ǰ 
һӰǰĿֱֱضѹűúܺõƬ㶳 
ͻȻ䣬һŵӰЦӯӯز˽ڿʱѵס 
㡭΢סЦݡ 
𣿡ϣûԤƬ 
⻰һᣬĵ̾ǣЩ񡣡 
𣿡ϣһĨ΢Цֱҵòã΢΢زȴصúܺá 
ں˵ʲôֻǡ 
δĻӣɴۣҪƿȴϣ§ס 
ϣԵصૣһ̧ͷģϣĲһĻʱѪҺֱ 
ҡϣ𲻹֣ϸϸذ󣬡ҪҲУֻ㱧ҡ 
𡭡סԭǰҲģغһţϡ 
⻰һﷴǽϣȥҲϣؿ̽ԲС㡣 
ϣ[ۣĵؿ 
ϣһİ£¶õӣҲûʲôǰϷͰѻͽɬСѨ 
ϣһѪɫʣҲֻǷһжѣҧסԼĴ꣬ʹй© 
𣿡۵ظҧ÷С죬漴ȥ֮ŷſԲϣֻ̫Ҫˣ˺þúþá 
૵صд˼֪⻰˵ԼǸе 
⻰ϣһˮ£ϻǾǿعµЦݣֻǰͷ¡ 
ģΪôġ 
ֻΪ 
ս۵÷׵ָԼߵص૵ 
ˮֻʹˡ 

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

֪Ҫϣ 
ũӸɱɳϣѾصϣһСʱˣΪܳԶӪͣһȺ˲ϧȫ̵һÿΣϾǴϵڣȫƾˮιӣ˭һ¿λص˹֮󣬶˵ؾͱϣ𵽷ȥˣһҲǵ 
𣿡ϣЦЦʣϹǳǳķۺ죬һҸ 
ˡüͷϣɱǽʳ쵽ڣǼҪˡص 
С˼ǴɰһĴѵĶӻҵĲ˼Ҷ˵ȻҪСι㶼֪Сɿڣô 
죡ϣһ 
һԵЦİɣڳûҸǿɿڵСԲøȨѧУﵹмһֵúúע⡣ 
⻰һЦݣŵΣյЦݶϣС㵹ǸļһҪעע⨕ģ 
ҽûءϣ_Թؿһۣ漴ȥˡ 
СɱΪϾûࡣƭӢ 
ķϻҲϣ󣬻ɻڿУĸεҡҡͷ 
ʲô۵ش̼Щ¼ҹˡũֹ 
ҲҲŲôȥҵθѾ˺üˡ 
еǹ֦ǵȻٶȷϣǽШιʳʱ˽˸飬ӵϾɹ۸ߡ 
ң㲻еֵֹ𣿡һֱûǻľͻȻ 
˵üһ 
ܾһ̫ͻȻˡ㵣ġ 
⻰ڳ˲òͬصͷϾһǰһͿ۵һ𣬶ﻹǼ۵Ц˵Ϣ 
ʲôϵڹúþͺáũɦɦͷ 
ܾáеΪѵؿˣҲһӻģ̾˿û£̫ˡ 
ֻܵԸˡ 

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

ϣ𡣡 
ڳйϣͻȻ˸סؿˣû뵽Ȼ̡ 
ʲô£΢üŨŨ⡣ 
˵һ𣿡 
⻰ŨŨĹġ 
ⲻ¡⻰ϣСһ䣬תҪߡ 
ߣǰסѵ֪ġ 
֣ŬҪ˦ 
ϣ㡭̬ȣͻȻѵ֪ˣ 
˵ʲôҲصһҪߡ 
ϣϻˡ 
仰ϣ𾪵ؿ㡢˵ʲô 
ϣģվ̾˿Ȼ֪ 
⣡˵Ҫˡ𣿡ϣŵصǵôģˣ˺üˣȻվԶһϯ֮أ 
ûУûϹ˫ۺ󣬾һֱ˵ǡѾˡ 
⻰ϣԭأ֮ŷſ̵֣ЦصˣǼˣ 
ȴʲô֪૵ʡ 
еһȴ֪ԼûΪ¸еȨ 
ϣ𣬳ڻÿʱϽ뿪ѵ˵Ļܵõģ֮Ի뷨̫ˣûϵģ 
˵ʲôҲϣסԼһ˿ϣǿԵﻹڵһȥء 
ϣ𣡡Ҫסϣ֣סǴı飬ȴϣ˦˿ 
ϣ漴ת뿪 
ͽĵ̾ʲôĵˣҲرϲϣֻǡ 
ϣǰһͬĴԶòˡ 

