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ԬҵٶȷᣬҾô˿̵񾪹֮һԶ񾭱Ҵȥҽòã 

ȥϵĺˮȻסҵ󣬶µ촽òײ˵˶Ļ𡭡뿪 

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ʶŤͷһԬĴȻ̿Ӧ˯úܰȣûзκ졣 

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ǵųһ˶Կ׵İȫ⡣滹һһϣ˴򿪲ȻȥǻԻһ˽ϡ 

ţϣûκˣû˵ĻԼϣ˭棿˯Ժˣ 

˭棿ⷲǿ֣ 

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Թ򵽵ϣԴӵµŷ쿴ôҲҲòſڵơ 

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ҵ͵͵ȫڵϣڽͶڣȴҲס 

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ԱԱߴľʧصļ 

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ϴ˹ųİ֣һײ˼δ㿪ʼš˵ĶҵˣܿΧΧһȺˣߴߴָָ㡣 

ĵϣһǴź󣬿ֱЦ߳ҵļ磬ǲŵˡʱҾͺݺݵһȭҴŻᱻЦϺܳһӣͬѧһҾͻᳰЦҵ뵨С˻˵Ǹ˾ŵվ꡹ȻҿܻᱻΪȫУʮЦ̸֮һȻ󡭡 

Һ˼֮ʣű˿ˡ 

ľȻؿŴſڵıȻһޱҵĲҽľĿкӵ˺Ȼ񿴵ΪֲĶһȻУʱˣ˶ڼп񱼡 

Сûȥֻǲرҵļ磬ʶؽ§˻ȴôҲֹסҵĲ 

ΪʲôѾ˱ЦһӵĴ㡭ʵȴȻֳϵһ桭 





 

˵˶еУңԥϿյǰδеؽΧѧУ⼷˸̨ļߺͺȺҸ˷ֱŲͬٵѯʣһһشſСֹ޽Թȵȡ 

ûпֵ״ӾϸпԴõĴϣȫⶼˣѪģ֮Կ׹ǣѪңذȫʺѪˮ 

״̵ľ춼ɫҰס 

˭Ϊʲô 

Сʱѯʽ󣬱ǰΡ̵ԼУķ̸ֱһڿοǡûȥֱ˵ʲôûȥװµģֻ¶ظڰεᵽңһ 

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ûӦȻȫĬҺ뿪Ц˵ЦȴһƬհס 

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ⷲڼž֮ͶһףҵһʼʧءҲ¶ͬ⣺ǡˡģôΪĵҲ޷һ˶ʱȫؿѪģ 

ǡƵһһѪֱǰһ˺ŴмʿӲطֳ룬У˶û 

ҵһʹԼѧרҵ˽״Ѷȣֵ̿ķʲô 

ӦƻʬӴߵİɡϾ¥ǺܸߡŲŷûˡСӵһ˿ 

Ӧкۼ£Ǿ첢ûҵκοɵ㼣ָƣϴеؼҵײţֻвʮӵʱ䣡˿Ѫô̵ʱڼ𣡣ѪǱƻĳѪҺȫС 

˵ˣľָּߣڿ𣺡˵ʲô֤ʲôǾ£Ҳʲô컹˵Цȴûˣ㻹𣡣 

һʱٶȰֻдԴصĺ 

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ô˵ȴƶǸϷйءΪ뵽Ǹҹ̵ĺӰҲĲеκһˡ 

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ҡľ֡Ԭػشš 

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ϴЩʵȥŵزϴ֣ʱϵ۾֪˼ԲߣȻĿǰĴһǸȴ 

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вɾĶΪôбҪġûвɾĶǴҲˣ𣿡 

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ľߺ޵ץĵ죬ҸԬæѾʧصľ㾾ƽ֡ 

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Ҫĸ𣿡ϴ˷ϵ۾˵һԬһ˭ 

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Ϊ֪Ϊ˵Ҵ˿Ȩ˵ҪǣҲϣԼҲľһ˿ɱӱҵȶǻڴ 

ҿ˿СӸƽСӺԷǳ£ƺֲҾֻܾôͷһ졣ֻ̾ýĿͶġ 

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ҾûҪĺȻ˵һҲֻ֤ȷʵһˣôܸ𣿡 

˼ʲôϴϣֱֱؿġ 

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ҿһԬͬңֵǣûйκĬǣȴ˲·ԶԷ 

ȻɣҸԬ͹ˡ˵ 

û˾ͿˡԬ͡ 

ںȻְϴĺڳ˼ʲôͬҪ档 

ǡҼ밵ʾϷܴΣԡ 

ϴҡҡͷЦҿϴչҵְ 

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һ˲䣬ҵıͷġҼæЦ˹ȥȴβǰδеĸж 

ҲʲôͬҸԷΨֱ֮Ķֲʱÿ˵ĵһʶԱϧһбԷֻС˵вŻֵľ顣 

ǣ˿̵ȴͬĸоԭģ˫εַļ磬ѣȴܽ˫εֻһݳʵİȫС 

ҵĿƳСӣشͷȻһݡ֪ʲôСֻǵСˣָδϡ 

ҳ֣Сԥԥߵߣ£ȫˣκ쳣ҪϿȥǣˡ 

СصͷҳͷŲ˼Ц 



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ϴдĸֽƽм䣬Ӧֵָֻмһ֧ԭӱʡ 

˵ʼ˾ʿʼʡϴ˵ 

û飬ϴ˵˿ʼұס۾һգգضԲʵıʼϣٲǰһʹ 

ãһֱм䣬ż̫ȵΣʼûƶ 

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ҲֵֻǱ̬ɱ˿ĶֱʣǸķǿѧԶ޹ϵǲǺܺ 

ҺȻֶԲֵĸоûΪֻԼǷΣա¡ֻšĸӿʱһʱ俼ǵĻԼ 

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ԭӱڻƶҵԭӱƶҲ˿ˣûôӦûǣŶԣ֪˵Σ 

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ԭӱƶţ˺üĸǲƴκ֡ӢĽҲֲǵʣ˵ֻڶѣ 

ϴһַֻ۾ʵҶ𣿡 

ԭӱƶSͣһ£ȻƵHٴͣһ£ҵȻһҪشSHIж֣ 

ػͣ£ȴЩ㶣ΪͣˡBϡSHBʲô 

ƴӢģͶǣ 

񡭡顭Ԭ 

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ҲӦʵֱӵ㣬硺ǲɱġߡĿʲôһġ 

ҵĻ䣬ȻԭѾͣµıٶȶΪ״̬£û˿עһζҵ񾭼̱ˣ 

ҲؿԭӱֽϻŻȣȻղͬڶǲûҵֱĲСǳֱ۵زһǸ 

ƶţһĺԲ滭ԲȦֽϡֲûͣǼѭʲ߹λٴλȦ 

ⲻǻģĸ˵ƶҲܻôԲȦҵڶȦȻ˹ȫȫԭеĺۼûаƫָܻԲ 

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һȦһȦһȦ 

ظоٶȿʼӿ죬·Ԥʾĳ˺㤵ԤУҵѾȫͣʹűʼӿƶٶȡԽԽ죬ԽԽ죬쵽ҼҪԲȦȻûκδλļűʼĿĥҪŰֽ 

סַ·ԭӱϣȫľת޷ܵĸ٣ 

Ȼվ𣬳ѣϴҲһ㵵վһֻȥǿקűʵ֡Ҿǵָʲô𤵽һ𣬸޷ 

ſ֣ϴȻȡ 

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ͣô죡 

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Сӣ 

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ӵľײԭӱֽλ·תһ˲ʧͬʱ˦˳ȥǱص˵ϡ 

⴫һʲŵĶˡ⿪ʼţѯڵȴȫڵϣŶ 

ܿ죬Ա˷ţբʱֻаɫɷ׵ĴѧǵĿⶼѾԲȦУλԲĵĸϣSSʲôSHISI˵ɱֵˡ˵Ŀǡ 





 

