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1 

Ǵ·ǰһúܸߺֵܴΪֹǴߵһĸ˺ϱǿס 

˽ٶʷˣǴӵĽʱ仹ʱǾǿóʢĴžԶĻĽ仧ġ˵һϲʪϲֲﳤ׳ʵʾĵˮһܷḻңΪսҲͣѹͷʱ֣Ƕԣڤڤ֮еһԵ֣ǾҲΪԵ֡ 

ǵѡǶԵġǶ˵ǵӣһֱΪδս꼰ûоĴһֱƽ˼Ƿǳ㣬άɽϵط֣ԴϩЩЩСϰնԾ㹻 

ңطĵò飬еԸ񣬴ȻϲǿöΪʩǣҶʱļУһֱƽ 

ĵӵһ죬ҾƽĴӱһôӲ°ڷгʮһֱ 

ˡĸһΪȻΪʮҶʲķҡ 

һɻ飬ʶĴ˲ûеκθı䣬ΪҶˡ 


ǴûãҾ˵һʮ־ȵ顣 

ǵģ֮ľȡ 

ӣ㻹֪סڴ嶫ͷĴɴҲûٵС۾ңһΪ֪أû뵽һֱ֪Ǵͷǿôʵһġ 

Щûû˸˵Ļ֪ 

⵽Ҳǡͷµǽ߿Ŀ̸ˣҶҿĵҲǿ쵽ʮ˲֪µġҲʮ 

Ҳһ£Ҷǰ壬˵˵ǿΪʲһģ 

֪Ƴһۡ 

֪ͷ 

޶Ǵﳤġ 

ճһֻ֣ԭɵķŪׯڶʵĴŪۡûжᣬרעÿһ仰 

˶ܹİǿǴأ飬еġ 

룬ɣҾ벻ҵĿܰΧǿéãתԭ 

Ҳֽġ 

ԶĿЩȷСĸҳǰȥˣû 

ָ˵Ǹס˲ãͷǿĸϾȻһСǵʱˣ˵ӡԵСѿҪӭǵĵǾͺǿôһ˵ҲֵģӴĸﳤСѿ죬ԽԽǱߣѽһ顣ʱǶ˵᳤ڸߴˣǸԵǲһ飬Ҳֿܷġ֮ʱǿ³ԽԽԽԽߣڣѾճһ飬һ壬ֿͻᶼˡǵĴӣѾ벻ء 

˵аҵҲᣬǿÿվ棬ҶḧǿɸԼԼĺۼʱҾں棬᳤ܳһȦȦ˸е͹ۡ 

ֱһ˵ҲŶԭǿĴһƳɵġ 

Ҵɵģǿôڵķȥ彲ĹᣬҾϸڴͷĴ顣 

һɲɷָһ壿 

͸һһľҳŴڴСУ·˶ɴٿܵҡ 

ӣأ 

ͬȴϤҵͷ𣬶ȴǿҵûͣ½ŲҲûлعһ仰 


ǿ£ͣ½ŲʱҿµԴ˫ϥ΢΢ڿޡ 

ͷһĿһؼʱǸⷰǼڴ̼ҵǽ͵ĩʱʹڵ·Ҳƾ·ϳģҪȻԴܲ͸磬˭ϳ˭ 

ӲǺܴͷһ죬Ҿ˵ԭ 

ĸǴﳤƯĴ㣬Ǵ̵ĶŮ˶˵㳤øƵģǰѵһִˡʱΪĹϵһƽĴӱʮ˴궼ǴϹ䣬ܲܲô˹顣 

ĸ˵ʱŶҲڼᣬƨƨߵظͷתҪĸ׳뿪ָؼأ 

С󣬾ͻɫĴ󶯣˼ƨͷתÿ˵£ĸֵøʲƵģЦֱ 

˲ƯǸϻ۵Ůӣʮ꣬ȫĴѧǴһѧ 

ֻдһŮĴ̲˴ĳڣֻϣͤͤŮܹؼĴڴ˳Ҹ˼Ҽ˰ַֹӡ 

ǴӰ˵ŲҪһӶΧǸת˵Ҫɽ⿴գҪѧ֪ʶǣ㲻ĸļԣ뿪ӣ֮ᣬûмٻ 

뿪ᣬЩǽأҲͲˣǴָֻյ徲ӵڴ뿪ᣬ鵱ɹ°żᶼ²⣬᲻᲻ٻصˣһʲӡǷأȻ硣 

˵Ĳ²Ӳô̸ıʲᣬһʱվڴͷᣬ͹ũǼĶء 

˶˵̷ҰѵŮ뿪δعһŵŮ𡣾ɥعѵһŮ 

뿪ȴһ⣬ûʲᲨӣһĹ 



2 

һ¾ʮ죬ʧ˽ʮĴˣһк 

Ǵĺӡкżһģӡղ֪ˡ 

ʮĻǼȹڣֵôȥע顣ϰٻĴһ¼Ͷ֪˴һк¡˶뵽̼ȥӣǣŮĵڶ죬ͰѼŹصʵʵҲشӵǸкסڴ̼Ҹڵ˼Ҷ˵ǾĴȶΪڴӣȴӵĿΪͷƭˣ鲻ýѡ 

Ҳ֪˭ȿͷ˵ģ˵ͷƭˣ˵ͷεĶǸˣǸƭ˴ˣڴΪºᣬ˼ҲӰˡҲǸˣѵĴֻܴӻص 

СҲûȥЩǴֽһⷰ顣ΪǸûкӲ̼߳ңǿҵǾͽڴ̼͵Цſǽϣ߳ȻûʧûжǸǴδк̽ͷ͵ķ 

к¶һɲǣСȫ㶴ˣʱ飬ĺȥ 

ɫԵЩ԰ףԲһó𺳵͵Ưʵ 

ڼþòڼǵʱ򣬲ԵؿٰСԴ賓ʱΪ 

һֱ㵵ǣڴɨ׷ʱ羪ްɢӵԶĵطʱֵܹƺǵͷӡ 

ᣬ̾Լҵǽͷһ㲣룬жǣҪҵǽϡ 

˶ⴻ̵ãŮᣬһˡǸͰף˾صˣÿ̱򣬱òˡ 

֮ǹȻϧټǸµͬմްкڴ̵ıɫͼ˵һҲͲ취̼ҡֻɴ˵ĲУ֪Ǹк 


ʱ佥ţҿʼǸӲ̼߳ҵкʱȴǴǿôٴμ 

ûע⵽ҵĵȻͷ˫ϥ䣬Ӳϲ 

û뵽ĳ֣ԭˢøɾҽʣһʶ뷨ԺҾãʶһѵõĻᡣ 

Сĵȥŵתөûϴڴ̼Ҽһʱٶܵӡ 

ضĸǰ۾ûƶһֵףСŵͷȥǳ˳ĺڷϡ 

ҵĶŵ𾪵̧ͷҵҪǰһ 

̧ͷᣬҲ֪ԭȵ뷨ûдŵȷڿʱ۽ǻˮ˫ڵ÷Ĵ۾¶һЦЦĨȥҵܵľ뺦¡ 

ڷڿᣬһֱס˵ȫҾղŵľŶԵҵĴ 

Ծɰͷϵûеκη£ա 

㷢ˣҵָдģ·ҵֶڻʱѿڶ 

˵仰ᣬԲԲ۾պϣᣬҵĻ 

һȵþ̿¯Ӱӣؽлҡȴһ¡ 

鼱֮£Ұŵҵıϡ 

ڴһᣬҾҼҡ 

ʱֻǵΪĸ׻а취ηյȴ֪ٶıһ 


һصʱĸڼСԺСιʳұһСӻʱĸ׵۵ɵϴ 

裬ˣңСкˣûĸ׶ʱ䷴Ӧҳ¡Ҹоõϵ˶ԽԽߣȵһһ᲻ᱻˡ 

มรĸһ·еĶСܶ 

ү̰ĸ׽ӹұСкʱ 

ĸûԥƬָ̣£ޣ죡ȥЩˮǵöЩˮ 

ŶҵͷӦж 

ĸȥˮʱСкҶʢ¿ˮˮѽʱĸѾҵҩڴߵҵ¿ˮ 

ò׸ڴϵСкιҩûһĸָʹȥˮ 

޿ȥ⺢Ӳӣǲˡ 

áûбԹĵж뿪ǰĸ׵ĵ治֪չ˺ӵģһճ 

룬ĸ׿ܼСкɡȻ֪СкǴĺӣ 

ҲŰˮĿˮϴʹĸ׵ľ 

µû嵽һӣҾͿĸվڴߣȥһҲһ 

Скϰ·ѾĸˣǾֵǣСкȻ˺ۡСС˰̣вٶѪ˿Ск¶ȾѪɫĻߡЩˣɲһֱ쵽ӵסĿǣܿ϶Ҳǰ̺ۡ 

᣿᣿ĸײҡͷԽһУСӰ˵ĸʹĹ򵽴ߣˮ 

Ҳ֪ʲĸ˾ĸСޱסСкᣬ첽ȥ 

û£һֱβĸףҸߵһʱûĵط̵ļҡ 



3 

ĸûʱò̼ҵĴŽգ̧Ⱦߡĸû߶ã̾ͳˣʱѾвٵĴϹһĸٹϡ 

أĸ״ȣŵô̵ֶʱѡ 

ô˿Դһĺӣĸ˵ҿޱСк屩¶ڴ˵Сûгϵأ˶˾̾ 

ĸûջڰ״̬ек¶ڿжãֹޱ 

ĸֱӲ̧ͷĴ̣ߵ˵㣬֪²ݵ֣ؿأ 
 

ҡҡ̧ͷĸһᣬѸٵص£˰죬Ҳ˵һ֡ 

ҵ˭أԭǺùµķ̰ڴҶʼ˽ʱһɳƵŮ˴ҵĶ 

һͷһǴ㣬ʱͷɢ㴩Щ·߳ˡܴڵĴݣǲǸ˵ʵ 

ӣáҽΪʲҪԴĺӣĸһ̰ìͷָ˴㡣 

ߣ㲻ΪȻЦģҪǶ㶼ܲ 

ӣ仰ŭĸףĸıȣʲڵ⸱У 

ʲ᣿ĿʱûҰɭɭضĸеСкҪǸ޲ĸףһᰮΪҵѧҵҵҵһУأǸ´ãֻŪɾ˦ңҲģΪֻҪĺͻңû뵽˵Ӳģ˵ΪƭǮһ˵ĺŪ 

ʱѾСк˺Ǹˣó޵Ŀⶢ 

ûҪĺӣˣᣬ嵽ĸǰסСкϵ¡ 

ӣˡ˵ʮ»̥׹ⰡĸʹȫֹСкߣҲʱǰȥĸס 

ڴ˵Ŀ֮²뿪Скĸס֮УƳСк΢΢У˴սĺ⡣ֻһΪҵĴԡ 

ǣǣǶģҲҪҲҪټһҾ뵽ǸˣɲҪĺө 

ӣڴĿĸͻȻ󺰣еһʱֹĲҪ𣿡 

ĸ׵ıʱޱϾϴǵʱһߵĴ㡣 

ԣҲҪҪˣҲҪټ˩ĸ׵ıôһ㵣ܿ 

Ǻã㲻ҪҪĸ׵Ļеȫҩ֪ģܾĸ׻˵ 

Ȼ㲻ҪˣǴӽ쿪ʼǷҵˣշᣡ 

˻ûӦĸѾ˵ 

ؿĸļᶨګګصͷҪҪʹߣҪǰᣬҪ׿ʲһʹȫ˳ 

һֱʱ̧ͷֱˮ 

ĸڴ仰ͷ˵£ϣ㲻Ҫڵ졣˩סˣ쿪ʼ⺢ӣǷҵĺӡ 

ĸ仰תȥعͷһۡңڰͦñֱĸ׵ᣬҲعͷһľ 

ûκһ˳סǣҸĸᣬһֱص˼ 


ӽƻ踸״ᣬк˹ 

ĸ׵кѽ˵һ顣 

˵ᣬĸױкӽ§ڻУסк۵˵ĺӣĲֿˡԣҲûͰˡ 

ڴߵĸ׵ĻһֱĬ 

ᣬ׶ĸ˵Ҳʺӵ˼ 

ĸһ̽ͷݲ԰׵кӣͿˣˡ뵽ȥȥ裬ջЩȥ 

кڵ˫ĸ׺һᣬˮ۾ҡԽ𣿡 

ĸһϲرкȻԣȻԣⱲӣҾ裡˵ĸ׺ۿ 

һֱվڸߵҲɵðĿƵϣҿҲ۶ؿĸк 

ףҲͬкҲûзĸ׵ľ 

Ҳ쿪ʼһܵܡ 

ĸ׸ԭֶûеĵܵȡһ֣УҰ 

ƣҰҰڹ޾ڡ 

ĸ׵ϣĸ׸ף 



4 

ҵСжޣΪǼڶӵԭʡ෴ҰûҼ֮ǰҸĸһӡһжСΪ֮ǰĸҲһκӣϧСˡʧȥĸһֱܱĸҼԵĺռһλãԣҲһλáңȻλõĵڶλ 

ȻҰͳҼҵޡĸףҰκ˽ޡңֻ׼ҽҰ 

ԵСԵÿɰ 

ǰҰǸк 

˼ϸ壬ÿһ˵˼ʲ鶼иִ硣ϲü޲۶ϲĸ׸ˣÿҰһΣ˵Լõ˸ӡ 

ĸû˵֪ĸͬʱ̾ϢΪʲ᲻ϧĺӡ 

ҰǸǳк 

Ҽҵĵһᣬĸ׾ȵ֪˴ӲҰѧ顣ҰѧУʲᶼ֪ȷ߿۵ĸױҰ޾пꡣ 

ɾҰһͬ亢ѧ֪ɺӴˮһѸûƶռ䡣ҰĴʱȷеıڴǰ̶һ꣬ҰܿľͳΪСѧ꼶ѧ 

ҰͷԡòƷж֮ϡڣ˼ָ˵ǷҰĸ硣ҰܵעĿҴֻǾԺⷰǰ˵ҵĵܾܵǷҰοҵܵʮңҵĶϲҡ˵ĻԹԵһڵĵܵҵĻ˵ܲ 

ҰܵܣһֱĴмġ 

Ұĳڣ̶֪ҰҼҵĵ죬ȫɴʧˣʲʱ뿪ģû֪ĸףһֱԴľе޺ޡҰ֪ûκηӦһ˵뿪ңΪ봻̵뿪еİÿοҰЦͬľ˸ĺóԶܵǰʱǾã뿪ˣá 


Ұܳ羴磬ͬҲϧҰҼҵĵܵܣûĸ׵ķԸҶǾľչΪҰǴǰĲ죬ҴҰڴÿһˣ 

ڴ죬һҰڱϸʪˮ׽죬ڴӱ峺ĺˮҰӾ죬Ǿ͵ũ͵ժӣڶ죬Ҵⷰǵո 

ɽĺӡеÿһĵĻӭҰļ룬ΪҰΪⷰϲѡҰ֮ⷰҲҵ˼ΪҰ˸ͬⷰ飬޾ҰҵĻȥˣû뵽ǣҰ칤򣬾ͳ˴ͬ͵ĺӵġ쵼ÿ죬ҶܿҰ˵飬˵ʲҪҰȥĸӱĺ۸ҰɽҪҪһȥժȵȵ顣 

ǳЩԵʣЩʱЩȤ 

ÿҰһض˵ҲӦЦǣΪ͵ʱҲӰ 

˵ûǣұϾѾǸСˣܲΪʱеζȻ 

ҰѾǴĺĿеġϴˣϲҵĳ̶ȴӾ硣飬Сѧеʱõʶ 

ǴֻСѧҪϳҪСʱĳ̵ȥСңΪ˲ѧϰѧУסޣ˽ڼղܻؼҡ 

Ұ֪ᣬ޲ֻ֣ĬĬԵػصҸסķﲻԲȵһֱ˯ƾĸ˵ԡĸȥȰȥʱקӲſ׵۾һֱܵܣӣʱõһȰһ䶼˵ 

һżҾͻҶ˵ 

ҾҰĻ 

ܲø粻ȥѧУɣ 

㡢ֻҪҰһСѧˡֻҪһ꣬һҰһȥѧҰĻΪԾҰڲŲǸСѧ꼶ѧٴҲһھ꼶ֱаɣ 

һڳԾΪĶһֱ͵ĸվͳ嵽ӦҰĸҰܰ쵽ҲŵһҰЭ 


һĽұͬϳС 

Ҳһ꣬Ұٴȫ˼ʶĴ 

ŲСѧ꼶ʱ䣬ͳҵͬͬѧ 

ܲ˼壬ҾȻСҰһͬΪѧԶŬ 

ᣬҰľͬԵһᣬһС 


ѧʱҰͬͬͬѧʵҰѧϰɼӦѧУνصϿβŶԡΪʹһͨϿζѧУ꼶һʦҲ㲻ٶ˵ʲᡣ 

ڵҰȫͬУҸҰֵܵ⡣ 

ǺǣȷǻԵɺϣҰˣֻѧУıֽϿ 

ҰһҿĿζȴϲҰһվ 

ΪС߾֦賤ֹ깤ѣԭһͷңڱȻǺܶ࣬һҵܵ˴ˡһֱϱռƶմմϲġ 

ǲҰͦҲãϲҡ 

ǸҰŮǼʲѵ顣 

ҰУѧСߵȫҰͲ󡣿ңڵŮǺҲںŮ˫ˡ 

Ұֳþ˧ͷԴкҪʲ᣿ 

ǺÿҰյҶվ׬ٵáҰһ£ѲĽͨˣոջ˵ˣҸҰͬһ䣬ӳеһֱǡֻӵʮ˱ڵ˶ѡʱһҰҵ̶ȣϴѧỹͬĻʷǳߡ 



5 

һѧᣬµұʰЩĽҰŮҰ顣һڻȻҲһֽӣȥӶѵţͿԹŵĿٷ⡣ 

ЩųҸҰѧУŮ⣬бУŮ 

ҸҰڵѧУһصСҰĸҪǿǻҰƴĸҲϰҪеĴţǸ룡 

Ȼڿ꼶һҰУѧϯʱõУȥѧϰʲġ꣬ҰѾ쳹У԰һĽҰŮֱˮԽԽģ 

Ұÿյ飬ǱУнˮ¥̨ȵŮƶᡢԽԽµĵȺ򣬻УŮΡ뷽跨ʾһһӲʮ⡣ 

Ϊ˵ҰּȡжĮԶԡ֪ǲ˼ѧҵǱʲطϣӲһλŮʾøйЩĽҰŮĵͬʱֲԼҰѡ 

ÿ춼յĴ飬ҰŭȴӲķЩǲ룬ǵ潻˺һŷֽ˻ΪʲᣬҶ֪Ϊʲᡣ 

ÿοҰһѵһصͷһǰǶϣȻӴϳרռЩֽ䣬СذȥʱҾͻ̲סЦ 

ʱ˵ʲᣬһۣĶ 

ַűֽϰ߼ũĺӶеģũĺӲĺ㻨ǮҪ뻨Ǯ͵øͶѼķϾɶȥվõ׬㻨Ǯķ֮һ 

֪ռȥϰߣҰǺܾĵİռЩȥǣÿŻõǮӲҪһΡҲҪ 

ÿЩ˵ı㹻ˡҵ۾˵׵Ļı飬ҸеЩơ 

ˣҪͲҪҾֵöмǮȻĸǵУǮ㹻ʹõġ 


죬ʰ޺Щᣬ˵֪Ǹõվȥһεʱ򣬱㻻·߰˽صֽᡣ 

ѧЩ£ΪѧϯҰȻȥַѧ֮û¸ɵӹ֮š 

߳ʱ˲ˣʱͣĻʺ򼸾䣬ڻеĶѹֱۿʼʱҲ߳ᡣ 


ŵʯǰʵЩͣӷڽ£෢ֱʱͻȻһҵǰһ㣬˫Űѽµֽʯ¡ 

 