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

Ȼ֪֣ģҲ۾ԭλеЩ󣬵ȫ֪ˣԭˡ 
̾˿ڴرߣȻѾ춼ûˣľȴɺܺá 
ͻȻһֺһϽɻشϡ 
һĽŲ̤ķߡ 
𡭡 
͵͵ϣһҪۣȴû 
𡭡ҹõﲢû˵ʲôرĻֻһ֡ 
ÿһૣϣ;ݷһ飬ΪôͳôΡ 
ϣٿȻۣΪҲ֣ 
ô⣿Сϲȡ 
𣿡ｩסϵı飬㻹û˯ 
˯ˡϣЦЦص˵£㿪ŵҡϣЦĵҪҪ 
һ㶣ƿнӣⲻΪԭ򡣡ƿĿ⣬ҶϣҵĿ⡣ 
Ϊʲôʣ 
ֻǡһθе׾ȅȲ֪ôش 
ֻʲô˵ҲûϵֱҲСЦСָؿڣȻ˳ؿڻĸӲͦ 
𣡡ǺûжؼĿС֣ô 
⻰һͺˡ 
ϣһ˲ĽסЦЦջ֣̩Ȼô˻⣬ΪӶҪʲôңȥ 
ҲҪˡ仰תҪ뿪 
ϣȴûֻǾضıӰתŰѵһxǿʣ𣿡 
ʲôˣһһ١ 
ϷϣݷǺؿڣʼ磬νصΪʲô 
ϣ𡣡һ䣬ҲûʲôϷ㲻Ҫ˵ֻҶеʧ 
ʲôĻ𣿡ϣüһƺս͵ļޡ 
㵽ôˣҼǵǰģǰδĻڿϣµʱ˻ȥϢ 
˵꣬漴뿪 

㵽ôˣҼǵǰģǰ 

⻰ϵϣԺﻷơ 
ǰǰʲôӣں˽ﰮ 
ǿеǰ˭ 
ۿеˮ£֪᲻Ϊ˵ڵ˻Ϊ֪ﰮ˭ˣ 
һӣôᱻϷ˺ôܻⳡԵݵϷ֮С 
ֻû˯ۿ̫ɬˡ 
ֻΪۿ̫ɬ 
ҧסԼıѪˮ£ȴûκεʹС 

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

һ¡¡¡ 
Ѿûˡ 
ϣPUB棬ƾơ 
ıû̫įһ΢ЦﻷƵȴ顣 
︧ǳı飬Ǻֻı飬Ϊĵı飬ȵ¶ȽԼȫջ٣ԼһŶһԼ 
Ƭ޷԰ΣЩȴЩ顣 
΢ЦȴЩ޷Ŀƣƾһغȡ 
ϣô⣿Ϥϣһŵתͷǰˡ 
㡭ס 
Һõ֪ôֵطö˶ǿ㣬ǿɰҵ𣿡§סϣϣĶ૵ 
㡭ϣģе󣬵ȴͻеϲﻹġ֪Լ䣬Ը⿴ 
뿪𣿡§ϣֲصػУеС㡣 
ͻľٶϣһй©ֹPUBܴ󣬿ڹ 
õȴϲϣģûˡ 
ô¶ǵĻϣǺͲˣ֮ȫƾһɰģ֪Լ˵ڣȴ 
Ӷû취Ļʣʲôأʣһƶһ۵ 
С㻹ҪɰС̲סˡͷϣеС\ 
ҡ뿪ϣߺ죬Լѿܡ 
Ҿ֪СˡǺǵһЦ뿪ɫ 

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

š 
ڴϵ˶бذţи˿ϣؿ֮УĴ̼ԭȫתΪķۺ죬ˡ 
𣿡Ƶϣؿϴͷǻһ̻ϣ 
Щˮ΢ۣޱȿŵҡ 
֪ж𣿡̰ؿϣ𣬡Ҫһͻܲ˵ 
аϣĦϣӦĻһ㣬Ŷһ 
ɣǾˡЦЦ̽ϣĳ㣬ؽť 
ϣ[ۣ½һ˿ظţͻȻɫһ䣬æƿҲˡ 
㲻ϣһСסݺݵƿ´ǱԼ뿪·볤㣬߷޵صǰˡ 
ں˵ʲôҲ𣿡Цˣһϣ𣬻ߣǼδ¡ 
ֻϣθڷ˳ŭصƭˣķҲŲֶĵζ 
ӡеҼŵ㣬ŲĨ͵Ķζ 
⻰һҵɫҲûУֻԤЦ˳ƤصĲǣʲôϵ㲻Ҫǳȫ㣡ҿһ˼įúܣƤȡ㣬ӦþҲŶԡ 
ޣʲôܸȣŭؿеȭͷա 
ʲôոջúأ˼Ц 
㣡ɫࡣ 
˼ؿǰһΪʲô߹İ㡢ϲĻ¶ؿ尾 
㣡 
֪ʲôģ˼Цģ˭ʵڲôܹأ˵аЦ㣿 
⻰ϣսȭͷĿžǿˮָ׺ݺݵ֮УʹֹԼ⻰衣 
Ҹ㣬㣬ֺοһΣܸҪģҲҪģǺβأҿ֣ҿһ㶼ġ 
⻰ϣɫһƬ 

Խ֡ 

⻰ôôϤ⻰ｲĻ֪ˣԭǸûĵ˵ĸô֪µ˲ҪģΪ뱧ˣҲǿܡ 
Ҳһܸ߹ģոջЦЦ 
㣡ϣǰȥ˦ơ 
ҲֽסС֣Ҳһƣϣ 
ޣ㾴ƲԳԷƣݺݵذϣһȥֱҪ˺ϣ·ͻȻ䣬һҲϣ£ֻϴһ롣 
ϣʧصƿͷλأԼ죬ĬĬͷȥ 
һ뿪ùݣľģԼû뵽Լˮ 
죬һСﴩȴûע⣬ȵ˵ϵһ£Ǳصڵϣͷϥ䣬С 
Ϊʲôô޴֪ﲻҲ˵ûĲΪʲôɵɵĸ뿪ﱧһ˿ļ 
ͷԼһǱ·ˣˣ˵Ҳ˺ݺݵһ٣ľǱͱһ׻ʣʲô 
̧ͷǽµ顣 
տ쾹ȻҲѡʱ꣬ڳЦ 
ǣǰģ˵һĻ˵¡ 
ֻΪʲôΪʲôǱΪʲôҪص˸֪Լ 
¶ӰݷǱСӿܣĶζΪΪĲˣһɢص˿ڳࡢĵϣյˮζһ 
һ˶óĸ飬ȴӶ˽ԼĿɱ̾ĴʱȻһҲˣֻ߳ŭһƣ 
ͻȻ䣬ЦˣȴЦࡢЦòȻ 

