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춼ģΪǻɽɽ嵱еΪҪһ֮ɽй֮޲ǲ̫ԸðյģȻ޷շ壬ȻչܿΪΡԴȺɽǧ˰̬Ļɽɡ
šӭɣԲڡĽ»֮ѡ˻ɽ
һûüȥǿŹʱȴĽӲ춼壬˵ɽȺ֮Уɽƶͣ˿ƣɾȻѾ˻ɽܲȥһ춼أ
Ҳ̫ȥһ·ߵʯͷ֣ȴձĽ춼壬Ϊ˵ң㲻غ¡
ĽҵϹһӢ˧ӣҴСһֱڼҴк꣬ҪСѧʱһֻһܾѣҪϴѧʱһڶСѧƴڵĴѧʱΪҿоʱѾжˡ
Ҵ֪ҸôΪԼݳᱻԼһֱĹ֮ʱĽȴһֱϲҡǸ˷ܵһֱû˯žͱűӿʼɵЦԭҲϲҵİ
ĽİְĽСʱȥˣһֱŰһŮˣΪ׬ǮңϿԼ壬һǰҲˡĽӴԺ˾ֻʣҺҵļˡҵĸĸһֱϲΪСһɶµĺӣɼ⣬Т˳費ڼҵʱҸĸҼҳԷ
ǰǵǼǽˣǼǽװȥְֵİԱΪ䡣һǰĸΪǰ˾ϯ᳡õܰλޱȣ᳡ĵطװԲιţۺɫ򴮽ӶɵģȥϷĵ·԰ڷŰɫԲƹܣŰɫɴɴϵ׺õ廨ƹϷһõ廨裬Űۡϵĺɫ̺һֱڴ̵ϷɫĻǽϹŽɫĸ֡÷
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ҽ۾һҪһĶˣҾķһֺֻӤ֡ţ뷭ԼͷҾȻһӤϣӤڻᷭôŶ󰡣µӤᷭھȻ¶ô
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Լȴǡѽѽ֮
ңĴһӤˣô죿
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ҵԼԱ֮ʱͻȻԼĲһĸоҽֺСӴҵĲϿܴһ塣ҽøһЩĿһѪͨʱ󻬣ŷ񣬵񹤾տһʵϳ˵ĺ񰡡
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ȶʦСкɵĴ
ȻҶȡֲ⣬Ļȴҷһٸģ˵ʦðǾ˵ڻǸŮģûдԱ𣬲ȻͷɱʱԲԼڶ̫
ҴԽˣôĽأҲӦôԽ˰ɣḽ˭أֻأ
ҪȥѰҲ²ˣôң
ʱҵֶ˵ҺúõչĽΪҲûˣֻʣˣ۴ˮصĴӦ˰衣
һչ˺ģһģ
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ںУҽ֪һЩ顣ԭҴԽ磬ﲻйĹŴΪĸûһʷϳֹġֽ£ҪĸǶٹѹͥǱڤҴԽĵطλѹ֮Էɽ
ҵʦҲҿӣΪŷ巣ԷɽׯˣǸ÷ޱȵСкΪسȣҵʦ֣ꡣ
ҵһֱǸԣʦûи߹ңҵĵʲôˡҲûйʣΪҲ̫ģκεڣھͱĵֺοȥ׷ѰԵأ
ոʱһλȥһָ⻮Ը𽥱˾ҳԶִĸĸһ뵽Ҿ̲סһӣôɥŮ֮ʹ춼ˤȥʬ޴İɡǾȻһ棬һТŮ
һӤʱҾüֱ꣬пڲԣȲߣֻڵݵʱҪˮǴС㶼Ҫ˰æָо
һʱ򣬵ڿԱųڵʱҾȻϲڿ˵ˣʱʦһҰο˵⺢ôĪͿˡʦҵأ
ʱҿ˵һ仰ˣʱҶʦ˵仰һǡ÷ӳ羡ڶǡҪѧ书ҷǳؼǵʦʱ𾪵˲ţ֪ҵЩĺܲ뱻˽¶նûеҲҪׯʱҵ֪ʦ书ǸǿҼŷı죬ΪҪȥѰĽֻ֮ԼǿܸõıԼҲܿˡ
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ÿ춼书ʼֻдûܽ书ѧøáΪִСѧ赸Եʣ书˵Ҳһرѵ飬ټÿն̿ϰҵ书٣ʦΪ֮̾
ʱۣ׾Թ϶תۼʮĸͷȥˣʮۺǿҶ䣬ʦʦֶҵָּˣΪǳ书ʱȰҲҪԼ̫ۡ뷨еһƬ˼֮飿
ʮʱҼˣΪɽׯѾûŮӣǵûΪ٣ҵļҲһʡȥˣЩһִҲʲôزٵ£ǰҲѾʮˣô˼ȥأⲻװʡ˲źء
СʱһֱԼ˻᳤òִңȫõˣΪʮҸִѾûʲôˣֻӵЩ
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⻹һʹɽǣҷʦֶбˣ֪ʲôʱʼʦֿҵͲһˣǰһʱʦֻῼʽ⣬ʱʦִ˼ңûʹԼȫʦദʮ֪꣬һˣǽҸ飬ÿʱҶἴʱӱܣʦһˣ֪ҵ񡣼Ȼ˾ͲݣȻẦģԵҽɸһҲĿˡ





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һգգƯ˿˿ƣ綯ŴЩһֱû̫ע⿴羰ΪûǸ顣ʵԷɽķ羰ǳɽһļŲͬⰻȻҶ컨װعʤɫʰŲʶĿ
ΪȥĽĻĺԸһֱסĵطĿֻĽһֱҵǣңҲܷЩҲһֱңѰҵĻôӦò̫ңԶ
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ţʦ洫˳ɡ
Žȥյ˰ϣʦķһֱأ˱رļҾûκװҾҲһľͷƳɵģʦһֱƵЩ֮￴úܵ
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ʮȥˣ²ûʦ̫ۼȻԶŰɫԶǧƪһɲй˿ĸı䡣һ覵ȴΪûһŮأ
ҷ²յߵʦߣʦʱԿ飬ʦϲд֣дһֺ鷨Ծۻ룬͸ֽ֮аһɰԸЩ롣
һûüڵʱʦ̧ͷҵ¶ôпոΪʦݲأ
ʦʦһһֱϰ߽¶һǣǲҲùˣֻһŶѡ
ʦ˵ٿصһ¹˵ϣʦ˵¶Тʦԭ¶
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ҾʦѵұֵôôôЩҳ˵û˵κβʱĻʦΪλ֪ҵ⣿
ҵͷصǵģ¶ɽȥǧ磬Ĵߡ
ʦҵĻߵ˴ǰ۾Ŵ⣬δ˵һ仰ΪʦǲԸ׼˵ʦʱʦת˵ҲɽˣܲһֱɽϡСѧգ书ָܳΪʦҲûʲôòĵģֻǽնһ˹⻹ҪСİ
ʦĻҵһˮۿЩʦһֱҹıѾѽԼĸף˴һ֪ټǺ꣬ҲҵĽʱִҲʦˡ
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ʦ첽˹ңҵļ˵¶Ҫİߵǵøʦӷš
šҵ˵ͷ
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յʱҾͿʦһĨɫӰʦҲһ˫ӣһСʱҾѾˣСͳôƯ˻ܲô
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ʦָתͷ˵Ҫʦְбô
Ͳµʦֻôһ˵ɽȥĻôʦְбȻǺãȥĽģôʦָأ֪ȥѰԼʮˣֽԿأ
ҡҡͷ˵ʦѵҵ书ô
ȻǣֻЩġʦֺϵһܾһıû̫ı仯
ʦĪҪģôЩദѵ㻹ҵԸô൱СĵİԽʱһֱУǰҴྶͥǰҺӣڼиĸţĽţһֱúܺãԸͷϺûʲôʮȻȻʦʦֱúܺãܾԼٻһЩ仯Ϊľһˣϲһ¾Ƕڴǰ˼ϾڵѾʮˡ
ʦζĿ˿ңյ˵ͷ
ȻͷҸҿ϶һ·ҵģΪǲģʱ취ǣɡ
ڶ糿Ұݱʦʦ֣ϰԼ彣̤ԷɽׯĴš
߳ŵʱתɽׯĴţǺɫ̴ľϵĸԿҵĵףסʮĵطһ֪ܲٻ
ΪҪôأ





   

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⼸ҲûвʦֵټѵԼ뿪ôտʼʱһЩƶһⲻôʧҲܲôˡԺԵʱѯҲ١
⼸ΪʡǮʱסջʱҿŴϢʼʱסջʱӶ࣬Ҹʱסϡ˼ҲׯԼһţñԷֹɹ˺ͷ紵ʱҲɵһ࣬ฯʴҵ졣
ѾǳʱˣѹѾұˣһĿȥͥѰҡĹ֮һֱͨĻԿԽ粻رѵ飬Ҫ֮Ķ
ҽͥʱɫЩԶҲ·ˣҹұ˿Ŵ׼˯
ϣϵ쳣࣬¹͸֦ҽ׵ϣİ׹⣬ΪʦʮѬգҲϲˣΪֻΪ㣬ΪҲ뽫ʱ仨ѵԼϡڵǰգ򵥵ķҲֻһΪװΡ
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ѸñӸͷϣԴѰȥ
ҵԴʱҾʹ㶵ˣһʱŲۡ
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һĨǱѪҾȻѪˣôѪڸʲôʲô£һ;Ȼ֪ԼѪ
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Ǹղŵ˶ԱôٶΪʲôô죿
Ľ¹Եøӵع⻬ԸУſխұȻ޵Ļ浼ҵıѪٴӿ
סӣϽѪ֪ûУĻͶˡʰͣͷ˵˼Ǽһ²һ£˵׼ߡ
˭֪Ȼסҵȥ·뿪
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ߣѵ㻹ҪôҶ˶٣һߵͷһ˵һĹԡ˱𾴾ƲԳԷƣȻƽʱͦ˳ģⲢҾһˡѾкܶûսˣͷЩ
ǼһŮӾȻ˵ҲһЩ˵ŮӣȻ֪ɻ˵˲Ļñõס
õñǾͱ㿴òˣɵҲȥ˭֪ȴһҵǰû갡Ÿ޼ŮܣҸʲôгϢ
ҽ۵ĳ˹ȥҲҴڵصĴ˲С򵽿еʱͻȻϹȥΪ׽ҳ֮ԾıԼٶ˺ü˹ȫǴûмʽһʱ֪Ӧԣ͵֪Ӧ֮ʱҳûһгһȥͷϵˮҲ˽˳¹žӨĹ⣬󻮳һĻߣյڵءҳô˻ýϽתʮµȻܶȥ
˭֪ȴ׷ᣬҵϰµģԼץס쵱ˡûǰȥȴԸٶܵҵǰסҵȥ·ûа취ֻͣ
ִ̧ӱȡ˽ҵ羽ɽ󻹴ûгʹΪˣһ㲻һҪϵˡ
Ҿٽ˹ȥʹԼԴִ̫ϲ轣ѧϰ赸ĹϵҲѧһЩЩұʦʦִֽ̫ʦҵĽΪһ壬µ̫˸յʽ
˼˽ҲһЩ˼ʮԺ˾Ȼʵʲô
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ҵĻػȻЦЦ뷨ҽֳֿȭָ˲ٻغϡ
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̨ĺһʱ˿̣װɫɫ಻һ輧ּ輧ʫѩ
ҲȺ֮УΪ·õһ輧
εᣬǷܹˣΧһǰ׼
ٷСĳ˵˵ϾʲôţϿأ
ⴺ⻰̧̧üϳٿأǵݡ
ٷǿԵİɡ
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ٷգʵ˭ǿģ
ⴺصӣ㣬ҲǵӰ
Ŷôһɵúúˡ
ְһٷͷ˵ȰˣɱΪ˿˶˼ɻ䡣
ٷ˵ӳڻô
ͷ˵ǵҲǡ˵˶٣˵ӳ羣ôô
ΪΰΪҺܽţҺͥĻʵ۾һֱҪҵˡһ֮ǰͥ·мǰ麡£ɫƮ֮ʣǰϹĽζĵط
ɵͥҲ麣־ͥĻʵD͵ġһDǰĽΪ˵üʥҳΪ·õ輧
ƽһ鳯Цƽʱô
ҵĻҲЦ˺ʱʱ̿Ҷ߽Ҳʮİ
ԭΪ˵ʱڽǵﻰˡ˵Ҫȥץ
ŵ˫ֵסͷֱѽ˵˻ô
һڣʱܿ͹ȥˡ
ʱ
ҹĻΪ輧Ĺϵһֱﲻ߶ֱǱʱܳȥ
ҹ赸ǡ졷ִʱϲ赸Ϊǹ̶Բģ̨ҪĻ
ʱΧĵƻˣΨ̨ϵĵƻţ·õվԲ֮ϣվԲ֮С
ҵЩЩ٣ȲԾڲѾܾûбˣõҶѾϴαǶǰˡ
ǰںƺĻˣ¶Ⱥչ¶΢Цһ㵹ֱ˽ż̧ҵȣɫĳ΢Ĵ»ڶҿʼ˻ķ֮á
һʱ䣬ɫȹƮҷֱϵĽʱʱ裬繣ʱ㻨䣬Ʈɢͷȴڲ们磬ءˮˣԼʱ֮ԲͬѰĴ㵹̨ºȲ
ʱԲ̻תԲϵĲƮķţ׷֮赸һδ˸߳
赸ڼ䣬̨ѹѹһƬȻҵܹģҵ۾ȴʼղҾ۽Ϊһͻ貽
һˣԲͣлĻ̨˲ƻԻ̨ͣ½кòϢʱҲŸ̧ͷǰ
Ƽ֮ͷڣϵزױۣüĿͦǱ̣һָҵ˲Ľ˭олЩıơ
һǧģԿϵպǣʮٴεü
ǣΪʲôȴ˵İ





ڶ  

һûüϸıϻϵʱĻĺˣҵߣҵǰֻʣһƬɫĻǽ
ν⿪̶ŵӴԲȻص˷֮СһٷǾͷö˶ӵңﻹţӳ羣ӳ羣Һü˵ǱֵΣ
˼㱣ȫûн˼棬ֻǷܵ˵ܺãǱֵúܺá
ҵĻǲɿƵмʳ쳹̨ˮױŪˡյ񿴷һĿǡ
һĵͷ˼ĺ壬Եϸǰܹ̫ʱҶûϧҵļҲŷӳ
ϧСҶ˵ӳ羣˽
Ҿȵ̧ͷʵ˭
ϧÿһ£ʱſһ̫վǵĸǰҼ·ϳˣں۱ߴ廨֪Ʒ׶ǲСĪǻϽҵģѵĽ
ת˼ǳЦʵŮ£
ϸ˵÷ɷۼһˣ
Ļܾܾ֮ôȨôοҵԭԸġ
ҵͷ빫ǰд·
̫ҵĻǰд·ˣҷɿظϧʹ˸ɫǲعңٸ̫ĽŲ
뿪̨̫֮ת͵͵ظ˵ۼǰͷ˻ϸǰֻϥ˵檲μӻϡ˵ʲô;ܵͷùʲô¹հ죬ֻǼǵǰӸ檶֣ʲôҲ˵Ҳʣͷùȥֻ˵檸ˡô
Ļ𾪣ΪҪڻǰԳƳأϴ˾ΪΣȻʣȴûбֳֻ˵ͷС˵Ůˡ
̫˵󣬴˿־ּǰСҸಽţÿһ̤˱棬ǵʱһҵĲȴǧذ㣬ÿ̧һ̫
Ҳ֪ǰȴҵľʲô
һֱü˳ĿţΪĳ²̫˶ֻܸоΧкܶˣʲôͲö֪ˡ
ҷͣ½Ųʱ֪Ѿվ˻ϵǰֻػϣūѾˡ
㽫סˣղҾɣǿǵ檲ǻʵɵרԳƣû롣
ܱס˵һûķԸ˵檲μϡ
һͳȴϤޱȵҵĶ䣺Ŷˣమˡ
ȻһȴرʧΪͲĽĽ˵ʱȻů˲Ծͻ뵽յůڹģʵȴ˪һ;ѩأ͸顣
ΪԸҲû˵ֻǵͷϥϽ˵С÷ް֮䱦㷽֮ǲ˳ˡ
ڳ֮е£ⳡ᱾Ϊ裬֮ǰԸһɾǲ
ֻ컯ŪˣվˣϯĪǸղʻҪҲɣΪλҪңϲԸ˵ӡֻǻ֮ôȻǸĺǻĽôΪʲô˵λЩëȻĸо
΢֪裬ˡϤƮҵĶջζֻǵνӦĻﵫȴδеı΢֮⡣Ӧúܲİɡ
Ц޽˷Ϳ๦ߣ֮УֻҪͷѰʲˡ
л⣬ֻ΢δ뵽
Ƚ뵽֪֮ɡ
ʥ
仰ǶݵĳĬĳĬҶЩΣҾԼվڴ˴ЩΣǻûֲߡ
һСͻȻתΪһưɡ
⻰һĲͣΪƣǺ⣿ΪάҲ˵ӵĻôֺαҸأ
Ȼų⣬Ⱥڲȴɲңֻ˵
Ҹһ˵ͷһҵĸǰϷһףʢ˾ƣҺڵƻͨӳҲԵýǽã˴˻ӳȻ̻ԻͣҴ˿̵ľȴЩҰ
ֽ̧ǽУȻ̧ͷ˹ȥȿһۻϣҿʱҲڿңʢЦЦҿȴЩαֻƤЦǷĵĿֻ֣һҾͿԶ϶ԲĽֻһĽ˶ѡ
ǣ⣬ûһĽģΪʲô᳤ôأ





  

ҿ˻һۺתߣҽĿתϣǵҵĿⴥʱҵ⾹Ȼһ쳣Ϥף˲Ǳˣദʮʦ֣سȡ
ʦôͥĻʹأӦѹԷɽôѵʦҲң
Ȼɻ󲻽⣬ҲЩµʱ򣬵Ժȥʦǡ
Լ㣬ͷڣһ筵Уһ㶼ദʱǰ٬ķпκϲŭ
ΪϴпЩߣһ峺Цݳ㻺ȥߺҽ׵˵á
ޱؽӹеĽףһͷڵľȫĶǣƺ˵л
ҳЦЦȻ˻Լԭڵĵطٿ
ҸովȺ˵ҲˣϢɣ޻Ҫٶ
ҰķԸͷ˵檸ˡ˵꣬ҹ˺󼸲תȻȥˡ
ҵӰ뿪Ƭ֮ʱһ̫Ҹǰҹ˵÷ūǰ
÷ƺʶų⣬Һν벻ϻ˸ӸҵһٴΪĽĽôҪһбҪڹôһĽأָˣ
뵽ҳ̫˵͹ˡ
̫࿴ǫ˵Ϊ·ūŵңūŽСӣھеԺء
ﻰҳէкܶطȫء
⻰˵ˣʲô¾ܷԸūСӰɣɷūˡ
ãСӣҲô۵Ƹ˵ֱɡ
лС˵껰ֱʱſòƤϸۣ촽
Сڿҵòʱķһ̾һֱҷ̬ӶǸа֮ˣ˲¹ͷĽһҪСΪĸƤҲ̫ˡ
ҳСӻ˻˵Сӣ߰ɡ
ҵŷӦֻæĵͷ˵ūŸūŸ
Ҽҵ̲סҾͲ֪סˡ
ҵĻæ˵ūʹȥ˵꣬ת·ȥ
С˵԰ԶһԵ
ΪҵķӣԾӾ⻹סһλɣ¥ᣬΪ楡
ϢʱҼЩˣDԲҵĽһڴЩʲôأ
ǣΪʲôҵһڴĺұ뿪
һʱһǾҵһϣĽĻôϯ϶ҵġ
ҵﾰſڵʱͷһλɫװŮڹſڵңվһŮСӿ첽ǰ
ɫװŮӿʱͳȻ˵檼÷
Ҽụ̈س촽ͷỨ٣ϴɫ·˫øμˣ֪ﻹжŮأ
һƽ˵¥𡣡
ʹϢǴĿ죬Dиʲô紵ݶ󹬵Ů˾ȫ֪ˡңûûУȲĺֲǹٻҵǧֻһշ΢輧ֱӾ͸λЩŮ˻ңʰأִҾʵ˿սӵĳƺţΪսˡ
ֻ¥̾ǳùɫ㣬ĻӴ˲ţؽء˵ʱ۾鶯
⻰ȴҲ٣ڵұʹ̨װǾɵƬ䣬ϲŴ񣬿խ¿Ʈ鶯ǲ˵ΪﵽõЧӰҲõĻɫģ˵ɫȾϣһķЩ
ڹŴǶһСĻ֬Ļкк졢ɫأ֮ʱ仨ժ£Ȼʯз鳣ȥ֭󣬼޵ĺɫȾϡҪǻɫȥ֬ˮ۵ҪЩǲҪĻ֭ӹ˻ɫȾϡ
ƳĻɫȾϻЩΪͻЧһƤһۣڵƹҫ¸貶Ŀ
˵ʵȴΪұǸֱ֮ˣϲķί֮ˣ˵ĻпǷģȴȥ̽ѯΪûǸ顣
ԣû˵κιûʵĻδ˿ı仯ֻǶ˵¥極ˡ
ȤҲֻǰң˵ﵱˣ檷صϢɡ
ҲϲĴǸղѾܲˣʱٲֻǺģΪңȻ书ǿ죬֪ǲԻ֮أңұҲһദˣֻЩ¿ĽйأųЩ
΢һЩЦ¥˵л¥ˡ
ûƿ¶˻ĵЦݣķЯ߽˾