Ŀɿڴؿֽʯһֱѽûзڵзɳһѵţ룬ֽʯʱɵѾʯ̳ɫ 

ԡԲҸոսһײˣҲǹģҵᣬŮعͷʱҿһཿõŮһǸĲϵسҵǸ 

ԲĺöԲ𣡡Ůεı飬Ӧĵİɡ 

¶һûϵЦݣû£ҲҲãվ·ڵ 

ŮʱŸ̧ͷңʱԵĴһ£ẰǷҰĸ磡 

ǣ硣ϰ˱Уνĳϡ 

û뵽ײ㡭ŮĴǵĵ֪ΪǷҰĸ磬Ϊҡ 

ҰѶһ£Ůֿŵܵʯϼš 

һæȥæǸóûʱЩżҪȻ˶˾ͻ۷׷׵ġ 

лл㡣Ůæڼ䣬ͻȻ˵ 

ŮٵƳһۣẦߵƿĿ⡣ 

лӦġŮϸش 

ɼŮ֮ԻẦߣŲΪϲҡ 

ľ飬ӦǰиӡȻҰǰиӡɡ֪ҰΨһĸ硣ҵĺøУҰǰһĿɽҰָͬҪǰ˵ûҰ᲻ע⵽Լ 

ţǵǴþʣûʵʵ˽Ұǲ֪Ұ޵ľͨȡĺøСΪʲһ˵أΪҰＸŮҰǰ˵ûÿεЧҰһݺݵضңȻЩŮϾ 

ΪЩŮãڣҲȡԹ۵̬׷ҰܣңҲֻΪʼ硣ˣұӲѪñөķǳŶ 

ףЩǸҰҮҪȥ 

԰ĻУŮҵĶ䣬û̫࣬ڻش𣺡ҰҪˣұȥվ 

ŮķӦЩ̧ͣͷȥʱһװκܾŷ 

ˣҲʡ 

ҸҰšɫЩŮŵػش𡣡û 

ϵĶһ٣ͻȻеЩصÿҵѹϩεĳ棬˼ҸҰȥ 

ͻȻŮ嵽ǰһеض˵һæ𣿰ҰŽҰˣ 

ǡĻɷЧ 

ˣͰһΣ 

Ůҿʼԥ 

д˺þãҶ˼ȫд˽ȥҲʲøУ١ŰֻҪͿˣ㣬㣡 

ŮɫĵͶáðɡһ߻شҳɵؽӹݸҵţҰɫ 

ĺлл㣡춴ӦˣŮŵİɫһɨ⣬õЦ 



6 

ӦŮҪԭһ˼ҸҰȥе˼ܾòΪ˼ЩʲΣŮֿҲþܾһܾһҲ˵ˣֻǸҰŶѲֻǿţҰǳĿгͿ˩ܣӦãҰɣ 


Ź֣ 

ҶصᣬѾصҰŽʱɫ񱩷ǰգֺڡ 

ΪѾˣҰİҽֶϣڴϺݺݵңͼĿڶҴж˿顣 

׺ݵĿⶢò֪ɦɦͷֱ۾ͷһСֻǿѣʱġ 

ο˭ỳǵ˭ֳҲû취£ͷԳ࣬߶֮ϵҰˡ 

㩤Ұᣬµ˿ǵͨ졣 

ΪҰ᲻ʧȥ˹һȥйߵʱͬͬѧûˡӲǰ¶ӵҰŭףޱ˭оõںܲˬԭ߽λͬѧȻſڽҲҲǡ 

λͬѧεģ˵ЩʲỺһŵգҰվϵǷžȥû׷ϣһֱĿԽֱıӰ뿪ֱʧ 

Ұһ뿪ԭվſڵλͬѧҿǲǸҰˡ˵ֻ¹ҵ£ƽܺ˵ҰŻ˸ƵأֱӲ 

ҴҸҰֻһЩСŤѣܿûˡ 

˻شǣǣĪģҸеһ˿Ұ뿪ӰʱܾҰƺ¶˾Ҫȥʲ¡ 


ҵԤˣڶ죬ҰŮѵзشУ԰ҳΪҰŮѵŮŸҰŮ 

鲻ҰҵġעĿҰһһѧУŻ⣬οǴӲĸŮкøйŮĴ£ 

Ҳ֪Ҳҩ 

ǰɣǷҰĸҮȻ֪Ůѵ£˵ңҽеļλŮͬѧĿйҰŮѵ¡ǰ֪µʵҡͷͷŮͬѧ˼ľ 

ĸûƵֻܰѱǽϲǱһЩңòײΣĿעһһش𣬡κ˽˵ҶҪ֪ 

ͷŮٿۣһµòԾ˲ӣԽԽרעĿȫʼòס 

˵ʵԭŮС鶼㵽ɪɪСɰԴҰԽԽ׷ŮԽԽ֮ᣬҵֿ͹۵뷨׷񶨡 

ڣŮǩһ׸ͰҶŮʶ˳һʾǣŮϻ 

ΪĿĲֶΣ˷Ŀɳڵǰצ׷ǰȴַ֣˫ϻ 

ΪһüֵʱǶҲǿ֪Ҳܰһæʱת䣬˳ʱһ߿ǻˣ͸ɴϴ׸ʹɡ 

ǿµϻŮˣ 

˿̣һȺͻȻݺݶҶɵǿѹ亹죬þúþãõΪǲǽʱ򣬴ͷŮſڡ 

ָͷסҵıӣңвص˵ʵ飬ҪȻߺߣ 

ߺߡ˭֪ʲᣬֱԵ̵ͷ絷֤Լס 

ǷҰŮѵûдв֣ 

Ļδ˵꣬ҵͷɵҡ 

һʼᡣ 

ǴǰȥһûüһͷŮĻŵҲҧԼͷ 

㲻Ҫ֪вµĻͱǲͬѧ棡 

뿪֮ǰŮ׸һ۹⣬ʾ³Բÿ 


ܹŵ뿪ڵϴҵǿڵϣ־յĲͷϵ亹һĵ׸ߺŮǿ£ŮǲģʲŮˣΨŮСҲ仰νʥ䣡ҵðúüס 

Ƭ̣һֱȵͬѧһͬҿһҹϵ㲻ͬѧһ̾Ϣһҵļ˵ͬзҰֵܵܡ 

Һһֻۣ˵ 

һλ°ֱҡͷǰܼܵWģڣŮˣλͬѧѾɷŵһĻг׵ĿŮ˵ıԡ 

ҾһĥѣѾٸ̧ܣ岻ᣬƨվ 

ǿǷҰ 

߽ң֪˭һкԭȴϵͬѧһӶѵ̨¥ 

ü벻ǵֱӽңͬѧǵĻֹ˽Ų 

վڷҰߵŮǸŮּ۵˶ɣ 

ǣȻ˭ҰĸŮܵһ߹ 

ţ˵Ķԡ 

Խҵҿʼˣˣ˵̨֮ᣬҲ΢΢תб¥ȥ 



7 

Ұͬ࣬æΪѧϯǰɣһ¿ͱʦȥǼ£ܹܿʮ񡣽Ҳ⣬һ¿ΣξͰе칫ңʲҲԾ֮ɣΪʱҰϱһԾ 

Ծ鿴ģĿվҰߵŮҰǸŮʱеЦݡ 

¥ϵҰע⣬ͻȻֹͣ˸ߵŮ̸¥ǵĽҰľٶһ㿪ңһǵ߾ͺĬĶϡ 

ȫԭ±飬ҰûпҺܾãܿƿߣĿٴηŵߵŮϡ 

֪ģҰҵľٶŷ·ʲἷѹһƵܡ 

ŮѻǼгڱǰҶûʲᣬֻһҵľٶܩ 

һʲ飿 

һֱϲΧԼתıܵҵĹʧ䣬һֱҵĵܵͻȻʼԼĿ飿 

ˣʲ飬ʱ䳤ˣӦ˶ǵİɣӦéɣ 

ҡҡͷԼķ˦ⲽص 


ΪʲҪǸŮ 

ʱͼҵĽҵ濴ҰһߣҾͰļ 

ҰֻһְĿŵ鱾ϣⲻĽ𣿡ƽش 

ĽָסԼͷˮطʡ 

ǸŮŽң㲻Ľ𣿡ͷҲ̧ҰȻڿƷǳʤĽ̿ϡ 

ҲûǸ˼ֻ㿴ŶѡҰ˼ҼͣҰȴҵĻ 

Թ緹𣿡ʱŰĿϵҰʡ 

ҲԾɦɦͷûСʵĻش 

һڿϰΣҰϰζȥѧᴦҸûиƽʱһѧһȥʳô򷹡ΪʣһѧļǵóԷ¡ 


һҰžһϸոտ鼮վɡ 

ǾһȥɣҲûԡ 

áβվܣһֱ߳ͼҲһ¡ 

Ұոתƻ⣡ȻָݵıӰС 

ҵĻشͼ濴ͬѧİۣҰΪȻʼ硣 


ᣬÿ£ҰԶҷ£̬ҸоŮ¸Ҫֵһᡣ 

ֱŮ¼һڣͻȻһٴȥ 

תѧˣǿӲ̬ȣҰĬ˵Ǻǣе߹ˣΪܳڡ 

ҰЦҴ㵵صһе㲻֪صҰò֪˻ᷢ𣿡 

֧ϳҰЦң֪֮ԴӦڵ· 

ڴϡ 

Ϊʲ᣿鲻ĵҰ 

Ϊʲ᣿ҰüһʵúܺЦӣΪľٶŭңΪ֪Щҩ㲻֪أΪҲ߼Ӹһ¡ 

Ұ뿪ӣҵߣҵУȻʮָ 

СϲңϰΪ 

ҵעͻȻͣµĻҾȴѻ˵ꡣ 

һְֻҵֱҵĿᣬЦ˵¾ǣûеõܹҪ˵ǰҲҵ⡣ 

Ұ۾ɫȴһ㱡ˮ⣬κιâʹҫ۶Ŀ㾧Ө͸һԵħ˭СģͻΪݡ 

ĻҲüҰ֪㻹Ǻܹ𣿡 

֣ҰЦֵӦЩһ֪ҽŮѾƽ⣬ȥĥ˼ңƵ˼ҲòתѧЩŮŶԣ 

ǣ֪ᷢµİ֪˻һȣ 

ǣҲ֪أɵһЩŮӴҰ۵ҡ 

˵˵ȥҵĴඣǣδЩˣüͷǶǸתѧŮΡ 

Ұһ֪ڵķ˫ַҵļתҵοǸŮֻתѧѣûõύҪ 

ǡûĿڵҲɰ׵һ˵ҵ鵽Ǻ˲١ 

ǸŮǸŮģѵ֪˼ҵ֣һɣұ 

ҵĻҰֱʵǳŪһЦ 

ǰɣĲ֪֣Ұ۾ɵŵظߺ˵Ҳ˼ҽòã 

ҵľҰ˼ţ֪ĸ࣬ΪʱҵдҲУûע⣬ʱмǹûҾˡ 

찡Ұļԣ 

һۣصԼĴϡ 



8 

ʱ䣬еҰΰѼһţҰڵĵܵܣ͸ʾҵɢÿÿΪѧϵĹѧϰæתʱС˵ڴǲҹʣʱ⡣ 

ͬգϢʱ䣬ҰȵڴϿ飬ΪӹЦʱĳеĶʱ֪ʱصҰˢسеӵһߡ 

һĻ˵ڵҺܲ鿴ζʱӲϡ 

ûлشҰֻǰڻеһѵ鼮ڷҵĴϡ 

ʲ᣿ҵɢҴϵʲᡰ#####Ӣ##ȵȴĿϰ飬Եʡ 

Ұڴ࣬Һһ˵㲻Ѿ߶˰ɣ 

ǵȻᣡٱҲ᱿Լĸ꼶¶֪ 

ԣΪһῼѧ׼ھӦÿʼúö鰡 

Ұ˵Ȼȴһէһէģѧ 

ǰҰᣬбңҪûѧ£ 

ȻȻֻǡ롱ѣ 

ûʵжǿɲСҰƺҵ˼һЦһϰΪĳɹھͿʼŬɡʲ᲻ĵطңһᾡսġһͬһѧһЩɡ 

ͬһѧƳһۡû뵽ǶˣҰϲҡ 

Ұ㿼ѧҷŪϰᣬǿһĹʽͷ۵ʵ 

Ұƽ˵һ֣ȴѸոճȥķȫ³ඣ 

ûЦɣص 

ҿϣҰ鲻ĵطʡ 

ҡͷǾԿϵģҩܿϣЦˣѧȫѧҮÿֻʮѧѧУҲֻѡҰÿ˶õѡһ˵ȻֻѧУɼõѧɶѧУץһѣʮоŸ˳ɼҺã 

ҰüܲԱУϵûоԣ㲻Ŭһ֪вУ 

Ҳ֪ʲԲԣֻ֪ŬҲܿѧУģܸе֪֮㣬һ׵ġ 

ƣյĽң֤ҰѾʼˣ㲻ҪԽòãûͿʼˣ 

Ҿ˫ͶúúãŬһ̿ѧϰҰӦҵܹϴѧѾܲˡ 

һҰˣһҪԷƱ𣿡 

ԷƱԼʵҲʺϾҰҺĸҰ㣬Ϊҡ 

ҺþãҰƿĿ⣬תҿһߡ 

֪ˡһ˼ͻȻĿʲᣬƽ÷·ʲᶼûؿһ飬ɲǼ·֪Ұʲ 

ҰߣңҰ㣬ңҪʲ¶ҪһɲСȥ飬ΪҷһĲġ 

ңҰͻչЦˣСһҵ˵İɣһȫİ취ģ 

ҲȫҺɵѶҴϵᣬõȥˡ 

Ұû˵ʲᣬʼ磬Ҳ𷽲űҰһߵС˵ 

ոҿĶˣˣսһĻ 

ҼС˵ﾪĶǵһĻĻʱȴ룬ҰѾڲ߻ҾĶǵ顣 


һʱѣգ۾͹ˡ 

һϸͬѧӰ죬һɢҲòúѧϰҲ֪ǲϴ̸Ӱ죬Ұٶѧϰпǻ߿ϸҪˡϸҪ󲻴ȫңͬΪǻհҲϰΡ 

ò׶ɹѹȵһ꣬·սսΪһѧҵܽᣬǿϲشͷʱ 

ҰĿȫѧΪϵĿڵصѧһ֪Ϣֺ˵ˡ 

õ¼ȡ֪ͨ죬ĸ˴һƱˣʮŹףĿȻҰһһȥ̸ÿһǸطͼˡĳνһĴѵһġҲѹִ˻ᾴҰȻԴҲ˲ٴѧͷһĴѧҰͷһ˶ԵΪҰеˣһЩϳ˷ܵÿ˳ 

˾ͻȾƣȾ˾ͻ˵ĩΣ֪˭ͻȻѻ˴ϣ˴㲻ҪҰϣ˴֪ҰĳɾͻʲᷴӦ 

һӰţҵĿȫƵޱĬĬԵҰϡһƽҸеӦѹȥοҰĸס͹һʱĸ׼һЩİ׾ƣ⣬ĵߵҰߣļ򣬶Դ˵Ұɫһ˴Ŀõģȫҷҽģشʲ¶ҰѧֶƾʲҰĸסҲ֪ʲ£Եһ¾ǰҰǷңҪҰһѾҰȫûйϵˣҰǷҵˣҪˣҰӻȥˣУ̤ҵʬҵ߹ȥҰߣ 

һһֱĻ˵꣬ûüҵķӦܵȥˡ 

ģ׾Ƶᾢǿˣһһ߽еء 

ͻȻһĴһͷȥǱҹһһľȴ춼Ұ 

֪˭ᣬҽͷ©湻ܵģͷͣһҷڣҪѶĳӶˡ 

ȫ¶ܣƺܵӰ죬ΪͻȻ˭Ҷ˵İɣƣߣҲᵽκһطȥ 



9 

һûתͷҰҵĿ⣬ҰĨЦݡ 

ˣһֱҡ 

ûѸոĻɴתͷ¶΢ͻᵼ¾ҵͷʹ 

Ҳ£ҰұϵıḧùЩ𣿡 

šɬƵػشĬʣҰҸո˵Щ᲻ܶ 

ǽֵ˵ǰУڣߵҸضȥ˭֪ҿԣױ˺ӵˡҽȻȻ 

öҰЩҾúԺΪΪҳ 

ǵȻ˵ҵԺȻ 

νּһͱüһҵθһᣬˡ 

òףҲٴƽµƣֻŶϿҰſſϢ 

ӭ洵磬ķҷ֦Ҷҡҵ죬нǵܷѾµ壬ֻмƵƹǱԲȴʱ򣬱ʲᶼůļңס䰮ˣҲȥں˭ӵеĸֻ࣬Ҫӵӵеľ㹻ˡ 


ķΧУҿʼ˯һֱĬĬʱסҵļ磬Ϊҵȥʼҹ硣 

ҪҪһ£ʵĻľٶļⷣ˯ 

ҪҼԣŲҪԸأ 

㡭 

ҪȥҰůĻңе 

ڣҰǻɵ𣬡Ѿ˩˵ߵö᣿ҡҡӡ 

㱳ȥչ˫ۣıϽסһȥҲȥˣ 

΢УƺҰõЦ˫ֽմҵƨϣվඣҪ·ˣһᣬҰſʼ뿪ԭĵط 
 

ؿҰǺܿȴʵıϣ͡ 

ҰͷһαңұĴȴˣֻǸʱҰССģ·һͷɵ˶Ǹʱҿˡˣĵ·ŢҲҰ۵ĽѾմ϶ĵͣ㲻ķԱصҡͬǵɽȥܣССҰҲǱһ·ˮǳˣұСضɹȥڣССҰˣΪ˧СǸǰɱ۰Сⷣһ˫Ĵ۾ߵС㣬ܹױĵܵˡ 

ڵܹ׵ıңܹԼԶԶĵط飬ڲãҲ᲻ңΪҲ֪ĵطҵĹ 


˯ˣƽȵ̤ڴСϣҰ𣬾Լ䰮ı 

ûſϵػش 

ʲ᣿ 

룬ʲʱˣҵһ˿ȷЩʧȥʲį 

ǺǩҰҵĻЦſϵңԸеﴫģЦ 

ҰܴѧҵϣΪ˴ϡ׾ܿе˼룬Ȼʺϵķʽ˼ʹϵڽϣ˵ĸо룬ʲᶼǡô 

춼ˣңٱֵ裬ܶʱ򣬱Լ˼ֱԲ˵ 

ڣİɣ᳤ҶǷҵˣĶҲȥҲŲ뿴ĳ˱ʬ˲ȣ 

ûлش֪ĻЦúϲ£졣 

ĺϧܵܣͻȻ뿪ͻȻͻȻʧҵߡ 

ʱ䣬ֹ˶ãûȥ㣬ֱҰͣ½ŲĿĵصʱҲŴı̧ͷҹĻ£ͦƮݵĴ 

£ҷ·ֿǸɪɪСк£ҸССƤĴּѶ£ѾСкӵǿǣ۾ 

£ҸҰþòҶɳɳԵĻͯ£ֱĵĸ 


ҵΣҴ㵵صɴ۶Ұ 

ԡҰصͷҵΡ 

˭ȥʡ 

Ҹ㡣Ұֱָָָ˴ˡ 

Ϊʲ᣿ҽʡ 

ΪǴûеȥΪǵһηֿãΪҺпһܻһΩԣֻҪʹ죬ѷֿȫҰһͼƻˣ˵óֿپ֪ˡ 

ǿϴѧһᣬһʡ¡糿ᣬ֦ܵµݵĿòС˵Ұĸ׸ɼ 

ûܳˣ˳ĸײæ˳ɡ 

ߣûһֱҶ߶߶һ߿飬һ߰Ļ߷磬ģʽֱ˵ͣΪֹû뵽ͻȻðġҵΡһȫû˿顣 

ǣҪȥǮȥҵҪһ㡣ҵԼ£ʸĸҪǮǿɲС 

Ұһ۾ʱУƵض˵ղ˵һ㶼û 

ЩëɦɦԴһ±Ρ 

Ұ죬Ұ˼磬һ޿κΣˣظһΣ̧ͷвٰҵĻ߷磬ͱҰЩС˵ȫ¯ȥ 

ҸϽסϵС˵ƳϿҵ֤һϴ֤Ļһ©䣬ԶΪʥּ 

ҵĻҰЦԷǵҡ 



10 

ˣǮҴߴ 

ɫҰŻش𣺡ҲǴСѹǮѧʱĽѧ𣬱ЩǮѾ㹻ˡϴεʱһЩģǻȥԶһЩĵط 

šҵͷʣʲʱȥȥãȥ𣿡 

ûУȵͬҪҪȥһһƻ 

һˡҪȥĵطѵҰֳǮٺ٣ҵ뷨ӰƭζҪȥĵطУҰƭпһӾͿҵĻԡ 

ƣȻģѡһȥĵطɣȥȥҿ˼ʲ᷽ƭҰʱҰܿϵĻҸ˵õɴۡ 

𣿡ȷ 

ġҰͷ 

찡˷ܵСᣬҶе飬ȥҰ˸ 

ҰҰˣҰĻҽУ˷ܵԱ 


һᣬڸĸͬǰ£׼һЩᣬǳǰĵطջɽ 

ǵгڣʱҰĴĿģڣ㹻ǰѻɽľˡ 

ȥӥ̶³Ȼӥ̶תɽС 

ȻɽʱѾҹסʮֵıլĽ硣ˬܸɾΪ˱λɽ΢ЩϴǱϢˡ 

ڶһ磬Ǳֱɽɽλɽһ㶼ɽǰɽ£רɽڡ 

ǵɽ죬֪ǲ칫Ȼ졣ȻµĻɽһζԡڰеĻɽûɽڣҾѾ˷ܲѵſڳ̰Ŀǰɽ 

ʱҼĵȴ±³ʱվڵɽµȶˣԼȻǵĻɽ 

ҵļһֱƽҰγɶԱȣҪǴӼڴгϵһУ˼ȫڻɽϵҲ֪;˶ٲ 

ҲǣҰȥƱͼƻҪͽɽΪֻܰѻɽ۵ףοǶˣ» 

