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һ ҹԼ 





һӣİϡ 

ֻм֣ʱСһ- 

һֻʹճͷֵģֻеˣԼӢʱҲģ 

˶֪ؼʲʱеģΨһܿ϶ǣųµһҵĳңڷҲȥǡ 

Ӣؼֲ࣬һ۾Ϳɨ꣬չŵؼϵī㡣 

Ǿֺţ챦īī﷽ԲҲֻгõī 

˱ضǸʼѵˣڽ䱸ɭϵµһׯڣҵ鷿ؼÿһʶǶ˶Ҳһ˿ĺۼ 

ؼӢÿ겻֪ҪնٴΣ˵ŵģֱڴģֶսģ̫һսսʤµһҵļ̳ˣõĻ᣿ 

εؼҲΪǣΪʲѡʱ 

һǰͰʾҪٽЩ䣬ӢĸѾʽӹ˳ҵĴСȻЩëͷСȷԼĵλˡ 

Ҳ⣬ǳӢлĳ嶯 

һɲʤ룬ҹԼ޶˵ıԼһصɫʣֻǸĵһζķɡ 

ʱһʱ洫ɵĿ 

ЪСó˱࡭ 

ӢЩüģѾߴʮͷϸġܶ²÷ԸҲʮѵõǴӲ죬ºзִ硣 

Ȼв֪ԭ񣬳ӢǰŴˡ 

վſڵ˵ü˳ۣı飬Ǳǫ̬˸ʮʮ 

°ɣԳȥˡ 

ǡСһֱû̧ͷ˻ҲǵͷһӦԳӢȥˡ 

СıûʲָժĵطǳӢִĲ֮СʲԭԼҲ˵ 

ʱҹѾȫһ¸ҹգƿӣ΢ҹ紵˽ϵؼӢһƮ˳ȥ 

СҲԶϸ˵ڳׯ԰ɽС 

Ϊµһׯƣʮ꣬ɽѾԽԽˣٲȻ˳ҵ˽ 

Էѵص㶨ڴ˴Ȼ޿ֵζǲ֪⣬Ϊ˱䣿ǳӢ½µ 

ҹɽнЪ˻УʹҪڵϣȻڵϵ֦Ȼ۶ϵ 

ӢԼ᲻УǶԷѾúЩѾ̫ೡ䣬йġֶʶˣˡ 

ҪάϵסµһׯҲù಻ܶἰֶΡ 

ʱ 

СĺϵӳµϹǸҹһƬƽľɫǶһĻԹ⣬ɽˮƾ˼ɫ 

һΪӢˣվ¹С 

Ӣע⵽·వɫİߵ㣬н˵İɫѪ 

ԼѪǱ˵Ѫ 

У㲻Ⱦϱ˵ѪҲֻȾԼѪˡ 

ֱϿϻɴƺˣɴոµİɫмȴ͸Ѫɫ 

ʧѪĲ԰ףֲ԰Ҳڲסеļ㣬صĽüȫĺۣϿЩıʹϣȻֱ˵ơ 

һӢȷԼûмˡ 

Լûκθı䣬ǱֱһֱվϸĽţһǰһ΢һξ룬м䣬Ҳ׽䱸ơ 

û˵һֱ䣬ббĿһʣ״ǰ䵶Ƕõģóľģмˣ 

ǰ˻ʹȿļõеһ 

һУõĸֲֻ࣬޼޻͹ǡ 

ԼԼ˲ʮӣ޼ǹضͣѾʮءȻֶǲǾǺڵصĹ 

˵ֵʱ򣬶³ʱ򣬼ֵ˶ˣΨһģҲֻһƵĹ⻪ 

߹еͷɱ֣ 

һ㣬еĶǴ˵ը 

ǹΪʲʱ 

ؼԳӢз˹ȥ 

ҹԼһ֪кιɣ 

վ¶һ˿ЦݣӢµһׯļ̳ˣҴŮĻ롣ʮʮܰɽ̸꣬һսԴ˼ÿ궼мѾõУʮ꣬Ҳȥ꿪ʼûнκһιսǣɹİֵһҵµĸ߷壬˵Ķ𣿡 

ԡЩн˶֪飬ҪµԼй𣿡 

˻ǲ¶ɫ֪ѾϽκսΪʲ 

Ӣһ㶣ȻʵĻƫƫ޷ŭ 

ҲԼԼ˵Ĳ⡣ 

ƺұ䣬ֻΪ˽ңˡҲܷˡ 

һͻأЦз˳Ӣ㲢˽Լ 

˽ԼӢ벻߲м˵Ծķ֣Ȼֻﷴʣ˽Լ 

ӢҲҲƭԼԸȥļ𣿡 

ࣿʲࣿӢЦ˵ڵȴʡ 

ҹȻֵӣгĪɻ 

ʶˣÿ仰Ӣһ𺳣ûһܹԼܾܿǹǣǳӢ˵θС 

Ըһ𣿼סˣܻ޷ܵ࣬ңǿڷǰͱ׷ɱҵ˸ɵԸð𣿡 

ҲҲƭԼӢԺֻһ仰Ҳ̫ƽҪһЩͬġ 





ڶ Ī׷ɱ 





ɽûһ⣬ǰڰһ̣ѾɽתʱԷĻ࣬Ҳûἰ˵ﶼóӢָɻġ 

ϾҪˣʱðĵΣݴͣҪģ򵥵塣 

СɽΪɽƶͣͬһ⻬ľӶ 

ɽľܣ˵ܲǶ׷ɱ˵ͬҲơ 

ֻҪһ֣ǸǶȣױ֣͵ϮǸӲˡ 

ϺĶУһɫӡ 

ȻͨĲʣֻкխһӢȥһ£δڹȴӵ;һ¡ 

ϱڳǳǳĿӣԶ౳ķһУ˴糤ĶС 

ӢЩ޴룬֪ԼЩʲᣬֻǶԷһԼһͷһأоԼ˵á 

ϸĵĸªݣȴһжӵһȱڣǰļϸѷֳȴԡ 

¶ʪּҶӣҲʪ˳Ӣϵİ¡ 

´Ҷƿǵı鶼 

ǲ 

˺пǹǣӢѡվһߣνԼڵɱֵĸϵ 

ѡǰԷأ 

Щɵͷһ 

ɫЩ԰ףԼ˫۾ûһ˿־壬еֻǲӵļ͡ 

ִӻóһɫĶһ֣·ϡ 

ŨŨѪζ˿Ǳʹס˾۾ 

ϻֻƣ 

´ƿˣһ˿ﴫӢĶС 

ڿʼǶϵѪǸոǱĽ 

΢ϣƺȫˣټٵ˺ۣ͵һһҪ˵ӡ 

ȵĽŲԽԽˡ 

ߵĲ·ǳҪ̤ˣֻǿԼصĽŲƺһѹȴ˵ࡣ 

ɵĵطͣ 

Ʒվһᡣ 

ȵһԲԲϴĵЦ⣬һ˫£У·Ϊ˵ֿ峿΢䣬ǾСµϰߣ仹ǡֵĹһ̡ 

УǸݵЩףƫƫǸ߸ߵĸӣΪѾ˵ȧǸ߸ߵͻ۾Уһ˫ִ䣬Ӣע˫֣ǽںܴӦǴӥצһӲֻ֮Ǽҹ 

ҲǸ˵ģȥмӢ۽ߺЦһβסķһѳʣߴȽϳĳҪ֡ 

˳ӢȻûмҲûпκιòдļ¼ԭµһҵ鱨û˵ȫл̫صĸ֡ 

ȵһδЦϲƣϲƣֵܲţ⵵ϵҲ֪꾰ãֵҲֻòܲ£Ƚ˵ˡ֮ 

ϰ˵Цˣû뵽һ˵鷳ˡˡˮ͡˳ҵ̫ˡ 

Ȼǣеġˡˮ͡ʲɱ֣еĵңǲǾѵ 

Ӣ¶ɫվһߣŵĸҲ·ûпһ㣬Ժдֽ䱸 

ȿڵƹ̵Ḷֲ̌Ūһ£촫˹ԭеǾƣЩǲɱ֣ 

һֻǽڴž˫ʹ˫ƺǴ˼֣һһģϲЦ⣬ֻǻĴ˳Ȼͨĳ֣·һˮڷ΢΢˵ 

ǸϰģЦҾһ£ˣֵ֪˶Ըһе㲻壬ҪҲֵûܶԸᡮ̶µȻ̫ɱֵҲ࣬ɣ 

Ǵû̧ͷϰ˵Ļֵû˵ʱֻҲӮǣοˣҴ뿪ǿ֪̾֯׷ŹңֻûֵܣȻϰ·ҲûбĿ˵ˡ 

ã 

δ䣬һֱһЦ˺Ȼ֣ڿлһˮƵĹâߵЦ⻹ڣǽȴߵǺݡ죬ڲеƺδãգۼ䣬ѵǵǰ 

Ǳ䣬ڳϣĽǶȺܺãⷢ䵽ǵУ 

۾һգգƺಢûǰΣϡ 

Ӣеʧֳ齣Ǿ̫ԶֻҲⲻǵΣʱǰǸƹģˣϵӺȻӵٶȺܿ죬ķܿ쳬˱ƽǰĽ⣬ԭǽУľְ 

ǻûгֻδ˵ץ˼£ԭӺȻ·ǿ޷ǰʱǸƺӥצֵ˺ȻˣķʽɽͰǡ 

δǰĽºȻһһԭΪ裡 



ֻŲæżһٴڿն𣬿Ǹ屾Ϊ׼ģٴŵĵطʽڶ壡 

żһأ͸о壬δʵǸƹģ̷ֽ˹̵ʵأٴڿնٿһԽ˵壬ƫƫڲ˸룬¶ۼǸ 

һҺѺľ˴Ķ͸͸ĴĽơ 

Ӣﰵ̾Ȼǣʵ֮ʵ֮ĵ׼ӣݴͣһ¼һǿĶ֡ 

ĲҺӰ쵽ͬ飬ٻͷӭǸĽͣѾЩңƹģϵ΢ЦҲᣬƺ֪ȥ˵ͬ黹ȥлǡ 

ƬԥҲȻʧ䲻ͬİ˹ȥлǣѾֳ 

Ȼһ䵶嵶ȫò趯ȴһƲĺ⣬ʹȥҲֻһĨĺɫ 

ѪӲ֪˭Ϸɽ˳ƺߡ 

ȻһӰ˳ӢһƹģǸûӳڲеϸסȥ·һģǵĵѾˣһź裬һҺֱ۱ 

ý˽ңǺȻƮ˿ббָȥ 

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вûʲᲨֻǵĵʵ 

϶ǻҰ֮ɫܲϣˣһ̲Ÿտʼѽ 

Ǿվ½Ѫ;ɺۣ·Ѿԭĵɫ 

߰ɣ̫ͬһҷŹǣ´֯ǳҲ顣 

˺޺޵Ŀۣ춻ԶԶȥˣʼգûпӢһۡ 

ǵıӰԶǵϸǲ԰ס 

ǵɱˡѪ˳ˣ 

ӢֲﵽʲζⳡಫıԽĺܿ죬⾪Ķǵĳȴδġ 

ǲԼ˴ĶȥӢ֪ʱ֣Ǳɣ 

ֻ˹ȥĲ˶Է 

ǵֺȻץסӢ֣һĸоӳӢĵƺѪĿӿϣǵֺܴ󣬱ģóӢסĸо 

̧ͷԷ˵ĸ·ڶ˵ʲᣬƫƫﻹݡ 

ɽϵķ·𶼾ֹˣǾע˴˵۾һʱˡ 

ΣӢĽֳ˳߼еĻңΪ۾ϤҪԼʲ᣿ 





 һ˫ 





ӢǾʯ·Ľϣµһׯ 

ʱѪսӡѱԶСɽϣʱǵͨСеͨһԱ 

ҹչʹ͵ũҲŸոյ¯·ϡ䣬ϵķ绹Щż߹ҲǼҴҵġ 

ӢûǵĿĵأղջڣ֪δмεա 

ǵıЩ࣬Ѿ˵ĺۼֱҲ·С 

Се̴Сƺ·죬ڸúСش 

С˼ҵŶһʼˣ˼˯͵糿ʱ⣿ 

һͨĺͣ 

źС˼ҵĲûʲ᲻ͬ 

һ⵽׷ɱû´ûžʹӳҳ˰ɣ 

Ӣ˵ͷ 

ڲʺӭУӢ𣿡 

ǵּζóӢĵ˵ͷ 

ãȥһӡ 

ǰȻ򿪡 

ͨ˼ûʲ᲻ͬһʯСԺֳ߲ڽаڵùһվᣬǽҲﵱǰ˽ȥ 

һţİȻ죬ǴӻóһǸ÷ֵһ¡ 

λԵȣҼ˺ܿ 

