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ɫˮǽߣſվƿľӺ˵ضѳһѣʼƮһɸӵľζŲԶͰɢһζŻ
¹꣬˵滹ʪģװ׵طЩ·ƵĹ⣬ӡ
ʱһһ΢Ļ𣬸žһ΢ɫ̵
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ܱߺܰԭЩưʱѱһưܵľŵøʵʵģһ㶼ţݰʱá
̣żĵȦ档
»ҵһžĬĮصͷ
ⰲõһ̣ȴͻȻһ̤ĽŲٵģҵģġ
̧ƤŲԴȥ
û壬ѱһʯУݡˣ
MDTMD׼̲סѿڶһһ˿ӡλһȻʪʪһƬȻѾѪײʲôаˣҲͷô
Ҫȥһʱȴ֣ǰʱһŻҡ
ʲô״ܹ߰˸ˣ˸ģΧһȦø
̧̣ȳȥ
һҲʲô˾ӣʲô֮ʿβͬΪⳡսб꼰˵ĳ㣬Ϊ嵽ǳ֮սŷ֣ǸˣȻǸŮˣ
ʱһѪӿ𣬿Ů˰һﻹ
붼ûģͿʼӶȭͷⳡս
15ӹս
ҪĶ֮߷ߵ뿪ڵһҲܶ
¹Խȥ
ȫʹҪѿֲܶҲܶǺͶͷʹ۾һѵ
㣬˭ʱһŮ
һʹȫתһͷӭһ˫ͿīɫѬױ˶۾ȴ̬Į̲סĵﰵһNNDһԴ˵޻˵˱ûֻȻԼе㷸ɵ
Ů˼ûӦǾվʹüһ䣬ȻңҲҪԣΪ˱鷳ǻǾټɡ
ιʱ۾ס
Ů˻ͷƮһ䣬ʲô
ҧҧͼһվȴֻǿһʹҶˣҶ𣿡
Ů⻰Ȼһ˿鶼ûУûվ㡣

1 Ǹ㻹ǸԼ



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뵽ԽرҲӦ仰ֻԼڵϹڡ
ǣ۰Ҳ۽ҲۣټǸ鹵θҲϹ壬ÿҪˣǵذƽҪһһܵ£ڣȻйÿˣ
Ůվǹˣǰ𣿡
һ޴İûӦʵûΪԵøӵزҰˡ
Ҫ㵽·ڽг
ˤȥ޺޵غһ䡣
Ů˾Ĺˡ
ƶһӵˡ
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޿κ֮£ֻһߺߺţһֵڴֻٲȣҪʹҪˣ죬ܸһ𣿾Ȼʱ򻹸ҵ
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ڰٴλָ
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ѾһƬʪֲս꣬ϱ۳ĺΣһ壬޷Ƶشսһֱ죬кüζҪҧԼͷ
ԽеŭѵڳͷѵҪǰ
Ƕ˼ʱû뵽ǸŮܻˣ󻹸һˡ
Ů˵ȻڸǸ˵ģΪ䣬˾ͳŰܹˣһҪ
ģʵҲֻ˽һվֱѸٵ˦˵ֱۣݺݵضһ䣬˿ˣ
ȻתͷǸŮˡ
һĮı飬Ѿ˳ѣ˾㵽һҽԺ
Ůˣѵı
ݺݵЦһҽҩأ
ŮЩ̧һüëȻҧ˴
֪ΪΣһҧͻȻðеȴֲͨĪȻģ־ĵĸо
ʱЩԼϽһ䣬õҵҽԺҪڰ·ϣҲŹ㣡
Ů⻰üͷԽؽˣͷ̧˿Ȼ̧ͷ˵绰ңҪҽҩѸ͸𣿡
ĺкҪƵģԽȴԽҪסԴոնĮԡ
УҪô죿
ģһ˵ܶǮ
ߣǮոնѾȺһȫˣﻹǮң
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ЦԽشˣϻˣ
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ֻǸֻͨѣʽϣƺõúܾˣƤѱĥһ̣ͿһҲʱЩŮõֻ
Ϊ̲ס̧ͷһǰŮӡ
ĺݣҲСȻϻױЩ˵ŨȴΪĮԵʣԻԵһѩ׵ӣֻЩոձȺ˺ԵЩˣڣϸϸѪ˿ͷѩ׵ǽϹ˰۵֩˿
ֻֻĻʱһ˵ƬһǳЦգá
ߡΪŮ˸ʲôͬأһһͨŮӣ뵽һЦ˳ֻŮˣУһǲ㣡
Ůһ㵽ô
ʲôʱᱻŮ룬ǾýЩײ죬žʹޱȵŮ˼Ų˹ȥһѳס֣ȥҽԺ
ʱһɫ־֨һͣ˾׿ĵط
#ǰлͷͳһֱԭصĳ⳵˾һ˲˿ɣ
˾ʱ񱻽ƵĴһ̵ıݵһˡ
һӴ
ߵиǰ״վסСüͷΪеһ״ؾһ
ûֻǽŮ˵֣ҵŮһߣ˵꣬һѽŮƵ˵ĻžһȳһյǱŲȥ
һϣЩ֧ŲסرƺһȻסθر
ӹŮҲ˳
˼ʻȴδǴһƬҩŶ˰Уޱرųһ䣬ҲȾƣʹζѵͺܺ𣿡
ĳҧгݵضظһ䣬Ȼ͵ͷҩƬŪ˰ҲȫȻ˷ͷƵĶûֿ꣬ʼҪˡ
ɡ˭֪ŮˣȴضҩƬĬĬذ

2 



ͬһҹʮ㣬ϾɵʱǽϳƵû10£ɢȥŴȡ
¹ףǰ̨ϰ˵ټȻƿţӭ˹߳һƬڰ
䣬ӭϮһ󺮷綵ͷһˮʱ˾һƤ
˶٣Ӱóäӿٽ˽֮ȻȻزƬ
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˭Ҳֵᷢʲôƽĺҹһźɫ׵ƽӣһعҶѣûʲô
ǣҲֻǱ֮ǰƽѣΪܿ죬ͻһˣʱһԽͣס˽Ų
𣿡һͳ
ԣһӦ͵
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ߣŲͣˣһЦƺߣһȵϢӭžһŨص̲ζ˲һеıǻʱüͷͷ
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ǣʲôʲôһٴʳ
飡һδӦһԵλµĵһȭ
˲һʹȻǰʼһƬڰ˿ҲѾǿҵظܵһȲɱ⣬Ҳ񵽣ǰˣһα
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ǰܵĸܣΪ裬ڣҲжˡ
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뵽ĿԽЩʹ˵ͷٴؿͼϵΪѾԽԽˣȥԼҪŲסˡ
ܸðҪ󣬲ȻĻߵˣҪʼΪˡʵܸı䣬Լø㣬黹δݱ䵽ʰĵز֮ǰΨоȫԼ״
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ǰһѣµȥҺץסǽڣһ£ָһˡ
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Ųģǽߣһһǰƶȥ
ˮƮѸʪŨڵķʪ̵۽ޣʪġ
ǰʼһƬڰڰڰ׵ĿӶ˾Ŀһ˿Ĺ⡣
ǰƶˣһѾʹҪŲȥ࣬ƴȫǰƶ
ʱȥķ򣬶ֻǣΪȥԲѡķ
֪˿ȥûж˻Ļ⣬룬ȴһδҮΪġ
ȻѾܾûмǸŮᣬǹģѾҪ౩ѣ룬Ҳ롣
ǰƶţǰһûУĿȴԽǵһҵسʹƺһͣͣŲ
һԣס¹⡱쵯ǰһŽѩЦǳǳУһСɵһһԾţЦţš

3 һҪʲô



һ·Ĭǰɳۡ
ʱİڰƵŤͷ۾˵ոѾҩθĳʹڼֲиؼţһ˿ذͷҲϵʩѹһ㣬˿Ҫһʱ̲ס΢غߺһ
ǰڿ̷ӦѸٵתͷһۣ𣿡
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һЦֲûôشүͻȻʲôӣ
ð˶λ˵ʲô˵һ飡
һɲ˶ݺݵǰȥиֱӾͽ彻粣ˣһʵй׳۵ġ

һɫˣ̷³бķӦ죬³ˣѾ׵·ߡһͨ
ʵʱ򣬷δҮӦÿԽܵģȴûɵ㶵ظ³վ˰еı󣬳Ĭؿ
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ۣǳۣ۵ǲܿƵرۿȴһҲûȥá
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ӣƮĶҹǳغ־ǧǣȴһְݵζиһͬĬ
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һ˲䣬ĿںȻһʹ·յطͷʱͬ12£ʱͬһƮϸҹʱͬһԶղľ룬õȴץһ硣
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ؼңΪĪҪԽŤǰɣŮˣʲôɻʲô浱ƺʩΪĴ
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жû˵δҮȥֳһ䣬Ÿ˾ַ
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ٴͶһζ񣬵һɫû˵ʲôѸٵط˳ӿ
δҮת԰˵ллȴû뵽Ѿһα˫ۿαϣ˫ذڶϣһͷ亹
δҮȻδ࿼ǣͷȽַŽԼĻůůȻ˰е֣ȻȻؽԼظ˰еθϡ
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4 ʱʱ



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ǰʲôǣȴܹظܵۿǹʪ󣬵ʪᡣ
ʱÿ峿վ15ԶĸԼҵ̨ˢϴΪҪٶһԣÿʱ򣬾ͻῴδҮһͷһͷŹǷߴŸϳĵؼ࣬Ȼ۾ˢһͱǺǺǣÿοķδҮһԾͻῪʼЦЦЦһһůÿ
ʹڣһԣҲδҮʱһ˯ı飬ͷɢҲʩ죬ȴΪһ˵޻˵Ϊκһ˿֮ۡ
ʱһͬѧһͬѧ˵κ˵Ļκ£ƽͨĸܣÿպĿһ㣬˰ģȴֲϡ
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ѾǸÿ峿ҪһԸվ̨ˢĶżͷķδҮ
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Ϊ㱻صɴסĺڰվֻ
ɽȴҲδҮһ˫ںĴ۾
ʱıʱ̨ٵϼȵصš¹⡱̨µķδҮһССԲ˫۽ضʼҫ˸ֻΪһĳ֮⣬ǺЦ⡣
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ʱֻһҶҪ߲ȥķˣһϹӣ
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һش߼ʻ̥ѹˮӣػһƬˮʹһǸϹʲôҲظ֪ϱ鲼ϵˮ⡣
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Ŀһһµͣʱȫ鴤һ£ǲʼƴȫŬϢ֣ڸĿڵʱؿڴ´һҩƿ
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ҩܹ󡣾ܷδҮ˵ǧǮ⣬˵ĿǰĹ˸û⡣ܻ᲻֪״ȻҲᵣŻᱻδҮΣջ͵͵ȥõĹǵģʹˣ룬Ҫһ׸
䡭ҲʹÿҪըˣδҮδҮڣ

5 ǹѪ



һ·ðеĺһһʹ飬ڣǵůʼ佫ǱѩϣĬĬذǸڵθ
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ͻȻЩӲһƿ˷δҮ֡
δҮһЩסס
ж˶Ƥջû˵ŤŤһ߲ȥˡ
һƬڰ˿ǵûڳϣȻһϸϸػ˲ģ˴һС
ٴһɲòײͣһİеθٴαһŻʱüι㵽׻᲻Ὺգ
Խŷת԰ûضһ䣬˳ٸһ޴İۣһÿı鶼ûС
δҮ˿⣬С·ѿһԼܹȥˣллˡ˵ŻѾ򿪳ˡ
ֻһ죬һԶ˵ĺ˽ѸٵģгƬˮҲŷһͬ˳ᣬʱƮһʪˮ⡣
һ¡һץס˷δҮ
δҮתͷһ鼱֮ɫЩҲЩ͡
˵λ˾պҽԣǸһȥɡ˵ţҲȷδҮش𣬾ѾԼ³ˡ
˭֪δҮûоܾѸƵʻĳ߶˵Ǿ鷳ҽˣѡಡˡ㣬㡭
һ⻰˵³߰ɣ㣡˵ţδҮָһͬ
ԽԽʱֱǳǵı
һոձȺ򵽼Ҫϵȸ˺棬ʵЩǿ˴ͣһ½Ųһ飡
˻ͷ
ȥһٸϡ˵
鰵һüͷҲû˵ʲô֪еĸԣϲ˷οδҮ˵ಡǸһӶԵתͷԷδҮ˵ߣ
δҮתȴֻͷѸٵؿһ۰УֵƮһ˿ºͣǣºͣȴǼݶּƮģ޷š
ѸٵˣӰûޱ߼ʵĻС
ְ˰θͻȻһ۵һһڡ
ડϰ߲߰ӡһ̲ɫҺ塣
һ£ƺŹˣаԵЦһӲ˲ǣȻһһز䵽һߵǽϿشϢ
ӻͳ̺Уһ֧ȼĻ⣬ƺһ˿ů⣬ոշδҮͶǵº͵һǿ٣ƮʵЩ԰յġ
ЩǺ˵һػĿڱǣǻ٣ԼǱڶȥ֮УãζܺãҲῴ˿ڡ
һڣȻһѽͷ˵ý飬˦˦ܵʪͷһ̧ǰȥ
ոշδҮĵַֻƬʵЩҡ
ʱʱܱߵĻ
ǰеһ·ߵķ߲Ժǽưܣһ֪20ϵķ䣬¾ɲܶ෿ӵǽûҷˢһһĺשȫֱ߰¶ţȥؤһס
ŵµ·ҲŢˮѱ޹ܶˣӿݵģ۵ˮһСľͻУǿȣȫˡ
ԽߣеüͷԽû뵽Ůסһֵطǳս˻Щã˵ߵһǮ˵ǼµˡոҪȹƵԵʣǼСëߺߡ
ţŮļңȻͱҵˡ
XxŪxxţţˡ
̧ͷһ£ǴС񷿣ɫǽ¾ɵľССİյߵ
3¥ɣأһĥĥŲ¥ݼ䡣ڰ˲һû
ӭ濴3¥վһֵŮˣŰУŮ˵ٸ죬ٽֻˣ
δҮ΢΢̧ͷ̫̫ٶҼɣҪǽС͵ͰǮˣҸոҲˣҸôĻ¡
У죡Ůʢˣ㲻һһĵ˵㻹磬ҪңˣҲһθ㷢˰˵㽻⣬㽻óʵҲǺˣŸʱըһķһҪĸСĻˣⷿӻóȥ
ģһֽŮ˵ʱһ㣬ˡ

6 ֮



ʵǮʲôһֽƱôǣȻȸһ˲ˬ˲ʧһ룬ҲҲʲôöڰ˵ɲֻһֽƱѡ
ԣЩֽƱȥ֮ʱȻû˾ҪȥһЩʲô⵱УȻҲû뵽ҪյǸŮ˵ʲô
ǸŮˣȻмҲûУֻǾ۾ԭأƨûзš
Ů˹Ǯ棬˸˸Ź⣬·֮ʱޱȣ˶ġ
вûмӦ˵öˣ࿴һ۶÷θתߵһߵĴڿţͷĬĬصȼһ̡
ţҲ̰ǮˣǷķ֮⻹ʣٿҾ͵¸µԤ˰Ů˷˷ۣϸϸصһǮ׼ڴתˡ
˭֪ǸδҮȻһסҪŮǮǱһʱشһ׳Ϊ
з˾̵֣۾ؿ
С㣬һ¡飬ѾκŮ˵ĸ硣
δҮת
ŮǾǮĿڴŤŴƨˣڰ¥һ˲ûӰ
ľʴ򱻷紵˲й룬һ졣
һţǵĳڲͣؾʱ㺮˲ˬ
кݺݵس̣Ȼͷڵϡ
ˣѾ˹£ڣĻ¶һӣԼڣҪƣҪŮˣҪůҪǣֱ䳱ʪޱߵȹۿǮ⣡
̤سŮ˵ӡ
ڵһУʱһ
òªȴ˸ɾӡ
Ҿߺ٣ֻǱرļÿһֻǽţʰ˿ңȻӿռ䲻ԵñȽϿչ
˾ǣеļҾߣнǵģȫ޲һĺࡣоĬһһЩİǣﲻɵðһɻ
ѵ
ɻ󣬰̧Ųҡ
ʱᴫԺгַ֢״һҪѲ˼ʱҩĻļô๦Ҳ͸Իָˡ
ǣҼˣллҽδҮش
վʮಽԶſڣվסˡ
δҮıĴϣһˣЩԶ˿˵գΪаɫޱӡģ˻ܷ˵ɫܺãе࣬ûѪɫȻǸˡ
Уˣʱڷֵ̧ͷ
޵ӦһȻ󿪿ڲͷʣô𣿺˾߰ɣ
ŶˡһӦţһߴλվδҮ
ȳţȻδҮţһ·л˸мĲ
Ϊ¶Ҳȥˣû뵽δҮȻֽסأǰɣ
ģһݣ֪ô֪հصģһ룬Ǹ쵰ɣߣˣҲһˣû뵽ڨĹô
ͷؿŷδҮʲô
δҮֻݸֻңǱǮһᾡ컹㡣
ˡж־תˡ
û뵽Ů˾Ȼʹ㹦һѳסֱ۽ԭأҲһҪǮ㣡
ңҪ˵˰й飬ʲôûˣֻʣĹˣTMDֵǮܸˮιԼܹϴӴ˶ÿɫʩ𣡿Цˣ
Ҷȥû뵽ҪҪ˵ţٴ˦˷δҮ֣̤¥ݣMDۣոձŮĵطҲһ˿ڣԭȲ֪ڱһŷۡʲôǮ㻹ҰɣаǣҿǼһؾͲڶˡ
û뵽Ů˻ûˡ
кȻЩвʣǾͷ۲Ըתͷ˳û뵽һҪһĻʱ˿Ҫ̡
ڼĵδҮֻ룬ﻹ˵أİأµУŵĳС
MDҪҪɴٸƬȥʾͷ񰡣
TMD߲һͨõµθҲ˲伫Ϊϵغݺݵس鴤һ£ʹ亹ֱð
θںڰ¥￴ЦһƮ¥̲סֵ͵͵쮳һ䣬㲻ϲ˵ôζ
ꡭڰдһЦȻû⻰ϣɱڳԴףȻص»ĳ˻Ϊĵġ
ȥ̧Ⱦһţֻϧȴ˸գӰû˺ڰ֮У㳾ûϡ
θһͨʹʹֱۣ˶һţֻúݺݵҧסʹش˴֮󣬲ĽŲ
ʱ¥ϵķδҮպֻȥ
ϵһԣҩ˯Уŵ߹ȥڴߵؿ
ĺƽȣҲٳָոջؼʱǸģֻϵı鲢δȫɣǵÿüˣһ˿ʹĳơ
֪ʲô£ϵ˿ڣʣֻңڣš
ţţĬĬᡣ
ֱ֪˶ãǰˣն۾ɳƵػһδҮ

