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߼飺 Ů 1971Ĵʡɽݣɽѧҵɽֹ 
ҪǰŲùĲܷˣһֻƽƽŶӳ󡣿ѱĿȫǡ˲ҹҲܴ죬һòƽƽʵͽĹԱһ򵥵ԸͶ·ֻٴɱĳ 
ǰڶĳɽˮܷɻ֮תˣڶĳӮϴ󣬴Բֵܿ÷ˮԶΪҶ÷ܹŸӣȴԳڶĳΪȻһ볯;ֳԽԽ 
ܷˡ֪ͼĳߡ׿ǧ˶һĶǵİ 
й˳  ۣ19.80Ԫ                                  
01 
ܷҪˣҪػˣɴʱ˿һҲϲǡǡ෴ޱȵĵͳͰͳͰ˶ǰ;ã͵Լδ ɰգ֪ȥ˸ʲôôȥ嵽Ķ˯緹һ뵽Щͳ˽Ǻˡ粻֪ʲôˣее㺦£ʱͷһŷ֣ôڼŹƽʱҪ뿪ееʴӡ 
ȥˣҲ˰װ׵ĸǮˣϵһֱãڲ֪ûˣ㱻۵òѼŪɢǶϰģ޿̺Ͼϵһ㣬ԶڱҲϵˣָǺ˵ԼļŪãҪѴҶϿ磬˵Ҳ뿴˵ˣû̽һμ࣬ˮڶϳӣҲûһΣǰ׵ˣˡⲻǣԼûǴһϣȴһδεģһδεʧֱһ˲ܸ˴ϣƾʲôϲ㣬ǸĸǷޣֵܽãҪ˵ˣǹ¶磬ʲô飬ʲô飬ʲô飬һ֮ʱȥֱˣԼʧȥʧȥ˶ 
ΨһܷеοˣӸˣԴʯһ̽࣬ҪˣҪһŮ˽ˣԺˣԭҲûӣ治֪ӳʲôˡΨжӱܷˣĹ⣬ľҵõеˣǶӸȥȫǿ˼߹ġǣӣܷ˳ÿÿһ뵽Ķ顣 
ܷ߳ţڵعˣֻص˳֮С̧ܷͷ죬˿ǰȥ 
һƬũܷ˴·һͳ߾ǿǸеģһ־ܷͣڰʮǮģ֪ʮǮָõȥҵǮҲ϶ĳˣĳ̫ˣһתȥҲһСľʲôûˡһǧһˣֻʱԽԽǷԽ࣬¹һ򵥵һįֻҪܺͱһΪǾ͹ˣܷϻʲôܶණҪ͵õõģôֻ꣬뿴ű󣬳ɸŻˣҲ˵ҪӣԼߵ죬ɶӵúõܷԹˡ 
˺һʵ߲ˣŲòȥһĳϼװˣƱ˽ǰϵŲŲڳλãܷＷȥˡ 
˳ȥĶءܷͷʹˣһֹޣôӶ0ʼûȥðֺͶԭúõģϣȥգȥҷСҪ嵭һػȥʵҲ̫ѵ£ǣԼ취ԼͶӣֻԭлᲹǡ 
ܿ͵յվܷ˳ֽ˸Ħĵ0 
߽ֱܷԼ۾0ûڵľ󣬵Եôưܵ㣬ɵģܷԼһƬ֮ϣֻĸо 
˵ԶԶһˣֵģܷһ۾ϳЩͬʱҲϳˣкܷ˵˭أԭ㣬Ż 
ܷﺮѽôѽ 
˵ˣ㲻֪ѽɢˣϹˡ 
ܷ˵ʲôɢ 
˵ѽҶ¸ˡ 
ܷﾪˣ˵ܰɣôô˵ɢͽɢˣǴô죬Ұء 
˵㲻รϹ䣬ҳ·ˣҶþûˣรˣҿ˸ݣ˹ȫǻ齫ִˣҴЩ 
ܷйӦõĺõģû˹ 
˵㵽ûô䣬ôƯЩˣ˾ͺãһȥҶһˡ 
ܷ˵ææĸʱ˵˵ߺñ 
ǰʱܷͳãһ齫Ƕˣ˻ҪãƷӮҲ𣬶Ҳ壬ΧõˣʱǼǴҵӣûǼû˴齫ֻ̫ˣŲ꣬ôô˵͵˵ɢɢˡǸʱ0ǣȫĸҵǣ0ߵﲻţƺģǸʱ׷ܷǣϣ޸0ˣ0˫ְһͳһԪʰ齫ĶǶ0 ˣЧ治ôˣҲںǣҶеƺȣеԣڴҾŪҲûˣôڼŴ꣬´ˣֱܷţͻȻӿĸоҪؼҸˡ 
ܷ߽һƾɵģԶ¥¥ұϤţļңİֶҲܷ˿ţˣԼţֲֻǷǵģȥĲˣ취Ǯġ 
ſˣǶ㣬˶סˣܷ￴ͷģŸţһ̬ͲɣﻹǴǰǸŵĶ㣬һϸˡܷ㡣 
㿴ܷȻҲСһּԹĸģе㷴Ӧ૵㣬㡣 
ܷ㲢ûãֻ˵ҿԽ 
㻹ûӦȴһϵʣ˭ѽ 
İ֡ 
ܷ̲סӲߣʶÿ˵ܷ￴߰ģ᲻ӵʲİ֣һСͷشһϵõƾɵľվſ߽ĿͣٶۣܷԺȻһ仰ײĶˣ˵֣һˡ 
ְŷӦ˭ɫþȣɾȱò׽һ˿ãֻ˲ͰȥˣƤ˵ôҶϿˣ㻹ǲҪĺãҵĻЩ 
ܷѪΪԼΪ֣ˣô֪Ϣؾˣûж˼ʲôûץţһСľ޲ˡ˵֣Ժ󲻶ˣһúТ˳ɡ 
˵㲻ҪٻǾллˣ㻹ԼȥԼ·ȥܲ㣬Ҳָʲô 
ܷ˵֣ҲǵģһȥǮúõأʵʵĹӣǸһλɡ 
ͻȻᣬǰٻᣬĹ̿Υӻˣ˵ˣ˵ɣҲ¸ˣҲûˣҲ첻ˣͿһˣǮһСˣ㻹ǲҪΪˣҾˮˮ˵İɣ췢ҲմĹ⣬ֻ㲻ҪǣҾκˡ˵ٲصȥû 
ܷĶ͸ˣԭΪôȥˣֻᵭǰһЩǲԭ˵Ļô̫˽ˣ£ôһ˿˿һĲֺʹһеģʩܿҲҪлģԼܲˣʲôȥܷ벻ô졣 
ܷĶ˵㲻Ҫǣôѣѱˣ㣬㿴ôխ˯Ķ 
ܷ˵ʯסԭǶ 
˵ǵģǱǸԺӣֻֽˡ 
ܷ˵֪ 
˵Сͨ룬иʱԣǶϲ 
ܷҪʯĵ绰룬߳ŵ৵ؾ˳Ȼ뵽ΣǸеίᣬĲ֪ڸĶȥô󣬾Ȼûһĵط뵱ʱѽ񳯸ҪҸʱͶ˶ҲҪԼҪޣ䲴ˣ͸赹ù¥ݵĹսǴվ˺һֹסģԼƽҪȥ־磬ҸطŰɡ 
2 
ܷ߳0аͽȥ˸һͣ£иĦпǰܷһ˺죬һ۾ϳˣ˵Сأ㣬 
ܷǰʯȸֳǣǼңˣܷе㲻ڣ˼ҸкҲкʦҽôַӦЩ£˵Ǯ 
˵Сأ 
ܷǸ˼æ˵㣬㣬ܰ״أҲĦѽʱĦС 
һ߷һ˵ѽûˣֻгĦģˣһͺˣʯղŻմ˽ǡ 
ʯܷе㲻ԼĶ䣬ʵҲĦѽ 
˵ѽҵǮˣǰˡ 
ܷ˵һܵ˶Ǯǡ 
˵ʮõʱʮɡ 
ܷ̾ʯĳ꣬ȽҲĦǮˣ仯Ҳ̫ϺˣЩ䲻ôҲòĶȥôһ΢õЩοЩˣе裬еĹʱģһӣһж೤̣ת˲ţ̫⡣ֻͻȻ˵Ҳˣ 
úƽȣӭŷʦ˵һˣнǣ˵ѻݡ 
ܷ˵Ҫץôء 
˵ҪĦģˣ㲻Ҫ߿˵ҵ֣˵־ˣﵽץĦġ 
ܷ˵ǻܣȷͷܰɡ 
һҪ棬ҪչǾҪͽλǵĵˣнˣפţƣҴ򣬵׷ 
ܷЦģ˵ʦҼǵҲǴѧҵģôûȥҸѽ 
˵ʲôѧҵѽڴѧֶǣʺһ࣬ҲҲƨЩϴѧȲǣûǮûŵֻĦһɣܲڼɽڨ 
ʦţһͽˣҺûϽܷʦǮһԪǮˡܷ벻ȥĶˣ˰һѧһͬѧи£ʵֹǧǮӮǮ˵ǵλҪʷӣͰϵǧǮһõѣǻȣûһ˽һǮûڣΪż˷ӣҺˣֻǲ֪᲻ҪǮҲҶ룬ڵǮ쾭£ֻܴ⼸ǮҲСڹõ绰ϴ˺ü绰ҵ°칫ҵĺ룬ȥˣ˵£ܷ 
绰Ǳ˵ѽѽʲôʱģĶѽ 
ܷ˵Ҿʵָ 
˵һǧǮأҵȫˣֻǧûˡ 
ܷ 
˵ҸطһҰϵ´˹ 
ܷ˵绰»ŻǮЩҲ㶫ˣҲ¶޽ͷˣȥˡܷں͸˵õ̳ſҶ߳Աߵȸ¡һͺ͸¼ˣ˵̫ˣ 
ܷ˵ѽ 
´ӿڴóǧǮݸ˵뻹ˣôء 
ܷӹǮ̾ҺûеǮҪ治֪ôˣ㿴ܲȰҸӡ 
֪ܷϵãʣʯء 
ܷ˵ˡ 
ͬ飬˵ȵҼȥ˷˵ɡ 
ܷ˵£лл㡣 
˵лл㣬һǮǵ꣬ӮǮܰһȥҺóԵģǲˣŵҺóԵģǸʱǣǸʱĽǡ 
ܷ˵ף˵ˣҶˡ 
˵ߴһɣͷߣߣȻؼңǶ˯ɣҷӰɡ 
˳˹صļңܷϴ˸裬óһԼ˴õ·ܷﻻϣ̾ףͺˣȥǵС㣬ŽְʮӦҵĴѧΧңûһһͬ˵ˣƼֵܵŮѣ˰춼ҲʵģǸŮ΢˳۵㣬ҾͰˣԶˣรˣƶǱҲˣרҪʺõģǱŪúãշѴȫЩãҵڹ¶أĶȥеõÿˣǲ¿˸㣬ȥʡ 
ܷû뵽Ⱥ£޾֮·ѽǵģ˵Ҫ¿ʼΪƶΪѣֻн̤ʵصߣŲͻȻһʲôûˣʵڼҲ̫ܵˣ֣ϣַʽ״̬ʵҪҲĶȥöණǻ˿ģȻòͲĻԼϾ·ڶӳˣҪˣøһõĻȶĻúõĳɳ㣬Ӧõġʸ£ƶǸʲôġ 
˵㻹ðɣֲʵˣʺ͵ּˣֳɵţƶˣϣˣƶǰĴֻǻǣʵϰ඼ûŪֻֻİɡ 
ܷ˵ѹҴ绰ʵ֣114ĸ˵֡ 
˵ƶǱߺãʱʶ̫ͣ벻ѽ 
ܷæ˵뷹Զˣʲô£ĺܸл㡣 
˵˵ô࣬ȰԼٺðɣԺлңߣҽ޶ȥ 
ܷ˵˰ɣǸʱͦƤǶӻŮѽ 
˵ŮˣƤúܣ׶Ժˡ 
˱űȥ׶԰ŮµŮƯܷʣʲô֡ 
СŮ˵ҽи˫ܹԵӡ 
´绰Ϲ֣Էһ־Ϳŵλϵĳˣ˫ŰְˣŻȥָǴкֱŮףֲк߽һҷꡣ 
һԵôȶܷͷǧͷǾӼҵӺǣ治֪ԼæôæʲôʯҲѽǻôʼįĸʯͲûĸڳˣʱ̾ԼԵţȰЩƯѣȰЩϲŵʿ飬ϲһֽԣ˱ʮȴʲôûõһУӦеĶʧȥˡܷһ˸Уշתŵȴǽϸ裬İ׷ʣ֪ƽƽӴݲ棬ٻ׻ȻΡ 
ܷеҪӣøµĵ绰ʯСͨʯһ˵ղö˵ˣȥ˵ˣĶ 
ܷ˵ˣܴ 
Լ˼ĵطܷ±Ҫ˸Ħģȥȶȥˡ 
3 
ʯָܷñ裬˵һѽʯ˵Ҳ裬裬У衣ӵؽ衣ܷ￴ų˵ĶӣŶĺǵ˰յģӱ˸ĸȫŵ㣬㣬ܷϲ§뻳Уķ·ߵķͻȻǣסеĿѶɢˡ 
ʯο˾ͺãԾˡ 
ðֹܷסƵ˵治֪θм㣬ѶӴôá 
ʯ˵ҲҵĶѽ 
ʯôǸʱʯȰҪȥĲƨɺ棬뷽跨˦ÿǮʯΪˣÿ¹ûһϣ⣬ʱ̫ˣҲеԲ˵Ҫģɻûʯ˹ȥˣѹʽˣҲҵõŪǮǨ˳ӦôԣӲĸܣʯǶõһ˺ǣһֻеʧȥˣſף֮һֱĶ࣬ûԹȻ뿪ôһǮҲûȫʯĬϢسеģŻôøӣⶼʯΪѽ 
ܷ˲ˮԼƽ˵ڹû 
ʯ˵ɡ 
ܷ˵ʲô 
ʯ˵Ǯ 
ܷ˵Ķ򹤡 
ʯ˵һ˽ϰǶ 
ܷҪ˵ʲôֹסˣȻ˵ҲͲ˵ˣôӣóٿǮ˵Ǹӵġ 
ʯ˵ôǮģôʱҪǮء˵ű߾θˣʶȥš 
ܷ״ʵôˡ 
ʯһü˵û£ַˡ 
ܷ˵ҪҪȥҽԺ 
ʯ˵ֲʲô󲡣ȥԵҩͺˣҩ 
ܷ˵ɣҲȰŸղŵĻ˵ղŸ£㻹ǵòǸʵֹѧͬѧ˽ҵǮһһ⼸ˣ΢һ֮󣬾ӱ˵ӲǮݸʯ 
ʯִҪǮһͣûһ첻ȱǮӹǮܷ̾㲻ԹҰɡ 
е죬޵øƵģ磬۶벻ᣬûȵĸĸ´࣬ǰϵǮóˣûȵܷ棬絶ʣ˵ģҵһ 
ûȵ岻öˣѪѹĲಡܷȥ˵ǣǸŮ˰ɣ㺦ˣҲ˼ˣϱǷģⱲҲˣǣҲˣ㻹Ļͺ˰ɣǰѱţǸС˼һֱϲ㣬˵һЩûúÿʵѽҲǽˣ˼Ҳ׬㣬㻹ôãʵʵظ˼ҹɣô꣬Ҳ֪ˣǸӣƯ˷ԣӻҪʵʵڡ 
ʵ޷ܴĸĵǺͽǣΥĵˣڴĸĹذ£Ķ¿ʼ 
Щܷ˹۹ĿˣҲһ㣬֮飬Ů֮飬ǧҪȥ㣬һڱģ׽ģһʱһʱǡ˵ǰ¸𣬰ȥȻôϲˣҲ̫ˡ 
ʯɤ˵ˣǰ죬ʮ죬˯˾Ҳûѹ 
ܷסˣ̾һ̣Ĳٺˡ˵ûһĸҲŽʱҶúǣҵָӣĶȥյ㡣 
ʯ˵Ժ˵ɣȰŪðɣˣﻹǲʱðһѡ 
ܷﵭȻ˵ҴСûܹǵĳ谮ҲûǴʲô 
ʯ밲ο䣬Ҫ˵ԼثúܣҲòĶȥ˻ȥֻ̾ʲô鶼Ϊȥܵóǰǰɣùô꣬Ҳתˣ㻹ôܻҵ˼ҵġ˵ţʯҲ˸ 
ǣҪܹͷǸжúǡ 
ܷûסԼһոѹ֡һ˵һ޵ĸе⣬˵ְ֣ôˡܷ¶̫Уֹס˵ˣ0ôԶǰɡ 
ʯסؿڴӦվܷʣٲȥҽԺɡ 
ʯ˵ûµģȥԵҩͺˡ 
߳Ļ԰ܷ￴ŸĦУĦǽʱУǰǿյģʯѶӷŵǰ棬˸СͷǸֻ֣һԶˡ 
ڵƻɺĽͷܷôͻȻ֣֮ʹʲôʧȥˣȴһһֳܿѵ˶ôʹˣǰ·ΣȥȻû¹»ô 
ܷص¼ʱ¼ϲ˵Ҵ˵绰Ǹѣ˵ȥԣģôƯĶҲԣŮеʱǡ 
ϢܷĵõһЩοм˵£̫ллˣҼǵõĺá 
˵Ūã¶һҲǰѵæգɸˣֻһ£㣬˵¸ˣҪ¡ 
ܷ˵ȥء 
˵ģûô棬ʱûô档 
ܷ˵š 
ܷǳ˳ͨԣµĹλ¾˵ڵĹ߰٣н߰٣ϵһڣҲȥˣʵڲˣȥҵʵǺܺʹֽҲܸɣֻҪĲʱ;ȥһЩСǮ 
ڣɫĹװӪҵշ̨ϡӹ˿ӹʱеһǻźͳƱֲĹʱʱǮȥģڶˣЩǮԽʱоһ㶼Ѿһ㶼Ѿ߽ġ벻ͨôôݽȥһڲˣһֵ˵ãöණſˣʱ￴׺ǣ㿴͸ˡĲúǣôƽݣʱ˷·һԶͣϣֻһζתȥֱҲתΪֹҲ֪ǲǸͣˣɷסˣҪȻתˣתˣתˣĳô˷񣬽ȥ֪ʲôղܣʲôѡˣ׺ΪˮҲתȥˡ 
Ҫ°ʱ´绰ȥգĩܷʣȵ˰࣬Լʰˣ˳ȥ̳˸лúøлһ¸¡ʱ򣬸µļò֣˷齫¿ܷΪİ˵ôƷˣ齫㡣 
ܷ˵Ҳġ 
һˣ˵ôӰɣű߰ɡ 
ܷ˵ңҿǴɡ 
ֺģüһܷ˳˸λ£Աߵһ۾˻ͷһۣľøУټԼԣæǷǷ壬ʾӭ 
ܷƺãҲӦ˵úõһƣ½ 
۾˵أ½ˣҿеˣǲġ 
ܷչȥһͿ½ˣ˵ˡ 
۾˵ʲôУô˵߰ƶһһ£ǿøǶڴߣ㣬ô 
۾ˣ˹˵ǧһصĽСҲǣأԼơ 
ܷһԿż̲סȥųٰѽһһ۾²ſԼĽѽ߲ˣͨ۾˷ܵòˣһۼ˳ȥؽлҸѼСģƺõúܣ 
˿˰Űѽг壬Ͷô󣬶֪ƴˣ˵Ǹɶһڵˡ 
۾˵ؿæڵˣƳûȼˣ˵ûɣǾ͸ˣ˵űһĶҪˣµһɫ˵űߵ 
һ£йˣƵ׷״չƣȻթһɥ˵ǮͷǮ۾˺ò 
ֵܷҪж 
ܷҲЦ˵Ӧװûģ̫ÿˣһ¾͸ˣҵĴҵĴ 
۾ЦСߣҪûôҪ־͹ǵĻ˵߻ͷܷܷ۾һЦ 
龰ܷоôϤкǡ 
۾˵õòˣĲˣֻ룬࣬ȱһҲϣܷ˵Ҵ 
ܷ̫ЦȥˡһȻóĹûºǡҲ֣ƾͲһˣֻһһţһСľ½ˣһСľ͸ˣϲøüЦǮĻŭţŲһͰ˵ȫ˻ӮʱҲˣµԷˣһѣҪԵĸϽ 
һһˣ׷Էˣ齫˭Էǡ 
۾˸ղӮ˲٣ֵˣҲĸʣҲ˵ȥԷ 
˵ҪรŹշԣҪร 
˵ȥֻôһˡ 
ڷ˷򣬸˵ȥ 裬ȥսֻաʱ򣬴۾ܷͬȥܷﲻ齫˵ȥˣ컹ϰࡣ۾е㲻ᣬܷƽĶЦЦعȥ 
4 
ܷصµһ˵ķӣյģֻһһһӣܷ̫įȥ˸СһĶֵӣЧͿԴһ˵ʱˣʱȥѱӹһŶӣܷ֪ڸʲôó绰ʯƶϰãԴѵĵ绰ǵ绰ȥȻǹػܷĵ绰벻ʯΪʲôػ벻ڸʲôûˡóǮʣ޼ãйˣٹǷʵӣȻͷһֻаµĹʣеýˣ˹ʾȥ·û·ˡ·Ǽܰºǡܷ;ůġ 
ַ˰µĹʣ¾˵Сأɵòúøɣƶֻлġ 
ܷ˵š 
ܷصϼշѣֻһ˵ϰѽ 
̧ܷͷһڸ¼Ǹ۾ˣЦ˵ѽѰɡ 
۾˵Ǻǣ㿴Ǯ 
ܷﰴĺͬҳĻѵӣ˵֣ʵô 
۾˵ǵǵģǮ 
ܷ˵һٶʮ 
۾ͳǮݸܷܷ㣬ͬѵһݸ۾˵ʲôԱˣˣǰŲܷæӴ۾ֻ˵ټ 
ܷҲЦ˵ټ 
۾ˣܷæһϣ°ˣܷ߽˰ȥ·Ϳ߽ܷЦ˵绰 
˵һȥԷɡ 
ܷ˵ðɣʲôء 
˵ȥɳɡ˵߰Լĵ绰ѽˡ 
߽ɳ꣬Ҫ˲ˣ˵ʯֻ 
ܷƣ˵ôˣˣ½ˡ 
Цû£ʣǸ۾ô 
ܷʣһ 
˵Ƕ齫һ 
ܷ˵㲻Ҫýɡ 
˵ˣô˼Ҷӡɺˡ˵ܷ߳Ц 
ܷ˵ӡôˣŸճʲôû 
˵Եⶫõô˵㵽׶ûио 
ܷ˵ʲôоֻʲôоеʵǲǡ 
˵ˣǸоаɡ 
ܷеز˵ĶĶǣ㲻Ҫ˼Һˡ 
˵㲻Ҫ˵ǰ˵˵ûҪҪˣ˵ûҪиѺһ 
ܷ˵Ҿ̫ɰˡ 
˵أһ 
ֹܷסЦһ˵ҪҲԺ˵ǣô䲴ģĶ̸Щ 
˵ѽԽ䲴ԽҪڨ˵ҲûҪϾͼ޸ѽ˼ʶҲȥĻ飬һ޶иŮ 
ܷ˵Ρ 
˵û˽ιϺǣξʲô׷ˣòŰѹȥϹϣҪѧǣҪǰߣȥ͹ȥˣҪǿ㾲Ϊãһ˰Ŷѽ 
ܷ룬˵Щʣʲôġ 
˵͸һλָҲڹϰࡣ 
ܷ˵˵ء 
˵˵Ȼ⣬γԺʶʶأҲһҪôִᣬǵŮôչԡ 
ܷ˵Ҿ裬ҵ¶ȫˣ˵ɡ 
˵ǳտҴ绰ɡ 
ܷ˵ϴ˵㡣 
˳˷ϰʱ仹е磬¾ܷת̳ܷ·绰ʯػǹˣܷе㲻̤ʵ֪ʯôˣδ绰ػ᲻ʲôˣûʲô£ȥ˳·Ӵϡ 
ܷ˸Ħȥ0˶0ſڴ绰ǹػܷ뵽öǶȥ鷳Źȥʯٲæ·øôžͳˡ߽Ժӣһ齫ÿһﴫ¥»мӰڵˡܷû뵽ôԺ齫æͷע߽üңֻõǸ䷿һţ˳齫ǼСӰһһŴһݵŮò˰ģõúܡֵģæǰæشŶ˲ˮæкվ 
ܷ˵æվһԵ̧һǽдһ֣ϸһ֣ϽĲֱֻˡ ͻ˸кܷˡ 
ܷһЩˣ˵ǵǣæӦʦðɡʶҲкܷһһкˡ 
ò裬лЦӭ˵ϡͣôûλˣٲȥƽ𻨶 
ܷ˵ɡ 
˵ҵȣ߳˵ 
ܷ뼱ŻȥҲû¶˸ӵˣ˵⻹õú㵽Ǹɴ࿪ˡ 
˵ʲô취أҪԷڨӴŪλҲŪסڹҲˡ 
ܷ˵ѳ 
ö˵ǲǳˣ˵ٹͷǮˣһŰ˰٣ɿǮ˵ܸɶԼ취զڳҲɢˣû£ֻд齫ԶΪڨ𣬿ЩĵϡǮҪ׬Сˣʮ飬ʮĶУĲŴ飬飬ִ꣬ٹҶǮˣ϶˴ģкŵúˡ 
˵ţֻ˺öˮ 
öӦ𵽣ඡŽȥˡ 
ܷһЦѽȻˮһöõһϼһʡܷ˵Ūðݣݻˮ 
ЦŵСˮģҪЦڶ0ЩݶˮأҪҲŸ㣬˶ˣ첻ˮô 
ܷ˵һٴǮˮ 
˵ѽ 
ܷ˵ҲǣÿŸǧ˰ٵģеġ 
õ⵽ȲЩӣЩӺ÷Ҳգǧ˰ٵģҽҲòҪ׷Щʱųȥ˻ղûг㵶ӱҲ𲻵ãϸˮñЩӲ 
ܷһ̾ڷǻҾǴҵӡ 
ö˵ѽǸʱû뵽ղǮأҪ翪ʼղǮҲˡ 
ܷЦҲã㲻ģרǮ 
˵ѽҲڣиʱĻûĶء˵ţнеʷʣð̡˵ˡֳȥˡ 
ʱܷ˵æҲˡ 
˵æˣġ 
ܷ˵鷳ȥʯɣҸ޶· 
öһЦ˵˭أ 
ܷһΪˣеܰɡæ̧ͷĶʯӰӣе㲻š 
˵档˵ܷ߰ǼŵķǰţſˣܷһˡСķŴգƣһݵŮΧһǰƽ𻨣ʯǰ򣬴ƵˣʹҲûˮˣʱΪֹ׷ˣȻ棬һ϶ĹһǮѹĵ绰ػһ̣ܷĳֱݣûԼ۾ 
˳ʯʣôˡ 
ܷû뵽ôȻһϽģֱҪȥˡ 
ʯ˵ 
ܷزԱߵ˷׷кܷź˵ 
ڲ֪ˣ˽еʷʣˮۡ 
ö˵ãҪ١ 
˵ٰɣùôһһǧˡ 
öóǮ٣ûǮ۴ԼóʮǮ˹ðø 
۸ܷкþûˣ 
ܷæص磬úǡ 
Աһ˴ߵ磬ˡ 
۴Ӧܷæȥˡ 
˵ߣߣӰǣʲôһ˵˵ߴš 
ܷ˵˵仰 
öƿ˵磬е¡ 
ʯˣ򶨵ظܷкûƺǣɶ¡ 
ǧܷ治֪Ӻ˵ڹ˵ֻҸ·򼸸绰ػ˵߰ʯ 
ʯˡӦﶼУȥǮ 
ܷתʯǻǴǰǸʯ𣬰̾Ҳѧˡ 
ʯе㲻ڣڨڨ˵û£ЩطĶȥ 
ܷ˵ˣȥġ 
ʯЦҪôûôأڲϰˣûʲô¿ɸɣҶڴơ 
ܷ˵ͲȥҸƭ˵˽ϰ򹤡˵߼ 
ʯĵ׵׻ܷˣȥҹˣڹĶôңҵЩٿǮܶĶס 
ܷ˵ͲҲȥôô졣 
ʯæ˵ɱô˵ᵽΪʲô֪ڶĲˣӰܴġ 
ܷ˵Ҳᵽʱ׷ҵˡ 
˵Żù˵磬Сˡ䣬˽һ棬˵Σʯ˵ʲô 
ʯ˵·˵ſܷһۡ 
ܷæ˵Ҹ·͹ 
ʯŲӻֻʯ˵˵ûУ˵ͳȥڨ 
ʯܷ˵ЩʲôҲ˵ˣֽӹ·͸ųȥˡ 
ܷ裬ĻãΪ㻹ʲôȥȰʲô£ɵôԼһ⡣ 
ðοûµģɶΪ޶˵仰ɶҪôࡣ 
ܷ˵Ҫˡ 
˵Ǹ 
ܷӦ߳ĸеһִδйʧ䣬ȻʲôˣȻһŮˣʧлôأһˣһһ 
5 
ܷеʹΪӣǰȥģܲ˶ӣȥģӸ˭ܣϣڶӵĺܷﲻҪиңΪ˶ӣȶƽӶҵܷǸ۾ˣչֻҪܸԸΪһС 
ܷﾫĴˣ͵Ÿ´绰¹Ȼ绰ˣ˵ſܷ֡˵绰˸Ħģһ˸˵Ǹտ̯۾˺͸Ƕˡ 
۾¶˾ϲ½ܵܷ 
ôһܣ˾Щʽʶζ˵ƴúãұӮ˵ģһȥȫˡ 
ܷЦҲܺá 
˵ǺǣˣִӮˡ 
ܷԸ˵ˡ 
˵ûУûˡ 
ŹͬĻ˵ţ߳տʱ򣬸µĵ绰ˣ˵绰˵ڽˣĻˡ 
æ͡߸£һ¾ʣԹ˵㳤Ư 
Щܷö䶼ˣЦЦ˵лл˵˵͸ͬ°ɡ 
˵Ǻǣ˵ǰڶ0ϰ࣬ôô˵ɢͽɢء 
ܷ˵ǺǣɢЩҳ·˻Ū 
˵ҲǣҲĶҲڷԣҲһҪλϣҵѱһúãҾúǣһõ״һڵλϴţһ⣬ȽϺһЩ 
⻰ܷûôˣû뵽۹⣬ʱЩøУøǿģ˵һ¶úǡ 
˵ѽҪĬ͸мֵˡ 
ܷ˵ѽôء 
˵ʡȥˣˣҹȥҲɢˡ 
ܷ˵ร 
˵ء 
ܷ˵ˡ 
Щţ˵ôƯ 
ܷ˵ŮӶౡ˭˵ 
жЩϧʲô֮Ҳ˵̫ϵҲǣ˵ĸ׽ˡ 
ʱܿ͹ȥˡ 
ܷ˵컹ϰء 
˵ɡ 
ܷ˵סڹô 
˵ѽһסһ׷ӣġ 
ܷЦЦûĻ˵߰ɡ 
ֱ߳˵߹䣬·ܷﲻ֪סǸõĵط˵ְɣллҡ 
˵ĵ绰Ƕ٣Ҹ绰 
ܷԼĵ绰ʱ濴һۣ˲󣬸Ҳߣ̫ͨǰϲȤǲЩʵĵλҲзӣЩҪģΪһûҪġץס 
ʱڼ򵥵ĵܷеȫӦÿϰ࣬°࣬ͬµĹϵҲòȻԼᣬ˷չñȽȶģ״ʵȽϺá 
ȥϰʱܷоĶе㲻Ծ˵ĶҲ˵ǲ̫ãʱ߽Ӫҵͬ˵ʲôˣ˻˾Ͳ˵ˣپɢˣͻȻͶ˾ƵģͿ۹Ҳùֵֹģǽ죬ǰģܷĸоǴ֪Щʲôܷܲ 
ʮʱ򣬿¾绰ȥһˡܷᷢġ 
Ȼϣ¾ʣôļ 
ܷ˵ǲҡ 
¾˵ҲȻԼҲ֪Ҳö˵Ҫ¶Щ㷸ǾҲ㡣 
ͬܶˣһҲ֮Уûж˵ʲô¾˵һϰĹʽˣȰѹС̡ 
ܷ˵š 
¾ôƽЩ̣˵ȥĹɣʵͦġ 
ܷﲻÿɷЦЦҪұĹôһһȥɱĲճǮ£û˵ʵ 
¾Щϰߣŵȥɣһ칤ʡ 
ܷصϰԼĶʰˣѸýĽС̣С̰οؽ㣬ҪЩ򹤵Ķһʾˣһǻ˺üطˣɴˣ˴ǲԼźãٿۣСǮҲá 
ܷﲻ˵ 
һ磬ܷﶼƣһڼҴţִ̫ˣ˵һʱû˹ȥһеòײеĶµĺ鱻ʪˣ䣬ΪйȥûںδʮٸҲ˵ӹЩһôѾĻĨȥҪװ׵Ժôǣž;ͷʹ 
ߵʱ绰˵֪뵽סǲܵģ˵ҳˣ·ߵ㡣 
һˣ˵ȥĶء 
ܷ˵һûԷ 
˵ûԷѽߣȰѷˡ 
߽һСܷ꣬Ҫ˵㶫ھͳԲȥˣǮ˵ȥĶء 
˵ٲȥǶɡ 
˴˳֣ߵúܿ죬ƺ˿ܷ飬ʵҲ˿ں黹ȶʱ֪̫࣬ͲøԼ˵Щ˵˭ϵõǶ꣬ڹһʱôҪץסǣεץסбͲĶٴʧȥ˵˶ҲǸǺá 
ķ¥һҲСҪиļǸжúǣܷͻȻԼôôٺһˣһƽˡ 
ܷ˱ˮܷ￴˿ķ仹࣬ʲôȫżû߹ʲô˵Ӱɡ˵ߴ˵ӡ˵һͬһңе㲻ڣ˶뵽һˣ綼ġ˸ƻ˵Եˮ 
ܷԼҲȶ˵ͦɾģʰ࣬治һ˵ļҡ 
˵ϰˣҵķһķ 
ܷ˵ϰߡ 
ƻݸܷܷӹҧһڡ˵ԶʱÿͷĲӣһ 
ܷ˵𡣱˵ǳǳЦЦ 
ЦˣŲ˵Ư˵߰Լ촽ѹ촽ϡ 
һܷ᲻ֺӦõġܸ֮иʼѽԥ֮䣬ͷԼ۾ 
üѹȥڣļܷ߮е㲻֪룬еһ˿ţæס֣ȵУС·ﰴס˵ϲ㡣 
ܷ˵УС˵øˡ 
ǲԸ⣬̧ͷ˵ΪʲôҶǹˡ 
ֹܷͣ˶Щж˵Բ̫ˣһ롣 
ɥĻԹǶʶôˡ 
ܷ˵ɡ 
˵㲻ϲҡ 
ܷ˵ǵģֻһû׼ˡ˵žվſȥֻع˵ټ˵ͳȥˡ 
̫ͻȻˣȷʵûãȻ˵ˮ໥ЦãҪףܵų⣬Լʱ˹ƣеҪõʲôеҪץסʲôҴʱ飬֪ЩʲôҪܸһ㽨飬˵飬һ㰲οһ̾ϢǸöúǣǣô˵˭˵ǣûˣû˿˵  