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ոսþʱҾͿˢˢ˺Щū빬ŮСҲ첽ȥǸǰҹȥ˵ū/ū澣ӭعＪ顣¥Ｊ顣
ʵôһǰʱܹȴˣҼñ˹ңǸϽ˵ҿɡ
ǵվȻվһҲǲ
¥ʱ˵檲߶ˣ檸ˡ
ҳ˵ͷȻŮĲš
ԶҾͳС˵СӣҺþֻҪˣһһѾͷɣ˶ɢ˰ɡ
СЩΪѵ˵ǻǱν
˵ǲصģȥǡҵ͸¶ϣСǱ۷ˣͷӦˡ
СһΪĹŮȫǲˡ
ǶԶԺʵˣ⹬кιأ
Сӻصÿճʱȥ̫밲̫ﲻڹУԵȥʺ밲
ҵ˵ͷ˵ˣСȹ򰲰ɣϴ·Ҳ򰲰ɣҷˣϢһձʱͺá
ǣӦȥˡ
һ·ź·ˡ
ټ޵ֻʣһˡ
ҵڴֺ£DĽôҵϣһˣãã˺һѰңĽĻôأѵ֮ô
ǵһ꣬ů֮ʱڳϫĴ󺣱ߣŵԡڷǰʯҵϣصȦ˵ʯϣԵ
ˮҵĽֺɳҵĽֺгˮȥʱĻߣԶǵãյĻƻ裬̲ߣӵӰһֱŴ󺣵Ĳ˷ӿ
һһֱŻȵʱ̣DվûңҶȥȴչû뿪Ϊвʡʮòһò֮ͬˣûеõȷϢ֮ǰȥأ
ڣҴͷ硣
ڶ峿ҡ
Ѿ֪֮ǰݲ뿪ʹ⹬һǻҪصġ
ڻЭ´˷ߵĹװΪһ׷٣ڷ˽βҡЩ鱦ҹD͵ģ˵й
Ұס˻֣תͷ˵ֻһڷϾˡ
ǲʵΪΣﶼء
֪뷨ǰ֮ôŮˣȴֻһˣΪ˵õ˵᲻ȥĴԼأ
ȴ룬һұعˣҲ鷳ֻ֪DǲĽѣһ޹ءķһѾҳΪʸ֮ˣԽ͵ԽãΪֹ̫ҡ
ҳէһ򡣾ôɡ
ҵĻҷϵķζȡֻһ񻨽档
ڰŪͷεʱʵ䣬ڹ˶ˣ
ūڹˡ
ϹˣѯʦֵӦû֪İɣʦλжƷ׵ǲСġ
ͭ˳򣬷ֻͦŵģžͷԸȥʺ밲
뻪ڹг֮У;·˾͹뾰ʹңֱסصŹĲɵġŶһ̧ͷϷһգĶʱޱȣظߴĹǽ˶Ů˵ഺ뷼жٺڵȴĬĬȥжŮѪĹУжԹڿĴƮתֻΪһԩ
һеһУΪǸµӣ֪ô
Щ˻⹬һϷھĹͰɣ䵱ʼٸߡңDô
˼Уڵ˷Ŵŵ̫Ǳźͽȥͨˡ
һ̫˵ʺҶԽ밲ѯʵһۣһ£밲ԼŮġ񣬻ʺȴжЩεġ
һظһĵ񣬸˵ؾңȻ̧Գȥˡ
ҴηЩŮ֮Ķ˲ҡ
Ψһ֮˾Ľ
ʱ֪Ǹ˵ǡ





  

𲽿ʱҾ;ÿһɲѰڴ֮ܶмżʡŭ벻мǺһγһǿĳʱײҡ
ʱĺתͷߣΪҪأѵƾҵ书·ɲⷽĽô
վڵ˳˳֪ҵʲôұ򶨣ʱ潫Ǵñ׾Ͳ̫ˣϾ˼ҶһЩִСͳҰ˳Ұá
˳Ҿͻ߽˵ڣ󷽣ΪֹŸ߹󣬶ŵԼǻ߳Ĳҵ۾һֱֱǰҿǰһŮӣױнۣͷΣŻʺһ޶ϥ˫ַϥϣڵס֣û̫ı飬쵰ü˫ۺܴȴûϣ͵ǳСɿɰģǸµ˶ֻЩ
ߣһݵͼ輧Ҫô˵ţӻһĴ󰡡һڹ۲ʺϵʱһű֮ҵĶ䡣
ĻҲһڵϣҶǿűסҸŵ̬⻰ʲô˼ѵ˵ôڻʱ̰
ǰΪԼ˭أΪϷͷ֦ͷˣ¼Զ¼һ̱˳
ǺЦ˵СܸеȥǺôܳƵһΪأתͷֹֻͣǰĽŲԭȵ״̬վŲ˵
ʺ÷أ밲ʱҪģ󹬵Ĺذ˴˵ŮλڻʺҲ࣬ۺɫ˿廨ۣͷ񣬾ϲ˱󣬵üۣСɱα͵Ŀ̱˳࣬ʱüء
λãҲ²ŹŮ˵ִ֪磬ţȻѹ˻ʺͷϣָʹʺ󣬿ʺǸܻʺûʲôʵȨġŹӦúܳ谮ѳĸе䷶
һҲʺ󿪿˵ⲻ̫ðɡСó棬Ҷѣ˵ʲôġ
ʺɱĹأ÷Żϵĳ谮밲ʺôͽһԺǻȥʱҽﻹԣŹɫ˵
ʱ̲ס˵밲ǳʱ̣Ҳûгٵ
ŹҵĻһܺЦЦƵģ˺ߣͷŤŤ˵ʱ̣÷ĸ˵밲ʱǳʱˣ
˵ͬʱҵ۹׽¥ᣬѯʣȴͷȥٿҡǽͷݵûǿ죬ôУһͲϵˣҾúޱȡҲ⣬ԭģҲҪ̫ߡ
֮˲ʮŮˣֻվŵģûһ֪Źǹң밲ʱȴûһ˰˵ҲǣĲ֣ôΪһʱȥǸλٹ̵Ĺأǻôң˵ҲģзŹ
ŹҲ˵֪Զˣռȷ棬ô˵Ǵֺα˵أ
תʺ˵ʺ밲洦ðɡ
ʺС˵÷밲ʱְ淣һʱִУЧȡ
̧ۿ˿ʺŮûûǷǹôǣűôģ
ʺ󿴼ЩתͷܿҵٿҡԱߵŹ΢ҡ
ڵȴҵ¹
ܵתȥǷҵĶʱв˴˳һŮ˿Ʋסļ÷ӻʺּܲʹȥ
ֱӵĻȻȥ
ʺֻ˵ҹȴû˵򣬳˭߳⣬³ȥ䲻ǰ֮ˣȴҲҹˣҹ˵ܵһ򣬵Щ˵оƲֳڵˣΪǶ䡣
򣬶˵ʵСһһҵϥҲףֻЩʲΪֻܲ࣬踺ءίʲôأ
һֱֱͦ£ڵŮһֱЦŭЦȫҲڡ
ʱһһĹȥڿ쵽һʱʱҵһ̫ģ˳ͣһ£Ȼ˵ڡ
һ֪ͣݣǰ̫ܹȫ
ȫϸҵ˹ūߵʺǧǧǧǧꡣ
𡣹ǰʺڴ֮ǰǴྶͥ
үū÷ȥĵһˡ
仰ԺҼˡߡ
D鷳ҽԺҲలˣƫʱǰȥĵЩŮǸӺңڰأ侮ʯҳΪʸ֮ģ
ʺ˵÷ڵ⣬㻽ȥɡ
ū
ȫ˵⣬վҸǰ˵үūȥһĵ
ҳͷ˵͹ˡ
ȫص֮£ɡ˵꽫̧ʾҷֱվҲ֪⣬ȻˣҲòӣͷֱվ
վ˵÷ūǰ
á
Ҹȫȥĵ˷һӵŮˣǻʲôı飬˵һЩʲôĻѾ޹ˡǣDΪȥĵ





  

ܿ죬Ǳ㵽ĵΪĵԶһ·˼ԵɣԸоЩ
ĵԺȫ˵ɡ
ЩֵصĿ˿ȫýȥͨô֣ҲûԵɣ϶DԸģʲôʵأ
һصá
ҶԽĵҲأǿ򶨣ĿǰǣҽĵԺȴûˡ
ĴһûзDӰȥˣ
εĳŪҽҲҲǣѵҪһֱɵվŵô
վſڴ˿ڵװΣڵĸɫΪɫԺɫӶ࣬żһ˿ƴ䡣зſ̨̨һŵ񻨴Σӱǽ߶ԳƵطֻ۲ʻƵعƴƿ̨Աܣ̴ľƳɵģʵغʵĵ鼮ĹڵϿĻʵ鷿Ĺ첻̫һܾһЩִص㡣֪Ҳ֪Ų˽Ų
̨ȥ̨߽ʱҵ۾Ͷһˡ
̨ϴʱصһǻǷŵģȻһ۾ܿǻŮӱҡ
ʱĳ
תȥǻDʵ̻࣬ľ֣һеǳЦӯӯֳ裬Ų̨̧л׹䣬ԾȻֽϡ
ϷмпС֡
ض˳̨裬¡ۣɡ
һֽϵīֻδȫ͸Ȼûá
DΪģʽҲ²͸ȻܻΩΩФңΪβȥأΪʲô
͵һڷD˾ٵԭʱҿͼ澹Ȼһŵͼҽͼƿһ㣬ϸ˿ŵͼȻҾط֣ǾȻһŵͼǹŴͼ
ŵͼϻ˵ĹĵΣɽأȫעˡмϻдˡءĸ֡ҾɽصԱ߾Ȼа֣ĵλȻõǡmָǸϤֵĸˮԽؾ͹˳һڵͼϣڵͼƤƳɵģˮδ͸ȥҵˮԽԽ࣬ͷʣ۾Ҳģˡ
DĽ
Ľ˭֪ʲôСءĽ˭ͨǺɽĸ߶ȣ
ǰҶеʱĽѾϴѧˣĽİְСʱ͹ˣһ˸ɼֹ࣬ĽҼҳԷҵѧôãĽʱҽѧ⡣
̼ǵøոѧǺʱҾʹĽ˵Ǻѧкô
ĽЦŶ˵Ȼôɽĸ߶ȡ
ô㣿
ȲɽǶȻܳԲ뾶ֱε֪ʶǺɽ߶ȡ
ٲֵ֪ôˣαȫ˶ѧأ
Ϊѧѧһ߼˼άҲǺôġ
ҿûʲôôҵ׺ʱܲѧѧ
Ҽǵ˵ϲѧѧѧǽڵĻ㻹ѧ΢֡Դۡ
˵ĻĽܼסȻڽĳһĬĬΪЩ¡
ĽĻڶĿҵзʹʧ
ɵɵǷݵͼ̵˳ջ£ʪҵ½
Ϊβȥأ
ѵ˵ⳡԽɢô
ΪʲôôΪԭ
ΪҪһݵͼΪʲôҪעءʲôѵ˵ѷĹŴʯôⲻʷô





	

뵽ʱ̧ţȻûκӰ
ʱһϤĶ̨Ͻһʼܣ
ʼϷһֻɫĸֱʡҼȥֱֻȴָòҸϽĨϵᣬǰϸ۲ֻʣԭֻǵǶڱʼϵģѹŲ
ϰԵҪγֱʣȴβҸֽʵβתܿ죬ҾͽתˣǸֱʵڲֱִȫһϰԵȥһǸƬסܣʱ󷢳ϸ΢죬ܸδܲ
ҳԾתǽڳбһǶȣӷҿӦһҡҸϽֱʻԭ·ƤֽϵˮȫɣȻҵǷŻԭλãǼҡ
ҿҺǽԶĻԭˣȻƻԻͣڸղſ޹ҵ۾ЩʹǴʹĸоܱȵϴʱӾϸҴǿҳ
ֻҵмһž޴ʯ̨η΢̨ƾơձƿһԹܣұ߷˺ܶƿӣƿбǩǶһЩѧרԼ
ٲȻһѧʵҰ
ǰҷѾĽڵѧʱΪҿ˻ѧоĽǳϲʵ飬Ҿȥʵ档
ǵʱĽҿͦϲŪЩƿƿ޹޵ģԺʲô
ĽصʿģǼҪ㣬һǾĺáһҿ˾ɣʱȽϸߡ
ʱҽ˭ҪԼ׬ǮѧĿǽѧȥ˹Ľ°͵Ϸڹ׬һʵĻͲóȥˣڼҵСͺǡ
ĽҵĻֻǳЦǺǣʵҵΡ
סĽĸ첲˵ʵ߾ͺãڵѾˣֻǣӳǽС
ͷȫףݵ⣬֮ʱҿԿһºӳǽ⡣
ңϵѾǧһˣҲֻҡ
Ľ˵ͽ§˻صҵͷǳŵ˵ҵۺʱֻ㡣
뵽ʱۿǿѹˮٴζ
ֻңȢ˴ССôʲô
ֻҵˣΪҪ֮Ψһѵ˵˻ʵ۾Ϳ֮ô
ȻȴˮٴιУ̧ͷҪֹסˮȴ̧ͷһ˲䷢ҿұߵǽϹһľ壬ľſʽǹǶΪͭʡ
ʶ̧һֻǹϸϸ鿴
ʱûǹ֣ѵ˵Ľô˻ҩ
һ˼ηҩʱҸоҵһϢڡ
̰ϢԴˣϢΪδɱЩڣ
ûˣĽΪβҶֻ۲ңҪ׼ɱңΪҴô
ҵòǰһģһܲϵðĲǵˣղʱҾɣǸȷˡ
ǻǵձ΢ôΪβǵң
֪۲ҶˣҸô죿
뵽ˣҲ˲ӣǹǹͷҵͷǺ
Ȼװʶǹһȥߵ
ҵߵȥ
ǧһ֮ʱDƫǹλã顪һӵҶߺХ
ҾDŭҪô
ĺ״ӵǹڵأָסؿڣֱ㶵ĿǰӻͣĲš
D쳣ͷ˹
ɺҴݻ٣ô̶̵֣ʹʮһ㽨ϣ֮ǽȻѹڷ֮ףáǲǵˣǵ˰ڵҾ˰Ѷ۵һһҵģôˣôʹ
ԽʱҲ´ҼÿնԼ쳤ҾͿһɽѰѰʲôϤգİ񣬱ĻؿһЯ衣
˭Ĩȥҵļ䣿





ڰ  

սսվͷ²¿ͻȻ£Ϥ˴ϵΪα
ȥDֳҷ
Ҳ߳ңȥĵڵȺķ䡣
ܿʹˣֱӳ⺰ȫ
ȫӦ˵ūڡ
DԸ÷˼ʮ壬Ȼٽ̧ޡ
⻰̲ס̧ͷD̶ƽ޲Ҷʮ壬ĻȻ˵˵Ĳ
֪ʧȥ˼˵ֻһСòСĳͷ϶òɱѾǻʶƵ˰ɡĿࣿôܴأһػ᲻˵ҵˣȴҶʮ壬νܣ
ҵļŹô
ūȫصת˵÷롣
ҶصĿһD̫ĺ壬ڿҵȻûиı
ڣתȻȥ
ҵĲޱȣȫҪСܸܲңں˵˼Ӧת
Ļתȥһ㵽˼ҿŵϷŵдš˼ֲЦ˼Уѧ˼ˡ󹬵ɴѧô
ȫ֪˵ʲôֻںҵɣүūȥء
̧Ž˼ﾹȻðһĺ׳־
Ƕʮôһܵס
ǣ浱ǰӴʱҲž۰۵Ĳ⣬ģǡžžµİӣݺݵصҵϡ
Ա߱ľͷƵޱţһ
ӲҽǣȴҲýʵļҪ˯ǲˡ
ûкһֻۣſ̨ҧקȭͷƲվԱߵȫŶüͷÿһļҲŶһΡ
ҵĴѾҧѪָؽѾ԰ָֽǶʱڣǳˬҵĶͷȴһϸܵĺҵͷȫճڶͷˣҲʪˣ·ġ
ҾǶʮһʱǰãǱ˵ʮ
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DҼסٰˣָ֮ʱҶҪٱֻ
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ĵ⣬ǽҴӼȫ˵ūŷȥɡ
ҡҡͷ˵ˣԼ߽ȥ˵꣬Ҳ𸴾͹ӳȥÿһҶʹ󣬾ޱȣѾЩ̵˿Ǻİ̵ľʹˣǺ޲ý̨ϡ
ҷŵŽĵȻ˼Ժ㲻ǰˡ
ʱD̨Ͽоҵĵͷеҵߣ˵¡
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֪һʲôܵһôʱɻڽյ־ٶ
DҰûжŭڣƴ
Ҫּô
ֿһֱֱĹȥϥײɫʯ棬Ҷپʹͣһǽҧ
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DĸӺܸߣһװ˵ӣڵֻƽۣմɫױۣϵһΣ׹ɫգһֱǸβ˵
DҲ˵ͷʳָ̧ҵ򦣬ӣдЩ΢Ĳ죬ʵô޵Ľأ֪ô
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Ҷ֪ղԼִʲôͲǵˣҾ˭
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ôDɵʵʵΪ졯ô
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裬ǵһݳô
ǵġ
ôǰƿ
⻰̧ͷ˿Dʱ̧ͷŵ⣬ĲӰȴЩįǶϰȻͦɣȻԸӲ񷣬ȴεӰֻڷС
ôûпأĴϿİʱǻûдԽء
ʲô£Ϊλʧȥ˼䣬һѡʧ䣬ЩǵЩǵˡ
ǣΪʲôǵõձԹܣǵȴң
ѵһֻձô





ھ  

ãDջߣջߵͬʱҲջԼߣҵͷŵ棬ɫʯ澵ӣҿĿԼ
ػDͷ˹
ûлشֻվʱžϥǺʹղǿĻˡȻͷ
㲻ǵôô˵
һص̧ͷΪ߲ĹϵҵͷҪ΢΢ֱѸٵصԼ̬Ҳǰ¶ĸ飬ڵƱ䣬飬ǳڻʹγɵıȻԸǸ߸ϵĵҪҵ׾ٵ£⿴ԸԸ⣬Ҳڻ֮ǰһЩν
ǿѹסķӿİĽ˼޹ʹƽ۹⿴ȴʻ
Dʵʶ㣿
йһ֮Ե
ǰ߽ͥѰĽʱżڽ˷˵㣬ҲСı°ȥɫյļıӳĿơ
ڹסһʱ䣬ʱñܿ
ΪҪڹסһʱ䣿ڹ֮вǲסôѵ͢ľйô֪Щֻһȥѯʦˡ
šʹңҲܿģ˭ûȥǸ
DЦߣ޷˵˼
ǿס۽ǳ鴤س嶯ʵ˼ˣ
˵֮ʱȲԳƳ檣ּ̬ǫ
ΪһûϰݵĶȻ仯ʹϰҲ̫ԸǰԳƳ檣ΪǴԸΪ檡
ʵʵ˵ûϰߡ
þϰߣͥĻʹв֡
ʱĺƵʵҲϰִΣǣѹסУվû˵治Ļ
һ֣ǡ
Dü˵㻹ͦǿġ˵֮Ѹ־סҵ򦣬ȻսһЩҸоͷΧĿȫˣܿһЩĴƮĳ˿ǰһĵھ׵ÿ£ֻĺڴ˷šۣ澹ȻɱڴӿDʱ̶װӰӴ˿ȴûҵӰ
ҪɱôΪ΢ĳƺ
㻹ûԼôD˵⻰ʱ촽ûôſӦʮŭɣôЩӦôû˸ɡ϶ţһݱ΢輧ҲҲĻĪҷΪӦöжɽô
ҵ򦱻ָǯסҵ춼ЩˣѵĻصȷʵЩףΪĪΪ
DûΪʻŭֻЦĪ»ҪָôΪʸô
ұͺܱ֮˷̵ĻͷһȻصԣȷʵûʸʸأҲ·һͨòͨ輧Ǹ߸ϵĵ²գʱıҵλԸԸ⣬ҪҾͻΪҵϲࡣվŸ˵֪ǼӲĸ֣ʵ۰ôңɼôһͼôңô˵أ
D˵Ļʵ̫ʧˣǸôǻǵձԹôΪʲôȴҪغƽȶԴһأ
Ϊλ
DҵĻٿһɿ֣ǰһ£ϵɱ⽥ʧˣһֳı飬˵÷ӳ羣˵ⷬǺ⣿ʾӵĲͬô޵עԺ֮ˮƽôĻôظ㣬̴ˡ
ȻذŰĽҵİͣڱϵģҰȴʴȺɰٴؽ󣬻Ǽֲиͼǿľ񣬸ǿްҵġ
ʱ˿վǰDǰĽȴֲǰĽҵ㣬ǰҫ߹ޱȵѪͳΪǲֶҪ谮Ůˡ
Ҿʲô
һʧȥΪʲôı˳ףԸֱԯޣʮоʲôΪ֪£
ϣгֳﶼһԭɵģDʧҲ⣬ңֱDʧǼ֮£˵ʲôıɡ
뻽ļҪ²С
ҪͱDԵˡDΪǲֶҪ谮֮ˣҺβ˳ˮۺأ
뵽ˣҸ̬ȲΡΡصĹȥͷúܵͣҪϵذˣѧĵ˵˳һΰɣ´βˡ
˵껰סȴDĶȻD°˿
˺ðDڷ뿪뿪֮ʣһ󾢷磬ûζҲû̴ζеֻµеϢζһ㶼ûб䡣ҿɫѥԽԽԶֱʧںɫ̨
ҲDʱϵıӦñ֮˰ɡΪһһеˣû뵽Ҳ沨еһԱ
Ȼص̨ԵDĿ˵ȥ
ΪҵĿģǶֺȻվԭδжͷ΢΢̧һЩϷίı顣
DǼҰûжƵĺǵûô
ʱҲŻȻ˵檸ˡ
˵꣬һͷĳȥһһֳӡ
ɲǼٵģĺʹء





