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1
:Ŵ  ͢ Ѫ Ű HE

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ֺˡ
仰ƵƵڽͷβ
Ϊ˭Ҳû뵽ɽׯĳȻһ˷һɱ
ﳣܲҡ
Ϊݱ˿ƺð
˵ᷢ׷ɱȡͷ
ŮӡԽɱ
ǳһηɱȻƮ㽣ҶƮ
Ʈ㽣ԳΪά˲֮١
书߾֮λ̸
Դ˲ʿƽգλײβĴǾмӣ޲˵ҶƮڽһգһհ
ҶƮΪȴҲЩᣬһ֣ѪһҶƮп֪ܲ±˳
ɱһƾʯ׹һƬ㵡


ȥɱҶƮ⣬ȼɱɱ顣
˭ȶ֣ҶƮǳϲȾƣǽ֣Ʋڡ
ھ¥Χĸȡˡ
ĺǶ˭õҶƮͷԴ˽ɽׯȨٻ
үҪɱҶƮʹԹɵϣǵɱټ飬̫
ҶƮһЦüһݣĿɱԡ
Щ̰бʵְ࣬ƴЦǵ˳ҪʲᣬǾʲᣬΪˣ
䣬ѰνʣֱȡԼһˡ
ҲǷ֮¸ҪƽҶƮʩɱС
ҲƮ㣬ҶҲƮ㣬顣
ҶƮһתʱ磬ɱֺ룬Ҷ졣
һɱ˼ͬʱᵹȥÿ˵Ĳ϶һϸϸĽۣǵ峹׵ᣬѪŴϸϸĽ籡
ʱҶƮеɱŽɢȥĿָֻˮƯɫº
ͷȹ˱δľƣ콣֣̤ǰС
ҶƮ̤¥֮ʱ˸ᶨ뷨Լ֮֡


Ʒľɫѣճ׺ʵһõط
Ȼõطȴһ˶ռ˭˵޷ǳѡ
ɽׯͽƷ嶥ƣɾ

ҶƮûҲá
īѣڽյЦ˵ɨһۣǰȥ
үҶƮǻ
¹е׳̲סһʡȳɱΪϲİ
ֻȥ׷ɱҪʱͼеҰҶƮߣɱۣ
ǳһڱоƣ죬ϸϣŨ

ҪɱҶƮ׷ɱҶƮȴɱ˻޸ɵˡ
ΪҶƮ˵һûֻֻڱ׷ҶƮʱ¶ɻˣԲ֮޶ɱ
֮ʢҶƮء

ɽׯڻͨﵩϣǾƲڣʼ䣬΢ϵһסīŨصҹɫ
ҹ¶Ũ˪Ю롣ǰƺӰУϲЦ̽һץȴ˸ա
ҶƮɾһҲ
̾ЦһշתһĨĵЦȡ¹ڵϣγ
ү¶أϢɡ
ⲻ֪ʱѹ˸ӰһƳԭɽׯܹܷɡ
ǰ΢΢Źֵص۷ɣȻйƵ
ޱ飬ֵү塣
ס·ȵĳһմԷֱۣ㱻ݺƿ
ҪҡһЦŭȴ˿ԡ
ɴվĬĬĿŲĵ뿪


2
ƷɽµİˮһļǸֵӡ
ҶƮһﻹһǰ
ʱ˵زһΪľƣζ㴼ŨɫϦ⡣
ҶƮþգȻϷŹ˵ȵļҹ߲ݣֱˮֻΪһ⡣
ڣҪȾƣҪɱˣΪԼɱĳסƷϡ
ҶƮ˿⣬ϸϸƷζе㴼ۣһǰҲ¥ϣԼһκǸ

ʱҶƮҹˮ򣬿ϵȴСʧ·ϡ
Ũ㣬ȴɵʵΪ̾ϢƤϰּۻöԷһȴϴ˸˹
λ̨ҿкܣһ
ҶƮ̧ͷһۣǸٷ磬ȿ֮ˡ
ǰ룬ҶƮҲ¾ͿȻӦʣһͬ¹
̨մҶƮҶƮһȭʵ
ԭƮ㽣Ҷʧʧ˵һЦǾ壬ɫȴƽ޳
ҶƮɻЦ룬
֣ȤԶҶƮһЦѾƱУˬصҶĳԵֵܣ
ͷĬʣЦŨĿɫˮҶƮϣ漴㳩ҶƮݹľơ
գҶƮھ¥ʹĺ̸˵أļơ

ҶƮľãȴˣ˾ƣֻһҶƮЦҲ˵ۿ·ѳ⡣
Ҷ֡ǺþҶƮŲĵ¥ȥ߱Ц
¥ͣ˼ϵ˿æӭȥ
үˡһǱòЦ߹ҪȥҶƮүһˮƷסǸˡ
ҶƮɫһ䣬ҪʣȻһǱ˵Ѩ
ԭѳ
Ҷ֣˵ұƷϵĳׯкþǧ̳ϧȴ˶ҼȻһʣ±ðɽһˡ⣬ȴ˵ޱȣ˹סԼסѨҶƮ

ҶƮһȥɽׯ²ɽ
ɽ뿪˰ˮǺʣҲ˿Լµȥʲطʲᡣ
ֻ˶ɼԱ仯
ҶƮǸˬʵˣȴ꣬ϲŭ޳


үҶƮѵ˰ˮ򣬾¥ס¡
ʱűнȥ
ѣɫЩήңڴϣźϴ¡
ޣˣɵĻһ˾ƿźվıߵ˷ǰҪʸ
ǵģүշ˽ϢءǷҪ¶֣
أæ֣ݼг
ɾĬعҶʣֻ
һתĿ⽥Զ⣬΢΢һЦȥҶƮɽ䣬˵

ҶƮϵǰˣɽׯܹܷɣԼɽׯ֮ҲԼչ˵
ѲͬգҶƮ뵽ҲɱԼġ
û뵽㷽ܹҲɳˡҪɱҶƮɲ׵£ýԳ֡ҶƮǳƣְڽϣʱԶɱˡ
ɽиһԼȴǰүҶɽһ𣬲ҪȡҶ
ม𣿡ҶƮһЦϵĽ֪ʱѳֱָ֣ڷɵĲϡȥҿԣԼɽ
޾ɫĲѱĽд̳һǳǳѪڡ
ҶүǸ棬Ȱ㲻Ҫôߡ
ҶƮüһЦ˽Ȼÿ£ãҾɱɽȥúõҶĳȱ޳֮ͽ
ҶƮڳɱķԸʼղ㷢ֻǿһǻŭҶƮү㽭̫Ҳ˶ŭ
ޣⷴǸù̫ˣ
ҶƮɻл͵һӣϵľƺ㵹Ϧհкһ
үˣγ²ߣҶҲƷ£ѵռүʱʲԹǴ̸˭Ҳ㲻˭Ȱһ䣬ҶƮĬĬվ⣬˰βЦҲǣΪɱģɱã뷽ܹܴ·



3
ƺѾ㶨ҶƮ϶淽ɻ˰ںһϯԼҲúôһѣڽͶ֮Ҳ緶
ϯ䣬ʱǳһھƣĬĬصҶƮĵ
ɽׯƷķ嶥СᵱһɽС֮˵壬ߴʤȨҲƾȼš
ҶƮĵȴûį
Ҫ˰ɡʱվƱϸضˮɫЩƲס˷ܡ
鼱еصҶƮԷԼʱǺޣֻǱ㺡

ȻûãҶƮͺͷɻˡ
ϣڳԼҶƮˣ漴¶ǵķɽ˳ȥ
һ겻ҶƮƺȳʱ˼ˬʵɫ
ܼǷǳˣ˵üԼǰҶƮ˿ܴĽɱ
Ҷ֣ˡƣһԼһ͵ҶƮǰ
ҶƮԺӣһҲûУԷͦԼ
תͷס¶ЩĿ⡣
ϻ˵ɱġ
һЦ̾˶˵ĺȴûҶҲǺݶ֮ˡ
Ļ䣬ҶƮĽѾˣɨҶ֮ƣûմ˵Ƭ½ǡ
˱еľƣ˵ǽʱڿһԾܹҶƮĽ档
ĺʱ֣Ʒ涥˷ƺ紵Ʈڽµмּ֮ɫ
Զ׼Լ𽣵ҶƮ΢ţȴ֪˵ʲᡣ
ҶƮ߽ʮ꣬Դ֮˱Ǿ顣Ϊ˱Լ;ɳ̿ɱ˲޹ҶƮǸ֮ͽ
ļȻʹɱ֣ھԼ¶ݼżŵɫеĽЩʹ
Ʈ㽣ľ飬Ψ鷽ƵУ춵С
ҶƮ׿ʱĿѻŨɱ⣬̣ͦƱ֮ղѲ֪˶ٱ
ƯĽﴽǣҶƮɱÿһС
ҶƮֻרעԼϣбֻһɱĶ󣬶պ̸֪Ǽǰһҹˡ


ɿҶƮĵһۣ;˹һݺݶ
Ȼ˶˵Ʈ㽣壬ͬʱҲƮ㽣Եʵ̫顣
ٲȻ˵ĵˣҶƮΪҪȡԼ˵ʹЩֶΡ书Լ˻ҶƮ£壬ǸȡԷǸȻع˼һС
Ļ
ʹԺﴫı֮սȭͷ

ҶƮѾ˼У˶Щ֧
ѱҶƮĽڵأʹͷɢòǱҶƮҲһƣ³һѪǰҲǺˡ
ûҶ֣Ǳٴˣʹְɡ
εҶƮڵһɫƣ
ҶƮһһնйһѪΡ
ˣҾ֣ҲΪֳЦһƼƵš
Ҫҳȫ㣡ΪʲͲϳȫң
˿ԼѪʱŭҶƮհʲ壬Ϊֳ֮Ļϣƺ⽭ûҶƮ㲻򣬶ҶƮҲֻ춽κˣ˽顣
ȫʲ᣿ҶƮüһ̬СĽ䱸
ǰĽִ˹Ȼ紫˵еҲƮ㣬ҶҲƮ㣬Ʈ㽣
ɱܿһֻ˲ƴɱҶƮȻѽ⣬Ȼץס˷ĽС
Ǻýһȥ㱻ѣѪֹҶƮĽȴֹ
Ųҿ֣
סҶƮĽҲеʹҶƮЦҶ֣ЩҺε⣬ֺα˺ңҲˡ
˵껰֣˫ۿǽϣȫȻ޵ֿ֮⡣
ǻƽ޷ҶƮҲԥȡǽ죬ȴԥˣԥ˼ΣÿһζΪԼǰ˲Ǳˣ
һҶƮеĳֱͷǽУȴ˹ȥɱ˴һȴǵһҺǧеˡ
ЦЦƵҲû
ֻҪߣҪǧңʲϵ
ҶƮЩˣЩͷȥ룬Ҳȥԣֻɱɱ˳ͿԽѡ
Цֺص˼׵Щҹ
ЩҹˣȴҲܲŲǶԶԼ׵ĵط
ɫˮ˾ĬԣΨгҹļȾΪˡ
ȻҶƮһЦһѾ֪ӽᣬҲôˡһ˳ϲзԼʲ
ǿɺ
ҶƮ˽ǰ͵§ǽϵ϶ԷĴһȵǡ
۾ˣؿҶƮ߾֮ܣ޲ܽԷȥ


4

Ҫ߿ԣ£Ӧҡ
ҶƮ§ڴϣĿɫؿ۴ĳҹһ֪ʲղܣԼңڵûˡ
ҶƮؿڣ޳ָҶƮǰһ˿Ц˵Ӧ㡣
һ֮ʣ˲޹ʵڿɺޡҪ㵱Ӣ۵лؽ𰲸Щ޹ˣĽٲҽҶƮ˵ӹһ˿ݶĿؿ˿ĬԷĻش
Ȼ׼߽̽ˣһ£ܻҪġ
Ȼʵ޷ĺͶ۵һ

ҪɢЩǮưߣ⵹С£ɽׯƴ֣ҪһóһǧƽҲţһë
ҪĲҽҲ޷ͲԸ㽭òˣþƣ
ڲ࣬þƱʢָ֮ġҪǲĽ롣
Ӣ۵лȴЩסˡ
˫ۣĿģɲβŻʵлǸл﷨ѵҪɱҲɣ
ߣ㵹ʹ졣ҶƮЦһڶԷĴϺݺһЦҪɱ㣬Ͷˡµʮһһȵִᣬͬȥʱλǰ㣬͹Ӣ˱һͽ䡣
ʲᣡҪ¹򣡻Ҫһ٣
һʱ涼ǲ֮ɫֻҶƮɫ糣˵Ц
¹ܱһٱºʲ᣿
ҶƮ˴Сֵһְۣ̽ԼΪϽж˵ˣʵ˻ʹʹ
ʳһֱϰһ书δܼҲûܹ߸Ϲ˵ˣȻҪͥϥ¹򣬸Ҫʵ̫Ϊˡ
ʹúܣһ뵽ҶƮҪԼܴ裬ʵڷߺޣһѳԼ֣һϮ⣬ݵҲ΢΢ŤֺݶԹߣĹݣҶƮҲάֹΪεĴǽϵĵ塣ҳֻ֪ҵˣ޺³˶ѣóǱǣ㾹¹̣Ҷ£ܣ
ʲƨȻˣҶĳˣ
ҶƮȻȻܾԼ飬Ȼŭ˵£˽ҪߣҪߣŻ񣬼æʵȥ
ͬΪı˭мݶСͬסһݣȥҲݹܣٳΪ񽭺ߺĲ㣡ҶƮ˵껰νʣһָõߡ

ڽּ䣬δ˽
ǷɣҹԺ˰ޣ浶֮Ъ㶯Ҳûˡ
ԺӣЩѪŵòᣬæȥѰҳҶƮӰ
һֱ˳Ѫ߹ûȣǰʱɼӳڴϵĺӰǵӵĻ֮Ȼ˳
ͳ൱˵Ǻһ𳤴ġֻǳţ׿Ȼ֮Ľѣö֮Ľ֮ѳɰĽ֮ģֻҲ֪Լݵ΢˿ԽаذĽֻȴģһĻֻʹ飬ļ˲仯ΪӰ
ֻһʹҲʵԼӣԼְǻźĸһū͵ȥõĴࡣ

5

͵ģʱ˶ˣԶ֪һžͼҶƮýԼӡ
¶Ҳ룬һƱҶƮȥ
ҶƮоһƷϮæһ࣬սָ
ŭķɣʱЦܹ⻤֮ĺ˾塣
ĬȻܿҶƮһҪٳƣȴȵɣҹȥ
үӲܣ
ƴӣֻǽ̫֮ͻأ춹˽ֶĻʧ˷ִ磬ضһ䡣
дݱ˿ƺð
⻰ȷġ
ҶƮƣȴ̲˷ɶһ䶥ײ
ΪˣһĽ֮ˣһȴֻū͡
ǰһž򷽺ȥƺǿ׼˷ɲҶ
Ȼһذһţײڴϲǿͣס
үɫȻףؿڣѼ̣ѻһѪ˿
ܹܣĻҲ𣿡ŭδ۷ɣĿ
²ҡ¸ˣ
ɲ˲ǵѪ˿ϥһ漴Ѹٵȥ

ɳȥˣų̾һתֳҶƮ߹
ЦȻղŵŭ⣬ҶƮĮֻб
ߣǷˡ
ǣܵҪصĹء
ǸĮӣЦŨǰһסҶƮĲӡ
ҶƮҲƿĿȴ
Ҫ˵ȴ䲻ӡһǣ漴ЦҶ֣ʵҲܷ衣ֻԵĿԣ뿪ˮ򡣡
ޣʲԣ˵ҶƮ˰ȻЦձǹĴһ§
ҶƮϸ˵һЦһؽ£ѹ¡
ҡͷҶƮ̰ǣһƬȻ
㰡㣬̫ԼˣεˡҶƮһ䣬Ǵҧһڣһӡ
һҶƮÿһǣ춻˵Լʵݣ˵ӵ壬Ȼּ춴˵أóȻȥμʲִᡣ뿪˰ˮ򣬴϶ǿɾˡ
ⷬ˵ƮƮģ⣬ҶƮȴ˴һ
Ȼڽ˶֪ɽׯĳǳȴǸʮص뽭˽ύֻƾԼĺö񣬳ڸѡ䱦ȤֻֻҪϵĶˣǻǮҲãǿҲգһҪõ֡
Ȼý಻Ƕؿɶĳвм֮ҲóȻȥǡ
ȻȻǲ´Լȴδֻ֪סڸͿˮƷϣ֪Ҳᣬ֪֪֪رȴ֪ǵʥϵ塣

㡭ǻ壿ϲ𣿡ҶƮϲţȴҲܿͻָ򶨡
̧°ͣĿˡ
Ǻǣ֪ߣҲҾڵĸͺȻʰܩ롣ĿҶƮ֣ݼ䲻֪Ϊ¶Ƿ֮ɫһ̾ϢȻҵĳ֣ж֮ģǻ֮᲻ñʽҴһ䵽ƫԶ֮أʲͺǴ٣뿪ˮһԷ۴
ǵɲľȻʵǲһֵ֮顣
ҶƮ¶¼ŷ֮ɫȻô˹ᣬί޴йԲŵ鷳İɣ
Ҫ֪쳯¿Ǻε磬һ˲²м̴ͳ
Цˣͷ⣬ֵҲһ㲻ֵ֮飬ô׼ڴ˵ؾٻ󣬰Ʒ޸ׯһɹ֪Ҹϵ˳ҲҪ֣˲뿪ط⣬ҵӹñǰүʱҪʹ졣
ҶƮĻĬΣɫʵˣǴ˵Ȼʼ˽£үΪλ׸ˣ
ˣһЦɫϷʡһסҶƮ΢΢ʱҶƮüͱй֮ѵΪ𣿱٬֮ˣ
￴ȷǸ٬֮ˡھ¥һ㽫°ɽǷʲὭɱȲĶͶߣǺүҲǸӵܰˣ֪ͶŮŮèèϹ
ҶƮʹ˦֣õؿüĿ̲סҪԼ
˵Ҳ֣˷˸˾ӵģЦȣмΪȴǰղ̣Լģֻ֪Ҫá


