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ഺ һ   
һ ײĳ(1)   
ǰֳӣǾȻ˵Ǹ˵ǸҰѾͷУô˵ҶУǲ裡ǰһָ˳Ӣ˵ҪǲǸҾͲˣ 
1 
ۣƯ 
Ӣѧ̻Ի͵üֱ񻰣ͯĹҪһѧУҿ￴⿴Ͽ¿ſȥźû򣬲ܷ֮ܶ޲öֻ۾ӱЩŷʽĽȪʹܡµĺˡĻ԰һУڽж֣еؾǰҪΪһѧУѧˣ 
һ˶ʶѧУãҲûҲǵģżˣҪתѧתһѧУ 
òײ߹ڿΣֱƳëˡ 
ӢѧŮֹţһǴСܹϸʿŮ˵ģʱһ·ʱĿбӣǸ˵ʱһ΢Цضֻ۾м䣬ͲĲɣҲбעӵľȸУΪȫδʿŮԽڵһͬѧǶĵȫûбֳκκȤЩСʿСŮӦѪģҪǹˣ֪һصһССĳںϣκ΢СνĹѧУÿ˶ߣҲֻ֣һдšʿһдšŮøûˣһУ԰ʱʧȥ˹ʡ 
ûĸоһֱϵĽڿΡ 
ѧΣͷɥλϣѧΣʮӵĿ̼ʼˣ 
ʱ 
룬룬롭 
һнĽŲǵѧοʼˡ 
ᣬУöĴԡ 
͵شλ̧ͷ 
ϵۣ 
һ˧վڽ̨ϣᣬ׳£ЩͨͨƷϻ¸ɾϢ볤ͷɫģƮɢš۾Ц⣬˵һһгǿʵıӣ촽޶ἵʡ 
̫ˣˡ 
ȫͬѧ׷ʦʺ򣬿ǽɵһλ϶˧翴찡ϻô˧ˣѧ 
ͬѧ 
͵˹ʦĿº͵ϣͬѧҲڲؿ 
⣬ʧ̬ˣŻŵվﲻסֹ˲һհɣ˰ɻҲҪҪǣ˧ǧҪɻա 
ĽͬѧɡǴţһѧʦ 
ʦôᣬôܣ 
šţĬ飬֣ 
˵еһ鷢ˣһֱЦЩ˵Լĳĳ˧һŮӣڡͣʹסؿڣҪǺһĳţŷɹȥܸ   
һ ײĳ(2)   
°ɡǸ 
һγѣܣѾˣֻʣһ˰׳һվţְؿϣֱ㶵ضʦ 
ˣաѾˡ 
Ǻ˾һ 
Ӵˣһ췭ظı仯ҪʼˣӴˣҪѧˣ 
ΪӸղĳһӿʼѾϳ˧ѧʦˡ 
ȫⶼӿ˽õζ 
һѧξڴʦ촽߷ɿˣɽϾֻ촽Ưı³ȿμƮѧУĸҪ 
¿εʱ򣬽ͻȻѹŴĲ߳ңŷӦһڿμֱֻмӣǾͶյĸоɣʱѽǴҴң̫Ҵˡ 
˧ɣ 
һڽĶ 
һСԲѾͷգ۾ⲻǰϲ 
ˮСԲŽǣ 
ôɡæ˲ǣʲôҲûУϵˡ 
ѾͷסЦղɫԵӱһգ 
ԭǸѽٺٵЦ 
ѾͷҲٺٵЦ˭ֶ˧粻գ㣬ѧУŮȫǻգֻǴϰˣŮ 
Ůˡ 
ҲŲҪʲôŮأҪҰҺޡŮˣ 
ٺ٣ŮˣȤؿϲۣϲѾͷ 
ȻŮˣԺ֤㿴ϲ۽˵ 
Ǹϲ۵Ѿͷһ𵽲緹ϲһ߳һ߸߽ӢѧĹ£ʲôУʲôӣʲô˧ʦŮʦ˭˭˭׷˭˭ؾܾˣ˭ҪѾͷĿڲŲʲô¶˵ûɫģˡû뵽ŻĹѧУôȤĹ¡ 
Ȥʱ򣬲˺Ȼʲôһ㣬Ŀ׷Ͷ⡣ 
Ҳ˳ŴҵĿ⿴ȥ 
ǲǽϲһͰ͵ȥ˸Ӹߵ۾ڵȳʲôÿģջĿ⡣ 
֮ףϲۼ 
ʲôΪԼˣӣ֮ףûУ÷ǷֶǿŮǷôǸ߹ӣ 
ǵӢѧ³ӣϼŵļ̳ӼҶүϲ۾һգգؿԲԽ 
Ŷ³ӣѹܳΪӢӡͷһֻϺϸذϺǡ 
찡ȻҲòͣԱһֺŮ 
ģһмǳǳӵŮҲ 
һʱ䣬Ȼе߶ſڣЩ˻شλվ 
ֻнԹԵسķ 
̬شſ߽ļϣͷŹ⣬ֳ͸ɫʹǴͯ߳ӡ   
һ ײĳ(3)   
̫˧ˣҺȻãȫ˽ߵһŮ˵ 
ˣȫ⣡ԼӶһļƤ 
ǣǸղŵһμţҲйĸо 
ϲ½ǣ˵ڳ߿أ˵꣬ϲ۵ϵı飬ϻӶʣͿΪĵЦݡ 
̧ͷĿ⣬ֻĿһζЦ⡣ 
ʲô˲ģװǻƣһͷļ嵰ǸЦʲô˼˷ѧԼɡ 
ֲֲԼϡͿشӦ˲μľֲ 
2 
ѧһ죬һǹܾС¹һλϴܳſڣѧУȫȥͻȻǸǸʲôֲһǸֲģƭȥһô죿СЦôаϲۻ˵֮أӵģ˭֪ʲô⣬룬Լزģ¿廹죬һûô͵ڴſڣҺβӹ˵ˣ汿Ҳʱͬѧйؾֲ£ʰɣԺپô 
ȣܳţͷ٣һҲûУȫУѧĶû졣ػͷѧУ˸һתײһ˵Ļ 
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Ҫһ̧ͷסˣⲻӼҶүӢϯаа΢Цſӿɶˣаӵӣ 
ϵŵĨ͡Цġ 
˭˵ҽŵĨˡ㿴ûͣţǰ˻Ρ 
ҿˣȫ͡ 
㣬ȲңΪҲȥĴ۾ͣתš 
Ǿ߰ɡȥ 
ҿһ£زģŲʿԼˮоȳû취ֻĥĥظȥ 
ŨŨ͸ͶϣĹ⣬ͷ΢ţڽǰƮţһӯ˴ʮףȻһѧУſСһɫţһӣдšഺֲʺʺģۺҵӡ̨ףͷŽ 
ԭһֲСӵûƭңʲôҲ̨̤ס 
һ֣ƿŵĲš 
ӭ³Աֲ 
Ȼһͨɤźкѽһһ۾̷ֱѽǰλ˧ߣϴֵЦݣֻ۾һӰضϡʲôֱֲǰᣡ⵹е˼ҪǸĻɱʲôֲöֱ࣬ͦӣƵؿ˧ǡֲܴмһųԲλмһ費֪ɫֲڳ̴ľһģҶ̵üֱҪΪһ̲ˮȥΧ˾طһȦƤӣеô¡޴ĳһһһ׵ƷȫӢGRAYSģлȰ塢׺׳ݣͷЩƷȫǵɫġһ£ɫģֻԱǳɫġ񣬿ͦһµģǲ֪Щʲôġ   
һ ײĳ(4)   
ѽˣһŮһһ˫۾ߴ 
ѽѽڴӴҲŽ 
ֲһſ磻ϣʡֵܣһԶͣŮһǾֲĴֲԱָλ˧һһ򽪰ܡͷܳüëŨѹۿˣе䣬ȷʵһܿӣֻ˽һۣƿĿ⣻;ǸĴ۾ЦŽǶս˫ֲ̥˭˭һ˫Ƥܸɾˬӣ´Ž 
ѽ˧ļһɡ֪ǽϣʻǽ˵ 
Ŷˣתͷˣʲô֣ 
˾һת¶˼ı飬ɣˣֶ֪ǾֲòǴӽϴİɡ 
Ǿֲʲô˲ģһüͷһ壬Ӿߡ 
ιʲôס֡ 
Ϊѽ˦֣ץýû˦ûسǼµ 
Ķ˵٣ҵֱ 
㶣ѽôˣˣͼɡͣҵͷǿ˵ҽнҶա 
һӣֱ㶵ؿŽǸѾͷ 
һۣ㻹ҵָʲô 
һɿ 
ԭ֪ŮҸղŻأΪʲôҪһŮǣ֣˵ʵҪһŮأԺȥҰ͵ʱ˳ˣ٣ӭͬѧʽֲ 
ʲôԭǾֲгءãȸǣС㲻ѽ 
ع߷ߵ˵дǸѾͷΪʲôУô̵ͷ 
̷Ҫ׼ѽһۣ˵Ҳתѧģʦ˵ֻʣ·ˣȴ죬ѧڲŻµŮУѧУﴩֵֹģҾʹˡ˭ô 
˭˵Ҳ֪ǸѾͷߺߣСѾͷͿǸðƻˣǸӣðءҼװ֪Сӣ뿴ϲϵû뵽㻹ϵˡģ΢΢Ƥ¶һŪӡ 
Ҫӣˡ 
̫ˣǾֲԺŮˣһ˧˧Ů֪ǽϣʻǽ˵ 
ֿұǸһģһ۶˻Ƿֲ˭˭ָ˵Уûһ㲻һĵط˭Ǹ˭ǵܵѽ 
һЦе㻵ģǵȻвһĵطˣܸ㿴 
ΪʲôԲ۾ 
ұߵǸЦҲе㻵ģ˵Ϊʲô 
ƫҪҧ´ 
ҹЦĪؿǣһҲЦǶëѽ   
һ ײĳ(5)   
ûЦָŽһۣɵѾͷ 
ΪʲôСഺˡڿࡣ 
Ϊĸ˼͵ڼഺĳڿǻˡ 
Ϊ㲻˵ءԭ㲻ưءһֻ۾ų˸˵һ仰˵ˣڿʼˡ 
ˣôǲģͺգ۾ 
ǵŮ˹˻䡭 
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УһҶһƿС׻ıӣȻߵǰһѴӲֱ৵˺˻һӿӣ糿ζһЩζôõ糿᲻ƽʱһأ糿Ӧ鷢ɡ 
ŸһС׻˯ȹڴϣӺһֻСèһֻ˯Сè΢΢ͷֻ¶һͷ߰Ķ̷ͷ·è΢ĺڱϣС׻˯ȹĽСһǳıζ 
֪ǹֹⷢģҧű촽һŮҽѾʮˣ㲻Ϊ˽𴲶ϰɡ 
۾ĨĨǣغһĿһᣬҲ˸ҧгݵı飬˵飡ʮ㶼û˯һþ㲻Һܿñ㻹ϰɣװͼʱָյؽ֡ 
ѾͷŽıӣ˯ԺݺŮЦְ 
裬㿴һһƯˣ°ȥҪһѽűӣͷƹ 
죡ߵˣϣȥкˡʮӺ㻹¥СӴӳȥ˵ţһݺݵı顣ʧܣûжݺݣ˵ģеɰĽؿ裬ԾһƯŮˣƤܰףǳ࣬дʸУƷĹ˵ģƤֻжʮ꣬һ˫Ĵ۾΢΢бϸᷢ΢΢Щһֻè۾ͦΣ촽С൱ĳγһĻȣһϸɻƿŵľŮˣһˣһŮ¾Ȼû̫ĺۼ 
ɷнµ̾һ 
ѾͷôˣѾתҪ߳ĽŮ̾عͷʡ 
飬ҪǳôƯͺˡ̾һװһʹı飬ȴ΢΢Ц⡣ 
ţһѾˣڶѾƯˡƯȥΣˣ˵ţ߳⡣ 
Ӱʧ⣬һ¥ƾɵľͷ¥ݣǴòˣ±ĴƵģһ̤ȥͿŵ졣һӵ㶣һֻèһݵ´ֻһΣʹڵӸǰžŮҵĶ̷СɫƤԲཱུ촽˯ɣɺ޵ǣزôûһ㶯ģôҲܽŮŮӦǽͦŸ߸ߵظɡеʧؿԼѵҲģôôصغһͻȻеһ˿ˣһ   
һ ײĳ(6)   
һ˫˵е͸ۣܹ͸컨壬¥ϵĽûжѾͷڷԺѽ 
ǣæҵػУ׳ӣͷǰľͷͲ֪ӵȥˡ˧žӣͷԼ±ûƯͦ˧ѽҸ˵ûбҸ˧Ůˣץͷ࣬Ѹղ˳һͷˡһⷴ۾ۣٺ٣װ⣬ͼʰɡ 
ʮӺ󣬵¥µĽ鲻֪˶ٴΣ¥һСſڡ 
æһĸŮվڱȿ͸ġһȾĳǰŵġСɾµϵѡѡǲ¶һ֡ 
裬ҪǸĹ 
áĸ׶ԽЦЦ鷳һ 
ҲҪĹˡֺŮϸı⣬ҪǸһССɡɡСܡ 
áĸ׺ģһ˿ǸЦ㡭 
Ҫкĺ㳦ǸŮǳϲһЩѧļݴʣΪ˵ע⣬ʹصʹЩʣЩݴʴԲཱུС³ҲϢ 
 
