صļԣwww.27txt.com ṩȥ˴վŶ
Դ Ľ     
   
    ߡ() Ľ    
    
̬ 342ҳ ; 19cm    
š000002479834    
 ӡ , 1937    
ԭ鶨ۡ CNY1.20 Ϲ    
ο׸ʽ() Ľ. Դ. ӡ, 1937.        
Դ 
Ľ     
   
ŬģһֿԵĹҲӦ۹⿴һδ̽¾أ˭ҵ޼۵ʵֻҪҵõ·Ӧ֪ˡļֵĴ𰸣⡣룬ڶߣЩҹ۵㲻ͬĶߣѾһΪѾҵ˼ܼ򵥵رֳˡ    
    
1893109ڰ͵ǵķ        
Դ 
Ľ     
һ ѧĿ   
ָĸţָһĴ˵ĹоУԷֳо·ߣ·߿Խʷĺѧġֿγ̣ȻвģΪԵʣǱǵŪ    
ʷҵķչпʷʵġѴ˵еһпɵĺʹĲǿɿҪȡܵرһȷͼ񣬲ڽͣʵ̽ͼǵ϶ʵʵоףܻ֪ܵʷо֮⣬һֹʡĿĵһоЩоƬϵĻϵͳطģʹνʷѧֿγ̡ʷѧͳΪڵνѧ    
ѧʣڴõúܴģΪƺڳ֮ǰӦðѡѧǷϺѧٵʣһ㿼졣ѧְĳһȺļͽͣÿֿѧԷֳɼͽšţǿʵʵΣʾͲţǰһķţǻϵģ±ʾ֪͸ĹϵĻʺǣû۵ʵԺģûʵǿնġѧ߱ſѧӦ߱𣿶⣬ְĵһ˵ǿ϶Ļشġ    
ִʷһַѣоķΧ̫̫ƫŷ˱ģַѣӰĿѧʣΪҪ϶һоǷϺѧʣȡķΧĴСǸķġʷоκĻѧȻѧоòϿѧԭЩѧʷվѧƣһѽõʯ鵱һһʯ飬ΪЩʯͷѾһĽʷ֪ʶҲΪѧǸʵѾ߼Ĺ֯ǾͷѧĲǷϺĿĵ⡣ѧֳԣ඼ϣͼĳ˼ѧϵͳֱġЩһʱȻѧٵЩϣǹ˲ãֺѧһͬûˡǲжЩ˼ĶһֵϸĿѧ׼ǣǲòǻõġǹȻϧǵĹ½룬ǲ˾ͺʵĻĲȹЩҡҷĹ죬óҲûйκαϡڸɣHegeliansͺնɣHerbartiansѧڶֻʷϵȤˡǵѧĸȴûҪЩҲЩͨΪ۶ΪѧоڶԸǰߣǱȥоȫϵͳڶԸߣȴֻǶƬϵʾЩƬϵۣҲװѧϵͳʮȫʮٲȻӡÿǿöʡͶͬЩΪĶĴ󲿷Ҳ⻥ìܵʱ򣬾ͲҪһֳԾ̾ͻЪģΪʹЩ۵κһԾܵĿʱͻᷢЩͶʲô͹۵Ŀѧо͹۲ֻƮ޶ġ۵ġڸͬѧҪȫȤġȻǲ۵ļֵ۵һʱӦҪĳֵ֤ݡһмֵǾͿΪʲôѧĸݡһȻİ߶ֲ۵мζΣֲܽѧߵо֪ͬһвžߵ˶۵ļ⣬ʱҲǺ棬ǺȤģǲܾܲΪѧĽȷ֪ʶѧҪԭںʲôʱʲôطûʲô졣̽ǹֲĻǹƷģܲǿ͹۵ġɵģоֲоֱ֮еƷǱȽױֱҪ侲ЩҪѧоҲܲ侲šڿѧУܿ͹۵֧䣻У۵֧䡣־ڽ򣻿ѧȴѰߵԭͶͬǾܽǻͬȴǵĶ۴ڵɣǿԲϿѧʨƤ͵ĿһʨƤûסԼĺβ͡    
ѧڶܳ˵ʷʵ˺ǽҪ˵һЩ֮⣬ʵӦóϻûпԽѧĶȻʷҵŬЩѧĲѾѼˡЩҲҪڿѧϵʱԳļֵҪŲãøкνǲõĶǵ׸֪ʶҲƷһرֶĿĵʱʵǵõ֪ʶֶΣѻʵѹ˼롣ͽȻѻɽʵֻʹǵɽڱյûйҲûʷһӵʵ˷򣬾ʲôʹǵõͼֵǷѰġ    
ڣٵӦÿ̲ݻؿʼʱˣΪ⹤Ǽ򵥻ġ򵥵⣬оҲܷоѧ⣬ȻҪһĹƸصļѡ    
ڴ߳Ĺ֮ǰҪﵽʲôĿģȻǺܶԵġǣȴԤŪ岻ܴﵽʲôĿЩǿԱԼʹ󣬸ԷѧʹܱⲻķѡǶÿһ¿ѧõһпܵۺʵʵ漣ҪǽһеѺֲһеȱݣǶÿһ·ĵطҪǻƽһ˲ãǲ֪·ĵطҲǴصһǣһȾɵĵطö٣ҲһȾɵĵطЩͬȥֵڴ¿ѧҲ֪ǿѧһ֡ѧУĵһ飬ǿ԰ǵԸչķʹǲȻزʱȴʢ˹ķѧʵܹܲɾԸһʡٴѧŵĽƲ෴ǽγĸ˵ĸӶ΢ǲӸԤεĲʶϺڽĻŬٵΪֹ۶ʵӰǷǳ΢ģǻֻϣһʵ߳֡    
ѧֱĿģʵʵĽ۵֪ʶѧҪĿģҲΪӦöΪ֧ͷչķ֪ʶȻĿģѧܲΪŬҲԶﵽ롣Ҫκһ󶼼꾡Ҹ˵κοѧܹӦǵҪһֲѧߣƲܰĳһֲ̬һ׷׵˵һһоҲܰƷĺ˶ˣ΢ؼ˵ΪЩ΢޶Ŀ£ΪЩɵر䶯ŵأκһָ龳涼޾ǵȫ׽ġҲҪʲôһףΪԭûе׵ġѧҲָܹͨĹɵĹѣǿѧܾġȷκﶼйԣǾڹԲֳʱ򣬻ȷйԡһձĹԺͿԵȷţκξоǡǡ෴һоĹֻҪѧ̸һ֧һƺûйɵչ̵ķѧҲͿǾӦ˰աѧѴӻģ˼Ļĺпһǿ氲ĸոһƬԸֵأѧصıȻһֿĴƷǿѧ˵ζѧʾֻ漰ľıΪֹ͸ﳬԽֻҪѧܹʾĻĳʽĳʽڵĹɶҹ̶ĹϵѧѾʹʹѧЩʽ͹ϵڵıѧʷĹֵĶѧѧͲò̹׳ܴЩ⣬Щ⡣Ӧ˰աѧѴӻģ˼Ļĺпһǿ氲ĸոһƬԸֵأѧصıȻһֿĴƷǿѧ˵ζѧʾֻ漰ľıΪֹ͸ﳬԽֻҪѧܹʾĻĳʽĳʽڵĹɶҹ̶ĹϵѧѾʹʹѧЩʽ͹ϵڵıѧʷĹֵĶѧѧͲò̹׳ܴЩ⣬Щ⡣        
Դ 
Ľ     
ڶ ѧķ   
ѧͱеи˵ĺʽǰһʽУҪһƷһҵһƷоҪָһҺһƷ֮ڵϵ˵ʵϵһһ֮¾Ӫ˶ڸ˵ı֣֮ıָеȤοǸԼռҪһоȡĸ˵ʽҲͷ֪ûʲôɼʵУֻнļļǿø˵ʽġڱ龳УŬ̽ҲͽȻĥʱ⣬ҲȫʷĻϡ    
ײʣRembrandt1669꣬ڶǰڰķ˹صAmsterdamģλŷ޾ʢĴңǶƽ֪ô٣¶ʹλǧЩƷǷԼױʣ񻹴ĿܡӢλʫˣҲλĴҷͬˡ֪ɯʿǵһƽԶܰǿ϶ķأHamletⱾ飬һʿȷɯʿɯʿǵ˭⣬ֻ֪ӢĳһλĶӣΪ̷ܴܹʮ˻飬󲻾þҸ׶أ׶ݾ磬ֺ˹ͬӪ糡ʮص磬þš⣬ֻ֪һϵѣһͬĵİ¡оǶλʫ˵ƽܱȶһλֻͬһСʱİ˵ƽ֪øһЩͬǻǶ֪öһ㡣ɯʱϷҵġǡǺϽǰƲĹϵĹ־һģġǣȷ֪ģֻںڵĵǼǡһʥStSaviourõƾɵǼǲϣ1639320յ£ǿҵܼļأ˷աڴ˵ءBuriedPhilipMassingeraStrangerˣֻ֪1584꣬һ˵Ķӣ1602굽1606ţʥࣨStAlbanܹĳһ֡ҵļƶСȥҵ˺˹ޣHensloweǮǡTheDukeofMilan͡TheFataiDowryߡ˹˲ϵμأǿɲġDuchessofMalfiߣԼΤ˹߯JohnWebsterȫʷĹļءˡǶʱսŵǸԶŵĺڰʧˡǣ    
Ƕ    
Λ]    
    
Լޱߵĺڰ    
һС    
һȥ׷ݸԶǾͻøӺڰӾšǵ¹Ʒɭ̳AltarofIsenheimΰ˭أǡ³߶£MatthiasGrnewald˭أɣأSandrart˵ǺܿɱģһλǷ˲źƷôϣҲҵһܹҹƽƬֻˡ˽ΰʷʫʱĴãΪЩһû֪ǵ˭ġҲżȻʯҵһһڣҵʲôġ˹̩͹ErwinVanSteinbach˭أطء⡤˹˹GottfriedVonStrassburg˭أķ⡤˩ʢ͹WolframVonEschenbach˭أǡŵڡGudrunʫ˭أǡᲮ¡ءNiebelungenliedʫ˭أŴƷһִǵķĹз˳ЩԶڹžɵĻ֮¡ϣҵƷҵ˷ͼоǶô΢졢ôģǣҪЩѵļȥؽҸӵʮƬճһ׵öࡣ׷ȥҲҵĴ͵УˣPolynesianĹӢĸҥУڲBushmen˵ĶѨڻУҪҵǧѵģֻѰֱܷĿһȺˡһСǴѧ⣬ֻĵڶ̬˵̬ȥΪǼȻܴҸԸȥ˵ƷԸֻܽͬʱͬƷĴʱһѧĵһʽѧģڶʽȴѧġ    
ѧʽĿ⣬Ѿо˺ܾˡһоǶȲϣAbbDubosڲͬʱڲͬΪʲôвͬ⣬1719дġʫͻ滭Ŀ족BflexionescritiquessurlaPeintureУѾʼоΪλ˵ҪԭӿЦǴΪִĻشҲûгĶ٣ѾѿѧġȲġʣһµʲһµʵڶȲԺİͣյ£HerderҲȳо⡣ܵõһѧĽɹˡУ˹ԺʫӰһ˼롣˼뷢չô죬ûйһʵһײվ׵Ľ綨ĹļֵΪֻΪܹ̼¼ϣĻҲûм顣ΪʱҪȽ̫Сһ㡣յϣѧΪѧЩ¹ˣȴΥ˼ѧĿ¥øˡ    
˺ѧģǺþ֮ڷֵġһʱ̩ɣTaineΪѧоѧĿˣĹۣʹʸ֮ʤǰˣֻʤĹ쳣ģʵȴʽϵֻʹģɱζѡ̩õĽۣǵһõеƷľܵϰɵһġLoeuvredartestdetermineparunensemblequiestltatgnraldelespritetdesmoeursenvironnantes⡰һν¶ȣtempraturemorale⾫¶ȵܹӰķչ¶ȣtempraturephysiqueܹӰֲȻھ¶ȵģԴƷÿһʱͬġЩУֻӦʱľ¶ȵķܹɾͣǿԴǷеĳбʾġ˾ͳΪʱߣȫȻʧܡķչҲȻ̭һ֧䡣ʹܵо¶ȣǾͿԿ¶֮ɴճɵӡ塢ʱҲ˵еĻܺ͡HennequinġѧCritiqueScientifiqueкıʾΪһб̩һħˣƵóȻŪļ⣬ǾԿɵĶ׫ٶһʣһҪһֵΪԶʣȴǲ׽ġʣ̩˵ǿҲҰ䣬ҲҵͬȡǹӰԸּ⡣̩ɶԼ˵ʣȻ¹ע⣬Ȼȴܿ϶Ķԣǲ¹ĳһʽ£ϴһ̶ܹӡҲͬӰƷǼʵɳв̣Chateaubriand͸ޱFlaubertڷͬһضεģ˹BurnsͿCarlyleոԭɯʿǡWycherleyѩShelleyBrowning˹ıSwinburne˹Dickensͻ֣KiplingӢеģգHallerMeyerգKellerͰؿ֣Boeckluinնʿģһ̩󵨵ϰաȺڵҲٶΪھȻ̭֮Ӱչġκ䣬һһҲкеһ¡˵ڵİ˷Ժ͸ߵĸԡһmilieuҲֲܸͬءС˵ҮFeuilletGoncourtZolaͶڣOhnetڶƪС˵аάHalvyΤնҡǵVilliersdelIsIeAdamʫ׿ݡҡLecontedelIsIeκףVerlaineɳSarcey̩ũRenanϷʿLabicheͰؿˣBecqueڻ滭пCabanelʿҡPuvisdeChavanneĦޣMoreauնRedon׷RaffaelliԼղHbertĵλпʿˣCesarFrankGounodŷҰͿˣOffonbach1Ȼģ̩ɺأʱԶضԿںеʵĳһ̶ȹȻҲŹڵָڴõĽ̵ȴࡣǼĹϵ̩ѧ˵ǡۡѵңBeethovenĽͬºάҲ˵֪ʶʺϵѵ£Goetheġʿ¡FaustҪʱеվֲĲ䵱̸ʵѵؿֵĻ滭Ǹʱ¹еĺϵ𣿲ÿһΰĴҪͶ϶ҪеĺСÿһΰңѡ澺бڹڵΰƷŮܹڶūЩʱĺѡСӵƷԼǲܹ̩ȥѧġһĹڵҲûС硢С˵νʱʤĴϷԺˣϷȥкжĴٽˡʵ̩ҪĳһʽĴ忪ЦûбȰȻ̭ӦݽϣпˡȻҲע⣬һŸĻĳһʽĻҲԷĳһʽٽ˱ֻǣһӰ첢кгڶҲ֤ĽչȫȻ̭֧䡣̩ɵĽ۵ɸݣǲɿġġ桱ļֵΣҲ֤̩ɵġѧǳƽ˼룬ſѧףΪѧķ򣬺ܴ󵨵Ѿѧ򽥴ռȥνоĵ͵Ĳ2ѧһļıʵвܲǿطԼĳɡ    
̩ɵУѧǺġһ˵ĿѧۣǺͺĿѧͬôģҲûʲôسѧʱѣGuyauȴѸһȥѧ3лĻ֮һлǶάϵͷչҪġ˼룬žѵۣŷǳĿڲŷġ˼棬յ¡ԵҲͺյһ֤öЩɳĽۣһҲĸоڿѧϣĸоǲģҪһֻܴӺܾᡢ걸оȥܵȷ֪ѵоβ˵걸ġоʱڿռ϶ûгӽΧǲ˵ļΪԵʣûͨȷԣֽ۵ȱٹĻʵȴܲףѱԼȱģϧо˸տʼоǸϾ͸ˡͺһز۵ģѧʹʧȥһλ    
ǵΧڵѧоɼʱǲܲЩоǷǳӵġѧоǷǳϡ٣һҰĺ޿ʵѧĺʱһĵȻǲԺϷԺչ϶ֳ󲿷ֵˣΪֻһνǲƷȻϾʱ飬ͲϷһжʵⲢûмֵۼ֣רʵʵʵˣΪĵ׷󣬺оϷһͷԹִˣûʲôֵʹֳɼûβƣѧһͰֿûмֵˡȻҪоǶϷΪǼӵһ򵥡׵Ȼѧڼɼ͹ۼѵ⣬ѵõѧڽ̡¡ɵȵʺͷչоϼȻиһָֹĿܣΪʲôʼоȴںڰأһشΪѧõȻһִķȻŲֵĲϵơѧҰһʼȷķġӦо򵥵̬ܹЩʺ֮ǰǲϣЩϸӵڽ̿ѧǴӷչߵӵƶоʼģҲǴӷ̡ػؽ̻̿ʼģǴҰڹֶħԭʼʼġȻڽоҲйһʱΪĳԭĴ룬ʹڽ̵ԭҲѧʢеĽѵһ˻ҵСǴǸʱһѧоתµ·ֻѧȴȻڹžɵ԰ǻĲţѧĲĻѧһȨġȱٵİģֻѧѧܵԭʼĴֱɵĲȻŲмһ˵̬ȡʱãʾȲܽӴī˺³˵ıȽоȦڡյҲѼ͹ڵʫ黨䡣̩ѼĲȻǰ˶ֻ࣬˵ŷĵطûƵġ̩ɵߺһϣǺ̩һģһġһѧʹǲõǺƽղͬһַΪڵѧԭʼ忴ΪһҪģѴѧļԼֵȴʮ͵ķϣ۹̩ɵĻҪСöࡣһСĻۣһձʵأһһķֳ۶ֻٵĲදоΪۻʲôֵأѧǰעķΧҲǹȤζģǣڹȥǣûпѧֵġȻûҪѧϹڷչʽоֵңЩߵʽѧںڽҪоĿġȻǸǲܷԽģֻʵȥҪӵײʵձȤںͽ͵ĺʹΪģǴҰ˵൥װοʼоҲһ˵ȤǻǲܲðաҪһҲᣬܱҪ󡣶Ȳͺյ¶ᵽѧķӦǷпԭģΪǸʱܲҵʵʱѧоŷ޵ΨһǾͲԭˡڲÿжѧĲݣвӵдͻͼⲿĸƷ֪ʶѧȴǹȻȻԸɣѲٲѧϵֲˡ    
ѧоӦչһмȥڴǰӵ壬Ӧüע⡣ıۣǶнעͬȨֿ֮£򲢲һʽʹѧߵõͬɹڵѧܽѵ⡣ܻĿѧ֪ʶһ죬һҪҰʺܹ֮ߵѧ֮ǰǱѧ˷һѧҪеǶԭʼԭʼоΪ˱ڴﵽĿģѧоӦʷʷǰʱоӦôѧ֡ʷǲԭʼġʱϣ˺٢Tacitusʱĵ¹˶ԭʼɹǲֵñġȻѧǵĹԭʼʽҲǺǵ˼롣ֻǿѧʾǵʷǰʱĻٵһƬϡЩʷǰʱƷʵǱʱƷԭʼԡΪҪȷǲѾҵԭʼʽǻоЩƷĻǿѧǵĻشȴǲȷжֻìܵġǶ˼ʮоʷǰĻ֮ǻ᲻ٶ෴ظȥΪʷǰʱĿѧֻѧһ˹ѡʷͿѧ޼µģֻܴѧȡȷ֪ʶѧ˺ִ·ĹҫԭʼʾǡȻѧķԾǲȫġоԭʼһѹؾǲϵѼȻڽʮѾ٣ȥҲͬĶࡣڰ˵ʫ裬ǻ൱ϤģǶ԰Ҳֻö׸裬估ˣFuegiansȴһҲҵԭʼ˵֪ĸ١һдǲܵõκθЩԭʼɵ¼ȴһĸΪԭʼ֣ϰ̣Ǽ׵ϵͳȥ¼ǵ֡о͵̵ˣȽĽϺһ㡣϶ѼڲԭѾʧٵģҲзƷԭʼúõذţҳ͸ĲҲǲоġڰĴղУǿԿ೤ľϽƺ͵ӡǺܲ׽ЩƵЩسװƷİľͶϵϰͼֱмȴʵһֺܻ½ЩϿ̻ŵһִƵ֡ĿҪæλˣסҪʹЩֻ̻ʵ壬ûֵϣǵ֪ʶѾ߳;ϣǻǴ֮кǣ˭ȷеظЩ޶ϵͼεȷװأǾǱȨļǺ𣿻Ҳֻڽ̵أԭʼĴ󲿷װƷԷʣý͵ģֻеһֲοĵ̣ܸѧĹȹ̵ĻأѣǺɻػԭʼĺѾ˵ڵͼоҪģֲòܺȷرǣͬЩѧһ˵ȫǸĸоɣһ˵оûʲôһˡ    
ҵǵĴûеܵѧѡһǶ༫˿ɵЩ˿ûĴĶˣЩɵĲϣҲ¶ѧûмֵˡͲǣPapuanľͷϵͷĵһĿҲڽ̵ҲһװεĵڶĿĴڡѡװεĶȻΪڽȤתƣԺͱƻͬĶһͼϺ£ȫܵӰ졣ǿ˵˶ϵͼǲƲǻ£ǲܾʹ֤ƷȻĻǺ˵ġΪʲôһҪԭʼ˲ܾǵıǺƳɺĿأִǶʱҲ֮⻹ġ磬Ŧ˵װλﲿִСȻǲƵģⲢΪǵرǷȱΪھġ¹ŴĴ׾ŰƷ䷶ΪǻͼħǸִͳʽϵġǵڽУҲҵ֮ͬ£ǲõһŦ˵ŵĶ۵ġҶ龳УһСֵװλǿԽëMaoriͼһȽоʹȽϣǷһŦ˶ȻȻϵııһǲгֵɣһĽۡ    
ѧȫӲĿѧĵλһһ򵥵ֻٵ֤ȫ֤ʲôֻн಻ͬʵһֱȽоܵõ൱ѧ׸ǵĲϴ벻ǴʵģΣѧˣѧҲһġÿһֿѧֻоһ棬ÿһȴŶ෽塣    
Ǽ˵ԭʼƷһ״̬ԣǾҪڶѵĹǾҪĸࡣڰֵѧԺMuseumfrVolkerkundeıУľƵţǰHaussaطĺõװιġǲٻִյSoudan˵ĸȫװΪĿġЩбʾһأǴ׾ᳶ棬ֻһִ𸴣λһֻľ档ʵϣţǺǵҲǻжŷֶġֶȱһʶС϶ӪӪǴʾŭһ˺׾ĻʹǸеЦ֤ںͬĻҲᷢͬЧ𣿶һŷ޺ӻʯϵһ󻭣ҪЦģλСҶǵЦȴеģΪ۹Уͼǲǻ̻ǺشһıʿǺ뵽λطĵ̼ңʹĹڰЧҲҪ鵽ͬ˸СȻǲҲܶ϶Ʒһ˺һŷЧǲͬġƺ˺ŷ˱ͬһⲻΪòͬ۾ȥ͵ԵʣΪűֹӰµ̵ԵʡһƷıһƬΡҵıֱйߵĸɣҪֻ֮µԴڡһܽƷˣһֻܽƷʾӡм䣬ƷܷЧǸͬġٸ˵һܹձˣŷ޵ƷһֲĻβͼۿῴһİԲмһų۵ӣõҫһ飬ǱҲܽϵʥԲ⣻˵ǰ棬һŮ˱һӤһȺƶӵˣű۹עĹȥվһȺ·ȴһ޶ԣˣһеĶܼɵıһǳǵձˡһܺͱ루KorinandHokusaiͬձˡһ֪ĶĿ֮⣬һ⡣ֻͣһʱܿЩ󣬲ܸһŷվֲʥǰʱܸеһΪŷҮգһǿͺظߵľͿϲ棬ǮƵ˼߱ܵˡҽһСӡΪʲôձ˲ܳŷ˵أǺһŷ˲ȫձ˵ͬһһƷֻܿǻ¶ģҲֻԵͬĻֱܵͬӡ󣻵Ƶܹõӡӡ־ձǳĴԭ򡣼ʹλŷ޵߶ձ֪ʶܹͶŷ޵һĶ࣬еͲǲҵġѵΪԼҵ϶ձǷǳ    
Ƕڸ߶ȷչŷ޺ͶǵΣŷ޵Ĳ˺Ͱ˹Ħ˵Ҳһġ٣ûɿܶ˵ǲԵġ˭һ˼˸ۣGreyӸڶGlenelgѨͼܹЩʲôأǳ˼ʹ˺ʹĺֵܴı֮⣬ʲôһˣ쳶RaphaelʥĸܿЩʲôأǿЩܴ׾ͼںͬһĻİӰ죬ʥӤҮյ۾عԶһѾ˵ǲ֪˵ͼ壬ڲ֪Ƿ塣֮£ѵܹ˵Ѿʶ˰˵Ʒ    
ǶǽġʫĲȱȫҲͼ͵֮£ԭʼʫǲȱȫסڰˣMan˵ǵһʫһ󲿷ֻȥġص֤    
ѶС⺣    
ҪȥׯӢΰĶӡ    
ӢΰĶӣ꣬    
ׯϵĶӣӢΰĶӣ    
ҵĸͷˣҪѪȾҵ촽    
׸һŷǼȫģԶǺ壻׸ɵܹƱˣMincopyһǿҵӡΪƱǿ׸˵ѪҾġ4ռ޶̸ߣڶ̸ϳƪעΪûֳƪעŷ˾Ͳ⡣˹ĦҲͬһֺܼԵʽǵĹºʹ˵ΪٶҶǹ¶ǺϤġ5    
ľ֮£ȷ׹ԭʼԭʼһȷȻɵģԭʼۣҵһ˵ȷ˽·ǲ˵˽һĻͲ˽ǸǺüƲȥںԼĻʽԶģѡûһʵʹΪ׽⼸޷ģʵԭʼĻȻԶģȴҲ򵥵ġͼ˼ȦӶѰխҪ˽һ³İܱ˽йЩȻǳĻҲǺڼ̤ȫȷĺס˵࣬ǵ϶谭ǵĿʹǰǴӸѼƶϺͽۣǲȫֲɿģͨЩûѧ֪ʶдġѧûвμѧӿѧȥϵͳĿĹûһʷ߻ʷЧѧ˹LaneFoxȥΪߺͷ׼һ׺ʵָϡ    
ʵѧվܷԭʼȥȻĻ⣬ǵĻɲܲһ㣬Ȼֻĳɼ𸴣еĵһγһܴ𸴵ġܹóεĳȥ˷ѣǺܴĴϣѧͬݵġڵۡǵĴ𰸲õļֵǵ⻹ļֵġⱾ飬ܹʹЩǷԴӾȴĹŴԭʼУȥѰȡֵ׷֪ʶĻо߾⣬ĿѾˡǵĽͣ˻ɺͲ飬ǸѧĴңΪлɺͲ飬ѾзչҪˡ    
1HennequinLaCritiquescientitiqueһһҳ    
2TainsPhilosophiedArt1865HistoiredelaLittratureAnglaiseEssais1858Preface.رеģֻ̩ɵ۵δ漰εʷʷϵĳɹǺġ    
3GuyauProblmesLArtaupointduvuesociologique    
4οϹڰ¡JournaloftheAnthropologicalInstituteʮһˡһҳƵĴͳ֮ء    
5BoasTheCentralEskimoAnnualReportoftheEskimoҳ        
Դ 
Ľ     
 ԭʼ   
ԴĻԴĵطʷĹԻֻյĳ;󼫶̵һΣʷܸԴĻԴʲôߡѧܸԭʼڵĹ⾰ҪѧҲŪԭʼʣһͨĸӾȷĶ塣κһѧ߶˵ԭʼ塱ȻκһѧʹʱܺһЩͬ˼˵ԭʼ塱ȫĻѧһģĸ֮һȻǹһ㣬Ҳ̫ŷ޵ļĻŹ⣬вʱΪԭʼ塱ġ1ѧкͨõġȻ塱NaturvoBlkerʣҲһһʹáԣһʣǵרĿǲõģʹĽ޼ԾȷĻҲǺ̫ġȷ֥WaitzõġȻ塱ʣǼָյطЩ֯ĺ˺ڿKalahariɳĮйƯĲ˵ģΪ嶼һȻ״̬СRatzelյطĺسΪ뿪壻Ȼ塱ʶ;Ծɺܹ㣬԰ĸĻĻ塣зԭʼɭйŴҰİ˲䣬ͼᶨֲܹ֯¬ZuluƽȵڡȻ塱ģܹ԰նҰĲǰˣPolynesiansҲǺ쳣İ˲ġʵһɣࣨSandwichľһ޵֮ĻϵĲɵҪһİݲ˺һŷ֮Ļöࡣǽݲ˵뿪ϸؽǺŷ˻ֿὫ˱Ϊ˵ͬࡣݲݵİţʱġһķҲ൱ļֵȡΪѧ۸ݣǾӦġֻʵķɵĶ״ΪĻʷеִѧĿѧ˵п    
ôʲôԭʼأ߻һ仰˵ʲôбȽϵͼĺӽԭʼʽĻأһҪʷѧѸǵĻʽųһչ̶ȸߵ͵Ĳ⡣Ǳע۵ĲһȺ⣬ǹĻ⣬ΪڹȥĻңΪѧģSomatologicolԵʡĻ׶εĹɣѧ⣬ѧûйϵġѧָֻϵĲ2Ǻ弫ͬġʾĳһĳһһӦĳһֵĻʽĻʽĲ֧ͬ䣬ĻʽͬĽȷЩĻʽӰǺ΢ģʹǶԭʼоҲҵµ֤    
һġԭʼԡ⣬͸Ļ̶ȵĸߵ⣬ͬҪġһĻʽĳ̶ȵĸߵͣʲô൱ȷĹ涨νĻ򵥵ʽҲһӵļӵ壬ЩӵĴٵΪֹǲʲôȷжġѴĻʽһȽϣҲѵôﵽǵĿġܱ֮һ򵥵Ļӣ׽ˡӣһӦǿ¿͹۶ҾȷĶģڶӦǺΪĻʽġʵϣ߱ĻֻһǾʽĳһἯȺ֧ȨеļͥãdomesticeconoAmyʽԼЩıȡƵ״̬ǿκδֱӹ۲൱ȷؾεɫġڰ˵ڽ̹ҲԶȷ֪ǵʣȴڴһɻ󡣰ߺֲɼߡҪֹ̽Ŵ³˵ľҲǲܵˣÿһֻ۾ܿӡ壨IncasũΪġֻǸʽͬʱ֤һľȫʽֵ̽ջҲһ١һҵֱȲ˼룬ԭµġǿŵĻѧҵϤȺҵȺȺͰӶũȺֻкĻʷܹסҵҪ塣ҵȻ͵ĹۣѵߵĹۡҵνһĻʽĻɵֿӰ죬˵֧⣬ȴĻӵӰ졣ǿ൱϶˵ʽĻ󣬺ȽһĻֻԵģҪġⲢ˵ЩڶԵֱӴǸ֦ģ˵ȻжĸԴǵγɺͷչȴռƵӵľ޴Ӱ졣ڽ̹ȷǴӾģǻǿԴռƵǸ״̬ȥ׷ͳϽڽʽԴ쳣Kaffir˶ھĸ磬ʽзֵεУȴȻʵϷֵƵķӳǷֵȴʱռƵǸźսͼȨҵĲûн̶֮֯ܵƯ޶УҲҵǶھȻȴܴмҳļι    
ȻҵĻϵ壬û׹ڼʷеġĸʽѧΪָļ裬ǰʽϵ죬̻⡣͵׶УÿԣģͲɼֲάǵԭʼʽͬʱֵģԭʼʽķֹԭԼķֹӸȥȡʳʱڹʳݸĲɼͳΪŮӵר龳֮¾ģƫӷ棬ԭʼʽļ壬ͳиȨʡԭʼ˶Ѫͳϵʲô⣬ʹû˳ѪͳϵʵϣǺͶŮм䣬ܾ˺ĵλ3͵Ľ׶УĽչַĽǲŮԷҲǲԷ֦֮еһ֦Ϊɣһ뿴ȺȻʹǵصļںر˲õֲغͱôŮԵҵͻֲᷢĲɼҲλֲࡣԭʼʽũ䣬ֲɸŮģҲڸŮһ档ǺܿһũΪҵԭʼУҵĸȨʽĸȨżļ塣УŮһҪߺߵʸȡ˼ͥĵĵλȻŮȨĸȨƶȣֻڲϮἯȺУżȻ龳֮£ӾͻԱ˵ʸָ߶ʧȥȨһֽڸȨĸȨ֮Эƶȣڴũҵм䡣ȻҲи徭˽ȻͬķչЩڲũҵصԲ䣬ǲԸıģעѱҰޣִݽְҵƺʲôطһӵרҵԷľƣּǿһЩֹϵɵĽʹ嶼ڸȨʽµʵбֳ֧λźǵʽصһӰ죬ߵơΪҪϵطչҳҪмȨʽľ֯ƵĲɱĽһ־ԵĸȨʽɣʽ£ŮͳΪȨūɷ˵רȨˡҪķչ򡪡ĸȨĺ͸Ȩġʼղв㣵ġĽȡͺսԸʱϺƽũҵھϵ׿Խ֯ʤũ»ǵĲƲȴѾȫᡣԺֻΪռص˷۶ΪԼˡǺܹ֤ǴȺũҵȺǿƵĽвġǵļͥʽУʹʵ֤ݡսʤĳһʱڣǿƺϰߵѹǿȱĸȨøȨƣִУٵرŸȨż4ʽڽ̡ԼĻٳֵľӰ죬ͬҲӰ쵽˵ΪֹֻѾõϣԺļоҪ֤֤Щ֤УǾͿԿͬԭʼʽǺ͸شͬԭʼʽӦġ    