7 ໥ȡů¶



һ֮۾һǣδҮ
δҮʱỨǰٸнѸӦһţһԣ
ޱ֣ڿпշػţܿ죬ͱһ˫СִæסˣһģЦЦֻΪֻصʵڵգܿ죬ЦʧˣôôδҮ֣ôôδҮֺñǲǴˣˣµ˺ö࣬ǲǶˣŤüëӴδҮԼ˫𣬷ŵǰ
δҮһЩʣܿջ֣û£°ɣȥ˵ţʼַһɻشϡ
һҲûٷԣԹԵ˳Ķɻ˴ϡֻǣȻն۾ʲôûУǴλһš΢΢̾˿ԲδҮ
ţһ߰޺ñӣδҮһµӦ
㵣ˡԽ̾ȥüͷ塣
δҮ㶣ضһ˫޶Խ۾ӣˢһӿȴǿƽ֪ͺã´μǵòʱһҪҩǧӲš
һԹþҲûӦ
֪ʲô
ԴӳԺһʱĬ
ȻǰҲǺܶ໰ˣڷδҮǰ棬һģЦݲãݹڣȻƽᣬȴһ̶İ˸ʱ˿
Ӷ˰ɣȥԵģδҮһ䡣
һûӦȴڷδҮת֮ʱͻȻӱһץסһ£պץո֮ǰЩ򵽵˴Сĵصͺһ¡
ôˣһ˲еزˣŪˣδҮˣ
ûûСδҮЩŵȥ
ô£˭֪һԲû֣һЩһδҮصһ۵ᶼҪûûʲôһԣ㣬ҲˣȥԵİɣңҶˡ
һһӷſ֡
ȴڲ
ӣδҮһ߸˸ϵˣһ߽ŵؿһʱ䣬뿪
һԼڴϵöû˵ֻԭǵĲ壬㿪ʼɫ
һԣһԡδҮʧɫȥסֹļ羪ޱȵػ֣һԣһԣôˣ
Ŀһʹ·ﱻһᣬ޷޷ش޷ӦףжΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôҪ
ͷõ۾شϢ
һԣδҮһַؿڰ˳һߴſǻģ˵úõģҪôѹ
üŮ޷üŮͿ̹̹ŮԼѿ˿ںȥǻȥڣȴʲôֻܵؽŮµĻԡ
뵽ؿڵʹԽһöһ㣬ɢޱ޼ʵķȦ鲼£˲ʧȥе
ƷһԼˡ
ţأһֻһƿ
һ£޷ķδҮһӵڵء
һԡˮڿţһԻ
ƭҡҧгݵ˵ְסΪֹʹؿڣŭͷȴΪ޷׼δҮֻܿնضſ˵ΪҿͿʲôҡ
һѵᣬ˲ģ˷δҮǰߡ
һˡ
ǰվڵ˼˵̨£ҲܿһԵһһţҫϲãĽʹʱһΪǣҲܽеĹ⻪ǰϸϸؿΪ۾ֻ
ڣˡ
ȻĿûתƹһһȴѾҲҲλá
ÿΣÿΣÿһΣעʱ򣬵˵ʱ򣬵ѹʱ򣬵ĵʱ򣬵ʱǰһϣٴμǹ⣬ϣǹΪƽǣȴҲǰһػ
עֻһ˫ɫĿն۾Ѳעӡ
ǹ⣬
ͷס۾ϣ赲ˮ󣬴ָѵ³֣ԲһԣԲ𡭡
һһʹߣǰȥ
һԡδҮȥǾһסһԵĺ󱳣ԲһԣĶԲҲǹҪģֻһС˶ĲµģĲҪˣ´βˣҲˣһԣ㲻Ҫô㲻Ҫôѹ㡭
ĿһԽҪȥĳ嶯
ǹˣһԣ㻹Ҫ˺δҮ٣ѵǽҪŮѵĴ㣬ҪĥŮ
һᣬһԶʱһס˷δҮ
δҮ彩һ£ԭأٸнܿ죬ǰ
ȻؽͷѹԼţˮ䦽ԼԼ½
ӵ˰ӣһ³֣Բ𡭡
δҮһҧס˴ֹԼٶȱˮ
£ͼѰ촽ǷδҮǰһԼĴȥůĽӴʱһ
꣬һֱţţ·Զֹͣһ㡣

8 ޷ԿصŰ



˷δҮļҡ
ģ
ưɡ
ͷһۣԷӳĬؿ
ڼ֮ڻԿصر۾
ۣ·ȫϸ֢һûˣֻ˯˯Ĵ鲼ʹ⣬ʱʱŴЩ񾭽񾭣Ѫܶڵţ˾ŵ֮ȸ벻ȫ޷˯
֮ʱȫΧڳ֮⣬Ʈһ˻˯΢㣬ĳӣõĲһʵĳˮԲûиеܷθ
֪˶ãͣˡ
³ұߵĳţ̽ӿʼ̬ҡŰУˣ³
ӦһǱۿǶ˿
һߺ޵һѳ˰еֱۣϵس˳ӣϳţãȻżȫʧȥжİмѵԢȥ
ݣƣůĹߣ˲Ϊ֮һ
ͷһ۰Уǽ˫ۣȫʧعϣǹˣ޺޵һȻҧҧһ϶߻ʬ壬ֱʱŽضɳϣվԭʹش˺üŽػ
鶼Ѿ˾ôģ˭ҽأְҵһ۾Ϳ˰е״̬ԣ룬Ǹȥ̽ĶͷȻˡ
ˣŰҲһˣܲܰҪ鷳
һȥҽҩ䣬һǶɲΪҪӵģȻѲͬһˣɻ޷ȥʱһȴѲǹȥǷ飬յĮŰԼΪĿĵӣȴԿ
úҽҩ䣬صɳϣ鿪ʼϸҩ
˿ڵѪѾᣬǵˮͷ֮ʱ˲Ϣ仹Ǵ̼˰Уǿʼðһ˻˻ͷҲڲͣزȥԶʡ
𶯣һְ˰еǾһ˲䣬ȻߵİеɲȻЩȻͣԭأԼеĶ
۾ƣ۵Ŀ⣬ӭסʧĿ֮ʱѣָһߺһ䣬һѽԶİȫء
ֹӣЦʰսʲô˵䣬Цݾֿٵʧˣȡ֮ģһǵĮᶪҩˮҩޣڲˣ㻹Լɡ
ԾһֵؿƺҴ
ٶȿһۣĿƺЩı仯ǲԣΪܿת뿪ˣȥϴˣҪҪԱɡ
ֱǵӰʧŵԼˣɳãһ֮CAOˣȻҴң
Ҳʵ߲ˣȫʹҪƺۣҲûٴǰҲû
תת壬ӻͳһ̵ϣһ֮ɳ¡
ʱǰȻ˷δҮ
Сģ԰׵΢ЩӪӣȴǼΪ䣵ģ綬һУͨ͸΢΢⣬ǣǲĮıȴ͸һӲļģҲᡣ
һһ̣һЩؾЩʶģ
УſңſУ㲻Ҫ
һŮʼըһڶһȦһȦƣͺըȻᣬǱµᣬ֣΢΢󣬡ߡߡ
飡飡ҵײ֮˲䱻ѪȾ磬ĲƬһй¡
޴أ޴أ˿ڣƤر˿¶֮£¶˵У޴Ӷܡ
뿴뿴һĻϵ磬ȴƫƫҪڴ˿̻ը˵ؽ˿һš
վǶ㲻
ߡһԼķ˺Ѫ籡
СһĺеȼյĶͷʱ
һϴͷֶɳΪն˾״̬İУ˵ʵһеŵڽ֮ڿƽԵһʱǰİɫ죬Ũڵ۽ڿٲڲ߽ͣڣѲٳ鴤
˵ʵһ˲䣬ԵЩˡ
У֪ʵҲǣܲܣҪôʹķȥ
ɳϵİб۾ߺһžüͷθ
һ˾֪ʹˣǣͽԼظȦȦ
˵Ҫǿӣ֪жѹ˵⻰Ȼͺۿ
ûϵʱͻʱ۾Բ˫Ŀ͸аƵض컨壬źھͷһŹֵĹ๾
УʱЩסʹӵȥ
ŻûסͷһһŻ˵ϡ
һ̲Һ壬ʪȾޱȵıɫİë̺
У
Ȼûܴ̼УֻǣطɻɳȻһνرųһ䣬ǸŪҵĵ̺
㵽ҪʲôʱſȥҵԺڲƴȫغһ䣡

9 



糿վɱﴫѣžŵһϤļ嵰ζԴ۾ä֮پͱ쳣ѵҪһø֪
һڴϣȻѾ۾ȴûжϸһ£ƺͣˣһɣΪϲûбյĸоΧĿģʹƮ͵ζȴԵֵ͸һı
ؿڻЩƣ֪Եʣ˵Եʣʹذ˰ĵطоõﻹЩʹģǱüëؿ˿ȡ
һԣδҮǵһʱӦԾ˵ٶȱǰܸо¶ȣһ˶õů񴺷һعǰˣﲻ໹ʹ𣿡
ҡͷδҮƢЦ
ţ
㲻Ҫÿζôš΢Цǻɫ۾ȴʲôûУҲһƵı顣
δҮһ£ž˵ϰˣҾ̲ס
ǡһЦøһЩԵ¶һƯСϰߣɲôá
ţ֪ˣԺһġ˵꣬ȥҪ𣿡
ţԼ˵ţһԱᵲδҮĲԼµأ¿ЬȻϴּϴеĶˮһǳȫһǲ߱äˣǸ۾Ĳмˡ
δҮصں̧ͣ󿴱ϰֻвʮӵʱ䣬һȥžߵش
һ߳ʱδҮѾЬˣһԣϽﳶڳݲضѾһҪȳԣУĶȥˣ춼ˤһҪڼúõϢ𣿡
šһһӦţһ߹Ҳǣϰʱ̫ƴˣϵøҩû̫صĻһҪǵø˸ɣǧҪǿˡ
֪һûôδҮһسüͷСʱѾˣඡ
ţ·Сġһʼ΢ЦӦţ·ѷǳϰÿ˵ĵ𣬲ִ˲ƣ
δҮ˰֣ȻؿУתţϡ
ţ죬̹ǣӷδҮһŵޱȵġ
ţһżž߹ǣһԵһžḴӵġ
ķδҮʱʱûӣһԣҲ˫ն۾ŷδҮոճȥʱŵǸ
һţˣģһ䡣
δҮµë˽ӣڵҧһȻͼӿ˽Ųŵŵŵس¥ݡ
ֱ¥ϵĽŲȥˣһЦݣתۻس
ȻûʲôθڣǻᾡľذѷδҮص͸ԵѾΪϰߣδҮ˵Ϊϰߵ飬ͨǻ̲סġ
ҧż嵰һԵͷٴƮһȻ
ԲδҮԲ˵һʲôǿΪĻҪøǿþһЩ
ڳ͵һ̣һѾ˽ԼҪʲôʲôϢôܣǸϹӣûдԼŮҲҲʵȥδҮĳŵֵ磬ô룬ķһ֧ͬҡʲôٵôȥĦʦЦΪҺɱ˷Ż¶ϻʲô²ȥ
ôһԵأ
һԾһȴΪ̫ڶеס˺ͷʹҲûȥҪҵˮȵˮȴΪЩڵأ顱ѵõһǻһ׳ۡ
һԶʱŤüһ߼ʺŵĶһסǺȸȥ񣬿ɸһѲ뵽Ǹָ˲һɴʹʱջԵطŻһŨһѪζԶ׼ǱƬˣһ£һ԰̲סվϺݺݵɨһ£ƬַһϸϸȻһٴιƽ
һԵ룿һԵ룬ⲣһˤһƬˡ
뵽һԶʱͷһһƵЩǰڣϽƶ˼ֳͷݺݵش˼ദһһβһһط̣ûסһɽǺȣȿȿȡֱȵ嶼һա
ƽ˺þãŻ̧壬ͽ͵תͷ򴰿ڵλá
ʲôǰֻһƬʵĻңʲôڡδҮң㻹κεڴתڣδҮÿ춼ΪҺҪ·ĵطõ״ϣȻߵſڴЬ
ţţ¥ݡ
ߵſڣ˷̫̫кô磬Ҫȥѽ
ǰͣ½Ų΢ЦӦ̫̫Ҳô磿
ȥȥѽ֣û취ġҪʰȻҪѽǺǡ
ţǺϰߡ΢ЦӦʱ۾Ѿ׼ȷض׼˵ĶԷķ
ǰǰŮŶһ첻ܺԼУ˰ûһǺöģǮûǮȨûȨҪǿССŮµûһ԰ߵġ
⻰ɽһôӦأֻü΢ЦԶԡ
Ӵң˵ʲôأ̫̫ȻһؽĿ˵һڰɣ룬ӦҲһڲͬİɡ
̫̫ڷ£ٹҾͿõˣܲ㣬ٿǼ
˲ˣǸǮöѾˣ˵ţ̫̫һԿһ㣬һصضһ˰ýϵŶֻͦţ

10 ңԶĹȸ޹



ٴʱʱƶѾ磬ʱ⵹ѵõҫһأ͸شֱͶһĹߣԭնļңоΥһů
üͷ۾
ưɫĹӰɳߵĵϵǻţһ޵Ļҳµţһ˲䣬еˣֲǻҳԼ
ͷЩ裬źڱ㷺һģһڶַһۣ˵ԾֱϴּȥţһԿƵŻ¡
Żֱµذȫ
ΧһƬš
˫ֳǽϣŻֹ֮ͣһصĴϢû߳š
ӣƵϴǱϴ˰߳ϴּ䡣
صɳֲ̣輸ֻʣһֻյ̺Уǲ̵Ҳܻҵʲô̵Ӱǰֻȥ򣬴׵ʱȻѹڲ輸ϵһ
У
ͿȥԵҳȥ˺ܿҲҪȥ¸̸
顣
Уֽİһ߷һһֽ߰һֶ˵ϡ
̸̸ͷһԺԺпգΪնҰԺȥôߣȻпȥˣֿʼͥˣǺ˰ʹ
·תš
ĹߣһҹİһЩۣܲ泯죬ͼӦ¶ȡ
תֽǣսһұ̳ʱĮŲææµС۷Ƶģ˵ͷǰţȴֲ֪ΪҪ˱æ
ұͿڱſǽͳһ֦̻ȼ³һ֮һϰԵ۾ؿǰңԶ硣
·иɫˣʱֵһ·§ȥ£ɫ㲽Ųæ긾Ů׷ԲԵ໥·˼ңЩҳ򱧻ıĶװһӵСѣĺǵ˵ģ滹ѵ˿ڡ
̣ţǿһңԶ硣
ֿڵСڴ˷ظߺţ﷢ڵʲôͷǶˣַ¶ǮģҲġ
ǰǰ
죬ð̰峵ڳδɢİ賿һߺȣͷ֡
Խ˾͵Խ࣬ʱϣͻ᷺һƣȴҸ΢Ц
ȻӲʲôĴ佱ʲôģֻҪϿʱ쵽ʱͻһһȺͷһ߶΢Ц˵СйԿȥѧɣϿһҪŶֻôһ£оͻһ죬һ졣
֪Ϊʲô
Ϊ費ϲСС
һֱϲҰְҲϲ԰ְѡС͸Сˡ
һǺ˺еͷ
һֱ벻ףΪʲôҶϲСϲΪʱ˫ֵֿ̥ܱˣʵǺӡġ
ֱǰӴ˷˸˸ĹѪ
ʱֿİ峵ǶЩǸ̫̫ȱ˰СǶִأûһԱ߾վһСȦΧȺڣ׷վ̫̫Ǹ۵С첱Ӵֵģһ˵ûС
мһ̡
ҲѪڡ
ʮһδܣΪһ˿͸ִ˵ûǮ˷˵ѾˣӲ˵۾һʼͲɲģû˵Ͷðǰһȭһȭʹز𣡲ëǮԲ͸Զ㣡
һ̣ʲôǲòֻѪӿĻȵÿҪ緢
Сܴ֣ΪСУԱ裡ҪᣬСڵĲҸСҪͨͨҸ
Ǻȴ
ݺݵһƣ˺˰ѵ˿ڣ˿˿ʹȴյķѩľض
һΣҳ졣
죬ı˰Ժ켣ϵ£ϵˣȫ׵ظıһ׵ĹȥΪ̫أʹʱûЩСҸĵطպҲɱÿɳܡ
ֻѡ
Ѱ£бԶػ˼ҡ
Ȼð׼ȴû뵽ȴ˫ӭ
ǸůӦȴǱӲȥҲ޷Ӧ
ĳЩ飬û˾ûˣҲҲˡ
̵ִԽԽˣ״ΧȺڿʼԽԽ࣬һָűطСĲоͺǸӼƵģǺһɹŵȳٰ֮
顭һ죬װŴĳͻȻᵽһȥһѴ湾ع˴ϡ
£Ϸ¡صǳˡ
һ̣ƨ׼תˡ
ȴû뵽ʱһŮӰҰ