һֱ΢ЦţǸ̫ƯˣˣֱáЩɫˡ˱ǵ԰վһ߿һĵҪȥ˭֪һ̧ţͽס֪һû͡˵ŵݹһһƿţ̡ 
ۣһ¥ϰװ˼˹裬ѧȥˡ 
·Ŷȥգһֱߵ¸ʮ·ڣҹգ١ 
裬˵һ˴ˣô߶ȥĻŶһֳֻһ£һ˳ȥ 
·ԺעƣҲһ˴κˣҿɸ㣬ҾôһŮںеǽܵӰˡ 
ʮ꣬һ꼶ѧոմӶѧתұȽϽĵӢѧ鿹ֻھͷżˣҪתҲ¸ѧתǽ鲻ͬ⣺Ҹ㣬Ҫתģ㻹ϤϤѧУңҸУ˵ˣڲǵǮôƯͨɣ˵˵ţȻŽѾͷ㲻Ҫң㵨˰ɣӢǹѧУŶ 
˭ˣʾأӢѧʲô˲ģתת£˭ˣ˵һڹЦȻ׹ˣ飡ڼңұôֶ񵱣 
ѧڽڵʱ򣬽Ӷѧת˵Ӣѧ 
죬ȥѧУĵһ졣 
ѧУѧУʲôѵΪӢǹѧУҪתѧ״ʲôӣôҲһɣңҲŲʲôأôȹӣô׵˿־ôͷԷҪһСһСڵسԣոѧĺ˵Ҫϸϸ·ҪһŤһŤĿбӣûûˣһͣһ߱ߺ˼롣ʵ֪ĹŮôԷô˵ô·ģⲻӵϵģӡˡ   
һ ײĳ(7)   
˴ı飬ҴҴ߹һĵģȥεʮ·ڣҹգ·Ŷȥ˼ȻͣѽôվŲأ˶һۣãǺƣСַԺˣϽܣˣһɫĳһɫ磬ڽԺһ 
ǽľС 
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Ѫˣ 
۾ֲϾ;ýеƽʱ̫һԭҪһ춯صĳǳŮǡҪǷԼϣ鵹ͦġ 
þúþûѵþôһҲ۾͵ã֪һ᲻ΪʹУУðѪʹ²̫ÿҲͦ˵ġ 
ι㻹𣿡һװͰ͵˹ 
ûһ飬۾ǿԼſڵϣƼΪŹۣеһֻ˯˵СȻ󿴼һ˫úںúڵ۾ڶ˫۾Ƶģ֣ô۾ѵУܣûһ˫۾ʲô 
٣ԭû̫ˣ꣡Ժ󻹿Լ̣һͦԾ˭֪ƨһۣһûվȣǰ˫۾ˤȥҪǣﻹץһͣ˴ͳ۾Ļ 
۾ôһײһˤصˤڵϣûüѹϡ 
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ҵ֣ҵֱӵ´ܻ 
ˣ룬һ͵ţƿײֱϣˡӴһû˵Ϻأȫι·ˣɶ񣡶ңҾȻһĻæҵҪԽԽں۾ĻԽԽ۾ͬһԭģ壬һΡ 
ιܱܲҶȹһȥ۾ҧ߷ߵ˵һ¹۵ˣôˣûôˤǵù˾ôˣððʧʧײ 
ιҪ˭һȥŭ 
㲻ô۾ʶղǻôҲˣǲĿڡ 
үүû°ɣһߴġһȦƯӵ˼߹һѽȻСط۾ 
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ү֡˸ߴ䡢ǱãȴδɵСôϹϾġ߷߲ƽؿǳСӣƾʲôѽﲻɻǲòϣСӳʵ˧˧öԼˡǳȺںڵ飬ȷʵеڲͬʵеǱѩ׵ĳŪˣ浽ͺţ̵һεĺۼϻѪѣһС򾣬Ťӡ 
ѪүͷһûƵģСʲôʱôѪ 
ʲôôСֵģһѪ˵أƲƲͣֽţУûˤתҪȥ   
һ ײĳ(8)   
ѽҵֱүһУȵСӣվס 
Сӣ̧ĽϷɻҿ˿Χ۵ˣûʲôСѽĪûˤ𵴶Ķүˤص𵴣 
أүָϴյɫ 
ңָָԼŶү˵Сվߣ̧ͷſ˫۾ʹضҪϿʲôҪĶһϽĪĻˣ۾ڣӻڣҲԹԵشԭλãδΣллأûݣݺݵػصŶү 
㻹˭ҵֱүү͸ҵΪ˸ֱүүרܵʿڸţƿӻˣǸǸһȻһ֮үĺ۾Щɱڵġ 
ιĳײң룬ɴɣΪһֱҪܵʿȥǴţҪǮСӣ˲ţǻģûҵ̣ұŵľʧ͸͵Цˡ 
㴳ơүĺ۾ֺÿģǿī񣬹ֲþ۾Ϥأǿīıòײ͵͵һۣһۣͶǿī񰮵÷񣬿īָḧһ¶ңţһīϿ˶ĺۼȻǿīĴڣҲ֪īһһҪҲġôī񱳺Ĺ£迴ǿīʱϾƮһƬЩʲôһ°ɣһǳǳ費˵ҲͲʣţһ죬ģҲڵɡ 
⡭ˣһתҵɣɫäƣһΪ̵ء 
ˣү߹ץס֡ 
뵱ַѽæһιԶ٣ֱֵǮ⣡ 
࣬һǧٶʮԪүȻааЦ 
ɴ۾ʮҲֵЩǮιƭҲݸ壡ô˵ֵһԪ 
үֱֵôǮ˵ɣô⣿Ǹߴ򽪰 
ǺİɣҪǰ׽ȥô죿˵רҪʮŮأҪǱһ٣һŮֱҲ̫ûˣ뵽ɵýͬʱüͷǲܲôΪϡһȻת 
˼ҳͻҳ󻹵ʲôˡ 
ιСӣ 
۾һܻˣӣܱ߰Цôãô£ܲҲأɵ˦ȣ·ߵ˺Сϵȥû뵽Լͦģɺ֪ͲμϴεУ˻ᣬһõһϴεĵһǸɵѾͷˣϧѽϧţȻ˰ȣͷһǸղɫӸˡˣôҲܲѽôһ룬Ͻս˸һСӣĳô׷ңٺ٣ͷǳ޿κεطٶȣ˸䣬ת·ȥˣЦ˼   
һ ײĳ(9)   
ʱ͵ʲôˣͷ˿ѽҽǵӢѧȥѧĵһ죬ãҪٵˣһæתѧУķȥ 
ʮӺǵ˹ǺС¹ڲܵѧУſڣԶѧУϿǰһƬһƬǺңԶǺܽãûٵҪһһ̧ͷȴǸ۾ĶүѾ˵ӢѧУУУٵñͦͦģͿѧУſڣ΢΢̧°ͣԽһ΢΢ЦţЦһ˵İһ˵Ҳ֣ͨУϾȻһͱ˵ƣûؼҽ޸ĹôɵͷԼϵ·Ͱ͵ģһһĻգҪǱͶǱ 
ţԭԭҲѧУģ 
˺üӲŷӦȻ˹һʶؾҪܡףǵӢѧԼҪѧġһ¶үүļҵү̫ŤˣͷȻгƺүģźĵķһʲôĶүѧУѲܰ顢ˣͷۿǰµȥ 
ιʶˣү΢Цкû˸ղɷı顣 
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Ǻãѧ㡣ү˵ת߽˴š 
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ֻͦأ׷ȥ˵ҽн 
ǸĳСͲ֪ȥˡ   
һ ײĳ(10)   
ͳֲ˶Ц˽Ļ䡣 
ǲԭóײŮֵͬ˵ 
5 
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һ ײĳ(11)   
Լͷܼ⣬ŵƬιʯͷβ̶Ҫ 
ʶĸϽʦǸȻʧɡһŮ˵ 
ǰֳӣǾȻ˵Ǹ˵ǸҰѾͷУô˵ҶУǲ裡ǰһָ˳Ӣ˵ҪǲǸҾͲˣ 
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ſһŶԭѽ㵨ӲСûʲô 
Ǹ߼׷˳Ӣ׽סĸ첲ҧݽе 
˳Ӣһ˦֣ƫŽԵøˣΪʲôǸ 
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㡪ΧΧˣôˣôܰѡҰѾͷ˵ڿܾڱأǺ˳Ӣ˵ǸҪȻ߿ 
ҲǸأ˳ӢƵؿŽΪͿˡ 
˵֪ʲôʱվ˳Ӣı˵һ䡣 
˳ӢʱӲˣһͷرɫݺݵضŽҪĿѽ̸ԴΣҧһһֵشＷҡΪҡ˵ġǸ˵˫һ񣬲ֵˣȺ   
һ ײĳ(12)   
˭ǣҪ֪֪ѧУĴºʲôãһ壬˧𼸸СŮļС 
ãͦأЦתһ룬סˣһ壬ҹʲôãⶼľֲǵĻҪأҲΧһȦˣҪ˳Ǹľֲ 
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ڶ ݸҪ(1)   
ɫĳţ΢΢¶Ц⣬ŽԶԶ泤üֱϱˣ˧òɽ˺ƾȣҲȺ͹Գ 
6 
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ڶ ݸҪ(2)   
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Ǹɫġ 
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ڶ ݸҪ(3)   
ģģ˵ʲô˵ˣҪ˾ŵ׼ʱԼҪʲôԼҾ㣬Ҫ̸Ļ۹Ҫ׼ˣһʲôèСӸƭˣʱҿɲһޡ 
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λƯĽ㻹ͦõǻӻ֣ת۾ܵӰˡ 
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ɫĳţ΢΢¶Ц⣬ŽԶԶ泤üֱϱˣ˧òɽ˺ƾȣҲȺ͹Գһͷ̷ڷҵط裬·ڸ߽ϵÿһˣֱ߽ߵÿһÿһƬҶģഺഺ޾ഺȫ綼ʵഺܵ·ڣͣĴţԻȻǲţ¶ŭһȣͶ˶һʲôתҪߡ 
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ǣү˾ȡ 
һתͷͿббųŵЦЦģһǳɫװʲôطǡǳգ͵ĳƣгˣһжֻΪڣǱԶԶ˵ıʵ̫ĿˣĿüֱ񻰡 
ΪʲôҪӣѽ߹ȥֲûһֱҺɫĳأ˭֪һɫġ 
ֻϳӲˡؿ룬һɫĳӰɡ 
ɫĳǺɫ𣿡۾ 
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㡪ײĳʱԼ˵Ļһתҵɫä֢ǼЪԵģʱʱȻת˸⣬ãûī㣬Ҿͺ±˴īȻһժ£ٹسһЦֱëȻ治֪ϵķôϲĶľͷ   
ڶ ݸҪ(4)   
´ҪīĶ㡣Ƚ˳һڽߡ 
˾ҪԸ·ڴϿţתҹգţţһ·һܰĽϡֲܿ߶ǵ̣ɾ࣬û뵽ڷҵģȻôһĽ֡һұȽϴĵǰͣӵĲźܴǳɫģˮſڵӰںˮᵴš˳򿪳šţ̧ͷһǳɫĲŵϷһװֵңдţ硣 
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򡣡ߵǰһŮæŴˣvһү 
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ǣʲôǣСӵʲôѵԼģԼһ̳˶ר꣬һѹÿ˶ҫһ£ʣǸڵŮȻ¶ӣ̧̧°ͣ󲽵˽ȥĿռܴ󣬰Ÿ߰ݡССƵļʮܽģأؿЩģأЩģеĴŸɫ˶еĹӡһʮҡͷϰͷζڸһֵŮģ·һͷæеĻӭһ˵Բ𣬶Բ𣬲֪ү٣λǡŽ 
ҵľֲ³ԱС㣬죬״õ˶ͶȹЬӡϥ㶼ǰĿʽס 
ģүͷתԽһС㣬룬Ҹߴ硣 
һΪȥ̳·ءӼϣ˵ǵ˶Ƕ𣿡 
ȻЩ·жҵȫר˶µĵ̣ɣôĵȴôƫƧĵطȻ˵ 
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ڶ ݸҪ(5)   
һӾֻгʻİ 
ĬĬؿŴ⣬ȵͣһȪعͷʣʲôطʲô 
Ѿ³ȥˣƹԿ첽߹ı˰֣Ը򿪳ţҶˣȥԵ㶫 
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һѰС㣬ʽ㷢룬ҿ㹲𣿡 
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ƫͷȤؿŽŮƢû꣬ͼ㹻ĵȣˣǾȥԵ㶫ԱˣϲԽŷƢOK 
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ĿͶǶˣպÿŮҸر۾е쳤ӣŮĴӡһǡ 
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ڶ ݸҪ(6)   
һ߹ȥһݳĵŮϡ 
Ůתͷۣһŷǳǳ˵ЩݺύȥʮꡣֻŮͷ𵶲棬ɿ죬ͣŵ⣬ͣͺ͵ĩǵǣµ棬ΪҪһ죬ЪһЪɳϣŮȻֱֻ֣ץ𵰸ԽԽ죬ˮҲʼ׹䣬ڵϣӾͺһ 
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ģܱȲҪӲһġһΣһ׹ӵ 
ߺĿߵŮǰǰѩذ׻һߣžطŮǰذ׷úܣֻҪڲһĨʲôˣʲôģʲôʹ࣬ͳͳûˡ 
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ͻȥɡſ޵ذŮض˵۾һصĹ⣬Ŀ²òӡ 
ǸѾͷʶһãŵͷ޿κε̾һðɣС㣬һܺúóһ͡ 
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¥ݣȻͣվһλӣŰ׳£ĸװĴӣ΢Цš 
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ȴվŲϻǴְҵԵ΢ЦǽСļ𣿡 
ʲôҰģ龯´һˣʲôҪ𣿡 
ǣ˱ʡ 
ǽĸס 
Ŷ۾һ˿⡣ǰλƯŮôᣬôƯΪǽĽءеĴ΢΢һݣǽС㶩˶״õЬӡϥףһ°ɡ۾һ˿ɻסŮôǮȥ˶أ 
˶ɻѣǮ˼ҵĺӲϲʱɣʲôʱҲˣŪ˰ɣǼҰûʲô򣬸ûǮȥ· 
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ڶ ݸҪ(7)   
ʱǧʣҲðסˡܿǩͳšУת潪С㣬Ҫƽʱ絽ѧУһСʱҪѵ߳ȥعͷ彪鱧ǸһЦҪȥѧУһЩ˼ 
û˵ӰתսǣͱһѾĺӣ⼱¥ȥʦȥˡ 
ӵװ׻ıӣӣëͶһƬŨŨӰϵķɫǰ͸ģһ΢΢κ졣˴鲻ɿˣŴʮǰԼƣĵ׺̾һԼûо쵽 
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꣡˯Ц 
ӷ硵лعŮգ˵ 
ŸղŻЦӯӯȻֳΡ鿴ߵĴӣٴĽμ·ˣ 
Ժذ۾ĸһرϣ裬ҵӻûʱء 
Ӵû׼ʱӵĻһ˯ҹŮǿţ㿴Щӡ 
裡ǿ۾ſһۣǿҿô𴲣Ϊ˿Щƺӣ 
ƺӣ㣬Ǯȥ·ֲζμ·ء 
Щĺڹе㰵ķ·Źһضڴߡ 
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ҵǮʲôʱҵǮˣȻ𳤶ϸüëιѵΪЩ·㾹Ȼ˽ҵǮҿǲˡ 
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裬ĺƷ 
ûʲô򣬸Ͳѽ 
裬ŮǸ͵һ򲻾ͻô㣬ҼѧУֲǷҵĶӷһô˵һﷸֲֹѧУľֲǴ򲻴˭֪ۡ 
ɻؿȥ˼ѽѧУͿˣǰͲ֪ԲĻǱġ 
Ϊܵÿ졣㲻֪һҪܵ÷ɿС˵һֻӣ룬ҲŲأǸ˳Ӣءһ˳ӢųԼ촽һ룬ͻôһԴƵġ   
ڶ ݸҪ(8)   
ܵÿģǣѧУôô֪ܵÿˣ 
裬룬ѧУһ֪ܲôôŮѽǵģ 
Ϊʲôң 
ʹֲʲô˵¡裬ڲ֪ţ裬кŵζ§ŽĲӣסűӣֻ˯еСޣ԰еסϲûζһɵ㣬޵ģζǽСϤζζ˳ζ 
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ʲôһܿŵĶǸ߸ߵȻڱϣ絽һСʱǲҪҵ𣿡ֻһɵʹر۾УҲӸǣ˯ 
ֺֺЦƿıӣıӹǵˡȻѾμѧУľֲҪѧУҪȥ㲻СˣҸĻʲôҲܻͷβȻҪһҪȥ 
ʲôѧУҪ󣿻СӵҪ󣡽в룬˵Ҫ˵Ǿֲľֲһ׷˶Ǯ˭ģôȥһʳֱ£Ǿ̫ˡֻίϱӸСǳˣһΰɣҪʲôС 
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糿Զôá 
峺ˮ 
Լڵˮζ 
лҶͻĵ㡣غţǵһŵôŵĿ 
ΪʲôǰŲζأйذɣҽΪʲôôأ˼ţԣòãһ̫磬ûȾлζ 
һ·ӶûֹͣתԼ֪ԼЩʲôˣţһ͵ѧУſڡ 
ѧУĴŻعţӢѧУϿǰСʱſš 
߹ȥ糿ķĶͷøˣһӣڼ綩·Ьӵȵȡߵú죬һȳķ硣 
̨ףûƿ͸Ĳš 
ֲûˡ 
תһεСţǶȥһңƹңһţֱͨ򳡣Ӣѧһ׼ĳһ롢ʮ򳡣̶̵ĲݣκһרΪ˻׼򳡡 
֪˭ô磿ֱʮӡ 
ӦͰɣܹԵӣһǸѧ 
ûйأ̽ͷȥһۿվ򳡱ϣƬĲݵأ·Ҫû 
ô͵͵ӡЦ 
һ״ɫ˶ɫĳ࣬ɫЬͷ˳ˣڷƮţе꣬ưţԴɫ   
ڶ ݸҪ(9)   
֮⣬񻹴ϲãֻһϲãպù 
ڴ֮ǰԼ۾пˣȻһ͹ȥˣǧȷˡΪʲôӦеˡ 
ΪΪֲС͵һʱ᲻ýŲѹȫУŮΪӣҲ̫ÿЩһкӦóô 
·𣿻ϰɡ߹ 
ŻعپеĴӣҪǮ 
΢΢һЦҴֲ͸ģÿ˾ֲ˶·Ʒ 
ҵס 
ǵһŮŴ㲻ϲĻӵ赭д˵Ҫӵһʣͷһ 
ӵеĴӣ˵̫˷˰ɣŸԺŮɡ 
ֲŮˡ˵·ǰĶģȳһϱ˭ŰĿӹȫ 
ҪΪʲôŮһ˵ȳܣһҪƴӣȲųأ 
Աһ£ĹԼ˵ġֻǴһ˵ҵȳȣ֮أҪҸ㵱Ӻˡ 
ҲŲҪʲôأ۾ôģô󣬳󶼳ˡƲƲ͡ 
֪ҪӡĻ 
ЦҪ༥͵Ӻ洫˭ô簡 
Ҵһ䣺ҿɲЩ޴СѾͷҪһī񡣡˵ԼҲһ£֪ԼΪʲôͻȻ˵仰ҲǿīӰ̫ˣ˵ôͣһûҲסͷʹк簡 
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ףģһΪǽǶԱءװһģһװԵͦԵ··Ҳһ˵ʶı䡣 
ͣŮǰ˵ǻ̫˰ɣ˵ܲٲܲٵϣʺͽ˫˫֣ͬ˵ҲŰɫ£ֵϣֱ˺ˬӡ 
ɵúˣɫڳϣһʲôأǱһĴӽֵ߹ϣһֱòˡ·漫ˣһ·ȴÿ˵չʾͬķɣÿ˵˿˿ۣǴȥϳһɫ˶֪ڽϻһʲôӡ 
ҪǲҪϳһ˵òã͹˹ϰԶ 
˰ɣ˭費Ҳһ˫ֵ̥أͬ 
һӶࡣЦ 
ǿʼɡѯ˿ 
ͷ 
ѵҪʼŶ㻹УءͶŽӺܿɰԼŮӡ   
ڶ ݸҪ(10)   
ӣض΢Цһ£ܱ˵Ҿȥϡ   
 ˣֻ˧Ͳ˧(1)   
ϳͰɫЬͳϣͦµģԼ˵ĳȺ⣬žеԼ˵ѾͷԵӢȻʡ 
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·ԼվӣһŮҵĶ̷峺徵ͷӴͳӣһеϣΪ˵ĳ඼ǵģ˭֪ԼǷۺɫġŮһҲϲۺɫ·ַۺɫҲ֡ۺɫֻ֪ôһۿϲۺɫҲǲ³ģŮϲۺɫ 
ϳͰɫЬͳϣͦµģԼ˵ĳȺ⣬žеԼ˵ѾͷԵӢȻʡ 
ߵֲ²ĳйǰȥ˰죬һֵ˵ʵЩүүõĹһ̫֣ǳ׹֣һɫǸɫͷͷһ£ҵ죬̫ˣϽͬǸѾͷĲӻûŪˣǸ漣ѽ 
ڳйǰæţλ˧ɵȵЩͷˡ 
ڸʲôôţһ߻֫һ˵ 
Ůô鷳ʺͽϣͬʱ˵ 
Ů鷳ǻŮ 
ˣˡųȣ˳һ˸߲ҵӡ 
ֵܴһεģ 
һͷֻȫװһһʱٵǿǰǿЦͷһƤСѾͷģ 
ҵ۾ɵôġ 
СӣǣȫˣȻҵϣ 
ԼĳЧ⡣ 
찡ѾͷҪʲôѽͺǺǵЦ 
ʲô֣һ׳һͣǲҪѵ𣿡 
С㣬֪֪ô򰡣ҡͷ·𽪰Ѿ޿ҩһ 
ǲ֪Ҫѧѽˣѵǲ𣿡 
Щ̫ˣֲѵ 
˭ǽġϣ˵ 
ʽ˵ǽѵġ 
絹ͦġϣʽȥ 
ȣʽŸ˵ 
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Ŷ򰡡ЩʧŽֵܣȻֶηֱǸȤˣ˵սģܸôϳ˭˭˰ɡ 
ҪѧԼȥֱ棬ѵĹ۲ֵͬʱ˸һģһģ޷ֱ档 
ʼˡ˦˦ͷ˸ơ 
һãȻؿ 
վߵ͸ǽеǼЪѵѵΪһ˶ԱҪ߱ٶȺͱǽǲ֪ʲôǼЪѵָߵܵ˵ЪʵǽܣܵѵֻҪ۶ǰ棬ûܾˡ   
 ˣֻ˧Ͳ˧(2)   
һָָͣ𣿡 
͸ʱԱֵ͵ܵǸͻᱻʮԳţ˽ˣĸԳŲ׼Ļᷣġ 
ģɴ۾ųµľԳˣܳͲˣʮǲҪ뵽һת䵽ߣλ˧翴еᣬһôҲᶯҡӣܵһ°ɡ 
ѧҿɲԸ㻻졭ţʱòáװһͰ͵ѧˣֱһڳϣɹĻǰٷ֮һ 
УȻϣնؾܾˡ 
һӲĶӣһ۳Ϻޱӣһ䣬ֻ㬵ظܵǰ棬عͷ˵㲻ܵͦ𣿡 
ôһһôأ롣 
Ȧܵһ󷢺ڣĲݵشʱҲһֳؿųʮԳšڹ컯աĿ֮£ˣôһ㲻̫񻰣ҧҧ촽ֻúܲԸſڵ£ֳŵأʼԳ 
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ŵúֻܲͷ̧һ¾ˡ 
㡣ͣ 
һȫڵϣ˵ˣ 
Ҳ𡣡һҲͬ 
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ǹء 
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ӽ𣬰ظˣƢһûˡ 
Ϊ˭Ǻ侲˭ʼŭˡ 
Ϊ˭аѵг𣬲ѽҲӢǰֲʶ֪ΪʲôôгɼһǼʣߺߡʲôأɵúúһ롣 
ۿҪֽˣȻȰȰµվһߣԤϵҪһĻƵġ 
˰ɣϾǸŮŮֱûԳűͲУɣǷģôͳԲ 
Ҫӱֵܲϴſֵɫ 
һϲ֣ûֿҲҪŪЩֳֵܾˡ 
˫۱أֻǿ˵һģ˵ıأĿľĳ󣡽һҧ˵ʮͶʮʵϲҪֵ֪ģ˵ʮһٸû⡣Լǧ¶˵Ҫ϶ͬ⣬ֲ֪Ҫʲôͷء 
һ£ϾģҲ̫ˣðɣҪڶʮꡣһ   
 ˣֻ˧Ͳ˧(3)   
˵ڵϣһ˫Ժһһ˶ʮ䣬ɴ䣬λ˧۶ˣͺͽֵܲɵƴ꣬ӵһԾ𣬳峵һɣ˰ɣߣ㡣 
һʮ룬ޱصͷ˵ǸѾͷһ 
ϵۣװװÿ泹ģ 
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Ͽʱ仹жʮӵʱ򣬳ԻˮľֲԱһЦˣѵ͵ȥϴϴɡ 
ʵЦͦÿģر룬رס 
ͷʪ͸ˣ޻ɵģԴ죬ϸܵĲݵؾһһվȥͺβˣԼһӵˣʱΨһͷȥݺݵ˯һݣ 
ѵ˵ΡȪʳ 
ϵˣƭӣ 
Ǵ˵еħѵ 
ᣬһƨڵϣҲ붯ˡ 
㲻ȥϿΰɡ 
̧ͷ 
ûߣͷҲʪˣ˼ڶǣʹԭǷˡ˵ʵô˧ֱ̫ټˣǵʶô˧ģǵÿĵӾ͵Ӱ˭ô˧ 
ϧƣ˼Ľڿû˧飬ŭĿӡ 
٣ôóڴϿ񱼵ľͷˣ 
ǵ䣬ʵû˵ֻõĿ⹦ܣһ 
һͻȻһֻ֡ 
ɻؿ 
ϴһ޵Ц⣬ī۾ֱŽ˫۾ܺڣԶͷԶ֪ͷʲô 
ʲôƻһոջɢΰذ־ 
طС 
·˺ܾãַ·ֻһӣվ˿Լ֣Уղǻþ𣿿ǣԼķһ˿¡ 
죬ҪٵġµӣýȷŸղֻһþ 
̫ˣԲŻֿЦĻþ 
ѽԡſڣת߿ 
ƿԡҵĥɰš 
ûԡңھֲôԡҲ̫ݳ˰ɡ 
ˮƵĹǡô͵Ĺ͵͵һظŽվڴǰԼεϾȻһ˿죬˸һСƬ죬˶ˣɫǲһ 
ע⵽ԡɫǰףɫǷۺ죬ԡԡñǷۺģԡרΪ׼һ 
֣ѵ뵽ֲ 
ܣ϶Ǹɺϰˡž˶ 
һˮ󣬽ʱôͷŶΪ֮һᣬ˾УŲ߳ԡҡ 
ڴĽŲͷ΢΢̧ˣ   
 ˣֻ˧Ͳ˧(4)   
ˡ 
ô̵һһһֱ߽ѧУſڣҲû˵һ仰 
ֵߵҶڳĴ£΢ɳɳ 
ԼᣬһֻҪһͿػ衣 
˵ʱ򣬾ͻһֵ˴ϳ˿һذؽһε֪ذ 
ʱָоˡ 
һүʲô˵أ 
ֱôڿˣҲֱҽ˼ˣ̫ˣѧؼҪú˯һСĿĵš 
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һŮ׳հļ 
үˣּС 
ȻΧܶŮǲ̫һξشӵǣ˸ָ߰ 
ģĽ 
ֱ⣡ 
ѽݲ׷ 
ѧ˧ѽʱͷɣԸˣⲻ֪ĸյ 
Ѿͷǲ֪ߵغԺ϶ԼôĶ֪ 
 
ʲô˲ģһҪԱ߿ 
˭֪ûӣһֺֻȻס֡ 
 
֮ͥ£ʲô 
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ǻ֣һ۾ȽϼŮȷ´½ʵЩ߹ŵŮǸͨѧУߴߴŮûʲôһǡ׳աʡ 
찡ѧֱˣ 
ôУŮôϲСѼ 
Ӱ˻ҹ 
 
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첻µزµĽȴûбһĿ֮ǣ֣ô˵Χ£ô·ǺţƽʱƢˣǽ죬֪ΪʲôûƮƮһҲûУľżһǣš 
ľżľżһһоҲûеġȴеһֵġЩ˿˿Щɬĸоĵĵ 
оǰδеġ 
ǵһΣһα֣ô˵Ŀ⡣ 
ôߣȽһͷ 
ɶ 
Ϊʲôأ 
Ϊʲôأ 
ˡ 
ӺԶĵط 
ɿ֣γѡһԭѾһĽſڡ 
13 
֣ΪԼ۵ôңһڰΰѵ״̬»һ죬߽һĽʱԼĽŲȻ죬̥һϱ÷ǳᣬֱơࡱĴˡ   
 ˣֻ˧Ͳ˧(5)   
ɫһΣʹֽֿɰ 
ԭ˶ʮӣӵôõľ״̬أ 
һѧΣǰǽͷ۵ĿڱϲĿΣϲѧϲǴţԾͰϿεʱȫоźò֮벻֮ͬˣǶһ˫Це۾ǵƤ˫ƤǵüëŨüëȴŵĸŨЩǵ촽״ǴŵǸԸСǵͷŨܣͷɫɫͷǶǸ߸ӣŵĸӺЩɡȥóһۣǴŸ˧ 
ֱ˧ûҩɾȣ 
ڽֻ֣˧ĺͲ˧ġ 
ްĽŴš 
콲εʱǰûйر顣 
һоŵıʱԱߵϲۺȻݸһ 
˵ү߽Уţǵʲôϵ 
꣬ϲһۣŴš 
ϲۣòô׽ӰĹȴһģѧУĴСȫӲ۾Ͷ䡣 
һݹ 
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˵ǲʧˣ 
ϲ۵һࡣ 
ϲۣһ𣿡źȻϲ۵֡ 
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ϲ۰ʦһѾǹܣȻܶŮţֻϲϲԽѧУĵһȫ֪ˡ 
ȫ඼ĿͶŵϣôش𣬴ֻüͷϲ£ΡְϲһۣĻա 
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ܸܲңʲôֶΰӼүŪֵġϲѹһӡ 
ġʰ룬վ 
ϲסͷ¶ɫ˵ûģģֻʦ 
ˣѾͷˣΪ˭ѽճʹ 
ǴʦΪʲô²أȥҲ 
һʧˣҪǼʱ֣ο˵ȡǰŮѵλãΪŮѡϲԽ˵ԽˣЦ˻·Ѿ˴ŵŮһ 
ˣΪѧУ˧Ĵڣ 
Ϊ˴ʦʲôҲ¡ϲһ¸ҵӣ˵ѾˣֲʦӢֻǴһµĿζѣѧһͲʦˡ   
 ˣֻ˧Ͳ˧(6)   
ʲôģʡ 
ڶأо꼶ѧ 
ģ 
ƭʲô 
߰ɡϲȥ 
ȥĶ 
Ҵʦȥѽ 
һߴӰӵſڡ 
̧ͷһ 
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ÿԼʲôʱˡ 
˳ӢһĬ 
Щÿ 
źս˳ӢƵӣ۾Ž 
Ҳ༥˳ӢǲǳԴʲôҩˣ 
ϲһԣæ߹˳ӢЦѧ㣬ͱѧһʶˡ 
˳ӢؿһϲۣʲôһʶֻǸ 
ƾʲôǸ 
ңҵӣٵңҾ͸Ұ˳Ӣ޺޵˵Ǹš 
ʲôѧУʲôŮ˳ӢǸøøøƫҪȥѪӿͷСţһſڳȥû嵽ſڣͱ˳Ӣһײź˼Щˤ 
ʲôˡһö⴫ 
Ǵʦʦˣϲ˷ܵؽ 
˳ӢһˣϽݺݵض˽ۣˣҰѾͷ´ͱôˡҸ㣬ǸǵɣȻһЦӭȥһˣʦ 
һҰѾͷ֣ͷֺ߶ʮһ˳Ӣ˹ȥ˭֪˳Ӣ֪ȥƵģһˣղסƣǰߵ˵Ļˤȥһȫڵϡ 
ֻϲһУ˵Ļ̧ͷһ찡Ǵšɱ۾һϣԼˤιȥ 
űһˤˤˣŽһѹæɿ֣վ򽪰һֻ֣ͬѧû°ɡ 
ȻϣҲôҲһֵֻġ 
ǣǴŵְһ˧ŵְȻողűǸΪǵ֣ôԾѻµֵݸأԴ˵̫ƽ˰ɡ 
˳ӢϵıøӶݺˣ˫۳ŭ𣬺޲ðѽһѵȼˣճɻҽС꾫װ˳ӢɵúԼղˣѾͷһˡһ۴ţҧҧͱͱǼŴſɵ۵Ů˵ߣЩŮعܲԸظ˳Ӣ뿪˲ 
ϲȴضŴŵ֣˿̣ôϣ˳Ӣ鷳ôϣˤڵϵϲ۰ôͿ˳ذַֻһִůεˣһҸĸо 
ֻȴ˽ 
Ϊʲôôһˣϲ֣Ҫ˧ʦ֣̫ƽˣ 
ϲ۵Ƶϣԥԥһֻ֣ϲۿֻֻֿҪʱУ϶ְɣϲסԼ͡   
 ˣֻ˧Ͳ˧(7)   
ʱбȻһֻ޳֣һץסŵ֣ϲ۵ļжߣֱ㶵ؿһĻԼ۾ 
 
