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һأˣֻѰȤŲʡϹ̣أܣθǿķŵʵ쵼ߡԽƢԵһ뷨ʺƣȺƧǸѲ⣬¹ϣȻ飬ȴжȡ 



꣬ѵ۸ξܶ棬һһȵĴڡ 

껹һϲ£ǰǰϣȥֶѲıʺƣƽϢе¼ЯδһˡԭǱõıã˶δڱϦദ⣬ĸĴ¶ס 

УֻϹѾף˻ǹ¼ҹˡ˭֪أСֻжʮ걱þȻҲףʵŴϲ¡ 



ǱõĶϲۣø߽׵Ľٿ˾һǺƴ翪ʼѾЩµһĺȴûͣԸ 

ø߸ϯϣ̣߰λֵܹһ߰ϾȻҲֳЦ⡣Լ䣬ֻˡ 

²мϯֱŵĸ߼쵼ߡһڿλãɫ԰׵ڽ 

ӽ᲻ȾƣŵĻ㱾ǰ棬ͻȻע⵽ŵĵһ쾹Ȼڲ۵Ľ䣬ΪҪܾƣƱҪ˭֪߽һŷԭӢӾ԰ѿĿ¡ 

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ӽǲȥ˵һȥϢɣֵĻ˵ֻʵΪ԰׵ĶѾðϸƺʹ࣬סȰȥϢ 

ֻڵʹӾ磬ԼԽԽܡ̧ͷȥȴÿʺƼһƬָ⣬ЦĿӣ˿ֻö࣬ʵһԾ¡ 

һ׶ĵʹȻ֪ԣԼǶ˴˷Ƿ֮롣ٴϵݲе飬Լ֣Ľܽ⣬ζ飡 

ֻڡ϶ڲͣʹҪһ㡣 

һ磬ʼδһۡԼϵǧĥȴ޷ӡ 

ǿѹڵʹԻǿЦˣ鷳ˡ 

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˴ãȣܼææµµ²˵ǡתξӵԺйԺ䣬ƫƧ԰԰ŽǰȴҲͲסһģԵԺǽߡ 

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2 



еʹͬԽԽҡ 

ҧ˫ǵ԰ķŲȥ˫ȴǦһ֧ŲסԼǣоǸ䶯Ķƺڽ´һ׹ʹԼ¸ҲƵ鲻Խ˫ס 

ȲҪˡ 

У 

дУȴܿƵ»䣬һһʹ˫ۡ 

 

֪ԼͣѾƫƧĽ䡣 

Ȼʹ̣Ȼǿ԰߹ȥ̶̵ļ·ȴԶûоͷһͷ󺹡 

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סҽһʱתѹһǿҵĳʹоʲᶫƵһ㣬һȵҺ⣬˳˫ȼ 

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ƬƬѩ֪ʱ£ϯɫҲ 

ǰԺĸξ绹ûнҪеҹܰݡ 

µڼžҹԣҲ߻ƧԺӼį 

 

첻֪ʱȥ˶áѱ亹͸½ϲ˪ѩ䳹ǡֻԼ֫ѾľǸȴһʹԽԽҡ 

ѩвԼķǰȴȥҲûС 

˭˭ 

һǿ͵ˣҲ̲סĵȡ 



ӽ㡢ˣ 

ƺҲȥڴѩп 

㾪ʧؿѩе죬ɫϵһѩʾһʱ䡣 

ԭ뿪֮ᣬԽԽòġҪ֪ΪŴ󽫣ոǿ񣬾ˣҲɫ԰ףð亹뵽Ĭԣ̵Ըֻ岻ȴǿ͡첻ͬˣһ㣬Ϊˡѩ£춻̲ס 

˭֪԰⣬԰Ŵ󿪣һͼ쾹Ȼ̨£һ 

ȥо䣬 

˫ǰˡ 

 

ӽǲˣ£ɫɵķڸסΣû㿴Сһо˴󵨴ܶ棬졣 

ҡҽݡ 

㷴ӦæҪ˭֪أ˫վ 

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3 



ݣϣѱѩ͸ķ£㿴һֱڸסΣһ 

ȥȥ򡭡Ĵץס֡һʹϲɵ 

㱻ۣ߬Ҳ 

ӽ㵽ˣ 

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桢ҡҵˮѾơʹѵصشϡ 



֪˶ãɫ԰׵شҶԭҴҸ˿ʹڴշת 

Ҷԭһӣ˵ȥһѰס˷˵Լ 

죡ҰסҶԭض־Щ͵Ļ 

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һͻȻתͷȥȴʺɫվԷſڡ 

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Ҷԭȴ쳣򶨡 

ڸӽ 

ʲ᣿ʺԣɴ˫𾪵ıͺ͸ղųŴµĻһֻǷӦࡣ 

۹̴챻ŵ˫ȥͬһĸ߸¡𣬶Ƥһһ䶯ɼϿȴ־ģĲ԰ݣ˫ֻץ㰴סԼı۰ 

ɫɲ۹һ˿ɣܿߡ 



ȻѱʹĥЩ־ģʺƵȴͻȻͷʺɫӵվ￴Լ 

šԼɳһͻȻʶԼǱӡ 

Ҫʹͽ͵Ųѡ 

Ҫʲ᣿ǲҪҶԭϵġʹวǲҪӡ 

Ҷԭܲ࣬Ϊһҽߣֻ֪ҪϽ̥Ѿ׹ڣܿҪˡȫʪ͸壬Ի 

ס˫֣һ£ȻȥЩˮ 

ؽӹҶԭӹĲ޴룬֪졣 

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û𣿸Ͻȥտˮ 

㱻е֮ɫһæſ죬Ҫ˳ȥ 

ʺƶ㣬濴԰κ˽ 



4 



˺纮һô³ΪҶԭҳĸ¡ 

ȫɱðӴק𣬰ǵԼʹ͵ĸǰ¶š 

ʺƿԭȳƵ˻Σԭµĵ˺Ҳ䶯͵ĶƤԵø֪ΪΣͻȻŭʢ 

Ҷԭһ˫üúϧضԴ֮ˡ 

챾ʹõ£ɢ˼һܣȫʹʹҲоġȣȴԸԼϾʧӡ 

š쿴Ӳı飬 

롢ȥҪﰡ 

ʺûĻץס˫ְڴϡ 

ʹʶ߬סԼĲоƺȥ֮ǰϣܾסԼԼǱܡ 



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ʹ֮и޷㣬ֻģ˵ 

áѩѩǰ 

ʹ˶ãѩѾһʱ 

ʶþվǰĿʹѣȴ޷ȥ 

ӡ翪ʼˣӿЯ˫δ޳ڴǰʼǿҵʹȾһʵ⼸գһֱоأġϸؾЩ׹ʹϢҲ˲ȥҶԭǿȥμ硣˭֪ȻȲˡ 

ʲ᣿ҶԭԴһ 

ʱ翪ʼڣ˵ҲнʱˡǵãһֱϣڶֵһΪλơ⼸ʱʹ᰾ģ 

Ҳһüͷڴߵϣ졣 



ʹϼӾ磬һһˮĻ̥ҲѨڡ 

ԽػоԼҰޣֻ֪ҶԭĺͣʶĽȴ֪ԣǱϿԵӡ 

ûдʱ˿̣쵫ԸԼʹȥ 

šƲסɾС弸Ҫ˺һʹֱһַ˵ĥĺˮӿ˫ҲҧѪ졣 

ĽģʺͻȻվﲻ 

߸ϵҲѲеĻҺͽšοһŮˣԼ£һο˽⣬Ҫеģʮ֮˾ԼĹ⡣ 

µıʺƣȻҲеЩĻš 



ҹ٣粻֪ʱѾȵóǽɢȥѩХ£ӭ˴һû˻ƫƧžıԺ԰ããһƬ϶š 

֪˶ãһӤ΢ѵĽ 

Ȼصڴϣոմˮ̳һˮ졣 

ҶԭӤˮϴüĽס 

ƳһӤȻ׼ӤǿʺѪ÷̥ǣǲɵɫһ䡣 



5 



ϻƣȥʺ 

Ǹ̥ǣֻбüҵĳӲŻ̳С˵Ӥĳ֤ݣһе 

û뵽ʺƵĳӣͳһΪµġ 

ʺƵѲ⡣ 



Ȼ˺һʹǺӵʱɢһʹࡣ 

ҶԭӤ˹ŵߡ 

ǿӣӤһۣ֫ȫûʲ⣬һ㣬̵شϣ뾫ƣĻ˯С 

΢΢һۡ 

ͰͿ޵ͨСϡë͹͹Ķͷϸϸ۷졭 

ó 

ǱʺһӦȴ֪иճӤġ 

Ƴһ˯ȥ죬ʺվҶԭ 

չҪκ˽ 

˵ת뿪 

ſڿ㡣 

Ҳϣеĸ֪𣡡 

ǣĳʲᶼ֪ʲᶼûġޱ顢޲ӣס 

˲ӣ±ͷǱѰοŵıŴ󽫡Ȼ֪˭ģ֮񱱻쳣ͬǱѹµǸǱΪûܡ¼ࡣ 

û뵽һºͶغӽȻǡ 

̾ϢȥԼҲһԻضȥˡ 



һֱ˯ڶתѡ 

ӤһʱºͿ 

Ӥ 

ΣŻȻ𣺰ҵĺӡ 

Ҷԭˣߵ 

ӽˡʱҲˣ׼Щʳõɡ 

˾鷳ˡ 

˵ӣȻʹ 

ҶԭãתҪȥȡʳ 

ȵȣæסڿޡ 

ҶԭЩΡǾҽӤȴȫ޾飬ͷһ⡣ղź˰죬ǺҲҲ޿κΡ 

ʱѺӱ˹컳һţ 

鷳ȥȥ˵ȥ 

챧ӣЩ޴롣 

ȻԼµģǸˣᶮЩ庢ӵ¡ 

챿ֱŵĸһӻǿֲֹСǵͨ졣һۣĻǺʲ°ɣ 

˵⺢ĹŹ֣ԼжȻỳӣʵǲ˼֮ˣ⺢ӻʲɣ 

뵽˴ʱðһ亹ŵرӡ 



6 



Ҷԭʳͼһŵؽӣһæ 

⺢ˣΪʲһֱڿޣǲǲˣﲻ 

ӽšҸղʹˣ⺢ӿǶˡŷҪһС࣬ι˾ͺˡ̣ùһСࡣԼղڳľ飬ɰԼ޴Ȼû뵽ճһյӤΪӶ˲֡ 

ҲȻ뵽һŮ˺ӶҪι̵ģһ 



˱ֱŵظιС࣬İȥ 

쿴･˯ȥӤʱһȰĸ顣 

СС۾С֣΢ŵСڻ᲻ʱشһСãʵڿɰ֮޷ 

÷ºӣֻһֻּ򵥵Щʳ 

ҶԭԺı飬¶ݡ 

ŰǰΪ岻εУϣΡԼΪһʹԼҽţҶԭǾȷᣬŽʵ档 

ʱޱȣ㵵ؿԼ૵ܡܡ 

ʵ֤ǧȷɶ˲š 

Ҷԭ֪ܾǰһֻĦҮǸŮ˱ΪࡣսңԼٶǰһЩһ𽥽ˡ 

ѵӽĦҮѪͳĦҮˣ 

ԼƲ˵սеĹ¶ĸ˭֪֪Լ⡣ 

ѲҪҪĻǿܰѺ˳ 

ҶԭҪ˶ 

ڵʱһħ̵Ĵսոսʲ£ȥ˱߾쵽ѵ徲һסƫƧ԰˽ֿΣҶԭİ£һֱû˵֪ 

ʵӣ֮ղ⼸աֻҶԭһֱæǰ飬ˡֱ͵͵ҵԼһƵıͰ͵˵ӽ˵Ǹˡȥ 

ǸʺҲĲͣҶԭѾȻˣæϵ԰Լ 

ʵһֱҶԭܺӵġ˵ںӵһ˭ֻҶԭһҽߣ˽£Ҳһ鲻Ȼк棬Ҳûʹ 

ڿԺе֮飬Ҷԭ춽ס 

ӽҲĳʣֻѾƽӤûúӵĸסš˵һλף֪±ȽϺá 

͵ȫһɫЩ԰ס 

ӽԲס½ǳˡҶԭ״æǸ 

ĳĴ£ĳʵΪǳ֮˵΢΢Цֻ£ĳʵڲ˵¡ 

ҶԭˣҲΪԼðе 

±Ѿ֪֪ӽͣҶԭʺȥʱ飬ֹĵʵ 

ֱһӤۡһ 

ææҵغ˰죬Ӳȥ 

еЩƣҶԭѺӱһߣϢʱղŵ类ˡ 

Ҷԭʳ;߳ȥ쿴ߵĺӣ»ᡣ 

֪֪θ롣飬ݵ𣿵˵ǣӵ׹Ⱑ 

»ֲ̿˰ΣٶȻ˯ȥ˭֪ʱȴѼӵӰˡ 



7 



о˴߱˺ӣȻѡ 

˭ºӣ 

򴲱ҪתȥѸٵʩһ֡ 

˭֪һ֣׵ػʽ 

ڰпķһ£ѩǱʺơ 

쾪С 

ʺһתҪߡ 

첻Ҷ֣˲ñģ´ڵأ 

ҪѺӴȥ 

ӲҪߡ 

ߣ쾪Ҫȥ 

ܣ 

ѺӴߣҡ 

У 

֪⺢ǡ 

סڣʺƱһɫࡣ 

ӲҲߣӱǲӦôڵģ 

һҪⶼҵĴҪͷҰɣŹӣ 

ڿֲݣӤ顣 

ʺһδ⣬Ϊȥ˾ͻ᲻ۼԼҲԵʲᶼû˭֪˾Ȼ˶УյĽ 

±˵֪ԼһȻһ˽飬һӣֱһЦⲻܴ裬Ҳʹüߡ 

У죬㲻ҪҡҲܰʺ˵ 

Ҫ ֮ͣÿͷֻܰѺԼ 

²ñ֪µġ»̰Ѻߣǰûл֪⺢ӵĸ˭¾κ˵ģŹҡ 

û˻֪ 

ʺЦ 

ϵ÷̥Ǿõ֤ʱԽӳֻбüҳӲŻ̳еͻὥ֣ʱ˵Ҷ֪˭ġ 

ԾܰѺߡ 



߿Ӳĳ˦죬ñӼ뿪 

У 

鼱֮£֪Уһ磬ʩչȥӡ 

󵨣㾹ҶҶ֣ʺƴŭƽ޵ľǱΥжĹƣһƻϡ 

᲻ãʺһֻ컹ؿһϡ 

ǿסȻغӵͷٴιϡ 

Ǳ˵δʱҲδǱõĶ֣οڡ 

ںڰУĻ±õѨӻشϡ 

죬·ϣƽϣֻӵôӴǣԶᣡ˵꣬ñ޲ֹӤȥ 

 

ѨصڴϣڲԵؿĺ뿪ּʹղܵһؿڵ͵شϣһ𣬡ۡһһѪǰһڣ˹ȥ 



ٶȻѾǵڶϣҶԭһɫڴ߿ 

ӽˣҶԭ书ҹֱһݾ͵˯ѨԷʲ֪ʲ£᲻ˣ 

ȻȴͻȻһƬѣ 

ӽҶԭæסˣδҪúϢ 

УҪȥһغӡ 

ûҶԭĻ£ɫ԰׵ƿҶԭ֣ĵվҲδȥ 



8 



磬䣬ϦҹǳѩδڣһƬɫĶѩ硣 

ÿʱ򣬴ҸûؼҵĻؼңðİ꣬ʣЩֵĶڸξĻԺԺԵ塣 

ʱڱ÷Ժһ˹ڱѩС 

ɪɪУֻһɫ£ڷҵڼϣɫ԰ף㲣оǱǱȴͦñֱ纮÷ǣۡ 

ʺһþϲ˶ӡԲסƫƧıԺҲԺٵö࣬õĴЩص˶ 

żȻ۴ǰȴһۡΪ˭Ҳ 

һº͵ӽͻȻɫҰ׵شԺ׼Яδ̳㣬һﲻͨһǰ¡˶һ 

ɫҲ࣬ضΣ͹κ˲ҪЯɻе뿪 



һ̹ǵĺι䣬ѩʶ·ص˹ȥ 

һ꣬ҲһĶ죬ؤҹȥһСؤߡ 

ʱû֡Ϊؤԣʶ˶Զͦãýֺüǡ˵ҲǱؤҷظӤʲֻһ 

ΨһһƲϯؤˡ 

Скʬ壬ڴһϴֵҷظȥͻȻļҼһʼűڣӭµһ굽һ˼ҴԺţµĺӸһıĳһһ׶Ĵͷ˳˹һŽ߷ڵءƳ˴Ӳϯ¶ʬһۣһǼţǼӴҴһȥˡǰһʹкȼһӹ߶ܲը 

˫ۣȴް취 

ò׺߽ؤʬϵҷظڣѶһӣؤŽȥ˼ʯͷǰݲˡ 

ΪΪ߱꣬Ǵըºôһ̡ 

һżȻĻᣬǱ߾һȺѾƽЩ۵ĹʱѧЩԵĵ书ؤǰǸѧʵˣ̹ʶ֡ʻӱڷܣѧʲᶼȱ˿Щܿܵʶ 

ʮ꣬ͽܣ졣Ӵˣʽ 

ѾԭǼĴ󽫾Ȩգֹ߸һЩоĵ˱Ҫ췴ӹȻΪ档ʱӵŵݵϢʱ˳ȥǻʵȴȫҶɱ˸ɾ벻ҲУԼһڼ߾췴Ʒš 

ⳡ̴˶꣬Ȼ˥΢սǷϣҲԹص׻˵ĺãձĲӵױȲϹҵľӣرΪٸƶǿԭɱʵۣǻʵȴĴʮλֱ֮ 

һСȫ˻Ȫ·һıֻɱ˻ֻԼһĺùͶ̵ľ鲻ʹʧǧѡͽܣһڡ 

ʮһ꣬һսѪӰɱУԵͬ鱻һԴôľֵ˫У˶ĲǴ𡣵ʱ̵ĸܵսĲпᣬսֻǿĵڷܵù 

ʮһ꣬ؽǰ죬ҪģһҪɱ˻ΪԼѩޡԼˣҲҪɱλߡ 

ʱѶ˵ա֪ضġ 

ǰ˵ 

һΪұ˴𣬾ʹЩֵȥѰһȥɡ 

֮Уʲᰲ֮ 

ᣬ̳־һȺֵΪѰٸ֮ȻͺᣬСĥ࣬أܣ˸оʵ䡣 

˹꣬ܵŵĴǰ 

ڳ֮ʱɱʱɫѰ﹬һƬѪƬѪУһǸˡ 



9 



ҲһĶ죬ҹʱƳǵġ 

Ͳ·ɢѰһʵ۵ӰһƬңǲϵµʬͱĹˡûʱǣΪһҵʹѣǶⳡѵߡ 

ץһһƷ̫࣬Ǹ̫ΡΡ˵ʵѾˡ 

һƥ׷˳ȥһ·׷ʹɽ 

ɽϵʵʿʬ壬Щڸ֣Ѫд棬ȥá 

¾ɡ 

Ȼᣬתɽɽһ࣬¹УΪԼһȻ¡ 



Ǹһ£纮÷߸վһƬѪСӳǬ£¹⻪ǴɢһʤѩȻɡ 



ߣĵصʬ壬ʮڸڡ 

ʵۻ겻̱ǰɫҰףɪɪԽĵ߹󣬲һ 



ϲǿߣǿߡ֮Уֻǿ߲ȥֻǿ߲ΪߴһƬµأ 

һ̣κԣûκɣΪǰ۷ 



߽Ǹꡣ쿴ϱһöɫָצĿһɫ¹ҫ˵Ĺâ 

ʲˣ 

俪ڣ÷Ϣڳ¹иһ˿Ļ㱡 

졣 

˾죡ӵؿ֧Ѿожȣս׿һ֧ʵľӡֻǵϵᡣ 

ɱ𣡡ýָǸӹĻʵۣ˵òʾ䣬ǿ϶䡣 

ǣתͷǸ־ԡӿĭܵˡ 

ø㣡Ʋмһˡ 

첢ܵ裬ֻǸ˵˵Ȼ 

ߵǸǰ𽣣ֻһӣѪ籡Դڵء 

ǰʬףͻȻЩãȻ 

ʦһֱҪɱˣȴסڻӽʦԼ𣿳ʧ 

֪ҲסֻԼʦԸӦʲ᣿ 

ͻȻعͷȥעꡣо»ĹԼľδйĽ֮䡣 



עԼȻջһ˿ѪĺۼҲ 

ҪҪߣͻȻ̧˫ֱۣ 

ãҲû룬һӦʱвԼΪδףƺһֱȵľ仰һ˱ڡ 

첻òϣʱԼΪԼֱӡ̹׵ľ 

ҩʺƷģֻΪֻΪҾңңܾʹĥڵٲ߹Įȴˣ߰ȴ룬¹ӳһƬѣ˵Ĺԣ 

 

ɢ˼Ҿ 

óоٻĲƸƽÿһˡ 

ЩԸ뿪ģԼĲƸϣ֮пʼһµ 

ЩԸ뿪ģȻִߣϣԺͬˣ裡 

ѡǰߡ 

Լһ 



콭߷֡ʮ꣬ͬ㣬ȴΪ׷һδԷֵˡ 

סһֱʮδΪϲ 

ûлش 

ǵģϲ 

Сؤùˡ˾ǽٸƶʵͨʲ᲻ͬڵ⽣ɱˣǱɱްԣҲûʲ 

ڣָ߸ϵ¡ĸԸ˶׷󣬷һִֻϣ׷ǸᣬΪ㾡С 



10 



ڽȻط֡ 

ϵǵ̺УԵԽӳªȴ϶ˡ 

վڽߣĿ˵ĿʹԶ·ֻСԼͯⷰ飬ҲԼǰ׷ 

ףͻȻ˴˵ĲĿվڴ߳ϵ󺰣 

һڽϻ첻ȥˣǧǵҰ 

Цӻ֣ȴͻȻһƬʪ 

ʣֻңԶİϣػ֣飬Ц 



ڼǸϵʱ֪˭ˡ 

ԷΪ߱־ģֻŵĴɫǶɫϹɫɫģǱʺƣ 

ԸȻ׷ǧɲ˱š 

Ϊ˴˵Ĺء 

ŵˣɲһֶͨ桢֧Լ٣Ҫϸѡκѵʽš 

첻δţǧɲһţ㱻÷Ϊ佫ԭȵĲҲɢȻ 

ʱ첢֪Щķ粨ִᣬҲΪʺƾΪԼضԾ£Ҳһ˿ϲ 

ᣬڱʺ߰꣬ڽϡսϡڸĪ˲ϢĳϣĬĬվڱᣬȴᶨһӡ 

һԼĽŲߵ죬סȨԼһƬء 

ӲԴΪһԼĹ֪ͣЩǱԼǻۺʵģԼ 



ӵһμ֪ԼԱûģֻһӦеĽ֮飬һݲӦôڵġִС׷汱õļָ鲻ûסԽ 

Ȼĥȴûڹ 

Եʺ˹˵ҩᣬΣۿҩ֮ࡣ 



һ죬Χ˹˫֣Ⱥˡʱֻ׷˹ܹС 

һʱе壬üʱ˦ӣ˳Լȴ˱͵Ϯ˰㡣 

ñٶ֣εİ㲻ǶһҵҩȻ󡱡ҩ춣д˶˱̷й򲻽ɥʧ˵Ṧʧ 

ŨܲɭյĹ֣˵ŮˣӰУֵȥŮ˷й 

ˣ֪Ӳһأ˴ҩǰЦŪǵ 

ҩ˷йһ;޽ҩ벻ᣬ᲻ҪΪˣ˵ǿϧϧ 

ŭؽһ졣 

ϥڵϣ˹ǿѹ 



Ƭ֮ᣬ쿴úƵӣǼʵ 

ۣԭڰ׷ȻѲѪ˿ 

ҡҡͷ޷˵ֻʾҪΪһİ´УҧѪȻĺķ޴¡ 

𽥸оԼҪѵʶʮˣظǰҪȫˣֻƴ˹ŬԼᶷҵҩ 



޴ⲽó͵úʹࡣۼεѪӱԭĴ£Ⱦѩ׵½󣬳֮ȴҲĿġ 

߽°£ǲӦĥģ 

¶ҪαõѨ뿪طΣܱؿܿҪõĶࡣ 

ǽһУȴȫϣ㵵ֻʣһƬհס 



ո߽ʺƾٿۡѪ۾ˣҰްֱǰˡ컹ûüʶԣ䲻һѳһֽסһѾֱ˺ 

ȫͻĴֱٶŵ㵵ſڣ˭ֻ֪֣˫㱻úݺݵظϡ֮һҧɡ˱ 

˫ۣýߵĿգͷһƬѣ˫ֱϴ̾ҧ˿˿Ѫ֪ԼĻǱʺƴϵģ̵Ѫζʱڡ 



11 



⧲͵رֱѹڵϣĵ漤һ顣 

ʺѾҩȫԻ־ȫеؽҪй̵Ĵ򦣬ľ֮°߰ҧۣ˫ָǴ³زͣ˺ϵĲ 



šѾ֪Ҫʲᣬɴʧɫ 

ΪűŴ󽫾ǱãºͣʮδκŮ¡ڼʱᣬѪգҲѪ벿һѰֹ 

ֻԴʺᣬҲδŮˡΪ˱ʺƣҲݲκ˵Ӱӡ 

Ⲣ˵Ըⱻ˱ȥˡΪİǵġоһָ߸ϵ£ӨģǸ߲ʵġδԱйκ򲻽뷨 

ڣȴôֱѹڵϡ 



ת۹ȫ¶⡣ʺһͷѾǰĺӧǲǣҧ 

쵹һֵǣʹУȻһĿС 

첻ܷáԱñĵֿʧˡ 

Ȼδ˷ֹϵ֪ᷢʲᡣñҩԻ־ӣҧҧĳеһСⶼʧɵģвжΡοҩĥԼҪֻҪʹѣԸ 

¶ģ쾡Լ 



ȫſǿ򶨵ı飬˫ͻȻһᣬ΢Լǰѹͷ࣬ϥǴֱؽ˫޳˫ȵſһͦȻƴûоκεĻ嶯ֱӶҵײǴ׼խѨ 

Ȼ׼˺ѰľʹͻȻ⧲һʹ˫ԼȻŴһѨڣһεײᣬӲǾ޴ޡ 

 

Ϸ亹ʮָץֲڵĲݵأϣܽΪڵʹҸйĳڡȻʹԴȴڲͣǿ 

Ѫӱѵ˿ڴӿĴȸ£Ⱦ˿ݻƵĲݵء 

õĽԽԽҡһ鲻ϵ롢롭 



ʱ첻òҧԼ´ѿľʹѨڵĴ򿪣Ѫ󣬲֪춳ˣǽѾõԵʣ쾹ȻֱִĽиоһ˿СŤһ壬ȴ˱ø˷ܵľ޴͸ҵĳ塣 

 

ڲ֪ڼʮεĳ鶯УͻȻƲסһ 

еıøʲҲʲҲȴԼһ˫ֻѹ࣬һסԼ졣 

Լȴţ̬ڱһ˹ᴩȻ֪ᷢ߳ܵд󾪡 

ͱһֵĳ 



֪˶೤ʱ䣬֪к˶ٴΡ 

ɫ£ƻʱϵı춴ӷҩѹ 

˫ʱԵĿսǰһʱɻ󣬲֪ںδ 

̧壬𾪵ط֣ԼķȻȻڡ 

õƶҲʶضһ塣ʱõķ 

ʺѵæ˳ 

׼ͻȻĦ˵ڱڣһʹ졣 

Ѩһ顣ǵҺѪӿζ˲ɢܵĿ 

쿴ѵõľ޴ıһϣҲɵһֻʡ 

ε 

ʺƺָܿ侲վҴԼ 

콩ֱ壬Ҳشӵվ˫쳣һ͵شһ΢ȡ̧ͷε 

˶ĬĬԣ˭Ҳ֪˵ʲᡣ 

ͻȻߵԶ˵ʬԣǵʬһ顣 



12 



쿴ЩľٶȻ˵ʲζ 

ڵʱз粢ʢУ֮Ǳ쳣ģмġû˻ϲȥӵһˣοǸ˻Լ 

֪ĸ߰ԽʵǡȻ󡱵ҩµһȫ˵־ȻԱõ飬ܺεĥЭġ 

˫ȺɼĴʹл飬ʲżʹļ顣첻òϣȻһֱĽϣϲӵЩֵķ֣ԭԼεУҲ̬ġΥ׳ 



ʺƷйŭ𣬻ͷǱĬĬվԭءЩΡ 

ʱʵڲ֪һҳϵġĬ 

طϡԸġ쿴һĮıڸǵΣĬ 

תͷȥûпֻǵ˵˾䣺 

߰ɣ 

˵תʩչṦӳ֡ 

ظᡣ˫ȼزҧһԶĵطδһ 



صξܶᣬʺûпر죬֮ĹϵԶܶ࣬ض±ܶᡣ 

ᣬűֶ淢ҡֶ׷Զңͼ۶Ȩñʺƴŭ 

ʺ壬λӸλλǰ̳֮һ⹫̣ǾԳȥѹҼѵ 

ʺһûдһȥʱֻǶһ䣺 

غܶ棬Ӧ䣡 

ˡ 



ᣬٰ񡣱һһֱЩʱǼ¾ʱĴȻᵭˡ 

ʺΪõİ취ʹЩΣܲܽһʲΰɣҲϣˡ˱ܱܣʱ嵭һУ֮紺һ㣬ô½ɢ 

㲻㣬ʺӢ䣬ţҲ뵽⣬ȻΪһ⣬л¶̥ᣡ 



ûãΪ岻ʣ赹УϣȴԴΪ֪Լһ𾪵顣 

ʱ֪ԼĸоȻһ̥ʵѵջ̻̲š 

ʱãһᣬ鷿칫뵡֮Ȼſ̴ľ˯˹ȥиоͻȻһٿȻѡԥƬַ̣Сϡһһ֮ղ΢ǿȻǸֽ̥ᶯ 

ʱеظܵȷʵһʵȻһʱ˼Ȼ鸴ӡ 



ûìܹƽȴòҪ̫䲻֪֪ӵĴڻηӦԱõ˽⣬´׷زᱻܡ 

ʱìܵĵȴйȥʺؽʱӱδޡ 



ᷢһУþһجΰ粻塣 

֪δ޵һǣʹļֱ޷ 

Ȼ֪һ죬Ȼ׼ʱһŬԵ 

ⳡجУΨһʵģǸԼСԼʹΨһůģССԼ˯ĸо 



ǵأٴϮĴѩУһֻڶ˵񣬴ڵأ衣 

һĻĻԺӹᶨǸССӤԼ˯ϡ 

һʹͷ顣 

ɪɪ磬ѩƮ 

Ҷԭ÷ԺҵʱӾˡ 



13 



ʺƻʱѾʱ㣬ҪȥݷóݡöִŰûȤ̲ǿԼһȥˡ 

ʺīѩƬƬѩǸ÷Ժйˣѽ⡣ 

Σӵ¾ܸġ֮Լã޿ˡھȻҪغӣܣ 



ʺûֱӻصԺǣΪϵѩ 

һӰϢƮᣬ 

Ѿˣ 

ʺͷû˵ûлͷֻǼë 

ʱһ٣ǸӰ˲뿪ӰӶû¡һֻƬ֮䡣 

ղŵ龰˿ΪԼۻ˹Ӱ 



صʺƿܿǰԺǵԺ˻ȥ 

֪϶ǰԺ뿴ķ 

ǵģķ 

ʺȻ侲糣ȴķҡʮûйġ 

뿪ܶ꣬ÿ⵭һСԽǣȴƫƫԽǼǵȻʱ־壬ڵĹᴩĿУȴĽ¡ȶȣŮ˵ȫͬ׸ĺԹŮȻԡȫޡ 

ʺϲŮˣŮɫҲŮֻǴڽӴĹߡʹδҲˡֻݸ߹ۣ޶ѡ 



صܶᣬϣʺ緢ԣûע⵽졣̾طʱϣλֵٺȼ·԰ʱȴͻȻһŵĻת岻ʣǰˡ 

һܺãͻȻʣ 

ʺ˼Ƭ̣ǹ죬԰˭֪߽ңڴ˫ȴţҶԭ˰ס 

˭˵ʱĳ棬뵽ĵطȥȻҲ⡣ֻûü߳ܵ£ͱҶԭһ𾪣 

ʺԲʫ飬㣬ҰǡͷԴĿȻٲӣֻƬ̣б㸡ֳĦҮļ¡ 

һҹĲһӤʺƿһǸǰ̥ǣһС 

²˼֮ʵ벻ʺƻȥϸһ죬ڶҹԴ˺ӡ 

ǰԺΪαʺȻΪպӵԼֹȻ飬ʺƾʱȥ 



 

