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ǵһջջһ˳ﲻСȲ·̣ĸ۵˲Сײϣ򷭲С˿ɲˣջ ĸǳ֮ң˹ͣ㿳СͷⲻˣСΪ˱ͷرСġ
ջɢأһȺӸ̸ۣĵˣҪ˽ǲļɡ
Ӹĵ˷緢֮ʱջС׳ӣһţΣһ֪ǣҹеɾһλĳнǣһ֪ЦСһĹҼſ»ŵʹȥĻע⵽ һ˫ǳĺ˼һҲ޷
ϲһ˿Ц⣬ϸƼǾ΢üʲôλȻͬΰӡ
ջﲻٹҽĶ͵˹ĵӣǵķжá
ֽ֪Ƿ񰲺ãǹү۸һֻع˹ĵ˫۷죬޲ʹһ٣ܴĽĿȻ
ҲֲֹҪǾȻرȻĽݳਿ˵Ѷ췢ķȡͷɡ
ĽݳڽС֮ƣ佣˿֮⣬ڳ͢ܡ̰ҹСǲܣЩϽԲ
еıţΪĽݳǽϡϲ뽹ʮҪ 
֮俨˸Ů˩ﱡﱡĽݳʦãȴգǸ͵Ĵҹ㣬¹⣬òܽأֻһһɷʵŮ ˼ĪɱģĽݳ嶼ĽݳİԣڱʹﱡΪԴչȫǸǰԣⲻ֪Ľݳĸ鼫Ϊ̹׶ˣһлﱡʾ⣬ǵﱡｿϲͷ
Ľݳʦ˩ǰһֽرͼﱡ˵õرͼ˿Եõ£ﱡвرͼϢǶҰĲ ӵȴʱȵĽݳЯֳŷǡǲٱӭȢﱡΪ檣ǿдĽݳ֪Ϣﱡѽͣϵ
Ϊ˱ϳǽһƽյĴţƽմ ѽò˿Ӳá
ţͷͬĽݳĻ׻˵縸ĽݳﱡֳĽݳףû뵽ͻ֦ڣ޷Ը
˼Ľݳγ֪ɬĺŲˮǻİ⣬ҪóİŮˣֱ絶ڰʦÿֵһ ûǸľͷˣİ޷˵İĽ̹ףе ְʦĻУԹ˭
˵ҵŮ˼ɫȢǰĸһҹӹŵıߴӱ˵ʱ޲ܱ˹飬 ʱ裬Ҿܾס
˵ǣٷסھǵ˭֪񣬾˵׵ѲȶҵżһҹӿڸͣҲףͬҰܡ̸۵Ļձջ˵ע⣬ÿĪֱ ֻĽݳ⡣
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˵ЩʱҪ檰ӵ֪Ϣ
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пܡһЦƽȺñǱȽļҵĹòԴʱ䡣
ǵЦܲζ߹󴿽ﱡ̸ЦΪ˴룬ǵ࣬ڳǵۡ
壬ĽݳԵóȶˣһһѸҹӸڨЦһֻġ
꣡꣡˵ˣѩˡһĿ˵ţʹԭַǷĿջǰžÿΣҴһ¡
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˵ѩżҶ׼ջʱͷһ̧ӨĴɶһ˫ǳĺüš˺һۣôʳĸѰŴۿӣһ򣬲õ¥ȥǺηʥ
Ľݳû۵׵ʢŭһ׳軵˵ŮһĨЦ
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СΪѵĿѩһۣΪ˱סСòӣӲͷƤĽݳǸȻλģǶԲסŵĴ֣֪ΣݲŲ 
ˣ˽⡣Ľݳµվλøѩ
СЦԿлģߣôĿ˰ٲ϶Եѩ񣬶Ϊˡ
Ľݳѩʱһۣ̬·۵СӰѩݵ˵Ĳݣŭ⣺վס˵뿪𣿡
Ľݳûŭ⣬ɣǵѩˣƤһĽݳıȥǳ˿޵ﲻɡ
ջĿͻľٶȫһС˫۲ҿҪ
飡һûԤڵĲҽ͵͵ſۿһɲˣѩƤޱһ궤ǽϣѩͻڵϺòǱ
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񣡡ѩѾɸϽڵϵĸΪȥϵĳ
ҶƽѩƵѹգ˸ɴɱ ˽׺ݵŴԤϵÿ⣬ǵĵĽݳ½ һҶһƤޱǽϡ
ջͷĿ˾񾲿һĻ˵Ĺÿ̾˵ѩצùıǡǽϵļҶǲǼֱǰŪˣÿ˻ð亹еŵʪӣƽŵѲ
һȺţǰ׳׷𣿡ѩըˣ̫С󺺣ҲڿؼҶǵ͡ūţ޷޵
ҶԣĴͷҿ
ʲôʲôĹĽݳ
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ϣȵļҶֺõĴյѩǰϹūΪȡƤޡ
ѩعЦļҶ漴ܵ裬һƴϹȵļҶˣȺǽϳкã ۸ܻȥҷҪ꿳ǵֲɡ
Ҷһ˫һȫ飬ĺúݣû˫֣ǻŸƽˣ汻˫֣ձһ Ѱ
ߣѩһҶǵ飬ȥҶǼ״βںܴͷ
ջ˼һȺȥ³еĴЩҶ⣬ÿǱסСȷצ뿪󣬲ſʼλ 书ǿˣǵĳ־úأúõѩ񣬴 İŽгΡ
ѩܻĻص ͷܹҰ˵صﾹŰҪ檣ʵۣ˳һ߿鷿ķţͷ̸Ȼһ
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ңָԸıӾɣ㲻ҪɶŪ㣬ǰ㣿
겻ãأѶںδѩţʮֻôӣδŹ檵ͷ ôͻȻ檣ʵ벻ͨ
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ҲҪֻжһˣҲΪŮ˲Ʋȥ
ǵȻģĺãҲû⣬ϸ룬飬Ĺܵö㣿ΪŹ֣°𣿡̸ е˶ԼֻҪ΢üıݺݵ֮ʹţΪ˵ֻһЦϧѩòӣѩһ使޵Ļ䣬̣ʱʹ ˡ
꣬òûСգɸɣѩòɵ
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ΪŮӰ죬ôѩ岻Ľݳǵעķʽȳﱡ ֪ĽݳѩϣҪ˲עҲѡ
Ƣ̫㣬Ҫ˸ѵ᲻һȥѵĿ޹İաѩĵ׶Ĳмڸǧݵĸԣѩǧй֮޲
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֪ǳű֮⣬ѩûǸͷԡ
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˵ǣҶĹ۲죬ү治ǸŮͬĿ ĺ⿴ڵǲˣʱգضΪ ˼ܼ򵥣Ҫʱһͬѩ츣ա
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ĽݳԵĳııɱʮĶˣ֮ մѪү빷Ѫ
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ϢǱ˿̵ҳһţԵļĽݳӷͷѰҵĹУǾŲͻ