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

ϣ㵽ܵȥˣϣŵũһźûû˵һҹϣ𣬵ڿǱģʱʱû㡢ôŪӣ 
ũɴ۾š 
ϣ¶ĨЦݣҡҡͷµصôˣʣ˾ͱͷߣͽԭء 
ޡһӣũڻع׷˽ȥ˸ѻ˵أѾСʱˣ˺ܺࡣͷÿɰˣҶò˵ 
˵һķϻũͣؿϣ𣬡ô˵ 
ϣûǻֻʧؿɳа˷ƵӰ 
һϾСɢޱȵĴ࣬ǳǳض¶ĨȻЦݣȻ۾񣬵׵ؾס˵Ŀ⣬ǡ 
Ŀ⡣ 
ԼȴһǱƣ 
ϣôŪӡڷϣĲԾĿ 
ϣеϣ𣿡֣ܸˣվС֣Ȼϣ𣬵ĿǴãҽϣһֱҪ㡣 
ϣЦ 
ȴһ㶼㣬ǵ 
ȴҪòʱһƬĺա 
ôȥֻ»ɣЦȅȵջ֣µǿЦҸջģ࣬һ·ġ 
šϵСЦˣɢһĨЦݣе㵣ĵؿϣ𣬿ϣ¥ȥҲȥ 

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

ˮͷϳ΢ů˱ӣҲϣԭѪɫӣγɷۺɫġ 
˿һոǳǲۿ 
һֱ֪ϵˣûۼǰƭԼԼĽϵûôƣﰮϵĻԼһɷ֡ 
ɼ֮ףǽϵ˸ƣƵֻİǰ˵ĵһо 
ҲΪԭŻ˵ôһˣǰǸ 
֪͵͵ؿȥĨᣬȴôҲĨ 
ͻȻһů§סһ 
ôˣﲻϣ΢סӡ 
ûû¡ϣͷҪĻȴͽ޹ 
ȴϣĻѻһѱȥذڴϣַȥ۾˫㷢૵صôˣ𣿡 
ϣӣ͵̾˿ȥˣôŪȫģ 
㲻Ҫңϣѹ 
ܲ㣿Ұ㰡ͳصǿϣգҲգֱտ˫壬Ŀϡ 
⻰ϣã桢𣿡 
Ȼʲôʱƭ㣿صֲϣµᣬȥȴû뵽ȴԽԽ࣬ȥϣӨˮ 
ϣΪͻסɰģȴŵذһ˿Ƶӣ̽ 
ϣЩ־ҪͻᣬҹǿµĻ䡣 
£ԹԵرۺòãغ 
̬ȣϣҲˣۣоϵİ 
šҡİãϣСҲӭһСźƻǴ˲ժõ塣 
ϣ𣿡ЦֲػϣеĴذ 
ĶЩֽգӣС 
Ϊʲô㲻Ǻ𣿡ЦЦûͣ¶ 
ǡ 
Ҫﵽ߳ʱһֵֵܳܳˣȴȻسǰŵʣ㡢ڸ飿 
ֵľȻϣҰһֻȥôˣûŸû뵽 
Ȼ֮ڸ飬ƾҲµĳ 
һе뷨;θڷڣйɶĸУŻŵ뿪 
ϣ 
һӰ̷ſеϣЩңæذ·ãҪ׷ȥ 
Ƚϣ㶵ؿŵģտۿûᣬֱҪ뿪ʱŻصҪȥҺ㡣 
۾ֱֱضҲġ 
⻰ͣ˽Ųȴûתֻ˼һϣ𡭡Ǹ 
仰뿪 
չȥıӰʧصҵؽ˳ȴôҲδص 
ҪҶҪôѿҪô̡Լͷϥ޵òɶ֣ȫģǱࡣ 
֪˶ãһķ紵΢΢ز̧ͷСսսޱԼӸסҪ˰ĲĨȥ 
ԼԼ´ʱȴȥ׷ˡʲô˼ 
룬ôȲһ㶼Ȳ 
ΪʲôҪһһظ 
 
Ĳ֪ˡ 
ֻǰһðˣҪӴ 
̸Ҹ桭 

ܵõģ֮Ի뷨̫ˣûϵģ 

֪ԼôҲȲϵģֻĲ֪ 
Լ˵ز˵زֵһˡ 

            

һĿڴϣտһƬãȻеŹֵƳһۣǾޣȴ̴ϧȥ 
ϣô⣿һ޳ץסǱ֣Ũü壬ԭ䵭ı飬شŹġ 
ϣ̧ͷһۣĨЦݣ̣ԭ㡣ЦȴݷҪĻİǶ÷ 
㡭̵ĵؿջǿȥһ俧ȹݡ 
Է仰󣬲ſϣ𣬡ʲô£ϣ𣿡 
ϣãõΪϣ㿪ʱ˵̣㵱ж 
̽סŵ԰ҵĹͷѪⶼ 
⻰ϣνЦˣϵĿȻȻصұ㰮ҪҪҿ԰ҵĹͷѪⶼˡ 
̵˿Ȼؿ 
ʱĺҪץˣȴƮ׷ӡ 
ϣ㵽ôˣʲô£ץסϣ𣬿ȴץһտһ겻֪ںδҡֻһ˲䣬һ룬ϣ¶ĨЦݣƽ졣 
û£ʲô¶û˦̵֣ĿžȻǸӣʹҪݳ磬ҲҪô˳ 
ϣ𣡡ҪץסúʸϣȴٿȻվ 
ллд΢΢һЦȻǲʲôϣһҵǸѪˡ 
仰ûгɵŲһͷ̹ǵ紵ҹˣԵΨһĳ· 