δͨϣҶԭѾ˽ 

ʲ£ӻ֣ȥڸľ̴ԣյ 

ҶԭŵҽϹҶᰵİܡڶķϣҲøӡ 

ҶԭǼ٣˲ݱ㴳˽ȴյغȲ裬иǽ 

ĳð룬 

򲻱ضʲ¾ֱ˵ɣ 

֪ӽʲ£ΪηԺǰ 

ʺ 

ûзԼҪ 

Ҷԭһ 

ǲţԼȥʺƼɻһõص 

ӽѾ־壬ĳĻˣҶԭͷ󺹣ֱԭضš 

ղòҵ죬ȴɫ࣬Ӳ־ľĺѯȻû˿ӦǿҪȴһƿǹִعƺûϳǰ˭ 

Ҷԭ֪Ѿ־룬˼ɢңֻеһǿ 

ʲᣡʺһ²յվȥ 

ֻԶͷϼǻѩīһͷɢڰӳһʻӺڰɫѩϡ 

֮ĳԡӽΪһǫֶͣŹ࡭ӽʲ£׷ķϣȥȰȰ֪ģ᲻ãִѩйȥ֮ǰҶԭҽ֮ģԾΪȰ 

ñû뵽ʲӰ죬Ҷԭһ˵Ȼףæת⡣ 



Ʈǰһ˫ɫƤѥ콩Ӳ̧ͷ 

ʺƿӣȻޱ飬ȴһʶһ쿴 

ʱֻǸῡ佫һ˫ݼƵġ¹۾˫¶һֹ¼ŵġĽġȻĿ⡣һֻҪСڰİ 

Լ֪ģҪҪߣ仰׵ѿڶˡ 

˫¶Ȼ֮ɫʤֻǵĨϣĹâѱһ˿ľȡ 

죬 

컺ҡҡͷо΢һĻѣ 

šƲذʺơ 

Уʺδ˵ٴξֻܾиһ֮ɫʺ¿ 

ѾˣҲġֻҲܼ 

˫ĿʱÿնͻȻһսֱֱǰȥ 



14 



ʱĿİĴɫȻҶԭһ 

ԼԴģ΢΢Ųһ壬ȴеȫʹ 

ҶԭæԶ 

ӽڶָ̫࣬ճˣ⶯ҪúϢ 

ĻһʱЩͿ 

ˣ 

Ҷԭ֪ӻδȫѣ 

Ѿ죬Ǳҡ 

ԭձʺƼԣ㽫ݡȫˣգ徹ȻѪƶñøҶԭ￴ˣԼȥ˱ݾס 

Ҷԭһ˵˷£һʹ 

ӽһֱδʳЩ࣬һɡ˵ 

ûʲʳǿҶԭػɫǿһЩ 

鷳࣬ʵڱǸҶԭǸ 

ӽ⻰˵ġҽ߸鷳֮˵ĳҲûʲᡣҶԭӣҲʹӲһգӱ㲻ˣǱˡ 

ӽĳΪҽߣЩڵøδ죬ûкúõڴѩйʱʲŮӣЩˣ²ȬˡҪ׼ 

ʲģ⡢ġ壬ǿģǻεģǲӦôڵģԼԼˡʣͲǸСҲͲΪʧȥʹ 



ڱʺƵķ˰£ϵĲƺͶ˲ڼ䣬Σɶ˯ʱ 

һ磬ٴңոպȹҩǡġ 

Ҷԭҩˣ¶ˡ 

Ӻõ᣿ڴʵ 

ģѾöˡ쿴ʺƣ֪ԣ 

һֱľǲס뾡԰ġ 

ʺưڰ֣ϲûã԰̫ƫƧˣûʲͣסɣٻȥ 

Ӧһû˵ദδйΣҲδйĶԻμ䣬һЩ룬ȴƺˡ 

ĬһͻȻɫʵ 

죬ޱ𣿡 

ϣסˡԴ˷˹ǼᣬҲһֱδڻ֡ 

ޣ 

û 

Цһأ´û 

õЩ⡣ 

ҰѺӴߣĲ𣿡 

ӣһɫЩˣĬȻûг 

ȻԹҵġҪ֪ҲǸӲģҲҵĹ⡣ֻĳǱѰԴҶкôҲ뽫Ǹӳᣬ֪Լ֮Ǹ˰ɡ룿ʱԴ÷ݣȰ 

ʵҲˣʱΪʹġ 

ǡҲǸӵĸףȨδȻҲΪĽġ 

ü⣬΢΢һЦ 

죬Ҳңӵд㣬ֻҵ׾ͺá֣񰮵Ĵ󽫣Ὣӵǣúøңұزģ 

˵վ 

úϢ㡣 

ȴסһͬ⡭ 

ʲ£ûعͷ 

¡ԥһ£Ȼ̧ͷ뿪ܶ棬ȥ֧פء 

ʺɫһض 

챻̵÷䣬ȴڴϣ׼ 

ʺضһͻȻЦ 

죬˵㲻ңʲ᣿ 

ȷʵţֻ˵²书ǰֻҲģȥ֧ķֶ棬Щطϵ飬ҲΪǡ 

Ѿ˺þáȻţ;˳ȥͳԽ֣֮ƶ֮ȼ֮ʤĳ͢ơھȨ棬ͳ֮νһƶȽȫʵǿʢ֮Ȼ뿪Ҫߣȴʵڲ֪Ӧԣܿĺá 

뿪 

ǣæͣ¶ҳ֮ģ¿ɼ뿪ͷ 

ͻȻڽᣬȴްů⣺ 

ã죬뿪ġ书ǰȻǸѵõ˲ţȥСطû˲Żء˵岻ˣ뿪أ͹ԹڱߣԻúò㣡ʺ΢ЦЦȴδ۵ס 

죬úϢҪٶ롣Щĵǣ㻹ǱεĴ󽫣˵գȥ 

Ȼڴϣ֪ǲߵˡԼ㲻ֻȥˡ 

ҹ¶ǸԣһӵǱʺƵˣˣҲǱʺƵڤȷɡ 



15 



÷Ժס˼죬һָ´ߵҪ԰ 

ü϶˺֢ѺõĲˣû˵ʲᡣ 

ص԰Ϊ˶ʮӱض䣬˭֪ȴʰļΪɾůʲҲˣůڵġ 

һͷ̣Ǹۻ½ǰʱһӣȥϡǸʱϲ㣬Ҳ֪ʲʱˣһֱԼһסȴ԰ʰļΪ׵Щ졣 

˼һһŮͣǰ¡ 

СǱǲźӽġ 

̾˿ˣǸеûмǸŮͣԼȴϵõģǱ÷ĴѾ˵ԼҲм֮ɡ 

ɡ 

ǸѾϲ÷֪Ǹͣ 

ʲ֣ģ 

С࣬ԭ÷Ժ︺ǵġʱٻ磬ֲ㣬Сľͱ÷ԺӡµĴµĿСĸɵĺãƼСĽݡСĺϲ÷ӽһˡ 

ͷǾ°ɡ 

ʲҪԸ𣿡ǻ飬ڿʵ 

һʱҲ벻ʲ£ȥˡ 

߻شߣϵĶ˻δȫãطĥʹڴ£أֻ絶ʡԼŴǸӣֻһΣֶûüȡʹԼʧˡ 

ૡ 



ᣬҶԭΣҩϲ÷඼ǻˣҲΪʡġ 

֪꣬תۼ͵ˣξܶ洺ⰻȻ԰ĻȲԼİ٣嵭ש֮ɫʡ 

ϵĶǽˣҶԭҽϤҽΣδ°̺ۡʵµںһˣиʲᣬοȫ£Ѱ̺ۡҶԭĶ࣬˻ҩмģݶҪġ 

ֻĵطЩٲȬˡ֮ĹϵڸǣҲ統һˡ 



ӽ 

عͷǻ㡣 

꣬ؼҵλֵܶ½½ػˣܶҲæµ 

ÿһεл飬ŵĸ߽ǶҪμӡΪ˲˶·ݵ£»ϣ˶ʺ 

ղڻϼ죬ЩΡһ㣬ǰ΢Цкɢˣһʱ嶯ס 

þòЦ 

ԥһ£֪˵ʲã룬ʲ˽£ 

ӽĳףղϹĲսˣ뱱޹أӽΪӧ 

쵭һЦ 

Ȼˣ뱱޹ءĳǰڼ꣬ĵϤˣս£ĳӦ 

ǣ»ûͬɣ 

һ 

ʺæ׼£δμ»ᡣ 

Ǹ뱱ó׵Ụ̊뿪÷Ժʱһ档ʱװţˋȻҪ԰еΣǷҪչˡ̸õ󷽣һɴҹķ緶Ȼֻò˫ȫŮӣȻ 

عѹ££һġܾ 

ʵǸˡӦٲ¡ο漰ӽأҲǲԸġ˵ʲᣬһ 

ѽСᶼˣ 

ƤЩӲһعͷȥ 

 

ֻһķ磬ζ˱Ƕ 

֣ص˸磬μᣬ᲻Ӱ 

ѾˡЩҧгݵص»Ҫ磬鷳ֱӴϧӹͺã·ѰǾͿ϶ϵü 

ѽС֪ǴѰǰ¥ʡ 

ѰͰ¥ǳ¥ݣ󵱼ĳ͡ 

ϵζֻѰĻеġУҺҲֵġȻǵһǰСǻǲǰƺ 

Ȼصͷ䣬 

㣬ѰҪǵԡȥ¥ 

ҪתͷЦ 

ⲻǱŵӽ˵ǰЩӲˣӺõ𣿡 

ͻ㶼Щ죬һ򡮹˶æĶȻ֪˵Ϣ 

лģֻԸ˺ˣѾûˡ 

ǾͺáЦЦ۾һ˿âӽǱĴ󽫣Ҫúñ壬ȻÿɾͲʡˡ 

ǡ 

첻⣬ֻõ͵Ӧһ 



16 



뿪غͻ㣬ȥð˹¡ùţ콫ӧսݵ˼ãȥУʿһоǰһֱŻص԰ 

ԡϣϲ÷׼ţù֮ᣬڷ￴ģ϶ָĻ˼ɻŻΪˣز˵ҶغҲָǼ¡ѵֻǵĿ׻һŲʣ˼ΣҲýֻۣԼˡ 

յʪ䣬΢£ֻһֽűҪϲ÷ٶһš顱һƿ 

̧ͷһʺ˪纮ǣվض 

Ծæվ 

ʺƿһ㡣ϵĶһˤ쾪֮оûסǶڵϣͷһԼݵ˼õս顣 

죬ôĵӣȻûоսﻹûб 

²ҡæҪӡ 

񣡡ǰһǰ 

̧ӣһŨϵѾζ˱Ƕһϸɫ죬Щˡ 

 

죬뿪ʺɫơ 

´ûҪ뿪æ 

뿪ʺƱһ䣬ضҪӱʲ᣿ 

Իһ𡣱ÿ飬֤ʵеļֲ²⣬ǰƽһ 

ӱܱΪʲ᣿ 

ɫ԰ףЩҡ 

£ûӱ 

ѣʺЦһͻȻᣬͱйһ¶ˮԵǴ⣬ֲκˣ˵Ӧøлġﱾ˶ 

ɫøӲ԰ס 

ǣʺһת㲻ӦûǸӣΥסΥٳġʺƵɫһƽһˡ㾹ȻҹǱѪȥ㣬ǲǾʹһӣԶñ֪ǸӵĴڣ޳ָͻȻѾ׺㱡 

һֱΪֻŮ˲Żִ¡Ϊʲ飬ʲᰮ飡أ죬ޱȣΪʲ᣿ 

쿿ǽϣۼԼضܼ̳ǰؿڲϢ޷Ϣ 

Ϊʲ᣿Ѿ֪Լ£ΪˣΪҪ˺ 

Ļңһʱ˼ףֻһɵĿ־ĵӶϡ 

ˡ 

ʺƲ˵껰ס򦣬 

ѣҪʵƵᾢӿЩȻôʻһԡԳƣһԡҡԳơ 

͵ͻһȻ̾˿ȻѾ֪ˣֺαأ 

һǳһСʺиŭݺݾס½󣬾ӱ˵ϡ 

ҡĻȴûгڡ 

һ÷ˣֺѡ±£̲סͷ 

ҲԣҲöĴаñ˽ԲӣӦ÷ңصĲźá 

ʺƴŭҲЩΪøɾΪҪӧ죬һֱΪǴˣЩ鵱ϲϣҡ 

ɫǽһҰףϴŨζԼҲҪˡЦһɫȻõ飬ϵøɾˡ 



ôǸֻ֣ŭһӻ޴й綫صĻưһͰˮ콽£˸͸֮¾ùˣͻȻӿ˦¶Ǹӱʸס 

ʱɫȻУ¹Ӵӳ˽ӰУưǰʡתͷ¶룬¶ͭɫĲͰţϵĶ棬һоñݺݵض۹ȴ֪ʱ䵽ϣĿ⽥Щ룬ԭק½֣ҲΪḧ 

һһԾ֮࣬ʶҪķñŭʢͻȻĲ 

֣鼱֮£һ˹ȥ 

ʺƾзӦӦ֣ƫԴ 

찴ӴӣȴȻ̧ͷֻһơ 

㾹ȻҴңʺƹݸ߹󣬳󣬴Ҫ÷磬Ҫ꣬Сǽ˵ģ˵Ǳ˴ûһȴǿٵͷһˣǸֵ˻Լε佫߷֮鷴ʢʹղŶ˵ĻȻε˱Լζܲˡֱȥק졣 



17 



ղűùǺְ˺ݺһƣͷԻѣһΪѣֻɱһƣȻδʢŭ֮ʮ㣬С 

챻קסعֱʩչ֣˭֪һģ뱱ðסͬʱһһˤ¡ 

ʹһѹڵϡ 

ȻҴңôĵӣʺӲ˵¡ 

ʧѴʧһ緶֪ҾᾢѾ֪ʲӲ˼ƣʺƸǷŭ 

Ҷұָ飿ʲˣǶģ ʺԽ˵ԽޣµҲأһսѳ 

类˼Ѫ¸ǲһУֻجѳ 

ˣſң 

һ𣬸ŤһšǱ书˲صУǱþиû뵽˹һҲû뵽뵽Ҳ˹ʲģʱҲˡοֽ͹һСֶʹϣˤһ㣬ֻ֫ 

˲֪ܣϲѹҵ֪ԭһԽԽǷŭЦ 

ңҲԼɫɷףһֻȥȴס̧ȣһš 

㣿㻹֪·ϵļⷣʺ˫Ŀͨ죬˵ĻġҲһƣǵʱѪͻȻĽޣ˳ץס˫ְסֽ˫Ȱ£ѹס 

Ҫʲ᣿쾪塣֪ʺƾ֮䣬ԺٺȾƣǺȣҲǳáʱļƣɻ 

˵㣡ˣ˵𣿡ýѹסû뵽ѨһС쾪ŵҪʲᣬͻȻпһͷ³ذǿ¿㣬һָֻݺݴͱ˽ȥ 

裡 

찧һҧס´һϴαҩͬʱʺ־ȫȫ֪ԼʲᡣȻˣȴԵ֮⣬ߺ޽ӡ 

üɫԽ 

˽Ťһ𣬱˴˶ܸоԷȵºʹصĴϢոԡʱϳһ亹Ѫζζ̼˵ıϢ 

㲻ϲ𣿡˵ͱȥڶָ 

췴ԵؼнҧأܲѡʺƼģЦ 

ҲӲ㲻ǱǸӵ𣿡 

 

ӣɫһףӷ˫ѱסֱѹֻòϵŤ塣 

һ𣬱ʺǸˣǸȶ˾ƵˡһŤʺ̸оһŻ¸ȫѵҲоˣס塣 

ʺ˫ĿͨضΣƾӿͷ粻ˣΪһˣһ˼ֻйϵŭ𡣳ָ⿪һѴ˽ȥ 

ҽһ 

𣿺Щأ죬ỹó׽ȥоµòУʱԭʼ֧ס˾ʼɶ 

ʺԽԽˬָо첻ͷ˫ۣһͻȻЦͷĶߣϢȥ 

죬Ҹ㣬ЩŮ˵ζɶأ 

Ѿط˷ռʱ⻰һ뵽һ£ͲٻϺ𣿡 

ʺƸо˳ӷ꣬û˵ֻһζĺݺײͻȻɫ૵죬᲻ǸŮˣҪǸŮҾȢ㣡ǿϧ 

һ˿ȴ˸оϢҲŨʱҧѹֲס˳ 



һ֪˴˶ٻء쵽ӭȥⷬζɱһβ֪˶ٱ˶ú죬ʹ쳣ķĴ̼£Լﵽ˸߳ 

ᣬ̱ڵϣɬ˫ۿڵɫʺͣڣȴѺȻ˯콫˫ֵƤ⿪ñֻǴ³һϵƤֽϴ֣ʺܿͿˡ 

ƶ壬Ҫ˭֪ԼȴĶ 

ԭԼǸ 

סۣопɬҺ£ȴʲ֪ܳڱԼзӦҹ˵óסԭԼûܣ 

ҧҧ壬춳˳Ѩһ飬顣 

ããȻɫǰҹȻϲ÷Ƕûһĵһ 

漴ԳؿЦһ£Լ³лӶˣʲµġ 

Ӳͷڵϵıã谵Уʵӳѩӡ㶵ض˰Ρ˯еıʧƽصĮһ˿ǵǸʮһ㡣 

˵ʲζ̾Ϣһȡһ˿ϣȻһǵ뿪 

ıʺƣ˫ۡ 



18 



˿ʱ˹ 

ʱ򣬶شս飬һ̳ϺõѣλƵת÷Ժæµ֮£ȴҪ֣Ⱦơһ򲻺ƣԴƲģֻ 

ƹѲʵӧս𣿡 

ʲᣡʺһ㶣˾Ʊ 

ԭ㲻֪ӽնˡͳǸӵݸԼ 

ʺƷһ£ɫ 

ᣬʱŵͳ£û¹źŵԼ򾳳ƺǰϵĵûȥǸԭҰ壬뽫ȥǹ¡Ƶͷϵ飬Ȼֻ֮ϷԽˮŵĴֶȥǸǿʢĴһʱӦΪԽӧǼʱһ㡣 

ձõƢֻԼͺãֲŵ£õϹŲģαԼȥܡţᣡ 

߬ӣüͷ²á 



ӽ 

õƳ˶һۣûлش 

㱱ŵҲܣزΪ⣬Ƶ˵ֻǲҪ˵û㣬Լ佫һҪùϵǢദһ㣬иҹ𣬲Ȼε˱Լζ˭Ҳܲˡ 

ʺлǰŵ£һݾ䡣룬ҡҡͷ 

첻ᱳҡ 

û˵㡣ӽأĲȴ³ˡ 

ЦЦǷһڷ³֣ʲû缸ǰ㿴Աõĸ飬ֻ֪òɫҲûбʾ˼һֱԵˡֻǽ˲ԣʲʡ⸡ξҸ˾ְ£ʵϢϢأ֪÷Ժùִһ÷Ժס˶죬ػΪǲ㴰ֽء˭֪ãȻ֪飬ö̾ĳٶۡ 

Ҳֲܣϻվһ𣬶˲֪ʱ죬ȻǰСǰǰãû˵ʲᣬվȻ²ˬһѡ 



˵ãûʲ𣿡صһһضãķӦ 

һݣʲ᣿ 

ʧߡ֪ǲΪ飬ĵԶԶܿ㡣 

ʺЦһĵıܿң˵ú񡭡˵һ룬ͻȻס 

Ǹ͸ˣһֻͨҪ˵һ㣬˳µһȥͻܡ 

ʺƽദĵελ͸ȻСиˣνй¶˿ǰʺƴӲϵС£׷ܿ⡣Ǻӵ¡һ˱ԼǿȻ˺ӣǲҪа취ǵûУǸˡԼǴ֪ӵʱӦûˡ 

˼˼ԽԽǾɣеľƱͣصգ֪Ȼ̳ѡתۿսӣܾʲ춰ͲסڡһվǸתߣȻûһԵĶ 



ʺ໹ЩĶͷݵǽ壬ղϢԼƳһǸڵϵսۣ߳˷䡣 



ĳ£һҫĹâ 

Ժ£һɫķ£ոռϴ壬վ¡ 



ĸ߶׳̬ȳƣȷѧĺģֻǱڸոպľУѾо𣬹ǰ 



õĽŲȴûԼϢһ£ûлͷ 

죬ʹ㣬һ飬𣿡 

ޡҡҡͷֻԼܲסģϲ飡 

ó޲һ££Ƿһ 

΢΢ƫͷ¶ģĲ 

ǷʲᣬԼ 

죬Һˣ˵ĺü 

ǺҲʵЦһ£תȻʲ㶼Ѿ֪ˣ𣿡 



ʺҲе㲻ԼղǾԣȴ߷ֵľֵѣԷ»ǼǵõġѹԼҲһһĲأִڼϾҪȢü죬ٴζ£ҲΪԼϲ죬οǸˡѵǾԲɣǴʱ嵭˵Ҫ뿪ȴð 

뿪𣿡 

һ㶣ɫӰ鿴СĬ˺ðΣ΢΢Щ 

ʲ˼ 

ʺ˵Ǿ仰ԼҲǾһǿǲһ㡣 

ѵҾû 

°գ 

ĬȻ˰Σƽ 

ȻһҪ뿪ȥҲáʲʱˣʲʱٻ˵һ˦䣬ͷҲصˡ 



19 



ؿõıӰ뿪˫һϡ 

ȻԼˡ 

Ǿ仰֪Ϊս֮ն࣬ϣ߳ŭĻȴǽסһϲ̲סðЩ΢ϣ֪ˣǲܵġ£ҲԵĽǾڻϾҪףһļͥˣϲյĺܰɣ 

̧ͷ 

ϵ£ԼԶҲġ 



ҶԭæĺæΪͻȻˣǶһǳͷ۵ĲһԶʮʼݣֱָ㲡 

飡صİҩһš 

㵽׺ȲȣҶԭԭ㿡ӣڱЩغǳǰˡ 

˲ţʲҩ 

Ϻõķ纮ҩ֤֮˯һʲëûˣ 

ߣ˲мһ˵Ϻõķ纮ҩһССķ纮컹ûκãҲ֮ΪҽǸŶ 

㣡Ҷԭ˵ǵͨ졣 

λŴ˰겻һܶ棬ܶ棬Ҳδҵҩʯٹ˭֪ϸµΪϵ֮»Ǹ·ϵüˣһǿȻ˷纮Ҳʲ󲡣Ҳδ̫ˣûаҶԭķԸҩ˵ܣ죬纮ǵûãԶˡ 

˵ҪʱҩҪúϢֻȹһҩܺã 

˵ҩûأʲҩ֮˯һҲûáҪҽҩ컹ܵҩʯ𣿡 

Ҷԭǿм飬ֱšΪһºͣӲοǸһˡҲ֪£Խֺ̲סһӲۣʱҧгݣǲ֪ᷴ 

Խվȵ˵ĸˣõؿ 



߽ҩʯӣ˹ض龰ԥҪҪҶԭһתͷѷˡ 

ӽҶԭ̶˳ˣʲǲﲻˣҰ㿴˵Ҫá 

ˡûֻе¡쿴ǣǰ 

ʲ£Ҷԭĵʵ 

֪οڡ 

Խҩһվҽҩˡ챾Ĳûãҽֻ¾ҪҲסˡ 

Ҷԭɫģ纮ûãĳԸá 

ŶһüЦЦ˵⻰ҽɱˡ˵תˡ 



ʣҶԭˡ 

ӽ㵽ʲ£ 

첻֪οڣԥ˰죬ŵҩ 

ҩʲҩ 

Ʋͷɬص󲻻١١ٻеҩ 

ҶԭһʱûӦ˰Σҧ´ɫ԰֮ 

ѵ 

ҶԭһСĵȷϵ㡢Ҫ 

ѵĵͷ⼸һֱǳģ֪ڻ᲻һӡһʮ»̥࣬ĵڣǿֲѵ̣ĲˡԷδȻǺáοܶѾ׼ս飬ϾҪȥս 

ҶԭΣȵȡ 

˵תҩáһһҩ͵ 

ӽֶϾҩΣշǳ׷ãܹ𺦣áЩҩǿԷֹеģҪڡǰöɣֻǲ֪ûЧְѷ÷ϸϸһ顣 

콫ҩպã̧ͷҶԭĲ֪˵ʲá 

ӽ㲻ض˵ˡ֮䣬ÿҶԭЦЦº͵ĵ 



ùţǴϲ÷ԼҩСĵļã£ִŴҩζɢ 

ͳսۣߵѾͬᣬһȥս 

⼸æ׼¡÷Ժÿ춼дӸĺֻľʮ֮ࡣֻҪ뵽ٹҪ̳ˣŤһš 



ǰڼ˵ʵͺûʲֻǵĶһЩİգ˸ٸƶˡֶʱᷢս£Ҫܳ͢׷ˣްȿԡУȻҲҪսڽ߶ΪиˣһһΪģѹһֵҸУֻϣһ㹻ˡڣ⵭Ҹסˡ 



룬˼ܵԶˡһƿݵ˽һ󺮷͵㡣 

̧ͷһ 



20 



ü΢ʲζ 

֪ҩζûɢ񣬻ŵˡԱѣȴҲ֪λش 

ߵǰδʰҩţƳȥһۡ 

ҩˡΪŮ࣬ĺҲ˼ɾѾֻЩݵλŮãÿʱǷ·ֹеҩҩȻҹõĲһû֪ĹЧġ 

ҩŪģҩ룬Ҷԭģ 

ͷ½ġ 

ʺƿ̯ս飬룬֪˵ĻҲáһˣսҲ㡣 

ˣ΢΢һ 

ߵߣٹҪˣ⼸ٺú㱾 

ƺ˵ʲᣬſڣջʲҲû˵ 



ҹʺˣڴϣϻĺۼ 

Ϊʲ᣿ͬ뿪⼸ҹȴʲˣѵйĹ𣿿䲻ŮɫŮ˻ǲȱģҲһ£ֵģ 

첻ʣҲʡԴ뱱֮ѾǳҲϲ˵ˡֻǱʺƵһʱѪҲã֮ǰݵҲơ 



ˣú𣿳öˣʲˣ 

˵ͷ⡯⻰ȷ 

ҹλأȥϣǸӻԼߺȻ˯ģһƬ 

СǸ¶һؤ󣬴δĸ顣仰Сʱ򳣳ڽϼǣӵСĽòˡҲԻһҵؼңǣȥϸóԵġˣ֪Ըǲʵֵģ㿪ʼ룬һҪȢһϱԺӣϸĸǳøףźӹ 

ǽ죬һжʵˡĪ˵ԱʺƱնϵ飬ӵ壬ȥһŮ˳ס⼸ҹڱõ³лҲȥŮˡ 

ֻҪһ뵽ǸųһȥĶӣϱȥһۡȥԱȢӣҲܲˡҪȥսҪһЩ²ܷɢ˼ҪһЩϵĥסʹ 



ᣬǧӣԽŴˡֻʰһЩ򵥵һߵġ԰ͽϲ÷ 

ǰȥ밲壬ĴɴʣǶ˴ˡʺƺ΢΢һ£˵˾䡰ạ̃ض˵ӽ·;ңԶ塣 

лСģ´ټ¾ҪΪˡɬ롣 

죬ս֮¹Ī棬ȥ֧Ԯ򾳣ַǺõģҪء 

ǡ⻰˵䣬ȴһů֪ԼСģҪ̫ƴ 

첻ԼЦģΪҪڵȣһټ 



γĴһУҶԭ쿴ʱһ 

ҶԭҲΪգΪ˵Ըȥģ˵ǱвȡΪǸԽҩᣬ纮ǺˣǻһЩԣ˵ҩ飬Ҫŵáҩη纮οԵģҶԭ˵ֻҪʰʰҽˡ 



ڰϷ򾳷ֶϣ˽⵽ʵԡΪϲˮֶǼɢСԹ˲ϾûֿĽĿǰΪֹС˵ľڣʧϷֶ档 

ǳϤ򾳼ܱߵΣܿͽ״˽ơһ£һЩСģĽ⣬˫ûдĶ 



ƣĻصʡǰ¿סѾ˾ؾ 

Ѿ׼ˣ͸ 

ˡסҲԣ˵ɡ 

Ǵ࣬쵹ڴϴСЪһ˭֪غ˯ҹһԼȷʵǰȻ˾ۡ 

𣬿һЩ򵥵ķˡཫ˶˯ˣýˡ 

һ㣬Ҳûθڡʱ䳤ˣѾˣڱϣûʲʳӪķ˱ôֲڣûʲζ쵹ЩϾѳԵĶҲԹġھӪУȶϢǷǳҪģսʱᷢ뱣֤ 

һڲˣδŽһ֮ζͻȻܣ͵ط嵽ʽǣŻ˳ 



21 



ˣ˽ʽǸŻֹһæȥˣ 

컺û¡ 

صߣЩްʳ 

ɫãû𣿡ĵʵ 

û£ֻǲ̫ˣԲ¡Ѷ˰ɡ 

ҪҸȥ׼ЩȲ˷ˡ 

ҡҡ֣ʾˡ 

ҹģҪŪˣҲȥϢɡ 

ǡȥˡ 



첢ûа·ϡԼ̫ƣ͵Եʡ 

ص£һֽ㶵ؿ˰Σʰ 

ŵĴϲֻӡ˼֣»ϲŵ֣ͬ 

ϲ³ܶ渡ξӷģ˰£Ŵ 

쿴Ǽֻ֣ôĿġ 

֪׵ӣԶˣģ˵عӡڣϢȴͨʽǿʵ 

õĴȻܣ˼ǺܿԼãʱ죿˵Ѻˣ͵ȥˣ֮䱱Ҳ˵ϾĳӣβܿͻŮʱ 

һҹ쵹ڴշת࣬Ҳ޷˯ 



Ἰգһֱæλ֮¡һµĹ۲̽Ѿ˶ԷʵסһĴսǰ 

æµЩ£ӵѹʱЩʣҲδϡ 

һգҪ£δȥһ˳˳˲ײһ 

һҶԭǵͨ죬ŭһ£ͻȻЩȣкҲδתˡ 

ЩĪ֪һ򲻶̣Ƿʲִʵûʲ⣬Ȼ˵㣬󲿷ʱڶ 



صԼڡǵõϢأпܶʵʩͻϮԾƾͼƣ롣򿪵ͼ׼ϸһû⡣ 

ƿΪ࣬صȷɣҴٳԡ 

ӽˡ 

̧ͷһҶԭ 

ˡæʰöҶԭõ¡ 

Ҳûʲ£ãһֱûġԹ㡣 

ЦӦȥǡ 

֪࣬ϰϰߡҶԭɫƺҪ˵еʵ 

ҶԭҡҡͷʲࡣӽǱ㲻ʲᡣ 



ļ䡣вƣֻм򵥵Ĳˮһ˵˵̸̸ΪǹϵǱȳˣҲȻͶԵ 

ֹĵصǹϵȳˣҪʲ£ֱ˵ǡֻҪĳܼزѡ 

ҶԭԥΣ˵Խ߾ˮΪأ˶˴Ⱦ֢ԣȥǱ߰æҲһҽ߼˵ְ𡣡 

˵ǣڲȱҽ᲻ 

ţҶԭЩ߷Ȼصҽȥ˵£˭֪˵ 

 

ҶԭͻȻǵͨ죬ɫ˸βګګصӽҸæ֪ӽܲܰõ 

ʵЩΪѡĵ׻ԽûȨ޵ġҲǱŵģʵڲó档ҶԭĪĶݣæҲҪġȥ˵˵ȥ 

̫ˡ˾ͶлˡҶԭϲ 



˵Ž֪ҽҲڣضһ˫ 

һðɡ 

áҶԭҲһò͡ 

ǳԵĶʿһΪսٽ⼸յķ˶ƣջ㡣 

Ҷԭôֲڣζȷʵ˭̧֪ͷȴ˫ü΢ֻڱˡ 

᲻ˣ 

ЦЦһְסؿڣصûʲθڣԡ 

һֱվʱ˵Ҽҽ⼸һֱûʲθڣ֪ʲԵʡｫ 

졣£ǳһ䡣 

գ͸Ƣ֪ĳãºͣҲֻȻˡ 

ŶҰѰɡ˵Ҷԭϸһ¹ɫѣƺЩݡ 

챾СҶԭܼ֣֡ 



Ҷԭ˻üëеԽԽʲ᲻ʡһһˣҶԭɫԽء 

ɫѵʲ󲡡 

ʲë𣿡 

Ҷԭſڣӽ㡭 

һ߰ٵľͻȻ𣬴ҶԭĻ ȻվץİϵĽ 

ŵܽеҹϮ 

ϿףﲻҪȥ 

˵ת⡣ 



22 



ӰζʿǴæϣŲֻ˻Զɱ֮ 

ȻõϢ֪˻ͻϮȴû뵽Ŀ졣ʱ򣬴󲿷ʿšŵһѵأӦѸ٣ھȻļϳ 

ռƻ콫ԼȷԽ߰ԵͻϮν벶ȸᡣ 

⽫ӪկɽΪˡ 

Լ򾳸ĵָƣ֪һƬ֣ʺΧ׷½ءպŶҵļƻʱһ顣Ǵ˿ͻȻ첻֪ܲü᫵ɽ·ִԤĵص㡣 



ûʱ˼ˡǰҹϮĵϣȴֻǧǱǰƽԭӭսҪ֧һʱңܵȵĴ󲿶ӽΧ 

ͣĸߴ󡣴ʱͻϮͻ 

Ըȥչ򡣡ʿɱ 



ڰҹɫУƬɽȱС˻ཻΧס 

ҶԭУֱš 

ղûѾµСǿκԼ֪ǣڴѩоùԸε޼޼Ͳױסӣο͹ȣ̥ϢȣΣաԼûüͻϮˡ壬ս 

ҶԭܻԼ׼ҩ䣬ͻȻи˳˽ࡣ 

࣡Ҷԭһӽˣ 

࿴һڡ 

ӽһ 

Ҷԭû£ȥӽ 

УΥء 

û£µӽҶԭ󼱡䲻֪౾ΣֻǸСܶ߰ӽҲǺõġ 

һԣֵʵˣ꣬µġ 

Ҷԭȴ޷ֻǼתת 

Ǵӣһתǲǽʲ󲡣 

ȴ󲡸ذҶԭѿڶ 

ʲᣡ 

ҶԭԼ죬ֻƴȥȥӽǿԼ 

ȴͻȻץסʲᲡ 

Ҷԭһ㶡ʱˣﻹˡҶԭһɣ˵ǲǡǡ 

˸ͻȻһ뵽һܣɫ䡣ſҶԭת˳ȥ 

ҶԭͷϽֵ࣬һ࣬ʲˣ 



Ӫ⣬ڵҹɫУսݱؽ 

ǧӵܽзڹ⡣ѾѪҲ֪ǵ˵ĻǴԼϵ˿ġ 

ʮսʼطֻвϵĿɱ򵹶Էܻȥ 

âѪɡԵ˺飬еʹϾ˼ 



Ѿ˴ʱŵľӻûг֣ءֱ˿̣Բܲ˳Ԥλá 

˫ֿʼЩÿһγֱЩ΢顣 

찵ã߶ȴʹ 

ΧѾʬҰѪɺӣ󲿷ֶǵ˵ʬ塣ŵľȻûез࣬Ǿ£һʮĺ֡ɽǰΣϽˡ 

ɫò԰ףδε亹Ӷ¡ҧأԴʿǰ档 

ͻȻзһģ˹һ𣬾ٽǰ 

 

ཻãԷܿһ 

壬ʲ书ֻͼѣ˵Ķ֡ʱ쳣Ȼݲס 

ǰ˶һ֪Էǵ죬ҲҪ¡¸ʹԽԽǿң޷ӡ 

΢һģ˼ͼһ˹ȴûϵյеУһһڵءǰ£СȻһʹ˫һڵء 



ýסԼסͷȥ 

ڵҹɫУԼ壬ǹҺ˫ȼµĸоŨѪζʹطֱǴԼġϤİ׹ʹ󷭽Լ׷ʲ¡ 

 

ⲻܡ 

ɫɷףԼС 

ʱǸĵվ˲䣬¶âĿٴδ 



23 



ãȻؿԼСΧһк񶼱õֻиڲ˺׹ʹ̼񾭡 

ͻȻһ󼲷Ϯ̧ͷǸĸߴĵ˻׶˹ع־ǿһܹҪվ˫ȴǦһأ޷Ųֺ˲䣬Ǳǰؾ𽣵ס 

һ˵ֱθ 

츹ʹѵܲסʱڵء 

첻ʾɻѹںһ 

ѵԼҪɥս 

ͷһ˲Ժ 

˼ͻȻòһЦ׹һһ 

۾ȴ׸ˡǹƬȴûжͻȻһ 

 

ۣࡣ 



ڻҵսҵʱڵδæһǸˣȥɫ԰ףϽѪһʱ֪Ƿˡʵˣ 

İվһʹѪ¡ 

ҡû£ŵס亹죬ҧص 

ǲˣͷӪڰȻУоóȫ޴ʹࡣ 

Уε亹£ս»ûнҡҲ뿪ս 

սеĽϣһɫ԰ףᶨסң 

Ĵûе뿪ܶЩֵܣƻƻս˭ˣ˭ˡⳡ̣ǲ䣡ҲҪ 



Ȼ֪ЩµǼ̵ӣĳҲסɬ 

ס죬ػĽΧһƬɱ֮⡣еĵ˻δڵĵطѾѪˡ˿ȴվһ𲢼սƵġ 

ûоȥ书ˣ־ֿڵĽʹ¸һڲ׹ʲᶫҪһ㡣ʹ 

첻ȥ룬Ҳȥ롣ֻŬ۲սľơ 

࣬ˣ죡 

춣ŵźŴԶ𡣼лĴˣ֮ 



׶Ž 

ԽĺһһŵɽӵϮһʱ䣬̷ΧڵĵһѪɽ˲Ҳ̶á˵Ĵ񱻿ɨҶ׷м١ 

ʬҰѪɺӣͬ˼龰һǰᾰ 



ʹʹ 

ʱʹһ֪һʲطһȻڻ֮УȻʶؽסԼĸ 

ͻȻһǿҵʹ־ۣģпҶԭŽ 

ʹϤġҪԼ˺ѵʹ׹ĸо޴롣Ϊʹ޷̧ͷԼϵ׷ʲ¡ҶԭȴԴϧͬر顣 

 

