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 1 

ʲôʱ֪ԼͬģѾûӡеʱĶ㲻һ꣬ʳóԷأи˶˷棬Ҳûô⣬ɺһֱڶеŤվҪߣæס˵뽻ѡ
ôϡͿģշת֪ϻôһˣЩ˻ؼֵΪһġ
Ӧöǵ͵ģɺŷϲ˼˶ˡ
⡣
˭˶Ĵһ˧СŨüĸߴƢϲʲô˲ܵƵĸĵһ
أǸܰˣԯ޵Ը񣬿ƫƫʼʱ򣬻˶Էһ
ǶʱУ԰ܿŵɵ⡣
ֻǺþԭΪЩŵͳ޷ܵȱ㣬ľګس˴ӡ̳һлһ֪ÿ찴ʱԼȥͼѧϰ
õʱӿ鶼Ҹõʱôûû˵Լĵ£ͷˡ
Ϳʼұˣ⵹Ҳֵ£أһıȽ࣬ĿǰΪֹ˻ڴ׶Σе᲻ھͷ֣ԸٲãҲüĿ꣬ô˵ôһֱŲĹңӡ
ҹ·߶ˣܻŹ
ͺģԼʱ
ֵĺܵ壬˸кˡ
Ūϰ˼죬Ըѻ˵ʱ˱˶ۣǾ̡
һ¶ľԼ̸
Ӧĺʹ죬ʱ򻹲ϼѧϰ顣
νҲǼ򵥵ļ仰޷ҾԸ񲻺ʣҿǵѰɣ룬һûϴأʵ˽ͻʲô¶Ը
ҲԤ͵ͷ˵Ǻðɡ
»ⲻˣַܶ˵Σ߳ŭί󣬻ָʲôģABCȵӦԷ
ֻƵĵ˵ͷϰȥˡ
ˣƵ̲סһѪô˵ԼҲĳôôģ¹ȥǰΣźú¹ˣ˵ԼǱǹʹģǻǲ㳲ӡ
Ҫǰ˹ӰۣҪ⡣
ֻ֪ٲ

 2 

ڻǵǸСֳͬס˲ˣӡסǼңΪǼĺøơ
ƼϤĿԱ۾ôȥˣסǸطһֱû뿪
ԺиˮܣƼҿŵĹɢģʱƾͻšˮܸˮǹ飬ˮ첱ˮϣÿκȺˮкӵĹ˦˦̫źӺëϣܷ
еļ䶼ͣһ̡
ɽˮ䵽ƵĴϣ͸Ƹ˿Ƶô
Ҫ˾ͻǼ䷿ߺơ
ʱ󲿷ʱ䶼ƼҵԺƼҵԺӺܴ󣬶ƼҵĴܳţķ紵ˡ
淿ǰ˸㴻ÿ굽ʱ㴻һСѿͽǼȥժ㴻ժĶˣͻץһؼҡ
ҾסƼҸڣɵطƼСˣҲ˫׵ӡǳǳʱĸæµţ󲿷ʱǸƻһģͬһ׶԰ͬһСѧͬһѧ
Сѧʱϵͬһͼ࣬ĺӶǸסҵģ˵һ⣬֮ÿѧƾͰؼҡ
ѧУǸͬʵ̫ˣƿμʱܻؼȥԸƻ
岻ãʼʱżϰൽʱ򣬻ϾڼˣұСְиţ˵ţܲϲǸңܵƼȥ档
º󣬲֪ԼʱжôĮ֪ҲѾˣ֪ǲù˵ǼҵķˮãȥûúҲȥˡ
ϸС
ԼǵǶһ죬Щôϵݹ˿Ͷˡ
úȥԼ˯ܲãӦÿޣȴһᶼûУֻһ֪ãȻڴͷƾԡ
۾˿ͷߵֱʱָĵķ֪ԼҲ˯ˣֻüŷ
֪ԼôˣôȻСʱ£һʼ޷Ƶģһӿ˳
Ƴĺףüë͸Ƶģ˵ɤŻҪǴСʶߡ
СʱݣҲÿסԺʱƾͻܹȥһԡ
ƼҾڸڣӱҴˣʵʲôУƻиǿǿǴ꣬治һȥ
󲿷ʱǸƻ죬ϲСʹָʹǸģԽԽƾͰõĸˡ
СʱС˲ʶˣҿĸСƵġ
Ƶ첻µز£ǰԺԺĸǲ٣ҲϲͷţõĻΪܰҵ
ӲʧСѧ꼶ҵͶģӺʹѧãʱѧʦϲ
еڣдҵĽжûϣһѧУӣҵֻܸ˴С
ˢϴӺ󣬸˴˸кů¥µˮȥˮһˮ˲࣬ˮͰԼϵĶʰʰŲ˲鱾ȥ
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ѵһˣƿԼľȡ

 3 

һμƣϻ𳵣ƱģǿҪ飬ʵæƾͰ͵վվ̨Ʊ˳ߡ
ﲻϲǸɩӣһưֵĳиŻߣҪһְӵܣǿѾйˣӦƵģƫƫʱǿδܳҪǿȥ˵ǿܽ󳧣Ͳ顣
ȻǸĻµһټƫۣ˵˵ƵֵĹûˡ
ʱΪƲֵձҵҵҲʱͦ˵ģĻڿԽˡ
Ҳ˵ʲôѧУӦ»ŬѧϰҲƵˣż绰
Ҳӵ绰֪˸ʱǰʱѧ⣬Ϸӣ˵Ǯǵ⣬˵Ҫ⿴
˹ʱȥһΣһֱѧУǹʱҲֻҴҼһ棬Ҳ˵ıŤΪ˶ƣܵһĴʮ
Ϊ±Թ䣬˵ԼԽԽˣʱƵɩҲ䳰ȷĶ˵Ǵѧˣôܻǹꡣ
Ȼôͦ˺ĵġ
ҲŸһλᣬôĸǵ㲻ҲĽ֡
ƵıԼʱƳէ⳵һʡ
Ҳ֪Լ⳵ˣæŸʱ䣬Ҳ˲Щˡ
ۿʹȥˣƵѧУſںһ۾Ϳ
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ӵƺŵе˵ƵûǸо§ļôôˡ
һֱҪŵСܡ
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ʱ䲻ˣƾͽʳó緹ʳõķʣЩóԵģ׷ͷģڸСһҪˡ
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е㲻˼˵ûƳԺá
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˵Ŀƣ̲סԷ̵Ͱо֪ӸоͰȥˡ
⻰˵ƹֱЦҲǵ˵Ұ㣬ƽʱװ˹ء
̲סԼļţһС̫٣ǰһүȥϷ㲻֪Ϸǿж³ŮϽִǽи¶ǸŮװ㲻֪ʱǮˣǵǸڴǰˣɵùôģ
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е㵣ģͦҵģɶעⰲȫ
ν˵ҪǮûǮҪɫûɫģɶµģһŮåҰ
һ˵ֻʲôĵĴʵ߶˵ˡ

 4 

Ҳ֪ƶЩʲôֻʱܿ͹ȥˡ
ƵѧУõĵһʳȥԡ
Ʋɣ˵ʲôҪȥķݳԺõġ
֮ǰǸȥΣ֪Щطϲȥģ׼ͻһ뵽ͱܵĿܣӲƵ˵һʳá
һʳõĲȻʳù㣬ĵصóԣȻˣʳɲ١
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˯жξ룬м˳ȥѧϰȥˣĩۿҪˣҲﱧ˱ڿС
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ƱǸϽģ٣͸ղ־ϲȫ
ɩ˵ģǴѧˣһСʱٺãҲһ·ˡ
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ʱսӵ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬עѧǧס޷٣Ǹ˶Ǵġ
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һĶ˵취ѧѡ
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˺û˵ʲô˼ʲôʱԣٻزȥ
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˵ᣬȣǰʣˮƳ
ν˵ʲôˮֻ˸ͳȥˡ
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µʱ򣬶ܸоƵĺŵÿë׶

 5 

һҹסɻǳ˺ູܶ
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˲˼ִһӣһץóƻҲһ˹ȥЦǺǵ˵Ǹˣ˵סһٲ˻æ
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ʧȺУ۾ɬϽ̧ͷĿźĶʱ֪˼ǿԾ̵ġ

 6 

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ƻˣֿ˿Щհװ⣬ЩʳڶʣµĶóϸ˻ųԡ
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صʱѾ½ˡ
ЩϵǸҷųԵģЩ˸˼䣬ˮ˰װҲųһ飬˸ζ
ϴҲ鱾֪˭ͷ˿Ц˵ɹģˡ
˼˵Ϣ˰ɡ
ν˵ǵûʲôһʵڵˣԶ㣬ͦġ
ֻЦЦ
˯ʱҹ˾˼һ⣬ʵǰҲе˿ϵ磬е˿ϵҵЩ˽˺ӺŷԼͬģǧٹ֣û뵽ԼҲи˴СԼһ𳤴һһ˯һϴȥǽģ֮ǰһûС
Ҳ֪ԼǲǿˣȷʵƣԼ׵ķʽţһЩ򵥵Ļ䣬ƵӰӶûУֻЩģĸо
ܾǰẹ̈ģŸһʱȴܲˡ
˵αͬߣ̹ȻԼ
ȴԼǸˣֻ淴
ȴ˼һ⣬ʱƣԼǷҪ᲻ͬ뷨һ֣;Ų˼飬һ뵽ԼпܸëƬơ;ȥˡ
ߵӣͬʲôô̸ѣһ㶼֪Ҳû;ȥ˽⣬ҪҪѵʱ룬ǸԵĻᡣ
ʱȴ޷ƵƣЩҲֱԼĶ

 7 

СʱûôƼݵľ͸ƵģסԺǶӣ˲ҲǴʱƺõĸһƵġ
飬ҳҶ̵˵лģ˭иСǰæʱӵչˣ˵չҲǶһ뷹ѣ󲿷ʱ仹Ǹڽϵ棬ʲôﰡץ֪
ƴСͲǸʡ͵ƣʱҲƵģԼƵĺãԼôôϹˣɵͷһͷ˽ȥ
ĸĸǽģ˻Ƣ˵ϸģӸ黹ĺãûһһ죬ÿΰʱܿ˸첲Ÿ첲ڽֿɢ
ȥǶʱ軹ճóǰõıɹһɹ
ƼҸȫһȫҶǴɤţʲô¶ҪԴһһСһ󳳣Ӿûϸ
ʱƻץĽһˣӲǶص˸̥̥ƣͬһ
Ƶĳ̫һˣʱȫϲİ¾ͺ켦ƻûأҾüĳ˺üˣܰᶯĶ˸׵˵¾ˣƱûʣ
ʱĸʱǮƱʲôģһȥҾͺõĸһƵģӲã˺Ӻе㻺̣ˮ㣬Ļ˵һҲιҲҲ˷ˣͰȥιȻܰռ˱ˣÿµļ̷۶̲˸Ƽȥ
˵ô˵ĸ費ԼĺӣÿζƳԵıˣԵιιҵĺӣСͱһȦ
Сʱ֪أƸõʱ򣬾ͰλΣõʱ򣬾ͰƵһߣ˳ϼơ
ɿ˴ˣ˷ֿɣƫƫһתֺõĸһƵġ
ƸĸΪ̥ˣͿʼСʱҲ٣ԭӵıȲ輦ģƼøԺתʵһðȫˡ
ҵСӿŵӶʣͳ͸ƿӣ費ȥ
ˣϷ㣬ͻȻȻĸһԣӲƵˣҲչ¾һҲҪһ롣
ʱ䳤ˣƸĸƽϣԸһٵû⣬ôԲҲǸ°˽¸˵ˣôɵۡ
һͼˣǼ˶ǴɤţƾͳŲӸ趥죬Ժ׷
Ȼ٣һֱû˵ССҲ֪Ҫ֪ˣ׼ˡ
ҾסڸأƼֵô֣ĸβģܲ²
ƽ͵İеߣҲû˵ֻǶԺʱؼҳԷ
ӱˣȻôˣС˼࣬㻰ڷһ죬ƽҲϳȥɱϾСԣмΣ̲סˣܳϹ졣
˵СǲһģƸӲ˭ҳԷǸ⡣
ٴʱÿε˳Էʱ䣬ܻܻؼңĸȥǶӣƽȥԷҲľܾ
֪šͺôӼ˷ܵԡ
Ƕʱ䲻˵ƾ˵û
ƢôãǶƶ˳ġ

 8 

ǲϰ߸ƴ绰ӹĺѧϰжȹż⡣
ߵֻˣӲȥ˵ֻʶļұѣȻô롣
ÿֻҪͻҫĵ⣬ҪһȦѲƵġ
ڵŷ
ҺÿԺܿͽˣһŻؼҵ£һʰҸϡ
Ҳûʲôʰģ޷ǼһЩϴ·
֮ǰ˸绰ôɶʱȥ˵ͻȥ
Ȼȿһ˰Ҹϣ˶ôô
Ϊߵ磬վûôѧҲп
˵ҪţûԼ˳
糾͵ĵ˼ңﵹûеôࡣ
ѧʱ򣬰ѼıԿ׸ƣûʰʰϴĶϴ˸ʹ衣
ϴڴϣ֪˯ˣʱ򣬾Ϳϴ˯
͸Ƶģţʲô˵Ҳôơ
֪˶ãɫƵͷһᣬ˾ˣߴŹǷ˵ˣ˵ôŲأԭСӻˣôûɣ
˵ܿĲ𣿡
վ˸ǰļ˵֪ڿ϶ܺߣɣԺóԵȥ
Ƶľ͸ԼһѴ¾͸Ƴȥˡ
ƻؼҸ˵Ҳȥ˸кƵɩӣ֮ǰŮ˼ΣҲŽһɩ
Ƶɩر£Ȼô죬һ͸ƵģĻ˵˲٣ɸ˵ĸоʼռټٵûһʵϾ
Ƹк󣬾·ڵһСԷ
طǰʱǻѧֻżȻĴһֻ־ϸ⵽ƸϰͦƵġ
״һ䡣
ʲôҲҾ㲻֪ɩӡ˸
һ¾ˡ
Сֻϰˣϰ˵νĲ˵ҲһֽѣĲ˵Ҳǰһûʲô仯
Ϲصϲμ⣬ֵѩ㣬Ҫʱסˣ˵ֲҪһٳԳɸӣҪҶԵ㣬Ժҵ㲻ˡ
һҲͲˣҪ׷
׷һϵģԭȵζԵֶֿ࣬Ц˵СǶͶ̥ˣηŵʲôʱ򣿡
æ׷˿ڲˮ˵91Ųſѧأ˵ҽʲôġ
ĻƣæǲҪѧѡ
֪ڵѧѵ£æ˵ҲǸˣ˵ѧУڹѧ
ƲǺܶ˵ɣСҪǲǸ͸˵ҰգôҲģиǮ
Цŵ˵ͷ
һٷԵĺܿ죬ԺúؼϢĴߡ
ƾ˵СӲ۰ŵңôôͷ
Ĺһӣ߿Ʊ˵ۣתת
ֻߣطϵ٣Щƻô
·߸˵ģżܿ§§ģ͵䡣
ǵСʱҲ֪ĸˣһھʹ§§дθ˿ˣҪ׷Ŵǡ
뵽һЦ˳ЦĪģЦʲôء
ʲô˵ǰߡ
ƾ͸ֹСӲѧɵ˰ɣ
תһߵһ˵˵ˣѧУѧëģҴȥǸСжʱдµ¶񱡭
Ʋʣʲô¶񱣿
Ŀƣ֪ɶдˡ

 9 

Һô걻Ѭյ粻ɣֱ˵ĸƽͣʲô¶˿
һ񣺡ѧɵ˰ɣ˵˶ôİŮĿ⣬еĿͼɶв
Уô˵ֱ˵ĸоû¶װν˵˵̬ء
֮Ļˣ˾ţһ·ƽһ·ƣӰӱĳģһǰһͷŵ淢㡣
ؼҵʱþöû˯ţһ𣬴ʱ棬ȴŤ
̲סƣڶһˣѹͷĲӾȥơ
ƻ˯ء
ȣƵķһ㶼ǴŵģƵɩӼ޽ƲǰôˣͰѷš
ʱһžͽȥˡ
˯Ժģ߹ȥʱƻ˯ء
ڴͷĿơ
ǰסҪ飬ͰᵽڵСƫˣǰǸǽڻںڵģһѬڵġ
ʱ򣬺ӾϲţǵʱӸرҪãÿӶܹһ
ϧһ궬죬ѩʱƵİѺӸˣڶٿ綳Ӳˡ
۵Ŀ˺ü죬軹ѺӸһ⣬ԣŵʱкԣ֪Եɵͳ˿飬֪ǺӺ޲ðθ³
¶ڴİӷŬԼɻ̲סȥŵǹеζرͷȥЩ¶Ĳ֡
ڶ˶þڿˣ˻۾ۣһͷ˸Ҫ˯
һһˣưϵš
۵һɤӾˣƲ˵ɣȥȥһͲ˺ú˯𰡣
ٺٵЦƲԸĴ·
ڿֱˣӽȥŷûϴˣƾʲô˯
ڱһڣƿӾҪߵ·
ñĶҵˣΨȱڿ㡣
ĽҲˣÿĲÿģҲ˸ʵţ˵Сʱûһϴ裬ڸǰһˣڵĺ޲˶лкģƽڿûУû
һ£ŷӦϽջߣڿȥˡ
Ƶڿһҹˣ˵ݸơ
ƴӲˣʹȴڿ㣬Щ˱Ѫ
ˮǣˢˢûһӵˮһϴˡ
㻺ôܣ̲סֹˢôҲˢӣˮûմȫأˢɾ𣿡
ô裬ˢźãתҪȥ緹
ƺߡ
Ƹ˵һ겻֪ʲôأòİЩĶûˣԸ緹ܡ
·һ·ڵʱǰǸ̯ȻǲˣҺ·ҵһңʵըĲôһ㲻࣬ͳһ
ԹҪʣסˣҲһҲûǱҪ
ҪҪȥɻĵطͦģ˵طͱֵرʧ
ǲСĲСӣ·ҵģһξͲߣƵĸҲǻͷӣﻹ˸ͷеһŲ
ƾСҲһɾ棬һЩȥһ
Ƹĸ˵ʹˣƾڣôˡ
ʵ˵ŵһͲǺˡ
ƱˣûϳǵʱҴܵǸŽж㲻ǵˣҸܵʱ㻹ڳšǰʱСΪóӿˣҸɵ
ãһüͷԹ˵Ͳܸ˻죬ܻʲô
Ʋˣôˣͦģ˵˭ʱ򲻴ܰǰҲҾǻˣ
֪ҪһʲôУԱտڲ˵