νԭʼ壬ǾԭʼʽĲ䡣ԭʼķʽԺͲɼֲһнϸߵȵ壬йһʱڲʽһкЩССἯȺδԭʼʽǱעһЩἯȺԱʶЩҵԭʼʽ    
ǣǻƲһֵǰķ۵ǿΪԲеһֵͼĻʹ˶϶һһԭԭʼĻЩҲǱҰںǷűҰģǻ߲ͣڽϵ͵Ľ׶ϣɽϸߵĽ׶γȥģǵĻҲĶǲı֡һ˻󡪡޷õһֹĻչĽ۵ġ־ѷûܲ۵ǴǱбеһ﷢չġеһ֣ǽƶϣĽǣ಻Ǵ͵Ľ׶Ͽʼչģһе˶ͷ൱ĻֶΣֻЩõ˺ֵܳķչЩΪΪԭĻʧȴ۵ȻûпѧݵģҲÿѧоԲ⡣ּ⣬ȻǸԮȻȨڽһ֣һֽģôֻԸоԽӴʵĿѧ˲⣬ûİ취ˡ5ǣ۵Ҳʲô֮¶Ǵڽ̽ġҲȫʲôĻԺͲɼֲͷһ˵ڵȫһ֣ԭʼ壬һںѾǵĻĸ߼ϵȺ˻ᡣĿȻܷϣֻܷ֤ĳйΡʱȥּٶε֤ݣȴûʵʵԲҵ˹MartiusΪҰӡذˡﵽڴͬΣںڰ˸ֵָݺŽŪ˥˻˵ԭҰ壬ǺٵҰ״̬ġ6ȻԮ֤ʵ۱磬ִѾԲ˵κιѧߡö£GerlandΪ޵ĵ״ָ̬ĽϸĻܳ׵̬ȥоĻֻһѧߴ󶼲˽ġӡݡ7޷ȷʵ֤֤ʵ˻ٶһ浹ҵ෴ٶʵѧѾʾǿЩͼ壨һ壩Ļ裬ϸ֦ĩҲʾһԵһԣڸ߼䣬û̶ͬȵͬǵʵǺȻҲǺ˵ġΪܼ򵥶һɣܵõĻҲ͵ܼ򵥶һ¡˵˻ߵһȴǼѽ⡣Ϊɸ߼Ļȥģʲô˵ôܹͬرͬش಻ͬĻбͬĲأѧ˵ԺֲɼԭʼĻԭʼĴߵĻûɿԷϵġȻõġԭʼʣԵĶǾԵġ˵Ļν壬ҲѾʽǻѾܳʱڵķչˡԻǳΪԭʼ壬޷ΪǵĻҵĻԭʼ͵ģ֮ĽϽӽԭʼΣûб塣Ǵ˺оϸĻϸߵļȺֻȡΪȽ֮áһϣǵобЩΪũоԭʼֵͬĶѧƷġǺܻҪġվϵ˾޳ֻӷȴһţҵĲУǾܵõȷ֪ʶġ8    
רԼɼֲάƵĲ䣬ŷޣĸ½ҵ˵ЩŷֳʱǰʵѾȽϽļˡڷ޹ķԱϣڴ½вĻξ֪İ˲⣬ֻһвBusahmen壬ڿɳĮڽش䣬ǵƮֻڼͼҵ壬簣˹ĦˣEskimoˣAleuts估ˣFuegians壬ֲֻܼаеļˣпˣBotocudoȻһԭʼ״̬šޣֻаȺƱˣMincopiesŴȻԭʼĻ״̬δˣVeddahs˺ܶˣSinghaleseӰ졣Ǳ¹Ϊ˲첿䣨TschuktschisԼѪͳϵ䣬ѽʱڣֻһ½ŷ˵ֳ֮⣬ȫԭʼ磬ǾǰޣһʱλѧǾûǸżﻹһĻʽںܹĵϣطڳԶľбûĺڰˡֻڰ޵õоԭʼĻḻмֵĲϡ    
Ѿ˵ЩĻзǳһԡǶߣԶȹһƮ޶ǵҲֻǲصƬ淢չ磬ǿϣмֻа˹Ħ˻ĽΪ˹ĦǰѼεסΪĵһֻƱУгڵĴΨһΪӦҪѴﵽ߼ɵ׶Ρһ㣬ֻҪоٰ˹Ħ˵棬˵ľ˵ĶͿ֤⼸ϣȷǱȴ³ũʤһ㡣䣬˶ڹħĴǳ⣬νڽ̹Թֵܴﵽ̶ĳʽġǵļϵǰѾйԵǵ֯ѰͨеӶƽȵһȺͬżһʱ䣬λȨҲǼ޹涨̶ֲġη棬Ҳֻк΢ķչԵȺߵĹġ˵ὫԼһελġЩСڲϵսйԣϸ˵ֻԲѣܳΪ塣    
1ĿѧѧΣյ㣬ҲͲطȫĶУЩϳĿѧ۵ĲΣҲ˵һڡ    
2ûнңߵѧȨߵĶ϶ĽҲǺѵġ    
3һ˳ϣѪͳϵͼͥʵʽǻֹ۵㣬Ѻʣо˰˵Ժȴֿ޸ݡڸȨʽ˷İݲˣȴСĹ    
4ͥʷо֤ʵм˵ڱеȻֻ˵š    
5硡DieNaturvolkerߡSchueiderվ˵ģⱾһɳΪ׿ԽˡǱ𾴵ˬֱ̬˵ѧ׷ڽ̾ʵ⻰˵ʵںˬᶨزϱʱ޷ġ    
6MartiusġBertrageZurEthnographieundSprachenkundeAmerikasһҳ    
7WaitzGerlandġAhthropologiederNaturvolker߾ҳ    
8ˣLubbockʷǰʱ桢ΪͶˣHottentotsδˣVeddahsˡˡ˹ˣTasmanians֧ˣFijiIslandersëˣMaorisϣˣTahitiansˣTongansӡڰˡӡڰˣParaguayIndiansˣPatagoniansԼ估˶Ұˡڼоַҵļʵźܴʧȥŵ˵͹ڼʷ˹˲ʿDrWestermarkʷ׶1891꣩棬ҲЩпࣨBotocudoˡ˹ˣQueenslanders²еˡˡĦˣSamoansԼ׼ˣTuaregsĳһ֤ԭʼʱάּͥɷ񣨼ԭһҳ¡        
Դ 
Ľ     
    
һλҪȥòߣĿĵصƺó̷ĸûһǴһͷߴġǿʼԼо֮ǰҪעȥоǸʣһ֪ͨʶʲô⣬ȵڻδʼоս֮󣬲ܵõжĴ𰸡Ǵӿͷʹи˵ֻΪҪһ֪ʶоսʱҲò˵һֺش޸ء    
Ҫ̽ı⡣һֳ׵оӦôʵֿ̽ʼġѧȻҪȥһ󣬵ȥһ󣬲˵ͿһкһʱѧͿΪʱѧ۵ı֣ѧһ㣬˵ڲʮ͵עʣְŸԼı׼ȥƷʮ͵һϸߵĹ۵ΪָĽǺģԶÿҪܾΡǶִʫĵһҪҪл⣬ͬʱǶͼҲҪʫ⣬ζ֮ڵƷǰܵĴһĹ̷ǰܵĴһֿ̬ȣȻֵ͵ģղܲɣǼעʣĽǷǿܵġ    
ȻݾʽѧϰõķͨĶϸܵоǵջ񣬾ܱȾʽѧĶõĸԭǵĶͽһڽ֮󣬿̱νĻĻĹлֱӽУһءߵдġһĿģҪﵽĿģʹõһֶΡһϿֵǡǡͳǵֶõʵʻ෴ŵɣMarathonطԲ˹˽һʵʵĻǾʤףʱǵװ裬ȴĻʵʻ֮ģϷĹʽϷĲ֮ͬΪʵʻһ׷һĿģϷʵʻȴΪҲأֻǽעػıע޹ؽҪĿġҪһĿȻʵʻϷĹϵǿһּ򵥵ķһæֱʾʵʻʾϷԲȦʾѾ˵ֱӵõ֣ԡֿ֣ǿԴӹеõҲԴӻĽеõ˵Ŀޱcorroborry裬ʱԼĽ˶鵽һֿ֣ͷһַʽһ֤ǰͿ壬Чܲڶֶǵڶַʽһ֤    
ַʽһӡڳ̬֮¡Щ»ǿУںҲԴҹںڵЧżȻ޹ؽҪģεġҴ´ΪԼҲΪˣ˵ĴĿȫڸжˣ۵õʽʵȡڹڵġȻ˵صνڣʵϵĹڣֻĹڡһƷںռĵλͬҪġֶMillʫԶû뵽ʫĶߣһ1ʵǡǡ෴ûжߣʫǾʫġϸ˵˵⼸֣óȴܼ֤ʵ2ʲôʱʲô壬һı֣ʹǼ򵥵˵󣬾̻᲻˽ԭʺ塣Ѿ˵оУǽҪרоỷϵҪЩԭʼһܡⲢ´ļ⣬Ŷձģֻ⡣ڹǼ֪⻹ļ⣬٣ŴߣǰҵġֻдӽĸŻּȲΨһģҲġ    
ǱԸо˳ˡⴿһʵʵ⡣ԣΪǵĿģѡ˻ӭ෨ȥʲô⡣    
ͨΪͶࡣǼĲɣFechner¹ܾȷĶ壺ǰһǾ̬ȥеģһǾ̬תʽȥеģǰǽžıλҵĿģ˶ʱıǨҵĿġ3ҪӾͨνʼǵоԭʼʽ²Ƕĵ̶װΣװεӦãȴϡҪоԭʼװΡȻҰĲ䣬ҲװΪ㣬ǻװǵþߺԵڶҪоߵװꡣҪصоĻ滭͵̵ԭʼƷ˵ҪожĻ滭͵̣ΪװĿĵװĲƷ赸ǿԿǻĵ̣ǴӾ֮һɡǽҪȳȥоΪ赸ԭʼмĶҽĻ壬Ļмûеģо赸оܼǶֵ֪ʶĻĽϵͽ׶У赸ʱͳһҲҪоʫ裬ǱܹϤܹʫԭʼʽʫĻԡҲоԭʼ֡Щ֮ǵоѾɣԺֻҪЩоһԱһͺˡ    
1һеʫʽġʫֵԣʫ˶ڶߵĴڵȫ޸оThoughtsonPoetryanditsVariousDissertationsandDiscussionsһһҳ    
2ڼƷҶרΪ߱˿ģҲΪǵ˵֤ȻⲢ֤ʲôһһֱ̬±УǾ˵ǳ̬ġڶǴͷʹֻġڼõ֣˸һǰסǸỷɵġ    
3FechnerVorschulederAesthetikҳ        
Դ 
Ľ     
 װ   
Ľһκ첼͸һ估ˣ˲ѲΪŶͬ齫˺ϸڶ֫浱װƷΪǳ֡ʵΪ估еġڿɳĮڰɭͬ£ҲԿͺɶHornһΡЩûܱĴŲı⣬һװܱȴŸע⣬ḻЩԸ壬ȴۣԭǿˣCookרָ估˵Ļ⻰Ӧõˡ˱ˡ˺пȥҲǷǳȷġЩרͨ׵ĿѧԸĻΰɾ͵ʷߣ߳⴩źװβƵʵΪЩӵҰ˷ҲֱܷȤӡ֤ʵ֤ĴҰһдֻǸ߸ĳմӣôôܹ⣬ͺˣΪӦΪߵȶһȱǵΣյǰ֮ˡԼҪ׵ǲþõġЩȱװιԭʼ壬ʱи߼ĵ跨ǣȴ˼ǧˡԣ֪ԭʼ岻ӦмȥȨأֻʷҲֱ֪˷ѣҲԭʼװΣʮʵģֻǶ˷ѵĶգҰıװλǵı·ա    
ǣܹ̽ԭʼװε֮ǰǱʹԼʶԭʼװΡԭʼװΣһǹ̶ģһǻġǽһõĻװΣ磺ۣscarificationƣtattooingǡȵȣڹ̶һװװֻʱϵȥһЩƷаԭʼΪӧ׹֮ࡣرӦöԻװӵһʽȼоΪһǵļ⣬شװεԭʼʽģڶȻĳ̶ֹװϵġ    
ϰߣڵͼĻΪձ顣ֻЩòǵȫڱڹʱò˵İ˹Ħûϰߡ    
ʱĴƤƳɵŰѺͺɫɫĿճֻҪڼձߡϺͷϼʾ͹ˣڽڣҪͿȫ1Ҫ¹ʶرɫͿ£ڰǴûеġ꣬ھףϣһνܺɫɫĻʱǱͬ˻ӭȥˡ2μףĳҲͬǱļúɫͰɫͿֲͬͼӳȥμսʱǾøɫͿĨ塣õɫɸʿԼȺѡȴǸݴ˽Ĺ¼ѡġǵİŷͼȴԼ˼3νɣHodgkinsonmacleayӿǸսһȫúɫͿ塣4ʵϣĲ䶼ԺɫΪսɫֻбʿðɫ5˵ĻԲμʱΪķɶȣLumholtz˵˹£QueenslandǵʱúֵػȫͿĨ壬Ҳʱ֬ͺ̿Ϳȫǵ廹Ƶġ6Ȼͨǰɫͼġ˹ThomasڹһάǾеʢĿޱļ˵赸ߵۿðɫԲȦΧţڱԱ߻Űɫƣǰϻƽеϸϵ״һļƻ7ȫ޵Ŀޱᣬ赸߳ͿŰɫɫڰ͵ΣpaltiУǼú졢ɫڱ̨⣨pidekuУĦأMoorundeúװΡСͧУðճͺװΡ8޼úɫͿʾҲɫʾ˳ˣNarrinyeriúɫװʬ9ַкܹ㣬ΪHEMeyerڶѣEncounterҲڱޣٸʬҪͿʵģͿ֮ͿɱܾΪƷ10ɥеͿƶȣȫ½ͨС˺ŷõɥɫǼɫһ硣ɫŷúɥɫİðɥװЩŮ˳˴ñ֮⻹ȫͿףȴֻ沿ͱͿɫ11Ѿ˵ɥװͨеǰɫǱɫҲ˲áϿKingGeorgesSoundǰ޹ǵչǣͿŰ׵ͺڵ㣬ڴˣDyeriУɥȫͿź㡢׵㡣Ѿ֤ɫȫʩõģмǲġSchuermannļУɫΪѪõģɫΪõġ    
ЩѾ˹˵ĻͰ˵ĻڱϲûвͬĻͬıһϵͬǲΪģھԶİҲҵͿͬһȴеˡǽҪֻƱ˺Ͱ֮ͬеһֶѡǱע⣬вҪһѧ׷ĴΪЩ֮㣬ɱ˵ΪԶ壬ԭʼʱԭйϵģ˺Ͱ˼Ļк֮ܶͬͬ˵ĸӣϸ֦ĩҲͬǺܲ׽ǷչĲȫԶġƱ˶ͿʣɫʹõķҪбһڷɥҪȥ12ǡǡͰ޵Ůû˶ķ෴ƱûŮԵķֱġֻδһƣǾǲ׼ǻõɫеĵһɫһɫˮܺͿȫǱʾ߰ġ˺ͰһҲڷɥڼһرɥññʱҲһʵã磬ԺʱǿԴñӡڶɫǴ׵࣬ǰ߲ͬרΪװΡŮǣõڶָͷպɫ˫ϡϺ֫ͿֱͼΣȥᡣչĻɫʣҲΪװεĿõġʱȻҲЩƼûһĴ˵ƵƤֹ档װõĻͼ棬ΪЩɫޣֻ׾ֱߵľεߡҲڰһʱϲõɫȥװΣʬûɫĿͿĨ13    
˵ĻܻһȫúɫͿĨǵë    
估ҲԷֵɫͼɫڴ˵Ҳܻӭģ֮⣬Ҳҵɫİɫ˵۾ΧͨǰɫģúɫͺɫĴֱװΡ˵ˣúɫĽͿǵȫ14ĦδGiacomoBeveһͨͼĽȷı˵ǳòͬɫϻߣڼϺͱϻߣϼϻͼ15    
п˻ɫ估˵΢һ㡣ûаɫֲʵĺɫɫɫȴʩõúܵ÷ά˵ڼϴȥĺɫͿڿڲϵϣʹǵԵ׶ǳǰ󡢽Լ׹Сȵǲ⣬ͨȫͿڣȲδͿ沿ֺͿ沿֮䣬һɫҲнֱΪ룬һ뱣űĿһͿɺɫģֻͿʺɫġмֻҵɫȫͿ⣬ǻͿ沿ϣһ߾ֱһʣӡ16ֻϧλӣһҲûᵽͼ塣    
ģɵؿԵõһۣԭʼĻҪĿΪۣһװΣЩ˵ģһԭʼ17ȴѧĹ۵ȥоȫġ    
ԭʼõɫĿࡣõĻУҲõϣ֮УõĻֻһ֣ǾǺɫ    
ɫǳȺɫһе嶼ϲģԭʼҲͬϲֻҪ쿴ǵСͿɫİ񻹺ٸı䡣ÿһˮʻϻУװɰĹÿյġһӶĳһɫʾرϲʱһǲõĺɫԳ˶ִۣ˵ɫǷǳ˥ǻȴȻܹеɫˡġɫۡFarbenlehreг޳ȺɫޱȵȻǱʾһӡ18ʲôʱװϣԵװϣɫռżҪĵλʤĽúɫͿϰߣѺ͹ţֱΪֹɫջʱеɫ19ڳ֮ŷ޵ľװȻŹĺɫɫǿЧڸɫֱӡֻĳ뻽ģʵһʡںɫĸоǺġÿһС֪ţͻ𼦿˺ɫĲ쳣˷ܵĸ飬ÿһѧߣβɫӲƤۼĺڣڽβڼ为ڱϵĳȺɫڵʵܹ۵úɫʾڶȻӡֵʵ֤ɫУǸֱӡġȻһ棬ֱӡЧŸǿҵӣҲġԭʼһ龳ĶЩǺѪɫԻսȳУ˵Ǹ˷ʱѪɫġڶԭһйʩúɫ붼ᷢЧġͽǶ˷εȡǣЩ龳ܴڣɫĲϲ洦ɵãͼĻ׶УɫʹҲܴձ顣ţԭʼõĺɫɱ˵ѪǱʲô˺ŵװζúʯ20ֿʯǵܶģЩûдĲ䣬ͨҲͨ׶õ޵ĴΪҪǺɫϵĹü֮õԶҲӺɫһ֤һʵɫԭʼ廭ϰռƣѾԺԵĿɫļֵȻԣȻҪһڽļٶ˵;ˡ21    
ɫҲͬʣҲͬ˰áڰϣɫǡǡ˺ɫĵλƱ˵ûɫǺͰúɫȫͬġ22˵ʩûɫװǺúɫͬȵġɫϷõһЩⲢΪӻɫΪƿȱҵԶĵطҲҲˡ估ˡп˵Ĳû»һɡٶڲˣȷʶɫģҲûɫˢǽڡȻǷûɫһΪ˻ɫǵĻɫԳԵʡп˺估ˣΪɫ֣ɫҲܻƣǺɿԲǵĽǻɫҲΪԵʡ    
ɫڻɫѡӰ죬˵ɫʱ͸ˡԭʼĻϣɫٺͺɫõһָֻ࣬ڵİ˺Ʊ˶˵ġڵɫּ䣬ȫȻðɫ估һֻðɫӴҪλɫͻɫרΪװõģɫһ塣ҪװĿϵʡ˺ƱȥʱðϻߣǺɵģΪûɫܹʹ¶˽ȻˣͬʱҲûһɫܹǵĺɫɹԵĶˡϲԼĺɫǺͰϲԼɫһġ˺Ʊ˵İҲǺ޿ɿɣRococoʱĸŮǷ۰֬ļϺɫΣblackbeautypatchԭʼʽͬŷ޵Ŀߣ赸İɫͿΪһֿõװΣġBulmerΪ޵ĿޱߣҪԼ״ذɿɲÿ߹ϻһɫĺǵϡϺϻϰӪҡ¿Щá23ʱдĹƵĿɲӡǷ赸߱ϻǵǷҲܾǺܿɵġŷ˵Ŀֲĳɵһӡġң⵱֤󡪡ΪڳİˣǺͶŷһɱ⣬һʵϣȴܼٶ֮ڰˣŷظӦ24ڻδܷ෴ʵ֮ǰǵֺҪԽࡢ̵Ľ͡˵ġޱ裬С賡ͨл¹ҫţôİЩɫ赸ߵĶûҫ۵ƵİͲǻƵĳΪġãΪϵҪ֡ǰɫڰ˺ƱУֿΪǡ෴ıǡɥµĺֵĻڷֱ档ڰϣΪֵĻͼΪɥǵĻֻˮӵͿĨ޵赸ߵĻҲֵͼɥ£ȴЩ䲻ͼҲЩ滭ֿԱɥߺ֮ĵλ͹ϵͼ25˺ƱΪʲôҪðɫΪɥǵɫأǿɥǵĻԺ󣬾ͻȫΪҪʹ˲ùʶ26Լ˹ѣJoest˵ϰҲ׷ݵ޶ȥΪҪıƺô˾һƽղùߵɫýйʶԼ˹ѵĽȫǼٶҲ൱ĿԣڲȷĽ֮ǰҲԽ    
ķɶ˵˹˳̿۰ͿϣǺ󻹲ƵģģڵܾԼڣɫĸŮòһҲЩ׾Ҫ÷ۻӰ׵Ȥһڵ̿Ǻڵʱ˳ϣŷҲϣڰ޵ĲеĺɫͿΣõĸӦǲ졣Щ߳ЩƵƤȻɫͿԻɫ˺ͺɫ˵ǲͬġɫ˵ļֵǺͰɫ԰˵ļֵƵġҪʩһֺƤʹƤϵͼȻرԳɫ    
ԭʼ廭ʱõɫѵõ൱ֵı棬ͼ֪ʶȴǷǳȱ꾡ģӦúܸлάӣĹп˵Ƿëǰһ⡣̸ԭʼͼˣ˵䡰õġġǷġһĻΪǵ˵ǹֵˡֻڻ滭ƬУʱҲ˵ýסȫһЩ龳֮£Щͼʾȷеδ̫ܶˡ    
ԭʼͼɸ˴أֻǴһģġأʾġռҪĵλǺܳġһԭʼжͼǺеģװϡ滭ϻ϶λԭʼġճ¼ͼоþߵװ꣬׷˵ơϵװΣǵĻͼ·ȫġġĻ滭Լ޵ģǺԭʼĳһͬߵı񣬶ϲġȥԶġַһȷǱһֶͿʵʵأHowittڹڼʿGipslandطʽļУļ̸ǣbullerawrengðճںߣjerryale軭ѼƵͼÿ˫۾ΧһԲȦڼչǻüëϺửһߡ27ȻҲΪһеͼ⣬һģ¡ɥ»ڴ龳ֻﵽʹɥߵĿʶĿģûĳͼпսʿǣɫʱҲҪġȻ󣬶ֻҪʹԼΪرŹֵӣԱ˵Ŀֲѡ    
û滭װ壬һصȱǾǲܳ־áһȻһֿԾõķӡͼסȫĵͼĻ׶ϣҵַǄۣscarificationʹƣtattooingַڸּķֲҲŲͬķɫġɫĲ˺ͭɫİ˹Ħʵдƣɫİ˺ƱÄۡ    
ڄ۵ʣʱʾúܳˡʯǻԭʼСڸļҸԱ㄰˵ĵطºںڷϳϵɫĸڰޣм䣬ΪҪЩۣʱͿһЩ28ڰ޵ı˴ĳֲĽ֭29ʩЄĲλͬЩЄ۴󲿷ֻڱϣЩУϡظϡڸϡȽτͬõģӱŮõøЩǵͼףе㡢ߡֱߣֱبظ30˹TorresϿڽϴźܺ΄ۣͼϿŷ˵ļ¡۵ʩУǱʾʽһ֡Ҫھʽʱһֹȴδ̫ʹ̫ƣһ㣻քڲͬͷ½УԳ˵ϣǿͼġ˹ˣķɶ˵ʾһֵȼĲ𣬶ֵȼȴŵġͯĳһڣǲװεģĳһʱ򣬾ظϡǸϻϼʮֲ档ֽӣȵСʱ򣬾ǵΧϰε31ڰ޵Ķϲ׶βͬĄ۾ͿøĲͬݣһ˵Ą۹׶Ρ32    
˹ƺҲֺʹĄ˵ϺϵߣάˣPonwickЩ򵥵ĄΪεĄۡ⣬ڸŮĸԲεĄۡ33۵ķϰڸ䶼ձУڰȺУŮԼ䶼ͨСװεĿʼɣ˱֮ҪһЩʩЄĶͯǷǳ٣ʮʮϣһҪɡҲƵҪڿʼʱرʽ˱䣬ĶŮһ׶ʯƬʩС۴ڱϡϡϡϡÍϡֱͽűϡڱϵƣŮ˄Ѷֵġ۵ͼ׺ܼ򵥣䶼ж̵ƽߺʹֱߣЩƶǳŵģֻǴЩŵķĿڼ֮е㲻ͬѡ34    
һŷ˳οÄװεİ˻Ʊˣһń۵ĿĹΪװΣΪʵǲɰġɼһτ۵ڽװ壬Ǻ˽ġӵּǸö£ΪۺʹƶǱʾѾԼ׸ΪеıǺ35    
ǵΣȻҪ﷢һĄۺʹƵ壬ֻҪоһ⣬Ǿǣ͵ĻУڰ޺ͰȺǺڽ̵ػ壿öһ˵ڣҵһļ֤Ǵ˵˵һф۵̸֮󣬾ͱһ󡣡36ǲ֪´жö㣬ʵʲôҲû˵һû˵ֻ˵һڶҲû˵۵塣Ϊ½ķ˹鹦ĳһǾͱք۵ļʼʱһڽ̵壬ôǿиڽȼ¼ϣΪһ˵ŰĴ˵˵ּǳȻ񽻸ġڰ˼Ҳһֹڄԭʼ񻰡ǡ⣨MaiaDukuτƳ˺۵ĵһˣƺƱ˵ӣTomoͬһˡһ죬ڲʱһ֧ǼûĿȴһӲӲǵһαΪԼһ֧ü̴֮߳    
˭ܹɱң    
Ѿ̴̹ˣѾ̴̹ˣ37    
˿ɼ˵ܸöµ֤İʵȰ޵Ĵ˵ҪЩ⴫˵ļȷҲǹֻǵһƱˣ⴫˵ûаʾÄ۰ıϡڸʾĄ۵ĻȻĽͣ˵һ̈́۵ʹǲپµ˵ġʵϡƱҲÄΪԸʹԵġֶεġ38öִֽЄʱʢ֤ʵԼ֤ڰ˼䲢ᣬڰ˼ߵڽҲЩ֪ʽ˵ʽʾǼֻѼѡΪʲôҪʽн܄۵ʵһֶֺȻ˵µִҪĿģһҪ޳˵һҪһֲĥı֤Ĳϵö²ûзϡǲͼıǣȴ˵ԭڽ̱ǵֱӽ39ǱǶ۵һҲáһȻѡ񼸸ڽ̵ıǣǸö»˶֤һеĲ䶼ѡɡΪһʵǡPerron˹˵ķĹҵһЩõֱеĴƵıǣö¾һۣΪһ¼ҲǴԭǱʾıǵһ֤40֤ʵǺܹŹֵģһΪʲôһڽ̵Ͳ˵ķĹأû֤ģڶΪ˹˵ģ̵ģ߶Ϊ˴ǵıһģܶϡڵͼڸöµļٶ֤Ȼ˵ıͬʱԵķļٶ֤ȴȱ١Ѿ˵ǸöԼҲЩۡǲıǣͬʱҲЩ԰˵۲רŵǵۡЩ˲һµΪһֵĄǲıǡ41ڸ龳УЩͬʱҲԾһڽ̵壬ûκ֤ö¶Ѽ֤ǰѰ˺Ʊ˵ĄΪװӵһҲǻԵġһıǺڽ̵ͬʱҲװεʵ֮⣬أȷһµضԣмքۻȺǲıǣȷиĄǾдװġ۲ȫʵͿ֤۵εǿˡ42УѽĄۺװεĄ֮Ĺϵȷָʾ磬ܣWilhelmiֿϸ۵ʽдоͺذڼϺ;ϵĲǴزͱϵġרΪװΡͼзֱ43˹ҲһķɶдǵĲ֮˵Щȼı֮⣬ҲȫΪװεƣжߡֱߡƽһԴԵؿϣֻ˺Ȭ֮󣬄ڱϸֵòڱϼϸ˵ҲУҴûпϸ˵ġֻŸƣŮǲ׼ģΪǲŮӦװ̫ԶϡϡϵĺټƣҲֻΪ㣬ǶӦõװηǳӣԱǳۣΪ˴ȴܿࡣ44˹µĸŮΨһѳһܲпϰ׵ˣӰEyre˵ϷۿһûرʽŮִе£ͿԿ˵ǿµʹ࣬ŮȴһԼֱǣΪһۺܵıΪǵġ˹˹BroughSmythΪĹԤɿĲۺ˵ҲǲıǣǵԸʹ࣬Ϊ˴Եʡ45ƱסӺܾã˵۵װΡ46ЩʵֻԼʾתѧ׷ǳͨĸöǲ᲻֪ģƫƫֶǲŵģΪԭ⣬˳ʱ֮ԼҲˡ47ĸı䣬ҲǿܵġǵⲢǷܣǷ£ΪѾʵ֤ݣǲΪҪʺڶйɵܶϣֱӿ϶档    
Ѿ˵һŷ˺޺Ʊ˶ǵеĿСǶװεĺУڶ̶̵ʱҲдĸıģǴ̾һʱִŮķ˽ŵ˼װ磬ڿЩԭʼװһΪԭʼмì˼ٶЩ۵ܰͣڱȫԵıǣǲŮҲһ¸ңŮ˵ĄȴҲӵʵ֤ܿǵԽʹҲΪ˄۱ֵңһŷ˿˸չ壬ǰͿˣBakubaͰ¬ˣBalubaǺɫƤ̻ӵϸµĻʱҲܹеЩ۵ġڰ޺ͰȺͼ̫塢̫ªʤǵģҲѾܿϳӰЩߺ͵㣬߰ȫģʾҪ뽫ǰŵֶֽԳƵŬֻϧڸͼһҲסҲԸöٶĄǴ֤ݣҲҲ޳ٶ֤ݡ    
ʵֻɫ䷢֣ΪֻǰɫƤϲԸֳΪͬɣҲֻЩƤɫǳ䡣͵Ļ׶ϣ˺Ͱ˹Ħ˶ôơƵķһɫͨϸۣ̿Ƥ£ȵ׹ǶĻƣԳһɫƿۼľϸҷḻķϻƣҾЩ䣬رձ˼䣬ҲʩУֻԲĴƵ񻹲ԭʼĄʤһ㡣    
˵ĴͼǺƱ˵Ĵͼһ򵥡ᣨFariniӣڼϡϡϣм̶ֱߣάɣVichowڰ˸˵飬õҲȫЩƽгеߡ48ǵ壬ڻһҲ֪ڰ˹Ħ˼߲˵ǵĸŮ䣬ҵչϸߵĴƣֵģڱطԵȨȴŮԵص䡣ŮһʩƣһּĹߣڲPolynesiaһִͨƤµߡúҲûҩִͨϡϡϡϺϡа˹BoasһЩͼдУԿƵĴǺٱ仯ġ49ǰüϼбεߣߴӱչ˫գδ´ߵ򦡣ȫһģ˺ӡϺϵͼһЩƽеߺһЩеĵӣʱмǶžε߻ŵСΡǲ֪ͼʲô˼ΣҲȻġһִ塣50Ѿȷװ˹ĦԴΪװεġʿCranzġGreenlandʷ˵ĸŮСʱΪǴƣ²ǻòɷ򡣡ļ⣬Ͱķ˹¡Armstrong˵ͬͼҲֲ͵λĲͬûгͻ˵ЩȺУЩµȵĸŮָƶֻмһֱߣбߣеĸŮӿڽǹֱߡ51ǶãŷޣҲװȼıǵģΪǵȼʧΪװΡڰ˹Ħ˵ڽ壬йڽ壬ȴл̵ʵУִʱûʽҲһ֤ݡ    
ۺоԭʼۺʹƵĽЩʱıǣҲʱνڽ壬һ򵥵֤Ҳûеõڴ£ۺʹȴΪװΡûʲôָװεıǱıòԭʼһЩһҪ϶ֹһ־ȵĻǵǲ᲻װΡϲװΣҲǿҵҲڽɲ˼֮ǰкܾˡܾװαġ¶ɲǵ˵ҪвǾû併Ϊװαǵ˵ȻЩңûʲôܹ赲ǲ¶ֱԭǸԶչġ    
п˺估ˣ֪Ҳ֪ơȴпҵһõװΣкܹ㣬Ҳúɵġ촽ϺͶϵ˨botoqueǲƾʹһСͨߡʱͿʼֵװΡ52´ͶϴťģĿһֺľ˨װȥ֮üϴһ˨ȥЩС˨ֹУֱõӢֱ˨ʱΪֹ53п˵Ĵ˨Ͷ˨ֻΪǹȵĴ󣬾ͳΪǵص㣬ҲһıǡڵĿЩ˨ǷװΡп˵۹Щ˨ܲŷ˵۹ĿǾֲֵװ硣ҲΪϰߵľ̼˨ǲ̫ѿҲ˨ԭΪΪڱˡˡһָӦۣʱп˲˨ĿװΣҲڵŷһֻǺͲһӰ죬ͱװˡһ棬ǼֵҲܹ֤ߵ⾳أ˨ͲԵװΣΪ˨òʹرԼѡһеĽ˵ǿܵģȷ֪һʵп˶ǵ˨Ϊٵģܾŷ˵ĳЦҲǶڴϲ    
Ѿ˵˨п˵Ȩ޵ಿ䣬ַϰҲкܹĴڴصıڰ˹Ħ˼䣬ҲԷַϰĴڡ54ǵŮôƣǵȴҲһͬʹķװԼ´ڽǶףÿһжŷ޵ťƵĹƬǡʯӡľƬȥǴڵֱҲֻжëôӵķ֮Ӣô޷أBancroft55Ϊװ൱ҪģΪڴʱܾһڽף䡣ϧǲܵõʽͿɿرء    
ĻװΣ䣬Ǿ޽ġ估ƱǵĿڴϡϻϣװΣȴͭƻƵĻӹڶϣˣмİˣͨǿ׵иһľƬڽգ֦ë56ۺӣMurrayεĸŮmǵɵıǻ57̈́һҲʹꡰΪˡʽеһ֡ڼʿ˼䣬˭ıûװΣ˭Ҫܿµ췣58˾½ۣ˵˵ıװǸصڽģΪʲô϶Բ˳߼Գͽַ֤Ҳһܽı񡰻ΪΪȡ˺Ů˺֮áľıκȷĽ͡59    
ڹ̶װεоԭʼʤԼԼģڷװεоԭʼҲиáʾܿ衣ĵѼһΪװƷĶģϸشϰǺϰ෴ġǿǣʵǽռһﶼϣҲǰϿԴװεĲֶװġضѣLippertʷһȷеװβֵѡȫʵʲġ˵װεĲ֣֧Ųֵ棬ȻС˵Ĳ֡Щ֣λͻĹǺͶĲ֧֮ϵǰ޽ǣλس֧֮ϵλͻβ֮ϵڽŲλ׹ϵĲ֣֫λڹϵָһֱȽװε٣Щ֡ЩֶҰװεĵطЩطԱѡΪ嵱һĹ͵ĽҲǿЩǸĽֻΪЩط֧    
