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˵Ҫ죬ǽ˺ȥǵ̳᲻ûǮˣΪոսԼĻ˷ӣʡԼУת˰һ˫ӣٺٱѽǴ۵ġ
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Ҳ֪˶ã֮ĪС꿸оǺóóʱ䣬ʶصԼĴʱһӳۣŬ˰źòװۣո̫ûгŬĶ˶ӣôһҲûѽóһ
ˣǵһʱˣܿ¥·ƿ˿ֻһƬ͵ԶһСϪѽѵҴˣ뵽ĪС꿼æϸĿܣûĪСѾȷǴˣڻ֪ˣٿڵԼˣСССС֣ѽ25ŮڳһСƨ
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ĪС꿵ûãͱӵĹˣڵһҪˣ̵ĵطĪСһ󱯰
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ʱֹˣȥһģֻѧϰǰһ¿ۺǧﳤľĪСǲôġ
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һĪСĳԲȥˣҲˣһô£ĪС꿸̾Լ˲ңΪʲô˴ԽǻʺģεҲǸѾʲôģٶȱԺѽĪСΪʲôҪ䵽Ұ˳伢ү̫ƽˣĪС䲻ʲô˴ˣҲʲô֮ˣɣ
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ڷ˰£СӲźյϤĪСѾȫ˽ڵ״һļƻԼԺС

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ڷˣĪС꿿Լǰķ룬һüͷǰЩƬŵԼ˿СܺͷСɽСܴһЩû¶ʲô飬СɽһĽ⼸Ƭⶼ˿ˮ
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СɽҲ˵𣿾С°ɣǾ͵һã˵ûʶ֣ƽʱԽʶ֣Ƕѽ
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СܺͷСɽҲЦŻӦˣЦ˵İɣҪ۸㣬
˵һ˾ͿĵЦˣĪСмˣһӵĸ壡
ĪССϣԼļƻԼѾһңѾԱ֤ˣҪһҵԼҪŬԼҪľ˲ţԼ˲š
ͩеĺʣΪͩûЩ߰ĺǾˣԼڴаһѧýʶѽ뵽ĪСоһͼ
˵ڶϳȫ˶ڳԷʱĪС꿶Է˵ɵ㵽ȥ𣿡
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ȻֶĪС˵С꿣˳ϲʲôɵ򡣡
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Сɽ˵ҲҪһҪˡ
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簮ĪС꿵ͷЦ˵ѽȫҵĿĹˣɵȥɣĿĵ㣬ϲʲôɵǮ
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һοŴĳĪС꿵۾еĿϾˣǿʲôҲʣ¿ĪС꿵ӡ
ЦС꿣ǲǿʲôҲѽԺֻҪʱҾʹתת˳ǿǳĳȫҲһģҪǴ̫Զһ춼С꿣Ҫȥһ˳ԱңЩ͹ȥǺһȥȵׯȥѽ
ĪС룬Է˵ɵȰ͵ׯɣѡҲҪһҲܵģһȥͻɣٽҲ١
һ㲻ĵҲãʡʱ䣬Ͼͩ嵽˳Ҫϰ죬̫ȥֻ»⣬ǵ˵ͷӦˣĪС꿷ŵׯĪСһҪׯܡ
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ȺڹһɢˣĪСǿཱུĪС꿣Ǹ˵ԲСãһʱ˲㣬Ǿʮúá
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￴ԶȥĪС꿣ĬĬ˵ĪС꿣ĪС꿣ȥлģ
ʱĪСͿĵĲˣôǮȻ˷ˣû뵽Լһ仰ȴΪ˿Ѱʮ֮ãһΪԺһԵ

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˵ĪС꿻صׯԼҪúֵָ͵ŷʱֿʼ򷽵½ЩǮʱ򣬷¼ݳˡ
һĪС꿣˵˵С꿶⻹ʣһǮðɣ
ĪСһ»ˣǼæ˵ˣɵˣǣǻؼҰɡ
ҲûʲôŵϣͺĪС꿻ؼˣĪС꿵ϳһ̲ƽΪʲôɵûôණҪǮѽ
ʵΪԼΪЩѽֽһܱˣΪǶӹĪС꿻ģ⵹ĪСʡ˲ϸ
صҺĪС꿽СܺͷСɽҪĶָˣֵܸ˺һ󣬶ĪС꿽ЩֽԼͿʼһ߿һоΰѧá
ĪСһ춼ڲͣĿƻĪСڿҲû˵ʲôֻǽСܺͷСɽҪȥĪС꿣ĪС꿸жѣû뵽ôͨ
ĪС꿵Ľѧƻʳ¯ˣͨЩ鼮ĪС˽ʱѧҲʱյһЩʷĻٽԼִ˵ǻۣܽһʺڵĽѧϣ̵ʱڽЩ֪ʶ̸ˣһӶһ˲ģԼͶɹĪС꿸еޱȵĸˣǸ߸˵ȥҷΪһ»Ҫͷ⡣
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ô˵СɽҲ͵ԣȫ֧㣡
ĪС꿸˵ĶԷСܺͷСɽ˵ллǣҾ֪һ֧ҵġ
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·򸾽ϢĪС꿣ĪС꿸һĪС뷽һʱ佫ķӴɨɾ˵ĪСҪѧãҲ׷֧֣ǮĳǮĳǳĶ࣬ϾͩҲ̫ԣڴҵİ£ͩѧʽѧˡ
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ÿĪСϿΣЩʶѧְͬĺӷֱ𸨵оڶĽݣִĽѧģʽϷҫܺúǰѧϰõ֪ʶ˵ĵһ̸ͬǡ
ǾĪСææµµ̳꣬ѧЩӸǷ˾޴ı仯Ļر¡飬һЩĺӶȥɵҵʵĻĹǮһ˶ࡣ
ͩǣĪС꿿˵ǳ׵ķˣȻѧѵģǴǻǲʱĽһЩƷͳԵ͸ĪС꿣ʱĪСЩѧҲǺΰģΪСأĪС꿿ɼҲʮָˡ
ĪСҲǰǸСԶСŮСŮʱĪС꿲ŷڵӻǳĲ㲻ɫҲˡ
С뷽СɽͨѧϰҲСǰͿʼĪСһ𽲿ΣĪС꿲̫ۡĪС꿼ʵʩڶƻʱһ˵˴ƻ

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ЩӣĪСƻԼηƣȻ˲Ĳˣʽ̫ˣΪæڽѧûй׬Ǯ˵˳Ҳȥ˼Σ˳Ҳ˼γ⣬˲ӣǾĪС꿵ļƻǲ̫࣬ĪСڷ˳ڿһۺϾ¥Ƿ̫һʱʵѽĪСʮͷʹ
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ǮĶ˵ʽУĪС꿱ĲУڳԿһҲֻ⼸ûбֳһʱæѽڳԹҰ˵ĪС˵ڷķõĳʳҲʳ˵÷СܺͷСɽ֪ԼԼϾֶһ---
˰죬ĪС꿾ȥһη˳ǣǿʲô֮ϣôԼͷԱȱ˶ǧĻ֪ʶԼһԼľʡ
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ȻĪС꿶ԷСۣܿڼ﷽СܿǺŮԵϾŴĺӶ죬СٹͿȢˡ
ڴĺӱĪС꿽ĶĳɼңΪĪСǽΣܶ࣬ʵΪĪС꿿Сܸ۵ĳСӶܱô˧֪껹᲻䣬һҪףĪС꿵ԺѡԾʹˣٺٵȻ뷨ǲñ֪ġ
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ĪСѾʮˣСһֱϲֻǲֳΪ֪Լ䲻ΪС֪ĪС̫ɫˣһиĳɾָͣоҲڲϵĸ˵С꿽Ǹ˲ĺӡԼֻҪ߾֪ˣҲںĪСǲҲΪʲôͬܵһ𵽳򹤵ԭ
ĪС꿻عʱСԼεЦЦԷС˵Բղ˵ʲôû壿
СЦŶĪС˵ҲûʲôǺ˵ѧһжã㲻õģЩûȥǶˡ
ĪС˵ޣЩæȥѧðɣ쵽ȥʲôҪСɽ˵Ҹӻȥ
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Сһɵһ죬˵꿶㣬滵һСأôѽ
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ĪСЦ˵㲻𣿡
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ϵķʮַḻĪС꿰ԵģĪС뷽Сһߴһ߳ԣǵķ·Ц
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һ˧Լʲô붼û˵ҽĪС꿣ʮ꣬סɽͩ壬ֺܺ

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Żش˵Ӧ㣬ôɽʲô
ŷСܲƵӣû⣬ش˵ⴵӡ
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˵ֻһ·ˣţǾһû뵽ǣĸǺҴûĸ裬д𣿡
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Сڷͷϣ󺰵ôˣСܻˣôˣΪʲôһѽСܲ˯ǿѽ

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ĪСߵ˼Զߣû˵ֻǾߣ˼Զ˿ĪС꿣˵С꿣û˯ѽ
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˼ԶĪС꿣һЦ˵Ҫô룬ûдʵڵһοʱҾ֪һ򵥣ΪϵĽ˺أʦ㣬˵˵Ȼ˵Ҫúչ㡣ԴѺĴҲòΪֻʮĺ˲ǲˣѧ书ǲĴҲôʦ֮ڸЩΪ˲ĽᣬԺҲøıʲôֻҪԼˡ
ĪС˵ţ˵ҶֻѶѣʦ֣ɲһ⣿
˼Զ˵ʲô⣿
ĪС꿿˿˼Զ˵ʦ˵ĳҵĴ󣬺ޱҵһѽ
˼ԶޱĻش𣺡ûֻǽĵףϣûǿʱǲ״
ĪС꿵ͷĬĬ˵ǰͻȻʧȥ˼䣬һ˽һ£ͩķ巽һ˶ҺõĲˣΪԼҸȥû뵽һǰİ뱻ĴˣһȺѰһСûҵͽĴ˶ɱˣ巽ѪУҵһθеôҸеԼĺûãҵıݺݵĴʹˣʹҪָоڻʱʱΧҡҺͷĶСܸҵ˴ҴĺӣߣȺ˼ûҵҪҵˣʹɱڣüɽϣСܸźߣɽЩ˷ϵˣҪɱңҾһڲ֪СܸǲǶ׷ɱ֪ôֲȣΪ֪뱨ҪԼǿҲˣСʦΪͽҵʱҲڶģҲ֪Լ᲻ɹǼվͶرãԲʦ֣ʱûĶ㣬㲻Ұɣ
ĪС꿳˼Զޱ˵Ҳ㣬ΪҺʹ۾ͽˣֺʹС꿣쿪ʼһ㶼ҪǲУҪˣΪҪҪѧǿˣȥ˯ɣ
ĪС꿶Ÿ˼ԶɵһЦ˵ˣʦ
˵ĪС꿾ͻصԼȥ˯ˣĪСѾͨˣʦ˵ҪҪѧǿѧ

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˼ԶĪСߺΪĪС꿵ĻˣĳޣΪԼ侲˼ԶٴηҩأҪԼƽ
˵ڶ죬˼Զ㿪ʼ˶ĪС꿵ѵһ쿪ʼĪС꿵Ҳɹţѧϰڹķľҩϴ衣
˼ԶΪ˻һ۰ĪС꿣ĪСҲԾ겻ϰĪС꿵书ѾˣΪ˸еοȻֽԼһҽޱĽ̸ĪС꿡
ʱæµжȹ࣬ʱĪСѾһСˣĪС꿸еܾȣžеԼĪСе㲻ţ峺ͫףüĽë覵Ƥ͸ۣССıСС죬촽ģ΢䡣
ѽĪСӣҲ̫˰ɣүЦĴĵ㣬ɲ뵱ʲôˮŮ̫˻鷳ԭΪ岻᳤̫˭뵽̥һĪС꿲ʮ֪꣬᲻䣬˵Ůʮ˱
һĪС꿾͵׼ԵˣԴӸ˼ԶȺĪС꿿˵Ҫû취˭ΪͷʹˣϰǴͳ
ĪС꿳˼СˣȻС׵⳦죬С׳⳦ǳˣֻҪһ첻ԣչȥԣΪÿ춼⣬ֻ⳦ˡ
СĪС꿸õĲˣԴѧṦĪС꿾ͻᾭСϵɣΪ˺͸˼Զ۲˺óʱ䣬ΪСֻĪСΪֱɫ
ڸ˼ԶʮȺмֻΣĪС꿶ĽĲˣΪ̫ΪɲȣĪСҲû취ڿǺʦģϾʦ书ߵġ
ĪС꿺Ϊ˳Է֮ʱֻС׵УĪС΢ü˵˵С׸ճԹ⳦ֽʲôѽ淳ˣ
Ϊ˱߳Ա˵С꿣ȥǲʦֻˣ
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˼ԶĪСһۣȻɫ˵С꿣ʦһˣһٺǽͣ˵ĺأ
ĪС꿵˵ͷɿȥΪˣ˼Զ˴ԼŵϣΪ˺ĪСҲȺΪû˵ʲôֻǿ˿˼ԶȻ͸ϵ
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˼ԶصĻػʦͽһѣġ
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ĪС꿵Ļشû˵ʲôֻɫöˡµһ仰ȴöҪȵĪСˡ

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ıڹ˵٣ԴӳȺͱϧˣĪС꿸еܲˬ˵һĪС꿾͸һţ顣
⽫ûŮ죬ҲûѾߣֻҲλ輶ģҲֻġĪСϰԼչԼҲͲʲôʣĪСһ׳棬ÿ˯˯˳ԣκη¡
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ɻĿĪС꿣ʣСʲôоʧѽ
ĪС꿻ûп˵ֻһԵͳ˵ˣСҪӵĻԽ̸һ̸ҵĳ˵ʲôûá
ĪС˵ĻЦЦаһͺܲ⳵һǮȻһǮҪˣԼȱǮתͽ˳һĪСɵۣѽһУɣôô˧ѽ
ֻһɫۣһͷڷûɫ˿ţһ˫üһ˫ʮ۾ֱͦıӣԸе˫ЦЦĿԼĪСһĭӵĿһۣȻ棬ôһԼƯˡ
úǸ˵㼴ȻˣҵľʧѾҪˣҲҪһͿԡ
в˵һţǺܶ࣬˵ľʧҺû˵ɲԸҽһѽҪԼǲӦøǮ
ĪСһ˵ãҾ͸㽲ʧָĳڴϳټݳײңΪݣӳҲ죬ûʲôϵ˺ΪĳһΪʹСӰҵľͻȻţӶҵľܵ˺Ҫ⳥;ϵʧãΪĳ֮ԷĴΪ˵Ŀ͹ʹǮҪ˵𣿡
пĪС꿵ĳƪۣе˼ҡҡͷ˵ף֪ڷҫûôһ涨ѽ
ĪСŭȻҧ˵ôûУϾУ˵оУô˵㶼Ҫӡ
ȻЦһ£˵ޣԭȱǮѽĻҾˣҪҪҵӣŶûУ㳤ĲϣӣʮӣĿˮѰɣҪӵĻҵŮ檵ģӲģ˵ŽʮӵĪС
ĪС꿵ͷʮӣˣǺˣֽʮӳ˳⣬ֻ˺һ˭ѽôűүͷôʮӣӷˡȻûˡ
ĪС꿵ǸһۣжһӴ˧罵˳ˣһһĶ˵ˣĪС꿿ɲΪ˶Ӳôĵĺ˵ô࣬ΪĴҲҪǮˣΪǻˣں˲ҪΪǮ⸱еģŲϡʮӣΪ֪պ͵ĵ㣬Ҫҡ˵תȥˡ
ǸһȵĿĪС꿵ȥһҡͷһ˵Ů˼ĪСǰɣסˣϣǻ
ĪС·ϣ鳬ƣû뵽ô֪ôĳˣŶӾͶˣ̧ſȥһҾ¥ǿ첽ǰһĵط˼С˳
ԱĪС꿷һص⣬ûǮǸѽԼΪʲôҪʮѽȻھͲΪǮˡ
˿ܣԷ˲̫࣬ûһʶģĪСֱ̾ǳûôʲôù¶Լѽ취ȻһͲˡ
ˣǲԼ书̫ˣҲĪСµķ񡣸ԼûǮѽѽʱС˵С㣬Ժðɣǲǰʽһ£
ĪС꿿Ц˵С磬Ǯѽ
СһĪС꿵ӣеˣû˵ʲôֻǻػһһӡ
ĪСѽԼһĶûѽ֪ͺ͹ܼҪٳˣûкҩѽôѽ

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СѾǰС϶ûдǮСﳤҴҲӦǴ˼ҵС㣬ûǮҲǳ£ּûѾʲôֲ̺ҿ϶һʱҲû˵ʲôĻ
ĪСＱѽһĪС꿱еɵˣ֪Ǻá
СĪС꿲˵ֻһżӣˣתƹ֣ƹӿ첽ССĶƹ˵䣬ƹ˵ͷˣСȥ飬ĪС꿣ʵСǲûѽ֪Сĸϵģûӣǿȥ˹
ĪС꿿ƹˣ˼ˣǵ˵ͷ̧ͷ˵˼æǴˣסϽ򽫾ѡ
ȻСǻˣûƹ˵ʲôֻ¥һ˶ƹ˵ƹλСķǮϰɣȻ򽫾ȻҲµѡ
ĪСһ˰Լʣһ̧ͷһһŭNNDôһУֻ¥ǸˣҲͶʮңɫ𪣬дһĨΣ˧ִһĨᣬҲǸˮղǸ˲¡
ֻǸƹЦ˵ׯȻˣСȻ
ȻֶĪС˵λС㣬ʾͲḶˣׯѾ㸶ˡ˵ͻصԼʹȥˡ
ǸׯߵĪСߣСˣЦʵ֪С㷼Ԫ졣
ĪСͿԪһĵɻǻش𣺡СĪС꿣޹µǷǮܿ컹㣬סڽǲһýΪԼծ
ԪĪС꿻С˺棬û뵽ԼΪΧȴ飬֪黹ǹ̬ʵޣǲ֪ĪС˵ĺܿǶ죿Һ֪κܿĻǮ
Ԫ⽫ּܿĪСһ֪ԪΪ⡣
ĪС꿿˿Է˽ĶˣͻȻ뵽һð취һɴȻߵм䣬еĿˣ˵˼ĸλһ£
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ʱʣʫģѽأ֪Ӯк˵
ĪС΢Ц˵δǮһöָҲֵǮ˷ָӮˣҪһӣΣ
ĪС˵ŽϵĽָչһ£ʱԪ쿴ָһֱڸղŵĳ嶯ʱҲûã뵽־ĪС꿵ı֡
һĪС꿵Ľָжֵ˵ˣָѽҿֵأĴֵѽ
ĸˣһ˾Ϳڣã˾һȣ˵ùźãȻηʤ
Ӧģ˵¶ˣе˶ԷĪСǵıԣĪСҲܸԣʵһʼĪС꿲ûָծΪָ֪һֵǮ᲻ó֣ԵĻĪС꿿ɲ䣬ǧĻ֪ʶĶʮһ͵꣬ǲܻģеģϾǰǴѧϵҵģʫʸ踳˵ϾͨҲ
ĪСʮֿģʤȯյ˵ˣĸһ˳һ⿼ңҴĶԲԣĴʤΪӮھ¥епΪίΣ
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ʱǶС˽ĸ˿ǾĽܣĲɺõĲˣ϶Ӯ
Ҳ˵ɲһ㿴СţҲӮ
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Ǹ˵ˣվ˵Ǻã·⣬ҳһ򵥵ĶӣԳǣһ¡
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Ǹз˵˵ͷ˵ˡ
ʱȺǷ׷ۿˣΪ̫ˣСôǷҪһ
ĸ˲ǵۣվ˵壬ˣɷʫһףΪ⡣
ĪС˼һΪ⣬ܶ࣬Ҫѡһõģǿ
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Ĭ£һ󣬶ĪС˵Ĳɣķڷ
ĪСЦЦ˵ˣ
İĪС˵Ĳɲ¹ɣͳһˣмͬһʮͷоʮ㣬ʼøмֻ
ĪСһѽôͬⶼˣû뵽⾩˲żüѽãϰʱѧˣһˣΪǺѣԪ춼ΪĪС꿵
ֻĪС꿲Ųæ˼һ¾˵12ֻ23ֻ֪Բԣ
ĪС꿵Ĵ𰸲ɵĳһΪƽǲôģĪСȴһĹоã˵û1223¿ɷһ£ôģ
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ʱһ˵ߣ˴ϻۣˣ
ȺкȻȺãǶΪĪСӮˣΪǰСŮǴ۽磬Ӯˣ֪һǲӮı䲻Ӯʵˡ

ʮ һǳδ֪

˶ȺʱĸվĪС˵ĪĲɺܺãʤһҲɣڻ뿼һɷ񣿡
ĪС꿵ͷ˵Ȼԣ
Ǹ΢ЦŶĪС˵䣬֪ɶɣ֪ܷһ¡
ĪСһİЦǹͺʦѧᵯˣѲסĪСʣ֪ɷ٣
ֻ¥һŵ˵һ٣ýСɣ䣬ֻһСͯһѹݸĪС꿣ȻĪС˵ҼҰٸСúá
ĪС꿿٣ȻǰѺ٣˰ΣĪС꿽ٷźãǱ
߹ճ໨ʷŨתƿĵһױȽȽ̴͸Ȼֽ߱˸һ룬ɫȾŮͼζ˽أȻһЦ纬ţһƮɢȥȥ˵ĵطɫڵ㣬ǧƿ麺ǰƮݣ͵Ϊʣɫڵ㣬ɫο˽֣紫໨Թ۴Ц⣬ɫ׻ĽԾȻףġʱȴ㣬Ҥǧܣϸ廨أŽẒ̇ͭ·ǽС㣬īɽˮīɫȥɫڵ㣬ǧƿ麺ǰƮݣ͵Ϊʣɫڵ㣬ɫο˽֣紫໨Թ۴Ц⡣
ϳס໨ɡǺĪСԼеˣٿͱˣδعĪС꿲Щߵǰ˵֪㲻Ӯѽ
ϻع˼ĿĪС꿣Ȼ˵ȻǹӮˣԸķ䣬һƱ¡
ĪС꿵Ȼˣ˰ΪһѽõӸ˵ҵƹ˵ƹҵķǮԼüǸׯˣǮɣ
ֻƹûнĪС꿵Ʊ˵ˣĲĳʮٷˣﲻҪ
ĪСһеȻѽ˵һлͳ˵ţʱǲŻعסĺãĪСʱŷѾˣǶס̾Ϣ
ԪҲھ̾ĪС꿵ĴϻʱŷԼһʶѻᣬְա
ĽҲڰΪʲôûλķסַȻͬյ˻в١
ĪС˵Լһס໨ɡ˲ٷգֻ֪ѡ
תһȦĪСѾԾһЩ˽⣬Ҫھ㿪껹ҪһʵĪС˽⵽⾩̣ܶ඼ʵĺ̨ΪľĻģҲƼ˲ٰϵ꼰ʽͶʵ̣ĪСеͷۣҪ겢еô򵥡
ԼвٽӣҲҪ˼·äĿԣһҪ˽иҵеĹغͱΪ˱ǴӰӰ˽˵뵽ĪСҲµ뷨Ǿͱ߱߼ƻ
ŻƻգĪСҲصˣصϢһһСˣǰһȥԣ˼ԶĻ
ĪС꿸еֵĺܣû뵽¿Ӱʦ֣ôͻȻܳѽ鲻⣬ҪԵģϴһ£͵ǰȥˡ
ǰһ˼ԶǣҲһҲڳϸǸ꿡ţ͸һ֮ôôС˵еĻ¥
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ֻǸ겢ûеʲôΣֻϸĻش𣺡ǵģ´С˫ĿʧĪСǺһ۾Ϳˡ
ĪСЦ˵ûʲôֻ˵ĸоͻ¥һҾ뵽ҲҲǸϹӡ
ĪС˵Ϲʱ˼ԶĶһļĪСôô֪ءǸһ˿죬ҲûǾʣ֪˵Ļ¥Ǻѽ
ĪС꿿˼ԶĵҲ֪ΪʲôҲеһ˿˼ǰû˵ޣǸ¥ҵһѣ۾ʧȴûΪԼǸϹӶԹˣҲûмʱ˱ˡȻԶںڰ֮Уٱ˿һҵϹӣƫƫñκ˶֣ԼӵеѾ㣬һֱõǴҸĹԣϹһҪôͷɥʮְ˲ٵĻݡǵʺ̬һҲһܿʺ˰!
Ǹ꣬¶ȣĶĪС˵˵Ŀģ˵һ֪λںδɷȥݼһ
ĪСһаԼѽô죬¥ֻеԼֻϲѣ˵Լѣ˼ҪôĵѽֻӲͷƤ˵˼㿴ΪҲֻ֪֪Ĵȥˣ˵Ҫһֻֻɯ黪ԵҶ֪ġ
ĪС꿵Ļ겻ɫһӦһͲ˵ˣĪС꿿ûм׷ʣһ
˼ԶĪС꿵飬Ѿ֪һǸæǸ˵㲻Ҫ⣬ʦû˵ûûСʲô㲻Ҫ֡
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ĪС꿵˸˼Զһۣ˵ûʲô£ΪʲôҪǸѽ
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˼Զ˿ĪСû˵ʲôȻкϹ³ԷĪСʱҲˣΪӶˣٿ϶ƽʱԵĲˣ˵ֻԼ³Է˼Զˡ
˼ԶĪС꿶ĳЦһ£û˵ʲô˱ߺȱߺȣԹĪСȥʱ˼ԶסˣС꿣ȱߣһҪ˵ҵ鷿һˡ
˼ԶϹ˵Բ𣬷ҪС˵ʧˡ
ϹЦŻش𣺡ûϵȥɣҾˡ

ڶʮ 鷿ѵ֪

Ǹ˼ԶĪС鷿ĪС꿵鷿û˼Զֻһˣ˼ԶŹغãתĪС꿣ҡҡ谮˵С꿣˵ʲôѽֻһʱ䣬ֿʼˣ˵ȥʲôˣ
Ȼ˼ԶĻû𱸵˼ĪСͱŲٵĻǳŸ˼Զĺ˵أпĹֻ֪Լ£ͰˣˣӽԺҲչˣԼԼҳȥ⾩ʲô̻׬Ǯôˣʲôѽʦ֣
ĪС꿵Ļ˼Զüͷ壬֪ԼЩӶĪСеԣЩ𣬿һĪСҪȥԼ׬ǮҲ˵̻׬ǮΪƾǳЩС׬ǮֻãĸӮһΪÿ㶼ô𣿲Ҫһжּ򵥡
ĪС꿵Ÿ˼Զ˵ô֪ҽ٣ǲ˸ңǣ˸һ֪һǸԪģԲԣ
˼Զε˵Ϊأ֪жѾ嶯֪Ѿע⣬ΪԼû֪˭
ԪǵѲǲʲôΣգȴ֪㵯ʱٸʲôǸ˾ү--ԯ񣬶ʱںһǵ䳬֪ĵ˾ɲ򵥣̫ϵͬѰڼǰ̫˫֮սǱӵģǱ̫ӵģȻ̫˳˻ʵۣӱΪԭ̫ȴûгүǵӵ׵ܵܣҲ̫׶ӣǻıȨλ
ЩӺæ֪ʱ̫ˣҲǹ㣬㲻֪ѾԼΣյķϣǻע⵽㣬Ҹܵ˺
˵긵˼Զ̾˿ĪС󣬲ˣŸ˼ԶͻȻʦںˣΪЩıѾһֳĲɣУĪСĪʹߵ˼ԶߣֺõĶ˵Բ˼Զ磬ԺһСĵģ̫³çˣ㲻Ҫҵˣòã
˼ԶĪС꿽˼Զ磬һӺöˣ§סĪС꿣һεЦ˵ҲԼΪԼ书ܸߣԼ𣬿û뵽ȺҲŷԼһ˵ǶôСڲýĵİҪүɾһû̫ʵúñ㣬һ˺֪ĵˣĺ£ԸղҵĻе㲻Ҫ⡣
ĪС꿿ڸ˼ԶĻУеȻ󾲾˵֪֪飬ʵҸղҲеݣҲ˽ѴЩҺúõˣ֮ԲܺܿıΪǵʵ˵һ˵ǺСģʵȱĲֻʽȻаӰţǰӰʵ̫Сˣ˼Զ磬ҲһֱҵĳҪԼҲ֪Һ㲻ͬҵڻ֪˭ڸҪŬԼʵ㹻ȥ׷ˣ˼Զ磬ͬҳԼչɣԼһƬأ
ŻнС˶˼ԶԶȥԴǰĪС꿺ԼһľסȻ֪ĪСֻǰֳһںΪһСŮ᳤ģһֱȣȵ
Ѿĺܱ£˫۵۾һˣѾԼߣ£Сᱻ˷֣Լ޷סġ
ĿĪС꿣˼Զ̾һȻ˵ɣСȱԼȥҵһЩ̣ãȻĿһȰҴһЩ̣ȻһڻԼɣһҴȥӰŵܲȻʽӹܰӰһæڲ䳬֤ͬϾ˼̫࣬𣿡
ĪС꿸˵ĿŸ˼ԶȻĵ˵Ȼˣ˼Զ磬ЩԼҵ˼ү֪֪
˼Զ˵Լģǲ֪飬İɣ
ĪС꿵˵ͷ˵Ǿͺã˼Զ磬ĵʲôѽҿֻ֮ô򵥰ɣ
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ĪС꿼æ˵ģҲ˵ġ
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ĪСĵ˵ͷЦ˵İɣ׵ģһؿƿġ
ʱĪС꿷ָ˼ԶڽıԼЩ˼ˣѳȻЦŶԸ˼Զ˵˼Զ磬ȻȥϢˣ˵Զתͳȥˡ
˼ԶĪС꿵뿪һʧ䣬е˶Ѿˣл㣬˼Զ̰˵ζ
ĪС꿻ص󣬻Ž£ͻȻеһѹԴûôãԼеΪ˾һҪӱŬǲеġ

