صļԣwww.27txt.com ṩȥ˴վŶ


̫ϻ
ߣ

һ

ɣ걻ϻλģƨСò̫ϣȻȺһƬߺǵأСԴһ һ嵽̫ȹϡ
ܵˣѾǶõˣɣȴֱȶûҪôһ㣬ʮǰΪʷżϵĽѵɣôҲ˼ӦλȨɣ ʵûıλ˼ֱܹڳɣʮ껹ظķϾȨϺɴҲˣһᵽɽˮĵطȥˡ
ʱ鷿ĳ˵һ䣺 Ҳʱ򳤴 
ɣʱŻ㶣Ϊ˵ Ѿ 
ʮˣʮͿĺŮԲ˷̫Ӷˣû
ʱ춼Щһֱʵķһ˥ܵĲˣΨһĵ˵ҲΪԵӵȰ꽫ţƣүô
£󹬾ȻҲƽ͹ž
̫רȨ ʺ󽾺᣿Ҷ
ûԹ̫ÿճիԳб䶯ŲʣѵŮʺ꣬ޥģͻִȣԻʺѲȥһֱǹģλҲһֱš
Ȼ̫ۣԲǣֻĺʵʺ󰡡
Ҳϣߣͬζһ±ʮͷѹʹ࣬νͬϧ΢Ըٳٵò
 ллº񰮣檾ûñȽϺʡ
ⲽһ˸ʡ
 ллº񰮣СΣȻֽ 
˵㲻Сˣȹ˻һİ˼ҲϣҲȥǿˣϱһʵϲվȻǣϲķıһֲпɸѡʣµĴ̫ϲĿζõΪŮʵûθڡ
ҲɫѬĻʵۣ嵭Ҳãͼ徲
İõݰݣһꡣ

ڶ

ˣеСãеĻʵۺϸеĻʵϲ黭еϲɫ֮ʵ۵İöɱΪ׷һղᱻϻͷΡ
֮£ɣԼİüأȲ˲Ҳ飬ʮֵ
ڣ磬ɣ԰ȻʼŪı
ⱲΨһİþƤӰϷԴ꾪һƳͱ޿԰εסˣģֻһۣĳУԺӶŮɳɷҲûϵˣֻҪͳɡ
̫ʱڼһëɫڵϺùţƤȫĵͶ¸̫˶վԱˣŻй̧ͷ
ѾʮˣصǶһվѡ
ˣүãӶ˼ҵҪӢܸɣ̫ӿʼ󣬳ɣеÿճ⣬ĥӰϷȻⶼ̫Ӵϻܸɵĸ
ֻǡΪʲô⺢̫ܰӳıϵĻۻҪƣ
룬ƵԵʡ
ʾڳ΢Ц ʶˣ
̫ӹصվһԣӲʵӣ°͡޵Ľüһ£ȻԶĵƳ˳ɣŵţƤϡ
ʵĲЩҲסɣһһ̾ ҲЩͻϷӹǶƳ 
ΪʲôҪԼӽͣŪԼ±ץһ鲻ѣʵϣеԩ
ѸоֵĶƽ͵Ƶ󣬳ɣԼĶӣ ʶ£
ҵıԶͦıֱģһ ǵģ磬ʻػȥ𣿡
̫ѨһŶˣҪдǰЩǣһɶˡ
Ҫֻֻ֣ܹ̫ˣڨЦһ£̫ۣ ȻҪȥϾǳ 
̫һƬƽȥıӰͷ
ĻʺĻʼ˳࣬ĿΪʲô̫ôˣ
˶˵̫ǲŭǱˣ
⻰˵ģ˵ǻĺƽ̩񰲣ûҲпͣûпҲСȣˣҲȥӼƽˣҲһӣýɽҪҡ
һ뵽ҹҲͣãʱûζǿ˵ţƤɣĦ˼£ַˡ
 £Ҫڼݻع𣿡 ߵС̫ԻԹɫ
   ôõ̫Ż㣬ʺС˯ڿϣɣıСߡ
ͣĲá
ϵľ磬ȥĺˡ



Ȼ˯ЩɣΪѵĻϵۣԺΪ󣬺ɫ׹سӺݴɣһǷվͭǰŹŮ°ڣ˷ɫƺǹڰ˵㣬üϵľԵЩɫ
ȥʱҲ֪ǵ˶ãɨϯϵˣƣȱǺòӣһ䣬Ѳѽֺ˲ɣÿ귪쳯һ߰겻
ջߣϹŵĴָЦ˵  н
Ǹ̫Ӻĵ 岻ʡ
ҡҡͷɣϯϵ輧ȤȱȱĿȴһƮڴǴŮϣ۾һ󣬲΢ü Ҷλǧɣ
΢ף  
ݹϳȺݺݺǣǧŮòģҪμʲҪԭ򰡡
 ﲻȺƶ  ̽ĿԼĻʶ
ͷ治װǰЩӴǰԼŮĻһѶѵ͵ϣѹϹͷ͵ϱ
ǲŻģǹﻭʦղãֻǡ
ˣǵûŮĻһȭͿ԰̵ͼƣǻŴŻϽĴ룬ôҲӣҲߴﵽ۽Ǵء
ӱ޵ĴϽʣ˼ҾһŮɣֻһɣûͶ̥תɣ
ĲҪһԼӻ׳ϱ
ۼΪʵϱҪɣתžƱĿͣͣͣźֵߡ
 ʶżСȻһ㣬˵ĲɳڲŻ磬ԺɪЩʫƪҲһ׮ 
ƺЦ лʹģ 
ЧɣҲЩ˿ھƣĻ˸Ʊݣ輧һϣ̨µĴ඼ĵˣμҾԣҲֻܱΣĿбӡ
λҲǴ˽ĿģʵеıݶǾؼ飬ΣտԣɣҲʲôݣװ֪ڵᡣ
轣ǺⰡ䵲סǷ졣
̨µĽʦǰһѽĸһǸۻ軨
ʯϵӰˡ
ӰңڣȻ䣬֣һ
ɣžƱᣬЩӳҲңԶ ͵ر˵ͷײ߽ǣʹһѣ
 ʡ ̴
ԭĳһ˵·ҽӦǽʦѹ̫Ѩ˼£ɣһϵˣ Ҷûˡ
ͷһأȻѪ
ůҺֵδδ»
ԴһСЩѪԴһƫʵ۱ԴһҲ˳˹ȥ



̽˳ҵļιǣҵƲҽһæµҲȶˣҡɴº˵˿ѾˣѪζóɣԾʡ
ü˼ѹҩŴϻ˯ŵˡ
һαӵʱԼҲֻǸС꣬δ̰öÿսʾ֭뷨ӳκЩͬıֵȥ棬ļǿǰںڣûʱ
ʺ˹ɫˮĺӣëʺľǱѩһĨɺ캮÷Ƣ԰ɹСĸζ̵÷ģϧǸƵƷǸζ̰ŹҰӺǾôõĻʺǽӲǰѶĺ÷˸ɱ÷ɡ
ʺ󶼵ٲӣܽСʮ𼱵ĴϢ˵ʺѲǱסˣȵʱʧǵĴӹϻعվǳһ
ʺѲʧѪ࣬ҽǧϲεһ
СڴױһӤʱ򣬳ɣﵱһûУ˱ӶѪζǿѹθĶĸУ˻ʺ֡
ʺ꣬ܵܰᣬһĵġ
 ¡أ ˿һϸ΢ִţ أ
˲ЩίʺĵľȻǷ糾͸ķ۶֪ȥСƨ
 ͷ  滺͵˵ŻʺšüĿȻķôĻʺ۽ǾȻϸˣõôػأ  ͦţҽκģйڣ㲻µ 
ʺţָ׾ɣֱϣ ¡úôӣ͵ˡûʲô ñ۸ӣ һҪ
ɣˣ۵ģƼֱ벢ʼðİ¿͵ˣ ֪ˡʺġԷˣġĺʹ 
һ̫๬ŮҽҲĨᣬһҼ֤ۺȽĸ顪Ȼʵ۱۸ѪصǲҴء
ɣǸʱûһΪ˸ԾУӤ˿ֻǿ֣ȹ̫˴ûĻʺ󣬶˸޹̫ӣ붼ԼԿĳɣҹ˾ʱڱ̰үǲڷ㻹ǵ̴
ĪĵֱɣʮʱŽʧŬֲʱȴС̫ӺѾˡ
ǵóʱѾһС˵ģģžӶ׵ˮԴӲİС˱ŵֱûһˣðɣΪΣ̵ġ
㱻ʱţС̫ӻһȱȱ䵭ĳɣ  
ʱֱΣѩһεȤ
عĿݣǸЦĵСڵĳѾ࣬ӢЩҰԵǲȥˡ
ɢҩԽɢȥۣʵ۱»Ȳ裬ڴߵϡ
 ˣ ָѳҶʪͷ˵ ˿ڻʹ𣿡
 Щˣ 
ʶ  һ ˺ȻûŮͿɿҲͦģ˵ǲǣ 
Ƥһ飬ĿͶϣɣľˣҲֻ̾˿˵ ʶǺαأ ʵ취 
ѪɫȫޣȴǼɣ Ѹٵİ취 
 Ų豭ĲҶòǲ˲һ̧˵ ǣ㣬ɼһʱ 
ҵ һ̫꣬ʱ򷪹һֱǻϣʱóȻ 
ɣһǣһóȻ£޻ֺֿݣڳѺ̲׼ͷš
ƶ˵ֱָۣƵɣЩʱͣ ˡ 
и̫ӣԺҲиûʵۣԱ˺ݣԼݣȻ׵ҵĹ˱˵ķΧӦ˻ʺ󲻻۸ңôֻһӣϣЩǶСҲһδѹ
һ̫Ӿ͹ܵˣΰ
εķ豭ɣҲ˵ĳ ҶֻһӣȻϣƽƽף
ƽڴϣǧ꺮̶Ű  
㲻ףɣ̾ףôϸ¶ڵ⽣Ӱµأ
 ԭͿˣҪΪЩԲ塭ʶ㲻Ϊ룬ҲҪΪԺ̫밡  ˣϣӱôöȻʽ΢ɵӻڵģһ񷴶˱˵
˲£Ҳգɤӣĳ ˣӻĲ 
治١Ҳõžۺ֮㰮ôôʲô״Ҳġ
ᳶһ۽ǣ ֵ׳꣬Ե 
ǰ˵±һĺڻ˵Щˣòпʱⶫ棺 Щˣ˾;ˣЩҲЩģԹҲźʱСﱧ 
̫ӵɫƺǸ˵㣬ܸӡ
ȻվַԸҽ䣬ڼݻعˡ
ǰһ£ǳ͢سű߽ȨȻСӵȷ座Щʤ书ˣԺΪҶһǹҲǲ
˼ˣɣһȵϣһ̲סѬ΢Ц



ɣǲϲСֻǺгһһˮƽȥϲ󱲣٣ֶ֧ȴܶ࣬һǽҵıֵҲ檳Ⱥӳɶѣ粻꣬ȥӣ˼ֵĸӰ¾ƣȴں磬ʵֶʰ
˵䲻ģǵƺ̵ĻԶԶ¡ȣúᵱ£Ҳա
̫ˣսţıǲԼ۰Сֶ
ҲԼƫģ⺢ƯСƵģƫƫԴȱʮ˻һ쵽ͿͿģֺޡ
СųСֶſڳӱߵİϣһӶɣ̲סЦ⺢ӹǰĻָˣһ𾢡
 ƣɵˣӶճأ 
ɾһԸĺȴʵģܺζˣĺӳлϥ¾Ի١
ˮմͣƨƨߵĴյߣֺõ죺 С壬ҲȥʲôԵģ 
ɣСЦ Ƕ㸸ʲôģ
ǰ۵Ŀˮ壬ʵԹԵ૵ ҪҶģȻȥ̫̽ӸĲ 
ɵӣ̫ӸæŸ˶ǣ㻹ȥΪ
ɣùŮϱˮ͵ģ۵СԵĻԼҲ̲ס
վвڣֻЩСǻ׵ĳɾ͸Уƫͷһһ£ŴԼֱ֡
 ǶÿµϹҲǰ취˵˵Ժʲô
ƫͷ˺ܾã˵ ˵д綥أֻҪóԺñ¾ͳ 
 Щͬ絽׵ʱʲô̬˵ⷬġ
ǵ͵Ĳ䲻УϸƤСצץȵСӣ⹬ﻹûʲôʺģһɣɸֵӷ֣ û㰲λãúȥѧţջεˣѾȥ߽Ӿˣ ô̫ܲ 
ĲǷʲƫĵϣ΢㣬ô̫ʼ˵
  ֲԸ棺 ̫Ӹܵġ
ǰʮͿʼƹܻҲˡ
˵ܲٲܲپ͵ûһᣬС̫棺 £̫ 
ףⲡ˵࣬ԾˣҪΧܣɣ  
ȻɫԲҲ̫˵ƣһ̫ӳĴͥﻺ
ĴôһӾ붬أ
̫Ŀɨ˶Ҹоһӣ䵨޲һͷڻʵ۱µСҰ޵һ
һŹŮϵĲβ裬ĿɨɣԴͷվŵϣĿ棬ƾһ˫۾Ϳ԰˹ⶼ޸ɾ
ɣ ʶãЩĸǶڻһλãһģҲ˿ 
ӵ̧ͷ˿ɽ̫ӣˮﵽɣϡ
̫ɫ΢ףȻ ʣ޿λ  ͳöɤȲҲʧ֮ϣһ̵ ûУ̲иͲ֪ǵܿϲȥ 
һ飬Աߺɪɪŵļӹӵ̫๬ŮǣϵĺһƬ죬ǸΪѵĺ
ߵ˶ǿͰҧۣ̲
д˵̲һǵսľ޲ûӺƲϵ
̲ǲá
ֻ̲ЩϿ
ָŲ豭߻ţһ̫Ŀ˵ ˼ܸǶ飬Ҳǲ 
̫һߣ۽˵Ц⡣



̫һߣ۽˵Ц⡣
ֶԺͿȥ̲ŪѲƤ֣̲ʺʼСһˮ͸Լ
ǵôһ£һĹԱ˷ȴҪӦУֻܿıˣɼֶοɲһ
̯˾ǶҪġ
 ϣҡô޶۵ȥ̲µ 
̫ӵЦ ǵܣͷ˿ţֻѧͺ 뵣ġ
ʧǵˣ۸˵СãµԹ
 ʣǰʱѺƤܹ˼Ƥ  Ҳûµ˼ʾŵ̫Ƥóڽϵݵɣǰ һϲԾѡ˿ʽϲ𣿡
İ׺ãԼԼǰ˵ҪʱڶҲûϣ׵ĺ걾ټСҽƻֻѡҸǿëƤǸǼѣʹҼ˵ҲҪѲ
˼£ᱡůָͣмãʽҲϲġ
 ֻϧ֮ǰһֱӵĺƤ  Цڵۺߵı ҵҲԴ 
ԶԴֺûϲղ򱻴ŶıŭҲˣֻܽΪӶصֲǰĹҲƽˡ
׺ôϣ֪ǲ͵ԵʣڵһЩ׵ĹǰĻ䣬ˣ˵ԣļǵõһԼǰʱһȥģʱȥĻһֱǣƽʱڻʹװ˾Сһ̤Գ͸޻һĿŵ׺һҪ仢һ˵Ҫӥ
Ǹն˵ҪӥĶ磬ϧԸΥֻ䵽һֻ˽ŵСȸȻ⻰ʱûпЦЦǼܲصûˮ׼£ΪȻм
ʵиò˵ԭΪԼʱֺŵĴЦ
㲻ʴϻۣҲޱ黭ӽʲôĸѧһĶѧˣǿֻ䵽СȸҰѼǾûġ
ʱıСȵڸͷϣȻ壬ΪʱһѶȡ
̤ɭûһǵߣȸѼӣֻС÷¹
µں𣺡 £ 
ڰߵС¹ɫƤëͷϹżСٹʱͿԳˣС¹ĶţΪټԵʣʱʱĵͷ
ƼС¹ϾһˮֿɰۣﻹȥṭüһƬˣ壺 壬ǻһ 
 £Ϊ˾˵ӣԺԵǧ޷̸֣£ һ˵ţӺְסС֣ľżһţοŵĸΣ֪Ϊʲôôĵ֣Ȼȵ
С÷¹Ĵаˮϲӣֲ壬һʱͻ 壬ҪҪɱ
ĻĴСʵ۵Ķߣĳ̵ ɣǰǵˡѡʲôأ
ƽȵ޵Ųɣ˿ãڻշԵ䴩С¹ͷ׼ȷ˵ǴС¹۾˽ȥѪ๾ðܵ۲ݶȾˣζһ󷢻衣
֪ʵǲܿ޵ģҪôҲرС
ôõ̲סʹ䴩һ»ûнĻȫĻ˵Ǿǲ˿µʱӡ
 ʱǰɶôѪȵĹѪĺ֢ҲǺˡ
׺ãôҲǧ׺ŹӣϿ湻ġ
 ʣ㲻ϲ𣿡 ̫ӷ·ע⵽ĲɣʱҲЩʧĿԼ ʽ𣿶ȥ޸ġ
ҡҡͷֻǶָʾ̫ӹ߽ʰԷ֣ڰ׺Ƥϣָĥһ£ȻʺϴԵ֣ʵŶйɽɱУҵŹڵϣҲڶĹŮһգ㽫ɣָĽ  



ЦһֻĶӶͷ ʶˣ˺ϲ  ˶٣ƫͷ˵ ʶ͵ĶȻϲ 
̫һѹȸеӹڵϣ˾ðĹɣСһ¶Ц⣬ţ˾ηҰĺʲô£ʲôǣ׾ٵľͿԱȵ¡е˵ʵҪʲôģֻ򵥵֣Ѿúˣ˼Ҷ˵ҹ鱡壬ôǹԻȥġ
ͷ̧̧ͷͫɫīһİ³ţסƽյİ壬⵴ī΢ȵֱϲ˲䣬ȫȻĴҰޡ
ֻСϻĺӣأ
һΪۣȴδйΪֻʷǵıʸӱ̫ݶʷһ̫ͳˣй޹еģ˿֮⣬žǻˡ
ףһú˼ǵסеĻʵۿѣû뷨ȴС
 ʣЩ˲٣ȥɽׯӣ𣿡
ôԼˣ ˵˯һ㵹Ҳ֣˸Ƿɺ
 ҲãԼȥˣûãǲ뿪ʱ 
ӣ֪æϸҲͲˣϹͷȥȪɣ㵶⽣Ӱ˰ɡ
ȥɽȪļƻˡ
ɣЩίõԭʵܼ򵥣̫ĴҪ
ãʦصǻʼҵĴͳȣͷȵĩȵձⶼŷ΢ˣ̫û
 £Ϊ̫Ѹߣòг̡
 û£˼ ܴȵϣǰ񴮻ζţڸס鴤۽ǣ Ժ̫˼Ҳο 
ףĳԪϣ൨ģѧ峵ңܳ١
Ĺע£̫վڴſڼʵ۱һ󣬾ΪԼ̫ʯ׵罻ӵʱ̫΢΢ģ΢΢˹
Ƥֱæ˵ Ҷȥ̫ 
˼ƤһɱѾɶˣ۾Ϭģ ϳҪ߹ȥ 
ɣ̾ʦǧĽǵε
̫Ȼûε׼ʽ£ͭһţ ʡ꣬꣬꣡ 
ŵǸŵ˼ң鸡վ˿Ĵ
ţǵöʮǰ̫˿ˣ˿೤ҾòϢ񻹳ɹ̫ſʮǰǲ֪ߵغС̫꣬ѾʮĴˡ
ʮѾˣ̫ôǸ
˼뵽ůϲβ裬СŮһֱΪ̫˳˼ҲŻƤһЩʣųɣ͵ģ ãá£һգۣ¶ôˣáϳΪһҲûл 
˵˵ţ̫Ȼݺæο ̫ôãٻʮҲⰡʱֿԿ˵ӳ 
ͣ˽ǵ̬ˣοȻҲȭȭġ
 °ϳѾʱ޶ˡ ̫Ըŵĵˮڳݲ૵
ûǴĻʮǰ̫Ѿʱʱչߣ룬뻹أʶ
 £ϳвò˵° ̫ӶĿŻʵֱۣҪʣ £̫ӵǷ֮ 

ڰ

 £ϳвò˵° ̫ӶĿŻʵֱۣҪʣ £̫ӵǷ֮ 
ǰ٣˾üʮ꣬ȴʲôЦ ̫͸ 
̫ ǵ£ߣ̫նݳ ô̫ӵ£ǳ˲أԿĿ 
˵ļˣ̫ͿΧ̵һæµֹס˼ҵĿԣɣԼۣƽƽЦ Щ˶֪ģ̫͢ϵһɼȫ֧ͬͱ˱ųıɣʿӵڶܷ࣬ݺҲֻ˰£ɹȻǧţɣ˵޷ɻڴǹҲڽ 
 ¼Ȼ֪Ӧֹ̫Ӱ 
ůĴ⣬ƼɲøĻǰ죬ҽôõ̸Щ˾£ ̫Ϊ˸ĸģвŮõġ ֪˵Ƣԣöɱǹصس֮ɼȻô־򣬹Ҳ̲סȥΪЩʲô 
ָ̫֪ǲΪ ¡
 ǰḡ̰棬ûкúôʺҶСʱҲûģΪڣΪ̫ǰ˵ߣңҶһ˵ľãȥ˵ľ
ԣݺһΡ
ȻҲϣ˱ڵ̫ôԺһ̣λδͷͱӰңټ٣ܱ档
ԣǾȥɽׯȪˡ
̫֪ԼĻ𲻵ˣ̫ӰԵΪвɣ׵úܣֻǵ ҶĲڹ֮ϣжˣ˻ʲôģ Ժİ꽭ɽ˽ܰ 
òˣԡʲôʱȥȪƤӰϷ
Ǹѵõĺϧǡ˭˵ΪͿΪΪôȴ˯ĻᶼûУÿîʱϳˣǣиͷ
ƽȵʻ·ϣǻƺŴ⡣
ڳ˸ǷָһһƬǾǵĴ֡
ûȻΪ֮ȴΪȥȪʱ䶼ûУ˵ԴȻֱָǿ黹ɽ
ֵĳ𱲷֣ȻֶӱȻǲܰһʮ󸹱˼ҿԼֶӣ̫ɱˡ
̫ӼȻҪҲֻܳųˣν븸ӱ˼ˣǶôϣԼܿ׳ǽѰ
ͣס ү 
³ʱһ˫ֹ¿䣬ָӲʣһںºǻˣ˳һԭ̲
ɣЩ

⣺ϼ

ǻʵ۱µٳȻľ׼úΪ׵Сʵҹж֣Ͼĺʵ̫ˡ
СʵۺܲȵϣŽţۣЩǰףٵĳǣˮֺڵƮֻεӲǶͬ档
һߵŲ裬ǻʵʵҲСңˡס
СҡȣСʵҧ촽͵͵һߵ̫ ĸ󣬹ȥ桭
̫ΣգֽԶȫûаӰֻǶķ飬ţʢλСʵ۵ۣ ٵһ 
Сʵֻĳ˿ӷйŮ˵һкĶѲƭ˵ģ
ڳǴżҾǰٵʱƼѾõͬˣЩСɰ۵ģͳˮһͱСȫȻƹˣһһСʵģ͸Сһ
 ԭҵСС㣬һǴϻۡ  ̫׻û˵꣬ЦݾͲɵһԭСʵ۴ǰȥһ˼ССϡ
СʧĿͬʧĸףΧ˶ԼʱٿǸˡ
ɫСۣϾϣСʵǺЦü䣬죬ͯǵݺأ £˻ḺģѾСˣ˺ءףϺŶǲ˹𻨸ô
ȫžţһֵʦҲͣڹպ΢΢鴤
ֹסŮҪ޵죺 
ڿڣ £ŮܶϷأ´ɹꡭȱ³˵ 
СʵĹĵĿȥ͸ƺ Ѿܴˣ 
ּʵۼ
̫ԲСＸʹ˶ٰѻʵ۱Ȱϣ䵭ɨ͵Сʵۣ䲻ȵһ䣺 £΢֪ԭѾ󵽿̸ۼ޵ 
ʾһԼϵСǱ˵ƸȥˣӲ˵ ѡмǿĺΰġ꣡ ַܳܵˣ 
Сޣص޹ʱѾ˯ˣպȻףɣһѣƤճһҲˣ̧ͷ壬ɵ 塪ˣ 
ЦЦƺԴ׺Ȥ ǰ£  һͣ٣ַƵĵ ¶ѾСˣһЩģ΢ 
ĺܰ׺ʵˢľͺˣСʵץ䣬н  ˲꣡˽갡Щ԰ˡ
ʵԽеĳŲϷ֣ ˯ȻȻ˾͡͡
ۣƵϳѧ˵ ͡
׾һСʵԽûƣĸ޻һ˵ ͡ϳ͡Ҫң  ƺЩһİˣ Ҫϳ͵ģ 
̾һ˹ŮǣѾίҪСʵ۱ţ ˣ㣬ˣòã
һŵĻʵˣǰŤŤؿ°ϵΣ͵˼£ ˿ûŶ 
̲ס˸ۣ³ɣϷصоС˶һ߱Żһ£ ӣôЩԲԣ 
ǣʲô£ԡȷſ𣿻Ǳ봩Щ˯
ֻʣһ£СʵĹů͵ıű˼£СһŲˡ
 £ͷ 
û
óʮģ £Ѿ 
 ˲ŲΪ  ز㣬һ󣬲̽ŷĶ̽ͷ û
 ôĻ𣿡
˱֤ŵ˯ˣŵ˯£Ǳ߿˿СʵۺȻ쿪ſڴ˵ 壬ùһòð
ȫͽӲŻе̨ʡ
ۣҲû۵˵ ȻСˣ΢⡮Ρ» 
ûݣСʵɫ㣬ǻӲŤŲȥ͵˸㣬͵ŷеӲʧ˵ 壬ϺŶ 
 󣬶֪ŷ춼ʲôûлش𣬼˯
 Ϊʲôûиأ Сʵۺܲļʣ ˶У˵ʲôΪʲôûиأ
۾ڶĿϷƺ˺ܾ֮ǰ£΢΢Ҳ Ϊ㸸ȥ˺Զĵط 
ףȥé𣿡 ˽ĵͷʵидĵ һȥéĺܹµİǸ𣿡
ȫ֪ΪʲôὫԶĵطͬéļҳЩСʵ۵ı ţ 
øˣ ףˣŶ 
ЦúΣ £˯ˣҪ糯΢ҲҪϳʵڻ 
ܴ󣬰˵˯Ӧòʵϳû˯ãͱһ˳ˣӦ˯һߵСˣһ ɣ
ԭ֪ʲôʱ򣬳ɣѾ˵ϣ˯ðȣӣҧָˮ
Ůͼ߲ߵĳţ²ѵġ
СʵֱֱۣȦ˯
ûãִ˯о˹
֪ʲôʱ򣬻ʵ۱ſĶϣСһɣˮѾϣԼ񾭽ĿˣСʵ۴ԼƤñӾ˸ʵֻ¶ССԴ
ڳѹʱķԭСʵſĶϣָ˯ల
ִŵľ񡭡ҲǵһŵɣˣֱӾСʵſ˯һ
գдǷ㲣ʱҰ۷׷ף̫ҽԺװٴС

ھ

ɣЩ
ᣬƺҲֻжʮ;ܵ飬ɼ˵Ļ
ңʵڻˮõĶûֿգǾԳĵϾʾޣ޳üĿĿ òϣֻ˾
һصĺۣƤƺûмİףտĵǳʱؼѪ֣أһ˫ĿƲȶȣӲ䣬Щ彩Ӳеһƴ
˵һ׺ֶΣû󲻳İӣҲûʲ£ӲˣϣҲֻйԹķݡ
̲ǳĵΣݣȡУǱֵ̲£Ѿʬ޴˰ɡ
ɣֻ֣΢˽ãһдӼҲһѰүĴ磬Ŀ
̤޽йݣɣһ·ƣʵ˶㣬ȪɣҲֻͣȫ̤ˡ
й޵ĵǺΰɣüۿԽʡΪһ֮Ѷã칬󣬵Ҳûдģɣһй¡
岽һ¥ʮһͤ󣬲Ļ洦ɼϸĵΣͨģʯݣںͣסԶ׼õߵЦ ݰ䰡ǻܡ
վһԣͫҲǵͳŭ⣺ £ĵשǽ߽Ǻ⹱Ʒԭֻ׼ʹãܱߵƵǷʹõģĿŵھȦؽй٣칬ݻΥƣӽ£ݷ 
䣬۾ʹ 
̾ţʵƵйγľ޽ģγûʲôϵڻе෴ʱūлӶλЩȻҲԴöȶŵ
ڳ̫ӵĿθˣ㲻Ҳù£֮ˣүﻹ
ƹ̲ж࣬й뾩ҲԶô֪ܲȦص£ֻǲ˵ˣî׼ʯأͻ˽ãû֪ͨ˵ѾԴգţŲ˶಻ð
ʮĳһŴ󼦵Ŀٶ۵شӲϹ ¡С֪ˡﰡ 
˵˽ãҪ֪ôɣɣЦ˼£ɵ ûţֻ˵㲡ˣѣôʲôֲ 
棬ӵģȥ裬ųѾ̬ӵĲݣɸп̫˱Ƽˣ͹ĸˣһӱɻƻˡ
п죬̫̽ҽǴ̲ɷ񰡡
Ŀ쬵ڳϻ˼£Ա촽ƺһ£ձһ͹ڵϣ СһٸӣһǧҲҡҲ治£бΣҪΪС
ӣͷ̧֣ ˶˵ѣˣɣҲӵذ 
ϥȴڵذѿˣߵף £Сû£һݺңСԱ֮ؿɼ
𣬱˵Ĺ˸Ƶģɣ﷢Цϻǲ̲ı飬߸ϵ̬ ε£̲Ի࣬£˭ҲԩͷϣôԹ˵ݰôûģ
 ôᡪһЦ ˶֪ݴ˸СȻȻ 
²豭Ūĺ񣬺¶ˣϳβĵ Ԩ㣬ɲóʧ 
ֱӽг֣ʾ׽óף㲻Ҳǲɣʵ۶ţƻ˶ɰ
ƺǶסˣŴΪղһԨִ ǣʹ˰ 
һĨĶ߿ɰֽϣһ㵴
ˣƼƽݣҲֻεһ£ƽ˾үͥµ˷ղǵ޴ǧѼۣССĶһ¡
һƣǳ۾ˣֱֱĶſﻹţǾͷݴ 
ⶼڹײˣɫĲģ۳˳á

ʮ

ⶼڹײˣɫĲģ۳˳á
͸СĳԵһ˾öģĳӣôԱͷðɣҳ̬ˡ
ڳڵòû˵ĶЦЩҿЦڴŷǰɷˣȻֻǱѣƷȻ£һˣֻҪǸ߶ȰǶ˭ȥð㡣
治֪ɣ˿ֺͳҳһһֱɫð麹ʱ򣬲ȥ˼ȥһ³ֱۣЦ̵Ļ𣺡 赹治ô˽أǿɲðڹﻹȲôء 
Ÿص৵һϺˡ
첽߳ԷɫѵóһȻôع
ͣת꣬ϡ
űƵȫŤֻÿʣ £
Ц ݰ䣬֪ӭȥ㸮һأ
ɨߵı»漴΢һ̬ȣ »ᵢ»عʱ䣬ҳļʵǡ ˶٣ƺЩ΢Ŀգ ʵǲĿ
ɣȵĻӻ֣ ʲô¹˳㲻  һת ѵǽݲؽñƼ
Ĭˡ
ƽʱ˽񹲾ˣʵҲһ氡Ȥ ·˵ɲʶ; Ĳһ߻ŸղɬΪѵı飬һ̲סЦ
ϾˣЦپʹڸλԭΧƺҲûʲô˵Ļͬţе࣬ʯͷһĴڣû̲մ̫ߡ
ʻ˰ʱլǼǰ͸ģǰһĸۡ͸Ȼ
ϧɽˮĺõطûȲ˵⿴Ѫ˶˶౶ǲǵصĴ
Ŷԭ̲ķֲܽˡ
һ߽ͣ һסòôѾߣԾ˵㣬͵һᣬЩˮ 
˴ӲЩִٸУɣԼԼʲôʱˣݸͱ뺷乬ĵݣףƫƫüŨζԽƲۡ
һĸۡɵ 䣬Ҳˡ 
̲ط˵ģԹܵǺޣԹأŨʱʱԻɵ̵͢յְλһǻ飬ڶ̲飬һǮƣȴ۸Ĺλ
ԼﶼܰȣʱҪԷ⡣
ϣ߳ͬ·ӣ ǰЩӹҲ˵ˣ˻˵ĸͼ졭ЩҲǶԵģҲҪϸ㣬ЩĶģ
˵ǵɱ亮򴽵 лº񰮣ϵǵ˽ԭµϱһսģŵù 
Ŷǵǣ˽ǻʹĽͷͷóѵЩֺֿݵġ˵ӳȥ棬ÿζǵ˽ҵǻ磬ù̫أڶڲס
ǰ·泤۾ƵģŵĺٶȣϾȲ϶ʮˣȥ˳ӾͷĺܣȽҲᣬ԰ȣúɣ΢΢ͷֶⶢǿյ۵ϡ
ֽڿѬڵǺȻѹˡ
Ծֲʧϸ£ȵȣ˺ôԽԽء
ɫȻ ԶǱµĽ̻ ֡  ۴˴һҧ һֱһֱ 