6
ҶƮ˵ƿԣҲĻ
ϸԼ⼸ҹгŮ檣һʱҲ
ҪסģԼֻһûʲʵȨ⵽ĺү
ߣƽϡҶ֣վ¥һʵʣóȻɽһۣǼ£㲻Ҳúúõ˵ˡ
˵Ȼֹֻ̧ۿ˿ҶƮĿ˼֮ɫ
˵˵ʲ᣿ҶƮϷʵضסֶЦ
ҶƮһۣĿ˴ա
ڴ˵أ꣬δҴ˵ָͬʹˡɽׯһȻĹȴʼΪݵλ⣬롣ɽµˣҲЩå˵ЩҳŵгŮ檣̰ͼĽǮƣֻη屾ƣҽദ˵̾һɻ˴ϣ̧ͷĿꡣ
ҶƮ˻ȥҲ˳ƲԵϣķ˿ָŪ
˵ģҿÿҲúңһç򣬳ǮҲͲ֪ˣޣͺ
ƿ֣˵ЦҶƮһۣȥֵӲҲգȻÿսʳȴüįһֻ֪һȺֻ֪µūšȻһּͽҹ⿴ƻ֮Уֻ°꣬Ҿͻˡ
֣ܰ
ҶƮſϣᱡذɰ볨½ǳǳѩ׵ļǡ
Ĭȴ¶Ц⡣תͷסҶƮ϶ԷĴ䣬ͬԷ
ˣ㣬ҾͲˡ
ɿҶƮĴȴҶƮϣһҪҶƮˡ
ҶƮЦҡҡͷס֣ԼϷʵ˵үҿ㲻ǲֻˡ

ִܿ
ɲδԶؿǽߣͷָ͵ģֱѪҲ֪

ɽׯϿֻһλҶƮ
ˣ˲°ɣ
վԺſڳֵķɣɫ԰ףԼΪǨŭһŵ£ﵹҲһ˿ھΡ
غү¡
ޱ飬Ͻͷ
û¾ͺãûȥҩ˸㱸ЩѪٵҩͲæˣϢȥɡ
޷үְ£ССְء
Բ㣬ţü϶ʱá
Լ˼ʲ£ҲԼ˵ΥԼĻο÷һδȱˡ
ޡܹܵ书ˣʢŭµһ񻹰ȻҲգҪվվɡֻǣҺҶԶЩǰѾԻ
˵꣬Ժȥ·ɴ˵ԭأһ
ʵ֪ɶԼ˼ֻΪûףԸ߰Դ󣬲ݻӣɲɷɵһƬġ
ɷɱϾСԼˣ׻˵˶и飬οء
ȻԼķɣȴҲҪһԼߣԼǲԼƣԼɧǳԼΪڴ˵һǻԹ֮
ҶƮĵɱԵˡ
ƼϵҶƮˣЦǰ

үˡҶƮȻԼһơ
ƾƱǳǳһڣ漴̾ȻǺþơ
õľƣׯﶼУֻ»ʹҲûȫ
ߣҲһ
¹ˮӳڱУӳ˶䡣
ִᣬǲȥˣҶƮȻضһЦ˾ơ
˵ˣȻ뿪ˮ벽Է۴ǿҪɱͷġ
ֻаѽܶ뵽˴ˡ
ҶƮ˻һҲ֪Ǽ١һתɫ糣ٱЦִ춳ң˵ǣ֮֮УĪҶֶˣ
ҶƮȻʧЦ̧ۿ˿춿Цˣ˵ǣģ
ãֻҪ˵֣ұԣڴ˵뽭ܣǿ׷Ǳģһһٱֵ֪õġ
ҶƮĻش𣬲ˮĿʼζҶƮϡ
ҶƮЦͷ㿪Ϭ׷Ŀ⣬˻תͷˣϾǻ׹ݣν̲ϴǲ֮ɡøͺܽç
бҶƮһۣǵЦޣվ᲻ðɡ
Իỻʽ㡣ҶƮŵƷƣһıЦү㳤˿Ůװ֪һ羰
뿴ɫ糣ֻ˫ȴ΢΢ð
뿴ҶƮ΢ѬĿᱡ´Ǹŵ֣˹ǽԼӲ֮⣬ɫһ㲻Ů˵ѷɫ


7
Ժſڣ汻ǲʱһŮ˵·
סǸŮʵʲ᣿
Ů֧ܹܻǺүҪġ
ҶƮԺг޸㣬ҪȶΪΣ
ɲ⣬ȴԼʲΣסŮʣүҪⶫʲ᣿
ǡҶ˵˵뿴үŮװ
ʲ᣿ɾ㵲ѣ޵ҧгݡ
ҶƮԼӣǸĸŷǷĳ
ܹûʲ£ūȽȥˣүء
Ůɫ䣬Ⱦ˷ŭϽԺڰѶ˹ȥ

ʢŵһ׺׽ƵŮװҶƮ߹ȥǣ·һչ¹£ӳҫӺݻ
ҶƮسһЦʵүźأԼ֣
غԵŮվһѴҶƮж·
Ͳźˡһɽһ߰ѿĽī
WŮװְѹҲȡˣкһͷ¹ӳ΢΢˿
תҿҶƮƵĶ磬鲻Խǰ
磬ÿ𣿡濪˫ۣɢҶƮǰת˸Ȧ
үƯ
ҶƮƱһڣߵǰʸϣȻľˮι˹ȥ
㴼ľˮԶ˴ݼкӨ͸ҶƮܲɷֵӵǣȻҡ
ҶƮĿºͶڴ˿̣֪ԼΪʲ뿪ɽׯΪʲɱ֮ˣȴ²֣ԭĵܻΪˡ

ҶƮͽұҼҺүŮװ㿴
Ժ߲ͻȻһźԺڵŮ˳ʱ֪ҶƮҪƳŮװһ¾Ҫ档
ԼóȻײȥⲻŭҪɵɵԼӱҶƮ裬ȴҪ̵
һҶƮϧ飬ҶƮܵõģҲ̲ȥ˵Ժ
һԺǴŮҶƮӵһ

ɵŭһͷϽܹܾɱᵶվ
֪Ϊʲŭȴװ֪
ΪҪȡõĲˣԼĽҶƮ
ԷɣϵʧһɶԷسˣȥ
ĿضҶƮûƵģش
ȻӵҶƮɱ˹ȥԴ֮ͽҾүúýѵѵ㣡
ҶƮһЦҲ˽ֻǲδ緽ǰಫ֮⡣ɵĵ棬Цл˵ܹܣڵľֹʧúء
ūţֱ޷ˣ
˴ץƱϥһӣѨűƵڵأ޷ٺҶƮ
ׯ׷׸˽һ㿴ŮװͲ֪Ϊιڵϵķɡ
ˣѷɸҹصȥ
ȻһЦеĵ˽Լ
̧ͷŭ¸үϢŭ

ȫޣŮװһߣɱѺȥˣŷ߷λϡ
û뵽㡣ҶƮ̾һҲʡ
˼󱭾ƣԲβź޺޵ĸƨԴװˣһٶҺ£Ĳ
ҶƮС̲סЦԴף˵үˣǺ°
Цһ̧ͷ۲֪ʱڸǵĿ¶⡣

8

үҶƮͲĴΪִԲ򣿣
ɱ̼ϣѱȥһѪۣǱ޴¡
Ȼ৵һ죬ؿذһǣɲʱƤ
͵ƱߣͷƷ裬ûһֻۣǻԸٳص㡣
ҧסһֿ񱩵ı޴ʹǺȴϳ
޴ͣЪүʵڲ̿ϷŪ
ͣʲᣬ򡣡
ƺеЦ⣬ԵͷƷ裬Ҳһۡ
ХıС̶Աߵ˶òΨɫƽϷƵڰݡ
үϧ֮裿
˵ͣŭ
²յͣ˱޴Լ̤ϵĻδɵѪߵ˷ǰ
ɰֻǱһʲʱֵ˵ˣ
˵껰ץһԲ̾ߵĲϾ˷ɵֽӹӣ׼ɣͷرһٺݳ顣
ǰû㣬ǵһΣҺúüס
һޣйƵĵͳڷϣʹˣȴҧĲһԣ˫Լߣ򰮻Թأӡ

ס֣
ҶƮȻڵſʱһıҲ˰գδ¡
Ҫ𣿣
ҶƮԾؿۻѪķɣǰıӣݺһߡ
ʱʶԼŭߵЩͷ֪ѷ˵ء
ҪĿϴūžȡҲѵһ£֪˭ˡ
ƨĻ㣬ȴֱǺڰײ֣
ҶƮǲ˼ӣ֪߳غôĺүѷɴ̼ϽȴֶԷʹûȥ
ҶƮ˵ɫףָⶼ΢΢
ҧҧԲѵķɣطԸˣܹܻطϢúÿˡ

һ̷˾֪ȤɢˡֻҶƮ档
ߣҶǰ£ׯҲˡ
ǲԷղһͨת۾ؼҶƮ
ҶƮҲʾɫҹܵ£Ҳǲƽ£ЩУ˵˿ɶĹȴ˶޲磡
ңôߣҲŭ𣬻ƾҶƮȥ
ҶƮЦһһƣ˵ű߶ˣƽЩ˵Ķ
ɫ࣬ѵϾдȣҪǿʶȴҲʵĽڡ
˻ӵڵһƽľҶƮЦ
Ʈ㽣Ҷǿ·ƽε֮ʵ塣´ϣȷв֮һúôһˣˡ
˻һǰҶƮϾϲľҶƮˬֱʵھ󲻹ҶƮⷣҲ˿ûа취¡
˼ҴѪһ仰ƮƮ𣿣
ֻҶƮȴ۶ԼЦΪ
죿һҶƮǲףɶԷͱ˵̬ȣȼŭ
ϴ㲻˵ԸҾҪһٱޣǲϣҶƮЦʵ
ҲѴŮװ㿴𣿣ҶƮǰ£ҧгݡ
ҶƮŵüûЦɤһѹĵ˵û˵㴩Ůװˣҿ㴩Ҳܸˣأ
㣡
ĻµֻǷ߷߶ҶƮŭݣǿƽ̬֮ҶƮ˵ãһԣ׷Ͼǣһٱ𣬱㻹ң
˵껰ʰӱ㶪ҶƮȥ
ҶƮ˿Ѫ߰ߵıӣֿ˿һЦƿ˵εţǰ˳ȥͷҲأҲϲɭĵطǻǻȥɡ

9
ԭϾбԼ粻ˡ
ҶƮһݾͿʼ½ɵ΢΢ۡ
㻹ʲ᣿
һҶƮתͷվһԶҲ̲סߴ
һվ᲻ãеĵ⡣
ҶƮĴĿ̰ɨ޳ӡ
ļڽӴ˴ͬǺڼԺеһȡ
Ļſ˴ϣɢ·˿ڱϡ
ҶƮıͷ˿࣬үӹúãҲúáҪⱳ±ӡ᲻ˡ
ޣ𣿡֮ʣ£ʹҲ⡣
΢΢һЦ뷴ת§סҶƮһһⷽڵεĻȴӺȻһŻ󿪵ıмҪѨҶƮˡ
ʱʵҶƮʲ᣿
ҶƮЦ˫ôӵ˳ߵӰ˴ͷ
ʲ᣿˵ٱٲ˵ģӢǰˡ
һȻʧЦԭԼҶƮվ᲻Լͷ
ѵ緽֮ԣҶƮĶԴԼʵǿɺޣЦ
ҶƮѽһŲ䣬á
ү֦ҶҲûܹǵ𷣣һ̲סʹֱʧ棬ֻˡ
ҶƮᣬǸıӣ޴ֶָͨ巢ڣɵѪ棬͸һɭȻɲģ
תͷҶƮ߹ֻƺЦ漴ͱ۰ͷϣٲҶƮһۡ

˵ʵⱲʰַ࣬ȴûʰĻ׹ݡ
ҶƮЦıһĨ৵ػӾͳȥ
ǺñӣƤҲƷһӡȴ֬ı͹֣Ѫʹë˳
ҶƮ֪ʹҪؿλֻ֪˵ĳڰһʽ˱ڴͷ֣ʹµк˳
ҶƮĶͷϿٵػһ㱡ɫҲܿ쿪ʼòҰס
ʹֻڱӽӴһ˲ʹԻ
ü˿ƯĽëҲļ¶˲˫ۣȴû
ҶƮ⸱ŵģֳ̧˵ڶޡ
׼δ˵һǱǺʹȴסĲԼΨһйʹ
ҶƮ治ɫȥޣıޣޡһֱʮޡ
ûмЪҲûϢĻᡣ
˹Ȼסˡ
ҶƮӻĦʮ˺ۣʹ߳
үζܰɣ
ҶƮϷʵһЦ°ͣŤԼ
ҪⲻһĳڸǸʲ顣
۰ΪʹĿҲЩ㱣ҲԳһʵ
գգۣӨĽëϹĲ֪ỹǺȻͷֱֱҶƮ
˫ޣҲ޷ŭֻĪ¶˸е㺡
ѵԼûƢˣ
ҶƮǳķӳ
ΪԼĸĺүض޲ࢼ⣬ȴĪ˵޹Ƶġ
ҶƮľˮƵĿ⿴ȻĶرſסԷ°͵֡
ɫԶ֮ȴ֮ʣվ㣳֮¡
ʱҶƮֻΪԼǽסջԲźͿĴʱͷһžãԼǽסջ󣬶ǽס˵ջ
ղһۣ᲻ˡ
ҶƮüȡԼɵϡ
˼£ջǱӾϢٵɵϣʱ΢΢ҡͷ۲
ģзִ磬˵Ľǵġ
ҶƮ䵭ذοһ䣬Ƴְֽʽһ֪Է׼ֶӣرܿе˴ȥ

10
ʮҶƮ۵ùǺ
ÿһ޶ðպȣȻЩ˱ԶªƯıˡ
鵽ʮ޵ʱʼҶƮûйԾɺĽ𷣽еס
ʮ޵ʱСˣҲƺû̱ı϶Ѫı޺ۡ
ҶƮ±ӣӿǲٴȥˡ
⿪ͷϵĿѨүү
Ĵض˶ҶƮȥ˵ʲᡣ
ʹˡ
һ䣬ǺҲˣһʱʹſȥ
ɴ͹ԹԵһˣֻżػתһתͷ
ˣʮޣʮ޾Ƿ
ҶƮʹ̾һȴΪŵԶο
ЩѪɫӡҶƮôĿʹؿʼЩ˿ڣĿ䵽˶Էδμ䡣
ż˺۵壬ҶƮ㵵طԼƵģ˷ӳ
ԭǷΪѭԼԲ·ƭϴ͸֮ǰʮʱר־Ҳδк˼롣
ڣ޴ͣԼǰˣʹһˣȴҲ˿ЩķɫԱʺĿ˿Լʱʱ˱ļ¶

ھҪ㡣
ҶƮаЦ˿ùѲ˿ϡ
հиĹɼ䣬ԷѲر˫ȡ
ʣҶƮо޷ֹֻҶƮ;ϣʱСĻ壡
ҶƮգһЦ漴뿪ӡ
ýݵ´ץ·ףױ߶Цģ˺֮ǰҾ֡˵ˣϵҲѿֻݲݰˣĵسͰʼҵɡ
Ļ̵ؿһʹĿһ⣬ɵҶƮˬʵЦ֮ᣬȴֻϵù̾˿
ҪȥҶƮ·Ҫȥ˲ʹæס
ҶƮͷµִӣһЦʮֵ⣬ҵȻȥҩ˳Ҳϴˮ農ģ˭күḱ˺۵Ӷأ
˵ЦǺˬ̹ϣġ
ذͷϣϵʹЩˡ
봹ĿºͶضſڡ


ȻʱһǱģһָܿǸȵӡ
ϵѾõòֻ࣬˿ڻδȫϣҪҩ
ҩ£ҶƮˡ
ҩ࣬ĨģȻشĨ˿ϡ
ϰִ֣Լ˿һʹɫһͲˣ˼ӱͲ𣿻Ǵʹ
ҶƮɬЦԳ´һֲǺүŮɣ᣿ѽҪӾ㣬Ȼ˼ˣ˵ȥɡ
˵ȻһĿӡ
æӣŤͷס衣
ҩҶƮһɫſȥĨҩСĵϵ˿Ĩҩ
տʼúõҩɽ־ʹƵľ˶Էڲࡣ
һиѱҶƮ
үҶС۶ҶƮؾһ䣬ֲڵ־סи۶
㡭
յûϴһ顣
̽ץ˵񻨴ͷʱɫ
үҴ㣬֪Ӷ͵һ¡
ҶƮ˳ư˻ڶԷ̵ĶϣʱЦϸǲ
΢΢ͷҶƮŤȥ޲ٿһЩ
Ҷķʽ˼
ЦƳһҶƮͷ˵ò̫
ҶƮֻǰøЩʡԼĳȥ
ͺү⹶֮£Ҷĳʲֱͺã
ҶƮĵشŪڣ׼ʱסиĸֲڵָ֮ϡ
һкܵѹݵҶƮ
ҶƮſУһɢһͷīɫĳʱ˿˿˳ɢǰϣԼϡ
ƯҶƮ͵һЦһɣתȴŪø
ס̼ͷһҰڣҲһͨŤһͷ˿Ҳ
ȻһһɶҶƮĻ
治֪Ǹ׹
ҶƮɿɻ˴ϡ
ﾹ뵳һˮȷǳ֮֡
⡭
Ĵ΢΢˶û˵꣬㱻ҶƮĴȥ
˶ĥ֮䣬ҶƮǸĺүԼĿ
㲻Ҫ뿪ңһֱҡ
ҴӦ㡣
ԽҶƮǲر˵ĸ֡
һΣǳ԰ذį˽˻