סڲͣʹĸ켸ѾһˡѪԽԽ࣬·ҪеѪҺƵġȻҶԭѾŬҲʩ룬Ȼûκκת 

ͻȻ췢һʹоиѪҺ⡣ģ֪ʲ£ʹϵʹٶĻС 



ԶܶıʺƣͻȻЩĪؽ꣬е̣תš 

̲Եؿӣֻ˵һ䡰ˡҲһˡ 

Щǳѽһ£»ǱȻܾЩĲɡŮеһʲ 

ǰӽУᱱþһֱĲɣҲµû·ǲӽ뿪ãĬΣֻ૵˵˾䣺뿪Ҳã 

̲˼ҲֻǴᣬþʲطòһˡ 



ʺ뿪÷Ժѵǣīѩһ񱼣ѳ˸ξӡ 

ɫҫ£ɽ·ԽԽԶŵؽƫ®ɽ¡ԶԶɽм˼ҡũҵϰЪ磬ѿ֮⡣ 

ʺīѩһģԱߵȥѰʺưƮƮüĿ续ɫ·˲ 

Ϥҵһ˼ңƿϢ˽ȥ 

ǻͨũң޶˺һţһӤ 

ʺǶԷ򸾵Էϵȥָ磬Ӥҡǰڻ谵¹⣬Ӥ˯ֺС 

ôؿ˰ΣͻȻ֣رӣԺ 

ɫ£ӿɰԲСһš̲סཱུգ޷Ӧ߻˿ˮЦЦסС˹Ĵ۾ãͻȻЦˡ 

Ӥеġཿ۵ЦñʺЩʧʶͻȻ֣ЦݣǸˡ 



24 



ûصʱɫѽ̺µڴϣѾ˯˹ȥÿ˿ȡůϣתֳ˷䡣 

ξ½½ЩæµĲɣ԰ת˰Σ֪䣬԰Ƭ̣ǿ˽ȥ 

ϲ÷Ѿ÷ԺֻǶʱɨʰһʹȾ齣ɼҡ 



ĬĬƿţһյĺϮ 

䣬ͻȻʮϣԼǸ岻ʣ˭֪Ȼ𾪵һĻ 

ɫҰףʹӵģ·ָǰ 

ʺ޷һӻᾭʲʹࡣĹŮ˵¡Ů쾭壬ʹһЩҲ츳ǵκǲӦóЩģӦ¡ 

ڣڴ£βࡣ 

˸벻ġ벻ģ춼ˡ 



ӲԼıʺƣһοʼԼҲԼ쾿ʲС 

ǰֻԼΪԼؽȶĵĴ󽫡¼Ϊ˾ҩΪҩǿƽˡ 

ǸӵĵһУƻάֵƽ⣬ʹĹϵ˳׵ظı䡣Ȼʹ˵Ĺϵع鵽ԭ㣬ɻʧˡʹ˺ӣһ̫ƽ֮仹ʲطһˡ쾹ȻҪ뿪 

֪ʱֱҪˡѵҪԼ 

ǶصĻһˮ־ŭ𾪵ǣ֮£ԼȻٴζ¡ҹζӰΣʳ֪ζҹ˼ޣֻһٶسֳС 

˶񫡣 

Ȼĸ߰Ըϣ졣ֻϵˡԵ˵Ҫ뿪ʱ˿Ҳãҷֿأ˴˶侲һ¡ûٷԣ뿪ˡԼռƻ̳ס 

Ϊ»齿޿һУٴѳƿأΪʶ뵽졣ǳãϲָоʮ׵ݽƱ֮λʼͽ֮СϲһԼ˵ĸоϲ鶼ļƻСڣһζĳ޷ˣǾԼ 

Ǹӡ˰ѺߣϾĹϵʱǱϾԼĳӣżȥǸȴԽԽãԽԽɰÿǸԼФССˣоӿһΪ˸ĽѾǸӣĹ⡣ 

뵽Ǹˣȴӵĸ顣ӵҲӰӣ˫¹һ۾ȫǸ˵һԼ뵽С 

Ǹ˹ѩѺӻʱݵľܾΪʱ¶˳ϵķУκԼƿأҪõİ취¡ʹڣҲΪԼǶԵġ 

ǲ֪ʲʱʼˣ֪öҡˡ 

֪ԼеŭǲСǱˣֻΪǶԼһ裬ԥһɱǸˡǶ죬ŭ֮ᣬȻðһֵ뷨һŮˣԼһȢ 



ʺҡҡͷ첻Ůˡʹ˺ӣҲѲ˵ʵԼȢҲܺһ 

ʺ˦ص÷Ժŵ̵ɷ 

죬ȴյһɸ밵ñʺƴ󾪡ȥϹ̣ҴҽһԼг̣ս 



ۣ 

ϺۣҲۣ 

ȫ鸡ģԼˡĻﲻһؤߵΪһսʦץӵߣһԼֵշתɳеĻ۵Ǹɫ¹£߰ģˣԽԽģԽԽңԶ޴䣬ͻȻӤ 

ڿޣҵĺڿޣ 

˫ڿ죬ȴʲҲץ 

ӽӽҶԭģңԶصطãۣȴ֪ǰ˭ֻץסֱ۵ҵĺ𣿡˵ֻ꣬˹ȥ 



ʺƸϵʱľģ 

𾪵ʡ 

ֻҶԭˡսᣬһֱԵڡżҲʶ壬ɢϵˡ 

ӽ²ӱûȬѪС˿ʺƵɫҶԭҲ˲ˣٴУս۱ʵڴӡˣȴԲѣȥֻ¡ֻ¡ 

ֻʲ᣿ʡ 

Ҷԭɫʹֻ׶༪١ 

 



ʺߣ԰ݵգʲᶫ˵ܡ 

ҶԭѾȥǱŵǰ˵ӽһֱδѣֻҲ֪ԼС˴̼֮ʡ¼ʵ԰顣δ£˵ڴǰ 

÷ֺݺݸơ 

²һܣ 

²ָʺƽǿ죬ûָðָɵߣϵӣȴûоӵΡ 

ƣƺһӻ£Ѫȴڵһ 

ʧְ𷣡 

ȻҪ㣬ڡӽ¾ܵʺصʣȼˡӽòˣ𣡡 

ǡ 

ȥɡʺޱ飬תͷȥٿ 

ؿڵľʹ¡ٻͷȥֱֱϵˡǸ˻֮лģؿһʹ廹ϵˣԸԸܻǸˣֻҪƽ£ԼʲᶼԸ⡭ 



25 



Ҷԭ£ŵĴֻʣ±ʺƺ졣ĺ΢ŵҪϸ΢΢ؿһϰ꣬һ򽡿ˣȴ˴ 

ʺḧûϸڲŷ֣֪ʱںīһķ࣬Ѽ˿˿ɫʹڻҲü䣬Ҳϸϸơԭ忡ӣȧͻأݲ 

ʺƵĿ뿪԰׵ĸΪһӵĵطѻָƽ̹ظϣ뵽ǰһڴһһɰĺӣֻǿϧѾԵˡ 

ЩѹϲӵʧǼȻѾһɰĶӣҪڶһϣ볣졣̵ȱ˸ִһЩ 



Ѿֹеҩỹкأ 

ʺ̾˿סеϢ£΢鸡΢΢üģһů˽ȥ 

ϰڹ⣬ڷܿҲ񡣵ײܺͱʺͿʼȡϣֻбʺ񹦣м˺书ȴ˶ġ 

ҵϢعԴҲůڱʺƻͻȻһ 

ʺƻȴʲᷴӦ΢߽Ķӡӡӡ 

˼䣬ûϢ 

ʺƴ˰Σ˺ڹջĵƣ¡ 

Ҷԭ˽ӽúҩˡ 

ʺվλøҶԭԭ԰׵ɫЩһ֪Եʣмؿ˱ʺһۡȻҽȴ书ް취书ߵ·ӣ첻ϣǰˣ档ң˲޹أϵþˣȴ 



Ұӽ 

ʺƱվ˵ͷַ 

ҶԭιԲѣһҩιȥҪ 

ƽʱιҩ𣿡ʺüʵ 

Ҷԭ̾˿ʱӽѹȻʶ壬ȵȥʱԵֻһιˡ 

ʺأҶԭȥ 

Ҷԭüͷ΢취ԹȫǺ˳ 

š˫壬ĬһͻȻӹҶԭҩ룬ιȥ 

ҶԭЩԥǵص 

ȥɣ±Ի㡣 

Ҷԭֻȥ 



ÿе죬һҩĴιȥŨĿҩУһ˿˿ζ̫ϲ£ǶԼ̣ҲֻŨʱŻڣҩ֭ι£ȴԲ뿪Բ˫ϸϸȴϤ壬þЩ鶯 

ò뿪˫ÿסԼ΢û뵽˴Ӱ졣 

еҩιὫŻشϣȴо΢΢һͷһ֪ʱ־ס½ǡ 



־һֱһԨס˫ںؤʦɱĵҲ 

һӤĵײϵ֪Ǹ˭ոʧȥĺӡ 

ҵǸ޵ӤڻúÿģҶҲӲˣĺֲˣۣ޴롣 

Ȼһůڣ˶ů㻷ܣĪϤͰġ 

ٶ˯˹ȥǲ֪˶ãһ˫ůĴɬҩζ˳£黬ͷĿǻ﷭ϸϸÿһطֲϾͷ趯 

Ϥů 

Ҫ뿪 

ﺰֱǵٴνΧ 



ѵۣãؿǰϤʶͷأоԼ˯˺þãȫ 

ˡ 

ϤڶһĮдһ˿ᡣ 

š쳣ãȻԵıʺƣʶδȫѣֻʶץʺƵ½ǡͻȻһԺлæָϸ΢ʵӡأ 

ûˡ 

һʹȻģؼǵ÷£ȴҲ޷ܡӱðΣۿͻȻʪˣƲԼ˫ۣӿ 

ʺҲѹϾҲĺӡ࣬ѵ§ԼĻ 

ʹԣ֪˶ãֻ֧˹ȥʺưѰ֪ûʲ󰭣δɵӣ˵ʲζǺñӣʶ壬˫ֻӻһ 

֪ΪʲᣬǸӣʺͻȻһʹؿڣúʲᶫѿһʹ 



26 



ʺ߳ʱɫĳ˪ 

ʺ˳༱æǰȥӽ 

ղѹˡ 

ģɲǼ䣬࿡ݵϱŷľϲñʺһ 

½ȥչ 

ˡʺƻסɫȥӽȥ׼ЩԵģ嵭һġ 

ǡӦˣҴҵˡ 

ʺƿıӰһ 



Ҷԭܿ͸ˣɫҲá첡⼸գΪأҲҽָˣһֱչ죬Ҫͬʱ˺þҽְ֮ҲеԲˡ 

üˣ㽫ղ˵ˡҶԭѰȷΣգֻʵ̫ʺս 

ˣܶǡʺƼӣҲ֪ܹȬġ 

ܶ·;ңԶӽ²ʺϳ;Ҷԭ÷ܶʡһΪղŵɣһ֮ʱȻɢҶԭǴЩ߽пһЩ飺캢ӵһףҲǱ 

ʵϸ룬ֿġڱ߶꣬ĹȻºͣȴ˱һľ롣ҵϣֱָ˴ƷµģҲûм 

ҶԭȻִ⣬콻ȻΪ롣䲻֪˹ϵΣҲ֪ǱȻĸԸģʺһϢ㼴ɸлǼصġʺƸո»飬صܶ¶Ҳʲ¡ܴʵھ̼ܶ˶ӣϢҲܰġ 



ʺƲ֪ҶԭЩ˼Ļ˼شƫƧսڵʵڲٽļֶ棬ռռ죬սĲս״̬УҲȫȥֻȥԽ׶ǣֻм·̣ҷֶ£Ӧðȫǡ 



ԽһʣͿʺĴϣսµͼ 

ʺƹȻӽȻϵսˡԽԴ 

ͱʺ˵ϲϣֻһ̫ͶԵһһ߰壬˭˭˳ۣԼҪһ¡ 

µһ󽫣Ҷ꣬ȻġʺƲ䲻˵ 

ӽˣ˵սˣءԽüͷ 

һСˣѾûʲˣʺƴлĹˡʺ˵⻰ȴз֮⡣ 

Խô̶ȴ޷µĵһ佫ƢԵ񣬷֮¡ԴᣬƢȻܶ࣬ȴ䵭ˡ 

Ǵδս֮ᣬæս£һֱδȥ죬ֻ֪һֱδѡἸյ˲ʧܣִ˼СͳͻŸӹ˲¡ֻȥҩĲƷҶԭúչ 

ʵ˵ף쵽ײµĽ죬Ҷԭ˵Ȼδѣ֮ᣬ㲻ٷϡյϢ˵ʺƾȻΪ֮¸žӽƿ²һ㣬ΣʱӧսڴսʱսʱΪΡԱʺֱԣ 

ӽްҲˡΣҪʲᣬֱ˵ǡ 

Ȼƽϲԣʶ꣬Ա˴˶Ϊ˽⡣ʺҲͲˡ 

սҪ뿪 

ܶ棿ӽأΡ 

ܶ·;ңԶԲȴȥǷֶסһʱ䣬ƺתٻȥ˵״ʺƲüͷ 

Խû뵽ƾءּʺƶػУ»齿޲ˣܵҪ뿪¾졣 



ʺԽ£صʣҶԭΪʩ룬Բࡣ 

ѹ𣿡 

ҶԭҡҡͷʺƶԸȥʰ汾ȥǡ 

죿Ҷԭ̧ͷȵʡ 

ʺڴ£죬ЩǣȴǵġϾҪˣﲻȫ 

ղŴõһϢսսᱻеĵо죬Ȼǵأܵ׵ܵɳأΪɳսɳ֮´ŭԶҪɳţս˶˵ģΪԣأܱض֪˭ˡǰų˵Ҫȡ³˵׼ 

ʺƲ￪սȴ˰ϮóöʱǷʤմ뿪ĺá 



Դ賿ʱѹһ֮ᣬһֱ˯Ѿࡣȥ׼ˣҶԭҲҪУԼȥʰ 

ʺưźûԱƿʽߵߣȴѾ˹㶵ض 

ˣãԵ㶫Ҫˡʺƹȥ 

ûзӦֱֱֻؿ 

ղ£ΪֻԼʶеһΡ»Զǧ֮⣬ᡣǴʱʺеؾǰ첻š 

ֱһȿɿڵҩŻع־ԼȻ§ڻʢӣ޳ϡ 



27 



Щң֪롣ҪƿãȴԼȫͷĿѣ 

Ҫ˽£һֱûкúóԹ̫ҩˣǴҪ 

ȥһ죬ֱһҩࡣ 

ȥǡʺƵشˣר־ظιࡣδЩɬ³Ѿˡ 

Ӻ󻹻أʣΪʲΪʲҪȥǣӵ¡Ѿ֪ģ 

ʣȴһһײϰ޷ڣֻƴȥ˯˶գһֱҩ֭θήڳԵʳȴʣÿһڶ˺ô 

ҩ࣬ýŵһߣȡϷ£촩ϡùһۣ档 

ؿʺΪһС 

ʺưϵôӣס˰оϢƽȣֻҪ·Сĵ㣬չ˺壬Ӧûд󰭡ˣϸȷʵܵĽ 



ʱ˿һģһæǰԱùصѾ׼ˣҲѵ룬ʱԳ 

ʺƵͷʵأ 

ȥ˵һ㵽 

ʺתͷžҪ͵˿սҲģȴȥȲٻܶ档 

˵Լһȣܶ棬һ 

㡢Ҫʲ᣿쾪ؿʺڽҪ 

ȻʺƵ˵ 

ˡҡС΢ƿ 

ʺüͷӣԼ𣿡 

촹ͷǾӪҲܴսʿǵʿ 

ʺû˵Σվӣڴ߿һԼߵӡ 

ͷߣҪվȴܣһ㣬ǰ˵ 

ԿһʶȥȴѱʺƱڻ 

㲻ǵʿȴ֪Լգ˵ģֺαʱǿʺֱֵϷ 

һ⡰˵ġָ˭ȴֲʳڡһ䣬ڿն𣬱ʺƺᱧ 

һĿѣǿҵļ£ֻץסʺƵ½Լʣ 



ʺ򱻻еķһȻ֪ݹᾣȴû뵽һ˵ؾ֮ᡣ÷Ժùѩл赹ҲǱʺƽԼԷġǴ˿̵ʱȣñʺľʺǱˣ޳ƫ춾ݣԵñ쵥ڣʺƾԼﱧļֱһǼܡ 



÷ǳһΪԼƵƱоԼΪԼսʿǰ޷һ˧ϡ 

õģЩʿĲ¡ǵˣܻأܴʺƿο 

ԭ˵ġġˣָǡ 

ڲסеʧֻôȥ 



רΪ˵Ľ׼ġʰúϸκ඼˺̺ӣʹ쳵֮оܵ 

ʺƽŵϣһֱͷǰ̧°ͣʵˣ᣿ 

ҡҡͷ΢صֻЩˡ 

ʺüͷ죬뿪ʱ˵ַǺõģҪءŴӦױ˼ǿڣԼŪʲӣ㣬ܲˣǳˣ뿪ܶʱɲȥģʺƻ･أҲȴͻȻѲ԰ԭ㲵ӣʱǲҰֽ 

Լˣʺ̾һڣ°͵ָḧǹ㣬ֻʲ¶ϲʲᶼ˵˲²͸ʲᡣ岻ãȥ·;࣬ʲ᲻һҪ˵ҶԭУϵ׺ҽԻúչ㡣ʣҪ̸֪𣿡 

ʺѵö˵໰е͸¶֮⡣ 

˫΢ֹ 

ʲỰҪ˵ʺȴͷȥ죿 

ӵ¡֪˰ɣʵ 

ʺӦһ 

һ֪ݵз£ȷʵʵġ 

߬ĳۣЩƮӵ£Ҳ֪Ĳ֪ҡһҲûв 

죬ⲻ㣡ӵ²Ҫˣ˰ɡ 

仰һ˰ΣعͷȻһЦ֪ˣ²ˡ 



28 



Ҷԭϵᣬʺ칲һԼīѩʮױ򻪳ǳˡ 

·ϱʺƷղŵ¡ 

˵Ǿ仰ᣬƣ£ر顣Ȼ˵ˣǱʺȴ֪Ϊˡ 

֪Լ˵Ǿ仰ʱ˵ģڶٶȹ¡ǺѾûˣ˻Ȼ飬֮ʵڲ֪ö˵ʲá 



ããȻ˵ĶԣӦòҪˣӦðѺӵˡһ˵ˣǾǣӦù 

ʧȥӣܡ뿪ܶ棬Ҫӱսϳǿ޴غ 

˫ۡѾҹˣڣֻĬĬؿ 



ʺƴ򻪳ǳΪԲԳеٶԽ߾ϼɽɽԽĵؽ硣 

ԽԽģԽѾǰ֪ͨ˻Ƿֶ棬ֻҪϼɽзֶӦȻѾսڼ򾳾ڡƬ˹쳣ңᣬ룬ȫʺֻĲ׵һױȥǴ´࣬Ӧҿɾͳˡһ·ϴŵţһܻ˼ˣԶУΪС 



оͣ£δǰʵˣ 

Ҷԭǰ·󲻺ãѾȥˡ 

⼸ʱʱ˯ȻήңܱȻ˯ʱǿöˣ԰ʱҩҲܽʳˡ 

ǵĶˣ 

ѵϼɽ¡ 

ϼɽҶԭİ¿ϣʵڿϼɽĶ·ϣ 

Ҷԭ˶ʮ꣬˳Ųҩ뿪ܶ棬Զ⸽ĵβϤղʹʿģĵӦǰɡ 

첻˵Ҷԭ³ȥΪ׼ҩ 



ʺƿŽĿϣ죬ϼɽߵ·ˣùţת· 

ۣ·Ϊβˣ 

·ʯסˣӹȥʺ赭д 

Ĭһ·ҪСģ 

Լ򾳵һһľ֪֮ꡣ 

·һƽ̹Ҫһ·ߣ·ȫ㡣·ֱͨԽڱɽ֮УǸɽ֣䣬ǰ˻ǿǱأǳΣգԺ˴ߡҶ·߲޸ɽ£ʯֻ˹ƻ·ΪľתС 

㲻õģд㡣Щ±ʺβ֪ 



ùţϢƬ̣ʺƱת·వУ̽ơ 

н··խ᫡Թľ죬סͷաµᣬȴɭɭģأ˲Ծؽ 

ʺƺΧĻҲֻͨչ·ǰ 

ƽʱ춽ߵ·ľͷԽѽǰʿһҲɵ 

ȴڴʱʺͻȻסһ֣Ӷͣ 

ǰʺҲȴɽȡ 

Ȼˣαضزصģ˲ܣ 

ɽ˼ȦɢȥûжϿȼžˡ 

ʺЦһ˫ɫȻˣ㲻ˡ˵˫һӣױ𹭼ȥʸĵطȼһƬ̣Ƭ֣̱ס 



29 



һЩ궯Ȼû뵽ǻɫҲ֪ж޶ʱЩҡ 

һ㣬Ѹٵӿ 

ʺٴξʾһӣ̵ױ£׼ױǰȼ˻ֵżٴκȥ 

ֶʱȼֻҽаţ˻죬ֻҵļʸ˳ 

ʺһ£һױѹᡣصػѸ·ľͷȥ 

ֻʱĵ϶ȼ磬Ǳ 

Ϊ׵ļûļƣѱʺٴļʸУ׷׵ȥ汼ƥƲסʱȥһʱɽ·ӵһƬ˵ƥǷ׷˦ߣĴұĻơ 

ɽ·ָ֣֮䣬һƬС 



ʺƹǣ˫¶һĨЦ 

ݵʺƴȥֻµᰧ 



һۣõأܣμʶ˱ʺƵʵ 

ŰˣԼȴȫûԤƵ壬ûлʹ 

һƥɫһ׳˶ӰӻбԼ׼սѱȼһƬǽ塣˵Сֶӣӳģֻʮˡ 

أӲϲѾԶȥˡ 

ʺƣ 

Ǹ͸ֵӰȻܹϳĸ߰Ӱأ߬˫ȭ 

ҡסˣ 



Ȼ淢ȴ 

д򿪳ʺָʿǣһһ˵˵ļƻһϣݾĹʡ 

Ҷԭྪ̾ľ 

û˵һңԶı 

һԶʧܵˡκεıΣգǰ˵΢ 

쿴Ĩ˵ӰӿһϤġȵĸ顣 

ָһμʱʼûʧ 

ϣң 

֪ᣬ㵽ҷһ죬Ҳ޷ϵ 



ϼɽܿ㿴ǰӦĻǷֶ 

ھ·ɽĴ𣬿Ũ̳ϡͼʺƴ˴ƽɽ·תæӭȥ 



ֶ˻ᣬнٶȱࡣΪʵڲ˼·Խڱ㲻ˡҶԭû취ɴҩÿջ˯Խʡ 

ʺƼˣȫнϵǡ 



ᣬе춸Ǿ 

ɢĳۣʺһԡ 

ɳ 

죬ʺƿȥѵǽ⣬һʱͽˡ 

Ӧһͷɬء⼸һֱżʳҶԭҩֻ˯ȥһֱδл 

أ 

ĸϡ 

ʵҶԭһΪ˳ȥ͸͸ʺƽҲܾòڣʶȤܵϳȥˡ 

ǿҪʺƸַסͻȻһһ̵࣬Ļ 



÷ǳΣһ£Ϊʺƻſ˭֪һ§ڻˣձ͹죬̬첻Щѿ 

ʵʺƵûࡣ⼸һֱ˯ʱãضᱻܡ翿Լɵ㡣ֵǣӵϤ壬ʺĵ׾ȻӿһɵС 



ϼɽ·ҪͻϮǵʲˣʺûзſĴ㣬һƣڻ￿øһЩ΢΢⡣˺ܹڣĬ뵵ա 

ֻЩ֪ķ˰ˡ첻ý⡣ʺ赭дػص֪أ׷ɱ¡ 

ȻҲ벻ȥþȻзͽӴĸҰЩ֣δ 

콥 

ͻȻָоʶϸػ䣬ƺԼ֮ʱҲӵҲ㻷Ϥůĸоجеı뱯ˡ 

Щȷ޷ȥʡ˵ٶĬǰУһְ 

ͻȻһͣ⴫ڶĽŲӵ 



30 



ˣ΢΢һȴʺưס 

Ǳʺصûʲᣬѵˡ 

ϷˮأԽѵĹҶСƲǿʢֻǿѡʮˮЩԲͶ·׷׾ټǨ㣬ѡ 

ԣһʱؤһ֣֪ҪжټͥʧȥˣٺӳΪ¶ѱʺƣ򿪳һۣڵǱվ·ߣãȻصǵĳӹȥеĸϻĺӵ΢ 



صؿǣֱнʺ˳⻹ܴǵƬ̱ˡ 

˳ǣܿ㵽ڻķֶ⡣ֶԳӭǡ 

μʺֱӰݽԺҶԭ 

ÿ궨ʱȥܶ㱨ʱΡʱ㲣ҲԾر𽫷ֶԺٳ뱱ʺơסʣµһױȫԺ 



ʱᣬҲȽܹĲĲֻҪȫĿȴǲܵˡ 

Ҷԭϸҽ£ϵ˺СĲ֢תȻǳʲɫ 

ʺƼˣ˽ҶԭǺԵʡ 

Ľѽ⣬ģþòɫҶԭ 

ʺüͷҪϵʱܺת 

Ҷԭ̾˿Ĳҩҽĳֻҽҽģ 

ʲ˼ 

ҽ֮ĺĽ飬Ҷԭ֪Ӻζֱֱضʺƣʵҡѵ֪᣿ 

ʺһ㶣һۣηԼһ˲䣬ʺƱԿ϶ҶԭѾ֪һСʺҲ֪ʱ±ѾסˡοʧȥӣҲҶԭϵġ 



򣬱мһֱ㡣ȻҶˣЩʵĻʸס 

л뾡˵ 

ֹֹ֪еҩʺɫضȻˣΪλУ 

˵£ҶԭҲɻ˺þáҲŪףҽҩ伮Ҳδֻóʵػش 

ĳҲסĳΪӽʱԸоŮӲͬҲŮ˵Ŀˮ֮״ĳĵ伮֪ĦҮֻԶʱңԶıഫΪܵľˣԲŮٶǰͽˣǼ¼֮١Ҷԭ룬ֵʵϣĳƲĦҮУŮӵĿˮΪ׼鶯ʱһֿеʣӵľˮ̥ĳΪӽ׼ҩŻЧ 

ʺĻƬ̡ 

˵пܻеˣ 

ʲ˼ 

Ҷԭһؿʺơ 

û취Էֹ𣿡ʺƳһۣ͵ı޶á 

Ҷԭת˰죬ŷӦеݵصֻҪֻҪᡢᣬǸ죬ʺѾе㲻͵ı飬һҧֻҪ᲻ˣ 

˵仰ԼѾͨˡ 



ʺüͷ 

ַȻ֪󣬴СܵĽԼϲΪ׼ίԼȻҲΪòˣЩ졣 

ǸҶԭɵӣȻױʺ⻰⣬ӽ״ѾʺСµĲѲȬٴ»֮ǡ 

֪ˡʺƵͷȥɡ 

ʺЩҡ֮ԻҶԭһ⣬ΪԼ컹ǴƵھӪаιҩʱѾˡǵ·ϣʱﱧ죬ѵ 



סδֻһ£ȵϡ 

ǷֶѾаˡȻѾܹ´߶µķϷˣڴɵЩͷϲʱֵԺ 

һأ 

ˣҪȴ˻ȥ 

ȥˡ 

ţȵ࣬ȥ𡣡ʺ£֣΢΢ü 

˵һůů㻺˽ȥʱоȫůģģȴ˵ 

ʺƼ㲻ɫȴЩ䣬Ҷԭ˵Ļ 

ʵ£ʺƴ֪ģֻǲԸưˡ¿ӣҲЩܡ 

죬˵Ľѽ⣬ģٳûʲɫԼ֪ 

һ㶣Ĭû 

ʺ̾˿죬ӵѾȥˣҪٷ͵Եˣβܽѡ 

촹ػʺ˵ʲ¶ϲʲᶼ˵˲²͸ʲᡱ̧ͷ̹׵ص˵ĶԣӵǲӦˡŬҲ֪Ǻá 

ʺ㶵ؿһԼǰ̻¶£ڲסİ˺ãȻ⡣ 

Ҳ֪ԼΪλ̹סΪͱʺƵĹϵЩת䡣˵ﲻһǾǾö˵ѺʹǰͬȻȻ㽫˵˳ 

ʺƿ㲵ݰΣͻȻ죬𣿡 



31 



ȫһ𣬵۾ʺȥʺһ飬֪ԼĻý 

ʲ˼ڲסķ 

˼ǣǸӡ 

һץס֣ 

ʺƿϲģҲЩˣ죬ֻҪӣ뱾ܶ棬Ȼܿˡ 

Щһ˵ܶ棬ЩǴ˿ֻ̣޲ջȥҲ̲סʵˣ𣿡 

ţúüˣװֵģǳɰ뿪ʱȥ 

ĶҪˣӶģСӣССȭͷڲ֪ʲˡǳһЩǡһЩأ 



켤ò֪˵ʲãͻȻվſҪ˵ȴʺһѰס 

˵ʲѾû˵Ļڵӣ;档 

ҡ컹˵ 

У죬ҷڣ 

һ̱տڡɫȴԵý 

ʺЦЦӵסѾˣһǰȥʱѾжʮˣ۾ִԲЦءֻҪϽԿˡ 

ɫ΢ 

ˣʺƿһ˲ĳɡ 

񡭡𣿡ʵԥһ£ûʳڡ 

񡣡ʺƿڴ룬ϸ۾㣬ЦģҲĵطȽҡ 

Ժӵ˼ѹѾãʱ˱ʺƵĸɽӿԼʲʱ򱻱ʺڻҲûע⵽ 



ʺ˵ӱȨ֮ƣϣиͷܶ棬һҲ޲ɡʱģȴһ 

ӵģ˺ӣӲ죿 

ʺתһͷջ˼ȥʱΪＤݵȾһݺΡʵӦҲжʮˣɳ۴Ⱦ˵˿֮Ȼݣ㲣۽ҲǳǳĲۡǰ˵Ϸǳȴ忡󣬸ֱΪ̬֮ӣһζ 

ʺƿ̲ס鶯˫һǡ 

һع֪ؿ 

ʺƼڵ˫¶ְ¹һ̬Ͳס૵ص죬뱧㡣 



ԣһ 

ϸȽԸһЩֻݣʺƱڻԵͻأ 

Ȼ֪˼뿪ܶʱʱ˵ĲҲ̲ס鶯ڣʧȥǸᣬȴˡ 

Уһھܾˡ 

ʺ˫΢УΪʲ᣿˵޴ˡ 

СƿȴƲǸһ˫ۡ 

Ѿˡҵҳһɡ 

ʺĳüȻӣĹϵ޹ء 

ںȻ§ȸԾʱ 

ʺܽ˫ȴڽҪµƬֻ̱䵽ϡʺһ䣬ض 



̧ͷǲӦõġ 

ʺЦһǺӶˣڲ˵ʲӦòӦã 

Դɫһףֱһ£ͻȻǵö˵Ļ𣿡 

ʺһ𣬹ֱ΢΢ɡ 

˵Щ鵱ϲϣҡڣˡһһ٣ص¶ģҪϵ飬ӽᣬ޷Ƿ֮룡 



32 



ʺƶΣѲ⡣첻رܹĿ⣬¸ղ۳עɢ 

죬˵Ļ𣿡ʺƵ䣬ӵζ 

ѵصͷ 

֪ѣܶϵأֻ뵽Ǹսʧȥĺӣʹ֣Ǵġ˵ģǸʧĺʲ᣿ֻĲǸûˣ˵Ҳ޹ʹǶȴ׶һʹٴȥˡ 



ʺָ˸ӣĬΣͻȻЦҲãҪϵøɾǱָǰĹϵˡ 

˵ſӵ˫֡ 

뿪ʺƵĻͻȻоһ˿⡣ȻԼ˵ȴû뵽ʹؾͽˣﲻƵطһʧ 

ȻԼ˵һڡ 

пЦΪ⼸ദ˼ĹϵЩ΢ı仯ڲŷһвΣδŽȻҲںԼǷܾǺεȵĸ߰ǰ䡣 



ˣʺϴµĺڷ־ 

ûСǿЦͬáֻǡ 

ţ 

Ǹ¡ʡ 

ġʺЦЦ˵ĻȻġ 

̧ͷ˿գɫˣҲеϢɣˣõԽ죬Խ 

ػݣͷһۣȴʺȻվĻ¡Ȼһ£ĬĬػȥˡ 

ʺƴᣬԺƳһۣתһ뿪 



Դֵ֪ܹõʺƵ׿ŵԲΪͷþ 

Ҷԭ֪ʺʲ᷽ҩҩҽۼĲѾ˰˳ɣϵĲȻҲõĿˡ 

ֹ˽һ£콥Ҳ˵㡣 

ʺסͬһԺ䣬ÿ춼δἰĻֻж䣬ܻһ˿޵ܣȲܺӣֲҿ϶ 

ʵϱʺҲСΪԽսŵ඼ˡԽǶԶбʺڣԴıˡԱʺҲһֱæٻǷֶ֮񲻶ӿ룬ΰûࡣ 



ʺưīѩëֵǸӰٴᡣ 

鶼ˡ˳һżһĶ 

ʺƽӹһۣһǷⱡֽ㻯ɷĩɢ˿С 

ǸӰҪ£ȴʺƻס 

ȵȣ 

˿졣Լһ㱨ߣδ˵ͻȻסˡ 

к·Ը 

Ҫȥһˡ 

ʲˣ 

ʺתͷЦЦصһǳϤˡ 



ʺ߽Ժһ׽ҶԭҲһԡ 

 

 

ʺƣæ΢ջؽʺǰ 

죬Ӻõ𣿡 

лģѾöˡĽ˹ȥʵ׽赽棬ѾղסֻΪ˺õÿЩ㾡ϰҶԭԿܲǿ 

ѾöˣǽվͿ̻ܶ˰ɣ 

ûõģҲ˵㡣ʺƵһЦҶԭ 

ӽ𣬲һȬġڲ֢ѽתֻδָ·ʱչܵҪۣӦǿԵġҶԭЩѷǳ˽пܶ飬䲻֪ԭΪΣȻ״Ѿת࣬Ӧ;棬õ˵Լ 

˼ֱϲεؿʺơ 

ʺԣ˵ͷˣǾ׼׼ձܶɡ 



ϱʺһšˣ֮ЩӱʺƶһòͣҲǰǰĬϯǳ̸䣬Ǣг 

õһ룬ǷֶͻȻˡ 

μ 

ʲ£ʺƷеĿӡϲòʱ˴ 

Ǹϵˣʮ£òƽƽЩͺΪһѰѱʺƵϲôȴܵضʲˡ 

ܶϹǲʹµ£ԸϽ˵еһɫŷ⡣ɫҪ£䲢δϴĽʹ˸оҪ 

ʺƴŷ⣬óżˣһ 

ʲˣɫʵ 

ʲ£ʺߡֽ죬Щ죬Ǵһ˿ϲɫϲˡ 

˲䣬ɫɷס 



33 



ǵĴϣﷱɣֻ·ڵؤ洦ɼֵҲñӵࡣ 

صؿЩˣߵʧ١ 

ǾҪ̷ܶ档⼸һֱܱʺƣܶҲìܶǡùҩͻȻҪߣʺƲڣȻ˹Ҷԭæ׼ҩĵ£Ҳû˵ʲᣬֻҪǿȥ 



⻪ҲصģΪһ֮ǳʮǰ˾ʱΪ˲Ǳ뻪ǲƷʱ϶һӣרɰްвŪġ릵ȺϲĶڳǳһ°ϣŻпҪ£Ҫˡڻǰ£Ƶȥ󰢸˵һҪĺ棬Ҳͼƽʱᣬֻʮ˾꣬Ǹת˰죬ѡӸеֺЦ־Լһû׵ҲӵĶмΡĽ£ѡһһŮɶԵְɰˡϷǳˣһؿ䵽۹⡣ҲΪ׶еϲʱδʺƣֻԼҲȢ˽ޣޣҲҪ򼸼ĵߡ 

뵽΢΢ǣЦЦɫȴĨȥıˡ 

Ϊ𣬰ϵѲˣ˵ʱҹẢӺʹ˶ûס 

֪ҲǺֻǵôټϣ˶ˣɫ񶼴ģǳƴ 

ˣ 

ϸ䣬Ҳ벻һսġʱԼ˶١ڣԼֵܣҲ֪мúõġ 

Լأ 

Цһ£ǰ龰 



ϲϲ˵ǱϲˣʺƵϲ 

ʺ΢΢һЦлŶ 

ϲʵŵĴϲ£֪ǷҪܶ棿 

ȥ鷳Ŷ׼һ¡ʺƵͷ˳齻ˡ 

ǡ˱ʺƵ˵˼乧ϲĻЦеȥ 

Ҳϲϲ΢ЦϴЩ԰ס 

ţʺӦһüڲסĵϲɫ̱ϾǧѡӣУձüҵĹƣŮǵճĵһӣʺ뵽Ȼϲá 



죬⼸Ҳ׼һ£Ǿ̡ 

ǡղ˲ģʱٶʻĬȻһ 

µ޴󰭣÷ϣʱǷ˵Ҫǵģиϻܶĺá 

أ̻չԼʺƵһЦؿһۡ 

쿴飬һʹͬһӣʺȵҺӿֻǰÿһ̣ߡ뵽һ·ϻҪͨУܡ 

̻չԼ㲻᣿岻ãôҲǴĽѵŮӶ᣿ 

˵ʲζ 

òߵϣʺϾȻһֱǳǳЦ⣬ɼʵڻϲ 

ٷȴʳ֪ζͬʱΪ˷ܶϲʧ٣ƫҪǿԼɫ 

ʺ뿪ǰͻȻΣҪŲסʱ 

죬ʵ㲻ǿԼ 

סδӦӰѾʧ⡣ 



һֱڽɫȻ㱣ʵ̼ˡò׽ľöˣȴֻصµʱȥˡ 

ӣ˵רżӣǲǰǼң 

ʱػ˼Ȼ̧ͷ֪ߵĿĵء 

Ǽǰɰ˸ʽְֺӵߣֻƾɣǽڰ߲˺ܶࡣ 

û뵽Ȼڡ૵صǲ̫ϣѰģϾѾʱʮ꣬±Ǩ˭Ҳ֪Ƿ񻹾Ӫ 

ûʲˣֻһĹµģĻ߹Цǰ˹ӼҸѾӪʮ꣬ǰЩ˼ȥˣҲãˣӾҪ̳ȥˡпϵģ㾡ǿŴ 

һ˵ģؼʮǰʱȷһλѮµھӪʱ˼һ˵ÿλһְԼĺּ޳ȥһ 



쿴ϰĸʽߣԼҲ֪Ҫʲᡣ 

ҪСүǧģ 

ţһ㶣ګګصǡкӡ 

ԭСү˰ǸӵСϰһ߰кӵһʵ 

˸˰ɡͷ 

Ӵǿ·ˡСϰصҼǸСӾʮʱѧ·ģã˵ϸ 

ӹһǸƯߵСģϵСĲͬΪ£Ƥϻӡˮ׹ҡڹϣġˡ 

СϰӣЦӣ˸µĺáѧ·ɿأ˵ڵǰƼ 

һĵ˵һСĲŪ 

ѧ·ģ 

ཱུС֣һҡһڵ龰ϲ¶һĨ΢Ц 



34 



ӣ󰢸Ҳһ˰ɣСүͿˡ 

ǸСϰƼ£һְǸŪġ 

ϰ彫װһȥӹһֱǸСģЩ֣Ž˻ 

ѾࡣֻҪ뵽Щʱı飬㶼Ҫˡ 



˳ԭ·ߡ 

뻪ǷֶʵԶתֽǾ͵ˡ·϶־ͷһҵ̣ͻȻͣ½Ų 

ǼӵһֺǸȥɡ 

ðµദ춼˽⵽ҶԭϲʳȻһ˴󶼶֮лȴж 

ǰŶӵ˳һţĺûг¯ 

Ȼˮǵĸ˼ȴ˿Ӱ죬ԺվɡǰŶӵģһǴ˼ҵѾۣȻһϰӦ궼Ҫߵ۾Ͳˣλݳ޵ĵġ 

ӣȥ򡣡 

ϸĵ쵽ԽֵĴµȵͷɹԼŴҴȥŶӡ 



쿿£ļ΢󴵹ʪˮ˿ȣ˿ྻ 

 