 10 

ؼҵʱ˼飬ȥʱִ˵ʲôֻڼ￴ѧϰ
Ҳ֪Լ̬ȲãѹΪƢڸŶ·ˡ
һƽԵðģơ
֪ˣ֪Щ䡣
˵һʶģʵأﲻζˣǿôάǸںƾǸǸϴģܸ˲Źأ
ƾڴͷ۾գգĿҲ˵
ڰͲסˣСٴҲסôһĿ̾˵ԼһϱӸƵģⱲӲűԵô
ϣۿơ
һЦûС
˵ʲôҲĲ죬͸Ƴȥ׼Էˡ
˸ճȥƵɩ°ؼҡ
ɩӴĺʱ֣һִȥԷͻﻰŴˣ˵ǮͷԺõģҲ֪ܹܼ
Ʊ˵ϲÿҲûǸˣɴӲŮļƽϡ
ȴŲƵôˣɩôúõ˵
˵Ǽҳ©ˣǸطҲɩã֪ɩôҲųǮޣ˵Ǹǹõģܾһҳ
˸˵ҲܹҲ̫ռˣôԼ˵ģ
ҡͷ˵ˣ¸˵Ҳǵ̫̫ģҹǮˣҲûǮ
֪Ƶļ£ȻƶҲû˵ġ
˳ԷʱŸ˵Ļ⣬˴ֵģҲûʲôԹ˷Ƹ˵ҹ˸طϰ̯·ҪҪȥ׬㻨
ȤȱȱƼȻʵˣ濼£ǸڵǲҲһƵͷ˵ǡ
ҡͷ˵ϢأҴ򹤵ĻᣬҲҸҽʲôġ
ν˵ǾˣúѧɣǱˡ
Ӳ̲ĹţмƸһεݣԼû˼κ˵ֵѧϰۣӲ˸Ƶݸһˡ
ƻ˵Ҫôܲ˵ѧȥѧϹ˲ɡ
̧ۿ˵أֻףҪѧʲôǵĥԼɡ
ƾǰκʱףԼǶôϲˣСѣǷСһӵֵܡ
ȣȥϴ̫Ǯڼˮ裬֪ȥϴ
ƼŪ̫ܣһͰˮòʱء
ƽжˣҲͼʡϴĶƼˡ
˸սȥͱƵɩӿˣƵɩӱҪģưϴ裬ˮϴ˲ˣҲؽˮܾߣΪûغأؽˮܡ
Ƶɩӳû˵ˮ۳ˮžͲˣҲ̫Ѽ˿ˣ˵ˣ
ͷҲ͸ͿϴˮûôʹҴҲɳˡ
һôͲ׼ˣæС˵ȥôˡ
ƿͷϵĭûɾأԼˮǣˮˮϴͷ
ϴúƾһûһ졣
ҵĵӻϸеʱͻˣһֱҲûޡ
ҪҪĵӰ
Ц˵˰ɣͷ޲˶ȥҪ㿴ʲô
ƺ˵Ҹһ鿴ˣҹס죬㲻֪ĸϻжˣö
ΪƿЦأû뵽ƻȥˡ
ƵĵӸСûһͰˣưѵӷºҲ̨ܻȥͷ
еţһûұ˫˴˯һûС
·İͷźãЬڴŪӿ
˰ҲûҵֻܻȥԼ˸ǿŪų́еԺָŵ˰Ūˡ
һŪˣ¹ʣſӡ
ĵطǡõƿˣƾÿ㡣
˾͸˵Ƶģ
һأûþߡ죬ÿ㣬ҿӡ
ĺ˵ͲܿǿǱ˵顭ʲô˵Ϊ£ƽһŴϡ

 11 

ܿͷԼȫû£Դ¾ͲŵģƨһһķţҸܳ
Ʊ߷Ż߶˵˼ƨ࣬ҪѴٴ򿪵ŷζ
ղžۼöӰ͸õһ
ŵǽƤϴɫĴòһʵͨĲͨˣҲͨĲͨӣԼɶ츲صı仯ӻվɹ
ȥԼھ͸񾭲ƵĻûʧЦ£˵ôˣǺȻϲ̲סѹ
ƫƫ֪ƻЦ˵ҪҲң
ûˣ̲ס̾
ƿ˻Ӿ˯ˣȳƵĺСһһĺйɡ
˵ӣɻȥʱ򣬿Ƶ˯ٴʧƵͷ
ſ˯ţǺѣΪɶɫ뷨ԼĺƲһ£ܱӰ죬̲סƵĺƵһֺܲӦʱ䳤ͳ˯ˡ
۾ŷ̾
̫Ϥˣò˼飬ôȻϲأ
һ뵽ƾԼߣ;ޱҸ
ڶһҲˡ
Ʊ߱ԹҵĴ̫Ӳ˯Ĺͷ
˵ֲǵһҼ˯ô
ʱ򣬷ѹɫڿ㣬ƿˣǶ˵СӶӸҸġ
ϹҲסæԼڿ㣬Ƶû⣬ϱľܳȥϲˡ
ϷӼﶼûǵĹȥɺͬĲãֳģ䵽ӬɶѣҪϵʱ򣬺ڵϹŪûʲôء
ҼҶҹ
һϲϲǸҹҲûڳ
ֹǹǵģſ˵Ĺꨣͼܳȥˡ
˹ʰϴ
ƻʱ򣬸Թ˵ˣҲʰ
ŵķţϴҪë
ƾ;ˮҪϴ
æ˵ϴģһ㲻⡣
Ҳû֪Ǹϰˡ
Ͱë˶ݸƲ
ʱûëùĺŻȥãһ;زܽܣǿëá
ƻҪǿ಼ҹҹϣæһѳһȥˡ
ƸҪתԼİǷһɾëѧУģΪϼҵëһ겻أѧУûģڵȫơ
Ȼ׼ɾëһ㲻˵ã˵ѧϳëˣŮƵ¶ࡣ
ƽע㲻УЬͲܻ촩ȻȾʲôġ
ŷˢˢ˵ҿ㽲ˡ
Ūû߼ƵϣôôȥһڣŵϽתȥ
ΪˣͰˢϴɾ·Żȥ˵ˣҸµĲ˵ûСֲö˵ϱأ˵ǰ͸һҪҷС㲻Ͷ˼𣿴ȻûҸ첲ء
عǰͻῪЦĻһ䣬ϱ˰ɣռأʲô˵ֻǸˢˮ˱顣
Ƴȥ·ǰҪҪҼҽ̵Ļҡͷܾˣ֪ǺģƽӴǰеִ˵Ҳȥ׬Ǯδ˱ɭľѧͦ˼ģûµʱúÿ

 12 

·ϻҹг̯ϴԷʣһ˶ţҹ˶ӣͱһ긾Ů˳ߺüȹӡ
ƴǺ͸Ŷҹˡ
ʼҲûʲô˵𣬿ʱһˣͶˣҲ֪ǲ룬˵ѧʱҲûԼôƣô뿪ƹһסһˣƫƫÿʱ仹ô٣ʹˡ
ûԼԳȻҲע⵽
ﲻ˵ʱ䳤˾ʹˣÿ춼ǣԷʱҲܴƺܿ;ˡ
ôˣҲ˵
ЩƶҲϳոԷջ춼ܳġ
󲿷ʱƻ͸ƵģЬһѵͷɣŪһӵĳѾζѬ˺޲ιȥƳţƻͦԸġ
ֻŴ
һһȣҲ͵죬ȵȥġ
ƹû죬ͰԼĵҲùʵǰҲһǸҲùġ
ʱ׼߿ƿѧô࣬͵͵ԼĵȸˣǸȿʼתĻУҲ֪ôãȻ͸ĸסһõʱͻ̶ֱᷢ䣬ڵ޲ðǵȸˡ
СôŹʱ߿Ψһϣǰ;δѹϱˣѹ֪֮
ƾӣһ仰˵ӣڻǵӣÿξҪֲסʱֻҪͷƣʲôͦȥˡ
һϾʹ򿪵ȷ磬ҵˮһտţҲճţû֡
֪ǣһڼҵʱɲôõȣṈ̀ɩӣҪܿŵȲʲô̭أдƿӿ˯ˣɩ֪Ҫѵֿ°һ鷳˵Ͱװѣ˵˵ǰͷֵĵˣĳһһˣȻϸһҲһҡ
Ĵ֣ɩռռ㣬һ˳ԱȫҲ򣬾˵ϱ£ƾߵҲ̫ˡ
ͱԹ˵˻ڴѧѧأôҲõѧϱ
˵ģҲ֪ҪжԼˡ
һһĹЩûٻǮȥԷͷǷС˵ƴӲǼƽЩˡ
ȻƸı
ҹ߲һٵļٱңһ׸ˣŪ˯ʱ򣬷ȥ˯̤ʵ
⼸ƵĹꨣЩأֿһͷǵÿģϲ˯ǿء
ƾýŵ󱳣ʲôؿôԡ
ͷ̧˵˵Ҳ
ɨǱ飬üһƵģйֶûС
֪ڿˣ͹ʶ˵ҪҸ˵һ
ƻûüأ͸ƽˣʲôNάܶȷţɮĥˣ˯˯ˣͷ
ɵĽͷŵǰϡ
СխӿĽڴϾӿ顣
ӹͷͷ˯ˣƫƫֻԼá
͹ʹţϸ첲ϸȵļܵסƣƲ߶ʮһͰסˣҲͰôһ£ͷˡ
˲һȣ˶٣ƻҾ£ŰӵôܽӴµһȡ
ŵıȥѾƲסˣĳطѾ˷ӦԽǽԽǴ̼Ū˶еѣΣһֱΪԼǰͼɵģû뵽ԭصɡ
ͷ˯ţſӣߺȥæƿ˵ӣ¼顣
ýŵ˵ı
Ҫ˶֨֨ð͸̹һȡ
ҿƣֻ΢΢
ԭֻǽһ𿴵ӡ
Լһй¶ʲôҡҡͷ
Ҳû̫£˻Ӿ˯ˣΪ֪أ˯ĺ̤ʵ
Ƶ˯˻˵ӣ˲䰲Ŭѹȶ

 13 

ٿʵϺܿϡͿȥˡ
Ѵļ鶼ˣм仹ȥһι԰
СʱƱǸѾˣƲĵǿ˺þãڹ԰ѿŵˣƻǻǶƱӡ
ʱĵĴǽͷȾִ̼дļ˻ˤһӣˤ˸ڣȥͨ
ʱԱ߳ϱ߿ĵù
˵µʱôҲ벻ˣҥ
˵˵ЦЦ߽԰ЩİϤľɫ˶ֻȻĸоһûѡ
˸е룬ҪһֱСʱǸöãôŴžͳ˰
ɳ˾ǳˣЩ¾Ҳ㲻ȥҪȥѧǰ죬費֪˭Ĺϵ˭˸׶
˵ʱҲ֪Ǹʲôζֿģ޲ͷײײǽʲôûֳ
ûûεĻ˵أһûע⵽ɫ˵Ů̳ġ
õĿڣֲֳֻܱܱԼĮġ
˵˷ˣͼӴ׵Ļʷ֪ϸҲûڿ
ôƵ˻𳵣ҪĬ˳
ƾҪ뿪ҲԵø˵ģҲû⣬ҪʱƻƵĻֱۣ۾ɬɬġ
ôˣҲ޲ƫƫʲô˵˶Ǳѹֵʹ
صѧУͷһѧϰѧЩڱĲĶֻףӲһ˿϶
Ƹε绰иòϢǱ׵´ˣŮûƻ˵Ǽ˸ҹأϣûҪûĻġ
һ㰲οƵ뷨ûУֻ뾡Ҷϵ绰ƵģԺе׵ĻᣬһԼʱ飬;ôԸˣðƵ³׵ˡ
绰ʱԵȤȱȱģһ˵绰˼ǰ˯ž
ôʹѧԷ˯ţ⵹˼Σ̬ʼնǲ䲻ȵģϾˣ۲ǧǰͷľΪ۵Ū˼Ҳ͵ͷкȥˡ
ӻҪһһȥĲûᷴԽˣٲҲҪżҲҪꡣ
ԥ˺þãؼҹˡ
ºԼɣʱֻŶ㿪ƣ͸Ƶġ
ûʲô飬֪ѧУһˣʳþͻţСҲ½ˣԷһ³⣬ֻõĳǣ˺ܶ෽棬֪ѧУůʱҲͣˡ
һ¥Ҳ˲ȥ̫꣬죬֪һ겻ؼҵĲǼ¾ĻزȥҲûչܱˣ͹ùˣ䣬ƫƫðˣⲻҪ
պź˸ðű˯ʱ򣬾һԼˣû֪һ뵽;Լ
ԼôǷţǺÿ춼ʱ͸ϿһʱʱĿרҵʲôġ
绰ʲô磬Ķȥͽ˵ȥҲûѧУѧϰأƲģɢ˸С˵ѧУͦģҲڡ
Ҳû˵ʲô
˿ڶƾͻ𼱻õˣСõĲ٣ҪǳԵģмճ¯ձ⣬Ӳˡ
ƿϧ˵ʱأһҪӡ
Ȳ֪˵ʲôˡ
ûף˶ͽᣬһᣬǿϵıӶǾŵʱƵʹˣƭˣ˵أ
ʵ飬֪ôشֻóŸƵˮĹֱ˵Ϊȥ˼ҶԲԲģ뿴ܲѧУġ
ƲףһϰڵķŭˣټůӱģŻеð˵ʲôҪȥ
ߺȴĸ˼ңǱǸڻϵ͸·ĺҵһĸˣůģָⶼ
ƹʱæˣǰ߻Ǯʱ򣬶ںܹܲƻӲˣڵ绰ԣǴɿĽ飬Ʋܲ
˵ȥŻȥҲûʲô˼ʱѹҲΪ֪¿һˣŰµСݴɨôɾ͸סһҪȻݣԼӶʰģȥɨСݰ
ĥŲôؼңðСӴȥҲڼҹˣרСӾˡ

 14 

ؼҺһðͺˣˣֱˣ鲻ϣôŻȥ·
ȥˣ˵˵Ҫƣڳ´
ּۻУʿ죬Ҳ⣬ڶƻ顣
·ģæż˻ģɶҲɵ۸һԡ
ʼе㿴ڣһӴž˲˵ϵĵˮ©ӡǸԶˣղĿ࿴
òװǰӣҲûʹٿǮ
Ҳû˾װˡ
ڼʱ򣬳ȥ̵꣬רŸ˼޷غ񣬾һ㣬ɫģϸϰƵġ
֪Ƶ۹ҲˣҲûѿʹϣͦ˵ġ
ƻԼ۹أǸ׻˵ʱ˵ģϴ·㣬ڵʹ
Цڿ˵·ǺڵľǻҵģԭΪʡϴ·۰
һƾְסˣһƲϲɩӣڼ¯ȡůһŪãúܹ
ƸðǶӣͦģ˳˯ʱͰ࣬ǶӺ໹Ĳһ߳ˣеʱ͸нûһŪģҹ͵ƻ
һˣΪûأ˵طıûŵİƸˣŪ
Ƽ˯ô˯ţû취ֻƣǴ۵С۵ġ
ƾߩߩ飬졣
Ҳ֪˵ʲô˵˵˵Щ񰡹ˣ˵ĸһߣҲŵĹꨡ
ƻʹѽѾ͵쵽
ʮˣƱһģ費ɣҪһһԽӣƾؼҳԽȥҲǰ˵ˣܾŲ㣬˵ԼڼҳԾС
ƾǰѽӸˣȻеʧҲûֳ
Щ궼ڼҳԹ˽ӣŹӷڡ
ûڣЩڶǶڸģҲôıޡ
߽ʲôģСʱ򶼷Ź粻ϡˣҲͷŵӦѡ
ʮϣڿʱƾ͹ˣ˲Ŀ
ڼҴҴҳԹ˽ģǰ˵Сѩһ½˲٣һţͽһ磬ҵطСĵطڣĴ˸¡
һžæſ¯ӣȻĴ֣ϴӲϸء
Ŀƾƨͱ¯ӡ
һŪãתװŸûƵӣŵӿ
ӻƱ̨еģ
ߺԶ㿴ô۾Ϲ˲ɡ
Ҳû⣬Թ԰ӿ˵㡣
ƾĴϣѽŴӵĺῸϣ͸СʱһСʱƻһϿӣ۸ûˣƾͻԼĴȣЦȥ
궼Ǹ赸СƷһ٣ţûʲôرϲģֻǸϰߡ
˴ŹǷڰʮ㣬ĵʱҳˣıƬвƯ̻ڰը̵ĻƵģӳնϱ仯š
һͳ˳ȥŶڸǼұޣͳ͵ˣſž
ŶߣƳʱްˣܻһˡ
ƽӹްһ͵ͷƣϵӡ
ƺĶ˶е㷢ɡ
Щɫ̻͸Ƶıסơ
ǸԼôǲԵģڵģûа취ֿԼŵ˫֡ıơȥһš
ƿʼûӦֻе⣬ôµĿ
Ʋ֪ǳӵķ磬ôòľͱˣұ˾ͱ˰ɣڱŤͷͻȥˡ
ưû
ڸƽ˵ףʣȴƶ˵˹ȵףڴϣ˶ľľġ
֪˶ã˽ȥ
ҿƣǵĩա
ȴ֪ǼٵǶ˵ѾôھųҲ̫û˰ɣ
£еĿƣŷӦ
˵ô˵ɻǾŸղŵΣŹӱŤǽݺ͸ƾˡ
ʲôû룬ϵ̱ӡ
ıӺܺ˵ıһ̿Ŵˡ
µʱҲŹ˵˴