6 
ܷڻؼҵ·ϣȥҲǹ¶һˣڽͷˡ绰ˡܷһȻʯģ˵ʲô 
ʯڵ绰ż˵Ķ㡣 
ܷ˵ʲô¡ 
ʯ˵£˵ɡ 
ܷڵλáһʯĦйˡܷʣʲô¡ 
ʯ֧ű˰˵ǶǮǮһ˵æֲ˵ģͻ㡣 
ܷʯ˵ټǾȵӣʲôˡǲš˵Ǯ˰ɡ 
ʯûûû죬ܷ飬֪ܷ·ϹģʲôûʶԳϵš 
ǰѶܷϸһ룬ڷˮһʱҪǮҲôԶҪڵҲǼ׵£ֻ˵һ£伱ˣˡ˵ҵǮȥ̵̣ҡ 
ʯ˵š 
ܷ˵ء 
ʯ˵ģʱоõúܣûǮˣֻҪǮҿ϶̻ġ˵־磬˵Ͼ쵽Ǯˣŵ㿴Ǯˣ쵽ǮȻ㣬ٲҰӷŵģ֪Ѵ 
ܷЦһٺǮܷǷ̫࣬ݹ˵˶١ 
ʯ˵̫ˡ 
ܷ˵治֪ôҲˣǸʱͲûҰڼˡ 
ʯ˵öˣģڳǸˣôȥ 
ܷ˵ǾԶΪôǿסô 
ʯ˵ѽ˵ĶԣǸҸҲ֪ģĹˣǮȥף˭˼ȥЩСǮһһĦģ糡һѣҪأ½ץ 
⵹ģĽȥ˵˭ЩСǮҪôôڴ˶Բܷ˵ô졣 
ʯһ̾Ϣ˵иʱҾǾʲô壬ȥ¥òˣŻϣϣûˣ֪ô˿ˣĹǻһûȥµʱǰϵǮøˣһûǮҾ;òˡԼ°öˣӵУҲˣȥضεѧУ˵ĵضηѶǾǧ˵ȥĶʲôʲôǮ˴Сڶһʲô˹ҲѿǮѱͽѧУͲҪԷˣ˵ģҶȥˡ 
ܷסˣʯ˵Ļһ䲻شһģϤǰʯʱԺذһκһӣʯƽһ㣬ԴһģΪôңֱ̫ǮƵͶ·ˣûϣĸûϣڶĳǣ˿ȫӮ˿ȫ䣬ľӮأҪҲ֪ôȥˣͳһǮһǧ飬ϾǮǮ֪ô죬øȥ̣Ҳ֪ʹˣֿտյʱ֪ôˣݸ˵ֻôǮˣҪҪȥɡ 
ʯסˣһ̣ͻȻˣûǮʱһ˼ǧټƵǮǮˣһһô죬ǮĵǮҪĶȥôһţȥǮˡ 
ܷԥ֪ˣҪȥҲǲܵģᵽǮģǸʱģȻȥˣİõȥģ϶ĳɻľʲôŲ£ô꣬϶һ㣬˭ҪȥģҸκȰʱݵӣɴſֽȫעоȥģĲκһҪƽͷģʱоͻƵƵӿ֣һûͻȻ´עĳ嶯ָоߣһ̹ȻӮеʱעˣͻȻ̣֣ȻСǶĲĸоҸ㴴ѧҸʱ˼ȪӿĸоһޡǸʱʱˣ˵ֲŲ˵˦ˣҲҲˣǾʹʹȥĺˣȻûжǮ֧Ԯʩѹ˵ȥİɣףˣˡ 
ʯܷȥıӰ临ӣȥҴ 
ܷվסˣ֪ˣôһ滳Ķļжˮƽ˼ʲôֽţʯǵԽôӮЩǧ˻֪ԼôģԽôԽˣԼȥЩãٿ԰һ³ӣܰת˵Ҳȥ 
ʯȻͬˣܳаնˣͷŵĽһ¾ͷſˣ˵ȥĶء 
ܷ˵ҳ˾ûĹ֪ڵˣҪͶĴ㣬ЩĳӣСûʲôͷӮ䣬ġ 
Ǽ棬꣬ʯԼǶˣ˵ǶԵģҪӮǮ͵ȥĴֻǲģ˵ֻô㱾Ǯôġ 
ܷ˵ȥӮǮֲȥǮ 
ʯ˵ء 
ܷ˵ĶҪ䣬ĶӮǮٺжǮЩСӣһ϶Ӯ˼Ǯ 
ʯ˵եӣӮ˲ǮҴ绰һڶûСܷ˵ʲôեӡ 
ʯ˵ݶԣִҶڿݶˣȥһˡ˵ó绰ȥ绰һͨ˵˼仰ʯתܷ˵߰ɣҵõǡ˵ԼĦУˣܷûǰĺ棬ǲţĦеĺ䡣ʯһţĦоͳȥˡϣܷϲˣϱ仯̫ˣ˿Ĺ·¥ƻԻͣ˵Ժͻµĳģҵֶƹˡ 
Ħһҷſͣ£ûпˣҪȣʯִ˸绰һСʯˣк˵ǻʣһİɡʯ˵ǵġǻ˵ѳɡ 
ض˰Ħп˷꣬Ϩ˻𣬸С¥ȥֱ¥ûֻɱˡŽȥ 
У˺ŮΧһſǰեӡĶķҲݶԣݶе㲻ͬݶʮ齫ŸͲӸţһһƾͿ١ݶʮƣŸͲӸţۼĸλף˳ţǨţţׯױӣشһ·Ʋ١ݶԣͲӱȴСӣÿעĶԼƸׯұȣӱׯҴӮС䡣һƾͽݶԣʱׯ˫ͬǣݶԵĵֱӣʮߵ㣬ͲӰͲݶǾŵ㣬ͲͲͲӰͲʮ㣬ͲӰͲʮߵݶֻߵ㣬ͲͲ˵Сݶʮ˯ţûе㣬СۼҲûе㣬ͼͲһǼ㣬ۼһȴƣݣƣA齫ʮѧʿݶ 
˶ҵۣԻžָ޴ȶ0ˣۼܷҲˣк˵ǮӮúܣեһš 
ܷ˵һŪ˵ɡ 
˵ɶѵģǰݶԵĵݶԲ࣬һͻˡ˵ߺȣƱҪæעܷһԿ߿ʯ˵ 
Ĳԭǻͨģܷ϶Ĺݶԣ˵һ飬һۣѾȻģûʮԪʮԪģСĶʰģ֪ʰעóһŰԪǮեȥֲÿƾͷǰˣܷ￴ԼעСԾȥƣôעƣݶ˶˹ؾǴעơһ˵رԵעǻóһСע֣ͬ˸һͳζ米ͷŰԵӣĲԽǼԽڰһ·ȤζȫڽÿͳĹСܷݶɢעǸעעǸһƺ󣬰һۣ۵һ֪ǼˣǸǼǸ˵˯ţ˵ԼϵƣͲݶﷲͲۼƶ˯šһϲ˵˯ˡԼøעһŵһ˯ţٿһ㶼ϲ֪һűͲˣȻעһʲôٿׯǸߵ㣬һŽԴϲʱƱׯҸóԵĳԣ⣬ͬһæһǮûһӹǾͱٿˣһЦͷΪ֮һ 
եעһעׯ˱ˣˮ˾˵·ˣȥˡ˺һ㣬Ȼ·ˣֻȥˡۺȵˣ˶˵ǡۺȵԲüš 
ǸԲС˵ղJڸQˣĸQֻ˺ȵQˡ˵һQʾָǼ㡣ָ˵K۵ֻաԲο磬һúܣϾֵˡ 
ǼߵλϣϴƱߺȿˣեעեעեעǲҪեעܷһְҵʶεضסϴƵϴơһϴãֻ˽еһա˴ұһյߡ˽еĥšְһŹȥ˽еԿǡְұĵһŲȥˡ˺ȣãϴׯҴı߷ơׯһָұߣϴ˱һͲҾ֪ұ߿ˡܷһžȻͲ۾һֱߣؼǵô֮һյҲͲǾˣԲݣʮƼȽѣżܷﻹǼǵסġ 
ֻׯҸ߽еƱҪ˷׷עܷٿһǧե١ֻùټһͺȣɱһ˵۾ڿϹ䶨˺𵽣˳ɵׯҵͬеɱƣ˵Ʒ׷ǰزӣܷ䲻Сע˳ȥͣš˷׷׺𵽣Ӯׯҽеϵϵ㡣ܷƶûǾ͵ˣƺǮƽУʯûƵ˻ĸʣƷһͲĵ㡣ʱȺ٣ʵϵ㡣ֻټžĿԼƵϵŵ㣬һҲԼƣ׷׽Ǯ볡Уһͨɱեעһûڡ 
ׯҺͬ˸߲ҵذƹǮˡԱһСͨɱæһнеϰϰƯϰҸС÷޷ׯǸֵͨɱֿ֮Цһǧ飬ٸеСС˵ллϰ塣ǮׯֳߺµöԻµٿвݲݣϡһեעȫˣڶ׷׳עܷϻե٣سİեȥֻټ䣬ܷزСעˣһҲȥһͣһóоͻˣȥͲһǼһ˵ǶͲܷԼϵƵݸˣȴׯұ㣬֪ׯȴѹŵӵ˱˱֪ׯҵҲ󣬷׷׺𵽣Ӯׯұһѵ˵Ҫ˼ϵӮϵӮܷﻹţǵƸպϵ㣬ׯҰ㣬ȥȻׯǾͲĵʲôܷһŻػȴֵĽƶУׯһţôĵ㶼е׬һһҲĵ㣬һ㣬Ҳ̫ĺĵ㶼ҪһһšׯҺͬ˷ޱȣܷǮˣš 
ׯĽˣ˷׷עܷԼ㶼Ӯˣ㳤עեٽȥ֪һȴ˸˯šܷﲻģĹʱ˰˰ٽȥʱׯãׯ˲ǮեעĴեˣð⣬׷׳עׯҼ˺̧Ҳǣͺһãɱ˾ӣһ壬еףȴ˳ɱߡԽ˷ơܷʱǴע˸һܷۼǶ٣˵һ㡣ܷĶˣƵݸۣʯһԼʣ٣Ƕ٣ܷɥ˵̵һŵ˸ض㣬Ѷץϸˣȥģ̵ʲôׯ˯ţȴׯҾȻŸݶԽкݶԱʱһƬɧңһ̫ˣֻûڶݶԣͨɱׯҴϲ§ųиǮ§ֽһ㡣 
եעĴʱ伱ˣһϴףˮ˾ˮˮ˾æĴҵ񣬿ĶֻʣĶƣһǷŵͲһ࣬ׯҾͿˡׯߺϣ´Źأ˲ˣŹضե㣬ե㡣һ˵һӶǳҪׯӮ˾ˣׯҲֻôͷԶׯ˵ֽйŹأׯϲ˺̧´עһֵĹ١ 
ַҪ֪һݶҲˣ֪ݣ֪Լʤж٣̲סҪȥѣʯ϶ûǮˣĸо쳣ǿңǸݶԾǸģܴλᣬһеȶ˵ܷʯ˵ҵǮ 
ʯһ£˵ҲǮ 
ܷ˵ˮ 
ʯǲ֪˵ûЩе£ܷն˷ֱ磬ĵׯתۼôǮһ´Ҷں̧ûǮҲҪˮκò̼ˣһǮվܵסǮͳեȥʯԴһ󣬽еˮ˾ˮ 
Բ˽ˮæܹһǸûˣЩšۼʯҪˮһʯûЩӣһͺˮˣȰҪѱˡ֪ܷԥ˵Ҫġʯܷ̬ȼҲģ󵽣磬˵˵ŵˮҰɡۼһģҲǶĶĹˣĲĵľһָоܷݲȵģǶĲһõ״̬ҵоˣ㲻ȰǣϾͿԶһǮˣҲ𣬻عͷԲ˵ŵɣԲ˵Ҳʶֻม۱Щԥʯ˵磬ҰǮեĶаɡ۸ɴ˳ˮ˵ѺԲʯæͳӵݸԲԲûӣʶˣ쵽ӶǶ0ˣ˵ǷǮˣҲһ0 ˮûš˵ģõӾõǮʡԲԲģʯţ˵аɡԲô˵ȥ߸翴һ߸磬߸ڶƵ˵һ£ҹȥʣȽ߻֪ܷ˵ߣͶѡԲեҲʲôעŴͣӵĥܷ֪˼ȥǰ˳ɢעեǮˣһѣ˵áþեׯҵһ룬եעĶļˣһڶĳϣĿͶأĿҪģûǮˣ˶ͣȥȡǮܶ೤ʱ䡣ׯǸֵ˼ӣǸƯŮӣʱãͲ˺̧һѣ¾û˺ģӮǮҲԲеǵȡͬҲ׷˵ȡԲ״˵㣬һ£ȥϴϾ͹˵һӽȥˡ 
ܷ۶ϵƣˣֻҪ㣬ߵ㣬ʮһ㣬ǨұҪ⼸ӣݾ÷ϣׯһǮȫŵˣɢע࣬ǧǮʣµľˣҲа˾ǧǣܷﲻɵס˺Ǯȴ˿ 
һŹ϶ĺһǮʣµĶƣڶĿһѪţͲһݶԣǮȫԼˣһ·ڻϾûӮң˵ģûһ̻һʱϹ¸צĦȭƣſѪҪҧˡ 
˭ܰѶĳô˭ܰǰ·͸ûһ˭˭Ӯû֪˭Ц                                   
02 
 7  
ԲǱ߽Ƶ˴Լ̻Ի͡Ƶϰͣرãһ˵ھƵǲܹɧŵġ 
ԲĴ߽ϴֻһСͣʮ¥ſˣﾲĵģÿһ䷿ŶţԲֱȾͷȥչһ׷߸ѳġû߼¥С㣬Сض˵ӭ١ԲͷӦˣǰߣ쵽ͷʱһ䷿ſţ߰˸С棬Ǽˮ˾Ļƣרߵķţ淿ĲǮҪˮˣǲŹȥСǶųĿȫǮԲһ𣬱˴֮öˣԲ߽ȥкһӣ߸ 
ָָ˵ڣǱǼ䡣 
Բ˵˶ɡ 
˵รڿݶԣǱƽ𻨣߸Ǽ䣬ôǱչˡ 
Բ˵ûأе߸һʡҪߣǼ䷿ſˣŮģ࣬Բæк㣬ûƺǡ 
˵챻ȱˣüûˣæɶ 
Բ֪ҲˣЦ㶼бȱʱ򣬲Ҫϴˣðɡ 
˵˵ȥһء 
˵Ż͵˸ղǻʾǰԲߵͣ£ٽߵ֪ԼſˣһЦк㣬˵ԲǱɢ 
Բ˵߸硣 
߽ȥֻһݵ˶ںң߸磬ڵϡֻЦ⣬ϵ̷ţ΢۽һǮ£ҲһһţǮȫȥĻɫ̺Ϸ۵һ˵һġ˵ֹɣһ߰ɡ˵һ㡣²ţǰкЦӦű߿߹ȥ˵ߣּѽ˵࣬úܣڨµһСֵѹڵϵǮ£һɳȥˡ 
߼ԲʵԲɢˡԲ߸æ˵ûɢǱֵúܣ߸磬и0 ˴ϴˣ˵ϹӴˮҲŸģ˵ۣһˣûš 
˵ϴƱ˵ʲôӡ 
Բ˵Ƕ0˵ƾ쵽ǳϹǮ 
һˣӹ˵ʱ䵽ӶǶ0ˣǮˣǱҲһһõǰи0ڸ԰ӮʮЦˣǿ죬϶ȫϴס 
Բæк磬ðɡ 
˵ʲô˻ûǡ 
ʣ쵽Ǯ 
Բ˵һİ١ 
ʸղŽӻӣ꣬˵ܷŰɡ 
˵ţǮģֻҪõǮķţǶأ۷ŵġ 
һ£Բ˵۲ţ۷Ÿһ¡ 
Բ˵õġͳ绰ȥ˵ӣж0Ǹˡ˵ϴ˵۷Ÿ㣬ҪҪˣֵܽӵ绰˵ӣ߸˵ǧɣȰѽˮˣǧŸҹһ͹ 
˵绰Сֵܱһǧš㽫һĺɫǮ͵У߹ά߸˵ġҲάߵĶʹ߿ɵˣٺЦŽǮӹᶪǰע 
߶ţ˵ǻûееöģеЩ0Ҳһ͸ˣһǵǮһѣԵλϰʲôúǣǲǣߣȥϰ࣬һĹʻûһעµöɡ 
˵0һЩǰˡʱڻ˧ĳһŮӣôò¶ʲǶʱȴҵҶ÷ȥ飬û˼ȥ飬ֻŽ˾ȥˣһУһˣƿҩԼĿܶûСڻ¥ȥˤڵʲôоһֱȥŮˣһֵĹ٣һʶÿһ˷Ǯǰʱ˵ˣźǮ㣬˵ߵһԪǮ֮ѵĴӵˡʱ۶ˣ¹ȥˣߺˣһݰŮӵݸǮեȥˣֻҪһˣʲôȥ룬ֱ¥۾ȥ 
˭֪һһȻݶԣҸ벻ĸݶԣ첻ѽһٿǮĸ͹ǧģֳһ㣬ֻ年ƾӮ˻ûɣҲûɻ飬ȴ֮תԽԽ󣬼ķˡ 
ֻһҲûŮӣûþ˵Ųö0Ĳꡣͷ꣬˧һһȫʤڹ͡Ӯ֮Ƕô˵ܺһǾ޴ϲãʱŷ֣ڶĲǮѶԶԶ뿪ҲһԽĵˣҶ÷ڶĳΪмڶĳͻȻ֮ϣΨЦڽ񳯵⾳ÿ˶Ტģĳ˲öĳϵŷƤǮһ˵ǮǮҲûǮӸծ۵ᣬǸ޵ŮӣĹˣˡŲ֪ھ̫ࡣ 
ȥһֱûҵ˵ùȥɣ˵һٿǮǮɻˣ˭˲췽ҹ̷ 
һҹӮ֮ڶĳ֪Ա˸÷ĵĳ϶ĵĴͲǮ֮󣬲ܷͺԼΪרעڿӷˮֻǵȱʱȥոӣٺǵλЧԽԽãӮǮҲǵ㹤ʷɴͣнְһһڶĳıչҵ졣 
²ףÿһ뵽ں绽꣬Σ߶ŮӣǮʱĵЦ 
˵𣬳̧ͷ𵽣Ĳסรֻ㿿סиλŷʲҲ˽꣬һǻصλϰȥ 
˵ϰȥˣ˭Һǡ 
˵ϰ಻һһְҵĲڶְҵϰࡣ 
ȫЦ˵ŻһѶ꣬߳˵࣬飬㡣ʱ˲ǮһžͿ߼ףͰ಻סˣλЦ˵ѽ˲ҡ˵ű£ָһӴкʷ磬ðɡ 
ʷӦЩ 
˵ˣҸʷˮڨֵܻ˵ˮȥСӣҪˮæչ㣬Ҫ˵ɡӴӰͳǮʮţʣµһŵݸ˵㣬ˮˣףáӹǮҲǰһ̶ꡣСڱϼһʱ˳ȥǷףǮЦ˵㿪ˣǣǸݵĵĵסֵǮڵ׼ֵ㻹˼߰ǧ˲ˣҲǮ˼±ǰ 
߽ԲеݣţϻǮ˿СӮ˼ǮݸԲʣµĴˡ 
˵ԲɣȴǳֵһóߵΣһֱһЩССˮĻȥǰԲǸŻ˧ģǻ˧һСݣ˧꣬ǴһһСľͶķˣӮң˧˸׳죬Ƕʱ仪˧һֱùúܣɶɶ˭Ķ䣬ɶĲӮǰǰһʮ򣬷ӳȫȫˣɽˮﶼϲǮˣʹʮ¥¥һԾ£׽ˣʱǷźüˮ˾Ǯ±ٻˡ˧ˣһֱֵܿܣͽţȻǿϣСͷ̤ʵС˾ʡģҲ⿴ 
Բ߸緢Ǯæӹ˵лл߸硣߸ˡǸʱմӴѧҵǼ״رѧǻ磬ĸ֣ö๤Ŀ壬ɢĽɢϵ˺ҵο޺õļҾ޺õ·ҲλˣȥݰɣûɶãǼҵݹ˾Ūˣʶûõû¸ɣ绪˧ϰæٻҵǮ﹩ѧǷ˲ծȫҵǮҲһֻǸŻ˧ûã˧ɱˡҺ߸翴ţҴпڷԣ﹩Ǯ 
˵лʲôҸ˵ȥһºǰˮ绰͹ػˣȥǶҲˮ˻û 
Բ˵ôʹˣҲйػҲʱ 
˵ѽһʱһʱֻҪڽͲҪ˵Ӯ뵱ݺĳʱж磬ȫѱǷȥЩĳЩĹֻȥЩط綼ûȥżѽ˻ǹֱķãˬĵ绰˵߰Ѻĵ绰ԲдԼֻϣ˵ҲҪ̫ܻõ취ˣ˾ʣԼŸҪŶˣĵӺ񣬻¡ 
ԲӦ߸磬ģ֪ 
ʵǶЩûջ 
Բ˵ĵûʲô⣬־ͳǸũûˮˣҽлȥ 
˵һ 
Բ˵ѽֵܡ 
˵ǣǸʱ˵صʱֵӮ˲ǮҲǣǮ˿ˣúõģҸղŻ˵ϵũίȥ£ҪǷǵصǮ˵ֻһǮһ룬һֱûǣǲǾǣҪ߽㣬Ŵǹ׷ЩûǮʱܲڡ 
Բ˵š 
˵Ź˾£˼æţһֵĵվˤƽеߣɶơʳʲôˡ˶˵ԭ10ʷK˲֮˵ϰ壬ⳡұ֤мȫ⣬ģҾʣǵơҲӷֱͷֵܶˮˮˣϰ治ŽԼϵ10ˮ˿һ׷Ȱϰ˵úܣֻҪʮƶڣʲôƶԷóǻAKء˻˵ϰ壬˵˻пܣ˼ʷᣬпڽԱƷģĸ֪ʷӮҲ𣬴ǷһǮˮ˾һʣµģƣĵĶˮתһתˡ˶˵ѽѽϰҲ˵ʲôڨڨ˳߼״ļ˵û£ϰ壬úʱֻҪˣһѻһУǡк˼˵Żһ˿˳óһȫµӸʷ磬˵ʷ磬ϴưɡʷ粻ɫӹ߶ƣۿ㻩ϴһˣ̾ǸءʷҲϴƵ̧˱㷢 
ϰʱˣǮʣ޼еˮ˾ˮ 
ȥֵܺͳߵֵһǰһ󶼽ˣʵҪ 
ϰ˵ 
ֵóǮʮŶϰ壬Ǯ£ϰҪ֣߳ߵֵСҲǮ˦ϰˣϰеĸ 
СЦ˵Ȼҵġ 
ϰ̧ͷһۣЦ㡣 
ϰСڵǮҲֵܣֵܼ״ֻԼ˦Ǯ꿴µذǮֵϽӹ˵Ұɡ 
ĳ壬ˮ˾죬ͳǷЩɣÿκͳһ𣬻ϷŲԼˮȥ̶ĶĿˮ⣬Ҫˮˣǵõȳߵˮ˾ˮΣＫЩǮԳҽ첻ԼĹ˾˰ɡ 
Բӿ˵ˮ˾ܱУЦҰɡ 
˵㻹˵춼ʮˣڸ԰եӣСʱʮǹӲǿĹһӾͲһӾͲ˵ԣԽԽ˰ 
ǺЦȰҽأԼȰȰԼ 
겻˵ʲôรҷʲôʱ˵Ҫģ˻ôܲĲûöĲ֪Ҫʧȥ˵ȤǣҷеһжӮģҲô£ͷ˵Ҷ˺ãԶΪ 
һѽӹĻǷãҾʹû㱻Ƕ̳һ治졣˶ϷС˻ҲǴģľôãÿҪĹͷܷǿķģķ֮һͣһݺһ¥ʱȫˣӮʱȫӮˡ 
˵뵱꣬ߣ˧һģʹ캨ڻ˧ˣҲҪˣߺǣ㻹ǷһأǲҪҲˣҶĺǡ 
ЦҪʲôʱ򲻿Զģʱ㡣 
˵˵รҪÿν㣬㶼˵£ûŸо 
ߵʲôʱ򲻶ˣ춼ںġ 
˵˵Ĳ 
Ӧǲһġ 
˵ҾҪˣЩõģǵ߻ǷҷһġЦŲĻ˵Ǿ˵ֹһٱĻһǻ 
ϰִ˼ѻûɫ˼ͷԳ˵Ұҽ 
תԲ˵ȥҽ 
ԲӦæȥˡ߽ڷ䣬һݵŮ죬ȫ߷ŵǵķѽѽСѽʲôģӵ˻רΪǿ䷿һЪţҪӰǶĲĸоЩŮΪǵ˳һ˴ʶһҲ˵õһߵǵӮǮż伱ҲȥЩŮӲһ棬ϣͬһ㡣ԲȥڽЩкֶһŮ˵ҽ㣬ϰȥŮ˵ҹȥɣ˰ɣǲҵġԲЦǰɣȥҽȥŮӺһվϣԲǱȥˡ 
˽ݣϰеңһһ£ˡ߹ȥڷϰԽӹԲݹˣ˵㲻ҪָңԼϰϵǮݸ˵úãĸоҲ˵һ仰˵ˣŷơ 
ԲûʲôˣǱߣԳ˵߸磬ҹȥˡ 
˵ãһɢ˸Ҵ绰 
ԲҲ߳ȥ 
8 
ղŵ绰ԲʯҪҪ˶伱ˣǮͲǮˣһѼķֽãоˣٲӮҲۻǰۣҪҪеöġǮӸ˼ǮˣʹŹһѡ 
ׯҽඣ𣬰ÿŹأɱס˺ȫӹȥ̫һӵһ¹ȥׯͷһ˻أׯء׷עׯҶͬӼݸׯҡһ㶼׶༪٣ׯǸɫ΢䣬зɣҲӣͬ˵ɡܷиһ񣬾춼ˣôҲˡׯͬ齫Ӻҡһҡţɱȥأһߣͣ£˸䶨Ƕ һ£ˣ塣 
ܷĶֹͣ㱳ȥֻ˺еǨǨð̣ׯҵͬ黹ڱ׾طƣ֪ׯϷһǮһͲǵˡ 
˵ƣ𾢵ǰϲܷõơ˲ȥƣܷﶯܷ֡ϵҲعͷݸʯ˵ơʯȻ֪룬ܷЦŹֽӹӣֻǰششչˣһ䣬ͨˣеݶԣݣݣǮȫ۹ׯ˼ŰԼƷйſһŶͲûκȤȥˣи޲ĽׯǿƣƣһţǨĵƣ˳˳⣬ǨŵǮˡžŵƣţʣšȴԼǰһǮȫ˳ţ˳һ黶ڣ˵ܷо̫ˣǿôҪһѡȴû˸ȥǮܷ˷ַɢע 
§Ǯһ̣һɿ˲ˢܷеľĺ̼䱻ͷŵһɶתһΪĳɾ͸У·ʤƴӮǣⲻǶĲô˵ǶĳѪһȳΪʲôǧȻڶͽܲǰ̵̣̽ٳԹŮһҹһٳʲôطʲôɻܱȶĳøֱӣֱȶĳøʹĳµǰƽȣС͵ؤ͸ķϰ壬ٵģʧˣǵˣû˵㣬ֻ˵㣬˵㣬ֶ˵㣬Ƕĳ㱼ʱ⵹ֻص˴ǰôϤΣôϤϢӣȻ죬Ǯڷ裬һܷе˷ĪԭȻϲһУԭȻһС 
ܷоԼжˡ 
ܷ§ǮɢעµǮ˫ʣ»һ٣ȫˡ˶Ľڳޣ˵Ů̫ˣôƫƫǸݶԾʹǶȥˣǿôأûǮˣҪˮһѣǸġʯ߿˴ӵȺǿһ㣬жʱӿƳˮһİûׯҺͬǶ̾Ϣ֪һݶԣͲˣۿҪֵĹˣһȥȫϴףӾͲŽ١ֺߺȿˡ 
۵˻ڷˣ˵Ҿϲܷģ㻹û䣬ˬһȥɱһ١ 
ܷӦȴΪӮǮˣղŻӵݸǧŰٿһûּŹǧȫ˻ֻԲ˻ʯӡʯ㲻ˡ 
ܷ϶Ĺþɳ֪ĲÿѶҪϣǳ׼ᣬֻôһѾ͸㶨һô࣬ˣٶȥͺ˵Ӯˡ˵жٱǮģӮô໹ô 
ʯǴûӮôǮ溦ܷٶȥˣ˵ˣ³һԲҪӣ˸۵˸ 
ԲϰҪߣЦ˵磬㣬ߺãġ 
ܷЦŴӦˡʯһǰһ߳¥ݵĹսǴܷǮʯ 
ʯ˵߰ɣȥлҪ˵ܷ￴ȼŻ棬ǰĻ棬Ļ棬סˣ̫Ϥˣ˵ʲôʯֲ˵ɿ¥ƲסԼֻҪһûûһһһһЦôջ޷ܣһУҪӵ 
ĦУֻԼ䣬о 
ܷסţӵסˡһζϮذסܷ϶ϤζǰǮ㽹ǵʱ򣬻ӮǮ˷ޱȵʱҪӵζ˯˱ĶдûĻ촽ȥѰͷܿͻ˽ 
ڣţ۾﷢˻̼Ȳƿ· 
绰ˣһʯģܷۣʯ˵Ҫȥ 
ɵ绰ȴִֵţʯ޿κεͳһµ绰룬Ըطſܷȥӵ绰ţãҪˣһͻˣ֪ˣ֪ˣˣ֪ˣˡ 
Ȼ˵ȴܷͷԽ䣬һʹòȥĿ̹ĵʹ˵Ҫһģ˵Ҫģ˵ʮ֮ȥС齫곡ģȴ˵ô˵εӰֻ޼ҿɹ飬˿ģҪʱڱС 
һһΣȫѹˣѾˣ߹ˣ·ˣˡ 
ʯ绰عͷҪסΣ˵ɡ˵Ҫٴ 
ַƿ˵ȥɡ˵ϵ· 
ʯӿļҲʵˣЩУ֪Ƕղôݡ˵֪㲻ԭҵģ֪ôҴûǹ㣬ֻҪһҾͶԼû˰գҾ;Լݽȥˣ˵ǲǻڰ㡣 
ܷ˵ȱģܵöº˵Ļ𣬼Ȼѡ˾ͲҪڡ˵ű߿˵ƣڵƹһиʵʵڵˣղźֻһΡ 
ܷԼİͳǮǧǮԼʣµĽ˵Ǯ˰ɣѧ취ñˣĲӮЩˣ֪ΪʲôҪһҿǸݡʯˣղŵΣ˵Լƾ¶ʤЦݡܷ˵ҲÿζһģһģҲһӮ˱ˣǲģ㻹ǵǰôôõһ˺ǣңǸʱĺϲ㣬㿿ס֪ҿڶʱʲôΣ֪ж𶯣ǻоʲôϣûˡ 
ʯ˵ǺǣʱҲԼˣ£ǲΪˡ 
ܷ˵˵Ķȥˣ£ֻЩҾͲҪˡܷţʯ˵·Сһ㡣ʯ˵ʲôû˵ڣвʣ߳ȥܷعţûУԺԶˡ 
9 
ܷһҹߣӶͲӣӣĳƱֵŮŬȰסԼҪȥ췢£ҪȥӮǮ£ôȰסԼѪӿһ޶벻ȥʲôȴˣһ˿Ϯؾ˯ȥˡ 
绰ʱʱ֣ܷ￴һİĺ룬Ժͨȴһİ˵ؽ㣬ô 
ܷ˵˭ 
Ǳ˵Բ 
ܷ˵һ 
Բ˵ǲ𣬽ɡ 
ܷ˵ô֪ҵĵ绰ġ 
Բ˵Ҫġ 
ܷ˵һ˯һ˵ɡ 
Բ˵Ǵˣһ绰Ұɡ 
ܷ˵õģʾ 
Բ˵ǵǵġ 
ܷ˵ǹˡ 
˵绰ܷ˯һôҲ˯ˣڴϷһͳ׵ˣһѹҪȥʲôˣԲ绰»һ㣬뼸»͹ȥˣɽǸ绰ܷ̲סڵ£ǸõĸоסԼɽеЩġܷó绰˹ȥԲǣĶ 
Բ˵Ķҽ˹㡣 
ܷ˵˵ط˵绰ȥϴȥˡŪ¥ȥ·Ҫ緹緹ճžͿһɫͣ·ڣ³кǮǵǸӡܷ︶˷Ǯ˳ӣһŮӣǸ˸ 
ܿʻ£᫵ɽ·Ѷϡܷ֪һЩĳӶģһطãɽͷǸׯ֯һ㶼ҵط֪ͨˣ˾ܵر֤ҵİȫҲ֤ˮ˾İȫЩһȣ붼ʮʮ򣬿ɲġ 
һ͵ɽܷ￴һŷϾɵƽͣƫƧĵطͣһɣǺһ վһɽ·һо۵ףɽ˾ͿĴˡ˳߽ǸֵĳϤһָǰԲˣ˵Ǹ㣬ѵ绰ػץýԲˡ˷׷׹ػҶ֪ץĻٱ˰ٷ֮ʮĽ˭˵˭ûġ 
ܷ￴ۺ;ָҲڣȴûʯеһ˿οк󣬾˸λ¡һ·ϴõƣУЩֻܷԥͳǮեǰϡ 
ӣĵڶĳϸǮڳеβԶӮǮǴӻöһ򵥣ҪôôݽȥûĹôõԡҪΪԼǽ֮ٶԽǼ򵥵ջĵƽ΢еҡ𸡣ǷѾĻͻֱȫ߽⣬ǰǶôĴǣôǧ㿴мĹ˶ģмƹ˾ƣмĽ˶м̰ٽ̰мֽɫһʱˣջ󲻶ϴ̼ʱ˭ѵˣҪôǻ磬ǧ 
ֻ˵ˮת쵽ҡܷϱûǮûһͱϴˣһϴܷͲˣعͷȥһˮ˾ֻϵԲ 
Բˮæʵؽ㣬Ҫ 
ܷղſǷˮǧΪλ˵һɡ 
ԲͳǮһǧ˵ؽ㣬ˮˣ 
ܷӹǮ˵࣬Ҳǰ 
ԲųˮǮܷתͿһˮ˾һӶʹɫƽغãԲչȥǸ˵֪ŮǸʲôġ 
Բɵôˡ 
Ǹ˵ŮǰĴŲù̣ŷų 
Բ˵ 
Ǹ˵ʲôʱƭ㣬㲻Ƕ0ˡ 
Բ˵û£ӮǮһ»û⡣ 
ܷõǮ׼ե֪եȥȴԸե˵Ķ⣬ûեֳݶԣһǧŰٿǮ¾ûˡֽܷˮ 
ԲһܷҪˮղǸ˵ĻЩԥ˵һɣû˻ˮƽʱЩĶĿҪˮˮ˾᳨ˮͷķţյûҪǾûʲôˮ˾Ͳôˬˡ 
ܷû뵽᲻ˬ˵һôӮǮ 
Բ˵ǲǡ 
ܷ˵ûģ㵽λ 
Աһ˲ͷˣԲ˼˵컹컹ˮ˾зⲻô 
Բһ˵ҲһŮĲһǧţٽǧˡֶһʮһλม 
ܷеŷԼģҪˮǸӣǮͷͲǲãŲˣһСְӮǮŪһãоҲãե˵ľ⣬ûեľݶԣ治ǸӮǮ죬ҪֲˣĸʣͷٽԲ 