ú÷ǵ˭ǲǺųơ񹤣޷족֮еһ 

ûûǵΪΪ 

ԣ֮ˣ˵̥ǣΪˡֻܹ˵ҵǣҪ˵붯ݡ 

˻޷еһǣʲϵ 

һ͵Ů˳֪٣ʧԶӭλ 

һȭǰĻԵټǰǰĸˡ 

͵͵Цڴ˳ͣȴ˵ת壬̲סˣľɫ 

һ˫ϸִ̽˳˫֣޳𪣬Ǽ򵥵ȴζ 

Ů˻δı棬Ѿʮֵľʡ 



ƿˣӢһһ 

һ˫ֺɤӵŮӱһɫģ 

ǳˣͷ˿ббһ١ 

۾󣬿СɵıӣһԵЩ׵촽۵סߵƣȫոˡ 

ͷǻ֮꣬ǿҲǲ͡ 

·ûпӢɻ󣬵ȻһЦλȻ÷˵λҪһ᲻ 

ȻǸľֹӢȻƽдֹҪˡ 

ǻһ񣬡ǰЦˣǶ׷ɱ¾ֻͷǰְҶ˸ĸӣܿ׷ɱ 

ӲѣֻӢҪӢЩѴҪǱƽˡ˵΢΢һ٣ҵ治¶ء 

ҲЦǰĻ׷ɱѣǶ˵ӢӢ 

Ů΢΢ףҲãֻһҪȸ֪ǣ÷һֻһ£ָԭòλû÷ǾԲֵġ 

΢΢תͷӢ׼ܲܣҶǿġ 

Ӣһԥǵ˵ͷ 

Ӽǿʼе鶼͸ء 

Ҫȥνļأ 

ŮӢ΢΢˵ͷݡ 

ӢסĲ˽ȥ 

ɸɾֻһŴһŰɫĴµġ 

һױ̨Ŀĸױ̨ϵľӣռ˰ǽĵط 

ױ̨ϷŵһպܺõĴӣŮ˽˹ŵľݵĹ߰ɣ 

Ůɵȥú£һͻỻһӵġ 

Ӣڴϣ۾Ѿ˶ʮˣٴοʲأ 

һ˫ϸµÿƶֺǻ壬΢ĸоϸ΢ĺë̼ܵҲվ 

ɣֻǿϵ 

ĻóӢһˮ͵Ŀڱߡ 

һж᲻ͬ 

Ӣѱߣǰһһ⣬Ȼ֣Ϊʲ᲻ΪԼװһ£ 

ⲻΪѾװ̫ټٵò̫ĲʵҲԸ˫ָԼһˡΪҲһż߰ɡ 

ˮ˳ȥһѣץסͷԽ 

˫΢ٴһдòȻ 

ʲ᣿ʳӢ׹һźڰ 

Ҳ֪˯˶ãӢٴſ۾ʱȥԼƺǲƤױʲˣ 

վھǰ棬һʱ֮䣬ӢЩž˾ 

˵ģƤȴ˺ܶ࣬;ȻԼЩ۾СˣҲǰľ⣬ٲȻǽ洦ɼʿ 

ӽ쿪ʼŻмİˡ 

ƺЩ˯ǰûĻֳԺУеһֻ»Ҫʸݵǰˡ 

ƿţһòİӺ͸ݵŮЦĿ 

ǣ 

ʹİòֱ·һ³е˵У˵ڿн㣬һʱ䣬·ˡ 

һ͵͵İЦ֮ա 

Ƶģͬʱתͷȥ 

ӢЩˣǰӢ˯ʱǰ䣺Ȼ˵ʲ᣿ 

Ůɫ 

ȻҶΪˣͲǶ֮ǰ¶ڹڸǰ˶ֽţ 

ӢһԼֽţ 

Ҳǻƭ˵ģǵĻڶߣԼļ䵽׳ʲ⣿˶ʮ˴ 

Ů̾һ 

񹤣޷죬϶֪˶ǽݸֻ֣º֪ɣ¡޷챾һʦá 

˵Щʱϴһ׷Цݡ 

ǵⲻֻʦ򵥰ɡ 

£޷죬Ǹʱǰĺü򵥡ԽԽԽԽ㣬λеĶҪȰҪΥʦ괫ʱµԡѾЩݵ̫ˣݻһУҡ 

̾һ˵ǵķԽԽ޷ȰֻѡȻ뿪ڴˣڽϵͷȴԽԽ죬ǣǰȻڽʧһѶҲûˡ죬ע⵽ȻݹģĶĵط࣬ܰݵ˳뻯ģҺޱˡ 

Ҳ׷ݵԭֻ˵һ죬ּǵøʯ֡ʯﶼû䣬һǸʦãɻǵǸʦ֣ 





  





Ӣǳᣬ˾ȻĬȻ¶˭˵أ 

һŮįȴԶˣζ 

ǵ˹ס˳Ӣ֡ 

кյģóӢܵĽţҲԸȥ˫޶˵ůģʹɻȻֻܵ˴⡭ 

·ԽԽ·ϵҲ 

ӢֻԼԽԽˣһ·Ѿˡĳ֣ǵְ߬ĺܽ춻Ƿſˡ·һ¾ĪģﵽЩȻʧ 

һкܶʣǺܶҲ˵ֻܴȥȥۼ˲ࡣΨһҪģǲİ·ˣٺܾúܾǰǾʶˡһ£д޵廳⣬Ҳһů˳Ӣġ 

ãȥ 

ǵĿĵѣҪȥǸˣҲ¾ͲʹˣҪҲף𣿡 

Ӣ΢΢Цһ£в֪ܣŻҺ¡ 

ǵ˹ڳӢЩһ£ʲˣû˵ĹóӢů 

˶Ըƴ˿̵ۡһʱȻ 

ΣӢͿһҪȥʲط 

ѡӽֿ֪ʼеľֻǾη 

û˵ѡλãû˸ҪƽѡΪУеĶɱ֣书ɲ⡣ 

ǵҪȥ˭ 

ǵϾȻһ˿һҪȥǾļԺ볾С 

ʹûȥǣҲû˵볾С֡ 

˵ѡ 

ֻҪǮ뵽еǸйϻǾϵܣﶼܵõ㡣 

ӢȻ֣Ϊµһҵļ̳ȴδȥ 

Ͼһ˿в̤ 

ΪʲҪʱҪȥ 

ƺеʣǵҪȥѣֻȥ볾СѵΨһͨ 

ѹֽϴδ֪ѵλã 

Ȼһ壡˭뵽ͨѵ·ȻļԺУ 

룬ֻԺԭѿİɡ 

ǮֶΣѺͰɱ 

ֻҪдĽǮǿκġը 

ѹѵĸιֻ̣¸ɵиͨ籨šϢ֮ˣܲη壿 

Ӣ¶ɫǵʱ˹ḧ˼£ҪˣЩ² 

ӴĿ⣬ӢЦˣѳɱֵ׺ʲϵ˵ɱ飬ΪĿů 

һ·ۣᣬǡ 

ǿƿﵹʿģ꣬ӢһݣȺеˮ 

볾С˵ѣ쿪ŵʱȻ࣬ʢʱҹ 

ҹһӸװ磬ǾȻӢ׼һӹŵӡ 

ӢһգһҡмĽѰĹӸӡ 

һЦǵ˵ѾݣֻڽѵЩһͨƱػһ񶷣һʱ²һĻعƻδĹ򲻸ߣӦúܿܽȥ 

һֵʣµĿҪ鷳ЩǵĿеߣˣǿԿסǲ֪ǵĿĵأֻҪܽӽǸҾа취ǣһ˽ȥҪãҲˣʹڣЩǺȥԵģ㻹뿴𣿡 

ӢͷȻˣҾҪ֪ࡣҽҪԵʹ 

ã߰ɣסڽǰҪҷֿһ볾Сʱ㲻Ҫ̫ڣһҵİš 

볾СȻѡ 

ԶԶȥһƬƻԻ͡еķʢ档 

ⲢûһԺӭ͵𱣬˿ϴӳĴŴ˳ 

һţĽĹӭλүʹ죿 

ӢֻԼڣһǵﲻЩ޺ޣһᳵ·ӡ 

һӣƿģǴֵʶһµģҪĺ 

ɫЩãпͣүٿģкüأģʲĶ 

ƳγεĽǵת 

ϰ壬ֻҪ 

ɫһ䣬үԵȣȥϰһ 

Ӣԣһʱе˼ֺ棬ʲģΪʲָҪѵͨ 



һ̴Ů溬Ц˹ 

˼λүõˡ 

ֻҪǴ˶Էĺѡ 

Է¶ɫп͡ 

ִӻóƳγεԪķϡ 

ԷȴûһԺǼǮľϲүܲͨһ£п͡ 

ǻû˵ϵԪһ뻳УһԵĳӢȥ 

үȵȡ 

ʵ֤ûвǮļԺ 

үȵȣȥŰš 

Ǹ䣿Լȥ 

˵꣬Ӣߡ 

үү 

׷ϵĽŲӢֻ¥ϡ 

үķ䡭 

ǽŲܿ죬Ӣߵķ䣬һӰƿˡ 

Ӣһʱ 

ԾϵǸˡ 

ήһŰɴ涼ǵѪǱġ 

зˣ 

һھҵ˶Уʹſڴ˴Ҳûоһ涯һ滹ݺݵĽ㣡㣡Сˡ 

ֻͣڵȥۼ˵ıѾûõĵطŰӡˡ 

˱ѹڴϣֻܿһŲһĽӣɫĸ˫۾ںڵһƬͱࡣ 

ӢŹнͯɷ磬ȴ⾩ļԺ顣 

ۼޱһ˿ʹϧٿǱѹӣûɵһ䣬һİץסʲᣬԼȴ޷˵塣 

һΣͿһ˽ȥ 

ү 

Ņ̀ͷһı壬ȥ 

ǵɫȥһѽӴϳ 

ǳԾ漴ŭ֪ү˭𣿡 

ڵϵĳһȥ 

Ӹոյŭһʧˡ 

΢͵ɤ 

ЩǱļɢ·һģײײĳ˳ȥ 

𱿴ЩǴӻóӣҰˮͳԵʣµĲҪţ 

ΨΨŵŵ˳ȥ 

ذǵסĶͣΪʲ᲻أӢҲɻǺʲϵ 

ӲҰױ˺ɫֳϵ·Ҵ 

ү 

дְƣȴʧתģһһ̧ͷȴֻ˫ 

һʱ䣬Ӣ֪ոյǼˡ 

Ҫˮͷ˺ܿ˹ 

ȻѣֻҪǮͿΪΪ 

ȥϴһ°ɡ 

ǵЩΡ 

ĴӴվǰһߣŲȣֻϵȥ 

Ӣ򣬲˼һǰס 

һͷȴУ̧ͷЦ˵ۡ 

Ӣһֽƿոյӷװͬġ 

һ뵽ﲻ˵񣬾ֶ͵ĸо 

Ӣı֣һЦڶүһء˵˹ȥ 

ǺҴϵ·Ҳ⣬͵ǺͳӢ棬· 

ϵĺۼµ·¶컼˵ջ 

Ӣһ죬ͷת˹ȥ 

ȴ΢΢һ̾ǡ 

ӢͲס棬תͷȻҲһ𾪣Ѿʵ·ϲ֪ҪѻǴϡ 

ϴϴɣҺȥ㡣 

˵꣬Ӣת档 

ֻã滩ˮ졣 

һʱ䣬˶Ĭ 

洫Ѿʰˣǳɡ 

ˬˬģûиղŵ塣 

˸մתͼѾ룬һįˡ 

Ӣ 

ҲڣͷӲ裬ǰ 

滹չɫҶӣͷţʽġζ 

㲻û춿ˡ 

ұ֪࣡ǵЩ 

˵ߵҲ뵽ģݣȻҲݹġ 

֪ΪʲҪѣ 

ôߣﲻʺûȥ 

һֱĳӢˣΪʲ᲻أҲһż 

ĿڳӢϣȻ޵ľȥֻʹأ 

ǣ̫˽ˣֻȥమ֪һʹ𣿡 

һ£ֻǲԸһֱڹûУһеλѹԴʱָγһУ 

ٳΣ̧ͷ 

ãҴӦǣȻڣʱȥѻǽ䱸ɭϣѽȥʱرиʱǸʱȥջĶࡣ 

¶млл㣡 

ҡҡ֣лңһֻ¶ûޣҲ֪ͨѾԵˡ 

Ҷ 

˿볽ʱʱϢһ°ɡ⻰˵Ȼһ˿Ц 

ǻվ㡭 

ӢʱҲԼԾһȴĵ⣡ 

һ˿⣬ǣ㲻ϣһҲڲһϻɢǿҲϤʼ 

˵꼲˳ȥģʱ䣬Ҳ˴ǵġ 

ſʧˣʣǺͳӢ 





 սǰĲ 





ĵ׵ԽԽ࣬Ҳй; 