11

ȫȻָ֮ᣬǳ
ҶƮҲŵԣδ뿪ɽׯ
ÿն֣дգӹգձڽУΪĴæ֪˶١
ֻǣǲĿҲ˺ܶ࣬òҶƮʱһЩԹ͸п
գ鷿ׯҶƮһƵغȾƣЦǰľƱ
ߣҴȥԡ
ร

ƷɽɫνµһɽҲٲޡ
ÿڸȡ֣ǵƥȥ꣬Ƕ˸ҶƮ
ɵҲˣǶٽѵ֮ᣬסԼݣٸΣҶƮҲѺࡣ
ԼŭһССԸҲ㡣
ү
ǣİƣϥ£Լı䵱ʯ

䵭ؿ˷һۣǶѥ̤ıһԾ˳
ҶƮһԿ΢ü⽾ԵҲ֪ʲʱܸĵ˵Ļϰԡ
ס֣תҶƮüһЦҶ֣
ҶƮһīۣڸ湭ɫȻϣȻٲȻһȡ
ҶƮͳЦҲԾߵߣ̲סһ䡣
ν⣬УĪˣ
ãδҶƮǾͷӱһָָ㽭ɽ֮״
ǰĻϿҰڶ࣬ûܴϻҶ֣߰ɡ
˵껰һģµ񱼣Ͽȥ
ҶƮ΢΢һЦᣬХһ˫һУµİҲǰ׷ϡ
ɽׯһĿԶȥŷ׷׻ȥ
ΨзԶԶע۷ɵıӰþòԸ뿪

ҶƮһǰһϿʼּתƣһ͸ջ
һܶදﶼʳͼȹѰĶ
ͻȻľ¶һֻ¹Ӱˣ鹭乭һ¹Ӧ
ΪʱʱҲһԷ󽫡
ϧղ١
꣬Ŀ漴Цһͷջ񵹷ᣡ
¹̫Ҳߣֻȡǰ¹ףֻصϡ
ү˰ÿ궼Ưĵطԡ
ҶƮס֣ζУʱϿԵԶ¡
ʲˣưˡĮһЦĿ΢΢ĿҶƮ˵ȻĪеҽڰˮҵֻˡЩʵ۵ģɹԼҲŹʲԵ£
ǰҲͦƵģ߽ѳϰߣδԹ᳤ʱһطҶƮ̸̾ܶǻʼҵ¡
Ȼʣʥ»ʵۣԵλȻȴܰգΣһʱ̫ƽհӣҲνһʢ
ʥ»ʵ۵Ķӣλ׶µԵּλһ䣬Ҹ
ҶƮж޵µӺǾ壬ԲԸ˳Ļȥ顣
Ҳʵ۹Ȼú£ȴܴü¡
ÿһʵһ׹ʧƣϾʵ۵λֻһԵλвˣͬҲᱻȻȥ
ֻ򹦻ˡ
ҶƮǵãǰߵɲľ߽磬ͳӭС
ʱһٴɲľ׶ǵĺǩʥ飬ٲַҳ߽磬ŵɹ
ʱʱ£޲ֳƿ죬ҲǳΪλһƵУ˫ȫү
ûãʥ»ʵԶλλһʱ伣ƺҲΪҲ湦ү
һүһүյվһɲ䣬һֻƾʶƵˡ
ҶƮ֪ĹҲ֪ίƣȴȰã˵á
߹ĸˣԽȰԽǰοֻ»Խʹࡣ
ĬĬߡ
֮Ȼû˻ƵģĬ

Ѿˡ
Ͽķ嶥ܴʶǰɫԶ
ɽ˰ˮĽޡֻܵˡ
תͷҶƮЦһ£ͷۣӭ޷ڷз
ҶƮһԾƵϣ
̽§סɽǱߣЦʵߵķ羰ʵҲֻΪߣԲſ
ͷ˳ƿҶƮļϣ˵һܺαɽӣöңڡ
ҶƮһ㶣ĿƳĨįЦݡ
Ȼһԭס֡
ΪʲҪ˶ңҵʲ᣿
ֱӣҶƮһݵĳХ
ԹޣįʹУҶƮüֻܴᣬס

12

ɫǣߡ
ƵëʱϹȥһ
벻㻹Ǹ֮ˡҶƮЦ߽ӲĹ
ͣ²ӣƵëҶƮ˵ˣҪǾ͵ؿҰζԣջС
ȻģλүȴͲ῾ʲҰζ
ƥ˩һԵϣ֮һԣؿҶƮæµضѲ
ʲ᣿
ҶƮò׼ܺòѣȴһشһʯͷϣѹûһĴ㡣
̾˿ԼȻ࣬ȲЩܹ˵
ҶƮ˴Ұζ˹ҰáɽèӡӣЩ֪ʲĶһء
ʲᰡү
ʱڵվߵһҰζǰ˼һᣬýżһֻëɽ
ⶫóԣǰҴ˻ȥܷԸ˺úƣζΪ
ҶƮֻɽбۿ˵ұޣʱ򿾵òóԣүɱ

ҶƮϾǾڽƯˣҹҰϰߣҰζҲǿˡ
ɽİëֵԱߵϪϴ֮ᣬŴһϼڻϿ
յž죬Ŀתضɽ
ҶƮõһСƬ⣬˳ȷˡ
˺һȵݸԷ˹ȥ
˿ڼ⣬ǳ˿ԼׯԵĻѷɫ޵óԡ
˳һֻɽδɴҰҲܵ˻ϡ
ҹĻѽ˱һᣬҶƮЩڿʣȥϪЩˮȡ
ԶԶæкˮ
վʱЩǺܿ˹ȥ
ණҲó˰ɣЩˮЩ
ŶһϪˮʪԼѥһ۰ڣһִˮУСضڰߣ˼峺ϪˮҲվˡ
Ա˺ˣ
ҶƮ˸ɴɵ˲ݵϣΪǹ˸ҹա
߹Ц׵ҶƮߣ˵ɫǻǿׯȥɡ
ʲ᣿þû͹ҹɫˡɽׯǽ˻ߣˡ
ҶƮĿɫˮЩ˸ǳ޾ĸоӯأе֮֮
ͷƳ۶ԼߵЦʲᣬƵģ죬Ȼбĸܡ
ҶƮ֣ȣһ˵ӵģ
ЩΪѣ漴ǲǷᱻ¶Ūʪ࣬һɵҶƮԡ
ѧ֣Ҳ߸ߵһֻż⻹ػθͣʮĺ
Ĳ֮ϣǳһƿ죬úԼƽտĶһ
Ե̾ǿյŤͷҶƮЦˡ
Сʱһʲᷳ£ϲ죬ûһͺˣҲˡ
ҶƮСʱ򣬽ס¶˼΢Ц
ҲԼСʱͥԺĻʹΪǿįͯꡣ
ҪḱڵϿǣ϶ǻΪֹ˶ܵ𷣡Ǳһῴ죬ÿ
˵ŲӣҶƮЩǹ⡣
ȻҶƮѹϡ
ᣬҳͲ±лˡ
ҶƮӸ£ϸʶƯֿۣ˫Ķļįˡ
įģȴůġ
ҶƮĴܵ˶ԷᣬҲܵ˶ԷԼꡣ
û˻ƽȶɵذƽȶɵر
ûκԤȵԼ˶ĵԷ
Ĳƺ߻ȵ壬ĥ
ҶƮסһ졭һ뿪ɽׯңرɽ󴨡
ҶƮĳ˿˿
ҶƮʹŻĶǰһһס֣ʮָۡ
ǳ¹ɴסƬݵأɽ֣СϪ
ݵӰܵӵһ𣬵Եڿտɽּ쳣
˩ƺҶƮİʱһȴԻ̰ˡ

13
һҹδ顣
ɿһҹķˣ£漴˼׼ǰȥѰδˡ
ȻҶƮ书ǿɽҰڶ࣬һȺȺǴ
ΨһںΪʲԼûϵشȥѰڣֻƽ¡
մ߳һ·ԶԶ㿴һһƥԼ߿
ĺȻ¹ڲĳʹǷҶƮ
¹ӭүɿӰɱ˵ߡ
ɫãҲ룬һԵҶƮǡt
ŨصƳ۵߹ķɣػ˻ӿ䣬ɣˣ
¼үҹδ飬óȻǰӦ
ǰǣס֣ƽ£һҲ춷
ϣҶƮһЦ֪̾Ҿһ̰˹·
ҶƮͷִߣݺүͣˣһȥһҪȺú˯һųɡ
仰˵ģȴ÷һ
ҶƮ¹ڲֳҹ飬ˣһ֪Ƿʲ¡
Ҳˣֻ֪ҶƮⷬϷʵĻ춻ȴʹġ
ҶƮⷬϷʣЦ㽫Ŀ䵽Լǣķϡ
ĮעСԼߵˣȻöԷ֪ʲʱᰭۡ
ɣȻׯٸҺҶ׼緹ˮ
ǣү
ޱɿƵʩᣬԼϡ
Уܿʧ


ʵҲֻ֪̰֡
٣ҶƮͷֳʼæˡ
ҶƮҹ峿ʱ𴲵Ķׯʲ£Դ
Ʒ䣬ɽׯɽһ𣬾ô̹ǡ
ʹԼҲԸڰҹ峿ʱůı
ɽĳȴߵ֮ᣬ𴲣ûаس
һϵүһССһصˣ»Ҫȥæأ
ҶƮԺ˸ͷ޷ȥ뾿

֪
ɽķҶˣһƬƵȼƷ塣
ҶƮңԶľɫֿʼԼǰĺƯ
ڣõˡ
ҶƮп̾˿ƬҶ紵ֽ
һιƼķҶˣƮԶ
ҶƮƮɵķҶ˼ʼִᡣ
һִҪʼˣҲֲ֪֡Լֵġ

鷿˼ɽׯᣬϲãһţҶƮ
ɽׯ±ߣȻͦεϤӰ
Ҷ֣¼ʲ᣿
㿴
ҶƮЦЦͿƺܺõĳ
ߵҶƮߣԶĿ䡣
֪ʲ᣿
֪ҶƮбۿ˿¶ְ֮ɫĳ뵽ףԼÿƵˣԼÿģˡ
Ʈ㽣Ҷÿִϱسͷȴȥɣƣ
ƼԷһԼû޵ӣǵ⡣
תͷһЦƶϷʣҶƮȴֻ̾˿˵˵ĲҲȫԡȥִȻźźǿִӢϴĳ棬ʵڿϧ뿴ˣԹԵͷģ
ҹԹԵͷģ㲻Ǽܶ𣿡
ͷһЦ۽һҶƮϡ
װҿģΪ治֪ҶƮһɫȴ˼滺
ֹ̽ȥľ࣬˳
үǷʮء
һץסҶƮԼϵ֣֮ɫŨˡ
ͱ˰ĿҶƮҶƮ
ǾǷߵ𴦣ֻҪǵóǷɡ
ҶƮƫִķӳЩԾܿˡ
Լ֣ˬʵشЦΪǲŵСҶƮ˵ڳߣʳԡ
ƲֵڳߣҲƲֵġ
˿ǰأЦɿҶƮ֣ҶƮӦƮ֮䣬һɽ֮ۡ
ᣬˣ벻ṩѳסˣ
ҶƮ֪˼룬ȴװ֪ģǰֲصʸ˶ԷĴϣ˵ˣ
ֻĿЩһ˿
ҿɲӦҶƮȻקݺݵס˶ԷĴ
ʱɽׯܹܷһįɽׯſ±ӵĶˣת

14

үʲԸ
ɫɱѻϢȴȻūȥ鷿˵ǺүҪ
ԼѾܾûͳദˣһߴ·һ߸еӡ
֪ȥΪʲ£һϣȴֹ˵¡

ˣ
˿Ƶ£ֻߣ͵ƹӳԲ԰׵˵䡣
ɵͷصһߣҾʵ֪үʲԸ
ƿߵߣЦȻΪǵĴ¡üޣҲϣҶƮ֪£òײŰˣлú̸̸
վѹүģүؽ½Լ棬Ѵ׵ֻҪһݸǾռƻ¡һϱ£λ˾ͻӦϣ췴ʱҲʵѵʱİˮͻϮʦΪ
ǷܹܣֻҪ½㣬͸ˡءλԶɲľʱľɲ֮Ůһ޸ܵǵλӭȢŮᣬǱС浽ѡ³֮ᣬԷͣڻ¡Ȼ׹Ǻġ
ص˵ͷ˳»ۣʵˣҵĻʵֶѲȷסؽУȷϲıˣ
ǵģؽѴ£Ѿ̫һǰȥӲˣϽʱ϶ס
Ǿͺá¶һĨЦĿЩ¡
һΣҪؾΥɣҪǸ߸ϵĵλ
ΪʱͼıֻϧǴıƸиα㱻ǴĻݶԼΪͺּڰˮƷϡ
ӢĻһ»۵Ұ
ʱ⣬˵˵̲̣ȴ㹻һ˵Ұٶ̳
СĻ̌ͷһվҶ໰
׸ߣ両֪λĴԶүºƽ֮£ҰĲûƽϢһ̡
ֻϧȴǸԳˡ

ߵĬķɱᣬļ磬쳣º͡
ɣЩˣ󹦸֮ᣬһ㡣
һ˵ԸΪүǣ̰ͼ
ɣ֪㲻̰ˡԱΣƽգЩ𣬻㲻Ҫϡƽ֮ᣬһúòЩܵί˵գ˷ɡ
ܳҪǧ˵ǻߣȴ޿κε˻ȥ
Ǹ߹ٺ»鱦ˡ
ЩͲҪ
ҪģԶòˡ

ƺûпԼ̾ЦһĳضԷɵһбͽиˡˣҵûȥˣҶƮһˣҲߣ׼ʶҲЩϢɡ
˵Ŀһ
ԼеϣʵڳҶƮһ͸ǻҷ𣬿Լ룬ֳܷһ˿Լ
뿪鷿еԼĽŲǰδеأҲеԼʹԱ

15

ɽϵܱɽø䣬ɽ»ֻǸϢʱƮЩСѩƷϵѩѾˡ
ҶƮ¯ʢůŨŨж䣬ֻȴ˲٣ɽȥˣѩ󣬲֪ʲʱͻˣɽȥҲǼ鷳£ҶƮҲ״Ӧɴա
Ʒ¾ƣһûһ죬Ľĳ͢£书̸
һֻǰղ´ѼҹⱭֳɫһᷢӫ⡣
ҶƮûʲȤֻԱʢľȤ
˵һǾǧ仨Ϫز㣬ʮطɼһһĸ߰۸¡
үֻ˿Ǳӣƶˣһֵˡ
ҶƮζ㴼ҷȴľƻû
̧ҶƮЦЦǳһھƣ˵Ҷ֣ݸÿ궬һֺѩƣ˾Ʋûѩƶ¿ɿڣƢһֻⶬһأһزһ̳ѣһɹٸ˽أǳãȴü
ҶƮþƣȴδݸļ
ݸλϵ뺣ڣԷ羰ƣҶƮһҲҪȥϼΣĽѷ۰Ѿƣͳ¡
ǹٸ˽㵽֣
֪ԷԼһڴǺѩƵ⡣
ҹұѩɽǰݸƷǺѩƣҲɢɢġ˰ţҶ֣֪ΣĵؼҹⱭº͵Ŀ͸һɽ
ҶƮЩȻĴ㣬ԷϾǱʥּ춰ˮĻү׵ȥ𴦣
㲻˵Цɣ㲻ʥ֪Υּˣ
ֲӣƣǻǣǰ᲻µĹׯѰź֤֪Ц
ϸҶƮϵЦᡣ
Ʒ꺮ѩƣҾһ·ֱʹʱҪ㿴ҵǻҪ֪Ʈ㽣ҶҲվڱһߵġ
ҶƮƭһΣһٻ㲻Ұɣ
ӽУҶƮתӣֱصգȻһδҪԷĸѾڲС
ȻһЦְҶƮƮ㽣ҵ
廨ǧãơ˱еľƣѱӶһߣһ࣬һббһ佣ɲǼϨһյ
ͬų
ҶƮ̧΢Цٱྴ
ģųҶĳͬ
ۿڵأüһ䣬ѾҸ֮ɫ

ɽׯó棬ѩ
ҶƮóãë멣ƤñƤ׻֣ٲȻһ̤ѩԶеģǣ
㲻ܹȥ
ҶƮ캮ض֮ʱУһһһ̳ɹٸ˽صĺѩƣó˵ǧ׷ɱϾ޿ܵľ񾢶ᡣ
˳ڰͷ˿ҶƮЦܹѱҲȥһҪˡ˳ݸܼɡ
Ҫ£һɽׯĻƽȥͨȡһ̳ѩ˰ɣ
ǷˣȴٲİԵɡ뵽ҶƮͰЦ
ѩúܺʹɽ·С
ڳƺҶƮİǰԡ
ƥˣСĵɽ·£ÿһߵȵ
ҶƮ⽥𣬿Ƿ絶ϴҲС˹ΧĿڷѩлȻ׷ѰӰ
򶨵ǰ濪·־ػĵɽ֣ӹһ˿⡣


ݸˮ򲢲Զزա
ҶƮɽ˸طһ٣˾񣬴Щ·
˳ݸʱﾹȻϣٱ˽ȥ˵ǻʵҪѲˣ˵һŲǡ
ҶƮػת뿪Խǽ롣ߵĿĳ
ֻƣǿۣͷĹٱ˿ƣϸһҶƮһӹٱɢ˳ǡ
ҶƮػͷ֮ǰֺһⷹٱ֪ǿʲᣬ˹˳
ǿʲ᣿ѵķ
պƣ˲ӣǣߵҶƮߵ˵ǹ̫ƣרʵ¡
㣡
ҶƮЦãԼôҲôȻҪð̫ܽǡҲó