ĽݳʩչṦƫƧ᷿ʱмС᷿ǰվӦǳȷҵﱡˣѸײڶٶƷ űȥȥǼ䣬޷ŻѪı￴ ܺ˺õŮӣΪ˵ıڲѡ
ʰƤ޵ѩһ˴룬붼û룬У˰ д̿ͣ˰
ĺĽݳʹԹ޵˫ڼеƤʱɱ⡣þģ˱𽣣ҪһŮ˵ĺ 
̿ͣд̿ͣѩеԹˣֹסӲϵ ˫Ƽ
ͷѲҹĺȫ᷿
᣿˸ۡȡĹΪ֣ ȻĶ˵ö֮
ĽݣϹԭֻͷĲӬĴҴܣѩĽ۽ӴϵŮʱָϿ챧ԡѪıǱ΢ĺţ嶯ݵӵ뻳ۣ
ǸϵΧסС᷿Ľݳٵѩ񣬰ѽĲϵʣѩĲͷѪڣѩ۵õԭֹͣ屧ηԴ
øͷصĻóһ·Ľݳɱĺ⣬Զóһ·Ǿȳ뱣סС屧űǰͷĽݳǼѩǾصð亹Ÿ񱻴ߡ
죬һѩתÿ쩤ˡǿջӣˣһ˫ǳĺǣԭС ˽ͨø֪߳ܵŮˣͬ˽ͨĪְʩ̡
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˦׷ѩĽݳ ʱУĽݳ³İƵڵϣѩڵʱƤϸµײ˼ӲأƲͷСֲĸѪľӣʹšüۿˮΪ˱иǿ顣
ΪѨֹѪĽݳĵĿűҰ׵С
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ҵģҪ뿪ңһ᣿ֻعģҺҪܵĴڰ˵ˮεѪɫϣǲɫ 
壬Ұˮˣ㣿ϴ˿ڰɡһĻĽݳǸ÷ֵʱˣˮݸ壬ӵıȥֻܸδķַġ
ܶѩŮˡŮ˰ˣѩ룬°еı̵ĸܵҪİŮʱһʹļףѩĴԭУϲľãò벻͸ˣβŮ֣ų
ĽݳյѩĿ⣬ݺݵĻصһۣһһֵ˵籡 ̣һҪ㳥еĳʾԿš
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ĽݳѹŭӷĽݣȶ ˴Ǿ֮أȺūƱػ̸۵Ŀ⣬˵ʹ޵צҧгݣ޲ðһСʬΡ
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ĽݳͷǣĿѩϣѩȫëȵȣղ˵ʲôҪ뿪ôɣ뿪ǡ
ѾȵˣҶ˵üֵңǿӵø죬׸˵Ƿˡ
ĻĽݳһãҴߣУΪ˱㡣Ŀѩ·ڳЦʧߡ
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ѩٷһǿѹͷ̿ҸļϣָմЩ̿ͿĨϣױɺٲȻȫĴ帾 
Ľݳ̵ĺţ©֮㣬Լ֣մ̿Ҵ³ͿĨѩĶϡ
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ѩסˣİ˾Ȼ٣ý⡣
Ȼͬе⣬ĽݳȻϱԼΪŮ١
ѩװ磬ĽݳģŴ΢ֲ֡µçͬѩվһǷޡǣѩСţ֮ǣ߷ǹذѡ
ѩ˫ĶŹٱƣ˻ϳѩڴûУ һҲûС·ƶԸһۣЫ֪װ˶Զ֮ģѲľǣ
Ľݳ裬ʾֵ㡣ѩװ˳ӵСӣףҺϴƣ˵ٱݣ͵͵˼ȦձǶ˵ڣţѩĴĵųЦ̣Һûײᱻһųں¶ЦŻ
ȹٱҪǵ֤ͨҲѩжʱһ̽׼óƣĽݳͻʩѹʹǯƣ޷ 
ٱˣӣдŲмŰѵһĳ󸾡
ǵġСĻشүĻаǸӣүĽݳ ϹģоСʱѹѩӡ
ѩյõһۣƽȺСĪ¹ƾʲôҪ˾Ϲ
ͦġٱ⵽еŭ⣬пʱ˶̽صظĽݳ顣
ǣǣү˵ǡĽݳЦ
߰ɣСٱϲӭУԸƽΰ󣬱ķС
ллүĽݳѩҪ뿪ѩĽ˸ԸĽݳ뿪 Ľݳɫʹѩ
ǿдߵѩĿųţһ˫æ̽½óƣ˻ע⵽Ҳ˵
óһ֡Ľݳ޷޵³仰ȻûѩĶӲķۡ
ѩƢϻƾʲôҪĽݳ˦ĽݳǯƣתҪܻسڡ
ûĽݳץסӣƽѩ̿ƵСһûӵġ˵ɻóһסѩС֣;ѩһֱ סȭߣҲԸֻԴĽݳ вĽݳһɵİ˫֡
ԼѡģԹ˱ˡץסѩ°ˡ
ѩѪڣ̧Ŀ£׼ʩһĽݳ΢΢ܣ˳ѩʧȥصĵڻϡ
ίڻϣѸٱӲĻգҹĥƵٴܵײԸܵȵѪԭȲɾմһȴܵİڻУ̧ͷĽݳЦףܹˣ
Ľݳܴ첻󣬲ںڵСϴմ˻ֱǷӣͬѩĴ޹Ļ·ˡ
ѩ°ͣԼᣬ˦˦ɢķ˿һû޵ģ
߰ɡĽݳһײЦݣøǿĸǰͷŻǻ߰
ںͷѩҪڽĽݳտڣ˵϶䲻ֲɣ Ψҧ´֧Ľݳѱģ·ϣǴҡڰֻԴ



ǰͷĽݳһθܵͷ˵ڵأ̾ϵˣվãĿǷҪϢ˼
ѩǴ˵㣬ҪѩͷǼ̫ܵ£ѩˣƢǿסȫʹŵ״ʹһٵĸԼŵȥ־ Զ߲·̡
ĽݳεĿǿķӦķɢˮĶʣγɲͬɫаסкڡлƣòɣǱȫһǴľǿɾģŮĽݳڸ͡
һԿߵģĽݳһԲع·ǼٶȣĽðվͿϽմ߲ʮȴ̱ Ǹ鷳
飡ͷֵˣĽݳɥŭˣǸƽղ·Ҫ˵Ϣڰ·ϣϵѩ СϪϢһ³Ե㶫Ϊѩ⿪˸ͷѩûнӹԸ
ҿˣҲµģڵؽأʬҰ
ѩԵĽӹӲͷһһյߵϪߵĴʯͷ£ӲǱĽݳ˫ѵתţ˫ֱÿʧȥ֪ɰ֮ʣѪҺ ͷһߣ˫ȴߵ䣿ľϪˮݽţͷ Ҿµ廨ЬѱĥƣС΢΢廨ЬһССĶ ۵죬廨Ь󣬷ѩ׵ĲȾŰ߰ߵѪ
ŵûһû£Ҫ˿𣿴˸¼ª˿ڣȥɣ
Сɵôѳľ˫ȣЩϪˮϴźʪӣ˳ϴ˾С֣ˮϾӵһ ǣʹʹͷҲһˣСŲѪ˿ڣȫµ˿ڼʮĶöࡣˣԸ룬ֻԼ΢ʪŷ˿
紵ѩϸµķ˿覵ӣϪˮ٣̺ͷĽݳˣͷһѩԭòŮӣϧһòɷȵĳĺīСĻĵ
˦˦ͷ˳˦˵ٻӰΪòԻԾĵˣʲôûı䡣
ѩһԵͷ˺һСŽ׽ɬĺоθ޷ͷͷںۣһµϪУ¹⵨֭ȫ ĵڴʯϣܣԼˡ
Ľݳע⵽쳣ΪԣޱĿҰ׵ݣ δöӣѹԲ·³ٲҲǰ취Ľݳͷݵѩ¡
ѩİڰھӣĿ˿ĽݳǰҡΣľ˿ڡ
ѩıȱĽݳĽԸĲһҪĽݳ ܣˡ
ɵӲ𣿾˲ϧĽݳŭץסϸļͷҡţãѩϧΪ񣬣ѩѨ˵Ҫھ˵
ҡѩ˼£ѵ˵ץҶûɶôȰɱң㣬㱻Ұץ
ߣģĽݳüɵĿӡеѩƲʿ
ģŲ㡣ĺۣ˫
ĻĽݳ޴ɷ۽鵽СͷգѪ߰ߣĪܵˣΪβ˵
Ľݳ˼ĶŽԵĳܣԼǸħͷ𣿲
˼ִѩСţϥϣΪȥײ
ʹʹѩ˫ۣʲôסС 
ˡעȫȻСϣѪյĲ ĳһ˿ڣüһ
ҲҪ֣Ҳˡ˿ڣѩµıۣ 
𶯣ˣȻˡˣѵ뵱ȳ𣿡Ľݳݺݵĵͺš
ǾˣҲںѩĴƵʹ֪ˣ˻ƣ̫ɶˣ