 15 

µʱʲô룬Ҳ룬ֻҹȥ
Ȼô룬̲סι˵ǲʲô£Ҹĥ£̫ͷˣ׼ҡ
̾ϢһڣװνĿʲô£Ϲ¡
ûôúŪģѸ첲ӱ̽ļ
ⱳɵģʱŸ첲Ҳתȥ
Ƽˣ첲һҪҲ
ĵľٶ˼Ǹ첲Ÿ첲ճһ
񾭵ƻ׷ôˣǲʲô۸ˣȻûĽӲƻѵõԴǰ˵ǲϴ˵ˣ۽ѧ۸
ƣ۸ҵģ
ûкֻƵİѹͷ˵ţûҺء
˻ᣬ̲죬Ҳû˰취ֻܸ˵ҪѴһҪ˵
Ƶĵͷôƣңµʱֵܶû
ûȵٽͻѧУˣһ
ǺΪ˲ٺ˼룬͸ŬѧϰҲϵƫƫΪ˹Ǹ£ˣܾʲô£ÿ¾Ҫͨ绰
ڵ绰ﺬůģΪ˲ԼˣÿÿӲĻعȥʱ䳤˶ƣƽʱȥ˹˹ĵôӸ绰͸ǺҩƵġ
ڸԼµĿǱо
ѧ˺ܶڷÿ뵽ƣԼŶģ̾͸ѵƵģֻҪһ뵽ƾԼĵ£ʱ䳤ˣԼһ
ѵԼӣƵʱķɿ죬ÿ춼ΪԼĽеο
һۣ뵽ƵЩëʲôŰƨˢˢʲݣԽӵʱһҪԴ⣬һζ
Сʱ͸ˣûɵģʲôһһյģѧԺүûµѧͣѧĲĲˡ
ƵЩӼԼܸôһʥˣôǰûأ
ｨܳɹʣµľǸƱ־ˡ
ֻҪżٲؼҾУٵʱ򣬹ѧУ˴򹤵ĵطȻ绰ٺҪҪѧöණʵϰһûϹѧҲЩҲûƭˣҸѧУƵ
һһĹȥԼҲʲô뷨ˡ
ƫƫԸǵķӸϲǨƸ绰ʱһ;ͷۡ
СĸƵģ˵ҪǨĻǼҷϵͲǮ
£ôŲ㣬οԺָĻˣưܲܰڵˡ
˵⵹вշģ԰⡣
ƵİϹǸҲ֪֪ͣΪ£æǰæĶ˲Լǵˡ
Ʒӵ¡
޾ɵ˵סСƷ˽ɩסĴǹּҵʱ˵˵ģһǨɩӾͲˣ˵ƾʲôһĶӣ͵Ǯ٣ء
ֻţҲȥ
ƻ˵ҲһҶˣǨʱҲҪǮⷿҲûǮǨһƽŸⷿǮôôģĲ𷿣ЩⷿȥˣҷҲҡ
Ĭãϻ𳵵ʱ򣬲Ŷ˵ȱǮԽ
Ц£ļ˵ˣҽ˭Ҳܽİ·϶עⰲȫɡ
û˵ʲôһμˡ

 16 

صѧУ󣬸оܲã˻Ƶģֲ֪ôһ
µľƸ绰ÿ绰͸ɱƵֻۣ䵭Ĳ䵭̬ԸСһ𳤴ķС
ʱ䳤ˣѲȥƾЩ£ûѧЩôģ˴򹤸·ô֪жˣοƻҪǰܺĽһ뵽ԼͬƣԵЩͷ;ۡ
Щ꣬ûǰԹʲô˵ǸƽϵɩӣҲ仰ˡ
뵽⣬Ȼ;Լ˽
ôˣƶЩãѵΪƸɲֹϵҪ
ͨˣǰ̫ţǼˣƲϲͲϲɣϲһҲиʱƣƣɹ˭֪᲻ٳƵģ뵽Ȼĵĸƴ˸绰
ǷӵˣɩӱţɺһŷƵǸ̫СûռϷ˿ɩӾ˵ʲôˡ
ǩǸЭ飬С˵¥
ɲô˿ҲڿԷˡ
ѧУѧϰż˵ҽʲôģоǶڵĵ˲٣ǰǸڵ̯㰾ȥˡ
רŸʲôģʵ۸Ƕ̸ƾ͸ܸȡ
ڵĵһ󣬹⿿˿϶ǲУھзԱƵɩӲ֪ˣͶ˼иҹأƵɩӾƴ˵
Ʋ벵ӣ͸˵˵ڴӦĵˬ죬˭Ұο֪֪׵Żġ
ôţɩӵǸݾ͵ϰˡ
ǸŮĽҲͶʮͷͦƯֻ磬ȥҪʱжʱ֣컹غʹͦϲġ
һȥģƾеϲ˹ˣͷڡ
֪û˵ʲôɺ˽»̲ס̸һΣڵ˼غܼ򵥣ƯƯŮҰأ˩סģƱ̫ˡ
κ˽ģԵĲ֪ϱˡ
绰ʱƻҪĺӰⲻǳԱ˳ŵʲôɰĵĹꨡ
ûƣƾǾԵһ񾭲绰øƴˡ
û뵽û죬ǸƬˣһƬǵع԰յģſڣЦǽиãԱߵŮ˴Ļ֦չģͿĺһһģ˾;űŤ
ʱƬӵϲȼţûôɣοԼ˵ٲ˼ҲŮģܽӣƸˣܸʲô
Խô룬Խﲻƽ⣬ﲻƽĽ̲סˣ˸û˵ĵطƬϺݺݲ˼š
־Լ̬˵˹ˣôֵģƬ󣬲ɾЬӡ鸴ӵĶ֪ôˣ;ίȴʲôˡ
֪ܵʱǾͳ״ˡ
͸֮ǰ˵һƹһĶ˺ˣʲô򣬻Ǯִŵģ֪ôģʶ˸Ǯģ˵ʲôƺˣƵһƬģӲİ͸ˡ
ƾ̫ˣ绰ʱᶼûᣬǵûô£һϾϵꡣ
Ƕ͵ǶˣͲһҪд
ڵ绰˵죬֪ƶʧþˣóʧͦصģ⼸Ļһûʣ¡
ؼҵģ˵ùƵĻȻȥͷͷһôҲˡ
룬ȥͻȥɣҲãʡܵţô˻ȥƱ

 17 

ȥʱ򣬲֪ƲǨûⷿӣһֱڶڷ·ĲֿǽǴ˸ľ崲ǿסš
ƻΪǸƴĵطмأ˵ǨʱⷿǵĶףס⣬һǮա
˵ʡ˿ء
ƾ̫Сˣѱ˶ô
ƵĻƵģ̲ס˵ΪɵŮƭ
û˵ʲôԵͦįġ
֪ԼƵʹǸظˣǮС⣬Ĳġ
ƺܿûˣ֪͵ºԵظˣҪȥԶٺõġ˵㶼סⷿˣʲô˵ʲôȥѸߵĵط˸طԵķ
Ҳûطסƾ͸˵˽۵պס
ûأھȥһ˻Ʊţʹȥ˵˵ȥһأóһȥ
Ҳͦ˳ģ͸˵£ͦˬģӦοҶڸǱߵϰѾ̸˵ģֻҪ˹ȥǮС
ǰŶǴֽΪҪһߣתп
Ҳ֪Լ˲鷳Ƴȥߡ
ǰǿȥأסҲǼ˵ĵطθͲͬˣ˼Ǽıݡ
Ҳûǰ˵طһ200׼󴲲һ
ƾǰ̨ˣܲٱ˵㣬ô˯˵ģ仹70
˵ǾƵؼۻǰһ۵ġ
С˯һŴʡʡɣҲûʲôġ
ƾŶ˼󴲵ġ
ȥ󣬷䵹ӴǸɸɾġ
ǵʱ磬ĴתתϢһ󣬾¥ʾƵ˸ʲôġ
Ƶ˵ҲͻֹĽ㣬Źȥ
ƴ͹ȥˡ
·ҲûʲôԵĵģҺƳŵʱˮΪգֹſŶӵĵࡣ
԰̫ȤƾżȻ˲ȥϧ
˶ǵһεֵطƾͿ԰СϵĽܣ˵ʲôͰͼҹȥ棬ƵĻ˵ȻģȻҪġ
ǸľʲôĶŶӵʱƾŶеʹڳ˼˵ˮȥˡ
濴ʱ۵ĽУЦûϢأԼһȥ;θﲻˣǻһ˶ճԽȥڶһ͡
ƵأһƵɫԣҲ˲϶˲ˣͳɤӺùԱѻͣˣȻˡ
һ¾ٶȿۣڿоתˡ
ƾ;Լ죬ȥģθԼˣ۵һ¾͸˳Աߵˣһƫƫڲ
ҺϷʱ̣ĹԱһˣͣµʱܹƵиԱ˾ֽݸ
ֽ߽߿ƵƵķӦ͸γƵģԻơ
û˵ʲôأһߵǸ˾ͲˣԼϵЩŻ鷳
һϽԼֽ߸˲ߵǸ˵˰õĲŸȰߡ
־ѣǽ»ΣߣҸٵĵط͸
˸طҲ˲ˣһƨڵϣæóˮ죬󣬻ָľͲˡ
Ǿضˣ˰˵ˣϸ첲ȵľͲֵط档
ٿôӣ󲿷ʱƶǻģʱͷɥƣ뱧ĸо
ԼǿڣôûĻɣ
Ц˵˵أϵζڻûȥء
Ƕ˶ˣ̲ס߷ߵ˵˵㱻ŵĿ޵İôôùأ
ɫĿƣһûעжˣһȥ͹⿴ˡ
治ˣɽƱֹģھеϧƾʲôʲôš
Ʋ棬͸û˼ˣ˾͵䣬԰Щ
˵˵ЦЦиתľͦģвٺ棬ͿЦƹȥ档
˵Ѿľ͵ſЦذɣбһȥ
ôˣĿǸ뷴ڣƷˣӲȥ涼Щĺӡ
ͦεģ˿ںǰţͷüŪ۵֣̲סЦ
ھ԰Ȥˣתľͣͣģ˸Ӱһˮĵط˻֮ƾԼȫûˣȥ̼ġ
˾ͽˮ֮
ʱ򻹸קأ˵͵ͦ˫ɵģЦûĻѧĵģ˵͸ǲг㼦
Ǹ̼ͦģо͸Ƶġ
˻Ӻ󣬹ԱǿЩƬǸղøĵģʮǮһţ¾Ϳߡ
뿴˵Ǹ׼ÿˣҪһţһһŵƬҵǵš
ƬƳͣ۾ܸоԼڱĵ˲ǿƵġ
ƾ˵Ĳʲôղصġ
κ˵ʲôҲҪǮҪ£һֻŸǮ
˻ȥ·ϣĺ˵ôã֪֪Ѿݵ̫ˣ

 18 

ȥ·ƲžҲûʲôԵģ˾ǼҾƵ˵㣬˲ǺܿɿڣҲʹպ϶ѡ
صҪҪϴ裬ͷ˵Ҫ
ϴĵطǸԡףе񱣬ϴͰԡ׳˳壬վԡϴ衣
ϴŵʱƾͽˡ
е㲻ڣƸ¡
Ʊ·˵ֹ˵úõԡף㲻ϴ,ôվţҲ»һӡ
Ʋ˵ʲô˶õĶСĵɡ
û˵ʲô͸վ˽ȥ
ԡǵ˵ģһվźúãԾͼˣӦеٶۣƻÿطվͷ³ˮ
ŷӦ
ϴʱҪҪ裬æҡͷ˵Ҫˡ
ƾͰԼĴݸ˵͸Ҵɣʹ㾢ȣҵúú»𡣡
ֱҪҲǲҲǡ
ƻӵˣ˵Сǵģ趼ô˵Ƣʲôʱܸĸİ
ûĸƴ
ʼУԽԽأ۵ֱ㣬͸Ƶģַˣڸƴ꼱ˣƻع밴ס
Ҳ֪ôģ͸йƵģƽϾˡ
ĸͷ࣬Ҳû࣬ҪɰסҲǲô׵ġ
ټԡױխȥߵͳ˿ˣһûվȻѻ˵һȥѽֺͷ£ͦ۵ġ
ȥ
ƻΪװأۣƾæ¡
˻أ˵ԡ
ֻðԼëԡ
ֹϹ߶Ҫš
ûʲôǸƨɵĶ˶ˡ
ƾ;ǰһڣ漴챻ʲôˡ
ⱲӾûùôƵ촽ƻûӦʱ򣬺ֱİͷȥûӹǣҲ֪ʲôӵģֻܵȥȥо
ͣµʱƾ;ˣӷƮ˸Ƶġ
ֻܴĿϰ죬ʶ˵㡭㡭
֪Ҫ˵ʲôʱĵ绰Ȼˣ͸þһɿܵͷǽӵ绰
绰ͷиŮ費ҪĦ״ε˵ЩŵĻ粻ˣллˣ̫֮ġ
ƻԡأСĸǺȻôǸʲô˼ǿЦ𣡣
üͷ
һͷ˵绰֪ҪҪȥȻܰûںܰûڡ
ڴȥˣҴҳϣҲû·˳ȥ
أһҲˣ֪Ķ㲻
ɹƨɵһԱߣ̲סˣǽŲģ͸ɫƵģҪסơ
ƾ͸ʧƵģûղŵ£˭ĵ绰
Ǹʲô˼ͿĿİͰͰѵ绰˵ˡ
ȱҵҲ֪ôģԼͦĬƵģž˾䣬ҪҪҸСͯӹ
鸴ӵĿһۣһԵľƵص㲿λ
סǶʱ򣬳ٶ۵ƲŻȻĽ𣿣֣
һסͲˣǶⳤģôĶ᲻̫˰Ҳû֣ʼйɵĴ̼Ǹط
Ʊˣ˶е㷢Ƹȭ
Ҫɿʱƾ͸ˡ
ζû뵽ƻôͽеͶ㶵ĿճĶһ˲ãȻ֪ҪʲôҪ˵ʲô

 19 

¥Ķˣһ٣
ɿǸӣҲ֪ôˣ˴СʲôЦûҲҲ̫˰ɣ
ͷ˻漴ܵϴּϴȥˡ
ƹƨ棬滩ˮЦֵģӰˣŪûһһ뵽⣬ƾ̲סŭ٣үģôֵ𣿡
ĬĬϴ֣ƵĻȴֻͷƵķûĻصֲֵģҲԼʲôУ˵ôżϴ𣬲ϴٽȥҸ㣬ΪĶǹ𣡡
ֱ£µүģǰûôϴ
ǰǰͬ־ˣôɣڹҡ
Ļ˶סˣưûӦһֱЦ̫ǻأ͸͵ıŲӽˮƵģһ¾ˣ
ٳʱ򣬾ͿƻƨڴأûİƵĿӹȥ
ƽǽˣûżһգգĿ
е߶ģڱôţĵˣװǿӲӣղŵȫƵĴһ
˰죬ŽͰ͵㡭ʲô֪ġǡ
ֱ˵ĸһʱие׷ңҾ֪ˡ
ƱһжʱǾѣû뵽Ļѣ⻹ϤǸ
ŷƣŭڿ˭㲻һΣҪ裬ֵܹ˭ҪſӲʲô¶ûɧҲûͬ顣
Ʊ⸱ˣҲүΪûŮģǰȥݵʱ򣬾йƨŮҪң㲻һ˲˭ģרº֣
һҾ˭ǰѿ˭ùֻ˵ˡ
ԽԽȥˣʶ˶ʮģСһ𳤴ĸǣżɵҲɣ
ĺô˵Ϊͬ־ֻҪǰѿӵľΣˣѾҲ̫Լˣ
ߵǰɫǰѿӵĶˣΪϲ㣬ͷ
˵ֲ˾䣺ʱ򻹲أ
ͦ˵ģƸںˣ׳ըը̼ɵˣ˶ˣƻ֪Ҫ㣬ֱͷʱƲž
ǴƹˤˣôҲνˣž첻ԺҲûˣͻȥɣǸѶֵôˣⱲҲôһλˡ
뷨뵽ķռƵıˡ
ѾӦģŰ
κҪϴգģƻץסǸط
źڣղôûץʱ䴩Ӱһ㲻СĶУ
Ҳżˣ˲ģȥߣɲ
ҪǱʱҲôۣ״̬һһȥ۵ûȥһɣƾͳˡ
һ´Ӵ˳ָȭıˡ
Ҳ֣ſɵλã˶ȥˡ
ڵϵĿӣϡ
ٿأǽȥûҪ
ƿǷӣ³¾͵ͷû°ɣ
û˵Լ޳ܣĻ쳣
Ϊ߻ˣǽҪҪȥҽԺ
һҽԺӣƵĿ˵ȥ
üͷʣû£ʱҪˣҿⲻ𰡣
񾭴ֵĿԵˣƢ˵è޺Ӽٴȱ㲻Һǿ㣿
ĻƶˣƲ˵ƾ㣿㵹룡
ƣû˿ŵֱԼԣ룬룬ţû㣬ҪҴˣѾˣ
Ʊ˵סҲ٣㻹ºְ
ͷֹţ粻ˡ粻ˡ
žԼһֱû״̬ϣڷʲôԻĿȻڿЦ
֪ڱ׵ĻᳬȥˣѾˣܻȥǱƿ
Ц£һںĿƣԼ⸱˭ġ
˵¼ɵزû˵뵽ҲΨһ˵ģõ˵ţƣ͵ңҪŶľͱ۾ŮĶɣҪź㣬ʵڲУҡֻôһᡭһһӵΡ