ڶʮһ µ֪

ת˰죬ǲ˯ڻ̫ĪС꿿Ҳϵİ˵࣬˵ʱϵĹ٣⻹ʦָԼǰͩľ٣뵽ĪСЦЦǿͩˣʦһƾͱˣãΧֳ˼С
ңһʱĪС꿽ٱͤıۣŹȥĵεΣĵˡɽ顷һҵ˸оֱߵ߳
ϸƮ,ҡ,ƾİ鳤ѩ,ƺ,ˣ°,н,Ը,ĵ,ΪҪ,¶,һߣҵ,ֻƬ,дþдþ,̰һԸ,,ĺĺ,·ʱʱ̿,,ˮԵ,,,,ԧ첻ɡ춯,ɽ,˲ϢƣѰ,,̤Һ쳾,,Ĳݺ,ǧ,ֻת.Ϊ,į,һߣ˼,ǧ,˵塭˵,ֻһ,,ѰѰ,ʱʱ̣̿,ǧԵ,,,,ԧ첻ɡ
ĪС꿾һԼڸУԼǰʮϲĸ֮һǰûʱȻԼû̸ÿγ׸裬Ͷ룬Ϊеİֹǧ궼氮֪ǲǻһ氮
뵽ⲻɵ뵽˷Сܣ뵽˸˼ԶġȻѾûǵϢˣԼһֱûзѰǣ뵽СܶԼĸ飬ĪСѾˣֻΪԼֻ֮飬ԾֻװɵˣԼʱСҲûʲô˼ɣ⼸ûҲǷʵİ⣬ҲѾҵһ֪Ҳпܵģ
ڸ˼ԶֻǵԼʦֳֺԴӶǸεҹĪС꿾͸е˼ԶԼĸˣֵʦùϵˣ뵽ҹĪС꿾һ죬û취˭ԼʱôСģΪԼСû⣬ҩϴʱСı˼ԶӣǱϾŴǵĹǺܱصģʦֶԼһθУθѾ˰˵һģѽĪС꿿ûô࣬˵ֻǴҴҵĿһۣûпʲôԼû⣬ȴһֱڻĪС꿶Ҳֻ˳ȻˣһʱûʱЩ¡
أĪСҲеԼ̬е㲻һҲвŷֵģû뵽ƽʱһĬԵˣһЦֻĪСǰŻỰЦݶ࣬øЩŶΪԼĹϵԶԼܹĪСͷ˺ü죬Ҳֻ֮֮ˣ˵뷨˵ҲýѽһǰĻǻҲ徲ѽ
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ĪСʱҲµϹ˵Ϲӡ
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ĪСɫ˵Ҳǣ⾩֪ʦֵ˺٣ʶأ
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ϹﲢûĪС꿵̬ȣֻǵһЦ˵˽е뷨Ҳġˣܲٵһסɽ顯ѽܺһһ顣
ĪСˬĴӦˣֽɽ顱һ飬ϹǺš
ɫ֮£һԿŮһķ羰΢˿˿ƮȻ裬˿Ļһᾪ̾

ڶʮ 涾а

һպ˾þû˵˺һϹ˵ľˣУ˸еİ飬׺ӣҲã飬ԧ첻ɡ
ĪСе˵û˵ôãֻжѣ֪Ϲûѽ
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ĪСԺ󣬲ΪĻƽкã˵˵ĺã˲ŶԣమֻҪҲգһԼͶõˣɹһˣҵ뷨һ
ϹĪС꿵ĳ޲ɵ¶ϲɫ˵Īﵹµ֪ѽ
ĪСЦ˵ҿĺܸΪ֪ѡ
ϹЦŶĪС˵Ҳܸ˳Ϊ֪ѣҿԽС𣿡
ĪС΢ЦȻУҾͽɣ
Ϲ˵ͷĬˣĪС꿵Ϲͷֿ˿Ϲ۾ʵҿɲһ⣬㲻ԸشҲԲش𣿡
ϹﵭȻ˵ʲô⣿
ĪС꿲˼С˵۾Ϊʲôģ
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ĪСӲͷƤʣûιѽ
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ĪСҲ΢ЦҲǱ˼ֻΪʦѧҽ㿴۾Ϊζʧ֪ɲԣ
Ϲ˵Ȼԣ㿴ɣ
ĪСߵϹߣϸĿ˿۾ȻΪһ۾˼
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ĪСֻϹ۾ûзϹ֪Ϲҵ顣
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ĪСüͷɻʣǼĲʲô
Ϲش𣺡괺죬˵˺
ĪСҡҡͷʣϹûʲôˣûкܺˣ
ϹﲻĻش𣺡ʲô˼ѵ㻳ƺʧ
ĪСĻش𣺡ǻɣǿ϶֪ʧΪΪ˶
ϹɵһȻļҲɹöǾϣҲ鲻ʲôԼʦҲʲôԾͲ½ۣĪС꿵һοԼ϶ԼǱϹģе㲻š
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ĪС꿵ĻʱϹʹסˣΪʲôԼԺÿ춼ȫʹĸʱ侲ιԼһֺѺȵĶʱԼ֪ԭкǲ⣬һЩԣΪԼĸҪԼΪ˶Լĸײ˺⣬ҲΪԼĸô꣬Լʹûˣ۾ȴϹˣԼΪĸΪԶޣֱȥԼҲûΪһᡣ
ʵĪС˵ԼһֱԼĸԼôĺ޾ʹشˡԼҲΪʲôԼĸ׵ʱ׻ԼҲΪʲô׶δȢÿĸ׼ʱῴĸ׵ȵԭΪԼĸԼĸס
ΪĸΪޣԼ͸ףѡǣԭһжʮԼ޵ĸ׾ȻԼˣԼôһֱԼĸס

ڶʮ ޺

ϹʧȥǣԼϾҪˣǼڣԽԽңҲ֪Լܵļֻһطú÷йԼ
ϹʹӣĪСѾ˼֣ǸϹȷϹܵԼĪС꿸еһΣǵһʱĺ񱻾һµʹˣϹѾʧȥ˸ղŵȣ벻ֻĪС꿵ļ仰Ϲ⸱ʧǵӡ
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ϹûоܾĪС꿵ĻȻ˵еСˣѾȫԷˣǽͷĪС꿵ĻĬĬĿš
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֪ΪʲôԴӿϹĵһۣĪС꿾һֲøоϹĪСԼδϹ׼ȷʮԼ֪ĶһУȻԼһֱѹ֣ûбֳԽǲҪԼԽǻĪСףһηŶ࣬һǼˮˣһٷ˺üβãĪС˸
ѽĪС꿿Լ깤ķˣ̾лˮѽ

ڶʮ ·ƽĪ

ʵö˵ǰȥˣĪСһ˾ͳĪСѾָԼǼ飬ΪĪСѾһһв׷ײ׷ͲԼڲƽһϹԺĪС꿾ͿʼYYˣһҪϹԼ˽Ʒ
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Ϲ˵ͷȻ˵֣˼Զôûһ緹ѽ
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кŵĪС꿣˵ͷ˵ãҸߡ

ڶʮ װʶ

ĪС꿸˵ķǸСкǸСŮҪٿˣСŮҲСҪߣҸҲӦˣ᲻ٿˡ
ȻûʱͱһȺ´ΧֵҲɢˣĪС꿿һҲ£Ⱥֻ֣ǲûгֻ֣ΧסǣٿѾϵǸͷӷʱһµӣ˿ǸһͰ˵ӻظˣ
ǸһͰҪǸ߿࣬ɱӺݺһɾŵģʲôҲû˵ߺߴߴľͱˡ
ĪС֪ӿеͷٿǸӣеˡ
ӴһĪС꿣Ȼ˵ɽһͰĶ壬ղŵСֶĴСҪֽѵҲôصְɣ
ĪСһ޹˵ôһźѽֻ˶ѽ
ɽһɫĺѿ˵ޣǹҪˣ
ĪСҲ˵ǹôûɱѾˣٲ֪ôСı鲻ãȫԲ˶ߣʶľ͸Ͽÿ
ɽЦһ˵ССͿСҵҪһСжı£
˵Ҫ֣ĪС꿿ɲҲ׼ˣɾʱֻһƮɽһСﶯ֣Ͳ±İЦ㲻¶ˣֻ¶˰ɣ
ɽһһȻ󹧾ĻػСĲңֻѾͷ̫һͰдҲ̫ѽ֪ĻҲưոݣ
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ɽ䲻ԸҲ˵ӦһĪСһ۾ʹˡ
ĪС꿿ɽߺԵû书ǲϧûĴˣ
Ȼ˵߰ɣ˵ˣʱֻǸ˵ôԴĶһлл˵
ĪСûлͷֻ˵ҾͲæҲܰƽǣԼ飬ΪʲôҪлѽ
ǸЦЦ˵Ͳ֪˭𣿡
ĪС꿻ش𣺡룬ΪѾ֪˭ˣǵͬΪıȻİңҲʶ㣬Ժڣ
˵ʹˣǸߵһӶ˵ҪҪ׷
Ǹޱ˵׷ʲôãѾ֪˭ȴ˵л˵ǸܴŮӣû뵽߾Ȼһ˳֣ݿʲôϢ
Ǹ˵ֻ֪ĪС꿣ǰĴӷϴӪģʲôʵǲ鲻ڽûгֻǴǰųģֻ鵽Щ书͸ղһͰһȷʵֻ˶ٶһһͰͻˣ¿书·Ů򵥡
Ǹү˵ȻˣȻҲȥ飬ٺúò鿴ûµϢ
Ǹ˵֪ˣ
Ǹ˵˵ͷȻ˵ĵĶӦþŮˣ㲻ҲһĹϵҪص㣬Ůܽ⡮ǱǵļƻҪıˡ˵Ҳˡ
Ǹ˾Ǹ˼Զеү--ԯ񣬶ߵ--Ըա
ĪСѾ³Ǹ˾үԾûΪĪС꿲ʲôȻǸԯ񳤵һ˧һĪСΪܺÿ֣һԲͣŨŨüëһֱЦ⣬ģҹ¡ƤŵҺɫ촽ͻ٣һװ˵ĸӣѽһɢһɹĪС꿲ͻʱ俴˧̫ˣ˲١
ĪСҲٵʧ䣬Ϊʲôô˧һҪԼĶأȻͿϷϷˣֻ̾ˡ
ĪС꿲֪Լԯ˲ĥӰӣԯͷ¥ŮӾһѾԯˣֿݣŷԭĻĲĵĽװˣֻΪ֪ǽˣԲʧ䡣
ĪС꿴öûֱӻؼңȵͬ¥Ա˷󣬲þ¥ƹһͻؽͬ¥Ǹ˼ԶµһҾ¥
ĪС꿽ôؽȻٲĽһıͻ࣬Ծ˳ء
ĪСǵ֣Ǹкƺ˵ĪСҲûʣֻһ֣к磬Ů£ΪĪС˺һΪԼôõֶɵ֣Ҳ֪ںĪСһʮˣֻΪеӪС㣬ŮҲѾʮһˣĪС꿾Ͱģ¾ԼŮ˵Ѿ߿ƽʱĪС꿶һ¸жѡ
ĪСһЩӣҲ˽ĪСǸˣȴϸ緢֮ǸޱȵС㣬ȻĪСһ˵ԼƣΪʼԼ͸ȵģһֱС㣬ĪСҲû취ֻòƽˡ
Ϊʲô簲ŸģĪСԼ뷨ģΪԴӵһο͸е򵥣ǰðӰȥ˲ϣû뵽õǲ򵥣ĪС꿸еүƺϲ߰һЩˡ
Ϊ˰þԼʵĪС꿲İţͬʱĪС꿵ĵиպǰ;ӴִӳĺҪһĺӸڷܺͼǿȻʵպҲ֤ĪС꿵ĵûġ
ദ˼վѾϤˣĪС꿷²ˡ֪һʮִϻǾ͵սԼҽڸһЩȻѧپҪԼˡ

ڶʮ İȥ

˵⼸գ춼ϹһɹģĪСϹͬ£һЩһ飬Ȼ⼸ҲĪСĵģΪԼǵͬǿһ¡
ϹͬҲеܿģΪĪСǸĹģҲΪԼദ⼸գѾıˡ
ϵķսĪС꿳ƻѾ깤ˣϹͬʱûԼǱ߽һµЩĸ취õ̵ƹǳһһͬϹٴζĪС꿹Ŀ࿴û뵽ĪС꿳˲Ż⣬Ҳһ֣ྪ֮٣˲òۡ
ڽ԰еͤĪС꿲סĳ̾뵽ԴϴκϹεһҹĪСÿϹͻ죬ô˵ϹҲǸ˧ѽĪСϲĻ¥ͣĪС꿶ĸѾˣһߵŮԼк˵˵ĸ顣
ȻϹĪСҲ˵Ҳĸ飬ĪСҲΪ˻͵Ц˺ü죬˸ĸǺϹﵽ桢죬ȻҲûǸѰ۵İ취
ϹѾöˣٳʧصĪСҲǰĸ׻ǼͥΪеһᣬȵԼ⿪ԼȻͻ˵
ĪС꿸еĵǣϹˣ˵Ҫ뿪죬Ȼһڱ֤һĪС꿻Ǻܲģ֪ΪʲôһָоεķͻңңˣΪʲôָоĪСҲΪʲô
ϹѾˣĪСÿ춼ӣԼ뵽Լǲǵ˼ˣԼȻֻһʮСŮڹŴŮʮͿԼˣԳǺܺġ
ĪС꿵껹Ƕʮһ͵ģԼĵ˼ʮ껹һӣӦģһԼ仹25Ľ׶ûб䣬ԼһεĶĪСֵǣϹﲻϲԼСѾͷʦ֪ԼϲϹģȻ֪ʦϲԼֵĲ֪ԼϹ֮ĸǲǰ顣
֮кܶܶķգΪ˲Լ̫ЩһֱԼͣĹЩӵŬѾӮ͸ĹۣĪС꿸еܸˣŵʦֻԺһܾȡ
Ŵ⣬ĪСһŸͬ¥Ԥ²ʽһΪʲôϹﻹ
¿ĪСһһɵЦӣʮֲ⣬ΪʲôС⼸춼Ĳѽ
ĪС꿿ʵԼ·£˵£Ъɣǰתˣ㲻Ҷˣ˵Ựɡ
ſĪС˵ãһͺˣҰ·ŵ³ûˡС㣬ȥ÷ɣҸղſ˺öء
ĪС꿵Ļش𣺡Ҳãˣ÷̸ְֽأ˱Ǽϼ
¿ĵĻص֪ˣС㣬һ˵һ·СܵĳȥˣıӰĪСεЦЦ
ҲǸѾͷµĶĪС꿸еôһѾԼ׬ˣڰҲֵѽֻҪ㹻һᱨġ
ĪСԼõδʱ»ˣĻˣĪС꿴ȤĶ˵ô£׷㣬
һ޹ĿĪС꿣С˵С֪ȡЦ£ҿһϢģ
ĪС꿿ǿɰӣЦ˵ʲôϢѽ
½һЦȻ˵СôѩԼȲһ°ɣ
ĪС꿲ΪȻĶ˵û죬ûѧᣬСȴѧˣҾͲ²¡
ĪСͻȻ˵˵ǲϹˣ
ҡҡͷ˵С㣬ôϹѽϹ˼ѽû¶ԣ
ĪСһԹĿ£һ˵ǲʦֻˡ
»ҡҡͷ˵ǣٲ°ɣ
ĪСüһ壬Ƶ˵ǲˣѽ类ɵȥˣܻѽǲż񵽽ˣ
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ЦЦΪȻ˵ޣС֪ˣҼСѾϹӣҲ벻˷ˡ
ĪСվµͷ˵ѾͷѽԽԽˡ
¿ĪСС˵С㻹һϢҪҪѽ
ĪС꿶˵½ôôϢѽȡ÷Ϣģ
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ĪСһˣ˵ʲôҵ÷дˣҲһѵһҲûʣ£
Сȵ˵СһҲûʣ˵ΪλϲȣԽ轫е˹ȥ
Խ˵ԽСĪСԽԽ˵ģѽҶҵĶôʵ㣬£
¸Ͻ˵ʲôС㣿
ĪС˵ҰǼɴóٸһÿķͣҪƯһ㣬Ȼʣ
¿ĪСӣæԸ£µٶȻǿ죬һĹĪС꿾ɸղŵͷɢ¹ڲڵˣǼ̵ɴȹϴˮɴԼأ֬һ޵Ľġ
¿öеˣĪС꿺ڵĴ磬ǳԾӣ˻˵ػˣ£߰ɣ

ڶʮ Ů㲻

ĪС꿺˺һŵ˻԰⽫䲻ݳޣҲ£طӶ࣬ĪС꿸յ԰һЦĪСһǸŮѽЦܸо²ˣ߼˻԰еͤ
յͤڣĪС̧һȻǸŮ͸һӢˣ÷ѩڣϼӳ˫ĿԼҲʮ˾꣬һӣŮѽŴпŮҲѽ
һԱߵλУĪС꿸ոջǲЦݵһӾͱܲһһֲõĸоӿͷ
ΪʲôĪС꿵ɫѽΪһʮˣĪС꿵һγʱĳˡǸҲһζĿ
䲻ƶԣҲɵĪСһױĳ֣͸еҪ£ּĪСת䲻⵫Ҳ֪һ⣬ǶĪС˵С꿣ˣҸһ£λĿ--Сλү
ȻүС˵λµһλѣĪС꿣ڸСס
ĪСһǸ˾үͲһû˵ֻǺݺݵĵۣү--ԯԣ¶޵Ц˵ޣԭλС򽫾ѽһһᣡ
ĪСĵԯһۣ˵ޣԭǴүѽӦǾԩ·խû뵽㣬ҽûȻҲ㣡
ĪСһĺСһû뵽ĪС꿻˵ĻԯԺƲ̫һһڵĺ÷һЦĿĪС꿣ƺĪС˵޹Ƶġ
ʱĪС˵С꿲񣬼үûҲͰˣΪλҪԲѷƽʱ̫ˣ
ĪСһתһŭĶ˵㻹˵ң㣬㾭ҵҵ÷˵ҵ÷ҲҪ֧һѽλŮȻǲʲôΪʲôҪȡ˵ָԯԡ
û˵ĪСֽ˵ҸߣǵһΣҲһΣ´ҵĶԯԣҾͺû꣬⽫Ū췭ظҾĪС꿣
ĪСʱֶС˵ԲС㣬Һԯе˶Թеͻ޹أ벻ҪϣпСٸ񡣡
СɰСŮЦ˵ûϵҲģ䲻֪СүʲôԹһϣܺϽ⡣ǵһοôϲʮýѣ֪ɷ񣡡
ĪССĻЦЦ˵⣬СףС꿲ӣֻү֮»ҪԼ˽ᣬԻ㲻Ҫ⣬С꿻²ŽˣǸ
Ȼתԯԣ˵쿴СķϣȷһԺټҿûнôСĵɣ
˵һ۾תȥˣĪС꿵ԶȥһЦԯȴһζЦ⣬СŶˣҡҡͷ˵Īˣ֪үεѽ
ԯԺһڲ裬ص˵˵֪֪ˣ
һЦ˵Ͳ˵ɣ֪йڣҾͲ÷дˣҿ鷳
СĵӣȻһЦ˵ĪﻹǸӲҷҫ
ս񡯽ͷۣһ˲ıѽ
ĶС˵㲻֪ѽС꿵ı¿ǲС䲻书ȴö˵ıѽ
ԯһʵģġǱģ
ĵͷصûҪѽҪ̫⣬书䲻ǿöȴѽ
ԯ¶һЩ⣬΢΢Ц˵ҵҪʲô¶Ըң
ĪС꿻ص󣬾ϣû˵ֻǾĿĪС꿣䲻֪СΪʲôֻͤڴһСͻˣɿӣҲ֪϶ʲô¡
ĪС꿴һ»ɵվţǶЦЦ˵£վѽûˣϢɣȥ¥һˣ
¼æ˵ûʲôֻǿСԲҴţСΪʲôѽǺͽ𣿡
ĪС˵ǣΪһķˣûʲôѾûˣݰɣҲҪϢһ£Ϊдƻ飬˯ߣҪˣ
һŷĪС꿵˵ͷȥ
ڴϣĪСԼǿȻԼѾһͼΪʦֻûлһֱûȥȻүԯԣҲ֪Ǹ˾ĪС꿲ͻһΪʦһߵˣΪĪСͿԯԲһ򵥵ΪãоҲһС۵ˣԯҲûʲôޣԾͲΪѣ֮ͤ˵Ǵ˻ҲΪ˱Ӵ
ĪСǸС˵ĿĪС꿲˺棬ĪС֪ģҫڣǱȻ˵һҲǳ˴棬ʱսǷҫһԱͽССսμӹٴΣǴʤǷҫеһ񽫣ȻѾжףлһЩȨģҲΪʲôĪС꿻ôԭ
ڷҫĹɱһ쵼ʮϾԯеʮԯеĶʮ򱱾ʵյ򶫾򶫾ҲΪصһֻ飬Ϻ٣ΪǷҫĻ˻ʵû
ҫȻֻкٵıҲǲСӵģΪһֻӸʹİȫ;һ֧˵ĻʾͳΪ£Ķ
ΪҫΪֱû䣬ĶŮҲСҲǸӢۣе˶ʼ⣬ΪүĶǺѣһʱòΪ֮
ĪСҫڵĲĳ飬ΪСĸײֻһ˵ʮָ֣һսһ˹飬Сĸ׳ңҫΪӳ˲ٿҲ˲ٵĿ飬¼ڻΪֵΪѻʺգôһλŮȴĹΪֻ̾
ҫӹûȢһһĽŮֳþΪ֮塣
뵽⣬ĪСϹ֪ϹǲһˣžʹЦ˯ˡ
һӰϢĪС꿴ߣŴϺЦ˯Ŀˣƺԣ˺һ̾һȻϢˡ

ڶʮ ۼ

絽ͬ¥ĪС꿽µĲʽ̸ƹ壬Ȼ͵¥żߺȲ߿Ŀˡ
ͬ¥ԭֻ֣ĪСˡ⴫ͬջѪĸĳ֣ټĪС꿵һİװڵͬ¥õĲˣ²ʽֻҪһУԺһãĪСʮ㡣
ĪС꿸ĸڵľ¥ׯꡢҩ궼Ѿ̤죬ʮһ͵ЩöϮõʲôȨ⣬ĪС꿶Լĳɹ˺һʱ䡣
ܿһ¾Ҫȥˣ˼ԶͻϹȴûϢĪСðӰһϹʲô飬һ룬ԼȷϹǲϲԼԾͷ˸ͷֻһȻ
ĪСû뵽ԼĵһزˣЩ»һãŴʹ뵽ϹһӣľͲԼߵĵˡɽ顱ĳţҲƽĪСǲᱻĴܴ򵹵ģô˧磬ΪһϹһƬʱһһĳšɽ顱ֱˣϴ˯ȥ
ĪС˯֮ʣǸˣİȥϵۣȻ̾Ϣһ˵һ䡰Բ꿶˵תͳȥˡ
Ǹ˳˷źо˷ˣǷ˻԰ȻֻͣһĿȻ˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôһֱϼС꿣ֻϣԺҪַʽС꿣㲻ܸͲҪҵĻӦװɣС꿶ĸҲװɣ
ûǸ˾Ϲֻһ̾ϢҵȻ֪ĵϲ꿶ڵѣҸˣҵΪ˼Ĳҵʱʱ̵̿ҪأҲΪҶ꿶Ҳ֪꿶ĴڣֻнݸĵףΪҵĲʹģҵʱ޿̶ʹֻҪһ뵽꿶ͻʹǲҵľͻҿƲסԼΪԼƽ͵͵ߴһϵԼ˼
ϹĻѾˣ̾˿˵Բ𣬷ʵҲû˼ֻϣСܹƽҸֻΪӦΪǰҲֻΪ˼Զĵϣֵģҵһˣ˼Զϲ֪Ȩ˵ʲôֻǸǣڲܰͲҪܸҸͲҪܷ־ͲҪ֣պں޲ѡ
˵ȥˣϹüͷ壬кì޷ƽϢĵǳһĵ˴ʯϣȻҲƮȻȥֻһʯۡ
Դڤһȥ֤Լ뷨Ϲ֪ԼµûԼڣԼһֱһ޴ı֮У˵ȨоǳҵıϹڵĴʮΣգΪ˲ĪС꿾ԼΣУֻú
ǲ֪Ϊʲôÿÿ뵽ԼͿƲסԼǷգĵĻԼǸԼҪټˣǰοԼֻҪЩ飬һһҪԼģԼ飬һٷˣϹû뵽ǣεȥ֣ΪǱ˴˴̫̫࣡
˼Զ󣬿ĪС꿳ɹķڷС꿵ĲǣͬĪСԼȥˣһĪС꿵˰Ӱ̳ΪԺС˵㣬еӰӶҪİźѵ
ĪСʮͶ뵽˸찵ӰĹȥˣæµѾĲϹ˼ԶȻ֪Ϲ£ֻװ֪һĶá
ĪСѾӰֳɶ֣һֽӰӣһֽӡӰԭİӰԱɵģΪԱ࣬һЩӢԱԾͳΪӰӵĺĳԱÿ˵£䱸˲ٵԱЩԱʲô˶УҪĹǽָϢ㼯ȻӰӳԱйɺͺʵΪ֮úԼá
һȺյĺɵģЩӴǹ¶һЩĸԭĺӣרŵӰӸѵΪӰŵĺȻЩҲͨʽΪӵģϸĻᱻȥһЩĸλϣӰʵһ˲١
ӰеļĪС꿶Ҳ֪ǵЩ˴Ϊ˼ԶжǣԹ޻ڵĸŸ˼ԶĪС꿸еܰģͲõĻʲô¶ˣǵĹȥĪСҲʣΪѾȫӰΪ
ĪСߵӰӽҹӰǸ˼ԶŸıڣĪС꿲Ҫǵв˼ԶֻôӦˣ۲죬ĪС꿶ҹӰ˺⣬Ϊ˧书ҲܸߣṦĪСֻҹӰ̫٣ÿοǺһĪС̾һ͹ˣһҹ飬Ժ죬ͲõˣֻҪҹӰԼһӵ¶̾ͻ½ȡ
ҹӰĹȥĪС꿷ǳȤǸ˼Զȴ˵ĪС˺һ
µŬڰӰѾ죬ĪС꿹ҲѾˣҰӰҲڽгΪһɣȻҲǺõĲˣΪӰŵϢ׼ҰӰϢҲȫģӰֻǳϢʱҲһЩɱĻҲĪС꿵¸ɵģȻΪ˲𽭺ĳӣĪС꿶˼أصĻǲӵģһðӰڽеǲ
ĪСΪĹˣԼֻҪʱȥ̲ʺѲһ¾ˣʱʱĳСӣ̵ͺõĲˡ
ĪС⼸λƹѾһˣô̵ʱھͽ̵˺ü붼ûģĪССԴĵӲҲóϷ

ڶʮ κ̸

ģǽΪǶƵԻˬĪС꿱㽫Լʮѵ͵ӰȥɻûȥȴӭһλˣǽҹӰȥӭӹˡ
ĪС꿿ɫ޵յСһ˫峺۾ĪС꿣Ǳ΢ЦݣĪС꿲ɵľ̾ŮŮѽװҲ񿴵һľջͻȻСʮϲջȻΪʲôǴɫ
ĪСЦŶС˵ǴʲôѽôСѽ
С˵ʲô磬ѽϴβ˵Ҫʱҿǵô£ǾûһжⲻֱˣҺúõһ͵ǽɣ˵УҲ˵ûʱ䣡
ĪС꿿СǲЦ˵ҵĺý㿴ģãô˵ҲҵĴҽһɣ
СһĪСͬˣҪߣĪС꿼æ˵ټҲҪһ·ѽ
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ֱһպе˶û˵ҲǸһʱסˣѾǵһĪС꿵ĸˣÿһζᱻĸÿζ᲻֪ĳ
ѹĪС꿣С棬û˵ֻǾĿŴķ羰´ҲͬʱعͬҲû˵ֱһСŻع񣬿ĪС˵С꿣ѣһõľû뵽ĸĶĶ飬лл㣡
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С˵ͷ˵ҵȻˣֺѽ
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ĪСṦһĹͻص˰ߣȻԼȥû߶Զ͸еһ˿ٵԼǰֻǸ˿ĪС꿺һȻ˵ȥɽׯ
ĪСһϳ˾ǰӰеҹӰӦ֪ˣȥ
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ĪСޱ˵㸴ʦ֣ûǴĻĳǳƹżңԯĬʲôͰѽһʼҾͲͬҫĳڳƶȴڷҫô꣬治֪㵽ôģ
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ĪСû˵ʲôСһڳĪСʲôǮƹôżѽ

ʮ Σ黯

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ͬЩµҲ⣬ĪС꿵ĻػǸڵװ˸ǳ˵ѽοûѽ
ĪСЦЦ˵ЩСϷƭ˱ˣƭңõʧԾõܹ--Ϣ󷨣书ûʲôԣȴǺܺõ򣬲ĹûûˣȻһǿ˸ǻῴģֹ֪˺٣ôţΪ˻ϵңֻԵķˡ
ĪС꿵ĻǸĵ˵ͷȻ˵ϣķڷһ֪⹦ֵˣҲֵˡ
ͷѾˣǶĪС꿵˱˱ȭ˵˼׻ʹˣ˴ſӦĪС꿵Ҫϵˣ˵һ½£ǵͷߺ󣬡¥ӭ˲ٵĿˣһֺˣĪСһ