Σ۵ֵ֧˵Ǵӻװν̶װεĹ̬Ȼⲻԭʼ侭װΡȻڷ޺ʹ޵ũ䣬ͷװεѾﵽ˺ܴ󵨵ĻķչĳɾȴǼ΢СовװεġЩ估˳ǴֺڵͷʱҲڶǰļ޼ȴĹ֧ǣΪеʵɡп˵Ůԣǵ˨֮⣬Ȼ÷ǵĲǣҲûжװμֵͷ­ΧɻָͷĹȦֻʣһͷͷ档ǲȷ֪ΪʲôʽװΡͬķأȻҲڸúԶƱм䡣ڰϣֻдطȫˡΪڸŮֻʣ縴ӶϹҵϵͷȫͷ⡣60ŲװΣŮڴλһڱ䣬귢˵ġ61˹Ħ˵෢УֻкȤġ62Ůķװɵܹ൱עķΡа˹дǶԸ嶼õģ˵ŮԼַǵͷַǶͷͷֿһַǽ󲿵ͷһ٣ͷĺ棬ߺܽྻشһᡣϵͷɱӣڶϣٺͺһһ𡣵ڶַǽ޷Сٹڶ£ͭڶ档63ڲҲҵ귢ˣ귢Ůˡ٣ǵŮԶúɫĿ֬ͺܺͿͷϣٽͷͷϣһñһˣҲϳͷϡı裬СϵòһӢ糤Աڷҽβ͡ťԼƵ64ȫۣͷϡٵ£ηչһ̶ȣѾܲ˵Ǻܷˡ    
Ȼǵ׻ϰװǾͷֶʽ˵ġ롱Frisuresԭʼߵĳɾ͡޵Ů˶ǵĺڷ估һţǵ˹귢ȴѺܶͿװǵͷڽաһúɫͿĨͷķϰȫ޶УװҲ˹ǵ˻ӭЩʱú֬ͽͷͿô񣬼Ϊıӡ˹ˣֻͿͷϣʹͷչ⡣65ΪĲϣܹɺװΡǽճͷٲë̦ޡзצճһЩĵİëǰͷΪĴԴأÿһ϶ð׵װΡϰףѸ˷֧ˣFijianľ˵ķˡ66ҲûбӣǳðױǻҰβϡ    
ͷװκͷװιϵǳУ龳֮£޷ǻֿ۷棬Ƚϵطֵһ㣬Ƿڹ̶װһ࣬ͷװȴǻġ    
ҪҲõԭʼͷΣҪͷǳ˰˹Ħ֮嶼ͨõġͷ׾ʽڰУһž£¶ҶӡЩˣõƤԭʼ̶ҲҶһİȴôֲάƳɣͿϺ졢ʵͷһֺ۵Ĵӡ67˺估ͬƤӻ֯пͷúɫĽɫɵĴӡֺ߹ͳμλͷԭʼҲʵʵЧáȻԼͷʱҲЯķڡСþߡ68ҪΪװƷΪװƷ֧˵ͷ޽ǽߵŴС׹ӣںһҰβͣһֱҵϡ69ڱĺߣںɫǰϹһɫıǡ    
߾֮ϣͷΡһŵĺëĵĻɫëܵĶëĴؽᡢʳĹëβϵë70եľƳɵķëҲʱãԶҲëͷ֮ڣҲʱЩ佫Ū÷ǳܳMitchellиӣBoganϿһ˵ͷһά֯ɵεĶŸֵëǰëһء˵ͷУԼ˺ǣCapeYorkڿޱġ١oogeeΪ߹档71һ鲼ƵĲͿϺƳɵƵñӣñϣһëƳɵӣֱߵĶ쵽ǱߵĶ䡣˹˹BroughSmythĵд֮⣬һͼʾöٵĺͼɼЩҪװƷ档    
ҲͰһʹǵͷϸݴ񵰿ǵƬΧëװΡ˼Pains˵ĺرͷΣеһڶϴһͷһڶϴһѻͷ72һеطԭʼͷεҪϡάӵı棬пǵǰķճʻƵëȣ73估úܸߵļɽë֯ǵͷȥׯϵĹǴмԭʼڽġ74    
ڰװεĲλװҲḻʱҲһԭʼʽװҪԭʼźװεϵûб̽־ʱˡ    
估Ե䡢籩ʪģֻһҵϵƤҾªҲֻʱر𲻺õʱżáһ棬ѵÿ˲ӻװġеļȽǵľεķḻȷǿɾġǵĲУҲԿƤʹŸĹƬݡǵĽ֯ɵ֯ëԼһûʵõЩʱǶ԰ȡñһþĻ75    
ڲҲͬĹ۲졣ֻõСףkaross⣬ܴһѵƷɫӵС鴩ɵ֪ǴڽĿǶĻ°ģýɲóȾӣſݡǡǡԼƵ䱦ЩһطҩҶһΪаҪȴΪװΡ76    
ڴƱ˼䣬ʮֵĴӺӣŮΧڱϵġþҶĴӣֲάƳɵε֯øɫˮˮıǡӡɺڹƵĴӣָҲװΣ˵ĹԭǵõģǺСװ޵Σ֪ҲǵװƷõġ77    
п˰ԼɵͷϺ;ϡάĽõʺ찢araëӣҪձʩʵ̫Ǯˡ78    
õУŮҲõľǴëӣҲŶƬ«έʱʮӢ߳ھƲüתؼ䡣79ôǱȽϵСɣҲԿǺϸɵġһƤܵŰɫݡÿһݶһƤӸƤֺغһΪһӶķѵʱ;Ҳһ١80˹˺ϲӣϹһ԰ɫݵĿǡ˹ű̹СǣֲֲάĽɵϡ    
ԭʼװϣȤζĲҪװΣΪرķḻ£ǡǡ෴ļªģΪǹܸ߳еԴоҪ֤һһٶΪԭʼڣǵλ´һ鶫⣬ʲôҲûеģĴֻΪܸ߳оı֣һֵȴֺǡǡ෴Ϊ߳ܵĸоǴǲֵϰ̵߽ġεʱǾεıںü䣬ȫҲΡ估һ˿ңȻΧȹˣŮԶȫûڱΡпˣϣEhrenreich˵Ұ仹ȻžԵڰ࿨ˣPankasûҵάҶֳָ󡣡81ڰϣ˶Χ¶Ҷɵֲάӣӡӣûס١82һ棬ŮȴǱһ֡ǲһȴ¶ҶĴΧβϣҴһҶɵΧȹЩм䣬ѻҪϵһͬʽҶһֲ䣬ŮϵͨΪʡ۴ȴֻϵһӣһά򣬡ȻΪװõġ83һƤƤϹһСǵƤΧȹΧȹ´ٵںƤϡʹΧȹҪڸǵ¶֣ûʮĿġŮƤΧȹС͵װΣΧȹǰ˺ѳСխģΪڱ֮ãʵϣǰĲŮϸûоǿߵġ84ԭʼΣڰҵġ޵һƤɻάɵͨûװΣʵõװεĿС85⣬ֳõڶӣΪܱװƷһֲά˵ͷɵĴӣಿм䡣ͨӢell86ǷʱֻͨסβʱҲǰٹһЩһϸ֦ҶӡһŵëһɹĻëһҰβͣͬĶֹҴƷֱϣǲֹ֡Ҵֻʱʹãرʱ    
Bulmer˵ԤμӿޱʱƤǰƽûκšǴŵĿĲΪ˱ΪװΡ87ںЩﶼҵϸƤɵΧȹֻʱװΣǴʱõİβɵΧȹҲһɵأܲһִװε塣88ڰŮȫģֻδ޵ŮʱΧȹڸһ˻飬ҲΧȹȥˡͨȫʲôڡֻڲμʱǲƳɵһֱϥװԼ89˹˵Σ٣ҲͬĲ֡ŮϵһխֻΪʵãΪ±ΣҲΪװΡ90    
ʵھ͵Ҫε⵽ʲôˡЩΪװأֻΪڱΣʷҶɵΪڱһλдѧȣSchurtzֹ۵һıס˼ڱﻹϵ֤֮󣬾͸˵ܹ߳ձڵõ֤ݣЩڱĴڣڱǺֵ˵ģڵڶҳһԵĶ·Դܸ֮߳⣬ɡ91ڱĴܸ߳еõ֤ݣôԭʼһϰʵڱݵ̫ˡǸղ˵估˼п˵Ůǳ¶ģƱ˵Ҳڱǵ塢޵˺ŮˣҲδŮ⣬߶Χȹ92֮֮߳ԭʼǺܲձġڵͼĻУ岢żȻ⣬¼֤·һȨ˵ΣǾ״ڰֻʱΧȹƽֻһ͵ˡˣĵطҲһԭʼٲֵڱﲻһָװΣ±ΣֻװΡΪʲôԭʼҪñڱǵأЩȫ߳ܵģǴѧأһλͳѧҶԴһ֮߳Ǹ˵Ļͷλѧ˵ĻǶԵģôǵСӵΪֽνأ̵֮ܵǰǻڲص¶ǵ٣ʱ򻹲˽Ϊʲô׼¶һ˲ȫǫű˵ĻԼ׼ʵ򿴼СʵһѧġʵϣڱĶǺ˵ñӢͬĲġע⵽һŷ޵ѧǺһ޵ʿ岻ͬġ˹ˣWesterAmarck˵úܶԣһҶͨĵطǲΪģΪÿ쿴ĶͲӡ󡣵Ůһùռʱһ԰߲ëһС顢һҶӻһıǣͲӱͬǵע⣬ССΣʵ˺ǿҵĿ跨ԸеĴ̼93Բڱ߳ģǾͿϧõֶ̫ˣΪڲתֵע⣬ֵע⡣ʵҲ治ܻԭʼ˵ʹ˹ע֮⻹ʲôĿġ˵ǲ˵Щƽİ޸ŮΪʲôڲμȻͼԸеʱҪƵΧȹͬʱҲ˵ΪʲôƱ˸ŮڸͬĿĵʱҪװһرҶӡ94װȻҪڲЩʲôҪЩʲô֮ԭʼڻȶҪ壬һţһװƷװֺ󲿷ֵװһΪҪװ˵õԵϲ    
ߵ·Դܹ֮߳ܵĸ飬ܸ߳Դ˵Ǵ·ϰߵĽǸղ˵ԭʼεָֺܽ鷢ڽϵ͵Ļǳ·ϸߵļУ·ѱΪŮٵĲ֡龳֮£¶ͳΪƽϣ¶ϰ߳ͻһҪһֽȥĸ顣һ˾Υϰʱ׷һ֮߳к󡪡۵ȡʵֻĺȺܵķӦ˹AlaskaĸŮǰǹŴĲ־˨Ϊߡ¬˹LaProuse˵ʱȰȥװƷǿˣԳһΪͲ飬ŷ޸Ů⿪ؽʱ̬һһŷŮˣȻ̹¶ڽΪɳܣΪΥϰģŹأʱĻ֮¶֫壬ȴÿߡޣNileĺڷ̹¶زȴƤΧȹСĵر壬Ҳһġͬʱеڶǿҵԭʹ͸߼Ļһϲ¶١ڵͼĻ䣬żȻڱٹȻԴ̼ȵڱεϰ߳ΪͨľΪʱͻʧȥԭ壻Ϊ쿴£Ͳرӡ󡣡ΪڵԴ̼ľͲϰߵڱΣżȻڱΡķչȫıԴ̼顣ԭʼżȻڱʱͬǲܾģϸߵУżȻ¶壬ȴҪĪ顣мѾһֺشĽչԵѾΪһֵ¡ĽչͱĽһͥĺĸȨƵɡһֽƶΪɷĲƲķκʧ֮͵ɷƲȨַҪ̷Ů¶ԼǶᷨ˫صĴٹʵϾͳŮԼΪձ顢ǿҡֹԼĴǺܳٻģԼԱΪ䣬ԭǴԵ߳תģڵͼԴͬװ֮⣬ĿģǺȨȦǵоΧ    
֫װοһֺܼ򵥵оϺװεģҲõĴӺȫͬңԭʼ֫ϵҲװΡޱ߸׹ϵҶΪҪ赸ڡЩ۴ǴģYarraڱϵƤ׳һֲϵƤӣҲǽԷĶȽװεĶŨЩ    
ǼװУûһԭʼ塪˹Ħˡʵϣռһĵλһ嶼ǲר׷װΣ˹ĦȴñһֵϺΪһҪšҲûװΣֻۣǵװβǿЩķСϵװ֮⣬ǲмҵġϵĻ۲װΡøɫͬƤǵѣڱǰرǽӷ촦ƤաݡǺͽ䱦ͭԼƵĶЩŮҲͬĶࡣһβװԼǴӱĵĺӳһβƵĶǶһֱҵϥΪֹ95˹ĦŮԶװĹͬμӣʹ˹Ħ˺ЩͬĻײͬ    
ǹԭʼװεдѵһֲǵʱеת䣬ͿԽ壬Ǳ䶯ٵΨһ塣ԭʼװεľֲ仯Ÿ˵ĺжģͿʿɸ˵Ȥĳһʱڣʽͬʽʱеתںһĸı䣬ָ˵Ĳ졣ȻǵνװΣָŲȫģһ֮ͨ󣬾ͳΪԼҪԭʼװΣװ䳣ԭٸıġĿߺĿ߶װεҪĲֵдǰٸı䡣ԭʼװεĹ̶䣬һԭǾʹʱʱ䶯ĸ߼װͬҪԭ򡣾˵ʱתǺ֯ĸıźеĹϵġԣоװε֮ǰȴһա    
ķΣȻϵνʣʵʵǿԽʵġԭʼ˵۹Уûбȷװμֵˡ估˽ƿӵƬǵľϾΪװΣܵõһͭĽָҲͺϲȻͼ壬ҲȫŸ߼Ĺҵϵģǲõ˺˵ʵĲƱͱʯ97֮ǰȻȴǳֵĲȥǵѡ񡣴󺣰Ѻıںߣֲ﹩ǹĹʵ֦ԹӲӵݡƤë    
Ϳ淽ԭʼɫʵļֵǰҲѾ˵ʹҪͼװεɫЧãȲԼҲܾһѧۣһҪǵķɫһԿǡǵĲһͿ԰ɫɫֺɫɫЧǲܵõӡ󣬶ҳ98ôİľɫıǺٸӦģһɫıϾ˽ΪʲôϲɫƷÿΪƤɫãɫҲͬϲɫƷ磬ɫĲˣϲðɫСװΣɫĿְɫƷѡɫǺͿɫһġú졢סƵĿͿȾǵͷͬƵɫڲ˺估ҲͨáɫİaraëصװΣпһõıǡͨͷɫȣߵǰҲƮͬĻɫëԭʼ˵ķУɫڻɫͺɫԱ߳֡ɫװΣǷǳټ˹Ħ˵Ĵ˨ɫǵɫۣҲǺѵõġ    
Ѿ˵ϲëװΪĹʺɫëֵҲͬĿʽëĶ̬;̬¶ǧ򻯵޵ĽǲдģҲûмдͷıҪΪǶεеˣһк顣ģĻȻѾı仯ֱΪֹëάԭеĵλ˵ͷϷ͵ԭʼʱսʿͷϷһ˵װϹȻѾŮ˵ķװȴСǲ˹ڴͷķУִŮҲµõλͬһ֤ݿҲͬʽΪװƷǵͱǵ׹ӣȻʱɲ״˹ˡƱ˺估ȴԸҪǼȻʽǷء㣨GrantAllenΪЩȻʽЩþϸ˹ɵģ԰ڻֻܱΪδ⡣ݿװϵĸһķչԶûëơڴװܷչڽϸߵȵ䣬װβѾҪˡ99    
ԭʼװε٣󲿷ȻĴ룻ռҲ൱Ĵ󡣾ҰҲǴȻʹǵװƷǸ̬ȼӹһʹиߵֵǽƤгӣݡʵݿųɴӣëӻڶ಻ͬװʽУ㹻ָʾԭ׸Ļ׶εװεԭͬǶԳƺͽࡣԳ˳ʵģ˳ƷʵġĶԳʽʹܲԳƵװΡʵϣԭʼĹ̶װΣöԳʽģĳ֮£Щʹ˲ͲĲԳһֿЦĻɾЧʱۺʹƵһ棬ⲻʾǲҪԳƵãʾǻûɡװεɣҪܾõ¡ͨƤϵĲԳƵͼδɵģĻȴǶԳƵġ100ͬнذԭҲѰһֻҪлõݡݿǵȴΣҪŪΪнһסǾʹһۣΪԭʼĽУҪΪʵãôֻҪһп˵ͨþΣҵ߲ȱٶе֤ݡǽڵĹʵͰ׵ݺйؼеģ治ͽĻǾҪҴˡͬʱҲԿɫɵĽ࣬ȷȵֻһɫݿǵĻ򱴳ݵöࡪ˵ԭʼʵ仯ḻĽԭһȷԭ׵öࡣ    
Ѿ˵ԭʼװεЧʲô뻹Ǵʲôһ˵ΣӵβͣȻıǺܶ˵ģ۵ģȴʾΪҪȡβе˵ļܣԭʼװвóëɹƷҲͬ塣101ĿõװεͣɴҲͬǾܻɰ˳ںɫƤϳɵĵɫһװεʵҲܿװͬʱǵ¸Һ͵֤ΪĴǲ̫һ㡣߶Ǵ˵԰Ǻ͵¹ѧǵ˵̬һġ    
ǿʼоʱװκҰװƺкܴĲ죬ǺѿԭʼװεֵȵǶԭʼװεоУǾͿ˵װε֮ࣻڲ֮ܲʲôĲ졣мװƷĻչĹУƺǨúܶ࣬ȴʵǱǨúٵġûʹǰĳԭʼļֺͼװʽ෴ҰװҰʽۣ߼ִĻĻΪһֹ٣һΪǼ۵ġϲӵܹȻذʽĄۣ²Ҳģ²˵ӣϲơŷձг̶ȣһ˵ĹƺԶǳȻѾ˴˨ͱǾǼнĸŮҲЩͬҰĶҲѾĲ֬ҲĳԭʼʽĻࡣƵģЩװεʽǵء׹ӡᡢһеʽԭʼͼˡַ˭˵ΰ󣬵ĸ߼װûбЩ١һ˹˵Ľϸһ˵ƤǼʽĲ죬ԶûвϺͼɵĲ֮ڻװȴǵ͵ġƷķչȻѾƷϵķΧĽƷļɣǻûܹԭʼʽ֮⣬һʽ    
һͱʯɵ˵ĹƷƷȽҪμ穣ԭʼװκʱǳªĻϵǽΪḻԭʼĻԭʼװεĲϺ켼֮ϵ˵ԣҪ֤ǣװƷķʢƶ䣬ȴһìܣмʷҸеԭʼܽìܡˣֲòصǵʱᵽ⣺Ļͽ׶ΪʲôᷢչּḻװΣǵоУָʾĴҲѾֹһΣǣԭʼ䣬װΣ溬ʵġһĹߣڶ˾µĹߡһ֣ص׸һٵĺЧ澺    
ԭʼװΣ԰Ŀģ˵ĺ;˵ࡣַ࣬ΪÿװƷࣻǡǡ෴װƷͬʱ˫ĿġΪͬӾģΪĽΣŷǿˣԭʼҲ    
ǽԼװġĶΪȡñ˵ϲáܾװŮԵȻȨ͵Ļ׶ȴ˱֮Ů˸Ρ102ۣƺһΥ۵ƾ֤ʵǺ۵һ֤ͼװֺ͸߼ͬΪͬǴߵĵλʵ֧ġԭʼ䣬ڸߵȶһûϴŮġŮΣܿԽ飬ȴþܵõһ¡ڰޣ󲿷ֵ˶ܾõĶϵǡǡ෴Ȼ߻ˣʵȴŮǶ󰮣Ů˾ͲòװΣȴ󶼲עԼװΡ˻ԭʼ˵װȫΪԵֻҪȥһΪʲôҪװξͻסΪҪʹǵŮ˻ϲһ˻ش𲿶˵ڷֵ˹ֹ֬ͺͿʱ˹񼸺ҪɷѵľٶΪǶ»ʧǵͬ績Ů103ҪĶԭʼװΪʲôҪʽʱУǾͿԵõһܼ򵥵˵ˡ    
Ȼ˲ߣͬʱҲһսʿװξ˫ɡѾ˵ΪõװΣͬʱҲŵĹߡɫֵɫͬʱҲսɫƵͷοߵĹհʲս賡ҲظϵĴۣһʹŮۣһҲʹ˾¡ԭʼװη棬ҪҵרΪܵĿĵʽҲǲ׵ġֻкٵĻǵ۹￴ȫ¡    
ڽϸߵ׶װѾûԭʼ塣⾡һΧϹҲҪְǾǵֲָͬĵλͽ׼ԭʼ䣬ûֵλͽ׼ķװΪǸûеλ׼֮ġ䣬׷ݳ׼Ӱڰޣһ곤о˿һȨֻڹʵĵλʩΪÿ϶һ֮úרƵ̬ļ£ÿ˶Ǿɵġ104ڰȺȨҲǺ޵ġûгͷ˵ȨҲǿ˷־ֻʹǵȭͷȥȡȨ105ȫ״̬֮¡估СҲûзκ֯Ļ֯źۡ106ڰ˹ĦУ˭ҲûȨڱ֮ϣԭʼļм䣬ȨķֱǷǳ΢ϸġ˺͸֮ĺ蹵ʱҲûѿҲģһɸˣԱȼɽϲĵõûбϣ䶯ܴ龳֮£ǼˣҲܻ۲ƲҲܲͱһ֮ҪֵоֹϵΪֹϵܹ˵ԭʼװʽΪʲôٱ䶯߲ʱַʱȫֻĽ107ʱ֣Ǵ´ġĳһʱ֣ʱרϲУװξͿΪߵĽ׼͵λıǡΪͬһɣλ͵ᾡ֮ܣȥõʱֵ˹һЩʱ֮󣬸߼˴ͳΪȫķװν߼ǣǻǺǰһܻԸԼķʤһȣȥƻһرķΣǰ潲ֵ±һͨûĵطܱϷʱװĻеʾøԵġϷʵȻоҡѾһڼᣬǵʱװҲǱ÷ǳ֮ģȫ·Ʒκι򣻸ڽĲǡǡ෴ǹǵķװкͳˮһٱ䶯ǿ֮۾ĶǵĸжǿãԼȼְλķװ֯İά֣жشĹ׵ʱǼ⽫ĻĽղء˹HerbertSpencer˵ģܼ˷ε壬ȴ塣ҲҪʣķչǷ͹ȥͬһ濴װĻƷΣյĶոһյӡǹڵĿµĽʹװγΪΣֶĶҲԤϽһһʱڷеĿӧɫԼõĽƷؽòáһ濴徫ģøȷĻ˵Щר˼ʱװεȨơΪŬʹִ磬ȫְλȼԼɷĻнųȥǶĲͬƷƷʹظ˺Ͳ˵ɺƽ״ȥϻһǻڵģǺǻǾԵ𣬿ܻҪװΡ    
1BroughSmythTheAboriginesofVictoriaһڶҳ    
2AngasSouthAustraliaIllustratedNo22BroughSmythһʮҳ    
3BroughSmythTheAboriginesofVictoriaһһҳ    
4HodgkinsonAustraliafromPortMacquarietoMoretonBay    
5WaitzGerlandAnthropologiederNaturvolkerҳ    
6LumboltzUnterMenschenfressernһҳ    
7BroughSmythTheAboriginesofVictoriaһһҳ    
8Ibidһһҳ    
9TaplinTheNarrinyeri    
10WaitzGerlandˡҳ    
11BroughSmythһһһҳ    
12EHManOntheAboriginalInhabitantsoftheAndamanIslandsJournaloftheAnthropologicalInstituteVolXIIp333    
13ManJournaloftheAnthropologicalInstituteVolXIIpp333334    
14CookfromBankssDaybookJoestKorperbemalenNarbenzeichnenundTattauirenp13    
15GlobusVolXLIIIp157    
16WiedReiseninBrasilienVolIIp11    
17мϸ߼Ĳȷû滤ġͶ壨HottentotsͺͻͿ䣬ɹ޿ˣShillooksţͻͿԷûһ龳УͿĨķĿǡǡϣǾܵȫͿĨԭʼ壬ֻϾһЩ㱣Ƥֱ߻֮ࡣ    
18Ⱥɫɫܱʾ޹Щǿġġ˶ر氮ɫҰǶɫİãǵġFarbenlehreҳ    
19رͼոʱͼա    
20ʹóɫȷǼŵİ취ɪѷSchussenquelleĺڵоһĺɫǴġѪİ취ЩطţڰҲáСԱߵҲСѪͿ塣HowittinBroughSmythڶҳ    
21WaitzGerlandҳ˵ڰˣɫƺʥɫطǶúɫͿʬɣ˼ٶǺŷɢͬǶҪһװΣǿٶƺ    
22ٰϵĻɫͰ˵ĳȺɫɫӽ    
23BroughSmythһڶҳ    
24ڰ˵ĹйǺܶģǴûǵĹпǵĹеù    
25˵ֿϸ۵ΪҪʾŮǽǵǰȫͿɫÿֻ۾ͿһȦڸϻһֱߣزƺ͵ӣ˫һֱ´Ϊֹͬͼʾɥߺ߼ĲͬĹϵһһĴΪʲôͿ׵ȵ㣬ĻشҪʹԼڴʬʱɥ¾۲ʱֳ֬ķףһҲС֮֬Ƕ̿ۺΧԲȦֱǾͽMunamurroomuroo.ŮҲϻ׵ֱߡΪҲʳıǡض֮ðͿĨԱ֤ǵݡBroughSmythһһҳ    
26Ҫ˰˵ɥװǿԲοJournaloftheAnthropologicalInsiituteVolPlIXFig2Ҫ˰˼ģǿԲοBroughSmythVolIXIIFig2Ϳɰɫһߡ    
27BroughSmythVolIp64.    
28BroughSmythVolIp296.    
29WaitzGerlandVolVIp739.    
30ڰ˵Ą۵װΣҵۣRatzelVolkerkundeVolIIpp2036383940WoodNaturalHistoryofManVolIIBroughSmythVolIp11.Կά˵ıϣ÷ǳֿ¡    
31Lumholtzp177.    
32WaitzGerlandVolVIp740FromTiechelmannandSchormann    
33WaitzGerlandVolVIp812.    
34ManJournAnthropInstVolXIIp333.    
35WaitzGerlandVolVIpp37575.36WaitzGerlandVolVIp740.    
37ManJournAnthropInstVolXIIp170    
38IbidsVolXIIp331    
39WaitzGerlandVolVIp740    
40IbidVolVIp814    
41ȫͨõͼøĄװԼĳһֻǱʹһģĲֶո˵ȤζBroughSmythVolPlXLI.ܿ϶˵ǲ־ҽ䲻ͬģͶ˳һǺͶֵĵӺơҲԽܡķɶԼ˵ĵȽϲο    
42翨Curr˵AustraliaVolIIp475քĿֻΪװΣͬذͶPalmer˵JourAnthropInstVolXIIIp286ǲ˿Ĳ塣    
43WilhelmiBroughSmythVolIp68    
44Lumholtzp178    
45BroughSmythVolIp296    
46ManJournAnthropInstVolXIIp331    
47GerlandAtlasderVolkerkundetextp4    
48VerhandlderBrlinerAnthropGeselsch1886p222    
49BoasTheCentralEskimoAnnualReportofthetheBureauofEthnology188485p561    
50ġװװĴǺͨģڲСοJoestеͼ    
51BancroftNativeRacesofthePacificStatesVolIp48    
52WiedVolIIp5    
53MartiusBeitragezurEthnographieAmerikasVolIp321    
54ֻģǵĴ˨ҲǴǵĽӡڰǶѧġ    
55BancroftVolIpp4748δдᡣ56HowittBroughSmythVolIp278.    
57BroughSmythVolIp277.    
58BulmerBroughSmythVolIp274.    
59ThomasBroughSmythVolIp271.    
60ManJourAnthropInstVolXIIpp7778    
61οSpencerPrinciplesofSociologyPartIV361.龳˵ǡ෴ǾƱ˸˵൱ɺƱ֮ͨ귢    
62ڵά˹Ͽ͹ɺ壬ǶǵͷúܳҲǰͷúܷһӰͷ档䣨Frobisher˵ŦˣNugumintǵͷȥһ֣KinipetuͷȥˣNetchilirmiutǵͷ̣οBoasAnnualReportoftheBureauofEthnology188485p558дͷװΣʵʵҪϵġװ֮ŻҪ־һ棬ѵĲ䣬һͷΣհparryǵͷŮ˵ķʽfrisure.    
63BoasAnnualReport188485p558PictureonPage561    
64KritschEigeboreneSdAfrikasp429    
65Lumholtzp153    
66ַҲҵ򵥵װΡԼ˺ǰ뵺ڵؾͷͺ붼ȥ    
67οBroughSmythVolIp276ϵдͲͼЩʱ˵ͷġ˹¿ҵڷϵԲݿǡʬȡͷƳɵķʿ˵ͷƳɵĴΪ˭ħͷ˭׶۹⣬ݵĶҿԱ˵ĳìBroughSmythVolIp112    
68粼ʱжļ߲ڵǵͷ    
69BroughSmythVolIp276϶װһźܺõͼ    
70BroghSmythVolIpp271274280.    