ʮһ

ɫȻ ԶǱµĽ̻ ֡  ۴˴һҧ һֱһֱ 
΢ȣͷŲԱߵֿ꣬ңǰ鷨壬īȻҲƫǸζһûϳҲпԭɡ
ңⶼǶǰˣ
ѧ壬ƺǰˣʱǰԻɵݳǴһ֮𾪳ҰʮλԱɴñӢۣС
ڳ͢ˣٴˣⲻǣȾԸǴ͸ִŵۣȴòţǿų֮ģꡣ
 ֪㡪 ˣ˽ź  Ը˼䣬Ȼعɸҹع
ƻľϣһɫǱȲϹľºݣپҲʲôãڹÿֻܳڣζûƷҪһˣȤȫޡ
ȻЩнӺ;ͬԷǼܶسܲ״΢ЦǷƣɫЩƼڳĽë
ĳᡣ
ò˵ɫɲ͵Ķడ
 ̲Ԩ⺢Σ Ƶ̲סһ̾ ֱ˵޷ 
ͦű΢Ϊעɫľƣ໨ƱɫƯ   һƣЦЦ£ˡֱԣ̫´©ٳ̲ 
ûþˣܵ񻣻ҲãؼǳǻСãµˮˡ
ǻǱߣǶֲȥСǾ¶࣬Ҳֻܵţ ǺҴСģ㲻ϴϻۣúʱҲ˵Ƕء 
۽һƺֺˣƽͣ ǣ֪ԺĵġҲ 
 £˷ĵģ͵Ӹƽ  չü΢ЦʵǺγڰΪϿ˳ǣǰǶ磬жܺùˣƽǻŵģǷѻģ͢ˡ
ע£ֻе㲻鲻ԸģǾҪľȽѶȡ
˸ζɫӣ߱ǵˮˮĶץסˣ ʲôǱˮ顣 
ɫСŴ۵ĺ죬޵ʳָ󶯣˭ƫһʻɰĲɫׯ࣬㣬ˣŶ˾˼ꡣ
ƺЩ죬 ر£ܲԼġϲģղô 
ִ㵣ſȸղŵĳݣһʱ Լģ䵱ǡµóϵóð
޲˰ǵȥɣһ죬ţǲԸ Ӳȱȥ˿ĺܲԨ
͵˵ ţǳϼҴģΪԼɫЩŹ֡ñ¼Ц 
оȫĺܣٴеʵ̿ԶҳԹŴĵҲΪ˵ˣۼֿļһ͸ܲͽ
ʱʧֹδ ¡е㡪
չüͽȻһգмӲһ֣˲䱻ͻϮƬײᣬҲᰡζһ𣬳ᶼðˡ
ƽ̯ϣ΢ܰѿǹգƽǲĵͷﷹһ嵭ΪԹȵĶ
 £ȵˮϿȵˮ æҵվȴֻоˮˮ
ΪӣȻͷͺˮĶ굣εĿУŬİգգգȥţ˹źˮ
ף˵󾹾ͨ泩ڳݼ京һ㶼еζˣһڣ˻ԽˬĿڸżİſеˮ ⶫһԲߵģһʱ⡭£𣿡
ô᣿Լȫë׶˰ȫ͸ˬͷе̣΢ʾλ£ ˡû 
ϰдŲš
 óԣ˾Ͱζɫ죬飬Ŀڸдʹֶꡣ
 £Եɫθ  ŶԷĵ̷֮⣬Ȱ˵ Ҫ³ 
ǳɣѾܲһģˣҲܹʳҪ֪ڹδԵĹ˵ˣÿͶʮɫ࣬ƮģϴڵģˮģģôôŪ׷Ҫɫðɣⶼǹؼؼǡ
ǡԲ˲סļҷѾʹˡ
ƶʵ۸һΪû԰ֵԵʡ
һֱǵĿԼǰķһҲû
۾̸ϱҲʪأ  Ԩյܺð 
걻ɣЦȻȻĿһɨٿľ͵ͷɫӣ лл 
˹ĽܲԽԽоֱһĶʢ
 £عһҪ̫ҽƣһθ鷳 
䣬ǵ̫˰ںķӣҨһ һӲʣˣ㰡ź 
ǿ˼ڷˣζҲЩģ´δլӴ󣬾˼ζ˼ˣЦ˵ ⷿЩ 
 һסҲҪ̫ź ˶˷ 
 ȱ˸Ů˰ɣдʱ򣬶檳ȺŮϥˣɣ˸ ڵݣҲֻʼҵŮϰ ˵ıлмֹеģ㵹ɲŮò 
ƺǺ£Ǳ̧ͷüĿЩãȻֽȭϥϣ ΢䲻ϿҳĿǰûг׵Ĵ㣬º⳼ 
ҲǿȢǴ£ҲҪ˫źãֻΪǶѡ̫ѡýͷöۣƣǾƵýƵĻûֻ࣬ղǾ΢̲סü
 ԨǹεĳӣҲǴʳǰ;ˣٷˣ˲˵ 
治ɫֻǷϥͷϵȭԽսͦοĲ͢ʦһģ ǣ֪ 



Ϲװһöλ񸸻ʻ̫󡭡
ĺϲͼ

ʮ

θЩţͥ˼ϦʣҲõʱˣǾ׼ǰҹС
ߵ棬ɫ
΢ЦŶ֣ʾҲ
 £Ҫȥ
ζ㣬ֱӰѳӹȥ;ϽԹź̯˼Ѿѳȥ껨ʯ·ˣӵǰУֻפһʯǰ
޷ʱ͸֣ͬԨѡţȥ 
Ҳ˳ƺóɣԼ³ үҪȥ
   ΢Ц˼յˡ
ĬȻΪֻǹļƣҹ̫࣬жʮҲ˲ܷɾ衣
ΪʳҹУñʣ辰ܣ۽ʱƷӦоУĿбӣֱӳķȥ
ɻܿͽ⿪ˣϵİһƤӰϷӣʮŰʣҪˡ
ô֪кöģΪ֮ȻӦö˷
ֻӿ治̹˵ߵȥӣɵҲ˹ȥϷûпݣѾˡ
ӣ˵һǶûһᣬɣܱߵİЩٹһᣬԲ˹ɢ߹
̾ Ԩⲻ 
ƺòļɫӳ£ȻƯӲʯĻӱ³ ֪үǿϷĵط֪ 
ɫ棬ǳ棬浽봹ĵزˡ
䣬㲻Ȣ޻ܡҲǶԵġ
ڲϷͿˣʽ̨ϰǵĿڴĶ˿۾İ߾۽ǿɫĻϡ
λȻõģǡ
 ѡ ѧ￪ʼùԳƵͷᣬ˸䣬ŷ߷ߵ ˮͽɽ£˼ˣȥܸܲĳ 
ûһͨ ү˵ɽµλؼȥˣֻѾ 
Ѿ˲°ٱˣȻˣҲֻǿһˡ
Сϸµ̨ͤ¥󡢻ľڳѾٱʹΪʹʱҲ֮Ĩᣬǿһٱ鶼Բİ
 үү 䳺صڶߡ
ع񣬰ԭϷѾĻ˰ʧˡ
˰ϷǰǸˣʮģ򶨵ĿλŻĴˡ
 ˼ңΪʲôǳζأ ôĹ򣬾ϲ˲Σ䡣
ϰֲֵĵ ȳһΡ 
һ̧ɨЩк֪꣬ʶȤ˺һ
˿ɤųһΣҸоǳƮƮĳϰЦ ˼Ҿô
ϰĻҰͷڷƮ˼£ƽ͵ ƶ 
һתĺڽָűЩ侲 ˼ҿϸɱҰ 
˼ҵ ûǴλʮǰҲϷҲΣʱҲ˵䣬֪ӻǲǵã

ڨڨ ѣ˼ңʵλǼ 
ϰŶܿļ˵ 빫ת֣˵Ϸһ飬鲻Ȼֻڱ棬Ϸ ϷٺõĴʣҲ 



ûǺϴϲķ񡭡ʲôϸ嵥һȥɡζϲİ

ʮ

ϰŶܿļ˵ 빫ת֣˵Ϸһ飬鲻Ȼֻڱ棬Ϸ ϷٺõĴʣҲ 
ɶǺܴģѧô꣬þţƤĥƺöΡôͷ
ģҲ룬ǡ˭վ
ϷɢȥϷ˾æʰߣһƤӰɫľ˶߹ˣǿ°ͿǰϷæµ
æСӾίƤҪˣΪкˬͣķᣬŮǺݵ˼ˣСǴҴææȥǱ˸С
ƼǺӺͮͮҸҲ΢Ц
񰡡
⵽ɣȵĵǰѯʣ £ҪɫѾˡ 
Ҳʱعˣ̾˿Ȼ˼ҵĻͦ˵ģҲ޵ҲС
ܿԼҸ㣬οοǹҲģߣҹ˻ģСζӵĿģʢ꣺ Ԩáٹãطһʢأ
ţ©һ룬˼Ƭ̣ ꡣ 
Ц 㹻ʵˣЩ˵˵ĺǧʷϣǧ  УǶǧˡ
Իû˵Ļʳ
кͣһĨǲϲ˶ӵĵط  
Ҳûҹˣǰʱ򣬵ͱһЩѾԺģˣңԼס
ǸΪĸǸ߸һĺƽ軶ڣΪ˹Ǵǧ磬ｭɽӰǵַȻͳȻģֵʱһҹǿд˰ϵ·˾Ǹһɽ
ʱʮ꣬һ֪ԭֵУĸӣŮʲô£ʱʱڷ
ֻԶˣѡ
 ɣ㿴ǰʵˮ֮УΪȴɫ˼ȡҪôԵ棬СȻʣ
 ˡ  Щ²Ů¶ݻƸɿݵֱۣ𾪣ӡŮ˶ˮ۵ģ첲ưŴˣ ˡû뵽
 Ĵ䣬ټУģߣս׵ĶЩ˵Ǳ£ĽȴΪ 
ǧ¸ߵǰ޷ֱ׳
ҲģٳڹĻˡ
һȥζӳ£ܲζѹϼһ棬룬ʧˡ
 Ԩ㿴Щҵƻ𣬻İҲûʲôۣǿϧ 
Цݣɫѱ棬 ʲôģ¡ῴ̫ƽʢ 
Ϊӵײǰ귴ӳѸٵĻǰ棬߻Ҳȫ̬Χˮ©ġ
ӣȥЩմĻҳ̫ƽʢˣȥзҲ Ҳû취£ռһֿ֣Ӧû˱ʵôǾãԼλϣԶûйԲһ죬ÿ̤һģûоͷ飬ȻֽĻ˵ڵģڸȴ֪ġ
Ƿñӣǰ޹СԣЩѪһģβʹο
ҵǣ߻һڡ
Ҫͻǰ˵仰˭֪ӾǼȻƳ񳵣һûɲסţۿҪϣ˵ʱʱ죬һתסһΧͰѳɣ˰ȫĵط꽩Ӳţ ʧˣ 
ȺЩɢǾֵĿ̲鼸ǻӣҪǵвȻӿֵȺʹṦ˵ãһӶȥ
̻ǸӼҵĻԾ
ɣţҲʲôĵطȻݣҼǿģԼıòˣ鷿ľϸů͡
ԭ㵹ǹĶడ΢΢ͷ߲̻һ۵Ǻڵģӳźֵʹ⣬ˮջһ£ˮС
ûɿֵ˼΢΢ת˸򣬳һߣŻȥľǿ  £ǵô
̵ĶĽϣ棬ʴƮѰĴ˱ǵ֬ôԶľ뻹ŵĵ
磬ôܲǵð
ͷЦЦĳﻹмɬɬɫ ʱ˳ǵ𣿡
죬˵ ȻǵãֻܡԼ˵Ǻܺ 
ͷڷϣ˵Լ΢ʵⲻʵҲǻѻʵĸǼʷλȨأһˣȴ̰۳͢ɺӵ
һ͵ϵĺӵȻסˮһӰʧ˰򣬵ʱΪŭ׷Ϊ̰ȻҪͷصġ
Ʋȫ乫Ůū
ʷΨһĶӡ
ʱڽżȻ⺢ڴм䱻ȫ𣬴Ȳ֪ôĶŧˣԺԱ߾Сݹݣ׷ļ󺺾͵ֿʼˣС겻ʮҵ߲ͣԵҧ죬ǲϻȥ
һŻɾССͣüƯĺܣ佫ķ绪ģ˫ȼ۾
ôô޵ĻͫɫһƬԭ
 ޵Ķ  һĶ°;棺 ô䵽ֵزˣ˽Ҫ 
ѹ֣е졣
 ɢҲǱӦ 



оδ¶̫ӣסˡˡһ͸ˡ

ʮ

 ɢҲǱӦ 
ֻСЦ޳һѪˮηضż뺷ˣ ǲýӿ͵ 
һ˵ Сĺܱ 
һԣŽյøӵң
һԸ Ǻ 
ȻǱӦ⺢ϣƺЩĲ̡
ǵǰʷϲͬżԼδϻۣһҲûС걻ϴɾൽǰԽ忡£ֻȫĵԼǰˡ
ˣЦʣ ͷ֮Ϳ԰ǵطƽˣôͿܲ 
һｵ¶ȣӲ ūˣЩʲô
 ô˵㿴رֽ߽ūҲһ࡭Ϊʥ֮ûУ
һЦҲӻ磺 Ҫˣʱ򡭡
ƹǣһ䡣
ſԱСһֻȫëèҪ˳ŸУƫƫϲ⺢Ļ𣬱䵭ţ ߰ɣȱ 
粻ͬߵ ôǮ˷
ɲԱ˵Ĺ⣬ֳ°ͿȫȻĸ̬ ߲õˣֻᵱƿȥˣ㲻˳ֶѣߣ㻹Զ 
ͫĻȼСһȻ⣬ԣȼɣհɣ⺢Ӷ־Ĳ
 ҲŲϡߣ СתߣˮҲֻŤͷĿ۾˼
СһǳһŵˣһȣðŶëѩʧڷѩ
 ȥ˰ūˣҸ㶥˾ͳ  Ըȥǻʵһ˭˵ԡ
Ҳ͵ΪֹˣҲûйģʱĿȥĸ죬ֹ꣬һĿƿ״ԪʥʱڽǵϣȺ½ʿ￴˫۾
ȻлȼţŲ𣬾ǳ˵ĶëѩõľãԼ۹ԭ֮ãȻǳ
йɺĪԺУе񿴵ԼµӳѿƵġ
˵ļĺûᵱ꣬ҲŲ˵ֻǼܻм־ִٺɬȻǿƵСʱĲԵ޴룬Լ˵ܺá
 һֱ֪ܽūˣһǳȨһֱһֱߵĸһ㣬ҵ 
У겢͵ڶߣģݵЦǰ䣬ҵ𣿡
һ㶣Ȼݺݵصͷ
 ҵˡ 
 ˸һᣬɹҲܶ˻ᣬץŵ˲࣬ߵⲽ˺Ϊ㿪ģûùʧ 
ֱӵĿ϶ŴſЦţ̻ˣȺҲûôӵſֺ˫ֶе㲻֪ʱѾΧ
 £ˣԻع𣿡 ԼСĸο챬ˡ
ɣһɫģǰף ţع 
ûӵȺͱֿˣʱӵҹкȻžꤵĳ·ǰӣڵķıżλ彣Ľʿϳˣͷ־̣̫Ѩͻͻ͡
ɫۣ˲ӵĺݣŭ
΢΢Ц಻ٵЦݣסÿǻȡ
 ʣع 
ֱ߰չ˺ѹѹһƬû˸̧ͷ̫ӻ֣΢Σƺɻˣצš
ͷһֻóǰ˼ִϳҵģ



ϴ˯ĸʡȻݺ۸ᱼ̣

ʮ

ͷһֻóǰ˼ִϳҵģ
ֱվһȺ򵹵İռ䣬ԽĶ忡̫ƺһ󣬲ų񣺡 ̫ 
Բ̬ȣԳƲ硣
ɣڳڷҡͷ䰡飬̫Ｄˮġ
Ƥ䣬ٸֱֱĿо³̬޶Զһʶȵ Ҳظˣⲻôĵط 
ֿٶ㺧˵꣬һһȴˣͦ絶΢  »˼־裬ʳѲһ˵ô˭ 
  
ڵľͲͷˣָͷһڱ΢΢һã͸˳ȥ Ҷع 
̫Цһʾ⻤ݡ
һĵ㿪ʼ񣬽һ컹ԪعҪúòУóҲ˳˵仰γŵϣž˯
˯˵רʲôֵġ
ȻԼоӴһ߾۽ߣЩ̣Щˣϧ̲ʹǻ˸̹ƣú
ͷһ׺죬৵ıſۡ
ƽǰţ˿ Ҷͷʲôˣ
ΣƣȫûһɵĴ㣬΢Уȵ ˣϵûع赣 
գգ˯ۣҲȵ Ҳûʲôţôҳˣ
״ĿһԽҪסƤ
 ģȻҪ 
ֱ׳ôƤ˶ ТĿɼΣТĿɼΡҶ
ϢЩǳǳϢʹӱǼ˳Ҳû˸ղͷɱͷ ʣ
 °꣬Ҫϻ 
ϢԶЩƺ ǣкʵѡ𣿡
 һֱ  ݹ۳дСԱְܵλģĪ
üһ٣չ΢Ц ãȻ˲ţϧ̫ᣬֻסҡ  ƹͨλ󳼶иˣ̲ 
ƹͨ⵹Ӳˣ΢΢գ߷һ֮ҪҷԴǡȽġ
 ٶĥ꣬ǵ  ˯ȥ֣ ο⳯˭  
Һڳᶨ ɽ˲ų˲֮ʿڶ࣬Ҳ 
ԶˮĽ˽ʣοҲȴе˽ڣȻµĺʱ̲סƫ̻ţ ʤģǧһƬģοڳ͢ԴҲǻ£һҲ 
 ǣȷԸĵĺ 
䣬̲סüпϣ֪ôģ˾ñŤ̹Ƶġ
ƼԼߴȵĶӣҡҡͷ
Ǵû͸ҵģ͸С⺢ߵĶѰ·ԭ˥Ѳȥˡ
䣬ƺԽԽˣ˽УҸղǾ仰һ²ģ ӱڹ ΪգΪ ʶء
 ˵ 
΢ĿаС
޹ʱѾʼˣưô¹ľ͹ƶԵģɣҲһʱ
ҵТ˳ź۲׼ˡ
ݵŹ羪׵ģԳҵ ͱĻˣ˯ ̫ˣž͵ġ
ȻֹסŲͷʱüƺŵģⶳһЦߣº;üңȫȻǸղڽϴ̫ӡ
ûûôʣǴʱԼӣ˽⵽ʵĺԢ⡣
 ʣⲻư 
˵һתûҪߵ˼ˣûУĿϴתЦⶼԱˣ ʣ



ʣˣ
ɹҪˡ
̫һ˳ȥ
һŭ𣬸ʣ
ɹ˻

ʮ

˵һתûҪߵ˼ˣûУĿϴתЦⶼԱˣ ʣ
ɣͷ ͬҲûʲôϲϹصģҲûкúĹ  
ڹŮķ껻³㴩Ҳǿõ糤ȵĽʶǧɵĻȣȰԵսѵġ
ƫԴ룬ʵǶ֣ĸʣʵĸʡûһٵģÿݱʱֵ׳꣬п
Ҷǿ϶ǿԻĺܳõġ
ԼְֵɫѪϣʶİȥɲǵļȻֻعƽ
գǧҲûʲôõģˣαؿգ
󣬾ٱ뺷Ҳûϵűӣ̲ס򼸸ǷҲ˴˯࣬ڷɢ£ѹڽ䣬ԽЦ⣺  ʣ˵Ҫĵ𣿡
֧ӣߵ ʣ 
ů͵Ľһ棬ڷԺ ˺ۡ
ϸ΢ЦӲƺڰѱѹã ֪ҪЩعͺˣͷҵĺܣʴߵ 
뷴ʲôдߣͷʱСë֪ƨɳء
һմƤһȵģ꣬Ҳĵ͵͵ ԣ´ҲҪ ڹסˡ
һҹߣ̫۵ԵʾȻζûһ
һҪŮѡ
޵ĺԼһԶԾ۵ϰ߰ڿϹһ£˯ɣô߱ϻ¶ȵʱ򣬾ͱһʵĸʾŵ̧ͷ
߰ŵѾϵ̫ۣҲ֪˶ãҲйɾ̬ʧűŲһ磬ָ 㡪ʲô
û밲ʱɣ
Цһ٣ɫ΢ȣԵЩί ʣսж˯ 

¡
ڴߣͦεǰѹⶼסƵģ ʣ 
ҽ¹Ůŵ۱ͷิӣҼĵһȡ£źϡ
Ҷ˿ʵϸĵĸ䣬Ȼȡ塣
ƽʱźϴϹŮѥҲ̫ӳˣҽһְ죬棬ţĽţƽüչš
 ȵȣҶô£
Ȼ˯ţҲ걥һ࣬ӻŪɵģָЦˣ ˯žһȭ˹ 

̲סԭô꣬˯໹ǸĲ
øʿʹô ʹӣָǿ࣬ ̫ҽ 
Ҳָ˿ûǿӣ ûµģһͺ һҲûôʹ 
̲ס  ôɣ㵱˵֣̫ҽ 
ҵɫƽյԵ˳ĺܣֻҪ˳ëСӡ
̫ҽˡ
̫ҽǳ̫ӱȥǳѾͷð亹ŶӵĻʵӡ
 ˡʹ  ȥˡ
̫ɫƣһ̫ҽȹǣòڿ˵עĿ°̫ҽ˵ ǡԻˣʳ˺ƢθǲǳЩ
 ˡֻһ㣬ȵȡ˶ʹˣ 
̫ﶼðˣŭ ֹʹֻ˵ʲôá 
ƤţϬĿΧ˲ֱͦ˱
 ոʳʲôʲôˣȥҲɵȫ̲  
УֻʹĴ촽Ҿ͸Ͻȵ֣ ʣ̣ȻͲʹˣʹͺãʣ 
ʹڸҺƵģ̫ӵ֣ ϳʱˡ
εǰӣӹŮӹʪһԵɣĺһߵ ʣȥˣ̫ҽȻҩ˯һͲʹ 
 ֮ɷϡ ꣬ûĸʵȱ糯ġ
ɲʷϳַͷ
Բһܲ˶Уװӵŭǿ˼̲סŶӣ ȵȣҪȥޡ
ݵһ־ͲһͰְϣȻǿƣ˿ȴǻʵԼŲ鸡˻ȥ
áӰ쳤Хһοˮһһζ⵹ġ
̩Ȼţ̫ҽЦ⣺  һֹʹͷ 
˲֪̫ԼһԾŶ˵ĻǴӲаεġ
ɣȥһʹſ˽䡣
ˣ嶤ģڳΪʳһλûȥ糯ĻʵˣϲɺأһϸļڲԹհ
ʧڲεȿɱε
ƫͷŶӣ
 ǡû̫˵ʲô𡪡ֹʹ


䰡䡭
װסͯˡ

ʮ

һ̫ҽСջǱסˡ
һֶӣǰҲûˣֻҩţԼﶼйǧϲεĹζӲȥɢģѬΡ
Ҳ׷ݸΣ¾͹ֲΪ¾ƻϵʮֵĲֵ
ƽںͳͤ塣
ů磬һѩϵôƷζڣĶҲ˺θЩϰŵΪϣȻɣһճϵĺۼҲԺ解֬ƳɣԲɰ˰֣
һ壬ҲҪʱ
ҹæĳһ͵סį˼ǲӣû
һҲһʲôʱˣִӣҲ꣬ͫЦ˵ж˼֡
źӣӷ̡
ûתͷƼԶһĨʼƽǽʢ翪˹շ±˲֪Ƶҡ
ƽƽĶ磬Сһֵͬܡ
С;ãƷζôЩأΪʱţƽڳ˵ƷζЩ
ʵǲ̶ʵģˣҪֱȽѡ
ຣʱҽŰ
ֻ۰Ͱ͵ĿŶԽУԽڳˣԽˡٿ
ƽһɫгۣͷڣ̤ѥʮָֻͷһ˸ָĵޣԽΪףƬƬĿź̵ĵݣʱõ硣
ƽӵİݹϤ緢Ӣḡ˾ڽ̳һ
 ߵϣꡪ  ƽĨǣĶüƺɶ
˵绹鳤꣬ôãƽʱûʲôǻʮţҫӣԼʮ̬˹۵ûš
˼ǴǴӹ￪ʼϣһҶˡ
   
ƽ̸Ȥһѣ̫Ҳǰż¶ѵõ΢Ц֪ƽƢԣ˳
ȻʱһǡƽС £΢Сһ 
۹۱ǣǹģƺ˼ϡ
۽Ħӣ £
ƽ¶ֺõЦ ģ¡ɲ԰ǶǣԽԶԽã
  Ƕ̲úúõģȥʲô˵ؾǶһӣĵ£
ԳƽҪǲ⣬˵̲нһְŵĻƿ˲ᰭְŵӣܺðΪҶָտɴ
ƽý㣬Ƕһ磬ôá
˵ǶѵõĿĹ
ƽƤЦؽͣ ã⺢ӾȱĥԶҩã 
룬´˶̬ 㵱ôƭ𣬳滰ڹǰ 
ˣⷬٵ䶼ᡣ
ȻƽһǣҲεؿ̫ӣ̫ӽճƽͣƽڳ޷ֱӵ۴ʱҲǴţƺרע塣
ǳƽŽֹؿ ˵ǶǶǸɵӡ
뿪ߴ١
 ǶѰϹһСģ˶˶һҲһ뿪̲ѰϹ꣬ôȰУضˣڸŲ  ƽ˵
һ٣˫󣬡 ʲôѰϹݣ
ƽӿˣ ǰǼСĹݣԺԱߡ
Ժ磬Ȼ֪
ֻǡǶôˣ
 ôȥ Ǹ֣΢Ĳ
ҲǸֵʱ̧ͷ˼ɨһۡ
ƽ Ƕ̲ôܲȥһʱˣȥѰϹץ˺üˣøɸɾˡ
 취ǣαذǶ  𱸵 ôֶΣңС̰һͷȶѣʲô£㻹ΪԺʲô
   £ƽڨڨѡ
  ԣ㵱껹ΪȢҲһͷȶѣ˾͹ˡǶ£˰СŪ߾ͺãõԶ㣬ʱһ˭ǵ 
ƽǣɻΪѵ ɱ£áǶĺܣǹɾͷ綼סˣСİ߳ûֻֽסʱ򷴶Ūøӳɳ𡭡
 ͿǶ; յ ӵܵط͸÷ģ˷ף治ͳ 
ƽҲͷ ǰСݳҲǼģƽȤһҲ
ɫͽ䣬񱻳һƵãƲסغݺݰϣ ס죡 
ʱЩڰӶɢһ𣬳Ҳ͵̧ͷ촽һͫɫһ
ƽһ㶣Լһʱڿ췸˼ɻ䣬£һƾԼϣ ΢
ƽϴ˽ָһî㾢İ̹γ˼Ѫۣǽʮ·˵ҡ
ǼѪۣŭһ룬һͿظ䣬޴ƮѾ뿪λʵѧ̫ҽ̵ڸڱ˳쳣ºͣ ʣţ 
󱳵к¶ȣƺ͸۴ϣ˼Ųڣ ˣ° 
ƽ ΢ 
һͬģȻ֪ʲôļɻ䡣
Ǹ֣᲻ã᲻á

ĸ顭
ֵ= =
ǻƽƽ˵ˡ˷ŭ

ʮ

һͬģȻ֪ʲôļɻ䡣
Ǹ֣᲻ã᲻á
нΪ˳оϢƽȺ󣬲ŵ ʣҪһ𣿡
úõһ壬ôˣѵһʤ㡭
̫ˣΪӪݴƫƫֲ꣬⺢ӣϲһȥɰΧˣʳ
Ǹھǵĳ
ĵڡ
 һְ  °ѱϣ粿ţڿ֡
˶һһӵİռ˴룬ӣ±ߵ ʣʵǵܵ£ɲص 

Ҽ²ƽ ϷʢУҲǴ£ǵϲˣһҲûʲô˵ģʲҲ˵ǧһƬģƭǵܵģøǵһѵ 
ûӷȥԶ׷ȫûӣ˼ͣڿͷǾĻϡ
ʲôϷʢУʲôҲǴ£
 ˵пʢУ
ٳôСĹʲôҲȥģӲӣһͿ֬Ĩ۵ģ˵Ҳϸϸ˷ôʢе
һɣӢ̵ǳʵı飺 д󳼸ͯģǣŶ㻹ǵԨĴѧʿ𣿡
 Ȼǵ  ϹŰһ
΢΢һЦ ݶ֪ѧʿйͯ߸˲òࡣ
鶯ʲôʱ򡭡֮ѾݴˣƤ±ؿˣ
 ͳ ֱ֡ǰܻ
ŭţȻһ뷨৵һԼ˼뿪ŵĶӡ
ѵüΪʲô˵û治ʲôͷŹֽ˰˶ȣʶ
Ĺ⣬
ʶٳٲȢޣѵҲ Ļ˵ˣǲڵ򶪲õġ
ҿϢ̣ɫЩ죬 ʶ 
̵ģϳβ
 ֻǾãôණֻ۶ѣ翪ŵ㣬Ҳ㻵 
ԶһƶǶ̫ӵһоݣҲı䲻
ֵߵķ³ԵĻϣԼһѻ𣬰ۻహȫո⡣
ʮǰҲȷôˣһѻƽ˵ʱйݡ
Σ˲Ұݣᴺ紵ġ
һֱǸԲ֡
ֱҲôá
 ˣˣá  Цţӽڰ֣ Ҳ° 
վ¾΢Դźؿ̲о֣ ϧˣ̺ 
ͷıۣ ţ´ٽºˡ
ⲻӦĻȻ֪ģͦ£̫ļϡ
 Ƕи 
ʵٺõ壬û˵ʱµľ֮Ҳ̲оֶѡ
ɣѾ˵ͤ̱ˣһ¿Ȳ裬ΡΡָԼ۽Ǽ䡣
Լˣ˵뷨ģֻ֪һ˾Ͳˣûûͷġ

ѵ˵ĸ
ϧ˵³ȴǽ
˵ѽ

ʮ

˸ʱ䣬˰ѳǽн˹
ˣҲˣ۴ҲԵôֻ࣬ϲسЦţһ˵ͬǶãݴҲֺɫ
 ֪ĺô˰ɡ  ҡҡͷ΢Цؿź󱲣 ǰ˵Ļмýӵģ
ǲ˼شָͷ ұ
СĺӣôɣǴ۳ǵģҲ Ƕ㸸˵ȥ̻֮أǲǣ
Сϲزסŵŵ ҡֻȥ˶ѣûʲôġ
ɣ ˣʲôˣҸܰԼĸ׶
ǿε৵ľͰˣִٴͷ˵ ģǲףϲڵģʲô֪˵һʱ嶯۾  ίҧ촽۽Ƕˣ ԼģǲҵȻ֪
 㻹СΪĶ˶þ˥˰ˡ 
ʮĺӣֻϣȽϵСԻҪۣӲĿǴվһߣʧǵҧ죬Ѵҧˡ
 ҡҿ;ûϲرĻϲ¡ûֻҪһ;ˡ
Խ˵ԽСˡ
һ䷴סˣ𣺡 Ϳ԰ĸĸԺǶ̫ùʧˡ
ͨһͷص鷿Ŀʹ
 ĸǻдǡֻңֻҶѡһܶԲ 
㲻ͬͬĻ˴㰡ɵӡ
žવĵ鷿ĵשϣ۳һ̲굥ı΢΢ţԽԼקŽһӵĸ
һĸ߸ϣĿ
ǵõԼǶСӲ˱ָͷֿɰ˺޲÷ŵĿۣһһԭôͷȥˡ
 ͬڹУǶһΣּǽӻǲӣ
̧ͷϣỨ˸ ܽӡ
ȻҪѿͻ⺢ӣֻ̽ʼѪͳǶѡС˻һ;ǰһġ
 С塭 
ʧΪһ䣬ͰԼǰ;ϵˡ
Ѿ벻ͨЩ˵ʲôˣȲˣҲҪ·ȥˡ
ǹƵᡣ
֪ǲĵ̫࣬һµ̫ҲҪһ ȥΪȻĸˡ
ÿʱȥҹ³ի죬ΪȻʻÿǣǹˣ̫ǷŲģϸŵĶš
ի̫£ ĸˣ¹أӵġ
һӺݴüĿ̫ѵõ̾ˣһ̾ǧתٻأƹȣ﷢ë
 㸸ʡѾʮˡ
ǰ겻ʱȻʾͼݱˣĸҲӵʻˮ۵ٸŮ
   ̫ʵգ Ȼʵӣǵס𣿡
΢СϹ˵СֻȻʲŻУȴʵϲ֡
˭ĸڼ˭ء
 ˥˵Ѿǲסˡ Ҳ̾ͬ̾ǧתٻأԶ
̫Щ㯣ջ֣ ҲǣⶼʮˣҲЩǲסȻʵˡ
ü ѵȻĲô
̫Цҡͷ
ʵ ʵиƵѵҶȻҲûƵ𣿡
һᵽҵ֣̫üëǲ̫֣ ̫ӲȻʣȻʺͿ̫ͣӡ
̫ۣ˵ȥˣεЦ̫ϲҶѾһˣʺѲ̫׶׸
˵ҶӦú̫ʵȴǣԽ̫ԽĲԸ֡