ʮ ֮벻֪

ǮƹڱֱĪС꿴ĪС꿽æֹסĿޣһҪظʱԪҪظĪС꿿һЦԪ죬εĴӦˣǮƹһȥˡ
˾¥ڴϣĪС꿺ݺݵĵԪһۣȻ˵̫صˣæûаʲôװһܺĵӣҺܱ㣡
ԪЦЦװ˵ԩˣѹǰˣ֪¥ᱻҳʲôأ㲻лҾˣΪʲôѽ
ĪСûֻԼ·Ԫ޶ҡҡͷ˵Ҫĵһ£Щ˿ǲѽûзЩڱͷ׽ʱ£һ¶һ˿Ф飬ǵͷСѽһǵ书ҲǷ֮ǵĺ̨Ӳѽ
ĪСʱ̧ۿԪ죬˵㻹㱿ѽϸ㶼ˣ㻹̫⡣
ԪЦұͲֻɼѣϴε£Ҳԣ꿶Ҫȥ
ĪС꿰һۣȻ˵Ҫ꿶꿶Ľңֺ㲻죬ϴεˣǲС·ϵġ
Ԫ쿴ĪСӣа˵˵ϵѾˡȴ˵ǾͺãȻĵȻҵѣ֮ȻҪһˡ
ĪСû˵ʲôֻǿܵȺвŮڿԼһסС˵ţĪС꿵·Ư֪ģĪС꿹Ԫ˵մ磬ȥһˡ¡ҪȥҶǼ·ûУ·Ѿ˺üˣҶϲˡ
Ԫ쵱ȻĪС꿵С̣Ǻ˵ѽҲȥ¡·ĻǺÿڴһǲǾѽ
ĪС꿹Ļش𣺡ѽǡ¡ոƳ·ǿ߰ɣ
ΧЩŮ󣬶׷׽鵽¡ˣһЩ˼ҵѾǼæؼҸԼСǡ
ĪС꿿ǵķӳ⣬Ԫ򿿽С˵Ĳɣûʲôѽ
ĪС꿼ЦҪʲôѽׯ
ԪһĪСЦݣǼæ˵ûʲôֻ˵ЦѣôҪʲôѽ͵ɣ
ĪСЦŵ˵ͷ˵Ͷˣ
ԪһεĪСڴϣа룺˭˵Ҫѽֻǲ˵ѣʱĪС꿿·ߵһε꣬Ǿ˽ȥĪС뿴ûкЩһֱûзһ
Ԫ쿴ĪС꿽ε꣬ҲŽȥˡĪС꿽ݺͷڣһŮҲΣֻǸŮʮ߰ͣò֮ΣӨ⣬üĿȻһߵѾͷԲԲһ˫ۺĿȥʮֵĻ顣
ĪС꿿ŮʱԪҲλŮԪûĪСһ˼ҿͣ¶һô飬λŮҲ˽ĿһۣĪС꿴Ŀֻ΢΢һЦԪ죬һЩȡ
ֻŮûĪС꿣ֻǶԪ˵ôɽׯׯҲ𣿡
ԪޱĻش𣺡ԭСѽѽ㣬ֻż˶ѡ
˵ſһĪС꿣СҲ˿ĪС꿣ʱĪСͻعԼ˹̨ǰΣûǵ̸СһͲ˵ʲôԪҲ˵ʲôֻߵĪС߿
һûзҪĺƹһǺԪһģʮڵĪС꿽ΣĪС꿲˼ֻˣֱһӲӻƯԪ쿴ĪСϲǶû˵ӾˣĪСһĿ˵ô¸ǻûлѽ
ԪЦЦû˵ǸƹӾͿˣλС㣬֪СǮģ
ĪС꿲ĿԪ죬ԪС˵ûۣҵҵģԼԼĶͲû˰ɣ
ĪСһˣԪԼôЩڣǼæ㵽һ˵ޣѽҾͲҪײҪˡ
Ԫ쿴ĪС꿵Ķ㿪ȻܲˣĪСʱŵϵǹҩȻһ˿˿᲻뿪ԼҲԼôˣѵԼϲֻŮ뵽⾲˾ġ
ʱǸСѾˣĪСһ֧ӣһʵղǸСʲôѽ̫Ѻѽ
Ԫһ˵䳬Ůˮ
ĪСһһȻ˵ޣԭѽû뵽ˮǸѽ
Ԫû˵ֻֽĪСеӲ嵽ͷϣȻĿĪС꿣ĪС꿵Ƥʵÿ𣿡
Ԫʧ˵ÿӾΪ㶩һֻ
ĪС꿱Ԫһеˣ˵ˣһظɣѾܾˣٻȥҪżˡ˵ŻʧԪ뿪ˡ
صʱѾǻƻˣͻһֱĪС꿣ĪС꿻˵ĲˣĪСЦ졣
Ԫ콫ĪС͵ͽ뿪ˣĪСҲûֻǶ̬ȱϴκöˣԪ죬ĪСǵģѾ˶Լ˺øУԾҪԶ㣬ԼûȥκˣԻװɵһˡ
صԼķ䣬Ϊ׼÷һӺ˲٣һʵӣһ߶ĪС˵С㣬Сʱת㣬ҪСһ㣬˵Ǹǻǻ㲻
ĪСһǺţæ£Ϊʲôѽʲô˼ѽ
¿һĪС꿣΢ŭ˵С㣬Сһ㣬ûк
Ȼ˵Ϊһ׸ѽȻ㵱ʱǷˣǻ˿ˣǵĴҪʱ򣬾͸һλӣǸ˧ѽǲ㳪ĸ裬С㲻˵ǲ֪Ϊʲôֶ˵ʵһָˣǸ˧ԺˡҵʱСΪʲôҪСֻǿЦ˵ʲôǸǻǻ㲻֮Ļ˸ϡͿûô£ȻһˣҸҪСһ㡣
ĪС󣬳˼һͲ˵û£ҾҪˣЩҲҲңʵһҵĶҪһˣ
һԾĿĪС꿣һʱûзӳĪС꿿ӣЦôû𣿡
²ʵС㣬ʲôȥѽҪʵ۵Ӱɣ
ĪС΢Ц˵ǣҪ죬Щ²ܸ㣬ĲʲôΣյ£Ҿͻ
С죬˵ʲôˣֻǲ˵ʵŶĪС꿿ӣҲû˵ʲô

ʮ 빬ʶ

ԹĪС꿾͵ȥĺ͸˼Զˣǵ֪鷿ǾͿ첽鷿յſ˵˼ܼ򵥣һͬһǲͬ⣬ĪСһСŽȥˡ
ĺ͸˼ԶһĪС꿽ˣǶ˵ˣĪС꿿ˣЦЦǶһ˵磬⣬꿶ף㲻ҾʵʦҲ룬꿶֪ѾעⳡıˣǾͲҪٳˣڻǸϽһ£ҽҪ׼ͰŰɣ
ĪС꿵Ļص̾һȻĪС˵˽עİšĪСġ˼ԶƻһҹֱʱŻϢ
峿̫ʱĪС꿲𴲣ʱͽһдã۾ĿĪСϴĪСҲһᣬΪʹǸΣյĵطһȥһ뵽ΣգĪС꿾ʹͷ˺ģһ׼õʹˡ
ҫĻʹʮֵĻʮֵĴĪС꿶ĵһۣΪĵľİţʮ˳Ľ˻ʹס̫ҽԺ̫ҽԺһСԺΪĪС꿵סⰲĴ˶죬һΪϤһ»Ϊ׼ϽⶾõҩƷֱ죬һ˵ĵСԺ
СԺһС̫࣬ĪС̫ҽ𴺴һΪʵģǵĪС꿿ʱɵĳһ㽫еҩƿˤǸС̫ͬҲԺһ
ĪСߵǰкᣬʵʵǣСľ𣿡
ǸС̫һĪС꿽ԼСľһӹ˵طҲ˵꿶㣬ѽСľӣû뵽㻹ţܸ˵ûʱһţû뵽Ŀˣ̫ˣûǾͷˣ꿶㣬ǿˡ
ĪС꿸ϽСľӣȻҲ޵Ҳѽ⼸ÿ춼ǣһֱڴǵϢǾûа˿ϢһΪûӳû뵽⿴ˣˣСܻ𣬴һ𣬻ǵʱôӳѽΪʲôЩҴһǵϢѽ
СľһĪСһô⣬Цһ߲һ˵꿶㣬һô⣬ҪȻشһѽ
ĪС꿼˵Ҫش̫֪ǵˣٲңһġ
СľӾĽ򵥵Ľһ飬ĪСѾڿˣֻǾı۳˼ȻСľһ̫ҽԺҽ򣬱Ͼﵢ̫ãҪ׼ԯĬⶾҪ¡
Сľӽ쵽ٹˣʱĪС˵꿶㣬˶ӣһýܸȥСԺ㣬͵ɡ
ĪС꿵˵ͷû˵ʲôͺͽȥˣݺֻԯĬڴϱĿĪС꿵һοԯĬȻĻҲһ˧磬һԯƵֻǱԯԶ˼ּͰҲԯҪӢĶ࣬ΪԯһԯĬһŸ
ĪС꿾ûٿŽΪֻһأԯĬʼնûֻۣǹĶ˵ϣǷʱҩ
ʱڻʵߵ̫˵ˣ򣬻ϵȻ춼ڳ㿪ҩΪλã֪ôˣϵ廹һɫҲûУ̫ҽԺǸʲôԵѽ
ûǸֻ̫࣬һصĶŻ˵ѾҩķҩΪλǲѽҳһҩ֪ܷΪϻҩһԣ
ʱǸԯĬŵĿ˵ԣŵĹ㣡ȥɣ
ĪСʹһɫĪС꿾͵ȥҩˣİš
ԯĬߵ̫˵ȫ㵽ȥһˣ԰ٺˡ
Ǹȫ̫æӦĳȥˣȥԯĬͶԽ˵ǸСŮ򽫾˵ҽͽܣ
𴺹Ļش𣺡ǵģĪС꿣򽫾ͽģ⼸쳼۲һ£ҽȷʵܸԸҿ϶ݲдӻϵĲܿͻˡ
ԯĬûʲô˵ޣãҪܣ޺Ҳܶ˵ҪݾߣҪСһ㡣
𴺵˵ͷ˵Ϸģ
˵ԯĬֱϢһԾš
ܿĪС꿵ҩͰˣСĶ˵ڣ򿴵æӹȻĻԯĬҩֽݸĪС꿣ĪСʱ̫ȫŶֻѾԹҩʱһ˿ȺͲ
ȻıһԵĪС꿷ˣĪСһ˿ˣȫѽһԯĬͽҲ֪ȻΪҪҩһҪһҩĴãĪСĵ˵ʹǸ˲¹ͷĵط֣һ㲻٣ԯĬҲùѽ
ĹˣĪССĺͽص̫ҽԺͽ˵һЩСעͻԼСȥˡ
ͨģĪСѾ֪̫ҽԺֻн𴺺ǿɿģ˶̫ţĪС꿵һлСģȻ˽𴺺û˿ԵСԺȥĪС꿲ɵĸеԯĬʵۿѽ
뵽СܾͻĪС꿸˲ѣΪ˿ĵİźյҩĺ󣬾͵С׼Եˡ
뵽ܿܿСˣвɵ˷ˣѾˣһ뵽ͩ壬һ뵽ɵĪС꿾Ͳ棬֪ùĺòá
Сľ˵ЩĪС侲һ룬ܸоЩŤĵطԼ˵ﲻԣֵ֮ĸоСԺԼ
뵽СܣĪСֲ뵽˷Сɽ֪ڹôðӰֻ鵽СɽԴӵ֪ͩ屻٣ĸ˫뿪Ϲٸ֪٣
ĪС꿲ɵ룺֪Сɽģô
΢΢ҹ紵˿ĪС꿿Ŵѷɵ⣬źܶܶ£Ҫºܶ࣬ѾԼеּˣʱĺۣ֪ʱŻĺƽƽԼమһסһûܷûıƵ԰ֵĹһ

ʮ ľң

ڴǰĪСһ̾Ϣϣ˰ôСܣĪСеżΪԼĪСֻøٵһķƽΪ˲ˣĪСֻǵһ׸˼ԶġԲõǡ
һպ󣬲ŷѾһˣǸݵӰĪСһ۾ͿǷСܣϲ˵Сܸ磡
ǸתĪС꿣ƽ˵С꿣
ĪС꿸˵ĳ嵽Ļ˵ĿˣСܿ˼ĺ˶Ҳɵӯû˵ֻǾĴ˺һŷֿ
ĪС꿿ڵķСܣֻһˣǳ죬ûмû̫ı仯ֻǱǰ˼ֳ켸ֲɣ
ڷСУĪСҲˣһСˣȴٵ飬˼˼ֽＸּȣ֮һصСŮˡ
ĪСȻعԷС˵Сܸ磬£һЩСԣǱ߳ԱİɣңЩôӳģΪʲôھѽ
СܿĪС꿣簮ͷȻߵǰ£ĪС˵⻹治٣żӣˣһǴͷ˵ɣ
СܿĪСżӣǾ˵ˣǰһȺߺҾʹźӵǸСɽУǴ죬ΪǰǵʳˮǶмϾСסĿҪĺӲסİοǡ
ǰȻҾǽΪǶˣǸҪúõĻţҪΪǱ𣬺ǾĿҲ׹ҪָҪҪ뷽跨ԼֻлŲбϣʮӾŽһ
Ǽһĺһһ£ΪѾȥˣӦûΣˣǾʹȥڵʳޣǲǴǣǵǻص󣬲ŷ̫ˣЩ˾ȻûߣǺ󣬾ͽǰΧͷǸұ䣬вҲ˵ĻҪɱеˣʱ˵Ѿˣʱģ˵ʵڵʱǱ˱ľģΪĲ֪Ǹ䡣
ǾʱүԯԴһ֧ӸϵˣǺ󣬾Щ˴Ϊбˣֻɱ˼ˣʱүԯҲֻʮ꣬ȴѾӵĽˣǵ󣬾ǣǾ͸ˣȻҲӦǱ𣬴۾Ҫİţǵʱһ¾ʹӦˡ
ΪʲôᵽͩҲǹ֪ģԭүǸմӷϴӪ·ͩ壬ǣ˲˲ЩµݣʲôҲûв鵽˵ҪҵǱʱ͸ҲòˣҪҺؾǸ׹һӣôñģ㹻ҪǿУȻҲﲻǣǾ˾
˼Ǳֵ˲ͬĵطѵҾһֱսΪ
ֱǰãҲ˵ĴӷϴӪһȤŮŮȻϵ涾ʼҲû⣬ɺ˵һŮ¥һˣ뾩ĲӱӮˣҾ뵽Ůп㣬Ҳȷ˳ȥһ¡
ŷ㻹ţһסĵĽүеǸŮȥ㣬үֹ֪ȥ㣬˵ʱ˶ţΪ˱İȫһ棬ֻڰб㣬֪С꿣ڵķҫκܸӣĳִƼƽ⣬㲢֪Ѿ˶ˡ
һ㣬ڶ̶̵ڽҾ¥Ҳׯļ귢չôãҲû뵽ȻΪһؤõ꣬벻׵Ϊʲôû鷳С꿣ֳڻʹԽԽˡ
ĪС귽СܵĻֻǿЦһ£Ȼ˵Ϊұûа취Ϊֻܱѡһ·ձǸ˴ɽ£Ϊˣû뵽ҽΪȣǾͳͽܣһֱںѧ书ҽֱǰΪ˾ĲκҾͻط˳ǣû뵽һϵ£Ҳò⡣
Сܸ磬һ£ڿɲЩ˵ݣûҹСɽѽ
СҲǿЦûУȻү̨ûвʲôΪһЩ˾ʧһûһϢҲûвʲôϾҪ˺ܶࡣԴӸүÿ춼æͰ£ûʱȥСɽҵ֪Ѿ֪ͩˣֻǲ֪ģҲ֪ڹΡ
ʱ뻹ĺܺڣΪʲôûȥȥҲͲôķˡ
ҲͩĺӣѾһ֯һ䳾쵼һûŪ䳾ʵݣȻ֪ǵĿһģǲ֪ΪʲôЩ˶Ǻų⣬мǽӴǾܾˣ治֪Щ˵ʲôô˵Ƕͩѽ
ĪСûʲô飬ֻǵ˵Ҳڴµķвͬɣ㲻Ҫүˣ˵ȻЩų⣬ָоҲУһͷ֮䣬ѾһεǽԶ
С󣬲ɵıۣסԼĲã˵ѾоˣΪʲôֻΪүһᣬ㲻Ҫһˣİã
ĪСεĿЦ֪ҲŽĻ˵ԯ֮ĲʲôᣬֻɣҾǿ˳Ҳ֪ΪʲôСܸ磬ĺܸٿ⼸귢̫£ѾˣҲûз֣ҿˣͲҪٺˣǻ˵һ±ɣ
ĪС꿿Цһ£ŷСܽ˵Сܸ磬˵ʵǲү˵ͣҺ
СܿĪС꿵۾ܻ˵ǵģͶүΪҿֻԱȫ˵ǷҫϽҲֹۣһ̫Ļһǻʵ۵ķƣڿ˵ǲȫ˲٣㲻ҪС̫ǵʵҲҪǸԯĬԶ
ֻΪ룬ҲΣȥҲԸΪеӡ
ĪСûٿŷСܣеı仯ܴЩĥѾˣûдԼأ
ĪС˵Сܸ磬ĺˣֻ밴ҵԸȥ㲻õģڻû˿˵ңҲúõıԼүǲȥģΪĲɿүǾͿɿ
Ҫ˵ǻʵ۵׵ܾܵͰȫˣԹжֵеֲǲ֪ԯǺʵĵλԯĬǲܶǰûвĵλڲҪñ˱ңԼȥԼһЩ㲢֪Ҫ㣬Щ»֪ϣ⡣
ˣ˵ЩˣٿѾܸˣˣŵĺڶѽΪʲôСľΪ̫ࣿ

ʮ ԰˷粨

˵СľʱĪСһĿŷСܣСεĻش𣺡ӦףүĹϵΪǳΪõˣǱɢ˸أеĳΪ˾ˣеĳΪˣеĻڽѵЩҲģСľԸʹߵģӦΪ˱ǱŬҲүİš
ĪСû˵ѾʹˣΪЩԭĺĳǱһõĹߣⲻĪС뿴ģȥıʲôϾԼҲıˣ
СʲôʱߵģĪС꿲֪ҲںˣڵķСѾԯԵˣȻĪСλûб䣬ڸϣѾһˣԼγѽ
ĪСͻȻ뵽һ⣬һԼԯԳΪˣСܺЩӻվ˭һѽ뵽⣬ĪС꿲һȥˣΪǸ𰸡
ԴӷСһκСԺָֻƽÿ찴ʱҩ⣬СԺҩҲʱ˻ᴫݸֻеƺܰû̫ĶԽĪСԽǲǰҲǺܿµġ
鲻е»ĪС꿵İɵĽţҹӰʱ̱ĪС꿰Ĳ٣ͬҲеһ˿죬Ϊ֪ҹӰʦָ˼ԶģԼһһᱨ˼ԶвǲûбֳϾʦֻǹԼ
ĪС꿲ıҹӰΪвʱҹӰǲģڣĪС꿰ԡͰУŸ߼ҩԡ
ʹлһЩôԼݵľҩҩԡȻЩҩĪС꿴Ÿʵβŵģڽⶾϵ֮٣ĪСԼˣһΪԼһЩرҩ裬ϴõģȲǹȵҩأЧǲģԼǽļĪС꿲̾Ǹܵѽֲ˶Ϊ׹ݣԭĸܣѽ
ĪС꿹䲻ǽʳǰܿӲ֪˶ٱĪСҲΪʲôȨǮʲôʱˣҲΪʲô˶֪ʹǸ˲¹ͷĵطǻвٵǰͺ빬
һȵѡҪʼˣĪСѾ֪вٵѾסûᣬһ˵Ļᡣ
ĪС꿻һԯĬҩȥˣκƽʱһûк˵һ仰ΪĪС꿶ԯĬЩ䱸ǵңΪԼ͵ڹУĺá
ĪСֽ̬ȣԯĬӵĶˣ⼸ϵĶѾ˰˾ŷˣٹȫˣԯĬҲ˺öˣʵҪߵĪС꿣ԯĬڴ⼸ƽ
ȻĶĪС˵ôΪʲôҺ˵ѽ
ĪСеĿԯĬΪʲô⼸ƽԼ˵˵Ҳ˵Ϊ˲ϲԣԶʧ㲻֪˵ҺҲûʲôĵģ
ԯĬЦˣ˵ޣ̬ȶңͲθ󲻾
ĪСЦڰɣΪҵԹԣҵ⻹ǺЦˣϾͲҪٵ٩ˣܷĻԵЩǴȥѽ˵ѡ빬ŮƯѽ
ԯĬӣһƣȻ˵𣿿̫˲ٵĹѽ
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øо飬ûеĪСȴһ--ӨֻӨĻƯһϮ˿ȹ¶زܽأüһҪĵ۾ʮֹңѩһͷڷɸ߸ߵ٣ͷҫ۵Ĺâʺ촽΢΢һŮӣ
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ĻĪС꿲ɵˣ˵֪ˣһᰴ˵ȥģ֪ô鷳ҾͲȥˣ淳ѽ
֥ĪСǿɰӣɵЦˣһ˾˵˵ЦЦĵ

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룬Ҫģͬ£ĪС꿵û̫ĵģ˴Ȱ̫ϣȥɫʮֲãĪСй͸̫һﲻҪĪС꿲ɵһ

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˵ĪС꿹⽫ǸϣΪ⹬УǲԵ̫ģ̫СˣʱһҲǱģĪСλĶƨ̫ǸЦ֪ˡ
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ĪСЦӦһɨһԯĬֻһζĿԼɵĵһۣȻֽ˵ֶһǲеģΪֶҪýС
˵ĪСվ̫齲Զһϣżָ̻һʺĻ˵ֻһֻǧպ죬һֽ

ʮ жѲıı

ĪС꿽˵νķֻҪһ־Ϳ뵽ֻǲ۷ģΪ۷ʮֺֻζֻҪŵֻͻɵԶԶģȻͻᱻѬ
һ˾ֻ㣬ǲʲôģҪǲСŹٳԵ۵ĻǾͻжֶǡҡ
˵ĪС꿾ͲˣĻصԼλϣ̫һڿĪС꿣û̫˵ֻһӾ͹˵ϣ̫˵̫Ƶ͸̫̻ʱ֪⻨ж
֪ʲô֪̫ж̫ѽƿûмӺģ⻨Ҳǳ檵ģǳǿģΪϲҪģΪ̫ϲ͸˼ѽ
˵ͲͣĿͷĪС꿿˿ҲһˣӨҪһ㣬ԼҪƯ٣ĻĪСҲɵɻˡ
̫ĿŻڿͷû˵Ȼֿ˿ֻǸ̫ԼŵĹڵϣ˵̫⻨ôǵĲǵҲ֪жѽ֪ҲԼĹѽ̫飡
˵꿴ԯĬһ۾͵ͷˣ̫˿תԯĬ˵ϣ㿴¸βѽ⻨͸ҵģȴǴǵģ֪ʲô˼
ԯĬĬһ£Ȼ̫˵ЩΣ֪ᵱʱ̫γԵ۵ģ
̫˼һ£ҡҡͷʾ֪ȻŰʵеǲˣСӣɻǵãճЩʲôˣЩпзۣ
Ǹһ£Ȼ˵̫ūţˣ̫ճԵķûк۵Ķһ裬ƺзۣΪʱ̫˵ǲر𣬺𣬺ܺúȣūŲһǺĲ裬Ҫúʹأ
̫˼˵ԣԣˣĲǺر𣬰ô˵˭𣿡
¶ɫ˵ûУʱֻæչ̫ˣͰˣ
̫æ˵ûϵȥһ²֪𣿡
æӦһͳȥˣ̫Եϵ˵ˣŰɣһСӻۣ
æ˵л̫䡣˵վһߣֻͷѾˣһ޹ӣ򶨣ʲô顣
ɫҲֻͬģͬģҲޱģ̫Ǳ˫ԯĬŪеĲ豭֪ʲô
˺һĻˣŶ̫࣬ߵ̫ߣȻ˵̫˴ˣ˾յĵܹܺڹ£
ֻ̫¶̫󼰻Ȼ͹ڵϵ̫ʻ̫Ȼ˵˭յĵܹܣ
һһ̫˵̫ūǵյĵܹܡ
̫ʵգȵĲģ
æ˵̫󣬲СģǲһСӵС̫ģ˵ֲݵãΪ̫ĻģΪ̫ģ
̫󲻽ĿһĪС꿣ĪС˵۲ȷʵݵĹЧڷݣ꣬ĤĻкܺõЧ
̫һȻӣ˵ޣۻǺöȴðҲɥǸСںδѽ
ʧ˵̫ūŲ֪СǰͲӰūҲһѽ
̫һüɵһ壬һǸ£Ǹ̫༱˵̫ȴд£С̫಻֪ΪûӰ֪ͨˣʹҲûҵҲûĳ¼ūҲΪ¶ķأ
ԯĬҲüͷʵΪͲ˵
Ǹ½ŵĶԯĬ˵ūΪһС̫С£ûҪ֪ͨԾûϱ
ԯĬһŭ˵ƽʱȷʵǼС£̫ж¼еĹϵͲСˣϼһҪҾͲһСС̫׵ʧ٣
Ǹļ¼æ˵ūּȥ죡˵̫ͻͳȥˡ
ԯĬŶ˵Ϊܹܣܺúù䲻֪飬ҲǺİ˻£ܲ޽㽵ΪƷ̫࣬ȥܹһְ͵乬ȥɣ
æͷлȻҲˡԯĬ˿̫󣬷̫û飬˵ڻǷɣΪ˱ӣ޾ͷǽ£ٺʾ䣡ǿ飿
һв죬ǹ˵л϶䣡û飡
̫ˣԯĬ˵ʶĲҲˣǾȥɣ¾ͽȥɣڲǰЩɣûǰǾͲȰ밲ˣǶȥɣ
ȻֳŰ˵СӣȥĪŮҽ˵ڹŮĲ»صȥˣҲǹ˵ͻ̫󣡡
ڻȥ·ϣĪССģΪа߲òСһ㣬˿̫ʹͣɵЦˣ̫Ǵ󷽣нԪмΣĪС۷⣬ĪС꿵ӱУɵ¶Ц⣬ΪĪСҲǸ֮ˡ
ĪСóԪûʱ˰ƴǣĪСæ˵°ɣС꿵һ⣬С꿸յвãö»Ҫ빫æͲҪƴˣȻǿСѽ
ĪСһ˵æ˵ĪŮҽҽ֮ߣʲôµģֻǸūţ㿴ҾͲˣԺֻ˵ܰһѣ˵žͽԪյˡ
һūŵĪСвɴıһ£Ц˵Слˣ쵽ˣذɣСԼȥˣ
͵仰ĪС˵˼׻ͼææĻȥˡ
ǸûӰĪС꿱˵һ̰ƣСˣ
ʱֻһ˵˵ûȷǸСˣĳ˵Ҳǰ
ĪС󣬲ɵһתһɵͷ

ʮһ Ӷү

ĪС˵ԯԣвѽôϢĳ֣͵˵ѽ
үԯԣֻĵһЦȻ˵ޣǲ˼ǵĪŮҽˣɲ͵ģǹֻԼûҶѣ
ĪС꿵һû˵ԼתͻСԺȥˣԯȴں棬һԺĪС꿿ɵ˵ҸԼ˽˵̣û¾Ϳ뿪Ҿͷ
ԯҲûֻһеĿ˿СԺľɫȻԺڵʯϣ˹˵ˣԲƽϣ£㲻ĻҾͲ˵ˣҲԸģֻ֮жѡ
ԯǿɺ޵ģĪС£һүǴѽǾȻʵǲСܸʲôҪѽ
ԯԲ˵˰ˣôеںѽ
ĪС꿵ȻĻˣǶһ۸͵ˮȥˡǲСĽԼİٹƸ˳ȥ
ԯԺһ֮󣬲ɵ¶ɫȻĪС꿣֪ĪŮҽġˮΪر𣬺ˮѽһЩζ
ĪСһæһᣬȻ˵ãôˣôٹƸóˣ
˵꼱ŽǱûȥˣԯԿĪС꿵ľһЦ
ĪС꿿еİٹƺǺ棬ȹٺþƣûкȹ־ƣ嵭ζڿлһ˿һ㣬˲ٺȣĪС񱦱һˣԯҲû˵ʲôϾԼһõүҪƺܹ鲻̫˼˵ĪСǲƣԼȣǲ̫û
ĪС꿽Ʒźú󣬵Ժڶԯ˵˵ɣʲôѽ
ԯ˵СҸ㣬øҿ뿪ʹһа취뿪ĲܽһʱҪ
ĪСЦһ˵Сܸ˼˼ѽ
ԯһν˵˭˼֮ѾΣˣȻ̫󶾣κ˻ϵĲǲͻƽȥҪΪϷΪƷҽʲô£ҲֻΪ˽з˿ڣû뿪ʹȻ׼ʲôΣգϾʹˮÿζ˱㣡
ĪС󣬲˵֪ҵĴүתСܸ磬ڹлǿԱģҪ̫СңҲ뾡ŶĽãһϲڵûбˣүذɣ
ԯԼĪСЦЦͲڶˣεˡ
ϣһ˵УһպһӰˣĪС꿿˾ҹӰ˵£𣿡
ҹӰκεĸ˵ˣӪԪҲӦһˡˣҸ⼸ջҪίһ£ΪһЩС⣬Բܰʱˣ˵һС£²Ҫǿ
ĪСüͷһ壬û˵̾һȻʵĽڸʲôΪʲô⼸ûϢѽ
ҹӰص򽫾ɵԶӪϢ֪ԶӪң򽫾Ҫȥһǵ顣
ĪСüͷĸˣ̾ңͲˡ
ҹӰĪСüͷвɵһ֪ӺʱԼľͿʼעˣҲٻӰԭƽĺ֪ʱˣ֪ԼΪʲôҲ֪ԼΪλݡ
ҲԼһοʱϵĿҲǶĸʱɵıˣҲΪĹжΪ񻹱ţһֱԼĿڴ
ദԼǶڰֻҪÿ쿴һۣԼİˣľͻָͻȻ֣ҹӰǳԾΪԼѾи飬ǱĪССŮȫˣֻƺˣԼݸֻĵףֻҪĬĬӣ
ĪС꿹ĺƽҲûʲôҲûʲôҪ˼ԶڼֻһΣĪС꿵СԺУĿһ¾ˣĪС֪ĵûгȥҲ֪Ϊʲô
ĪСﵽ԰Щ̺Ļöˣֻǽ쿴һֽ˵ҪԼȻ֪˭Ҳûˡ
ߵ԰һСͤУͣʯϣʯϷһ٣뵽˭ŵѽŰٸʲôѽ
ûҵûĪС꿲еˣ˭ԼԼѽΪʲô԰ô徲˰ûӰط̫ƫƧ
ĵĪСĸϵңһ֪ĪС꿾͵٣һסɽ顷ĪС꿵һ޵İɵĸͷϹΪʲôԼѽ
ԹŶޣ˺޾ڣĪСҲ֪ԼϹʶѾΪһλ䣬ôˣϹﲢûԼҲԼĸ鲢ԼҲΪкܶҪΪʲô֮ĪСѾٱκλˣ£û˵
ɵ뵽ӱġġɵᳪ
ʧĻǣ²͸ͫ׵ɫһһΰĪ⣬ĵױʲôƻںҹ֮ûһĽ㱧Ŀɫįڱ˻֣Ѵ㻭Ĺɫҵִţһ׳ĸ衭
֪Ϊʲôųţˮ䱸ģѾľˣֻǳԼǳ˵С
ĪС꿳ʱһӰڲԶĹ£ţĪС꿷ŴһĪСȥϵᣬ۾˾ģʱͻȻоڲԶһȥֻԶһӰ
һʱ仹ΪǸϹɵ鼤һŷֲǣǶһһ---үԯʧ֪Ϊʲô⣿
ԯ񿴵ĪСվӰܿߵͤУĪСǽ䱸ĲɵһȻǴŴԵʵû뵽Īˣһ˵ٳ裬ǺĪĲŻ𾪣
ĪСԯĻû˵ʲôֻǿ˿ȻҪߣĲΪĪСں£ԼᱻүԻסϾԼʲôʥŮŮеٷְٵĲġ
ĪС꿵ַӳĴ̼ԯԭº͵֮ɫһѽĪС׽ס