ƹ³ԼҪСʱŵ׶룬Ѿﶩ˷䣬ֻҪٲһЩͿסˡҲǺܹ󣬸οҲסԻӦù 

ֻ΢Ϣϰʱ仨ϢϵҺܿҰϻɽľ֮һͤ 

ûͤģǽͤӼˣѾ氮֮ϵͬġֻĸȤ㿴һͼǰߣͻȻعͷŷҰĿרעһһѵͬ 

ܻȥͤķȥҰ˵ܸϿ䣡 

ϳʱȻ죬ʱѾա 

Ҽȥ䡣 


춵ͤʱΪǰ̾ 

ǰǻɽеƺûȥطҲʲԱȡ˵ɽƺ԰硢仯һȻˡ 

ҸϵʱеɽԱƲ㸲ǣɫƺʱٲ뺣׳ʱͬڴ£ʱ߸ֲʱƤ¶ɽ壬ܿȥСֻ㿴һ֦һִ󷽵ıɴΧɽ壬ÿɽľյĻԻ¡ 

ңοͶΪۼ̾ѡ 

ɽɽʱ˾ҲɵʱĴʡûȥκһ֪ɽһڲͬġ 

֪˶ãҲǺܾãһֱվҰߵߣǣҵֻ֡ǿһֻۣͷȾɺɫϦµһжȾɺɫľ¡ 

ǻɽȥһطҶȥ 

һҲҪʧʱҰҶ߼ᶨ˵ 

ֻһЦЦףܹӵҰĳŵˣҡ 


ϻص磬ԹᣬҲž۵ÿԣڼҲɽȥģɽûлɽվһһɽ· 

ԹҾſڴҲȥϴˡҰҲһɽ·Ϊʲһ¶ûأ 

ƣոϴˬڴȥأ 

ƣˣȥϴ衣ſڴһߴٵ 

ˣҶˣۡȣǲ´ 

ᣬһˣҰɵؿң12أ죿 

ҰͷͷŻشǵûϵϢһڶҾˡ 

ǾͺáҰ˲١ 

ˣƣһҶĻȥȥĵطɲѡڻɽط棿 

ɻ̧ͷҰҲȥĵطɽҵ⣬ҰֻǸͣû뵽Ҳȥĵط 

ǵȻҰȻĻشҡ 



11 

ҿƬ̣ͷصصͷϣ԰Ҵ󷽵Ļش˵ҰǮҪһ㶼֡˵ҰȥĶڻɽûΥʱĳԣҸûʲ÷Եġ 

ҰʱüЦ̫ˣ 

ҰķӦҸе֣˵ⶼС°ˣ޿䡣 

һ룬һֱضûҰ֪֮Ұ񴻽ЩʱԴļѾڣֻĸڴ̼ҴʱԴӡǸʱĴ㲣ݿݻƣĿ⻹˿˿ԹޡǿԿ˵ò񶾵£չֵͳħԵΪ˷ġ 

ҰȻȴҼ֪ǲΪҰĹϵҰûģ˷ݼͣ͡ᣬûдĲɣԹ˷ˬ 

ƣȥϴˡɽһĺϴĻճֳ˯ģ֪ʱߵҰͼ 

˵öԣ˯ȥ˯þӰ壬ҲûкλɽˡҰ˴ȻƵԡ 

ϴȥһϴ·ԡҵǰҰ˵ 

áһ·һػش 

Ҹ·Ұ͵ذԡҵŹˣƳһ۽յſڣҰŸҲǹӶСʱһϴĴ᣿Էм֪һˡ 

ˣ˩ţȽ֪ҰҪʲطȥأ޵Ŀ⣬ҪȥĵطһرɣţЩڴ 


ҵļƻڶڱճ֮λþϿȡƾͲŵġӦҰ֮ᣬڶ·߾ȫҰˡ 

һʼһǺڴҰҪȥʲĵط 

Ұ㵽ҪȥﰡһֱǰͷҰǲͣŲƫƧɽȥ̲סʵ 

תͷһ۱ͷҰһ䣺߾֪ˡ 

գֻεؼϡ 

ɽɽܶͣҸҰԽɽԽ̵ᡣվͷٲ²Ұ˼îɽȻҰһֱĬǰͷ·ĵĻعͷҵĿϣÿʱҶͶһҲûе΢Ц˵Ծǰͷ 
 


۵ÿſµʱǰͷҰ춲ǰͣ£ҵķȥ·ʲᶫִ̾ĿҲȫƣӿ첽嵽ߡ 

Ѿ֪һˣ֮𺳣 

ָҲǰһ̾ 

ֻֻ˵˼ϵƻֺرµӳ 

ǻɽľ֮һҵ֮УҰƮϵУͺ뾰г 

֮ǰһλϲ˵ѾλãҾ˵·ˡû뵽ԣƯأԴӵɽټҰ¶ޣ˷п֪ǰľɫж 

ΰ桢աΪɫ塢ʯ롢̨ɡһɳɣȻվĵطǡǡ԰Щ¾۵ףΪϣƻǺܺĵɽţԲȥԾ㡣 

ĺƯ̾ѵһ 

Ұ״Ҳ 

Ұʲʱ֪طģҰһҾҸһֱһģʲʱ֪ȴһҲ֪ 

ҰЦЦڻϡ 

ף 

ʱ۵ſ˯ˡ 

Ŷ 

㻹ǵǶλϲǰˣɽܶΡʱҸ죬ĵҪȥɽܸϲĵúɣΪʥظңһҪ΢ЦҰǰľɫߵҡ 

Ȼʹˣˡ 

ϲ˵Ұûлشң˶ᣬ˵˵ʥػǸ󰮵ʥءӴ驤 

ͬˣѿڶϾ;öͷϻͬΪϲӰ 

š֪ЩʲҰûʶ£˵ͷĿԶϲ˵మʱм˺ܶĥѣͿҪֲȥʱطط˵Ǿɫ̫ĺమҲпǻɽеλɿһʱͻȻ˵ǽɩЦͷˡȻ겻ĳŵ 

ø˵Ĺ¡Ҹе۾Щʪ󣬡ȻĵطӦİ顣 

ҲãҵĻһ˵꣬Ұ˷ܲѵؿңָ˵Ŀơ 

ҰʲᰡҲ 

ҰûлشֻЦضҡ 

ҰᶢȫʼëǶϵСᡭ 

ٿأҰץסҵ˫磬ЦݣĶ˵ƣҲһõİɣ 



12 

԰һش𣬡õ˱˴ᣬǴС 

ҵĻҰܵһһȥ 

Ұصͷ뿴ȴͻȻ̧ͷǵͷһײϡ 

ҰҰµһңҸеذͷơ 

쵽ҵӱܣҰͻְҵԲƶ 

Ұ㵽׸ɡҵĻδ˵꣬Ұ˧һзŴȻᣬһůĶҵϡ 

ҵԺһƬհף۾ֻܴضǰ˫ڵ÷ͫ 

ҸеһʪĶ˿ҽյ˫ֵǻСᴥûз˼㿪ʼҵ£ҵͷơ 

⡢⡢⩤ҵĴԿʼٵתͼΪҵǡĴݣգһʶҵԺǣ 

ۣұŵòᣬ͵ذѾƿŵöѵָסеҰ 

㰡ƵһߵҰᣬһȻ·ոΪ쾭ģ 

Сӣұν̬õһֵܣΪ㣵µģ 

ûѪԴϵҰҲ룬˦仰 

ҶʱƿڣֽӵǶˣǲϳģ 

ҲںҰܿش 

ںҵĻӶϡ 

ҰʼĬֻһصơ 

ʱҲʱ俪ʼúԼһ߶ǰҰֹʲľٶһѷŵһ顣 

ۺҰղŵĻǰľٶãҰڲ߻ˣмԿߣһԭλɽһھʹ´ˣҰƫƫҪڣһֶʱҪڡڶͬгƿʱǸ˵ı驤ǷǼƵóѵļЦһû뵽 

ʲʱʼ߻µģҲûãҾԼ֤ʵ 

Ұʼ磬ܿش𣺡Ǹ߶һͬһѧܾͿʼˡ 

ͻȻʲᶫUһ˩ǣˣ 

ǰûҽӲı飬Ұ鲻ģش𣬡ʱҾ˵ҪҸȫİ취 

ȫİ졢취ʲᶼ룬ֻŵ˵ոյĆUһǷӦùȶ˰ɣ 

ԡҪȥԶĵط飬Ȼңһܻܲһζ˵׼᳤ʱҶߣҪ㱻죿ԣ㱻֮ǰΪҵģԽ˵ıԽ棬ỹú̵ĿⶢҲš 

ҵȫ˼Ƥȴ񾭴ûע⵽еΣգɵʲұ߰˭֣Ҷĸ粻𣿡 

Ұһ˪ӵģε찡ҶѾֵزˣ㶼ܾ쵽ҵ𣿣 


ף⣿ҲԵķʣⲻ֪ҰһɣȻ˹ 

ץסҵ˫磬һҡҵ壬һ߳޿̵شģҶѾֵԲˣȻᣡҪ֪㱾᱿һΪǴĵģˣҲʲֱ˵ĸ˵ϲ㣡ҷҰϲƣӵһμ㿪ʼѾϲ 

Ҳϲ㰡ŭҰ 

һҵĻʱһ£۾ʼ⣬ɲƬ̣ʲƵٿ۾ҵ½ңϲΪܵܣ 

ϲѵΪ磿ɵؼʡ 

ҿҰڳ鴤 

ҰͻȻ״һͻϵ˫ۡ 

һ̣Է˼ٶȿסҵ˫ѹᣬ׳յ˵ֵزܸе鲻ԾˣҵȻҰڲĿʼ 

ҰҰһѾסжҰһ״ 

ж֤ҵ⡣ҪӦҼҰĻش 

⣡˵ʲᰡѲ֪ǲֳƽ⣬ΪܵܵбƵѻҷ޷޵غǸû̸ͬһ⣬¾ǲԣ̧̧Ѿϵס˫֡ 

е㲻ԡҰұס˫֣ȷùι̡ǣѾĴˣҪҶ㵽һ飬ֻжֱӵķʽ֤ 

ȻᣬһƬãȻĿҰӱóҰͲʱõİ׽˿յϩҰԶֻ롣 

̺ᣬҰ߹ǰһᣬ͵ذұ 

ҰһҷԵ̧ͷÿ΢üͷ 

ţеٹһ꣬Ӧܹɱ˰ɣڶ˵ϸ 

ܲܰұһҲҪҰһ˼ıͷ 

˭˵ҪҰ߱߻شңҿҪֹһεİ㱧ϴأһ˵꣬Ҳñŵ˸ոϵİ׽ϡ 

һüĻ˼һҵע⣺ҰҲȡҰڽ⿪·ϵť۵֣Һʵ 

ҰһζüϵĶͣ˵ҵҪ񾭴ֵʲزˣ㷢Ҫʲᡣ 



13 

ҪܾãҾͳ˽Ұʲᡣʵ֮ǰѾڤڤʶˣֻһٵĸԼǲܶѡ 

ƲûѪԵϵ̸ǶͬΪԩҰϲңͼռеϲ 

Ŭ鵼һߣҰذȫı䷽򣬱ʵ 

ҵµһСεգѾ̹εҰֲõǰ¹ĵط΢ʪ⡣ 

ҰǲԵġտգ˵ֻڸҰ彥ȵԼ 

Ұ̧ͷ۾ңᶨصûдԣֻѡƣҲΪˣ֮ǰȻȻ޷˾Ϊֵ 

˵˵ִҵϻᣬϸеĲλϣȵƸϵĲλڿʼ̣ҰҾʧصӲ֪ǲΪ¶΢΢ 

ƺ쵽ҵĽţҰ̧֣һûüɳһһסҵ򥣬סҵٴҵĴ 

ĺ촽Ϯ֮ǰͼȴֹյĴ˿̽ͷǿӲҼͷǿֵܿ࣬ԱľȡŪ 

Ұֺǿңÿһ̵ľ޿ӣ԰ܱԣмɵУɥꩤֱͻһʲ类˵ͷ±ˮ 

Ҽֿҧסҿǻо࣬ȻѸ˿һǳһ˿Ѫȡ 

ҴɫɭˣĵĿõĴһѪ˿Ҳ˺Ҳõܹȴİ취 

ĨȥǵѪ˿ҿԽԽأ۾Ҳе£Իһ˿ΣˣҰҪټȥˡ 

ֹͣˣҵһ̿ʼѾֹͣˡҰסҲ˵ӣѹҵϡ 

̶ҵͷ­Ӳֱеļӣһ᲻ֹ׷ֱ޿ӣһ㣬塣 


ҳųҲĵҰķͬһУֻǵıҰǿӲ̬ǣƣЩã֮ҳٷĬĬϵΪΪ 

ҰӲѾ˫ȼʱҾ̲ص£߲СƳȼĹŵٿ˫ۣٿ 

ͬԲҰϲ᣿ 

˫ۣܸҰϵÿһǡůִҵǰβһ벻ĵطһ̵̻ҧס´ۣ˵ΪԼϵ鶼Ρ 

ҰָͻȻֻйĵطرܣ˳ԾֵĲʡҰָͷܿͳ˳ȥûſۣȴһ 

˵ͬమ£һֱ֪ᴦԼءոҰľٶȻҾ£ȴѹΪʲ 

ֽɬõ㶫Ļ˵ġ˼䣬Ұ૰ĻȻ 

áܡˣ 


Ұƿѹϵ壬ɻſۣӳıͷͳҩһĶ 

һ̧ͷͶ۾漴Ц׼ӷˡٶеĶҿøɣ󻬼㲻ܵĶ 

ҰЦ˻ģҲҵֱҽ²ѣ֪ûãһʶؿʼ˰˩ܹԶҰİ취Ҷһԡ 

һ̣Ұȫҵһϣٴҵ塣 


Ұұѹס̶жֻؿＷһĶͿֵʳָָ 

Ȼᣬλã˫żסҵһȣְҵһֻ̧ߩҰ޿̵ı۴𡣹컯֮£Լû˽ȻڱЩۣˣ 

ͻȻ۵ҸеǰһҰЩȴҶţĵطǵȻҪõ¡ңɽԼѡŶĵط©ȫأ 

ȫͷ۵һ̣Ұָٴҵ塣 

֪ǲĨҰ˵󻬼ԭĽ벢ûϴεĽȣ˳ҾЩҵʲأҵܵΪأľȻУ 

Ȼ˵ûûһһᱩ飬Ұָܹת¶ЦΪص֭Һ󻬣ҪʹطĻЩ󻬼ܵ˺ù١ 

顢˵ġҸеҵڳ鴤ҰƽڿЩʲ鰡ۣ 

һҰһָֻ 

Ϊ˲ܣӦһ¡ 

ڶµĻҳ鶯˵˵ģҪ˵ǣؼҵһ¾ǰȫˣ 

ǳʶҰܿشĻϵĶˡ 

ָתƶ֪ȶůҰָָңҸеɱĲλʼɢȫ 

ʶҰţ˫Ҳʼ΢΢ЩܣִʩУҷ·ڴʲᡣ 

ܵҵҰճֽסҵҵĲ˱ܸоѹʲᡣģƴģסʹˣסƤˡ 

Ұκεĺνʶڴ 

ڻشһҰͻȻָͻȻĿܵĲ۵͵ͽ 

ʼģ߿úܿٶ·⿪ƤǴִţҲⲻӣǺִ˻ĵСģģʶУ뷨ҵĽů 

Ұ⿪Ƥ¿ӣѾǵʱҾܻᷢ¡ 

Ұµ̧ͷֻܿҰϮӡ 

ҰӣϾͱ˻ȥſ˫ȣҰҪ 

ҵȫûãһ룬Ұͦҵ 

Ұ 



14 

ΪΣ˯ѣſ۾ͻһС 

ȴʵ۾ſտգԼϵҰ 

˫Ѿõɣȴƣ̧ûУȫȵܣڹΪд졣Ҳˮǣ豾صƤصĸ 

˺ĥȫûֻ֪ľļҰ۾ҰӰȷУֻܿڵֹ 

ҰͻȻͦһϵһκ˵εҵϣգգۣͬʱһӿҵ塣 

Ѿе˼Ϊȩ⻹ڡܵս˫ȣȴܵء͵ķһʣŬ۾ҵ˫ȲǺϵˡ 

š֮֡ǰΪкƺɤӣɳĵ 

СҰԭˬʵ˿ĥɳһҰƣһ¡ 

ʲᡭδ֪ҰԾڵֿʼӲΪ㵡 

ҪˡġѾΣԼҲȽ˼Σƣ˰ȥһѿĻ赹 

ӦҵģҰ΢΢Цаݣδ⸱аЦݣҾͱѳƷһͻĴ̼ұͷ̵Ϊȡ 

һ̣ʪܵʪȴᱳˮ֮еƤĦһĸд󣬾ѾȫͣοԽӴҡ 

ûиоҵ仯ҰʵҵǰҵľҵĴϣĦƬ᳤ֱ֮롣 

ǻһбǿӲŪֹǿڱڣͷ󵽷飬ֲʵĿˮָεɫĳϣšܵҪȴȵѹҵ壬ֵ³ͷĶ䡣 

µĲλֱӵĸоԣǶ΢΢˺⡣ұǿ˫Ҳ֧壬ͻصڵϣҰһֱסҵҲ֮ѹҲø 

ȫȵò˼飬ȴȫҲ취õѣֻʶµĲԽԽģһз·𶼱һɴΨһܹģһ˵ŪҿǻָҶ¸ΪĴ࡭ 

̧ͷӿ͵Ŀ̣ȴѹƣͷһҵٴһָ 

ӣ֪𣿡ѾʶģԺУҰȴҿʧȥκζΨ㣬Ҳܷ 

ϣһʵңⱲҲ㰮κˡҵİǶռרȫȫ 

 

