޲񣬵ǣҪҪòö˵һˣ֮ǿģждȥ俴ĵͬѧľ䣡ߺ
ȻллOС˼ʮҵͬѧллOǵһҵˣ˼һֱǵм~~ôôС˼ʮأС˼ȽֱʮȽϵۣҺллңף쿪Ĩq(s3t)r




⡤а4

˺Ժ󣬴ڲһÿӪˮʱ뷽跨ץ㶫ƥѪɫˮʱ֣Ҿúܸˣҵսˡ
㰡ڣСֻץԣƫġС졣
ҲЦŰİĩݳȥ
ҸϽвУأСӣҲץ
СݺݵһۣҲ
ȴںһЩҼװһӪˮվںӱߣһһƥ˳
ǣڲؿҡ
ҹͷ˼ƥڣƽھӪǶûʸӴƥأҾսһʱҲ١ҪҪ
ڴ˴ЦҲǣⱲӴҲ
ڿʱͻȻֵЩ꣬΢һ֣Ц£ƥԣ΢΢һ£֪ʲôȥɡ
ʱҡҡͷңǳ㣬˭Ҳġƾһ˽˵⣬һıֻǵΪλᱻҪأ
ΪʿǺһܹȻȴģǷҲԱ˵ɸһȵˡҷë
ô֪Ц
ҵġü
ˣȻսûи֣
ûСüһ¡
ͽԨòã
Ϊʲô
ΪǱԨںЦҡ

쵽ʱǸһСһһݻ·Сɺˣ˻̾мʮߣðٷ򳤻ڣһɱУҵһУȻֻ˷ܡǿ˺˺ǸϿӪأ˶ˣҲһ
ճ췹ͻȻС䣡
СսϣһǵʱԼĿ޺
Ҫɱң
˶Ʋ˵˵ñȽأӪ
ҷʲôޣʲôÿ޵ģ
޾ֻ̣ܡſҡ
ܸƨҺۺˣսϣֻв˲ȥ

ңȥӪʣٷҲ棬ַŭı飬ңúãǻ£
Ҳ⣬΢΢ü
ɱ˺˵Ĺ壬Ϯô죡
Ҿ㣬Եֿǿٷ򳤿ڵ
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㵹Ǻܽһٶ㲻ҲҪзˡ
ҵֵ϶ˣܲ˴򡣡
벻ƽֵܣֱЦյҶߣģִеֵкˣһٶ£ʮһˡ
ȻϻģûбĸоȷˡԼײײӪȥ̧ȥܶſڴôҩһԡ
׳աġ
ҲϲǷ顣Ƶ̾һ

ü첻ܷԱһţĵʱܶ飬游͸׶ĹЩϤˡ
ٲǼˣҪǲʹãǲһǲܶԿģԡιȻ񣡡
һع΢΢ŭɫЦ˵ÿ䶼ʮ֡
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ŤЦʵҸո룬䣬ǱȲǣܲ룺׶ƽһ̤֮ѹ֮⣬׶׺ں֮£ȡޡ
Ҳһ棬׶׶ϴ㶾Ǳ߿ڡ
ҵͷƲƲϧ˵Ҳûá
ƨá

Һ¾ͺõ߰˰ˣֿʼɻûʲôر飬ѧ
Ϯ֮ǰǰȻԼױˣӪֺһңȥ½½Щ˶ˡ
ҪҲܰɡӾֵ
ֶܸҿҧƣҡҡͷû취춼ˣҲ䡣
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˵ֻ˶̧ͷ˵ɣġƵ
Ҳͷ
Щ⣬֪ûþˣߵӪſڣͷڣһ߰ɡ
ЦˣҵȻҪ㡣

ܵУģȡ֮쳹ӪĴҴܵʿۼУÿ˶һţ첻һҡһˣվ̨ϴֵǣ˾Ϳ쵽ˣûʲôµģǿЩûڵķ򣡺ɳʯιȥ˳ӭȥɱУⲻүڰ𣡡
˵ɫЩҽŵСܲţѧһЩռ֮ղһԣǿ£ʦ壬ݣִԣڸǣǽҵʱұҪӭȥȺ˵ѪԺ˵⣬ͣԸԸһ𣿡
˳ĬƬ̣ͻȻߺ
һȻЩ߶߶ĶԻġ
Ԩϣǧʿƺֱ
ԣױʮ޵УҽҪ£
ЩѪԶĻɳĵ¡¡ԽԽֻܻڵµĸоδҲ£ֻܻţδйĲͬػšҵ۾ҲԨһѪ

Ұӻɳ̧ʱѾˣ»˪յսһƬ͵ܺˣȴ̫ˡ
վһ˾վһǰʮϵѪѾˣҲʹͻȻЩʲôѽĳһӣæȥ쿴ߵˣһһȥ૵ƣڡ
ҵԽԽԽԽ죬ȴûһϤˣһҺۻܣĵ׻ûлŵģվ
ֻüԼĴϢƬ̣ͻȻʮ˶˶˶
Χ΢ԽԽ˵ҿƺȻѪۣ֪ǡ
ƵشЦоδô˹ϲõ
Ҳ϶ЦһЦ 
Цֹ˿ʼ΢ģĴ˿ڣ
û˴𻰣һ
Ҫ߹ƺҲ㶣ͣԭأ쿴
Ѫζﻹһ˿˿㣬Ѱȥ˶ҵڣңЦЦ
пϲڻ㱳칦ƣϧ©ˡ
˺ˣҺȡЦ
ϲܾòȾƵĽ
ϲľƣжҺȶ٣ԺҴʤֻ̣ľ칦òãЦŰѴڱԭľһȥ
ڣ
ҽдͣϧֻܿһʤ̡ߵʱͣǻЦ⡣
ǧֻˣɨս֮ôӪģ˺ܶѲڸдԮפӡ
ۺ͢Ϊ¹УξúǨԶ߶һȺֵܣºڼףÿ˶һֻҡ
ҪʲôҾ΢΢üҡ
ز˵ֱЦױͽ
Ҵһҡҡͷֵܣ˾Ҫ֡ͽб;ÿδʤ̣Ҫڿü;Լ̻ıǰ̵ģԸ˵
ڱ߹ش꣬ҶʮʱѾ⽫ʵּһؾְСʵҲʮˣ͡ڼӢ֮鷿һ󣬸տʼЩ裬˵һЩСʱ飬ֺܿ
޾̣λͲҪˡ
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Сʵһ£ͷЦãҵ㡣
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Цһǰ̣㿴㡣
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ȻģȴڲزסϲãóĽһȣ΢ڻЩ