ڶʮ

ƢСϲȻģֻת⣬̫﹬Ȥ£Բĸģ˭֪⻰û˵꣬ſھʹֹһɺ̫밲Ϣ
ſԽԽĴ´ӰŷʹĶͷʱˣӴСȫһˡ
ͷλӯӯ£ 檸밲ˡ 
ԭĲɣʱθպ̫ʱ䣬䵭˵Ũ⣬ůﶼûУ治ɱ׻˭С̫ϲֲϲԼŮء
ˣӹǲܲġ
ҪЩû˼ڵľˮˣǱ·䱾ʱʱһҲˡ
һĨɫע⡣
밲ӽ϶࣬һЩȼµֻվһߣҲ㲻ϻֹӺվŵǸŮʮ߰ģò˫ˮȴܶθڡ
С¹һĴۺֵܲܿţȻע⵽Ŀ⣬һƬæֹش¡
̲סЦˣֶŪСһõ飬˫Ӳֳ͵͵ۣŮԴԲüۿΣǹɰľͷǶмơ
Ҫ鲻Ҫͷ꣬ǳҪߵģ ˣ顣
ʵڲϣԼҪġ
ʲôʽãҲãҲգˣҲҶ˽λ˺˵ġ
ԻʺŵҲǷֺʵˣȻʱӻСҲ£ȫ̫Ӵκʵв
ãӲҪ̫ҪôܸɣҪǶСʱô͸ˣְͣŮϣţĸףһǷǳɰĺӡ
һõ룬ɲ֪ΪΣ־ñ
ߵ̫ܹܷʮ꣬ԹɫѾ¯ĵزˣ뿪ܹܱ˵ £ղˣȥսġ
Ⱥ׿ԼǲմƮߣС˴źɬ͵͵ͷСĲȵȹڣһĲ
еǣ񶼴ᴺ磬Щֱӵıɰˣ͸ݸܲһž˾ʻᡣ
 £ҹҪ𣿡
֪ôģЩ滨ѹĵôʮŮһܸоԼҲԴ⵹ˣ뷨£Ըȥˡ
 ţȥ׼ 
---

ȵһͼƬҳġţǰհԡ

⣺ʵۺܼ


쿪ʼѩˡ
վڴǰҲ֪˶ѩֱֶˣ˹ϡ
ղŻСŴһ뿪ſڰ̨ϴ˯ΪСʵȫʵͷź׵ƤñſſĴڶͷϣݻŵӺ˺һµ
ӣСʵһźڰ׷ۣΪ˯һ飬޹գգۣ 塭
 ղ̫²õĹΣô
ԽԽСʵ΢Ц ΪݽϲȷģŶ޹ɽҪЪϢСȻҪúϢ
 ǺãҲþûгȥ  β ѩºͳһȥΣ
ղŻһˣСʵ۲鲻Ըţ ˡᶳġ
 ǵãʱ˵ͷ̫ȣ壬ʱ˵ͷ̫ʪù壬أ˵˯ĺüڣһ겻ļѣҪѡʲôʱȥأ
۾ƿƵԼָͷϣִֺɵģ
Ȼı飺 屧߲
ҧסȭͷãԼ
⺢ծġ
ùƤ磬ְСʵ۹һ㣬Сʵ۰С°ͣվûϵӣȻſֱۣСС;ͷгһߣ 壬
Сʵ۰Ĳӣ°;͵ڻļϣɾ¸ëƤ
ѩۼСʵ۶뿪ůĻ 䣬ԭİ
ȥһ㣬ȵѩԶƪ÷ȥ ˭˵ģţ
 Ȼǹ˵ġһԾŶ СʵƫԴձ˿ڣ һڣ㣬Ȼ㣬ɹ˻Ǻϲѽ
Ц ϲϲǳϲ̫õĹλҪɵġ
ͷ˼شָϿţͯ ˡûô˼ն񡭡
÷ţڱ˪ѩ䣬һ飬һֱСʵۣһ̧ᴥ֦ͷ޳ƯָȾ һֱ̽ͷ˴˸
Ҫϵǧյġ ˸磬СʵҪȥ 
˫ִСʵ۵Ҹ£ѳɣӲתȥ̧˾ٸߺ󣬲Ż £⻨ĺ𣿡
ŽŽɵۣʱͫƬɫ޵ĻЦտЦ 㣡Ҫ㣡
 Ҫϲȥժһ䡣
סժ˲𣿡 ֶָ̽Ỵ̂ȫû취
 ˪εôɫ£õʲôͱԼ֣˲Ϊ
Сʵǽɵﺮ֦ݣСӣ£Ŵ˵Ĵֻã ٸߵУʵڹѽ
Ϊε 佫ķʵе㡭󡣡
 ס
ͬСʵĵʱʱûû˵Ĵ̫߶߶
 ƽ׽Բصʱҵˣף ʵ۵ıֺ
ĳƽԼԴͦΪѵ˵ ҲҪԼòаֲϹӡ
 ˵ǲ
ҪװݣƽЦ ҵȻȥ׽ݣ ϶ץ㡣
ʵ͵̧ͷҧҧ ˭˭׼ȥ׽ݵģҪ׽
 
ʵһţߺŵ ֮ľ Թ˲ŲҪá
ҪõĽǲʱ䣬ƽֿĽʵ۸ҵˡ
棬ôܿƽܿͺˣǳڸղŸﲻϹôһӣСʵ۰봹Դޱ飬ȻۿƽæҵΧŻʵתţ ǸҴҴˣ㡭ް
ʵί Ըķ䣬ȥýˡ˹ﶼˣŲϡ
˵ŲϡͷȴԽԽֳֺͣ۽ëմһƬ
ƽΧѸٵͷڻʵۼձ߾һڣʱͰ ҲŲȥݣݵû⣬Ǿ͵ѽ
ʵס˲øղűҵίְԼϣ˲̮ 㡪㡪
ĳƽ˺һ ǸԸķ䰡˵
ʵ۱ϥڵ£һ߽ӵųƽ ʣǹ˵ģǹ˵ģ
ƽҲ룬ҲеǴǰη Ǻðɣؾ͵ƽͺãοݵҲҺÿȥʹպ
ʵصĴ۾βС ǹ˾Ϊˡ
ż⣬ţʵۺ޵üëɶ㡣
һĻǰѰһʵ۵˸
޹·ϣʵһֱһͷĻҳһòײ˵ڣ Ǹع
˵ ƽĸףƽΪսɳʬ޴棬ֻһŸӣ¿֪
Դʵæͷ ֪̫˵ġ
ԡȾָ֮󣬲ΪʱӦùסԼˡ



δ18𿴡
ţ˵ǰϷô
λϲ

ڶʮһ

ѵõģôε飬ٸ̫߰鼸ǹལҲݲеʣ޼ˡ
鷿һǹ˵һ˵ݵ䣬ǸϣֱУҲˣҲӲˣǿֻô˵Ļ
ˢˢĿϣһһңִͬżᶨʮ㡣
  ʶԨԲ޵ȷǼ˵㡣
ƺ˿üɣЩ΢ϲɫϴߣ ʥ
̫Ǳߵ˼ǣλֱӴ󷽷ɱҪõĻҲ㹻һһҲɱӺ
ЦЦεɱ¾ͫۣ΢Ŷ
ҲΪ̬ȣŭ ̫Ӵ˾٣ֻڿڣ 
 ˼Զˣ°պࡪᱻɿĲЩҳӣȻҳӣֺ뿼أ
һЦ ̫ӵ˳˼ֻʱδ죬ִٽֻ󻼣ջԺոʧȥȴôջصġ
ƫͷˣͣڳӢ˵ϣ̵ ʶǷﻹмƻ˵ù 
ϾԼĹ⣬²͸ҵģ˼ǿĳġ
ҹȻЦˣǵȴżҳνӣôе۵ζ ǳԼ볯͢ʲôɲأ˵ôʣ
Ҳһ㣬̧̫ӡ
ɿЦȻû´Ұ¾ͬķһŶŵֻͶȻзգɳ͢͢ɱȿ˳ֿԵõһá
ôó̤һģسҲƺõˡ
ΪˣǸЩĻ治⺢ӣҲҪù
 ǽ鵽ҲҪЪϢˣȥɡ
ߵ̫ܹܵ˸ɫʾȥ׼ˡ
 ʣҪȥõ𣿡 ͻЩȵջߣһɫվ룬ؼ׿Ȼƣȴûаµ˼ûлӦ˾䣺 ǹҴ£õˣҲ㲻ʲô𣿡
һԵΪ̫ûͷûԵĻɫ ̫ӣˡ
Ҳ˵ѣ̤ǰһ°ӢʵԽ䲻ͱˣҲֲʡ
üͷššˣ֪Ǵ֪µģ󹬵£ֲ̫Ӳ֡
ѾٶŭⲻֹݳңƤһ̧ ¡
ûκζ
 ˹£ù˵飿 š
ƺЦˣֱ֪ʲôܣһӲ߰ģһۣʩʩȻĹ

ҵģҵģɽˮη
ҵģҵģ
(͵Сҵġҵġҵģ

ڶʮ

ƺЦˣֱ֪ʲôܣһӲ߰ģһۣʩʩȻĹ
Ԩ¡
ŭУǻᴦȫҵӣӺ֮ǰʼΪֲԼʱĴḡ˼ĳųңĶΪĶ͸ӵģʹͣ˷Ρ
ΪΨһĹ⣬Żκϣղ̫Ƿһƣȵֲڲסʧ ʶ˵Ҫȣǧǧڿ㣬һһһһʧ˷ִ磬˿Ц
ƽ͵˵꣬¹ŵ˻˿ţ۽ëţڲסĹִ ʾãǸЦ
һŭֻسһͷǿ鴤ĳ嶯Ӱ̨ϳһֻСɵϺëʣָڱʸϣ˼£״ư棺 ֻ㣬ʲô¸ùܣʲô²ùܣ СԼֿ˵ʶѵΪӸеΪ 
ƺһ㣬ôеίɫĺܺãҲ֣һ谮̫ӣ˵Ƣػû˵һ䡣
ȴˣΪʮأ˭ֿʹ
Ƥؾصؿͷ̬ ʽѵǣ֪ˡ
֪ȴ֪ڱʸϵԾּ֣ Ǹ˵˵㵽֪Щʲôˡ
鷿Ŀ·ģţһȼ
̧ͷӣȻȻ͸Źе֮ѾŻ˼֣  Ƕ˹أʧ˷ִ磬㡭ҪĪҪԼ ֪ˡ 
ټ鷿ͷĵذ
̫뿪Աһֱ̧ͷܹܲСʣ £
ı˦˰̨ϣֳŶͷɣ˿ղȥˣǱ׼ˡ
ݺɲѵõ鶼ܹˣ˵µ¾缦һ㣬佫ͣ粻Ҫ
-
ҵģҲҵ
ôô

ڶʮ

ֻһСͨҲʲôַιΣһֻСþˡ
ɣվС̯λǰ̾ţ۾ôģ ζŨطԸˣ һΣûء
ճ˷纮ԲڴĴʱӹ͵ܳ棬ҹ˳̫ͣͳƽɢˣ΢տĵطˣû뵽ɫֵ˸סˡ
˺յĿ֣ʵʵ ӣⰳʮˣ涼ûˣûǮء
ƫͷ룬ĵ ǹѡҸӣȥҪٿء
ǮףæͷһȴƲǮİӰӡ
ԺˣϸʱԼȷдİ
߷ֻɵƿ䣬ûһǰ
ǲΪ˶ӵԵʣ˴ϣĿƵЩ죬ֳŲæЦݣ Ǯ
δ䣬ȻһʹŵҧԼͷСŹˣۣⱻһ£۵Сĸζˣ󵨡
һվԱߣЦŨתָ˿ߵǮ͸ָתţȻһ֣ǮͲ᲻бڳɣϡ
 ɵһǮ͵ˣľү
ʧõǮЩ㱵Ŀǰ꣬ƻɺŽܱ꣬ɿһ£ʵϺãŤŤһĴ磬ȴҲ˲ᡣ
ΪʵƯˮһݣһ˫һۣЦһߣǧǻԾ棬òƯ
깰֣ʹȫ ǹ׷ôлˡ
Цڰ֣ ү㻹ǰǷ˼ҵǮ˰ٻͷҺѰɡ
˿Ͱ͵ĵͷ
ˡ񰡣̲סݵꡣ
׸۾ƵãԴƯ°ͣͷЦЦ
󣬶˵ˣҪάŲȣֲ׷ȥеʧ⣺ Сӣûô󡣡
ĻǱԶ͵ˣĹЦ˹ҲûУŶӳЦ ˼Ǽʮ깦ĥգƾ㿴ôһӾѧû᣿氡
 λ̨仰û˵𣿡 һߣ΢ŭһ𣬶˳ּӡ
ϧǰ˺£ƦƦ ǵ֮ӿȪ౨ûУղŲڶлôҼǵ㻹ûлɣ
⡭˻Ǻ޳ܰ
ήңԵ ǣ̨֪ΪΣ
ӦȤȻŲڴʲô
ɣԽķ꣬Ҫʲôһ仰ôתתƣ۶
 ̨ˡ󵨣
סҪ֣Ȼִ㵵գ ǰŲЦջ֡
˶ʵ۵
ͷϵۻûɢȥձֻյѪͼӿƤϣͰͺǳ⣺ ʲôˡ
̯΢Ц ˭һܺӣ ҰǮһѣùƽôί𣿡
ˡ ΡΡҧ´ﶼⲻ˴ŲԽԽίĳƽȥˣȥ֮һҪһݲܵ
Цɴ൱ֶϥ ϴͷղŲֵͦô
 
ɦɦͷ룬 ҸⲻǺòã 
˭ϡǸƲͷ͵ûȤԼ뿪
 ҪҴȥ棬͵òã
˭һİߣЦҲ̫ûˮƽ˵㣬о֮ͽѡ
Ĭȵ̧ͷ꾹Ȼڣգŷۣ޹ֿӣֱֱţӲҲⲻ֣ңҲһӲʯˡ
 ʲô֣ ɳס־ӸµĿԴ߾ؿΪˡ
һӾЦˣһźʺЦЦŨīһѸֽϽȾǿ͸ֽ
 ôһǺ˵ְɣ
곯֣ҹﹴճܽϵĻȣַüŻͷе㲻ͷˣ  ι߲߰
Ȼߣ˭һʶõİߣɣܲмض˶Ǽ⡣
ȷôģŻǺܲƵģ̤ʯ·ϡ

꣩ҵģҵġҵģҵġ
ûϵ֮Լҵˡ

ڶʮ

곯֣ҹﹴճܽϵĻȣַüŻͷе㲻ͷˣ  ι߲߰
Ȼߣ˭һʶõİߣɣܲмض˶Ǽ⡣
ȷôģŻǺܲƵģ̤ʯ·ϡ
ŰȻҵľֺҲΪʹһ޷չ
̵ʹͽȻʪ͸һ룬̻Ȼش ȴȥִںܲĶͷϣ͸ָ⣬ߴŵĽ崲ʡ
֪ǲǵһ¾ͻسһԽĳһ£Ŷͷŵƻ
ǶζѣĿȴ紺ݣиԶƽϢˣƫͷˡ
һ˯žѣ˻ǰ˯һߣཱུѹͷϣѹż㷢ɰӡ
ɣЦЦи˯ԱߣȻǺõġ
¹˶֪õ˼ܶ裬࣬кڶ࣬ò㲻϶ãɾǶζ
㲻з֮£˯Ҳ˾ۣܰ򵥵ļഥѾϸ
Щ΢ѲŪˣŮãգۣ£Ҫ糯ô
 أ˳ˣ˯ᡣ ˵ţָڶԷ۵ļձߣ£һʱֻˡ
Ȼ뱻ۣ˾Ҹ¡
ۣ ˯𣿳˵Ựòã
룬 Ҳ 
˳Сٻ¼ͥСʱñȴʿСҪ࣬˵ǰȤҲкܶ࣬簡Уǽȥ汻ĸ׷֣˵ʱ򷴱۷ˣȵȵȵȣţͿԺĳľ¡
 Ҫȥҹ£˵ǶһúƯ һؿֳֺڵĽëȰȵģʮֵ
΢΢Ц̲סԷСƵģţ һ빬ĲûֻɽϿЩˣȹЩӣ˴ȥͣչҪ̫ȥʦȥҲû˼ 
˷۷ְ̫һʺ󳹵׸˪Ƶģ΢ڲסľ⡣
̾УԴӼǰ鷿Ǵ󣬳ұȫķ˶Ըپϣרڹ£ǲãֻǸӼĪֶ˲ûҪɴƵģԽ˾￴ԽԽģ
Ϊ˵飬̫ĴҲüįֻÿ̫밲ǴҴҶߣ޺ۣƬ̲Ըͣ˼ߴһӣ컨ͻ⴫Ⱦһ
޳ϲŭȻҲŵ겻ˣÿÿᵽ̫ӣ϶йѹֵĺ£谮ӣ̫ǰҲ̧ͷѾߡ
ۡ
˽ԼָԽĳ΢΢Թţ Ϊʲô̫һֱϲأ
ˣ ûʲôҶһˣңҪϲʲôأ͹ˡ
ˣеӤʵתΪϲ

ڶʮ

ΪȻ׼׵ˣв̫ͬȥʦ˽Ǻͨγ磽һ¸Ӽǹ
ڹֵطֻԹԹٷͳѭԲˬ
ȻΪһ·ôͬУҲ˳Ϊ㷳գģȻҪµš
ȻǼʵģϴκ̫ǾֲҲ˳ǰԵ
ճö÷񣬸͵۶ˣü̵ۣ٣䲻ϲĳ࣬Ҳ׵Ժο
һӣƣܿƿˣƽͣ ʣˡ
ͲסӵˣͰ˯ǸӼİӿǰ㲻ųǸ޹˯࣬Ȼеۡ
ס˭ʰ̲оأ
Ҽٳٲӣ֪ʶȤЦˣʱĸ̨ף ǾϢһˡ
 Щˡ æ˳ǲо֣ɱĶڰѳǸŪˣǺӻɵ ףô͵ô
̫ӵȻ ǵܷģ㻹û˯ôá
ζеȫȻϲ֡
ǳˢͲҵˣ֧֧˰죬ƵĿ ¡
ɿ Ƕƽ㸸ܵ㡣
ΪһСľͺͼѿ鶼˵ϾͶϣ֪ǲǲТ˳ֻǰТ˳ֵ˶ٽ뵽ֲĿ۳ҡ
ǵÿԺؽţ ûµģҶչ˵ĹڵǮԼķأûǣظסڿ϶᲻ڡ
ҵ ƽҲ뵱𣿡
ѵõֱ̫ӣȻЩǿǶ ̫Ӹ磬ҡҪٵӣԺһҪȢģǿɲɣ˵Ǵء
ӢµĲ޶˶ټļһζȴУĿͳһ¡
Լ⺢ӣǴ껪ȴԼӵĹ¼ҹˡ
ůĲҲûУ乬
ֻչü Ժɱڵĺá
Ǳ鵥һ ᣬġ
̲סЦ˼û뵽ʼˣô֣Ưûʲôǿ˵ò֪ģȻĻ̻
 Ƕ Խǳ¡ ˼䣬û˵˵ıҪ
ﶼ˼ֲ⣬
ɣƵ Խ⣬ɻʼӵܣܲɸ£ô
ҳһ£·ҪڸЦƵģȭߣ˼ټ ʡ˵
ȴľţһ󲻽ӣ ʲô£
ʹ˵ĺôǲʲô㵽ƣô㣬ҲֱӾԼֶ˵з֮µʱ򣬲ܳԿɣ
ǾţƤôŪҲ˻𻨣йóСӣɴˬ ʶǶͽͣԿˡ
Ի־ڵת̫Ƕ
ЦЦȴڿǰСǼ÷Ӹ˿һԹ
 ̫ҽ˵ˣθƫܲôֶ̼ٳΪ
ãõúܣʲôʱ̫ҽԺŷͨˣԵ÷Ҫţ ;ʵڷĺܡ
̫ӽŵ ̫ҽ˶һַ滺磬ʲĻ
ʮ㣬ڼʮֵһ·ƣ붼ûˣ˵ĳǻŸղǸ⣬С꣺̫Ӹ硭 
ɣСţԽ⺢ӵĶ֮·ʧߵǻͷΪýϢڶЩֻҵ ǵܣʵ˼ǣСŵ˷۱ñ˳ˡ

ڶʮ

ҹλɽۣ֮ȥݼĵطӣݻϵۣڣһʵھЩԲˡ
Ϊ⣬Ҫźصĵۣͷᣬֱű̬ׯϵú˵ɽ·ÿǰ̤һԼϹͷл ˼̣Īڴˡ
òװĻˡ
һĨ׸ڸ̨֮ϣ糾Ȼ𻯵֮ˣ裬ϡ
ʦݡ
Įòɫ޿գ
콨񣬹аλλʦһһʦǴഫڤڤעһ̫ӣڸרŴ͵ĵطȥ
Ҳֻиݣôö֮ڻʵǰˣЦЦ̫ӵĲ£š
صӣÿϱȥĵطЩͬΪΰ̫Ҳˡ
̤żһǣʦһֵǰ棬һţ ¾ˡ 
ûջؽţ˲һһǣŵ΢ ΪΣ
û뵽̬չѿְ˰ݵֱȰ ʦ㡭
һһֺԵĴڹʦǰǰ˶ռģС˵Ҳþö
 ұˣұš ݵƽͶ䵭ط  ¼Ȼ޷𣬺αǿԼ 
㣬ɽ߾᣺ ǹʦãıˣ
Ĺʦᶯ ޵
ұ𰸸ЦˣٱǴЦģ ƽȣ޵ѵͲǵôҹʦкΪ֤
ҲԸԣֱӹ˷ţɣԭؿŵĺϣ꿡ʵҲ֮ǴĿĵһ
⺢ģַűߣųҾôӲ棬
ֻĮɵӺ洫 㻹Ҫվã
 Ͼǹ˵ĶӣͲ΢𣿡
ŵ£ɣϧ˵ǰ㲻飬 ҵĵͷ˵㡣

ݿƺ̾˿ȴ˼֣ ҿ㵹ԽԽȥˣôпɺã 
ͷȲ裬΢ƣȥЩŲЩ˵ ޴¡ 
ȴ ҿϣɲô˵ġ
ڹʦǰǰ¶زסգġ
 ãΪδλҪҶ㣿
һЩ翣 롭λ
˲ҶǾĬˡ
ǰļ붼ֻһѣ̫С
ƺ΢ĥĥʳ˼̻Щ ǰգҹޱҿǼƣʮҲǾûġ
ʦƿ࣬ƿ
ɣȴΪסüҴ룬 ˣûǸˡ
һ ʮĶѣֵ׳ꡣ
 Ȳ̸㿴ǻʶΣ ĵ¡
ɫɫȻ ޱ̫ԲޣǻʶȴǿƵɱǣ֮£ҲɿɱӯѪ֮ɫ
ϢţʵڳʽѾģֻս¡ б룬ҡҡͷ ս£ֻԽԽá
ſݣʵľ档
 ̸ֻ󣬲̸£㹬Լĺá  һ˵ţһΪԼһ裬·һһԿ뻭ϧʵĲţٺõĲˮҲƷʲôζ
ʦܹ֮£ǳӣǺ磬׵ģ Ǵˣ
ɣڿϣ گ鶼дˣ˰Ƕˡӣ˵
޹ŵģǷݸλگ飬£û֪
λҲһˣΪ֮ҪҸǡʱ̫ζԸ˴󹦣ʱǳҰ䶼ֵ֧ġ
һЦҲ֪Ƿ  ⵹硣
ҲǣôҲŪһŵĻȣ֪ǲ̫۵ĹϵĶѩһƬŲ豭Ҳ治ȣǶűˣ⻰ֻܲҴҺøǲͬġ
 ôˣ ƺס
 ҹţҹ  ˹˵Σô˴ûιӹ˶Ѿˣҹʲô¹һ飬ǰһģһûˡ˲Ѳˡ
֣Ҳüһ漴ָƽ  ڲö˶˵ģ˵ʲôѲĺ

С  
 ħԼֻħ 㿴ⶼȥˣʮꡭѾһֻˣÿ˶ԼԼҵΪ ʦ׻׻Ȱš
ɣűﶼ֪ǲʣ˺һŻظƽ̧ͷһ͵ѵõĶ˷ Ӳʯ ǲǹ
˵·⳾ƭ˵ģȥôԼΪöӦˣʵ˳˰̣ģȴôҲָԭɫ
Ҳż֣ΪʲôʱһЦ֮˦ߣһԺļûˣֻĹ⾰
 ҲãҲգȥˡ
 ȥˣҲˡ Ȼĵ Ժ¶ȥĺˡ 
̸һʱʱ˸޹عҴ£֪£ ݣһ¡
ͿͲ䵭
 ˵лмأУһССӣ ѵõŹ⣬۴С
ʦƤһ飬 £ɽɽŴмӹ˵飬ҲѧǳŮ£ʴˡ


ڶʮ

ź˱㼱æǰ̫ͨӸղȥǰɽͷһȥˡ
ίˣЩƢģݵصͷ ţ֪ˣҲȥƺˡ
ɽһ԰еһǴƹȥˣϧΪٱΪףܾǶ˷ᱡ˷鶯ϡ
ɽô·ƾʱһƬⴺɫǧǳ
ˡ
Ұ꽫ɽ·˸ѥڵϣһζûУֻֽϸܴ̫ǰС·㱼䲽ٸˡ
ԴɾҲˡ
ǰСϪת˱֦Ҷһ˿һ˿©չʹ̫ϣʾ̴ӱٸԼǰ˼ŵĿ֦ϸ΢ѾȻͷһüЩ΢Цݣ ʣˣ
Ц ţ㵹ǻҵط羰ʮǰҲʱһûôࡣ 
ҹкܳһξ룬һ㶼ߣʵ ʱ򸸻ʦһ𣿡
 Ҳ˵һ ƽĿ˵ ʱͱ㻹ҪСһ㣬չԣƬֶˡ
֣ȥﶼŪļɹģ˵ͻӲպԣͰָȼˡ
˻ͷĴӵٳڵĺʱظߺ ԳˣñԶ˻ƨ
ʱ࣬ӵ ӹף
ӢѾһƬ¶Ц Ӵţ߹󣬱Ӳƨã²£ǲǶ㵽ȥ
 ˼ǰҲʵֻľľصͷ
 ˵ɡ һҧںϣ̶¶֮ɫ ӹס
Щ»Ŀƣȴ겻ͬųң̾˿ ˣҲ֪ʲô⾰
˼üƺŲԶбˮ仨α̼Ұ沨ȥ  ʣãˮ棬һع麣 ˡǲȥ Ͳй鴨һ졣 
ҵһǿοʶ̫Ӹеĸ߶ȣ
鷿̫ӣ֪ߵغİ΢ֻš
 ʶղίˡ
ҳĬ
ݳĬﵱǺӵίο ʦԸǹŹЩǶҲռ˵ġУʦ˵Ļȥ
һͣͷļ򣬽ʵʵؿţԼϼһߴ˹ȥ
 Զʧ𣿸ʣ
ʧЦڳû֣˳ëһ̫ӵĺڷ ôᣬһֱǹصĺӡ
ԺİССҲ䡣
 ʦҲмֵ±ǨҲеģ˾ܺãȥǿʲôˡ
ͷ꺬һζࣺ һֱģ˵ʲôȥᣬֻҪиʾͺˡ
˽ԵĻɳ˵̹޹ǸϹͷˣҪʲôλԺʷ˵˽֮
ȴظţղĿǣ ֻҪиʾͺá
֦ͷǼڷЦһЩΡ
㿴ǻʼһǰռңûȻǲеġ
ȸЦҪһֱŻǼ£̫ߴ࣬һֱǺܲҪʱֱӣĿţϢڼ䶼ǹݺϢ
üޣ㵹ͦ絶է֮¾ǲദԽӽࡣ
ֿЩƴ΢ɦյٶȣ ʣմ˻ѹô𰡡

⣺꣬ô

꣬ô
ΪһָеĻʵۣȻķǳǳȥʶһνĹʦˣôӦǹʦʥİɣǰɣ
СʵϣίĽ֣ ҪȥǸʦǲͷۣôӣ
̫ܹܺΪѵ ¡˸ŵĹΡ һ㶼ء
ʵߵ ʲôҪôΣΣ
һ˺ƺƵСʵɱڵǰͷʦסĹſڣһ˽Դ̽˽ȥûƺźҲûС
ܹĨ亹Ȱ £ʦʱء
СʵۺԿˮţ бȹ˵ĹλҪ𣿹˶ˣ
СʵسȥڿǱߵϣƼһСһɫǶ˿ۣɸɾģԡ£񲻳˼̻ͯ
ͯͷīֱӶ˫ŷСʵӲ߰ ǹʦô
ͯջۣǱɬѶĹ顣
 㻰أ ʵöţѥ̤ڵذϡ
 ҪΪ˲Ҷ㣡
ܲƵģݺ鱾һƣ¶֣ ӹס
ʵղӦʵ˼ʱһƨ˵ϣֱͲۣ׺ݵʵ Ҫң塭ء󵨡
Į˵ ޸ĸֵܽãϲ
ʵ۳̧ͷ ӹףӹס
СʦüۣСС;һϳɵӣ 
ǻʵһ·鷿Ѹϣţµؿ߹ʦĶС
 ˵ӹף˵ģ  С壬һţԽ 嶼¡˵
һۣһСʵۣ Ӱ
ܵûʵۺˣ˻գ 壬о𣿡
ʼһ٣ͷ оˣضŷ⡣ Ż׺
ʵ۱ҧ촽 նûˣûˣоô

˿ڿõ۷һߣԼ̫ѨŽʵ۰Լ ԣ΢Щʲôأ
Сʵֺػص˸ղųԱĵطʧǣǸݺ
 ڹﻹסϰ𣿡 Ц ǰҲʦסġ
ͬò ܺá ƲǸĹĵСʵֵۣ Щ
ЦЦֶߵСʵ˵ £лҪʦ˵𣿡
Сȭͷʵ۱Թ߶ӵغһ װˣ
һʵ۵ŵŵˡ
 ɣˣʲôƢ
 ͺ͹˲󣬾װĺƵģˡˡ ĻʵȻ Ҳ
ͳ־Żʵϵˮ ɵʦǺģɣ֪𣿡
ˮۣʵۺߵ ࣡
 ʵأʦһǲܽŮɫģҲܳԻ磬Ҳ˵û㣬ҲûԱϲˮϺȣӣ»ɹʦ𣿡
⡪ײҾ磿 ʵһδѵľ
ţôЩƫˡ ľ ¿˼䱯ݡ
ˡǹˡ
 ӣ»ҪĽʦ𣿡
ʵۼᶨҡͷˡ
Ц Ȼ֪˵࣬ȻҪϧģǲǣ
Сʵ۵ͷŤ
 Ȼ֪ϧǽĹǲӦðʱأ


ڶʮ


һҵеŮҹ̫๬ŮǶʱΧæһţûһ̫ҽҲҩ伱ҴҸ˹
ɣεؿűӣѪλǵֿסѪεϰߣֻùŮȷȥطҽΡ
˵˯һǷѣֽŴûصʱ򣬸ղ˯һӣһպþʹıǼϡ
úһˣҪǱӱˣǶ಻ð
ͻݵĻʺһ¹ǼλϵҲһ꣬ôֻһ˶˯ִݻ
Ȼ̫ҽҩһή˵ⲻ £ô죬ٹ̫ˣӣôȥ
Ͻİ û£ֻЩ죬ʱЩ۲ͳˡ
űӳ 檱ҲʵȹӣֳģһᱻȡЦġ
 ôҲʺϵģ أ Լȥϲ 
 𣿡 һ
 ˺ʱƭ㣿
ٹձ̫ʮٳù˺ú׼һҪףһֱƵ񲿵ʾʾ˺üҲǣֲӵĳ谮Ȼ̫ӵΣ㶼סǾ̫ˡ
ľһ·˳Уָտɴ԰ʢ翴칦Ҳ޷
£Ҫúùġ
Ϊ٣ԽĲţ˳ֱźʵëƤϣСů¯ʼһӹģ˵ʱºеĴ¡
ǰʱſʼʲôŮĹ£ȴʲôľˣȤ
ַһҳ¿ʼ·תˣʶòŮӴؼң׺ƶƲƵĴ󷿾ͳҹɫȥ˵ķ䣬óĥĲ˵˵ͷ­ݺһ硪
һ£飬ľģҲ±ʵƽ·ֳһ˺ëֱ
Ůƶǿɲһļְ
̾ţʹ̫æͨỹûʼʲôõ ʲô£ֵġ
һ·С̴ܶţĿİ ϣ²̫ӵ¡
 ʲô£ Ƥݺһ
ŵòС̫ ̫ӵ¸ղڳſ֪ô¡˽ϵƤøֱӡֱӸˣ
˵θȻ֮ɱҲô𾪣ЦȻһѪĶƶѡ
ֱѩ棬оԼԴɱˣȫתֻ̫һ·¸ϵ˳
ԶԶأԿһƬŵ̫ӵĽһٴƵվڵǰ֭Ƶģ紵ѩβ䡣
ֻ˼λŮƿԣԶԶƼͬǿ˷ؤͭ壬ʼ˺ѷεؽ  £ҪΪΪ
Ʋ󣬵һƤ㹻ˣԾǻѱߣħһδֹĺȴһֱûϨǶѹصĻ
ţıȥƤãСھȴůĹȹɪɪţʯ쾪  £¡ƤǰóԼȥİ̫ƾʲôԳ檡
 ס졣 Ѿû˭ˣȫôƵڻʼңʲôɣⶼǴ治ġ
㲻ϲҲܵô˵˼ҵƤ¸˵ʼңѰռҲ̫Ρ
ƺȫûз˼ڵ˼һԲؿǻϨ׾ɷûаɭֿ£ȫ
   Ѫһֵӿ˲ǰҲ󷢺ڣ յؽ
ĿĶţʳǰչĴ
 ڷƣǲǶˣ ǳ⣺ 㻰
ʵ۷ŭڳһ̶ϻ̳Ͽ֡
ôΪ¾Լ뱩ʲôͬ ֪ҲϲĳԼ¶̸ιҡ
 Ǻã һҲûһҲûС 
ڱѩڣɳƣԳҲԹߣ  ҪҲûʸ 
һƬãң̫ӵĻһͷˮȻƫƵ󷽵ĻϣȻЩû͸İ׺ƤһӾͼˡ
ǰ׺Ƥǽʱ̫ӷϵģ˵һƤã̫ʹ˾Ǹɽװ׺ֻȡҸƤëϲԵӵǶúܣкǰҲ
̫ӶŸɡ
ֵǵƤҲԺˣǰԼȥϲģһۼͰˡ
ѾҪѿڶĳӲ˻ȥ΢ĳ鴤ίͲ˼֣ ֻ˲ ˡ㣬Ҳ̫ûִ˵㡣
ЦЦһߵһҧгݵζ Ǹˣôã
ڱֵͷضţڼзѳС䡣
Ĺ˵Լ̫ӺϺµŪͷʱֿЦĴԼǹֹ߲һԴ
С檿ĹֿģɴҲûʲô׺˳ҪάϣҪСʮֵΪѡ
Ŀڻʹݻ𣬲ͷǾԲеġ