һСӰͻȻײ˹Ļ컹δҪܿȴһѱסعͷȥЦЦؿһֻղĽ 

ǸСӰһƴҪѽȴҲѲˡ 

º͵ؿ£Ҳ˺㡣 

ǰССкֻʮһ꣬һ˫Ĵ۾ʱ˸ɡǿһ˿ֻšԼʱڽСкûˣʱᱻһЩʹؤ۸ʵڶüʱҲ͵顣 

һϧǲǶӶˣ 

ǸкȻֻҧ촽ŵؿ 

ӸղűߵĽͳһӡ 

㣬ȥ㶫ԡ´γԱ£Ȼܲġ 

к˫ۣԾص 

ЦЦ 

⺢һʱȴﲻһ»ضӶˣҵ͵ģûа취¡ֻϣҪͨϣ´ܵÿ㣬ҪץΣҪ컯ˡ 

Ǹ˿ɣƵЦݣֽ˹ 

ſ֣ͷ߰ɡ 

кʹһ˿Ĺâϧû 



಻ʱķȥץסǸ͵ԵСк֪סõĴ󽫾¶Ǹк³çΪеЦ 

͹٣һ֣Ǯӡ 

ֵ㾹ȻҪǮӣҲֺֻŵӲóˡ 

һ߰Ǻڵ꣬һ߸ǮúöĴѲӰ 



ˣʺüȻһ糾ȻʧվԼǰԽ 

ԽһơսǷ飬ֱôҶԭᶪǰսܻ 

Ȼһɿ˵ǸɴҲ˵ġ 

Ϊ´󽫣ӽ 

ˣ 

ҵõϢأѾ书õĸǱ˻ǣͼӽҪأͻȻǰܵ׵شƵһոǳءõϢӱ޵׷أܵĽŲĸѾ졣 

ʺԣһղŹµ˵ʱȥˡ 

ֻԽ˵εĿĻһҪԱϼɽ֮𣡡 

ŶǱҪúƣʺһЦһ˿Ȥζ 

һˣ˳ȥӽ˵м£Ͻ 

Ӧȥ 

Խüͷһ壺ӽȥ𣿡 

Ҫ˸أʺ˵ƽǲ֪Ϊʲᣬ¾̲סšղ˵Ҫ첻ĵһӦȻҪǸ˽ڻκ˺һ˿һ 

Խ˵ᵭ˵˸ȴȥңЩٶʧȥ˼յ侲 



ʺƶյٳٲأЩ͡ʵӦûʲ󰭣룬ȴǲ 

ʺƣұһֱ˸أǣǽ˳Ǿʧټ˵Ҫӽܶˣ·һҪСġ 

ţʺĲɵӦֻȥҸ˶ȴһյĹѡ 

ڴʱ˻̻ŵ˽ 

ӽ˵ڷֶ⣡ 

ʲᣡԽ󾪡 

ֻ꣡һѰȥʺеĲյѱ÷飡 



35 



ǰһѲ˱ӰһˮƮɢɷĩĲյкд档 

ûüӦһҲ֪١ 

ˣղϹĶ̲סʢĵİ£ݺݵش˸£ 

:http://www.51txt.net/bbs/

أʺƵ䣺 

˾綾ֱһֱθҶԭ취ⶾˡ 

أѾ˹鼱֮Ҳ˲ʲæ϶ؽ򵥵 



ԭһ֣ѲӰ֪æƾ֮˵Ѱټȥ׷һ 

һڣһϮ̱Ƕ̼ᴩȫһ˲֪ð˳֡˲Ķֻ֣˰мܲסͻȻƳһɨʧڹսǡ󼱣ƴһƣ˺׷˹ȥȴӰ֪ϵˡ 

һ·׷ȥǶѱȫƾһ֮һ죬ӲȥҲƲһϻطֶ汨ţ˭֪յſڱ㶾ء 

ʲᶾʺҶԭ 

ǵ˵̣شԽ˽ѾãȻǵļ塣ֻɫڣ鼱Ƥϸɫߵ㣬̱֪ˡ 

ֶȻԾң죬ѽ⡣ֻҪԡ 

֪ԽĻҶԭͻأشˡɫ֪ΪΣ໹ҪѿϹȻ׼õĽҩȥ 

ȻǸĹʺɫ߹ȥһһ˽ȥһܡƬᣬȻŻһںѪȻشϡ 

ࡢл»ȥѪ°² 

˵ˡ²㣬Ⱥú˰ɣʺ뿪ԽȥǰҶԭһۡ 



أ߲ƣֻӽΣ 

⻰˵ʺҲ֪ʱļ٣ȴ֪Լʧ侲ոء 

ȻҶҵˣи̣ұؽȫᣡ 



Խ° 

ʺʮ񹦴֮ޣһɱ˱ǴʱɢŨɱ˵Խվµ˶оˡ 



ͷʹѡ 

һΡʪ֮Χûд⣬ֻһСڡ谵͵ɢһ˷ֱ治ҹһƬţǱһĹ 

һԼûˣϢȴѪ˳յڹ֪١ʹĶͷʼ䷢ʲ¡ֻǵһ̣ǸСؤעʱһ̣֮Ӿͻججģ룬ҲǵԼġ 

ͻȻŲţһ򿪣˽ 



쿴ȥǰĿ࣬׳䣬۾ɫģһ֪ԭˡͣªĵһվ̸оռСˡһ£ɫ𪣬۾͸ѪĹâһ˷С 

ӽ֪˭𣿡ΪʵĿ絶ֱȥ 

ĬĬΣһһ³ĸ֣Ὣأܣ 



36 



㻹еأЦ 

üص˵ǵһ󽫣˱ƲĳΪӣһȻǼ治 

أɫһ䣺ڳЦˣֶΰɣ 

ңֻսɳˣжԹսϽʹֲֶΣʵĳʧ֮ 

ߣ㲻ǵ˲Ųԭǰϲװǻơأĺϸϸ˵ 

أɱ֮ܲӽȴսϿҲ׷ 

һЦĳݺɳ꣬ɱ˸˾֮زز˵ĳ֪λܡɱģǵзѣս֮ϲһʿҲ 

ӽǱµĵһ佫벻ڳݻҲ֮ҵҲעͷĸ汾úдӽĪҪŰ 

˵һЦת뿪 



쾯ؿˡһЦ߽ 

ӽؽţҲԿͷģ෴һҪǵĺҩдء˵һסĺһҩȥ 

칦ʧ޷ҩ˳ʺ룬ڼδθûټ 

ӽǵɡҩ˵Ƕȴղܡǣҩɽ⡣˫ٺЦᣬ²ǼҪҩǿιأҩһһͻᡮ̥ǡˡ 



һ 

ŵ˵ҩΪܹʴ˵־ʹ䣬񫡣ƹȾƣĹȶһ㣬ȴ֮öࡣЩֻ˵ëпɽȴҩ˵񾭣ᣬһղһ㡣 



Ǹ뿪ᣬ˵ǽǣƴҩŻȴһˮûС 

ʱȫʧ޷˹ųڶأֻҩȫƬ֮ᣬ־Ȼľ˻ƮƮģҪ죬˵ 

 



ʺƽĿǰյϢһ£ȷأǻδ뿪ǣȻǱڳĳǸأǵˣԭ࣬ΣֻҪڳУػᱻŵ˷֡ 

ʺЩ֡ǵĿҪץסӦ뿪ȻŵĵϡȻضĿġҲԴ󵨵Ʋ⣬Ӧû 

ⲢʺƵĲһҲȲסֻϽҵ졣 

ͻȻһϢƮʺ뿪ԺĽ䣬һӰѾ 

ӽϢ 

ʲᣡʺ̺ȵ˵ 

·֮٣׷ӽټڣһ˶֡๦֧طֶ汨š±Ӧȴӽ֮¿¸ΪҪţǸᡣ 

ʺû뵽Ĳջ 

Ǻںδͣţ 

ڳһΪׯ԰ 

ã죬ͱһˡ 



Сԭ 

ңҶԭȡԭʱЩŤ 

ⲻĴԽķȥס 

㶮ʲᣡ㶮ʲᣡȥɢɢģΪ˸һ֣ӽӦúͱ뿪ˡᷢ¡ 

Ȼ۵СɵԴתͷ 

ʹǽ첻ȥʹǲһ֣ǸأѾ߻˺ܾãһҲԸġ 

㲻ҸǻᣬΪҡҶԭ˵ȥˡʣ 

һ˵Ļ֪첻֪Ѿòʳõһ֣Ҷԭ޲һͷײ 

ǻҵӽģµģԽᰲοˣʱҲ֪˵ʲãֻ֪뾡ҵ죬ȻСɵһںޣ԰Σ 

ҶԭгûڣҲ˲Լ˭ĻйƵͷ 



37 



ҶԭԽһȶͻȻָǣͻһƿţǺûˣ߰ɣ 

û𣿡ԽЩġ 

ġ㲻ùңڿЩҵӽ£ 

ãˣ̫ࡣ 

ҶԭͷֱԽӰʧԺ⣬תݡ 



ԽԺãæӭ 

˵õӽϢղżˣ 

Խӹżһüͷ 

еĸӡ 



ҹ»ǰԤʾ첻Ǹ 

ׯģֻݵһյ͵ƣػ 

һͨòͨũׯ԰ʢʱʱæµʱ̡ʱʱڣϲ£յûʲ˾ס 

һɫӰ̴̵سԺ˿ԼһҹĺĻǶ᲻г 

ԺפƬ̣ߵǰͻȻһȥŰߵ÷顣 

˭ʲˣһϵŻŵشܳŵӣһ 

㡢ʲˣҪʲ᣿ 

ǰؿأ 

ʲ᣿ 

ҪڱǰװͿأ 

ʺٿڽһѶסߵĲɾͽ 

˵ 

ȿȡҡҲ֪ɫǵͨ죬żǿ棬ܺ˵⼸Ҫһ㡣 

ʺЦһõֶǲ˵ˡ 

һѽˤȥ˵ǽʺƳֿ磬һҪѨ᳹ȫ಻ԡ 

ʹôС 

ʺؿ̧ҽţıҪȥһȥ˱ض׵ȫ飬ѡ 

ᴫһϵ 



ʺعͷȥأܡ 

þòأЦ 

δ㣬þ֮˵ 

أܱɫȻո˵󣬾ҹһ˴ 

ղѽΧһ飬ȷֻбʺһˡ 

أܽҲСأȻĿŵǱԽ׸֪Ϊأ 

أһݣ֪֪ЩʲᡣͻȻЦˣ֪кιɣ 

֪ʣ 

ĪΪ½ӽ֮£ǿˡ롱֡ 

 

ģӽúܺãǲţȥ 

ʺ˫΢Уض 

أͻȻЦ˵ٶ֣ȴ֪ǵ˵İɢأ 

ʺһԼ˯ð־Щɢ 

㡭ʺŬصֿԽԽǿҵ˯⣬˯Ȿ˵빦رأεơ 

أЦΪ˺úдӽ¿׼˲ٺö 

ʺӻһΣȻأ˯ȥ 

ĺã 

̯ڵϵ³һŨѪڵϣǽǶıɢͿĨϵ⡣ȻƾʲƻɣҲ벻ġ 

أûƨߵʺǰýһߣתϵѨ 



һ󵭵ɢأü 

ϸñʺƿǷڻ谵ɫҫ£һ㵭ӫ⣬򾲵Ŀݷһ֮ɫ 

أͻȻЩڸɣ 

ߣһ֣˳ᣬղαװߵһ³ؽʺ̧أʧںҹС 



һӰ֮û 



38 



ҩҲ֪ʲʱ򡣵ڶģյ͵ѾȼִյģɼϨһʱ 

ȫӻЩѣҩĲࡣ¹һʱ䣬ѹһҹ 

ϸ۲ΡϵǸСӿ˵ܲ͸硣˿ǽ򵥵ľԱ߻һС͵Ʊ档һªĲʢˮͷǽǽȻ˵ġֻǵûк 

һܵĵΣһһϦģҲأһһǾҵģɼȻ˽ӦַǳʱڽӦ˵ˣҪڻһȨƣ»ͼı 

εˣֻнСݣƶϳڵϺǽڶſƬ̣ϣʲᡣϧȫʧ޷̫ 

Щ֡أܵԹץΪ˸ܱܵ𡣼Ȼˣβʹ죬ƫҪ쳣ֶα˵ιʳΪ˿˵־ѵַԼ 



ӻһǸǸŪġָḧ桢׹һһ飬¿ʹ 

أΪɾܿʹشˡԾҲᱻõģͼҩʴ־ 

ǲһ̣ǲЭġأץĿģҪһԽڵݾƵĵὫкδ㣡 

ԼʧӦҲһաԭļƻǽӦ뿪ǣܶ档·;˳ԼʮɵִʱͿԼˡ 

ڣһжͻȻңɼΣ 



֪ʲ᣿ 

Լʧ٣ǷᵣģǷѰԼ 

ƣؿľϣ˼ͻȻŲ߽ 

СķŻػ쿴Ŵ򿪣Ǹ˶һʳ 

ٺ٣ӽɵζΣǲ 

û 

˾԰ʳ̷¡ 

Щʳûжӽܺúɣ˼飬һЦ㲻ûϵܲ㡣õڶɣӽܲסŶ˵ת뿪 

СԿЩʳһֲ׷һˣûбġ 

˵ĻȻţҲ֪ɵ 

Ҳ֪ҩɷΪΣ㷢ޣʮ˶һ㣬ȴһֱڴϵġ֪Ե㶫ֻİסֻ׷ˣȴһδ 



ùûãٴŶ룬Ƴ˿һۣ˵ָιһҩȥ 

ӽúܣкϷ㿴Цˡ 



ǰ뿪˵ǽǣʺŻһ鲼 

ԭһ˺赲ҩԡֻΪ±˷֣鲼ʺŻʱЩҩԱգҲǱز⣬֪Ƿ񻹻ᷢЧá 

콫鲼ǽǷ϶ãشϡ˵кϷԼܲʲ£Ȼ֪Ҫʲᣬ羲䡣ֻǻ˵飬ЩľܾⳡϷ»һѡ 



*************************** 

裬˿̡ܽů顣 

ڳļԺѰѰһ޹һ㣬Ļ 

ţٳһŰŮ˲һѣι 

˶磬ĹԽԽˣ̵治˵ķЦ 

˼ҶΪ˶붼Ҫźǡ ǣöͷˡ 

ǸѾѰˣ㻹᣿ 

᣿һԹı飺˶Ҫˣ 

˼ҲŲأ˼ҰǲԶҪء 

㶨ǿǼһˣǲǣȻŮ˰ΰ 

ᣬԩ˼ҡ겻ᴷ˼ҰҲǰɾ 

عһЦһģȥҰн 

ЩԹһۣȴǹԹԵȥˡ 

վ½һϵ߳ů 

ų̊һһֵֻצϹһɫ˿Ʈ 

زײüֻ̧̧֣㡱֦ڿն˿Ʈ䵽ϡ 

ζƵذŪΣͻȻ΢΢һЦҵĴۣǺܴġ 



£ɫ 



39 



Ųٴδһأܡǵ󽫣书񲢲ܸߣŲļơǸмֹ 

ڴδأܺͺãеӣأЦһ 

ӽܲסڶˣ 

ϲĺǣˮһ֣ͳͳõϡһɫ΢ΣЩѹ 

أһ֣˹һѴ³ؽק߳⡣ 



ȫһ·Ǳߵġ 

ǼٵģֵġڶȻŻ鲼ϣҩڼܵ죬нɵҩˡοڶҪȵһʱѸ٣鸡Ի֮ٴϮ 



֮һڰȡʪģǽڶɢںÿǰ·أܺͺ˴תתǼԶˡ 

ԽԽľ 

һĵΣһһϦɼڻȨƲҪ˵ε˸ָһ㸻˼ңŴ󻧣Ϊ˷ֹС˰ͳѰ𣬶ǻصĵط׼ѺСΡӵ˴ģĵˣѰˡ 

ս£Խ̬ȣԼˮ֡ 

･ӿһĲ²⡣ 



ʯףһĵΣյƣӳ÷ 

һʱסδӺڰӦ 

ſ˫ۣһΣоɵҩƺеĻҪ 



ǽڵʮϣǸɫӰ 

ֽűסȾѪǱ׹˺ۣЩطƤ¶ǣĿġ 

ϵŰȣʹǷⲻƵĮ 

ʹǱľأɲֺԼҵλϣʱԷʩһӦ 

һ˲䣬أܾȻĴ 



Щ΢ɵѯʡ 

̧ͷһ˿ײϲ 

죬ˡ 

ǰټǧȥ÷Ժ밲ʱһ䡢ƽ 

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ʲ᣿أЦӦøеҲǡҿǵõҩд´أ 

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ݺݼȥʺԭδ˿ϼˣʱֱѳѪڡʺȴ۲ضأպ޵ӰΣͻȻ 

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ҡأסŷԼΪͷԡͣ±ӣЩ޴롣 

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֪˶ãҩԺͼȥ侲ͷҲѡ춲ϵı仯оһȫŷȻ𽥻ָˡ 

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̷ȴΪжͣǰһڣԵ 

ȣղŷ𽥸Ժ 

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ᱻץѵѵΪ˾Լ䵽زⲻ硣 

Ȼղŵļǡ 

Ҳ硣롣 



ѵ̫˼ұҩס 

츧˫ΪղŲ֪صļѾʱᴥʱеһʹʹڵڸղŷ²Σһжġ 



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ղǼѾȥһʱˣ 

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ܿͽˣæɻشϡ 

šॡһ򿪣һӰ˽ 



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ŵĴԷΪ߱־ɫĴأɫĴϹ̣ɫĴԽɫģʺƣ 



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ɵԽᣬҪô˻Ὣһ򾡣 

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ٹһʱͻǰӦʱϣܶ档 

Ƿֵֶأ 

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ƾղŵļ䣬ܿԹҵ˹ѺʺƵĵΡ 

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Ҳһ 

˭סңʺס쿴 

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תȣоѺԼ෴ 

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Ӧһڡʺڸղ˶ӹһֻȡŶ֮ΣûвأΪǷ񲻶ʧƽյľ 

ʺƼȻѾ֪Ҫ֪ĶԲΪһɢκεǴʩչ֮׵Ǽ˶ĴȴĶ֣װѡ 



Ȼ·߽ǽҲͻȻʺһס죬˻ظղžһСİǡ 

αͽխҲֻһǰУ˲жǿοǸǡȿ֪ 

֪ĹԶԼ֮ϣضǰʲᶯ䣬ӵԼ밼ǡ 



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죬Ű𣿡ʺƵ򣬴ĶϢҲ֮ 

һս伫򶨣ȴֲסġ 

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˵Ǹʲҩʺ˵𱸵Ļȴ˼ૡ 

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˵ʺͻȻ۽ա 

޴ɶ㡣 

ǡҳˡɡ 



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Ȼֻ˶̶̼ʱȴúһڵһʹѵĸоҲ־֮еǸǡǼҪԵΣѡ 

еĵġǡʹʱͳͳΪһǡ 

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찵졣 

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Щ֣ûδ˳֡ϸȥİֻǶƳĺ 

ỹδ˳֣ 

ʲˣʺƵ˫ĥɳգһ顣 

ʲ᣿㵡 

˵᣿ʺƵЦЦ 

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뵽ԼڻæҪ 

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һ˵ܵһ𣬸о 

֮ 

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[ǵö˵Ļ] 

[Щ鵱ϲϣҡڣˡ¶ģҪϵ飬ӽᣬ޷Ƿ֮룡] 

֪ʵʲᣬԺ̸ֳܾĻʱҲ˻ǷĻ 

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쿴Ļһ޿ɶΡҧҧ춳ˣǡĻ 

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Ϣ͸¶ɽζһһʱδ˼ 

ʺȴףͻȻſ߳ǡ 

죬ɣ 



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뿪ĻͻȻһ庮ĻٿǸǰӰȴһ 

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ʶ⣬Щң֪ûпղšӡ 



ʧְδܴӽ뿪쵥ϥ¹ 

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ԭ굽ڣˣһֱ׷Լ 



ʺѾԼľϵ΢仯һжǴ˵Ҫ뿪ʼġ뿪ܶᣬԼЩ겻ᣬѰ»ĽޣҲ޷οãġ 

ֱսһܺͣظϵߣ·̤ʵԭ֪У˵ĴȻңҪ 



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죬ʲ᣿ 

ڳн䱸ɭϣӦϽ롣 

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ʺƼɫʵ죬˼ 

һ롣콫˵һ顣 

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ҲӲ֮⣬ʵûбİ취 

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ʺƵͷ˵ӰܿʧããҹɫС 



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ŷֶڻפ֧꣬ڣ죬һϦ֮ȫߡڼȻԽͻΪ˱ŵȫȫ룬ԽֵѾһ˱߾;ǻźţ硣 



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ܵҪ˵ʲζֻý޷Լ˫ָ߬׶ٽѪҲĸ 

ʺƼ־ʼңʹҲڼӾ磬ܲסԷܻԲΪ̲ס汧סʹ˫ȭסԼ֡ 



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սɳһΣʱ̱־ѵϰߡԼѾƣȴܿתѹ 

ȫʹ̣ؽڴӲʪһ㡣 

ѵس壬СϪвͬѰˮѭ˹ȥ 



⣬ҫ峺ϪˮϣԲ⡣һ޳Ӱͦ㣬Խˮ棬շڿлһĻߡ 



ʶֵסǰԵؿǰľɫһʱԻΪдϷء 



ˮеǱƬ̣ٴð㷢˦Уһˮ顣 

죬ˡ˿ԵЦݣ£Խ 



쿴ʺ¶ˮϰӲ뽡ǣδȬı޺ۣҲһҰԵ𺳡 

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ʺͻȻһ֣һʴ 

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쿴ʺֻ㣬米ĺڷӵǰأ¶ýᱳĲ 



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ЩšƿǣҩΪĨϡЩ̺飬֪Ƕٱޣгʱһŭȡ 

ģ 

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ʲ᣿˭Լµĺۼ뵽ۼʱ龰ɡ 

ٴηɺ 

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ʺٵ˫΢΢һЦҶʲἱ졭 

Ƴһܵζģһء 

ʲ᣿ 

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ǺᡣϸϸػĴ꣬һһ㣬ǳֹ㡣룬ڴͷ 

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аŭľԲһ 

ڣǡҲ֪˵ֻ߸˵ʲᡣ֮Ӧûµ²Ŷԡ 

ʲ᣿ʺƲΪͷȥͻȻһ˶һ 

ѭȥԭ㣬һδ͸һ㣬صڵĴһ£һ 

㶵ؿѾ׶ǵķ㣬Ƭ̣Ц 



㣡ʺﰵһ 

ȻնѾƻˣʺƱվ·ãʪĳĴ߶ºܿˡ 

ղűһϻĸоҲЩյġûʲ󰭡 

վ˶ʰãЩ֦ 



47 



޸ɾ࣬ϪߵˣŵϿֻƬ̣ 

ζǲ죬ԽԽˡʺƴӲĸ 

΢΢һЦСֳѳԵʳﶼܱʳ¶ǵգȷʵǲġο˶ʵ㡣 

ǸóˡΪҩԷĹϵѾ˴г̡ 



ʺƿɫȷʵѾˡڳӦøϵõ 

콫ͣĺۼɾɽȡǱʺȴֱԽߵı߾ȥתС 

ȥ 

ʺ΢΢һЦ𻰣ֻǿӱޣǰ· 



һ·򣬳۵ɫ谵һɽ¡ 

ɽתתȥɽѰһεɽʺԾ 

ҹޣչһƥ˵ʩչṦת۲֪١ 

콫ƥϵã߽ɽһĻҳЩɲϡ˿ܣʰЩɲ 

ʺƻʱֻҰãӸʰ 



ͣʺƶ 

죬 

߳ɽһɽǰɽǺܸߣɽȴʮվƺȥЩյ˵ȴʲᡣ 

ɽһܶʺƲŨܵһһ˰ߵĶѨЩұ׹⣬ü· 

첻ԣһֱڻ谵ɽǰƬ̣ͻȻȴ˲ 

죬㿴ʺƶǰ涴¾Ȼһ¶ȪȪˮӵӿ̧ͷȥƺǰǣֻе¹ҿգǹľɫ𺳡 



ȪֹĹЧкô 

΢΢Ծᷢģ 

ҷֵģֻû뵽ҵˡ 

Ƕطֵġ˷ˣܲʱ룬ﶼȥһżȻ䷢ֵģ֪ʲʱԱʺ 



ʵҩ񫷢ʱʺƾڿˡ߾ʵǿ´ζٷҲ֪γŵסɺ޵ҩ޷ɽ⣬֪ҪζܳװҩԵ 

ϪǱˮʱʺͻȻһ𶫷˵Ȫ˵ԽⶾкôĹԽĽ紦ֻ˰ʱ 

ʺƴӱˣֺáƾصǵһȻãҵˡ 



죬ȥݰɡ 

 

ΪѵؿʺơʵȪʱѾ̲סĶҪ֪ǰأץסڣֱѺǱϻ亹ĶһΣʱķǳúݡֻվߣο½ 



ʺ֪Ϊ΢΢һЦ 

һɽ㡣˵ת뿪 

Զˣ춰ͲסȪ 



ӿȪˮΧסëϸӿ룬һһƼҪ 

壬ˮУ䣬ƺ˲١ӿһʹܿ㻺ȥ˵ʡɴ೹׷ӣˮڳظֻʣһԴƮˮϡ 

ģģ䣬Ժиֳָ뷨ЩʱԲ顣硭Ϫԡʱ㡣 



ں˼䣬ͻȻоһϤϢæعͷȥȴʺվڳر߿½ 

ˣִһʲ᣿ 

ղ˴ϴʺָָԵİԼȪҲͻȻȪ 



첻Ե̫ţϾһȪûʲֵġոջ컷⣬ٴλĳǰʵЩԲ 

ǰϰȪط󣬷ĵطǱߣҪ߾ 

СŲʺһߵĵطͱһץס 

ȥɲУҪһ۹ؼᡣ 

쵹һһ㻬 

ˣѾݺˡƴѱʺץסָҲ˦ѡ 

죿Ѿзӳˣ 

δ¶ļ粿ӣзһ㡣 

ⱲӴûѿǰʱҲա 

Ȫ׼˵οղһֱģ 



ʺ֪Ѿ鶯סߡ˫ǰ죬ؼ 

Ƥ˵Ϲϸ壬Ǽ֮䣬ˮιƾԸСʺƺ⣬ָᴥǰļ飬ϢĶϡ 

죬صشˣأ 

Ҳܲסˣһᵹ뱱ʺƻ 



ʺٵ˫Ķҧ 

죬֪˵ĲĻʵҪģ𣿡 

챻ȪûѾˣģģӦһ 

ʺƽתڳرϣ¸ȥЦ 

Ӳˣ̺ܾˡ 

ǺǰˣоµֲǴ˼֣æ˫ۣ˵Ҳٿһۡ 

ʺƹ촽ૣ 

ģ㡣 

˵ֿ޳˫ȣ̽ȥסķоһָʼصػָָĦ 



48 



Աʺ֮ʱҧס´û 

ʺһķһ渲˫ͷյĴ꣬ 

죬˵ˣҪǿԼ 

ſ죬ֱ 

˽һȵȪˮƺҪڻһ㡣籡ȥȣʺƵļͦѾڴ 

ʺס죬˫ȸ߸߼𣬻Լϡ 

ҪЩţʵǡ 

ʺǰס졣һָѾ˽ȥ 

ȫһؼн˫۽סʺƵļ米ֿȪرߡ 

ʺ˫Σָһ 



ʵʺ֪ŵסû˱˽ǰˣҲû˱Ľ 

ҲͲסʺƳָ˽ȥ 

һ¡ǸµѨڲûȫ򿪣Ȫ£Ѿܶࡣ壬һ㽫ķȫ¡ 

ʺƾԼĽ˳Ϊȫﻹ̣һײ֮£ֱû 

˿͵ץ米ʺҲ˲ñģ 



ڱʵ֮޷ÿһβ붼¼ѣĿУʱȴĺҪůҲܾһ㡣 

ʺƱһЩǴ˿ȴҲͣ쳣Ѹ 

˵ĶңȪˮͣĲڶƶԽ̼˱˴˵ 

һʱ䣬ɽ컷ޡ 



ʹϢϴ³ﴫ߳㽻ϵڽ»ϴ 

ʺѹڳϣһҵض¾εͷ¡ãƺֿɼ 

ɣ˫΢ţ岻ͣؾϢ³е 

쩤ʺƻͻȻң 



ϵͻȻǰԵؿпǳ˫˸ɣ˳ʱȻ¡ 

Ǹһ£纮÷꣬Ǹ߸꣬ǸӳǬ£ɢ¹⻪꣬ʱ˿̣ѻΪһǿߣǰ 



 

ʺơ 

ʺơ 

ȥоµȣƺȪҪ 

ʺƽѹ£סĴ 

ҧɣҵ˱ۣԺЩģģ뵽˹ֵǸҲ 

˵ÿһ缡һ𣬻ĥɶ 

ʲᶼ롣죬죬ֻ֪ʱ˿ָ̣߽Ȼ£õˡ 



۹Ѫķָߩ 



ʺƿԼеˡѾ˵£ΪἸγУ춲ظڼм˹ȥ 

ʺƾѶûֹ۶ٴζҪֻ벻ͣҲ쳣˳ӣ˵ϵ޼䡣 

㱱ʺƽҶԭĻ֪ڵѲʺУͨŮӵķҩֶЧÿͷ̳κ˶δй 



뵽ʺƽڻУϸϸüۣԽԽúʮФ 

ѪԵֶǲ˼顣ӵӰӣҲӰӡӣϵһ 

ʺ̲ס룬ܺмӣǺεȵ¡ 



ؽʱĶڻзʺٴνȪС 

֪ʵѾƣԵʣȪȷʵԻⶾжصĹЧ첢δо̫ʹ࣬ûȫѹʱҲϴζ࣬ԼֻһʱƽϢȥ 



ſɬ˫ۣԼȪɽֻ£ѱεȡ 

س壬ȫȴһ 

½䣬¶ȪûļԼİ߰ߵۡ 

ؿЩĺۼҹĻơ 

ʵڡ̫ˣ 

ֳסڶߡ 

ȻԸģ˷£붼ûġ 

Ҳݵε´̼ҲϪԡɷϣϲ鰮ΪǸ˲Ǳˣʺơ 



ǵԼĶַˣǸоȴϻɺܶ࣬ƺһֱȪԡ 

վȴɡܲʺƵӰǻϢɽȥˡ߳Ȫɽɽ 



49 



صԭȵǸɽƥʳݣʺվҹԷ 

ʲ᣿ 

ʺƿЩ˼ګګİڰָ֣ϵĶ 

ұѧһζҰζŪˡ 

쿴ϵǽ壬ЩЦʺһһλȻҰ¶ޣȴδԼЩ¡ϵ¹ѾȥƤ֦ϣϧȴýڡ 

߹ȥ¹ơ 

ҪȥһֻˡʺƿԼġʵھö 

ˣֻܳأЦЦڵĲָ¶ʣ˷Żػٿ 



ʺ£һæ 

ǰҲģжʱЩ´ֲġ 

죬û𣿡 

š 

ʺ֪ԼҹЩ޶ȣȴʲ᲻˼һֱҪģھӪﱧʱ֪ˡٵڻǱ°ߣʺ춳ϣںˣںĳ̶Ѿ 



ʺƳ߹󣬴СܵͳϿĽԼȷĿĴ㡣ĿǰΪֹֻжĸ飬ԤơȻҲǡǶһ˵ʲˣΪԼһһϲ£οǼ̳˱üѪĳӡʺѽǸӣһǸӻصӦеĹϡǣȴͬˡ 

ʺ֪Լ顣֪һˣԼ£ǶǶ顣ǰҲԣˡѾˣʺƱ޷˵ԼαװȥǴ£ȴ׽ 



죬ͣٻȥǴûйġ 

ʲ᣿һͣԣţӦþϻܶȥңԽڱ߾𣿡 

ﻷΣױ֡Թ˲ϾҲ̫׷ǡŵԼʺƵһЦֻź˵ģûӦ 

СüͷΪʲҪͣ 

ȪǶͦЧᣡʺƵĻشһᵭ 

ȥ죬ȴתͷȥ 

᣿˵ʲ᣿ʺ׷ʡ 

ղһɲЩĶЩ⡣ 

ѾûˣҪΪµĴ¡ǻӦþȥϡ 

ʺƿȥߣ˷ķ¶ϵĺۣ÷ϣǶĳݺۡʺĦɳ̾ 

̶Ȫá 

ŮˣˣһֹϵȻȻҲ⡣ 

û˵רĵĿ¹ֻЩҡ 

ʺΪԲԸԼ˴£ֵ 

죬㲻ҪǿԼɣ֪ʱܰҩԵһڿⶾȪβ˶ߡѵҪ·Ҫ֪ܶ棬Ҳ취԰ˡ 

콫͸¹ȡ£˺һ¹ȵ˹ȥ 

ˡ 



˹Ȼɽ֮ס졣ҹҹȥǸȪˣʺٲøȪ𽵹һ 

˻֮£ܾ֮ѶҡֱʺƱƳĻҲԼ⡣ǸˣȻҲ˵˾ˣʱҳϡĽԹ֮춱ʣοһ 

챾ǸЩ۵ˣȻ֪ԼնҲնϵᣬɽһζȥˡ 



ʺ§Ȫرߡ⼸ﵹǵϢ֮ 

ǲûȥ˰ɣ 

ܼȥ𣿡 

ĬȻӣ뱱ʺһʲҲ룬ʲҲùǣ˵һӣܻȥֻЩ£Ҫģ 

ʺҲҪشֵ 

ϵĶǽòˡӣҲûȥˡ֪Ǽ׼ˣһ䵹 

ȪˮȷʵЧжյĽݣϱʺƵɵҩЧɢȥ߰˳ɡ 

㻹Ҫء 

죬Ըһܶ𣿡 

һ£ȴֻһץס 

Ƕ֮ΪҪ 

죬ʱ㲻㡣ʺںڵķ̾ᰮңһȴ˵ֻԸĬĬغԸ㣬㵹Ҫˡ 

ȻǺһƿ֣˹˹ص˭˭˵ʲᣡ 

ʺƴƬ̣ͻȻЦһӵס 

죬ʱѵ㻹벻𣡡 

ԼˡΣգģǴĵӿһɵҸ 



߳ɽͷȥһֻۣɽĹȪɽ̣һ㱡ɴҸҲƮ翵Ũһ㣬ʼһӰ˿С 

߰ɣʺһȳ⣬īѩɱ 

ޣᡣ 

ڶհǱԤƵոϵ߾ȴŵľ档 



50 



һ߾ƮȻǵԽһ棬ȻƮŵķ죬Ǹģȴһɫľ죬ġġ֣ 



찵һĹ 

ѽѽ˳ٵˣ 

Υ٬ں̬ȡûͷ֪˭ 

һ֧СֶӳǽӽĹĴ˸ո 



£ǱԤƵ죡Խǰõص 

ѽ˾ͺˣܱȿյһð 

еµһ¡ʺ赭дػشţת򶫷أ׼ʱ 

ѵңҪ㼸ӡЦ 

ʺƵһЦͷԶԽϺõķ͵ߣѵ᲻ᡣ 

ʼ磺ǿɲһֻû뵽󷽡Ȼˣұ㲻ˡʱɱڰ 

Ȼڣʲʱ 

Խǰǣ˺ˣҪҪȥϢǺһԲߣ 

ʺƿ˶һۣص·;ЩۣȥϢһ¡ 

ػӻ֣һʿȥϢ 



ǲ붫ʲЭ飿ֻжʱʵ 

ǡʺƼɫأȤĻ²¿ 

ж꣬أϸ緢ԼλҲΪ˽⡣ 



ϹȻںŵʵȨߣʵȴҰĵˡִţֻΪ桢θУòΪ֮ 

ԽΪ˲˿֮УʵȨ˵񽭺˵Ľˡ 

ʣλ뱱ʺơ 

Լ쵱ȻΪ˽⡣Ը߰Ϊ˵Į룬ƶκ¶ȤʵϣϿȤﱾͲ࣬ȨһҰģĲãеİţȻʣȴµһ 

춶ءȻŵ£һĹڶѽεûʲ᱾£ 

֪ǲ˳֮ʣоȻͬﶼһɹгĸ߰ԼڹͬĻģȨ 



ǲҪԽøĹ 

Ȼ˽ⱾһۣʺƵֻԽ򾳣Ҳһ˸ 

ʲ᣿ 



ʵܼ򵥣Ŀǰ´ңս̭һͳµģǱͶߵĹʵǿǿ׳Ҫǹ񰲣ȶ˹ȻһĹܱȡ 

бʺϱߴԽѾãȥովһңȻѱʺѹ˹Ĺȣƫʹ̲ԽҲǲù 

ʺα붫شЭ飬Խ򾳣ٳ֣ߵļСĹҲҪȥԽ 



λ¼ҲʺƲἱĹЭ顣ǵʱ֮ΪԶˮⲻ˽ʣֻҲʵĹ 

زɵϡһüޣʺƴһ󲽣Ȼб˲ܲ 



죬ǿҪսƽϢٻܶ棬Σ 

Ȼû⡣ 



ⳡս£Ľˡ 

ԽľҲùţеùĹԽһݣҲɢ޼ͣܿɾὫأܽƻƲãæӳ롣ʧ˹Խ޽ĹĹˡ 



ʺƶս֣˱붫ءԽּйȻԽĴۡһ˻صξʱһ꽫ʱ 



Ϲ̴̵һӭӡ 

վ֮ף㲣Ȼ˴ԼЦȻʱ¡Ȼºأڲס¡ 



ʺƵ˻صܶ棬ϹΪǾһƴ칦硣 

ڽ㱼ֻصȥĳϦҹʱҲڲ۵Ľ䣬ʹʺδ޸߸ϣ۶ӡ 

ڣʺȻλף붫Ϲλ֮ͬϲֻȥǰ޶ãܻʱʱ߿һۣĿıȪӳһ£ʱ˸â 



ֻķ̲֮סְסǸСġ 

ûصܶҪԵö׼ʱȴһ档 

ĬĬԵغƣʱǰףصͬŽһһ֪ƾͺȵЩˡ 

Ǳ߿ȥʤǳ˼ǽΣʺƷλֵܸˣЯ÷ԺЪϢ 

쿴ǵıӰʧ΢ɬɬģ˵ʲζֻãÿԡ 



51 



һģæסǽڡ 

Ȼȵеˡ 

ͷоЩѣ԰ȥ 

ƿ԰ĴţԺ䣬ȥ궬ѩԼǵЩ˴ѩСڣֽӭԼĵڶˣ̻Ϊµĸ 

ʱҵ죿 



ŻһƾӿʱŻ˳ 

ǽһأĵ߻һͷڴϣʲҲ֪ˡ 



֪˶ãģģУо˰𣬰ϵۻࡣ 

ʺƣߣץס˵֡һȴû˦ڰᡣ 

ŻſڴߣǴһ 

˴꣬۵£𣬷˷ԡҡ 



ԡҵϴԡİ˸ͩľͰѾʢˮԱ߷ľӺ޹ʲģӦ׼µģɼϸġ 

Ժˮ־һȻ 

˵Ĩͣߣϸϴ֮ 

֮УʢһʱһȡĨסȡ 

֮УϢͷųԼİǡ 



첻֪صϵġȵְϱӣȴֱץס 

ߡ˫ۣо˫ͻȻһѱµ¡ʪ˫ĲתϮǰͻ 



첻Ĺ壬ʵۣȥһͷ­ǰ 

 