֮һ˱߹أٱ;ܰǧˡ˵ҲЩңҺֵѲӣӭϴӺˣϣ¡
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΢һ룺ܣں׷ϣ׸ˡȥ׼Ӫдڴ˵ӣϣЩģĺ˿УóȻж
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վϣͬʱԸʿҡź˲ѡ˵ӪɧӰ㿣Ƭ̺ɢӴܣʱʱɼ
ҿѾܳȥ٣ʣµҲֻһ֣ʣµһٱ;ɱȥƺֱҲ׷ɱʣĻںĺˣûʲôֿʿɱҲǺʹ죬ϾֻһЩֻսİܱˡܿͽˣվ룬ÿ϶ޱ顣
Ҵ˸ǷƫͷһۣЦˣƭǲӮģɱʹҲû취ǲܣǾ͸ˡֵǱӣǻȥȾƳ⣡
˺ЦһɵӪ
Ҷʮ꣬͢˵ҪνңһؾҵѾˣټʱͷȫˣҲȼǰ˺ܶࡣҲ߹أھ






⡤а5

ŵȥۣѭŵߵСԺſڣһۼǸҾϳСͯҲǣҵĳˡȫûӡȻ˵ʲô飬ҼʱѾˣȫȻûмʱ򣬲ʶңΪ뿪֮ҲûԵʡﾹЩŭ⡣
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ƫƫǸӣٲҲգЩ˳ܡʵǸˣƼûֶΡܴȤһʱǾɵģ˵ĻҼȫȫԼҲĽӽʹΪ֪ų⣬ҵ飬ִӿһģҲɾ
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ҵ죬ɫãȥԺкȾơȴЩ谭ģϲһƫƫҲžᣬ֪ôĴʱұ֪ŭһȴڵءվ俴֪徭סڱĵ˯һһҧˡ
á
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֮ǰҪҺԺֵܡϣֻһܵܣңҲûб˿ȻȥǲҪ鷳ԼҲܻúܺõӣʵܺһ˰ɣûˣԲòһˣǺܺ¡ǽ޵Ķӣѹǰû˵飬ҺǰĺҲú塣⸱ʱӣҺġԺҿ˳չҰͻؾǣڸһԺƽһؾ߽ţҪӭҡ
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ˡӿһվ

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£Ҫģ˵ţ΢΢ЦִУȻᣬҲϲֵֻܲ
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³çˣα˵ҪߡסЦ
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磬һ߰ɡƽ
̷ſӶǺڰգԼٿת˳ȥԼµЦһ˲׹ģҪˡϣҰյһȭϣѪҲۡ

 
лҪ˵׼ѧһдٸ




⡤а5

ҲûҸǣԼСϢ뿪ˡߺ󲻾ãҽɶظ²˵ȱŮˣҲûбŮӣҿҲ谭ȥ¤ݣչ˺£ڣҲûʲôɵĵġȻҴȥܸʹְڽѧý̵Щ½죬ҲѵƽعǴ鷿ǰҿûϰߡֱ߷ŵһ鶼Ǻ¿עģһһϸϸ۾ͷҲۣʵŤŤڻһ
ǵģҵ˵һúܺá
»Сͯʱ˵Ļ̲סЦ־ʱ˵Ҳ˵
ͻȻһʶ飬ҵһģһ
ƵѶҺֱѩȾƣһҹû˵ڶһ磬ֱ뿪ˡҺĬĬضһҲվﲢǺܱˣҿһۣ֪Ҳô롣
ҰʣľƵѩϣЦƻ᲻ںȴľơ
֪
һǣԲûˡ
ҽ
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֪Ҫһǲ˼ʮױСҡ쵽ǵʱѷ֮ҪҪȥңûˣȷܾˣҲ֪ôԺ£ǰһǣһֱӡ
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صǣԭΪڼ£Ǹ˵һֱûлסȻǣ뿪ô
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Сʵܻãأ鱾ܺá

Ȼղ֪ûţ棬Ҫ׼Orz




 49 

Ǭvʮ괺ͻ缲ԴұٽϾϣػӻ֣վһԵĹȥ
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ȫֹסزΥģʹһãܡ
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ǿЩżСЦҵı棬ԺһһҹǶ˯Ӧ¦ܼæء

߽׾ϴЩƣ̬֮ڴϣվԭһԲϲ۾ü³οգƯ
Сңö࣬Ҳ¶飬
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СƦЦӣһҹû˯һ˯ɡ
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Сȥɡ
СƲƲ죬ֱסңˡһЦһЩ⣺ұŹ˯ˣҺڲڣҪ
˵аЩȻԱ߹ɵر۾ʣ¦ܼʲô
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Сң
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ڼЩģȻӶô˵ˣҾͲȥˣǹҪӦңҡСЦ
һȥȻˡڼҺúý飬ɱܡ
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ȻսСҵų羴
ϧûСʱôˣ̲رܹչҶͷһ£ҶݺݵҵСӡ
㶣Сһܺô׽ҲúܸˡЦ֪֪һ⣬ǱһйĽʿ䣬ĽǲͨīĴˣͬƷ׵Ĺ٣ǵһȡýʿǾķǾü
ŶСһͷҸŹӶ顣





