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1 
ϲļܶ飬ͨҲǷա 
ҿ԰µϣһܿĻ䣬գĵҹ˲һֻ˯ȥ 
ڰ֮䣬ȴȻ䱻ˣһžϣֱۣתתͷסǾһֻŮ˵廨Ьŵغǰĵ£ǳӵЬͷһֻཱུ 
ȫˣŮǵ廨ЬҼöˣĵģεģɵģǸµŮˣЬ׺ŴССԪûΪôΩΩФģֻС۾ǻЦֱɵ 
һŮӵͷܲܰҼЬ 
Ѱ̧ͷȻһɴȹŮڼϣĻҶҿģֻ׽סֵܵǽӦóò 
˭֣㲻֪˽լ԰ôǱҶҪȥġ 
ƨƢ治Сͼ˻Ůأôʲô 
ֻÿЦشӵϼֻرЬӣ̲סʣҶȥԼ 
г񣺡ҽӵס 
ΣԼ˵ģֲñˣˣ˵󰵰ʹֻЬӾ糤˳˻ 
ֻҲӦʱ˻ܣæҼ䵹һѽסˣȴû֧ţֻӴһһ˻ۼǣŴĻ֦Ҷˤ 
Ŵ죬վһţҡͷ̾Ůѽͦɾµģϧѽϧˤôѿֻ󡡣 
Ǵĵģ˹ֵңⶪôԶǲǣСң 
㣿ģ´ۣŮӻ˵˻ϧûȤ 
һŲˡ 
үţǲС͵ 
Ҳ˵ֻЦŮɫˣҸļҶɶǰԲĴֺ㹦Ҳռ˲ʲôˣ˵ãӻȸղˤӻҪѿ 
˵Ҹô죿ҶЦŮӼҵģôͺ˵ЩװͰ͵Ŀɲѽ 
Ҳ˴е£ֲ㡱ﵽ̲סֲһ䡰˭˭ 
ЦˣѾǲˣԸŮҪЩأһŪûѴұƵ·ȥ 
ȥɣͬ˻ӻ֣ҵѡ 
£ȴ˹ʰɢһصĲ֦ʹֱü 
Ҫˣ˵޼ɡ 
һҶˡ 
ûˣԹԴӵϼЬĻңϡ 
̲סϸ˫ЬӶۣÿ治ģҹܲסģﲻʲôҲȽЩ 
ʲô£ң㶮ʲô 
ãҲЦ˵ˣӦ˵⻨㣬ֱҲûˡ 
÷ףһҪܵģȴص£һָ󣺡ŴȥͲͣߺߺá 
һӻ𷢲ס 
΢΢ЦţֱۣŮӲҵθڣܻǹңմΪ· 
죬ڻˣСӣҼס˵Ļ 
̾˿Ҫ˯׻ûԸһſִһŲ 
λ˭Ҳͷۣȴӻֻһǳ˿ɴӭ΢籡ϣɫ˿мǳ񻷣ĵôݰף 
Ҳһһò࣬Ȼһ˲ġ 
ɫܺãϸЦţ˯ˣԪϻؾˣ㻹ûȥɣһͬȥȾƵġ 
棬Ҿһֲûû˵ǿˣûϳ 
ȥˣЦңˣһ߰գԼҸҲˣǶûллҡ 
ҺǺЦˣȻǸˣ½ľѷɫٵġ 
ฮм羰԰ӣӻǸ֮ˣÿλ֣ϯ趼µĻ 
һΣͤ 
ͤһȻϪƣϪͤԾ滨ݣ˰ɫĻҶƮ䵽΢ˮſҲǳǳ㡣 
ǽ԰ʱԪѾˣͤģոϴѻս۹ٷֻһ°׵ĳۣںڵĳʪģɢڼϣۻԪԲǿΣȥɳĽ·Ǹѧӡ 
ǣǷ̴Ц⣬ձؾҲʹƣǱһ 
СӣﻶϲҪ̱ҲŴһӺôѽǲǳҲҪͬ׽ 
Цбңһѽ˹ȥ˵СҪˣһظɡ 
ⱻŪΣҧȥתͷȡЦң²ӰΪء 
Ц£ⱾǾз¥¥Ǽ˰ȴرĴʣļһȴҵ⡣ 
һϾԪָǶˮƿزѾƣר裬˱רƿңר̴ǳ 
˵䣬˽ϣʺľɫžµ񱭣ǰһ 
ȴȡӣֻԪ˵ǰ˸檣ˡ 
üһʲô 
̾شֻǽӵŮǲ֪ˮسϵŮǰȢǸ 
棬ҲɫʵұŮӣˮسϰ²ܱϰչţŮԭҸ׵ĹʽҪ£Ϊ˸ŮѰˣҲǿϽڸﲢûм档 
㵹御ЦôλС㳤ǳǶҲ֪ޣ 
ǡ֣˸ûм棬ѵּ 
ҡͷλСȻûѾˡҪ˵ȥһߵӻȴ˵ǸǰЩӴɱ˼֪ƽˮȻ 
ʲôԪֲø˵һǰʧˣûϾɱˣ 
̾˵ˮسϵĹ˾ǳƽһִٳɣƽԭ֪Ļţȴ鵯ܣճִ֮ʥֵϽ鲻ѣ°ˣϻ֮أݵĻţˮسҲǵùġ 
ʵٳµȻҪۣڶЦؼ˼䣺˽ҲҪעоֹˮسȻԩԭһԼʧ˼㣬Ż˰ѱҲ۹ⲻãСˡ 
ͷⱾǹٳе£βͬλ֪˸ϰݵŮ 
ʮǰ֪ƽڸﵱڱһŮһأڷȻŮºӳ˸ȥɻмūϳǾԭ֪ŮޱؿԪɫѾˣ˵»᲻ǣ㣿 
ԪŮӱ޹ϸ˾Ϊܵκ𷣣ǲĵġ 
Իʥ˵£죬ֲ̾ģŮˣˣ 
ֻЦûмˣȻźϷ˹أ㸮Ҳ˰ɣû棿 
Ǽ棬ɣԼԼıӰС˿ڡ 
ʲô档 
ûʲô飺û 
һɵؿһӺȴζŮģѵ 
ûʲôҵմҸǻ˵͢£»ǣԪҲŮûʲôϸ𣬿ǰⰸӵĹٴŲôգԪҪСˡ 
⻰˵ÿ棬е˶ҶǵһˣٳĪ⣬һС¶﷭˴ˮسϲǸֳɵӡ 
˺ˡ˾æԲ¹ͻͲأһﳼ֮Ůǣôˣҽȥ˰࣬ŮʮǰŷİȻ뽫޹صģǸаĹٻͨġȡ˱ңȫ˾֣ѵþһۣҲ˵Щĵ£Է 
һҲ޵㻺Ұѻ˵ˣҲֽ̨ӹƱҲֵģСΪϰˡ龴ˣˡ 
˵ףپϯǱζһʱ˱ȤղɢˣӺ԰ͻ˷¥㲻£ſڣЦȻͷ»ˣ 
»Ц⼸ոױҵƵýµûţĸֲ˵չȴҿʵˣһҹҪǳ¶ˣһǹɡ 
ߡһ˦ȥˣȴֻһЦعʲô˼һ᲻֪㸸ĸҪ㶨װɣ˼ҾЩֲʲôף 
ǸĸεˣЦϲʵŮˡ 
Լĸֱۡ鷿е˶ɢ˿ȥһҹţְһܺĻأǽܡ˿¶صİţŻ˽ȥ 
źһװң䷿Ŵͨ࣬Ĵʵǻ԰ĿڿݾۺʱǽϽҵҹ鼰̨ѷյ磬ҡ鷿Ͳ˼仨װƽʱΪ˶㿪ĸĹĶƽģ鲻õʱҲԼ棬ɽ죬ȴסűˡ 
Ҿֱ˽ȥһ·䣬͸ŴɴʣԿһŮѰѻعһƣ˫Ŀˡ 
ˮҿ΢Ц ⼸컹סùô 
2 
ŮȻɱ˵ˮȻǰڳзʱǷУϻˣȴԾǿԽŭĿӣ֪ôģЭģǺҵۣľһŬԸ˻ 
ӡһӭ˳ģҺܺá 
ȻЩҲǿϣﲻҪ⣬ķȥˣٰѹȥ 
ȭʳӣǸº͵ŮӣıյҲûʲôԹԡ 
С÷ôרŮǸʵˣδʧ֮ɻ磬ǲ˵㣬ɶһƬģڷֽͽʹɡ 
˼ԴȻ֮ùӳ⼸סڸдţлôˣ̫ˡ 
Цˣ˵ʲôж౨ĻǹŮӣмҲֻԴðյذ 
⣬ҲͷֻϮǳɴʽ򵥣ɴϵģƮƮɣòȻǼõģѩŨһƣҸжϸ½¾ǿӣĸĹ٣ûʲôҴĹ򣬵ôŮӾӲƾŰѽһȺд˳ֻһ뵽ռʱϰ߰ߵѪҸǾҪæ 
ӡҿ죬ỽһ 
æʰЦԭǴģ֪ǲǵ¹ȥأ 
ԵͷɫǼᶨģҲȥģҵļҡ 
ֵ˵Ԫӽϻظˣô˵Ҳķҵˣֻһ仰ҿתӣԱհӭȥ 
̧ͷҲȥҡҲҲҪҵġָֻץסڣٵ˵ӣǧҪҵٸѽ 
ȻȻ⻹һοأֻһˬһ⣬ЩϢɡҹŮһǲģǿˣ˼ǲˣִ֮Լա 
ֱ͵űߣ˿ͰỬĳϣһֻڷ΢΢ﵱֱ˵ϲֵ˵ЩοĻСسˡ 
鷿һǹ⣬ҹɫµĻ԰ɷĸˣڻֻ̳Ҫ΢Цȴ˵ԼЦʲôչ֫⻷ˣֻҲ壬ҹҲģǳˣһʱֲںδϦǺϦˡ 

ڶ죬Ի˹ 
ϣģ׾ȻڸһУҽűۣ㻹֪Ҫ 
ЩʲôȣֺУ䶥ŸԺĿûʲô׼ʲôʱȥ˵ǺվһҲѧǵʲô 
ҿЦҺüǰŻ˳ȥҪһ׻׻̻ˣ˵Ҳ֣ױֳһĹٳ 
һŮȥ֪ͨĸףһĸױ˹ 
عһؽңôһ²Ż֪ˣͲͬ游԰ӵסһûü˵һס֣ˣβڸס죿ݵӣǲǳղã̫ˣټҵģԼҪ 
⻰ҲûôȴҪգе¡ŭֲϺúѧң绨ѩµģһӵܵӹµģ 
ĸ᲻ãֲҲĻֻһ۵ظңһҺøҲȥˣôʲôֲǸСˣȥлҪͬ˵ 
ȻҷĸΣֻö˾ŷſ֣һͷˡ 
ųţױתңϴ˵㿼ǹôǼںԺͱջȥģҪ͸ɴҹֵ£ϼȻƫ㣬Щ̫ʧ 
ҵͷԺֶҵı⣬ٳ˻ˮȴǲֻɵعӡ 
˵ѽѲ׼һӻȥһ޳һˡ 
ô˵ҺЦˣ̧ͷŹ⣺ֵжܰ㻹ѧţֶóȣѾѡô˵ԺֻĿ¼׫ܲٳȥʿ٣־ڴˣֺαǿ󣿡 
ӹţӹš׶ţŭ治֪ôⲻФƫǳӣԲɣ鹲˵˿ǿɺֿЦ 
ֻ̾ùҲΪˣϮȴȢ˵Ϊޣڱ˿ǳֶ͢ƿأݣҷԴȴ֪վǿĻ㲻öһʧ÷ǣƫĸҲ˲ſܣֲôūŵģһ˭ 
һգҵͷڷﱻѵһٷʱ䣬ҲÿһεļҳˣѼ죬ֻȵ۵ʱұ̧ˡ 
ڣһٰϻȡ˲յҲʶȤæԱŮнӹڱֽݵǰǳϿҵģȣá 
ߡֽˣЩʱҵĻýһ컯ˣҲգ㻹ȥĸףʡֵġ 
⻰ͬʥֳּţĸ׷С 
ȫͬһ龰δСŮЦӭҽȥһĸ׵Ůɺǿҳģһϲòѷĸףֲš 
ˣˡЦֲǰĺˣһ»ǼһεģôвС 
ǣǡֱЦүҲжʮˣûɼҵӲ˵ǴˣҪү˴ˣ̹ܣǲǲòء 
ǵģÿ˵ʲôа취תô仰ȥֻÿЦ㻹ǲİɡ 

عѽĸҲ㸸ûΪաһĽֻ࣬ҪˣæôûӰ 
ĸ̾ʱң㸸װýѽҲ⺢߯ĸߣûûҹģһҲݵúء 
ҲͬЦֵģǲͣĸ׻ǸಹӰɡ 
ҲҪҵõ˲Уĸ̾㿴ÿ˯ҲҲһֲˡ 
СĸʱǸСˣֻ¿ǰغƫҲҵĻһְ˵˸߲ 
عԡֱЦ֪ĸס 
ԣʵδأ˵Ļ棬Ҳʱ


һֱ˵Ƶʱ֣ĸˣȥԷҷԸ˳ԵϺƤһҪԵ㡣 
ҷȺŮһ·Բϰ˲ȣŵķﾹûˣڶû 
ô£ĸײãѵعһ˻һ𡣡ɺ죺үأǽ첻ȥ𣿻вǽȥڶôôҲû 
һػү鷿ˣү£ܻԷ 
žĸ΢ŭ֣ʲô˵£ƫƫųԷĵųǴء 
ЦǰȰȻʵҲ֪ǳ˻ЩСƢƽ˶æҽĸǺܼįġ 
һֱһĹ򣬲żø˳˽ϾȻЦݡ 
ĸͬʱסС󣬸׽ļҽԭ򣬴СҾûмЦҵӡ︸ǲЦģǽ죬ȴЦݿ䡣 
һתĿ󻹸һˣ޵ȹ绨һŮӣҿʱҲת˹ֻǰһ㽿޵ס 
׵ĿҲһ̬ȣֱŮλӣſĸף磬ǵõסǸϦôŮ 
ϦѽĸҲŮӣĸôգֻһ棬ҲǶʮǰˡλȥ֣ƯĹĸһǸء 
׿ĵֱ֣ѽǺþûˣ벻ܼŮôأ 
֣ӵĸǼ󵽵ģˡ 
ǽŮ˫ԲĹĵ۾תˮͷЦ費֪أԭǽͷģҰҩˣ͵ųġ 
ۿɰǶЦҸ϶Ϸ 
ĲˡûŮӣ˿ɰСĸǻϲˣһļв˸ģŮӲ̫ݵģԵ㡣 
һֻǵͷЦĸ״ԼϲԲ͵ģŮһݡ 
عֺңûûصģôк 
ֻ̧ͷŮӣλǴģһ·˶ãǷɳģɳ˲ٿɣ 
ЦãˣǸһһģǶҺܺõġ 
ԵáЦôƯСﵽﶼչ˵ġ 
⹧άߣ󷽵ЦգգۣȻǵޡ 
ҷˣ˴ԼģƢˬֱʵҲҲϲ̫Ť̬Ůӡûһְգ 
ѽЦģ˵뵽ǰܶء 
ִԼǰõģҲЦǸɵˡ 
Զٷôôࡱ֪ôģͻȻŭϾƽôصô 
ûͷƢǲڴ󲹣ҩԵûҲˡ 
˶ͷ 
극˶ΪɰƷȥˣûעˣҲѵңҵ˸գ˻ȥҪȥˮȻ 
3 
ţұ㻽С÷е⼸ˮɺãҪʲôô 
ܺáأҲûҪʲôǴģ¡ 
ƵġЦȥɣһҪú÷̣ʲô¾ҡ 
С÷ˣҵ£ˮȻڰڵȷ׵ʱһûҪòҵͷ߳˷䣬֪԰̧ͷȴǼܱٵ٣Ȼˣͺһ飬ĺòѿҲü 
԰УŸǽԺ䣬ǽڳԼԼƮ˾ϡǣΪȥʱһת绨ˮꡭŮԼˮĬĬˣȻͷǣһʱ侹ˡ 
ĳ䣬ǽǡһ죬ҲĿǽǴŴԵǾޱѵҹɫŨһƬӰˡ 
ɣʲôҺȣ鷳ٽ 
һڣﾲһڣ֦ҡҶһ˱ֱŵ˳ۣһϮɫɴ£ȥ̬ȵľࡣ 
ôժ԰ǾޱôЦôϲҵ԰ӣҪһʲôֱ˵ɣȥĿɲô 
ɻӲô 
üֻ㣬㵽ʲôˣΪĴε͵Ҹ 
شңȴˣСƢƫ˵Ҳˣܰôġ 
ҳףϴˣˡ 
̱мҶ 
ٶᡱҵҵĻǰټ´һ٣ҵҪȥŻῪڡ 
ɻǾǿҧŴ˵ 
ǲҲ˵һ֣ǼƻΧȥлֵأ㱻׽ס˫ָڻ¡ 
ѱմˮ򻬣־һȥ׼ǴƤһģһοһǰ̲طʱǲŽѪأһ¡ 
ǡӦţͰˮڽ£ѱӽȥ 
ٻعͷǸŮǺˣɫ׵ֽҲʪ˵ֽˡ 
ôǾʵʵһһ䣬һҾòԵĵطӿɾкϸˡ 
ᣬ˵ͷ 
Ǻãʲô֣ 
顱 
ճµģͻȻ룬е˺ȥȡӺһߡ 
Ǹ֪ƽŮ 
ǡͻȻòġ 
㵽Ҹʲôʡ 
ɱҸ׵ļˡ֪ˣҪɱ 
˵˵ЩʲôҺȣȴһˮȻô֪ 
֪ģķǿ϶ƴƵĵҪɱ 
ס족Һҵһܱŭŵôסˡ 
Ǵ֪µģ 
⻰ͻȻҧסٿڡ 
俴һ֣ӡৡشϣһƬ̴һѪӡһʹг 
˵Һϧֽϣ 
ǣ㸮˸ҵġޣС÷ҵġ 
һЩֶ˱ӣ˵ 
ڼ°ؿһٿӲŮӲкܴļƣҵЩĻ 
Ĭһö⣬߹ȥߣܺ£ʱȫǿ־壬̾˿⿪ӣ߰ɣٿ㡣 
סߣ㡭㲻ɱң 
벻ʱִˣߡö˵ԻͷȥҲԸһۡ 
˷䣬ֱ鷿򿪰ңãˮȻ棬ۼôشȥһӣô 
˫۾ѹʹоؿڣճյ˵ 
˹ʣǲǱ˷ˣҪģɣԼ߳ȥô࣬㡣˵ţ㾶ֱҪȥ 
һҧס֣ġڣû˶㡣 
Ծжֵͷлл㣬뻹ԼȥȽϺãﱻץҶˣβ˹ٸٰҴ£ʱ򷴶иӦ 
֪ǸʵŮӣȴˣֻѪӿס£а취ģ뿪⡣ 
˵ÿУȴǿŅ̀ͷҡ 
ɵӡЦڴ߳ȥҷ˵ˣѵû뵽 
죬Գ飺Ȼ޴Щ˹ӡ 
գִŻ֬ļֻĴҲˣæɿ֣΢΢ȣȵһ£ЩҪ죬Ȼ㡱 
ͷḧ޽ǣۺ͸ָӳںڵķ͸ǳεĹ⣬Ҳٿȥæ˳ 
˰Ҳ߿鷿ˣС÷Ҵ 
ȥˣһңףʧ˽үˣС÷ԼԾˡ 
ҵ̫ԾΣֻñԤϵĿ죬úðˣµӦ֪ô졣 
ǣСȥ졣 
ְ˻׼Ҫع 
ǡ֣ɻȥˡ 
ûˣֻ󷢺ҵĸﻹǵһأԾģֻⶰۡһ±İﻹԭůĵģ 
룬ֻŮСܰҷѾͷɰƽġ 
ǵϴҽǰô¹ǰЦȥù 
ȥˣһͰѶ 
򿪡˵ 
һ׵糺ɫ˿ʹװǹ彳Ƴɵģµֹƽʱܼõ 
ϲôߵߣָĳ 
˷ܵҲˣĸŮϲҵ־ڷϣ۵һֻҡ 
үɵûоܾ 
Ǹġҵʵ͸ˣ⸮㻹˭䴩 
⣬ϲ̧ͷңһ軨ҿҲǺЦģ׹ 
ϣȥﻻ 
ߣôԣүЦա 
ôԡЦȻɣȻ㡣 
ҧŴŤţҡ 
ѽЦҪ㻻 
ȥ£Сµ΢΢⣬㡣 
ۿ澶ˣƯĿҲж٣һرء 
үѻѣӯ˼չֱ۸ҿͷһЦô 
üˡҹƣְ˹ӵڻ㵽Ҹˣ 
үüԣ֣¸һ깤ҾˣʱүʮѽҲʮ꣬Ѿˡ 
ˣ̾ʶֻ꣬ļѻհ㷢̣ͷȴҪˮҲ΢ЦʻĴѾͷ̫ίˣŮӡһߺ˵ţһߵͷȥ 
̱һ㣬ȴһְŴһָҲѵѨ 
ȫ¡ 
̾ϣ򿪰ңˮȻ˳ 
֣ԥ߳ʣĿ𣿲Ҫ 
ҵͷִСܰµ·ݸȰ·ϡ 
һۿСܰ־ôˣ 
ֻ˯ˣЦģҲɱ˵ģȰѻˣҺôȥ 
ȡ·ң֪롣 
æСܰ㻻·Ұصȥ 
Ѩо飬׼Щ˯ϸ죬һ·Ĵϣ¡ 
ſڣȴͣƿ˶ȻźУЩϺá΢ЦźҲӦͬСܰһļֻ̬󳱺졣 
һϣҳȥϸϸ̬ȷСܰƣǰɢסգէһǵڶСܰ 
áϲϳȥϸǿģȻңһ·Ҫ뿪һ 
ͷɲ⣺ǵȥ 
̾¶ҪصҸĸĸȥҲ㲻ôڰҪίһˣЩҰȥŮ 
̫ˣ΢Цˮлл㣬ܵ 
һæתͷȥ߰ɡ 

ҹɫȥŵļҶЩ֡ 
øסĸ׺ͬڴ𻰣ҽһعôֻˣּ֣Ȼλ˭ 
λСҹøһˣҪ뷨ݣԭҸõŮרŴġ 
׻ɣҿһϸȻЦĸĴŮͲֶ࣬ЩسʵģϲСŮܱܲСġ 
׻δ˵ĸѻϲЦǸúӣô۰ãѵȫﳤö࿡ѽ˴ޣҲֻĬˡ 
˹ЦסȻ֣λѽ 
ӽʮꡱȻ˵µĿҲ 
ʲôӲӵģǲأǱСһ꣬ҽðɡ 
֣ô޿ɰģȻʮˣ̲ס˼ 
ǽСѽʸͣ 
Ҹ֣æӹʵҸղӦײͻȻģֻײͣʵǴͻ˼ˣ˿ϲȡ֣ȡȽε֣֡æһ䣺ãԲԡ 
ѽüֻء룬ֿգֵǵøԭʱһҿջҼǵúأǸòá 
ջ֣Բۣ˼˵ɻѳڣֻðҿջи֡ 
ãȵؽֺòã 
Ȼ΢ЦͷǸ֪ŮӣһҲ⣬ȴҪȥֻ确С࡯أԹţ־ˣͨҿĿջǡʤǡԴӭֺôŮӡ 
ĸ׵Ǻϲõѽ͵͸һϲһǴӴŻĹ 
ΣлҾͰȻŪȥеóõġȻҲϵ֣Ѿһһ߿ţﵹҲϲ 
׺ع浽鷿ȥлͬ˵ˡ 
ҿЦĹλδȫ꣬ҪҲлҪͬ˵ء 
ʵʵ鷿 
4 
ǵʱ˵ɫθûѵңֻͷŲ 
ΣʣŮӲ㸮Ůɣ˭ 
Ҳش𣬷ײûеҸôܿ϶Ҹˣ 
Ȼͷ˫Ŀңܾãʣ⻰ʲô˼ 
ҲǸˣ̾벻˵仰ʲôǲ˵أҲкܶ⣬ΪʲôС游ر۰ңΪʲôĸҵ¸̽Ҹ˶Ǵģѹؿɫܲףлֱ˵ɣαÿòָ׸ӣʲôǲ˵ģ 
ֱӣסˣұؿҹȻˡ 
ף˵Ȼ˵ô˵вԵĵطֺô 
ͷ 
ǰԳһ񣬶ŻΧ󣬽Ϊ͢жһʱڳ͢׼оٱŹ鰸ɵô̯ӣҪ͢Ҳռ˶ٱ˵ģοվ͢Ҫ򣬲ϰװԼıԣͣɸȢĸΪճΪ˱ʾòƣΪ˻ìܡ 
Ҳ棬ĸ׵ĽϱһֶΣҲ׶ķģĽҪܴû뵽оҲзݵġ 
ܹ͢ѸңҲе㶫ڳ͢Ϊ֤аɡҿףҾǸ͢Ҫȥʣô 
̾ߵǰְҼϣعһֱϣԼĴϣ׹游ȷ۰㣬ҪǣΣٴĳ谮Ҳ΢ġ 
û˷ӦС游ұرչˣͷٽӼʮ껹صָһۡҵסһֱΪΪ࿴Եʣȴ֪ǴȰ˾Ǵȵ˼һʱʪ 
ʵ֪Щ㲢Ǻ¡̾עˡڷ΢΢˼ǽڣңع㻹֪ɣΪʱƢԭһģɢСڣֻƾԼЩ㿴ʲôģĹĶʹĿȫǣҲûϵẦ㣬Щһһ˭

ҲҲֲ¼ȷٺôֻκλǻһĴۣҪó͢͢γ֣ʽ˫ǻߣҲʧңֻǵʡ 
ֻǿɬ̲סҪȷϣôҸе˶ǳ͢ޣܼţеŮūС÷ǣ 
׻ͷعС㱻ˣŮͨѾͷɹָģʮ¸ȫǸ 
⻰ưͻ˲Ϣҽپԭҹþôһһһȫ͸ģ˵Ŀ¡ҿ޲ֻЦˡ 
ô˭ƿҵľٶأʣҪôһռƹҵϵģ˭ô˽ܵԲ̲ܽ죬ǻϵˣ˭ʸ񣿡 
˵ء׻عԼѵûѡ 
ۣһһֵӻʵԼԤϣôǿɣרˣĻӵܽһ 
׵ͷȻշ绨ѩ£Ҳס 
ҿЦʵһʱѡ 
һŮ˽ұ֪㸮ˣֵ㸮ȻһҲûȴеģûһСŮӡȻһס֣عʹˣڵĲܽһ㣬סǧ򲻿¶һǻ˹ȥģʱһҲ˼棬ĸҪġ 
ҸжûԼϾǹҵġ 
عḧҵķͬʱһŮ˵˭ľͰͻȥȳ¾ˡ 
ס˵ӻ֪ȻҸˣǸʲôҲ˽ֵģ˼ǵĹϵǰһ㱡ֽͱưˣѵҪȻͻشΣ 
ôס׽Ҳûֱҵļ磬ŶȻѹ 
ôºѰô̾⺢ӣʱһԵƢҲǿˣȨ׶ԼɡˣԾͷҲͷһ׮飬ֻҪԼĴͺãˣҲ°ɣǸӸġ 
æͷӦˣ߳鷿 
ãȻ߳Ժ䣬ͷǧ˿ҳһţǲ˵ģ԰еʯúһ˼ 
ҹˮ徻ɫ壬ҲݣҲ̾䣬һֻбб˹ϣôҹֽһͷ 
ڸʲôѽҲ֪˳Цеعңһ޶Ŀ 
ûʲôûǿֻ̧ͣͷǿЦôˣ԰ʲô 
ûѽҲ̾ұˣô 
ҲǲųԵˣʹǰ㵹ûзգûоòʣ 
ûСҧӣҪŬýʣһֻȥʵǲ㣬ֻðӹӣһֻҲų 
̾ʲôأ߳ԱЦģҲΪǸʲôһúðÿġ 
Ȼãһ˵Ҿͷʹ˯ô 
˯ˣЦؿң˵˶˯ˣҸղһȦһҲûп̽ͷʣû˵ʵʲôˣҪӲѾͷǲã 
飬ҿЦǴʲô֡áҲ˵ôԭ˵ôã˽̵İɣû̹ŮҪ;ĵ 
ûѽԲۣԭˣ˵ԭģûʲôʲôģһʲôѽ 
ˣûʲô֪Ҫ̻ҵͷ׼ʹֻò˻Ҳ˯ɣҵȻҲҪظˡ 
ΪʲôסѽĵСķôܲûһİɣ𲮲ϲôɲĸǺأ 
ұһʵʹҭؿ˵죬̾һˡ 
ʲôأͣ˰ӣȰңһֱ˵ûʲô˵ģ뿪Щʲô¶С¡ 
ŶҶǰµש 
ģ˵еһɽһӣɽ߿ӶҪ߹ȥģܻа취߹ȥеⲻ·ߺ߰ˣֻҪˣɽϻƽص·ǲеġ 
ôתͷ˵ĻҲеġ 
˵ɽȻˣߵÿЩ裬пվЦЦɫٻ㣬·ҪߵģԼŪǸӡæ³һӡ 
̲סЦȤôͨƢһܺðɣ 
ʲôѽƲ죺ƢŹأһһִӵ۵ģܻ˵ġ 
Ŷô 
Ҳǣ̾ңʱ˵Ļ治԰˻֣ˣҲǱô󳳴ֵġ 
ǳܿɲѽԵģҵĸĸʹܣǿɶˡ 
ɣֵңôҵĵÿγˣҪȳǰҪüٱ޵ȻԽԽõޡ𲮲ͲĸĴôôѽ 
˵˵ҺЦ㶮Сྴ֮ԭ͸˵ġ 
벻ͨǱ˻ôУӦǻȵĲźѽ 
ˣˣҪͷʹˣæӻվϵĻңҪˣҲطɣϢҴȥ档һңҵôˡ 
ģѽģңҾͰѱҲϣ棬ҺʶȤġ 
һЦҪڣһȥˣŮӿá 
Ҳ˵ĶԣȻѾ·ˣܵ߹ȥԹ԰ûõģӦûȥˡ 
ټ˻֣ллĻ 

صҹҲƣںڰ͵͵鷿Сܰ˳ǻԲѣҽԼķ䣬ڴϡ 
ŰúãŮۼڽСܰ£һŲҽ 
ʲôûЩ˶ӻİɣ춨ԴԴ±ȥ¡ 
ҲƵر˳ȥǰǵҹšٵͷСܰǽۣһСźΣȥȵֿɰϧȴǸļϸʵֺֹһȫฮĶĿôֻΪһǵҲţ 
һˣҲɡߡһֽѳ˸ɾֶס壬˭װǻƵϷǲҪôǾԳǵɡ 
Ҵ˵ƣȥҲ˱С 
5 
ҽѨֻߡ̡һ˹ͻȻԣỽүô 
ɵѾͷҵЦǽӵסңѵбˣ 
ѽֻ̣ᡣ 
ϸۣȻֻ޵ˮңҲ¸ţﵹָô⸱龰ϱ 
ҡʲôʱѽֻ벻ͨᴭŵҡ 
˵أҲñƭֻܵıȥ벻ףӻҲҪЩӲŻףҲһʱˣϸĻͲôġ 
һҹ࣬ʱų˯ȥͣСܰˣһﲻһֻè 
ɣҴϸӤļȻЩϧ˭ֲǸĸģӤʱǺǻıƫƫ˶Ūѵк 
Ǻߣһͷһү 
عҺЦͲͨŮˣſڱտүģ֪ô 
ϲæķϴָ࣬Һ⣬һϣסˣҾС 
ǡЦӯӯأүҪʲôأ 
ȥ߰ɣЦѣҴȥ 
ڳﶵ˸ȦӣϵκζֻҪ࿴ҾǮظʱŵĶֻ־ģ˷ܵƸӵģ룬һо͵ǱɣеฮľǸ˵С 
˰£Ҳȥֻڸ˴粽СܰǸɺĵŮӣһУȫ½еλȻͬһùļϸฮҲиԲͬ𱰵λɵµݣԽѭ׵ϰߣʹ棬ʼ𾴵سСܰΪܰ 
һհӵںͻŮڳзۣŽźĺɾγϻʢŴʺɣȡһУͤͤ񻣬Сܰʤ 
ߺ죬Сܰãֻ¾ɻһķ⡱ 
΢΢ЦˣҪݰɡ 
Сܰҡͷ 
ʲôЦҲӦõģµûףܰ졣 
ͷϲԽת²ģСܰүˣʲôʱŶҪ 
ôУ΢Цţ̧ףĵĵȻ˵ˣ죬Ҿͻع˵ҪȢΪޡ 
ʲôȻһס 
ΪԼֻ檵ôСܰҲҪأ檵ʵ̫֣ҪŮˣǣαڼһһ֣Ҳ֪·һˣô 
ǾûҲ˵ˣ죬ųԳԵǡүǾӦġ 
ӦЦ㿴СĹңôҪÿһȥһΣҳʲôǵġŬָգҪƽϵĽţסڽ𸮣ֻһλүңǸФ˵ӣͱˡ 
գۣȫ˵Ӧ׵ģԻϿҪһ𣬲ǲĸԸҶѾĶӣ˵Сôһ޳ɵģ˵һʵעҲʲôˡ 
ڶ죬ҹȻ˹ 
һţϣһڻ԰һұЦű˹⼸ȥˣ˵Ҫҳȥ𣿡 
ЦŴɫѽ̡ûô 
ŶЦԭΪѽģҷأҲɻġ 
ѵҵģڷʲô 
廨дѽ죺ԭŮ˲ǾͰЩµҲˡ 
ҵȥȻ㡣˵ˡ 
ôˣںУ˵Ļѽ 
ֱܵķ䣬һȻߣִؾ,Ȼһ˼֪ƮںδҲ΢Ц浾ɣԼڷҲԸȥ鷳ʱϧ߹ȥͻˮ 
һͷȻһЦӣôпˣ 
һЦȻǰǧʱĵ׻ϲһɨգɰ˵ʲô˼ֵõġ 
ﻹôҴ֣˷˰죬˾ɵ 
ЦվҺܺõģġЩԼǹòڷ޹ΣȻüĿЩĳ⣬ɱϾȰʱݹࡣ 
ұһᣬͻȻЩжԼҲǺЦæְɳ嶯ѹȥģ˵һᾡͳȥġ 
ǡһɵûǳЦԻؿңҲʡ 
˳ҵû⣬ԭ仰ģҧȻ˵ˡ 
ôˣϸģʲôҪ˵𣿡 
㡭ˡ˿û뵽Ů˵ôأȰ°˵ҵȻ㡣ֵ۹⣬תˡ 
ֱ׵鷿ȴ˻үү̸Ҫ£κ˲÷Žȥţֻ˳ڻײ 
Ҫ˵ˣЦңôǴӽ𲮲ģ 
֪ôģÿοģƱ̿յĸоҲ泩ֹסҲҪЦ 
˵㿴 
һֱ쵽԰ӵһǣһӣ˴׳ͤͤҶܲ͸磬ָһ̣Ц֪ʲô 
ǼƤİô⣺ʲôֵģֲģȥϸ쿴涼ǿյѽ湻ϵء 
벻ϷҺٺЦѾûˣЩ 
ġϾٱ˫۵ɵùԲô棬ģʲô¶ɵġ 
ȥҵҪɵģҷԸǧСģ˿ˡ 
Ӧţ˳Ťͷܣһ̣˫ˣЦƶ仨Ҵӳ͵ģ϶û˿ 
ԡ˵ 
⵱׼ϣĴϸСʯ飬ְĸɲݾʯϣȡĻʯǣ˲ϢȼϿݲݣĸпգ̶ֻ߰ߣһֻ¸ðɹֱ̣ԶԶȥһ㣬ִЦƯѽ̴ء 
ʲô̴ѣҵϵңңУߡˮߡˮ 
ԥŴߡˮߡˮཿۣ 
ˮˮԺ˴ӦòʤǧýŲ̤ģһʱ䣬˴˷ˮӿ˹ 
ʲôˣ׺ڶôæǴȺˮͰưļū۵۵ˮɢأܻضԺУȴֻǶð̵ִЦʱŴ죬ȫɵ 
ʲô?ǸȻعŭң϶ҡ 
ҺǺǵЦͣ籾Ƕûˣ˭֪ôȤ 
üҪЦЦͬؿңͷЦòãںЦЦ 
ײȻŭָ˰׵ĻˣͷңʲôˣôûϢҿԽԽȥˡ 
ҵͷţܻȥˣ֪ôһ뱻ء 
ùˣҵ˵ףҪ 
Ŷ֣ʲôҪ£ҵ鷿ȥ˵ 
ˣ˵ɣҲʲôµġҶ 
ףҪȢޣһһֶסӣ˵ϸЩҪȢŮСܰΪޡ 
һͬСɣֹһߵôס 
ֻǿȴһʹ죬Щûкúùܽңôϣڰ˳ء 
㡭֪Լ˵ʲôѵϴͬ˵Ļ׽ˣŭҲˣ˵棬˵Ļ 
ȻأȻǸɢõˣȴҲˣҪȢ޵ģֻȢԼϲˡ 
˵ȣôȢŮΪޣ檻࣬˵ĻҪϱϵģѡ 
ôЦʲôѡļҵĹٸС㣿ǳǶ̶֪һҲûҪӭңôУֻҪСܰ 
㡭һ˵ָұӡ 
˵ҸһȥסЦò⣬ָɵĻʲô˼Щǰѵûй 
⻰˵ÿ治޲ף޿ִ̣ӼūжֻˮͰ˹У 
һأۼˮͰӭæһͰûˮϣһ֫չ쵹ȥȱͰҸţֻһһʹԱߵۼãңһȹǣҵĺ˳ 
ŮƲȥĸףʱֻڵϣڱҵȣȴڷ 
ҵ족ĸ׽ʲôѽعô 
ˡ˵ȹˡ 
찡ĸ׿ˣѵ¶һΣôִȸŪˡ߿ޱʹңعôˣ 
ʲôӣҲǻõģ˷ȥֻͷˣʲôȥȥѴ