     
ഺ ڶ   
 ɾĵط(1)   
ע⵽ܽ˵ĺطѬ²ݵ㣬۾ڸˣҹաô˳磬һ˲䣬ɭ·ĸо 
14 
ѧУҶŨ̵û⼸͸ЩߴϣչʾŵӢѧƾʷչʱ䣬ûʱ䣬ѧУϿƮĸ 
ιһҵŪһһˡҧгݵ˦֡ 
һҲûзɵ˼ֱǰߡ 
ʲô˼ӻǴֻ֣ۿͿԳʫذַڴ˧ˣ˭֪ɶ·ɱһͿһǰǷһʲôˡŭصεСӣʲôӢѧĵһӣֱǵӢѧĵһǿŵ֣ǣҪôأֲǴŵ֡ 
ûʲô˼ֻϲܵ˵˵ɿ˽֡ 
ִлȻûɵһ˿ʧ䡣 
ʧΪŵ֡ 
Ϊ⣿ʡ 
Ϊ⡣ 
ûˣ 
ûˣˡ 
ŽĲ쳣ǴʯĶͷֱͦıӣĴߣһͷ۽ǣָе봹۾¶޵ˣ˺ȻȻĶһ¡ 
ЦһҹӸʲôˣ룬װİɡ 
ôߣȻûתӡ 
ҾҾߣְ 
߰ɡǰ˼ȻعͷÿϵѵʮӵУԺñ֡һ䣬ͷҲصˡ 
ͦıӰ˰ŷӦ絽ʮӣΪʲôҲ𣿴ӽ쿪ʼÿ춼ҪһСʱֲμǸҪѵһ뵽ֱȣ˵ĥҪʲôʱŽѽ 
ҿѧڻֻھͽˣڣҸڣ˵Ҫϰαμѵˡԣ뵽־һЩܾܾܲɡ 
Уƾʲôⲻǵģҵ֣Ұ˭ܵѵֱҪҵЦ 
ʲôϲ۲֪˳ǲڳճյŰԶȥıӰ˵ʧ˵ķ쳤ʹţѾѽ 
ʦأĵЦŴš 
㱻һߣҲ뿪ˣһصӡһ⣬ѧ͵͵ٴʦôϲ۵¶صɫ 
ⲻðɡ 
ûʲôãĿʦʹģѽǵĿǰֻ̽ʦĵԭôɲɣ㲻ɵĻҾһȥЭɲ˵ȥ   
 ɾĵط(2)   
룬վǶԴŵĹռϷ磬˵ͷðɡ 
ѧһ죬ϲ۾ʹλվԽʹ˸ɫ˼ٶȰʰãϲ߳ңȻյ˽ʦ칫¥һĺ棬쳤ӵŴų 
ӶˣûŵӰӡ 
᲻Ѿˣ˶巢ȡ 
ٵһϲԲģŴšȻ۾һһ£Խ˵ˣ 
ôһ꣬ȻеϽ״̬±һصɫʣ·Ǳ˼ٺͷ٣ֱݵӰһֻһ֪ᱻ٣Է⾫ʵһݲˡ 
ȻǴ˳ӰԶԶȥôڣֻǿڽϲ۵һį 
źܿ߳Уš 
ҪȥĶ 
ϲ۶һ£ȥ 
һ֣һʿ 
ϲҲæһ 
ǰɫʿҪϲض˾Ը 
˾ǸֵˣɻؿһŮʲôҲû˵һ̤ţǰĵʿ 
߹һһ֡ 
˳ϲ۸Ͻ˾ͣһȪȪԱߵһȥ̧ͷһֲط죬ԭϴǸ֪ʦʲô϶Ϊ˳ԷǳԷôԶ 
ѵҪʲôˣ 
һ˰ɣҸŮ˭ѽ 
˺Ȼеһ΢΢Ĵ⿴Ŵ߽ǵš 
Ҫȥ𣿡ϲû⡣ 
˺ܶ࣬һȥͻᱻ֡ϲۣŵȥǵǱǲǡߵĻܿ 
˽ŵضһʯ棬쳤ʱؿһᱻŮߡãûע⵽ǡԭһôװӡŷᣬ񾭻ʱ̽ţ治˸ɵĻɾļˣ 
ллأžڿλӣӽϲ۵ĽǶȣպÿ԰Ѵ۵ס 
ֻڸ߱ϣһֻ֧ŶͷĿϵһ֦뿪ĺõϣĶѣϲһʱˣ˻࿴˿ͬ 
˼ӣȿʼˡ 
ǣŮҲһ£һֱ治˵ԵӢѧĻŮҡһ䣬Ϊ߻ 
㳤ۣ͵ϲ۾ԼʯͷʱһһϮɫȹŮһƮһƮ˹ȥϲһɲͬʱһָоŮ·ýţĽһյġ 
ŻûлͷıȻ˺ܴı仯һɨ⣬һ޷ݵϲϣʹ˱͸ˣֹʼֱ˾ѣĿ 
Ĺʣ 
ϲۣ֪ϲҲһ뵽仰Ϊ¶ĲǼʣȻ֪ԼϵһҲϲ۵һģһ   
 ɾĵط(3)   
Ůڴŵվסˡ 
תͷϳ˽ϲ۴ûмЦݣʹ΢Ц 
֡ 
Ůֻϡ 
Ůڶŵ޿ޣǵӢѧŮŮҲʮ֮һš 
ϲ۷׷׿ˡ 
ŮһֱûдӴŵÿ۾Ҳһֱû뿪ŵ۾ҲһǷֱһ꣬һǧ꣬һ꣡ 
ϵۣǶô˵һĻ 
Լжˣ͵ۿһϲۣѾͷȫ˳Դף۽һһģһỨ 
ĿٴƵŮϡ 
ף⾫µٲӰôϤ 
ȻһŮͬλÿԵ⣬ذ״̼һʹʧŮǸͻȥŮ 
ǵŮаӣһ֣һ 
Ƕôһѽֿ˿ϲۣѾͷɵۡ 
ˮ 
ϲ۲ͷճһЦôɫһѽ 
ǵģôɫǳɫһͿϲҲɵһͿ 
15 
ںһȳһȳ߹ܵĶ̷ʪ͸ˣͷƤϡϺϣһһ࣬ǸӾͺ˴ӳˮ̳һ 
Ѿѵһڣ˵һ죬ûʣ춼ѵڶ졢ĸ첲ȡֱۺûһ۵Ҫֱˡ컹΢һЩȫûôʹˣϵˣǽÿҪźһٱıĴϱöɤʱֱӲҡ 
ˣ˶ĸоôͣ 
͸ˣûػش 
ҿ㾫ܲȸʶʱɫˡЦš 
ǻعⷵա̱ڵϣݵؼֱֺĴŴ󴲻˫̵С֣ϵس·˵˯һ˯һɣԶҪѹ۾رˣԼֻгûнˣҾһˡ 
ҪҪİ 
ʲô 
ġ 
ſڴеˣֲлȥȪοʹңѵƣһɨ⣬¸ҪмѵˣŶ 
̫ˣֵһҪȥ棬ȸԾǺܳʱûȪˡ 
£ 
ɻؿųܰɣһһȼٺ˵ýۣһǮ˶ȥ𣬸˵Ǽѧˡ֮⣬һǧ·أҪһ塣ҪʮСʱһ컹һصģʲôȪģݺࡣЦҲҸһĿĳһĬϸûСֵֿܣǸ˵ӣѵֵЪɰ׳ˣҲţĿűߵϡһĪЦţƺڿһܺϲ硣һת⡣عͷ͡   
 ɾĵط(4)   
ͶһţҾͲȥȪˣȻȥˡ˸ȥʲôȪ 
գһ۾ЦУҪû㣬ȥҲû˼ɣ컹ţһҪȥ£ˣҾ㡣 
Ͼŵ㣬׼ʱھֲϣȻ³˵꣬Ŀ򽪰ӹ 
ϻ׽ŪأУѱС㿴Ůôţ͵ͷ˵ãҴˣһΪǻԴ˯һˣηǵҪ˯ʮ㲻ɣһݣȺţʵ̫ˣ 
Ҫˣѵأų룬磬Сɲˡһħѵһˣɵ˾һͦӵһ 
ιعⷵյĶҲ̫˰ɣ 
ȥԡԡһ̵ԡұȥ 
첻ٵܹʱȻڡ 
ʲôвѵһҪֿ˵ƾʲôôԵѽһۣø˵ԴӲñֺ򲻵ѣ˵ˡȻҪÿʮӵֲڱûʱҲֻڰ糿Ĳݵϴ۵С۰ˣû̫ĻҪ˵˿죬ݵأܵţǽżĿǺܿƿٿ죬ݵأܵšһֱ 
û˼ˣ֪Ϊʲôÿ컹絽ʮӡ֣ӣˣˡΪһֱһǷһ 
ѧϵһʱһԱߵ˹ 
ƫͷϲ۳գգ۾ϲ۾ϲϿεʱ˵ȤǺ˼ı֡ 
˿̨ϵĴţûע⵽ЩСĴ 
Ǵˣ⼸ǲġ 
ָĵȻǴš 
ԼüûȥĹˡ 
ΪͰӣһܿ֡ 
ѵ𣿽̧ͷϸع۲Ŵŵ۾˫ޱȵ۾ŵ۾˿ʹֻһͷҪ 
źͰӣ֮䣬ʲô콪ϲڿ˰ӣֺж˸٣µشظˡΪһ˫ǰǶеԼֻһ޹ؽҪľ˰ˡϲڻȥ·һ̬һ仰Ҳû˵ǽţ·ȫ 
ʧˣ 
ֺγأ 
ǴźͰӣǶôõһѽӦףǣ 
û뵽Ÿӣһ𣬲֡Լаӣĵ绰룬ҪҪӣ̸̸أֿһ۴ţҰӣ 
16 
ʮʮһʮ 
ѽҲˡ 
塭 
۾̫ˣղΡζҪƣ˰Σʶ绰һֱڡ塱ͣ޺޵룺˭ôģһͰѵ绰˵ˡ   
 ɾĵط(5)   
űŲͷͲιһ 
ڴϰɣ͵ˣС㡣 
һӣ˵ʮ֡ʮȵңԶ 
ͣû¸ȥЪܣΡһ˯ߵеŭе 
ι㻹ûĴĹȻûͱϵֲλ˧ȥȪԸķ䣬һ˵ˣһ䲻ˣһϲˣˣһ 
ͿЦˣ֪ʲôϷĻҷ䣬첻ȥµĻʲô 
㴦ͺǿӲ 
ãһΪµ绰Ӵ 
һһ¥εſڣȥѾͷĶȥͣеĻŽıӰš 
򣡡ӺԶĵطʧڹսǵĵط 
켱ģѾͷˣѵǼҪһŮҡҡͷعͷЦк˿ͣҪʲô 
ֲܵʱʽϣʡͶˣеڵٲǾˡЦ˵ 
ſͣĺɫɫ 
ĪҪȥ£ֱǷˣĿÿ˵ӹ 
һ˦Ʈݵĳ 
ֵܺͳɫ͡˺ɫվ淢ɵ 
ѽڸʻλϣͷӴԽ 
ҪĶɻؿѾߵı 
Ҫڣգգۡ 
Ͼϣ˭˭һҧܰˡţߡ 
ӿͷת⣬Ŵķ羰ȴŽֻʲô¿ųŵʱ򲻴һЩеˡ 
ţֱϱʲôתͷһɵþϲؽгⲻϤֽһȵģĪϷҸճ¯ˡװֽӣһƿ̡ 
̧ͷȴŴ⣬һжûйϵƵġ 
ι˵ллʼջ˵ڡ 
ȳԡԶʱҪ˵ǶԲ˵ 
һһƿʲô˲ģʲôʱͻظˡٿֽӣһϤζƮԵŵɫǶŻɫ͸ѸɣĿǻʪˡ֣ô֪ϲֱǸֿֿܰĲŨŨ 
ʲôóԵģô㣡ʹǰתͷʹűӣһֻɰС 
ҪҪԣȫһΪó裬˭Ҳôóֺÿ   
 ɾĵط(6)   
ͣ㲻ǳԹ𣿡Ȼ˵ˡ 
ţǳԹˣǣȷʵ̫ˣҿɲԡͿŵ촽 
УгϢһвС͵ͷš 
ϲñֵؿ룺СӣԵСһ룬һ߰ߣݺݵҧһڡ̫ܳҸˣ 
۵ǰһ˲䣬Ȥشĳࡣ۾ٺݺݵҧһ룬ߣƫŮҪͿɡ 
ƿӣȻǴƿӴ飬ֱ˵£ɿһֻǿֱشϡȻ´½һ͵ץ֣յƤ¡ 
ιһ˦֣㻨հ㣡 
ù۾ 
ΪʲôжҪҵлҪ⡣ 
һûȥݺݵضסֱö˶˵ģһҲûԲԣ 
Ȱȥ˵ҪҭŽĹĵӺѿ 
ȱȻشңΪʲôҪƭң˵ʲôץסⲻš 
ǳʲôͺػعͷ 
һȤ⡣ٴΰ͵ͷšϵ̫ҵû·ƽʱأ 
شңš 
С㣬̫ˣ㲻ָ룬ǣүү͸ҵﱻˣ᲻˵ģʿһһģһġûУ̹ȻؿŽ۾ 
ܺãΪĴǣүүǮ꣬ܵʿȥһģһֱءѧʱǿ黮ֱѧУҿǲš 
һҲûСԥӦ 
ˣһУͣ 
17 
ʲôطˣ۾Ƶ⣬۾ˣ촽ҲO͡ 
ͣһܴĲƺϡ 
ƺ̵̣ 
ƺм䣬ͣһֱɻ 
ѵ 
عͷɻؿһӰֱ׵˾⡣ 
΢΢һ̣˵ͷ 
ۣģ 
ֵܺͳѾ˳ֱɻȥҲɴ˳ӣڼЪѵҲûдﵽٶ׷ǡ 
˾ӳͷƹ򿪳ţ˵ү㡣 
ڳϡֱɻⱲӻûҪءϼźǮһ⡣ǰʲôᣬʲôǮˣʲô⼯ǼŵģûʲôΪЩûзκϵڣϼŵļ̳ȻΪȥȪֱɻҴϰΪӿ⻹ǾԵģе㳬Χˣ 
ϲñ˵𣿽С㡣Ϊ򿪳š   
 ɾĵط(7)   
γѣΪԼʧ̬ץƿӣƿ͹һڣȴǺÿһ߿һһֻŵ⣬ҪǷ³Ͻһ̤գ˺طɳţվſڵصײڵϣһ˴ƿĻ 
 
вһ䣬žһ죬ˣʷˡƿϰ֢һĻﱬ 
һҵ֣ҵֱһܻ 
ûдУŽߵ۾ųĿ˵㲻㲻Ӧüֲ˾ֲ𣿡 
ע⵽ܽ˵ĺطѬ²ݵ㣬۾ڸˣҹաô˳磬һ˲䣬ɭ·ĸо 
˾æǰǣүûˤĶɣ 
ҡҡͷ 
ȥ˾ֲءվźȻӦ˶ԱǷֵòɾҩӣһΰ˵ڵϡ 
УӦһȥȻڱԶֵݳ֣ô΢΢һЦ 
ֵܵĺֱɻǱߴǵȼˡ 
ݷ˵һסֱ֣ɻȥ 
ѽ۾ǰһƬδɫ̲ϻطܣһȻ˦֡ 
Ϸɻע⵽ǸߴǷˣר˾ɻôߴͣӦûıڡ 
ֱɻϵҶ޴ĺΧĲݵǿһȦȦǳһɫУݵسɫĺ󣬶ֱɻһҴڷֲ˵ 
ڣֱɻ뿪棬ԽԽߣݵСһƬ̺һ񣬱һɫˮ飬Ȼʧڵ档 
ڿеĸоڵϲһɡʡ 
Ŵ⣬еһѣġСпָ֢Ӹߴ¿ͻ˫ŷ뱻̫ûϢˡֻϵһСëֻҪ¸ҵ㣬һܿ˷ģԼȻŴ⣬˵ǼҺǮ𣿡˵⻰ʱûĽҲûоȣûгֻǺƽһ仰ʡǼСûʲô 
ǵġܼ򵥵ػش𣬿ǽ 
񲻸ˣ 
ʲô˵ġ 
Ļ˵ԭ۾ģһǴɡعͷɵЦЦ⣺оԼܺĸоŶ 
ɫ̫ã᲻λ 
Լ˫գú˵ģεǵһɻе㲻ϰ߰ɡ 
ϰɣоЩǰȻ˵һƿ֭ 
лл㣬ϣʡӹ֭šƿǣڣȻоöˡ   
 ɾĵط(8)   
ǽʻعͷһͷӽ쿪ʼסˣµǽʣµǽϣʡ 
ԱߵֵҲعͷӣ飺ģǽϣأϲµĽʣ 
һ¾͸ŪͿˣŪ˭˭ˣңôֵ£ֵԸ˵Լϲ£һƵġ 
˭˭˭£˭£֮ܶǶսͶˡڽĺ棬ڽ˵¾׼û 
£ֵܻһ 
վ۾¶еɫ˵ǶȣǸȫѽǶȡ 
Ըʮӡ 
һʱ䣬Ҷ˵ˣһĿͶ⣬סзŵĸоҲŴһ𣬰ĿͶбǰĴ⡣ 
ۣ 
оͺֹͣ˼ӡ 
һûͼǰչ̵̺׺״졢ССɫĺЩɫǳһһޱȵ񣬱ɫ̺ϡһôɫ޾˼䡣 
ָ֢ˣʱ˿ֻ̣һͷһƮƮ䵽ɾĵطǸöð   
 ˵Ұ(1)   
ӣò԰ˣڵҲؿڣ˵ţһжˡ죬ҾҪ뿪ȥ 
18 
һĺһ˳ȾԴͻǱ鵺ĺЩǳĺõɫҲ󲻵ɫ 
ѵõǣοƵģʲôʱµοͶǾı̵̺ﾡܷɵ飬һõ׵ķɡ 
һƬܴĲƺרΪο޽ͣǵֱʱͣѾͣСֱɻ 
齵ĵطС塱ʵ⵺סĵطС¡Ϊǣͽһ¶һֱʮˣһʮ 
ÿһµĸֶһģһĺԺӣһһţÿһžһĺԺÿĵţĽԺ䣬שߣ徲Ժĸо 
һˣסһĺԺռסڶססֵ᷿κʱ򶼲ϲֿһס᷿Ϸסĵط 
һ·߽һһţһ·סֹϵĵطҲӦôϹŴ·Ŷԣ֪ǲװӾһŹϳض̴ľҾء 
صŴǸоһɡ 
Ǹȫһ 
һƿɫķţڽģȫִŷʽ䡣ĵƣĴͷһĵͻĵ̺Һӣƹ񣬱䣬һܴԡ䡣 
һУòӵʽĺԺֱ޷ϵһǿҵĶԱȣʹ˶ʱж֮С 
󣡡ɾ̾һ¡ 
ȻԼ䣬ȵ㶫ϴ裬Ϣһ£ȥȪ 
ֲֵۣܽϢʲô 
ǲۿĴߣ˭ȥȪͿŽֵܣ֪ȥŮˣҾǣ粻Ҫ֣Ҫ˵ıڴ˾Ͷˡ 
ֵƤЦŹ⵺ûҲˣԲб¼ģͷĺˡ˵дڣôҲȵġһ˵һߡ 
ǰҪжӰ 
ֵͬʱͷ˸OKƣȻʧ⡣ 
УҵøǡΪΣĵ׷˳ȥ 
ҡҡͷ޿κεض˵һȥֻң͸˲ˣҲֻøȥˡú˯һġ 
ЦҲҪ㲻һ£Ҳȥˡ 
أһ׷һغܺ棬ŵһ 
ɴҲģ׷ҺˡЦеаˡ 
ΪʲôҪ㲻ģɵʡ 
ҧŴء 
ӦСӣ˭Ҫ׷㣡˵꣬׷Ҫ   
 ˵Ұ(2)   
߶˵ⲻ׷𡣡 
һסҿɫôǺúڷϢһ°ɡ˵꣬һ³һתҲ߿ˡ 
֪ΪʲôǾóΨһһӭֲˣ׳ԶԭҲһȫкӵľֲһŮɡǣֲҪμӵģǼ 
ųԶ̲סҾóϲСӺ񲢲ӭҼǵľֲҵĸоûɣ 
ŮӶ̬ȡһζӣѵΪȫҪϲ㣿 
ʲôֵġһۣһ˧˧ĿɰŮ 
Ӵͦġ 
㲻ΪȫŮϲ𣿡ЩŮӶӣӲСءٺ٣ӣϯӡ۳࣬Ӣѧûбܵϯӡĳƺˡ 
ֻҪһϲҾСЦӡ 
˭ 
㡣 
ЦҪʶȣɫ˵ȻһŤͷ߽Լķ䡣 
ιɵѾͷҲȥ߰ɡ׷ 
һŹˣŴ˵˭ɵѾͷҪȥҲһ˳ȥ˭Ҫȥѽ 
ûһѶϣһҲûУҲѾˡţ͵һЦվſڣѾͷ֪ס߰ɣûɡ£ԿĺýĶģƭ㣬߰ɡ˵һεһ˳ȥҲ·Ǻܶ𣿡 
˵ĻԽ˼ǿջǵģûĴôģûĺʲôӵģԼĶ̷̲סӦҪҵĺߡ 
ǣһֻ֣ģ֪һ˭Ҳ֪ĵطһ˵ĵطһССã 
ߣס֡ 
οİһЦ 
һȻȻһЦ 
һ㷢㶣ŽЦһ۾ 
֣һһţǵͶ°߲ĹӰڴԽʱһ 
19 
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˺ܾãԼ´һ޹²ݱ˽Ҳһԣ޹²Ϸ˵ϲ޹²𣿡   
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Һϲֺܲϲʼ¶׵ĳ£ƬɫĺУԵĸ˺͹¶ĿͶúԶԶԶýԼĿⲻܴõʲôطأ 
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֪޹²ݵĻ𣿡ĿȻͣǸԶĵطýеİһҲǸааġԵ 
֪ʵʵػشֻ֪õ廨ĻǡҰ㡱ɫܰĻǡף㽡 
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Ŷһǲ⻨۾еʲôϵѵڵʲôˣʧˣҪ˵ҲӦŶѽոʧˣ׼ȷ˵ʧǵŵŮǰӣǰӣͺˣȥһ£شţƫƫǰӣ̫ˣȻֻһΣɱϾˣܲȥѵѰɡ֪Ҫ£ȥʶӣͺˡ 
ӣˣˣŽ绰ӣҪȥҰӣ̸̸أǽһ֣ˡͳֻ˰יѵĵ绰 
˭һ۽ֻ 
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ܲšֻڶߣͨˣû˽켸£ȻҶˡģִ˼ΣǲһžıҶˡ 
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޹²ݵλһᣬѾ߳ȥԶˣֻøȥ 
񲻿ģǲ޹²ݹʲô䣿ܲƵĿ 
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Ըҵġϵ˵ 
ҺСʱ򣬸ĸ˻顣Ĭ˺ܾãؿڡ 
ҲĬһȻҲ˵ҺãҸͲ֪˭ 
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Ȼһĵߡ 
үүǳңҲ֪Ҳ֡үүеҪԸ⣬ҿϰүүԻ˵ǣҪʲôأһļ𣿡ǳƽ˵Լ˵һɵˣְָһǮ֪ҪʲôҲ֪Ψһ¾ƴػЩǮ֤һš   
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šûôɡ֪Ӧ˵ʲôãΪǮٿǣû뵽֡ǣãʵҲ˵һС˵ְȻڼңһܰ㣬Ȼ뿪ˣһвѵԭһҲ㡣 
ְֵİǮģأʮعңҲаҲ𣿡Цһ 
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ʱһִϸһǲǳͺͽֵ𣬻һȹӵŮ֪Ϊʲô£ָֻŵš 
ǲǳ𣿡 
϶ǽҵʲôˡ첽ȥһСܵظں档 
20 
һϳǸȹӵŮȻǰӣʲôѵҲ𣿽˲Ϊʲô¶ִĴѰҴţǣûӰ 
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ʲôпЦǸʶ˵ʶЦҲ̫ˣҲΪǿЦӣ÷ף˵ӻǺĿɰ 
΢Цض԰ӣ˵ɰּˡ 
ӣ̧۾Ȼһ˿Ϊ飬Լʧ̬ӳЦЦǰɡ 
ʶ̫ˡʹΪûаѷãͷ϶ðˣʶλŮôһоͺðˡ 
Ȼ߹˵ӣ㣬Ҫء 
ǶʶֵͬûһΨ²ңͽʶλŮ¾ҲˣҲˣԾûˡ 
ԭֵģߵԶԶӣһһߣʲôרĵؿţֵķӦô˼˵˼ͻ˶Է˼ֹȷˣϷͷжܵƺˮˮǰˮܰԼͷܵʪ͸ȻŵƵӣסĵվãðӣϣյߵӣǰĺߣվĿӣþõؿź棬һ߲ϵ̾Ϣţһֱ̾Ϣӣע⵽ĴڡȽϣȷӣѾȫòʱ̾һ˵һ仰װģˡȻ仰պҪðӣȻһɴػһĻߣһԾУʱˮĽϣϢû档   
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ӣһɱŵûʧɫ͵վһļУҪ 
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ӣʹѵؽһҵĽָ漴ڵϣСذЩƬ£ãռġվʱϣҲѾӺϰӣҪĽֵָȴ˵ԼŪ˽ָԹñˡڲɿβֵܵˣӣͽִֵܸһҲŪˡŹûôһ£ͽ͸ϵˡ 
һָʼĩҲ˰ӣеƬοӣ 
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21 
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˻Ӿ£һ˹һԡһ·׷׷򣬳ȪȺȥ   
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ȪȺһٶӣСǳ״һɢһСϣȪȪ֮˸ָĻСû޼Ҳûй滮ͺȻһţŵζ 
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ǲˣϣʡʱһȽϴԲεȪš 
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ݵʲôǣֵͷҲء 
ļһҡҡͷ˭Ҫǡ 
һʯͷϣ۾˵һܵģ 
һᣬȵ͸ϽԡȪߵһʯͷϣĴţȪ˲࣬ʱ 
Žú˵ˮԵøӾӨ۾ڵûݹȪݻòӦģҪǾ̫ȣ߰ɡ 
վ˵Լһߡ 
߹ֵܺŮݵȪأֵͬ˵ŮЦŮһ˫̥òУеǲЦȤš 
һһȪǰһȻԤϵһӣŰɫӾ£һεȪһ޴ʯţʯһȻǽСȪȪظ 
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ߵʯߣӣ˿ûвĵʯͷϵĸһ԰װ 
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֪ʹࡣֻ֪һѪܴ򿪰ӣ顣 
ȻӣȻתͷһӹ۾֪ЩʲôһЩӹĺ档 
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һжˡӣ΢˵ 
ľ𣿴Ų֪һĵȻĵ뿪ôԶҲҲ㣬𣿡Űӣ㻹ɱ   
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⣡ӣ΢ˡ 
⣡ЦһǸָ԰ɣһýڣ 
ӣò԰ˣڵҲؿڣ˵ţһжˡ죬ҾҪ뿪ȥ 
ӣλǡһߴ׳߹ĿӰӣƵϡ 
ǽҵѣҵδΡӣǿЦŽܡ 
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Ķȥˣɫԣ𣿡̧ͷŵɫԡվǰ 
ҡҡͷ˵ؼˡ 
ֿ˽ϵڶοϴڳϿĲȣθˡ 
Crybaby뿪һ죬᲻ˡðɣԭҴסһģڽСˣ̻ȥɡ   
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ɻҡڵøˣҪ׹ӡס֡Ȼһ빲ĸоԼ˿̽ϵһˡ 
22 
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¡˵ 
ɻôˣͽվǰ߼ɻ͵һ𣬰λϡ 
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ɻҡһΣҿʼתˡ 
޺𣿡ŵŻ 
Ҫɡ׼ˡôƽԽԽãҵ 
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λϷóɡ죬תӣҸϵϣ 
ڲľżһתӡظϵϽɡٿٸԼҲϵϣŽ˵ңһУ 
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ɻҡڵøˣҪ׹ӡס֡Ȼһ빲ĸоԼ˿̽ϵһˡ 
жߵſڣһţһһҲϵ˽ɡ 
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ҿˣעⱣ־룡 
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ˡѽƵš 
Уȴûнгһôգôߣô޿һ󷢺ڣϽ۾   
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һգֻԼصĳУʯͷһںڰмٵ׹ֹ׹׹ 
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¾ֲλ̬վںӱ߷ܾãֵܲ˵Ů˰ûĬеС 
23 
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Щ˼طſ֣˵㶼ɴŮˣˣղѧһˣ 
˸Ϳ£ôŸʲô 
Ϊţˣö˿Ů˵񡣽ңһں㡣׿Ž˵һ׷أҴСеΰ롣ڣһǰ㵱ҵðɣסˣ˭Ҫ۸ҵý绰ңҾĲһɵӣóʣץ𽪰֣дһ֣Ȼ۾һ˵ˣסҵĵ绰   
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ʲôŮ˵ģҼǵСʱô˵ˣŮˡһ㵽Ǽȥ迾ءѾûԹ˰ɣЩᡣ 
һȥ׳ӻ֣ؼ෴ķ 
Щؿȥ 
裬ҽ˭û߽žʹ 
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ڴߣʲô񡣲ÿҲ֪һڿǿī񡣰ǿصī񵽵ʲôĹأ 
裬īĹ°ɡһ̲ס˵ 
һ̧ͷһЦһһġī񣬺ȻʲôƵģʣ⼸ôȥֲѵˣ 
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һʱԭʱϵĵ绰룬һ类Ūģ壬һҲˡѽ˺üյһƨڴϣͣԼ 
𼱣Ȼڽô˵סڲԶĵطһ죬㻹ġŮļ򣬰οŮ 
ѽһģҲοԼ 
24 
ڿһŹˣʰ 
׼ʲôѽϲҲʰϵĶʵԴӴԺƺóĬ࣬ԭΪֻäĿذһ´Űˣû뵽Ѿͷ߻ħˡ 
˵ǶһЩǮ˼ҵĹСͼƻٵĶȼճ̣⼸춼˷̸ܵġʥбۺǵǺȡҲЩ˵һңԶ 
ŶϲĵӦš 
أʵ 
ҪȥҴš 
ϲ۵ĻشýһĿɿڴؿѾ˾ĵϲۡ 
һҪҵϲô룬ܲܣҲҪ˵ΪҲԼźϲۺһƵġһˣһ˸ıܶ࣬ϲۺһӱˣҲǸϲСϢķѾͷˡ   
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Ҿ⼸һƵġϲ۶Ž˵ 
ңϲǱһƵģû뵽ϲ۾Ȼ˵һƵģæʣұô䣿 
ǵģ㡣ϲЦЦأһϲʲôˡҲ²£һǡ 
Ϲ˵ʲôװӱȥ 
ãҲ˵Լסϲ˵߰ɡ 
˼粢ߵУſڡ 
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̧һϣǳҪǸĻһͳ档û뵽һ̫ĳ 
ϲڽ߶һ䣺þաȻӻ֣ԳЦ磬һ˵һתƮȻȥ 
Զȥϲۣ˵ꡣԼϲѾΪõˡǰСѾͷڣĬĬףԼԸҵ氮ϲ۽ȺУջĿ⡣·ߵϵƣУϵĴ֣ǲҲ˵ 
һӦôһŽмüģϵ˵ȣҴֲǸ 
Ǹÿ湻ʱƲƲ졣 
ΪԡЩ١С˵ 
ھͲˣ 
ʱһ㣬ͻƽӦòˡ㻹Ҳ̫˰ɣ˵Ͼͷżˣ˵ȥȼˣǾûǸˡ 
ߣٻ㲻˵Ҳ֪˳ֲһܸˡҵǸҲһ˼ǱƵģԲԣų 
۾һ£˵˵һ롣ҳϣǰǲ̫ӭŮֲ˳ȷʵһ¡ǸҸ˵Ը 
̹ϣǳķ֪̬ܲΪʲôǰ仯ô󣿡 
ҲǸϿҵ㷢룬ؾֲʡ 
ؾֲɵؿųʣ㲻ǲԸŮֲںò˳ˣҪһȥ 
ǵģؾֲ㡣 
ǲָʲô磿ҿֵܺǲǾΧ׼Ц 
ڸ𣿡 
ȷʵ񣬲ϴֱɻϵĶҲԼѽ 
һεǸ 
ˣҽܵǸת׼߿Ҳٻصֲ 
ΪҲ𣿡ֱ롣 
ΪʲôΪǼһҾҪؾֲװֱ˰ƭֲ𣿿Ϊʲôֻе٣ûϢǺļһʲô˼ͣһ£ӡ 
ڼֱһˣŽıӰе 
һˣ 
Ųϲۺһˣϲ˵Լһˣڣ˵һˣ춼ôˣħ   
 ûĬеС(6)   
׷Ͻ첻˵һ仰Ҳȥ棬ϿΣֻƴϰӹ㲻֪Ǹֲӣͨ죬һҺȥֱ۾Ҫˡ 
ͣ 
У˺ܶ࣬һֻè಻˶٣ҿһˡһб򶯣ٲһ䡣 
ʲôϵ˵Ҫٲǰ 
ͣһж˳ֲʼġ 
عͷ 
Ҫȥ˼ҵ˼ʵڿȥˡֻǽҰ㡣ߵĸǰһСӡѺӵݸ 
ӺƯǵɫģоµĻƣȸβᡣ 
˿ԥһ£ӹ򿪡 
͵һ۾һʱЩֱһС޹²ݣɢ΢΢µĺߣǸССã緭ڵɫ޹²˻ɫ˻д׳µ꣬Ŀ⣬ңԶɴҵ޹²ݵм䣬Ȼһīôô 
ī 
ǵõһѵʱī񣬲ᣬΪ϶ûû뵽ˣһסˣסˣһҵһī 
һīһԴһɢصջ󡣽ɵñԻˣһʱ˵ 
ҵһζһŮ˵ô໰˵ȷʵģ֮ǰܴܲӦңصֲ˵һĻɣֲѾ벻ˡߵӣֲ𣿡 
Сӣص˵ͷ˹ƻһ룬īһʲôħ 
ϻϲõɫ˦˦ͷܿһתͣУԱߵһɫС 
ظīīıϣһССĶƺõġ 
25 
ߵʱ򣬽̤Ͼֲ̨ס 
ţƿŽȥﾲĵģһҲûС 
֣Ϊǻһ쵽ֲһжӻӭء 
֪⼸ڸʲô»᲻ѧӾϵһףsurpriseͻȻӽʲôģȻһСӭ 
Ųŵƿһš 
˭Ҳû 
ⷿûˡԻˣûˣʲô 
ôţһš 
 