ЦǣǰУǰǳݸõľ¥ӣѶ˾ϯͷ

16
ݸǽַ̼ʢ羰
ȥӵֱƳݸһߣֽյģСС̷ڽֱƣ棬ֻܸ̯ӣߺ֮һȥ۷
Ҳȥӣδ뿪ˮпճ䣬ȻȤ
׷µĽֱߣ̯ǰ֣Ψһߵ̯ǰ壬ǰ߸߲鲼֪أ£ָ֮䡣
˵ôĿָ붨ͷҶƮһЦ
ҪܶƭǮˡҶƮǲЩʿһ
֪˵ĻǲǱһЦ·Լ̯ǰҶƮ˵ʲλţλ࣬СͷƭǮģǶλˡ
ס֣վԼᣬҶƮһۣѿʼףҶ֣Ȼ˵ˣǸɴ
ҶƮ֪ȻΪʲ£ԷһԾԾԵӣŵĺүûӴŻСȤɡ
ҲãӵϸܸƭҲʶ
áȰɡҶƮЦһѴ˿ϵЦ
ֹ̽ȥϸơ
Ƭ֮ᣬ߶Ȼ𾴵ֺ̻룬Ǹ˼ңֻ;ⶣ볣ܵãһһһȹǡ
˵˴ԣֻ΢Ц
ΪԼòǷԲʲֺ̻һ˵ֻ˵Լ;ⶣʱݡ
֮ʮºպս 
ԭΪ̳֮дͳ뵽ĸʾǰλԼĸ磬ʱ󳼶ʾ飬ıδ뵽ıļƻδһѱʵ֪ʹԼ䵽ŵĵز
Ӧ;ⶣ볣ܵһ˵
Ҷȹδ٣Σ
Ȥ뵽ԼݸĿģ֪С
һЦվʼ̯αʣѶ
˭һץסߵʧ̬׷ʡ
ҶƮԾؿæһѣ׷ġ
ʹҡͷЦݿܹͭȸ̨һݵԡ
ɿ֣ϸػݡ
ʱڽȰܹƵۣȻЦԻᣬΪ
һüһ䳤Ц
ĸܻһ£Ҫ
ҶƮ֪ߺ֮ĶԻʲ˼
ʲʲʲṷƨͨĶ
ֻǺڷӵǵĺѩƣ֪žζ
ߣĪǲˣ
ҶƮߴһӻӸߣҲʡ
߽ӹҶƮӣִһλӣм
ҶƮͷ̲סЩ档
Ǽ֣
ϧȡǰˡ˵껰Ŀʾһۣʰö̯뿪ˡ
ҶƮȻ⣬Ҳתͷ˿Է־վڷѩмȻϵȣԶɲľӢ緶ˡ
ãתҶƮЦͷĻǰǺ˵ҲգǧȷҶ֣һҪмҪϧȡǰ˰
үǺεˣϧȡĪЦˡ
ҶƮĿ⿴ͷһůȴֲԸ˳Ļһǣǰȥˡ

17
ҶƮݸٴΣȴΪԼɬδķӡ
Σһס˷õĿͷҪһֵǧľ硣
һǮƵˣҲǼ¡
¥ʱҶƮֵܵظᡣ
˵þƲˣصͷһѩë멣ȡף½󷢹ȥ¥ż䡣
һţҶƮ˾ΥķɣԷǸЦӣƺѾá
Ȼ˵ڳݸڡ
ҶƮԺˬȻŴðΪ⣬öԷΪĿɼΡ

үһ·ˡ
һװվͷ
ӦһҶƮ¡
۾нվһԵķɣεǷǳ
ɣվˣҲ£ҺҶֺúʹ
лү
Ҿ񣬸±æҶƮơ
үѩ
ޣǺѩƣҶƮΪƶû뵽һܺϣϲԽϸһ۱εľˮŵһᣬй㡣
΢΢˵ͷ˿ھƣȻһ
ľƣֱθȻζƳ
ҶƮȲҲһڣ֮һˬˮӺ¶ǣһˬľϷθζԡ
ҪССڵغȣһκȶˣ»
һСźԼҲƷ˿ھơ
±ӣʼԲˣκҶƮո·ҲûЩõģһὲʳĥˡ
һƷֵƵĲȣһߵķɵ˴ε°ûвذɣ
ɫԱ䣬漴Цһ׵үġ
ҶƮһõغ˼ѩƣķβٶȡ
ҡͷȴֲ㣬ֻóԼڲůůθ
̸ʲأ̸ˡ
ͷһԽͷӶԼ岻ֻ˾䡣
˿ܴϺŵûʲᣬ˵Ĳׯ°ˡˣҲóԷǡԿϺʡ
ҶƮһȴΪڴˣ㷢ֻ۵˵滵Ц
ɿ˵Цûؽ¡
´ʱ𣬲Ų˻ɡ
ˣүع֪˳ݸһҪɣ˵ǽժԺ
Ȼ׷ɵ֣ܿĵصͷã֪ˡȥǡ
תͷҶƮڣЦԼίһˡ
ժԺ
ҶƮȻûȥժԺһڳݸͷǷʿع˵Ļ֮һбһۣ֪㵽ֻΪ˺ʲẮѩơ
ҶƮɫ죬ΪԼؽıȴò׼Է˼ֻЦ˳Ļʵ֪Ҷ˵ʲ˼
ҶƮתƱ΢΢һ¶ǡ
ѵΪ˲˴𣿡
һ㶣漴ЦͷɽɫҶƮϣ˵ˣֻعغ÷£ԲŰժԺұ֤ʱ֮ǰͻ㡣
˭Ҫ㣡û߲Ҳ֪ö࿪ġãܹû£ҹ䳣ݸɡ
ҶƮһĿ֣Ц򷽺ɡ
үɲӦת
Ĭ˿ھƣ˻ŵͷ䲻ȵضԷҲãҶֺúù䣬ġ

ϰԵصͷĻ
֪ΪΣƽĿкȻӿ
ܿ죬ʧˣ̧ۺԼ˶ʱһֻع鵽˳ӡ


ժԺ֪йҪɴл͵⣬¥Ĺﶼ͵¥ؽµķУЩֶؽ˳
ݸѩ
ƷѩСࡣ
ë멣ǣƣɫժԺǰſ̨ϵС˼ˣǰӹ֣عؾ¥
үܾˡ
СȻһǣƱȥһ˩á
Ϻܿ¶˲ײЦݣƳõ°ڣƵĳѥݵ̤ժԺż
ȥעܻͷ

18
ʱ֮ǰȻŵػص˷ӡ
ҶƮƺѾ˯ˣģδȼơ
³ҶƮɴѥӣŶ롣
һȥͿһڴͷĺӰҶƮ
ˣ
ǰʱ֮ǰɡعӣ˵ʲҪȼ
ҶƮ鲻ãΪԼժԺʱæ˸Բѡ
´멣˽õ˴ҶƮߡҶƮ΢µ֣ʵ㲻ˣ
ҶƮûд𻰣ʲɫںڰҲ˿塣
Ȼһѷץסڿ֣ЩĲִ٣ͻذˮ򡣡
죿΢΢ü
ٹգСʵʥٳݸ֮ʱҲ췴֮ա
ĿľӪֻվʵˣٻɽׯ
ֻڳ˼صū⣬˶ݸ˰ɡ
ǲŵѵóһˣ߰ɡ
ҶƮ飬ֻǾýҹЩŹ֡
ҶƮſ֣Цһ
үĵ𣿡
һЦ뵽ҶƮΪԼȥժԺʣλµôҲ̬֮ʱ
ȥҶƮգ૵⣬ؿɼţ·㿴㵹һطǲĵġ
˵һѿѾѵһĽãǣ£¶̵ļܿҶƮǰ˸⡣
ѵҶ֣
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ˣ
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ʱʱԼĻС
Ҫ˶ãͿ뿪ɽׯʼԼµ
ǵĳѾ˺ܶꡣ
ʱ˱á
͵͵ЦϢȲطֵø
룬Ƕֻˡ


ᣬӵǼ˳ݸ
ڷҶƮһͱٱ˳ӭʥݡ
쳹˳ݸĴСʹЩʵ۵ˣҲصعصغͳһĿںš
Ҳͷơ
һٻҲǸٻû˭µף죬ҪߵǬ
ҶƮĮȻعߣ΢΢̧̧ͷ緢ڸߴĺѪϳ
ǸüĿϸ֮£Ȼмƣֶ
ֲͷ˿һֱŷ֣ԷһǰδеĵЦݣƫִ

򶫽ˣߵ£Ըꡣ
򶫽䱸ɭϣʵ۵ǼͣſڡΪ򶫽׼׵ǰѾá
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ῡʵںѪϣ˻֣˿ظſھȻһɾʿ
ˣؽ޵İΣǲ
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ӣӵпоҲηǴʱ˵ȴ͸һɲݵ䡣
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ߵߣȻͣס˽ŲʱظĴŲһɡ
ؽĹΪε˵ı֮£
ȻһߵѾԣ䲻õΧ롣
ԭȺ˺ľʿһ˾޲ʧ룬ȴҲҪͦǹǰģ
Լ־Ҳǰ˵¾ʿһ֮ơ
ܻ˵Ȼʲᣬعң»ϣ
ЦһνǰֱָЩҪľʿǼиĸС¶Լ壬񲻿ϧ±У޲ˡÿ˽һӴͻƽ
Щʿ¶ƴȳˣ㣬뵽ʵ۾׾ͿˡǣзͿã˼˵֮⣬޲±У¡
ۿȥ̾һϣǳһҪ㡣ֻ춳дܲ񣬳޻˵ֻʵ£ܿڳҲΪҳ¹սķϣĳ޶Сһ᳼ھȪ֮£ҲĿˡ
ãֻһ֮ļˣ޶ˡ
֪ѾҲת
ӦԼ󣬵³ͷεԼߣʵһ²أ˵֪˭й¶˳ȥ
Ȼ֪ҰĲһͰаߣȵıǽա
ԳһĨĲɣһ֮̾ᣬ˾
һΪЧɳƻҲ춴ˣ˰ɡ
̧˵ʬ壬Ŵ˽ظ
ظ˿ڲ裬ͣطԸɣٰԭƻȥ׽룬޼̻ؾҹζ࣬סҪ޵Ļؾǡ
ʱôˮͻϮʦķɺȻǰ
Цǰֱתʱϲ¶˼κʹࡣ
ͬʱҲòϣʱҲмֶԳĿ

19
߻ʵ۵Ǽ֮ᣬֻص˷ӣ˿ͷҶƮ¥ºȾơ
һվڴԶ˴󹦸ȼźš
ѽˣǲǻȥķ𣿡
ûӵ˱㿴ûؽֶȥĵطƮȥظ
ãһĴȸԾصͺһ
ʰ˷ܵ飬æ¥׼ҶƮһȥظʱٰһн͸Է
ʱֻҪԼƱغúȰοһҶƮԼ¶įˣһԼˡ
̤¥ݣϱ㴫һߵһ˱óķɡ
һֲõĸоʱڵ˫ǽȻȥ

ˣΧס˴÷һѣ
ɷһɾʿΧ
һΧ˷ӣһߴʮո߳Ĵ˽

һеӣƺҶƮ޹ء
ڴߣغƣĿһֱ峺ľˮϡ
һһֻΡ
ܿɫرܿЩ޴ʳͣѸٵҶƮߣѾûжʱȥʲᣬҶƮ֣ҪԼһ뿪
ҶƮߡɴץˡ
ҶƮһ˦Լ֣Ŀͣڱеľ
ΪʲҪץ㣿Ц˿ھƣ۽ǵ⻺ɨ԰׵ϡ
Ȼˡ
ղΪԼŴһˣԭû뵽
Ѻ㹴ˡ
սȭ죬ĳһ˳
ҶƮ춰Ѻһξƺȹˣϧص˵Ѿһľƺ̾ûˡ
վȻ
ضһض
˼ҲòˣҪϣԭΪԻԶҲʵֲˣڿҿˡ
ڲȫȻһУֻŴһˣһֻǲԼѡ
ԣҪҺɽׯ㻹ҵġ
ЩοЦϾҲƮ㣬ҶҲƮ㣬ҶƮԼ飬ϧԼûܰס
ҶƮĿֳֻҪ¶Էʱеǿɱ⡣
ʯ֮䣬Ʈ㽣ˣڷɴɱ֮ǰҪԽ

ĽҶƮһμɽׯʱͳд衣
ֻϧһβд裬ǲ
ɽסȥΧվһԡ
ǸϣҶƮ˵ı£ҲΪ˹ĶҶƮĵ꣬ϧ಻ĻҶƮ⡣
ҶƮ֮ߵԾӣȻоܶԷԼﵽĿĵıġ
һս֪С
һս֮ᣬҶƮǻ֮ǰ˵꣬ҷ
үұƵزġ
ĬĬ̾Ϣȴסϲõɫ

ڲ֮ʱʱһ۷ɡ
ӶԷѾûҳ빧˳⸱ڸ֮ƺ֪һΣԼˡ
Ѿ°ܣү½ԼǱҲɲ˰ɡ
εĶ˶ʲڴ
ҶƮĽƻ飬
סҶƮһ԰׵ǿһĨǳЦݡ
һҪɱң
ҶƮ˵ֻɱдϡ
ѹὣбӽɨԴƽ⿪ҶƮĽơ
ȻĽһ´Ӿеˣ޷سҶƮĽ¡
ڴʱҶƮĽ漣סˣͣ˾ĵط
ʲ᣿Ľ
Ҳˡˡ
һЦ˿ҶƮĽֿ˿ҶƮһĺˡ
ˣڿԶɱҡúܳףķڷ

˭Ҳûע⵽ɵ쳣ͷӵȥ׷װγָ
ͷҪүؾҶְɡ
ɿýָҶƮ֣Լἵˡ
ҶƮعǣеĽ춻ƿŭ춳
֪֪ңẦٰʧẦٽʿɥɳʵۣ㿴;Ҫ𣿣
ǣЦƳҶƮһۡ
Ľ˭˲֪ǣԣб·ѡ
ҶƮԼǰȻ˵ĿһĽ͵һ㡢һվȵعȥ
ɴһæǰ쿴ƣŷҽѪܿȾֻɫĳѥ
ԭҶƮȻĽŽˡ
ʹͷǺͷԼҽţ̧ͷҶƮȻЦ
ÿ˶Ϊʲ²룡ұͲˣֻûҵһаˣΪĿģֶΣҳ
ɻ
ҶƮݺݵ仰պµڤ粻顣ҪתȴȻЦ
ҶƮҵĻ㶼ˣҲãҵһһѲ㣡
ϧȡǰˡߵĻһƵĴҶƮĶ
ҶƮеԼսڷ
ʣͷٶ࿴һۣȴûƵģֻñתߣץϵĲо͹ǡ
ԣһǧ
ҶƮЦȴǳϼӳ

20

ֹѪ˽ᣬסĿѺ˷ӡ 
һ˹ƾƵҶƮǰ˵ȥа£үһʿã;ɸҵӦҶ֪Ƿܺһ𽫺үؾǣȻҲñ¶ʹ͡ 
ɶ̫⣬˸ʹࡣ 
ΪǶҪʹࡣ 
٣ǰˣԼȴʼһˡ 
ҶƮ˼ھƣĬƬ̣ץϵĽվ 
áҾǰѺǵĳſڡҲҪʲʹ͡ 


ͺı£ʵ費Ըø֪µ˶뱣ܡ 
ѱץסҪѺʦ£Ҫܡ 
Ϊ˹Ѧͳ죬ЭɽѺؾʦ 
˫ֱûнϽϽϾ书ǿ;ʲأһȣܱ˺á 
˵ȻһҶƮ̵ģóǵ˵ĺҲǲá 
ү㡣ɸеһΣæס 
ŤͷޱķɣҽŲ̤Ͼҵʹȷβȡ 
òġ 
޵Ҫ˫ֱѨƣ붯ɱԼͽ 
Ĭذ˳ϣǽѦͳҩ˽ 
үΪһ·ҺҽǳǷǣֻίҩˡ 
Ļһ˵꣬Ĭ򢡣 
ѦͳƽҩȫǺһͿȡ 
㡭ǣ˻Ƶ˵֣ؾˡ 
ѦͳһЦ˵ģҩҩԽа£֮ᣬүˡʱ֮ˣ 
ɤʹ̣صش˫Ŀ῿ȥ˻ۡ 
ɫ׵ؿ˿Ѧͳ죬ֿ˿ɣмس¶һ˿Ц 

һƣҶƮˡ 
ڳ׵ҩˮԼɫʹ侲ʵˣ 
ûʲᣬȥ·;ңԶ;б䣬úү˵ˡ 
Ѧͳذҩ붪˳⣬һ 
طһףʲ׹ݣһ硣 
ֻҪᣬͻúʰЩƽոͷĴٹˣǴˤԼ£ζʵʹ졣 
Ѧͳߵߣ¶Ц 
ү书ǿС˲Ҳϼӿܣе¡ 
֪˵ѦͳǻЭԼѺؾģ׶ԷǻߵˣԼǲġ 
ҶƮһǣԶԶǣƿ˴һǣ糣Ⱥĵӿһį 
ͻȻҶƮһѹֵս˽ûлͷȥ 

Ѿ౻Բӵ˫֣ٵ˫ţһ÷ǳʵ 
ѦͳҪһҽϡ 
ǽδһȥ㴥˿ڡ 
ԸϣͷҲڳϣѡ 
үͱҶˣú㣬αûȤѦͳһסȣһץס۽ݡ 
ɼ״æȥס˵үͣϾͺˡ 
ɫ԰׵б˷һۣͽǲϷŹҪĥ 
ҽŵһֱûúô׵ϸߣ⸱ƣһֱʹ 
֪ҪԼȳ׷ϵ 
Ѧͳ÷ɱ֮ʣþ춰ȫˡ 
ʹڷɻһͷ죬ȴ׺ʲᣬֻ˼ 
үû£ûˡ 
ǵһ޼ɵرԼˣʹʱܵȴһݳεС 
ߵȰο촽ʱᴥࡣ 
̾һ̧ͷҶƮķ˹ȥ 
Ǹ˱רע⣬һаסˡ 
Լ粻ĵĶ 
ʱ˿̣ûпλҶ¶ʹϧ֮ɫģһ¼ŵıӰ 