ʮ ֪

ԯĪС꿵֣ɴʵҾôһ仰Ҳ˵
ĪС̧ͷԯȻ󾲾˵㣬ֻ㣡
ԯ˵ңʲôµģѲһ㣡
ĪСС˵᲻Բ֪ǿ϶ܶͶûģ
ԯüͷһ壬˵ΪʲôҪңֻΪү𣿡
ĪС꿵˵ͷû˵Ҳҿԯ񣬿ĪСӣԯεЦˣһֻ̧ĪС꿵°ͣ˵Ϊүնҵİæ޶ԣĶ㿪ң㵽ܹݣң
ĪС꿺ܲϲ°ͱ׽ŵĸоеԼڱ˵ϷһǱ㿪Լûгɹԯһ§˻УĪС꿲ɴ󾪣֪ΪʲôͻȻһ뷨ŵĸоǴԯϴǵ㣬ɵԼĪС꿳һʱ
ԯҲֽԼôˣϲŮɫΪʲôÿμĪС꿶һĸ飬ǳϵĽӵ뻳УҪһֱȥʲô䷳ơ
ĪС꿲ԯ˵һ˵ʲôѽֻΪ˵ٰɣ
ĪС꿻Լǲ֪ĸоУɵѿڶȻԼңҲģȻҲŲᵽƫٵĵطأ
ԯ˼˵ɲƫ٣ֻˣԲŻϡ١
ĪСһˣһѹԯĻȻе㾪ȵʵˣʲôˣʲôʱѽ
ԯȻĪС꿵뿪ԼĻе㲻ãҲû˵ʲôֻߵʯʯϣ˵ǰһ﹬ĹŮɱˣ
ĪСҲĶ棬Ȼʵɱ
ԯЦʵΪأɱѵıɱ
ĪС꿲ΪȻ˵ʲôܣڻʹҲʲôϡ£ҲܹҲΪ˲ģǿ˲ÿģʲôʹпܵġ
ĪС꿵Ļԯ˫üʵô֪ôࣿ˽ʹһ
ĪС꿲˼˵ʲô֪ģЩ͢Ѫ֮֮ҿûٿȻЩʲôı֪һ
ԯûдԣֻǾٿɰĿݣĪСͷеľ裬Ǿ翪բˮһβ˵ЩԼϤĺʷһ˵˵ɽ
ĪС˵˶ãԯ˶ãʮţжĪС꿵һ̨ףŮԽԽ棬治֪СԴﻹװһЩʲô
ĪС꿱һѹ˿Ϧɽˣɵͣס죬˵ˣ͵͵һԯ񣬷һܺõڣڼ䲻ûдԼһֱ΢Цţû¶һ㲻֮ɫĪС꿲ɵĸжԯĿ˸ı䣬ҲԼ̫ˡ
ԯ񿴵ĪС꿶ԼЦЦȻ˵˵˰ɣ絽ҹеסȥԵ㶫ɣ
ԷĪС꿵ĶӲʱ˵ĽĪСˢһͺˣεЦ˵ðɣ̫Զɣ
ԯĪС꿵ֱ߱˵Զһ͵
ĪС꿱˦֣ԯյ̫ˣ˼ûгɹҲֻ÷ˡ
ԯ񹬣ĪСµĴһ£̫󣬵ȲϻϵٹԻͣȲϴȰݳޣȷһζһķɵգһ֮֮˵ĸоܲĪС꿲еϲˡ
ĪСȥһӰͤԶȥӰ¶һ˿ЦȻವһ²ˣ
񹬵ūź͹Ů٣һܾܸɣûһĹһ򵥶ַḻķ˾ˣĪС꿿һķͲÿˮ˳Ҳ˲ʲôʲôŮˣһ̻ʣĳŵǼŮ̫°Ͷˣз׷װ룺ûԷˣ
ԯ񿴵ĪСⲻŵĳû˵ʲôֻǺЦĿԣʱĸˮǹŮ̫͸ӳԾˣ°һʱǽӲˣΪүûĶԴ˭˵ĶԴһŮˡ
ԼүǳĲŮɫϽһ˴ж֮񱣬үıֳ׵Ĵҥԣ˭˵үŮɫѽֻû˲Ŷԣ
ԯֻĪС꿣ĪСֻʳȻǲ֪ԱߵĹŮ̫ʲôȻһ׵
㷹ĪСҸϣ뵽ҸѽзԣˮȣһпôоԼеɫŮıɫѽ
ԯŵĺŲ裬ĪСͻȻ˵ѾˣӦûȥˣлүͣˣ
ԯ̧ͷ񣬿ĪС꿣񲻽ĪСеţԯЦһ£Ȼ˵ɣϹеѲӺϣ
ĪСһ£˵ͷͬˡȥ·ϣĪСԯû˵˾ţܿ͵ĪС꿵СԺԯĪС꿽ݺĵͣһȥˡ
ĪС꿿ԯ뿪ϲɵ¶˺⣬ıһıֵֵֽĹ٣ԯĳ֣ôôͷĪС꿿ɲֿоͲ֪ϵرˣܵȻҲ֪ԯ̸֮ʱڲԶ͵ֻǲ֪Ǹ˭Ҳ֪ʲôͼ
ĪСǰ˼ţԯԼ̬ȺԼķӳҲܲǣѵԼԻͷ뵽ĪС꿲ɵ̾һԼô˵ҲֻǸŮѽϲǺģⲻܹԼѽ
ĪС꿸ҪϢʱֻһ̫༱ææ˽ĪСһŭŵʲôѽŲ֪ѽ
Ǹ̫࿴¹ڲĪС꿣ɵ˵ĪŮҽǶԲһʱ鼱ˣСǸ̫ǿʲôҲûµģ
ĪС꿶һ̫࣬ѾϳĻЦˣ˵ôˣʲôѽ

ʮ ϲЦ

̫ٹС֣ӣС̫ǻߵһūţĸϢУ֪С֣ӻԯĬͬǸȫ̫ߣȻȫ̫ߣ˵ߣֻûбķֶѡ
С֣һżĶĪС˵ĪŮҽϼ㣬ṬȥһˣͻȻ岻ʣǵأ
ĪСһװ·һʵΪʲôҽΪʲôҹȥѽ
С֣Ц˵ǻǻ𣡵ȻҲȥ
ĪС꿵ͷһɵ룺᲻ʲôȦѽҲܲȥΥѽԼСʹСһ㣬ҲǻᶪģĪС뵽⣬û˵ʲôԼҩ䣬С֣ӼæṬȥ
ṬԿһƷӻеʵȻҲܳ裬ֻڻ̫һˣȻĸֻһܻһƷ󳼣Ϊ˸򣬵εıɣȻҲͳΪԯĬĸҲΪʲôܳһԭ
·ϲʱһЩһĪС꿸Сĵˣǲƽһҹѽ
˱ṬĪСѾϰ˻ʼҵݳޣҲû̫ľȣڿƬʱĪС꿻ǲɵľ̾һѽΪһóӹȻڲͬʮϲԯĬ͸ϡǲ١
ңԯĬһڴߣٿϵһ˵ӣ˲ĪСҲԵѽ
ĪСˣԯĬæĪС˵С꿿ôˣ
ĪСЦһ£˵ͷߵߣİѾˣΪ˶ԯĬǾ¶ɫԯĬһе㼱ˣæʵС꿣ʲôѽ˵ѽ
ĪС꿿ԯĬӣеЦǰܸһֻ꣬ٿûֺ̬ҿҲ˲٣ڳʲôޣҲʲôĪҽˣֱӽˣԯĬĵϲѽ
ĪС꿿ҲеżӣҲ̲סˣЦȻԯĬ˵ˣˣҪϲˣϲˣҲҪˡ
ĪС꿵Ļһӵ˶һԯĬҲڵһʱ䷴ӳ˵ߵǰϲĶ˵㻳ˣҪˣкˣ
Ѹ˵˵ˣĪС꿿Ǹ˵ӣвɵһ󱯰ԯĬķӳĪСͻȻһĸо
ΪʲôأȻΪΪһҲκͱԯĬѾǻˣǺȴһãУҲǺ󹬵⣬̫ԭ򣬺ܶ໳еӶ޹ʵıסӣȻԯĬ֪Ϊʲôȴû֮⣬ҲΪʲôԯĬ޼̫һԭ
ϲϢԯĬ˷ܲѣȻܵģǽĪС꿽г˵˼ĪС꿴տʼסṬȫĺӣȻҲлرģرǺһĪС꿾ͿԳָ֮һõһʹͣӦĻԯĬͻһа취ڹС
ĪС꿵ȻǴӦˣӦҲѽ˼ǻʵۣ˼ҵĵϲ˼ҵǻУԼ֪ʲôǿѹͷߣԼѽ
ĪСڵڶͽԼĶṬסƫȻ鷹ˣһЩе֪ʶȻԼûлǰϻǿ٣Խִ֪ʶϹŴ֮һϴԣദҲ˽ɵı񾲵Ըֲ˵ó裬ĪСڶˣó裬ǿòҪй˵Ĳ˵Ը
ƽĹ˼գṬӭ˲֮ͣûв͸ǽѽ⹬ʲôϢҲúܿ죬ҲûʲôؿԣȻһٵеϢǻ¶˷ԯĬ͹еϢҲסˣԼ˵ˣЩС̵
һӵӣĪСᵽĺ˻Ƚ룬ӨˮʮӣṬһʱֲ֮ѡ
ӨϵЦ˵ǵģô£Ҳһǻ˵ǻڹ㻹Сѽ
Цһ˵Ҳ˵ֻԼҲò׼ǲǣҽ˵ģһ֪أҲûк͸λ˵ˣһǣǻֻЦѽ
ӨһЦ˵Ҳ˵Ķԣ˵ǸĪŮҽڱɸˣ֪дѽ
ƽ˵ǻϵ˼Ҳ뷳ĪŮҽģǻ˵иչ˻Щ˵ĪŮҽҽҲ߻˲鷳
Өе㼵ʵ˵ѽ۽㣬֪ԺǲҲѽ
˵Ҳţ˲ɵе㲻ãɻЦ˵ǿ϶ģ϶ԴһģλþͲöˣĻ֣һҲرĵģ
ˮಢûһӨ˵ֻǾĺԼĲ裬һԲڵĪС꿿һвԶ˴͡
ʱӨЦŶ˵岻ʣźˣԺЩõĺú÷ˣˣ
⻰Ѿˣ˵ѽλĵźϣҲ԰̥ˣ
ĪС꿿ӨеԽԽǾͳ˵λҪϢˣλعɣϢö̥ˣʱϹ˭Ҳѽ
ӨĪС꿳Цһ£Ȼ˵ðɣĪŮҽ˵ˣǾͻذɣȻǴǾͲˣ
ĪС꿶ĹŮ˵ӢϢ
Ů󣬼æݡӨһȥˣҲ׷׸ǣӨĪСһۺ󣬾ͷҲصľˣҲŸˡ
ˮߵģڳȥǰߵĪСǰ˵⼸һҪСģҪ㣡˵Ҳˡ
ĪС꿿ˮıӰ˵ĻҪʲôˣ̫໹ǡ

ʮ ΣķӦ

ĪСһͻȥˣǷǳʱڣĪС꿷¶ʮע⣬ϾԼȫıأ
֪ʲôԭҹӰٱĪСˣӰӰһŮӣ书ҲܸߣҹӰ֮£ҲһܱȵģĪС꿶ûʲôøУΪǸһֺ˺ܲںԼһЩ齫֧ߡ
ӰİЧҲͣÿνɣĪС꿶Ҳ˲ٵĺøУȻø˼Զˡ
ԴˮԼĪС꿾Ӱȫһ̱Ҫϸ˭ҪԼҪʲôʽ֡
ĪСתʱԯڴȰУ̫ԡ
ԯһߺŲ裬һ˵ҲôģֻǸ㣬㲻ҪĪС꿣ҲҪΪѣ֪ٴ⣬Ҳĸݡ
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˵ˣԯıӰ̫һѽеıˤڵϣϣ˫Ŀ᲻м̶һ˿⡣
ĪС꿺һʵĪС꿷ٶʲôңʲôк컨صĲҶȵȲٵĿĶĪСֻǾĶԸСĴÿҵһûΣյ滻ƷٽЩϵĶܴҲϹŮˣȻһҲĪСʡ˲
Ų飬ṬĪСĲˣĪС꿲һǺһ٣ȥȥˣ̫æˣҲӦϢһˡ
ڽҲͲԼˣԯĬҲֻǷԸȥء
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ĪСѾǸ˧ħ֣ԯͨ˵ĪСˣͬĻһˣǿ첽ߵ˻˻һĪСһŭĿŶǸˣٿǸֻһеƷŲ衣
ԯЦŶǸ˵֪ʲôϹٹӸСѽ
ǸԯԳΪϹٹӵ˿ԯԣҲЦŻӦޣүѽ½λСǮģ֪үǷʶŮѽ
ĪС꿿첽ߵԯǰûǸϹٹӣʵԯԣܸģ¡
ԯԿĪСӣɵһü˵СںԺôʶϹٹӵģΪʲôҪҪǮ
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ǸϹٹӾϹĪСһĻԺҲͻı䣬ܿϧû֪˾ϹΪЩڲѡ
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ϹеƱЦЦȻԵСﻹͷС֪ԯΪʲôô󷽡˵꽫Ʊװ˻ʹ󲽵ˡ
ԺϹΪԼΪʲôˣΪʲôûǸŮ֣ڲѣҲ޲е黹ǳԼĹ켣չš

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˺ԺĪС˳ҵķСܣվһԱ߿ţСܵĽѾǸˣĪС꿲һʱһ֦ȥͷСд衣
СܿĪС꿵ĵǳԾ˷ܵӣҲֻ棬˴һĪС꿾·磬СһСɨҶĪСе֦ˣʱͬʱͣ֡
ĪСһˮĶԷС˵û뵽ûСܸ书ҵĻҪã꿶
СߵĪСһ߽ϵĳҶᵧ£һ˵꿶书Ҳѽҽҽ߳书Ҳ˾̾꿶ÿһжֻǷһЩٵеľѣʱճɾͲ֮ѽ
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ĪС¶ɫʵƹǴεйϵ𣿲й𣿡
СʾĪСһߵʯϣˮȻݸĪСһԼҲһں˵鲢ûô򵥣ҲֻǸող鵽һ¶ۣȷʵƹ˵ЩɱеһԹһҪ߾ȥһˣˣ˵ס˱Ṭ
ĪС꿵˵ͷһߺȲһ˵ǵģǸԯĬҵṬȥչǸǻŵĲˣһҪҳΪɣҪЮң
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ڻʹһ죬ҵľһ첻ܸܰӣҲʲô£뿪ɣ뿪ǲʲô¡¾ͽҰɣ㻹ǵһûзıĵطúõĹȥɣ
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㵽ôˣôֵֹܾģ
СεҡҡͷȻĪС˵Щ²ô򵥣֪Ϊ˲ЩˣǵЩǣѾ˺ܴĴۣСǿСӣǰΪ˱ңˣ
˵ʱСˣû˵ȥĪСҲˣСĸǰѧУкѧҲĺӣʱŴЩӣȥһƬԼأǸѾңɼˡ
ĬĬһĪС꿲ˮԷС˵ҲģΪ˸ɵͩЩĴ񣬻ڻŵЩӣûԼ⣬ҲȰˣԼѡ·Ҿһȥ
ˣҪˣһЩҪ죬Ҫúñأҿɲϣʲô£סһҪСģ˵Ҫҳأ´λҸ㳪ˣ
СʮĿ⿴ĪС꿵ȥвɵһˣ֪Լܲĸ
үĪС꿾͵ɽׯȥˣҪһ¸˼Զ
ĪС꿺ܿҵ˸˼ԶڿţĪСԺ󣬷еţʵС꿽ôпջѽ𣿡
ĪСϣƽʵҹӰʲôȥˣΪʲôӰˣ
˼Զһ˵ҹӰӰλãô˶Ӱ𣿡
ĪС˼Ŀ˸˼ԶһۣȻ˵ûУֻʶѣ
ĪСʵĻûлԶӪһûƽ𣿡
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ĪСЦʲôѽΪʲôҪСѽ
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ĪС꿿Цһ˵˼Զ磬ˣ֪޵ľǱƭ
˼ԶĪСһ仰ɵһĿĪС꿣Ȼ˵ôС꿣Ϊʲôô˵ұˣʲôأ
ĪСʹĿһۣȻ˵ǱˣûΪʲôֻ㣬ʦãһ꣬ⲻĨɱģϣ㷲ܶΪһ룬²Ҫ̫ˡӽԺҸΪκιϵˣ߸·Ϊ֮
˵ĪС꿾ͳȥ˼ԶվĪС꿺꿶ûб䣬һʦ֣Ǹ㰮ʦ֣
˵ϣĪСͷҲصıӰвɵһʹΪʲôĪС꿻˵Ҳ״ӽԼ֮һ蹵һ¿ǽ
ɽׯԺĪС꿵͸ˣΪо˼ԶˣǸǧ˳ĴʦֱˣһĮˣһΪ˱ֶεˡ
ΪʲôĪС꿻˼ԶأΪȥɽׯ֮ǰĪСȥһͬ¥￴һ¸̵ĿͻȻִӯӶ˼Զߣеľ¥鵽Ԫ£ĪС꿺ǲ⣬Ҳû˵ʲôֻһ½ϵˡ
ȻҵԪ죬ԪĪС꿵֪һЩܣойҹӰģЩºĪС꿵ľˡ
Ԫ֮ԸĪСЩĪС꿵Ȼ֪ΪϲԼЩĪСȷĸԪ죬ԵģΪԼѾˣҴӽԺĪС븵˼ԶŹ··ûκνˡ
ĪС꿲һˣΪڱˣԺҪԼһƬˣĪС֮Ҫ븵˼ԶѣΪ޷ܱƭãû뵽һԼᱻ˼ԶƭΪʦֻǸʦ֣ǸΪðΣȥҩʦ֣һжˣʦΪ˸Ѿˡ
֪˼ԶһֱԼԼΪʦֲԼ£ẦԼԾװɵû뵽õĻƭ

ʮ ʶ̸

صкĪС꿵黹Ǻܲã⼸նƲֵģͿĪС£Ǿ鵽԰ȥߣɢɢġ
ĪСҲûʹӦˣĲɵתһȦʱĪСΪβģĪСѲ˵֪ȤҲˡ
һ˳԰Ĵתתߵһʱ洫һöĪС˵ĪŮҽǰ߹ĺҲЩˣ͵߹Ϣһ°ɣ
ĪСҲɵǸٵˣǾʹӦˣһ˾ͽ˺ֻһŮԺеһ£٣ĪСϸĴһλŮںڵͷ˸٣һ֧黨ӣ洹գװ׾ӣϸϸļ˫ü޳续˫˸ǡߵĹŮʮͣһԲԲĶ쵰Ӻģ͸һɹϢĻ㲻
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˵ǰϣ˵Сѽڿص㱣Ķѽ
ЦŶ߹˵ԽԽ˵ˣҿû˵ô󣡶ҽһ£λǱϷΪƷҽĪŮҽ
˵ָָĪС꿣С꿼æ߹ԯ˵ĪС꿣밲ˣ
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ĪСˮеˣʻĪС꿼װȵ˵ô˵Сеҵ뿴ңֻҪ̫ҽԺͨһ¾УҲУ˵Цˡ
߹ҲЦˣ˵ǰЦô˵ԼѽѽǱָ߻ˣûΣȿϣһҪûϸҸżң޳ȥ
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Ŀ߹Ц˵ʮ˵ĹˣҴѽʮͽˣѽӦü޳ȥˣҪֳ㣬Ҳ㵽ôѽҲۣǸģĿϱˣ
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ĪС꿿˼ͳ˳ĪС꿳ţеһûʲôرģԼĺóأǿ߹ԵôζĪСҲô˼ҵ£ֻҲ˵óˡ
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ĪС꿸˵˵ǵȻˣԺҾֶһˣСкôѽвٵĽ绤š
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๫ףһϣĪСʮϲֻһͺõ׽һĸûꡣ
߹ĪС׳ˣ๫ģһĪС꿸еܾȣҲѹΪ๫ǰż˵Ǵż߹һҸӣǰ߹ϺλŮʥȥȵۣ˾ȻɱԯĬ߹ԯĬڴ̿ĺҪȫȣŴӴ̿нһϢ߹ȻǴ̿ҲΪ˾Ȼ߹ԼΪ߹дӴ˾Ӱ
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߹Ĺ£ĪСͻȻһ֣Ϊʲôܶ鶼ǰǰĻʹǲƽѽ
⼸ղʱ꣬죬ĪССʱСľӵĵΣۿСľӣĪСʵʲôСľӣ
СľЦŶĪС˵ǻģ㵽ٹȥһˡ
ĪС˵ҹȥʲôѽ
Сľ˵ҿɲ֪꿽ҿȥɣ»ǻϲѽ
ĪС꿴һԼȻСľӵͷˬ˵ˣ߰ɣ
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СľӵٹĪСһ˵˹УԯĬڳĿϵĵͼҲûֱ˹ȥ˿ϵĵͼȻʵ𣿡
ԯĬ̧ͷ˿ĪС꿣Ȼ˵⹬Ψһһֿ˵ˣҲΨһһҲˣȴһ취ҲûУǹˣ
ĪС꿲ͷ˵ϣֻΪ˵仰ɣ¾Ϳ˵ɣҲϲĨǵ˵
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ĪС꿲ʵΪʲôѽ㲻ҴСӳ𣿡
ԯĬޱ˵˵þǲˣӽԺͰᵽٹסһ˵岻ʣʱ
ĪССĵʵʲô𣿡
ԯĬ˵³£ڹкܲȫֻŻһЩΣգҲʲô£
ĪСֵʣҲȫΪʲôҪҵɣ㲻õģҵľԺܸߣ˵ΪҺãΪʲôҳѽ
ԯĬûлشֻϵһɫӣݸĪС꿣˵Ǹģ
ĪСֽӹӣһһƯ֪ʲôģܾ֮£һһ̣ĪС꿺ܿ챻ˣҲǼʸղŵ⣬ֻ˿ֻӣȻԯĬֻÿΪʲôҪѽ
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ĪС꿿ϵӣһ£ֽʵ㻹ûشңΪʲôסٹѽҳ𣿡
ʱԯĬһ˵֪ʲôʥּ𣿡
ĪС꿻ش𣺡֪˵ʥּ
ԯĬ˵֪У˵ľʥּӦּ֪³ɣ
ĪСʱ׹õ˵֪ˣ͵᷿ȥԺס𣿶˵һĶһ
ĪСӣԯĬипǧ֪ΪʲôԼСŮ˶ģΪʲôأ
ǳԵͷǵ֪ΣʱԼˣɵĹԼҲ֪ΪʲôѵǰˣģԼѾûģȥأ

ʮ 꿾ѳɣһ

ԴӰᵽٹĪС㲻ڹЩţҲ⣬Լӣñȥ˵ɣ
͸˼ԶѺĪС꿵ǲѣϾԼʦ֣ȻԼԼĲܿһ˳ôĳޣĺܿ
Լֲƭ飡
Щÿ˸ԯĬһЩҩ˶ĿǶԼһھĴţкöҪúһ롣
Ȼ⼸ԯĬԼ̬ȣĪС꿲еһ󺮲ԯĬһζĿ⣬ĪС꿺ջΪǻʵۣĪСˡ
˸еѻǣĿܽԼһʱһ˿ůĿ֣ĪС꿸ӽţԯĬһֻƻĺһĪС꿾סֻСá
ֵԯĬҩʱˣĪС꿵ҩҩú󣬾͸ԯĬȥˣʱԯĬۣüͷ֪һʲôˡ
ĪС꿽ҩŵԯĬǰȻ˵ԯĬҩʱ䵽ˣ
ԯĬѾϰĪС꿵̬ȣû˵֪ˣãҿ۰ɣ
˵꽫һ۵ݸĪС꿣ĪС꿱һȻϸĿû취Դǰ죬ĪС꿲СĿһڱۣ˳˵һԼ󣬾ͱԯĬֻۣҪĪСһҪۣû취ӣеǾʹӦˣû뵽ԺĪС꿾ֶһۣ
뿹飬ԯĬԼǻΪɣĪС꿵Ŀ飬ҲĪСһ˽ҫ;ȻĪС꿲ŲôĵġȻĪС꿵£ԯĬĵķĸ˲ٵˣһϳͼ鳼һ滻ڳΣ֪᲻ᱻְ
ȻԯĬһ䳬Ҳ˷ʱԣڳ֮ϹȻײĪС꿸һУˮΪ˶ƷӣһӾͶס졣
ۣĪС꿵üͷҲȻԯĬ˵֪Ǹ˲ѽĺеǸ֮ţĲܵҲΪôأ
ԯĬȻĺҩ˵һҴԺ󣬾ͽε飬⼸ѽ
ĪС˵ѽҿУʵһ㣬ûбˣһʥּȫֵ֧ĻĹͺðˣ
ԯĬ˵ͷȻĪС˵Ǻãīּ
ĪС꿵һۣкܲãĥīԯĬʹѾͷˣ²òͷѽ̣
ڿۣĪС꿻صԼһֻɸ룬ԼĴǰǿ׽סϵСֽһʧɫ
ĪСѪɫ˴ϣĽеֽֿһ飬ȻûӽյˣǻҽĪС¶ɫ˿⣬ѾˣԼҪȥ
⼸ĪСһֱ룬˵ԯĬԼһ˵ĵ˴ĳ˼˾ǻʵߵ̫ȫĪС꿶һøҲûУΪǸ̫࣬ΪӣһС˵־ӣģ
ԽԽǲܵѽĪСǿ¶˼ټٵЦݣȫ˵֪СԺкѽ
ֻǸȫɨһĪС꿵СԺȻ̫е˵ȻˣǷ̫˼ҵּܲĪ򵽴ȰΪү
ĪСһ̫һ˿裬ԯˣɵĹĵʵүˣʲôʱ£ʲô
ǸȫػүͻȻĲüλ̫ҽ鲻ⲻۼ𣿡
ĪСʣ֪𣿡
ȫе㲻ͷˣǻûбֳȻش𣺡Ȼ֪ˣǻūأ˵Ī򣬻ǿȥɣ̫Ҫģ̫ɲġ
ĪС꿱ȥһ룬ȻԯĬ̫ǰƼԼǾһ⣬˵ԯҲȷʵһҪģԼҲһرĸ飬Ծû˵ʲôóԼİٱȫȰȥˡ
ܿ͵˴ȰΪȫ·ûͨͽڵ̫ڽĿŴϵԯĪСʱе̫еԣȻٹĴţǰÿĸ׵ԡ
ڵ̫ĪСֻһͨĸףûпԯĬĪСһ֣ǻϽԼǶ̫Եһãֱӵԯǰ
ֻʱԯ񣬻ڻ˯Уɫã˿˿ĺΣԽĪС꿵Խǲ򶨵Ϊ
̫󿴵ĪС꿺û̫ı飬ҲûֻҪκԯʲộȻĪС꿲ΪҽΪûһ̫ҽܶϳԯĲֻҽˣҲνĲͶҽ
ĪС֪̫뷨ĪСһߵķȥΪ֪ΪԯΡ
һĪС꿲ŷԯ֣Ȼ̫˵үǲˣ˶ⶾý⣬ҩеңҪ̫ϡ
˵͵̫Ļش̫һɵһüȻʵ˵жˣôּ¶ûбûаκү
ĪСĵ˵Ϻңʮİκ˵ǰҪĶû׼ã˵ңҲȲ
̫һ£Ȼ϶˵ã㣬˵Ҫʲô
ĪСһߵһ˵һдҪĶһҪһ䰲˴ŵӣȰУˮԣûкʹ
̫ĪС̬ȣһ˿죬ƽĻش𣺡ס񹬾ڶ棬ﻹ㰲һҾ˽ү͵ȥ
ĪС꿵˵ͷ˵ڶ棬Ҳܰǰɣٶȿ㣡ʱ䲻ˣ
̫һ߶ߵ̫һƣһĪС꿣˵ǰͷβүô죿
ĪС꿲ΪȻıд˵βãҾ͸ᣬ˰ֽϵĶȥ׼ɣ