ȻѾ賿ŷԱȴɫ죬ڵζᣬ̰ǵİർʦУٻѧУССһڰСʱڱ㼯˱Уи߲ʿ 

ǵĴСĶǵСΪʲôϾһѧѾΪ죬ѧֲ֪ʲôĪ¼ 

һֱǽ̸ţҵһηԭ˵ᣬᵽǶ˥СһСıֻ˭Ҳû˵ΪššĬš 

һεĽ˭ҲԸ£Ըκˡ 

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ӵӵͲӵ⣿˺飿ֱӽ̵ 

ҿЦһ£ӵȴٶȳϣһһвѡ 

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ĳĬŽһݸңҽֽڵϣȼѸŰɫֽźܿ챻ڸǣջΪҽҲĪ̤ʵС 

ҽǱĳֶϵļ롭ΪѾʼһвֵܳ½ǰѻҽҲָֻΪһŻźԲȦİֽ 

֪˶ãϴڻˣһЦУ˵Ը⣬ԻؼϢ졣 

ҲáЦһֱڴϵСӣСӣҲǱе𣿻ؼסɡ 

Сӵı΢΢ɶˣֻǲ˼Щ˵Ͼֻһ뿪Ļ񲻿ͬ۹õӱ 

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ģҲǱеİɣҲ뿪ɡ 

ƽû˵ֻǰڴϣ컨 

ԬǼϵİɣȥƱɡ꣬ǺϵİɣԬһȥƱɡϴѾʼյг̡ 

ÿ˶ֻһû̫දʵҾؼҲûʲôʵԵĸı䣬ҵĸĸڹ⣬ڼֻһշӰˡ 

Ǻǣһסڿյķɹغһ޴ڣֻûҲˡ 

ҺȻʵҵĵӺССÿ 

һСԱǿ˯Ҫصˡÿ˶µػصԼĴϣܿ죬ұһƬ 

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˯˰ɣ̵Сеʹ߽ʲôĺӣܳʱ䶼ΰɣ 

ҴһǷ˫ۡҹҵҲСһðɣ 

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ҵȻѣˮ 

һķԶôܻˮ 

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ҼҪгΪ˯ǰţȷȷûκ 

ȻƵĵƹ⣬ҿԿһɫӰƿţ˽ͬһֻǴ˿̵̫ѣʶû߶ֻƽƣлһֱֱġƮ˽ûнŲûкʲôҲûС 

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ҺȻˣѡұȽϺѡ˱ȽϺ 

ȻһΪЩ飬͸ЩҾԼΪ˸ڣȻ˵ӵ˽һ˲䣬ҾϣǱңϣеĲҶٵϣҪҡһ̶ѭе˶ҪңҲϣԼһ 

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һתӭ濴Ԭͷ˹һ۱ִҴҵͷһҲ 

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ҳһֹԭ򣬡㿴һӰվҴߣ 

ס˫۵ȻսʹüͷԬȴ־ϲؿңܿҲܿ 

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ʵڿֳµǰһҲˡģ˵ʲôûҲҪǣǿֻšԬ黺Žҵսѡһ̷ 

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Ҽæӹ绰ͲǶ˴Сɷǹɵ磡 

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޴ĴҵĽŸȾˣǶΧߡҵֶԣؿʼ´ϴŵôˣȴϾشֻ˼ţȴͷһƬհס 

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Ҳ֪˭ңҶŻͲֽֿУǿ֧ڳĴ̳Ѻۣһ˲еļȫ߽⣬ѹ˶Ŀ־벻ȫĿ޺ұǿ˵绰ȴקסͲ绰ڵأͲгäȴֹסԼĿ޽С 

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СӡҵɳƵš 

ϴҴ˵绰һֱͨ 

ҵ˼άȻӰεˮҵĻ졣Ȼ𣬵´ȴڽŽӴһ˲һˤڵء 

ŷԼ֫û˿̫ѨλʲôӲһۡ 

꣡û°ɣ 

Ԭæңҵ˫ֲѣֻܱܵץסĸ첲סġ 

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ԤдĪˮԺҲ֪ʲô֪Ƿֻʵĺ˼룬֪ҲܶﰵΪСӣ׵ܵһǵСӣ 

ԬͼҴͷΪ˿̵·ȡѾú޲˷йþƿԬײײرУҽңȴûܳױ˫һٶˤڵء 

ɶ񡭡 

ҴδԼҹֻܺ޺޵ȭ鳴ŵ档ȭͷʹȴԶؿڵϢУѾӿˮ 

ΪʲôôùЩ£ΪʲôҲС˵еӢµħֿΪʲôҳ˵ĺСߵûУ 

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ɶ񣡿ɶ񣡡 

ҷߺ޵ĸŵ棬طйš 

ˣ꣬Ҵȥˣ 

˫ֱԬץסǲĲȴȫҵġ 

Ԭ߳ѧУżѧĿ⿴룬ҸԬɫһѿþˡ 

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ҿųɿľȴûҵһ˿ơ˫ȭţظоָѾġȴ޷ֱеʪֺѪˮգ·ҿҵ 