11 һηѵ



ͣס˽Ųٴ۾ϸؿ˿ûȻǷδҮ
混ı󣬿ٵڵϼЩĴҹĴ棬һѱ˾۷ȥŵ峵ϣžܻ
ģ混лҲǳţֻǹԶżţһվط
ڱŮɹصȼԼĺġ
ʱֹͣΧȺҲΪеȤɢȥֻǸ̫̫վڰ峵ԱһֱһЩʲôһ˳ִӳץһԼĴ˽ȥֵ׼ת뿪
˭֪ʱ˳ԾһĻˣ̫̫ĽŲһֳֻԭء
жһס̫̫ˣǱˣǷδҮ
׼ȥƽӣþĲˡδҮ˵һı䲻κһ˿С
ȱҵģ̫̫һʼã˼ϰ嶼û˵ʲôһСʲô֣
ϰĶС⣬ôһҲͦ׵ģ˼Ҿ͡δҮıȻģ˵Ļеģ۸˼ңû뵽ʱȴһ˫һԽ̫̫ͷ˹һӾͽƵڵأ
һ߽19ıδ󺺾һɽһ̫̫ǰŵڵصķδҮھһͨƿڴѾǴðģ˼۸𣿱ΪСͿŲðǸ
ʱ混Ͻ嵽δҮߣһߵͷ絷˵Ǹһ߷δҮ
Ǵ󺺲ûŹǣֵģһ混Ҳ
δҮӵȻһСȻ˱һ㵭ɫΣƶһ֮ǳǳչðͷһݡ
УһŮˣԼܲˣȻйΪǰܸˣ
˭أֻһİ˶ѣԣﻹҪվǷˣԭԼҲһӣţбԳЦһ̧׼ˣǡʱ򡭡
һǶ⣬žһ佫ڷδҮϡ
вٴͣס˽Ų
混ˣһʹس̫̫ͷǸһߴͳһǮݸ˴˵Ĵ󺺡
֪Լַˣһ̣ȥˣ
һѪӿֻԼǰǸǮĶ˱Ǿ仰Բ͸Զ㣡
·ȺӣѶλɹõǮ֮󼴽תȥĶ񺺻ӳһƴȫĳȭ
ǰκˡ
ֻǵһģĿڶ߼شСУҪСУ
Ҫ
ϣû㲻ҪͿԲҪĶԵģҲûҪͿԸĶǲΨһԼָӵģֻһǻѪȭͷˣ
ֻϧΰлӳȥȭͷûгɹغλ񺺣˸صķ
ԼȷҪԺˣ⸱壬ư˾Сװŵ˰ɣԣҲֻһƤˡۡѪ䣡󵹵صһֻ̣ɱ̾һղòԼķ֮٣



֪˶ã۾ӭģǷδҮһ鼱üͷ壬ۿ죬Ǽ΢΢⶯ͷȻðһźǣģʯһĹ⡣
һΪ֮
˰δҮ˵֮ͻȻƵֿЦ˳̫ˣ̫ˣˣ
ҪѲҲѹҪ𣿰ûƺһû뵽ȴδҮסˡ𶯣ˣϰȥҩ˺ܿͻģ㻹һ±ȽϺá
һ˵йȻ͸еͷһʹ΢˱ֿʵģ
СδҮͷش
Уصɴ۾һܣ죡Уд¶˻ͦ࣬ŵöƵģٵͷԼ죡ԼŵĵطȻǷδҮĴȣ
пɲʲô»ҵˣǴʱƽʱᲢ
ɻûǱСѾһĴ˵ҩƷˣŷδҮֺֽе˵ҩˡ
δҮδ˵ֱӾͽҩƷһһ򿪣ؿʼΪд˿
һ̣ذˡ
ǰķδҮһרעı飬ӿȥ·һԴĹһ˿ѩ׵ָɵڰеǰȥģһСƬҩˮζ
ҩˮ˿ʱȴΪδҮĶӯһ˿ʹ⼼ǿ飡
лرۡ
е¶ȣİĻȴĪһϤ¶ȣģĵģȫģ˶ů⣬ˣҪһֱȥĸо
ΪʲôΪʲôָо
뵽ͻȻ˸龪ѹһӵԲ۾ӷδҮһԾ

ͷ߰سЩûõɴžһﲻȥ
û߼ͻȻ˶һȻء

12 ҪػҪ¶




õȴôҲ۾θĴʹ綾һҧȫе񾭣ºҧס´˸ͼøصⲿʹڸǵʱŵڲʹ
δҮͷ˰̽θֶʱˣθʹ𣿡
ͷû㣬ֻǾ÷ǳһ޺޵ؽͷᵽһȥ
ϰ壬Үת混˵ҽ⳵ҽԺС
ƴȫץһѷδҮһƤＷ֣áȥҽԺ
δҮŤüë㡭
ַҡҡͷ
δҮЭˣҸطϢ
д˴ûٷˡ
⳵ܿͽеˣδҮ混һѰз˳û混ҲϳȥȥˣȻδҮϳųӱٵؿ
ΪϿůԵʰɣһеıʱͷ࣬ǰһֱĴʱҲԵسˣ¶һ̶̵ĺ޹ɵĴϢֻţȴʹ
ټһϾ͵ˡδҮذο
ûӦɽüͷһֻּҪû׺صͷһƫ˱δҮһߡ
θǴСͲãܸйأҲǸιйأǶ˻ССкܣͻ췴һ췴Ǿ۵øذûû˵ģֱ۵޲ֽｫǸ鹵θݺݵضٲʮ°ӵԽԶԽõĵز
ֻǴ֪
ҹ۵˯žüıʴθϣֱʼ⴩صֱӽһҲ߳֡
ҹˮֻһĸܹõ˯
ԣʹҲա
ڣΪ˭أ
뵽ԺһʹĺʹʹȫðʹƺȫǳӣҪ˱
δҮżһһѾ԰׵ɫ͸ӻһ߶˾˵˾㿪һ㣬һֻͷʰУôҪܲǻȥҽԺɣ
ǿһƤá
δҮһҧס˴
ʱͻȻ뵽ǸϣλҽðĦַлθʹģ˵ͽԼַǰ˹ȻԼůůŽָ˰еθϡ
мʶضһ£һαδҮֹˣ𶯣˵
£ظодʱθӲһڲһһģδҮһ߻Ȧһ߲Ťü
ӺܿͣˣδҮ˳ѣת³Ȼָе˹ȥһС·𣿡
ûطһۣûδҮ־͹Գǿ³ˡ
ɸһ³ûվȣµһ½ʹʱϥһµȥ
δҮֱ۳סһ鼱ػһ
ݣȫǰһһȵ壬ɢǰʱЩ
˱۴˿Խ
δҮ˸еֱۼԼļȻǰȥ
ȥĶԺһ䡣
ҹϢҡδҮ
ûˣҲûټˣŷδҮļʼ鸡ĽŲҡҡλεظǰߡ
ʶģ֮ǰһֻ̣ǵ뷽δҮһ¥һڰȻһѻķ䣬ͣһưܲɳǰڣɳλģ벻ʹı
ɵױס΢΢ȫһš
δҮֱһޱʱذס˰вѵ壬ȻڰеĶʵҳȥθҩ
ûӦͷůޱһȥ
Ȼ˷δҮתŵһĹ֮ٴһƬš
ʼڴڵشϢϵֶǸ췴θʩԸֱУ࣬󣬾ĳƵģôﶼùݡֻ翹׵θȻһɫҲޣ˱ԽԽҵƣ죬ɱθȰҰиɱ˰ɣ
ȵδҮŴŻĶһ·ܲʱɳϵİѾʹֻʣžͿҪιȥˡ
ҩˣټһŶһ˵ţδҮһȥˮˡ
ˮδҮ»صеɳ϶ָذҩŽҩƬеĿиֵˮ
ʵʺѣǰлǺŬؽҩƬȥֺ˺üˮ³һɻصɳ
ҽ˵ҩҪһЧܻټһ¡δҮ˵
۾һۡ
ΪСһЩ΢΢Ǻ죬ȴúƯСһЩζ
΢̾˿֪ôӦֻˣһصһȻֱ۾תһȥ
ʵ˵ûһŮչ˹ʹǹȥǸ
֪ΪӲʾǸûһں
ʱôôĮضҲǷǰ޷ˣȴʼءǰδҮ˵زͬȴͬһǿ

13 ν



ޱ¶ȽЧ˵θʹ絶ʣٲոеǵغ䣬ðػָһЩԿ
ҪȵˮôδҮԱ
ɬɬҡҡͷüɽա
ֹһδҮʣӶڶ12ˣҪҪҳȥ㣿
ʱ㹻θй˹ҡͷҡˣֱתͷڡ
ǿ˰вӣδҮûˣֻһ䣬˯һ°ɣҳȥˡ
еģ֪ΪһһûɵĹ¶ͻȻȻʵڸ㲻Ϊʲô͸ù¶ϰߵǴðֹ¶УƺһȻʹһס˷δҮ֣ߡ
˻Ƶɤʱһֲ԰㲵ζ˶̡
ǷδҮûٶ
ãһ˵ţȻɳϯض۾ŰԾɽ۾Ĳ԰׷
Ϊȫû뵽δҮɵشӦҪӺ󣬰һ۾
Ŀԡ
ƺ˲ֹ
δҮƽˮСϣʱʲô鶼ûУӰ׹ѵһ׿ˮ
еϣȴ˻ңѽ
һӴɳ۾ֱֱصŷδҮ촽һһģƺ˵ʲô˵
ôˣδҮЩĵü΢ڶϴһССĵĽᡣ
ǰ˲һƬģ
Ǿ

Ǿ
طδҮûӦˣɫص̽˰еĶȻյѾˣ㷢ˡؾ
һӱشͷ
һΣҳߺ󲻵СʱͷˣͷۻغòײҵһƲֿ⣬һ߽ȥԵһֱյȫǾһֵ
ʱˮʳԸιҩڰյԺʱǾͷϸĵΪþƾ޲Ƥ¡
Ǿᣬᣬﶼܹܵģˮһ顣
Ҳֻ˶ѡ
Ǿϵط߽ૣ˫ѽʼ޷Խ
δҮԵԽϵỽŰе֣ҡ壬
ࡱһкȻԤͷȥһڡ
δҮתͷһ³ȫǸոպȥĿˮƺһЩϸ΢ķ׵ĶȻǰܽҩƬ
һ·δҮŻˣѾֻУϴ120ȥҽԺ
м龰ʱջԭθת˰ס˷δҮ֡
ô򡣡
ǡ
ƳһۣŴɳվ
δҮһӱס˴ӵһ𣬡ȥҽԺҸô죿
нԭأĬؿǰͻȻЩֲ֧סķδҮƺڵһϵı֡
ƺҲеԼδҮЩյҧҧžָһѶͷǣвӦȥҽԺôңҾӲȥĻСͻɴ󲡣ʱ͸ʹˡ
лǼĬƺһҲΪ
ֱãͻȻ³һ䣬ҪҲһһһ¾ͻߵġ
˵ʲôδҮڱشȥҽԺΪҪ֮ǰô࣬Ҷûкúõشлôܻأѵ㿴ڵ𣿡
һͨЩСС𺳵һֱҪľʵİУ̧ƤôôΪҪң
ǰôˣһʱ֮䣬δҮƺЩϢȣ˼ӦСֿʼ΢΢Ǻ졣
ߡش𣬰ֻһߣҡҡλεشɳվ
δҮ̷ӦѸٵַһѡ
ضֻ֣ÿ˷С㡣
δҮסԭء
еѸٵһ˫ԭͺİ޵ʱɢһƬŨڵһ㿴ɫҲһǱ鲼Ƶ죬ˣϲһһοǸͲΪҪ㣬ֻԼˡ
⻰ķδҮûаò˼Ǹס˰еֱۣһ˫䣵۾ǿִֵؽôҲҺˣҲΪҪ㣬ԼҪչ˺Ͱˡ
бµԶԡ
µθٶȴһĴʹʹҪȥƺһ˱
δҮһϽɻصɳϡ
ģˡ
ĵףڱһش
裬裬СкۣСк۰

14 ҵһ



һ߳ڣдŸķ磬ϴ̵ۣƺһ㶼Ϊ⡣
̫̫Ļʼըһ㲻ͣڶ߷زһ˰ýϵŶֻͦţ
Ϊⷿ㣬δҮһֱãҲΪˣ̫̫Ż޹˼ɵض˵¡
ûδҮˣ˵⼸һԵһĲվȥ
ĿŷδҮпҪõһһڣ
һһسǰȥäȵصڴʱԵЩտĽֵֹµ쳹š
ǵģδҮһǺ飬δҮأҲȻذһ㣬ҲǺģֻǣҪô
ʱڣתʱһǱ˴˹ʱһǣ֣簮ӰǾݳ޶ƽػӻһУֱһУʣµģֻл䡣
ѿδҮɬǣ֣ȴΪҲδҮֽδҮģǵǷݰ
תäȵתǣӭϮһ磬˲شһô죬δҮȴҪһȥÿˣҪԺΪ
һӳƵҪϢͣס˽ŲһžЩʧǽбȥ
ǰʼһһ»õƬһδҮһʱЦ绨һǻ֮ʹʧһǽǰδҮһǽнԶδҮʱ˵Ҫ̾ͼҪϾͽӵԼĻҪеظӦĺˣδҮδҮ뿪ңҪô죿
ǰһ󷢻裬ؿڴһʹ˾׹һޱȣ֣ץסȻڴڵشϢ
磬ҪǾͷ
ܾȥʹʵ˵زпᣬڴ˿̣һ޿κεķʽȥʹʹδҮһҪ뿪Ҳ
ҪһݣϲܵİӦþͶԵ˰ɡ
뵽һҧҧһؿڣȻͱһǰȥ
߽õ꣬Ǹ̨ϰͷʺãȻһĻףȻĹ̨
пڵͷһãȻͿʼĬع
ʱһһعȥ֣ЩᣬǽָҪĿ˻Ǻܶ࣬δϢһֱͣȥ
緹ʱϰеһСû°ɣɫ̫ðҪҪϢһ£
ҡͷˣҺܺãϢ
ϰû˵ʲôˣֻļˡ
һԵһλͬºȻ߹˵ϰˣ
һһɫ˲仯ô֪
쵽ûϣϰˣ˵ϰһҪ㡣
ʲôһһԽĻһѾסͬµ⣬ϰô˵
ϰ嵱ȻûдӦǣЩ˿ɲʲôƲԡĻһҲûҪȥˣվǵײײſȥ
˭֪ûߵϰǶſһӭ١ʾµĿˡ
һԣĿˣϰǰ岽֮Զĵط
һס˽Ų
һӰصؾ࣬һԡ
һһһʱ仹δӦ
һֱʦղԽ죬صظԡͳɳƣӦλʮӣֻϧȾơ
ҡһ΢΢һףתߣ롣
˻߹˴һѶԵһֽ࣬һ䣬ȥš
ǡӦһȻȥˡ
ĪƮһɽŵգԭλʦһģʱ֪ΪΣֻʣһһˡ
¡һԿĳ̬ȲƵ塣
Ƴһȴûжֻ˫۾ζشһԵģͳ鴤
ʦҿĦʦ⹤׬òôƵؿˣžػεһԵĸǰضһ˫ɫֿն۾һǺ˵̲ζڵһ˲̱ǵشһԵıǻǵʱЩθҿʦһ˲ģӦǿҵõĹģôȤ˽˽ô
һԵͷ̬ȴɲˣҺϲ⹤
ߡ˺ȻЦϲ˵ϲ⹤
һûٻش֪ⲻƣǾͽֱֱͦģκЭ֮⡣
Ȼ챻ץ𣬡һԣ;㲻ϰôϵĽѵȫ𣿡
ԭˣһЦһұǣɲһ
һȭͷ佫ʱһƬһԣҪѼԵҹܻᣬֻҪѸ·Ϳ׬ƱݵĸţģĦʦȻܸ㵽ҵͷǻòͷˣ
ȭͷƵ佫һȴ㶼û㡣
ĻҪģǣΪԾҪĬĬһҧ𴽽ȭͷҪȥʱ򣬶ͻȻһŮžһĶ⣬žһж֮ηĶ⣬ȴȻһԵϵģһһ
˭׼ֳգŮһ쳹СС