Բ߹˵Բ𣬽㣬ͣˮˣٲˮ˾ɡ 
ܷһɨˣһԼûжٻˮɲˣˡվߣԲûг 
Բæ˵»ǡ 
ܷ˵»˵ɡ߳˳ɥ˵˲ĵģֹܲԼź˰ʹҪֻĳǮӮÿĳǮ䣬Ҫôô¥ԼòײһСŪ˵˼ʯף˵ԼأУٶˣȥֲȽȥˣҪģԼǻĵνòˣɱô졣ȰǮˣˮһÿ춼أôϵҺӮǮʯﻹУˣԺٰ취͵ʲôҲûûӮǮӽ쿪ʼҲˣ붼ҪҪȥˣ̤̤ʵʵҵΪ˱̤̤ʵʵػȥʵö˲ô֮󣬴绰ʯ 
绰ͨˣԼûȴʯܷ˵绰أҽĹˣǧǮҺЩǮֹܲסԼɴȥˣЩʣʱҵ̤ʵˣһ㶼ˣҸ˵ģܷ㲻֪жм㣬Ժӻʲôʽܻлỹġ 
ܷһ˵Ǿͺãȫ˸˵һȥ㡣 
ʯ˵ô 
ܷ˵û£˺ǡ 
˵绰ܷﲻ֪ô죬ĶȥǮǣ˭Ǯܷǣû˵ģɵXŻǮܷӼͲȥ˭Ǯ޳ΪĲεˡ 
10 
ܷһֻеöǶȥ취ˣܿڵľֻˣȥô죬ҪǮˮǡ 
ܷ˸Ħĵ0Ƕʱ˶ˣһ϶˵ȥƽ𻨰ɡܷһýǮҲãϻеëëǮýȥÿڡСȻģҪһ˶ѣŽдҼһܷ벻ˣûһȥԥţ˸кܷһϼǰһͬ¡ܷæӦϼʣҪô̫ˣɡܷ˵һɡϼһɫĳƱ˵һ¡˵վ߳˵˼ӮǮˡϼ˵ûӮǵǮ򱣱˵˶ˡվܷˡܷ˵һʱˡϼ˵˾ͺãôϵ㡣ܷԼĵ绰ְĵ绰ˡϼ˵ͷҸϵ˵ߺܷ߳ȥܷＷȥ£ϺϤ˶кܷӦţƾͷˡ 
֪ȥͺõòˣĴ˶Сһ㶼ӮܷһëëǮû꣬ͿʼͣؼˣֻǲǮµף춼ӮǮһСľһ죬齫ִɢˣӮӮģǱļţȴ˺ˣͬʱ˶ˣӾͳԲˣ뵽ҪˮܷķҪö˵ǳȥȥˣҪڻԴʮģǣҴ绰ǽǹ 
ܷ߳üңҪҸǣ绰ˣȻϼģɢô 
ܷ绰Ǳܴвˣģɤ˵ɢ㻹ô 
ϼ˵ڿOKһɡ 
ܷ˵ôˡ 
ϼ˵컹ϰôôģҹſʼء 
ܷ˵Ķ 
ϼ˵Ժ 
ܷû뵽ôȥҲû£һ뵽ҪʾͷȥһʱÿЩҲôѰϼô㡣 
ϼ˵ɣһ·ǿOKͷͷϺ촽OKˣ档 
ܷ˵ҹˡ 
˵绰ܷﳯԺǱȥϼ˵Ǳһ·ǿOK;˼顣ڶ0ôƫԶĵطOKЩ˻ᵽôԶĵط棬ûม֮ûǱԺȥֻԺǱǶ0õԺӣǱߵķҪЩм̵꣬˵ҪЩ벻ǱȫɿOK˻ΣӿˣҸ취ıˣʲôˡҲȥǶЩʲô취ѧһѧ 
ţ·߹ˣԶԶһƻͨˮӰ޵һɾܷҵ촽OK߽ȥſOKȴû˳һڰ̨棬кܷ￴ˣԭǳģ죬˵ϼɣ档ָܷţȴ洫ŮֵܷͬƿһŮƺȵϼһϣ˺ȽơܷһѿҪ˳ѱ˿ϼкȥֻܷùȥһӾƺȶˣԺ˵ӭŮ˵ܷܲϰߣ͵ˣȴҪ§һȾƣǰһϼæ˵磬ֺȶˣһһҸҵ˵㻰˵߹ܷ˵ĶǮ 
ܷ֪̾Щʲô 
ϼ˵ǮҲ¸ڹˡ 
ܷ˵ѽ 
ϼ˵ʯҲˣһˣɣôƯģǿϧˡܷ￴ϼһŨװ쿪úܵ͵Ľ·鹵˵ãһղŵΣһ¾Ͳ˼ֻ֣ǻţȴϼ˵ܵпڷ԰ɣЩ˵ǮȶĲס 
ܷסˣû뵽ϼԴΪû뵽һҵæ˵˵ɡ 
ϼȴ̾㻹ûζҰɣִҶˣзԲҪģҶ뵽Ҵǰõģָ·㳤ôƯҪ˷ˡ 
ܷ˵һȥһ°ɣͻȻ˵е㷴Ӧ 
ϼ˵ɣ˹Ұɡ 
ܷӦ˳˸ĦĽȥ 
ڶܷﻹû취ֻӮٿǮֵֻöǶȥ˲绰ˣԲģԲʵؽ㣬ɡܷ˵أһ͹ĶԲ˵˸ط绰һҾ͵ڣǮܷＺû˼ٴȥС齫ӮǮǣÿȥһˣҪһǼ˱ŻǮͲˣǮлеǮôˮȥˮˣٽǿ޼죬һʱûչǮġԱˣܷϣԼ˰иĦĳԲ˵Ǹطȥ 
ԲܷЦкؽ㣬ܷӦ˵ҶٻǮɡԲ˵Ȱѽˮ˰ɡܷżǮֻóٿǮԲˮҲˡܷ⵽ӱȥٶǮڵģǮÿаְȥɷǺҪǮĸöˬǡžͿų˸ݶԣŵһܷͷһȣͳһٵեǰǨϣҪǳݶԣͱٿˣһͰǧǮեأֳ̫ˡһܷͼץһһͲһƣһƵǼ㣬˵ˣ˽˦ϣ˵㶷ǨһʧˣܷﻹţһµͲԼƱȹȥʮ㣬˯šܷˣٿǮƮƮؾͲˣûǮˣûöˣڨûǮ̤ʵڨܷﲻ֪ʲôֵĳ᲻ߡֿ˶һʲôãȥǮǣǮĶѽվԲ˵ǮλҸˮɣǮһλͻ 
öĵ˾Ƕȥ취һղǮҲҪҪʣҪȥ취Բֵ׷ҪҲǼˣʲôʱÿһʲôʱøɫֶüзִ磬һͽ»ǮǮŪˣеһʱϣܣȥǳ̫̫ˣʱʱǵһ㣬֮һĿģѱǮŪѸϢ׬ɲҪװ˱Ƽˮ˾ˣ˼Ȼ֪ôȥڵ׵ǵҪҾ͸Ϸɡܷ˵óϿңҲһŮĲǮԲ˵㲻ǻӮôǮô 
ܷ˵ˡ 
Բ˵ǮһʱλҲûʲôܵÿˮ˰ɣҪС 
ҪôˮҪôǮܷ㻹ǶģԲûæ˵ģҵ绰ʮСʱʱҵõҡԲҲ£ܷŷĵ߳ȥ 
ֻܷȥöǶֶĳƯˣٻе˼֣ԸЩʵƵ˻ûж⣬ö壬֪ľǮÿǸҵõǮˮˣҲû취ֻغ˱Ӯÿˮˡ 
Ƕĳϵ¶סôһˣʲôҧˣܷļҲǺþֻһ˶ôһɣͬˮƽˣ治תˡִ޲ˣǶҲǷˮˡ 
ˮǮܷĥƣˮһǧˣǮûˮԲһֵܸƵһһ绰һһ绰ûǮֲ֪ĶҵǮܷﷳˣŷЩûԹһٺ÷û˯һ̤ʵİȾԹ˻һͷ˯ȥôôŰɡ 
ܷԼ˯һ죬Ŷˣ۾ûˮˣ֪ôˣﻹе£ʱ䣬ˣβȥǶͷһö춼ûкϵˣҲ绰æͳ绰ȥ 
һ˵һΪ㲻һˡ 
ܷһż췢£˵ôأֻеæʲô 
˵Է˾͹ȥˡ 
ܷ˵ɡ 
˵ҹô 
ܷ˵ˣһһ͹ˣҰɡ 
˵õġ 
˵绰ܷϴˣҪţ绰ˣܷ￴İĵ绰ͲǶ㲻ģǽˣ绰һ˵ؽ㣬Ķǵ㣬һ绰ռϣ㿴ǲǳһ¡ 
ܷһռסĵطҪȥû˵Ҳģ˼רųڷġæ˵ͳˡ 
˵ǵ㡣 
ܷ˵绰æسһӺһ·ˣ˵ؽ㣬ҵǮûУʻڨ 
ܷ˵˵취ء 
˵ؽ㣬Ҳϵ̫ˣˣ˼ 
ܷ˵ɣҹǮ 
˵кǣǵСҲǣ취ɣҪŪôҶ 
ܷ˵ûã˵ҸԲ˵ɡ˵ó绰ʾҳԲĺ벦ȥ˵Բǣܷ취ٿһɡ 
Բ˵̫ˣһˡ 
ܷæ˵ǲ㣬ٿɣҲǲã㿴ˮһǧˣôأٸʱɣǮʱһǷˮҲһˣĳĸתʱ 
Բڵ绰Ĭһ˵˵쵽õλ 
ܷ˵壬аɣ졣 
Բ˵˵รʱͱôˣð£Ҷ˵˵Ҫҹ˼ˣҪϴǰýǰɣٿ죬죬ˣѵ绰ǸֵܣҸ˵һ䡣ܷѵ绰˹ȥ 
11 
ԲлֵʱǵĳҲɢˣҹ˾˽Ŀ͸ɢȥԲʳǱɢôǼֵܹȥ 
߼ǳԷʱ䣬кλĿͳ˷ٶġ 
߽ȫʤӮʮ̵ģʱ˽ˣֵܻĹʷóҲˣԲǷǧЩֵܣֻ΢Ǻһ㣬Ǿͻİ͸εĸ㣬Ϊ룬ơ 
߰˴һҺõĲ͹ݣҪ˺òˣ˾ƣԲǾˡûϲ˵ĵ߰ԲеһߣȰǷݹʺͽøԲǧǮлл߸磬߸û˵ģһ㶼Ȼ˧ж֮ҲˣѹøõġʱЩʳȥЩûջ 
Բһһ˵ˣ˵0һŮǧһûͽҲˮӺСʯͷղŰҳ˵лǰ׺ģ˵ٿ죬廹 
˵˵һ 
Բ˵Ůǰ˵ҲǶĴģŲùĲ꣬ô˵Ҳģ·ôʲô 
һ˵ܷ 
Բ˵ԵĶԵģ߸ҲʶǣٲǮͰ׺Ҳܶҵõ 
ԲôʲôʱǶõˮ 
Բ˵һˡ 
ߵԺֳܷ︡ңȥǮĴڣΪǧǮƵҪȥɱ龰ЩĲԲ˵㲻Ҫ׷ˣǧˡ 
Բ߸˵ˣһɳԵòСͷһҺû̫ŮģϺϺ·зз˲Ųòأף߸ţǧǮҲô߸ʵɸɴ࣬ǰҲֻ߸˭ˮȴû˵ųˮȥջģʲôֵܻʲôŮĳƯǲǺ߸ʲô߸÷ôãҶ֪ģ߸˼˵ԹζĲּң߸Ͳġűɻ󲻽⣬ȴҶʡ߸Ļõġ 
˵ȥǳô 
Բ˵أһӮˣһˣء˵űóʵıܷǱˣ߸磬ô 
˵รҪʸƽóǧݸ 
Բ˵֪Ͳȥ׷ˡ˵߰Ǯˡ 
˵ûʲôԷȥɡ 
˻صϣЩƽһֱȥģ룬ûȥɣһͳˣû뵽һתˣ뿴ܷһѣɻԲҪĵ绰롣 
ӮǮҲ뿪ˣɷɣʼȥȥҹܻĶȫǮĸʣ˵ӮǮͲˣǻҪڨ׷Ҫս߼٣ִ绰ϵˣûϵţ͸绰ǳɢûСǳ߾ߣ˺ǡ 
˵ЩҲˡ 
˵˻㱨ˣôǿݶԣ졣 
˵úǣҴ˹ 
˵绰߻ͷкϳԲûҲϡԲǽչյ磬ҲԲˣ߽ȥһ£Ӧ˳ 
һ߽꿪ķ䣬ڶѾףسӮǮЦ˵Ǿӳ⣬ûӰʱǾͲ˵ˡ 
˵ǵǵģλӢ۶ڶĳѪɱɱȥģ˭ùʱ˭ҲӮûϲЦõʱľľֽԣû׷󣬾ͺһڡ仰˵õس͸ġ 
һ¾ˡԲƿȪˮߣվģ̇ͷһۿƽʱǰܺذߴҵǾҵҵҲ˵Բ첻Ҳ棬ƮСעǮӮúܡԲƽֻ˶ģԼӲģǮƣ˶ĵ֣еѪˣ䣬ľԣ㿴ЩһȾӮǧ򣬲ѣ˾Ͱ߸Ǯˣԭû뵽еģҲν붨֮־ͳһСǮ 
ţһص뷨ԾͽоĲĸо 
ׯߺעԲһ¾ǮԱһʶǳѣʶׯҴһɱĸһ۾ȫŹˣ֮ʮ˵㣬˳ơԲԼһëëǮ棬ǰ޲ǺһݣؾزȥƣͬեעǸ罫棬ԼҲż˭֪ǸԼͳȴţ¶ζЦԲ˵ǮǮԲ֪еøˣԼեһСǮһģ壬ߣˣţšʱ˶ӸׯұȴСׯæԵĳԣҲֻǮʮȫΨͲ˶ˣ׷ĽӼҶ֪ݶԣͰƿƸׯңׯҲʵ١˵ǧ˼ӾŰ٣ǧߡׯҺͬһһǮһһǧģž˦ˣϲԲƵġ 
Ǳ߷ȰԲһͳݶҲܵ⣬ҪǮȥ㰴ס˵һҪӮҲ˵͹Բ綼ڽҲ£˳ƽǧ߰ٿǮڸղš 
ׯҴϴƣ˶ע˽棬ɱһ˦ӣ䶨Ʒˡ϶ĿǱԼơԲһͬ꣬ˬˣ֮Ŀߣʮ㣬ԲͷһоӮˡȻׯģʮ㣬ȫӮĽǰǮƸׯңӮıšԲһ¾ǧİٿǮˡ 
ԲӮٴһԲͬŵ˾ȤҲԲе˷ˣ͹ԼͶ˾ŰٿǮžͱǮҪ˦ȥͻȻԽﱻһĪʶ£оҪӮתžڳһׯϴƴӣȥơùǵƣԼһţһƸԲԲһϲҲùˤͲ߿˱㽫ԼеһͲˡԲæʣ߸磬㡣ҡҡͷƲƲ콫ƵݸԲԼԲһͲ㣬ˣȥˣһԼƱõǼ㣬Բʵʵ˵㣬ӲˡҲԼƵׯ˵Ӯ˭֪ׯžؽĵҲֻиǮԲų߽еɣ߸磬ѵҲӮôڶѷ׷׽ԼһͲһŶͲһͲڳж壬Ͳˣׯͨ⡣˶ٻȸԾȫƱ龰òܡ 
˼Բ㶼ӮǮӮŰٿǮһȻСȤ׷ֵܣٹһԲɾͼôǮͷͻȻʹˣ˶ΪȲʱѪӿҲŤһֲһһ˰ٿǮҪһ볡СһǮˣȻ¿ԼեˣݶׯһⲻҪǮءǡǡׯҿˡׯ˿Щеλեööࡣ˼ټҿٶԸˣ׷׳עׯҼ˺´עҲѪȣ͵žһӽӹԲƲñ˰ʣƣһ֣ԼҲͲƣɸɴƷţһ᲻ԭһģһͲץУͲҲͲѽľһ۾ͿˤͲ׷׾Ľ Сֳݶˡׯһҡͷֹõ㡣Լţʮߵ㣬ΨݶӮֻһݣ˦ǮԲһǧȫ䣬ǮƷ׷ƵׯʰȴԲ̾ȫˣţٹһء 
ׯҾаˣСӮĹȫһ³ҲԲֵܣٹһءԲҲսȫ壬ԼҲŪˣžŰٿǮ͹ǧİ٣ٹһݶԣһСԼʮǮˣǱлˬټҷŹ٣ȲҲӮʹʹ콫ǮƳǮĸоʵ̫ˣ·綼ˣ˵ĸоǣһҲֵˡ 
ׯҼʹ죬Ҳеãˬߺϻȫˣظ׷׷׳עׯͨ죬ӽǣеɱ˾ӴԲƣԲԼûӦ˽ƸǰˡԲһѷ߽еݶԱһȴʮ㡣ׯƣʮһ㡣ӮȫȻСĶôõĹʺӮ年ݶԣŰٿǮգ۾ͱ࣬ƽʱֻųûĹëӲء 
ׯҳԵĳ⣬Ҳ̾˵ߣСأ黶ˡҲΪԲˣ˷У̹ءҲµôСֵܣĻûɣǼɡ 
Բλ綼̾˾ЩƮˣͻȻͷһ¾ɿˣǸղű̫ˣһɣ㳤³ǧ˰ٿǮˣ㣬һҲˣҲȥˣ߶ͷҲ˼㽫µһɢǮ׷ˡƽʱڳ˻죬ǸλǰǮû뵽ԼҲбֵĻˣпޱȣӲӵڳмϼšЦǺ˵ϰ󷽣ϰƯϰҸС÷޷ԲǣӮǮȥָϱڨԲֺˣ˷Ǯĸоֱ̫ˣء˱߾̾ñЦˣ˵ԵģԱ˾Ҫ롣 
ԲԽԽţԼҲûҪĵģһСļôǮпüֱû˵ѹֶĳôˣѹôԲԲҪԭļľǶһѾʮǰ׶ˣȫȫȫ׵ᵽˡֻжĳֻжĳпܽһҹ֮ΪҲֻжĳпת֮ʱ֮ϣʱ˭ٺڲçʹ죬ʹ죬֪»ʲôĲˣˡ 
12 
ܷԲͨ˵绰֮һ꣬˸Ħĵ֣ڼеˣ߽ݣܾеⲻȥЦЦ˵еæû绰 
˵ûµģæģʲôʱ˹ˡ 
ʵʵܵӣܷﷳһ¾ͻ࣬쾭̫࣬ķңһúǣܹҪҪ˳⼸첻֪᲻ôţͶˣչסܷﳢζζøУûзһضֱŵֱŰ㶨ԸģҪúõض 
֮ĿģôһͲˣ°ţڲõӡ˵ҪȥˣǶе¡ 
ܷ꣬ģ˵ɡ 
ܷ˵е£Լɡ˵ߵűߣסֻø˵ټܷҲ˵ټ߳ȥ 
ܷߵϣó绰ʯ绰ͨˣܷ˵ǶûǮ 
ʯ˵ôˡ 
ܷ˵ѽ 
ʯ˵ֻٶ顣 
ܷ˵õ취һǧҲС 
ʯܼٵ˵ȥҰɣĶңҵҸù 
ܷ˵ڵĵطһʯĦйܷ˵Ƕõˮܷ˵֪ˣһ̻Ƚáʯߺܷ绰ԲҲû취ֻȥˡ 
绰ͨˣǱߺ֣˵ϰ󷽣ϰƯԲ˵ؽѽҪ绰㣬߸ˡ 
ܷһ㶣òŪ˰ɣʵԲô 
Բ˵ѽ 
ܷ˵ܷŪûС 
Բ˵ѽѽûŪ 
ܷ˵ղ˵ʲô 
Բ˵˵߸ˡ 
ܷĺɣܷĶõȺ£ţ˵ĸ߸硣 
ֵԲˣ˵ɣ߸˵˵߰ѵ绰ݸһԵĳߡţԲݵ绰˵ܷģߴ᲻ֻýӹ˵á 
ܷû˵˵ʸˡ 
˵Ǻǡ 
ܷ˵ллˣǣһ֪˭ 
ڵ绰ЦЦ˵ɣںҹܻᣬҵõɣԱߣ⳵֪ 
ܷ˵ã͹˵绰г⡣ 
ԲĺǮԲӮǮҪߣţҲҸڲˣͽӵܷĵ绰ߣ绰ˣҶ÷ģ˵ں 
Ҷ÷˵һˣ»𳵣ڳ⳵ϣʲôʱؼҡ 
˵Ͼߣôûȥ㡣 
Ҷ÷˵ͬһ·ûԶǽûô 
˵ǱɢˣҴ˵ 
Ҷ÷˵ҵ㣬һȥɡ 
Ҷ÷ϰ࣬ʱ䲻֪æʲôǺ˲°࣬ʱȥûȥ⼸ֳʡȥŻ 
Ųһ绰ˣܷ˵ˡעԲ˵ȥһܷſڣϾͳ 
Բ߳һžͿܷкؽ㣬û뵽ˡ 
ܷǾ棬˵һ֪ôء 
Բ˵߸߸ˣؽ㣬ôҲǻأԺҪˮã첻ˮ 
ܷ˵ĸ߸磬ôʶ 
ԲҲˣе߸ǣ棬Ͼͳˣ٣ǹˡ 
˵ţߺһֵһˣܷＸûϳʵڲǰܷЦˡ 
ܷ˵ôʶ㡣 
˵ǲˣǰڻ˧ĳϣӮ˲ǮǮңҶɻˡ 
ܷ˵𣬶öˣǸʱ˶࣬벻ˡ 
ЦЦ˵ųɡ 
ܷһ¾֪֪ĵϸ΢΢һ䣬˵ѽ 
˵ҵûС 
ܷҡҡͷ 
˵ҿгӣҰæаɣˡ 
ܷͶ·ôһ˵Ҫ϶ĳˣǵȰѶҲܲİǺξģ˾ѣѵôӦš 
˵Ҹ绰 
ܷ˵ʱȥˣǮһỹġ 
˵Ժ˵ɡܷתҪߣ߿żªûйʣеһ¡ 
ܷеȣת 
óһǮݸƯ㵽ȥ־˵ڣܷһˣ֪ĳȥҷԵŮӸʲôӣֻǳôеΪ飬߼ѿ˵ԺлỹҵġܷȴЩͷӹǮװҪ˵ʲôȴԲе÷㣬߸ 
˶ǱܷҲعͷȥֻһŮУʲףߵһֵҲæкɩӣˡ 
ŮߵǰԳ˵ûСߴӦˣ˵ҪߡŮӿܷˣЦŶ˵áܷﷴӦ˭ˣʱ̬㣬˵һֳģݴȣپԼһһ㣬ɵɵ˵áͷߣĶûԣ벻ӣҪ 
߸оܷµЦҪҪ㡣 
ܷŻعЩ˵ллˣˡ˵ųŵͷҲͷܷתˡȴԲ˵÷㣬߸ˡ˵ǲǣ˺ö࣬ߡ˵ӮʮõȥɣҲǣ绰ҽСȥ㡣 
ȥѳкϳԲҶ÷ţ˵ҪȥԼ򳵹ȥߣ˳˳ţĿ˳ȥԼó绰أػûؼңڵԲ˳ȥڳԲǰǮǰԼǮƲסǿҵ˷ܣǮٶǣԳݵظһָֻص÷ǳƯ޳ÿع̳ضҪȥЩָҪһľϲҪҵõǮˣܿͻᷢҪ飬ǵĺǺúðҪǮȫ꣬ͶӹҸǣؿ϶˵ûȥġ 
߳߰Ǹֵͻȥ֮󣬲źҶ÷ؼҡ 
Ҷ÷˵п 
˵ʲô¡ 
Ҷ÷˵ƾֳˣʡ쵼ˣҶҪȥƾֳңȥɡ 
ͷ̫ܲԸ⣬ûҶ÷⣬˵аɡԴ޶͵ɶһҹѧУȥҶ÷Եλϵ¸ˣܶʲôһ˵ﲻԲӹģҲô۰ɡ 
Ҷ÷˵㶮ʲôڵλϸӵúܣڸĸһעͱŪȥˣǱ쵼һϾ;Աһģһһ㲻Ŭ˼Ҿȥˡ 
˵ƴƴɱɱĵΪ˭ˣλôѻ죬ؼϰˣ־һǮҲûˡ 
Ҷ÷˵ллˣϴڶĳϻ춼סรһʵʵҵİ࣬ҵĹʹҵ˵㣬óʱصλȥϰȥ˵ʲߣǸλֲȱǮˣ棬ʲôʱѽ 
˵λʲôãܾиƵλžͺ˲ˣ㿴ЩͬһñҪڶĳϷܶдסôгôƯ·ôѽǵ߸硣 
Ҷ÷еǣޣûһȥˣͲ˵ǻծ̨ʱ򣬵Ҫʡ 
˵ĳڨʤΪ߰Ϊܣ˵ʲôһģֻǶĳøֱһЩˣ˵ҲҲ£ҲҪҵ£Ҫȥ㹫Ҿȥ㹫أСǮЩͬҲ䣬аɡ 
Ҷ÷˵ǻУϹ 
˵Żһ½С߰ѳͣˣǰʱӵλϰ˳λЩӶ޵ñȽС㲻ڵҪˡÿֵͬµǵ¼Ǽ·ߴŻ齫߶ǿķ޲ڵʱҶ÷ر㣬ļұȼֳļһɣǵһ˽ҳϰˣЩŮͬЩĽҪñȽ˳ƾֳֻվֳˣǼûʡֻƾֳ嶼˵վֳˣҺǼʡŵס˻ƾֳŤתǬ죬ͱƾֳˡϻƾֳһϷɻǾ˻𳵣ƾֳ绰ǣ˵ˣǸʱڻˣλϵ£ٳϵ¾ô˵ģδһģƾֳӮҲҶ÷ӮˣҶ÷ضӮˣӪεǸȱǸˡ 
ȴ˵ܷ˳ؼңһţ绰ˣǸ´ģڸʲôܷ˵յҡ˵Ետɡܷ˵ſ𡣸˵Ǻ 
ܷ˸ĦĹȥѵˣܷʣôԼҳտˡ 
˵ͷλϵ¡ 
ܷ˵ôˡ 
˵ǵλ쵼ˣִҶĻ̵̻ģ֪»ʲôˡ 
ܷ˵㻹ͦ벻㻹ôǿҵġ 
˵ЩصһλˣڵλϷչô˵ЩѹֳˣվֳƾֳΪλŪòˣվֳҴʱʡֻƾֳ绰˵ģûɣ˵Ҷ÷ƾֳСֶʡֹҾ͸еվֳ̫ˣȻˣЩվֳػʲôͷҶ÷һֱӪελãػ˵϶ûϷˣ뵽ԼʮˣֶǸɲữŮͬ־ʮޣһβɾͲ֪ʱˡҶ÷ǸӣƽʱĹɼΪ˼ޣ¾ܵòˣͰ칫ҵ඼ȥˣҶ÷ж͡ 
ܷ鲻ãο˵ұһ£ͺùˣ㻹иĵλô䣬ҲһЩ±䶯жٲģ㻹иҸļңأ֪ɣұƶˡ 
һʵʲôʱ£ôҲ˵һ 
ܷ˵һˣ˵ôԼǰһǺܸмôࡣ 
˵ʲô 
ܷ˵һѽҵ¥æ 
˵۾ôˡ 
ܷ˵ðɣ״̬ˡ̲סЦܷ˵һ;ԼжҸˡ 
¾ùȻЩЧ־Լɣ˼Ҳ˲žԼҸ˵ÿ˶ÿ˵Ѵǣ˱ˣҲˣⱲӾˣ쵽ˡ 
ܷ˵֪㳣֣һա 
²Цôء 
ܷ˵˵ȥŪʲô͡ 
˵أ˵һеĽ㣬ʲôʱ㶼ûȱȹ֮ 
ܷ˵ǶЦรҶôˡ 
˵㵽ǿԸıһˣҴȥһ꣬Ƕò 
ܷ˵ȥ 
òȥϰ࣬˵Ҵȥ 
ܷ˵㲻ϰô 
˵ѵȥҲ࣬Ļȫ˼ҵģʲôȥͷҲȾһȥ 
˵˻ˣ¾Щܷĵ绰ˡһģʲô¡ 
˵е㣬æûС 
ܷ˵æˣ͸һտ 
˵ˣ绰ˡ 
ܷЦЦ˵˯þ 
˵绰˵ģһЦܷůůģ˵ĸо                                 
03 
 13  
߽˱裬绰ϵڶĿִͣ绰ܷ˵˵طܷ˵͹߿û˿ˣתСڣȥһ˳̧ˮЩùһűֽĲµһֿʼˡ 
ˣæŰѳһϰСҲˣ˸ĿߺǸˣʷҲ˵һǸͷ߰ѷϰ˰ˣ˼ԼһڶĿͶġվܷ绰˵ˣ߽һֵȥ 
ܷﻻһͷæһϣͱ˸˼ҡҷ˽ߴк۾һܷкͷˣһܷӦȴһŮƴ֣ǧ׷һҵоˣϲľϲһܷ֡ﱾЩҵһ죬ſһ֪ԼȥˣòСֵܻԼӹ󷽷ȥжĿͼŮЩԾϰܷˮרҵǰģ˵ֶеԣڷǶ棬ǶǸŮĳˮһϣǮͿһǡĿҲЩͬеЦ̸ 
ܷ˵ҵֶԵúܣ㷽ϰڣ͸ˡ 
ϰܷĻúܣܷеģˡ 
Ųһܷ˾ͻ˸죬պõúܡ 
кǵ⣬绰ˣǺģʲôطҪģ֪Ǯˣ˵ˣҪҪӡ˵ˣúܣԼ 
ֻһͺֵܹˣߵֵæк磬üûˣĶȥӮǮˡ 
ǸֱˣӮҲԼֱҵøˣҪˮûʱϣҪҪˮˮ˾̫ͣˮˣĸ֮ˣ뵱Լݺĳ֮ʱЩСϺƤЩ֪ĶϹأſûתǰԼ⼸ڶĳϻ죬֪˶ˮ˾յһùˣ𣬾ȻͣˮڶʲȥյǰŻǮȫЩˮ˾ֻһʱתˣû𣬲Ӯˣʱٰѵ绰򱬣ӻҪŹ£ЩطߵֵܸкҲġ 
߼ˣҲӭˡ 
Ӧţߵߣһž˦ϣóû⿪Ǯȡ˲ǮϵĽȦ£ͽ˷ơ 
ֻ̧ܷһ˲ţΣŵСֵܶʲټֹ£ԴȤ 
ͬʱҲϵŮˣܷòޣ欣һ˵Ըˣﰵ̾ȻҲûʶپǰŮӶлҶһ㣬ûһޣŮӿҲ 
ƷˣǮܷԱƿˮݸЦҪݲ衣 
߳߼ֵܻ˲ݹܷ˵ߵﶼһ衣 
ܷ硣 
˵磬㲻ʶѽ 
ܷ˵û 
ԱһѾ̾ĲĵѽȻ˵ûĴĹˡ 
ܷ˵𡣱˵ٿ˺һۡ 
ȴǶ˵µŮòҪʶ 
ܷȤ֪ʵΪʲôΪʲôô˵ 
ǶѵĿ͵꣬µŮԵÿҲÿ졣 
ȫЦˣΪֻǷ˿˿Ц⡣ 
ԱһŮĿ͸кεĶȥˡ 
Խ㣬㲻֪ò҆ 
ǻԽ㵽Ҳкҵʱ 
˵Խ㣬ãϹǮ㣬Ĳ˼˵һ룬߱˹ܣһ߱ʣ±ҲŮˡ 
ԽܷŮȿЦԽЦƨĸǮĳϾͲǮม 
ҲȫЦЦưͺ˵Ļζ 
ҲǸĳ˼֮ˣʮʱɽһѣв޿⣬ˣǮ㿪ʼڵأûûҹڣȥ֮бһٶʮ򣬲깦İѻӻʣ޼ںҲǮ̫أʱ㾡֣ʱٴ⣬ǮʲôǮ˵ǮΪܣ˵ỨǮŻǮΪûǮʱǮǮȥɽôǮֳƯƨɺŮ˸һԹζĲּңĶܹܵסԼǸˣ˩סջƵأҶģҲƷɣЩǳŮҲ޷ǿ˺ǮûǷȥҲưܹ⣬ҲûɶӳɲûǮ߾Ϊ£룬˵ֲ˼룬֮󣬾ֻкͺűסӵĽ˶ġ飬̬ȼϸһҲǳ£˳ڶĳû˭֪Լһٵʱ򣬳㲻ˣ֪ҲĸԸ꣬ٲͲ֪һ֡񫡱󡣺֮ˣֻԼԼҲԼȥܻǧɢʱ򣬳ûδ¶ƶ⾰·ģҲٵؾͬˣŵĺãʮţŰĴöӡһԼпǣҡŵһ׷ӣʮǮƣҲԼŶӹȥˡû뵽깦򣬱ˣĸ׿̣δܳ˫ɶк£ϷСˣ˾˻Ҳ⣬쵶ն齫ˣͷлţűźӺͼҲתˣճɾǳ˵ģʧ֪ǸҲǳ˵ģվģվġ 
ʱ䣬һֱùˣˮ˾Эȣֻ֮࣬ǰȣǰ˵ǿһķϾ;һΣԺҪٶˣٶҲȲˣǮеýüսӴһ·ЩСϻ컹ʱˮ˾䣬ɽˮʲôѹģͺڣֽȥҲֵˣοúõػţеöģǵôŮȰ뾡ǧɢӮøʧȥȫ̻ʱͽϴôǣܣԲܣ˻ôܲĲأĲûʧȥ˵Ȥǡ 
еãӸԾڶĿͱ߶ıЦţʱ÷ɿ죬һһˣƤڲڣ̣ȴƲ˸һţߵ˼ӭǰȥкʷ磬üûˣ쳡úܣͲˡæֵܿ衣ʷ΢ЦҲӦ˳ԼȴɫߵǰŮԺкλ 
ܷ״ͷСϸˣһˣﰵԴţһ˭ˣⲻ˰ֵʷֳǰڵλϰʱÿ곧ҪˣҪȥھϿˣôҲЩطˣҪѵûȦӺͶôܷ⡣ʷֳǼƣҲ˲Ȼ𾢣ܷЦעʷֳʷҲ˸ŮŮӶЦ㵽ֻ¶еˮ˾ˮ 
ߵֵææˡ 
ĳϵǮǽҰﵹȥģ˵ĺ治Ǯ˺һˣ˸죬ŶûһǰͶһѣǮߣ߼ˮ֪ҪˣЦ˵ڿӮǮˣҲˣӦţǰǮˣֶ˶ʮִˣǮˣһɢǮˣܷʱţݸܷѧ˵ϰ󷽡 
ˣʷȴôãһʹ𣬲ˮڽлˣܷж⣬Щ˶ôĶǮ˲һǣʮ򣬾ͽȥˣǣʷһͽʮˮùʵ˻ôЩһмǸɾġţȴЦţ˵ʷǺʡʷ˵ʲôʣˡܷﰲοûʱʱˣѾŪʷЩ˳ҲզҲӮˣ׼ἸѸ̻Ǯµøˡ 
ܷбװˣȥˣſպйװǮӳߵĹ⡣ 
ӮǮˣ˷Ǯֵܷţڰ 
һ˾Ͳį;ʱûˣһСľ͵˳ʱ䣬ȥ˷ּ 
ܷ绰ʲôȥܷ˵æһæ͹ȥ 
˵ҽȥ绰ѣǸ˵ûǶˡ 
ܷ˵Ǻǡ 
˵ʲôء 
ܷ˵һѽҵĲ¥æ˵߿һԣ˵ʱϰ࣬һٸ˵ɡ 
˵绰˵㻹ô 