            

һ˿ȹݵţ;е㲻ԾԾԴǽߣ̧ͷˣֻ˶ƣҪȥ 
ϣЦʲôҲ£뿴ʲô 
˹ȥߵĴ͵ùڣ˿ţҪȥҲݵ̤˽ȥһȥһֻǹ 
ϵһȴķ粻 
ǶˣŷǳܼһЦؽ 
ص£һƽˣиס 
˿˹شЦ˴ 
ϣ֣Ϳ˰۾ץ˳ȫŽͣҡͷ 
ʲôܣϣüһʣ㾹ȻģΪҪץ 
ô׾Ϳҵ⡣ͿΪģҪץأ˵𣿡 
΢ʹȴûֳ̩ЦҲ֪ץһ˵ûκҪԵкô 
ΪչȫûҪԵӦŶԣĪ鱨󣿡 
ЦЦصȴŰѷĵĺݺݵֻһѪܣʹ޷˵ 
֪Ǻ𣿡ʡ 
֪߲ƣ߲ 
˿شЦ֮󣬶ץϵʹɫһȺ˾һϣ˺· 
أŭȴ޹ 
ʲô㡭ʧɫҪǰȴٿȻͣʵǰǹµǵͷϵǰѻǹ 
͹ԹǱ߿Ӱ𣿲ǾӾͰúõ 
ס֣ٿס죬ɴ۾ 
ֱӷϵ˽ܴ壬ϧϵ˽ܴʺһƬһƬȴ޺Ҳ޷ֻǷй 
Ĳпᱯĳ棬һʱ䣬һɶĸӿ 
ס֡ 
֪˶ãϣֻһһ껹ҪãϵСնž 
ͻȻ䣬һ˽Ϊ׵˲֪˵Щʲô˼䣬ڶЩʩ˵ˣҪˡ 
˵⻰ʹͷ˳ȥȺҲ漴ϿӣҲһ۾˳ȥ 
һʱ䣬ټĿռֻʣ¾ϼ΢΢ϣ 
顭ϡ֣Ҫϣȴһص 
۶Ҳġ 
顭ϡƵԼϲˣò׷ѾߣҪʱȥȴ¡ 
ϡϣõϢｹرϲɱ֮ͷմϵѪֽա 
𼱣صǿȥҽԺ 
ҼæȴǵûµϣʧȥǷ޷޵ʣΪʲôûΪʲô㡭 
黹侲һ㣬𡭡 
˵Ȱȫûȥץϣļһ֡һϣͷʣ֪ңôȣ޹ģ 
ûԤأһ԰ҡҡ׹ϣȻЦ˳૵˵áǡáǶá 
𣡡 
ߺ޵صס죬˵ 
ҶȥҽԺ 
˿ͷҲرϵؾ뿪 
ǵؿɵϣ𣬡㡭 
ϣû˵Ļֻ˵Ż֡ 

            

𡭡ҿԽ𣿡ţȴϣӦֱӿŽ 
ϣڴͷžݷû 
𡭡̾˿ߣϣͷصҾ»û뵽 
˿϶۾ؼõϻȽаȫУֻǡ 
޷ڿ˵ȥ 
ֻҲˡû뵽ȻϣѻȥĽöĴúչúþһֲ 
ϣ㲻Ҫ˵ˣֹϣԲС 
ϣҲ̲סӿرסþؿ޺ĺððܰһжʹҪʲô𡭡֪Ҳˡˡôô졭µҸô졭ҵ׸ȥܹ 
ϣ𣡡§ҧ˵ɣ⻰ȻܲпᣬڵĺҪ 
γԸ˵ĻǶôҪϣ֡ 
 
ϣֿЦġ 
ûѡء 
ΪԲ飬ȴ˵Լ 
⻰̲סز 
е 
ϵģĿʮ˵裬þ֣ͬȴ롭 
ﰮֿ࣬ɳ衭 

ԣǻãǻòһϣһ· 
þ\Ц 

վ 
⼸ѧᡣ 
һѧᣬѧᣬѧᡭ 
ʵܻпñòѧᡭ 

           

һж׼𣿡ҽԺͷ鲻ؿԼڲϵϡ 
ͷЩֵϰЦϣ£Щҽֻ뻻۽Ĥ㣬ʱܿǳɰʮСˣֻҪȥСʱСһġ 
⻰ЩŵЩɣֻץﲻš 
ѽ۽ĤֲһǲҪ̫С֣ϵĽšũֹ 
⻰΢΢üҲ֪ûʲôˣοҽٵܾòĸо󣬵ϣǱߣҲоˣӦòʲôӡ 
һһ֮£ǵߣиҽԺͨװļϣǵһһȫ¼˽ȥһߵĵĻϡ 
װŵĻһߣûôֻ֣һƬš 
һŵµ˹ϣܵĿ 
ȴûоһ˫Ӧտ۾Ļ䣬ֱżϴĻ濴 
һܰĳ档 
ĺǻϧִӲſһ룬һũ϶һĵġ 
֮ݷ˵ЦȫΪ磽Ǽŵϡ 
гȻйҪ 