СӼסڳһ԰ʽСڣǼƳ̳δ߽СĴű㱻ˡҿСŵǰΧ۵ȺԼͣСǰľʱһֱ漣㰲 

ҵԤСǶԵİɡ 

ҵĺһϣСӻȻڱһ£ȻƤЦҴк 

ǣĵȴѾƶܣԶܡ 

һСӳ£̫ˡ 

Ԭҵļ磬ֻεҡҡͷ˿̵Ѿȫ侲ûĻֲ̿ûĵӱˣȫľһ㡣 

֪ʱѾټ˿ 

ҴӵȺ֪ǺáʱһȺСʻȥһ£æ˹ȥ 

ҺȺĻٷǳóǸŵӿ˿ң漴һ㶣æ³ 

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죬ϳ𲮸ɫٶȽ 

ҸԬ˳ؽСڣСӼҵıǰѾͣ˾˾ѳͣú󣬽𲮸Ҵææ˳ֱһȺ 

ȺǸ޵÷ǳҵŮӦþСӵɣ 

һ𲮸˵޵ø 

ȻȺɶ콫ɢȻ󣬰µҽԱ̧ŵ˳ҿ̧ϵ˭Ϊײȫظסˣ 

Ǿ˵ϲһ˵ˣһʬ塭 

Ҵ͵ؿҽԱ̧˳ϳźХȥȴôҲزȻؿžȻ뿪ķԬطסҵļĺܸмССľٶΪҵһ֧ŵ㡣 

ߵ𣿡һűµľһ¼ǣǵֳִʱͲûзźãƺͨ绰Ѿ鵽ͨ绰ǴԥѧѧԺһңҲǰסҡ˵ߵѣϣǿЭ顣 

ʲôߣʲôǰҷŭһץסо죬ĺенӣ֣ 

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ԬͺŽקľѾΧԬҵǸûӿһˮģǰľ 

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Ҵſڽ࣬ȴ֪Ӻ˵𡭡 

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ĸ侲㣬ڰ˳䡣 

һ仰˵ֻԬذš 

ܿ죬㽫Сҵ칫ϸ¼ľګֻ˵ڻͲ˾˹ȥǸصˮ 

ڱ¼ǩӡֶʱҪ뿪УʱЭ顣ܿǶӣȥСӼҵı⣬ܴһԭӦͬһҵĳԱδ̫ɡ 

СӵЩ졭ϴԡҵĸֻŲ֪ιͻȻѣԡҵСذϵˮնײ˶ȴδ׹µ鲣࣬ 

ҿóƲľԼһ޷ܣΪĹҪ̫̫ɺϡѧרҵ˵ξͨʵ󲻳߷ǿѺȴ׹ʱֳĽǶȡøպôﵽƽ⣬ôСײ鲣ʱӦǴƽǱϾֻһͨԡõǿ 

ң򻬵Ĺײϵ壬ȴԴֱĽǶȴಿλ𣿳ĻǶ٣ 

ûġδҵĴС 

¶Ļصңϴһصȴǡ 

ˡⷲ˵˵һ䡣 

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ⷲƽŴӾ˵Сӵ£ûһ˿ѯҸԬҲǳĬἰ¡СӵĴϣʶḧŴ档 

ڽϣһСʰڲǰСӻֻõСèһҵҡ 

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ԭˣȷеǿ٣һݼš 

ҽ쵽Ҳһѧ 

ⷲ˳ţһӵ˶ʱŵ˶䣺Ϊǰʲô²ŻɾĶѾĵУĵȻûзκ״ȻÿѧУһѧԭǽͨ򼲲ಢ쳣ɣҲҵѧҲҵԹ飬ҲûֿɵĵϾѧУУȽǰѹɱѧǳ١ 

ǰûȽ飿 

Ҳ̫ŵʵΪҲʶΪǰסҵĳԹɢŻᱻл 

ĺܿЦҶ̶̼ڱ߱ʿ 

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ǾǱĵطģƽֻǱǵϷ𣿡 

鲻Խش˸ֻ̼Ϸ˶ѡҴûʲôµĶڵʱΪǱУץסǸڣȴܵв 

ȻҲ֪һĶʲôԭǴӴ˵ҥпҵȥĳʱλĳŻȾǡ 

ⷲһҲۣǡǡǡ 

СӵһֱƲⱻˣǸĿ겢ǼеϷĸϣǸࡣȻǳӣȴһΪѵζʵĽ͡ 

ǣѰĿʲôأСʲô飬ΪĿꣿ 

Ȼ֪ûãҰѽѧУɱѧ͵͵ûˣһ𷭷ܲҵʲô 

˵ţָⷲÿ˼ϡҲɰզ࣬УɱȽϵ͵ѧУҲôѧɱ 

ΪٵĵҲɸпһ㶼 

ǳȥȴʱʱ̶̿Ŀ־֡ЩƬˣȴԼѡ 

ٸһѡĻᣬǻѡ𣿽ΪͬѧڽǡѧϰɼʧЩԭʧȥϣЩֻһССĲֶȫǣȴһ˵ĿһֻܰһεĿأһһرգҲûл򿪡 

ҲǰһڰɣֻҲûлȥ 

ϸϸؿϵϣһһŷȥûʲôҹעݡֱһƬǰʱҲĿͣ˰Ρ 

һǳСŮһɰһСβǵԱǸ֣һΪǸƯŮѧ 

ǡ㶣Ȼǰѧ滭ϵ꼶ΪУݵǸ˧ˣһΪҵأ 

ĸⷲù˿Ŷ֡ 

һԬеȫ˵ϡ 

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ˣ˯ɣŪˡ 

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Ԭ˵ʰ¿ֻǣܾЩĲ 

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ιԬȻﺬŭصҸⷲڶѱˣȥܱˣǻ죡 

̹ⷲԹµͷеϡЩؿԬһۣȻĻûдȴܵظоһ˿ 

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׷˫ֻʹȫסⷲƽе 

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Ԭô£Ǹ顭ˤ¥һģһΪǸˮҲ̫¶ʧȥ侲 

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ʶҹԻʱһ˲ҵҲ֮ͣ١ĴϢʱ䶼ûеĻʲôʱܵõƬ̵İܳȥҲϷŪɱңǽһĥ 

Ҳ㣡 

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һڵأ̫յ˫Ѿ΢΢ʹָ޷ֱͬ޷Լͣ 

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һŵұȻײһ£ȴ͵ƶλõûС 

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ϴţȺµȺʲôҴСӵĴϣؿ˿Ԭ 

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꣬Լҵʱʲô𣿡ƽ΢΢üͷҴҡҡͷȻҲԬҡͷĺͬ 

˵˭ܽݿ־ǵĵٶţ֪˶ãϴŵŴֽţŹһ˼ž֮С 

ãõҾôҶʲôʱϴ˿ڣǲǻǣ 

ȻϢĳĬ 

ôǣڴͬһ˶Ƕż𣿡 

ⷲ˲һȵϴ󶼼ӣҸԬһ͸ 

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ʲôӰϴϵ۾üͷ 

˵Ҳ֪ҺԬڿСӳǰĴǰ 

˵仰˶ѸСѾǸһĺӰʵڵģҹλصһӰԬͬĻþ 

һбĳ 

ôҪô˵ 

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꣡Ԭٿ֣վ˭Ĵ߶Ҫ˵ 

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ڵңԭ 

ͷƣһһȥ˷ԭʳýʵܲΧѧָָ㣬˵ȫ˹ֻöһҲɰûסˣȻڶϴּ幥£Ǹʳʡ 

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Ԭңһ飡Ҽæеæѷһǡץ׷˳ȥ 

һϴŸ˵겻жԼܵˣ 

ò¥ݿ׷Ԭ˭֪ϼӿ˽Ųһ£ʱһ׷ȥקס 

ιʲô˼ϴ顣Ϊ㣡 

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ɶ񣡿ɶһΪҸĵжԹϵѾˡһΪǿԳΪͬĺû飬飡ԳԼһ˺ȥɣҲˣ 