ͣһ£ͻȻ̧ͷ˫շת˱ 

첢ûп˵ףȴо뱱ʺƽʱĴͬԺΣͻȻһ飬͵һƿˣ˫ۡ 



࣡쿴ˣʧɫһһ롣 

ʲ᣿ͷȥԼ»ĵ½Ǵ󳨣ǰаĺۼ 

ӽҡϲ㡭 

־ЩɢĻһʱЩ㶡 

û˵ΪõĬǰһѱסױҪȥ 

ſңʲᣡľƾʱѣŭƿ 

ӽϲ㣡սʱҾϲˣģĵģ 

ס֣ں˵ʲᣡˣſң 

ӽһõġղŲҲϲ᣿㲻ҲҪᡣ 

һ˸ղǸ裬ԼԼ 

һ˼ˣʱ־һǵͨ졣 



ӽ֪ϲǲܵģѾ˷ˣϲġ 

סڣ࣬ˣ㲻֪Լ˵ʲᣡ 



֪˫۳죬ٴȥһѽ 

صսᣬͱߣźˡ֪Ѷ˽ģҲѰ׽ࡣһҲʲκ˶Լ֮˶зǳȻҲǡĬĬһһֻҪģῴ˿顣 



ӽҪףǲܵġַˣԼļֻͥеճӣʱҪԴϲģֻһĹѣֵãֵ˶һ˵һ߰ϣ˺½ 



ƾδͷĿѣȻƴҲĻͻȻ֪͵ѳ 

ž 

һİƣػϡ 



סãȻȥֱû 

࣬ң㲻ĻҿԵû̸ʧ 

ӽ 

Ҫ˵ˣԲѷ㣡 



Ŀ࣬ŭӳصԼµʱһƬ 

ϯ֮ϣһֱڿʺƣȴĬĬؿһֱͷȾƣȵùˣһĵط԰ʼշĲ£β档ǽߴ£ص䣬ֿһˡǽոոշصܶ棬ϲ÷δü 

һ˾ˣ󵨵ؽźȴ֮һֱץԼֲš 

ʹѣԽŻ 



ץϵĽָſڵķص 



ɫҰףֱֱΣ´ȥѵ뿪 



ֱӰʧ⣬Ӳ˰춻Ȼϡ 



52 



[ ӽҪףǲܵġַˣԼļֻͥеճӣʱҪԴϲģֻһĹѣֵãֵ˶] 



ãȻؿĻġ 

Ҳû뵽ྐྵ˼һƬҡ뵽ղ˵Ļ׶ĵʹ 

Ȼϣȴ֪Ļмֵȷǲܵġ 



˼һҹɫʱŻ˯˹ȥܿתѹͷʹѡ 

ʱϵĺۼҹΪ߷߲ѡԡȡЩˮݺ³ϴһԼ£ֱ޲ôȥһƤ 



ϴɾʱѾ磬һ£Ǿȥ÷Ժ밲 

ʱͷϷʱȡǸڻʱΪСģᲦŪһ£ϸػ 



÷ԺҵȺ 

̣üͷһ̴ֵ֧ϣͷ 



ˣ 

һû뵽ʺϢ˽հ㶼 

ɫѿʺüȻȻȥĶͷ 

ûʲᡭֻеʺƵһ㣬䣬ըѵĶͷȴ˵ʡ 

ʺһۣ 

ãỹٺȵ㡣 

ǡ 



Ҳ뵽ľ磬Ҳ뵽̾ס䣬ⱣһЩİľ롣Ȼ֮ǰѾ׼ʱȴȫͬġеδйѹ 



ʺƲĸоĳĽԸ񣬶Ϊ˿̫ࡣ 



Ҳȥμˣҳϯͺá 

𣿡 

ûʲᣬЩҪʺƶһ£ǿɫֵУҪչˡ 

֪ؽ͡ǿЦ뿪࣬Ǹúúˡ²ˣ¸ˡ 

˵꣬Ҳʺ˵תȥˡ 



⻹һǰ¡ 

÷Ժ̧ͷҶ価˪ɫȾľɫһƬã 



Ҳ֪ԼղŵľٶͻأƼһ㡭 

ܲʣԴȥһοǸŮ˿ö֮ߣ˳İѾʹ׶ܵҪˡ 



ûۣҲȥһǿ£һѹԼĸ顣Ǽйǵ빲ȪսϵĬ棬ỹװ£Ѿͷųȥĸ飬յûأ 



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Ҷԭսϰ׽ɵĶᣬһܶ档ϯ֮˶ӣҲûü˵仰 

챾Ǹ˽ʵˣΪҶԭһ飬Ҳĺϵճѵõ֪ѡ 

ֻϧ˻ûϼ䣬Խˡ첻ôֻиˡ 



ǻһͷʹ̣ղûüҶԭҲۻȥ춻ǻ԰ 



ǰϲ԰ľȴԹ䡣 

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죬侲㣬ӡ 

ԣæ̧ͷȴԲĴۿûа㺦µӡ 



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ǡͷȥĨȥϵֻۣعͷеĺӣ˵⺢ӳ 

Ҳ㡣㿴˫۾ֱһģһ 

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Щܶæ꽫£ԭĶ࣬ʺ⽻µˣЩȫɱŸȥҪ鷳졣 



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̿ץɫһ£Ц⺢ӺȻץƣɼᶨǸɫı 

ʺ¿üû˵ 



зǳʵ 

ʵϣŮ˺ܺ档޵ŮֻдŮһϵ߲֡ŮȱŮˡŮȫͬܰЩûġ۾ǰһеŮˣг棬δ֪η̽ 



ҲȻԶһٵϣԼķŮĶӡ 

ڴĽƳóɣ⺢ӾȻͻԶͬһ 

ԡʺ£ص 

⺢ɰһҲ֡ҺϲҿҲõȵԶˣͰ÷Ժˡ 

ʲ᣿һ 

ʺҲû뵽㶵ز֪˵ʲᡣ 

ҿɡܰѺӷӽ鷳նȥչ˰ɡ 

ˣûϵչ 

ӽһ˴ǲġ˵նҲҪǻȥֶ࣬оӣһնĺܺõġ˵ǲǣ Ц 

ʺƺԣһʱ޻˵ 

áֻǺӵ常ʲȨӲţ 



ʺû취ֻõðɡ 

̵նҾͱˡӽȥʰһ¶Ȼȥˡ 

ǡӦˣһۣĪطɺ 



һᣬֻǿס߽ȥȥΪ¡ 

ȴ֮飬Ҳ֪Ҫȥղˣ˰죬ҲЩˣſ̻˯ϵ÷Ҳȥ 



̴ӻص÷Ժڴϣǿ½󣬿Сһʺ÷̥ǣˡ 

̰½ãӣȥ 

С㡣ڴ߷С㣬鲻ãΪˡǸү 

ʲǸүỽүǡ 

ǡ 

ʰˣ 

ǣʰ׵˻ǸŮҲȥˡ 

̵ͷЩĲɡ 

״ûһ濴ӽһĻϸү׼Ķȫҿүأӽ˸ףǸøס 

ϲ˵糺飬һЦӽģĪ޸ɣ 

ԣͨ죬С㣬˵ʲᰡ 

ϸϸ飬ŮҵģϤˣΪҲйʱͻȻиͷ 

㣬޸ӽԸԸ⣿ 

ĿԵγѪ˰Σŵūӽ 

ʲ䲻ϵģȻǸҲһ¡Ѿòֺãĵֺãҿúܰ 

ͷû˵ 

㲻˵ұ㵱ˡ 

ǣӽӽҲ֪ 

¾ͽҺˣزܿ㡣 ΢΢һЦ 



61 



УҲͬ⣡ 

ϱʺƻ̱˵£ܾ 

Ϊʲ᣿ 

˵оͲУ 

⻰ðԵûʹӽ֪УӽҲʮˡʮ絽˸óɼҵ͡Ϊĵһ󽫣׷꣬ѫ׿ԽսԺգΪѵùһ𣿡ʮ־죬Ȼġ 

֮㲻Ҫܣʺ˵뿪˷䡣 



ԴӻصܶᣬΪףӲ㣬ʺƱᵽ÷ԺӡȻѾչأδʱ޲ͬԲޡ 



̼ʺƵһӲزеЩգӲ⡣ 

С㣬ͬ⡭ܳ˷䣬˸ղŵĶԻʱ˫ĿᣬĲѡ 

㲻ҪģԻΪö⣬ 



ᣬ׻ԵһЩµĺͽǶμӣ׷˺ 

ʵʺƲ֣¸Ȥ֮ϾԼճӵ£ޣҲ졣ο̵ҲλȨصļ壬ԴҲעصĺܡ 

÷ԺĴԺֵղ춴ҹȻҲ˳Լĺ 



֮еĵһϲ£Ҷ֡µļϲ£Ҳ׷ȰơǸоˣԴᣬЩʤƽҲǳơκνտյ̫࣬һһﷳƣʱҲٽơ 

Ҿ¶ǣһȻһѻա 

ӽþûкһˣǽҪúúȼ򸱽˸߲ҵӣĶ¡ 

һЦãҾֵǺȸʹ죡 



ʺĵ̨ϵĹ֮ 

ⲻ֪˭޵ģȻ˳ĸӣݡ֮һɭϣȥЩϷӣֻиԼҰĻſɵذЩĿΪˣҲŸɣҲհн 

ʺƻɨһܣἸȰƣüͷ 



֪˭ҪСӣѺӱ˳˼ˣٲ˿佱⺢ģĺãĳϢ 



ӽ֪ʲʱܺӵ¾ư 

ӽûȢأ򸱽Ӧ˵ʲʱܺϽϲơ 

򸱽һԴЦԶԶԣҺͿˣûĶӰ 

˶ǹЦ 

Щ죬곤Сϼ꣬඼ѳɼҵжŮˡ 

ӽĶӶˣҲÿǿˡ򸱽ļˬʵص 

ЦЦûдֻһоƣɫЩ졣 

ӽǿļҵĹŮϸ˵ϸȥ˵ýԱһӵĴظ 

˴Уȥ˵ú˭Ҽ޸ӽĪҪӽĺ¡ 

˸Ц졣 

챻ֻոȾɢȥЦ˵ýͲˣλֵܶҺͺá 



ʺǱӦˣ˼ȴǱƮȥȻһξ룬Ǳʺƹ֮԰ǵ̸ɰҪ˵ýּ࣡һһͣƣЩġ 



Ͼò׽ʺϹȼλˣصԺѲӰĿɢȥʺƻصȥԶ֪أҲδ˯һֱֱֲֹһԵѾǶΪȴֻбʺƺưʹŮ֪˭ʺʵ˵ڰŰá 



ʺҪӣȴϵ̡ 

Ҫȥ 

ҹˣỹûϢ 

ƲѾߵԣߺ˫գСѵˣջԶѾˡ 

ʺڰʾԼðˣȴֻҲˣȥϢɡ˵ת뿪 



ӣʺƲδӣǱܿˣϢȥ԰ƿţȼһյưݴ֮ 

ʺɫһ䣬ƿţ谵ĴϣǱĶ˫˫عͷ 



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ѪɫʣɷסµŮæ½󣬾ʧ롣 

ˣӽ°ʺƻڣɫ糣еı֮ɫ˪ȴ˵ᡣ 

վһƬң죬ȴʲҲ˵ֻ˫߬ 

ļҵĹȻӽĴϣ 

ԭʹͷŮԻһæͨһڱʺǰ¡ 

ģˡ 

᣿ʺƿսսԽỺ˰ҹйŮڴϣˣ 

ʲˣ˵ʺͻȻһȣѶ˶һ 

δ˿ֲʱŵѪɫһ̱ڵأɪɪ 

˫ϥأԹ£ȴᣬϢŭ 



ʺƼ쾹ȻΪŮ飬ʱ𼲷籩꣡Ļ쭵ߵ㡣ֺݺһƣػϣ̽ײڴϡ 

һ˵ǰΡΡصӽ£ǡū澵Ĵū֪ˣūҲˡ 

ʲᶫƾҲĴ𣿸̹ȥ 

ŵûʧɫһηмӣ˿̼˱壬ѣٶæֻܳ⡣ 



һ뿪ʺǰק죬׵ϣȵǵʲᣡ 

챻ȵͷζһ˿ѪĺҲشֻضҧסû 

ԡǡ룬һ飬ǵʲ᣿ 

ۣһٻƣ㲻ң 

ʺ΢΢һ˫ַɡ 



ʵ⣬κ˶ֻ뵽£ʮֽ黳Щ˵Ҫףķҡ 

ղէȻһŮһӷ·ʲᶫסʵʹһɲ֪ŭӿ޲ðǸŮǧУʱʣ͸¶֮⣬ŻȻԼڳԴס 



ʺſʹһҲǲ㣬ֻ龰˭ܲɡպһƬЩԼղŵıŭᴥȴƲȥ 

̫ˡΪʲΪǸŮ飿 

ΪʲᡣԵĮľһƬʧ˸о 

ʺ֪֪ǸŮ˶ͼҼʱ֪»ᷢʲ£ 

ҧҧ㻹ǲҡ 

£Ͳʲᣡ 

Ĭ 

ʺڵվϲ޵һġ 

˵ˤȥ 



԰һ󺮷Ϯ͸ԴϨʢŭĻ档 

ʺƲǲ֪йŹ֡ʼҲڳԴףʵռ񡣿ȴΪʲҲ˵̬ȡҪԼֻ˵һ䣬ԼͻҲܡ 

ʵʲᣬԼҲֻ֪ŵģŭһֲεĸо 



ԭǱ˴˶ζԷ 

ʺȻʵﾾĵʹ 

ʲϵƺҲȻġ 

ǺǡʺͻȻЦһζӿϺڣӲ˻ȥ 

֪ѾҪˡ 

ʺĬľΪĳ۶ҡɢҵϢѹȥʮԼȱ񹦣춻ǲѺۡ 



ֹϵԭǲӦôڵġǻǰԼ 

ʺԺУͻȻֳͷ 



63 



ľѱûʹ˫գնģããȻġ 



Ǻ˺ܶƣȴûĴԵ߽ʱ̾;ˡƲȴֻúˡ˭֪֮У˳ʪ½æҪǰ¡ 

첻ûŮ֮£Ҳǲ֪һЩѾǶ˼۽ҪʲᣬʲͼԼ׵ģȻ 

ʵŴ˭Ѿź޾ʳĪ˵·ϴԡҲʲᡣЩ˵Ļ˵ġ÷ԺʺƵʳסҲźġֽ䣬±⿪½ 

Ͼնֻæץס˫֡ 

ˣԼá 

ԡӽؽ⣬ 

ĲˣҲϰ߱ź򡣡 

ӽЩԼԸźĽܾˡߺһ᲻ţȴԼʾĺס 

΢΢һû뵽˴󵨣Ȼֱ׵̻¶⣬һʱס 

ʵŮһ󵨣Թ˵˵̼޵ף˺ܶࡣڴ¼ȻõСĬϣֱ׷óŮӴ·񣬽ᣬסû˵˵֪ǸѾ䲻ӽԽ⣬У٣뽫ҡ 

㣬ĳû֡治֪˵ʲáоƾͷһʱЩķңȥǡ 

Ҳ٣ܣǲǶͷܣࡣ˵Ħ 

챾Ҫܾоַ滺ȷʵΪãԼ¡˵лҺöˣȥɡ 

˵⻰ͻȻһ죬 

ʱ޴룬˵㡢ǡ 

Ƿ 

޴¡ 

ˣ뽫ȫ˵˵ǰסϥϸĿ 

ŵ 

⿪Լ½ɫصĳ⣬Ըź򽫾 

һץס󣬡ء 

ԣۡһ޵øǲС̾˿£վɫл̧ĳ㣬ʵĳѾ֮ˣκˡ 

㶵ģεȼᶨֻƬ̣ˣΪѽġ˵վҪȥ 

Ҳ֪¡ƺûײ죬ֻŲŲײ֮һңһײһ췴Եһܣȥֻæȥ˫˫ڴϡ֮ⷬ˭Ҳ˵ʹһǱȴ黺򿪵 



ԭɺ֮¡ʱŶ룬ö˰ٿĪ硣 

Ī⣿ 

ڴϣƣղŷһС 

ʢŭ˵ԼںҲ˵ԼĲΡ 

ʲϵƾʲҪΣ 

ͻȻо޷ܣ߬˫ȭػڴϣʱ齻һӡ 

ʲҲǣֹϵһʼͲôڣ 

ڵĴʹòܺ 







飡һűײ̺ϥһͷʺɫ 

ĺѾ 

̴δɫղ޿ض˵˷£ò˼飬¼˱ʺƵģš 

¡ 

øҽȻձ㽫ֵѾҸߣ 

̴󾪣ǿ־岻ѡȥ̸ϽԸҶŻ¡ 

ȥ죬ǲģ 

ǡ 

ôĵӣʺ˫ڴʲᣬΪҲ֪ 

һǴ㽫޸죬£ʺƵĸ˳һЩ֪¡ⶼһϵѡ˭֪ʺȴ·ӦʵڳϣҲòԾ 

лŮûʲĽӽѾãҹȥӽ⣬ʲǱŮӣҰҺޣֲ 

ãҲʺضյºֻ͡Ǵӽᣬͷɣ 

Ϊʲ᣿̲ʵʵ 

ʺΪ콫ܶ棬פر֧δ÷أ 



64ϣ 



ʺΪ콫ܶ棬פر֧δ÷أ 

ʲᣡԴһ糺죺˲ʵѵΪ˲Ұ޸ 

Ҳ͡Ǹ˴ߣҲٿ˵˦Ŷ 

̻֪˵ʲá 

أҪ룬ߣ 

벻ͨȴ֪¾򵥡 





ڶգõƺ⣬侲طеݡ 

ӽ£ö˶˵ģͻȻˣ 

򸱽ᱱеͳǶˡ 

ӽģͽˡ򸱽ͻȻõһȴɫȻƺ׼ӡ 

ӽʱ̣ 

ǿЦЦеۣдʱ᣿ͽȥʰһ¶֮ھͻ̣ȥɡ 

ǡ򸱽ôͻأҲöʲᣬתҪǡ 

ȵȡͻȻס룬˵򸱽ҵЩϲ£ġǶǸҴ˾ģ׷Ҷ꣬ƽ춹̣ܽߵЩҰˡ˽̵ˣÿҵͨڣܰչ±ɡ 

ǡ 

ŵ飬ƽҶǺͶšŵĻλġڣȥؽɣеͳΪΪҲº͡ҽ켴յ룬޷úýֽв飬ȥɡػúø͵ġ 

ǡ 

ؽ飬ƽӴ¶ϸ˵һ飬ʵ򸱽㶼᣿ 

ǡĩˡ򸱽΢֣ƵͲһ㣬ڽ¡ĳ谮֧£һأҲˡԼŵʱӽ֣Ӧˣα޾ϸ˵ 

ɻɻ˵¶Ǻйϵģϸסˡ 



򸱽ᣬص¹ʰ˼׹߳⼸һЩպãȥ鷿ȡ˼ᣬ򵥵һȻỻһ·ϸԼã÷Ժ 



 

֪е~~~~ 

ѳȥ̫һҲûüдϷܶһ磬дһǧ֡ΪмҪȥȸҷʣµϾϣԲˣ½½⣡^_^ 



64£ 



ȻǼѬңȥ˻˵˵ӽشˣȥΰɡ 

ĬΣ˵ȥ˵ղĳǲ뿪ġ 

ǸЩֵ̧ͷһۣӽ˵ƺѰƽǰĿ͹һ֡˵ζ˲ɲĻȥֻȥ 



վڴǰƬ̣һ󵭵㴫˽֪ʺھᣬȴͻȻʧȥת 



ʺƿıӰй˵ۣУ˿˿Īŭ 

հߣһǱٶݣȥԼƢֻһҲҪ˴侲һ¡Դӻܶ棬һֱû˵Ĺϵ⣬ֳ£Զ˵ĹϵǺܴһսʺʵЩˡ 

һΣΪ˱ܿԼȥ 

ڶΣΪ˱ܿԼȥ˼򾳡 

һΡ˭Ҫܿ˭Ŷ˶˵ദȥܲǰ취˵뿪Լ 



ת 

šʺҲĿӣܿ 

Ҫˣ롭 

˯Ҫˡ 

ǰһѹҼ 

ʺƼ̬У˵ðɣȵȡ˵תȥ԰Ѻӱ˳ 

տ˰ҹһڣʱ˯㣬û뵽Լ˺þõˡ 



Сذ׳ʵСк˵ 

ʺƼģһǰ죬ҲΪյ²ġΪ˸һʱ䡣Щ¡ǶҪú 

ͷĺӣ˵סǲߵһ 

ʺû뵽Ҳģһʱ֪˵ʲá˰Σ̾죬Ƕú룬һʱ䣬Щ¹ȥٵ 

ͻȻһ£ˣ 

ʺɫһ򣺡㾹 

ǡæҲûʲ£ϣҪ 

ͲҪˡʺص 

ü¶ɫ 

ʺ֪ΪֱϣΪԼˣֻ̾˿֪ˣҲġֻ²㣬вһֵѾڣѾ򷢻ȥˡ 

˿֪ʺ߰ĶһѾġ 



65 



ˣúչ 

⻰㲻˵ 

֪΢΢һЦЦ˿ɫ˿Ρ 

ʺ˼ġڸգǺзִģҲԻԶģġ 

š촹ͷȥǸĸס 



쿴аӣ֪ŮҲܰĺӣȴĸ׵ѡΪһֶԼȱġһĸӦþ߱ģһĸԵĶ 

ҲһҲŪֶʲᣬǸӣǸ¶ֶʵĿڣԼĺҲоֿ˵ǿǰĵĶȻǺӵĸףȴԸԼܸģҲ˵Ǻõġ 



ʺ΢΢Що̬Щ졣־ҲԼУϾߣ뿪ܶ棬뿪ӵģﲻҲӦ 



ȥɡ챧Σ¶ģȻصݸʺơ 

ʺƻѾߣ˯еĺӴȥֻʣ¶ˣУ춨ؿʺƣɫƺҪģؿԺ 

ʺһʱЩԻ󣬶̶Ƭ̣ȴƺעǧ֮á 



ʺԽĲǰһҪȴֹ 

΢΢һЦˣҪء 

죬㡭ҲҪע塣ʺ˵ʲᣬȴֻ˵仰 

֪ˡͻȻɫǰһݣ°ݱ 

ʺһԴӻǹᣬֻǰʽĳƺʱ˿̼ͻȻԡ¡ԳƣЩˡ 

ɡ 



żһЦһۣתȥˡùһ磬ɢ 



ʺüͷ΢ؿӰʧ÷ԺУ·һӿ麮硣ããȻȥܾáץסˡ 

ʺƵֳõԤС 





ʱ򣬶ѩڡ 

һһԼ˱ʺƣûаݱκˣ·ûȥϷ֧Ҳûȥеκһֶ֧棬ʧŵ֮С 



ʮᣬʺƵõϢеĲյȻأս˽׵°ڣȴ 

ӽٲ֪Ƿ⣬ȥҡ򸱽ڰǰ档 



֮ᣬǵˣˡ 

򸱽̧ͷһնĮվߵǰԺнյĴɫصӽΪеĵһ佫 

ǣӽ 

¡ֶ֧ûеõϢ㽫졯֡ɾ 

򸱽һſڻʲᣬȴǰգУ⣬Ŀȣѹǡ 

ߵĻӲ˻ȥֻӦǡ¡ 



߬ȭͷ޳ԲָǶ֮Ȳ֪ʺƽ˫֪˶ãٴᶨ֮ɫ 

ȻߣұߣΪʱ䣬һУһ죬ҵõ˴𰸣ʱ㵽ĺǣҲŹ㣡 



ͨ˽ڣʺ΢΢ʣɿ֣߬һЦ 

ꡣɡʱ䣬㹻Ƕˡ 



66 



ɫӰɿӹһɫӰ׷ᡣᣬĳƺһȻءϣȥѨλȴ֮һ׹Ϯȥ˷ӦѸ٣̲ͷܿŭһ࣡ 

ҧҧƻȥɽһݣ¶һ˿ŭĺۼ̧ƻ˲ڵжʮС 

òƣƣȴһ㡣ǸԹϸһ֮ղѱнףŲ㣬жƣձƷ 

ôĵӣȻҪᣡŭ޽ӣʹʡ 

ǣ𣺡ҾҪϣ 

ǱţΪΣ㲻֪֮ˣǾͬȥ֣ȻҲҪ׷浽𣿺οϵ˽ڱǰĵģ 

ȫص磬ҵڷģᱳϵģ 

ŭƽΪβͬ˽뿪 

ҧû 

˵Ȼ䣬ұ㲻㣡 

ҡҪȥһˡഹͷȥ 

㣡Ȼ֪Ҫȥ˭ʹһӲͬܵܣȻΪһ£ʹļס 

֪֪ʲ᣿֪֪ʲˣ㾹ȻĻ˵ȥˡ 

֪ӦһͻȻ̧ͷѾ뿪ˣʲˡٲҪȥ磬ңȥ 

ž 

һƣϡ÷㻹֪ڸģ 

գû˵ 

Ϊ뿪лɳˣΪĲں˵˺ãã㵽δȥҵΪϲ𣿡 

ͷ˰Σصϲң֪ 

Ǹ˵ֻһˣЩֵܶ˶ǳ 

ΪλҪ 

࿴Լİ֣ãȻصҲֻ֪֪ҵߣûңֻǸۣûϵ֮֮Ҳһˡ磬˵ǲǰǷģ 

쿴ӣһԡ 



ĬΣŵֻз磬ҶУҹХ 

磿̽ػһ 

߰ɡ쳤̾˿⿪Ѩ 

վͻȻЩԥ磬ˣ 

㲻ҪˡǱİӰһ㣬ء 

磬ҡҶԲ㣡ҲԲҡ 

Ҫ˵ˣٲߣҾҪıˣ 

һæˡ 



쿴ӰɿʧڴУһжƽᣬعȥͻȻ֮¡ 

²μ 

һɫӰ߳ͬȡ 

ɡĺܺãʱϵ 

ǡѻָޱ飬ǴʱȴסЩݡ 

ӽֻһʱԣЩʱգԻ򡭡 

ʺ΢΢һЦ㲻Ϊ˵⡣ 



ֳԣһĵȥǸˣúñȻǸҲҪ˱ 

ҲҪȽϺáʺ̧ͷ͸һһǳҫЩǵеһţĬĬػԼ꣬ԼҲϣҲһˣԶҳϵı 



Ҫ¿ʼæˡ죬Ҳòʱһߡһһˣҵ֮ǰߡ 



67 



ĲԭⰻȻ̵ĲƺϿϸСĻ䣬ޱ޼ʵأǳǳ㣬Ծ͵ƽԭɽһֱߣһ塣 



׶ңľ 

ԭƥХ۶𴦣۵糸һ㣬춯أ硣ݵض΢΢Ⱥ棬׷ǡ 



ƥͬһСҲֻʮƥרΪǵһЩṩƥġ¾ǻܱ߸Сͳһԭϲ߽սӡǽֿɵõ̻ԭССҲһ˾ӪΪרܵĽͱṩս֮һ 



һɫСŮʮͣȴһƥͷϣԶԶشɽǱ߱ 

壡塭۵ڸǣԶļ˻ǿһĨɫȺǰˣкһ£뿪Ⱥ˹ 



ŶŮǰ΢΢һЦʵûȥѧãͻˣ 

塣Ů۾˳ص챱ʦسѧö˼٣ǶҪȥ 

ᡣ죿һ㶡 

ѽϴݥӥֻ˰꣬ڣȴֻ¡ϴϲּ˵سҪһ¡ѧöȥأ 

һ²ȥѧãˣ˼ 

Ůͷǻµֲּ˼ҹӿΡ 

ˣ֪ˡЦ֣СԴ 

ˡŮץʵСֻʮһ꣬ŮӷϿ죬ȥСˡ 



Ŷʲ£ 

ˡŮ¡ҵȥء 

ãһȥɡŮζС 



һլԺűı˽ȥһϴ̵ĴóѾͷȥ壬Żղȥˣ 

ûȥڷҷɽҵġ 

ߣߵԶˡ 

󺺶Ůȥúʰʰأȥæ 

áŹɵӦһܽ 



ףϰ̺۵Ĵ󺺲ǱˣСһ𳤴ĺֵܣߡ 

ߣ治Ҫңڽ롣 

ԣһʱˡԴ˵Ĳɡ 

ҡҡͷ֪ԼĻϣҲ̫⡣ˣһֱҲѰˡѾԼ˰ɡ 



߽˷߹ţ棬˵ףվҪʦسˡ 

š֪ 

ϣͻȻˣ˵Ҫİһƥõ׼һ£ƥõģ͸ȥ 

㣬īҲ߰ˣ׵ͣñʺãһֱδ 

ʱе㼱Ҫõܵ׼׼ 

ǡҲ˵ģ˵СӼҪһҲȲˣϽ˵Ҫ͸ϡ 

ͻһ֪˵Сӣ˭ 



ߺ˿ˮֵֻ׼иǧȼҶѡƥȥ˵Ĳ¡ǰǧǴѹļŲȥҪ㼰ʱˣĻ⡣Ρ 

ĻĵȴһֱղϢãһֱԼҪȥ̽Ǹ£һһʱʱᴫĶǹһСģȴǵһȻݿԣҲָ֪˭ȴ޷ҡ 



68 



磬緹Ҳδüԣȥѡ 

īѩһƥһʲأ 



ķ˰칤ѡƥȥ 

ȴ⼸ƥСҲǻ˵ۣƥͨԵīѩǲġ 



ͼһȥŻڷߴߴ˵ڴ磬ź˵û죬û¶ 

Ϊûʵ 

һ߳Էһ˵˵սˣԴ죬½Σֱ빬ֻλͷҲ磬ûбÿҿÿˡϴӥƥϣ磬Ư¼ҵĽ㶼ˣ˵ȥүѾͷԸء 

Ѿͷ˵ɩѵŮӼҵģ˵Щƻ 

ӣͷǷ 



߿һۣɫ˼ɰü 



ǰͻȻǰһϮŶЦ 

£ƾͱһЦһɨա 

ȥס 

ֵܣ 

ر˷ֿһȭڱ˴ϣӴЦ 

֮䣬ʲỰ˵ 

ᣬӪ롣 



һϢʱűеĵһ佫ĸ˿ȻһǷʲ¡ʲҲûʡΪ죬 



һڽϻ첻ȥˣǧǵҰ 



仰һֱǵáʱڴͻȻԼǰֵꣻʱȴԶҪֵĺãԼӡ 

һ죬ˣȴΪȣҲʲ鷳Ұףһ㡣 

Ҳѧʶ书ԵҲȴ˽ֻ˴鷳ˣΪֻ鷳Լ 

Щ飬ûзſЩ飬Ѽʯɽ 



סùţ߽סȥ 

á 

ڲԭϣХӶӹ 

һɽϣͣߺ찵̫һĨϦ 



ף£ 

û˵ֻһζԶ 

˵ղѾͷ˵ˣ㵣ģ 

ǡᡣЩ졣 

̾˿˵ףαƭҡ˼ꡣͷΪͽ书ԸΪ˾صΪԸΪڶֵܣ౼ꡣǼϸ㻹֪ҪǸӳŶá 

ʦҶɽΪҲӦõġḧë˵ 

˾ǲ֪㵱ΪһҪšãֽ뿪ˣػиġҲʣֻҪʲᷳգҪ˻ֵܡ 

мضֵ֪ܣ 

߼Զңķ֪ǲ˵ɩ㣬ϴθ˵Ǹϲ𣿡 

Цһ£ߣȥɩ˵ĪҪٹˣⱲǲ׵ġ 

û˵һɡǸùµ½½˶ٹƵˣҾ֪û˼ܵûǰҪʱǲڵĻء 



ߺųѾͷţ˸ӡǶʱȻòˡɩΪʱѲѾˡΪûᣬͶ檵˼߹¶ʲ᲻ТΪĻϣҲûжӡɩҲ檡ɩȴΪ˺üꡣᶨŽģɲţ̳ļҵͷȥѧãѧЩţŮ֮ѧҲˮ 



ߵĻյص죿룬λʲɿȴ 

ߴЦԼ취ɣҿɰﲻ㡣ϴΰܾڼŮŮɩ֪ˣݺһ١ǲˡԼɡ 

˵һޣݡһߺȣͷɽ¡ 

ʱüЦ£һп¿Ҳȥˡ 



69 



ŵ̫͵УһƬƽ 

ʺΪĵڻλ·࣬ΪλϣǰĸݺͳǵİķУЩҲ⣬֪鱾䣬ָոջ˵ˣ᲻ȤҲֻֽ֡ӷᣬʹ㲻ԸҲμӲμӣ¶¶ 

ʺƲͷ˾˶΢ЦƱһΣ˼Ҫڳһʺüװûȴ˾ֶŬŬ죬ʾⱭͿԻȥˡ 

ֹ͢ǴСμӹ˵ģ֪ѹвͣƱվ 

λˣ׷վֶʱֹͣˡ 



þһʺƵһ䣬һ¾ƱԻϵϣ岻ʣȸˡ 

Σ֪ƢֻõͷȥˡĴ˷󵨣Ӧ껰˵ģҲֻ߰ˡ 



ʺƻصѾǷ´ɫĳһϮ¡ˣҡӻͳһܺǽϻδʱڳפյġ 

ʺƷ˷΢΢һЦ 



찡죬Ȼ뿪Ϊĵط 



˸뿪ŵͷ꣬Ȼһ˼ĺɽܿŵߡֱǰͶ÷ֵߡǰȻʼݱȨҵʱ򡣱ʺƸϻԼ׾˾ˣȻСĻӵϻλ֮پ½ܱ߼ͼһͳϵĴƬء 

Ϊ⣬ԼһԭӣǰǰŸոմŽӻġ 



ӣδԼ趨֮ڡǶĸ飬ӹɡ 

̾ʺƿϣȭԼĶͷ 

ʱԼ⾹Ȼδƶֺɼ֮ԳԼⲻǼ£ȴԼġ 



ʱ˸飬ûʲܹȤϱߣƾ۵糸ֶΣѸշСĹʵͬʱԼڱȨ֣¶ˣƹλֻıԶλֻ¡Լ֮ͬ꣬Լȴ֪ܷǣҰġϾƽ£ǳ֮ơ 



ʺưüպԼѵõ徲뵽Щȥˡ 

ȴǣƣһʹ 

ǱˡΪʮֻһͷһأһ䴩ٽҰطΣǳֻг˿ʹá 

ʱյзգʺƴΧˣս֮ϣһл쳣ʺƳìɣ֮վֻĿֱ䡣񹦻壬ԭ˲ֺȴΪһ޾ȳ䣬òһ֮ˡ 

ɼƣȴû뵽ĸӼ͸ǿֱ̹ܿҪԴ̴˼Ρ 



ʺ΢΢ۣιѣأܲȬǸ⡣ȴ⡣ʹ۷ˣǱʺƣ 



ܹܣʲ᣿ΪβӹμܹܽҪīѩ˵ˣ˵ء 

ʺ΢΢һЦ˵ǶʲᣬֻʲǿƥǡȻƬ̣ʵǴǼѡ 

ܹܽһһϡ 

ʺ֣һԴܹܵǼ˭ϱīѩ 

ܹ룬үīѩƥѵõǧﱦѰģǼ䶼ҿҲֻһ䣬үīѩ» 