 50 

Ǭvʮ괺˵λʵۼݱĻǰλԪƽаϻʱ¾ĵǻ䡣
󽫾
ոչɽҲվڰٹ֮Уаһ߽ƣ֮ɫȴǲĽýӢ˲
Ȼˣ͸ȺټοȻϳǶ¾
аɨһۣв˵ͷȥ
ȵۣа˶٣ҧȵ׼ҴϳһؾҴҸδϺ̫¡
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Īҹ¶ĸɣŮӴŭ
аֵңֻǳδ¾Һ¹񣬼¾ǻΪΰٹٰݵȴ̫󣿡
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ֻ̫ƿĻ¾ܰٹٳݡ
ǲһ¾ᰲĵˣѵİٹٴֽŲɣɷ
ðٹ٣ߴһӡа
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Ļƿۣİٹ٣⡣
аμꡣа°ڣͷȥ
ꡣٹҲŹ£
аǰ˵𽫾˵ýģɽɹ̣Ըֶؽɽ˫Ŀг羴֮⡣
ֻҪͳԶСˣɽɹ̡аЦ
ŶӦһ𰸲⡣
аˣұһˡҪߣ˽ҡ
ѧʿ
һعͷһļĴˣϽһҾĴˡ
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ҺļţΧĹԱǣ۴ɻƽֻͼͬĹԱ죬ۼĴ󳼣˵䣬пЦҪĴ˰ɡ
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⡭ȷЩΪ͢롣ҵͷ
ļۻ׵ĺ룺Ϸ䲻ϲΪˣʢȴ벻ֱֻԣ˼ȫϷҲա϶ĥһЩɳɹ֮ʯ
˵ЩʲôкɣֻǹӦ˵ǡ
ϷţŮѧʿѧʿΪҪܾļؿҡ
пЦȴԼԭߴ޹ءǽĴкѯ²ǲ¹Իᾡ
ϣ˵Թ֮ˣܳ͢ٺ»ҪֻܱҪΪŰźáļɫӵؿһۡ
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ļһۡߵſڣں˼䣬ȥ

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ǹȥãȵ۲ˣû˻᲻ϧǣҡοСҺд־ӲǸɽ֣ǿϣҲġܸǴһ̫ƽʢܹĵʵֱҲǣ޹ˡ
⼸ʧ˼ǰ󣬻Ҫļʾã˶Щ˼ȡΣԼŲȥ
ҿЦһһʹ
ŰϵĲ̾һҪ˽Ų¦ܼҵ𣺡ӣϵĹܼҸˡ
Ҹæߵ⣬ңҪ£һϽסôˣ
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ôˣż
ү֮˶ֵֹģǴڷҲ˵üˡūģ빫ӡ
ҼҸȥ

վаſڣûأϵ¯תһεĽڰϸĿаڰǰŶͷӰУС
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š
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㡭аһ٣ͻȻҴᱧ߳⣬






 51 

һ·ͣͣɽˮ²ŵ̶ݡ·ǣСҺд˺öŻȥÿζлظСǸСһҲдң϶ȥԺ϶ҪЦǸ뵽̾һ
ʱͣа
ǣ£Сˡаε˵
ţ֪ƵӦһ
аң£һ𣬲𣿡
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£ֻҺʱֻңһ𲻺𣿡аЩ˼
һ㶣ͷЦáԲֻǵġ
ꡭаͷҶЦ㿴̶ݳǣȻԶǷ˽ܵ飬˲ĶˡסСʱÿ궼һҲһȥݷ˼ңòã
ţȻˣȻȥݷá
⵱ȻŲšаƦЦ
ЩΣסϷ̡

ŷҲǵص壬Ȼɥڼ䣬װ㶼أȴ͸ϣԵõׯϡ
һҶҺа߽λһλͷ׵ϸȥܺãһ飬֮ɫ
밲аǰһ°ڣ
˶һǵһοӡ
ããҺúÿ˺Ǽվߵ긾ס
ںվţа̧ͷ
ֻ긾ЦһүòСʱ˶٣ӢˣϷ˵أ
ϸҲһ˫ֺʮ汣ӣ˵аȥ˱߹ش̣ǵ㣬и̣Ҳ
ǰϷÿڷǰΪүȥ¥˵˻үʤ̵飬Ϸÿɸˡ긾Ц
аվסϸˣЦţԺ㽲ĿڲſɲЩ˵ˡ
úãסЩӡ˼Цúϲ£졣
ʱ긾˿ңʣôү˿˻
ҸϽһҾҪ˵а߹ǰЦǿˡ̣ʱþЩ㻹ǲǵãСʱ˵ҪɶӵǸСͯ
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ǽ̵ĸһңЦǸү˵һϲСͯȻܾˣүһ˵ϲ˭ģ˼ץ֣ͽз˼ɶӣܻǵһЩ
ҺҲһЩ飬ģģġ
ôүСͯŶλɶӣ̴ȤؿңҲ˼ЦЦ
ҵġ
һݺݵаһۡ
аʼ磺ܵܣ֮Һ׽ܰί
ȻǷаĵܵܣҲһˣﵱԼҾͺáϸ˴ؿҡ
ҹһл
ˣ̷Ըȥ׼᷿ס¡
аסҵļ磬Цº˯ԭķͺá
ҸϽǣҲϰߺ˯ͷˡ
˼Һ̶ֵңΡ

ڻţһֱа̵ĶԻСͯûǺܶǰˣôǺ֪ӣǣҵû˵ʲô˵ɡ
ˣȻ벻ҪǿаҶ
磬Сʱ򣬼𣿡ɻؿа
Щ̶֣Цֹұһ£ˣ벻ûϵ顣
Ŷ
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š
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ǣֻңȻ£ǴǰеĴӢۣҲ롭Һš
Щ£һᵲǰ棬ѵֻ͵͵һ𣬰ͨ
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Ц
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аЦһ
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ԼԼǰ洫йӵ鰺ӦûٳԵĶɣ֪ÿһвУȻ̰ԣʳֲǰСҺһԵġ˵γţ˲ٺóԵСģһһֽϣȻؾǣҲСҺԡ
һаһǺ«Ȼ鲻ʺ»ĹӸűǺ«ӡеɵŤͷȥ͵Ц
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а̾һǺ«ݸңֶСʱͲˡ
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ԣҲҪúչԼ⸱壬ǽ˵ġ
ţ֪ˡЦŵͷ
ηëеģô꣬ҵ֪ҿ˶ҽҲûʲôôȻϣѾˣȻܸоָոһձ䣬⸱壬ųŲ˶ˡҲˣСҺİɣȻʦ˵ǳؼȻǲƽĴֻ֮ǣСҺΪأ
¡
֪һͻȻͣңҲƫͷȥ
мҵԿ֣Ͽҵ֣ҵİָϿ֣ô
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ô𣿡аüңҿ˺þáǰ룬ãϴҵ֡
аҶߣЦҵ֣һ;øˣôۣˣϿ̾ͺˡ
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˵ô磿Ժˣһ㡣аǹһ˿ζЦ﷢ë
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ǣ£֣㲻ø𣿡аͳɤ˵š
ᣬһ£ȻúܿģͻȻʹ
ֻʣһˣô졣
ɳֵͬܣӦûúõġ