ܷ˵û¡˵ߴӲŶǮгǮ 
ŲһʮһˣӮǮˣ˵ļԽԽ٣ʷˣƼȥֻ䣬վҪߡѣʷҲҪˣҲû˶ͷӾɢˡ߽ڶĿһһߣعͷʣջСó˰ٿǮݸܷ 
ܷʣҵĹǮô 
˵ô 
ܷŲ濴˳ߣһ˫Ƥϲ˳ŵƤЦʲôеģһǷôࡣ 
˵Ժù˼ǵҾˡ˵Żȴվڷڵļ˽˽ÿ˷ٿǮֵܲÿ췢Ǯæ꣬չˡ 
߳߶ܷ˵һ߰ɡܷ˳ӵ˳绰˯ûС 
˵ڿӡ 
ܷ˵ˣٹɡ 
˵ȥʱעⰲȫ 
ܷ˵֪ˡ 
˵绰˵˭绰ء 
ܷ˵Ѱɡ 
˵Ӹɣ̫ȷǲ̫⡣ 
ܷЦҲųƯ 
˵еʡ 
˵Ż͵ռϣܷ˵³ɡ 
˵סƵطǡ 
ܷ˵˵ҸסĶء 
ЦЦ˵ɡ 
ܷ˵绰ɣټЩ˵˳ 
ܷصסһˣ߳кܷ֪ҪǮˣӰóǮݸ˸ֺõӴӮǮˡ 
ܷЦӮǮˡ˵߽ȥȥˣҲԻȥˡܷţǮóһǧٿǮԺǣôܱǮأ㲻ȥǮǮԼܵڴôôţԼҲ̫Ǹˣ˳룬ӹӣ˼ҲôֻһѰգ˵ɻҲɻҲǣĳϻ˴ˣö࣬һ˵˼ȥ⣬ôţԳЩøС 
14 
Ų죬ܷȫӦµ̤ʵЩˣЩطǮҲףֻԼҪȥģǮˣʵʱͿˡͻȻͶºܺ棬׷һҲ¥֪ô˵͹ȥˣһ棬˵ʲôɸˣûĳʵˣŵˣͲõ˻Ȼ벻Ͳ⣬ɴͲЩ뾡ҵǮһһֻҪĽ̶˵ʵûʲôˣʱ飬ٷԼǰһ 
ߴ绰˵£Ѵ绰ˣСȵƵ꿪ˮ˾һȹȥѳҲҪСںֵ֪ôǱ¾͹ 
ܷ˵õģæģ߽ǰɡŹ˵绰СھʹˣԼڽ 
Ҷ÷ҳ·㻻ˣ˼Ҷȥˡʰ׵һƾֳȥ 
ƾֳҼǸ˷һΧƾֳ齫һΧƾֳƽ𻨡ƾֳ½Ǩֳֵ˱òãһʮףؾʮ˵ǧˣһ˫۾׳־ǵסĹɣ緢Ϊ񿡡Ҷ÷ˣкСҶҶ÷ѳ߽ܸƾֳƾֳС£˵ò˲ǮءЦǮڰɡƾֳ˵ԲԣܻǮģҶ˵˵ġ 
Ҷ÷ƾֳкعͷųߵкƾֳˡҪҪģƾֳߣƾֳһְһԱɹԱְŪӪƾֳֳҶ÷ûһӪε»˵žҶ÷ˡֻ֪Ϻܶ˲ڴ˵ƾֳΪЩҥӰƾֳ˵ĹϵԼ˳߽һҶ÷ߵƾֳǰкƾֳˣ㣬ðɡƾֳ˼кԼӦ˵ԣѡҶ÷˵Ϲǽมƾֳ˵ҸɱɱӴҶ÷˵ƾֳ˵աҶ÷˵ճ¡˵㣬áƾֳ˵УС˱߸Ҷ÷˵߸óλ 
߸ƾֳкһ˴ƣȫǴʵƣЩûһ·ϴѺƸƾֳˡ˭أֻдԼˡ˼ѣףƣϴ£ȥͨƾֳõúܣҲãҲƣֻǮ֪еƣǮ˲٣ҿƣһ˴𣬶ˣֻʣƾֳˣһˣ˵ܵ˿ڨԼˣ˵и޸һ֡˵Ǯƾֳ˼ƴҲƣһȻһA𻨣϶ôǮͨһǮһ˼˿ƶҲƣһѣˡóˣװģ˵㣬ûиรҪㆪ١˵ǮƾֳôƣҧˣԼ񣬻񣬰ݣֻ¶ɫ˵׺𡣳˵ˣԼԼˣôƣȥ˲ֲܣһ˵ִٽȥ˼ˣȤſ˿ơƾֳ˵⵽Ǿڨ˵ԼƣһǸA𣬶ƾֳá˵ҲǼٵģ˵ԼƣһǸQ𡣶˵ߴأƳô𻨣ֻһ־Ϳˡ߻⵽Ҵˣ˼Ҿ͸ƿ϶ڨ˶˵ǽءƾֳĻŭŵǮ˺һˣЩĴˣֻЩСƱϣٹϴ 
ߺ˻绰ͣû֪ͨĶĿͣ˶ﲻ˵Ǵ绰Сڡһ绰ˣСڴģǮȥ˵ˮ˾ˮˡʣŶһѽõúôС˵õúมһ˷ܣ˵ȴ绰ԲǶЩϾ͹ 
߹˵绰˼ʱ˶ǧǮƾֳӮ˲٣Ҷ÷˵Ǳ£ҪȥһˡƾֳˣС´ãкøУڵ绰˵ҪߣЦ˵Сæǡ˵ǺǣǱ߹˾е¡Ҷ÷ˣֲ߱Ц˵ѽæĶסƾֳ˵æȥһԷ˵һٿɣҪȣ÷ˣһ绰ҹ㡣ƾֳ˶Ҷ÷˵СءҶ÷ӣ˵æȥɣͷ绰 
¥ȥͳߣǺܺãźһͶˮˣЩ˺ǣžȥһ 
ȴ˵Сڣܷ˾ˮܰѳˣﲻܿͷֳߣһƽ𻨣һեӡˮǮʵÿˣЩ˶ӮǮˡ 
ܷæţ⼸ʱѺڶĿͻ˸죬òжĿͶϲЦܷҲǸõˣ˵Ŷ໥Цȡ֣ոɺϰܷһߣ类סˣ׽Ӯ˲ǮЦǺǵٿǮȥܷ˵Ҹ¸ףòáܷЦ˵Լˡϰ˵ڻ£Ҳ ˵Цţ˵׿ʼͨƣܷϰԾϣȦܷһ˵áϰ˵ʲôãƼȦֲɳ𻨣ơ˵ǮȦܷ֮ٽУˣˣҪˡϰͣ£ܷһģƵ˱˷ƣܷԲӵǮˮƷ꣬õģ˵ 
ܷƣһ˸Σ۴չȥֻһ˿õƵݣЦƶƲƵʽܷר־ƣһҲƣϵһ÷KؽĨͿһһƣһƣž¶ˣһKKͬรƣðȴǸԲԴǾһKˣܷｫƺ£ڻԭλ˵򣬱ԼϰǮȥˡǮԹƼȦ˼ܷдҲ׷ûи񣬶ˣֻһQҲܷ˶ˣԼҲǶƣ׺Ǯ˵ɶӡЦ˵һŮˡܷͷһϲе޲ˣҸɵˡ˵Ļ֪һKˣһһKʲôʹ״еรǿˡ˶˵ˣȵˡһӮҸպñҴһ˵ǿ顣ܷеһһءȫЦˡ 
ʱŽˣ˲ֺʵʲôôˡ 
ߣǿˡ 
ʣһ 
ȴܷ࣬Цҡ 
ɲʱܷĹãסˣֻŹʣĶ˵ϣһŮ̸ЦЦޱöֿ˶ǰǸܷˡŮڶĳ㿴Ůһ˾ͱһˣЩȦõˮ˯ͷ 
ܷѼǮϳһЩϰ壬ϰ尴˵ģӮġܷһЦǮˣϴơϴƱ߶ԺЦ˵ֽޣֽԽԽ 
˵˼˵ձֽմְ壬иŮĽ¿ӡ 
˵Ͳãи˵ձֽйͷۡ 
˶Цˣ˵һʱŮһһ䣬һһɫֱ˷θһĿͽеߣܲһรˣûˡ 
ߴչ˵ԼҪǿҪܲꡣ 
˸Цһ̣ͿЦţֻԲֵܽˡԲɢˡ 
Բû˵ֵСʯͷѽӹͷ˷ܵ˵ܸ׵úܣԼǱߴˣӮˡ 
һĿ˵ǱһᣬˣԲ⼸ȵʺˣôã飬ˡ 
˼ӮǮְɨá 
ԲЦĸҺЩЩȡ˵ŻĶˣгߵ߸磬ȥ˵ 
֪Ҫʣȥˡ 
Բ˵굱³档ԲͷӲúܣߵﲻǴѴѵǮһʱ̲Ǯϰˡߺ˵Цűϴɢʱ˶ʮ޲զࡣ 
15 
ܷŸղŴǮȥԽԽĿпˣܷǮֿˣ˺ǣ˵ЦģܷƽһʹýǿڰˣûǮˣϰҹȥϰóǮȥ̳ҲɲǮǿһǩ־ˣô꣬һҲءһʱܷڳϹоҲעأӮˣЩҸǮֱС˼һ£ڳģҲеЩǮˡѳߵǮˡ 
ܷڶĳ۾ỨǳɶƹƹȥǮϱֽԵľЩµ˺Ůˣһ㵹ܿסԼЩطҷԼһעпܽʯ󺣣ȥ޻ءҪֻȵģֵغġ˵ʲô⣬˵·ɣҾƷζܷ˵ע⵽Ķкõ档˵ļҲ¥ôôæܷ˵òæڨҪңȥǲ¥Ȳ裬ڳϡ 
ĩܷŽɢ˳ȥӱʹ绰ʯ˵ˡǮʱܷ¾ǴȥԿϵ»ڿʼϲˣˣ˰⡣ߴ绰˵칫ץýڳˡȥ˵ط绰ܷ򳵹ȥ 
ܷ˳ͷͱһ𣬸öණٸԼöණǣǸһζôõʱѽͷ̵ģͣסˣһ޲ܷ˾ʲôˣôô೵ôˡ˾˵Ƕ0ˣ˵ǵٵ̰ۣǮˡܷͲſ·ί·ǰ治Զίܷк棬ȥ˾˵߹ȥˡ˵߸Ǯ 
ܷһ·߹ȥȻίſڵĴ·ˣ·բˣס˹ǰ׵׺һдţֹҪ˵һдţҪƽҪܷϸٿ˲ףǸɫƣª·Ǳ߻һȺΧίſڡǰͺЩһ͹ŵôȴ治֪ܱõĶȥֻܷеǮÿ·ǮڶĳѡЩ˻һУһ٣һ㷨Ӷ벻ֳĻе治֪Ϊʲôֲֲ˵治˻Ͷ̥ȥ 
㲻ҲòĶȥѽһ뵽ֺ㣬ʯ˸ҪȥܾûǷʲô壬꣬ϲа취ҵǮˣôҲûȥǸ϶ƶͷİѽһ㶼ôĮİѽһҪЩʲôһҪڹúһʱĽ㣬ѪԵĶĿ˵Թޣıÿۺʱۺִʼϵŵģôöѽ 
ܷ￴ǰУ߽ȥȡһǮֵ˸ŴȺִ˸ȥҳǡ 
ܷȥ׶԰˶ӣĸˣ˵ȥԿϵ»ǻֿ˳ܷ￴Ŷӿĵӣ͵ҸСܷﱧСһڣ˳ִӰһŰԪƱ۳ָűʣòÿǾϲ˵裬ÿָܷϣָķֻڴķָϣ˵͸ˡǮĽָòˡܷĵӾ㣬˵ԺǮ˶һôֱͷܷ˵衣㱧ܷһ͵ˡ 
¥Ҫ˳Եģ˱ڿߵһϡṵ̋سżȣ֣˾ͷܷоԼ˶ԡһְĹҸ͸һɹɰСлһҪúñߣ˻Ȥ 
˳˿ϵ»ȥ̳˲ٶܷﱾͶӻȥģ᲻ã뵽첻ѧʱ裬˯ֱͷܷ͸ʯ绰˵ȥˡʯ˵ǻίſھ϶ȥˡܷ˵ûʲôʯ˵ûУǻ̸УһˣûҪһˡ 
˵绰ܷߴ绰߸˵˸طܷű˳ȥ 
߿ܷŸ޶ʣô 
ܷ˵ǣг塣ӵؽˡ˵ӳãС˧һתȥʱˡ˵ꡣ˵ԡ 
ܷñһԼȥ߿ܹԵӣһ齫ű齫û뵽һ͸˵һܷ￴齫ЦŸ˵㲻Ҫұ̻ˣ߽еԩˣ˴ϻۣʲôĸǡ 
ˣһĹ󣬳ܷؼңܷﻳ˯ˡһÿȥܷ﷢澹ȻǶ0ˣó绰ʯôˣǡ 
ʯ˵ǻس 
ܷ˵ʲô 
ʯ˵Ӧ˼һٿǮԭһ˰٣ּӳһŰˡ 
ܷ˵ŪôΪһǧǮ 
ʯ˵Ǻǣ̸һ죬ʱʮˣ㲻֪׵ûţŪ³ 
ܷ˵עⰲȫһسȥѱ͹ȥ 
˵绰ʣǱİְ֡ 
ֹܷѽָɶรΪһǧǮһǧǮܸɳɶ˵űʯĴʵ̫ˣǿһ뵽ͻȻԼеˣҲ԰ѱŪˣķһ²ŶǮٱҪʲô𣬿Կϵ»ǲܷͷӣ˯ۣó绰ʯִȥ˵Ұɡ 
ʯʣںùЩˡ 
ܷ˵Ҳ̸ϣҵõǮ 
ʯ˵ҲãӰ㣬ٲôįˣǶ쿴ʲӦ˵ɡ 
ܷ˵Ǿɣһ˵˵绰ÿôԱһ𣬲ΪһõĻôܱܽٺ¶õ˶ǣҪҪԱá 
żռܷͳߵ˱𣬱űȥˡ 
ܷﱧŶӳıӰ߽ǸƾɵСԺڶĳôɣߵй˵ζ 
ܷ£춼˯žֱĥҪʱе⣬һ˯ȥͿˡԭ˵ϻسȥģҲˣ绰ʯ˵Ȳˡ˵ɡ 
ܷű˷绰ߣ߽ڿϵţǹˡ 
츻԰Щ£ɱˣץýﶼڳˡ߿ųܿʻ˳սһС·Χȫï̵ܴİ֣һֹսһС·ôռ£ڿӿӰ·Ͽ˺ð죬ſǰ˼˼ң˸Կĵطͣ˳³ˣЩ˴ӷݱ߳СڽеСڣ氲źûУС˵ģڰںüأġ 
˹˻߽һԺԺ˵Ǯڳݣ˿ĶܷԱ˵úԺҪܡŴ۾ͷܷ￴ԱһŮӵһȸһкܷӰͳŶʮԪĳƱݸŮӣѱãϲŮֱͷ˵ķģҲµġ˵ű߽Ǳȥ˸õİݸбĶܷﱧ߽ȥׯԱߵλ˵˽½½Χ˹ûĵĵ̸﷢£˵Щ0ȫϵĳˡһðڶ0ЩŮĲűˣʮǮöһ˵ĶҪô࣬һ׷۶ö˶Ц 
Ѱȥ˵ģþûֵˣֵ֪ܲˡ 
ȫˣߺĸ٣λϽ˷׷עֺĿˡ 
ȴ˵ǰʱڶĳŴˣǷˮ˾ǮԲĴЭȣ֮£ϻһǮûǣѴˣҪζûҪıͬһ£гɹ쵽Ǯˣ˼˵Ļ޵޶̳ԣȥּ£ȵȥˡһ쵽Ǯͱˮ˾ȥһ룬ʣµѿǮڸĳǰãӮǮ뵽Щѣ̸´ء 
֪ȥûϼѣǼǮŪˣٿҲãǮʣ޼˶ϣҲҲκǮˣ۶ˣеˮ˾ˮˮ˾˽ˮ̽ͷţֻõСڣŵˮ 
Сڿߣ߸ʹɫ˵ͣˮˡ 
Ļģֽˮ˾Ҷ˵ͣˮˡŸı϶亹ֻеӮǮһѣ۰ͰͿ˶ģγעȻͳݶˣ»עȻͨɱоզôãȴûǮ棬ͷˣʹĪοģǲôʱһվ˵ҲǮиλûȴһλӣµûǮÿ 
Ҫ˵ʲôͷ˳⣬㲻ҿǻվ˳ȺͷԽԽЩˮ˾̫ЩӮǮǮʱһˮˮ˾˦˦ӮˣͣˮиղˣۣǶģҪһĲɡͷţѶԿǡٿҲ˸⡣Ľ˵ߣ޷ģĽеϰ壬ķѡ춼дϴ׵Ķͽһϰ嶼ᷢСëëǮôǣķѡߴܷһٿǮݸֵܣ˵»̡һ仰ĵһȴԳߵ˵ͷ߳ȥ 
ĵһԶڹ֣ϴʹȥȹһӡĺߵ·ϣΧûվڵˣƢ󷢣˵ҪһĲɡʣҪʲô˵ǡ˵ҪãĲӮҲҪһ˾Ժ㻹ô죬㻹ܵĶȥġ˵ӿЩˮ˾ǮʱһûǮʱ㣬ӿǣ˵˵ĶҵõǮ˶Ҫˣô࣬ӾٱǻоٱѣǮġĵĻãǵҲǮˣĴǶ˲Ǯˣ˵ֵܣҲܱѽ 
ó绰Ǹݡ˵дӾȤİڵĻһݻˣ˵ҹ˵˵绰ҳǡǾףȥľ͸˳ 
ȴ˵߳ĵȻ죬ߵĵ绰ˣֻõ绰Ｑٵ߸磬쳷һ䣬һϺȣѵ绰£ŻٽžǰһУ绰Ͷˡ߳ȥˣ쳷ˡ 
һˣץԼǰǮɢ׷׶ŶӡܳҪܣԺСϣ»г£ͷܷѱгˡܷ߱űĺ棬˱ԺһС·ԺӺȥֻһ˲ȵ￴Ӱˡʮףȷ˸ϲͣĶ˷ʲôûͨͨĲŽ 
ʣ裬ôҪء 
˵ڴ̣㶮ˣǴӮ˾Ҫˡ 
ֵؽรãϲˡ 
ܷͳߴЦܷﱧ˵ǱǸ¸ҵˡ 
˵ҲǸ¸ҵˡ 
ܷЦ˵˵ĶԣҲǸ¸ҵˡ 
ҲְˣȴܷﱧŶӣӵôרעۣ˰ͶһȫȻڶĳΣЩô࣬ŮԵȻĶһŮӶౡ 
ܷ﷢ֳûǵĻ̧ͷһ¾۾ܷһһֱֶʲôͷӿˡ 
߻ع˵֪ôˣҳȥǾûҹǡ˵ű߳ȥˡ 
ܷĲɵشӦţоԼЩȣűڸ˵ʲôҲû壬ֻڸղŵղźǷʲôûУΪʲôͻȻͳ꣬ 
˺һڽУ㣬ˣˡ 
ܷСڵǣű߳Сڣûˡ 
С˵ûˣҺüʱڱˣذȵϴ绰߸磬ˣ˱ˡ 
ܷʣء 
С˵Ǳߣҹ 
ܷʣЩء 
С˵ЩˣǸɲˡ 
ܷ˵ûһۡ 
С˵ûУĶŵõڰڶǺüأôǮŪô 
ܷС߹ȥֻм˻ڣ˶ˣ߿ǹܷнӹװǮУóٿǮС˵Ǹ˱ĶûС 
С˵û˵ĶЩƤˡ 
˵һǮ 
СڽӹǮӦųȥˡ 
֪֪ĸˮ˷׷ײ²һȷһˮ˾˵ҺûţôǮĸɵģյȡ 
߼߳ɢˣ绰Բô 
16 
Բӵ绰ʱǶҲɢˡһʱԲʲôˣʺסĺãֱ񻰣߷ˮÿ쳡һԼȰˣָ˵ĵȥŰϴףְǶãⲻӮøġɢ֮󣬱۴绰˵ǵĳţȥ 
ԲҪȥ0ͽӵߴĵ绰˵߸ˣԲţһ߿˳˰ѽ½ˣ˵ϵ 
ͳ߷ֺԲϻӺСʯͷ˳ͳ0۵ȥˡ 
һ⼸ڶ0Ū˸ӣ0Ĺ쵽ǮˣǵõúܣԲȥѡ۵˿ԲӮ˲ǮԼ0ȥӣ˵ôǮˣαظųߣԼɡ֪һỹᵽԲĿˡԼᣬͷԣȺһͲŻܸʩչʱ ᣬƾʲôһȥͮͮǲԲҪĺǡĳûԶӮңЦĶǿӷˮˣԼȦ죬Ȧ죬ȦأҪ͵Լĳ߸磬硣ڶ0 ˹ǮҪСǣЩ˶ǵĳתһȦҲˣ0ǧء׷Ҫʾ0ȥǸطкöڶรҲǣԽûǮԽǺöģԲԽ󣬶ԽǳԣȲ߸Щ󳡻˶ѽһкˣЩǮڶĳϵȥȫӷˮˣֻҪǮҪ߸Ūô߸Ӵ󣬷ųˮ࣬ҲϸˮֵǸɲʮˮϣ𹫿ˣҲʬġһڶ0ӷˮͷ̣ǵǮڳתתתˣǳŪͣҲɲ£ǵ֯֯ĵ⣬ȱľǮҪҲҪԲ˱ˡԲʵеƵˣƾʲôȥΪޣǮҲܷˮˮöֵסңԲϴ󣬴ҲҪԲò 
һ˵˶0ռչյһ¥ǰ¥ȫţֻ¥һ䷿УӰԭʱˣ۵˷˿ڶĿ͡ 
Բ˽Цӭ˵Ǳɨˣʱɸˡ 
Բͷһƣʱ񻰾ʹˣһղǳĺüתսˣЦ˼˵˵סҲû취ѽ 
Ǳкһģоָʯ޴ȣ˵Բ޲עкæֵ衣 
Բ˵0Ȼһĳʱڶġ 
ʯθеʹؿ˵ǲǣֹҲûˣĲǵĵһְҵˣҪڶְҵȥĦġ 
˴ЦԱһϽũˣӹ˵ǹ¸ڣũҲ¸ڣǰ˵е㶫ֶĵҲˣXǮ£ǹ˻ɶͱϣ 
û˵ָ꣬ƨͱϣϹ˭㣬˼ʱʧҵҪӽ¸ڣƭǻϸƵģĲһ£Լˣȭͷ£˭ȭͷӲ˭ϴ 
۴˵Цһ˵£˵£Բ㿴զǳϹ䲦ǧأҪǳ֯һ뵽ҲǴҳԺȵˡ 
Բ˵һ£ǱϽũҲǮҲŪòСҼǱߵһͬɣôҪŪŪ㣬ŪҺʹʹǮ 
һˣԲǸɵµˣæͬ˵ԣԣԣձǽй֯ǿǵĳҲ˶࣬Ǹɲɡ˶ͷ۰γ绰ȥ˵ڸɶҪ˰ɣԲҲɣӻûɢ߲Բҵǡ̸˵ 
Բӹ绰˵Ŵ磬ǺȾƣɣããǶǣããС 
ձСµ˺ܿ͹ˣ˾һ˵ǷǮһļͣŲһˡô˵ģѹ˾齨ֳɣԲռһɣǴɶ壬0һɣϽǱһɣˮϢ壬֣ϳˮǮ֣ɾһ̶֮֡˲ֻԲܽˣԲĹɶԭڸԵĵСС֣Ǯٳɲ˴£ǮԼʵ״Ӹ˲ź÷Ǯ׬ЩǮû׬ЩǮЩǮ׬ײ׬㲻׬ͱ׬ˡ 
Բһѳʱ˺֮ƣˣһԲҵȻĳϣû뵽û뵽ǡȺ鼤׼һҶ̬ȣЩƮƮȻͷҲ΢΢״󣬳һ˵λģԵһ𣬲Ϊģҿڷԣϲɰֲ࣬ɵˣһʮ飬Ҳ׹죬ҵʱ򷹶Բ˶и˵ѴףԺһ𣬴ҶǺˣһˣҵĿֻһЭ׬ǮǮҲʹһѳ󣬾ͿλĳԲС£λĶָ㡣 
䣬ձӿڹȥָƨѽһ𷢲ưɣҪʲôָ㣬ĸᣬԲҪʶҪɸ˾ˣҪĸָ㣬ָָӮǮɡ 
ˬЦѶǱ߳ҲҪɢˣԲչ˽ǺȾȥ 
ʯʹеˣСˣʹˣؼȥҩʯֻøԲ۵˵ַˣȥˡ۵˵УУúóԵҩڼҴš 
صУʯҳҩˣһθۣȥҽԺҽ˵ǵףҺףʯ᲻ûǮҺֻЩ˵ƬѴѵĳԣһݶ˵Ŀƿ 
Сͱúϴˮղžպˣ¯ϵģ̫©ˮÿϴ趼Ųˮһð˾ŰأС᲻ãֻôˮϴ衣ʯȻĦģǮҲòȵñץ˶ĶҪȥòҵһǮ뵽ȥһ㣬úܣʮ䣬˵İɣǶ0ȻǸĳǶĲͶĲˣӮ˶ǮǸӮ˶Ǯȵסǽľ͸ƣ̣䶾һ˵ѣڶ˾͸û˼ȥЩСǮˣǼҲֲųȥһ˰һʹȥǼһϾȫСӡˢϰǮӡˢЧҲãۻ٣ÿǮһûؼұˮȫţǿǿά͵ѣԶⶼҪư졣ʯϳԵɶС˵ʣˣٳԵ㲻 
ʯ˵ˣ˳㿴˿ʣЩ̲ˣ绵ˣʣʣûطţôװˮšǰ쵽һİٿǮˣСһֱҪһӣʯĺӣʯһֱⲻ̸СһİٿǮˣʯ˵ٴǮҪ޶ɣҪҲˡʯСĺãɨˣشӦšʯżﵽõģЩѹղŴ˵ˮ˾£ǵһ£׬⣬ҪôôֻһҪǧǮһС˵οСǾͻǮģʱǰѼõľɵĶȫˣٸƯŮˣҪŮ 
Сţ˵Ķȥ 
ʯЦЦص˵һ˵ȥϴ衣 
ʯϴȥˡСȥ̴˳̿˿ʯ˽ǮĵطȥʯõʱÿÿӮǮ˽ԼһǻС͵͵ҲװûɽùúܣóʱûõǮˣÿοطǿյģżЩֲˣ⼸һôҲӦЩǮ˰ɣڿЩĻڣнһǧ飬Сͷ̤ʵЩʯôɣҪǮҪֻҪжóģСȥˣﶼˣһ˵ˣԹԵó㣬СǺаգСɨʯһ׼С 
ʯϴС˵˵¡ 
С˵ʲô¡ 
ʯϸϸµ˵ڴҶǮˣǳեӣǳ⼸õúܡ 
С˵˵ãôûǮء 
ʯ˵С˵߽ȡǮݸС 
СԸˣûթ͹Թóˣһֲʣˡ˵ЩӲҵǮ 
ʯ˵ǣЩ 
С˵˵˺ö鿪ԼͲҪȥˡ 
ʯ˵ѽѽֻиʱȱˣҪȥոڨ 
С˵ȥڨ 
ʯ˵ҶҪյģֻԺѧòֻϧûзˮҪǷˮǮø죬˵Ҫˮ˾ֳûˮ˾׬Ǯϧǡ 
СǮʲô˼ 
ʯЦ˵ûʲô˼ģǴˮÿ˳ǧǮ 
СҸǮ 
ʯ˵㿴ЩСˮÿ춼ҵõǮ˵ŪҲǮô 
С˵Ǯ㣬รǲֶ˲ŷǵǮǲร˵˴ǮһҪ޶ģʲô¶׼ġ 
ʯ˵ǲȥǮǵǮôãҪǮͶ룬װѽֻǽ裬вһұ֤Ϣ㣬вҪȻ㿴ǷǮ㲻ۺ죬㲻ǲÿˮ˾ʲôΣĸˮ˾ǿˣûǮģ˼ɶɡ 
С˵Ҳǣʲô˾пܿ磬ȴδ˵ˮ˾ģһˮûǮģҲΧЩСÿ·żٿǮСˮǮ˵ҲܱǼǧѿǮͱˣǵǮ£ܵЩ취ѽʲô²Ͷ룬ܲܲ˵׼ˮ˾ˮû˵ģֲȻ˵ǲУҪǴô졣 
ʯСɶȴ˵ôأ㿴˼ҸˮĶǮģұֻ֤ǽ裬ҪһھܻˣǧǮ£Ҫһɲµӡ 
СʯҲ벻֮ٵǮǣ᲻޶ײǣʯʮ㣬㲻ٶ£Ĭʯ 
ʯСĹͨˣ࣬СǸˣ˵Ӽ޸ûϼӣ0öรСҲûжֹֻȥҸǽһСĺãʯСпҵǮǾͰҳ׵زһ飬õġ 
СͬУ̾ٿһǵļңǲãһܣ͸ˡ 
17 
ܷ˸׷ǳߵһѵķӣڵʶӵļԺסڵλҪȫö࣬ҪΪ˱ԺͱһˣõǷǵʶӵļûйȫϰһ²Ĺʺͳӵ׷ӹӦտܷͲÿ켱ȥ׶԰ӱˣҪôæôææȥżҽӱˣȥҲԣͺ˯һ·ķò˶ǮֻҪȥϻһͷˡܷﲼ귿䣬˲ٶˣ˱͸һˣسȥѱĶùʯ˵ˡʱ䳡ã춼ؿ˳һæһ죬ܷ˵ȥһˣǳ鲻ʱϵķɴһЩȫˡ 
Աų⣬ֻǶǲģͻȻͿǮˮһ㣬˺ܶ·ҲԽԽƯܺ棬ʼղ֪ڸʲôæÿκԼһˣӲǶޣʼȽϺãɹһʱȥЩ¥Ȳ˳еĲ¥û˵ôãϵҲһһ㶼˽˵һ׽͸̤ܲʵ  
ܷչǵģһֱʱˣҲȽϳˣӦ˽˽ˣеĺöණǲһֱرܣҪȥԵġ 
ܷ˳0ŵĳ壬ɵģ˸еѹ֣ܷ뿴뿴ˣ¿ǣ˵ʲô 
ŵǶ򣬶Ȼе㲻ſվôһʵˣƾɵĵطһ±ˡܷкǺܿذýֿܷİˣǸƾɵľϣ˽ŻվһʱûˣܷﾪطİֱøӲˣţ촽΢΢⿪ţҲˣ޹⡣ܷһǰΣһһסس󣬶İȴһһסϣܷһ˿һ£˵ڼʮ꾿Ϊɶ̫û˼ˡ 
ܷóſݸİ֣˵֣˵ǮŰɡ 
ܷİ˵ӮİɣǲҪģߡ 
ִܷⲻգֻعѿڶС˵ŲҪҪȴֲ֪ѿĶܷ˵ǰֵգһǵģҲǮʲô˵ɣˡ˵¶ƴǣææضųȥ 
ܷʵڸеڣ·ҲԹˣҲȰ˵ʲôоѴĲصʹеˣȲҲܴʲôǣͲǵˣܷ˵ıơ 
ܷ绰ʯʯ˵ѱĶ׼ˡܷԲڳ￪˸ӣȥ˳һȥ͸ʯ˵һߡִ绰˵һȥ 
ԳԲǧǮǧǮ͸Բ˹ԴһµʱԲӮ˽ˣԲ˳˷ǳǸСķֻСһЩԲķ֮뿪ɽͷΪۣձЩ￪÷ˮ˵⻹õúܡÿǱ߳ŪˣԼȴıĳȥһѣȥǸĳһѣЩС粻Ĳˡ 
ܷҵԲ۵ĳӣһݵĵȻ죬ԲæкôˣҪǱȥء 
ܷ˵ҽе£ǱߣӿģҪȥһ·õ㶫 
Բ˵С˼ 
˵ȴʯҲ֪Ҳ˹ɣо棬һ£Ҳʵڰ벻õ֮˵˼䣬ָ۵кˡ 
ԲٺۺͻӵˣСʯͷܷһǵ߸Ǳȥ 
ȴ˵Ӻ˻ﲻֻǴϾ˵ʲôϵģһ㶼ˣ 
ϰ˵Ĳģ˵ܷģ߶ı㳪Һ͵ΣıӮǮˬ˴ˣܷﻹûߵһСֵˮɵģžͷһͳúܣһˣ뻻طȥ 
ҲоЩʲôһЩʧ䣬ϰЩסˣ绰ܷҪ 
ܷ˵ˣԲҲˡ 
߹˵绰ϰվҪߣֻЦϰߣֹ 
ϰӦ߳Ҫ¥ȴһŮ¥ܷ˭ϰһ¾Ϳˡ 
ܷ￴ϰ¥Цϰ壬һߣɶ˼ 
ϰ۾гһ죬Թ㵽Ķȥôһء 
ܷЦ٣ˣǮ͹ңص㣬ӮӮǮӮǮҷֲֺ졣 
ϰ彫ͻ˵ֻҪصңֺ졣˵תָ֪ܷˡ 
ܷЦǺǵ˵СҲҧϡãˣȰ㻹רһ㣬Ҫһһ⡣ 
Բֵ˵Цһ֣ſڣűߺ 
һˮ˾ˮȥԲ˽ֻɷһʵʽ³˾ͱͦһͷ룬Ӭ涼Ҫչأﻹһǰƶģһĳ¹ͷ 
һĳ˹ˣͬʱһƬ˵ˡĳ֪ǹٳսְ̳ʲôͬһվͻ˵ȥһɾ˵˲ǲ˵ļģ³´лֻأǳǰˣԹӢ۳ꡣ 
һԲܷϰֻˡһܷˣˣһ¾ͻԾЦԲҶء 
ԲЦŲӻȴҪ٣ߵ٩Բܴʥǳ˶ʣϣжϲɽԲЦλϴ 
ˮϰ壬绰ˣҶ÷ģҶ÷ڵ绰˵ߣ 
˵ڳϡ 
Ҷ÷˵ҽܸˣ˵ҵˣˡ 
Ҷ÷⼸һֱڸ߶ǵλ£˵Ӯˣǰ칫ҵһ˸ǵһֳǸֳûˣǸ˶ˣͻᱻģԸԳˣ˵ף㡣 
Ҷ÷绰ңеӦζôһء 
߿˵ôˣæأ˵ɡ 
Ҷ÷˵ͬ³Է 
˵һٿɣͬȥõĵط԰ɣҵģҸ㱨ʣðɣǵģһŲ 
Ҷ÷˵ǽؼҡ 
˵ðɡ˵绰߻еҶ÷Ҷ÷ǸҪҪʲôͻ᲻ֶεȥõˣͷԺܹãûмӮǺܸɣýո繤һкһʱⶼܺãÿѳˣҪæ˲ɢʱͨͨظɣϢһ£˯þˣһ˷ЩЩԼȥչչ˷⣬ᣬһ˷һСǣͻؼҡ 
عͷȥܷæǴôõģһһʱˣԽԽĬԽԽ֣赺һõģɶõĴΪ֮ĺԽԽãЩĹˣкЩصԶΪҲˣ꣬Щ˵ЩŶˣ컹ҪҪǻมʱƱ˷ˣ٣ǹ֣׬ǮҲ׬ʱ򡣳߽߱סЩ 
ûһǳԷʱˣкˣӮ˵ҽڲ˵ĳ˷ԣ˵춼ߣһȥԷ극ȥþöûȥˣǻҪݽϣĲ 
õҹܻᣬСеΣ绨̵ֱ÷֣¶ǷţڶѶ˵һĹݣһԺ칫ɨƴǰץ˹һ𻹲įءƽʱĵʱ򣬳Щĳϰ徭Ҫȥ֣顣⼸Ҷڳߵĳ϶ĹȥĹˣһ˵ȥҹܻǲЩӮǮӦǮ˼ҲͲôȥˣ˶û죬߱һȥԷԲСӮһ㣬Ǳ߳ӣȥǲȥЩطģҪȥأ췴Ӧ̫Ҳɲģ죬һʱͰˡ 