Ľݳһȭӹȥǲӣúõ˵ҪͲҪ﾿װЩʲôһŭ֮£Ķᣬٵ°ײѩļ֮
ſң߿߿ѩļſû´Ľݳ
ĽݳץסߵС˿ڣѩֲҽһ
ˣˣãȻҰӽϪСĵΪѩˣļץҧ
Ӱû㡣ѩգգۿе飬ʾĴС
Ľݳ챻Ʒˣ֣ȲģαصǷ˿ڶ 
ñ񰲾ѩſڴʯϡ
ĽݳԼСţϪˮϴ˿ڡ
Ϫˮ̼˿ںѩתʹʹͣȣĽݳεץסûѣҪ㲻Ҫûѩ޶ԣһ֮£һˮ
ĽݳץסȲû˿ڣŭһۣѨҶ
ĽݵģϽ⿪ҵѨÿֻֽϻš
ѨĽݳĹɶˣϸʡѩĽţͷֻɳӣСʯӣɳӿϪˮϴСʯӿû򵥣ѩһ ۡ
ѩȫȩ̈ͷҸ߰ͦŭ⣺ʲôڳӡ
Ľݳһ䣺Ҫȡ˿еСʯӡͷ۾óŵ׵Сʯӡ
СʯӵĶѩҰף֫䣬ҧ´û˼ˡ
ĽݳⲻŪȡСʯӣŪķȡæͷ󺹡ҪԼγϵļʸҲף̧ͷ ѩҧԼ´ʺѪԲԾ
ľٶĽݳҪսپʱֹͣһٵóСʯӣ ѩʵ󹦸ɣĽݳȥϵĺˮϸϴѩŵ˿
óеĽҩϣ˺ϵĲѩϵ˿ڣ估һ·ѩײײϥٲ˻˿ڣԶ ҩ
֪֪ʲôѩʣԹŮӵļʾˣĽݳһ١ٶĿļ
ҩĴ
ĽݳԸҵ๫𣿡ķĽݳַ 
˵ûи㡣Ľݳĳ ʼ硣
ҲŲǰѩ񡣡ľĻǸ׵İ
ӣ˵ʵøлλȡˣ֪ĸԣȡг Ҳ˼ҲҪǸˣ֡
ʣһҷǿ㲻ɡѩԼжȻʹһٲɡ
ĽݳҡͷЦŽҩ۽ѩ˫΢ʣʲôòҪƿɡ
ҩЦеľ⣬ģѩϵ˿ҩ˼Ŀ˿ڣƱػ˰̣ˣǸһС棬ʱǣ
Ϊ˿ҩ󣬿ͷǳԲˣĽݳ뱳һҪС
ʲôһԼߣУҵ廨Ьֱ 
㵹ҡĽݳʰĥƵ廨ЬϪӣºۣš
㣡㣡ôĵӣҰѱ廨ЬӽϪȥ ѩ۽УûЬҪߣ
Ľ˺תһһ˫㣬İɡϰĶԶ߰ԴǲšĲӡ
ܣҾҪһ˫ȥѩڲѱӿʼ
ӣóұȽϲ㵱ư͡˵꣬ĽݳѩѨˣֻѻɽС
ѩըˣȴֶ޿κΣϳϣΪĽݳıģſͷůůշţһ·ౣ˯һѣᷢԼ˯УгȺ˿ʹ һС·ĽݳߴЦ⣬˯ˡ
ѩŽִƤ޺ò磬ӶСǼĪǰͽᣬص߹¥󣬴ʻŽһòˣǶ
ѩẒ̌첽ͶůĻУǳ谮ĸ㷢Բ⣬кö໰߶˵˸جΣб˴ߣǶ˷ǵ Ǹ񣬻ʩŰ覵ļ˺ۣһвܹίȫجһ⡣
촽ʱһҡʹԶ쳤ξȴͽ޹ͻߣ£·صͯʱĸ׿ߡ
ˡѩϵĽݳǰΨ˯Żֳ
ѩţһžӨ۽¡
ĽݳᣬҡҪʵ
ѩҡѣ͵ԲۣǲԼںδããȻĵǰ
԰ɡı֮ģĽݳ³İһУԶžͬ
ҡѩ㶵գգۿüأ˽⵽Σı˴ߣٻصůĻˡ
԰ɣٲĽݳߣʼı
ĮȻ̬ȸѩҵͷĵգŽëϵ飬ľ׳࣬룬۵Ĳ࣬ǰɵһһ ǰιȴΪͣͷٶȷᣬףһһǿ¶ǡ
ò׽һԵüףڵĳĬҪﱡĿѴﵽҪˣҪ鱦ĻҿԸǣҪвҰꡣ
УĽݳԶڵ֮С
˭˵Ҫ鱦ţĽݳͣýĶüʣм鱦
Ұ궼ˣǡǡ˼ΰѡ˽ͨ˵ڡ
Σ֧֧Ľݳע⡣
˽ͨѩͷ³ۡ
˵ʲôĽݳеĽۼǰץסɷʡ
׶񼫵ıǵûŻѩű۵֣£е˽ͨû֪Ҫ˲֪ǼĪαضףԾǸı䲻ʵֱ׳
žĽݳָһƣңסҲ象һֶɣ
ѩſڱϣ޺޵̧ͷôǱ˵ˣôԶģİɣϹӣ翴ĽݳԶﱡ
Σøұսһ㡣ĽݳвĵΣǷᡣ
ӣһ͵ҼҲƱС檲˵۸ңôҵҰ𣿡вӼŭѩĳƢ
㰢Ϊ˵õϵĲرͼ˱Ըǿ븮ô㲻֪㰢뵱ʵۺܾһб ѹƽգձץǸ㳢Сѵ̹˵㰢ٶԱ׷ᣬǻɱ㣬ҿûһ£ȵ˳ϼɽܵˡ ĵȺץҪ
˵ѣҰŲˡȫ̷ϵĽݳĻ뵱ʵۣǲܵģѹͲŰͼı
ţãŵɴۿɣһ죬ǰ¶ĺβ͡ɵӣΪҰĲᰲֿ
ǸŮĸ飬Ұ꣬Ƭ֮ʡ־ᶨƣ밢ദʮ߸ͷѵһİ˲˽Ⱒ𣿵Ȼǲܡ
Ѿͷҿ챻˶ԾЦѩ
ɣѩ̫ܵˡ
ĽݳԶݺݵĵĳѾͷ֣ ܵĿԲ࣬米¸еڣӽ ϪŲ˷ԣʡ˵Щ
ѩָ磬Ȼıȥ꣬
ͲﱡﱡﱡȴĺͶϣ Ӧ
ԼıմȾаϢ ĽݳصƥѱѩϲͿĨ̿ҵѩעĿģ֮û˵۾뿪һӣϵĹ˰ɡ
ѩ쿴ϵһ˫ӹ廨Ьհ㣬
ĽݳķǶɶվԭصѩ
ѩ˫ֲԳ˵ĿֻҪĽݳеѧ
ãҪҷұĽݳҧ޷޵粽ѩǰӦĻᣬĻصԸ 
ѩƿһۣײؿڣ˿ſ ϣ˵жжҪĽݳ֮ѣ֫ʹĻţ λȷˡŬã첻ˣȵϣ廨ЬȫڻУ廨Ьϣһֵ¿ʼ鷳˵㣬鵽ǰͷֱıӰ´ҵЬˣҼɡ
Ľݳһ޹ϼֱͣ£๫ǵôŶҪѩעԼݡ
ǾҰû㡣ѩƵüΪƾҲ䣡
ԭ͵͵עǵˣʱĿһһͷһؼӰͲ๫ԼһǸˡ
㣬ңһҵõķʽദǰ Ľݳסĳ嶯ѩʰ廨Ь˳ϣЬ˵㣡 ΢üһ㣬β˵˼̧ͷ
ѩûͷ߰İͷƲһߣĲתͷһţ뵽Ҫʧܣա
ܵĽݳ޴ЬĶȫԾõɴۣδھ˰ɣ֣ôôˣľٶ˷˼
ʲôٿǵ˫ۡѩ⿴ֵȺǹڴͥ㣿֮ʾĽĽݳܡ
ĽݳĻ
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ϷȺΪ˱ס˫ͷһɢ˭ǷҪֹۡ࣬ܺסģ͵͵Ķڽ侲䡣
ŵܣѩЦЦħöˡ
ֹûĽݳץסƽӣ޷޵³Ϣϡ
ûңһ֣ȵǶãȰҰɡӨ˸Ц⣬޺ⲻ֪Ǳɫ·˲
Ϻϵ촽ĽݳעԻڴУĻԵòôҪˣס°ͣĽݳдŷ촽
ѩһ㶣ʲôԴһƬհףЦ֮鲻ȡ֮顣
Ľݳɿջĺ촽ۼѩдŲı飬ʶԼɶ£ŭͷ뿪ǣźͷ뿪 ŵľٶ͡
ѩããȻĽݳǣߣһ޷ڶĽݳ ˼һǶĽݳˡ
ڰ͵ȺŵĵɴۡŴ죬үղǿʲΪ ǶԷ޾̣Ǽͷ͡ţ˸Ҫȥ룬Ҫ˷ſҵĻ棬Ӧı֣ñʺƻ
ǰϼɽ·ϣѩڿջ ϰյԹԣΪ˾Ӷ࣬ûðɣվ 붯ָͷԺ󻹸ҲڱǷǣĽݳܺЦǵѨ޴˱ľԸ͵͵Ĵţѵ˵Ľʵ꺦˰ ܵģһĽݳŵģҪ;а ˵Ĳǣŵģ
ѩŬ˵ԼЩǷǷǣ۾Լ ǸүǼŻˣûϵص˾ǺҪʧ
쵽ϼɽˣ׼ĽݳԵѩЩ;ĥѧצӣƢûĸƣԶڳ̬ Ҫ֪֪˵֪ѩ񣬾ԲŻؾ ǣŭԹ֮졣
׼ţסĶƿžɫʵԸĽݳ
ĽݳԭϼɽĴһȤȥɣܵĥҲã˳ĥȥһĽ
ϼɽڽʮۼʿ֮Ծһ飬ǿб磬üƲߣճѩɽ뻢ڣȥ޻ء
ιѵ㲻ҪﱡµĻҿ԰㡣ѩƵ÷ţֻҸ⡣
¡Ľݳ붼ûĻؾѩ
ôİ˰ϺѣתۼҪ˸ε˵áһ˿ƣﱡ
⣬Ľݳƣи顣
˵û˵Ľݳƣüͺš