6 
Уְ˽ŵذ̧䣬ҲˣѰĵ˹ۣЩҩ࣬˼а壬ֱֵƵʱ֣һаﴫҽҲˣǼζҩһҩһ飬ҽҲ˵ǲ̫أ˼ԻȥʱָҵıӺȣҹԹԴ⼸ҲȥԻὫ֮ϱϡȻ˵棬ò᣺ҪȢǸѾͷĻһҲˡ 
һ˽˷䣬Ȱ˵ģ̵ģдСֵģޱУڲò׵е˶ˣˣҲ˿ 
һֱߣȴ֪ȰοźãֻСһ֣꣬ƽʱֲֵסһ￴öҵ˼е׺˵ЩҲ뿪ˡ 
̾ԼļˣͣеŮūֶϤֵҲ˵˼䣬ͣĿܰȴѿļį 
˼ã׼ŮϨƣһƣ˽ΣȴǸס 
Ҳ֣ѵòҪƵҹ 
ۼ˹Ҵߣϲûʲôŭ⣬ֻºͣعҵȣ̾ǹⱻеģͷβϷ 
˵ϵ׻ǿˡ 
׼ʲôңôΪҸסЩӰɣ˺˻Ҫʲô 
̧ͷ⻹ǵһΣ˯ǰңлҳҾڵĻᣬϣ׶עЩѵڰָҶҪʵ۳ʲô£üͷҵӣʵùˣ쵽鷿ѵһ١ 
ǿײɳĬ֮ŷΣһˣڳȥ˶Ը˵Щǻƺ󣬱ֻ¿հףȴ׸еģÿÿ綼ģҪѣǶס 
ʯأȴԭҰڣ׿һվ㻹Ϣɡ 
ҵͷԭкֻܷܶ룬ʵˣ಻ˣΪ˹Ԥеֻ롣 
ˣȴҲ˯ţϻĺۼôӡӣеĵλ˵ȴϮǶ򡪡רΪ˵ǣװЩѡеͬȺֿÿϣȦ׼õߣʳͣȻòžģֻιǺʣµʳ֪ôģͻȻҾ¡ 
ϼŰ壬ʹҲ㣬շתСĿռһ£ġ 

ڶһ磬첻͸ˣذҡѡ 
һͨ۾˵ôģǲ̰˯ 
ʲôѽںЦҪء 
ҿЦۼѩ,,Ц,֮׿ɰ﷢ֻ̾ô˵ҲǸŮӣô͵˵ķ㲻˵л 
ʲôЦԭһҲŲأôѽ 
ҴźǷֻ֧ظĺ⣬˵Ҽɵĵ 
˼ѽδصʲôʱ»أ 
ҪȺ˰ɣҺԭĻ£ܲøװһȴ˲Ÿġ 
˵ڴô޹չң۾ͨͨģǲϽ𲮲˰ɣֲҰְ˵عܿء 
ʲôҳһְô֪ң 
ô֪Ҳǽ𲮲ѽҰְԭʶģ˵𲮲æ 
Ŷ֣︸׺û˵£һΪϵõֻĸף㸸ô˵ҿ⻰ǴӺζأ 
Цţһβ֪ô˵ģҰְ˵ܿ˵Ϊ𲮲ϵĵ̫أӰ쵽㡣 
벻˶ˣиˣڴϣֻ˳ķݶҿ湻ùġ 
ôˣתͷξȻûЦҪ̫أ賣˵һߵĻעģҪ֮ͨ 
ŶҲشȻʮˣɰкܶ׵ġ 
㲻ʱʣˡ 
ʲôһЩϲʲôǲΪң 
֪ҽţЦֻ͵͵ޣɲ֪ڿʲô 
ֻһ뵽ŮӾΪҶֱܳϱϾҵģҿڴϣ΢Ц 
ɵϡһָֻͷõͷϣЦţšҶ䣬ãתס֣Ťһ 
ʵǸɰŮܿɹǣǳĴܿ죬˸ὫȻҵĴߣΪ˷˵źۼؽŮ˳ȥ 
Ȼȵˣһӵ´ߺγһҸϸۿȻЩΣʣǲû˯ãģûµġ 
һ£죬֪λشǺ˹ȥ˳ֶ˹ˮҡ 
ȻڹǸö˵ˣ뿪ǣ֪ԸԸߡ 
죬̧ͷңЩˤĲ豭 
ʵһҶǹģѹΪһ԰ȥеȻʡ˲ٵϸڣҵļƻǷߵģһǿƣȻǰɳ²ֺ͵˶ΪҴСܰ˽ʱʵҺˡ 
ҵĵؿɫ׵ֽҪģһᰲźһеġ⻰˵ڣϣҵĵıת˷ƺݵԭƻңǾġ 
ҵһһȥڣɵأ˵㲻ߣ 
ĬصͷҵĳļžҿԸеҵѴ˳Ʈڰգضŷңޱ飬ƴأ˵Ԫɡ 
ȻҵЩЦˣԭ޵Ĳҵˣԭʵӵġ 
ȻЦ˳ЦΪʲô˵ֹסԼҽ㣬Զϰɣ 
ǰʧ̬ǵһΣ֪ؿңҵ˼ 
ããáҿЦţָ㱻ұƳˣˮ˼صùѽ 
סһһףӣ㵽ʲô˼ 
ЦʹͣȣҲ֪Һ͸ֵý˵ԺҲˣǲɿ̽˼ô㣿 
ŶȻ򣬸ߺȴǼᶨ㲻ðңҾȥġ 
ȥ檵ȻܡҿԪΪأԸԸ⡣ 
סˡ 
ⲻˡ˵ʲô¶˵þԣû̸װˣģΪʲôҪأڹǳô㣬Ҫȥġ 
ұ˵߿ɫرţʵһŮ˶ʱǺ׿ģǰǻͷȻתɬҰҧ̫дˣһõġ 
ˣҲһ鶼ǰ׷Ļ谮Сָܰ׻ȣ˴ǶˣʲôܣԼʧֵܹ˭ 
Ц˽һƼɫ棺ôˣ˵Щʲôôף 
ҿȫֻǰôߣҴ˿̣αװղƴȫڣֻ̾ϢԶҪȥѰԴͷʵ˵ġ 
˹ߣ죬ܾãʣ׼ô죿 
ô죿ҿЦܲҸԼҸղѾιȥˣҲץˣţ˵öԣˣԶҪΪԼΪһУӲ˵ġ 
ңתǣ̲סǡһЦ˳Ǿ͸Щɥѿˡ 
Σ飬ǿǣǣǣȴԷЦѽѿˡһһָ̣һصǸûûεСȥˡ 
ڴϣһֻ˼ޣεĽѵЩջģʱߵ˾ͷЩֹʱҲǱزٵĹ̡ 
ڴϣֻͬ˼ޣѵջģʱߵ˾ͷЩֹʱҲǱزٵĹ̡ 
պŬάԭ״ճĳҩˣĸ죬׽̵żҲȻЦҳϰû˵ʱ׷ңûʲôˣﲻܣ 
ҺôŬѣǻ治ףǸ飬ǶˣȰѹ˸Ȯÿջշ£ĶŸ׵ѵ⡢ĸ׵̻֣磬֪¹ȥˣҵ𽥸ԭͥԺһһյߡ 
ﲻϵָ̽˸ҽס˹ӻҲƵƵʱڣҡѽǳɫ˿廨ɴ£ϵ˿Уǽã࣬ȻǸˡ 
һпɺã΢Ц֧򢣬ָָĵʮָ˳ҲЦ̽ʵģΪͷͷʱԲңӾˣҲ֪᲻ᡣ 
׻ǱضҪ˵ģ⣬жûˣӻ˵ǵĻҪˮˣֿǸء 
ҹЦ̫ϸˣߵļŮҲŹȴǲУҲˡ 
ŮҲ͵ģҰο̫ĵŮʵЩ£ǰʣÿһ˵ԴԴǳҵı 
ԣֿСұ񣿡ŰɣĿζúܿѽ 
Ҳһ̿һ̣ӻôĹֻרעڹ֮ء 
ЦЦʣʲôʱظΰүòɣҲ̫ˣȻҪȢһŮ 
ԣҲۣңҺˮȻľ֪ģҲѾµҵ⣬ȻҪʧˣΪƻѾ䶯 

7 
ع˽⣬ҡͷѾͷһҲͣ 
ӻȴһͻյûۣԽ¶޵ıҵҲˣûϵСѾͷȻҲջˡ 
ӻΣЦλ㲻ϵðɣҵһԶݣ⼸ģλǳֿȵӻ񡣡 
鲻Ըҵ˸˵ҵĴߣȲǿ·ˣʲôʱܴϽȥ 
ҿЦҲ·ѵŸһȳϽǺܹʵô 
ҧŴҵȣãǸѾˣ㲻ô 
ҸҪڣһߵӻͻȻ˵ˣԵҵĸȥ桱ЦŶ᣺ֵҸ͹磬ʱһ̧֣βһͬǰء 
ã̲סȲʣһǵȫѹ򣬺ЦӻȭȻͻԪҲ˶࣬Ȥ 
αطȥѻ㾡ƲԭӦƶģֻһΣһһʤĴĻǡΪӪ 
ҹ̯ͬƣȥฮҪѱҲȥܲܰ£ 
Цض˲ңǵҪʲô飬˵ 
Ǹ飬ҵӹţ죬סӻҪпע⵽Һͱ 
ŶЦ˼ѽ׵ġ 
һڲںУʲ²ͨ죬˳˵ʱס˵ô 
֪ааңǣͱʲôأѵ 
Σȥұȥһס죬һֻ֪˵ʲôаţֻҪ˵İͿˡ 

˵⡮͹硯ֱôֲڣӻʱãδϵģˬˣʵǸ͹ĺӡ 
ฮע㡮԰ 
磬ڴϣ磬ø⽿ޣһɫɴ¾ϸ죬ѩķǵһӣЦЦҴƣЦһλġˡ 
ȻҲصƣһƫǳɫ徫£ü϶ȣ׿Ȼг֮ˡ 
װϣϣЯŶλˣŸ硣 
һ·ϣңΪʲôͬ˵ÿء 
ҰһۣѾͷ˵ҪͿЩͬЦֲΪڸ£浱ʯĳˡ 
ฮӻӭ˳ֱ԰ԪѾˣһ£ɢڹԵߵĴС峪 
էȻɫ䣬Խ˲ҿӻδˣûע⵽ʲôˣ״æȥЦúãһסľ 
ԪЦҵһ仨ƵЦӻԣʱҵֻȻ԰׾µףϸı飬ĸܹӵˣҲԪע⡣ 
λҵԶݣҲʧʱǰ 
ԪæΪûȻȻȴԵϵ׮ҵЩˡ 
˵Ȳ㣬˸ȻԪߣ֣չһҵıˡ 
Цŵͷ˵΢ȻһĨΣཿԹۣԪδ֮ضЩµģ 
ҶƱڸסϵʧ⣬һˣգգգȫȷŮˣȻҲѡԪһ࿡ͦӢ꽫ĸŮ飬˿Լȣֻ̾ңһʣѱĻ˵˱ˡ 
̧ѰѲӻȥ֣벻ƽһŮӣؼʱȻз飬ؿǳЦתˣڷŵӻߣɲһˣͻȻ΢΢˵רΪأµˣΨпЦ 
ֶ˾Ʊ 
پ壬˾˫˫ԶԣʣһֻƣæǳС澣ҥ죡ʹԲտߡ˺ڣӰ濾ꡯ 
֮䣬ӻЦ˹ôƫӦȴǳ飬ܸøȥ 
ЦԹűӽм͹ǻģΪӦҵ볪Щġ 
ֵм飬泩Ļҡ 
⻰Է˾ƱԿյЦģʷ˹߹Žܼƴƣ£Ϊ£йڣУУС 
շЦ˽ԹƣԪʣǺôû 
ԱġһиĿȥϲô 
ÿɷҲ΢Цһƣɾһ֣ҵìܱǹڶ֮䣬εƳҰ֮ס 
һֱƵʱ֣ҺȵԾḡɬæǣſڷʱͬԪҵδãˣЩӻסڹֺβ߶߶ԽС֮ܲࡣ 
סͷЦⰻȻʵ⻰Ǹ̨ףӽԺ󣬲ȥ룬ԻƵƵŵģаգٻعˣһЦݣҿӻûȻǼҾˣЩ֮뵽Ҿѳ͢Ҫȥء 
˸ΪҶѾԭѽЦ׻ǲܰɣȻѱø˱ˡ 
̾ 
ҪҪȾƣȫԭ˲Ǻϲ֮ģٺ߿࣬Ҫҿȥ͵ 
⻰ˣɫʵĵʱǧҪͬ˵ԸԼһ˴ŻǸɴʲô£ΪûܳķգҲУαҪǰװͬһĵأЩǼٵģҪһС˵ʲôڶڵĻԼ 
Բۣ⻰Ƕ˵ôԭǸȰѽô㷴˵˴ 
ʧЦִ㻹ͦмеģ౻Եýء 
ߡһԸôÿŮ˶меġ 
ŶֱۣôĿ 
˵һ飬ԶĶֶ֣ܶβǲʹǲðˡңЦЦиѽôģϲɣĲģҲҪ˴Ը

ЦˣȻǸˣڵ㻯أģʮȻҲҵĶ֣ΪƬģռ·磬Ҳգ͵ǰǷİɣ̾ 

ϣԪ߶ڿ죬ÿ죬Ҫ֮࣬ҲЩЦ֪ϤԭǰʲԸֵǸ檣к뷨ƾҶʶԪǸˬֱӣΣȻҲ̫Ŀ 
ӻҲǰݵԵʣҪʮ죬λʹ壬ƾײ֪Ҳʹңʼ磬˵ֻСذ׵ӻǲܼȻģҪ󣬶Ԫ಻ɳԷڳݼ¶ҷķУΪæµ 
һæͲ̲סҪԳʱѴãϣһȵӱ棬𿩴𡯵νţһ̾벻ҾǷ¥˲š 
Ȼ⻰˵ģֻͬһ˵ 
˭֪ȻǶģ¥Ժѽ˵˵ԼܻᰲŹӿͰա 
һûסҪϵѾͷôʲô֪һʱԭˣ֪ԭʣԲ˵ֻ͵ۿûϱɫ 
ɱϹѽЦǺ˵ģЩôͬͱȣ⻰ɲܴȥġ 
ʲô⣺ҶŮӣʲôһģ˵ԭŮ˼ѣʱڽӿͣǶһ˰ˡ 
⻰ʣ죬˵ʲô˵ĸŮˡ 
ǰôʶҸ׵ģ˰ӣһ̲ס棬һˣôϵŮӣȫ۵Ը 
֪Ҳ֣費𲮲ġ 
㲻ôʣ͵ʲôţôԶ·ǻӦúġ 
ҡͷûţסˣ𲮲˵ܸأҲû˵дʲô 
ҵͷͬĸǾʶʲô㸸أʲôģ 
ҲʲôǫأǱס 
һҪӣ죬ôͷˣµشֻɣ˵嶼ôǣ 
ЦЦͷ̧ͷգգۣһһûסĴϻȥصˤڵϡ 
ִЦַңҲֻۣ龹ɫģϼѤ 
ʲôҾô 
ûʲôѽ޹˵̯ҿжƬƬǸ׸ģܸı۾ɫ 
ɵˣӻСңСŮӣ򵥡 
һ죬վϸȥǶƬˮʵģֻ㻹Ǵϰɣˡ 
ίҪءǴˡֲܾڵرʵضźڱʯԭԭ̾ϵԤѽԭҷ˲ˮľλĹأǷˡ 
8 
˶£׹Ҷ׷ɵ＾ڣҵ˲ȫԭԴˣȫ˵ĿһҾͿȥˡ 
˸ˬӣͬȥһģȻԪˮȻ 
˽³ھеķߣʲôȤرԾһ·ҶʱСģԷһͷײ˵ϻȥòװ磬ھġ໪¥Ъš 
໪¥ĲǸɫµĲȣİ䣬һ¥ϣ֣˿Ըķ羰ҪҲҰõһ䡣 
ųСȣһָҪôܣҾԼȥˡ 
ЦţֺõǰΪҵƲˣѾͷ涮òչɫʵǹһԹţʲôʱˣ˸㻹ֵĹүǲŽлñӦء 
ԪȻӶЦЩѲİȻδȻ˫Ŀ֮ȴģ΢Цţִ磬Ӧòʱˡ 
Գ˼ƣҷ¿ǿżɽֱԪñô 
Ծϵֱӣ˿ߵͨȻܺá 
ܺãЦõ֣Ҳ˵ϻˣֻһ䣺ԸԸȢ 
Ը⣬ԥ⼸սҲѿҶԱĵġ 
ģʯãıԧ죿 
ֲҪȡЦɫ˵ʲôҪֻա 
ǵȲˣǰһ׮ġ 
¡üëں 
Ųбأ俴ǣˮ̡Ȼ 
һڣ˵ɫȫˣȻŵãԪҲòȥվ 
ʲôʾ£û뵽ɣʵˣ˴ǰͽˣϧ㶼ûкúÿûϵϲЩأǲǣԪ׼ô죿 
£ûӰЦţЩ⣬鷳Ҳֵͷϡ 
ۿٿңеˣҷɿذһ顣 
ԭѽֻһ˻ЦˣֲôصģתͷԪʲôԥģϲȢޣеԵء 
㲻ҪΪڹ׽Ū㣬ҼԪҾˮﲻǿӣϾŮˣ䵽Ҳʣȷʵϲ߾òֵãͽ˵ס͵͵ҡҡ׹ȻֻҪһ仰ҾͿԵûȹˣǰ͵̲Ͻ᰸ 
ԪѿڽгĶҲ˺ڶһɣְЩѹȻǸˡ 
׼Ȣޣۣһһʡ 
ǣȻѣ㲻ǿ 
ãһƣֵϾȥǽгΪ£ٷ꣬ˮҲûعˣֱӸȥУʣµ飬ҿҲΪˡ 
ͷתžƱ۹֪ʲôѾᣬҲóˣλܱ 
ԹԵسŲˣЮǵɫСӼȻõ˼ԵҲӦõģҲǸõʥˣҵ· 
¥ͻȻһңж˳¥һ߿ţ˽ִһӡ 
Һȣʲôˣô󵨣֪˭ô 
ޣ˭Ϊ׵һӣͷòᣬ¶һڽЦרշġ 
Ϲ˹ۣĸշЦһָԪ㿴˭ϵôϵҲɣҰ 
һæ˸ףЦ֪ڴˣǶ̲ˣȷǸղǰɱ֪˷ڴˣСǷ˵ģ뽫̧֡ 
˭ģûϴˣҵһû֤û֤͸ˣҲ߯˵㡱 
ұģȻ˽һŮӴ߽ҵҪɱˣɲǸҳһӵĳ飬ָˮȻɱҸףˮȻ 
ҿ˿Ԫɫ࣬ߣɻվ 
ˮȻؿų飺ϴˣб 
ǣȻŵȴƴＷ˾仰ϵõġ 
Ԫֱӳ̲˵Ůҵδޣԭɱ˵ˮȻȴҵ檣ѵΪԼҲϲô 
Ļᶨ۹ȫǰס 
˴˻ᣬ鱧´ӣϴǺ˵һӣҲòĶְɣ̲ˣЦ̫ 
˵鼱ˣСˡ 
СˣЦһӴҲ˵㣬ҿ˴˰ɣһǰ 
ˣץסؿڵѣһǣ⻵ 
ˣӸţæЦЦˣԼҵôֲŮӿˣǧĪСģͻ̲кˡ 
ôˣ֣Ե޹ʴ˽ȾƵˣڿԩδޣ̲˺ѽҵҪȥ̲ܣô˰µġ 
⻰ˣ죬Ժ䤱Цʣ֪λ˭ϵɣ 
˭Ц²ܾôˣ֪ٴһѹˣûϵ̲һСҲӣ⻹ھأӽҲ 
εһڰ˵µҲסˣڷ⶯á 
ԪҲ죬䶢ǡ 
ʲô£һʵʣһ߶˷ֿ·˻˽ 
ﱾˣһ־÷ˣ·еⶼеϣֻһ³ֽҡüԾ㣬ʵʵڵسһ¾Ȼ˿ˡ 
ԪҲ£ӻǳгǰ˵ȴֲһ˿֬һ˫ֻ΢΢һתû˸̧ͷһˣ 
׳ʲô£ýأԭǸڵģʵȥˡԽǽ˵û˸֮˵ˡ 
ϣۼ۹ɨֻһЦЩ̲ϴˣǲ˹ӵˣǵˡ 
ң΢΢һЦֻһĿԹԣһǵأŮ˼Ҫ 
ȷʵᣬ˵ˣҲͰְɣǳЦ˴ˣο󶯸λ𡣡 
æͷ˵ĻʲôԵģҲ̨ˣǾλӵģǲˡ 
˿æˣͷŴˡ 
ǰ¹ӵͷһЦлл໰Ҳˡ 
ˣɷδԪһۣﾹ˶ͷһתۣȴǳǽǷ 
ιûлͬ˵ 
ңȴҲû 
ʱԪҲȥˣҸǣл֣ԺصŰлȻҲҴȥ 
ǣֹţų飺һұ֤㣬Ǻú˵ 
˳Ҳȥˣ߷ߵأСˣ㻤 
Ҫôƫ̾¹ԹԹ౨ʱأЩˣҲ˰ɣ㱨˳ġ 
˵˵ŭҪ㣬籨ˡ 
ҲŮӲ֪ߵغ񣺡Ҫʲôأ㸸ҲˮȻĸأҪ㸸һֽܸ棬ˮҪ˼һûأ㸸ף˵䲻ģǻá 
ŭֲң 
˵öԣֵǱ˳ģҾûңҲ֣ѵΪùô 
סϣ 
֪ͺãͷ˲ģҪӣ֪ԼǼǧʯͷײ㲻ΪһҪɱɱҲأûô 
޳ҵͷйһҲãˡ 
ȥɣﻹ˵ɣŮҪҸ˼ҶģҪΪһԼ·ϴҴǺ˵㣬Ҫ䵽಻һɱ㣿 
ס 
˵һأҺôƯɰŮӣѪܵسʬͷɲѽǿȥɣĘǽˣҪҸطȱܱܷͷ˵ 
ΣίίɻˣҵĻȫԪëˣɱҲǿܵġ 
عֻ泩ֿһʵʵλϣҲûһ䡣 
ôЦûٰɡ 
һۣЩҲİɣǹӱƵزġ 
ҹЦСǴͣȫΪȻã¸Զ˹⣬Ҳһ綼һ죬ǰʡء 
ͷֻɣӲϴô죿ɱأ 
ѽҲмô˵ҾһҧˮȻˣִչȥֺƾСݣֵ̲Ҳ㼸ӵġ 
ףǸ¹˵öԣӲͻˣԲԣСӣǣ뱦صɣ˼ƫƫƺѽû 
ұ˵ƣҧ˵ŮˣȻǲ̫ģҪţҷǻɡ 
ߡˣظ 
ѽЦת˵ûƲ߶ѽҶӮʶҲ࣬ǸʲôɵҲϵá 
̲ɣҺƨʲôֱ˵ǲȥ棿 
ѽЦˣĵز˹סֱۣͷô㣬ǲʲôóѽ 
ֵؿȴκ죬ƺ˾ư㣬糣ȴǡס׹ѾͷĪǶˣղǸȰܵ˰ɣʣǸ·ģ 
ǣҲߣ۲˶رѽô˵ţ˼֮ףҴһ·˶ˣûأ˶䳾ˡ 
ԭЦ񼿪ˣԣСѾͷ⻰ǰҲȥˣô򡣡 
ԳЦȻ۸ո죬ҸˣЩģɰСãȻҲ飬֪㲻һأҪ֪һ󣬷տҲˡ 
9 
Ȼ뿪ĵ죬̸ͬУҪظȥ˵Ѿˣסڹ˲ɡ 
ģȻס㣬ȥҲԼ֪ԼĴ 
ҵͷˣǵһȢСܰɣʵѾܵˣȻߣҲð 
Լĸ棬һţȴӻС 
ˣ΢ЦˣܻҪġ 
Цǳǰˣδ̯Ƶġ 
ǺüƲѽȻû뵽ǸҸıȻˮȻҵ͸ԪعС㡣 
Ȼ˺ҲǣҲѽⶼͨˣһΪڲͬأ˭֪ҲӲġ 
ϵֻҪܻ㣬Ь϶ҪԪĻض̰Ǯġ 
ҹȷ˵㣬֪׼ôԸҵأ 
ǸˣֶҲ磬һ˲űǸΪ͢ЧģϧòˣעҪϾڴˡٴ΢ЦСôȥԸأֱһѽ 
ŭ⻰˵ö񶾣˵֪ˣðѻԲѷôæµҪװģҷ绨ѩ£ÿںȾʱȴգɲҵġ 
ߡ 
ֵǲػǰƵ鷭㲻ôɵɣǴҴ㸮ʱǵſڣʱЩ˵ģ˵Ҳովأ˭֤͢Ҫϵõģ˴ΪûңʱҾͷҧһڣҲѲ˸ϵ 
ȻŭعҪЮҡ 
ҪЮЦЦ㣬ưͿǳԶˡ 
ĿƵضңҲ⣬ͷбӽǱ·Ķˣ뵽賩ӣﲻǲѹģͳôѣҪһ 
̫ˣعأһһֵ㲻һֻޣأ¶̫ҪԿġ 
Ȼȫıӻ˵öԣҲһֻޣԸңа취ġ 
ҵĸһֻӣеֶ˿أ˫۾ֻޣҲţıڷʵķˡ 
Ĺһ£ڣңʱǶ˶ˡ 
عһס֣ô 
ݣͣСܰΪϴ£һķһŸ׹еҲ̲ס

úӣЩӰƻ˰աʪסҵļ磬ŭӻ̫ȻڻϵƤ㣬ҪŶǻҪڹ 
ҡҡͷʵһģǱģεС˵ˡ 
ף̾ϢǱִ󣬻֪ˣ಻Ǳּ䣬ʹģĸס 
סͷģҺ㡣 
ô˵ǿЦοɫҪģҾڣֱ̫ʵˣұȽʺЩ 
Ȼ֣ǰǱңȴڶعӻ׼ϣ빬νԶڹΪΪ˰ġ 
ױ̫ˣһ᣺ʵҲȹⷿǿ 
̾һұøˣ֪ô 
š 
Ļ壬Ҳܳ谮ϴдŰ¸ĸף⣬ͬףĽͣͿͬصԶˡ 
ףҳԾĸ׿ܳ⡣ 
ûпɽӻŻô㣬׵ֵ̾׼ҲԼߺ󣬳͢Ҳǲֹġ 
Ŵ죬⵹Ǹ취ǣѵҵжӲˣǵһϵôΣ̧ͷӭŸѹԲ𣬸ףҲܴӦ 
ʲôԾŭһƿңͷҪôƢ 
ҵͷ⵱ȻǸð취ûأ˻ôңҲһԭõҵĵλҲǴתΪӱΪԼİȫȥ 
ɵӣΨһİ취ѽ㲻롣 
ҡͷݺݵأԭЦҲˣϾԼˣҲܳȥܲ˵İ취һѹҲ᲻ģǸոտǸôôͬء 
ףҧҧ̧ͷɣҲϲأʵǵһۿһŮʱ֪ռʲôλˣңֻǸСãͬһôܺԼӳء 
״סܾãͷˡ 
ԻɣҿЦ˵öԣ˵ĻעģҪ֮ͨҲӿԼˣ˭ܰңҪֻҷӱܣҶҪԼˡ 
׻ظˣȻļƲûгɹʧԶʱϲĿ⣬һ̣ͻȻףҪķôҾԶǸɲŵ˵ӣһˡ 