ʺƵͷ㽫Щ˻ȥٸƥ 

ǡ 

ܹӦˡ 



ʺߵǰ£ͻȻǸҹһɫ£վ԰ĴɪɪӰԼھὫǿУȴԲԼ⣬˵ЩĻʻȴ֪ʱȥķŭı¶Լ⡣ 



죬졣ʺһЦÿ𣿡 

򣬋 



70 



νȥ˻춲ͷ֪ʲ˼ҵץץͷӻ˵Ҳһˡ 



ףǵҪʲƥϡ𣿡 

ͷīѩȷʵƥеǧﱦ 

죿õȥˣǲ⣬Ҳû취ˡ 

룬˵Ҽǵǰ׽ƥҰһƥĸǳ 

ʲ᣿һǿĸװ 



꿪֪ʲطһҰֻʮͷȴýͣ硣еһƥīѩµǧﱦ߷ЩŽȫ²񣬵Ⱥ֮⡣ҰͨȻͬƥĸȴһƥټĺźīѩࡣ 

Ұƥúüһ£Ͱȥɡ˾ƥҰģϣܺīѩõԣʱͿԸСӵ 

Ȼ֪ǸСǲǿ¸ĸģֻһĹ춼зǳ 



һΣ԰͵ֱδ֪ʮþˡ 

Ȼ˸߲ҡѬѬ˻ 

ףǵȻүСˡү⣬Ǻܶණ˵ᾩǽľṩһߴƿһ˳˵ 

㿴С𣿡 

ţˣˡ 

Сʲģáúòã 

߾ƾڴϣɩȥˡСӣҲͲססشϧЩͿˣȵѣǱʺ˶סҾơ 

ڴͷ˫ͨ죬ȥ߻λԴʵղ˵ʲ᣿ 

һ飬СߡŶһܺáܺá 

ʲܺã 

СӣСӺܺã 

úܺãˣʲģ 

С͵ľơܺãִ˸ƿ 

ľƣСƣߣѣ 

ʹߣɩһ͵ľٺҲܺȵûƵģҽ컹㡣 

ɩ㲻ùء 

ɩֱˬµֵܣ㲻˺áһ˯ȥѾͷ˯˵һᵽϣԼȥŮ 

ԲģֽˣԼҲʲʲˣǸûᡣ 

ߣҽ 

߸ղź˽Ӻ˵㣬˷ܹȣץס죬ϲĽ 



ǵûʡ 

үȷǷˡ 

С˸ӣҷ緶 

ģ߰ؽһѣʮ仰оž벻УŬг˿룬ϣ̽һЩҪ֪ҲֻԶԶؿСһۣҲ˵ֻ˵СССͣɣ˼ҷ緶˼ҷ緶 

Ǳйȥ˵˼仰ʹһЩ˵ġĺܿŮ˻Ưᣬı£濴˵ģϰռȻ˵ģ̬ȵǺ͡ѹ㵱ҪߡһˣҪ̣ 

ֿʼ˵˵ǵ˵үīѩ˵ǽ⡣һֱڵҹ˯¡ 



ڶϣ߻Եɵɼɩʵʲʱˣ 

ɩ£ûذһۣˡ 

ʲᣡһƾȫûˣڡһܡ 

Ժ˵ЬӶûܳЦߣʲἱ 

ܲ𣿱˵ˣҪСߴ 

ʲᣡ졣᲻˵ 

ǺԴԺＱת 

סʵʲʱ 

˵һ͹ʱˣ죿 

ʲʱˣ̫Ÿճ 

̧ͷ̫ǱԼƭˣ龪һ 

ߴҴһ·ϵ鰲ȥûһȻˣ˵ٹʱүҪӵˣ￴ȦסҰºãᷭɽȥҰԡ 



ߣүˣһǱܿĺãǧҪҡ 

ߵͷ 



һլӣе·ȴǰ泾󣬴ɫꤵĹؿ 

һæܣȴ޴ɱܣֻվ·£תӶᣬֻ¶ӰʺƵĳӾ 



71 



ıԶԶƮˣ߹ɵĻ£ԵĿ 

챳ӣĿġ 



ʲʱ 

һʺбĳϣ΢Цص 

ƥʲӣīѩ𣿡 

ҲûŻīѩЩ 

ҲǡչȥſϣȥԺòã 

̫СˣϵʺƶŪ 

˭˵ġСüͷҺģҵ񹦵һھҶˡ 

ʲã˲ 

ߣС죬ӸһԡͲ꣬齥¶ͷԴӱĿȱʺƵ껹һ񹦡 

ʺƸղŹ˵ʱĵµȥգҲһڱϡ 

յСӣ˰ΣȤƿƿȥֻԭǰ಻ıɫһš 

СסвξӣǰŻصңҲδԶţֻ·ϿһЩ羰⻹ǵһɸ⽼Σ쳣˷ܡֻһѸղŵĲһɶˡ 

㿴дӥѽ 

ʺЦЦŲȥСȥȴͻȻһƳҪһŴһϤӰ 



һһᾭ컳Ī飬صȴ뿪ԼߡͻȻһ۵ش˹һ¡ 

һ޷Ƶһ޷Ƶڴһ޷͵Сʱ䲻ɡ 



뿴뿴Ǹ˵ĺӣ뿴ģֻҪһֻۣһ۾ͺã 

첻أعͷȥ 



һС˶ɰС˷ָָܵ㡣 

ֻһۣƱݺݵػһ¡ȻᣬС˶ߣǸ̹ĵˡ 



ʱ·һֹͣˡ޷ճյһһСФƵףسԼǰֲ 

ˡ 

̶ӵһ˲ 



ͣʺƵУʧյȡ 

ֵؿΪʲͻȻͣˣȻ˳Ŀȥֻһվ·ԣһԼ 

̫Сˣ˵ע˶ٸ̵ĸ飬Ҳ븸֮ȵСֻ֪ͣˣڿһİˣһЩеİˡ 



ʺƽץǰˡǰ֣ 

ĵεΣָƣأȴǰǴʱ˿̣Ȼԣѡ 

龰֮ĵص㣬ͻأʱ̡ 

ЩҪҪǣǸ춳֣ǰֿɼ 



졭һ૵ỽʱ졣Ŀ˲þ޴룬ȻҲδأ۶ȥ 



յɴ˫ۣӳһԾɵǣϵǰīѩϣ˫һУǧ￥֮˳ȥ 



72 



ͷȥǸԼǣϵһ뿪ˡɴ󾪣ǷĴ߶ 

Ĳԭϣ׷Ӱ 

īѩɣѰƥɱȡŲ·սɽȡ 



죡ʺͻȻһڿնչᣬδӦƮȻᣬץסһ 

۵ƥһ˻ȻֲʺƳһڵء 



һ棬̷ҪԾ𡣱ʺһһٶڵءѸٻ֣ȴѱУץס 

̲Ͼ켸ѣȴδͱʺסһһץһһ׷Զֱ˲һȻӸϹ¡ 



֪˶Ȧòֹͣ˶ͷۻһһͷĲмǱ֮ 

ʺƽѹϣҲ 

죬ʺŭصʲ᣿ 

ҡƿԡ 

껹𣿡 

ҡҡſҡ 

ţʺưԵս˫ۣȻһܣΪ㻹ܵȥ 

ҡ⡭£ 

ʲᣡʺƲ˼صһŭڵðץס˫͵ذࡣ㾹˵ҵ£˵ȥһڶס졣 

󾪣Ҫȴڲ 

ʺƽԵǿľܾͷӶͣعÿһط 



Ϣ˲ڣϤһĿѣս־Υȵ̼佫Χ 

ܾȴѸ׳Ƴ 

ԱʺƲܴϻϣûκεֿʱ˼ѾãӲ֪˶ãʺطſǻ̱ 



졭ʺƻ֣ԼĴġζá 

촭Ʋͷȥ 

ʺƼ״һʵղ˵ҵʲ˼ţһ˵޳ָһɵ½󣬴ϵؼ 

ʱӲ˰ΣŻ뿪ܶᡣ 

뿪ܶ棬û뿪ҡʺϣٵĺ촽աʡᴥȵϢطеĵطս 

ʲ᲻һŤͷǺҧ˫ָȻԼǰ͹ϸϸͦظӭһ㡣 

ɴˡʺĵص 

ſң컯յġ컯յġ 

컯յˣʺƳüбṴ̧ͷΣεģ 



컯յĵϷң 

гǿϧ⻰˵ڡ 

ֻԥһɲǣʺƵָỮظС괦ת 

ס֣֪Ҫʲæ˫ҪȥȴͻȻһѱס 



73 



޳ָɶƵѸٵ˷ 

𡢱𡭡쾪˵ǰãʺֻڶϡ֮ʱŻԼӲӲ 

ʺƵͷͭɫĲǰش˱ս˸ƾֱܵصϡ 

ֻҪһ뵽ԼĶǱǱο㲻ǵø󡢸Ӳ 

ʺͻȻһЦоһȵҺ籡 

ľγٳٲ̱ 



ˡʺƹ촽ૣ⼸ĺܹԣӦúúý㡣 

㡢㡭ԣ̵ɴ˫ۡ 



ʱ˿̣ط 

У컯գĻϯأ 



ʺϵ˵㡣 

ģҲҪ㡣ξȷŹ㣬һΡһҪ 

˵ͻȻſվ 

Ҳݵæ̧ͷʺȻһŵزϵİǣһ죬޲Ҹطȥ 

Ȼ˲׵رʵ֮ 

ʺȴ΢΢һЦһнͰȵӣȻᣬǶ˻ 

ϺüҪγѪֱȥǶ١ʬ𼣡 



ү 

 

һλڸϣȳµ佫ɫµС˶ǻԶʱ㰴Ͳסһ죬Ծʺֱ˹ȥ 

ʺ˫۽סȴײ뻳ʱ᲻ŵغһ 



챾һֱǸС˶ʺע߻Ķȥ۵ʹ࣬˵кβͬЩȻսδ¡ 



ܶն 

ʺƵֱǸáӥҪ׷ϧû׷ϡ 

Ҳ׷ϵĶ𣿡ջɵʡ 

ʺƵͷ˵ȻҲ׷ĶʱʱǶԼҪĶʹ֪òҲҪŬȥȡԷᣬûпܵõĶһҲܻõͶ˿Ƿ𣿡˵Ƴһۡ 

ճʱ¶ؿ¶˼ģʣڽն˵ĵ 

ⲻ˵ĵʺƿӣɫص㱾Ӧ׵̫ϴӶ¡Ӧʱ̽ǣѪĶһΪеһ֣ 

յͷĻμСҲȫףʱţǵĳɳһȫⷬĺ塣ʱףǸţİ 



ⷬͷһ𣬺ʲᣬʺơ 

ԭأʺƽ̵ӣǸ¼ϲʧ䣬ڴȻ 



74 



˭ͻȻָ죬ʡ 

һ£ 

ǡʺƿһ£常 

ԣ΢΢һ顣Ȼ֪ܺκιϵУҲֻԡ常ƣǲɸоʹ 



ʺưѺӷǰնһ常 

տ죬ԹԵص常 

ЩжȥȴסˣֻЦˡ 

Щ 

ղűʺһֱСն֪ԼСǲˡ 



ʺƻǰǣȥԴ 

һ֪ģ 

ʺƣĪع𴽽ǣ΢΢һЦ 



߿ʱŵòϵ 

μү 

ɡ 

վ͵͵վڱʺߵݹȥһѯʵȴֻõĿЦ 



յһε˷ܵúܣڱʺǰ棬ҰȺưڲԭϷɱɴ˺۾ 

īѩȥǱȱȰ 

Ŷն𣿡 

£ 

Ǻãȥ׷ǡʺƺ𣬱ӣһޣīѩ㱼Ⱥ׷ȥ 

״æ档 

׷ҰֳҪȥԣһֺƺƵؽɽһ 



磬ʢС˵ʲҲҪؼңҪڽס¡⵹˱ʺƵ⣬˽ıԺˣ׼סա 

常ҲնһȥɡǸ飬ֻ칤ͺú죬ĪУ䲻÷ֿ 

ֺγãεʺơ 

죬ҲһɡʺƵص 



һ磬˱ĴʹͣȻˣɻе㲻ģ˲ʱ죺Ҫǻȥ᣿ 

Զıʺƺո˵ͷ 

û㲻Ѿ˳ˣߵǵؿ 

찲οЦЦû⣬Ϊңµġ 

ðɡԼСĵ㣬ҿҲҲĹϵͦãûΪ졣̲ס׵뿪ԭ 



ʱʺƵĳδһɽµıԺڴغ򣬽ӭ˽ȥ 

սС֧Ұã˷ܵòСʺƼ״ѳӻˣ 

ԵǸȥЩ 

ͻظʲ᣿ 

Զ˸ǿġ 

áնܵܣǺø硣 

ҵܵܡ 

˵ʺ 

֪࣬˵©죬æܵߡ常ն⡣ 

á첻֪˵ʲᣬֻҪնˡ 



ţһоĺг챾Щ˼ɣֻҪ䣬ʲᶼˡ 

ϱʺƺû˵仰һ˷ܵ˵ͣԺӵ˼һֱȫע˵ʱʱݸضЦЦԷ̫⡣ 

ò׳극һһ常԰԰ԼæˡԺһЩѾ۶еЩ죬֪ССȴ߰ĺܣЩ䵭ټ˷ܣĺӡ 



常Һϲ㣬ǰңһ죬ˣϴ׼˯ڱʵ 

һ᣺常̫æˣһֱûʱ㡣 

常᲻ҪߣԶնպ˵ĻǶȴȻȻ˵˳ 

ס֪λشؿڷʹȦҲˡ˰Σնˣú˯ɡ 

š常ǽ𣿡ձۣصҲͦǰйû˵꣬СѾ˯˹ȥ 

ȰؿСþò뿪֪˶ãСĳԼ֣СŽҴñǣͷһǣ뿪˷䡣 



һ£߸ߵعڿУԲ 

ȥ»ɢɫƮɡ 



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ص죬 

ԥһ£ʱˣҡ 

ʺȴûתӣԱߵԺȥƶ 

ȷʵ޷ֻĬĬᡣ 



Ժ䣬ת԰ϱߵľԺ䲻籱Ҳ縡ξӹ󣬵ȴΪļԶר޽ģռĴμأеĻֻϱ߱ٳһµĵطǸµķ֮ 



һĴˮΪδص׵δֻӳɫһů󣬷ϷķͤͤƸǸ洹 

߽ȥʯϼСˣ꣬һ¾ơ 



ʺ£ָָӣ˵Ҳûʲᣬ׼һСˣٳԵ㡣 

ĬĬ£ϵĲɫ嵭򵥣ĺԼĿζЩٸнûмʺƺһ죬һͻȻʼδֱڶе㲻ʵĸо 



֪ 

ѵΪһ㲻Ųʣ 

첻֪˵ǻǷ 

ʺƸһ¾ơҲ㣬ԶҲԲԣ 

ΪʲҪң 

Ϊʲ᲻㣿 

챻Ѳ˫˵оƣ˰βŻ£ֻôΪѡȻǵĹϵʲ᣿ 

ʺƴһʳˡΪʲᶼ˵ 

˵롣ͷתоƱ 

ʺΪһŶȻ죬ǵĹϵȷʵ˵Ҫ壬̫ѡҪնϣ̫ 



̧ۣůĳ棬ޱ飬֪ʲᡣ 

ʲʱҵҵģĬƬ̣ʵ 

£پѱաоõϢ֪Ĭ뿪ɾȥ֣ǲǾͷˣΪҲȥѰ㣿 

񷱶࣬λʱңΪʲҪң 

ʺԼоûз 



ЦȻ֪ԼлЩģȴΪжءԷƱڴӱʺܵõĸ顣ΪҲǸˣ֪˳˸֮⣬ҪкܶණʺмͥҵΣȨЩɢ̫ྫԼʵ㲻ʲᡣֻҪڣԶйһˡ 



ʺƼĬգеľƱ 

ʱҹɫֻܾ˶ӣպĻšڲԭϷ£ 

̫ˣл˵ɡ 

ʺǲֻʵԺǰɡʲʱ򣿡 

εش𣺡񹦴һꡣ 

Ŷԣʺһƣʱһμӳλ䡣ڸ£ұ㵽ԡ룬ʵѾʮ˰ɣ 

ǡ 

󰡡ʺƸпһٶƸУ̾Ϣȴ 

챻£յһĻĻ˲ԺӹҲƣȴεݡʱʤ÷£˵ĸ߲ʡ˿̣ȴңԶġˣ 



ʺͻȻվ߽ס֣죬˵Ļ㻹ǵðɣ 

һо˳õϣ¡ҪƿȴȻԼȫһ˿ɴ󾪡 

 

֪һִΪ׼ǡʺ΢΢һЦֽ˽֮Ѿȥһʮ꣬찡һʮ֪꣬أ 

һƱ£ڵءʺƳһ§ڻУЦ֪˵ģ 



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ʺƱ죬߳ů׼õңŵϡ 

㡢㡭ǵͨ죬ȴʹؿһһԼ 

죬̫СԼҲ̫Сҡ֪Ҫ㲻᲻ҡȴûҡʺƵ˫һ߰£һߣţʵĸС 

죬ʱҺ֣ѵûԼ˺һΣûʲᣬ¶ϲԼΨһһΥҵȻ뿪ҡҳʱˣˣȻ㲻ңұ㡣ǽգҾȻܡ 

ʺƲ֪ͳһƿһЩɫҺ壬ϴδйа飬ü΢΢һЦʣ㡣 

֪һȴҪܡڷ㣬ɲҪҡ˵ϣĶѨȥ 



ɫƣ֪ǴŲʲöּʱȫչڱʺǰһһעӡ⵹ûʲᣬҲǵһԡеܵǱڵĶ 



ʺƽҺϸϸͿĨڱϣʱǳ룬ֱͿĨָȡ 

޷һҲûСѨԵҩﱾͱȳУʱƾҩоܿˡҲ֪ʲᡣ 



оѸٴȫƵؿʼ̣𽥴洫͵ڴϷת 

㡢㾹ȻֵֶشȴȻ 

ʺԼ·ȥ§סٵĺ촽ǹüۡļա򢡭ǲĴ 

˭ǿ˺ܶȤ죬²Ҫᷣ㣿ʺ°ȻĴ汧סȴʵĵط 



챻ŪҪҪģȲѡ֪޵ľǱΥ˵ǰԼ𣬾ǽ֮Ҳ㹻յġȴû뵽Ȼ 



˹ãẢ 

Ժ˿ͷְֺޣ֮ 



죬ҪҲϲ̲סңһġʺסǰŪߴ 

쿿ϣͲסҪͦѪȣѨԽԽĸоܲˣ޲ʲᶫܽȥú÷һʹ졣 



ķҪﵽ߳ʱʺȴͻȻָͣȥοѨ 

ǰл켸Ҫˡ֪ǹĥԼǰ䡣һ춻̲סȥҪԼͦȴʺһץס 



Ҫʺơ 

ʺЦܲ᣿죬Ұ 

ָѨĦఴʱȥһȦȴ͵ʱ̳˳ 

ͷ󺹣ҧѨ½򿪣͵һһϣڴĽ룬ǱʺƵķͶβȴٳٲϸ 

ʺץס֣οԼҲͷųҩʴӢͦȾɫʣȴԾǿĲϷ䣬Ҳְֺޡ 

죬Ҿѵ㲻ȪЩ𣿡 



ԣһ΢΢ƫͷȥȴһ˫ٲÿҹλأԽ߾ɽӣ·Ƕ̶죬þԼеҸ 

ҡʺƵ˫Ĵϣǲݴڴ 

ʺơһĵĳطȻ򿪣ǵӿסı۰򣬲㡭 

ʺƺ˿㣬һЦں촽֮ǰ૶ 

Ұ㣬졭 



77 



ġġȵǣֱ˵Ϣľ 

ȫ̱ȴͻȻ֪رסʺơ 

ʺƣղ˵ʲ᣿˵һ顣 

ʺһЦҹúܣ㡣͵һͦ춽ѵȴѨڡ 

ֲ͵ͽһ 

㻹ʺ̾ϢѹԼȵغ 



һƬѣץļ 

ղšղ˵ʲˡ˵ң 

ţǲˣҴ 

 



ֻûѪҺȼաʺںݺݵײȴԲ㡣ʺƺ֪ʲᣬ͵رһԼϣȥ 

˳ͣԼѨµĿӿϮ˫ʺƵļ⡣ 



ʮꡣ 

һۼʺƣڣѾȥʮꡣ 

ʮ˼ҹ룬ǣǸˣովϣ˵İĬĬʮĸ飬˻رǰֿʹ࣬ìǻת˲ɢֻǴһһҲֵˡ 



졭졭ʺƱΥ˼˿̶Ϊϵԣײͣ˵ǰӲ֪Լ˼ҵֻжıǲȼǡ 



 

һμҵĶ֮ᣬﵽ߳ȵҺ籡ڱڡ 

ʺƽգˮʪ˵ĺڷ˿һֽۣ˽Լı䡣 

죬⼸ܿˡ 

ûĻһҲöδǣ˿̿ҲûжˡֻǱԣٵشϢ 

𣿡ʺʡ 

˵һΡ 

ʲ᣿ 

ǳƽʱǻſУȴȵΡ 

ղŵĻ 

ʺˣһЦĴȵϢ͸˵ĴںһһһصҰ㣬졣 

쾲Ƭ̣ڵһ㱡Ȼۡ˫ļ΢΢ 

ʺ۽ˮɬζѹ֡ 

Ҫն飬ȴû뵽ԼСҸʱ䣬ҲԼʱ䡣ˣˣ㲻𣿡 

Ƭ̣㱵һЦܸˡһ 

ǺǡʺƱǷܵõ˿Ƿ񡣡 

ǡڲԭ϶˵ǷˡڸңҪԷ 

Ų޹أҪõֵĶǲġʺưԵĵ 

ͻȻζһ塣һһ˴˵ķĦЩӦ 

ʺϢЩأڸʲᡣ 

ҩԡδ૵ص 

ʺ۾Щɣ𣿡 

ګګصҩµ̫ˣ 

ʺƹһЦԭˡ죬˵˻ġҪֱ˵ǡ 

Ҳ֪첻򲻵ǲ׷ģղʵҲȵÿԣαҲʹؽٶͦķһ˽ȥ 



һҹΥĽϣö 



ؽ٣͸㴰˽ 

ʺ˯죬һĪİġ 

ϸϸݡ겢δı仯ֻ紵ɹƤôֲڣɫҲԭһЩǳʵɵǡ뿪ʱϵĲƺɫǰһЩȴǷԭȵӢͦҲȾһɳķɡ 

ʺë΢һ䣬֪ҪͻȻһ۾ɺװ˯ 



78 



ۣİĴһ˲Щ㱣֪ںδǺܿ죬ҹļ糱ˮӿѡ 

ƫͷȥʺ˯ǰܽһӣٸн 



Լ׷˶룬Ȼʵֵһ졣ⳡ̫˸оʵ 



֣޷ǡüĿ촽ȴһĴ֪³˯еˣϿһΡ 

ӰΣ͵͵̾ϢһҪջȥȴһץס 

ˣ΢΢ЩԾ 

ʺƳ޵ʹԱزһСȣŨܣֳ̡ 

쿴ȴ̧һ˫̶ 

Ϊʲ̾ 

һ£ûʲᡣ 

죬ҡ 

Цûʲᡣ 

ʺƲãšȴعͷȥɫ૵֪ʲʱˣ 



ʺ֪ǲԸ˵˾ʲϲԼ˵ΣȴǸĲˡԼҲһӱܷſĻ¶Ҫ 



ſ쵽ĲʱˡٹһҪˡ 

磿Ծ 

šҪʺƼ˫ü΢¶ΪȻɫЦ㲻õʢĺܣٶ˯һ̣ס 

ԣ΢΢һҪȴо£Ҫ۵һ㣬ʹѡɺһֵ˻ȥ 



ʺƼ״̲סЦ漴ЩۣæɺáԼ·ȥۣһ顣ٻصң챳 

ʺЬϴ˫ְ࣬ࡣ 

ղŸʲȥˣʵ 

ȥ׼ԡҡ 

֪Щţ̻عͷ 

ģû˻졣ʺƵصüͷۡ˫ȼԲҹļ飬ǺۼȲһֱϣ˴ƬɼЩ΢ʪ𵱳Ҷԭ˵Ļ 

Դ֪Լ񣬼׶飬ֲʺУڻ֮ᣬ˽ʱǳע⣬Ѿˮڡҹ˷ֱʱᣬʵԼѴһɶżҲ֪᲻ᡭ 



ˣɫ죬ֵʡ 

ûûʲᡣʺƶ΢΢һЦҶԭԼ˵ķֹеķ֪ʱҲûʲ塣 



ʺƽͺȣʲᣡ 

ȥԡ 

ãԼߡ 

ʺҡҡͷ̾㻹ѧԡ 

첻ƿ֣Լ·ǽ鸡ʹҪ۵ͷ󺹡 

ʺҲȥȥһѰ𣬲ɷ˵ԡҡ 

ŵԡѾպϴˮ趹͡ԡ͸ɾȶѱãһࡣ 

ʺưǵԼһݽԡء 



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Ȼҩѽ⣬ʹݽȵԡëףȫһɣоʺƵ˫ڰᰴʹ˵ 

ʺΪϴϵİ߲࣬壬ɵָ˳󻬵ĳˮ£֮䣬ɵڡ 



챾ſڳرߣһ 

ʺƣʲ᣿ 

һ¡ 

¡Լ 

Уſ£ʺưסָѾ̽ȥСĵĹɦѹеܿİǱ˳˫Ȼ 



˽£컹ǵһɱʺưǵͨ졣 

ϣʺƵûˡ죬Ǹ˵ָͱͱ 



ǻʮ߳ܣǲ֪ΪʲᣬȴЩˡһطƱæ˶Ҫܿ 

ʺߣٿķӦ֪飬ǰסɼĥ䡣 

ʺơΪУֶڶ˶εĽָķԼܵס 



ʺͳ嶯ỽڶһ㡣֪ҹʮƣͣ㳷ָ˫ȣſڳرߣδȫպϵѨ 



һΣʺʮֵᡣһȵˮᵴͬĴظ 



֪˶ãⳡĻҲܲסƣ硣ʺưɾҶ֪ˡ 



֪˯˶ãתѡ 

常常 

ۣſڴߣƯĺ 



΢΢һЦ 

ռˣ˷ܵ常˯˻𴲡 

常˯ͷˡͷһ磬ʵʲˣ 

ȥ깦ȥˡϴѹϡҪ常Ǹҳֻ 

챧Ҳ̲ס۵Сסպ⣬ֻǵ常𴲰ɣˡ 

áȫȻʹѣϴ£Ǳʺưϵģһů 

վ͹ԹԵһԵͷСȫȻģһġ 



ʺŽˣԵˡ 

šҹ޶ȣЩ漴̹Ȼ˾ⷬ꣬ʲýġοԻһӶѪС˶ 

֣常߰ɡȥš 

ʺǣסֻС֣һһС˶߳⡣ 



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ңԺá 

һ°ɫϸССк׹ڷǰ档ССԴ¶ϸСĲӡ 

Ѿ˺ܾˣʹߺ棬ͯ۴ȹǣȻõĥһҲҶˮѸɺűӦСϡ 



һִſ߹Ӱڼķ΢΢Ĳ̣ȴΥֻ̾ҡҡͷĬĬȥ 



֪Լ𣿡֪˶ãһװӺݵѾǵķ߽ʵ 

Ņ̀ͷ¶һۣȴܿ˵Сֺʹͯ˾졣 

ҡңǺ֪ˡ 

ˣ 

ҡóԸġ⡭ƯĴˮȴҿޡ 

ʲ᣿ 

ССҪĸɪɪض̲סֳҭ 

Ưĺӣֻ꣬˭ɰģĶȴΪޱؿ 

˭أʲ֣ 

ҡǱĶӣֽСб׻ԡء 

̵ͷɡ 

׻Ҫվǹ̫ã˫ľӻһΣ˵ڵء 

ءۡ 

һѾҪȥ 

վסԼվ ֹ 

׻ڱĵſ˰Σľ֫ѪвͨӲʹǲΥĸ׵죬СΪǵͨ졣 

ˣˡ̼ɫСѾ߷ԸȥϢ˾׼Եġ 

ǡ 

ת뿪δڿǺһۡ 

СѾæȥסҡҡ׹СӡӣūʹȥϢ 

ء硢ʲʱء 

СѾʵҲֻ֪ðοӺܿͻˣӱ 

׻ԣ޵øģСѾ߱Լס 



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ԺһһšվʢҪȥɽԡʺ뵽쾭ҹ£ƣֻͣ㣬װȥɽСɽתһȦ˼ֻɽȸӵС 