ûѩĿĴﵽЦǺǵ˵ǳ׺᲻סһҲ»ŶΪǲ̼¼ҹˣûӦסһĺʦÿ˳Ӧ㰡
˵ǲǣˣñ̫ˡ
˭˵ҹ¼ҹţȢޣĽݳϣ쿪ʼ
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㲻䣡ѩҪȢԼһ·ҽ˽ҵķޣᱻ潼ˡ
ѩĻ˺ģҲҪԻ˺ϡ
üĿһ׼Ľݳһơ
Ľݳס֣ѩһҪٶȱƷסѩ۵գĲڣȴʾӲǳס߰ӣĽݳЦһ ҧѩĴꡣ
ľٶѩŵõһʲôʮᣬǵѩ촽ƿʹۜR
Ľݳе°ȻĴ㣬ˡ족̼ǵһͷǳ㷢ÿն̳ٵġ
ڣĽݳδɿеú׵촽ѩ˫ 嶯ѩΪʲôǡ͵أĽݳѹûں˵õɿ֣
ѩԻĿĽݳ˵ЩʲôһǣΪ飬룬Ľݳܶ飿ǳа˵ԼĽݳɿ֮ʣȴױȵʧ䡣
ĽݳѩϣһԲǰߣʲôħ ǹˣѩϣǸ𣿲ûУ̫ûŮˣŻֲ֡Ϲۣῴѩԣܵġ
ѩͷ͵͵ĴĽݳķӦһûڣѩΪԸǿ֪Լºᷴڣֺα Ҫ
ѩյĨȥºۣĴӴԺ󣬲Ľݳռıˡ



ﳯϼɽϣɽϵ˷·ϵǵڴĽݳΥѾõѣ˫ֱȭʿСڵļͷ
ϼɽǻɶµˣû뵽 ţҲ͵ˡһ׳ĴЦĽݳļͷ
ĽݳһЦ͡
˵ǣɽʱ˻Բѣƺת´ˣƽһܿĵġһ˴ԼĸЦ
ǰľüˣҪ˶ýɰֻ񡣡 һԳĸŮȺ翴ﱡͶϡ Ҫġ
ĽݳеĿɬǿԻЦҪ޸ˣȴҪֻİŮͶֵܵĻɱҪʹࡣ
˺ԵѩĶϿһһģĽݳһŵĿɬĺܰﱡ֪ΣȻĵͷеҲͣĲš
ʦ֣ҵ죬ĽݳģȸԾתͷʦñ
ǰӣ￴Ľݳ鲻Խ̤ǰһ΢ЦԻˣףҲûŮһеĻ𻨣˱ᰮκһŮˡ
ʦ֣һֱûҺõأҺƽ¡
޹ǵСסĽݳֲڵĴ֡
ڱסĽݳĴһɲǣĽݳһ£г㵣ˡ
ѩǵһμﱡϻز㣬ΪʱﱡǻԵģǽյ˫֣⸡ͷԼԻֻ֪Ũվһõıȥ
ĽݡվڱǺֵܵĽݳɿ֡
ҹϲǵʱˡסеʹĽݳ󷽵Ĺϲǡ
ߺǵϲĸڳˣҸ
ллĽݳͷĽݳĻеĴʯĽݳᱡ
˼˫޳Ż£ĹϲϵﱡϲõĽ˵ף˭ҲûĽݳıˡ
ӴѾͷǹүŮ˴Լĸۼע⵽һԲѩƵĿѩ
ϣ˵עԷϵѩнԳ˳ޣΪǲƴеŮ
ԮѩѹеĿ־壬ȥЩûкӡĽʿ
ǵģѩ񡣡ĽݳſˣѩҪ
ѩĴֺһǷҪΣĵЦЦԼĳɵ֣Ľݳ
˵δ̫ˣ˲ҪֱӾʺ͵ˣϷ֮ǳӣͶŻ
ϵĻ˵ĺôЦÿ˽Աͬĸš
󵨵񣡡ѩ붼ûʹţݵƽյڨЦ
˴Լסǰһƴѩ۵ļϣôĿΪ˳ϼɽ㻹ѩڴ˵Ҫ͵͸ҷŸɾ㡣
ѩĵǰȥֻعĽݳӣӵ˵עݡ׵İӡĿѩܵίҪڸļӣѹˣãͬġ
ѩԼжƣ˵ʲôʲͷſҧĽݳֱۣưǻԹйͷ
˾Ķ־ӣصƵڵϡĽݳֱ۱ҧѪһðɣΧסһĽѵ
ס֣Ľݳ˲ϵƣֹ˶ѩȭţѩƢ޷޵ĨȥϵѪ˿ѪĵıһС顣
ʦ֣ﾪĸϵߣ뿴˿ڡ
ǲܾôŹӦöҲѪӲų ˲ľ׷Ҫĥѩ
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ʲô£ѵüƽĽݳ׷ʣΪ۸
Ҹղȥ̽ƣʦû뵽Ǹ͵Ľݼҵ ȥҪԸΪ̫˲ܣԭ һǺˣðںɫ񿴡
ҸģȡġѩȻ˵ĸ߱ˡ
ʲôһ𾪵ĿĽݳŹ˲̣ץסĽݳʣʦ֣ǷԸˣ
˵ɶɵǲܵ¡ĽݳЦ˱С֡
ȻûУһòĲݵģеĿĽݳϣҳʦк
ԼǸģǿԡĽݳľȻĳŻԼĻ
Ӧˣ･ŭʦֵͷò£ŮƽˣǵϼֱС׼ף Σʦ֣ѵ޴һ£뵽ȥʹ࣬Ľݳ
估ﱻ޴һ£ĽݳʹԵĿű Ϊﱨɱʵݲǿͷ
ʦ֣˵ң㲻ϲѩ񣬺𣿡ﲻ֪ԼԷҪ׶ʦ˵Ļɡ
ʦãҵȻĽݳɫĨĨ˵ԸΪţ
ʦúô£Ľݳ֤ʵĪǲɩӵĻ ѩվЦﲻľٶ
ˣʦõֵ
˵˵ŮʦȢģԶᣡĳѩУȻĽݳ˵ʦ֣˵˵ĶԲԣ㲻Ȣġ
ҡųıĽݳʹཻսš
˵ʦ֣ҪŮóѡƿˣҪĽݳ˵
ǰͿ˵ɣʡôʦÿ޵ʪ½󡣡ѩ˵һȷ
Ů߿ﱻѩ̬ŭƿѩ㣡Ҳ㵱ҵɩӣȥĴΰɣ˵꣬ܿ
㣡Ľݳ״һץסѩֺŭ۸Ķ֡
Һʱ۸ţûĺʦÿڿŮҶûƽϣƺˣʦǷ鳤һ꣬ʦ֣˵Ҹ۸𣿲͸ˡд˵
ĽݳûðɣҾ㣬ԺмǹġѩȷûĻȴøűƷʥ˵͡
Ϳ׷ȥҿû㣬αذϣȥοĺʦ 㰲ο԰ֶأѩĽ Ҫ׷ȥ
Ľݳ°ͣˣѻָݣϧһǺڵġ
ңѩЦǺǵ˵ŭ
ðΣĽݳŷſתȥûнǷҪȥοʦá
ѩϵıʱѩָƽݣٿ̣һ˿ʹĽݳıӰû֪ЩʲôԼ֪



ǧٸΧסϼɽҪϼɽϵĽʿԮϲݾͶ
ϼɽϵĽʿһӻϢߵɽͷŵºѹѹıһս޿ɱģÿ˶ĥ׼ˮһս
ɺ޵ĹүɴΧǣѲǲǻһŭ֮£ʹ׹񣿡صɱǿ׺߳ͷѹѹѪڣ ɽȥúɱһ
Ȼ綼ɱ˹͸үĵһ񣬽ɱƬײ̹ү֪ǲǺ۸ġһҰĴ ϵĴ󵶣Ŵͬ󣬾͵ض
һСƼӾ˫ͬ
һԵﱡ͵͵ۿĽݳкηӦֻһưעȫɽµĹٱͷ
ҲΪŸı﷢
ǲֽԹģտڣĪͬѩ
ĿűƱﲻǰı
ĽݳδűҧΪ˵ǷѩԲŻ޳ɱѩ
Ľݣ忴Ľݳ˵޻˵ڰۿ쳣ľֹѩĽݳ֮ĪҲûӹ˫ۡ
˲Ľݳѩ£ڴĽݳͷӦĽݳᳪġ
áĽݳ붼ûͷ˵ľ
ΪβɱǷʦֶѩ⣿ǰƣҪĽݳΪ֤ʵԼ׶ɱѩ
һȫȻ׶š
㲻ĿϹɣСסʣ˫ȭ
ǸȷĴ𰸡ҰĴϵĴ󵶣ߵֱŽ 
ĬˣǹǰҴʵֻɱﲻ֪ԼĽݳǱѩ񵽼㣬ǳѩ񲻿ɡ
Ľݳɫ˵Ҫǰ飬ѵλԼ˵Ļ
һɵõͷǰ˵Ҫø񽻻ǰ飬˵
Ըȡǰ鲢Ǿȴ˵ΨһҳϼɽӵУӢۺú¾Ȳ𣿡ﲻļ⡣
ĽݳðΣԸ񽻻ȴΨһѪķӡ
ʦ֣㡭Ľݳ뾡Ҫס
㰡ҵģҰѹˣľɡϳĽݳ뱡ʱȥѺѩ
ѩѺֳ˽ԱĵĿȫȻȴĽݳĻ޲ѩء
ѩ޾ͦţ˫۾ǰҲɽµľӣҪˣϲõĵȴطꡣ
ɱؼѡ
ɱɱɱ˵ŷڣ뱡һ롣
ѩû뵽ҪʱɱΪǻԻȡ˱
ܵĹղܵơ
ѩǿеĿ־壬ϵиԼǸ񣬲Աֳųģ衣
Ľݳ״߾һֻ֣֮ͣˣĽݳҪ˵ĻĽݳѩǰ
ĽݼδŵϱҲɱȻĴÿ˵Ķѩֵǰǿ΢΢ţһϧĵ֫ٺ
ÿ˽ζû뵽˴ı仯ĽݳȢŮѵվ飿𣿽Ľݳ徫Ľͣ𣬺óͼͻȻѩ˻Լʵǽ벻ͨ 
ȻˣǾͲΪѩ񡣡ҽ˵˾乫ǲϲ ĽݳˣԸŶԸ΢Щ⣬»ؼʱǵòˡ