15 



˭һԳʵ
һζǽţһŨҵˮζʦ˼ܾˡ
һüɻɫһ㵽˭ͷԲţʼտնǰ
ҽǣԽǽ㡣Ů΢Ц˵žͽԼصؿαϣ˷˴̶֨ѽһ
һٴεһԼġעӡ򣬡ǽ㣿ʶ𣿡
һ£ȴûֱӻشʱſڴ˽Ųžһͳ˵ǽ㣬ҩ
һ¡ǽ˵
Ȼ󣬾һ˴һǿҵˮζһ˹ֱؿʼΪϵ˿ҩ
ҹƲŻǰСȥʦҴǸϣʦܴдԭǵһʱ³ç
һƿ˰ҩ˵֣һվˡ
һһ¡Ȼ΢΢˲ӣضǰ쳣ӣĳ
վһԵԭҪѵȴסˣʦΣһҩɣȻ˿Ҫ׵ġ
ҪʾǸ⣬ԭ·ͻأҲ֪һԼ˵
⻰ššü̧һ°ʾ뿪ȻΧһȦȻ󿪿˵ʦܸң۾äǺϹ𣿡
ʲô£
һֻ֣شһԵļ磬ûʲôʡ˵䣬ֽһԵĲʵʦһֱãѵʦңһӡû𣿡
ԲûСһԿƵ˶㣬Ȼ˵һȥ
żˣʦͶһɣң¶Ҫʦæأ˵ţǵ־Ȼ˳һԵұһ·ȥͣĿϣϢһԵıʦʵС˵㣬ǻ˵ûģһ˲ĵˣôһֱһССİĦأ
һ޿һѸٵ˿ȥҵسſ£㲻Ҫأ˵ţתʼѰţΪңҲΪ̫İʹ룬Եþ͸ͷӬһЦżײǽ֮ߺ޵ǽڣҳȥ
˭֪ǲûţһͷĻرס֣ʦʦʵңѾϲܾˣԵĻҵרĦʦ𣿡
ŮǸӣŮ˾ǸӣһһֵشţһʹȫҪŮ˶գǣȻҲѲſңſңҳȥȺӣӣ
һǶ⡰žһ£أǲһϣӦǣΪϾͼ˳
ûü̫ˣһԸϽô˻˳ȥ
һ·ײײرȥȻûһ㷽УֻҪԶǸӣǾǳ·
һ·ĿİģطͨС΢һ£ܵĿҲ̫ãӦòʲôסլСɣȻôŨľζ̲ζѵʲôӪҵôһֱǰߺˣӦþûˡ
ʱӭ洫˶Ի
˶٣
ˣһӻ𡣡
ôˣ
һȫҵĿˣɺһǸСͰǼҵľȫˣˣ
С˵δҮ
ɲǣԼúÿ㣬ʹ̵ľЩ۰˵ôﲻֱӰԼ˲ǿǮߡ
˵иϹӣǵҰԲôƴ
ߣң˵˭û˰˰ʲôģƾʲô۾͵ĿŵⰡ㿴ҽô˻δ䣬ֱѱһס
˼һ£ո˵ķδҮǵͬϰܸܲңʲôܸܲңʲôط
ȻóȻֵһԵóȻֵһȴһѹͳͳش
λҹܻᣬδҮľˮӦòͬ£ֻ˵ͬС
ҹܻ᣿ˮһһأظһ飬ģȴ˲׹Ԩٴֱֻɫصܲ鷳㣬ҵδҮ
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ǷδҮġ˵һԺȻһ£Ǻܿͽӿ˵ĸ硣
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ллһӲصһлȻ͸Ůǰȥ
һ·ϣһԵҼˡ
ҹܻᣬˮδҮ㵽ʲô
ԣΪҪοһΪҪ˺ңһԶ˵ôɿ𣿷δҮδҮ㵽׶ʲô
Խ룬ľͿʼԽʹʹʯ֮һ㣬صһޱ޼ѭľ޴УȻ֮û
֪˶ãʱ߿ʼһƳֵĵ籩һûϣ
һ£Ұȥ
ллл֪ΪΣһͻȻ;ЩĻȻ˶㡣

16 ֻʣǮ



ʱΪҩЧõԵʣɳϵİڽ˳˯
ֱ˿̣δҮ³һ֮ǰһֱŵ񾭣վߵϴּһˮȻȡëšһطڰеĶͷϡ
һӴ̼ʹвسء˻һüͷ
ˣǺܰüͷδҮȻûͷûԵðһ䣬뿴ӵһμ濪ʼǰ˾Ǹϲüͷ໰һҲ˹ĿɰļһһԣһҲһ
δҮϵë˸棬ȻɳϾؿŰС
һԣģģģõþһʹˣȴǸȫ˴̵ģ޴ֵһϰ£뵽δҮȻЩЦƵģҾȻЦЦһ׾ģµģȴǱ˴ڵصģ
ǣζǸأǴֱģģģһģȴƺǸȺܵ˺ļһֱһֻ⬣ԣһֻ⬣ĸڼ̵µģ⬣
ʱ԰еĿӿڴֻûκηӦδҮŵؽι
УҰС
˯ǡ
飡ȻҲ˯ڸɱģϸҽӵ绰
δҮһΪ绰ԵЩףֱ󵽼͸绰ֱӻĤګګӦ£ҽڣܽӲĵ绰
˵ʲô绰Ż
ˣոճԹҩڻ˯Կܡ
˭
ǷδҮ
δҮԷһĬŬ˼ûһڻȻһػسһ䣬Ŷԭ㣡
ţңϣҪлҽ
ôһ𣿡

㲻˵ˣĵַϾ͹
δҮһһرַ֮ʱûʱɳϵİѾˣһ˫ţضŷδҮȳ⣬ڸʲô
ʱѾյ˵ַҹҶ˵绰ηδҮ˽֮ĶԹվƽػش˵ҽĵ绰˵ϾͿȥ
ΪϢŤһţһѶ˷δҮֻڵһ´ɳվ˭ҽӵ绰ģһһ䣬ͻǰһ󷢺ڣ˻壬ҪǰԵȥ
ҿδҮֿؼʱס㻹ûأϢɡ
кݺݵƿصüͷ׼ʣ
ϲȴ־ܾ˶İ𣿡δҮ̲סһ䣬˫Ŀػصɸһʼ;ܾ磬Ǿ͸ɴ಻ҪȥκˣҲͲҪرˣ
رЦһȻͷƽ˷δҮȻֻҪرԲŵһеĶ˵ҪñķʽرԸ𣿡
δҮ΢Ʈһ˿ңǻʹù㣬Ը⡣
еԽȥȻ˾ֻ˵˵ţһס˷δҮ°ͣһһһأǽϣͣһһ˵ǺãҸЩǮͲûˣԵĻծ䣬Ĵѷ˷δҮĴϣҿٵĥ
ž
һ⣬϶ָɴػڰеϣ
δҮû˵һ仰
ûκζֻǳЦС㲻˵ֻҪҸ˾ʲôԸ⡭
ž
һǣ
δҮͨ۾ٵӯˮǣûٻ㸻ֻֻʣǮ
ж˵ֽδҮٴ§˹Խס˷δҮĴ
ȫͷԻ
δҮƴţڰебһŤߡ
һΪı֮Уһͬʱȼˡ
ǵԣӲѣǣ
δҮſһŮžͳĿ
δҮƴȫƿ˰Уתͷ⡣
ǣǸ㣬һŮͰ͵˵˵˵硣
ţ֪ˣллǡδҮŬسһҰ׵΢ЦңϾ
ŮһֶŰʹؿ˺üۣ뿪ˡ
δҮֺ̧ݺݵزԼ촽ƺ˲ݵ۹ʵҲȷˣһԣɴûҪκ˴κλãУȴҰ
һ߲һ߱ӵؿŰУǮһᾡ컹ϣ㣬Ժ󶼲Ҫٳҵǰ
бڻûңжݺݵضһ䣬˵Ҿ뿴˵ĻرǸʲô
㣡δҮᣬŤüͷ˼һصС
ʱٶȱòҰһƬҲİط·ҹʱĺ̵أһһ˵˵ҵ˼ǣҶȤˣ
δҮϣһ˿ǣףҲǰˣֻǰؾãҲԺԺҪʼ֮ˡǣһԡ

17 Ůҵ



һһֱվȻ۾ܸовϴжˣЩˣפһӡ
֪ǸΣǳѲˣԱ˶Ĺ۲涼Ӧģʱ˲һЩ
Ӷ⣬ԷһƬҪһغ
ǰˣһ·ֵȵ߽ˣȴ͵һײһԣƾоӦһľʵأײļѴһʹȴ˵Բ𣬡ȻԶԾһ
˻һ·Զˡ
һʹδҮȴÿҪֻ˴򽻵Խѹ
֪˶ãһֱڴһԣ
ǰٸнȥȴδҮʱͻȻݺݵ˦δҮô
һԡ
һԷס˷δҮϱۣն˫۽ضŷδҮϵıԵЩԿصŤ˵ںר﹤Ķ԰ɣֻҪڵվվ̨Ϳ˶԰ɣңôһ£Ϊʲôҹܻ᣿Ϊʲôֵطƣ
һ˵δҮ˵̧ͷ΢ЩһؿһԣˮۿתȴŬͼ΢Ц˶࣬ǵһĵطô
һȴûжֻǶϿʼðһһʲô˵ϸߣ
ߣȥ
ȥҪ뿪һԱŭػش
ԡδҮش𣬡һԣȻҹܻᣬֻƵġ
δҮһԴغȶΪһֵط𣿡
һԡδҮͼ΢Цͼһ侲֪˶ԲԣһңʲôĵطҪǣһҡ
һһ˦˷δҮֱۣ˵δҮƾʲôһ㣡
δҮʱסˣŴŵ飬ʼܿƵػ˲Ūʪ
һᣬͬʱҲһǻɫۿδҮ㻹һǸˣͲҪȥ
δҮһӾҧס˴ʹĸоһضסĺ
ûһԲΪĸҪǮңԸȥδҮκηʽƲң벻Ҫַʽһԣֵ
ЩδҮڱһǰӵסһԣĻһ˵Ҫ˵һԣ˵ĻҪ˺ҵҶ㡭
Ҫ˺ҵģһԴغȶ˷δҮĻž˫ŷδҮСļ磬ͷʹض˵ңƭңǶΪ㺦ҵҲˣΪʲôҪֵطõصµĸĸ֪ζǽң˶û취ȥ֪֪𣿡ЩͻȻͺһƿ˷δҮžתȥؾסԼؿڣڴڵشϢ
һԡδҮʱŵϽַסͷסʣһԣô𡭡ҪҩҪҪҸ㵹ˮһԡһԡ
һԽüͷĬһƿԾɹϢʣֻݺݵҧŵľ޴ʹʹܿͷ亹ľ
һԣؼҡδҮſ˵
ȻأһԱסһ
Ȼ󣿡δҮֿʼˡ
Ȼ㻹ǻصЦŸЩƹľƶ𣿡
һԡδҮɫػش𣬡ֻ֪һݹѣϣܹ⡣
˵ݶˣһԻʲô˵˱ֱŬؿڴ޴ʹͼɣҲˡ
һԡ
һԺȻҵһЦδҮԲ𡣡
һ䡰Բ𡱣δҮֻԼľͿҪˣһ̣ĺ˵һԣһԣõģĻϾ뿪뿪ҹܻᣬ뿪ľˮΪʵһҲʵңһ֪ʵʹһУҺ޲ýҪЩȫ飬޲ýЩ֮Ҳһһ߷ɣǣһԣȴ
ĸΣһ𳹵״ݻˣ۵ףжʧҵĵףһ˿ڣÿεҿǼį˿ڱոһѪȻʼʹŶһԣʵ˵زпᣬֻ룬Ŭ뻹ԭ㣡⣬Ҫʱ䣬ҲҪ
̫۰ң̫ʧŶһԣĲҪ˺㣡㣬ңҵҪܲ˺㣡
δҮסŬԼĿ֮
ʱһˣվԶһĻյ۵ס
һϹӣһϣиһˡ
ĬĬصһ̣۾䡣
ˣδҮһٶζȴҲޱƣ۵ضһת뿪
˭֪ȴδҮһѳסţҲֱȦסˣһϤֳҵǣסĴסĺסе˼벻
ʱһֱվԶİЩ˼صɴ۾磿ãǰһĻô£
ǻڼǰһǵҹĻ˿һһʼЩңǺܿЩˣַߵһƿδҮҪټң
ïȻƿķδҮȻȫ޷һԵһӦʱ˵
ʱ֪Ķһֻ֣һץ˷δҮ󣬸ʹضһŭȵιϹӣŮҵģң˭ҲûʸСеģ

18 Ĵô£



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һԵϣԷɹһƬӸ˼仯ɫԾʣʹһѹֵķŭ˭˭
һԡδҮӾתһҪͼһԽʲôһƴѰеգǣȴȻҲѲ
кݺݵץҧŶŭĿӣȻʱӦһʵ𰸣ȻŭһҲŹŮˣ
δҮƴ۾һ̲ˮ˵ؿһԣߵĿһ㣬˲Ŀá
ĬһԵģԽ׹뺣Ժɲʱܹ̫̫˵Ǿ仰һ˰ýϵŶֻͦţѵǰˣǷ̫̫˵Ǹˣ
һļ£һʹȫһ鴽ƫͷΪķδҮķδҮشң˭
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ȫԽһƬš
δҮ󾪿ֵ۾ضסУһʱ侹⻰ŵʧ
ôǽ£㻹û㡮硯˵ôлץŷδҮ󣬱񶾵صһһ˵˵δҮǿɶǳˣҲôġ硯ɡ
һԵ壬Щʧ˻Ρ
˵ʲôֱʱδҮһطӦǷһ˦˰жգҸ߸ߵ֣һȥͽԵ˸ֱӴ򵽵ȥ
ǻδȵ֣ץס
۵ףһ˿Σһ˿ޣһ˿ȻչƽޱƽأһЦδҮ˵ˣҶȤͲҪˣǳġ硯ֱ˵˰ɣ˵ϵЩʱİģǷŵ͵ģǣȴһ·ȣҡ
δҮģΪһǿġ硯̵ִһƬۣһҧ˴ᣬȴһӱУ𷢷裬Ҹ磬ҵġ
δҮ˭֪ʱһԵһȴͻȻش˷δҮδ˵ĻȻǹŹֵһЦǰ֣ţǣ԰ɣμ棬δҮĸ磬Խһԡ
δҮסˣỨۿ
ҲסˣһʱЩס˺
һԻأԵ֣˫ɫĿտҲۿʲôŷ·ʧȴ˺Ĳ԰׵·ֻһֽˡ
θһӽʹҧҧȴһ㶯ҲûУʱʾǰվŵˣҪܶ࣬ȴΪλһҲоԼǿ
ûлӦһջ֡
ŤŤüһʱ䣬Ҳ֪μȥˡ
δҮˣδҮȻˣ뿴ǶôȻ°˵Ҹ֮ʲôݶûУôһԣǸϹıʲôʸסǣסΪҷôࣿȻѾҵµİˣˣҽҲǮӦñҸܹδҮҸΪʲô֣
뵽һԵǣȻһĨ΢Ц
ֻЦԼҲͬʱؿǰǸһĨ΢Ц֮һ̱ķδҮܹʱŷδҮҲͲ¸ȥˡ
δҮңȻȥˡ΢Ц˵һ䣬ͳƣȻתȥ
һԣ˭֪δҮȴӱһѱס޺һԣҪߣҪߣһߣģԺʲôģҲҪˣҲҪˣһԣԲ𣬶Բһԣ̫ˣԲ𡭡
ʲô
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һ꣬׷Ǿı˵ǾǾϲ㣬ϲ㣬ҵŮѣ
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סˣֽ˵ȻûǮԺŬģһ׬ܶܶǮ𣿡
ǾȴܾöûӦȵߵǰʱȻһǰķȻĿ˵ؿ˵ҵȲôУھҪǮ
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ʱһŭĺȣУ
ѵ̧Ƥߵķʹȫطһ
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δҮ˲ֹ˿תһɻػЩˣǣʲô
ûʲôСãʱһ΢ЦһߵδҮߣɫ˵е£Ҫ̸̸
һΧס˷δҮδҮŮˣߡ
ŶŶδҮŻŵӦ
ǣȻû߳ɣǼδִ˷ץסһá
СòҪģ̸һһȥͷİɡٴζԷδҮһЦȻ󣬾ͰͦصشŴ󲿶ˡ