ӢЩ֪룬ƵĿһۡ 

һЩһĺɫƺƵ۾ 

ӢֻĻҪճˣȴû취ȥӦûⷽľ飬µһҵˣаܵµΪֵǣļУ׳ƺδϴ 

Żسײ죿 

ǣҡһڣȴв˰Ƶġ 

ǵ۾ſˣոճƺƽȥ 

Щɣ춻˹ӢͷĻѾյʧȥǣǸһӽסǡ 

ƺģȵƤһ⣬еĻ𷴶 

ǣңҸ죿 

Ұ㣡һڣŷǵҲƵģĽ⿪Ӣϵ¿ۣȵƤӴ΢Ŀһ˲䣬óӢ۾ 

ǵֻϣ޷ĵı۾ 

ӢֱǵסԼϡ 

ǵֺͳӢԼͬʱһ̵ʹóӢ͵͵Ľ˳ 

ֲ嵽ʲоĸǵƵԼζԽԽ͡ 

ѹĵͺǿջңջң 

ȻͣĸͬһϵĹͣܵóӢֻÿʶĺ߽УŤʹࡣ 

ǡңҸ 

ʹӣǵͬӤĴͶ޴ȡǣʲᶼء 

Ǿٰɡ 

ǵٴ˹ȫһ䣬·ȥӵ̤ήص⻨ʣ˺Ĵϡ 

ƺƤѾˣǼʹܣӢȻ֪ȥ 

ƣһͬס˳Ӣķ 

ʱļ尾ֱֱĴ 

ûгɵʱ䣬ǵֶһֱĿȻϮϳӢ࣬к˳ 

ǵĶԽԽ춣ʧļУӢͷԼ 

ɫĺ쳱δɢȥĴϢδƽӢеķǵĲԡ 

ǰҲǲ裬һǸȻĸоץס˳ӢģҡҲɡ 

쳱ٴǴһ£ֲܿƵķ 

漴ıϣǱϻһЩ˵ӡǣóǺܾǰɵˡû͹ƽȴһİǴԭİ𪡣 

ϧЩۼЩӡкܶǱ޺ۣľɵģĹȥ²£ 

ӢˣʹյʱȻԼ 

ָоǵͷǶ㡭漴סǵı 

Ӣֻ֪ôȥסԷȴȫ֪һʱ䣬ĴǵĴϣ֪ʲᷴӳˡ 

Ѿ㹻һЦǵĿд 

ַסӢͷΪҰһֱǾѹ 

һǣǵͷ˿˳ӢЩ޴ݣСһ 

ոƽĻٴƺղŵĸоͬͬȣȴǲͬζ 

ķٴվһ߱ĳǵǣһҪԼȴǹ 

ȴǽסˣĴձſ͸еԷһϣĶߡ 

ջҵġңἱ 

ЩĻɢǵƺڣˡ 

ƺħûһƤʹͬոС 

¡˵ 

ӢЦˣҲ£ΪҲ¡ 

ǽİڻ޷ 

ʹļбȥˣ廹ǵңȷʵͬ˵ģ˽ҡ 

Ӣְסǵ촽ʱƺ˵Щ 

һͺҲֹס϶Ŀ 

⻨ڣһƬ컡 

Ҳ֪˶ãһͣϧĲӢµĺˮ 

Բ𣬻Ūʹ㡭 

ӢһƬ糺죬𡭡˵ˡ 

ǵ͵͵ЦӢһʱ䣬˯ɡ 

š 

ӢӦһʶǵĻиһ£˵ˣ廹ǵˡеζǳţȻóӢ˯ˡ 





 һ 





ɵĿ뿪ոջϵ˲ʱĮȡˡ 

ӢѸϵ·ſˣ溬Цǡ 

δ˵һȻӢֻԼˡ 

ʱˣ߰ɡڿǣȥ 

ЩԾĳӢɫĸ档 

һľļҾߣվϸĻƿ 

סһһһųǰ 

ǸһͨխţһͣǰЦǡ 

ȻӢοš 

ֻ졣 

ˣǿԽȥˣǣһ㣬𣿡 

Ӣлæٻͷ˽ȥ 

Ȼǽһͨխ·ֻУ΢룬ǲŲߵĹ춼ѡ 

һ·ϣǲͣĹڸİťЩشڵԭ򣬾Ȼûһ 

ǵıʼ࣬ʾĽ䱸ը 

չһǰȻа׹룬ͨľͷǰˡ 

ǷڳӢĶߣ˵ǰˣʱȲҪȥҴǣٹ 

Ӣǣյģһ˶Ըһ 

һƵļ򣬡ȥ 

Ӣ߼˹ȥֻǵд˼ֽ塭 

δĻͬʱӢ첽˳ȥ 

Ȼ˵ģҹδ˿ƣʱ 

ĽŲЩٻˣδǷӳǵĵͳӢĽѸǵĺ 

ϸѵƺرĵطΧǽϣ°߲ĺۼ 

һյĴסӵߡ 

ǿ˿ɫתͷĴŴģֻٵƬ̣ˣǲܽȥ˴һƱҪȥв֪㡭ҪСģ 

ӢҲ𻰣һ£һЦжů 

ǰףаĴǵһյĴſˡ 

˷ӦӢѴ˽ȥ 

һǵĵѳʣԷδǿǸ֣Ҳţҡһ⣬ռȻ˦ѵӰ 

һʱԷȥαУĵʾĻᶼûС 

ٿӢҲǱѹסȻӢվϽ 

߶伱Ӣи춻ճҵˡ 

Էɫһ䣬л⣬һңӢĽѵǰ 

ѵǽǣһԷֻüÿֱ࣬ţ 

һ٣ԷѾһг˰˴ˡ 

ʱѾ˶ԷڳӢȻɱ˶֣ԶѾҵĽŲ 

ӿЦվӲһս! 

Ӣһ·ȥֵ·ϾȻûӭĵˡ 

ֻ׷ǵĽŲ 

ӢҲſ㣬ֻܷſ˵߾ϣûпأǻҪСģȥǣ 

˵꣬תӭȥ 

Ӣ˹ȥӰһָȥ 

Ĵֻۣܰ˵ȥһжѲܻͷ 

·ԽԽխһɺӢһ߿쵽ˣ 

ǰһխխĺɫͨǴ洫ġ 

߾ھͷ·ϵײ壿 

ЩСĵ̤һһƾ紵Ӣʶһͷڰһ󼱴ٵļ괫 

иַģˣסǰȥ·ˣӢһҧӽס 

ĸǽеĵرÿһСǰҪܴĴۡ 

֪˶ãƿյȻʧˣӢȻվסһֲõĸоϯͷ 

ѪˮˣֶΣԤ棬ϵһӣƺʲᱻ·סˣƬ̹һսζ˳ⰵоȻܸһеĸʬˮ 

ͷϵĺˮӢһθܵ˽ӽζ 

ǰ滹ǾԵĺɫ֪δٵжٻأԼҲ޷֪ 

һΣеԼΪǸ˲ߣ 

ϣǰȻû谭·ߵ˾ͷ 

ʹȫĺڰȻܵһֳǵĺ⣬ĽҲһγɵı 

ȥ溮ǵıƬֻ̣ʣԵĸоƺ⺮䣬Ӣڹȫסƺסˣĵطлˣǵ˭ 



ָѾûκθоӢڲĵСҲ֪ʲطһ죬һŴڴˡ 

͵к⣬Ӣ˽ȥ 

һʮɼĴ󷿼䣬ܶɢÿһСӵһҹ͵Ĺâ 

ݺܴȴյģֻǰ沢Ű˾Ÿˮײġ 

ģײе 

ӢסеĿ־壬˹ȥ 

ǰİ˸ǷĹײģò仹ٲȻȥֻһߣˮײĵĸǷһߵġ 

ҲˣֻһײòһصӢǰ 

һ֣ײƿˣһӢһ 

ٲȻһͳӢһף 

˭Լ˭ͷҲĻֲЩʵЩá 

˰ɣӢײײ˼ڵϣ֪ηӦ 

ʱһӵĽŲӢ̧ͷһ߽һˣǴһ˿аЦüҪ޽ǣһۡȻǴЦûа㵽С 

ῴӢһģǻһϮ̳ 

ῴޱѹһѪǣ 

ȵЦ۵Ȼ˪һƬ龰һҪҽһ£Ҿˡ 

Ӣ漴ǣνڣǻԣеȴǶʱ䣬ֻҲҪϢġ 

뵽ӢЩʹĿѪɫǣԭо˵ֵʹǰϼˣ˿ڷֲǰϣûֹѪʺѪҺ˿һɹɵӿ漴ɺɫѪĿĵķֲϸ 

Ӣǵ۾ûжԼĵǣĶǶΡ 

Ҹγƺ㣿ǸЩٴ 

ǸԸҳһϾǲ֣ˣ㲻ǵ˰ɣ 

һָָǸͳӢһһ˵ϸǳӢ㲻һ¼мˣ 

Ļ羪һըڳӢĶߣǳӢԭֽг࡭ 

һĻĻԺһһ 





  