͵رʲһ£۩ 

ҰͻȻһֱŪҿǻָҵͷЩ΢Ĵ 

Ƭ̣س࣬ȴδʪĴһ¡ʲʲ᣿δ˵ʲᣬѾԽӲͦľѾܿƵĳ鶯 

һΣѾҧסֻܷͣ߳ܵҰһһǳһһݳ 

УСǷ·εҴס졣СҰܿͿҵ뷨һ߸ͦҵڣһ߿ճסҵֱۣҪ 

ҪҰ㡭·߸Ԩе屾ܵϼҵɣǻҪһ 

ѾеĶħĵĿ֣ѾģͻȻӡҰŨҵЦÿֱ۴ѹƵʹУΪѾＫ޵룬Բ˼ȸġĽ멤ռݵóף޴ֻܳܡ 

ңңֻңΨҩ֪ᣬҰˡ 

ܲסȵĴ̼ǰҰҵԺ 


ſ۾ҰѾߵɽ¡ 

ˣҲ΢΢Ұ㾯ʵ 

ûлشֻǰ۾ѾɽֻʣһϦ岻ɬʹһңұԼĵܵǿ鲻ҵΡ 

ûǿһشҰֻĬķȥ 

Ǿһֱԣ֮ᣬҰͣ˽Ųǰ»ǰȥһλ֮ᣬҰ£סҵ˫֣ȷûֱ֮Ӽ 

СִΪұͷһᣬ֮ᣬһˮҵεҰůıϡ 

·գ֪ҽǽ̮ˡ 



15 

صᣬһ벡ʹԵҷˡⳡòͻȻҰҵĴ飬Ҫʲ¶ûв֡ 

ⳡյúȫܶ۾ȵƵģʹѺʶֻģģĸоһֱиϤչңСĵιҳҩεظͷϵʪҺ̵ʱʱķϣˮ岻ͣðȺܣߵ˱ʪëһһΪҲ壬ʵ·еҵõõչˡ 

˭˵е˵ҲУʱ˭İԼˣǺ׵ؾܸоԾĳˡ 

һϣչҵҰҲϣ֪Ҳܹ֪һֱеܵܵѾ 

ûĸܻܵԸǿ飬Ҳûĸܼܵʹڸ粡أ϶˵Ұ㡣 

㣬ûѪԵϵ 


ڶͷЩ򣬵Ѿöˡûлʱ䣬ұ㿴ſҴߴ˯Ұ˯ˣֶסҵ֣е㺢İԵȴһʱ֮䲻֪ƿԭߡ 

һ̣ҵĶͷͣƬ֮ᣬһãȫˡ 

ʲᣬҰȥ򣬳ٳһҩϢһĲȫˡҶϵƿᣬִûлش𣬷һרע춷ĳ 

ͻȻҰ᲻˵˵ʱӰٿسҵǰ 

ƿߵʱ䶼ûУҵҰ˫סҲӿֱֱڵ÷ۣﵹӰҲ԰׵ 

Ҳ£Ǽ֮ҵ̬ȡҵҰ侲ض˵侲ƺѾĵ˵ϰٴΡ˵ֻУһңҪòܵҶԸȴΪǿô¿ĵһۣҾѾ㡣ѾȺ˰꣬Ҳٻʱ䡣 

ҰһǿƣǿӲ£һΪҲһҺм֮ԹߣҲû˵Ҵ۾ڴϡ 

ơһͻҰϢѾҵǰһһ̣ҡ 

ƿػסҵǡҰľ룬Ͼͱأ̵ϵĴ䡣 

ܰʲ¶Լ˼˵뷨ҪƣҲҪռݡǣǶû 

ΪʲΪʲҵһԭΪʲһᰮǲΪ֪ҵĵףռ˺غصλãҪҿʼںԼ 

Ұ٣Եıס鲻ԽӭвϾࡣ 

ϲҵϣҰסң÷ֿԸֿ 

۾ģߣֻʵĿҰڹâ΢΢䣬ͻȻͣſڴ̼ҵͷϿɪɪ̽ͷŲ԰׾µ˺á 

˭Ȱ˭һء 


صӣϲĸĸûп֮һǳεֻʵʱӦͱĬˡиĸʵⶼҰشġҲǲش𣬶ǲ֪شѲҶҵĸĸ˵ȥɽڳͷ뿪ʵʵɽ⣬ʱ򶼱Ұ汧׵Ϸ 

Ұ˵Ϊ˲Ҹе죬߸ĸѾֵת˵¡ 

ҰȻֺʵÿһ⣬ܹĻشûǲκλɡ 

죬һĸҰĽ̸ܶʱҰĺӶҪദǢ 

ӻɽᣬҰֻ˵ʱᱧס׸ͣ⣬ǰǵĹϵǰһȫû䡣 

ҲûжʱȫӦѧӾѾ 

ΪҰҪȥԶ飬ǰȥѧУ뿪ǰһϣηԣԸĸڸڵɾܾҰǿӲҪҡ˵ʲᶼټ棬˵ҼȻ°Ͱͷ˵껹 

ڶ죬ҵ屻浽𴲣֪İԸ˯ҲԸ͵ܵȥվҰǰſڴԹ޵ص뿪¶һЦᣬƨˣ 

Ұ쵰Ұȹˣ㣡 

ùǺȴֻĵ׳һʱ֮¡ 

ҰŵԽԽԶҵĽͿգǰҰһֱߣѾϰߵӦ뿪Ŀ顣 


һ갡 

ϵɬ˸Ұڶһһ˵˵һһΣҲϲϱˣҪȻܻǸ˸ߡ 

ʲҪϲϱأ庬Ĵ̣˵ǲԹǸעĿˣǸģбȴׯٱ˵ĶһУ֪᲻˭ġҿԲϲϱˣأӴ뿪ڻ 

һ̣ìܷǳϣתĿ갮ϱˣ㲻ý㣵µĹϵĵļ尾ϣֻԼһһ뵽пܻᰮϱˣľʹ·˺ѡ 

֪ҰԼҪʲʱѾ˵ 

Ҳܻᰮϱ˵ġҵìܣҵʹ࣬ȫıУҰֻ㡣 

ֻ沨ĸİв塣 

һ̣š 



16 

һᣬҿʼҵĴѧġ 

ȻҰңԶأִͨѶȴǺ׵رܹϡĿǰ㷺ʹõͨѶ֮һĵ绰ҰѧУĵһʹõˣ˵绰ҺͰĵ绰롣ҸյͶĴѧûŪѧУʱҰ绰ҵᣬ缴ʱͨѶߵĺ롣 

ֻ֪趼ߡڵ绰Լ˸ʱ䣬ܵѧУĺ룬ĺ룬ܿıظˣû䣬ͻȻ˵ 

Ϊʲ᣿ҴûҰ죬һЩʱ䣬ĪģͻȻԺﹴճڵǰԵЩͷȴһظӡ 

ʲ᣿Ļظ˵һžһӳˣа費ܷѧУͬѧڲܹҲŲҪ϶˴̸˵ 

磡Ļӵֱҵ壬ȫѪҺܵ沿ͨ죬巢ü̵ûС 

֪Ԥ֪ҵķӦǸںҵĻظϣҰĻظƵɣ뿴㡣 

Ťͷ˲࣬򿪵ĵԶװͷʾǰŮŮȻһͷĲ֪ʿ 

ҪװͷĻ̨һˡ˿տҲʾͻȻ뿪ǰܶ˵Ļλɬڼһ֣ûͷ 

һŵʡԺŴһ˵˵ĲԣһҸͷɣ̾˵ļ 

ĵףҳͷҵɣҵ˷ԼҲܵҰȫû顣 

ңڻҰҪˣѧУҪϿˡ 

϶ԷҶʾ̵ЦʲϿΣѧҪʽϿΡ 

Ұһԣ´ʲʱпգ仰ʱƺܼҧгһһֵģ 

˵׼ҿʼȻ֣֪ģѧһѵ飬ѧ񰡣ϤУ԰ʲġ 

Ǻãǵ绰磬ʲʱпʲʱǵã´һҪҸͷɣ 

áӦˡ 

š 

ʲʱ£ 

Ҿ¡ 

ûٶ˵ʲᣬһټı飬ҹ˼ʱͨѶߣҲ˵ԡ 

ֱѾڣΪҵĵܵܿʼͷһη᳤ֿʱ䣬˵Ǽٵģ֮Ծܾ¸ 

Ĺ˵ԣһݿ飬ҸǮ뿪ɡ 


֮ᣬĵ绰Ϊ·Ҫޣܼʹáڼ䣬ΪæϤУ԰ѧҵʶѧ԰ΪٰһδλԣһֱûиҰ绰㵽ʱ俪ʼԣҲϤ˴ѧʱҲöܶûеУ绰 

ĵ绰ͨˣҰ˴ҲսսĴĵ绰 

ӭҵĲҰıŭѿ׵ĻػҰڣڰгȥˡ 

ΪʲҪȥǲǳʲˣһļֻ롣ʲᣬҶС˲ɵչ˵ĵܵܡ 

ǰǷҰϴѧУѧݽϳɫķ˽ڵӣһֱгȥѧҵϵءλͬѧҰľ壬ĻҴһ¡ 

ԭҰû¾ͺáҵػش𣬡˵һҴ绰 

ãһġ 

ллˡ 

 