׵Ϣȫȷº󣬹ˣּΪһȺԺǸǿ˶١ 
Ҳ໰ʰ˶סʱСܰסҵ䣬޳ˡ 
ҸĳΨ̾ǵԵ־ˣӴ˺ҲҪฮȥŮĶأϧ޷رˣռԪͬȻߵһɲǣҲͨˣˣֻ˸ʱʸѡԼҪŮˣҲŮ˿ҪȫϵģһԼ϶Ȼûѡȫȷұ 
ʹǳϽ岻ãټ࣬ҽڲǰټҡ 
ŷ⣬ǰȥڵϣ̧ͷȨµˣǹΪӵ⹫ȻˣƤɿشϣϧǷŲ£벻ͨѾĻҪǣס¡ 
عܾòֳˣҲӢˣ΢Ц϶ʱֶ֣ԺҪפڹˣҪúѽ念ҪΪĻ²ء 
лϣߵףҲʵҵĻµȷģǸεĹأļҽСда취ģҸûĹ̸ȿɡ 
˵˼䣬ұ㱻쵽Լķ䣬ܿһ䷿Ҳ˹Ů̫࣬ڲͬЩűסһģסڹΧ 
Ұʼڹй䣬˵ﷱѣҿҲһ㣬գ뼸λĹ浽һϧܵͳŵûʲôⲻͬһ𣬿ȤζͶҲܾˡ 
ҲҪѹʱʱʮһʣ൱һǳˣ˽£Ϊͨʤ̫ӸzȻ⻰ֻ롣 
ǰһӣʡѲ죬־ҽһºǲ棬һʣұȥĸ硣 
һת˻͵ĻƤͷʮһӸǻʹϵһͥԺûгɼңסڹġ 
ϣʾȻڸſӭңһ·ŵ˴Ҳɾҵ׵ģϧ̧ܲٵز²ţϻЦû 
ţۼһִȣƮƮŶӺٷ磬һⲻҪҵˡ 
ع˵λ޷ǹӿʿϧ׷Ĳ飬״ԪҪˡ 
ѽЦԭҶɢףþһ 
޷ֻ΢ЦȻ߰໰ҿķ绪Ц޷ǹʹ˹Ŀ֪ӿɷ񻹼ǵң 
ͷȴЦֻ֪أǴڡ໪¥޷ǹڳǴβҵһء 
ŶҲЦˣֲãҲֻлʲ˽Ϊͷ 
ȻǾʶ˵̸ַ࣬·ֹΣϯĸ̸ۣҺЦţش޷ǣڵôܲɹͣһСС״Ԫ벻۰ˣȴ֪һΪʲô 
ƹѲ輧ǡָֻԵоһعˣʹ˼ĻŮӳ飬飬ҡͷ 
ЦƫɰɣǿҪͶˣ⸮ĸ輿ǾõģҲϲء޷ǵ޹ȴ貽½輧һǲپȻˣ븮죬յԽΪˡ 
޷ȻͷҲ棬˵֣벻һ۸ 
̸ЦһʦѾãٹ֣ȻģƬ֮䣬бֵ࿪ʼϣ͸غջ 
һλ輧ָͤͤȴͦΣڳɢ״еɣڶ壬һһһһ۽һǵ貽ȵ赸ԭǾܼġ 
Ӳϼӿ죬弱ٵزţŤһ˰Ū˿е˶źţýӿ죬߳ΪʱķŮйףһת˶ʮȦǻɣ˴ 
Ȼֹ޲в㣬ʦδָԿ٫tϲϷ£ŮٶȻظԭȵƣͦΣɢһٷķ졣 
áҺһǡ⻰û˵꣬Ϊڴͬʱĵ輧ͻȻֻ֣˫糺죬㺹¶ݽ޵ȴһ仨ǲ˭ 
Ŵ죬һ˸ѼüԲۣ˫ƹĵһ룬ʩ˷Ƶͣϣ޷ʴ֣תͷң룬һ輧ɴȹȴѾһֱסӣһָңЦСѾͷʲôطҴʲô 
10 
ǺòײŻָ˳̬ҲЦ״ѵϵ輧 
ֻпЦУһѰתʸʵŮҵһԶݣӣδרΪ˽ҵġ 
ҡͷЦļˣ 
Цסǣʵ̫ˣȻһ쵽ӵĸˡˣȰͻȥ˵ 
ʼҶŭֻͿֹͣգҪãܿɰ貽ֺãϲڹ漸ջȥһҲġ 
Ҳסͷ㲻أһ·סӲ˻Ӹ 
ʲôѽˣһű㶪ҵֶ֣ˣôʲô 
ҵѽ쵽ﵱˣûΪ㣿 
ûѽЦ˶ˣ˶Һܺõġ 
Ϊ˶죬Ҫ֪ʹ{¶ˣûԿáֵʲôΪɡ 
֪ѽΪʲôЦ㿴ÿ㣬ԼҲҵʲôأ 
̾˽޷ǣղҲˣˡ 
ѽʵң㻹֪ʲô£ղúòãϲϲ 
ϲûϲʲôǸ輧Ů˶ˣҪǸСȻᡮϲģ˾ӣŲء 
ԭˣ޾ôǰˣôء 
ˣЦӻ治ϰߣֻú㻹òģǸ޷һӡ̣ҲˣҲˣϸҰȹӻˣ 
ǿˣͲˣҪڹ 
ЦҹֽУʲôˣƾʲôڹܰĶȥҪǱѳҪġ 
ҲأңСҵһù޸ǰֺҺԪԶأȥʻϣڹ˵ţٲߡ 
Ҽˣǰһѱס̣ţţȥʡĴѾͷҲ̫ˣ治ǼٲһڹﻹҲҪһء 
ôͬˣؿңΪǱ˵ʲôʲôƭң㡣 
ǣǣǡһصͷС˵ʵԸһûգСĺʲô鶼ɵó 
ֻȥһʡ 
˵ﻰڴӦҪڹ棬ȻǻӭģڽֵǶ¥ɣܴЩ˹ȥӦһ¡ 
һطҹ˷ų˴ף˹Ȼ˵Ϊ޷ǣֻ˵̰棬дŲΪø׷ģڶ죬׵Ļžˣͨƪһ٣һµĹڣҪظ֤Բһ˿ˡ 
ţҿᣬûӰӣֻﰲοԼΣܵҸӲʩҲҪŪȥ 
ǲҶ֣ȿʼжˣȻȥһʣҪ輧裬һûüѵⱣ֤дףѾȻڻӸңƾֶΣӮȫµĻģ 
Ůˣֻ˵Լù֮£Ϊ˷ֹǳֻ󣬲֪ʲôʱҵʼĸˡ 
޷һǳرˣ˵رԵĳЩҲͬʣ࣬ܳĬʫʸ踳黭õóҽʶǻıʿȻһŵˣȴȱһĻùĨǣ֪Բͨڣˣֻͨȥݡȱۡ 
ҵǣϲľȻȱۡ 
㲻ϲΪһʵˣҵģȫͬˣ󣬲ṴĶǣֱ㵱ȻǿߵġǸСˣȴǸľӡ 
ұ˵ɫ̣ʱҾȻ۰Ĵ˹ĶǣˣСˣֲ˵ŮŮӶûĵġ 
պһ磬ͬһʵ鷿Щ죬ֻҪʲȥÿ˶һϣĵأַšӱʱһ۹ȥԶڿ޷ 
ãáֻһޣᵭģľ֮ױ͸ɴѩݿ䡣ɦͷбӡһ˴˯ͼ 
ȴΪ˼Ц޷΢ЦҲϲӳεʫǾ͸üǵáׯǡ಻˵˼Ц֣һƪ֮ء 
ԲۣһͷˮҲҪЦѾͷﶮʫסǸȱۣƽյֶοûá 
˹ȥȻһò׵ŮͼջЩЩҵͷǾϸˣЩϸڶȥˣֻˣֻܷڻƣƽǲеġ 
δء޷ҡͷ˳ָ⻭ϵеġ 
ʲôһߵҲһˣ˭ 
µСʦãڹϼҡ 
СʦãҶֺøɫ׵ʦã֪û˼ңӢδޣˣǻҲܵˣûҲûмңԵ˵ڹء 
ЦЦˣȻ޷ǹӵˣСܶ 
ȻЦţȴЦ⣬ʣ޷ǹˣδȢްɣŮǲδޣ 
ǣҡͷ˿һѾͷóŵĵӣȻɫ䡣 
ĸдأĸҲţǴһȥԼ¸ˡ 
ɲУҳڶЦ޹жȢȻҪӿǣµһˣ㡣 
ִԲˣɫȢ£òΪƾ˵ĸ֮ý֮ԣȻӦӼҳġ 
ǣǡЦ޹ʿһһׯأСܺء 
˷ҹţʼѵ㲻СӲȱۣʣµļҲʵĵģһظˣҪĵ£ĵ㶮ôõôǳİɣҿϧһǣȴӡ 
ѽνܿɰأҾϲôҡͷԵʫ˵ʦֲߣҾͲţһò 
ҡͷ̾Ѿͷ̫ˣǴûԹͷȱΪԼʲô¶ܰڵƽûԭϷأ޷Ȼᣬȴ͸ḯʣҪ֪ŪƢֳӲ˵ͨ 
Ī޸ʣ˵Ķ㶼ףĻֲϲ޸ʲôôԺЦλ޹ӻٷ磬ɲһľͷԽ 
˭˵Ҫ޸ˣңҺҲϲû˵һ޸ѽ 
ʲôҳԾ´ۣŶ㻹ѽС̫ˣˣѰΣŮˣȴˮлҿ治ġ 
ʲôŭЦؿңҰְ˵רΪģϣֻ벻ͨ治ֲˣǾԼˣҪ˭˭ָҶ˵һ֡ 
ҵϣֻ˴ķݣѾͷҿɹܲסǳ취Ūȥǣû뵽첻µزµϣħͷħ̾Щ棬֪ĸʲôӵģȻŮʵ⻰ԼҲͨǸŮӣĿŵҲ̫Щ 
ôѽЦŹңǾٸ˵һգ˵ˣﶼһģģǧɱ̫ˣΪѽǼͷĶࡣδ˵꣬ߴߴһ·Цű˳ȥҴϣ֪ҪޣҪЦ 
һҽ˹ѾͷҲҪҲЩʲôأʲôͨʲô͸װɵȴϷ˼䣬ֻݽȥڰ߹أôţԼҲ͡һЦ˳Ǹ绨ľԴ޷ǹӣҲ㵹ˣô֮ҲһĵĿ֮Ҳӹ⡮һ١ 
͵Цſˣ߽ϰֻʲô 
ûͷȴһƮľ£㡣 
ӻ£ҵĳ 
ֺѽĴĵİɣٺ»õÿء 
һл࣬Цôпңʲôֱ˵ĨǵģŶġ 
ôƢ΢΢Цˣҵɽ˰ɣԿҲӲˣϧɽֽģѵûСڣֻҪһ֣ʮҲ㡱 
˲أҳЦһָֻͷֻܰϣΪʲô֣ܵʲôңôɣҲ̧̫ˡ

ߡģǸһ£ǲ׵ģЩ̫ʮһ֮Ǻܲأ̫ӣƫʮһְֵ࣬ǹˣ֪Щ壬ǿݣһڹʵʵģ˼̫ˣʵ֮ΣյģŪãԼС 
ҺúѽҲʾЦ˳Żһҵѽ˱ûʲôԼĴȴǿģҪңϵҲùɣ͢ѰأҪֵãƽ׵徣ҿϣҲء 
һվУع̫ôˣʲô¶˵ģЩСϧٳ֮ϣұ磬㻹ǹԹԵģ£ٹû֪㡣 
ȥ 
ıӰĥĻ⻰·Ϊ֪Բһϲè׽ӰŪ֣òףûгɾ͸Уھң⾯棬δǼٵġ



11 
μӻֳһۣ̫Ӹz֮Ҳû˵ô֣µһ˵ʵڲСȥ˵УȻ·ʲôطҪҵġ 
ϧԶҪñԤϵÿ죬ȥԲߣˡ 
죬˴꣬ɫÿɲų˷ڴͬһûһţӸͻȻˣŵҹȥ 
ʲô£ҾòҴ۾ߣųţһͷҲš 
ȥ˵ڷңٸ˵ 
ΪʲôĿҪʲô飬ҿ԰ġ 
ɵϣһزأҪһҪһܰæӦء 
죬ɵˡ 
ҽ˻Ӹƻͨ޷Ҳڡ 
ʲô飬Ҽʡ 
֣΢ЦҺܸˣ㻹ˡ 
ü֪Ǻ⡣ 
ǰ죬˰ɣЦݲ䣺ǷѾ㲻Ҫͬߵ̫̫֮оء 
ǣҵͷˣҪ֪ġ 
ǸˣҲӦҶӣܻĿġ 
ȻЦӾп֮ҵı£Ϊ໥õģ޹ʹ˲ʲôֵ 
⻰һ㶣ͻȻ䱩ЦããáЦÿȣֹȻǸˣĻҰ 
ҲЦţһתۣȴ޷ü 
ô˵ˣǺܸ˵ġʽֹЦżͻȻˣΪм£㲻˻ˮȫҼڲ̾˿֣Զ֪жҪ 
ҿЦŸԴҵƢģСʱҾϲ£ҸԽǷԸܣԽݽȥҵӸ 
ӵʲô£̾㻽ֻΪİɣ 
ǣȷ£ղŻּ¸³̫ӵҪʫ̫ʾϣÿȥ̫ӸΪ̴ʡ 
ҳԾе㼬֣˵׼¡ 
οأڴؿҡ 
˵ҿЦˡֱԣҪҰ⣬ҪңȻشҼ⣬Ҳܶᡣ 
ã˵ 
Ҳ֪ҵĴɣһ˸һûȨûƵˣڹﲻǸʣ˵ʵҲʱҵ׼ңҲǸˡ 
֪Ҳʵ 
ãӸң˼Ҫλôֱǧ˵ʵҪ 
죬Ŀ¶⣬ؿң죬˵ǣȷд⣬̫޹޹ʷ 
ôҪλôʣҪλһ⣬Ҫһ⡣ 
롱ԥ 
ãЦˣϲҰĵˣҲлᷭ 
ЩҵӦҹ̴ޣ 
ǣͷҪһЩεˣһЩ̫ӻȴˡ 
ôȥɣҵͷ¶㲻ƴ˿Ӱ϶Ŀ 
Щ֣ûбô 
ʲô鶼ûأҿЦֲģһһϾƶǣȥ֣ǲǡ 
Ŷ룬ڵͷ 
ʧӣҲЦȻ鲻м»Ҫġ 
Σϲ 
㸮һҲܴȥ⼸޷ǹҲסˣøߡ 
Ϊʲôʣͬʱ޷Ҳʡ 
˶ӣ˹ȥᱻ˼޻̾˵Ǻױģһ˷ȫ̫ӲԼĸﺦ㡣 
ѽЦ 
ǧҪǸĶһҪԣ˵θãԵˮȿɡ 
á 
ÿ¾ͻҪ顣 
á 
룺֮ԼǧСģҪκˣһаУ˿Խ֮ 
ǣͷ 
΢ЦǸȵˣʵžأЩһҲˣҹ˵ΪѣȴΪ֤Լýûôˡ 
޷ǹھ͸ߡ˵ 
ʿڣ޷ǲͬˣǲ̫СˣŶüΪǶһأҲ̫Ӳˣֻȥæأ 
޹˵ҲǣĵȰв޵ģ֮Ҫеġ 
Ҳҡͷ¾СС֮ĶȾ֮֮ӡ 
ҧŴﰵ֪ʲô˵ʵÿҪˡ 
ʻҪͬͣȴȥһסЦ޹ӣʵҪ㵽ȥΪá 
ʲô֡ 
ҰһߣȻûгףİǺмİɡ 
ʲôû 
ôͲ֪ӣЦʵǲĹӣѵϴں԰ˣ 
Ǵͬ޷ں԰ײʵһۣʱߵҲˡ 
Ŷˣֺˡ 
ӣһ²һ£ԲԣЦϣã徲 
ͷȴҡͷԭ̫Ưˣ˼ͱ⡣ 
ʲ֪˵ʲô޷һҡͷһ죬ֹԹԵ˻Щ֡ 
߹ȥЦ޹ͬˣһȥ˰һ£ӲõģҺչ˺޹ӵġ˵ʱۣһ㶣ˣЦů 
Ƕ˸ɫתͷ޷ǣعЦþǲ⡣ʲ֪Цǣ޷ǣ⼸ܷŹ 
ҹɫҴ޷һˣĴ꣬صԼס 
һţӭ汼û°ɡȻ޷ǣס 
޷ǻʪ͸ճڶϣǳģĵ񣬴죬˼΢Ц 
ֱˡ 
кţ޷˽ȥ͵͵һߣװ۵СҸǣҪСģβҲҪصһЩı˼Ҹˡ 
Цʣºݺһȣˡ 
ұȵʹУ޷ǣ֣ʲô£鿴 
ûû£æЦҧͷţãԶûкñġ 
ص޷ǱǸ̫ˣ᷿ûдɨͬҼһɡ 
æϺòģü˶ȥˣҸ·ˮҪ 
ʲô˽Цݸˮ衣 
ѽҴϲѾͷ㻹һġ 
Ҳܸɣ֪˶ֻľͰÿԷŽȥˣעˮ޷Ȳصˣÿռһ˽ȥ 
ѽҳͷȫûˮУ޷Ȼ˵Ҳ¶Цݡ 
Уֻ˫ִͰأڷɢƣǣһɫˣֲ̾ܳϣʵ衣 
̾ʲô֣ѵˮ̫ˣ 
Цֻ²̣̲µġ 
ЦǺȤһˡ 
ŶҺЦһأȤ 
ʵǸˣϧûܹͳĽŲúء 
ǵǣЦҵӦ֪ɣҲܺܺõģΪ֮ء 
ͷͨϣҲ£һš 
ǱƵģҿЦֻҪֲҹ̥ͺá 
ҡͷЦţְͷ˹ȥ¶ؼƬѩ 
Ƶò˼֪ôأУǽŮ֮ģֻܵǸ 
ԡϸˬ޷ǰ£ȴ˯ţԼ£߳䣬Ѿͣˣһ紵һӼ飬˲һ̧ۣȴվڻ԰ 
ʲôѽЦͷѾ˯ô˻ʲôأȥ˯ 
ڿСʱϲһվ԰￴ǲףɽϣҺȻͨԭҡ 
ŶҲ߹ȥȻûЦ 
ԡȰҪңȥﲢ棬ʱˣ˴˵Ŀ¶ʧġ 
ҧŴЦˡ 
㲻ΪǸ޷ǰɣü㵽ôģ 
ѵûйرҪõһһˣЦңҴûϲһһ£ҲԼԶϲһˣֻҪõõ˾㿪ģԺ˭˵׼Ҳκ˱֤Զ 
Ҫһһͷϣ̾Ҫ˵ģȥ۵ 
ҪһҲϲǸأϲأǸۣңԲԲ۾ƶ̶ˮ˵ԭϣͷϣΪʲôҪһһ檣ѵǷ޶ô 
ңҵǲ׼檵ģ˵Ҳ֪ 
ǲ֪ôشҰɣЦѽ˵һһףһʫúˣԧǲģϧǻˣҺûԭ 
ұû˵һ٣ǲߡһ 
ֻ׽֪ĸоܶģҲܳãԣҪҾȥץסתͷ۲˭˵ҪһҪˣԺһ죬ǲ뿴ԷˣúһۣǾٷֿ֪ôÿ˵ͷĸҾ;࣬иƵģһôܱ֤ʮԺأ¶˵ء 
ããáұ˵ҡͷСóƣ˭ܵҲעġȻ˵ҷͷߡ 
Ҫȥ˯ôʣ㿪ĵѽŸüͷ 
û⣬ûô᲻ģﻹи绨Уүҿ治ء 
ЦУ̾ȥˡ 
12 
˷˯ţҺʹ࣬סշתʹ࣬ȴΪ£Щ꣬йˣò벨ƶҰףͻȻϽۣҪͷȥܻвӦӳ 
Һˣӻ˵öԣڹٳҲ磬ʣֶεĵóѣΪӻңӣҪӲӲضݣҶ 
ãŴ£Կ޷˯»ϴ˲㵭Ĺ⣬ӳüĿһˣҲɿЦֲƤ⻬ˬûĻ˵㾾ķ˼ʮͻɸöϡ 
ۣŵ˳ȥΣȥʮһӸ 
ʱѽӸĿ˾Ȼû˯ҲŻӦţӷԸ˵ȹӣ鷿СľͲ㹫ӹȥˡһƵˣڣЦУڸҲɿ֮ˡ 
ֱ鷿ʹȻڣƿ飬޾ݡ 
֣ҽеЦðοˣ̫ˡ 
ҵȻҪֻЦӿ»ʧء 
Ͼûʧ滶ݣϲģǸǶ̸̸ˣû޷ڣЩ˵ø͸Щ 
ҵͷ޷Ǹ׼ľӣǰֻ˵Щ滰ȻٳΣһ˻ˮ滰Ӧ˵ġ 
ˣһȥ̫Ӹұ˵߶Ȼǲǲ֮ˣ˹Ͻ֮أҪСĲǣһ뻢ѨǲȫģӿңعԸ㻤ҡ 
⻰һʵһ뻹ǳ滰ţĻ͸¶ңΪ֤ҲҪȷ̬ȣҶһˣͬЭǸҲֻһȥ˵ȵôʵҲڵ仰 
ã޷ȻŻȴʵЩҪۼֶλ䣬ǵÿֵ 
ЦЦ⵹滰ʱڹѣ˵ı£ȻĪǽͬ˸ۼƷʣĵף޷ʤҶࡣ 
Ȼɻ裬ôŽˣҲлҪ˵ʱðѻˡ 
˵ 
֪ʲô˰ɣҵԺ˭Ҳ˵ҲԸϻۣҲּ̫һɼȻһϣҾͲܲǵԼĽ 
˵İôͷҲ޷ֻǸѧʿ˲ģƾֵĲŸɣκιְǿԵġ 
ҰкЦ黰˼ҸףҾͲû񣬻˵úûãʱӵбȨ 
οȳֵ͢ĹϵϣƵһ䣬ķâ 
ҿֲ⣬Ҳ룺˵ʵֵķʵǴġ 
Ŷ̧ۣ⻰Ҫ 
Ʃ˵ʰɣ΢Ц룬Ƕͻʲô˵䲻½ŭĻ볯͢սҾͲ᲻½֡ 
ֻʹǾʵ׶ұԶЩûвŲʣΪҵԵʣһҪɱڣع˼ҡ 
˲ã˲ɣҵ򣬡ɫһģһֲĵǿϣк壿ʴ˾٣̫Сˡ 
ŶӦţȴһϲµأǻ񣬲ŻγԹȻҪؽѵãҹȻûп 
Ķͨ͸ģеҪ˳Ϊţˮʹɷ羰Ǿ˵ţׯء 
ҵͷĵ׵ȻѩͬʣǾô˾̫ʮһĵֶθ߹丸һȣҪ٣ǻ˸ַңǰǰƤ£һУ 
̲ס̾ԭҵעˣչʣֻҪһ˿ᣬҲҪȥΣȨʤǧ 
ֻһҪ󣬡վ̯òˣȻ˵ĿֻҪһְ£Ҷӻλá 
ԣԥԽ֮ܣְλĪ 
ãһΪЦҹҲˡ 
ɷһԼȳ׷ҲᶨʲǸƱ֮ˣַģǳ£Ҿ㡣 
˴ԣҲ໰ֻˣҪ˵Ļ˵ˣʱ䲻࣬һҪȥ˯һء 
˷䣬ɫ΢΢͸޷ǻξΣصڴϣΣܿ˯˹ȥ 
һ磬ҵķ䣬Цţһˮϡ 
ұá໡ҽУѹŭĿӡ 
Է᣺Ƕڵء 
ʲôʱ򣿡Ұһۡ 
չʱֺõЦȳԷɣ˯ 
ϻҵѾͷ˳޷ǶŲҵģΪ˲СӵȣԸ˯㡣ˣʱҲҪȥӸģȥҪ· 
ĿĴﵽЦ˳ȥִŷͷʲô׼ȥ½ϷأҪҪһ 
Ҳ룺ҲŲأ޹ӵȥɣǸҪȥϷأ̫࣬Ҳ˵Ҫңȥ԰ӣͥԺǶˣǿɶãʲô¶ء 
Цţˡ 
ҡͷֲ˲ϲŮŮҵģ컹һһΧת͸ĳˣôˣҲϲֻҵȻᣬԼҲǹһתȻģֶʱµûš 
ϴϣҳ˷䣬ã޷ߣ̸𾢡һ죺ôôѽ˼Ҷˡ 
˼Ҷˣǹʲô£û˸λˣһ˶С 
˯úô޷΢ЦôȦڣǲ岻ʣҪҸѸȿҩš 
ãֻ˵ͷֲ࣬ϰʮˣʮ궼ԶأôԲҩͷӡ̲ס̧ͷЦһ˯òɫء 
Ȼ޷ǻû˵ȶ˼ľȻɫѣ㣬ƤˮԷڡ 
ʲôҳҲ̫ˣ㻤ˣҲòôҰɣ˭˭ˣɿһۣ˭֪ҲڿңǽôˣʹĴεҪĲ͸˵ôۡ

ŶˣҵڶγƼѾͷôֻǲ˯ѽһۣЩ˵㣬ôҲ֢״ôôúúģë 
ѽЦˣңҪѽҺܹġ 
һߵ޷ͷˮڲϾ仰λôһҽ԰ǿ 
ãͷЮһֻ翴еļ۵ĺɰЦŷŵǺܺõģþˣеõģϾͺˡ 
˵۵ֻɰ޷һҧȥ֭˳ʹûµģ޹ӷģԵǸƿɲǧ˷ˡ 
ѽ޷ü⵰ûأģҲϰߡƣϡ 
ʲôƣСӣǻͲϣõһһڵιˡֻ˵ĵƣ˿ĭֻˣһ̯̯غòᣬҶڶڰˣԼߡ 
Ӹʱ̣ʱ˵㣬Ҳڳ緹ô磬ЦùôһԵ㣿 
ãûԱ˶˸λҪȥʢ࣬áҵûкɰ۵ġ 
̷Ըȥ壬˳Цſˣ̫ӸǼ£ǿҪǾ³ԣ㿴ɫҳʲôͳʲô 
ã΢Цһж̽ˣϣ޷˵һжǶǡ 
δأҡͷ岻ðɣǰ˵˼׮¸̫Ȼδɣɶȴǲѣ˵׼̫뷨㣬Լ·ǶСˣǴӻƽ޹ʵң⣬Щ·ͷֺοһ١ 
ͷּ˶ϲæסڲ˵ˡ 
̫Ӹzʮʱѳ˴񣬸ۡҲڹڣȥһĹ 
ڴУǼ̫Ӹzʮͣȴٻǳöƽڷ绪ïߣǹɻҵƾȫסλò˵̫ӣҿʼЩףΪλݱˡ 
ʮһôˣЦúƣ۽ü͸񲿵Ҳˣ׼ʲôʱſʼأ 
ȻˣȻ֣΢ЦԵӺݣ͸Żĵӡ 
̫ΨΨţ˴鷿 
һﱧᣬһ·ţԹۣλ̫޶ۣҵԸװǻơ 
Ǵ鷿ˣʱʱһڳݼȲڣֹƽӹܵıС֪ԼУȵ˿ƫƫҪаڳ̫ӵļʽ˿εһˡ 
ΣϾ϶ңкӡ󣿡 
ЦЦҡͷǵôǰڻǰۣԶԶƳ˸Ӱӣʱ;һ㣬ôһҶҪʲƽˡ 
ֹЦ̾˿û˵ʲô 
һ·æ磬ʲŴ뿪̫߳Ӹţ͵Ͷ㿴ãһ죬ۡҵģҡ 
Ҳÿɷǹƾ̫ӵѡ⵱ȻǿܵģǸ̫Ӹzӹµý˷ζɲ֪ôǲģǾ̫ףô˼򵥡 
13 
Լסһ԰ӣ㿴ſ޷˵Ŀɲʣ㵸رȻʲôƵǸȱĿɿڴ 
ʲôأҵſϷӳϷѵԼҲˣ޷ЦŵʲôĿѽ 
ǡ̫⴫޷æЦֲ֪ס깬¡ʵҫĿ࣬ͷ»Ƿ 
ŶҲЦˣԭ̫棬սһƣΪ϶¡ء 
ЦЦ޷ǵ鷳ȥҷڷĶô 
ãתˡ 
ôˣô֧ˣʲôѽ 
㣬޷ΪʲôסȥҲ»ǻӸɣ޷Ǹʲô㣬ȴһӻӣʲô»ȥ 
ҿЦѾͷǾùͷ룬ǰڶһһʮذ鶼ȥʳҪλԼ飬ЦǴ㣬̫ΣգڹȻҪܲС 
ЩŰɣܰգôܵԼҲкô˵ҿǸ̸ģ϶ҲǸҰĵˣ̫ӷû 
ҲæЦҪ治ףʸ֮±һ㣬Ҳѣİȫһʣû£ҲǺõġ 
ŶǲţҲס˿ڡ 
˵㻹ǾظɣֵȰ㵽ǸŮӣأ֪ԺҪЩʲô£ǻȥҵűȽϺá 
ҲɴࡰҲҪѽ˵޹ĳôãЩ֮п϶ҪԿģڣҿ԰ 
һߡ 
ôˣ֣˵ʲô˵ѽ 
˵ʲôѽЦǺûģһ޷ˣԲԣ˼ְأôܵȫģͷˮһգҿȾѽǺܸżֵĺá 
Դ˰ɣҲЦѽ̫ˣҲŲ㵣أҿŵﶼõ޷ȴǿʯ˶ģױ顣 
ʯҺôȷңãˡ 
̧ȾҪߡ 
ѽֲ󣺡ڻûô˵㵣ģǿأʵѽԵÿҪǸӣҲҪݺݵذͽ㣬㲻šһתۣ޷˹Цǲϲ÷ӵģղҴ԰ͷϽ˺öأժЩˣȻøô 
⻹࣬Щûֵ÷ӳԣҷű˳ˣȥȡЦѾͷϧˣͶ̥ˣֶΣҲڵƽ 
⵹ǵģЦţ㿪ȥǰڲƽģֻҪԱǸӣǰڲƽ 
һЩֶסĿڣǸ÷ӻûԵأĶʹˡ 
˵Ц˵ЦҰԹžһ̫Ӹ˽£Ȼƽ£̫ȻƽӹɣҲԼ֣СӦֻǳˮСʳÿһظָͷеʳ¾ľӪְ˽£ۿ̴ʶϣڵ칦磬ȴʲôҲûз 
ڶ죬Ҫ̫Ӹ칦ʱҲϣʵĻӸұͷʹ˼롣 
϶ʲôطԣҶ˵һж̫˳ˣѵ޷˵̫Ӳûвģ 
Ҳ벻ͨ̾㿴ʲôҲûУһ˿ۼ¶ 
ҹȫҲҪ죬üֻûԼס 
ص䣬ѽ죬ҵڴϣֱ㶵صŷ˯šãƮҲƣŵشڴڣ 
ˣһϮ£ֻһʧ԰⡣ 
ҺӰ޷ǣôȥһʣֽŲͣ£ţ˳ȥ 
ҹɫһ쳣ĿԼǳУһ·ֱ԰ĻǺԣͣˣˮߣ 
ƬԲ̽ͷ⿴ 
ӳˮ⣬ϵıʹרעճյصˮ棬մĿȻЩΣ⸶ģʹҵģѵҪͶӣ 
ԥҪҪŲ߹ 
ҾһĴת飬ȴһ£ԷֻǳЦ 
ôˣ£һ޷ǣ۵ɤھҹݺ 
꣬޷ǼסһѰӱߣ㣬Ҫˡ 
ʲôѽôԼҳЦģ֪ԭϲҹ԰˳˽ʲôģ㲻Ҳɣ 
˵޷ּԭȥڣһƵĴֱƵĵ˻ȥǺҲҪˡ 
ס죬ƴסЦϿгϷ 
޷ǵͷţΣСѧл˵ 
˵ɣױ󷽶ˣ΢Цţ˿żʲôѽҸ 
ֻûвϣ޷ֵ˿𡭣漱ˣŮܲף 
ʲôЦã㣬˵ѽΪʲô£ 
޷ںԺټɣЩӳչ˹ذҺܸмұϾȢΪ޵ģǲٳȥϷͻˣӦԶһЩӰ쵽 
Цÿɰ޹ӣǲ̫ˣ 
ʲô޷һ⻰ԼⱲ˵صļˣû뵽Էûһ¡ 
ҲûҪ޸أҲϲһԼȥ棬ѵ㲻úһܿô 
Ŷ޷ǵǰҵ˰ɣҪǾͽðɣԸ⵱Ĵ硣 
ûţҲ룺ѾнˣٶҲҪ 
޷ڡغ˳ԳԵôô 
ֻӽ㣬֪ʱס죬۾˫ҹǳ㿴滨ôôһļвͬķ⣬ΪʲôҪȥʲô飿ôˣֻҪϰܣͻ֣ᷢʵණƯ鱾ϵĵкܶˣǺȤֻҪúһǾһȥȥ֣ΪʲôҪȥں˵۹أ 
ջ޷գۣ˵ 
˵һ仰ָʼḧĴ˳Ĵߣգ̽ȥ˵ණǾǲӬǲҪģƫƫڡһˣֻҪסǧҪϧԼñԼȥ£ͲںһУֻҪתȥǾͻʧģؼֻǣԸԸĲںǣԸԸֻԼ 
ȥ޷ǵĶԣۣôһˣӦɰĶĻƯѣпĵӣΪʲôҪȥЩ˵ĹأǱǱ˶ģǵֲ㡣 
Խ˵ԽᣬڣȥĴǣһֻҵĻġ 
޷ôˣôĴȴҪˣɵɵվһһ˹ڹסľһ 
æۣͷһ󷭶ʲôʱҲԺİŮ˵Ļ£ǽһĶѽ 
Ұ̾뵽ȻһʹЩЩ£ֻԪܶˡ 
ģһ춯æ̧ͷ޷ѽƿ 
ǴţӲλ绪Ĺӣ˿ֻ̾˵ޣֻﲻͣؽţŵ˳ȥƺ˵ʲôһƳȴ׻ֹסˣڣƴعƵ뿪 
ҲУֱô벻ӣôһ̣ȻѹɱȥӰҲҡͷЦЩҪȴ޴ڵףսʤһĶ 

æתͷֻЩʧ㲻̫ˣֻḧԼĴӺãЩᣬûгȥʱҲԼһ˴ 
ֱˣҲŴղǵĵط￴ˮɫ㣬»ΧﻨҶɣǸ˵ҹŸղŵ飬ҵ޷£ȻѾܾȥĵ治Ǽװģ˾ӡ 
ҵͷ߻˷䣬ţϣ̲סһγ̾Ϣ 
峿ûңȴ˴ڴ 
һϿʲôЦЦ˵ԭжɳأϲ 
ϸؿĻգǼٵġ 
ʲô֣ϳˣ 
Ҫ˵һĿȴ޷ǽˣȻɫʹţЩ˼ 
Էɣ˵жɳ 
ԥţͷߣҲҿһۡ 
Щҹ˵Щű߼ʵĻǿٷŵ˵ףֺȥˣŶ޷ǣʲôŸ׸˭Щѿ 
֪ʲôˣ⻰ʲô˼ 
ʲô벻ģЦСǱͱֽ֪ϲ㣬Ҳô룬ϿɱҰڳģСĲ㡣 
Բ𣬡ˣȦҲЩ죺ĸΥֻܹˣҲʦĵġ 
Сӣŭ治ʶô 
Ǹ֣˿ڣɫƽ˶ͶְɣҾ㡣 
ҵ˵ˣĵһ治̫죬ʵҲǹܾ̾СŮˣ̫ܶӲҪ治Ը⣬ٱҲҪģһ£ܲϰŸΣ˵ô 
ҧŴͷ㣬˵ͷ 
ԣҼȻ˵˵ﵱǸãѵҪȰ㣿Ҫдӡ 
ǣǿЦˣҵȻͺȥ˵Ự 
ãʵǲ˵ԡˣԩңǵȲμ칦磬ٻΪǴϰɡ 
14 
£һ̫Ӹ칦ڸĺ԰УͬϯģлӻóĻӡһ˾ƳԵ֣ĿڵģʣϿɫ簮ģǵǵù̫ԹҪǿԻЦȴгʵĲɷֹѡ 
Ҳţ϶ʵһӻžƱӭЩӴ粽ذʮһӣҲ㹦ûˣСȾһ 
⻰˻ϵע⣬ңعôͬʶһģûȥӪ 
ҲҪػæȻǻʶ߶֣ýع԰븮ʶģ߶ȥ 
ŶϵͷִȰؿһۣû׷ȥ 
Ҿ˶̫ӸЦҲ˯þˡ 
ҵͷҡҡͷʱǷŲӻ񿴵ҺòHôҲ²͸ŵΣȸˣԻ˷䡣 
԰ӣһˣ޷Ƕڣ˸ŵʯףµš 
ֱȵƵʱ֣ԶԶȹ 
æӭȥ޷أǲǳˣ 
ûУҡͷֻ˵һ˳ȥߣҪ 
ס֣ 
ŽǰˣǳμʱһȻЩ£ɫֻǲ졣 
̾ϵ鱾ǺѰģü򵥣ȻҲԣҪԼÿ޷˱ȽرȻЩȴƢֱһֱԼ뷨Щ뷨ܲ͸ 
š 
㻹˽ԭľӰɣȻһǼװģòȻӣֻҪʩССݣǵ㣬ʹΪСˣһˣȴѭ鱾ϵĽԱоݣݱҳ֮Ժ㣬ֻðһ·ߵףҲӲȴäţʱΪЩ鱾ϵĴǿҪ˵ж޷ӰǿģֻȻСĵؿķӦ޷ǣڶ־ӡ 
Ҳ˵ 
ܴҲͨɱϾɣˣܻеòĶˣ㻹Ҫʱ֣Ҫÿ 
Ҳ˵ԭǰ˵˵Ҫ̫ˣҲǸŮӣˣҪѧƣʱȻԷЦˣɲҪ˻дܵʱҲҪѧ΢Цͦأ̳Ĭֻƣܳȥ¡ 
ϣҲţе鶼нģְ־˵һҪѧֶΣΪе˶㣬ųĽ̵ϵ֣ȴִԼ⣬ֻҪ취ŪǾʲô⣬ܹЩ֣ҳʵ㡣ΪʲôҪѧܵƣֻҪҵı¹Ҿܵ⡣۾ˣϱûҵòĶˣòΪûպʵķ 
ҡͷǲģû뵽һȰľǿȰˡ 
ô˵㲻ܴˣҵѽһˣûȥˣ׵Ŵ˺ܶΣʱˡ