ǰûգе˶ 

ڽµһң۴αȵ¥̨͢ҲͰĽ䡣 

һ꿴Ľ䣬ʹȵգԶֻгʪ䡣 

϶ˮ̹ǵĺ䣬ǵĸ˫Ѻ׵˫ֺѾ˵ָڡ 

ÿ춼ϴ·ԶǳԲĲи䷹͵͵һα˳ԵķʹˣҲðİɣǵüʱĸףΪʲֻܳЩĸʲᶼû˵ֻбĬĬᣬ쿪ʼûʹ 

һĽ϶գʹĸƴסȻ費ס۷εĿԣǲͣ£ͣ£䷹Ҳˡ 

ĿһУȴԼĸףΪҲ빤ʰջѳ̬ټµһУû˸ͬǣ֪ʲԭֻܳܡ 

ܽп࣬ΪĸıԼΪĸײԵʹ 

յ޴ڣССϾ¶ȵĶһֻһࡣ 

ĸ׵ĿԸˣصѾ治סѪΣޣǲܣȥ򣬿ȥҲûǮ֪һ˰ԼΨһҲҪ뿪 

Ļ֣̿ĸһ߿һ߰ӵڻ 

ҵС㻹С治뿪㰡Ҫǵã۷ʲ¶һҪǿһҪȥ 

ܼĿԴĸ׵ĻһѪεϣܿޣһֻ֣гʪһƬ 

裬Ҫ뿪Ҫ뿪ҡԵ㶫ɣҲЩͻõġ 

ĸЦˣ޵Ͷľ 

˵лᣬ뿪ĸסĸס 

裬˭ҵĸףһ춸׵Ϣ 

ĸױ۾βסʹż԰׵͸¶ 

ĸӵͷС뿪һĿУԼĥľͲĶӣһˡ 

ȥ룬ֲܲȥ롣 

Ķӣȫ 

Ҫˣ֪ 

һһۼĲʹľ죿 

ûǮû书Ǽǵ۾ܰ뿪 

ĺӹĶůĳеѹҲһûгԶˣȴһֱ 

ԣϾǺӵĸס 

壬ӿѪ 

ӣ㲻ûգճȥְ֡סŮʲᣬ㶼Ҫס衭ûбİ취 

ԲԲĸ׵ת֪ΣĲᣬûк¡СסĸףΨһעҪ뿪ֻϣǸ˿԰ĵȥ 

ĸ׵ִĳȸУƺÿһҪľеÿһҪҵĴϢͲסĿԡ 

ֻһֱǣ߹µһׯƫƧĽ䣬߹۴αȵͥԺ¥̨Ҫȥûʣֻһֱǣĸ׵Զſ 

˹ˡ 

ĴܼңлҺŭ 

Ǹʲ᣿ȥǶ֪֪Լݣҹȥҷŭ 

ܹݳ϶Ƕǵ֪ΪӼ¿ʼͲͣĳܹܵĿ 

ĸ׹ȥˣܹܣˣҼׯҡҪˣֻҪһҪ͵£ĸӹȥɡ 

ֻܹܵвͷǿȥҪ˵һΣٲߣҽѹǻȥ 

ֻҲ£ǰΪĸףֻܹ 

ĸ׵͵͵İը 

ܹܣ㡭 

û䣬ܹܵһŽĸߵһߣĸ׵ڶձϹ˼ȦҲ˲ʲᣬ˹ȥֻüĸ׿Ѫ 

֣Ҫסǲ³ѪѪ·Ҳֹסĸɫľת۱Ⱦ˺һƬ 

ܹܷ·ûпһ㣬ǰһĸᣬһţĴƺλá 

޷ĸȫȻס˱ߵǰһȦǵĺϸոյһţֻǰһƬɫ 

ֹܹˣֻܱ۾ȴŹ 

ܹܣ˭һЩŮм 

ǿȥΧģĸײĳˡ 



ĸ׵Ѫ·Ƶģץĸ׵֣ոյĳѾ˳ǵı䡣ĸ׵۾һֱԺѪȾ·ҲȾ· 

ܹЩĵ˹ 

ط˵ĻǸݺӣҲ֪ԼʲݣȻȥǰԺׯӡ 

ȻòһһͷܹǸǰ 

˲ú£ĸ׵ķȥһϰ׳ˣ 

ҵ 

ĸ׼еڶߣŤͷֻܿڵϲӡ 

ٿȴܲһ˫أֱϣܹܷ·һƵģ˻ȥ 

ĸ׵Ѫӡǣ˫۾к޾סĻҪúû 

˫һɿˣһ´ˣΨһ뿪ˡ 

衭 

ʹʹļ޷Щǰޣͬߵӣһĵ 

һЬ쵽ǰһֻ̧򢣬ͷǰŮˡ 

ǰŮ˱ĺܺãֻ۽һƣܹŵĹһ˫۾ֻеĺм׺ 

ֵһҵĸϵ·ӺܺãȴǾװӣһѳб䣬ĵط˼պһ龧Ө 

ԭ㣡 

д˵ĺ⣬Ǹĸʲ᣿ȥׯǻ治ִ֪簡 

Ľһٴڱĵϡ 

벻Ҫҵĸף㲻䣡ŭյԽԽѾ˲ĸ׵Уֻʵ֪Ǵ޾Ѻ裬ִĸˡ 

ЦŮ˿д 

ܹܣСѹ񷿹ǸŮ˿촦һˣҪ˵һׯĵأ 

ǣˡ 

ٴܹܲץȥˡ 

ĸ׻ڱĵϣǵľԽԽԶǲǽһ 





ڰ  





ɫ΢Ӳ񷿵ķ϶й©Ĳ񷿴һõů 

۾ĶſڣʲʱŲܴ򿪣 

״򿪵λ˵ĥǱһ˿ϣټĸһΡ 

ĸ׺ĿһδεǰͷһοʼԹԼԣԸԶ֪ 

Ѿһһҹδˮˣֵǣ·ʧȥ˼ĸоյģûһ˿־塣 

űȻˡ 

Сģ˿첽˽˵ѹ֪ķȥ 

ȻֻãȻ޵ãȻ 

תĻȣͣһûʵĴ֮⡣ 

СһƵڵϡ 

ׯˣ˴ˡ 

̧ͷǸˡ 

ǸˣΧȥҲʮͣһĺȻ 

ˡĸף 

Ů˶ׯԱߣȻʲ飬۾ȴ˵ĺ⡣ 

ׯһ㡭ɡ 

˵Ρ 

ͷǡ 

ŮӿˣһضסׯĻҪū֡ӽ쿪ʼĥС˰ɣҪЩģҪ֪Լݣ 

Ǹׯ׵ˣû˵һ仰 

ҡĸס 

δ䣬Ƿ˺Ȼûصūţǲܳˣ˸죡 

һ°סûӦžžžļ죬ֻǰһźڰһɬζӿУ˵赹ǰֳѪ˰ɡ 



ٴʱǸĴ©ĲС 

ҹµأ͵¹Ӳ񷿵ķ϶й©ѲյЩһϡ࣬м 

ЦЦԥ뽫ȥǵĸ˵ĻҪȥһҪȥ 

˺þõθڸܵǵӾ͵ĸоͼָоָоǣһվƺȶڷ 

ǲԥˣĸ˵ϣ뿪 

ĸѾ뿪ˣʹΪĸ׵֮飬ҲҪһΣ 

һţȻû 

ţһƿ¹⣬Զˮ¹µɫĹâûз磬Ĳкȴ΢΢ҡףǿµ΢⣬һʱ䣬Щˡ 

ɡ 

Ȼδ뿪Ĵÿ򶼸һƫš 

һšǳһţ·ҲѲģ飬ÿÿտӰζж֪˶ã㿴һš 

ŵȻǽյģһǣϸϸĹ۲죬ÿһפһѲҪ 

뿪ֻгμ϶˸һߣ˹ȥźܸߣʹṦģҪԽĸǽҲҪۡ 

δϰ䣬Ψһİ취ȥ 

ֿʼ˳鴤ʹҧҧȥ 

ȻЩΣգ뵽ȴֻǩֵһׯŹȻر𰡣̤ĵطر٣ 

ᣬرȣȥһƬ塣 

С⼸յĥȥʵһ 

ȥһ 

߸ߵĳǽǿͷĻǺӣ¹·ص׹⡣ 

Ӿ 

ЩĿĺˮһʱϾҪˣЩѲ˵ĽŲԽԽˣ죿 

ۿѲߵеȵǸѾӰת˳ԥĽкУһԾ¡ 

ˮǵĺ䣬һȥ֫Ҫ档 

ܺ޷ڴڵˮֻȥȴڽӵ׵ҪǺˡ 

ıϸУһգ˴ˮ׷ٴЩ˵С 

µһׯǹУû˷ 

ȫʪܵģҹķƺԴ̵ͷ͵ϸ˿ȥ˼ҪԵһС 

ʧأȻЦԭµһ˵롣 

Ƿ˿ǴҴ³еӣһ 

ļĸһӣûף 

ˣ 

ɷ˵˽г˳µһҹȻ鴫ʰ˶ 

ܿ챻Щ˵ĸ߶ȸոպãżƴµĻպ΢΢ϣƫƫܽһ΢΢һ˾ͻᵴõҲǺϸȴܺõģӽĹֱϣƬ̹Ͷ 

ܿ죬˶ȥˣͰѵҹС 

Ŭ̧ͷգһһģ·ڶ˵ʲᡣ 

Լ˵裬ģҶúõĻȥ 



ɫ΢ʱµһׯе𽥿ʼһĻ 

ÿ˵ĽŲǴæģû˿ͣ¿һۡ 

ȫѾȫʧȥ֪һֱֱ۷·Լġ 

ڵׯ˿ͷԼͷˣûˡ 

춴ˣû 

ϵĶյĿдһʪĳҹδɵ·ϣֳ·Ҫ͸УҪѪҺͬͷȫס 

ˮδһ죬ûʻһ˿΢ףҹҪ˰ɡ 

ȥҲ˹ȥͲˣƫƫ޷ԸȫԣǰԹϡ࣬θʱʱ鴤Ƶĸоһˡ 

˹ˣеһӣӶڵϡ 

˽һðıǰ 

˷ԸˣҪϡ 

ǰ˼̨һű˹ 

͹ڱϣʣµıīǰûҪÿ 

ϵıڽϣⱾϡĶأ䵽˿ʮֻ֣Ǯ˼ıвŲЩ顣 

ԭϡĶ;ˣֵһȻЩ޵жǻú֮๦ģƱСһ 

Цһ£һȤĳͷء 

Ķ𼸺̱壬򵽱ϡ 

һɺϥǺֱĴ˸һҧֽһ鱧ڻ 

ôһڲͣĴͣеıѾһĵˮˣ鶼סˣ΢΢Цһ£죬⻹ѵõء 

һ˿΢Ҳɫȥˣׯٴλָƽ 

ϡ϶һƬûлϥѾ·Լˣһҹ 





ھ λ 





ٴγǰ׵ʱһǱѾԼֻһء 

ϥµıбһ㣬̵ĸоһֱû뿪ׯ˻Ź 

һׯȻæµææ˿жһ֡ 

СүҪˣ 

Щɬ֪ׯͷֻһӣͱȥɽ͡ɽʿѧգÿһΣؼҿ˫׵ӡ 

ÿ˶ΪСүĻæµסԼ䣬ǰһƬģٴʧȥʶǰ뿴Сүء 

һЩ 

˭ 

ܹЩĵ˹үĻǷ˴ˣġ 

 

ȻкӵǿѾ˲ɵ 

еԼֱǿſ۾ 

ǰվǸһذ׵кʹűһ꣬Լͣڰ׷Ĵ۾ֱ޵˫üһСү 

ķĶͷ̣˰ҷϢ 

үǷ˷Ըµ 

ү΢΢һЦͬһ㻯ȥԭĮܹܲҪһĸ׵ģУϲἴʹҲڣҲҷУɨСˡ 

ףǻȴ˵նûһתء 

ܹ֪ׯͷ˶ΨһĶ簮мӣ˵ĻҲ޲ءֻүЩ㬵ϹķԸˡ 



Ŵ·һ޻УƮɢ֪ζŮ⣬һʱ侹Ȼ֪Լηˡ 

ɣ⴫һŲ˻δȵ 

ɣںõûУ˽д 

˵ѵǰæҪ 

ׯס㲻ҪҶҪúϢ 

ԭ˪ϺȻֲЭĵƤգգ۾Ц⡣ 

Ȼһȣǳĸڶõˡ 

ҡһڣɤƵȻԣҡ 

¡ 

漴סֱ֣㲻£һᱣ㡣ȻĸײΪҪ˶㣬ѽҪҲΪ㡣 

˶٣ֶЦ֣һ˵ͶԵأ 

˫۾Ķ峺Ϊ˲Σһһׯޣ̵˺ܶࡣ 

΢΢˵ͷЦҽгӢµһׯˣûڵʱͽӢ˵ʱƺһүҲˡ˵ֶգգ۾ǵܣ 

ͬһ㣬˳Ӣߡ 

ȻͬŵһȫΪׯУӴɽ˻ԼҲڶ࣬ɽӢѴûѧȻ°빦 

ΪӢĻǷҲ鷳 

⼸ĳϦ飬ʶСүӡǰӢһ˪¶˶ޱ䵭ֻǰӣʵõʱЦԷǡ 

ʹΪǰҪ˱ʾӢȻΪԼĶʦɽʿ䣬ЦӣҪͽĺһ㣬ҲΪ˺ˣӢֻӣװʱ䳤ˣò͵ܳȥû˿ĵطһ治֪μȥ 

ҲЦĲ͵ܳȥᣬιȥ 

ڳӢԼִ֪磬ȥĴҲ࣬Ҳల¡ 

ͽӢĻҲʼʶĶֻ֣һ㣬˽Ǻѧġ 

ʹӢںã뿪ʼղȥ 

ҹΪµһңӢµһҵļ̳ˣȻٲø书ţȻɳŵ鷿 

ȴ͵͵֮ᣬŻѪһβӢ֡Ҳû˵ʲᣬȴ˰ԭʱǷĥϢ죬кԣǿػ߻ħ 

ˣҲЩĻ䣬ǳӢο˵ֻҪкʵҩȥĺԣȻްˡ 

֪ûϣ¶Ҳġ 

⼸ڳӢߣʲĥֳԵĺ˯ĺã˵ǽˡ 

һգӢϴվźӢûˣߺңһʱЦҲھǰķ֣еȻа˷ƣ 

ֻףһЩ۾ҲԳЩ֮⣬һ࣬ȻΪԼׯ˽ӵĹϵӢȴ֮¡ 

Դ˸ǿ磬ԶԶȥƵúܡ 

Ӣÿ͵ţضԼӣԶԶŪӣ̽˽ڹԼŵʵ 

ʼΣĵһ˷ֻ֣гӢסػܵ˵ĳͷֻǼׯͷԶԶҲ⡣ 

ϳӢƽʱǱ˪ӣׯͷԣȻֻҪԸ˸ҽǰ˰ȫԡ 

֣ӢȥĴ࣬Ҳ𽥴ÿΰүʱҲһ䣬ѳӢƽʱѧʮʮ 

һգӢͲסҪ͵ȥֻʲ᲻õԤ棬ӢЦҲû£ˣ 

˵꣬ҪԣṦҵĴ˳ȥ 

һװӣȴᶼ޷о 

Խң͸оʱߵԽƫƫӢĸˣֱɽûл 

Ҳ֪Ϊ˷ңڳӢǰѾԸ˲⿿ǣе飬ߵԺС 

ӢסķǵһԺ䣬·լȴһǡ 

Ժһɻأ̧ȥǽɫкɻҶǻŵģԺܰ㡣 

˹ȥںɻرǶºƽᲦˮģδйӿͷ΢΢ЦԼĶɣӢҲãԼѵõľס 

˭ը 

һܵƽ 

͵Ļͷȴ¹һʮߡһWĿ 

Ƭ̹ķĿоWڣȡ֮ЦЦĳŪ 

͵ؼԼڵµһׯ漴һ˪ 

ʲˣʲˣȰ㾡뿪µһׯˣֻ¸û뿪 

ЩζĿ˱е˼! 

˵İɿڣǡ 

漴ʶģΪŭȾһĨɫЦ˳ֻЦȻζͳŪ 

ӳһҲץ 

󺧣Ȼϰ䣬µһׯУֺͳӢһȻҲ书·Щ˽⣬˵ٶȴͬȣȫεǰġ 

˵ֵ˼֣˵һΣ㩤ĩ֡ 

ӼĽһЩϢ˵ӢǳӢ 

ֽӢҼˣȵʱһ㣬סҵ֣ҽ绳 

ǰһѾǰˣ΢һ仰Ӣؽң 

ڶߣΪһˡʹУһиȷʵһֵ 





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¹ȥ֮ᣬǸֵٲ𽥾Ͱ¸ˡ 

ֻҪӢҪȥĴ̫ˣӢȻ棬վԸ̫ΪѣԴҲ˺ܶࡣ 

ʱۣת۳Ӣǳɳ꣬Ҳʮˡ 

ʱòҲҪ뿪µһׯ䱸ɭϣ书ͽͶ 

ڶûб˷֣ӹҲС 

һգ컹δӢͱׯ˽ˡ 

Щģһ飬Ҫſһ 

һ̧ͷȻׯվ⣡ 

ЩԾׯүѾȥǰԺˡ𣿡 

ȴһӵׯһʱ·˼꣬ϴ˵Ļںޡ 

 