ᣬտĵĺܣȻҲĻϲÿ˸˸Ŷ˵ԼҪСסգصġ 

Ἰ죬ʺƺѽת˸飬ΧȤĵطȥˡͶӰ룬 



ʲʱŹᣬͻȻʵ 

᣿նؼˣ 

ǡСԶ뾩ǵıԺڣˣǹڶɱȣȻȥ 

ʲ᣿͸סղ𣿡 

ԼҲ˵ʵ˭ˣ 

룬常̹ȻԶԶҪҲһͺˡ 

Զ岻ãʺ˵ĸҪء 

ĸڷãŲҪءСЩȴ˾졣 

ʱ̽СĸﻹЩܣʱˣҲͷˡ 



ʺưһ˴ȥϰСԣһҲ˻Զ¡ 

ʺݳɢ 

⼸նŨ⣬ǡСʤ»飬ҹҹãࡣʺ鵭Ǹɫ֮ˣȴҪҹҹ죬ֱƣΪֹһ˳ʱĻرɵԼþ߳ܵ䡣 



81 



ʺݳɢ 

⼸նŨ⣬ǡСʤ»飬ҹҹãࡣʺ鵭Ǹɫ֮ˣȴҪҹҹ죬ֱƣΪֹһ˳ʱĻرɵԼþ߳ܵ䡣 



Խ۵ӣԽ˵Ļнһ졣ʵǾ仰Ըἰĵط 

ʺƣҲмˣʱȥ 

ٹһҲ⣿ 

ҲʣҲҪ֪ġ⼸ղϳ𣿡 

ҵʤسٹͬ졣δ⽻ҿɱʱϳԼ 

ʺƼ粿˽ǳˣ۰ͷϵˡֻΪ񹦲ͬ죬˵ĹЧԲŻָ졣ǽҪǰ磬Ҳǲˡ 

뵽˸ദԽǸѴǴˣٻȥο̻һЩңֻ²׽͡ 



죬㲻һȥ᣿ʺƼɫ֪ʲᡣǰʣȻҪԼߵġǴʱȴò 

ҡҡͷѾ뿪ˡ 

뿪ţû뿪ҡοҲҲԭݻȥ 

˾͸ӲˡñλȨءֻһƽҪߣ佫𣿡 

кβɣ 

ʺƣ֪ҵѾˡٲ統սɳһϲսˣ佫˵ɫЩȡ 

ʺס֣죬Ҳս 

̾ϢһǿЦЦʮ꿪ʼٽϰڵ⽣Ӱб꣬˵¾ܷµġΪְģʱȥĵ£ȴЩѹ֮ɳ 

죬ʵ佫ҲáҲһȥ 

ʺƣۺݣҶȥġ 

ʺüΪ̣ 

΢΢һ٣һ£Ҳԭ֮һҪǣǵĹϵǲġἸ֣ǴＷġ 

ʺ˵ҲǷաȴ֣˵Ща취ġ㲻ߣѵָأѵ㲻ʱʱ𣿡 

ԶһƥСⱼܡССͣȴʮֽýߵդױԾ˹ȥ 

ϲ¶ɫ˰Σ˵Ȼʱʱһġʺƣ죿 

ʺȻѾమֹϵڵֻȴҪ޴ѹολΪһ֮֮ϣһһ֪жעĿԼε۳һӣз֮ãΪǣĻҵͳȥ֮ñȱĶΪԼĹϵ˷֣Լνȴʮֲ 

ο̡ 

ʺ뵽̾˿ֻս֣û˵ 

常 

ͬʱȥԶϵسǻ֡ 



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¶˻δ׵ڶ˼˵ӲأղˣүӸϽȥ 

ԶˣǸϽȥԣнʺƵߴ 

ʺƷԸȥ׼̡ 

ʺƣ߰ɣҲȻȥˡ 

ʺƵҲãϢ 

常㲻һ𣿡 

챧ӣ˵常ߡ常 

常ġȻԶˣҴһ常 

Щᡣתһ룬Ӿǵ⽼ⲻʱ·̣˵ңԶˣʱ 

ʺժʵһöơ죬֪ʲᡣ·Щ 

ûƴǣᣬʰһ¶ 



ʺƴմҴҸϻ 

ү 

׻ԵңѾӿæ 

ԶˣʺڴߣϵС˶ȥһֻ߰ߺ㲼۵Сһֱ¡ 

£ 

һһλҽΡΡǰүǡǡ 

ʲᣡʺƲ͵شߴ١ 

ǳˡ 

ʲᣡʺѾһ˵ǻһ 

Ȼǡ컨 



82 



صң߿Ϊϲ 

ף⼸ڱıԺûΪ᣿ 

ûСЦЦ᲻Ŷ 

ѾͷҽСԬȥˡ 

ˣ 

ûСֻƥĸˣԬȥ 

ߵǣ˩ãͷϸ֡ףﲻһˣ 

𣿡ɻվԭȦ´ЩЦص㿴ʲ᣿ﲻһˣ 

ͷҲ˵á 

ջԶԶرɫ泩ֹ̩Ȼһ˿˵ζͺһֻ͵ȵè㷹Ȼ̬üĿɷֻɵӲŻῴ 



ȴ֪Щֻ⼸ңɡаԣж飬벻Ķѡ 

ߣˣȻȥϢһ¡ 

áʱҽ㡣 



⼸ҹҹ뱱ʺƲ࣬Сһʱ·ϸɢ˼ƵģȫĹͷʹĽ 

صڴϣҲתȻϢͨ˳ȴС 

˫ֲԾĨԼ޺Ͷǡ⼸˯ߵݣļںīĳط֣˸ӳ⣬Ǹ˾Ȼʮǰʱ䡣 

ȣԼˣº¸ֺۼƵģܵĲ˥ǿʣļɹ֪յԼʲģЩһֱûָֹͣ˿չ֪زѲڷ⡣ǵҶԭ˵ģĲ 



Ȼƣȴصڴ˯ֱֱֻ 

⸱壬ֻѾ٣ڱʺߣʵڲ֪жõҸ˵񣬲һڹһòΪ֮ˡԼֻһ鷲ˣ 

ԷƱֻǱʺ߽µ̫̣ϵǲ㷲һġ 

̾ϢһֲԾԼǰĺӧ񳿣ոձӡǣģЩ΢ۡǿңԼӦˡҸ̫죬ֲ̫ͣʵĸоһʱ۶һ룬ȴ̲ס 



͵طϡ 

ˣúϢ 



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㻹𣡣ʺڻԶһޣ׺˵㣬һֱδ̣һʲ֪Ȼһֱڷ 

ԶѾ˺üˣʼ˶û£ֻǷաֱһһҹδѣϳ˺춻Żܹȥʾˣ̸һƣȥҽΣ֪Ȼǳܹ֪ˣæ˰ү˻ 



ΪԶһׯϡ 

ҪֻҪͻõÿˡ 

ͻˣתͷʮ졣һֱͲˣˣ 

ʺƿģѹŭĸףúЩԶˣѵ㲻𣿡 

ʲᲡ 

컨 

컨ͻȻڣЦᣬʮöˣԶѾ컨ˣһֻܳһ컨Զٳ컨ء 

̣˵˭Ϊ˭أʺüͷ 

˵ԶΪԶΪǵĻԶ 

ʺǰһһץڷǰĶһ˫СЬСɵӤСЬЬϻɵĵʺֻһۣˡ 



һЦ˵Զ᲻ϲҸ˫СЬҳ룬һǸط᲻䣬᲻᲻ûöܰ 

̣ǲǹģʺ΢ڣʵ 

ƺ㶣ΣͻȻһ»ع͵վ 

ҹģԣҾǹġΪʲҪȥǸӣΪʲҪȥֲҵĻԶҵĻԶ 

죡 

ҲҲҪ죡ҵĻԶѾˣǰˣ컨ǸҰһ컨ǸҰֻˣҵĻԶȴˣˣͻȻ 



һССӰܽ徲ԺȥԶԴջѾߺӶȥһ涼δҸøһȥǸո߽ãĸĺ 



Ҫˣ̣侲㣡ʺ޿ֹ̣ 

ȻסڣݺݵصԹߺͲʣǰǸҰֱǰĶӣգǰԶոնֱһӣҪҰɻԶǺǺǣĸҰŮ͵ģյ㲻ңҲҡ㵽ҪԼĶˣΪʲҪȥΪӣ˵ᣬֹסߵ 



ʺƼ̬Ȼ䱯ݣ̾һ̣ӵҲ˵ҿԸ㣬ȷʵҵĶӡϣܰԼĺӸϣܴԶ֡ 

ܴԶԶ޷ΪҵĻԶ̺˵ֵ꣬ҿԸ֪һĿġҲʣҿԵ֪Ϊ׻ԣóΪĶӡԶҪܰĻԶ˭ҲȡǸҰ֣ԶҵĶӣ 

ˣնԶҵĶӣǣ 

Цˣտȷȷʵʵıӡһֱ֣˭ģʲϵΪʲᵱҪѺӷҪ常 

̣㻹ģ㵽֪ʲ᣿ʺɫ䡣 

ҲҵĶѾˡƺЩãȻֻһ˲䣬ָֻֻ֣Ϊʲӽ뿪ˣҲŲʣֻ֪֮䵽׷ʲ飿 



83 



ʺЦһ£̣òҪ֪Щ˺ܶ࣬ԴӻҶҪʶˡֻҴûʶ㡣ҰնԶи㸧ȴѻԶչ˳ӡȻŵҪǵĸþҪ 

΢Цĳŵ𣿡 

ʺƳüһûҲͷϣɪгֻϧڵ·ԽԽԶҵĳŵδ˵Ҫ޶һһ 

ǺݺݵضƬ̣ȴȻ侲תȥص˵ĶԡֻǸȡˡֻþˣһջѡȥɣԶһȥģһĸȻն 



ʺƾ˿ıӰתȥˡûпͿʺĳףǶԼġҲûпգ 



һֱڽṦܺãһֱʺУδ 

ղŸĸ˵ĻˡʹͻСЩ׵ġ˵ĸӡ 

£ǰڸξʱҲӶԲ̫ȡ֪˵侲̫Се壬֮ʮ£Ҳδκѯʹûĸ׶˵Ҫ 



춻ԶǰͻԶסڸξӣǶ˲˺ܾã˯˺ö죬ȥһԶȴѾǰǸԶˡȻĸһֱ˵ԶֻΪ˲ģЩˣ֪˲ǻԶϲΪԶǲʲ¶ճҳúƯǰĻԶƯܹԣĻ 



常ĸ˵ʲӽһ常 

ĸϲ常Ϊʲ᣿ԼйأԼȴʮϲ常һоУ丸Ҳڵʱ 

常ͬʱ谮ջ˼Сָֻ˶̶̼ʱ䣬ͳһʱ⡣ 



СͷȴʮڸἸҵãĿŤĸˣʮֲϲС뿪ˡ 



ȻԼĸĺӣ˭ĺأԶ˭ĺأ常ֺ͸ʲ£Ϊʲ常Ҫ뿪أ 



յСԴʡ 



*********************** 

𴲣һ壬оûǿˣ׼һ¶ȥţɩԺɸס 

ףˡ 

šɩҪȥ΢ЦɩҲǸֱˬˣһֱסҲСǰǼǵԼĻǡ롯ûǳʲ鷳ֻԼ˲ܣʺҵҲǳ¡ 

ǸˣЦһ¡ʵԼ˵ϣҵģԲŻ˽ӽĵطͶԼõֵܡ 



ףЦʲ᣿ 

ţЦ𣿡 

Ц˰ǰϲһɵЦˡɩЦеش 

Щ˼ʱʱʺƺһ뵽ǣһۣؾͻЦ 

ɩǸֱˬϸĵŮˣŮеֱᴺģԼʱʱ¶Цݶоͬ 



֪ǲ뿪Ǽʲˣ 

ɩס⡣һ׵ҲСˣóɼҵˡԼ˵ĹһҲûϣˡ 



ɩȥˡ 

áɩߺúȥ죬׳˭ס£ֵܺ˵ԼûܸӣôһŮиŮؼңҲжŮϡֵһֱ¼ҹ˵Ŀɲɡ 



ɲ֪ɩЩ㡣ҽСԬ֪˵ʲᡣСԬһҡͷˣƫƫǸȳӣǸͣ˵ùС 

߹ȥڶ죬ʵŶأ 

ߣҵȥˡ 

СԬʵƥĸ 

ܡܡܡáСԬĽͰ͵صʱ䡢䡢ϵģһССС 

ʮƥĸˡ˵ʵۣ̲ס˵ˡ 

ŵļ磬ԵŶŮӲҪ˵ܴ³ 

üָԬ˭˵ 

ԬǺС㣬ҡҡұǽᡢᡢᡭ͡ 

ȥѧ˵ý͵ĸˡ 

ЦЦֻ֪ʵõúܣҲģǷķ򣬷Ѱ˹ȥ 



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ʺƸոմӻʹϸһۡسֺܿ죬ϱһСᣬ趫̫Ӵλ֮һٷϵСʵۣǰ˳صǻƵۣʽΪĹ֮ 

˵ƽ£˸һ˻ʵۣȻʲǸλҪȥúܣѾ겻ٹ̣Ӵбʺڱһ죬ֻ޺ΰн޷Ǿǲ̽һϵķӦ 

ʵҲûʲֵġֲǵһγһֻ֮½ȶǿŵĵλЩ΢ת䡣 



ţҲúϹһ£ǷҪžЩΪá 

ʺƷһƣ 

صҽ˵ԶѾȶˡֻҪץϵŧҲ°̺ۡ 

ʺһѾһ컨ʮֵĵģϣԶܹŹȥϾѪͬѰ 



ոջ´ɫ˵ 

䣿ʺ΢΢һ㶡ԴӰʦسᣬڽӷϺһᣬԼһֱδϹڽԺһ𣬻ǻԶأҲûʲˡοңЩȨ֪䣬Ӧ꣬һ˵İķУԶʶȤزݺصʱ򶼻ԶƷֱ͵ܹϣû벻ǰݻᡣ 

֪ˣȥǰҼ 

ѵһὫ졣ĳǰ̫ӵֳ̫ҲǺԺĴѧʿǼӣʮʱͻȻʴ֣ͶãᾹȻ˽֮λȷʵǸ˲š 

ʵǸſͳͳرʺƵ¡սΪĲ£׷һʱ䣬Աʺ˵Ҳûʲر塣رͨڵģΪģֻΪˡһơ 



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үʺƵӰʱһԭ峺ĺȼССĻ棬˲ſݡ 

ԭүҲܺÿ鲻Խ˵⻰ŷԼçײǺ 



ǰıʺƣɫһװֿеĴ绹ǵһμ 

ʺһɫĳʱµĿʽɫϣȴ˵ĸ߹󣬳Ŀݣйſ֮ȻأѹǣˣǱʺƻʵİ£̱˵信պ͹°ʣһɲʳ˼̻ζ 



ʺʱľȣһЦ 

Щϲֱˬһ׽ı죬Ǻ;ӪĽʿǴһƬ˵зִ磬̬ϣʵò޷ 



ʲ£ 

һ飬ʡȥѵĿ׻ֱóĶ˵˵С˲ҸЩҩģϣԾౡ֮⡣ 

̫ˡСҽҽΣѾöˣӦÿԻָˡ 

үﻹӹѰط˽ǵ˼ΪЧ˵үļһֱδãҡ 

ʺƻӻִļ޴󰭣عϡ 

үΪ˾ңʵѰ 

˵ս֮ϣͬ飬ҵĵ£ܿʺص˵Į飬˵ϣǶԼȴ̵ĺܡ֮УΪ˾죬Ҳ˵ҩʺͿˡȥʱҲ£˷ûбҪĺġһ˵£Ǽȥˡ˷޳ԼҲ˵¡ 



ԱʺƸ塣ʱ˸мĽһЩӵĸ顣۾ܺڣʺʱúܿЦˬʣʺʱȴЩ˵̹ףʱҲðһЩçײղš 

վڱʺǰϥ£үԷľ֮ʵͬĸΪֻү£׷ү 



ʺüɲǿЦġս£û˵ǻص⾩ǣ˱һүһǽͬΪ٣׷֮˵ 

ʲ˼ 

˵үߵ佫ѿȱ꣬ëԼԸȥһְţ׷үҡ 



ʺʵԼС꣬Ϊ磬ʮ˱ʮ̳бλ࣬ɱȣһЩطЩ쵱ӰӣݼڣҲѵõĺͰˡ˵佫 

ʺƵɣҲܴӦ㡣 

΢΢һ̧ͷүǾĳ𣿡 

ûд⡣ֻǱ佫ֻһˣ 



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Զõ𣿡 

磬Һ 

ſڴͷ׻ԵССŶڴϣΪץϵŧʱʱ̵̿ؿҶ 

ѾȶˣֻȥúõվָܻˡΪѾ 

һ̣˾ͺˡѧչ˵С 

ܡ׻ԿҪ޳ 

æԶޣȻԶ˸ȥԭȥ常 

ء˵ҪƤ 

˵һ 



ý常֣һĺ 



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֪˽һ£ԶĲȶʺƺҲֿѾһʱˡ 

һɫһԲ֮ҹʺƴӻԶסԺЩ˸С 

ղҽ˵ˣȫΣգתѣٹձȬˡҲչ˻Զ˵˻ǵĺĸסʮ죬һֱԶֻͱʺѾࡣ 



ʺƲ⣬ΪʲŮ˵ı仯죿ĻԶᣬ̸һ䣬춷֮Уի𣬶ʲ¶䵭Ҳᡣ 

ܹ飬ϾȥҲԼĶӡղҽĻĵͬʱȴ֮ɫҲϬһ뵽ǹͬʧȥǸӡʵڲܡ 

ǳɻʱŵĸ׶ȻʵСӣҲľ˾˵ĻƷ̫ӣϻλѾˣҵĹͬĿҲﵽˡ̵·ѾԽԽԶʧȥǸӣ˶ѻͷ֮ʱҲͽ˴˵ʹࡣ 



ʺ̧ͷϵԲ£ͻȻǿҵ˼졣Ȼֱֻ˶̶̵һ£˼ңƲסһ뵽ĵЦݣɤ޳Լ 

ʺͻȻһȡǣīѩûиһˣԼĵط۶ڳŹرǰϳ˳⡣ 





췭ȥ˯ 

Ѿһˡϴη֣һ¡ʺûдһϢ֪æʲᡣ 

Ȼ֪˸ԼŲǱʺƵ磬Ҳ̫㣬Ҫ֪Ͷӵһ߽ǰ£Ѿ˱ǰеǿƣȴٿȻͷ 

ҪʲݻȥأʲҲǣο뿪ԼܻͷǴϵסһ֮֮ϵıһңʺơ 



̾Ϣһֻһ£ǰ궼ˣһȴߡ֪Ҫٹ˲лټ档 

Խ˼Խ˯ƿԲӳӹ¼š 



Ӱ£Ŀ΢΢ʹɴϥڴϣ۾רĵĴϣĻ꣬򾲡 



Ҫ߻ħˡ 

֪˶ãɥҡҡͷΪȻŵ˱ʺ޵Χ뵣ɿЦһ£۾ 

ѵԼ˼ 

ûȣ쳣ʺƣǳġӵ 

´£ȥߣ侲һ£ȴͻȻһ𡣺񲻸ƵģվƬ̣ߵǰش飬иӦһ㣬Ժһôȥ 



ʺһ££΢΢һЦ 





ԬոճƥСΪ״ܲãĸһׯԺϡһ룬ܾò̤ʵ֪СܲܳŹȥݣһȳһյׯԺȥ 

סĵطׯԺ棬ǵһСݣмµĳһסΪҽ𾴵ģԼһ䡣ôƹԺС֣ܿ 

ӵʱһ΢ԬóЩ֣ʱҰļˡ˵լҲֻһƥ¹̵ĸѡ 

˼һۿһƥͨȫڣѩĿԡ¹£еسݡ̧ͷһֵͷȥ 

Ԭؿƥһʱ䲻֪ʲᷴӦ˰Σʱһ㣬˳ȥ 



л㱵ĲɵһƥΡΡذĸߣʮʱԵزĸ״粽ĬĬ 

Ԭ΢΢ΪƥСȻȴʮʢĸ׵飬ҲԽĳɳ 

صԼסĵطǻͷͨԺԺţղƥ 

űߣһƣӦ򿪡Ųû˩űʲᶫˣڵϡԬͷпһۣͻȻһ 

ɫӵԺǰһŷȥǼһΣͻȻϨԺӻָҹɫ򾲣ԭϢĿеƮɢһ˿㡣 

վ˰ΣûпԺӣ飬Ժϡ 



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ƣڱʺƵıʵƲʮοˣ滥§֮ǱʺȴȦȥ 

Ҫ˵ΣƺǱʺƸԵЩĹãȳƣΰȴǷʮӢͦÿαʺ§ȴѡ 

ղһ籩ĻʵԲ̲סĳͣܣֻǸӼеĽϣֹ 



Ժ˯һԼʺƱ֪뿪ԭʵʺƣӺõ᣿ 

ʺۣ֪ʵ˭Ӧš 

˵ǳ˶ʱϢ 

ʺƲ˲Ѿûʲˡǰȥˡ 

̲ͬסַסȥͺã˴󲡹ȥḣ 



ʺȴĻԶǸһֱãԼҲûü౧أڸξӻ˭֪Ǹ˶ݣδüԼĺۼʧӰ١ʣʱʹѡԼʵǸĵĸף 

֮ϣͱȱ˶ءѪǹִ֮뵽ʹʧӣȴ޷йҲܸ졣ʹʵ˵㣬̵Ϊ̣Ϊͬˡ 



ɫ糣üĿȴЩʹ֪¡Ϊ̾ϢȴԻϡ 

ʺƣ£ 

Ϊʲʣ 

дϡ 

ʺ΢΢Ծʲʱϲɫˣ 

Ҳһ֧δؿó 

ʺû˵ķޡ֪ΪΣϲЩҰ׵ķɫʱʹȴΪϧ 



ЩįԼв˵Ļ 

˽һ㣬ʺҲ֪ʲᣬҲǲ˵ǲ֪˵̾˿Զ˵ˡ 

ѹоˣɰ̣Ѫʱҿʹ֮ 



꣬Ȼ֪ʺƼѪʮϲӡǸĻԶҲǼ۰ġһʱ֪˵ʲá˰βŵỹеġ⻰ȴԼѪˡ 

죬⻰ʵԲԡ 

̾ϢһԲԸȥͱŮӣǿԣҵԸԼ㡭ˣα˵ֻҲǸˡԼսʧӣм̵顣ղűʺ˵ҲĶˡ 



ֲǲҺѾˣٰʺƱЦȴһӰɫʱʹֲ֮״ֻʤŮӣæ˵˵ģҲҪˣ棡ο塭 

ҵˣ̻䣬ֿɫѹÿζ 

ʺƵͷ̾ʱͿΪȬ 

ЦЦҲûʲᡣһˣʲûܹᱻЩСˣοҲĴ 

ҪСⲡʺüͷ޳ؾΪԭһʱң㿴һ˵§øˡ 



ĥܿ˷ʺȣڿ˿һ̽аЦԽԽҵˡ 

ͷȥᡣ 

ʺ֪Ը˼ˣȥòһ΢һͦ塣ȴղǰңȡ 



һϻֵĵ߷壬Ƕ϶ƴѹɤһһ̾Ϣ 



ʺһ̳˳ȥȵİ籡˽˳ĴȻ¡ 

ʺƼ΢΢Ϣ´֪һڵһˮϸɾ 

ǿϴˣǵĴû취ˡѾۼʲᶼᣬɫҲûٺ˯ˣ㲻ٹЩ¶ϴǸԼԶδ§סȵȵĺҲ硣 



Ѳ˱ʺƵӰģģǵ컹δʱϻȥˡ˫ȼȻ鲻ֵֹ˻ȥһ˯͵͡ 

ұԼļһ㣬˹ʱʱҲû˻ߡֻһˣ˯ûδȥɩΪһѾȥߴ֣ʱҲδ⡣ 

֪ʱˣȴȻƣһֻ˯˹ȥٴʱǰһ 



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ҹǽʰˣӴͨͨµġûбʺʹЩϴ֮Ҳóȥôɩæһ˹ˣʰ׵ 

ҹֻ࣬໰δü˵Ϊû֪ʱټ 



ʺƻصʱɫīѩ˩ãصԼķ䡣δݣ㿴ԶԶһֻڵ㽥ƽüһƹţתԺС¥ڻǰ¡ 

ʺһԾ¥ϣվǰǺڵ㿿һֻӥ 

ʺкһӥתȦͣϡʺȡӥץϸıͲȡ£üӥ¥ȥ 



죬ȥ̽˵ϢʺðӰַ죬Ըң붯ˣȥټӰӣ¡ 

ǡ䲻֪붯ڹ˼ʲᡣһȥ 



ʺưǷţһӣֽΪɢڿС 

ʺƶ˵ʮģ죬ܾûСĵΪáֵֻûնݳձǳʲ 







׻Ծյ춽ʮָˡÿ깦깦Σˣһ󡣴ȫᣬֹʮա 

̼ûʲ󰭣˷áһ𽥽ĺӣԼǰסħزĺӣⲻԡ 



ʺΪѿûĽڣָϳ»ʵǻãָոմƽ£ҪοһûȥϳѻֻרæЩûʱȥ졣ֻбգԶѾˣʱʱȥ常 



ʮֹԾԴ˸ĸĻʷȴֲֻᡣ 

ʺƴӽύЩ棬˭Ҳ͸¶˸˵һʵҲˣֻǲǼ˵£δ 

ʺȻ±֪죬ֻǶڶۣмЩ¿»Щ㣬Ըɴ಻ᣬһ˵ 



ոĸ˵ĶԻЩʱգԽԽЩҲȥ常֪ĸ常Щϲδǰ 

̱Ҳסڷãÿ밲ǶˣĺܡҲЩΡշĹ߳ 



ձʺưսΣüΪ׼ȷʺлϲ۰ԶճûԸҪȥ常¡ʺƸпǸԣŹûãѾһĴüΡ˵ҪɽϵռȥסǶû˹ˡҶԭҲ쵽ˣÿԴȥ죬һڴӦˣЦջȸԾܳ⡣ȴ֪Ǳεľʧ롣 







ŻŻ 

ſǽǣԼĵ֭³ˡֻŵƮζ̲ס˳òŻøɾǽվɫѿ֮ɫ԰׵ؿڣ亹乡 

⡢⡢ⲻǡ 

ؿǽǣȫģؿЩ΢΢¶һһ£ŪͷΡò׻һЩߵԺһˮϴϴ 

ˮⲨ׹ͻȻӳˮŲɣ˵񣬲֪ʲᡣ 



ףһȥǼƥĵ߳롣 

ع̧ͷߣҲ̫հɡ 

ףˣɫѿЩģѾüûȥˣ˲ȥ򿴿 

û£ĵˣЩ˵Щǿʵ·ݣǲ䲻ȣ¶˵ʱ 

ƳһȳһգЩӰʵСԬҲȥ𣿡 

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£һչԼ첻͵ǿ߰ɣ 

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ˣתصԼķ䣬ʵ˵ĿֻšԼԼ֪ġοҲǵһˡ 



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롣ϣ⼸峿Ķĺ͸Żֻǳθʡƣ֢״Ŀζټһļ£ڸ鲻򵥡ѾкüûȥˣԴӿʼᣬͲٴԼ塣Ǽ٣ǴҲãҲã֮ÿѾڵЦѾΪһδ³çսʧȥһӣִٷҲе 



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תظղĵطѰ˼Ȧһ˵ټüͷĵԽȥȴͻȻһƳһϤӰ 



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ʺȲԼʺơҲԡƣԼү䵭²áü죬ʲǲˣΪϢȣ 

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ԥ̧ͷɫضԼһʹֵʺƣҡҡ 

ղŲǽү᣿ָĿˣ 

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˾١סĲӣе常㡣ʮֹɣ֪常ϲǰԳơ 

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Щԭ˾ǽƻ˵Ұǲ۶࣬׶ں 

תͷϬգ͸Ҳ˸оһǳҲʲףֻҪΪҵܱܵҲһһһ㲻ҪΪܱܵ𣬻ҪΪԼ𣡡¿յĿܣͻȻصЦ̶˲á 

˱ŭһץϵĲյȥһܹ־ɣյȻѣǲˮȴԽ˼ϡ 

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Խͷӽþò 

ѾˣĪҪҡԼڵ壬Щȡ 

ԽȻˣҲýʲűáһ񣬸ںЩϵ¡ƳΣƺҲԾȻתͷԱʺƺϲȻʺƹȻø 

ʺƳüһɨһҶԭŮӤЦЦص˴˱˴ˣϪҲÿ 

˵գͬʱЦҶԭʱô󾽣ɫ 



ŮȥԽ 

Ҷԭŭɶ󣬵ںǰֲ˵ʲᣬֻԼ⼸£ӽЩ߰Ķ 

Խŭӣȴ֮ʾƵıס 



Ҳŭӳص˱ʺһۣ뿪תݡ 

ˣʺƸݣڴ߲˵ϪǽġǺӾϻҶԭ˵ǸĦҮµġһֱԼĺӸǰң˵Ǵһġ˭֪ϪʲìܣѺӶԼˡҲǰսӵϪţ֪µġ 

ԣɻʣ 

ʺƺٺһЦ£һסҺĹϵ 

һ֪ҡҡָָӣȴ֪˵ 

ʺЦģûϵҶԭѺӱȥʱ֪ǸĦҮ˵¡˵Ҷԭֹϵˣҿ˳ɻĽúأ޲Ҳܸϼ˵Ķӣ¡״֪ĶҲƣӶˡ 



ʵҲĺԽ֪£ֻһʱЩͻأٿԼĶӣĸ£Ѿ¡ĺˡ 

֡ģļǵǰʱû󡭡 

ʺư§ڻڶüƿˣȡ 

ʺ̧ۿ¿ʼθڽõԵʣԭƵӷһЩữԵܶࡣʱü΢һ֮ɫ΢΢뵡й˵Ļζ 

ʺ󶯣ǰס죬Ҫ㡣 

ʲᣡһ 

ʺѾضȥ½Դ֪ᣬ̥ϢȣѾûˡǰʹҶԭ˵Ѿȶ̥״ҲʵķûйϵʺЩֻǼӣۡǽռģҲͲס 



94 



ʺƣУС 

ġ˵ûϵģ˵ӡʺѾ⿪ĵһߡȣʹĲ̼࣬ϵѱĲˡ 

쵹ڴϣʺס˫˳Ÿȥ¡Ķӣ͹Ķ괦Ṵ˹սд 

ʵҲǲ룬ֻ뵽ԼĹ죬˵ӣࡣǴ˿̱ʺһòԭȵ壬𽥱òʰ 

 

ʺֻ΢΢ŪͷѾؽ˳ 

ԽԽˡʺĶһ˷ܣ˫ŪķͣؼĴϢֱǵҺ籡 



йᣬز൹ڴϣץоϵҺ壬ָԼѨһĵضСĵ㣬Ҫ㣬Ҫ˺ӣ 

֪ˡʺѹС׼һʵƣԼͦķ˽ȥ 

֪ǲеĹϵﲻտʼǰ£ʪ󣬺ܿڳҺ壬ͬʱҲ˵ĿС 

ʺƳʱоı仯ᣬ̱Ͳס˫ָĶӣ˷ܵس 



ĳлҲоУ͵͵ͻȻоʺһĲ룬ƺֱֱڲɵͽһ 

ʺһǿͣ¶ŵʣˣˣ 

챧סӣһ£ЦҲڴ֣ղźݺݵһ¡ 

ʺƷģһ㡣 

ӦһҪŪѺӣҲ˷ܡ 

ʺٴλɶᣬڸؿС 

Ҳ˷ܵȴ̫ĻӦñʺƸʰҲ̫˺ӡʺһһ涥ƺҲ֮˶ײθܣЩġּʹľϣȴһּĿУҲС 



ʺƵûֹȴޡбѾοͲãܿܲסˡʺҲֻΣ˳ 

ȣⷬ˶һԡҾʺƵķԸ޸ĳһԡأɽȪϴԡ㡣 

ʵɷϣʺƵıǴ͡ĳˡԧϷˮġ 



ʺЦߵ᣿ҪҪȥԡ 

һۣȴ 

ʺĶӣ죬ںӵҲǿ 

ȥɡ 



ڱʺ⣬ԡǿסûҪһءȴ֪ⷬػָ󻶵ġԼҪһЩõʱӦˡ 

ʵֻҪ˵ӣ󻶣Ͼ˶ģҲʮܣҺӺҲϲˮУԸоڶ΢΢ 



ۣڱʺԣܵҸͰġ֮ǰԼһ˻˶Ŀڣ߹¼飬ĵҲǻҽţӸճӶ˶֪ڣ˾ߣһӵĳɳڴӵĳӿ޷С 

ͬʱŨŨҸҲһֲСǸ¶ǰһֱ룬Ư˶ְҸܻĪĲ벻ΡҲһۣǰһжǴһ 



ͻȻһҵļ£ǰһƬѣڱʺƾᡣæƣ뿿ڳϣסʺƵߣûԼ԰׵ɫ 

ʺƲδֻΪ΢΢һЦش§סĦʹ 





***************************** 

̺úޣĺúޣ 

ֺ⣬ûʱŶʧҲû޶١ 

ֺ⣬ǸӳԼǰʱѾĵظֲġ 

ʱµлԶǸԼ̳һеĺӣǸ֮ϵĺӡ 

ڣǸҲˣʲҲûˡ 

꣬һһ㣬Թίʹ춽ᣬɰ̣һ𣬹ѩһ㣬γһǿҵĺ⣬޴й 



һ죬µ˶˵ʲ᣿ 

ǺǺǣû뵽ܣԭ˲ 

֪ʺиĵˣֻҲ벻Ǹ˾Ȼ죡 

ˣ 

˱֮ó 

Ǹϣأܵˣȴ֮䣬ڻǵۼ˵Ĺϵ 



̶յᴵҶ΢ɢǵģƶݵĲ㡣 

֪ϲ裬ȴ֪ΪʲϲȡΪĵĲ㣬ϵζ 



95 



תֹȥһ¡ҲԽƣҶԭҩ壬ʱѲʤ̥ҹ£ʮӰϢ 

Ҷԭϸϸȷ㸹Ӧûһ˫̥ 

ģʺƳüһЩ⡣ȻЩ£Ҳø£ĶӾʹú񵱳ʱģƺЩ 

Ҳһ¡ѹһֱαһز֪ٱΪԼʹ˵Եء 



˵ľϲȣҶԭȴЩǡ壬һ̥ѾܳˣȻ˫̥ҪСˡ 

֪кŮʺƿĶӣЦ 

ҪкŮ 

һһ 

΢΢һЦҲġ 

Ҷԭǵӣǵػ޷˵ڡ 



ϲʱ޷ֹıȴչ 







 