µ绰صشϣͬѧҳȥֻʣһʱҰԼһţͼͻĿ顣 

ԭûҰߣĲ컹ܹƾĴ 

ѾͬУҰĲͬѾǻֻǵֵʱҼʹٶֱȽҲϣΪܵܵĳɫе 

ǵĹϵҰȫı䣬ҿʼֹϵŬϰת䣬Ȼҷ֣ת֮ͬҰһһǣеǧͷұøΪУԵģֻҪйҰκ£Ҷרע 

ѧУܴҲкܶˣܶҲǰʱͬѧͶҲŮǶΪҰʶҡŮ̸̸˺ܶ࣬ǹҰġ 

ҰǱѧУڻǲһˣǸĶл᲻ҵǸˡҵıһһԽԽЩҲ֪ȴ֪ʳڡ 

ݲӦңÿζҹ˾ʱоѣҿҰδ㣵ΪǱҵδ 

δ绰ͬѧЩ֮ᣬڴշת࣬˼֮ᣬҸ϶ҰĲ࣬ҰйõδӦһʱĳ嶯صļǰƽ 

ǵ֮ݸֻǸոտʼѿδ֮ǰǱδԳܵʹࡣ 

ڣһλᡣ 

ָңԶͨѶٷҲа취ҰҲҵκϢ 

ңϢͻᵭңңڷĶУãã˺УܻҵǸˣңʱǷݳ嶯 



17 

ſڴϺ˼룬ʶ磬ΰ֮䣬ĵ绰ͻȻŵѡ 

Զͣĵ绰һֲȥ亹Ϣ죬ͬѧȥˣֻһڣӵ绰ȻֻȥˡҰ˫쵽̤ϵذϣ֪ڴ̫ûܾȵԵʣҶʱֵĵȥ 

ҷӦÿ죬ȥ֮ǰץס˴ϵĸûѿĵڵϡҺòߵ༸׵ĵ绰ʱѾ˲ʱ䡣һ绰ʺȥʱԷѾҶ˵绰 

ЦЦδ绰еһΣΪıˣȻתصϼҵΩ婤תʱ绰ͻȻٴαͻأĵ绰һһϰԵĻع绰 

ɣҵֿҪͲһ̣ҵͣסˡ 

ͻȻҰͻȻ˿̵ĵ绰Ұִֵĸһƶͣҵֿʼ΢΢˼ͻȻһ飬ּ 

Ұ뿪֮ǰҵĨЦ簮εĲůЦҵ˵绰 

ǱߣӦûȫƥϷҰŮ͵أǰĸʱһŮ˵Ļ绰ִء 

婤绰졣ҲĴҾȻе绰ͻȻ·ǵȵòͷڳ 

ٿתܵ˼ᣬĳᡣ 

ҷĴ¥ȣ¥ݣһһ׵£ҵٶȿǵӰƣһǼִҾס¥᲻ͣܵ¥£ܳ¥ܵǰĹ԰ 

۵Ҳˣҵڹ԰Ĳƺϲͣش̫Ǻס˺ʼͣĿԡ 

ȡȡȡҿȸͣˮ˳֪ҵúЩˮȻһȳѪҶˣ̫ˣղŷľٶѾľҵ 

һ߿һ߲֪ʱұˮѬģͻȻһƿȪˮǰһǴġ 

ҪȣûǰĿȪˮൽ賓 

㣬ҪǺ͸ˡߣŮĴҺˮĶ˶һ£Ȫˮʱֱӽҵʺ£Ǻˡ 


ȿȿȩĲͣѿںˮȳߵŮ״ĴҵıͼҺùЩ 

òҲſʼֹͣԣ䲻ʱĨЩʪҿ϶һһǱࡣ 

ùЩ᣿ŮػҲĿͶϡǸĳŮֳͬһɫ 

öˣллҳĵĸлеĿȪˮƿȴ鵽еĿȪˮѾʣٲѾҺȹʱεĸҲǣҲǡ 

ƺҵΣŮ󷽵Цֻһƿˮѣ͵İɡ 

ллֻ˵ 

Ů¶һЦݣ˵̫춿ˡ 

Ҳֻ·ȵܲŹġ֮û˾ͺá˵֮ᣬߵվ״ҲϽվ 

ҽΤһϵġأһѺõЦԴн䱸Ҳ΢ЦƣҲǴһϵ 

֮ԱϵǾ׵õЩʦСģȽʺҵĹ 

Ǿ˵ǵĿҺܽඣЦݺ׺͵ΤֳЩ˷ܡ 

šҵͷһᾭ档 

ԣε˵Ե 

ǰɡܸȾĲ¶Цݻشһ߿Цÿĵ 

ͷһأҾȻԸŮûй˼ɵĽ̸֪ǲǵʶΪҰĹϵ 

ĲͬҸоΤǰʶŮȫһΪҰŸҽ̸ģҲҸҰšǴģżȻʽʶûƣûмƽϣĸо 


ǲûн̸ܾþͷֿˡԤԵģᣬУ԰Ǽ档 

տʼʱͷȻһһεżȻǱ˽̸ѡΤϴѧĵһŮѣǰԵر磬ͬѧǶЦҰ˼ҡΤұֳ⣬ǵĹϵͬѧǵĿݱõ¡ 

ҥԻΤӰһֱѼ̹ǵĹϵɶʵ䷴ҸΤ²ʾǸʱĻĬã֪ᣬܶ¶ҥ԰ǴպϳһԵġ 

Ļʲ˼ʣȴת˻⡣ 

㡭룬ջ˳ 

۾һֱңþòŻش𣺡ҷЩԱҲ֪ʲԭɵġ֪ʵǸܲˣȻرڣǺͿΪ˶ʵ˼ϸ壬ΪҪ㰮ϵˣһ̤صİԷġ㰮ϵˣһҸ 

Ĵ۾ҵۣ·ҪĵУļ΢ڶ 

һңҵ΢΢һֱҶϰ˱˶ҵǻܾܵ͸ɫĻ룬ʵڴ˵İġΪָо 


ԭʹҰϾͨѶΤ֮ᣬҸᶨ뷨 

Ҷͬͬѧʾдҵĵ绰һ˵³ȥæˣΪ˾ӵ绰ҺٴҪͼݣҪǸΤȥ档ҲΪΤͬѧǶҵЩо֣һΪɫϣĵ绰ýǶܺΪҵסҰҵе绰 


ҵͬѧ˵տʼҰ绰ҵĴƵ˶ʱᣬ 

ˣɬ֪ҰһᷳϷҵ˿ת˼˻ 

˰ˣ֮ҪĽȻеܣһһϰߣϰҰĳһϰ뿪 

Ӿһţɣһδ绰Ұһᣬҵĸˡ 



18 

ĸ׵ĳ֣Һ⡣ 

ũæʱڣʱĸӦǴڼũİ 

ȻҵѧУҼҾһӼѧУҪϺüͷ𳵣Ҫתһβܵ 

Զľ룬ʲһҵĸأ 

Ȼ󣬵һӭĸ׵ĵĸ׵ﰲٺãĸ״ӼһЩԼֵĻĸܲɷָѡ 

Ǿĸǰ̻ʺܲ˼ֻĸһ̸Ŀռ䣬һΪֵֹļλΪĸ׵ˮʱʧӰ٩ҸǵЩܲҲһʧˡ 

ҶŻֺ˿ȴüžɵĸһЦ 

ǶгĸЦ۾óദò 

԰ɡҰˮĸ֮ᣬߣ裬ѧУңڲũæˣһæù𣿡 

һʣһĸһȻҷԵģĸһӵĸǣʱ磬ûָͷһЩ 

ũˬ 

һ¶˺ı飬ߵĸ۾簮ЦҡͷǲʮûԹ 

һûԾͬʮСĵطãҸصĵطƿغáøȺһѳˣҵƿ׵ͬϴҴƿһһʱɨ⡣ 


ҰҴġҵĸ׵ĻͻȻһ£װƿˤϡ 

ûзҵĸˮ˵ұģҰҪһˣ˵һµ绰㶼Ҳ㣬ܵģ֪ʲ¡ֲӦ㡣Ȼ˵һЩ㣬㰮ԣҪһЩ 

ҴԴĸĿң֪ѾˣһԼ鴦õģĵѧУҰǲģ˵Ժƭȥ˻˼Ǯ 

詤ĸײ¡˵˭Ҷúܲˡ 

úúã˵˲˵ˡĸЦҡҡͷܳٴǰҶֻǸӣĺӡø˵ɣΪʲһֱҰĵ绰أҰ⺢ᵣ㡣 

Ұеƿӷŵߣʼ磬ƽ˵ʲᣬæ¡ҲμţҪȥϰϸտѧ˵ҲöŬɣ־ͼҲ˵Ұĵ绰Ǵ˶ѡ 

ԭĸһˮˮ꣬Ҹٵһȴֹңˣˣҵûȥˡ 

죿ҾȵؽٳԹһٷٻȥ 

ã򼸸ӵϳԾˡøϻؼңũæҵøϻȥ֣һæġĸ׾ܾҵ뷨ʼʰ 

æ㻹Щ۵ıԹ 

ʲ취˭㲻Ұĵ绰ᵣ㡣ᣬҰԼѧУˡĸ׵һۣҲóʱʱһ绰ֲǲ֪Ұж㣬ܵҰɱĻ㣡 

ǣҵĴȷû뵽ҰҲң绰ؼĸ 

ֻܰæʰĸߵ¥¡ 

԰ǰʱأһ˩Τ 


ȷ˵ˣΤͬá 

ΤȼǵģʺãȻᣬĸ׵ע⡣ 

⺢ǡĸ׺ϸĶΤżϱҲ˼İͱͱĸףջؿΤĿ⡣ 

һֱĸעĿΤǲĸ֮Ѳӣᣬĸ¶һõЦݣһǷƵĸװɣǳú񣡡 

⺢Ӻ۹⣡ĸ͵ЦСƵġΪҵļ֣⣬ĸײٽҵĽҵ֡ 

ҸΤĿͬʱ㣬ǵĿ͸һѶϢǾ֮䵽ʲϵͬѧѣǩ 

ĸǷƵŮŶʱ򣬸ΤߵĽͻȻĸЦ˵ 

⩤ҵΤͬʱϣȻٵƿ˿ǺߵĶ 

Ҽĸ׾ΪģҳȥʱһȻӻϲĿ⣬Ұвá 

裬Ҳ£ΤֻҵĩҵĻĸסҶʲᶼĿ⻹ֹҼ˵ȥĶסˡ 

Сĸ׺ͰĳΤʵ 

ҽΤͷΤѸ̧ش𣬲һֵͷһͨ죬סҵһ۴ĺ壬ٱе˼Ҵסˣû뵽Τϲҵĩ˼ϲ 

ĸײûжʲᣬֻ˵һЩΤչҵĿ׻Τֿˡ 

ҲΤסҵһۣĸȥʱĿͻӣǹﲻŶ˼ϲĸ 

ҵȻ֪ΤǸŮѧУСء볤඼˲ƵҲû뵽Ȼϲҡ 

õһŮϲһƽˡ 

ͣ˼Ұ飬ȫΤϲҵ顣˵ģţһһ˿˿ĸˡһֱϲעĿ㡣 



19 

ҸΤԭĹϵԴĸһᣬʡ 

Ȼ˶ûбĵ뷨ദһʱø¿ң¿ȥԼȥʳãͼݣֻУ԰ټУ԰伸ˡ 

ûи˭ΤദԵСһУ԰ͣͬĻ⣬żҶ 

ΤΪ⣬ĴˣעһΣͬʱ̲סңǰǲǴûиŮ 

ɦɦԴ˼ػش𣺡ĸ⣬ŮԵദҶͷһΡ 

Ƭ̣ͻȻЦ˳ã 

ҶЦտĽմסˣһʱ֮䣬Ҳ˽˵⻰˼ֱңСҵС 

ľֹҸΪ㵡 

㲻ҽ㡣Τ̧ͷӯӯһЦŮദѧֻ֮ϡ˵꣬Ƥգգۡ 

Τȴֹ 

ȣҪҵ֣һָǰظҡ 

Ҵؿ΢Цһֱûг 

ҵĴͣûٱңȻĵ˵ͷЦҲ㣬ҪԼгڣȻϰߡ 

٣Ѿһһ֣˵ 

֮ᣬǣ¼У԰Ƶǰ 

һ·ϣҸǽյ˫һ¶ȣϸϸ˼һʱ顣 

ԡڴĵһУůʡ 

ѵŮ᣿ 

ʣۡ 


ƽУ԰ûĸ׵ĵһ˿ΪΤ飬Ϊƽ׺˼˿ɫʡ 

ڵʱ䣬Ұĵ绰ٴӽУʼŵѧϰ𽥵Ұ顣 

ҹ˾ʱҲŻɽ죬һһУ뵽ޡ֪ҶҰв˵žܷŵģҼʱһУƩʱĳ嶯Ұʼҵһ֤ 

˭˵ŵԣ뵽ᣬǻǵʧԼ˸ԵޣŮΧƵʱ 

ǸľأԷݣ͵Ϊഺһδۡ 


ʵϣ鲢û򵥡벻µľ˲Ԥϵ¶ˡ 

ǸյᣬҸΤͼ﷭ϣͻȻһλͬѧһֱΪƽ׸ı䡣 

ƣͼݵͬѧָյҡһĪĿͼİҴµ 

һʼʱҲ֪ͬѧ˭ҲΪλ֪ҵֱ֣гһ֣Ұܵܩ 

һ֣شλվɲǼ֪λͬѧǰͬеͬѧǣΪʲͻȻҰ 

ҵģĪһ󾪻ţҰˣ 

һ̣ҵƤʼͣҲſʼ鲻չûܣҰѧУԶ𳵶Ҫҹʱ䩤 

һ̣λͬѧĻ׷ҵ룬ܷܵҰˣ 

Ҳ֧Ųסϡ 

ˣʲˣһֱߵΤ״㵣ĵѯʡҲ֪شҲش𣬱㱻λͬѧ˳ȥ 

ĥĥҰһֱ㣬ӣ㻹ǿȥɡ 

λͬѧİư£У԰Уŵķȥ 


ΧУ˳سУŵķȥû֪ҰһǸط 

ֻҫ۳ɫַзĳ档 

ҲǿϤĳҵĽȥҵ͹ҰеĵλҪظǰƽ㣵µΪǱҪ̯˵ˡ 

һ˼ҰҪ˵Լ뷨һλͬѧĴ¼ǰȥ 

֮ᣬҷΧͬѧرŮͬѧ 

ȥ仹ǰе 

ǰǸ˧ŶǰûǵѧУ𣿡 

̫ܣѧУҪɫһֱûдš 

ҲԡĸѧУģѧУ 
 

֪ӣˡ 

ȥʲ֩ 

Ҳǣǩ 

ʲᣬҼҰˡ 

䣬ȥ̸˶ȴ 

ȻһףȴȫûĨĿתĿΣ˷ݸӻ˵ 

²Ұָ࣬ʱĳɳΪءӵĸı䣬ʹӵ˸ܾסĵ 

վϸ߰ʣĿò޳ģ˵ĺ׶ȥ}һĴڡ 

Ҿվ಻Զĵطܿҡ 

һһƶһ߻ܣ׾ͿóҶҲóе飬ΪĮı鿪ʼ˷ݲͷ 

Ҹýס᣿⸱ӵҸеӡҰñǰв˺ˡ 

֪ҵĽڿʼˣӱֿɳܵΪʹˣֻΪں£Լĵܵܩ 

ҰҰˣʱҴλͬѧֺһذ˳ȥҰ 

ˣҳҰķһۣҰѾͶʱĵײҽС 



20 

λµͬѧʹ޵Ŀʱ䶼ûУҵֱ۱㱻Ұݺݵס 

ʹҵĵͺҵͬʱҰ 

ҰҲɵʿˮҰıֲ̫ˣ 

һεƯıһֱߣڵ۾һɷ籩𣬺ֻҪһߣ춯صı 

ûи㹻ʱӦҰ˿ɭݺݶסңñʵǸŮ˭ 

һ㶣ʲǸŮˣ 

ƺΪװɵҰĿˣסӸңˣѾŮѩ˵һֱסֱ۵ָʹΪͷ᲻˶ϵ 

ʹץֱ۵֣ȴһöûУ־ҹͷһȵعסҰȷ֣ĺʹ 

ûиҽȨҰĿңΧΧ۵˵Ŀ⣬ʣ˵ǸŮ˵˭ 

Ұӻһ׽ڴɷʻյָӳǽӡ 

Χ۵ԽԽ࣬ЩңϾỹҪѧУѧҵʲ״ɲá 

ŭɶҰͨĶ˵Ұﲻʺ˵ҸЩĵطٰѻ˵ 

ҵֺãҰĬƬ֮ᣬŻסֱ۵ЭԸ 

һϲ뿪ͻȻһϤŮҴ 

ƣܵܣŤͷȥȻĿ˲֪ʲʱֳΤ 

ĿһҰʱľWɫʡ 

Ѿû̫ȥĿеš 

ҵߵŭ۽ǵȥҿҰѾȫڵһ 

ǸŮˣ˵ҰҧгݵĿ϶ˡ 

һ̣סֱ۵ɿˣһδӦҰ곤ѾԽңΤķȥ 

Ұɭ¶ȳΤȥıӰһֱ϶Ұ϶Τʲֵ顣 

ҰҳȥֹҰǰҰҪ 

סҰҾֵĿҰɫϿӵһۣȻֶΤϡҲѾеҰĲˣΤֳһ˿ţȷ˭Ұ⸱бģẦ¡ 

ſ˦סֱ۵ҰͷҲصĵͺȡ 

ҪҰ㡭ͷһμҰ׺ݵģµһץסҼԤҪһɿݱһѪȷ硣 

Ұ͵ػعͷݺݶסңΪǸŮңΪһŮˣˣܹ˽ӽҡ 

ǵġʶҡͷ֪ΪΤģ֪ҰҪһʱ嶯ʲֲֵ飬һǰƽؽ 

ҲҪԲҪ 

ͷſ֣Ұ˦˦ֱۣ˦һǸץ 

ҰҪȥҿֻŵĿҲ˦ҵҰ޺޵ŲҼǰ 

ĲݵӼҲ޳ֻҵУƴѹҵԴ뵽ʲֹܹҰΤǰİ취 


Χ¶ɻ߲ͣ˽ұȵףУһҪҰ뿪 

ҵͷʹˣֹǰѾʾ֭ο뿪 

ͻȻҵԺһͷΪͷһ¡𽥳·չҲٶ룬ģҰеҪԣ 

Ұѹֻҵ˵ϸ뿪Ȼ㿴 

ҰǰĲͻ֪ͣˣҿ㵵ػعͷŵĹâ 

취Чˣĵװϲ 

ң˵õõұĶҰð˵Ŀ⣬ҾģҲ¶ı鰡 

ҰĬˣЭشԭأǰ 

ǰ֪˿һᣬһԵһˣΤͷҲصУŵķȥ 

һ뿪ѧУҺᷴڸϽ⳵ȰҰϳҲŸ˳˾˵˸ѧУԶĵطᣬҿʼĬ 

ҰҲĬŵľһԲ 

ЩƣջؿҰĿ⣬иᣬҸе쳣ƣϳϲãҸе˯ 

ֱ˾ҵطʱҲžѣϽǮ 

ֱǮʱҲŽŵķ֣ҾȻһǮҲûϣ֪ǺãҰԼͳǮ˾ 

ʼգҰûпһۣȴеѹҰ˵ԺǰҵȷǸ¶Ҫϵˡ 

ĵطһæҵ֣һϢգܻѽڣֵĵطʺҸҰ̸ 

ҴĬҰʼѰһžģ̸ĵط 



21 

˰Ĺ㳡ϡ 

ӣҸҰһһߣǲϿڣڸҶ 

˿ӰΪҿЦãղǿӲ÷·Զأڣı֡˰ìܵʵò˼飬۸ӵ˲ 

ĬϷҿһһֱ֪飺ҰѧУûзżٰɣ 

شҵҰĬҼ״ɴߣңҰشҵĻһһصĶ˵ 

ҰǿӲĻعͷӱͷһƺ˵ƾҲ磡 

Ұұģȫ 

ʲʸֱڣҰſڣĮֱҵĻһŭˮһãϨˡ 

ȥ̱ϡ 

ʵûʸгŵΥһֱ׳ȴ 

Υŵٳ֣ҲΥߡ 

˵ҲӦһԴѧУܻѧУûɾͷ᳤ļ٣ʲӦ֪ðҵĵĩ 

װģҰͻȻ˫ְҼϣѹǰĹȫסҵУ߱ˣϹǽ˳ŵ˹ϵ 

Ұһһݺݵýҵ壬ʹľʱ˿̣뵽ȴһ飬ҽƿѹϵҰû˵ǹ᲻֪ҸҰγɵһĻ棬˿˩ 

Ұȷſҡƴʯȹ̵ҪǱ˿ˡ 

±˿ҰͻȻᣬ̧ǡÿıâ 

Ұ֪ʲҲųҪܾѾѹصҵĴҾܾ˻ȥ 

𾪵һƬհףû뵽ҰȻĿӱ˿Σ 

Ƭֹ̣ϣֵܻ鷢չȥҿʼʤҵҰ׵ؾֹҵķߺް֣ŪʹҴĿǻûЩûã鼱֮£ֳҰ˦һ⣡ 

žһҰ˦ˡƺû뵽һҰһ¡ܿ죬Ҹеڷʹ飬ҲžҷŴҰǶأҰԭֺ׵ӡ 


һɲǼ䰲ϢûҰ˼ȻᣬҿһϸϸѪ˿ҰҴ㵵س嵽ǰŵ֪ˣȴһ˦ 

ңһ˦ңһס׵ҰĿߣңȻңΪǸŮң 

˵ᣬҰ˳ 

ǵġҾʧĲ֪ᰲûͷһδһˣҲΪΤģǡǡ 

ҶˡҰͻȻЦ˳¶Цݵ·ħҲľҪʲ᣿ 

ң޶ֵ̰ 

ҾˣҪתѧ 

ʲ᣿ҵԴһʱ֮ܲѶϢ 

ֱֱϣĻ˷Ҫ㣬Բκ㡣ҵģһκߵ֪£Ҳ׼뿪ңһԶߣֻҪһ뿪ͷҾͻ̰ɱ 

ҸеؿʹܵץסĿȴתƲĶҰո˵ʲᣬҪתѧ 

ԣҪתѧҪĵطԶ㣬ҵʵҰĨĮᶨЦݣؿڵʹˡ 

ƴҡͷҾӰ쵽ǰ̲ŻľתѧȫǷӵĵطҵĿĲͰ׷ 

ѾˡҰᶨƵĿֵİ˲ţҪҶˣһȥںʲѧҵʲɾͣΪϣȥҲŬİûһںʲ᣿ 
 

ҵǻһɬƴס죬Լ޳ 

Ұһϯصļ䡣Ҽ˵ҰѧʱС²ĲȥΪѧУ̫ˣʱΪڱĸ˶ĵطṴʹĻ䡣ΪȥѧУҸĸ˵˺ûԲܴĿ־壬ᱻƼ̲ס޵Ϊ²ȥѧУȥѧУѧϰ֪ʶѧϰ֪ʶЩ㲻Ҫ֤㲻ûõĺӣҲҪ 

ҪȥѧУúѧϰ֤Ƕ˲һˡЩϽԴ㣡 

죬ССݵҰ˺þúþãعĵһ仰ǣҴӦ㣬ȥѧУһúѧϰҲʧһ֤˿ұ˭ǿ 

ҰҶǶҪڲͬڼһҾ֪ˡľʹģΪҼҵĺһֱΪİţҵĳĵĽܵܣȻᾡĵŬϣİǰӰ߳ӭõδ 

òߵһڷǲǰңӰ쵽һع˵ǰֱҵ 

𴻽㿴ջԲѵҰʱԹɫҾĺҪҷؼң᲻ʹ˱ĥ 

ҰˣͶֻҪҰԸһС 

Ұҵ۾ᣬᱧҰѾȥ˼˿⸱龰ķӦڣֻתѧľ 

ҰҪתѧֻҪȥѧУҴӦ㣬Ҳ뿪㣬Զ 



22 

ƺĳμ䣬ͻȻ벻ҸҰƵķġ 

ѣѾȥµҰճյעҡ 

ˣҸҰԶ뿪ĳŵȻҪС 

ңģңȥ·ңһһŽԼ·ϵťۣҰڴտʵĿ£̻¶ҵ塣 

ȵĿƵ΢΢ϵĶų޶۵ķ·ʲᶼ׶ 

ĿΪῴȥңһֱᣬֻվֻĿϴϵÿһ缡 

òףϵ¡Ҷӭг飬ҴĿһȥ֮ᣬչ۰ݵӱס 

ҰѾҵļޣҪҼҪɬҲ 

ҵҰûҪҼȥ쿪ֽرסңȻͻȻұڴϡ 

һٶͻɽǴ˵ĻҿҪֹһεıϴأ 

ʱӶȵÿˡ 

İͷѹϵҰСĵİҵͷڳһͨ죬ʧЦ뵽ˣ 

ȻصһۣŤͷ 

ҰҲᣬ˫ֳ࣬˵ƣ˵һΣ˵㲻뿪ңᰮϱˣԶ 

΢һᣬֱ̧տԶĺͫסݳ֣˵Զ뿪㣬ԶᰮϱˣԶֻһ 

㷢ġҪһ֤ 

ҷġ޷ˡ 

춣һֱ㯲ıʧˣĵЦˡ 

ᶯ˵΢ЦȴһаݵЦݣ·ľ˸ԸΪ˴˿̸ 

еĹ˼ɶûˣȻռȨҰһĳǣȵֿʼҳʵһƣÿһƵĴʵ͵ؽס춻Ψһǣұ޿ѡҲѡ 

ȵҪҵĺҲջ٣ͷѰĿͬʱ̰ĺһ˿ռһһҰҰӦңҪתѧҪ 

ҪéΪҵĽɣҰ 

Һ֪ѬĻᣬĸıסҶһϣˡ 

Ҳ˽ģҪǸҰĴ֤ҰǶģĴǶҽһ죬ҪɫҰǰҪڲı飬ҪҰ˵ĻȫջȥҪĵǸһҪ˵ڣҰܻصߣҰѾҷҵˡ 

ͷһһˣΪҰ· 

һ㣬ɫʧϰһ㣬ҵ˫־Ͳסȵ뵽һ㣬Ҿͻʧȥ˶ҾʹҾ͸ʹ޴㣬޵Ըһȥ׷Ī 


ҵĻҰͣסж̧ͷҡУҿհ嫣Уҵǲ԰Զݵ١ 

ҴӦ㡣򣬾ҵĶߣҴӦ㣬ҴӦ㩤һΪĽ 

ˮ۾Ļʵ֪һ˵ңֻȴ 

ͻȻͦҵ壬ȵҵ壬һ˿϶ĳڡ 

ҰԽסøҼʵҪС 

ҵľٶŨҵͺһڵӲͦЩȻ˸еΪܣҰϲ׾ͱ 

͵ĸһ֮ᣬʼͦԭһܸΪҵĲɶûãѾռʶΪ޿̵ط鶯 

ȫ裬ֻ沨ʶã֮ʱҸˮ۾ģĿҰеģȻ˵ľWա 

ġһ룬ҵľڷ̣ʹ̹ĵĸܡ 

֪˶ãҸе鶯Ƶʼӿ죬Ұһҵĳ֮ᣬȵҺڡ 

ҼϢȴһеģſϲͣشʱҸеɬʿˮ̧Щٴΰס 

һ£Ȼ΢΢̧ӣڵϸ΢ĦҸΪеĳڣĴ̼ս˺ڡ 

ейѾµĲλӲҵһ⡣ 

ЦϵֽƵҵҰ̧ͷĲλҰµľ 

ЦͷȵϢͷ̵Ķ䣬ģڣˡ֮ᣬҪŶ 

øǰĻΪ߳ܵȫ΢΢Ҹضȥٳ֡ 

Ȼʹ˰ֵʼϵĶȴĶܿҵǸطӲһһ˲ӿҰŪĵطʶԵĽס塣 

ҰҰÿǻһһһ˿аһɶŪԼˡ 

ԣŶܿˡҵĶҿˣ 

ֱĴҵϸϸȥˮʱҲ֪ᡣ 

ҰҿѰȵĴԸĺܿңסҵĴңһһε԰Ρ 

鲻ԽΪ١ 



23 

ƽϢ۵֫ӵ 

ɴĴѾƻԻͣҲ֪Ѿҹ 

һʱ䣬䷿ǲͣͣҪԷ 

ǩڴӶԷҪԼĵŵԣһһ飬̰ 

һ̣ȥ˭˭ΨһģǲͣȷԷĴڡ 

Ұǰ´Ŵ˿˺гůգأһ˵Ұ𳵸ϻѧУȥҪ뿪̫ãȻִ˻Ӱ쩤 

šҰǱȥצè˳Ӧ 

ҵķһӹĶ΢΢̾ 

γ͵͵Ļǡ 

Ҹʦ˵£һڵļ١ 

ʦӦˣ 

ӦˡҴӦ¹Ρ 

Ͻȥɣ˽뿪ѧУܲá 

šơ 

ţ 

һΪϣĽҷһ 

㡣ģһõΪҰ 

ҲҪұ֤㲻ᰮϱˣ뿪ңԶ 

ұסģ 

ҷģʲ£Ҷߡ 

ֻһ뿪㡣 

Զ 


һҹҹҰϳ 