ԭأ֪ηӳˡ 

ׯתͷȥתͷѲղŵ 

ӽ쿪ʼǳ࣬ׯĶү 

·ԼĶ䣬ˣӦ׵ˣӺܾǰ֪ԼĶӣûаɹӣΪʲ˵Ļ 

һ£ڵׯ˵ĻүСĸ 

ׯ۾ֺ̾һҲѹңЩԵĿҶ֪޲棬վʱδҲֻܺ񡣡 

˶ٿлһƬ˪˵֮ǰԲ¶Ҳ⣬ֻǴӽ쿪ʼҲԿ࣡ 

⻰˵նްתȻһ࣬ˣʱԸ׵Ŀĸȥʱ޾ʹޣʵ޷ȻֵĴȰס 

ׯذɣֻ֪Ҫĥ 

ׯһ࣬ѽݵıԺУӽ쿪ʼû˿ѹˡǲΪ˵Ҳѹ㲻ңֻҪάµһׯ书߳ͿԵģк̴ܶϵҲ̶꣬ʵʳ죬ֻԺܼĸףҪԭңҲûʲ˵ģֻĸףʱûһĸΨһϣϻظףϺӣ֮飬ܰϢ𣿡 

ǰĸף 

ȦǺģƺվûֿαĿϾǹѪһ˹ȥվ˵ߡ 

ֽлл㣬ллԭҡ 

WգһƬƽͣĸףһֱϣһɡ 

ΣׯֿڵӢŶҪиˡһ׮£Ҫȥˣ׮ŵԵ£ҪһŻԸǵĹϵ 

˵꣬Ц϶ܸܵܵġ 



ܿɽׯе˿ʼعؾǸܹܣҲһϻ̳Ͽֵģ 

ʵںЦܹܵʱ֮飬ҲͻһСȥƽϡǳӢʲỰҲû뿪ʵﲻֻܰοԼ˵һͺˡ 

Wգ̧ۿȥããһƬ·̫ɹĻȥˣһĲҲġ 

ȻѾһܵүǲϰݣƫƫȵ»һ㣬ʵ᲻ȥȤڷ¡ 

ģͼվš 

ȻﻹЩȻվĸס 

æ˽һ˫۾ȰĿסֹסޡ 

࣬Ķү·Ը˾ˡαԶ֣ 

ͷӦһһʱЩ޴롣 

̾һ࣬һֱûһף֪㻹ûȫԭҡ 

һȣΣ͵ͻһס 

۽һʪ󣬽࣬һ𣿡 

ЩԾ̧ͷ˿ףԼʲᶼᣬܰ︸ʲ᣿ 

ֻһĨŴҪԸˣҲǿġ 

˵ɣܰæһġ 

Ĩâӳһֱʲ˼ȴѿڣӢȥ׵;ӻˣԷҲ쵱˼ңһεִҪʼˣʵڲܵǣԡ 

һȥ𣿡 

֣Ϊί㣿ֻҪ⣬ҪиУиׯȥһʱ䣬ӢڣΪȥסһʱ䣬ֻƢĹ֣Ϊֻȥί͵òʧˡ 

ŷȥҲʲίҪѹٻˡֻΪʲᣬС¸Ҳ黳ҴӦˡ 

΢΢һЦͷίˣȻѴӦˣվҪˣ㿴ʲᣬ׼һ¡ 

΢΢ЩԾֻסһЩʱգΪθ׵Ŀ·жʰأȴ׺ЦĿȰһʱЦԼɣͷ 

˳ӣ컹δѾš 

ү׼ׯԸЩڰǰܵء 

˼·ְճõķźãѾȥ 

ѾҪӽׯ⣬û׳ 

ͼܹվſڣЦү졮Ҷׯɸ봫飬мׯȥׯҹȥˣͲСĸһ 

ֻһ̧Ľηף΢΢Щܹߵү컹ûߣͻᵽ 

Ҳûʱԥ춻˽ӡ 

̧ٴδӽӵĴ⿴ȥ 

һׯ峿ıԵ󲿷ׯ˻˯У̫Ҫ˰ɣԶԶѾ˰ϼ⣬꿪ʼһֱҪ뿪û뵽뿪ˣȴЩϾʮĵطο԰ﵽӢﵽףıɣûٻգӴ˾Ǳ 



峿һ·УϦա 

̧εļ˵ѵأһգȴ˿˵һл 

ҲǶ֮ˣֻʮͷγ̽ͷȥɽˮ޲ʤգǰʮ֣ѪɽˮȾһĨɫֻֻŵˮ 

ɽУ·Ҳ⾰ɫһ㡣 

һˣϢһ߰ɡ 

̧ε˽ŲͣһջصүۼͷҪȥˣ߳ɽУϻ޳ˡ 

ɽоɫҲ֪˵÷ֻµڵĻ 

̫ûɽУֻһƬϼ⣬ҹ͹ɽݵȴڴʱһҲƮ˹ 

һϸ˺þãһʹ˹ 

ͣ£ɽкˡ 

ηһ㶣Ųǲͣүɽвȫǻǿ߰ɡ 

ЩлүемǿӲ 

ЩҲҽͣ£ 

Щ춻ͣ˽ӡ 

ղŵɽ洫⼸˶۳һҧҲǣһ˹ȥ 

ɽϵľЩ䣬δʧĲй⣬˵ϵİɫѪ 

˳Ѫһ·УȻѪ·ƾʧһ㣬ΧҹʼҲѪ 

ѾȫȥȥֻᱻɽС 

äĿЩµѪ̧ͷΧĻкһ 

ʵǴ׷ǰ޿׷ٵĺۼһЦոѪķȥһ̸ڵĴվ 

ûж⣬ֻ뿴˿ڣɡ 

ֻҶɳɳ춯һ˿Ҳϥڵϣȴ˳ 

һѰϮӦͼһˮƵ䵶Ĳϣ¹´һĨұĺɫûǿԸоصĺȻء 

Σڣûж⣬ֻ뿴زأ㲻䱸 

˭˿ˣһƣ͵ѹԸС 

ǳ࣬԰ѵҲ书 

ϵĵƿˣתͷˡ 

ҲǶʮµͣһֺͲӲǣˣ۾ȴҰްĹâֲ԰ף·ҽȫѪͶˣ¹£ԿҼ磬ûкúõİʧѪ԰׵ԭ 

ǽƺԼµʱ䣬ȻЩҡΣʹ۾Ȼǲľǿ 

кȻĪϧǵÿĥʱҲǣϷ䡣 

㲻䱸Ҳ书˺أҰһ°ɡ 

ллɣĲ书춻ˡ 

ҿһ˫֣ʹׯд˵ҩ˿ڲѪˣȥĶͷ˷Եһ㣬Ѿܵͷȶȡղŵʧȥʱ򷢳ģ֪ģ֪ѵʱԲԼ 

ڷգȥˮԴĵطȴûע⵽һ˫˼۾ 

ٴλʱ˱۾ƣĿϣͶõʪĶͷϡһȴûſ۾ 

һҹûкۣһֱڲͣĸͷϵʪɫ΢ʱȥۡ 

үү 

ĺнѣһſ۾Χֻ飬ѾӰҲ˲еȻڽη˹һҹ·һΣȫ޺ۼ 





ʮһ  





յļϣЩ֣ߵʱ˵һռȴࡣ 

ɫְηߵһֱǺƫƧ·̣лЩӺȻͣ 

ʲ¶ 

û˻ش½һеĽη򶼱Ѩһһ˫ַסڵĺԶȥ 

˲ûҪ˼ܿͱڵϣ¹ͷһǰɽоȹ֮ˡ 

˵ɫЩ԰ףѾ˸ɾ·ȫ˵ĺۼˡ 

аû˰ɣ 

Ĭһڵ֪ҪȥĵطҪȥ 

ЩԾֵֻͨһȥֻȥ׳ȥѣҴӲǷ飬͵飬߰ɣ׷ 

ʱǶޱˣò˵⣬ֱǰˡ 

ʱ뿪˱ػỤҵգӴ˾Ϳڵ뿪׵УһֱĳӢָΣ 

Բ׵ĻȻȥһԲӢ¶Ǹĸ簡δ֪ʱ򣬾͸ĺǻðһΣգ 

뵽̧ͷǰˣлл㣬Ҫȥˡ 

࣬ûԼȥ˻ҲܸǸطȥˣһڣ 

΢΢Цлл㣬ʹҵǲɲδҲȥԣǷһ˵ģұ뻹ߡ 

Ŀһʹ㲻뿪Ҳڣ 

˵ͷԶڣ 

ٴӣøУһ۾ӣз·в书ƣܲʲ࣬ĵʼվã˲ǻˣһ档 

ҲԼˣһȥȴĵʲᣬѾȥ롣˳Ӣ⣬ԼҲǷµһׯʲˡ 

һĹ򣬽ͣ 

˽ӽ˳һڲݵǰ 

үׯĹأ۾ɡ 

۾ǣ֪˶Ȧ춿ժºڲˡ 

ǰһĴзһΣΧһ˵ĵطԵЩյģֻſڵķһɫһֻʰ쵵ڡ 

ˣƽУ˾ͲˣֻһãȻڴм䡣 



ɫһ󼲷Ӷߴ 

һͷͼһЦЦ˫ķĿʶĸоɫĳۣ½ĵеW˿ìܡ 

һ˫ֿסĲӣ˹ļֻһľͣЦЦкȻһֲ⣬ıһַŭ 

һɣƵڵϣ˭ 

ǳ࣬ϵĶӡ 

Ҳ֮ˣֻǲ֪˵ķŭν 

˲ٿϷɸ봫飬Ķ£ 

ȻףԭҪǸгӢˣʹ׼Ȼֹסӵľĸ۵ 

Ǹ궯ܿ죬һյĹʹ˻š 

һЦԸ 

װ׵дȢδ飬ԹΪ 

ֵֽ۾ȻǸɬģûһᡣ 

ˡΰţը 

˶ͣһ˵ķ䡣 

˵꣬˹ٴסѣǿʳ磬ȻϲҪˣסˣҵҪĶȥ 





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סģһƬʮСһĵط䲻ʲ˲õĺ÷ӣǵҲûǽߡ 

ʰʮˬûжݳƷǱļȫȱ٣Ȼڷһǻһ١ 

ǵ˽˷еЩЦٵʱסĲ֪˶٣һӵˣҲү 

ͷҲصȥˡ֪ǶĽ 

δʰͣһײˡ 

һ߳ͷĿбһѳ˴˽ 

зӳͼһ˫ֽסļϸϸ 

Ļɫ˵ɣҪҳʲſϸһΣ 

˫ּ·Ҫһ㣬һĿ־סﵽʲطԷ˼ЩףȴȥҪԿ࣬ȴܳĥ 

˼þòһɫ԰׵ķ·͸һ㣬һ˫ˮƵ۾кãȻͣĻشһֻȻ˺·ǰ 

һ»عҡҲǣǡġ 

Ҳ磬ڳ·ֿճסֹסлͣµˣװʲ崿 

Ҳֵ֪ĽȥδſڣѾסǰƣ·һ 

ֻʣһ°ɫĺղŵǼϣʪİɫֵߣʤ׽˵żϡ 

ֻԼҪ޷ˣϴ̱ǵĺζεĽ棬һһеѹδǰŵжĵζЩˣۼ˵ҪԼϣƴ̧ͷݺݵöͷװ˵ıϣһУס˱ӣûȥҪܣȴѿճһֻֽ˻ 

ղеѾŭ棬˫صĸơ 

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˿лڲɲСˣǲúõˣ 

ϱĺѾҪ¶ЩݵļͰţиȾ𣬹˲ٽѵˤڵϣٴǰҲƬ 

廹δȫɣеɬƤ·ڿķ⣬ֵסѨеԵĹâһٴѹ˹ 

ı۾ȴϵ裬Σȴûиеκſ۾һѱסѨ˽ϡ 

˳һȴ·ϾȹǸӡ 

ûпֻǽԼϡ 

ָס˽⿪ѨϵĮķ·ûһҲƽƽģǣҿˣ㲻ɡ 

ǽǵķߺޣһֺֻݺڽϣΣ춻Ƿǣʲ˼ȿеģ 

ɫδ䣬ҩ˵⣭ˣңУˡȻƽƽȴ·һʯѹǵͷвʣЩ߷Ȼӣסһ˵ǲֻҪܸۣ涼ԣʲʸռ 

ʣǱ£ĵȥ 

ӵڻֻ´㸶ġ 

ǵǣ춻һ˦˳ȥﻹһгǡ 



ǣĬĬ֣Ļů̫ζζİոյĲ 

ڴϣǰҩͿڸոʱϡ 

Զϵĸоǵֱϻķ·ĵֻϺͶ϶лȸУ̧ͷ۾ΣڵԲˣҡᱣġ 

ֻ۵ЩʪŶԼǰ˵ģǳҪסԼ 

صĵͷ㡣 

ǽͷ῿ϣﲻʺ㣬һ뿪ġ 

һһֿĹܿǳ춶պĵı 

һʱ䣬ԣֻ󣬷·˶Ѭ⻨ˡ 

ǵĻӣû˸鷳֪ܿԼĴ 

ȻءӴɱѩѣаѵ˩ 

ֻԼɱǵĹأͨеĵȻ˭ǿ˭ӵһС 

ѵͷɱ֣ҲΪݣԱȫԼȻ˵Ҫ뿪ɭϣƣĪ˵书ʹֲǴ˳ȥֻҲ޷˵׷ɱҪߵĲۼҪӳ顣 

ݲǶʲᣬٴνӵµ뿪ѵʱ򣬼֪ݣʱԻ 

֮ǰͷָ׼һЩҩ뿪ʱȻвվΥ˼뿪ѡ 

ǳ뿪ļգҲƽͣ˰пǵ˸ 

һգɫãεûһ˿ƶ䣬紵Щŵĵʹ֦оĵģоˣʵȥ͸͸ 

ĴûˣЩζ͵ҲӰװӣ˳ȥ 

̰ĿƬķһ·ߣ̤޵ĲݵأһƬ̫ܵɭ֣һö֦Ҷïмδ 

һ·ûʲˣƺһӶʧˣ῿ǿôϣ۾е΢磬͸еᴵһǶˣ 

ͻ͵ſ۾ֻǰߵĵطһ 

ֻǰһѵǰٵҲֻ˵аǿе˲Ҳ̲סҪˣ 

ҪˣǴס·㡭 

ǰһ˼Ѿһ𣬡᣿ҾͲ𣿡 

̽·ҪȡҩƵǯסֱۣһ죬ֱѣˡȴЦӯӯģ᣿ȲҪͶͱˣ 

޷֪ǣֻ²顣ȻܵˣΨһµľҲǣǻ᲻ѹ 

һʹ˹һĹһ˿ѵ⡣ 

ֵǣвһֽпĹâǻǺЦ⣬ȴһֻҲ۶ˡ 

΢עͻᱻСèצˣҿҪСЩء 

Цĵ׺·ٴα˺ˣ˲ʲᣬһζĿ 



ûеסѨ֮䣬ȫûأֱĵʹδεĺˮĶͷǳɫ·һˮۣϷ·гʢģ̲סһ 

˸еĲ٬һĨԽҾԽ˷ܣ 

쿿˹һתĲϣĲϲס˱һϵĺۼȻݺݵҧסϵĶ·ҪѪһ㣬ֻܱĳһУΨһľҧס´ʹΪֻ˸˷ܡ 