 52 

֪аΪôŮò⣬ڼŮǰûʲôӡһȺѾΧſаƬ̺˶˲ˮݹûôɵӣǣʵСǹӵܵ
վεؿһת԰ߡˮʯ϶£деĺ㣬˸ͷˮĿeԶݡ
ƽǺãҸпһаһӣӦòϰɣϾֻһ
վӭһЦˮ䡣
Ϸ磬ƮƮ˼СʵԱߴ
ƫͷһһʮüĿŵϷվ˶ЦҡҸϽʯţϷһ
Ӳ˶ЩӿɻסϰߣϷ˺Ͱҡ
ΪһдЩʱѰ
ộλǱˣЦʡ
Ƿаĵܵܡ
ϷֿңЦŷѯƽܲڼңûм
ҸϽһҾŷ֡
ŷѯѧԺź֡ŷѯЦ
տֺ¡
ղҼʯкɣмң֮ɫԴΪֺ
ЩⲻȴݣøС
ЦƽΪѵѰʶ֮
ֵֻһʱ
ǡ
֮Ϊ֣֮
һЦֵ֮Ҳտɽˮ֣֮֮֡
ŷѯЦúã벻վ֪Ҷȥɽв®һΣ
®Ҳؿ
ѯô⡣ģҪȥһϷ
ŷѯ룬ңЦ£Ǹ磬ö궼ûˣӺ񣬾ͽһ𡣡
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ѯѵûһˣȥӻҪסЩӵġ
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ۣ̲סЦ
⺢ӡϷҡͷȴҲ̲סһ˿Ц⡣
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Ϸ΢ЩȵؿңŷѯҲ
Ϸ۷𾭣Ҳѧ٣ԭΪŷѯûȤ˭Ҳһýζӡ

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Цŵͷаüҡ

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ŷѯҵζ

ڶȥãаŷѯҲһԣ֣ԭΪǲԷ𾭸ȤаϷȻӣȻЩ죬ûƽģü䵭ɱ֮Ҳɢˡ
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ҹĸҲŷ֮ˣСͻᱳˡŷѯվߣ
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 53 

ڶѧ֮Уаһֱڻò˸ط벻彲ѧֳϲŶԡ
̶ѧʢС֪īӦԺɷԺɽǵ壬ÿɷԺ½ɽɽӦԺĳɽ̳ѧ۾塣ÿὲ֮ʱصѧӶ׷׸аҶ˵š
ҵͷղҿԺĳ챻ƥȸˡ
аЦһ§סҵӱȦڻ
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ʵš
磬ӦԺĳɽǳ̴̺һ
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ţǰأһͯ벻ӦԺɽȸԾһȥݷó˵òã
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ϲ𣿡
š
ǾͺáаҶЦ
Сĵؿϲ
ʱ̴½ζվϽ̳ԭֵȺ̰Ҿ۾һĲѧʢУƾٿҲΪͳ˶ѧĴңѹôˡԭҲѧ˵Ųɣֻ⼸ת֮ѧľ˸ı䣬ѧҲ˼ǡ
˼ţаͻȻϲ᲻صһ£Ц
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̧ͷһҾɡ
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С˵˵ĿӲͽһֻǰиŹӣҪš
ϰԵǰת߽ݣСң̻ؾǡ





 57 

ȻҺļСҲҸ·һ·ϻǵ˲ʱ䡣Ҫȥջͣ
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 58 

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 60 

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ں˵ʲôа취ģ밡Сץҵļŭ
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ÿκһˣͲﶪһӡЦҡҡͲöĹ
ЩӻᷢѿԶѿˣ
ǿסеͲĳ嶯 

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ﱣҡҡͷ󽫾һ꣬ǰսʤҪ˵ñ񣬽ױ;һʿοﱣ۾ܶطĽ죬ԭǱ;֮ʱǾһӦ
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 63 

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ӳһҾ
ʱôˣ
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ЦһҪƴǡ

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ӣǸֻǸԶѡ
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ðаͷҲأȥҹܻʳΡ

 
лҪ˵ǸҲҪİҪVӲ֪= =ȴҷVˣ뿴˵ľ˰ɣǺллң




 65 

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 66 

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 67 

ʵСÿЩЩĹҲûֻ̫ǿԱ߰ø鰸˧Щ޹ؽҪ¡аڵʱһǻ͵͵սս֣Ҹ޴֪
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Цһ̧ͷңӿ˿ʼĳĲ˶֮ɲɲ





 68 

װͷ鰸ʱʱ͵͵һ˵İ°ڣ˻ϣû˼ߴָָһһ¿
īֽⶼڵ룬˻ǲ˵Ҿȵվԭأţǳȥ߱ȽϺá
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ѧ֪ˡʱһ֣첽ȥ





 69 

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СҺ͵Цһҵһۣŵ룬սԶʵʤıֻΪԸǹˣڿظǼƣмɡ





 70 

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Цһ֪ˡ
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飿յתеӣЦ͢ʮھҪӦԣ
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ס죬̧ͷؿһۡ
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Цһ£Ԫһӣʱ飬ҿαϣ΢˸ЦʮҲ
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ҡҡͷа£Ԫ˧ӦΪġ
аЦڽѧôһ󣬿̸ʻﲻǸݰ
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ǣӣ㺫ûвŸɣֻҪʱ䣬͢д뽭ɽھǺĲġ
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 71 

Сҡ뵽⣬ʱһҾԶҲת߽˧ʣʱЩƣ룬Ƥصغ˯
ͻȻڻǣֱҿϢ˲ŷſ
£Ǹ
ʪȵĴǳҵ
˳ӵؿ˯
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ۿ̽ѯǵĿ⣬̴֧ûУֻʱͻȻġ
аü΢΢𣺡£ң
ţеģһЩС£ҽ͵һ㡭
а΢һ㶣̶ǹŻЦôԣô죿
ѹţĵŲԡ
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һ죬ֻ¶۾ƵҪҪôҳԶ
аЦ˼ÿҲҧһ£һ
û취²ңҲûϵֻǣǧίԼҿҪʹġ
ιʵǺܲϰ˵Щ黰
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סˣ֪Ԫ˧ֹʷǷˣԪ˧ʱ̨¥е飬ھǵ˵˶һһεĽֵء
ԭֻЦȴаʱͷҵľ˲䣬̾ʶǰ¡
⵹ǣʶԺԪ˧͸ˡ
аһϣ΢ЩɬǸʱ򡭡Ҫһ֮󣬱˧һֱΪ񡣡
ͻȻ٬ҿϷʵЦ⣬Ϸ̵̣طȥȴװס
ȵϢ˽䣺ҹҹӵ˯˧̵úأ»ݻϷҲÿҲˡ
ЦһЦ˺ˣԪ˧ȥУˡ
˺ģ
ѧҪЪϢˣԪ˧Աɡ
ϵıӱ˳ȥһЩаͳɤڶߵţСıﻵˡ
֪ˡ
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аЦһˡ
š
ĽŲ˼ͣ
£Ϳˣұ֤ܿ졣
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Ϳˣҹ¡
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ȥҸпţԺ̻䰡
ţѲȡպãֶ˸Ѫ㡣