19 ܽ



һԣտƵ˷δҮһ˺ѷεĺнĽŲȴһλǵƺĴ󺺸ԭأι㣬Ҫ£
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Ѿ˵ùˣ̸ǽȻȥģµģСԼ£ȻѺԣݻ֮ۼǽǻѾԶս֮⣬콫ķδҮһתȥ
δҮסʱʧش
üͷУô£
зһ۸ûҪӦĻֻƴȫθһ絶һʹĴɫ΢΢ףԳ鶯
ЩջһѣȻת׵˷δҮǰС㡭
δҮûӦڿޣЩŻˡһһٲάǿƵǽ߿ŵİĿʼû뿪δҮҧҧﷺһ֪޵ĸܣԼΪλĪδҮһһԳ
С㣬С㡭
һٺ£δҮ̧ͷᣬһĲҰףԽҽǲһػһ÷·̾ͿԱһɢȥҽڿ϶Լ֮һӾͼǿˣֽץסֱۣˮ֮ڼ˸ľ֮мԱһ۷Ź⣬ҽңҾȻһԣ𣬿ңҵġû˵꣬ȴȻһ˹ȥ
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ʲôԽЩջصУ㲻һ«ﵹҪʲôҩ
ĬĬؿһǻ״̬˫۽յķδҮȻ󣬼ᶨ˵ҼңȻȥҽԺȡҩע䡣˵꣬ѹԵӣһѱ˷δҮ̤ȥ
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ҪûǮ飬жֿжϿң׿άϵã
жԲȻϲ㣬㣬Լ׵ܵһҡһ꣬Ǿ˵һ֦̣ﲻͣʼնı飬İҹһⶼûУֻһƬ׵ĺڰ׹׹ԣ벻ҪٰˣУҲֵҡ
Ұ㣬Ұ㣡еأ嶯أƴȫغᱼӿ£㣬Ұ㣬ԿΪһУ
ȥǸԼǸ嶯ɣçײ֪νɵСӣֻԽظԼһЩ
ƨİ飡
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20 ˭



ţһ·߿ɢһصĸտڰΨʣǴδĴ϶͸һ⣬һ㣬ѩ׵ıʯʵذϡ
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ң߳ߵһֱӿɳλվסͷȼһ̺ƿһСζ
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δҮҡҡͷҲҪȿɡ
鿴һڴϼûİУ³һ䣬ν

21 ˭ݻ



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ŻŻһһҺӿ˺ǰƬ׵ĺڰ

22 ƴղ



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飬ͷǱ߰ضһѵĴʯ
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ḧָ⣬ʱճȭһü˵Ա΢΢ǳ
δҮĵ绰ײ鵽ûУѹŤͷ

23 ҪҪ



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˰ΣһȴȻؿ˵绰δҮ

24 ֮Ҳ



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δҮأڰеĴǰ˺һ
ʱǰһԳ治ٶȣٵؿԼĴԡ
˵һԣϸ΢ϸôУһӿµٲͷ£Ѹٵѱܵ͸ʪ
ȫѱܵʪ͸
߳䣬ԳĹ
ǰæ
δҮ߹ȥࡣ
һɫˮУཹཱུطţſţ·ܸоһſСʵеһ

25 ͷŵĺ



ʱ򣬷δҮ飬ҽǰʲôأ
һùŹ࣬һ߻عͷŷδҮһЦС㻹ǶвȤ𣿡
δҮÿɷ
ƺѾЩϰ˰к˵Ӧʽ
̨ϿǼΪϵΧȹҲֵĸ飬һֵš
ҪʱʹǲҪһʹԼעʹǱ˵ġ
δҮһЦҿҽ԰Щְֺ޵ζȴֶ޲ߡ
ͷһݣͷסδҮ
˭֪δҮδ۾ǿ֪ǰģССһŲҪǵСһĲ鲻ԸĿҪͼȴ־ίҪתˣȴ־òԸȴˣԼѳһС
һ׹
ϸϸᣬİա
˵ˣʵ˵Լ
˵ǲͬʵϣȴͬĿ
鳤̾˿ǰһƬʡ
и˫̥磬аǣҵİˡڡ
δҮתͷ
µİ಻ϵٵؽ۾ƬһƬʪ
Ǹܺõˣңܰˮ䦳ԭۿͬЩˮٵؽʪ
кˡΪΪŮȥΪ˰ȴ֪Ǹˣʵңˣһ飬ڳɹرƳԼᣬŵģ̵ᣬѸػӣ䵽̵ͬİѸܻ
޴˿ڣҿһֱҪͼڸǵḶ̌Ѫֱܵʵ
һƬһƬȳŧƵʳ
ŧǺޡ
Һȭͷݺݵش̨ŤĿ¶׹⣬Һ޲
ǷŲ𣿡δҮʡ
ûлش
Ϊ˵ģ׵ܵܡδҮģһȻƣƮƮģű߼ʵģڼڣδֻܷ֣Ҫģûϵ
ཹཱུİ࣬ʼնڲϵطţš
ҪȻ֪յĴ𰸣
δҮùЩճ׵ĲشȻٴλϽȥ
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ȻҽδҮͣסеĶĿᶨס顣
˭
СδҮģȴǲݷ˵УԼ
ڵİУʱط˸ڱһźڰ֮Уһᣬĵػ¡
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Сط룬С߹֣Уô
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вüǸвŮļһҲ㼼ܼˡ
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ҪԼԡ
ˣֲ㡣δҮֹĶȻޱȻһش֮ι˰еĿС
Ŵİ࣬ɺ븹ǻͷŵף䦿һʵů⣬һһ͸ԭѾӲ֫ٺ
ŬسС룬վЩＫˣδҮҲǿ룬˯һɡ
δҮ磬û°ɡվˡ
δҮȻ˺һ֪ҲӦãû°ɣ
ʲôش𡣡üͷ
δҮתһһʣУ֪һԲҸ磬ҵѣҵˣ㣬˱һŮ˸ˣã»ûأ
һӦˡ
δҮҲþöû˵ССļ򣬿ʼںڰһһµس鶯
֪Ķһɳ嶯кȻֱӣ쳤ֱۣδҮǶССļ磬§ԼĻ
ʲôҲǣֻǼһССĳ鶯ŵļ硣
ʮǰǸںڰһһССļ硣
Сǰȥرס裬裬Ϊʲôѽ衭СвҪޡ
ʹССİУҲܸоһ̵裬һСļ磬ԲŻᱳôССһֻСԣǸǶȥİְ֣ͬҲޣǸ˼ҹϴİ
ΪޣԳ֮İһϲûУᷳһжˣĸѾˣô˼ҹСٻʲôã
ŭƿ˰֣𣬡û磬ȥԽԶԽá
ǰȴʼЦӯӯؿʹۿˮȴʼն΢ЦӯӯУԲС
ŷδҮıްɣһ㡣
ҵʹɵµθݺݵش͸ȫһεʡ

26 ҪҪ



ոգʣһԣνİ飿
ûлش
ʱ򣬽飬᲻̫ݳޣ᲻̫Ц飬޴ʵǰһֻˮ̫ϣһѲƬ
һر˱ۣͷʼһһسʹ
ǣվԭأ΢΢֪ǱãǱŵġ
ؿƱһʯѹ֪ǿʯ˼
ǸˣǸˣǸʲôӣ
ǸǸţδҮѣˣһݣǿ׳ɿ㹻Լ
ǹȥһضԼ˵һԣ˭û취δҮߴߣΪˣϷδҮΪˣϣΨһһԴҸˡ
ڣ˵
һԣνİ飿
ǵģνİ飬νİ飬ֻбذֹΡ
ڣһУ֧顣
֮ǰһֱƽһһƽ޲ضȹζҹľţǵӵǵǣһУôؼȻ
ǣ죬һУһֱ˳˳ˮڰ·ϵгȴͻȻ֮ӣ઼ȻǺǿ˼ǣסˡ
һƬеģذΣһء
ϢԽؿڵʹѪҺ鶯һȦһȦοȻ󣬳طŴ󣬷Ŵγһ޴׵Уû
Ҳ󿴣ȥãʹãҲѾȥˣҲץûֻǣҪǰǰȴʵ̫ڰˣһƬصĺڰҲһǰĹ⣬·һֻ޷ĹޣſһѪڣʱ׼ʳ
ǵģڣãˣˣԥˣ޳ܵˣ
һԣķֱͣȴȻ޷ƵĲתתң
ûжҧס촽
ûҽתң
ǿ۾ͼҲ۾ҲϹˣôһҲν˰ɣ
һߴţһתһߣذһԵļָ̫ԵʣԿһԼ粿·Ǽָѹ˼ޡ
ʹԱǵʹֱ̫΢ˡ
תһų򣡣
ոպһ䣬ǰһֱӲδƶһְһͻȻͷӡ
һӣͱǰ˹ģֱ㶵ӭһԣһرԭеƣַһԵļϣ΢΢ǰ㣬˵ƣһԣֻ30ֵľ롣
ݵۿն񣬲԰׵ɫҧһӡ촽һ˵Ǿǿǰܵı飬ӵأ˾ĵʹ
һĨɫζЦãڡˣӣȻ
㵽һ˳
һЦңû˵䣬񣬾ԽػҰȥ
ǽһڻǷˣһһԵļ磬תڣرһֻǽ˳
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ССѩϸϸƮ¡
ϷټѩԽʪ̬صǲ񱱷ѩӯǿȥһЩʪģصģ䵽Ϻѻܿͱһ̲ˮǵĽŲص̤ȥ֮ҲڣʪʪճճؽǵĿȣһϵƤһֱĵס
ۿ
תؿһһαתȥģѩ׵ޱֻ¶ͷİӰ
ǰνİνİأ
ҪشӦҲǻش𲻳ɣ
š
ΨвϵڳһƵʷŵ
·ֻǸƵġ
򣬵ϢһеϢ
һγĬһֱҹɫ١
ҽѲʿεҩˮͣһٴιΪһƬš
ڴߵϣޱһԣԷ
ϵӰһδ
һԷӴȡ
ϵӰĬǿؾһ̺ӵ׵ʯͷͷϵˮʹվɹִسĬĬسĬ
TMD ԷһŴҪɱǽǰҪҪˣԷûУ
컨յܵɢİɫߣһǵͷϣǰЩɢķ˿ԭΪԵЩŤݸһ

֪һеˣһǰŵɫ
ֻһûС
ƽ޲
ΪΪä𣿻ΪͲмһ˰ɣ
һԣѾǲһˣغ
һԵУԵس鶯һ¡
Ǹ˵ģTMDԷ

27 ǰķ



лڱ
ķδҮһֻССèǰδе˳ؿǰƤؿǳŵĳǼðȵĺż׹䵽ϵһˮ
һ˵ĻһԶˣ
СδҮһֱܰޣʵһ׿޵ŮӣˤˣǶ˶ˣżһοԿˣޣΪֻ֪ҪһޣһԾһ߹ظͷӰΪһƬľʵա
ЦǿޣܣߣֻҪ뿴ԶյһͶĿ⣬ģůģģĿ⣬ңԶȴУһ㣬ֱָġ
Ҳ˵ûйڷδҮĿУһԣǰͦΣߴһôΪްģĵģ۾ҲٺǰһƬ޴ޱߵĺڰ
ڣȴ𣬡δҮƾʲôһ㣡
ƾʲôƾʲôƾʲô
һԣ֮䣬Ҫʣƾʲô
һᣬٷ׹£䦽°еĿȣʪһС㡣
صüθһϢľʹһãʱȫһ𣬼̶һƬӲǣӵڼ
δҮҪټң
˭˭
˭Ǹڴжʧ˸ĸʧ˼ҶʧһеĿŮ˭Ϊȥ־ˮ˵δҮڣһǻһֱһʲô£ڡ˭ǰδеĴ֮΢Цؽ˫ѵ˫ְο˵ҲãδҮӣԺҲÿޱӵˣδҮʵ֪ж𣿡
Ժ󣬷δҮûһԵǰһᡣ
𣿵Ȼǣֻǲģֻǲ뿴ĵҪȴҪذڳһɵıЦο
ҪһԵߣҪһԵḬ̇ıĹذĳ磬͸֧еļǿ
һ𣬷δҮֻһԼһ룬ǲɷָƽһеģԼһ룬ۣ֣ģһԵģӡ
ΪˣеĺģղһеĴΪǿ
Ϊֻƽƽأİһԣ飬ʣµ
ڣһȫˣһѹг¡¡ģģ嵽һ߰ڵĵطðŲд̣بڵ֪Ǻá
δҮڰУڣȥɡ
δҮͣס˳ڰеǰ̧ͷؿ
лüͷĿȴƽᣬȥȽϺá
δҮǳĬţˮĿ̨Ƶ£ԵЩ˸
δҮûлش𣬰еȹԶһѳͷȻҪӴ
·δҮзӦˣʱְס˰е壬Ҫʲô
лͷǸһĨЦʲôȥѰʲô
㲻Ҫ
ǡ°ЦԽˣƭ˵ԼȻְץɣδҮΪԼǸѵ㲻ܣ
δҮ鴽ƵӦһ䣬ˡ
ţŤü
δҮٵһۣ˵ˣǸĻ
гĬˣͬʱģϵЦҲʧˡ
һȵůһһϢظǻǴķ
̧ۣδҮ
ССǿı飬΢ĴǣͬҲھģһһУԽرϤ׺·ֻһͿֱӿķסΪһ飬̵Ƕ˽ȥժ
δҮȻػһ
ţδҮӦһ
ѡɾͲˣ˵
δҮûлش
Ĭ˰ӡ
Ȼ˺ģһѽδҮԼĻĴٵظĴ
δҮûлӦҲûƾܡ
ֻʱͻȻ䣬һ޴Ĳѵǧ͸ĲƬ·߰Ĺ⣬󣬷׷׹һصģꡣ
ʱ˭ҲҲǾԲȥȥˣǾһѪˡ
ֻһſȥͷҲصأԼǰС
ˣˣҲزԭӡ
һԡһԡ
һᣬشӽյ۽ǴֿٵǱߵĺڷƤգֻ˸ᣬԸٶٴӿŴۿй
ƴԼȫĳ̶ȣţģĴ꣬һǰƴɢķ㣬޷ֹݣ׹䣬
ԭҪ鿴ˮ飬վſڿһĻȻ䣬أһ˸һ֪Цǿ޵ı顣
磬ǣɥҲһֱ쳹ţǣȴ֪޾ػʢۣ
޳ܵ磬޳ܵǣ޳ȥɣ͵Ȿһ¡
˭ںأûںģںˣѾȥˣˣˣҲˡ

28 ˽Ļ˽ģ



Ǹ˵ģTMDԷ
һ˻ߵغһ֮󣬴ϵһԾһ
޴ҹĻǴħµľ޴ɫһ㣬ض˾䣬ڰаȡܵĿһֹ̣޷
ϵķѾʧȶȣոЩڽڵİھ͸ƵϢˣҲ˲Щˡ
ѷһ˵㵽׳Բԣ
һɱ۳Ĭ
ͻȻͷݵسŴǶݺݵһ£Ȼ˵ҿɾ˰
ҡ˼һĻش
MDҶ˵ҪǰۿǺ
ϵˣڶˡ
ǣȴǳĬģƿޱذεֱϵεͷ
һԣʲôǵɴ۾
ͷҺ徲ص䵽˵棬һСһС䦿һûٻشޱԼҪ£ӴϷ½ţҡվ
һԣҽ˵һҪԴѵû𣿡
㲻˵Ҫǰ𣿡һֻضǰĿأ˵һ䣬ȻͼҪ̧뿪
飡
׹صػҽԺԭеմƬڵϵ̶ܴһּҪĤ̴˺Ѹо
һü
ʱվǰǵǸѾ촽۷ŹĹӡ
ȻҲں
̧ţǣߵ⣬ȴһѳסˡ
΢΢ͷ۾ɻ޷Խ˵ſҡ
ɻȥ
ߣ
ɻȥ
ӡ
ҽɻȥһ䣬Ƕ˵ͽһ԰Ƶظضص˴ϣҶͨһԣһξ㣬һӿʼ㻹ҷǵ˼ĻҿɾͲˣ
⻰һȴͻȻϵЦô˴ң̹ˣµֲô
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ɱģһԣСңɱ˵ģҪҪ´Ҵȥɱֳǵ֣ǺݺݵһԵĲϣĴһƶȷС
ӣһԱһһһرų֣µؿڱֿʼصʹ
ԣҾһӣñһ֣Ļɱ㶼ûó
ʱѹ֮µһԣȻһصüţ̾ͺ

ƣ٣ҵĺͻȻһ꣬˶ʱһƬ޴ء
ǼԴķӦ˲ɿ֣һԣһԣһԣ
޴ľ֣ˮ㸲ʱе˼ά뷴Ӧ·ֵ֮ͻȻϮȫʧȥжϵ
֮ȴҲûˣὫ׿
ˣˣĺ𣬳Žյƴȫغѱ֧ĵز
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ǣҡҡλεص˲һǡ
Ұ׵Ľܵƹ⣬ŲһȺڷҽʿǵӰϣǽߣһģŤģεģغӰ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôǣҪ˵
ǸŮǸзδҮŮΪģΪģԼĲҪǣԼȴҪԵ̣Լ壡ףףΪʲôνİ飿
νİ飬Ӧ˽𣿲ӦΨҶ𣿲ӦãʱضҪռΪе
֪˶ãҽǵĹŻʿ뿪˲
ǽ㣬ˣûˡһǱ档
ǴҲûӦҲͳĬشֳ˲ſڡ
ٴλָһԾŽͳһɫ粨ϵشһٵ