һֱʮֱָᣬķֿ 

ɿֱҹ紵÷ԭȴ˭ǣ 

гŹϣҰеأ΢ЦҸֻֿʱ 

һҪ 

ưյøΪW԰ıҵĵס 

֪һ̣ҽԶ 

гһѹ춣ĺڰʻȥ 

гƿմķҵ°ҵķ 

ҵԺ뿪ǰҰĺϻص 

ҡ 

ҷ롣 

㻹뿪һ̣жܡ 

飬صĺڰ˰ǹ⣬ϣ·ʧ 

Ұгȫʻҵǰʱ飬ѹվ 
 

£Ұͷ˫ϥĵףĻش 

㡭 

뿪Ψһܹ֧ҵϣ 


صѧУᣬûأͬͬѧ̽Ϊޡ 

ȥᣬ˵һ¾ܹˡ 

Ѿ˯ΪҡҪǻҰ飬˿ҵ治˻شЩ 

˼ѾȫҰҴҵִҴ뿪·һһķչԻˣղ顣 

۰ 

ҵڴϣĺҹۣҰ뿪һĻĻſۣҰͳǰ 

ҰҰ 

ͷȫҰҰ 

Ұߡ 


ڶ죬ȥΤǸŮǸ䲻ϵŮ 

Ĭ΢ЦΪܵ˵𣿡 

ˣΪҰȴûǳʲɾܾ 

ǡһش𣬡ΪҵѾ˱ˡ 

ĿȻȴЦ֪ˡģҺʶȤģҲġ 

תҪ뿪ҺסΤԲ𡣡 

΢΢ҿ 

ҪǸûҲûʲطˣʱˡ 

뿪ˣһһԶߵıӰֱᡣ 

ǿĲҿıˣ߰ļ볡ڲͬĶϧһˡ 

ԶȥıӰ 

дҴڲȴҰ 

Բ𡭡Բ𡭡 

ֻУҲͣ˵ҵǸ⡣ 

Ĳһ̾Ϣһ죬Ǹ˻֡ 

תȥķ̧ͷϵʿ 

Ұĸ飬Ǳ㣵µУȻû·ǰ·˾ģ͵޷ˡ 

£һ졣 

ΪԼףϣÿһ춼ʡ 

΢΢һЦŲңӭתĵһ졣 



24 

ᣬҰһصѧУʹ绰 

ƣǸŮ˵ûҪҾ㣬ң취һ绰ҰĻͷ 

ҲЦҰʲ 

ҰѾ߹ҸֻѹϵˡΪҰĵĻѧУҸҸΤֻѹϵѾٸˣԷ˰ɡ 

ţ⻹ࡣ绰һ˵Ұʾ⡣ 

ҰѧУʦû˵ʲɣ 

ȻûСҰشȻҲ˭ܻ£İɡ 

šҰԸԸıǮ 

Ұûʲҹҵ绰ˣҴпΡ 

ƣ绹绰㣬𣿡ҰЩȷ΢΢һЦΪԸҳֵĲ 

һڿΣ¿һĶҲȥ͵ĵ绰ȷĸ 

ţõ֪绰һ˵һ¶WЦݡ 

Ǿҹҵ绰ŶҵͬѧѾڴˡ 

ã 

õӦʣҪҵ绰ʲأ 

ҵȹҵ绰 

Ŷһ˵ҵ΢΢£漴Ҷϵ绰 

ҰڲЩ𺳵飬ȹҵ绰ͿҵѶһ롣 

һתȴҵͬѧһ뿪ᡣ 


ʼðƽһһظͬɡ 

ϿΣ¿ΣԷϢҰͨ绰ԭҰһε绰˷ǮΪʹΪһһΡ 

ѾҰ˲ͬͬѧԴ˸еϣ棬Ǻټĸͬѧݻ绰ġΪǵɻֻһһ 

˵첻죬˵·գ۾͹ˣ׵ʱֲȷĸо 

Ϊټڶ̣˶࣬ѧ֣Ұûл꣬һܿҪĽڼڡ 

ڼǲиƯĸͬŮ绰ؼʱҿЦ˵ 

ף֪Ұһ˿ȡ 

ĻҧԼͷǸڼһһƯŮ 

ҸеҵĿʼðݡ 

ǰǸҰش𣬡Ҷ˵ܺÿҾûãҶûʲоЩһ쵽ǰΡҪǽǿҪסˡ 

Ұ˵ҲЦС 

óǸŮһϲҰԲŻһû뵽ʵ䷴ɡ 

ҰĻְ˵ĸоǲȷҰĵĹϵ 

ϲ˼ҲʧΪϾ㻹ס˼ҼܻΪֳҲԾĹȰ 

ģ֪ġҰӲһֳ 

ҵ·һعͷһ۰Ͱҵĸס 

ҰʧĻĸף۰ҰĿĸ׶ԣһϾҰͷһزڼҹڣʮԲҹ 

Ѿ겻Ұĸ׵̫ãǣҶҰ˵Ұ˵䣬Ұѵ绰 

ȵȡҰסҡ 

ʲ£ΪҪ顣 

Ұ㣬ơ 

ˢһ£ҿ϶ҵ͸ˣĵһ䣬Ұѵ绰ĸס 

ɻҵΪͻȻĸֻһۣרĸҰ̸ȥˡ 

ת߳䣬ÿſϳ̡ 

ǴʮҼ⣬ӵѾ϶˱ 

紵Ǳڵζǹζ 

ڸߣ˵֣Ǽʲʱűڣ 

֪ǲһ˵ԭ򣬼Եøİ 

û̻شң̸˴³һ̣˵꣬ҰǺӶܵűڡ 

ԭҲҰ΢΢һЦڵīɫա 

ҰԶǲҲͬأ 

ȻԶ㻹ǻģΪǷҵˡ 

ԣҵĴԶΪ㳨 


˭Ҳû뵽ԭΪپͻҰ궼 

ΪҰĳͣԭѧУעأΪţѧУټƴѧ졣 

һʱɴѧҵ˹ʱ䣬ٻר޿Σѡ޿ε˶ʿѧλ 

һʱ䣬ר޹̹ԳɫıӮһָĿ˾׼ֱӳΪ乫˾һԱ 

漣·ǰҰһ꣬ȫþ漤ҵڣΪҹ˾һһҵ񻰡 

һ꣬ѴӻְΪ߲Ա 

˽Ե۾ƾһĴ̾볬ıֻ׼ǰμӹ̹ʿDBAѧλĿԡĲݿԵĳɼͨ˿ԣһݾտоþΪʷͷһλĻ˹̹ʿ 

ԭΪҵŵӴڹһòʿѧλȻȥԭ˳۵Ĺص˹ڡ 

һ꣬ҰŶʮһꡣ 


ڼ˶ҰĻ˶ҰĳֲҥĴׯӴ˲ٻֻңһ쳵վҰһ䣺ҡССϣ֮һһεȺĹڡ 

ңȻҰ̾Ϊֹĳڱ֣ǰ˳ɴѧѧҵ֮ᣬׯһСϵһѧﵣʦ 

ƽļƽΨŵеΪҵȻϣʱ֣Զոһա 


ϰߣʧÿһԶصϢܻССϣ֮ȼϰ߱Ȼ 

ȻĹƽһ죬ͻȻ֪ϢòӦ⡢𾪡ɣǲֻԼеһΡ 

ֱȷΣҷһܡ 

벻͸ǰ˵ҪӳһӻͻȻǲ֪ѾҼеĶͣ 

Ҿϲ 

һ룬ҵָֻҸϵжˡ 

һصң˷ܵĳ忪ţΪΥӭҡһֱ嵽ȴֻĸϵһ֪ 

ұӣûҵ˵Ӱ˷ܵһһ˿½ȴ 

ҰأᣬһֱЩʲĸĸ 

һۣĸĵػشңҰûл 



25 

Ұûл 

ĸ׵Ļǰһڣϡ 

ĸûע⵽ҵ˵֪ҰعѧĽڱסˣ˵Ҫһӭ᲻ɡⲻ˵ҪƳٸ 

һ㵣裬ղǻ˼Ұǲֻʱ䣿 

ǰĸ׺ҵķӦʲʱ˵Ұˣ 

鼫ĲҿЦãոǱ顭Уָһ԰˭⸱õķİɡ 

ĸһۣʰϵһѲ֪˭Ʒ˭һ˵һ᣿ 

ûҵͷʣʲᰡУϵЩ˭͵ģ 

Ǵ峤һֱԵĸʱŻش𣬲ǽϿ˿̸ˣ֪ҰϢ˵ҰˣһҪףף 

ЩԵĺȵҲǴ峤ġĸ׽ӻܸҰһ⡣ 

ĸʰĶһ£̶ֵҪףҲǲУǴ峤˵ҪѸڴ˶ҪһϷ֡Ҹֶ̫¡ˣҲ֪Ұϲϣ˲Żһʽ²Żˡ 

ҲǡǳҾȫƤǴһ壬Щ˼˵Ҳһ˰ɣһͼԼǰȥܰԼ⩤ֲʲǳҲ̫˰ɣ 

Ҹֶԣ峤Ǻú롣ϾҰǴͷһѧóɼˡ 

͸ˣˡ 

ԡĸ׵ͷ 

ʲġҶѾվϵĶõźõĸ˵绰Ұ͵ˣ 

ĸͣ½Ųһ˼˵Ļ᲻һˡ 

ԣĸ׻룬ҪҰתܡ 

죿Ҳûˡ 

죿ĸַˣ̵һƣô峤¸ʡˣųǼҰˣİ 

׵ĻЦ֣ˣҲûҰų 

û˭ҵĻĸװһۣŶԸ׵ô峤Ļ 

ܲ׵Щߣƺĸ׵ĻҰۼҺӣñ˰ŪǴ峤ҲУֲǵʱͳǼҡ 

˵꣬׾ЬĸһɵҪȥģʱ䶼쵽ˣ 

Ҹ峤˵ȥŪЩߴųҪףȫھ͹ˡ׿˿ĽŸҲĸһ۾ȥ 

ȥıӰĸһæµŪĶﻹͣ߶߶ƽһ첻Լ֣ʵ˭Ұ⺢ӡòˣ˴Ұһ۵ʱ䡣˵ҰˣǰשͷԼĽţû׼һҰ⺢ө˵ҲǣҰһ߾꣬Ȼ֪ȥѧϰȥɴ£ҵĺӵǣҰҲܰȵĻҪȥμʲףġ 

ĸ׷·ûֹ߶ҲһЦ 

ҰûѪԵϵѾȫ˷ҵˣһҶԣǲɻȱĴڡ 

졭 

Ҷˣ⼸Ҳ 

Ұ춻ˡ 

һֱȺܹˡ 


ΪӭҰĻְѧУһ١ 

ȷҰһһε绰һǰ˵ˡ 

ǶãԴɲǵá 

Ұÿһγı֣ŵ 

ΪҵĽ˵ΪҵĽ 

ˣңסһû޵ĳŵ 

꣬һ䡰ҡҵ 

³ŵԶԶҲǸȷʱ䡣 

Զ׶Զû˶˲䣬ҲبŲĳá 

ΨһܹȷǣҵԶҰ뿪 

춾ٰˣԶĳŵͿֹ 

Ϊֵܻһ죬ֻȻ 

һĳˣһʲ᣿ 

ڴϺ˼룬Ҳ˯͸¹ҿʱ䣬Ѿҹʮࡣ̾Ϣ´ 

ٻ˯ҰҲ 

֪ˣ˯ˣΪ˷ܣһ㲻ȷĲɣǷʶҰ 

꣬ӲһǸĸԼκƬ 

꣬ǸˬʵĴкʲģһɫ˰ɡ 

дԶҹУǿڴͷĴϡɼһת˼·߳⡣ 

ҹĴׯԡɴ¹£ĺҹУǰĽŲÿһĴÿһ䡣 

ƺҵĽŲĳˣߵĵطǱֹͣУ߹ĽŲ 

ԶżһУΪҹ˷ݺڰĹϢ 

ͻȻСʱҹܵݶⳡϳˣҲڳˣĴ˾ƭ˵Ĺ¡ 

еЦǵʱŵһӣڵգҲܲʲᶫͻȻҵǰ 

룬Ѿ߽ҾͿһںӰֱվ¡ 



26 

ǰɣ 

ҲԲۣðʲ᲻ɾĶҲð 

˵ûֶ᣿ǰʲᶫ 

ôҲһʦֲѧʵȫӦţǰȥҿǺӰʲġ 

ģһֱ룬ҵĽšҵĽŲܿƿʼˣʶһתȻᣬһǿҵҵԺ 

ҪҵСҲܷ⽨ʱЩ⽨Źݱܺߡ˭Сʱ򣬴û¾ͰǽЩֹ¡ʶȻ֪ûЩɾĶϡ 

ҿʼߣñʱٶؽ뿪ʱ˵ء 

תӲûͱʲͻȻס㤵ĺʱܱҵȫһ˲ҵȫ˼Ƥ񣬡ұŵңμٵĴϢ֮ᣬҲžһԤʼŵĵһӦУ 

ſڣҵͷ㱻һһߣͬʱһůռҵĴ 

ҶʱŵӭϰҵĿǻԵŪҿǻÿһط 

ðΣҲŻعŪҴĻ˱Ҹеǻһ顣ҵ΢΢ΪϤ¶ȣΪϤİԵΪסҵ 

ؿһů⣬֣ҽԱҸ߳˵Ĳӣɬӭ 

֪ҵĻӦסҵ˫ָս·Ҫһסҿǻͷ̽룬Ѱ 

þúþãõʧȥǵʹͷųҵ۾类ŨҵѬҲߣֻסҵĻС 

ûй˼Щҽ֣סǰ춣½׵Ĺâ£ҿģ۽һʪ΢΢ſʵؽѾõ˶ҰҰ 

¹£ݷǷůЦס֣һᣬ˵һˣơ 

Ըʧȥκλᣬ¹̰Ŀһֱǹɼһֱе᲻ܿƵ¡ 

ҰҰӭ˵ȫʵҲܰѻ˵ 

΢΢üҲסᣬϧȥﲻ૵ǣ겻ѾᰮˣǿɲУޱұỹܡŶԣȻǳŶ 

ʲ 

ҿЦõĸһȭ߸߾֣ϡ 


ҰɻҹϻģתصʱѾҹ·ͷǿôʱͻȻȥһû뵽һ֡ 

ʱԼҲͻȻ뿴һŻҹģұΪɺϾ 

ûʲֵġѾߵµïܵҶҹ紵֦͵ɳɳһеϢҰһǼҵ飬ַϣ˵Ե֣ǵԵ֡ 

Ե֣ϸ仰 

ǵ˵ģ춴Ĺ᣿ҰͻȻҡ 

ǵáҵͷСʱܵˣʱҸҰĴҵǸһĹ¡ǸʱҰˣһ·ʲ顣 

Ұ˫ַϣۣ˵˵ʲᶫ¶һ˵ǵİš 


ſۣңһЦ⣺ƣһҪ˵ʲ᣿ 

ҵܣ˵ҵĽŲѾҰȥѧڴϡ 

۾ߵңհ죬ģ 

۵ҡҶɳɳҾ˼ϸɳɳҶ߻ģҶɳɳǷĴУԼĩУߵ˵ĩ 

Уʲģϸ΢ģȫעȥ춣˩ 

ſۣվߵˣ¶ЦԺǾӯȴĵĻ 

Զ㡣 

΢Ц˵ 

ˡһش𣬡Զ㡣 

ԡ߽ңҵԶ㡣 

ǺϵĴ䡣 



27 

ڶһ磬͵ĸһ߳ҰʱеĶžžȫˣԲ۾ָҰãΪסЦӯӯҰʱĸȴһͷס 

űߵҸҰһĪ۾ʹ˳ĸ״µͷӣҰ˩Ұ˩ 

ģ״ȻһҵƹƹҰ˩죬죬ҿȥ 

һһЦҰһ¡ 

͸˵ʱĸķӦأ 

ֲ궼ϵб 

룬شһӵıøûԼĸǣң 

ӾǸĸ䱦Ȼ˲ɵԶ鳲뿪ÿһ죬ǣҾͶѻĻϢûʲܹ˷İԽ۰ӵĸĸԽǻźڵշɣȻǣҵĿȥӰЦ 

ĸҰĸˣ˼ͲϵۻļˣǺεȿϲ 

ܿ죬ĸ׸һ·һЬϵĸܳ⣬һҰһ۾⣬ĸһվҰǰʱ׶ʱٸнһʱ䲻֪˵ʲᡣ 

ͷһμµĸ˼ģĸףѾۿ 

ʱҲŷԭ᳤һʱ䣬˼硣 


磬ѶĴӵĸѾҼҵԺӼýʵûɶôȻ 

ȥΧȺеҰЦݿػشѯʵһһ⡣ 

ҰּȺҲһ۾ͱҳˡ 

ЦݵâһΧ˳羴ο̾Ŀ⡣ 

ʱ⣬ĥΪһصĴˣǰڳվʱǴкѾģϬĿ⡣ 

עĿĸı䡣 

ͻȻһźϮҵ壬ϴȥһС֡ƣصڴϣӡ 

죬һû˯ҸҰڴһҹҽڻУ·Ψһ㡣 

˺ö࣬Ӵǰδǵˡ 

ĵʲᣬǽһһֱ䣬ˣǵ±˴˽ڣǵһƺǵһ֮Ƽ 

һһǣǵ찵أǵΪҪңֻǸıסңȵϢҷ̵Ĳϣһ˿˿ʧ 

Ұͷͷû뵽ҾȻҪҰң 

뷨һҾ͸еҵ˱仯Һ£˫ţѹ¼¶ 

ɶҺݺݵȭǽڣ̳ʹջ 

ɶɶ 

ֻĵײͣΪԼΪȫûµҰ 


ȻԤУҰÿ춼ȥ°ʱͲ֪һ 

ÿһ죬Ǵ峤ҰԺȥʲỶӭᣬǴУҰȥڿΣȻǴĴҰڴϷһ³ѧĸ롭 

ˣҰʲᰡ 

û¸ɵֻܱſɹֻ̫һڵļ٣ҪȥѧУϿˣҰԴӻûһҵġ 

ΪֳһûʲʸΪˡ 

ÿҰŻǸʱѾſڴϲ֪˯ˡ 

ȻżʱҰӵסҶߣΪûһš 

ұһ͸Ұ˵һȥߵģû뵽Ÿ𴲣ֱ֧߰ȥˡ 

ǰһûֻſɹ̫ 

ĸ׶ϴˮһ߶ѽòݸ٣ȴһ쵽ҵûôҲʮˣҰӡ 

ҷװ˯ 

⺢ǡĸεĻҵᴫû˵ȥ 

ĸȥĽŲſַۣһεգãֵһ̾ 



28 

̵ǣڶҪѧУʱҰʱ䣬ϧʱ䣬ֻһȥְѧУ 

˵Ҫʦʱ;ʺءڳѧУ·ϣȥѧУҰЦ˵ 

ׯְѧУһξ룬غܲ㣬ұסѧУְԱȥˡ 

ʦְҵûʲᾺֲʲı䶯ʺϰ㡣Ұ˵ 

һֱĬʱſҰأʲ᣿ 

ҰˣҪһǺҵĴ°ɣ 

ңҰһƹâһţԼҪʲˣ 

ʲ᣿ 

Ͳˡ֧°ͣЦңֻҪ֪һжģУҰ¾Ϳˡ 

һһۣ컯֮£ǵΧˣȻܹ̹ȻİĻ˵کҰ᣿ԸĲ˵Ŀ⡣ 

ҵѧУҵĵһϵҰڶŻȥ 

ȻǸǶֻǱһǶѣû롣 

ҰΪЩ⣬ǵ˵ܿµĩһˣΪʲᶼûжһأ 

ǲǣҵѾ˩ 

ˣ÷ţǣΪ·յң 


˵ùͻѧУҵҰһڶû 

еֵҴ绰ȥʱ֪Ұǰ뿪ȥңԶģǸȫĳС 

Ϊʲ᣿ҵʱеţ֪Ұǻ뿪ȥҲ̫˰ɡ 

ǱߵĹʲɣĸòȷش 

ǱߵĹ󲻽⡣ 

Ұ˵ڹʱ͸ڵʲṫ˾ǩԼһصھҪҹ˾Ǽҹ˾˵ҪһʱžۣͻȻʲ£ҪҰȥɣҰҲû취ֻȥˡ 

ԭһͬʱеȻҰæ˵һټ 

ʧĹϵ绰Ͽʱ˲ٲ̨µѧһһЦȴûᡣ 

ʧǣҰȥԶһֱûиҴ绰Ҳûи绰 

ȻһֱοΪ˵ŵĸĸףұǸ 

Ұ㵽ʲ᣿ʲᣬٴ绰 

֪ҰʲԭҶԹԹʲᶼҩ˵˹ϵѵʲ¶ң᳤ʱֲ飬Ӧ 

ҴϿΣұ÷ѧսսУȥ̸ 

һҸˣȫ 

ҰҾԲ׾ԭ㣡 

¶ġ 


Ȼ˵ҺҰҲ֤ҺҰԵһ绰ʱµǸʲɵˡ 

ûкѼ䣬Ұһھ͸ңҴȥڵĹȥǱ 

Ϊʲ᣿Ҳ⡣ 

ѵ㲻һ𣿡ʡ 

Ҳ룬ش𣺡밡 

Ǿˡ 

ǡ 

ûʲǵģҰһõĹСطԶҲѧʲᡣ 

ҲҪѧʲᣬֻһȵĻѡĬĬ 

Ұѵûиõİ취𣿡ѧУ꣬Ѿϰˡ 

õİ취ҰЦѲ˾ȥ㣬˾ңȥʱ˷Ǯİ취֪Ҹտʼղʱȥ㣬ΪһʦܷѧͷܹĻһͼ档 


ܹˣơ꣬Ѿܹ͵֪ڹкüβ̲סܻȥ㡣ҪǴӦ㣬ĻһлȥڣͬһƬأΪʲỹۣǽҲգһŬΪĽѵͲΪ˳ŵһ𣿡 

Ȼ޷Ļ 

ᣬơɣǲҪٷֿˣòã 

ҴûоܾҰҲ뷴һΣȻڵĹᣬһǴӦҰ 

Ӧȥ 

Ҳ֪ҰΪ˵ҸһȥǱߵġ 

ֻû뵽ְĹ˾;£òǰع˾ֱ鴦䣬ܹˣŴ绰ҡ 



29 

ѧУְᣬ绰¸˸ĸĸᷴԣû뵽ǾȻ޳Ұľ 

⵱ȻǺһСطһӶгϢҰ㣬Ƿһٶʮģ 

Ұʱ򽻸˸ĸһŴۣĿʱĸˡ 

֪ҰڹʱǮϲ֣û뵽ҰȻгϢһǮҰüʱˣҵĻǵһӵʦҲܻ浽 

һʼĸܾҰǮҰԼɴãҰҪǣ˵һ⣬лĸ֮лĸůһҡ 

Ұ˵¶ĸҲͲپܾ۽οҰǵĴۡ 

ǸʱܹоĸҰĳɫɹϲԺ 

ȻҰԶ˵뷨ǺپܾοҰһ֤ĽֻкûлҰľҵȥȻҲᷴԣǼţҰһûϢĸǰ;׵ġ 

ĸ˵ˣҲʲˣҲҰһ𡭡ʹ˴еķʺңΪҰֻŬȥӦˡ 


Ϊ˳ģҵݽְŲһھ͵õ 

һõϢҾʹ绰ҰҰҪġ 

ᣬ̫ˣҰԵúܸˡǸʱȻ£ݲݸ˼͹˵绰 

򵥵ʰһЩҵĶᣬҰķԸؼİš 

ģصĵڶҾյҰؿרݼĻģȥߵķɻƱ 

ٶ찡ʱҲ֪ǸÿЦһжٶȡ 

˷ɻƱϵޣǵڶ磬ȻҲ㲻ڼൣ飬ĸ׵İæװЩ·õĶ 

ҰضǱ߿򣬴Ϸɻ㡣ҵʰĸ׷ҪҴļƵһЩʳƷװдһװСǮ֮ණĿ 

ڶ죬ĸһͬҳţתȥĳվĸ׻ؼң׼ϳĻ 

ҸױϾͷһصϷɻĹŪЩС 

Żŵڷɻǰ˷ɻһԼλãʵһ˷ɻ鷳ˡ 

ƱҪʲǻƣҪˣҪͨ졭 

Ҹ׵ʱæһŰΪ˲Ϸɻʱ䣬ټĻҸСȥģеЦأ 


ʵϢƬᣬҲ۲ΧĻ 

֪ɻϵúܲһûȻ߼ 

ƤӣĻûгӵӵǰһСưɵĮ̇ 

ǰɣԭɻܵİֲ÷ɻƱ 

Ҳĵզࡣ 

֪ǲǲҼԭ߲֪ڿʲ鼮˲ɵðƵϣĿ͸¶һݺ档 

ע⵽ߣòЦЦ 

һɻעҺһᣬʡ 

šЦͷ 

ֲáһȻ 

ɦɦͷ˵һͷһȥصأ 

ӵᡭ 

ף 

ӲŲͷȲءһ£ӶֵҲͷȲա 

ͷȲգüͷܹᣬһ᣿ 

һˣƱѵ֪Ǯ 

Ʊ˼Ҹҵġҽ͡ 

ԭһȻ 

ԸңλϡָָӣǮ 

üë˵һ֣Ҷʱȫֽűĵϡ 

һĿҵķӦ 

֪ܲƱҪҲԻ˵λð 

ӳ׷ССϣ֮⣬ҲܻҪǮˡ 

ҽסһ 

״ЦοңЩƱ˼ҸģĲԼǮͿˡ 

˵Ǯλãһȵġ 

ͳϮ˸ĸڼƢԵҶԻҪǮ飬һҲϲ 

Ȼˣ˵ʲᶼûãɡ 

˵ҰĻƱ˵ںЩǮģܣЩǮҵʦʱʮ깤ʩ 

УҰø˵һ£Բ˷ѵˣǮҲӻģ 


ڷɻϣλ֣ӸҲ£Ʃϵȫɻʱþ׽һЩȻʹͷʲġ 

СʱദҸȻһ̸֪֮ǶҪȥǸоӪһС˾ǵҵļȥ̸һġ 

˷ɻһƬ˵˿ȥȻ뿪ˡ 

Ұ˵æң˽ң˻ֵȥ̸ͿˣҵҰסĵطȥġ 

ȻһҾͿ˾дֵڲԶ΢΢һЦǸȥ 



30 

߹ȥӵԵĴ¡ 

ҳЦЦ˳һݰ׾˹˹ĵӣ޿۾ԵЩ۾Ĺâ˵ʱ˼ȫȥ͸С 

Ƿĸ磿̧̧»۾ 

ԡͷҾǷҰĸ硣 

ַӦ֣ΪҸҰѹر 

Ҫǳ񩤩ǲй 

һҲ񡣡 

˶˵ҲҸҰûѪԵϵ 

Ҳû˵ȥһᣬʣǣû 

аһشһֱ֣߿տҲĸоһ㶣ףˣҵ˩ 

عҴһΧע⡣ 

ҵΪֵĿһۣȻЩŵҡҡͷҲ˼ĳһЦ 

ǲǾҸҰܴû취һӡҰ˵Ժģٺ١ 

šӺ³һȻ˵ȥȡɡ 

ŶҵͷȻվԭһ 

ɻĿңɦɦͷ˼ǸȥҪ 


ҵ˵İº˳ȡᣬұһһСĽڰһ˵ᡣ 

Ҫȥģ׷һֱ·ˣʡ 

ȥסЩ룬ǵÿһЩ°߷ĻġҴҵԭɡ 

ֱҪ첽ߵٶȣеȴ̲סҰʲϵ᣿ 

ǡ 

Ŷ 

 

ҲǺְλЭĹ𣿡 

ǿ͡ҪģǰĹг̣ΪһЩճǰӡ 

ףĻ˵úܿ죬Ҳûǲ⣬㿴ӦñҰ곤ΪʲҪӣҰǸոս˾ɣӦôӻ𰡡 

ǰ˽Ųһ£Ȼͷң֪ǹ˾ְλʲ𣿡 

֪ҰûңҲûʡ 

ܹ˾Ĳܼࡣҵ͸¶Ұľ塣ÿ˵ҰʱҶϰˡ 

ܼʲģ׾ʣСѧ׵ĵ 


Ѿϰҵ⣬ǰѾپȻҡͷˣһۣǰߡ 

ְܼĽɫλǹɶжݣֱӽ빫˾»ᣬӵжµȨΡ 

ʼ磬˵ЩְλַֻӦ 

ƺҵķӦͣ˽Ųңְ֪Ĺ˾йгĵλγɵӰ𣿡 

ʼ磬ʵش𣺡Ұʲṫ˾ϰ඼֪ 

 

ҵĴ֪ǰ˺Ե޿κζ 

һǹ˾ܵʲܼҰǺ 

 