Ҫô˵ָֹֻۣЦеؿңʲôԭ򣿿϶Ϊ˽𲮲ŲĻأڹҪ£͸ʵŻɡ 
СͷһǣҲǣ˵öԣһ˵һףⱾԭ˵ֵͨǣַЧģǶԸϰߵԭϡ 
ûв´ʹҪˣߵȻҲ֪ʲô£չýأǾ仰Ҫֿ˶һط£໥֮仹иӦ 
ˣˬҵݻԼɣģͽ𲮲û֪ҵʵݵġ 
Ҳ͵أ̾Ϊ˭Ϊ㲻ǸѰСҵĹΣգɱ˶õģһ仰һƣҪͨ˵㻹СĵãΨ£ԹҲϾﱣİȫ˵ýץס֣Ҫǰҵ磬һ仰ȳȥЩʱû£ٻҡ 
ԲԲ۾ңڣͷðɣȻ˵ôأҾһ䡱ҵӣһЦְ˵ԭôãҲ˲ٵ飬඼ƨһ䵹Ǽ¡ 
ŶҺ棬֪һʲôԭӡ̡ 
Ǿ仰ǣֵǽС˵ֹͬһԺ϶ìܳͻÿڴǶ˵ǹ˸Ѫܣⶼ޿ɱģ꣬ǾһҪĺֶԸ˵ζԵڹıʡ㿴ȻƽʱǶ죬Ҫңɵ˹ؼʱ㻹ǹҵġ 
ס仰СͿɽһ˵˵ϸȻеģȴһ⣺Ϊֵܣ󵽳֣͢С븸ףƽ񣬱ֱŵߵͣҲҲݣУȻһìͷ⣬򲻿ԼҵԪΪ˱԰ɱ¾ 
ҵͷˣʵ֮Ҳиִ磬ܹ˳͢Ԫ 
ڶһ磬˹ʱס֣ЦһģҪҿ޷ǣҾͲţҴ򶯲 
ֻ΢Цʵ޷ϲûлҷ˷ţҲˣϼĸȢޣҲ׼£ֻϣܹ׹ЩˣԶò 

գʮµĳдج̫ӸzͻȾؼҽ˵˶˵ֶԵģǳһҩܺ߷Ǿһʱںʾ֢״ 
˶ɣΪ̫ӸʱܲԸ̫ͬһòͣÿγԷֻƾˮ伢 
֪ʱѾˣ̫Ӹرػȴʵϣӻµġ 
عѲϵЦ˶֪ͬʮһڣԴ£Ϻܶŭ˵ʵ֮ 
ѸٱǲΣȫûбĻᣬϣ̲ûҡ 
ôӻȡЦңҵĻô˵ʮҲȲ㡣 
һѸײڶ˵£ϲ 
еʯϣŴֲҵéݣжĹԴյñҡڱʯϣͷ˵ĲﵹҲңð˳ȥ 
ţ֨ѽѽشţͽһˡתȥԿϵİӳڻ谵¡ 
޷ǣΣһǻϼˣô 
֣˼Ц߹ߣһȾӡ˶Ƭӡˡ 
ʲôҺֺЦֲǳԷ֣ΪʲôҪң 
·˵׮飬ȻѣӦùѣҲܶǶصظϻΪ˵仰ϧӲ˵ǵͬҲ˽ 
Ŷôˣ¾ɵϣ㿪ˣĵЩĪĸжֲ׽޷ǣȻĹֱÿ£˵£ΪûĻϵһǸӺǣԭûгֻ֤֤Ҫһҧ֪Զס˭֪ؼʱҽҩĴӰͰ͵˳װ׵ӻ֤ݡ 
ллº͵ı飬ֻÿЦǡСǡҲʵڿ䲻 
֣Ѳл΢Цߣһ͸ķҿҲǳ羴ģɲԻ󣬲֪ϵˣҵĸù 
ڶ죬ȥӻҪҵҡ 
ôǺǵЦĶ㲻ѽҽѾǼҩɫζżһθ޺֮ɾ綾ҲϷǵٹԳָ֢칦գʮһ̫ͬӹΣһ̫Ӷǰ죬޷ҩĸǰ˵Ѵ˽ô 
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Ц˵⻰̫˰ɣԹΪƶƣҪȡΣԼӶȥԼҩʲôҼȻҩҲͶýҩ 
˵̫˾ޣָʹˣһղһգɢҲҸɽѡ̫Ϊ˱ױҪӲҪһɡ 
̲ңû˹˼ɣ϶ò⣬ҪиᶨָţЩϰַʽı䣬̫Ҳˣһ·ȥʡЦⶼǻϸ飬һ¼޹Խ磬һǿҪʣڣһ˳ӸzΪ̫ӣֽʷڵһλì֮ܵǳҪµģƽ׸һҷԴơ 
ҵͷģ̫Ѷϣܵ˵̫һֻǸʤ֣ٵ־תΪĻȨֶΪҲݶһǡ 
ˣϸҵı飺˵ɽֽأˣҪһʾֻһʣ뷭츲ظ㻨Ӯҵġ 
Ҷ۹⣬ȴ΢ЦһȻҪԼĵλʮһǸģ죬ҾͻϹϻѺеĶҩһµģΪҺ޻ϣʷҪɱĶӳһڶʱҪɱҪжϵ㣬ֻ£ôԥһˣǺݲɱء 
15 
ѻ˵ôﵽ׻ף׮ӣǣһף˻ϣ˭ҵ֤ 
˶죬Ȼټң̲˱Ƶ̳ҽ빬С 
£ǸϵǿȵĲˡ 
ع꣬ᴭţң˺ޣҪɱ̫йԹ 
ӢҺģúǰȻ͸øһ·ӦеףǽعһʱͿⲻ֮£޸ɡ 
޸ɣ䡮ߡһǴ칦ϣѾ㲻ģӽʶߣʹ޴ 
ҵͷϡ 
ûͬʡ 
ûУҲ룺ҩǰϵһ߽ҪģζаҩҸ߼˹ֻһҲ꣬ʣˡ 
⻰Ǻ˵ӻôµĽУϣصһ޷ǵĶˣҩԭһֱסʮһӸ֪ΰᵽˣɡ 
棬ֵѵͬʶйأϷԸȥѺ 
־棬ӻЦˣС󰸣Ѻ档 
һ޷Ҳˡ 
ϸ̾ϾüĿˣȻϧϧ 
ϣ޷ҲݣС˲Ǽ֮ˡ 
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ûУС˲䶾ҩСĶǾ˵ҩ 
Ȼ˵ʵӻЦ̣ĸˡ 
̲˾棬˴˽ִһ͸ıӡ 
ֳиĿ̲ġ˿ޡӲͣֱʹ裬һر֮ճѪԽԽ˳Ͷպ 
ȴʶģ״Ľ֪޷ܰȥ 
ӻ⣬бңȴ޷ǵ˵ʵҿ̡ 
Ȼ޷ҡͷ˫Ŀˮ㴽죬յĲ̬Сû飬ΪʲôҪϡ 
ܺãӻЦˣˣҴȴʮӣǲǻӲ 
޼дžХƬÿһ޷ǵҵضһ£ʼʱҧһ죬ʹֻͺߣÿһαӻسʱѪ׷Χĵ̺ϣñǻµĵط˿ȴѪ̳ʮ޺޷ǵıûһõطѪȥ뵲ȴסӲڵϣϵĻҲọ̀Ҷơ 
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ôЦݲ䣬º͵ûһͦʮޣӴɱһ׷ģ޷ǹӿͨô 
ͨ޷ʹҲΣȴԲĿڣҡûӣһӲǣʹҹĿ࿴ûд 
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Ҳȥȥôʮٳʮ͵ڴϣҪ赶ɱˣҪʮһӡ 
ʲô󾪡 
ס죬ӻŭҪͬɣȻԩ࣬ˣҳ 
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ˣǻڽУӰҲûιȥͷʹѣǰȫǺɫġ 
ò˹ҽߣһĲͷϣԭһǳ鵽ͷˡ 
̫ΣˣҽһʹѨˣҪġֽңҵĻܲ˵ 
ת飬ȴװɵҲֻ 
ˣҲˣ˵ǲǴˡУƤһæңҵֵùˣһѡת 
عϵãҲ˱һԣҳ˿ҵͷˣô 
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ããáɫףҲŵòᣬ²޷ʶ£֪ģعѽοˡһϲӻŸȥˣͷһΣҸеʵĺô 
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ȻɱңֻͷԹӻӼȿɣα´֣ûԩ˺ˡعӻһۣղ˵ȥˡ 
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һ£޷Ƕܶˣֻñ˹רƧ˼䷿ӣҽÿնʱҩˣĻһǼġ 
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õôӣ̾㻹иӲͷǰһ㱿أڵЩˡ 
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𣿡֣ϲȢ㻹ûʦðɣ˵ټѽʵﻹΪ䲻ģ׮飬ֿʼϣһˡ 
СᶨĸΪӵТԶţǶ˵ƷҲܸǡ 
ԸΪû׹ˣŮܲףھˣҲȢ 
ʲôʱͨ쵽Ҫʹһҡҡ 
ˣˣæסСôŻһ˵ģҿˣģ£ǧҶСı˿ڡ 
Բ𣬡ϣ֣ԲҲܡ 
ҿҲû˰취˵ԶǵһλҿʼΪģǲƸɫ㲻ܴ򶯵ģֲϷ곡Ϸսǵò 
еţĥνһ˵ӣⷿһ˽ 
ôˣ֣Щҽ˵˻ϵҲͽˣ̧ͷʱס 
㡭վſڣۼҰײͷͣһʱûϳ 
Ѿͷһȥһѱס 
عУôˣ 
һѾѽҴϲסţô֪ģ 
ûü˵ȴһۿ޷ǣ̼ˣ޹ôˣΪʲôҪôҩ 
ǵȻΪ̣˵Ҳˣôô 
һۣڹϸҵͷɣôô᲻ݡ 
Ȼᣬ̾Ժͷϻһˡ 
Ŷ࿴ۣϹȥ޷ǣ޹ӣʹʹѽ 
޷ǵţϵҲϲɬ˵ 
ıôˣȥ᲻˹ͷУ᲻Ժ̺ܶأ 
𡭣޷ǸߣæҪ㣺ѽ 
ôѵʹţæͷȥô 
Ǻߣһ̲סŮܲףô㣿 
̧ͷһۣҶѽҲ˵ء 
˵һҪúϢ̫ˡһ˵ţһ߰ȥˡ 
ʲôѽɱǿѲ 
˭ģסʡ 
ʮһӸҵģ˵ȻѾٱǲǣ֪ͨҵģ˵лл㶥лһġ 
ô˭ģҹĵĵ 
ӻ˵ţֱӵฮȥǡ 
ôãﵣСѾͷûгʲôɣӻǲʲôģ 
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ʲôˣ治ںֵˣûбʲô˰ɣ 
Ȼûʲôˣһֱ׳ʲôûʲô 
ạ̃㣬æֹסȻǧҪ޷˵£͵û 
֪ˣͷ 
治֪Ǽٲ֪Ҳˣӻ㲻ģǵһԺ˵ҪʲôأҪ֪ϲ޷ǣǱŷӰɣѵ㲻¡ 
ѽ̾ҺܵǶģǸ˵ģҲ£ҶӲġ 
δأЦӻǸöʲô 
˵˭أ˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵ӻһ˽˵˻ѵǸö 
˵㣬һʹ󣺡ĽŲˣ⻰˵ġ 
ߡһ˿Ҳˣ÷˰ɡ

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Ϊ㳳ܵģЦҪ޷ǳȥ 
ʲôһҲɺȣҪȥ 
£ʮһӿҪȥȻ㵣еͲǷˣûػӸȥʹߡ 
һҪ˵ҵֱ֣졣 
ۿ˰޷Ƿŵ̧ߣӻתҲˣԻȥ˰ɣطϻûּأ㱻˿̽ģǸҳȥɡ 
죬תͷͷ޷ǵȥˡ 
֪һ·Ҳģֻݺݵӻ 
ôЦҧң㻹ǹԹһ˴ɣʶ㣬˵Ժһúƴء 
ôʶ࣬ͻȻĻǷĴ̲ס䳰ȥǲǵҲһڣһˣͻϰҷųȥѽ 
ʱסɫһ죬һۣû˵ʲôϻͷߣʱߵǱȽʱˡ 
16 
ϻûҴǻ˸طһΣӻ⣬Ұ̫Ӹһ¥ʮһӸÿ԰ﵽ޴̫ܳӻ 
ƣõ̫ӣÿμҶͷ߹һȥҧһƵģԽСԽҪȥ 
һ죬ӻڣֻһˣżӣüǰ߹ȥҲ̲סǰ̫Ӻߣôôɣ 
һؿңǼΧ 
ʲôԳԵص 
ܸʲôҹЦֲӻҪ˵ųСҪǳӣ̫λôֵõ 
㡭ɫҲˣڹ 
֣ӻµļƲôôŪúҪƵģϷͦѽ 
һᵱϵףǻˣæˣң㲻Ҫ˵ǺúôڷҲġ 
һ仰˵úãЦúôңҵȻᵽ˵Ҫǰҹصüˣҧһڣ̫ӵλӿɾˣ֪ô 
ããáһ·Ӧţɫһһס 
㲻Ϲңҳ˻ӻҪ㿴סҰɣҺĵģҪ˯ž㸮ŰѻʲôģɾͲú 
Ŵ졣 
ϲ˵ģʱҲɣҪ˵ʲôĶҪൣһѽЦе˵ϧرϲңҷʲôɱңҵĵҲԽԽ˵ǲǸ⣿ 
ǣҲҪˡ 
ӻ㿴ұȥģҳȥģҪǹﶼҹ䣬ҿҪëġЦ̫ӣǽӻ˻ҪҧأǼƲߵóѾͱ˱Ƶ·ȥҪôңҿҪ޷ 
ãΣ⼸첻ڣһµģί죬ֻҪͷҾͷڹ䡣 
ϻŭǷôͷھ͸ͷҵҲҳš 
ɫְˣң죬ͷ 
ܺãһ˵һʹֻ˵ƾԴΪݰɡ 
Ҳûа취ֻ̧̾Ҫߡ 
̫Ǹѽϸظ壬ӭգƵ˵ӻֵܰæˮ 
ʲôͣתͷңʣ⻰ʲô˼ 
˵ʲôˣϸĿڣղ˵ô 
ղ˵ʲôֵܣ˹һš 
Ҳӻ˵Ļ̫㻹ϣء 
ӻʮλΪ̫С˳࣬ҵأ˵£кܶ˷أôة࣬鲻㣬ô̧תͷһۣѵõأڶԽ 
ôؽһˣ治ǻϰµķѽЦû£ҥ춨ˡ 
̫ӴסǱ˺ݺһš 
˵ЩĻԲסѽҡͷԣûһԹˣӻҪסңȴ֪ǺһˣҺӹҲ̹Լղ˵ûʱĻŻܱô޷죬ԼҪԼ 
̫ӵ壬ڹ޼ɵڸߣ˵öԣӻ֪£ҵúú塣 
ȥʮһӸûţڸ˼ȦӸĿ˶ϵҵģϻȥһʱˣԶԶںţҰ빬һƫƧС԰ 
֣㻹ôһȫط֣˵Σ 
û£Цϵĸм˷ܲǼװģǰǲҵİɣҵΪˡ 
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ҡͷ֮ɫʵҲ϶谮ǳԸͶ 
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ơһг 
ҵͷӻǷӦֶθҪǺ޷̸ǵøüɹͷһϽܡ 
ϾͽĴȥ׮飬ٹ춨ᴫ̫ӶУʱضš 
ףţҲɣӻĻҲͲǰôˡ 
޷ôʣ˵òأúúõһˡ 
ǡЦİɣҲ˺ܶˣһ˺úչġ 
˵ףҲҪע⵽ĴˣϾ·δǲ̫Ŀŵ뿪ˣ԰һʱųֱӻط䡣 
ǰƴ˼һʹģϧûˣһˣɳ̾һ̵Ĳǻ϶ʵĳ谮Լ̫ӵܣ£ѽ 
ҰԼڷֵ˼գﴫòˣʼ³ţÿմ̫Ӹǰ˹ȥ԰˼ȦƵػط䣬һգʱֺ 
˵գͬһһ˷һᣬ˽ÿҲ֪˭ 
ع̫ӳߵǰлҪͬ˵ 
Ӵѽװǻôᵽ 
粻ԭƽӹı鵹Եû΢ЦѾЩ 
ΪǴ˵ĻôЦĵڻϽ̫ͣʵڲ˾ģʵ˶֪£Ҳ˵ˣǸˣûˣ̫ӲҪء 
죬ǰãعʽװɡ 
ףҺ棬˾ȻҲ뵽ףһС޶۵ˣ 
ҵϻλһΪةһְԳԵӻлѪͳѱǺôݣһǸ㡣 
ŶһһʵȴǽȻͬľʵǻұþĹõĺֻóھǿɻʵߣ̫ΪʣȴĵӣҰڲͬλڲͬϣʵǲʮǧġ 
ôʣعҿܶģֻҪһ֮һʸ㡣 
̧ͷ˿ѲǸΣȴǴƬĽɽ޾ĲƸҽñʸ棬Ҹұ֤ߣҪκСδȻ 
֪ԼһʣҵȫϵڶƾеĽϣ׵ȥҲ¡ǧٸҹҶԼӲģջȥǶɱһεľԻһУһӣѱӡۣԶ벻ⳡУɽ죬ͻȻ֣ԭ棬Ҳܻ 

ļ죬Ҷûгȥմڷ˿黹ǿ飬ϣҺܰʵϣһҲûϵһˣδö⣬̫֮ұѡһ·֪һ·ȴֶߵð̫ƽ̾ڳĻĿɬ 
£ҹҲ˯ò̤ʵڴϣһȴڼתôùڰͻȻҹ 
ҼزǸԴߣ̴٣һ磬һ˹ŬȺƽһȴѰעߣֻٽЩ 
Ŵߣͣ½ŲȻɴʣԸеĿ⣬ŵң˫۾ڣ֣ʷһ̽˽һ̣Ȼšȥһץסе֣һľһɳѹڵء 
ʹתȻǸŮˡ 
17 
СܰҲһй㣬ŵó 
Ȼͻүҡ 
ʲôҳʣ֣ô˵ҲӻˣƫƫôҪʱ֣Ҳ 
ҡģֵ̾ѽǧ𾪶øˡ 
ŶҰŰɣһϷɿһ飬Ȼûбŷһߣӵߣʯ򣬲Żعϸϸƹ£ڴϣһ£ȴѩףǰࡣ 
ôˣ˲ҵݣҵЩϧôĹΪʲô 
ͷ˵죬һֱϣӨ¶飬ĵϸ 
̾߹ȥߣСܰΪҪ޵İɡ 
ǣүʵֻ㣬ҵ̲࣬ס 
֣ࣿתͷʲôࣿڹְô 
ǣҡͷһᣬ¶İ̧ͷӯӯؿңүⶰӱÿ춼ฮأҹֵҡ 
ҡվͷƻǱѣʲôطͻյͨ죬˻ȥŬôÿʲô첻ô 
Ҳ˵ġ˵类˿ 
˵ˣ죬̾˿Щǰˣûô򵥡 
үôճյʣССؿ 
ûʲôعεؿѵѽһڹҡ 
ฮʲôʣģӦò°ɣѵӻûиõȥ㣿 
౾Ҫڷ̺򣬡ֵͷרܷ£ԸһūҶ˵գϲڷ¡ 
Ŷҿ˵ 
үֻฮԶˡ˵ϣ£лġ 
жʱһᣬνѼ飬ԭǰҵϹ˵ģȻûϸŮӵġ 
үܣҪ˵Ҳڣȥס꣬˵ 
ڼžֻһһһԲֻӵ֪Ũĸ飬һӲкܶࡣ 
ÿ죬һܶˣܶ£ֻкٵˡٵ²ŻפģԼǵõһμȻʱŻ˾ǿףˣңӻǣڣţӽԺ󣬻ҹޒҶСܰģ 
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֪˶ãԺüһʪҼڣ˵үˣҪȥˡ 
18 
ʮ³ˣƵգ½ԿУϲϣ 
ʮ٣񲿳ʫ񣬰ٹٴ緼ãϷգҹ׾԰ 
ΪﳼϾǻݣƵʱ֣븸ĸ׽ͬ԰ 
԰ѹʵ̨յñͨŵ԰ֻϯΧŻڹ 
ЦտȻһ죬²˽ִ¸ˣеϾϲһɻڵļʢ¡ 
ϻʺԶԿӻ̫ߣǵڶ档 
ϯҹгʱ̫ǰݵڵأֵ꣬˾ٹ֮ͬգġ㴼һ̳Ը븸ĸڻͬͣԴ 
ãǴãϵͷơ 
ֻһв¹Ụ̊ϵˮÿǰһֻߣһйŮ̶һΣʢƵƿ 
Ŀţϻʺǰıģֻ͸ˮ˿˶һһҵطھǰ 
ҵͷֻˡ 
վ߳ȥ 
ع֣к£ 
⹫Цص֮գûʲôöТصһ֧衯ʾˡ 
裬Цˣع룬ӹȻ档ʣǸŮҲô 
⵹ǣЦ𣺡ԭԭˣȥӯ⹫һϲġ 
ðɣתͷʺ󣺡˵Ȼͬԭ貽ӣǸúúһ¡ 
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ѻλԿӻԲˣŮ 
ħǰ׻Ŀ˯ѰĽ࣬ѩ̤ÿһ˵ļϣԾƫ㸴ĶҪˡ 
Ҳ⣬ǰϸÿһۻңȴֽţ 
赽ǰͣסǰʩ񣬽СŮף١ 
ãá̶ʡ֧ʲôѽ 
ϣ̧ͷ¶޵ɫòͱˣȴ֮裬ͨףʱģ߲ʱ˭ҲȾƣһ飬Թ˾͵úһյһֱΪֹǷǳȤġ 
ȻϴϲϾôϲ赸Ͽ 
չ㣬ȴбб˸ۣЦ˿ֲҪʼˡ 
λϣųǸŤӰһתͷӭӻɻĿ⣬һʱжʱȺӻͷ΢Цһ̣ҲֻŪèǿƵҷ 
תͷٿУ֫۲ΣʱԾ紺ȪţʱתҶɣÿ䶺Ʈߣ赽̫ߣЦȥȴӻ˺Цӻһ㶣ˣ²͸ʲô˼ȴֻЦ绨貽ͣһֱƣһѶ̫ǰľƱسС 
Ķնʱе˶ǺǵЦţ̫䱻߾ƱȴҲЦ˷ܣ࣬ӻգۣԹ˰ѽ 
ӻ˵ѸеԣǣȿҲΪˡ 
񱭣÷ɿ죬԰еĵƹ⻨Ӱ֧ɽľ飬Ө۲޵ĺ촽޳壬˭ƵĿУڣתŻϣ¶˵΢Ц 
ϲôˣǻþɫˣֻΪ欵Ķһһ̤Ȼޣף˿㻬ļѾƱϣʮָڻϵǰóɶɫָ̧ͷȻЦ 
ӻվˣϧѾˡ 
ȺУҺǺЦߵһʤ֡ 
ϵĻ￴ЩЦ֣ץǰɫָỬͣû֬㼡ѾšתƼǰǱơ 
űӣ۷ɽһ·ˮ̫ǰٰ㻨仯ֽƱǰߣȴӻչһЦƺ˵ʲô٬գ˼ȴ׵ģ˵ɵСӡ 
ҲƲסԼϣƵششЦ 
˶ֵؿҲ˲ˣãҹЦѽ衣 
ԼԼ̹ӦȻˣ衣 


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Ŷη壬Цжǰıӣ裬ȷþһƣǲǵⱭˣһ 
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ӻһԲֹֻ䲢˶зֺʧ̬ĿżϣоԹŭ˫ĿཻﵹҲ 
Ϊʲôϻ¾ƱסǱĶӣȣzŻŵģɺͳⱭƣЦ 
⻰̫ӱѲҰֽɫͻ͵Ѫ죬ӶϵԳԵ˵ʣʹ 
ȥʣվߵ̫ǰ΢ЦƱ֣ǸʵĴ֮գԼƵļ𣬾ȾϯҲȺⱭƣǧɨ˸ĸ²Ŷԡ 
еľƱδյ̫ӿڱߣ̫Ѿ󵹣һεڵϡ 
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һڣ̫˫һѹڵأˡˡ޽ţҲֻ˵仰ˡ 
һʢݱģĪӻͣŵı飬ʱǶͬġ 
ﵽʲôϱŭ˵ס 
̫ڵʹޣָӻڱĨġ 
ԩӻվڵأС֪̫˵ʲô 
ҩɫûҰܣѻǵȴ˿̫ӣӻָ㤵طѵǾ붾ɱҡ 
½عҲ֪̫ʹ飬̬ٳ˿ȫһУֻǱƣΪԱң֣֪ģǲǣ߸Ҷ˵Ļ 
˵۹תϣϸŭ滹飿 
ҳҲȥϣЩǸ֪ˡ 
ΣŭϴͶ̫ӣ̫޵ıҩȻǣ㣬⵽ôһ顣 
ϣ̾ѵûпϴνعʵǴܹģһУʵȫΪ˻ϣǣֽǰסģϳᶴࡣ˵ţתȥһָ̫ӣһУ 
һһڣ󾪣Ծģȴӻ̫ӣ붢סңôˡ 
ϴ̫жпƣԭ޻ʮһӣعȥֻöϣҲԩѽҳѣ 
ǱԩģúͿΪʲôҪͶأ 
Ϊѽ⹫Ҳ̫ҰĲʮһӣƾ޾ݣܹ˵£ֲܿʮһԩֻҧ׮벻ǣ̫һƲɣһƣȻ˻ϵ⡣ 
˵ʣҡҲԩġ̫ŵÿǲᣬشУƭˣʶûʣҪѽ 
죬Ϻֶסңô˵ʲôƾݣ 
ع֤ˣ̧ͷ̫ǰǱҲ֤ݡ 
ղŮ⻻˱Ӱɣ֪ж 
ȫһְţָԭصӻŮҲ£ʵϴ̫жһҲб飬ǿƾֲ֤̫ӵұ˽ⳡϷΪ˻ϵİȫ룬Ҳعϴ顣˵ţʩ񣺡ȫȫĹ͡ 
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עӵĿ⣬ӻѾȫ侲ң׹£̫ڣûаհ嵹ңҲϽһһȨ׺󣬵ͷǰЩСϤ̫ʮһӣȨλҰģѭ浸أСʵòİѱֻⳡϷɫĿܣƵϲţȥ̫Ӹ鷿һңŸĶҩϴ̫ԼеĶ϶ҲС 
ЩǴʵ飬һ̫Ӹҩ 
Щƾʵݣ̫ǰٿĪ磬ûҲû뵽ͬȫԭ׼ҷԴȴΪ˫صָ֤̱ڵأ鴤 
ҹȥϵҲڳ鴤ִľַ֢ˡ 
ϢŭӭȥԸңѻͽȥ촫ҽһߣޱТ˳ظ˹ȥ 
е˶æְ˽ŵذɫĻϷߣӵſĻʺȥˣҲоɫ͵͵֮󼪡 
ŵԺУ˲ֻʣӻ׼ؿһۣͬſ޺۵ĸȥˡ 
Це˹վߡ 
һѽӻҧгݣȻһңҲˮ 
㷴ӲģЦ̫ҪҧģϴСܰңһҲǽҲҪе鶼֮аɣȻ֪̫ģҲ׼žסеİѱҼȻԸ㣬ô˳ˮأ˵ҷֱǸɿЩ 
˵ɿʱáߡһ 
ղûҶ˵Ļȥ˵Ӻòÿ˵ʲô㿴ô 
ӻŭؿһֻۣóԱתߣǸˣ֪Сһ취Ҳûеġ 
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ڶ죬ұ̫Ӹ¥Ǩԭҡ 
Ϊβ˴˻ҲԲף˭֪̫ߵú̫ܽӵĸ 
òĶ̴ģҡͷ㲻Ҫˣĳѷᣬи̫Ӳһܣ̫ӸһУ̫ӸƤë˵жְţǰͱֻøңʱ򣬷ԳЭڸʵ֮ 
ҿף̫֮ľ𣬻δǲ֪ģӣѵǰˣ飬һеðűȳ̫ӣ壬ߣá 
ǰ죬׹ͷˣߣͷ󻼡̾ϧһˣȻΪá 
Цȴź⣬⻰ȥˡ 
޷ǵ˺ôʣһˣӦûʲôˡ 
ҪģѾˣ廹أҲӲȰˡ 
ЦҲԴϲˣʣҲ˵ٹЩӣҲҪسƳˡ 
ǫȫʵİţҲΪ˳ԼݲҪ 
⻰ﰵЦȻаˣսڷ磬ʮһǶľνȵβͷҲᶯģˡ 
ߺֲôйͰɡɰ 
ȫĹͣЦļ磬⹬﹬⣬µ˶÷һŵģ 
кѽЦΪʲôҪӻһѵȫûа취ô 
Цˣʵ˵ϣǣҲ׼ 
룬񾡣أҪΪԼĽ·õõңŻѱ˸˲ȥˮ㣬ȴǶģҪڹٳ˻ˮбΨһİ취ְˮø죬лʵóӵ̻ӣΪʲôҲܴһʵ۵ĹǣסΡ 
ҾӻҪһڳһٰ»ʿסƱõĳҰУԼҵһҵɡ 
һˣҺǺǵЦõ⣬ȻϾϹٳ֮£ңӽǹٳ֮ˡ 
ᣬһۣʲôӣܲʲô£ˣᵽ£ҪأҪ²˭ 
˭ⱾòµġҿЦղŵĵһɨգᱨϲѶȻҪ޸Ԫˡ 
³ЦҪҪȥ˼ҵǷˣһͬȥɡ 
ҵȻҪȥģҺ޺޵ǷʲôԭǷҶЩɣǲңҾȥ֣磬ҳԶˡ 
Щ£ȻѾ⣬ҾҪʰװ̨ȥʲô鶼Ƕ㲻ģɽˣҪϸõķ羰Ц̸ʮƣϾӹôãҲüʱˡ 
պ󣬹дּ̫ӸzԭۡУóһͬʱʮһΪ̫ӣʮһӸΪ̫Ӹ 
ºҳͬȥ 
ҵȻûгΪԪͬȻ֤ˣȻڵǱһһǣԶȥˡ 
ĵģȥЩƵǳɫ£˵ɫ÷ˬֵ֧С񣬿֣Ϊ޷ǣСѰһ۵ظҲˡ 
ֻͬȻݰɣɫ䵽Щ΢Щ̬ʱͬʸٻ硣 
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һԵ죬Ұײһ£Żɫ 
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һ죬ݵأݸá˾һ·ȥϲһߣŽεεӣֻЦóһ̾һ߻Ҫͬ˵ȻҪ˵ɱҡ 
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˫ĿעȻıӰЩ죬ƺЩԪȻԼ̲ס̾˿ƶһ˵ĸоǸ̾ȴǻɣڣҹ۾Ȼ 
ˡҲ԰һס֣Ů˶Ǳ뱦ͬһǸˡ 
ûѽһû˵ӣ˭˵ҪȢˣҲǽ˭ôû˵µöԡ 
Ѿͷ촽ˣȻһأɲܿЦģôˣŮ˭ 
ǹټС㣬׺ǵĵǰѧʿصģѵ㲻һ䣿 
ʲôҵͷҲҪˣĸѽһʺͿʣòȶʣʲôʱ飿أûģ 
ûѽҲԲ۵ңǰ컹ԷӶģ˭Ҳûвŭ˭ǳѾͷ˵㡣 
һڰοңЩڹʺȾƣûԪȻĻ⣬Ҽһʱֻõȥ󣺡ô飿ܲܺúø˵˵ 
̾治֪㼱ʲô˼Сģ̸ˣҪʵ۲̫ģͬ˸¸ͬλСסһġ 
Ϊʲô粻ң 
ûң˵ʲôôƶӣҪǸ㣬Ǻúðã˰ɣ˼ĸԸˣҪʲô 
ɵؿ˶죬Ŵ˵ˡ 
ԿڲˣңѹˣĲģܺãͬ˵ںݵġ 
ںںŭ֪Ҫȥ檣Ȣأһҡ 
˼ҲϡѽǸСַëЦ˿Σ˼Ըأʲô鲻壬ҿһʡɣҸõġ 
ޣһߣſⷹǳԲȥˣҶ˿ӣֱ˳ȥ 