˶£˫һɫֱεĲݵϣšӣػһһؽ׼ŻȥĽ¶һѰɫ 
ˡ 
ڿտϴúԶ 
վſڣؿһת߽רõԡң¹óһû˶˶ЬϡȻߵҲһɫ˫ֽסģŸղſƣһӡ 
£еظŻӹĶ 
ͻȻһӹ˵һһббط˳ȥ   
 ûĬеС(7)   
ͷҲ̧˵㲻ҡ 
û˻ش 
һһббطɳȥ 
ԣļõģô΢΢תͷˮڽëϣģؿһݵӰӣȣ̶̵ͷҡҡͷĨ顣 
Ӱ 
ûǽ΢΢سЦţ۾һ΢΢ 
һλָ̡vһ̧ͷͷû뿪һ 
ЦɵΨһһο꼻ŵ龰꼻Ҳأһһúϲã͵ȴ 
ģӦóôɣЩѣ 
΢Цţ͵һһĻߣһƯطš 
ѧӣ͵һ߸ߵա 
ͬʱ̧ͷŰɫ򣬼ٵžһǵм䡣 
˲ԼͬشЦ 
ͽʶһЦЦһв죬ʹǺʶһΡ 
ͻȻֹͣЦؿһǵ飬ô棬ӦԵ̫ҲȻ޹ 
ôˣҲͣסЦ 
ûʲôɡȻһЦ 
УͻȻ˹ 
ӭӣ 
һͷλ˧磬һ٣һμʱһſڷߣЦŽ 
Ȼ𳵶ǾĻֲѾ벻ˡ︡һͬĻѾ벻ֲˡ۾ʱЩǸ˧ĹЦġʿˮչһЦݡ 
һˣ 
Ү˧绶ܹĸĲʴƿͻȻϷһĸ˵У顱ƿڱɫĲʴ̻һڽͷϡϺϣھֲÿһͷϡϺϡ 
Ц߽С 
ǰһһ˦ͷһǣϲǿı飬ǻĵ΢Ц 
żڵг̣ 
ǣһһȾ˻׼ľ 
̫ˣֿȥˣʹѧ˶ϻʤ˶Աƣſ˫ۣ򳡿 
Сֵ꣡ܳҪѽ̧գæ㵽 
һ飬ֱܲܲɻˣµ˵ 
ȻֱɻֻһĿĵءʱֲʱǲŶֱɻҪĻǿȥ˵ 
һһ顣һ¡ 
ʲôһ˵ѾһȦ˵ģ۾Եøˮˡ 
ֲкƯò˼飬ǣúֻ˧磬ûгСһ 
ҽ飬Ҳȥǣ֪˧綼ǽʳĹӸ   
 ûĬеС(8)   
·ֵЦŽӿڣʣһ壿 
ȫ¸ߡҵ˵϶ܺ棬˱رĶһװˣʲôҪͳԳվı㵱ܺóԵģҸԹģƭǡ 
¸ߣͺͽֵȫûг˼ 
ԥͬˣ˵ⲻǳ¸ߣһ٣߱ȫҾô 
ãֲ̽ռǡʽͷ 
ԣ̽գֵҲʶȫصŮ̫ˣ˵úȫŮڵȥʶһ 
⽫һΰ٣Ԥʦһ֣µز䡣   
 ޹²֮(1)   
ѹôϲ޹²ݣеźҪߣͿΪʲôֺϲֺܲϲɫġĻѵ޹²Ҳīһй£ 
26 
¸߳վ 
ţбţп͵ɫСģڽض복վԾֱڳվȾֲλ˧ǡ 
ٿԾ棬Цúϲ£죬Ǹλ˧һֱƮƮȻĸоˡ 
ôֱ 
Լ˾ŵӵģһǰʮӡ 
͵ 
͡ͽֵܣǶúУһڿ첽򽪰߹أôˣĿԽǣ 
˵е°סˣܿͻ˽ɻ󣬽͵ 
ͺͽֵЩؿųվĻͳվСĿĸʳƷǸеȤҪǽǿһҲᵽֵط˳һΣÿ˶˼ʱȥ˵˼ҵı۲ȡ˳¸ֲôڵĻᣬÿ˻ģһÿε绰ؼұƽ 
ѾŵʮˣûпӰӣֵеסˣ˰ɣ 
Բᣬֱ˵ұ֤Ҫһӣͻſڡ 
ôһ˵ҵת˳վڡ 
ȻӰſڡ 
ҵ۾ȴˣ 
Ϊ߻վһλƯȹӵĳŮŮ֣ܵضЦţ 
۾ɵĵȻǽˣʲôȻһŮ֣ 
ģһ¡ 
ʶβֹǽֵܣͺͽһͬغ 
кϷˡ 
ʲôϷһкϷֵܿʼ˷ 
ưɡ˵Ůһ𶼻ᶷοǡ 
ʲôĸҹ𣿡ʹ 
ꡪָߡ 
˵ţǸĵŮѾֵ˹ 
޿κεؿ˳һֿۣ˽һۣҪɿĵ֣ȴŲš 
һ£ǽ͡ʺͽϣʣʶý˰ɡһһǽܸģȻǽģģմӢ 
һ㣬δޡ󷽵ػһĸˣĿ䵽ϣԸݲô̫ʧһ仰ǶԽ˵ġ 
΢΢һЦԿźܽ˵˵С㣬Ǽഺӭʱ롣ѼഺĶǼഺֲľˡһͻȻùĵģĵһĶ־ 
δޣôǶֵ֪ܿ飬ǵ¶ҪϷı顣 
үүһµʱµġ͡   
 ޹²֮(2)   
磬㲻үүһִ𣿡Ľεε˵󱲵ģɲܷ˳⣬˵ǲǣ 
Сӷôؾɣѵðѵáش⣬룬Ҷ죬㻹Щ 
ϸشһ½ҶиԵĶ̷СԲɫƤ⻬þˣСѾͷøɾҰʮ㣬ټݣ治Сˣ˾С 
ôͽϷˡתͷ 
ͣͷʲôȻû˵ʲôۼ⣬ϷС 
ţ̫ȣСİ취鲻顣͵Ĵ۾תת˸׵ɡ 
취Ա˲һУһ顣۾ 
˴ǹལˣˣϽϳָʻг 
͵ڶţȺгĻȫûˣ˭Ҳ˵ʲô 
27 
˳ڹߵλֵܡͺͳڹұߣֻһĵĺ档 
һ·ϣĲϵظ˵ʱطЦ˵ʲôһȤҲûУҲΪĵѹúֱܵͣ൱ڶֵʲôԶһ£ǲʱԶݡڱĿŴ۾гţ¸߶˵̫ȤˡеڸղŲһ㣬ֹο϶ĵСʲô䵱˼еĴݣ˿ĺףﲻһЩʧ䡣 
гССͳ 
ֱѾ͵ʱˡ 
۾Ա֣鷳߸㵱 
æֹ˵Ҵ˺óԵġ 
óԵģֵֹͣǵִʲôó 
ȥֱɻǰԵĿˮ˳˷ܵش֪ʲôһԲԣ 
΢ЦŴ±ͳӣ϶дŴġ顱֣ӣЦͲ¶ˣԽһ 
ûϴԵѽֿŵ촽ҪҸ㣬һιһγء 
ûϢ 
ԵģȻٲˡѺӷϣش򿪣һζ˱ǶŸʽɫ˵ζ̫ˣǰкü˻ͷԴػͬǡ 
찡Щֱǹɫˣֵܾ̾ 
˵һдĻͳǺٺٵЦ 
ɣ˵˵ 
ͼɴ߹ȥһԲεǳɫȴյӵ£һ۾һⱲҲûŹôĶҷģķˮҲܸζȡ 
ǵȻķˮֲܵԡҲһ   
 ޹²֮(3)   
ֵͿ׼˳ζһץһ 
һԵݸ 
С㣬ĿҲݹгԱСؽе鷳㣬ݱ㵱 
ģ 
ԲҲܳĶҲԣҳԶġ 
ġ 
С㣬ԲԣǲˡĻɫ˵Ͷ 
ŶԭġܽӢѧܲװİ˵ 
ԣġҲʲôɳܵģҴСΪȫ裬˭ҲôóԵҲΪӢѧʲô˲ġ˵ 
ϧֻԷڵ˭ģΪɷֶܿɡĿеûУҪҳԱ㵱 
ģܺóԣ԰ɡе㿴ȥˡ 
˵ֻǽ 
վ򽪰ӡ 
òǰŻغӣȻĳԱ㵱ɣʧؿ 
ֵ͡ȫֹͣ˳ùĹĵģĿһͶϣֻطŻغӣĵ¶΢ЦŽʧ룬PKһغϣʤô˵ҲδܲŽСѾͷɣ 
ҵϷ׷¶ʧɫ 
ضιһҪ˵ֻ֣һһԽЦЦˣԲ𣬽Ҫٳһˡ 
ΪʤϲϿһǰһֻͣҪϲԣҲ㣡 
۴УιӦҵǸأ 
´μӱˡſͣҧһ㰡⿴ɫ΢΢׵һۡ 
С㣬ı㵱ԱСؽġ 
Ҫˡתͷȥ⡣ 
28 
һվӼҵĶȼٱˣ³վ 
ӼұĹܼڳվǡ 
үѾȫʰˡܼǸЦеӣӵӼ̫үĵ绰͸ϽӿվӶүǡ 
һ 
һ·԰ڳﳤĺһһľ̾Ұ۵ˡĵ 
ΪһغϵʧζһۣסȽ˳һȥ˼Ϊ⣬һغԼѾӮˣһΰɣ̵ּСһʶܴȵ롣 
һֱŴͻȻһָŴ⣬쿴ѽ 
һƬޱ޼ʵɫĻ 
ˣæµ綯΢΢˽ 
޹²ݣ   
 ޹²֮(4)   
ҵ죡ôޱ޼ʵ޹²ݣ 
ѹôϲ޹²ݣеźҪߣͿΪʲôֺϲֺܲϲɫġĻѵ޹²Ҳīһй£ 
ǲϾ͵ˣʿĹܼ̫̫һĸȧǵŮˣˬӣһͶ˺øС 
ô֪ܼ̫̫ӷ⾵￴Ůһۡ 
Ϊ޹²ݡĿ̲סͶƬ˾ĶǵɫС 
һǶүĺѰɣүǲǶἰֿ̫̫ŮһۣŮƽϣȴһֵ 
ûжҲ֪㲻ĺѡ˵ɿ˿ǰ濪ŵĳδޡǸӷŹġ 
ô֪ģҶ֪Ȥʡ 
Ҳµġش˳ǸɫСӣ޹²ܣҲͬܣ֪֪֪īҲǵܡһܣֻӵУôӦõ˰ɡеġԼ˵ǰĽһֻ趷죬ʲôˡ 
ɫĻﴩһᣬҺɫĴһֿˣͣһƯİɫⶥǰ 
³ݺݵغصζ޲ɫУһһڻﾡζ 
̫ˣ 
֪Ӧñʲô𺶵޹²ݣֻһͺ۵޹²ݣ۳һƬʱȴܵߵֻſ˫ۣ˵̫ˣ 
һؿһɫ˿סڱǣ·߽ޱߵɢĻȳĲг 
磬ΪʲôǼҵıΧȫֵ޹²ݣĵ˿󴫳ʧȥζ˸ðһŨŨı 
Ϊһϲ㲻޹²ݺ𣿡ޱߵɫϸֳ˺㯣ֱ齪֪˵ԴͷƬ޹²ݰɡ 
ϲ㲻֪Ҷ޹²ݵζ𣿡·Ϊ֤ĻƵģ˵仰磬ͨ졣 
ʲôԾؿģȻ 
Բ𣬿ǣģǳ˰ʱһ棬İˡ˵⻰ʱ̬䵭Ŀ⻹ƮңԶĲΪ֪ĵط 
ģ硣䵭֪Ϊʲô֪޹²ݹ󣬺ܲһңԱߣЩҲ˵һǹ߽ѾͷԼİˣѵһǸƽҵĺ޽ѾͷľҲ䵭Щ磬үүҪúչҵĻ뿪뿪Щɶ޹²ݡ 
ԼҪġĿ⻹ûջáɶ޹²ݣ䵭ˣҸ߹㣬Ǵ¸ߵģ˽ҳȥ棬뵽Ķ͵ĶȥҲģ˵࣬ҷСƢ   
 ޹²֮(5)   
ǵģ˵û뵽ȫ޹²ݵĵطί˵ 
ģҾﳤġУȶг̣ġǴҵľ˭Ҳ֪޹²ݹعͷԹܼ̫̫˵鷳㣬ȰСķϢɡȳȥߣһСʱ԰׼á 
磬Ҳȥż֡һſ˵˵ִ̫һ磬æ˿־ס졣 
㻹ȥϢɡתӡ 
29 
СʱһƬ޹²𣿡ƽƽ̧һһ޹²۵Ļӹ 
ԶԶں档ֵѾ֪ܵĶȥˡ 
ǵģҼ𡣡޹²ǰǺ䵽ĳһңԶĿռ 
룬żװʣ޹²ݣй𣿡˵仰ʱǰԽ˵Ļ裬īĹ°ɡΪʲôҪôĹأô಻Ϊ֪Ĺ¡ 
û뵽ܸɴػش𣺡ûС 
ǣΪʲôôˡ 
ĬˡϦѾ׹䣬һƽڻϣһƬİϡ 
ڰİһȻ˳ĬƬ޹²ǰְµġ 
Ŷûдǻ룬һԺְޱ޼ʵ޹²ݣҲޱ޼ʵ˼ޱ޼ʵĵȴ 
ɫ 
ȥɡ˵ 
ĬĬǰţںšһͣ򽪰ڻ谵пı顣ԥһ£ذַС 
޹²ݵĪˣˮϯλꡣ 
 
 
ԶԶش˳͵ĺ 
ڰ޹²ϿմȥԶԶ 
ͻʱ򣬹ܼ̫̫ѾˣֵҲ֪ʲôʱˣŰɫĲǰסضԲϷʢĲʿˮһĸ߽˵شˣΪǳ޹²ݳԱء 
һܣûпġ 
ܼ̫̫˿Сĵ˵үС˵ͷΣͲˡӼҵϹܼˣ֪ĸĹϵ 
ŶһԸܼ̫̫̣СԵʲôһݰɡ 
ʹˣС˵ʲôԡү㻹ȥСɣɫܲá 
һüͷ˵öҿɡ 
ͱ߳Ա²ʣôһƬ޹²ݣӼǲϣһҵأ 
ҡҡͷ 
Ǽô޹²ݣռôأΪʲôͺˡ 
ţţ˵ְͣ㲻Щ޹²ݺ𣿡 
ǺǣΪ˹ͣ˷أתͷʽֵܣǾأ 
ֵ̻ʣֻһͷȻһҡҡͷﺬءšš   
 ޹²֮(6)   
ǵʲô˼ǵͷҡͷģ֪ԣһǵӡͺܲصŽֵܡ 
ֵܺòʳϣȿڣ˵ͦ˷ѵģôһƬأֵǮİɡ 
ҪӼҲ˷ѣǵĵǾˣô֪Ӽҵأʽ˵ 
û¾ͶԵ㣬Щ޴ˡϣʱ˵˺һȡ 
ȻʲôƵģʳ׼漸죿 
˵ƻ죬ǼȻĶ޹²ݹ̰ɣ㿴ôѯ 
ÿϧź˵Ҽֱٽ 
ҪϲĻԺˡ˵ 
Ŀ𣿡۾¶˷ܡ̫ˣ֪ԼΪʲôôϲ޹²ݣҲϲİɡĲϲ޹²һġ 
ƫģءֵܴС 
ֲϲ޹²ݡһۡ 
ϲ̫̫ĲѽֵܹЦ 
վһԵĹܼ̫̫ˣ¶ȰЦݣӭǳһкܶ˻ûüأ׼Ĳˡ 
лл㣬̫̫´һҪֺòȫԹһ顣ʺܹɵ˵ 
ϣʵȻֻõܵˣǻҪѰ̫̫㲻ֵĺòҲسһ顣 
仰һƬЦнˡ 
ķ䰤ĵķ䣬߽ԼķǰķĶʲôҲûУĺ˯ˡ 
ܴɫǵģ԰ɫ׺ɫǽǵģǰ׵ϻģĴǴɫģǽϹһ޹²ݵͻһɫƿһ޹²ݣǵ޹²ݵζ֪ǴӴģǻƿ޹²ɢġ 
ƿԡҵţոµĵɫԡۣԡһС̨ϣ̨Ҳһɫƿֻ֦޹²ݡ 
ڵ޹²УһʷʵԡڷˮУԼûһǿ޹²ݣȫɢ΢΢ζ     
ഺ    
ڰ ԭʼɭ̽ռ(1)   
£һеģһԲСͷһۣһҧһ󣬿һ£ͷѵ 
30 
Ҳ̫˰ɣõЩ𣿡һظڳ档 
ҲǴСˡŮ˳ºţп㣬˶ЬĵĳͷҲƤҲɾ䡣 
˵õŻòţҪȥԭʼɭֹ԰ֻǸ԰ʵһƬԭʼɭ֣οʱܵһЩ޵ϮǲԼ˵ߵ̫ˣҪҹԣһбرƷҲôϡɫ˵ 
ôΣգǻǲȥ˰ɡһվΪɳ̲òãǿԳˣչԡɳ񣬺òã 
ԿӾװŮֵܴЦΪɭ̽գǻǷŮĴûᡣ 
ͶƱɣ˵ 
ɭ̽գͺԥ 
ɭ̽գ˫֡ 
Ŀ 
ĴӣûпκˣòˣͶʲôƱǶһ١ʧƿĿ⣬ҲһҪȥɳֻ̲ϣ֧һԼˡĻʾһ֧־ͿˡϾ߸Ѿ˱̬Ҫȥɭ̽գ˵ȥɳ̲Ҳı䲻˴ҵľǲԸվһߣ䡰һվȥɳ̲İοûС 
ɣһվȥɳ̲ô͸ĵ˼ 
⡣ֵܻӾװŮһ˵лᣬȻ˫޳ɡ 
ôˡһģɫ 
һ㣬ȥɭ̽յгûеģ˶֪ĵ绰㱨˭Ҳ͸¶ҪüΪǵġ䡣 
ȻˣҪǲϳֱɻŹأͷ 
ԭʼɭ֣ôֵ̼Щɴˣǿɣ 
һ˹԰ֱרǰһߴţд˼صīɫ֣ԭʼɭֹ԰ 
ˣһ󻶺 
ֲ״̽ջʽʼǶ׼𣿡һʯͷһ 
Үһ󻶺ĵҲ¶˷ܡ 
ͣӱͳһַÿˣԸǰȡʵˣҪһЩС߻ǵĿͲЩУֻɭֹ԰һжָӡʾȡܿأҶѰýģֻģ߰ġ߹ȥ£ܿˡĸмضЦЦ˼صͷĵЦ̫ˡ 
ɭ֣ߴľգʱеһһ߽졣 
ѽֵ²ͷЩߴÿҵľ˵Ҽֱ벻Щͳˡ 
ǿʼءǰ棬عͷЦЦĻںͷء   
ڰ ԭʼɭ̽ռ(2)   
쿴Ұã˷ܵشС 
һһҵӰ·һܽһԹľ 
˵һֻꡣ˵ 
ҿĳͺ۾ˡ 
ߣһָݴС 
ôߣϣʵ¶ֵɫ 
ļһͷ˵˵ϡ 
ܹȥʽֵܡ 
Ϲ˵ 
̧ͷԼڳĻ⣡̺ˣæվãһãûпһĻҲװûĲ롣 
ȻֵܹЦ 
´ôҧǵ죬ǻЦó޺޵ؿŰ׽Ū˵ֵ˵ 
һĵ÷ߡǰ˳һ֦֦ȥͳһӣŹӣžشһ·ߵĲݴԣһһУݾʽ 
СĴϣҧָͷЦ 
ԽԽɭ֣·ԽԽխԽԽߣʼ˴ʯͷ¡ɽ·ʧˣ˭Ҳûע⵽ʲôʱʧ 
Ц˵ԽԽˣϢԽԽˡӺǵĽºͷԾҲǵȤˡÿ˵·ˮ͸ϡͷҲʪܵڶͷϡϡ 
ʵ߲ˡһƨһúڵϡѾĴϣҲŮŮˣҲͳǿ˿־ˣ첲Ӳź 
Ϣһ°ɣ˵ 
ͣţԵ㶫߰ɡ 
ԭ£ó͹ͷˮ 
㣬Զûôͱ߳Ա̾ 
óԵһֵ͡˵ 
ÿһͶóԵġͱˣͲǵúóԲóˡ 
ϧǰģȥģʲôãһˮ 
㶣⻰Ӧ˵İɣ 
31 
ʲôͷ 
ͣšǰһ󡱻ĺƺܴ󣬺񻹰¡¡Ļ 
ٲ϶˵ 
ģٲ񣬡죡ȥ 
ǵĽŲЩ·תǰȻʡǰħһȻһ٣齦񣬴Ӽʮ׸ߵʯϳк䣬׳ÿֻþΪ֮һˬٲֻһɽңһЩˮ鶼ǵˣһһε 
ȥֵܵʯ߹ȥ 
Сĵ㣡ǡ 
ֵֻǻͷЦЦһǵӰʧʯ 
ϵۣ찡ʯֵĽֱɾ 
ģУϣʡʣ˵Ǳʲô 
޷ݣ֪ˣ 
һæʯһֻڻʯڣŲŲм䣬̲ס¿һۣĽȣһѣԼпָ֢ˡ֮ҡһ¡   
ڰ ԭʼɭ̽ռ(3)   
ʽʯסʯڲҪҹȥ㡣ҡһ£ɵô󼱣ȥʯ򽪰ȥһһ߰ο¿ҡ 
סŽĵСŵɷס 
Լֺͽſʼҡһ£ĲСһ 
ʱץס˽֡ 
סʯǰŲڡ߼ᶨ˵ 
̧š΢ţĽź޻һȫʹ 
ս֣˵ǵϴɡôߣôߵĸ߿գ㶼ȥˣҲûң£߹ȥġһС 
ڿкַ龰Ȼܶγ֡ɵôӯôɣ 
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¿ 
ԥһ£ĳּᶨԹԵصͷȻĿʯƿͶµɽǣһѣæ۾ 
Ҫ۾ҪʵĿ⣬¿ɽģǺȫûκοµĵطڿɷһ 
ſ۾øģһССѣʹ۾ɽˮģһƥɫĶӡʯϿźܶССĻڷҡҷţһЩСббشӱڷ֣ʲôƵġ 
Ǻ 
񣬾ԼҲһ꿪ССݣȵϡ 
㲻ٺˡˣսʤԼ 
ǵġ 
Ŀָ֢Ȭˡ 
ǵģô֪пָ֢ɻؿ˽飬û߹κпָ֢ѽõѶ֪Ϊһѿָ֢һܴ㣬ݡ 
ڷɻϿġ 
˫īһ۾һ˫۾ˣ͸һϸеİɡ 
û°ɣǺ 
ûˣȹȥǸŹɡԳ˵꣬ͷԽ˵ɿˣ𣿡 
һЦ˵Ȼ˵꣬һֻС¹һӯԾʯ 
ȷʵɾ 
ʮ׸ߵٲֱкǴϴµİǰǲʺ磬Ϊˮֽ߲ʵĹâЩâϻûţûֻвŻֵѣĿĹ⣬ˮĻ͸ٲһ̶ܴԶǱĵɫ߽ȴ峺ףĶʯԲɰ̶߳˸ɫҰеķ˶Ӻݣ󷽣е۽ˡһɽ̶ѻɽҡ 
Ҫϴ裬ǶѽĿ峺̶ˮ 
ѽһ̾ģ͵Ҳϴ 
ǶûӾ¡ź˵ 
ǵһβҩζĽ̸峺̶ˮҲ峺͸ 
а취ͳͳתȥϴô·ˣתʱת   
ڰ ԭʼɭ̽ռ(4)   
һǲԾأɣȻصʯǱȥǱ߿ˮ̶ıϾǸŮǾòġ 
ιģҲ̫ˣôĵطռѽϣʽ 
ǣǱȥ֤˵˭СŮһҪǵɳ̲ٴ۸Ҳѽʽ˵ 
˵˭СŮһǵͨ졣 
˭Ҳ˵ʻһЦԼ 
㡭׷˹ȥ 
ˣˣСˤȥɾΣˣλСţҵǣǻɭڼӾأһʲôҰϮǣҲѽʱʱĴݡ 
һҲеһһɨǣ˵˰ǣ˭Ҳתӡ 
ҷġλˢؾ֡ 
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ܿ·һһ̶УһƬˮ 
ѽĽģŤˣ 
ɲԲҪУġ̲ס˵ 
Ҳġϣ˵ 
ѽǡ 
· 
壬ĽּʵؿţžӨļúܺáЩؿ˽һ̶ۣˮһСƬˮԼϡ 
Ӻˮﵮά˹أɡʱֵܶЦĭͱǵά˹ͷԼСŮһ壬ɫƤʲôʱܱɰѽ 
̶ˮʱˮɵ˽ϡһһƬˮȥһһߴЦš 
һ㶣ȻǷһҲһƬһƬˮ򽪰ػ 
ղŻһŮЦţԷʹˮ峺̶ˮ׷ţϷţЦصɽС 
ףͿ 
ϷĿʼЦЦ˵ŮӣǲĶһ·϶ѶԷ顪Уڵֳһˣ治һ˵һ߿ 
ŮҲͦõģһһЦһһġ͸̾ 
㳤ôƯôԡϣЦ 
ʽ˵ʱ;ǸŮŮװм䡣 
Ҵ򣡡սȭͷЦʻӹȥ 
ʱȻֻİһҽС 
ôˣλҪͷ 
ͷС 
ôˣغ 
ߣߣСһĳĶҧסĽֺͷɿڣһˮֱͣؼУ죬ң 
żҲûа취Ϊ֪ҪǿģһɱġֻñǣҽУ 
ץסߵߴ硣 
ģ£ˮһûжġ 
Уģ㲻Ҫټˡ   
ڰ ԭʼɭ̽ռ(5)   
סϰ 
£һеģ 
ĸһҲû˱ͼУʲôҲ֪ˡ 
ɷһֻذģһֻսսץȥߴ磬ߴ磬ҵϵۣߴˣ˻߻ӣʹԼŻµĸо˳ߵȥʹһ£һϻˣɥʧ˵ڶȥߵȻûصȥ죡ιȥˣûİ취ˣֻסθķںĿ־壬ʱ£һеģһԲСͷһۣһҧһ󣬿һ£ͷѵ 
Ҳ̲סˣһ˦ȥԶһڣ˹ȥ 
ôˣУҪû£ͱĥǴˡϣͷôˣһ룬Լʵڵ͵Ĵɫǵסˡ 
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УѾιȥˣιȥǲСǴ۸˵˭̶֪ﻹûбˣһУٰҲҧˣǸô죡ҪǿҪǿǿ˶񣬴һþĴˮһһϰĿӵģû뵽ͦзġ۵ÿŰŪ̶ߵһƽĴʯͷϡϢһԼȴ·ٸĲӣæҵظ· 
ù̫ùˣȻҪ߰òѱ˷ĽС㡣 
ǿԹˣŪѰɡؽ 
һգۣȫܵĵߡ 
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˵ˮûж𣿡 
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ҲܸԲѵ°˵أ 
ԣ 
 