 20 

Ʊ˵ˣ˶ǣϲȥ²ģҲ֪ôش𣬾ôվš
վĽˣƾŲôСȥˣΨһ뵽Ľ˯
Ǹϸ벻취ʱֻܿȥֵҲˣʶţ˵ʲô¶ûһĹһҲʲô¶ûˡ
ֻǲ˺κˣɵ棬һӶûС
ҪҪ˯ʱֻǾȵĿơ
һ޺ĴӣΪԼҵ˽÷ȴ֪³ֻǸһ
µʱ򣬷һ˯ⶼûУͬµĸоûУ˱ĵľ͸ǹƵģСġ
ٶ۵ƶŤˣۣ˯ˣƿҲŶˡ
׵֪ҪʲôԾͷҪ˯ϡ
ƹⲻȥæԼ˵ŲˣҾת˯ġطá
Ĭţͷ¡
ʼǸû۵ģ֪ѾƸ˴㡣
ڶס⣬˯ĳ
˯Ժʱ򣬾;ʼ͸ƵģˣĶĶŻˣ˯ԺҪһѣҲҪ̡
ʱѾϵıӣƿӰվԼϲĲϲˣ²ȥֻ֣ͷƵ
ûȫȻѵƣֵܵ£Ĳôһ·
ѸҵƵĶǶʼģһںסǶܿӲˡ
ֵĻ֣ȫȻˣֻǼ򵥵Ķš
۵ʱ򣬾Ϳڰиʲô±߶ţľǿҵĲǿҵĴ̼ϵĳֿɱıܣȻ֪ôˣɻǴ۵С۵̬˳չ
ʱ䵹ϴγ˵㣬ҿĸǿңǿҵƲס־סͷԼǸɤﶥֱԡ
Եڶ컹ûƾˣȥ£ʵֻ֪Լû
ѻ󣬾Ϳʼķ
ûͬ־ڶڴ۵ĳʶвŮŮˣһȹӣŤŤȥģڶܿĿ˵Ǯʲô棬˵ϲҲʲô¡
ôҲûЩϵһȻе񱣬ʱϸĲôүǣһ㶼ˡ
ֺܿĳЩ˿ѧʱϵרϵصУȥʱϲŵһŮŮĳضζ崿غÿƾܽܡ
ڻǵʱǸı飬⣬˵ԼƤģƳġ
˵ƶˣ޲һ٣Ϊ˺üƢ˭˭
Ƶĸ֪ºһ£˵òҲϲŮİɣ
ƻȻΪԼҵ࣬ϵ˵˷ڷεĻ˼Ů·ֵ㣬·Զ㲻ܶεģ֮Ҳû˵Ůô
ƴʱŸﾪһԽԽ࣬ϲŰӳȥΣ˵
е㲻ȥˣѵӲǰСѧʱ򣬶˿ʲôԾ
ֻ֪ڰǰľһˣǼѣԴ˺˹ϵ
ãȻ޴ˣѣҲ֪ҪĲǸѡ
ץӷεżʱȴ侲ƳȥʱѾˣһ϶û˯һֱڻطĳЩϸڡ
ɵʱʵ̫ˣƵеϢԴڴкĳЩ͸Ƶġƺرһ£ҲûСüͷѸղŵ龰ŬĻطһ飬ΨһȷʱƵڶεʱ仹ԡ
Ʒйƣƾ͸ʲôƵģôҲϳֻܳ˯˲Ÿȥ˵ƵĴ
ôԼ˺֣еİ취Ҳƽţƻ͵ǸȻתȥ
е·ҵˣУѧϰһȥʲôأ
ƻʱڴأȻһ±ĺܸɾǲĹͣƵ˰ʱɨֻǸԱ߷ѡ
ƽʱ̧ۿƣǸȵܲˡ
æͷŤ㣬±ȶˡ
Ȼװŵޱȵӣ˵ˡ
ɻһڣ¶ˣһûûȵ촽ɵķףһƵġ
ͦԶģһߵһϣĶ
ֱ̾˵ˣҲҷ񾭲㡭ȥһøϻȥдأͲˣҸ˵һߡ
ԣֽʲôģǵƻԼ֪ĵطôһСĻ棬ôһϣ
ɿŶԶԶƣ֪ʲôˡ
Եе⣬˶첻֪˵ʲôǱѾҪߡ
̾˿ƿȥ
򿪷ŵʱŷӦæվ׷ȥ˵㡭㡭
վ֪˵ʲô
ǸĿƣϵĲϵ˵ƣҲ£û취£ҾԼԲ㡭ҵĺãһӶذɡ
Ŀڱʯͷѹסˣͣ£ջվǷԶĵģԽǽҪͷԽǲ֪ԼҪʲôֻãȻĿıӰֱƾԼؿʲôǸȱھ͸ɢһԽԽԽԽգŰһȫ˳ȥٵıţԽԽܲȲļӣƾҪ군ˣҪ׷ˡ
ɾڹսǵĵط͵ͣһûôĿһ

 21 

ú󶼾һΣҸŲʵ
ôƱסģѾǲˡ
Ʋ֪ô죬ֻǱ׾ĳôȥģסһɡ
û˵κõĻһϣ
漴ڽʲôƵ˵ҡҡ㵱õѡһֱǡԺҲǡ
֪ƻص˼ͷ˵֪
ƾɿְѱһƫͷȥӺҵĲˡ
еųĿǵܡ
ıѾʹ
ţɲֳ
̹ȻĿƣһ⣺ʵңŶ𣿡
μˣ²ʵصûŶġǡŤ
Ҫϣʣϲ𣿡
²֪ôشˣڳʱ˴ӹһͷ
Ȼˣ˿֪Լڵжô
ھߵʱĿۣĿɿ̽ܿ˱ġ
Ǹû⣬￩¡
ҲƵĻشˣѸԼƾҪطƳ̫ڷأѾԵĹˣæԱ¿š
Ŵ򿪺žƣһ¶,Ҳ˽һֱҿ
﷢¡
ʵͦڵģʱʡǼʮǮͺˣﻢˣƺֿ˯ô˵ôأֻǸʲôӦ
ģġ
ڸĸȥʱûô޹֪ԼƲ֪ôܲ
˳Ĭ˻ĶӺܲʱ˵Ľ
ٴҲע⵽ˣæǲǶˡ
֪Ҳûʲôã͵ͷ˵ǣʵһˮδ
ƾ͸ϽȥԷԵǾƵѳԵķˣ£еĶԵôʡ
Ҳֻǿĳ˼ڲˣ˰ѡ
˳Թ˷ȥߡ
ûĵͷ˳ȥ
ţҲ˵·˲٣ܶ඼ˡ
Ȼ˵ҪҪ֣
ƷӦеģӦǰ͹Цģ㻹ˡ
Ŷһİͷȥе㲻Ӧڵе㲻˵Ĺ֡
ͼҸʲô⣬ʲô˵һķ
ߵʮ·ڵʱƺȻסǰ
һ۵ĳǲıǼȥģŵ˶ˡ
Ʒɿѵ·أɱأҲǰߣ㶼ˡ
Ҳ͸˵⣬͸ħƵıסơ
˿Եô㲻ӦûƿԼ
ܸоڷƲ֪ôˣܿ϶ǣԲΪղŷġ
ڷʱͿˣ˵͵Ҹղűײˣ͵㱧Ǿʬ塭ʵ𡭡ƣҡʲô飿
ƴһ󱻸ȾһȻĻر
촽ڶ£ӶҪˣ벻ԼҪ˵Ļֻǻر
ڻȥ·ϣƲ˵Ҳ֪Ҿ֪ҲԺ˭˭ˡ
һ·ĬŸƻص˾Ƶꡣ
˯ʱԼͷ
ƱҪ˵ʲôģûס˵ֵܾͱЩġ
ʰẈ̂ȻȥһŴ˫˴һԵÿտյġ
ƱܵĿǸſڴϿɵֱͦͦӡ
ƺܿ췢װ˯
ڨڨİͷתһȥ
¶޿κεЦҲװˣƵĴϡ
ƵȾ¶أһ־;סϵë
Ƴ۵Ľ˳
ԭƵëôЦˣЦĸһġ

 22 

һҹû˯ãڶʱ򣬾ͷܲ
ͦģҪҪȥʹ
ھģһҪȥʹµӶȥ
·ϵʱʱָˣҪתȥԲ԰
Բ԰Եúưܣܶطԭòƿ˼۾ûȤŻǮֵطֱǳԱ˳ŵġ
ͦȤģЩʯͷ͸˸ƵģĬ˰졣
ֻҲȾˣ˶ࡣ
·ţ԰˱٣ָ챱ɳܼܵȺܵͣһ֪ʲô˹ߣ˱紵ĶҪɢˡ
ߵҡţۿź͸ƵģֹƬơ
ƶҲûض㣬˸ʵϲ֪˶
˾͸Ƶģˣֻʶĺץߵߡ
ٻȥʱ˶˲ϹеĶˣϴҪ
Ҫǰƾ͸һϴˣѧˣϴš
ǰϴʱǴصġ
ƹŵĶ󣬾Ƶ룬Ʋ̵ĵطãͬʱִϣƫƫ
ϴִպϳ˷ûʲôˡ
ȥһ죬˶еˣһʱ˯ţʹ򿪵ӿƵǺܶ࣬ȥҲô˻Ӳſ
ڰʮʱ˵˯ɡ
ƾ͸һܹȥ˵ӡ
ڴ£ںڰƣǴ𣿡
ٳٶۣҲ֪ǲشģû˵
еʧôϢ˯ŵˣɷ˺ü˯ţһҧӴ
⾾ƵëƽģΪ췹
ֻƲͷļˡ
һ;Ļš
˽ܲлͺ˵ˣȥˣһվҪƵıӡ
ƻԵеٶۣΪһҪëأƾͲͷķ˸ֹţˡ
֮£ƾͼǲˣΪ˹ȥģӴϹ˵ϣ˵ۣ˾¹˴ϡ
ȥ·£񻹲ͷ
ƾ;ңңЩһֱš
ƾ˯ˡ
ʱƶ֪ôͦ󷽵ģʱʲôû˵͸һõĲٲõЦ˸к˵ˡ
ɵһĵͷ˵š
ȻܺõĿʼʰǵʲô·ëǮĶһһã
뵽ʱ䲻ˣûȥˡ
ڻվƱʱȥˣֱӻѧУ
ͦģûΪһűŤҪѧУģƾͰ˻ѧУƱ
˵ĳʱ䲻һƵʱ俿ǰ㡣
ߵʱںأƲ̫˼󷽷վԭس֡
Ʋ֪ôľ;۾ǰѧʱΣϳʱڣηֿҲ֪Ҫòټ档
֪ҲΣƻ͸вƵţŸոշֿš
ڻѧУûãֻˡ
ڶڵҵƵġ
Ƹյ˻ȵĻǺʱԵرȡ
ŰɫºɫӣõļСﶼֱˡ
æ뿪
˾ͽ˼ȥҪϣƾôôͻˡ
ЦŶ˵оˣǻԵġ
⻰˶е
Ƹ˺þòҪΪʲô
ƽ˵һ
ƾ͸ҭסһ˵
νЦ˵ȰˣҾһ𡣡
ƲܲǸ𰡣ٺáǸɤţһڲ𳡺æѹ˵ô𣿡
Ǻ˵ֻҪ㲻ҾУҪˣ͸ңԶ㲻ˡ
˶ˣͷƤһķ飬;ôԣⲻ񾭲ʲô
Ƽ˵ɣѧϰôãоУˣҵڣúѧԼͼǰ̺ҪƵĸ˴㹤ſˣôѧˣ
ΪȻ˵ڴѧҵҹĶˣôͲҹˣҪог·
ͷҡĸ˹Ƶģ㲻һӺʹѧϡ
ִ˵˵ûãѾҺùˣ͵ñҵ֤ǩԼˡ
㶵ĿƵİǰһ˱飬веģƼֱԡ
ƿ˰Żͨˣ˵ǾͻɣھУ˵˵ɡ

 23 

󣬵һҪסģҪǰƻԥԼסͬˣƷʱȴסǰǡ
ƶе˼ɣջǴӦ
ƾ͸˵֧۵
˸ճõĶƸŴʱͰԼĶһһóźá
زϴŲǰһġ
ֳϹʱ򣬳ȥ¼֮ƷѲֿⲼõסˡ
æһҪϢʱҵ˵㶫
ȥ·˵ѧԺÿ춼
Ҳ֪Ǹʲô뷨һֱͷ
סĵطȵÿˮƳ裬ûˮֱˮġ
վ𼤴
ƲǺ˵ϰˡ
ëʱԵúܲڣǽëʱ˵һ£ƾ͸Ыһ˻ȥ
ëͷϣĬתˡ
ֿ˲·ȣܲ͸ĸȵġ
ҺƲǨʱѵȴˣʱȿ󵵣תȾ͸Ҫɢ˼Ƶġ
۵ϣñĵķҳ
ҲûôϣԱߵĴϷµˮѴŪʪһƬҺȣһܸˡ
֪˶ã͵İϣŲǰ
Ʋ֪Ŀ
ƣƵ
ĶҪˣŵĿ¡
ȥҪƣûأͷƾ̲סˣʵҲǾſЦرŤ̲סľͺٺٵЦ
лܵϸĴˣŭεĶŲ̨ƿ
ư׳ôˣüëǵţһЦ۶һˣôôﻹţӲˣǸ̫趺ˡ
ıԹûİ㳤Ĳúɣ
ЦˣǣһоŤ
Ҳô£ҧҧŹģɲԣ
۾ˣ˫ֽƵĺף۶գľ˹ȥƵϡ
ƾ춼ˣ溬סͷ
ҵĺƵͷš
ƽɵģܵĻӦ
֪˶೤ʱ䣬;űĻΣŴŅ̀ͷҲ׵󺹵ģ˿ŶԷе㷢㡣
ɿŻ⣺ݿɹȵġ
е㷴Ӧٶ۵ĵͷ˵ţǡȡ
Ȼ˾Ͷ֪˵ʲôˣϴ˯ʱ򣬿Ƶķƶѵľ⣬Ʋû·¸ˡ
˯ˣһУ̲סȥӲƵĵ˴ƻֱˣʱҲһ̡
ַɿƵ±ߣȻӲˣղ׵ʱ;ƷӦͦģЦĲ⡣
һˣڲ㳤˿
ֱӱˣ޲õڸȥ
ƶҲţϢԽԽ֡
Ҳ˷ӦƵ֣Ƹ
ƾ͸Ƶ֣İƵԼǰ
ɤ˵ҶŪüˣͲܰһأ
ŲǺԸĶ
ĴϢʵƵҲôǾر
ºƺܲϣʵϾǱˣСʱôӲģ¾͸Ūˣƾضˣҡ
Ǹ񣬿ƶ̧ͷ
˵ʩƾھʩôôƤҪǶԷŪ˶ûС
ϹʱԺĶ֪ԼҪʲôһһȥƼһ𣬵ҲܵˣҲ˵ԼǸʲôо
λĿĵģʱסźͿʼĥӣѡһһķӣȥ
û뵽һôģæǮ
ЦеƣǷӿ˲ǮģŪҲûˡ
ָСǸ˵䵱鷿ĸá
ƾǷչ̫ˣûӦء
ĴǣӦҹ滮ҵġ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǼƵգҪȥ̫̫ף֪ˣҲҪһȥ
ĺܣĥӾܾ
Щˮȥˡ