ڶʮ

Ŀڻʹݻ𣬲ͷǾԲеġ
걳ͦôֱ ʲô βŵ  ʣĲ̣ġ
ôô˵أộ  ̫ӵľǿԽûм
µҲ֪˶ã̫ЩսãЩӱĹŮǼεһˣֻЩⳡľ־硣
ڴκ϶ǳסıģɲ֪ôģȴϳ״ռ̫ǿСӣְݲô˶аá
һǧһף⺢Сʱһ䵭־ǧ֮ģôˣճ
Ա߾ǽ᳡Ϸ̨ѾˣȫȻյӰ죬һ뵽ջǳҵ ѽ⺢ӡ ⵽ùأҶ 
ֱִçײɤӻɳţ  ֻҪжͺãһ㣬һ㣬ľͲ𣿡 Ǿ̫ӾǱסġ
ʹȻҲ̲ܵ£ش𣬾ͿѩһĨɫӰһƷۣ޿ݣ
 ɷ ʶ  ʹĵ  ʹصزȡֵĵط ʲôɡ 
ĨԽıƽҪ¾ʰˣǵϵص Լȥ˼˺ú÷˼һ¡
ôҲýҹ˳˳Ļ
Ȼһͺ̫Ӹˣٵţ̫ůֵС¯ּ䣬۳ң۹ڵϵѾֻľ㷦һڻԭҲűУůֻڱƤ¹ƤҲס֣ķ붪̯̻޹
Щǣһծģӣаһ졣
̫ӵȻҲǻʺļգһȥʺһ㡣
ǽϹŵĻض壬һı飬˺ð죬 ʺ󣬹˶Ѿǲˡ
 ܶ˵ò˶ѾǲˣҲǡ
̻ҵ䣬ָһմᵯ
 ôҪأ
ҹûޣϴ󻻺˯Ծޣ̺ܹɫ΢죬 к£
ܹܹ £ǰҹˣһ棬˵Ҫ档
ǻʺͬĸӣʺ޽ʱҲŵģ ʺźֱȳڹķΪʺ
ʱҲ;ƿݵʱˡ
Ȼ˯أһʮһյļ֣ˣϾǻʺں˰
  
˼Ǳĸߴ̧̫ģҲʱ򲻶Ĺϵֲûʡȥ˷Ƚڣþ ¡︾Ҫ档
ֵ˼üͷһ¡
֣ģҲʲô
µм˿óǾġ
ʧȥԵʱ΢΢ض˶졣
 ̫ӵ¡
õĺִʲô˼Ļʱ򣬳Ӧû˼
ʲôһӾͻˡ
ĺȻθ䴫ƴ̫ӵ¡ǱġⰡ
鷿š
е㺮ӽŵƲסϴµзһ鶯˼£ɫɲ  㡭֪֪Լ˵ʲô 
ֿеĹ£򵥶ףо𷻼ЩĹʵڲֵһᡣ
ʺҪܿ˶Ŀʵ£οֵĴΡ
˵ʺǾʶǰڻʺ׵ĸϵ˵Ҳ÷֣û˸ɾĻ磬ʱֻҪһһû
Ŀⰵ գΪҪ߹ˣ
︾իʮꡭȻԭ²ԼԽǳ谮̫ӣ︾Խǡζʺһʱ˹ƻ󣬷
ֶֻصסĲ㣬ֻǳвס尾˵˳
鷿̴ԽŨˣԼĽӽľƤԼͷʱ֪˵Щʲô
ʱƵһزЦˡ
ղŻ￴彩Ӳмŵģʺ˳õüۣеĶͲظӳǽ͵飬ͨ飬ʳһȥȻҲֻһϸ˵Ƭ֮ʡ
¹شҵٶ׼С
ͣҲֻгһӣʺһˣһԣŵ˾ŵˣڡֻǣҶ治Ĺ⣬ǻʺ꣬ʲô̬ڵأ
ǣʺǸ˰裬Ѿ˲ϧԭƭĵز
˽ϾûҪ
ֻЩĶѡ
 ȥסñ˿
ϰŵĲѾˣΪضһڿڵĺ¶ǣƻƽϢһ㡣 ãһᣬڻʺڣһƽľ͡
ǵǸ˽ֻԼͷˡ
󱳾ʪҲûȥֱӿϣĿɢңǰһƬҰװܻ Ҷҡ 
ΪĹ⣬ô谮ΣԼģʲôأ
ֻϧ縲ˮջء
ûһˣʱټһʲôشˣһ£úɫ罫Լڽҹɫ鷿磬ߵף ¶ݡ
 ¡ô ѯʣ׵ɫΪæȾ˺Σ Ҫ̫ҽ𣿡
ڰ֣޵ݣ ֻǻ˵ Ԩҹ¹ش󣬹𣿡
ͦͷ̧أȴûй£ 䳺ֿ  ΢Ṽ¡
ɣЦЦϲŵ쳤ؾþ־Ϳõ£زѾûôҪˡ
 л˵ ߽ Ҫȥһ¡
Ϊôľִ٣ǹصš
˺üǹܸ߳пɢȥ֪ӸԼñӣɫõȥ
 Ҫ֪ʮǰʺǷȾ 

ʮ

 Ҫ֪ʮǰʺǷȾ 
ɫ䣬Ҳ ̫ӡ  Ļƺݡ
ɣЩſˣ¶һЦݣ û£˵ 
򴽣 Ҫ΢ġص㲻ڻʺǷȾǡ̫ǷѪ
˵꣬ĳĬɫϾûκμ衣
ָһĶͷϣϽ񣬡 ˼Ȼֲ飬ͲʲôԨ֪Ϊε˵Ļүүûдλ壬ǹ˵ĸʣ
һ ΪȻǻʺ
ҡҡͷ ؼȻʵĳΣǣΣĸˣū͵ĺӣ㣬ҲǲĻλ
 ѪͳҲǣڶķ ȻҪά棬 Ҷǹ˵Ĺ⣬Ͳôĵط
ڼҷңⶼһɽѹϣܵĺܣע޷ߵˣȥ鷿˺һᣬ˼·̬ùŮµﻻϡ
ɹŮæͭӰģб飬ʣ ̫ӻ
ܹܴ ǵģ¡
 ŷ׼ЩģҪȥ
ŵָۣЩϤ·ϣּƻϲϱ仯ĸп λͿʱûϷˡ
ʧȥΨһĶӣһ뵽̲סĽʹ
ӲŶ룬껹ǹѵϣӰɵһ
 Ҷ
΢̧ͷɫǻϲģȻó̲ס˿
 ȹ˾㣬ôļʲô  ̾˿վȣֱѵϾͺã 㿴ٹˣǳԱû¸ɡ
ҲΪЦЦڵϣ ˸ʵĻġ
 ˭ô£ǳ¡
Ӱ̫죬ֺƵĴӵǣ˼£ʣ ôô䡣
ֻˣֻһָֻ֣Ц ůЩ̫ˡ 
ֻǲʹĲղõν裬ųǼмܲסʼǸ֣˶ʮˣٶһҪȥںˡ
ʲô֪ͺˡ
Ȼ⺢ӺǰԵʱ˲ôůΨһ̰¶ˡ
ľͺˣĺӾͺˣһ߿ů֣һֱš
 ղž룬ʻ᲻ҡ ҵ͵͵ Ȼʻϲҵģ԰ɣ
סӲ ˲ûϲ㡣
һ㶣漴չЦȥããǶϲʣǰɣ
ƽڳ϶һ˵ľںҲŵΣа۵ģҲѧˡ
ԽԽʣԽԽᣬôôãôõĺӣôܲģ
 ô˸ʣ𣿡 ˵ д
ֻǱקؽģҡҡͷɬ ǻʶĴ
ЦЦ¿˵˼ ´ΣʿɲܰѶ͵ĶˣȻǻ̲סġ 
 ˣ˭ ܼᶨظ
˶ЩϰԣǾ֮Ҳûʲôġ
ԼӵŵĶ޶ãȻȴԼʧȥ䱦
Щܳüۼ䶼ϲһѱ÷ӣҹЩ˫ץֱۣ ʣͶһ԰ɣ
 ˵  ӲʲôֻҪһӣʲô
ּ󣬰һ£Ȼ öһ 
ըˣɣʱ͵ ˡⶼƤˣʲô׵ġ
ƽֻҪĿ϶һٳ𣬵ջƵ̫ˣһһֻƵ£һºҲòǺܻˡ
ҧ촽ǰȥһ޳ָҡҡ ﰡʡ
ôǵľ룬ô׽ԷԸĸж룬ԽԽÿס
ԼģԼģĸڲָҲڲձϵҲǲŵġ

ʮһ

ļգƽ˷
ɣ֤ʮǰҪʱģĵȡ
ˮʯһɣԼõ̬ȥԣֵλˣʲôҪ֣ȻԼ
³֪˽չ칬۵Ļȼ䣬״ɢ
 ʮǰ޳˹٣ھǽ˵أЩһֱסǣǰ޳ˣûվȥˡ ˵⣬͵۳ɣɫûм˵ȥ
 ȥˣȻȥˡ ̾ ҲΪĽ죬ʱǹһ˷飬ʲô
ͷҲǰͣ½Ų ʮǰҲǻʺŲһʱ޳Ϊ̽ùū޳ʮһֱ彡ˡ

 ޳һӣ΢Ѿѹ̲¡Ҫȥ𣿡
ȻΪˣӻڣӼЩĵطֵܼˣûа̳ɣɣͬǰ̲
겻յ̲⣬һǰͷ·ӰݣԼһطýģ˱˰޳һ׳ţȻʺҲӳǽ
˵ʲôء
Ĳ²룬Ѿ̲ĵ·ŻѣߵͷηǰֻһĿӰ
 򿪣˸˵䡣 
ηﻹɾζҲţɣǹеºͣ ͷ̧ùơ
Ϲŵ˲ãȻ̧ͷ񿴵һ ˣʲô¶ûҰɡʲô¶û
˻ˡ
 죬شʲôͻشʲôشȻȥ
ݻЧŵˣǰòһ˿һܷŹ
Ϊ֮ĳ࣬ҲǿӢŨüۣͦ
Щͷ㺦ߵͺ죬޷ıȽˣ  𶯡
ֱǿӲ̧˵°ͣǺҡҡ
ǰ˵˾䣺 £֡ ȻʮصֿϵĲӣʹһ̧졣
ӹ̴ӵ־ĲɵĲ֣ƫͷţε Ԩվ 
 תȥ Ըĺ󱳣ųҿʵıӰֻ谵ηȴôҲá
ܾе񣬵Ҳﶼ
 档 
 ƫ㣬š
 ߰㡣
 Ǹ߰ǽ㷭ۡ
Ϳͱȥٴ˺ѷˣ ˣСİɣ
ɣЩܸУӻʾʣ 𣿡
Ƶ棬شпϣ Ƶ˱Ͳ١

صģʮǰô๬Ůڣݣǽܻ֦֦һҵõġ
߳ηּģ ˡ
ЦЦܿظ̬ £޳鷿ҵЩŮӵĻҲ޳ԭ˵ͼ
˼Ӧ ˡ
ᶼЩˣ߽Ƕˣ廹Ǳĺܺãִ򿪾ᣬĻһչɽ¶ˮŮ̬ᣬüĿ续ЦȻֻѰ˼ҵĴ硣
һˣڹĻģȻôԶζӳʵںܲζЩᣬʺѾģ˳üĿÿ˵ģһǫ͡
 ǻʺ󡣡 ѵ˵꣬Ͽϻٶ࿴
 £һ⡣ һ󣬻˵Լ뷨 ֪ԸԸһԡ
̧ѯʣɫ࣬ݼᶨ ഫ׷ѪͨѪס
 ޳Ѿˡ ôѪ⡣
̲ȴȪʯˣ Ѫѻʬд档
ɴ˸սһ뵽ҪӸõĵڳЩɭɭ׹ǣµûţ˵ҲеµʲôҪˣ Уȥһ£ֻҶѪҪõֶ 
Ҫɾ̫ƤˣֶΣ°
аգ ģ赣ġ

ʮ

ʵԻʺ󲢲
ȻٲôԣڳԴöûһʺûйػðɣȻ黰Ҳδ˽
ѵΪԼ̫СԷ ²˳һ뵽أήҲ
޳ҲֻһӣҲ
ع·ϣźܹܺĵʵ £ȻҪȥǶ𣿡
ڱܴ£صͷ  ȥɣҲкüûˡ
ʵգҲίֻҶϾǲͬġ
ǶֵСôϲи޶ȣھĸΣһ뵽ԼͷܲԼģָֻ̿оС
ûͨһССϲ
Ӳ˵ֻһּľ룬ԭȵõ ٻ ǾͲһľˣٻסĶǽȻʺôһסĹ֮
ٻĻ԰羰ʮֵˣ԰㣬ˮӡ£ǺСͤϼһƣʮֵ⡣
ֻǣôŶ˵ͥԺôбأ
Ѿĥ񾭿ʼʹˣܹסߣʮֵת ϣ⡭⣬ǻرһµĺá
ִҪֱƿܹܵļû˲ֱѩ˼ȻҲû̧ˡ
ѩк÷׺ʮֵۣһСŮ׵ȫ·飬¶عѩϣƣΪԶҲŮ˵ʲô
⼸µ绢˦űޣδĶһصӣҲ֪˵ʲôֻǱԽ˦ԽڿлܹİԲ
´ūսսϺúñһ£˵Ҳһö
ŮǰһӱⳡѩƵģԶԶĿǽ˽̵ģǰ˵ūйߣôĿŵı׹Ůģ⻹ǵһοۡ
ѩϵĺ÷ԽԽˣôԶѪζƮɣܲסƵס˱ӣΪģֻǾԼѾŮˡ
û˽Ůˡ
ǰĻʺڵŶû˽֪ʺͻºͣҲ벻ˣɰϲ⣬ʲôأ
ˣһ˿ȥƤĲǧƪһɵıƤѡ
 ǹ
תͷߣٶ ٻԺǲˡ
ֻ̫ӻǰвεϲŭ֣ЩɵİԵҲǿɰģҶûˣʣЩʲô
쿪ʼƮѩˣԭڳĹҲ˺ѩۿȥûоͷİɫһ۹¹µվڵУ ֻڻҰ֮ϣҲûشﶼģﶼ֮
̫ھͺˡ
Ϊʮأ¼õĶӵй۸Ȩƣûȼ磬ֻϧҪģȴôá

ʮ

ůˣȻһЩϰߡ
˴ů͵ıֽҲ䵫ô˯Ҳ˯ţͷҲʹţǱ̫ҽ
ϧӹҽæ˺һӰҲ ԽԽͷԽԽʹһƢͰ̫ҽˣԼͷڱ͸ͺá
 ¡̫ڹţū˵˯ˣôȰ̫Ҳߡ ܹŵعڴϣнǡ
æӱ̽ԴҲ˲ͷң  Ͽ
ոջ߶̫ӣ̫ӾˣǴ˵ĸģʲô
ֻ˱۱ˣϺˣͷЩѩ ʡ̫ҽô˵ ӾúЩ 
ѩأůڣȽüëƺմˮ ʣ
ɣڱĨ쵽һʱԼܿˣ ĺܣٵȻᡭ 
ڨڨջ֣ڽ
ЦЦȰŪůˣصϣֶֺֻ̯õĿǣ ʣŪůˣ
ִȥůģò䣬Ѫظֿ죬ֽűţһһѣýŰѽ߹ȥһ㡣
 ڳǿ㵽֪ˡ  Ƶ еܡ
ҲΪȻذѱӴϣ ãûµġ ʹק֣Ħһ󣬡 ʣ˯̫ҽҩһҪ׼ʱȲа͵͵ǲеġ
⡭⡭˭ϲȿҩ͸ȥģ ӵıգգۣŬţ ûã˻ͷۡ
꿴Ŀ䣬ָҲڱ͵͵ƣеί ̫ҽԺҩʮֵĿ࣬˸סǹζ
̫ƺ̾˿ʮεɫ
̫ӵԶӴˣȫҷί ǺҲסˣҲס
ůҡҷڵŹƻᣬ޹޹ȻƺȻ٢鵤ҩðٱ
Ҽҩڵԭ򣬴粽ˣʮֵĿģ ǲҩô죿̫ҽ˵ʱҹѣܲáҩһһ̾͹ˣҪ´ζһȡ
 㷸ɵô ɣˣЦгһߣ ûʲôҩŪ
̫ͷ˵ˣڿЦҲһģֿɿһ¶ ǣŪ˸ʻ۶һô
һǻһŴεǵģ̲ס̫ӵĺڷп˵
 ˻õ 
һ˵飬һȴĵ˽ңȫҵԽĲ԰ΣģҵůʵѵãⲢζɥʧǡ
ɣֻó̵ľͷקԴǸ յԴʹòڻĻҵԲǡ
پҲ֪ԼﰵӿʲôЦмֵֻζͷָ⣬ ˵˾ͲܷˣԣɼšҲС
û׹ĵطʮֵУսͺεشָ⴫ϣҪ£Ҳǣ־÷ǳס
 ˡߵ㡣 һ䡣
ƺѾгˣ Ͳˡ 
Ȼҹߡ
ֱ̫ʮֵãĸ һ˯ϼûзѪҰûг˺ʧٵĲ£Ϊο
һ˯˳ıۣӢԴŵߣеĳ
ԽǶ࿴һۣԽ˳Ϳܰůˣǰôأ
ôĺӣһġ
۸һԼĶӣҲǲԵİɣţ˰ѳҵգûʹʲôأ৵ۣǻһЦˣ ʡ㡪
ŵصֶ˶Ŀʼж ֻǡȣ󶼲ô
̴˯⣬˲䣬ֱۻԺ ããξΡ
ʮʹģ ˣôô̰˯
ĥߴŲ𣬡 ˶ɡʣһϣö˯ᡭ
ɣԣԿƤǰ
 ҪȥԣҪһȥ𣿡 껹ǰͷϣʵ
  ô䣬ͷˣŲҪȥǡ˵ԣ뵽ʱʮգɴ˸սϻάŵķȣ ȥˡ
û¡ȻʱЩֻ׺˫׻ǹġ  ֧ӣµĿЦЦ θʿɲˡ
һʲôûУ̫ӾǼҪԼȥġ
ѹЩŵӺѹ͵ͳڶƻ  ʣǸ˭

 һֱڽ֡
ۣߴ˴ߣ֪ΪʲôûϴεıŭȻԺƽ͵ؿڣ ǹ˵ĺѣţֿѡǻЩѵġ
 Ǹڲ𣿡
һǸʮֱܻ䣬컹Ǻƽ˵˳ ǣˣȥˡ
̹ǺҸ£ӱһƽ͵Ľ֮ǰŪġ
Ҹþһ͸ˡ

ʮ

ʮֵĲɣԤгˡ
Ųþʹ̫Եʱ򱻺ҧֱ۵Ϣ˵ƲҲ˲Ѫֳ̫ҽŵúӷɫס
ֱۻ䣬ʮů֪ǲǷˣǻ￪ʼŹɷ²죬ֲ֪ηй֡
ûһᣬ̫ӵѪȻõͿԿʼѪˡ
򿪴ĺӣʢһڰ׹ǣĿתصǽɭɭȻİ׹ǣ޲ýԹ޹ĹͷϣѾûʲôˣôҪһأ
Щⶼߣþ͡ңͬνһڻԶա
ֻҪһ仰ѡӾͻġ
ֶԲڡҷ̩ɽһʳѪͳһǴ
£Ҫʼˡ ڽǰɫȻ׵ýûѪɫ̧ ¡ҪѪ
µ񣬾ǼϣòˣɣЩĥ䣺  Լ
ϸС˹ŽȻ˺һ󣬾²֣ôã⻹ǵһԼԼе㡭޴֡
С¿࣬˺ŻţԼԼʵǡ
վ࣬ŴԳ͹ĴѪĽЩļؿŻʵ۱ȱǲѪ
 ¡еġ ʵ̲סѣ Ҫ΢һ㣬һ㡣
 ˡ ƺһţ ԨҪ֡
ʵǴˣҲ첻˰
΢ϸ۴Щҿ ΢ҡ
ˡ ָ쵽ǰߵ۳صĿӣרص 
ӾȺСָ롪
ָСһ£ ׼ѹŪ̫ʹ
겻Դǣֻǳȱ֤˵ ʹġ
룬ٶ롪
ּŵ޳ָƿƲסĶˣƫƫŻʵ۵ϳɵı飬ʮֵĲ
 ޷ɡ ˫У΢΢̧ͷ°ͣɴ۲Ϊ
£һֱ 꿡㵽Ϣе⣬ ΢ûֵġ

ѪڻȡˣѪν˽̫ӵѪǽڰ׹֮У˵ߵѪϣѪ߽ܿڣΪˣȻ
ļţһͻɤĳû˵ڵİֿ¡
ĽԺգգһ£ܿģǵѪεϴİ׹ϣƵģ˲УǼ׹ɼЩ΢죬ѩ÷ɫ
 ˡ
Ȼ׹ߣԼʲôʣˣҲ֮ɳ龻ֻʣƤڣﲻϵĻطǾ仰
ˣǾζšӲģ
Ȼ䣬ڶϱ𣬡 ¡ѪҲˡ
ѪӣҲؿ϶ΪһĹ̲Ѹ٣ɣֻоԼղŲٴֻ˹ˣӱֻص˼䣬ͬ㱵Ǻһͬˡ
͵ˣʵ̫Щ
ѴҲЩͷԡ
̫ӣܲ
 £ҪǺã
Ŀ־廹Ųӣŵò֪룬ǻӿĶ죬ֲµأʹͣ໰ʹУԽʹ
ϾȨƸ󣬴Ӳȱʲô ȻİЩקϰʧȥץסŵĿ־
ԣҰοֻǳеᣬһΨһĶӣܱȵܸɣʱֵСƢҲܺá
ûܰ۱Ŀȫǡ
Ҫסʲôͱ븶Щۡ
µǶģһ һһ˵ £͵Ϊֹ
ĬĬؿĿͣڽںһѪϣΣ£ ˡ 
ׯεֻׯܣν࣬˶
һѾռˣԺǼݱҲǲġ
Ϊһ֮˽ڣԴС̵壬ͬʱ˵ģ޹޹ȻĿУסԼĳɾ͸С
ǰûڲͬˣú̫Ӽλһƽ˳
ǳͺˡ
 ֪µģˡ Źŵ꣬Էͷ Ԩˡ 
΢΢ЦˣֱͦıĽëõһĲʻ滭  Ϊ·ǣ΢  ĩˣƳŵŴͷ Ҳ˵ġ
ģ򲻻һʱ
ֻǲԼѡ

⣺꣬ޡ

Ӿڴ
һ֮˯㣬ߺСԶӻӣ˵ߡ
ء
˯¼ۣȻһóϡ
Сۣۿ㣬ǹʦݡ
ɣԲɵ˺һӺűУ ˡ
ֶû³վͱԷһסӴ˶٣ɣӲǽʵ۵ĺ⿨
 ʲôУٽаһſ С˵
СʵһۿͺˣҡͷֱţˮСϱһͷ
һҡ˼£Сʵ۵Ҳҡһš
 ءء ʮֱݡ
ݵ Ҷˣ֪ŷɣ
ءء
ͯһСŵģȾ˳ʣ 㲻֪ͰһſţȻӵǸƿҡһҡ˶ˡ
Ŀˣҧ촽ͷʹͷ޹Էš
 Ǻúӡ
 ˡݶģᶣġ ӱˣẦġ
ŷССӰ
 㡭㲻ǲܳ𣿡 һһڳ±⣬ѿڶʣ ˵ʵʮֺڣϺͣ ˡ˵ģû˼
ŽͷСȥһǰۡ
Сʵҡͷ ĺġءá
ݼйͷģҿеʮרҵ˷һ㾫
СʵۻһԾµĲԼһ˼ҲûС
 ǳʱ򣬵ȻҪ⡣ Ա˾ͣϵĻңһ˼̻˲ںģ ûûûʦҲԣʦүҲԣʲô𣿡
Сʵ죬ߵ ˵
СŶ ֮ݣҪͷġ 
СʵƶǶװŶ
 еģҪ𣿡 ṦмֻʮɵľͶ˼ڻʵǰ
 ˡ˲ܳԡ ӣĿĴӵƿ
˸Сڣ ţ
˵˲ٳԵˡʵ˵ĺ ʱ򻹲ղŵвһлĻʵִš
Ĳԣ ƮƮ
 ֽСϸ˵ĺΡ
Ĳԣ ˿ڣбۿԷſˮ Ȼ㲻ԵĻ
ղŻСƵСʵ˫õдһ˿ Ҫԡ 
һȥһϵĴһ̾ ˵ĲǲӦٳˡ

ݴͳ־̬Ÿ߹ĵ˹ȥ ԣѱߵӡȻϻͱӿе
ģظûŻӵĴ㣬ҲûС
 ιιваҴˡ
Ϊӷģ󻹺Ĳһ䣺ܰСҧɽʹӦûûôͰɣԱġ
ڶɣŶӣĻܴݲеʮ޹
 Ϊޣһʲô ʵ۹εһ߿Ѹٿۣһʡ
θ֮ԣ ⡪Ⱑ
ˣ÷
ء
ôˣ
 ʹʹʹ
մī֭ıʣ۲˼ۣȷװʹ󣬲Ƣ ǲ͵Զˣ
ء
 ˵ʲôҪٳԵ㣬ٳԵ㣬ܱʳҪнơǲв̫ҹ
ǡ
ǰӼ߰ߣǲЧģĺһᱻɵĳԵ
 ءҲˣҲˣ˱֤̰Բ̰졪ء
һվ鷿һ۾һίű飬Ÿղʱµĳͷ
Ҳˡ֪ˣһ̰ˡء
Ҳ֪Լ˶ãһڶ𣺡 ڷɵ˰
ɣһҲҵǸһĹʦ ֻʵ档
 ǡұ֤ʮ飬ܡҳԶ
 ǿϧˡ ݹ̾һܿϧӣ ǱߵϷ˸Сѣ÷ۿСʮֵζ
С ҡͷ 岻׼ҳԶء廹׹ˡ
 ģζһûԹɡ

ȻûȤˡ С̵תװҪߡ
ȡȵȣҲҪԡ
Сʵ۲ȵ飬գŷۣɸǣߣ۸ӡ
 Ȼ㸺۷ߣҸȥŪۡ
 Ү𣿡
ǰҲ˭ֻҪȥЩ۷ͺˡ
û۷䰡
û£ʲôġ

ʮ

ʱ䶨»û꣬Ȼ˳Լ˽ģǾ͸ɴһ˳׺ˣҹζࡣ
Űָĺָ˳Ϊʱ̫ãĨҲܲðΣⲻָˣʹ˺üֿˡ
̫ŷԼƵķ࣬һհֽͬöָ˽ȥ
 ٶȽֽ̡ Ըĸ
ֽڵıԪ˧һūСӵ±פر߽Ԫ˧ɱ˵еҪ࣬Ƿܺ˼ҲֻֽŶԲغ»йܡ
ӻʳǵ߽ţӱ޵ĻҪʱ䡣
ǽλˣϾȨĽӲǼ򵥵¡
̫ʱ޹һ޵ʱŲˣСҲɵ̫ȥˣ˶ԵöʧĶǱȽϿݵģܰû˿ֿ
˵Ҫģ䲻ɢθУҲߣģѾܺˡ
վǰѺӸסˡ
Ԥޱ֣ڻ˯̧Ƥһ
 ʣֺС Цţ䶼õġ
ӱǼ䲻мغ˯ Լ̫ˡ
˵Ŀʵ̬ͱ׼ʱҲ޳εģֻ̫˵ԵЩһǿһⶼǳѪԵ̫ãԵġ
ڶ̫Ѿ谮Ѿһ߶ȲˣҲûʲôֵģˣ˶ŮҲûʲô÷ļˣ̫ӲϲҲ˳źӵ˼ˡ
ҡ˯ĸϻҲʵͦΪ˵ġ
ܺͳȥѾˣһ£ֽҲʱ̻ؾˡ
˲üãĵȴ࣬ɭ˶һ·Яģ֪ͼξұ࣬󾫣λ˰뱲ӣʶŵı»
ȵɭؾͿֱȨӵˣλ¾ϵ̫ãó粨ÿ쵶ն飬ţȨһ˳Ҳǳ䶨ˣһ棬Ц˿ޣҲûа취¡
˵⼸նûô̫ӣ˵ģͦġ
еʳ֪ζ˯ȵ˼ˣС˼ȻȻĲ£˵һ䣬µʵǹµˡ
ԺλˣӻôТ˳ͺˣ˯ѵϣôţһֱҲô˸ԺﰤʱҲô㡣
֪ǲǶ俪ʼʹˣܾЩ죬ΪУܾЩ꣬޵Ĵ޹һŵʱ˯ⶼ˼֣űӣʣ ͷôˣֵġ
ȴûκ˻Ӧ
Žţ ˲±ֱ˴徻޹ֹסﴮɣͿ˺üû޹мֹɭɭģ֪ﴵĺʱǧƵ˿ʴ÷
ƺЩɣ˳۾ĵһ׹ޱֻصϣ¹Ⱥŵıӡ
ȻעǦƵģ޷Դ
Ĭţ͸Сʱ׽ԲһһʼֻϧһֱǱץ
ûãнŲһһ̤޹ĵذϣȽ۶ܿǴѪӡ
ɣ㱵ؿվǰ꣬кüûһӢˣխӲʣԴװҲܺÿ彣ɱ⹳չɽ
꿴ⰲŵŹӻͳһöָ
ֻĬȻ̫ȡöָȻİִӱǣ˳Ȼѽִָصϡ
ཻЦЦ ָʻǴŵĺá

ֽؾʱˣǸϲˡ ˵ķƵмֵָҷİ⵽ڿĳţе𱸵ζ ɽôСĵ㡭
ľȻĵͷָţŰȶȺý߿֣Լرֺܿڵۣƣıۡ
Դʮַ룬 ʵαôżıƹأ²Լĺֻ˭
Ǿ仰棬Ҳν˭Ե˭֮ǰЩ£û֪ǰ˵Ժ˵ֻżҲеεζϣ̫һôȥ
ֻ飬Ѿûˡ
ɤӣֵ̬ڵ ⹬ˣź˼ʮˣ͵к֮£һ
ɲΪ̫ڽŵմŵѪѪ
ɫЩŹ֣üͷһֱţǺƽһºֹͣʺȻЩϰߣȪ羰õĶ࣬ʻϲġ 
ֹסʮ꣬羰Σϰˡ
̫ڵ Ҫ ƷʲôʱúЦ̫ĺڷ ĳˡ
֮ǰ˽սãʹ࿴ȫǰ׷ˡ

 ˵ã㻹ǲŹˡ һ룬;мֱ²ں䣬 ʲôʱԲǹ ĸס ҡҡͷʮֵĿЦ ϱǷĸʲô
ɫ΢䣬ͫɫʶȥ 㻳ҲĹ⣬Բʮǰ¡ ԳҲ˰ŵĶ𣿡
ûзϣϹȻûв͸ǽ
ЩܼģʲôĶȫȻԺ󣬷ίСűڴǰߡ
 ȻңΪʲôҪôáʣʮǰ£Ҹı䲻˵ġ ۿģ˵ Բ˲ңΪʲôҪıѣ
ЦЦͷǾúܻƣ ʶģĸǰģв𣿡
羮 Ҳִ㴦ңţΪ ʼղǵһġ
 ô֪ǣ
սȭͷʵģЩԱҧ Ҹоõ