һϣʵҡҸ⣬ϵѧ¥ųӭѧѧϰֱϵڵĴҡѾϡϡʮˣͷдҵ 

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̫Ƚϴ˻ߣ̫ڶߡһ̱УЩϢ 

ұͷſϼٵش֫ڲ 

һǿˡѾˡҲˡ 

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ҷ飬ֽӢģԺȴûӳĸż˻ͷһۣȻСĸߵʲô 

֮ѡңΪһǱҵϰѡ˿УѾûбҵУܵĹעٵġ 

֪˶ãȻԬððʧʧܵſڣغѰʲôĿײһ˲䣬Ϊ֮һԷȻͷһ˸ط¡ЩϲöͷĺˮҲһǸ곤ܡ 

ҿ˿ֱӿڴͳƱؿŷʱ䣬սųƱ˺ˡ 

СӵѾף벢ǽİ취һϼҵĿշЪ˹ķѡڵȺѧУ٣ʱⲻҵһ˹¶ȹ 

Ѿˡһ֡ȻһֱҲֻǱ΢ϣһʹ֪Ѿһǻһ롣 

治֪Ӧó׷ߵһáӦüֵסֱܼ֡ 

ҺȻ֣е֪УȴûһһΪΨһ˶¿ʼʱҲӵϣȥѰұˣȴûһҡΪ֪˵ĻǶ΢СңƾʲôΪ˻ʵķӶǷĸأ 

꣬ߡ 

ǰһ£̧ͷƹ˼±ͻȻˡ̴һʾ顣༶Ҳߺ֪ĸѧǺҲȻʧЦ 

˰첻޺ã̵εǴֵͲ֪ͨȻңһʱ޲ˡ۾ʼӦڵĺڶȣԼɼѾ½½վˣҲʼʰ 

ͻȻһ÷·ߵ 

δ 

ҵһ٣Ȼ̧ͷ˵Ц˳ȥĳ޷ȥ죡ҷǳⲻˮͷ©ˮΪԽֱҵĴ죡 

ѵ 

δ 

ҽرǰؿʼ 

δ 

Ҳϣһ߶ţһߵɴ˫۶ڵĽ̨Ҳ֪ԼڿʲôȴþղĿ⡣ 

δ 

ҽ߹ˣŵĻҰҲ쳣˶ˣ˿ûëȻȻߵˡڼžĽѧ¥УҲֻʣҡ 

ҵ˳α»˶£խӵĿռȴõİȫС˶һţ˫رſαʵ鱾Ѿҵ±Σ˫Ѿҵʹֻҵؽץʲôҷſ 

ҽ˫ۣҧס촽ԷԼʵؼ 

Ҳֻ·Ҳûע⵽ҡҲֻϾͻ뿪Ҳ 

ӶŲʵʵɣһңٵĺһƬž֮Ϊԣ޷ʧصĺͬ޷ȫĵļ㤡 

δ 

δ 

ģҺһϢƽңܵסȻһӰ˹ûüг㱻ǸӰصס졣Ȼ˶Է§ס 

ҡ 

ϤҵסԬ 

ҲԲԣҲԲԣ 

ԬţȴȲ֤šصͷ̸о˫ֻ֮п־Ҿ˼˿ϲԭͬģҲΪֻңΪһҺ»㣬û뵽 

ұ㣬ΪΪһܺߣңһ 

оԬ΢΢ͷҵĺһۿһʪˡؽץס·Ըо˴˵΢ҵԭԼµɪɪʱиĻů 

ٵŽƽĺԬŷ֪ӺʱǸ˵ĵˮѾʧˡһ˵ƽ¡ 

𡭡Сʵ 

ҿ 

Ԭ̽̽ӣͻȻ͵͵ġһҼæһץסĸ첲 

˭֪Ԭ˻Цû¡ֻˣȫۡ 

㶣еյشһȭǲǣˣ 

Ӧûˡ 

ԬСվһѣŷԼ֫ͬۡ 

ǿҰɡ 

š 

˳ȥҷʱԬѾҵһ·ҵ΢΢һ̣ô󣬳˸ǵһαǣߡǣ֣оֵֹġ 

һ£Ԭսŵػعͷôˣ 

Ҽæҡͷû£ 

Ԭҵ֡ҲֻΪ°ɣҾȻʱеûġգͷĬĬظԬ 

ʵҹУʱ˿־Ӱһֻůֽţָо 

صʱϴѾֵͲ׼ȥû뵽ǾĵĿ־徹άһСʱ˿Ѿŵˡ 

һǵǸӰҵĴǰʱҺؽڴϣҲֻǶ̶̼ӣҾúƹ˼ͣͬĿ־ȴűĲͬ 

ʶĿ˿ԬΪĴڰɣرңְȫĸо·ͯУÿʱұ׵ĻΪǳʵůĴҼŲΣա 

ֵͷȴĲų⡭ 

ͣ˵ܻؽ磬ʮӣϱû߶ˡ 

Ŵҹգֲƻһ˯Եʣĵ㷱֡ǿź۾ʹԺҹĪĿ־壬ϵƣȻǣܿ죬ұЩ 

Ȼҵͷʲôһ£һ˫ۡ˯ȫޣ 

ꡭ˯𡭡ԬǳСػһ 

ʹر˫ۣؿڣоľ޵ҧгݣԬ˰ 

ǶϴѾ˯ˣ޲ԬȭȻľԱҲҵĲԣһֱٱߣ˯ʡ޾裬ȴȻһ£ָоһӶǵĺΧȫҲ֮Σһأ 

졭Լûಡ 

ܸһ˯𡭡Ԭ΢΢š 

֮ǰĳҹʵؽӵʱȫֻûѡֲÿ峿źȦ۷˿ 

ףҹĿֲҡ 

һǵõҶ˵ҲԲԣʱ͸ϲáһ˶֧ţű죬ű˿ĺӰֻһͬʱǿŵļǿ߽ˡ˿̣ҷȵѶϢҲ˵ңҵˡͬ项 

ҿɬһЦǸø˻Ǳҵҵսѣ¶˻Ƭ̵鰲 

ͷСشҵĴ̤ĴϣҲʱ˵룬˯ڶ̻˯̶ʱԬҿأ 

ԬƿӣҰͷͷһţ˽ȥԬӸǵϣʱů͡ 

ЦЦеĹͷԺ 

ȻһȻ䣬ԬѾ§˻Ӱͷҵؿڡ 

ιұŤСš 

ҺûҡȻ治֪ܲܳȥƵҵͷĪһɷʱҰȫУ٣ʱҲӦþܾ 

žһ֪Ļҵġĺ˵ҵؿڣůдһҵ忪ʼýӲĪӿһ˿ɧȴֲΪʲô֪ԬǷоʲôͷĻҵضߣȴְסҲʵתԴҲòĿ⡣ 

ɡҽͰ͵ʵ 

ꡭ 

ʲʲô 

Һûߡ 

 