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ﱣԪ˧ڣҿ˭ҡ
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Ĭãﱣ˵ҾͼŲ
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˵кһ˿ǣգգ۾Լ˯ˡ
ǲˣǰǺģйɵúܡ
ҴﳶҵıӣõңҪ˯֪֪
ﱣһ󣬵ҪǾòʣǵø˵

ô
Һɵؿ׳ʿʲô֤֤ﱣ
ﱣüҡ
ӣʲô£
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ĵЦｫֺů
ﱣһ£ޱסҵ֡
ůо
ﱣģлᣬһԪ˧˵Ұο
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ֺ㣬ȷԪ˧ʶ
һ̧ͷﱣһȻ





 72 

ﱣҲҵгһҿЦһ£ҵò̯ɫ
ɡ
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ǲǸúҩˣ
Ŷ
ۣﱣͻȻҰĶдŴﳶ˳
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Ԫ˧ȥüˣʲôϢ𣿡Żʵ
Щ²ʵġ
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ﱣ֪Ҳ˵ˣôھӪ
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ˣʲôˣ
㣬ﱣһ٣Ҳ˵㲻᲻֪
һϵĮҰֿ¯ȡůʱá
Ҳ֪ǰ˭Ҳڴׯҽο࡭
Ұһۣ°Цο˼г裿
㣡
ﱣݺݵңƺЩŭˡ
֪֪Ӫ˵жֻΪԪ˧ڣû˸˵ˡЩ;Ҳûһģ㡭
ЩȻǿЦһ£߹޿
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Ҷڻ¯Цãһ˵Ϻȥء
æվߣҧ´סᣬ϶ۡ
§üôˣԪ˧˭۸㣿
ԽԽҲ̲ס
ӣȥȾСҸɡ

ﱣҺȥݾӪһͣذһֱļ٣ʱʱߴﱣһЩ
û׼죬ϣԽԽ䡣һֱ˿ĵططѾû֪ˡ
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ﱣƺĬƬ̣̽ͷңͷȻţ³
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𣿡
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ҿһֺۣۿȴҧס
Цһɵϣ㿴С˿ˣӪûذᦣ˵Сû°
˿ܣƺһ¶˵Цݡ

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ۡ
ЦСҴͷ£ЦӣСҸûǲǣ
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ɵؿңҹֵС˵ԭѧǷУ





 73 

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սҾޱʤգʤ㶼١ޱ
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Ҳ̧ͷЦĳֻƳǣڹǣǽǵ顣ˣĳԶ󽫾ˮǴ֮





 74 

ŲеŲӣһڽ˵šԼһʱҲЩ⣬ˣЦλˡ
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սһ𡣡
Цˣ뽫ȲҪɱҲҪ뿪Ӫ
΢΢üʲô
ǣô÷ĳҪ˼һȫЦ

ﱣһ߻СҵӪʣ鲻еˣһѾһûԹˣͷЦﱣȥҵԵģ˳СҺùȥ
š
ﱣĲɵӦһҵЩ֡
ôˣ
ûﱣȥһֿңĿղ˧ʡһֱ㡣
ҵЦһ£ǰߣﱣĽŲ
ҲǺף˵һҲܳ졣ţҶıЩϲİɡұ߱
ﱣĬһӦȥЩ飬ʵǣâɡﱣͻȻЦһңղЦӺ꣬黫úܣһ֪뻵⡣
Ұﱣһ̧ۣͷڶǰԶƽԸ
ţ
һҪ
ﱣ¶ر飬ҵЦһ¡ 

 
лҪ˵׼пԡǣ¾= =£ȥ˯




 75 

ųԵĻӪʣſڿСڴͷں˵Żңյ֡
߹ȥڴ£ĶͷѾˣŰЦСӣ۸
СҿԱߵһۣУҲŲҵ
СҼϰõ˿ڣ۲ۣ
СЦҡҡͷġ
ôܲģôʱ䣬òһֽʵ깫ӣɫ԰ġ 
˵ЩĿҲ
ӣ
ССỽһ
һعݺݵСһۣ⼸ҹԹˣ²Ҫ룬ĶҲȥ
ŶСӣһҵɫʵҵ˲Ǻأսɱеġ
̳СҹԹס졣
̾һе飬ͺá
Сһ˫ֱסҵҲһ
Ц
˯òãСƵһ˲䡣
Щؿһ죬ֱңǰһ˯ġ
ȻϲǸ˻˵Ҫչҵĵܵܣżһ£ȻǱȽϿɰ 
ҵͷЦðֵҲþûһ˯ء
СҲڵرȥҺͺã˰ɡ
ҿ˿һԵŵϣ΢΢졣
ôҲڵʱǳˣ
ҺɵشĬˡ
ûûСһתӸղȥ󽫾˰취Ƴ𣿡
Ұ뷨˵һ飬ţʱʱգգ۾Ӳڴѯʡ
СҲһԣŴͷȻ¶޹ı顣
˵꣬ҿ˿Сң̲סЦһ£ôСĳıΣ
СһԵͷҧһڣףֽôģֻҪǾͺ˰ֽҲһġ
ЦһңЩΣ˵
ǣƫͷһ£СЦСҸ磬ʵΪԪ˧ñԶֽǰҲԪ˧£Ԫ˧ھӪĻֽͻɵ͵ϮҲ̫Ҳ֪Ԫ˧ñֻռ˲ԿֽҲȦס
СҵͷüǸȶֲ𣿡
ΪֽҲѵõĽţڣô״ģߣְգҲӦð۽òʧΪطοǻûְء
⵹ǣСҵͷǣھӪﲻսֽʲôã
һ£֮ҪֽԪ˧Ϊֽƽأһۣտڲԡ
û£˵͵ؿ
ǣ΢΢нֻ֮ʱԻˣò˶೤ʱģҲ֪׹ӵ⡭
Цڻ̾Ȼܺá
˳ӵһ΢΢̧ͷңģӣ
ιСҲؿǡ
Ҳ§ЦԭҲֻҪϵʱЩѣңҲڵֽ͸ҡǵȲֻϵĳ룬ֻǣδЩ
˵죬Щϧ
Ҳ¶Իı飬Цû£ʱһ㡣
ЦЦͻȻץסҵڻ
ιС㣬ǽһﲻ
ҵЩůͣСңһתЦ⼸㶼ţû¾ͺúÿ
СŬŬ죬ʶ羴Ԫ˧ȽȤ
ʲôʱаСε÷ģЩģȴֲò˵ʵһ£Ϳ׾һ𣬺òã
Сһˣһ΢΢ͷ֪ˡ
֮ԣǳ׾ο׾ѧѧΪ˴֮Ƕкô
СڶͷʼеؿУ΢ЦСң϶ԺԪ˧˵ǽ´󶨣ҲҪоˣ򣬲Ҫսˡ
С̿æǰסżû°ɡ
Сһӻ֣ץסҵ֣¶µı飬ǲ˵İ
һ£ֺֺЦؿҪˣһһĹȥ
ɫֻС죬޴־ǲͲҪˣҪй͸ˡ
Сҵ΢΢𣬵һۡ
ҰڻɫҲҪ徭ѧιֻ֮ǶЩʷҲǺõģ㿴Щľ֣мǲͨīĴֱҪΪʱɲܱٶ١
Сһתٺ١Ц֪ˡ
ҺɵشСһۣҿСӣǲˣթ
ڴЦһ΢תЦӷģῴСҸġ
ǸСӣеˡ
ȥˮѲ豭ݵüˣǳֶƫͷһ£ЦߣǳȥҺóԵġ
ȥģСȻûʲôһ˿в˼
ûУǸȥһͷ
ҪǸȥӱȥץҰζԺһԪ˧ġСʮֿ϶
ӣ֪ˣҽﱣȥ