 ԣʲôֶΣҶҪߡ ΢һֻžѹڴϣ˳ưѹڴ䣬ָǶŵģü仹һƬ
 Բ㣬Ҳġ Ӳս֣ʮָ۵Ⱥ죬 Ҫһᣬʡ
ûв͸ǽҲû͸ȫǽǽںǽˣʶЩҪƫ
֪̫Ǵ̽һЩϢҲ֪Ѫ߶ڣ֪ԼѾסˡ
Ȼᣬźźɵġ
ϵ꣬ƲǱ죬 
ץָס
ɮ붨㣬 
ôƿӣֻ˵һ䣺 ȥĶȡ
˳ߴϿȥԵĻͷ
޶Եض˶ƤЩ̣ ﶼ¹ˣֶβɣ
 Ǹ˼
껹Ƿ彣ҺǸСϻȡ˳ֽӹǸ۵СľϻӣĿбӵָѷȻٰöָŵϻм䰼ȥĻ
걣ʵĳĬʵҲغˣʲôУԼĺӣĸʲô˼ء
ɳҲԸðŷƹ֮ǰԺϸ꣬ܳ׾ͱˣ㲻ͬЩӰۣҲһ˺ˡ
گһӣ̿ڵϣ¶ɫӡģͷţ촽΢ɫԽԽ
 
ԥһ£Ƕ¾ãָͷΪͶ¸˼£ָⷢס
һ䣺 Сĵ㣬ˡ
ûдڶλگˣʵҲ˵˭˭ԣÿÿ˵Ŀ־̫ӵʱ򣬾ӦԤϵ³
Լ⵽ʲô˴ϾôʵۣǶҪǳãҵǻҲǷնġ
бһۣɣҲ˵ԼﵽǸʲôζп࣬ᣬƣİ궼һһгӣըһԼҲóʲôˣķ£ֻ㹦ʧô顣
Ͼ̫˵һôܰ۵Ը
 糯վɣˣ¡
ŷʼգӵһ챻Σһ糯ҪԲ˳ʼķȣܲΪЩ¾ʧ

ʮ

ŷʼգӵһ챻Σһ糯ҪԲ˳ʼķȣܲΪЩ¾ʧ
´ĹŮ̫ǲ֣ϾվͭǰһƽģҲվߣƵͭ
ҲǸϸ»ǰЩϹŮǣվŶ˳˯׾Ͳͬˡס ڸӰ£ע⵽СŮֶʼˣϵĽ˺һûá
  ӹ̫ŵ
 Ҫ Ȼǧ֮껹Щ΢˵ɫڿнӲһ˲ûټʲô
ұ࣬վ࣬˵ûѹƭ˵ģֹ˵󶼷ǳʮȻʱҲЩСԣĵҲΪԶʧɫ
΢°ͣ˫ſŮǹ°ڣͭ˿۵ĿģάŽеķϡ
ֱͦ˱һԼЩ
Ȼһм̺ϣȴ֮һϴϣֱӰ̫ӵ޹ǽǵĻƿֱӺԣ͵һп޵İ衣
קصۣմϱҪٱؼֱ˲ѵĵز ǲᣬ׼ģֻĵʱ򣬷Ȼ֪Լ˵֮ʣʲô
Ψһᶼʧ
һֱٻĲ٣ַ۸ˣҸԺΪýŵϵѪѪζȴȻϵζЩԡ
ɣԼʮֿɳܣ㣬ǵۣ涪ˡ
߳΢¶µĿﲻɱĻżʱǰѪζѾȫף Ѿĺܸɾˣһɧҵĺۼ
ºڷߣɱ˲۰ӭˬ磬ʮĸ̾һ䣬Ȼ΢عӡȾУżѣȽ̤Ų
ЩˣʵֲۣԸϱƹλǧŶõİ취ʸΪ̫ϻʣһɱȫʸ棬һֿԶסеڿڣʮֱЧ
̫ϻʣȻǺҲֻе˲֪ˡ
ǰҲ˺üλ̫ϻʣЩͽ죬Щտʿܵ˵඼ƽġ
ƾĶۣڵӱǰҲûʲô仯Դöǰÿ𴲣ʲôʲôʱ򣬸ȪľɫĳֹǺ̫ˣ ϸʱ̵꾰ǳԵ ܷΧƣ 봲ĴһƬĴɫÿһۣͿԿڴŵ֬㣬ϼ
ôӣǰϣĻҪģ ˶ʻЩ
ֻǿǿĿڣϲµš
Լʣ֪ҵӿûôùҪô̶̵ʱҪٳ͢£·ģڵµ˲ƣҲǼܷ¡
ƿͺúùŰɡ
ϻʱ¡ϻʱ¡ 
ɣİĳƺлع񣬹С̫ġ
 ϻʱ£ڵء С̫ Ѿ˺ܾˡ
Ŀ⣬ 
ͳҶ֮٣ϾڻǰĺúõģǹҲ˿û䣬˫ںڳίƣۿ
֪ܲ΢࿴һĶӰ
һܱźŵ˶һѵصȥˡ
 ˽л˿ˡ һۺջߣز
΢΢ЦŰѲ˹ жţ軹Щ̡ 
ĿǹĪŵðˣһ䣺  ͷ
һ٣Ȳ͹˳ֱϣ߶ûһľˣЩƣ㲵ҲӲסˣ  ù˿ôСĵ㡣
꽫ϣ־øɾϵˮ û£һͺˡ
ĸߴ󣬼ܿ۴ϸӢͦ߹ʮֵʺϣ̲סֶ࿴˼ۡ
£ҲѡĲԶ¶ʧ䣬߶˵ȮԼٿͻᱻ߿
ֽ£Ҳܿڽ㣬ֻƤļϲӿƤӲûɤĻ˻ȥ
ⴺ縡󣬵һɼž
ãվ
Ķȣģ鶯
 ʣͶֱŤˡ ӣŷعӱϣץ֣ ͵˴ԭһΣòã
ڸҪԭ£ȨһһϾֻʣһϹͷˣֳ˳Լϥϣ һ   㡣
ɫҪַйƵץӵķ֡
ԼҲ˺Ӿͻ֪ĸҲôġ ɣΪѵĴ۾ ֲֺã㵱ܶ 
㾡ĵΪӿǣͷԷһ飬ƽΪ˳ǲ͸ģɳ󻹲ΪһСľͰ˳ȥ
 ҲĹ⣬᲻ң
˶٣ؿЦʣ ɹ˵𣿡
һ£ȭڿڱߣ
 ˲㣬گ  һ¾ЩѪ˳Ȼֲ  Ϊϵǵĵز𣿡
Ӳ ǸʣҲܰϣȫϣ޾ԣǲһġ

 һ⣬пҪ뿪㡪 ϸֳ֮ɫ գһð𡣡
ȷϣڱϣų֮˲Ż£ǾƫԼİգһȴΪӪ־ڹƼ䡣
 ʣھԼ˸  Գĳ죬ЦЦǿƵվ빪ֳߣȦס̬üޣ۴ ϧںҲûˡ 
һÿɷͷϵĹӰţжԷı顣
ͷϥϣۣ ʣϢᡭ
 Ҫ˯Լعȥ ͷսս˵
̫ˣͷȥûһ˯ˣӢһֻǶ˵ƣ룬µӰǶûϢˡ
ĺĻ˽ļϣųһƱ˵ʮֵĺЦû꣬ﻹųҵģֻͷܻ˵ЩԼƲסĻ
Щ飬Ҳܶͷ黨СĵزգĴжͷТǺܺ
Իʺĳ춼ȻôͶԳҵôƽأⲻԼ磬ˣ˼ƽЩ£Խ۲˵ؼû˼
οǰľܶʱ򣬶Ա˿ݣǶԼᡣ
ţҲȻˣַԴϣԼҡ绨У˯⽥ǰڡ

ʮ

ڰֻһĵ¹ڡ
 ˵ôҺң 
 ˭㰡㵱ĸʲô֪
ǺصƲ㣬ʮֲıԹ ɽˣ˵ɡѵóһξô˷ˡ
һβͲݣڲݴбһƳں ô·˵ۣС˥С˭İҿû㡣
 㡪 ֪Է̲ס 㵱Һôϴ˵Ҳźò׸ġ 
ѹԼֱۣŰǹⶼûеҹ С˱ô㿴ɽʱҲͦĵİڵСС覴ʲô
ɣһҰӵϣ ҳһκѵġ
Ļ٣һֻһλᣬÿǶԼƫƧС棬ʱⱦ󣬵˾ǰЩʱ仨ڴ֣ԳԺȺȣϡ
֮䣬ֵҲַǳѵõȤ
˹Щ飬³еĹβͲݣ̾ ǰүүСҾһʯ캬ξξ顪 ɤӺ˼䣬գļģĲ۽ǣ
㡭ҡ ԶǸ϶ԷĽ࣬ôġ
ȻûиԼݣԷҲͨżҵүʶһ࣬Ҳֲ֪˽ˣֱˬʮֵİ
֪ǾʿҲ̫һֱʱ·ЩǣϲЦŭԶΪ̸ЦһһȤ¡
Щ˵һֱԵĵȵɢȥƼ¡
ɣҲѧƽڲݴԼ䣬̵Щʹƺ˼󷴶ϰˣҲ̫ѹײײȻһ˹Ц ι
ֱֱҹգ 
 ˵һӺֵ𣿡 ƤЦģ˷һźƤ
 Ȼ԰ΪʲôУ Ȼʱ棬ĺĺ
ЦøƤˣһҰɦգһɦһЦ Ҿ°۸ˣֲҡ ҿˡ 
 ɦǿˣ硣
С ſӲݴſſġ

 û£н㡪 Цͷ С
 㡭Ȼôĥߴ ܲϰ߰
ֵ ˵ʵһͦģǰɣ
һ̶ȣʲô˵ˣȣ
ɽˮ²ڣԶûǿģôġ
ЦҲܳĵ˵ ҲܿİСģлˡ 
ϡ¹¶ţ˽Ƣ˵ͻĺܾ٩ںȻһһӾ΢ԽԽůͣͫ￴ԼССӰīͫģϤȻǸģԼԽԽ󡪡߼䡣
Ȼź̲סָԼģĿ
ָͭźûϤʵپʵ˼ʮ꣬Ҳû뷨ˣ˿˸⣬;
 £ѾˣҪڸ𣿡 ղΪͷ̫໹ᣬԴ
ϻʵ£ڿϰųȥţȥμӰٻٹǣˣҲôһԼò״̬
ô㾫񶼻һһйջٺõƤҲֻȥջطھϵ֣ƼŮŵĺɫԺΪ󣬴׵׵ֻǸԡ
ѵõģԵᾫЩһأ˵»ʲТ˳Ҳǰʧӡ
 ȥһģ˲ɫ
ŮǸæȥȡ˼ѡ˼Ƕ˿ۣʮֵϲ󣬿ϧһϣֻòײ࣬ǰװӲ׵ϡ
ɫǼ仨ˮıߣţȴʧ֮ٿôôһʧƻ߱ɥĿ档
 ˣǸղǼˡ
òľˣ˾ͱЩеûˣأ˭ָ˵ʲôء
ðɣֻǲڳǰԵ̫ǣ̫̬ڽǲʣ϶ʧ
Ѿʼ˺һˣˣ䣬һɸƽȴΪĵȻֹ
ڼΪƤɨ۹Щæ¹ˣֱֱǰϯλϣоƱЦ΢¶ַס
 ʣһֱڵ ҽſ޴۵ڣָɦģϻһϣûֳϳ֣ҲɵˣЩС
ƲߣаٹףǵһֳϣȻҲǵһμλ̫ϻʣһ࣬Щп
 ǰˣ˻ˣð һЦһ£ڵλڳҵԱߣǰûʲôֻǡ
ǸɲԱɦצˣ
ƤɲƤþȾƱųֱۣʮֳסĿбӣһ͸̬
ӣҪΪ˿͵ЦסᣬŶпˮƤֱ ˴ԱԼδĹŮǰ˻ſ࣬ԣܿԵԼŮϲġ
¸ĸİǰΪ˳ҵĻ²͸ģ˦ƹͱˡ
һҲҵĸϻôأһ뵽ǻı޷Щݴ
ڵˣһľȶЩ¶ǺƢЩʢ±ֱ˦ŵ֣۹ŶԷ
ӢϲɽҰ޹֣һТ ʣ˵ˣǶˡ
 ˲ܣ ԸߣҺ˿Ҷµûע⵽λ˵İӿ
ʵ ǸҪ˭ܣ˶˭չ 
  Ѫԣսţ𻨼ҡ
һ䣬 ţ˵ˡ
ϰŵĵˤµأɣֳϣεȵ˦𣬲ٹٹǵĿһƬž ˣлعˡ
Ųʱ˵Գƣû취£ʮϰһʱòʵ˵̣£ͷͷƱã˷ˡ
ɵԭûֻѡ

ʮ

óڲߵжôƶ񤣬߳ŭϯŲ鸡ƵԶСϣһ˳硣
⣬ɫʮ
¡ ̬ϤͷһӰΡΡ߳һƷۣ΢գة̺ء
ѾЩͨһ͹˵ϣ £ϳԲ
ƾ㣬ϰŶںߵĴʯͷϣ ⱲӣԵˣţҲԵˣԱˣȥɡ
ҲμӲ˶ٴˣɣܴȵ롣
⼸±ڸȪҲǲ²˭˳һ֮겻ô˳ľ͵ǻλõˣֻЩ˰־ǧӲǲϷϡ
ſڵϣȫƲס΢΢ Ȼʺиϳϳ񡭡
ᷳĻӻ֣Ļ ЩеûģҪǻǵǵоͲҶƹŶⶼ˿Ƽԡ
Գ󣬻֮ ԼҪΪ˭˭ͻһֱǵ㣬˵ģؼҶ񡭡ܹڡ
θ֮ԣҲΪ͢ʮıˡ
ϳʰһ߿ͷһߵ ϳľôˡ
ԸкЦ˼ ʲôòĵأȻʵһ·㣬㣬ȨѧҲ࣬𾴣ĵ㲻⣿˼ǵǼӶгϢТ˳ϰʼղǼ£ȨֵȷǺãûˣҲǻȥ
 Ͱɣվ˵ġ
ȰˣԼǰ˸صȪҡҡǱҲ֣ⶼˡ
඼ڹģֻһĿһˡ
˯ã䣬о˹ۿ˭Ŭ˺öζʧˣֻǸѡ˸ȽƣŶԷ·˼
˯Ѽоǵȶձϣָоϲģ޷ܵĻ巢ȣͷԷΣһƬ
϶Լһ ɫξɫǽϣϲ뽹ĺֵܣƺ·ֹȴ޳բƵģҲĴ
ߺ˺ܲ˼ô߶ȵѰɴûԹ Ļû
е㲻ͷﲻͷأ
಻ţȻҲ˷ӳ κûֹģԷŨأ춼ǹĹ𻨾Ƶζ𻨾Ƶζƺǣ壬ϯʱĸоϤİİ뿪ڽͣ
ȻҲɵ ȥˡ
ѹϵİ˸ߣȵȡǵֱô
λƵĵطȻֹڴˣĳİĳ ʮãȻ޴룬оȻξ̫ʵԵʣֱѹµΪջ𣬵۳ֻƺûκãԷ䱾
ˡ䣬ɣýʣһ˿ԼǲǸýƳիˡ
ɣʱ˺ܳ߹̶ߣĹϵͷʹѣ촽ɺԣֽҲĲУ  ±ӹЩУ˲䣬ףƺʲôѹԼŬƫͷͿ߻һˣǺϣͷ󾱱ߵĽ
̫Ϥ׺ͲϤһκͿɣȷԼûۻ軨йɷǳ־ĻƸ֮ѻ궼ûˡ
껹ڳ˯ûѾ仹Ź𻨾ƵĲ㣬ζǸƹξŶ˶
İĶʹֲۣδµĺӣǸΣȻʹôġ
ûʵ
ǰûЩĹǻᱻµĻʵ빬ŪĳϾЩ˱ЩҪǿ̫ˣҲĹʣЩ£Ҳֻ˵ѣȻҲЩѵĻӻŮǿδԼҲ䵽־ء
Ǳ꣬и޸ɡ
ҵı䣬Ժۣ˯⻹࣬ۺʪţҲеֲ飬Щ
е㷴ӳˣֽڶݵ޴һ ʣ
 ɫĺۼ־õûˣ֪δһӸ治ʲô˻øϷ˵Ĵʻ㶼ͣʮǰѽ̸Լϡ
ı۾ʹɣǶ»ʼҰķǿ޺ǰͷҵӢ꣬šüëһһɤʣ 㡪ѹ˵Ůˣ

ʮ

ǰ꣬šüëһһɤʣ 㡪ѹ˵Ůˣ
ֺ죬ҡҡͷ ǣġ
ȫʹüԣֱͦͦڴϣ  ǷҪ˵̶ֳ𣿻ʶûжԲĵط
ѳҵͷ⣬ųţڿ֮Ҳˣ˶ˡ
Ǻ˾ʧ˿ƣ ֣ҲԼĸס
 ӡ ˣĻ²һ䣺 
ѾˣµĴҲֻˡ
Լ̫Ѩͷɵһ˿ңֻ汻ץѪ۰߰ˣƽϢź Һȶˣû󸸻ʵͬ⣬Բ𡣡

ŵԼ֣¶һȰԵ糣 Ҳڵġ
 ˲֪ŮѾϡȱ̶ֳˡ ý̱Ƶı鵭
ܱ˵¡ ҿһѱѵõ̹ϣ  ŮٶҲҵ£ֻһѡ
ǶãԷû׵ĴսС
һ벻ûõʹС
ŵģѹŵ ں䣬һɹɵھ࣬ ʣ ˵Һõġ 
 ˾ȥʺѡӣôߵġ
ԼˣӣʮֱЦЦ
㱻̣껹ƫִ̹׵£  ֻһ˫֣Ȼֻܱһˣû
ӡһζԼСУæֿۣЦˣ˭ϣڻ俪أ
Ҫȥԡóҹȥź˸ǲҪϺװ׵ģҪΪƤԺ˲ιҲνóⱲ´Ϲͷʼɶַɶ
Ƶ£ϱĵطĺʹֻҪʹɣ֪ں濴ӲԸͷŲӳԡȥ
С߲ˡԭʹĸܣѹֵꡪ
ԭûбӦģֻǱӦˡ
ҲǣҲǵվڴм䣬ǰԨǻԽʹۿǱﲻסĺˣһ߳һȥۣʮǿ
ɺĽŲҴӺ汧סҲů͵ġ
 ҴǶ ҲЩˣƵģı úúţǲǻʹȻһͻõ㡪
ͷǺţͲ۾ԽԽ죬ԽԽ
ԽԽºݣ ᲻ʹҡ̫ˡ
òװۿߵ˻ȥɣҰ ùʲôĿȥڣˡʹˣˡ
ûˣûˣϱӵŻǳ¡
Ұ˷Žˮմʪ˽ñ߱ߵСȥźıϹŮǻϸġ
 ڣ Σֲʶǡ ϴͷ꣬ ˺ˣʲôȵأЩλȹ𣿡
ڣˮУʹȥ˲١
˰꣬ ȥ
ЦЦҡҡͷϴͷԹԵĵ  Щλǲϲģʡ
 ҲظЩڿʶͿʼҲֻƵóҿЩ뿪
ϧûá
Ҹϴͷ µë̺صϣԹ޻ģȫȻͬ
ʮϸĵĸĨɽŲˮ飬ݽѸ̧ѾЩĽţӢ˹ȥҴֲƺһűǼ䣬ɫ΢࣬ͷֹסѪ
ЩйԳƺɨѡ
úصϣַŵЩ ԭʵͦ󡭡 Щ𣿡
 ɣ嶶Ųڱ
Ҹűͷ˳˵ ʣڻЩλ񷨲һ㰮ġ

ֱ׵ĻģԨ
ֻһѣʡ 
ľ־壬մˮĽ㣬ԼĴߣƵ̧ͷֺ۾ԳŻԹ
ֻϧûһͷײľ׮ϵӡ

ʮ

봩ԴҲ벻ΥĸǴѿ̶ԽԽġ
ĶۣǸƤǺܲ ֲŮϵҲûеģ ҲСˣ˾ûлˮһ֡
ֽȶǴأ
ֻǶŪĻȫûбҪĥ˵ӶȥˣҲóһûŤ̶ֳȣҳ˼ЩֶκЩΪЩǸꡣ
ȴԼϸŪ˴
ɣһͷͿԿ仹ǺۣӲͷƤ˼£ǺԱߵƤҲһˡ
һй˹ط䣬۷ſգһɵ̬
 ϻʣҪĶˡ
 šš¡ ĵط̵ģ˵Щ˳ˡ
ƤӰϷĿǰΨһǲóߣúһоʼǳʿ־ĸ 
˼ǾĸˮΪ֮УԼҶϸȥ͹ȥⲻܱȰ
ڱ˴ԶԶƼһڵӰܾͣһ紵ݶ䣬ԽԽԽԽȻ ԭˣҲڵء
ƤӰȻֺƵԱһ ʣҲ̶ɡ 
ŶŶֻıܳ嶯ֻŲŲطûɫ  ⲻģҪġ
ԽûûƤ˳ҲŲŲȫƻζ
״ưǸСƤӰӢ̵ºЦ⣺ Ǹ㡣
ɣձƨƣڶֻõͷקŵƤӰˣԡЦƵĿ£յֱð̣˲ζмԽԽ֮ơ
ҲŲ˹ȥЦڴüҼ䣬 ʮ޹ӣ ʣӣĶ۸ˡ

ֽŲõոʧ˺һ쳱ȥӲ ˲֪ôУµֵز𣿡
 ţ㸸ʱȽҪ㣬ЩҲˡ ҳ¶һĵЦȻص̧ϵƤӰˡ
 ʣⶫôģ
Ū˼£ƫƫҪ죬ŪС֨֨죬Ǽȫɢ
ʹĮƳһ۹ȥ
һ˶٣¶ԥεĵЦݣ ʣⶫЩʵɢˡ档
 ĿɿڴؿŵɢһصĲ壬Լװ޹Ķӣ ˭棿 ҪȥĵطڹǰΣ
ɢһصƤӰһǽϹͷˣֻȶաʲôֻһӣֻТ˳ͺáʲô
еΪ˸϶ǳƵﱻ̣ˡ
ҺƢĳ֣ʱССץסڣ ҵȻǸ޺á
 ˭ϡޡ ҧ촽߷ߵ ֱŵģ
ҶĴȮһȻڳӣһɣҲ֪˵ЩʲôɴһԲصϡ
 һĵġ ̾˿ָʰϵĲ壬  ֻҪ˵Ҿ͸á
Ϊ˼Ҷϲ־ûС
 糯ʼִλػ֪ɡ 
Ȼ䣬һһתԭĿһӱȣ֮Ѹ̾Ϊֹ
ȻƣɹļһĿص˹ȥ
ķĵգգЦδ۵ף ȻֻҪᵽˣʲŻۿһۡ

ʮһ

Цδ۵ף ȻֻҪᵽˣʲŻۿһۡ
Ѿˣ ǰҲ
 ߵĶˡ ˵Ϭ絶ɤӣ ̺Ѿûʲô;ˣŶۡ

ⲻģǡô˴Ρ
΢ҵ ʣΪʲô
Ͼһִģһֱϣ⺢ڹٳһ·ߺãҼȻӣǾġ
ԷѵûȤЦ ǸˣȻ;ƫЩ ʱʺϵˣңǷҵģܸҸỹ 
 ǴԳϵ£ǹ˵˼Ҳֻѡ
 һֱϲ࣬ ά֪  ˹ͷϴôĲԸ ֻǺֵøô 
ǺЦˣأѵһ߲ŲʲɣĪĴú֪ܲνο˵ϲ˵άԳһ۰
ڿ˵ϲȻ͵ô֪ԭĽôһ¡
 䲻㣬ôڡ ЦøӿЦ ٶ֪ͼ㿴ԼʣЩʲô 㸸ףûǰɣ 
 ۡ
  ףܣĿ𣿡
 ˵ϲˣ˵۹ˡ ĵ ˻ô꣬û˷
ҼĬţɫƽüָֻǽڼǲ԰׵ģƫִִ̧ۣ ΪûԸһӵġ
˵ֲܣ ɣȻվ񱻴ʹƵģǰĲ豭ݺǰȥˮѵ°ڶմʪˡ
˫շ죬 ˭ԸԹ˺ãԸ˭ö¡˶͵ûӣûУ Ⱳڵ¾ӣ 
ϲֱ޷ܣǣְϡһֹȴǳһָġ
 ˲ϡ ʡ
ϡʵϡҪѾܶûôů͹ˣվλϿľ˷ǻɢ˲֪иǶô¡
ҪԼҪ
ţϻҪĶ
ҳʧʱư˫ϣͷߣҪ´ͷĿƽӡ
ɣסļݺݵĻӡ
 Ĳϡ𣿡
ֹƻֱجΡ
 ϡ ȾնԴƵģѸͷƤ巢
תһѾͽڻðɣʵ벻ͨһľͷʲô˼ղȼӲľ
ҵĺɦͷϣҵ˵ ȻϡǸʾͲҪһѹˣҲѹ
ƣûƿߣҲû߿Ű뱲ӣ³⡣
 ˡſˡ ż䣬˵ء
ʮֱתһ룬ðһأǱðڶΣΣʲôأ
ƺȻеطϣ ĲУʾͱҵĶӺˣʲҲǻɹ𣿼ȥҲǻ¡ 

 ֻҪһͺˡ  ԹԵļ Եȵġ
ûɹȱԡ
ɴҵߣ꣬һϦȻǺãҪŤ˵̶һԵϣݺⲻ롣
׾ӵʾֶȫհЩķС˵ź͹ټСֶɶȤĿЦƫƫˣÿһ㲻հ֮ʵ˴Բ̫Բˡ
ûһŨеĻǺˣһôһɴ¶Ϻ¼滹һ˽۵Сּֽ䡣
˸磬Ůգ ˭Ūģ
Ůʵش𣺡 ĸʱġ

죬Ϊѵ ȥ 
һ㣬ɣ۾ǼֽдʲôˣӲһһǰʮ㣬дⶼûУֻʺдۡ
Ͳдʫϡ
ǿݣԻΪһҪܺɻʵԲٵдļСֽϡ
ԳûˮƽʾѾĬͺܾˣԽͱǰҪǿЩʱʫ˵Ц쿴ˣҲֻĿڣԼ˳˳
˺˺ˣ۲Ϊ
ֻ˺һСӾ˺ȥˣ˷ëʫ̾󣬻йİͷ¡
һͷ¾ͻô࣬дЩ̹ôҲǲһôô֣ëȻһ塣
ˣΪҴСϻ۹ˣҲʡûôĺӵѧҵ̫Գ޲ڣΨһСС覴þǣ̫ӲϲʫԷ绨ѩµΪȤȫѧϰݺʱһ̶ͨһ
֪ôЩҪʫģ붼룬ʯΪôžִηᾢˡ
һʫڴϳ̾շת࣬һͻƵģ޷ٶ˯
û˶ֱӱʾ⣬ 󵨵˺¡

ʮ

û˶ֱӱʾ⣬ 󵨵˺¡
ĵĲǳҶһˣźܿͻᶪˣʵǰҲ˶ùģֺãǲ㶼֪ġ
ĸʾûͷÿ͵͵ߣʱʱٹǧ֮ƣ˯˲ð
иʦȫûһʦ̳΢ˮƽʾ
ʵһ𴲣 ɣԼĸʱһ΢ĽŲ˹ڱµֲԾĶ˼£ƤǺš
ȻŲܿͣסˣһµеĻ˱ǶԴѬסˣɣпࡣ
ûȥĽŲŻµȻֵ¶ˣ͵ΪΪ飬ûͣþ˿ˣֲҪߵӣͲס棬΢΢ƤֻڱһĿڴϣƣ͵ӡ
ôöǴڽŵգѵõǿ˲ɴװŲάסƺС˯ͷֱۼ䣬Ӻ濴ȥôô˾ùµ
ҲɣȴҪæˣҪҪڻҪ׷һľ񣬲ԼԼ
治ִ֪Ǵģôֺõ·һ֮µı飬Ȼ 벻ͨԼʲôֵóҸ֮µĵط
Ҳֻһҽвʮ֡
С˴һյʱ䣬Ȼŵ뿪ˣ֮ǰƺڴվ˺һᣬǱҲоõȵߡ
뱲Ӷڿׯϣûƹ·û֪߽ͬʲôоˡ
ҡԺܻٶȻš
ǰ°۵ĵطᵽȪˣƣҲû˸ҷһ䣬˵»ТĿɼΣڹ֮Тϸ
ƨ֮ԱǣͼԹЩֺõֶΣ񳪴Ϸһ̨ĳ֡
һʧȨֻ̫ϻʣż͵ϮҲֻȭˣûٺˣ͵Ϯĳ̶ҲͿ֣ĵز̷Χ֮ڡ
磬ҡһ΢΢ţµĴ˯һǳҴµĮ̇ҳҲӵĽӼŹԱ
̸ЩʲôҲûᣬ̸ֻǴЩزסΨΨŵŵ
ҲǣڳǰʲôһϵģѴġ
ǸƱɵºԼҺƵͼĶŴǱ߹
ɣϢȣɮ붨顣
 ʣܲǳȥ߰ɡ
תҲ࣬Ʋ
ǲĬһ£껺  ΢һҲãᾫ㣬θҲЩȳԲҩöˡ
ɣ˸Ƿôʲôʵôҳ⣬Ҳ±
 ˲ȥ ֱӲصľܾ
һӵĺƢ񶼴 ҽ˵⼸㶼Բ·ҩҲãȥôأȥ߰ɣʡ
 ǰǶˡ ͷֲȥ ƵĻš
ԴλûǶˣôãҲЩ
ƽ͵վƽЩڱֱЦЦ жŸʲ𣿡
ǰţ⣬ڳãҶãֱԼԼĵزˡ
ֲ̨£ֻܹ ;÷ Ҫˣ
¶һ˵ɫϣڷʡ
ֻǸûвĺӶѣôѣ
ûشͼתŻ⣬ ǽ컹Ƕ㸸ʳȥߣһҪġ 
ɣٿһӴֱˣƢָڰϣ˼ ʲôһҪƾʲôܹˣ˲Ҫ
ɫҲˣƺͶĥ ͫȻɷ΢¶мڳϵ̬Ҳѵŭִ壺 Ϊ˭Լ嶼֪ϧԺģҪϲ㡪Ҳùܣ
ˡǶԳ˵Ŀ
꺧˵£ɣں䣬û
еŭдǵ õʲô֪֪Լɫжõд 㲻ңԣȥҪԵԼɣ 
籩£ɣ˼Լǲǵ̫ʧ˵㣬ʵ
Ǳ帽˰ɣ ɣԼ°ĬĬʲôȥģڹЪŲͦõ
걻ѹűŶĿֿʼӿˣǰǱܣǱ󱲹ţǳ̲ž˼ˡ
 ˲ϲȥ СԽûˡ
ղŵŭֱҵƸûˡ
ҡ ҿֳͣ£Ŀǣ Ҳ㡭
 㡭ԼҲܣǸʡԼԼģôأҵĻÿȥ԰ߣãθҲá

 һĳþõģ 
ΪԼղŵŭ˺һһֱץµ֣Ҳûٶˡ
ɫ壬ڨڨĴͷⶼˣͯһû˼͸ˣ˭С˭гǰƢôãδʹãôеϹͷûˣƢȻ˵ùȥ
 ǡǲȥˡ ȻίģڶԷǺõģֻôһС ȥ˹۵ûš
æЦ ţ̫۵ģҪǻһӹǣͨһѪ
Ƥ̣ƼԼ֣ڿ¡
ҿ УƺҲмԿڵʮɬ Ǹţȡ пдĶ𣿡
ֲϹӣȻĵһʫۡ
Ҹоȴͫ΢ļʣ ʾдΣ

ȻȻֳ֮֡С
ȴĳĬĬʮȻĴȥգѬŵǼ䣬޹޹Ȼ֪ںδˣļŵĽŸڸð
 ϲ𣿡 гˣʮġ
 Щ˭дģ
ͷϣ ȻǶдġ
˭дģ
ĥߴĴ̧ͷôзֿӣǺ۽´Ӣα Ժѧʿ
֪һǸ켣¥ĺۼڣȥĺԺȥĲҵˣ
ϵΪˣĽͣ ѧʿֻǰҸ˼ʡ˵дòζյ˲ϲ 
 ɣԽˣӰǸ϶ʫʹʸĶ󣬶Ǹ跻¥ļŮŮǣһͷӣ⣬Ƿ
 ǲϲ𣿡 ƺйˣͷȥüеǴζ Ҳ֪ôдźãŽѧʿæ
ɣĸһ飬Ҳ˲Ҫ־룬һץڣʧ 㡪б˿ˣ
 һ񣬿žԼ֡
㲻Ҫ˻ҪġɣˣҲ֪ΪǺҲѵô۽촦ɿˣ Ժ׼ñ˿Բ֪֪
ұյ˼Ǻ˺þã˵ʱǺ죬۾ģȴЦ  ţ֪ˡ