ϵĳӣҲ֪ĵطʻȥһ·ϣ·ߵľ̾Ϊֹ 

Ժɣ߸ĸ¥ã۵԰װΣ󷽵ĳбݺύȴȻĽͨææµµǡ 

һ·ϣΪҰĳ˺ܶ顣 

ҰڵĹ˾һҹ˾Ұҹ˾ĵλҰΪʲҹ˾ 

ңҰְĹ˾һС족˽ӪҵʱҲſʼ򣬱Ͼҹ˾˶ġ 

һҵҵǮĶʮǰҹ˾Ѿ鼰ȫڹѾʮҷֹ˾ڣгҹ˾ռ˾صĵλ 

춽ŷޱгֻСԷâι滮С 

ڹվ˽Ÿ³һֱ⣬ֻ׬ǮȻʶûб֤ǰֻ̽Եԡ³һֱⷽ˲ţĳ˷ܡڹµľгⷽ˲šΪ÷ǹ˾³˲˼Һ÷Ҳйµ뷨ҪȻǹ˾ܹнĺö 

ǹ˾ҰнˮǶ٣Ҹе档 

СһֱǰʣͷҲصĻش𣺡нʮ򩤩 

Ŷ 

𡣡 

ȡȿȩұԼĿˮǺˣò״ҴɤʣҲİٶ򣿣 

ֻ࣬нˮѣûаѽ֮ȥԷı£ʱ㽱ڿ׬ǧҰɡشʱıƽ۾羴Ĺâ 

ҷҿ촭ˣߩҰǰڹнˮǶ٣ 

ҾͲˡͣ²ż˵˵ڵһࡣ 

Ŷ졭 

ԭҰİȻǰóĺӣԸĸֶʵֱĻҰ 

ҰȻǴĺӡڴʱǾ̸𴻽ķ꣬Ҹ̾ңܹô޵ˣһǳɫ 

ٻҰ˭֪ʲ˻Ұɫĺӣôɰޡ 



31 

ӻҰסĵطԼһͷλһСڵһ߼ԢĶ¥ 

¥ķǹ˾³͸Ұģһ佫ƺ׵ӡ 

˵Ҳզ࣬ǸԺӵӶûأοҰһסδҲЩ˰ɣ 

Ӧõģ÷ﵽǹ˾ϰ࣬³жˣһ飬ǾȻ 

ģҰվңɼĵطƵġҲ档ͬĻԼҲΪǾЩ 

㲻Ƿĸ穤߽ݣͻȻ˵һҲԼ˵԰ɣϸ˿ڣֻҲǣԶҲվ˵ߡ 

˵һҲû 

ȷָ߸ϵص 

ᵱҰģϣҵڵ档 

Ĭ£̧̧»۾֣ˡ 


ȷˣҲҵҰմ״ʡ 

ʼΪѾҰΨһû뵽һ顣 

ʱʱҸеȻʧǵĸ顣 

һһβĳҰ˶ȥ֪᲻˻ķɶ꣬壿 

ҰǻںڰãȻĳΪ֮޷ˣֻɶеһĽѲʬ޴档 

ӱܣֻҰİǵĹϵĵط޿ӣӡ 

˰ˣһ˳Ȼɡ 

Ͼ˭ҲԤⲻδʲᡣ 


Ұסͷһ¾Ǵ绰Ұ˵ҰķԸ 

֪ѾȫִסĵطҰ˵ϻϢһ¾Ұѵ绰˳ 

ȻҰǰӹ绰绰ĶṧشΨΨŵŵ 

δˣְѵ绰һֱעң˵Ҫ˵ټŹҵ绰 

ҰͷҰǣһ٣ 

һӹ绰ҲܶԷûҴ˵ټҹҵ绰ˡ 

˵꣬ҲҰķӦžһֻ 

ûϽӹ绰ǾȵĿңҺǺһЦû£ҾҰ֡ 

ҵĿ⣬ŽӻֻóĹϵܺá 

԰ɡڻش𣬵ʱûע⵽л 

һЩҲ֪ԭҰڹ˾Ǹе˾ȫϽ¡ȻͲ󣬵Ĺͳɫıֺŷϡǹ˾˶ۡ 

ճ֮Ի˵Ǻ˸ҶҰ˵ڹ˾³Ұ֡ 


˵տʼƺ׶ҶֻǸᵱ侳ʱᵽж 

뿪ᣬûҰķԸϢ÷˼ﵽй䡣 

ԼԼΪټĴɫǽɫ͸װΣľذ壬еغɫƤɳ»һźܴıƳë̺ 

һŲţ͸⾻Ĳֵսƿ̨ŷ֣ⲻ̨򵥣̨¾Ȼһ㻨԰ 

λʮ¥¥䷿ӣ£ΪΧûбⴱ¥ߵĽԷܡ 

߻ڣߵǰԿСưɣ鷿һ䣬˯䡣 

ȻַһСݣȥһƣ˷ܵķ־ȻһݶϢҡ 

˷ܲѵľذϣЩ۵գƶһƯĽߣҲ˯ȥ 


ΰѼ䣬ڽңſ۾ԴкһӦڵĵط 

ǰԭϼƽȻ£Ҳ֪˯һʱ䡣 

ƣģǸнлҵҲףڽңңҰ 

ҸϽ¥ȥӦҰ 

һңҰס˸ոߵ¥µҡ 

ˣһҲ㣬Ϊʲˡҵľ磬Ұ̾Ϣ̫ˣˣ֪֪뵽ˡ 

Ƭ̣ӵסҵҰŷҵһЩ룬ʧģɻҡҡңƣˣ 

ò׻عҷԵ̾Ұ㴩Ӻ˧ 

ֱ˧û 

ɫׯصҰ޳ΰӳеȻȣڼʱٴͷ˿̱ᣬҰ˵ȫֳҰԵóأһ˿˵ĪϢ 

ѧʱȣڵǷǳɫֱ˶ʺޡһʱ䣬ˡ 

ҰüȻ΢ЦζҶૣƣİɣ㿴ġ 



32 

Ц˵һķṦΰұ룬˹˾һضˣû뵽٬һû 

ЦסңܻǰԶҰҰ 

סҵ΢΢̧ȵĴḲҵģұ۾ˮǡ 

ûãſңҵľ䣬һûһµ¶ڿеƤȵϢŪҵĲģ̲ס˲ӡ 

˵ˣǳȥԶɡҰҶưҽסҷ˵ܲȻ 

ãڷɻгԹڻǺܶ˼Ʋֻ÷ԹԿĻ 

˵ͻȻһ£ҰΪʲҪĻƱ˷Ǯ֪֪ߣͷȲջòգʡöǮ 

ǺǡҲ֪ľ仰Цһ˵ҰܲӵЦ˳ԭ֪ʲͷȲպ;òհ 

ҰĸСҵһţ 

Ȼλ֣ĸߣĻҰ˵֪Щ 

һŵҰάֱסҵƲ䣬ҸһŶӰ졣 

̧Ұң׬ǮΪ˸㻨ģ㲻̫࣬Ҫʲʲ˵һΪ쵽ġֻҪÿܹƽƽ־ͺá 

Ұеĳؿһɬ˵Ұһᱻ軵ġ 

˵ˣд˴㣡һЦҵĴ 
 

ˣ𵣸ʱˣǻ·ȥԶɡҰ춷ſңǣҵ֣ȥǵķ䣬˳㻻· 

ǵķ䣿ҰĴ¸ӵһȥ䷿᣿ 

ҰعͷһۣΪһҷַ˯д˴㣬Ҿ˰˯ˡ 

ҰİԵǿӲΡ 

ֻסûй˼ɵǺαطֿ˯ҵǣһǣЦ̹Ȼ 

ûɫûţȻֻܸĽŲһһ 

ۿҪ߽һ䷿䣬ҰҰҵڴ·Ҳ棬ҪȰùܻ· 

ˣ֮ǰҾѾ׼·ͷ¹ 

ڹǰһ¹·ҿɵۣö࣡ 

ǺǡЦɱᱧסң˵ûȥ·кε·ļ㣬һʵİɡ 

Ҳ̫˷ѩҵĻҰô£ԸƿʱҵѾŨҵǵ 

Ϊ㣬ҿһССǮҲŲ 

Ұ۾ңߺ޵ǳЦ˵ƻħ 

ҵ߱ҵ걻ݵЦݹҵħԵԻҵһжԼڲ 

ҰҵԸһԭ 

ݰԼǣǰһ޷ˡ 


ȻҰһ˵ЩǮʲᣬҰȥͣҿ˵ÿһ˵ļǮλʱһǼ˺þá 

ȻҰһٷҳԵʵǶģûǲͷʲóԵģ 

ֻҰһʲῨ˷Ҳ֪׻˶ǮٷҰǱϹϾ̬Ⱦ֪֪˻ֱӻ赽֣ 

׼ϯǰҰһ߰վÿջƤУһ˵ΪˣЩõķѾţ㲻ܴȥˡ´θ㣬Ҵȥ 

ʲ᣿´ΣһǱõģ 

ҲȥҲ룬Ҽԡ 

ȻһᷴԵԭʲҰ΢΢üҶ֮飬֮ҲڸϽ˵ҵ˼ԶҲ鷳˷ǮɴɣҰˡ˻ؼʡȥҪ鷳ʡǮ 

գҰüһɣˣ 

̬ȣڼһԾӣٰ︸ĸ񣬱ˣ붼û̹Ρ 

Ұڼʱֻһпգ˼Ҳڼʱĸ߶ûҰТĵԭ֮һ 

ǣҵʦ꣬һסһֱĥһһЩС£춸ӵĲɫҵȻһЩҳСһõóֵġ 

ȻҰ˵ʱһڻش 

˫ֽǰҰЦǺãǵʳһְඣҿǺڴġ 

ŵͦţжûģ 


˵֮ҰͰǮҴҰÿӵʱϰԵжǮĻشһ˵ʲҲҵ̬ȼҰҲûǸһЩֽ 

˵һЩǮһС֮Ϻü֡ 

Ҹյǰ죬Ұϰ˵֮ǰϻ֮ᣬҵȵ˯˯û 

֪жææԭ򼸺Ϊ˱˯ɳϵҵңصķˡ 

ÿԭ˯ڿԼϵķѾһɨգ궼ϴɾźãȴǸݵӰʱҾһᡣ 

ĹæĹæ˶ҡ 

оǣղܰԼ 

֪࣬Լȴֻµشһߡ 

ܰһæͺˡ 

ټӣ׾գſڵذϷȥҲͣԼ԰Ұʲæ 



33 

ֻҪҰߣҶൣģҲǡ 

һΪԼܰգҰԼ鴦׵ˡҵĵʮ죬һ㷢ʲ᲻Ծ屻һȵĻУϵƶӶ 

ĽǾ˯ˡ 

Ұѹ£оˣǸȻ˵Ǹҳˡ 

û¡һЦҰͷһһҵϾϣ⼸㹻ʱϢ 

㲻æˣҷȫѹϵˣҾǵģŪҺ 

ѾæˡΪܹúϢ죬һоŷǱߵгѽŷгķƳ϶»һͨˡѷŽеʵʩ˵˵ʱ䡭˵ˣ֮ʮϢʱ䣬ƣ֪Ҵ᣿ 

ֹͣҲǼŪ̧ͷҰЦ 

ĪģҼһ󷢺ʿˮһشЩǺúϢЩʵ࣬ĩ 

٣ҰЦݱøŨƯıǱ߹һĨаĻȣ룬ȷҪúϢοһƣģ 

ͺúϢЦթУ£ 

̧ϰɴ۶Ұ޳׾ҵ˯£̯ƴһȵҵĸƵǰ 

ҰҵǰʱָЩѹǰеͻһһʶֹж 

ǺǡҰĨаЦݣֻԵͷøҶ˵ᣬ಻ˣǲҲһѼįأ 

ҲûЩҿķǣԲڴ鷢 

˵ҲǼٵģֵʢ͵Ľ׳꣬ҾµڵȴҰҲ֪Σڶڿ㶼ʪĩ 

ҰʱһĸĻյļݣο¹ᣬҰΪҵ̬ҲԾ 

ǩԼҪҰҲãԼҲҪ©˭˵óڰ 


ûУҰüëҵ˵ǣҵȷһǲ˵Ѳء 

ȷɻһֻͻȻûҵĿͷ벻ĵطҰҵһ 

һδüëƿͻȻתֵķֵȶȣǡô 

ҵķӦаЦûмįֻͣ΢Ĵ̧̼ͷ 

ұŪ巢̣շգȴǿҪܣ 

ҵȻҪܡͻȻɿסҳ֣ΪҲ֪һʧ䣬һ̣˫żĴȵѾ̧λѹ 

ҰĴҵĴǰҲ֪νĽһᷴҰռҵĴҵһС 

ҲԵҰûȵͷɨҿǻÿһطҵͷ֮治ٶȣֻҵ˱Уȫơ 

Ҿĳ𽥼٣ҰſʱѾ̱Ļȡ׵Ŀ 

ʶѾģֻʵһЦȻȵĴҵƶһһ˱ҵ򥣬ϣƵǰ 

ǰеĺ㱻һ̼ȫĸй٣Ҳ΢΢£ҰҵøΪȣÿһҰǹĵطȵõķʹ͵ĽŪˣҵݿ 

֪ûǹⲻᣬҰȻԼԸŪҵ壬ĴŪҲ֪ʱѾ̹Ȼǰһʪա 


ҰȵĴѾƵҸҵĶʱɵСĶڣĸ׹ѪԾҸеĵط£ȫһ鴤˫ŽסҰ˫żĴȡ㾷εĸоͷֺǲܿƵķֿޡ 

Ϊһᱻ޵Ŀг鵽ʱҰƿͷµľٶľ 

ӱŪֻʣµ΢ʶҽӣҰ㡢ûʲģյĸо 

΢̧Ұ¶һĨЦʲ᣿˿ĵƣԶķ·ԵصףȻ鰡 

һٿҵ˯㣬ڿҲӴ˽٣һˡ 

ҰȻһһʶѣҷӣҰµҰرһԤҪ鷢չȥ֮⼸ù 

Ҳû˳٣㱻ҰסˣʩӭѹڴϣȵϢҵĶߣƣѾˣڻʱΪ˲Լʧأ̵֪ö࣬ҪȻһһ˴ҷɣǱҲ˵ùȥΪܹ㹻ʱ䩤ǣҿƴĹز׬ʮϢʱة˵ʲᶼӦ˷ѣúܲǣ˵𣿡 

Ҿ֪ҵԤû 

ŲǣҰſңҪԸұ֤һڲ´ˣ 

Ұֲֵ˳ҵĹɼ䣬ûβķ϶䣬òκζĶΧѹ 

ſġҲ֪ʲᴥҰұᴫΪˣΪҵ壬սս΢΢ҲΪҲڴҿռѾõĵõ֮ᣬһſġ 



34 

Ұ˵˵ˣʲϡ 

˵˻һ²˴û뵽îˡ 

ȫ̱ſڴϣȫûһƣʹرǽҰǸطʹܡ 

죬ҼǴڴϵģ˱Ҫ⣬Ұǿ϶´ġ´ûҰæվվֱ 

Ұ޶ѾƣߣǰƵģҲԡڣÿÿԣҰﲻͣȡ 

һһԣʼٸѾڴϣҷķ˸ǣ崫ʹҲ 

ʶҪϲû˰æǾ͵Լȥ 

ҰȻǸס 

ˣǡóִԡ۵Ұ˫ʳʳڴͷϣ˴ߡ 

һֱᣬŤͷ 

ǣˣЦˣˣпԭˣͻÿҪ˩ 

תͷҼŲ㣡ҾͲڹ񡣡 

˻ţҰˣһкܶ׷ɣһͬɫˡ 
 

ò㷢гɫѡҰܵסջ 

ңģҰһҶ 

װһģ˼˵⣬ڹ׷ҵ˻治٣ŮСһЩһҪҵ˸ҷϵأţлһŮΪҷһҹ飬ȦҺ´ҩ 

ˣϵˣ˵ҹ˲ʲʹʹˣקסҰ½ 

ûлشҰңʣҸǸŮˣ 

Ҳ룬ظһ 

Ұٿۣ˵ң 

Ϊʲ᲻һҺëˣȴǿܡ 

ҰȻסңĳ̶ȼҵ۶ϣ̧ҵҲòֱ۾һһֵ˵ƣ뷨ҪУȻһᷢġСеҪԣΪҿԲһеġҪ㱳ңһɱ㣬һһڵȫ¶ǣȻɱ 


ҰףһʿˮĽҰ 

÷·Ҫʳ븹Ŀ⿴ƬᣬͻȻЦˣƭĶ£Ұ㶼أơ 

㩤㱻ָԭʵһղӣ浽·˵һһ 

һᣬ˾ʷŵ飬˫ֻļ磬һ׺ݵҰһתҵע㻹ûش㵽ûкЩҩǸŮ 

ô˵ҵıǼ⣬һԸĻش𣺡ҲҷҰʲˣĻɵȦס 

˼ûиǸŮϵඣ˵һֱĲźùЩ 

Ȼûඣ㣬Ҷ˶ûԡȤЦҵľ䣬һϸǡ 

ֿЦˣҸһֱһ£Ұϲ 

ҾǵĶһ٣Ұİͷҵļϣƣɲ羰 

ҲŲߴٵұþˣ 

úúãҵ״ˣһ̾һߵĴΪҹᣬҰұ 

ҷߵǰʱָʹ 

üĴûĩ 

Ȼ岻Ǻ黹Ǻװ쵽ġ 

Ҷ 

úúáûֻܹԹҷȷץ˲ɿסҵ֡ 

˵ģƣҲûҪԼҰ㲻Ǹ㩤 

ͬϵŹ˲⡣ 

ǱҵľٶŵˣͻȻò˵ͶΣŶʳ˾Ͳóˡ 

⴫ҵĻشǳĥɳվӰͷ 


ʮʱܿ͹ˣʮǹ˾˾˯ҰʮϢ֮ᣬֿʼϰˣİɣΪϾŵţϰ˵Żصҡ 

ңʮӰҺüϰʱ䡣 

ԭδʲᣬʮ֮ǰҰճңͻȻæһ춼Ӱż绰ң֮ᣬֻҵļį 

ټֻһˣȽӰ豸˿ҵȤοЩȥûû˵İʵڲһ˻ϲġ 

йģڼ´˽ᣬҿʼҹ뷨 

ǵҰ˵ҹæµصƣģҾͲ鷳ˡ 

ˣһˣһݹѣҾͲԼҲ 

˵ж 

һ·˼Կ֮ᣬҾͳš 

ЩȵҵԼĹٸӡݣȥʽԡ 

죬ȹ俴ʲҽҺҵĹ°ϻ 

ҪûڰҸҰ͵顣 



35 

һջСŲ죬ҾͱһѵƸ档 

ƸʲְλҲУʺңҲûмɸѡƸϵҪʣµľ޼ļֹѡ 

ȥԵƸϴǺţڲ輸ϣ˿ʱ䣬Ǹ͵ʱˡ 

СгҸҰסĵطܽ¥תС͵ˡҪرЩгȥˣҪЩСûĶ 

Ǯʡӣһסʱ˶ʡëǮҶƽϣ˷ּۻۡĥĥƤӶɣΪȫǸ߼סլгʳƷȻʲ޹ȾɫʳƷװðװڿϰ۵ġ䣬ǼǮ 

ҲûӣСλнҪȥһβ˾͵תüγСЩ޹ʳƷ 

г䲻󣬵ȫһ˹Ҳ㻨˵ʱ䣬ȴûѡüˡе̫ҲеҲϲԣеҰϲԣеҸҰϲԵҲ֪˾Խ顣 

Լӣֻһˣެѩ̾ϢһгҲаСʱˣȻֻѡЩ 

һ̾ϢһͷüȡһضϣһɳǩͿˡɳһˣֻҸҰ˳ԣЩ͹ˡ 


ѡòᣬǫ̃һ㣬ʮ߿ë 

Ұ࣬ÿڸǮʱҶ᲻Ծûӣͼ˶ѾȻ˲ʮǮ 

ۻԱĻ߳гһһ߳ԼĶʮ߿ëأһëʮ˿飬һëͶʮ顭 

һ߶һߣ¥ʱһͣǰ 

ҺɵĿɫĽγüۣܸоʲطһֱ˾³ʱҲŶԭǵҰʱ 

һδüʺãһҲ˳Ұ 

ԭϹȥҰŵģҰȴˣǼ֮ż³ģһ³ͳ 

ơվҵǰվĶҰʣͣ 

ûŤͷʺãþòҰ 

ƺû뵽һԵЩң̧̧۾Żش𣺡ܼൽ˾̸һЩԼ飬ʱ·ֱܼˡ 

ܼࣿ͵˵Ұȴͬʱ᲻ҰˡǲΪҰڵԭ 

ежҵͷһÿҰӹϵʳƷĶʲҰֱüͷƣ㶫 

ǲˣ㹻ˡشͻȻҶ˵ҪҪһͣĻǵټӼ˲Щ 

ˣһҡͷ 

øǿΪڸǿ˵ϾֻҸҰ˶ѣԷЩءԵĻһЩ 

ˣҡһøϻȥϡϡһݱ棬ԣϱ棡˵գҰ˵ټᣬϳˡ 

ﰡֲˡŵķӦҸоֵֹġ 

ʱһʱҺӵҰſڵ㵱ȻΪڣҿ˾ʳĸ룬Ҫȥܶײ˾ҳԼֵͥͣȥ᣿ 

ҡͷֲģ˵ҲȥҪȥˣǶٷҲԲ¡ 

ȻҲ˵գҰ˵ҵĶͷѽ֮ǰҲҪ˼ҵĸܰ 
ѵöԣûз 


ҿҰϵĴൽԼϣȻʣƣҪҪȥһЩ˰Щĺ١ 

Ҳ˰ˡҾܾ˵꣬Ҿ¥ȥ 

Ұ̸Ȼ㶼˵ˣǺðɩһС棬ʵѵһģᣬҶûһֹ 

ҺЦĿһۣڵҰҪǳԵĺû 

Ϊֹ˵ȥǣסһֻ֩Ҫԭ¥û 

ȻҶĿ⣬Ц˵Ұһ֣㲻һ͸ú𣿡 

ҷ˵Ҫ춣ҴҰ۾ֱ飬һ֪뵽ʲȤˡ 

ҰһЦƣû뵽ԭģǺǣ㶼ˣҵȻ 

ҵɴۣҰ˵ʲᣬʲ᣿ѵǲ˵ͬһ᣿ 

ټ˵ȥһᣬסҵֵҰৡһѰ˵ݡ 

жʶķûסְסŲϣҰܿͳҵ֡ 

ƣİɣԻһϵġҰȵҵĶҺëһȫ 

ҰҪҿ־Ľкʧڹϵĵ 



36 

ʵһֻ֤ҪҰҪ飬ûġ 

Ҿһʹӡ 

Ұһֱ˵鷢չӵģҼϣҿԶ췢ģҵ˵ЩҰͣûаԼȥҰ͵˼ 

ĵֿҲû޸Ȼ˵ƣջ˰˵ջеͦҵ婤 

ֹס˿޵ĳ嶯ᡭ 

ҵ屻Ұ֪ƵһڣڶʱһʹҵԵļʧȥ˸о 

Ұһҹĵĺ˿ָɬɳ 

ʱ䣬ѾʮˣҰѾϰ࣬ſڴϵұ㲻˺ĸɬɤӴҲֻʱҲܾ˵һ 

Ұûġˡ¹ޡΪǡKԴĹΡǿȨ 

ǵʦˣ˶ıġ 

䲻ᴫವһ֮µһ 


ľŤͷһǸħվʱٿػعͷû 

ƫƫҳ⣬оһݣ֪ǸħˣҪҪˮ 

һشƵġ 

ڿʣˮƽⰡŤͷ 