㲻Ҫٸ˺òֲϲ㡣΢΢ǶƯĽü˵
ϲ㡣ŮĴһĨЦЩССİԵǲᡣ
ǾЦϰظ䵭ĺơûлش
ǰŮҲ͸΢ЦӡŷźεഺЦ
Ц绨Ҳֻ
л֮ǰʢţžˡ

߹ȥվ߾ؿһԣһԣ㵽ף˵Ұɡ
һԣſ۾ʪ֡

29 ңҪ



谵ҽԺߵǲҰ׵Ľܵƹ⣬ܱǴ̱ǵˮζϣʱ֮ߵδӣΧĿռ䣬˵ʵЩ˵ġ
һԣѾϵĲŷĻɫëббǼɫףһַǽһǰŲǰȥ
ǡ
ȥſڽֻһԻǹзӣҲû˼ǰȥ
һôˡ
һǼҰĦһԵʱԼӡһ˹ĵͦˣ˵ҲŰǰȻҲ˵ˣ·äǸưƵģǣȴְֲڳߵӵˡ
ǺܺÿҪǣüһȻȻɾͦΣʳ˼̻һʸ֮綼ûУǳУŵѧ˳Ⱦ
ԣ˳Ⱦ統Ǹ˳Ⱦģꡣ
ǰ𵣼ܳȵǷӦһѱײõǽߡ
ȥһأԶǰһѿסصǸԲ𣬶Բ𡭡
ܳѾԶȥˣֻžǸ˭пһԵһСĵ衣
ȴһֱڵǸ·˼Ҵ˲ԭµĴ鷳Ƶġ
ʹĸоﱻһѵͬʱͬ˲סһƬȻʹвĳΪԲĳʷ״˲䱬üһԣûˣûײɣ
һֹͣĵǸ΢΢ͷ΢Щش˼
ô𣿡Խˣȴʼû̫
һԻڵͷϢһֳǽϣһ֧ڿϣҲЩǰţµϢЩǵӣ̫͸ǸӵػԼǷȷˣһԣ̫ǿȻزϢһϺòã
˵ҪңһԳ˸ջһ䣬̧ͷʱ¶ԱòõĲҰɫ
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һԵ͵͵ؿŻشǴҩˣ˵ġ˵ֵ꣬ͷžɬɬƿǵ֣վǰ鸡Ĳ
ҧҧҲûشָֻղһظ档
ոգһ˵һԣ㵽ף˵Ұɡ˵⻰ʱģʲôأ
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ΪʱһֻȥģǸ񾭲ǲǲҪ˴˵Ҫؼȥ󣬾ȻʹأӦˣ
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ֻ֪֪޷һԣ޷ҵķӦҲǲΪģͦεһô籩ҲᱻܵĲԾ
ָܣһǵһˡ
ǣȴûдܸУ𺳡
˵ʵڣȥ˽⿴ǸδҮһŮӣܹһΪôࡣ
ײײ;Ϊ˼·ת˼䣬ߵҽԺſڡ
ڰУˣԴʪķ磬ػļ˲ֱ
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أһûٷԣӹǵݸ֣ĽŲǰ˳
Źϵһɲǣеĺȫһ赽˳棬ոջڶϷʵķƺҲ˲䱻ס˺ʧˣůʼ塣
һԣʼսת򳵴棬ƺڿķ羰ֻ֪ΪῴӶѡ
Ҫȴ绰ɣģŮѣǺȻ뵽ʲôƵ˵һ䡣
һԵԵһ𣬡áӦֳ֣ĬˣֻؿͻȻ׹һֿ֮УʱЩƣصذĿڵλãʹŤŤü
ôˣʵЩˣǼʱһһԻʲô¡
һҡҡͷؿƵؿŻ
һԣܸ˵˵İ飿Ӱؼʻĵس
һüǰһʱ䣬˼ֿʼЩ
İ飿
İ飬ֻͷδҮһ˶Ӧ
ǲԵЩѵǼģһʼֻδҮһռģ
ÿһЦÿһ飬ÿһ֣ÿһλͷģ˲˷Ĵһʱ𺽣ÿÿ뵽ƺԴǰҲкµͬѧʹһԣ꿪ʼһĸ飬ǰҲֻɣĸ飬
֪˻᲻ᣬᣡ
ÿ춼һѧѧ糿𴲻ῴͷϻῴŴʹǷӣһԻǻΪ
ĸܣرһƬȻγױæٵ㡣
߹հ˹յģǵһԵļſڡ
Χһĺڣ·ڵ·ƻˣֻܿԱסڵļյ谵ƹǿʶ·ϵǿӿݵĻˮͽһΣûŵĵطȫʪˣһƬһϿٵش˲ˬ˴زˬ
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ͷ12
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ͷ13
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СԶδ˵ſ˫۵ԭأһĨ˲΢Цʲô⣿
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ͷ16
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ͷ18
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СкСһЦԴĳȡһֻצ
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ֻã꣬ѽ㣡
أһɫŮڼȻظɼܣ
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ͷ19
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ĳֻ۷Ź⣩ҪҪ̽Ұ㻹ԭֳ
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ͷ20
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ĳͷҲ̧ΪңȻҪã
ĳֻʱСɷС
ͷ21
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ĳٴζ˾ƷϣСнӹʹһĿаȵضĳһۣǹһĨЦ⣬ллųˡ
ĳٴȫ޷ԿصɵЦУǣǺǣǺǺǡ
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СУԵˣᣬѰ಻סΪСмʾԵſ죬См΢ЦֹϵʳСеǰ
Сſ죬ȥʳҰڳһ״ϸϸ׽°͵ֳһõ˶
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һŮ۾ȫ붢һѰĵط
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СУа룩ӣ㹻ݣҪֶŰ㣡
ͷ22
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Свˣ֣ӳհȻչǼһѲ޶ġ߰
ΡΡҲСԵвˣֻΪ̫뼤һ·ϡϡصһѣһӾŭ
СĵѲ˵ɿɡ
ǰֱŵģСıСԵ·Ū˼
ҪʱСؿˣתšҡϸ˵ұȻŵġ̶תͷӭлл㡣
ʱᣬ֪Ǻá
֮ǰЩ۵ʱСԺȻͷһ̧ͷǰһƬ
緢֣ʱšüСԣû°ɣ
С̧ͷʹ΢ЦҪЩƣȿȡ
ģ彥Щػζ
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ͷ23
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ӵ֣ԽԵķʽСеĸϴȦСУʹ˰ɣ̸ôûкһ㣿
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˻ͷһȻĳ꣬Ҳ֪˻ɵˣȻܴһѶʲôƿʲôģԲŻᵼ·ôĶ
ĳָ꣨СУС㣡ߣ
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ĳȻһ·ɱ߻СиǰƴθӺͳӶһ䣺ʲô۵ģһؼȥ
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ĳ꿪ʼӵ۾ѵλˡ
ɷɺ··ô˻һһ߼סСУһۺЦСУ߰ɡ
meenyƺһʱ򲻶Ҫô
ֻһԵĸԾеŹЦƺڰıʲô
ͷ24
ĳͷãĳֻվԱ߲̺ͣвˣһ߻߶ԵԵ㣬ĪޣƽҲûɶˮչˣͳԵɡ
ĳĲתͷ۾˵˵Ϻף㵱ιŶͷȻͿԽ˵̫ȻٰһŵŵҸŮŶؼʱ̣ĳܹһŵ˵ٺ٣㲻һؼ󣿣
ĳֻУú㶼ùԹ⻹˹
ĳЦԼ˵Լ˵Ŷ˵ġ
ĳֻͿˡ
ĳϿƱɱ֪ɣҲƤһѣΣ
ĳֻ˫ۣʼںڰзһģx⡭
ͷ25
ĳɳ
С΢΢ЩϢò̫أһԶһˮִһҩƬȦ΢΢Щ죬ԱһȦŮҧСԵ÷ǳġ
ңԲˣúøģСԷǳǸεظ˵űǸۿĳʧ⡣
𣬱˵ɿѿڶһ䣬˵ˡ
ˮôٺȵˮɣ
СҡҡͷҲʧһҴһȥһط
ʲôطŮһϲ
СԵЦǹһĨϵЦ
ŮٴηհļС
ͷ26
˳ӿĴ֡
СкСз˿ŵһŮǼżվһ޼ɵشڴϡ
˷׷ײĿ֪һȺǴð˧Ůƻ֮һҫۡ
ӻڸθʱ⣬ѾȫϾ˼ԼĳһһȰܣԺζǡ
ɷɺ··Ǹ߽ؼСеֱۣһ˫ðģһ߸С졣
Meeny˼ȥҪô죿ǰˣǼ̻¡
ʼ۹·˷Ի·ڷĨζ΢ЦԵʵЩˡ
ʱǰ·ϣͻȻһֻë׵Ĳ塣
ͷ27
Ѿȵò˵ĳڲ֪ظĳֻɱ
ĳֻЦС
ͷ28
ʱ䣺20091225賿
ص㣺ĳ2009ŷ
ĳ绰Сƿޱ𴲣ֻһɫС㣬һ·̤ڶ˯صŮŤűС֫ԡҡ
ϵĺʼմ˷ܿ죬ͱԡһˮڸˡ
һҹ̫ˣȻ趼ûϴ˯ˣƺһζƵģһ߳裬СлһߵͷһԼƺô⣬ɵɵ΢Цһ¡
ϣӰɫޱһֻë׵ģС
ϰһȦҡҡλСһѩȡ
СаλСз˿ҺãҿΪС֤ϣСг˸λŮȻ֮⣬Ϻõ鶼ûsoǿ԰˰
ʱֻȻ۾ֻСıӰصһЦĵȡ
ͷ29
ʱ䣺ͬһʱ 20091225賿
ص㣺ĳ԰
СԣЩ
˹ˡ
Сԣǿ߰ɣͿɿһˡ
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ŮڵӰԺ˯
ϣСԡһϵͨӰֻΪС˵һ䣬ңѾܾûȥӰˡ
λǽһ鰡۰ᰡ˵忸СԾߡ
ֻܱܰӰƬ½е
֪Ȼʧȥ۾ȻĶ飬ȥ֪磡
ͷ30
Ļһ޴ġ꡿
END

32 һ



һԵ壬ͻȻֻȥ˿ߵľżһȻȥ顱һ˵ϣ˲侪һļС
Ƿġ
һԣһԣһʱ䱼˹ȥ˵һѱסһԵ塣
δҮȴƺԱĳħ޷
δδҮδҮ˿ĺ϶أһԵĿʶ֣ͼŷδҮķ̽ţȫɫ࣬ɫʼ־˵ĵɫҶأÿһڣһڡ
ʵǰ
ûϣĴȣÿһĺҲֻƾʧѣ
һֱڷشţڲϷѵĴϢ꣬ȴʮĵѾȱƵģֻܷŵ΢
ذ뿿ǵĻֻҪС鴤һš
ʱѾ˹ͷϸ鿴һ£һԣҩ𣿡δش𣬾ѾԹһԵϿڴ
ûУûС
һԵĺʼԽԽǳҪˡ
δҮȥҩǿҩʱͷһ
·ǵͷһֱ˿̣δҮƺѣ̾ͽŲűȥȡҩȥˡ
ڰ⣬ʱֿʼƮѩ
һǹⶼûУѱŨƲڸǡ
еһУѱصڸǣƺҲߣҲδ
˵Ҹңɼôʹķʲôأ
ͬʱ
ڰһ䣬һˣȷģ˵ҸңɼôʹķʲôأǾǣ
ѪʼԼϵķʽʱشӺŻÿŻһڣǰͿһƵģһһͿţʵҲǺƵģӵС˵ƺҲڹ
ǻ˶һŨصѪζʶһαһζģѾһ㣬ϵؿϷӿĶ
Ѿ̫ܶθʹʲôӦˣ弸ѾľֻǾú䣬һһ󼸺Ǵ̹ǵĺӺ󱳵ĵطٵشǸָĴԣȻɻĴһֱԶָ֫⣬ͨ͸ƺڵѪҺҪɱ
ڰУ۾
ëǺᣬ΢ĲͼѰΨһĹߡ
Ƶ̨ƣǰߵһСϣɫĹȦͷĺӰиһ״ëëһţǺܹȴȻܹؿϣǽϣһ使޵Ѫ
ŶѪ
ʵ͸ȥˡ
ǳУˣǰҲǾǰԼ
ͻȻ£ǲΪѾˣڴҪʱͻȻִĵһأ
еǣȻⰵҹУһĨЦڵһ㣬һĹ⡣
ۣ
ѪĽ
ѣ
ǾĿľ̤ڶʣЩڲӿƣŨصģϢ˱ѹȻ󣬾ͻῪʼ˰ɣȻͻ᳹׵رˮ˰ɣȻһУջˮĴйһʧںڰǵˮ˰ɣ
һе񣬶ǰһɵģ
Ӳײɽ壬ҲͲһᣬǽǶôĲһ
ۣ
һѪ
Ҫ壬ǰʱ򣬵ϵѪ罦ǰʱΪΣһ㶼ң֪ޣһֱҶʮ꣬ͬ뿪Һһ𣬳ޣ̥һεҵҵҵĹѪ㣬Ϊʲôң
ʱб˱ۣﵭ̾˿
ͻȻҲѾ˰ɡ˵֮ҲôٴЦµθƺҲڼϵЦǳҵĳʹݺݵʹǵһ㣬̶ĸܣץ
˵ʱ򣬹˻ôȥ㣬᲻أ˵ǲǣʵһֱڻȪ·ϵңΪԼأ
ûϵͱһҲֻǶһڶѣν
һӱúᣬܣѾ˱ѩɣ
ٴһŻ֮󣬰ѵػ˹ȥ
һᣬѽϵĺɫ۽޴ʯ㷢һĹ⡣
ʱ
ȳſתĺƹֽűںڰĹ·ϡ
һɫࡣ
ϵźܵܵİʱܾҲϰ
ȻԱӦʩͬʱҲڻϡ
δҮѾ޵ʧͨ˫ۣȻڲҰ䵭ĹյÿֲһƬ
һֱҧŴƴѹЩѾҪѳؿڵķŭһͷһۼɫһԣһ̧ͷǸͬɫķδҮ
ôһ̣ѪҺһӿɱ˵ԸǻɽҪ緢һ㣬ð˹ķŭ뱩꣬Ҫһ㡣
ŮˣŮˣףк
⣬Ϊʲôһֱһݣ
ʮǰˣʮˣ
ֻҪһ˼򵥵һҪΪʲôΪʲô㣬Ϊѣ

33 Щ



һڱƽ˼֮ͻȻͳס˷δҮͷһ⣡
ž
ҹһƬҽԺһǶֱһش̴˵˵ĶĤ
δҮҪһɱ˷Ǽֻ蹷һŷδҮţǵͨ죬һֻֻڸ߸ߵƺҪ»䣬ȴһָ֧ץסˡ
ʲô
۾Ƭڵƹ·ѩ׶Ĺ⣬ƲţҲǱ䳹ǵزκһ˿С
ǰķδҮһδһ㣬ʧȥκεķӦ
ɱ˷
ʵɱ˷˰ɲ
뿪һԵһӿʼƭһԵһ˲俪ʼѾɱ˷Ҳɱһԣͬʱ䣬ҲɱԼ
ۣĺۣ۵ƺҪҪȥˡ
һԣԲ𣬶Բ𰡣һԡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪôشأΪʲôһôûأܱøǿһ㣬¸һ㣬ôһԲΪҵΪҷΪˡңΪʲôôغأ
Ѿʧȥһԣô죬ô죿
һתͷͿһ԰ҡҡ׹ķδҮͺһ˦ǵֻס˷δҮ塣
δҮŤüͷ֣ȻطԱߵĳҪ̫ţ磬Ŷ˵һԣûµģոǵļȴʩúܼʱӦòµģ㲻̫ġ
δҮڼѵһ۾³һŽһҽҧסҲ˵ˡ
ؿһۣҪ̫࣬˵Ŀ⿪ʼøһƬЩ飬ľͰˣ˵ģͰزؽȥȻҲڹ
δҮ˲ҧס˴
ĸܣֻħ֮һصؽץճһš
ˮۿ˳۽ǣٵ䦽ɫķ˿棬
һСʱ֮һԱƳ˼ҡ
δҮȥǱƿˣ±ٻͬҽܴƻزȻһȥѡ
δҮײ˼ʱرסˡ
ǣʲôδҮһԵŮѣ
ǹǵһĨЦһɱ˷ʲôʸһԵߣ
δҮٴصһ˵ĸоһűˮ˳
˵ҿɾͲ˷ŮˣҲЩʧصش
ߣǻһЦһ˿ɫҲޣЦɵ˻ԴŸˣȻҶǽ˵ʲôҪĻһҲûĸŮƵİȻ㶳ʲôѪӢۣ
бͲҪЦ˵ĳĺ⡣
ûϵδҮס壬ͷض˵ͺˣҽ鷳ôǲ˼ںˣȥϢɡ
㡭鱾뿪˵ЩʲôǱδҮֹˣ鴽ڵͷǺãʲô£绰ҡ
δҮ˵ͷ
ʼĿ
鼴ʹʲôףʱҲȷʵûʲôҪ
ķδҮļ磬Ȼת뿪
һߣһߴӿڴͳֻͨ˰еĵ绰
ཡཡཡ
ʼն˽æһɲ֮УʱһٵشܹеѪܣһ㣬˲䷢񱼡
δҮǣ˵ңȥſڵһԣڼŲ
ԭȻЩı飬ڷδҮһУǣŮ˵޻δͬɢȥֻüͷڳһӶˡ305⴮͹Լﳤȥˡ
δҮ̧ĨһᣬȻĬĬظȥķƶŲӡ
ߵ305ͷûУߵºһ˵ûҵ׼κ˽
ǣµͷӦȻԿٵɨһ۱ǸŮδҮϢضһۺǱͬʱһĨĳЦ
δҮֻû
һŹʱƿ˼ߵĳϡ
棬ɹһ޴ս
ʱԼһ䣬Ȼദͺݺݵسʹһ¡
ѵζԭôʹõֱӾͽһƬһƬظƵģظܵʹȴ˿ڣ
Ǹǣʲô˼
Լ
һʱůɱΣ
ûһ̣оԼһңԶ
ʹǰһһ̨ôľ룬Ҳûй˿ңɼĸܡһԣھԼǽڣҲ벻ֻһ׻ףǣоȴȸ򶼻ҪңԶһ㣬߲һԷԷŵĿ
ڵһԣڻ۾ݵͻȻһ⣬ţؿƵʹڿն죬δҮδҮ
鿪һĳӡ
ڰѩ硣
ѪУ޺İС