ʮ 꿾ѳɣ

˵Žֽݸ̫̫һۣȻ󽻸ߵ̫԰Ǹ԰ȥ׼ˡ
ĪС̫ߵһŮ񹬣ԯܿͱǰúˣĪС꿾һ߲ͣĽڣһ߽ԼƵĵҩιԣΪԯѾû֪ĪСֻһİ취ˣιҩһٶȴ̫ߵĹŮ̫еȣҲû˵ʲô̫˵û˸ҿһѽ
̫ĪСĶԴԯеĵһӾûˣĻǺ֣ĪСΪʲôľľԯѵҲϲͺðˣ
ĪСûֻ̫һһľԯ񣬵ȻǴȽ̫ģĪС׼Ķֻ׼ˣĪСһһ󣬾ͿʼҩˡĪС֮Ի̫ΪҪЩǷǳҵģҲĪСһε̫ʵСѽ
ҩڷҫǺټģһѪ黨һǰ£ҩĪСҲֻҩпʵﻹûм
Ȼڿ̫ҩĪСһ۾ͿļƷҩҪΪʱȣҲϸҩĳĪС꿼ææ׼ʱĲͣæµǰڹˣһȻʹҳ棬̫ڴߣĿתԯ
ĪСһ£ȻͶ̫˵̫󣬶Ѿ׼ˣ˽ү̧ҡ
̫Ȼ֪ĪС꿳ˣûлͷֻǾ˵֪ˣ԰һ¡
һԵ԰ָż̫ཫԯ̧ңĪС̫Ҳ˽ȥҼ̫Ͳ֪ˣΪֻһһӺһľͰ
ĪС꿿ǵĳɣǶ˵ǽүѵȻŵľͰڡ
Ǽв⣬ǻˣֻ̫üû˵ʲô
ĪСһľͰзŽҩģһˮ£ùŮ˼ͰˮĪС꿶̫˵̫رһ£ҪΪүκ˶ܴţҲ
̫⣬һЩ⣬ĪС˵аκү𣿡
ĪСЦһ˵̫ЩŲңȻŲңΪʲôҪ̫ҵҽɵĻС꿾͸ˡ˵žҪʵߡ
̫̾һ˵ˣ͵ҸղʲôҲûʣͼɡ˵Ŵе˾ͳȥˣĪС꿿̫ԶȥӰεҡҡͷȻš
ܹȻû֪̫ѾźˣĪС꿾Ϳʼ׼ΪԯΧľͰת˺üȦе㺦ߣΪĹٶ˵֣ûа취һַûбİ취ˣ뵽⣬ĪС꿺˺ģԼ·
ĽľͰڣԯǽţȻڻ֮УǱϾӺΣĪСֽԯĵ£һĵԯ񣬳Ĳ˧Ҳôãûһ˿׸⣬һ֪һڵǡ
ĪС꿲˱ѪĪСԼԼһ䣺գǾͱۣ˾񣬹һʱû˸ղŵ飬ѾƽʱӣרµΪԯ
뽫ҪѨλסȻֽѪ黨µƺõҩһιԯ񣬹̵Ȼͬղˡ
ò׽ҩι꣬ĪСһȻִ˴ĽԼһһ뵽ԯڣʱƣĪСѾеˣϢһ£ʹͰڳ·󣬾ֿʼæµ
ͣĵҩιҩˮ˼ʱԯɫıˣľͰеˮҲǺĪСʱ֪Ѿˡ
ʱĪСѾۻˣΪԼе˶ϵ棬ֻӲͷƤԯһƳľͰϵݵĴϣһº͸˱ӡ
Żڳ˯ԯĪС꿳һΪ̫ˣǾڴ˯ˡ
֪˶ãԯ˷ӳۣ˿ܣִߵĪСʱӿ˰㺡
ԴӵһοԼľˣĸˣڶټȻ緢ӣеԣԼľͱȫˣĸĳƪۣԼѾܿԼģİûԭɵ̳š
ôԼûжŮ˶ģΪûһԼĶŮӣЩŮһҲϣЩֶҪӽԼŮˣԼҲûۿǲ֪ΪʲôѻᱻƽСŮԽԽԼûָоҪȫȫӵĸо֪ǻҪõ
ֻĪСһƣ˯ţ·ɿĹϣͷѾ߰ˣԯˣĪС꿽Լѵġ뵽һ˿ۣԼ̫ˣԹܶκĽĪС꿷ŵ˴ϣԼҲߣ˿죬ûҲ˯ˡ
һĪС˵̫ˣΪķ̫˯ĺܳȻԯԼ˴Ҳǲ֪ˡ
˯˲ѵĪС꿣һӳǴһһԯˣŴеĪС꿣εĿһ۾ͲˣĪСæ˿Լ··úõĴԼϣŷ
ԯı飬һߣһƴͷϣȻ˵ԯ񣬼Ȼ˾ͲҪ˯ˣҪ㣿
ԯ˫˲۾˵ʲô£ʰɣ
ĪС꿿ԯа룬ֵܻһһ˧ص㣬ǻѽԽߣ
ĪС꿱ʣĶеģ֪ʲôµĶ
ԯ˼һ£ĪС˵Ҳ֪еĶȻ֪ǺµĶҶ֪ԼжˣһΪԼˡ
ĪСĵͷȻ˵ҪСһˣһߵµģΪֶ¶ַ⡣
ԯʵޣʲô⣿

ʮ һǶδ֪

ĪС꿽Ž͵ֶͨһ޳ĲݣŮжҲ˵ȳԹ޳ݵĶȻһʱŹŮ㣬⡮˯ֶ˻˯ѣҹͻ˥߶жǺĻ˯һͻصĶ˵ǺأǸ¶Ҫ
ԯɫѾĺˣһ˿˿ĺ⣬ĪС꿿ǽʵҺ֣㵽ȥζŮֻмԺŻѽ
ĪСһʣԯɫֱΣ΢΢һЦȻ˵Ҳûʲôֻǰѵ¥ȥһ¡
ĪСһԹӣ˵¥ļԺ֮һǳǶһģ˵ǵͷƺǽʲôСС˵ǸСС˳һǸŮҲүȥҲͲˣ
˵ཿԯ񣬿ĪС꿵ԯЦˣĪС˵ôԴˣ
ĪСϱһν˵˭˵ҳԴˣֻΪү㻹ǸˣԼ˶֪ҪΪⶾ֪֪Ϊ㣬˸ѽ
ԯЦ˵ޣ꿶Ǹлл˲С˹ľңһúñģҪΣ
ĪСһЦȻ˵ˣҿ㣬õүֻһССĹҽͲˣ͵ʲôƱңǲġ
ԯĪС꿵Ļһ˿ʧ䣬ҪƱɵЦˣ˵ԭ꿶ϲЩư֮ѽãһ˸͹ȥ
ĪСһӣüЦ˵ǵȻˣҪ;ƱɣǸãȻһӵĻû취á
ԯĪС꿵ͷ˵ѽû⣬꿶ΪʲôôϲǮѽ
ĪС˵үСڵ֮ҵȻȱǮѽҲͬѽֻһСգûʲôȻȱǮˣ⾩ʲôҪǮѽ
ԯʵ꿶һֱס򽫾ôȱǮѽ
ĪС꿰ȻȻǣĴûпңֻ˻ǮˮһģΪֻԼԼѽǮѽ˸ǮǻҪģ־ҪΪǮˣ
ԯһĪС꿵ͷһ˵뻹ΰѽһ׬Ǯ࣬ҵһΣ
ĪСʱŷ˵ڵӺ´ϻ˵ţǿɲУڻСһˣ˵ҵ˻أ㻹ںŶӰɡ
ΪĪСڴԯ棬ĪС´ҪȥǾʱĪСɿ·ͻȻһ£һʱʧأĪС꿾صſԯϣ컹һĪСһʱԶ·ˡ
ԯҲû뵽ĪС꿻ˤǵĪСǺĴʱеԼͻȻӿˣһʱˣĪСѾסˣûзӳһĸоУҪƿԯ񣬿ǲ֪Ϊʲôûһ˿ԯĪСûоܾҵһ𣬹˺һ뿪ֻĪСͨͨģڴڵ
ʱԯ֪ʲôղܣղĸоɵһ䣬ǰСŮҲ
ĪСѹԺ󣬼˴ͷҲصľ˳ȥܳȥӰԯԵ꿶ⱲҪˣ
ĪСûԼ¹ڲҲûǻʹṦһĹͻصԼţһǣĪС꿲ɵԼΪʲôˣԼֻϹһѽ
Ϊʲôԯûж㿪ΪʲôʱѽΪʲôԣΪʲôҡҡͷ,ҳһƬڿɺԼˣ˵ˣ
ΪһǵΣĪСûгݣеյ˲ʹ̫ͣ͵ģл͵ģһԯʮƱЩЩĪС꿵۶ˣԼҽ治ǮѽԺͲõˣ
ΪĪС꿽үĶκˣ̫Ƕ̬Ҳһ㣬һЩ̫̫ҽԺ̫ҽԼ̬ȾͿˣĪС꿿ɲΪԼ⹬ѾûκΣˣȻԯһΣɲԺ̫ǺƽЩӵǲʲô鷳
ϾԼһɽҲûˣҲûΪԼڷ絲ˣֻܿԼСĹˣ
֪Ϊʲô⼸ԯĬûԼҩֻСľСתذҩˣˣҲûٴȥۣȻ֪ΪʲôĪСû⣬ĳ˼ĪСˣһҪȥǾȥԯĬˡ
Ҫ˵Ļ֪ľ˳ϰ칫ĵطٹܽſڵһĪС꿣סĪС꿺ǲ⣬ƽʱҲûԼѽ
ĪСҲûΪǣֻͨһ£˵ԼҪϣһܺͽȥͨˣĪС꿵һСܺͳˣĪС˵Īҽ˵æûռ㣬㻹ǻȥɣ
ĪСһ룺òͲϻҪٹȥſ㣡
ĪСû˵ֻһɫĻȥˡ
ȥԺԽԽԯĬвѽΪʲôԼ⼸ڳ˷ԼһҪסѾٵˣ
ϣĪС꿵ԯĬķڣȴ֮ԯĬȥӨǣˣĪСһҧĵԯĬڶѽԽҾԽ㡣
ĪСҵСľһӨס㹬ߣСľӲԸȥֻ˵ˣĪСһ·ϣһԯĬ
ǾۿȥʱͻȻԼȻߵһ֪ʲôطĵطһͷǣˣ·ˣ
ĪСȻ·գʹ·ܶ࣬ÿ࣬װҲ࣬ϤǺ·ģټϣ͸·ˣĪС꿿˿ܣ治֪ԼĸλãҲ֪Լģǳѽ
ٿû˾ǿ˰죬ûУĪСеˣֻһͨˣϣ߳ȥȻҲȥѽ
ĪС꿾תһֻͨԼԽԽܻܺʹôôĵطѽĪС꿰ƵʱһͻȻԺУ乬

ʮ 乬Ȼ

뵽ĪСæ˿ܣǺܻңߵ乬ˣǰС˵˵乬һ㶼סһЩܳӣܶⶼɷӣԩ乬Ҳܶ࣬뵽ĪС̸еһ˿⣬һһļƤա
ܺܺڣȻɫǻ˺£ȻǺ»йˣȻԼ书Լǵʿаѽ
ڵĪС꿺ţҲܹΪԴӴԽĪС꿾ĸеһеĹ˵пģڳһ֣һԾ
˼֮ʱĪСͻȻԶһ˿ǵƹ⣬ĪСϲǻʲô־飬ϲйһͻˡ˺ĲʲôˣҪһԣȻҪˣ˵ôˣ뵽ĪС꿹Ƿ⴦ȥ
˺ܳһ·ŵǷ⴦ֻһĹܵӲݿԿƽʱûģ΢΢֤һסĪС꿴һĬĬ˼䣺ްӷ𡢴ȴ󱯵Ĺʿ籣ӣϵҮձĪСһҪƽƽ׻֮йһѣ̧˽ȥ
ߵſڣĪСòţžҹ⼸ԵúˣĪСԼҲһˡ
һСĪС꿱ʱͻȻڴһϺܲɣ˭ѽ
һ㽫ĪСſ£ĪС꿺µĿţҳˣ˺һûٳĪСָԼ˴Ǿ˾񣬲˵Բ·ôˣе⣬Թˣ
ֻڴһ̾ϢȻǸϵˣޣѽǺˣ䣬ͽϢһ°ɣˣ߰ɣ
ĪСʱѾƽˣ룺ҲǹˣԼҲһصˣûʲôµˣ˵ˣû׼ԻصԼأ뵽ĪС˵ӣƿž˽ȥ
ӣֻټûʲôҾߣܼ򵥵һӶӻһŴһ¹ҲֻһյơһһӺһ롣ٿһλƾɵϸˣԿĺƶȻĪС꿸еϻ޵ɢһֹ
ĪС˵Բôˣ
ֻλ˻û̧ͷֻɳƵ˵ûϵһҲܹ¶˵˵
ĪС꿸еȻûʲô⣬Ϊʲô˵һֺܺ˵ĸоѽǰЩֲƬĶԻˣҲûбֳֻεЦЦȻ˵ҿɲʸ⣿
λƽĻصʰɣ
ĪСߵһϣºʵ֪ΪʲôĹסѽ
ֻǸ˵ĹûǺܻΪ乬㿴ǽðɣȻҲ乬֪Ҳߴ·乬乬Ѿסʮˣʮѽ
ĪС⣬Ѿˣ⻹乬ǲ֪λǰʲôݣʮ꣬ӦȻʵӡ
Ǹ˽˵ʮֻһס⣬û⣬Ϊ˶ΪˣȴţÿԼֵҰˣԼľˮ·ѰƲɵģõҲǼıӵģһ˹¶ĹʮꡣǵһˣΪǻʹ乬Ҳǽأʮǰͱּû뵽ǻԵԯӰɣ
ĪС󣬲ʵԯ죬ҲʶҲʲôӣֻһССҽ
ֻǸЦ㲻ƭңҲ˺ģҽڷҫûŮҽĽںܲѽ
ĪСҲЦһȻ˵ûƭ㣬ǵʥԯĬ·Ůҽ㿴ҵƣ˵꽫ԼĽƵݸǸˡ
ǸԯĬ֣һ𣬼æ̧ͷеӹĪС꿵ƣȥǼĪС꿽ŵƹ⻹ǿݣΪݱͷס˴롣
Ǹ˼ĪС꿣˵һڵĻ˭
ĪС˵һ£ԯĬ㲻֪ǰѾǻΪˣѾˡ
ֻǸѾĪС꿺ɻ󣬲Ŀ˵Ŀ˼ҵĵϣĪСҲ˵ʲô˺һЦЦȿҪĪС꿵Ķһܵ
Ǹ˱Ц˵̫ˣĬڵ˻ϣܿǸôˣڹôʵҲʣȻĬ˻ʵۣҲͲʲô£
ĪСʱѾ࣬˵ûв´Ļǵ걻ɣ
ĪС꿵ĻλͻȻװͰ͵ĶĪС꿣˵㵽ʲôˣʲô
ĪС꿶ǵһЦûΪ£ֻŵ˵㲻ýţûж⣬ʵҲֻ²һ£ΪԯĬ˻ʵۺӳܴ󣬶㻹ֱ֣Ӵ˿ԿǰһϤ
ټס乬Ѿסʮ꣬ʮǰǸǺϣоǴҵһۿʱͷһɹֹǾʱѬղŻеģҾͲҲǵҲǵϵĸס
ֻһҽڻԸ֪һУ˵ܿû´ĻӦþ˵ĵ̫󣬲źڹĻúõģĶӶȴǰ֮бӴ
ԯĬȻ˻ʵۣҲù䳬̫ӵˣʱʱвĵλĶں˲һевӦģԯԣҲ㻹ʲô𣿡
ĪС꿵ĻػλҲܿƽû˸ղŵļƽıۣϣȻƽ˵ҼرһŮܴ֪˭ˣҲ֪㵽ʹĿģ·ˣĿĽӽң

ʮһ 糾ιȥ

ĪСʱѾȫˣȻ˲ǹǾͲںˣĻشðɣҾͺ˵װɣֻˣҶҲûʲô⣬ȷе˵˭ҲǣǰҰģһ֪ʲôҾͺ˵ɡ
ǰԯĬõλһλʮͿʼӾоˣǷҫϴ󽫾Ѿֵˡ
˭ҲǣֻңҲẦκˣ뺦ңһĻػ
ʹΪǰԯĬСı˶Ϊ˰ⶾҲŽģȻҲŲᵽΣķĻʹأҲȷʵ·ˣҲû뵽סĻ뵽ţǲὫ¸κ˵ġ
˵ĪС꿾עʲôӳֻЦһȻĪС˵һͱƭ㻹Ƕ˵ʵɣǲĬӣ
ĪС꿲ΪȻЦˣ˵˵ˣҲӣֻһҽ
Цһ󣬺ݺݵĶĪС꿣˵Ҫ˵ˣ㲻ĬӣΪʲôϴֻ
˵ָָĪС꿵ϣĪС꿵ͷһЦˣȻ̧˵˵ӣֻԯĬ͸ҵģΪҽϵĶѲӲʲô𣿲Ǹ𣿡
ŵĿĪС꿣ĪС꿵ɫûһ˿ͻţɵе˵Ļʣ˵Ŀģ͸ģûк˵𣿡
ĪСҡҡͷ˵ģû˵ţ˵˵ƭʲôðɣɲԸңӵʲôرѽ
ʱѾĪСˣŵһûˣֻ̾Ϣ˵ûʲôرģȻĬ㣬ϣܺúϧ˵һ̾Ϣ
ĪСв̫ĻûʲôرģΪʲôʱֱ񣬲˼ҲԸ˵ԼҲǿѽ
˸µţ˺һŶĪС˵˵˰죬ˣʲôѽˣ
ĪС΢ЦŻصҽĪС꿣ʮˡ
˵ͷ˵ޣСˣ𣿡
ĪСЦûУһСزż
ƺЦˣ˵ʮ겻СˣڷҫʮĹͿԳˣûѽ
ĪС˵ûУ
˵ޣȻֽ˵һ㣬ϣȥ󣬲Ҫκҵ£ĬҲһ𣿡
ĪС꿵˵ͷ˵İɣҲ˵ģ֪ԯĬķ֪ܶ࣬ţһӿԸ̫ǣʱǲ̫죬ûǿǸ̶ȣΪ˳ĳ̫ǣģҲ֪ŵ£Ժʱһģӳȥ
ĪС˵̾һ˵лл㣬ʵҲûҪ뿪⣬Ѿϰˣ㲻ΪҵģֻϣȫȫĸĬˣֻҪ֪ǻĺúõľѾܸˡС꿣лл㣬ôڿ԰ĵ˯һˣʮ꣬ÿ춼ڵǡ
˵ˣĪС꿿ҲᣬΪһĸ׵ȰʱкǾ
һֹס˿Ȼ˵С꿣һϻ۵ŮӣĬǸöѽĴǶΪĬ
ĪСæ˵ɱô룬ҿɲǵʺϣҲܵӣһ纣˵󹬿ɲʲôõطȨթıأССôĶ֪˵˹ûɣҲҪģŷǣϿɹ󣬰۸ߣΪɹʣ߽Կס
˵ʵ۵ʲôõģ˽ʳ͵λ⣬ҲûʲôõģǾЩԼɺͰԼΪۣһҲֵɹƶһ㣬ҲҪԼһ𣬹ɾµûʲôԴףûʲôĶǣͲʳǾͿԣһѵĺӣǲҪһһһޣҵ๫ֻһӣҪһһеĻһӲˡ
ĪС꿵Ļ̾һ˵˵ûĲʲôõطѡĻҲ빬ʲôҩʲô³ɣΪһŮˣ֮ҵŮӣмѡԼ
˵һûû뵽ССͣ־ȴ֮ߡ
ĪС꿿Сʵ֪Ϊʲôͷסѽ
Цһ˵ΪҵѾˡ
ĪСһüͷʣԲҲģֻǸе⣬һһ£ΪαΪʲôֻѽ
ƽĻش𣺡֪һɻ󲻽⣬ظҲȵ谮ӣΪΪʺܿļʣΪЩݺңڵʱҵСĽټȵıһʱҲκβңСĹʮ꣬ʮȵ۶ҵİ޼һ˶ʶһ
˭Ҳû뵽ܿΪҪңѾ˲ֶεĵزԾȻѲӱ߹֮ʣһĪеҪҴǰȻҲѲӱ߹أÿζһȥר˱ңǴҲ⣬֪ܿʲôĬԶ.
ǲõģΪܿٴҲ˺ΪȻ¹һּĬԶڹгκ飬ûʺᣬǲҶĬԶģں֪Ҫҵӣһʱ鼱ص˹УԭΪȳ˭ܿļı
û뵽׽ΣнҵòٵˣҪöƽҴұбҵ˳ǲΪܿзҵһҲûлΪҲŻߵĹŮݳҵӣܿ׽ˣҾͶ㵽乬Уһʮꡣ
˵˻Уû˵ĪСҲԭɣٴθ̾ˮѽǲҪĺá
һĽ̸ĪСѾɹȡΣҾĪСϸĵΣ˲٣Ҳ֪ΪʲôĪС꿻ᵽΪԯĬⶾˣΪĪС꿵ҽǺܸ
ĪСҲϸĿ˿ˣȻ׼ǵʱǱһϴССĵʮȥһûõһֲˣĪС꿿󲻽޺˺һźá
ĪС꿶˵ϵκãҪһЩʱ䣬Ϣ˰죬ϾĸŮ˲ѽһƵġ

ʮ ޸

糿ĪСָ£֪߻ȥ·һ˾·ϣ̧֣߱ȥʹһƬǰУֻ͸˿˿⣬η
乬ԺĪС꿾һֱ˵ҩҲûȥԯĬ˼ҲԸԼԼֺαȥһأȻ˳ĳҲûа취Լʱѽ뵽ĪС꿾Ͱ˼졣
ԴԼ븵˼ԶѺӰҲͲٱˣĪС꿲û˲ãһ˼ԼҲһѽ
Լ͵͵ȥΪûз֣ԼˣڵҪʱԯĬˣһĪСв֪Ϊʲôе˲֪ԯĬԼʲô
ĪС꿿ͷ۵ԯĬСʵ֪ôʲô𣿡
ԯĬͷҲ̧ģ˵˵أ֪Īҽô˻ҹҪȥѽ
ĪС꿲˼ĽƱûѽǿҹɫͦԵߡ
ԯĬĪСһۣε˵ǵ߰ɣ
ĪСһͷû˵ԯĬеۣߵĪСǰ˵ĵӲСѽʹ߾ߵĵطΪԼ书ܸ𣿱Ϊû˷㣬ּסЩ죬ھͲ֣дˣ˵ɣȥʲôˣ
ĪС̧ͷԯĬһۣ˵ܹ𣿱ٵģ⼸ǶŲңû취ֻó²ˡ
ԯĬ˵޵Ĵˣ
ĪСһԯĬŭ⣬æֺõ˵ҲǸ˼ֻмҪֲ׼ǱƵģ͵͵ġ
ԯĬɫһ㣬ĪС꿽˵ǵȥҸϢȥˣΪЩûпˣԲ֪ǲǳˣ
ԯĬ˼ʣ磿и磬ôû˵أ
ĪС꿵ƤĿԯĬһۣȻ˵ûʹҵļ£㵱Ȼ֪Ҹˣ
ԯĬһĪС꿣Ҳˣֻ˵Ǹʲôģʲô𣿡
ĪСɫһ̾һ˵Ҹ磬ڵ⼸ղ֪ȥˣҲˣ
ԯĬʵ˭ѽ
ĪС̻صүӪ
ԯĬ˵ޣ
Ȼֽ˵֪ԵӪƹ߾ȥˣ㲻֪𣿡
ĪСҡҡͷ˵֪ˣ֪ȥʲôΪʲôû֪ͨѽΪأ
ԯĬ˵ȥִˣҲΪû֪ͨɣ
ĪСһʾ֪ˣʵűģԯĬǻһת˵ˣϵǼۣһ°ɣ˵ԼϱĿˡ
ĪС꿸һۣȻԸĵǰһʱüͷһ壬ϵӷһŹԱϵӣûʲôرģϾĪСɻ---ôôѽٿĹְΪ̲顣
ĪСһ²׹˵֪û뵽ԯĬٶѽżվͽˣɵĿһԯĬֻ˯ˡ
ĪС꿷еۣߵԯĬߣһ̺ΪԯĬϣոոǺã־ͱԯĬ׽סˣĪСһֻԯĬǱۣ˵Ҫߣһ
ǵͳԴƣĪСһʹӦһߣԯĬץĪС꿵֣ûзֵ˼ĪСѲҲͷˣֻǾ߿
ϸһԯĬĻ˧ڵӣ֪ΪʲôĪС꿸еᣬΪΣÿıУΪȨΪ˻λƱҪɱƴһ˭޷ֹΣûһ˿Σֱʹѽ
ŴĵһѽȨˣȻ֮ϵ󣬵Ҳɱģߴʤĺ⾳ҲֻܱᵽԽǸλϵȨˣԽǹ¶ԽǼįߵûһ֪ˣûһĶԼˣҲһֿ̣ҲһֻûǣҲûԸǣΪǵң
֪ĪСὫԯĬͷϵļɢҳ£һ𣬾ĪС꿵Ҫ뿪ʱԯĬһֻֽ׽סˣۡ
ĪСеĿĿʱȴһʱԣ˽ȥԯĬһӽĪС꿱˻Уݺݵ§סƺҪԼĻС
ĪС꿱һٶˣ˷ʱůʧ
˺һĪС꿲뵽ԼôˣΪʲôԯĬĻûų⣬ΪʲôûзΪʲôԼ̰ӵĻ
ʱԯĬ̾ϢһȻֱ۵СһЩĪС꿶˵Ҹôѽ֪֪⼸һֱڿԼȥ㣬ȥ㣬ԽԽ㣬ζ㶮𣿾񱻳ǧ˺ҧһʹ
֪𣿿һҵжʹʱϣԼ˳쿴㣬ֻ֪кһҲŸеԭܰһ棬ԭԼѪԭҵĻ֪ð꿶Ҫ뿪Һ
һ㣬ҪһУһΪҫҸŮˣҪ뿪ң
ĪС꿱ԯĬĻһһʱסˣԭԼˣİԼΪʲôΪʲôᰮԼΪʲôԼûиоİΪʲôôͻȻ
ĪСƿԯĬȻ󾲾Ŀ۾峺䣬һĨͰҲôʵĪСɻĿȻ󾲾˵ҸղǲΣ˵ЩǶ˵𣿡
ĪСǲε飬ԯĬûзŭֻƽĻش𣺡ûΣ˵Ķģĵϲ㣡
ĪСεЦһ£Ȼ˵ˣ㲻ҪˣҪûģҪŻûŻ˵һͨͨŮҿûῴң˵Ҳ䲻ѽ
ǷҫĻʵֻۣһŮӣ֮ǲܵģڶûʲôüֵ㻹ǲҪƭҵĺãԼʲôԼмƶûõġ
˵ԯĬĻѳվһ߿
ԯĬɫһ䣬ĪС꿣Ȼһһ˵Ϊƭ㣬ߣʲôֵƭ𣿡
ĪСҡҡͷ˵ûУҲ֤ϲңҲֻһʱʣҲǾŮвͬһʱ䱻ʱ䳤ˣ㻹ǻġ
ϣܺúõһ룬ֻͼһʱʣôһȷĸ㣬ԲİҪ
ղ˵ֻҪҪ㶼ңһ㣬ģΪҪڣ޾ҪĻһһһ˫ˣһһĻҲŮ˷ҵɷԾ㶼ңҪ˵ˣҪˣҲʺңϲңҰɣҳȥԼҪ

ʮ ı޼ʩһ

ĪС꿵ĻԯĬûгֻǾĳ˼һ̧ͷĪС˵һһһ˫ˣ벻Ҳһһһˣô죿
ĪС꿼ᶨĻش𣺡ֻһĹһˣģһҵһ˵ģҪģ
ԯĬЦһ£Ȼ˵ҵôһΣ޸ΥȢСָΣ
ĪС꿿ԯĬ˵һ뿪ԥ뿪
ԯĬʣ𣿲˺ӻΪ޿κΣ³ҲЭ𣿡
ĪС꿻һᶨ˵ûʲôԭֻҪһһһ˫˵ĹһӣҾͻ뿪ûκԥҲûκأ
ԯĬ˵ããһһһһ˫ˣûٿĪС꿾תȥˡ
ԯĬȥӰĪСһ̱˵ϣԵ˭˭ˣôҲˣʲôɫѽ
ԴϴԯĬĶԻĪС꿾ͱˣҪ͵ǲܵģպԯĬָֻǰӣʱлĪСΪԼۣȻ˼ǲûȥĵطĪС꿾ͿԴ󷽷ĵ̫ҽԺȡҩģȻĵĵҩ衣
ΪҪ½ڣԵϲգĪС⼸ֻȥһ乬õҩĸ˵һ½ԯĬԯֻģϾԼ߻вٵ۾Ϊ˲˵ע⣬ĪС꿿ǻ˲Űǣ乬ԺĪСҲûʲôҪˣǾµ٣ƣҲĺ
ֻûзСܵϢĪС꿺ǲҲûа취ԼʵǴ̽ϢĪС꿰οԼûϢõϢ
ڵ½ڣȻ䣬ĪС꿸еֵǣ᱾ûԼ£ȴԯĬϯĪС꿲òһϳʲô⡣
ױ̨ǰͭеԼĪСϸĿһԼûʲô仯ô㣬ûб̫ƯҲûб󣬿ǲ֪ΪʲôԼ⸱ģΪʲôԯĬԯĿѽ
һױȻԯĬ·ɫȹڡ±߼ȹȥƯ
ĪСüߵСľ˵ľӣ˵⴩·ôеֵֹģԯĬΪʲôҴ·ѽ
Сľӿ˿ȻЦ˵·㴩ѽûʲôֵѽ̫ƯˣҲûʲôѽ·Ӧøѽĳ·˵ֻһû뵽ϻ͸㣬ô֪ˣһۺ죡
ĪСεЦˣ˵ԽԽǲǲҳΪĿ֮µĽ𣿲Ĳ𣿡
Сľһ˼Ļشѽǻ׿˵ģһҪ㴩·㲻ɾǿּˣ
ĪСüͷ˵TMD治֪ԯĬʲô񾭣˲ˣһ𣡡
СľҲ˵ǣҿûʲô£·ûм֪ʲôµģˣȥҪٵ˵ỹһ칦硣
ĪСƽ˵֪ˣʲô칦ѽ
Сľһ˵˵Ϊү칦硣
ĪС˼˵ү칦磬үعˣʲôʱѽʲôˣ
СľӹصүŻ˵Ǵ˳ƹһɧű߾ĵоΪ˼νүڽ칦һ½ڡ
ĪС˵ޣԭ֪ˡԯĬǻӣմߵĿһף
СľҲЦˣ˵ˣ꿽㣬ǿ߰ɣһҪˡ˵Сľǰ·
СľߣĪС˼У֪᲻ῴСܣֻҪ֪ʲô£еҲͿŪˣ
·ϸպ߹һλ˹˾˵Ц˳ǣĪС꿲ŷ֣ʲô칦ѽ˵磬ļһЩС㣬ĪС꿲¶ˣΪǡǷҫ½ڣ⻹߹ĽͲ֪ġ
½ڣҲԴڰǰλĻʵλŮĹ£˵λŮڴշɵϻɽģӴΪ˼λŮĻʵÿһնڳ磬ıŮ໥ʶͶӣҫİһ϶档
ĪС꿲λŮǲҲԼһǴԽ뷨ܿԼˣΪǴԽΪʲôԼһ˿ִĺۼ
ЩŮĪСҲ֪ЩһЩŮĹԱֻмһĴ󳼲μӣֻһȺһģҲ̸
ĪС꿻ȺпˣġСȻԪ죬ȻԯԯԣûпСܣҲΪʸɣĵĳ֣ĪСû̫ľ棬ĳҲԶӪѾƽ˰ɣ
ĪСһԯԯԼԪͶˣʱҲֻЦŵͷĪСҲûǣֻǳСȥΪ߹Ͱ˹ıȽϿǰԼ˼ߣ˵СڣԼȻҪȥѽ
СĪС꿹˵ʶСԼ⼸ڹ¼򵥵˵һ¡
СΪСĶĪС˵ѽ⹬лСһ㣬ȰҲҪ߹ߵ̫Ͼ˸ܾҪֻҲҪС๫㻹֪䲻󣬿۲٣ȻһĹܹõôõĴѾǲˣѵ֪𣬳˵ճͻŮɷΪŮҲֻǱΪҲ͹úܶ࣬ҪСһ㡣
Сľ棬ĪС꿲½߹һλԶһ߹ĪСе̾ˣҲ˲¹ͷĺ󹬣ֻбµ˲ſ㡣