߰˴һҺõľ¥Ҫ˺õľƲ˿ˣһ㷹ܷͲһȥܷϺòеʱҪһЩطҲģ͸˵ȥˡ 
˶ˣܷȥ䲹һױ˵ȥϾ 
ߺ¥ЩѴгԼĳЩû˳ȥˣߵСȥѳܷСںһֵλϣǰճܷλãһʱҶϰˡ 
ܷ䲹ױ˶ˣ¥յſڣ±һ£ĵ绰˵ϣһûˤּųߡ 
ȴ˵Ҷ÷˳ԷΪ³ɣͷ˶ҲеƮƮģԼȥ裬¾ʹӦˣһ볯ߣ˳Ҷ÷ں߽ʡҶ÷תһŮӶϣͳȥˣŮ׿żƷζɵ۾һסıӰȥȴӰϤֻŮӿ첽һͣŵĳǰ泵˳Ҷ÷濴һϵĳһ澹ǲԼҵĳô߸ôƯŮһҶ÷ס棬æظȥȴ߷Ҫ 
СȿҶ÷еɩӣ߸磬ɩӡ 
ߺܷҲҶ÷ˣϲ˵ɣôҲԷһô 
ܷδӴҶ÷֪γƺͷ˵㣬ȥ 
Ҷ÷ſŮӳ쳣㵹ǰһȥҳߣͿиŮϣ̫æΪ϶ĲĶĿͣû̫壬ǲǾҲͷԼæ˵ˣҲһ·ǵģߣؼҡ 
˵ȥǰˣһͻȥء 
Ҷ÷˵ȥ衣 
˵濪ĵ㣬ˡ 
18 
ܷ˵ȥˣֱ߱Ӱ͵˵ʶӡ 
صܷó绰ʲô 
˵ջع֡ 
ܷ˵ɣǺúġ 
˵ҲһЩ顣 
ܷ˵ҪҪҹ㡣 
˵ˡ 
ܷ˵ڵʶſڵ㡣 
˵绰ܷͻȻڵ绰е㲻ԣﲻҲ벻ƽʱ뵽ҪˣְѼһ飬׵ˣŴ绰˵һ͹һʱúõغ˵˵ 
ܿ͹ˣܷذӭȴɫԣûĵһεӦеı顣ܷʣôˣôĵӡֻһܷﵹ˱ˮˡﴧôˡ 
Ȳסˣ˵ֲŷһ㶼˽㡣 
ܷ˵㲻˵ôҽҪ㹴ͨͨʲôĵҸ˵ 
˵ǰ칫ҵڣҽڰ칫ҵһ˵Ƕˡ 
ܷµΪʲôɫˣʵ˵ʲô 
˵ϲʶ㣬˵ʶ˵ڶܴûвʶġ 
ܷ˵Ȼء 
˵˵ŲùĲꡣ 
ܷ˿ûӱܣЩȴ֪ˣûôӺ˵˵ôΪء 
˵ҿʼţ˵ǰֽ̨ģһǲţܵͼȥ˺ðŷűֽ 
űֽܷҲ滹˵˻ں޵ᡣܷסһûߵһߵ˽죬Ǳ˴˶뻥סǳҪһЩܷȶһԼƽ˵ûиЩֻҾǻûһٺ㡣 
˵㻹һֱ˽㣬˵ڳϵĲ¥ϰ࣬ȥˣҺһ𼸺˳ϵÿһҲ¥û˵ʶ㣬Ҳ֪㾿ʲôԺΪһ룬λһ룬һٹܣô롣 
ܷŷôأжǸ⣬˵ĲôиʱҲѣҪţûʲôѿ£һġ 
˵˵㾿ʲôܻǮ 
ܷĬˣĲ֪λش⣬ǴԶ֪ģܲٺĹȥԺһҪԸ⣬Ϊ˶ûڶĳϷԼҲΪ˶˳׼ҲˣʱǮһС꣬СˣҪͺˣνһƯŮ˲ŴӼҵǮģͨĴݸ˵ģ˭ţƭ˵Ǽ˸ģǵδ»εӡ 
ǻˣ˵㵽ڶ˵ʵô㣬ʵ̫˽ˡ 
ܷ˵һθ˵ô 
˵ôʲôô˵ɣһôǮ·ڶĳӮˣĸ˸ģҪҲ벻ʲôˣҺܺ棬ŴӼĶıǮȥģȥӮôǮ 
ܷû˵ڵһ仰Ϊô˵ִʲô˵ڶĳӮǮ˵ˣڶĳӮǮˣҴӼǰǷЩʣ˻ֱƶˣûطǮȥģӮǮˣ˵֣ӮǮ⣬ҪòģҾ㿴Ҳһƽʵڵ 
˵ܸ˵ӮôǮ 
ܷˣ׷֪岻˵ôӽҲȥˣǲ˵һڵλϰ࣬һô 
˵ڸее㺦£һôãҾȻһ㶼˽㣬Ҿˮ̫ˣ󲻵㻹ʲôҵôҲ󲻳ҽ֪飬һʼһμ㣬ҾЩϲ㣬û뵽ĻһҺ棬һÿľԺΰǵ㲻ȥһǮ㣬ƶҲУַˣͲһƶˣǵ˽ԷЩǶҪһЩʱеңҾ̲סôӦһû˽㣬Һʧҹȥˡ 
ܷĬȻ֪˵ʲôãʱܼƽһ£ƽ뵽ѴʱҲ˸ô˵˼̫˵ÿһ仰룬ţǼ⣬˽ȥЧһЩ 
ܷôִˣ˻˵ʵĸˣ޲ʧųȥˡ 
ܷ￴ȥıӰоЩʲôȴû׷ȥӴϿ߳ȥˣһԼûһʼǲܸ˵ô࣬ЩҲܸ˵ֻȥˣվģôһ룬ַԼһ㣬̫                                 
04 
 19  
ߴ˵Ѱȥ˰ˣԼѳؼҵʱҶ÷ûߵ˱ˮ߿ӱߵҶ÷ 
Ҷ÷ԴӿܷڳߣϴڣǸλñģȻȥֱˣݲȵģСҲǸλרŸţеѰζСļԼϹŮһˣе㲻ԣǰٺΪûû뵽߻ʲôŮӣ㳤ƯǮɳЩŮӣǳúܣɽŮӣ˶Ľ˵ˣѹ˵ãŻʱûǲԭҶ÷ƾֳһ齫˵ŻƶӻЦȡֵΣеĶʢЩлŮĶҿŮӣһķ糾һŮӱֲһ㣬߾һʵ˷Ĳ£Ҷ÷ԽԽ治룬Ҳ̫⣬̫ѳߵµˣһ磬һķ羰ãУȥһҪҶ÷̲סǿҵĺ棬֪ܷһЩ飬֪ǸʲôģϹ˭ʲôôûһ𣬶ֺһĲɵغͬǱ߳ߺͣĺӣôҲһֱսͬһսսģн벻ǵ֧֡ 
Ҷ÷ؼҵʱ򣬳ϿţҶ÷·ԱߣЩζߺϲ΢ӣҺ죬Ŀ룬齿ࡣҶ÷ؿų˵ףô 
Ц˵Ҫôף㣬ֻҪóҶ㡣 
Ҷ÷˵Ҫһһضҡ 
˵ʲôʱûһһضˡ 
Ҷ÷˵ǸŮǸʲôġ 
ʣһ 
Ҷ÷˵㳵ϵһ 
һЦһ§Ҷ÷˵ԴˣǰҺЩŮһûʹңΪ㲻ٺء 
Ҷ÷ѳ߱˵ҳʲôףʣ㲻˵ˡ 
֪飬Ȼ˾Ͳˣˣ˵˵ܷɣǵĳϰæ 
Ҷ÷ʣʲôæ 
˵ò 
Ҷ÷˵ĵġ 
˵ǡ 
Ҷ÷˵Ϲʲôġ 
˵ˡ 
Ҷ÷Ȥˣôġ 
һ£˵ĲʶģǵˮˣǮʡ 
Ҷ÷˵þõ¡ 
˵㲻ʶѽǰǼģںңҲڡ 
Ҷ÷һ£˵ѽôҲûô 
˵ǲнȸˡ 
Ҷ÷˵ƨΪ 
ЦҷƨҷƨģţһҾͻһһض㣬ȥʣĳ˭ԺãңߣҪҲģʲôʱܿסңȫԾղҲŰһȺ˴һ˷һС㣬ǻһ˻ؼˣȥҶô 
Ҷ÷е㿪ˣŽ˵ЩŮһٸһǧһʲôҪģֻǲҪЩܹסˣһҲС 
Цûܹסңֻ㡣˵§Ҷ÷һ 
Ҷ÷һ£˵ŮĻûС 
˵ˡ 
Ҷ÷˵㻹 
һ˵ʲô˼֪֪жá 
Ҷ÷û뵽߻Щˣ˵ѹʱôæҲ˲˻ؼҡ 
˵һڶĳæΪһʲôôģ㲻֧Ҳܲ 
Ҷ÷˵һŮʲô˲Ҫ⣬˦ҲӰǵķ޸ѽ 
˵뵽ĶȥˣҸ˵˼һǺˣ㲻Ҫ˵˼ң˼Ҳѵġ 
Ҷ÷û뵽ǰʲôˣӵ˵ҪٺҲ㣬ڵŮ˭ܰ˭ôҪ˧Χңòܡ 
˵ҪǴҶ׵ʲôܵģΪ˺ŮһͷҪŪ̫ 
Ҷ÷벻ۣⷬûĴ̳ˣеˣҪƤӣɴͱȲӮߵģԳ˵ûʲô㽲ֻ㣬Ҳ뿴һ 
߼ˣҲ뽫ʲôûలµģһ뵽ܷƽʱĲף˼ĳ ҵҵľĸɻ˶ǮЩǮȫҶ÷ģ˴ˣɹģ̫ˣ˵಻㣬Ҹ˵ʲô¶ûҲᷢ⻹Ҵ£ҲҪҡ 
Ҷ÷߾ȻΪһŮ˺˶ΪףʱЦҵףأлл㲻ӣҲҪҲӡ 
һ󷢲ĸв˵໥ģô㣬Ҫȥ˯ˡ˵Լķ䡣 
20 
Ҷ÷ڿΪֻǺһƽϢͻģǰεճġ˺þöûʲôҶ÷ֻûԼķ䣬ڴϸ˼糱ҲˣԽԽҲ˵ʲôȲǸ̬ȣȻˣǷ޸ڲˣִ⻤Ȿ˵⣬ҿΣֻǺˡҺʱ֣Ҫ治ע⣬ûʲô⣬չȥҲģȻҲӲܣɲֻһֻ۵ˣֻ۾ţݲɳӵģɱһǧҲŹһɱ˻ɱˣ߻ܰôûҶ˵˽ģûдȲӵģҶ÷ˡ 
Ҷ÷ҹδߣڶʱҲûʲô⣬ɴ˴ȥϰࡣǲŵ˶ϰ֪࣬ǲҲҶ÷˾ˣֶ̺ôּֽӺӡ˾ˣǼôֻڰ칫Ǽֶãֹ˻ǵùԹϰ࣬ˣ죬ϵ´ͷˣǣʱһˣˣһ¾ټɣĲΪ࣬ӪԲˣѵǵġ 
Ҷ÷굥λϵ¼ӽ磬ҪףԷҶ÷£ȻҪͲţ쵶ն飬紦㰲˵룬˻ص칫ţʱ䣬һ²߻ڼҪţ绰СҪܷĵ绰ܷȥ˵ãǳߵš 
ܷϴ꣬ųǵĵ绰û뵽ȴ˳ŵĵ绰ʺãæصá 
Ҷ÷˵һĻôҪ˶ʱ䡣 
ܷһͷˮҲűʲô֮ʲôĵģһӦԣʵʲô 
Ҷ÷˵Ȥġ 
ܷ£ҲʲôֻЩͻʲôҲӦó߸˵ǣɼȻ绰ˣܾҲ£֮֮˵ôġ 
Ҷ÷˵緹ɡ 
ܷ˵緹ˣ˵طҹ 
Ҷ÷˵Է¥ô 
ܷ˵ȥô 
Ҷ÷˵ȥ 
˵绰Ҷ÷ȴȡǮһŷװˡǮúǣҪκζͲ˭ܾǮ 
ܷﵽ¥ʱҶ÷Ҫ˸ˡܷһ;߲ƣͿкôƺ 
Ҷ÷˵Ҷ 
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Ҷ÷˵Ǹֱӣֱ˵ɣǮɲԲųߡ 
ܷʹǧҲ벻ôһıͶû뵽ӦԣȴѪӿܵؾܾʲô˼Ǯʲô˼ 
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ܷӦˣЦΪмǮͺ˲Ҹų߸ǮûʲôϵԼ̳ȥ 
Ҷ÷ǲģûǮ첻˵飬˵ǲǮ٣ҿٸӵ㡣 
ܷˣ˵ΪǲгСײ˺ǣΪʲôҪ⣬дԲһ£ˡ㡣˵ߡ 
Ҷ÷Ҳû뵽λԭΪѪͰƽˣȻʣ˵Ҫһ룬ϹҪʲôѵɵģӻΪ㷭ôʵǺܺõˣͷϣ侲ǲվɲģеǮȥ飬Ժ󻹻ҵĺ 
ܷʵܲˣԼܵ˺ܵ۸ûҪȴһɧ֪治ѳ߸£ˣҪɵ³һʱͲһҲٸӣ˵ˣû¶ҪŪ³ 
Ҷ÷ˣܼ򵥵һ¾ҲصŪʲôҿһ 
ʱ绰ˣǳߴܷģܷһʾͨ绰ͽеߣں⣬Ҳ֪Ķǵˣ֮䷢ʲôˣǮңҲҪ㣬ҲˣΪʲôǮҡ 
Ҷ÷ôֱ֪Լ̫ˣŬԼƽʹˣĸǸӣȻˣҲҪ£Ըף˵ҲΪ 
ڵ绰ǱҲˣ˵ҹ 
ܷ˵Լ绰ţҲˡ˵˵绰ҲҶ÷һۣԼˡ 
ܷҪȴ֪ԼóȥһƬңǵ˭ˣʲôˣĻӣС֮Ķ֮ĳ˶֣ʵȥţ绰ˣ˵ʲô˵˾Ҫˡ 
ܷԵ绰еӵԼȥҸҽ첻ˡ˵ѵ绰ˣ˳ѻҲˡòˣҺЩ˵ǮûˣôǸúһԼһͿûбҪŮһֻסһˣǸ˵һҪĸŮ˿ǵˣǾͻ蹷һҧܷʲôȱɾʹûȱˣܷͲмڸκһŮһˣŮһʶ̫ûˣ͵Ǳ蹷ҧһء 
ܷ߱һƽҸط緹緹ȥúú̸̸֪ϲģֻҪóһĳ½ģҪԺҪúõĺ˼ҹӡܷһϵǮȥ·û⡣ 
ܷ˸˷ó绰绰ﴫһеŮĵ绰ѹػԺٲܷе㲻ĵ绰ûعܷҪ˸֣ﲻڡܷ治֪ʲôˣֻý˳ؼҡ 
ߴܷĵ绰֮ͨ뵽ίеܹⲻȥĲˣϵҶ÷ɶ˼ûǵȥˣűˣ绰Ҷ÷˵˼ܷʲôԶˣĸҪҵ£㣬Ժٹҵ£ҪҲˡ 
Ҷ÷һ뵽ΣʲôµģҪûֹ֣侲ȥƽ˵ֻ뿴ҵĶ 
ĵĥһ磬ûܷĳӾȱʲôܷһ˻ű˼ĳҵǮôףŮƯ˾˼붼ûҪôҶ÷Ź˼ңŮ̫ˣȥһѵѵٹ¡һɢҪȥҵܷ˼˵˵Ҫϡ 
ҵܷʱڼͱһˣʱûٺͳһ𣬳ÿضҪ߱һˣǸܷ˵̫ˣһȥ˵㲻Ҫһʶ 
ܷߵˮ˵ҲûʲôҲ벻ˡ 
߼ˣ˵ôУôõģô˵ɾͲɣ˵ԺҪöǮ 
ܷ˵Ҵȥ⣬ҲֻҵõǮ 
˵㲻ҪŲԣһȥ˵Ժ󲻻鷳ˡ 
ܷ˵£Ҫ⣬ҲܸлʱңԺʱ仹˵һˡ 
û뵽ȥ⼺˵ôɸɴ࣬˵ʲôˣȻ·ҲǿȰ˵ֻףˣǽʲôѴ绹ҵѾңҲ᲻ġ 
˵⼸仰ܷĲƵģôʶ˺ǣˣߵҲЩ˵ģԺúùģڼһֱľǳһҪƶһ㣬ҾжߣҺ˴ǰǼҼĵطֱ˼Ÿоɲס˳͸Ϊ˾ҲӵˣǲԸҺһƽһһЩƽƽÿ̯һ֣࿪ĺǣĳվƽʱҺòײſסԼûݽȥܼЩǮ¶˵̫ˣҲˣһˡ˵ű̫࣬ˡ 
˺ȻһʱĬĺʹķֱЩǣҶǣˡ˵Ļֻøĸ 
21 
һܷﶼͨĵ绰֪ʲôˣһҲ£ܺһԺʲô˶Ҳ绰ҲܷͨеҪأҲٹˡ 
ܷסˣʯѱˣܷһ˷ҲԣҲҪôģܸøǺɢҲø̬ȣҲ֪ôȥѽֲ˵ǰڵ˭벻˭ˡ 
ܷ绰ʸʲô˵ڼܷ˵ȥ˵ɣҵ㡣 
ܷﵽ¼ʱ򣬸½ס̾ö첻ԽԽƯˣ㵽Щʲôôһ¾ôǮˡ 
ܷе㷴ôʲô˵ֶҵǮҲôΪ˵ڨġµĺĻûõ㣬ʣôġܷЩˬˣǿЦôϰ࣬ɻ顣Щţܷﲻͷˣ˵ôġ±סˣŷԼʧ̬Ҹ̨ߣãģֻĽ㣬һڣ޾ģõǮҲûòù 
ܷ׷ʸղŵźһЩ˵ùʲôеλȥλţֲۣʱַˣԱա 
°ֵˣ˵ˣ˵ѹˣЩ̬ƽúܡ 
ܷ￴ܿԵʵôˡ 
̾ڵλϺǣŮľҪѵٵ£ǲŽб£ɫܸ̾ô㹤ɵٺôҲֻΪ˼ޣȲ˼һȣ˼ȥˣʱһһһ㶼ǿôǮƾʲôƾȣ˵ѹѹʱţ治ڵλϸˡ 
ܷ˵ϴθ˵ڷܶʲôûɡ 
˵ûɣһŮˣǵλϵ˵ľֳ¡˵ָһ¡ 
ܷһ¾˼ˣһЦο˼ҼȻ͸õõر˵óȻͲҪԹô࣬ǵλôˣһд˺һ̬ͷƽˡ 
ҰοҲ㲻֪ǺˣˣҶȥϰ࣬ˣģӪҵɺøɻһôˡ 
ܷ˵֪ҵˣҴ绰ҲҲҲ֪ôġ 
˵ǻ淢չˡ 
ܷ˵Ǻǣ뵱ô˵ô֪ˣЩܲˣҲ˵Ҫôһһ𣬲һ˵һҲûҪȻҲˣ绰Ҳػ 
»عݵĸ֣ʵϰûС 
˵ˣ춼ڡ 
ܷ˵ڶҡ 
˵룬ʣˣֲôֶԸ˵ֻ㻹ôҵõ 
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˵ңܷ 
ִ˵绰ңȻֽˣ 
һˣܷеֲ֪Ҳ㲻Ķȥڸ¼һһܷʣ⼸ôҲ㡣 
˵˵һ˵ģ¼ֲ֪˵ʲôˣ⼸춼ǵ£Ұǵ¸Ҽ˵ˣûһ֧ңѿܸһЩ 
ܷ˵꣬˵ô 
ͷ˵ˡ 
ܷ˵Ǻðɣˡ 
ûǻܷعȥ˸￴ϳţͿˡ 
ܷһƬհףһʱŬҪõһ³ʧˣҲˡ벻ͨΪʲôǳʧܣֻҪúõؼ򵥵ȥôһƽҪ޷Ըʯ˵ùô꣬ҲתˣҲǣתʲôˣǺӰ棬ڶڲѣ˶Ͱ˦ˡЩʲôôôûû˵ùʲôʱܵͷǡ 
ܷصУģѵӴǾĵģ¥Ͽ˼齫ڵϣȻϴƵŮ໥ַĻЦޱʹǼįе£һʱֹֻסĺ˼룬ЩԶ벻׵⣬ǰӦֻأŵΪʲôҪǵ߹ûδšǣЩⲻ룬ܷԼȥһЩԶ벻׵ϣݽȥȻǼįһжô԰գ޴Ӹı䣬ûģɥ˾оϢûʹȥһоʹֹͣһв١ 
ܷó绰꣬һ˴СҪȥ˶ĵطȺŲįŻаȫУ֣ůŻ֡ 
˵ǵĳӸմɢϿŪˡִܷԲԲ˵ˣæ˵úร͵ˡ˵绰ܷ¥ȥ˸˾˵ȥ0˾תͷͳŶ0ȥˡ 
ֻжĳֻжĳҽٲҲֻڶĳŻǷգĲį 
Բܷˣæӭǰȥȥ߸ĳû֪û߸ˣЦʵڵ﷢ȥˡ˵ţ۵ȶ0Ҳ˹кܷһһӦˣʯҲæءʯ˵ҽǶǱˣ첻ѧٸ͹ɡ 
ȥǱһƬӣֺģһˣЩΧŵɢǮܷеԼ˻ղЩһ¾ģȥˣ뵽ȴƶһͳݶˣƶһǹͨɱ˵治ء 
Բ˵ѽûˡ˵ôҲøҸλã˵űߺܷ˹ȥŵ޴ѵøܷ޴кѵӸܷһӹһ˷ȥߣһ¾̹ˣˣеˮ˾ˮһ˸˵ô쵽ˡܷתͷȥһȻǺþþûˣ˵ǴϴˣȴܵЩСطˡ꣬еССľϲЦЦʵðɡ˵СӮ˵㡣Բ˼ææ˦Ǯˣܷùǰȴ¹ߺȣ 
ܷˣȫİЩСطһ㶼ţɵģŲѾӮ˼ǧǮϣ˵鳡ʧ⣬ĳ⣬ǲǾӡׯߺˣֶһģ˵ѸˣϰˡܷЦһİɡ˵ɢעǮׯһɱֻڿĶϹ䶨ֳ֮һׯҸ߳ţףȴ˳ɱߡͬνƷϡ 
ܷùƣֻҪһţһ˸ܷͣƣ֪ģ˵˯ţ˵ԼϵƣͲ 
ܷＸ㡣ܷסһҲֻݵǰ˵ȥϲġȻһ֪ǶͲһȻˣס鼤˳۳ܷͦزɨȥֻġ 
ʱׯҼ㣬ԼҲۣͲ㣬ܷǺӮŻׯгԣ껹׬ָ߳µö࣬Իµ٣вݲݣŻŻɱ䶨ĵ㣬Ǩһеɱׯð̡һ֣˶ȥͻׯҴһݱĶˣҲйˣٲĵذԼƿ꣬׷׽ǰƺǮƸׯңׯžĿźİͲ˷ܰȥռǮơͨɱեעһûڡܷͺҲһĵģϱǮ԰˳ЩɢעǮһ˦ׯҡ 
ĶֻʣĶƣкһǮׯҾͿˡׯߺȵŻŻ´Źأ˲缺ˣŹضե㡣ܷʺĲģ˵ڨһġ˴ɢע䶨֮˵Ǯ𵽣áǨҲáׯҴϲеãɱ˾߽ȥʮ㣬ׯҺͬеʮׯӮǮʱ򡣱߽Ʒ˳ȥԼԼǰڿһɫæȥ 
ߺŵƣܷһţһǸۼʺǼһָһ󣬶ܷһЦ˵ϲġܷһʱûӦ룬ˣŶͲˣƽʱõͲ˵ԼϲģͲۼһ𣬳ׯһ˯ţˡ 
ղׯҽһģŶǴӣͲһˣľͳˣһԭͲһŰͲŵ㣬㣬ֻݶӮׯдϲеƣӣݶӱ˳źǨһȺ٣𣬻вĸʵĽׯ㣬ׯĿԼƣ˳źǨŷ׷׵߽꣬ǮƳǨŵׯǮһׯҡׯұߺ㡣 
ܷ鼺֪ׯҺݶԱˣԼƷҪ볡Уܷһ˵һԭҲһۼپϲޱȣԼˤԺԹ˵ǶͲû뵽ܷõҲۼһƣô޵ۼŷǰпϲܷ˵˵ϲģⲻϲܷһ͵طӦ˵һ㣬͸ޱȣҲȺĺ·˺ۼ 
Ц𵽣ݣݣǮȫȻˣ˾ͷԼʣ㣬Ӵļȷţǰ˳˳ϷׯҾҪ˺ţǮܳţˣֳݶԣϵǮȫţׯҾͳԲˡׯұΪˣû뵽üҾ˸ݣʧ֮治һһ룬Ȼղŷʮ󣬻֤ʵ֮ȫȻһ黶ڡҪԼƳȥǮ߷Ǯ˴ǡׯҽһɫǮžضţֵģùɱһ·ʱӺ·ˣˡ 
ߺӹǮָɢעٰʣ˵ƽˣһܷܷﻹأЦеǮˣҪ̧ܷۡͷ߽ӹǮһֻۣ洺ɫ¶ɧȻĶ߷Ǯܷ߿ȴܷԼһۣһסˣ᲻ջĿ⣬ٿȥҺ죬ʾеѳֲסЩڳǶʱĽ빴ģȴǻԵɣʱˣôٴȥܷ˵Ӯ˾ͳڨ 
ܷ⣬Ŀ飬ý˼įһΣ㽫Ǯװִվ˳ȺԲʯ˼ӮǮҪߣкܷӦ߳ȥ 
ϸӸվԲԱҲҪ룬ҲЦк磬ЦŴӦˣŸ׷ܷȥˡ 
ſ׷ܷеŮһ¡ 
ܷĸ߸Ьͣ£ת˸ʵʲôѽ 
ͣһȥѽ˵§ܷ 
ܷｫ˵Ҫ£ʲôֽţȥĶ 
Ӧʣ۶Цˣֺ˵ȥôȵ¥ϳ裬ٵ¥ϴɣá 
ܷ￴ߴӢֹˣʲôʲô飬ν飬ΪеŮһ°աôˣǼŻģƾʲộƾʲôʱ֡˵ȥȥ͵ม 
˵ͣ͡˵г⳵ˣ˳ӷߣԼٵһܷ˽ȥŽķȥˡ 
ޣҹɫеĽ貣ҶĿʧ˶ҵůҵ˻֣Ȱ㣬ŮȰ㣬˻ãŮ˷˶䡣 
22 
Բ깫˾֮󼺺ˣųͻؼҺԼæҸϣ·տģȥЩشȥطӦرǿңʲôԣֻ 
ǵĵˡһѧУҵһǰкӣǶŰѻˣ̫ˣǶʵڵѽһУ붼ûУôܹӼҵأûѡֻвҪ˵ǲпģҲûа취ģԼòûʲôӣҲˣִҪҪʲôͲܽˣͲҪˣд˵һھкӵһڣѲˣͿҲˣһŮ˵һܵһ裬ǸǶôźѽ˵ϲԲһһĶӣǲźԼϵġҲԸʧȥӡ 
ҺãҺʱתҺһҹ磬ҪԲظôѽ첻ѽ 
Ǹʱǰ𻨣Ůһڽģ˵𻨶̫ƵŮмǲò˫ȫģػϰеĸӣƤ𪣬СԲȴǰСģرԲ꣬һ㶼మԲĽʶ֮򼼳ڣһϳ䲪Ӣ˱Ů𻨶˵ԲĸλöãϲţԲһԱǵĶȵطǻϷܣŮ¥ƴͻȻžһ죬˶סˣԭصķдӸ߸ߵ¥ϵˣȫ˺Цѡ 
ѧУǵع꣬û뵽ʵôϾеĳҵͣ¸ڣҵõԲݣ׸˼һǮûõӦƸһС˾ԱҲû϶á˼ҲңҲɲԼҵܽǮ˸ָӡСҲ˼Ǯǿڰˣ˵ʲôҵֱԲڶĳһҹӮĸýǮŻꡣ 
Բ¥¾Լֺģ齫ϡ붼ΰǰѧͬѧԲһģһֱûǮ飬ͻһҹ뱸Դ˷װ֮ǼҾͳ˴УСͬѧۻӣͬѧҿ齫齫ûһĽҲ֪ԲЩɶӣͻȻ֮ͱˣе˵ڶĳ϶ķģţЩ·ıˣǵ棬ԲôӮôǮรܣԲܡԲЦЦ˵ǿ϶׷ڨ 
һ򿪣澹һŮһսûأһԱߡԲȥպ˴кǱΰԲҿšٶ˷ܡԲ˵ˣæŹȥΰҲ̲סվܹȥŮļ򲻳ɣҲ׷׿ܹȥԭΰȫͲӣ½ˣְΧΰ׷׼ײߣԲضһһ֮һŶͲݸΰЦǺ˵˵ĴšΰһʱûӦѰ˼ףʲô飬ѵΧ飬齫ҲרôҪűɵɵʵı顣˻شЦˣ״ЦԲΡΡ˵飬ڨЦøˡΰŷӦԼҲ̲סЦ 
ŮڣȤΰžش룬˵һ󡣱˵ָ߽Ĩ˶һŶͲ׷׷ۣ˵ĸ֪ǲΰ˵ǣǴһֲ£뵽Ů˵Ĳ֮ģ벻ʲô˲һΰ˵ԣΰ֪𰸣ֻЦ˶²²ʧȤ̲ס˵˻Ȼһζԡ 
˼ΰʼ齫ˣȤʲôһŮ˵˵Скǲѽ˵Цˣûϸһ;ôˣ˵˴ʣءһ˵ĸŮͬѧڨһŮʤף׷Ϊʲô˵ţЦֻᣬԴҲ簤ȭ¶һţֻЦҲƣΰò˴ƣÿĽรŷæ˴ƴơЦģֳƣûΰƣϼҾʹһƸ¼˵ҪţϽˡȻһ¼ľͽƵ˵ˡ˶֪ϼڴѧƾʹó뻯ӮĲƱģ˲Ƽ߳ѸΰѪֱ塣ϼƤЦ˵ϴ󰦣Ҳ밤ɵ»㲻Ҫҵģֻ۱ֻаɡ˵ߵ֧̹ 
ŮЦ֮󣬷׷׻صԼϡԲʱ䲻ˣصĺӣȰȥϢ˵ǮˡԲ˵˶٣رٴģ뵽ĺֻվԲȴ뿪Բһȥ˵棬þû齫ˡһŮЦʣ첻ˡԲ˵ѽѽ齫˶һŮӿڵڰ׷ۡһڽ㵹 
еǺ治Ǯңȥ͹һˣӮҪؼңϰݣ˵ôˣؼҴŶˣȥˡҪԣӮҲ޿κΣҲڣӮұߡֻ÷㣬ҪͨˡԲȥţӰ캢ӣֻؽȥŮĶǹˣ֪ϲˣ׷״Ȥˣ˵˻յüë޵ġ 
˱Цߴƣ賿ʱ缺ΰøͷҷˣԲ̵ģﲻ̣ΰֻšһϼҲˣҲţźǷп࣬Լ̵ģͷ齫ʱϻаụ̂ΰȥСΰ۾һӹ߶˹ɨأҲŮڳѰƨɣƭ˵ҸղųģѸŮֵû֦Ҳͣסɽ㵹𣬱Ц߸Ͻ꣬ȥڡ 
ԲϲҸŶ⣬һʱϢһСľͻ쵽ˣеҪ࣬˻ֻŽŴİѱԲ¥緹ߣ˶˵ˣˮϴˣϤϤ¥ȥˡ 
˯һҲˣȥöԲ˵СҶȥŰɣڼЪˡ˵ĶУôҲȥһͷе磬˯Ҳ˯ˣ㷽ҳвкǡԲ˵ֳԷѽҲΪ޶һ롣˵ġԲȥ󷽱ˡؿʼɨսߴɨ˵յǵѲˮˡԲ˵ѽˮлӺСʯͷһһѿĸˮͿĸ˵޺ڵѽԲ˵ڲǽɫһһϣҲڡ 
˵ϣ͹ӵˣҲȥӮʲôǮӮˡ 
Բ˵ѻͷʶ̣˻ʲôȤȥɱģ˰׷㻹ȥѻƬôֻǮɲˣϾҪжˣˣҪöӶõĴѧСõĽҪʮ꣬ƴѧ붼Ҳʲô壬ʵڲоͰѶ͵ȥС򣬳ǣܸҪǮʲô 
ؽЦޣô֪ǶӣҾҪŮŮСް 
Բ˵УǶӾ͸ȡֽܿ˺ķŮͽԶǣв 
˵ȥӣȡʲôء 
˸ʱмǰָȡĸֵգ˵X X ˺֣ܶ͢ѽѽѽʲôġʱԲһЦ˵˵иհףղ̣ȡаײ̣м˷κ죬޵κ죬˴׼ңȡаײκ졣عЦԲֲ֧ 
ְѻ⳶˵һǾ͹ˣò׳ӣһˣʲôûˡ 
Բ˵˵ôʹˣǮɽѽ÷չѽ 
˵⣬ȻǮ٣ȵ˾̤ʵȥ⳵Ҳÿˡ 
ԲסĻNONO NO ԲǸɴģôȥЩСǮ˵ĲжͶȥôô֪׬Ǯģ޸ҾͻϺӣ㿴һвǶĳôҪǹűȥǵʲôʱⷿ⳵ѽ㿴ֲǸôаƴӮϲ׸ˣģһ˵ˣҲû汾ѽϹԲôϹԲǶĳɱˣѽЩϣǮ̫üˣȥ񶼲УǮȫд˸֣ҰЩϴˣ㣬Ŷȥϴ̩ϴţϴ˹ά˹ϹԲɸܣ˹ά˹Ƥʶĳʱұ֤ˣֻϰ壬ЦӿϰֿȭĽɽء 
æס˵ӴιҪˣȫǼƤˣ˵ˡ 
Բ˵Ƥ־ֱأæƣòġ 
ߣߣԲɱĳѽ֪ߵغǶĳεȺǧٳԹŮζ䣬ΪͰѶĳ͸ˣСӱ۾ϹײͱүһӣãֻĳǮӮȴ֪ǮǺô 
Ĳ㲻ǮӮΪĿʱͻɣƾʹúܵӦ֣ҪɶɶƣȻˣһˣˣûӮŵһһˡǣִŵӮǮΪĿȥĲͿʼˡ 
кܶӣԽǿӵУԽǵò㲻ٺʱҸܻ᲻ڶ 
ԲأϣףԸ³ɣγ档 
23 
Ҷ÷û뵽ˣü춼ԽԽԼˣ绰Сڣ֪ܷ֮ûȥǵĳˣԼ 
ڹϯϯҴ齫̫ãؼʱҶ÷лҪ˵ģɳ˯ˣûȥŪˣ˼˯£ǳϲǼ˯¡Ҷ÷ߵǰһŤͿˣϴҶ÷߹ȥվڳߣߴӾ￴ˣûԼģҶ÷ȥҲûҶ÷Ц˵أô档߻ص˺üˣͷʵҲƽôƽˣ˵ܷĺֿǲᣬǣҪȥõĳ·ö˵ĳûǮǲ֪֣ܷǴģܹúòϣôҲλˣûвɢϯҶ÷ôɻ䣬ǮٰɣǮΪ˿֣Ǯ˲֣ǮǰˣֻҲôԭҶ÷Ҳ̫ˣ̫ĸܵˣҪѵ 