34 



ѩڼš
Хʣһ
ȻһźƹֽŴѽ̵Ĺ·ϣһ·˸ķѩ
ϵİУɫ־˵İףǴ촦ǰɰʪѪӡĵɫԽشĿģ
Աڸʩҩˮעڡ
˫۽գüͷ塣
ɲ΢
ʧѪݿˡ
һ·ɳۻؼңһ·ֱײеķʱоѾûкˣɵѪֻһϢĹ
䣬ɢŨصѪζһɳϢѪζ
ȥ򵽰еĸǰʱֻƮƮģ·궼ѱߣ
ȥһĻ˲طǰ͸һأϾʹ˼ȵ绰Ȼ԰˹
ڰ磬ǴӰ뿪һ쵽ģȻ󣬾Ҳû뿪ˣ֪ҲܻǰҸǣ٣Ϊľعȥڣڡ
ھҲҪȥ
Уһ㲻ûУ˵һ
ڲͣرѹеıǻǻԱɫҲòȥһϵĶһ߶ǰ˾˵㣬ٿһ㣡
ʼձҧгݵ״̬صѾʬûİУҳһš
Ϊʲôôĵܵܣ
ΪҵܵܰҸһ˫̥
ȴô㣡

ҲҪɣ
飬ΪಡѡҴߵģ¸ĸ״øѡҡ˵ʧȥЦ׹һھ𣬡ΪҵĲҶԭܻеĸͬʱҲĸ׵ǣңΪң룬ĸеϣһҲĹģŻôҵġ
Ҳͬʱʧȥĸ𣿡
飬Ҫ˵ˣĴ򱧲ƽˣԻˮȥʲôѾ޿ˣ٣ұл˸࣬ǰǽǮҶ̫ˣΪǸֵͬܣôܻƽЩ飬Һ޲ã޲ðԼһжֻҪҪҵҲ͸
Ȼ󣬰İ͸ˡ
УһTMDҺúõػţ㿴ôʰ㣡Ҫ֪ڵѲԼһô򵥵ˣȥ֮ǰTMDҪҺúõػţţ
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ڵİУңֻûƲޣҽǹϿ侲ľɰڲҩˮ̹ѩ͸ƤѪܣͨһʾϣʼ˸΢Ĺߡ
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һжǸжãĻͲȥĿ־岻źˡ
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ҵ˺ǱһͷĿڷݻ˺ҧǱ˲侪ѣ־صɴ۾Ȼ󣬾ʹĸоһӱ̹ӦɲǼͱʹᣬһ߲ͣһ´ȥ裬
վ跿ſʱڴϰؿţһƬ
ͣס˽Ų
ںڰУЩ̲ס֮ԶԶǹԼʹһ˿ڣƤѪصؿ̽˰е塣һ꣬8ꡣ

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ʣǣǽҪдɶģ
ɰ磿硶ҲͷáԼƪǰڷ磿硶Լһ
ߣǻʲô飬һᣬøָһ㷽Ŷлл渽İɰ硶õĲôԽʷؼʣŽ   ǿŰ+
ڷû֣ţһıһ֪ǺǣŰθΡ
һ仰ڳҰŮİ޾
ðɣҰæӻԾͶƱɡллҵ֧ඣôôһ

35 Ѿעһ



ϣƶԺܶ˵һ֮ҹ
Ԥ׵ĺͻϮУҹſ񱩵ķѩҰǷľ޴ѩзذһŰɫ磬ɫĸ¥Զ޺ƣЩصƣʲô
ʼյ͵͵ŴУĳ˺ѵĿһ־ı
ҵĺһֱš
Ŀĵš
·ԶҲᰵȥԶҲֹͣ

ҽ뻤ʿϳ룬ּȴʩ͵͵شǵҰɫŷй¶
ʱٴǰǳҲΪһδѪ
еθһֱǨӲһŰˣҹھƳ룬ǴڳѪ״ֻ̬Ҫ΢һעͻᵼѪѳѪǼһȴѪ¶ϰΪ鼸ȰǳţԲŵ˰ǰǴδѪʱҽ˿гθľ
ûа취ľ
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ڣŻڶ̶̰֮һصֵز
ҽֺ߳İɵ˼ûУǲ˼𣿡
ǡӭȥ֪ΪΣЩ
ֹѪչòǺ˳ҪõѪѾھҽԺѪܹõѪǡҲ֪θǰгôʱڣ״û취ƣڡ
ҵѪo͡û˵°Ӿʹͷڳ˽ȥ
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ԣΪ̫ңѡ˽ر۾
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ӵУʵʵڵ¶ȣۿ
ڣһ˫յƤ֮£ͬʱڣҲٵ

컹ӡ==ӡ

컹ӡ==ӡûпӸˣ
ʵҲֻǸǰֶѣҶǸԭͬġ˵Ժһ2010굽֮ʣӴµòӭӰ磬
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ǰٺ١ðɣһ£һŹȥģû󰡶԰ɣôҲ̫һöôҲܸĳһǷ󣬹Ӿ͸һȽ欵ġ컡컹ӡǲǱȽŮߡ
ٺ٣ϣܼסӵ 컹ӡ ӴȻطпӡĻҲȻ´˹ӣΪĳһ¼į̾ µ֣ҿŶ


36 ʹѾ



ڶ졣
سƲ㣬ըһȾһƬۻɫĹ⣬ӡõϵЩѩ
ʱչ˿һůͨ͸ӣʹеĳҲΪҫԵñѵࡣ
ǻָĹѧϰ
ϵǺŰðŰ̵͵ð·гݶĻѩĬĬڻţżƤСͨСԶȥ֮󣬿ٵرһ˫æĽŲһ̤ǣ
ˡ
ںڵһţҲָԭȵӣڿȵľˣҲڡ
֪˵һһߣת䣬ܻͷܣͷ
ˣҲֻýʹǰߡ
֪ĳʧˣҲҲܻټʹôôټ˵Щһֱ˵ȴ˵ĻҲĻᣬΪһߣͷ񵻸棬˵ԸһеĴȥһЩʲôѾˣ
ʹѾˡ
ԼȴΪأ޷ʹȥãԣҲټˡ
΢΢ĳУڴѾ˯һϵİУʱڲ˼۽ëüͷ˹
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Ȼ;һԵѾ˯ȥ˵顣
һ˹Щ۾ӦѸٵؽĿ˰еϣˣ
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ʱ㲻˵ΪʲôǸ˲㣬Ϊʲô㲻ȥΪʲôҪأ
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ΪлᱩŭػӦһЩʲôȴͻȻ䣬һ̾Ϣ
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ģصһ飬۾ɴ
顣ʱٴοˣᵭģղŵһ̾Ϣһģһһģһ˵㣬ôôɵأ
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Ȼ̾һ˵ʱ鸡üƮȥˣ԰İȻԵҵĺ𣿡
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⣬ôҪôĺã
֪ʹѾ㣬ֺαħ֮Կ
üͷݺݵθЩ˵ĵطһΪ⽹ҵʹǣȴԸй¶ĴԺ󲻻κ˿ˡ
飬ȥɣûˡ˵
һ̧ͷüͷʼ
ƽͣʲô˼
5֮黹뿪˲
ҽһ²֮ȥ׼ճƷȻҽԺߵ˷δҮ
ҽǷδҮȿ飬ؽסô
סԺˡ
ôˣΪθ𣿡δҮüëһӾ;
šҲüθѪһصҵʱѾݿˡ
أҪҪûʲô°ɣδҮ۾һӵɵúôô󣬶ңۿ滹ٶػεһˮɫ
һϣʱȶɡ
δҮܾҲû˵ͻȻͳĬ
Ҳʵû̫ˣֻ˵һټ͹Լˡ
δҮһ裬һվﻹ˺һ
ֶ۶۵ʹĿ˿ǰϷϰѪ龰Ȼ󣬾һ˫Թ޵۾δҮңҶӦôһʼͲҪҵǰ¶ᣡMDģոΪʲôܾΪʲôһʼ;ܾΪʲôΪʲôΪʲô
˵˶
˭ĴδҮ˵˶öԷڵԼɳܵڣô죿
߲ϴæǣˣ˼ͶĲõ⣬ʼԼضĽǰͰнţֻһԻае磬ȴ
Ѿˣѹˣȥһ۸ӵ޷Ԥδ֪硣һڰ硣
ƿţһԵѵõĻ𣬡δҮˡ

37 ҪҶȥ



δҮˡһ΢ЦδҮ׵ǣһЦۣȻ󣬾ͳҪ
СģδҮæ豼ȥסһԵ壬Դֵض˵žͺˣҽ˵ҪϢ
šһ˳ӦһȻɻȥˣֻֻŷδҮ֡
δҮ
ţ
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δҮĵʹʹܿҡҡͷûϵֻҪúõģҾʲôҲġ
ǸǣҵĿˡһԼ˵ţдǿҵһǸ⣬ԲδҮ㣬ȥõ깤ˡ
δҮûӦֻǱһסֻ֣ϸ΢زһ¡
㵣ĲȥԾ˶ԲδҮԭ𣿡һţϵıԵһжֵĵӣüͷһ˫ն۾еŷδҮ
ǷδҮȴþҲûӦ
δҮı飬޷֪ڣѹǵģǣ
ָĲ²ʣǱװװõըһһرը
δҮδҮ㣬𣿡ôӴһʹҡŷδҮ֣˵δҮ˵òãشҺòãδҮ

ȴһ䡰
ǸûԼĻ˼
һԵģʱͳȥ
һԣôˣԻָõģ°ɡδҮ˹ѹļϣͼɻȥ
һȴӲ壬ȫΪ
ôһԣδҮЩ
һԻǽӲ壬ؿڿʼҵһһţϢЩɫҲһӾͱһƬŵ÷δҮҪһԣһôˣôҪҽ𣿡
һľüͷǾǿرԭеƼִֵţǻǿڷҧЩʹ񾭡
Ѿںˡ
ģʲôʱѾԶˣ
Ҫ뿪
ֻΪԼ壬ڲǿȻ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͻȥ
һԣһſģ㵽ܰãʱǰǾ仰һըһ¡ڶϡ
ȫʼɸһ㷢ʹ̾һѷס˷δҮ󣬡δҮ
գþȫԷδҮ̾ͱץʹ
δҮ㰮𣿡ʡ
һԣ㡭δҮ죬ֲóȻһԵ֣ʵҲѲһԵ֣͸зǯһӲһֱɵļ
㣬δҮ㻹𣿡ؿǱһֻصһ㣬ֶصһʹԺ
һԡˮһӾ͸ۿҲ֪ʹģģδҮʹ˦֣һԣȷſ˵ץʹˡ
شҷδҮشǲѾˣǲѾҪˣǲѾбˣ
δҮֹͣе
ڼǶǸˣһԡ
ʹصĴϢÿһѪҺıӿһ׸Ƥ⣬һƬһƬѪرǰ磬ٴαһ鱻ʯͷĲɢһƬĲ꣬
һԡ

ס
ٴλһһԡ
ԽᶨĿǣԿ籩ȴǰƽˮӿδҮҹ
޷ţ
ȫ񱻽עˮ࣬ȫ޷ˮ޴ľһѱ䲻ȴʹۿ
ЩһԼҲѾ޷֧֣ᵹڴʹشϢ˫ذؿϣɫĲŷץõһһޡ
һԣһԣʱҲ˲Լ飬δҮ˹ȥģڷذ˽֮󣬾͸һԵʹʧ˳һԣһԣʲô飬ҴôУ㣬㲻Ҫ˺ԼжҲ㣬Ժٸҷһԡ
һر۾
Ҳ
˸ɾ
ȻδҮɵôܷŵÿ
ɶѵᣬƴȫشۿ棬Ѫ࣬¶ɾ
֪ʱѾվſڵǣŰ֣͸˰ŵķ϶һվ۵ףǴظһ֪Цǿ޵ĺۼ
һĲ
Ҳſڴϣ۾ż򣬡ŻŻؼͣŰɫѪθ˿ڣʼոͷľһһţš

38 ҪҲһ



û뵽ֻ뿪Ķ̶һСʱķչ͵һ޷ʰĵز
ûߵѵʿļػҽԺеһš
Ѹټӿ˽µĲӣһţͱڵ龰춳ᡣ
ϵǲ꣬ͷѵҩˮЩɫҩҺ䲡ĶǣߵĵϣͷϣǽǣʺѪһ̲һ̲ŭŵεѪõ塭
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УʱҲ̲סˣһѾͽԼϵĶݺݵ˵ϣȻһ˰е콫嶼˫ͨ죬һͷ˿ķޣ𣿡
ֻ΢΢˱ۣ߶úߡ
ãҽͳȫҳȫ㣡˵ţͷſ˰е죬ֱһѳԼļϣȻбһ䣬͸ȥһõĵطȥ˵꣬ҲȰиʲôӦûʱЩҽ뻤ʿĿɿڴһ·ȥ
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˰ˣҶȥɡһҽ˵ţһ߸ʰУôһزɣ
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ɵϣҪҲһ㣬ѵҵһǸ᲻öԸֱӾͳ嵽׷ɱң飬ѾԲˣôܣΪңأ

39 ֻǲԵ



δҮһ·ײײǰȥ
ߵʼ񺣳һȥ͸һɽζĿĿ־壬жûû˵ķĵȴĥ
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ǰŲĵţѾٿˮֻʶʶѣʧ˿صˮͷȫ޷ֹ
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վһԵǰվڴʼվþõظָӵ˵һԣҪҰȥȷϰɡҲͿˡ

40 һԲ



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ҽԺĳߵתǴһӰվһ


41 ޷ѡȫ



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˭֪ȴ˰еһ

42 ԭ



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Ҫƴȫظůһĵůһ֣ǻůϸϸůҲὫȫԼϡ

43 ըһ



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44 ӱ



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㹻е˼Щ˵ڵģ˵ڵģģЩʹҲһͬģе˼
ĳʱ̣ĳѡ񣬲һҪʾãֱ׵жʾܶʱҲЩֳĬʱ䣬ԸõشһС
ţʱȻ߿
δҮһˣǵһֹŹֵʣ˴ʱ䲡ļž
˲̧ͷİ뷽δҮ
һѩ׵ģʲôҲһԣźߵѹǽߵıֻֽܷһ鼱顣
һԣӣδҮѴӵϾ
һһԡ
һֻõµؿڴһʹǱöݺݵһһ㣬۵һ£ݿһӣϢػ˻壬һ
ֱ۱˳סǽԭأȻ󣬺ܿ죬ŵ˷δҮһϤϢţһԣ˰ɣδҮȷһ˵Ĳаеߣ֪ǸոʲôǸոգںܵһڵϣమһ𡣡
Ů˵ʲôһԵİһ⻰ʱһɻһӾͳסǵȭͷȥȴ
ͱΪı۰˿ȥȻ󣬾ͱ˺ݺݵˤ˵ϡ
飬ͷϵĶһҡײеĶͷӵļײˡ
Уû°ɣδҮһȥ鿴
һԽҵɫ
ԽЦ
б˱ۣͼƿδҮ֣û£ҪشȴԼִʱֵָڲüͷĿ
ͻһЦһδһУֶһ˵һԣ֮ЩԻô˰ɣߣȻ۾룬Ķܸûɣڣܸûƭ˰ɣ
һ԰ҧһ
ιŮˣ˵û߰һŭҪȥֱŷŮ˵һߣ
һĬĬתȥ
ǰ̽ȥڱĿУԿϸݵֱۣزš
һԣӱ𣿡ڱ