71١oogeeһرȤζ£ΪڸڸɶѨĻ滭ɰͶһµĹǿڲеߵĲݵѧҵ١ƷBroughSmythͼȫͬǵļ䲢ûдĻ    
72BainesExplorationsinSouthwestAfricap143    
73PrinzVonWiedVolIpp1215    
74RatzelVolkerkundeVolIIp672    
75RatzelVolkerkundeVolIIp672ͼкЩ估˵װƷռKircheriano    
76Fritschp430    
77JournAnthropInstVolXIIIp401VolXIp295plXIIFig7    
78WiedVolIp15    
79BroughSmythVolIp278ͼۺΣôϺĿǴ«έĶƬ    
80BroughSmythVolIp278    
81EhrenreichUeberdieBotokudosZeitschrfrEthnologieVolXIXp22    
82ManJourAnthropInstVolXIIp330    
83IbidVolXIIp330    
84BarrowTravelsintotheInteriorofSouthAfricaVolIp276    
85ĵһЯС͹ߣڶΪֹĿ    
86BroughSmythVolp281    
87IbidVolIp275    
88IbidVolIp281    
89BroughSmythVolIp272вͼ    
90IbidVolIIp399    
91SchurtzGrundzgeeinerPhilosophiederTrachtpp910    
92οWaitzGerlandVolVIpp735738ϵע͡    
93WestermarckHistoryofHumanMarliagep192    
94JourAnthropInstVolXIIp390׸һֵļٶΪΪҪ൱̶ȵò    
95BoasAnnualReportoftheBureauofEthnology188485p554ĺͼ    
96ȻЩΪŷ˵ӰıԭʼװӦΪġ    
97˶ʯӢᾧǳӣǲƷǾԲϸ˿ġ    
98ֻҪԻǮѵͿԵõܴĽֻҪͷЩƷԭʼ˵ķɫͬɫֽƺںͿԷЧ    
99ֻ²׼װƷлż򱣴൱λ˹طϸСƵȻװռĵλȴҪոʱĴ𽳣ƿʱ˲ٵıǡ    
100ĿĶиĄڰкʢУǲܺΪװΪĿĵĄᲢ۵ġ    
101ũк۵սʤƷҲġ    
102άGBove估˵Ĺ۲죬ǵ˵ĹػװʵȸŮΪGlobusVolXIIIp157ķɶΪ˹ܾøŮԼװǺֵܲģLumholtzp178ϰ޵䣬˹˹йĳŮװΣ˵رӡŮԼװβʹȻķ˵İĽ;úˡBroughSmythVolIp275    
103BonwickDailyLifeoftheTasmaniansp25    
104WaitzGerlandVolVIp790    
105ManJourAnthropInstVolXIIp109    
106WaitzGerlandVolIIIp508    
107ķֻװεĺʱĵҪԭ򣬵ҲΨһԭ磬УһµĺеĲΪĳἯŷ˺ƽĹϵԵʡǣһڵԭԭʼУŷǿ֮ǰǺܱرǿĺĻϸߵĲΧһֲҲĵڵġִеȿͼıһĶǲ˷ܹȵͽڹ˷֮ܵ£ǲ̬ؼϿŸĲáԼԵװƷġ        
Դ 
Ľ     
 װ   
þװķչ̶ȣڽϵ׶װöࡣª估Ѿ൱ḻװΣıȴֻкٵþϵװꡣΪþװ꣬ǰ︽þϵ˼кԭʼȺʵûþװġǴûзֹ˾õİϻʲô估װεƷҲе䱦Ҫþװ꣬һֽϹ㷺ĹǲΪװ꣬ǶһþߵĥҲΪһװꡣ   
һþĥɹ⻬ƽԭ˼ΪʵõıΪļֵöࡣһԳƵܲһԳƵ׼ȷһĥ⻬ļͷǹͷҲһһδĥ⻬롣ÿԭʼУǶණľϸڵĿĿԽ͵ġ簣˹ĦʯʯĵƣΪʺϷͷȵĿģͲҪô͹⻬估˵֯òô룬Ҳþͻ;˳װúܶԳƣǿʹ룬ǵװҲھͻ᲻áΣ϶ͬʱϵĺʵϵҪҲǺ׵ġƷȻҪʵãҲҪпСѾ˵򵥵þװ꣬ÿжеġԭʼƶ估ˣҲкЩ⻬ƽþߡ   
þװ꣬ȴֻаˡƱ˺ͱ˼СװѾ൱˹ͬעΨһҰװоϧûоҪװԭʼװֻйצɢƪ·ûоǱԼһ·   
ƬϵװʽǼȲҲġˣƱ˺һֱˣþ̻Ļʹŷ𼸺εͼЩԭʼװǳɼεģΪʵƺ׻ϣԾ˽ЩεĻ򵥵Ҳ򵥵Ĺϵƾ֤ȻǵϲҪ֤Ϊʹѧһǽν족ϵġԭʼװ겢ֵǽ֪Ǹûкͼͼͬĵط   
ȫԼ񹹳ɵͼΣװϴûռҪĵλȺҲǱȽϵ٣ԭʼиǾҲװȫǴӻ빹ɵģԴȻ͹Ʒġ   
ԭʼװ꣬ȡȻ磻Ȼ̬ġ⡣ڵװҲܶȡȻĸ⣻һܾͿԿ̺̺ƿڶǣûһװϲǵ׺ϻҶٵġͬװϲȡֲԭʼװȴרȡͶ̬еֲͼװ˵ķḻۣȴѿҲûСںнῴֱַش塣   
ԭʼװġԭͣʵںܲ׷Ӱ˶ϵλΣġ⶯֮˵еϣǳǴָ֤ȴǸϡȻָ֤һ¡˵װʹû˺ϵͳоڲ˹˹BroughSmythУҲݲݵһ¡ʵ˵ûһ¹๦ȥ׷ͼ׵塣ô˵ܹȷؼԽأһʵϣͼװо˵װҲӦͬоĽġͶġ磬װûеطб񼸺εˡŷڲпֱߵͼһ뵽ȻĶȥ뵽Ȼ硣ȥоİϣȴʹ޿ñָĶǶϵһ֡ڰͿBakairi˵У˵ǽгĺɫƤðͼκͿװƷϳõͼףǺɴ˵ǵԭ⡣ʷҪʵЩۿȥ񼸺εͼΣʵȴǼ˵ʵдԶΪࡣɷεϼϽĵǴɭUanacondaϵĴִڵ㣻ĽͿ˵ΣǱʾˮ㣻һβǴεļͼΣȴŮ˴ǶСѡ1ҮKarayaװƷϵͼףߡߡԲ㡢κεD֣õú٣ԲȦȫûеġʢţXinguװУЩ⻭ļιͼϴظĻҲǸһʵġϧǲȫָġȻƷʱ˸ƾռٶżʵʮΣڶͼaڴ˵زһѡ˭ľ״ӴĻƷѣϻϳľϵװʲôڶͼbҲ˵չ𣨵ڶͼcߵͼͼbΪβߣͼcΪCassinauheߣaΪһߡͶﻭͼֻв˺Ͱ˹Ħ˲УҮûеġ2ϣǹģֻǺֵעĴȺеһѡķ˹WHHolmesͼȽϣ֤ӡڰ񴿼εͼζǶļ󣬶ЩȴǸֶƤϵİơ3Ү˹жգHjalmarStolpeͬȥоͬӡͼRaratongaTubuai伸εװЩȫǼ˵ɵġ4ǰ˹LaneFoxҲһ²е˵ȫεͼΣݳһƷʵϣⲻﶼɵõͬһĴ𰸡ɼǴӸռĹڰ˵װļأǺжȻġChauncy˵ЩŴϲڶͿ޺ȻƷȡҲϲСͬװΡ5˹˹Ϲάǲ˵ڶôªʾȶͼΡ۷ȻĶһ˸߲Bulmer˵ͼ˼ǴȻӲġϵĻƾǴһǽɡkrang׳ġģƤƤġ໨ղ֪˵õ˴ûġֲͻʽ6ı˹ڰװ⡣ǵӦȥ˵ʵһָʾǰΪʲô˵ԵʡͼѾȫλôͼεر仯ҲһܹԼָԭΣǴİͼζǶϵһ֣ԭֻҪƤϵĻƣȻ״ʾ÷ǳͼʱѹŷ˲ȷ⣨ġͼǵĽͷѾ˵ǲϸ֤ģְԭʼװ꿴ɶļλ滭ľ˵ûн֤ʵһ㡣ǵĹ۵Ǻ֪һԭʼ͵ģԱȽϵػһ㡣Ĺ۵ߣ˵ӡ⣬ȫûзάǵĲŵļٶϣѾǣЩһӡǻ˹ġûиõǵʱڣǿ˵˹µطĶϵͼǼεζƤġ仰ǲģͼb.ƤƵĶƣġµΣͼa.ϵκǴëƬı㻯ͼͼab.ֶƤ⣬˻Ͷװϡ桢ߺʱڹӺͷȥThrowStickϣҲпޱ衱ʱͶŵƵͼεģЩͼεͨǷǳı㻯ȴʹһĿȻĳһϣ̵ͼʹѽ⣬Щǵ֣ЩǺĻһͼȥϵĻƣǰԼ˵ǽԶ޷״ԭһͼһˮǲޣBrokenӵһ֧߼Ŀհ׾Ƿȥ˵һ˾סĵ򡣡7ԵҲܹͼǶڰ˹Ħ˾µд֪ĸϤһܹѵͼװþϵģȴûпȻǺȻģ˵ĵͼĵһ岢һװƷһ֡         
Ʊðס֡ɫþϵװ꣬ñƬ̻װ꣬󶼺˵ģͬķȥǡǹ¼ûѰһڰ˴Ȼȡѷ˵Ʊȴ϶ֻᷴʹôͳͼԸı䡣ЩͼǼȲḻֺٱ仯ġǿÿһͼֻһþϣʹٶһġÿһͼ֣ȴϧûиǵ塣µĺ;ɵͼȽоҲܹǵõĲȴоֻðƱ˵װǷġȻ⣬ʱһ¡ڰ˹ĦװϷḻҲͽ١˵װƷ붼ǳȻĹ۲죬ʵòųоġֻҪһǵڹƻľþϵͼξͿˣϵͷڰͼcֵúףǺġþߵܶһֶ״ھͼaǸƵļӣ¹ΣbcУǰΣΣղѧϵκεطƷԿЩɶȻͼ֮⣬ѾӲ˵ı㻯ʽȡȻĻھһ˵ڱ˵ÿƷϣһͬһĵСԲȦһ¡ĵӡڴָӣЩ̫Щ£ǿǴӣΪ˺ĵͼһǷǳӵġݺһֽͣԲȦ㲻Ȼġˣװĵڶ࣬ڱǺ͵һͬҪġ      
ڶͼǺЩнȻķֱġǵûһǱʾȻԭεģЩƽӡϷڡʮֲ棬׺ͱ֯ɵġ˵ǲͬʽЩƷв׷ֱĵطֻҪһǵ;Ϳ֪ˡǶǴװĵڶԴաģʵǴӱ֯ģġġȻͼȽϣҪϡٶöࡣڱװУȷӦõúܶ࣬ûкܶķչȫ˵ǲȫǼ򵥵ı֯ġѡšڡ   
Ʊ˵װͬĹյġǼȲȷֲܷϡһͼĵһӡǼٶеģ֪龳ǲܹŵһӡġһȥġ´֯ĻʱʵȴһƤƤĴͳͼֻһǲȫɹղģƱڵͼĻ֪Ψһ塣ͽִСĴֲΪ֮áЩ඼һΪġ֯װ档Ȼܸǵļٶش֤ʵƱ˹߳ǵһ֯ԱЯһʵʵ;ѱ֯ͼܵʵͰϵı֯װ֤ʵˡڴ˺ϸһ±֯תȥı   
ڰ˵װУʵͼǺԵسڲݱĿϣǹìıҲɿ̻Ϳȥ8ƺ͹кܶͱ֯ĻͼҲԴڹյġѾЩͼĴΪ㻯˵ëۼ׻һۿȥǺֽͲģǽһ˵ǹ᳹ġΪʲôҪЩͱ֯ЩֹȲͬԴֲͬ;أǺܲܵġǺ˽ǿϱ㻯˵ĶƤ׵ͼεġ   
ɫԭʼװУʽΪҪ˴õͨûͿʹģǶϵĻȴȫͿ϶ֵɫͼаȥ߷죬òͬȥɫͺɫáҪȻ͹ɫͿȥþõϣͿϵһɫͰɫУɫͻɫȽϵټǺټɫŷȥġɫõʱ򣬺졢ɫõࡣңҲûܹװϵһԭ   
ǿԼٶװƷõɫȻġ˹µطĶƣͼbɫͼΣͷǳһƤǶɫղʵѡкܶġװõɫǵͼһͰ˵ĺƱҲᷳظúɫͰɫ⣬ͿϵһҲúɫϣǺɫͻɫȴȫûеġװɫΪ򵥣ǳƵĹͷͿϺɫʱҲúɫֻһɫ   
ԭʼװԴܹȷ֤ģѾڴˡȻ̫̫٣ҲڴΪδֵ԰أǲջġԴ⣬ֻеȥ᳹㲩оܵõоȴûԼȻֻð֪ʶϵĳƶͲŵα¶Ա˿˻   
棬ǰһдԭʼþϷͼζװꡣڱ⿪ʼʱѾЩֻһװ꣬Ρҵǡ䲿µȣûд塣Ҫһ׷ǷԻֿġǽյָǵװ겻ͬǲģڰֺװȴͬüɷֱ档ǿһľϵĵ̣ʮͼ˽ͣϵټΧԵ˼ͻǵƽװ껨ִľ⣬ŷ˿¾Ͳϰֵġ˵ԭʼβרڴľϵģ˵Ϸ塰ʱҪ¼ڷȥϡҲһģ˹˹ϴһ˹µǹ¼˼ͼ˵Щͼں˿п˽˼ġ9ļ򵥵˵κװλ࣬ǰ׷Ѫġûϸı׼˵ûй̶֣ǵڻȷ˵10ڱװֵĹϵҲ֤ͬݲ֡ΪþϵĶͼΣǴֵ˼ġϵͷ¹Ǳɱ¹ĿֽʱǶԵģʱȴԡǱ˵μ滭֡㻯ͳһļͼΡȴûоȻġ˵װУҲֵġЩΪǴջµԲȦǡЩԲȦӳɹһӡڰ˵Ļ滭УҲͬĻǴʱյģЩԲȦҲͬ塣ЩԲȦǲһ飬ֻóҲͬܵġȻ˼һּٶԵļٶվһٶѡ   
ҵǽ׺װ걾Ѿ֪е壬Ǹ˵϶רŵıǣҵΪʲôʱձķչǺ˽ġΪܼì˵ҰޣһǾ͵ڱ𴦷ʬ塣֮£ø˿ϵȷȨؽʧȥԵһһѣƤϻһǺţѴӻ˼Ǻ֮󣬾ͳ˵ĲҵͬǺŵþһʱ˵ϵļǺţָ߶ָߵġݻףHoneryϼĳһֲ˵ÿһ϶ߵıǡЩǺ״Ϳ̺ۡ11ϧûвͼʹǲܾЩרŵĸ˼ǰƤ׻ơǴReliquiaeAquitanicaeİ˵ĲҵȥжϣּǺźװȻɷֵģΪͼٵļǺֻǵĿ̺ۣװõĻȫͬġ12˹Ħ˳ԱʶǼ;桪ļǺţǺ׵ģƽ׺װЩǺͨһЩֱ΢ߣĿͬĶߣʮһͼb.⻹һЩװĻڿKotzebue巢Ĵǡڰѿ˹ChorisͼʮͼbcdeЩøɫͿǺţÿ˶ʶԼĲҵƱ˵ĲҵǣҲȫװһÿԼļìϣͱסĵطһرᣬΪǡ    
ԭʼĲҵǵȻ̸г׵֪ʶȴ˵רΪ˱ʾȨıǣԭʼġװꡱУֻռһСֶѡҵıǡǲͼ֤ȴǱȽϵضࣻڰ˵װˡȣCollins˵ÿһ˵Ĳ䶼ڹϺרŵװʽʹʶһطĶ˹˹˵ϴ֣UpperDarlingĲУڵġڶϷǲġ󡯣Kobong˵ġ󡱺ӡڰ˵ͼͬģǴӥȶǰЩǵҵһֱħȡö˵˵ѣܱԮ˵ʿĿĹϵŷʿϵ޵ĹϵһģΪǵϵޣĺƲ⣬ԭⲢµıǣȴһ㲻һ㲻ٵһֱӵ֮⡣Щ֮ӽȻĽۣǰѼĶϣΪһݻӵŷսʿܻӥڶϣҲѴƤͼװڶϡ   
ڰϵװǲ־ͼε֪ʶʹǰᵽʵⲢû˵һʵǶƤ׻ƺı仯֮Գǳõԭ򡣳ӴˣǴˡöϵƤ׻ƷڶϣΪļǺźĳ֮⣬ȻûԵĺð취Ϊ̫˶ˡǶڡ󡱵֮ģһ쵼ȻװΣһȴʹǼɱܡȷģǲ׼ɱ¾ǿҰ޵ģʮЧĵطʱҲԼһƤȲ׼װֻ꣬еɻ򻭳ͼЩͼζȻ״̬ʵǴʻӲëƤһ֯ƷʵȥΪ³İֶ̫ԵʡǰЩطȴȷܱʾŵҡʵĺͼĳɾͣȻӰģȴΪһֳֵĽͣΪڰ˵ľϣǷǳȻģ˼ȴһǲܴӰ˵ȥ׷ɵģȴӦǵԸӽ͡ЩƤĻͼΣĩȻȻˣڰ޺ŷ޶һġԸݵĴ߶ǴĳⲿͼϳģǻúȻԭһģһһ˰ƤƻĶϵʱǽȷģ˲ԭȥġȴֱȥϮֳɵͼԾͳһֱʶΪԭĿΪ˳һ̶ֹϵĲʶͬʱԳϮ򵥵ʽΪͼαһһԭԶˡ֮£ЩŹֵͼξͷɿԸЩѧڣ˵װǼλˡɵǴӶѡǵĲǵģַձ顣֪һʵһġǵͼϰĵõͼǵ   
ΪеĲ¶ǶͼΣҲû˵ڰþϷĶͼζǲĻ¡ûɿԽֹǼٶ˵ЩʱһЩġȫûйϵĶװ֮á粿õ쵼ˣϲѡӵʽװꡣ   
Ҫû֤ķƶϱ˵ĶͼġǱ塱ǰ޶װһ֣ǲЧġ˵Ķװ꣬ǵͼģΪ㲼޴½ͼ壬ûڱط13ǲ֪ǵþϷŲϲ¡ЩɢӣвԿûлµġҪƱˣǵװ겻ԲΪȴþ֮ͬбʲôﶼΪҪ   
ԭʼװзֳΣҵǺͲ£л᲻ڽ̵ıʶļǺȴͺϣˡڰ˵ĿͼУţֵֵʶõġ⻹а޵ʿõħȡǲȺơħϵ໨ƣЩԿͶ񣬵ǴȴŹֵͼξһѣǲܰǷֿ˽ǡЩԻѽͼΣֻ֪ħϲеģԲܺװҲЩϵˡڱ˿þϵͼУħŲֹһ֣ϧЩضΪоЩŵĸݡ14   
һеװƷֻҳٵĹʵͼûģɴǿƶϣԭʼװУйʵģǾĹѡġһֹͼȤĩһƱˣΪʲôҪϿϿϵĻأĵط͵ұشͳĵطķ˹HolmesӡڰУ˵ԭʼΪʲôʱñ֯װǵϡҵһֱȽ½ĹգҲһҰ嶼ıӵļ½Щڲʲôط޵ߣͳ޵ģ͡15һλߣߵĵλ·ռݹˡЩ˽µú;е󣬲ڱϺͷǱ϶ҪơȻþɵʽϵı֯ΪҪ˲ۣȴΪǾһǲûһЩ֯ƵġǲҪΪֻЩҰ˲ɵıأʵǺųĵ¹Ҳʱǵ̵ͿһЩظϻģȫΪ̡Ӧáдֲڵõ廨ϡӦáЩѿİߵԵʡǹìϵװõĴҲǿֻͬ͡ȥȥĴΣԭǹͷĴӵġ⣬ӣΪȡˡ16þϵġΡ̺ۣͲͬԴʵ˵Щ಻ǹջĳϮǴӹյдġ֮ǶԱװΣҲɼٶҲǳϮĴģȴ˴ϰߵӦˡ   
Լ䣬˵ڹװԴĻֻǽڼģЩ趼кܸߵĿԣǲܽǲϸġȻװĴļֵյװꡣٿԿ϶ǰԭʼװͼΣǷԴһִҪ󣬶һֲͬĶǻҪʶҪЩƵװװǺܲ׵ġҶǿ˵ҲǲҪġѾЩڽ¡ҵԼεװ꣬ʵ;⣬ôڣǿ԰ǿҪװ֮ĴҪװꡣΪ˲Ҫظڴ˵ؾ͵һ˵ɡ̸һ̸滭֣봿װԶġǲؾ͵̽壬ոʱӡˢƷϵͷ壬ֵ֤ʡֻҪκżֻҪǳڴ鷨ֵ֮ġͿˡ鷨ĵһǻԵҲҪġƩĳҪһԱҪ鷨һдƯǲдΪְҵˣҲϲдѧУʱ͵һֹΪдӵ壬ŵ֤һµױְգּͼӰӡеġǵдڱʻ֮ܿԽʡдֵϣ˶߻мļֶ˵ֱʼΪĴ죬ҲµּǵĿӡʵڱΪֵ滭Ϊá鷨Ǳŵձ˵صġձĴ󻭼ңǵĳ黭ǿ˵ֵջ񣬲ֱջѡԲ¡ǺеķţĿʵ;Ҳ԰Σ¡ȻֱܹʹͳȨλΪоѧ֮򵥵ĹͬϵĿǰҪ֮ɣټǡ;ȥȽʽ͹ϵķ17ǵоߡɿƬֽݵͼʱϧͰЩ򵥵Ĺϵˡǲʮֿ϶˵ΪԭʼʽĺӣѧϵҪ۵ģȫеĶĿ֮޵⡪൱Уûоڵ⡣ѧԼԭһȷģȻ˷ЩʵȫѧУõ֪ʶʱҲʧȥˡԭձ׵ԣֻдӵͼȥоѧܵõ֤ʵ֤˺ԭʼ˵ͬһԭ֧ģǾӦһȥ׷ǱֵʽǷͬ߸һȥָʽʽ֮𡪡ɴª£ɼ򵥵ӵķչΡǲЩ׵Ļش𣬵ΪҪʵʵͲò   
ǰѰϵĻƺǿĵ̺ϵͼȽϣǽڸֲ֮ͬзһͬԭıʻһļظŵģҲɽУԺ͵̺ϵĻһ֮ͬ㣬һпҵǼȽϵĹ۲죬ǾͻֽУҰ˵˵УһġǿԶ϶˵ֽĿУʵȫеĶ18.ı̬ĳһرλйظһһֶԼ˵һͼΣǵģȻĵλһҪϸһλǼԪغģҲԳΪλֻҪһλõģڡ򵥵ľҪǸӣӡֱ߻ߵһλйظγɵĶ˵װУ˾Լ򵥵Ǻٵģԭʼ˵װУȴȱȽǡ19Ʊ˵þϣʱԿһЩúɵбе÷ǳȾ˵ĶϣʱһȦ򵥵СԲȦҲϲͬװꡣ˹Ħ˹׵ĶͼΣҲеĳʱģȻûһרֻ򵥵ģԭʼװϣҲнΪӵĽ֡ʵϣǺ׶Ҳܱġ簲˵ЩߣֻҪߵĶ˺͵ڶߵͳɹһֽϸ߼Ľáˡ20ԪصĽ൥λɵߣԭʼеһֽõʽʽ˵Ķƺ͹϶װεúܶࡣƱ˵þߺϣȫߣɫɫ˹Ħ˵СˮͰҲΪҪȻƱ˵װУҲͼԶʤЩߵġʮͼǸеߣͲǽϴĽ൥λһֶѡǰʮͼeϿϵĿװͿԱʱҲָܱӵĽ໨ġԲװгнУǵʱʹ˾ԴǷȷЩԭʼҲûзԭ򣬶ǺһҲǴǷнвɵıӵĹġЩ֯״ĻһϰߵĳϮΪĳ졣žѵֵרȥнõĻȻֻеĳϮʲôʱֹĶʲôʱʼȥǸ㣬ȴѶ϶ȴȷķֻٽ˽еĿУеĿҲٽ˽ķֻ    
ȻԭɹġģҪʽϵԭ򡪡ԳơҲƶڶȻġˡѾˣԭʼװӦȻʵȶͶʽȻеʵﶼ˵״ԳƵģġȻϵͼҲǶԳƵġֶԳƵӦһƣ֤ǵƶϲһĹ죬۲˰˵װöͼεѧɣŷ޹ŴʽGothicԺ󣬾Ϳסǰѵʮͼе޶ƣЯʱһֱ۲һǸǺֱ涼ȫԳƵģֱĻĿȴȡصڰ޺ŷ޶У21Ըǵһ֤ݡЩϺĶԳƻƣͶϵĺԳƻǡһȻ֪ԭʼװǴȻѧЩԳƻԭģǣܾʹ˶϶ûԴڱµĿͷͽþߺһҪʽ϶ԳƲΪãþ߼жԳƵʽһжԳƵװΡԳƵԭֱӶĻΪûһûжԳƵģ޶Ƶĵɺŵ䡢ũParthenonĽʦһʶԳƵļֵ22ʵϣԭʼڶԳʽҪҪúܶࡣֻҪͼϴ˶ԳƵӡˣǰ˰˵ĴٳĶԳƣȻΪһϣڰޣЩԳƵʽ⣬дԳƵĻڡЩȺͶĵȫҲԳƵУȥϵĻƾʱչ˵ȥʹǻ뵽ϰ޲䣬ǰҪڷȥϡЩԳƵĻƲװ꣬һЩΡȴռҪĵλǻ֪ϵͼΣԭǲıʶҵļǺţѹͲöԳƵУڵͼٵǸһдͼͿǾͽѧȥһоաĿѾ˵ڶڶ⡣   
ѾйεĻָԭʼװԭʼĻ֮ĳֹϵѾװһܿԽоǵһϵ˰աǰѾԣҵĻĻءһἯȺһֵȷԸֶ϶ȷģǱװ;ҵ֮ҵһϵӰԵӰԭʼװһǼԵġĺʽϵƶͼªʽľʵƶĽͷӳϵƶͲʵȱʹǳֱϵ⣬иԶ۹⣻ҾĵطǵǲǾͲйϵƳɹҲװгֵķչе嶼ͬʽڱ޺ͰĻĶǳ򵥣ֻصʹԭʼװƶáǧƪһɵҲҵӰ졣װʺһ˵һȡģڰ˺ͱ˵װ֮䣬صлķֱԭʼװεĹϵһϸۡԲȻĻ⣬ͶͼֻѡЩмʵġԭʼֲʳΪµȲҵԼϾչܣŮȥԶֲȱע⡣ǾͿ˵Ϊʲôõúܷḻֲﻭ⣬˵װȴ޽еˡ23Ѿ˵෴شġӶװǨֲװ꣬ʵĻʷһҪǴԱǨũǲֶܸ϶Ϊװת䵽ֲʱڣǺת䵽ũʱǡͬġԭʼũװĽ˹֮ӵӰ죬ͬʱȻĻ仯ںˡ֪һĻ׶ε֮Уֻ޵ĴˣDyaksofBorneoֲװ꣬ȻɵǴйӡȴȥġڰգAncon³˵ĻƥУҲѰһһ棬йŴͭȴкԵĻͼڹŴİֲװҲͨԭʼװⶼǴֹҵϺͱӵĹȡģڱӣҲᡣƶխĻʵֻһЩˮ׼ߵƷǴڼԽĻ֮£ǳᾧǲֵġֻӦ򵥶ٱ仯Ļ   
Ȼ͹յĻ⣬ֲͳϮģʱΪҪֵýϷϾ¡˵к͹̶ɱ̥֯Ŀװ꣬һӡʱͼԭʽҪЩΪǱڱװϵĹŹͼΣȥǲԣɶԴΪ˱ʱ̰ȻʽŪ򻯣һֱģҲ24յĻҲּԻӰ졣ƱˣʹͷһƬ֯һسϮ߸ϣֻҪ͹ˡĵתУûԳرķЩĻʷѧ߰ԭʼ˵Ļ̫ˡԭʼĸлǵȫҲһ˿ĺۼ͸ֵûˡ   
ԭʼװʽֱȡʡƩֱߺͶǵʽԽΪڱ֯ģ¡ģǰˣֱ֯εͼȻʽֻҪһ£ʱ˵ĶϵƤëͼεؿƱ֯Ϳˡ˹˹ҲδףһйԴҰǡܹһԲȦһߡΪǵ˼ܲ״Ӽͼεͳнų25   
Ȼ˹˹ĽͣȴԼеЩͼķ֤˺ˡֻҪ۾ˣԿаޡˡĳߣǺͶСĻһöġǿɲ˹˹ŵѧԨһάоרңһð˵ĵߣǡʯȥοһľȣʱע⵽ڴӼͼε֧нųԼͷԣһʱҲǲġʵԺҲͬǰѰ˵ͼΣΪǵߴһ֮µһȻʵڵģͼڵнΪϰͿĻ滭ȴıʻĻ߶ú26طķģGottfriedSemperָ߼ܼ֧䡣ΪļҲӦԭʼ   
ԭʼװܵԭʼĻӰ죬ǲʶģԭʼװĻӰ죬ȴ׼漰ģȻֻװꡪװݵĻܣװ֮ǴҪģԤҲǲҪġ˻ͷʱٶþߵװװһǾպ;ܾġһߵϵװ꣬˻˵ļҳľŵϣȫûӰġȻ˵ϰƶԭʼ˵Σƺϡߵġڵʵأڰ޺ŷ޴һעģ֪˵ѡעƷҵȴȽϵı޹ؽҪ˵ԭʼװΪλķֱûʲôֵһеҪɵߵϵװΣȻǽ˸£ȻûЩҲȻͬȨֻжϵװŵãǶȴֻа˲У岢С޶ϵĻʹ˶ϵ˵ĹħһĴŵ˵ʣЩȻֻһЩʶħļǺŶѡǵþװԭʼУҪӰǸ蹤յķչһִ̼װҪգָʵԷ㡣ǿҵҪҲܰھѹµĵͼʱֻѹȱµʽʱĲǰ˺еֹպװ֮ķƷнչ֮ԭʼװӰ죬ģڼǺźͱʶϵķչʽҪӺöࡣװڷĳֻһִҪʣĿʽֻʵʶҪ״̬ϵһӵľ븽ڴ֦һǺñѸٶʢȫӵĳҶͻڱסˡڿͷͺҪװ꣬չӹ㷺ḻˣͬʱҪװҲʧȥԭչʽȥˡԭʼ˺˵װ֮䣬ǵʲͬӰ죬ҲǸġҪо߼װӰ죬뱾ķΧ̫ԶˡЩӰ첻صģٿ˵װ֮ھӪƳϵ棬ǲƻġ   
1ZeitschriftfrEthnologieVolp89   
2EnrenreichBeitragesurVolkerkundeBraziliensp25   
3HolmesAncientArtoftheProvinceofChiriquiAnnualReportoftheUnitedStatesBureauofEthnology1884and1885pp178183   
4StolpeEntwicklungserscheinungeninderOrnamentikderNaturvolkerVienna1892   
5BroughSmythVolp251   
6IbidVolp294   
7BroughSmythVolp284   
8RatzelVolkerkundeҳһŲͼӡ   
9BroughSmythVolp259.andVolp285   
10BroughSmythһҳɵأЩֵģоʹõķΧΪЩ˽⣬һҪ顣ҵойıҪʱһȤоڽСЩҪоҲṫ֮Ŀ֪ʶǻǵһ֪   
11JournaloftheAnthropologicalInstituteVolp253   