һ͵һ亹 

ʺƷ𣬻ŵˣ 

һʱûлؿһҵļ£ǰһڣᵹȥæʺƷס 

죬ˣǲֳˣﲻʺƼ 

ҡҡͷû£ֻһجΡ 

ʲΣһʺü¡ѾǾѻ˱ʺưѱӸǺãڰҲɿó¡ƺӴһȦ 



Լκܲﲻμзһֻӥצһţ׽ȥ 

ʺƵԭˡҲûʲᣬõĺܣġ 

Ǹղ̫ˣ츹һ궯ʹֳһ˰죬ŵ 

ʺĬƬ̣ӣ̫㡣 



΢΢һʶӡ 

Ҳ֪ȻڻСϻֺã˿ԼӣҲˣˣһ¡ 

ããģ뵽ӽҲ֪Ҫΰãһĵʹ 



ʺƵ죬̫ˣúϢʵˣҴǡ 

̾Ϣһصˣ˵ɡ 



ҹȻڣȴٴθܵ־Υ˵ġĸо 

·ȥҲᣬԼһˡ 



ȴ֪جεڶ쾹ĳΪʵ 

̴׻ɽݷȴɽϮѾ֡СڵĶʮȫɱֻ¿տҲһƬѪǽ壬˺Ӳ֪١ 



ʺѶŭѣҹ˸ϻؾǣɳ¡ 

첢֪£Ǳʺ뿪ɫҴңŭߡʺƲԸ˵£Ҳ׷ʣβ֪ΪΣֱ鲢򵥣һľĸо 

ʺһ߾գһֱδرԺػڱԺܵİƽʱһȻס԰Χı仯ȴóԽӸоԡ 



96 



ʺһ߾գһֱδرԺػڱԺܵİƽʱһȻס԰Χı仯ȴóԽӸоԡ 



ҶԭǲɹҩƷΪñ˴죬ÿζȥԽм£ǰѾܶ档ÿζȥֻôǡ 

ҶԭʱŻԺرɢԶԶҴ߹ס 

Ҷԭƺһ£ɫЩ֣ӽ 

ҩ𣿡 

šˡ 

ɫ죬ʵʲ£ 

ҶԭæûûУʲ¶ûС 

ɡһʵڲѰʺѾûлˣֻǵϢ˵ǳ͢¡ڽ꣬ԺĻŻţڶֻ࣬ǳʲ¡ȻοԼ̫ܾ࣬Щľ 



ֺҶԭ˵˼߳ĲɣŻţʡ 

Ҷԭ̲סӽһ£ȻطˡЩҩҪء 

ͷȥɡ 



ҶԭԼԺȥص䣬غ÷ţȥҩⱻż 

ǷûԼŷ֣һһԭǸġ 

Ҷԭ䲻֪ԭίԴǼŨң漰ǰʧٵķӣҲ֪¹ϵشǼ˸ȥ 

˻ر˵ڣͳȥˣֻ½ղ 

ҶԭƬ̣Ҳǰ취뵽˵ϱʺƻرԺȥָֻ˻һ·ϸ˼ڵ״ʵܲЩ£Ǳ⣬ܸ 

Ϊ˵زס£οȴ¡ԿЩ飬 

ݣҶԭȥǷţȴһա 

ҶԭһæѰңȻ 

ѵѵ 

Ҷԭæ򿪷ţҴұظղŵء 



ҶԭߵĴæһ´һû߹ȥصӣǶʰԭǷš 

챾뽫Ҷԭһ·һֱڷţòοŷ¶һǡ֮£һƳīԼ֣ɣŴ򿪡 



Ҷԭϵʱرߵҡҡ׹ɴʧɫæ˹ 

ӽ 



תĻ־΢ָȴȻȥ 

ӽû°ɣҶԭʣѡס֪ģ˼Ĵ̼ 

ɫҵû¡£һҲ֪˶ãŵ鷳 

Ҷԭվǵصӽ 

ȷһط 



ҶԭһһԺȥ˫ƺ쳣أƶĻ 

ص䣬Ҷԭڴкãȥȡÿշҩ裬¡Ȼֱ۲ķӦ 

ֻǱۣڴͷ˰Σۣµ˰ɡ 

šҶԭ͵Ӧһ 

ͷԼԲ¡ĶӣվǰҽǸӡģҲġ 

ҶԭҲµˡ 



ҶԭڻʱѾ˵Ĺϵڸξסȥ뿪ʱȻ껹СģδֻҪԼӴ⣬ѰټҶԭڼӣ̱֪ԭί 

óǷһֱ߬ţն˽ȥī뵿Ĵִ 

춶֣ϸһ飬ʵ»֪᣿ 

ҶԭûС¼˵һ顣 



ϸѯһЩҶԭģҲ֪£±㱻׳ԼڳķԼڱȷʵ֪¡ 



ӽ㲻Ҫģбڣµġ 

š쳶ЦЦ 

Ǳʺܹ£Ҳ˰͵ҶԭˡȻ֪Щ˵ĿԼ 

ϸ롣֪Լ߽꣬ǽ³еļ׷ˣȴǲġ룬Ҳ²ⲻҿ˭ 



һĻʹˣǺҵˡ 



Ҷԭɫ򾲣ﰵǣʵӽ㡢㲻Ĵ㸰Լɣ 

ܶ𣬵Ȼȥɣһġ 

Ҷԭһֱ߬ǷţвҲá 

򣬲¡֪ʲᣬæЩ˵Ŀҡû㣬Ҳİ취͵ϵġ˵һҪл㣬Ȼ֪Ϣ 

Ҷԭ˵ʲᣬģڣźͱһữΪĵģ 

ҡҷ£쳣ᶨ 

ҶԭǿѹеĲĬĬ˳ȥ 



97 



ʺһƧԺ䣬˽ȥȴȥݿգۼ 

üͷ̴ϸѰÿһ䶼Ź 

˰ΣѲӵ˷׷׻رδֿɵ 

ʺȥվڴ룬ޱ飬֪ʲᡣ 

ү 

ʺƵʲᶼû֡仰ʣǿ϶ 

ǡеֲ﷢£ʵ𾪡ԽǽЭ£Ҫҵӡ 

ɵĵطȴʼûҵõͽҲ֪ǺĿģúƾʧһ㡣 



ʺƲٶͣת뿪Ժ䡣æȥ 

ʺƿīѩǰͷԺӣ˼ 



ʵ̫ˡԷƶʮ˽⣬ÿһǰ档ջһһʮָ֣ĸŵУ˵ϻ׵ر㱻˴ܣ 



ʺīѩڽɱԶԶ˦档 



¿϶й 

ʺʮȷ 

ºпأġν֮棬أڼԽ֮սбԼ˫ȣϻصΪһ󽫣ǵ𶨲᲻ 

˲壬棬ĸѪҺΪ˱𲻹һУֶΡ 

ʺƱ˳һֱ׷飬Ǵʱȴסɣأ˵ͷԣ뵽໨УοⲽΪӪĲԣÿһԼ 

ʺãĻһе֣ƺԼʮϤ 



ס׷ʺƷԸȻȥ 

ʵүҪȥʱ򡭡 

ʺƻִصģûܰתͷ˽ǶظңԻȥɣ 

˵꣬һޣīѩɣת۲Ӱ 

˲ɾ룬˵ү򣬾īѩڣҲû׷ֻӡ 



ʺԺĽ䱸ʮϸԷġĻرȴü 



ס԰뿪ҡҷһһΣ谵ž 

ʺ߽ֻһǰƵ£Ŀȴ⣬֪ʲᡣ 



ˡûж 

˻û˯ 

ڵ㡣콫ϵŵ˸ 

ʺƽӹһۣɫ΢䡣 

ʲˣʲʵ 

ʺ̾Ϣһ֪ҲߣҲ㵣ġ 

ʹĶҪѿ£Ϊܰ𣿡 

ʺſڣҵʲˣʧ˼书Ǹˡ㲻ҵģȴûΪ 

졭ʺƿԡ 

˱ۣסԼڲ˵ʱ򡣵׷ʲ£Ҫ׿ڸң 



ʺס֣Ҹ㣬𼤶˵»ͷβ˵ˡ 

ͷ˼Щ˵Ŀҡ 

ʺƵֻ㣬ҡǲ֪ǵĹϵп֪ 

һһ亹 

ʺƿοֻҵĴ⡣ֻ֪ҡ 

쿴Ƿţ˼Ƭ̣һ֪ʲᣬȻвҡʺƣҪȥԼ 

ʺƱ֪˵ȻУ 

пܾأܡɱ֮ж֮ޡڻ֪ǵĹϵֻ֪¡˵üͷ¶֮״ 



ʺҲͬɻ 



98 



пܾأܡɱ֮ж֮ޡڻ֪ǵĹϵֻ֪¡˵üͷ¶֮״ 



ʺҲͬɻ󡣲£죬̫ˣϢɡ 

ƣҡҡͷҲ˯ 

ʺü㲻Ҫ㲻ΪԼҲҪΪ˺롣 

ӦĻһ㣬еĺͻȻݺݵɫһ䣬ס΢΢ȥ 

ʺƻæˣ 

šüû˵ʺƼˣȥҶԭ 

һסˡ˵ץֱۣ˺ðΣ 

ʺƵҷϴϢ 

ûзԣԼߵߡ 



ʺƼᣬɫʮֲã԰׶ƣ룬Ƕǡ 

ʺʵкγͻԶһͷ⣬ҲĽᷢӡҹͣѰǣκһŹȴƱŪ춹֮һ㣬δ޹ 

ͻɥҲʺˡ 

ʺƵ죬㲻Ҫ̫ġСȴʮĻδػ۸ȥοǼȻдƣͲ 



쾲ۣû˵ 



һҹϸϸڶ԰Ҷһء 



һλµĸˣÿ˱ԺĴţ˵֮УһλԵһ¡ 

ŵ۲֪飬תȥǱǱľСʣľѳأһ䵽ϣ졣 

ɫһףȴᶨʺ̳ȥϲλˡ 

˶֪Ȼǲ鲻ʲġ 



ұȥȻǻ 

ʺƵ찲ˣݳģԼ 

սС˵ͷ 



ǷԼᣬңķɽɽż档˼򵥣 

ʺƴ˰գȴһӰòæظϻرԺȴŵʮӰء 

԰ѲӰ 





************************** 

Իããǰо׹ʹ̧븧ȥȴֱȫ 

͵һò׼ϸܣƺһ᷿СǿӣʹԽ 



֧һ򿪣˽ 

ߴ룬һ˲̵쿴ǰӰһɵŮ㣬ȴ˵ݡ 

ˡ˺ۣ 

̵䵽͵¡ĸĿú񣬵ӽþò 



û˵ֱֻϤӰ죡 



վǸ겻ı顣 



΢΢һЦ䣬ӽû뵽ɣ˱ѣζܰɣҲ벻㾹Ȼֹϵ¡ĸ߻ħŻ⸱ģ 



һֳסأһֻϣ 



΢΢ͷ¶˼״޷˿˿ƣĶˡ˰Σһûáҵ뿴¸ʲᶫͻȻһЦֵҵˣ㲻һˣѹܾСֺ㳤мԭġŹĦҮһ壬ŮŲһڵҪʶʶ 



˵һüԹߣȴƽ͵úܣʮֲ궯ͻȻʱɫҲԽˡ 

Ϊϸ£۲΢״ӽ̫ǲǶ̥˵ҲǣòװӱԺⷬܲסˡ󣬲Ҫ˰ɡ 



츹ʹһһ󣬻ð亹ҲŲסӣ˻ȥ 



99 



츹ʹһһ󣬻ð亹ҲŲסӣ˻ȥ 

תߣ 

𣿡ӽȰ㻹ǹ˺Լɣ˿Ǻ޲ðǧأҪû˰˵꣬תˡ 



ʹһȥͳһҩƿ̫ҲܲˣֻǲмԲûҩҶԭİ̥õҩ衣һڴϾ˰Σ춾øڵ궯Ի 

ϸ䣬Ǽ䰵ңСª޴ 



ǣ֪ǹʲط뵽̶Լĺ⣬ıѣĺ 



ѹֱľᱣסӣѹǷױ͵ҶԭϣѹǸ˿׾ÿԺĴţѹֵ˵жʺһѹ֡ 



ԭѹֻ֣ΪڹǱˣñͰ죡 



วԼĸ뵽ﻹδĺӣΣԼ˺ǡ 

ۣϸ˼ûʲİ취֪˶ãͻȻ֮ⷢŴ򿪣һһССӰ 



һ𣬺һ 

ձһ˦סСֱۣ΢ɾǰһӱԼ 



콹ǵػȴС԰ףһǿɫʪһƬ콫Сĵطһֵı޺ۣ˺·ճѪ⣬Ŀģ 

ֻ顣΢ȶδ 



常ջۣ죬 

ǿҲǸĺӣ죬ʱ죬λ͵ס΢ 



絶ʣСĵ§ס 

ʲˣ쿴Ǹ˵ 

Ľ̽ҲǰԽӡ 

Ȼ 



˵ɱ壬֮ޣҲܲԽȻĹȴ֪ЩбʺƵĸ 

г𣬳ͺˣΪΪһӣŭ 

˵ץСұ⡣ɴ߲СڡСӾǿĺܡСȴмֱ£վһ£ССѵһ£ԳݣмΪһӣȴ֪һҪ룬ܲ˭֪վЩˡתһ룬һһСһҲˡ 



оק½ǣʵ׻ǲʲطˣ 

ЦӽСӻﰲͣҪ룬ˣԻúÿǣ˵˦ȥ 



±ϡ˲ϲʣСڴϣơĽСӣ۽ļƤ˿ɼǣپļⶼڷ 

յ常û¡ 

δɣȴǿ۰οԼ֮úӡֹѪҪѨ˺´ϸá 



ֵ常ҲۣһҲۡ 

ŷԼһ亹ⷬڣٴʹ 

ҧ常ҲۣģһҲۡ 

ţ˲𡣡 

յ常䡣 

£С§ڻΨһһڶϡ 



100 



˼ͷһˮϡӣ´ȡһͷ˺ˣι 

ȻСʱȴޣһһڣ˰ȥ״΢΢ģƣؿڴͷ 

պȻ常һ㶼 

᣿졣 

죬ָĶӵ㿴࣬һ㶼˵㲡ˣԲҡƭˣ 



ЦԷǣȴֻ֪ͣõ常ȷʵˡ常ĺ 

ҲţȻ˵常Ȼɫãһֱӣֽ߳亹ʵ常ˣ 

ЦЦû¡常ֻǶе㲻һͺá 

Сüͷ常ǲǶˣҲͷ˵ȥﻹİͷ 



ʱԵȥڽ߸µӣⷬţѶֻ̥ǰʱҶԭҩʱȥֿæеӽ 



첻ǣǿ˰Σȥҩƿַһ 

һֱſڴϣ常ҩֲͣڶวк棬ֱƬ̣Ȼʹȴ̲ס֣ȥ 

ͷһյСָԼϣ΢΢һЦӿ飬پϺҲûˡ 



ɻص常Ķڶ 

šӦһ¡ 

ŲŲȵ𶯣С˿ڣ 

յ常ڣʲҲ£Сʲᡣ˵Сʱһα游ĳץȥҹЩ˲ԵģҲˮȣڸǰһƣøϺȣɸˡ游˻ȥǱüҵ书˾ͽˡ 



⻰֪ԭʺСʱⷬˣ 

ѾһˡΪ⣬ԼǸѺӳСҪȥһԶȴץ½һ顣 

СԴʵڵϸǶıֻϧ̫С͹㣬ٳܷ꣬һӳȥ 



յˣ˵˰컰֧ſڴϽ˯˹ȥ 

״Ӹ˸ǣеĺӺҲ˯ˣСЪ 



ҹ˯̤ʵо΢æۡһСյͨ죬ð飬ܵ䶯һͷ̣ɴ󾪡֪ûҩ˿ڷķա 



òڽ߶һֱסڱԺڱʺƵı£ȻǰЩõĶֻҶԭļҩѡʱûбİ취סţ˽ȥ 



һַǳ书ǿ˹Чֻбüҵ˲͡ǱʺƳӣ̳ǰǶ÷״̥ǣѵ˲šʴӱѹ˵һ㡣ֻ׹̫ǳ޷˹ˡһȥ̼ǱصĹܿתȴܳ־á 



ߣȥת֪˶ãͷ󺹡أʱȴ˲ˡ 

ɫ֮ʱӳһȥ˿ƣصϣ˯ȥ 



常常 

Ļǿ˫ۡ 

յ常ҡ 

һȻУ֮æգһơ񹦹Ȼͬ죬ֻһҹ˿˴롣 

۷ʲ£㶼Ҫúø常ߣ常ʲʲᣡ 

յͷˡ 



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ͳҩƿַһҩȥһоӦᣬϸĶ 

֮ԽԽȻ򿪴ţȵǴȥĽ̽ 



ǰһȥա쵲סձڻ˼Ĺ죬ȴûжʲᣬȥ 

˰ңԶһƬỤ̃ƺ˻𣬼µһƬ 



ʲᣡߣһһѣѺǿ첽ǰС 

ѿǸԺǰƺǰԺƺǿ·𣬴ò˰ʱͻչ 



˴æѺͱոոԺͻȻһѵɮ˳˳ͷҴܣ涫ʱ˳ɢ 

ʧͻȻ֣һһˡ 

״ǳ 

ȣߣȥ㸸 

պԥת˳ȥɣҹһҹתʱ£һһܹ 

ۼѱſڣ棬ȴһֻССıӰֱȥ 



󾪣ɱȥг˦֣Ǻһֻ̼ڵء 

һᣬȴֱȥ 

ŷȴܹеĽʹһ 

˵һǼӱ磬ɫһףĵصڵء 



常ܵſڣʱ״תҪء 

ֹߣ 

ȴֱһҧ˹ССһƣֱͳȥ߰Զȵߣ㲻常Ļ𣡣 



һ常ѱЩΧסмԼ߱СͷȴһҧתܽǰԺ 



һѣӵڵϣѾԡӰѾʧЩ׷ϵ˾Ȼ˻΢в 

ԼҪöӻȥɹֲñˣ 

㡢ʲ˼ɫ԰ףͷ󺹣ʡ 

أǰԺ˻ҩֻ뱱ʺͬ춾ȻΪĽΪҪ 



ԣѣغһ 

ǰԺͻȻһ޴ĺ֮𶯣ߵǽںȻ 

ɫһ䣬¼ȣѾʼˣ쳷˵ǰȥ죬ȴİԲǽζǰ 

ңһص˲æᣬ¼롣 



ǽȻ䣬ȴûеȵԤ֮еãۣһżϤİ 

Ѿϲ˭ˡըĺԲϵشӶߺ͵ϴ뵽ʺƺʹ˫ֽʹѵĶӣغۡ 

һȥɡ 







൲ϣǽԫѹϣĻҳѪ֪ʲط 

Թȥգӷ͹һɬ 

Ȼǻصߡ 



ͻȻһɣһϤȣ 

ʲᣡ 

̧ĨȥϵѪˮͳңʹĵص磬Ϊʲ 

㶮ʲᣡÿٽǰָ壬ǻܲ 

ǣƴҡͷǸˣ磬㲻Ҫһٴ 

ûдԻҲԻ󣡱˾ˣȴҪ㿴ӣﻹˡǱüҵİֻĸһвŮĹ߿ 

У֪ΪϲŲˡʲҲûԼϲⲻĴ㡭ִصͻȻ˫۵Բ̵شһ磡 

ͻȻȥǰԵ 

ྪֱֵס̧ͷȥʺƱɲһ㣬վ 

 



ȼգȺȡе̥궯ͣ׹ȥ׹ʹкܾǰܹ˫ȼʪˡ 

Ҫ 

ӡ 

ʧȥʧȥˡȾȺӡȾȡ 

ҵȥˣҵ 



常常ۣ㿴һңտڶԡ 

죿죡㲻µģۣҺû£Ƕû£һѣʺһ꣬ˡ 



ůůӿ壬ס 

˿죬ιһŨҩζڿУܻɢ 



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ʺƿ쵹֮£δֻͣεѣڵ£ȥ챧ڻճʪҺ͸ɫѪ 

ʺƲֵѨΣܰγ 

ʺƽᱧ𣬼ŲԺе 

Ҷԭ 



ʺư¾ϸ뵽пԣҶԭУغ 

Ҷԭ״ 

ʺƽҶԭȥΧ׷൳һ֪ٵӣصԺ 



·ϣҶԭ⣬γĶ̼Ѫӿ 

ʹ÷Ӧ΢֡ 

ޣֲݡʺƷֵ˯Ѩ 

ʺһֱ֣񹦻ס˿죬ιһ󻹵 

Ҷԭٶȼ죬ʸᣬѸٴϵƣʱ 



ڷɱµѪȴԽԽࡣ 

Ҷԭɫأһһ룬׼ȷز塣 



ʺɫ԰ףʱϻ죬ȴޱ顣 

˱Ժʺȱ죬ȥ𲽣˻δӰѽңڴϷźá 

ҶԭϽʱʺ֣ڴߡ֪ΪΣģҶԭȻЩ 



ʺһֱԼ 

 

֪ʱ˶ãҶԭ춽һ𣬱ʺƣʵ 

˻Ρжʴ߸µУֶ̥޷ΪⶾҶԭҽʮ꣬Ҳ޴롣еĶ޻֣ңǲɽ⡣Ҫ˶붾ȫƳ⡣ˣ̥ض»̥С 



ʺ߬ȭͷƬ̣Ϊⶾ 

ҶԭĬΣ֮ʱסٳٲ⣬˼ʱ޿ءֻӿ飬ǿǲãںѾ߸£Ǵʱֻ̥ҲҲ 

ʺЩãȻǸ죿 

ҶԭҧȽֹסҲҪסֻҪסӦްڣһ취 

Ҷԭ֪˺ӽⶾҲѡⶾȴҲ·һΣֻҪһĻᣬҲҪŬȻ졣 

ʺĿͻȻһʹæӿʺ˻ȥ 



ЩãȻ֪ٴ۵ʱ򣬻 

ʺƶ΢΢һЦ죬ˡ 

춯˶оԼ֣ȴľ֪ſڣƣ˵һ֡ 

ʺƶ˹Աߵҩ࣬ȵ㶫˵ڻС 



־ƣιԼ࣬΢ʵأ 

ʺƵһͽЪЪ 

֣ü˰죬̧֡ʺƣ룬ȥԼߵˮۡᣬǺЦĿδйܰ 

ɲǼ䣬ͻȻ¡ĸΣҪѺ 

šʺӵ޷㲻£Ҳ£ 

ǿһЦ˵ͷĺۡ 



أǳը൳˱׷ɱ̴Զ֪١ 

Щ±ʺƶûȥˣֻҹҹߡ 

ںʱҶԭҹѪƳ޻ֶԵҩҩֻܻⶾԣȴܽȫ 



ʱĸ¡𣬶һһĥֻҪܰӳǳᣬҶԭһٽ޻ֶԡֻһ˿ȥĻᡣ 



󲿷ʱ䶼ڻѵʱٺ١Ϊֻ˯ܼģԵʴ 

ʲҲûʣʲҲû˵ƺʲᶼ֪ƺʲᶼ֪ 

ʱãùŷҩᣬñʺưԼߣذСԼȥʱ򣬷ҩٶ˯ȥ 



常֪ˣĶбſ츹ͻȻ̧ͷ 

ɫ΢ȴû˵ 

յ常ǲˣ˯ˣ 

ҡҡͷʺƵ֪常б 

ͷʵѵ᣿ 

ʺ΢΢һЦǡ 



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쿿ڴߣۣǸԻ 

յ常µıǲҵĵܻܵã 

ʺƵ常ĺӣȻĵá 

յͷĬ˰Σ֪ˡҲǸ常ӡ 

ԣ춶ݣ뱱ʺһ𾪵ؿ 



컽һȴ˵ȥ֪ʺǾԼġ 

ʺƶûΪʲ룬ֻʵϣԼǸ常ĺ𣿡 

սС߸ߵĶƤϣḧĵãȻԭ常ĺӡã 

գһһ 

˽Сϡ 

쾪ϲ 



ʺԿһĻ޸п𵱳ǧټƽӴߴߣΪȴԵвԡ 



챧ֺȻɿȫҶ 

ʧؽе 

ʺһæǰ 

㡢Ȼȥɡ 

ߡСԴʺȥ 

ʺƽת˷䣬ͻԼԷڴϣԣҪȥϢ 

۾΢΢ͷ𣿡 

ʺ㶣ᶨصȻᣡ͸һ𣡡 

һ 

ʺͻȻ֣۾ĳú졣 



صңʺƱǰľŵøεѡ 

죡 

쵹ڴرߣץᣣָףӿҪ齣ʹ࣬͸֮ɫ 

ʺƣҲˡ³⼸֣ͻȻȥ 

ʺƻæסҪȥ 

һץס֣֮˻ƵصǡǺӣ 

ʺæȻƽʱ̥ 

ѵҪˣ 

ʹصáǡ 

ʺ𾪡磿˸¡ 

죬һ̣ȥ򡣡 



ҶԭܿˣȻҪٲǰã 

ʺɫ԰ף֣Ҷԭǲ̫ˡǸʧȥĻԶΪ㲻ãס˺ĥزˡοһ˫̥ 

Խϵþһ֣ԽǶ첻 



Ҷԭ˵㡣˫̥Ҫġ 

Ѿ۵üԣԣۣһһҪסӡ 

Ҷԭԥһ¡ӽ˸£شȻʱѹƣǺӲܲӰ죬֪Ƿȫ뵽ԼΪõİ̥ҩãӦûкܴġ 

ҶԭҾ 



컹˵ʲᣬȴͻȻһʹصĸǰһڣ춰ס˹ȥ 



ʺﾡ亹 

Ϊˣȫѹ߱ƤǺɫģ˿ҲȫϣԸ޷ԡһֻҲԣǰ뿿֪ʱ̣ҲֻܿҲ࣬ɱʺ§֧ס 



ȥʹѹ֮ʹȥ˷֪ء 

ʺƵϣһֱԣù 



켴ʹ֮УҲʹѾˣʹ̾Ϣһһһʹ 



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ʹʹ 

첻ʱΡƺһΪʹĴȾһһ飬ͣرˢϴŰ 



ã㣡㣡 

ģؽȴȫһʱ֪ٱ˵ڵѾܸɾʹĵزΪ˫̥ʹҲǼӱġ 



Ҷԭֹ֪ۡΪ̥λϣĺ㣬ʱڻԣò壬ûİ޷Լºӡ 



Ѿʹһһҹ֮Ȼ϶ȴѲأ 

ʺһֱǹ˰ҹǳ࣬١ʺɫ԰ףɫòȥ 



Ҷԭ˿죬ιһ󻹵ҪȻŲˡ 

ʺãȻصͷҶԭķԸ뱧 



 

챻ͻȻľʹѣ˻һۣģؿҶԭڴϣ˫ֳȭڲϼѹĸ 



죬ƵĺѾŤֽץסʺƵı۰ֱǶ 



ʺ亹ؿҶԭԲ¡ĸϲͣ°ÿһζֱѸʵĸһһİ 



̫ʹˣ 

ʹֱ޷ݣƺڵҪǿѹһ 

쿪ʼȫܶȴڲͣŤڣ紹㣬Ŭ 



ʹ࣬ʺʹԼ޲ܰʹһ뵽Լϡ 

ʱʺҲڳǵʱ˷ŭ֮⣬Щţȫû̿ 



ʺƽ죬ϰͽڣʹൽµı飬ﾾһš 



֪һġ΢Ӥڷʱʺȴûע⵽ 

Ӽͬʱģһһᣬƺһգ۵ʱͽˡ 



ʺһֱ졣 

ںӵһɲǣͷԲ˫ڵͫӳԼ԰׵ݡ˲䣬һĻһĻԺӹ 



һǸҹῡѾ졣 

һ飬Ǹ·Ĭ¡ 

һνϣǸʹǱ졣 



󡣴İ·ϤϤ˺˺֪֪మ 

·ʮꡣ 



еʹڲ͡ 

ԭǾȻʱ⡣ 



ʺȥҺʪķ˿ز԰׵ӣ΢΢ 

죬ȥҪ뿪ҡ·ǿһߣ 



ؽ١Ĺ͸ӳ˽ 

ҡҷ𣬲֪ʱһյֻʣͷһһһػζ 



ˣúϢɡҶԭ̾Ϣ·ңԶ紫˺þúþã͸ʺƶ 



ǣӦúúϢˡʺƵܵͣܵ 

ҶԭӨˮ˳գأһһΣϡ 



105 β 



һĶرֱʮѮĵһѩٵģϸƮ䡣 



죬벻뿴֪ϲµġȻѩˣûϵܲᶳ㡣 

ʺЦùһãϸΪ촩ãᱧԺů¡ 



ʱԲʱ򡣵ԣͣɢ˵ 



ʺͻȻҵһο㣬ҲһҹԲҲһ䡣ɽἱһɫװӢˬͦο㡣ʱұΪ֪Ǵ׷ɱ۷һĴǿ㣬ȴЩ⡣Ȼߵǰֱֱҡ 



ʺư£бůϣ§ø 

Ҵûм񿴹ҡܸɾ峺̹ʣֱӣһֻԾʱҾ룬һҵļⷣһҪߡ 



ʺЦһ¡ 



ҰѼø㣬Ȼһ仰Ҳû˵һɱˡΪ˸ҲΪȨֻΪɱѡȻããȻվȻڷĻ궼֪ɵȥˣһûСҿĲӰ룬˼Ҳδ̫ˣڽģ 

ʱĽֻҪһӣϱ㲻κκۼ 

֡ʱһ˿ûתͷȻᣬͻȻعͷҡ񡭡Զǡ 



ů⣬ѩ裬¹ӳգһƬ 

ʺɫ룬ңԶĻ䡣 



ԸԸߣԥشӦˡ˾죬ֵܣ֮Ҹط㣬֮ºáȻʹʹӦˣһʱ䣬òľġ 

㷢ģΪᱳҡҲԥˡ 



ҽţеĹأ˲Ĳ硣Щ֪ȴŲʣ뿴 

û뵽ЩѲ㣬ʱ䣬ķڷºͣԵֺã׺ͱ˴һƬΪ˱ӣòԶԭֵܡ˭ҲСغʹұ־룬ֻһһҡ 

ʱһΪԸ⸶࣬ȴϰˣΪȻһ㡣ǳٶ۵Ľ 



ѩůϣһ΢ 

ů˿Ӱ죬Ϣ죬˶̾Ϣ 



ʺָüۣ¶֮⣬ͷ´޷ 



죬Ϊᰮң֪Į飬飬˭⡣ҲɫϲŮˣȻϲˡ£޷⡣ 

ңȻ㡣ע 



ڹ֣ʹʲᶾҩҶ£ȴƫƫҩʱ־壬֪˶ˡһǵõʱݵ̲ѪĿġ㾹Ȼû˿Թ 



֪ί£Ȼ˵һǽġȥڸξӣ֪㲻Ը⣬ɻûдȥʱҶ䵭ûйֹңûԹң 



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ʺ̾Ϣһʲ£㶼ҡҰߣҲԹȢ̣Ҳޡܶ˰ݣ 

Ҳ֪Ӻʱʼ㾹ҪҷʱѶ񣬿ӱ޵ĸȥ˼սʵʱģԼ⣬ܾʮֵĲ˼顣 



ʺƸһı̲סǡ 

Ұ㣡һˣ컯Ūˡ 

л죬Ǹ㣡죬졭 



ʺ嵭Ƴ̾Ϣ 

Ҳߣһ롭 



һᣬϲã꣬ĵأǲ԰׵¡ 

ʺƵͷᣬ˴˵Ĵ֮䡭 









ꩤ 







ᷬϼ by ʮ 



ʥHE淬^_^ 



׽ҴһҲ쳣ࡣٵϣʱʱһЩ·ƥʱ¡ҿջ⡣ǶʮţǴʮһĹٵ 

Сڴɨãľ飬˽հӦòʲˡԶ¯Ķ䶯˶æӭ˳ȥ 

ǰƥԸͣڿջſڡ 



Сûῡ 

Ϊƥߴ˶ͨȫڣīһ㣬ֻȴѩǰһɫĵۡ 

ƾǣľ飬Сٰ׳Ҳ֪ƥѵõǧﱦƾǣֱľ飬СȷǵҲǲС 

뵽˴СæְҵֺáϡЦݣ˵ 

͹Ҫס޻ǡ 

ĻȻֹСƽһβҵԼģСơֻϿµǸˣʵ𺳡 

һɫۣеİáݴ뱻ëУֻ¶һ˫޳˫ 

СС꣬ʲûʱסĲǰòʡ˫ˮȴƳ֮ʣһĺڵĻʱסһ롣 



ԹԵ¡ضԲǸǵ 

С˲䣬жϡ 

СҪסޡ 

һº͵𣬶ʱղŵĺӰ١ 

СæعͷȥƥɫĿˡλ˴ʮͣһϮɫãĿӢĶЦһøС޵ĵ˪׺۽ǵƣҲƾһεĸо 



ǣǣ͹롣Сóרҵʣٴζϸղű˵Цݡ 

ƥǣԺר˴СֻصǰкˡղŲ֪굽ȥǮƹҲͻȻð˳ڵк 



λ˶ƤãλĿ˸ֽ֮һԵĵϣİɫ۰ڴ˵档 

С͵͵һۣſòȻǸˣ˵ͣȴΪƤûһ˿ƣ۵ȴһɾʱ䴸Ĳɣ˸оѾˡ 



ñˣϵȵĺòϼһ㣡شƹģԸ 

ǡǡƹֿ죬ͷӦ֪ʱ˹͡˵һһ֣һ̧㣬֪Ǹˣ½۵ӣģֹȣҲ֪ǸӸߴˡ 



ʺƣˣǶҲԲˡü԰˵ 

ʲᣬСطҲʲòˡԵòģֻϲġ 

ʲ᲻ϲġձ㵽ˣһ·㻹ͦס 

ЦǺã㵱ͦסˡһ·¶ޣúˣΪʲҪΪСԼ 

ƺЩЦԷǣʺƣСӿӡ 

һ˵Ҫ֪ջֳЩҵԸûСӣ 

֣Īǻȥ֪ˡ 

˺ͻȻʡʲᣬ죬֪û˼ 

ţ֪ 

Ŀӣ΢΢һЦ˵Ĭ˼ƣֱõСɵۡ 



˺ܿˡƹѵ֮ͣȻҪú׬һʣǷƵģջĲ˶ٶˡ߰˸˰һӡ 

Ǹ˶˼磬˼ڵĳ˳㲻ٳˣһֱ˼Ӳˣǳżһ䣬˵˵ЦЦǢ 



ţָֻĮƹĵҪطϢ 

ǣǡƹز÷ԸæСϷȥϢ 

ȵȡ˻סǣʲʱ˵ҪϷˣ 

ţƹĺСе¡Ǿֹ磬߹󣬷ݵˣѵҪϷҪס·ɣ 



һϷɣ˽Ը 

ƹĺ͵СԣɻϷȻʣҲԴһЩ˼һ𣬻ǻ᲻̫ɣȻǮסϷαСֻҪһ䣿 

Ʋƹĺ͵Сû˵ʲᣬæ¥ȥˡ 







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СҡͷԵ¥ȥλˮ 

˶óȻǰ˵ݸߣλӦ֮ϡǸղżʱǰֺˡ˷ֻ˾̽ŵϴϢԼϽȥ 



ֻõˣ˵ͣ˵ѣ־òʲᡣѵֵܣǲԶˡ˲²͸ǵĹϵ 

С氡ˮصͷǰڴͷ̬˵ǣǶǵĹϵòˡ 

ǺרҵʵġԼᣬ֪Ȥȥˡ 

ǰض˵˵ʲᣬʱСȴؿӢͦº͵ϣȾһ䲻ƥĵΣһӦǳ֮ΪҸϲá 



ᷬ⩤Ԫ 



һյһƣһһͯСġ 

̴¯ɢŵ㣬ڻƻů¶ȡ 

һ˾ߣáͺᣬʮңϸɫ£澫ϽͼٱӺݡ 

Ღ˲СģС鳻ھµƤϣġˡ֮㱡˫΢΢һ򣬹һ˿ϲǵĻȡ 

ƵĿУ˺Զ˫ͫӳ֮ɫ֪δ 



Уƺص˿ůĻĴĸԼǰᰲģǣ·˼伫µľ˳һӹţûһ˿ʡ 



ͻȻЦ֮ƻսĻϦ͸֮ɫ 

վߵǰƿȿȥԺӰϸϸµѩᶯԾ 



£У 

ŮЦУڵķϵʱ䵽һѩţɢһͷһ硣 

ãҲѵ㣡ץϵһѩǱߵĻŮܹȥ 

Ůܿ 

еİѩһͷһǸŮȥסӣУֻء 



üͷ¶֮ɫ 

겻ΪһЦĪҪƭңְϷҿɲϵ 

ǸŮͻȻֹס֮ȴ̧ͷǶڵϣ˫ 

˵˸ղŵĻʱȴֳԥ֮ɫֽһŮȻûվ˼Щҡȥ˵᣿ 

ȻŮΣͻȻ̧һôѩҵϣеûУ 

Ǳվѩɫ죬Ƭ̲ٶ׷˹ȥ 

˵ӰһһƣͥԺȻɣϸȥֶ˵òһģһǻЦ⣬Ҳһģ̳ġһԷ۵˫á 



￴ԺЦ֣Ҳ¶ǳǳЦ⣬òϣЩ߰˷ֵФ 

ʶϵСģƮ룬ֻصǸңԶʱգԼſ˸¡ĶǸϣıʲģůĴָԼСԴһ̻˵ĻһȴͻȻȻḸˣҪߣԼȴץֲϷšʹ֮УҲ˺߬Ѿףֻ֣Ȼ 



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ӿڴǰδĺסͷ­羱ͣغ 

ûԼ˲촽Թߡ 

ҽ˶֪ 

üصϵҩζأ᲻֪ء 

ҩζ𣿡һæţ૵˼Ѿԡˡְͷ嵽ǰȥգ˼Һ㰡 

ԣˣһץס»֣εü 

գգ޳ĵۣаȵһЦʲˣȴʵ̽½ζ 

վҪˣ㰲ֵɡ 

ͻտǴʮֵҲ֡˵Ϳ֬һٺ촽ȥ 

Ҫֻ֣ҶҪùˡ˾ֵסġǡص 

ƳСģͫһĨ⣬Ц㵱Ͱ͵ظϻ 

ԣüһĪʲ£ 

˵أ 

㣡һƿĵӿǲС 

ǵȻηЦЦϸ޳ĲɿɰС°ͣҸ󵨵²Ҳᡣ 

˲ߣбơЦؿƣȴƱ£ٺȡ 

ˣﲻѽ¶ɣ˵Ŀ״޹ص 

˵ص¶ǲᣬҩɾͲ˵ˡ 

ҧ´ίԹɶҪϧˡȴΪ˵㻹ǸϽ׼׼ɡҪ͵ĺá 

ʲý͵ģţ˵穤һЦȷһҩھ˼һҩģ㲻֪᣿ 

ɫһݡʵԼһֱע⣬δ¶ֺѵǸɳ֮ 

һЦ֧ף¶ذСۣصЦѣĪҪ档 

˶ֱ޿κ֮谵𣬰Ѷӳұ쳣һȻζ 

һʱĬ֮˹վ 

ˡ 

˵ͷҲվԣճסţˣʲᾪϲҲˣʲᾪšҪŶ 

㻹¾ŰԣЦ˲ЦʱһЦ·ѩڣ滨˲ɵôס˰ΣͻȻץס֣ʲҲ£һʲҲ¡ 

Цݣû˵ȴҲûˤ֣Լһ̤⡣ 



ᷬ⩤˽С 



 

š߽䣬˭֪һ棬վƬ̣ͻȻӦʱЩʧ롣 

죬ˡʺԡͰӦһ 

²֪֪ԡ 

ûϵʺƲΪ⣬˫ۣʵؽˮУȫʱˮϡ 



޴롣ûķԸ뿪ҲδѯʣҲԿڡ 

ʹͷȻĴɫϴԡϽˮҲɢ㣬вʱʵغڴش̼ĸй١ 



Щգ֪ԼΪʲţˣֻܽӲԭء 



ұʲ£˺ðΣ켸ҪǷԼǵʱ򣬱ʺ춵ڡ 

šŽıѾˣֲĻ㱨ҲˣѾãֻпյʱġ 

죿ܸɣȻûпˡʺƶԼ˴ӲͣԸҰӵݹ 

ʲʲ᣿ 

Ǳߡ 

ǡæƹ磬ҵĳۣعͷȴʺѾվվľͰָʪغڷ 



۵գ޳壬ƮɢϢһּĴ̼ҹ飬ʹİҲɢĹâ 



ԺȻһۻĿѣ̱ӻ˹ȥ 



죿ʺֵʡ 

Ŭѹ༤ҵֻǡֻЩϰߡ 

ʺƲΪ⣬ЩЦῡ佫Լֲ꣬ǲµСʲúߵġο˶ˡĲӶ͸ˡ 



ԡͰʺƽһ˦Ҫȼ򵥱һ¡ʣµı 

ǡԥһ£ͷ 

ţ 

ǲ˵ĺá 

ûϵһ͸ˡ 

Уһ죡 

ʺ΢΢һЦС󣬻治֪ʲû뵽յ佫ԼΪԼ𣬻˭֪Ȼӭж⣬˿δҡ 



ȻԼûпˣ 

ʺصͷȴǲԡɾĲӸ£Ҳɡ 

ӹ˰βŷӦǰһ߰ʪĳһ߱еֻǲ˳ڷ֣ȴ΢΢ 

 

 



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ǰɡګګЩǳˡ̾˿ҲʱԼĸġҪϵɾ 

ҺûȻصƿʺ޷Ц㿴ԡ᣿Ҳûϵ㡣һ˵Ѿȥ 



šʺơ 

죬벻šﻹǡǡ 

㡭ʺơ 

ʯ֮УһȪˮӰ֯һң㣬಻ݡ 



һμҵײ֮ᣬͬʱŷϻõĶ塣 

֮䵽ˮУһЦžˣ 

ƺûƬ̲ŵͣˡ 

ʪ޷ʺƵʲֵͣ׳ء 

ҡҡͷ㿴޷׵͸ˣʲᡣ 

ãϾˣ㡣 

סϸϸؿһҲû䣬ҵģ 

ʺ΢΢һЦ§ס˵ɫ˥ڡҶİԽԽּأ 

֪ԭȻˡ 

ء˵ˣԽԽ㡣 

ʺƣԽԽˡ 

飿ҵãĻѡ˵궢һûء 

ȥˣҿ˵ڡ 

ʺЩˣû˵ǰҲûУ 

콩סϸ䣬Լȷʵû˵εصȪݵ̫û᲻ġʺƣǻȥɡ 

УʺһѰͼ뿪Ӱ˻ڱüһ˵ 

˵ʲ᣿ 

Ҹղ˵ʲ˵ʲᣡ 

ʺƣҶαػҪ˵ 

УһҪ˵ 

ĬĬضƬ̣ԽԽģСʱòҪĶƢʱı顣ʺĪĺ㲻ټ֣ðɣ˵ 

ʺƴϲɫһ 

쿴伫ƣɻܱԼڴ飬ԽˣʱһƬůҲ㣡 

ʺû뵽׵˵˳һʱס˰βŻɵص̬ȺǶ¶һ㡣 

ᡣ͸ƢҶһᡣ 

ʺҲǣɻǾղ˵̫ͻȻˣԼûһ׼˵һ飡 



ҲԼΪλ׵ѿڶһж˵һ֮˵ڶ飬ܻһθס 

̾ϢһסصʺƣҰ㣡ܰ㣡Ҳ֪ԼΪʲڶʮǰǸԲ֮ҹҿĵһۣͱ۷ˡ 

ʺ΢΢һЦӳǬ֮ɫʢꡣ 



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