ǰæǻ
Ĭҵͬ˺ֵȢȲֻõͷ ૲ѣȻⲽȥ ˽ȥõĵѩѩƾʲôʦðŵ˵Σȥȣ
ʦ֣㲻óֽԼģִҪȢ϶кý㻹ǿ߰ɣŴľ֮󣬱תȥ
Ľݣѩһۺ׷ȥ
ĽݳһԲȥΧĿĽݳת䣿ƣѩҶԣӵ಻Ȼ޸ĽݳǴҲһĽݳȢᵹ˱ùģȰĽݳɣ
ѩɽ¾ӵУܲᱻ˷֣˫ֻϥ°͸ϥͷһӪʣԲ²ĸӪС
ϼɽϵĽݳĻɱȫԱĵĿеھ¿̵ǹǿڱ˵ͬʱصһۣ޷Ҳһ̵ļͥ
̧ұۣͷζû뵽ӲҪĻԼһҡιֻе۵ģԿ϶Ҳûֵȴͬݲ˽϶ԸĽݼδŵϱ
Ľݳһǵˣǣ֪᲻вʣİǱʦãȴΪǰ̹ǵĻԼ˱ʦãһù
ѩ޷ĽݳźУϲԣû̼Ǽô۱ʦñòģ޲òɢǣﱡ֪Ľݳ֮лԼҲΪҪĽݳʵû±ıʦá
ô᲻аܣѩ˦˦ͷܻᰮĽݳ䲻࣬Ҳ٣ῴĽݳģܣ
ҰСʶҧָᰮһڿˣԣ ᣬ԰ĽݳĽݳͻȻȣͷ˼ ˫ֺƣصеʧ ĽݳΨкޣûа
ôҪȱȵĴ
ѩһ׺ݺݵת£ȥοĺʦá ɶ·
ĽݳٿϳƼܵ˵żĸزԾŸΪ֪мֳɶģֱֿ 
ҪҿҪȥڸıʦÿüָɸ߸ϵĸвһĨ˲⡣
ҿðϳ˵ĳѾͷܱĵΪԸǸ߸ϵѩⲻ֪ڳϼɽϣݱһӶ磬ԡƺҪעԼݡ
ѩѩȻһ񣬲ҰҲǰĽݳǿͼˡ
㵱ݣҪ֪㡣ĽٵŮˣԶԸǸ
ҪҵɣҲýкڹСһ㲻ӦҾͲЭģ
ߣĽݳķӦһȥƲͬѩڹ
㿴ԼԲϲҽڹҲܲϲ㻽Ұô ֻݹٷŻ𣬲յưü
˵ȥҪ˶ãǷֵ𣬻ɣԻѩ񣬺аԵ˫ַڱɽµĹٱҰɣһ͵͵ɽµĹٱ
Ҳϣҵĸȥʡóտҳӵķǵ֪ΪΣ뵽Ҫ룬ıһʹൽ޷
ҳӲ֪˭Ľݳ뵽ѩȥյѡ
󵨣㾹ҰָҸҰҳӣȰʱһҪץúĥһȻѺŴն˫ȭ޲ûӵĽݳϡ
󵨵㰢꣬Ȼصͻ֪㰢Ұж󡣡ĽݳһΪТĸе˼飬ӲԼ׵Ϊеɣ˵죬Լĸף˵
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ʲôǰ飿ҰûץǸͷӡѹҶͷĽݳҲδԵ̫ˡ
ûУʱףüţ㰢⡣
ȻģѩѹΪѩǻŭͷã͵ſĽݳ˵Ļһ̻ȥ
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㲻մصﱡķ⣬ЦţСｫֹʹ࣬ûϷţ߽ﱡߣ˯ţһ̡
˯еﱡϾ䶢αجΣü һһ׷ͷվڴߣű붼û룬ֵķС
ȵľһ̣ѩɽʥշЦݸɵס°ͣǿ¡ǧ١
̵ֻƿѩɽʥǯƵ֣ȴѩɽʥǿ¡ǧ١ºıȫƻգʹڴϴ
ѩɽʥЦʹ࣬ͷŵļϹ Ц˵òرͼȡҩϣһٵӰĺ󱳡
ѩɽʥջĶ㿪һ˽ϾĽݳ㾡ѧѩɽʥϣ໥ײԵˡ
ĽݳǿסѪڣ״վñͦѩɽʥգԩ޳Ϊγڳϼɽ
¼ĸϵվĽݳߣѩɽʥգʹڴϴľĲ԰
ûңȴѩɽʥյĽݳúãͬˣǿ򶨡
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磡Ƚȣ壬ԼԼʹĿɢ
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Ƿ˹ү¶ġ޺޵˵Ϊ֮ǡ
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ĽݳϵڱϵĶϾ˼ϷҪѩʡ
һȻոջ˯еѩĹ뷿ŵµѩƽȥɶͷԵĿˡ
ۼѩŵĽݳعõĵϣԸѩϣĵѲֹǧٴϡ
ѩмĽݳ£͵˵ɫƺˣ춼ֵַû£Ǹһ޲˺ģĿĽ Ѱ󱣻
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Ƿϻ˵ûãҽҲһĶҩ ι£»ػҲ¶ϴֵĽ ۻۡ
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ѩĿʧȥԵˣСֲץĽݳ·
Ľݳֻֻסļ磬Աߵ̬վǰ嶯Ҫѩ¶ͦ˺
Ľݳµ㻹뱣ûԵĽݳ֡
ſǣﱨ𣡡˲ĿĽݳ֣׷׹š
ѩµȫȺ˲ĵһĥܣ˵һֱҪͦηĿˣ ռ˼˵ĿͶĽݳĻУΨĻеȫʡ
µģ޹ء§ѩĽݳȻĶԴ˵
жʦãﰡҧĽݳ
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ջ¶ںŮãԽԼģĽݳû˻˵㱡塣忴Ͽزرͼ
ĽݳǰѩԻһ˵ѣ겻᲻԰ģҪǣԻģ겻ɴפɽʹܹİΣǵĵ
ǰԼɣŮȢðĻ ţͲĽݳԼ
ȻҴӦҪȢѩޣ㲻ᷴڣڽҩһõ֣ﲻµġĽݳѴ⣬ҪԴѩɽʥûؽҩ
Ľݳ
ѾȰҡĽݳ˲κȰԡ
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˼֣ǿû취ҪȥýҩĽݳ֮Уǹ޵ߡѩɽʥյΨһѡȥѩɽʥϵ⣬׸
Ľݳطȥ£ı鿴˿ѩĬĬĽݳʹѩʮֿЦС͵˵Ѱ㡣
Ҫȥվſڵૣ˵ڣʶ˵ʲô
뿪ӣһչ㣬˴ġĽݳ ʰűҪװûѩĻС
ȥѩĽݳĬ׼ȥĴڡ
ѩŴ˫̯ͨÿĽݳûƿ
ѩɽʥսթڼΪʿ㲻Ķ֣ȥ˿»زѩڰ֪ΪΪģ޹أ𣿿ǵһ뵽ǰѩɽʥյ£޷Ľݳ
ǲ⡣Ľݳ˴׶༪٣ζҪһΪʦûؽҩ
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δţʱˣŵġѩƼ롭 飿𣿲ĽݳЦԼ̫޴ѩܻ⣿ˡ
Ҫȥȥ˲㣬壬԰ȵĴϢ ɣѩĹִŭĴ
жǱҲܲƽ˵ʦõڶ⡣
ж˻ңᵣ᣿Ҫȡҩ𣿡ѩʹıۣȻΪ˾ﱡﱡʲôĽݳȢһҲãûиܵĿУС
Ҫѩɽʥ¶˱㰢꣬ʳӣ㰢¶֣ ȣ
Ҫ˭ƭңҰѩɽʥǶͬġˡĽݳҧţĽݳĲں
ǷֱѩɽʥաĽݳΪִԲԽԻĸŲɣ嶯ץסӺúõҡһҡܲҡ
ãҸȥҷʸɡ붼ûͽĽݳ顣
У̫Σˣ㻹ǴڳϼɽȽϰȫĽݳĻؾͬ ѱѩɽʥҩʱѩɽʥջ˵