һߣʶûһ¡˵Ϲʲôιȥѡ 
ѽĽֺͷûбأָĽֺͷССӡֻһѪ˿ڲûбɫǱҧġ 
ллأؿڻһʮ֣Լ˱ֺͷجˡ 
ڽȴĹеסеίֱƴߵԴܾŵĳ̶ȱй֮޲ֻΪĳǿһЩûιȥȻûһ˹ʺ˵ˣҲûУ 
ЩǱǵģûпôȵġ 
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ǣһУ˫أͷһҵ·ôϵģѵǡؿ˿ǣĵĲ˭ŪϰģЩǲǶ塣ųһ亹   
ڰ ԭʼɭ̽ռ(6)   
ҷģؾ 
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ĵĽֺͷٲ̶ҧһڣɭ̽ձֹʵҲģҪ̽յģΪˮ¼뵽һ⣬ûдҩһжߣô죿ǵȫ⣬̽ջֹ 
ɭֹ԰ɳ̲ΣȻСܶࡣ 
ɳ̲£ӲӵĹ⣬ѹҪȡɳ̲ˡ 
ɳ̲Ů˧ȺȻҲι״ĸΡֵܿʼĿϾˡ 
ǱߣиɫŮ 
ʲô۹⣬ǾͽоɫǸƼûУǲŽԸ 
ԸУһѷ⣬ԸУ 
ˣϴڨǸŮǲһѷأ 
ϲǸҮ 
㡭 
㡭 
ֵֿʼִ 
䣬˵ˣ˶ǿء 
û㡣 
ʲôأ 
Ϊ㳤Ѿͷ˾ϲˣ 
񣡡 
 
ֵһ¶϶䣬Ķӡ 
˭ʲô㱨֣ٻŷɢľֲԱǡ 
ˡֵ졣 
ĦͧͲʾ 
ɳ񡣡Ĳϲ̼ 
ͽأʡ 
Ŵ󺣾ˣͽͬ˵˵ֵضһ£ 
ĵĿӹͣڽϣŵһЦɣ棬Ǿɳɣ 
ҲЦЦˣȥɳɣ￴ҵڶο࿴˵ɳҲʲôҲᡣ 
ߵһ˱Ƚٵĵطɳ̲ϣϥǲ£ֱ֧ϥϣŴ󺣣տ̫ˣʹ涼΢΢ˡ 
֪ΪʲôЦĽһڴǰͻƽЩ 
ҲǰҾһ㣬ֵš 
ҿ𣿡 
һϤİ 
ڤ뱻ϣӣ̧ͷһ˫۾ǳףô־ϲΪ绰ŪˣԶҲҲء벻ǻ棬̫ˣ 
ǲǺ⣿׵Ҳоϲ֮ɫڽߣԶԶΪǺ¥ 
ôС͵ĺ¥Ц 
㻹ôЦ׿˵Ц۾һ촽ţˣӳˣСʱһģһ 
㲻һˣ۾ôƯ㶼ɴˡͷˣ˺ӡ׸磬벻Сʱ򳤵ôƯСкھȻ˺ӣЦ 
ΪʲôҴ绰׺Ȼʣ첻㣬ǲһֱҵ绰 
΢΢һ죺ţģѺдҵһؼңһ   
ڰ ԭʼɭ̽ռ(7)   
Цˣҵĵ绰һȥˣôϰˣѧץһҲϴ֣ǸޣϰֱҲûиĵѽ 
ãˡץһɳӣȻǴָϸϸ© 
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ǡûпգ˵ҲûǮ档 
΢Цһ£ѧɣ 
üѧء΢΢һ£ǶȥˣȻҸܡˣ׸磬һ𣿡 
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ǵأԭŶڣѸʶһ¡ 
彿 
һͷĺ֪ʲôʱ˹˫˫վ 
վֵӹ򵥵ظ˽ܡ 
׸磬ףġ 
׸磬Ŷתͷ̧۾ߺͳ׵˸ţĵȻЩԻ 
Ǻǵһμ档˵ڳϿ׺ͽֵ龰 
ǵģһμСʱһԺﳤġײ 
С޲£һкܶ°ɣĵĹԵúܲ 
Ǹ֮䣬һ΢ĵ˵񶼺֣׵֣׿ĵ֣Ŀų׵֣˵֯һ֣һźֺܴܼܹܵͣھ֮ٵֺԶնЩ۸ӵ˿ 
ĸֵĳĬС 
Բ𣬡״˳ĬҪһˡ 
˿ų׽ýӰʧԶȺС 
׸磡ĵ绰룡ȻûٸҪ绰룬һҪ׷ȥ 
׸񲢲µ绰롣˵ֵֹġ 
㲻֪ĵ绰ĵҲֵֹġ 
ͣ½ŲĲ绰룬׷ȥΪȻһϴ绰ʱҲԤϵΪ뱻ĨɡǣؼûгûаĺŪأѵڶʲôЦˣǺ˼룬ʲôöĵأ 
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ëëŵģҺò׶ĳǱŪˡֵؿһ磬һǹģ㲻ɳ񣬶԰ɣ 
Ϊ⣬ɳϣȻĲɵصͷ 
ȥͧɣҺܾûˣòã磿 
ؿһۣΪᷢƢɳϣĲûзƢҪȥܸͧıһ˵ء 
㲻ǲϲͧղŻ˵ͧͷΡ   
ڰ ԭʼɭ̽ռ(8)   
ͻȻԳ˷˵ĸоִҪȥ 
룬ʽȥͧɡɡһɵĸоء 
ڿеڣԼȻЩָо֪ںôģȤðˬشӦˡ 
ܿһҿͧ 
ǵϿͧϳɫľ£ǰͧץס˷̣е׼𡣡 
ʼɡе˷ܵشش 
ֻһᣬͧʼźɳӶӹ·Ҳͧһ֧ˮǰȥ˻ƿֻװ׵֣ץסʲôûץסͱ˦ȥˣֻ޿κεش󺣡 
оôغ 
ʲôֻڶȴ˵ʲô 
оôغ 
̫ˣؽˣԼ˻һ³飬ﵽԶĵطȥ 
ͷһۣĳһһԷ衣ܰףʯֲ԰ף˵ǹķɫĲҲеܵĸоͻȻãĺر˵źʱ 
ע⣡Ҫˣ۾ 
ˣ 
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󺰣Ҫ֪ʲôٶȣҪǸоڷ裡 
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ǵĿͧԽԽԶѾ뿪˰ȫȻ 
ɳ̲ļķƫ˰ȫĿͧæӷѶţŵӷһҿͧʻȫɿͧס 
ף 
ͻȻѵ£վڿͧǰͷſ˫ۣơ 
ˣЦ 
ûڽʲô߹ȥ£ƴشУģΣգ 
۽ƳĵľٶŵҲУģſΣգϽٶȡ 
Ϊôһڹԣĺͽǰһˣ˫˫뺣У 
ġʧɫæһת䣬ȻҪͣ¿ͧٶȣͣܣͧǰ˺Զͣһһʧİɫ˺ۣһƬƽнĵӰӣһкһһæתͧӺССĳɫĶǾ¡ 
ͧһ£룬뺣У˹ȥ¶ǿյģ 
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ٴθ滻ʱһҿͧͣǰǱˮµľԱԾ뺣Уһ͵ͧϡ 
ˣؽе   
ڰ ԭʼɭ̽ռ(9)   
𼱣ѾȥˡԱο 
ʱ˺ü꣬ڣԱһˣڲԶĺ渡 
лϵۣ 
һŽ̵Ľؿڻһʮ֡ 
һͧͽ˵һҪȻ 
һԱοֻǹ̫ຣˮ˹ȥµġ 
˵ţԱѾſרõļϣѺˮ˳ȻƽˡĽ˫ۣȻԲѡ 
Ҫ˹һϤ 
ϲؽ׸磬𣿡 
ǸԱǱˮǳףԭƬ̲ϵԱ 
˭˹һԱһ¿ͧϵˣͧߣȻܸ˹˵Ҳᡣף·Ѿˣֻͼˡ 
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ԥһ£ᰴĵϣ촽Ҳѹĵɫ촽ϡɲǼ䣬׾Լѣһ£ԱһˣҲΪŮ˹ɴѣĸоֻĵظ촽Ƕôѽ 
һ££¡ 
ͽŵضĵ 
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ģһ 
ٴ۾˳סԱղˮһĻͻȻУ˵ŶҲΡ   
ھ ս˾ֲ(1)   
ͷͳһӵܵӣҲ£ڰ֣˵Ȼǰѻ˵ˣҪ׷Ե̫СˡһѾͷתߡ 
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ҸҴ˺ܶ鷳һһͺͽֵܡߵǰ˵лл㣬 
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ҸղŲ֪ٲ̶ߵԴ˰˵ߵʱ򣬲һսںϣ㲻Լİȫѵȥҡξңлл㡣 
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Ļͷף۾ģ˵磬ģ漸ͽаְһȥ˵׸չءĿڽгס׸硱۵ӡ 
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Եǧᡣϣʸж˵ 
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ȥ󣬿ɲԴҵĵ͵͵˵ 
Ц۾Ϊʲô˵أԭԳԸ 
ʲôеż 
ûѵҪǮģ˸ 
ҶЦˡ 
뿪ɳ̲Ҳ˳ˣȻһֱֻ鷳ͻȻͻȻú˵ʲôƵģԵеĬˡ 
˵һվг 
ĺͳǺһأʹǰλϻعͷ˵㲻𣿡 
ͷǵģ϶ͬġ 
ΪʲôΪлԼ𣿡ŵĽϣʡ 
ҺĻԼûϵǵĻԼҲǳ˵˵ѣʱԽ 
֪һΪǸƽҵĺӣԲԣʻȻӡ 
˵ˣתͷŽ 
Ȼ˰ӣʹţΪƽ񣬰ӣѡ뿪ѡǸεĹӸѵΪŲԣҪɢĺͳ׻᲻Ҳ񰲰ӣʹһҪֿأҸʲôǲǻΪҸ׸ʲôܹϵѽ 
ϲһŮҾΪǸƽҵѾͷսȭͷ 
˵ˣܴѹǧټƵ㣬ȥѧԶϾľԴҪϾӹϵܵ𣿡˵ 
İĻʲôܵˡ˵ն 
ѰӣʹŵĹ˵Ȼס֡ 
͵һĿᶨؿ 
ˣǸƽҵѾͷǸү   
ھ ս˾ֲ(2)   
ܴʲôأ 
 