21
Գݸ򱱻ؾһ·ڽѩƽվĹٵϸӰϡ٣Ļѩ˵·ʹǰеʮּѡ 
һˣֻÿճԷʱֲű⿪һ 
ǿÿӶ룬ˣּ֮ûжϵѪѭ⿪Ҳǰʱܶ˵Է¡ 
Ƿ˵ȥַǷ˲ɣŽǰ 
Ⱦƣ֪ʲʱܵվء 
˿ҵķѩɵ 
Ĭɥ˱Ƶݵ 
үҲȵůůӰɡ 
ǰδĥľһǧɣҽĵʹ֪Լˡ 
ˣʲᶼˣɽׯˣ췴ˣҶƮһңĳҲˡ 
ľضͣͳޣòͷܺȵľơ 
ѦͳͼǱƣ̲ס˼Ц 
һ·ϣˣ˲˵⣬ҶƮˡ 
˵ձڽԵ٣ƺȵö࣬ĿǶ⡣ 
үҪԵʲԵñƽ࣬Ӳá 
ɶﻹһĹ˿鼦ιߡ 
̧ͷؿһۣһۣǰӲмͷУȥȻһ룬˷ϡ 
ˣүǲ 
Ѧͳ첻ʧʱһԷһ 
̧ȥϵĻȰ˵ү·;࣬Ҫ˷ʳ 
ؿֻǶ˿Ц⡣ 
ҲЦסĺëΧȻһȵϡ 
԰׵϶ʱһӡһе˶һ 
Ȼ֮ϾӵĻ壬㷸˴ҲǿĿŵؽѵġ 
ү֪ϧȲϧ˴ģҲϧߵĳԴöȡƢøĸˡ 
ɿƽ͵ؽѵλԲĳ 
ͷ˿ҶƮǸ˻ǿľɫ﷢һУ޹ء 
ʱɳԾΪŭٴŵؿǰεˡ 
Ϊ˼֪ԼϲԻԹ޻ڵΪԭؿˡ 
ɳԼΪĿԣΪԼ 
ԼһЩ֪᲻ѡ 
ͷЦЦϵķŭ뾪㵶ʧˡ 
ƽؿ۷ɣŲӵĽǽϰȻرۡ 

ѺؾһǰһᣬꤶУֱˣ·ҵһջ 
ѩԽԽƣǰһɽɿɫѦͳᣬڴ˵Ͷޡ 
ҽʹѵ˲մصĵز 
˶֪ɻק˿ջѷҩȻʹô󺰴֡ 
ջ̶ʮ·һʹſϣͷڱۼ䣬ָ΢΢زʹ÷ 
˿סѦͳһͬҵϰ嶨ˡ 
ҶƮһʹſϣԱߵûһᣬֻԹ˵˵Ц 

ҽֻѥڷȾѪӡ 
ǸһǺʹˣԲ£Ҳʹ÷ȥԳߡ 
ҶƮߵߣס֡ 
غʹ𣿡 
Ϥ̧ͷЩãȻҶƮƺЩŶԷڶԼ˵ 
ʹȻʹʹҲʹ 
˱ҶƮס֣ҲջĿ⣬԰׵ϷһĨƽЦ 
ƽЦɲǾʹʹҶƮæĿƿ 
ȻҶƮƮ㽣ХȻʯ佦һ졣 
ԼҽϽһɣϵʹỺ࣬ٵͷһԭǵѱҶƮĽ˲նϡ 
Ҷʲᣡǡ 
һԵˣ룬ɵˣѲҶƮڰ·췴ĸͺ 
ҶƮջؽĿɨЩϣһһ˵Ѿһȣĥʲᡣ 

ɺѦͳն÷ϵһͶڵϣɳһѦͳȴǲȻŭ 
ʣ£ 
ҶƮһۣ˪ڸǲסɱ 
ҿʹˡ 
ôĵӣһ񣬾Ȼҡ 
ɿ̬ƣæԲ 
˰ѷŭѦͳ죬ɱҶƮЦˣˣҿȡҲãүʹʳȥǻʮգмǳʲأҲý˵ˣҶһ·ƽµġ 
ѦͳȼɶΪҶƮ˵Ҳ֪Էڽϵŭӵ˶Ķ֣Ҳֻغ˺ߡ 

Ұ꣬Ȼûʲþƺòˣ㹻ܶһ·˳Ըů͡ 
ѦͳһߺȾƳ⣬һԵҶƮ 
ҶƮҲ˵һ˺Ⱦƣһ˳Բˡ 
ڷ֮ǰѱ˷˷ 
Ͼһ͵ҲʵΡ 
ЩЩ˱¥ȥˡ 


22

ڶߵһ䷿ 
ɽ֮ʱڱԹΪ˿ԡ 
ȥԷɡˡ 
ȻǷɵĻҲֵӣϲصȥȾˡ 
ɽüĿһǽϱ۲ 
үҸóԵˡ 
ɵǲĮͲмϰ߶ꡣ 
ϣؿ˿Էҽţ̾ûչ˺ܿˡȵǰϣҾҴƣҲֹʹ 
ϵϣȿ϶ûˡ 
ԼҲ治Ըȼȥһϳ˴󲡣ͻҪˡ 
ǲûָֻ΢΢ض˶ 
Եʲɣ֪ϲʨͷصصˣֻǲ֪СΡ 
ʨͷιߣԷ㲻ֻŴҧһСڡ 
ζãɿü塣 
ʨͷּһƬΣû죬ضס˷ɡ 
˫ۣƯȻǷǳƯɴʱȴǺˣ˪ 
ɷ¿ӣһЦүǺҹȥǺԼӹȥѵҶƮι㣬ͻˣ 
Ȼ˵ȴᶯ˶ϸ춿˵ʲᡣ 
˵ҲҶƮʧˣ 
ȴϣɱͷһЦͷ֮ʱɭĹ⡣ 
үƭ˭أҶݲ£ỹݵҶƮһʲ£Ǿñ˶Բԣ϶ҶƮȺ١ 
˳꣬룬Լܲˡ 
˵ľһһЦ֮ʱδ֮֮ʱ 
Ҳ֪Ƿ˵ˣɫһ䣬ѻصͷ 
˻ץһʨͷ͵ݺݵؽȻǿԼȥ 
ǾֹŸ߹ĳδ¶ĳ̬Ҳǵһμ 
վһߣҪֹȴֲܣֻãȻؿһУĵ˿˿ʹ 


˳Աᣬ׷׶Լķ׼úϢ· 
ΪҪȻҪϼӿܡ 
һӣջеĿˡ 
˴Ѻһеĳ˷ɣѦͳҶƮ֮⣬а˸ƽڵһϣڶ滤 
ޣϢĵطҲޣ˶·ϱ˺Щʱ򣬳ԱˣȻࡣ 
Ѧͳ콫˸ֱǺôϢһޣɺҶƮԼһ 
Ȼһʧ 
Ѧͳ쿴˿ֻĴЦЦ˵үǴ֮õÿ㣬ⴲ󣬼ãίһޣյٺúϢɡ 
˵껰漴֮ǰɷϵϵȴϣӽ˫ַαᡣ 
ϱۣʮƣ룬Ƶ̱ 
ɿ˿תҲ໰·ϴѦͳһ˯һͷ 
ѦͳҲҪϢˣʱһԵҶƮŹЦҶҲϴϢɣ˼޷ġ 
ˣҾ 
ҶƮ棬˿û˼ 
ѦͳֵԼϻӣ˳ֱ㱧ҶƮ 
䣬ҶȲϴӻȥһɡ 
ҶƮǴӣֿ˿̱ȻӹӴϡ 
СĵѱҴã俴ϵɫ 
֪ʲʱòĻĳȻǸģüһĨŨ 
ǰüһ棬ԼһЦǵȿķɣʵġ 
ȻҶƮ΢΢ۣһ˿ȻĿ漴ͶԼʹ 
ȻضҶƮ˻ᣬüǳתͷصĺëΧ˲䣬ĿҲת䵽ϻ͵ϡ 
΢ĵƹ⣬̾Լͺ͵ƣ֪ʱȻϨ 
ޣɣ䵽أԼú޵ĵǷɣҶƮֻǸ߸ϵү 
˵ҶƮһ䣬ɽׯ췴֮£쳤ؾãصϣ 
ֻϧʲʵóҶƮҲδػ 
ҹ纮ªĴվֵס磬͵Ƶ΢Ĵ£ܿϨˡ 
ҶƮȥӰһҹߡ 


Ľǰ·һʱ˿ȻŻѥ֮ᣬֻֻõòӣѵĽŨѪһɫĪ棬캮ֻֻҪ 
ǴϽյ˸⣬ųѪּϺõĽ𴯷Σ̾ЩֻŶҪˣ᳤ˣҲǲˡ 
ǿ֮ʹվ̲ȥʹ˹ȥȥֵ̽̽쳣ңҪúþȻس 
ֻϧҲʲʱҽҪ·õҩ֮ᣬѥѽѪٴֻòĽŰһ· 

ԽߣԽ 
ɣҶƮѦͳһˣп˹ֻѨƣһ书ȴ˿á 
ȻһѰ۵ĽãȴͲǳ֮ˡ 
һǲԶ¿ʱѩմ溮 
ؿڽ䣬ıѱ÷ڡ 
˶Կʱشǿĺүȴ˿֮ĿضЩˡ 
ϾǿҲѼ̡ 
վ֮ʱѱ߶ֻñɱ˳ȥ 
ɱɫ԰ף΢ģߵүҲú¼ӱ˹ϧҶڴˣϧµȻҶκ˲飬̼үܶģһ¾ˮúүϴˮȡůΪү· 
ڷɻʲҲûֻ޶Եذͷƫת˹ȥ 


23

վһԡأɹĹٲϴȥһ糾 
һ·࣬ۿҪˣѦͳҲ׷ɢݵˮúɻ½ǣҶƮҲˮǶһ䣬Ĭ 
ʱԡͰ˫ֱᡣ 
չԡز걳󵱳ɽׯźܵ 
үˡ 
תᣬĦ˼硣 
뵵΢΢ͷһͷ˿ˮϡ 
ĿתؿĲ͸ˮԷ壬ĳѹֵļ¶ֿʼ 
˵߶꣬ȴΪݵ⣬δܼ̻¶ģ 
Ǹǿ׳ˣֵ׳꣬û 
ԼѰϳ֮ʱǷݿɵõʧһֱĥ 
ʱԶԶؿ߹Ӱͷֻһδεġ֮£˵ķ羰 

о˷ɵ޼ɵԼߣȻ֮䣬һиѱ 
ͻľм 
СԡͰ˻Ҳֻܷ˼΢ 
͵زͷݺݶסŪԼķɡ 
Щ£Ϊϰߣɺܿ죬ͲˣΪ֪ѾʧƣסѨѾԼκв 
ĵطԼĵˣܸЩʲأ 
ɵüһЦϵĶδͣЪүʵһֱúźһΡүУҲС 
ĥֱ޿κΡ 
ɣԷʼղΪͷת˹ȥͷˮƣˮŪԼ֣ȻݵһЦͷˮС 
һ㶣۵ĲţûɣɫҲүǺοգαϷҿ 
˵껰ֶ˼£ȴǰͷˮУδֱ̧ˮݽˣɲŻ֡ 
һѰ 
Ҳ϶Լ˿ӡ 
վǳܸ裬ǸޱȽĳ 
ɸϽסͷˮ棬żˮڱҲʳ 
˺һתʪɣȻһЦ 
ү֪ˣ塣ұ㲻ˡ 
ɻɿķվһߣֻصɽׯص˱ɫѵʱ 

ҶƮϴ˵ԼٹǾͿԵﾩˡ 
ﾩ֮ᣬȻᱻϵķ䣬ʱ۹ͣЩҲֵˡ 
֮ͬѰȥ׶༪ˡ 
ҶƮ½󣬰Ʈ㽣࣬ãȻ¥ȥ 
ԭ뾩ˣԼķֱ֮վҪˡ 
һ·ԼĿ࣬ȴװ֪ͷʹ 
Ͼһڼ 
ǲ֪䣬ҶƮߵʱϢ⡣ 
Ϣվ˻ᣬ͸ŷ￴˿ԭ¡ 

ɿűƿ̧ͷ 
ҶƮ 
Ҷ£ϵҶƮЦʵ 
ûʲᡣ 
ҶƮ˰£ߣ΢Ŀרעضס 
һ˭Ҳģ鵭Įʹ 
ܹܣ֪ɷȥ£лԵ˵ 
ҶƮġȻָǳɲǲ֪ȤˣȻԸҶƮ벻õķӾܾת룬һֻ˴˺ˣԼֺηǻĥ 
ɰѱҪϵŵһߣҶƮˣҾȳȥˣҶһүͣƣǵԡ 
ҶƮü˵ͷĿ˷뿪 
ȵɰǹᣬ 
ձɵˡ䲻˵ɫȴݡ 
²΢Щӳ΢΢תͷҶƮ˫ۻ̧ĿֱԷ 
ȻҶƮüһ棬ԼЦˡ 
˵ӦǺԼģЦʲ᣿ 
ҶƮ⣬ҲʣֻĮضΨֽս˽ 
ѵûдص֣ͣȳһ壬ҶƮǰ˻Ρ 
ҶƮףεص˵ͷ̧Ȼ˻ӱ޵ĶȻᣬ̧ͷҶƮ۵Ϸʡ 
ҶƮˡΪˣĲʹø 
ߵ𴦣ֻҪǵóǷɡ 
ʮޣԼǷԼʮޡ 
ԼǷأ 
ǰѿʼȥ£̻¶塣 
ҿ˿Լһ£ҶƮ˹ȥ 
˫ƽЩµڴߴҶƮ˽֮ĶԹ 
ʮ޹ᣬ㲻ǷҶƮҲټǵó 


24

ҶƮӹݹⶫȻעһɵɱοһıӡ 
ֿһԷǵѲеȹȥر 
ҪңҶƮȻЦҲڷܵʹࡣ 
ʱԼҲƣء 
ֱͦڵϣ˿಻ͷ 
ãҳȫ㡣ʮ޹ᣬ㲻Ƿҡ 
ҶƮЦһϵһ׼ıȥ 
ʹʹ˸򣬲ȹס 
֮ʮޣʮ޸ʹ 
ҶƮǿҪӡƵģݺ 
ʹ̵ʺһҲδɤﷴշתɳƵĵЦ 
ϣҶƮԼһһȴֻۿ˴ԽԽԶ 
ף粻 

һˣظ 
ûվ˿ѱ˽ס߾ҶƮʵ 
̰ʱˣöá 
ֻǣسıһֽԵԼԵЩԼǣ 
ҶƮת§ڻϸһЦ˾ư⣬ᶯ˶֣Ҳڡ 
ҶƮ쿮̾֡ 
ﻹϸҪҶƮֻ֣ߵһЦˡ 
ҶƮ˸пɫһᾹʹ 
ҶƮϸ·̧ļ޷ٴ뻳С 
ϧȡǰˡҲϧȡ㣬ֻǡ 
һδϣҶƮĴǳǳһǣһ 
ص»صϣڴߣֱҶƮ뿪ź޲ȥ 
ʱ͸ˣöá 
ԿЦ˫Ŀһգᡣ 


žǰˣٽҵƸŹԱǿŷС 
Ѧͳ̽ͷ˿ǽ䱸ɭϵİ׻ţƵݸߵһȥ㡣 
ⳡѩܴҶƮңңΰĳǽǻѩããһƬߴĳΡȻƬޱ޼ʵİɫԭҰУһѩ³ǡ 
춵طˡҶƮǳڰ´תԵķɵ˵Ҷĳŵǣ£Ҷĳ޹ˡ 
˵껰ؿһ۱Ŀµ𣬿ǻߣڡ 
ᣬҶҵ𣿡 
ɹסҶƮ֣治ᡣ 
ˡ˵ҲΪʲʹͲźһͳؾġ 
ҶƮڰ֣ĿֿҪ뿪 
ˣȻҲٶνһʿĻģĿĲΪҶƮһ·ܾĥ 
ҶƮƿĵⲢδ¶ŲЦϡ 
Ҷһ·ء 
ҶƮѩüĿԿصΡ 
Է˵һȥ׶༪٣ 
ϴ֪ڣڣҶĳҲȥ 
ĻҶƮ˵ȥˣʹ͸ٶ࿴һۣȴɵεסֻƼ½ǵɫ 
ˡһޣչǿա 
ҶƮһЦżת·ȥ 
Զصĳѱ򿪣ֿʼǰУããѩϣֻ¼ѵĳޡ 
ҶƮȻعͷĬĬнԶԼϵĳš 
ѩХɲǼ䣬ֻʣȡ 
廨ǧãơͬų 
ҶƮʫȡҹ˼ڣȥıӰЦˮѩϡ 
Ҷĳ㡣 
Ŀҵס͵ذγԼƮ㽣 
ҲƮ㣬ҶҲƮ㣬顣ֻǲ֪ǶԱˣǶԼ 
ҶƮὣأʣľˮܵ¶Ľϡ 
ǰµıѩأ΢΢̧̧ۣһһѪ⻮֮ᣬѩһֱֻۡ 
ҷһţԶһۻ㣬ΪһǷʲ𣿣 
ҶƮסѨʹŲļϱ۴Ѫһأڽ׵ѩ쳣ۡ 
廨ǧãƣͬų 
ҶƮǵӰããѩϽһС㣬ХķѩȴЦӰԽԽԶһѪȾ·֪չ˺ηЦҲѩˡ 

25-30
үҶˣѵһҲں
ڳߣ΢ҵ޷
ۣȴ˿мЦ⣬ͷ֪Լ齥رء
֪̾пѽ⣬Լֺγǡ

Ĵ֮ˣûʸ̾ͼϵġ
ƹĳ͢ξԴ˽֮ᣬ㽫Ѻ֮С
һ·λˡ
Ԫ׸ף˶˿͢ξͬѦͳͷɺһᣬ׼Ѷһ¡
͸¶Ϣؾ֮ᣬ˸ڣץ˳½ЩԼĸ棬νȫʤ
СʵɾԼĻ岻򵥣ټĳҰﶨȻδ¶൳ͺؾᣬϲ飬Ҫıһˮʯ