Сˣ˺ü죬͢ҹ͵Ϯ˼ΣҪȵʼûЩǡȻϧҲٵȥˡ
д⣬һﱣһȥߵӪſڣһСܹ͢Ǳ󽫾ȥ
дϲϻװƽ֪ˡ
ҽһȥ󿰵Ӫʣ߽ȥ󿰺ͼ棬ںһ˵Ҳһ㶡
һңһ񣬵ЦСܸø񡣡
ҿŽüۣѾҵһμʱԴɬģŴ󷽡
ҲЦŵͷ
ЦҲܾûˡ

 
лҪ˵һڡȥţ




 76 

ֱɽҵȷʼδȷǸѡҵһЦǰ£Цϴμ棬Ժʱ㻹Ǹ꣬Ѿи˵ˡ
ҲЦſңø绹ϴݣûô䡣
ҡҡͷЦһݣҲ֪жʱ򡣡
ԥ֮ɫ΢ɲЦһ£Ѿ˼ӹڵͣǷȡ˱֣Ҳøҡ
ǣ΢΢˹񣬱ӳΣǸȡġ
ȻǺ׽ֵܣҲƺһø硣⼸꣬Խɹж˼һԹ֮ģʵǲã̾һŽڼУҪТҲһ⣬Ϊָм
Ȼˣ㣬ֹȻˣø粻һȰ˳͢øҲջؾүү͸λ
̧ͷһλ󿰣ɫѾЩҵЦסҵ걻ϳţͺͽҶ˹ϵڵݾͻǡˣô
ֽŵǽģҲﲻʲôæȰøͷƴһҲҪġᶨɫ
ЦĽļ̧ͷ󿰣Цӳֵ໰Ҫ˵ɷҶ˳һ
ԥһ£ؿһۣȻֵĵܵܣλӪʺúģҪȥУЩ飬ɲҪӦС
ҵЦģá
ʱ򽭳ƺЩżվѧ롭
ӳΣ˵ͺã飬󽫾Ѿиˡ
ǡɵؿҡ
Цſ󿰣󽫾ôӦµģȻ񣿡
Щԥһɫ󽫾
ǣ俴һֿۣ򽭳ͷֽҪ˵Ļ㶼֪ɣ˵գ󿰹Цһ£Ľļ򣬵˵ھλ磬;Ҫڴˣĳʲôġ
ɫʱЩ԰ףһۣҲЩ塣
εЦһ¡
ˣ̸ȸˡ
˵գ΢΢һ֣ڽ˳ȥ
ҼߵЩԶˣҲЦ£ԱߵȥЩ
ǡɵӦе
Ӫֻдªɢ裬ҲûЩķֲɼֻˮȵģŲϰߡ
΢΢ͷƲЦôͻȻˣ
̧ͷַϥϣ΢΢ȭҵøһˣΪʲôھң񻹺ܣȥۿҲƺЩίʣܴ⣬λ͵ӡ
ҿڶ֪ҵĴвòжȻûѪԵϵһֱҵֳ˵ҲǸԲĺӡ
̾һ飬ŲסҲǶʥ飬֪ɢˣڳ͢ʵûʲô֮ġ
ؿңø磿
Цһ£ǲǾ̫治ʥͽ̻壿
Ĭ
ЦôҲûϵڴźܶң˵ûж˵Ĺɣ 
飬Ҳ뵱ø磬ңøڳ͢ȵ۶ø裬֪顣ø˵Գ͢ûй֮ģǶȵۣøûил͢Ѵø粻˼ȵ۾һ٣ҧѾǰø񣬿ǳ裬͢оøӦ˷
ҵ˽һۣȷΪ֮˵ҡ
ʲôøһѧţҲҶˣӣ̸ٳøģֻʲôֵøģø֮䣿߰Щؿҡ
ӣˡ
Ų߽˽ģ̽ѯؿһۣƫͷЦӳôˣǰʱԺʦǶϲҷֲ裬ӳֻǵ𣿡
˵ţѲڽֱߣְһݸңֽӹһڣЦǴֲ裬֣Ȼζء
˼ЦЦ֣Цߡ
ǡ
ɵصͷ˳ְԱߵӣ¡
Ų룬ƽ鷢չһз׷ۣҲԸһһϸ˵˵ˣҲȫȻ롣Тڻʵ۶ңȷʮֺҲʯĳȵ۵Ĵ̣һǸмĵġ
ɫӵ̧ͷңЦһ£˿߾нɵЦԽտ˵ɽ𢣬ûʲôϵһֱģں˶ƽƽػϣΪһᾡܡԣԳ͢ȵۣҲû֮ģֻǣȨ֮£Ҵ޻ڣ
ͷĬһ̧ͷңøĻмˡ
̾һͷҲָȫȻңԹҼ֣ҲúùһЩ
أǷӵĵѵҲô룿
һۣһ£ɫҲ֪˷ӵĽ̻壬˼ʧһֻŹӵġңˮЦ˵öԣΪںˣҲҪܡ

 
лҪ˵ΪԵĹϵ󲿷ʱҶڱ飬˿¥ԷģǣԣҿܺŻظҲҪԸ!