վһСǣСĳǣҲһ֡ǡ 
Ϊÿһ߽СǵˣΪ߽һ 
ֲһǵʱֵƻ衣 
ֻӳһۻǣ̰طʵǿҲֻ׹δ׹Ϧкܶ߸߰ҶŨܣص׹֦ͷ 
ðŴ⣬ϦͿһһɫ 
С㣬Ϊڳϣ⳵ĴǹŵġЦһ£òΪԼһȰɣ 
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ҾһʾãΪСǽлǣڰʾԼҵһһĳУȻĺ񿴵һһĳСͽ͡ 
ԣԼҪĵطһطһӱʧϣ˵ 
ʽ˵Թףرĵط˸е 
΢ЦţԽԽʶʱˡپӸµؿˡʵԼֺγǱˣøݣƸˡ 
ˣǿס죬úù۲һΪʲôֳôľɫ˵ 
̫ˣǸеĺõط͸˵˵ 
֪ǵŮǲҲһֵϬһͨ 
ͺٺٵЦˣЩѾöϼˣҲûֵݵ椡 
ͣбȥݰ椻ǿǾͷ㡣ֵܷ༥ 
36 
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ԭǶֱ̬Ӱ쵽һеľۡ⵹һ˼ 
Ǳԭƻ죬һϣǵһ˶ֲĥ׼ֲлǸʽĻǵӡڼ 
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ת˰죬ҵ˾ֲľưɡ 
δ˲ýɣߵſڣ͵ĵʵ 
㲻˵˭֪δˡӣôô 
ư࣬ƺȫһЩˣ֣ɫͷȾƵĺȾƣӵӣһƬ 
ǵһֵطءͺؿΧԭôȤ 
ԭĻǵϣҲԾ鷢йĵطҡҡͷﶼһ 
ҪҪȾƣʡ 
ϻưɲȾƻȲѽֵ 
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ǣźơƣֵܾ˵ϴּ䣬Ȼһֱ   
ھ ս˾ֲ(3)   
ʼ˵ֵǲʲôȥˣ 
һǡվ 
һ˹ 
ˣϣʺͺʣһȥҸں档 
ȻǽִֵˣǴϴּһƯѾͷ־⣬ȥڨѾͷҲ˧˧ĳһģһֵȤ̸̸ţֵܾѾͷȾƣź˲һһúܸߴĺͷ߹׵˽ϣһѣ˵ϣʹŮѡʱǺͷһ£ͺȵòˣôһƣһվסһӣˤڵϡһˤʱΧĸͷȾɸɫΧŽֵܾҪ򡣽ֵܵȻʾҲ˼ʽʱ򣬲˻ѾͷôͶûֲû¸ɵҲ壬ۿһܾҪˡ 
ͳΧ۵ǰͺͽš 
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ͷߵſڣͻȻվסˣعͷʣˣܵǻǵ˶ֲôһĳ˶İ߰ɣ 
Щ˵ȻһеֲĳԱֲмഺǲ 
ͷ͵ؼе̫ˣ 
סˣʲô̫ˣ 
ͷ˷ܵˣҲֲģȫоѧУֲһֱֻѵûвμӹء 
ǶҲֻѧУֲҲǴûвμӹֵܴ˵ 
̫ˣͷֽһ 
˼ǡʡ 
ǽһΣͷ˷ˡ 
Ե˶ 
ԣͷ 
ɰг̣Ҫˡ˵ 
ʲôг̣ƳٲˣҪͲҪȥĵطˣڻǣúѵһʱһαȽıȥĶ涼ûн˼ 
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ʲôѽǲǺ򣿡ͷб۾ 
ȾͱȰɣŵӡ 
ͷͺͽֵҲѾԾԾԵӡ 
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ͷס֣ãˬ죬ǿֲšɵúܣǾֲҲֻˡ 
ͷӢͷԪͷδ𷢵ǺǸѾͷнӡ 
ֵˣְ죬ԭѾͷǱģǴˮ   
ھ ս˾ֲ(4)   
סȥǣǼһպÿţ˾Ͱȥɡҽа̸ְŪһ򳡣ѵãô˼ɣԽ˵Խ˷ܣ·ѾǱĳ档 
ǻסɣ鷳ˡֹ 
ٿͲˡôˡһ֣ϾͰᡣ 
37 
ѼҾӪŻĿŹ˾ϼţϼҪӪҩģȫҲһĴŹ˾ 
ŵļ£ҹᵽѼҽһ 
һһֱѾϰ˵ˣһʱеԺ룬ôû棬Ժؿɫ컨壬ˣڻѼҵı 
ӵűأȻúԼС¥װ׻Ĵͱӣ͸һУ˽ε߸ĺڷèһ΢΢۾ףʵԼˡûôʱ뿪裬ôʱûг 
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԰ʱһΣһСŮܣСŮСݵĽȻ뵽һ£ͺܸ˵عûаְ֣ 
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Ůʱ˰죬һ仰˵ˣǸ 
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Ůûʣ۵һԸϹôµʦ޺ҲǺҲǺŪʦˣΪ⺢ʲôаˡ 
пֵسˡ 
һֱǸֵ衣 
ֱһ죬ǿīʱ顣 
޷ݽһ̵飬ˡҸۡ㯣Щʶ̫԰סԼĺ͵һ£ûо裬ĵˡ 
ÿһʱ䣬ͷóǿī񣬶Գ 
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֪£ǽˡֵıһԸŮ֪ˣʹࡣ 
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Ϊ㻹أ𴲰ɡ 
¥Ҷڲߣ͡ 
һøɾŮվڲǰÿǰһڵţ̡   
ھ ս˾ֲ(5)   
Żܵʲôʱһ͡ϵͣӡ 
ûɣЦ˵ 
еΣûȹ۾ 
£ȵţ̾ͺˡָָߵλӡ 
е÷ʢллͣչһɰЦݡ 
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ҲЦˣԴӽ»صֲҲˣǺܿӣŮӻϲ 
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һǡ˵ 
䣬žͳſڣӢԪδͽӡ 
Ҫʱ䣬ҴȥʶһĻǣŵɤźܺ 
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רһѵǲ̫˷ˣ飬ʵԵǾֲȥһѵͿˡ 
ҡҡͷôУǰѵǾ»ܡ 
ⳡǶǲѾź˱ճ̣ʡ 
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ʹ죡ŵ۾ 
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˾ƯƷþȻ˾еҲһĸߴͣ龰뵽Լ˾ӣЦ 
ЦʲôӸںţɵЦɺʵ 
Ц𣿡ԼЦֻܸоһ 
ԼЦûЦ֪㷢Цһ㻳顣һ˵ 
˻ 
һ죬ôڻʲôأ 
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룬ǲΪǼ£ʹʶһ˵ҪˣӸţǸʦһ 
𣿡ӡ 
ѵ𣿡ٷʽһֻ۾˸ɰҪĹ 
ô˵ô˵   
ھ ս˾ֲ(6)   
Ȼתͷ˵ʲôĻأ 
ӢĲ棬ԼЩ 
Ҫӿ顣 
ǣŮ鷳ĶѾĿڽΪˣɼϧˡ 
ЦŰͷתȥŴ̸ 
ӼŽ΢΢һЦˡ 
ʲôеĪ 
ղʲôˡӺŵӡ 
ѽЦŴȤ 
˵ˣҵžͨߡ˸ֲӡ 
Ŷˣָҹ塷һءͷǰӵģϧͷ̫ˣһҲֻ⬡ 
ӰȾɾƺɫֱֳͷǰ棬ֻ۾ֱضŽֵָֻεӣһץһץġ 
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ӣּٰˣԲԣǰ溰 
ιʲôмٰӣҾѽӲط 
޸ҺһҪĸֻ֣ˣҲ֪ôȡġźܰԵ˵ 
˭Ҫ޸ˣУ˵ܶˣҰְȡġϲŮӣ˵һֺءӰƲƲ 
ˣ㲻޸ҵԭҪǿءЦ 
ţһʣ࡯õĴôһͱζˣèŵļϴһ£Ҹ˵㲻졣 
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滹һأЦЦҪҪ 
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ˡ 
ʵһͨĹ£Ĺ̫ˡ 
ǲ֪Ϊʲô˰ӣʹţڵλͰĳͻУӣѡ˷ڷҸ𣿵ԸҸ۾ֳڡһӣ龰ôʹشԵͺޣգǷ˰顣ڶڡؽַŵУǶô˵һĻϧһڰӣԺѾ˻䣬Ҳ˽Ļ䡣ϲۣҵ˴ҵҸ 
ˣĺͳףԸǲصӣʹŵľޡ 
ιҪĹ¶ܰɵ˰͵ѹӿģЦҶˣɵÿɰġ 
ֻһЩѡЩ㯵ӡ   
ھ ս˾ֲ(7)   
Ŷ֪ǵһǸеĽСǰɡ²¿һŮİе˦ˣԲԣӵĲ²ʵˡ 
һͨأӡ̾һ 
Ҳ¶ˡ㣬Ůѣôѡ񡣡ӵĻǲ 
ʣأ 
һҲɵЦһЦѾͷЦǳɰһҪİһ𡣲ҰһеѡֿʼЦ 
Ӣ˻ǰ޽˼ûñȰ޻ӢĽ 
ԭҲ˽Ӵ˵ 
ֺʲôʱʼˡ 
Ȼ˵Ļعͷζس彪΢΢ЦЦˤŵĻŵݸһֵֻ龰·ɱ˳ǿаˡ΢΢ЩźôһһҲܱһ˫һˣԶźģһۡ   
ʮ صɽ(1)   
һʯˤȥֻԼʯһһײһ·׷׵󵹣ôУһлû꣬Լ¼׹ 
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Ӽ˽ĺģѵǾͯһһС˹һﴩȥԼ˾ˣΧһȺߴߴС˶ 
ҲûȥӿŴ⣬̽ʱֵġ 
̽գ 
ǵɭ̽գıҧסֺԼɽĿֲͶģȻͷˡ 
ɽû߰ɣµʡ 
ͷ˵ģһҪߣҾȥء 
һȤ˵ιߵ£ 
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ǸҪˡ˸߲ҵͳһɿݸԼһӽ 
Ҳһӽ 
٣˼ҵӦ˵˰ɡָָ졣 
سɿʣµһɿŽڴ˵һǵȻٳɿˣҲˡҪµʱˣǲǺ˷𡣡 
ֲǹ˹ĺˡӻǴɿ 
ֻð˵һ飬ͷʱ̲סĵֱս 
Ӻ󣬹Ц 
˲𣬻ӣһֻԼЦ˵ 
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ǺãȥʮǵԴòãЦض˵ 
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ˣǰͣ 
û￪ˣǵСŴ򿪳ţ³ȥ 
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·ߣʱû·ֻкܴʯڣʯֻһЩǿŵ͹𴦣ʱʱֽŲõš 
ʲôĵطĪҲᰮ磬ֵһʱʱһ磬˿Цáһ߷ʯڣһ롣 
Ӽֱ࣬ǸϲɽˣʱһѣЦһ£㳤ôȣΪһɽĺأ벻ô 
ùֲ˼ģԼƽʱ˯˶̫٣ӣͦĽ   
ʮ صɽ(2)   
ôѵһͻȻԽصЦ 
Ѿͷʲô·ˣ 
Ц﷢ëʣôˣЦôֲ 
ҷһ˧磬ʱʱ⡣ŬŬ졣 
ͳ󣬱ǶѾԶԶذ˦ 
ôˣһ졣 
ʹ߰ϵı˵ǳЦǼʡ 
ַʯڡ 
Ȼߡ 
ǸʲôɽɽѵΪԽһʯɽ 
ɽɽѡ 
ʱʱֽŲãǿǰˡ 
ţ㵽ʲôɽʲôĻģʵе߲ˣ̲סŴ 
԰ꡣŸĪ΢Ц 
һνӣֻߣɽԶҲ²ˣֱͨһǰĽһֻСһһһ䣬ݵԾЩССɽʯ 
ŽӵʱͻȻһ̤գˤȥо͵һڿգֹסˣͷһԭʱץס֡ŵһ亹 
Сģſ֡ 
Ҳҷ˵͵ˣСÿһȵʵߡ 
֪˶ãһɽȣǰҲͣ 
žʹ̽տʼˣ 
̽գ̽գһر⻬ɽڣʵڿʲôɹ̽յĵطʲôִֺ̼棬ɵϵӴ̼ɣ 
˿˾ֲĸµؿԱߵķ羰⣬˶ɻؿţӡ 
ЩɽʯѵſĻ 
ʲôЦ 
һƨһʯͷϣЬ෢Ľţһͨϧ졣̫ܴɹýû˻Ҫɽ뻹Գ˳ǷһȫǹͺͺһƬ 
Ŀ̾š 
ŶԿ˾ֲĸ˹Ūһ֡ 
ӢԪδһͷú񾭹رѵһһʯŵĴʯͷȥ 
УΪƬģۿվһߣ˫ǰ죬⣬סʯͷһɽʯԱƿ 
漣ˣһһ˸ߵɽسǰ 
ţ˹ȥ 
Ȼɽţôģ᲻бأҪְɣҲ˵شС 
УӣѾʮˣҪһĺôḻòãüͷ 
ʲôȥѽܵڡ 
СߣֵֽܹС 
ŵüһֻһϽشڡ 
ĽҿⱲ㶼ѲߵĶˡ쳤̾ 
һԴСߵĿסˡϣҲһ˵ӡ 
40 
ڲֻһͨӢԪδͺȽȥֵܺ͡ͳȻǽӺͽš   
ʮ صɽ(3)   
Ǻ΢ǿܿ͹ƽʯڣʯǰߣʯںе㳱ġ 
һĻĻӰ̽նӻѰ߽ɽľͷеһ˷ܣЩֳڴصɽ׻ʲô󲻵Ķأ 
Խ߹ԽҶҲԽԽʼ˻վֱԽԽ͡ȫʧʱ˼ѾſڵˣǶ˫ϥ˫ŵصİ취ǰУĺڰУҶбŵġ 
ţòһ͵˾ͷȻ͵ͷȥ˰ɡӳסˣſڵϣ˵Ϊĺڰѹ֣ú֣ӵص´ģ˵Ĺ 
ôԼŵҲû쳣㲻񽪰һô 
һأˡҾǺ᲻ͨͨģҪ񷲶ɵġμǡһȥԼֵֹΪǱ˵ 
ȵʷǰӽ˵ 
ҲġЦǣ˵صдμǡ 
Ҷ϶ġ˵ 
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ʲôҶϢˡ֪ͣͣǰţһָֻպþСϡ 
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Ҳںڰм 
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δִУʲôץҵĿӣ 
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һǱ˵ӡЦһֲĻͺʲôħڵص׿Цһ 
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ں˵Сɵϡ 
ȻղСȣʱҿںڰУ˭Ҳ 
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ĸǰ洫ֵܾܵϲӡ 
ǰʲô 
Ӽӿٶȡ 
ĸһᣬǰ͸һ˿΢Ĺ⡣ 
أԽԽǿΧҲԽԽյ۾ۡ 
ڣӾУˣ 
ڣ 
ѵǾǴɽһɽһ 
һҲ棡еڴһ˿գе 
˳ȥ 
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ȫԼ˻þ 
һߴܶȻв֪Ĺߣճͷι״ʯһɫֳĹΣеɫڹн벻Ļþһİ쵡 
߽һɫ磡 
ǽͯò״Щɫʢѹ   
ʮ صɽ(4)   
ӱôһУǴоѣץסŵ֣еʣţ˲ôģǲǳǣ˭Ҳû 
żȻֵġ˵ʵһǵͰĳʱĲ֪ǰʲôءδ˵ 
ûб֡Ѿ˵Ļͳ֯ĵطЩ˵Ŀǰֻʮ֪ɾϣԶʮ˵ܣ 
ΪʲôֻΪ˵أʡ 
ΪҲǴģΪףܹһǰıǾܸһǼǶ֣ˡһ˵¾ͺ˷ܡ 
лл㡣ϵض˵ 
̫ˣĴţĴţֱ֪ʲôݲźá 
Ӹһ˻˵һ ̫ˡ⣬Ͳ˵ˣ·еĴʻҶʧһ 
ʵֻǸͷиصĵطڵءŵջ 
𣿡ͽͬʱ 
ղǲҲΪƭ𣿽أûƭǣβסĽ˵ 
ţѾǵĺߵˣʲôصĵطˣȥѽס֡ 
ѶȥŶӢǷԸ 
ӢԪδͺħƵģͳʮССֵͲʮԽַÿˡ 
ذͲĿأֵһһģȻҰԽϵĿأԽŪӵֵʣЩʲô 
֪ˡԪ͵ 
˿˾ֲĳԱ⣬ҶûùԽǻ˼ӽ̻˴ʹöԽ 
úˣŻˣһ֧ʮ˵̽նʽ濪ʼ̽աסúõͲͶԽҪжһˣʱöԽĶԱϵ 
̽նӵȡֲźáֵ顣 
һתѿڶһ֣ͽмֿ˺ˡ 
֣ͽмֿ̽նӰɣ͵ؿ˽һۣȻֿ̽նӣ 
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һ鴿׵ġú˼ߵʯ棬Ȼһڡ 
̽նӵĸӢһȣǰ档룬Ļš˼ߡʱ򣬲ļ򣬸оߵġ 
ȸղŽʱǸҪö࣬ߵö࣬˲ߡ 
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ɵİɫı˪״屻ͲһգӨ͸Ǳһ̲סһ£ΪһǱģģЩµĸо 
·ʱڶѡػصţ˵ҲˡĻЩһ𣬳˰ñȽϽ˴˵ĻĶһƬǰûʧּ룬Щһһܶȥ 
оΣֲʵĸоֻҲвԽԽ㲻ʹĶꡣ   
ʮ صɽ(5)   
Ρ˵һ䡣 
ʲôû˵ʲô 
˵أ 
μˣٺٵЦ 
ֲֻ㡣һ 
Ҳо֪ͨͨõͲǰգɵͲĹղ˶ԶֻܿǰһһŵĹΣǰ 
šͣ 
϶˵ģǺ˼롣ͷŹΣǽӺŵĵͲĹ⡣ 
Ǿ͵ưɡǰĹζͣˣס֣죬Ǻǰǡ 
ԭһ·ڣⶴȻֲˡڴҵĵͲ£Ĺ⣬ȴģʲôҲеֻ۾ɭɭؿǣôһ룬е㺦£һЩ 
źͽҲ߹ˡ 
ϴϴķֲڣǵġһһͨǷֿߣӢʵ 
ǵϴôߵ𣿡ߵм䣬ΪôҶĻ 
ǵãߵĶֲһֱѡұߣұߵĶֲһֱѡߡ󶼾ߵڡ̴ҪСʱӢش 
ŶԴ˵˵ش̼ĵطʹ￪ʼܶʵǸԹηǳӡҺͶӢгȻ߹һΣǲ֪ǲֻ߹ԹһС֣ǿʼǰ̼ԹϷ棬ôһһߵڡ 
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ֲ˶ûԣǻϱ顣ÿˣҸұߵ飬Ӣߵ顣ô˵ûʣǾͿʼˡ 
˵ȻǱǻǰֲĳԱˡ 
ǴûѽӢЩģ˵ҪǰŪˣɶǶĴ 
ҲֻһΡңŸղ˵߳Թķһ߳ȥġƽĿ˵һɽ߳ȥˣɲԸÿ˾ֲ˿ˡ 
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ӹɵ˵õģ룬һҪԭ·صġԼһСһѵݸ˳ 
ӹȽߵĶڡֵܻһѰӿʼжҲŽȥˡͶ˻˻֣˵Сʱڴ˵Ҳ˶ڡ 
ӣһˡѵͲ£Ǹ 
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ʮ صɽ(6)   
ֵܺһ·ϲͣ˵ЦæǺţ΢ĵͲ⣬¶򡢵ΣԷ· 
ȻһŽ֣һŵͲͲһһҵճһ΢ƵĹΣǹŴŵҹ·һһֱ˵СʱȤ¡ںڰУƺʺ˵һЩȥ£˵˺ܾãźȻԼʵΪζԺڰĿ־Ųͣ˵ԭ˿ָ֢һпֺ֢ûϢﰵ롣ͻȻһܺõڡ˵˵ţһָоǰʶǲһ˫ֵ̥ܣֵģֵܡΪԼ˼Цһ¡ 
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ô˷ĺ£Ļ񿴵һµСкһһž޴ĴϣһϨƣڰ˲عסӡ 
ǿԼȥԺڰտʼʹ࣬ؾϰˡЦЦ˵Ҳġ 
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ԣϨ˵ͲҲϨͲǰĸ˸߹һת䴦ǵĵͲ⡣һ³˺ڰȥ 
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ڰֻǿѣһжԭġҾվߡ 
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һʯˤȥֻԼʯһһײһ·׷׵󵹣ôУһлû꣬Լ¼׹ 
ѵ£ 
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Ϊ˿һҪˤأûֵֹĶ׹õ廨ʲôġ˭֪ôˤˣû˼աͷû꣬Ӿ͹µµ¹ԭһбб£ϽסͷֻһΣܱʲôʯͷƬʲôĻݣʲôŮҲǸ˧˧Ů˫ۣǰ֪˶ãȻͣڹˣһʱ䲻ֻܶͱԼˡð죬뷭һĵɡӴһʶһƬڰʲôҲ   
ʮ صɽ(7)   
һֻţʱʹҲ˷ôڵϣŴ۾ܴ͸ڰʲôƵġ 
ʲôطأ 
ʶԼʲôҲûУ˫ֿտҲҲ˵ˤʱ򣬰ֵͲŪˣ 
Ҳһˤҹˡһµ˫ֳŵأĴţǳɵĵ棬ʲôҲû 
һ᲻һã 
һðͻ֮ȥʼĿֲƬпֲľͷӽס 
ԽԣԽ 
ԼоˣжԽأ˵ĶԽķˤһģӦòᱻˤɡԼĿ֡ 
һ͡ 
յģ 
ֺ˲䱻ڿ 
ӿհһӣ΢ЦڿţԽһֻƤСϣڿĳء 
һôʱԼ֤ĶԽͲһˤʱʧˡ 
ڣͻȻ֮䣬¶˦ޱ޼ʵĺڰ 
úڰһΣΣΣֻҪһԼͻѹ 
ԼĴһѣʹһҽУԼĲҽһǻûǰһװ׻Ĵѹ 
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һҽУղҽеĻһǰһػײռ䶼ǱŴĲҽ 
浽жѽôһ¹һ 
ѵһŴĹˣصĹײġѳߵźĿƷǶԵĹߵ䡭ʽëȻ 
֪ͲȥôĿֲƬˡ 
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ֻҪܻصղˤĵطӦҵǰɡ 
һϣȺĵۣæվôڣ޷Ӧĺڰ 
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˺ܶԶϻûκʯͷ 
󣬽һֲڣ 
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һҰɡ 
ԣ˻Ҳ١ 
ѡұߵ·ںڰǰ 
ãһֲڣ 
һȫˡ 
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ܺãںڰжԼ΢Цһ£룺ѾҵĿֺ֢ˡ   
ʮ صɽ(8)   
õͲһʯӺߵײĶڣŶڴУֻ洫һ޶ҪȥͻȻ룺УȵȳǹҪ˾ôĪزˣǼġ 
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ԽһԴ 
԰԰нֵ 
ǽĶԽֻǡˡһƬôҲϵ 
ĶԽˣңȥСʱһûҲûöԽϵǾȳסһҪÿ·üǺţԱǡԼ侲 
Уһԣ˵Ǹһȥҽ 
ԣഺκʱӦһ𣬲ܹòðգͺͽֵҲͦضϡ 
ԡһζһΣգͻ̫ˣңʱһŵ˶ûС¾ҵģ˵ˡ 
ͺȻ·һ˺·˺ѵôһ 
ʲôͣһ 
Ӱһ·˺ɲӰͼ·˺ɲ 
а취Ҳ·˵˵·ӦܴһܳˣÿӣͲȥˣΪôӻĻһǸ»Ԩֻܻȥˡ 
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ܵͲĹ΢ÿ˻ǺؿеľȻҲǲǿģǸоģҲһĲɿܡ 
һʱ 
ܿ죬˵·һִĽʵӡ˰ɣ˳ʯϵĶڴȥ 
߹ȥ 
һҪСģֵܡ͡һļϴһȭǶǹеǸʽ 
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ʱԺһ棬һԹһֻСԹﲻͣضͻܣ̻̲εʱʦʵ顣 
С߳ԹΪܼסԼ·ϵسԣȻų·ߣԹнѳ   
ʮ صɽ(9)   
ϧԼС 
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벻ԼȻһط 
ֶֿѾûаˡ 
Ҳ߲ˣʯ̱һ 
ôڣ·һںڰжȹһֱеǲôӵˣǶôңԶ° 
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˯Լ˯ǧ˯һ˯ȥԲѹˡ 
ǣĺֳ·ÿһ£Ͱ˯ͷСιЩأ˯ռÿһϸѪҺ 
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ôãôð 
غ۾ 
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裡 
Ȼ۾ 
Ҳ˯ȥڵһȥأ۾Ҫ˯ħչĶ 
ҪվҲŲҪؼңһõġ 
ҧֿٽʯڵķ϶һһأѵվ 
ȻԼʪģˮ˳ʵֱϡ 
ˮ 
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ʯˮһúֲֻ͡һϣסʯڣһᣬһˮ 
ˮͿͦϼ죡 
ҲϲԽذˮߣźһСڣޡȫµˡ 
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˵ʱʧһ룬ѵҪʯˮ𣿻⼸ôأ 
ȻˮµˣмαʽˣôѺȣǱϾˮеûôɿˣƺָһ˿ 
ҾҪʯˮ 
Эˣֽһˮڴߣذȥˡ 
˶Ѻȣһ˺ü̾оˡ 
ˮ֧ż죬ҲͻҾȳȥôһ룬Ͽʼ 
Ӷֵܺ;ӰĳಲڰһŰӣǵ·ӣ·ӵһͷһͷ¶ڣҲѶԽ͵ͲŽţпɲܶȻץסӣ˶ڣʼ˳ʯһֱﵽӵĩˣ»Ȳʵء 
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ɣ׼ӡ 
ļ٣ӻ˲ٹ򣬲֪ôˣǲ˹ȥ᲻ʲôҰ޹ǣӻͳֻһӣˡһܽʵӦòԶˡ̧ͷӣȥˡ 
󾪣𡪡 
û˵꣬һᣬ漴ˡͨһ 
ĸŵһ뺰ô 
ǶʲôҲûС֪ڵôˡ   
ʮ صɽ(10)   
ͳԽƵʣֻ¡¡ʲôڹ 
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̯˫֣˵ûİ취ˣֻеСʱ 
öԽϵʱصŽˣǵбϹµµ¹š׼ģ񽪰޷ˤԺֹܿ˹ӵ 
ڴĶԽ͵ͲллأڡͳͲһµͨҲҹɵģʯɫһְɫ 
ѶԽƵʡ 
𣿡־ϲ 
ңѵĹ꣡ļ򡢼ڹʱ򣬱˲ٵطڻţ˵һԹȥҽˣÿһʱҾͻϵһΡ 
óСڱϻһʮ֣Ϊҵʱ·ļǺšԺõͲĴһ£ûбĲ·һֱµͨ 
ˤһб¹֮£϶û취ֹͣôͨӦҵһЩۼ 
ôһ룬ʼ˳бȥ   
ʮһ (1)   
ȥﺬŵ΢ЦȻˣ⣬绰˸һֱֶɻô͹ 
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룺Ӧ취˰ɣܹңطǸԹӦԼ취һ뵽͵վվ̫ˣһžˤڵϣڵϣоһϸϸˮ 
ˮ 
ԺһЩˮȥˮһֱͣĻ϶һСϪСӣСϪСȥĻһһܶʮʷ˰ɣҲʯͷɵģûطǻû޴Ķûбû 
ۡˮһгڣ棬ͨأ 
ʱ˳ˮķǲǿҵأ 
һֵС˵˹ҲǱɽҲ˳ˮҵ˳ڡ 
̫ˣҪ̫ڰܻᷢ⣬һһ߸ߡ 
ϣֺˮˮζƺҲһˡ 
ʼţˮķš 
һڲԶĵط 
˳б£һߵбµľͷõͲڵʹȥϣҵĺۼ 
ĵͲʯһ鰼ȥһʱһϲĽɿɿ˼Ķһ 
ɿڳӸɿһεнɫֽŵɿڵͲҫ£ʯڵİǶһӡ 
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ϸؿһɿŽȻ͵վþеһ 
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жһ϶Խʼһͨȥ 
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ǵһ۵ĸо 
һܺ£ 
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ûҵϣеСϪСӣŵϸϸˮһתǵĵطˮͻȻʧˡģƴڵѽѽϣֻĴˮڣ   
ʮһ (2)   
ǣˮȷȷʵʵʧˡ 
Ȼ˳תǴʯֻһˮ㼯һγɺСϪȥȴ˻һܣˮ£ĵطڶŻ㼯ɺСϪ 
һϣٿȻʯϣƣر۾ 
Ѿûˡ 
ңأ 
˳бߡߵúܼһĺͷҲʪˣʪͷϡ 
ߵ˵һֲڣվסˡ 
ıأ 
վţǽһѡ󣬻ң 
ң 
ȻұȥǸ˷ֿʱѡߣŸǣֻҪзֲڣһֱѡң仰һԽӰġĺڰУһǱʶиŵĶѡұߵķֲڡ 
Լжϡʯϻһʮ֡ 
ߵ̫Զңˣ 
һһš 
ÿһֲڣѡұߡ 
֪˶áʼԼжˡȫںڰģʱͲ֪в·Ҳûѡҡ 
ôһֱѡұߣǴģ 
ƺԼһ³ȥˡ 
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ÿһ·ڣغ 
·Թ֡ 
һӦĸԺڰͿ־壿ǲǻɪɪأ 
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ˣ˽öĺ 
ģ˯һСһСƤģôҲ 
ϵֱѾСʱˣǳͷӬһҴ⣬һͷҲûСóԽ 
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Һ˻ˡεĸ䡪ĽһգһȻֹ 
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˲ϻشʹ˼֣ԽһҲûС 
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ˤˣ˵ŰɣӦѾߵ˳ڡǱɡ 
ٵһ˵ 
ˤһĺײһͻʯϣ˹ȥ 
֪˶ãˮεϣ˹оԼˮС 
ˮ 
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ʶͲԼţȴһҲûˣͲѾݻˡվˮûСȣʶںڰĴŶԽ 
һȻ𣬵ͲѾݻˣôԽҲˮУҲһݻˡ   
ʮһ (3)   
ڰȻó 
ڣͽһޱ޼ʵĺڰУһϵҲûˣ 
վ 
ΰ֮УУվǰڶ΢Цš۾ϣһ޹²ݣɫ 
޹²ݵ 
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վþе 
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ʯڵıֻһʯڣ 
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Ļش󣬼ʯߡ 
ʮӣһֲĵطˣתȥߵĻһߵĵط 
Լֱࡣ 
Ȼʯڲı棬ղŷ·ķߣֻҪߵǶŵĵطҵ 
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һˮ 
ˣĸͷû꣬;ԼһĻ 
һϲ𣡡 
 
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۾һƬڰûûʲô𡣵ǣڰʲôߣ͵ 
ιСӣ·أ 
ĪǸղԼڻУСӡ 
Ѿݵò񻰵ɿĴߣ䲻ôһɿŪˣһЦˣ·أ 
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Ŷԭղžɿζҧһ룬ʣµһУ˵һһ롣ԣһȥ·   
ʮһ (4)   
Цʲôֵʡ 
ôڣֲèͷӥôῴЦˣ֡ 
˰ɡҸоˡ 
Ůˡ 
˵㵽Цʲô 
Ц㡣 
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ղôżҵĻУ·ô٣ЦⱲӶ޲ȥˡֻü޸ˡ 
ڰдˡžһٴһҽС 
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ѶԽŵƵ 
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˻عͷǵĵͲ⡣ 
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죬ȥˣߵڣץסӾҪȥ 
ͬʱ΢ӼӳЩ 
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û£ 
ֱǸ 
˵ץסţ· 
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ܿأ˾ֲԱ·Ҳӣԭϣȥ 
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죬ˮͶԽӴȵ 
æһƿˮݸ 
ţҲһġ 
ӭӵλϣʹֽС 
ʲԸȥĵʲô룿Ҳ 
ڹˮĽЦЦ˵һĻǣ 
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ڽܶ̽ŪûǲˣҪԭƻеʣµȡ죬ͺͽֵϸоսνѵڲ֪ԷĵϸǸ㼺ԴӼഺֲ齨ǻͷһôۡ۵ʱƶǶšôҲ죬ʱҲһ䣬ͳĸ߼ŪĿɿڴЦá 
ŵЧʺܾˣ죬ͳһ׼򳡣򳡵ĲƤרŴӺ˹ 
ˣ 
۾ֱǱƺΪȻ˾ռһûһ㷴Ӧ 
FӵܣһȺ棡ɾҩ 
ݺݵ˼䡣 
磬ճԹֻͣŴŽӺͿ˾ֲĸˣɫͷƺƵͽָΣ˳㿴򳡵ĸĽΡ 
ͽֻһЩƤˣѾȫûˡ 
һȦصͷ٣ѧУ򳡻Ҫ˧   
ʮһ (5)   
ʮ֮ϼһ仰ת 
ûãһСͣڱſڡ 
˶ӳóһĶ 
үġһӵ˶˵ 
һһ׵£Ʒ򡢻Ȱ塢ס׳ݣͷɣӢGRAYSƷƣõһ 
һ׵óЩǴɫģֻǺɫģӦԱ£Ѻɫõ͵ǰ˵ģһҶء 
ȻϲؽҵأóŮʽ˶A͵ȹӺ̺ܶƯ 
ֵЦֻдµʱܿǲһǸŮŶ 
ǣʳΪʲôҲ£ 
һ£𣺡㵱ɡ 
ֲ˯ˡ㬵ذȹӻ 
ܵ͸̾ 
αʹ±ǮˡһӣţǮֱǷ񣡲ǷΪ 
ЩƷһüͷ 
ʲôֲûвμӹκ֪ԼʵƽʱҲǸģȻзֹǼûнйʽѵֻʮѵʱ䣬ʵڲ֪һҪǣǶԼĶһ֪սе֪֪ȫһջ 
òӳ˰ɣ 
ʵԼҲûףǼȻѾӦҪһҪӳߵˮƽңֲһֱҲһԼʵ 
һѵıһ͵һĶ˵ǣֲһҪȫԸ 
ȫԸսȭͷ 
ȫԸֵҲһ 
Ǹһͱ£Ūú̳һҲһɽˡػ 
ֵе޿̵ӣ˵ģ 
Ҳһۣɡˡػ˵ϣʡʣҲġ 
ɻ쿪ʼѵѵÿߵ㿪ʼ 
ĵʣҲһҪɣ 
ǲǾֲˣʡ 
Ȼǡԥ 
ֻҪ㻹ǾֲˣǾ͸һÿߵ㿪ʼѵֱɽʶʱĳһӡ 
Сӣ죡һ䡣 
ֵܶ˸һһӶ 
ˣһУָŽֵܵ֡ 
ʲôˣ͵Ĵ۾Ի󲻽ؿ˷ܵͨĽѵѾͷɽųʲôˣŷ 
֪ôֽʺͽϣˣԭһƲӣԺɱƭˣ 
΢Цôǣһǽϣʣһǽʣ   
ʮһ (6)   
۾ŽֵܵѽһƲӣƲǽϣʻǽأҧס촽 
ǺǣɣС㣬ǽϣʣסˣƲǽϣʡ˳ӻ֡ 
ϵϲƭˣҲǽϣʣֵҲӻ֡ 
Ʋ˵ԣǽʣǽϣ˵ˣϲƭˣ㲻Ҫǽʡ 
׹ 
ˡЦ 
ЦŶԽ˵ɵѾͷԶҲŪ˭˭ʱһԼҲûŪ˵һǰְ趼Ūˡ 
ֵܷʹ˸ɫԴ˵ŪˣսһûдҪȥŶλϼ˵ߡ 
͸Ͻȥ߱˵УѵǰǳȥҸűȽϰȫ 
Уǿû㵱ķֵܲȾܡ 
ιҵвУں׷ųȥˡ 
ֻҲȥ治ʡģ 
½ֵǵĻɵ𰲰ӣźϲ 
磬Ϊʲôôء 
ʲôأŽ 
ûûʲôš 
ϳһֵıʱͲԭĽˡ 
˭ 
µĽŽĶͷס 
Цҡӡ 
ãЦˣǶȥˣҲȥ߰ɡŽҲߡ 
47 
ǵĽֵ񣬷ƽ 
һûʲô˵Ľֵϡ 
һʱ򣬽˽Ų̰ζ 
ݡһһֵضţ̾̾Ҳһ֡ 
˰ɣʡ 
ͷ 
ûԶŰɣ 
ٵͷ 
αˣǾͻȥԴҵȥ𣿡·ߵһͩĵʵ 
Уҡҡͷ 
Сӹһ˿ʧͷûп 
ҪԣҿԸֲȥ˵ 
һ𣿡 
Ȼһ˵Ȼһֱ˵Ҫˣһһ衣֪ѣ뿪ʵܹµ 
˼ǡϲɫ 
ȻʶԼʧԣô˵ǰϽͣ˼ҵ˼˵ᡣ 
ԭͦɰġתŽ˵˼˵Ϳˡ 
˺üӲ˼ˣ˵Ҳǣһ̫С 
Ҫȼſȥ׷ʹ 
˵ˡȻȾܡ   
ʮһ (7)   
û׷ͷһڴ绰Ϊɽ˳ȥҽʱֻ̽ǳʯͷˣҪùõ绰 
ͣһߵһߵһϸζղźĶԻ 
ôǲɽˤһΣӸˤˣԼȴһ˿ζ 
ʲôôˣ͵͵Ц֪ʲôʱվǰ 
Ц𣿡 
Ѿˣˡͷ 
ߣīһ۾ϲúĹ⡣ıͷ͸ŰɫĹ⡣ 
ôĺϣϤ޹²ݵζ 
ܺȻ 
ܰ 
۾˲ЩԻ 
۾ͷص 
촽Ҫ촽ʱȻͷһƫ㿪ˡ 
ղŸ˭绰ҵһ⡣ 
ЦЦ˵ǵĳС 
иһֱ㣬ī۾͸ҵǿī𣿡 
˵ҴСӦǰְ͸ҵġ 
Ŷ 
ôѵ㲻ǿ˵Ҫһī𣿵ʱΪڿЦءֵˡ 
ûпѽˣԭһ̰ˡ 
Ǿˣûô֪һī񡣡 
ΪҲһīҾóúԣʱߵûв˵ҴСһֱһҲһīԾѿڶˣû뵽㻹С̫ˣ 
ԵְɡԵ֣ҵĳײһΪʲôײˣƫƫײ㡣˵ 
ײһˣҲԶ˵ΪʲôҲײˣƫƫײ㡣Ц 
ûײˡ˵ 
ֱ˵ָǰһӣ˵ǶǶ԰ȥ԰𣿡 
˵Ҫȥ棬Ҳ㡣ס֡ 
ֲʹ 
ǣһɵʹ 
͵ʱŪ˺ܷʢͣ׵;ߣůĵƹ⣬ÿ˶θڴ󿪵ӣֻнƺЩƲ֣뽪ʱڸԼͳأǳͣԺһ棺Ѿûʲô˿ˣվڳһǰ뽪Ѿͷ˰ɡ 
⻭ûκ˸еĵطɽͷӿһѹ 
׼Եʱ򡣺Ȼ˰塣˭أʱǲģڻǲûʲôѡ 
ڸҨһϽף˳ȥ˼ӣһӽ߱Цǣ쿴ôƯĺӡ 
ģȽ´½һ   
ʮһ (8)   
˼תͷȥеĺӣ۾Ȼ⡣ 
ˣ¸ϳԵĺһģһϣҲ 
ԣҼǵЩӸһҲǵɫģҲֹͣ˺ 
ӴøģҮͰַؿڡ 
ûĺӣ 
վ 
Ϥ 
΢ЦؿŽ΢Цؿ 
̵нӹӣ⵭ɫдš顱ֵĺӣ·𿴼˽˫ܰ޳ɵһɫİװ˸ᡣ 
ȥﺬŵ΢ЦȻˣ⣬绰˸һֱֶɻô͹оеĺӻ¶ȣȵģ 
۾Ҳе㷢ȡ     
ഺ Ĳ   
ʮ ħʽѵ(1)   
˷źؿͣšͻȻһˣβ飬ѧһ֧ŮӣͽмŮӣԱ 
48 
ѵĵһ죬ÿ˶ú磬Ҳ 
ȫ£򳡡 
վһţÿѵ 
һֻʮѵʱ䣬ǰѵѵɵսѵսѵѵҪYOYOЪĲԱ׼ѵϣÿٶܴﵽ16ٶȡʲô𣿡ʡ 
Ŭ˽⣬Ҷش 
ʲô 
һֵ̧͡ͷͦء 
ʲôYOYOЪ׼Сߵ͡ 
ֻǿһۣûлش 
⻹ࡣͷ˵ֻˣҵζӳֻܲ2111ˡɽֵܳеǰǳǰ棬Ա͡ 
ӳҸʲôأĻ 
˵ 
ҲҪҲҪ򲹶ԱɡܲԼݣּۻ 
ðɡڴӦͺ򲹶ԱԽ˵ûʲô 
ֵһͷԹԵġԶϳĺ򲹶Աɡ 
һۣҪ༥ûнйĬϵѵԱ֮䣬ϲãڱǾռϷġҪǽѵͣҪˣǵһݡ 
ǣӳһͦأͷİɡ 
ðɣڿʼмЪѵĿ䵽ϣ˵YOYO֣ȲһеĶԱܴﵽһٶȡ 
ó¼¿أһ˲ཱུ 
ĵ򽪰ʲôYOYOЪԣYOYOЪǵ籾İ¹˹ء޺оԺJens BangsboģģƵֵļ١١ͣתȶвԵģYOYOҲBeep TestЭЭ涨ԱҪͨYOYOԲܲμԵʱ˶Աڳʮס׵ܵϽܣһһԼӵļЪԽмЪԣЪٽһܣʱȵߡڲԹУ˶ԱYOYOֵĽܺͼЪϽͱΪʧܡ 
¼ƵɻʣͰ˵ôĽܣһСѧѵ 
ưɡ˵ 
 