ʮ  

һ·ҡҡλεصĻ˾
쵽ſʱҿڹſڲͣŲӣǽһϣұ͸ڿӰʱΪҵġ
俴ԴǵĲʱ첽ܵǰסңʵôˣ
ԳЦЦ˵û¶ʮѣһס
һ۾ǺôĵӣôҴ
ƽؾϴġ
侪һŵĿңﾹȻЩỨʵŽΪҪ
ҡͷ̾ʱַ¡
֮ҲûʲôģǰŮ˿֪ˣϾͻ˵⾰Цˡ
ص˵ͷ˵Ŷū澷ȥ
ðҿܺü춼Ҫءи˷ȷʵЩ
Ĩϵ˵˵ﻰūӦġ
Ҳ뻪̸£Ѹٵת˻⣺֪Щ˲μ칦磿ûһصˣ
˵ٽô
̧Դ˵㿴ԣûһճµˣ
ػԴˣҡҡͷ˵ûУҪūȥʡ
Ұ˰˵ˣʵġ
ŶЩߡ
뻪쵽ſʱҷ¥վڵſڵȺǡ
һȳһյţﲢû̫ĳԾ֮ɫҲѾ֪Ұ֮ˣһܳʲôðͽأվʲô
¥첽ַסң˵ǶԲ𣬳檵СڹҲûУĪҪֳ檡
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ҽʱᵽһңʡһҪҽڡ
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Ů˵޾ͿޣŴŮӵˮô
Ҽñ˿ޣûа취ֻ֮ļ˵ûе£룬ȥɡ
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ùźǲ˻Сӣһڵ˸طվһſڴ˼ʱȥʦ֡
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÷˵ϴúͷɡһ󳰷Ӵߴ
һ£ҵľȫˡ
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ȷʵЩ˯ɵˡ˳Ļ˵ȥΪʵڲ֪˵ЩʲôͶࡣ
Źü˵Ϊ˵仰Ϳȥ򱾹밲ô
ǲ֪ʲôе˴ôгһʧ֮ʱкܶ侮ʯİɡ
ʱҲ³Թ֦
Dոҵٰ֪Ҷʵûκвġ
벻DٰӾȻΪҽһЩŮ֮ĶǷӦùлһ˵úأ
ڣֻҪúŹԺӦûΪˡίȫҲһˡ
ҷسӣӴϲվǰӣ׼밲ʱ򣬲֪˭һҵϥǣһûվȣڡһ¹ȥ
Ź𣺡Ӵ÷д˴񣬱ܲס
ҵϥ淢ǿײ۵üͷȴЦ˵檸밲Ｊ顣
ŹҲ˹˳밲ͻɺȻ˦˦˵ߣ÷ɣȥˡ
˵תͷҲص뿪ڵ￴һҲæŸ˳ȥ
ҼǶ˻һ䣺ߡλߡ
Զ뵽ˣԺӦòٵ˰ɣ˵ʵҴŹˣʵڲΪֻЩЦصˣӵĺ





ʮһ  

һ˷־оʹĻһҹ֮Ϊ񻰵һҹ֮伣ǰҹǻ߸Ĵ̨ŮλһİĽģǿޱȵĵһĵģɽҹǲټǵǸΪӳ羵ŮӣҲ˼ǵùﻹ÷һ
Ҳ˼徲ӡ
ʺʼնûеȴȥ밲һ£˵ǵһָȥ밲ʺĵزֻôһŹͷҲȷʵѹһЩЩʵûʲô
⼸ָúܿ졣ÿնûȥ̽D˭ӣһ뵽ŮڴϷƸ꣬ʹĺðѵݴ£йͷ֮ޡ
֪˭Ӳ֪˯֪᲻ȻܵңDڵ˼άģʽû£Ҳܳ
źûȥ̽һ˵DŹӣ۽ǲԾĶһ£˵ʲôζ
ţûСӻȥϢˣһҲϨ˵ڵĵƣװѾ޵ӡ
ڷһ׼ɫ·һ鲼ס˵ŷܳʹȥ
ҵؽķһЩΪֳʵڴЩṦãȻҲҲš
ȥĺԺǽ⣬ժһƬҶߣشתĴƮݡҶʦֽҵģѧȫ뽫ʹá
һһӰԡ
δʦֵĴһɫļͷֻüһݳ죬ʦͦӢΰʣȻģȴůġ
ҳ沼ʦ֡
ʦߵǰסҵֱۣԴǵʵ¶㻹ðɡ
¶ʦΪȡ֣ǰɽҾûǰ֡
ҵͷ˵ãʦֵˡ
ʦҡҡͷ˵֮ǸֻҪû¾ͺá˵ɡ
á
Ҹʦһ·ķ䣬˷ʦֽŹ
ʦǰˣҲкֱ˸ȥĴ˵ʦ֣ԭҵôʵѽһʮ꣬ܲ͸ģʱղ֪ԭ⽫ϵүʧʧ
ʦػǸ˵ԸʦҲҪ֮ˣҲڣʦҶͬ죬Ҳ˼Բôꡣ
֣ʦΪʲôҪʦأѹʦÿм²ɽϣԭǻؼ̽ĸˡɽϵʱһֱ书ȥˣҲû⡣˵ʦΣҿҵʦֶѡصļw w w.27t x t.c o m (ȥС˵)ṩÿС˵Ŷ
һص޷֪Ҳ٣ֻʦڳ͢ҪСĲǡ
ţʦֵ˵ͷʵ¶ʶ㣿
ҵ˵ͷ˵ǰЩӣڱ߽˷ˣйһ֮ԵҶ˶ٺʵ칦統ǲʻҪˣ
ʦҵʻȻȻ΢ص˵ͷ˵úܽԻĶԻúҪʲôʹͣʱ裬ָָ㣬ϲû𣬶ȫ߷ԸһЩ飬û뵽Ϊ˲͸Ȼ˵ӡ
Ϊҵ֮У˭ԱأֻDΪδЩ֣ҺԵʦеĨ˸нʵ֮ʲôڲɣ
ʦֺܿ͵ȵʱ⣬ķغܴ󣬶ƿŹ֮һıȨһֱᷴԳô˴λὫ˾ΪʣϾͿԴĽˡ
书֮ϣDסô
ʦ˵ʤ߲ʮˣʮ֮һˡ
عؿҪȥʵס
ҵ˵ͷŶ
ԵɣDֻǲϵôҪǿ뼯ȨѣΪͻһŮӵһ˲ҶˣôŮֻأ
ˣ¶Ϊλ·裿ʦͻȻʵ
ҿ˿ʦֵĿкܶӿһᡣһĵ񣬴ǷƵΨҵ⡣
ʦûѹɣôҴûи߹ʦһ衣
żȻʶ·õϰȻ̸Ǿ·סһӣǷҪգյһ˸պˣûа취ֻ֮Ҷˡ
⻰ȴҲ٣ұΪϰмҹ統ˣŶλá
ʦ˳˵¶㲻ƭˣôʱ̨ʱһΪԼ˻þʮҺ裬һĻ궯ǵ衣˾֪赸Ѿһˡ͵ǧ֮ôϲö֪ҡ
ĻҵıͷһᣬҲװûˡ
ʵĺοʵλĺҪĳЩ̶еλòȰĽͣǿΪġ
ֻǣָǰ顣
ҵǶĲ̣ȻܸŵҪ쵶ն飬Ȼ˵㣬ܱǶ۵Ӹǿ





ʮ  ׷

ҿʦԴƽ˵ʦ֣СҾֻ㵱ҵĸ磬δй룬ǰˣҲˡʦãôԺǰ׺̸ֻ֮飬㲻Ը⣬ôǴӽʼģ
ʦҵĻЦһ,ʢȻ
˵Ļ׾پ͹ҵαװ˵¶˵һЩĻһôѹҲǲܵģοƲԼġԭңҲˡ
ʦЩĻѳ־䣺ʦ֣ҡ
ʦ΢΢Ƶĵͷ
֪ʲôҲûĽһĻᰮ
ʲôأ˶ңûԹԵǿޱȵػȥݲ᲻¸Ҳϻ۵ҡ
ദʮ꣬Ϊ¼ŵʮ꣬Ϊ飬ҵŲںڰ޹⣬ߵ·ǣ
Һεºܣң
ҵۿȳڹûС
ʦֿ˿ңҵļЦ˵ˣ¶̸ЩˣʦӦҪҰɡ
һʵʦ֣Dһǻģ
ǰǻģʮж
Dʮ꣬ʮ꣬ǱҴ꣬ôӦͬʱԽˣҲ˵ֻDϡôDôأ
ʦ֣֪ͥʼҵһЩôȽһ£ʮǰûзʲô£
˻⣿ʦЩҵ˼
ҿʦЩɻ飬˼ʮǰʦѾԷɽˣЩǣһ˸ͷ𣺡ȻʺϲDô
˵ϴСʹԺ൱ܼ̫쳣
һʮװĺϣɵôǣЩ԰ĽԸһİĻǲɽ¶ˮģһʧˣѵڴԽĹͷײ˵Щ̫ܣҵͷûײôײأ
Ӧ
Ѱһʵ̫ڲڹУȥأ
̫ȥ̫ȥˣٹһʱͻع
̫ΪΣ
ܾǰһЩϹ˵ʱЩݣܶ궼ˡ̫ҼΣΪ˻ǱȽ׺ġ
̫ʱЩݣֲݣʲôԭʹıأDʧйϵô
̫ʲôʱĸıأ
ҾͲǺˣ¶Ҫ֪ʦֿ԰ȥ顣
ˬ˵ðʦʱǧǵСģҪ֪ˡ
ԤУ̫ĸıDʧкܴĹϵĺӻܸĸӵͣԴֻܴңʦְҲòˡ
ʦЦʦ֪
Ҹʵȵôôͼݱˣ
˵ǵõĲյġ
ΪΣ
Ĵ˵ȵ۵ܳһӣ˳楣Թ޹ʧˣϴӴ˾͵Ĳ
⻰ʱ°;ȻѾʵΣգԽġһ벻ȵۻǸ֡
ԹգЦȵ۳գҲЦҳôҲٸʵ׵ѰDʧԭô
뵽Ҵ̾һ
ʦּ̾ĵʵ¶ڹпǹò̹
ûУʹңǲ̹ˣҲҲת۾ͿԳô
ʦҴЦǣ¶书ʦֵŵù
ʦ书ʦ֣ǳȥȻȻ⼸ڹﻵˣΪ˲ϰԭҲûкúϰ˷֣ʱɾʹˡ
ʦˬĵͷӦˡ
Ҷ˳˷䣬ʦԺĿյرȻʦֻǸһңȴһֱͱˣʦʹ汾Ҵ򣬿ϵҴûȤˣʽ˵ˡ
¶ǹʦûþȫ
ҹ㣬ͻʹȫҴô
ʦҡҡͷ˵ᡣ
ʦ֣ǸľԴֲˣӮҲ֪㰡ǳһƬĵķϣҲƽˡ
ʦһЩ飬ҳ˳ɫʱˣʹǱʦ֣ʮպҪЦŴӦˡʦֻڹһСģģҴϲ˽
һ·ɱ˻ʹӹ԰ֱڷԽ˾Ĺţȥҵ׼ʱȻӾС԰һЩ
ұǰȥ̽Ǽϴβ̽ɷ°ȥĽѵһǾ²ؼ߸߹
˴ҷܣһ޵





ʮ  ˿

ҽ޵󣬾;ԭأֻӱһˣ˲Ǳ㣡޳ָߵڲյϣյǰ㣬ü΢еķдŹƻ
ҸղݶʱͻС԰ʱŪģԲûȥ̽û뵽ȴܽˡ
˲ƶôٶ֮죡ңȻʱ裬˼ŵƷء
λְҵ޵ˣ
㿴ҳԾ¶Ǹ־ԵȻ˵÷ϵĲ޵Ϣ߱ҪϾô
ڵΪϾô
豭ҶľˮǴҹģϾһ˵
ȫ͵
øЩֱʵ
㴽΢ôδѵ㲻ô
︹̵㣬㶼ȴûбֳǶó鴤˰ٵ˵ڻʹУбٻעЩ
ΪΣΪDôȻһҵԣ϶еζķ˿ĶڷƮ衣
˴ҿƶĲٶȷʵ൱ˣٶν˫
ΪӣѵҲӦôҲ֪ղǻǺ⣬ֻ
ʹ֪㣬ҲĸԸô
ͷ˿㣬ôû¾˵˰̣ôܹҵ⣬ôˣDƣԣӵұٯٯҶ켵ʵ÷ˣȴƫƫãʹûߣ޷ľ˭˵
ҵı̽뼱Σֱװɵ˵˵ʲô
㲢δΪҵװɵֹͣʣҿһʵ뷽跨ʹϧԼΪ輧ΪľҪDô
һص治֪˵ʲô
һץסҵֱۣҲ˲ãʵûDҪ㣬ûзΪΣ
ұͷصûΣѾˣûˡ
ҵͷҵڿײһ£ѸʧôҵۻˣʵΪΣΪͥĻʵô
ƫͷ֣ĿƣԱһվ˰ȫشȰ㣬زʶοͱˣ˺£Ҫθɣ
δʶôDأִӺʱʶģΪֻȴͲʶ㡣ΪΣ
㵱ᣬΪʲôһ۾ܿҵ£ΪصúܺõĸΪ׾ʶƣܿôDӦҲܿˣֻ룿϶ֻһĽڶŮеһ˰ɡżȻһƳþӽҪһİɣ
ֱ˿̣ҲʶĽ֮ľ뾿жԶľ޷ΪͲںҵİͲмҵİĳǶôԣΪȴ˰㵱û
һ֣һѷļ⵶ʹĵطȥĩˣҪ˿һΣֱ˿øʴ
㣬ˣ㲻Ҫ˵ˣҶ˶ָŵſ˵ߣʧҵǰ
ϹԹȥǰҿĨ˺˪ֹ𽥵ֵĻ۶İǡ
סҵ˫˵ʲôɱ˫ۣѵ㿴ôDϲģǸ˴Ѫϲκ˵ģֻڷ곡Ϸѡ
ſңҲҪ˵ЩϿߣݹҶ㶯ˣ
ҡң˵ҲߣңΪʲôԣȴԣ
ҲĿ㣬ӿķǰ⣬ôϲأΪϷŪô
㣬ôŮˣһ࣬һ٣οࣿſҰɡ
Ůкܶ࣬ȴֻһ㡣
ԣ΢ͷܵ˪ѩϴ񣬰ɫصĻѩѹ˵̹ǡ
ֻһңֻһңֻͬһĽһѣҲûжˡ
ƿ㣬Ȼһӻڵسѹ˺öˮ޼ɵк˳ҽͷϥǣһֱͣˮεδĵϣȴΨҵĿ
ҵѾ޷ҵǰǧɽӣǳصѾˡ
Ȼļʵĳ״Զˡ
һֱ˺þúþãõҾ߶Ҫǰס
ҵͷһֱû̧ȴ֪û뿪Ϊܸо㡣
ܱҵĶŵˣһֱûٿ˵
޵ˣ̧ͷ۾Щˣޱȣҵ۾ӦòѪ˿˰ɣ۾ΧͱӦǺİɡ
͸ʵߣҷǰһɫ˿ݸҵģҺؽӹ˿ϲ
ҳǸô
ôδй˵š
ҡҡͷڿҵºҴһܽĵǸô
Ҫ
Ѹת˵Ҫ˯ˣ߰ɡ˵ӵ
÷ӳ羣ǡ
Ų˳۾ͱҡ
ʼ磬ĵдȻѸٵĸԼ˸̨ףû˵֮նҪע⣬ʲôҪҰæĻңס
˵꣬һ޵ķҷ֮ʧ
ſնűߣ˲Ȼ
ΪҲҪִԲأ
ұе޳
ΪεҪôһأ





ʮ  

ƽĺرǷϣ޹ԺƵ泩࣬ȻﻹᣬȴҪȴǰһЩ
DƺѾˣⲻҪĽôΪĵԼʧһ漣ô
ʦԼʮ֮ںܿҪˣҲεõϢһЩüĿҳһЩԵɣҲһһ
պҲûңʵҲһˣڵ൱Ǳڻʹ֮УӦҲưɡ֪Dһδ㣬ôֻ֮ʲôҿɲΪһԴеˡ
˼ˣҵĶ䡣
⼸Źûɧң¥ʱ̽ҵƣǶҸԻؾˣӦò̫ɡ治ҶΪҲҪѡ
ԣҵνſȸ䵭ޱȡ޵ҲȥʱȰҳȥߣҲȥֻǳȥһЩʲôģ밲һܰĴˣôЩļʹ˺ܶģҲϲɽɽˮˮˡ˷ܸɶ
⾰СС԰ʯʯҲһ¡ҵ޵ڶ࣬ӣã񻨴֮һԲľʵοչšںϲǰŴⷢ
תͷЦ˼ʹԴڸת״̬մ֢
Ǻǣ氮˵Цòӻأؾأ
ԤΪΪмǰ
˵ʲôֻЦ˵ūĻˡ
ģ˵Ҫδѣʹϵʱɵӡ
ϻ۹ɵأ
бһۻ䣬Ѿͷɶʱ򿴳Һܴϻˣƨĵˡ
ʱҿʲô£Ϊ֮ǰԸСӣû¾ͲҪˣǸø
ջҪȥʳĻʼ԰԰μӣҲ֮ء
԰Щʲôأ
ʱڣٻ뿪ŭţ궼ȥʼ԰ͻš
ﲻǸ˱ȻôҪȥʲôֱ˲ĿȫǶ̬Ļ
̧̧üʵȥʲô
ҵĻȻԾС۾΢ɣòôԼŻϣѵȥô
ȥ˲ҲֻܿһƬ½ôʲôأ
ɵӶ뵽ٻʢ磬ʵȺΣһӵŮˣӰҲûƬ֮УܿҲֻܿһӰôһ⾰жԻءеȫȫһ˵ġ
ūʱĸ㲻ͰĽŻϣΪȴȥȡأ
ҵŮұ֪ǰĽDģͲ˼룬ÿҶȥD˭ӡǣᵱ˵ʱҵεļ尾ҵΪõԼ˿ڣȴǲòΪ֮¡
ʹ£֪˻Լѹȴòȥ
̾˿˵ȡܵõôľˡ
ǵģΪλϾͿأ
ЦЦûֻǽŲ˴⡣
ʱСӽˣ˰˵ǰܹ
ȫΪʱңѵΪٻʢôҷԸɡ
ǡС˳ȥ
һȫˣȫ÷밲
վߵȫԱ˵𡣡ȫDߵˣ䲻˽ΪˣȴҲܵ
л
ҿ˵лν£
ūϵĿͣȥ԰ͻزμӡ
΢Ц˵õģͷһˡ
ɷūˣūȸˡ
ߡ
ȫӰ˳ҵ޵ҿŵӰ̾վӲѣDҪʲôҿɲΪʵȥͻôŮһһܻһ󴮲֮ײһЩ𻨣ѵ뿴ЩŮΪԴôҿԼλҪ֪Լ֮֮ô
ģգұ֪