䵥δԱʾÿ춼һġ




 77 

֪ˣҪȰøתǲܵģȻˣøȥֽҴ˷ţҪֽ
ҷв룬ƫͷЦŵĻҾͿˡ
ҡҡͷᶨҪſԣøȥ
ǣЦЦαϣԪ˧ھӪ
΢תҵЩɣø˻棿
ҵͷЦԪ˧սΪˣǼʿ˵ġң˵òᣬѾȥˡ
Ԫ˧ȥˣ
ӳΣҿ˿Ľ΢΢ҡͷЦЩȴɶ˵˵ˣҲʵ
ԥ֮ɫε̾һҲԸƭ㣬˵Ԫ˧ڣĲڡŲңƷԣҲ֪ġ
ߵͷЦӳ֣Ԫ˧Ĳڡ
Ƭ̣ˣֽ˵ǲܼͰŽ󽫾뽫𸴣Һôȥ
ҵЦǺãҿ԰ת󽫾һġ

Ӫ߳ҿӪﱣ߹ȥļЦ߰ɡ
ȥģﱣüʵ
սӪʣҵͷһ£̧ͷﱣЦȽ׼ϺþƺòˣҪȥдˡ
˵ţﱣߣӣ׼û£뵽ʲô⣿
һͷһۣ׳ʿԲ˵ҲҪ񣬼ǵʱ̱򣬺ߺߡ
ﱣͣ½Ų㵽Ҫȥʲô
ﱣƺĲ˳ߣվԭأصҽͣӣٺ١Цҿȥ£ǸɵҲģȥװѡ

ﱣߵһӪǰһʿǰֵһжķԸ׵ˡ
ҵͷɫｫЩҪȺ򼴿ɡ
ǡ
Ҷﱣʹ˸ɫ̲סЦһ£ﱣҷ˸ۣͶ˶ƺ˵թ֡
Ҳ߽Ӫʣһ佫ϵļദЩǱڴڽ¹⡣
ҦƲ˿ɻ⣿
ǰеľϣЦ¸˽صĺþ
Ҧ˫ĿԲɣɵǺˣ
ҹЦ½տҲڳΪ٣Ԫ˧ֳ뱳;ҲЩԨԴ
Ҧ´һʲô˼
ָҦǰľ뵹ƣЦҦҪᣬǰ²֪Ҧֽ֮ˣеԱƣҦ
˵ֽҦؿҡ
ҵͷЦֱֽֽҲǱ;Ԫ˧ȻҦֽİҵοֽѾӦͶھͬ¡
ԼҦǰ£˸СƱƵִ뱭С
ĬƬ̣˵ֽҪͶھ
ǳһСھҺ澪ɵҦЦЩ˵ҦҲûʲôԭֽʮԥԪ˧һἰոε֮飬ҦǾóҲ֪֮꣬ѸᡣԣֻֽԪ˧ھͣɵЦһ£ھȻѴ֮Ϳɵõ
ҦɫѿҸǰֽĲŸɺԪ˧еĵλھ£߹ٺ»ٻȻض˵ҦһΪֽأȻҲǰƽպͬ·֮ˣ֪ݺ̽˱˾Ʋ򽫾뽫ҪǺޣھһɽΣ
˵գҦһƣҲӦأͷȾ
ҦʼɫţҲߵľҺɵ𼱣¹ƣֽڽ֮󣬾ͻǰġҰþƲˣ˵֮ʱѾֽھӪаѾԻˡ
ʱ˽Ųһͷһﱣ߽ɫӵؿҦһۣҹֵ
ЦﱣҪҪҲҦȾơ
ﱣЦҿˡ
˵գﱣҶ˵˼䣬ɫ䣬æվҵؿҦǷʵ
ﱣͷǡ
ҳҦҦԭ㲻ֽεŽ졣
ﱣһԵӦŪˣֽиҦҦСĵֽʶλҦǳ͢ɵݵĽ죬һġ
ҵͷһ£תȥȻˣﱣҦ·ղ˵飬򲻿й¶ȥ
ǡ
ﱣһ֣Ӫʿһ֣
ҦǺһ߷ӣϮﱣס
ǣ
Ҧò죬̾һҦ㲻ҪңȻֽˣΪҪء

ѺҦļԶҷڵϵӣ˲ľˮαϢһӻͳǷϸ
ŷֺͨͳƺҲûʲôر𣬲ҿԥҪҪţȻŵѾ޹ؽҪˣһ̲ס棬ֱ֪ôŴ̽ʵ
ܲжɡЦҡҡͷ򿪷ڣֽȡǰӦ˵ǰ飬ᵽһдڵˣӦһа˵ҪˣҴδ˵
ҡͷ¿
мһЩԴĻûʲôرģüͷȿʱ򣬲ɼ
֮տѴֵ̡֮飬Ȼأҵȷܶ֡ףۣͬò㽫տݣ֮ΪƱȴԸԵ˫ַϣҲԸ׷Ԫ˧¡
ҿЦŰۺջأûпţҲ˵ǣ˵׼ıǰȥˡаھӪǾԲôġֱԴ˼ʵܿ͸߰˷֡
иֱ̾ĳǸĻ־Ƶƺ൱Թޡϸϸ׽зͻȻһ˽
ѾķԸˣ˳㣬˳˳һƥս
ﱣ
ҵͷ˿αϣ۾̾Żٵһ£Ϣһȥ