ͻȻ䣬һʿݳš 
Ҫ۽Ĥʿ֪ǵڼȷˣϾ˾۽Ĥ´û˵ 
šϣĿĻƿ 
ǡСʿЩɡ 
ҷڣҽԺôչҽǲǶһҪʱҵܾ۽Ĥ𣿡̬ȵȻȴ 
ûͿأСʿǿ 
ûϵԺòˡЦĿʹֻ֪ 
͸ϵһףĻ˵ڣ԰ϣ˵԰ѪˣѾһõ֮Ψһʣܸǵġ 
ɡСʿ˵һλ˵ĻҲ޵Ϊһõ۽ĤҽԺġ 
ֻ̾˿˿ܣ㲻ʣļ˻أôû 
ϣ΢ǣ̧ͷŵĻǹϧϵЩˣ۾۾й©Ŀȴ̲ס΢΢ 
Уһֱҡ 
⻰Сʿú֣ʣȴۣҲֻñ죬ٷʡ 

֮˲ͬ˲


ģ1 
һ 
ţ˭Ҳû˵ձޱȳأһ˷ǱȽϲںеؿŴ졣 
㡭ڣȽϸߴ˿ˡ 
ʲôֱ˵һ㶼รС̣ѿͷתЦ˵ 
üһ壬ľ֮ڿڣ˵Ϸˣ 
Ц΢ɴЩЦݡ 
û뵽С̵Ϣͨô֪ˡ̬֮Ȼһʱƿԡ 
֮һԼ̽ʣ㲻ѹ 
ôϧѵõĲ 
ᡣ˿ڿȣƽ˵֮ĽƽûʲԲ˭ûд󳳴֣ҾĽܺá 
ϵĸֻһҾܺãѵûа벻ĸо 
ţһǰϳʱΪһȦȴһ䲻ں 
⻰鰵˰ƺԣȥֻһЦô֮ǰ飬ѾˣôС̼ǵôСһ֪ڴʲôรǲʵҲϲϵģŻǵô 
Ҵۣ鳶֪ǡٿȻס˿ڣԸ˵ȥ 
Сô˵ЦٻģȴŹɲô˵۾С˫ۻģСϧϣСĿİ׷ѣСҲĿ 
ˣ˵ȥƿĿ⣬ӲӣȻҲвҿһ졣 
֪Լû֪Щʲô 
ΪӦǰϰǣϵķ֣ȴݷƴѣΪϣϸ޷վһϯ֮أȴǰϣΪģҪԼеǵԶ̵ڡ 
ԲΪԿ 
֮ͻȻĳһ̾⡣ 
֪ϣ𣿡ʣŴϸ׷ɡ 
̳һᣬҡҡͷ 
ﵭЦ뿪λã֪ 
仰Ҳû̵ı飬£뿪 

           

ͷգֵıִһ¸¡ 
ڵˣ˰ɳŵӴĸѶϢԼ߶߶Щ޹أٰĵת˸̨ 
İܼ򵥣ЩļҾߣû⣬ֻƫƫǫ̇̄ڵĸŵĿˣͷ˶ȴɳţľһƬ̳εĺˮ 
һͷ˶ϵң£Сߵǰʣ˭ 
ҡһش¶˵ЦݣŰѣŸ򿪡 
ˡĨЦݡ 
Ӻ𣿡˵̣Щˮоͻأȴһÿ¶ݷõг̡ 
ӡϣ¶ǳǳЦݣӹƻȻᣬȥЩˮ 
Ҫֹ̻ȥϣСڳæµ 
ϣˮڿϣ¶ĨЦݡ 
㡭ʲôҪ˵ʡ 
һ㶣ȻЦû뵽㡣 
ǵȻɱСϹӵĵСЦ 
̶ϣһᣬʧϣðЦˣ֪һЦһЦ֮ʲôܾͬϣ˵ġ 
϶ҽԺЩԨԴпǱʻٵʱʵţæָһȻĿϣһǱߣѣֻҪ뿪 
ʱϣסֻ֪ϣ䡣 
ãϣ𲻽ʣ̣ 
Ϸˡ 
ԭάЦݵϣһ㶣֮ô찡 
֪ʡ 
ϣҡҡͷ£ôܲµ͸ 
㡭ѹ̽ 
ΪʲôҪѹϣʣָ˵ 
Ϊʲô㵱۽ĤϣϣϹúܺãϣһ𣿡 
𰸣ϣЦҪʲô 
ԭҲΪǹⲻϵģҲգʱֻüյǷǷѲҪ 
üһ壬˵ĻҾͲˣΪʲôҪ۽ĤûҪôã 
УҪݲ 
ϣ̾˿ҲǶãǶԼáͣ˰ΣȻҲһӿܰҿܸ۰ֻаַſ 
⻰ã˼ҡҡͷ̾˿ǲ֪ô룬˵һ˵֪ 
⻰ϣǺ򶨣ܿάƽ˵ûʲôԾģʲô鲻𣿡 
ϣ΢䣬ȴ֪Ц̵ַĳЦ 
֪ģֻҡվ΢΢ؿЦ£еȭͷȴǽա 
ûʲô±ʵпᣬôпᣬʵվǰǰѡϡ 
㡭˵Ķ϶Żķʽ˺Լķʽ 
ϣЦ 