12ڶƱ濴Ϊ߻ߵļĿ̺ۣҲûװʵġ   
13ڱطûзͰޡеһֻƶȡȻ߶ħΪܣȴӡڰʿǵͼһĹϵ   
14һ޸ˣڲиҽ˵ѱһ˿ˡһļǺš˵ֽСĽMurranҶ˼󣬹ȻһEucalyptusϷһҶͼΡΪģBroughSmythһҳͼΣڷĹ;طϣҲʱ֪ڡ   
15Щʢˮ翨˺޵м䡣   
16ڸλFreiburg˰ޱıǹ֤ʵǵһ˵ʯӢʯǹͷڸϵģڶ˵ĺʯǹͷýճסģͿνӴͿ˴״װꡣֿɵתͣýճķΪʡǮԱͽֵǮһźá֮ͿĭҲû塣   
17FechnerVorschulederAesthetickVol190   
18鲻ϸ˵ֿеĸݡҪһ˵ҲǲܡᣨGurneyڡThePowerofSoundһУ׽˾յһ۵Ĳʵ   
19ŷޣ򵥵ĻֻвƩ˵ֱԵм򵥻ƵÿɺHeimbergbeiThunʿ͵¹̳һ   
20ǲָ˵߶ԴġƱҲвͬķ鲻ͼʽеĽϸ߷չѡ   
21οRuskinSevenLampsofArchitectureVolChap   
22ǿԾٳһȻҲǱġձ˵װʱǲԳƵġֲԳװεģǷڶԳʽϵϵġձǲԳƵԭΪ䲻϶ȴһġ   
23֪ԭʼ˺ûװԼģȻ˺Ͱʱȴ÷ǳõĻݳڼ˹ȴ⡣ά˵ûװ壬ڷϡ   
24Ѿ۲ЩתУӰڡḶ́ȲܿԴˣMelanesianװȥοStolpeEntwicklungserscheinungeninderOrnamentikderNaturvolker   
25BroughSmythһҳȫһԭʼװоͨڲԽؽȫ棺Ǵװʱ״ӼͼεųǲһԲȦǻߡ˻ߺžӲǵġǻ߿˵һ֣װл֣߳Ѹ߳ҰˡҰ˵ξģǻߵӦܱʾһֱȴ⼸֮ӦõĻϸߵ󡣡ѧԭġ   
26ıͼaǸζơ漸λƵĵο̵ģǼǺͿģٲصһƵĶġֹصǼ˹´ҲͿģԳߺܶࣨͼb.бתصļλȫο̵ġ        
Դ 
Ľ     
    
ʷǰʱĹӶɣDordogneѨзЩѱ¹ڵĵע⡣ЩͶźԼʯƺ͹ƵþУ¹ǵƬе̵ĻơЩ̴ŶġģΪֺȷʹܹѧϵļҰѱ¹ɽҰţŪġһ¹Ƕ̵ΪɫϿһƥԾѱ¹ͼΣִֹ֮ҲˡѾ˵̵Ĳѱ¹Ľǣרҵжϣ¹ֻʵʱ̵ܵģǶ϶λ뷨ϲЩѱ¹ͬʱ֮ǷͼԶĹŴġԴӲЪ°ض£BoucherdePertheoԺǶĹѾûԤ̫ʱ˾ɼ̫ʱ̫ˣȻ˹ֲķΪƷ1˵ƷǱ֤ģʱȴûпʹ˻ɵĵط2ЩмִҰУҲͬѱ¹ʱҲδʷǰʱһһˡԭʼȴ׿εĲȻдʵƷʵֵġ   
ǰѸһ°աԾɴӰ˵𡣵ѧĻʷѰ˻ˡ޵ʱ򣬾΢С˵ɲܾСһһ꣬ΤˣWakeϻ׶صѧ·Ƕ£OldfieldĶԣΪûаͶǰͷԵȲֻر޴ǲŻʶҲ˲⡣3ЩȤİ޵̣ʮǰѾġдˡһĩβۣGeorgeGreyϾѾڰޱϸڶUpperGlenelgط˼ҶͼһҶбĸǶʯϣһɫİ񣬱Ǻɫġͷ­ΧһȦߣʺɫǴͷεġ4׳⣬۾ͱӶúƽɹֵû죬Ǻеͼһĵط5ɫɫɫͻɫıߡ´üʱʾָϵĶǴ޺еքۣƤѡĸͷɫ˵沿º˵ΪŮˣǺǻעǸҪ񣻸˵ͷ϶ɫһڲΧ˴ӡһѣһϸһıȫͬȫû죬ҿȴܺÿȫͼĵӶǰɫġ6ҶĶϣһɫԲΣϺźɫĶߣмһߵİ״жϡԲһɫĴмǹͷͼΡͼԱߣһɫ񣬼ϱһɫĴ⻹Ͷͼȴú׾ӡڶҶǰ棬ɳҵһͷͷ߶ӢߣʮӢ磻߽вһӢ룻̵÷ǳӣȫ˵㲻ҰһļҪ׿öࡣ7    
Ҷеķ֣ȴˡҪͼʮӢӢߵ񣬴´ɫѣ׼ףֻ¶̵úֺܻͽšͷ­ΧһȦ졢ơɫȦӡֻֻ۾ͷϵȦһɫ߻ܹרŵġǲܹһλһװꡣȷЩڶҶеͼ͵̶˵ּȻּ⻹Ҫ֤Ϊ硣ЩΪЩƮŷ˻˾̵˻ģΪ³壬ɾ͡ʵòɵģǷֵϸԽЩͼİ˵ƷߣЩͼΣ˵һҪ֪ʯϵĻ滭͵̣ڰޱǲϡġλЩڶͼе㻳ɵĸöҲ˵Щɫϣ棬еº˶֪ãɫúɫͻɫеȼվͱɫ8Щ͵ģ˵ճ飻һ⣬ǾҶ˵һۣ֪ȴǰеġĽģҲͰճõĲͬöϻΪЩͷϵΣոϵ¼ǲBugiMacassarĸƴɵģ9Ǿ֤ǸˣҲܾ˵߲һˡֻڼܹ⡣ǿ˸ͼԺ󣬾úĻ滭ڱ̬ϲ޴֮һǰļٶͷϵĻ֣ôͲ˹Burisй10ҾͿ֪˵ڶطͼǳֵ֮仰ȷġѾ˵Щ񲢲Ƕһ޶ġʯϵͼڱǺͨġ˹п˹Stokesڸ˹ForestierȺزDepuchϣͼȷһ˵ƽʯϿม񡣡ͼ֮ڣʯĺɫѾˣͳʯɫƷڼǺܳģһȥͿʶġ11˹п˹ͼжȫϡЩǶҹ㡢׳桢зȡ䶼Ǽ򵥵ļӰʽ񣬵ǷǳϡҲеģ˹п˹ĳìִܵսʿһߵͼΣڼȴԶЩЩͼεĿǳ࣬һ˲ٵʱաעЩࡢþߣԼͼʱвɵЩÿһʱڣ֮еĹµհ丸ϵǶڹļ̡ͺȳ쳶Raphael׿ޣMichaeAlangeloúͻʹıڻܵ˵ĳĿ֣ҲλҴӽ̻ʡȫܵĲࡣ12    
ڿǣCarpentariaɳ˹ķChasmϣɫұɫͺɫͼڹꡢһֻ֡һֻ󣬺ʮˣеĵ˱˴彣13ڶˣClacksһʯϣúͿ˵ӣϱðѻƵ㡢ڹꡢΡ㡢ľͧȮ֮࣬ͼһʮϡ14Լ˺ǣCapeYorkһ뵺ϣ̩ޣNormanTaylorҵһƽʯڣͼúԵġһͬͼһԻƵ㡣ʯϣ˼ܺõڹ꣬ʹ̩뵽ϤᣨSydneyᣨBondiطʯ̵Ρ15ᵽϤطʯͼǺͰ٤˹AngasдĲɺۣPortJacksonĵһġ٤˹˵ǰѸıƽʯԿԺҵ˲ŹֵͼΣʹȷǳֵ֮ģȻȷǵʱǸǽĥΣȻڼӲʯϿһӢ֮ָЩͼѾľǿԿЩǺܹŵƷſͷȻЩּǼٶȷĴͼŷ˻ģǾǼ龹Զ˼ٵĺʯҲͬĵ̣һֶǴ㡢ơìԼġޱ̬֤ȫǱط⡣ǳ˵Ʒ⣬Ľۡ;óĹŷģһҪһЩʹñӵȥġԼһˡʱһλѧдΤ˹˵ʱдǶڵ̺ܸȤǵþϴñǵƬϴªο̣ʯϿԿָͼΣ㡢񡢽޵ȵȣҶ̵òЩͼγʮӢߣͼϵĶƣ˹ģStephen۵ЯȫͬLane壬ϣAikenۺɰأPiperۣͬķеɰظ۵ʱϵĵ̣ڱֳص԰ԵıƽʯҲҵȻһϸٺҵ࣬Ҳܻ16գPhilippֲѧ壨BotanyBayͲɺۣж㡢񼰴棩ơͼοʯϣʻӣɽұ̵һΪ档17   
˵ǳ̵ķֲˡһĹȻԺŷ޵ıڻǳᲢۣǵͻҲкͰúѬڵƤϻͼ֮ͬڡɵأʯָ׹γɵдǰߵĳɹϧûиѼͳ档Ļ滭͵̶ֻһ󣬶ƤȴһȺйϵͶܵľɫ軭˹˹ּԵƷ⻭Ƥԭ۶TyrrellСݵһݶ˲ǲϤ˵ϰߣûܹ˵Ľ̵Щͼָ׻úѬڵƤϵġͼ¶ˣȳһӣܻСҲʽʯһ϶һȺޱ裺ĵŮ棻Աмˡ߸ļȺߵԲȦִһߡһڶľͧ׷һֻˮұһֻƵСأֻˮСصһһ֣һǹˣ߶һ̶ˡ˵Ա߷þߡǵ϶һƬƽһֱչȫͼĶˣƽϵ׺һЩɢľ͸ֶЩľͶﶼ÷ǳáߵĴϣһ˳Ÿһֻ׾ţֻšһֻ𼦺һͷߣһжú׼ȷȫͼصĲߣǴһͼṹӴ׾Ȼÿһʻʹ˲۶Ͼܡ   
ƤһֵģۺΣUpperMurrayһǦʺ͸ֱʻ컭ɹһд˹˹ѰӡڶСǲΪ˵ıŷ˸ľͶ϶ܹŷ˵ѵֱǸδ̻ܽꡣдúܿ죬ûģضȫԼ˼һŵϲһս赸赸߸˻ǹͶƣǡԾʱơһȺޱˣߵ赸һҶװΣұϽһѾԾĸŮֶӣͷһľЪһֻȫͼ°Ե龰һڶľͧìһ׼˲ڲݴڿֻš˵ͼӦüرע⣻Ϊڰ˵У⻹Ψһ侰ƷڶͼҪͼҲǡޱ裬Աһŷڹۿ϶غݣݶм˺̴ѡǼԾһ渫ͷ׷һֻ᣻һڶľͧìһ㣻һҲڶľͧ׽һֻڹꣻǹһšЩͼδǲ滭úһȻȴǳбҺ˹˹лһһдͼǱʻ֮ȴϹͼеһȺũ򣬺֤ߵĹ۲Ǻܸߵģ˹˹˵кǿҵĬζһ18ʱҲͼñǻľϣЩϵװһ˹˹ҲһܺõһYarraĹꡣͼؿľϣЩǰͼλԭѾˣԲͼͬҲ֪ÿͼε壬ΪϵߵˣѯԭģЩʾ߲Ϊûʳģ¶˵ĹŹͼǡĦ·˹Mooroopsǹ֣ħġ19Ѿ˹˵СУҲͬͼݿ£Calder˵ɽϣһЩСݣô׾ľ̿װΡһŻһܲȻĴǰȾȺȳһڶǻ𼦡    
һֻģޣָǹġһսͼȴܽܳееڲеѵڵ¡20   
ǴЩдͼУƶϳ޻ͼһա˵ͼ裬ֻһССǶɫڻ滭õɫǺװõһǺ졢סֿʵϡɫľ̿ģɫԴû֪Щ϶֬ãòܻ֬Ϳ棬ڶҶھġ21ЩͼУû˷Ӱμ   
ЩͼеǵʯͷľͷϵģеõɫͿûͿӵұ档ЩҶǧƪһɵϲֻͼλһȻٰͼܳǲԡֻһбģȻҲżȻ֮ʡǿԶ϶ĺͿıһİжûеġ͹Ŵһ˰ѶǷǰµʵڵλġ˵Ļ滭⣬һǺԵûйϵĵͼΣһǻӵģͼκܷࡣЩĺͳ׵ͼΣȥ⣬ճΧҪ֣ص˵һ˵Ұ˵ġĻ룬ûڰ˵ͼз˵ǻ̫࣬˵̫١ЩͼеʽʵάάФЩǽʵʽͶФķڻϣô׾ĳЧŷ˲ٵ豸õģҲ   
Щ滭ŲֻǼСЩһС˵궼軭۵طǵ®ƤڸǵģϲƤ̻ľ̿滭徰ɫΪ֡궼ǻ滭ţдǳ֮Ѹ١22հAlbertLeSoueҲΪЩձ鶼е̺ͻ滭ķǳܡ23ǰЩһ£ͿԿֲȻĴġڰޣǵĻ֮䣬Ҳиߵ֣֮ǾϿ˻滭ŵıȴȽŷ˻ҪձЩ   
ͰһǳΪޡĲеĻ滭֪ʶͲܣҲһˡҲͰһЩޡĲ˲ַϣȴй۲дʵţʱΪֵȥԳƵѧߵļĿġ   
˵ʯ̺ͻ滭Ϸ޷ǳ֮࣬о߾ںӹȥʲFritschںǣHopetownɽϵƽʯͷϣˡĶͼÿһʯͷϾжʮʮϵͼΡ24˵ͼεķֲܹ󣬴ӺͨȫҺΣOrangeӡɣMarkHutchinsonڵ౤DrachenbergסҶУǽȫͼݲɣHubner˹TransvaalġGestoppteFonteinʯϣжٸͼΡ25   
Ϸ˵ͼ似ķȫǵ԰˵ͬЩͼΣüӲʯͷڻҺڵʯϿ̻߶ɵģЩͼΣɫͿڵɫʯϵġǵϣͰһƣֻʺ졢ɫɫͺɫҲɫ֬ͻѪ֭裬ëͿĨ26ģҲͰ˵һȫճľʲ˵ЩʱԼĻ롣ٳǸΨһӣǿ۵˵˵ݶѣKeypoortһʯϣһкɫߣһߡŵɡƵĶʵ˽⡣27ģеֱȤĶ綯ˡһרԵֲĺӣǱȻ¡ȻûֲϷǵĸߵȶȴ÷ǳϬţ¹ˮţǡԳһйţȼڸֻ滭УϷ޵ͼҲľȷùСˣųǹĴˣſñŻǹĲˣBoerЩͼδ˴˶ϵ֮£Ҳĸӵͼơ滭עģǲ뿨˵սͼǰдӰ踣ıתġԭھɣHermon̻ҶСͼлһ͵һȺţ͵ʧĿ׷龰ЩǿеæţȺȴŹתͷЩǹìͶڿ׷ĵˡ˵ֵģͼС˵ߵܶ࣬ΪʾСҷǿĿ֮⡣28˵Ļ滭Ʒǰİ˵ԭʼ滭һľȻʽ˶;ȷдݲɣButtner˵мֵ״̵÷ǳǾʴĶϼƬҲɵؼͼ⡣29սͼעĿģ쳣Ծ־ȷдڽֻտ񷨲ſһ˵ֻ滭ҲͰ˵һû侰ҲģڲеĸңҲв˶侰Ļԭ˵ͼоԶͼΣͻñȽСЩǼעġּһͼ˵ͼп׿гһԲȦӸһ׷侰ԶҲԴͼпԶ˼ͼξͽΪС30Ҳһ˵侰ͱ߶Ӧõ׼ȷһֻţһֻıζ棬ֱΪõķ۱   
İ˺Ͳ˻滭ҲȫӦڱĸСס޺޵ıشĸ壬˲ˡ˺Ͱ˹Ħ壬ϲ滭صַҲǵƷСЩͼƪܴ޺Ϸ޵ļʽʯ滭ڱûмҳͼοں棬úľ̿֬һ麣Ƥ档32һ˵˵ҲдʵǺͲ˵Ļ滭ͬġ   
Ҳرϲġճ;ءڰ˹Ħ˵ĺĵϣǿԿԲεСѩݺƤƵļòָŵܺͺ󣻻Ƥʻ½غȮǰе˲˵Ļ滭УȥЩͼ⣬ճӽѱ¹ҲͨǹŹֵñӵüϣҲƤĴ׽ȫĴǷǳϡ١ϣ²ʵ£Hildebrand˲˵Ļ滭УֻһʵûеĶһˣ˲ʽ·һԴһԲȦС33һĳʵڰ˹Ħ˵ȤͼУҲйа˹ͼġѿܣQandjagdjugĴ˵档34ͼУ˺ͨİ˹Ħûʲôֱ𡣱ʽڱ϶ǰ£ûжлͼУҲͰһȱ侰۲ǵͼȴȻ侰Щ35棬֮ȫͬĸֵͼκ͸ͼʽͶ϶ФȻͰ벼˵Ļ滭һ˾̾   
ڻ滭ûдչȴһ淢չΪܼ˺Ͳ˶̣ȴĵ̼ңʵڵģǴǹͷϿȷʵԭʼеĳɹƷ   
ЩСĵλΡΪӣܰԳֱֳȷȶ̵ûЩ36ȷʵǾ˵Ʒֵľ㡢󡢺ܡ񡪡֮ڱĶǶܾȷֱ̳Ϊѧҵоϡ˵ִƷ֡   
У޴Ҫͬȼֵԭʼ̣Ǳݵѱ¹ʱ37Ҫ˵˹ĦļߣȻǺǵԭʼƷĹǲĵ෴߲һ㰣˹Ħ˶еģʱҲ٣ǵķֲʱھסڰ˹Ӱ뵺һ塣Ǵּߺе赸²ǰ˹Ħ˱ǴӾסӡڰѧϰġӡڰ˶ּӦúܹԼġ38ּ߶ڰ˹Ħ˻滭ܵҲްֻҪһۼԺ̾ͿԷֱߺڹͷԭʼͼεĲ֮ͬ㡣ߺͰ˼˵ԭʼƷһȫдʵʣڼȴ󲿷ֶǾԻƷԵģֻƷӡڰΪڵϷΪ39ǶſƲJacobsenӰֹѼĲϣͰ˹ᰲBastianġһеĲϼԹ۲ʱǻоڿȲʱĻȻʾԭʼȻЩдĶҲõĹͷϵֳͬİ˹Ħ˵̬ͻһ40ǴĶȴòʵʡЩѪ¶ݵףеǰһѪƿڣеĳһֻ˵۾еһ״һͷѶΣֵĴպһһѼһˮ̡Ȼ軭ģǴӷһֳһħ41һħͷֻ֣һͷֻǻԿϲ˹ZucretiusԭʼڵĶʱЩϵļϣֳһ壬̵ģShamanicУһֽСԿˡamanguakģڡ࣬ͺԱ㲶׽ʽеġּߵͼҪǰ̵Ҫ񡣼ߵ沿ͿԻҡɫ֣ϻ̵м仹һͼ沿ߵ棬ףڷм׵ĺɫԲЩԱʾĳڣ㽫̵ķӡ42ָӵͼΣȻԭʼƷǶЩԼӿ죬ͻ֪ЩţʵĻ֮½εĳɹڲҪȫ˵赸ߣഫʦŬѼЩƺҲԭʼƷֻЩߴ󲿶ǻĺҿԸǵ粿ЩгڷĹϵļߣҲõһ֣ҴDallҲɵļߡЩ߶Ǵһʽϸ¹ϻ඼Щƽ߶ԼʮӢ磬ڿԼʮӢʮӢ硣м϶һ񵫲ƽıӣֱüë촽ʹ죬ڿľʵСݡȫȾŸɫǺڡɫľżëǰϷͷڱǿ׺Ϳڲſߺ󷽽ϣܲȻĸ߸ߵİĶ䡣ϿŻŸʽߡЩڵ̼Ͽǳɣ뵽ʯƻƵ̵ģΪܿɹ󡣡43   
ĲܣڸкռУֲܲһ¡ȫСЩӵ估˺пУȫûŴڣЩ֪꣬ڰȺ˵ҰĻУǴûŬдһȻûл滭ġ   
ҪԭʼƷ˵֮ǰȰѸƷĹͬԼԼ˵ԭʼڲϺʽ϶ȫģȻġȥ⣬ȻļΪĻѡͬʱ޵Ĺ߰дþȻдĲǺƶģ侰õƷУҲ걸ΣǴƵͼпԵõʵĳɹ߼õмġԭʼҪֶʵʹʺһ塣ʱԭʼͼͶͯĻ滭⣬ʵǺ֡ܲȷģΪڼɶͯĺͿУûһ滭Ȼе۲ǵĶͯһϺǽϵƷʵдʵߡͯԭʼΨһ֮㣬ֻкߺǰһĲ֪侰ͯĻ滭Ұ˵Ļ滭˵ּ̻¶󡣵һͯһͼн·һرŴʱΪȱɶǹƣһΪԭرע֮㡣ͯҰʵ϶ڷҲкǿǿƲԭʼƷУҲзַ̻ĿܡҪָҲ׵¡˵ֻЩŵرʾԭʼƷǷ̻Լ͸ԭΪ̵ֻһԭʼ   
Ѿ˵ѧ԰ǰΧŷѱ¹ڵԴĺڰԹⲢδΪǵĽѾ֪ЩʷǰһֵʱЩҰУȫƵƷǶʱİˡ˺ͱƷȻͶѱ¹ڵƷһĲܽһķֲΧúޣҪܹ˵ĻʣЧǷܹͼĻУҵ⻹һ⡣ԭʼƷʱ˼أǴûϸ˵²ѧŷǰ˵ˡڸĹ۲ԣȥ֮⣬ЩƷʲôأҪʣһԭͻȷӡڶ͹Ӧõ˶ٺ͸оٵ˷չܷ϶ЩԭʼУۺ֡öûиƶЧʣô澺ˡȻѾԵָΪҪϡʹḻ򣬼ԭʼ߶Ұ³ʺϰûоȷ˽֪ʶ͹۲ҲԾɻһġȣCollins˵˵쳣ǵʵȫԼ񡣡45޵شԽֺͲԭ׷żܺ޴ҵƤצۣЩһŷ˶׿һ֪̾µĺۼǾɵĺۼǶΡڸоӡϵļȷʵ˾졣˹أStuart˵ǰǿһСʱʮЩ˻ʶҲ̸Ƶľ顣46ʲЩ˵ǿŸоսʤеϷˡʹ˾ǲ׷ѰżĹܹѸٵֲĵ׷ѰżǿʮעӣںȻתЩ쳣¼ʱǾͻһƱʾϸ΢۲47ûһ̽ռҲޱ˹۲ͻáKane˵ǶǵĻļ֪ĺꡣϵÿһ仯紵ǳע⣬ֱ仯ڹӰ죬ǿǹ۲챾ضϰߵͬĸоԤ֪һС岻һҪǲҪ׷͹۲޵һҪ֪β׽ķҪõκαƷ֮ϡر𷢴ʵ档ΪҪЩı澺ǱרһļıչʵϣõԵߣȫϵɣõªǵļȴáһַǳĹ۲߿˵ȷǷǳֵģǶϸ죬̾ɵĸЩȥʵϲǵ򵥡48֪ȥĶҩȺΧмɽԻڱһ캮ǽܶɵĵطȴߵļܴڡԭΪĻ׾ӣѩֽƶȴҲɺ̫ƽ岢˶ɧPrinceWilliamSoundط˵ÿһѧҲ˵ǿЩϸĲӡͼԺ󣬾ͲԭЩ߻ĶΪˡ49۲յԭʼдʵҪʣͬʱҲԭʼزٵܡڿףԭʼ滭ԭʼ澺ɵҲΪʲô滭ĲԭʼǺձˡֻҪǸߺˣҲǸȥĻҺ͵̼ҡͬ򵥵˵ǿкܶдʵţΪʲôڵͼũȴǳϡ١ʲڲдͰͼˣBantuġ̳ЩӲͼΡ֮ìܣкܺõĽ͡ìڲۺδĻͬУԣϷ޵رԼѡũȻĻϸ߹壬Ȼȴöࡪɴ˿ɼĻĹϵЩѧ˵򵥡ַȫ˽ġΪũ壬϶ҪĹ۲͹ռȻ˥˲͵ĲܣҲʮ顣   
ѱ¹ʱ⣬ѧĽˡЩ۵ͼΣԭʼĹͼжȻʵ֮ǲǷϹƷ֤ݣһ֤ʵϹƷľ֤ݡ   
ѰЩԭʼ˵ĵ̺ͻ滭Ȼʵϵ׷ϲϣȴдǣΪǻûŪЩ滭ǲҪġѧһ⡣һϵ˵ڿʼʱڽ̵ĸӹԺŽΪġϵʵȴûгֵɡȷĸΪڶطͼҲڽģǲѧ߶ûзص塣Ҳûİһҳһ塣ҲǿģЩͼһС֡ڽġЩͼΪԼʺʵĶĹҲûдӰ˵ƿȥҲӰҮս̵뵽ּ֮ٶûеõ֤ʵ֤ʵӰӶûпʱȴ˵ЩͶͼǵ⻹ʲô˼ڡȷ֪ЩƤϵͼǺڽ̵Ĺ;ȫɵġ50   
ϷʯϵЩ裬岢Ȱ޵¡һ֪ˣйTheophilusHahnģǣǻǵȫڶдȤ51ڱ˵ξûȻֻҪǵˣ׻ǵʵԡڵȴٴЩڽ̵塣˵ǵСͧһСͧ˵ͼ˵Ǳ㲻ᷭ52ϣ²ʵΪ˲˵ĵ̣һõģԿִ֤ڶ˺֮عϵ53ſƲڰ˹Ħڰ˹ϺĹϷõĹƤͧ¹ģͣΪǸˣԺ󡢺ѱ¹ʱȥġͬУҲߵļƷӣβȫſ˲˵ŮһľżƤƵͷϡ54ȻЩ۲춼Ƕڵ̵һֶѣһСֶѣǿЩ̣ͼȴڽȫ޹ءѧ̸ϰ˹Ħ˵̼ȥЩԭ˴ǵĶˡ   
ȷĻĳھͺڽ޹ϵġԭʼǵ֤ڽ̵ģҲʾġ   
ΪЩϡľϺ͹ϵǻ滭֡ĳϽÿһͼ֣Ϊÿܴһ˵޵ġޱͼһƪ֣˺ͿеǷϷҶеͼҲһƪ֣ƹȥ쳶ıڻҲδһƪ֡ȻһͼڱǲһƪֵģǷͼʧȥԭĿ꣬˵ĳ塣滭ıĿӡ󣻶ֵıĿȴ˵һͼΪ˵ȷ;ϸֻҪͨȥܹʶͺˡǶһͼһƪ滭ֻ֣ҪһͼǷԱʼ򻭾ͿԼġǲûڰ˺Ͳ˵ͼзε෴Щͼеÿһʼ֤ԭֻԭʵҰ޵ʵĶȫһַдġǴľϵļǺţ55ǵͼȫû֮ͬģЩȫ͵ӡͬʱһ棬ᷢ˵ľͷϺ͹ͷϵͼǼ˵ͼΣʵֵʶ١   
ۣMalleryۡӡڰ˵Ļ滭֡УһĻ滭ֶ˵56ӦõҲǸӷǷ籾ʮͼǴﳭġľϿͼϣͱլԶгȥˡ57򼢶ҪʱҲķеЩɵǻ滭Ȼͼвͬĵطһ滭ڱҲǺռġ٣ӣǴӰ˹Ӻһӡڰ˵ӰеģΪǵоȷʵ֮ܶǺ˵˵Ļ滭һֻ滭֣ǵĵ̸̣ˡ   
ǿ˵⣬ԭʼ˵͹Ǽûڽ塢ûĿġ֤ЩͼڴȤˣǺܿȫǡ   
Ƿǳ֮£˴ǶĻԭУ˺Ͳ˴ȴԳгôЩռûʵõʵǺѵõġڱвûнԭʼ˺ԻȺԭԽ͵ΡֻҪʾȤ۲Ӧֵļɾ͵ҪأﵽǵĿġ   
ǲģʼִ죬ԭʼļֵǲӵġȻǷӰ쵽ȴǸ⡣ڸ߼ĻУʱԱһּּʵʵĶϣĳд챣ڹŴոʱֱŮڽ̺ĹһڻڴʯĻͭĻɫƷУʹŽᣬʹͬһ塢ͬһšǿ˵ϣɳеʷҲʷȻڻ滭͵Ŀ죬ҲһѵûиĲϼӽȥǲԴӸ߼ĻȥóһõͼĻȥĽۣԴˣǷתҲǲԵġ   
ҪٶԭʼǺͶҪģȴûʲôɿݡҪ֪Ӱ죬ڵͼε΢ֻҪ֪ĻʣЩдĻʣûҪĲ֮ͬʵͿ֤ҲаټսͼЩԲʷʵϷսͼʹŽȻһ˵ԭʼķΧ̫СּªƶҪ̵Ӱǲܵġ˿֪ԭʼĻĹԭǶ෽ģʹûԭʼĻԸһԾһġ   
1ԳڴӪĿ˹պKeslerLakeзһźһͼĹȷִ֪ƷҶ֪ӪķڷĹע֮   
2һ෢ˡһ˰˾粩ѧչУһǴMasdAzilĶѨзġЩ̵ͣLaugerieBasseѱ¹ʱͼΣҪΪҪϴˢЩµʱĻɣһּ֤ǱָģЩһרָ֮½еġ   
3JournAnthropinstһҳ   
4ޱˣһͬͷΣʱϣС١oogee   
BroughSmythһˡҳĲͼ   
5УAndreeΪΪҪֹе˵˶಻ϻ족ǴġEnthnographischeparallelen°汾ҳ෴ӿɲBroughSmythһ˰ҳҳͶҳRatzelVolkerkudeҳҳ   
6JournalsofTwoExpeditionsofDiscoveryinNorthwestandWesternAustraliaһҳһһ档   
7һҳ   
8WaitzGerlandһҳ   
9WaitzGerlandҳ   
10WaitzGerlandҳº˵طȥǺܲ١JukesNarrativeofTheSurveyVoyageofHMSFlyһһҳ   
11˹п˹DiscoveriesinAustraliaһߡҳ   
12˹п˹DiscoveriesinAustraliaһߡҳ   
13WaitzGerlandҳFlinderssVoyagetoTerraAustralisһҳ14WaitzGerlandҳKingNarrativeofaSurveyoftheIntertropicalandWesternCoastsofAustraliaҳ   
15BroughSmythһŶҳ   
16AngasWoodNaturalHistoryofManҳ   
17WaitzGerlandҳ   
18BroughSmythһҳ   
19BroughSmythһ˾ҳ   
20NativeTribesofTasmaniaJournAnthropInstһҳ   
21˻ߴӷ绯ʯɵߴһȥúɫϡճϸʿȽϵĲ࣬мֱûСɫڻʯ͹ز㵽ܶࡣڵ͵ز㣬ûаѣ˾ʯ͸ʯճܺõİɫɫǴľ̿úġBroughSmythһҳɫҲԴһֻۻϳһֺɫЩֲ֭ˮҲϡΪɫȡWaitzGerlandһҳ   
22BroughSmythҳ   
23Ibiažҳ   
24ʲEingeboreneSuDAfrikasĶҳ   
25JournAnthropInstʮҳfurһҳ   
26WoodһŰҳ   
27ʲĶҳ   
28AndreeEthnographischeParallelenNewSeriesҳ   
29furʮʮҳ   
30Ibidʮʮҳ   
31JournAnthropInstʮҳװ˹Bainesǡǰ˵෴˶侰ȫˣʡԷҲһǲ۾ģβһֻǻһʡȥǴ˵ıĽϺõƷ֮׾ƷͰװ˹ͬ£WoodͼҲ׾Ʒȫ˵˵Ļ滭ܡ   
32˹Ħ˵Ļ滭ǿ΢ĺϺ͹ģǹΪܶȡ֮áHildebrandBaitrageZurKenntnissderKunstderniederenNaturvolkeNordenskioldStudienundForschungenһҳڸҳͼϣһƬ˲ںƤͼ⻹мϣ²ʵģд˲˵ͼΪδӣVegaԶֽǦʻġ˹ChorisVoyagePittoresgueautourduMonde˵ľñüϣһȡ;дͼ   