һ˫ִ·°˽ȥ˫ֱģһͣŤƤζҲƲסеĶģ 

˺·Ұһҧϵӡǣʹ಻ʲᣬִļ尾Ľڵϣȴһ·֪è׽һĿȴ޷ӿȤԡ 

дһֲ̬Ŀȣ۾ҲȼĹâһθܵľλܽ 

˵ĶȻͣһɢǣˣſ 

̧ͷһȻѵˣ 

ЩȻվΥ˼վ 

۾һֱɫмֲмǣ֪ǲѡʱ㻹Ķ֣ҲϣΪ֮ 

ȫû˸ղŵţվͷǣҡеӣ˵ǣȥɡ 

ǸߣǱ㻹а취һ¾ͼ󽫷Ŀ͵͵Ц˼ֹסҵмˣӽ쿪ʼźҵС˰ɡ 

Լ·Ѿʪָɣʪӹһѡ 





ʮ  





С˵Ҳûʲ̫ĹЩīĹΨһе鷳ľƺе⣬ܶڵ¶ֱˣƺڽ䱸ʲᡣֵɣȻͲ󣬵ǳǸ֪ΪʲᣬǶ˵Ŀ־УǱҪܶ㼴㡣 

һ£˽°ӿϼ˻ల¡ 

ǻһΣǽӵҴ뿪ΪڸСˣǷ˲١ 

һգ컹ûȻ˯Ѿʮδ飬ȻҲûڣʵѵõɡ 

ζӵѿʼһֱתһȦҲ֪Щʲᣬתķ⣬Ҫһ 

յſڣһʹֻ˳ܵվסţһʱͿ 

϶ĴڴƬ̹Ѿֱ 

С֮УֵЦζ 

ֻԭֹϵ 

̳Ӣʱ飬Ȼ֪ϼ¼Щν֮ã֮񱡣ȴû뵽ȻҲȺãսʱǺӰǶ¶˼Ĵһսֶ˼η塣 

˵ȻͣҲ˲ñģ첽ܻԼķС 

Զ 

ȻֹϵĵӾʵ˷ѽˡ 

˵ȡע⣬ֲ̬ȫ̸ĵطԸоƺ 

ĵǴӺζ˺ܾҲûͷ 

ۿ죬ʹװûлҲ˸ȥʰʱ 

һ뵽Ҫȥ˼֪ģתϣÿοԼרעůĻ 

ķŴҲĴһոµĴҵĺۼһʰһ߲Ծ͵Ǵ󴲣һЦͷһЦЦſڿ 

һɾˮ̴ۣȣЦȴδ۵ף᣿ҺĹϵˣ 

һ²ҡ 

Ķ˹µͷЦĲ𣿡ЦһԽˣ´Σơ 

΢΢Ц˳ˣȥɣû¶ˡ 

Ҷ첽˳ȥ 

һգûٳȥ 

Ȼܶ㿪Ͷ㿪ʵڱܲҪʱҲǴͷȥһװƵӡ 

ƺҲ֪εԭ򣬵鷳ÿֻߡ 

и鷿˵ĽأҲǲܽġ 

ÿջƻʮ֣һ˽ȥʱʱ飬Ҳ˸ҽȥͨ 



ǻƻ裬鷿ʱ̣ϿȥʰҪ뿪ͼһ 

ۼҪȥˣܵסڲܽȥ 

һ˦Ҫ죡 

Ҳ˲ס˵ܿͻˣʱ򴳽ȥ֪ͷ㣡 

һ£վǴ鷿ǰòٺģ 

һ±ƿˣͼſڣˮ 

ˡ 

ûĻ˵꣬ѾڣҶ꣬Ĺز˵ɣڿʼʱԺɡ 

ˣм¡ը 

۾ɨһȦȻֻɨǸеһ⡣ 

Ļ˻ȥͷҲصȥˡ 

ڵϣΣעӣԹԺС 

ʡƵȻͲƣƬ̹򣬴¡ 

ĵĿģӰӣȴܸоĵ׵ı 

ԽԽݶƬϣһţ˳ȥ 

ӰҡΣһɡסƬĴ̼꣬䣬Ҳڵʪ˸͸ 

Բٳɡ첽ܵǰɡͷϣϻҰһƬԭW촽ϿһѪɫ۾лһƬǿ 

һ֣ƿɡ߿òè޺ӼٴȱҲϡ۵ 

ٴνɡͷϣûҪ㣬ǲҲۣԼϧԼǻбԸⰮϧ㣿 

΢΢ͷˮֲˮˮ 

춻ֽӹɡ 

ⳡһֱҹԺжǴԶʯˮϴ͸ĵ䣬ǵСʱԼڱִ̹ǵĸоĲӳЩԵģִһţĬĬķǰ 

ڶûˣһ󲡡 

쿪ʼȻǲ̫˵̬ȵǺͻ˺ܶࡣ 

ԽԽԶȥʱ򳣳˵һѡϵĹһȥҲ޷οֻڳԵķŸֻ 

һ죬ǳճյ⣬ģʵڲ̣׼˼СˣķԣҪ˿һס 

Ϊʲãͬңǿң 

ֵص˵ˣϣԼû˻㡣 

Ĵȥӭ⣬۽һ˿⣬Ҳ֪ü㻹ǺԼ 

ЩԻ󣬴ӿʼͲԼĵ⣬ʵ벻ԭʲᣬպԼἰҲͲٱܼʲᣬҲΪҪң 

ЩԾĿĲ֪ 

Իҡҡͷ 

ãҾʹȥ 

ӳ鷿 

鷿ûжװΣֻڱǽϹ˼ûﻭӦˡ 

ŵһľɢɢ̯˼档һгһֽݸ 

һ͵һҲһﻭëʵĹճòӣͷЦĴ黭ƻ 

ԭ򣬲ȻʧЦ 

Ϊ𣿡 

⻰ǳԾк֮𣿡 

Цһ£էǺңϸзֱģ˵㼸ʱйʵЦݣ 

һʱе㲻֪롣 

˵ĲӦҵĸ磬µһׯļ̳ˣӢܻῴң 

ùϸϸȻ˺Щ΢Ĳ𣬲ˣԼģ˽չˣиھ 

˳鷿һʱΪп̽ܣȴΪյΪΣſڵ޲ңǹסź㱻ǿġ 

һ㶣ȻˣˣȥˣֻҪúöԼԼúöԼǱúö㣿 

۾ֻ峺αֿɬ춻ǿڵлл㡣 



ΪѭѭȰգſĻҲˡˣȥ鲻ҲǰһĮ 

ۼϵݹ⽥ÿĿⲻӰ֪һѪ׷ˣֻ¶̫һգٴˡ 

ֵĲûãŻ£峿յſڣͼһɭȻ˵ڵϵĽű˺ɼƬĻ鷿пĳӢĻ 

а⣬ͷһŻң벻κοŹĽڣֻ´£κɶŹ˰ɡ 

۾ӹĿľͱʲᶼΪ˰ 

Ҷˣڡ 

ꡣˡ 

ţǵúҵĹ֪ˣ 

˵ͷҼˣ޿ɱ粵Ҫ𷣣Թԡ 

Ц˳һֱΪǸĺӣû뵽ıʧ 

һֵϹأƤʮ£ȥ˷ǰ볾СԼѡ 

ĮȻ·ЩͷǼϵġ 

˳ڵϡ 

죬ǽƻ𣬽ˮƤޣֻһ¾;ϵ·ڹᱳһѪۡ 

;վԱߣжûκα顣 

һһ£ܿ챳ѾõĲ֣ȥ¶ϼϵĺۼ 

ҲͲסһס˵ıӡ 

˵ˣʲΪ㰡ܲŸ֣ 

Į˼ζ 

Ҳڵʱ˲¶ǵҪˡ࣬ʲĿͷ 

˶˵ò̸ϣֻΪֵҲֻ밮ѣʹˣΪʲ᲻һº͵ķʽͷ 

ãеһҶײҵˡȻԸΪͷҾͳȫ㡣С壬ʣٱûдꣿ 

̵˹Ļһ񣬴жʮ¡ 

Цãʣµľˡ 

˼˵᣿ͷˣ 

ҲڣΪҶײҵԼ˵Ĳҵ壬˵ĸصֻģ 

ŭЦ˵ĺãϽ̵ĺöӣҾͿ㻹ǲ˵ 

ڱϴһȷ磬漴ıᡣ 

ĸоȥһһһ£Ҫ˺ȫ񾭣ҪʹοС 

ֻݺݺݵҧס촽ܲʹĽкܽУΨһľǱסԼһϡ 

֪˶ٱӣͲסʹ˹ȥ 



ٴſ۾ʱǶ죬ſڴϣϣᱳûʹл͸ӦϹҩˡ 

ͷߣѾſ˯ˡ 

΢΢Цϵı̺ϣûҪĸмǱʲᣬֻڵԼոʧȥĸʱӡ 

һѾ˹Ŀ·Ҫӿһ㡣 

࣬Ҳ˵ллǷģֻҪһûһһỹ㡣 

žǿһʱޣáˣ㱨ҡ 

ֻһһεε档̾һ£ԼٺãҲ治е˿ڡ 

̧ͷֻ࣬Լ㡣 

ֻԣԼֻ°ȻǸ߸ϵˡ 

˵Ѿȥ书ȥ볾СΪ潣עܵõԸ¼ˣ 

󾪣㲻Լ 

δĻӿ˵µĺ˶ʲСѣ֪֮һ˻糹׶ͷҲ뿪һ졣 

ЦݣޡȰοĻҲ޷˵ 

ĿУ˽ 

ٴĴ 

࣬ҪˣҪñԼ 

һ࣬˳ȥ 

污δƮɢˮ͵ػͷסΪʲҰĲ㣿 

ֻᱳҲҪԼ 

Ӧתͷȥ 

ĿȥıӰȻȴһ˹ 

ԽԽҲʵı͸˳޽ǡü϶ǱµİӡѺþòǡ 





ʮ Ԩ 





˼̵ͬĺˮӿҲ˲С 

峿¶ˮζƵʵһֱ棿 

΢΢ԼĻ漴ס촽ǵ촽Ҳģ¶ˮζȻȴ˵¶ȣڻе˸СͲƽ 

Ȼ䣬ֻ뵽ԭ 

˶ֻ֣ܽ촽һ𣬷·ǶԴıֻһһһ£ȵĿҵй;ֱ˶ 

ϵȥüϵİˡ 

׽סָǵģһˡȻˣ 

ʧЦԭڳԴףеۼҪһ㣬ԭĸϻһ˵İֻ˼´ҵˡ 

һºᰤҿ˿ڣ 

Ÿоᱳһʹ˵ģڡ 



ЯڣŷǵѪ 

ƺǸܹˣѪڻĲãûкúõչԼ 

ȴ·ȫ޸УֻСĽڴϣصˣֻҪЩʱղܺˡֻ»°̺ۡ 

нϵˡ 

ЦЦҪСˡվͺˣ࣬ӦңúչԼѴʥˣֻҪµĺͿ԰γɾܶʮ깦ʱһԴ뿪 

˵ͷиʥЧãĿֻ꣬ϵҲʥйأֻǿӣ˵Щ 

ĬƬ̣ſ˵ǣ֪ʲ᣿ɡ㣬õʥĴ㣬ԶΪū 

ᱧס֪࣬һúõĴʥ㡣ͣһֵм俪ʼǲпѵֻ̭һ;ԳǸһĶͣ£ҲϢκϣΪ㣬ҵһȥʲҸһᱣԼΪҲ뿪㡣 

ֻ۽Щɬ⣬ͷУҲһθܵҸ 

һ뿪ѣΪ뿪Ĺ÷æչе¶һϡ 

Һѣֻһ뿪дʱ䡣 

鷿Ȼǲѿϴδȥᣬûз֡Ҳʹӣڵʱ͵͵ȥ 

Ϊ˿ܣֻǾʲ书֮ĶȻѾ¶Ҫ뿪ѣȻҪ׼ 

ʰͣ͵͵鷿鷿ʵڲ󣬶ҲȼѾΣûзκ书йص黭 

ϸϸһ飬Ȼûκη֣Ҫ뿪ȴֱǽϵĻڵЩƫˡһƿȻеڻ档 

Ҳһѿͼһ 

õһϻȻ֩󷨡 

СһüԣԷһΣ֪š˹ǺڵһаֻǴ˹Եޱȣ뼺Ҳд󺦣в˵ҪԶȥΪԪԳɣͻÿվʹһΣδˡʹ֪ȥʹʱԽԽʱջԽԽֱ̣߽ԶϲŻֹͣ 

СĵķŻԭʵ벻ͨ书ûصԿһ£ϾͲڵĺ⹦֮ᣬɱҲûʲĿĲһ뿪粻Ψһ벻ͨľǣΪⱾûʲôصܡ 



ƺжæ˳ȥ鷿ŻָԭովãͿ߽ 

ӽʼһֱӷ·֪ʲᣬǺֶΣ֪ԼҲ⡣ 

þãһȴ˵ȥüҶ࡯׼¾ƵС͵鷿 

һڣѾŵľζźʼһֱһЦЦĪӣҲδκ¶ķı顣 

ƺʲ¶ˣϧ԰οЩҴ׼˼¾Ʋˣ˼ƣ¾뿪 

˵࣬ûߣ£Һȼƣ 

󾪣²ңը 

Цʲ᲻ҵ鷿ʲ㷭ûУ 

һԭ֪Լ͵鷿ֻеʲ᣿ 

˵ǲԸҺϼˣ 

ΣֻһԣĴһ˿΢ЦһٱͷһһһܿһʧС 

ͣȻ᣿㲻ԸҺȣ 

ΣֻҲٱƺȾƽʱһƣһһֱֻθУӦٴξٱʾ⣬ͣ٣ֻͷ¡ 

һһ˾ĺһƿˣҪȥþƣһѣθϮ˼ڵϡ 

Ѿ˹ŲȣֻѴһЩʵˮְڵϣָƣĺ񣬺񡭡 

˵Ĳ࣬˦ָеǳࡢ࣡ 

ֵ͵͵Цǣǳ࣬߰ɣһ˺Ⱦơ 

վҪȴʹٿѾһͷֱӽƹУģԽ뿪Խ 

۸˼ʣ㻹ûߣãá 

ٴα˵ڵϣӢӢ 

ĹȻԼĸ磬ŬӿȴԽԽ촽ѹֻһģҲ˲ҧȥ 

һ˿Ѫζ˿ڴ˹вʣǶ˼ΣգҲǳӢ 

ֽס򢣬֪Ҫģͱ 

˫͵򢱻ݺݵŤеı弸޷ƣһ˿ݵЦݸףֱۺͽױŤˣҵʹ 

Ǵֱ˼ֳͷζֻһŤ۵ĹؽھͻΌΪ亹Ķͷһεֻı۾ȴҪķ籩 

һ죬ϵ·˺Ƥ΢ĿĴ˸ǿſ۾ж˼˵Ĳпᣬ㲻÷ңڵһҵģ㲻ҲƫƫҪңû˿ңҲ⣡ 

޳Ϻĵ̺棬ɫֻͣһ£ͿʼŰָۼϴɵӡ鲼壬ȵڲҲŹʹֹؽںͽŹؽڵ˴ʧȥûκ׼Ĺ˽ҪҧסڶĺУֻȥҲͿԲȥʹࡣ 

ӲҲܣͣڰ;ϲ£һ˳ 

Σ͵س˳ȥһǰһڣ֪һлûн˵ȻѾʼͲҪָͿԽ 

Ȼһƿϣ͡Ѿ˵˽˳˽ȥ˵ĵط˻ĸоƺûֹƵģƻڲͣĹʹûоʹı۾һƬãȻѵָҸٴԶ 

ٴѹ˹ŨŨľڿУ֮Ѿ޾룬һγ˽ƺѪ󻬣һƺ˳ЩȻ·ڵһ㣬ֹĳ鶯ÿһζҪ˺ѣ·ҪٴķˣһƬƬģûֹʹǽܵĵطѾʹľĵ׷ӿ˵ĶģһҵĿԴԣոսȥľҲӿĿ̻ûֹͣ¹֮Ŀʹ࣬ܣ˹ȥ 