Ҳ֪Ҫʲôطȥһ·ּ֪Ǵδǵġ໪¥¥£طһûĵȴǣȻȻͬ檡 
С֣СЦӣ÷ô 
áҶƵ߽ȥãǼᡣ 
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ȻͷԭǲⲻҵĻþһУʵǼ 
߽˷䣬һֻҵļϣɢõա 
⣬Ҿ̧ͷõ廨Ѭ£ζܾûŵˡ 
عôҶȡ˱ӣԹԵһܾòˣղͻ㴩ȥΪԼۻ 
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һ㣬һβɣȻң˼ȴϡ 
Ƕţȴ޻˵һʱ䣬趼ҪϸϸһֻÿЦ¹ȻϣʲôǿԶԵģûС 
ãȿĿڣ֪ӻסİɣǵȻ̾㲻ˡ 
ǣҵͷͬ˵ʹ죬Ĩǵذ޹ࡣ 
ôҵģ 
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ЦͻֹסһŲס˺סˡ 
ƽزһô̾ô᲻ӻΪˣȻΪݽȥ 
Ȱң͵̧ݺݵҪͬ˵Ҳʲôģʲôǲ֪ģҪ˵ 
ããʲô֪⣬Ĺȷһ׮ñ£ҪģǲҪЩ̫棬Ȼܴȴ͸벻͸ʲôá 
벻͸ôãȻ֪ʲôˣҵôģֻҪﵽĿġ 
Ŀȴǽӽ̾Ŷûкúø̸Ǯɣ⣬Ҳ˵ɵϣÿ˶Ҫôɵһصģ˵ǣɵ˾͸Ҫվɵȥ 
ǣЦˣȴ£㣬ÿϢ㲻ˣҲ̽㣬ҿɲɵôȻֻΪ˼ȥί㡣 
ôˣ⻰ô̶̲סûӹͣôҲЩЩ˭˭˵׼ء 
죬棬˦ְѱ˹ 
Ҳܹæǰס֣ϣԼҲһƤԹأǿͬȾƣһҪء 
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ҵȻҪ죬ҪȥʸͬһȻǰҲǸɵӣǣҲôɵȥȻ벻ͨ͸ȥˡ 
Żصſڣӭ޷ǣ޷ȴǺŵģ̧˳ 
ʲô£֣ѵǾ˸ˣֲǻ£ϡ 
ղһСİһӣ̾ʱ̫ңҲ֪˭Ľţûб˾ˡ 
ǿ̫ϧˣ϶Цɨһۣڼװ羰޹ӻز˼ˣҪЩ˰ɡ 
޷̾ȴЦһţʣ϶ģΪֻ湻ݵġ 
Ŀ޷ˣһѰϵһߡ 
ʲôѽӴСҲ㡣 
û⣬¸ҡ 
׼ʲô˷˻ȥǲҪϰʲôҪҰæǧ 
˵˵ҴͷСתĶԽҲҪȥǲʲôѵĿԣԪ˵ء 
¸뽫̫ԶһյĹ 
ǰģ˰ţżһ軨۵ţңλǲҴ˵ط 
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ҽȥˣһ߲ס߶˵ôô 
һ·ţӻװ޵ģ͸žϸ̣Ԫеģûп˼ˡ 
ȻϸΣŵŵѣңʱס 
ѽǿЦ񡣡 
ҺܺãҲЦǿ 
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⻰Ƿƨ˵ʲôѵܷ˼Ϊһǿ˵ģɴˣһסҲġ 
ôУ̾ǵλ⣬䲻һġ 
ҺݺݵоԪͬı컹һĵģ͸˵ʵˣ죬ҵȻ˵ЩҲģ⻰˵⣩ԪҪ㣬ʲô첻δϲǸС㣬ϣǣŲٻ󣬻Ǿͬټ˵Բԡ 
˵Цô£ףɲ׿ڳϡ͢ۿžҪˣԪԭͬӻߵýһһĵ˶Ҫܱͬ»ʵĺߵýС 
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˵޳ޣֻȻ࣬ģҾҪʵ뷨 
Ҳ֪ʲôĵȻҲǿ㻹ǸˣҼȰΪŮˣ͵ýһɣǺǻȫԼѡҶˡ 
סǴʵˣ֪е飬ȴԸһеɣ𷽲ȰĻȻѣԭܹһģͨ͸ˣˮȻ 

Ҳ֪ԼôصĹһֱ˼һ⣬ȻĻͬͷһǣ͸Ǹϸ΢˿ڣЩ··֮ 
ڴſڵңԶԶһܹңһֱӻعȥأôʹô 
ҵͷżϯôˣ˶Ҳûʲô취ģԼԸ⣬㼱Ҳûá¿ߡ 
ҲȰ̾Լأ벻ͨǸҡ 
ʲôѽ֣ô 
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Ŷ˵ԲԲȴǲΪȻ 
ղһʱȥȻǼ棬˵˻ҲŶʱҸﲻġҲԪʱȢޣԺ˭˵׼»Σض°һеιϵֻҪռλϣڹٳУ˾ԶֵȻһ㣬Լñ͸ 
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Ҽǵ˵һ仰ˣҪѧƣʱȻԷЦˣɲҪ˻дܵʱҲҪѧ΢Цͦأ̳Ĭ⻰˵ģʮִϻۣҵΪȴǣҪɹͱѧʧܡϸϸͣ˿ƴȻǴҪҪ͸һƴԭо仰ѵúͿ˵ȻҪˣҲһҪװͿ 
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߳ŭҲͨȢΪҡ 
ȢǾֻһʱ˵ٳϵÿ춼﷭һûкúûϵǱӲȢҷ˵ζͻȻ檣ǳ˿ӽԺԪӰʼǿǷһϣλСֻռ˸Ƿ⣬»һӳԱ񡣡 
˵ţһվ쳤̾һʤ֣֮ӮǸδӮǸҲδˣԭŮдǣϧԼ֪㡣 
ִҲҪҲңǣǱҾߣ뿪İﶯԽҲɡ 
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סʵ˵⻰Ϊ˴ȷɰ飬ҲϲǣϾûܹѣ֪ʵʹ࣬绨ѩµǷʳĸӵܵרȻŮӣʵȥѰԼϲˣϼѣԲͬС 
ŭˣ۽ԲһЦȥ˵һϲһЩȻȴݣҲ꣬£Ͼ۵ģ˶Ͷ˸̥ıӡ 
ԣڻɫģҲ⻰еҲϲ 
ҺǺЦˣȥšãǿʶҲԸίԼȻǿϧСǣ⣬˴ĵﻶϲ 
˵£ԻعȥˣʵҲܲСģҪע⵽Լݡ 
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ͷִԲӣǹٳƽţЦԵԶǵˣܰ¸͸ˣ˭㶼ںˡ 
̲סɣȲ˵ƷֶΣؽģ˵ȫȷڹٳϣԶ硣 
ʵһֱǺܿؽֵģңϲûж⣺ΪֵݣҶΪ̴֪ơ 
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ںѾǴˣͻЦ˳ȻνǹɣȻһߵ˷ѣСԭǸµģҪллֵĻ֡ббŴǡӽԺ󣬴Ҫ¾ˣ޷ֻ黢ֶ˵ǻҿһεĻʵۿ̺úš 
ҺǺЦʲôͬһĳ⣬ʲôϸȥ˵ҹʩȻˮĸΣԺкܶҪˡ 
ӴЦҾᣬɵðϧ̬֮Σһ֣˻ЩȤ 
21 
˼գϵĲأҲˣ̫ӽʽͬڳãʵǸԶŵˣһȨҺôϱƳ⣬ֻصԭĸۡˣȻҲһ¡ 
Ҳȥ²ɣһˣȻ£ȴֿ϶ǹģҵĴԭעЩϸϣͿˡ 
¾Ŀصи࣬ǻ֮ǰϾ˼ɵңҷջǰ£ֻص˳ʱķԪͲˣӻֲ棬ҶһˣҲֵң 
£ֿʼͬȻȥĳӻѲǷֱѹϵҾ˷ĥѣʤҲ࣬һһ䣬ζҪŮ˻ϣɫѲҪ˼ȴתɾ 
գϽ֬ˮۣƫɫһĨĨϼҿôסŮ˶ı£Ҫ֪ʲôʺԼȴǲףǵþһʱڵҺ̲ס㵽׶ˣ 
ȥģһۡ 
ҲǶˣܸܲܰңҴЦ 
ʮһ㡱鲻Ը˵ 
ֹһɣ׶༸㣿 
ʮţЦСӣټӼ꣬㵹Խ衣 
ҹЦôǸŮˣҲϡ 
һ·˷׷ײĿۼһСؤͷ˳ȥһͷײϣеƿڴлӣ۶Ϲô 
Сؤסߵͷ缦ףԵͷҪܡ˭֪һСģһŲȵˣ¿ɶ㲻ˣԶʱȰȰȺ 
תͷȥһۣҪתȴֺȻסǴ˽ֱֱضסǽǣСлͷҲ̧һ£ֽ֮зһ˳ȥ 
ôˣüʲôÿġ 
𻰣ְеĶӵϣԼ̧žߣһֱǽлߵķ׷ȥ 
СӣһںÿڴҲ˲ˣҧסǰǸӰֱ׷ײۼŲ·ֱƽͬȥ 
ںͬһˣҲ·תﺬᣬһֻ˵Сޡ 
Ҳ۵òᣬ벻ܵô죬ǽԲסͬڣò׻ҳ̾һСܰʲôѽ 
ȫǷŭ뱯һضңһӣƴ 
Сܰұܣһ£û뵽⸱ģһӿűӣʣôӣ྿ôˣ 
ÿҲϵ㣬ߡ 
Сܰ̾˭֪һѸ˹һͷײҶϣײһģȥҺ󱳻δŵأȴѼŬץסһȥ 
ڵϣǲӰץҧҳʹסϴ򻬣׸˳ȥһ̵أûӰ 
죬ҲŴӵˣֻʹ쳣类ͱ˼ŭһʲ˳ȥһΣֱฮ 
ӻվฮſڣڣָֻŵÿڴ꣬Сûƨۡ 
˵Ȼϵңȴûôȱ£ŵɫףæȥˡ 
һ̣ӻҴҸϳ֣üңȣعԴҩôҸſʲô 
㡭˵Ҫȣȥס½󣺡Сܰôģôˣʲô²ͳһ㺦ʲô 
·ģѿԼҲˣܰôˣҲ뿪ҵฮԭǸСūţֲһҪʲô 
˵ŭֻǸߣô⸱ģǲƵ·ϵģ 
ʲô·ҲˣȻȥ㣬ҪҲʲôģܲ䷿Ӱ͸ųɣ֮ҲŲءɻ󣺡Сܰôˣѵûȥ㣿ȥ 
סɵˣԭԼԼŪطҪȥ૵Һ 
һѳ˻ְعԵ޹ſôˣܸȵǸ߰ɡ 
Ҳ˻Ƶߣ˸ſڣͣסˣö⣬˿ȥҪȥСܰҵԶᰲġ 
һңֱ˽£ÿһҾͳţר䣬̮ؤϲȺһҾһ̯һ̯Ѱֻòȥ׷ʣº˸ң˳ǡ 
ڶأһС۾Ů˵ǰӵȥˣڳǸ˵ء 
úӣֶʮӣ֪ôϸŮӴԼҲĺѡŵؽӹ˴꣬ҧһڣϲôˡ 
㻹֪ʲô𣿡ҺǮͿԲַˣ㻹ʲôңҾٸʮ 
ĵģÿ϶ޣŮӽʾ֭룺ֲϺúҪԺܳԿģһֱڰܳԵñ 
ŵԣӣûˣһҧͷϽϵɴ½ۣһһ׸ЩϺõĽӲϣǮֹһУΪСܰĶɡ 
ŮӻֻŽŵؽˣɴۣдųԾԳ԰ʣӣ㡭ʲô 
ҲϷڵأ˼Ȧ˳ִӵ鲼ϣֿʣ㿴Σ 
Ŵ죬ŵȶˣŸӣﻹ˵ó 
һЦԹԵˡ 
ⲻԶȷʵƫƧؤΪӳңŶ㵽ôƫԶĵط 
һţͷһȺƲؤУֻ;ĸ 
һͷһ࣬ûע⵽ңԶԶ߹ȥˣſһ 
ؿ˹һң˹ 
Сܰҵʲôͬ˵ôҪԿ࣬ܲͬһȥ˵£ 
ҧڣﶨģԱȥٿˡ 
ãҵͷˣƢҪ㣬һַȥҿ㡣һ˵һ߸ϵǸӣ֤㿴׼ˣϾͳȥҪ 
סڣ˳㵽ʲôˮϴһۼ¶Щԭѩ׵ļҲҪȥҲҪңҲҪϵ㡣 
㲻Ҫͳôұ޵ʹϣ㷭ɾĲû˵Ҫ㣬ѵԸԿ࣬Ҳϸһȥ 
ҡͷû뵽ǰôŮͷţ͵ϵҰɣҲ㡣 
ããã̾ϣƵ㲻ϵҲҪǿϵãڽʲôǽСַģôɣҲǣǾһˣַҲģ໥иӦ 
û˵꣬س˿ȥҿ˸գڵϡ 
үȻллңҲͬȥģǰԼɵЦͨ㲻ϲҵģҲϲ㣬͵ûʶ˰ɡ 
ʲôϷϣ˭˵Ҳϲ㣿Ҫǲϲ㣬ôΪޣ 
תңˮȻϣȴƽҳѾʹˣûϲңҪȢˣŽڻǴڹԭҲǹӹȥģһֱģֻǲټ֮ˣү㻹ǷŹҰɡ 
ҭסû뵽ӻô̹ףһڶһҲǺܣʵˣҲ粻˿ڣǣ治ϣ㡣

СܰһȥɣʵҲҵĴҲǸ˿ŵүһֱҵҲòãǰҳԼù㣬Ҳˣ㱾ˣôܹأ 
͵͵һۣǵฮˣȻϷ㣬ʵҪ㵽ϲģԼΪʲôأֺҪǲҲԣֻҪȸһȥԼȱεأҸɻҸ㹤Ǯô 
ԥǲɿڣˣڷŭСܰ񣬽ˣͷǵðȥ˵ʲôҪйĻһҲŵģ㲻ߣҾ͸ˡ 
⻰ͷȥҲˣҶĬңҪҪ֪ϻûء 
ŵļ죬˵ȻһҪַʱ飬÷ˣض飬ʵϣ˵Ļʳ󲿷ֶһˣǸС۾Ů˵öԣСܰǺߣÿں棬Ҳ˵ע˵ˡ 
ȴĨֶۣòԹɫظǰЩС㣬һôٷһƫƫڵģ绳һͬģ˵˹ģһİҵѹӣֺò󷽣С£ҲӵģҰǼиСܰô˿Ǳ£ҪҲҪȺ 
Ծؿң죬ֿ˳ʲôô֪ҲԸ⿴ӣҪңǲŻ֣ 
ҪҾ͸һв˵˵˵Լɣ֪ҲϲΪʲôƫƫϸߣıģʩˣСܰ㲻Ҫ̫ǿˡ 
˵ùң⼸ҽεģҲӲֺݲίԼ˰죬ڵͷֻίԼˣͬȥҪ£㸶ҹǮ 
ãáһӦˣֻҪϻȥ˵ʲôԣҵķѾͷǮ㿪 
УѾͷö٣Ҿö١ 
УУֻҵ£Ҫܱˡ 
һҪ£Ҫġ 
û⡱ЦԼҲֻֻ꣬Ҫϻ˸ʲôɵ 
22 
Ȼ˵Сܰҹ˻ȥ⼸ȫɶʵҪӹÿɻǼѡ 
ſǰŵʹۣңûιȥ 
ҵĺүɥʣ⼸㶼ȥˣĪǱ˴ˣ 
ٷϻЦˮ·Ҫúϴ衣⼸ǳԼҲܲˡ 
ţӦţָһλ޷ǹѾˣ˵Ҫ£˻ڴء 
޷ǣתû뵽 
룬ԸĴŮλСܰҵķȥһҪú÷ͷСܰЦһӴԼҲ·ˣ̧žߡ 
޷ǰɣ˵ǷʣֻϧȻеȳǹվŲۣһ·ɾʹɷ羰ˡ 
֣һչյüͷòѹȳӣʱұ״ʱɲª 
֣洺磬ôпյˣ 
ߵýˣ´ңɵԾô⸱ģǲǳʲôˣ 
һѾѽ̾˰ˣˣʲôҪ£ 
Ҳͷˡ 
۸ˣЦ֣һ仰˵˿ɱһֱҲ֪Ϊʲôϲ㣬Ͳһ·ˣȻˣѻѡ 
ǣҲʵ̫֣㻹֪ɣǴϲϣһŵľ 
ŶҵĳԾǼٵģ벻ʵﻹ׵ģҵС 
ǧȴΪĲ֪£ֻǲϣһؼ磬ûжġ 
ѽװɵҲûҪ֪׮ҲǲҲϲҪҿҲûؼȥˣֱӰ°˾ͳɡ 
ɣɡҡͷ¶ģ֣ʵͬģһҾͻؼȥ̫ˣϣպУȻʧɫָԵˣǡ 
סҵԲۣǧ˵ʲôĻҲţҲţ⻰ƭ˵ģⱲһûأ˭Ȥ֪±ӵ£ҪؾԼȥ׿˵ҡ 
֣öϳ 
ʲôҲм治֪ǲˣҲò⣺ֲ㣬ֻҪѻ˵ôģɵģǽʹʹ˵ֲӲϹ 
ǣǣͻͨ죬ŴûԴĻֻҡͷ̾ 
ԼݲİɣЦĶ飬ϧѽҪĴĸͬʦˡ 
Ȼͨ죬ͷȴ̧ˮᶨҲṼǵģΣҶͬһ𡣡 
⻰ת飬¿˸ͨ͸˼ȻףˣСڿ׷ӵĵ£Т㩣ţ¡ãƫˮΪǣױһȣһҪˣһһصð鱾ϵᣬһ٣ڼˣȴֲԼȥõ²ǿںɫɫɫͣˣǸӣȴҲÿһһԽ׳һ 
ͬͨƪֻӰһ䡪Թ죬ˡ 
Ҳôˣҵ˽㲻Ǹȥɣʱĸʦǰ¶棬ҿôʰ 
ʲôĺֳˡ 
ɣ̾㻹ңҪҰæҲɣ͵ҵġ 
Ȼҿڷɶɴϲһȫְš 
Ȳûظˣȥͽȥ죬Ҹǰѻ˵ס 
á 
ȵö㣬ƢƽʱºͣʮͷţҲϲǵ̸̸ͬ˵ 
á 
ˣ̾ôô鷳£ȥٰλ޹͵鷿ȥˮպôȥϴһѡ 
Ȼ˵Сܰҹ˻ȥ⼸ȫɶʵҪӹÿɻǼѡ 
ſǰŵʹۣңûιȥ 
ҵĺүɥʣ⼸㶼ȥˣĪǱ˴ˣ 
ٷϻЦˮ·Ҫúϴ衣⼸ǳԼҲܲˡ 
ţӦţָһλ޷ǹѾˣ˵Ҫ£˻ڴء 
޷ǣתû뵽 
룬ԸĴŮλСܰҵķȥһҪú÷ͷСܰЦһӴԼҲ·ˣ̧žߡ 
޷ǰɣ˵ǷʣֻϧȻеȳǹվŲۣһ·ɾʹɷ羰ˡ 
֣һչյüͷòѹȳӣʱұ״ʱɲª 
֣洺磬ôпյˣ 
ߵýˣ´ңɵԾô⸱ģǲǳʲôˣ 
һѾѽ̾˰ˣˣʲôҪ£ 
Ҳͷˡ 
۸ˣЦ֣һ仰˵˿ɱһֱҲ֪Ϊʲôϲ㣬Ͳһ·ˣȻˣѻѡ 
ǣҲʵ̫֣㻹֪ɣǴϲϣһŵľ 
ŶҵĳԾǼٵģ벻ʵﻹ׵ģҵС 
ǧȴΪĲ֪£ֻǲϣһؼ磬ûжġ 
ѽװɵҲûҪ֪׮ҲǲҲϲҪҿҲûؼȥˣֱӰ°˾ͳɡ 
ɣɡҡͷ¶ģ֣ʵͬģһҾͻؼȥ̫ˣϣպУȻʧɫָԵˣǡ 
סҵԲۣǧ˵ʲôĻҲţҲţ⻰ƭ˵ģⱲһûأ˭Ȥ֪±ӵ£ҪؾԼȥ׿˵ҡ 
֣öϳ 
ʲôҲм治֪ǲˣҲò⣺ֲ㣬ֻҪѻôģɵģǽʹʹ˵ֲӲϹ 
ǣǣͻͨ죬ŴûԴĻֻҡͷ̾ 
ԼݲİɣЦĶ飬ϧѽҪĴĸͬʦˡ 
Ȼͨ죬ͷȴ̧ˮᶨҲṼǵģΣҶͬһ𡣡 
⻰ת飬¿˸ͨ͸˼ȻףˣСڿ׷ӵĵ£Т㩣ţ¡ãƫˮΪǣױһȣһҪˣһһصð鱾ϵᣬһ٣ڼˣȴֲԼȥõ²ǿںɫɫɫͣˣǸӣȴҲÿһһԽ׳һ 
ͬͨƪֻӰһ䡪Թ죬ˡ 
Ҳôˣҵ˽㲻Ǹȥɣʱĸʦǰ¶棬ҿôʰ 
ʲôĺֳˡ 
ɣ̾㻹ңҪҰæҲɣ͵ҵġ 
Ȼҿڷɶɴϲһȫְš 
Ȳûظˣȥͽȥ죬Ҹѻ˵ס 
á 
ȵö㣬ƢƽʱºͣʮͷţҲϲǵ̸̸ͬף˵ 
á 
ˣ̾ôô鷳£ȥٰλ޹͵鷿ȥˮպôҵȥϴһѡ 

ڣȥһֻͣ˲ֹʮ˲ӲǣűˬŽţڴõ 
ҲδţƵЦع⼸ȥˣҶΪʧء 
ҺٺٵЦţӭüŪ۵ЦʲôҰСܰһ 
Сܰ棺ǲϴ˵ҪȢһôѽ 
ʵʣҶһһʮѾӻһβŲһɹ˵ҪʱЦôվȤЦûʱҲûбķӣҪңҲôɡ 
ȻҲЦ޷İ·ȴͬ;˵гɾ͸Уᾪҵоٶ 
ôСܰʣ׼ôѽӶˣ 
ȻǣҲţȢˡ 
ŶҲ棺Ҳ湻ģܾжɣ׼ˣ 
ȥģƴÿСܰʺҵģѵûôϲңҲʱ᲻һңԼʱȴҲŮӣ֡ҳϡõѡ񡣡 
Ŷ 
Ҳ֪ҵĴһҶѲ˹ٳˣҰﰵӿмǿԼյģÿʹ߻ۣ˼ҵȻҪһ㣬Ҹε죬Сܰͺܲ 
ԭȢΪûļϲ㡣ˡ 
ʵҲϲϲҸȥ˵˵ÿ˶ԼļƣûɵӣļԶӲҵ۾Ҹ˵ʹļҲΪҪҺûҪҶá 
Ҳԣҡͷ淳ɸҲҪļƣԭ̫ 
ò಻أ̾һ˾ͻﵽ㲱ʱԿĻԼеõȳ˿ƣ׼е鱾ǱƳģãûк֮ǣʲô£˵ȥ־ȱҲȱ㣬㲻֪һա 
ôȤ˵ú޳⣺ôڵô죬һ߰ɡòԣ 
ҽסʲô֪һлˣãǾ˵޷ǽ⣬һҪˣ˵ףһͬһġ 
ͣסңɫ죬ŻתϻҴûı飬䵭ģܺãҲһղҾ֪޷ҪߵˣҲҲԭҲҪ̸̸ɣܺãʲô˵ѽ 
ұӸܣСѾͷƽʱʲô鶼棬Ҫ˽ڹϣǼһĿȻϲ޷ˡ 
˵ҲҪȰ㣬Ǵˣʲô鶼壬Ҳô仰ף͸ѣû޷ĺһǸʲôӣ 
ⲻҪǿûҰ첻£һһῪĵġ 
Ǻ˵ߣ˽޷ô֪ԭǸʲôˣ˵ԭϷӲҪǮҪɫʱҲԲҪκ²ܳνĵȥȢ㣬ʹһӡ 
ҿȰȥúȰ 
Σˣ򲻻һ£㲻飬ƶ飬鱾Щǻƶ޷ǾǽϵĵĻɳҲûа첻£Ǹˣ㲻̫üˡ 
а취ģŭĿңȼŻ棺Ϊʲô趼ô˵ʱҲ˵һӲʲô鶼⣬Ҫұ̫ˣҲô˵ǶǼðɣҾǴûԹ࣬ҪʲôʲôһҪôȥǿøۺ졣 
޷ңҪ棬ߣϲϲҡ 
ҲˣǵһΣȻҷãҲȥˣһ˦֣žضϡ 
ʲôϵô 
һۣ졣 
˵Ҽ㣬ԣھ㣬Ц޷ǽǲܹԹԸߵģԼҲ֪㣬ֽŰ˴ȥѿءһָҩǸöҩô 
߹ȥҩ򿪣򿪺ǵУģ磬ʲô¶㵽׵ģھ鷿ȻͰҩ˸䶼׼ˣ㲻Ҫõ𣬺ãҳġ 
ԲԲؿҰѲֶˮ˺ǣ˻ΣŶ˶طŵǰ 
㲻˴ǿӲЩҪ۽ĵĹ㻹øѧЦʲôòõҶνǰ㵱ԼӣһһΪ㣬ϣһȻߣαصҵȥϲҲֶΣֻҪﵽĿģһ·߶Ҫ 
סǺ裬Ц˳ǹôƭҵİɣǰҩ϶Ǽٵģ㲻ǽһ 
̾Ů̫ˣʱҲһǺ£ҩ˸˿Ц˵ˣһƭô˵زҩʲôã޷ǾǰҲֻ·ߣҸʲôҪ滨Уôƭ 
ҧŴǲò⡣ 
ǶСˣ۽޷ȴӣϲĲǸӣӲԵƢΪһȥΪֵô 
ֻõ죺ҴûôҪõһˡ 
޷ֻһˣ޷ֻ㱾£һ˵ţһҲЦ˵֣ڻﵹ˳ǸͨˣҲСˣʲô¶ҪΪǵģ̫ƾˡ 
ǺܾãߡһȻ˹ȥƫתЦ͹ȥɱ͵͵Ӵ 
23 
ͦذ׵߳ȥ£ҿɱûֻǷ㶣ԭ׼һ£˭֪ӲƢˣ·Ƶգʹ˾С 
Ĺĵһᣬһ޼ɵ߳ȥ㺦ˣ޷δػ̤صظߣĿܣ߶Ծ

Ҿֱ鷿һ·ǶȥſͣסóȻﴳŷ죬͵͵ز鿴 
鷿У޷Ǳ˫֣ݳһǽڣ䲻ִֹìܵʹ࣬ٹȥЩԶվҲ棬ȫͬƽصĻóﰲÿ£ԹۣҲ䡣 
ãڣʱ飬ȴֻ·ɵС񣬻صڿķѵô飬ҲԸͷһۣ 
޷ǽüҧȲϻͷҲԸش 
ãҲǿ㣬ԼߵǰҾͲܶӶ 
޷ǵȻԱۣ̾һ 
ؿƹ£Ƥͻͻؿ΢΢Ȼ鼤ǣ¶ģ˵ʲôҲҪĮӲˡ 
ܺãˣԭˣʯĳһ˵һ߻ҵһμᣬǾӨ¶ˮһعֻͷʹԭΪӻ˵ͷͷǵ˭֪ȴֻĬĬᡣ 
޷ȻۣҲе죬Ķϲ˺飬ȴƴȫҲۿֻʱһۣ˵񶯵Ļ 
һνסľʯ֮ż鷿Уһһȴᡣ 
ճյؿڻʯڴ˿̣޷ǵĶΪȴַӵ۹۱ǣǹģȫԼĸд 
ڣת˿ȥһ뿪޷ۣصһ 
ҾһɣѴֻҪĲϣԥȻһҪߣͬҺȱܻǿ԰ɣһˣѵҲԸӦң 
޷ǾţˣĬĬص˵ͷܾ 
ּᶨסǳǳأڶֻע룬һ룬Ҫ£ڣֶ˸ 
ﻹᣬһѽӵ˹ȥȴ߲ⱭҲи 
޷ǵͷҿۣ߽ȥһξ룬ֽӹӣǲԸȥֻűӣʣⱭ裬ߣ 
ǣⱭ裬Զˡ 
ã̶ӵߣҵһᵽڣʱǸҳȥˣǣҵ˫ȴ񱻶Ӷ˵ϣǿɬʹҴֲҧأҲģͻ᲻ôʹģֻҪˣʮ޷ʲô 
Ҳ޷ȴͣסˣղŵǾ仰ʹԶ棿룬̾ǲҪĺáѴ˲豭 
Ȼֹס 
޷ǶסԲҿֻĲ豭ﻹʲôҪ˵ 
ûʲôʧǵؿȣ㣬 
޷ỳɣֶ˱͡ 
ŵߣմϲˮ˰س˹ȥ֡žشڱϣӷ˳ȥǽϣˮһȣʹ޳ȣ󱿵 
޷ȫסɵɵؿ£죬ԳԵôˣ 
޵Ƹӣȥƴʹôô 
ޣѽ޷ҲˣŬסļ磬ֹס趯ֱۣһĵǱԲǶԲ𡣡Ҳϧֻ˵Բ𡣡 
⻰Ҳû˵꣬ʹ˫ۣ˫ֽסգӭϣƴ˱ 
޷һɵ˼ڣžѹŭòףһƿ߿ų˳ 
ҿٱܵһ࣬ЩҵϣۼײײǶȥæ鷿 
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Ϊʲô޸ûиõİ취ˣ 
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Сĵؿһ£ãûֵˣֻõǽǣ㿴ˣҲ񸱷ùĻһôҲûˡ 
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˵ĭĽʹţһشͷϣҡ໡һһͷ 
˵ûң㶮Ȱˣ 
ͷʹȴģظԭģˡ 
úӣҺ㳤ôƯ־֣Ժ˶ˣһ㲻ǷģԼˣ˺ͻҵĻˡ 
֪ˣֻ̾ѹôҵòĶ 
ĶˣҲ̾ô㻹Ǻõģ޷Ǹƭƭɫģɲģ˽㣬㻹Ǹˣ˿Ů˺ܶ࣬пҴȥ⣬µЩŮӲпأ󲿷ֻƯ˵Ŀ 
˵ˣϸһԭҲˣԳ˯˹ȥ 
ŵվҲ˯ˣΪţ߳䣬涳˾һˬ˫ۣȴԺվһˡ 
¹һֵĴ磬ͷϰŲŲҲתһ˫۾纣ˮտ 
죬ҳԾУй 
꣬ŮһѴܵߣһסҵ죬Сľ 
ĻӲԭˡҶŮġ 
Ҹط̸̸Ӳ 
Сҵͷһ·鷿 
ϵƣתͷϸϸʱѽͷϵĲһͷ㷢ǳǳĹ󣬾Ǻɫġ 
ҵ죬ҷˣ̲סȥͷֵɫִ飬Թԣ˵Ӵ˾ʲôУ¾ȻŮˡ 
Ƶŭһʹ˳ȥˣôôӣᡣ 
ǧᣬҿЦĵ飬Ҳ£˵ѣ 
ʹŮɫǷһ·ġ 
ôĿЦôû˼ҳѽôģ 
һҾ͸ںˣһۣ۲һˮһ·չˣҴͨĹؽڣЩڹҶͨˣ㡣 
ŶЦˣô˵һʼʵͲԼģĸܳģ 
ǣͷ˵ûмҪѧ㶫 
治ҵͷְôǶǰźõģʲôˣѽ֪֪Ϊ˱˶˶ٿࣿ 
Բ𣬡Щ˼ⶼķԸҲǰµģ 
ߣ˵ԭҲôװǻƣԭϰյˣ֪ôڣҾͲôˣ֪֪ΪҲ㱻˴ϵ 
Ǹ߹ҪǸ⻰ֵ̧ͷ˵̾ˣôƭˣȲǱԼĸ״ϵ𣿡 
ҺǺЦˣǸʵˡ 
24 
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ѽ΢ЦӨ񣺡ʵҲܲأ˵Ҫԭþˣ¹ԿģҿýЩЩҼǸ޷ҪˣԾҲʱѹˡ 
ţҵͷĹѾɣҲðѴˡ 
ллЩչˣ˸ֵ񣺡ȥѽ㻹ðȰȰ 
ģЦǵĹܴЩŵģҲȥúþʣʲô֣ 
桱𣺡ĸŮ 
Ұ鷿Լ˳˷䣬ʱҹڰûһˡ 
СܰأҼ 
Сܰﲻϸүһ䣬ŮػӲҪҼ˵ķӡ 
ˣһȥһδƽһҲˣж飬ܵһһ 
ڶ죬һôˣ 
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ߣ˵Ҳȥһû湻ء 
û⣬ЦǾס죬湻ߡ 
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ʲôѽתͷңǲǲżôôôصģ㲻մǲˣ 
̾ôô˵ңһתۣСܰͷѱӷǡ 
СܰüЦôˣ⼸컹ȺúϢٻ 
ңҲһֱۣ˳ȥ 
ףʣôôǲ͸ģ 
ϣ͸أЦСͷ۲Ϊĺá 
ʲôҲ˳ȥԺһڽס 
ôңҵȥΪʲôҷȢģţҾϱ͢¾Ͱˡ 
𣬡ˣۿһ죺үǧҺܺãɻòǧȢҡ 
˵ҵʵŹ֣ѵ治޸ңҾôӣ 
Բ𣬡˳үҲܼģҡɱฮԭȥǵһһɣ˭֪үۣӲƭȥҡҼͰһ 
죬׹ŮӣʲôãôҪȥַԭΪӹ˾ 
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⻹Ǻ˵ұ޵ñ᣺治ŮôģһҪַҲˣһĪԱԸѾͷҲԸˣѵ㵹Ը 
ҡͷ 
Ҹ㣬ΪһŹ㣬Ϊ̺ҵģʵҪǲϣǻȥҪ˱ĸȥүүǻ㶯ֶŵģֲûԹ 
⻰ʱ԰һãæְοСܰ룬ʵھֻ⼸·ߣԲԣҪô޸ңҪôҵСţҪôȥַһ·ȥ˵Сţ㾿һ 
ҡ˵ 
Ǽ޸Ұɣ¿ǸѾͷȴǸʣʵͦģԺ»ϵ˻ҵδغù㻹ҪҳԿأ˵⣬ӲŶǲ¸ҳԿ࣬Լȥٻ󣿡 
ˡ 
ⲻͳˣЦ£е죬úõĴڸԼðװֵģΰɡ 
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ѽߡڹԡ 
Сܰһˡ 
ҿЦţعӣ⻰㶮ôҲ֪һѽ 
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ʲô̾ҡҡͷҲƽˡ 
˵ĻѽЦѸСƭתģϧѽһתҪۻĻˡ 
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ߣ˵ɫ׻ 
һߵĺֵţд졣 
ҲŲں۹⣬⻰㵱Сܰ棬һô˵ϣϲʵ˸ûеġ 
Ҳܣ˵⼸ҾסˣСĵ㣬Ҫҿ۸ҲŹ㡣 
ᣬҵܱ֤Ҷûأô۸Ҫúó 
ЦЦ˭˵Сܰ 
׹ҧĿҿûţᶹûأȸϴ̳ˡ 
˵סֿʼ̾鷿д֤飬дһ룬͵͵˽ 
ʲôѽû˿ˣȫҵķծ 
׼ʲôʱȰһȥѽʣֻһµʱ䣬°룬Ƿǵˡ 
ģһüͷһϸǣ취ܻеģģ뵽˻֪ͨġ 
Ӵһߴţһ͵͵ȥˡ 
Ҹ±ôǾͷǵķӡ˰죬ۣ߳ȥ 
ԭʮһӸſǳˮַǷȥػһӭ˳֣ôɣЦУִֹ£˭֪Լˡ 
ǻѽϿţ˽ȥԺ˩Цǲǽòʱ̫йͰɣ 
ӻ΢ЦһҪߵģҲܾû˰ɣҴкȥ 
ӻɫѣһīĹۣ׺ƷĻУμˬңֻ΢΢ͷкˡ 
ôļӴƫ㴵ģôûʶģôһ仰Ҳ˵ˣ
 