33Beitrageһһҳͼ   
34AnnualReportoftheBureauofEthnology188485BoasTheCentralEskimoһҳҳ   
35HildebrandһһҳһͼУԶѱ¹ȻձСBoasһҳͼΪ   
36Ҳ⡣ڷٱѧѧһŮʯģֱͣŷ޵̼ҵд   
37ͼοHildebrandҳBoasڰ˺͵ھͼп   
38οAndreeEthnographischeParallelenNewSeriesһҳ   
39ڰ˹ӵıطļϣѼı걾ڲ˹壨BristolBayڿ˹ƹķӣKuskoguim̿գYukonӼļӡDallMasksandLabretsthirdAnnualReportofTheBureauofEthnologyһҳ   
40οGrunwedelAmerikasNordwestkusteNewSeriesͼһͼͼһżͼ   
41οAmerikasNordwestkusteNewSeriesͼһͼͼͼֻϻΪӡڰ˻滭ɫ   
42AmerikasNordwestkusteͼһڶͼ   
43DallLoccitһġҳһһҳڶʮͼ漰ڶʮͼ档һ赸ߵͼΡɧSauerı˹Billingsмгġױʾ˵òմ˵ʬļдûмʬӡڰ˵Ρ   
44JournAnthropIntsʮһһҳ   
45CollinsNorthwestandWesternAustraliaһһҳ   
46WaitzGerlandҳ   
47FritschDieEingeborenenSudAfikasĶҳ   
48ο˹˹һһҳ۰˷ȥĵط   
49οBoasTheCentralEskimoһеͼ   
50ڽİ衪ħϵͼΣȫͬʡһЩɽɵģʱҲ뵽ƺϵװ꣬ȫʯϵдʵƤϵ費ͬԲοRatzelһҳĻͼ   
51ZeitschfurEthnol1879VerhderAnthGesҳ   
52CranzHistorieVonGronlandһ棬ҳ   
53ϣòʵBeitrageҳ   
54ſƲReiseanderNordwestkusteAmerikasҳ   
55HowittOnAustralianMessengersandMessagesticksJournAnthropInstʮ˾   
56MalleryPictographsofTheNorthArmericanIndiansѧоֵĴ걨   
57ԭͼǾɽɽĻʿDrHoffman밢˹ӵĦͽ͵ġͼ£һǴһָԼָȥķ򣻶Žʾȥ֧ͷ˯˼һָʾһҹġԲȦе㣬ǵзݵ˼塢͵һͼһһԲȦǵڶߡ͵ͼһָͷʾҹˡʾһѲ棬װɺʨӣʮһ幭ˣʮһһֻҡˣʮסȫͼ˼򵽵ȥҪڵ˯һֵһϣ˯ϣɱһͷʨŻؼҡһһİҳ        
Դ 
Ľ     
ڰ 赸   
ȡԸ߼ٿڵͼϳѿ״̬ǻ赸߱ΰʵġִ赸һ˲˵ĺˣԭʼ赸ԭʼֱʡȴı֡    
赸ڶĽĵûһ赸ûнġ赸ǵʿԷΪġʽĺͲʽ֡ġʽ赸ǶڶදĽġ£ʽ赸ĶȴκȻģ赸ԭʼĲĵλǲġ1    
Ĳʽ赸ޱ衣赸ÿһߵμ϶Ϊ赸ڰȫǺܳġֿޱ賣ҹУҴ¹֮¾СȻǲΪԵʾͰ赸Ϊڽ̵ʽ֮ҹѡΪҹġ赸ͨӣŮֺֻӡಿɵʢ᣻άǵطʱμ߾İ֮ࡣ3ʢںԼɵʱС4һйڰϵıȽش¼Ҳ赸ʾףʵķա׽ϖݵĿʼʽѺòĻϡսµĳԵĴջȵȣĺ͸ֲĿޱ趼˴ͬԿֻҪһ赸֪һСǼԼڲμ˹дάֳؾеǳ赸ա5賡ڹľеһƬĵϡŴ˸ĳµ⽻ӳ赸߳ǳںڰĹľд»װڴһ߶ۼЩֶӵĸŮһȻһһɳɳĥϳˡȦʮӣһͿŰѣȦϺ֫ųơ⣬ڽϵҶΧƤȹʱЩŮѾųһΡȫġÿϥһƽֱƤƤԵʱΪõġվЩŮ˺ʹĵСͨƤΧȹִָһڻΧһԲΡעĿѲ֮ת߽ЩŮͻȻһģЩ赸߾ƵųһвǰЩʱ߲쿴еʱֹͣһȫоʱͷźšӣ赸߼ʱӣŮƤ衣ޱͿʼˡ˳Ծ׼ȷͶҲǳг赸ߴţһྭѵĸ档ȡŸֿܵƣʱһߣʱǰʱֹһֻ߽ŶٴҲûţһһ˵ʱһùӣһصغһرɱĸ衣ûһͣʱˣʱ߸ھ質Ůˡ赸߽ظνţҲҲøݡá赸Ťȫ߸ߵռʣͬһּĺһͻȻľкʱһ賡һ·һźţ赸ҲٶųһΡ濴һκǼһεġŮǳʱһӡһ質ţɤҲˣһַǳתسüǵ֮β͵һĻ£ġĻҲͬСؼ˳һ赸ȴųеһӣһһߣںĸǰȺŮ֮ǰӳһ֫ɵĲɽĽᣬ˻߻ᵣ赸Ź˴˻ͷ­ʵǰһǶܵĹɡʱŵߵ㣻赸߸ߺŶٽԾţŮǷƵĴӣԸ߸衣Ż¼ƵҰϷֲһЩɫĻ𻨡ǵϸ߾٣һشӣ߾˳ˡŮҲɢСʱ֮ҫ֮³˽ϨδϨĲлޱǰ޵ĿޱCorroborry衣    
ӵĿޱѾ˵ǱǴͬСģǸŮ赸ʵں˽ܹǺܲͬġǿðEyre˵ľĸŮ赸6˵ĸŮͷ֣ŽţϥȴϥǴ졪źάԭĵλַɿջΪյúܿ죬»赸ߵһŮӻ򼸸ŮȻݡʱҲһŮһԵ赸֮ǰԼǵ赸һ״ǰʱಢŵϣһ䶯γһְԲΡһ赸ŽĹ֡˹˵Ŀޱе޼ļ¼жҲͰûʲô    
һעİ˺Ʊ˼ĺԵ֮Ҳ赸м䡣Ʊ˵赸Ͱ˵ƣֱԻ滻ݵʱҲͬѵķˡڵĿʼȬɥڵ˵ȵȣ򵥵˵ǿԼǿֵĸ鶼赸⣬ףڵʱಿ䶼ۼһMan˵ڴç֮ĿյϾۼһٶͿɫŮŮ͵Ĺԣʱÿһéɫ͸ɢȺڣͶӰһһи質еĸŮһ߿Կģ״ںЭݡߣͬʱʫߣվܹĵطһֻ̤խһˣ7һֻìһŹ֧壬һֻŵĽƻŸߵ壬Ϊߺ߻ġʵĶʱȫֹͣǶˡǵźһ٣һȺ߾ͼ˷ܵͶ볡ŵʱŮǵĸҲȡ䱳ȫϥһϡǰø룬һֵֻĴĴִָһֵֻĴָʳָ֮䣬ָ졣һֻǰÿڶһֻŶŵء͸ǰȫСƣ͵ʱ򣬿ĻУȷذսϥŸϢ8ڰ޵İŮӵ衣ҲԼ赸赸ۼ˵ļ¼ĿɻɵһַסȻǵļûᵽʲôرעĵط˵Ůһǰһֱۣͬʱһһµϥͷ߲ʱǰ¿ʼ趯    
˾ݵġţҲǵ赸ȥȻȱȫļᵽǲʽߡسBurchellڲ˵һ赸д꾡9赸ҹéеģﾡŮŮһԲζʣվĵλΪȡܵĻڴȼţֳúͿֵ״̬ΧҲ뵽ԼΪéͣһ˺ֱڼéҲֱһҪ֧塣ѹִ֧һԶĵذʹá弫ȻǰţӺѿ赸š֫ΪΧһƤûд·Ǻܾġ֮ͣ衣ʱù֧塣ÿһ鶼ȨֵʱԸþãȻһϵϼͨʹõġرģ֪ڵκҰûкġ10һֻι̵վţͬʱһֻȴϵѸٺͲĶϥͷڿܵķΧصƶݵλԵı䶯ΪҪ֧΢ƶʼո質źĶģʱ壬ַɿΪѶƣͣͶ׷ڵ´һȻŸ質תڵĸЭһվһµ衣һֻƣʱ򣬻赸еʱ򣬾һֻ滻ߵϸֻɵļСƬ񵰿ǣʹŵÿһǲҲɬͬʱݵĹЧһνһȫԱμʽں߶ҹաֺŸ質ʹģҳţġظϵغšŷڡŷڡAeoaeoǲûʲô壬ڷڡʱģҲ̡WaWaKuh׺Ůûв볪ģһ£ԾɺܺгġŮ˳ñȽϸͬʱҲһֱȽϻõ̬ȡѣArbousset˹Daumas¶ݵ赸һȫͬʡǵļˡʳʱǲģʳԺ󣬾¹֮µׯԾ豾طȽϣһȺССţԾֱȵʮƣȫʱǺǧֵĽǱݵĶǼѵģһˣһǸˣڵϣԡԴԴıѪУĦmokomaѪ衣11    
估˵赸֪ü١ֻ˽ŸɣYahgansһϷıݣЩҲġ赸12ڲʽ赸ȫ֪ȴܾʹ˶϶˵û赸п˵赸ڴļҲҲһ֡ά׵ķ赸ĴڣǰϣһЩļ˵ףʱԵĴʤ͹ٵʱ򣬴ҹ伯ϣΧŻѶ衣ӺŮӲμһԲȦΣÿһۻڰȫȦһתȫ̤תֻţźܿسһֻšһͷ˴˽£˺ɢʼճŵĸ裬ý̤13    
ڰ˹Ħ֮䣬ٸݼأǲʽ赸ġʽ赸˵㡣а˹˵¶еģΪĻ᳡ϾСѩһԲԼʮӢߣֱԼʮӢߣмһԼӢߵѩŵƻ𡣵˾ۼʱѻĸŮǽվһУδ޵ĹڵڶųһͬԲԲȦСűȺῪʼʱһӶȡһģߵŵĿ϶ʼ質衣ɸƵģ̵ĸЩʱܻϲʱǾŮáķǣŷġͳԾԭùĴӺϽ̤Žţҵĵʱϰſѥ14һֲʽ赸ǰ޷û˵ʲôɣ˹Ħ˵ģ15һĹ߽ԲȦʱЯֵΧ볪裬ҵĶǿĲʽ赸ͨǵ裬ġʽ赸ȴͬʱмԱǳͨӣϰҲȫġǱġ޵Ļ״ͬʱǵĶɻĳġʱܹŹֵشźƤѱ¹ƤĿӣͷϴëɫĲȻЩݲһڶȵԼжʮ˵ԲȦγʱһֵù࣬Ժ賡һױݰ顢ʡ޺ĬͿʼˡ16    
ޱһµ޵ġͼɫˡġ⶯赸ȻռݵһλҰܡȵ赸ûܵձ͡а޵˶赸Ѿļˡһȫ̾Ǳ赸еġܡ̨Mundy˵ЩߵԾͻòбɹġˡ17άǺLakeVitoriaϵĴ֮˵Ǳݵ̾ŷ޾糡ݶȻ׶18ġ赸ּǸ¡ս̨дΤ˹NewSouthWalesһġս裬ȻŹǹȥ֮࣬ݳһĻӺҰĶȻȫԱ̷ΪӣͬʱԴ̶ļҵĺⲫһߺܿذܳսұǶһʱֳһֲֿɱ¾״̬ȫһȫȺߣгУֵʱҲıˡ߰ŻĽǰһһ̤ǵšؽˣҲؿˣֱٶȡʱȫԾռʣﵽһ־˵ĸ߶ȣٴʱǷֿŵϵʮּңʹðѵƺ䶯ĳߣһֺ˻˻С19˵İ跭ֻҵĲοϡǺñī꾡дġνд˵һı赸ǿõģҶһںڰ֮Уû˿ңȴΪֿӵ赸Ĺߡ20Ƕ赸ҲֻҪ֪һֻأWachandiĿޣKaaro衪͹ˡڸ֮һ³ʱеģʳῪʼ¹֮ΧԹľİؾغ͹ľƵԴŮԵ٣ͬʱҡǹǴԵ١ΧԾǹ̰أҰҵԷйϵ˷ܡѧʷ۶Scherer赸﷢ˡʫԭʼ̥Ͱǹġʽ赸Ҫٵ辰Ҳݹ籱ľ衣赸μðɫɫִľԴгУÿ˱ȣųĽĽƶ˫šźһȫõǰ棬Žǰҡ罰ڻһֻĶľ21ǿ˵һġ赸͸Ϳ̣ParkerͣLoddonпˡʱһѧͷ쵼ִ֦ڼͷȶʱĳźͰԲε赸֮ǽؾ۳һܽӵԲ塣Ȼǻصڵϣͷ֦£֮άֶʱȫƣǱʾ״̬һͻȻһ赸ʼźŲ˷ܵػ֦ھֹȺϡȫֵ̾赸Ǳʾĸ    
ļġ赸֮ߺ͹ߵĿ֣ﲻ߳ûбΪ赸תƺͼһࡣԭʼѾ赸зձظܵǿҵ֡ԭʼ赸˶ǷǳҵġֻҪһ׷ǵͯʱͻѸٵ˶ʹʱõĳһ޶ǻεĿ֡˶ٳ֮ĽǿҲǵŶάƽ̬ǿģܽĶйĵȴֵġʵϣ֪ĻģǴԭʼ׶ĸĸ顣ΧõսƷ裬ͶͯΧʥԾһġ    
ĶǶô˶ĿУýΪƣͶĲ֮С赸ʻڼҵĶٶĶࡣԽ赸ҪʣͬʱѾ˵ԭʼ飬ǵ赸ע⶯֮ϸĺϽĹɡġǡ˵ԼߵĶֵξȷһ£ʵ˾̾22۲ԭʼǣͬӡ23ֽ24̾֯С˵ǶȻʽǺϽģδڿˣȻĴ󲿷֣رЩƶλĶȻرֳ̬У˹Spencerȷ۲ģÿһȽǿҵĸ˷ܣĽදֳᣨGurneyǡز˵ÿһĶԼǺϽġ赸ĽƺȻʽڸ˷ܵѹȶغǿطġֹ۲Ȼֽܳ͵еһӵĽļֵǼȻֽһ壬ʱҲֻаΪĶۡΣԭʼܵĿеǿȺܵûоǵʫֵʱ򣬻ṩǸһƾ֤    
ǲؽʽ赸ġʽ赸ΪҺͽදеĿ赸ͬŵġġʽ赸ԭʼһڲʽ赸֮ҲĸһĿ֡ģȺãʱȺһʵڡġ˺ͶﲻȷĶеõĿСһа޵˶о˵ġţκλᶼʵʩ˵һ估ˡǰ˵һϲĻǾܺƵѧߵһһҲġ³ԣԭʼԭʼĸˡǶ֮ͯ䣬һ̵ơԭʼġ裬ǵĶ֮ͯҲɿͬġġµĳ嶯ʵһձԣֻзչĽ׶ϲܱͬˡͼĻ׶ϣȫԱֿܵģ³嶯ϸӼĲĻĽӵͱΪСĻ̶ߵԼĸˡˣԭʼռҪλġʽ赸𽥵ûˣڶͯһϯأԭʼԶġܸе߼ֵģɵЩõġ赸ҪսͰ裻Ϊ赸ҲͲʽļġʽ赸һ㡢úͺɶġʱһִ赸¶ҵĸϴӺŽKatharsis˹£AristotleνߺЧġʽ赸ĺһʽʵΪϷĳͣΪʷݽĹ۵㿴Ϸʵ赸һַ塣ҪԭʼѰ赸Ϸ𣬾͵ǣǿޣչ׶ϣߵʺЧͬġ    
ҶͽදĿСġСǿе¶еĿСЩɷָһֳֵĽͣԭʼо赸ġǿҶֱӵؾ鵽赸ĿеȻ赸Լǳ赸֮ĿУҲͬؿչصڣҹڸһ赸ܵĿ֡赸߲ܿԼͬ飬Ҳܺ͹һΰġɵġĶĺͺȺľо赸ȴ赸ûио赸赸һ棬赸֪ȺڶҲԵõһֲΪԭ˫ҵ˷ܣǽΪͶˣߣչΪһĿȣֿȷٵıСעԭʼ赸赸ߺͻ߲Чʱǲظһ̽־˽赸Ϊʲôڽ̵ʽǺȻ£ԭʼԻٶЩ赸һӡҲһܹӰ֧˵ĻĺͶħȨҪԿŻͶħɿ˵һ赸һλµĶħȵۣMindiҪԵֿĳСƤͿɫĴżһСڼԶĳǸطϽӽԼںĸŮ϶ҶִСľȣװһëųĵǸ裻Χ֮Ǳ߽Ǹż񣬵ӵľȴ25ĦأMoorundeڽҲƵż񡣡Ϳװ磬ͷϴһĵëЩִȣһͷƵëͬʱִһҶһ֮󣬱ȥٶȳʱЯһӵż񣬸߾աżһҰݺ«έôƤţƤ⣬ȫͿСԲȦһϸİһë϶˵Ĵͷźɫëİ֡ǰһӢİĩһݽᣬܹһɲͿŰɫꡣȫԼӢߣȻǴһˡ赸оż񾭹൱ʱ䣬Ȼ˱ľΧɵҲˣ߱ͦǰ26ԼԭʼҲڽ̵赸ûо˼ˡڰޣڽ̵赸ҲȽټö£Gerland˵ʵһ赸ԭڽ̵ģ֤ʵԡ27ʵϣ֪ģֶ϶û˸͹ûҪٶ޵赸ԭ壬ʾһַϵĹ۲⡣ֻбȽ赸ڽ̵ʽĿֻĶֺ̼28    
ĿĺЧǲһµġԭʼ赸ĿǴģЧȴس⡣ûһԭʼ赸и߶ȵʵʵĺĻ塣Ǹ߼Ļ̶۲죬Ӧ̽Թϵ塣ʵִ赸Ψһְ񡣵ԭʼ赸ִ赸ڱǾͬһõĽۣ֮ܵڱ𷽡Ϊӭִ赸ɫŮ赸߼Ľӽוԡԭʼ赸ﲻġ赸ͨӵݣͬʱŮְֻࡣҲŮͬμ裬赸󲿷뼤Ե顣Ǹɽһԣӵ赸ҲԵĽΡһɶ½赸߶ȻԸŮԵĹһӡһɶ½赸ҲǾɺ͵ߺսʿһʵԵѡֵĸǣԭʼ赸ΰȻ֤ûԭʼ赸һһĻҪԡ    
赸һȺڵ赸ͨǱӣҲǼϰȫǰһķһӶ赸Ƕָ֡˾̾ġһ¡İУ߶϶һǱһָĵһ塣ڼȫͳһ̬֮£ȺĸоͶһһл塣ԭʼ赸ȫںͳһĸӦ쵼ѵһȺˡ֯ɢͲ״̬֮УǵٳͬҪʹʹһֶһָ֮ΪһĿĶٳ˻ŽЩɢ޶Сս⣬赸ԭʼΨһʹǾݵأͬʱҲǶսõ׼֮һΪʽ赸ط൱ǵľѵĻչϣֹԭʼҪһѵ顣һи߼Ļڸɷֵһĺԭʼȴ赸ѵֺ    
赸ữҲƺһЩʶڰޣޱڡƽı֤䣬Ըȷ໥ĺøУ㹲ͬ29ڰĸ䣬мϻһС30ΪҪƲữӰĳǲܲᵽǵĻӳ൱ʱ䡣ķɶ˵һᾹڡ    
赸ȫӰữʵȥȨԼڵ˥΢ں˵֮£һҲֻкٵ˿Լ롣Ѿ֪ڰкͰϣಿһ裻Բ˿ԭǺٵġ31ĻĽߵĸȺӣٵȺչɲ䣬ȫԱһ֮У֮£ͽȥữְܣͬʱҲʧȥҪԡУǹڽڵǽڣִ䣬һֲ̨ϵϷ羰󣬻賡һֵ֡ΨһʹǰԼ׻׽Ȼһ˵ļֵҲѾܹʹ˻ɡңǿԼٶԭʼ赸ѡ񲢸ֵһý飬ΪݺмɵߴҲöõߡڵĻ׶УҪ賡ϵŮӢۣʵȴʧߡ̬ͽŤĶΪɫνĸ磬ԿݵۣҲ˵ҰĺĶѡ˵԰Ѿջչʧȥ塣Ѿ˵ǵĸֵʹĿСǽ͹ڵĿСΪձеĳɡӸ۲ִ赸ֻһż״õ˻һżȥΰѾøܾˡԲĹףǸʫĹһġ    
1ǵȻʵʽ赸ǷԴġʽ赸⵱ȻǿܵģΪǲʶģµԭЩϲġ⡣һõмԭʼ赸ĳ赸ȴġʽǲʽġ    
2żȻҲгġΪޱģޱרΪʽ赸õġ    
3BroughSmythVolIP175    
4Lumholtz286    
5BroughSmythvolIpp1671686EyreVolIIPP235236    
7Ʊ˵οʮ¡    
8ManJournAnthropInstVolXIIpp390391.    
9BurchellReisenindasInnereVonSudAfrikaWeimar1925VolEPP81etsed10سϤƱ˵赸Σ赸ǺĲġʵϣƱ˵ǻͲȡͬĶġ    
11¼кüǺġ¼ûᵽҪ֪ģԭʼ赸ǴȱġǾֵİͽĶʹֻǼ¼ϲἰ㣬¼Ǻܲ걸ûôνĦ裬Ų裬չеֻһĶҰԡ    
12GlobusVolXLVIIp332    
13EhrenreichZeitschrFurEth1887p53    
14BoasAnRepBureauofEthnologyPP600etseg    
15BancrofttheNativeRacesofthePacificCoastVolIP67    
16BancroftIoccitVolIp67ǶļԶ۵ɣǺ¶Զͬġ    
17BroughSmythVolIP173    
18EyreVolIIp233    
19BroughSmythVolIP173    
20HodgkinsonAustraliafromPortMacquerietoMoretonBay1845    
21BroughSmythVolIP173    
22EyreVolIIP231    
23ԭʼ赸Ľʣһеļ¼жкļõΨһ⣬Ѻ˹дĲ˵赸Ǻܿɵġ    
24ڽһжеġ˵ʹֵͣͽ˽һжﶼġ    
25ParkerTheaboriginesofAustraliaBroughSmythVolIP166    
26EyreVolII236    
27WaitzGerlandVolVIP755    
28ڰޣ赸ҹУڽ赸ڰĹоеġ    
29WaitzGerlandVolVIp755ʿСޱ賣ڽսºͷΪȷƽеġLumholtzP286    
30ManJourAnthropInstVolXIIp392    
31άǼľܵĹƣԲοBroughSmythVolIP43һȺȫͳƣǧˡа˹оǿİ˹ĦһȺûгʮϡBoasAnReptBureauofEth188485P426        
Դ 
Ľ     
ھ ʫ   
ʫ裬ΪƬеƬϡԭʼʫֽʲôأʫ󲿷򾭹дӡˢ˶ΣҰ˵ʫı棬ȴȫȷʵͲܾõļŷ޵Ŀо¼ЩƬϣϻ϶ǲֵܳģЩƬ϶ȫһۣȷʵǿͼڴǰҰˡĹº͡ȱʫ⡱ĸҥǴΪûоֵġоѧмҺʦȶЩӵѺŬѼѼĹûձĿʼֽеĵطΪֹջҲ÷ḻ쳼˵ʫƷֻ֪һ֡п˵ʫֻ׼򵥵ѡİ֮⣬Ҳֻ׸ҥڰ˵ʫ裬ֻжԲ˺Ͱ˹Ħˣ֪ûȽϸһ㡣ŷѼ£ŷֵİ˵ĸҥ͹£ǾΪֵоǶڸۣGery׿ˣBleekֿˣRinkѧϵ׼ע⣬˿ĻɡЩԺǵȫͬʹѧźע⣬ҲܸûżȻĴȷʵϡԭʼʫѼϣʹܱһдѵڷҲȫ𣿵ǻ뵽÷ֳִܱ¸еϣӽӢ룬Ҳʱʧȥ¹ʫ󲿵ʱϣĻʮʫԭ⣬ڷŷ֮󣬻ܺܽԭأ1֮£ϣĳȫԭʼʫĹ㲩ݺͼֵȷǲġΣǳ˾һԵĸҪ֮⣬ûҪҲкܶطҪͲġ    
ʫΪﵽһĿģЧʽʾĻԵı֡۵ʫǱ󡪡۵ĸ͹ʫͿ͹۵ʫ»Ϸʽʾ󡪡͹۵ʵ¼ʫֵּȤΪĿģʫϣĲжǸ飬ҳ˸⣬ޱϣ壬һ棬ӸĲʫıʫһ棬ӽѵʹµıʫϷ2һʫ趼ӸҲ֮ڸ飬䴴ӦأҲڴˡ    
˹HerbertSpencerһԭFirstPrinciplesϣһֹ˵ͼĻʫһ֡塱Undifferentiatedʫ˵ʱʫûγʫȴۺ顢¼ϷҪÿһƷۺϵòԡּʺִĿѧۣҺʵоͼĻǷǵҪʫҲ͸߼ʫһŶĺʽȻǲܲԭʼʫµԭأǵʫҲʱϷʡǣ˾ͳԭʼʫΪ塱ģԽûȨʱʫԭʼʫΪʫʫϷʫʲôطûгֹġ    
ûһĸôеģʫʫȻʽûһֱַʽԵıôֱݵģʫȻʽҪԴǱתʫֻһЧʽ෴ȡһĶͯһֻƯĺͻẰĺOthePrettybutterflyʾϲáһָ飬Ǵ飬ֻΪָ飬ʵõģҲһЧʽֵģҲġǣֻǷǳˣǸСӷϲúкϹڣͬʱʹһ³šĺѽOtheprettybutterflyͱɸҥˡ    
ԭʼӽ̾ǵı˺ϲõĸҥͨҲýĹɺظȵ򵥵ʽּ򵥵ıֶѡϣEhrenreichһЩпڻƻԺռſӽĸҥ    
йһκԣ    
ǴһֻҰޣ    
гԵˣ    
ζã    
ŨƵζҲá    
    
Ůɲ͵    
ңҲ͵Զ    
һĸ裬ӼˣԼһ䡰λǲʲôģ3ǰЩ̶̵ĸǣÿɽ࣬ӽֹ    
˵ʫȡϲܳпʫˮƽѾõȫ޸ظҥΪ걸Ļ㼯Щҥֻһ̵Ľи޸䲻ķš4Щҥ൱Ŷ˵Ƕڳ裬ˮǾ׽̲һֱǼҳ㷹ŭҲϲҲҲƣûʱ򣬾͸ӳԺضʱﳪһֹƵĸ裺    
ˣ    
ˣ    
Ǿ͵ˣ    
ǱŴ    
ߵÿ졪    
ˡ5    
;ƣƯ߿    
ƣҵˡ    
̤ҮɣYernaȫ    
޾·ġ6    
ҹӪԱߣ׷ռ֣֮ҲΪ裺    
ܵúܿ졣    
ʷʵģ    
伢    
ǣǣ7    
Ȼһȴ뿴˵ʳƷ    
˳Զ    
ҲһЩ    
ҲһЩ8    
ŷ˵˵ʫĲϣ˵رķḻ·طʱǿĹ⾰͸һ̵ӡ֮ڸӽھпޱʱ質    
˴Kapundạ    
һ̡    
쿴һ    
󺣾ˮһ    
ĳһֻǳϵĽӥ¸ڿGulwaطĳһ˼ҵͷǽʱ̱һεĸ裬Ǹõڵĺ͵Ƴɵģ    
Ŷ񰡣    
Ŷ񰡣9    
׼սʿǣҲҥйǵķŭǸҥУԤĵ˱ѩޡ    
Ķ    
ţ    
ĸΣ    
࣬    
    
ļ    
ĸ    
o.10    
һֱȥֱĸΪֹǻǵԹԼ    
³BurruĘJͳǹ    
űBerarķȥ    
޶WarollĿķɰboomerang    
BoodanĴӧȹ    
ǰȥ׼ѽ    
ֱǹEmwSpear11    
ʱҲøҥıΪ̵ĸҥǰ˴õġ˳һ׼˵ĸ裬£12    
ޣһȣ    
ޣһȣ    
㣬ŵļ    
˵ľٵһε£WailwnnʱǳųЦǰྯٵĸ    
գϹ۵Ķ    
ϣһȥٻأ    
ϤᣨSydneyȥѽϤȥѽһȥٻأ    
ٻᡣ13    
һѸ֮Щµ˵سţ    
ٻ    
һ˴Ӱ˹Perth˴ӢȥʱԶسĸǣ    
µĴƯ    
Զټװ˶ˣ    
µĴƯ14    
һݵνԶٻĹȥʱ򣬱ĸŮǶԱ衣ڰϵطһʱ衣    
ĸŮǳ    
ҵֵܰ    
ĸŮǳ    
ҵĶӰ    
˫ϳ    
Ҿٿˣ    
Ҿٿˣ    
˵ġڽ̵ġʫһգףMurrayطʽףĸ裺    
Եͷ    
ĺӾͻ    
ʱԺʹһ    
صζ15    
һʫĴ󲿷֣رЩΪԸβģȫ˽ģ³˴֮߱⣬ǰҲðա    
ҲûиǾٳʫʵǵʫҲһһԣʿƱ˵ʫ裬ϺͰ˵ʫûʲôĲ𡣡ġʫ˻ðҵ¼жʫһʫ䣬Ե䣬ֵʱֻ䷴Ķʫ16    