ֻڽʱƬ̣ȥ˻ʹڣ͡
ɷһƵ£бЩӻѹµ£һѻؾ빬һչ
ߵ¡
ɸ鷿
񣬴迴󹦳ϲɫ漴˴
Щ踺ǱڻߣûóѣĿɾ´ˡ
ңߵߣĳļ硣
󣬿ȴʺ鲻ǳ̱֮ԵĵܵܣҲãӡ
ǻ֮ᣬ漴мԷͼϱ
λ±Ȼң춹ɲԸͿ̿˥ܣ˽ôߣȴʼ޷õĵʹҲƲ
ĸ߰ݵԼļͣ΢Ȩ֮ʱŻῴһֱغߵԼ
޷˵شӦȰ˵ʼߵݴߣǰ͸¶ı췴Ϣ죬ץٶıĸͺ

ʵ뱻Ϊͺ꣬Ƿֵ꣬꣬ȻǶ䵭ȴԶ˷ΣʲС¶ȥ죬ʲҲ֡
ʱҪԼҲֻԼ
ȨɢʱֻԼߣһŵͣԹ޻ڡ
һֱΪֻҪԼߣиضãһջжˣ˭ϣҶƮĳֳĨԼеڼ
ҲԲѵĳģȴҲ˵Լɡ
һӶò˵ᣬˣԼһһ
˶˽ġҪԼϲ˫˫ɣ

ˣȻǳľҹ£أ֪θͺı΢ԵȻУ
ˣ΢΢ͷ̾һֵǰ˵ػΰԣ˫ȫԸ߰²Ǿþ֮ˣҪ֮û뵽޸յǻһ꣬Ըǰ֮ͬһȻȥȴ󣬹Ȼʵۻݻû뵽ִԲʵڿϧ̾
һ˵ΪԷɱ⣬Ϊǣȴʼ޵壬һ˶ɱĻһҲûˡ޻һıȴܲ飬ɣڻ߶꣬±㽻ȥЭ˲ɡ
ôСʵ飬ȻԼ˵ƤҲǾȲسһ
˿뵽ǸǺεȺһæּˡ


ǰͺıϢһʼûֱ֪°ܱεϢû˼֪
͢ξ֪ϵ⣬ʱ̫ƽֺα
үıȷڰֺαװƣʵأ
Цغ˿Ȳ裬۱̼ϱĿ˻֣ذһͰѩˮ˹ȥ
ѩˮ̹ǣһش˼
Ͼǵӵ壬̷̾ȻĿȴûһ˸ϡ
ǳ͢ξҪ˳Ȼ׶Ի׹̣ǱרЩۼֶĥ
͢ξĽãֻһ°̼ϣ˵Դ̹ǵѩˮֱɪɪ
͢ξΪѦͳιҩҩδλү˵ԼҲǰʣҽϸ쿴֮ᣬҩҩԭڼǰ͹ˡ
ӲֶηǷĳ͢ξһЦǰ˲ϵѩˮвү¹ٲ̾㣬ȴҲ෽ԣȰ㻹ʵ˺ã⳯͢⣬Щ˶Ըȵģ
ÿһαѩˮϣùõӻһʹࡣ
ʹ֮ˣȴӲ˵ֻҪʲᶼ˵ˣЩȻҲܡ
ֻǷɵıѣҶƮʹ飬ңһ
͢ξҲڵĴڵЩʲᣬ߾Ц⡣Ҳ֪ڳЦ˭
Ȼүִⲻ˵Ǿˡ¹ˣ˰ȡү̽̽Σ
֣ǰͱѩˮʪ͸ĵ£¶š
͢ξ˸һָ̷ҲԵ䡣
Ļ΢΢һһڵûš

һʹǿ̶ʱǸԼ̽룬һϣؿһθѾҳʹʹһ
ү˵ü
͢ξס֣ȴڣķԻʹ
ʹ̣ȴ
Ŀ㱵ؿǰɭ޵ִҡҡͷ
йΪѲ
ˣɻģʵֶӻᰲģҶƮҲģԼġ
֪ôˣ⼸붼ȥҵҪĹͷжӲ
͢ξɫһ䣬Ըʩ̡


ɸϵ̷ʱһڷĥ
ǰ̽ؿڣȻִ̽ȥ
ɫ԰׵ر̼ϣʱʹûΣ˻ƵĴϢӺ伷ʹࡣ
ʵӲúܣҲǱƲѡ
͢ξȻվſڣԼΪθҶԻ̣æ͡
ɹ˲ͣߵǻ㱵ǰ
ҪƿЩ䣬γؿȻ룬ȴԷѵĴ仺ġҶƮ֡
Ҫͣ˰գɫٿ
ҲǣҪıɵúү᲻ڣʱҲԽ´ˣɡ
ȻɶĬˣǸû˹˼ɣæȥˮʹȥ

طμ뱻˶鶯ʹʹѹۣ˲֪ʱεķɡ
ĹķܹǸЦģֻǴʱĮؿԼ̡
ִһ֣ѲٴʹϢǰˣıܣԼܵʹʹﲻ¶ְɫ
ɡؽɵ֣ҵͼȫȻڲС
ɵͷһЦֵүҡ˴ɳ´˵㣬Ұﲻ㡣
θʹԽԽΪ̵ػ³һۡ
ȻһһѪ춴Ӵ˳
͢ξѪ֪æ˴̽θ룬̼Ϸ
ڵϣϽδɵѩˮ첻סǺȣѪ֮ƴָĵεʯϡ
ɴʧɫûϵ˾أæȥס϶Լ
ɿס֣Ѫ̧ͷʱžʧķɣмЦд
ѧҧˣֺαϷȿȿȡ
һ仰δ˵꣬ƿƿ˷ɣȻѪˮ֯ĵϡ
͵ΪֹȥѺ
͢ξεػ˻ֻ֣ȴηȥӵĻ壬ɵ

ҹͷ˸գαʯϣշת࣬ط֮ʹ
үˡ
վſڣɪɪıӰ˵ھΡ
ǺԼĮĶ˵İһҲȺ١
ɵһЦתͷʵʲ᣿ҳʲĥҵֶҪԣ
¡ҡ
ɽţߵߡ
ش֣ǰü˳۵վȥ
үҸЩҩ
ӻ໨ƿ
ΨǸƯü۲ʧ˳Ȼ
ɿɫ׵ÿ£Ѫ˿ææذοƿǣҩ͵ߡ
ÿ΢΢ƫתͷȻܾ˶Էĺġ
޿κεؿ˿ǿнҩˮС
үˡ
Ҳ֪ʲҩֻ֮ʹķθƺһΧʹҲʼᡣ
Ƴ۷ɣ̲סһЦ
µ㻹ʵʲ᣿ һɱʹЩ
ɲشĻֻǽȥѱǺá
һ֮ᣬɿ첽ֱֱعǰ
ү֪ң²үԭ£ֻܱ塣ᣬлᡭҶطꡣ
˵⻰ʱǼԸģҲ֪ΨҶƮĮĳչջЦʱҲֻܽҶƮ֮ס룬Ҫ
ҶƮ֣ǰֳӰ
ɲᵹգһԼ
ֻǼˡ̾һƽЦһ
Ĵ³õȥʹЩᰵյرڴ˴ҲǱĥẬ޶հˡ
˼ǣطһʹһӲǿ˳Ѫ
ͻȻӣĿȻ׺ݡ
ɣˣϢҶƮ֪
̧ͷճյɬ֪
ӦңĻǰǿӲһץסɵļ磬ݺҡҡ
ϵĿɬһĨڽЦ˦ץסԼ֣ĮȻվ
ãҾʹӦ㡣ΪûүϢҶҲͽˣֺμ
ҶƮˣ
ǺһѪҲ˻Ƶ΢
кү㣿
ɼԼöŭ֪ΪﾹпУ䳰һ䡣
˿ɵڴϱĿһЦʵأңѵģ
޷ѵͬʱȴֶ޶˼֡
ޱض㲵ݣһһ˵ү˿ģҲԽ֮ˡҪ֣͹Լ̫顣
ȻʧЦʵ˼ǣҶЩ㲻ᱳңʹزˣ
ǣ
ᶨ³һ֡
ֻϧӲǿԼ£Ҳǿˡ
˵껰ٲһۣת˹ȥ
ɼʧĮ˾ܾеıӰĿһȻ뿪η


ʲ᣿廹ǲй
ߵǲؿĳ͢ξͷɡ
뱻ؾǽѶʮգȻ֪Ǹ˵ֶΣǽȥ˻ûв˵ʵܳġ
ر£ѽʣɻȴӲڡֲҶʩô̡һֱ޽չ͢ξϻ̳ϿֵػЩѶͱ²ýͷö
俴˿һۣԼԸ߰Ļ壬صغһ̽Ļ

ʸջӶϰ֮أЩϤĹǽֺصʱ档
һǻ׳־ѿһԼ˫ȫ֮۵ݾ£ϣԼٻصﾹ˵ö֮ҳӡ
ʸ￴ȥǸǿԼֶ緢С

صͲǵ߽ʸ
һԵðӣ׷ǰȵ£
̧̧֣ȥǰЦþòˣ塣
˿ԼϽϵͣɳƵһЦ˴ֻ룬ûбµĻ塣
޻ûݶڼͻ޵Ļ塣
߽ߣɢҵ޷㲵ݣȻСʱʮ۰ĻԶѾá
ڻʼңһʼֻȨ֮ν飬ȨǰԶƷ
壬˵˲ţһգұɱһ̫ƽΪȴ棿ѵҪսҷ׷ɲ㣿
ĳһЦбһĻʵۣЦΪ棿λҵģ㸸Ȼ곤ңϧȵùǵ걾ս㸸лҵĻλĲûԼĶˣҵ£ҵʵۣҲ߾֮
߾֮ߣΪһٶؾ²ɣ亦
ЦĿؾ԰׵ϡ
Ļϯᣬһ䣬ǿ򾲡
ܣֻˡ
˵תͷһķͶȥ˷ߺ޵һۡ
ĬȻվһߣĿƽǰ˿һ䡣
ܿܣب֮Ҳ룬з³ɹԼĴҲںá
壬֪㵱ץδأ
ߵ࣬һ΢΢Щǰδеɱ⡣
˵öԣȷ˲ţϧȴԼĵˡֻҪһ֮ĲԼԸߡ
һв¶һ˿⣬ֶ֪վġ
Ȼǽڡ
รֻزɱͲңĻشЩ⣬һ䡣
תӣϵ죬ؿԼֶӣشСӣС
豻˵һ㶣СʱľҲͬǣʱСվȴԸĻֻ
ǻ˵ָδأ
üһЦῡʵסһ˿ߵΡ
Ӣĩ·һ
Ȼ̧ͷ򶨶Цݡ
ʱɵ춿ʼҪǰ飬˫ȴעǦƵģԶ
ʲأ˳ҲӢĩ·һĻ
ڣСʵ۲ûдΥ֮ǰ˵ĲɱĻ
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Įƺڵ̸۵һжǹ
ʱ̧ͷһۻұ¶ķɣǵЦݿ䡣
ǴˡȻˡ
ϣ
Ϊ豻˵Ҫһһң
ض˵費ͷذ˰֣һ̾ͺ治ͼ棬ڣʥּͣˣ̽ȥ
һЦȻᴦվǻʵ۵£ԣʵҲû̫
Ѻ֮ᣬŸϣ̾ȻޱɱĶȻĳδ㣬ֻҪ޵ǸҲֻĵ䣬˾սɣӷΪƷں֪Σ
л¡ֻ΢޴󹦣˺͡Ը
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˰ҲûĴ𻰣Ҫ̧ͷȴ˵Ц
䲻ȫðɣ޾ͳȫ㣬ձΪִ£ں񾡽ƹܡǱкζʱ
һҹǰȻ˯ʱȫȻ֪Ҹոսһμҵѱ䡣
ϣƮ㽣ҶƮͳͬʱ伣ˡ

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λ͹٣Сˣ
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ٱһ̳ƣߡ
ҶƮӻһӣɺվ⣬ѩ䣬׷
ϰ弱æѾƵ˸ǶᣬȲƵİ˳ȥ

ҶƮһһڼžĽֻзѩϸ΢죬ͷһ֮䣬ѩãã
ֹһھ֮ᣬҶƮƺЩˣɴǣһ¾ǽߡ
뾩֮ᣬа£֪ΣǱڴ󣬻ѱ
ҶƮɬЦһȽľҲɬƵģʲȥ
ǲ֪һٵ³ԹȫʹԳۿıο˲ּԼ
ǲףֺα

ҶƮԸ룬ҡҡ̳Ѿˡ
θңһ˦վ̳ԶԶһأҹļžƬ̱ƣȻָ춰
ѩͣʱ̽¹̱ҶƮĿ֮
ҶƮǽǣЦЦ¶̾ѿյ䣬ȱʧһۣȱʧȴࡣ

t
ΨһԹѺ׹ݻǶƷسĵطһЩ͵˿ѺƫԺڡ
һˡ
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ÿͷŮСͻᣬʮ꣬ƺǻټҵĺӣԲ䵱ۡ
ǵԼһθͷʱ򣬶Էͷ̲ˣȻŭԼȥȻѳԵĶһء
ڣλүѾϰÿյĴֲ赭Ҳû㷢Ƣ
ʱԼЦģᶯˡ

ү䷹ʱѡͷ
Сذͷ˳ʳϣһ衣
еһʫ̧ͷŮЦЦɵϣֳԲ˶١
һֻͷʼԲܣθʹϰˣԵø١

һɫѾϴЩ׵ĸüĿ֮ѿķˡ
ʱͭǸӰӣҲỳ⵽׻ǲԼǲǳ
ٵԼϽ⴮صʱŻԼ׷Ѱһ塣

С֪Ϊʲ񶼴ǵסڱ𴦵ͬĴ㶼ɵģֻǫ͵ȴҪĥοһֻȲˡ
ʱһᣬļ´Ƿǳ˷ͳʰʱſٽȥ
󲿷ʱ䣬һ˴⴦ªıԺǽľɫֻһƬСĶããա

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Դһǰ˼ɵʹһڳִ֮ᣬֻԶԶƹۡ
֪Ƣ὾ˣأ
ĥ֮ᣬԼܺƽ͵ٺú̸̸
˸ŵסʵõˣڳʳöȴһϾˣӦóЩ࣬ҲӦΪʲЩࡣ
ɼʱ̲סЩϸضһ겻ĳԷˣüĿ֮Ҳ仯ĽƺࡣѽԷȴֻһϮϴ÷׵ĵ
¡ү

ճһͷ˿裬ЩؿɳԺ
㣿±ӣһһײ
ǵģү
ɻ΢΢ü˰Ŵ˴õӸˣΪλ˼ªһţżһ˷ùζ
뵱꣬ɽׯǼӲȼ򣬵õů
ޡҸճ극ĵرͷƷŵһߣְ֮ǰʫ
үҪǾô˴ʳãҿ׼
ɿЩͷм̲ˣȻһʹʱȻֻ·Ըźʳȴû뵽ԷԵֶ
ŹֵؿһۣЦˣұˣжԶĸҪࡣ
˵껰һʹ̲סȳ
䣬˿̵ͿʼЩܲסˣ˼Ѫû֪ˡ
үû°ɣ
ɿȵæеطʡ
˰֣һμʹһ鴤
û¡û¡飬վһȳһյľ˹ȥ
ĽűκõģǵڱѺͽ;УѦͳĥɵĹⲻΣ춻Ūһֻš
Ϣˣˣû£ɷ뿪˵أ
ɵϣһϣͷҲص
ɾվᣬĿоǧʹԽԽʹ޷
ᣬȥ
֪ңүǺɱϾΥ
α˵Щ˵Ļһ£ҶĬƬ̣˵ǶԲ㣬δضԵҡҲټ㣬߰ɡ
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֪˭ҶƮ㱻һˣ书ҪСһ׮ֻҪԼӴ᲻֪ү޴ᣬȴҶһƬģ
Щֻܲĵף˵ġ
ԼԼʹ
˵ⷬѪܵؽ˴¶˳Ȼٺݺݵؼ̤
סڡסڣ
һ𣬷ѹ˹ݺץסס˫֣ʧ˷ִ硣
үߵشһѹסҲû˿ɡ
Ѿ˺ܶ꣬˺ܶ꣬Ҳȥˡ
죬ҪԼ

书ȻûϣֽȴΪԭ޷ʩչһ¡
οһĽѾĥĽԴܿ죬ڻ֮еͱǿ׳ķסˡ
ɣң
طԼ·ǰⷢ˺ҪѨɾס
үҸҡ
һЦ㣬춽ѵþ⡣
԰׶ݵسڷǰʱеĿʵûС
ϵĿ־ͷŭǱˡ
ү֪ҶƮѻ˶Σҡҡ
˵ȥվġ
Ȼģֿ˫ȣֽԼ¿
ǷŭۣͣңһҪɣҪʬΣ
ʱȴ˸漴ȥԼķĹɼ䡣
ûߵૣҶã㲻ںһأһȲҶƮ
һ㶼Ȳϣ
תͷŭȻֶԷˣһ˺ѵʹ
סԼ˫ۣ§˶ԷʼݺݵͦѲԷѨķ
׷ɽǲŹԼ֮ᣬͣֻǿЦ
Ц߿ȣǰͷͷĬĬ˲ʵˮ
𶥵Ŀ˿ûעԼϵʪһƬ
ȵͷԼ֮ᣬͻ˹ȥ
ү
ɾʧӣŷ˫ü岻ʡ£ǸĴٲȻһںڵѪ
æȸֽѨԷһ˿֮ᣬϽñǺá

ججѹղŷ£̲סѪӿһŻһѪ
ƣؿŵķɣճһĨݶЦݡ
ˣɡˣ߰ɡѾûʲ̤ˡ
˵껰һ󼱴ͿȣѪ
ү¡
֮ᣬڲѣּ˾ʹ࣬ԼǺԶԷ
ڴϣͷ͵͵شӿ˵Ҳ˿ǻ
һǿȴϻں޵ʱҲ̬֮
߰ɡ
ľȻ̾һ֪ǰΪγһҶƮıӰ
ȻȥıӰע޻ء
ڣԼκʱ򶼸ǸԺԼ̹ԣѾԻˡ
ЩӣԼǵҹԼ֮ǼĲ࣬ǣ
ֻǲ֪ҶƮǲԼͼı
װ²װһˡ
ʹӣЦ˫鴤޼ɵŻѪȻָպͷѪǳɫıϻдҶƮ֡