˶ڲݵϻǣܣ׼YOYOԡ 
ڲݵϻ˶ʮ׵Ĳ򣬲һһֱߣʼյɫԲ׶ڳƽеġš 
׼ϣǶ֪ԹˣҼ򵥽һ²Թ򣬲ôҰ¼ṩٶȽ԰˼ʮٶɼ۷ӦӦֳ֮ǰ֪YOYOʲôĽӦһ¡   
ʮ ħʽѵ(2)   
˳ǳֵ͡ܡ˶⣬ɳ⡣ 
ԿʼˡŲԼ¼վڶʮߵյ㡣 
վھʮʼһ˰ԶĵطԶʮյ㡣 
°ĿأһӵĿ𣬳ʼ˼ٶһ۷ܣڶ˵Ŀ𣬳պܵһˣĽŸպ̤ߣתʼܣٶȺ·첻˶٣кǿ 
˵ĵοʱܻ㣬̤϶ߣͣӣſʼյһȥ 
ؿųܣ÷ǳȤܵôҪǡô̤׼ܹ࣬죬ʲôϷһǳıȴ棬ҲСѧʦһڼ¼ϼʲô룺СҼǲɿЦ 
ֵܣΪҲЦСһİϷǳϣֵܾȻûƽʱһһһȡЦؿųµÿһ䣬ͻнضţڸӡֵضһǵƿߣȥͣ˭֪Ҳھ۾ؿųӰ 
ЩôˣаһԶǰڵӢѵ 
˵˭ҲҪ˵ӣ϶û˻ԾĵܿЩѽѽԶһܴӾأӾرм޴ĻĢƵɡ 
һҪȥӾ롣 
Ѿ˵ڰ˸涨ٶˡϸӰˣÿ˶ס˺ֻӵѾղˣǱࡣصĿ⣬ų 
ֻٶԽԽ죬ϹŶĺ飬ͷѾȫʪˡŴƺѾﵽܼޡ 
YOYOô 
Ծؿ 
ٶڼӿ죬ĽŲҲˣ˵ʮ涨ٶȵʱ򣬳ĽŲеˣ˵Ŀٴʱṳ̂յĶߡ 
ʧһΣؽ 
ٶȣ˫ܻʼߣǾͲһ㣬ṳ̂϶ߣ 
ʧΣֹе䡣 
YOYOţƺɱ 
ʮļ˳ĳɼ 
Ŀʮ 
ֵܺ͵ŵôģмЪõһ 
۾Ҳɴˡ룬ֱɱΰ 
49 
ֵ͡ν˲ԡ 
ǵĳɼһʮ弶˰뼶 
һ߿ľսYOYOԭʼʱƵٶƭ㣬Уúѿ 
ֵˡ 
ͣʾ⡣ 
͵Ĵ۾գգ֪ʾͬ黹ǹ 
ֵеһ˵ʼֵҼˡ 
˼ҼҿɲҪޱӡһ˵ 
ʮᷣԳŵŶڻָȡЦ˵ıܡ   
ʮ ħʽѵ(3)   
վڶߵİ⣬Ŷʮ 
΢΢һЦ 
̾ģղŸ࣬Ӧòᱻ˦̫Զ 
YOYOŽܣڶʱ׼ȷ̤϶ߣо񣬲Ĵ 
ڶܵߵʱܼᶨɣһеġ 
ԼȻһֻɵС¹ּȻĽģڲݵϷԾ 
ڰ˸涨ٶȡ 
ûͺͽֵԤϵʧǾؿɵš 
ʮ涨ٶȡ 
Լ 
ʮļ 
ÿ˶סˣԼ 
ʮļһأӦ˹͵ڲݵһԱתȦðȫʪ͸ˣ˵ģ۾ġ 
ݸһƿˮһӣ͹һڡ 
ιҷֽʵһŮҮͺȻ 
ͣһɰĹΪڵһҵʱͷءҪһ£˧ 
񣡡ֵֽܹС 
Ц 
벻أ򽪰ĴָȻɫ˵ǸĿ궼̫ԶˣѵһҪŬ 
ǣֵ͡Ӧ 
ڵĺòѽЦڽϻһֻӣһھûӰˡ 
ȥĴӣˡļ¼ݸһϲɣ 
죬ͷӭš 
ܲʱоƵġ 
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ʮĵ弶 
ǲ 
أ 
ȻѹԭĲԽˣ14.5õĳɼ 
ĸһϲ 
ΪĹȡõ 
̧ͷǡĿ⡣ 
һ۽ȻԴ˵ÿ˶֪Լ״ǵĿúԶڲ֪˾ֲҶ϶϶ǵ״ҪáҲǵĿʮ߼ǹ˶Աı׼Ǳȫǲܻ̫ʱѵϡһ仰ʮ弶ʮļʮĵ弶Ҫʱڣﵽʮ 
ҲҪ𣿡ʡ 
Ҫ˵ػش𣬡ΪҲǼഺĳԱ 
ͻȻãʱΪʮĻԵӢޱȣȴţκһ˸˧ԭһֱͲǸ˧簡͵͵Цһ¡ 
ܾûд˶ˣһļЪѵഺ˶üֱ͸֧һӵÿ˶Լÿһºʱ˿̶óޱȣѹǵƵġ   
ʮ ħʽѵ(4)   
ͣʱеͬʱ˵ڲݵϣһҲſţܵĲƤݴԵζͺζһ 
ʮģŶãŸ̾Ϊ±ݶͱúģЩζ 
ֻֻҪʮOKˣǻҪء˵ 
򲹶Ա顣 
úãǺ򲹶ԱʲôǸŮҮܲһŮϳһɡһϵš 
˵Ҫ滻Աأ˵ʱǾ֪ҵҪˡ 
ֵܽУһأ 
ҿˡ 
ģԷһֵһԾ 
Ͷ̥ݺݵһ䣬׼վһֻ˹ 
龰Ϥ 
˼ӵ㶡 
ˣһѵ 
Ҳôݸһָֻ޳֣ϴһ޵Ц⣬ī۾ֱŽ˫۾ܺڣԶͷԶ֪ͷʲô 
˹ƻƵģΰذ־طС 
һֱΪǻþ 
ͻȻˣȷȷʵʵذַУǻþ 
¶ǳǳЦݣһһذַС 
50 
硣 
ϵYOYO 
ô£Խš 
˽е˶ͨ16ԡǽֻ15.5ôҲ16ٶȣһһβԣʧˡ 
Ȼﲻ16ٶȡ 
ʽ˶ԱYOYOԣͱ̭ˣɫúѿ 
̭Һˣʪ͸ˣˮ̳һͨ죬̭ҰɣҪμǵľֲģ 
ʲô˵ֱ㻹˵ֻ𣿽벻ôûĵˣ 
ˣô˵Ļ 
Լ۵ÿˣһֱŬﲻ16ٶҲѾˣƾʲôô˵ôûģҲˣǸʲôYOYOȥɣ 
ԱһͷԣϽվ˵ӳ˰ɣҲֻ㡭򲹶Ա15.5һŮ˵Ѿ˲ˣҽѵʱ򻹺̡ܶ 
ѽѽֵܸ͵Ļ 
ֻг 
һ͵ĻͽֵܵĸͣȻվ˦˦ճһĶ̷ĨĨϵĺ˭˵Ůֻʮ弶Ҫ֤ǿŮҲܴﵽʮ˵꣬ߵʼߵλãԳ˵Beep Test 
ͺͽֵŴͿŽľٶȻͷѾͷ 
΢΢ЦˣһоԤУְĿء 
ޱӣ˭Ҳûע⵽۾һһ 
࣬࣡   
ʮ ħʽѵ(5)   
ȫ磬ȫ˿ֻʣһǾĴϢֱǿһ 
࣬࣬Լ˵ 
ʮ弶ˣ 
࣬࣡ 
һܣһܣһܡ 
ûġʧһΡ 
ͨʮ 
һ˵ľϲο͡ 
ҡҡλεֹͣܲ 
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ģ˹ 
ĹӴֵҲܹ֡ 
ߣڲסɫе㷢ס 
õǼѽϣһȭͷ 
Ǹأһ飡תͷӳ˵ͨ16żٰ컹㲻㣿 
Ȼ㣡ˬ˵ 
Үֵһ߸ߣֿȥǷ羰ˣ 
Цһٺ٣ҿȥŮɡ 
ϴûǻͣͲõƨ˰ɡ˫ֺʮ 
ѽǣҲʲôû浽û˼ϣͦΪġ 
ߣϴΪұǣǲûǳ룬˵ҪҲҲԣǾʹڱĶҲȥ 
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ٿҾҪˡЦ 
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֪Ϲ¡ɡ   
ʮ ħʽѵ(6)   
ҰɡشĻ 
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سһЦʵ֪ڵı£ҪһѪ˵ں£㺦úܲңΪûвμӹ﷢飬ֲ˼˵˵öԲԣ 
Žû뵽ǴֵѾͷȻһ۾ͿĽǡǵģǸеǣ⽹Աĺ޾飬ԶԶֵһ֪ԶԼĲ㣬ԿʧܵѹҶԱ˵ҲҶԳ¶ĵӡ 
֣طϣ̧۾۾˵һ£ֻҪֵȥͲҪûʧȥˡҲμӾʱһոѧӾˣ֧ȥ˵ΪҸոѧӾڱеõĶ 
۾ʱվŽ֣ߣӾǾھһô 
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2111ΣɽֵܵǰǰԱ͡ 
ֵܵϷǳĬͳǴСһ浽ĺѣĬҲǳߡԱжͷӦܸߣȫװصͷסͷס˺ȫ׷þߣȡסԼȡϱۺⲿߣЩɫװʹȥӴĻˣصĹܡ 
ǰûô¡صȫװ˽ǵһοԶ͵װܸȤϢʱΧͣ޸ͣᣡ̫ˣȳᣡ 
ι͵ƨģҡʲôбȳᣬҾͿı𣿡һɾͲԸˡ 
ס죺ǿԼ˵İ 
ЦˣԴѾͷ˼ഺı˺ܶණԼˣԼȻʱҲῪЦǰһһɬǧ֮⡣ 
Χת޲ڡ 
ͱŪ޿̣һ 
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ʶԼıȫͷˣһƿͷŭȣûֲ꣡Ǵè 
Цͷͷϣ̫ˣ㲻èˣǾɡ 
ϣʰѹһţԽеСģ 
СʲôѵתͷĴͷֵؿ 
һӹһ򣺡ĲһŪˣ 
Ϳ߹æͷӽͷժˣһȥɡԴӿʼѵԺ󣬴Ҳŷ֣ԭһħ֮£ǰѵʱ򣬳ֱһºɵĽ;Լ϶ЩӳˣֵֻҲ࣬ҲС浽ģһֱʲô¶ĮĵĿ࿴ 
ҲͬУϼֱײϣͷԹԵ䵱Ǹп޵ɺĽɫ   
ʮ ħʽѵ(7)   
һѵʼ 
˽⣬ÿ˶ıһͶ롣 
Ϊ֪ԷĵϸǾ˼ҵۺ󣬾ǰõķطսǲȷ˵Ľս 
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ֻнţû˴ֻðһʱǰͣ룬ҪԱͺˣһƯ˾ȣӮȲʣ 
ţһ䣬ŵ߷ȥ 
ߣһ֪Ǹġ 
͵忴أʵϺɵһбӣ罪룬˫ָ߾٣ֱһɫ˳ȥ 
ģ㵸ȥġԼ˷ܣΪ͵һģһ 
ҵжϺͷӦҲ˵Ҿһأ 
˷źؿͣšͻȻһˣβ飬ѧһ֧ŮӣͽмŮӣԱ 
뵽Ҫһ°ֿʼҪ˭ӣϲһǸÿҲ֮£˰˳Ӣ˽˶Թˡ˺һԼøɹءתһ룬Ϊ˵ӢѧҵЩ˽˶ԹԺɡ 
ڽΪԼΰػжѵʱ򣬺ȻһϺȣ 
һͷһɫĶٶûôһ£ͱܵؾһһʹ˳ȥȴԼʵʵУֱֱ֮浹ڵϡ 
û°ɣĽֵܹһһҵҪ 
һͦУ˭ɵĺ£ 
ֵһ㶣ŽϵһӡȻЦ 
ûбУȴԼеأԼҲһЦ 
Ӧ죡ͬ˵ȻҲ̲סǺǵЦˡ 
ֻǰ潹شʵʲôˣʲôˣ 
ֱһЦЦþûصڱϿա 
52 
ˣһĵϣԳ˵ 
ոճԹֵͣܡͺͽΪӰ̨̨ݡ 
㲻ϲͻطȥƵӰֵܴԽš 
УҾϲڿĵӻôطȥץסҡš 
һ˿û˼Ҫ˶м顣˵ 
ǿһ뵽һ俴ѽãҪĵӰⲿӰĳżݵģǳѧʦŵ 
ͳΪڼĸһ𿴵ӣǼһŵʱ򣬾˳ȥ   
ʮ ħʽѵ(8)   
ͷҪʲôƵģϧɫ磬Ƕûеǳֻīɫա 
ûġһѪ˵仰ʱûп 
ûлشҲͷīɫա 
ûлشĬϡ 
ǵϻĬʡ 
ʵĬѾܸˣһòأ 
֪ˣŵˡջĿ⣬ 
ţ 
ԣţ 
ĸ˵׼ȷȶԶš 
ǵģҶ͵˾ȼģǹ˾ǻûлʤĻᡣһ£ܲⷽ취ʣеӣǵĵһα䣬Ҳ̫̫ס 
ֻѵʱˡ㵥ѵţҲ̫ߡһһǲѡ 
ʵֳĬ 
ԷʵΣȡʲôͺսı׻ôȫ޷ԤϣͳĸоȫһƮƮģֺǳġ 
һѵ 
ں 
ȫװȫעضŰɫڹ 
ֵһһ֣ϵ޷졣 
ͳҲͨ 
ǾǾЩס 
ΪȻȫ򣬿Ȼûжֱŵȥ˾ȡһֱĽˣذĿͶ򳡣ϣ˭һƯľ䣬ͱһء 
һӺ꣬ټطɱ˼ӣڽڷط棬ֵӮһ̽򡣽ϣվŵʮ׵ĶϻӸһʽסһƯƫ䣬ֱұ߼䡣 
ͣһС 
͵ķӦܿ죬Ӧ˳̫ˣǶҲƫ;Ȼֱһš 
һߣַһӣˣ 
ŭصһۣܣҪţҿ϶ġ 
۾Ȼһ 
ͣһϣ 
ֵͣΧ˹ 
һ뷨Ӧÿͻŵ¶˷ܵɫ 
һ˼뷨˵ǲȡ̽ս̽ᣬԶ̽ȡʤ 
͵ؿ˳һۣһǸСһ𳤴ģ³֪ΪŲôµ 
ԣԼᡣ˵ 
ֵܷӦ 
ĸ˵ƶǶ̽򣬳ʲߣɶ̽ÿ˶ֺֿݵţǶ̽ǰϣҪ߶ĬĬǵơ 
̫ˣѾǿ˷ˣʣµ룬Ǻúϰ̽ս 
Էȥóȫϰһ֡   
ʮ ħʽѵ(9)   
ɵ˰죬ûһˣԷȥĿˮ˳Իű߸һɵʹܣԷˣ 
Ȼѵǳ˳ǵĶ̽սѾʾĳЧÿһŶ졢ݡ׼ҵ쳣Ͳͣһһ˾ŵ 
ýζÿһŵʱڴѸٵжһ£Ȼ˾ȣͰ뷨˾Ч͸˵㵸뷨˾ȴʧˣһ˾ȷûа뷨˾ЧͼһԼ뷨Ĳ뷨ܲͲȡİ취һɹûа뷨˾ʧܣʹܡ 
󲿷˾ȣ뷨͵жȻ˵һ¡ 
һҪ˵ѼѣŮ齨ôԱγûӣġ   
ʮ ǳ(1)   
תͷĽؿ˽һۣھӦúͽһվ򳡱ϣΪഺ͡ڱǰ˼Ϳںţഺ޵ս񣡿ϧûлẰˡ 
53 
ڶ̽սгЧĴӦ˽ֵܵҪ󣬳ͺǿԳȥһߡ 
ֵͣܡͺͽһ߶죬һ߻ϲصܳȥˣ˼죬ǱﻵˣҲûкúóԡ 
ȥԵ㻭СԾͺˡ˸תˡ 
ͳûгȥǻоһ̽սŪø 
Ӿرߵɳ̲ϣʱִʱһЦʱվʱϱȻš 
ǵҹ΢΢شţֲ㡣 
Ѿˡ 
˿ֱüͷʮˡ 
ȻƵģô 
ֵܡͺͽѾȥСʱˣ˵ʮӻġ 
ʲô°ɣ뵽ֵǲǴʲôˡ 
ֲĺӣǵֻɡվ 
һһ߲͵ֻû˽ӣβ˽ֵܵĵ绰û˽ӣֻ޿κεض̯̯֡ 
û˽ӡ 
ǻصڿֵʮӣĸ˻ʼͣذҡ̨һ̲סˣҡſȥ 
ȥǡ 
ʱſһ 
ˡһ 
ȴɫ΢΢ˣԣ˾ͻˣˣû°ȸʲôһ̤ſڣһǳʲô£ 
ûǳˡ 
ſڣӭͷϽɫҰףײ복Ļ죡ˣ 
ԭֵܡͺͽڻǹһȦ·һ԰ʽĴŵ˵ˣһҪڴŵЩֵܺ͵ʱҲûԱȻͬˡ 
һһӣһЩǵСԣҪƿơơ 
ԵһʱλźȹӵŮѧӣԱߵӡ 
λŮúƯд۾üëҪǣǳһģһһ˫̥ 
ֵ̼ιûУ˫̥أ 
ѵΪϾһ˫̥ѽЦǡ 
ͲĿһǶԽûЦ٣ϣʡʣͦԵҪҪҸǣߴʲôģ 
һ߶ԽֵܼüŪۣһߺŻʢţ 
ǶԽû˼ˣҲҪƿơƣǺܿ췢ԱߵĽֵܣʱ߿ţ̸ʲôԳԵЦ 
ϣʺͽ̲סվһһơƣߵûǰңܲǺһƣ 
Ӣ˫ֵ̥кøУǶݸһЦãûѽֵеľƱЦ 
ɣǻûϹ˫ֵ̥أǽһ˵Ʊʾš   
ʮ ǳ(2)   
ô˧˧أҲƱ;ˣһɡ 
ֵܱûЦݺͿ佱Ūûͷԣһͷһơƾ͹ȥ 
°ɡҲѾһ 
ֵ 
Ϳ˿ֱŵˣӦûȥˡվнֵܣȻһˣľֱǶԽû߹ȥûɫ䣬ɪɪض㵽ֵܵı 
Сӳ˱ӵˣȻϴ椣һδһ־ͳϣץȥ 
ˣ͸Ͻ߹ȥҪͣ˭֪и˺Ȼ֣һȭ˹͵Ķӣʹȥ 
ֵһûͷȥδ󺺴һš 
ڳԶĹ˿һˣ׷׶·ӡ 
һûȥһͱҲ֪ȥУƾʲôˣ 
٣椶ζҪһ߰ɣϴһϲһͷЦ𽪰°͡ 
һžһǶ˦ӵϡ 
߳ŭͻȻͳһѵɵžһ򿪣ЦСѾͷŲƯϻʮ֣ 
ѩĵɺһӱƹ㡣 
ץһӳ˹ȥһ㿪һһ򽪰̹ 
۾ûϣһӰһվȣˤڵϣǺӰϡ 
ñӰѹŵճģȥһŵôһѪһˤϵĺӰһУͣ㲻Ҫ 
ӺŵؿеĵѪһһεصŵһӵɵȾܣһҪֳҲһɢ 
ֵҪֻоȻͱŷԼֻ͵ֻڻսб˳͵ˡ 
ǶԽû绰ľȻ 
ֵҽԺæͳ 
ôΣ𣿡ż֣Ҫǳʲô⣬ôҽ 
֪ҡҡͷָǰ棬ҽԺˡ 
߽ҽԺֵܴͷɥ棬ӭͳ˵Բ𣡡 
54 
ҪΪҶ 
ѹĵһ仰ɫҰ׵ڲϣһҿƫˣû˵Ҫֻ˺ܶѪ 
Ա˵ 
ҪҵλãͻǼᶨؿҪ 
ԱҲ侲˵ 
ֵҲеؿû˵Ǵ￴óⳡ 
ˣôһոնµսֵҪƷƶһµսҪǣ˾٣һˣ̽Ļᡣ 
ǡ 
Ҫ 
ò׽ģİѵȫҪô 
 
̧ͷ˵ƶսƻֻһˣҲҪȥ   
ʮ ǳ(3)   
̫ˣֵ໥ơ 
Ŀ⾼ص˵ͷ 
ס˾ֲҪͬǡͳ˵ÿ˵һ־һüͷ 
ģҲ֪ġͷ 
ֵ۾һգգض͡ 
ֵʣҲ𣿡 
ϣʺ˵ͣڳˡΪΪһһ˭ᵲ 
Ϊղ˵ĻҲؼһ䡣 
͵ǣһ£Цˡ 
һֱûпڵĽͻȻͣ 
ʲôе˶һʲôһ׷תͷŴͿŽ񿴵һһ 
˵͵λӣ˵Աһһֵ˵ΪΪ˵ģΪǲһ˳սҪǣΪϲԱ룡 
㣡ֵܵͲû£ŵøˡ 
㣡ѵ⸱顣 
㣡־͡ 
ңǿң 
㣡͵۾ų㣬һеġ۹˾ȵжϺ˾ȽǶȣȻϲΪȻʵﻹǰԾڽ˾ȵļ⣬ȥҪѽѵһԱ 
ңĿûйôᶨ 
ѵʱ䡣ͷ 
ҹ˵ȴôңǵһʿܹʲô¡һʲôҲûУֵһһ߻ͷﻹ˵ؿϸһҪףһ£ 
ʽʼΪһԱѵ 
ԭ˵ʵȥ֮Ҫ 
ϱصԱװóصüҪѹ塣ⶼ㲻ʲôվǰ棬Űɫתŷɹʱ֪ 
飬ǰһˣصغȻˤڵϣðǡ 
ȴɽţ 
׼ȷķ˹ȥôȴû˳ȥ 
һʱڵϷΡȫһֱۣۣϥۣͷۡ 
ԭʵܵԭӵװôˤһӶ۵Ҫҧˡ 
û°ɣ˹ 
ҧҧվû£ 
ǶȺͷ򶼺׼ȷٶȺȲһ԰ѾǺܲĿͷˣͣĽļܿˣ۵ֱ 
ˣ 
ˣ 
ˤ 
ҧ 
 