ڳϼɽİȫΪƾһ˱ɱҵͷ У㲻˵ҰѩɽʥչᣬʵѩɽʥҲҷִֺⲻͬУԴͣ
ҲԣѩԴڳϼɽ˿ܻ򣬳ʱ˽ˣ ʱ첻Ӧеصز飬ͬУѩɽʥձֺԱסһС
ðɣҪȻطѡ£ѩ˰˽ᣬȫϢ֮£˿ֻúõӵؼ 
ѩͷֵĴӦ԰עԷѩɽʥհˣҪʱ˵ɰõҩ



Ľݳ˷Դѩѩɽѩɽʥգ估֪ҪѩɽķӦѩĻǣһ仰ڶ෴ˡ
ǵѩ϶˳ôȺֵܽŲˣѲ粻ҪĴдӣ̬ȼŭ˴ң£Ϊ˸ û˵䷴ԵĻǳš
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ɵģĹκһǴһգڡ ԴצС
ѩǰͷ󱳽ĽݳǰأúìܣؼĽݳߡܷһ죬Ľݳ밢꾡ǰӣѾԻһңҰĲֻİ롣
İˣһ𣬰İӹɣĽݳΪ氮˰ĸһŮ˵ˣѩˣԸͷĽݳΡľһ˰̣аؽµé ݣһ˫Щĺȿȴ Ҳ壬ܰһ˵ˣģĲѩԼĿղˡ
ĽݳɴۿѩԼͷ۵ץסСֺȵʲô 
ûʲô㡣ѩعͷ㶵˵Ľݳץס֣ѲΪԸûôɣǿǺ۵ġ
֪ԸӲˣϲ㰡ѩ񡣡ĽݳЦѿ֮䳰ȷ
ѩСĹţ˵ĽݳĻõĶȥ һڽеµӶ㣬˻졣
ʸԺָĽݳĲµҪ˵ʲô֮ĻѲˣһǱΪǳ°ٴΣ Ĺ಻ϰԱ΢Ĺġ
ѩһȥﱡ˵׼û£ֻһܣȻĽݳһŭ֮Ҫͷܣţ޿ܣΪ˱ʦɶ¶ɵóǽеĺá
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ѩûͲгǻ޳鶯Ҫܵѩɽ˿ɾȲر
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֪֮ᵽеĹػб˳Լ
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ӦõġĽݳ˳ɿע⵽ѩ־ ȴòһδεнУŵһɲǣϺ־뿪˫ֽץë
̾ΪһǱȫˣ񶾵Ļ˵ó˵ʵ˲̫żҲпɰһ֣Ȼ٣ֵøõĶԴ ˣαô࣬ܿҪ뿪ˣصȥĸ񣬵ʱ ӶźҲί
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СıľķԸͷѩԲɵ 㶵ĸںͷܻǣѩС֣ȫˡ
ѩɵ˵Ŀľ֣ʵǿкο֮ƬѰӣĽݳ˵ôأǱǳ
Ľݳѩɽʥ󷨣Ҫ㣬ɵĴѩд 
ѩǱȲĽݳĴţСܲĽݳͷܵ㺹죬˿ҺະۣΪԸҪҪģԹĽݳ
һõҩĽݳûѩľٵţڴԽһƬľʱʽͻȻı䣬ڿţĽݳͣ½Ų䡣
СܲѩղסŲӲײĽݳʯĺ󱳣ѽΪͻȻͣײαǣűǣ۵õ顣
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£ѩľֿٶţⲻƬͨľ֣а˲
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һѩٷɳ۶ѩľĻͷʱĽݳѿת һߣֻӭѩɽʥյ˫ơ
飡죬ĽݳĵƳ˿ѩɽʥյ ˺üѩǣĸ˺󣬲ڵء
áѩ޷ȫʩչ书ǵİΣ
ѩͷ˳վһԣĽݳΪģҷΪ˾ѩɽʥһƣʵⲻȥ
ѩɽʥЦǶˣǣǲ֪ŮƶĽݳҪֵúúá
ƣѩɽʥշʮɵĹĽݳ
ĽݳͬʮɵĹ׸ܽȡҩ˳ѩɽʥղҲǼ¡
൱һȻһԾĽݳŽѩɽʥŹ ڿйУ˫ʮУʵ൱δ˵Էùѩ ɽʥĸĽݳһƣأһǣݵ˫۽Ӵѩ ĴۣɱѸײڶٶʹɹѩ
ѩؿڱѩɽʥջУײ˺ͷľľһײı䣬ľƶССļڵϵѩ
ڿеĽݳ״³壬ڵʱ֮ݵѩѩɽʥսʮɵĹĽݳĺ󱳣Ϊ˾ѩĽݳӲǽһƣû취㣬ѩɣǿסѪӿĳ嶯Ľݳѩվ ȫĵط
øӡѩɽʥյĴЦϵĽݳΪǲ֪Ů˻Ӳһƣˬ죡
شѩȫʧȥĽݳϣȫλ 粻֪ɵĶȥʹʹ޷ڽҪƶһСָͷѡ
ѩû°ɣϾѩˣֻûͷѯʡ
ѩ̰˺üǿ岻ʣĶĽݳҡͷʾû£˻úúõģʱˡ
ѩѩɽʥѩֲҰֱĽݳе˶ ŮѩϸѾͷò㽿ᣬеİɢĽ󣬰˸Ѱ˼ҵŮѩ񣬸 ôԵص˸ûɵĹ˿̸ 档
Ľݳѩһʯͷϣô֪˸񣬲֪λȥĵѩһۣ˵úأҰײ˵ʱ뿪Ƶģòģɶѩû뵽ѩɽʥпϲѩģ
ѩڴʯϣ˫΢ţۣȵѪɿû֪ʹȥߵѪûͷҪ֮ĶԻѩɽʥ֣ƺܾȣѵĽݳԣѩɽʥй᣿
ɶ񣡡ѩɽʥŭһڣڸδ֮ǰ ˸ҪǱ֪Сѱ˿Ľݳ ٿڵϵĸͨЦĽݳץ߸񣬻ĹһоȻظ񣬰ͻҲȾָ ֪֪ŮǣһкηӦ׷ɱɡ
ϻ˵óҩ
ǣĽݳ֮˸񻹲ȴСʦã ȰĽݳĹƣרһѩɽʥѩϸ
ѩЦ»ѪĽݳ֮ʼΨﱡһˣʲôǡ
ĽݳѩɽʥհѻRĴѩɽʥգˣʩչɣݲȡ
ѩɽʥľˣѱĽݳĽƣѪʶĽݳî˾ҪɱܶԵ˿ŹֱĽݳţĽݳԴ
Ľݳֱ۵סѩɽʥյĹȣػֱƺһֵĽԥĴѩɽʥյš
ѩɽʥղҽһڵأס˿ںݺݵĵĽݳ
ҩĽݳԽסѩɽʥյʺвѵＫޣ ҺסѩɽʥգҪսȥҲûա
ûвرͼûнҩѩɽʥӲıȥ·𲻰ĽݳĽ
óĽݳѩɽʥյĺѪֱΣѩɽʥٲ˵ɱѩɽʥգҽҩ
ҸϸѩɽʥձĽݳеļŻˣ׻˵úãɽڣûգαִţ̽뻳УȡһҩĽݳ 
ȷǽҩĽݳûӹҩѩɽʥգ̫ѩɽʥյ˻׽ҩټѩɽʥյ˿ڼ
ģƭ㡣ѩɽʥջŵͷڳں 
Կ÷ѩȫǣͣͣòʮľ룬Ľݳߣ̱ڵϣ ѩɽʥеĽҩ
ĽݳѩɽʥղĿĶѩһҩѵΪ˵ǲǽҩҳȥ֪𣿡Ľݳﱡľ ȫ붼ûҪҩУǶҩˣ
ס֣ôˣǲǽҩƿǡѩɽʥŵæֹѩҩĶϽóĽҩ
Ľݳѩųһ亹ҪɥȪ
ѩӹҩ޴Ϣʣǽҩ
ǧȷСļʹĵҲƭ񡣡ѩɽʥĸüٽҩ˸ҩ
ѩѩɽʥһۣԲѩɽʥյĻһҩ۱ 
ѩĽݳֹ
ҩѩۣǳЦĽҩ԰ĵĴȥˡҩݸĽݳ
Ľݳҩ۱Ʒѩɽʥգ׼ѩɽʥյѩɽʥǧһ֮ʣ˫ƿĽݳĽһ󲽣֮ľ룬뵶µѩɽʥգŵӣգڵĶڡ