ѻŽӪ⣬Цֽ˵飬ѾˣҲֽʱҪʳԲǡ
¶ɻر飬ͷ
ɡ
ø硭
ֹø籣ء
ҵЦһ£ëСӣԺҪٶ˼һЩ˵ûʲôϵЩƢ佫һŭ֮ɱҲпܵġ룬ҲҪ̫¶ϣҪɫƾ¡
ĬƬ̣ǡ
ȥɣҶˣ֮ա
ŽԶȥתӪߣӭ󿰣ԶһۣʵΣ
ʵЩˣǽֽԺ¾ûˡҿ󿰣ûֽݣĲȣ󽫾ҲƳǣôĳûʲôϵˡ





 78 

С˯һ𣬱ůģҲ˯úܰȡԺѹʱ۾ͿСԱߣ͵ؿҡ
𣿡
۾ӱ̽ȥһЩġ
ǲǿ쵽ʱˣöˡ
Сһ£ЦѾǵڶ죬ʱˡ
˯ô𣿡
Сҵͷ§ڻЩǣǲǺۣ
ᣬҿ˿棬ƺã䣬һǲҪȥˡ
СЦŹԣ˯һҽóԵĸ㡣
ӦһرؿСһ

ʲô
СͻȻ˶̾°㳳ѣҿǺüʱҶһ¡
ڱ͵Ц˼СңĺůͰ
ȻˡСҵȻе㽾˼Сӣû
Ժ㲻ҵĻô죿ü˼
СҰѱӳȥһЩ°ϣüʲô˼ҵȻһֱˡ
ǣ̾һʶһ춼ҪȢӣ߾ûҵλˡ
ͷֱһ¡
ôʲôҺʲôʱ˵ҪȢˡ
Ŀ⿴¶µı飬ɱŻҡȰ֮ҾͰ¶
СͻȻݺݵһۣ˭ˡ
ίգգۣЩ飬ҹܵġ
ʱ߽Ц𣿡
Ц
ǡ
Ӧһ̷ϣӳԵ㶫òãҸｫȥץأӺСҸ硣
˵ţõҨһ࣬СصݵߣЦѾˣӿ԰ɡ
Һһڣ˳°̾ԽԽ᲻ãд󵱻顭
ؿң˵ʲô
Сһ㲻ùһ֪Ϊʲôѧ˵ýˡ
ҲؿСһۣɫ㿴СڶôҲָˣֻпˡ
СһЦðӿʲô
㲻˵Һ˾Ͳ㣬ôżʲôСƺЩˣȥ۽Ǻġ
ҡһתЦеؿСȡůЦ뵽һܺõ⣬ȻһֱߣȢˣöǸɵȻҪã̸ҲðĻ嶨ʡ飬
ˣԽԽģЦҪжŮòã
㡭Сƫͷңƺԥͷ˶ͻȻҡͷŭУǰأ
ҪҪôС
СҺۿס죬ؿԱߵҲͷƲ
Һɵش˶һͻȻãҵĸɶӸŮλӰЩɥҲɻȥƵؿʶ־õǣСӣ
һ˽
ûüƺЩ졣
šңʲô£
Щۡ
ղǰݳ¥Ѿ˧졣󿰿ңɫӡ
ոֶҲ벻ʲôͷŶ
󿰵üͷƺһ£СҺ͵Ц
һЦҪˣȳ԰ɡ
ãǰһ࣬ƫͷ󿰣Ц󽫾ù緹𣿡
Ŷ¸ոճԹ緹ġӦһߵԱ¡
ӡ
ԣµߣǷԹˣ
ұߺߵͷһ˼·ٵȵȣزҪװսӾ͸ˡ
Ƭ̣Ҳթ͢ôͻȻֱ˵ͨ
ҡҡͷҵġֽӦѾڻؾ·ˣҲǵǹֵ̫͢
֪
üʲôȥﱣ˵Ҧ
ûʲôҵЩɰˡ
ǣο϶ֽıˣǵ̽ӴδйصϢοǹǲֽӦΪ͢˴󹦣͢ʱ顣
󽫾ü󿰣Цһڳ͢ı;ĿԵõ𣿡
һ𣬷ϵ΢΢ȭ
ֽٴ󣬳͢һɵǸҦǳ͢ݵģʵҲмֽ˼˵ˣٽأֳֽ춯¡
ζؿһۡ
ԣҪֽϴӾǴʱ䣬̽ûϢҲûʲô
صͷ˫ͻȻЦ⣺ˡ
ϵˮԼ˵ˮ콫׼ˡ

󿰣һصӪʾš
ӣ
ǵؿҡ
Ӷ󽫾ӵļƻΪβȫ󽫾أ󽫾ͻᰲˡЦ
ҡҡͷסЦֶΣûʲôֵÿҫģѰ˵ˣ󿰣ҾηպֻǼɵˡ
ۿûдġ
̾ҲڣֻȴܲΣֽӳΡ
ӸӳֵǷţʵֻһЩԪ˧佱ֽĻѣԲԣĬƬ̣ڵ
Ҿȵصͷ΢΢Լµġ
̾һ§ЦԶһġ
ԥһ£ô˵ġ
ҡҡͷ̾ԭôģһǷŶֽ˵Ҳвġǣǽӳ׹ݺֽԿҲ֪ԣǷֻһŰֽˣֻֽҲȫô
ֽĻҲ˵
šҵԪ˧ܹЩ󹦵óɣԾֽһ





 79 

Ƴ֮˰˱īֽÿݹõ᷿֣Ȼѵõ̲סаǱߡ
ʮ¶ʮһգһƿӣããһƬдѩƬӭüͷǡǱ߲֪ûѩǴѩھļƻһ񲻰׷ѡ
̾һŶ棬תߵ̿¯ԱߣƬ˲һǣСĵذǿһҹ̿ңЩ̿ȥͻȻ汬ɽĻֶһ¡
ӣӣ
洫Ľűһƿ
ҶڵϣƫͷȥվżǰЦ
¶Цݣ˽һЦ⣺ӣ죬ھˣ
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ҴٿʼдƪģһλJJ,һдģǱȻģʮ˵ҵĻѪƪĽ˶ߣٺ٣ͷȻ˿Ҳв٣ҺܸлЩǣġû
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 ˵Ȧ֮Լа⡣ȻˣʵûνСе鶼ҪСϲε໥໥εĸ飬Ҳչġ߾ǲһ߹⿿Ƥܳõĸ顭
 ԣСͣԸȽǿҲֶΣʲôСҷ˼Ƿ̫ǿ= =ġ
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