һʱ֪˵ʲôźãֻܺЦһ£ɵزŪԼͷԬȻסҵ֣ů˵¶ȴƼ䴫Īػ 

ʴʱģУǰԬٿȻ󣬴һعʱѾ 

ҴظŴϴʪ⣬ʶȴ֪ǲɵ˵ԵʣԽſܣܣȴ񱻵Ѩһ㶯á 

ԬǳǳƬ̱ſңʵ¹Լɼֱֱעңһλҵ 

㡭㡭ҡҴӲ֪ǡҽͰ͵Ĳ֪Լ˵ʲô 

ԬעƬ̣Ȼ󷭹ȥҡƵشǸֻǺȻЩ֪ҲǡкܶŮѡ 

ҵȻ֪ҧҧдůȵ촽򣬵͵͵˵Ϳˣ˯ɡ 

š 

úԬС˵һԲ𡹣Ҳû˯ţǲ֪λشֻѡ˳Ĭ 

ģҵ۾ЩɬȻһƬҲƲ֮ϴ⼸̫ˣ죬滳ľȻûѡԬû˶ûзúһܡҲ֮УֱǿֲһطԺ 

δ 

̼䳹ѣվڴߣԬĴߣ 

δ 

վζʲôѰһǡĿ̵Ԭ˯̵ġң 

δ 

ߵԬȻ˸һֻԲֽ§סңҵĺ󱳣ҿظоĽš 

ԭԬһֱû˯ 

ҺȻ뵽ǲҹҹڵ£ʱûһֻһ˶ڱɪɪάǻڱԵĲдǣ̿֡ 

Ҫ 

ߴԬ΢΢Ĳ 

Ҫ˺ 

һ㶡 

Ҫ˺㡭 

Ԭ§֮ҿ漣㽥ƽһ˫ۣԬؿǰǽڡ·ʲôסҵȫĿ⡣ 

ҺȻ֪ǸʲôΪλԬ˺¡Ԭʧ´̿ʼʲôסһ㲻ðǶδ֪Ļ֣̿Ԭ·Ƕ֪Ŀ־壬Ҳ˱˱ȱ˸ѹ 

ҹʹطԬڽܵ˶˻Уҵֻ͸ԬԼϡ 

Ԭӽرסңɴ۾Ŵߣ 

ҿˣһӰһںӰ¹ҫ£Ȼ޷ݣ沿ǣ֫Уֻһģĺɫڣֻһźɫûκ͹ֻз·Ὣеĺڡ 

ҵ۾ʹҵʶѣҵ۾ȴ޹Ǻ˵㣬 

Ҽѵذ۾뿴ģܾ֪˭ܽ⿪һеšһбԽǣǰȴԽԽģؿźɫ·궼ҪС 

ʶʧǰ૵صе 

˭ 



 
ʱѾңһУҽҵĲϡ 
˵̫˯һ˯һһҹΣȻ˫ۡǣϴȴҡ˯šԺԬŵôҵ֣ϴģǸԱľѶʧ·Ӳڹ 

ǣȴôҲѡ˯ң󼱵ý˹ԱһξᣬƺƵ̧͵УҽҡγѵУҽҹѧУȴôҲﲻҳʲô⣬ֻ˵۲һٿ 

ϴ˵Ԭò绰оȻУǺǣѾپκ˰ɣɱͬһҵߣȻǻѵĵλҳԱУûзϢ˵彫ҽԺΣѧУ᧿Σȡһѧƽǵˡ 

õûУ 

Ԭ˫Ŀͨ죬ģǵúµ˺ȫ˧ҺЦ°ͣŪԬԷɣ΢΢Ц 

ô˯崲ˣⷲЦ˵ 

ԬˢһºˣҵҲһͨ죬Ϊջġ 

ⷲ㲻˵컹Ҫȥ鵵ӦûˣȰ¡ƽز 

ŶõġҿӦûˣԬúÿ 

Ԭ˵ͷϴ뿪УҽҡӰʧԬ̽ץסҵ֣ڴϣҵϣ΢΢š 

Ϊ㡭Һû¡ 

뵽ҹ֮ȴΪƽҵͷһůʶᷴס֡ 

һСʡ 

ǣԬӴס֣΢΢Ӵ֣Ҳ뿪벽Ҿ㣡 

Ԭ 

ĸжϮͷ˿Ǹ֡ԬȶӣҲмһ˲ҵů밲ȫСеĿעУұܵظо֮һε飬飬ơ 

֪ģЩ˼ɵɵЦЦת˻⣺ûˣϿʱҰɣҪǵȵ¿ΣУ԰ֳɹͶˡ 

ԬǲĵʶЦԷǵʱشշ˴ǴΣš 

аЦͷůġ 

ЬȥʱУҽɻ»ظҸһ飬Եؿ˼ƬάأעϢ뿪ˡ 

ҲЦУҽĿ˸һ㣬ˮƽޣﲻҵĲ飬ɨ˰ɣѹִӽݿʼûҵĿӹ 

뿪УҽҺԬУҽǲǾضԲң 

ԬЦǣˣΪУʢҵմԹֲɾĶմ֮ˣ߲ܣǼ˵ɱSARSĲԭˡ 

ҶʱЦҺóǰ绰û죬ȻǶȹԥУ԰档 

ԬҲЦҲЦøӴԬЦڼžУ԰Եøв˴Ӵǣڲٳεİ༶ǼעĿԬŶԷļ磬ЦŴĿ߹ 

·һεĬֻ˵˲׵ĬΪ˵ġҴߡӦڻ̻̲жɹµʱ䣬ƫҪ֤ǿǲûбֲܣڳЩңЦЩԹ۵ĺߣŪЩڵȴ³Ⱥ 

ԣ²ؼ߸߹Ϊ˴˲ʶΪΣûвǣǱ̬ȥ̬ķչôΪҪǵȥֳ̿뺦£ΪҪлпس̾һ˵ǶôĲ 

һһҵʹǲףںڰеȴδ֪Ŀ־ǲ˽⣻ǸûڱԵǻʱЪ˹Ҳ֪ںеļб߽һ֧ŵ޴ľ 

һεĹ֣ǻֵȻͬ磬ͬһƬ£˵֣ͬȴҲͬĻ⣬û֪齻£ȷʵǵĲ 

صյңҵĿһ˲ͣԬ·ľϷǽڵˮϣ˺ѷεļȫӿڿִԵˮաСӴԵˮաΪַͬĴ 

ȷʵվԬ˯Ĵԣǣ̱ľĴˮľĴĿ꣡ 

ľأľأ 

һץסԬҡΣҲ֪ԼЩʲô֪ҵľҪΡֻڱܵţ 

ԬƺҵĽŸȾҲýϴϸ绰 ľ˵ĳؼңӦûʰ 

˵ţľƿ˽ʱһ£ͷһͳԿ״򿪴ʰ 

ľ 

ʧصһץסľһҶȴ֪νͲźãֻܴеܣܣ 

ľץñɫյһ˦ң㷢ʲô񾭣 

һһ 