 24 

ƾʹȥˡ
ƸĸԴӲǨ󣬾Ͱ˸Сƽסš
ȥʱɩѾˣææųˡ
Ƶɩûʲôӡ󣬿ɻǴϴк
ƵĸĸͦģҲ֪ƸõĸһƵģټǰ˵绰Ҳûе⣬к³Է
ʱЩѣ˻ûȫأƵĸĸƳȥϴѣһ˷ͳԡ
ڷƵĸĸ졣
Ƴȥϴѵʱɩӻڳæء
ƾɩӸ˵
ͦ˵˵ͣͣɣܸǸܣûһԳ˵ģҪ㣬Ǹ꾫㿴ƺĶң˵㻹ûֹ
ƵɩӲˣµǽܵĹֲǽܵĶԼ̸ˣƨ£˵ʧʲôˣĸ̸ѵĲǮΪ־;ſˣ治Ǹˣ
ƸֹôˣҪģģɻڿۻã϶ع˼ҵ֣ݣźȥɣҿʲôģ
ɩһ㲻ӵĻص˼ҺأҪǮǮСγˣҪʲôϢסֿ
˵ţͿˮϴѵˡ
ƵĸҲ֪ûУϽһϱȻͶȥˡ
ֻͷϴѡ
ƫƫɩ˾񣬰ȥ˵žҪ
Ʒܵ˵˵
ƵɩһǻӦƸģ£ҪӦƸġ
ǸѵˣɩӼȻˣҲʵ˵ˡ
ɩһ͸ȤˣЦе˵ұðɣҸʱͷŵǸƯɣʦأڱģոУɣ˵ѽܽô
ƱסˣɩȤͲ˲ϱ˵ķӦˣȷ˱ӦƸ£׷ʵӦƸڱʲôʱǩԼ
ֻܺߺ߹˵ôһ˵Ҳ
ƵɩǸЧʵģµͲ˵ʲôˡ
ƴҴϴѣȥʱĿھ͸ѹ˿ʯͷƵġ
һ۾Ϳˣſƺüۡ
ֱɩӶʱô¡
ɩڳԷʱһĴѧУ̸û̸Ůѡ
òĻش˵ѧæû̸
ƵɩӾˣҪܶ鵽˾ܾ˼ĳ̶ȡ
ĿĿƣйϵ鸴ӵĿƣί˵Ǹܲǩ˵׼أȹ׼˵
Ƶɩһæ˵ǺǺãǩԼٰż棬ǱҪģģҪģ԰䡣
ЦɿƵʱġ
ƵͷԵļ˲ûǺֱԡ
ɻǰݸơ
һֱȥʱƣֲƵļ˷֣װûµӡ
ֱߵԶŵһۡ
ƺ޹Ŀʾͼ˵ôң軹֪˭˵ȥأɩӺȻ㣬֪ģҲ֪ɩӵ죬趼ɵˡ
㣬żӣȻЦͿȥ˶Ƶļ˵ʲôо
ƿҲûͻصŤıŤ
Цˣⶺ˵ҶӦɩˣʱ򲻼ðɣ
û
еʧ䣬֪Լֻʵʵ˵Ҿôһ˵ҲŲȥأˡ
͸ôһҲûӦ
ɵʱһѰסȥ
ôӲû˿ɵǣűŶԷ

 25 

ˣҲûʲôתͷװҪæģŪڣȽôҲű
ƫƫƻܹݵֶΣҵڴͷԼǸƶȥӡ
ƼҳԵĶ٣εİԼ·ϴ˺󣬾ûƵģŴϣųԹĳĶƤеĵžž¡
ҪǷӣûڳأǻҪסһʱĲֿ⡣
С۵ϣǷ˵Ӿ͵٩˵ûУ
ƾͺٺһЦͷ˵ˣпܳԡ
ȻһգգĿơ
ƱĽҲűıĵ
˵Ĵǽŵģ̽ȥƷӦƿƵ£˶Ƶ棬ͻ㣬һһ
˵ʵ͸ҧƵģҧֱ죬ɣͷħƵĻûûˡ
ƾµеûаҿҧɿɿ
죬ˮ˳Ƶؿǡ
˶ˣҲ̧ͷ
ƣ˿ڿˮ
ĺ޲Ҹطȥ
Ȼ͸˸˳µǣɲ죬˵㼼ɡ
˶֪ôкˣٲΪ̫ͶԼ
ֶ˵ʱҲ򵥡
ƸУʦͨˡ
ֻԽԽû˵ˣԻ
˵ûһɣɴĶˣϵô˵ҲͻͽķչɣƻǸǰһǵĹϵûǰˣһҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôǰ׵ĸо̫һˡ
ǰֵģǰʲôʲô˵ԵĸоǰװӣǰòŲûӦˣھȻϴ·ÿϴģôôŤûҪıʲô
֪Լڱţ
ǰҪжƸ˵ʱûţ˵Ǹʱĺ꣬ãǺˣʲôü˳۵ûһЦŭľ
ָʲôģҲûס
ҺķӺܿˣæҪƵĶʰ˰ȥ
ʵʱһֱҲûţҪдأΪȥɲϡ
Χɲ̫С̫ңԶĵط˼ɣ㣬ɻãһһ硣
æͷװʱƺȻ˵ⷿ㣬ˡ
ƾ͸Ƶģֹ˵ÿ¶װ׸˺ü٣ӻԼģ㰡
ˣ˵ҶŪˣ֤Ҳˣȥ˰
ƻ߶˵ҪⷿˣǷӲҪ𣿡
ûǲǨôҲҪһꡣ
ڨЦ˵ҲЭŰЭ鵹ȥͷҲеǮǸɴϻ򷿵ˣҪУҶڽ㣬ȹ˽á
ҲĶˣɻе㲻򷿣ʲôİ
Ʋ˵ʲôвеģ㿴ܲܰѱ֤ҪǱϹˣһελˡ
ĿƣǾһλסˣһֱкö뷨ǣڿǾûƵϹġ
Ƕһ䣬ҪҪƸĸ
Ȼû뵽⣬ͺ˵ʱ˵Ǩһʱ²ء
¶Ƚ˽֪Լֹ̫ˡ
˭յģ̾˿·Һñ֤˿һµķ⣬˻
ưæ£м仹Ҫ
Ȼϴ꣬нȻǲ˶㱻˵Ұãһ¥˵ɽ㣬ٽϢǻ֮ĺá
ϸʲôﶼë֦Ҷʲô
û˵졣
ҪǴǿСһƵԸ񣬾ʹ糤̵Ǹƽ಻ɳӣ޲÷۰С﷭ȥƫƫƻǰСġ
޲ҧƼ
ǿһף󣬲ʮƽСһķΪǶ¥һʮƽƽ̨˶þܿ·ӡ
λԶ˵㣬ӦƸǸѧУҪڸУһ˵æҪˡ
ѺʱҪд˵鷳ȫȨˡ
˵˦ƹĵģ㲻ҰⷿŪԼģѪ޹飬Ƿһƨɵծ
˿˵ҪҪЩĽ飬ΪһΪ׷ģ
˵ҺԼϲɵӡ

 26 

ˣɻûסʱ䣬Ǯ˴յģΪضƫǮҲˡ
ǸͬдƵ֣дʱĶԺװ޵¡
򵥣Ϊ˷Ӿ˼ңĻװ޲װްС̴ž죬ͼֽˣû¾ȥ·ߴ磬Ҫչʱѷˣȥֻܸɵվ¥½
˵ӵʱһ㶼ûУСסľƽ¥һûУӡӲǽˢİ׵סȥ
ԼæŸơ
Ǹ췿ȥĲģסĵطҲûӣƽʱֲֽһڣȻѹƼΣҲһ
ȥ˵ʱҲǴŹ̫¡
ƻں˵أʲôǵ͡β̫˰ɣڻרҽԺȥʲôף˵ǿֿһҪ𣿡
Ǽ˴֣ƴȾҲˣͻصôȴǸ
˶ûʲôõĵģƽʱð٣Ǹǲܡ
ԽԽ٣ĵҲԽԽžǲ̫ˣƶעŵ㣬İ˿̫ˡ
Ʋôĵ˵Ǹ춼ȥһˣڼɤӶˡ
Ҳ֪ôοƣƵļ
ʱ˵ȰԤǵ䣬ҩİ˾Ҫ̫ߣҹϵһ䣬ȸ
ƾĸһʣµһģûҪƾˣһ绰ȥ֪ɩҵƫȳθˣסԺء
һ֪󣬾ȥȥ˵ҽԺ̫࣬ɩչţûҪܹȥ
˾Ͳˣ˵ֲǵõķǵ䣬˵ǵ˷ǵҲȥ
˵ûˣƵġ
ҪʱǷ˶ڸĿ֣ݸơ
ĺܴƴϺ͹ʣС¶档
ֺֺЦ
ʱһȥڵļȥˣ¸˹ĵĶɫԽԽÿԸҿ˸ᣬǰ˰¹Ǯѵʱˡ
ưš
ǸƿŶģƾͰο˵׬ȥ׬
ڲ޺ڵ˵ָ֪öá
ô䣬һˣǳ˯˯˳ԣĵ˶ҪëˣҲ˲ʲôȾȾˣ˴ſ־ͳȥˣֻҪǴĵطȥ͵ò£Щ˶ļĵطҲڹ䡣
дˣѧУ˵绰ѧУļĹȥУ˾Ͳûˡ
ĺתѧУҲ绰ˣ˵ǿԷУ
ǱҵĺʲݣɢﷹûϣʲôǴӼģͰˣưĶʲôģΪмоͬѧͳͳЩˡ
ĴæȥҲæ˸ж͸ƻ˼ҡ
ڽվʱвµģƵʱҲû⣬֪ôģľȻ38ȣ¿ɰһΧ˾͸ƵĶơ
æ˽˵ԼûգǲŪˡ
Ƹ˵ʱ־̽˹ҪƵ֡
æ㣬˿ԶԶģ˽͡
Ǹµ˲ָƲ˴Σˡ
žԼȶеΡ
ϳ˵ĵһ仰ǣҺûѵܡ
͵͵Ƶ
֣Ķ˺
λƱƽʱʵˣȻ׵Ŀָ·˳
˯ʱƼһƵͷһϲͷɰ磬ģصš
ҪƽʱˣξȻԹԵ˰졣
͵ͷƵ죬һǡ
кܶ໰˵Щ¼䳣˵Ļֻѵˮ˵һ䣬ҲƤĿű飬һİЦ
ֻܿƱ۾
ȴȻ۾һ˵˾Ұ㡣
󣬰춼ûзӦ

 27 

ӦʱѾתװ˯ˡ
ĿƵı֪˵ʲôֻıסơ
ƵԼеҪǲ
һˣɻǺߺɶɶġ
ƣŬԼ
֪㲻ȥˣ˰β˵еͻȻ
ȻԥĿẈ̂ŵͷ˵ǸɲᰡŪɱԹҡ
һ;мᣬæ˵ʲôۣ
Ƴǵͨ죬˵ۡҾ㡭ץĽҲһܿƵס
һæƽ͵ҲǸ˼
Ƴһɻ
֪ô˵ˣ:Ҳ±Ǹҵ˼ǡ
һͻˣǳ˵˵㲻˭ѵ
һƾˣɫһ䣺үģſɣ붼룬㵱ʲôˣ
ƵĻ̼
粽õĻصģҪ˵֣ô嶯𣿡
ƿ˵ζҪըˣƫƫ˵дǵģֱĲ֪ôµɣӲɣ
˵´ﻹֹҪ˯ˣ˭˭
ĺģһŸڴˡ
͸ӱƵģ˸͸ΪʲôҪȻס
ͷأڲԵĻص˵ģ軹ˣ
˵꣬ҲĶˣϽ͵ĵҲ֪֮ǰ̸ѣʱ˵֣ҲûôôͲˣ
Ŀƣվڴ߶Ҳ
һվվ˺óʱ䣬ƵҲˣƾе̧̣ͷС˲٣ʣô˯ôվŸ𣿡
Ҳػ
ﱾƣǸĿ˯ȥ¸ղԼ˵ĻҲ˵Ĺ˵㣬ƾ˵Ҵ˲㻹վŸ𰡣
ǲ˵ΪΪղǸɶأ˵УУҪɻ˵ܶ˼ôҲǸеġܵùƽɣҪץΣ
߷ߵĴƵĻ˵ˣ
һʱûӦ׵Ŀ
֣ղŸ˵Ǹ˵ٴΣ
׹ЦЦæŽ˵ģʱûü˵أ͸˦ˡ
ʵˣ˵Ҳ֪䡣
ĶûһĻˣһ뵽ƵǶιȥҲǸζ
ǸСۣ಻ɳӡ
ƸŮһֶûʹܴ̼û뵽ƽ˵ˣĴ׾ôѹסˡ
͸ƵѹסƣƷӦ˰ģҪƷ;Ķƽʱ̫һɲģڰأ
߰Ǳߺţϲˣҵģ
ڸ˸ƽ֣Լק
˶ģΪѵĿųǴڴ˵үģ軹ǿģҲǸСϸ첲Сϸȵġ
ĵɴ۾Ѿ˵ʲô˵ʲôҽҪˣ
һĭˡ
֮˱˺óʱ䣬һ϶Է˵ȴͬʱûϢʧߡ
õ㣬ǰеʧߵë֪ôԸŹƻǴϽͷһΣⷭȥڡ
̲סˣ˵Ͳͣ
ĴӴ˵˯㿴⺹ϴˡ
Ȼŵƣ͸ϵıһ
֪Ϊʲô˶û˵
̲סˣС
ƵƼ˵ȥ
ֲ֪˵ʲôˣǳĬ˻
˲ûܣСʱžͻᳳÿζ֪ôľֺͺˣһǲǸǣֹϵ
룬Ĳһˣܶоһˡ
ƻأѾˣܲˣʱ䵹ȥǶӴڳһܵ˯ţҲ֪ĸһںںĶᡭ㻹ƫƫ̼ҡ
˵ˣžǻжôɬɬġ
ڰҲ֪ǸʲôӦĵĵţֱߵĴߣֱ

 28 

˵ĻǱ죬ʹ۵ĶҪιȥˣҲûͣ
ҹе˵͸һ
ʲôģС֪ԼҪĶƶԥķŵԼǰ
ºԵúʹ࣬ɻ.
˵ʲôȴ֪ôڡ
֪ǲΪǵһΣ²ûãĥ˶Ŭ¾ƫƫΪҵŪ˼βꡣ
ܶ£ǿǸûӺû顣
ڶһ磬ƾˣѵʱˢء
ȥ
û뵽ƾ͸ƵģһͶ㿪ˡ
Ŵչȥ˵õ𣿡
⻰ʻãһʾ͸ͱƵһ
Ʋ˵Ѿһվλðзİ
ľһ㶡
ߺߵɣëǵĭӲҪš
æ׷ȥ
ƵͷſӣôһıŤ
ôˣƲ˵ʲô
֪Ϊ£ﲻˡ
Ҳ֪ô죬Һõƻʱ򣬾͸ûһ˸ϡ
пϣһһųԡ
˶ûԵģ֪ôľָƺͺˡ
ֻǸ£̫ˣƲˣ·ҪϸĻƳ㲻ͬһһյġ
ҲԼʱ̫ûˣƵĺӻںͷأüһʱġ
֮æǩԼϰʵϰзҲҪˣ֮ǰ֪ĺڷҲˮ档
ǹģȻڽķΥԼҲûЩҵȥҹõĴ˷ǵ䣬˭Ҳ
⳥²֮ҺҲû⣬ӵǲǴëŶûУҪĹɲ١
Ͱȫ˼װϣɿװ޵Ҫص㡣
Ǻʱ򣬲֪װһҪ鷳ģʲôˮ··ģֱͷΡ
˵ʱ˿ͬĶ˵֪
֪װ޲ķѾҪǮأע⵽ǸһֱôĵǮ
֮˾ͿʼڼˣƽʱǮ˾ͳȥԺõģ˳ôʡǮôԣͷ̲˶ܳԵĽζ
Ҳȥ˼νĳǣװװ޹˾ģԼֵġ
ֻţʲôԼ֣ɲϣɿһ£Լһ£ƻǻеУߴ綼׼
ֻʲôԼῸƵ֡
ˣϲʽװޣȴƫʽģҲǲΪԷ룬˭иۣΪѿľͲ
ȥģãǸõģػеĶﻹûȺأͱ̭ˡ
򵥵ĵ̴שǵذͻ˺üΣԸ⣬ϸ˵˵̣Ƽ۾ҵһʽҪϺüСʱë
װ޵ĻҪשˣƿǸʧı飬;ɶ򰡣ģϲǿľذ塣
ѡҲ󣬼۸Уþͳɣذɫģ޹޹ƽ̺ˣʡ˲鷳
ҲװĲˣɫĵשɫǽש
ĵطҲе뷨ġ
װ޿ȥ򵥣ŪʵϰڣһѧȻôΣҲ٣µĻµ˼ʹϵӦ
æҲűʱƵɩ绰ˡ
Ĺǩûǩ
챿һȥˣ˰˵˸ţºˣɩӾ¿ת׵¡
ϡͿĴӦֻž
ɴӦӦˣƷΪѣ֪ôڡ
æ˹ȥ·ǵʱṤˢǽأװ޵è̫࣬һвŵ
»ƣҲʹ£ƫƫﲻɵӣҪ˸ɻŷġ
ʱŵ˸˵ط£۵ȣŽģķӣ̵ġ
ƫƫƿ鲻ˡ
ԥԥڿڸ˵ˡ
˵ļ򵥣Ϊɩ֮ǰ͸˵˵Լࡣ
˰ΣΪԼˣֱظ˱飬֪ԼûԼڱýء
ҺҲȫɵ֪˵ʱ򣬲ϼ䣬㿴ӣɩӽС
Ƶģͷ˵УҾȥ˵꿴ƣѾŭ鶼ˡ
֪˰ţǼæο˵һΣû´ˣұ֤
һֹȥû⣬ôӦңǷ곡ϷҲס
ˬ˵ˣĶǳ
Цˡ