ǺЦ쳤ҵͷࣺ㻹ˣҷĶˡ 

קס˦ֶԴСӵΪΪ󣺡㺦ģ˼˵ 

ǣҵĴҺġˬĵǸ 

ҾҲûˣб۾ʣʮỹûϰࣿ 

ɫ˵˾ʱûʲˣЩȥ£ҡ 

ʲ᣿ 

ûش𣬷ʣƣҿڲ輸ϵְˣҪȥ 

ޣ㲻˵ҲˡʣҲҰ˸ͷ£ 

һƽҰҸұزپҵʦģ⸽ֻһСѧҺȱʦӡȥԱĵط࣬ҵʺĹҲͼѣҴȥԡ 

ΪʲҪԼȥҹҰ΢΢üҲ˵һᰲŵ𣿡 

æҲ뷳㡭 

ѵžͲķ𣿡 

ҰĻһ㶡 

Ի¿˵ƣ˵ҹҾͻֻߣʱӦѡزģҹƭ죿 

ʧЦҰҵСˣ 

Ҳǰ㵱Сѵ֪ڵƭֶжеΪǮʲ취ó˷ʤģ 

˵Ҫĵ΢΢̾Ұ˵ҲûҾǾֱˡ 

õĻҰ¶ЦݣЩ˫ַҵļϣ˵ƣڼһʱ䣬һᰲŸõĹģ᣿ 

룬ҸҰҪ̫ãĲڼ¡ 

ţҴӦ㣡ҵĻԭҰеɫһɨ⡣ 


Ȼ죬Ұ͸һݹһҹ˾顣ϵҵҶȻһݵӦֵĹңǺܲġ 

ֻǣҹĹ˾ҲҰĵط 

˵иڹ˾˾ĵܵܣӦúܸ˲Ŷԡ֪ʱһٷԡ 

ǰҰͬУʱֿͷ£Ȼһ֪Ұڹ˾˼ʹϵΣҰʱ־ηɫҿ϶ҵҹ˾֪ҰĸᣬһΧ뷽跨õӽҰ 

ڵҰƹܹ˾ɱȨ쵼˰ĽҰˣҲҰǨˣʱҪԵľͲֻǰҰĽ߶ˡ 

Ļص̳ҪһܸҰ˺пܻٲ֮ء 

Ұ˵ᣬҰЦаСʱ֮ãƽҾٿС˵ƫ찡ٲ 

Цûҵ 

شǼЦЦòֹͣʱ۽ǾȻЦỨ 

ҳϳྫµҰЦ滨Ҳ۽ǻӨʱģῴ캵ҳ֮⻹գȻѵһ 

ҰҲû˵ʲᣬȻȥϰĹ˾Ҳ̵ýĿ˵ĸĿǰֻг֪ĸѣѡ 

룬ֻͬ⣬Ϊ֪ܾҰ뷽跨ҴӦһ 

ң˲ڹ˾ﲻǵĹϵѾʵѵãѧУʱҵܵܵԾӣĶԹճҡ 

Ҳ˵һҲʶҵϰĹ˾ļʲԭʱȻش𣺡ΪǾͿһ° 

У 



37 

һйȻ˳ҰźᣬڳĴһ·롰족ܹ˾İ칫¥ڡ 

ҿ϶ҵĴҿÿһҸյܱߵעӡ 

ÿһкʺãĵһһӦ߽ݣֻʱҲźʣЩ㶼ʶ 

ܣһ·ӽϰˣȫʶռʱҾ;óǸˣڽ˹˾ᣬϬģһԣ쵼緶ˣȻֻҰ֣ 

ΪʲкǸеλˣ 

һ̧ۣ۾Żش𣺡еλֻܼ࣬մĹ⡣ 

Ҵ˵ĵͷҪȥ 

²ػش𣬡²Ҿ뿪Ȼ²춾㵽Ĺλ 

Ŷֻܵͷ 

֪ǲҵĴҸоңֻǿҰķϲŻҡ 

һֱﲻʵģֻ˵ĵݣһֱҸ𿪿ڵҲտ֮ʵйơ 

ֻҸѣǣû뵽Ȼﻰ˵˳ǸǲǾǸҵĸ磬סڵܼܵңҪܵܰš 

ǲĿһۣƺû뵽һʣյúܿ죬ָֻƽס 

ĬĬȵףΪĬĬϡ 

֮ԾܾҰ鲻ϰһԭ򣬾 

ûܹܱ֪ҰϰĿ⡣ 

ϵʾһһڵЩ㯵̧ͷҪҪŴʱֱӰ¥ӻȥ 

ҿͻȻˣ̧̧»۾˵òݹ 

Ҵͷĵθˡ 

ûദ֪ܼĸ磬멤Ӧܹʤݹġ 

Ҿȵ̧ͷĿֻһƽĳϺЦݡ 

ܹݹģ԰ɣ 

ֱĵͷ 

ţһúùģ 

ûҰֻǸһᣬĻԼ 

ȻѾӦҰȻܸĨڣΪҰΪ˳ⷬһúŬġ 


뿪ᣬѹ֮²춾Ĵǰȥ鲿ݺͰ춾һߴ·һ߼򵥵ĸҽҹʡ 

ȥǣֱ춾˵ʱ̧ͷһһȲϽӲӵ鲿ҡ 

춾ƿţͷʱһ̧ȥ֮İ칫ھȻһƬңΪ¹ڳͬ¾Ȼȫ¹ڲĶᣬʲƶС 

һ춾ûɶڵϴʺãȻæԼĹ 

Ѿϰ˵ģ춾޶ãҾȵı飬ЦЦǾϰ˾ͺãǶܺദġ 

˵գ춾վڴ溰鲿һλͬ£ˡ 

춾Ļһ䶯û׼һû¼ҵģһťɿ˼Ѿᵽһߵ˳˹¿һۣ¶һڵİ֣ӭ鲿ҽ棬ܣϣ﹤죡 

Ѻԭеһ˿ʧЦһſҽзƣָ̡ 

ӦõģӦõģͷ 

Ȼ춾ˣ춾ʣµľͽˣȥæİɡ 

춾գͷãȥæҵˡ 

ټ춾˵ټ֮˰칫ڡ 

һţҴ㵵Ķ˲֪ʱѾΧſڵһˣǵĿ£һʱ䲻֪ᷴӦ 

ȴƬ̣ͻȻ¶ЦݣƣӭΪǵͬ£ 

һһǵΪеȣҵĻӭʱҲ¶Цݡ 

ĵõ˷ʺԼĺùأ 

ֱڣҲԵĸмҰİš 



38 

鲿ĹҪǰ﹫˾׫дġͶšӡļȣһ߸ˣ֮ǰ˸ˣܾ档 

˶иԵĹλҵĵһȻԼĸλʱϤѧϰ׶Ρ 

˺飬ҶҲָ̣ʵֻҪпվͻһһش 

칫֮Իҵԭһæǻ찵أΪܵһһɤתҶѾ˼ԼпʱѾ۵öᣬĻʰ칫ҡ 

ΪûʽеʱǶ࣬ȻȻİ칫ҵҴ֡ 

ۣ鲿ͬǳǹĺܸϣ򲻻Ұǵæ˵ҸǱϾͬ£鷳һܹⲻȥ 

һѺֿҴ֪Ѿݹ 


ϢʱҰĽͣȥ 

˵ͣʱѾվڳң˷ܵسȥȲһݺù 

һңҰ¶Цݣǰվʱ˵һ˵ı飬ݹɣ 

ţͷ鲿ÿ˶ѺãܶҲĵطǶĵĽҩҰǷݺùأлл㣡 

ҿĵı飬ҰЦݸˣ˾ͺá 
 

ţʾȥϳɣȥ͡ 

˳ϳҰҲϳᣬ飺ҰȥԶٺõİɣ͵ףһ£ 

ðҰЦ۾ѵأ 

ҡͷ秵ĵżΪ֮ΪżΪ֮Ϊ 

տ۾ңһֱЦݵҰͻȻǰżΪ֮żΪ֮ƩݹȣллȻ˵ˣұȽжʾл 

ҰĻδ˵꣬ĴĴǶѡƿʱҰסҵԣǡ 

ûзſͷҵĿǻ£ͷӭ 

оÿһʱʱ죬ʱʱص¡˱ǣϵÿһй٣ܿ죬ʶУʱſңҶ֪ 

δΪʹĴҷŻλϣϸĵΪϵ˰ȫ 

ǳɡһҰһЦᣬǰʻȥ 

ſſλϣͻȻʻ⣬ҫ۵۵ұۣòӦſʱѾʻƽĵ· 

ĽֵתͷҰ 

ע⵽ҵĿ⣬ӭ¶һЦ 

ҾþӣͻȻҾȻҸ 

΢΢һЦȫڴ˿̵ҸС 

ƻǰĵ·ΣҸԶ 

ۣҵԺǿϲۼĴԼԼڷĴ֦Ҷҡʱɳɳ 

һһ˵ʲᣬһһ䣬˵ 

ˣ˵кమĹ¡ 

ԶжԶδж೤ֻҪమ𰸾ͻ֡ 

ڴ졣 




У⣩ĩ 

1 

ʲ᣿ 

ǰĵϣãȻ۾գ 

⣬һӵȥȴСԴ 

ܶ˩ܶͬСǽͷڵķ 

¼ĳǰ޽ɵĿˣĳĽʼɡ 

ûһȨΪ 

ĮȻתͷڵһǰ˯һŮˣӦóƺΪĸ׵ŮˣӵпֵȨҪһ 

ĳޡ 

⣬֪ʱֻסģһŮ˴ǰﺢӸ 

ڱĵذϣû꣬ûʶ 

ǸŮֺȾˣȾ֮Ϊקɨһһϴ 

Ů˺۾ΪʲᣬΪʲҪңᰮ㰡ѾΪҵһУΪʲ㻹Ҫң 

һʲŹ飡ΪʲᣬΪ䲻壬ˣȥȥ 

ڸ˵Ǹȴǵ˵ǸˣǸˣ 

ûпޣûкûйâ۾գ嵱ȻʹʶѾԡ 

ҲҪټ㣡ǸŮ˰⣬һ˴š 

һԲĴյĴţѾǵһˣֹһˣỹǻصߡ 

СѡΪĸᣬǻ˰ߡ 

ƵһߣĿûйĿȫȻİһУطǸŮ˲ǰġ 

֪ƽĴׯǸŮ˵ļ硣 

ĵطǸŮȫͬĵط 

ƶصĽŲ·һͷȥ֪Ҫȥģ֪ͬ塣 

ɳ 

ƺʲϸ΢ģһ㡣 

ɳ 

̧ͷѰĵط 

ɳ 

ʲᣬʲ᣿һһĵطȥ 

ǰһӴľʱסˡ 

һһĴңõɳɳ 

·ڶ˵ҵ 

ȥչ֦ſػãȻ 

õʲ᣿ 

£Ǹ̸ʱ˺þáþé 

õʲ᣿ 

̧ͷͷȻգֿػ 

õһԲȱֵĶұĸжȡҩ 

ɳɳ 

ڷİڶ˵ʲᣬĻشˡ 

ٿȻһַֻͷϣȵ̧ͷһ 

ˣ¶Ц̣ɨʹ 

ҪúػŶ 

ڰǰ˵ 

ػסɣҪ뿪 

ҪʲᣬҪ˶ 

㣬Ҳȱ˹ʡ 

Ϊ㣬Ҳ޺ 

ֻҪΪ㣬ʲᶼԸ⡭ 

ҪΪҵĽ 

Ҫ֤˳ɫ 

ҪЩԴ㣡 

סҪ˶лش𩤩 

һΪ㣬Ҷ 

ֻҪ㣬Զߣ֧ҡ 

¹Χ 

ֻкڰӣһʮ·̣ȴκβҪԽɱ 

˭ҪҪǷռһϯ֮أȦԼ 

ںСֵȦأǾпܻʧȥ󲿷 

ԣҪռȻҪ˼ǣҪȡпӮ 

Χ壬Ҳ 

Χ壬峡ÿһÿһСڡ 

ھһ壬һ̶δ壬ܻ壬ܻͷ 

Ķǣлң 

лԾǸŮһͬˣ˵ˣҪΪ˸ۡ 

Ҳǣ˵ϣ 

һˣһȱҪܼ 

ǸΨһܹʹЦݣ飬ĸԡ 

һ۾ͰȺҳ˲ɻȱĴڡ 

רƵģռģԵģһеߡ 

Ҫþеǻ 

ҪˣֻҪǵĴоͿˣеĿ籩꣬е 

кڰȥ 

ҪõģҪҪĩ 

ֻҪԶߣԶ 

ԶԶжԶԶبŲ㡣 

ţţʵԶĳŵ 

أҪΩһ㾡ȥˡ 

ĲһƮҵ㯡 

βܴҵһУҵһԶš 

ЬϵԿףڴͷϵÿ¹· 

һҹ飬ĵĿҪʱˡ 

ͷϵŭգǣ᲻˺ 

ҲϸΪʲһҹ飬ȴ˵ 

죬˯һ˵ļ˯Ĵϣһ𡭡 

ˣҪ˵ֻһᷢ裬һ᲻һ˺Ǹ˩ 

ǣԲЩµţ֪˵ѣΪǿͬʱҲųİЩ£ҪʹֶβŻͷ 

 

˾⣬³Դ绰ˣܲȥ 

ΪֻҪϢһ¾ƽȥˣû뵽·ΪǿҵĲͷʱĳ 

 

뿪ᩤ 

Ϊȱڵ塣 

ʧȥ 

2 

Ұ˵һһȶԷȥĻʣµǸҪ죿 

쵽ˣһ¾ͷ·𲻻ֹͣһء 

·Щ׸ðˣ꣬ʪ飬ûǴĻ裬밮һ 

Ƿ޷ů 

ԭֻĬӵůУͻȻǰ¡èһؿеİ˴ 

Ļջε˼롣 

̺ϸǺãڴĿ£룬΢Цش𣺡£һ 

ҰЩĿЦݱ 

ǹ˵ģ˭ʱͻȻ˵˾ĵĻ 

Ҳˣģʧȥһֵǲܻ˵ġ 

Ҫһ죬ԸΪһҪֱһ룬һҲҪػ 

Ȼᣬ;ȴȥڵһ磬һ 

İ˽סҰһ죬ϣܹ۾Ҫһ뻹Ҫ㣬Ұ㡣 

̲ססȵ壬ȡζ 

Ȼͬ뷨ΪǰԷͬġ 

뿪˲пȥʹ࣬뿪˲óܹ¶ļ尾 

ֹסĵĸжҲֹݸжΪжǰܹջĺ촽 

ǵģʧߣѰҲҲ 

ÿÿо߿ռŵλã˺ѵʹ 

ҹ׾һ߾جεߡ 

־Ϯʹ࣬סԼһһİܹصߩ 

ſ۾žԼجΣľ򴲵һʱİĵĿ 

جˣģů֣亹ʪĶͷ 

һ뻳Уȡĵζ 

Ұĵĵ˵ƣû£ֻһجΡ 

һܿ£ܿµΣУ뿪ˡ 

ƺںʲᣬͷĴӡһǣҰ£һߣԶߣ㣬ػ㡣 

̧ͷ¶΢Цĵ΢Ц 

ѹͷÿҵġȵġǣˡ 

Ұǵѵ΢ĶӣؿС 

ܵƻ鲻Խÿһջĵط 

˱еĵطסɫͻ𣬴̼ģ͵ĲŶ 

ͦȵ壬ĲɥʧңͻȻ룬ܵľΣսխȵĶڽסĲλ 

˰ѳֲסĸܣҵĽ 

û£ҰҿԵġ 

ƺ֪뷨Ǹڲȴú۾˶ 

һҰҰ㡭ҲҪ㡭ҪĽңҪҡ 

۾ֽס 

£˭ܹͣʥҲܩ 

޿̵Ľ˼ʹ塣 

ĽʹӭϿУûĸʱڸӽ˴ˣΨиĽ롢ɩ 

صĺʪĦȫԵĲ嶯ԵĳܣʱĲƣ© 

ûгڰ˻ȵڣܱһĿĳ졣 

ֱ۱סЩɳƵ˵ҰҰ㣬Զ㩤ңԶ뿪㩤 

İ˰Сݺ۰˰ 

ǣס 

һֱΪ˽뿪ڣȻһֱ뾡취µõԼء 

ҪһǾǣʵѾẦ뿪Լˡ 

飬Ѿãİġ 

Ųأ 

Ҫٵһӣ˭Ȼ뿪һ뿪һꡣ 

Ϊ˲һһܵļ尾Ҫʲ鶼׿һΪȵĹػ 

ӵãܿɰɰݺ۸ 

£µɫһ䣬ؽҰ 

¶һЦеɫһЦѹѴߣƣһΰɡ 

ǿ϶ѯŶ 

ҪѿڶĻڿ΢΢šüˣҰһҪϰ࡭ 

İѾҵ˷ݹȻǷƽĹÿ춼߸°࣬Ҳء 

ϰӰġԸǾͲҪ˩Ʃک 

ʧ˳壬ίһҪҪҲҪҡһҲҪ 

 

תɵһߣİ˱ѾסɬصֻһŶ 

ĵ״ʤѹ˰ˣݺݵϱͱǵú׵Ĵʼһµǰࡣ 

ֻһ 

ٺ٣ڰ˵ڶȫʹſڴϷŭĽУͿֹ֪һζǣ 

3 

µһ壬ճ˺塣 

û˲ܻʤ㣬һ㣬ǾΨһơ 

лҵһ壬Ϊڶ֮ᣬսʤĵл֮׶Ϥ㣬һӮ׵ķ 

ϣȻ̧ͷЦ 

֪ϢѾлҵ˴ʱһ亹 

绰лңл֮ףҪʲҲϧֻҪֻҪİల¡ 

ֳʱĬҲ֪ǲһϵĿధ 

лҵˡ绰ͻȻסˡ 

һжˡǣ˺㡭 

 

ң˵ǲģ 

е鶼Ѿˣ 

ԷĬɴؼʣǵҪʲᣬ޹ģҪʲҺˣǧǧҪ˺ 

㡭 

һٺġӲ仰ᣬԷ˵绰ûá 

ŭİһȥ 

ɳϰ񣬲ĥܱԼģԼˣ 

һʱ䣬侲֪ԼԴУ˼£ߵڵذϵֻһЩ˶лҽз 

 

лҼȻҶ֣Ҫ׼ǻĳޡ 

ֻֻ֪ڸոյײԶػſֻ 

뵽л֮׷˵Ļ磬һԼΪ侲Ű½ιλ 

Ұҡ 

˵㣬Ȼ졯Ӧ߹ķ߰УΪ˼س²Ż졯شĴˡ 

Ŀɳϣ˳ⷭһЩ־ϬĿʱʱ̧ڶˡ 

˼س£ɳϵһôӵۣСӴ졯ʧ 

ţûܳʵĵͷ᲻ΪȻĿɨԵһۣǡ졯йϵ©ҵȥ 

𣿡 

㡭÷ָָһеˣһ仰˵ѵá졯© 

ˣ£Ϊ˭ 

ܡƽػش𣬡ҿܽѵá 

ߣƲͷһߣͯļʽҾ͵ 

ҵȻҲҷҰʲˣ 

л 

ᡭ뷴ʲᣬ̧ͷĿĿˣίƵ˵ͣ˵Ҹյģ 

ߣһ춻Ҫ˵İǿˣ 

ֵͷ־˵Ҳûã£Ҳ˵ģҾշᡣ 

ΪԶǷҵˣҰ֣Ψһ֡ 

۾ֱĲɷ־ͻ˵ûֵܵݣǵĹϵȥһ𣿡 

̧ͷĿҪϸܿľȡ 

Цˣһһɲǰ׻ģһ£ùˣù𣿡 

üëҲЦˣش𣺡νῴǵĹϵҲں 

أں𣿡 

Цˣ˵Ƿҵģ˭ҪҴߣҪʬȥةΪһ鷢𣿡 

ϲ 

ֲҪߡ 

ҶԶһҸյ뿪ҡĿᶨƵĹâԣҲգ㲻ҪٷȰˡ 

˴Ŀ⣬ʧɫʡ֪Ѿûˡ 

ǣѵõļھȻȤͷе־һ߶ȥվ֪ȥˣȥ 

ȥܶ硣 

˵ȤٿվֵصܣС浽٣ 

ͷ׵ĲһЦ׶ȥΨһ˵Ŀ⣬ⶼȻʧɫ 

Ȼ˵û˻ⴳ뷲ľ顣 

İɣŵʱܼͦ־õĴսҹ 

׵˵Ļʵ˵ɫɰתడ 

СӡЦԷǿ治֪˭ 

˭˭ 

ӻ֣򿪷ţʲͷһ˱ԵüţӰ 

˻һ仰ڼҲ絽졯ȥתתɣ졯Ҫǰ³ġ 

 

˵꣬ٿһۣȻ˾ϲĿ⣬ÿҲ֪˵顣 

עˡ족ϣ˵ܷ־ֵܷġ 

Ȼȥ֡족飬ǣȥǸĵطҲ 

ڸóһǰ£ɺ塣 

û˭ʤ˭Ǻ壬ˣˡá 

߳䣬ڿҵɳϿӵİˡ 

֣Цվүˣûɣ 

ЦЦ߹ȥ˰˵§뻳͵һǡ 

ҰĵҲʲطүӿ죿 

ЦˣȰҲҪ̫òءΪǽӸǾ 

Ļðȫסˡ 

ĴͣᱧڻӶ˵ľĿ±⡣ 

ҪߵǰʱŻعһ߷ߵİ˵ʲҲϳ 

ʵճᡰ 

ٶ۵İı仯ʱԷļʽ 

ɣһҲ⣬ΪҾͿҪŶǺǣ˼ᣬš顱İ˷Ƹ꣡ 

4 

˵ʵǲģԲŻȥѰеһ룬 

ܹҵԼȫϵһĻʮѵããã˺УֻһԼһ룬Ǹмʮڷ 

֮һ 

ԣеһᣬ 

ҰҪľǣ׽סԶſ 

ֶΣҲҪסеһ룬Ǹȱ 

˵ģõȺܾþ͵õˣ˵ģΪǸҲ 

İҸҲѧݡ 

ݣҸ 

ϣĸײͬĴһֱΪⲻŵ飬ڣÿҪӺĳ 

֪ߵİ˱ţȥ£ȴԼһֱͣȥð˸ŵģסˡ 

˵ģڵĳ棬Ůĸ 

ÿ궼Ϊ׹գ꣬ĲһΪĸѾ֪ǵĹϵ 

һصңĸ׾ҽڰΪǵĸ׸ϳȥˣǽݹ£ȻһֱϿһ仰˵ 

ĸײ˵ǾͲ˵˵ʲᣬҲ֪˶ãõĶǺʱĸײſˣ裬ʲʱ 

ʼģ 

ɵߵ˶һۣᣬشΪѾŵһ仰˵ˡ 

ϴѧǰȥɽʱ򡣡 

ĸ׾ȣˣ 

š 

ǣ˭ȿʼģ 

ң衣ᶨĸףͬһʼʱᶨ˺ֵܵĹϵΪˡ 

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