ʮ  

ʼҵ԰ֹȻɷǷҸղ԰ʱͱ԰Ĵữˣ԰ҺɫĶž飬֦չ欲࣬ڻӭ԰ǣž黨ӭƳɵĻ飬ڳҫ¸ʻȥһ·ɼɫɽ軨ۺɫһ֣ɫĺ԰ֲĵ׹͵ĺĻɫԺɫΪ÷·ر㣬˾ϵĳ嶯
źDʹĴСǳǰ·󣬺ƺƵس˻ʳǣֱ԰ֶ
·Ҷ
ҾͿԶһƬƵӰΧվŸʽŮˣٻ֮ǽĵһ䡣ǵװ֪ǾĴģ涷ޣ޲ԼõһչʾDǰ
ȻҲ⣬ϻΪױ֮ʱҪδ磬ҸҾ硣£þ沨ҪǴ̫ˣǾ̫ڲͬˣ֮о̫ˣ˵ע⡣
DʹܶŮ˴ӵţһһ۾ܿΪͺܸߣټ֮մ·쳣ҫۣԣ벻ѡҲ֪ǲǹġ
֪֪治֪ģǰô֪ôϲŮΧأ
һֱȺ棬ҵԱߣʱһڹࣺʲô
ÿ˵⻰ʱҶ̧ۿȻҾͻᷢȷʵЩ԰ΪǵĵٻʮĶ̼ҴĿһ£԰һˣгDȫǰȫŮˡ
ЩŮгʺŹ¥ỹŹʵ߹ҶʶЩÿִŮһ
һ·ϣݺϣżŮ˵ĽЦ֬ˮ۵ŻһֱƮڿоþδɢȥ
ŬĿԼԼҪȥҪȥ룬ǹܲסԼ۾Ҫȥ׷һĨƣÿ׽ĲıӰЦĲ
ů΢ЦȴΪҡ
ĽЦݡǵøϴһǻҵһԶţǺܻչԼѵʱͲˡʱĽҴᱳУҽԺһֱػңÿʱܿЦݡůЩʲôҵѶǳĽң˵ҵǴŵҲĺˣһҪ˩ߣˣվû˩ס
ҵ˼Ʈǧ֮⣬Ըûڻңֻ֮ңСҶ˵ڸ밲ء
ʱŷӦһȫңͷƤȻЩ΢΢飬˲䷢˺ܶʺţDҪҳȫǸЦ治˼ղˡ
ȫͷ˵ū˵̫Сˡүūȥүǰءɡ˵깪Ϊָ·
ΪޣΪ⣬еþܾôҳȫָĵ·ǰȥȴȫסȥ·ȫ˵үֻǰȥûа취ֻԭء
һ·ϣȫΪȺĻҸǰˡʤߣһûDǰͺпܻᱻ˲
ȫңյDԡȫͷD˻ҲͷվȫԱߡ
DšһȫһˣʱDȻǣסҵ֣ҵ̽ˣ˵羶ôܵôȥˣ޻Ϊû԰ء
羶DΪңʲôʱܵĳƺˣĽһ㶼ҵӢTitiȴδйңһңһ¶òþ
̧ͷDҷڶ΢Цüë촽𣬿΢ЦҿȴʮֵΣգΪƵ˷˼⴦չǾָͥ˰ɡ
ʱҸоҵΧˣ۵һɱңΧЩŮ˶뽫ٲԨɡ
DǼмӹôҪЩ
DҾδ˵һҵ֣˾͵ĻУܳʱ˷ҵĶϣϵĸɾϢƴǻ﷢ģ˵羶˵ڹ޸ղô
޷粻ˣDñøЩɣǽųԶûô
ĺƽȣȫûа㼤ļǸϷĺ֡һɣĽıԣǰһֱɱҡ
ҲƿҲٲ˵ֻ˵檲ҡ
ǺǣǾͺãȻҪ˼ˡD˵꽫ĻУȻǣҳǰȥ
ߵ̩Ȼȴģʲôֻ˼ѵ˵ǰ˼ô⻰˵˭ģ





ʮ  ˮ

ʱDһֱǣĴͣĺһҲĽƣů
Ȼ֮䣬ðһͷDӦúܹ¶İɣȣλߴʤ֮λȣκˣԼΣװ̫ʱûеĶЩ⣬˽ɣʧ˼ֻ룿
Ψһһˣȴǵˡ
ţҵۿȻʪʱDͻȻת˿ңۿ˸ŵỨʱЩԾܿ㱻ĨȥˣҶ˵޵ôίôǣһУ
⻰ʱҸղŵ뷨ˣ¶ˣҿ࣬Ȼڡôһ˵ұܵľ뽫ֳģȴץšקȴĹҵ֡
̶ҵֺҶ˵Ҫͼս޵Ȩ
׼úݻһʱ˭֪ȴȻɵҵ֣һ˳ǰﳤȥҵĻʹ˿˺Ӳûܳ
Dȫһ粻ϲŭѱ棬׽͸ķӡ
ҿнԶӰܵΧ֮ȥӷŵԭأ౼ȥǣþûлعҵͷǵƶסҵߡ
Ǻ֮֮ȥķô
ԺӶĻҲ֪Լܶá
һ䵽Ⱥ棬ܿҵҡҴ˼ŲӸǵĺ档
԰ռعнְ˾֮һģɽΪ԰֮һȻĺˮӻأ峺ףԳ֮Ϊˮ֮Ϊ񡣺һµ񣬲ԴУӰںϣγһīɽˮɽԵ
ߵĴչƮҷӯϸϸ
һֱݺõĺšѾȫ޿羰ˣֻĴš
ͻȻ䣬ҾһϢҿһԱߣȴͨһ졣
ѭˮһˣ˲Ǳȴǻ䡣
ôˮˣ
ˮţ󺰾ˮһһ¡ĶȻʶˮԡ
붼ûһԾ˺Уˮʱߵ䣬ڰ߽ԾԶĵطˮתӾεߡ
ҼĴˮ棬ҵǰˣȻȥ
ͷûˮУܺ˲ٵĺˮҽˮȦסӣĴ˿ˮ̰ϰĵطȥ
кܶ࿴ֵˣǱ죬еڳеھ̾еڿе̾Ϣǣ֮ȴûһԮǡ
ʱҿԶƬƵӰʱң鸴Ӷ䣬˶ʲôô
ҿһ֮Ū˰ֵ㻹ЩģΪóһʱѾʹȥˣҽƽڵϣֽؿڴѹ˺ü£һˮ˹
Ժֱҿޣ˵лллл
˵ˣǻعȥɡ
֪ĸʵˣң˭֪ȴÿˣ侹Ȼͳǣ֮ˡ㣬԰Ҳա
ͷ
үū֪԰б𹬣뻪ڴ˸£ػعˣūȫԱʱ
һ⻰һܵ˵ʲô
Dῴ书˰ɣȻΪβһع̽ô
ūȫٴظ
ˣˮڣʱ˵ɣȻ·ҪȻ΢ĴոðͲ̫ˡ
ҷȫһ·ȥ
ǻ·ʱȫȺţҺ˵ү԰еķţūΪ·
ҵͷƺáȫǰд·ȥ뻪
÷ȫΪָλλDֻλӡͥĺȼʺ֮й֮ӣǾɡҵķҵλ֮Dлȱҵλ£һ
еҳ֮ʱ̸ֹͣǷ׷ңDҲϿңûʲô顣
Ŀ֮£ȻԵõߵҵλϣȻȻȥǵ۾һֱ۽ҵϣһֱҵӰֱ
ΪСݵԵʣҴ˶࣬ԽңԽ¡żмӳҲΪĽۿ
˷ſ㣬ֿʼǰĻˡղŵĳûзһ





ʮ  ̽

Ǵһܸʲô黭⻹ôʵ֤ûеġ
ʱҿģǶչʾԼĲգеʫԣеĵٳ裬Ȼе˶ûгȥ裬ΪҶ֪ǿưģôǰŪأ
ҿ϶ǲȥģΪҲԸôŮǰ裬ǿȫΪ˻Dĳ谮Ϊ衣Ҳɵҳȥ裬ΪһҲDǰ衣
ǣDԸԳأ
羶Ϊһô
D⻰ʱҾԼĻ׳ˣôõĻôŹأ
ҵüǳЦд˴ء˵꣬վȥ˳롣
ε¶ģеӶǳԲͰһ࣬ӵǰһյأչʾա
ҷѾˣȸ¶ҵ书ӣΪ֮ѡ
ҰںԺ￪ʼ߳һĿ¹µķβ
«˿гһ«˿ҾͻԼҰ䣬ҡoo﹡ۣżй죬ϪˮԶ
ҺѾҪĿȸ衣۾˲ͣƶʱͷȸʱͷǳʳʱͷȻĺ
赽˵ʱ̣ҵĶоһҷеƬҲ㿪ĻƬҵؿڣҶ㿪ĻDͻʶҡ
ѡ˳ţ衣
ԣǿƬƫûҵؿڣ벻Զ

ҳʹľ֮סؿȻءڳ˶ΪҵĶڶʱڳ
ΪҴǳɫ·ѪܿȾ˳ȾһƬλмλɿеѪѪд̿ͣݣݡ
еѪֺ󶼿ʼһʱɳ
ǰϡ
һ̱ڳ룬ѾϾ˼Щڵˣʲôýеģд̿ͣǴ̿;D벻D书˳뻯һССĴƬ˾ұΪǿ֮ĩҲжۣ˭֪ȴȴǶҪƫһܱȥĻ̫ˡΪһô֪ҪҵҲԹ޻ڵġ
޺ܵҵߡ
ҵĳȻûԼܵ±˲ôҾôôֵԴ
ܵߣһӹ˵ϣ޵ˣ
سЦЦ˵ʱˡ
һȥˡװΣΪΣôҾͰװһʹˣǺȴιȥˡΪװκһֱͣҡңΪͷЩټȷʵʹޱȣҡеιȥˡ
֮䣬ŵһϤζһƬڰ
֪˶ãҾúöҵ⣬ʹʹΪʲôҪҵ⣬ҵֲ㣬ûʲôġ
ҳֹҪóԡ
Ҹ˵һƬڰ֮С
ڰ֮УкüΣҶһҪȥҲ֪ǹҪȥУҵֺһšڻĹһҲ֪ǶʲôΪ̫ˣһץסǸǹҲҡ
ֱҪңҪ
һֱקǸþöûз¡
ٴʱҷҵ˿ѾôʹˣҲ̫ԼƣֳԼ壬ȴǣҵ˿ڣҳʹĽһ
䱾ſһ˯ˣʱ̧ͷ쳣£˵ˣˡūˡ
䣬ô˯˺ܾƵģŤŤӣΪЩʹ
ҹ
ôôͷʵҾҵĲӿˣΪתͷʱ쳣ѡ
˵˿ںûʹɣ
˵ûˣûˣˡ
šͷ絷⡣
ˣһ£
ʺūŻˣһֱͣҡȴһ㷴ӦûС
ҵǲɵس鴤һ£︹̵ҡҲΣðɣ
˵ʱе˶ʧ룬ū׼ʱȴͻȻū澵ǰδ˵ͷˣߺе˶ɢˣҲ첽صСū澻صʱ˿ѾˣСڸǰźšС˭˿ڵģС˵ǻϡ˵ʱ޵ʰͻȻ˽бŻѪСŻˣȥùճõҩСԺϾͽ⡣С˵Ϲ˺þòŴӵڳʱϵѪϷԸ˵ԺĻҩūɡū澾һֱǰֱڡ
ḧǰ˿ڣ˵Ļҵ˿DˣΪҴ˿ǾͱвһĲֵȻΪҪأ
Уҵ˿ǰǿҵӣҽΪһҩ±˿ҵô
˦˦ͷҵں˼Щʲô
ȴΪ˦ͷǣ˿ڣֳʹĽһ
ŵøϽʵˣ۰ɣҪϢһ
ҵͷ˽ˣȷʵҪȻ²Ͳˡ
ڵĵǣʦֵʮ֮ڿҪƳˣڹһε˶ûУҲ޷һţʦҪΪҵˡ
ֻԺٸǸˡ





ʮ  

֪ΪΣ⼸һֱûңŹʵ߹ǣ¥Ҳûҵ޵ѵDּôDҲûңһ仰ûȫ
ڴϣɾҲŽǣʱʱĻȦʱᵽС԰һߡ
ҹһֱȥ˯ţΪǰ˿ڳ⣬ûţָоǧֻƵģܵý
ʵ˯ţɴ෭һ˴³ȥ
£ɴƯһ˿ɫıȴȻ¹͹һɫĹ⣬Ҷͻ䶼һɫĹ⡣
ʱûȷʵǼ⹬Ľ˭ᵯ⼪أ
ԿصĳԴѰȥҵĽŲͣ԰һǡ
̧ͷ˿ǸŵӰΪŹ⣬ҿı飬ļį˿дա
У԰Ը
ҸĽĵ߳
ĽᵯģȴΪҵһ仰ȥѧ˼סԸϴѧʱϲһ׼ĸŮģ׸ݼݼУ԰ѧУɵϣͬѧҲຣϲЦϼޱȵľϻӺսʳȴŴ򷹵ĳӵŮ
ĽȻǵӣ˼˵ҹĿô
һϣĨؾʱDԲɣӷƮȻΪҪߣ
һûüػʱȻƮǰı۰Ȧҵһҷ˷ԱߡҷŶֽС
ھܽԵʣҷֽҹֻһܼ򵥵·κζûУͷҲûֻһ˿ϵī˿кļϡĴҾһЩôңԶ
¹⽫ӳޱȣҿĿϵı顣
ְסңֿʼᲦ޳ָͣı任Ŷϸ˳ǻʱòǿż¶ѵġ
ߵߺ߳ˮǳһ˵بŲصȺ򣻳ɳһҶţͯһȺװˣһ·̣׺ɣӵУЩҰˣЩŵķ磻ЩԶһһ飻ЩҵˣЩ᣻ЩԶһһ飻Ƕйһ˵ңԶһһһꣻǷ񻹻ٳԸһһһꣻǷ񻹻ٳԸ
Ա߾ӣǰѧУĽһĽϲģȴΪҵôȥˣ벻ʶǵ˵ɼ׸жӡ
δеļŵһߣһڻζǶ˵ɣеļʵʶô
ҡҡͷ˵ʶ
ȻȻûʲô仯ҵȴͿɬļӡһᡣ
Цһ£˵ҲҲʶʵҲ֪ʲôֻһֱҵԺУиղӣһֱǻԺҲ֮ȥ
Ӻܺ
D˵ͷ˵š
˵Ժ˳Ĭ֮Сұϥ۾ǰDתǰ
һDͻȻתʵûһָо
תͷʵʲôо
תͷգܾȱһƵģôܾԼһЩʲôΪҪĶȴôҲ벻ָоҺܶꡣ
D⻰ҵۿˮ͸ˮӰһ͸ıߣǱ߾һӲĿǣС
ĺг嶯˽ĻиٵǸңҰ
ǣ˵ĻDֻأ᲻裿ˣأ
ԣֻǿѹסĵĳ嶯˵ʱҲУĸоܡ
ԣܣ˶٣תʵ᣿
ҵ˵ͷ
ţһĬ
Ϊʲô㿪DȻʵ
תƻٶʵ̫죬Ҳ˵
һصʲô
D񿴳ĵĻţֱȥҵαװ˵ҵǿƬ
ڿЦôƬôǻأ
ҪһϡDȻ˵
ǽʲô
ʲôãͱлϡ
ŶԭҲܲϲƺôҲߺ͹ô
㻹ûлشҵʻ
һص롣
DͻȻһǯסҵ򦣬˹һһʵʹ˶ȥҲ㿪ô
롪ΪסҵͣҷЩѣҵ´ʻǷǳġ
ɿʵΪΣ
ΪԲ롣
DתֱǸ֮ǰɪһɨգʵĿʲô
ϣÿһ¶һҪĿģʱˡ
ҵĻһֱĬ˺ܾã˵ҹĻҲʲôĿĵĻԴ
˵ݶƮҹ˵һ仰Լ
һôһǴǣĽǰҼֱ͸͸Ƶģҵһһÿһ뷨Ӳ۾
Ȼ书һѱ֪ҵҲûаװڽҹDѾЩĸĹۡ
˭˵һ˰һŮ˵ʱԺַʽǼǷ棬ʼնᰮϵġ
ʧȥ˼DҲٴΰô





ʮ  

ϣһֱûݶݶϣ񷣬Ӱ涵£ﷴ߳סԸһֱڲ࣬ڶ̫ǰĻ䣬ҵˮ˳ܸоˮѻ㼯Ƭڵء
˺ļҶûDΪʲôֲأ
ӣѾ쵽ѮˣҵѾȬӦÿԳȥʦˡ
ʮգһԲ֮ҹϸԲ֮ҹʹ֮Уʱţתۼ͹һˡһ¼Ҿ̫飬ڹŹǰһ⣬̫Ͳɣ仯
ͬһ߻СӺͶԷ˻ʹֱؽС
ϴβһǣβδʹҶֱӷɱʦֵԺӡ
ϿʦԺһ䷿ĵŵģҷ˷ܣǰСĺʦ֣ʦ֡
ʦҵΪҿţһ˷䡣
ʦֹغ÷ţתһʵ¶ǰտǳʲô£
ʦңȻǲ֪﷢飬Ϊ˲ƭЩѡ
ʦһʮ꣬ص֪ÿ¶м᲻Ҳûˡֻ
ֱʵʦ֣²
һЩϹ˵̫ı仯Ǵӻʱʼġ
ȻˣôDʧ϶Ǹ̫йأǾʲôϵأ
̫ʲôǳλ˵
̫ᯣ̫󲢷ǹٻ˼ҵŮӣȵۻүʱһγȥ֮ʱ·ģȵۻ˸
ԭôһ
ϴ˵ǸΪͻȻʧˣ
ҵû鵽ֻ˵ȵ۲ϲ楣楳һŮӶѡǸŮ˭֪
λ󣬾ЩºԴһ𣬵־úûرĹѵµôDʧ̫ϹϵɡԽԽ˷ˡ
ȵжٸӣ
ڵȵ۵Ķӣӣԥӡ
ôû˵ӡ
그˲Щɵ
ҳԾʵŶ£ô£
¶ԭûȵۻδǻ֮ǰ¶ˡ
ӵķ̫йϵôΪʲôȵ۵Ķô٣ĸһɵģΪʲôأ
ȵжɣ
ĿҲǺֻ֪ʺλһƷˣʺϣϣϣ¥Ϻϡ
ȵŵҲٰ⻹ֻǻʺһƷˣӦûɰɡôſǶȴ٣һ⡣
ֽ̫ΪβǷʺ󣿡
Ȼʺ˵ԸڹУֻԸҹغĶӡ
ǿ¸ĸİʺΪβԸڹУ»°ɡ
ʦּ˼Щĵʵ¶ΪҪЩ£
ʦ֣ڻûŪʼĩһжֻҵĲ²ѣҲ֪Լµö벻ԣԲ֪Ӻ˵𡣲ʦģһСĽġ
ʦֵͷ׷ʣֻ˵á
ʦ֣ʦɺã˶ӣҲû취ʦдţûһǺġ
ʦܺãǰ˵Һúչ㣬Ҫʧˡ
ʦûн빬һ¸ʦɣ
ȻûУֻ˵һھǣȻᵣĵġ
ʦ֣ллˡ
ҵĽһʱܻȥ̽ʦҲ֪ټǺ£Ҷʦ˵ʦ֣Ҹʦһ⣬תȥɡ
õġ
ʦֽīҸʦдһţҽܺãõģúñ壬ҹʱٻɽ
дźʹǱʦ֣ʹȥ
ҽȻ·ؾֻ·԰ʱͷһ£ȴڵͷ֮ʷһĺӰӰӦǸŮӡ
ºͷ˷Ϣĺ档
Ҹĺһֱ԰ȥ԰һţҸųȥˣȥԺһмСţ˵ڶҲŽȥˣȥԺҲŷһѾĹԫϱڣ֩ҳܲȻѾѾˣǺδôôһط
һƫұߵƫҲƫǽƫԺҾûٷӰˡִĴѰ֮ʱȴһŮ˵DϽ
DʺʱһĴһ£ԶһЩöѷŵľ壬ӦùҲһԽľѸס˺ı仯





ڶʮ  

ľһ˿϶ҿԿľҿһɫװŮ˽˵ڣͷһɫĵͲʮͷʢDΪDĪһֱδع̫⹬˭DʲôʱصĹ
һɫƽ۵ӣDʱһŮӣŮӴͨʵصϣӦòǹˣŮֽŶţʹȥˡ
DŮ˵ϣײ淢ˡ񡱵һ죬ҵĸ©һģƤҲDôŮӵû书ǻᱻˤİɡ
ĸҲˡD͵͵ؿ˵
̫⻰ȻǳԾʵDôͻȻ˵Ļ
˵⻰ܾˣֻһֱѹû˵ѡ
ĸ֪Ŀ࣬㲻ܲ
˵ʲôʲôҵýţܾ˵ǲõ¡
DͻȻӴ˵ܹˣ˻ҸͲˣˡ
DĪҪĸĻԹԵĽѪȵôЩ㲻һֱôΪνȴͻȻ˵أ
ҸղʲôѪҵĶûгɣD˵Լˣ̫˵ҪѪ˵ЩһֱģôDʲôѪô
ʲô£ΪλѪ
ҼҧסԼ´ظоҵѾҧҵ촽
DŻ˵ûʲôͻȻˡ
̫󾯾ʵDĸڹʱ便ʲô£
ﻹܷʲô£ÿղһĹô
̫󼤶ץסDֱۣʵD㲻ô뱻ħô
㱻ħҲٿѪΪˡ
ħɣ˻⣿ΪDѪҪħɣѵѪôΪʲôҪѪ
Dĸ˵ÿҲһζѣģ㲻Ҫ˼롣
ÿһΣʮѾжٸˣѪֲ㣬᣿
D˭뷨ĸ󡣡
û˭֮ˡD˵׼ͷ߳
̫ߣֱԾǰ浲סȥ·ҳԾ̫ķԾֱ磬ٶȱ㶼Ҫ죬̫书ȻĪ⵽˹زкܶ಻Ϊ֪Ĺ¡
DΪſʼƶȴʼûܳǵȥΪÿƶһ̫ܵסȥ·
˭ֻ̫һҼͣסƶĲ˹
װĺҵŵꡣô죿òǷ˰ɡǼţأǳȥ̹״ӿ̫ô׶ӣȥ϶ɡ
һ˼ҪҪȥʱ̫ŵñ˫ۣȴĵ֮ȴԭ˿δ
⿴ʱֶһŮӣŮӾǷҸ֮ˡ
ôﻹһأ
ʱDʲô̼Ƶģһ˵ҸٵŮӵϣһҧȥȻʼҵš
ҿʳӣһֶʳ̰ĸоѪҺĸоҲŵҡҵͷDĻѪΪô
ҿŮӵɫɺֱҰסӻΪʹ΢΢һˣȻš
̫һֱվԱۿһСո顣̫˳ޣҲʳӣȴΪλԼĺӣǸô
DʳһѪߵѪպͷ̫˵ˣ
̫˲䰵ɵʵDڹĸô
ŪƤûżѪôҾͲˡ
ȣء
㵱ΪҪD΢ŭ
Ҫ㣬ûа취̫ҡͷ˵һ˲䷢ݹ⣬ƿǸˣֺࣿ
˵ʲôΪʲôȺأʲô̫еǸ˭
Dͷ˵ˣҲˡĸлعɡ
̫۹һʵD㻹Ҫ
ĸֻһ˾һѡ
̫ͷðɣҹˣǵЩȥޣջҪ糯
D˵ͷص֪
̫̱Ķһһ˵š
Dһֱԭصͷ˼飬ûһ㷴ӦľҲҳDʱŻ뿪ҪʲôʱľĿռǳСһʱԣҪٴһұ׼¶İ
֪˶ãDվĿԶΪҪˣӦû˰ɡ
DȴͳԵɤĵ˵ɡ
ʱͷƤ˲䷢飬Ӧòڸ˵ɣô֪أӦʹթɣԶȥҲŲĵ
ԣҳĻľ