Ľݳ״׷ȥ󱳵ͣ½ŲΪѩɽʥͬˣĽݳңң˽޷ȡ߶Է󰡣
ʦüĽҩϻȥѩĽݳ
ţĽݳͷãʹҧתȥѩ£ ѩɽʥջ֪ͨģڴµģǸ÷ſʱˡ
ѩ㶵Ŀ뿪ˮġҪˣҪߣΪʲôѵ治ﱡΪѧᣬʢRˣʹޡ
ĽݳĶУʹĽŲ淢ǰתͷͼѩŮڵʹޡ
ѩɽʥձĽݳˣתͷвϵİţôô Ҫ߾Ϳ߰ɣˡ
ѩĽݳƲסԼĽŲ߻ѩ
ѩͷĻʹޣ˫ֽץ½ǣ˵ҪߵĻ
Ľݳ̼޵滨ᣬٴسϼɽ
ȵȣܸߡѩɽʥæͣò׾ȳ˴ߡ
ĽݳĽŲһ٣뻳е˶ԣģĲ̣ҧߣ󲻹ܷʲô£еˡ
㲻ܸ߰һǱүүıˡ ѩɽʥռȰĽݳתĿ꣬ϣеǡ
ѩɽʥյĻѩȻ󲨣Ľݳ뿪ʾ޷ٻؼ ޷֤Ļתϣһ尡һʧ㣬Ϊ˺ĹҪȥ
ĽݳĵȴѩǿѩߣһȢΪ޵ģ۸
ѩشģᶨĿĽݳֽߡʵ ѷ˵һǸˡ
ţĽݳݵִСӡһǣﳾȥ
ߣѩɽʥںͷУһߣү²֪Դס
ĽݳϻسϼɽѩǰͷȫУѳѩ֧Ľݳ״һԦһ§סԷ; Ľݳ°ٴβ쿴ѩɫԼҰһСѪϵð ƻʹȥ˫š˵úأ
ĽݳΪѵĿŻеѩͣΪǸϻسϼɽ˵ 
ۼѩۺɫ챻ѪȾ޺죬ѪȪӿʼʶĳ鴤ţĽݳҧͣ£ѩЪš
ѩȶĽݳ͵Ϊ˹ˣ޷ȣӲĽݳ˫ƴѩ壬ůѩʶ
ۼǲľε죬ƥյĳŲݣ֣ƥ ôô죬ʵڳ̫ĽݳĿ㣬һýĽݳġ
һȸͷؿڲپʹȫ֫ٺٽӲʯĶ˶ָͷãڵĶڣܺ·ؼֻʣһˣı˫ۡ
ĽݳջȥʵĺˮҲˣ Ҫѩ˸Ѵ֮ʱ裬˿̵޷ȫκѩˣ ǱסѩͣΪѩ˹˹Ȼ롣
ʧȥĽݳ֧ţѩĿͦͦģĵĽݳĻУöˣףôǼŸϻسϼɽ
ˡĽݳȥѩߵѪգţɫöˡ
ңûƿĽݳΪȥѪգˣ𣿰ˣǱѩɽʥմһ
ûµģ㿴ҲǻúúõġЦǺǵģ뻹ܿ˵ûƷϡ
ĽݳסѿڶĻˣѩ֪ղԵȻġ
ʦòǻڵǵĽҩôǻ·
ѩʣɲĽݳ˾ȱʦõʱɳе
Ľݳһѩߺٱسϼɽ˱ڵĽҩ
ѩûƼĸˣǻò֪㣬ѿȷеĸܵĽݳȢΪީĵ֪ϣ ﱡİһ㣬ػټӵ㰮ʹֻһ㣬Ҳ㣬 ܵģĽݳĽݳɲͬȵ
ǵģ˵˩ĽݳҩȫΪ ֮İˣοﱡɱز Ե±ԹûĽݳﱡ˵޹ʹǼﱡģӵĽݳȫİ
ѩɽʥոǧȥ ͬ鷿ͷ鷿ڵĵı棬 ɡ
ѩɽʥո߽ȥԵúòǱүʹ˫ֱȭ
Ŀѩɽʥգѩɽʥյ书ǿǿ׼㣬Żѩɽʥճû뵽ʧһ죬ûֳ߻ʧָָһԵλҪѩɽʥ£ȻϾ˵˵ɣٻҲ׼
²ţҩĽݳߡѩɽʥղĵͷ
ô˵Ҳйزرͼˡƽûи߹ѩɽʥյǵ͹Ľݳ»سǵöЩ֡
ѩɽʥյͷøˣҪճϥͷ
ˣлõرͼأ˻ðɣ֯ŮÿЩȳŮ֯ɡ
ѩɽʥ֧Ų֪οڡ
񾿾ôˣۻȶһһʮ ûԵػ
ѩɽʥһλ˻֣Ϊⲻ֪㱻գİŮץߣȨУ ɱİŮΪ˾ȻذŮòӣ ҪվȻذŮҲǼ£Ǹز¶ˣ 书ǿ
ʵұǿɴظģ벻ǸѡĽݳһ뿪һɸѩɽʥհѵʱһһʮı˵ĻʱԲŭԭӲѻ̻ء
òѩĽݳʣŭǰס
⡭ѩɽʥȫʼҿ
˵û¶ȿԡ
ǵģΪĽݳ׳ҩСûӣֻóĽҩǡѩɽʥոϽĲ²⣬
үڰʱڴŮ뿪ǣû뿪ݹ顣ѩɽʥʧˣҲ֮أ˵ֱǷȫɱ з֮ơ
ǣллүллүѩɽʥĻҵ飬æܳȥΣ׼Ů뿪ǣֻаʱ뿪㣬ֻҪܴŮȫ뿪 Ѳ
ѩɽʥȥƽεķ֣ѩıյ˷֣еľм뵽ʮŮ龹ȲһˣѩԸؼҶѡˣǰѴұƵ˾·Ϊ˰ޣ;ŮѩݣѩıشľŮҪѩúúõġ

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ڳϼɽȴĽʿȹϵϽȥһĽݳϲĽݳɥѩɽʥյС
ˣĽݳѩȥôãòǷ˰ɣ̤Ĺ뷿ͷĿʹϢÿ˽԰ˣÿʹʱҲʹͬĹǣܲ˿ ʧȥĵı˳
ĽݳСӰ˳ɴŹˣˣǲٵ
ܻţȵ񾭶ˣʮֻҲûţ֪ˣ üȰĽݳѩһߣĸȡҩ˻ ŮͬУ
ڲҲǻᱻٱΧ˭ɵĳɵģߣ ˽壬Ҳ
ģֱм˵ȱ£ǶҪĲǡͦΪĽݳ˵û
ޣҪֱĻлԼţҿǹүļϸ רǵģڿɺˣŹ뿪ٻ޹İϲܵ˿̵ڵϡ
ϵļ⣬ױͬУĽݳһʸȨıСˣ˿ʼĦȭƣ׼ʹĽݳѩ
ŽѩлԼ׸ƣˣô룬;з⣿ѩɽʥղöԸҪǼ£Ǹøʱ䣬ڴ˴Ƿ˴ңҽжʦã˵ ܼȣĵȰŴ𼤶δʻʹ Ľݳδʧ
ĻҲеٸĽݳһӰɣٲ֣ѩɽΪʬɱֱȡĹ
ϲô˵ֹţ룬ĽݳĵĻˣĻǶһӣʱ䣬ΪĽݳã˳ӴٵȵȿĽݳٲ֣һȡĽݳĹ
ȴȴϸС΢졣
ſɽſڵ˵
¶ͻЦݣڻˣĽݳȡ˽ҩﱡоˣ
ΪԼĴⲻõı죬ߣĽݳСӻ÷ֱǷǣûȥǡ
Ľݳ䤱ſϻسϼɽ˼ƽԻѩһпĽݳٲȻ䣬˽ʮ쵼
ĽݳסͣѸ籪ķ˼ȫϵڱϣ˻иѩŽҩֱĹ뷿
ϵѩʧȥĽݳ֧ţҡһ£ĵԶȥӰθĽݳУʼձȲﱡҪʱĽݳ ռһĿռ䣿
ۼķѩʹѩǰѪգԾķѩˣ ôأѩɽʥղѩҰ׵СϽ ҵ
ѺѩۿΪ֮ǰԽĲƸеǳĽݳ⣬ڴΨһõˣС֮ĶȾ֮ȥɽѺñǷвĶӵĳ¶΢Цû취̫ûˣЩɬ
˵ޣǸɶ˲ã˿˾ŻϷ֮ԣǳûɲĳЩףɫգжԡ
ϵĻѩɫӲҰף֪겢ĺˣ˿еĴ󻵵Ϊѩ޷Ϊ˵滰ȥƱ磬ͷ޷Ľݳϳϼɽ; ռĻ棬ȫǰһɵģʼҪȢﱡĽ ݳΪ˲رͼǰ۸ɶ֪ףĪֳ İǱЫǺˣʮĻӣһ·ߣҲ Ϊһᣬ˵ʬ¼ڿˮйޡĵʹףˡ
ϣˣվѩλǸüĿĵϣǰѩĹ۵ͬѩദ󽥽ʵѩ˼ֻҪʵһҲɺ˵ġ
ˣҲǣҪȥϵĶû巢ִֵΪһĸ˺
Զ󣬽ЦĶϵѩǻ˵Ļϣҷ
ˣ˵ûǸˣԷ֣ҿԸѩ״ЦûϵĻˣǿסؿڴʹ ץסĻ˫ŽӴһɲǣ̱Ĺڵأ͹Լƣǰû˵İ޷߻ط
û°ɣ񡣡循һϵѩüѩȾ½󣬡˵úأȥҽ㿴
ˣѩϽס䣬ֹȥҽû£ ϴ̫һʱܿûˣлл㡣
½ϵѪνͣ廳ɵĿ
ĽݳˣСմҵ½ңû¡ãӦؿͷʹʱʱ̿
ȷ岻ͬĶѩҰѩտĽݳˣ Ѫմѩ½󣿵ȵȣʱѩסĽݳŻ᲻Сմϣ νѩҰ׵Сôѩˡ
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𣿡ѩĻ޵ѩǸ߸ϵĸܵ·;⵹ҲԽѩ԰׵ɫ