а˹˵ÿһ˹Ħ˶ĸǡȡܹóÿһ飺ļʫڸֲͬ˼黳źʱ򣬻ʱǻ߽ĳһҪ飬糤֮ࡣ̸ϲġҥʽϸĹ涨ȫʫֳɳ̲ͬʫ䣬ҳ17һĸҥа˹¼һһҲûзһ棬ֿȴ˼׸Եʫ18ǾʹķѡЩʫǿԿ˹Ħ˵ʫطڰ˺п˵ʫ֮ϡһ׸ǴӸطһ˹Ħ˿ɿˣKukookǶġһƶߣȻȴŷްҪѡԼʮǰһڸϲġСɿˡimakayahhayahimakayahhahhayah˵    
ҽҵĹ磬    
һֻĴ    
ΪǿɰС    
ҪԤҵ飬    
Щ˵顣ҵԺ    
Ҫ    
Щݡ    
ҽһ    
һֵܴͷ    
һ١    
ʱҪ飬    
һҪȢˣ    
װС    
ֻŰ߲ĺƤѣ    
һС    
ȴСƤȹ19    
ڶķ˫ǼϰͷҵUpperBavaria޶Tyrolġ߼ѧ೰Цļ˸裺    
ɳ£Savdlat    
ϷϷϷһ߶    
סвʱ˲ˣ    
ԱĿˡ    
вľ̸֪˵    
Ϊǵԡ    
ֺ޴    
ǵԲһ    
ЩűЩϷ    
ǲǵԡ    
ˣPulangitsisok    
һɳԸһĸ洬Ĵϣҿҵ洬ϺܶĻ    
Щǰҵ洬װسصĻ    
ʱɳԼĴ㸲ҵĴĴϲװ˺ܶĻ    
Ӧǣҷʱ򣬺Կغš    
¡㸲ֻסҴϵ    
裬Ļ׶еһƷȻɫȻϼɽ衣    
ΰĿɿɽϷǱߡ    
ҿ    
ΰĿɿɽϷǱߡ    
    
ĹϷǱߡ    
    
ſɿɽһߡ    
չԾǿɿɽ    
ǰΧ˺    
ǣƣϷ    
ұ仯    
Ϸ    
Ľۣ    
ɽź    
Ǳ仯ƣΧĺ    
ۡ20    
ԭʼʫ裬ݶǷǳǳҰġǣʫ軹ֵע⣬Ϊ԰ǶԭʼһֱӵĶ졣Բʫٱָ߳˼룻ԸڵͼоĿַΧѡϡԭʼʫҰϵĿռ˼˵θǵʫУûбĹһ㣬ʵһҲЩʫˡԳϰ˺п˵һһʳĸҥΪʫƷǼֱǶΨĵѧ߷һ֮ȻЩƷȴɵʽÿͷĸʵ֡Ͼûкʫʫĸ飬һΪĿģʽֳ־ûʲôΪʫϵĸ顣ңǼǵþҼϸʫˣʱʳĿΪֵô򷴶ԴϮʫƶķ߿ҲͿԻһˡ    
ԭʼʫϣʱʫģͬʱŷʫĸӽģԭʼʫУҲѰ۴ıʫضԿеĴ󲿷רдĿֺʹġԭʼʫϣ˼Ұ֮⣬ȴѵÿԵĹϵڰˣƱ˻пǾȻҲһ裻ͨ˹Ħ˵ʫֿҲ˵ڰ˹Ħ˵ʫֻռżС򡣡21Ƕȱúܻ̻ǲǻһָ飬ȽνĻʹڡİ̵ܼ飬ǿʹԼʫأڿʵûָģѾԣǲͼӸ߼ĻĸУƵͼĻĽۡǵʶνһʻ񤲻ʵϿŵġڰ޺ڸνǾİֻһֺȴİǲܷͼ䣬Ҳᷢνİ¼ֻżȻ⡣һ棬ڽķ򸾼䷢չһĵİҲټֻǣֳĽ֮ڰ޲ûбŷ޸Ҫ֮ڸӽˡ˹˵ķչڵͼ׶εʱҪ˫׸׶ĴȰ΢öࡣ۵Ǻܹġ22ʵϣѼƷ׷Ѫ׻ĸҥȷʵв٣Ȼڰ˰ˣloverˣsweetheartɥ裬ȴһҲҲ    
Ȼͣ֪߿ʫĲû䣬ʫ裬ȴʣǣʵҲǲΪģΪҰȻūֲòڱ̢֮£òūǼûʱ䣬Ҳûȥǲп˵ΰġǶڰˣƱ˻п˵ʫȱȻ͵ĺۼΪɹֿ֣˵Ŀڰ˹Ħзŷ޵ʫƵдϵѩϵĹʫȴΪ졣    
ʫʮرʵġʫרӽ̾ĿʹϲãᵽͬǵĻڰͬʫΨһӣ裬ЩҲѪضġԭʼ˵ͬģͨ˱ǸСΧ֮⣬ġʫżᵽһĻôǺе⣬ҲǺ塣һеͼԣرϲƵĸҥ23ǿͿ֪ǵĳЦıӺʹҰϵȱһҥõġԭʼǺĶͯһͲ̵ġڰֵһѧУǰһȺͯһ׷һ˽СŮɣһ泪ĸ裺    
    
ֻľͷţ    
    
ͬأϿİ˳    
ޣһȣޣһȣ    
㣬ŵļ    
ԭʼʫǺԭʼһªʹҰġȻЩҰĴҰ֣ڰ޻򰲴ʫǣֵ²ŷʫеĽϸк͸ͬϸ֡ʫŵĸοǳʽߵʽͬģǶڸߵһַйο塣³İʫˣҲ˵ŷ¾еTasso˵Ļ    
ᣬοᣬȱȻڸǵģ    
һ̵ʱ    
³ʹĺ    
ڱ֮УȻ    
ʹ÷йҲɶƵı    
ڼʹĬţ    
ϵȴҵ˼    
һֻʵ˵أPerttȥ·ϲĴߣ˿׶Kaiberصľ棬˽ɵݱֱҹŰŵĿֲ裺    
ΪʲôҪݱأ    
ħķ籩ˡ    
ΪʲôҪݱأ    
־ظ質ֱ˯졣ֶStuartMill˵ʫǱʱĴ    
Щҵʫʹʫ˵һֵּڱļֵأԭʼ˶˵ĻǲעģǺǶʫ˸˵ıϲãҲͬĺע⣻ȻǷʵǡǡ෴ֲǳ졣а˹˵ҥܰ˹Ħ˵ϲҺһеиҥһ˻ӭ24ڰʫ˿һ׶̸ࡣ25ڰޣЩҥܷȫ޶ܱ漸֮á֮УмʫˣҥֲأŷеĸƵģ˷ǳ֮ࡣ26ʹǾģǡЩĸҥڲǵԵĲҲ˰27ʵǿԵõȫ𡣾ԭʼȺڶԸҥʽȶԸҥ廹עöࡣ28    
ÿһԭʼʫˣͬʱҲһߣÿһԭʼʫʫƷҲֵƷʫߣʫĴǾ壬ȻǣںܶĵطΪǾ䲻ĺɸ߶ѡʵϣͨҲǲϧʫȫʫʽ˵ˣܽԼҥ塣ĽͣҲǷǳȫģΪǶڸĽĺαȸ廹ҪЩ29һλ˵һпޱĸУΪҪάֽ࣬Ǿظת䵽塣30ƱжʽȤҲƫء˵ҪŬϸѭġǵʫУһж塪ҪǨͽ࡭ǵʫУԴǾʽķ¾Ľṹá磬ǵĸһǣ    
chklyalakumyrǡ˭ʧӲڹꣿȻɢУͬľȴӦǣ    
mijayadichbalenbkchire    
һ֮䣬жôһҲһǾΪչʫδվɵԵʣѾòױʶ31ʵϣʫµʫ裬вʱ򲻵òͨʫĸ߼32ڰ˹Ħˣа˹Ѽʫ֮УѾָ֤ʵʫЩʫıֻһȫûĸ֮̾ķѡ33ǲòһֽۣͼʫҪ֣ʫֻռҪλѡ    
ǳ˵ʫķչԴʫʵڵģŷѧʷʫʼģǺͺʫеӢ۵ͭͱԭʼһʫҲԭʼʫʫĹ۵ΪĿĵһʵĳʫǾҪɵʽֵġһþȷɣͺ覴õϽʵһǺʫģһûоصɢĹ£ҲǺʫġˡƱˣ˵ʫɵľ⣬ȫɢġֻа˹Ħ˵ͯMarchenŴ󲿷ȷɵз˵ġʫ˵ƷԣҪӰ飬ҲֻҪӰ顣Ŀĵκι£ҪѵڣҪʹܴ̼Ĺ£װɢģʫʽ֮УͬĲʫƷ    
ϣʫĶǷǳµģǣһ۵ľ򣬵ʵʵʱǾͻеֲĵľʹ࣬־Щúö跨ġۼǣ޿ӱܵġǧ򻯵ʵʱ֮ǰż򵥵Ķ壬ǻ޴ġǽʷĴ˵ֳʫأڿһ˵Ĺ£ŴƱһŮһӣΪ͹ҵʢЩԵʣһаȣBerebiĶʼɣ˺ĳޡ꼾ʼĳһգȥǸĸף׼ͬǵĶȥκӡͬˣȾʹһĸͷһĥʯϴȥڴ֮󣬾ߵǸǰסǵı۲ָһֱᵽϣⷢƵġһţһҪʹѪȾ촽ȻԵҧǸı۲ɱɱߵݣ뱻ɱߵܹγΪɱߵɱʬ뺣УǸһ棬ɱȴΪһ㡣ĸıʹӣPuluga񣬾úˮͷ񡣡34£һΣܿʷĴ˵ͬʱһ棬ҲԿʫĴ35һ㣬ΪǲġңЩطһַǳȨ˵ķ˵ǷǸڿģFancifulʫƷǡġڲͬĸ˺Ͳ֮ͬ䣬Ĺ⡣ܹŷˣ˱ΪĹ£һеģֵ飬ڴҰƱ˵ۿǼȻġҪرģҪͨ׵ѿʫһʫ˹ȻҪÿߴȻоҲͬҪÿ롣Ҫѧϵ򹹳ϵļٶҪɹ±ʫڿҪȵġҪĲ죬ĿĲͬѡһ鹹Ĺ£ʹп룬Ҳþʫģֻڿܱʱ򣬲ʫġһ½죨Pelicaaкڰ׵ë˵һ춼Ǻڵġһ죬һֻ챻ƭ߷ǳ뽫ͿףԱǶͿεһʱһֻˡΪʶֺڰĹֶȥɱǰһȫǺڵģȴкڰӵëΪԵʡ36£ȻǸпģۣ˵ʫ˵ǿѧġΪµĿĲΪ֣Ϊ˽ʵϣǲΪԭʼĶѧѧνѧǽ֪ԭ󣬹鲢֪ԭȺȥ˵£ԭǡǡϡ˵ƤԭǺɫģֻΪ˶ͿʱǲŻɰɫëڰ׽ӣΪҲΪͿģΪͿȾûɣûȫסֽͣŷ˿ԭǷǳЦģȻǹԭΪŷˣΪԭʼİ˵ġ    
ˣµһι˵ǵԴŴһŮɡ˵ʼ桪һʹǿóؼ֮·Ĺ⣬ѳȵĻҽУǻ𻨾ͱǡʹɹµ˼յǰ˴Ҫ̶˼ԭͬġԭʼĿѧŬ֮⣬ԵļٶƱ˵Уͬǡgurug֣ȴҹ˼ҲԴëë桱˼Ϊܲ˵ԭеһ¡һ̫ȼƵҫţ˷ǳơƶĸˣΪҪйǵĿƣһëë̤ˡնǳŭǽĳҹʹǶչļֵٿЩҹëëͬĽgurug.37ԭʼ˵ѧһĹ£µʵʶʫġȻЩƷҲʫԭأȴܰЩԭسֳоԭʼʫʱ˽һȺȫƲܣʫ⣩רоЩûʷĴ˵ͿѧļʵĹ֮⣬ûбķҵúܣֿ˻ǲܸһԭ䱾ֽ֮ʱȻҵĻڼʹûԵʣǵĲѾ٣ΪԵʣؽƱѼĹ£󲿷ֶ񻰵ģڰ˵ĹУֻмȷʫġ˵Ķ£еĴ󲿷ҲӦֻдӰ˹Ħ˵ĹУǲſü൱ǴĻҪģʫĶٳɵġٵԭʼʫԣֻǹϸѡ֮ϵģ    
ԭʼʫĲƷƪޡӡϣ˺͵־ΰʫԭʼڵĻϣǺͽ͹һϡٵġΪֹĽϣȷ洦ɢšĶ£Ĵй磬ڲ֮䣬ȳһйµģȻĹĹ´δϳһʫϵͳ׿˹ȻϷ޶ȫΪϷ޵ǹ£ʵϣҲ಻Ϸ޵ǹµ϶ѡ    
ԭʼʫǴҰȤӽ˼ȦӡԭʼٳΧȡϵġڰ޺Ϸ޶ʫռƣסĹ£ȴϡֿ˵˹Ħ˵Ĺ£һʵͼдǵȻڣǿҵһУʹǸеΰģԼʹǾÿɶͿֲĸǲϵ軭ҵ澺ǿǳ̾Ǵʤĵһĸ˵¸Һһ棬ʹĿȹ̵˼룬ȴٱ֡ǵʫڰձĸ飬ռ˼СʫĲϼôƶ͸ô޹ǶЩʫеܵˡ38    
ʫñȿƽŵĽӣ֮Ұ˵ʫñˮļϪǵĹֻһʫ˺ڵȤȫעڶĽչһУǺٹ˵ִõС˵ǶʾĸԵġԭʼĹȴչġԣЩǾдָʾͨüֺǳķָʾҪ㣬˻˵Ķº͵¹ǹ£ReinekeFuchs¶мĵá¹Ķʫǰռֶʵβ᳹Ľչ䶯Ǿع۲죬ҰŸȻԶдġȻڲ˺Ͱ˵ĶԸ񣬴Դãҳȫĵλģֻںٵ֮£ڶԸض֮䣬ԷĵĹڰ˹Ħ˵ĹУҲйдһԸ񣬴಻˵֮򡰺ágood򡰻badѡҲмȻ˵ԣȴҲĶǳǻŹֵˣŮֻͨעԼҵļģĹѸʴȵĺĵأֵһȺؾӰֱģмǸжʼ֮ġ39    
ԭʼ˶ڴȻдӲעˡǰѾָʾѾ˵ɣȻ壬һּʵʵȤѡȻľɫǵĹУֻڶԶ˽ֱҪʱ򣬲Ϊע⡣ɽɽǺ⣬ʲôҲûСԭʼʫȻдϡ٣ӢŴ糡ϵǫ̇̄װһĵطдֻĿѡ    
Ƕռԭʼ¼ҼڵȤǶıҲǵעץסǵע⡣رǰ˺Ͳ˵Ĺ£ʹŷ˸ܵʲôȤЩƷݣº͹ϵиڣٴǵ۹⿴Щǿʲô̵ʫĹϵġԾһΪ֤Ӳ׿˵ķ룬RatzelɾԹĲ˵Ļȳ漯ٳһλ    
ȳȡһֻЬֻЬһֻ򣬻ȳֻâеιΪҪ֪ȳΪʲôۻؼңèͱȥ磻ǵȳ«лʱèȴرһֻڴ游Ҹ棬ڴҧһסèͰѴ«н˳ɱȳ淢ΰˣ޵úģ׷ѰټֻβԳռѪ֭һֻԳץסȳ棬ݺݵĽϡǻȳȴһĵںڰ̫ûɽʱ򣬾ӻؼˡֻԳ˺һһǵ·һϡҹ䣬˯ŵʱӵȳèĵطǵĳѹʱ򣬻ȳèȡȫĲһֻԳֻһûбᣬΪβˡ40    
ֹ£ǵСǻഫĹһǴȻϲ޻ȺãҰʽʫȤҪġЩûʲôеͳһԵټֻһֿһֿ룻ֿţͷáЩյƷȽ˹Ħ˵ĹѾֳ൱߼ʫʽˡΪҪָʫһĴؾٳչ̶Ƚϸ߶ԭؽٵİ˹Ħ˵ʫڰ˺Ͳ֮Ұȴ϶ʫȽһ£顣ԭҰެܵĿ룬ʫķչĽУѾرɾˣڣΰʫ˸ǵĿ룬Ȼġ˹Ħ֪ӦߵͶԱȵԭ򣻶Ҷע⡢ͬͷŭȵҲǺܳɹġֿ˵ʫǴǵƶĲȥȡЧͱ仯ȷǾرܵġһȥоǵĹ£ƽĿˣﵽ걸ķչķϣԼԸڵעһΣѣһ˵˷ΣѵֶεķϣҲԷһʵʫĸ顣41ǶٵСɳտˣKagsagsuk£˭Ҳֿ˵ĻǶԵġǰ˹ĦõĹµһ֣ҳһʫԡ˼Ҫɾ֮⣬ھٳֿ˸ݾֲͬİ汾ʽ£    
ǰһĹ¶׺ݵȺм䡣¶ֽɳտˡĸһƶϸˡסһ˼ſڵһ䱰ªĹǲ߽Ǽ˼ҵסȥġɳտΪҪʹԼůһ˯ڹĹȺСñȥǵʱҲСϣġ֬Ͷ֮ʣʹɳնҲ˯ſڣǳָıǿף߸ߵذıǿǴˣҲƽһСʱö͸Сԣǲ赶ȥ飬ǻ˵ҧ;ˡʱǻεһݣ˵ΪԵ̫ࡣĸҲΪһ˫ѥӣһСǹʹԳȥͱСһ棬СƵʹѩϴ·Ūñѩ뾡ַŰмŮͿһһΣߵɽϣ˼Ҫǿ׳ĸ̹ħʱվɽм䣬͸кӴѽȨӴգȻһһֻҰ޳ˡɳտŵ˲ãæߣֻҰ׷βƵذסСӵ壬ϵʱ򣬸ɳտ˶ֻһָ¸µֿຣĹͷǿ˵Щ赲㷢ĹͷְֻλƵΣÿζйͷȻĿѾμˡĴʱɳտ˲µˣȻܹվˡǾͶ˵ʹǿôÿ쵽ɳտһ·ؼңоԼǳ죬Ҹо·Ҳöˡ·еʯӣӡ߽ŵʱŮǴСɳտˣѽкҲƽһŰһҲֿܻعȥ˯Ӵ֮ȥǿ׳ڻؼҵ·ϣʲôʱǰ漰ΧĵϷʯӣŪʯܷɢҲƵˡ˵ѾˣǲսʤˣȻҸ㣬ûǰϰԡ캣ˮ˱ǾǱʱˡܽҪ֣Թָɱǡɳտ˻ؼңһ·ϻҷʯӡǣԺľٶȴȫƽһȴǰŰ죬һգǳ˺ܴľͷľķǳأǲڵհȫ˻ؼңǰںߵһԴʯϡǣɳտڰҹ͵͵ȥ⿪ŵľģؼңݺĵϡڶϣǲľģǳ죬һϸݺ󷢼ˡʱҶŵ˲ãţ⾿˭ɵģ֮Уضһǿ׳ˣһ˵ľٶװҪб˲ԼµӢƵġЩѽ    
ãˣסǣԵɳտˡȻϰߣ˿Ǿʲôһ죬ߴң˵ͷܵϱɽ˭Ҳȥǡɳտ֪ʱˣȥĸ˵裡ĳѥңҪͬȥȥϸİѥЦƵ˵ҰƤһҪӣһҪͷֻûæѥӣ·ܳȥˡǿʱ򣬶˵ǲǸɳտ𣿡ҪʲôĵŮҲ˵ɳտ˷ˣȻһҲ⣬硰֮ꡱȺУıܣŸžӣѽµѩŪҷɣһõػܡֽŲõϱɽʱһֻſǰצɳտ˲תץסܵǰšҵɽһˤܵ֫ʹˡܵڣ˵ҵʤƷȥƤգʱΪڶֻһɱǸɳտҲԵһֻһʰ˵ڶֻܡֻܣǰŹڣһ˵쵰ҵģһҸסشһֱеǶµؼȥˡصȥʱȡƤһֱ͵ĸǰ˵ӺͱͷȻȥ⣬ɳտ˵סȥǺǰһǫڹߣ˵治ܽȥأĸҵıǿ׾Ȼ˭ҲðȥԣֻҪǶǳˣ˵߽һ㡣Ǹ˵װѣȴ˵ҪȥûеӣѾɳտ˾ԤλˡȻһеķУӲƵϡԷ֮סǼˣһŮΪνװĸɳտ˾ˮǸŮӻתˮ֮ĵ£ǸŮʾл⣬ȴͻȻסʹǸŮ̴ӿѪɳտֻ˵һ䡰ѾˡĸĸҲֻǳǫ˵ʲôˮ⣬һôҲûеġ˲ã߽˵ǿƯĺߡ˵źȻץסǣһ˺֫ŰաǵĸĸҲֻ˵ⲻʲôһôҲûеġɳտű𣬽ŰЩǣɱˣֻˡЩõǣЩ˹ʳƽƽعӡѡ˼ֻõĴڷѧϰʻãʵϷͱĳ;СĴУǵ⣬ҵŪ42    
Сɳտ˵Ĺ£ķǳЧʽĳֵÿʹ뵽ŷʵֻͯ᲻һʣⰣ˹Ħ˵ĹµǷŷ޵ɹ̥ġʣоԭʼʫ߱跨Ըһѡԭʼ£ԭʼٶڸɳտ˵Ĺ£ܹ϶شʡȻ˹ĦзǳĹ£ǲ֤ǲǱصĲЩƷŲ·ǳƣò֤ݣҪ˵Ǵǰ˹ɵάǵĶǺѵġ43Ĺ´ǴڽӡڰģڽУŷ޵Ĵʦֺ̼ˮֵȣܹȥģҲͬĻ̬ȶԸ˻˵Ĺ£ҲǺܺġ׿˳޵ĶΪϷ޵ǹµĹ£ֳƺʵ䵱ǳԼ֮İաǵǹ¹¾֤ĶܹеԶľ롣һ壬ƶ£ƶĹкԵܹĸı䣬ҸĻ̶仯ˣԭʽԭζÿʧҪʫеֲĹ£ڴѪеŷƯߵĻѪһͬʱǲҪۣҪǲܹʫĹеɷ˾֮ǰԭʼʫ۵Ŭֻһֲȷļֵѡ    
ѧʷҺѧҶΪϷʫµʽȻȴ൱ȷɶ϶ʫŵʽϷͬʱġһ¼һϣһԭʼ¶ϷΪ˵ܲԿ˵¼Ϊ㣬Ҫʵƣ˵ԴǡϷĵرĶ˵˹µϷĻúͽܷǳߵԭʣǽеĶϱɫط˵Ϊԭʣ˵ߵװڸֶе״44ֹڰ˹Ħ˵˵а˹˵ǵת䣬ݸǵĸָ顣45ֻǵС˵µʱ򣬷ϷʽĻõ״ֱȻԭʼġͯԭʼһΪĳõĶƣݲĹҪԺֵ̬Ĵ֮ҲټҰ֮иǾ޽СԴʫֻҪʫµһ֡    
Ȼͨ˵Ϸʹĳ¼ġĶҫǼĳ¼ֱġԴϵı֡壬ǻܹ֤ϷͼĻҲѴڡһֿĸ˵˫duet뵽ʵƵһֹ߲˵ǵðգġ״̬ǵðգǾͻõһϷ羰ʵϣǴЩ޼ڰҲе˫ϣԿҲϷһԴ46ġϣҵϷĵڶԴ˫ġ⶯̳ΪϷ磻ġԴҲΪϷ硣ԭʼϷϺġ㣺һԱĶǺڽģڶǳԴǵġڲĲ죬ȴֳܵϷ˵ǱҡƵĵĶǱչһжǣǲʵôҪһȷķֽߣͻоѣΪʵֻһּϵתѡңϷݳֻڼ丽ĵλ֮˵ǵϷ磬˵ǵƾ磨PantomimeƾϷ磬Ѿһԭʼ֮䣬ȻֱڣֻڰˡأAleutsˡ˹Ħ估ҵ47ֻа˺Ͱ˵ĲнƵļ˹ĦϷװݣ򳣳˵𣬵֪ģҲû48˿¬˹ٵжӣKrusensternsExpeditionݵƾһּдǿԴӿ˹ChorisļҳļأһŹİ˰һߡһһֻǸֳ̬÷ǳϲãԸɱһ˾ġҪߵΡسһǵҡһ͵ض˿ֵһض̾ڲɱôȻֻ˹ұΪŮɣͶߵĻȥ49Langۼİ˵Ϸ磬羰ĹϵʵɹµĹϵһҲֻ̬ƾ磬ͬʱȫĵƾļ˵֮裬ݾ֮ҹڴҫŵֵĿ϶ϾеġֶһŮ֯ɣۿ˴Լ֮ࡣһǴ߳ݵϳԲݵһȺɫԱǻװɸֽɫġʮмɣȺĸֶΪǳĿȻЩڵϷۻЩվԽǺͺɦ壬¸ǵͬСţЩ˴Ѱػĥͷ­ζʫľɫ˲֮󣬵ڶ㿪ʼˡһӺ˶Ըʱõ̬ʮСĵȺ߽൱ĵطͻȻǹ̵ͷţڼ߶ȵϲãҵ߼װȥƤˣְָֵġ÷ǳȷʼԼ̣ܵһӰˡǵͿŴ׵ɫԴСϰС֦ԴŴgaiterЩһֱ˷򱼳۶ҷŻǡٶȼ£ʱ򣬾Ϳʼսǹ˶ҽǸˡǴǵĵҩͲǹϣװͷȶȻһսʱ򣬹ڶ갧һ˱֮ʣֻ׶ڿߵĲսˣǿ龰ǳʹ졣ġսǼֱΪѪĴ˷ܣ50    
ϷЧûκʹŷ˾þĵطʫԭǾΪЧܵһƾΰߵŬʫŷޣվױȵԽλˡʱۼҵģҪʹʫķӦһ֮ϣʫϵİȨѾרƶ֮ǡո²Ļ滭͵Ѿɳ¾ˣʲôϣûһʫӰķΧ֮ġִʷԼʫ˻߼ʫƻĻʱڣʫֳΪĳһƷԵʣĳʱһӡʫΰ󣬴ӶĵλȫıԡûбʫƵ֧ƵĲϵġڵʫûвܽ׽סģĹߡԵʽһȡϰģͬʱܹﵽӺ;µɡȻḻȻ㣬ûţǲջħıһҪһλܹȡӢ۳ȻʱһһȥҲѰҲλӢۡʫŷ˹Macbethеľһһһسɹˣɯʿǵ¡һȺ޹ڵʫӴݴǰʱҲΰʫˣǹŴΰʫˣͬʱӰĹ»ȲִһƽҰաʵʫ裬ȫʫ豾Ķӡˢķʫ˽ӡˢڶ֮ǰ˼룬糡ķColiseumƵĽɵļǧ˱Ƚǲ׺֮һڣڱGuttenbergΪʫ贴ʫ磡    
ʫǿӰʲôɷɵأÿһʫֻǱʫ˸˵УֵķʽἤߺͶͬĸ顣ʫ˻׼һƵĺңͬгΰʫ˺ŵ¹˵ħãʹΪͣΪѧΪ飬ʹһͬļҲͬʵںʫ˼໥䣬ں϶һ塣ʫɻһͬһĸ飬ΪȤΪϵطͬһĸ飬ʫ赽󴴳һֳ顣ʫͳһʵʼֵʷϣżʵġηָʫȴˣΰʫ˵Ȩĺ۶ǲˣNapolitans߶ʰˣLombardoʹڵķѣ˵Ժ壬Ӧʶʫͳһ¹Ҳͬľ飬ʥ۹߽֮ʵϣֻ³ʿ˻˹Τ°ˣSwabians߰ͷˣBavariansʶȵǵĴʫ˳Ǹоõǵ¹ˡ˵¶ڽµ־۹Ĺ˹ʫ軹˸һĹŽ񣬡һȻʫҪȺԼ泬ԽȺʱʫҲֻƾ߳ĸı֣﻽һֱȽʵõĸָḻĸΰʫˣ߱ԭûеĸ飬ֻܻѺͷչԭѾеĸ飻Ȼûʫ˵Ще飬չ䲻ĵطӻҪ˯ԲѣһʫĹҫʱȴͻʶܹӦ飬ʥ껪ѾţʹġǵҲ᲻ۼʫǻ飬Ǹǵûйϵĸ顣ʫ˷ܿ˵Ϊͬʽһּڿֵʱ򣬾ʱ򡣡˵ΰʫǼֱĽʦȻǽϻϵ˵̣Ϊⲻ׾ӵʫ衣ʲôʱǶܻԵظоù鹦ڴʫ˵ʵϣʫ¶ǰDelphianͬľ⡣͵ǣԶ߼ԤԼҵţvirgilͭ񣬳˺ǼͼڸƷǵ֣һµһʱԾزѣ    
ʫ裬Ƶķи˵ͬҲӰڶķ档ʫһ棬Ȼ߳ĸӣ棬ҲͬԷչǱڸĵĵºͱɵıܡһֲɻԵʵһߵʫˣһն߶䵽ϲ̶ȥʫˣرǵͼ¼ʱƵеʱѹɵʫֻǶݣʵڵģЩɲƷĶԣܱϰȫĻôİͼʵ֡Ǹʱʫ˻ᱻΪʥġɾĺ˵ǡȻȴҪڵ֮ȥ    
ʫҲͬԭʼʫڴķϣûкͬĹߡԭʼûӡˢҲû֣ǵʫֻÿͷ51УΪԵĹϵʫĴСķΧԭʼ廮ΪСͬĲһԭʼҲΪСȺͬķԡڰ޵ϲÿһ䣬иԵԡ52вٵĲ䣬ӽǴྶͥ53಻ͬǣڱҪʱҲܻͨ˵Եڶ谭ʫƷĴӰĴϰʲô֤ȻʫʱҲĵصԶĵطȥҲģȻǶף֮ȥĲʫݣֵֻʽѡССİȺ֮䣬аϵķԡξ̩ķնTempleѱڲַԣԱȽϣÿʮУֻһµģβ仯Ǳ˴˲ͬ54ڲ˵ĸУҲʹǸеķԡ׿˵ںֳصĲ˵ķԣǸԵĲûһֻǵĺͻٶ壨HottentotsԼĲԶģǲܶ϶˱˴˼ķû൱Ĳ죻Ϊָ˵˵Ժͻٶ˵Բ룬ûбӢĺĵĲΪӽ˹Ħ˵ĸԣƺΪƣ루Mackenzieԣԣȷ൱𡣡55ش˿ϡٶɢķΣγʫаƷѸٻͨһֲɳԽϰֿ˵˹ĦЩС䣬ΪʮӢʮӢ߰ӢĻԭҰЩɢӵ壬дͬһҷֳĿԣǵĽͨˣǿһ㲻ŵضԣLabradorһǧûкסڰϿذľ֮Ͽذľ򾹲֪ǵĴ񡣡56ǵĹ£ǷԴ½Ķš崫˵ʡ˹Ħĸ䣬Ҳһ乲ͬصʫĴ˵ȻһʫǶԴȥģǵŴģЩǹͬϼҴЩʫڷɢбš    
ͼĻ׶ʫ裬ȱŽȺĸֶΣҲ߼ĻʫһڵĸԭʼʫˣܳڵˮƽϵģǼ⡣ߣNatureûЩ֮ƷʵĸˣΪĵͼĻȫһɵǿĿǣĸͬһĵͼչˮƽ϶ѡǿԿ޵ÿһˣƱԼһҵĸ衱ǸΪԼҪĹߺһ˵ʫ˵ʫ裬ֵȫͬġ˹п˹StokesԿһ磨Miagoģ˵ֻҪһĿʫͷǳ׶Ѹٵ57ӽţĳȴа˹еĲܡĳʫܲΪʫļֵȴΪֵļֵڰ˹ĦУҲǡÿ˶Լĸ衣֮ǵʫҲܿҵ˵ԽĲܵСɳտ˵Ĺ£¶˳ԽѰʫšֳԽ֮Ҳǲֻ֪Ҫ𾴵ʽᱻ˵һµŪһ֣ܼӵ龳Ϳˣ˺ܳݼھԶĹȥʱʫ˵֡ɼʫҪԣʶѴˡǵϣȻûôռҲǿˡںķ棬ԭʼʫȱŽͬʱǵֶΣݵķ棬ˣɵһڶʫ͹УʶڵڵǻǵĸʱǾ͸оԼǸǵĸάǸеķӡʫҲ˺֮ýߵְ    
1Ҫһʵ֤ԭʼʫ辭ŷĵķ֮ϻжٸı䡣ǿԽԭĵEncounterBdyϸֱӢԼӢıȽһ¡    
MinyelityanAlyelarryerkinyangaiakar    
WhatisitroadmeforHerearetheystandinguphills    
WhatafineroadthisisformeWindingbetweenthehills    
2εĸһֺĸһʫĸ˵θҲֻϵĴ¶ѣʫͬأ̵ѧʫҲֻѵѣʫ    
3EhrenreichiZeitschfurEthnolVolXXpp3361    
4ʫԼ˵Ǵԭֱģ˵Ψһ⡣ȻöȴΪʫĹĺɵĲȻĹ죬ȫǰʽġΪʫð˵ԭдɵӢʫοGreyVolIIpp312315WaitzGerlandVolVIpp757758    
5TaplinTheNarrinyeri    
6EyreVolIIp239fromTeichelmannandSchurmann    
7SpencerDescriptiveSociology    
8ԭǣPindiMaibirkibirkiparratoEyreVolIIp239fromTeichelmannandSchurmann    
9TaplinTheNarrinyeri    
10GreyVolIIp309    
11HoneryJourAnthInstVolVIIp245    
12GreyVolIIp308    
13HoneryJourAnthInstVolVIIp244    
14GreyVolIIP310    
15BroughSmythVolIp62    
16ManJourAnthInstVolXIIp389    
17BaosAnRepBureauofEth188485p649    
18RinkTalesandTraditionsoftheEskimopp66etseq.    