дôѹֵʵЩԲסĵ
ݱǵ۾
ǶҰ
Ȼĵ˲
Ҳ
ˮԼƵ
Ҫд
Ϊǿˮĵһƪģҷǳϧ᲻ö
Ϊ˿ˮִ
ԴҾ̰
ˮдĻǴдЦ
ôҲҪô
ЦȽϷϰ˼·Ǻ
ˮæȹ⼸쿪ˮ;





ڶʮһ  ǹ

񡪡һǰľȫ屻թˡֻľмĴըľǽϷ˫һֱǰ
񵴹ҵӰȫȫı¶Dǰһ˲Ρ
DһҵԣѸٿסҵĲӣ֮ɳһûֻгȫ޽ҾҴʱӦñɫˣĻɥְɣ֪ôܣҼϣ
ֱҲ֪ԭʮȹģĸжࣿ
ϣҲûʲôźˣֻԺһ·ˡ
һı۾ȴĵΧţ
ǣأȴоҲϵȴûȫſǯƣ۾D
ɫͫʱӳҵӰӣ峺дʹ˵Ұڵȴű˵ľꡣ
ҿϤζҵϣϢȣɢϵÿһëסҵ˲ˣҪô
͵ĴҪҵĴʱͷȴȻҷ΢ĴҵĲҽסջһ£ȫһƬ
ǣоûȫʱҵĲʹĸоѪ֮ʹ
ʹúһ
ҸоѪӿţҪҵѪô
ҵǰŵճȭͷǰȴɳҽֱ̧ۻסҵִʵıϣҲһЩֱ
ҵʹDӱýӲȻֹͣѪĶһѽƿ̧ͷֽǴѪĴҵĴ
ĴˮѪζſǻշת࣬ζдſɬ
ҼŻӦֱסͷ໥ײϸ΢졣ǵͷԷȣžȻ
ͻȻ䣬DѰͣס˶ңϧؽƿҵײǽڣˡԡһδˣǽϴڵĴŴ
Dƽǰ˫ֳǽϣȦСĿռڣϢΧңʵôΪҵôʹһѪ
ӢͦĽü˿΢ţкöӿҾȻҵһ˿˿ĲģΪҶ¶ôһ˿ȴǷ׷ҵʹɱҵİɣȴ²ȥ֡
ֵһЩǳأ
ʲôڿô
ҡҡͷ˵ûС
㻹ûлشҵĻ
˵롣
µѲԼ⣬ҪҵİǳҪʱǶô࣬ʮ˹ƧԸ
D˵ʱסˣʣһŭʵŮ˾ǴðģΪҪһֱͣҵ˼ΪҪһֱƽ޲ΪΣ
԰ΪΣΪҪǧѰǧʱ⣬ңԶ
ҧסͷ΢бſˮתҶʮĻҪ˵ɻᶮɻᶮĪİˣڻΪʲôҪǰ
ֻ˵
ǯסҵ˫ҡţʵ˵ΪΣΪΣ
ΪҡΣۿ۵ˮڶ˳ҵȥһDϡ
оˮ¶Ⱥֽ̧ˮ˦ҺʧҵǰԶҪٳ֡
ҵͷʵ˵ãҹھ͹ԶҲĵط
˵һѽƿȥ
ҿҪʱһ˫ı۰˻ȥҵһЩ΢Ļ
һסҵͷϣ͵͵ͷϷ˹ҪߣҪߡ
ʵ㲻Ҫҹô
ҵлĻήĲݣҵƮ㡣
Һ˵ģû˵Dҵת˹ȥ泯һνȦУ૵ߣҺùµüį㲻Ҫߣô
г˿տڵȴգ·һѺڰնġ
鹥£վǺݲĺǡ
е˵ͷ
ҵͷǾͺãǾͺá
Dһֱңܾúܾá
ȴľĬĻˮˮɬȥ
ǰѾҵˮʪһƬᡣ
ҵĺƽ֮ʱDĻҵĲӣѪѸɺԣֻʣһЩѪˣʵô
ҡҡͷ˵ˡ
˵ͷ˵߰ɣعһȫûп
šҵ˵ͷ
һ·޻ص˾ѹرգDҷݶ׼ȷҵȻݶҷſںֱ˱ң˵糯㣬ɺã
á
ţҹˣ˯ɡ
š
D˵󣬷ȥˡ
ȥӰֱӰʧҲ˿Ȼ˳
ڵοDӦб㺣֮ȴԶԶûеô򵥡
Ȳ̸ب֮ЩŮˣ͵̸ֻDĲأҲΪԿأջ᲻δΪ֪ҲΪΪҶı䣬ָ䣬޿ܡ
ǸŮӾ˭ΪλȥǸȻĹѵл֪DѪô֮лʲôıô
µĵ֮ӦóDѪԭܴӸκ
ֻǲŻδԡ
Ҫһˡ





ڶʮ  ̫

һֱŲϵ˿飬Լҹδߣòʱ˯ȥһ㱻
û˯ã˳ڱԹһ䣺ô
˯ˣū澾ûд̩˵̫عˣһҪȥ̩밲
԰̫ôôˡȻûнòú˵ǿ֪һ֮ˣҲٷЩͼˡ
ҷ˵ãЩΪױɡ
ֽܿΪױˡΪһؾ˿ƽɫװֻڽںͶдЩװΣΪ٣ϵ׺һЩɫ˿񻨣мһʲҡûҲһͷͷպõסҹ˺ۡ
һ·̩ȥ;о̩̩͹̩ʹ
̩ſʱǰ̩̫౨ţ̫ǽ̩
̩žͽ˹ڣ˹Ҳһмɫߣɫĵţ磬ׯ£Ҳһ־ηС
뻪˵ѾһЩˣҿٵɨһ£ûһʶģ˸۵λȥվ󣬵ȴ̫Ĵݡ
һҲ½½ˣŹ¥ᡣΨûпʺΪʲôûĪˣ
Ź˵һ۱Ƽңݺݵһۣ޲ҧϵһ⡣ţʲôʱǵˣı飬ȫû㽫Ų˿ȥ
ڵǶߴߴ˵ͣһʱ
ϼݵ̫ݵһϸ˹
󶼲˵ȫվȻ˵ϣͷ˵̫꣬꣬꣬ǧ꣬ǧ꣬ǧǧꡣ
ҲŹȥ˶ԿΣûгDôҲ̩У糯ô
̫˵ɡ
л̫
Ժϣ۾һֱû뿪档
̫ʵʺأ
ĸĻʺЩʣĸ밲ˡ
̫ЦЦ˵ϻۻʺ󰡡
˻һΧһЩ߷ȻСǻǱҸоˡ
ʹûһ찲ӣ̫˵һ仰Ϳǧˡ֪Źֻ׻ʺˡ
ǺǣĸЦˡD⻰شģȫ̹жôۻʺ󹬽ìͷ׼ʺѽô˵Ǻأ
ˣ˵ǰ·һӣ˭
⻰ΪôתƵˣҽҪɽˡ
ĸ÷D˶ʵ÷ڣ
һˣҪٲ֨һ̫ˣվͷصڴˡ
̧ͷðơ
̧ͷ̫̫մɫڷͼ߹װͷ̽𴩻Ϸ鲽ҡ߹ϸü͸Ż촽󣬺Dĸס
ҵò󣬳˵ǸģѾͷҸǰðϸơ

ƳȺϷȥ۾һֱûDҵͷţԱһӵĽ˳ȫûпδ̧ţȻǰȥҵĽűĽŰסˣһǰˤȥΪԼҪˤʱһӰɱȵؽסҡ
ҳûҵԼϼѨԼ
DҵӺʵ羶û°ɣ
ҡҡͷ˵û£лˡ
D˵ͷصλӡ
ұǿԶģҲ̫ǰ̽书֮ͥҸûа취ѨֻѡˤȻôҷ֮ѸٵԼѨѹû뵽Dңôô
̫ʱ˵Ѿͷ·֪ע㣬ɰѻϼˣߡ
ǰ̫סҵ֣źۼ̽ҵҺߵĽͷ΢΢¡
һ̫Цų˵ǳÿΰи
תD˵ֻǣҪЩ̫ӣⰧ̫˰
Dͷ˵ĸ˵ǣԵ
̫ͷ˵ţǵ±ãˣҲҲҪϳˣҶɢ˰ɡ̫һ˵һ̫Ѩ
D˵󣬾̫ڵȥ
Ҳһ˵
Ŀ̫ڵҲɢȥˡ
ҲȺһɢȥ
Ҹ̩߳ʱͱŹסȥ·ֺ˵ߣ÷ȻֶΣȻ̫ǰϷ
ҲûΪ̬ȶƽ˵֪ǣЩҾͲ˵ˡ
˵ֱ꣬Խȥ
Ź÷ӳ羣վס
ҳţȻǰȥ˭֪Źȴܵǰסҵȥ·ָҵı˵˵ûô﾿û𱰹
׼ִƽŹϴʱDͳҶ





ڶʮ  

Źϵ󣬶ת˵檲μϡ
Dͷ˵˺
ŹʻȻסҵĸ첲üD˵÷ý̳ء
ŶD˿ңѯʣһûлشʱַɿ˵ˣá
DųŹ˵δ㵥˵ˣһΰɡ
ŹŴϲüң˵˵
DҲûٿңֻתжȥŹ첽ĽŲ̫๬ŮҲ糤ζȥ̩ղŻޱȣȴֻʣ뻪Զˡ
ҿȺDʱʱӰʧвͷվлʵЩֲˡһأ
뻪صҾȥϢˣһǰȺҲ֪ڵʲôҵﲻԤôһڴЩʲôѵ糯ô
ֻ¡
꣬Ҹѧˡ֤ȯͶѧĽʱҾ͸˵Ľòģͼһ£㻹ֵͶʵġ
ĽЦЦصǣҵԤڱҪʸߡÿָĹء
ҳԾĿĽʵôƱֵģͶ֪
ĽЦȿһ¡
ĽΪ룬ҶǻϴѧֻٲڼʱҸѧ֮ȿֵģ׼ѧøѧйصĶ
뵽ĬĬˡ
ĵȴţϣһһգҵԤҲΪʵDȻûҡһûңЩҶûټ
չ˵DǵӣͨҵնѾľˡ˭Ӹʲôϵأ
Ҵ߻ʹ˼·˻ʹ
һҾ͵˽ᳵ·ҵʦֵԺӣʱʦԺ䣬ҿֱӷȥСտʼʱûзӦ˭ʹȫҴʦֳм죬ЩԽ̾ԭʦֵ书ز¶Ǹʰ·硣
ʦִ˼кͷ˭ˣҲʹȫҴˣҲֹͣ˶
ʦͣºʵ¶пʦ֣Ҫʲôô
εЦЦصʦ֣Ҳû˵ôΨͼɡ
ʦЦһ£û˵ֻʾҽݡ
˵¶ʹԷɽͽ빬лҪСΪ
֪ģӦû˸ҡ
ǾͺãڹһҪСĽ
ҵ˵ͷʦǴ۶ңҴС֪ҲԸΪҵġ
ڣҵʱɲԼǾ˵عȽϺãֱʵʦ֣˵ϣһʳ˵ѪΪģ
ʦֵʵ¶ιдһʣˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ûֻǺȻ뵽ˡ
֪ʦֲ˵ĻʦִңֻĬĬ֧ң뵽ҾԼĺ޳ܣôʦΪأ
ʦϵıû̫ı仯İ٣ʦ¶ȻıĻҿܻѰҷ
ʦĶ˵¶ʦᵽڶٹߵĳСһ࣬ԳΪ壬ǸҲû̫𣬵Ǹȴһǲͬ
ࣿ
˰ǳΪʥŮΪǻһ˶ľѧ˽Ϊǳ˻Ҳûκ
ҳԾʵʳѪкιϵ
ʦֽ˵УһΪֲΪΪѪ䣬ҲΨһѪйصʥŮҲʹѪ䡣ഫѪƻ൱ľ޴ǽõġ
ʱĶȻȥѵ˵ĽеľѪô̫ʥŮ
ҽ׷ʵʩѪֻ֮
ʦҡҡͷ˵̫ҵʱҲʹʦ⣬ʦ˵ҲǺΪΪֹûʩйѪ䣬ԺҲͲö֪ˡ
ʦ֣ʦ֪Щ飿ѵʦҲʶ̫ô
¶ʦֵȻʹʦֻʦûлشҵĻԶ޹⣬ǳʱһֱ£Ҳһֱ
ɣѵʦϲ̫ʦôϲ̫Ǹأڳ̫ΪŲΪҿ൱пϰ
ʦ֣Ѫ᲻ʲôϵ类ʩѪ˼ᱻ֮ģ
Ӧûʲôϵɡ¶ʦһ飬ǷҪȥܴҵһЩ
⻰ϲ͵ͷ˵ð
ʦִҵǱ飬ǱܱӦû̫ݣʦѾˡԽе˵֪ˮʯ֮ǰǲģΪѣΨнԼѡ
ʦǴΪ룬һǷࡣֻе±ٻˣΪ±ҲĽ
ҽ鱾պúͷ˻ʹ
ҸһԾ԰һŹķʱͷֲԶһ˲ڷϣһžƺһžף





ڶʮ  ŵ

¶ʮգµչţ¹΢ܣɫĳջ롣żǻʣӵǣţ֯Ů
һʺϹǵҹһƣȴ˵ʫ黭⡣
ֻ˴ŰɫᱡĴƮݶϣһ֧ͷҿϵı飬ֻ֪ڿҡ
˭ÿܲµ
˭ϵĴƮݵ·ȻڷƣǸǸ˭˭ұƣ
ұ뵱ֱӴϿȥȻصϢ˭֪ҵı綯ǰ˵ˣ÷ѵСô
üͷʵôڹ
ô취ӳʹһ㶼ңڣǺȲơڹʲôͼô
ҪĻϷˡ
书³ȥôͲȥ
ЦǺǣһǲȥΪҪ
˵˭Ҫ㱣
㽫ʳָڴǰ˵ꡪô뱻˷ô
ûʲô
ҡҡͷ˵Ȼ㲢ûǱȴΪû˵أ
Ȼȸˡ˵׼Ϸӹȥ
˭֪ȴٿվסҵȥ·Ʋײ˸ͣվȺ˵㣬ûꣿ
̬ȣ˰ٵĶ˵÷ӳ羣ߡ
˵ӲڿЦ˵ʵһǲģĳǸҸͲ²͸ʲô뷨ڰ׶㣬ѷ˵һҾͻСڣĽڽҪͷҿɲҵ¡
ҿĵ˵㣬㲻֪һֶԵô
㲻ڶѵ֮ܳΪԵô
Եȴ޷֣Ϊϲ˲㡣
Ҳ뿴ܵ˺Ȼһ˵ΪʹָԼǰ
̧ͷ˿Ϊ˾ƵԵʣϷ˺ϼ̬΢
ϵ˵ллңҲߡ
һץסҵֱʵɱ㡣ѵûô
仰ҵо죬ָһΣ
װɵ˵˵ʲôҪɱң
ߣĪҪˣ书᲻֪ǴƬ˭ô
⻰ҵһòѪҹ£ȻǷҪ뷽ȥԱĽȫ
֪µģ԰֮˳ֻڹ̫࣬Ůѵ֮˲ɣѾڹĿĲȻô
ҷʵ˵ûô֪
ΪʴڹУĶǱԼİȫѡ
ҲĻȷʵ޿ɺǣԼ˻̸ʲôҹ
ҵ˵ͷ˵֪ɼǣ㲻Ҫٹҵˣòã
ҲܣԴҵһۼʱһһҵôҲβ
ĸ׺˰ӡôϲأ
֮һΪξôѣ
ƿڣ໥ģô
˻ЦˣƵᣬ˵ԭҲ֪ô໥ģΪһֱ׷ѰDûпôİһĲֵҪİһٶ˺㡣ʹҲҪô
ȥƵˣҵҲܹģԭԶҲġΪһҲⲻհɡ
֣صĶ˵ԣһҪ
㡪ֻ˵һ֡
һֱҿ˺ܾãõΪ˵ʱȴ˵÷ӳ羣úõţD˺һΣԸԸ⣬һҪߵġ
˵꣬㲻ңԹԵķȥˡ
ҿȥӰʱص̾һҲͣԼΪʲôҪѭȥأ
ûҲͲô鷳ˡ
ѵһô
Ȼһ·˾
صƿ޵ţֱϴϴ˯˵ȴ־޵ڵĵƻͻȻһȺ˿ƣȴķִʱڹصˡ
ڣֻһվŵģ˱D





ڶʮ  ŭ

֪ԵʻҿDʱҵĽžȻƲסĶʱջվԭء
Dŭ⣬һֱҿұֱë˷ȥôôܵˣѵҹĳҪսô
DǸֶһӻһ˵ȥɣСȥ˼ʮ塣
Ҫ붼ûѿڶȥңôԴأûôܵǶʮ壿
ڵϵĹŮ̫ҵķԶֹͣȥ
D˵Ϊ㻹ʸּۻô˵󣬽ֶԵϵ̫๬Ů˵
ϵDƢһ̵վȻѸ˳ҵ޵ڶʱѻȸ
ھ׵ÿ£ɽ緢ǰһǰ㣬ҵĺʼ
˿̣վڵŴDЩ롣
ʵȥˣ
ѵڹĴߡ
D˳˵ٸһλᡣ
ȻشͬĻ˷ҵΨһᡣ
DȻߣϰԵֿסҵĲӣüŭȼգԸеıųһ仰ʶؽϵĺˣ
DȻ˸ңҽȥ֮ʱôһоûУ˵Ǹ֮ˣ
սƺ˵˵
ͷ˵˭ʶ
ҵͷұȿʵµ㻹ƭô㾿˭ˣ˻ؽˣӽΪΣ
۾˵˭˶ǣֻԼ
ߣΪ޻ô˵Ϊνӽޣ
⻰̲סЦҽӽôԼµġ
ļıѡ
ǵĻѡϵD˶ɣʱûֿܣֻ뽫£ֻϲ϶ѡԼϲҾôôզůʲô
ɣҲ㡣
Ų㡣һƿ˵ûµĻҪˡ
ҪΪĽҾͲ㷢ƢǵңҶմ
DȻûϵһƿŵ˵÷ӳ羣ĵӹȻСڶô㲻ɱô
DɱҵĴôȲңͲҪҡȻңͲҪ˵Ļ㲻ʲôô
㾹ֱ޵䣬ҲһͷмԴ
ͷϾһԴҪҪȥǡҹǻޱȣҪ׵ıŷٲŷҳġ
Ϊ޲ɱô
ҿɴûΪֻǸ㣬ҪвңΪҲ¡ԣв˵ûá
ŶDȻת˿ƽаȵЦһ£ʵвأ
ͷƤ飬òѧһ˰ɡ
ȻҶûʲôǣζУҪסһǣһ滳ңһϲҶŲϣŴ˺ңΪҪǣϴ˿װǱⱾֵģȻ϶ǼϸǣŮˣôң
һDҲ֮ת˵޾Ȼ书һˡ
ԣԣҿҪˡ
㲻Ǻô޽վͳȫ㣬ΪȴҪܾ
û顣
D˵ɲ㡣
ҪʲôҲ̫ҵĸоˣȻҲӡ
DŪżôʱͿǣҵ֣˵һЩĻ㲻ʱͽҷһԲŲʣȫûˡ
D⻰ʱȻᳶǣñ˵ôŮĸģĪ㻹󹬲ɣ
ԺǣʲôʸҪǸ߸ϵĵǣ£Ӳ񷣬ȴǧеһˣôܹҪأǣడûдԽһǲҲô
ҵ۽ǷᣬЩҲҪжŮˣҲϹӣҿüҴȥҪһЩͲʵֵ顣ϲңͲҪңҪզůϣҾҵ˿Ρ䰮㣬ǣҵİ΢ҲҡβԴҵԣҲһҶİҪһһεĴݲݰ˵һĲֵ˵ȴ㲻ᶮᶮġ
ᶮҵģ
ѵĴôﻻƣ׺ɣʧȥվѾʧȥˣҺοٿ׷Ѱ
ҲԼ