򿿺ӵͷϣһȺȥͷýӶ
ݸϱĽͨŦӺÿͷвٴֻж
ҶƮҲվȺУƮ㽣Ѳ䡣
ǰʱϵ̲ʣ޼
һǮ˼ƷȻ⴦ͷѰ׬ǮڵĻᡣ
ͷһۣɻ
ͷ۾׾ٵصصĻΪԾر

һǮѵӢۺ
ӺۣܿԶԼ˵˾ɡ
ҶƮѡ͵ʵش
ΪԼݣӲƮ㽣ҲȡԴ˸û̸һ佭¡
ΧھӶΪҶƮֻǸ˵صĿ˰ˡʱʱӼЩʳˮ

Ǯɴ졣
˵ɲľǰֿսˣ
òװ˼ִ꣬սʱǧضץ׳ǡ
˭֪ء²Ǵ˴ɲľĹỹ£
ҶƮĬվȺǵ̸ûʲȤ
ֻǵ۳ʱ춻̲סһ
ͺƺġ
ѾûϢˣҶƮ֪Ҳδϵ

õ˽յĹǮҶƮһһĬĬȥ
˺ƣ߱ߺȡ
Ǯ٣ȻҲãζɬȴ⣬ֻǴڹ
صſʱҶƮ֪ؾЩˣ˵ӣǲġ
ƿţһ˵ľûҶƮŲ΢Ե߽ȥֹţڴϵͷ
ƺͷһˮ˳Ǿͺ޹ϧ˳
ҶƮһشȻѾƺݺˤ˵ϡ

ǰֳٷѾ뼺ӡӰӰ´֮䣬ǷᶼԵʵ
Ϊʲʱأʮѻˡ˵òǷ
ҶƮƵһЦһ͵˴ϡ
΢΢ڴûһͼıӰ鴤
ƵŵģżҶƮ͵һ



ɲľַ߽֮ٳΪһ֮硣
һ꣬Ÿ˰´Ļӡ
δͺӾ֣֮λʮ˵Ļʵ۱
Ļ֮ʱҲʮ꣬ȴºպչȻȻԷֻһ
һԪϴ󳼽Ȱ뷨ȴִҪɲľʶ쳯ϡ
ǰһҹշת࣬춻ȻĽС
δԼĻƺ˼֣ӦǸյȻ˪ɫˡ
£˴䣬˾ǰڼݻعɡ
һźֶһֲԸ
ʪӣ̾˿ڴߣ͵ʺ壬ɺã
̧ͷӢֶһۣЦѡ
費ߣδڼӢۣιʽվѺӢšʵֶʧ
˼о뵡ǳ
ĥˣֺαȥʲӢ۹ܡ
嵹Ǹ̹ϵˡ
һЦתͷ˵ɲľҾ֪кθ߼
ϾٲãµսȴԷı赹ҲǶǳǰһֶ飬Ҳ춴˴γ˼
ûκɣ˵ñȥ
ޣΪΣüãΪֹ
´δָӣһȥҲͼ磬ΪΪĳֶָ㣬ɱСߣΪһ֮óȻ붼ѹи˭˵ǰϲûӣĪѹиµӣǽĵĴ󳼣һб䣬ǰܵУ񲻱ˣ
Ļ̱ʱ
֪Դ󣬴һʼ㲻ῴԼ֮Բ
Сޣϰ䣬飬һкѣߣٹٹģܳڶ࣬޵Ļףβ
һŭһĴ壬һӿ
ɼ״æȰοϢŭүֱԿ˷Ҳֻѿ֮ͼһʱ֮죬ֺαغһĻԹߵ˼ƽϡ

ǺЦת򷽺ɣȻĿ
ˣû䵽Ҫ˵
ɲ˿ɫ΢΢һ䣬̶ָֻ糣򶨡
֪ǺԼǣȺԼıѳԼĥ衣
ҲãóԼ
Լֺݺݶ˳Ϊһͷ̡֮

˵öԣ㲻һ־Ľ˵ֻЦˡ
˳΢ЩЦ
Ȱסε̾ЦǡȻͼı棬ǲֻһ˽ıСˡһ䣬˵ȼҹ£ǧ£
ˣ㲻ǸСӣ
費ԸٶϻվߵſʱסɷԸϾ޵壬չ˵úЩ̫ίˡ
΢ɹ𻰣ῴ˿
ԷɫȻƯǲزסκʹ

31

֮ᣬһ£СӾȡԼóȻһʲأ£ֻб䡣
յ磬С˷ʳѾˮһһںãŷ߲ò͡
ϵĲо⣬ȫ׷Ҳϵȵס
ʵԸΪƷʳί
ү췽¥ʨͷ
Сؼ˸ʨͷŵЦ
Ϊ֮·Ĳ£ʳǰҲûʲ˼ַȥ
СϢ
СȻеۣƽȴ࣬ӦǿԽӴˣĻϴ֪ϲûһҲС֪ġ
С㶣û뵽ĹԵĺүΪ֮߾ս£ϸ룬˵˽ѵɲľսǰս¼ңҾʤ˼أػϺܿƵлɡ
ʤ˼Ǽ٣ıǼƣ
Ĭǳһھƣü䷴øˡ

ճ극СԺǣȻһӣһǰ漴ͳ˽
Ϊ֮Ѧͳ졣
˵Ͻ֮أֲʹڵײ֣Ϊǻײ˴
Ȼ⣬ȴҲңվԺּͣʵʲ᣿
ּɱ룡
ѦͳЦһ˻֣Χס
ּѵ
˵ʲ᣿
ѦͳɫңΪ̰漴춾ǰмǰּҪҵؽ
һǰѳȻԡѪģ
ȻԻλ֮Թ춻ɶԷϾ֮ӣԼСֶӣ֪ѶʱʹĲѣͷһ̾䣬¡
ɵӣΪβ֮ԣðʸΪ
ߣ壬̾ȥظ̾ɣˣɱ
ѦͳУҹζ࣬ǰնɱ
֮£ȻȻȻ֪³Σɴ˿ȴ
ͻȻһƵŭѦͳһһӰ䵽ߡ
һۣЦɣʲ᣿
ɺᵶ֣Ŀ磬ΧһۣŭǷ˭壿
Ѷ֮ʱɱ֪϶һ䣬ףһһϡΨһһλүҲУһڶȨݱȻŹûȨ
ܶ˭ԣ֮ж
δصһУ·Ѧͳ˻ּܲǰȥˡ
ҵȻǷ˻ϵּɣѵҪӴ
ѦͳͷһѶһȦʿǷɵ¡
ǻּǾóʥּ
㵽Ѷ䴫ּӦû;δǣѦͳǷĻǻǵΪǿܻᱻƵλϵĻ壬ʱһգҪ÷磬Ҫˡ
Ȼ緽ϣѦͳòʥּġֻسƬ̣Ȼ˺ݵظߺҵȷ֮ɱ˭ɱ룬ٻָտɴϣ

Цһ˼ɣһֻһﵶ˲㿳˸ҳ
Ѧͳ쿴书Ȼ˵ãһȴ·ˣֻҧֳɱ
µʿ״Ҳ׷׺ǰǰε򣬲һƽԺɱ

ȻɻǱϾ㱻޷ʩչһգѦͳڶ࣬⽣Ӱ֮䣬ұѱˡ
ɼˣмߣһͷæȥơ
үû°ɣ
û¡䵭ؿ˿˿ڣ˵ҵ
һƿԷҧҧԿС
ģԱɱ¾ġ
ֻҪܾᶼã

ڷɵڻ£жϵ˶󣬶ʱеһ졣
ǰһȼѪĽǰ˵ʬһߡ
ǱЦ󽣵ĺһ˲ұӡ
߱ɱסѦͳ쿴˵ȸԾسֽɱ˹
Ȼ䣬ѺʱԷǣֲһ㣬Ľ֮࣬м
壬ˣѦͳһЦн˪ֱȡʺ
Ϊһ̴ܴʺֻԷվһǱƫеؾԽжԼĽУԼ޷ǰ̽֡

ɫˮһȻж
תѦͳ죬ɱⷭڡ
ɲǣѦͳеĳΪΣҲһѪڵء
ͷԼʿԼͷ챻ƣԼ֣ͬͣ
ҲǾ㵣ȻЩԼ÷ſˡ
˭ܸ

Ѧͳ쾪ֵһԼæģүСҲǱƲѣү
Ʋѣ
βϷʣϵĺԵߵ£ɫ
Ѧͳ쿴ɱæĨĨѪȥ
δؿһͷȥһ֧ضڣǰʯ
㡭ĵػͷȥԼһЦ
δ䣬Ѧͳ³һѪ˵ڵأ޶

ţޱߣ޾飬ʵڿϧ
Χֻǿ־ǲɵĿ⣬Цһƽվסǵ˻ȥ
Ժﻹվ˼׷Ծÿһ·
ȻԭأżŶеıӰһʹнյĵҲ֮أһ졣

32
ʵۼݱϢܿʹȫף˶֪£һʱҲֻ֣ÿսͷӶһʶ˵˳
ʱǲɲľ׷Ϊδʱֳ
Ȼûգǿв²෽ݳˣ·սƱΪȻʱѩޡ

ҶƮϢʱ򣬲ġ
û
˿ھƣΪ޲ȸԾİգ૵Ц
Ҿ㡣
춻ǵóԸˡֻǲ֪ʱվ˭
ǻһζеӣңڣ繡
ҶƮ㣬ǰˣڽī۵ĳԼЦᡣ
ԼȴкĿȥ


ּѶͻؾǵģּչģ¹ٹٸߵҲС
̫ξ޾⽫λ춻롱֮ʱһ
Լǵˡ
ֻϧ꣬ûصõһ˿ģȴֻ
ɾþõعϻ¶һĨεЦ
ȻûգٹٶǨ֮ʱȴչڼС

̬ΣΣٶЩϡ
ǿһУȻǰ봫λȴʵˡ
ҪǿԼ˫ģǽ
ҲӢŵֶʹϧԸӵĻλ
ܿ죬ȻΪӲȴ˻λָֻүݡ
һٶȴӮ˲ϳͣнǵĴҲΪķڷΨ֮ǰһɱĻһֲ̿Ϊ˱ܻ׷˹ӡǱ˵ס
ָλּӷΪѾɾȨȻɲľַٻصΪԼıһ¶ľɲǰ߾С
Щɲľսͱ߾ζǳ˽⣬֪Ը塣
һ򾩳ǣסģɳ󽫳ֻȽݱ

ʱסĵطԴΪͺ֮ᣬʮδء
ٻأ˷ǡ
£ϱĿϢ
ζư౯Ҳ΢΢
Ϥչ˹СѱΪ
ŮʹʱΨһůˣϲԼǷ˵顣
ڣҪһ죬ǷҶƮģڱӰ֮仹塣

С֪Ϣʱʧɫ֮ɫƽƽʵλ
Ȼ˽빬춻ʵ
С빬֮ᣬĵڼǫѷ磬ʳϤϣ˿ûԵ
³ЩΣ֪ϲãܵ㺮ͿԲֹ˽ԼǮЩ˵Ρ
СЦӯӯŮ澶鷿ȴ˯ˡ
үСỽһѣˣ۵رȡϵë̺ϡ

С
ƺֻصƷɽۣ¼ԣزãеļį
ȻһЦæͷȥ
ʵܡԶͦεӰЦ
֣
һתһϲֵܶͬȻ˽ģȴվ
Զҡҡͷǰ
ү
Ȼһŭͷӣ濴˲Цķɡ
װĹӴֶ˫Լﻹһز¶
ūšЦһҪڣǰķɺȻԶˡ
һƬã¼š
ãȻ޴ΣΧûһӰʹ¶ͬʱϮѡ

ʱһƽ͵һ㶣תһһµҶƮȻ˹
ؿԼмǧǧȴһҲ˵ڡ
ԼһҲȻš
ҶƮ߹ݴЦЦǡ¥һգˬ
ĨºԼҪߵԼǰʱ̽ҶƮץȥ
еԼץ˶ԷһƬ½󣬿ǰȴӰ㽥š
˼ȴãֻô֡
ǸӰỹȫ˺ڰУҲ

ҶƮߣ
ھдһһ㣬ϵ
һźչСһϽס
үүˣ
ǱϣɫףʹãȻͷתؿ۷ԼˣղԭֻǷ˸Ρ
û¡ҡҡͷؿһʹ
Сæ¯ϵ˹ź¡
ĬĬغɿڵ֭ղ˵ξֳǰ
Ŀһ룬תͷЦԸСȻطϢмҪҪ졣
ʱηˡЩԼܵĥ裬Ҫʮ
ͲһݵˣһЦס˳


33
ɱ̫鷿ʱɫݣ˿ûаִ١
ѹΪҲֻЦЦҾ
¼ү
ڣɢϣָ˼˿ϸ
ܹܣչˣñ˲ٰ׷
չ˲ܣ۵ӹһ˿ʹͷ΢Ц
ݺ̧ͷĿɨӵ޾ϣĵ׵Ĵ˷򶨡
ȻЦһ϶£һóһȳһյس˹
ҴСһ𳤴Ȼ֣֮д㵽׻סηܹ㣬ȴԱЩʲ᣿ң
΢΢ͷϸƽݣҪҳЩɫ
һͷһ漴üһ棬Цһֻүһϯ֮ضѡ
ҲУ
ԣúү֮ҲǺ󡣡
û뵽㾹ҲǸ֮ˡãڵҵķϣҲɱ㡣
ߵᣬؿ˿Χļ̫࣬һĨаЦعճ
޷շǿҪʱʹ벻ʣÿÿ𣬱޲ýʬϡ
ˣȥִ·Խܹܣһٺ»ɡ
ڶ๬һʳǹܹĪ̫
ԴЦĻ֮ᣬһʶ˵Ķ¡
˾٣ҪԼ
ܹȥ
ָڵķɴЦ̫ס˷ɡ
ڱ֮ʱѱסһ·
Ȼػһ۴ЦֹӼ̫ȥ
֪أиүү¶Թҵķϣһȫʬ
ֹЦмü˵ðˣһǡ
ĬȻֻǳߵߵףЦүء
ӸµؿΪָֻȴ
˵껰̫಻еæȥɸһ㷢쳣
үΪ̫࿴ɹ𣬵ͷȥſ΢˫Ŀ۽ǱмѪһ£Ȼ
ʵ֪ɵӣԼȻȥֻûϵԷѱһľǰԼͲ˶С
ɲǼ䣬ǧԹ̡
ԼСͷһ𳤴һʶ֣һϰ䣬ԼΪݵλ֮ʣȻĸ֮ˣмֵ֮飬ȴʼշŲӺúô
ԼܴЩ
ȻԼԼҲһԹᡣ
̾һ淽ɺ˫ۣᣬ׷˳

ᣬеĿ⣬ԼĹͷļįֿʼˡ
޵ֶ˼ֿ顣
һ˷ǽص޹̴Ͽյ̳WĽ
ϣеĺ㶣˻ֻһ̲ס
ͷһſһŻȻһ̲Ѫ
ͬ۵ѪᷳرͷȥҲϢԾµ
ҶƮ֣ԷӢͦʵӣҶƮԼ֮ĶԹޡ
һˣ

ˣ
̫æظ˽
үкηԸ
Ŀ̲Ѫ˵ȫͨҶƮˣܡ
̫㶣Ҳ֪ҶƮڽϵ֪λ߽˵ֻСĵʵʲأ
ʲʲ֮ҪҲ֮࣡
ʵܻץˤ˵ϡ
Щ࣬ҶƮȴزŲʣʵʹߺޡ
οҶƮܺĽŽȫԼǰһҹֺٰμࡣ
ʰ긺ԼķɣȻҲʰҶƮ
ȻԵԼȣ

ּ̫֮ᣬƣɻ˴ϡ
µĵ񻨴һɫʰ쵵գԳߡ
򣬸
ɳƵأԷЦĮﰵԼδ㺡
ʹֳգԹ
ҶƮ˵һһѲҪ㡭
ԱĽûʶԼָͬжį

34
ҶƮͨʱһɲǣЩµ
Щʹرȱʧ۴Ŀշתϸֶֶ
⿴һֽģȴ֪˳ٶԼԹޡ
Ǿ𣿾ѹĴԼ
ҶƮɬһЦĻ֪ΪοʼɢȥȻ
λԼܻǿģҪᱨʦԼҲԸȥķŭ
꣬һúܿࡣ
ҲһԹˡ
ҵһһѲ㣡
վĻڶߣҶƮԳ̾һȺԹٱ˵ҾҶƮ

Ĺû뵽ͨѹҪҶƮһССϣû뵽һĽç᲻˿Ұס
УæҹѺҶƮϾ
;յ˺ѹ֮ܡһС
ҶƮվֻԼûлټһ档
ǰܵʹ˿̣ͬܡ
Ҳͨˣʲνļҹ£ģվʲ֮˵һЦա

үҶƮȻͶѺ
̫õҶƮ־ܵϢ棬а㵢
Щӣ˹ɲľս⣬ĵľҶƮ֮¡
ü£⻰ϵıʾһ
̧ͷֻĿɭ̫ࡣ
˭Ѻˣ̱㷢䵽ɽȥⲻ⣡
ɽ쳯߼֮أѩҲҪ֮
˵껰еˣ˻ᣬı춻
֮ȫͨҶƮ޷öԷڵΪڳ֮˳һԼ֮ࡣ
ȻҲתˡ
ǡȻ֮䣬ֲҶƮˡ
ף粻
ǰ飬α
뵡üһĨЦ
ҪҶƮԼһЩ꣬Ҳִⱨ
ֻϧܾĥȴҲβһ˿һĹģθģ
緽˵Լ飬᲻Ųʣ
ԼƲŹ̬ͶǲԼĶˡ
ˣȥɽԼᣬȻˡһУ
Ŀһȥ͵ҶƮֻ̲סһ̾


·˵򾩳Ƕȥ
ҶƮٰĻѺԼĹԱʱ޴ʧĪʹܿͰΧ
ĿĵܵľɫֿʼʱĿȥǵķ
µĳ˵̬߾ӳ֮ϣ˵ĳأԷĮԶؿˡ
ҶƮµľֻҪԼһľ˲ͻữΪľм
ԼȻֻһۣҪҲ¡
ȻӳһԼ
ҶƮ΢΢һЦȥۣԼյ۴ƵЦ