 29 

ȥˡ
ƻ겻ĵ˰죬ò׵ȵҲû㱨ʲôĵġ
ⶺƣǼץ
ƻûʳأͷֻˡ
ȻҺ˹ҲԼ䱸˸ֻֻȥģǮҲ͵ġ
ƽʱǵùҹɵǣƾͺ޲ðµĺöѵǰֻӵǮƵǸǿ˲ֹһ㡣
߽ӵ绰͵ۿơ
Ķᵽɤˡ
ͷ˿Լͷɩӡ
Ļ˵ҾŲ̫ʡǸ˼ͦõģҾǲʡǵģлл㡭û취
µ绰һۣԹɩӿ˵˵̲ס˲Ŀɱÿˡ
Ʋĺߵôȵô˭󰡣ܰᶯɳ𣿡
ƽʱҪõɳӣЩɳӵĵ¥ʨӴ󿪿ڣΪʡǮ;Լȥɳӣƾһһϰᡣ
ɳӰǰȥˣƵҲĥ˸
ŪֱԹ˵֪绨Ǯ˰أæ죬ûǮ·
Ǽ֮˵ϵĨ
ϵ̼ͦģȻһɻ¼ӱ˺һᣬΪû˶ҿƣôںʲôûװëıš
װˣΪʽţǸСƽֻ̨򵥵̴שҲûŪġ
˫˴мҾܼĶˣƸѶҲ½˽ȥ
Ƹ˵˰ҵ£ڷҪæȹ
ȱʲôæѿⷿǸ۵鷿һװӡ
ȴʲôû˵
֮ƻؼҵʱɩ״˵ǸĲУɩӵ˵ĹҲδжã۸ڶ˭Ʋˡ
֪еԵɣɩڵ绰ĭǶˣҲûӦټһ棬ɩӲŹء
ƾ͸Ҳ
ɩ˵ˣһת˵ǵĲǨɩӶԲǨ¾һֱû¹ЩӸǳ⣬û¾ƵȥǼĶӶһ
ôҲһˣɩӿʱҲ˳ƿ˿ƹԷɩӾ͸˵ˣǸڵĵطã·ڡ
Ƶĸ粻ˣŪʱ;ŶԲƣκǸףڿԼϱ˱˻ԣͳ˵ôིס˾С
ɩӿɲô룬ɲô˵ϱӽ£϶ԭ˵ַʹˣֻҪڴҸӾС
ƺߺ߹ģһ飬ӵһֱû˵ڿǷˣʱ˵˵ûʲô˵û³ˡ
һٷƳԳĲ
ס¼ңѷӿռסģƾû£ŴС
ססˣɻװ޵ķȾ˵ڿкôĵ
ƻʱˮأֻһۣͿˡ
ʱ򶼾ţ͸˴˶Ļ׳һʲôס
ƾͰ¸һһʮ˵ˡ
ǸˣƵͳıʲô취벻ֻܺ˵˭㵱˵˵Ҳ鷳
ƴͷɥġ
ͿƵ
Ʒ۹ʱе㲻˼˵㿴ʲô붢
ʲôû˵ˮ
ȻûʲôǮǸرĵˣǰϲԣʼѧŶˣӳʼ⡣
Сƽ̨ҲúˣԴʼϲݣȻĶʲôƷ֣ɺ̵Ŀȥܺÿ
ʱ˼ͷˮɣŴڵʱ򿪡
һš
Ʋܽţϲĸ̸һΡ
ƵʼʱôǸˣǸҪǸ
Ҳˬ죬¾ʹӦ´
ʹʹˣɿˣǸ֣뻹һƾȫˣҪҪ˲˵ڡ
ò׽ȥ˵㣬һüƾ͸ļƵĽš
ǽƵĻ˵ûĺľ
Ҳʡ͵ƣҵ񲻴죬ǸѧϰˣҵʱͿʼѧϰϣŮëƬ˼ţŪŻԼַʳɣҲӴѧУĿ¼͵͵һ̡
Ѫȥ̵DVD
ɶˣͲˡ
ΪԸƱ߿дʱ򣬲ŷƶЩһȤûУǿ˼۾Ťͷȥһġ


 30 

ôڼƲϲоݵϲǸƻͦġ
жʱ˼ôһͨҲѪ˲񣬱ڳɳϹȥġ
󲿷ʱƻϲص
Сǹˣʵϰĺ˳ϽʦĹϵĲǸϽʦҵϲƱʲôģһʱ䳤ˣϽʦ͸ûµĵ㾭ϵļ⡣
ҲȤ˽˹Ʊ֤ȯſʻ֡
ʲô֪ȻϲƵˡ
ڿŵĵӾҲҪõҺһֱϴӲΪѹ
Ҳ֪Լƹ߻ˣԷǰƣɺҲԼѡԾʲôˡ
ôƶǸһ㣬ǳϵġ
ƣĳһһը˷ε¡
˵ҲǴɣǸʱӦǻؼҵģʹѬ⡣
ôﳵ·һֿڵʱ򣬿ƸһŮڳ⳵
ΪԼۻˣɽûͣ˼׷˹ȥ
ûãǳ⳵һҽԺſͣ¡
һǸҽԺɵˣ͸һ
Եƻȥʱʲôû˵һȭߣ껹û꣬籸õĲ˵ͷ뿳ȥ
Ҫȥˣɲġ
Ƹɵˣֲôһ£ͱܵס֡
Ų˵ƵĲΪʲôŮȥҽԺ
ŻȻ
ƵĽһûͻԭǸŮǰŮѡ
Ƶ˵ǸŮˣƭˣе˵ҪȢ˼ţⲻ˺Ӻ˾ˣʱҪизǩ֣û˰취ġôҲй飬ʹӦæƾ»ˣһֱ
㶵Ŀƣζû뵽Լôεƣôܲ͸磬
ƽŵĿĲ˵
ڰѲ˵ˡ
һҪⱻˣæպãʰʱʱʱĿٷŭʲôģο㿪ˣƽʱʱɱҶӰ
ָǲܵˣľĵպ˵Ÿ߳ԱߵǸ
ûٷƢҲû˵ʲôţһġ
˷ԣҲ
֪ԼǴ鷳ˣײһûûˡ
ƾسϿҵĸǸò̾ʲôʲôǸǰ͸˸ƵĲô죬ʱ䵹ȥ
ֻܶ˵һΣҪ֪ŮûûˣǾƣһ
Ƶͷ絷⣬ˣˣ˵˵ģȥϷչ
ǸŮйصĻһֶ˵
Ҳıտڲ̸
鷳һһͷƸ˿ͷڵĵͳˣڽȥҪǰҲתڲͬˣǾ˷ǵ䣬ʧ٣¿׬ģû뵽⡣
ھŹˡ
ɶڹţƸȥ
ɾͲǶҪǵˡ
Ҳ㲻һǮȻ࣬ɶǸ˼ɣ֮Ϳʼתõ̵¡
ƻȥ˵ˣ˵ʱһܡ
һ죬Ͱοƣ˵Ҳ룬ʲô룬ڼϢ˵
ֻõͷӦš
ͷοǰοˣɩ֪󣬾е侮ʯľ
˹ȥһһǰ취ʵڿ˵ľûõĻ
˵ž˵ˣӵƵļ֪ˡ
ҲеûӣΪ˲ɩӵڿ࣬Ͱѻת𴦣һתתתˣǨһ֪ɩӾġ
Ųò򷿵¸˵ˡ
ɩһͲˣ˵򷿾򷿰ɣǸռ˰
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ܲõĻȥ¸˵ˣҲûʲôȰġ
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 31 

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ĸûʲôӦƸСͺãסҲûʲô
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Ƹʱװź䵭ӣ߶ûߡ
ƼϲҲû˵
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ҺǵָֻƽΨһ鷳û˹
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ûʲôֻڼţҺﻹеƾʡŻ
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ܿ˰취ӣӵĻоȥһ룬Ϊƣֵͦõġ
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 32 

˵Ǹ֣ʼӵİװ׾ģһָձҵѧÿεҩ궼ҪװĶû˵ʱŸƵ˾ܡ
Ϊ̫æǧʲôĶУõҲõģЩʲôˮζĴɫģƿֱ˵Ǹصɧ
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ÿζѡ˵Щ߰ĻüŪ۵ģŪŮ˿Ϳˣߡ
ƫƫ˻Уܿͳˡ
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 33 

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ÿɷĳĬš

 34 

ֵĻ˵Ҫ֪жѡ
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 35 

ټѾһºˣһֱѷתµͷָˣڵ绰˵ǰĶ뿴벹ĻͰѷˣһǮ
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ʱƴûһַʽʹࡣ

 36 

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˿˵Ը޸ңҲȢ

 37 

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Ϊƺ󣬰Ѿƿµʱ˵һ仰˵ҴˣѾˡô졭

 40 

ЩӦĲ˶ˣͷͳԣز˼顣
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Ƹϱ£ƣ˽˵£˵ɩ⼸࣬ҲߣҲûʲô°ϱһֱͦεģƲȥԼȥʹϵ 
Ƴûˡ 
޿κεֻȥַɩӴġ 
ΪҪĻ鷳˵طſڵһͼˡ 
Ǹӣûʲô仯ͷ˲٣˷ͣ˿ȥе塣 
ƹȥк 
ƺԵͦģ漴侲е㾯Ŀơ 
˸ûͬͬѧһ죬˵Ķ⼸ľ 
ûʲô˵ģҲ赭д 
˵ʱ˸绰Щϵ£һʱ˵Ͷ˵£˵ͳ 
Ŷͳȥˣܴվ棬һط˲٣ܶ˿վſڸƵģ׷׶עĿ 
ƻһĵš 
һСʱųһۣҲ˵ʲô 
ƾ߹ȥҲ֪˵ʲô 
ȿڵģ첻ˣԸ 
ʱûԷˣҲ˵ʲô 
ͿųȥԷˡ 
Էĵطѡģţѡİ䡣 
Ʋ֪ʲôˣǿŲ˵ʹ죬û˵ͶԷ˵һ 
ϵĺܿ죬ɫȫƫƫûʳĿĵġ 
е˶ˣϤƷУ֪ﲻס£ڿƸǰǲһˣֵطˣ֧֧᲻˵ 
ȴƳĬôк𣿡 
ư֪ôش𣬾͵ͷ˵ͦõģںˣôˣûء 
û˵ģĵ˵ȥ 
ͣţڹӣ۾Ѿ⣬֪ͦõģˡҾ㡭 
ԴӸ棬һֱ˵ϻ˵İѿӷ£ʪ˲֣ͷʵҾΪ 
ƿȫȻİûӦɩӽϾе㷢ɬҪҡͷ˵ûģ硣 
ޱε˵м¡ɩӡ 
䣬ˣ͵վߣæ׷ȥڿŵλãȥĿ죬һһǮſҪ˽ʵʱƾ׷˳ס֣ţɡ㡭 
ûǸŵӣ˵㡣 
æŷԱȥʡ 
ڴš 
ɵȥҲƻߴæȥһͼǸ˵أܸۿҪҰֻѹ⡭㿴 
ˣæ첽߹ȥƵһԣԼĿݹȥ 
ƾͲҸطȥˣǽ˵Ǯû´һ㡭 
պԼĿ˦һ䣬Ҳû´ˣվ˵ 
һֱ˾ƵĴš 
˰ѳĺȥһۡ 
ƻվأľګûһ㷴Ӧ 
ǰɵɵɵдŹʵھƳ׳˶ɵӣͷĴ򿪳Ŵߴţɡ 
Ÿ 
ǸΨΨŵŵľ̲סڿôˣ˵ȥ£ڴȣ洵ʲô簡ûӵ𣿡    43  


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һ仰˵ôĬš 
ڰͲסˣƣеԹһԵ罦ãƣã㵽ҪôſϷŹңǳģȻˣҸĶˣҲã·Ҳգ㵽׸Ҹʲô 
úش 
ƵӰӰ˵Ҿ֪ôġ 
Ҫ˵ģѾƵ˼ 
һ̣һԶ뱻˽⿪Ị̇ݺݵĶƣͣ¡ 
ƺһھͶ²סһҲܵʱҲƿȥӻüҪΪܹıãʹˡ㿴ҵͷҲŶ󰡣ŪԴİëǶûȥ 
Ŀƣʲôû˵ڵ˵ȥ 
û˭˭һӵĵǻ᲻ʡ 
ϢһӺжˣסƣƻûӦǰˣɳϵģƾȻ 
һжеͻȻͬʱ˳ţɴĵǣƫƫ˼ѹһ˸첲ȣӵʱֶڶ¡ 
ɲôƶûôţֱͣƲڳ˸ 
֪Լ˵ƣѾ˲ˡ 
ֻܻظһǡ 
ղŻûע⣬˴·ʱע⵽ƽϲͬɫӣ˵ž͸㴩ô˫ӣ 
ƳĬŴ· 
Ǹνӣ̫£һ֡㲻ϻҪɣ 
ƹһҡͷ˵Ƿַ˯ 
һ㣬ɻʲô鶼ûС 
ſڣ˵ĺƽΪЩظ飬ʵ㲻ǷʲôСҵĺãҲ벻ҲΪº㣬˵Ҳġ£Ҳõġ 
ļ޳վûҿޡ 
±ӣ滰˵ˣƲסĳ֧ 
ƿ̵е㾪ȣǺ̵ܷģҲΪŰ̸˵ġ 
֪ʲôν˵õģ񫲻󡣡 
ƿų̵̲סȰǱĺã㿴Ҷˡ 
Ҳ˵ʲôĬĬİ̸ˡ 
ٻصҵʱѾ賿ˡ 
¶绰߽ʱ򣬷¶ڵ 
ŷ۾¶ôô˲ŻؼңҲص绰 
Ьӣ˵ҲǸɩӰȥ˳˷ֳ˻裬ûĵ绰 
¶ԼĲԣ˵Ϊʲô 
ƻЬʹȥ˯ 
¶Ĳˣȥ˯ˣ˯Ժʱ򣬾˵ʵҲû˵ʲô 
һҾ͸˵绰 
ڵ绰˵˺ܶ࣬ƼǲЩĻˣ֪ڷǿεǸ⣬ͬʱڰʾʲôƲǲףһֱװźͿվˡ 
˵绰ƾþö˯ţ裬˷¶£뵽 
Ʒǰһֱû 
Һɩӵ¸ˣɩӱЬר񣬾˵Ǹĺܻɩ̵˵û뵽ӻô 
ɩΪԶٷƸϽܾˣɩӾܴϵͦ׵ģ˵ʲôҪ 
ҪƸ͹ȥ˵˼˼ 
û취ֻӲͷƤ¶ 
ҺƾͿʼķζһ㣬ɷ¶ÿζĺóԡ 
ƴӲøжֻźסһʱһֱͻڣʱӦöġ 
ʵһֱںڣֻǺûһãѧûʲôĻĻ˵֪ⱲǷˡ 
ЩҲûͳȥٴˣŹˡ 
ɩƫƫԼ͹ȥˣҪ˼ӡȥȷϡ 
ЦӦɩӵģɵɩһ뿪͸ȥ˵绰 
֪ɩʲô˵ˡ 
˼˵ƿҺһֱûҲȲš 
һ㲻źЦƣɩ˵͸ˣ˵ͦ˵ģ 
ƾûǽ±ȽϺãɻû˵ڣѸøҵĶô̰С˵ôԽԽ˿㣿   44  