Ҷ÷ٸ˹ȥײߣ˵ȥһ 
߰˵߿Լֵϴּȥκӡ 
Ҷ÷ŹֻסԱãҶ÷˵ûĵģЩŮһȴһߣֻάҵȨ㲻οңңɫ㻹ҪҪһ 
߱ûˣһϯ뵽ĳϵмζĲֵģĵҲ⣬Ҳ˵ٺôҲˣپܾҶ÷ܵõҶ÷һû͸߽Ų̧Ҷ÷֪ҪʲôҶ÷Ʋųߣ˵ôʲôʱͣǣԺ󲻸˻ôٺ㣬ʲô⣬Щ˸ǻģҲ㣬Ķȥ 
˵㲻ҪôҳʲôʱɹʲôˣҲ̫ˣ֪֪жã˼ھľǮ㻹˼ҹȥôҲÿһЩɣһӶҡ 
ӴֻҪ㿪ǻͺðˣҶ÷˵ҴˣôҶϴˣ㻹Ҫô˵Ҵ˻˻һء 
˵϶ˡ 
Ҷ÷æ˵ҴҴˣǷ֮жǷԭأܲһֱͲˣǡ˵߰ڳ߱ϲš 
Ҳˣ˼ҶǸˣҲø̨ϹҲǸºǡŲŻعҶ÷뻳У˵ģҳ߾ûԲ£㲻ҪһɹģһŮ͸˼ҹȥ⻹ôҶ÷ŵһߵ˯¾ͽ⿪ˣҶ÷ųߵ壬渧Ūţ˵˴ߣһѰҶ÷ƷڴϣԼžȥˡ 
֮Ҷ÷ڳ˵һʮҾҪϻˣȥ 
һʵȥĶ 
Ҷ÷˵ʡȥͻˣ˳ȥ磬Ҫ˵ʲô 
žҶ÷ǲףҪչ˼ڵλϰ໹ô࣬ڵλϻҲͷģԼһ¾ͲԸű߹ⲻȥ§Ҷ÷ 
˵һʱˣŴ£Ҷ÷ʰЩһ˷Ͳˣֱȥվ 
ڶ緹߿ųȥվ߻Ҷ÷ϻ𳵣Ҷ÷ЦˣϷ޵ˣûʲôصĶҹͻˣټҽȥˣҲȥˡ 
˵ϴ绰 
Ҷ÷˵˺ˣȥˡ 
תˡҶ÷߳ȥŻͷվ̨ߣ֪߱ƾֳϳûУ죬ƾֳе칫ң˵Ҫȥʡְ£һȥƾֳһֱذнĺþ棬߶ĺҲʱƽ⣬֪ԼΪʲôôҪǿʵһͷԼ򵥣˵СŮδһָԲڶջôܵˣôܹԼޣ˼ЦǲˣһԴ˵ˡ 
Ҷ÷˻𳵻λվӹеİˣƾֳһϳˡ 
߰Ҷ÷ͽƱڣ˿˳ϾһˣִCDƮһϸ裬ҼӵУĵɡܷĵӣ˵ϲЩ˳裬Ѫ˺üѧѣܻʢģ˵ҲûʱͶĳϣЩųÿζ˲ؼңһκʱ⣬ǲ˵Щ裬Ҳܸܵ˴˵ĴڣһκѹԼʵҲûʲôãŮ֮ЩһҪȥо͹ˡ֪Щôˡ 
24 
ܷʧȥ˷ַ֪ʽʺԼ棬Լ˶ĳû˼ȥʲôС⣬ҪסįƽҲҪġܷ˶ˣ׷ƽһöĳԵ˵ԼӮٲ꣬ɥʧսҪĸյ֣Се˶ĲϢܷ޴ء 
ܷؾͽӵĵ绰ԼȥǱ˼ѣѿǮֽһȥͷЩֻҪҪ̫̰ÿҵСǮǺ׵ģܷȻѲˣֻ·ı棬չˣڶĳվڶĳϵȥ˵·ֲһġĳϲٺǮǮ٣ǮǮĻǮǮٵĻҪҪпڶĳȥ 
һ磬ͷˣܷ绰żҺŵŮˣ˵͵ȱɣȥôˣһɢˣһȥ裬һڼҲܷʱԸԸ⣬Ӧˡֺܷһ˳ȥȴǱ߳˳Թֿˣض˺ͳ˴кܷʷҲڣʷԱˣ֪ʷͣڳǱߵʱÿ绰ֻҪλû£϶ġʷҲˡּԲҲڣô߸ǱԲ˵Ǳ˵ˡܷعͷʷʲôʱġʷ˵ˣûܷ˵ˣȥ˸òáʷһȻ˸ͣĶˣƽʱ־֣ƽ⣬ĽÿӮǮǮʱ£ֻǽãˣܷ𣬱˵ãʮˡܷ˵ҪҪҰ㻻ҽֻãӮǮġʷһʹԣÿεõĶһƣƵûţ˵һ¾Ͷˣæ˵ҴѡһǮݸܷŵݹǮģ֪Ǯķֲһˣֻܸ˺ƣǺãûŪ£ǰͶˡ 
һϰҲˣϰ챾ڳǱģ˰ҲǲܷӰ٣ϴڣʳߣôûСˡ߸˵ȥϰ˵ˡ˵֪˵ˡϰʧ֮ԱһƣȤҲ̫ã˷ԼҲȥˣ뵽Ƕȥѽ˵һ 
ϰԼֵܵŲһƿͿܷϣ欵ģͷһϲҵĹԹԣöû㣬ԭˣ˼˵ȥˣȴ֪ΪʲôڳǱ߸ˣһʱ˼֮Ž⣬ֻ߹ȥܷԱˣʵôǱߣˡ 
ܷһǷϰ壬֪룬ЦĶҪ㱨һô 
ϰٺЦû㲻 
ϰˣЦŵˮȤϰҪŮһŹͣӮõǮ 
ϰҲܻ䣬ֵ˵ףô֪͵ġ 
ԱһЦǵϵŮ˶֪ม 
ȫЦþþû龰ˣپܣˮתˣǼˣ˵Լڶȥģῴ˶ŨҲ͸˵ˡ 
ţ绰ˣԲģԲͨһ绰Сʯͷզϴ󣬹ˣȫˣǮԲһʵʲôءСʯͷ˵ûˣĦȥ̣ͿˣѽԲ˵ãϹ 
˵绰ԲվлӣӿԲ鲻ԣôˡԲ˵Ǳ߳˵£ߣȥڶѼسȥˣҲ֪ɶôţ붼Źˣһλֶ 
25 
Բͻ˳ԲŸ˵ǱŲˣ쳡붼ʮ򣬹⹫˾ǰˮҲˣ˵ĸˮԲ˵ҲãֻСʯͷ˵ˣȥ˾֪ˡ˼ģ÷ɿ졣 
0ʱѳˣͷеģˡеģòӮǮҲеĸˮյĲһȡڶҲȥΧŵ۵˷ϽɵǮզ˵۵æȰοң˵Բ˵ȴļȹϵϣĲǵǮԼֵǵǮءԲæզ졣 
·ϣԲøզˣȻҪ죬óʱ͵ó֣Ӹˮ˾Ҳ죬ãã׬Ǯ˾׳ˣʱβһǰҪڶѱɵǮˡʱǮˮһϰ˲٣ˣ£סڶĿͣҪ̻ҲףĿ;ϵۣǧ׶ʧץһξͶһΣԺôҲܻȥˣҪġ 
һ۵զ죬ڶҲ⻹ǲ⡣Բкˣ˰Բ˵λԵȣϰǿᡣкϰ嵽棬զ¡˵ȴûŪĸɵġ˵һ˸飬ղڳϴϴŸҪˮŸûŸʾָҪ˵Ǯˣ᲻ɵġ˵˰ֲ²ˣɶûʲô֤˵⣬ֻȲ˵¡ 
Բ۵磬㿴ء۵˲ˮǮͷⳡӷһ¡ʢҶڵϻʱյģҲã˵Ǹ⣬ֻҪû̲ġҲǸ˼Բеһ˿ɣŽԼ뷨Ҳ˵ϰһ£һȥԲסڶ˵λѣұ𼱣˵Ǯ⡣ȰǱŪ֪ͨҡ 
ڶظеĻڻɣм˵˼˵һ⡣ǵɳۿˣղŵΣһ˵֪ˣҲҪЩǮ¥ȥˡԭղŹһӮǮ˺ģһżȫ˦ȥǮ¥ڷ׷Ʈ£¥˼˾ܣ¥ʱֻһؼǮأԺڲѣ˴ЦԽá˻˵ڨϱҲ˶˵ҲǣĹҪ˾ȶĳˡ 
Բ˶᲻ɢȥʴһĲġֻһðʱȫģߣ˭ˣɴȥȡǮɡ˱һľͶˣղųǵŨңĻòǣǮϴףȻϰ˵⣬վûõ֣αɣЩϰ˵Ͳ⣬Ҳżû취˭ҪĵģáⳡӶһ붼ǴȫҲƲĵģЩЩӮǮծеľͶһѣеӮǮؼּ˻ϲ޶ȥóԵĺôģٸ޶ѧϰ࣬öණȴûǮãòӮǮֱץĸʣʱѣЩǮûɶ٣תˣҲҪǮ̣Ҫô죬˵ҲϰˣҲû¿ɸɣĦܵСǮܸȣһҲļ£̣ģûǮȥ¥ 
һʱĲߣӮ˵Ҳˣ˶ȺĳӡΣԲ˵ҪľͶģˮ˾ϷˮϰҲչͻͣ׷Լżģ׼ɢץǮһʱǮɢȥǮûǮĶˮ˾ˮһʱšԲϻӿȥǮ۵ˣԼȴŻӽȥ취ȥˡ 
Ҳ˵Բȥʲô취׵ڵһߡڶԲ͸㵽˶ĿǱûʱǼǵԲǮһһڶĿ͵ǮڶĿͷ׷˵Բ˼һĳ档 
Ȼץģˮ˾ʧСֻҪڣû˵Ūġ÷ˮñӡӡƳƱǻ³ǮˣôˣôôءҲ˵ÿ˶ЩǮģһǿ϶ɲġһӵļκκιһҪֹȷϺҪҪôĵĵطĿƾĵ׬ǮǡߣҪǮԼʮ˰ļͨκʱӲˣϰ嶼Ҫ岻ݴȥ㣬ǿӵɻ¡ɣԼӱΪԼҲöģŶ˷㡣ɻǣ¶ĽԲԲɣͲѡˣĵ˭ûСžţ࣬ʱණֱָƣ۾Ҳܸ˵ʲôķһ߽ʾͻһָܣ벻ģоʱϲġЩϲʲôɻʲôҲǳʱڶģ˺ܶѧѵءϰ壬ûʱ͵ȥԲԸԸ⣬ǲʱ㶼ϣԼǮȥģӮġξ˵˻׬ˣ˻Ӯˣܶʱ׬ǮԼģе˻Ѫ޹飬Ƿһƨʣǡ 
ϰǮֵÿʱʯͲˣò˵СǧǮˮ˾ΪıҸصãڶĿͶĵȻ죬ǮӲǺӮúܣֱڵϼ࣬ʯԼͲסˣǧǮȸСϣСϲһһ̾һ˾ֵĲٵǮȫȥˣ˼ҾָЩһˣˣмȫñˣÿ˶ǮԼ˼ٿˣܷҲȺǧǮÿǮӲ˵һ仰ǾˡЩ¸ҸС˵ȫš 
ҵëַˣθʹĵַˡʹʵˣҽԺȥһBҽָBһĶ˵㿴ĵ׵úܴˡкܶĵ㡣ҽ˵ǽʯҪˡʯ˵ײôҽ˵УѲˣ⵨ûˣʯλҪǲԣڵܱˣ¶Ҫȥᴩ׵ġ 
ʯһǰλûʱúǣһӸ˵λٻһ֣ȫҪԼˡ밤Ųҽ˵úף̬ȺܼʯεƸǻһʣгҪǧ࣬ľͽˣȹֲһ뵽ýͰ͵ģÿλŽȥԿϵ»ƣ˵ãÿζȥСҪ޶ҲҪӦСΪҵõǮˣ֪ǮûţǷôʣʲôʱŻǣСҪǧǮûô˵ǧǮǡʯǿסʹȥҩƿƬҽԺҽԺҩҩĹ 
ʯסʹڳϿతţһɢ˷ǮҪȻ˾ԺǮˡһôǮ۵ò˵ĵңʯĶˣȥʲôˣɣӹʲôӣԼһãôǮǷһƨʣҪĸʣȥǮʣɼˣȥֻаСϿģܷͱϿģģСټˣôҲڸˣĶҳˡ 
ָѿʯԾˣɫ԰ףð麹ڶͷϣּһҩղŹץģ˸̸Ҳǻֻһؿһߡƽʱ˸ȱ׽֣Ȱ˵˰ɣǵҽԺȥҺ׿죬ϰҲǰ취ѽ 
ʯҡҡͷ˵ûµģҩ۹һ¾ͺˡ 
ָ֪£ܿ˵ôǮҲҽѽϿô죬ɽڻûգס壬ԺǮ׬ֲ㻹ǮżʲôúȥѲˡ 
ʯֻ˵ȥɣôˣԶԶġ 
ָ˵ǻؼȥɡ 
ʯǿĬȥįѽôֵġ 
ָҲö˵ȥ 
֪һ۾۵ûûˣĵҹ۵ò⡣ָ˼Ҳ˵ȥС 
СʯֱŤʯǮȥˮ˵һھûɶôˣûһǮ˵ˣˮ˾׬Ǯǣ˼Ҿָǣ˲ǮؼˣСʯСڼ˯£ȴָ˵ʯˣæ¡˵ԭޣҲһֱأСҲܷͬѱˣСϰߣҪһԼ޶ģҪǼҾǻһһ͵عȥģ˵ƶް°ǲôСžָعһʯѾһţľޱȣæ˰ҽԺʯҡ˵ˣؼȥɻ˵վվˡСļΣ˶ɵˣô죬Ҳ̫ˡæȰʯҽԺָҲ˵͸С˵ĦɣߣСͷʯߣʯûˣ۾һգСקĦУصС˳µĲ֪Ǻˮˮ                                   
05 
 26  
ܷʷ绻һȻܼЧɢʱʷ˵ǮһʷһһùĻţʲô䣬˺üʮǮ챾һˣҪܷһʱ֪˺öˮˣǮˮ컹ˮͷʹˣôȥ˵áʷӮǮЩֳ꣬ݸܷܷЦ˵ϰ󷽡 
߳ϰܷ棬ܷĳؼңܷȴʷһ·ʷĳ 
ʷܷôûڳǱˡ 
ܷ˵ųԴˡ 
ʷ˵˭㳤ôƯȰŮԹޡ 
ܷЦ˶ȰôΪʲôǱЩ˺ 
ʷ˵˭˺㣬㲻Ҫȥ˺˾Ͳˣʲôġ 
ܷ˵ˡ 
ʷ羪̾ģɡ 
ܷεģŮӶౡ 
ʷһ¾ͱˣ֮Уϧ֮˵첻Ҫȥˡ 
ܷЦЦǸ˵Ҷӻڼҵûȥӡ 
ʷ˵ôˣҪȥȥˡ 
ܷ˵ҶӶϰȥˣÿ첻ܶҶҪȥӵģȲɡ 
ʷԳЦЦ˵㲻˵ 
ܷҲЦЦÿɷӡ 
ʷ磬Ϊɨˣö˵͵ʶӣܷЦŸʷټʷ翴ܷ˫ǵĴ۾˸ղܵĴЩᡣ 
û죬Ǳˣܷظ˵㣬ȥԿϵ» 
ɸˣеôϲԿϵ»ˡ 
ܷ˵Ҫ衣ܷ˰죬ܷŰѶ͵׶԰ 
ܷؼ˯˸ֱ绰ģʲô 
ܷ˵ڴϡ 
˵ôˣˣڴϣǡ 
ܷЦƨء 
ڵ绰ǱЦˣ˵ڨ緹аɡ 
Լ˵طܷ˵绰ù·ˣˣ߳˸ȥࡣ 
ܷ˷˵Ū˶ãԲ飬ǷϺüˣ綼ҪȥûС 
ܷ˵ûУôѽ 
˵ѽ޶ãӮôǮҲˣҲˣҪȡϱˣһȥ 
ܷҲͬУ˵СӻǸ˲ţ飬ý޶գǶˣһȥȥԿϵ» 
ܷĳ࿴˵Ǳգˡ 
ܷ˵ˡ 
˵ҲҪʾʾߣȥ޶һ 
ܷô˼ 
˵ʲô˼˼˵ֳܷǱߺͳȥֻܷȥˡ 
Щߣŵĳȥ 
ܷмûˣҪȥԿϵ»ŮһȥҲһЩ绰¡ 
һܷĵ绰˵Ķ 
ܷ˵ڼ 
ʣ۾ôˡ 
ܷﵭ˵ˡ 
°οҲǣ˲䲻㡣 
ܷЦ˵ˣǱգȥ޶һȥϵ»ɡ 
˵ǱѽǺðɡ 
ܷ˵һô 
ڵ绰̾㲻ãˣˣ쵼X¶࣬ӽ쿪ʼҪˣˣˣһϰ࣬㲻֪жܣһ绰˵ɡ 
ܷ˵һ绰ɣˡ 
˵Ǳʱˡ˸кˣܷ˸λˣҪ˳Էľ飬˳Է춼ҪĲҪĶ붼䣬һ߿˶ġճһڼҲ㲻Ĳ˶ţʱҲôһЩôѰ˵ЩʶĶӮǮҲᷢǮԼ㲻ģҲšأͷ궼֣ԴܷˣǵĳӾͺˣǱߵĺüĿͶˣҲģܷһˣҾÿÿҪ˵һǴ绰Լܷû˾㲻ģζˣܷճð 
ܷһοģʱܿ͹ȥˣĵʱܷ˵Ҫȥӱˡ˵˵տܷ֡˵ллˡ˵лʲôϲˡ 
ܷ˳ȥ׶԰˱һˣȻûʧԼ˵òˣܷߣһ׳Ӻһݸֿ˻˷ܲ 
ܷ˵Ҹ˸СѣǸƯãи˫ 
û˫ʵࡣ 
ܷ˵ûһ׶԰Ŷа࣬ÿƯˣգ߲ˡ 
˵ˣ裬׶԰ʦʦСѶҹˣô˸ҹգ̫ˣ裬ҹ˵Ҵء 
ܷһסˣö춼û˵ˣһ¾ˣһʱҲ˵ܺðɡ 
˵ϲˡ 
ܷ˵ζЩЩЩˣ֪Ǳôˡ 
ȴ˵һõ绰ڶѣҶӦ˵浽ʱֻϡϡ˼ֵˣûӣû˵ųȥһˣһȥͲˣ˸ߣˣǵûӼԲҲطȥˣò׹ĸˣǿǿѳˣһ˴ϴײˣǳӲûŪɢˡ绹ҪȥԲϲƣֻգȴµģЩܷһʱǳӺεǮˮһӿô˺ǣЩ죬ȴ壬ɴŶˡ߲ܷһһЦ֮Ĭĺ˵ȥ⣬ȴ˵Щڷĳ϶Ĺˣôܽ˶ģֻҶ÷˼˵ˣ־Բܷװ׵ذҶ÷ҧڡű߾ͽס뵽ĳȥһ⣬;Լ˼飬ʲôôŲ£ɣɲ˭е㲻Լ 
ߴ˸绰ǽ֪֮˵绰СһȥǱߡų˳ַCDƮĻѧѵĸ裬ܷ˵ˣЩĿģɽѧѵɤôһζܺԼ飬ޱȡԱСڸ˵Ҳϲѧѵĸ裬úม 
˵е˵ﾹЩˡСڿ߸ĲɵģҲ˵ˣŸ͵˷ 
³ͻȻֲȥˣ֪Լôˣôԥԥģ˿ˣȥôʹкűߺСڽȥˡ 
ܷﲻڣ߾һʯͷ˵أһ¾ˡˣЦӭߣþûˣҶأ 
߷Ҳӭ˹˵ߣҸþûдˣС˸λˣ˴кֻطĻ˵Բôȥϲƺǡ 
˵ҪȥҪȥмӣһǶҪȥѣҪҪˮ 
ߴӿڴóǮ 
ܷڳϴ绰ʲôʱ°࣬˵һ㵽Ұ칫Ұɣ־ǰ칫¥ڶ¥Ӫҵӣһˡ 
֣ܷ︶Ǯǣűȥˣ˶¥ܷһ۾ͿӪ߹ȥһŮϵĶܷ˵ʣûڣһ´סˡ 
Ҷ÷һû뵽̧ͷͿܷҲһϻ˵˭ 
ܷҲû뵽תͷȴ´һųˣװϵкŹȥˡǱ߰칫ңˣ°ܸ䣬˵ӣһȥ˫ȥ 
ܷͻȻ˺Щ⣬ûعܵúáߺкָǱ߰칫ʵŮĺһλ 
ЦǺǣôҲʶ 
ܷҪ˵ʲôֻҶ÷ߵſˣ˵һļǴ˻ҡ˵߿ܷһܷۡҲһۣҶ÷˵껰ȥˡ 
ܷס°࣬߳¥˳ֲܷ𣬸ղŮǰ칫ҵô 
˵쵼¹ٲѻ𣬵һѾǰŪ࣬ˣģ࣬໹ǿԸ˦ӡ 
ܷЩţʵ˵ģ˵ľŮģǾֳˡ 
˵ĸǸ¡ 
ܷסˣԭĳ߾ȻŶñӣܣ̫ˣԺʱȫװ˳ߣЦĵƤһ֪ͻȻѹʹʹ 
27 
ʯסҽԺʹòˣСûʯйΣ޳ҽҽɫҰףĺֱðȷʵã˼ֿҪҽʴǮС޷ģȴӵ˵ȥȡǮ˵ϾָһػȥÿַһصȡˢˢǧǮַһ㱼ҽԺǧǮһֲʣؽշѴҽ˵ǻûãҪֻܼ￪С˵ôУɡҽѰ㲻ٶ˵æ׼ȥˡ 
Сʯ˵ɱٳºǣѾûǮˣ˵Ứ۾תҽһЭǩ֣ݶʱÿһСľͺʲôһжеһ㣬벻ҲˡҽҲοһ䣬ûôӣһҽʯˣСһĸоʯ屻֮󻹻ⷢʲôҿɾˣҪʲô˳ˣǸǺá 
ָС߶߶ŲѣҲֻŲȥʱȰο䣬˵ֻǸСҽȥˣ˻ЩʲôҲûˣͼܳˡСƽ 
ʱ֮ʯƳˣû˻˯ţݿѺܰˡҽС˵˳ҺüʱˣǵҶ׵úܴˣ׸ȥǽʯͿڵǶҪʹ˵ġ˵߰ѴʯȡʯͷѰһϴݸС˵ûˣϢСĲ˵ػصԭλá춼ˣָһֱԼСŻعлæоָȥ 
ʱ䣬ʯͳԺˡСȥסԺʣǧ˰ʮԪǮһһٶʮԪǮСžļⷢʹ˵ǮҪ޶ģ˵κ¶׼õģڣ¾ûˣʲô¿ôǺãʲôʱиԼ޶ǣʮһˡСһٶʮԪǮۺôҲ᲻óʯؼҡ 
ڶԲ飬˶Сѹˣǧʹ㲻ỹǵóһٿǮʾʾǧǮת۾ͲˣǧǮҲδʯ˵ûСĸκһ㣬ӿôӴֻѴǮȴǮ 
С񲻶Ѱ˺ܿϡŹֵ̫̫ˣСе£Ӧԣ°Ѫಡ̲ΰθٰУʧҵ¸ʧȥûкײûб˺ҲֵòõĽСƣûаȫУ֪컹ᷢʲôҪǮҪǮΪȶ̤ʵĸоСĳ壬޷Ž⣬òװʯлָСǸסˣ㽫ĵ㵽ʯһ˵ϲֹСˣʯǸˣΪԼԺѣС߶ѩϼ˪н֮ͣ˵ĸεë˵ģᣬҽ˵Ǹҵڡ 
˳ܿѵ޵ģ޷ʱĳʽǿҵر 
ʯԼҲϲǮˣһĵһȥһĳ˺Ƕ0Ķ˵ģ֪ڿӣƻˮʯһȥͰԼѺˡûлͷʯƽһλһӺ϶Ϊļͥ˱Ӯʵ벻ʲô취ˣСʱܽǷծǣ˵ڵĶȥҹǣ¸ڹֶǣʺһ࣬Լʮ౼ĵ˾ֻһרƾ΢ŪҾҵСǮڣҲ֪ʲô飬ôңǮǲãʯʲôҲûˡ 
ҪʯȥľͺˣҪʯһȥľͺˣԺ¾Ͳ֪᲻ᷢˣֻᷢǲ֪ˣһʱͱϲأĲٷ֮ٿľڤڤ֮޷׽ϵָĳʱĳĳĳĳĳﲻأǣĵ˭ܰյˣ˭ܶܵء 
ܲңʯˣ䵽ʱˮ˾ٷˮˣʯĲˡʯͻȻر˿ɴĵȻ߳컹ᷢʲô˭ҲҲˣԸķ䣬֪ԼһҪȥһˣΪʲôûˣⱲҲˣĴֻСܷе˴ѣˣҪȥĵطȥˡ 
ʯгˮ˷ķѸϰʯˣƽʱŵģļ簲ο̡ʯĻϣӸϰĻ̣ӹϰ忶ݹʮǮٲ˵һ仰ƮƮƮȥˡ 
ʯȥ̯˰ҩȥƿǶͷžȥ衣ʯķͷźǶͷǰҩȥ档ʱڵһ¾ǲȥǧ˰ʮԪǮǧ˰ʮԪǮԴȥԶٶٿϵ»ǣ԰Ѽı̫ͳͳˣʯӶڶˣл㱼俴ŲŻ·ıֻֻЬײײ 
ǣӣְ±ٸϵ»ˡ 
ʯһȥͲûѶСҶҲ֪Ķȥˣ廹ô飬治Ҫˡû뵽ʯľͱɳȥʬʱʯʹؾһŵԼʹŤŻ۵Сһҽбȥ 
̤ˡ 
ʯһڶ0зﴫˣʵ˶˵Ǹʵˣöǰǳ꣬ȽˣôͰװľͲˡ 
ҲǣΪǮȥҲֵ̫һٸѽ 
˵˼ˮ˾飬˼׷Ҫʣһʱȥѽ 
Ĳ̫ˡ 
Լ̫ô˶ڶģѵ˶ȥ 
ѽαȻ䲻αȥӦãӦãʵڲӦãǮͰˣ̫ˡ 
ָ˰Сݲɥ£Ȱڰ˳䣬Сתۼʧȥ˸׽ˣⱲûϹˣһһضʯţԭʯ˻ˣҲˣһ˹ȥģֽܷ˼лʯһһ˾ǿ֣𶼸ˣȴ׵ˣһˣСôҲԸʵʯڷʬ¯ȼС޵ȥֻʹ˸ʯһȥˣʲôѽ 
ܷﾹȻûһڶĳûжķֻǳ£ŵ˭㣬˭ִ򣬼̫ˣ춼춼ŪĿˣĳԶ˳󱯴ϲš˵ְˡ˵裬ʲôܷ˵ҲҲְˡƶǶ˵صĶȥˡܷ˵ҲҲˡ˵มͷȥǸҲĵطĶˡ 
Ǹʲôѽ¸ڹ˺ͼƨɺ涼ŵ绰㲻ͿϺ˺ģ齫Χ壬˵Ϣʱˡ㿴ǵĽǲǱˣǲҲ߿ˡʯ̶̵ֻػһʱ䣬ǵĲ෹ʧˣǽˡÿҪô࣬ҪǮҪҪӣҪհˣҪȥĦ£Ҫȥ˲гϢлĸɻûһ齫Ĵ齫ϲƽ𻨵ƽ𻨣ݶԵľݶԣĲһӮ˭ܰѱ˵µͷŶãǷ֣ʵһ˸һҲû㲻㲻٣ͲӰ˭ 
28 
˵ںӱߣвʪţܷﳣڶĳݣΪжһвǮģôù㣬ҪȻ߹ôһȰĳòˣһµòˣһһ£һһϲǲϲҪѰĿоô 
ܷϱûǮڹӻɹһЩʱգڶĲǼֱǱˮнοЩڲ˼ʣ޼ľͼһͳסҸɣһѱһŪúݣһעһעµô󡣳Լ齫ȿʼӮЩѴǮӮ˴ԹǮӮǮʼȤŨȥʱ򣬲֪ȥˡ 
ĩϢǹԣܣֻܷԵģһӿӡܷһ˸ͨòˣɳ˯ˡܷҼ·Լȴ᲻ֱ賿ϴˣһʱҲû˴ɢܷع˯Ը۾һͿûڵòˣҺý첻׶԰˯һ죬˯˾һȥԿϵ»ְ׸һһҹǮûӮŻˣ֪ˣͲڼúǣô죬ҪŪð˲ùܷɥűļⶼڷʹ 
˯磬Ȼˣ˼άͻԾˣֿܷѴѵĳƱϵȥˡҪ´绰ˣԼ齫˵ȱһ͵ˡܷ˵ȱһˣӦ㣬ܷ˵Ͼڽ˵㶫ܷѱŵȥģɴ˰绰û˽ӣֻܷðѱߣȥˣ 
ʱ˶ˣܷѱͰׯ˵λ׷£һأ齫ͱ˳µһֿʼˡ 
ܷһѾ͸˸С߶ԴһõĿˣҼǧǮһѾ;ǧܷﲻĻŭţͷ 
һһҲɧܷҶ˵޶ԣˣס˵޶һ˲ģС˧һܷг˰ޱȣⳡӮһڼһˣǱ鶼þûˡ 
һеˣܹվܷܷӮǮͷɣ˵Թԣ齫𡣱ܷ󵽣裬Աաܷһ£ɻҪǮ˵費˵ʱҪ𡣱ҲˣܷŤ裬ҾԱաܷﱾбȥģһͷ죬Ŵ۾ľˣʮԪĳƱ˵̴ȥ򡣱ؽӹǮתˡܷ˶ȻЩۣȴԲⷸ˸Сˤָо 
Щ㲻룬Żñʵ³ɡ 
ܷһ͸оˣоȥһһһɫÿÿһѣֲĸʵһ̣ôţʱ͹÷ɿ죬ܷһʱѾӮ˵ǮȫˣʼԼİˣܷ˾ͱëˣˣղŸüܾӲǮģƴҪٶԣܷԼǮóȥҲתֱ£̲סǨŭڶӡ 
һ棬ֵܷˣܷǮ߽б˵ʱ׼ҪǮΪʲôҪҪ㿴ˡһһԣЦ˵һһҪXͰֵģԼҪëһͱˣԺҪҪǮˣҪǡܷŷԼʧ̬֪ĲƽҪģŬԼҪûкתͣǮȥſϼʣ޼ˣ˶ԼһӸϻǮˣܷˮ˾ˮ˷ֵܹˮܷܷ￴˿ʱ䣬ˣˣһɶ֣ǻͲһһһҪɫμԺǧҪҪǮ߰ģһʱֹȥˡܷһһģֻвˣ̣һҪ̻žӮ˵óԷˣ˷ٴɡܷһЩɥӣӮҴңù͸ˣղŸǮͽϣԼҸģʲôáܷ࣬ȱһ֪һҲ˵£ٴ 
˷׷վǮҲԲֻ˵˷ɣ֤ܷԷǶһ㣬ˣܷóİٿǮ࣬˶٣һ㲻˰ٿǮֲˣǰӮģһһࡣܷòеǮŪŪŪòˣֻˮж尾һԷܷס˱˳⳵ͲһԱ𵽣㲻ҪҪǮº˰ɣˣ治ԣԺٲˣǮ͸ˣûǮʲô˵ˣҪʲôԣʱҪͲҪҪˣŵõɴ۾ܷﲻҿǻܷﻹǿƲסԼһֱţص¥ 
һݣܷɥؽһһƨɳϣܵҪһֱôҰֻܽȥҲ˵һ仰һܳߵܷǰ˵裬ҸǮ˵Сֶ˵꣬Сһؿ޳ 
ܷ󱻵׻㾪ˣССһո۵ĽָɫģԭܷʱӵǮȫţǮֲ֣ͣȫóΪܲ˵ģһ룬ԭˣȴһֱţֱóǮſ޳޶̫ˣܷĻɢӰ٣ı˺ѰۣһѱӣǴؿ޳ܷŶӵͷ˵ˣ費˵ˣǣԺҪʱҪǮ˺ǡ߳ҭߵͷܷһǡܷߵӴδ䣬ǸںǣǸۺǣȫӿˡ 
ܷһģΪ˱ڶĳҲϧԼһУʵȴô¿ɰΪԣܵʲôڶĳȥ̣Ķȥ̡̲˾ȥͲֵǮѵĲƶͱ࣬ѣ˵ĴǼһ̷ˣʹŶӴӴԶطٲĲˡ 
29 
ܷѶ͵ͼϳȥˣôֻȥŪģ齫ٴһͨҲ̲ˣžȥĳեݶȥ֪һȥʹֽ˺üˮˣȥһмˣһͲٶȥˣֻмǮҪեһעˣֽˮ˾ֵһܷҪҪˮżˮˣҪƽʱҶ죬֪ĵϸ۾ŷꡣ 
ܷ￴ɣҲͷȥ꣬ҪܷǵȾͷ˶ϲôˮһ޳ˣֻܷĳϻ죬ݶĶĿͣڣӾͺҲãֻΪ£ŷˮ伱ˣͣؽˮ֪ЩǮҲٷŸղҲܳˮͷطŸѽЦСˣ绹һˣԽԽ̰ɡ 
ܷ֪ٷˮˣһ걧һţžѹ֪䣬Լ࣬òµһǮ˵ȥģȫˣˣǷһƨɵʣôֳģˣһоɥޱȣֲ֪βŰó컹ҪˮĶȥǮˮǣͷһƲס޳ˡ 
Ա߷ϰˣЦͿˣ¥ȥˣãĸʱ̻ˣ꣬˵һ䣬Ҫ˼ҵˮˣС̻˰Ǯ˾ˡϰΪܷ˵ôҲøӣЦϰ˵㣬СˮǮ˾ˣðɡ 
ܷ겻ҪˮǲҪųˮˣ ȻôˣծծӲӲģֻ취ˡ߰ģ绰ˣһżҵģôˣо˵绰ֻż˵Сأе㲻á 
ܷʣôˡ 
˵˯֮ǰҾ;еգЩҩģͷҸ£39.8ȣҪȥҽԺС 
ܷĶҪˣ˵Ϲ˵绰վץϵİߡ 
ܷҪ˳ظϵżңż·ˣܷһͨģؾʹ˹һ̵ˣһ¼ò֪룬кüûˣǰҲɶʯһҾ͸ŪˣûʲôһΣ治֪ô죬ͻȻֻбŵıɫˣƤɫ³һĭֺͽŶսˣܷŵô㿴 
һҲˣ˵죬ҽԺ 
ܷתһ㳯¥³ȥ嵽һ˾еȥҽԺӺܿ쿪ҽԺܷ︶Ǯűңеҽҵ޶ôˡҽŮķһæе޶ֻ޶յͨ죬ȴղŵˣܷذѸղŵһҽ˵ˣ޶ˣҺ½ 
ܷＱʣզ 
ҽ˵𼱣յôЩ޷ҪЩ޲飬Ժ޶Ҫע⣬¶ߣϳӳ黵ġֱܷͷҽ˵ȥҺŰɡ 
ܷﱧű˵ȸ޶ҺɣǮġ 