޲ 
ֻԼ֪ 

           

һʮĸŮͷϵࡣ 
ϣԸŮ΢΢һЦûϵҿԡ 
ѽôôϴҵæҶ֪ôرأС 
һʿСС˶üۣɣֻϧλҪ޸Ů˻ŵſȥˣ 
޿κΣϣҲֻ 
ѵóߣоϵůǣڴûԾֻϧʲô飬ֻżСˣЩС¡ 
ϰߣСĹ԰һ˿ҶïʢĴߣڹ԰ϣǸСèҶɸϡ 

 

˼ǰ̵Ļ 
֪ںôϷ֣ѹģգ 
֪Ǹˣ¹µ±۾ϣԵ۾ģȻˣϻ˫۾Ҳò 
ֻûǻֿ 
ʹܾЩѾģһæȥ˽⣬ȴԶԶ 
ôĲʵʵʣݷ𡭡 
ӦǳƽֵСӳӦäӦǡ 
ͻȻһŲӦֲŸ̽ȥҪ֪ʲô£һͱ˴³Ͻ˳һ̱ǵҩˮζеһѣǰһ˹ȥ 





(2) 

ϣ𣬷ԼֶˣŤŤ֪Լ˸ýʵʵüͷŶݷ˵ 
үˡһİ 
һӯĽŲ֪ǰ 
ϣ𣬺þòˣҲӦô˵ڿˡŨŨЦ⣬ȴЩķ̡ 
ϣϡǵá 
һԾʣϣ 
û뵽㻹ǵҡ 
ϣоǰͷֵֻһֱڲ㳤ʲôӣʹǿƬҲһ׼ȷûпϸײ 
ϣãҡҡͷʣҲ֪Ǻ⡣ 
һŵ˶˵ʲôô 
Ƕ˵ȵģ𣿡ϵЦϴȥǲò 
ԭҪ̸¡ϣЦ 
˵ô죿ɱң΢΢һЦݷڶ⡣ 
⻰ͣû˵úʱȻ֪㲻ȡ 
ϣס㡭 
󣬵ȴûͷûβز˾仰뿪֪𣿡 
ͷϽȥ˵ã˴ǻ 
㵽ǡ 
Ȼҹһ㶼м㡣侲صĿֱǰ˶ͻȻȴƵسǰȥץϣļ硣 
ΪʩҵҪ磡㺦Һÿ㣡 
ͻ״ϣĲ֪룬ʲô 
ҡԹԵ¶ۣЦĻš 
㡢㵽ôϣ΢΢زʹҪϰŵϵȴͬͷӰġ 
ϣ𣬸飬ɲ߹ĥּ֣ѪֻµȻ̵˻ø񡣡ǳǳЦȴķq 
ϣôſңſңϣĥƤ⣬ʹȴһҲûģֻʣĪֻš 
㽨㲻ϧɷµҡҡͷһԵŵʹɫȲسȥ 
һᣬϣ·˺䣬ŷӦʲô״ϣ𣬷ĴŤ 

ֱӷ˽ܴ壬ϧ˽ܴʺһƬһƬ 

ϱǿһһ֣һ㶼Զ 
ü 
üĻпѪȣ˳̰㣬ްİ 
ӰԼ 
Լ 

ӿп̲ѪʲôǵõůĻ 


Ϊʲôôʣָϡ 
ҪҲ£ϣҵĻũҲΧ 
ҪɱңϵЦϴʱûŽָ 
Ҹɡ 
˽ϣһʹ 
ûɣҸˣϺЦҺ 
סȭͷߵϣԣһѱ 
㲻𣿡ϵĿƽ 
ĽŲͣ˰Σȴǰ 
мҸ˵ 
ֹס˽ŲΪңԶñС 
ллҹȻ粻Ҫġ 
ǿԼҪЦҪЦſﱧϣ뿪ıӰ 
ֱȺ˶ʧˣˮ 
﷢ľȥϣԼﲻòΪ¡ 
ܸǸһԵľ񡭡 
ǱƵﲻò 

           

ྲҽԺϵ˶ضָȻգգۣǰһƬڣʲôҲɵþȴĳϵĵס 
ʹֱȥȴ˸ֹסһůĴ 
ϣСĵ㣬˾ͱҶġ 
ЩΣǱΪСʱ۶գֱϣ𿴵ļ٣˭֪ϣһͶģŵֹͣ 
һжֻǳߵͬҲۣΧ 
ϣҮˣ 
⻰ǵϣЦũҶû㲻ôظ 
ôũëʹûиĹ 
𣡡ָֻʹ𣿡 
ʹˣҩ֮ġ¶һĨЦݣҽԺ 
ζϤ 
ǣˣǸϽ͹ҿ赭д 
Ǽڿϣ³ǿѪʱǶôţҽ˵ϣֻһʱᣬֹڼŻҪȻڿ˺ϣĻᷢ衣 
ѹζϤϣü˵Ҳϲ 
Уͬ 
ϣ˿ڳҲ֪粻Ǻܸɴط 
𡭡Ŀ⽻ӣҸ𿪿ڣ۾ 
ҵ۾ȷˣӦҲ֪Ҫôࡣϣ𾲾ش 
ΪʲôǲʣҲôԭ𣿡ǿѹסԼǲҵ˵ǻ˺㣿ҵĴ 
ϣ𾪵֣ĵطһ̽˾֣ԲҲô˵ĴĲǣԼ 
Ļû˵꣬ͱǿ§뻳С 
۾㣬ʲôԸ㣬ҡ 
̵ݷϣֱۣսս֣žҲҪ۾ֻҪٿˣ㿴еһôܹǻޣ 
𡭡ǿ޲ˣǿ⻰˵ֱӣҶóڿޡ 
⻰ϣס 
 