19ʫԭģ    
Kuhorssuanguakimakajahaija    
imakajaha    
haijaokalulerangameimakajahaija    
imakajaha    
haijaavalagkumarpungaimakajahaija    
imakajahaetc.    
imakajahaijaĵûģǵTralalaFolderol·    
20׸裬һƣÿ֮󶼸һĵ䡣    
21Rinkp89ԶӦǣǶԭʼʫ֪ʶǺܲȱȫġǣһʫͣԭʼ˺ͬȳôǵѼޣҲһ൱ˡ22WestermarckHistoryofHumanMarriagep357    
23ֿĸ˵׸裬һġ    
24BoasAnReptBureauofEth188485p649    
25ManJonrAnthInstVolXIIp389    
26WaitzGerlandVolVIp755    
27Ibidp756    
28ŷҲвͬӡп£Boccaccioġʮ̸ͿԼһȤζӡڵյ¡˵һŮӵˣŮӵֵɱˣǸҵ˵ͷڻĹ¡֮ǿԶؼšǰҵĻȥ˵ģqualeessofulomalcristiano̲ʵ˺ǡChemifurolagrascaetcŮǣFilemenaĹ¶ܻϲΪǴǰʱֻ裬Ƕֻôġ    
29EyreVolIIp229    
30BarlowJourAnthInstVolIIp144    
31ͼ䣬һֵעرʫԣǺܿȥ˵Դ    
32ManJourAnthInstVolXIIpp118389    
33Ҫ˵ֹԭʼʫʽϵĹ۲졣а˹ڰ˹Ħ˵ʫɣһЩϸ˵ÿһΣlongsyllablesԼ̵ΡĶΣshortsyllablesϽŵ֣accentedparts֮ǰڷĲ֡־ɵĽӦʵǷǳ㣬ұ仯ܶģԲ˵ҲԺԵؿһֵĽ࣬ʽǱκﶼҪ־ĺɵãҲζĿơBoasboccitp651˵ɺǡķġУ˾ǵĸҲϵġWaitzGerlandVolVIp756    
34ManJourAnthInstVolXIIpp167etseqڶºξٳʫйصġ35̿ʹһ⸫ɼģ龳ʾ˵ʮԶ    
36BroughSmythVolIp478оٵģµļʽ    
37ManJourAnthInstVolXIIp172    
38Rinkp89    
39Rinkp90    
40RatzelVolkerkundeVolIp75    
41Rinkp89    
42Rinkpp93etesq    
43ǿа˹¼Ititaujang˵loccitp617άĴ˵TheSagaofWielandthesmithȽſ    
44RatzelVolkerkundeVolIp78    
45BoasIoccitp649    
46EyreVolIIp240    
47άBoveᵽûмдҮ壨yahgansݵϷ磬ʵҲġ赸    
48赸£ƶϵĹڰ˹Ħ˵ġ赸    
49ChorisVoyagePittoresqueautourduMonde    
50LangTheaboriginesofAustrliaBroughSmythVolIp171ŷ˵¼ݵκԭʼԡ    
51Ļ׶ҵԭʼдĳԣǰ˵Ŀ̺ۼͰ˹ˣAlaskanĻ滭ǵʶۣȫڱʫʽġ    
52WaitzGerlandVolVIp706    
53Ibidp707    
54ManJourAnthInstXIIp122    
55Rinkp14˺֮ԵĲ𣬱Ƚ͵֮ĲҪһ㡣    
56Rinkp14ڿᲩʿDoctorKaneʿϿİ˹ĦСʱ򷢾ԼϽе࣬úܾ档    
57StokesDiscoveriesinAustraliaVolIIp216        
Դ 
Ľ     
ʮ    
Ļͽ׶Լø赸ʫüСûְ赸ԭʼټҲһǴûиʱҲԷת˵ûģϣп˵ǿͬһƺߡ1˹Ħ˳óʹ裬ֻڱռҪĵλʹǲĽΪ賡Ϊquaggi2Ʊ˵赸ڣҲһĿԵֽڡǵ׼Ҫϰ赸ʱõĶͺϳ3ޱcorroborryɱŮֶ֯ӣʱ˶ͺԹߴĺͳӡֵİ࣬ԭʼϷƾĲȱ٣ҲͶɷġһȷһְ˵ݼָ߶ڳ泪˵ʱɸŮǷϳǸĵ䣬ðǵƤࡣ4ԭʼʫǺֵģ˵ġ˵ġ򱱼˵ĸʣһɴ߾˵һɣΪǾҪЩΪɵԵʣѴǾıɾʧԭ⡣ʫʫһ֣ҲǼģ質ġ赸ʫ־γΪһȻ壬ֻΪķܹǷʹҪȷе˽ⲢЩԭʼĸ״书ܣǱʼռǵãǲǸԶȴǼелš    
һ棬֪Ϻʫ赸йϵ֣ȴȫֿͬ˵һִķ͹ܣܺȡֵλû屾Schopenhauer˵ġ˵ǸȫģȫģʹûҲܹĳһʽϴڵģǱĵط5һεӴȻȡǵĲϺģͣġµġ軭֣ڴƷϮȻκᣨGurney˵ģִȡʽȻûԭͶ뿪ҲܴڵӺͽϡּ⣬ÿΪǸͬȵȻġԣߵļⲻΪϣҲ֪Ƚǰеù㷺ЩߵļҪȲϣAbbDubosֵˡ˵续ġȻκɫһּҲġɤĳ̡̾Ϣתȡһ仰ҲġȻĸһԴӶȲ˵仰ԺѲ֪˼װǲûʲôķչ󣬵ǵʱΪ˹áΪĽѧȷۣҸԳֵķչ6ThePowerofSoundУúܼ򵥵ļ仰˹ۻĸҪʾ˹˵ֵĸԴں鼤ʱԵԿҲ˷ãΪʹ仯ӷӱˡ˹۵Ļںʾ˷ܵʣǸ質Ժ泣Բͬʡǿȣʵʣӹ߶ķ룬̵ĶͼѸٵת䡣Ϊ質ЩʵǿͼӾ硣7˹˵ҥԼһ֣֮չñȽԲұȽϷḻġ¡ʵϣ˶Ȳŵ⣬ûʲôΪԴԵ˵Ǻ˵ΪʵּⲻݡԣӵֵȻһ˵ǣҪ̽߼ȫֵԴŸνǴʵġ    
ΪҪľҲԭʼֵоǺεȵҪ˹Ĺ۵ǻϣּ˷ܵԡ֮ҪʾִͷǺͺʽһ͸ԽȻͬģӵһ˵֤ݱȻܵʤ    
ǶҲͶһһԷֳɲϺʽֵĲϾtoneЩʽΪֲͬԭ涨ǽ͵ͣrhythmandharmonyԭ򡣶ԭֵЧͬҪġֵĽ򵥵ʽУһһСȺйʱġĳһߵ͵ͱһߵ͵ĺϹĹϵġԭĵͬʱ͵ԭʵĵ͵ͺͳɣmelody仰˵ɵʽڽغ͵͵ص˵ļϴڵġ    
ɤVoiceĻͽ׶ԣֱеöࡣҪѼԭʼۣҾ˵ѣҪһַҴ۵ĶκԭʼʵȷȴѶѡԭʼɵŷףûҪرע⣻Ϊǵ׷֯Щĸʽ׼ͬԭʼɵԵĴܿסŷ˶ԭʼֵжҲȫҸûмֵΪǰҪĹоԭֻΪʺԭʼԭʼ֣жŷˡֻЩȷʵļ͹۵ı¼Χѡȡϡ    
άӵжϣп˵ĸ質ªġǵĸһַĽкţĸߺͣغͬʱǰ۱ͷָÿֻʹʱ򣬸ѿŵúܴǴ˨ʹǵĿڳΪࡣŮûгߵ죬ȻҲֻ8    
ƱǶֵŬƺҲп˸߲˶١˵ǵ赸ɸӲϵط質Ŷ̵ɣǼ質ʱᷳĵӲʵ²ʿDrBranderзһмƶ֤Ȼŷ˵Ϸĸǲǰ˵ɵȴһʡŮӡ߸Ӻкһʵ飬õĽǡû˿ȷĸ߶ȵĹʹżȻŷkeynoteҪǰ·ǲܵġ9һ棬Ʊ˶ڽȴһֺĸоҳϸر    
ڰ˵Уһý࣬ҲԶ׼ġķɶȣLumholtz˹˵ǶɵҪȶӵЩҵĴѧȫɵĸҵĸһҲǻϲֻһ׸裬úȷӳʱϲˡ10öƶϵİ˳һԣҲ֤ʵǳóġׯϵķܶĸ裬ҳúܲҲܳ裬Ƕֲϲͨŷ޵̵ֲӡǾúܿЦ11ǳȷӣBeckler˵ͨǶúѸٵġʵλٵİ˵ɣǴһλȫĬǶЩɵһ¹ѧģҸһ˵ǡԲġֵĽĿŮǺСǡĴġйҫȼյľģֳ׷裬һġԻ͵Ļͼֵһķ֮ӣ԰ɡGDУȻ԰״ӣDHУ˵ɣÿ͹۵̬ȼġĴŷ޸ıE׷ͿޱеӤCȻڣָ˵ԭɵľ裬Ҳ˸ı䡣ڣFreycinetҲºɣƺõӺͼ׷úܶࡣȻ׺ϵģױҲûìܡǶԳӣFF֮½̺Ͱ׵ĽչʹãĸеһǴӣD½İ׶ɡЩףͬŷ޵ı׼⣬Ϊ̵ļ㲻ȷʹ˲⣻ЩǳģʵֻķǸӵģûΪ߸оҪֵĸƺǴһȵ̿ʼ½Լ·ȫ֣ǲƣҲΪֽУһΨһġȷϵõõġĽ䡣ڷںпжв١ʣBrownļҲϡǵĳԸͼΪʼȻʹǵ䵽͵һеᣬǵ˵Ҳ𽥱ĸ質ÿǿҵĸ鶼ʻǸ質Ƶġ12    
˹Ħ˵֣ƶϵ˵ҲͬˮƽϡǵĶнҪȵռʤЩĿǺ޵ģҲءа˹ӣԼҲŷֵ֯Щ֮СɡһЩɷֳ飬ʹǵĳͶ̵൱ǴǿŬֻԵַͶ޹ѡ    
ֵİߵĵλɵڲˡ˹TheophilusHahn˵һšѧϰɼҼȷҵĸ䵱ϣNamaquaĻͶʦڰ࿪ǣAngraPequenaҰǶĲ˵İСڻƻʱСٶǸ質޸裨choralsʹܸо֡ϲ˾Ȼڼ֮ڣͻᳪ˽ĺɡֵϣ˹̩Liechtenstein˵ΪáĻǲרΪ質ģǶڲֵĵˣǵ˯ѲΪţΪǴߵĹˡԶԶЩʱ򣬲ò죬ֻб徲֮СְĲҲǵףγʮ̣ȻЩķټĽ࣬ɵȵȡҸҴ󵨵˵ȴʹһֺܱµСҵáߡһ֣ΪЩ򲻺ǵһ£ȻöġйĺĹϵǶֻ̡֮һٱǵĳΪЩڶԼڶȺͳȵСڳȺͶ߶֮䣬תʱ߶ȵĺҡÿĹϵлøЩ䲢ʮ־һҪôʹûңҲʹ˸о㡣ġgoraڽϸߵİ˶ܹ֮ڶʱȻЩϸߵǶе㲻һģҺγɴĶĺǽϵ͵ԵûбɣеĲóͬĽʵʰÿһ֮ǰҪ˵̣õеġһеļУһע£ǵĸУ֮ЩϸعĽǵĸеԿ֮ľ룬ҡڶĵͣҪǸҪӵԭء˵ֹϵ֮ԴڲѡֻҪЩɣʱ򳪵ģ밴ȷӶ͹ˡ򣬽ҲǴԭʼϷչġ    
Ļ׶εֻӡõչģkettledrumԲУƺֻһûֹģпˡһв䶼ʽеªֹġչĵԭʼʽڰޣ13ǿ¾ԭʼϵӡŮǴӦֻǽŻžŵƤڱʱ򻹿ڼõġ14ֱƤľģΪǰ˷ģǴˣMelanesiansѧġһֱʹõİӵȴܸԭʼʡһӲľƳШεĴֹһرǿ15˹˵ȣsoundingstickǡԹɵƱĴ赸ָý̤˷壨soundingboardǼӲľͷƳɵĶε״壬Լߣߡһ͹һ氼һͨðѻֻơõʱ򣬰͹һϣխһͷУһֻ̤̤Ϊ·һʯͷ16˹Ħ˵ĹģһаѱĴԲεĹġȦͰѱľƻþƣ˺ѱ¹ƤֱԼӢߣʮӢ糤Ӣֵİá17˵Ĺģֳؽгۡ÷ءrommelpottģƤڿڵƻƵϣָͷõġ    
ĵǴ󲿷Ψһ˹ĦƱԼ󲿷ֵİ޲䣬ǳ˹ģͲ֪бκֻа˹ٸۣPortEssingtonطһƣӢñӴ18һ棬пȻûйȴִһtaquara¶ףΪŮá19һôβƤƳɵȡ20ȴѾչˡǲõĸԼġһ٣ȷǴӺתģһֺ«ٴԼӻٶ崫ֺ«һľƵĹ״һ«棬ΪڵһĻ»񶯵Ĳ֡21ֻǵԭʼġgoraǲԭеⲻǲصʵߡٱ˵ӵĶڹһͷͷ͹ľ֮䣬һпڵģҶӵıƽ𾥲롣촽ţƾźĳʹÿǺģΪʹԼùֵʳָĶ22ЩܹǵǵУͷ֮áշƣLevaillant˵һʹȷרεϰһע£һô˶ȸӡһܷõĸһ    
ǿԭʼֵɫôЩɫڸּжԵرֳˡĻͽ׶ֵǳֵġ߶ǵء仰˵һɡ֣polyphonyͽ֣symphony֪ġɵУ׿ԽطˣȴڵͣԭʼɺǵĲ̲ͬͬ⡪һλαȽ٣ڶĸ߶ȱȽϲ    
֪ʶǿԶ˹۵ļֵжˡλӢѧΪֵȪԴ˷ܵԣƶٶԺ֡رǸ質ͬʵһ´ڵģԭʼĸ質бѾԵرֳˡ˹˵質ڸԣȽϸߴ󣬶ճԲͬߴ󲢲ǸԻ質ձ״ԭʼȻø質ģȴҲõ質ġѾ޸ŮǵĳͿޱĸ質͵ĳ̶ȡһ棬ɤȻʹͨԭʼճб𣬵Ҳͬʹ͸бǿǵĶĻߣԣ֮ǰߣճԣǷֵġԣӲɤ͸ߵгЩʡ23質ԣȻ뿪ӹ߶ȵһһµġַһγԵһԣͻأִӲģɿ´һ򵥵μҲᴳһ̣ʮȻ˶ҲϣġЩرֳҸֵطչˣʲôأһʲôԭʼ質һƵĶΪԭʼĸ質ֻͨмƶǼ̾Ǻ͸ԲƵġڸУǳΪԭʼ質ֽҲѰһۼֻһ˵Բĸ質֮ĸ質ӽԡȱ߶ȵĽޣǸһ㣬άϵ˹ۣ۵㣬ȫȱݡԭ質ȫ֡Ļͽ׶ҲһĻĽ׶һǺ͸ȻҽȻͬġ˹ԴԵ˵ԭʼ־ͶѵƷĿ顣24    
ôôֵأΪͽĲܣǵĶȣΪԵֶζõġּ⣬Ǵӹ۲󲿷ֵԶڷֳڼǵһйԼĸ飬Եע⣬ƶϳǼٶע֮⣬ʹԷУôֵĲܣȻΪ̭桢ĽԶͱչĳ㡣󻹰Ѽǵº͡ʤĻϲս˻ȵָʾ˵һܹиʤҳ¡˹Ļ˵ֻǲĴںͲ׹ЩǱŵ˵Ϊֻĸ͹ĲȷԶظ˾Զǰ˼һֻмٶͽǰһжﶼΪǿĸĽβùſɡٶģŴ֮ԭΪǵģһʽ˾Զǰǿҵĸ顣뵽ЩģquadrumanaԵķٱȴԵķٸһԳĶ﷢һ־ȷİʵʳ25ʱ򣬾ͲȡԻŮԻԡǵõõԱʾǰѾͽֵ࣬ĻΪزе˵øǿҵĸ˵ҡʫ˻ּңһû뵽ʹİȣھԶĹȥʱ˷йǵսķյֶͬΡȻʵַܹ˵Ұָ֡Ǻ˺ͻٶ塪зչֲܵʵ    
ֵʽ׿ԽĽڽһߡֺ赸йϵǿȫʵһ棬ֻͣǻһطչšĸ߶ҡģҲȫ̶ġôôﵽ̶ɵγأעʵио飬֣صرֳʱǾҪǿĹƽֵĵӣΪǿǱܵػѡʹǵźƣ͵ļǵķٲ֪ػᱣСΧڵĸ߶ȣȻڵ档26һ棬̩޶Tylorƶľȷʹöγɵģ򵥵еһǱȣע⡣ȴªʽһ޼޵ɭľϻƤɵһֳܡһȡԷͨҡcegcȡȻɣ˵ȫֵҪİ˶ȡȡĶȡȵ̡27ԭʼֵ֪ʶ̫ȱˣǺܿϧģȻǴּϿ֪Щʹɵ߼ĲˣҲȷġ̡Щ̺ǵĲһ¡ֻǲҪϣ˹̩׵˵ǵ̲ǵеġ    
õĶǼٶ⣬ǷܹչٶΧ⣬ܶԡЩٶѾʹǸڵķչĵ˵ֻ漰Զͱķչ漰Դٳ֪ʵֻ˵ıͳУ˵ֵ⹦ܻûʹĶۡʵЧܵԣڱĸͲм˵ģļٶ˵Ŵ֮ԭԼģػ˾ԶǰǿҸ顣ǶνŴ֮ԭĹ걸ǲòϴĵ˵ڣȫֱһĲס    
ǳֱָǵıޱȵ˶⣬ûзԽ⡣˵ֵĵһԣЧβalphaandomegaԣģһֲκǿ硣һݵ˵ǸǿĻѾȫµľ飬޷ֳɸһӣΪáװ㽡աοڻŵȵȡһк¶һ档ȫҺͻ㱵ġǲ˵ﱾϵ̽˵棬Ҫзʱȴǵ֪ʶɲˣʵʣ׶ҷʽеͳһ͸ԵġΪֵĸЧܲСؾֵЧܵʱǲĳ̶ֳҲֳܱľӦֵֶΡҪģֻԭʼرעġ˶ɣFechnAerȷ˵ֻʵʵ͹Ҫĸϣǡ˵ͶԶرͬķʽֹߺٸӦ֮ܵķΧ൱ϲһʣtempoһֲֽ࣬ͬͬĲͬҲͶϲúͱʵı֮䡣Ȼ˵ǻӳģϲŭи質ʱ˷ܣ質ÿ죬ڷŭʱ򣬳øӿ졣28ּ˵ǲΪҪκ飬ǰı֣ƺĲЩԷȻŵĲͬԻһ¡ֲ˵ΪԶ֣ʵϲɵĻ͵ģһֱֵĻɺ͵͵ӡ󡣡29ıϵʱҲǺ޵ģһϣܺͬ滭̻ʫȣ⡣30ֵļıۼֵĸЧȫͷ㵹áʹֻܹʹǲֵءֳĸ飬ȻܹĶĸ顣˵ܹȫҳ̶ֹ㷺Ӱǵһ˵ڽ̸ĸʱȫ񶼳ɿȳ·ãLuther֮˶Ǽ򵥶˵½̵ʫжĽ塣硰Щ˹ĸıڽ̣˽̻ᣨByzantineChurchʥӰ졣31֣˵й侫·õս衪ɴ̤ǰʿöУŴ¹ӹսʤ׳귨͹װŷ޵İۡûһӿȱپֵġ    
ݴĵѧ˵ΪԵĹ߶ԭʼࡣϣܹĻ׶Ŀϵ֡ϣ⡣ѰҲһ򵥱۶ϣйʲôһʽĻĽ׶רΪٽԵĽʶࡣһ棬ҲһʶھϵļֵսǰҹҰԵĸԼǵ32ͿBuckley˵սʼ֮ǰһһӱʿ֮ǰ衣33˹ۼսҲ迪34Ȼھϵ壬͵Ļ׶ﵽǺ޵ģΪս35ڡҰġԲУʲôһ˵¡ԭʼִΪİࡣ͸ӣӱǵĶһ㣬ǰΪ赸ӰĴ󲿷֣ȷҲֵġȻֵעǣӰҪӦ鹦ڽ߲࣬رеҪءƺϣҲռųԽĵλڿ˽ͼΪʲôĹзǳҪ36    
Уڴֵֶ龳УִֻǷֱĿСÿġܹ֮ãΪԼĿжϵ֮⣬עκ顣ֻͨԼԼʵһҲ֪ǿԼٶǴֵֻ⻹ʲô    
ǶȻָܹ׶ַĹϵĻಿ֮䣬û˶ѰĽȻǳ̽⡣˵ˣĻ̶ȺǳȽϰֵͼбȽϴֲܣܹܱܹ֮˸ǿֱӡ󣬸ܹ˽ֵ壬ҿɴܸȤֵĸȴڱ˸塣37ֵĲʵƺĲӦһЩ˱֪ʶˮƽ£ֵĲȴܷҲһЩкܸߵ֪ʶĲܣȫȱֵĲܡ38ǾøֲܣҲ͸˵ֲһǱ仯޳ҸԶġ˵ֲܳһ֮ϣȻȴȫͱһĴªͿݾͽϷĹȥ۲죬֮ĹϵҲǲ׵ġΪʲô¹帻м߳Ž٣ڹϵеӢм侹ܲһΰּأǵ¹ֲܵ츳ӢЩȻ⻹Ҫ׿ԽǴأƱزһֹĹϵźĳһĳһʱ֮䣻Ƕ̹׳ϣûֹ֪ϵʲô    
һֺǸûйϵôҲԵת˵һǸָûйϵȻĻͽ׶ֵļӵʵӰ졢ҲԶֱӵЧ֮£չҲǺߣֱӵЧãռơչеԭأͣʾֵģЧҲΪרֵġֵ߳ʽȷңBeethoven֡ʵͦԶģûʵʻ壬Ҳûбʲô壬ֻһּȲҲܼġֵ塣ͼţǴڽĹߣѾᱳˡѰʲôˣֵֻ֤Ĺ׾ˡ    
֣ʺ޿ױȵĵλΪһֶԵһбòΪĿȫȻֻΪĿġ˵ֿ˵رֺʫмеⲿϵȴ̵ڲʫ磻֮Լҿ˵ҵĹȲϡ    
1ZeitschFurEthһ˰棬ҳ    
2AnReptBureauofEthһ˰ҳ    
3JourAnthInstʮ˾ҳ    
4LangBroughSmythһһߡҳ    
5SchopenhauerSammtlicheWerkeGriesbachseditionһġҳ屾ǰɷHoffmannѾĽKreislerianaаֵԸþʵ־дˡǶô찢JohannesKreisler˵ǶǶôѲⰡǼľǵ𣿲ǰѿɰþǵĵǲȫ֮ùԴӳƣѹ½ѳǵģһʥͨȫһϵľʹܹ˵δ֪ԣһѧʦʤһ֪ػһĵĻΣòõԲз裬ʹÿһܹ˽г޲״    
6HerbertSpencerOntheOriginandtheFunctionofMusicڳڵʷɲGurneyThePowerofSoundһ˰ˡ׶س棩еTheSpeechTheoryһ£̶Ȥ    
7Gurneyҳ    
8Wiedһҳ    
9ManJournAnthInstʮŶҳ    
10Lumholtzҳ    
11Ȼȴ˵ڰ˹طϷԺˡϵ۾Ȼʺһ磬Ǹжˡ    
12WaitzGerlandҳ    
13רֵҲһʽģ˵ޱʱϥϵҶѣԼЪBurchellиǵĲʱ졣    
14ʱƤٰһBroughSmythһһߡҳ    
15Lumholtzҳ٣ķɶҲֻһΡ    
16ManJourAnthInstʮžҳ    
17BoasAnReptBureauofEthһ˰棬һҳ    
18WaitzGerlandҳ½ϲֻ֪    
19Wiedʮһҳ    
20EhrenreichZeitfurEthһ˰˾棬һҳ    
21Hahn˵һƵߣ˵٣Violin̥    
22RatzelVolkerkundeһߡҳһߵͼ    
23Gurneyҳ    
24׵Ĳ˹ѧ˵Ϻ߼ֵʵPowerofSoundʮһ¡    
25ֻᳪԳԳķBrehmThierlebenһдԳĳ˵׶صĴԳʱܽгǳֽȫ¼ͷE׿ֱȫڰ˶ȫжΪÿһǰʱ򵥵һһ½ʱȴˣʱ쵽֡սʱǽһС⶯бݵĹѸٺ׼ȷʹһ˳Ծ    
26ҳ    
27TylorAnthropologyһҳŶҳ    
28WaitzGerlandҳ    
29FechnerVorschulederAesthetikһһҳСֱֵءһڣ˵ȷ֡    
30ҺΪЩǵľԹֱֵӵӰ죬䵽޶ӡȥ׷Ѱ絽޶ӡȥ̽ȺڵĸΪϳĸоģǺģŽ塣ҳ    
31ҳ    
32BroughSmythһһҳ    
33ͬһҳ    
34Ibid.    
35˵սǲԣй涨Ķ˹Ħ˾͸֪ս¡    
36֮Եࡣڽ࣬ҲӦȡͬķʽܹ¸ҵַ֯ӦдǾ䣬ȥǽ࣬Ӧȶ࣬ϴǾ䡣˵ЩΣң㷽Ÿҵһ    
ǣʵڵģشҲܸ㡣ֻ֪ԭ򡭡ɾͶɣͬأ;ͶһҲ֪ʲôʲô˵Ӧþ̵ɣDamonʲôǱֱɡи޼ֵģʲôǱЩ෴顣PlatoTheRepublicһһҳJowett    
37FechnerVorschuleһһҳ    
38磺ǣLessing£KantĪManpassant        
Դ 
Ľ     
ʮһ    
Ǻһ̽·ĵؾ̽ռһѾ̤ԭʼȫءҳƽ̹Ĵ·ǲòΪԼһСÿϰطǰʵΣǲֱͨƵеİ޳ɭһ׷ңĵطҡҡʱ϶ɹŴڵӣĵΪȫŨһܿǵĵЩΪܹڵƽϿɽ壬ֻ˵ƬԶдĵͼȻ¶հ׵ĵط֮мصĵص㻹ҪֻࣻԡԵõ֪ʶҲ֪ʶϣο    
Ǵԭʼо֮ǰһʼһ̽֡ǵĶ˵ŬҪ̻Ľ顣ǼȾϤǱϸϲʮкʵʵġԭʼĴƷǴĶͬʱʹʵʵĿõģҺҪĶҪֻҪѡԭʼװʹȫȻΪװ֮ãǵʵõͱǡУҲĿռҪλְֻĶһ㣬Ǹ߼ҲûгԲ֮ϵλڸ߼Уֺװ꣬Ҳٷһר׷ȤƷ    
ŬͼĻ׶ȻѵüһӵģȴԴ׿ұϻǺڸ߼Ļ׶ֵһʽԭʼֻһ޷̽ѰǾǽķչԭʼԱıԼ«ȣֻеʵҪ⣬õһѾ֪ġʹȷŵҪʫĻϷչĹдĳ֡ԭʼʫֳȴͼĻ׶оԶĸԳˡ    
Ұһµ㲻ڿȣȡԭʼʽʱȻȥǹģһп죬ɿҲߴͬƳɵġ˺Ͱ˹ĦõĽࡢԳơԱȡߵԼ͵ȻĴԭŵ˺ͷ˹ˣFlorentinesõȫͬѾһٶԡرǹװΡϸͨΪģҲԶͨҪءʵѧϵȻûġǵоѾ֤ǰѧһ仰࣬жձЧҲйձЧķ򡣺һ¶Ǿͼԭʼĺ͸߼ʽ֮Ĳķʵķ档ԭʼֵҰģĲƶģʽǼª׾ӵģȻҪַĿģڵǺһʱһ¡    
Ƕѧ˵ǲоԭʼΪ㣬ǻòŬݵҪ嶯ϸ˵ûеһ嶯ûеһһǻĿֻҪұס嶯ͨЩһĽרġ1嶯ʵǺϷ嶯;ĿĵģǴĻĳ嶯2ҶЩԸָʽģһĳ嶯ͬһĶձеʣ߱ԻҪϵöա嶯ҪĻŲֻҪЩʹչʲôķȥˡ    
ЩԲƷԳȵһԣװϡþװϡϡڲϡʫϣǶڸһһͬԡֿһֱ֤ԣķչвûжȻ塣ԭʼһ£ԭʼֵķ磬վڼìܵĵλѧĹ۵㿴˺Ͱ˹Ħ־ͬ壻ȻһߵװǼһߵģǲװʽͲҳһʱѾĳһͼԨԴ˭˺Ͳ˵һȽϣֽ˺ͲıȽϣӵ̩ɣTaineѧ˵˵һҪԵı֣ٲΪ̩Ƶձ׵ԡҲԶչӰ죬ǲȷָֻ˵оĽΪ۾ݡӰ죬Ļͽ׶УҪʣǶȻģҲһָλֻһķչС֡һֽϴ壻ǹԭʼֵ֪ʶ̫ǳ֤Ҳܽ⣬ԶӰǲĻĽչġǿĸԡ˵ĸԣͬǵķչвӵʱʵֻóֿԵġһ棬ǲǸ߼ʱȽϵͼ廹ҪͲöࡣ    
ԭʼһ׵ָһһµԭ򣻶һµԭѾڸֺ͸䶼ȫһµʣͬʱһ䶼ǿҵӰ켰ĻһֵӣʳķҵȻǻܽ龳͸ַԭʼʽԭʼʽ֮Ĺϵ׷ֻǴѾԴеŪˡʵǱĴ¡ֵһλĶ⣬Ļ׶Ϻʽ׵ԳֱӻЩª޶ĶȻӰ졣ǲһУȷ֤Ӱ죬ڻ滭͵һЩе˺޵ƵĻ滭͵̣׵ضԳرзչʮȫ澺ϵĳɹ    
һʽ岻ܲƾĵȻǷԣΪȱƶһʼֹͣǰʱѧŵΪǹ谭ϸߵʽչϣĻ׶εΪоѾʹЩרŹ۲߼Ļ׶ѧѧҾþ۹Ĺϵϻһ⡣ϵӰ졣Ǻͺյº̩ڸ߼ļͬյº̩˵ľһֱӵӰ졣֮Ӱ죬Ǽӵģ򾭹֧ǲѾм䷢һѧձ׵ķٺܻǲڸ߼Ҳ֤ʵһӰ죻ⲻΪڸ߼иθӣΪǾбȽϷḻĻߣʹǵҵȽӰ졣ĻĽչѾѱȻ֮£Ȼǿֱ仯ķϣҲܹҳ൱μ    
ûһûѾ֪ҰĺĲҲǵʱ;ϡǱվʵúͿѧĸ̨ϣΪνϷľԸ֯άϵͷչҪҵִѧĹ۵˵ȫĪġĴܵľʵҪʵڲνϷôȻ̭ضЩ˷Ѿ֮µ壬ӻЩʵʲܵ壻ͬʱҲܷﵽظḻ˰աȱϣԭʼֱӵ⣬ҲһʵʵҪԣңоĽҲ֤ʵ۶ϡԭʼֲͬķʽӰԭʼװرɡװκ赸ԵĽռҪλãܹӰԵѡѾ˵ǻܴٽĸһ棬װΪҪŵ˶ģʫ衢赸֣ΪҪܼ͹սʿͳΪȺսĳǱˡЧӰ죬ܹǿŽᡣһͬʺӰ졣һ棬赸ʫǵĸԺȥǿŽᣬһ棬ȴͬɲȫûĿġЩڵԭ⣬ĻҲһ־ữְĳһʱĳһҪֻʵС磬裬Ⱥڹһʱ򣬾ʧӰһ棬ʫȴӡˢķֳΰޱȵչУȨһӵһΪӰ裻ϣˣѾЧذǵ˼ںϳһ壻ͣΰԺĵϽͻ飻ոʱڣ滭һܹŷ˶˽ԣʫº͵ܹڵжԵĽ׼װĻ졣ǣʱĽѾرǨˣ廹ǼҰĲʵʩĽӰ죬Ҳϵ͸ǡԭʼ֮ߵְͳһ˵Ʒḻ֮ʣͳһҸľ񡣿ѧʵǵ֪ʶҲͬʵǵĸͿѧеĳĹߡνϷһֲȱٵְܣҲ澺Ч֮һؽ澺չøӷḻֻԼֱӵֵʷϱչȥȴҪΪмӵֵḣҪʶѾڸʱˡǿоһ׵ָǻѾʩڽѧҡҺμǵȷȨҪȥṦЧķ桪ǣڵ·棻ΪһְܣÿְܶӦЧ֯άϵͷʹҪΪµģȷһ˵Ϊ»ģǾͲˣΪǵҪ󣬵ʹΪֻʱ򣬲ʱ    
оĽԭʼͬʱҲֻѧһ棬ڿͷʱָѧһ档Ļ׶ٶǣֻһоӰ㹻ˣΪǲһУΪֻ֮£ΪֱܷһСȻڸ߼Ļ׶УӰ⣬ԸչеļֵֵøΪʵʣ߳ڴˮƽ֮ϵߵߴֻͨ˵Ǹ˵Ӱ졣Σʵڸĸ˵ĺ͸˻Ӱ죬ѾĺữӰ졣һķչΪ˷չ֮ǰһֶεˣǿվ޿ɱȲĸ߶ȡ˵ڸ˵ķչ壬ǻһֱ֮ѾĻҪʱоǣǺָܿʹⷽ濴ҲһǲƷкʵĿ֮ɡ˵Ϊԭ򣬾һ̵ìܴ֮˵ĺְ֮䡣һ棬ʹʮ̶ּеظһ棬˵˸ԵķչȴǴнųΪڽʦİͼͺΪ屾    
1βʲôһ嶯ڣԸֱÿŵĸ˸϶ͬ嶯ڷЧǴֵġʫĻ͵ʽеʵҲǴġһ嶯ֻһ仰ʵֻʫġ滭ġֵĻ߽ĳ嶯ѡЩͬĳ嶯ͻͬȵָԶشšһּҲûһһ嶯ֵʽʹ㣬Ǵͷȫ޹ϵָšоţһŵġ    
2嶯ķڱĿڡѧѧ֡Ϸ嶯壬ԲοHerbertSpencer׿ԽĹ۲죬PrinciplesofPsychologyҳİҳ    
3ģвռʲôλҲֻȫĹܡ      
صļԣwww.27txt.com ṩȥ˴վŶ