 
ҵǳЦСګԣΨһʱ׾һ˵òԣҪǵýֵǰˡ 
ԭΪǼ£Ĳδؿ׾СЩȻǾЦʵôԺãһҲýء 
̻زСĶȱһ䲻ּҵǧ𡣡 
Ƕһһȥ˵ƤЦⲻЦͷˮͷԣ죬λ׽Ѱѵ˶ûȢϣȰѶŮĻ¶ˣ 
ҲӻЦ˺ѵ飬ǲġ 
ϵͷȻȻ֪Ѹʤ֪һء 
ߡһҪǣͿͣȴȥ̫͡ 
վ˳̫ӹ壬𣬻СŰɡ 
һֱ͵ſڣһ·̲סһЦһ׻ȻҲִд󲿷ݵԭȴϷʿ֮ˮݡ 
ôҵСܰˣʣ׼ô 
ҪȢҵȻҾϱ̫ӡ 
ŶԾؿһۣû뵽һѾͷҲ㵹Ƕ 
ȻЦĻҲûɣ۽粻Ҫ̫ˣкܶС㶼ฮأҪʮֵ˲ټλǲܵġ 
ߣҡ 
ʵ֪ϲ֣Ц˾͸ôģôϧƫǸƽ񣬿ֲռҡ 
һۡ 
ҸҲǻ壬ôлң 
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ûлôȡЦĶֲ֣ѵôͨɣȷˣ 
Űɣ嶼ѵ˽ģ 
٣٣Цһ֣СǰһҪ໺֣СܰԭǴฮģ֣ҲҲأ 
Ŷһͬϵ 
ѳѽ̾ϣǶֲ̨ϣǹ֣ϧûнãฮҲŮ죬ԼϼԺҲˣ˵Բԣ 
ǺǺǣЦعˮ㵽ˣãǸӣ㸮̽ãϣʱֲҪʧӴ 
һһֻ̫Ӹʴ߹֣ɲ̫ѽôȥģҪڴϣɲΪѡ 
̫ӷģЦŰСܰͷͷββ˵һ飨ȻʡȻ˵ڸſڴʱЦ裺ˣؿָңϲֶΡ 
ӵģҿЦ˭Ҳһ٣ôŮˣƫƫģһҪȢϧλ£ҪϱЩ׵ġ 
ҲǣʵͷЩǸԱԶݣ˵ҲЩ̨档 
һ⻰̹̫ˡղ̫Ӹ⣬뵽һӣЩݡ 
Σתͷѵǽ廹ϵˣ棿 
̫ӢҵͷһǿҲܱûݺãйڣϣֻ԰æһݣЩִҲˡ 
˼Ȧ˼ΣڣͷҲǸ÷ӡ 
л̫ӣϲ»̫׿ּоͬģּ⣬Ҳӡ 
ԣдּдЦ벻ļ˾ȻǴฮģһǿˣպҪʲôѴҪԼ뿪Щѽ 
ǣǣֱ˻뿪ЩҺֹÿֱҪˡ 
25 
ҹ˸Ұһһʮȫ߸Ĵˣ̹Զõķʽ 
ô˵Ǹ֪˭ˣŭ֪֪ݺܷģʱÿһ˶֪Се˶СģһҲ棬ϲԭΪû֪˭ 
𼱣æȰȥӻ˵ȥģ֪ǹıȻñһúð㱣סܡ 
ңޡЦѽôôԭ˾ϲŵʱ˳һǮƵݣαᡣ 
˵ֱ׳ҾͲˡ 
ΪǮƵĹٲŮ޸㡣صʣѱ˭ҿϰСԿࡣһ룬ּһ䣺ʲôӴȥ޻ء 
ź٣ÿȣΨŮСҲŮӣСˣҶ 
ôô˵̾ѵԼûз޷ߺܻˣȥǲеġ 
ɫһߡһ 
ҵҲǹ㣬鲻ǿ϶ģҲи⼸ԼҲƣСܰҪæŽҪɲͷϣҲӻ˸ƣԼл·ô 
ŶۡһЦ˳ôԣҸ棿СѽҪ˼Сӣ㲻Сһ㷭Ҫ 
һģɫٳûԶѣûԶĵˣǵѣÿΣڷҲѽԶ֮ء 
۲ۣЦһŵ˶ûУɹģӣ漸Ҳˣȥ᲻᣿ 
ᣬЦҪһо涼Ǳ˿ƣҵȻᣬҲڹžأ͢˻ˮԽˣԴˣҹûǵһйϵ·ңôԵı 
ңҲûпŵˣ⻰ҵƨСܰҵˣǴ飬СܰȴʵɿҲеˡ 
ҪȥˣȻɫྫѽϧҲԶģҪҸ򡣡 
ǿдţҵҲԳңʲô飬ҽ˷ɸ봫顣 
ƭˣףЩƭ˵ģ㲻Ǻߡ 
ҰۣŮˣӲ治öԸ 
³˵˴ʵǸһᰮˣһӣᾲģҪǹٳȴ鳡 
ţȥˡ 
߲ٳȴ飬ȻͬһˣԵһ 
ߡ 
νˣھ˾Ͳȥűˣܾʲô鶼ӲԼķۣʲô¶УϧѽһˣҲɲˡ 
ôֲȢСܰԭΪҪ 
ϲСܰһһִҲϲȻΪģǣһ׹ˣŮˣʵǲģҪж٣Ȼǽҵĸһ죬Ҳᡣ 
ĹĵؿҪʵôҾͳ˵ϲ޷ǣɻϲãҪǸˣǵˣĿ޳ϰӣҪģȻ޷ǣɫ޷ǣ㲢˿Ųأ֣һ̣ҪϳȤҲ㡣 
ȴֻеĴ⬣ëš 
㲻Ҫң˵öʵʵеڶ˵˰ӣСѾͷ˺ú˵˵ԼҲ˵ϼ޸޷ǣ㲻ϲԼҲ޷㶼ǸƵĹǣûһǲģλˣҲָ 
µˣںԶԼ޷ӻҲ˵ʲô̸꣬ʲôʧʹģе岻˵ģ˽Ҫͷ˵һ뵽ģԶԱҵòȻʹΪԼʧ޷ǣҲΪԼĶ˽ģԼУҲҪʱ̫ˡ 
˵գҽϲͷβĿ׻ҪȰǵĶӵ˵ɣ鲻Ҫ澡˼䣬ģȴǹٳơ 
ݺݵصң죬Ļ˳㵭ȥҾʱǸͬŮѱģͬӣŮ˵ͨɴ棬ǿö͸ϱԽʡ 
һ˦ˡ 
ӻʱ򣬹ȻǸĵĺ˵ģȴЦݡ 
ҰСܰͬݡ 
Ӵ˺ұ㶼ԼˣԼصͷ̥̣Ƕͨ͸һǻˮһС˼͵Ǽɡ 
Сܰȥӣͷ߲졣 
ʲôȡϸ⣺ɫһ㣬ͨɫգԺ޹ˣ໹Ҫһݷļױ 
ԣӻһŭĿңҺǺǵЦô˵ģҲмˣҲķᣬҲһƤŹ֡ 
֪ʱ󣬴ЦϢ԰˵Ҫ 
ӲĿµӻעĿҿâ 
Ůҵâȴαִ֤ңƾ£ֻһҡ 
һЦÿɷ񣬾ֱ̧ͬ԰ 
ʱѽ԰ѿɺ죬ӳڳڴǰһϣ˼ָȥҵķɵǽЦûůأôֻڴˣ 
ӻ⣬Խظ΢ЦԭɫѤ˵ԭ͸ 
˹ȥͬһ׽ 
ȴҵһЦ 
ҵͷϣףϣÿһˣֻһ⣬òͬ͸һ͸̰ʣŮԹгգ˵˵ףǳϷ 
ڻڵһһķɻڹ쳾ٶҲֻһķ⡣ 
Сܰ棬˳԰ȥ 
ѵҪ޸ӻһ·ϣС̲ܰסʣӦ𣿡 
ҲüȻˣñѩͷĨ죬˽԰ɫȴˣǶжġľڲ飬ǰ㲻ֻЦϷɾ޷һ£¶תۣʼԼҪʲô 
ÿ˶Լĳڣĳƽ֮ģǵҪ¹ʵڣȻǸʮ꣬ңһ̣ȴʧ޷ǵĽ񳯣Ҳб˵ģƩĸףδʱڹܳ裬˸ת븸׵ıλµ˽죬δĳ 
ЦʲôСܰʣЦݣʲôŹ⣿ 
ɵӡҰؿҲ˽ңҲҪ˭˽⣬СܰԭΪһһȻһѣǻӰȴҪһ˫ҳϹذ۾Χߣůͷ 
Ŀɫͷפ֦һΪҶܰϴȥ 
ع治ʶȤعˣӦҪȰȥģΪʲôҪ©ݣ 
̾ӣԼ򱾵˶ġ 
ѽСܰҲ֣ΪʲôҪ飿 
˵˵ôװôֹǼ⣺ƾ̫ôô°ˣҪĸԸؾͷǵõС 
ΪʲôҪô 
ɵӣЦΪҪźѽ 
ͨϡ 
΢ЦʵȻЩӲˣ̫ӵǻָտɴˣ˵һ˼ָҪļҵǧӲأҪȻӦδĴ֮ʱλãˣ˶̫࣬Աȫ룬Сˣӹ֮֮١ 
СܰǸ洿ŮӣҵԸԶô򵥿ɰ 
ôһҲû֣ͦġ 
ûˣҰ˵ͬߵģһߣʲô 
죬ͷˡ 
԰ȥѽҲģںˣеɵۣǲеġ 
תͷֻСܰ۲ϾȻһϲɫɫ糵ձ飬߹һôѽòãҪŻ˼Һ 
գۣ׹ЩôҲڵİɣǰ׽ΪҶԺףŮС۵ģİ˶αòŮӴаȫС 
һЦˣһɺףϴȥСܰǣϲӡ 
ͨ԰һŴţҲ˻ֻ߳ɵĺڻı£㣬ҸõģԸӻҲʱԵˣҲһҲõϣܹõԵĺӣܿܿŪżȴǸң˵һĿǹޡ 
26 
ϣҷС 
ΣЦʣСӻ 
棬һҲ棬ĵģҵݡ 
Ҳô˵̾־ʲôûŮﶼǲģֻдݵļ˲ſԿңĴ 
˵ҡͷҪ֪ںֻΪǹʲôͷ 
ýһ£˵Ů˶ϲеȨˣ˲֪ȡᣬôȨ˵ӻ㲻ˣҲ㶯ģ㲻ǹʱҲ 
ߡȴ˵عҷǱ˺ܶء 
Σ 
ҿӶһһ磬ǲˡ 
ʲôô˵ 
ôм˵ֻⲻܴ죬ҿ㣬Ҳܴˣûӡ 
Ҵס˵ 
ҿ㻹֪ҪȢСܰ޶Ե㻹Щԣ򣬾ˣôԽԽӻ 
˵亹Ҳˣͬӻ;飬ͬ㣬ͬ 
Ҳ˵ѽ飿񲻿 
ҡѣڹٳУֻ⸱ģ 
ǿѽЦô˰㻹õ㣬ٳôˣþٳ 
ѵԸһȥʣҷ߷߲ƽŮ˲˵úĵ׻ϲǮƵģҿٳ˲ɱƴȴΪЩٵŮˣ񡭡 
ʲô˵꣺񱦸ȥԪع뵽ţǼȥûϲ㣬Ѱɡ 
ҳҭסͷŭӿ 
˵Ļ˭˵ԼӿҲǰ㵱ԼĴ磬Ż˵ʵԼաЦһۣȥˡ 
ϣֻЩСܰҲ 
ôˣģҵǰǲﲻˣ 
СܰҿǲǱ˺ܶࣿ 
ûѽḧҵףҵعԶǰǸŹ֣Ӷ磬ĵغܺõĴү 
ҺᣬҲκˡ 
㲻ᣬңҲ㡣 
ߣСС࣬ڴߣعǸ¶ûˣܴĺã㣬Һܸˡ 
ҸжʵҲģļĺѲκˣ˵öԣʧˣһϳƸٽŵıҧס֮׵һȨҫˣֶΣǿһˡ 
ҵͷˣСܰһǰǸƹӣȨƣ᲻ң 
ôʲôʱǸƹôЦôȴģȥַҲҪ㱣ߡ 
ҽסϸ壬ϣôˣҲ̫ˡ 

պ빬Уһۣľ֮硣 
ǵǰӦʲô𣿡΢Цҡ 
ǹһְɡ̾ûˣӻױ⵹أҲɵˡ 
ͷȨ㳯ҰҪ̨µùһʱڡӦ飬˲ʧţһ 
Ŷ 
Ѳ٣ƺҲøˣκβةһְΪҶ࣬˹˾ְ 
ʲôࣿࣿ 
ԣЦˣѵɲǸ⣿ 
ҵͷ໥Ϊǣƣߣģǻϡ 
ʵҹְģͻһЦһְλңٺʲ

ʲôλ 
𸮴ү 
ʲôţΪԼˡ 
ͨˣҲˣ㻹һȥүĺáŬͦأӣǼηԭǰȻµµΪȴǸˡ 
ʲôҼɫ䣺عѵ޴־ˣֻԸֻ֮棿 
ʳ֮»û¡ǫһ䣬ʵ˵ǣʳ֮»ûҪ˵öԣණǲӬǲҪģƫƫڡһˣֻҪתȥֶʧؼֻǣǲԸ 
޷Ǹɵӣȴ˶Է磬ҿɲɵȥˡ 
㡭ȻŭعǲҲһְҪңôĵӡ 
Ȩ֮£ͬ⣬ּۻ۶Ҫ޷ҪأҪ֣ỵ˹ء 
Ŀʩ񣺡̫ 
ĿⴥŭӷȻ𣬻Ҵȥع󵨴ΪȻҵΥϣѺظԺá 
ΪƣΪ꣬ι֮ſ벻ȻÿһڣȴӲҪŹûʵñӣÿһÿһֶ 
һ仰ִ»ϵĺתɸͽ 

ڸУӯӯЦһҰܵɫһҲģǲܲ 
ãҺֺЦ²ˣҶס 
ΪʲôͻȻ뵽ȥײǸ̫ӣôסҪеǰ취ǹİɣ 
ûʲôҲͻȻˡ˵ 
ۣ 
ǣվϣ뵽ԼҪһȥƨһתҪͬӻͻȻܷû£ֻ֡ 
һ˰ˣ 
һ˰ˣǰֻ·߾ǲ¶Դġ 
̫Ӳɱ㣬ҲùЦ֪ô仯ģһġ 
֪ҲҿЦ뵱٣ǾÿԹԭЩͬһ˵ЩˣԭһǸʣ˰ӻ̫ˣһϳﻹĵӺù 
˵㻹ͨˣ׼ȥеӣ 
ǣҵͷ˵ãʵǶ룬ҵҲ㲻͸µлʳʲôԹԹȥģǳ͢ʣǲҡ 
 
˳͢Ϳ԰𣿲ɣ̫ˣúþε̣ҪңҪҰˣĩˣһǸʣԼһĹԭеһжǹ¡ 
ԡ֣˵ 
һֱ̫ˣ̫͸;ҪȨȴֱȨã̾ˣʤ죬ͷģһ˼񡣡 
Ц壺عһϲģȻǸˡ 
ԡҾһ񣺡ԺҪСܰúùӣʲôƨξãһŶˡ 
ô־Ӵһ̤Ц㵹 
̫ӣҳһ֪˼仰 
æʩֿһۣ̱˳ȥ 
㵹ǣЦ˿㣬Ȼڹؼʱҵš 
ҿЦ̧̫̫ˣʵЩٳҲŷԼʵޱϡ 
ߡţƱ磬ôͷ˲ţǲǾòԸӻƽɫʲôҪͬ˵αôһ 
ô˵ԩˣ̾ҵ桭 
ҪͬұȣعˣҪǻûܵ˴ǲеģӻҰ̫ȻԸıֻǣ˷Ųģ㣬ȴʮֵΣ˷ҵ⡣ 
Ŷ̧ͷ˿ĥ⻰ż֡ 
Ҫͬ˵̾˿عҲݣ飬׵ģ˵Ҳͬ⸸׽Ϊʡ 
ߣ˵ 
ʲôˣѵҵ־ĻʵۣҪǸġ 
ӮĺܸӣҵͨȽס 
ң̫ӣ󲿷ֵĹȴϣҲǸˣԹҲΪʲôǲų̸̸̨́ϵĹأ˽£ԿԳԡ 
ңҿЦ㶼ҹˣﻹ˵Щʲô 
ʱԽߣңڵͬ㷢ƢҹΪ֮ǸˣӦÿԸеҵ⡣ 
죬Ұп࣬ʲôʲôҪӻˡ 
࣬ҾͿӻ㲻ϣҾһ· 
Ҫӻʡ 
ЦعƣҶӻĶ֣Ϊ̫͹ԹˣѾſͣͨ¹ؽڣҵ˻˹٣УҽĶ֡ 
Ҫɱֻ 
Ҳɱ΢ЦƥӻǸˣȨһǺʶġ 
Щͷǣצͷǡ 
Ǿɱ¶ѱҪʱ䣬þãʵڲУ㡣 
ҿһۣ̫ӣǸ˷ѵˡ 
ҰȨôңʣ·Ƿ߲ɵģ⵹ҲǸתҿԳ˻ 
ҪʲôʣȻϲȨŮӦɰգҴӦ㣬ˣҷߡ 
ߣߵȥҺЦǸСӣϰߵ˶ˣһƤµġ 
Ҫô죿ü˵ʲôţҲ̫ȶ 
Ҫһλ̧ͷǲųģҾˡ 
ʲôŭʲôã߹㲻ڴ϶ŸɣҪˣ 
ǣλϲģվӸµڶʹ 
ڶʹһҲվʹ򣿡 
ԣЦУ㲻ǲںôҪ㣬Ҳɣ٣ҾʹӦ㡣 
27 
ĵڶ죬ӻҲˣһīĳۣЦݿ䣬Žţҹ֣֣ѽ 
ҿЦֱֹǴα֪ء 
˹٣ЦΪʲôǴѶôѵ̫ӵĶʲθڣ 
Ǻù٣ϧҲ뿴㣬̫ͬ˵ˣûˣҲԿǡ 
̫ӾͲῼˣƶ˲˵ңŻ㣬û㣬Ҳٲ 
ŶкЦȻ 
ʱͻأѽת˻ͷһֻ֬׵İָ·ϣȥ˱իȥ껹˵ǵصĺϻôͬ˵ˡ 
ɲƵĻͷŹ⣬˳˵ƺ񹤱Ͳͬ󤣬ֺûܡ޺ƶ䣬ĵɷİָõʱʱȻǺ 
һЦҲмң˴ţǸʤһġǱիȴһҧ㲻֣ 
֣ҵͷϲΪիѧղͷʲôã 
Ҳ뵽һ׷ʣԭͷи¡ 
Ŷ 
իǰϺţիʱѹ汲ڣھͷ鱦Ǻ绽ָ꣬ϵӣǿʯͷֻҪ˱իҲüǮ 
ͣͣеػ˵顣 
ҲţĹںͷء 
ʮ˿ͣȢ˰˷ϱ߸Ůӣϧֶûһùʮģٵʱûý֣ۿŵļҲҪˣ˵ 
ȡյ裬Ρ 
ҲѽŮûһ۵ģǮʱԼ˼ֻ֣ˣֺԼȳ̫٣ܵĲԶͷȥ˶󲡣ԭġ 
ѽ̾իҲƴ仰ȥ 
ƫƫӲͷԼ˽Ӱ࣬˵ô 
ûЦͷԸԸ⣬ܵҸ۵Ůһڣ⽻ȥ 
Ҫͷأۣиͷֻϲأ 
Ƕ˭Ҳۣϵа취ѡϲãҲֽܶš 
Ц˽ȴǰڳһ֣ĸӶƶˣΪǰòףͷҲѧ˹ԣڷˮûκǰ͸¶ԸǮΪѧ⣬Ҳнʮˣڳ˼ССУСӪ 
ԭΪ㣬ҹЦǸģҲˣӣҪԼҵ룬ѹ˵˼ȥһƻľĹթΪҲݵġ 
ԭҰæģЦҪΪ鶵ȥҡ 
ǿǼʲȡЦеļҲûǧҲаˣһ֣ѵлСܰļױˡ 
㵹ƤŭĿңҲῪۡ 
ǹ°գЦ龩ÿ춼и߰˼ģôôȤּùͺ˵ 
һۣҲһʱпԭʲôиۣۻͣڻӱ濴Ǻ񣬾ԭ򣬾ǱիҪ֣˵¿ɲǧ˿Ƶϣ 
ǧ˿ƣҲľ磬˵˳ͷβ 
ͷءЦȵ紵ݶʱףѾ̫ˡ 
Ҷס죬ЩŪУҷǳ 
ӻǺЦջȥαϣ˳ָմ˲ˮд˸֡ 
ǲģƽǵýмײ輫֪ϲϴȥƣ 
֣Ʈ˸ɫģβһȥ԰ߡ 
ãҶǸֻ֣ɢֻ˵á 

ײǽĶ԰ǵһãȡ˳԰еټš 
ڿĻ԰ӻĵЦˣõطع˶˹˷ŶıԣҿǱǽжɲǰԼصķ͵ǿյغãû˽һĿȻ 
ٷϻҾδǸˮдֳʱѱҲɣӡ̰ 
Ǹ֣ǡڡ 
Ҵǹ٣϶̫Ӳô̺ɡǺЦ̵㵹аգҪҸ㣬ѲǰֵǮˣŲţ 
סͷͻͻ 
̫ӿɲôߵģعһֱû㣬Ǹˣֶ࣬ο죬ڹҰ̫첢Ǽ£ǰһߵúȣѧҲһߴˡ 
ߡ 
Գմ˵Ƥë΢Ц㾿֪٣عҪȨ㻹أѿ̫ӱز׵ذ֣ǲѾ̸ͬĵ׼ôԸң 
ҶҲСңûпӻȻǻȨ·ϵĴ󻼡 
ҵôֵǮˣֻ 
йâһһ˹Ҷߣ͵͵ͬ͢ɲǰģˣϻˣҲ˰ɣĻ·û뵽㣿 
ұ˵üս׵ 
Ǹز¶ˣ⣬ñԶʲôãٺ»һҲãֲʵģʣֱǼԶҩ 
ߣˣסģҲֻˡҲ 
ôֻ֪ס㣿ЦΪרȨֶΣϻʵǸ㣬ŭֲֺ֣̫֮ˣҪġ 
գЦɫôôҪ£㰤Ҳôɡ 
ϣԭ̫ΪͿ㲻Ǹʡ͵ĵƣҲڷء 
ߣŭ¿㣬ʣҵݲֵǮˣôֵֶ͢Ҳڱ䣬׼ʲô 
֣ббһЦڴ˵᣺ǸֱִˣεȴǴʶʱܵǸʲô㵽岻Сһסûкúÿ 
˵һβ԰Щȫ⣬û뵽ԺҲŻ 
볯͢ĵԭǱԣٽǻϽͣö໻ˣһµ̸УΣĵλ䣬ҵĵλҲ䡣 
Ҫ»Ҳɱҡƽ£Ҳˣ 
Ź֣Ц⻰˵úòɣʧعңע⣬һֻǸʡ̸Ϊ֣ڣа㣬ȴǣԶӲѵġ 
ǳȴºСұһǿڵĽϣ񣬵ʣңȴǸ 
ڲ飬ֵҼȻеСɱϾԺ󣬲ʵĶ֣֣볯͢߹ְҼϣôǣ֣Ǹ£Ϊ˳ȥңѵ壿㣬һ̨͵ûصԭȵλȥˣԭĻѾʧЧҲɱ㣬Ҫ㲻ҶеǷӡңϻʵǹģ㣬һ棬ʣŲںǲ˺ء 

ӻ̻ع 
һ·ϣˣʱЦףعϲʵĳУһҡ 
亹乣ؼңΪȥ̯ƣǰ̯ûõģֻȥǵ 
ͻȻţ׺֣عôˣأûͬһ 
ȴףôڸЩӵУ 
ûʲô̾岻ˬһڴҲǲҿʡĲ٣ʹˣǸʱˡ 
Ҳӻ̧۴Ȼɫǰ󣬵ȷ˾̬ 
ĵִЩڣϸȻпԣȴûңⱾǸεݣҲѶ 
ôˣ棺ôǲ£ 
ûʲôæΪ裬Сĵһ߷ţԭ˵ϾЩֻ꣬ŶײȻûúþˮТġ 
⣺Щۿ㳤ͦ죬²٣ˡ 
ףǿЦҪȢˣǸСܰĸӣ⣬һϸͬĸ׶˲밲ġ 
ã̾Ҳ˵ˣмͣ䶨ݣȻǾ˵£͸ÿЩˣĸҪӡ 
ǣӦţҲû뵽Ӽ׮°ɣǲ֪ĺã治Ū帣ҵͷһѹ 
عĸ˱һӭס֣ôôòһһ٣ЩʲôأǾԶٷ 
⻰ܵЦԭ˻ؼҳԷʲô¶ģⵥĸסұ磬ҿ 
ǺһߵĸѾڳϸףҡͷòײż˵ϢҪȰԭˣȻˣȻǳ˷ߣʲô 
ҷһ·Ц˵أȵƵʱ֣ڻˡ 
̫ˣĸ׸˵ӣƽղ¾ǸæûӰȻȫ˸룬ϽǿǸԲˡ 
ҵͷ磬ˡ 
һ΢Цţһ濴Сһͣվһ𿴲ף棬һģ벻Ҳ˼ֶΣһȻˣȵȴǹٳŪȨŪȨʹʹҲһûš 
ǰ꣬ھͳͬһߣЦôЩƣָ߳˴ 
ǳñͲĸһһֿһͬ˵أҵĶӾòãԺϱҲҪò绨ġ 
ǵģҰСܰҲͬ˵ˣп㿴ⲻ

⣬ĸ׺ϲ£عˣ϶ˡ 
Цݵػعͷȥһ˶ϲֻڵɫЩӻ˵öԣ̨湦Ƿ統̫ӡ 
ڣüǲǿߵÿһǾץѽӴϣļǳԲȶġ 
28 
ȲܾĸΪµģϾ͸㵽⣬һĸײ֪ҵ£벻ҵĴҲ鲻ҵмһٷеʳسţθʹ 
ȥҩ裬ĸ״СֵؽУⲡһϲ˸ģôСģ 
ëˣüϲںЦԼʱȵļưɡĸףæˣͻȥݸˮ裬һ棬׼á 
ǲˣŸ׵ظ֣㱻ӭһڽġ 
ӳ¶Цȥأ 
ϳǹūˣ˲¶ЦүĺЩΣЩ˷ܣСľͲ֡ 
Ұһ̵̵ۣһ 
һöвӻҲ档 
ߣ˵ʲôʱߵôˣҪϲ£Ҫлҵġ 
ڵƣ˳ҿнˣһֻˮ 
൹ɣЦ󷽷ң͵͵˽ᣬ˭Ҳϲġ 
ЦУѻ˴ɫɽĳۣǵ׺Űɫ÷Σ˼¶ѩ£Ե÷ԳΡ 
൱潲£ұߴЦѵҹʱ㶼Ҫϸװ磬ֻų̫Сĩղ֡ 
ҲҽѽžƣĹؼһ̣Ҫųȥߺһѡ 
һҲӴҵθʹƿƱڳа̫ӼλǴѶҪ֣ͬôס 
˵滰ͷԶֻҪһ˿ϣһ˿ʤ㡣 
һɣͻȻڣȥģۣãƾ³Է 
ƾҲǱ£ӻΪȻϲƣʲôΣֶβŻôࡣǻˣԭҪʤһ 
عɫҿ̸ͬٳûһӵѣ˵һ䣬ǵ֣ڣҼһϣǾҪ˵ʵ 
Ҿһͬ˵ʹ졣 
̫ӼȻϵŭ϶⣬ϣҿ㣬˽䱸֮ġ 
ԡ 
ûаѾļƲ߶˵ 
ûС 
ôᣬţ˵ʵô 
ûУҿЦû뵽Ʋߣ½ңԼ롣ҿһۣҪҪ㡣 
ߡ˵ˣҵԸҪ 
в̲סˣÿ˶ô˻ʵۣҲĲˡ 
㶮ʲôӻ˵£Ůٹܡ 
٣ 
ããáæǰˣһԩңһ֣ҵθʹˡθֱü 
ôˣģﲻˣ 
θʹɣӻЦǹٳ˵ͨⲡ˹ٵ 
񾭲ࣺǲʹ𣿡 
ұӻѵ˹ٵһѲôӻû磿ЩҲ׬ùˣΪʲôȥ̫ӲҪ 
ҪҪҵĲţعʱٱȵӺò˶٣ţͱ 
ǺǣЦѵ˵ֻȻзζҪӣԹͷơ 
˵ʲôŭˣû뷽跨ͨϻģ˴˻ѼƲ߶˲ǡ 
ҲƲߣѰ졣 
ͬʲôʣҪæ⻬ͷ᲻˻ԼıҪʲô 
ڶʹҿЦǹٳˣʲôҲۡ 
ƹ٣Цˣ֮󼪣ܵȥУִԭĹ涼⣬ϧ㲻֪λµģͷܣ㻹֪ɣһνڶʹ˷ĴĮУУǴ 
Ŷ 
һ죬򶼻عҹ糾Աһѳѣ˭Ҳȥ 
ߣ˵ 
ǰʹ¥ʫȥôǵµϵ 
һʱĬӣԿӻ۹ػ˹ͷһѿڵУ߲ͨ 
֪˵ʲô΢Ц֪߽عҲ 
̫Ӹzǲ̨ˣҳвǹգ乬ֽʵ£Ҫ֣ȥ 
ҲҾϲأԾŻǣѵ˾·Ҫ̥ǣ͸ʹ 
мְգɣǲڴ֮ˣ˶ֽȥʻûв鵽 
ֻ֪ҹſͣȴ֪Ǳ󣬹вҵص㣬ֻҪ̫Ͷһ˵ⰸӾٷ 
廹ϵˣҴֳ̾һӻҷˣԭء 
ڽתʮȦͬһظ³ʱӻͷ̫ӣǸˣ֪ıԣ̨Ҿƽˡ˵⻰ɶԣ 
Ҳ˵θʹ絶ʣСܰŽ˷ڴϣ 
Ǳңͬ˵Ƕҡ 
ǣȰң֪ǶǺˣЩˣֻȨعûãʵڲУһȥɱ̫ӣɱͲôˡ 
ӣѹҼǧɵˣҲûõġ 
ϣôôܰⳡعβܹǵӣ 
ܵģһܣ⻬ĳҿʼΪʲôһҪȢӣ˼ңͻصλȥ뾡취ˣģû߲ȥ· 

ڶһ磬ʱңУֻпЦһղ꣬Ǳַݷãֱżơ 
ӻˣŹ⣬˵ʲô 
ҿһۣ⸮︮ⶼˣͬװɵ 
˵ûл֮ͬĽ֣Ц 
˵ôӦҵɣֻ 
ڶʹѽزסĻϲҾ̸ģԽˣѾӣλʽ̸ңԼ̫ϻʣȥʽǻգּ㡣 
ôϲˡʩЦ¸£͸øĳƻˡ 
󣺡ع㿴ˣ½һپ󡭡 
϶Цһûȥ׳־ָǬֻˣԶ׽վӻ˵û˹ٳͱٳ㾫ܸɵҽͷöοôεݣԲҪҲҪȨȴҪɣ´ڸ﹩ͣڴĮ 
ּңǲҲּңҲ䲻ȣͻһ䡣 
ʲôһ㶣㲻ңٵ㣿 
ҪһƵı֤ҵ黢⻰ɲ㣬ڻλϣѣʱƲƣҾҪԱ 
סң죬ŵҿдּפ򣬾ص 
ּһ£һеʲô£һ仰Ҿ͵ûЦΪ򻹲ס 
ҪʲôŭˣҲ̫ˡ 
ҪּƣЦּƣҿԿּ 
飬ҡͷûֹصġ 
˶ģ㿪ͷˡ 
ĬҲ֪ͷһжԺѱеڶ֡ 
ʵ㲻ʲôﻹҪοҲһз¶صңƷҲǷţѵ㻹Ǻң 
áһҧҸ㣬ҪΪʳŵˡ 
㲻ǵģϲЦտȥ˵ʵıؽ֮ѣľϰյĸ 
ǧ򴩣ƨȻԲ㡰šһǣϻô飬׼ʲôʱ죿 
ڵǻ죬Цģһ鶼⼸Ҳʧ˳裬뷨跨ңһǻػʱ׽ѱҲ١ 
áͷ࣬㲻ܳ˾ȥһ̨ͿʽΣһһȥڡ 
ǻΪ֤ˡ 