ѩᶨĵͷĵЦˣȻˣҲطȥˣȥȥ״ҲܹıǷϵĶ
ȥɣѩԾЦģĵ߹룬վҡҡλεѩǻѪֱȥǵѪգܵ˱ҪأҿĽ ǰ;ΪͣˣȻѻ죬סؿʹĵط˫Ȳסбб߻ķ֮ͣͣ䣬 ѪΪ߻طȥǵѪգ˰ɣȥ Ѫúܣģ˰οԼ
ĽݳŽҩ뱡ķӳıűΪʱֹͣűһҲıӵڻУΪȲֱ΢ ʶü
ҰѽҩˡеĽҩ
ҽƽ˿վӭ˫עϣĽݳҩҽҽι롣
ҽӹҩٵĵҩõǼᣬŵĿаǽҩҽ֮ͷǽҩȻι¡
Ľݳۼ½ҩɫཥתΪ԰ףҩЧˣĺأšüͷ֮ɣĽݳģڹŹǰȻر
ˣҰ㿴ҽŷɣۿȺͬʱȻЦҽĻ漴ЦݣĵĽݳ
û¡ĽݳΪȻЦţС˲ԵڵĽѩĻ˵ԼûˣҲͰĵ̽
Ľݣлл㣡ԵĸмĽݳΣΪȡҩ
αҵлҵʦãӦõġ״ƽȵ廳Уͻˣϸñģѩ ˣ뵽ѩ估˱ỹϰɣ뱧ѩ
ô˼Ķʵ
ѩ˻ϣҵȥ߽塣
㲻ΪġںͷֹĽݳĽŲ
л㡣ĽݳΪǽѩȻѩ ״˵վ⣬ˣѩˣÿΪ˲ǣǸһȭǸȻĸϻѩķ岻ڼʲôѵ˵ĸŨҵ޷ֿһʱ̣
治Ůһ㣬һ컹ӲңˣĻ¶Ů˿ϴ˵
ֱҡͷϲ̸飬Բðζ˶Żᶮ
Ľݳѩķʱ ţѴ󿪣ĲѩȵϣſſڣĽݳľıϵƳǵѪʱʹ˫ֲĿ챧סôΪΪѩûȫȥϵˣٿת ôѪ
һƬհףİѩڴϣ˴סˣ޷õľѩʱǱģ̽ıϢ޺ĺʣв»ʱ޷Ӧ
ôǽյֱ΢գһ£Ѫʶѩûǻŵġ
жĽӵĸлϲԣѩڲǸжʱ Ϊѩˣ˲ҲˣǿΪѩ˼п߻ħΨһ֪ǣҪȻѩִܸۡ
ѩȶ㿪ʼΪˣѩؿ˹ĽݳѴＫޣϵ֣亹ֱðǵƳѪǿס ͷ³רһµӲϵѩڡ
ѩг˺üΣڲǵʱִùĽݳŴһ˹ѩڣǿڳѩ е³еѪͬʱĽݳŻһ³ͷḧؿڣѪС߻ħǾѩ
ѩؿڵѪƳ󣬻ۣôˣ̼ǵ̤뷿ŵһɲǣǰһƬڣȻ㲻ʡ£ôһɻĿ ڿĽݳؿһƬѪ˫Ŀ
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ҡĽݳҶѨʼ˹Լˡ
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޵ȴҿ޳±Ľݳ֣Ψ֮ʣŸ¶Ľ
ȻųЦӨ޳Ľëϣζ벻ڶ̶һݣǵõʱǳĽݳ˵͸ˣ˵ֻһ˿֮ˣ֮ǰĽݳ̬ȳƲһã 鲻Խȥ·ˡ޷԰Ρ
ڳͷɣѹգҪһԶᰮˣ˵һ䰮ĻʹǼٵҲûϵƭ
һٻʢͣ§ŰΪƵǧУ֯ͷɷʵļϣְֻŪɷı˫ۣŰ޵ıǧҡš
үѩᵽôãе㵣Ƿˣ½һˣظˡ֯겻İŮش̫ãز죬˭ѩ᲻ᱻ۸ˡ
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Ϊʲô֯겻õʣѵţôỻһ䲻ɡ
˫ۣĿŻеӣḧۼգһ˵ȥ̫ΣˣҲġ޵սٿᣬÿǶճտþá
˵ѩҲǶһˣȥΪҲɣ ֯귢ƢĿɷ֡
ľٶûǵãЦǺǵһ°޵ǲͬģѩбչѣûӦҲġ
ҵүƺˣѩҵŮûŮзչԼΪû취ɣҪ˵Ϊıǿ֯һɷıӽ
ҵİޣҵıǿңҲֻһˡһ°޵촽͵
ǣ½˼ҪЦ㡣ߵͶɷĻ ˫΢΢졣
ӽߵģˣ鲻Խ̧ӵ°ͣϸԵú ޵ӣ֯һɷĻС
þŽһǣ˫ۣ֯꣬ңҵģԶ뿪ҡҪ檵ı֤
Ұ㣬ģԶ뿪㣬ûֿܷ֯꽿ỽɷ֣ɷĲ
֯꣡§ס˵һһġҰ㡱ӵȫİҽԸ
֯ɷůĻɷĳ֪ΪͬȵĶԴɷ
§ŰޣŮѩڳϼɽۼŮ̼üͷģʹһ㲻̹Ҳɣᾡɰ޵ԸҪϵӣҲ취Ҫժ
֯꣬ڸҵȥѩظʱˣΪ˲ǰģ̫ΪŮġ
𣿡
У᲻ΪΣ϶ˣ뿪ϼɽҪʲô
Ǿͺá֯꿪ĵЦˣ֮ԼҶյŮ
Ӧң뿪֮Ҫúñӣʳܣʼֹ涨µظ󣬷Ӳڴϡ
֯ŭסɷ죺˵ˣ
ӵС£˭̫ں㣬뵽ˣһܹܺúչ㣬òãͷҡǿЦȴģκʧŹ
֯Цͷɷǹ̬˵ء
ûиľģںڰһ棬ӲͬˣҪԺڰȾ飬δ֪ӣҪŮ뷨ҲûŮˣ֪ŮǸ˽ؼңŮѱ

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ĽݳΪԼʮʱסƣѪٷڣ۱ѩ̹˯ڴϵĽ䡣
ʧ滨ӣʱѩռķȱҪأǵģΪ˱ѩɽѩɽʥýҩΪŸѩɽʥ ƽ֣ҩӦȡõѩأ
ˣǿпܻ߻ħ˲ԼΣľ߻ħ⣬ֻҪȻͺˡ
籡ΪѩᰮǸ⣬ĸԸῴϼȵԵĸǧ𣬸˵ǸĻѩĻȴס Ŀ⣬޷ѩΪοԳҩĪ¶ǲİΣϣѩɽʥռܽӻɲܸذѲر ͼõ֣´ѩһ㣬Ķеɻ
ĴָΪѩȥϵ飬Ǻ޵촽ϵʹƽͷϿѾõ촽Ծɺһҷ
ޣģ˹͡ů㣬ӵӵ£鱦ȷȢӿ϶ʶˣҪӦ˷Ե˾ Ѳʱ䣬Ҫ˽뽭ʿվͬһߣѩ ֮٣ȫŵѩ
ţһ˻ᷢѩеĵᣬҲʱĲǺڵģϰĴڣѩҲѧҺֵദ
Ữѩ۵Сòԣһ覴ãǣǺ˵˺òӣȻ ŵϴѰȤ
ĿתƵͷǽԵĸ֪ͬˣĳ߹󣬶ǸĸĹ¶ѩһԶõµΪɷӦûɣĽݳοԼ˼룬ѩĳѩɽʥʱһ뿪
һúչġʳȱɰ˯ˣ˵㣬ĿӴѩϵİ̺ʱеΣԻµģ˰ܱʣҲѩȨ⣬ûȢΪޣǽһ
ʲôѩей˫ſϵˣĸоʹȺڴ
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Ľݳݣָ˳˳˿ǣ´ǰ£õǰ̫ˣˡߵģǵýĻΡ
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Ҳȥȥɡѩûпͷܾ룬Ŀʼֲֿ꣬Ʋɼã׸Ǻã ԻȡǰΪʡ
ǡðɡĿѩһۣһ뿪Ҫѩǰ飬ûԣΪ׿ڴӦԻ ǵĻԼѩԹΪԼ

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ĽݳĬĵͷӦɲƿӡ
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