Ѿ˲˵ЩľֻܽΣյѶŴ֪˵Ҳ޲ߣ֪ľΪѧУ֪ľ֪Ҳ޲ҲٽѶϢȥһ˳£Ҳ´ˣһһԬҲٷС£ 

Ҳ˵һ˲ܷתҲľΪ˾ܹΣҲ˽ҴһɲǱ㲻ˣҲĻƬ̵漣֣ 

ֻڶ̶һ˲䣬ҵбתǧּ裬õġõġµġϣġ 

˵ʲôľűһҵŵˣɫ˲òҰף쵰Ż𣡣⼸һӵ𣡣 

ǣǣ 

ҡͷľ˦ҵ˫֣ȴɿһɿٲҲʹž˦ңʶѾŤһš 

ԬļҷӦŵæܡ 

˵ 

һľֹͣҼٵش˵˵ˮżȻģҲûˮĵطûУһûУҲ֪ǽⴱ¥ΧҼǸһڿֵĴߣˮĴˡڶҺСӵĴ̣ˮСӵĴСӳˡԬĴˮĴ 

ľȻһҵСϣ˶ײصˤڵء 

꣡Ԭæߣŭسľˣǵ£ 

Ϊʲôң㣡 

ľĴԬһʧصشУôˣΪʲôҪңƾʲôңϷҲзݣΪʲôû£ƾʲô 

ľĺУԬĬӦλشأ֪һǰʧصˣԵԵöô԰ 

ľÿ˶Σգ±ѡеһ̡Ԭ͸һ˿ŭǣҲһ˿Ϊ˵ϣҪԼªһ汩¶ 

ҳªָƽ͵лл𣡣 

ľֱ룬ĶڴϡһʰҲҪطһӣǾͬĸϷɣҲˣ 

Сӳµʱ򣬾˵뿪СԬ˵ 

ȥ淢Ұ 

ľص˦ϴţıͬаһ㣬ſ֮дЦ 

СҲ뿪ˡԬָ˵ 

ǵģСҲ뿪ˡҲûӹ䡭 

ľһ٣ĽаϡƬ̲ͣĵߡҴؿ˵Щʲôȴʧȥ˵ 

ľͣתͷңޱ˵㲻ң㣬ıҸãҲһ 

סڣҪͿŲˣ 

Ԭ뱣һ㽫ҽ§УľĿ·ޡľüͷһ£ɵؿ˿ҺԬʶؾʲôֻǺһ˳ȥصˤĪһ 

ҵ΢Ԭ§øõͳҶ˵꣬Ҫˣ˲ֵ㸶ģǸϷºһܵҲԼѣˡһһʲô³ҵģ 

˵ˣ˵ˣ 

һƿԼһţֵס˫ҪҪ๥ԹҪҲ뿴 

ԲꡣҲ˵ˣԲ𣡡 

ԬסҵǸεҵۿѸʪشͷ޷ҵĳĬҵģ޷ľ 

ΪվҴǰһҹѾԼıӡֺγпΪʲôȥѡ˶ѡңֺγ֪һĿ겻ԼʱһǵġҸѵľûʲôͬҲҲ˵ 

εĿҡһʲôҲҵĹľ񡭡ҲһԬǸһúһὫԵªӵø쾡𣿿ű΢ªɱĿٿ־ʱİٰ̬Ƿأ㣬ҪʱŻס֡ 

緹ʱⷲƽһĻˡԬľ뿪´˵һ£ȥǰʧ̬Լҽʾˮպ¡ϴĶˮղ˻ɣΪϴˮֱüͷƽҲעá 

˵ָָд극صҾͲͣȻҴԼϲԵĲˣȴθڣеſӴȥľګ̼ڡ 

ȻԬҷ˼飬Щؿ 

Ԭ𱸵صһۣͷʼ̣㱵ĳʵ̫ˣȴ³Ұɣҵһӵ̡ˣҰѴ̸ɾ 

չ̣ӺƵСһлл 

ⷲЦƱϵ۾뿪Ц˭˵ǻѼ飿ͱ罺᣿ 

ʲôݴʣСıϲҵ 

ԬװͰ͵һ䣬Ѿǵͨ죬Ҳ飬Ȼ֪ʲô 

ˣǲʲôûУҼæתƻ⡣ 

ûʲô֣ûʲôɵݡϴ˼˵ҷҵ޷ԾѾ뵽ѧУǲйĻѾ٣һֱûνӲϵݣһ񡣡 

ҰֲһУַǰǸʲôģҲûпɵĵطǷس̳һġƽ˵ 

֣һ㶡 

Ŷǲ֪ɣƽİְ̾ܶӵĴӳǵİӾְֵµġϴ˵ 

סˣû뵽ôƽԭҲǺбġ 

ǲкܶһ鱨Ԭһ 

˭֪ƽҡҡͷϼӣȻ̾Ұֵ£ǹڰĽչȴǾԱܵģҰֶҵİȫܽţԻ뾡취Ϣʲôһ֪ͨҵģʱһǡ 

ģּȻô㣬ﲻؼңҸ뵽˴𰸣졣 

ڶʱÿ˶µؿԼķһ졣 

ƽ˿ǵķӦֿЦӦûʲôΰɣֻԼǰһЩˡ 

ԭ뵱찡ԬЦôϾУøѧֱӿְλ 

УС侯ûϰڣֻҪиѧҲ쵱ɣ뿪Ц 

ĸܣϴϴǡ 

ҲŷʵͦĬģԬЦ 

򶨶ؿƽһηЦʱ¶һڽ׵ݣ˵ˬ 

ģҲŷ˧૵ 

ƽһ£Цһȥ˿ҿһ㲻ˡ 

ڵľһɨգЦȡЦȻǿԴȾģʵûôЦÿ˶Цǰ󸩵ģ֣ԼЦҲ˱кЦЦøѭ 

ֱЦҶƤۣˮƮ 

ȻⷲһӣһУˣ 

һİûĴȫһſಿλҧгݵصЩһɱ˵ϴ󣺡⡢ͬ־㲻֪ЦǿԷ㲻֪ڷǺ޷㲻֪ں޷Ǻױŵ˥ʧĿˣ 

ϴЦǸȻת⣺˸£ҷһֵģǼ˵ĵѧҡҺòײŴСӳ¿ʼǼ˵ĵȫУˡ 

ΪʲôԬʵ 

ҲǵʲôСӺͿֵĹͬ㡣ͬҪпһ¼Եɡϴ˵ֻһ䣺ȻҲǲµģҲпΪ˾鰸ڰȫǶǵϵˡ 

ֻ֤Ҳûܡƽ˵ѧҵıմʩȫѧʦҪãѧУڲ˺пܻٵѧѧǸٽԣҲߣŸӡһ¾ͻУˣʱһҪԭУΪ˽ܱҲǲܡ 

Ҳ˵Ǳѡеԭ򣿡һ 

ԡֻϣУûǵĵչⷲȻЦ˵ 

˼ 

ԬüϴⷲЦЦ˵ĿһȦ¶һ˿ĬЦ⡣ 

ҹ̽УҡЦΪжȡ˸֡ 