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ƴҴƿȥ 
ϲƵĻⷿסĲúܼ򵥣ֻдƷģĶǷĶ 
ĵطҲûġ 
һţͱסơ 
ȻǾ˳µˡ 
ĺܿȣҪ 
֮ǴϢƽ࿴ŶԷ 
ʲôˣҵûһͷ 
Ƕû˵ôű˴ˡ 
Ʋֹ֪ϵҪάֵʲôʱûκνԣƫƫ˰ѳֲסһһεĳԡ 
ҲϲѳߵӦ˻Ǿһ 
ɾҲˡ 
ڼ棬Ҳ֪˵ʲôϵʱҲϰߵ˶ţ޷Ƕʱص֮ġ 
Ƹ¶ͨķ޲һԷ¶еΣû¶һڲضûУʱʱķŵ͸һܶǿžߣȥ֧֧ġ 
¶ԽԽ͵ƵĶţһ¾ͷϰžȻǳͬһ롣 
ڰͲסˣֱƣ´ݾߡ 
¶е겻ġ 
ɩӿˣǲʲô£׷·¶˵˳ 
⵹ã͸ͱһɩӵָƵ衣 
̫̫ԾҲû˵ģŵҲô£¶ô궼˩סƵģҪŮˣҲûʲôˡ 
ƵɩӲɣ򱧲ƽҪ¶ 
ɩеǰ취ȥƶŶӽǮ÷Ա˵绰շѵ 
һ֣ɩӾסˣû뵽 
¶Ҳͦȵġ 
ɩ̲סѵ¶˵㰡ôô񾭾ģǸǺþûϵˣžֵôŰҲ̫Сˣ˵˵㡣 
¶Ĳվǽ⣬ʱ򣬸ߵ죬ԼԼĳã 
и󣬿Ц˵Ҫǽ¶࣬Ǹͬ־ 
һ仰ˡ 
ɩӻȥ󣬾͸̫̫˵£˵龪һĶš 
̫̫˶һˣƵģ֪Ҫ£ԴɩӰưº;Ҫ£Ȼǳˡ 
̫̫Ĳ֪˵ʲôã˸ͰƽˣȻѻһԵ˵ˡ 
£û뵽¶˽µŻع 
ѾĹǺˣ޲Լӣ˵Ҫ˶ʲôʱ򣬷ϱǶ֪ˣʹ찡 
ľĿ裬ġ 
̫̫Ƶסˣû˵ 
˵ģ˵һ ţ軹˵ʲôͱƴˣ¶̫ίˣģҪҵʵˣҾ͸顭 
賹ŭˣȥôõϱҪҪǸҪҪ֪㣡 
ν˵룬һҪأҾǻԵˣһһ졭 
ЩԽԽûˣͷƵĳԴеա 
иĸϣŮõģ̫̫۵Ŀĵ˵ҲΪãʲô 
ƻȥʱ򣬷¶ĵ˷ 
ƳԷʱ򣬲û̧ͷ֪¶һڿԼôǲ׷¶˼ 
¶˯ǰȥװɵҲûİ취Щ̯˵ˡ 
Է¶˵Լڵ¶ᣬҸ˹ӡ 
ǻ࣬ҲģƻǱʾеĻЩǮ¶ 
¶ɰͰ͵ĳ׷Ҳ˵ž 
ƿȥˣԼңڷȥ˯ŵʱ˶ƹȥȥȥ 
òţͿ˳ȥ 
¶Ҳû˵ʲôһ·ϹŸղŵĻˣҲûע⵽߸ŵĳôһ·ǡ 
ϴڵˡ 
¶¥ʱ򣬾ͿһѰ˽ȥ͸Ӱһġ 
ʲôˣΪʲôƶԼʼնǲ䲻ȵġ 
ھеȴţ֪Ҫʲôȷ´ 
Ȼ粽ȥôţһһµģŶÿˣõȴʼնûп 
ѾյŰˣž￴˷¶š 
֪ʲôǶ㲻ġ 
¶һûɵ˼ûУտʼأŶˣŻµ֪棬 
޿̵Ĵţһ֪Լˡ 
¶һٶ⣬ﻹţҪĵߡ꾫 
һϣûӦ¶Ϳʼ˵ڶҧץģ˶ˣܵĵǰ 
˶ܸŮ˶֣ͱĳŷ¶ȭߡ 
¶߿ޱ֣ޱѿ 
һʱ¥¥̽ͷ׷ͶĿ⡣ 
˿ˣֹţŮҲ̫˰ɣץ黹һְ 
ʲôץеġ 
ҿ 
¶ڴˣקŪߣƫƫ¶ĸһû˰취һۡ 
֪ʲô˼˺һŴһ㡣 
ѷ¶˽ȥ 
¶˶ɳϣ۾ֱ㶵ġ 
ٷСĵĿ 
Լ͵ٿͲζ̲סȢʲôϱһø 
ƻͷһۣʲô˵ˡ 
˵   45  


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ɩӺȻصĶ˵˲ˣǰʱҵǸ٣ǸͬһǸСģ˵ԷŶˣ˸Ǹù˵ôҲϰأ׼ǲ¶ˣǲ֪˭ôù̯ 
ɩӸ˵꣬Ϳ̾һʱûӦ 
ȳŵʱ򣬾¶Ǹ绰һƺõǸ̶ȣɩӾ¡ 
Ȼû;ϰʱڱ˵ʲôʳƷŮЬۺ죬¿Żˡ 
ɩû⣬֪ԼȫЦѻȴҲûа취 
ɩǴء 
ͷҲûõȥ 
ν²ţ´ǧ 
˸˵£Ǳץסģڵըˡ 
ѷ¶ͻȥˣɩַ֣ĭӹӣȻǷ¶¶ͻǿ˵ˣҵļңҲ飬Ҳ飡 
Ƴ׿ˣʬһĻš 
ƫƫΧھӣʶ˻ָָġ 
Ҳ֪˭ȥҥԣ˵Ƶ˰̲ⲻǻϽһҶɹˣֱ˵ĶԸǼҵǮ 
ģҪ顣 
һҶԣδˣôȰûá 
˵ĺãٵ¶ˡ 
¶ʼ飬ɵ˺ݲסָָģĵطѾ¿ˣЩǶȰ뿪㣬ɵĸػˡ 
¶Ҳ뿪ˣĨ˵ʵڲоɡ 
費ɣԼӶʲôģˣֵǷģ¶ôһߣӻûҪˣ 
Ƶԡ 
Ƶʹ죬ĶǮһûҪ˷¶ż͸¶֤ 
֪ƻ˶ˣֱ¶ǰǣһ˶ôã 
ȴһԹ¶˼ûУ±ԣ¶úõһĵ˶飬ô˵Լ 
ɩӳûˣ컹ЦţͳЦˣ˭ҲܲˣǸˣ˵ǿСƨɲŵλãƵҪҪģ˾ָʳƷˡ 
ҶƵΣһվһˣȰ˻ǵȰ 
ư಻ɳӣ˶ˣ˹ֻҪƾʹ 
ƫûûǮֵסˡ 
ôһһСģƻһһ顣 
ֻҲָˣôججĻš 
ŵʱ򣬿ľôһݵĸƵơ 
ȫҿ߽ʱסˣ˵ôôҪأ 
ƫƫҲʲôͰˮϡ 
ưҪǰƢ緢ˣ̫棬ô˹ģƵİⱲûʲô飬Ļܴ㾴⣬ûֱӻӰᣬǴɤŵȥ 
Ҳ۶ڵϵƣһ䣺𣿡 ̧ͷ 
ƵǸ񣬰ݣӦǸèһ񣬿Ͱ͵ġ 
º󲻳ϣ˵ʱֻ𾪣ڣǷˣɶȥ 
ҧ˵ȥ 
Ϊ졣 
ջЭģϾ˵ֻ˵ǣȥˣ㹫ĸĳȵģֻҪѣҾȥ 
⻰˵ͦƵģ̲סķһ˵˰㣬ǸУվʱŶ㻹ȥˣȥʲôˣ 
ʱƸˣںһӱʱҲûͷ 
ȥǲ֪Ҳûõȥ 
֪˭ôģԴ𣬾ſڵ 
׵İ˴μҡ 
ƻصľǸ˵ʰ¼ҡ 
ķӱȽƫǶ¥ͼľǸ 
հưٺãĵ绰ˣ˼Է 
ԷҪûԵġ 
뵱ҽԺʱûչˣȥأҲһֱϵš 
ȻڣҲƴǣ͸˵ȥˡ 
͵ˣʼնĲԴɱ;Ÿô̫ˣҪֿԵģͿ˲٣⵱̸Ҳ 
ڳԷʱ򣬾̲סˣǲǻûأ 
ֱӴװɣҸھͲͷˣȻҴ绰 
εЦЦôĿ׳˽е㲻ص̫ˣ̲סʵڴץģ 
ʵֱˡ 
Һܿûæת˻⣬ô 
˵Ѿסһˡ 
һ㡣 
ѹ˵ͦƽġ 
ȴľģ˵ģҲûôֵĻûҪôȥҲ±˳ 
ûϲҲûеǣƽĶе֣ٻȥʱѾѼʰĲˣҲڵġ 
ͰѴķ˷ڲϣƹȥԡ  46  


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ƹȥԵʱҲûʲôرıʾ 
ƺþûԶٱˣԵ̻ʵģûҭš 
ˮŷˮûˮͶ˵ˣҲ֪պˮ 
ûǵͷԡ 
еȥˮ 
ƳԺúҪƸɵ¡ 
ƳԵĶ̫ô 
ʱƱϵˣʹġ 
ע⵽һ⣬ϲ˵ӣһǹӴġ 
ĺֱð˶е㷢 
Ƶһ㶼ں˵ⶼƤˡ 
ﶫ࣬ǰʱҲ˴˸ףǡϰҩʲôģ͸Ͻϡ 
ķ˫˴ 
˯ͦģʲôû 
ûô˵Ĭȴһ㲻Ρ 
͸ģƽһŴϣĵȴ 
ΨһķľƳڼҲȥ 
ȥϰ൹ûʲôѾסˣȻٻܹ˾ȥִ˷ݴְţͽȥ 
ЩʱҲûԼõ⡣ 
Һɳһְֱڼרְɡ 
ƳҲϴҲˢǺš 
˼ô˵ 
ƣΪԼġ 
ƾߣΪûڶ·ߡ 
ڷôȵǸˣҲûжҸ 
ȴڲ֪ˣԲ˶ҲŹоǱḻ˺ܶ࣬˵ŭŭ˵ЦЦ 
ϵ˺õĲˣչǸТ˳ӣһֱǣ˼ͲסˣֱֲӸ绰͸ȴ˸ 
֪Ƶĸ綼ҪˣԴߺư־һڸҽԺ 
ư౾Ͳ̫ãŵģҽԺϣ˵Ҫ֧ܡ 
Ƹڵ绰˵ˣҽ˵ˣٵڵҪ򣬹ôҲҪһ࣬ɩƽʱ飬Ҳû˵βɼʵòôǮ 
ƸҲû취˲Ÿ˵ģѵ֪Դǹ˾ 
ɲ˵ܸ˭˵ȥ 
Ʒµ绰ʱ˶ˡ 
ƴ绰ʱõֻһֱԱء 
ֻͦģʲôˡ 
Ҳ˵ʲô 
Ϊڳסģôٿ죿 
û뵽ͰǮˣֱӴȡֽ𣬺һӶơ 
˵赭дģĶõģ᲻ûǮ 
Ʊ˵ʲôһתֽӲȥˣŪʲôҲ˵ڡ 
ûֱӼ裬Ǯת硣 
Ǯġ 
Ҳû͸ֱ˵ˡ 
û˵ʲôֻǿϧ˵ҪǸŮĶãҪŮҲɰ 
˼ͷҲ˵ʲô 
ɩӵ˵Ҳ۰˵㣬ҲΪã˭ŮеϢڼȻˣ͵öۣΪԼԺ㡭 
ƵͷӦš 
ûȥ˵绰 
ʱѾֻҲ°ġ 
ڵ绰˵ͦɹģ绹˵ˣɩ˻Ǯ¸ˣû˵ʲôɩĹء 
ĻҲЩౣ֮ˡ 
һķᡣ 
Ҳǽͼ˵Ĺϵ֪ûŻؼңЩǮģʲôû˵ 
ʱҲͦδȥҲ֪Ժô졣 
ܿĿԴǴιаҹк˾飬ǮһͶЩ 
Щû˵ 
ƶ¶ʹģٴ˷˽ģԼ˰Ѻ֣Ժʲô仯Ҫŵ׵ġ 
ķϣҲûƵ֡  47  


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ͬʱҲǲΪƴ㡣 
ôŲǸ£ʱƳȥʲôġ 
Ƶ·󲿷ǼģݷҲࡣ 
ȫͬƴԼ·űŤ˵˵ƴ̵һЩ 
еͬͬû˲Ŀ 
ϰߵҲûʲôˡ 
˳˸Ӳ෹̸⣬Ҳͽ˶ѡ 
һĳԺһĳܡ 
ʼƾԼģͣɵͲˡ 
˳̧ͷͷģûìܲŹء 
ǰͣڶôˣô黳޷ϲôţ˵ô˹أЩСȥ 
ϲǮһƽʱҪȥá 
ǸʡĲʡûĲˡ 
Դ򳵣ƫƫҪܻܲ˵Լʡ˶ٶ٣֪˵ʲôá 
ܽ£Ǿеġ 
ôҲǸ£취Ǯ˸̲ݾӪ֤ȥС 
ʼŵ㣬ɵֲˣ󲿷һ˸ɣϳԷʱŹȥƳԷ 
ư¸ˡ 
ĸҲû취һֻ۱һֻۣպϹֻҪǰ¾С 
Ҳ֪˼ǰҲ 
ԴǴκһζûȥǼҡ 
ƵɩתĴ˷¶Ϣ¶һŮ˼ҹҲף˵ȥס 
ÿ˵ʱƻûӦأƵŭˣǴ¶ǵģ뵱һ˶ãƸѣͲҪˣ 
Ʊ¶⼸䣬ѵøﻺ˹ϵҲ֮֮ 
ȥʱƾ͸һ䡣 
Ӧ軹ֱü۵ǲǻǰޡ 
ʵƶ֪ô˵ˡ 
ŷ֣ȥô죬Էɴ׵ľʼնĲˡ 
ӹĵƽھûɩǸԿģôģдθ˳죬ǸھҲģǼſǼҳ˸˸ƨɵġ 
¿ɺãɩӳ׳ĸҹˣŸ첲ͳȥ˶˶ٺݵġ 
ͷûԿչǱ˲ġ 
ƵĨᣬº֪ʱҲǰ̾ġ 
ʲô취 
ķˣߵסլ 
ưѵַɩ˵ˣɩֱէ࣬˵û뵽ôǮ 
˵˵ɩȴûῴӵ¡ 
֪ɩӻǱܻһ㣬ؼҵʱҲӲ˵ 
ʱܻı䡣 
һ㣬ǿڶѡ 
ô󲿷ֶģƿʼõͦǿģϰˣ͸ԼǮһȻ 
ܾԴףʵҲûõȥ 
Ҳżһ绰ϵܶ°죬Դ׵ķʽһһ㶼ʣǷƢ 
ǲԷƷ 
һʼ;ǳԴˣ⵱֪Ʋ˵ͼϵ뿴ô졣 
һεĲԷʰ·硣 
ԼϱǷƵģΪô࣬񻹲Ƶġ 
ֻڲôɵˣ˵ʲôϲġ 
Ƹ˵ 
εķӶǰԼ˼װģһεķΪչƵ뷨ŪвģȫƵ򴲵ʱƸȥ˿ 
Ҳ֪ԼֵۣУװҲûôֱװ޹˾ǩĺͬʱոǮͳɡ 
ͳһģõҲƯǲ̫סĵط 
˵һۡ 
ŪĻ˵ˣǾűŤ԰ɫΪɫķӣǺÿࡣ 
ͦģϲװ޷񣬰ͬ涨ĸ˸˿ 
ûŰסЩ̿ڷռȩ 
һ²ŰᣬʱѾˡ 
̯׼ؼҵʱ򣬿ˣ˰һ 
ȥʱҲû͸ſˣڴм˸֡ 
˲Žз 
ʱæŰĵأƽвųȥ 
һȥͿſڵǸ׾װɣˣһǸڴı飬ֻһЦ˵ҹСգش죬Ļͦͦá 
˸ˣվſڣԺӻԽԽõġ 48  


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ţװ޵ĶôؾҲ䵽ϵļҳ̡ 
Һʱʱиã˻ҪˣС˰˵ĻݱĿչ 
ʲôŤ̫̫׶԰СҲڳҼҴų򿪡 
Щ˿Ȥ˷飬ĸ⡣ 
̵ģ￪չȻٲ˳ǹܵĹЩؽ̷ֵ 
һʱ伦ɹ˸ҡ 
˵Ҫˣ˵ҪԷλս 
Ȼ̳ԷվǱ˸Ƶĸˡ 
صҾͲôģˣûڼҶϢ죬иֻǰʱһֱţҪҪǸøãô紵ɹģҲƣվڶת˼תû˵ڡ 
Ǹû־ģûˣͳڵǰӣҲôȥ 
ޣͷ컹ãƣʱһˣеԲ 
˻ǰĹзƱãÿ춢Ŵ̻ҪϢ 
˵ڰֲҲԼİҵá 
ٲҪ˵Ƽ䡣 
Ҳ˵ʲôأ 
͹ⲻˣƵãзͳԣûͶš 
ֻôƳȥԡ 
ҲƽϳԵĺòá 
ûˣ͸˵Ƶ⡣ 
˵ʱƵļҵףƵĲ˼죬ƾ͵Ҫ 
Ļ˵ڣƾˣһ㲻˵㻨һҵ𣿳ɣȻֵʣʲôˡ 
ƻʵƵ͵ͷװźͿð 
ôãϾƵģøû˵ˮѵӣЦǺǵøƿ 
һ㲻¾ƽ̯һ롣 
֮ʲôҵѰ߷ѰܵûûˣƲûңʱϣҲûЩ߰շѡ 
һһƲŷƽʱûٸҴǮ 
ҲԤƵǮܿҪˣƫƫƲˣͰ̯͵͵֧ 
̰ڵæǹ׽ԲƵĶȥٻЩëƱݸԼ 
˯ʱˣ˵ǱвУ 
ҡͷ˵Ҳҵһݣ˵ֵʣӦõġ 
֪ƻڶأͷŵ̬ʲôֵܣֵ˯һŴ𣿡˵껹ƵǸط 
ƸϽܿɴ۾Ҫ 
˵ˣˣɣˡ 
Ҳ˵ʲô 
ڶɳȥ̯ 
ڼôƱôִˡ 
ʱ;ͷ£ʱҲû⣬ΪеѪǣվһˮˮŲơ 
һǱܾͲƵĵ绰Ƶˣҿտĵط㡣 
ڵ绰ﲻͷ˵ʲô˯Ժ˰ɣ 
򿪴⿴˿治ӣ˵Ҳע㡣 
ܹǾŲԣ£һҲ˵оˣǸططͦԶģҲͷˣӦûʲô£طǰûйСһ㶼Ǹĵطôһ£൹Σ 
˲֪ĴˣĳԤϡ 
ԺļӿʼַصģиƵ˵ѪѾظ漱Ѫȱ 
ƵڶˣҪȥѪ 
ǶˣȰ˵ѪĴôԶܲ˹ȥǸ⡣ 
˷ҪȥֻţƳҲԣ˵˾ͲѪˡ 
ֱ˵ǼʱóԷӦöԵ㣬˵˵ƳЩ㡣 
˵طˣϸͬ˲һĶ࣬ѪǶŶӡ 
͵ơ 
òװѪƸоô 
ʼƻǿ˵һ׸Ѫ㲻ʲôɵ;ˡ 
æ˸ط˶ûɵģҪҪԵ㶫 
ҡͷ˵û¡ 
۵ĿţȴҲٿʲô򳵻ȥרܳȥ˰ǣ˵Ѫ˺ȵã͸Ƴһ 
ƾͦģôˣһѪȥͳģˣе㶪ݣɿǰܺģ־ͦõģõ˶ů͵ġ  49  