ٴʱѾˣһʹǶĵŻİգֺͽŵĹؽѾˣҲ޷طײײⰹĵط 

ص˲ˮֻԡˮ˽ȥ 

ˮļҪסˣԸԼҲһסϴ꣬ȻȥϣҲ֪˶ãϷ·һĽͷˮУܿϢĸоˣָоΧʶԽԽƮԭӽĸо֮á 

Ȼһ˫ֽˮ˳࣬ˣ 

˫ֻۣԼĻþȴֹסĴ۽ǵ 

СĵĽˮб˳һ׵ĸʲᣬǲ֪ΰοֻĬĽϵˮϺޱ 

ûûڹЩ뿪Ͳʹࡣ 

ڱУĶϣղŵһֻһجΣ߸ղſԾȥҸ 

ֻһҵĿԳڶѪڴϡϡ 

ŻˣͬһӵڻУ࣬ңҡҵĴҵĴͷԼ࣬࣡ 

˳ĿǻůҺۡʹ 

Ľڴϣ˯ɣҿ㡣 

ǵģ˦˦ͷҲԼˣߣ˯ܿԼһᣬ͵С 

ĴߣĿѾȥˮ͵ʥֻϴȥ̽ѱ֣òײŴ˻ȥ½䱸ɭϣֻȥ޻أʵ᲻ֻټһ棬ȴײ˲״ 

ֽһİףĽëϻûеµ飬ϧȥǵᣬüһΪԼȴңңǵĸο˯ȥ 

һᣬ޲ϴ뿪ѣһ뵽Ҳȥһȥˮһõʥһ뿪ϣ 

ǽѹڴߵϣһ˯еĵ뿪ķ䡣 

û뵽˷뿪ճ 





ʮ ûı 





ſ۾ʱֻǰɵһƬеĶ·һѪЩֵĽǣȴû˻Ӧ 

´ֱǰĵӰһ£ûпµӵбƮ˴¡ 

ڵϣǻ뿪ˣ˯֮СһԼˣؿѪӿһȣԭκҸЩйЩӰΪʱ򣬿Ǳ 



۾ֻĸܵһģĸоӰı仯ʱѾʧȥ塣нŲ˹ǰվû˵ 

̧ȥȻǺɵһƬԿɸоǣ˭ʲ 

㡭 

һڣúȴֻһĮȻҲǲǿСˣ 

򢱻̧۾ˣ 

˦֣ǵģѾ޷źˣǲǿԷŹң 

ﲻûõˣѡů 

һп϶ΪǶĶͰɡǿЦЦ˳˲ֹĿЦԭһôů 

ĿЦڵıԭΪԼҪһɹй壬ȴȷͳӢǽȻͬˣǶԼע 

ЦͣãҴӦůѵĹأҲҪ۲У 

ǰҪʲ᣿ 

Ҫ󷨣Ҫɵһ㣬ǰһĴۣ 

Ķǰˣûн࣬еֻһƬĮȻʵʵڵ˵ʲζҪҲɡ 

ǲֻҪףͿϴܶԷ˭ 

Цԣֻиۣκ˶Ժϴ 

¼ 

㲻ָܺЦող﷢й᣿ѵҪʲɣ 

ΪӦһֽѣȴ֮ʧ 

֪󷨵 

Լ¶Ͳˡ 

Ǻãʼɡ 

Ļ䣬˫־͵һ˹æ񣬰󷨵ŷȫֻǵůģȫĺˣһפʱ䣬һѾɡ 

վȻ㲻ٸСˣԼԸ潼ˣǾͻԭĵطȥסҪŪҵӡ 

֪Ϊʲᣬܾŭ⡣ 

еȻȻᵽʱ뿪ľѲҪˣ˭ʲ 

վĶ°˳ʱס 

۾ûʲɫκζģģģҲȥѾһ㣬Ҫȥͱ˿ȥ 

˽ˣ˭һ˫˲ͷ˦˫ëëĴ֡ 

˭֮ǰҪԼǲǸۣ 



Ҫʲ᣿ϡ䱦书ţ˵˶ĵĴС 

ͷתķ򣬵ЦҪ 

˵һ˻ȥЦѵĹֽ֪׶ԸģһҹԼãһҪ޷֮ 

ǿʳ磬һĵĹأֻҪǰ̸һᷴڣػܵĳͷ 

һʱԥҪþȻĹȥѪкúûȥͱԼͣ΢ͻᱻ̭ʹǿֻ϶ûһиΪһҹ̰Ѫ֮ʵԽա 

ڣûУ 

ۼԭ峺˫һˮ¶ĲƬƬȴ˼ŰͣҪʲ᣿䱦λ书ţңҶŪ㡣 

ɫ䣬Ǿǲͬˣȥ 

ָ˵ؿڣҲǶֻǿֹͬħһ㣬ָԼĸо 

תͷڴϣûĳɢ䣬ֲ԰׵ɫ 

ҪƫֲȻ¶ķ飬紵룬½ǣϻδµϣһᣬ㣬꣡ 

˵ϣＱĽ·£һȥһӡǣƵߣһӽʹ˵ĳζͷתȥȴ˻ݺݵҧ촽θзܣŻ˵ҲȥȻǰݺһѡ 

ҪУȴڿУڣѾصĴ壬ʹƺȵһθʹ˷ſ죬ֻǲͣس壬л˷ܵĴУСɧģ 

֪˶ã춴һйڡ 

Լ·һȦˣһֶʹ·ûоͷҲȥõ㣬ƫƫ޷ԸҵʹдǿҵУ۾һ 

Ҳ֪˶ã춴Щ꣬Ҳ׻ˣ 

ʹѵõҪģҪҪģ 

˽˹Լڣȴ޷˹˵Ҵܣͬһ㣬˵ͣӿ˹֪ͣҴܵȫ޷ƣ˶ֻһǿԼˮӿ˳ȥۿΪҪֻ֮ܺģðһ۾ΣգӲ֮ϵϿһƵĿһ˳ȥ 



һգǻģʼ˹ڵ赼˼νڳײĸȥĶǵӰӣԲȥֿԼŰһδֽӽһ̲ͣʹƽȥǻ᲻һڣ 

ʹľˣоʼľԺ˯˹ȥȻһʹлѣķ·һֻεһţѾľ񾭱ü߾·Ҫǿһ㣬Ҵܵ·Ҫ˺ɼ룬ĺˮɴڲͣĳ鴤ȵѪζſ³ûС 

ϸϸһ㣬ǵաը 

󷨱ޱȣ˻ӣֻǴִֵĿһΣȫռϰƫƫ޷ھͳ߻ħףɵӣԼƣۼѾ߻ħˡ 

ҪѹһӿƵֻ·һŻȴһűһһ⣬ϵ·Ѿ亹͸ˣԭǰһźҲһƬ 

ʹУƫƫо˽ڿٵĽӽֻЦԭڴѣһڣѪ˳ȴ޷ԼֻͣЦеҪҪȥ꣬Ҫ 

ѪͣĴǺ·ϡ϶ǴĿĵѪ˽ӵڻ࣬࣬ǣ㵽ˣ 

Իָ˵㣬һ࣬ǣưܵҲҪҪȥ࣬࡭һѪδĻ»˿С 

һ͵͸˹һɹҴܵ뵤ڵľʹƽϢ߾ߣԭȸкͱĸоԶȥˣƽ 

ǲֻ֣ͣڵԼһȥ׷ʲ¶˼⣬ߵʱ书ڵǴӺͶԵ֮ǼþȫŽƽΪ˵õʥֶ˼˿ڣæϻûüͿվֻһᣬҲѾˡȻڲͣʧȻлϲԣûˣʹȫޣҲûԹԡ 

ȻһԼֱۣǰƺЩģģĿǵӰӣвûԹ޵ģǿԼߣԼ 

ŨصѪζǺȻ۾һ㱡۾۾ˣ 

ҿˣʲҲˣ 

ὫڻУ£һκ۾һ뿪 

Ļѿ㲻ʷʲ¶ 

½ԲҲʹæ뿪Ҹһֱġ 

һ𣬡㲻ң͵͵뿪ң 

һᣬ࣬뿪㣿еҸֻЩõʥ뿪Բ࡭ 

۾һ۽ǹԭʼնǣܼǣܵʲᶼδ 

ؿһʹһһѪѵߣӲȥǵģΪԼģ̫̫࡭ 

Ķͷ࣬۷ʲ¶ҵҸֻܸһҪΪң 



ĬƬ̣춻ǵͷ 

ڹ£ʥѾˣֻй֮ǰҪ֪㵽ˣ 

󷨡 

ΪҴܣ˰Ե书ָȻ߻ħҪһֻԼϡʥǿѹȥ䲻֪ʱŻٴαǲƽʱֲ޵ĻӦòʲˡ 

ǽ帧ӻȡӣ࣬УһŵʥһǣơںδзʥѵסԵĹΪֻ֮ҶͬǣƣҲܸоڵı仯ʥá 

̽Уֻĳ䶯к棬ʵʲǣƣ 

΢βŻصǣ置ŮøֶģΪֿһһֻǼʹһҲԽᵽ˴˵ľһһģǹƳͻɾ綾ɻ˵࣬ҡ 

ְסǵĿڣסʣµĻң 

ǴóһֻУǳŤƤʧˡֽһֻԼУ΢ѴǳҲˡ 

¡ʥЧֻܳʮʱ 

ǹӣֻһӵᴫ͵е߾ٽĺһһԲͣԭڵдҲӵһ飬ؿڵʹҲůůˡ 

֪˶ãſ۾ԭǰĺѾֻһӰӣǵպȻ裬֮ˮĴ̼ķŵǰȻʧ⡰ʥЧޱȾ۾Ҳ˴롣 

нתһܣֻ̩ͨҪһչһƺʲ᲻ˣͷٿǣֻ˫Ŀաɫ԰ףؿϼڲͣѪ 

ǣɵ 

ǿſ۾ͼ΢죬һȦع΢΢Цһ£ֻС˿ڣϢһ¾ûˣ㲻Ҫġ 

ٳæҵĽ߰ı£˿ǸֲͬŪϵģһɼǣ˼ſס֣һİϴ˿ڣҩΪԼ׳˶ٿࣿ 

ǿͷԼæµܰһƬһ֧ǣûеˮԻص˴ӳʼǣеİ 





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ڵĺ御ǿʼѧϰͳ书ԼµһҵʱҲ书ţ˾ͳҹϰǶ֪书ĸü뿪ϣ͸󼸷֡ 