ʮ ı޼ʩ

ûãԯĬ̫󼰺ĳ֣һе˶ԯĬ¶űĪС꿳Ϊʽ΢ЦԯĬǳԵ˵һһȵգҲүʤ֮գ磬һΪү칦Ϊͬ֡
˵󣬿һߵ̫ȫȫ׹Ȼ˵ּүּ
ֻԯһ˵ּ
ȫү԰֮ƽңϲش˷ԯΪǧ꣬ƽǧҲͣմˡ
ͽʥּ͵ԯǰԯ˵лʥӹʥּͻصԼλˣȻĴҲǲס˵Źϲ֮ĻԯԺûʲô飬ĪС꿲µʶǸȻѽ
Ȼȫ͸˵硣
ǾвٵĹŮʳһһŮʼ裬Ҳʼྴ˵ǰλүҲǲʱĻྴƣĪС꿿ЩʱӨҲڿֻ¶ĲǺҲᡣ
ʱҲһֵֺһԼһĪС꿿˺ܲĿ⣬㿴˿ĪС꿾ջĿ⣬濴ˡ
ĪСһСС˵Żһ߿ľȻûǰԪһڶ治ԶĵطĪС꿸е֣ΪĵĵλӦĿǰŶѽ治֪ʲôΪԯԾˣԲŻԶԶİɣ
ٿ߹Ҳȷʵֻģ˹˵ҲٳԷֻǲʱĿģһٶò˿
ΪģĪС꿱߳ԱС˽СҲʱڳһЩ
ֻ̫ӣǴ̰̫˵һЩ˸ˣЩĻ
ֻ̫˵ˣʹˣ˵ᣬҾͲμˣǰһҪ԰
˵ֻ̫԰ԵϽĽּ
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԰Ǽּ̫ܲΪ꣬ҵδףؽŮ߹--๫¼ģ!մˣ
ּ⣬ĪС꿳һҲһȻ߹һϲĿ˿ϣֻԯĬ˵ͷʾּûзӳεڴӿ
ʱֻ̫һƽĿģ߹ѾɫˣԯĬʱ˵򽫾ּлѵ뿹ּɣ
ĵԯĬһۣȻԸС˵ּ
һ̫΢΢һЦ˵ǾͺãǼɣһعˡ˵̫󣡡
̫ԶȥӰٿ߹ѾɫѾ˺ɫ˵¶ϣޱʥּصλϣ˵ıҲǸвͬϻһʽЦݣүһ˼ı飬үû̫飬ӨһֵЦĪС꿿˲ͬı飬ڲͣķΪʲô̫Ҫʱͻ飬һ⣡
ΪһĺҲܵ˲СӰ죬ʱҲоղˣԯĬһӨ˵˵Ϊ׼һ裬ͱ°ɣ
ӨԯĬĵһЦݺݺ˵ּ˵棬һͻһº£ֵ裬Ө˶עĵŭպָֻܿˣٿԯĬƺһƵĺ˾
ĪС˿ĻУ๫ϲһ֪ҡҡͷȻĿͶӨ
ΪԼӨûʲôøУ˵ϳɣҲҲһЩģǿԼĸȨһϣĪС꿶ֺһ㣬͵Ŀ⿴衣
ӨԯĬһˣµһ˲䣬ĿһĪС꿣ĪС꿵ĿʱɵһΪĪС꿵ֻǿͣӨе˲⡣
Ҳһ˲£ĪСûз֣ĪС꿿ʱȴ֣¶֮ɫ⣬ܶ˶û̫ı仯仯Ҫĺ⣬ĪС꿲һҲֻһֱɫѽߵŵһŲΪ֪ѽ
ĪС꿲ΪУˣٿڵĸµУû̫ı仯ֻǱǰ˼Ůζ
ӣˮⶼ⣬˵ˮˮƽʲôϾฮǧʲȳˣƽӣȴĪС꿲ɵĶ˼ֺ棬һ˵ŮЩԣǲСѽ
Ө»װصϺԯĬƺǸˣǶӨ˵˻ôúܺã֪Ҫʲôʹѽ
ʱӨЦӯӯĿԯĬ˵檸ղֻ׳ˣ㲻ʲôãҲͲҪʲôʹˣĪҽҽҸ質Ҳã֪ܲһҲóһ׼
˲˵ľȣĿͶĪС꿣ʱĪСںŲˮӨôһ˵ֻһˮ˳ߵСҲһĪС꿵ľҲЦˣĪС꿼æСϽӹ˲ȻӨĵһô֪Լᳪѽ
ĪС꿵ľСЦţԯĬˣֻԯɫأ֪Щʲô
ĪСһ£ȻӲͷƤӨ˵ӨǲˣСֻǸҽᳪʲôѽӨ˵Цˣ
ӨĪС꿵ӣЦЦ˵ĪҽͲҪǫˣûʲô磬Ҳǲ˵ģ֪ĪҽǷ񻹼ǵ÷顣
ĪСһ˼ѿڶ飬ǸĴӣǸ˵ͣˣɵĿӨס졣
ıһıĪСпţ

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ӨЦӯӯ˵ûǾĲ֮һǡҵĵܵܣҲ˵ģ֪¥һ˵ŮӾ㣬Ǿǰʱп㣬Ŵ̬ϳ㣬ԾĪҽͽһɣ
ĪС⣬ǸѽѽΪʲôôɵѽ˼Զ˵ĲԼһʱǿ˺󻼣һǲɱˡ
ĪСԥ֮ʱԯĬȻҲ侮ʯĪС˵ԭѽĪҾˣһɣ
ݺݵĵԯĬһۣȻٿ˵ı飬ԯû̧ͷֻǿžƱԿ飬ԯԻһϷӣֻǵĵĿ˿ȻҲͷԪüͷΪĵӣȻСԪͬıгԾģвŵģҲкԯһϷģһЩǸеȤġ
ĪСһ£վȻԯ˵һҲǲУֻǲ֪ܲүΪҰѽ
ԯ˵ֻԯվĪС˵ĸͨɣΪɣ˵ߵĪСߣһһ̫ɿ׼һһӡ
ĪС꿳ԾĿԯֻЦЦȻˣĪСֻõһԯԣ˼˭ˣȻͿԯ
ԯȴûʲô飬ֻ˼Ŀ˿ԯĪС꿣ޱĺžơ
ĪСһ£ԯ˵ҳϴεסġ㲻ǵ𣿡
ԯûлشֻǺЦĵ˵ͷӼǵãĪС꿿󣬵˵ͷȻһָĲңȻ˵ע³ˡġ
ʧĻǣ²͸ͫ׵ɫһһΰĪ⣬ĵױʲôƻںҹ֮ûһĽ㱧Ŀɫįڱ˻֣Ѵ㻭Ĺɫҵִţһ׳ĸ
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ڸûлعˣû̫ı飬ĪС꿿ʱȴⷢˣĴźĿ⣬ĪСо
ԯĬѹ˵ĪңǺòѽ޴۽ѽ
ϵҲӳһ𸽺ţΪ˾Ӷ࣬һʱպǻԾӨҲǸе𾪣Ȼ׼ǻǱĪС꿵ĸˣвɵȻˣΪʲôԼǸ۸ڶĵܻܵҲΪĪС꿸еźΪʲôĵˣǸöá
ԯĪС꿣ŮΪʲôԼĿ⣬ΪʲôԼΪ¶
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һãйȥˣĪСֻ֪ɢС˸һ˾ͻȥˣŻʹҹ߱Ž췢顣
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ĵ죬ĪС꿱߹뵽˺ͣĪСûȥˡ
˺ĪС꿲Ÿеһ˿Ϊ̫ˣⲻòĪСʮֵľĪСվſڣ֪ǲҪȥʱһСŮĪС꿺˵Īҽˣʱأ
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ĪС˵ⲻ𣿽ҵȻҪˣôҪҳԷѽ
߹е㲻Ȼ˵ûʲôֻ鲻ѣ̸̸ġ
ĪСʵޣ鲻ãΪʲôѽҪӣӦø˲Ŷѽ
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ĪС˵ûʲôɣûʲôɣ˵Թ˵ĳ
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ĪС꿺һЦ˵֪ҲģڽԼһҲѽ
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Ѿ˯ȥĪС꿣߹ʹıۣۣ˵꣬ƻ°ɣ
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߹ʱѾĪС꿰źˣص߹ߣС˵һжźˣҪҪȥ֪ͨһѽ
߹˵֪ˣȥ֪ͨɣһС£Ҫ˿
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һ˵ҩ衣
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￴ĪСӣɵһ󲻿죬˵֪ΪʲôҪ𣿡
ĪСЦ˵ǻΪ𣿡
ε˵ĲװѽΪʲôʮ꣬ΪʲôҪΪȥգ
ĪС֪װ֪Ȥ˵ޣǲΪСҳĻò˼˰˼˰ɣˣĵİң֪ˣлл㣬㲻ңֻҪ侮ʯҲܸм㣡
̽ĿĪС꿣ĪС꿲һ죬εĳЦЦʱ̾һȻ˵ˣѺΣ
ĪС꿿һۣû˵ʲô͸ŽʿȥˣĪС뿪˼Уһ˿踡üͷ
صУڴ˯ѽҹǲǰ˼жأƻдСܵģǲ֪ΪʲôԴƺûϢĪС꿺ǵģһֲõĸо˵֪ԼεĻһ취ԼΪʲôûѽ
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˼ڵĪСΨһĵط޷ϴ裬ϵζʵǲţԼĻͳˣû취˭ԼǷѽֻϣǸܿ뵽Լİ취
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ĪСûĶ˵үУֻΪҳɣʲô˵ɣ
ԯԿĪС꿵̬ȣźĶ˵Ҳûʲô£ǻҪѡ
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װ̲ײ˰Ըλϸ˵һɣ˵Լ۾
վԽյһ飬ĪСҲţûʲô˵Ͷ˵֪˵ϸϸ
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ûĿŶĪС˵֪Īҽ˵ʲôͬѪյҲ˵һɣ
ĪС꿺򾲵Ľյ˵һ飬ĪС˵Ժֽ˵е㸴ӣĪҽ˵ԼǱݺģһҧĪҽɱ˵ģĿڹͬԺ˭˵ģ˭˵Ǽٵġ
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һĵ˵ͷȻ˵ڶˣҲٶ˵ˣҷҫɣɱ߳ɱˣ壡
￴˿ܵˣһӣĪСû̫ı飬Ҳһֽ˵
һ̳֣Ȼ˵ڣ

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ƽĴ˵ΣպնŮ޷ɱӦ壬Ϊҫ˲ٵĹףһΪȥһйְΪƽȫּ뾩
˵һּȻʹҪߣһʲĪС꿸е⣬ĴҲ¶ɫ
ҪԼΣ̱˵ô󵨣ƾʲôҪҴΣȻ̹£Ի˵ϣ컰ѽҪҴΣΪʲôѽĪСɱģΪʲôҪɱѽ
ԯĬûб˵ΪʲôԼӦúף㻹֪ڸģǺãΪʲôɣ
˵һϷݵĲǧ㻹һӶĪСûκεתȫ϶֣һģһ֤
˵ŶſڴӢ
Ļһ㶣ĪСҲһתһһӢṬĹŮ
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Ӣ˵ȷʵӢ²ͲʶĸһûҪҵֻˣ
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ʱֿ˿ϣֿԼǱʹֵӣЦΪʲôΪʲôûѽ
ʱ˵ˣܼ򵥣Ȼһ̵ĺ׼ҲǿϧӢ볣˲һĳұߣ̵ߣ˵Ķһ٣ͽðɣ˰ɣɱԼеĹŮ̫࣬Ȼ߹ĪҽԵṬһм޻Īҽ˲ԭµǣΪأ㲻ϧ壬ûȻһкǸ㻹ˡ
һʧ˵ԭ컹ǺܾĪСѽҳһжģҪɱɱɣ
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һЦȻ󾲾Ķͷ˵ԲΪˣŮТԺźˣҪΪʲôˣǲ˵ģҪһɻǾΪҺҺ
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ԯĬĪС˵ܿˣʲôҪ󾡹˵ɣֻҪ޶
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ԯĬ϶ĵ˵ͷ˵Ϸԣ
ĪСһ̾͹Ȼ˵ҾϣŮҽְ֮Ůȥƽ˵
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ԯԵĻĪСͣס˽Ųһ˵˵ʲôСܸʲôˣ
ԯɫ˵֪ĻϳҪٵˣ˾ˣ
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ЩӲĿ˿СܣȻ󾲾˳ȥԯҲ˳ȥֻ¿ĪСһϢķСܡ
СЦΪĪС꿲˲ᣬȻ˵С꿣Բ𣬺ûãҾҪ뿪ˣԺ㲻Ҫģһ᲻ĵģС꿣֪Щҵдûз¹㣬סҼһ̣ҵҲסˡ
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С꿣ҵʱ䲻ˣ˵ҪΪҳ裬ھͳɣҺѽ
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СĪС꿵ĸοЦЦȻͰĵıۣĪС꿿ŷСԼĻС˯šûֹͣ裬һһĳ»ġԵ
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ǵþȺ󣬴һɱǵ֪һЩϢҽСܰźҽΣȻȥ飬Ҳ˳ԭ׷ɱˣҲǵĳǳƹһ֧ܾӣֱܳƹ̫--쵼֮Ҫ׷ɱΪ׹ʺʮƽҪͷΪе˲ֻͩˣм޹Ϊ˶
ǵʱ볯ƹĻĽݾһԼֻ֮ӣṩйӵҾʹҵĲֻӡ
֪һк󣬷СܴʹμΧˣȻеͩŹ¶μˣ㣬ֻаСҲУЩڴӵǸߵЩɱУǵ֪һеԭɣΪԼļ˱˳
Сȴ֮ˣûѹڻ֮ǰҪҲһУԼԸϢо֪˶ġ
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ԯĪС꿻˵ʲôҪֻҪܰ쵽һ
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ĪС꿿Цһ£˵ˣлүȫˣ˵ĪС꿾뿪ˡ
ԯԿĪС꿵ıӰ˼


ڶ ƪ

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ٴλص˳ǣĪСĸпԼһ˴ŷСܵĹǻҳ˾û뵽ڳʱȻΪԼУԯ񣬿ݣĪֻ˵һлл뿪ˣӦԼ顣
ԯû˵ʲôֻǾĿĪС꿵ȥȻĪС꿵飬Ǳ˵Ŀ⣬Լ˽ˣȥʹָ࣬о
˳ǻӣ䲻義ķҲַǷĪСû鿴羰ŷСܵĹǻңֻ뾡صͩ壬СܵĹǻڷ·򸾵Աߡ
ĪСĲɵĿŴķ羰˼ֻصǰһοСܺͷСɽļ䣬һǳܣһνʶԼһһеĻ䣬һȫӿͷ£ˮҲܿ࣬ζȫ
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Ĺ˵Сܸ磬ѾؼˣڸɵߣҪúõТ˳ǣÿ궼͵ǵģѾˣ͸ǰɣǰİɣСǵģ
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Щһ˵ɵһǵȿʱɵһһͷ˵ڲЩĹʲôѽû¾ͿߣҪǣǻҪɻأ
ĪСһǿŭ˵ʲôˣ˭ǲЩĹģǻǲѽ˵Ĺ
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ĪС˵Ҹǣ˭ҲܶЩأЩ˶ҵˣҪֲŻͲҪҲˣ
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ĪСҲûа취Ǿ˵ðɣģ

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˵Ϲһͬط˳ȥˣԶߣһˣ˲ͷϺˮȻΧ˵û뵽Сӻͦѽôõһ취
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ĪСͨ·ϴǰһ룬ϹټҵһͨѾߡ
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ĪСЦˣ˵ûʲôĵģСô飬ǲģֻΪܷһھΣҰɻˣҾͲھˣ
ĪСЦЦ˵ѾͷȻĵĳˣĪСҲû죬ΪҪɵĻöѽ

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Ϊжʮӵ˳ԷĪС꿵ĹҲæûʱȥˣĪСкǲˬٺ˵ѾмλС㱻ȥˣ˵ԲϹˣǳΪˡ
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ֻҪȥǰԺУǰԺ˶ʱĪСһ͵͵ߵ˺ԺҵһĵطһϣڵãԼʳ
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뵽ⲻɵ뵽ҹҹԼͲôǱˣ´²ȥˣǺúõıԼѽ

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˵ڶ죬֮ʱĪС꿲ŷԼȻڴϣæ˿ܣԼϹܵʱϹڴǰķ羰
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ϹΪȻ˵öҸ㻹ʵһ㣬ڱϾϹټҵĿˣûȥǵǸѾˣͲҪˣȻҲ
ĪСһ˵֪ЩŮ˶Ϸ˸ҵӣ˵пܳΪٷأôǣҸ㣬ĪС꿴СûҲûܹΪǷǮҲŲϹٸ
һˣҪҲܣҿɲһ֪ǧʲô˲𣡡
˵ĪС꿾ĿˣϹ⣬ɵ̾һ

ʮ СԺ

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ϹܵСڵƻţûϢŽȥĪС꿹˵˵ιҸͷˣ
ĪС꿸ո˵ֻһ֮ﳯԼͷ˹ǸҵĪС꿵ϣĪСֻеһȣһѪȾ֣ĪСٿϹܣǼһĿԼǸƽʱֵǸľż
⣬ĪС꿲ɵͷϹ˵ˣʲôѽĸͳԵģȴңǲ
ϹټҾûһˣһ֪۸ˣǺûñոͷ⣬ңãԺˣˣ˵ĪС꿽ϵķһӵ˵ϣȻҪˤŶˣ
˼СһЩˣָеϹܺܿǾתȥˡһֻϹڼ˵ķԣһĻĪС꿳׵ûƢ첽ߵǰȻһ߽ϵķʰֽһ߶˵ˣȸŪɾڳԣ
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Ŀ⣬Ȼݸһˮһ飬ĪСѾˣתϵľżƺѾˣȻԹ˵
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ȻΣҲ٣ھ֪ѾҪˡ
ޣҺܳѽĪС꿴Ȥ˵ĪС꿵ɫѾˣҹҲˡ
ģһƽģһ갵ɵɱ֣ΪһΪƽһһ㼬֣ԯɳɱ֣ЩɱֺӪľӢҿǲҪŵԸѽҹ¶ɫ˵
ĪСˣƽ˵ˣһ¥еǶԽýɣӦɣǵֶԸЩɱִ´ˡ
ҹ˵ͷˣĪСƽݣ˵㻹ҪϹټҪҪ뿪Ͼ»кܶҪ졣
ĪСҡҡͷ˵Уڻߣûв´ĻϹϴαݺһЩϵһҪ˽˲Ż뿪˵Ҳܰȫѵıڣͻҵⳤϣ֪һһϴ£ҲҪһʱһҪӽ̽Ҫ֪֪˲ſԣң㲻õģϾһ¥Ҳڰбҡ
ҹɫ˵ĺˣҲʧģκҪ˺㣬Ҷǵóѵģ
ˣһһЩ£Ҫȥתתˣˣ˵ĪСͷҲصľˡ
ԶߵĪС꿣ҹþòܻԽǽӴԽһƽˣǰԼΪֻһŸ˼ԶСŮˣǾǰãһ۵ȫıƷˡ
ĪС꿵һĶŮˣҲǵһŮӣϵƺֱֵ̫ܶ࣬ƽû֪еôġ
һ崿ɰŮȴôĥ͸ʱԺ⣬ʱϸ˿˲ǣǿǽһĴɣͽڶ࣬ΧҲܹ㣬Ĺ֮жãĪС꿾ŵ֪һϢʱԼͱˡ
ҹӳԾǣĪС꿾Ȼǵһ¥ĸ¥һ¥ɱּţڶ̶ʱΪý˾֪ɱּţһɱ־ʮˣʮѾΪеɷǣ˭һ¥Ϊ˰ɱҲ˵Ѷڵһ¥ӣӲڽ꣬˸ƺѰ
һϢԼòʶСŮˣ֪ĪСôݵֻԼһˣԼҲΪԼΣΪˣҹкǿģ˵Լеλȱˡ
ΪԼκ£ΪȥԼΪʲô뷨ԼҲ˵ԭɣֻֻ֪뿴ԿĵĹÿһ죬ֻߣػҲǷ˵ģǰծɣҲԼǰǷծھҪúõı

ʮ йԺ

ĪСԼׯ԰鷿о˼ɽׯɽׯǰԼģʵǹѧյļĪС꿲ûгȣԼǱʦС״ԼĹȣǹ˶þͱΪ˷ˡ
ΪֻĪС꿽һγ̸֮ĬоһԼµŽĪС꿹ĪС꿺ǳԾ
ԼʹΪˣΪʲôҪŽһø˼Զ֪ԼΪʲôҲҪΪ˵ĻشĪС꿺ǲ⣬ֻ˵˼ԶʺιţԼҪҲʺϣĪС꿲ǸţҺĪС꿵лǿ棬ϾԼѾˣҲǷֵʱˡ
룬ѾʦĿˣ˼ԶżҵˣȷʵʺϹš
ڵһ¥ĪСϾʱ䣬һɱֻ֯Ϊ˺棬ԼΪԵɺϾһǾʹЩѡһЩݵĺӽѵѵһɱ֣Ϊ˲˵ĵӣĪС꿾ͶӣһҪɱ֮֮ʿ¸صĲӣί֮˿˳۵ĲӣйصĲӡ
ƾý˲òҵһ¥鷳Ȼ鷳Ҳƽˡ
ȻΪõһ¥ʧȥ˲ٵ⣬ĪС꿶һ⣬ȴõһ¥ԴϣǾҪѰ󱣻ҵһ¥ˣҪɱ㣬Ҳ£Ҳҵһ¥ˣĪС꿵һ֮ȫ㰲ȫ
˵Լʵ»ǲܱԼƣ緽Сܵ˼Զʧ䣬Լ书ʧ̫̫ĲأԼеˡ
Ȼһ¥ԼԹˣǻҪʱʱĲķҹԼ߰æ
Դ书ϺĪСԹٵİ취Ƕ޷ָԭԼеֶر𣬴ŵ鱨ԼϴжϹеϵԼŻĸԸϹٸѾߡ
ϹҲһСѽܹԼµġʧɫһͺ˲ˣҲĪС֪һݣҽ֮ͽ
뿪ɽׯʱѾǻƳ֮ʱԼһڵƻͨĽֵϣѾָˣ˳ǵҹǺܷٵģȻֵҪЩݺݺۼļԺˣĪС꿲ЦˣŴߣȻҲǴԽС˵гһطԼԺ󣬺ûкúõĹԺ뵽ĪСͻȻ뿴һԺҹ
ǮʹĥƹһҲѽԼǸʮӣ˳ĽԺżȻĺŲ裬ƷŲ㣬߻Ů̺ţĪСͻȻһִүĸоֲЩǮ˶ϲֵط⻹ѽ
һλŮӸĪС꿵һ裬ĪСЦŽӹһڣ˵û뵽Ժл˺ò裬۽ĲոϲǮûа׻ѽ
λŮӽЦ˵СĲŻ÷أʶһֲյˣ㻹ǵһѽ˵ʵԺĶһЩˣⲻͲӣйģʲôСһֻƷѽ
ĪС꿳ŷƻһЦ˵ޣ۽Цѽôˣû˹涨Ů˲ܽԺѽѽ⻨裬ζ˺㣬ʲôֵĲѽҲʶʶɣ
ǸŮһһЦһҲЦˣȤ˵ѽֲվźˣǴϹãôСҲҪԣ
⣬ĪСһӽĲˮ˳Ȼ˵ˣҿܲ˶ûȺã
ŮŭĽѾͷһҲûУҴ򣡡˵ž÷ȭ
˴֣ĪС˵񣬺񣬱СҪȥһéңһҪҵѽ
ͺһߴһӦ֪ˣȥѽ
ĪСЦſͿųȥˣĪС꿺ܿͻص˶¥߱ӸڴĪС꿵Ȼ֪еڸʲôԼǺˣû취κҲ죬˵ÿӶһǿѽ
ĪС·żʱͻȻһԼſһû뵽һ㶣ԼͱһѸק˽ȥ
ĪСϸһԼһţ˳ĺ˧ԯһȼģ͸һаĪС꿲ɵĴһǶ˵ʲôѽſң
ǸһĪС꿣Ȼ˵βѽòƯǺ㣬һϲſ㣬ΪʲôҪſѽҵôã˵ܲżǷİɣǻźүң
˵žͽĪСһӵ˴ϣʱĪСˣǸοͣϴˣԼɼŮˣǸ˿·Ǽæ˵ţǸˣҲԺˣĿˣϴˣ
ǸаȵһЦȻ߽ĪС꿣˵˵ʲôĿˣҪ˵ˣŮôᵽԺأ㻹ǸѽҸźңٲӣ
ĪСе˵ĲǼŮŲ㣬ϴˣҪҲһ˵ĪСҪߡ
ǸոǸ˾һץסĪС꿣ݺݵĽƵ˴ϣȻѹϣ˵ڲǲǼŮѾȲˣ߲˵ģԹԵܵ
ĪСһĵˣһһ˵ɫǣſңвѽٲſңҾͲˣ
ǸЦޣѽ˵겻ľĪС꿵ĴĪС꿷ķţûһֱεĿţĪС꿵Ҳˣ޷öۣһǾʱСͱ˸ˡ
һĪС꿲ϢˣǼ̫ˣĪСòͣĪС꿴ڴڵͨĵȻ˵Ǹ쵰ſңĲǼŮ
ʱкζĿ˵컹Ǻóԣ֪ҵһǵŮˣҴûǹκһŮӣÿζֱϴйǸ⣬治֪СŮʲôħȻһرĸо˵ˣ˭ҵˣ
˵һ£ĪСǺ˫ĪС꿲һƺһɵָ絽Լ
ĪСһȻɫ˵ж˶ԲԣһֵĹƶ
ǸĪС꿻ɫһ䣬ʵô֪ģ