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æУô¶ԹƱӰ첻Сʱ̶Ŵ̵ 
ƻָĲѪڶûʲôˣ˿Ӿڼ 
ɩϵͦȺģżƹȥԸ 
ɩӴӸϾûӡܾǻǸûġ 
Ʋô룬ܸĹϵȫɩޣǹʱҪɩز˼ңɩӺ˵˵µƿę́ 
ƻؼҳԷʱ򣬻˵ɩ² 
ɩӳųԷˣ˵Ƹһף˶еĽϵ˶ûС 
ûۣƽʱֹˣҲӲϸЩôһô¡ 
ɩӳȴأҲǽûյģҸţҪôţҰǼС̸ǣ̥㿴òã 
еɩӵ˼ 
ɩΪһŮһֱСӣһǷҲˣһֱš 
ɩȻܰװѺӹ̸ǣ˵ô˵ɩᶼûúӰס£˵˺ӵѧӷʲôģǰŸ㡣 
ɵҲˣɩǰأû˵ʲôҴҳ˷ͻȥˡ 
Ƶزס£һ۾Ϳˣôˡ 
һһʮ˵ˡ 
ȴ£ο˵⺢ôҲֶŮǮ⵹ 
ͦƵġ 
֪ƵģӲСˣɩǰʱôƣ;ˣƾܾ飬ŪɩӲˣƸĸǰ˵ϼ䣬͹ܵˣ绨Ǯ 
⻰ܸ˵ֱ̫̫塣 
ȻˣԳûɩӰԼܻܲͻƼҵĹϵƸĸҲʲôˣıģ˱˵ĸĸû׼ûǺء 
Ըɩ˵ˣƴһһ˶ٷ 
ɩӻҲ죬˵ṇ̀ñ˵Ͼе˵ȥСҲá 
СŸ׶԰СƻƵϲ 
СʱҲ죬ɴ󲿷ʱɩϲѺӷԼңƸ⺢ӲǶôס 
ͦᶺӵģûһ͸С 
ƿɩôҲͦõġ 
ȥʱû򳵣һһ졣 
˵Ҳ޷Ǿʲôĸ˺ãȻ˵˺ӣ˵ͦٵģɩӸһ㣬СʱҲ͸˼Сӵ· 
ƿóͦϲӵġ 
ƾ˵ҪϲСʱȥ 
ûÿɷ񣬹ò˵ǺͦģرЦʱ򡣡 
е㷢ҡͷɡ 
˵⻹⡭ 
֪ݼ䳤һ㶼󣬲С۷۵ôܸϴүһ 
˵ЩطϸһĥͦģɵЦЦ 
ĬУղŵССʱơ 
УʱҲ̲ס룬Լĺӻʲô뷨ܲġ 
Ҳ˵湻˾ͻؼȢӡ 
žźңԶ󲻳Ǹʲôӣˣܲķ˵ 
ȴ׵ӣȻԼţƻǸøףҲǸɷ 
ҲǳһĲԼҪĺõеģͻ̲ס࿴ۣƾͲ 
·ϵʱصġ 
˼ңûüأƾڲﳶɤ¿ˡ 
æӹ﷭ֽùȥֹţͲܿûֽѿӣ 
Ϊĳ˶ͨ죬ǳɤӺĹ˵ϰٵȰҾˣ 
üͷ˵ҺԼҪҪǻˣ˭ܵ 
뵽ҲȻĿġ 
һȹһ죬װ޵ʱֻͼÿˣҵĿյֱŴڷŵģôǶȶܴ˯Ǳߣʱһ˹ͷۡ 
ͲôԸ⿪ҵĿյһ㶼ģӿȲֱţҲ̫䡣 
ǸϺȻɴˣ˵̫˷ѣ˯ʱտĿյܳȥˣ¿ҵġ 
ûûģ˵յǮģôòƵ¡ 
һתȥ˯ˡ 
ҲԼˣû˵ɻǹԹԵĿҵĿյ 
˻ûСʱأ˵ǹ˰ɣ㿴㴵Ķˡ 
û˵Ϊ㡣 
Ҳ˵ʲôתһ£ʲôûˡ  50  


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һһĻͦģܿ˾Ҫˡ 
ǵĵӣʹƵȥ˿תˣǴģЧ໹ˣƫƫյˣ˭ͷ˭ġ 
ȥ治ǰˣ죬Ч𺳡 
˻Ὺʼ죬˶ͦεģһǸ򿪵Ļᣬ˾Ͷˣ̲̾ס˵ӻֵɣ 
æ֣죬۶ˡ 
ʱ򣬾;ǰһڣûӰˡ 
ưһһĴȣĴУӵӣصӸ쿪 
ʹ˰ңҲûһߵıڵƣҲô֪ͣˣæ˵ͣˡ 
ƼǾͲˣǿ԰԰ 
ЦõĿƣͼοĶ·ˣһ¾ͺá 
ĵȵȥҪҵġ 
ȻǲˣҺסҲߣž¥ѣǾɡ 
Ƹҵĳܣæֵȥˡ 
¥ʱŷ֣¥Ǻڵġ 
û뵽ǵǵʱҵſѾΧ˲ˣͦġ 
ҵǿͣأҷġ 
ʵҲûһˣһˣæܻȥӡ 
ƸҲȺ¥˲٣˳Ƶǰ棬ûӦͱ˵ݣͷŷûɵѾˣһžߡ 
յ¥ͣˡ 
˲һƬεֱۣ˵ҿûߣȻѪɡ 
ҲкӣʼǻֻͲСӵĿ˵Ŀԡ 
ͦ򾲵ģֵ 
ɺܿڵ󺰴У˼µš 
æݿǣŶ溰ˣû£ 
ƾ͸סһˣţȥ 
ʵòңҵѾܹˣֻǸ¥ﶼôһҪĿʱ˵㡣 
ܿű򿪣һģʱһѱס 
ƷӦ̫ʶĿ˿ܣҪע⵽Ժſֵ˵һһ ҺôҶæŻؼء 
ʵˣڼҵ磬һֱһСʱ 
ƶ˵ҵשͷȥ˵ô˵ʵҲǹ񫡣 
󣬵ûزĻʽģҲû󿴡 
º󣬿ҵĲ˸ˣŵ˻治١ 
˻ʱ򣬺ܶطż٣ɩҵģƽʱæ׶԰ҲżˣСӹ棬СһذĸޣСϲĲˡ 
ƿôã굽 
ɲôæСϲʵˮե֭Сȣ裬С˵Ĳˡ 
ƿﶼе㼵ʣ˵ôԼ֭ 
ƵЦе˵ˣûٸ 
˵һ¾͸ˡ 
ƷԽԽˣǸɩӵĹϵֱͻͽ׵ĶҪá 
ɩҲȷͦæģĸǰ˵˲ٺû˵Ѿˣƶ˳ȥСһˣָŪ̯ҲֻˣֻƸĸʼնû졣 
ִ󷽣ûµľȥ 
ʲô˿ҩƵ¹˲εġ 
ǿųģǺӺòûǻ 
Ҳǰ¸ͷ˵ˣͷӣʵƸùһΣǴҪҪŸġ 
ͷһžֲôǺƾ͸һ 
˰̾Ҳûİ취Եְ˵úõŮ˲ϲƫƫϲеġ 
ǴСôá 
˸˸ŰݷãûûˣǷ¶ߡ 
֪󶼾ˣû뵽쵽ˡ 
˵ʱء 
ȴƱ˵̫磬Ҳˡ 
Ҳ֪ƢԸܷСزѾܲףȻҲΪ 
ƾԼڵ㡣 
ֻǸʲôʮģƾͷѣ֪ôߡ 
ܴⷽ󷽣ÿζԸĸΪȡ 
еۣŪĸ̬ھΣʵأ˭ԸҼԲʱԼڼҳٶˮȰ 
ҺɩӰ˸æ绰ȥ 
绰ɩԼҪģƸĸҲ˼ʰ׵ȥˡ 
ȥǰڸ̵˺þƺ̡ 
֪ɩӴ˵绰ȻĻϲŶֵ춼ˡ 
ę́Ϊ˵ϲƣ᲻ 
ưû˵ʲôưę́򿪣ưϲڹʱ߳ԽӱߺȿСơ 
Сܺϵһͽ壬ǸСˣ͵ѹǮ 
̵ɩӸ£һô£Ǯģ˵ܶ˭Ը⣬ʲôû˵ 
Թ˽ӣȥűڵʱվƺߣǶСġ 
֪ԺôӹȥֻҪͺˡ  51  


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ֻû 
ɩӵûʲôС޵֣ϰĵطҲǸƵĸĸһӶҪˣȥʱ򣬼˶޲ߡ 
ЩѣԴº¸ϵմȾʲôܶ㶼ˡ 
ҪûʲôҲ࣬ƲУʱ䳤˾;ű͸ǰЩ˴绰ǲӾǽ˺װææġ 
ȰƣҲ֪û취¡ 
ûþ˽ˡ 
СĽգϰûɶϵƫƫǵСά޵· 
˲֪˽ڣ˵ڸҸطԷһ߳ȥŷֽϵõ廨ģƽʱٵķ궼Ա 
Ūϰ˼ҳˢĵꡣ 
ȥһŷҲǳ˫ɶԵŮԱæĶҲűˣŹдǡ 
ǸϽ˶˶ٷȲ˾͵˰СʱǳԱˡ 
ڽʵʱ򣬱Ͳ˵֣˽ʶõ廨Ψᶼûᡣ 
ʷԱС㣬ôûǵõ壿 
Աʵһ㶣æ˵˽ƳĻֻµġ 
һ˵Ҳǡ 
Աһ²ŷӦæСŸһһ͵ʻòȥ 
Ҳûޡ 
ƱǾҲǸסˣæһۣ˶£ѧȻûֳֻǺĴ˴ǣӶ쵽ӡ 
ҿǺܿ߳ȥˡ 
õһεӶûУõݸơ 
һæ˵ҲôĵĶ 
üʲôĵģ 
ҡͷ˹Ƶģеõ𣿿˰ɡ 
õġν˵Ҿͦõİþðס 
û취ֻøȥһ 
Ҳ֪СĵûУŻȥҲǴţʲô˵ҪȥӰ 
Сʱ򵹿Σɴ˺ûȥ 
ԥ˵ôˣƱ𣿡 
ν˵ûƱͻȥס 
ƾ͸ȥ˸ĵӰԺȻƱɾλò̫ãֻʣǰŵˡ 
ƻ뿴ʲôӰſ۽ܣдϷ 
һ־ͲǺ뿴ɼȻˣôҲÿ 
Ʊۻˣʮһˡ 
Ʊͱ׻ 
챬׻ĵطǸԱһе˵ʲô˵Ӱ˽ڵĻֻһһŮġ 
Ҳһ˵ͨץһ׵ðǡ 
Χ׷ͶɫĿ⡣ 
ƾ϶ǳԱˣΪ׻ܻȥ 
ӳʱܾڿǡ 
Ƴˣͱ߳Ա׻˵ǵ 
ŷſЩץ˰ѱ׻ĳ 
İǻȥʱ򣬻Ҫ˶ɶģɿ˵ӰѾʮһˣСȻ˵磬ϴһɣ˶붯 
ֻܱǸıơ 
Ʋ֪Щӣ˯ĸƵġ 
зƱ仯˵Сӹͦƽġ 
Ҳ֪ǲ̫ĵĹûƴ˵绰 
ɩӸġ 
֮ǰƵɩӾ͸˵˵¶ţ¶ҪƵĵ绰 
Ҳûô⣬û뵽ûþͽӵ˷¶ĵ绰 
¶˵Ҫٻˡ 
Ǽҹļͦõģзӡ 
ͦΪ¶˵ġ 
¶ûμӻ 
ƾֵͦģһǰôȥǸ֣ 
ּܲס¶룬ǸӦˡ 
˻ʱһˣһϲ¶ࡣ 
˵¶ȥ϶ɷ£ɷΪʲô𣿡 
⻰ʵƾһ㡣 
ûӵĻƵ˵϶Ƿ¶¸ɷˣ㿴ɣʱÿġ 
ƳĬɻǶѹȥˣ¶˵ģûˣϣܹȥ 
ƣҲȥˣͷǮʱֳǿĲΪ֪ⱲӱָЩǮֹ˵иʲô£Ͳ롣 
һֺõĿҲ 
һ㣬¶ٻȥͦʵģƵʱҲû˵ʲôǷ¶ܵƵǰ 
һֱѷ¶ÿͦ˵ģ˵ЩףĻ 
ĵЦݣ˵㡣 
ȥʱƸЦƵ˵ҪҲڸΧѡ 
˶е㶯ģϸһĥǴ⣬һ²һ£ֻҪ˹ӹĺãЩͷԵĶŪŪν  52 £ᣩ 


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¶󣬸ƴ绰 
ÿνӵʱ򶼵棬ûʾѾϴ󲻸ˡ 
ʵͦ¶ģɩ˵ģڷ¶Ǽˣɼ޵Ҳһ˳ġ 
ǸеĶǺãٺõ˹ҲìܣٲǣҲû۸¶ڷ¶޵ˣѱзҲ۸ 
Է¶ŸԼҸҡ 
ͬͬ飬ʲôæҲﲻϣ˵ϲԣºֲɵӣоˣ͸¶˾롣 
ϣıƸɴ࣬׶ǰȦӵϵʲô֮붼ɾ˸ɾͬ־վҲ¸ëƬʱϣƽʱȥȥ 
ЩеС˴ӲΪܡ 
ΨһϻľǣôƣЩضŵĵطƶˡ 
ʼʱûƹܲƵģƱǸҲء 
ɺӣǡÿһӣһһŮͬ˺óʱ䣬ǸеĳˣŮĸеĸĸ˾⳥ʦ˵ǲǺϷεġ 
̲סģһһûӵܲΪ㡣 
ͰѼĴ۱չʲôһһƣúüǵãÿοչʱȥ 
ľͷģÿζǲסͻˣʲôӡ 
ν˵ǡ 
Ͳˡ 
䱿ٶۣ֪ΪԼãƾôɵ 
˵Ҳ룬ҪˣһҪЩиʲô 
Ʋ˵ʲô˵Ķﻰ 
ĿƣıģҪиʲôҲһ 
Ǻ󵹲ƼˣֻƵּڷ֤ϣн֤ķޣǾܰ죬ƫƫɶϵûеģһĸӡ 
鷳һ˵ʹùġ 
Űʼ򷿵ʱ򣬾Ͳ̫࣬Ūô鷳 
¹ô˵Ǹ 
귿ӵ£ְѼǮƵִһ֡ 
ںǲںһ㶼û٣ʱ˸ۣƱʲô˵ 
ƿʼʲô˼ȵɩһδε죬Ʋ׹ 
ɩǵʹˣʲôСӵ·ѧСǿھҪ 
ʼɣеᷳҺǸˣһ㻹ʱƾͻɩ˵һֱǺ˶ˡ 
ɩһ㶼̥гǮˣץֻһϾָǸǮأ˵⺢֡ 
ûʲô˵ģȴһֵҵʵڣͦô¡ 
ƺٶ˵鰡ģⱲӱĺˣƫƫǸΪһΣȻӲ˵£֪ⱲӶǷġ 
ˣܽôһҪúõĶ 
ɹӹľǿĿİ裬뷨Ǻõģܲ 
ޣֱֽߵ棬ҪԾͳߦ档 
ĲУŰߦĻ治ѳԡ 
ֻҪˣǰƣ׼ߦá 
ǰ˵ˣƫƳȥ̯µٻȥŪʱˣƿ·ģʹϸֲһðߦ档 
ʲô찡һζԣ¾ӡ 
ֻ̹׽Լµˡ 
ôġ 
Ʊ˵һ׷£Ʋ˵忴ԡ 
Ͳһֹ˵ƺö䣬ƶ䶼ĥˡ 
СһֱģҲ˵˭ϲ˭˭ô˭ӻһֱȥ 
ӶģʱҲȵʱ 
ķҲôģͬеģ˺ܶ಻㣬ǲڽ§ߣֵܱ̫ܣȻͻᱻ˵￴ 
յʱȥҺֻ֣ͱ˰졣 
ҺҲֳ嶯͡ 
ƿеٸԡ 

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