ڶʮ  й

DҵĻһֱңҪҿһ˺þðһ仰Ǿ仰˵ѩϼ˪
˵޲˵˭㣿ֻسȣ
Ҫҵ˼ô
㻹ûлش޵Ļ
ö˶˵Ϊνʦֳ˽ǲںʦȴòں˭˺Ψ˺ʦ֡Ҳġ
شʲôĪеΪҪش㡣
ߣ޵ɵôһʱسȿзͳ㿴ʱҲǰޡ벻޵÷ϲҳ˶ݵʯȹ£ǲ򵥰ǷӦΪ˶ϲأ
D˵֮ʱʮ㣬ԼܶûʶɣѵڳԴôҪϲңʲô취ѵDô
D֪ҰȴԸңҪʦǳԽԽӡǣҪ˵ʲô˵ԽʹԽ࣬͵ԽԽԽڣһ粻ء
ҽһᣬ˵ϷҪ˵Ҳûа취˵ֱ꣬ߣѸٽЬѵ˴ӸϣͷȻ˳ֽϵǱ֮ͷ档
֪Dʹ˷Źң˺֮ˣΪڱȴȫ汬
һҾͱDӱšš֮Աһ˦ڿз˼ͷԺȵˡ
DѸҵߣұƽһ䣬ʵ÷ӳ羣һҪս޵Ȩô
Ҵ֪ĽڱһôѲˣûţֲԸͷţǸˣѾǭ¿ˣһ취Ҳûˡ
Ϊ˵Ļ㲻ţҪԼ߼ȥʲô취㲻ִĹִһҪͷңǻʵۣҲܲ
˫ֱͷʼҿҪˣһ߽һִؿڣһȭһȭȴҵϡ
Dҵȭͷţֻ˻ҵӿ˳Ҵʹϴǰ޵ûҪһٱҽD˫ּʵҪô죿㾿Ҫô죿뿴ôһҺˣҲˣΪ̫ʹ̫࣬ʹˣҲѽɱҰɣɱҰɡء
ҵͻȻDȻûܷӳֻң˵κλ
ʹصϴţҪʮ˼һʹȫйϡ
˺һˣҵȭͷDȻһѱסҴңڷ˵ޣ޺ǣҲ֪ԼΪλ
߿ޱߺϲҾôô
Dָҵĳ૵Ҳ֪һڿܣҲ֪αС
ʱֿ֪ҲΪģ֪֮ʱѾΪʱˡ
̧ͷ޵ҲľͷǸ˰Ѫ˰֪ô֪ô
D˵ͷ˵֪֪
̱˵ϡDҲû˵κεĻ
DұϣΪҴñӣΪĽֻˡҹһֱҵĴ߿˯ֱʱ̷ȥȻĶ磬ǰ֮ĹϵҵĻЩѾΪ˾֮ҺĶȻ任ٶΣҵ϶ܲ˵ġ
Ӷãûٷ飬ÿ糯ȥҵľһҲȥһʱ˵˵ϲ˵Ļѧʵң˵ַһʲô䷽Ľ˶ʿʱоǾϸѧ̣רҺ䷽ģȥƷ춼ϲЩƿƿ޹޵Ķ˵ʱҾֻЦȻҡͷ˵Լʱͻ˵Щ֪ΪξʹͷҾ˵ӦİɡЦ˳Цĺ㣬Һ뽫ЦԶԿ
ʱҲ̸̸£ͷ֮һҪεġΪҵ£빮뼯Ȩйأ˵¼Ҷվ˼ģһͬҵ̬Ҳʮֵ⡣
ȻÿﶼȴҶ֮ĬĽδ⣬˼ҾͲö֪ˡ
ÿҲΪ˺µķ꣬ڻϴδޣҵľҲը˹Ϊû޾ζҵλݲǰԴҶҲһЩDڱıôĻôôЩҲһ˿رˣȻҴδʲôر
Ȼ״̬µӣѾܿɹˣҲǳϧ
ΪӻȥʱϷһ£¸ıе飬ҲֱӽĽٲԨ




ڶʮ  

ЩҲ͵ſǱֻᵽһЩ׹֮Ѫֻһ仰ǱѪԻһЩƶһֱ˼仰ͣ˼š
˸裬DȷʵѪĻôʩѪ֮˾̫̫ĸӦòẦǺӦþھ˵ѪԻƶôͿƳD˹ƶô¹ƶ˭أΪʲôһĺ¶أԭ϶Ҫ̫ϣ¶֮˿϶̫ĳˡ鷳ľҲܴ̫֪ʲôˣ֪Ļ˵ͿҵDʧԭˡ
ʲôأô֪ࣿʱDߵҵԱߣʵ
ұŵģˣվ˵˼
DȤҵ֣Ҵ䣬ʵŶģ˵
Ƿһط滷ɽֻһСӲͨС֮ܶеģһطｨһӣӵΧҪΧƣҪڷǰһƬƬɫĻ޹²ݣϣԶҪҵԼϲ
Լô
D⻰ʲô˼ĪȥҲɣôܣ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ԣԼ
Dû˵ֻ̧ͷŵɫաĵǵ΢С֮Ҳʹѵûп״ôԳЦЦһʲô
һջ߿ңԼẦô
Ҳ֪ΪһûҵĵطءңҲǸղͻȻ뷨붼ʵֵġֻһˡ
ŶDҵĻֻôһ֣˳Ĭ֮С
ܻ֮ǸһЩദʱҲôڣʱ˵˵ŻͻȻ֪һ˵ʲôˣȻͽӲ
˵Ҳ֪˵ʲôֻһ
ڣD˵¸³ĸ˵һ졯ʵ˾Ϊˣôǣӣٿһ˼䡣
̫Ҫ죿⻰ʱһǺܳԾģ̫Ҳ赸ô
£ҶûоܾɣοһܿⴺǣȻӦˣֻǲ֪Ȼ˴ܷһͬǰ
Dھһ뿪ˡ
ڶգⴺǾͷּ˹һ赸
ھеȴǵĵҿǵӰʱЦ˳ǰҡҷ˵ŮӲȻ˭ء
Ȼ·õϰ壬һǰ֮ʱż
ﴩһɫĨأɻһ͸ɫɴ£Խлɫϸߣڴ廷״һϵһɫ·õɫ˿ϵһɫ׹´ͬɫա³ȹҡҷűһȦһ
װֲʧ¡
ȻһҾǰסҵҿƣˮ˰ǵӳüԶᶣ޴ŨȾ
ⴺȻ̾󣬽ΧһţȻͷ絷ӦȻĻ
ӳ羣ҿ
أƤϸŶ
紺ˮӳ滨ء
ڶʱڡ
ұʲôҹ㣬˵⻰ҵȻ὿΢ǱϾǹŴŮӣҲֵܱ̫ˣһ΢һ£˵˾䣺ЦˡתƻȻôܽˣ
ϴҹ֮ʱȻһģȴڻʳſڱסˡ
Ҳ˵ϴε칦̫࣬Ϊ˱ϵİο˵Ȳý롣
Ŷˣΰ
ȻЦ⡮졯ⲻôÿնء
ЦǮ޹ޣֳ
ܻҪٶһŻɡ
ְ˰ͷ˵ϵļһ
ȻΪȻΪʳΪ
Цһ㿪ʼϰˡõԲУΪĹϵһʼԲϰ
ȻǵĵΪҵĺ˲ٵɫʣҸƱհҲ
̫ҪһǴмλãֻ油֮ãΪʱܻˡ





ڶʮ  м

ҪĹϵDҲÿҵľˣֻǸһΡʱҲѡȻԺ
תۼ͵³ߣվ̫ˣǵ赸ѾúܾտˣΪ˱ⷢϴ¼һ¾ϰˣֱӱݾǡ
³ߵ͵ԿΪǶڹ֮Уڹ³֮ǰ뿪ʹԣںòôôҴһǾھúףһ뷨Ҷıϡ
磬СΪ׼˾Ĳ͵㣬ϺõƣΧһ߳Աߺ
ϯ䣬ⴺʵӳ羣⾰ûлǩ
ǩôӹŵĶﵱȻûеģǩ
ҵĻЦ˳
޸̾ӳ羣ദôʱ侹Ȼûз˵Ȥء
˵ֺγأʵһֱǸԸʵˣֻһԽٸıҵԸұЩĬͻûʧˣҲ֮ǰ̫ࡣ
֪ôǵӳ羰ǸʫأȻȻðôһ
⻰һҶʵʲôʫ
Ϊ˾ƵԵʣȻҡͷԵ˵һҾ⾳ǺЩԡڶǷǳʫɵġ
ٷЩȲ˵˵
⻰ʱҲȻô˵Ļǵأ
ɻ࿴ۣһֱһŮˣӳһҾѾ֪յֻӣ֬س촽ˮü̡ͷҲȸ٣ͷ࣬бһɫĵΨĵɫԼĵҿȴ˱Ȼ֮˰ﵱҼ
ΪνյҪ˽أ
Ȼ۾Щ룬ûпңֻ˵ˣҪŶһģӳʫʱء
ĥˣ˵ɡ
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ϧ΢üͷ˵ʫŹֱݵġ
ȻݰʱҸոտ麣ʮ˼ӿԲŻѿ˵ôЩֻôֿڵĻȻôסģ
ڶأ
Ȼ̧֣ڿһ滭Ȧһһƣסٱ£Ӱˡ¼ȲӰͽҸǻӰҡ
ⴺ̧̧ҵʫðҲЩµ˵ĺ壬ӳ羣ʲôô
ɵЦһ˵ʲôأڶҽģɱ˵ʫ
ⴺҲԸ˵ҲûǿˣȻһػʱһ£Ŀڿ΢ײһ£пʲôܾýյЩֵֹģǾȴ˵
ȻһۺƱ˵˵ûɣǲӦΪӳ羸һأ
ɣ
ûӦøɡҷ׷׸͡
Ȼ˻һеѾͷҾƣû룬ȫȥ
⾴Ʋ˰ʱ
ʱ󣬴ҽİˡҺȻͷЩΣĴ˿вѾſˣ֣ôô˶ſأ
ҶʱЩԾҵľ·ǶӵĥѾúܲˣΪκôЩ;ͷأѵھҩôأ˭
ȥҸطڵĶƳһûüҵͷܵػһιȥˡ
ιȥ֮ǰżһ󵭵ϤȻϵζһûüϸ˾ȫĻ״̬





ڶʮ  

¶ѣ¶
Ժ֮ڽңźʦֵʦôңҿ϶ΰɡΪʲôĴҵִкʵΰ
¶û°ɣʦִֵҵĶ䡣
ҵļҲıҡԣⲻΰʦڻңˡ
һ۾۱ʦֽü΢ﲼ˻ţ˿ڵͷбϣӻǺѣеΣһʱûӦĵʵʦ֣ô
ʦЩ΢ŭ˵ĪεŻˡ
԰Ҽˣ˻һƣȻҾͻˡ
ҽʵ֪ʦ֣ʦ֣ҲεǱ͵Ϯˣʲôʱ
ǽֳһʧ޵ʱչ
ʱչ
ҽʵ
ˡ
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ҿʦһۣͻȻֲõԤУҾԼ˿һεקҪƽ޵Ԩ
Ҽʵʦ֣֪ڴ˴
˷ڴ飬˵ҪӺ㣬ǰȡ
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ʦ֣϶ǸıһʱҲ벻ͨΪΣڸϽ뿪Ƿ֮Ϊá
ʦֵͷ׼ȴͻȻо޷ʦҲˣкβ
ҡҡͷ˵ֻ᲻
ʦְοҵϢһߣղ֮ʱҲ鿴δֿĪҪż
šҵ˵ͷʦҵԴϢ
ϢתǺйҴܣôҲѹȥԽԽȻʹȫȥ
ʦۼֿķסңʵô£
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ұܾǺҲ߶Ҳûʲôӿ룬һӦҲ˴ţҪҪ뿪طⱻ˷֣Ͼڵͬ
ͬʦִᱧң첽ſȥһ·ţʱҲŷͦģǸղĵطǴ۱һ
һ·ŽʣһõʱͻȻøһҵ֫һ෢ɣе
ҿʦֵĲӢĳƮһͷɨҵӣҾЩ
ݳʦ֣̲סҪȥļҲʵʩҵִʱĪ궯һ˲ͣˣҵȴż¶
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ҵĴȫԼƣľƤ⻬ϸ壬һ͸Ĵһְĵĸоȫ
ʦʱѾȫӲˣ۾ֱҿȫκηӦ
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D񱩵ĺ
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ʦDĺδҷ£ҲûD֪ʦʲôһDûչ˺ҡẦԼģϾDǾǳԹž֮
׼ʦַʱDֺسȣϿ
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СĶʦ˵ʦ֣ɣҪ̫¡
ʦҵĻҷ
D˵÷سȸѺعС
䣬ѸٴڳʮǰǽʦΧС





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DĻرʧҪһˡٴЩˡ
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˵꣬תʦ˵ʦ֣ǶԲˡ
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ҾDʱûпһֱۣԽš
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ХD޵Ҵû˵ХǱǧŮɹģ컴⣬һҹ飬һ뵽ǧ޹ջЦŮתлʱҵθͿʼ㱼ڡ
Ҵӹطط
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Dվ޾࣬ĿǰĮȻDۺͳ⺰ȫ
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ѵǰЩֳһαװ
ڣҲ˵ʲôˣ˵ΪڽƱ硣ȻɣֻǴӴԺ֮Ҳزȥǰˡ
ҾҪѧҲҪһһļ䡣
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ΪԶṺĹƱˡ
ҿôһΣȴȻûиıԣھȻĳڵȥֿ첽ߵҵǰ档
ڵɵڵĴϣҿǴᡵɫɫģ֪ǸХΪDѰҿðޱȣֱǶ˸衣
ǣջȥ
ҲֻһΡ





ʮһ  

ȥ־ҵߵ˵ūðˡ
Ļľؽȷֿ
ǾҵӲ鿴ҵֱۣҹûκκۼֱʱһ¡ȻĨת˲ţǻǱ׽ˡ
ͷ¿ʼ档浹˺ð죬ȻоܲӦҲЩʹȴûзһ˿
Ϊκ˵һֳ裬ҲԼ
һǰ㳤̧ӳ˵ˡ
Ͽʲô飬ûҲûзɣҸͲ֪ļ
սȣѸٷūȥϻ㱨
ҵͷס
ͳڵҸ뿪˴齣ҲԸһӡ
վڵȺŽ
ХţֻüҵĺڵĿȫһˣ¶ҲڽڽҾԼŷվһƬ֮С
ʱƣҵĺü֪ΪΣܾЩƤʼ
ʱҸоһɳŭϮ
ŭıƽҿD߽ڵߵҵĸǰͣӢͦĽüչ̶ļįȴӥϬĺңıһ
һƷٵ÷ӳ羣㾹ұ˹ϣ㵱֪˾ɷ򡣡
ƷƷϮȻأŨѪ
ĨǵѪգָ۽ʯ϶֮Уָ⴫Ƥ˺֮ʹ̧ͷʧϸĺǻӾȻִҡ
ʱǷ׷Ī
ɫϵצ˿ڿţ¡·ҲڳЦҵĳĲڡ
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ķ޳ĥ
DһѾסҵ죬ҸоҵָѪҺ
еĨįѾȫȻ棬ݷų˼֣˵Ϊαޣ
⻰ʱ΢ͷۺݵҲ뿪ڽͣΪûãͲҡ
ʧΣȣں֮ʹԶԶʧʹڣʧ˵Ѿûκˡ
DҲ˵ŭʤ֮ȼգ˲֪߳ܵ£ޣ
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ٿ۾˵Ҫ࣬ھͷſңӽԺͬİ·
ߣſ㣬س˫˫ܣΪʹ߱ߵĵطôΪŪ˭޸㣬ڿʼҪǧٱҡ
ָ׺һָ֣ϱ̵ѪʪֱϱڳһѪۡ
ʹ΢˶ҵǯƣҳûץס½֣һԶ˵Ҹ㣬Dó㣬ҡ
ʵǷ̫̫࣬ѾֻЩˣΨһҪľ뿪
DĿƣǰץңһ㿪ˡ˺üغϺ߳ŭDҴ
Ҳʾػ
֪D书֮ϣĶˣҪ򵽵ףֱֻʣһΪֹ





ʮ 

DХڵ´һٶغϣڵȫƷˣЩǵ顣ϵ봲ᡱġ
书ǿ֮ˣǴĶ̼ͻΪƬȻǵӰĴ衣
DʼղƷң˺гؿϮҶƫˣַ죬۵糸㳯ұ
һմҵؿڣҴʱڿУϮҵӳȥҺͷһ𣬳һѪѪĽأסؿڣӼȥײǽڣ񡰵һ졣
ҵؿڽʹһѪȾҵɫĹװҵķҲΪ򶷺ײȫɢ˿ϵĻؼ飬塱֮
˳ǽڻ䵽˵ϣ̱ǽߡ
DѸǰ͵סҵֱ۽ȥ
˸ҵĴѾȫѪȾˣ򦴦ģ·ҲнȾһƬѪգҵﻹڲðѪ
ҷǰ˿ڣ˺ѷεĺD쵰ſң
DͲңҲתңֻǰȥֻ֮ꡱһֱ۴׶Ĵ̹ǵʹ
ҵֱѾˡ
D˿˼ҵʹȻǰȥϹĵطһѪۣХĵذ屾ǰɵģ˳ȾһѪɫĺۼɫЩĿġ
ʱڣ·ȽϵDһֱңϵƤذ巢ǿĦۣϵļʹ
ǣЩʹܱȵļϵʹأǰ֮һǲģ
DԽһȥҵ߱ӵסҲ֪һʲôأֻʯͷҿұ߲Զĵطһǽڳȥֱһ˿ʱͣ¡
DϽʯҡ
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Ϊ˾ʦˮҿʼڲԣ빬ǰͲǴ֮ˣ빬ʱûм飬˸Ͳسȡ
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ҵʻDҵĴ𰸽Ҵ˵˵ԣҪ㣬˶
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DҵĻ֮Աǣɽ޻Ҫô
˵⻰D˲ɵץס½֣ȻͷҲصﳤȥ
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ˮۿսȭͷִʯذ壬һִĽô
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ÿ书뿪ʦֻΪѰһˣΪһһ˼䣬Ϊ˲ʧཫʦˮ֮С
Щȥ˾չȥˣЩȴ˾չ鲻ˡ





ʮ  ĥ

ջԼӵ˼۲һʯңҽŻ谵Ļ⿴ʯҵĹ죬ʯҿռǳСֻɼʮվ涼Ǹʵǽڣһ͸ĴûСһǽһСţҴ򿪿һ£ǳĵط
Dô
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۾شҵĶ䣬ǸŮ˵һݺ㶯ͿжϳŮӵһˡ
һǵһ֪Ĺ
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Ӧû޵ģýD˵
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İɹǣģ˵ǽҵӹͷ޵ʹô
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ٸҹһֱˮߣȴоѡ
Ůˣ磬ǣĶˣÿһŮ˵Ķϵϵģ˰ǣںһأ
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һûüϸӵԭʱʯҵźȻˣĵƻʹҵ۾ݵֵۡסҵߡ
̼䣬קסҵ֣ϳʯҡ