ʮһ ɫ

ĪС꿿ı飬һԼ˵ˣ˵ܼ򵥣Ϊһ򣬴ոյıֺ͸ղϣֵºϢжϳģ̸ɣңҸⶾ
Ǹһ˼˵ΪʲôҪ㣬ϵĶɲһ˿Խģаκðɣ
ĪС꿿϶˵û⣬㲻һԣǲƭģУƭûкôģ𣿡
Ǹһ˵˵ҲԣҺܣٲ˽ҾͿƲˣ㻹Ϊй˻ΪҽⶾҲѽ
ĪС˵Ҹ㣬ҲҵģҪǿĻҾʾףҸ㣬ֻҲܽĶˣⱲӾˣֻҪѰͣĻҲ͵ˣеĿħġջ
㻹ǸΪһ𣿲Ҫ̫СңһаùԹԵģ˵ͽĪС꿵ѨסˡĪСʱҲˣһڽˣѽҵĵһΣҿɲʧѽ
ĪС꿸Ҫ˵ʱͻȻˣԺһλЦŽˣﻹ˵ţŹӣõˣⲻҸˣ
ǵ˵ͷ˴ϵĪС¹ڲŹӣ˶һ˵𱻹ǺоģһƾһǾͶǸ˵ӴŹӣ˿ɲԺĹǸᣬҸҵˣͿſɣ
ĪС꿵Źӵˣ˵˰ɣûƭɣҪ˵ˣſң
ŹӣǸ˵ϸҳȥҪŮˣȥȻҪҲ
ĪСʱ𱼱æ˵ι裬ҿԺĿˣʧˣǾͲҪҲˣԺͱ˳ˣ
һ׹ǿһ˵˵λº˵Źѽ͸̧֣ҿģλҵӣҿ˭ҲﲻŹԺͷƣ˳ıλСÿĶ࣬ҼҲõĺܣͷŹλС㣬ú÷㣬Ӳ𣿡
ֻǸ˵˵ĻӲظһûзʱ򣬿ȥҲ˵һ֣һѷɵͳͷϷȥȻֻȥһͷѾŵ˵æǸһĳȥˡ
ĪС꿿˳ȥ̾һȻۣ˵ˣ֪Լ˵ʲôҲûˡ
ǸŹӣߵĪСǰĸ㷢˵ôˣ֪˰ɣҪĴʧ֣Ҳһ
ĻĪС˫ĿһĿ⿴Ȼʵ䣬ƹ䣡
ûô֪ңص
ߣ䣬ĶҾ͸ˣҲùҪΪҵѨҾͶԸ㣬Ҹ㣬ҪСŮˣĪС˵
Цˣ˵кĺѽҺʶ㣬֮ʲôԹѽɲԸңҺܸȤ
㲻ֻ֪Ҫ֪һ죬һԼΪۣ˵ĪС꿺ݺݵĵҪԵһ
ѽҵ㣬ңڲʲôԹˣһҹɣһĶģ˵ҪĪС꿵·
ĪС꿽һգ˵ˣ֪ԼûˣѾ¶ģԼҪȫʬ
ʱֻű߿һӰɿͣת˴ĪСۣſˣû뵽˾ȻϹ
ĪС꿺ǳԾû뵽⣬û뵽ԼĪСĪĸԼʧˡ
Ϲƺѷֳ£˴˰컹ûзֳʤʱϹ͵մӻдһöĪС꿵Ѩ⿪ˡ
ػɵĪС꿣æܵϹߣʱϹҲֹͣ˴򶷣ĪС꿱ϹһѾͱסˣȻĶ˵䣬ǲ֪ôȻҵĵҰҪΪ书߾Ϊ޵ˣ㻹ҪҩĻͲҪ⣡
Ц˵û뵽õϹҲΪһŮӶ㲻ϲǮʤһôΪŮˣȻ׬Ǯˣ
Ϲ˵ǺܰǮҸһŸոõĽҩβ˱Ҳڲᶾ
ĪС꿲˼ĿϹû뵽Ȼ˵ֻĪС꿺ǳԾͬԾĻ䡣
еĽҩһڳȥȻЦһǮŮ˻رѽȻҲ˶ȷʵܺ棬͸һӣԴˣ
ϹһʹĪС뿪ˣһ·ṦĪС꿷ɻϹٸʱĪСѾˣ֪Ϲղ˵ǲġ
ϹţĪС꿴еһ˿ů˱ĸоĺܺá
ϹĪС꿱Լķ䣬ϹĪС꿲ʵ㲻ϽȥģΪʲôᵽԺȥǸŮѽô뵽Ҫȥֵط֪֪첻ǣͻᱻṆ̀ˣ֪֪
ϹʣĪС꿲ɵıһᣬˮĶĿС˵ֻǸе뵽Ժȥתת˭֪ħΪ𡭡ءû˵Ϳ
ĪС꿿ϹĻҲС˲٣§˵ˣˣûˣԺҪȥֵطˣʵʵĴڸУһңеģ
ĪСϹĻпһס˿⣬̧ͷϹ˵лл㣡
ϹĪС峺۾գε˫һʱʧ񣬴ûɫĿû뵽Ļˣڸ鲻ԽĴ
ĪСͱסˣѾϹȵĴѹȣ˫šţһֱĸоĪСʧȥ˼롣
Ϲ𳹵׵ıȼˣûԼǿҵҪ̾ҪѾȵһǼˣ뿪ĪС꿵˫ĪСǴĿɰӣϹһѽĪС꿱𣬿첽ߵ˴ߣŵϣҵɷ˵ĸ
һ˫Ĳ࣬ϹոĪС꿵·ʱĪСڻعϹĪС꿲ɵĽеҪѽȻĽ

ʮ 

ϹʱûѹֻҪҪõĪС꿵һѽ˺ʱĪС꿸ӷ˵Ҫѽ㲻Ҫѽ˵
ϹĪС꿵ᣬһӱˣͣĿĪС꿣·Ѿ˺ˣ¶¼ѩ׵ֱۣҵͷǰôΣϹʱָǣԼЩʲôӺʲôͬ뵽ϹɿĪС꿣õϵᡣ
ϹŶҪԼú侲һ£ԼûгֹΪʲôԼʧأͷͷܵˮߣþˮԼѣԼľˮһӾϹƽˣ⺮£ϹһȻĵȥˡ
ĪС꿿Ϲȥ󣬲˲ᣬŵԼǲƵ·ѾڴˣǴӹҵϹһҴϾȥˣΪټԼΡ
صСԺĪСϻصԼĴϣϱӣĪС꿻ոշ£ɵĺϹļʱϵԼĻᱻǸǿˣѽһ뵽Ϲ˵Щղŵķӳһ죬֪ϲԼĿġ
˵йҲҪ죬ǵʱǾͻĵߣʱԸ˵죬ŹŮ˾ìܣĪС꿾˯ˣһϣԼˡ
˯ԺһӰĴǰΪǺޱĿǴ۵ӣһ̾Ϣĵ뿪ˡ
գҪӽʱĪС꿲ѹ˯ĺܳĪСϹǼ췢£ɵһ죬ʧѽԼҪúõϹ̸һ̸ˡ
һûпϹӰӣ˵ǳˣĪСֻʵʵĴСԺУĵĿЩݲݡ
ϣĪСһڷϴ裬ȻϺϹ˯һ𣬿ĪС꿻һԼķ䡣
Ϲٸסһĺôʱϴˮ裬ΪϹټÿԺжһˮǶˮˮǺȣʺϴ裬ȥˮ鷳
ˮĪСźʱ뿪ϹٸΪ㵽ϹȥһˣһΪ˿˼ԶΪ˿һϹϾĪСеλú⡣뵽Ϲ뵽ԯԯĬ֪ڹΣֵܵĻȨ֪֮ܲա
ʱĪСͻȻһһǺˣĪСüͷһ壬û⣬ֻҪǴ̿ɱľУʲôȥæ
ֻһӰͻȻŶ룬ֻһ˽ڣĪСʱһĪСҲһ
ֻһ˲Ǹ˾ĪСǰȻ󣬶ĪС˵ҪҪһ˲鷿Ӧ֪ôҾʱҪ
ĪСûлͷֻǾĵ˵ͷ˵֪ΪʲôееϤһʱ벻˭
ĪС꿵ͷǸҲû˵ֻǾĶĪСԡͰĺ棬ֻһСһȺ˴СԺЩƺһһݵѲ顣ܿ͵ĪС꿵ӣŶԺȻǿԡͰеĪС꿣ҲһĪСǺܸļһǽʲôѽ
һԺ˵Բǲ֪ϴ裬ոո˵׷ͲӰ
ĪС˵ӰǾͺúõĲѽûҵŵƣΪʲôкЩ˻ȥһֱϴ裬û˽ǻ쵽ȥҡ
ǼԺһҲ֪ȤǼæȥֹһԺоûѾԶˡ
ʱĪС꿻ͷǸˣ˵˶ˣҲӦ˰ɣ䣬ĪС꿲ɵһ̾ǸѾ赹ˣϸһϽһЩѪˮĪС꿲Ȼˣ
ò׽Ǹ˷ϣȻֽ˿ڴãĪСѾ۵˻ѽŵĪСһʱժɴ˵ʱĪС꿲ɵĵһֲأԭ˾ھ¥Ǹȹӡ
ΪʲôҪϹٸѽһ˵ҲǸѽЩ⣬ĪС˳˷䣬ΪҪȥϹ˯ֻԼĴ˯һˣҲõ
⼸ϹܵĽӴĪСĹϵԽԽãϹҲֻĪС˵ĪСûԼ˯ϹƺûʲôӳֻĪСི¶ѣĪСһ䵽˶
˵ڶϣĪСˣΪϹһҩ࣬Ȼֽʣµķ˶˵ԼڣǸ˻˯ţĪСĲ鿴һ˿ڣѾѪˣԼĽҩЧõģȻ˿ҲõĿ죬ŴϵˣĪС꿷֣Ļ˵ϺÿǴܸеһ˿ĸоһ崺ĸо֪ĪС꿿ˡ
ֱǸۿĪС꿣Żعһɤ˵ˣãҸһЩˣպóԣҸ
ǸӣĪС꿽ԼɵһȻָֻ̬ʵ㲻𣿡
ĪС˵ΪʲôҪѽ
Ǹ˵ΪʲôݲˣıƺƽͲɱ𣿡
㲻ģΪ㲻ˣҿǾ㣬ҲΪɱңģǲᱻ˷ֵģΪСԺģͺúõ˰ɣҪסܳ䣬ֻţȻ˷־鷳ˣĪС꿱˵ι࣬û취˵֡
ǸӺȻĽĪС꿵չˣһͽ඼ˣȻĪС˵ܺúȣ𣿡
ȻˣҵĳտɲǴҪ˵Լµڶû˸˵ǵһĪСԺ˵
ޣȷʵû´м˲ٵҩİɣ˵
ˣûн㣬ΪʲôҪϹٸϣ˵ʵ˵ܰæĪСһʵ
Ǹһ£Ȼ˵Ϊһ˵ϹٸУԲðһû뵽ûȴˣлл㣬㣬һ治֪Լ᲻ô˳
ĪСЦ˵㻹˵һãڻϹٸУҪ㣬ֻҪһУץ㣬㻹Ҫң˭ѽ
Ǹüͷһ壬Ȼһ˿ɱӿʧˣ˵¶壬ΪǧѪβŵϹٸеģΪ֪Ϲһ֧£ȴۣҲûа취ֻͦգҪ͵ѪΡ
ĪС꿿ŶѾǺɵЦˣ˵ǻ˰ɣûв´ĻӦǻ˰ɣ
Ȼĵ˵ͷĪС˵㲻õģûж⣬ҪǧѪθʲôѽѪӦǻĲΪʲô㻹Ҫҫѽ
ε˵˵û֧ǧѪȷʵһģһǻ֮ȫֻһ꣬ȴ͵͵˷ҫĸزֻѪǵ븸Ҫʱȴ֮ѾʧȻǲţǾܲѪε䣬û뵽ǹʦ͸˷ҫүֵ˷ҫȴֻ֪ѪαϹˣû취ֻϹٸС

ʮ ʶҽ

ĪС˼ʱѾһЩͷ˵ԭˣ֪ĸõʲôΪʲôҪѪѽ
һʹ˵ĸˡǻ
ޣԭǻǵģΪʲô˶ѧöڻʹ֮е˶ҪĶˣ治֪ôˣҵѾ˲ʮֺݶĶҩˣĲѽĪС꿸̾
岻ʵʲôˣΪʲôϹٸУҿ书ȴҲǸö֣֪ܲҲ̹ѽ
֪ʲôˣҲ㣬ΪҶЩûʲôøУǸТӵķϣҾ͸㣬ĸĶѪҲΣһдһҩдģҪϿعĸƣŻõĿһ㣬Ȼ³Ǹö֣ҲӦ֪һǸⶾ֡ĪС˵
䲻̫ţǲûгԣĪСҲûֽʾдҩдԺ󽻸
忴ҩ󣬲ʵܽĸĶ𣿡
ĪС˵Ų㣬Ȱ㻹ǲҪǧѪε⣬Ѫȴ޷ⶾаմϹҿУôѪΣΪ˵õѪҲ˺ܴıǮǲóѵģҪĸտ͸Ͻ뿪ҩͿԽĸκã
ĪС꿲õ飬һ㲻˼Ҫߣ˵ҵȻŹˣߡ
ĪСס˵ѽǴӣִģȥץŹ֣ǵȵ߰ɣʱһΰ࣬мĿߡ
ĪС꿵ĻЦһ£Ȼص˴ˣȻ˵лѣ֪﷼պһҪúñľ֮飡
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һӰֻˣڵϹѾˣ˵ˣأ
ǸӰϹѾûһ˿ĵܵܣϹ˵ҽŵˣģѾ˯Ѩ
ͳϹܣ̾һ˵磬ǲǺܱɣʵĻһģ
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ϹܶЦЦȻ˵ͷʾˣϹҴһ±ǣȻˡ

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ĪСʵ֪֪ΪʲôԯԺҪ𣿡
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ĪС꿺ϹһҲܿķֿˣĪС꿻ͷϹŭ˫ĿҲһ
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ĪСҹĻܸжǸмĶ˵лл㣡
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ĪСҡҡͷ˵Բȥʦ֣ȥɣпȥҰɣ
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ϣĪСԼߵߴߴǶԽûһ˫ӣ²þͱһλؤû뵽ǰʱǸؤˣֱ˼ԺøĪС·ִӼԺľԺͳĪС꿵ĵһɱ֣ȻѵóΪ˵һ¥ĳɫɱ֣Ȼǵ츳ŬǷֲġ
ǵҲĪСȡģȻ˹С˵ˣﲻҲһ˫ýĪС꿾͸ȡ֡
ֽҲϲĲˣȻ˶ĪСҲǳݼӸжĪС꿣ǵ˾Ͳ֪ˣΪ˶˿˵ǶĪСĹĪС꿱β书ȥΣɲǱ¥ҹţһ¥Щɱɱʹȥˡ
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ʮ ·ϹĻϲ

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һۣȻ˵ûʲôرġ
˵ǵ֯ͼԺǿѽ
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ĪС꿿һãȻ˵ʲôϵ˻أԺңһҪúõıѽ
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Ϲɫһ䣬ƽ˵ԭǷѽô⣬㲻Ǳȥͨ𣿡
ĪСʱѾˣһʮһˣĻԣɾ˫ɫԵĴص۾ᣬһһ̰ƺɫ֮ͽû뵽ȻݡĪС꿲ûᣬֻϹ߿˼
ϹͬĸĵܵϹ衣

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ϹЦ˹Ȼ˵ôôܲѽⲻǿˣһҾͿӱ޵Ļˡ
ޣǶԲѽ磬м飬ʵɷ羰ѽҾȻԺȥˣλˣ
˵ϹζĿĪСһۣȻ뿪ˣĪСʱŷ֣Ϲһڽ߬ţƺʲô𣿿ǿƽݣĪСͻȻǰˡ
һУٻȨͶթϹԼҲ⣬ϹϹкܴìѽ
ĪСס֣ȻĽչʮָۣȻ˵߰ɣ
ĪСϹĲһһжĪС꿵ĹģɵЦˣҲ˲٣ĪС꿾Ժȥ
ܿ͵ϹıԺԺܿҲֻ࣬˺٣⿴һѾߣϹĲŮɫ治Ǵ˵
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˼ԶʱСԺĪС꿿ݵһᣬòײסᣬ߽
˼Զ磡ĪСѿڶ
˽Լ˼ԶͣеĽ˿ǰŮӣ˼ʵʶң˭
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ĪСʱһԺţֻýָһ˵ͷݺݵĵĪСһ˾ȻϹ衣
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˵ʲôΪʲôȫôܣ

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ĪСڰḶ̌һߴһЦ˵ûʲôǸһСʴĶҩѣģҪֻܾһʹĥ˵һΪ
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⣬Ĳ⣡Ϲʵ
Ϲ΢ŭ飬ĪСһʹȻһͷקϣȻ˵䲻㣬ֻһ޸ĸĹ¶ϹδĵˣҺˣҪİҪһһһ˫ˣЩĵǲġҲΪһθ㣬㸺ģҲ㡣
ĪС꿻Ϲкʹۣ־ĵĸоܣһѽĪС꿱סĴԼжйԼĲ
þãŷſĪСѾϹһֱΪŴˣû뵽һҲֱҲֹΪ
ϹҲԼΪʲôƲסԼΪʲô˵ʱĻʹΪʲôҪ뿪Լۣᷢŭ
Ҫģһ㣬ϹֻȢĪСΪޣֻһˣȢˣᰮϱˣΥģزݡϹһһ˵
ϹĻĪС꿱жˣжѽİĵ˵Լܲж
ĪС꿺˵ĻУ˵Ұ㣬֪ҵһοʱҾͰ㣬֪̫ƽˣǺԱΪǰܸеԼ䲻㣬һʳ˼̻ɣֻһӣܸе֮ľԶԲʲô
ĪС꿵ıףϹͻȻеӵģǽ§סĽϹ˵ҲɣҲֻһˣﻰҺܸˣ֪Ҳϲ㣬ֻΪԼǸϹӣԲұףҶ˵꿶ģԺ㲻ٹµߣһҸġ
ĪСҸĵ˵ͷʱеԼֵˣϹҲôˣϾûƣԼҲ֪Լĸ顣
ӹҲڲסĪСʱҲе˺ߣҪϹȴζЦŽĪСһʧȥ˷ֻñĳԶˣһ󴺹ޣ

ڰʮһ 

ױ̨ǰͭеԼĪС꿲ɵЦˣڵԼҸĴˡ𴲺ϹȥϹˣǵĻ¾Ͷ֮ô˵ģǾͲö֪ˣٹԼҪ޸Ϲˡ
ΪһЩɣ⼸ûпû취»ǰ죬ǲܼģҲ֪˭ƹأĪС뽫Ǹصҳһ١
⼸ϹҲ˲٣Ƕ˹ϹĪС꿲ŲὫҩأڷķϣΪϹ˶ȻŲôͽѡ
ڵϹһƬϲ˶ܸˣϾϹѾþûôˣԴϹʧ˹ź󣬸о˲٣ûƽʱĻЦλȻҪʢһ㡣
ĪСҪ޸ϹһϢҲʱڱҹ֪ˣҹϵĪСǲҪ޸Ϲ֪󣬾ʧ뿪ˣĪС꿵Ȼ֪Լĸ飬Լû취Ҫĸ飬ϾԼǷھ֮飬ȴǲ֪ο˵ֻÿȥ
˼ԶıҲ֣֪ΪʲôǿԼ˺ܶı仯⼸ˣкܶҪ̸ҲûʱҲĪС꿺ܰģٶ˼
ʱĺܿ죬תѾ˴֮գžеԼ֬֬ǽ˫գ޹֣Լ˵ʲôɫ㣬һҲ
һļװϣƽʯɵķڴϣԼһļ£ĪС꿲ɵЦˣһҲѽЩѾϲ￴Լ񣬾֪Լ
ǲ֪ΪʲôǸейֵֹģһֲԤˣΪʲôԼܻԤУÿĸо£βҪʲô°ɣĪСѾɲˣϲｫһ첼ڵԼͷϺ󣬾ʹԼϲȥˣԼϾҪóˡ
ϲİʾ£ĪССĵ˰ǰв裬ʱϲϣ俴ϵˣܸо˻ǲ٣ٿ߳һԼһϲˣĪС֪ϹϲｫַŵģĪСʱ΢΢İˡ
ϹǿӵţԼеĲѾʧˣٹһԼĳΪˣӴ·ϾͲٹµˣ뵽ĪСҸЦˡ
һأ
ݸã
޶԰ݣ
ɣ
˾˵һͻȻһͣͣⳡͣ£
һ䣬ĪСһͬʱõҲˣۿֻ߽ˣһϹ£Ҳǳͣˣһһ续Ůӡ
ʱϹһŭϹѾͷ⵷ʲôңϲ֮ʱʱͷôͣѽȥһ߿š
Ȼ˵ҪУ
ʱϹǰõ˵ǲܽģ˵ͣҪͣ㿴˭
ϹҪʱǰǸŮӣһüʵʲôŮ˭ô֪
ˣǺû˵ɡз̣ͨݷɽŮѵҴѽϹһǸзŮӵ֣һ˵
ñ;һϹǳԾʱĪСεЦˣⳡǽ᲻ˣ
Ϲܿ侲ʵǷɽŮ
ǵĲҸǷɽΨһŮ˵
ǣǲڼǰͰߣ֪ȥô⣿Ϲʵ
Ϲ֪ʮǰҸȫȥ˱ݣһסʮ꣬˭ǰҸһ𣬲þȥˣܲȥˣΪТТǰͶϹһ˵ţǸһ߰Եᡣ
ԲѽֶŮǲֻĳ̫ͻȻʱҲԣпʲôƾ֤֤ԼݣΪʱŵϣ
ףǣǼҸ벮ʱСŮһֱϣһмҸǰдţ˵ͽƷݸϹ
Ϲ󲻽û棬Ҳ٣ڵҪδ˿Ϲֻһƽûκα飬̸۵޹һ
Ϲ̾һȻ˵ֶŮǲ˼ұΪȫûҲգû뵽Ѱ㿴ʱǷ֮ʱ¿ɲǸ飬Ĳһһ˵Σ
˼ǷҪȢŮΪޣĻ¾ҪϹѾǸ¶ˣѾûʲôˣĸǰҾͶΪ˵Ǹ֮ˣһŵԺúö̵ģΪТ꣬û뵽ȴҪʧԣνܡ
˫ʣǲͿʧţΪһǲЩѽ̼˵
ĻϹһ죬ɵĿϹʵ㿴¡
Ϲƽ˵ҽֻȢСһΪޣ˵ûʲôأ
Ϲͷʹǳʼ˽ʱǸ˵ϹǲϳˣҲգûб̫ʲôţҿҲֻ֮ͽȡ裬Ҳٻȥˣֻȥ㸸ĸˣ˵ײһߵϡ
һʣ˻ûзӳֻǸѾײӣһ󾪺Ϲ·ɿĵǰȻе˵ôѽѽûֻˣǺѽ
ϹҲһû뵽Ů˸ҡ鲻ճˣʱһЩ˷׷Ȱ˵ͣ£Ҫ
Ϲֻͣ˽̴ԺȥƣȻϹ˵ҿС꿵Ļ¾ȷһŰɣǸѺɣ
Ϲû˵ʱĪСһѽͷ£Ȼ˵֪Ҫʲô㣬÷ȢΪޣ檣ޣѽ
⣬⻹Ժһ°ɣ֮ܲһѽϹε˵
ĪС꿽ִϹгȻأֻһ仰
Ϲüͷһ壬ûʱĪСһЦ˵ˣ㲻˵ˣ֪ˣȻ㲻ܸңҪģôֻףˣԵ˵꽫еĺ첼һȻתȥˡ
ϹҪסǲ֪ΪʲôĿںʹһʱûзӳֻǴվǡһʣ˸ǲ̾ϢϹҲ̾Ϣһȥˡ
Ҫܶĥమˣһһ𣬵кģô氮һҵ㣡

ڰʮ 

ͷʹĪСڷӳãȻĿ˿ܣںڵģԼһķĹֻмС͸ףֻǸоƶƺϣԼ˶ӣǻ޼£ˡ
ŷȴֻСĪСһԼΪʲô˵ҲˣϸĻһ¡
ԼϲóֻһζĿ񱼣Ҳ֪ܵȥˣǵ˲ʶԺУȻԼĵĿţͻȻĲһʹͻ˹ȥٺʲôҲǵˡ
ԼΪʲôѵ˰ԼˣʲôԼʲôĿģԼģ
ĪС꿳˼ţʱͻȻŵһرζһӾֻ˹ȥ
ٴʱĪСѾԶˣŷİ裬кԻʲôطϵ·ҲˣҲµˣԼİٱıҲˣĪС꿵üͷٴε嵽һ飬ʲô˸ɵأ
ʱһаȵˣּˣôǲǺܸѽ
ĪСһˣɵͷ˵--䣬ԭ쵰ҿһҲˣ˵ΪʲôҪңģôҴϹģ
ûң㻹ǵѽǲ٣ҪһһĻشˡȸɣҼңҵׯ԰Ҳ˵ڳƹ˵һ㣬Ұ㣬˰ңǸ˽Ϲ͸ҡ֪𣿡
Ϲɵĺ£Բԣ
꿶Ǳѩ
Ϲ쵰֪Ҿͽˣ
úãҲ֮ʲôԹ֮ڣŮˣˮɽׯԺļˣúϢһ£㡣˵Ц뿪ˡ
һһڵģ䣬㲻Ҫ̫ˣĪС꿿ſںݺݵ˵
ҹĻĪСױ̨ǰӦʱͻȻƿڿһĽˡ
ĪС꿿ģ٩ôˣȥܵʲôżҵĵˣҲвѽ
£ܶ࣬ѵû𣿲㻹ҿ۽ѽΪ㣬Ѿв˳ƣСѽ
ǣǸֿȵѽˣ㣬νҴҫģ
֪𣿺ãҲǲɣ֪Դʧٺ󣬷ҫĶѽϹҳе㣬ҫĻʵҲѰ䣬ϵ˸Ƕ಻ʤ⵽öǺѽƾ㣬ôΪ㱼
ҴҽԻװһײ棬һˣ㣬ĵͨؿƵİɣ
ײģ䣬յСˣַĳĪС꿵ݺݵ˵ţ쵰ȻԼװ˹ײģһһ
ߵĪСǰЦţ°ͣȻ˵֪ҪѾ˲٣㲻ҪģҲģû˻Ѿڶ԰ΧһֻӬҲɲοġ
˵ɣô׽һʲô
ǱѩΪʲôԽԽϲԭ׽ȻҪҽⶾˣ
Ҳأ
֪еʲô㲻ҽ⣬ֻҹҹˣҲ˶գǾͲʲô͸ʲôңҾͲµˣаȵ˵
汰ɣ޳ܣ
ˣһɣÿһظҵĶǲᷢģͲһˣ뱣סԼףһ͸һش𣬽ͺúõϢɣ˵вķſĪС꿣ˡ
ĪСʱ˼ĵTNNһף䣬ŰɣҾĪС꿣ҪΪҺ۸
ڶգĪС꿺ʹʹӦⶾˣȻдһҩȥ׼֮ȻԵõ԰סԷˮ˶ˣʲôҲźǲɵأ
⼸ĪСһֱæýҩҲһ̬ȻԼʱ䣬ֻǾߣ⵹ĪСе֣˲Լ
ʱĺܿ죬ĪС꿵ĽҩƳˣúĽ˶ʱĪСҲ֪ԼΣĵˣ
ȻĪС꿵ңĪСڵ٣󣬾;վһţû뵽СŮ˵ջ治ҲûЩĴһҲѽ뵽¶һ˿⡣
һգĪС꿿˵䣬ĶѾˣʱŷѽ
ߣҺʱ˵Ҫѽ
Ҿ֪˵һСˣ
ҿɲôΪΪ֪ͼҪҵӣٻܲĶ裬Σ
ƨ˭ϡٻҪɣң
ɣʲôѽܳԲܺȣڵѽгкдĽĵλһ붼뵽ģ㶼ɵӵˣ㻹֪𣿡
ЦҪҺ֬Ǳȣǲһˣ
ٺ٣Ҹ㣬ֻҪõĶûеò˵ģҲ⡣˵ĪСȥ
ĪС꿺ƽĿȻ˵ǿһܱ㣡
ӣѽҿǲıӣģ˽ͻĸԸĵҵӣģһһݣΨһޣΣ

ڰʮ ʹ

ĪС꿱һ§ڻУֻǾĿһۣȻ˵ſң
ûзֻ֣аһЦ˵ǲֵģģһһĶ㣡˵žҪĪС꿡
ĪСһŤͷ㿪Ĵ˵ٲģڵģҸ㣬ҪǻңȻҪҲ
ôʲôԸңϵЩҸӵˣ㻹ʲô£ҿ۰ɣ˵һѽĪС꿱˴ϣȻǿȵ
һǣȼˣǾҪӲϹʱͻȻһµ飬ԼȻûһ㷴ӳҲǲ٣ǲ⣬¶֮ɫ
һĪС꿣ݺݵ˵ʲô
ûʲôǸˣĶȻѾˣֶһص㣬˶ĻҪģʵҲǽͲܣ˰ɣ
Ī-С-꿣ݣ㲻Ҫ⣬ҵȵˣ˵ҧгݵ˵
ȻֽĪС±˻УȻ˵ҲҪ⣬ӽ쿪ʼҾҪ˯˯ɣҵ꿶
ĪС꿿䣬ǸѽȻҪӿĻǲ֣˾ִİޣֱûˣŰݡ
Ӵÿ䶼ᵽĪС꿵ķ˯ûг̫ãΪһˣĪС꿵Ŀڰͷˡ
Ľɺɺƻʵ۵ã̫ŮƹĵһҲҰһ˵޲ɷԼɫȨ˲ٵˣͼΪһŮۣȻĸ֧Ҳйء
Ľɺɺ֮һҲΪˣźƹĹͽĪС꿴˳ƻʹȻһηС
ĪС꿣ܺǸпȻɧţһӣҲ֪ĽɺɺΪҪץԼΪνԼηУȴ˰ȥԼ̣˸㲻
ܿĪС꿾ͲԻˣΪĽɺɺڳˡ
ĽɺɺѾĪС꿣˰ˣĪС꿱е㷳ˣ˵㲻ҪҺ㲻ۣһѽ
Ľɺɺ΢΢һЦȻϸ˵ôҲʲôرģΪʲôΪôԣ벻ͨĪС꿶԰ɣֻһɫѣû뵽ΪĵĻ治٣֪˭𣿡
ûв´ĻӦþǳƵĵһɣ
ޣô³ѽ˵
ⲻѲ£ųƵһòˣҶͷʱһͼǿκҲƲ˵ģоܴƤ½Ҵģҿ⳯Ҳ͹һ˶ѣ֪˵ĶԲԣ
ԣ̫ˣ㻹ܴϻѽٲ²ץԭʲôµöԲԣ
еѶȣҿɲ³ǹ԰ɣ
²ҿǲ³˵ɣðɼȻ㲻˵Ҳ㣬ʵɣץһΪ˿㵽һʲôˣȻôġΪҪ㣬Ϊ˻һҺҪĶҾͽץˡ
ޣԭѽڹѾˣ֪ɲԸңҪҽʲôѽ
֪Ҿǲ㣬úôϼɣҾͽߣ˵Ľɺɺȥˡ
ĪС꿱Ľɺɺˣһ·ĪС꿺ܰĽɺɺһȻǺ档
һҲҪȥ𣿡
棿Ϊʲô棬Ǻͻ𣿼ȻѾ֪ΪʲôҪ֪Ȥѽ
Ǹˣֲãֲѽ˵ĽɺɺҲˡ
ܿһ˾͵һƬУѾڵˣΪ׵һŮӣۿһĪС꿡
ȻĽɺɺ˵Ȼ׼ʱҪһ»ɣ˵꽫еİӸĽɺɺ
ĽɺɺӹһۣȻЦ˵ûҾͽˣ֮Ľ׾ͽˣڣ˵꽫ĪСһѣȻˡ
ǸŮߵĪСǰЦһ˵Ī-С-꿣þòˣҲôѽ벻֪˭ѽ
ᣬû뵽⿴㣬ڴʲô⣬˵ɣ
ôµˣô³ѽ˵꽫ϵɴһӣ¶ǽò
ܼ򵥣˫۾ѾˣҵǺܺ棬㵽Ϊʲôң
֪ԭ𣿺ѽҿԸ㣬ҲˣΪڣʵԭܼ򵥣ǵʦ˼Ҫɱ㣬ΪǵļƻֻҪһʦļƻͿ˳ɡǳЦ
ʦǸʦ--Ӱɣ
ûѾ֪˲ѽ
࣬ûŪ壬ԯΪʲôҪɱңҲ֪ԭɣ
ȻڸҲУԭҲܼ򵥣Ϊ˷ҫĻλҲòͿɱ㣬˭뵽ԯǼһȻϲˣΪЩǲòԺɱ㣬˳ڸһϢϢɲһҪ侲ѽ˵թһЦ
˵ĺø磬СʵǱԯԺģνǸʲôΪǱ˳Ҳֻһƭ֣ԯԴͷβֻǣˣһҪ㣬ǾǵͩĲҰʵԯ¸ɵĺ£ֻôһֱڹ
ʱҪ׽ľΪʲôҪ׽ҲΪԯ׻ʺ֮ԼûгɹԯԲŻ뵽ҪЩӣ٣ǿϧѽûüֵԯԾֽǣˣ֪Ķ֪ˣ¿԰ĵ·ˣ
ĪСĬĬı۾û뵽Сֵܸ̫ˣԯԹȻǸݵĽɫ뵽Щ޹ĺǣĪСһ󱯰
ʱܿĿĪСĵӣ˵ˣҪˣһͿԿǸСܸˣһһʹ
˵еĽһӣĪС꿵ؿڴȥĪСûֻǾվǣǾʱֻһԼûб̵ĪСһһȺߣû˵´
һ䣬һߴʣʲôˣ
û˵ʱĪС̾˿˵ǲ֪˵ģᣬ첻ҵڣڣҪԼ̫߹ˣҪΪֻһ޸֮Ůӣ̫СˣԽҪΪ֪ۣ
˵ĪСĶ԰˵ɱڣ
Ӧ
ĪСһƣ뿪ˣֻĴĪСѾľˣԼûκιϵԼں䡣