үβһսɲľܣҾѷ²ɲľĺɣɲľٹͶ
ҹ߲ݸϻ֪ĸ˷ܵعµУϸ⼸ǰս¡
СһĦΪ˶ʹҽţ쳯ʤϢҲ̲ס¶һۡ
ʵòϣģʱһĿĮȻƺʤϢ̫⡣
һж֮ᣬֵ̧ͷλȨյΪζԷӳ
ʤ˾ͺáҲˣȥϢճϱжᡣ
һᣬе͵ЦЦסСԼĦ֣ߣȥοȻʡ

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ǸѳΪԼЦͷ΢ԵЩƣıӰǼįýۡ
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ү
֪ԼģΪ֮ᣬټЦˡ
Сɫ΢΢һЦս֣ɲľѽλȵҲɰϢˡ
֪һ
̫ڻʳҲЩ
СֱյúůҲǳ㡣
ȻеԼĽŲתͷһµҶ
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үڿʲأЦ˾䣬ȻĲ澹չ¶į֮ɫ
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ƬƮڿеҶǰһʹμʹȴ̲סЦ
ûʲᣬߣȥɡ

ϣԼ޹ȵô
йŮ̫˵ڿտ޹㱼ߣǷغһ˵֣ѿȵǺѪȴƲֹҲȰס

35
ɽĿͷϵĻƲ֪˶ٱ
ҶƮʵظһµĿۡ
ʱԲ֪ĵصԵӰ
ǽһѹκˣҲټҶƮҪıǴ絽˿ɳʯ飬ԼȴһҲȲˡ
ֹһӣɲľܣɶ쳯׳Ƴһϲ£þٹڣ͢䲼˴
ҶƮٺԼһĿΪ֮뿪˰ɽԼⲻ֮˱ûˡ
ÿֵԼ
Ϊѹﱻŵ˴ģһɹ˶Ϊٰѡ
ĸоȫͬġ
ָ߸ϣ˾ĽȻԶȥֻʣʹĥ

ѹԶˣ
ʳĹ°һ׻ݸ䷹׵ҶƮǰҲⶫܷʣתߡ
ԲͬܵĹ̬Ҳǲͬġ
еãǮ¸ǣɵĻ٣ҲůԵҲ㡣
еǷﲻףҲ㲻ʲ񣬻ֻ˹ݣֻֻðգµĵҲ̫ѡ
ҶƮֱʮø޷ֺǳԿࡣ
ȻֻǱ˴˶ãᱻĥ

ҶƮؿֺ뿪Ĺ£ŲȥСĵץϵķʳ
֪Щı⡣
ţЩᲪȻŭ
ֻΪʲ
ѵزټԼ
ҶƮЩãȻˣ׽ӲĲݸ˺ܴľʡ
ͬ˺ܴľھʱһδȰԼٵȵȣģһġ
˵ˣҪԼһɽ󴨵


ʵۣһӲˡ
ϣаٹΪ˴δʤԼǶ쳯ĸ蹦̵£롣
ߵĹŮﱧӣһ²ãʲᶼ֪Ӥ
֪˭ᷳЩαĳ̣
´ĵ˵öɴයŪŮﱧĺӣСʵཱུϲ
ԣ̫屧ЦСⷽӵԼ
Ȼǵϣһ󳼵߶
ٹ̧ͷȥ
ˡ
һ٣һֶԼ۵°ڣƺǳɫʪһƬ
۳ڳȥȻЦԱߵ̫࿴ЩŹֵӣϽס˺޵Сʵۡ
͵ɣ˳
˻֣Ĭİٹˣ
ЩľȻıӰһ˿
ȵ˶ȥˣҲվ뿪į֮λ

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СЩÿնȵæȥס
һľɫ糺죬ңŲĵﶫЦ
Ψį㶮𣿡סСϴЦСȻؿ֪˵ʲãƺ뿪֮ͱһˡ
㬵ɿ֣注ֿʼ
㲻֪ߣνǣ֪ߡνҺ֪ߡںδ
С˴ˮšëҪȴһëϡ
ү
㶵ؿˣ˫ڿޡ

̫ҽ֪Ҫһȥɽ֮ʱЩģ֪̽оɻʵڲʺϵẮĵطȥ
һ֮ᣬΪԼƼʱȥɽѲӵͷֻ֪Ǻذ¯౸Щҩǡ
˭֪ʵӣĻһԾŶһŵǧ𣬾׸ġ
С֪ϢᣬΪûдȰ衣
ȻгţҲ֪һЩ顣
ǰһҶƮ˱ٹͨԼķ˯ȴ˵֡
үȥأ캮ضഩЩ
ҹһϡ
õġ΢Цһ£Сձǡ
⻹ǵһΣԼ֮м֮ס


ҶƮһڰɽʯ顣
붬֮ᣬøΪ̹ǣһѩᣬﾹ˼˲˥ġ
书δʧֻﳤʱԲůҲýѰˡ
֪Լ᲻
Ʈ㽣ҶƮ˵йѿ
ҶƮأЦ£קϵһһʯɽȥ
ոһյĥ£ļҲĥѪڣƼ˺ۡ
ɽ·ߣ˷ѾŻɽȻҲֲ֧סȥʯʧ֧͵һһߵļҲ֧ŲסۿʯҪɽȥ
滹෸ɾʯ±ضˡ
ҶƮʧɫ˾ʯ»ƣӲһ֮קס
ֲڵиսʱѪ죬ҶƮһסʯ
ʱ๤Ѵһ˸˹ǻƻ㻯һΣ
ȻֻƬʱ䣬ҶƮ飬³һѪ˫ϥһ͹ȥſԼּһƬʺ죬ϸʹû֪
ҶƮ̾Ϣ˿Ըǵ˼ޣҲŲ˶ˡ
춣ûеȵ
ҶƮЦǰһڱԵѩ

36
ҶƮȥ֮㱻ηͷ˵Ҳûٱֻڸɲݶϡ
ʹͺҶƮûڻ˯ж֣ͣûþͱˡ
ͷͼݸˮȡ
ҶƮŲǰɤɵˣ̧ϵ˺ʹ
ȾƵͷҶƮ˺һڵϼҨͰˮȥ
ÿ궬ҪٷˣԽԽ٣浱ٵ˵£Ը΢ӿ£˲õʱý
Ȼûͷ˼ȥЩ쳯

ˮɤЩ֮ᣬҶƮǽϡ
֪ǲΪ̫䣬ϵĲʹƱЩľˣûܣֻ˻˯
֪Լ˯䣬Լ˯ˣִһ˲ֻ¾Ѳ
ҶƮЦֻϢ
һؿȻһʹһѪͿ˳
û뵽Լ˵ҲĵزҶƮ˲ǵѪ˿ֻεز
ɭȣеʧڡ
ˣԵ춨Լͳ֮ԵѶϡ
ֻϧûƿɺȣȻһȻţҲ¡
ҶƮͱۣȥ٣ǰԼ㡣


ɽشëຮƫԶ˱͢ŷǵ˴ְĹ⣬û˿ˡ
˴һһ·ܣٽɽʱǰߵعԱ׼Ӽݡ
ƹܴ˵صŽһݵˣŵҲҺˣҲҳˣ˹˵ԡ
һ·оɻӼƣͲסẮֻ¯ʢ¾ȡů
洫Ļͷüֻеʷȥ򷢡
һ˰ɽܿɽµĹô
ߵүүǧǧǧǧꡣ
Žֺõؽһдõ¶Է
䣬Χס˵ܱˮ˶µľɻ
ؿֵļⷣ˰¾ƶ˹ǳһڲŵϻˣΪһˡ
Ž˵صĹٲǹСְ΢Ӧûпʸ
֮⣬ɽıһūһˣ뵽ǻ͵ʲϵ
Ž˼ȥҲ²ʲбԵˡ
һ˵Ļеĵλ϶ͬСɡ
¾ƱǳһڰŽ治⣬ЦЦ
ҪһˡҶƮ


үúܣαū¹˰ǡ
һҪȥҶƮŽ˼æֺģȴ飬һۣΧ˶졣
Կ׸ң˶
ȻԷͷҲҲηԿףȵȰĻԿףһһȳ߽ɭȡ

΢Ļ⣬һηһηϸס˶ڣ㲣£ЩܹӲд
֪ҶƮˣ˻ر֮Ҳаˡ
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ΪʲҪܿࣿԼΪ˱ǿӸġ
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ԭԼҶƮ˵໰׼˶ҪݺݼڿҶƮйͷ֮ޣ˵
ȴһҲ˵ᾲվ⣬ĬĬؿǸǽǵˡ
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ҶƮȻ˲Ŀмյ˯ȴһŲΪͷѲӣɶԷƺվԼǰͲˡ
ҶƮͷӺڰ⿴˹ȥ
ǸϤӰʱҶƮһٿ֮䣬ЦļҲƽ
͵ȵþˣȵѲǳ

ˣ
ԭڿ༥Ļһû˵ټҶƮʱһ仰ҲûĹ֮
ţ˹ſ˼겻ҶƮ
ó˵¹˶Էϳˡ
ǸЦ쳾ݺĴ˿Ωһ࣬ɥ
΢΢˸ҶƮ۵Ķ֫ؿȻһʹ
㡭أ
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Цһطϲ춻ӿͷ
Ǽ꣬Կ˰ɣ
áʵһȻЩҲס һɴҲ
֡ϵģҶƮĲб۴ʹ
ҶƮҡҡͷԸٶ˵ǿҽţղ߹ʱѿ˶Է·΢˵ƣվǺò˵ġ
ֻǲ֪֮һ˿ڻûϵĻᡣ
о𣿳Ȼٶ꣬׶Թһ
ҶƮ΢΢һЦǰˣипǧ
ȻԷԭԼҲ޷ǰԸˡ
Ʒ֪ǧ٣һˣһм֪

37
Ž˶ΪһƽƽƣǰԸȥ˾ˮʳٲҴ¹ү׷˵˱ݡ
ˡ۸ϴԡڴ·ҶƮƼ˶Է϶˿ڡ
ҶƮΪһֱֻ׾ϵӣͷҲ̧Ц֮ˣٲ˱үǱˡ㵱ձѺϾҲЩٵꣿ
ͷ˿ھƣ֪ͺá
ҶƮ໰ֻԹ˵ֵһơ
Ҿ㡣ٱһЦĿᡣ
΢ü˿ǰƱ̾һ춻ǾӺҶƮһ
ҶƮһζرۡ
ܾûͺүȹˡ
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˾ʵãȴܻΣÿÿȵ糺죬ĿתҲˣʱȴԼ
ЦŨĿģԼ
㵱Ȳ϶飬񣬺α˵Щ
䳰ЦһͷԼҽš
ҶƮˣһЦ֪ϵ׻ǿ̱ġ
˭һ桭ҾҲƭأ
ҶƮۣĿָӵ
ҵʱغúƭҡ˵ɽ˺ģѵƭҵģ
һ㵣治ߣϺȵǣûƭ㣡Ұ棡ڡ㣬Ҳ档
֪ңȻԲ㣬ΪһҶƮٹͨء
ҶƮ̸֮ƣѹڸͷԹ֮һʱԶơ
ȻҶƮִЦ˼Ҫй
ۿץסӵָȴؽףꡱһһϺõĴɱָ仯Ϊ
á㵱ı°ܣеץӦҲ㡣֪֪꣬㾹һζûҡ飬Ҳޣ
ҶƮݣɫǻһЦ
±ӣȥһץסָ֣һۣս
˵ֶе˿ȴΪ˴ů 
ԡû㣬֪꣬ʱ̶㡣ҶƮһЦ֣･Ȼʲȥ㣿Ů鳤̬֮޻α
ΪһţɫЩ޴룬ڳһڹʱĮ̬
ҲãҲáҵĻ˵ˡǰټһ棬Ҷĳ֪㡣
ҶƮ˵껰ָһɣǷſ֡
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Ҷ֣ү̫ˡ
ҶƮĿһЦɫ΢΢Щʹֿ࣬ʼˣֱ˺շΣѹסǲܡ
ҶƮȻҪʣȴҶƮüһ壬ſڱŻѪһ㾹ϵȥ
æסҶƮҲͺķԼס
Ҷ֣㡭
û¡
ҶƮǿ˵һ䣬һѪӿϺͷҧӲǰѪ˻ȥ
˵ˣӲţһ䣬Ͻ˽
ҶƮͷۻȻ˵ֻȴ˼ůЦݡ


үҶأ˵򺮶ȱҩٵֻ֮ǡ
е̫ҽΨΨŵŵصͷȥ
֪ϲŭɫȴ䣬ֻһСģԼеͷ֮ա
ȻˣǾس̣Ƭ̲õ󣡡
̫ҽⷬȻǼŭӣۻҶƮԼͶ˵һУ
ԼִԹ֮䣬˼
ɽĿҶƮϰ֮ˣΰЩ˵ĥ
̾һѻ˱øЩۼԷѶһۣаʹһʱݡ

յɽȴس̣һ
Žǲ⣬Ϊȴ֮᲻ã͢˶İɽȥеķˡ
䵹˶ഫլʺ񣬲̼ǵɭ޵Ĵڣ춷ϳ˲пľơ

38
ؾ֮ᣬһҶƮƽѹ֮һ߰סԵĳ绪ﱾǻʵ۵Ĺ֮ԴԶ踸ݱ֮ᣬҲư˳绪תȥ𴦾ס 
һЩص̫Ů⣬νˡ 
⼸գ±ͣظȥ绪̽ҶƮʲ᲻֮ 
Ҫʲҩģȥ̫ҽԺñǡһбʲأΨʣ 
µ˲ľΣѸ˵Ļ˵ˣȴǲҹ 
ҶƮյϤĵ֮ᣬǴ󻺽⣬˵̲סЦ 
겻˵ƣһû 
ȡЦҡ 
ڰֳˣԽӹЦ˴ߡ 
֮⣬ƺҲû˭˵ˡ 
ҶƮƤһʱүҲͱŻЩˡ 
ҶƮϣŵζü 
ⶫԵҿˡ 
Ҩһ͵ҶƮߣôȰ̫ҽ˵ĲҪȲ 
ҶƮ˱죬޿κεؿĿЩ⡣ 
ǱҺȡ㺬ιҺˡ 
صɴ˫ۣƺҶƮ˵ĻԷɫƽ˵ѡ 
ͷ˿ȷŴѹغᣬЦϷһȡ 
ҶƮںüĵص 
̾ЦһڲȻȥסҶƮ 
ιˮûιȥ٣˵Ĵ֮ݣ罺ᡣ 
ҶƮ§ס 
֪һֻֻס𣿡Ц̾һߵ 
һҲҶƮЦʲᣬ㱧סңסˡһΣҶֿҪúõϧȡǰˡ 
ҶƮһЦӵһߣһѳסԷ½ 
⻰Ҫ˵ 
⣬໰ֻĬĬϲҶƮ¡ 
ϣҶƮԣԸûκ˽ݡ 
һգȻûԸǰˮͷͨϢһҲûŽȥ 
ųʱ̵̫ŷԼ·ʱ˵øƺŤˡ 


ҶƮټĽѽ⣬ڳ绪Ϥչˡһ֮ᣬڰɽʱܵѺõòࡣ 
˵ɽۣǰʱŸпδĳѲǵǸƫ߹ݵİҲǶˣԼҲѱ࣬ҲƮ㣬ҶҲƮ㣬Ʈ㽣ѳɹȥ 
ֻ⻪ĻʹȴʼվﲻԼôĵط 

ΪأƺҲ̫񻰡 
ҶƮҵ̹Ȼ˵롣 
ִ£ΪҶƮƣʱδ⣬һԷȥͻ 
ᣬѵ뿪 
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վӣһֱݲؽ㰲ڻʹÿֻæ˱ҡң֪ңҲȢŮǷģȻȢ˼ң͸öԱ˸ǣպԼ̰ܻŮ˵ġ 
㡭Ī뿪ߣ 
˵˱ʾǰһѷסҶƮļͷ 
ҶƮΪѵؿ룬춻ǻ˵Щӵദʮֻ䡣л㲻ɶ񣬿ع춺áֻǣҲ֪°Σ˥һ˼ϣıԶҶĳ֮꣬ңȢȴֺջá 
ҶƮ˵꣬͵Сֻиж֮飬ް֮飬ҷΪΪҵϤչ˰ˣαع춴ˣ춹£ҲˣҲûΪ˱ķϹÿȥʱͰѴС´׵ҶƮ£Ȼɼ޼׷ 
ҶƮһָ̧̾޼䣬Ȼмư׷ȴ۲ѡ 
£ߡջصĻһҪġҺȾƣҿǣҡ˵棬ɤһʣֻýסҶƮ 
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꣬ԼΪ£գΪβΪ£ 
ҶƮ֪ԼȻ˵һףʼǷŲ¡ 
ԼۣΪܹնԼͳ֮һ飬֪ȴʹ 
ԼƯůĻԼչޡ 
ҶƮıȻʡ 


һ꣬쳯ֳ˼𾪳ҰĴ¡ 
Լˣͬʱ䲼һ޲ݷ 
ݷ䲼ĵһݵķ 


ضЦ 
ҶƮԺƷӸĺþƣЦò⡣ 
̾ҪԵСټƭŮƽ⣬δңȻίֻίԼˡүҲݣȷҲšòҲܸŮһ· 
ҶƮһЦбһۣ˵ܸӣĪҲΪ򣿺øյĳԭ˰ 
ҶƮȡЦǺҲڸǲסΣֻӡ 
ʲΪҽӣѵз֮𣿣 
ѵү֮ķ֮ʵ 
ҶƮһĴЦһһ 
޿κεؿֻ̾ԼһҪ˺ľݡ 
үҶĳһ 
ʱҶƮ泩קסҪơ 
ʱỹҺү 
ѽйߣүƺЩݣˣ 
дҸȡºţ˴ϣĲ㣡 
 
ҹĻ԰ַǷ˵Цϣһ£Բ
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