ʮ  

Dϵ޵ʱͷſҵ֡
ڵĴһ£޵һƬǽ壬ǲкжľƬб˺ѵ
ܺҲŽͣDϡֻһɫ˿˯ۣڻӳŽɫĹ⣬ںķɢǰļһƬ¶ģֻһɿϵţ޳¶ģⶼס
ϿŭѵһӵĶҵģ
Ҫҿĳʱ϶̲סѪ˿û顣Ϊһ֪DΪηأŨô
D俪ڵ
ĻҴӵվϴܵѾˣҪҸܴٸغϣٴӮҾҧ
վ߲Ĺϵҵ߸պĲƽУҲδ̧ͷֻһֱ߷ĲӴûʲô顣
ޣسȵĹϵ
Dģȴڿѹ֡
һصҵʦ֡
ƭѾûκ壬һ֪ҪԼƢȻὫʦֵϵġ
ʦ֣мʦ֣ȻDı飬е֮а֮⻹һЩŵ⡣
ֻһ
ʦӺɣD⻰ʱָֻƽ
ûɱǴСסѹԷɽϡ
ǴСDץסеĹؼʵ
ǵģʦһ𳤴Էɽסʮ꣬ǰЩɽġҲ֪ԼΪҪ˵ЩһֱһڴߴңҽЩ˵
˵ѾʮĸˣDе˳ڳʮζô˭ң˭ңңǧ֮ѰȴĽ֡
ƽĻصǵġ
ҵ仰ǳõĳĬҵͷȻû̧һֱĲӡҿῪʼ»˪ɱ
D⻰ʱٿ̧ͷҶؿ۾ﺮ˪һƬһޣǳǧı
ɱʦ֣һ
һɱȻɱ
һûü˵D˵޲سʹһֱ޵Ĳ˵ô
Ҹִͷ۾Ļصǵġ
ΪҸͲٿһûŹҵΪλҪٿ
DסҵգҵҵЩᣬðЩˮ
ҵȻҵ۾ȴƫһƢͽҵڳ
һѰ輧ȻǰɫΪ޵ûа취ô
D⻰һ˺ңһβ˵Ļ꣬Ȼ˷ң֪Ϊ˭ųΪ輧ô뵱ҷ˶ôһ֮裬֮ȴֻΪ˼һǣȴ˵¡
Ҳһͼŵ輧ҵĴȫΪȡˡһֱҵİɣһһԸΪһЩꡣ
ڿЩȫǼٵģ˵һֱڷ곡ϷϷѡ
ȫֵΪոջŲҪˣҾҪˮϤջأҽ۾ת˵Ȩ죬ûзأðӴңƬɱңסҵĲϢ뾡ǧټĥңҿĸ㣬ڵֻʬѣѾûκθоˣԣЩ֣ᷢЩһöûС
⻰治DķԤ֮УĿŭȼգؽҧס־ѽĳЦҵӦúȹ̵İɣǲѾʵġ
Ϊҵʱٿһɿ֡
Ц÷ӳ羣޻ڵ޵ġ
װ׵ǲܵģҲԭҲ
Dƻʯң֮ǰңס輧Զıġ
˵ӰѸʧʯ֮Զرա
輧ڿ˼־ȻΪЦҵ
Ǵףûư
ǰÿλջݵʱĽȥλұݣ˵ҵ¼Ļ˵ʫ衣ȴңԿ
֪ˣǰֺαһ֮أ
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
ˮҪȥӢٸ





ʮ  

ʯЩҽȥϸϸһ¡
ҵȻĻʹӦ̫Ϊ̫֮󡣵̫ʲôأ
̫ô֪ʦֵĹϵѵ˵Dһʱ͵ˣ˲ȫСӾǻ䣬п϶һ̫ˡ
̫ݵʦ֣ĿĲҾʦ֣ҵĻĿӦDңɱҡΪʲôҪDأѵDб㺣ϣ鷢Ϊʲôأ
Ŀʦ֣¿ܸйأѵؽгôԽԽˣ
ȻʶżȻѵ˵ڤڤ֮жôĽĽô
̫δҲ̫ЩʦֵļҲˣȻҵҪ׳нDκλɵĻˡΪı̫ǳԶưͿˣDҲ鲻ʲôȻ
ȻĪʧҲǹŴŮˣΪҪҪΪܣΪ
ĵĻʦ֣DʳѪĻ³󣬵Ʊ䣬Ī⣬ټֶκÿȥԸʦ֡Dһ˼ܵˣǰ˵Ļ϶Ҳ϶ɱʦ֣һʦġ
ʵ̫ԲʦˣĪеںˣ治ɽĽҲ֣ʲôʲ裬һжûзĻôʦҲúõġᾫұЦɳΪһ
һһУĸĸñǧС
ԴDԺҲûˡָֻ˲֪ҹˡ
䡪
һʯҵŴ˿ٴαDϳȥҲδֵסĹߣֻǿҵĹʹҵۡ
DߴӰҵǰΪŹ⣬ҿϵı顣

Ҵӵȥͷɢң·ϵѪƶǱȻͬǣȻ塣
ҵľƺŭDĽüѾʼŤˡ
һֱĬһüëչﴽ˵ʦ֣԰ɣ
һ⻰һ£ЩΣ½æʵˣ
Dҽı󣬳һ´˵֪⹬Ůһźޣ޾͸㡣
ŮһźΪ죬ĤݣһԴôôܣҲŲҪŮ˵ҡѾ͸ҵģѲٰˣ̫̫ġ
ĵ׿ܣȴû˵ֻǱͷٿ
ҵͷ˵Ըô
ѿǯƱͷȥ
Dҵ治ΪȻֻǺߵߣһͻĸԸԸˡ
ҽͷת˻ʵ˻⣿
Dü˵֪ʦ֣ھʹȥ
ʦ֣ΪҵĵһֲԤУ
˵ҲҷӦᲽ޵ҽظĺ档
޵Ҳŷ֣ڵ֪ʲôʱˡ
ʹҹžÿ£ֻDˣ紩ǽDһ·϶û˵Χѹ
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D˵ͷȥҸĺ档
ĸ߶ҪĹִܶ࣬ƽһĴվڵʿֳֳìƴ
ҸDһ䣬ǽлѣȻǺãҲܿˡ
Dһֱȥ˾ͷʱҷһšDԸ˴š˽ȥ
߽ȥԺ󣬵ҿĳʱŵס͡





ʮ  

ֻηһľʮּܣһˣͷɢڼϣͷţ۾ǱŵġϵѾòˣѪ߰ߣĿϵƶѪϵšѪεδصڵϡ
Ƿʦ֣
˹ȥʦֵĽ£ֲΡΡġΪʹҵָͲҴӡͷʹ޵ʦ֣ʦ֣¶ۿ
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Ҽ޵ʦ֣һѣ¶
ʦȻûκηӦ
ҵD
仰ʱѸٵתͷʱһѾһưˮ׼ȥסDٿصһµҸǰסҵȥ·
鼱֮´һҪ
ˮһưˮȫõʦֵϡ
ʦֵѾкܶɼǵ˿ˣˮ˿Ǹʹ
ĽʹѸײڶ֮ƳDһƣҵȴڿУҵһŭң˭ĵޣֱ޷죡
˵꽫һ˳ȥ˺üվȡ
ҲDֱȥʦֵǰ׼ȥ⿪סӡ
DҵĶߣһѽľ׮кʱҿʦֵͷһ£һƿDӵʦָǰʵʦ֣
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ҵˮк˵ʦ֣¶Բ㣬¶
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ʦּԼĥԼ̧ͷ˵¶ĪޣĪҪʦֻѹģû¡
㶼ˣ˵û¡
ϴСС˿ڼ°ٴЩǱˣЩǵˣЩ˵ġҵǰȻģȫѪܵһƬ
찡DǸôôԴʦ֣
תͷD㻹Ǹôֱ޶磡
DҵȻ漣ûзֻǳһ˵޵ˣûѾõĴˡ
⻰ѪֱٻѨҼŭD˻ǲǣ˵ûˡ
㲻ӵʱʦһһٵ˵
תͷʦ֣ʦĵ۾ңİԡʦΪҲҪִţҵʲôã
ߣ޲䣬ѵô޴򡣡D
һDҪֱתʦֵǰ˵ң
ôD˵ֱҵߣѸֵѨʹκ
վԱߵѾֱֳˡ
žҿǱӺݺݵسʦֵϣ߰ıӲʦֵϣ̵ĺۼǸоŶһ㡣
ҷţҪ嵽ʦֵȥסDȴקסҵ֣Ҷá
žһޡ
бޱȣЪ˹㿪ʼһӴDҲʼߣҵΪͶ˼⣬ȴ˿ܣһֱĴ
Dţֻкټȭϡ
һż⣬DļݺݵҧȥҧҸоϵһѾҵˣѪζʱҵǻ
Dʹߣһѣ˼µ˵ϣѸվֱӵʦֵǰ档
Ʋһ޺ݺݵشҵϡ
ž
һ޹ʱƤʹϣζܰγз֮ʹǣҲŰһ޾ʹʦжʹ
æס˱ӣϽ˵ϣȺDķ䡣
D۾ҲɴһЩû뵽һȥޡԣҳˣ˵޻ὫղҧһϤسȵϡ
˵겻ҷӦֱӳڵϵ޴򣡡

ִҵĶ䣬̹ǡ
DһҪʦֳô
ս˫ȭҡͷ޵㵽ҪſϷŹʦ֣
޲Ǹ߹ô
ãźôӦǣ
Һ˵ҴӦ㡣
̬ѱ޾ƺû̫ĳ⡣
žһ
˫ȺȻعȥͷD˵㣬㣬źɣĸԸġ
¶ҪΪʦ֡ίˡԼʦַĳ˵
ž
һѱסDĴȣ޵ˣˣʲôģˣˡ
Dü˵ߣΪ޻ļô
Ѿں˵Ļˣһ¶ѣһ˸ѣùñӴʦְµͷ͵ԣǼˣˮ֪ܣ˾ɷɥʧڣûҪ¼ӣŹɡˡ
ߣԡ޸ȻҲʹӦˡ
һĨϵˮ˵ããһźá
DҵͷԸˡ
ͣűˡʦΪһٱʹȥˡ
DѸٵĵתη
һֱվԭؿʦ֡
㻹ٶతôDƮ˹
ѸٵʰᣬתD뿪η





ʮ  ԡ

DδĵطХĵ
طһΣڵĽṹұȽϤD˵ںֱӳ̨෽һȥ
ҸһţȥԺҾʹˣŷһֱûܻظǡ
ʩȫһִԡҡмһԲεԡףɫ汻ĥù⻬ȥԲʣԡ׵ϷзţϾȻϤԡDȻĵˮǻֻˮôģòԼһ̫ˮɣصļw w w.27t x t.c o m (ȥС˵)ṩÿС˵Ŷ
ˮDҷԸ
ҽܵԵľǰȥŴһ£ˮ˳ˮ£ˮʡ
̧ˮţҪһԡˮܻҪһʱ䡣
DʱȻߣһסҵͣЩëˣôôϲͣҪʲô񲣿
ҿDﾹȻ¶ɱ⣬ʵô֪žͿԷˮô֪ƾˮ
D⻰һҵĶȻ˰أֱֱ׹ȥղŹŸ̾ʩľˣȻִĶû֪ġô죿ҪԲѣһΪҪʦ֡
оҸһǳģĴ𰸡
Dҵͷӵо
ǿԵѹסĵĻң򶨵ĻصҲ֪ΪʲôôһָоһֱͷһҲ֪͸жˡ
ҽҹDݶ϶˵Ƕλ˵Ӧûǵã仰˵ӦûŹҵġ
ȻD仰ڷſҵ򦡣
еɱ⽥ȥָ糣˵¡
£ҪҰ·ô
˳ӵߵǰ̧ȥϵ̿ۡôôӵһ·ôӣ̫ˡ⿪ӺҾȥѵۺҽľ¡ҿ򴦱ҧǸطѪⷭڣҵľȻʹһ¡ҾȻΪʹҾôôñҧ
Dı׼׳˶ֲûǰһ㶼úߣûк졣
ǣҵӦּŭ
̵ô̫˵ˣһ㶼ߣ
ҵݾһƬľĻصǻҪأǽ棬ŭأ˵һհ졣
D󡰺ߡһֱӽԡס
Ĵ˿ԡ׵ԱҵһɾĲҶԱߣˮպʪϲ
ҵĿһֱһҵҲֻһš
Ǵ㽫ǰһƤƣ԰ɣ
˳ھͻصҪأ
ȫ
ҵü˳Ŀõġ
һشͽ尤һ飬ֻƹ˼򴦵˿ڡרעڲһƷһ
ҲŲţDͻȻһеĲӵԡˮĴƮţˢصһվˮһ򿪻ʼͳԼͷϱѸɺԵѪֿʼѪѪˮ˳Ȼԡ֮УǺɫڻһΨȴ˵ˡ
ҵƤֿʼˣǱǱɫû찡ǵˣΪʲôʲôòأ
DȻĴһѽšԡ֮Уˮܵʪ͸ˡˮ˱֮Уֻʹ͡
ŭʵʲô
ôΪ㶼ûһŮҵĽģ
ҸղϵˣǻϲδҪû״
ھ޿
սҾ͵ͷҧ̧ʳָشһϣĺŶ
Dһסҵ֣һ־סҵҵ˿ȫǹµˮ飬ͷʪʪճһı뱡ҲžӨ鴮
㻹ѵذǷӦΪʱеϲأ
ڵĻУ䳰ȷڿຮᣬ¹ޡҪǰ̲סˣǧ֮£Ѿ᲻ɴˡ
ҳDЦѵأôҵϸǰźأ
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Ҽ˵ǰ֪ϲػǲϲϲĻҪٸıһ·⼸֣ģ崿ɰģ߹ŵģķŵģųսģӭܵģξѡ񰡡
㡪DڳԱ˵ˡĽüһţĿҡ
ҳһ´ǣһüÿ
Dȥ
ҵһӾͳԡ׳ȥ
˭ȥˣ
վԭز߶תͷ˵鷳´δʱ˵һ㡣ʱ䡢ص㡢ʲô⼸Ҫһ
Dһҵߣϵˮһ
޲ɡ
ֻĸֳ
Ĩϵˮպ˿ɾĲϵˮһһɣŽͷһøɾһϺҽղŴ·׼ףʱߵ޴ԡ֮ǰ·
Ҳͷ˵Ҵļ
Dָָҳָķȥһɫ˿˯ۣ߹ȥ˯˹Ϊϡҽ˯۸÷ģȻϵýģٴйһǳ쳣ᡣ
Ҹհ˯۵ʱȻһѱסңؽȦڻҲ޷ˡ
ڷǳĿҲϲĴղŷҵʹֻܿԼԭе
ҧһô
ڿʱңﳰЦţ˺ԺѵķֲôǾԲܵġҲԭԶᡣ
һҧסDĴҵĿжʱѪζDʹ뿪ңŭǹô
˵꽫ԡҺֱ̨ϵǸأ̨ʯŴˡҳ˽ȥ
Ļѧʵʲô
һ·Ҵʵȥҷ澹Ȼһ䣬ӣһľƴ󴲣ִĴЩƣֻ˴ѡ
ľ֮ͳұ˹





ʮ  ǹ

ҹһ߶㿪ҳ˵㲻ô
ٷϻ
˵͹ץңڴĴţջħƣһץסҡȻĸ֫˳ȥѸٴӴץңҳʵȥܵʵҺʯűһǹС
ҽǹ׼˵㲻ҪٹҾͿǹˡ
DҵĻӥɵʵô֪ǹ㾿˭ԭһοⶫʱ֪ǹˣһʼƭҡ˵ͬʱŲһƶ
ֻﻹܵ˫ǹ׼в˭ǣ㲻ҪĿǹˡ
DͲҵĻеȻңٳ˹鼱֮һ۰
񡪡
ӵɳǹţֱ֮Dȥ

D͵͵ĵĽһ̧ס磬Ѫָ˳˳ֱ䡣Ѫӡɫ˯ϣҹȻŵĺõ壬ŵİ
˼ѾЩվˡ
۾һɣͫһһɣǹٵڵأվԭɵɵؿDҵĴһֹͣתôûж㿪ôһǹ
һſٱDǰһɵǹˣ
Düͷһ۾˱գ˿пʲôҵʻ˿Ҳδ˵
Ϊʹ˵ȴֽƵڵأѹҵϡ
ɵӶ֪Ҫҽŭģֱӳ㲻Ҫˣڵĵ֮ҪϽǹˡ
DѾЩˣĶͷкöູ飬һЩҵĴϣ̵ɬ
ҵĺоȻЩ⣬˵֪ʹˣ
ұͷص˭ʹˣ˶ã
DЦĺݺǣǾĵ°ɡ
˵꣬ʼ˺ҵ·ͣϵ˿ҲǣѪӿҵ·档
ڸʲôʹôÿҶİôǻƣ
ųغDס֡
DҵĺУֻһζ˺ҵ·ҵ·˺һƬһƬˡ֪ȴҲҴƭԼһȻĺǣںܵһ˺ȴ
Dܿͽϵ·ȥˣҵһĳǰ
ҹʱȼŨŨŨ֮ȴһȻˡ
ָ̧̧֣ڹᴩϵ޺ϣĵطЩʹָϵ¶ȴġ
㾹Ȼޣľôʹôţ
һ˵İǾزվڻĿҰа˻С
ʦְҵȻʹҸʹǴʦ֮˾Ȼ
ûлشĻҵȴۿ
Dҵ˿ڣ֮һʹ
֧壬һֻֻĴӣ޳ָһ˯˲˿ϸ廬ˬ˿̼们ļͷ
ؿϵ˿ڣǸ˿ҧģǸ˿Ҵģ˺ۣҧ˵ĵطˮĳϴֿʼѪǹ˴ƤѾȫˣ˿Ѫۡ
ۿ
βסĵߵܲˣʧѪġ
DҵĻȻЦЦЦŹƻ󣬴飬ŲɵֵջҶ˵ܡ
ΰ˺Ȱ裬ֻһζС
ڴʱ˷ҵӣҡ
ǿҵĲʸнҴоѡ
ֱ˿ڴδŲһһ
˿һһϣÿһϾͻܶѪѪܳɴ鴮ʱͻУÿһζӡҵϣܸоǷѪҺ¶ȡ
ȶҡ
ҽDϣķ΢ʪɨһ˿⣬רעͶ롣ҵٴģһƬ
ҵķӦԳΪοأûôҪ㣿
ҡͷʷ죬Ҽѵ˵ΪҪң
ô
ãһ㶼ãD̫ĥˣоҵʹôҲҪˣܲˡ
DҵĻüͷʹҲʹôҵأҵľͲʹô
סҵ֣ҵؿڴɬ˵ʹ֪ôûôʹ
Ϊʲô˴మȴҪ˺ֱʱҲ֪Dҵİжôǿȣǣİ̫ǿˣһҵģĶռҲ̫ǿˣŻ˵˺ҡ
Ͳкİһô
ҵˮѷģҵͷ֪
㲻֪᲻ҵʹԼ׺ǣμһֲҵĵס֣ҺʶǧһʶˣôϤĸоأǣʱҾ;Īİģ۹ʱҾ;ԼĵǿȱȻԣҺʧȥұûûʧҿʱҵľͻʹҾֻ뵽˻𡣡
ʱڶĺĽĽӳ羰ôңôԣ
DҵĻʱɻˣ㲻ʵʲôʲô㣬ѵǰʶô
ĽֽаĽҵϹӰôԽҴļаγôԣ
˵ʲôôDѾʼɢ̧ҵĶͷȻǹңɡ
ıҿʼǲЩ̫ļˣǲǵҡ
ˣڲ˵ʱӦýŪȥ˲ŶԣԺ˵ʹȥĻô˵ʲôҲûõˡ
ҷ˵ǹˣòã
D˵ûأŮ˾ͲרһôǲǣרҾһΡ
ǲëĳһרĵôз飬ûǺõˡ
˵ӲҪֳô
DϴŵİЦ´ΣûôõĻˡܲÿζ˰ɡ
ΪʲôҪִţ˵ʲôܱҪģ
ˣʲôģô
Dȴҡͷ˵Ļ̫ˡĻ̫࣬Ҿס졣
˵꣬ҵĴĴ԰׵ûһ˿Ѫɫ¶ȵ͵ÿ£͸ƵģȴǻȵģڻеԹޣʹˡ
ҿʼӦǣڸоҵĻӦǵøˡͷ˽Ҹоͷޱȣ۽ǵˮһιС
ҵĴطϵѪҵһֱͣسʹš
˺þãŽԼļȼ꣬ºȻ͵ȥ
ŻˣϽסıڻȵʵôˣôˣ˵仰
˵ˡ
ʱҵͷûɵų⣬вҪ˵Ҿ͸û꣬׷ҶҪȥʬ
ʬǺǣôݵİ˵ֱ۾
һҡҡDD
˵ˣϢһȡӵ
ȡӵԺǣҽĹŴûҩûоտƼҪȡӵжʹ
ôԼЦأ