һȥ԰ӻ˵öԣҪ˵Ļ͵Ƭյϡ 
ʲô֣ɫôŹ֡ 
仰Ҫʵشˡ 
á 
ǷϲӻҽЩߵôǷģ 
һ㡱 
ôô˵ɣҪǰ᲻־ 
Ҫˣң㻹׼ʣ 
ļƲںңЦ˵ף̫Ӹz˰ͿԴ̫ƽֲɣ׮һҿɲԴ⣬˲һ̫ӣ󲻰ٿѱ硣 
ѵӻ㣿֡ 
δأЦ׳͢˵ģϻֲɵӣֻҪһſڣܰӷûҾǵһˡʱ̫ӸzѩԩȴҪϸС˵ҪǷҲһ 
׼ˣ̾Щˣȷ黹죬һɾͻˡ 
ءһǾ仰ӻǸˣ޷ǺöˣҪ˵ģβԼ·һ˿ģҾ뷨ӰһŪȥҲ 
룬Ҳü˻㲻Ҳ׼̫ 
ǾǲϲҵͷҲãҾͺðˡ 
Ҫѽô˵ԴҲ¡ 
ͲҵԴˣҲǵϵǸأôǸ࣬ĺãֻᱻչ٣ûģôܰˣ 
ʲôףһۣҲǲ뿴ˣҪ£ҵһġ 
á̹ˣ̾¿Ƕ˶ţôȻƵ¿ˣǾҪһǣҪ͵ʤģԺ飬һһա 
Ҳӻ˵еҲŹңǣϵ鱾ǧ򻯣ǽе忴̫棬мܻȥ 
ˣԭǳϦۣܱƣɾӮء 
29 
ö⣬ҲһɱӦӻʣһ߰װڶʹǵˡ 
£ȥĸ˵һ߳ɣ޼ܶ࿴ҲǺõġ 
عѽĸסҵ֣ЩΪʲôңǿҪ׵ˣµö֪࣬ϧĸס˰ɣһűء 
ѣҵͷ΢ЦĸףģµףǾͳס 
ô죿ԾΪʲôôҪٺúòٰһ°ɣ 
ã̲סҪЦฮִ󷽣ô죬׮µųʧӡ 
ҪףӻҲһʲôʱ򲻺ð죬ƫôҪͷ㰲ʲôѽ 
ѹεģҪͬʵ˵ô̫ӵ˻ֻ˵ӣʻĺá 
СˣŭúþһʣӯϷŹ 
Ҳ£ýɽɽлҶأ˺˵Լɽ񺣵ģ˵һӾͻţҪúôҪ硣 
Ұ죬һӣȥױˡ 
⻰ɶ滰ȴֶ£ĲƲ˹٣ȡûˡ 
ֻصСܰĸ׿ȻҪˣͲסҸǽĸ׿űȽϺá˵òԭǸзȥฮˣҲģӻֽš 
ĸײ⣬ֻϲ⣬Сִܰͷţúӣ֪ôźãǧҪҪʲôֻܿڣҪŮأԺع۸㣬ңһ 
أʼڹʵ⵹ҲǹΪ㸸ĸ׺ͿСܴܰһԭҪ鿴ڵмʱڣҲùɣע⵽ÿúһҳʱۼͬһ˽ 
磬һȥˣ 
΢ЦҲɣôôæ˵Ҫ游׳еҲҪעԼ塣 
ӦˣЩš 
۽Ǻˣú֣һѰܲ͸磬ë𣬿峤࣬ڽڰһ˫۾Ź⣬Ҳڴҡ 
ڣһͬԣϵģҪԼ뿪Щ绹Ǿ仰ļԲȶԲҲˣȥ 
ǣллģȥ˸ 
ſڣҳ̾һԼֵʲôãѪδŨˮ㣬ˡ 

תۼǴ֮գһһˣʱ¸ոպã̫ӸฮңѵСɽʲô解ɺ䣬ʯͷฮ磬羫ɵ顣 
Һ⣬ӻ۹ģȴҪ̱˵իѾĳҲ˰ɣǲ֮һأ 
ŭĿҡ 
᲻ѽЦһˣкôʹͨͨڣֻôˣߵýôºأ 
ٿЦҶߵ͵͵ĵ¿ǵô㵽ϻô˵ 
ģҲסͷ׮翼Ǻˣʱ̫ϵ˵ 
ˣͷЦһ£ǲͷģ֪㹲֣ͬ˵ȿڣҪҰ֣ҲԼ޷źãҲģҾ֮֮Լš 
˵ѽ̾һˣôôԹ״ɹĵģһȥ 
Ҳ㲻أ洺磬ɱ磬һǺаյģ۵ʲôʱܻа취Բ˵ 
ۼ˹ס죬ʩ񣺡ˣСˣЩõޣȥô 
ҵҲЦݿ䣺Щױฮù棬ӻȻܸɵһˡֻعңʱ쵽ϸ£ʲô 
ҡŶæȥ·ںſڣ⡣ 
عңҲ 
ӴЦϡͣϡͣþòЩ㻹ô 
øƨͻȻǴڼͻȻˣҲûӰҪϲһΪأǿһϣҲǲġ 
ӴЦʩ񣺡ѣǴҲ£ǧ֡ŮרŵİᣬҪȥ 
ʲôҲأ̧ˣͬһȥϲ 
æסѹȥܲײɣ 
ʱסȻû˵ 
ô̾Ĳûȥ⣬ԣǲȥĺá 
˭˭Ȧֺˣ̾ϴ¥ԼͣͬкҲǲǵģ˾ߣֲŮˣһڲߴçӣϣˡ 
ʲôͻȻģʲôˣôȥ¥ֵطǲĳ 
˭֪ЦһëƤӣðҲģ˿ᡣ 
ס⻰ˡ 
ôңԾʲôطô 
û£ֻѣҧû£ղܵüˣеƣ㻹ȥŮ췿ɡ 
˰죬Ӳģˡ̾ˣҲˣ۲ΪɣҲˡȥˡ 
ֻðǣ۲ΪȴܣһУһƤ°أ˵಻ɳӣҪ벻һɳӣǱ۲ʡġ

ѣӵã˾ǳ񣬸ĸ˫ҲһߣᣬѾȫû£ϾľͷˣҲǲֵģһƬУݡϲ衢ͷǣɡ 
Ҫ붴Ȼſ붯ԭ̫Ӽݵһƽ£Ц˽ 
е˶ʩδʽǻУǻʵۡ 
ĸһͬǰӭݣ̫ԣٷ㣬ֹ˷壬￴óĹĶǣթ 
̫Ӵ͵飬ý̻ƾʢţѰСɢӨӨ΢⣬һͨߵĤݣعλ 
ȻվһϣʡڡӻǸֲ٣ӻ̸Цվšֵָ̫˵һֻԵӲЩĿɬÿһʱ䣬۽ǻᴩȺĿ̽Թۣپϲ⣬סһĻ䣬գգգһٳʲôĶɼļ⡣ 
òױ˶ĺֳ˽ơӵ˲ӵȥڷ 
̶̰죬ȴнƣ֮Уԣ½Ӳ 
عôˣСܰңΪңǲˣѵθʹˣ 
Сܰҳ̾һû˵ʲô£ԼҲû˵ 
Щ˯ɣ΢Ϊҿ£̺ô˯¡ůıȴڷ棬ôҲֹסһĺ 
ع㵽ôˣǲˣ 
ҵĺܿգҵ͵ͬ߿ࣺûôƱϣۿΨһŵǸҲҪˣھĸо 
ع̾ϢΪʲôҪôأʲô˵ѽֻҪһ𣬹ôعҪ̫ˡ 
Կο£ڽֹͣҪǰĺᱬƻ˿ܣᣬЩĳ˯ȥ 

λʮˣգһ졣 
ʱ޿ޣе÷ǳ˳ʱ̣ұʱٹȫڵ⣬һɫۣɷڵõС 
·٣ߵȶʱѾСܰʰðϵңֻǣ֪һȣδܵȵõˡ 
ع洺磬ϲ󣺡ΪҪְ 
æͷлʱһƬƽӻδ֣ȵλҪ 
һһл¹ʥּźعּ 
ҴϲŸҪ˵ּ 
ȴ˴һʣӻ˭ 
׿ӻ˵ãιʶĿʤ֬ɫϣʼнߵĺİ磬øɫ˵࣬±䣬ɫС 
ͬһģ̫ϻͬһ¡״͵ԭ̫Ӹz 
ô£ɫȴˣȵʲô飬Ȼҵ񣿡һָzΪû޵ּ⣬˭Ұų 
ŵ̫ϻһݣڵϽˣܱ̾ԭ̫ӸzǱݼ޻ŴеѴ±ˮʯѷģⳡ಻ܼȥ 
˻ϵ¶ʱһƬੵԱͷԣһȴףⳡսܴ졣 
˵ྪŭˣźȳڣ̷ֲףԾ̫Ӳֻõʶһʱŭ븸ˡ 
ˣ̫ϻҲǳݣһ֣ձǻʶλ֮ϲԭý壬ʵΣ¹ֵ裬͸ܷڣҲֻൣˡ 
ʶΥǧ鲻ԸˣҲֻҧӿм֪ܱ֮Ϊ˭Ȼ浽˸ʴƾʵݣ븸ʾҲʶһ 
̫ϻʲͷӻ 
ѵࣿԽŭƴסͷаҪzϴԩɷϸһһָҿ 
ңӻԾ΢ЦҲ糣Сô֤֤ʵӸz˿Դ㵵صʣ˦ֻ䣬һת˹ָϣ̫뿴˲Ǹߣ˵ҪӸzѩ 
㣿ʸôˣָۣ⣬ңع㣿 
ȳһʱָסȴֱӲͷƤվգգգȰ̾һˣҪģܻ

30 
Լһǰһֱ̫ϻʣǲмҲѹ֣ۣǵŭ 
⹫ҶĿ⣬ǿ׮ӵġ 
仰˵ÿһƣÿһֶǼѣеĿƹϣâ̱ĸоֱƳ˵⡭ 
³ͻȻһ˴һ޳СˣҵڻڮٻϣֱһȺŭţһֳ齣Ѹײڶ֮ն˹ۼãƴš࣬Ŭ˿ȥ⽣Ͼǳġѱ̫Ӹzҵԣһǣ᳤㣬ֱֱУ˴У͹ؿڵֱ֧ͦͦȥÿҲ֪ǻˡ 
ϵʱûϢһ̫죬ûһܰ۾Ӹz־循ƿһתͷȥעĽ䣬ӻѳߴŵĴеĳ̧֣һΣֱʡ 
Сģ̫ԶҸ޷ǰֹһµ¯Ҳ֣ȥ鼱ͭ¯ߵƫˣ¯ڵĻңһȳɽӻʱĽѻʵ¡ 
ܿһָ࣬ʻѪԥձɶ֣ϧӻ 
СұǸ״ˣ׵Ļ˵⺢ӣûֲ࣬ͦԺ಻ޣһҲûдҹӵɹأƫƢ˼ֽӲʱʱ̫񣬾ϴ´磬Ҳϡ㣬ƽбĶ˳ţοЩ 
⻰ǲӻ˵ģʢװʱȣֱ֮֡ 
ӻ־ƽԸòְͨһʤѰһĻฮר巻ֹüϱȹﻹҪ֣һţǹʶĿݻҲָ 
ұöһȨãǻ˭ʱҲҧܣˣĻ¸ţòڵȱ˸עΣһѸٹ̣ۺʱѳΪеһơ 
ӻԱͷ˿ȥһƫˣڡһֱʵڡ 
Ǵңѻعǰ񿪡 
̫ϻ࣬˼㡣 
ˡӻ̶֣̫ʾȻڴ֮˹ȻɱӣСҲһʱƫ£ŵϣϴ 
Ҿδǰȥ̽ʣۣϲѪˮðѩֽһ̽ϢڻڣԷҪȥϸˣ̤ǿڵ¡ 
⹫ҴУⲻҵ飬Ҳžʣѵû 
ҲдסڵأҲûκζ 
̫ϻĿ࣬ʰǣȣˣˣ⵽ôһ飿 
ϣӻԭ̫ӸzȷǱԩˣع֤ʼ¶ȻָʹɱڣϣСʱ֣˵Ͼ·˻塣 
˵ҼˣһͿ԰˵ˣϣzӦãʲǱԩġ 
ҪƱ磬Цɱ̫ӵĴѱסǿڵ£֤ڴˣߵˣɱzʱѵûƼ 
ҵˣúͨһףɫԣ浹дҳʵ䱻ڵ£ԷеЩСˣڻϵǻ֮£ɱˡ 
ΣӻٿңѰŰɵ̫ϻʣ޹˵ָ֤ȷˣṬλ 
Ȼ̫ϻʶ˴治޴룬ʵڳڰкμ⣿ 
ΨΨŵŵ˸ǰ˵ 
ӻϴ֣վعǸСˣĺʹ棬Ϊ˺޳ſԣǵ£ʲŷࡣ˵䣬ߵǰͷ˵ÿɶҲޣβٺú룬ƺ̫ӵ˵ҲԼһλᡣ 
ŭֻͬʯסá 
ϣȽȹѺȥΣԺҲ١ 
ɣҴ󼱣һȥﻹʵڣԺԺȫˡ 
ȥ̫ϻ棬סףǿҲ뿴ˡ 
ƴԱȥǱߣҲȥ̧ʡܣе˵ӵĵӣƵƣҲмɻףǿƾ֤ûһ˸߳赲˵ 
ӻϿʼЦ⣬֣泯⣬Ƶؿң˵عͬҶ 
ѽߣ۵Ҳ𱯰һֵ̽ˣûϵЦģӻ 

ס֣ȺִһΣ߽࣬ȴŮ 
Ⱥп׷ó·ͨ£ź췢ĺ棬˼ֱؼհϲ⣬˻Ҫǰʴߡ 
Զ죬ȹС̨ףֱ嵽ϣһߴǱһʱסǡ 
£ӻپǽعͬӦһȥ 
˭ңŭȣһ洭һ˫ɨˣСǴԭġ 
̫ϻ̧Ի󲻽ؿˣΪʲôûϱ 
ϱˣҲ裺֪£˵Ҫϱ͢ģѵ»֪ 
ôࡣ 
˵˵ӻŭŮˣҡ 
Һʲôòˣ˼ôѾˣ˭ֻ㣿 
ҼڲͬʱȥʵΡ 
Ҳͬͬʵߣһסһͷ˰죬ŵã˵Ǽιǣֻǻȥˡ 
ãã˵ˮѣôιȥ 
ʲôӻһͷΧȥŮȥ 
ǸңҲִӻȡһңң̫ϻʵϣױźݼģЩƷûдѵԴĹô 
ס֣⻰ã̫ϻʵ˽ӹ飬ٵˣŵͷȻСͬйأϸôΪ죿 
̫ͬԭѣйһ֮һϺӦһѷҲ˻˱ˮϣĴգáŰһ˹ 
áԱڵϣϲЦտУϣ²ѺҪھɣˡ 
ʶˣϾǹ⣬Ȼ̫ϻϲģ̾죡ôŪ˵ߵң 
ϣ´ͷ׮ıһлᣬ̱ʣ治֪ʲô飬Ǳԩġ 
ô̫ϻǲţɱ˸zôҲĿ˴£⻹м٣ 
ҿʣת˫΢⻰϶˵ʡˡ˲Ƕָʹġ 
㵱Ȼϣӻ˭վߣȻţô£Ͳˣ 
ѽϻʵ۶ҲӦѽ 
ʼ亹ҪӣɲһѪˮӿ˿ʹ 
ֻǵɱߣϣʣȷģ˿ȻĹڵϣһҾصģ֪һжǼٵġ 
ҲҵĿ̫ˣ̧ͷңУһĨ 
һۣһǣȴƵ糯ͷԲۣڣ˹ 
ǸˡȻƽ˫۾ȴ쳣һ˫۾ֻոǿ˲Уһ˲䣬ԴԴй˸ͨ 
ԭӻļƻУҲǸӣǣ 
ڹͬڽŵģ¥ӻȾƵһƲߣֶʣҲһӣͷβǲҪz಻ʡ 
ҹڵ£з㣬ϥ¹ʮλӣӸzʶλôܼεֻж¡Ŵ˲£ҲǸʵƽӹ飬ӻʺ͸zµвס 
ϵҪȥѸzᣬ赶ɱˣеƵʵϣΪһ¯ļƲʧһ֣ûɹŽ޶֤ٿĪء 
31 
ϣҴɱˣǸʮ֮ͽ 
죬ӻĻ˵ĵطСˣ̫࣬˵һ䡣 
šҵ͸ľо֣ҪԿѲðգֱǲǣûеڶ·ѡ񣺡ҡС֤ݡ 
һкǱȴЦ֤ݣʲô֤ݣ 
Ҳֻ̫ϻʣ⹫ô϶̫ʻᵱɱˣڣûɱ˵ңΪʲôᱻڵأǸ˵ȴң⣬ָֻŵ˵ 
⡭ס˵ 
һҥԣҼ˵ʮΣȻ״ԪвţҲ̫̫˲˵ΪǻĹ⣬ԭһֱţռŴ⻰мֵġ 
⻰˵꣬ЪЪȻһƬ۷׷ס 
˵̫ϻʼŭʲôҥԣعôĵӡ 
ѵǣҵǲҪˣȰѳסҪ¶ӻռȷ磺ǻϵӣһδϾͲۣҪ׷Ҳ⡣ 
ȻӦ̲ܹͣȻǸֱʵηȨƣæ˵ˡ 
ѪǣµǻĻϣ¾ɱ˻ӸzȻ⡣࣬顣 
ðɣ£̫ϻûͷֻӻ˫ֵذס 
ʣ˵ô 
ãѱǷòܰ˿ڣֹסѪˮӿ 
ϣ֤ġ˵¥ͬһ֤ 
һŮĻҲţӻ˭֪ͬŮ˽ǳۻطŮȻ̰Ǯġ 
ǲǣһʿ֪ҵҲǸշģûӴֻҪɡ 
ãȥˡ 
¥ϰ壬ҲӦ֪¡ּһ䣺ԴȥԷҫˡ 
ãȥһ 
ʱ˻ر¥õ¥ϰ壬ǰͻȻڼңʬ 
ҳӻЦֽţȴǰΪʲôɱ⣿ѵǮƽ 
תۼ䣬˵ڵϣЩҡ 
⣬ҵǰҸкϲ˵ͬһ¥ȾƣҲӦд¡ 
ѽ֣̲ס˿ӻôˣ 
ӻ㡭 
ʲôѽ̴ͬ˵˻ֹЦǲѻϣһǧѹ˾ɷļŮּǮۿ֤ѽ 
ʲôⱻŭˣͨŭ糾ŮʲôҲˣҧгݣಢûѹô֪˾ɷ򡢼ǮۿѵŮˣ˵ûͲ˻ˣ 
ãǲǺˣҳ˻ָˣ°һСĺ룬˵Ҳк룬ǲǧϸˣԩ 
⻰ǺⲻһֵۣŬǸˣϸ˰죬ٿéͷûСĺ룬ҿúУõġ 
ƨ˱ڵϣͻȻŮ˺˵հܿʲô 
⻰һڣ֪Ǵˣ޲Լҧͷ˶ݺݵͷײأֱײѪȴһɣӻŭףֹסſڿЦǸʮ˰ˣúãиƨãʵǲеġ 
࣬Ȼǻһ 

һҲһϣӻŭףǸ˾׼еʶϧϻСЩܻɵĲ֣ȴǾС׼ţɹܲסЩСǧ˰̬ʵǣ̬չ 
һοʣ˿޴󰭣ӣɫɲ԰׵ÿ£ȴѼ£Ǿ׮¼󣬸ȨҪһҲ뿪ֵģһΣۺܴ 
عǲˣңε飬ȫ㡣ôлźأ 
Ҳл̾ܰѵӦҵĶ£͸мˡ 
Ĳٿˣϧ£Ҳŷ֣ûһǲеġ 
־ڴˣֺαǿءƴǣһֿʤǵһлӳ죬ԼһĺأһǿˣԹٳ뷹ҪѪᣬǼȲԸӲԼѪᣬҲԸǿñ˵ģԶ߸߷Ϊ 
һߣҺñʧһ֧ۣԭӻ£ϧѱҵǲ£鲻Խ˿ڣһÿ죬಻ʿôôҲ˶ϵ֡ 
ĬȻʵ֮ǰȥΣż 
ʪʯذϣӻ֧⣬ĵɢâϵ糺尹࣬ݸ߹㣬ںڰ͸⻪ 
عң߹Ц⣬ͷβһ𣬷ģǸҵ֣˲ġ 
߽ȥ˵ϵı۹ߣŻ谵ĹߣȻǸͷ澳ȻʶĿϵӣŹ˵ˣ类ճ˵ۡ 
лҪͬ˵ɣ˵˶ǲȥˣҪֱ 
Цˣ󣬵ع㣬һֱֻĶ֣¿ҾȡҲܲ͸أȴСáЦǱͬˣ֪κ飬Ҷ·أŻ˼ֻ򡣡 
ҪвҰɣ˵ͬˣ·ü£ΪҲܶʹº 
Цºֵڣʱһ㣬ĴԶ˹и֡ 
ߣҲţ㶨ҲͶ赶Σ 
ǻֻңȫЦ⡣ 
ͬ˰죬иȷҲϲɱˣ²֡ 
׼ôң⣬ǺЦҪҲ˸ϵ֤˵ɵߵģ͵Ȿ׼㣬ﰵɱңҲ˲ãԻ˽֤ݽϣ磬Ƿѵ˼ΰճɣ 
ֻһ£Ҳ⻰ֻΪʲôڵ̫ϻʻ㣿ѵû˵ȻѪԵѵ˵Ǽի£Լ 
俴ңҲһˣҪҳ֣Ҳоʵ 
ߣܶ𣺡һ˵ĹϵһУƾԼıµתͷ΢΢ЦҺ׻ݱ㻹ǺúΰɣǧסˣڵҲأҽҧⰲŴ̿д̻ӵ㲻ҲܽһƤ 
عʵĽһʲô 
һæ̧ͷ 
ӻѾةλñ˿ȱβ˻УԺýɽྡǾָ֮¡ǲģҡ 
ԲסҿЦˣֻԼ֪Ӽ꣬κֻͼʾҪְĸǳ©ģ㻹ǻ߰ɡ 
ûзˣ̾ҲΣˣһȥɲ˸ˡ 
ֻ΢Цʱǧ¶ģһ߲ˡ 

˹ϻع 
ĸڷУҽţǻ΢ЦعȻŴӹôѺܾûѵң⼸£ҵȫĹۡ 
գգۣͻеɬԭĸУϧԼǿ컶׵ĸ

˵һ£ѣ˳㿴ڲڡ 
鷿ҲרڵңҽţȴĬ 
ʲôҪͬ˵ôҵȻǰĿһֵ̥ͬܣ˵ֱ̹ףӻҲһ˵һж˵̲סϼæˣȻʱң׮ش֮ˡ 
磬ϱųʲô֪˰ɣ 
֪ʲôЦ֪ͬඩĺüıôĵӣŸ־ٶʲôˣıҲ̰㣬㻹أȻ뵽ͬˣɲϹۡ 
˵ͷ 
еİѱԴҪЮң˵ô죿ҵ 
Ǿ˵ð죬Ȼ̧ͷǿңţƣ˭ҲܣֻҪܶȻһԣϧһǰˣҪɱҪУҶϡ 
벫һǣЦ˵δȻǳ嶯³çӣͷԵ£Ϊ㲻ǼƲʧܲ䵽ⲽأͷβһҩ㣬۴³ɹ㶼Ѳ˸ϵΪ׳ȥƽˣͬĽ˱ͼ˹⣬ʱ飬ɻ̰ϸǣĹ˾ 
ģҡͷӦңҵǳðգ֣Ȼҡ 
ҺЦٳĺڰ׶ûأ׳־Ҫչͼˣ㣬ͬЭȨʲôĿôƲ߹ȻѽǲڴλṬʲôҪǴ³ˣ׵֣㲻ɱڣҲϲƽɫ㵱ʱŵĺôֻʱȨʣﰵ㶼ûֻ 
һεͷϺˮǵСʱұƢ㣣׽Ѱֻ벻Ҹͬİ·ʽĺ 
⴫Ųһ˽ 
һأЦοԼֵǸóһͬ˵Ĳ㣬µ˼̳ƣŽ˶ڣǸӶҪСü 
ڵɫԲ԰ףʹ˸ɫӭǰȥ϶ЦݣǺ£ĸҲ飬ûͬһԹˣ˻Բ֮ʣɲҪһݡ 
˽ҵģǸĸ㣬ȻӻһʼһʲôѡҲдûҵλãҵϣȴʼײǵӰӣ͵̾˿ЦòҵȻ᲻øģҪ;ˣ£һȥʡ 

32 
Ǹ»ϻô죿ڸңĻɱӻ 
ɣҰһۣٴŮӣҲУôˣȻ»ʵǻֻ֮߱һıˣһξòʬҲǧУǻһˣฮͬ߹ð̵ѶⲻҪ 
㿪Цۣţ£Ĺ谢ʲôϵʣʬͬǧһ 
ʬһ㣬ޱ飬ΪԼҲ£һˣ֫뾱ǣÿӵһͷſֻһ£ﳾ˾ôķˣ˵ʱҽֹһ£ͷˣƤ⻹ţ缡ԭԣǵβȫ˺̲˵ÿʱ̵Ҳʹ޼У˵غ 
죬ɫҰףϲ̵ضԴӻɣ 
ǾУҿŵͫףøܣ˰ȥӽ¿ʼһƬһƬ۰Ƭƣ˰׹ΪֹֹԵλԷѸģ˻ûѪܵص棬ҽжû 
ˣֽǰ豭˿ȥԭ˶ˡˡ 
ԼҲëȻĬΣӻģѪĽ촦Ĳ״ٸбȥο£ôʶһǶϲܿôʹزգȻ취ѡ 
£סʵộǻˣ 
ȥǲˣ̲̾Ŀڶ࣬Щ̿㶥ˣеĵǣҪ˺ԼΪʲôǸˣΪʲôҪǽѡ 
عɲӲѽץסָ֣ǶҲãȥʣӻɣҲãҲգҪô͸ɴһɱҲʹ죬ǧЩ̷ѽ 
浣ģҴʱǲ֪Լʵ뷨ģǵñһƲ¶ɽˮ˵ϲô˼˼Ǿƴ 
Ҳ֪ҡͷˮԡӡµȥɣ˿ɲѽ 
ôھߣվҪ͵øּǰͬһȥؼʱСӣ˵Ҳó 
ŵſڣײ⣬棬ͷعҪæ 
˵ϵҾ֪ô£˵ģǲһȥͺˣðȥӻ 
ǵҲǣ̾ӦõģɵʱҲΪʲô飬֪ˣһζǻˣعֵϣɷʩԮ֣ 
ǣǣǣﵹһڵϣһʱնٳɴ£˽й̵ȥҲδػңŮˣǺìܿһԶͨ 

Ǵæ˹¹ӭȥһǽʵĶ鷿 
ڽϣڿ汨ӣǼ΢΢һЦǿ˷,ôʲô飿 
Ϊӻ£ʵ˵ֻܽȹˣһ˵ҪôҸôУӻȻ˲֮ͨ£ֶԲıϣǲǿСؿһۣ˼ûн磬ֻԼӲͷƤ˵Ҳ˵ȱ֣ҪУ˴˻һ·˵Ӵ˴˸м֮ģ¸ϵĹ˳֮⡱ 
Ŷǵȴ̧ۿңʣΪʲôΪʲôҪѵΪĲŻ 
ҲΪ˲źͷоɽԭҲѾ£̸ЦӣǲۼѪˮܵǰ 
ǾǸ֮ˣЦûе£Ȼ÷ɾһ̣Ұ֣ѵ飬ͿڵϵǸݾô˵öԣϸƥǡ 
ҿЦɲԼô˵⻰ʱôû뵽죬ֲЩ٣ְλԽ󻰾˵Խ죬ԭ϶ÿ仰ͷǻᱨӦԼϡ 
ôϻҪɱʣ᲻š 
ȻᣬɫӻǧҲ㹻ˣѾּϰ죬ˣû 
ǡ 
ˣü㲻Ϊ飬ϧڵβƣصģعĪʲôԭ򣬷Ҫڣ 
һҲɶ亹»취 
˵ϣˡ 
ͻȻڶϣǧɱӻ 
ּ죬Ҿһҵ亹 
Ϊʲô 
ΪҲɱЩڲԣҧŴԲۣһһֵΪҵδ㲻ɱ 
ʲô 
ͬǴ󾪣Ǵ˿ڣʹ 
˵ʲôҲˣ 
ҿû˵˿ڣɫԲµµת˽ϣ԰Ĺ٣ûĲƲǣ㲻Ұȥɣұ֤Բٿˡ 
ʲô£ʴңֿŭʲôʱ飬ô 
һش𲻳ֻһطëΪôó취ԭ˵ǽӣ˭֪ҰҲˣ˵ǰӻҲδأˣٶЩЩԼһ棬ԭӻûкɱڣݲܻС 

źſʹž⡣ 
һ·ϣҲǷлƣ˵磬Բ֪Լˣǣ̲סҪ˵ 
ҿ죬ڣҲֻ̾ʲôãģģȵģ˵ģðˣüĿʵ꣬ջ˵Զ࣬ҲǣҪˡ 
Ȼȥɡֻ˵͵ܻͣзӽģǵ˾·ҲǸ취 
ϣʼ泯⣬ϸĮȻڣ˵磬ؼңҺۡ 
ҲӻǣҲ˵ۣۡ 
ָӳȻһ𣬲˸£Ȼ˸£ֵùİ꣬տʼһ׮׮һıдŹƣһȣɸˣ͹ĽûУ󣬼ּ壬հɫŨ֭ԼҲ޷ʶ 
ҷˣֻȥСܰҶԣϣֻǳЦʵ 
˸ţδңڱλڴãѾ˺ܾá 
ձ̫࣬ѲٳԾȰѺúÿپٲȥˡ 
һλˣǰʱͷ˼ȴһ棬񣺡Ǯãǽعʧ񡣡 
ңЦݿ䣬ۼҲǸȴУҪȥˡ˵չ棬һֻССӡˮĿţСۡ 
ӡϵã̫ϻʿټīͽĵģˡ 
ȥãˣ£ǲأ˸㲡 
عϣңûԶ˵ó 
Դս齱ߣй볣ݸɱɫƸˣǶľͷ 
ûбˣǮѾˣţڸİɭԼãȻ·ĸо 
ǲˣ΢̣̾۲һĹ󣺡ع˵ʵЩ꣬޲ң 
ҭס첻ˣҲûȨ˵ѷޱҪһˣľҶ㣬Һݲ 
ǾǺްɣǿҪ֧æǰڽ³Ũ̵ 
أ˻ȥֳ࣬ʯˣ㲻ǰ̫ױ̫ˡҪ֪ʳӣȥ㡣 
Ҳ˵ͷţͬʲôھͷ 
Щҿ˺ܶ࣬Ϊʲô¶ãعģz̫ʵˣӻôףײʯͷҲĨһصأ磬ӻƤë 
͵̧ͷˣ׵ġ 
ʵôףʶǾҲ̫ۣôķģλˣҲŵˡ˵⻰ʱתȻ˿̫ˣͷƭ㣬ԼҲͷŲԼʱ絶겢ͷģħ˵ģȬ˵ģġϧҵĻҲȥˡ 
ĬĬţ⻰ڿУ̽ò˱ˡ 
ͬһӻΪ뵱ٰɣתͷңô뵱٣ 
Ҳ뵱١飬ͷڣѾˣΪҫδ̫ԸȦ⡣ 
ôģһ˿ϣ˻񣬲̾ʶʲôûҲѸz˾· 
סҵĴô̲ס˵⹫ʵ֮ʹˣûң 
ֻҪлڣʵ֮겻ˣ΢΢ҡͷֹʵ֮Ұֻ֮֮ҪһȨڣܻǰ̵ȥᡣʶzӻһƾУһʤ֮ƫߵøˡ 
ôãѵ治ý 
ϣҪʲôң㿴ʿôӻô㸸׵ܵܿôعģΪΪݲ㣬ҸңΪʲô벻ͨ㣿 
˵䣬ֻ֣ңģģؽˣᣬһƱǣ塣 
ֻϣеعһϸţʶͬzûѡˣڵңûƹģұǣ㣬׼˷̣㡭Ȼ飬ӲҪԼⳡ 
Ҳǻģ·ϣˮ֪򣬵Ĵɢ 
ֻҪҸƽô૵ʣ֪ԼҲǸô£Ҳ׵Ѫô 
ͬ͢гͻô֣ң㸸Ҫ˵ӣ㸸ˣ֪ģȻ֪һԶòġ͵ͱ֤عÿ˶ԼˣҲ㱾Ǹʣ¶һղԶҵĻٻԶ뷲ʴĥ 
ۿ⻰ż֣Ҳ֪֮Ҳƣûסҡ 
ӻأҺȻһ£ȻǶаţľΣ׼ѵҲҰȳ 
סңӻ˫³ʱͬİ˵֣ʲôֹʲô£ 
33 
㲻Ҹ棬һֱ˵һһҪǶھȻŲʣǴûйˡ 
ΪʲôҪҡͷǼ࣬ǲǣûְλˣ˭øãûҵĴҲѣǸ˲ţȻĻһ㣬Ȩһ㣬ǧţҿʡĲ١ 
ֻΪԴȨ벻ͨٵ־ô飬ͷֻΪĲţ 
ȻֹĲţ΢ЦӻŸ߰˶ΣŸ߾ŶҲΪƢΪıԣһˮֶ˵ƽƾһ¾ûܱȡҾ㵵ı飬ǲģǶҵĳ谮ţҪˣٻǸƣҪ̰У͵ôһ˶ǰ棬ô˼ҵ·ЩôҲӦõġ 
ǡһȻʣʲôиǶ壬һ˵ףҲǻеһӣе˼Ϊ˱£ʼ٣˭˵˺ͿǱκ˶ķԭǲҪģľˡ 
ҵĻôӻǾˣǸzǻͻôÿʶһͬſסԭ뷨ʶ绢ڸzӻҲî˾һɲϾ·ᵽȥĳӣɱ۾ԹڵңһעҪն࣬ҲѰТֻҪܹȥУСϸ˭ȶ´Ҫعҵⷬģȫ׷ˡ 
⹫ҵͷóϷǹٳ˵ĻǲһȺСˣ̨ƴݣ̨ȭӣ˭ȨϷһȴ֪һ̰ͷֻǳΣ㳹׿͸ˡ 
һΪ׼뿪˵໰Ѳ㣬ԽԽ᣺ܵҪˣ¿˳֣һû֮أΪԼúˡ 
кȻһ죬ڵȻ˵滰һֻҵĴҲΪ롣ǿסһӿˮѴͬ˵һ飬ûϵãҽĵģ 
ԭˣ룬Ʈ㣬ʱԼƵʱ֣﷿ⶼĵģϵؿģҹǰҲ 
ֹ˰ʱſڣع˵ȥʶͬ˵ҪȥǧӻСһߣԽԽãٻˡ 
أе㼱ҪǸĸǵġ 
ܵûµģ˵ģӻ¶δػᶯһ·֮ǰҪߡ 
û£ҰŰɡ 
ң΢Цٳ飬ҿñ࣬ʶҲʲôûʵĵأǵأӻҧڣʶҲ붯ֻӲʩҲѱʩҲ·˽죬ӻǾԻˣٸȥ˵ͷϣһֻҪʶƽˡ