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ҺҹˣȻˣȴƣ˯ˣܷѱؼң±գһϲ˯ţȴˣ¥ߵܷŸоصˣԼûжǮóһֻٶʮǮܷҲҲκǮˣ궼ˮˣôǣҲֻеȱЩ˵ˡ 
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ϰҲֻ˳ߣǿϣߣܵѣӽǰзһ飬ҲҪҳ 
߼ˣæǮװİļ˵ˣҵǸҲǣĸУ̫ү϶̫֪ߵغˡ 
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ϰҵµĻ֣ǮǴôŮӣôҲùȥˣ˵Ķô棬ֻǸղеҪеѵǾˡ 
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ܿ͵ˣܷ︶Ǯ˱ҪŸȴһɫĳܷžǳ죬Ҫȴͣˣ̽ͷе 
˽һǳ壬˵Ųס˷ܵضܷ˵裬㿴塣 
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ܷﰧ˵¥ȥţȥˣְŹˣƾͿаˮԼȥһ㶼ʹѪˡ 
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ƣԼȥĲܷó绰ʷ硣 
ȴ˵ʷЩ챻ԼŴ齫˼ʮǮ꣬˵ϰ壬ߣȥϴɣãùϴʷжĿˣˮܶ٣ͻᵽλӮǮԴԴϵǮˮ˾ˮղŶٸ⣬ĹŵѵȥѰȥĸˮ˾ýģ޲øӶУЩҪĵϰ壬ʷһֻʷʵֳһ˿ɣ˭ΪԼãԽĶԻԽԽܰ׵ýġ󹩲һСĵعˡ 
˰ĦҪ˱ȣʷ˵˵Ƕ⼸ԽȥӮİٶ 
ʷȤʣ 
˵ǺǣǸ¶˺õúܣǰöҪˣܵԽȥˣʷҲ˲˰ɣٲȥԽˣ 
ʷ˵кǣп˹ȥ˵ţʷĵ绰ˣһӵ绰ܷｿǵʷǣС˵ľȱˣˣҶء 
ʷ˵þûˣ㵽Ķȥˡ 
ܷ˵ڵģҲˣסԺⲻźãڳߣߺˡ 
ʷͷһˣ뻻طԣܷԼڳǱҲôûûˣʱӮЩǱ߻ˣôȥô˵ãһܷǷֵӣǮҲ֪ôˣ˵һߣһܷ˵˵طʷ˵õĺõģһ˵绰 
һʷӵ绰ԼѺǡ 
ʷ˵ѽԼٵ˵Ҫߡ 
ղż绰ǸŮҲǿֱеܷģǰ绰˵ܷǷˮˡ 
ʷˣͲ뿪ˣרʷˣģʷȴˣģһ뵽ܷĵ绰ʷˣʷһȥԺ붼ᵽˣܷڳǱߵʱôҲԼʷ磬ܷﵽʷŹģʷһҡǮǣĸ߶Уʷǲߵģһжʱһɺ⣬һأǲǹȥ˵αĥԼŴ绰Լֵܹҳȥ 
ֵҵߣЦӭӭӭҸþûһĹˣúöѡ 
ЦŸ䣬ȴһݵˣֺģòϰҲڣһܷԱߵĲʷ˭Ц߹ȥ˸λˣʷҲˣкѸղһ·ϣкˣȴ޺޲ƽĳߣǺģЩʱˣ֪ʷǱúúõģǽţ̫˼ˣ̣޷ˣڶ׵̫ãó 
̸Цű߶Ĳߵĵ绰ˣҶ÷ģ˵һʱˣҴһĳӣ˵ɡ 
һҶ÷˹žͿܷ쳣Ŀҫ۵ڳæܷҲҶ÷ˣ˵飬ٺˣҲֱܿſҶ÷ˣԾ˵ͷȴк÷㣬ˡԲҶ÷ƹӦˣѹðɡԲпൽʲôӴ˶ʮˡҶ÷ЦúܣЩӣСʱŪˡԲ˵÷仰Ҳ̻Ҷ÷ٿ˰ʷֳҲϣйһνæкʷҲϵ֪ǳţֻҲˣģӦˡҶ÷ѣվһ͵͵ܷ֪ʲôʱֵˣ̹̹ȻȻģôȴ˵ʻǸµѣЩ˻úܣ˵Ļ֪˵ʲôûУӵ£ҪЩʲôѵڳǰôڳʼǸ 
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ЩãҲ죬Ҷ÷ϰŪˣ˸кʲôʱż١Ҷ÷˵¸ˡ˭ȥӡҶ÷˵ȻȥӆҪϰࡣ˵һ˵һȥأɻȥȥڶͻҶ÷˵˵ɣ쵥λϺæ컹ᣬҿŵùˣ˯ɡ˵Ҳ˯ˣš 
Ҷ÷ϰȥˣλһÿԼҵĳˡϴˣ˵ԣߴ򿪵Կţ쵽ʮʱ򣬴绰СڣСӿĶ˵ڽɣЩûôˣһȹȥ׼С˵֪ 
ִ绰ˮ˵ڽԼ˲ȥ··ŮķʱߴŮķ俴˿Ůû˯һ͸Ҷ÷˯滹ǳŮϢѷҶ÷ë׵ߺͲޣСûʱҶ÷ʰһȾŮҪˣŮϴξȥΣӦηһȥϣĺǣȥҶ÷һһȥûһȥˣʱŸնķʱһһȥ˵Ҫȥ찲ţ찲ţȥԭǴγȥҶ÷ûôù⣬˸໥һ۵ģϲָоǸҵˡ 
߿˳ʱСڵֵѳӲúˣܷҲˣ߽һȥԷߴ绰ϵڶѶĲ 
ڶһӦŲһԼԼˣߵæЦ氲ڶѡ 
ȴ˵Ҷ÷ϼϰȥЩҲòˣǲſʼʱҼʱ䳤˻Ӧˣȸ´ö࣬£ģǸ»ŵõʲôʱȨǣϴ˵㣬ƾֳѧģʲôǾȻȲˣ㶼ǲʲôˡҶ÷ԼԴӱ֮ʲô鶼ԾԾƾֳܶʱԸ͹ϵʦѣоԼڱκʱ򶼸ƾֳˡЩ˵οչӪĹºһھǮ˵Ҫѣ˵Ҳ޵عʲôʱȱǮҶ÷㿪ʱƾֳ㱨һ£ҪǮ 
֪һͿʮ룬üҵĿƳ˵ѽţƾֳҪǮҪЩҶ÷˶ڿƾֳüͷ秽ˣЩĿڣʵּԺϵһղһգȻϸ㣬ԼˣǮǲãҪӦְоǣȥսŷٿǮʮսµͣǰù˸ְ߽һȥһʣʧޱȣֵعһͰ͵ĴڣԹϱΪ֮Ķֳȵžֳø̹ 
ǸÿչĹǵÿչҶ÷ٵƾֳ㱨һ¡˶ˣҶ÷ƾֳ˾ֳ칫ңƾֳ˵ҲҪҪǮɡҶ÷˵ǺǣǸҲ֪ģҵҪѣǿҲųûʲôյҵܲܽ˳ȥװǰɡƾֳЦ˵ҪǮ˵ܶţϾֻʮˣ·ʶûҵŴҶ÷̾ġƾֳ˵Ҳƭɡƾֳ޿κεӣҶ÷ľеʹæѹסԼ˵ǸЩ߸ǣЩᡣƾֳ˵ɣЩ취ооҶ÷ͷһɣָοһƾֳƾֳĵ绰ˣ绰ƳؼҳԷˡվƾֳ¥˶ˣ§סҶ÷˵ˣûʲôˣȥ˷㡣Ҷ÷ͷӦˡ 
Ҷ÷ȥ˷ʱҲˣڰ칫СһϰˣҶ÷ҵһЩ˸ᣬȥҪǮ˵һ£˵ƾֳӦߣôһ룬ô 
ɢ˻һСҶ÷ĵ绰ˣһƾֳģ֪ȥ˽ӵ绰ֻ˻Ҳȥ 
ĺ׷ڶĵȻ죬ߵĵ绰ˣһǻԽĵ绰æ˵ԽǣþûˣʧĶȥˡԽ˵Ŵӹݻⲻ㱨ôĶǡ˵ڽҪҪǡԽ˵ҪǣҵĳϹȥˣҰɡ˵ôԽ˵ڼ 
߹˵绰ŽӻԽȥµϴּ䣬˽ȥϴּҶ÷ȥæҶ÷ûֱ߽˵ݣ߸Ϲȥżˡó绰ҪȥͻȻʲôûҶ÷˵ڽӵģҲû绰ѽѵģЩط˭أǵ¥¥Լôһ̧ͷȴûڶ¥ͣ£ֱܵ¥ͣˣж񼣬벻Щط˭һˣ߲߽ȥ˰¥һؾʹˣһ˲ͣ˰¥ϡ߳ݣȴһЩţţ¥СظкʸղǲŮģ¥Сղȸһʿ˷ţһŮʿŽȥˣʣеؾʶʲô߼ԥɻóһٵǮݸ¥С㣬¥СӹһЦ˵8014ת8014ȥȴͨͨͣԽ߽ԽûҪǿ濴ҶھƵǸô죬Ҷ÷ôЩ£ܣܡߵ8014ſڣţԸŵĲҶ÷ 
ſˣ˶һƾֳչˣ˵㣬㣬㣬С¡Ҷ÷̽ͷʲô£һվſڣһ±òҰס 
㿴ǰʵţɾʵ˾겻ȻתȥҶ÷ŷӦеߡ׷˳ôĽͣǰ˲˸ĳ裬Ҳ뿴ǣҲ˵κλ 
߲֪Լô˳ģΪԣڷ³һȥײ绰СڣСںܿˣ³ȥӻԽ㣬ſҶ÷ҲͣһԣĸǱʹˡСڿɫԣæôˡ˵ûʲôȥСڿ˳ȥˡ 
ϣƮȥһƮϳȥһݵŮĵúû˿ʲôԣԼ߽䣬ţˡҶ÷ʲôʱôΪʲôһʲôԶݣ½ôΪʲôҪȥźǣҪ֪Щ¶úǣͲôʹҲȥôˣÿţͿˡ֧ŵȼ绰ˣóһҶ÷ģӣֲ֪ԣȻѻˡ 
һ븡ǰҶ÷Ҫ뿪ģҺһҹӮֻصߣô˺ͻȻöûرùŮ˵װж٣ֻûûرĸܵôǮˣöŮĽһֱԺãĩŮȾԺõĴõúõģȥôõ˺ǣѹᲦôǮڵλϷܶһҲôǮǣΪʲôҪȥ٣Ϊʲôʵ̫˷ѽˣʵ̫ĥˣˣȥԺǡ 
Сڲһ˻ԽԿ׸߸磬߸粻ڣ绰绰ػ 
ԷʱӮǮҪˣܷһ춼ûˣ绰ûͨĶȥˣܷСڣСҲ˵ҲˣˡˮҲҲųߣ˵ȰѴŪȥԷ극˵ 
˵Է׷ܷжݣæȥãţһһţһ羹Ȼû˿ܷеôһţҵ㣬绰Ҳˡ̧ͷʵʲô¡ܷеԷѽŷֳ鲻ԣǰ̻Ҹͷ߹ȥʵôˡ߻ԼûعʵˡʱڵҲ첻ˣ˯ĶԷӴ 
žѹ߳ȴӶɢˣߣСڼ߸ԭ˯ѳԿ׵ݸ 
ܷ﷢ֳ߲ˣȴ֪ôˣӦˣԼ˵˵ЦЦţȥ˳ȥķ꣬Ҫ˳Ժȣкˡܷʳ߳Թ˵㣬ǰɡܷ˵ĵ绰أôػˡ˵𡣲ó绰˻ܷ￴߾ֵֹֹģ˼û֪ʲôݵôʵôˡ˵ûôʱ绰ˣҶ÷ģôޣкö໰ҪҲҪף˵ͻ 
߲кƲ˶ˡ 
صҶ÷һɳϣҲǻҲأ߻߹ȥĶ棬˵ܸôҳߺºع㣬ÿ쿪ųϰ࣬ΧһĽ㣬Ϊʲô㻹ң˵Ҳװס 
Ҷ÷۾ȻߵˣΪʲôţΪʲôƽؿҶ÷ͳ˵Ҳ֪ԼôֻǾȫٶǮֻҪڶĳҾͻֹĵǣҾҪԼܶҺ£ҺǰһС 
Ҷ÷Ļѳ߻ĿɿڴֱӦԡ૵ԭûаȫУҵûаȫˡ˵ű߾ʲôˣΪһУΪĵһﶼûģΪʲôˡҸطԿԳٲȥЩĵ£Щ¾ϼε飬úۺᣬˡ                                   
06 
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ܷѱϴ˯ˣԼԿɳϿӣߺҲɢˣص绰ߣߵĵ绰ֹػˡ߽һʲôˣ̫ˡ 
ŵӲһ͹ʮһˣܷ컹Ҫͱ׶԰ȥϴ˯ȥ绰ˣȻǳߴģܷæͨˣȴ绰ǶһӣȻȶˣ첻˵ҺȾơ 
ܷæʣ˺ö绰㣬ػˡ 
˵绰̫ˣҹˡ 
ֹܷػæʣ 
˵ھưȾƣҸ˵̫ʧˣһ̫ʧˡ 
ܷæ˵ôˡ 
˵̫ʧˣ̫ʧˡ 
ܷ˵壬һʹĶˣæʣǲȥǸư͡ 
˵ร˵ĶԣǸư͡ 
ܷ˵ţҹˡ˵˻˯ˣʱ̫˯ˣֵĳôˣ˯úӣһʱѲԼ£ȥҳȥ 
ܷﵽưһһ˶ڰ̨ϣæǰ˽̧ͷܷվǰ˵ҺȾƣͣȡ 
ܷûӣȻʲô飬æôˡ 
߶԰̨ķ˵þ 
ܷ￴òӣæֹסȥ˵˰ɣٺȡ 
˵УҪȡ 
ܷ˵㲻ٺˣߣȥ˵Ҫ 
˦ʵĶȥ 
ܷ˵ѽ 
˵ҲȥҲȥҲ뿴 
ܷΪҶ÷ˣ˵ʲô£ȥú˵ɡ 
˵㲻ãɶӶãҲãҲҵΪʲôƴƴɱɱΪΪŮȴ˵ûаȫУűаȫˡ 
ܷһ֪Ҷ÷ЩˣЩȫ˶֪ˣȴһ֪£ôʹܷһۣ˵ȥɣȥǶɡ 
˵ȾƣҺȾơ 
ܷ˵ȥоƸȣȡ˵ͳǮʽˡţĳ棬߻Ҫȥܷ绰СڹĳߡһСڴ˳߸ȵæôˡܷﵭ˵ûʲôȰѳǶȥ绰㡣С˵߸ؼҰɡܷﲻ̫࣬ҲͲֻ˵ˣһŪȥġСڼΣҲʣѳˡ߼ܷˡܷ˳ѳȥԼȥ 
ò¥ݣãûѡ߿ڳݲ˵ţ˵ûаȫУҵΪʲôҵΪʲôž۵˳ܷæܵ䣬洩·߼ȥˣˣŰ䣬оһ˯档ܷ£ȥѱŲ˱Ӹϣѹűѱɳ˯ȥŪĵطɨˣŪ궼һˣż˵˵ûаȫСôʹܷ࣬ġߵĵ绰ˣܷг߽ӵ绰еһĺ룬֪Ҷ÷ԼҲû취ְѵ绰˳ѻҲҲ 
ܷɳһͷһҹ˯ţʱЩ⣬ȴˡܷȥжӣ¾ѳߣĵʪˮϴӣˣܷæСָָϣˣҲû˭СҲǻĸܷȥ䡣 
߻ˣ۾ģģûԼĴϣһҲˣԼûԼĴϣȴûۣϸˣܷļң˿ܷ̾ĴϣһһģûΣôģŬһ췢ʲôȴʲô벻ˡܷͱ߼ܷﾹȻҲڣ󾪣еʲôˡ 
ܷˣʧӣæοˣ绰ȥ㡣 
˯ľȻǳ壬ϲؽе塣 
æӦţ´ȴֻ£ǻ֣̿еҵ·ء 
ܷ˵һǣҰ·ˡ 
˵棬·ڲġ 
߻ǲܷûʲôɡ 
ܷﵭЦЦ˵ûУ˯ˡ 
߼Լʧ̬ٸ˵ǶԲ𣬰Ūô࣬ô 
ܷ˵Ϊ˿̫ˡ 
סˡ 
ܷ˱ټ˵ĳСڿˣ֪ŪɣҪ˯ҲУҪߣԼ߰ɣͶȥˣټ 
˵ټܷȥˡ 
߼ĸӳȥˣæȥ·Ÿеͷѣǿ֧ȥ䣬ȥ·봩ϣ浽Ż֪ô죬ܷһֻˣֻˢˢ˺Ҵϣؼȥȥһ뵽ҪؼҾֹסǸңɲؼȥ 
ܷ˱߼ˣѴˣܷסһԼ˴߸ղŸǹıӸԼϣϵ¾ôӵеĲ֪ϧûõڿ׷Ѱһ˳Լ˯ȥ 
ߴ˳صԼҶ÷ϰȥˣ߿ϤһУͻȻͳ룬绰СڳСڸ˵ҪҪ˵ɡС˵컹ڽôĵ˵һ˵ɣе£ûǴ绰ˡ 
ܷһһˣȻû˸绰Լ˵绰СڣС˵߸£Ϣ 
ܷ˵绰ԼҲĵģȥ˯ˡ 
34 
ڶһ翪˻ȳлȴûӵ춼Ҫĵ绰ĵ绰Ҳͨڶֻõȥ 
ڶ֣绰ˣһİĺ룬갴ͨȴ绰Ǳ˵Ǳôǿ㡣 
һæ˵ҽ˹㡣 
С˵˸طʱСӮ˵Ǯǰǿ޶绰˵һֵó˵£һܣйչգ˵Се֡ǿ˿ҲɴԼȥ 
겻һӵСˣòݣȴܸʵǿ绹ðɡ 
С𵽣ãǿ羭˵㣬˵þûȥˡ 
ЦЦ˵ǰɣҲһ̯ӣȥҸþûһˣʲô 
С˵ҽҶС 
Сǿ˵֡ 
С˵˼еèļڷԡ 
˵̫ˣǿ綼˵С 
С˵ǿ˵ڿӣܲΪ¡ 
˵ԷûУȵƵ꿪סŰɡ 
С˵ġ 
СһݣҪ˸ż䣬ЩˣȲĵС˵÷ɡ 
֪¶֣Ҳ뿴õ˷ 
Сƣϴˣ䶯֮տɵ÷Ϊ֮һСϴƱ˵Ҫʲôƣ̡ 
˵KͬJͬҪ˳ 
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СùϴϸţЩģֻҪʲôһ۾ͿóСȴ޷죬ƲһһҪƣAK𣬴Q𣬴8𣬴567С˳ô겻ɵùĿ࿴ 
Сȴ˵Щĵ˶ӣ˵ˣ㷢̳㷢 
ӹϴϴСһ˵A109һ˵һ3˵KJ6һ7ȫˡ 
棬СˣԼϴƴˣȴ˼ҷƣ֪һ֣عĿĳϿôͲǮˣ̾ȴС˵եӰɡͷС˵÷齫 
æ˷齫ڿӣС齫ʮͲӺۼóԼһ£бϴơģϴãСһƱһƣûһ˵ģְƺ˹۹ֳ£ϴϴСһŲ˵ó꾪̾߾ǸˣҲֻǵʮƣºƣδػǵסȴûͬʱʮƵģСȴʮƹĿҲλα䶯˺ȥǿ۹ģǵסһ̾Ǹ˲šھĽȴС˵ܼƲҲӮǮӣæС˵ĸ 
һĸС䣬ĸһҪ򼸵㣬ûһسһͨӾȻǴˮǰʱ㵹С̾˵ЩèñЦˡ 
æ˵죬Է˶ˡ˵ȥ³ 
һƲ껹أԻζղŵһĻһĻȻ߻ʮ齫СʲôҪʰһߣֻǳҲеü£δʰҲˣˡͷһ⣬С˾ƣ˵ǿҵİֵܣֵܾҵֵܣҷ껹ֵס㣬㾡ܷġ 
С˾˵лл硣 
35 
סھƵüûؼˣ˵绰ؼҵʱ䣬ȥ˻Ʊϵķɻ߹Ҷ÷ȥϰˣŻؼȥ֤뿴Ժľ֣顣ֻʵ޷ѸٵҲһʱоõԼȥΪô࣬ȴӶԭŵģͬı 
߸ܷ˵Ҫȥ磬ͻ 
ܷ˵š 
˵̫ˣֺܶˣ㡣 
ܷﵭ˵㲻Ҳҿô 
һĶӵ뻳У˵Ϣ죬һ͸Ǵ绰 
ܷ˵š 
ڶ˷ȥϷɻ߽ңȴҶ÷ˣ˺üδզһ¿ˣһ󾪻ţҶ÷ƽ˵⼸쵽ĶȥˣҲҵĵ绰û뵽Ҳȥ硣 
˵ȻȥҾͲȥˡ 
Ҷ÷˵Ҳ˰ɣȻ˾һȥɣʲô¸ȥʲôϵ 
ֵֵغһ˷ɻһߵŮǰ 
翴ְһˣ˷ܵòˣһŰְ֣һ裬˵ְ֣˵δҺȥ󺣵ģ˵Ҫม 
߿Ů˷ܵӣɨˣҵشӦˣ˵һָоüͷȴͷ˵ڶĻƱһĶˣ˰ŮͻѧУصƵ꣬ԻԼķ䡣 
ڴͷӣôҶ÷û˵һ仰˵Ůһԭ»ھεĻû˵ʲô¶ûһ㣬ߵͷˣʲôʲôãȥ͸˵ˡžˣæȥţҶ÷ 
Ҷ÷߽˵Ϊ磬ԭңҲˡ 
ܲҶ÷ҪӲţԲҪˣֱ޿ɾҩǨȴ¡ 
Ҷ÷˵ڵλϻҲףλϵ˶úܣѱȥҲۺ࣬Ϊ硣 
ߵˣίû˵һҶ÷һʮŮˣκһκһطϤˣԭֻǺʱôޡҶ÷촽Ѱҵˣ˾һ˵˴ߣҶ÷ȥ·ҲԼѹˣһڴϣȥˣƽʱ£죬Ŀ룬ǻ﷢˷ܵʣһ·ֿһˣϣĳײҲΡ 
ǣһ¾ˡɥظϡҶ÷ʶʲôȥҲˡ˵ȥɣҪ˯ˡ 
Ҷ÷оһֵ˱㣬ôҲˣؼ·ˣһ仰û˵߳ȥ˶֪һж޿ˡ 
ȴ˵ߺܷȥСˣʷϵˣСٹһھͷżˣҪѧڷż֮ǰܷõ0ȥСҪĻڡ 
ܷСҪ˱ĶԼҲûʲô£뵽кþûˡ 
ܷ߽üңһݵŮսûЦǺӭǰкˣҪҪȥŪѣ̫Сˡ 
ܷЦñĻڣ˳Ҳ㣬ܺ 
˵ӣ컹ǸҴ˸ڨ 
ܷЦúǣҪ齫Ҹ 
ŻµģһŮ쳣ԾһеĿֱŮЦͣŮҲʡ͵ĵƣеһһȫǴɫģܷѰȥӲӰȴΡ˭ԭǺ 
ֻ֪ʲôӣŮֱЦһͿǺһǰ˵Ž㣬סŽ᲻ϱۼ俴ǶæЦ㡣˵ߵȻǿءճסˣЦãǸЦˣһǴЦȹһ̣ȫŮ˶ٺôЦЩҲһͷζ͵֡ 
ܷһ䵽⾰ЩСǮˣһƷ˵ˣȻ̸Ц绪򣬵ǸˣЩϧӢĩ·˳ĺ֮̾߹ȥкôˡ 
ͷһܷһҹûٵķ٣ӮǮȥЩȥԼǷøòңϡϡ伸ƱˣΪĶģʮǮС齫ֻҪģֻҪ˻֣ĻٺĴС˲įʲôáܷкҲĻǷòңС齫ء 
һʮǮ齫С齫Ǵܷ˸Ǻǿӣ 
ݺЦڣ˵ˣɰͬеˡĿǰһеһֱ䣬ۿҪϴˣһϴֲ֪ĶǮȥʱ伺룬ԣòˣÿÿһƣò״½ˣһڵȼģû꣬ﷳֲ˵ڣֱͷƶò¸ĽУǺһҪһ֣žջּڰУеаҲȲˣһ˵ˣˣ 
һ㽫ջأ˵һûʲô 
ɲʱôûûô֪ 
˵ֻлûذɣҴôһŶ֡ 
еļƱ磬ʮǮԼò׸ƣʮǮһ£ôһùеһ۾Ҫ˵ʹˣǲǡǼ˳Ҳǻ˺޵˵ˣȥϴƣ˼ǸǮ 
Ҳ𲻸˵̲㣬ĸ˵ 
еļضȻ˵㣬һվ˵Ǯ 
ԷǿƸǲˬҲվ˵ûϰ壬ϰ 
͹ˣ˵һˣʮǮС¡˵ˣʮǮˡҲˣǰ֮ˣֻŹҪȰһҲ÷ţ񵽵ס 
ǣûбˣﱾǻԵɣһ˸÷ľ͵÷ҲûǶϡ࣬˶֪еˣǮûˣջʮǮݣõʣָֻź˵Ǯĵ͸ 
һߵһ˵ĸҺ䲻ʣҺ䲻Ǯô˻䲻ʮǮЦȴӲᣬû 
һڣ˵ҲмˣмЩط١ 
״ҲһʶǮãҪˡ˼Ȼߣղžһͷǻðɣ˵ǲ 
˵ҳˡеһתԱ߳ץϵʵΪԷŻԼҲֻ蹷̧Ҫߡ˼еӳæǰȰ裬е˻죬ÿÿҲдϴ׸Ǯ˳Цʱּ˸ҲǮﻹʲôӣ˹ȥ 
һͱ˽ȥûعѪעͷһӼؿϣţѪͣӿޣȺģˣѵΪʮǮͰˣԼӢǧʱ򣬻绹ҹУͻȻԼôңԶˣңԶòٻˡӿڴͳһǮȥѵ˵ֵܣʮǮȫȥɡеľɵˣֲͣضţôǵӾͲȥˡ 
Ǯ׷ءȫ˶ˣֻأؾ͵ȥˡ 
˼ 
˾ſΧˣѪһأܷﱧźʵڲĿƼˮ˵ѪУڱĵϣһҹϲƯˡ 
ѵܷæţ˿˵û뵽ܿ㣬Ҳһ׷㡣 
ܷοģ120ϾˣϾˡ˵ţͿ۾ˣŵûܷûһָӦһ̸ֱܽˡһο˵һ룬߱˹ܣһ߱ʡǴģ֪ﻹʲôûУܷ뵽ԼҲǹһˣ޼ҿɹ飬˿γ߱ʣ֪Լˣٺܻһ죬ʵиʱŲñ˺ãʱ򣬸ʬʧ˭ 
120Х·ˣɢһ·߹£̽һº˵ˣûˡվˡ120ſˣһƬȻ 
110žˡʣĸϰ壬ϰ 
Ӧȴ˵һָǸ˵ҵºǡ 
ŵûˣ˹ͨһ£˵ףɱˣס 
ȵϳȥָ˵Ҳϳܲѡһæ绰 
üװͰ͵ģܵصֿʲô£ֲɱˡ 
˵£ڶĲأЩ0ˣֿֿŽ̲ģΰõľǶ0ˣЩһˮҪΪǲ֪ġ 
һҪͷʹˣһģҪǮûУҪһŴƱ絽С齫Ҳжģ¸ˣСݻڷԣҪǶ 
˵¸˾͸þڶĲΰǸƣܶСֻҪǮͽжģѵҪ𣬿㶼ǸϽˣд 
û˵ס˵ȥɣȥ˵㷣˵ûǮһֶµġ 
ԺöģιץģԸһףȷʵԼĲŲȥҲܣûǮզ 
һһĳ˸գˣֽǹʬ塣ЩõɳѶ¼Σֻûȥʰһ£ţھӴк͸Źϳˡ 
˱˷ܵؽ̸űɢȥ 
36 
ղ120110Ⱥų0Ĳ˸ŵøϽץǮ·Ӵܡ 
Բӵſڱĵ绰ڿ٣ù͸ˣԼʮˣǸһȥǧǮͲһȥǧǮͲЩ0˸եעӮǮˮ˾ԻУлǮһëٳؿ˶֪Բһϳǰ˾ǰԼϴסüӮǮ˶ˣµҲûĶͷˣԲԲģУǰˡ˵ǳ٣ǿ죬ץԼǰǮɢҵزȺԲ¥ߴ绰лӲҪˣָܽУŹˡһŻعԼС϶ôǮˣС﷭˴ôҲ̲ˣ绻ط ó绰ļĴϵ߸粻ڣִ绰磬Ҫģæ˵úܡ 
Բͷָ˵һˣǰǮţ쿴Ūˣһɣּҽ̲ˣطȥ̡ 
𿴾ָûԲãûķǶͶľ֪ԲҪ٣ḻٱˣԲԸ꣬ɫƯͲǸӮ࣬ȰˣҿͲҪˣЩСϻһˣĲɻľӮ˲֣˲ƣٶǮŪ꣬Ҫɲס 
ԲһͲˣУ˵Щûľѻզ̲ˣĲôôԲԿûʲôǮûǮζҲʱΰԼżȻ˾ͼòˣҪ̻ɣõ˵ֻӮ䲻𡣱ԽȰԽĺʤģֻ˵ɣˡ 
ָ֪ԼĻûЧæ졣ԲҲųȥ߸۴绰˵Լˡ 
Բ˳ȥҷǣ¥ʱ˽һģǰǵĳӮЩǮܵˣ֪ûУҲкӮˡ 
һ߻ң·ˡ 
Բ˵һǱŲȱˣ̡ 
ĴӦ¥ȥˡԲŽȥһǾƹȵ˵һھƣ̹鵽˵һ̣һ¾̹ˣ³һƾͷˡ 
ȴ˵¥ ߳ĴԶԶǰһС꣬ϹŹõ绰ֱ˹ȥ͹˵ģ˵ǽ쿴׼ʹ绰ȥڵ绰ǱˡΪȫǲԼĵ绰ڹõ绰ϲ˺ţ绰ͨˣѹ˵˵Ǹط¥ֱߵһ䣬ˡ˵˵绰 
˵ҹ·شΪԼĵ绰ȥõ绰֪㵽ڵϰྵǷһڣĹʶǳĵˣֻȴأ˵ЩʲôЩĸþɳɸ֣е紵;ˣһ¥ֱߵһ䣬ǲǱǿķô 
Ĵ绰Ǯˣæ绰˵ڹõ绰ǵˮϾ͹ˡ 
Щ˵мʮٰ򣬰ȫʲôҪһӵ绰һɢ 
Ȼãͳˣûˣڽֶѹ˸յο˸һֻնӡȵֺ޵ҧгݣĸҵˮĲˡѸղŴ绰ֵһʣֵһһ룬Ȼġ 
ԲҲˣҾ˵ϻĶŲȣǸ˵ɵģһţ˵Ǵ߸ŲҲ 
ˣˣյĳӵˣĳӶҵ㣬Цһֵ˵ȥˡ 
ֵ˵ģȥ˵ó绰ֵܡ 
ûǮڽͷϹ䣬ϢСʱˣнˣæ绰ȥȴ˵©˷ȥʱ˶ܹˡļ˺ЩˣԭΪһɨеøˣȴ˵˸գ̲סеܣʱǶڡ˵˼䣬Ųʵذѵ绰ˣûˣĶȥأǮûãֻлȥ˯˵ˣͲѼӷɵѡ꿴ԱһĦģ˹ȥ 
Ųһ͵˼ſڣֽڴһͣͳЩëëǮһһʮģһģʮĴˣĵݸĦģĦ˵磬ôԶôҲø 
Ĳͷˣ˵ûûСˣֻǮˡ 
Ħ˵㡣 
ĺ𵽣һСǮңѲܣ»ٸ㡣˵߶Ħˡ 
Ħں漱ôУǮͲҪ 
ı߱תͷ˵ҪҺû˵꣬§ˣҲһ±סˣûӦͷţصȭͷѪð˽ǣ¡¡뺰ѣֻҪŪ߰Ͷˣ©ˣըˣһֻֻ֣ǵһ£ĵʹȴ֪ȥˡ 
ҪֵͣסĵŶʹδεȴ˵һ仰ˡһ˵ɶǮ㶼ҳԣҪٸɡ˵ﳡȥ߳ĦĻδؿţóǮ˵ս㡣Ħæ˵ҵ£áҲ˵ˡ 
37 
ܷ֮󣬸һȤһįѱӻغ󣬱ʦһܷûһ˼ɫ˵ȥ˯ˣһϿˣҪֺһ㡣 
˵ұֺˣһҡ 
ܷ˵ãֺһ㡣 
˵รม 
ܷ˵õģ裬˯ˣԡ 
˳ӵȥϴˡһŪ˴˯ˡ 
û˵ܷٸмįӶӲȥѪΣȴúкöÿһռ䣬ԽԽ£䶼ȥˡܷó绰ߣ˵ֻ˵䣬˵С 
绰ͨˣȴǱʣôˡ 
ܷ˵Ҹ˵ 
˵Ҳи˵˵ɣ˵ʲôء 
ܷеǳοһ¾ͷˣ˵֪ôˡ 
߾̾ôˡ 
ܷ˵ղˣɱˡ 