ҲǰɡΪʲôǵһ 
˵óֻҪƨɡ̾˿λΡ 
ҪҲõֺðɣϣ𵭵Ц 
Цݣ˭ҲЦһʱ䣬ݷᡣ 
úϣʣҿ˯һ𣿡 
˵ȻûطɻȥϢ 
ϣƽת˱ŴڡҲ˵ߡ 

           

̫ãҲ߲ˣÿιתܣһӵ̫ãЩŵʵװҶ㻹жҪжʹ֪ 

㲥ĸȴ 
ϣһڲϣݸˣȻʲôûУֻʹĸ֪衭 
˼ãе˹㲥صûʲôҪ˵ 
ڲ죬˵Ҳ졣 
ɻشȷһľĬ 
ûʲôҪ˵һΡ 
ݷ쳤ؾãи 
ûСƽƽ 
ûУϣ΢΢ؿЦΪôĿ࣬һûУûеĻȥҲټ㣡 
Ȼ֪ 
𡭡Ųߣ㻻ңʲô£ 
ʲô˵˵ҵĵ£ϣôȴָΰס 
С֡ 
ҲŲҪСģ֣ϣҧסʹֻԭѼ˰Ѫ 
ϣ𣡡ﱻƼˣֻô󺰣ã˵ҪصߣҪңҪ㿴ңһǧĶԲһǧΣҸһǧԸҪ˵ʲôֻʲô 
ϣ¼֣˵ûҲӦñ˵ЦƵᣬǣȴ¡ 
ҲҪΪԼֻЩҪ㣬ܼһЩʹࡣ̾˿Ų 
ӲҰ㣬һûѧᣬĵҰ㣬֪ûǣôǰ˵ػһʱӦ֪ϳ£˺ɵ֮Ĳܡ 
˿ұҲѾˣƫƫ۽ĤϵϢѣҸû˼ϵϣֻҪȥҵ˺˺㡭ǸЦʳ 
֪ңֻҪ֪һ£Ҹôܼ㣬һ۽ĤľܹһЩͷһ˵ļ 
⻰ϣۿȴôҲ 

վǲ 
ϣͷ̾ 

̧ͷЦŶµ˵ôȵҳԺһġ 
ЦһҹеĻƮޡ 

           

ϣ㡭һֹϣҽԺ˹һЩһҵ¡ 
ô˵ءټĲ֪οڡ 
ңʲôֱ˵ɡϣΣ̾صš 
̾˿Ȼ˵˵Ҫҡмҵ˵ǰǼĿʱݵüΣ˶˵Ϊϣ֪Ϊ㡭 
ЩɣǾһг 
ﲻ˵Щһǵø㣬ǰϳԺ֪۽ĤģధþһеķֻϣﲻҪȥ㣬ֻҪ߾ͺáϣ뿪һ㣬Ҫ·ꡭ 
ң˵Ҷ⣬ЩҪĴ𰸣ֻϣﶮһ¡ϣ𵭵Цվ 
ʲô£ҲʣЩ 
ϣȴҡҡͷһؼҰɣһ 

           

һصң֪Ѿסĵطˡ 
ЦЦطϤߵԼķ䣬ҲŽȥ 
㡭ؿϣĴҪڴϵľٶ 
šЦҲԵؽ¡ 
Ĭһӣϣ𿪿ˣ˵ûǺ㡣 
Ƶڿյķ죬һֵýѣʹȴܡ 
Һμ̤ҵϣûкúðң֪ȴûң֪˵Ѿȴ˵ڣ㡭ǧǧĺ㣬ûһ˿㡣ص˵ڵĻƼ档 
Ҹôҵʹ࡭˺þãֻһ취 
ʲô취ʡ 
ϣǳǳһЦһƣĴԱߵĳǹ 
һЦа˵Ļȴ𺳡 
ñЦʣ 
ܼ򵥣ȴϣҵһ룬ҾܹһĺޣһԼԼһһԼϡ 
Ը⣬ֻҪôûеڶ仰ֱϣ𿴡 
ϣʣһǹţȻϵǰǹָԼѿڣԼǰǹǵԴ 
һʱһǹϣƽصͺֻһϷ 
ܼ΢ЦͿǹ澯̽Ϸ 
ǰֻҺʹǵҪ׼һ㣬ϵǹǵԴҾƫġһ΢Ц 
Цţȴǿš 
ģҵļҲ˵ͬʱȴĵذǹ˺ü֡ 
⻰ϣһЦݣȻ󾲾Цݵлȡ֮ѸۿۻضԲҿ޵óҲҾܹԭ㣬ѡĽ֡ 
ֿЦġ 
սսظѲ㡭 