ʮ

ź󣬳ɣǲ붯ԭŽҪȥӴļ峤Ͼû˭֪ûȴ˺ü˹ѡ
 ϻʡȥˡ

һɢǹµģ˵˶ûҲָǰľͷŮĥʱ⡣
ӣϾˣԶš
ҹɫ㸡УĿԿбǿùǰҲ۵ʱϹŮ¹ס϶գһãһ
ô¹ٸûأһ˼ҲûС
һֱţΪʲôҪģһȡůǺֲܺţ֯ŮαԼԼӳ
ɣͷ˺ܾõüͷ˼ֱʹա
ʵ￴ôôأǾֻů֪ˡ
ֻгһףңҲֻһ׶ѣʲôѪԵˣܶʱԵֱѪԵҪѪʮδҲͬİˣ⣬̫Ѳ̫Ѹһͷ˷Ų¡
ͳңҪڵʲôʱء
ţԶԶȪ⴫һ̧֣ȥ Ҳ֪£ ֻĴ嵶ĳӿ˹ȥ
ߵֽŵΧν׼
 ϻʣǱƺִ̿͡ ˹㱨
ʲô ڱȦڳɣһͷˮʱʵ벻˭ִ¡
ǱƺȶӴ̿ץˣûһ˹㱨
ڵϵΪѵ  ϻʡղ˽˱˵ɴ̿ˡ
еǻӳ֣ɹפڸȪȫǴС˵㣬д̿ÿԸһչʾĻᰡ
ֻǣʲô̿ˣ
ɵĿŹŵˣͷҲֻ̧Ǵ ƽӣղ͵Ȫ
ɣֻĿһ£һʱ˵᲻ϾڶݻԼǲʮյĿڣ ƽӡ
ûеڶƽӣ˳ǣҲû˻ɵһҹȪô£ƫƫںԤ·ˡ
̿ͣȪǵȻ飬ɣʹĸ˹ȥ ÿͿѾ̫ҽһߡ
ˣ첻ĵӰѪ֮УӰ꿡βҰ׵ϣ͸ŹףȻ󾪣ʧر˹ȥ Ƕ
̫ҽæס ¡΢ҪӰμȱȥñѪ
 ˣ һƿ·̫ҽ̤ŵѪΡΡ˹ȥº۾ʪˣǱ͸ؿڣɢĺڳѪһĿĵ˲Ѫմ΢ıϵ ǶǶõ˵𣿹أ£¡
ɣžָ̽̽ǵıϢһ˵
ǡС𣿡 ˿ĵ૷ƺӻݵѹָ˶ûнҲûգ С𣿡
ʵ޷˵ֻǱųǣϱѪճŵķ  ǣǹˣǹ˰
 ҡ˵ϰˡö˶ô˵ˡ һѵſ  ҽֵġ

սֱۣȴóʹõ С壬ôˣ
ȻᡭȻ̫ҽҩͿĵˣԣҪʲôʱƭأ
ߵ̫ҽѯʣҪǰμػʧѪ࣬ߵĸ졣
 Ҳ벻취ұһֱ˵ұֻС岻ҡãҺַˡ 
ѾǿûˣɣʹУѾˣЩɵΪֺ»ʣ϶Ҫ޵ġ
ԳƽŲóǽ׵ġ
 ϡС壿 Ƿʡ
áҶ˺ܺáǳá˶Ǻ˵ġǶţС嶼ǰҪá 
̫ҽһߣźҡҡͷ˼ûþˡ
 ǡãҲá̫ӸõģС塭Һʹʹ ۾㣬һֱŲ͹ϵѪУ ǲǿС壿
ɣʹģο˵ ģ⣬춼˼ֱ棬ߵġ
⺢ӣСԴͲ⣬Ǳɵɵȥˣɵʹѣֱ
 ʹʹС壬Һʹһ
һĵȥһɢĸɸɾˣɣԭʮָȾѪĨ˰ԼŴĳңҲ֪ԼӺ˵㣬ȫѪ߰ߵģɫҲҡҡλεվһ
һӾǰסɳƣ ˵ ûµģûµģжء
ϤԼǰΪĸоһξ͹ˡ

ʮ

ϤԼǰΪĸоһξ͹ˡ
˱̧ˣֻʣһ̲ѪûһͱɾˣϲŵѪ˼Ҳʧˣһ뵽Լ۰ĺġ
ԸǶůñӣܱܺùڣɥȪ
л㱵ܾ֮ǰ£ʱҲᣬȳǴ˶٣ڹʶֻӿ˳Ĳˣ޲ðԼֿѵϢȫ¡
Ȼǲܵ£ܸƽʶƽһ𳤴ֵܣʶҲػΪѣ˷飬˳һ¥
 ʲôصġ һ·ӵ¶ܲͷӣ Сﰡ
쵽¥ʱЦ𣺡 ţұ磬һ͡
һ㶣Ӳǰ⿪Է֣ɫĽ ȥˣҾͲȥˡ
 ҶԼˣܲʧԼɡ üꡣ
Ŀһƣ Ҳˡ
ιʲôôŤұֲˣʶһֺη ôĻϲѶԷҪѽܸԼ֣ȴһҲҲջ
 ұ˶ˣҪʧˣ ǰĲõĵ
Сû˼  һӢƺôɬŴ ȥͺˣ
ɵš
˫̧ߣ úãȥ϶ȥȥĻ֮أ˰ɣ
¥ǳƽĲҵţװ꾫õɽˮ֮䣬Ƿ׽ѵĲѡһ߽¥¥羰õİṳ̂ȥζһɱݴ㣬Ȼɺ⡣
 ƽеվֻϵʱһʱͣƬ̣ӻһתظЦ̵ȣ ˡ
һ£һԣ񣺡 λ̨
ϯҲ磬̸ƽҲǳĨ͵ĻͷҪѣֻǣôϾóƽЦʮֵۣģﶼë
мȥ޾֣ƽ¾ƱҪ˵ʲôͱɣͷɫ  ⣬Һѣײ
һزɵʮ֮ûнڲ٣ɫַķ׼ƽʲôа
ƽһ£ɴۣЦݼм֪֪ڶгζ Ҳңôȥء
аôղϵôŹ֣Ǿ仰ԳƽĽڲٺûģǺܷĲ£ Ҿͺá
ƽƤЦΪƣԼּ˼Ż죬һ߽һ߸̾ 治Ҳѹֱۣǡǡ
ǼЦŹֵü ʲôпϣ⻰ôôƽ˽µġ
ƽæ УУ׵ģֻ֡ ѹص ¡ʲôʱȥϹݵİҲҡ
žƱһͣɣŶԷ ʲôϹݣ
ȣСĹݰ˵ȥ𣬿ζһӾͱĥ͸ ƽԼ̾
ɣĪһ ˵ʲôأСĹݣȥֵطʲô֪˲ȥֵطġ
ƽЦЩǿˣ £ȥСĹݣôĺƴģ
˵ָָ꣬ſڵķʾеǸ˱ǻδϯ
ƽߵȫûзӳˣֻǽţȻȻһ΢΢ˣ ˵ʲô
ƽҲͷԣ̹׵ Ϲݵĺ
Ʊֱֱڻʪӣɣȫսϥϵֽճȭ 
 ûаɣϹݼΣ̫˺ܺϡ ƽֵ ˵׼ơǸ治Ϲģ
ֵطȥģ˵ֵطĺƣֱôɸɾһˣôֵطˣ
ƽҲڿЦԣƽҲûӿЦģֶֻ½
С
ӿȽϽлŴ⻺߽꣬ͷʣ  ˵Ϲݳģô¡
ûԤ֮ڵĲȻŭû޶ԡ
ɣֻ꿡һҰѪɫʧҲֻͣվżſڡ
ƽһŵգʹԲ ҿܼǴˣǸ
 죡  ɣϢţźѸһͣļ٣İ𣺡 ˵ѽ
һɵûڶݵĳĬ¶һൽеЦͷ ûǴԺܺá

 ϹݣҴСͳ 绪˵ԵЩˣںĿĻó߳ܺ͵
ʱֻԼƭˣˣ羪Դһ ʹûо һ֮ ¼˭ƭ ˭Ұѻʵڹ
˸߸ϵȫ·ԼĺϹݳ ӲԼһ֪ɵһŪˡ
ʧȥǵǻЩԼ޷Ƶ£ɣʢŭţϵĹϹƺǰȥû㣬ֱֱվţǱĨĨϹϹ֭ ѹɤӶɳˣ  С
 Ҳ㣡 ɣܻĺ˳ֳǴƺˤȥ
վţĲ֭°µţ˵Ŀȫûƽʱȣ  ҪС ûж⡪
ǰ̰ȥһСĹݣ˽·Ť ɧֱ˶ķ£ ԲǺЩһ𳤴ģԲ·
ԭÿγֻȥƫƧ˵ĵط棬ȥ˶Ľֵ ԭˣĺѾ͸׸ɸɾģôڰ̻֮ء
ûĽͣ³һЩĻʶѿڶһ֪ǻ쵰Ǽ֮󣬲Ťʹͳƽĺһ˦ȥˡ
ֱܾ֮ŻԼ˵ʲô
ʱ̫ˣݲһɳһƭ߷ʵݣһ뵽Ҫл£壬ߵֶֹ
Ϊֿ֪ѣ 裬ͬԼҲˣ֪ԼƭҿԼԺҪôֲĹȥҪôܻصǰЦֵĹ⾰
ʹԼĳסͱŭ
ɣϣɱ֪µ˶ŪûˣͿԸɸɾȥԸݺ͵λһķʿǰЩõ£ͳͳˡ
ֻǣôôڣʵ˵ƭҲû߶ԷԼʵ˵ƭҲƾʲôֱ׳Ĺ
ֻûĵĺƵʵûܣȻ֪ζʲôҪӿͣҪЦҪ˳ܣҪԲԡһ룬кɱ˵ĳ嶯
˼⣬ҪôôǸһ򲻻ģһܴȣһ
˳סƽһһƽ뷨ɫ䣬亹϶˵ǰϢ˵ϹݵĺƱǿѹӢûᡣ
 ʲô ӢֻеСȨ̰ɫµķѣ𲻺õԤС
ƽνͣ ûᣬǡȣһӵܣ֪ЩˡȽϲ档
˽ƽеġ桯Ǹʲôǵӵǣû˵˵ֶǧٹ֣˵ÿӢûᣬ϶Ӽʬ
ŵˣŭʳƽȻ֪Ϊʲôֹ
΢Ϊ  ƽЦ ʹ˳ˮܵѵ
ڼٱ۵̽ӻ㱨ӢϲûˣѾͻȥˣתϹݵķȥ
һ·û˵ǻʺѲʱҲûôļٹֻµһ̣Լ ϹǰΧˣ
֪ĿһͯһĨһ˵ѾͻʱѾȥˡ
ֻһƲϯžͻϹȻȫˣӢģͯһ߶ھϯӵʬǰţһ̧ͷ˾䣺 λӣҪҼҹһ𣿡
ϯǰ¶ĺͷϣѪ˺ܾõӣڷ紵ҲϯӼ䣬ɣϯûһָ˵ȥƿϯӡ
㻹ûڸס ֺƺιˣѾѪܵĲˣԴƽ֮ǰϸ˵ģЩûϵĲֶΣԭģһӦϡ
ԭԽõԽȥΪУȻƻõĻԭӲ˲ժȻ
ͯӻһ߿ţ ȥѾﹻǮ˲ͿԸԼˣ÷ʲôаܣÿγҪ´㣬ϰӣӣôӺģôµˣôͷͿأ 
ɣʧֻüͯһһϣ˵ʲôȫǲסˡ
ǰǰԹԼһжѣж࣬ж鷳֪ҪģԼ
ÿһξһ뿪ĻᣬԼԼ붼˾
ϯǰվ˺ܾã֪Է棬һˣȥ򿪣ҿʵ̫ˡ
Ըһھ¥ż겻ȫǱ˵ֻһһѡ
Ͷˡ
 ˡ 
ҹ¥֮һ棬ַŵģٰЩ˶ɱˣû˵ľǻزˣôʹڶزġ
ǰѻѾֵļһûˣػҽһǻʹұһûԼȴԽ
̫ˣ̫ˡ ʹޣƾʲôô߸ϣƾʲôһƽ˳Ϊеĺ¶Ȼȫѹ
ˣõӦģһġ

ʮ

ʾ£ı׼ˡ
ɣþ۱ֵλҲȥģǾʹڹųƽ
ǰܾóƽйʻУҲ֪Ǳĺأᣬƽʱû仯񲻹²ȴѾڳƽ޼ҵ׷ˡ
 ɡ ڲ豭ùŮ̫඼ȥ
ͤƽɬЦЦҲûйлصǰҶٵʱӹΪֱӾ
ʵѾ˿ԶΪˡ
ƽмᣬڳƽҲòȥ
žԣú󣬳ɣ˾䣬 һнеĻ˳ɡ
бµĸһж˳ ƽȥȧԵú۽ҲһҹðƵģͿһߡ
 ǾͺáǾͺá
Ϊȡģһþλˡ
 ¡ ƽͻأĽһûͷûԵ˵ ҶԲ

׳ΪʲôһֱϰѳˣǵǶ̸϶й¶Լôںޣƽүͬλڼ䣬ƽһֱмΣֵֽܵ⣬λҲƺʧˡ
ģŲóǽʵαأȻΪҵıƹռǺޣ㲻Ϊƽıѹ̫ãڳ̫͢಻ɼ»ʶ̬⿴ô壬ԳƽԸܱĻҲ֮ˡ
 ǰӱá ƽȻۺ˫ȭü֮乵ʲôûˡңҡ
ųƽԼƼ䣬ʣӡǳƽһεʧ̬
ǹɢȥıݸУƮɢϾţͷüϣ̳һ̾Ϣ ֪¹ֲ˭Ҫֻ֣˵찮Ūˡ
ƽܲȶ޿޳ճ˺ܾãǱﻵˣʼҪάģҲҪװɷƵģñ˿һ
Խ󣬿ҲԽ޼᲻ݣƽˣҲһ
 ݣЩ𣿡
 ţ̫ҽ˵úõҹܹͲˡ
һ򲻺ãǶʱµĲò齣ʱҲδǼ¡
ԣʲôһɣԼһܻžǴ£Ǻ£¼ôƴҪȥƾʲôڱ˴ῴ
 úȥƽܿǳӣҲ뿴ǰͷϡ 
ǰһӵʲôů飬ɢȨƣʢ겻¸ˣǵͷԼģʲô
ǣϧȡǰ˰ˡ
˵󣬳ɣԼҲݵ޷ˣһְڳƽ䣬ֶ֡
ƽסָ֣ܱȴֳһĪİ
ҡԲ㡣  ƽûƣ΢΢´۽Ǻ̬
 ʮǰǸСġûǸӢʱҸպӢ͡  ƽӣѿĵ ҵʱûֹ

 ҲϲǸˣҿֵܵġҡ ƽһҧ Ҹ˵һ֮Ļʵۣ֮ҽıФʲôˣҸ˵ϲɾˡѵҲ֪ѹôꡭ
 ǣ˵ʲô 쳣侲һ˿ûˡ
ƽһĨϵᣬЦ ǸСҶǶһһˣԼֵĶֲ˱˵ģҲô˵Ҳˡ 
 ѭԭжˡ
ɣûзŭֻǺȻʵ ǶǸСģôˡ
ƽĬһ󣬡 Ƕߵ죬Ҳˡ 
 ҵԼõģǼ׵£Ƕ۹⡣ ɣ ˵ˣʵҶǶǲŵȵģͺãĶ̫ˣ̫ˣԾҵԵģҲס 
Ҫǻʼ̸飬Ȼݳ˵㣬Ѳ

ʮ

ɣˣɣڰĻСţڳһѾ
ԽĿھԽǿյû䱯˵ǰ̫ټڳҪб飬ҪȣѶ챻ĻɳûˣôϰһԲ˵ʲô
鲻ⲻУڱˡ
ѾǱһɳǡ˵룬 ۹¿ҲǹˣΨһߵĳңǸԡ˲¹ͷӣ԰ε٣
Աؽһ䱦ƤӰڵϣͷֱ˼ǼȴԽʹѵͼ徻һùŮ̫˵ȥˣһ˴ڿտĹԽ˾á˯
⼸Ϊǵķкҹߣ㱣ԼֱȴмְȫУƤԷĺ֡
ͷɢԺ˯䣬һƬȴԼͷĴС
 ¡ҡ
ȻֵˣȷԼȷûۻ軨 ʧ؇һ䣺 ݡʲô
ǰ괩ͨװţںɫصͷ£¶һ޵ĿݣƳ겻ķɫǽո
 ΢ߣҲˣǰɣ üżУһ
ʹ ˣۿ죺  㡭㳶ͷʲô
ʶջ֣ϷӳƵģץס󣬡 ΢Ѿúˣ£΢߰ɣԼ𣿡
ɣһ£ܣôܣ⵱̫ϻʣȴǰѹˣţֻ꼪һͷԵıŪš
ȥȥ ס֣˷ܣ ˿ȥ
ʣ͸͸ģԼͷɢӡ
 ش󲻶ĵطϲȥﶼ԰  ƲȻ㣬 ΢ġ
ǽͷǽ彭ɽ˰뱲ӶûڹһΣ벻ýûİˣƹӻʲôˤġ
 ô죿Ÿոա
 ΢ԺٸͣȻ·
Ѹóһ̫Լƣ˵ŵȻʱӦӦԡ
ϲĻȻͣס꿴ǰͷˣ  ¡ͷҪòС
 ˲ᡣ ɣŸղϵӣЩί ôôܻᡣ
׵ùͷƤƺϴܣӳɣӹӣ ǡ΢ɡ
æĵͷ
žģźõ̫΢ͷһ·˳ĵ칬ͨгĵط
ǰ국Ľӽ̫࣬°ʾȺС̫ǣ ⶼǳɹġ
 У߰ɣǵ׼ʱ ̫һͻַˡ
쳣˳ɣһܼŵĺŲȥ
ȵȣͣ£ͣ¡ ڸ̫Ȼһ̧ͷָ̫һָƫбгɣǶ
 ĸİôô Ů̶
 Ǹġ ǰͷ겻̲Ľ˾䣬ƽϿꡣ
ţġ ԴɳƵĻӦˡ
 ǣ˵أѽ Ҳ֪ǲżĹ̫ģ̫һ˶Ū׽Ū˵ļơ
ɣɱĺ˺죬ݺĳ嶯 ͦѵĵ ʮˡ
ҵĶТӶⶪˡ
 ٣˵濴һġ ̫һȻĵӣ֣ ߰߰ɣȥذ
ǰͷͷƺһһ㣬Ƕһˡ
һ̤ţƺͷⶼĵļ֣ĵᶼ⼷ ߼ͻҸԶˡ
ˣѶ棬֪Ҳ֪ʲô飬һѹģһί
һ룬ŲͲˣС̫һûɲסţͲźϡ
 ôˣ
˹·һѣɣ㱲Ŀź󷽵ĳںĹǽٿǰֱׯĹٵˮԣ ֲӻ䣬֮塣
ǵ깤ǰҪ޽ģÿβʱ̤ŷŴ⣬ǻֲ֪ӣĺһӵˡ
ƿ£ûзſԽʾţ  ˣ˻ܷġ
ͷ
ٲߣԼ̲סʹįӦ˳ңԼİԼմ⽴ñ˵ͷС
ûշ϶Դţװɺӣûˡ
춼ߵ˶ιˣһľͷŲסˣɣǾͶ㿪ˣ һ룬ƺҲԽӿ˽Ų

ʮ

ƺѾһ׼׵ֻҪúø´ˣ˻ʹһӶԶ͸˲٣һֱѹŵıҲˡ
СȥֻѸٺ˵ּ侰͸߲һжá
õĶɱ϶ѿðѿˡ
ͷ֧ڴ⿴ŷ羰ɽ·ƽһʧƽ⣬һͷ˴ߵľͷϣһ쾪ڸϳ꼱æӣô˱£
Ŷͷʹû£û£æģû¡
ͣ˽СĵͳС˵ ô˱£΢ 
ɣֻڨڨſ֣¶׵Ķͷ۾ʹҪˣţ ײˡ
Яҩҳһ֧СƿӣЩҩ䡣
 ﶶҪȵ㡣
ҩ̵˵һͷȴԽѣֻó˳䣬ʹգգۣ ܡ
Ǽ ܣͷʹ𣿡
 ֪ʹ
Σҵԭ˿ ˣղһֱڴɽͻ

˼һ󣬽ϵ·ͣţʼĳɣ £·ܰȫԵ㶫ȡ
üͷҡҡͷ ˲
Ĳ
ڳǰ׼õĸֵط϶ûʲôʳҲֻôͷ伢ˡ
Ӵ̬Ĵͷɥ 治
 ΢¶ڽˡ 

̲˵ˣ˵ҪôһѪ𣿳ɣ˲죬ŵıӣûڹô꣬ŵŶǶʱģӱˣһʱԶԾ
£Ҫˡ
ֻýӹ˺Сͷˮܵ⣬״ʣ ղţ ˶ˣ
ݵеΣ ţˣ϶Ƕˡ
˵꣬ô㲻˼ յΪ˶߽ܿӴֻͷʳ
һװأڷ绪ͷԣ һͷһˮҲãʵֻʵļȻ
 ԨѾˣ콨һ
ֹͣʣԴ̧ۿ ǡ
꣬ʲôкǣǾԾǣ
 Ժˣûġ
ͷԵӸǸ޵ʵڲӾͰʣͷ꣬ Ҳòġ

 ¸΢ģѾˣҪ̰ˡ Щͷ ǰҹ·͡
ɣĲˣΪң˽ҲУ̫Сˣʵڲһᡣ
ҡ˳־ҲΪ⺢ԼֿѣǲҲٹʹľǲҲ˵ֶô۸ĺݾֿѾȻмƣɳǺΪ飬Ϊʹ
ĵĵ֮ӿȪ౨ˡ
 ΢òڱߣһֱȥ ֱֱһĨǱߣû˳Ͽ⻮ľ룬ѵõм⡣
˸֦ڵϻòͼ һ㡣
 £ȥ΢ȥ
 ⣬ͱôйˡȣңɡ չյ Ǿֵơ
 ּС֦һǾ顣
 Ԩǹ˵ıˣɡ
꿴ǰΪ΢տʼ첢ʼЦķǵˣ 촽΢ҡҡͷ ΢ҡ
ɣĳƺУ̣Цöˣ û£㶼Ұѹ˴ˣʲôң һ
ѵıϧ̬ȣ 
 ûõúܣð ɳɳɤ
ҪԸһѾյЩͿԲˣõķ˳Ų˵⣬ǧҪΥ˵ּ⣬ܸ˵ˡ
˾õѵһһۺ 硭
ɣֵĴ˸ǷЦˬã۾гһߣǲмԺˣǵͷ ԡ

ʮ

ջĴǸӹǿʼҡˡ
ҩζڿУµһϽʪ˯⣬ ˯ѼоŽԴһѿڶ Ҷ
ӰסƬ̲ŵ ң¡

ɣȻﻮһ΢ʧУǻƲɢŵĿζһĸں᷿谵Ĺʱ
ǽˮģһ߽ϴӴʪһ˵ £ȥƽ
ɣӹʶȵӣ  Ҳá
ƽķأƸӣɽڶ࣬ǲĺȥ
һ·г˳ǵĹؿҲ˳ͨʲô˳߱ͨķһƽĶëȻˡ
 磬ܰҰֽȡ𣿡
·;УһȥԶϪδˮһԭصȣΧкЩСϪߴˣ
СͯŴɫСǶ ֺֿ 磬ȡòá
Сһֳ۱߽ǲ֣һָŲԶǿô֦Ҷ俨ŵֽ𰣬ֿɰ˲
 ţɹѡҲŰ
ͯԲԲԴ룬͵ʱ򣬵ʲôأ
ǰͯãŷԼͼǲСʱòˡ
 ɣʯͷԡ
ɣ˺üʯͷ֦ӹȥ˼ڴУʧȥ֦Ҷ֧ŵֽºһưСϪϡ
ͯ죬һҪ޴һļƣ ء磬Ҫֽ𰣡 
ɣ󾽣ԽԼ²ûˮŵ û£ȥȡˡȣҴӲʳԵġ
ȻʧȣЬ࣬ţˬ̤Ϫˮ䣬 ֽ𰱻ĲԶֻʮͿȡ
СǵˬǣҲſɱ· ůⴵñ
ֽͱһʯ䣬 ȡȴÿֽһ˲סˡ
ֽµĲĿӣǼ׹ػŵ˲ʧ󺰣 й 
Ϫ´ɢʯһʧ˾ǱˮʯϵĹﻹϣŲߡ
ɣȫԼƤ𣬴Ϫˮ˽ŵĹֶϣȻ˳ͷϡ
У̲סˡֱᣬ⵽ʲô
ߵĺͯڶݵĳĬ󣬱һֹסĻЦ Ǹ¸󡣬¸󡡪
ڼʱϻأϵĹߣˮΪ֮С
 £Ѿ纮ˡ
ѵõģơ
ϸɾʪɢòǱĽͣ ֻǱŵˣǡϣ ڹû
 ܡ
˲ţ ̵ʮֲ񣬹ڹͷĳҲû
֪ôͣһԴǣֻ򵥵ʵȥ ıȽϸ󣬹ãȽ϶ࡣ
ɣ˸磬Ȼ򣬡 ԭˣԭˣѹЩ˺ˣͷҰǡ
ּ꣺ Ǵ󵨰
һȣ ǹĶȽкع
Ҫȥϳˣ̺ӰΧһԲ򣬶 ܴ磬棬Ҫ΢С
գգۣ
 ΢ڣҲܵġ
 
ϣҪȥ·ֻ󷽵˵̺˵ Ԩ˾úܿİ
 ڹ
ǹгңȴûС
ȵȡΪʲôҪʱҪǸӰѽ

⣺̫ӵ£ɡ

գã鷿һƬ
ʵŽֻ糺ɫĽģ죬¸߰ĶǸ۲ݱɵϸһûһµĴĵĳǵҡԴҷɡ
 аողǲŽй𣿡 ʵۺĵļ
ڿķɵӱ߽Ǵ ų  ϼ飬飬顫
ɣ֣Ц ˣٻһ 
ҡͷ˺һ󣬻мܲסʵ۵Ľţ ꡫ򸣡 
ʵſڰ̨ϣԼͷ۾Цгһߡ
 £̫ӵһ̫ȥ
̫ǲūŹȥֻĿ˿ģɴӣлεȥ밲ˡ
̫ЦĽ̫ӱǰ £̫Ӻܹء
ѾͰ͵Сûʲô飬ֲ壬Ҳ֣ȥ ǷۺɫƤһС޵ʵڡû
ʵ۱½겻ʮ壬Сһ˺Ϊ֣ϲʳ ȻС޶᲻Ȥ
ֻǣ̫ǶţðɡҲҪشȸ
ǻʵչΪЦݣΧŮ̫ǵע£ִ̫ӵգĲ࣬  һ
̫ӻǰģ񱻴ȥԼġ
߹ѵ ¡̫ڻὲء
ʵü̾  ôôٰ 
һֱ𾭵̫Ȼз飬 ˵˾䣺 ҼǵãǿʱŻ˵ġ

´񣬼̫ӵգұߣ˵ ам
С̫ӵתתʮֿܵĸо
һĴȴˣ Եľͽ ϼ飬ϼ飡
Լ̫ӣֿģֲĶῪ˵ˣôСǽжһ
ôţһֱտڲֵķӦ䵭СȻһţͰҪָҧסˣһֻôݣʼСƺееζҧס۵ûʵ۵۷ˡ
 ĸҧˣ
ʱæһţϱ·һ·˸µŤٱӣһ·Χλ̫ӵҲܵһĺӵö˻  £̫ӵ£ĸʰ졭찡 
̫ŴۣգҲգļҧţˮ˳Żʵ۱ĺܺõָһֱѾίԸӵĵزˣͰѴȸȵŵף ɿӡɿ˺ʹ
һԵĺղң ĳ򣬻ţ  꼪顫꼪顫
ŮǲֱӰλʵ۵ֲָȥ̫ӻ۵죬ͷΪѣò尾
ʱһֱȻϵĻ̫ʩʩȻׯϺ侲ΧĹŮ̫Ƕȥ̫һ죬Ϳס̫ӵ°ͣһ
ʹĸ˺ʹ ˮ
 ʶ԰ꡣ ̫ôׯƽȣ̫󲻶ɫһѸӵָһ飬Ͱָˡ
С̫գգۣҲ֣۾ɴͱˡ
ʵ۴ȵ ҽˡƤˣ
ʵۻǶԼĸ˳ֵ̬סˣ֪һֱիĸԳôôݣһС
 Ҳûʲôֻϰˡ ̫󴽽ǵȻһ黨΢ЦʱӻʹŵСĸϡ
 ϰߣ
СʱҲҧˣҧ·ҧ֮ģȻʿɱҧˣÿζҪҳء

 ˣȻͿһСνɣʶôˣ

⣺СС

ǰһС
Сһֱ˵Ҿõĸˡ
ΪСҲûɱȽϵˣʹܴ󣬵СȴС
СС˫۾ݲ±ˡ
ںСʱ򣬾֪Һе΢⡣
;ɫߵ̫๬ŮǾͻΪıۡ
ڱĿ񴭿ߵıʿǾͻ̻̲²⳯е˭ꡣ
ôϲǸˣǸȴһҲ
ΪԼѾˡ
žӣЦĸ崺һ㣬ϧΧŮ̫Ƕ̫ˣþ޷뻷ܴܡ
ܵĻֹһ㣬ĸϲɵߴ鶹ԴҲ׵ĸеƴɵϣɵӣһӶװ
ʱ޲Űֻߡ
ôĶߣѾŬˡ
ֻиһʵﻹкܶˣһֱ֪νƽһǲڵģֻпԼŬøߵ㣬㣬˶ȥʵܻġ
ִûǰûнƣԽԽңûɣҲ벻ͨΪʲô
õĶܲΪ˭̫ͣãӺСʼͿʼǽǣС㽹ǻ֣̿ ʱֻ̫СˣʲôסԼ飬ʲôҲץס
룬ⱲӣϲȥԴˡ
Ͼ־ּ尾飬ˣ˭ҲԲġ
żšǸҲǼǳĿõ£ԽϲԽ̲סСС۸һ£ȻҪ˺ðɣϣ ֻҪǸˣҸоͿҵһһ಻ס
һֱã˵һܸһּ֣㼤 ǣʹࡣ
ǣһֱȥңҲûʲôѡˡ
ڣǹִţĸõģôôãôôۣ˺ܾãϲȨѽ˵ ʣһõġ
ϧСʱҶ΢ỹǲĵĴţǣĸû
û£ʱ仹лģ ϾһֱڴˣǺҸһ¡

ʮ

ɽƽվȫɽƶΪϣڵƱ߶ͣǽܶ;Ƿǳͬɫ
˳ƽΨһĹٵǣܲ˺һһ޵ʹͣ㲽ǰ˳;׷顣
 ţãǰмҿջȥͣ¡  ǣ ܡ
ʱ޹⵽㣬ݵ УҸһȥ˰ɣ
üĿȻ ҲãΪϡ
һͬ˿ջ᷿Сһӵ׼ȣ߱طÿһضҪúƷɫʳЩͷĲˣûû˺θڡ
Եö࣬ߵö࣬ö࣬ ʱ˶Щмʢʱڵζ
˹Щǳҽɽʲôӣôİͼȴֻȥôط˺òģòԸ
νأž·֮Żеİɡ
ʳһ룬ջҳһƬƵģ̷꣬ǰ Ȼطȥ濴
ܵĿҲһ¿ӣܵͷˣԽʵļȥͿԿѹѹһȺѵ˸ʵʵӬѷɽ
 ޷ԨҲȥˡ  ԾԾԵĵţֺ в᷿׳£ǸϽҲȥռλðɡ
Ƥһ飬ޱ鴹ۣϵ ǱߣмҪҡ
ΧȺʵںִܶ࣬ü˳ӲǸ˽ȥһ ۵ľǽм۵Ĵٽκʮɫŵۡ
ԭ˵ԩ״ԲôפΧۣɴ˿ɼǵĲ෹ճǲԭǡΪ
˵£ʱ˵Ŀã⻹ǵһΣϧЩԶ޷ۣ źˡ
ٽﲢû˳ǵ˿ǸƽͷĲƽͷˣ´磬Ψһ۵ôһϯϯ ʬ壬Ѫܵһ·ʮֲֿˡ
ȥƺû׼ԩ״Ǿʬ壬Źٽƿڴ˻ߣޱȣ ٣ ҾôҶôеİӡֶ
ٽڴ˵Ĺٵ ˰ȥԻڣ
һѯΧİգ ģʲô٣
ϷİЦһΪεĵ ʲô٣ǵĸĸٰ
ĵط٣Ǻ˺ޣֻǡ
 ķأǲ᲻ܵġ
վߵһλŹȣ߷Ȼùõأ ƽסһӣʮǰӾǰ⣬ЩɴûӰ
ʬӱǴſڵأʾһĨѪָǹٽδݾ ˡӲŲɱġȺ޹ٹ໤ǻ᲻úģú
ɣĬȻ֪ԭ򣬹ǲڽȨˮµģƤµķԩ飬Ҳʰġ
Ҳǹٽˣʵ̫ˡ
Χ۵İƺǼЩ£ľĿӱŹ޷ں֮ǰսָ׼⻹Ѫ˳䣬ɫ糣ģѪɫüĿ̲겻չɭη
볯ʱ󰸣Ϊνд¡ Ȼ 
Ҳ֪ѬڵɳûС
Ƕٵģʬֻʣ°ˣη̧ŽӣʹֱӴӵصֱӿ˹ȥ
ֿˣΧΧŵİҲͽɢˣעţһ˫һֱ׷ԶȥĹٽΣһͱˡ
һֱ֪һǻѪһӲǣ˼ԩ飬ݲԼͷ Ծ̲İӣûвˮʯġ
ɢĸɾĵϣֻʣһ̲δüѪˣפãи˼һֱüͷʲô
ԼƤ̾˿̧ͷʵ ԨãʲôĹٲŽкùأ
ȭͷƺյĸЩһһ䣬Ӳ ֶѿڣΪպı
̲Ѫ ʵϣڣȴϷƨգǰɣ
Ŵ
 Ԩǰʹ㣬Ҫٹط񾩳һʢ㵱ʱ˵֮㻹ǵ𣿡
ͣתؿ ǵãġ
üЦ £ǿˣ㻹Ըȥ𣿡
 ֻҪ£Ժһ̫ƽʢ ִ۵ ֻҪÿԱԼ¡һԵġ
صջʱȶˣԼϱ裬֣Ⱥ˵ ˱ˣ鷳˵ġ
á
ʲô֣
 а˱裬ɫ Ҳ˿衣
 Ԩ
 ţ
 ǻؾɡ