˵ô֪ġ 
ܷ˵һسȥȥͿ齫ΪʮǮɱˣöΧſϵѪû˹Ұһ 
˵ôôѵôȥʮǮء 
ܷ˵иʱ˾ת伱ˣȥ 
̾ǿϧˣǸˬˣ˿ֻǶ̫ˣϧˡ 
ܷ޲ʧ˵Ǻǣ˵˻ʲô˼ź˵ŻƣЦת۾Ͳˡ 
˵Ժǣŵʱһ͸úúõػһ졣 
ܷӿڵǺǣĵػһ졣ˮϻ䣬ûҪԼҲѹԼ绰һĬֻ˳һܷ˵лл㣬˵绰ҺܶˣټҪ˯ˡ 
ټ 
߽Ůͻؼסˣּעֻǳ⣬Ϳ˭ˡ 
ó绰ڶѣִ绰ԲǸСǰԲСĳϣ˵ڱʶģ˵ǸЩ£еǮ죬Ȼֲ߿ϸˣϲûʲôףǸĵˣϲ绰Լ 
Բ˵ҽԺB˵ӵˣͻȥְСĵ绰 
ؼʼرˣڽ쵽ҽԺ飬˳B˿һһһĶҽ˵Ǹ̥̥ͷ̥ࡣӼòˣкŮҽ˵Ůһ˻Ҫ׷ʣҽֻ˵ҽ˵Ҳû취ŮҪҽ˵̥úܺãûлΣӾͷˣƽ쵣Сһȱ첲ٸȣǶǡ 
ˣ۵ģؼҵ·ϣԲˮغúõسԣ·̳ʱֽȥƯи¡ԲǣصţרĸӤƷĶޱȣƱڻˣһһҪһóһ 
һиǼôֶ۵ºǣһһΣõĹذҲԽԽ࣬ԲСĵغǻżһ˹һϳӵĳͻ˸ʱͦŴڽϻţҲһͬεˣǻһЦؾ֮ǶôƺǣﵴŰҺõְѺˣҪôõôõС 
Բ˵ԺǲҪ̰ˣ춼ؼԣҲҪԼΰǴ齫ú˯ҪɢɢҲôš 
绰ˣСʯͷģԲʣʲô¡ 
Сʯͷ˵磬ҳˣҰȴˡ 
Բؼһײһӭ濪Сʵ˵ʲôĶ 
Сʯͷٵ˵ղȥʣȴˡ 
Բˣʹˣ𵽣Ķ 
ſڡ 
ţϾ͵ˡ 
Բļǽ÷ɿ졣֮ҲԹȰ㲻Ҫˣ㲻Ҫʲô£ôѽ 
ԲҲ֨ϰµģ͵ˣһͣȣ˳СʯͷʹԱ¥ܳе˵磬Ⱦҡ 
Բ˵¥˵ţզ¡Сʯͷ£˵ 
ԭǷǮ˶ˣԲֵǴ߽㣬һСʯͷʹ˸ȥ׷и0е˹˾ǧǮʮ첻棬۵ȥأ˵˵Ǹĺö춼ûˣ֪ĶȥˡСʯͷ˰ŰţϴԪµ׵Ľ𻨣˰гܶ㵽ĶȥʮˣˮҲкеĻٿ졣˺òײҵܰѣֻ취Ҫиеļ˿ǿӲֻ˵ȥǮ˸ƨɺת˴죬е̫ˣû˽һǮеֻ˵绰ٽ裬ٲᶫҲС˰쾹ȻһǮûţѻ𣬸ص绰ҲǷͣһͽıڣһֵǮĶҲš˾ŵתһϣžָ£ˣȻ˵ǴɣҲǮˡһˣǺݺݵŪֻŰŪˣ취ȥǮ͵£ֻҪǮ˾Сû뵽ԽŪԽ˵ûǮɴ˵ǰŪɣҲǮˡſһ壬Ūˣһץһûͷร֪ôȥȾͶˡɵˡʱ˵ˣһΣٷ˷شˣɱˡ˼״ֻȾܡ 
Բּ˵㻰²̫ԶˣǧǮŪô˵զ죬˵զ죬ôŪԣǲܰŪˣ費ôҪöء 
Сʯͷ˵һҪø㽻 
Բ˵һ̾Сʯͷֿס룬ʲôã¶ˣֻȥˡƽʱСʯͷǰܺҲ㾡ĽЩ£Ҳ޿κΣȻ˵Ҳû취ˣܰɣһץǺöꡣ˵ͳеǮֽذѼǮҲó߰ǧݸ˵ҲûֲͣסˣʲôѵĴ绰Һǡ 
Сʯͷųôû뿪УͻȻҪȥƯˣ㲻ᣬҲˣʲô취˵磬ߣ鷳˵һҽңҰ磬һֱûټޣϴ󣬸˵һǮȥУСͨҲòˣ鷳øҽðɡ˵ţӿ˳ ԲͷһᣬοƽʱСĵ㣬ڳȥһ˸ҪСˣԼչ˺ԼСʯͷŴӦţ˵ˡ 
ԲعԼ·ȡ˸װ˵ݸСʯͷ˵߰ɣˣһȥġ 
Сʯͷӹ˰ס˵磬ллžͳȥˡ 
رҲģ˵զԽԽԶˣѧΪ̫ˡ˵Ӯһٶʱ͸˵ˣˣȥ⳵㲻ȥˣҲˣҲ˵㣬ȥһҲʲô¸ǺãԲǻ취ıɣһܲˣ϶ٻʣǮܻӮģǮҲˣҪʲôָɲˡ 
ԲβǮܱסȣᵽǮζʱӮô಻÷룬ˣǮָƺӵˮһȥˡÿ˵ţҲ뵽ˣɶĳǮǮȥ̫̫ˣӮǮʱ⣬Ҫʹ˰ĸʺǡ 
Բزӣɳˣ˵ģ֪ģֵ֪ģΪͶӣ֪ȥ㲻Ҫ̫ࡣ 
˵̫ܲ첻ˣ¿ССϡǮҾͲˡ 
ԲʵҲˣһˣôؽǣڲֻжˣ˵ðɣ⣬㲻ǣҪһЩ˽ˣŪ֮¿ʼ 
绰ˣģֻ˵ԲҶģ˼Сأѽ 
38 
߹Ҷ÷˯ˣſųؼңÿصúҲ뿴ֹסʹҪУĨȥ 
ǻؼҵʱҶ÷û˯ڿɳſӣûкֱԼȥ 
Ҷ÷˵ˣ˵ɡ 
վסˣʵء 
Ҷ÷˵˯ˣڵ㡣 
Ҳø̯ˣȥܲǸ£˹һɳˣ˵˵ɡ 
Ҷ÷˵ҿʼҪȥʱ뵽˽죬ҺһԸķ䣬ɡ 
Ȼǧ飬˻ǽסңסԼ˵ˡ 
Ҷ÷˵ˣҶԲ㣬ҰȥסĶҶҪֻҪ磬ô˵ˡ 
Ҷ÷ɵӣҲסˣ˵ҲãҲܴҪֻȥǲϰգȥɣȥѰҪɣôˣ˵ô׸һءҶ÷̲סߴûôһ޵Уһ޼ⲻߵģ˵˵ʲôʱȥء 
Ҷ÷˵ֻһСС 
˵˵ɡ 
Ҷ÷˵ǲǴӦȥôһΣһһ𣬺ô 
Ҳ˳§Ҷ÷˵֮˵ʲôûùɣҾȥƱ 
Ҷ÷ڳ߻˵̫ˣңҾԼ͸ˣ޷ˡԼ̫ˡ 
§˵ΪԼ 
Ҷ÷˵һͻȻԼ״ˡ 
˵һģûܿǰ·ҪľͲҪٺӮǶǴ 
Ҷ÷ǳʲ˵˵Ҫƽظ˵ģҲ޵ģҲ޵ġ 
˵޵ãȥ˯˰ɣ컹ϰء 
Ҷ÷һѿߵĻԼķȥˡ 
ߵƽһ֧ȼڸղĵط 
ȥˣܷ£þûˣ֪Щôˣó绰ʲô¡ 
ܷ˵þûˣһۣææ 
˵æʲôڰ칫ҿֽ 
ܷ˵һԷɡ 
˵㵽Ұ칫Ұɡ 
ܷ˵绰ȥҸ¡ҲҶ÷ʵ뿴Ҷ÷ʲôӣҶ÷İ칫ŵģºǸܵͬǵİ칫ܷʣ쵼ء 
˵ݼˡ 
ܷһ·Ӧͳһȥ˺ϣͺˣҲǣڵ˷Ů˶̣Ů˷Ҳˣ̫࣬Ķˡ˵Ǻˣˡ 
˵รҺˣˣͣнְء 
ԱܵǸ½ӿڵ㵽ˣˣǻÿ˵׼ʱϰ࣬°࣬Ҳȥͣнְˡ 
ܷﾪʣôŰúõҪˡ 
˵ڵλɵҲˣᣬŪöȥ£ڡ 
ܷʱĸһĸ˵ȥʲôء 
˵ȥҸǶҸɩȥˣڱŪ˸˾˵ЩƵλʲôͷɵٺôǱ˵ġ 
ܵͬ˵㵽еطȥร˵Ҳǣôܸɵ˵ĶҲԣмôŪҵģһߣǱ߿һ룬ֿ̺һ롣 
µ˵ʲôɣܸôңҪҰЩͻȥɣбôߵĹʣûȥЩͻ㶨䣬ҲҲ㣬ǲ֡ 
ܵͬ˵ҶҶ㲻ýˣúû죬Ժˣ ¸Ͷ㡣 
µ˵ĵƵģʵȥҲһõĶȥֻˣֱ̫ˣܲЩǺãֲһڷԣʲҲɣҳȥ꣬ٳֶܷ˵ʱ仹ðɡ 
ܷ˵ӣ˵ǺȥԵСԵģȻ˵ͣнְˣͲȥСˣһԴףףɣͬһ𡣱˵кܵͬ¡ 
Цڿม 
ܷ˵ģѧУʱҾһֱģҾôҲûúܺõģ˴үүڳˣ¿ʼô 
¼˵棬㵽Ǻðɣû뵽ͣнְˣ˸ףҴ绰˵˵ó绰ȥ 
ߺҶ÷Ӻϻ˾ȥ֣ںö¶ĬûʲôܿͰˣϽ֤ӹ֤һǾͲٻӵˣ׼ǧµǲʧ䣬˺ǣص缺ǰ飬ȻһˣͻȻˣҪĨȥһϰߣҪȥӦһϰߣʵǶôѵһºǡ 
߿ųҶ÷ҪȥĶֻмӣװˣҶ÷ܣ͵żȥˣ˶أ˵ 
صҶ÷ȥԼӰĳȥֻ·˵ҪߵĶġߺסóһſݸ˵㲻öģûʲôϰֻһЩ·⿨ϵǮúһЩˣաҶ÷ѣ˵ŰɣôǮΪ磬˵мĸԸΪˣ˵мóôҪôǮûʲôˣŰɣ˵Һһʱһȥġ 
Ҷ÷˵ʲôô˵óڣԼһδɺӣӹ˵úñأˡ˵תһӳſȥ߿ļͷڳ鶯 
Źˣһ±ÿյģһᣬˮûסˣеһ˿Σɳϣ˵һ𣬲ʲôԭҲ˭˭㶼ƽݡô֧߳ȼУ·ֿҶ÷°ˣ쵽ĶȥԷֿҲˣСҶ÷˵裬ҲƿˣѼ˵Ǹ 
һĻĻڳߵݹѹ÷ȥҶ÷ķ￴Ҷ÷տյģëĵطʲôҲûˣױ̨ǰСƿСޣҶ÷ÿγǰҪŪ죬ͷһԵȷ˵㿴۾ûУֻŨЩֻЩ˵ôˣȥĸˡһ뵽ֹסҵʹղŻΪʲôԭˣҲˣö޲ѰƽģΪʲôҪ棬ֺӾԼӰģ߶Լ˰ĴˣĶ͸ˣ̫ˡ 
ڷһʹ˴죬̫ˣ̫ˣԲʲôʱˣĿ˵ȣȥˣȥԼˣֻҸطȥȾƣԼŪ²ѣͲʹˡ 
ó绰˻ܷ˵ʲô 
ܷû뵽Ѿˣ˵Һͱڿӣôˣðɡ 
˵ãȥȾô 
ܷＺͷˣʵôˣʲôʱˡ 
˵ô 
ܷ˵ðɡ 
˵¥µţҹˡ 
ܷﻻ·ѱſڵȳߣһ߾Ϳˣܷ˳һ¾͸еʹ۾ģͷϤľưͿȥ 
ܷʵʲôˣɫԡ 
ɬޱȣѹԼˣҸ˵ģ˵ˡ 
ܷ˵˵Ӷôʹ 
߸ſڳңôѹҪʱû˵һ仰ߣңôѹΪ㸶ô࣬ȴûж 
ܷ絶ϼˮǧС 
39 
Բһüֱù͸ˣȥƵ˶ˣĿˡȵʱݿ۶ǽǽǽӮˣɴ಻ˣûоȥԼôͻȻͱ׵תϣͣسתȥҲûתôͣǣһж룬׼գ֮ͿкԲ˵ĸоΪͻȻﶼϲˡ 
һãҶоⲻ̫ˣе̫ˣǶжĲˣûа취ѽöҲöҲѽпܾǺö˶ˣ޲ˡԲǻкģӻ֧ŵ𣬿ԲԼĳϾʹûʲôֲһ£Ҳû̵ǸڶֻҪһʼгͲԶˡ 
Բһӣͨ⣬Ǯһ˦ӾͱȥˣЩեעĻȸԾĹùúܣһûեעĶӮǮӮǮ½½ˣ֮вҲûʲôԶ룬ǲĺҵõǮû䣬»ضĵģеýͳˣӮٷ룬ǶԼ޶Щ˱ڶĳҷԵģԼ򣬶ĳ϶ĵĴͲǮڶĳϻ 
ԲҪɢˣ˶ˣ˵磬֯Ǯ 
һأԲùúܣǰ˹˾ûλУˮ˾Լˣ˵ûˡ 
Բӵ˵ж֯١ 
˵ʲôվû˵ͷѹ˾Ǯȫ㼯һԲ˵취֪ҪȥЩ̣кָ˽ϵǮȫ˳ִ˽һԲ˵һ㡣۱㷢ڶѣեעĶӮǮģмƽʱˣִһģ紦ˮ翪ڣҲ˵׷ǮһСЦ磬򲻴ˮЦ򣬴ˮˮȴˡߵǰаæ˲˵ġ 
ҲǸǮƤƤɿհĸһصˡԵλ֮ͣʱûӲž͸ˣ¸ĶӣˣΪһѧ͵ĳͥҵڶġȴûԭǮ˼Ұӿסˣ˵ȥǮӾģҵǮȡӡ֪ǧǮݲѶôվ˼ƼˣҲ߶ʮһ˶ʮղ۵ҪˮǮģҵǮѶŪ޾֮·ͷȻֱˣ滹ӮǮ˵ʵҲ֣ƽʱ˽Ǯ˸Ǯȵ¸ڵˣԲЩĹҲڻǮ㿶óǮȻˮʣµ磬ǧֻʣˣ˵ȫˣ̣һҪλҪȥȡӡЦԲ㶼ţʮ֮ǰ֤λǰɣԲ 
Բһ£е㽩סˣܿסʵĶϲǮˣ˺üˮ˾ǮˣõĶˣˣҲٺü򣬶ϼˮĲҪʱ¾ûһ˱Բҵˡһһľأ߸ļǧǮķô˭˵ʷݣȻĽˣҲû·û·ͲҪؿǰߣͷǰߣǻҲֻˣҪҪ 
Բӹ޳壬ǮŻӴȥ߸Ƕǰڸ԰˶ʮˮְѳ˶µһֵܣ˵ǽȥҲˡ 
Բ߸Ƕʱ򣬼磬ʷ磬ϰ壬СкöڶģԲһһкˣ˵߸磬ˮˣٹ컹ǮɣشˣǮҲȫųȥˣȥʻðɡ˵߰ˮˡ 
߽ӹǮԲͷһ£Цû£ʤ˱ҳ£ϵǮҰȥֵҰ컹Ĳĺǡ 
Բ˵ȥһ°ɣģҽ첻ˮˡ 
˵û£Ҫľ͵Ǳгӡ֪Բݶԡ 
˵Żȴʷеߣˮ 
һæСˮСʣҪ 
ʷ˵ 
СڰǮʷ磬˵ʮˡ 
ʷ˵ͷ˵֪ 
Сָ˵߸磬ûǮˡ 
˵û˻ˮ 
С˵ղҾͿˣӮǮİǮˣȫңû˻صˡ 
˵һǻû 
˽ӿ˵ûϣеǡ 
߶С˵ˣǷŰɣͣ˵ 
Բ߸纮ͽȥˣʲôҲ벻ˣֻǮǰζ 
ǣʷֻһΣеһҲһΣмڶĳжķʱǡһСʱԲʱһˡһֱʲôƽʱԲԲɽˮҲۣĬĬظԲԲʱͻȻƽˣͣˣһ˹ȥʲôûˣ˷ˣôôšԲͳϽʣƤЩϣʰᱻЦġԲаţİ٣һڻϣ˵þû㷢ǮˣùԺûûл㷢Ǯá 
ӼԲһƶϴסĵطҪûˣ治֪Ժζɽ𣬱ԼƽʱŻڷԣһ£ǱԼ磬һծѹҪѹ壬ﻹҪǮ˵磬ҲӦãο㣬ǧ뿪㣬ɽڣûա 
Բһ¾ͽˮ˵ҲƲˡϽ͡Բ˵˵Ƶ£Ҫѹ˵һҪǮӲֻýšԲ˵ģһǮԴģʮ࣬ؼˣҹû˯˰ɣȥ˯ɣһһߣһ 
һᣬ˵磬Ҫͦסǣɩӿˣ㻹Ҫչ˺ɩӺǡ 
Բ˵߰ɣģҲģֻ뾲һ¡˵ţһ⳵Բֵסȥţˡ͸⳵ĺ󱳴ӿԲһ˵ӰڼžҹйƮ·ϣӰϳϳ̲ס޳ 
һжԲ˵ǴһŪˣ֪һУҪһΣصǰˣоԼǱѺڶĲϷת˼£еľ־ȫ˦ˣŰص˦˳֪ȥأ죬ôǷ˺öˮǮҲǼҶģǲˣٲ뿪Ҳܲˣ˻һֱ׺𣬾ǰһֱѱ׺һʮأôԼҲǣǲܴˣֻˣǵȥѽ һʱپ·ãûκ·ˣԴԼѺ֮ͷǳһ㣬ӣѵνɻغͶӺǣЩ˱Ƽʲô¸ɲغͶҲô˺ˣĻʲôãֻ߳ȥ˵ˡ 
ضڼҿӣЩʲôҲû߰ģҲû˯þˣ޾ĵǣǰȥҵԲԲ˵ȥӰģģͻؼҡһҲͼ֪ʧˣȥӰǿɲһĶǣֻҪһֳӾڶǡôǣҲͨˣ˾ɣĸˣͻᾲˣЩͣƽһܸû᳤ģǲ»صǰԭҲû뵽ôһûеģʧȥ˾ʧȥ˰ɣڻᣬһлԴͷ 
ܻһԲ绰ͻȻһϲӮǮˡ֪ԼοԼԽôԽÿãҪľǵȴĵصȴԲܻġ 
ԲˣһؾʲôˣԲ㲶԰ףһʹݸһˮԼ˵Բصݹˮ޿κΣûκλ˵أ߰ɣܴˣˡ 
ظ侲˵ѷӺͳ˰ɣЩΡ 
Բ˵Ҳ𲻵ˣߵ̫Զˡ 
صʣ˶١ 
Բ˵Ƿ˰ʮˮͻģ˾߲ȥˣȥǻͶӡ 
һҲ벻ôԶôңԭΪ˾ͰѶȫˣҲˣĳЩʲô֪һʹϮΪԼҲΪӣصδε˵ҵİô죬ҵİôǡ 
Բ˵ҶԲ㣬ڱҪģȱסͶӣģⱲҲˣȥ뿪µĵط̤̤ʵʵǮͶӣⱲǷ̫࣬лỹ㣬ǮٻТĸĸ𡣱˵߱ء 
Բ޵֪ˣο൱ǡ 
Ҫʲô˵ʲôʲôãӵһ֮󣬱㿪ʼʰ賿һ˱ϵĻ𳵣һǰǲСʯͷû뵽ôֵԼˡ˵һҪȥһˣ轻һ֪ģǶǮҵ˽Ǯ 
ԲľҵţҪ˵ʲôʲôܹóӵأһ档 
˹¥ſڣţȴһϤĳ˹ŵôסˡҲˣȴҹģ翸һҪԶŵΣͷеԲԲݴľ֪Ӧԣ߼ˣ˵ĶȥȵǶȥ˵żˣ߰ѳ˽ȥ 
Բ֪Ҳø߸һ߸ѽȻˣǻҲֻ˵ˣݸ˹ȥ 
ŽߵţԲͨһ¹ˣ˵߸磬· 
ߴһҲ֪⼸˲ǮôҲ벻Ūӣ˵˶١ 
Բ˵Ƿ˰ʮѽ㲻ң磬ҲŲҺǡ˵һˣ˵߸磬ˣһ˵Ҳˣ 
ݿȥ̬ӹײվһ仰˵ֻ£ǷôǷʮأҪߣЩˮ˾ƶҪǱƷ裬ȴԲµ߸磬ǼҸ㣬ҺܺãҼǵõֻٷһԲպַˣһġ 
ڲ̣˵߰ɡ 
Բһ仰Ҳ˵ˣ˵һڵϡ 
߽еߣҪҸı뷨 
Բվ߸һۣ߱ȥԲ˵߸磬ģǷһҶӶġ˵߲ǻæһԿ޵һȥˡ 
߳̾һû뵽ԼôĲֲô·ϻȥǡͻȻͶ롣 
40 
˵⼸ҲԲˣ˵϶Ƿˮˮ˾˶֪㵽Ķȥˡ 
˵ţ۵˾ʹˣܷԲڲڡ 
ܷ˵Ҳôûһ 
ۻţÿ俴һ飬䶼ûŹȻûˣܷͳ˵Բ𣬴ˡ 
ʣǲˡ 
˵ȫÿ䶼ұˣ绰ҲػһֱûˣҲڵ 
ܷʣء 
˵Ҳûҵ 
ܷﾪ̾ŸӣҲɡ 
ʣǷ˶ʡ 
˵õĶ壬ʮÿӶˮǿҲŸ˰ɡ 
ĬȻˣЦһ⵽ãһ֮ 
۱ͷͻջģְһˣǷζҪըˣ˵Ƕÿ˶Ǯȫ׷ҪԲյ̫ˣֽ̫ˣ۽ôˡ 
˵ҲøҽһǮûǮ˵ǮǮûǮ˵ɣˡ 
ëأԳߺܷ˵ˣѸϢǸ˵ҵԲ𣬴ˡ˵һﳤȥ 
˻Ȼ 
ұԲԲڴͻȻڴǰһ۵˳ԲĸԲյϴ棬Բûͼϵ 
ҲûκԲκϢ⹷ľ˼ˡڹ˾ˮܺ޵ҧгݣߵС̫ˣѴڿˣԺ󻹲ǮĶܣдҳʲôˮ˾ʲô⣬ǽˮ˾ɨأžʧôյ¶ҲǮҪˣˡ 
ͻȻһ£Է˵쿴ʷûС 
Ҳˣ˵ѽǰûˡ 
˵ˮͻˣЩˣҲк 
˵Եģ绰 
ó绰ȥȴǣĵ绰ػԺٲһ¾Ͳ˵ôػġ 
ûͨ˵ǲǳȥˡ 
ҡҡͷ˵ᣬ绰ûع 
Ҳˣ˵Եģûعǲ̫ˣŪľԱˡ 
˵ԸˡȴǲˣʵǶ˺öࡣ 
˵ʮĸǶء 
˵ʮϴõĻûַʮòʲô°ɣôôء 
ҲŪˣȴοģʷеǮԲôֳôǳЩʲô£ҽȥ˰ֿһ¡˵߻ͷֵܵ˰һˡ 
ֵܳȥһˡһĵϢ˰ʷֳɱˡ 
˶ˣˮûһûɵˮʷգʱˣĻأԲ»ûƽʷֳˣĻҪҪˮ˾รˮ˾ʲôม 
й˰־ֳʷձ˫ˣ֪ԼԶܽҪЩ⣬˲ӲĴȥ¥һˤȥһ˰ˣûٸҪϸˡ 
һʱ䣬гҰ𶯣ͷĩ⣬Ƕ̸¡ϴ˵ʷİٶ򣬲֪жٺˮǮ 
˵ʷ̫öˣԽԽԽԽ࣬ѣͬ£Ļţ¼Һˣ͵ȥġ 
˵˰ֻевɲǮʷգǱ˴֮以֪ 
˵ʷôĵӮЩǧ 
˵ʷô͵˰־ֳģȴˣ̫ˣҵǣ֯ϲ׼׷ᡣ 
߲ǣ̶̼ʱʧ˽ʮ򣬰ʮǮأӡҲӡ೤ʱǣôҲȲˣֻдˣڶҵȥһûù˸Ƿ겻 
ܷ鲻ԣǮֻ£;˵ɡ 
ҡҡͷ˵áϲ˰ǻֻܷա 
ߵĵ绰ˣܷĶˣӵ绰ǶĲĴɣǶô󣬳ֲá 
һĵ绰ʵ磬ʲô¡ 
˵ְ֣ҽϰ˵ʮֵĻ𳵣Ͳҡ 
˵ͣ˵ʮôְֱȥվô 
˵ðɡ 
˵㻹費Ҫʲô 
˵Ҫˣҡ 
˵ְһǺˣְæϼ˵ðɣټ˵˵绰תܷ˵ȥҸ㶫ɡ 
ܷʣʲô 
˵Ҳ֪ɣ㿴ʲôʾ͸ɡ 
ܷһֵܳˮԼϳȥˡ 
ܷ˰쳬УһѶܷæ˴кͶ߽ȥ 
һʱ䶼ߴһǮ˵ߣôǮôҵûġ 
߼ԼĴ󣬷ˣСʲô𣬸߷մζŸ߻رƴӮǰͷ꣬˧˺ĵΣεȷ⺨зûǮһ㶼ºͷģ˵ɶ 
γ߲ŤȻˣһ˵ڨǵ˵汳Ӵ 
ԱһЦ˵˵汳ԼȴԽԽ 
˵ҪôжĲӮҵǮһӮǮǵŪĲŰʧҵûˡ 
һ˵ǵʧ֪Ķȥˡ 
˱˵߶ţһ˳Էʱ䣬˶¥Էںųߣ˶ˣԳ˵˵รʱǶˣŪЩʲŶม 
ʣ˵ĸ 
˵ܶĵҲôˣǰʱԽ黶ˣԼģ߲ܵģǸС˵Ҳڴ󳡻ģҲУ㿴أԼݶԣݶԲǿôʧôңôǮȥӴѪһ¡ 
˵ǣҪȻôŪû´绰Է 
ó绰ȥԼ¹ԷһߺͷԼһжģʹֵܹˡ 
ߺͷԼҪɱˣҲû˼ٿӣ˵һҪ磬кڶѳԹڶѼϰ¸ɢȥ·˽СĲĴ 
СҲʶĶ󣬾ˬ˵ġ 
һļϣԼˮ˾ˮǮ˶ĲݶԣϴһҾϰ˵㣬 
˵֮ж˷ܺݼܷһֱһ˵ ʱȴ˵һζ߷ˣĺͻȻͲŲңˡˣʱҲˣתܷ˵һȥɡ 
߿ųܷһԲصģôˡ 
ܷߺԼĴѹԼȥӰߵҪ϶ĳɻȰҪġ𣬱Щ̲ס̾αŪô 
ЦģģֻҪͷģҾʹû˵ݶҵǿǶģôʧȥȥôˡ 
ܷթһ˵ģ˳ھ˵ˣʵҪŲʲôģɼмԼˣͷΪ֮һǰζһϯ֪߼˵ãʮ齫ƹĿͷ˴ҲûʲôɵĵģҪȥ˼ҵѪģҪǣôʧȥֲҲˡ 
˿˳վܷ˵ȥɣҾڳϵ㡣 
Ҳ˵ܷղ³ȥ 
ܷڳ˺ö˺ͳһĵεΣ˵һȥΣȵ۾Σû뵽ǸʱһǮߵôûȥĴƯ治֪˭ɻ˭ֻǶɻ˱˴ˡԺ˼ǧңͿ߳ˡ 
ϳ˵ֱԹҸôණ˵öòˡ˵߿˳ 
ܷﵭ˵ϲϲ 
˵ûЩʲôء 
ܷ˵㲻ȥѧУô 
˵Ҷ÷ 
Ｚˣʹˣʱһҽδ˵ҩܷҲ࣬ȴۿˣĪӿһ˿ңִǰĸӣȡһŵӣCD 
߸ܷ˵ȴϹźЦ۾ԼһҲ֪ʲô˵ˣȴܻڳңȴң㲻Ҫٴ˸·Щʼ޷˵ڣ˵ûаա 
˵ЩеұѬճˡ 
ܷЦžúǣĸõأ´ȥŸ 
ЦЦ˵һȥɡ 
ܷ㲻Сȥ 
˵һǸеô̹ڣܸҴõ 
ܷͷӦˡ 
41 
ڶߺͷ궼ûӣЩǮװȥܷһһٳʱ߽ңóһ֧ǹܷһʵǹǡ 
˵ѴԽϸҸģڵ˭ûһ֧ǹܷ棬Ҫ˿˳ָųߣæе𶯣ӵġ˵һѶ˹ܷˡȡӵ˵Ҫȥǹ߻ˡ 
ܷһ£ôǮǣ߰ǹǸ˵߰ɣǶˡ 
˹¥ȥ˳ܷ߰ǰǮԼλ棬ܷ˵ЩǮȷź֮󣬿˳ȥȥ 
꣬£С ˣŽ͸еɱء޲£Դضк󣬷Ŷ˽Լֵ¡߶ܷ˵㵽¥԰ȥ齫ɣһ绰ġ 
ܷ˵ˣҾ棬Ҹȥ㡣 
˹ţλ£굱˵һȫµ̨齫˲飬ϸ֮ó˿ҡһҡ֪١ʣʼ˵ʼ˵ŴǷ齫ȡʮͲӺۼ˵˭١ǫһ˵ߣɡҲĨʮ齫쳣ϴ֪߼˵ãǵõƣóһǮţôͣ⼸ˣ˶и˵˴ָ֮ƣҲ˵ôҾͲһˣĵʱԼҪţĳϲ׼ˣ׼ˣģˣżܼ¼ƣҲռϷ磬Ҫöĳɾ϶ĹҪʧأĴͶĴˡ 
ϴƣ缺עߴӣףĵˣҲרҪ˷ƣ԰ȥԼƣƣ˳ţСǨţºţ˵ƣǰϲȳ߱㣬Լĵ㣬˵ߵӮ˷׷׷Լĵûһϵ㣬һ͹ͨɱ߾Ϊ֮һǮơֵע 
˵һҲָעߴӣʮһǨЦǨð̡˵ߵƣȥβһգùһ󣬽еģ˯ûУ̵ˣ˵߰ԼһƶۼͲ˵Цһ¾࣬ƣСҲ㣬ֻжǰ˵ƣ߳Զһ 
ƣûŹͨ㣬年꣬ǰСʮ򣬶ʵ 
˵ͻ˵ű§Ǯ 
ȥ˸٣·ƣûһ𣬴˵˵·ƾͻׯǿ٣եעեٹ٣ûޣͿһֱׯ˶ʮû伱Ҳǫ飬˵եעоáСȥˡ 
ͨһ֮ԵĳãӮǮʱÿ˶״̬ˡ 
ȴ˵ܷҪ˷ſӣ￴ýȥ֪Ǳˣֹסһ˿˿ǲţæסԼȥǱߵ£ӦģǸʱڳ϶ģͻȻʯΪˣҪˣÿγΣ϶⡣Ǳôȥ롣ȴ̫԰ˣԭΪʯ˻飬Ӿȥˣģ䲻ȴҲʳǣÿضʯң˾ͺۣǴС齫˾ˣһжôݡ 
ǣжϲڵ㣬жջڹ㣬жڰ㣬жٷ·תʱϣ㡣ûͳͳ֪ûд㲻֪Ӯûߵͷ֪Լʲôˡ 
ģǣĳǰѼʮĶһҹ֮ա 
ܷԡ߳ϼСڿ٣˺һǮСҲԴ·ƴжʮ򣬼˺Ҳ٣˵ɱһ·ҪԾͳԸȻоõúܣǰӮ٣ǰǮɽһˣһʮˡе죬ҾͲŻĹ㣬Ǳ߶¼ˣҲ𡣳䣬Ҳιˣղſ⹴ĶûһݶԣһŹһݣȴֶֻ֣˼ǰСŶֵ֣˷ץӽеãɱ˾䣬֮˳˰ƣǰԻ֮Се˵ӮȰǮ˳ȴŶ˴֮ˣžذԼ˦˳еҪ·ˣǮǶҲеùҲǮǹͨɱСеáԼǰǮðʮҲɢɢѿǮˣ˵ʮɡ˳ǰɢǮŶ˸ʮ 
ǮװڰʣµǮȫᵽеֺãٵ֡ 
Ҳ伱ˣеӮˣ 
׼ҪĹŹһģڵϣ˳ţǨϣںϣֻҪӴĺþ͸ģķ֮һĻѽʱ򲻶Ļʱϼһٶʮ򣬷ʷʵˣҪݴԼϣһٶʮȫˣģһͽӮ˵ȫ³һã 
СŹҶ֣ǼģץӽеãŹأɱ˾˵Ӿ͹˳ȥ˵۾Źȥˣȴӹ෭䶨֮㣬˳ʮ˳ 
ƻûߵй˴ˣ֪ǸҸˣ̫ˣһٶʮȫˣȴ֪Լʲôʱƣ˵ӣһƵĶûˣˤʮʲôĶˣֻСӣκλˡ 
СûǷ꼺ݶԱȫվȥ§ϵǮֻСһݶԱ֪ݶˣҲˣĵˤԼƣȴۣƣ̾ģŹϻݶԣ༸ʮ꣬һӾͻصǰ˵ű߰˦ٿ£ȴ˵ƣ˶ؼǵøղӴʮ˳õģԳߵʮ£ȴǰһʮɽһǮƸȥ˵һ·Źݶһ·͸ˣжʮģȫϴס 
ӮǮЦǺǵ䵽ҪǮȴ˶ĻӣϽ졣 
߳ʧˣе˵١ 
СҪ߽Ҫ٣ֻóλ߼ȥˣͷǮȴڴûжǮˣ˵绰˻ܷԿ׵ݸ˵ѳϵǮ 
ܷԳȥ֮ûһˣСҲˣǰǮͷż߻˵ԼĸҿǻӹԿ״Ҵ¥ȥˡһǮ߽¡ܷû˼ֻһԲ˳ȥ 
˼ɣɳ߷ԼǲˣŲһСʱмʣ޼߼ɶ֣жޱֻģǮ˳Ҫһӣ˼Ҳˣͷ졣꣬ҲǮע֪һ򣬹ͨ⣬ⶼⲻˡ߰ǮƸ˷ȥ갲οˣ̰ɣġ˵űóһɢǮڳһ仰˵վߡ 
߹ȥܷ˵߰ɣˡ 
һĲҵĿͣûĻһȫΣٲݣ龰ܷİʹԸĿԸ赲ʱȴ˵ңҪΪһǸжúǣԸ⣬ĸԸΪһСܷӹŵĬĬظĺ档 
˽˵ݣ߸оԼҪˣҪж֧ţһ±סܷ̾ұʧһҹúһģû뵽ôãˡ 
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