ĸһж汻ҲӦһ¡ϴ˵ʹ̾һ˵ѧɲûõûҲǸˡ 

Ŷֵǣ¼ǵ˵ıϴǼֻǿġ۵ġȵĹҰ֣µѵ 

ȥģϴЦҵͷһ£ˣ尲һ·ֹУҵԿ׵֧ǾУȥѡУҵĹԿҾŪˣԽҺĽУ취չǾû취ˡԬ꣬һض¥ݿڣһ¥ݿڣж֪ͨǣȻɢˣҼϡвЦսʱıȡվ鱨İ· 

Ҫ˲ߵڱչô죿Ԭʵ 

಻Թϴһһ˵ 

Ǽ˶ʱЦϴһȭߡ 

ȻƻѾ嶨£ҲһֱؿЦÿжЩԲŻųԼϾԽӽ࣬ҲζΣϵߡ 

죬ܿƽжɹˣôʱҽΪľֽĴǷ񰲺öƬ̣ܿͽעе˽жϡ 

ʶع۲ѵ飬ȴûз¶ǻصģûһ˵һ䡸֪ľûУ 

ΪͨĹػûУҲʶǶô˶һΪĺӣ˵ҶעɣδĵףҸȾˡ 

ףҲĮǺȥ񡭡ÿһʱҵಿλһ·пֲشܳһ޷صķǣҺָоǳ£ҲȥΪ˽ҵ񾭺඼ס̫ĥˡ 

ʣڣҹˡ 





ڰ 

ϨԺ𴲣Ŷ۳һѣϴС˵˵ֻĳ񶯣Ԭֱҵĺţƽĺţ̲ͨǧʱ䡣յ֪ͨһߵһˣס¾Ҹ¾һаãɣȫԱˡ 

ýͨ𣿡ʵ 

ѣ 

Ԭⷲƽ˾ͬʱ˵ͬĴ𰸣˵ĸͬʱЦ 

ȫûⷲЦСһ䣬˵գȭڿУҡƽԬҲȭֻȭͷڿһ 

˱ʾʤķʽѾĩùˣǵһΣҡԬ֡ľϷһΣҲһеĿˣһΣϣһսᡣ 

žҹռŵУ԰ɭ벱䡣鲻Խӣ΢΢ڵңѾķֱ־ͺĺк𡣺䣬ͣڼϵĺ⣬ȫë׶һ֡Щĸо־ĲǷԹͷڲ޿ɵƵĲʱһָΪκ˼ֻ֪ҵͣ£ʹֹͣҲһҸ¡ 

ܶɹһأ룬ٲẦʲôΪһ鵽к¶һйսҳ޶ȡһûзôѾ񲻳ʲôС¡ĸоȻҵֱסתͷӭԬе 

𣿡Сʡ 

ҵͷ 

漴εػæҡͷã 

ϰɣҵáԬ˵ֿЦֻҪ㲻Ǻ£Ҿͷˡ 

һ£Ԭսңֻ˿˵㺦µʱ˺ܾģʱ޳ȴǿһиÿοı飬Ҿ;òٺȥʲô㡭 

˭㱣 

ѹɤһ䣬һۣؿǰϴġҺ˵ʲôûע⵽ҺԬһĪӿ졣 

һǴԬ·Ϊȷʵ䡣 

һ·޾յĵ˰칫¥ǲŸó׼õԿ׿СֵͲ΢ĹŽ¡ 

ⷲϴԿ׼һףȻĽ˰칫¥һ·¥Уҡ¥ʱ˷֡ҺԬֱ𶫡¥ݿڵرϴֱ¥Уҡ 

ҶһСشžȡҹеĪܼžÿңԶķԬصĽŲ¥ϴĴУŵ 

ĴֵָͲͲ˺ڼΨһĹһ·ѭĹ¥ݿڣµһ¥¥ĹսǴ̽̽ͷԿһ¥ͷض¥ѵصˡ 

ҲΪʦҹܻذ칫¥ĻʻܸߣԺܷɵذſַϡеؽķϻȥȻܻȥٰſŻòֺôԵĽŲ׵й¶ҵĴڡ 

Ȼһ飬ͳֻԬĶš 

д㻶ĽŲĺҹҵĶϣռŵĳȽĴںȻԣҲòĵĺ㰲㣡 

Цöһۣ¥ϣٵط˻ţϴ˵ֻ㻹ҷţСˡ 

ƬԬֻ˹Чʱֻӭʹһͨܣ 

˰Σҧгݵػعȥ˼ũʹü빦ܡ 

ҵҵֻҲÿݼǲԬĶţʼ趨ƽֻš 

ɵЦֻʱԬִĻżž֮еһδ˲߽⡣ 

ҵָּϣԺһһƬհס 

Ҹղǲˡ 

ɼ䣬һС 

δ 

ҵĺΪ֮һ١ 

ĳطûйؽˮͷĺƵԺеˮֻ 

ǣΪʲô 

Ҳûʮ֤ˮ֮ϵǣ˵سʱҶֵˮ޷⡣ 

ΪλĿ겻ѡľѵҸˣĿʵһԬ 

֮ԿԿĵ֣ȫΪ֪һҡľǰǰȫģ΢Ц޳ܵԭ֧Ƭ̿ԭ 

ˮһɲǣ֧ҵɷˣҽ˫ֱۣԭģֻѾ״̬ӫĻ֮еĹһ˺ڰ 

ضԼ˵ܣܣȴֻܵɴ˫ۣؿڵֻӫĻŷ·ڽӽҵˮ 

δ 

δ 

ҵĴˮڽӽңҵģ 

ҵѾʶſץļȴʺ͸ 

δ 

δ 

ܸоĽӽȴ֪Լĺͣ˶á 

һعѾӣڱǽϣ˳ǽһ㡢һȥ·Ͳע⵽ҡҶսǴΪĽǶȣеֻ顣 

̫Ķᱻ֡ 

̫졭ᱻ֡ 

ֻҪֻҪҲͿˡ 

з·иųңΪҿңܵûУΪĺܺ£ҵĽŲµãӶûеˡ 

ˣΣʱǵĵһˣȻԼ 

δ 

δ 

ԼͣҲ֪ʲô壬ȴֻҪס㲻й¶ҵĲ 

ҽ˫ۣӭһ̣Ҳ۾κοֲĶܲˡҵǶҲܲĳ 

ҼֱҹҾӣҾ˫ۻعΪһ¸ңԴΪûˣΪûУ 

Լʹӵңȴ޿Լܹȫػȥ 

δ 

δ 

֪ǲҵĴˮҵͷƮ˸Զ˫۵ңȴƿһƮӰӶ¥߹һһεˮԣһסһףȥ 

̨ףϣ 

Ȼ˫ۣ¥ 

¥˭ⷲƽ 

Ϊλ¥ûκ˵ѡϴĵһˣûκμǻһѵľѾˣѵҲ֪£һֵѾ٣ 