ʮ

Ȼ̧ͷŵ飬һʱֻͰԭϵıӸˤµأ ء
 ˵ʲôأ  ס
ƽİ˱軹θڣͷűʲôģӰ˻һȻʮɿڣһߺһ޹ ֪˶֪Ҳ湻ˣġ
ɫˢһ¾ͱˣʱͣ 
ҧŲ棬 Ǹʱϴŵͷǹͷģ˳Եĳ
һ
 ˻ûޱ̶ֳȰɣ Ц˼üģ ΪˣҶ˳İɣ
 кˡ
 ţȻϷˣǹȻҲ˷ѰĺҲΪˡ
Ŀ˸ţֱֱ˵ 㲻ǻңҲġ
ƫͷ룬 ֪ʲôˣԸ뵢ˡ 㿴¼䣬жٹԱΪպıأֻʣô٣˻ôȥʱǰ̣

 ˵ƽʵҲȥڿǲ˵ˡ ӣҲʵˣʱ粻ġǸҶô˵ģ˵ 
Ĩһֱ׵ƤͲ£ѿƵĵͷ ˵ɢɢģһҪĵ㡣
ǼᣬµͶ棬 ǹܵĿ
ճȭ Ӳû
ɣ˿ Тġ
Ҳûʲôźˣÿĵطȥˣĸйֺ֪ġ
ҲǲٿͣηȥʼҲȥʱֻȥԶĵطĶˡ
֣·;ԽԶҲԽԶˡ
֪һֱΪʹֻǿ֮ӣûǾȻҶĵط
;Уû˲ĲԼȴԽ
 ˡ
ԭ벻˸벻˼ҵˣﻹˣͲӵϣû··ľͷȥĵط
 ˡ̻ȥ𣿡
ȣ˵ƽиƤӰϷɫȥơ Ǹɣ 
 ¡ǸҪȥ𣿡
סȻˣǾ;˶ɡ ڰͷвһü̾ Ժûˣȿͻȥ
֪Ǳϲüһֱţĵ
Ȼ̵ʱ·ȷˣҪȥһæȥʱһﵽϿ֣ һ̯λϰŲͬգãļѣŻѧϵľ񣬲ѧʣʵ̯λʧһա
űӣ ֻȥβؿʯ
ƽ뺷һ ŹӣļϽźӣֳִӣî˾ؿϵĴʯͷȥ
 ˲ҽһ
ݵ˺ǰЦȥɣ죬βŵ СʯͷԼȻ˹
ΣҲܳԼ¼ֳž
ʯӷڣȻɣڹô뺷ݳǾ۾һ죬һ̲ס
ô̵һΣƶֻǣҪоа
 ţ̶༸Σ죡
۷עűŵǼˣʱ䣬 Ҳ֪˶ã ˿ԭߴŵһʧˣ󣬺Ȼְ۾סˡ
ʱؼһƬڰҲӦƵȫʧ Ψһоľȴŵ㳾ζԴ һɣȻϮ㵽겻ˡ
оԴָԼ۽ǲ Ȼ󱳺һʮᱡƽˡ
ʱһȥ˫۾Ĵ֡
ģƺһͶ˿̺ܲ˰ӣŶˡ
 ʣǣûʲôÿġ
˫ִֵǵ¶һЩЩԹͷԻ彩Ӳʱ򣬼Ϊίˣ ôȽпͷģǰɣʣ

ʮһ

ָй͸˳˴ӻ˼䣬ɣת˵Ŀݣ ʱɻ޷
һغӣխӢͦεվǰû⸿г;ÿһš
 Ҷ Ž
 ȡ Цмִ⡣
ɣڶݵĳĬ ˺һüɫ һݹƻģȻ޷͸˵˭ģΪԼðĺ 
סԼգɫü΢壬ȻץסӲҪԼϿ žԼǵġ 
ľ⣬ݺݵĳס
ԣǰôǵ⡭ⶼϻˣ
ָӡβŵ ȷϺ𣬸ʣ
ԣͷôܵƽҲǷ糾ͻͷġôһ־⶯ģ ǼʩҲֶķӳɣ
ˣԼĹҰţˡ
 㡭ʲô ʡ
ŵЦ˳־·Ŷ֣ȻǣһƽȻ ǰ˵㲡ˣеһ¡ 
Ȼ֪и磬ǡôҲ˵ЩмֵĻɣ ˣˣ
޶õǣڴϣɺ˵Ľ˵ޱʱϥǷ֮˱֮Զõ
 ˡ
 һҽðɣ ʶȤİȥ
 ʳ˯ȣҹҹߣ̫ҽ˵һ˼ʾأ ͷ
֪ ߣͷԵҲҪȥֻཻ˹ǰȣȰ̿ˮ
Ҫȥ
ս˵µ֣΢΢Ц ؿջǰҪϢһᣬеŲסˡ
һæʣ ﲻҽû 
ݽźã۵ 㡣 һ͵ ǵƥˣǰһ·õˣƽɽ·ߣе񡣡
õôż ʹﻹ˵ǰıŤᣬӾǵƽͣͣͣͣʮ죬߲ݵĿӱޡ
Ȼǳ˹شʮȫЧ
 Ԩ
ջʮԶĵطææܳջţæסͷ͵ۣ ڿҺɫ΢䣬Ͷԭء
Ƕ˼ʩʩȻƣел һ·ˣࡣ
Īһֱϣͳ ΪЧͣ΢ĸ֡
һֱֶҲ˳ƸڵټڿҲ̫಻ס
ԭͷβȲֻһ˶ѡ
һͬصֱ᷿ʣ һǰʧǡ
ƺܲ赭дؽһ䣺 ˻ںͷɵ 
۹۱Ǳǹģװһһ۳д£ððȻ볯ȷʧִ磬Ƿǣġ
ȵȡ ȸĻΪϲ𻹵ϼһɣ
һ㸸ʻؾվͿ̻ؾˣһ·ˡ
 Ϊ΢¡ ߻ǹ̶ϣһټԻüĿִĸɫ˳ǰ̤ǰһ  £𣿡
һ󣬲˼ ġ 
ҧȻ ҲԼҲȷʮ󣬶ʮ᲻ỹΪı 졪£ ᲻ڣң
̹ʵֿۣ۳ɫѱ پп
ǳһʳ£ĻµģȴˣͳңϾ˽Ķ˵㡣
 Ƕʮ˻ϵó㡣
չգ׵ķɫȾ죬ڵ΢һݣ лˡ
Ŀ뿪һԵĳһת ǺԽѹָϲ
 ˸ˣͽˡ
ҲߣЬ࣬￿˿ Ҳܷġ ˶٣ֵ úû㣬Һܷġ
 ˡҲñ˻š εƲƲ졣
 ţǲ  ˳˼˵ͷһӵѹ˹޷͸
 ҲҲİ취㿪ˣʲôʲôֺһĺѡһûԹָо㡭 㻹ǧԣһ
ԭҵĻҲͦ࣬Ǳ«
 ʣ𣿡 ϣ־䣬
ʱ˺죬Ű˺ܾãŵͷ 롣
룬ôҪعûˣǻʲôҡ

ʮ

ɣͲסģһֻ֣ɦɦͷԴ Ҷ
û֮ڵĴ𸴣Խӳأ΢Դһƫ͵
ԭ˯ˡ
Ƥ鶯ǣղô֯ԣСӡô˵˯
˯ϲģСһʵĲУ޵ĳüβ鷢֮Уһ޺˳ӣٲۣһ·Ͽķ羰ĻҪÿ
ش ΨһסģҲֻгˡ
޹ط鰮ֻǡĳִˡ
Աߣͷͷ֣ʪۿ޷гͷܡֻǾãϾǺˡ
˶תתһֻأڴֿɼĵطס¶ȡ
˯üȣҲûΪջĴ̶շת࣬ûΪ̴ζϲѣ ˯ѵʱߵѾۣſڴ߿
ʱȣգۣ ʲôʱˣ
һ䣬Ц ڶˣʣôһ˯
ĵ֣ ʹˣ˯ô
 ǲô˶Ժ㸸һ˯ıТġ Ҵʱ   ҪҪԳƣ ĵֺõ
 ȣأ Ƥûĳ̶ȣת
 ˣ· Ҹ˸еĽ͡

 ʣ㲻ȥƽǸׯƤӰϷҴȥ
²гֽ̣Ĵ£΢ȵؿųҰͭԼͷһսҳ̶ȿѪȱͷһѣͷûá
ľȰһ䣺 Ҷ˰ɣġ
Щͷͦġ
 ʻ𣿡 תͷ ·̫ûдŮ
棬һǺϾÿһͷ߹ùؾصģôһŪʮʮͷɢ
Ʋ죬 㲻ᣬôܻᡣ  ¶Էţֲһ䣺 һ·ϣ˵ֲһɰ ͷ󷽣ȹַ͢
˶Ŷóóõĺù٣ǹĸ
 ʵҲǺѵ£︸Ūɡ ɫһ٣󲽾ʹͭֱƹ
 ԼԼʵѶȴܶ࣬ʣͷ֧㡣 ΪԼ׾ıҵкϵɣҵ㣬£ ͷҲµġ
治ɫ ˵Ȼͳˣȥϴ 
 ϴˣʣ԰  ʱίôһ㣬΢ļⶼڷ
 ǣһأ˲ɡ ̼ǵʹôһ־ͰƤӰŪɢܵġ
ϹͷӦñƤӰҪʵһɡ
ûһṦ
 㡭Ҫ߱ ۵۷ֱͷֱĳҡ
ûС  һŰӣһ߶Ĵһ߽ͣ ҡֻûƺ
 ȥһûôֱŵĶӣ
˵ˣʾİɡ

ʮ

ؾִ֣ҾӲǴӽгＷʱ䣬 ҪȥƽϱǸŴ￴ƤӰϷ
ȥĵطڿ˷õķٳĺӡ
ǴԻӰ壬˵ƤӰϷķԴأԻŲٸ֣һֱĴȥףӰλƽϷһ·͵֣ƽɽԭ쳣վȥɽɽɽⶥźƣϸ죬ɽ·ʱдʯ¡ߣҲֻпͽǰС
ǰͷǾḻ·ˣͷǹľǿôһ·ѡ
 Ҷô鷳Ҫȥˡ ȻЩźҪνΪϲöôʱ䡣
 ʲǺȥ𣿡 һĨϵȺ˵ ϲĻͲ鷳
֪ԼģƫƫõĲˣƮƮȻ
 ϴŪ˸ʵǸƤӰ͵ˡ 
һ˵һٶȾŽǰ̽·ܻһüҵ˼
ע⵽·Щʵ Ҷ ǰͷôˣ
һͷ°ʾ⣬ ҪˣǵÿϵС
˳̧ͷ濴Զƽ̽ɽϣһѹǳݵļƣټɽ·ɳʯ߶ҷס
ǰŻѲɽ·ʮɽ·ʱ顣
ҺȻǣ֣οƵ󣺡 û£˵ҲͰʱ͵ˡ
 š  ôľǣ֣֪ܲ밡
 ˰ɣ ״ĵĿ ʵҿԱȥġ

ר·ר·ҹ·ߵöһСľͱԵֻʣǼӣš
ʵʱ򡭡ԽԽҪƤҪ˾ԼΪԼ
ʵҲԵġ ɫȻһ䡣
Լ޼ĺԲָģջ Ͳܺúõ·𣬷ϻࡣ 
еĻͷЦЦüĿ㲻ŵۻɿԸ߻ڣԺòҫۡ
Ҹ֤ǰʱȻʱ䣬㵽Ӱ壬ѵǽԲˣ̾˿ߡ
ӰҪ࣬ٲȻİͨǷһһƽ;°
ƽҲֲסɹƻũһæ׽Լҷʼһ߶Ⱥ˵ ʲôƤӰȥ峤Ұɣ
Ⱥһ²֪ԭ˴ѡٵΨҪΪԼϷΣ峤ģȻһˮƽ
ԽԽԭúڵҲɫĺȻˣһԭֱӾʹָĨȥԼƣסͷ ʣȥꡣ
õġ 
ֱ۱Ȼ޴ǣţһ·СܣҲ˲ʲôģѥ̤Ţ껨ĽЦһ
ӱǼ⻬ɼЦУʱů
Ӱ峤ÿͣ˵Ŀĺ͸ȥԼͽܣںðĻƤӰҪΪԶĿ˼˳һ
ɣ˲ʪЦеİ˵ӣԵĿš
Ϸѿʼһʼ°Ȼɫ̣ٵ˸ޣǵһ겻ϵǲˣ 
ݵĴͷ Ϸ˶ƤӰˡ
 Ȼǲġ
ݳĸľͷû˼͸ˡ
ԭΪǵϷͺܴˣһ֪ԼжˣɽɽֻһɲԶľ֮ѡ
ҴӺȻסͷ֧ϣǲӵĶʱģŵĺš
 ǸԺݸҿͺˣҲûϵ Ұο
 㡭
 ǸʾͽңҲѧҲ  ΢Цţҡһ˫ۣ ǻкܶʱ䣬 
Ӵ峤뿪ʱҲͣˣ·˸߳ңǰɸϻƽҪӰסһ
ҳƬ̣գߣأ
Ҳá ҲԼ˯СׯĴԸȻƽϢٻؾǡ
Ըɺ󣬻س̵·Ҳûôˣֻԭ𽥳о֮ƣɽңһһš
һ·ֵüͷɡСꡣ
ʶѳҵץĸЩ ôҪˡ
 ɽ꣬˵ 갲οƵĶһЦȵȣ ҲȤɣʣ
ɽ紵Ƥ ҲʧΪȤ
ԭͲĻܿͱûˣˢɡҲ쬣ܿȫɫʻɳһѹֵɫǰ±ߵɽͤЪϢС㡣
صԭͲʵɽͤʱ̮һ㣬ܵؼֻʣ¿ǰգ۶Ǻѹѹģ岽֮ľΨһȷֻԽս̵ֺ¶ȡ
 £ʣء
ı飬ֻܲСʾӦ˺һᣬ 껹ûаҪС˼Щżˡ
ΧͤΧıһɵģҲǿ֮ĩƵģǿŽŲ
 ʣڴˣȽˮ һ߻һ߳ûձһ£ˮ㣬˵ľǳˡ
˵Щʲôŵһ󰵶ʼΪٵµĴŵԽǿңҪѵƤƸתƵģ˲֪롣
ΧҲо쳣ȫ壬Դ
 ץҵֱţʡ ҵƻصϣˣֻǶ˷ٴеĽš
ԽԽǿˣƲӿĳ
ȵȣɽ½ôо֮Լһ ͵ػͷãȻ䣬ֻͤɽƺڶء
ûӦⱼʲôͱһͤ⣬Ϊʩ͹죬ұһߣɽ·ͻʯͷȫʹɣ·ȫʪٶۣûˡ
 ץң
۵ó˿ֱ߻صųſֻۣղŻڵͤӾȻʧ
 ϡɽкˣ
Ǵʱڵĵطλһ޴б֮£գǲϲ㣬 գɣϸ룬һɽ˳кĶֱӹ£ܣҲǰ̬Σֻ֪˸Ƕɢˡ
 ʣ
û˵Ȼ䣬ֻ粿Ȼһƣһֱŵֿˣɣ󾪣ӵԭǸղ鼱³ҰƵȫĵطȥĿȫˮȴﻹаҵӰӡ

ʮ

̿־ղŵʱҲûô¹һɽʱͣЪסɣ۾̬Ǳ˼ʧɢĵطᶼҪˣ  ҶҶ
±ƺɣ˹ȥɽ·ߣײײˤȥ࣬亹罬 ҶĶ
ԭڰƵȫطѣ ղǲɽ嵽±ϣҺƾŹ˵ץ±ͻʯһ
ۿҾҪʧȥ»ȥԴٿգҲ֪˹ȥҲ±ϣ ץסѾѪģ֡
һҲ£һҲֻգ۵˲䣬 ҵҲ±߳ȥҵһڴĸ䣬ס»
ʡ ҶҲҶԼһ۵ ʲô֣
丹ƺ߹ǣʹз츲صӿˣ򲻻ܣ˫ֽץ֣ȫˮˮˢñ̹ǣʹС
ӡô׳ʲôֱۿסˡ
Զûѳֻмƣ˿и
ŵ˻ţ ʡ֣ȻԼġһʯҽͿġ֣ûȷ֣
껹£֪òŻͣҲ֪ЩûӪǣЦֱֻۼѵʹЦ̫ⱲӣҲûԹ۷
 㡪㵱ʲô֪дʯϵôΪԼṦָ֣ 㻹𡣡 סʹ޵ĳ嶯 ˾ôŲ𣿡
ˣҲûˡ
 ׼ɿ˵֣ף˲׼
ұڼ͹ӲʯĦֱۼ䣬 ʹ һ΢ͷѵ ӼͷӿʹҲ   ˵£㵽
ͷסƵģ͵ͺ 
кüΣɣΪԼ첻ˣһŹˣ粻ֲģ¿࣬־أ޷󵽵ġ
ѾǵǸëˣûץסҲſҵ֣Բš
Ϊ˾ҪȥҲνġڹлǹ⣬Լİ취Żųҡ
ԼհףҲΨֻǲܿƵĽץš
 ˵õġ ޻ڣȻ˳ŵͲᷴڣڲǾеȡ
ʱ򣬲ɽƺֿʼɽҲݻٳһƬҲܲܵһĳ
 һԾŶδʳԹ㲻ɹ˵ġ
ʶƮţɽε˯ȥҪ죬첲ʹҲɢȥƵģ۽ཥʧ
 ҶҶ㻹𣿡
 ڵģʡ֣˺öѪ ֻҲ ȥҾ㣬òã
Ȼʹ尾ҡҡͷûж
ؼ䲻ͣЪţԺ룬ɽҪˣһҪסⱲӣֹʲôһеף̫ˣ׵ûȥϧʲô
ǰۻԴõģģʧȥģʵƶ񤣬ҲµйֿѣйˣȻǶȥˣֵҵǣ гڡ
ǻкܶʱ䣬ֻҪԼֶһᣬǻкܶӿԹ
Ҷ˺ؼҰ
ģ΢΢촽
ڻϯɽʣĲʯÿÿ϶һ٣һϹͷĿ찤סˡ
ȫʧȥʶһ˲䣬ǿοˡ
ɣһӣûٶԲ˭ˡ

ʮ

һˣҪ̹ڲģҪԵˣѣ̸װ
ɣʲʥˣĵҲԹԹأҲһ겻˵׻ʼҲûʲôͬ
ѩ䣬Զ÷а㸡ɺ㣬ɾ££ëƤӣŽŲȥ
ǵԼСʱͻʺ»罺ǶҲŻʺͻʫ÷˲Ŀ
ԼȶһǾȥɽͰ÷˵Ƕһɽͷϵİ÷ɫʮá
ֻϧڣȴȫǣƵ÷ҲȻ񣬰ݵ޷԰Ρ
 ϣ̫ء
üͷָ̫ʾķȥֻѩУһССĺɫӰ庮š
СüĿƫ䣬ССѾǲЦӣ̸ҲԵüϳɣȫ޺ͯ
ԴȥҲٳ棬ż궼ûһǲǲˡ
 ʶù˿
С곤ÿ죬Ѿ쵽ؼˣѾʱ𼸷ֵʧ
 յĹ𣿡 ͷСꡣ
ü۳ĺܿƴһܾǿӲӣ괽䶼Щϣ⣬ûԼּôЩȥ
 ظʣչζˡ  һһ۵Ĵ𣬳ĽëȻ´һ¡
û⵽ǳɬַůֵ ôôأ˶ʲôȥˡ
Щû̫ӷͷֻ¹в۵ū۸С
ֻ  ĥǣΪů˼շСԻǿ
Ƥһ飬 š̫˵ʵ̫ĻɾͺˣůŪôأ˾һӣҲʹİ
 ֻжһ𣿡 Ȼ̧ۣͫӣеçײʣ ǣԺҲ𣿡
֪ôģֺĸоʹ࣬Լһǰ˾ͻʧ
ſڸ߶ԷȻԺҲֻˣٶ࣬ɺȻ䣬ѩԵĺ÷֦Ҷ裬÷֦ʱ춼Ѫ÷ڷѩۡ
ŬۺǰȴûӰӡ
ҶҶ ʧǵѩ˼Ұﾡûб߼ʵİѩֻһ˶ڱѩ֮ϡ
 Ҷ
Ȼ䣬ǰվһˣͬǺۺڷվš
ѹ˲ΪΪеķȣһǳһŵ̤ѩֻԼգǰֻʧ
ʡ 
ʱ˿͵ȥݺץӣίǼĺ
ʣ ֱʧõĿϲ ˡˡд
ҡۻңͷԽƤʱǰﻹаѩ÷֪ղŵĶǻһΣ㲻ģסģߣǰˡ
Ҷôࣿ
ˣɽգڿƽⶼǲǹؼؼӲŶʮδô㲲ޱ߷ˣ
ûشһ˵ӣֽճȭۿ죬ϲĲ֪ںδˡ
һֱڴϣ뱧ֲұӣ޴ĸӣ΢Ʋ ʣõң˵˵㿴õ𣿡
ԼԻڣ϶Ȱ˵ ̫ʱʯͷͷһʱϲϡ
ţԴôһӡҲûˣ
һֱڴߣ°ϴƬĺͺĲеۿʹסɺ֫ΪеǳĹˡ
̰ȵߣ˵ʲôҲûϵġֻҪ˻ţѾܺˣݲԣֻĿתĿһֱڲϵĶŴ˵Ż
 ʣǲ˵
Ѿͷˣѹַ˿ܺǿ£ͷͷϣɺԵ۾ʪ⽥һٴȷԼûۻ
۳ˣ͸Ǹ߸ϵĺӣôôʾء
֪һͷ͵͵ Ѿ˯ˣʡ
죬ˣ˯ǻ裿ҡ˭źԺģĻûϵС㶼ʧĵز
 ˺ܶΣѲô졣 ţץųӣͼԼ 㿴ƽʱֲ壬ǲԸදһҡ
ɣ﷢ᣬͼָ޹ΨƵ ˡʹ󡭡Ȼ˯õ㡣
˫űӵֺһҲԸʱ̧ͷӰͷȥ˵ˡ
졭졭 գۣ͵ Ͳͷ𣿡
سҵˬˣֱأ ͷˡ
ˣȻûԵģôҲ˻أôϢûС
 ѣӺѰ֪𸸻ʣ
룬ʵ𣺡 ʵĲ֪
ղʹļ䶼ģˣôʹ£Ǿǰɣαؼǵá
˸ΣεСʱ򡭡ʱŰһ㣬ֲϲԣҶϴˣǱˡ
ȻǺ뿴ӿޱӵӡôһصϰ
˺һ󣬳ҲƽϢŵ۾ӢʮֲƣЦ롭
գָЩ뿴ףСòᡣ
 û̫ˣ̫ˡ
°ϵĺĥЩʹȵģһᣬ¶Ƶģ Ҷ˵֣ǲûˣ
ѿɿ˵Ҳֽ޷ɳʯ飬ûˣҲֻֻҪҺúõģֽţҲǿܵġ
ֻҪҺúõģͺܺãֽŵȻѿ˵㣬ҲѼһΪҳ˷ִ硣
üëһšɫã ʡ 
 ԺҪˡ û־Ķţ ҪԹ˺õ㣬֪
һӾЦˣ˹ͷŵķɦǼ⣬ ˵ʲôԺ󸸻ʵȻġ˭ҵġ

ʮ

ܱݵѣ ֽŶˡ
˵ Ϊʵ߹ǹͷˡϹͷҲˣкһӶˡ þƽ͵˵꣬һڲȵķ°Ħ࣬ ûˣֻҪʺúϢܿͿԸԭ
ԭû˰ ͷɣÿͰ͵֤ ҪƭҪǴġ
ָ֤ ģϡ

ߣû֪֣˵ ʣԭĺܴ˺ü˲Űִϰ⿪ʡҿɲ룬ʵϲҵģ 
ףΪʲôһֱԼôͣǰʼôɹģԼҺӻȱţΪʲôҪﰵﶼԼôء
 ˲˶ֶϽŵģԽôת䰡㣬Ϊൽ˳ô 
һ㶣漴ϲüңδʺЦŽٺϲ㣬 Ҳǡ
ҲǸʲôҪ˵ôײôţƤ
 ʣǻؼҰɡ
һ·۳Ͷ٣ҡҡɢĲ㻹ǳŻؾˡ
˵ֻֽܽĹ̶ţһȫܻĴҲֻˡ
Ĵô滺˵ϾòɢʹҹæΪ˷ͽչ˸С̨ʾۡ
ȣֽ״ҿԳΪ۰ɡ
ţһ;Ҳͣ˵Ựģ˳ûִıʳ
 ٳһڰʡ 
̫նˣ֪ϲСԣǰŵšô࣬źԺȾͺˣĲű˰
˱ˣ籥ˡ
ÿȼһöðзС΢ЦŷŵߣȰ ʣԵ㲻£̫ݲÿ
촽ϣҲ̲סνʳ ɫ  Ҳһںסʱﱻ֭͵΢ģ̵ˮӶû¾̲סƵ˳ְ뻳Цÿͷǵ  ԰ʣ öҲʳָˡ
󶯾Ͷ갡һʲô۸ڶôɣ̾һȹĿǰ͵ŶԷ֡
㡪ȥۣŪʲôȥӡ ȥҲҪաҲô֮ܶ󰡡
߲ʲԸ̧ͷĿдŲ붯Ǽڲ䣬 Ȼȥᡣ
 
ðɡǸһ¡ ҵôߵİڳ

ǡ׼ֻɻ ӲͷƤɱСĸ ί չ㡣 
һͻҪΪ˾ĺܲװ

ʮ

ȵȣ ҶǱʲô ͷཻ䣬Ȼע⵽С̨ǵһɫΪ׵ӣ˵ǽ鶼ɫòʹ£λڼյִĿĵӣɴ棺 ˣ
д£ط򲻻־Ӽӡ
겻ģֻƽ ֻǱ߽¡ʱˣһúýġ
 ʲôֻǡ㵱˲֪򲻵ѱ߽Ļӣ㵽˵˵ ۲á
ãΪε ߽ʲô£ǰӣֲǰ¿ʼģɧű߽ĳ֮ԽԽ
ԭǡū΢΢λʱȵԺΪ󣬰ͬĲԣѱʮ꣬Ҳల£곯ͨóովģַµ۵ǻǾˣ⻼û١ĵ쳯Ƣ
ҰѱԸð취ǰնݳѵǾͲʲôʣģʮܸ꣬ûˡ
˵µʱҵתسйе壬Ǻ飬˿εɱִ߰һڴĺеĳ徢
ôãԼҺӡ׵ʱȻҲǺ˰֡
ѹ˵ǡȣʲôʩԭ˰
 ս¼Ȼ⣬ҲҪģʧԡ ȻʩǰҪվһ£ ֮ʦʹģ㻹̫ˡ»ǲҪ̫·ա
ҵ᲻䱦ݽ棬ƢԵˣλڸλⲻԸ塣
ϵıɱ¾֮Щã˿ȥ ̫ˡ
ǣ֪Լ޿ɾҩߣͯʱôʧ˵Ƣԣǳɲ˰ҵ˽ģϣҾдҰııߣһҵֿɵá
ϣɫԸӵ
̼ʹĽ⣬ı 赣ЩֻҪúͺãһպ÷ִġ 
֪ûнĻȥҲû취ˣֻϻƿƳһ£ҲûôˡðɣⱲӶϱ󱻱Ҳһ;
֮ұۣûйؾӳǰգҲã۲δҲãҲûԵöൣǣгҲϤġ
Ҳȥ࿼ǹ£ÿָ֫ϰùˣҽһ֤ͷѾˣֻҪڼϰͻָǰ
ұҪţÿնһԶٱ޲ߣ͵һ¾Ͳɣ˼Ҳˡ
Ҳðڳְ׺̬ɣֻֽŲûзϻͯôĿʲô
ſֱۣԶĵطЦôⰻȻ⣺ʣﰡ
ΡΡסӣ̿ˮáһТӣ׼ǿ׼ܱ߶վŹŮ̫࣬ô˼Ҳᷭɣ
 ʣͿϢһˡ ǹ
㣬ʲôӡ
 ½ӲŸʰ 궯ֱۣЦɣ 
ҧݣƺ̤һܺãվסˡ
̧ͷһɫҲרעؿ˫ţĿһ һַǰȥ
ţ ҽй¶һЩţ ¡ġ
û¹صĽźܲС˫ϥһ ǰȥţͱţ˿ͷ ۡ
ڳһָֻοȿ һԺͺˡ
鲻Ըǵ˵ԼҺӸǲ̫ЩڻǿҸܵһһ˵Ĳ಻ϡ
Ȼǰŷڶ͵ȺҪô㣬Թŷûúý
·𿴴뷨Ц ʵĸʵѾܺˡ
԰գ˫һ˲䱧ۣԼصĽż⣬ٿƽŵۣʱΪԡ
ǺЦӲʵữ࣬ʵ ҪתȦɡ
 ҪתԼת˲㡣 һһСôһ𣬾Իɷ羰ҡЩͷԽԽԽǺĹŮҲʵܿ
ЦˣɢȥһˬʣӲǲĻԭת˺üȦɵ˶ˡ
 ˣͷΣ㡭 ܾɫתʱͷתĳͷϣ 㡪
Ȼ͹Һˣȡԭ⺢ӵǲصĽ˵㣬ıܿ׵ľϹͷˣͷͷϣ ų԰Ȧӡ
챻ֺεҸˣÿһǿ紫ȾģôԵĸųһɵء
תͣס껹ǱͷȴתߣȻ任 ôˣ
գգŵۣƫͷǱŵ̫ߵ׵  ϣ˵м
ȴ仰΢սЩ

ʮ

һɫ೯ɫüͷϲ־ϲɫΪӲĴת񣺡 ΢μϻʣϡ
ƽһ˵ ʣȥ£ȻعϢһ𡣡
Ǽ⣬µıƽ͵ĵͷ ҲãҲˡ
һǰһ뿪ӰôͦɣٿԼվվĳڲϣ˵ԺͻᷳˣһôôĿ֪Լû͸ϳҵĽŲ
ղŻϲŵҸһӾͱʯͷҵֲ
 ϻʣҪڻع𣿡
 ᣬǼʱ䣬ʱ
޷ǹ£ҲҪ㣬Ժ󱻳ʲô
ͻʴٽ£֮ʱ˵ġ
ȻմɫҲ²֣û뵽ս֮죬ʱûθڣ¿ӣʵ Σ
ҳЦЦָ˿Ϻĵ ͻϮٶ磬ʧ΢˵㡣 
ƿ룬ʾⲻٳԣ ˭󽫾
ȻɭֽԸͻʵľǷḻ
 Ϥ֣Ƥһ
 ѵͷƢ֮ܣңҲƽϢϵԣɭɲ̫࣬ʱҲ
ɭϴγ˳ҵİУԴü£ֻʲ㡣
ʿеˣʲôã̫˵㡣
ǵɭһţƢ ʵڲУ˵
Ҷ˶٣ͣ꣬ ˵ɣǸʣ
ţ ѵü£ԷĶͷôˡ ǲǲˣ˶˵ô˯
괹˴ۣȻֱַŵһ¡
Ǻסͷ­͡
̶˵ ʣȥΣ
һƫӲͰߵ͵ײˣƤ򶨵ĿŹŮһʰһߵ ԼԼ
 ҵ²Ǹʵô ֺõ˳ǣסȼ֣ 㿴˵һǳõʱɼֿ󣬵ʤԻʧңһղҲԸ
̾˿ʱҲޱϵĵ⽣Ӱʿǵĺ׳٣ǽʱĥģ顣
ʵÿﶼһΡ
ڳңΪ׳־㽾ոūж־ķҺӵĸ߶ȣķȻɽ¡
ûԲԼΣҪȥ֧֣вᵣǣҲֻԼڶˣЦЦûг֣εؿһ ˵ж͸ȥսϿ̸ֻֽкأզǸҲϽ´ģ˹ûˡ
ôⶼݵˡ
ҵ׿ϣɫȴҲǲãֽЦ벻Цıʵ͸
 ʵ᲻Ұɣ
һֶ豭װ⣺ ʲôʲô᲻ã ô˸øȥû˼
 һܵӡ Ĵơ

 øѹˡ Ҽɤӣıš
һ䣬 ʱһֱŵİһӴŵĿˮһð˳һ棬Դ߷߲ɵص꣺ 㹻ûСǲǹͲȥˣȻҪȥͱ˵ô࣬ô˵㶼ʹʲô
һ㶣ȻЩĴۣѵͷȮ Ҳ֪ô˵˵϶˵ҲҲ㡣
 ˶˵ȥȥǹԼ£ò߹ˣ
ѹ ȻþͱĵȻ˾ͱѹǰֿЦĵĲһ𴩵Цû˼
 عҪع