ʮ  ȡ

DһһһֱЩľȻ
һֱôDͻȻһʵ
ţҲ˼˵ҪϢһô
ңЩѪڰ
DĻͻȻҺûд·һ§ǰҵȻһº̫˰
һƿDڵȽϴ·ƬһΧһϵŪúD˯ϣֻ¶档
ΪD·ʱ򣬶Һ˿ڣҵDһֱȵңҵԾֺ
ڵװܺÿд⡣DɳƶԸС
˭˺ҵ·
㲻˳ӡ
ҽDʱҿüͷһ£ͷϵĺˮֶӦúʹɣӵûĸоӦ׶Ĵ̹ǵĸоɡ
ҷңڴϣúʵô죿Ҫҽǰô
Уҽ¾סˡҩ䣬Լȡ
Ժǣˣ¿ǷͬСɣҪҲǺ׵¡
ҩ
βľ
ߵӴ򿪹ţҵҩ䣬ҽҩᵽߣûԸʹҩ䣬ҩɴӣ⵶ƾƣǩֹѪҩҽƷӦоСD׼ʱǹ˵ô
D׼ʱѾװƵƿӣ˼ǩպ˵ƣƫͷʵҪҧסʲôô
DԴɻ϶֣ô֪ҪõƤȴûңҵʻص֣ɺã
붼ûֱӽ쵽ǰʾҧ
Dü󣬽յǰһ˵ͺá
Ұһۺ˵ŵ㣬Щʹ
DЦЦû˵
ҽǩ˿濪ʼȻһȦһȦͿȥDһֱûЩ΢Ӹңʵʹ
Ƥ󣬰Ѽ⵶һöйϺż⵶׼ΪȡӵҵֶЩD˵Լɡ
˵ʵڻһ²ȥǸ֡ǣԼô
DҰûжֱӳӴ˼⵶
ڴϣڴϣؽҧõӵΧƤһһ˿ϵļѾȫˡĳʱѾǳˣôܳǹأ
ɴͷϵĺ顣
Ƥȫӵβ¶˳ӵΧѪģͷ˵ӡ
ҽӷŵϣùӽӵȡ˳ȡӵɿءȫµļ˲ɳ
ҽֹѪҩ˿ϣȻñϡﾲؿҵĶ
ȣҵĶ磬ˣȻʼҰ
һûΪʱͱס۰һҵĻ֮С
ǰڴϵģ˵ϣŭûأС˿ֱˡ
˲źأֿΪҰˡ
˵ʲôأſҡ
šDȻˣƤ
˵Ƥôô񣿡
Ƥһ㣬أ
˭Ҫ
D󣬷һֽѹ£ͷɨҹỬϣģҲϵǿѪȻ˵ôأ㴩ǰջôָһҵı˵С
ҵͷƤ˲䷢飬ʲôʱҲ˵ִɫĻˣòҪɶɣզôʢǰôû
Ҳҿ۾ֻǶļ˵㻹ȫںԼô
ʱҵˣղźĳҿǹʱôû뵽
˭ô˺ҵ£ղһʱûôࡣ
DҵĻʱʳָ̧ҵ򦣬ҵ۶̶ӣ˵羶֪ôֻд֮Ѫ˵õģǲǴ֮Ѫһ֮
⻰ҳԾѹôƶʦȾԭԭ͵ʱҧҵѪܣҵѪ֪ʱһǴ֮ѹҸ˵빬֮ǰˣ᲻š
Dֽ˵ԣҼʵķ˿񣬿άسȣֻ뵽˻𣬼ʹ֪ǲӦáٸҹҶǿԼȥ㣬ǣ
ҵķЩŮѰô
ȻʱôҾͲܷŹ͵Ļᣬٴǿ治ʦ֣Ǳݺġ
һڳ£·ѾҷˣȻʧˣѾʹˣûзκһȻҳġ⹬֪ŪȥͱӦǸúúò鹬˵ʱˡ
ҪôңҲɹĸף϶ûҵκģҲ˵ˡȻ˵ڹĳ䣬ֻǲ֪ѡ̫һǻȥģһкܶ಻ɸ˵ܡ
¶ĸףҶ˵ˣֻ˵ͷ
Dû£һȻ֮ðһûͷûԵĻ˺˾ȥϴͻɢɺã
Ҳ֪˵ʲôֵġšһ
㳪ôһȥϴǣͻɢ׼ˡ
ЩʱվʯĶôЩˣʹ˵ΪһҪĥԼͬʱҲĥأ
ͷӦĻ
ǣ˭û뵽һҲûȥһǣͻ





ʮ  

ӣһֱD˿ڡD˿ϵóĿ죬⵫ȴҲûбֳ
DΪ˲˷ˣÿϳÿȥ̫̩밲ÿλصĵʱ촽ǲ԰׵ġҿʹıʱһ
DӦҷʦ֣ǣ˵ʦҪڹסһʱ䣬ϵúܻظ
Һȥʦ֣ȴDļôǿΪֶʦ̵ĻôԶҲԭʱһҲá
˼գҺȻһ飬ʦָҵǱھСжϳ̫ˣΪҺܾǰѯʹʦֵ
ҲھУ᲻ҲڶĴѰҷŵأ֪ܲҵұȥһ˾ߡȻֻΪD֮սĵߡǵĸѾıˣҲܲκεķ紵ˡ
գD糯ʱĵһ·
ʦֵDһֱܲ͸ģԹ˲֪һ·Ҳûɫ۾ҡ
һұ㵽˾޵ѻȸûһˣҽ˵ԺȥҲĵط顣ҽڴ͵һשģǸҿġ
ǣʱȴûзǱӰҵĵ˲һƤʼȥˣ
ѸٴӴ˳ԺȻ֣ҵ޵ڴʱһˣ˲Ǳ˶ǵ̫ɫװͷ䣬߿ңдŲм
Ȿô̫ϸüһʵ
һ˦ϣǱ
Ҹտ̫ʱʵһҺܿһһ
䵱̫ˣ̫ʧˣһʣаҲô
Ҷ˶صֺ̫֪أ
ûʲôˣҲûáĵһߣΪ̫书ɲ⡣
øѾͷͷ컹ô󡣡
ͷ̫ҪɱôҾкγޣҪ˶ң
ҸҪ뷨ˣһϡ
Ҵ˸۶ʹΪ̫Ҳǲɱ޹İɡ
ɱߣһǶԻϵвⱾӺζΪλô飿
ΪʲôҶһǶDв⻰Ǻ⣿
ⲻһͨѣ̫ĪҪΪⱾɱң
׻׻֮ˣ
Ϊʲô߲⾰ˡ
һоæȥ̫ȻӦҰģٶȼ죬Ѹңҳ̫ҹ˼к˵Ѿͷ书ֻϧ˰Ҿһˡ
书ʵ̫ǿ㣬D书̫࣬ҸͲĶ֣ʮѺǳˡ
һѿסҵĲӣô֣зţֽ衣
ƲƲ۾һг˵ȥɡ
ŵñ۵ȴĵ
ȴûпҵĲӣɻؿ
˿̣ɫݱΪ𾪣ͶҵĲӴʲôˣĿͷԼĲӣڸղһҾѪ¶˳
ҵѪ񣬰ûκζ
ͻȻһһҵѪߣһֻֻҵؿڣһʹȥҵȥײǽڣȻ󷴵ϡ
һֻͷһһѪζҵǻҴ˿ؿھʹ֪ǲ߹Ǳˡ
Ѿ˲˼ô࣬ҷĳӳ˵ҵ廹ҡ
ǸҴԽʱϵģʮӲΪҵ壿
ûңֻǽϷȥϸ鿴
ᳶʹؿڣѾҲ˵ֻǿȴһŮ粻µýž¡
ڣٿҵ壬תУһҿһӽң𲽿߿ֻŶӣڵضá
ԣͣң޵Ŀ֮ƽҴȿҵȫͬʲôʱָˣ
ʵ굺Ҷںδ
˭˵ʲôҸȫ
ҾʵصҲʶ굺Ҷ֪
ݵƭңʶѪϣ
Ҳ˵ʲô
ߣŷʲôϵ
̫һȻΪ֪ʦ֣ѵʦгΪʲôʦ
ҵͷصʶ
ѾͷƱ硣
˵һѽѸٸƣҵ˲ʹ
ԺҴһѪˮ˵˵ʶͲʶ
ߣΪҲ֪ôԭؼСϵѹᾪʧȥ㡣
˵⻰ʲô˼ѵ֪ʦʦͽô
⻰Һһۣʦ־Ͳôصˡ
̫󿴼ҵ˳˵Ѿͷˣ򰧼ڳ۾֮ǰ֪ŷγƺ
⻰ĻҲܷŹκ̽鵱֮µĻᣬʵ˻
̫ûңֻԹԵ˵벻Ǹ˵Ȼˣ㣬÷ӳ羣ΪԼ÷𣿡





ʮһ  η

ҵȻ÷Լûǰ֡
˵ļ˭굺ҶǸ굺ҶҵʦѵҸףұԼ뷨ŵˣôܣôأ
Ϊ˵Ҫɴ˱ҺôЩꡣʱѾ´ҿĵһ˱ǲʦ֣ſʦⶼһЩԷɽׯˡ
Ҵûʹʦ˭ҵĸ˭ҵĸףڿҵǣ£Щ¿DѪ֮ء
ȻѲµԼϣһȷϡ
ʵʲô
㵱Ȼŷ㲻ŷ巵ŮǸὫԷɽׯԼȴ֪أ
Ļ֤ʵҵĲ²⣬ԭǸɰҵΪ˺ģദʮңѵͲҽһ
һֱԼúҸʦʦְңڿҲˣﲻҪңңẠ̊́ҪĶԴң
Ҳӵжʮ꣬ҾδĺӣҲſ㳤ȥѰĽĻôҪζȹꣿ
ټʦҪ
һ˼ʱǰȻ̫һˣĺڰ֮С
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ڰУҸо߽һߵǽʪģִɪɪô᣿ڲˮҲ䰡
һֱǰߣͻȻ䣬ûˣ߶۵һƬѩأԶɽǰããģҲǰɫģҴŵ·춳ˣΪʲôѩѩһ·ߣŷǰһɫѩ£ͨ͸һˮ
ƿ˽ȥڴ룬һˮ̨̨һˡҿ첽м䶨һ
Ľô˯ĴΪʲôǰɫģôˣҹ̨ǰҡͣĺţĽѣѰ
һ㷴ӦûУôˣΪʲôң
ôôۣ˯˯Ժģоʲô
΢۾һҲߴĶ۵ңֻϲͣӡ
Ǹʲô
۾ǶԿصļе
һһ飬һӽ򿪣æĴҴܣͣĴϣӲÿֲҿɲ֪ǰ߶
һҷžøղһǣҵ˿ڣסؿ˸ط
Ҳſʼڵĵط
úڣֻһǽһСڣеĹ߶Ǵﴫġȫ̵ĹȲݣһǽһСš
ߵСǰǷŵġ
ڽеᯣƢͷҳȥҹʲô㿪ţš
ֱ̫䣬һֱظЩվûҡ
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Ҳ֪ηλڻʹĺδD֪ʧٺӦûҰɣ֪ܲҵ
ҹصϣʼϢ̫һƴÿɲᣬûտǲָܻġ
ϢúȻÿǽڱߣţʼ˼ʼĩ
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Ҽǵʦ˵ȵһ楣ѵȵ۰ĸףֻһ̫˶ġ
ĸΪʲôּ޸ʦһң
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ƾ̫£֪ѾСηȹҹˡҲѾûгԹκζˡ
ҵ촽ѾȫѣЩطѪѾͷԷ裬ðˡǴ
ָͼţÿζͽ޹
ԴҵͥͲͣˣҲòDصƿַ¡
ûˮʳ£Ҳֻܻ죬Ѿǵˡ
ţӦûͦЩʱհɡ
ͷвŸ뷨ȥˡ





ʮ  

֪˶ãҸо˼ҳȥˣӻʶģ۾ұӵϣһҸоһˮ
ˮôˮǣͷԼĴϲͣ򣬲ͣϺϵˮʪѸɺԵĴ꣬Ȼ֮Ҿˡ
һֱ˺һӣֱϵˮŪΪֹҲͣ
ͣҸо˵ҵѨ
һƮҵĶ䡣
ķʳ԰ɡ
˭ôеصĸо
һ̧ͷ̫ûԶ۾е㷢ڣĲǺ
һҲʶŮΣټ򵥣мϤ
ҺޱĽӹķ룬ֱ̻ʵĳֱѷ˸׶죬޲붼һԵ
ҳ꣬룬ȻԸŮΪϴ硣
ɻʵΪΣ
ΪʲôҪϴ磬ѵλҪô
ߣûңֱӳŮ
ΪޣΪ⣬ȫûз
ŮҳηȻһ¥ȥԭһңѹİʪ䡣
¥ֱӽһ䷿еľΣױ̨ڿտһľͰľͨϷƣǵ׼ͦȫģôϴɸɾ׼ȥ͹ô
ãҲûԡˣ˺ູܶûţϴ˵ظٻǸɾ
·͵ˮϴϴһɾɫ·Ȼͱ˿Ůױ̨ǰױ
ŮֽŵһͽͷˣȻԱߡҾʹͭпǰͷŮߵҸǰ
ޱƽ߰ɣȥط
ѡô
ûд𻰣ֱ߳˷š
ѾһڵȺֱ˸ʵλ
Ƭ̺ǹŮҲҲҵߡ
ҡҡλε·ʻȥЩʲôѾˣΪʼնԵģֻԱߵŮ˸Ȥ
תͷ˵Ȼû뵽ˡ
ȻҵĻתͷңıдųûбֳô
Ȼ˵Ҵҽһȴ˶ԴңҵһǻѪ̣˵ҴҵǴ̫ࡣ
βסʧ벻ôѪĳˣ´ӲڣҲԼΪܡֻҺڵֱղһΪ⣬ΪǱƲѲŻڿίʵҴˡ￴ܴȴޱȡ֮޼۵ģ㣬͵ҴǰϹۣ㣬ȻллһΣҴӴԺҲˡ
Ȼ⻰Ʈ⣬ĵ˵ԭͲˣδش׺δؼǿ޺Ķаġ

ʵ˵ЩҶֻԼһֱų⣬һֱˣһֱԸŶѡΪҵ˶Լҵ˹ء
ԺһδԵĻҵҪһôĺڰʲô壿
ҾĿĲ
ʱǵľĬš
λҡ˽ӽһʱͣԽŴҾûôǵڶΣԺܲϰߡҪٲͣĻҹһὫòײеķʳ³
ԺȻʾҸ󣬶Ůġ
ĵطһСضɽ·ȥԼԼܿһȺ
ɽ·ԺҾͿΡţεΨ׳ۡݶɫƬĽ΢΢ȾǻɫȾϣмһɫţԴֻʯʨŵϷдš¡֣Ծۻ̽⡣
ĪǻʼԺ
ҽԼ˳ͥĻʼԺ
ȻصǻʼԺ˶Щٹˡ
Ϊʲôû㣿
ټſڣһˡԵøĿտ
ȻľȻĻصΪˡ
ʲôͣţô˱֮
ȻᲽȥҲ˽ȥĽṹִĲ࣬ǴĴȻδδΤ񣬽Ǵ۱ǹ
ǴЩµĺ԰
԰˻ݣɫˣȴûЩ
Ȼҵʲô
Ȼ˻԰ͳȥֻߴһƬݵأݵһʯԱߵʯ˲̫˭





ʮ  

Ȼǰϥص̫ūѾ
̫վȻ˵Уȥɡ
ȻŮ¡
º̫ҿսȭͷܵŲ˼Щ¡
ߵҸǰͣؿҡҼնδң͸ڿһˡ
֮˵ĸ׳ʶĵط
飿ȵ۵ô
ҽʵˣ
̫տ鲻Ӧûش
鰮ĸס
˵ʱдζ벻м
ĸװ˭
顣
Ϊʲôҵûһԭ𣿿Ϊʲô޸˵Ҫң֪ûаǰǲõһô
ʲôʱһ˼⡣
ʱ⴫һŻ죺ʦ㣬ʮδ
Ĵһ²δκˣĪǾǴ˵еǧﴫ
̫ҲͬӦʦãʦҺõúܣֻǲ֪᲻ã
˸ôԶĶܶԻûѶ书֪̫ʦ˭ôѵҲʥŮ
˺һᣬҲſƺһɫ峯ɹ
ҶһǲʵλŰµŮһɫΣǷɳ۶ɫϵŰɫɴƮ裬кȻһµŮˣʱݡ
ķʽδҲ̫һ˰ɡ
ڷǳɣڽеŮǴδı
վԱߵ̫Ƽⳡ˵ʦã벻ʮ㾹Ȼôǹ㵽ڤȥˣҺҰ
̫⻰Ѿƶȷ̫ȻʮѰΪ׾ʹǰĪѪԵʣ
ҲأͣȺ󣬰Ů˷ųɫȹӭ緭ɣںڵ˿˳
ŵԿò
Ӻһײǽ֮Ҹ֮ˣôƽɫģѵǻͻ䣿
ŬѰ˵Ĵʻ㣬ҾЩȥòŮΪһˡȻҵ
̧εŮת̧ȥֻʣ˴⻨԰֮С
һֱŮˣȵĿ̵ˣߴ̫תƵҵϡ
ҺһȻ˲ƶҵǰٶ̫޶¡
Ȼץסҵ֣ұðȻץţȻҲûпܡд΢ʪů⣬ҵȴһĪİģѵνѪŨˮôĿҵ޶Ǻ޶
к죬޶˭ѵҵŷޣҲе̫һɡ
ҳ˲òǴӺжҾŮģ
һãȻĿϣܸһ͡ȫھñطγϵ״ֻ̬ץҵ֣۾ֱֱҡ
ı飬ȻôҵĻΪ˾Ҷȥ
ŷޣʦãֶ޵Ĺô̫ĸŮط꾹ȻһԳ
Դǵľŷ޺ޡ
ԣûڵϿʼԱʾҵǿҲŷ޺ޣҲ̫᲻̨˰ɣŷء˽Լĸ˸ҵ֮أȻֻǸţҪ˽кѽһҵ֣϶ͻʣΪʲô޺أҪλش
̫ҵֺǳǺ˵ŷ޺ޣֱЦȻ޺ֺιʺҠD
һʲô
ʲôʱDѵDѪô
ղŴﻺůȻ֮䱻棬ҵ˲ױ⡣
ʵ㺦D
Ҫӿ˻ȥģܽҵ˲̵Ķĺ˶֡
ҵĻ¶ɻ飬ŵʵ޶ʶDֻDǣ᯶ѡ
ұΪʵ鳹״ͷȻDµĹƶȻ̫ΪDʩѪ䣬DӴѪΪҽкȥD
Կѿڶʱ꣬ͬΪĸ׵ⶾֵģ
ԽһֱҡһҲ֪Լ˵©졣Ϊ̫󲢲֪֪¡
ʱ䣬Ҿһ亹





ʮ  

̫ԹȻʵӺζ֪ɱ
ҵֺ¶˰ˡ
ӣ֪Ϊ˶ٿ˵ָ̫󣬡ҾͲϴʦͲὫʦţ㸸׾ͲңҶȥҲһ˺ཫ£ȥҲֱôü֮ʹҪλң˵£ַθѪᣬȻȫʼĩҿһûɷŮͦŴӣмҲܻأп಻ԵӣǶôľ
̫ԺߵߣС͹ɿˣʦʦֶϲ㣬ٹػңʥŮԺҲֻĻֻҪڵĵطǴңɽ飬Ҳ㣬ܲޣʧңȴ϶ӦֻԼ֣ҲҪΪҵĶӿǡΨһ±ŷײżȻȥҲԼйءһֱ飬ŷ巻ỳ㣿û뵽һֱģʱһԺȴҠDЩʲô𣿿ĶǸĺӣ㲻Ϊô
֮便ʲô飬źþᣬǼҰ
̫Ļ˵Ժȴպ÷ԼУȻĺӣҾζҪӸǷġºӺҸȡ޺ޣȻ磬ҶȥҲޡҽ޶͵Էɽ󣬱ԾȴǰǹȡһλŮӣҽԼ˵ˣ뷨ȫһ˵˺ܶ࣬ģͨˣҲûͷˡҸǹסһӣʱ뾡ٻȴû֪ĳĿǱڣһЩ㣬ơǱ빬кȴڿˣҲƶķǣ㣬Ϊкӻкܴġһֺ˺һӣ
ϯҽ׵¡
ߣ굺ҶɣǷǱɵģһȻŮ
˴˻ĿϬֱ̫󣺡ʲô
δץ̽ҵ
Խ̽üͷԽȻ˦֣̫ŭȵ޶涾
̫Ķü˵Σ
Ҳ˵Ů
ߣҪŮãöŮ׼һЩˣá
˵꣬ƷͳֱϮ̫Ŷȥ
̫һ漴Ҳ֣Աߴ򽫿ʱһûüղŵĻ
涾̫˵ҩʲôʱµĶΪʲôһ㷴ӦûУ
ҷӦ֮ʱѾ֪򵽺δȥˣĴѰƬ̣ſԶӰͣĻţ׼ǰ˭֪ת˲ִҸǰ
ο磬ݼţҸֲʽһȻת԰ڴʲôˣ
ԳŴȥƺӰڴܶ
̫ٿؾD
ֱӳŴӶȥ
DôҲŴɱȥ
Ҳŷ֣Düͷ壬סؿڣֳڹűߣһ̲Ѫ
һ֪ȥ˶٣֪Լĸ׾ȻжܣǰĽϸʱ͹ˣСΪ᯵ĸ˵ʵ
ⰮȴΪӰ
̫Ԫ״ε˵Dû￴˵ҪD
DȴŲһ󲽣㲻Ҫҡ
Ȼһˣûվȣˤ˵ϡ
ұȥȴ̫һƻӿˣҵȻסڶûн⿪˵ϡ
Dڿҵصʱ¶˽һ䣺羶
̫վҸǰҵҿDӰɴ۾ҺվͲˡ
̫⻰ʵЩĪʲôDΪθйأ
⻰⣿
ĸŮֽҶ˹ؾȻװɵ
ѷӹ⻰ʵ̫󣺡ᯣѻ˵
ߣҵĶѪΪ˲ĻôЩꡣ
ı˲תΪ֣ʵ˻⣿DѪΪֻǸ˹ƶѡ
̫Ʋ˵굺Ҷ˵óĻµĸͲԹƣͷβҶء
ᯣٺѪˣµԹơ굺Ҷ㲻ʲôŮкܣ´䣬ûΪҪϣ
ҿȻͦļҼ̹Ȼǵ˵ѣDȷʵѪΪأ
ѵΪĽĴԽıDô
ν컯Ūô





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