󷨵ϢѴ˻סȴ˸ҪϵȻԸǰЩÿÿҹɫոս٣˾ﵽɭֵζС 

ã˺һᣬ󺹣ڵϡϵ㷱ǣ߲оܰһƬ͵͵Уַסǵ֣һȫǺˮ᲻ɿ˺þãһЦ 

ǳ¹İףоǵעӣ۾һֻвͣĽë͸¶Ľš 

ͬƻһ㣬ͷ촽·һŻչǳǳ޷йĵ׻ѹĸ飬ſ죬ǵͷʹ˽Լľһֱ˶ 

һİĸоϯǵͷҪӽȴ֪ȥǵĶ˵ǻȥȥҵķ䡭 



һ䣬һǲԼеУĶ˵𣿡 

ϣ΢΢һЦϵ·Ľ 

һ·Ҳϻ¹һɫĹԣϻеӡоȵĿ⣬ӡ־Ȼ˹ϵĽԼ彻ǡ 

ռһϮǵͺһӵڻȴıḧ 

沢⻬ȥݺύı޺ۣһʱеϧǹʹ𣿡 

ҡҡͷֻǶߵٵȥˡ 

ǲ˵һڴϡ 

΢ʱǴһֱ֣۶ˣͷһֱͷ˿Σһۻˡ 

ԼֱֻۣǲĹ۲ĶͷͦεıӣЩݵϵɫ촽ڻѾɢջٳһŮеˡʲʱʼԼһֻΧתҲǴӳǿ̾Ϳʼ˰ɣרĸԼ˿ڵӣ֪ȴѡ񱣻˵ӡ 

Ȼϸ˵ȥǿ֪µһеĵλ̫ߣʹ׳裬ǱԣҹϵĽ彻ԼԼ᲻ 

ĽëȻҵĶǿҪˣһĲҴдǣǣ 

һᣬϿ콫§ڻᱳ࣬Ҫ£ٲ뿪ˣ 

ΣŴجоǵĸοղĻֲ̿˼֡ 

μһֱǰߣҲϲ㣬ԽԽԶ춲ˡ 

̧ĴߵģǺܿͻ뿪Ҳֿ 

Ŀǰ죬ŴãԶֿ 

֪Ϊʲĵ׺Ȼӹһ˿Ӱ 

̧ͷǿ϶ѡԼҲҲǿҸġ 



˵һΣ˱ʳ֪ζһѰһ𣬸ʱ˲ᡣ 

ֻƣᣬӵߡ 

ǳϵĶӣ书кܺõԣȻˣʥӣʦָ书νһǧ 

ֻ˻ûа˳뿪书Ҳ˵õжߡ 

ΨһĻ뿪ѣǸʱѵҲԱһ򻥲ģʲ¶Ҳֻܵǣ뿪Ļ͸˼֡ 

ϸϸǹ뿪ӿ׷ɱ֪ܿǵ룬ѵ׻ٽصǲ֪ 

һɱ£˾ǵĺҲ޷ѡ 

һɱǽбġһʣڰɱжᵽصõе顰÷жš 

÷ͿýݸΪݡ 

εܲҵһ÷ǾͶ˼ϣʹҪȥҲϣǰԶϼա 

Ҳ֪˵ƫƫ᲻뿪˵Ŀֻţÿ뿪ض鷢ֻʲ᣿ 

ǽסһδε֤߱ڵѲǳǸ޸֮ˣʹٲᣬҲ֪ʲᡣ 

̫λε۾еʹǵıӰʧͥԺ⣬ֻһȻ 

֮ӣÿ춼ǰһûʲ᲻ͬ 

䡢Է䣬뿪ľ磬ΪҲȥǲӰ 

ֻרѧ¶ҲǳţûпһյͻǰʱճĹҲûȱɧţӵǰûйС 

һ죬Ŀһ˿ƣϵõʱգǿȣҲ䣬뿪Ҳࡣ 

ոϴͣҪȥžͱײˣһ㶣վ˾Ȼò 

ȥ볾СʱһЩݵֻʣ°ƴԭʹ۾Եô˼֣˱ǰҪ㣬۾ 

Щһ뿪ѾˣټԼ࣬վǲ벻Ѿʲᶼû˰ɡ 

࣬ȴֻװϲ޵ӣˣþûʵ㰡 

һס֣ɻ󣬿ȥȥը 

һߣһ˵࣬һ˴ˣú񣬻ڿ˵Ҫ뿪ǡӰǶΧֻҲҪҪȥˣȥ 

һϺƵֻгӢˣѵ 

֪ĵܵܣǴͽѣӱضͲס 

Сֵһҳɽʿĸͽ޲֡Ҳ֪ˡ죬ððʧʧĴѣֻҲ޻ء 



ԽԽ;ýµ·Ҳܲͷϸϸĺ϶ͷٿѾЩˡ 

յѴ棬мٵıкϴΧӢĽ֮ϣԷЩӳӢûʱûʲΣգҪΰȳûһٵҲֻһһˡ 

ϾҪˣǰȻӰһһӰƿ˴š 

һȴȻվſڡ 

ޱ飬۾ȴй©Ľ˿Էһ㶣ӹһ˿˵ʵֶд򶷵˹ȥ 

ӢΧĸм䣬ѷֱ࣬òϵûжı仯ʹΧƣϻǱһƬ 

ȻУѡƣʮеоڷأһѽĵˮ©һʱ䣬ΧǡӰҲ޷κ 

ֻӢʼ޷ȥƱػãȻǸܡ 

ȴұ¶ϻǲɫȴᣬϸһֽ߬һȭͷҲЩʱˣ鷿ǸЩȻ 

ض˺ӢֻǴóȻֹһղ˵ĻǳӢ 

ٿеıԣӢȻϱ鲻¶ǶͷѼˮٶҲ֧פʱ䣬Ŀϣа취ֹȴһֱ 

һֱûʹһЩңټһ棬û뵽иǿɬĿûаһֱǸˡ 

вʣ춻׳ӣߵǰ˵ˡ 

һպñӢҲ֪Լȥܴ߳࣬ԼᱻΪֻ֮б˵μˣ֪ˡ 

׿ػĿţ书Ӱ͹ܻܿһȱڣͻϮһ˿ϣסǹİΣҲֹͣԼԴ߳ࡣ 

ӢԾͻáѣʦ֮װһðյ¶С֪˶٣һ뵽ܵĽϲ쳣˿͹Ӱǡ 

ȻӰǱȻ͹ŪţҲ֪Ӣ«ʲҩ汻忪һȱڣ˻δָǰ 

ΧӢһЩţѾͳ˰ӰǵҲ׷ӢıӰȥˣսһס֣ 

ǵİӰǵѾղˣȴڴʱӢĽѵü䣬һϺȣĽü䲻һĵطסҲһͣǰһСᣡ 

ȴӢӳװİһĴڳӢᱳϣӰǵҲӢһѪ˳ϻǻźһãȻ绳벻㣡 

һȥӢµڻУ˫ԭ鶯˫ˣȻ𶥵ıУǺӰǲ֪վһߣͼ͵ؽеĳӢȥ˫ƽסģҪסӢһϢ 



Ҳ֪˶ãѾһƬżƣӢڻԸС޵Сתͷһɡ 

ĬĬĵ˵ͷٴλص˵һĵط 

һֱ̫ʱ򣬡޵СֲŴӳӢƿѿʼδˣʱתſΪ㣬ۿȥһʿӣֵӣƺʮΣһ͵ʵ 

΢΢̾һҿղŻסһϢȻѾˣҲ֪ҽλӣ֪⹫˾綾İжѾȣƫƫж£ȻһƣƺȫûȥֿʵʵϣֽĶԴ߾˾֮ģǻסͬʱֽɢ˿ȥЩ綾һ𣬽ٵĶԣͿܺǸ٣룬ûа취ٸ˰ɡ 

һ򣬵ʱ龰ҲۼȻ֪ӢƲ壬׻һһ֮룬Σй֮ỹǲҽΣʵ˵ĶǳӢΪһֱչˣѪֵܣܲʹء 

ٿ˼֣һ˫Ϸ·˯˵ĳӢֿ˵취ҪʲҩеĳģҶа취Ū 

Ҳ̾ҩվҽޣɣ˵λӣҪסڵһԪҲѡʱ䣬ٺú̽һ£ֲԻض˿λӵġ 

˵꣬˳ӢļѨֵλӱڼ֮أסԲɢҵ˼ 

΢һͷ˼Ҷˣˣذɡ 

ߵǰӢ˫ۺͲ԰׵ͷһʵڷ飬ҸѾֱˣȴеϣٴγӰ 

ƵףոֻȥסӢ֪˽ȴеŭˣӦһģһġǣȻУĵҪˣ 

޵ıľȻЩʹ취ǶڣԼ 

һֹϵԽһ˵ʶȫĨȥڰ˯״̬¸һµʶֻи֪ԭİťʲᣬ˿ܺȻĳ˻ĳͻָԭʶˡ 

ߵһֽΣá޵СʩǰԼ˵ΪִᣬȻµһҵĵˣǱҪҳһܽλõļ̳ˣӢ֪ʱ뽫ɵڶӢ 





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Ҷ˷ӢȻǽ⿪ĹؼһһĻĻĸڳԺУԭ˺ܶ࣬Ǹİˡ 

ۼɫ԰ףѨƣһʹʧȥʱ䣬һ˺ܶ࣬ûܸ׷ʲᣬʧѣûһۼǻ˶ѪõϢӿ׷ɱҵģƺʲᶫˣԸܵǵ飬ˣǵڱһǣƣѹֳһμǾ͸оУԸȥѰҲ֪Ĺȥ 

һǾ˺ܶĥѣվǴ˳֪ܻУûзͳİ뵽۽Щʪ漴ȥ 

Ȼ֪ΪʲὫɳӢԼĿڣȻ˼ϱ鲻䣬ӦʲˣԲģһ䣬Ҫܷǡ 

ʣȻһ㶣ǰҪʵûֻһ˵һˣΪҵȥĻ䣬ֻǷŭȵ֪λشˡ 

ֵڣðһǵһоͲ㣬ҶЩҲȲҪֺɣ 

İͷȴǿ࣬ҶԲ㣬ҲڣҲ˲ģ 

൭ЦӺܾǰҾ֪ˣֻϧûи߹ǣҲòҺںǣҪᴦǣҪʲᣬֱԣ֮ҲûʲᶵȦӵıҪˡ 

ǰĳ࣬Ȼ޷ͼǸɬصˣ˺ֱܶ࣬仯ǺãֻǲãֱֻԲĳԼںǣѹ˸ķŭ 

бϢ·͸ڲһƬȴҧ´ϳκ࿴Щվǿ˵ǵ˵ɡ 

˵굱˳ȥûпڣҲ겻ǿԾҪɱǺͳȴ޷˵ڡ 

ǶԳ޿κΣβ˵ʱҪǵҪӢֱִҪµһҵͷ춳ңҪˣĵĲﶼṩģ 

ЩԾһɫ֣أ֪Բ飬Ϊ׾ͷŹǣѵԣΪִ᣿Ϊͷȫٷֲһܼȥµһҡ 

Ȼ벻͸ǵסˣҲϸϸǵòӡǣһǵľҪᣬĵ뿪ûǸ˰ˣȥĺǣٵÿ֣ 



Ը޵С 

಻ڿЩĺȻһƺЩʲᣬƫƫ޷еĵʲᡣ 

ͼ޵С첽˽ 

鷳㽫ϵȥٽĳɳӢӡ 

һŮ˵״ӼʯǸȴȻ޻ڵŮ˻᲻˵ʦã 

˶˳ȥֻ¡Сͳࡣ 

˵һ䣺иʯ֡ʯסĻǵ겻Сʦãȴ֪ʦֻڲڣ 

ɫһߣֱҲЩڵϣԭûбϳһ˿ʹı飬վû˵ 

ӢӹõĲ裬۾ɡСԼ϶ 

ʧȥ־ǰһ̾Ϣ޾Ļںޡ 

ٴſ۾ʱ򣬷ﾲĵģûһˣվӣȻֱ˳ӢӣѾ֪ԼǳᣬٿȻİ洫Ŀ 

ջ˼е 

ſˣվ棬ֻƿȴû 

£ը 

һֱͷ̧ͷ࣬ǲǺܺң 

൭Цͬкκ޲޿ԣǱ㲻ѡ 

ϵɫ˼飬֪Բ㣬Ҳ޷ֲҲڣңҾȡֻҽһ㣬ԹЩɡ˵꣬ȻһѵԼؿڡ 

󾪣æץϵıӶȥŽײᣬ٣ǽϻһ˿ڡ 

಻˿ڴ̧ͣͷ˵öԲңͺúûܱҵһ죬ˣԶбҵĻᣬǲԲң 

۾¶ް࣬ۿתȦ࣬ãһֱû䣬Ҳֵңȴ㡣 

һᣬļ򣬡Ҳ㣬ġ 

һͷˣ㡭úñأ˶Բ飬Ǳӽѹ䲻֪δΣúȥܻصƿӣҡҲٷģҷģֻһһ죬ܻҵᱨģ 

˵꣬תͷ첽뿪ˡ 

֪£Ĳ¼֡ڹһˣֲ֪ǵںδҲֻķԸµһȥݳӢߣһһˡ 

һ·ߣѻš 

ѹּЩϺ͸׶̬Զֽ䱸ѹµһҵŮˣĸ׵ǸˣԼҲǶδϸ룬ֻǸСѾҲɹġ 

뵽ü䣬ⰲŷ˶ٵС޵СݸڣΪηҪļĨȥѵ˵ֳǰ飿 

иͷһƫƫϸ޷ץסۿµһѵֻ÷Щҵ뷨ӦиӵĹϵ 

һæ˼գŽ뿪鴦ͣȥ˺δѾԸ˸ʣֻƽʱԳ˼ֵľ衣 

æ꣬ʱúն˵˼֪һҪ¶ƫƫ޷𵽵ʲᡣ 

ͷʹԷ²ȥ룬ɫãǺɻļڣ˳ȥڳ£ҹѵõľס 

һˮĺһճӢʱ˵ĻĸԺУ绳벻㣡ֻ˱ˣϾȥӺδ֣ߣȻٵʱһ书ˣ̧˵ҽ绳סˣעҵġ 

ԭյԼ˵ʲ᣿ˣԼ˵ֽгӢԭʼҪҵľȻǳ࣡˿һЦ֪ʼҪϧģָ 

Цȴɬ֣ߵ׸ù˭ 

Ȼ֪ʼҪʵԼǳಢ룬ϾӵǳӢʹǳٳⳡԵ֣ҲΪССԭ򣬾Ըųɡ 

ǣƵĻңӦûܵʲĥ 

һ鷿УѾ˶գҲ뵽˳ȳǣɴȥҪұ书ţתһ˼· 

һסߣһ󷨵Ĺ顣 

ֹ򣬻аٺһþȫŽ󷨵Ĺѹȥ书˵ĺᵽһкܳǰΪ˾Լİˣϧ⹦һ˾Ĵרħͷֻἰ߻ħİҲѳˣû˵ΪҪ⹦Ȱˡ 

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ӱдһţȥѣѰĿϣȴʱ̡ 

̫ɽ紵һҵȣڵǣƺȻҵĻ׳ʲ¶ 

͵У͸öǳˣǵʲԭóڵǣƻ 

һ´Ӵڴʲˣ 

ƿˣǾȻӴ 

ûʲĥ·ѪմʱµģϴһƣӢӳˣ㲻Ϊ࣬ˡ 

㡭ӳģ 

ǲٿ۾ֻ࣬ߣȻˡﵲһ˦׷ȥ㡣 

˦ǵ֣¶Ϊһɵż򵥵ͿӦһ𣿸ң׷ʲ¶ 

ǿ϶Ǽ㣬֪˵ǲ뿪ģֻ̾һ˵࣬ѪѨķǿԳ忪ѨֹȻԽѨϢֿ֪ʲʱͻᷢҲ꣬ߣһֵһ׷һֱ뿪Ҳֻһˡ 

࿴ˣҪΪʲҪ˺ãΪʲҪϵΪǻں䣬ȴ޷˵ 

ΣӦһ䣬Ҳߡ 

һƽʱǲ̫˵ˣʱ޷˵ȰĻ㡭㡭͵ɵĿ˳뿪æֻҲˣҲˣԵ 

ཫͷǵĻһ˰ң޺һ뿪뵽Źǵķ⼸죬ǾͿԿֵһˣֻа꣬Ҳƽÿһ죬㿪𣿡 

֪Ѷֻܳ̾һãǶֿˡ 

۾Լǻůֻٿһ죬ҲڻһΡ 

ʱ֣ҵ׷ˣͲ֪û 

ǿгƻ÷ǻãϧĸȥ̫Ŀ࣬ǵȲһ˿ҸΪԼԱȴһһε˺̫ԭݲꡣ 

űײˣ˾Ϳһ棬۾ЦǵĻУһĿûƬ뿪֮ˡ 

ʹײеˣҲֳܵǵĲ࣬һ򾲣ûԸ֮Ũ⣬˵ͺһȴÿһ·˽ 

ǣôĵӣ 

ŴǵĻ˿յҵˣ 

˵ͷ˵˵Ȼˣҵ䣬ҾȳӢҺ뿪÷˰ɣǶ˶ˣȻģǵ书ֻἸ죬ͱ˴һûʧʲᣬÿ˰ɣ 

֪ԼʹĴӦѪѨķ˶ǿ϶ģҪӢĶԼУȻҲûжû˶κвԼЩ겻ѰҾγӢķǵһ𣿿ǴӦĻ޷˵һڴӣ˵ķ꣬춻ǵ˵ͷ 

ãҴӦ㣬ֻҪȺóӢҾ뿪׷ɱǡ 

֪˵뿪ķ 

ЩΪ˾ȻسӢпƵҽҩ޷óӢѹൽҪʲ᷽ȻسӢ 

һĵĿԼ͵͵һǵ֣ߵ˵ңӢҵĸ磬һὫȻġ 

һٴλصѣཫ֮ȫϳߣ˵Ҫ󷨽ڵĶһСʥҩԣڵѪĹڣڵѪͬʱĶԾͻᵭȥܶ࣬ʱҽˣͬʱҽʼĶٵӢӦþͻˡ 

ַеļգһҪĸԸԼԼѪҺӢڵĶѪѪҺеӵ඾ĹЧҪ󷨵ĹᶾԣҪѪףʹѪҲ֣ĻҪ书ʤԱ߻ħЩȱһɣԵɺϣȻȫˡ 

ཫԼƸƣֽӢҲƶһ𣬶ȻһЦʼɡ 

һ죬ͳӢûƬ̷ֿѾˣڶѻԽԽĶԣ˼ǿ֮ĩϰ׵ĺһֽһҡҡ׹ӣɵĸײȫΪ³ʱ̹һỤס˳֧Ӣһ㶾˹ոս۾ͽһ浹ߵĵϡ 





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֮ǰתĳӢͺ뿪 

绳һ鷿УЩãȻγ뿪ǶǴȻӦ뿪˶֪̫ѵܣߣʵ޷ġ 

绳еˣ 

ӦͼӢһ˪˽ 

绳΢΢Ծʵ廹ûãͳˣ 

Ӣҡҡͷû£ֻһ䣬ܲķŹҵܵܺǣûжʱպûˣ 

绳Ӣƽһʵǲ죬ĶթҲֱ֪ӵԾ 

֪̫࣬䲻ǣǻҪ˸ǣֱ뿪 

ӢȻҪ绳ҲԼľͼӢһʹͲǹ徻ӣ绳֪һμģҪõˣңǳ࣡ 

˵ʲ᣿绳һ 

ӢȻһЦҴߣ˵ʱ㣬һǵһʱֵԭ㽫Ҵϳ绳㰮ĵһࣿ 

绳˻ζȫǰװ˭ 

Ǿ֢Σֺγһɣ 

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