ڰʮ ׶

ĪСһϣĿһСѾͷһţһ´⣬תĪС˵
С㣬Ĳطҫ𣿡
طҫʲôѽ
ʲôС㣬лҪ˵С㲻ˣ㲻Ҫѽ
˵ɣҲġ
ľ뿪ϹѽϲϹӣҶóΪʲôҪ뿪ѽǸŮ˲ǵСΪӶϹϲǸֻҪһݣϹֲϲΪʲôźúõٷ˲Ҫ뿪ѽ
ĪСۣɫ˵㲻ȫİôɲҪҪǧˮֻȡһư𣿡
ףΪʲôүԸҪΪʲôҲҪ뿪ѽүΪλѽ
ĪСȻ˵ΪİҲҪѽҲֵΪôҪİҸˣֺοȥƭѽǸˣҲһĺѡ񣬿Ϊ̫ˣҪѽҲԺҵĿʱҵĻһԥѡ
С㣬淳ѽˣ㰮ģ㲻ҪģҲҪ治֪㵽Ҫʲôģ˲ˣ٣˵С첻ˡ
ĪС꿿Цһ£Եѽҵ˺Ұˣѡĺѽֻӱˡ
βҰˣ֪Ըٵȣ۲˰ҵˣƬƭˣҲˣȴ˵ҲҲܣ棬ҵˣ벻Ұˣ֪ҪԵ֣Ų°ҵˣΪ˽ô棬ΪʲôģõˣҲҲܣӵڻУֱ䣬ҵΪҳĲڣȴΪҰ˸һ˱ںʼղԣ˭˭αҵΪҸһУȴΪҰ飬뱻ͬΪʲôܾİΧ
յĻƻ£ɿʻţĪСС£ʱֻһͻȻһͣĪС¶ˡ
ʱæԳ˵С㣬ˣǿˣô죿
ѽǿСãҳɫһͳȥˡ
ʱĴϴиС椣Ļѽ
ֵϣ
ϣ
̴복ѾЩǿһˣڵ书СгɾͣϳӦû⣬ҲΪʲôĪС꿻ᰲĵڳڵԭ
ǾĪСΪûʲôʱû뵽֪Ϊ˾һ·񱼿ˣĪСڳУ߻ˣҲ֪˶ãֻصһ죬ĪС꿾ͻ˹ȥʧȥ֪
ٴʱѾˣܵװΣٿһ£ԼϵѾˣһ˸ɾ·ʱһСѾ˽
ĪСˣ˵Ľе̫ˣˣ͸ȥ˵ͱı뿪ˡ
裡ĪСɻԣѵԼڼԺɣȻΪʲôֳƺ
ȻĪСûв´ĵطһҼԺһһŨױŮӽˣĪС꿣Ц˵ˣ㶼˯ҹٲѹɾΣˣ
ллλľ֮ɲһ£ʲôطѽ
ޣ׹׳ǣ·Ͼ㣬Ϊ㣬ҿûٻѽǰϲξѽһҿǴĵ׸ѽ
׳ˣ㣬ǼԺɣ
ûԺҾ裬Ƕһ㣬Ҳһɣ
ޣ㣬ҽĪС꿣ллľ֮飬һỹģѾˣͲˣһҪȥҵѡ
ߣĿĪС꿣һ̣Ȼ˵ȻҾ㣬ҵˣԲ˵߾ߵģҲǿ㳤Ļеɫžģûб֮ǰǲܳԺġ˼Ҫ⵱ŮΪӿˣĪС꿵Ȼ˵
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ĪСһ£Ȼ򶨵˵㣬Ȼ˵ˣҲ˵ʲô뻨ýΣҿԺŮҲӿֻͣղõӣҲҪΣ
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ѽǾͽ㼪԰ɣúãһ׼һ°ɣϻݳǻҪæһ򻨽Ҫ·Ҫúôһ¡ĪС˵
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ڰʮ 

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䣬ֻһЭMDôǸģɨˣ˵˵ʲôѽ㳪үһޣ㼸ǮŸ棬ôǲǳļѽ
ĪС΢΢һЦ˵λүϲγ裬һνգǹ˽գҪۿˣ㻹ûεĸ裬ȲҪôɨˣ֮ү⣬ٷƢҲѽ
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ĪС꿴˸򸣣Ȼ̨˵һһµƣȻ˵εĸ裬绹벻øλĶ
Ȼã֮һɣ
ѽѽһûôĸ裡
ԣһ
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ĪСֻʦһϰһ¸裬ûµʱ򣬾ͻһһ˾ĿŴķ羰
ʱĺܿ죬Ѿһ¹ȥˣ֣ѾΪ׶˽֪ˣһ󣬵Ȼ鷳Ҳ٣㶼ܻ⣬ĪС꿿ʼˣԺĺ̨һܲһ㡣
ĪС꿳ʱ򣬷ſˣݣĪСЦ˵ѽղҪôûϰѽ
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ĪС꿻棬͵˷իƿһλ˧磬ĪС꿽һ£ĪСҲʱɵһΪһˡĪСֻһɫδ¶
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ʱŽ棬һȻæ˵ѽϹٹӣǸʲôѽǲĲãˣȷſɣ˵ѽ

ڰʮ ƴƽ

Ϲһۣ˵ãҪ㣬㣬ҪΪ˵۰ɣ
ʱһĪС꿣ֿһˣЦ˵Ϲٹӣһ㲻ӣΪ˿ɲ˭ҲûгɹҲ⣬ε겻˵ģ
ΪʲôǼǮܸûϵֻҪм۾С
ҲǼ۸ߣ޼ۣ
޼ۣΪΣϹʱݵʵ
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⣬ϹĪС꿣ʵȻѾΪʲôҪ̻֮أ
ҵɣòܣĪС˵
Ϲǿŭ˵ɣ㻹ûɣҾʹߣ
˵žҪĪС꿴ߣʱһˣס˵Ϲٹӣɲѽ
ÿҪ˵ڶ飡Ϲ
Ϲ֣ΪΣ䲻֪λιʲôڣ㲻˷ѽһֱû˵ıڤ翪ڡ
Ϲ˵ˣҽһҪߣڤʲô𣿡
ڤߵǰȻЦ˵ȻˣԺҵĲҵҪˣҲҪһͬⲻͬѽ
ʱֻĪС꿳ԾϹҲһЦˣ˵ޣԭԺǱڤֵģǾһҪߣǸոҲˣϹټҵˣԻڤֲҪֵܵĺ
ԲϹ֣ΣҲò˵νǴߵģǱǺֵܣҲ㷴Ŀιǲ뿪Ժģ㻹Ƿְɣ
ţô
ǾͶԲˣ˵걱ڤֵӳϹˣϹһ߱ĪСһӦ˾СдҲ㵽һߣŶ˵Ĵ򶷡
ܿϹ·磬עʱ򣬱ڤѽĪС˹һƴϹǰϹһѪűڤ硣
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Ѿ֪ԼλصԼǳϹʱһĿ⣬ڴϣɵ̾һѵԼǸ
飬ţҲǰ˺Ѿκˣκθ飬֪ԷԼԼҲȥԼʲô
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һԺʱҾͱˣҼŮرһΪֻԼһʱʣʱƣҷ֣ԼĸȻһľֱտ㱻ϹڻʱвɵĺǷ꣬ˣΪҵУ
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ڤǰĿû˵ʲô˾һһĺţܿһ̳ƾͼˣʱڤ绹治ɫĪСˣһ˵ľ̬

ڰʮ 

ˣϢɣڤĪС꿣ĪСһ߻ƵţһЦš
ڤ磬һûȥһ̳ƣٺúõĺϡ˵˵һվȣˤñڤּۿ죬һѱס
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һʱ䣬֪˵Ǽ٣ʱ˵ġ
ϹĪС꿵ǣЦһ£ȻĴȻĪСûһ㷴ӳ˿Ӱ飬ĪС꿱ܻˡ

ڰʮ 빬

ãĪС꿲ŻعһЦϹĪС꿵ȵķ̣СŮĽ̬ɵչֳ
Ĳں𣿡
ΪβһԣһؼҰɣһж֤ģϹĪСһĵ
ʱһӰǰǸ˵꿶ҲںǺһȥɣҲж֤ҶİһҲȱ٣
ĪС꿳Ծһסˣ˾Ǳˣԯ񣬿ӣĪС꿲֪ˡ
Ϲһ˵үþòû뵽Ҳˣ꿶ҵˣͲҪٴˣ
ޣϹΪԼܰȫĽ꿶𣿻ǽҰɣҵˣӽһúչġ
ˣԯ񣬲ҪΪү˲Ϲɲ㣬˵ݸ߹ȨɲһΪ˷꿶㲻Ҫ̫Сң
ޣǿǾҪһˣ˭꿶ɣ
˵˾ʹһĪС꿿ŶˣǷˣ˵һҲ֣˵һ³ֶ컹ῪЦѽɲǻȥȻǵԼܸжǱϾԼĽᣬ뵽ĪС꿾͵͵ߣɾʱֻɭΧͻȻ˲˵ģĪСһ
򶷵ĶҲˣͣϸһȺ߳һˣˣ˵û뵽ССĵطȻλҾȣ֪үǺʱѽΪβͨһҲҺúдһѽȻԵҲ̫ʧ˰ɣ
ԯ侲ĻصûʲôֻΪһ˽¶ѣͷˣԵҲ𡣡
ޣǲ֪ϹΪҪҵİѽ
İϹФ˵ʲôʱİѽ
꿶ҵİǽҵİ𣿡ĪСһۣ˵
ĪС꿸ˣһҵģ˵ʲôʱ򣬳İˣ
ôҹ޿ûѽЦĿĪС꿡
ĪСһˣɵ˵ҺˣҲ֪ʲô£㲻Ҫ˵ҿɲİ
ɲ˵ģѽع˵꣬ҪĪС꿴ߣԯϹʱҪ֡
ʱ˵ҿλǲҪǺúÿܿɶҵĹֻ֣Ҫһ£λܷƽ߳ƬֿɾͲ˵ˡ
ԯϹݺݵĵ˱һۣʱĪС˵ˣ˰ɣҸع
ͶˣˣЦ˵
ĪС꿿ǶһۣȻ˵ǻߣҪžˣҲǾңҲֵǰҰɣ
˵űˡ
׵ĻʹĪС꿱ŵ˷ܹû˵ʲôˣĪСƣĵڴϾ˯ˡ
Ѿ׻ʹˣĪСҲƽ˲٣֪Ϊʲô⼸Ǻ˯θҲõĲˣĪСû⣬ǽͻȻ뵽ԼѾжûˣɵ뵽ѵԼˡ
ԼæԼһȻʹסˣĸСû뵽ԼȻĻˣһСԼĶ뵽ĪС꿿ЦˣҸ뿪ףȴС⣬뵽ǱģĪС꿲ɷ
ĪСĥ͸ԼİʹȴûпӰ治֪ʲôΪʲôҪԼػʹǰ𣿲ѽǰܶղΣҲԣ֮ѽ
˼⣬ĪСҲˣǾĵҹɣվͿԿˣ뵽ĪС꿲ɵοһ㡣
ù緹ĪСڿŴ⣬һŮ߹˵ҪҪȥɢɢѽ
ĪС꿿˹Ůһۣ˵Ҳãҵٴϣҵȥ١
ŮЦ˵ͷ˺󣬾ĪСɢȥˣԼûгܹһ㣬Ǿͬ£ʹ԰ȥ˵ڻ԰Ļʢˡ
԰ǻʼҵģȲϷҫ󣬵Ҳ续ûмĻܣĪС꿿ˬһɨ⣬˵ͤе١
ĪС꿳Լʱ֮͵ĵɨˡ
ѽҵ˭ڵѽԭǻɵѽһ罿޵ĻŮӼ˵
ĪС̧ͣͷһ£߰ˣΪ׵ǶλŻŮӣ涼һЩŮ̫ࡣ
˵һװµŮӣһĲФͱӣĪС꿿һûп˵ķŮû̫ı飬ɿҲʲôࡣ
ʱæǰ밲ū澣밲λǧ꣡
ŮӺһû˵ֻǶĪС꿣Ů˵ƽɣ
лһһ˵˵վĪСС˵λǻϵӣ
ĪС꿵˵ͷû˵ʲôصǸһۣȻ˵ҷˣذɣ˵ߡ
߶ǸĹĪС˵Ǻô󵨣Ҳ밲ҲΪԼǸӾͿĿҸ㣬ʹвعؿҪܷģ֮㾹ȻôҿǻĲη˰ɣ
ҺͬƷӣΪҪҺ̸ֲʲô˵ˣÿҷĪС˵жӺᣬеЩνĹغ
ĪС꿵Ļ̱ɫߵ˵ߣΪԼʲôѽһ¥ӣԼϣ⻹װһߵӣޣǲҪ
ãôô³С˿ʵޱ˵
㣬ˣǻõ˹˵˵ʵѽһ˵Ͻŵ˷ܹǿδʺסĵطΪסǣǳΪһ²
ã˵ԼĴ㣬ǿԲ͸ѽ
ǽ㣬£ɲܾˣһݺݵĳͷһˣ֪һ£ʹʲô˶Դģݺݵ˵
ĪС۵ĿǶˣЦһҽ첻ִҲҪҵ鷳һǺ֣ÿ
ĪС꿽ԼǰһƣҪߣʱܹǰһץסĪС꿵ֱۡ
㻹ǲþȽѵһٰɣ˵־ҪĪС꿣ʱæ֣Ȼǿнֿ
סּ֣İȫǲܴģ
ѽһССĹŮȻҺҶײˣ
ĪС꿻һʱ֣ǳ˵㣬ôѽ
ۿһֿһĪС꿣̸д˵ѽŮȻײ棬ʮ壡
ʱ̫ӦһߵǰҪߣʱĪСһǰ̫ƵһߣȻ˵붯һͷ

ڰʮ ǧ谮

ʱ̫û⣬ǰ˵ܳ裬ǱϾǸѽݱԼߣﲻѽͷ˿
ۿĪСһۣȻ˵ѽ뵽һȥ
ʱ̫ǰͽĪС꿼ܵһߣĪС꿺ݺݵĿһ˵ǷҪȥɣǾͲҪˡ
˵ֻĪСᶯһ֣̫ʹ˵ϣһ䣬˶һҲһɻ
ĪСߵߣļһ£˵ǻȥɣҿ˭ҪǣҸǲľԶ㣡
˵꿴һˣĪС꿾Ҫȥʱżˣ㣡
Ҫˣعһ˿ݣȻʹ˻عȥˡ
صУǵĵʵոôѽ
ûʲô£ֻǸһССĶѣˣͻãĪС꿲˵
ʲôöôѽһŹġ⹬Ǻܼɻöġ
㴳ˣ
ǾֵӣĪСЦЦο˵ʲôѽҶ£Ҳ£ٸµĻҶùҪΪǺǵģ
˵ĪС͸ᶨɫǰԼϢˣ¶СӦ̫¶âԼʲôѽԼѾǰǸСģǿСŮˣΪԼδͶıǿˡ
ҪúõԼеԼ㹻ԼҪκΪԼҪκвԼԼˡ
ĪС꿻ɢϢɵıƸסˣһôĸߴʥ
Ȼϣ̫ոɽʹһ˷ܹƣĪСĿһۡ
ҲУֻĿĪС꿣Ȼ˵Сˣڿ㻹ôţǷ˴ˣȻöû뵽㻹ӣ˵ͼЦһ
ʱһݣʲôӳ˵ѽع棬˽öҩˣ֤֤ڣѺΣ䣬зɱۣ
ӦһǰҪĪС£ʱĪС侲˵һ£֪׽ʥּ𣿡
òʥּǺ֮ˣҳŹź󹬵ͷȨԺ֮жҪҵģ㷸Ŀǹнû㿪ѵˣ
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ҪĪС꿴ʱֻһߺȣڸʲô
һӵˣɵʵڵĶɽꡱֻĪС꿾վš
һüͷߵĪСߣȻ˵ػ
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ϣ԰Ȼöҵ̫඾ˣ֪չ棬˽Գ檾Ҫȥʡ
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ĪС꿿һȻ˵ûµĶΪҪ˽̴ҵȻóѣ
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ľְŽڷܹ⣬ﰲȫ
˸ţκʧ˶Ҫܷ
ּ˼æص
걱ĻֹĪС꿳һҲһ֪Ϊαô谮ȻĪС꿵ĺˡ
ʱֽ˵ʧʧǣȥͷΣΪҲһȥͷΣΪ񣡡
ϣϣ㲻ôѽɫһףæ°
ϣ檴ˣ˳һذɣ
ѽ˸ϳޱ
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˵һͽ˴ȥʱɵۣסİ󣬺ܿûĪС꿿һ۱Щ⣬֪ΪҪ
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һӦˣֻĪС뱱ˡ
һȻĪС꿵ĴϣĪС˵һΪʲôҪôʵ췢£Ѿ˸ˣǶ鷳粻طҪˣôҶǲǺܺѽ
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ҵɣҲ⼸û㣬ΪǣңͲҪˣԺ㣬˵׿˵Ҫ޸ҵģ㲻ʳ԰ɣ
Һˣܵѽ
ҿǵˣ꿶Ұ㣬⼸һֱӦˣ֪кܶҪѰ㣬ҶǺ档
ҽȥһĹȥ֪ԭǵǸСŮ֪ĲңԲ𣬶ͩĴҶĵ˵ԲûǻΪҶ޹ˡ
Ȼ㻹ţ֪Щҹҹ㣬Ҳҹ㣬ûѰţҵߣһҵ˼ҵߣĺܸˡ
Ҳǰ˭˭ְ㣬ֻϣҵߣһΪŮˣǧ谮һһ˵ô໰ȻĿĪС꿡
ĪС꿺ƽĿһۣȻ˵ЩǰһܸжѾǰˣڲΪ˭жˣҪʲôֹˣҲܲˣҪֻɣϣܸɣҪʹңҲʺ㣬ҲһŮˣͲҪΪˡ
Ҫߣסģ
֪ŵһ֪ڲԯϹ㣬ƹϹﶼ㣬ǶһķӣǵʵСӣǣһҪס㣬סģҲҪסˣ㲻Ҫǣڻҵĺӣ
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ǸŮǸҽҪΪֻзҫŮҽҲеġ
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ĪСεĿȻߵǰ˵ˣѾˣҪϢˣȥɣ
˵ˣԺһޣģһԼģЦ˵
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Ϊʲôô϶
Ϊ㲻ñûûģЦ§ĪС꿣Ȼ˵ˣ˯ɣ

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ĪСû뵽ΪȻĽɢ˺Ϊûõ⣬º˳ľͽˡ
ΪĪС꿲òʶһ±ƮݵˣΪ˵˵ľģҪ֪󹬾൱һãǧ˿ƵĹϵ˵ɢͽɢģˣУһҲˮĪС꿴һʱҲΪ׺䶯һʱˡ
һʵ۾ȻΪһŮɢ󹬼һٶò˵Ǹ׳٣ĪС꿳ԾڵķӳȻԱǼȵĳݣһʱȢһΪ١
ĪС꿲֪֮ô˳ɢ󹬣һ˵ĹǷֲģǸ˾׵ة--Ǹ뱱һ֮ˡ
Ǳĵ֣ȻҲ׵࣬ǵСΪλõӰ죬˶ض࣬ɾճɲãһЩҪʳﾭֵĻԹһֱǿҹҫ෴
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תۣѾʮˣҹѾˣȻҲֻ֪Ǽװ֪ѡ
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꿶Ҳϣ㲻ģϣԼ֣ܸ㣬Ҫϣҵġ
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ĪС꿵Ļԭ˵ݣ̱ܲĪС꿣ƽ˵ΪʲôľôҪ뿪𣿡
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绹ûпʼĪС޾ɻױ¿ӣЦС㣬һͿԿүˣΪʲôѽ
ˣʲôɸѽѽΪʲôһΪ˵ûʵǲʲôôѽ
Ųģֻǿү飬Сȴүܸееﲻƽѣ˵ҲΪСãСԺ˭ҲܲˣֻϣСҸͺã½͵
ˣˣ߰ɣҪûϵ̫ˣ˵ĪС꿾µͬ³Ǭȥ
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һ£ˣĪС꿿ԯͰ˹ԯֻĵͷʾ£ĪС꿾˱ߡ
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ҲĪС꿵죬һԯҲˣȻЩǻûбֳ
һ˰˹ү׵ĻºĪС꿾Ҳסˣһھ뿪ˡ
µͬ£ĪСûֱӻعֻ·ߵһ̳ߣϵɫĪС꿵˼һε
ʱ꿶
ĪСתһɾô⣿

ھʮһ 

ĪС꿿ˣסˣû뵽Ȼῴ--Ϲݵ˫գӣĪСûһᡣ
Ϲ߽˵þòˣĻ𣿡
ããʲôͬôᵽĪСɫһûи˵
ˣԾˣϹﵭ˵
Ϲ̧ͷ÷紵Լգͺ˵˫һᣬһ˼¶һһٴ
꿶Բ㻹ҵҲⲻ˵ֻǣҲ֪Ҳ븸̫ѿЩûߣͻȻ˺ܶ࣬벻㣬꿶ҲٺĹȥһȥɣһúô㣬ҲúöԴĺӣģұ֤ٷˣģ뿪ңһȥɣ
ϹıףĪСǿɬһʱҲ֪λشֻǾĿΪԼԼǲ֪ĳ飬غԼҲ֪ڣԼӦȥδѽ
̾ϢһĪС˵һЩʱ䣬Һúһںң
õģҲģҵĴ𰸣һѡ񡣡Ϲֶ˼ּįʧ䣬˵Ϲһ˿꣬Ȼȥˡ
ĪСĺϹ飬ԯ飬Ϲٵ飬õ鶼еһǰδеѹ벻飬ͺ
ĸԼ¡ĶӣĪСԣҪôѽ
һڽ֧ߺĪСһڻʹĿţߵһɽ棬ĪСͻȻͣס˽Ų
ƺ˵ĪССĵǰסš
֣ľȢǸ˹𣿡
ʲôǸԯҲ֮òʲô𣿡
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ף׾Ͳװɣ֪̫ʲôôѽΪҵ׵ܵܣǲ˵Ļġ
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ѽôˡ˿ϵĪС꿣е
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ԯ񿴵ĪСѪգˣǸĪС꿣æ򹬵ȥ
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֮ǰмҪ㣬ŪҲŻ㡣һΪʲô¶ϷˣڶϹټҵʲôޣĪСʵ

ھʮ 

Ľ˵ðɣҿԸ㣬¶ϷˣҲʦ֮ѣϹټгĲңʦϹټҼǰŲҰҲģԭҲǰòŵ֪ģҲ޷ΪϹĸףĸʦİŮˣȴ޸ϹĸףʦΪ˲Ż¶֡𣿡
ĪС˼Ȼ̧ͷԳĽ˵ãҴӦ㣬Ҫ㣬ͬҪΪϹټһԡָ֪ʲôɡ
Ľ׿ĪСǳǳһЦ˵ҵȻףɣ˵ת뿪ˡ
ĪСۿ棬Ĳɵˣˣ
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ôңҲǺúõûˣԺҲˣ
׷ʲôˣ㵽ȥˣϹһĶĪС˵
ûʲôֻǱȥ̸һЩѡĪСȻϣԼĲˮ
ĪСǵȻı飬Ϲеŭ˵ûʲô֪жൣһûʲôǣ㲻̫Ϸ𣿡
ֻʱĪС꿽еĲ豭ˤϣڵ˾һԾĿĪС꿣ֻͷı飬Ǵɢŭе˶еһ˿⡣
֪Ϲٹӣ֪ʲôȥ𣿺ѽҿԸ㣬ұ˰ˣֻŻˣôһ޸֮ˣֻ书˶Ҫҵ𣿡
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һСͼڣߵĪСǰһ˵ˣѴкηԸ
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ĪСǱģϹüͷ壬Ϸһ͵ĿĪС꿿һˣȻ˵е¶ˣֻһСɫ³ҲӦãϹټһʱΣѾˣϷ˵Ҳˣ꿶ҲˣҾͻ뿪Ϸ˴ˡ
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ոս˳ȥʱϹͻȻɫһ䣬ʮʹı飬һӾͻ˹ȥһôҲһĪС꿼æΪûʲôرѽϹӣҲװģĪС꿺ǲ⡣
ʱϷ˹е˵ô꿶ôˣ
Ҳ֪ѽĪС꿲Ļص
ϹҲϹȻһص˵Ǵëַˣɣ̧ȥɡ
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ĪС꿵˵ͷӦһһȥˣ˶ߺϷͻȻ¶һ˿ıóѵЦݡ

ھʮ Ϸ˵˼

ϹúúĪС꿹еϹܣʲôëΪʲôﲻѽ
ޣҲûʲôҲ⼸̫˰ɣԸЩˣëҲֵĺܣҲﲻһӦúˣˣȥһЩҩ𣿡Ϲд˺˵
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ϹܿĪСһۣҡҡͷͳȥˣĪСûֻǶϹ֪᲻ʲôΣգΪʲô޹ʵĻ赹ѽ
ϹܽϺһĪС꿻ûз֣̾һͳϷ˵Ժȥ
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ֻ¯ѾĪСŪ𣬿Ǵϵ˵İѾȼɫޱߣ밮ĽڣѾ麣
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Լ֪ˣһ̸ùϹ֪ڰΪԥͳɣ꿶ںĹȥǾ޸Խ׳һ»ԼԼĽѾˣ꿶һЩʲôѽ
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꿶˯գϹͻȻеҸҸһ̰ɣĽҵͷ£ȻЦЦۣҲ˯ˣǴЦ⣬һ̣һֺܰҸӿڶ˵ߡ
һĪС˯úҹһҹе˯ͲߵϹûӰ΢΢Щãһ룬ãԼָѽ
˵ףԼģǺܿϹİֻһֱԼѹԼĸ飬Ϊ̫һծΪ֪Լ޷ʲôرֻýеĸĵء
·ĪСȴԼҹǷϻܲʣϵЩĪС죬ѽҩԼĿǣѾǵڶαҩˣҡҡͷԷģԺһҪСģһҩһǾƣһҪԶԶģȻԺ󻹲֪ҪǺʲôӡ
͵͵ĴϹٸĪСһûϹȻԼ治֪ǺãһεĿķ羰һţԴϴĪС꿱ܺþͻı䣬һյЦ侲ĪС֪Ϊǵ¥ĺǳ⡣
뵽⣬ĪС̾һ֪˵ãѾˣԼǣҲˣĪС꿺Σ˲СĴ

ھʮ ĽῪ

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ھʮ ƽ

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ĪС꿵ƽ֪ĸϣֿһ--
Ϊҫε࣬ӧƽִ֣ĪС꿲Ŀ࿴ԯĬûѡˡ
ĪС꿵ĵҲܳԾȻǸˣڵ֪ܿͻдҩʳҪƽݣ˷ܲѣ̷ԸȥѸȫǣܿƽǾͻþȣһǻɳҩϾҪˣҽĵƽߡ
ｫԼҽͽһ¹ĪС꿲ûйҲǣʱҪסģҪôȻȫǰյ֪ºҲƽ˲٣ЩµİҲƽ
ƽݣĪСϹܾæһ߲鿴飬һƽҩŬ˽ҩҴ󲿵ҩҲ½
һָŸβһɷʳ͢ҩҲܿĵˣѺҩԯĪС꿴һĪСû뵽СҲˡ
ȻиϲϹҲһҩˣϹҲ˴ʳôæĪС꿲ɴϲ

һ ԵĹȥ

ĪС꿲ͣıƵ㣬ѾסˣಡҲڿУǵҽԺԼͲ̫æˣæ͵УĪСһƽݳǵһɽϣԼһӺ
ɽϵķ羰ƽͣڴȻУƽ
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㻹֪ɣѾˣԸҼ޸Ѿ󽫾ˣԲҵĻûμӣ㲻Ұɣ
ģĵף㣬û뵽ʵԼ룬ĺΪˣǲԯԭľ𣿡ĪСвʵ
ûԴү󣬳̷ɾʹλãҲѾӪĽˣٹҾҪˣȥҳ̷ɣһ߹ءС¶ҸЦݡ
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ȴ֪ΪʲôĬ˻ʵۺ󲻾ãǸõĹŮɱˣǾԼ԰
Ϊ˺ܴĴ䣬ͬǰһ֮ĸҲˣҷҰģҪϣʱ֪ΪʲôҪôֻþ߼ܼұϾǻһ壬Ĭ֮䣬ѡĬ
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