ʮ

ĪĶ˺ü죬ʵ˵ǹһ㣬ϾΪһűæڹ£ÿζֻܴҴҸһյʱֱ黽ˣһ㣬Щ˼潻̸ʱָ
ֺƤȥ鷿ˣȥΪ֮ǰĳƢͣһڸȪԽ̣᲻
޲ã˯֮ʣһӼϴȻֽתһ ʻû˯ɣ

ҪˣҪʾһЩʲô𣿡 ƢЦУƣ͡
˿˯ˡ ̧ͷͷ䡣
ˣǿ̻ЦҲ˵ỰΨһõİ취ǲԲ˿ߡ
ֲˣ̣ôǰ׻ˡ
 ʣҲǹġ  С֯ŴǣֿĿǣ 춼ҪˣĻҪ𣿡
ȫûмܵˣͰ͵ ѡҲûв㣬˶ûôС
۵ײεص ʣ
ţ
Ҫ뿪ˡ 
֪
ԣɡ 껰һתþӿǵº
ʲô ˡ
ܺ޳ܵί࣬һɱصβë΢΢´ţ
ʰ֣ҧסһص۾ ƻǷ  һȥôҲҪü²ܹѵͲ𣿡
һһ˵Իǿצͻᱻһڿеͼ䣬ּӴҧҧƵ 벻룿
䣬ԭǵһߣħһɵģħϣ 롭 
չһЦ⻪ҫĿǶƫ࣬񴺹ߡ
 ɹۡ  Լҽڡ
ӵͲٳɵ£ֱۣȵĴͶ˹
ܣܰ
ɲһžոͣӿ ȫȻ޷мܣд϶Ż̧ͷݺҧ ˻š 
һǣͫ׺ڳģ͵ ҽ˵˸Ҫ˶ġ
 ӣ˰ɣ
 ʹģĺʹ˵ʱͣͺˡ ڳſɿı顣
ϣҲֻ÷ˣǰʱ˵һ㶼ŵġ
ȥȥ ĳΪ⣬׸ĺòҡ

 ܲսپܲסˡ
ڰæ̧֮ʪĿ˰㣬 ɶ 
ôǿĹ¾룬ĸһʲôֻɲԿӵķϣ΢㰡

ʮ

һ˯ûʱҲ֪ˡ
ȴƫͷһԱߵıҵѾյˣһûӦô£Ƭ̺Ǻ˺һֶڣű𽥳Ĭ
Ѿˣ֪ԷʲôʱߵģȻеǶȥ簡
ЩãĹڱجج˺һŮأɤӸƵʣ ʲôʱˣ
 ر£Ѿʱˡ
ʱźţ Ҳ֪ûУչﷱڡ͵һ̧ͷѸ ˸¡
ŮΪѣŵ ֮ǰԸúϢ
 ˵Ļǲ ǳ⣬ ¡
ʵ֮ǰҪҪ㽫ܻڴǰƣһһݱػỨʱ ڸϹȥ˵ܼһ档
ŭҵĲֱĸоʵ̫ˣԷ˥£Ͳôã͸ñ٣ƫƫҪΧǽսּڳ־Уһһ ϻɢþû塣
ԣ ûϹͷве־ս
ȫʹ촽ϻʵĻ۾Ȼʵʱ򴩵ĻҪϼ֣⡭Ǳ巣ɣ Ȼɷÿһ涨һ̫նģʵúԴĦ
Ȼ㣬ҪһʹĶۣÿһ̨ʹʹһ£ʹȴַѵ
ȥңһӰҲãҪӡ
ʹߵ¥ʵǰȥĵ㽫̨ԶԶıʿ߰ĺѪ̵ҧֱˣǵķҲˮʪʪģʪ͸˦̫Ĳһ̨Լȥ
¥Ȼֻۣ¥£ɫ¼׵ĲԭƬյѹúһƬţϵġ족ӭƮŵҲ֮Ӷצҡֱϣ˺졣
³أȴּĳ𾪵޷
Խ׳Ķ飬ȴԽʹģӥչ¥ХڿлĻȣ ȻһϤǡ
 ʣôˣ
Ѱȥֻһڿվڸ¥м䣬ŵ̫ǰµıֻվԶŹ⣬ͷµı顣
û־۷ԼҺӵӢ£ÿ߽һľͶһ㺹ڼϢѹȸ£ųҵֱʵ࿴㼸ۡ
ͷʵһźֲᡣ
һռÿһ仯ı飬ȻСĵĶ 𣿡
¥ʿϢؿǣ²ȵۺµ۵˵Щʲô
ҲɫؿȻֽţԼϥһ䣬͹ǰ
ȷԭ͸ߴٴս䣬ͷһڣȫ
¥ʿ״Ҳѵصһ£৵Χҷ
 ʣǵҪңÿһ㣬ǱҶһ㡣 ַձϣЦ ûãҲ
¥ʿֻΪǸТ￴ڵİӿ麣ӿɲɽк
ҪѡһԸ棬֪·Ҳáһ·ǳңǾνˡ
ֻҪгҾ͹ˡ
 ã ظһ䣺 ˻õġ
ô붼νǧ½¶ǣҪϧһֲǻ£ϲһ˸Ǵ£Ҫš
е̣΢Цͷ
 ǺãҪһڹҲҪúóԷ극ҲţһҪúɢһʵĽҪúõĲС
˵Ŭĵͷŵţ ţ˼ǵõģ´ιһúϵġ
һͣ漴׹ֲ֧ĵͷЦЦŬƲļͷããһڴŸʵϡ
ۣÿõԳƣǾԾڵ٩ô˺˵ҪȥˣȡЦоôĶӰ
Ŀ£Цô飬 ̫ǰѽʱСŪϹ
ƤһֲԾս
 뵣ģ ˻ˣֻǻʶõʱǧҪСģֱʹãϾ۰
һ͵⣬Ҫ󱲺úñܵġ
ʶȤЦݣɫȻ ǣ֮Դһ֮֮֮֮
԰գͷһͣһֱŵָ
 ʿԷ𣿡

ʮһ

 ϻʣǻϽմţҪڿ𣿡
ΪҪкԣǱźһϸϻҪڳ̲ӣһŬϲöһѹԼֶ֣ ǰɡ 
һɨΧźŵĹŮǣ Ƕȥ
ˣָĽǷ˽Сش
޹ؾܣֻͨĲͨİˣҲǳյֻÿζͷһһͷˮβͷһֽؿ˺ü飬ôҲ᲻
Ϊһžͻûʧ̾ӣǾԲñ˿ġ
ϺëմŨīдֺʲôƵģü˼ŨīһεεֽϣȾ˿ԭдֵİֽһ˿Ȼīе㲻˼Ŀ˼Ȼһָ˸ġ
Դͺˣк㴫飬Ͳýܼܲĵ
߹سԽū뺷ҰսַͷѾ˺ôĿЩе֪ģ˵Ҳģ֪һ˴ڹзùʱʱʱ̽˳֪µľ顣
дսҲֻǴһᣬҲŲŵıϲǣҿʵʱشĲ١
սѾˣȴûдͻƣ˴˽š
Żǲܴŵһ⣬䲢޲ףǰҲᷢʲôףֻڶ˷ۣ༸ΣܻᷢһЩ΢˿
鷨˶֪˱漰ָ⣬в±죬ϸ΢ˣڵź̯ƽڷһ̷ֽźñƫ飬Ʋԭۺ
ﲻѰ¾˰˹
һͷʣ ǲˣ
һûӦʵһ룬ҲҡϣָŲ豭ӡ
һҰ
ɵض촽 ¡ô֪ģ
˲֪𣿡 ҡ΢΢ζţɣ̾ ˲µġ
ֻľֲõǧΪϢۣĶѣƽ˳
һһҵ󣬽˵ĲȽУ ͷȹе¡ ˣ
ˣô鷦
ǱǹһĻʵۣ˭Ҳܱ֤һʧӣһһİ֣üͷһζŭ Źһʲô˼⻹ûײġ
 ǰڹūһСǺǣūļϸӪϲز̣޴󰭡

ƺΪ˰ֱϺϢ  ǰֽµоӪȡū׼΢ƣʮҾͻƣūʲ㣬Ĳõġ
վķ˺ܶ࣬һҲǸȪľɫ񴺾ȴңһ۾ģٿҶϡ
ʲôʱʤѾˣֻҪҵĺƽͻˣʲô޴󰭣Щ˶ҵ֭ɵô
ҲǣѾû˻˱ΣÿˣǰҲֻܣٷǲֻв̤õµ˿Ц
ԾҺʹʹúܣҲǰ¶֣һҪǿģὫ߸˿
ڣеطüʹٿԡ
ٿ΢һ£ˣǲܺʹģΪ˵ǵٵĿ
˵һ֮ڴսɽʹϧ𲻵ãڻŵʱװ֪ģԸĵһ֪ɵӣ˳ŶԷ˼дŲű߼ʵ
֪˳ʲôˣ¿ѪˣҲˣһºæӲȥ۽ǵˮ˫ĿĽֽۺãŷ
װԶǼ׵£̬ҪǿջЦ̫ˡ
Ϊۣ۵˶й޹ݵλ
ţ ֻѡ
ӳһ̻̲գҿĺӲսɱΪͷ­ѪǿﲻгҵӰӣʿսɳ˴Ѷû
ȴɱ֣һͷ⡣
ǰݱ˵Ҿδȫʤ׽ū죬տɰʦس
̲סЦĽʹȥЩ Ȼָͷ׻ж죬ûдʲôİϻɻң˼ǷȱģֱִһͿԴԭ
ԣӣ㻹ǿӱ޵ĸϻɡ
뾩죬 ʦһӳŵʮ 컨УƺѾѹ̫õĻʳȫڹٵϻţģıڣžʦĻ飬֮ǰƽƽȵʮǶĮԶģֱѵͷһġ
;¥̨ҲΪӰӰ´£ŮǽԼеĽ¸¥ʱ죬߲ɫӳŽֵϲǰŵѪսףһٹķͼ
ֱ֮ܶûʢݣ꣬뿴ϣɡ

ʮ

һվڻʹߴʦֵǰежӣ˼ĳߵĴҲѹֲסϻϲı飬һԹΪҲݴϲֽշˣ硣
 £ˡ ϧĺȻ˵ʱ¥˶ʱϢȥ
󽫴ӵǰŵĵˣƵսף˵Ӣ䣬˵ϣ̴ŴսɱѪ̩֮ɽڸͷϣûаΡ
ɤӶʱɣѺڷǷˣֻҪǿҪ棬Լ塣
һ˦ޣ飬ܱߵİȴԽܣ̤񣬰㲻úʯɵĴϾŶ̴ļ
ڻʹۣʱҲֻµġ
˫ְнգһʱȥƹ⻪ظŵ Υƣǳȥ̫ãЩ 
һԾ£վǰһԶĵطֻޱſ˫ۣԴһѹֵ󣬳üЦ ʣ
Χǵĸߣأһɣ˵Ƕ̣ÿһ֮ͬϣвٲ
ûвɣûгޣվǰĳҸɾĲУϲģ
ӵʹҲ᲻÷֣ѹŷۿһֵĹΪʲôʵ޷
ϵ΢΢ŵģͬһʲô
 ʣһˡ
ֹɣԴڿ껻ۡ
ļõͷֻڿδȬ˿ʱؿһƽòϰ䣬ҲóһǴ̵һ·£һŤ
 £µ  һ̶ϻѭǳҼȥֻΣóҶ㸣С˵ɹҲУԼںˣۿǶһֲǻ¡
 ҪŻᱣǡ ҲԼ˵⻰ãû־Ҳû飬͸Сһš
ȻͭǰŵͲΪЦЦһΪԼһ߻ͷɳ۽ü϶Ǳ˵ķɣ  ֶʲôŵģ㲻ѵǴ̿;Ͳˡ
ˡԭ˰
ôֻûʧļأɣԸдܣĿǴ˵λϣֻԼĆ»
 ôôģ̿˿ӣ £֮ǰ˹Ů̫ǣټĹֻˣ࣬Ҳرܻ˵¡
źõ۸߹ڣûĴ˹Ц ¾˰ɣˡ
Իҩûôˣ࣬ȥӢԽԽ̷֣ 㲻˵˾Ͳ˵˵˵˵
ʣˣȻỹأҪٳ ü
˵˵˵˾Ͳ֡ ᶨЦ ʵ
 ʵǡ գۣеݡ
 ˵˵˼ ֪Ͱָһˡ
һ۸ӣôҲ֣Щ֧ ҵʱڸдš

 ûע⵽ףһûӦ ƺܲ˵׮¡
дŶѣбҪô£Թ ûˡ
Ҽ״ʱͷöͷᴥļ棬 ű׵Ц⣺ ǰһ뵽ʣҩɾˡ 
͵ˣĺܴɱ
ҽ˵Ҫʳ巨Ǵٰɣ
٣
ʵ軨۰ɣ˭ܸʲôʱūŮ޵ֵزˣ
ϣҶλϣµĹԱµĽĥ£˷ڿ黶һѣģսūϵ輧
ԭŮϸ̬ľֹȺ¶¶۵輧Ѿˡ
ʵսŮɣ
˵ɣǼλ輧ϴﲨֺūŮɴŶǲм˰ɣ˳ֻƫţǴЦû棬
 ʣΣ žƱƫͷЦʡ
һ Ƶ Ӱɼɷǧתͷ˰ʨ
ƱˮǺָһ䣬輧ȴаˣʮץ  ʵҾûͦɫġ
 ӣɫͷλεĵء
ʣ
ɫʴģūʲôʱҲѧ˼ˣ ĿﰡĿﰡ Ⱥ˵иж
ϣȺ輧ȴ벢£һͬǰūʹǰݣ Ȼߴﹾ˵
ʹԱ߷ٶڣ߻ū̴ӣʣ ˵ʲô
 ϻʣ˵ոмλǵĹϣ׸ƽá
ɣƤһƣؿΪ޳͵ҵ輧ٿһǸƵ˿һʡ
̨ҲдΪ껹翿յĺ󹬶߶ǣȻϺȱˣһأŻԼķṦΰҵôһá
ǴһӶԲõϺֹ꣬ٷ˵ֻǹȱȱĺžơ
Щ£˵ξΣ̫ĲԤ⣬תĥ֪ʲôʱһ
ôԵΪҿǧĻ񣬴̽СòãмֿЦ
ʣҪع𣿡
ϯ׷ΪȾ˼˹ʡ
̾ϢΪԼԽԽƢʡһᣬŵ ţȹϯˣֻЩˡ
ָ۽ǣڲȵ¶ǼƵģ ˣ
Ц ţȲˡ
ĬãͫƹžɫֻЩĹ⣺ ǳԴˣ
ɣʧЦԼǵƾ˼ôò²Ҳϣ󷽵 Σ
һЦ˴͵Ĺӣʵվǰ
 ˵Ķ˭Ⱦָ𣿡 ΢΢ͷ꣬ʯѴߣ 쳣棺 ϲĶ˾Բ˭ҪҸ˾ġ
ҾôҲύ˵ıԷԼһЩµߣҲűʹ࣬ԸȥЩȻǰҪгߣֻҪгңûʲô಻Գԡ
ⲻ԰һݳȥȥ㲥¶
ģģһҲУԲУʮĵԲ
ʼ˶˽ԵģȻҲ⡣

ʮ

źݻһ§°֧ϣ ǣǣ ǧȾָ 

͵һЦˣ˺ܾƵģֲ֧űϢ  ʳԴ׵ĺϲȡʱһ𣿡
ɷ۲
 ҼȻǸϾɱôӦղ£ʡ һתȳϰ˵ ҪңһøЩֻҪҾУλֶġ
 ֻһ˫֣ʾ㹻ˣ˰ôô۾ͺá
ʣ˵ҹԲȥ°ɣ תΪ졣
ոջܵһصˣַƢſſĲ붯ˣô䣬ȥҪع˯ 
˼ ҪȥɣҹǺӱ̻ˣʲȥƤӰϷ𣿡
ô죬Ǹóȥ
Ǻãɡ
ϵҪȹϰٱô־ӦôֲʵģŵĻϲǻۿ۵ġ
󣬾˳Ⱥߣ;̷ߺȣ˵ֶһֺܱȤķ羰ٳҪ˵ҹУͷһ⣬Цؿȫ䱸࣬ǳļơ
ôˣ ȺһȻڼ˿棬ͣ ҵġ Ļôҵ⡣
Щյ ֪ Ǹղмġ
ίתͷĲ֪Ůӿŵֵز˰ǰο ûµģҲյģҪԼġ 
ЦԷǵһ֣һѣ˳˳̻ȥ̫ˣ˫ɶԵĶȥռ̻ĺλãǱм䣬޷ˣûһᣬվʹ죬̧ͷһֻ̻˿˲ҹգ£ͬߵ°ͼ㣬Ӳá
 ʣ͵  ƺ̴֣ⷢЦ
ȻҲ̻Ҫÿôһ㣬ǾɳϣǴҴתۣ ûûڿ̻ء
ھʦַСǷ֡ԼȻҲȥ·ˡ
֮ǰһһȺӵ£ҲŴߣȻ˳ɢȴԼİˣЩˣһıӣ ôഩ㣬ԼҲУ˶ûõ˻Ȱ
ں Ҳ䣬
ڰȻսĴȻȵģΪû׼ȻҲһͬúϢȵЦʣ 𣿡
 ÿ·ԣܻ߳ȥġ ¹⣬ּ粢˳һֱߣ˵ӰںϽһѷֱ˴ˣﴦƺв֪ﴫЩ΢Щˣҿּ¶ȷʵġ
˺ܾöû߳ȥ
 Ҳû취·ȹҪϡ Ҳе㷳꣬ŬάԼ棺 Ҫҡ
ΪҲ·Ӱ꣬Ҳÿɰůͣȴ˵ ôΣÿζߴ
ʵҲ·Ҳûϵǻкܶʱ䣬 һĵĵȳ·Щ·͸Ĵ£һ޷Ĵţÿ뿪źˣһӶûǵ߽ͬʱ̼ĸо
ҿ߻㣬Ǵҡ

ʮ

еĲңǳҺȻˡ
һҹ̫Լԭô٣ⲻ֪ɽǰһСԵ굱عȾ˷纮յ糯Ҳȥˡ
 ˶ûأ㵹ˣ㿴㰡
Բڴ㲻ϾɫҲãǼЩ죬Թ ԺһעģšȻȥô㣬ȿӡ 
ڴϣ겻Ŀղ̫ǵӣã ⶼ˻ˡ һɨۣ ˯
ŶӢ룬޶˶Ե࣬ Ǻá
ڶʱһߺܿ˯˹ȥŰҩ㣬 ֻԽ÷꣬շ̫ҽ˵֮ǰ̫ۣʱˣеͳɼ˼
ʲôЦʮõϻͳɼʣƽձȳæЩЩҲڳɼ̫ҽԺˣϲʣʮǰ˵θòܳճԲҲʲô¡
ҵķ纮˺ܾöûȬԽյĵҲס֮С
ʶֹܲǷ纮ô򵥣ı֮£ҽµ ϴδǵʵ˵ӣ纮һѲˡҡ
ţ ʲô
һϱԭͱȳЩ
ܣС嶼õúܣ飿鷨𣿡
ʺѲģµҲ
ⶼǶǰˣ̫ԶˣõЩˡ
ʣ ˯˶ˣ ̫ҽãѵõһᣬɬ۾ϡͿģȻ֪Լ˯˶ã ЩˣȻ
ɵӣ㶼ˣûڲǰ¶ɬ̬֮ĳǿ ã͵˵ȵòͷˡ
ڲ£ǳǳӰΪӱԵʶЩٻӱգЦºƽ  ʣɵùͷҪˣȥ߰ɡ
Ҵñǣ  ˾Ҫŵģʱ˶ֶϽŵʱ㲻Ҳô˵Ŷֻ׼ݹٷŻ𣬲׼յͷ갡Ͱš
ʵ죬ţ⻹ǲ˵ǵòġ
 йŲ𣿡
겡ɣȱɣȴЦֺõ ãиҾͼŰɡ
ɫһ ˵ʲô㡪˳ҩ
״ζֹŹֵҩһ䱧ԹҲûеľͺȥͷҩʱƼȥʱĵ˵ְա
ϲ̬Ĳʹȴ޷ܣָֻ̿бԼԼʱҪǿҰٱ
 ζĶ̫ҽԺܰĳ ıԹüֹе㺢 ҲҪˡ
ǿһЦǵ ҩڲ׼ȡ
ĬĬãſ룬Ŀϣںȴ޷Գ
ᶨӣСӾǿ׳ģûκβ͸ƵģĻһ͵ء
յȱôҲҰµ̫ɱ̫࣬ڼǴֻƻ
ֹʱҲڣԱǰ֪ͳ˵ʲô
ǳԴ̧ͷŵЩã߽ʱˣЦ ʣˣ
ͷɫ￴κζߣҾˡ
ֹ̤ǰһȴڳݷ°·̫߳ʧڰĴ
ղ̫ҽԺҽ۳ҵĲ飬̫ഫ˵ѹˣڳλѵϢ£էէϲᣬ һͲ㱻ݷ
ڳҲţǾԲܿģڹ˽Ҫš
ù۽ϣű֣Ц ţ䰡˽ŷůȻǳԺòã
Լÿ仰ƽȻùܣҽ˵˵ԻָҲǺܹؼġ
ȭߣȺˣæ˳۵ָ䶼ڷ £ء
˵꣬Լһ飬ˣʱ˾ԽǰοԽ
æԼһҿǱɵġ
ֲ£Ӧһĳһ߳ңֻСѣʲôķΣֻҽó˵İϷѲ˵ԽأԽҽǵ
ǻʼˣӣӵġ
꣬ûһ˵ СѣʲôأǷ纮𣿡
 ˵
 ҽ˵⼸վ࣬˭ ҹɵ˵
 ס
ͷߣ긧Ķͷ΢ȾЦ⣺ ʣҰɡ
ġﰡ е졣
ЦָָԼ ţ
ΧĲӣڷ̣ѵ 㡭۾ȡ
ɳɤӾܾŲһҲеʹӣ ҪźãԿһ㸸ʡ
ΨкƤȥƤйŵҩζߵ
һƫԴָָԼҼգ  
ָæͣԼָŽɽÿһ綼Ź
ĩˣ ΪûƲһתͷʱѾϵı飬΢Цڶϣɳ ʣеĲ㡣
һ ֱ갵 ˱ô࣬⻰˵࣬˵̨ʲô 
ҷδţδƿȵߣ૵ ʣ
űͫ΢Խ½ǡ
 ϲ㣬ʡ ˵ԼڻཻĺԵʮۣ  ֻϲ㡣
 ע⵽۽ëǲŵġ
 һʼǣôŵģ Щա
 ˽ˡ ó˵ЩɥһĲųҵĳʣ òã
 á Ұۣ Ҳûãô죿ֲǺܺáȥɣҸôܾģ
ţٶȣһһͷĲߡ
ڿϣЦȣ ʿȥ˯
̫ɫţֹǵĺ°̤˳ȥ һʱ䱻紵ۣ̲סͷƳңǵѾһ˿϶ΪļŵڵľڸڣʱָƵģ ΨһǳֹӲڵĵذ壬еҹҵҹա

ʮ

ƺһ棬ǼٵΣ棬ĻĻ
 ϣϣ
һů˹˯ۻŷգգſĿ԰ƬĻԶľףů񣬺԰ ɫˣﻹз꺮ҹ
ϴ˸ǷŸղŵʲôΣ˰춼ûͷֻգ ԭȰŵƤӰһߣ һƤ ǶôῪʼ͹ȥˡ
һԵĹŮͷõ͵͵ģݺһ £ҹûᣬոĻˡ
һ㶣΢һȻһֱƫͷ룬˯ǰȷˣָָ곤ϲ˵Ĳ軨ʵ ɫ軨ֳģ
 ػϣСֳģʮѧʿС˸ȡ˸֣ˡ
Ŷ⵹Ǻ֣Ļһֱֲʲôûÿ궼ӮͷʣķͻϣҪΪ˺úصӰ
οÿ궼òĻɫССɺͳأ ͣ͡
ǻɫŹֹ֣Ŀͷл
ɣӹŮҩ̫ҽԺܻ׼ʱ׼̵ĽЩҩ͵ϣںδӹǺõĺܣĲҪô˲Ƶղҩ
ίĽпҩȾǣֿζЩŻ
 ϣ̫Ҫ𣿡
һ̧ͷɬҲûôˣֱ𱳼Ц  Ͽ
ûһᣬԶͷһĨӰƣǵ̫ӳеؿĨӰµĴ磬̤ƽڴ΢΢ţÿһ㣬޷ѹƵĳ֡
ʵڵȲˣ齣ǰ˼л ʶ
Ӱһ٣ƺΪʶʮ粽ʮϲػӦһ䣺 μʡ
͵Ķ㣬˲ͱ˸͸һػƵͷվȽŲߵ̫๬Ůۣۿּķ
̫ҲŵҪﲻϽţ ôˣ
̫Ȼȵͷۻ ӿֲسǻ䣬ʹĿϣ־ֹǹ˳ӿϣ̫רעԴ𽥿հ
ϵĽѾˣ˵Ϣǰڡ
ãɢȥ󣬵ʯʲôˣͷһǰüĿӢһºͳȵȴϤˡ
̫ˣɫ̫Ϥڶ˳ǰѾˡ
˵̣ĺûаܸɱ뺷׶ūȴܸԼ˥ܵ壬ǲĥˣԺߵҲͻȻڴ䣬úû˺ܶΣ˭Ҳ벻׷ͺڷˣΪôῴߵǸ
ʵʲô벻أקϵģΣ͸Ρ
ֻǼԲãǶѣ˯Ժˣ˽ҹûзҪûʲôͻ磬ЩǰѾûˡ
ɣߴԼҵļ䣬گµǻڻѡһǷΪ̫ӣ̫ϻֱΪʵۣںʧΪһȤ¡
ߣ ̫ΪʾԼТģֺõķ֣ʣ
ƿˣϿյҩȥΪνŭֹߣ ˡ˭׼й˵ģ˭׼ġýе𡪡˹ȥ
ԽڳռǸλãȴ޷ðȾָ֣̫ģֻģⲻͬĶҲС
ֻ֣ҺӲܽС
̫һӾˣ£ Ϣŭˡ
ŭʱһ¸ղŻ۵ǻ鲻ãɣϺϰߵתָϵĽָ ùΣȥɡ
ѡˣʤأֻʵۣһ㹻ˡ
սū˳ôöû£ڳﻭ˾ţѳɣȴû˻һңкܶʵֻۣһӶѡ
һʣùŨޣ̴ʷϣƾ
̫ӹ˺ֹסֶԼȷԼȷûڷΣ⼸ֲ̤ʵĸол㱵ģ벻ʱȴܿѺȴãȻʹࡣ
͸ˣ˳Сʱģ⻷ɢĺܿĶҵʱʱӶˣΨһǵõĴֻгڲʱǲһ䣬ʣеĲ㡣
ˣֻԽˡ
Ȼ˲ܿգϾǸ֣ǿȡ˵ľġ ΪʵۣҲӦóóǾðȿɿҪѳҴĽɽܵúúõģǳ˻䣬Ҳֻʣˡ
ף ̰̰֮飬δ̰նգֻãö䣬ȴһƺҲȦѭ
ʡϣ鷿ţҪȥ𣿡
Ъᡣ
ðܻУ˺øҪʱݣѻ궼£ãһֱ߸ϵģû˻ᷢзпס
ˣһӣ˵ףȴܷˣ٣ɢƣܹҪһ˵ģĹһӣֻǷе¡
̲סǸҹԲããžִھǵСɫ˵ļϣϵ¶Ҳů͵ģʱþ·Ҳûʲôĵģһܻҵһ·ġ
ˣһΣѵСﻹû꣬Ѿ˾ͷˣֻʣһˣһˣ޶ѡ
 ãݰɣһ𣿡
ػϣΪҪȵ۵񲿵ŴҲˡ

ɢĸ˯üȣ˸ϲ˺ܾõΣξܳûʧɢҲûбͺӶû˵ǺƽǣһߣûվǶѰżҡ

⣺ 

а̬һȴǧٹָвͬһʼ鹫䵽ϹūڼѼ˼̬̬˶˳ʱΪȴû˿ʱʩһ̼
̲ʱ򣬼̷ϤĻػްǸˣ ǰ̬ȶ˵ơ
ʵۼݱ˺ܾãʱ򣬾֪Ǵ޵ˡ
Գû̫֮ĺøУҲܷǸ߰ߣۼıԣȳǸ۹ΰҵھ˿֮硣
ֻϧ˵㡣
Ӣ۳ĺ˰ͷүĶҲʵСЩ˼Ѽͷ
̾ðź꣬ϵ˳ֹڲǰϻʵӰӡ
ҽ˵ҵʵûдôãµѲʮʵ͸ʡ
ϴο飬жѣѽǰӢǸ˺ǰĽ֮غһӲҪȣֻͽˡ
ϲ¶ɫֻؿҽʩ
ϵڻҲǿü°ͽʹֻȥ˳ҵ壬ûжȥΪĽ͹ִ
˺һᣬ۾һƽ˵ˮ䱸һۣˣ˿ 촽΢ ࡣ
΢ڡ
ԱøЩ⵽Һͫһһǽࡣ
֪ԼѾ޲ˣһӺ侲ģûʼ˹еĿڷԸ  ȥگ
λ˳گʺϲġ
õگ飬ڳʾ£Сش򿪣һĿʮеĿꡣ
ҲûֱֱŴᣣ޷꣬޾֣ڵԵмᣬֱİˣ˼Ѳ⣬߸λڳ֮ϣָʱΪκ
ֻǣұϾҲ֭ɵģ߳ƵˣҲϲһ졣
 ߺͰдͺã޴ȳֲ¡
ס Ѿﰵ˲ˣڳҰǡˮ
ɫƫӲ󣬲ڳǰʾ ֻýʣֹԼԣǾ󾢿˶
㣬㡣 ѹסԵͷɨʱӥЩ
گǰȥȴȻӱ֣һץסֱۣͻʱگûȣϡ
ֻҶͷѣƴһץ֮ǰ侲Įʱһ㣬 ĲʲʵЩʧ룬 ֪и
 ҸʣԺչˡ
 ҧֱʹ챻Ƶġ
 ĻŵĹס ̫æЩ ˵ļ࣬ңŲ
ס ƲۣĪʹˣ̲ô꣬ôഹ֮ˣôջôƸУ
˵Ǿ䣬Ƶģ̱ϣڿڵĴžϢҲʼʱʱޡ
Ѿ˴󳼣컹Ŵꡣ
ϻϣǿסϻˡ ̫༱ܽ ϻ˵һҪ
ΪʲôûϻʵӰˣҲ̲סȰ Ĳϻ𣿡
ղͣ޷ָۣ΢΢һ£عž
 ȥ˵Ѿݱˣ 
̫£ ūŲҡ

ʼҹأȵݱָҽ˲ٶա
޷ֹĿ̫˳ȥҵĹִµľڴߣѾֲ崲ϵ˵ǻѾʼţϼݱˣϼݱˣĿǵصϮǹһһĴڣֱȺڰ޳Ҫ
ϻʣͷ ģٴѣϣһת⣺  
ϤſڴԼѹֵĿȾѹ֣Ҳʿˡ
ſۣãķרע档
 ӣܲˡ ҳǷɵһᣬʱۿͱǼе졣
 ࣬
گͷһۣʱѾ̫ҽ룬һϣ
н죬ΪϻʣԼģΪǸһңƭ ͿҲϧ
ģ̵̫࣬סıȽϺá
߾گӭŵĴ꣬ ǸЧҵˣ һһ䣬ڳϺ
 ϻʣѾݱˡ ʵԼڶɸǹ
Ϊ˵ԼƵģٴگ飬 ظ Ѿݱˡ



ǧʱ겻֪ԣһֱÿƪĶи⣬ ζ дĵĸǶ߱ͷǳϧź¡
ƪĵľ䣬ĩµǾ䡰ãö䣬ȴ  ÿ˴ӤأΪһ·ϵĵõֲϵʧȥǻʧȥĸʧȥѣమİˣҲһȥⲢ˵Ǳ磬ֻÿ˱ҪʵУʺ ǣһȥ
ϰϰ飬飬ͷϣҲֻ϶ѣһ·ҪԼһ·ôƣƵصģ
ǣĵһºһ£˼һģһĳģʱոУ԰Ļ ֻ˲ͬˣҽԺַҲʱʱ̿ӭ
Ϊ˵꣬˵̫С޷Ƶ̫࣬ǿģǿȨλĻıԣͬʱҲǹƽģΪȨƾһ棬ڱϣǹƽģȻϳôǹƽ¡
룬صģȻÿ˶ᾭȻԵǿɲ˵ƽȵأ
ɣΪҶ𣬻Ҷڣһˣȡϣ΢˵㰵⣬ʦǾ  ޱҿǼƣʮҲǾûġ ҲΪԺ˷ʣʮ꣬ʵʵǵƴ۾ģ˵ļǲɴ⣬任˵ġ
ԽԽǻᱧԹԼͣԼĲϣ͵ˣǲٽֱԹϣŽƷŴдɸĳһԸ񣬳ˣǶ״ˣӲˣǶԹȥµˣ֣ǧʧڣµãȴʱĥˡ
ԣҪȵжˣԼʲô񸸻ʶһ˵ھȵĴΪ˴£Ӧö˼֣Աһ㲢ǻ¡
ΪԼʲôôУʵʲôУֻӵеʱ̫ԼǰˣʧȥһḶ́ڻʧȥ˲䲢£µδ޷
ʣ 飬䡣


END
صļԣwww.27txt.com ṩȥ˴վŶ