Ŵ죬ϵˣˣʮ˴Լ˾ʲô鵽һףͨ͸ްҲ룬ˣˣˡڵߵͷһӣһûôظߵͷأԸġ 
ԺӣҲϲǸĴˣͨ͸ϣʶҲͬȣʲôãҪװͿҪ˵Ļ˿ڣƣҲֲ֧ȥۣȥɣǽҪ˯һ 
ϸؿݵףһۣӦһˣҪŬУղ˵һЩѪֻһˣˣʹ졣ֻǣǰ 
ֱ϶鷿Ҫ̸ͬ֡ 
ɰϣɫ԰ףȴ̳⣬ң٣˵ 
ҽʱԱŸˣûٷʮͷͣ׶Գۣ촽δЦ 
ߣʵͬع˵껰 
æϹϾһԣȴ۹Ų顣 
ֻʲôʵȰұɱӻǸΪˣȻֵġ 
عң̹£ֻΪӦʵĹλͽƣԱع̶̡ 
ŶԾˣǸأߣ 
ҲһߣЦƢӻ˽飬ǸĴȣ˻̷֪ˣԭɷأˡ 
ߣ˵粻۾ԥ 
Ұпֻ࣬ǰǺһ֪ͨ£ӻ֮ϣҲϲϰŮ޳ղŲǸҳҲ˵ȴ¹ƣϴߣ鷳 
ôţôֻƢӦѽ 
ֻдǣףǰңȻӦУ飬ѶӻҲⳡδؿϷˡһ뵽⣬ҵĺð˳ҿ֪ڵ飬񲻸ɽҿ¡ 
ô϶֧è󣬳ٳٲҴ𸴣죬˵عһأɼˣ֪˭ 
ع֪ 
Լ˵ 
̤һϻСݣԭฮĻţƽֻڴ鷿Уרܸ·żֽ뱣棬ԱʱȡĲѰ 
ɢฮеĻŶ·صؽΪʲô⻰۾ȴҡ 
һεºӻδϱ֤ݵģѵ˵ 
СһЩ壬Ծ΢Цмţǻϵǻǰдģרһˣæֵ빬Уڻߣͼд֮ 
ŶЦˣֻǿңﺬű˭˭ôı£ 
ϣǽعĵܵܣڡ 
է䣬ҷˣӻзˣҪ֤ҪЮңȴԼȴ˸ٵģȽͱ˳Իȡ;ҫôõĻᣬҲѹġ 
㻹ʲô˵ŭңֲĴƴҪԭΪ˱סԼ׵ܵѽ֪£ֻһˣعô㡣 
ҵͷˣûȻˣұ޿ɱףղ̫ͬϻʵһֻԼ̾ԹۣڹٳϲɱģԭЩ֮ˣ;ĶԾ֣ʵ˵֮ȻٴˣȦӣҲǱʮ֣˵شȷѪ꣬˽ˣҲȥˡ 
֤һ𿴿ŭ˿ۣأֻǵңع֮Уֻһˣǣ㻹ǹҡ 
΢ЦţӻȡŷСӲֽˣᴦԺڡ 
߽ǰһУС˰ŲصúúõģҲûһ˴򿪹 
üˣϸǰҺúƣôŵ飬ûлŹ 
ҲֻСָߵһĺȣſװʮţҪͬҵ 
ֻҵͷᴦӰɢ 
ֽõͦεһţƤֽ˺ҧˮ͸üҲҪķЩ 
СĵģһŰһֽֽչϣƫ£ҿҪ죬ɾ쳤 
Ȼ䣬̧ȳ˹ȥǼУһذӳŷڵĵƹ⣬΢΢ɢ 
۽ǲżһѲãץذһƴϵ˴ȥ 
һãʧɫҪˣüֻһΣذױؿڣһȥʱѾˣ׽ס󾱵죬סһײ˿ȥһͬڵϡ 
ڵϣͬŤһš 
һһߴУϣϣ 
ذϴѪҲ֪Ƿѱ̵Ҫ 
˺ǿƾУڵ϶ãҪһվ㿪ŬȰңعɱӻġ 
ͷһƬӻĻңȺУ˵һףһףвȥһְд֮ƣԶƴκˡ 
عʾȻжҲ⻰֪Ĺؼһ̣ϣңȻˣ΢ 
ţҲɾһ̿ڿˣˣд̿͡ 
عݶʱɫ԰ףȰңʻţʼ֪ 
˽ֳһͬڵϡ 
ţȥݿŭң֪Сˣọ̃˷ˡ 
ڵϣ˵ֻǻصôף޹ˣҲ 
¾УôȻҪѰԭɣֻӻһͷһǶֻ߱ҪƫѪͷѻ˵ǴţŴ˼ңһӣԸ뻢ıƤҲҪͬӻκξ 
34 
ؽˣ̲Ҳˣһ̴Уɣ쿴ôˣ 
ǰ̫ҽţϸһ飬˵Ǳ˿ڣܾȻ˹ȥһæҺڡѽһת 
ع־ףסҡ 
ɵۣҰһţʱڵǿأ÷ԸڶߣӣǸǧԼ䡣 
ҵͷǿվֻʹճģȫѪһ·Ѱȥд˿Ѫˮ׹ذϵѪԭԼġ 
ߵǰȻֻǱ˿ڣеۣ˼㲼ϾûѪҲɵ˿ỽϣôˣ 
ۿңѪ¶ʵı顣 
عû£Сˣ˵ǻϸգҲû塣 
ãصͷѽعȥúˣݽΣպٷ䡣⼸仰Ѿеһ˵꣬üͷ˹ȥ 
ҹûлظڹʰˣҲҿһ飬ڶ죬̲㴫ʱ˽ӻӡ 
ϢУұȳ亹һӻõþȷȹ˼죬ֽҪЮסңΪ˵ȴݵдϢˣ׵Ĳڳ֤ݣһܣȻϵĴжת֮زز 
ǵڶת֪ºķӦҲҺö٣죬̾عӻȻ 
һߣӻһ⣬֪᲻뿪 
عֵ͵ͽң߽ȥɼһѩֽ㣬͸ɫȨˣʼ֪̬أԭһȵҫ̶ѨҲ͵͵²⣬ûоúڡ 
ϸˡ͵˵ûˣԵľǡ 
ⶼǻϵĸ󣬡æУ¿ɲðȻ칦һʤع찲ڻߵһˣҲֻԼıݡ 
ǡͷ˵㻹ǼҪߣ 
عٵĲϣԵ⼸γɺʤĻ֣ӻǵһ˲š 
һᵽħǣɫֱˣָ΢Ŀ־壬֪ôá 
˵ӳ󣬻ͬʲôһ𣿡ֻǲģݰеļţǼٵģ沢ûһ֣ȷ˽ڵ״ҲŰɡ 
ʵϣҽ䱸Ϊ㣬ôµһˣµˮ©ôƽôЩż°ѱʱһǰĺȣҰġ 
ֻװɵӻǹھܵһˣκˣֲķΪȱܿͷ 
ôţȴҲԿɲ˼ǰֻգع˵Ƿ飬ģλͽƶġ 
лϣҴϲ񣬾£ѶĴмܷһ·Ҳҵĸˡ 
µȻգ˵˺һЩּ١ 
ԲӻҪɫٶˣ㲻ҲҴߴ٣ֻл˶Իظȥ 
ӻȥҲ֪յĿӦûͶڣֻǣѲ׷һۣҲ˵Ԫıֶκһ֣ʱڵ׳ɲ˶ڵߣֲļ긡Ҳֵ硣 
ֻԶǷǣԭһ̶ˮѪẹԹӹˣ˻ 
СܰҲô˵˿ʹϧᣬûϴӦˣΪЦǻ߰ɣͣ˵ҲٷֻҪƽãʲôӶԹġ 
˵Щúܶ࣬ͷβֻĬĬߣɫ۾ʢ£һٴѲǸڻ԰ӣЦͬɽŮˣЩ˵ͨףµУ޷ͻѾοۣûб˻ҲӲǿ 
ֻЩֹ֣£Ҳɺ棬֧ˣͬǲл˵ 
磬Уһ飬Ҷܲ 
Ϊ£ 
ԥˣ죬󣺡ҸˣǧҪ˵ȥ 
ãҴӦһԼ֣ʲôΪѵ飿 
һ磬١ӻˡ 
ʲôҴ󾪣վſڽ࣬ľ 
£Ȱֻлҳȵģ˵ֶס 
˵ʲôҼˣ;ҪСġ 
Ầҵģ˵ȴǼᶨֻңԸԸͬߡ 
ԣҺͬߣϲô˵޵ģͬߣ·һ 
ѽ̾ҵȻߵģ˵һЩҺܲġ 
ʲôŭǲв㣬ҿҶһëߣ꾫ҷǰƤɡ 
һ㶣ϡشЦһ£صǰģĵЦ֪ҺãģҲǶҺܺõģԹǿ 
ִסۼЦ绨ӦЩգ죬ֻ÷ŵ˵ʲô᲻ 
ֻ˵Ҹһ𸴣¼ù⣬Ի뷽跨źһУһ𡣡ȥЦ⣺磬˵˵ǲҪʲôԽˣ 
źһСҴ飬ٰζžᣬҪʲôˣ˷ʤ࣬ѵδߵĩ·Կɶɽ𣬿ǣξԿǣҲ벻Щʲôˡ 
磬üͷҸôͬ˵ܾ᲻ֻ᲻ǳЩֵ 
˼룬Ҵ⣬ģǲǣһѾԼڣ磬̸̸ܲͬұ֤֪ͨǣ档 
Բ飬һȦͬ⣺Ȼ㣬ǧҪúõͬ˵һҪϸϸͺذѻ˵Ӵ 
ӻҡͷز˭ֻΪõסٳأѲԼޣȻȨʧƣȴԿɿϻ۵Ǯֲ·Χֻͬ棬һЩ뵱˵ס 
ӻպҹʱ֣ǱУûеƣ»Դϣģһɫɴ£߼ͬʳβһ޳ӰӣĿң 
ߣڰУ˫Ŀ綤ʣع 
ң˵һԿϹֻƴĺڱ 
Ǿѽҵ˵ԭ书ֵǽ̵˾ݣˣ׻м׮ܣΪ֪ΪˣķĲ׾ 
㹦ֻǴûʹܣȷûбˣԷҶӣˣ׷ʣأΪҪ仰޹ء 
ȻҲм仰ͬ˵ 
˵ 
Ѵ·磬˳λҪ죬ʧ֣ѾҪедǲܵˡվ֣¡ܱ֤ǵ˻ĻӿɲɵӣһģֻµʱǴ֮ڿҲδӸ㡣 
ߣ˵ѵҲԻݡ 
˵׻ѣݣ̫鷳ݣµģȥһֵѰͰģ⸱ݣһҲٽ¶ڹ컯֮¡ 
⻹ǰͣһ⻰Щŭǰҹֳ˫Ӳӵ۾סңһаţ޷죬ƫƫеĶͷһ·ֱײŻҺ£һûˣ㵹Ȱˡ 
ҺЦ첻ӮҺ£Լģҿƺ㣿ˣûһʵÿζЩ£ҪЮĻͷˣŪңԼ飬ҲＸˡ 
˵Ҳû鷳΢Цջȥ밵УˣһǺģֻϧһսУûвıջһ¡͵̾˿ʣҪȥҪ㣬ǰ̣ 
ҿһΨҶˣһһǳͷأһˣѪƴҵ뷨һȨͷûĹǣΪȨΪġ 
ӻڶʹĹּƣȥˣҲҲȻͬϳսֻ߲߳ɹҪһ仰վߵǰȫӰУֻһֻαϵ֣¶¹£ͻָϣһֻӵĺָ 
ҿ˫ŨҹҲڲȥӶԹâ 
ҪʲôҲܣּҹλǰ벻Ҫ߲ɣҲ밲ȣһһ֣ԭαգ۵£ұƴȫͬ㲫ʯ١ 
죬һվһں֭ĺɫУŴ뽥ǳĹߣģóһīˮʻͼд֣вǶͬɸꡣ 
ã⴫ߵŷдôǷԽ 
һ˷еĳѹһջĿ⣬˵ɡ 
ѽŽ´֣Ϊʲôƣò 
ֻһ˲䣬ӻˣϣûжһһȫˣĿһͶϣеԱ˴࣬һҲתΪЭҰ棬ĵġ 
ԭһ˵̬ȣҪʲôȥֻҪһΧĿҲŷ츲صı仯 
35 
ʱЩ죬෢Ƶ˵ڰУֻ۲һʱΣֲԸ뿪Σһ£˵ãͬĻѾ˵ˣʲôҲֻܸһ䣺ˣʵΣգԶòŶԡ 
˵⻰ҲٿһۣתסšȣֻǷ 
˵çײȴĻҲȷģᰮϧ˵վһˣƶѱõݣĵľٶ

Ҳߣֻվ⣬Ūɪɪһǲġ 
ﾲĵģҺ棬ǵģŮˣᰮӻˣòΣ󣬵һתֻӣ˵ĵĻĲţͬһİԽǵòԽƱɶ˻𣬲ǲ֪÷ƣȴǿƲסԲŸԸƴѪ⡣ 
ҲʷΪκͣҲŲòӻԾ˴£Դ·磬ɫ΢£̵ĴǣһЩǿһĨ˸УȴԳոĿ꣬ղܡõĴ˸лܣ鲻Խ; 
¹Ŵͭ壬ڷС侲ȴͼ壬Ҳ֪浽ôΣϣܹ壬һ⣬ǳá 
ããսƮɵϣһ⣬Ὺˣ֣ɡ 
˷УӻȻڣڴڣ⿴ŷ꣬ϸЩį飬ͷһϲʱ 
Ƕ˵ˣ˵ǻҪҽʲô 
лͬ˵Щ⣬˵İɣ˯Сܰȥ 
ȥģûлͷȴעĿӡ 
ȫ£һʱ泩ȻǸˡ 
ΣЦӻʲôҪͬ˵ 
ڣӰɼͦһ˿įֻһ˲¶һûҲۼ 
΢΢̾ѡ񽭺Ҫĥɺ룬ԭ˿ڶѲͽǲƤΪһ䡣 
Һѹ룬ҹӻһУضٺ٣ҲսΪʡ 
ΪʲôһУ̲סһοȰ;裬δزǼ£β˴ģҲ˵ִ㡣 
ЦͷҲ̧ûȨĸŮ˻మ 
ǷŲһС 
ö˵ֻգͬ˵ôǷϸ̧֣֣ѵ㻹ʲôУȻõúüƲߣ 
죬ָ˻̾ûˣֶΣҪ֣Ϊ£ˣʲôôҲˡ 
ͬȷǸûһ֣Ӯˡǲģǰ˵ʣҲ֡ 
ֻƣ֪ӿиʲô˼ŵ⽣Ӱıթһ겻ұҲˣȴβ룬ȡֹ 
Ĵϣҳ˯ȥ 

ֹһ£ڼ䣬ӻûʧԣΣҲûһ˿Ϣ 
Ұʰһжֻһɿڣװ 
³ɫ԰ļڣּҽϴѳȴ񣬻԰УŨɫȴǲ԰ףɶ񣬽Ҳǲסһֽǡ 
һμӻĿǣʧòӻôΪҪʹࣿѵʤߵף 
عһ棬׷ʣûӻϢȻǲˣ 
ҲҰӻĻ߸Ĺֻһɵѣ˲ˣҲɱԼ 
ûУ˵һԣͬ־롣Եͷ˿ʲôûˣЩġЦԼǺЦ 
һ̣֪ǷҵĴ̶һ£ˣˣϾȻ˸zӰӡ 
ǣȴղðȣ𾢵ڰĿƣʱҪŻϣҪеֵĹʵֻëţĿ裬Ž帻òȴֻ׵ޣʳ֪ζ˯־ѡ 
ҲЦ˳Ӧ⣬벻Ȼһ 
㣬ϲݳڵõԼҪĶЯŹ뺽ƣСܰ棬ĸѣ̤ȥأ꣬Ųģɫǰ̣Ǽ಻ģ˵öԣЩһ·ûʲôԼġ 
һֱ̣£ܽػ̵Ǿޱȥ䱦ɼҶľԽУԽ٣ܼ佥ӿɳ볤һཻңԶľͷüĿҲʣָԵĸ꣬ҵ˵һοЩ;úôأ 
˵ʵƫĵˮȻ˴˴ҪŬѧӦ 
Ҹ˵ȴת䣬մԭʱ࣬ΪֹҶ֪ͬӻ˵ЩʲôҪܾһ˵Ŀ󶨻һ£ȻȴҲġ 
һܸ˵ģչգǵǰÿԭ̶ˣϸѯʣֱԹЩֻڶأײǴԭˣȥˣϱ 
üˣҾ˳һлͷ۵״ϧԭ۵ˣһګһһһ⣬鳡ٳһĵʤԣ˼̤룬ǿҲֻ¡ 
ڶʹĶ¥Щ·̣ҹŶ룬ֱĮͽС 
Ҽĸס 
磬ʱǿȣҼʱһ֮УſƮݵ°ɫӣ°ɫ˿׺˻䣬Զ߽ʱֻ棬ֲ¶ɫް㣬ʤκͷס 
ҲͬһһصĬ 
ǽعϸңüǸ߸𣬴ЦЦ㲻㸸ס 
ǣЦҳĸףҵܵڵǻѸ׵Ӱӡ 
ˣһüëȫЦ⣺˵òģ 
ҲˣƤҲѧ΢΢üë֪أһ崺磬泩 
ҷɿЦ˳ԭüչ˿̬Ȼģ۽üϸϸ·ÿһƾǺЦ顣 
ԭģõľдңѯʣԭķ顣 
ҲͻȻЩ׾ǲ˵ʲôģɿӦòǸһŮˣЩԷĵظ 
Ҳûа취ЦȻȥ˾ֻû֧ĻѾǳҡĿҸ㸸дţܾȢ 
ǣҲֻÿЦ֧᣺䲻˵ʱСܰ 
ҪҽڣңСӣˣͱضԼɣֻԸشҲҪκμٵѵ㲻֪һ˵ʱıͻȻܲͬô 
ſڽ࣬ڣֻõͷĸף͸ģ 
˶ˮҺͱͬСܰȥϴˣŵУֻǶ˼׵Ů 
ʱһһ˽ǳĸߴͦΣ̵ϣһ˫䡣ԼĸףȻ溬һ˫ȴ͸쳣鶯 
ǽعĿ⿴ң´һ飬һԭк㸸ôûǡ 
գգۣͻȻһ飬Щ׾Ȼδһֱ߶ģֻͬĸסϻЦ٣סڸ⣬ףԭ֪Ĺˡ 
ôЦҲ֪Ǹ˾Ҳ飬ȻŴζѡ 
ңȴӣ벻ׯĽи˸ԲĶӡ 
ҲֱﺬЦ⣺ôõĶӣҶЩϲ޲ԼĲźá 
Ŀһƣȴǵ飬ҿ죬ֻԼͷĶǵĸ飬޼ɵܣں˵Ŀ⣬ƽ 
ҺȻЩ׹ջŮˣĸ˲̰飬Ǹ׵Ĺʽֵ߻ϲ߶һǰͬе𣬶Ե˱ضҲ֪ 
ҪЦˣ۽ǲҵ죬ŮԼ㲻ÿ췢ˣôȥ 
ŮȻĽȴ̲סԹԡ֪ߵغСѾͷççײײܳȥһ꣬úú׽һ١һͷ²ͣˡ 
ʣǶҵ΢Ц 
֪ôģͻȻⴼƱζںͷòճͣҵͷȥ 
ΪʲôͻȻˣֱԿ飺ǲǾʲôԵĵط 
ûСǿЦֱˬִţܶϤģɻâ 
Ҳˣ֣ŮͲûضˣס£죬ҽ˰һд׵ˣٰȥ 
⻰˵תȶأǿǣȴⲻٵɫȥֱſڣعͷ̼̣һ˿Ц⡣ 
ҴĿĸѹ˳Ķ֣һŮˣеһֻһÿθᵽʱĸ̬ұƣԼƭĸо 
36 
ڶ죬Ȼȥʰ˶ͬСܰʱҵһаϣһƷ㣬Ĺ´һ˺⣬е˶ϸѡ˵һԭ 
ڶʹǸС٣ƽʢҵΣÿдϱ飬ϸ¼ԭְλ˴ѣΪӦ֣˽ҵǿĹ㣬̶̼еﾮԼҲȻ£ҿʼѧϰ 
Ѱ棬ѻָ˺ܶ࣬ײһǰģǾԭЩӣע⣬Сģ޷ǣһҲûУˣʱҲ˵ӻǣʼգ˵޷ǡ 
꣬ĻɳǸɵģճͬСܰİͣ죬˱һ̦ȶˮҲûãа취ȡ޺֭ʢھӨˮƿУ˵ÿһ̦ 
ƣһµҹڸаԲһһƿ丵β 
ȾƺǲЩܣ 
ǣκ˫գȴǣһ㣬ôһ㡣Ȼţԥ٣ַֺò⡣ 
˺ˡѹĵذ̾Ϣɳãϣرʵ̲סǷϲӻ 
ԲԲۣѽϸ룺˵ÿÿμ涼ˣԶ֪ʱЦʱҪĬ˵ʱ۾ɲʲô£֪ڿ㡣 
ϲޣҰգ֪ˣҲӦôٳǡ 
ϲϣǣֲϲ 
Ŷ 
ϲͬ˵֣˵ܺõĹ£Ȥ壬ֻϲͬһ棬޷֣ 
ȶ˵㣬ʤӲ֧ͷЦǵǴȥҼ㣬Լȥʱ죬һ˲䣬룬ԭҲǲģǵȳ˸תûͷ 
޷ءҴٲȻڶҲ׹ǷҲˣ 
ʱֹסǱﾪѵˣãȻң･ϲ 
ʧɫҶʱֱҪݺʹԼαȥ벻ǣ˽ʹģҲ£Զ 
Һͷɣȥ˵ˣòãٶˣǼȾơ 
ճյΪʲô˵ˣҪģԲԣ죬˵ 
ĬĬֱӣָȴǼᶨ֪ã̫ˣϲһߵףЦ̫ɵЦʱ̫棬˵ĻԶ֪ʱôǰȰοǸͨʵˣһȤĹ¶֪ȥ飬˳ƻµΡ 
Ҿ˵˹ӣεı飬Ǽ򵥵İ·ֻᣬûп޳磬ûйرҪõһˣҲ󲻻ͬһ𣬿ȴһҪļЩۼ鲻Խ㣬˲ʱдֵʱ򣬻ǿһĻϤ龰ͻȻ飬ͣרĵػģʱ˵ĻҲҪȢȥֻҪżңԶҪǡ 
ұ˵ᣬס֣ģ޷ǲģҴһӶ㡣 
ңϺһƬû׹ңΪʲôҪСֻҪϹҵ֣һ£Ǻ˾ƿƲԼҲǺõģҲǺõġ 
ջƣסס磬ΪʲôһòЩҲСӣ֪ܵõˣֻҪģҺãҪòܶࡣ 
аѵһԥԼϣϣһĴ£ҲȾƣЩֵ⡣ 
ҹʱ֣ˣס֣ˣˡ 
ҧСܰһ䣬ûлȥ⣬΢ҲСܰ߹󻷱סң´ 
ǻ쵰ͬ˵ΪʲôҪȾƣҴǸӣҪ˿ڵӣǣӲǲ̽ҿˣиʲô˼ 
ͷұϣȰعԼʵܿ޳ҲǼ¡ 
 
һֵַұøˣ֪֪Ҳ޹ҽȥе飬˵㲻ΪǸˮͬһģҪҿףҲǸѾͷ£ңһȻߣ˵ѾҪˣҼǵúһϣСꡣ 
ұˮҭסֹ̽ȥ֣εסҲԸſ 
ڽϣԼ˼ҿջС֣ΪϵǮֲ࣬ȥ㣬ҪΪԼĽ㡣ģ˵˵Ĺ£ǸջĴǺ䣬ϰǸʮͷӣһҹͶޣΪǸŮˣŰ谵Ĺ̨۹ⲻסɨϣķǸϣӶŰѣÿӲסܣһ̶ұۡ 
˵ˣȥ͵͵ذҪ˵ˣȥˡ 
һΣΥҵԸΧסңᶨؽȥ죬ҿ޵úҪ֪Ժᷢʲô飬Ҳ޵øڶ죬ҵҪŮ˼ңǸϰ壬ŮķˣüĿĺܺ룬ŻǸ˼ңҽȥרŸֿ⣬ǸϣǸϰ廽ҽôķֿǿҵʱķ˾ڸڣȴװʲôû 
ˣҽ˳عסСܰ㲻Ҫ˵ˣҶ֪鶼ȥˣҾߣԶһί 
عḧҵͷҵˮ̴ʪؿڵѣҲڱԹԶԹģôĺĳֻ֪ǶҹᣬͻǼ£һ޲ˣǾ˿࣬ʹಢ£һ죬ǵģֻҪϿ޳ˣһǡͣһᣬ⳰ЦЦʵҵҵʱַ˵ѾǼ£ѿʼϰˡ 
ᣬȴֹסʧʹޣһ·Ҳ֪ԼΪмȷһ飬ȢСܰ 

һҹδ飬ڶ죬ʣ˵˾ƣ˯죬˻ȥ 
һֱ磬Ҳظ 
Űȥˣûθڣֻͬž룬ңңٱ 
ҵĻ٣֪ôģн٣ܾЩС 
ƹѲ¿ӣֱңԭ׳ʲô£ôôģ 
Ҳҵþأе鶼˵һ飬û©ʲôڣǸˣҲȸס 
ԭˣϸˣ΢΢̾˿ûжݣҲԹʲôֻЦЦ˵ԭˡ 
ҿһۣ죬ɫɴ£ǳǳɫۻɷϣȻҲʱģҲ޸һûôģ˳͹ۣһܶ飬ֲɣֲͬķ˪УȫתΪһ 
㲻ģ̲סô޶ԣĸףˡ

ʲôãңȥһ죬Ҿ׼ֽ֣˵Ǵҡ 
ġ 
ǵģġͷ̾ǸŵŮӣСױҪȥõҪĶһֱûʧǣôԶʧأһΣϵ̫ˡ 
Ŷ˵һ㲻ΪȻ 
ףɿôˣ˿ȴܶ͸һУǸǳ¸ҵˣϻԼòĶԴ̣ϾǸŮӣڽҵƢûкô 
ǣ׹Ǵ޷ǣ̵ͷ 
ҳϣǻۺĹȻŵ㣬ܵҪЩ΢΢ͷƺڻ䣬еãϣЩǵòЩˣԶֻܴ 
⻰ýȥʧԣһڵ˵ǸˣҸô 
ʲôԾתͷңЦ˳⺢ӣ뵽ȥˣ 
룬ͬҸ׾ʲôϵûˣҲܣһұţһԲеŮˣŤ̬𰸣Һ֪ 
Ǵ޹ʸ˾Ϊ°ɣҡͷһĨ⣺Ҳ²ΪʲôΪǴԻ㸸ǣˣΪڿЦ־˶ĸף⻰ɶҲޣ 
ǣҵͷֻҪһÿӣд飬֪λ 
ã㵹ˬ졣˵Ҫסͬ㸸ǺѣѣͬǷ飬ڻǰסʱҲĸף׿ɰǶһ䣬⻰ô 
Ҳ죬죬ŵ˵ͷĻشǽƻŮ˲ҸףծҲǸǷĶࡣ 
ЩôѹȻûʧʹ»᲻ԺĲ 
عȡյԼһڣЦݲ䣺Ҳ㾭һЩˣô˵ӻ˭ûĲһǵĻϣ 
37 
һʱҭס˵˵ 
ҲԶӰӣ±ӣҲϣܹһУˣҲֻôĲȥˡ 
Ŷ⻰ʣһûôĸס 
ǲǾҺܺģ΢Цңϣô죿ޣϸһ¶߸ںԹɫȰοԽ˿ɫʹͬϵĴڣǰﲻæģֻпԼָģǺһߣԼ̡ͨҪĺۼȴǲܵġ 
ǣƽҲӵģɼֻΨΨŵŵͷķݡ 
⺢ҲǸͨ͸˵֪ͬСܰ£ʱұ룬⺢ӣ壬ǷҲǸˡ 
ұ޵ò˼ЦʵҲ˳ȻŻˣҲô 
ᶨҡͷǲôģԭȢޣǣǣ裬̫࣬һѡԶԴݣһͬȢǶ¡ 
ǣֻóϣԪӻҲ 
ĬͻȻʲô£üһЩԹҲɺ棬ѵ⻰ܼ̾޸ûʲô߹ݵһ档 
ƹ£ȥ·Щƣ룬תһֻССĲ豭˼ȴɳ˷⣬Ҳԭ˰ɣҲɲ룬Ůӣƽһ˿ڵǳ˲ٵĿͷŻԶе 
ڴæظ̧ͷǿЦãǰ飬ֻˡ 
ŶЦʣЩʲôĹˣ 
ûʲôջػͷ˵ 
ĬĬضţ£Щ£ȥ顣 
ʱڳĬǸϵˣİˬʣһţЦŲʲôûаõľóعǺúúһ 
սﶼܽյͨҲЦ˳αؿңǰˡ 
Ҳӳ˼лת΢Ц纨γѣһ˿ãϡ 
ˣ߹ߣḧôˣ˰ɣϦ£ΪصģӦǻϲпŶԡ 
ͷܿһֵۣϾڣĳ˼ƣ޴ɴ档 
ҪҪԭϢֿңȻ˳ǳеȴһҲδͣ 
𣿡Ҿһ񣬹Ȼǻϲġ 
ԭʵۿ̶̼ڣƣְԱ£ԭǰϳɶʧ˵λ 
ǣҵͷһһԭȵĸ߹Թͬӻߵýôǲá 
û˵깬ãڿҡ 
ûСʵش 
㵱ȻûУЦˣҲ½ðأĵܸ֪ɣ 
ǣ˵ԭǱӣ߳͹ˣòڵгǰԷڣһֱªļ棬ˡ 
ﺬЦ깬ĹǸˣٳо㣬ͷؽǰڻʵǰʧ˳Ĺ嶼ȥ֣Ǽѧ侫տĸִˣʱղ࣬С 
üң˵˻˭ 
ӻҲ룬ֶΣֵڵٳľɽЩҲһҲû£辶ڹٵֵ¾档 
˿Ǹ˽ܣҲ̾˵ľ˰ͻѰ·зѰԴˣʲôλ϶ 
Ҳͷӻ϶ȨƵˣҲУͷزǸ㣬ҪģһУȫ 
ʱкȥˡ 
һعȴڶ¶Թı飬ղ˵һ£ӦǸ͸ǻ۵ŮӣѵϻʲôԳܣŲɻȥ 
Ҳס 
죬̾ǿЦ֪ʲô˵һĻĻݵʵ̯ɳϷÿһʱڣÿһǰҵԭ 
ѵҲӻҺ棬Ҳ˵еʷǳѭľϷǷëǣÿһ£ĳ 
ǣ͵ͣһˣһˡȻסڣңԭıݴ²裬ҪҪһ 
ǲҡ 

Ѿףһһˣ͸ģֲȥȰԭҲԼ·еľͷף֪ 
еҲǺܶ˿̵̲裬ֻظЦݣԶԶȥЩ˶ۣôƴĲɱӶᡣˣɲǳ 
ЦǺֻۣأޡˡ죬ˣʲô 
סһʱ˺Ȳ裬Ȼ仰ôû뵽 
˵ʲôֻˣЦҷ· 
˵ӻ˵ֻ࣬±￴ۣȴԼͷ 
ǣͷԶ֪ԼĿʲôԴһֻн˵벻ͨҿ벻ֵͨ 
ЦˣҲǸᶨˣԲŻͬࡣ 
㲻ţ΢ЦɫһˮҲҰĵطڲͬʲôж򣿲˽£ƸűˣûгԻ̰ɫĺУˣǸ߹ٺ»Ƴ֣Ҳɲ͸顣 
ڳԼһ 
ɫϲŭǡ˼֡鲨ħ˭οƵˣû黹ǸˣڷħǸܹģȥֹƽɹʧħҪģˣҲҪѧ߿ϲϷģħ 
˵ɫ㡢ζڿ󷲷򣬲׽ȴҪ˵ͳͳýϣ֪ν飿Ǹˣ̰һзܣе˶ˣˣ½ȡϻʲôȤֻˣʲôŽףﲻɥ־Ķԡ 
ֹסأȻĿһ£òʹ졣 
һֱԱ߾ţЩ԰ףƺ̾ϢһۣһɣˡҲˡˡ 
ˣعͷգۣ̲סҪЦԭҲ֪ĽᣬҲȥǿȰֻҵĻͷ㲦 
ԭϲ𾭣ǿȥЩƣеȡĴԿգ޽ɵҲˣѧ񣬰밵ĻѡԵȡҪθףҲݾ 
ǣֻܵͷ⻰ĵط 
أңҲǸˣ󲻺ڣӻҲǻصһΪҲҿ԰æ 
ҵͷ۹ڱ²裬룬ᶨش𣺡ˣܺãϲ 
ŶţЦңԭڱ֮Уĸǣּ͢깬໥ǣƣ͢ǿܵͬӻߵһƽ⣬öɴл 
һǼᶨҲȥˣܺãϲ 
һ˿еͣ΢ЦҲЩˡ 
ҿЦˣδءһֵսѾĻʡڡӻʤ˭֪濴Ӯ£ȴ¸̵̻ĲӻٳȻ¾һҲĿʾˣڲǸƽ֣ͬӻߵһȥҲҪԿˣ񣬽ʧֺαȥı֮У֮УеһУҲϡ 
ҹ̸ҿʼȫŷеĹλһӣ£Ҳͬȥˣˣ򸴺 
ĵڶ꣬Сܰˣ֪ϢͬһҸء 
ԼҵС԰ƱյûƽУҿ࣬˵嶼ĽУض࣬˵öԣʲôĲܻǡ 
ʲôתЦңڶʲôԽˣУ㳪衣 
ãҲƴǣȡ߹ģԼĻԻЦģʷ˹߹Žܼƴƣ£Ϊ£йڣգգա 
ףһգ֣Բۿңôζˣϴӵģ 
׸裬ĸڸ֣⺢ӣα̫棬ʲô鶼ıģֻҪףһʲôеӦ 
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