㶮ҲҾͻԭ㡭 
ԭͷβĲ˽⡣ 

Һ㣿 
ʵܼ򵥡 
ǸǵһʶʹӲĴ𰸡 


ûϵɡ˵С̨ҲҾܷСҲ뿪ң˭Ҳ㡣 
ϣ΢΢һЦ촽 

һ  

ȷϣ°һxǣҲ˰ 
һxǼ䣬ǹ졣 
˫۽գϣصϡ 
Ѫ 












ֱһƣսսѪ 

ǰǹûӵ 

ͷٵشԺ 
ŵرѪϣ𣬵´뿪Է;Ѫص䣬ϣӦһ޳ڵйǲţÿһκ죬ϵͲʧ 
Ƶܵĵ绰ҽԺĺ룬ͨ󽻴Ȼһ˦ػҵرϣ 

ôҡ 
Ը⣿ 

ţȻûѪѪݷѾƤı˺ݺݵһš 
ʹȴϣܵİʹ 
ֻǣôΪʲôɱ 
ͻȻ䣬һ۵СֽŴϣһֻɿ̯һȫ΢΢ط 
ֻȵдţ 

ΪҰ㡣 

ãֻܽرϣʹޡ 



ģ3 
Ȼǰ˿ӵѪҲò٣ΪܿҪּʱؽӵȡ˳ϣ״ʵѣҲӼӻƵִͨͨƵ˹Լķڣˣȴû˵һ仰ݷ𲻴ڡ 
˿ʹǹȴʲôҲˣֻϣ 
ǳظԣҲûǿҪϣ𿪿˵ 
գƽ磬˹ݵ˸æԼ£ϣ𾲾бϣߴ㲥ּDJ.ͳɤţڿ飬һ鳣ͣͬһҳĿʧؿϣ 
عΪһҲӦƽĹȥʱϣͻȻؿ˿ڣɳƾͲ˵ɤš 
Ϊʲô 
⻰ͣ±Ҫֱ֣ǳ˵Ϊ㶮 
ϣ룬˵֪ǰǹûӵ 
ҡҡͷ¶ΪɼǳЦ֪ⲻܡ 
ܰϣ̾Ȼ֪֪Ϊݵú 
һҧĵ˵֪ʱϣɱҡ 
֪ϣ԰׵ףҶ֪ 
֪ϣЦʲô 
ɵ˶ֻðҡ˵޹ңֻǱ΢ܰңشûжΪҴӲô̤ءô򵥵ʵҡ 
⻰ѵϣĬͻȻЦ㶮ˡ 
Ҷ𣿡˵ŴӲİ 
𣿡ϣҲԼ⣬úͷ̾һ 
۾ȻǷȵԴͷУɽ࣬ۻҲֻ֪֪°һxǣһͷ 
з᲻ãҪһǻһֻܰ㡣 
𡭡ͷһص֣һۣǽ§΢΢ 
𡭡Ĵϣ۱ߵૣ㲻˵һֱȥһ˱ѩصı 
ͳɤľ봫£ϣһһ㵭죬ͼ򾲵صͷǰ˵ 
ȥߵ㣬§㣬ֱǸʱԭң𣿡 
⻰ϣ۵һˮֲ 
ֺ֪ж 
ûϵҰ㿴ҸǰеһУеΪеķ򡭡ܵĵäȮ 
ݵĻϣˮۿתǿҧŴԸʱǿЦ˵û뵽ôûԵȻиܳ 
һЦһ㶼Կϣ֪ϣǴӦˡ 
˿ҪԼ¡ϣ𴽱һĨĵЦ⣬ʲôҿɲϲ޽ 
ɴۣȻϣĻָ̬ȵȻҲʲôשԼĽζˡ 
죬ɧ͵ЦϣŬҪΪԼҸȡ 
ȻؿĻˣ¶ĵЦݣ뿪 

           

ʵӰ̤ȽؽŲ¥ڿűֽľȻط±ֽһº͵Ŀʣң𻹺𣿡 
ʻϹ̴ߵЦ⣬ѻ˵ޣĳСڸȡȨ 
СףһŷˮũĹܹϣڳݲع죬ʱôжԵ 
⻰Ŀ˿漴ȴܲ˵ضũ۵ 
˵⻰ʲô˼ҡũȴʾŭ漴װ⡢ģŭŵĿ 
ΪʲôֻΪոջĹܹϣΪŭһԵԴյϡ 
Ȼôеϧ⻰˵ڡ 
ԡũҪɱ㣡ֲʪҰõĹܹϣɫɱһũкȥ 
Ϊ㰡һһס㣬ũɲǳصģ 
ſũ桹Ѫȣ¶ǳǳЦ 
ˣͻȻ˻۵״Ȼ 
˵Ϊǰ̶Ц˵Ϊϣеģ⼸˹û˸Ҵ»ѵǳ 
ǷˣγǣЦǺܰģǲɵģʹ򿭳侲ˣǸһ϶Ĳ¡ 
ǰյʱϣоȻôһӲ֪ҪôŹꡣƵ˵۵һĨ֪ٵ 
˿ܲľȴöҵļ磬ǰ棬ʲôӵù 
ϣ飬е˿ںһԿǵңֺγǣ 
ÿÿܿҰԼû֪ΪֹϵԹޣƫƫȴǰں޲صáСĵˣһֱѰϣϣ֧ 
ֻǣֻԼΪصúܺãóұؿеƮҡϣʱǲסȫѲй¶˵Ĳ 
֮ңڹúܺãԷʹ˯ϾˡΪԼⷬĻʱֵ 
Ϊ⻰ã¶Ц⣬Ƥ˵ǰ⻰øڸС׹úܺá 
Ц⣬ҵļҪҪĿ˭Ӯ 
עǡ 
µĻʳѣ˵˸ӵ 
㾹Ȼģˣ 
״˹Ȼ˹ͷһŷҡ