ˣ 
ˤˣ 
 
 
˾ȳɹһֵܴ 
ˣ 
ˣ 
ˤ 
ҧ 
 
ˣ 
ˤˣ 
 
 
˳һ 
ͣ 
ɹԽԽˣ˷ܵش󺰡 
ˣһһεһһεˤ˵ԼѾЩصװ˳վڿУصűصطصˤٴˤ   
ʮ ǳ(4)   
55 
 
һ磬ž˿ӼഺĶԱ 
ԱѾۼ˺ѹѹһƬˣ˾㲻㳲Ҳһ룬дѧҲкܶ˺Сǵϴкͺ棬˶Ѿǹ˽ıҪûǵǣΪĿ˾ֲǵĺΪһĨʤɫ 
ϣԱϳˣλжŴְֲҵԱ 
߶Աˣÿ˶еɱڵġ 
жϳ໥ƱʾһΡ 
쳤ӣĴѰҽӰѾͷʱȻ֣ѵлȥˣʮ첻ӻ뽪ģǳζͶˡ 
ӺܿעӽڲڵתƵȥˡ 
λӳ߳һеһӲң˵һʲôӦţаӲҵŴҵһףӲڿз˼ڵϡпһ£ٶ˵һʲôָ򳡵һʾѡһߵĳء 
ӳӣߵĶԱԾһ𣬶ӳ֣ϣѹϣһֱһ˴˹ľȻԼĳء 
Աһ˸ˣֲټϣԵ򳡸տˡ 
ɨ۶ԷΣɣҲ2111ΡӢδǰǰţԱӦԪˡӳǰ档 
Ųеһʼ 
վгӶƯһ͵͵طԷء־ȡʤĿ˶󣬾ഺط˽ 
ǰɱഺӱѹ˰볡 
֮ͻ˳ɵĵһߣɵһǰӦšŸӸߴ󣬿ļȴޱȣֱ룬Ӳֵܵĺߣһƥһʱ죬ԥڽڷһӸˣž䡣 
ţҰ㣡ûػֱۣ 
þ߰ŵرԱûϳʱڶֻͣ죬ҪԸ˶ĸްĶԱĽտյģͷҲտյģڣҲԱ˫ԱȻ͸ĴѰĿˣֻһЩңԶӵоԼڳصĻϥͻͣһʱ䣬ɻǲֵˡҪһͺˣȡͿԻȥһˡ 
裬˵Ļʲô飬ֻҪʼˣͲҪ 
Ҫ 
͵񣬺ܼᶨһڲ϶ʱɡ 
ϳ 
棬ûԷԱԪһͷ⣬ڻöԷ֪ԭԱͣҲھòк͹֪ഺԱʵǸεεŮ 
һַʱеϴȻֹͣ˲Ϊ֤ԼѾֹͣ˲͵͵˶ţģĲˣղŵĲֻһʼΧһУ˻治أ˽ӣųȹͳѥŮ   
ʮ ǳ(5)   
󣬽ѾԼȫվǰ棬濪ȣ΢΢ǰ򳡣ųµǸɫɫСһ 
Ǳ 
Ա 
Ա 
ȻһȣȶѸٴ۾ϡͷ촽Ȼֻѵ죬ǣһҪ֤һɫԱ 
ˡ 
۾һգգضǸɫСںĸ´ţȻһɣ׼ȷطɵŵĸ¡ 
ѽ 
е롣 
ȻǶԷҪš 
ҪǼഺ֪뷨Źأ 
һ֣ϣȻһ֧ɫļ򽪰 
߿ţ 
ͷһ˾Ѿȥ֣Щصװ·һӲˣƮƮط 
ѽֻӵļɤź򣡡 
ֻͷײϣһһ۶۵ʹӺͷͷ 
⣬𵴣һҽС 
ǿúƫһ㣬˳ȥഺԱʱ򣬺ݺݵһͷײϣ 
˺Ȳʣ˹ƣ 
֪Ϊһ˷˺ȵʹĵƣΪԱȻû˵Ǻ׼ȷж϶أ 
ڵſһܰգ֪ղһǲǺܶˣഺ 
еؿŽ޲ȥײôˣǱֻñԼλñ߻ͷ 
ղھεһۣﲻû֣ȫǵġɵø˲أȫڶڳЦ¡ 
56 
һȻƫȴع˿˶ӵʿ໥ƣÿ˵˷֮顣 
עϣ 
ڳغ˶ӣ˭ഺ񣡿˶ӣɨһУ 
תͷĽؿ˽һۣھӦúͽһվ򳡱ϣΪഺ͡ڱǰ˼Ϳںţഺ޵ս񣡿ϧûлẰˡ 
гһ򣬽һֻ˺򣬿˶Ӻˣഺưˣɫ򣬰ɫľ飡ûԱ 
Ӷˡһһ㣬󳡼ٹιȥӢϽأһʣһ˻ӳʷȥҪס䲻δбӳһˣס 
񣡡Ӱ״Լ 
ӣܳҮԱߵһŮס䡣 
δ˺񣬺ӹûκһ߻ڵŷȥѾĵӣഺڽڳַʧץסʧ󣬵ϣӸ䡣 
ⷢһ󻶺 
һֱŵˡ 
 
ڶ˹ȥ   
ʮ ǳ(6)   
ֱǣ 
һ㣡 
˶Ȱͷ 
⻶ˣ⻶ڽĶ˺üʮ⻶нӵļƴһͻţ㣡˶ӣ 
ɶ 
վ˲ȵľֻۣһͷ˾ʧܣÿ˶ӹһҿͳǣʱһҺʧɣòѽ 
ͣǲǾͿס 
ɫľ飬˳һԾ󣬾ڽ޹ء 
ٶȣ 
ٿһ㣬Ӧÿ˳ȥɣ˿ĽǶȡ΢΢ҡҡͷǸǣ 
ǣҵٶȹ죬Ծһ㣬Ҳȫû˾ȵġԼȣֻһķߣûЩɶķߣҿ϶Ծһ㣬һ㣬Ϳ˵Ǹɶˡ 
ݽ룬µһῪʼˡ 
һ֮󣬼ഺӼǿǰĽȣǣǵĽƺв˶ӵš 
Ӻ󣬾ҵĽӢڶԷʮڷط棬ഺӻ˱ĵһ̽ 
ʽһϾʮ׵ı־һֻվڳ⣬˿ͷûлӶ˻򣬶ǽ򻺻򳵶Ƴ 
ӹ̽͵һǻӸ˵䡣 
پףƲɵ 
һ 
Ŵ͡ 
ۿֱš 
˶Ԫ˳ǧһʱһ˳š 
Ӽ񺰣Ԫ㣡Ҫѿ˶ӵÿ˶һŻա 
һĽǶȻƽǳ֮Ԫһ˳ɹΪԣǰˤڵϰ 
дӣҪΪһȻˡѹԪԪˣؿڶʹ 
򣬱뾭ָ 
Աص㣬˶Ǻ񣬼ഺǳҲűĶߣվмĵ档վ⣬Դӡ 
쳤ӣ֪ʲôϷֻͳһҲĵ棬Ȼ쵽ϷöԷ 
ǸʲôôŴžСӵİϷˣϡŹ֡ 
ͳؽţκ󣬳ȴ漴˱״̬ 
ֿʼˣ 
Ҳûôһ¡Ѿ۾ֻܶȻʹûдӸղһлָһ̰ɣһɽеľͷ 
ĺڰ־ʹ㶼ˣʲô 
˫չǿҵĹƣ˭Ҳ˭˶ԱĿȻǿڼഺӣ뽫󣬼ഺʾԳƣܲ͸磬ÿ˶ǰ 
뽩ֽ׶Σһֱϰ볡ǿ˶ӻǼഺӣûȡᡣ   
ʮ ǳ(7)   
û 
гϢʮӡ 
෴ķ˳򳡡 
˳һΣûٻһŻᡣƶĶ̽սûϡע⣬õȶ̽ᣬҪ̽ᡣԳͽֵ˵ʵսǵĬȸˣֻǻûл֤ʵһǵĶ̽ս°볡صڶ̽ϡ 
°볡Ӳпᡣһ䣬е¿ʼ 
ֵɫصص˵ͷû˵ֱǽƽʱĽֵܣûмֵ⸱֣µı飬Щȴһ˸жĵط 
ܼסɣ̫һĽһݵŮ¶СۺΡ 
ͷûôӾġ 
μӾʱӾһηصʱӾرϵʱͣŤ˽ףΪ˲Ա߹ۿʧûпҧֵȻֻ˸ǾǾȹھýԺ 
ģļȻĵֻǷߣǽоֵ¶ȡ 
ָָ򳡶Ľ˵ҾüഺԱеֵֹģͰɣǵŮôȵ죬ôôصıһҲժͷ졣 
ÿ˶ԼĹƧ¡ſԶ˵͵жϷǳ׼ȷ°볡ʱһҪע⣬˾ȵǡ 
ж׼ȷٶȲҾԱ̫вδЩĵؿ˿Ľ 
κʱ򶼲У񾯸   
ʮ ꡤ֮ս(1)   
Ծǰδеĸ߶ȣұǱһžһϣɫתţȻŷȥ۸һ 
57 
°볡ʼˣӽء 
һ졣 
˶ӢӵĹƱϰ볡޼ഺҪһ򣬿˶ҪսȻֻʮˣƺڶʮ˵ıǼҵսʹڶȫȻֻһ 
ӺԷǰƽ˶ӺӢδǵ£޷ƾ棬һתʱ˵ߡ 
Ĺһϧ 
һഺٴοϣʮ֮г򷸹棬ഺǰ˿Էţһ촽һӸˣֱѡšһڣϧӦĳֻһδڽ򣬿˶Ӻܿ첹ڽЭδһ顣 
ʮӹȥˡ 
ԪͽͽȻţ¿ɸɡ 
ԼӶɵñۿˣʹһԱѵʱҪһĿѵӵ 
֮⣬ǿҵɹ£ͷͱķþ߾ͳһڸ˸ӵ棬һĺ㡣 
Լ챻ڻһ̲ˮӺķȥ 
ɧ 
ٱ񣬰Ŀһɸ˿ֱϵϹϡ 
ѾǵʮˣͻȻϣҲͻڣ˼ഺȫĵڶ̽ 
ϣˣ 
һƯбӣ̽ŽӦȵͣ¡ϣܿŵȻӶװţɻңڻʵŵᣬתŵһƯɨ䣬ɫһֱ˿˶ӵš 
ԪΪϣʵ䣬ࡣ 
һĿա 
ʱɨұߡ 
Ԫɵˣһ磬Ҳڶ˾ˡ 
ɫ˿̵ѣĿĹ⣬һŻһųİɫβͣš 
ƯȻԼҲ֣æһƨߵĻˮһӿ𣬽һ棺ιǻǲǻˣ 
˭ҲûĻˣҲֹͣȲʣʵ̫Ưˣϣɨ䣡 
һһһ 
ΪʧѹͻȻΪΣֱ̫࣡ˣ 
꣡ 
ഺ꣡ 
ղǸ򣬾ǽҲˣκһˣ޷ɾĽ 
ţഺÿ˶һƣܵǰһƣ˽ִ˼Ӳ֣һ֮£ʹֱ 
һЦ 
ţҲɵò̾һȷʵƯֿǰĬʿ˾ֲ޷ﵽġ   
ʮ ꡤ֮ս(2)   
Ľ򼫴ؼ˼ഺڳϵĶ־ÿ˵Ǳ˳˲̻˼ഺӵǰ 
˾ֲʧһഺϬĽȷˡ 
ʮ߷ӣ˾ֲӢһһ磬Ю򣬽͵ഺֲڣ˶ӻһ̽ 
̽ 
ѵУʶ̡˾ȵļǶ̽ 
۾ζסԼƺˣһĹڹһ紦ӣȴŻᡣ 
Ӣ̽򷢳δ񣬺Ѹһ۽ڽҲӸ˵䡣 
Х򽪰 
ٿȻΪһ壬ðԾ 
ɣ 
ҷɣ 
ֱȻһʹ 
ƺڿͣһ£žصڵϡ 
ã 
Ư 
 
 
ڴ 
ˤڵϣܹ֣Ͻһֻ֣һ֣ܹȥǽֵܣλһ»бڵϵĽ֣Ҷͬ˵һȻҲܹȥˡҲһһ½һ֡ 
֪һУ 
ܹȥµ仰ʱһͦԾһװʵ̫ˣͦûŤѽһššüëֻʵʵ 
ʮӣ 
ϵպȻ 
ƺҲʼеţȻǻǵˣǸղżഺӵıһЩվһ֧ߣɴһͳֻ 
ץһɿһһӡƯСӣӣ 
58 
ʱ޶ࡣ 
Ӷ˼սپ̵ʱٽһʤ֡ 
ʽսʼ 
ϢȫֻĿڵĹͷƶ 
ʮӣڽڷ棬˶ٴӮһ̽ 
ᡣ 
˶ٽһ򣬻ս֡ 
һǶ̽Žס̺š 
񾭣Ѹжƫš 
ǲ 
룬ҪиһԼഺˡ׼򣬷ȥ 
ڲӢһŵƫţȻһˡ·һı˷ֱ뼫ഺӵţ 
ɵˣ 
Ҳˣ 
Ӧڣ 
Ӧˤڵأ 
Ӣſ˫ۣϲƳ񺰣׷ǡδ˵ڵϣţĸ˲ڵϡ 
ӵļܰ˽ѣֻûˡ 
ڵϣϣʱлɽҽֱӺ䵽ȥˡ 
ֵһйƤһɫס 
 
һǻʱ䣡   
ʮ ꡤ֮ս(3)   
ķӣ 
ˣ 
ഺĶԱ¶׳ɫһ¾̽˴ˡ 
һӣδĹ򣬷ɫĸһǧߵңһͷıӣ˭Ҳ޷ 
ھ·˲ȫʧȥ 
ͻ˶ӽлһߣһĻ䣬˶ӵŽԪ˾Ȳ 
ȶ 
Ǽഺ͹һ𺰳ģ 
漣죡ֱ˲ţ 
°볡кͿ˶гԱĿɿڴഺĶԱѾڵ˳һѣഷһƬˡ 
ʤ 
ʤ 
ڿʼнŽະ 
ʤҪмʱڼʱУȽĶӮñʤ֮ʤΪġʤʹļʱļʱӾʣӽšѹֹڱֵô˷쳣ˡ 
Ϣʱ䡣ֵؿŲͷĽƯСӿˡ 
ʱܿ쿪ʼˡ 
ųصĲ򳡣ʱĸһģһҷǵñﲻɡǰͷһɽһͷڵغһͷĿһһȫ¡ 
ϵۣɣôУֻҪҪʼݷǸڱصװ½ƣĽһذΧĽŭ˵Ϣ֪ôû־ͲҪμӱˡ 
ڶʱ򣬼ҵļʱѾʼˡ 
򣡽 
ÿ˺񶼺ֻۣҪһ򣬾Ϳȥˡ 
ǰƴɱ 
ֹͣ˼룬ղϢʱʲôǡʤףֻҪһиʧĵľͻǽӡ 
ýӿġüഺ֮续Ļǻľš 
ãڽڽڷط棬ʹ˶ӻһ̽ 
һ޵Ƥټһëͻᡰһϵ 
ӢƳ̽򣬽۾ճϡ 
ϣ̫ˣӢĶ̽򷢳ʱʱǰߡ 
Ա˸ƣз 
ڿʼ˷ 
Ӳ֪ŪһСӣվ棬ʹػеɿӣʤ˾ֲʤ 
żͣ 
򣡡 
⼸ŵӣֱӣȭͷ 
վ˷ϡ 
Աλڽʮ⡣ 
ͷԼ˵ҪʧҷһӲܳԽ˫ŷֿȵվϣèеŴĽǶʿ 
ƷĲԱȷϷԱԱ׼ʾʼ 
ſӹһ˿΢Ц̵ؽԾ 
ЦʲôЦһٳ   
ʮ ꡤ֮ս(4)   
ŵڽͫл 
 
е˶ڲ²⡣ 
Щֻ֪ŵסⳡͻ 
һҪⳡȥ 
ŵЦδȻɵһɫڽԽתԽȽ 
һ˹ȥ˵һϣͷϣһΣˤڵϡ 
Үֵһ߸ߣӵһһϲŭɫĳһ΢Ц໥һơ 
罪Ը 
59 
ıǿ˶ӻǼഺӣڳϵսڼ򵥡ֻм򵥣սЧսǶ׿˸ַӵļֱӵİ취׷ţսƴOս 
ഺӻζ̽ᣬһαδϻ⣬ζɳȴŽԪʵ˾˳ȥ 
˶ĴŻᣬڽڽӵӢһ䵽ϣαֵ˾ȵ⡣ 
Ѿ쵽ܵļˡ 
Լʱпܱصķ¡һѹ壬ڵϣһƬ 
ӶôҸԳɿ 
ʱԶҲ겻ˣԶ˾ȣˤ˾ȣˤͣЪֹ 
֪˶꣬Ա漣 
ֱǸ 
̱ڵϡ 
ʱһʮӽˣǱûн 
ڵͻ 
򣡡 
򣡡 
۳һХ 
 
ȻյġʤôһŴ̼пĵɣ˴۸ʤǳѵˣһ 
ͷһɣĻġϣе㲻ĵؿڵϡͷķֺˮĽ 
ԣǵˡҲͬ˵ 
һڻؾΪǵ˵۾ͻϣںͿ˶Ӳ֣ҲܵӰġټּӾˡͦסǻǷǵĵɡ 
۵ؿŽ 
ĿһСϪˮ뽪ýָ˲Ԫ 
ٶȡҪٶȡĽļ 
Ŀͷ˸ᶨص˵ͷ 
Ӵӵߵ˶ӶԱϢأ˵ţҾüഺӵԱ⡣ 
ôˣӵ쿪⣬ʲôϵʲôϵһӣعƿˮʣ°ƿͷһˮ˳ͷɫͷҲһְɫ 
ôûϵһǼഺӵĳԱӴ˵ 
ΪʲôԪʡ 
Ϊ֣ÿһϢʱ䶼ûһٰͷжûԱϢʱҲжͷ͸͸ģ˭ҲϲڴԼͷǸոս˼ҵ˶󡣡ԶԶؿŽǱصӡ   
ʮ ꡤ֮ս(5)   
˵ǰԪҲ˳ŽӵĿȥǲһء¶Եͬ 
Ӻܵ˵ҵĹ۲ɣԱһƯСӣ϶ְҵԱôġ 
ҪҪ߲Աȷһ£δ˵ǲƽǻᴦڲ 
һ£˵ôģ˵һͣǻᱻ˳Цġ 
ͬӳ˵öԣǣ֤ʵڲҪðȻж 
ſԪԪһжˣ 
Ԫ֣θƣʾΡ 
ԱεرĴ̶ȫΪ֮һ 
˫ԱжӶ롣 
ĿǣеĿ̳ı׳о 
һֵսʼ 
˾ֲɳĺվһţֱ໥ڼϣؿһ 
߳վϣһ˵ҪǻԽĻ͸ҺݺݵذѺ˳ȥ 
ȵվţɫͷºһ͸˿ 
Ͼ˸о޴ѹԭһİκѹҪ 
ɣźµ򣬻ˣ 
ѸײڶٶȻӸˣֻһӰӣһɫ硣 
һԾ 
ɫ𻨣ֵףϨ 
 
Ǿ 
񣬰㣡Խӣӵû 
ڲγѣ 
˶ȴ侲ֻǰһºơ 
ӵ֪ԼںδҲ֪ԼڸʲôƵģҵ·ôôģ 
û˹һѣഺѾ˱ս״̬ 
Ƚеû˶һվһ𣬶վһţű˴˵֡ 
Ԫ׼ˣ۾ݺݵضŽʵˡ 
 
һ˹ 
ԪƱصӰһˣȥֹסԹԵ֮⣡ 
Ȳ𣡼ŽӵļУԪ㣡 
˶໥ӵ 
ʵɫˡϣӵһµܵܡ 
ֻǵһ֡Ž˵ǻлᣡ˵꣬ĿͶŵĽ 
оĿ⣬˵Ŀ⣬ûлͷ 
ٶȣ 
ٶȣ 
Լ˵ 
60 
š˶ӵĶӳ 
˿ɫͷ 
ֻҪ˳ȥֻҪ˳ȥ 
ͷȻסŵ 
ֻҪһҾԼĸож˾ȣһܸٶȡ 
 
ŵ΢ 
Ծ 
ڵ۾ˣ¶Ծģ 
е۾Ҳֱˡ 
˶ӺͼഺĶԱ϶Գ˼顣   
ʮ ꡤ֮ս(6)   
ûзɳԱͷ 
ѵͷˣ 
ֻƽ۾ȴϲúͲ죡 
ŵϳ˺Īı顣 
ջˡ 
Ѿ˳ȥ 
һ͵硣 
򽪰Ϯȥ 
ͻȻ粻ˡ 
û˽ 
ӿĺХ 
򳡵Ͽտ 
ǵϿտ 
ںХУشĻȡһɫľ顣 
 
Ļˣ 
ʺͽϣ͵һӵڲݵϡ 
ͳֽһ 
ഺڶǳ 
һƽʱĴݣһֱǡ 
Ԫӵе㲻ŵؿŻڵ΢תŵ 
һһ 
һɿػżòƵĹڡ 
ֿʼ 
ᶨȥͻȻ߹һʲôݸܱصؽӹŵ޵̯׵֣Ͼһ֦޹²ݣ̵ҶӣϵĻͷ׾ߵǰվϣ 
ڳ˶һĻ֪ഺӵĶӳ͸ԼԱʲôصıʤ 
ڸʲô 
վԱߵӢͷԼĶѡ 
ǸʲôֻҪͽžͿˣ˵ 
Ӣ񣬿ţ֪Ϊʲôİ΢΢ǸֵԱղȻԤ֪ķͽǶȣ񻰰˳ӳͬһ 
 
ӢһԥӶˡ 
һԥ˽Ƕƫһ㡣 
ȻһЦû 
ɫ顱ػϣ 
ǱȵƣһЦȴͷ 
ȫһ£ͺȲ 
̫ˣԱȻվŲǶ΢ƫһ㣬ǲվſԷ 
ǣȷȷʵʵطȥˡ 
⾫ȷжϡ򶨣ֱ㵹 
ഺĶӳϳˡ 
еĵվԱߣе˶̫ˣΪģֻн֪ıԽģʵԽ档 
Ԫ֪ԵǼഺԼ˶ˣһŴ󹭣ʱ׼ͼ 
ĵؽһڲݵϰĥʱһС 
Ԫһ˳ 
ȴɵתţ߲˹ȥһֻСһԹԵͶУ 
һ 
ڱһɣżš 
ڴ󺰣ഺ˭ഺ񣡡 
ӰһɿӽͣϣŸղźе˴еι˭㳭ϮҵĿںˣղź˶ӣ˭ഺ񡱣˭֪˼סˣʱ򻹸ͷΪഺͣ   
ʮ ꡤ֮ս(7)   
ֿʼ 
ͷһ㣬޹²ݷڱӵ£һޱѣԼֱԿԼװ׵Խˡ 
δǿ򶨵ؿŽֱ˳ˡ 
һ㲻иضδˡ 
򳡵Ͽա 
δ͵һӸˡ 
ǣ 
Ծǰδеĸ߶ȣұǱһžһϣɫתţȻŷȥ۸һ 
ûУ 
ȫÿ˵жʡ 
˵۾ȫŲԱԱСŹȥ˿Ȼվ 
⣡ 
ַ 
ˣ 
ˣ 
ഺ˭ഺ񣡡 
˭ഺ񣡡 
У飡Ϯ 
ǣ˭ҲûȻڷߺ 
˭ഺ񣡡 
˭ഺ񣡡 
ϣڹڵĿ߳ 
ǸؼĵˣֵͲҪˡ 
Ԫž޴ѹվϡ 
εԵرر𳤣ֱ볡ÿһ˵ 
еĿ⡰ৡػ㼯ڽϣʽµϡ 
ϣʿһ򳡱ߵĽᶨ䡣 
˳ȥ 
Ԫ෴ķԾȥ 
жʧ 
һѳɶ֣ 
һ 
ഺ 
ഺ 
˿񻶵ĺеĻ˶Լǻˣ 
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ഺ磡 
˶ӵĳԱһƨڲݵϣɥƣĽ֡ 
ӡشӵԱܹȥ 
ʤĻУ˭Ҳûע⵽򳡱ϵĽصȥ 
61 
ʲôԱüͷ˵ԷԱǼഺĳԱ 
ӵͷ˵ǿժͷ 
ԱϻڵϹһЦһŵļഺλԱʣԱأ 
Աأ 
˰ɡĴûഺԱƲƲǣ˵һηǱˡ 
أУȻ 
ǰأഺĵһŹأ 
ȷֵڵϵĽһָ򳡱ϣ˵ιȥˣ 
һԾ𣬳񱼹ȥֵܸں档 
𽪰һժǳصͷ 
ڵõţɫף˫۽ա 
ĽǼ˹һǰδеļǽû뵽ഺµԱȻϳʱҵĽ 
һԲְֵ˽ŵذѽеķжһһһڵϡ 
ʲôǸСĿɿڴ   
ʮ ꡤ֮ս(8)   
ǽôǽšδԪӢҲ˹һĿɿڴ 
ȻǸѾͷǸɽԹǱСѾͷ 
ҽԺŻعУˣôȵ죡 
æ𽪰ȥ 
ǸŮ 
ԭǸѾͷ 
˼飡 
찡 
ҲԱǸСѾͷ 
Ƿ׷׸Ա· 
ŲĵѣĻ΢΢ſ۾ÿͷֵؿīĺ۾Сӣڸʲôң 
꣩
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