45 ʵֻҪ㿴ҵ۾



һԣӱ𣿡
ĻԿ
һӦͷҴط˰ɣڣȴǳĬġ
ܶණڲвϣӲܣʱĳӣһߴഺһڴݻĴá
ܶණʵѾʧˡ
Щ΢ЦĽЩΧߵůҸЩΪϡƽĹ뽡ЩΪԶҲŵˡ
Ĭǰ˽Ų
ǰǺڰʵϣҲǺڰ
ʵȥﶼǺڰֺʲôӱۣһԣһöӱˣԴһ۾ä֮ѾһöӱˣĻΪʲôҪסδҮֲţ
㹻¸ң͸÷ֵģſδҮɰɡ
ǰӡ
ʵϺܼѣǻǱģԺǣŬǰȥ
ϮĿ
Ȼһůӵײǰȥ
һԡ
Сʱ޵Լĺϡǰһԣǻڵһʱ䣬ͽصԼĻԼ£Щˮһһ
ڣҪ
˷δҮҪŮˣӵһݶˣȻĺѸپһƬ
ҧҧת̧ƿǡ
ˤϵǾԲĿһ㣡
һԴ˴Щɬ˵𣬱δҮ
ǰ˲һĻ
ǸŮǰŭĿӣŮ
άĿЦάһͲĻŮǰɵΪάǿЦ겻İ飡ߣȴŮıͶһŵֳЦЦ
˵а
ȴԼĺصסֻܿһŸ˹һľֶŭ
ʵʱǵתͷã
ߣʵֻҪԵǰһ㣬ĵؿҵ۾ͺãͻֵᷢ˫Ϊޱȵǵĺɫͫ棬ŵӳŮһ޳ܵ
ȴʼղҡ
ѡԼĻԶҪ߸̫࣬С̡̫
һЩӲذ۽ǵ˻ȥ
վһԣΪֻҪ㿴ͿԵʲôҲ𣿡
һԵ΢΢˶
ãҾ㿴һδҮͰһԹŮ֮䣬һĸ飡˵ţǾͻȻתߵһλεذףžͳ嵽˷δҮһסĲӽǽߡ
δҮһҪȥȴѱ½ԭء
۵һδҮһԣһôĺѵ𣿰ڣжķδҮһ˵ţһ߻ؽذ׼˷δҮĲϡ
㵽ڸʲô޴ľ֣һԵ
һʲôҲ
ʲôҲ
ֻͽ͵غš
û˸ʵϵȷ޷ȷһУ⣬ľǿӱһе
㲻ҪδҮ㲻Ҫ˺ҲôһһſţΪ̫뾪ֶԴ˸ֲֿ񣬶ҲɹĺѸپͱҼ
δҮҪǸҲһƤһɱɱ㣡һƴһ蹷ƵĿ
һԳΪǵķײײسȥǣôŪδҮˣſ
δҮסȫ޷߶ֻ߲۽Ǵϱˮ˴ʱԾɻš
ذףʵѻұƤеѪζϸϸƮ
ߣһðɣɣ˭ŮһЩ
һŭ𣬰˺˵ƿأһӾͳ߳˹
ݡ
һ
δҮ壬һѳصˤһԵĽűߡ
ذ׵֣нؿס
ҷˣҪǸҲһƤһɱ㣡һţһ߰תǵҪذ׶һ˫۾ѪǵȼŻ
潥ƽǵĲ
ߣȴЦϵı飬һַһǻÿûⱾ£
㡭
һ㡯ָոճ
ϮһĴʹ룬Ȼ󣬶ס
СδҮһ˹ȥ

46 ˾İ



СδҮһ˹ȥƿǸˡ
еǼɫŷں󱳴һľʵܿٵ䦿һɫԲȦѸ͸ѪҺʹǸԲȦԾ˵ٶڲϵ󡭡
壬ʼսӲ
֣Խؿǵ֡
УУһľʵϷδҮҲѾ֪Լ׻ܹʲôɶѵˮʧȥһشۿﱼӿ˳
ҧҧתͷ˷δҮһۣȻҡҡͷ
δҮһӾҧס˴
δҮδҮôˣʲô£һԲϵزʣֱǰ̽ȥµĲޱȡ
ǣ㵽湻ûУгʵ
ЩŬطӳԼеļᶨǿӲ
ߣ˵أǷ۽һĨмǺܰһӦþúҸɣߣ
˰ɣҵ£ƨ°ͺһȻһʹͽذѹǵĲ
һ
ʱҲһ㹻Ǹжã
ĻȥˣͲԼˡ
ʵǣ
ԸԼҲҪǸ
УɱңҲڸǲ㰮δҮɳܶûǿ˵ţǺȻȣݺݵسŰеĸ˹ȥ
飬е壬ص˹ȥ
ӣӣӣȻ䷽δҮ˻ߵһžŰг˹ȥ
һԣץǡ
ǵ죬žͷݵסնĻɫۿ̲סˮǣҪΪҿʲô֪㲻Ҫ˺δҮ
ֹҪæĶ
̧ͷӭһԣû˺ֻССһ°жѣ˭֪͸һֽֿеģǺܰǸеѽ𣿡
һԽסǵĲӣҧгݵ˵Ҳ޹ء
ǲˡ
ԽøӶ
ҵ£޹ء
һ仰ͿԽһжָøɸɾӺ磬ǵİ飬ñҪᡣ
һƬڰ׵ĺڰ
һԣѵſڣҼǵҸ˵ġ
УʼƮһѪζŻ
Ҹ˵ϲġһ˵һ䣬˵֮󣬾һ˫۾ضһԣѵ˵ӣҲ޹𣿡
ϵķδҮʱתͷؿŲԶһԡ
İУʱҲ̧ƤؿŷδҮ
һöûлش
һļž
ζ
ʲֹѪʲֹᣬʲֹıԼ
޹ء֪˶ãһشһƬƽֻҪҰδҮһ죬˵ĸ飬͸޹أ㣬Ǳʲôˡ
һᣬ·δҮգڰеϣȻһ
ذһθ߸ߵ
һΣҪ׼Լİˡ
ʱһòǾͽݻٺˣǵ
߸ߵؽ־ذͷյ׳·űĺ⣡

һ
žһССһСС硣
һԵ壬һСС壬Χ
ůůİΧʵ¶ȣҲֵļᶨͷһУԿ̡
ʵкܶණһҪʾҲҪֱ׵жʾֻҪһЩЩģһЩЩţЩֳĬʱ⣬ջỹһΪʵĴ𰸡
δҮһԲźһ
ȵҺ壬˳ұһһص䵽˵ϣһСһСѪޱȡ
һԣҰ㡣δҮĶϴϢ˵Ұ㣬Ȼ󣬶Բ𡭡
˲š
ӵѡ
׹ص
һйƽ
ʵϣҲƽ
δҮǷ·ԵһĿ𣬴һı͸ŵҽԺ˵ļž塣
һԣʼ޷һرԭǰŵƣ·δҮڱĺ󱳣·ǸССӰһֱӵʵϣȴһֱڱ
δҮ̽ųüδҮδҮôˣӦңӦδҮδҮ
ǽ㣬ߣ⴫ĽŲѸվǵߡ
˭֪ȴûֻǾؿŵǾѪ壬ǵЦԽع졣
űһȺҽ뱣ɹײ롣
˵һڵ龰˾סˡ
ˣվԭأΪʱһθ߸ߵؾذס

47 ˭



ʱ
һθ߸ߵؾذףϵı飬һƬ졣
δκξٶΪ˵˭Ҳ˭ҶҾɱ˭
ڲѪ壬һкȴ޷İУһǽ˫ȻѾʧȥκ֪ķδҮ
ʼƮһŨض̱ǵѪζ嵽Ż
ڳΧ۵ȺвϵطһһľҹǳĬĺһ㣬ӿһѹֲֶա
ӣ㵽ʲôɱ˷ģǱ˸סˡھû֮ʱ˭Ҳ
ֻһЦɽذȻתһ˼
һԡͷ㣬ûлҪ˵𣿡
ޣһڿˮ
һȫû뵽һ˹ĵһԾ˲ľٶʱüëһѾȵһԣѵ㲻øл𣿡
ޣһڡ
һıѴﶥ壬һŲ԰ϳ񣬻
ذ׶ʱһԵĲһԣң
ذǱĴУ磬ûһ˿¶ȵģֻ͸һľĶľ
ĵ£һƴѹŲϱôصĴϢޣ˵Ļֻһһµٹȥ¾࣬ʼڲͣسţʧ˿صĳ֣ڷתշѹųţǿ࣬ϵر˺飬ᣬ˺顭һԣҰ㣬Ұ㣬Ȼ󣬶Բ𡭡ĻδҮ仰Ǳһ˵¼һϵڶϸţţһֱһԵģҪˡ
ǣɱҰɡʱһ˵һĻ˵֮ɫһӱһҰɫݵĻɫۿסǡ
˵ԲģӦһԲŶ԰ɣػزİδҮ
ǧеˣһԲŶ԰
ǣɱҰɡ仰ǶʱһδüӦһԵ֣Ѿǵ֣ǰѹذ͵ؼѹƤ
һԣǾһʼ

ʺѪϸϸشǵ˿ڴ
һԵ֣ϵı飬ȴޱȵƽ
Ƕʱ֣ŵˣˣһԡҪ
һԾûٳ
ʺѪҲڸʡ
ʱѾˣǾи⵱һӵϽסˣذףֽ
ײײرܵſ֮ǺȻһ½Ųתһһۣƺ˵Щʲôģȴֻ鴽ʲôû˵Χ۵ȺʱԶطֿһȣغһߣһžͷҲصش󲽵ˡ
ֱ˿̣ŵѣѸٵشԾ벡Щ׼ҽҲų˽
ȱУſڵϵһذףвûˣֻһľʵ¶棬ذܱߵѪţȾ˲ŷ󱳡
δҮδҮΨһֻһԿ﷢һı
תͷȥ
һԱڻķδҮ֪ǻģģһûУ󱳴˿ڣҲڲϵѪѸٵŪʪһϵĲŷ
ſǿ𣿡ҽżػ
ʵһҲҪΣϵ˿ڣҲڲͣѪС
ȴ˿δˣֻǲϵغŷδҮ֣·İ֮ڱ֮Уֿ־ȴֵҲʷ֡
󲽳ȥͷ˷δҮһ֮Ϳٶһ˵һԣҽţδҮţкڣҪſҽȥȣδҮ
һԶʱ֣Ҳˡ
ҽѸٷ˷δҮ
ãˣһͷδҮȥң𣿡˵ȴ
İҲڱҽԱѸ̧ߡ
ͷȴһԵĻش
һ̧ͷ飬ҽȷδҮ£ʵЩɫҲǺܺã಻̫Ƶ˵жϡ
ǵģ¡ҧӦˣ£Ҫšǻ˵꣬üͷȴ
һԻվҽȥҡ
ĬĬؽһԵ֣ԼϣȻ˵
ſڡ
ӻʿǶһЩ崴þһԲϵ˿ڽд˿ڲֻ̫Ҫɡ
һֱĬţûзҲûκʹ¶Ψеһ뵣ǣ˫ۿնǰһſ
ſյСĺƳš
ڣһһŴϣſͬĵ˵壬УͷδҮ
ҽڽŶĹС
бϵذѱȥ˿ںĿ⵶ʮֳѪҲ÷ǳ࣬ټϰбΪ֮ǰθѪƶѪ֢״ҽ֪ͨ˻ʿѸٵѪѪѪδҮڳԵУϢ΢һϢ

48 㣬Ҫ



ͿԽһУǵҲһ£ֻǣ
ųߵΪ
ⰲߵ
һҩˮĨһԾϵ˿ڣһż̧۹۲һԣɫǳãҲǳֻݼᶨƴʲô
밲οЩʲôȴʼҲΪԼҲѾ޷ȷˣܻǻ
ڣҽڴе˿ڣ崴ֹѪ״
Ūһʱ򣬵µͻȻصزһ£ողֹѪĴڣһҵӿѪֹѪ죡
ϸ¶ֻһԵĲϹɴһȦһȦϸĵΧһϸѪ˿ڣǰһԻһδһһһ㣬ѷ
ϵŷδҮϣǻظһߡ
ֻһԵôδͷ
ĺڰԽԽأѹƺ綼촭ˡ
ϣ鵭˵һˡ
һԵػشһллᣬ÷·üѴ֮ͿѸɢ
һԣ벻ҪС˰Σڻ˵һ䣬ʵͷδҮ
˵ҽһشȻ󣬳Ĭҧҧ֮˵סʲôס
Ծ
ϸϸĺرƳ˶ǣһƴȫסĿڴǵһľʹһһֵر˵--δ-Ү
ߵϵİ׳ƣʱͻȻǻһ㣬Χһ㼸ѾУһһ
--δ-Ү
ǿտĺڵߵͬʱִһңԶȴ
һԣҰ㡣
ĸףҪȥһЩʲô
ͷʼһһʹɬɬظţȻһ㣬ƶӿ𶥶
ڡ
бϾҵĴʹѣĺмţ̵ش۾
ڳϵطһ̲סҲǲֹһҪѸĳ嶯
һ£һ¾ͿҪˣҶҽһ߲֣ͣһ߲ͷʿæס
ʹʹ˺ѷεʹ
֪ҩˮеϱؽעڱ˺ʹѵĺϣʹü֧ŲסѾıԵѽӴ˵ȼŵһȴֱסãʹĻ𣬶ǱʹĵѸٴԽԣ壬Ǹ죬ؽڣ֫ٺÿָĩң·嶼˹̵ͣһһһرƣɣûֱһʣ
һԣҰ㡣Ұ㣬Ȼ󣬶Բ𡭡
仰ڰ˵ʲôأ
ʿְ˽ŵذסԾɲֹ壬ҽĶڼеϵĺȥȥϸ߿ʼУƤ⣬ȻǸòġӲط첹
ؿǿģܲ
б۷תͷȥصشϢᣬر۽ǣȴʱͻȻ۷ֵߵŴϣţδҮ
Խ۾
δҮ岿ݱҽͻʿסˡ
ֻܿſڴͷ߲תŵİССİѩ׵Ĵϣ۽գɫ۽ޣشţƺһЩЩԼԼǡ
ٴδҮδҮ
𶯣Ҷҽڱ𣬻ʿǵոˡ
δҮûӦ
ȥѾһ
ٴ¾ˮ
ʴȵϵ۰㻹ܸһĻᣬңҵŮɡһУҵĴȫҵĴҵĴ
δҮδҮϵغ֣ʧһ㲻ͣعδҮδҮô㣬һҪ㣬ҰµҲûʲôҪģ㣬һҪ
һᣬϸϸشӷδҮ۽Ǵػ
һӾͱס˺
ڣʼڲͣطһּٵĽеײ죬̶ޱȡ
һУֻһξͺˡ
ֻΣͺˡ
̾һԽĲȥ
ǲˣʱϵһ仰һУֻһξͺˣΪ£ΪΪ̫ڰҲҲҲڡǣӱܣ𣿼ʹһҲҪѵʶԼѣջҪʵģʵʵ
⡣
һһʣҽδҮĶԲԣ
תͷһۡ
һԳĬŽظؿڣȻһذ¡
һüһԣ࡭

49 ǿǲ



һԣ࡭鵣ǵѿڶ
һԽҧƶǿҡҡͷȻתһȥؿ滺ఴ
Ҳˣ֪Ӳ̣ʱҲʵڲĽҪȣֻüǿԼķʶʱ׼ˡ
˺һһԺȻƵؿҲ˳ƵǰȥţһֺصĴϢǵ³Ƶش
ȡȿȡһ߿һ߽üͷżѶʹشϢ
һԣǻزȰɣվǿȥٶȳѯʡ
һɾǿҡͷһŲҰ׵͸ϣ˺ǡ
û¡˺һŴӼѵĴϢг̧ͷ˵һȴʼռᶨҡҪȵδҮ
ȵδҮһҪȵδҮ
ǣȵˣҪأ
ڶ졣
峿⣬ҵش̴Ʋ㣬һŴһͷ£ϵÿһ޴أ·еϵЩҶ֦⣬Ӳָűĳգһ֦֦һһ㣬ڱĿһַ̬
еһһ׵ƣأƶţЩǾֹŵġ
ѩڻܿ죬ͻȫˮϵĸֳڣǣصȴű
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Ϸɻòů΢Цͷкǰǰ̫˰ůͶ
ůͶ
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ֻǶħһҩҲ֮£ΪѾ̵ΪǱĺӣԶԸΪħΪ㣬Ű
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аǽǱתȥһƵһ䣬ôû°ɣ
Ҫ˿ڲֻǷδҮЩԻָʱҪȱ˾һ㡣һ㱨ţһЩ˼һؿŰü
лǺ׳ſţõسĬš
Ĳȥһ̲סһ
ȥسͷ鶪ȥ㿴Ƕ˵ǲǰΪ˿ڶƺһ
ܲպñϵ۾ᵽһߣöð̶ı飬Цòˣð̲סͳ鶯żЦ
۾ҧ´ֺݺݵؽͷŰж˻̫

ȫ˰еһҾ徵Ĳҽ
ǺܿģһϸЦҽ֮ϸϸʶ
ʲôأԼţ
˰飬ʵҲ֪δҮһԣѰ˿ĵزˣֺαѰ·ǰһأ
ΨһһǣʲôûйϵֻҪδҮ־ͺá
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ԭӵУãҲǣ
Ρ
ͬգͬŴأͬţǸԼ
ڡ
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ֵӼűƳ
ֵҽķδҮúøԭ顣
ֵڣȻĺʹȴʼûе¡
ļǿΪ㣬δҮΪ㣬еģݼǿǡ
ϸϸڴϲȥ
ܰ
綼ܰ
һԡһȴ˸мεĺ
һԵǣᳶδҮˣˣ
һԡĺǳŸмΡ
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