ҵĺ˼룬¥һһ˲ͣͣ·Ǿ޴µŻ鲣죬ľ֮һбȻʧ 

ҵĺٶȼ 

ʲôײ˵񣿹ѹ˲ȻأȻأ 

ضеֻ𶯣յǷĳźţ죡 

ֻһƬžʲôûУžҵĺ𶯿û¥ĽŲû¥ı类һ㣬ֻһˡ 

أô죬ܿܶˣȴĽŲû 

ҶŲֻͨţֲֻ̿ڵӵ绰㡭ġӵ绰 

ֻͨˣ־ϲؽģôˣ 

ȡȡȡ 

ֻڴһģ죬ƺź⣬λãֻϵؽţģûУ꣡ 

ȡȡȡ 

ֻʱȻֻǶ˴һδ 

Ҷʱˣ͵һ졣 

ȡȡȡ 

ֵһ˿ëȻĸоشҵĺӿĴֻĻȫȫ¶һϸܵĺˮ 

Ȼͣһ£صһ鲣šŵδˮһȻֶһ鲣 

ҵԺֳһһģӰһ鲣ڲϵػʲôԲȵ졭̫ˣķڱˣԶһ飬һ飬ĸ 

Źǡ㡭 

ҿˣֻֻǶ˲֪ĶĪŲܵ 

ཡཡཡ 

ֻҶˣҵؾܾ𡭡 

ĵֻϴأԬأ 

ҹһҹ 

Ȼӿǰ˵˵ЦЦŶԱ˴˵ȭʤףȭľ׶ݸˡ·Ӱеͷһ㣬Ժлͣ١ظ 

ҺȻ¥ȥ֫ڵײײֽŲõ¥ݣֱ¥ֻʱһһ֪ҹ˵ĩա˳ѾҪҪȷϣȷϻʣ˭ȷҵսѻ˼ 

У¥Уֻ鸡ĽŲԼҴؼٵĴϢУҵĴųţһƬǼһŵ񷭵ڵأ鲣أֽţϴȴ֪١ 

㱼ִеڣȻȴһռ䣬ռ֮ҿˡȻ޷¥ôĶԺѧУȴû˿Ķһ鿴˶ûСⷲԬһϢ 

Ȼ󡭡ֻʣҡ 

ҴؿŵµǼһʱ䲻֪Щʲôźá 

Ȼһƺظӯġõĸҵȫҽԭأûжȴ޴ӽΪλ֪ҵ󡭡 

䡢Ϣûҵ󣬽ֻ֪Ҫ΢΢һ£ԣʹ֫ȴ񱻵˶Ѩһһ 

Ϊʲôҡ 

֪һ⣬һһѱҲһûвҵرɣֵֻҶѡ 

ء𡭡 

ҵʧһ૵˵ͣй¶ҵĿ־壬ܶƺֻͨйţȻһϢ 

ģҵıǼϮһ˿Ũҵҩˮζ쳣ǺǡҺŵȴһʱطֱζԴƺǴҵϵζ 

Ҳʱ˵ĸоһ˿ЦʲôѵζĨˮ 

֨꣡ 

ҵעԴͷ˹ȥʵ¹£תκ󷽵ʽչڻתţҵ۾ֱչšһʾѾ⿪ 

ؿűչ񣬲仯ζʲô 

Ȼһֵֻҵĺ󱳣þŽһ˲Ҫе֣һֻ볣죬ȴ͸ǰδеĺ֣ 

ֵһеǰţֱߵ˱չǰֵżСɵɵؿűչڳɵĳƱö¡һЩļкͺͬУУݷǳĵҼǵϴҪǰæĵѧҲֽͬѵҳԱĵӦһƬհ׵ңȴϵת 

˱չ߹ʾó𣿿Ϊʲôأ뿴ΪҳѡĿԭ򣬲һߡõִʲôҳԭ򣿿ǣôܣ 

ƽ͵£ҲԺܿܡڵʹûв̱֫Ҳǿ侲˼ܱܵĲȴҲĴ𰸡ԣ޷жҷǳôᷢ¡ 

ҹԹҲһΨһһŹˡǣ 

ҹԹҲһǱϷˣɱˡǣ 

һе֣𵵰У಻٣߷ݡ 

ұ֣뿪ˡ 

ҾվԭأȫëȥǷ뿪ʵоĴڲѣΪıпα飬ɢĺ۾Ҳжϳλá 

û뿪վҵ󣬲֪ڵȴʲôߣڵȴЩʲô 

ŵе߬񱻱޴ѡһ㣬ֻվĿĵȴ 

˵ĻҲԼ뿪ҾͰȫˡ 

ӵŲʵʵĻ룬ЩͷҵԺ𡸿־塹Ĵڡ 

ͻȻġӯĶˡҵɴ۾Ŀֱֱעǰһؿڣ³ûСǹɴ̱ǵζŨأ·ҵĲҲƶߣһ۽ǵɨǸǣȴԽԽҵգֱһǰδеı䴥ҵĶ 

ǿŵһ˲Ҵһеĵȥûκζ׹ڵأҵ۾ȷȷʵʵˣΪҵǰȻһúܽеĺɫûκε͹棬εۼΡ 

Ȼҵ۾УҲֻתĶ̶һ˲ΪһұȳУҡһǺڵҪΪһ۵ҵ˾޴ĳûκӾϵĺˣһµÿ˿ڲ 

Ҹûٶĺֻ֪Ǹұˣɵѹǲһáˡ˼άĦĶǸҪɱңɱң 

ҷһڵþеţҪĳ֧ұȥҵǰҵ˫̱ǰҪһ֧ҵĶҵԺиĻ棬ҵ޴ӷֱЩʲô 

ֱΨһ۸ҵУұܵþ˳Ԭ 





ھ 

ı￴˵˵ʵһٻħҪǸ˵ʱ򣬸֣ἰʱسǰȻֻܴõУ漣ȴķϡ 

ҴгԬֵһɲǣұһı۰Ȼӵסȫ˵һ̣ұתرסȻӵסҵˣϤĴУϤζԬ 

Ԭþȫӵһ㣬ӵĽոҺѣȴرסԸѰ֡ΪѾʧսһγҵǰץסһݰٴʧ 

ȥˣҶûˣΪֻʣˣҴſǻ˵ 

Ҳᶪ㡭ᶪ㡭Ԭš 

һںҹǻĿ־壬֪ʱľҲһ׮ɵ飬µȴڼοһµˡ 

ıжˣҲڲţȴҼΪȫıܷۡΨһģǽסˣͬҸһ΢֧֡ 

ڱѩвˣԷΨһԣ˭Ҳܾܾ˭߿˵пܵͷ 

ȫûһ˿һγɣû»һˣһĭ˰ӵű˴ˣѰƬο塣 

ֱ 

δ 

Ԭͬʱһҵץס·ұһӡ 

δ 

Ԭӵңţ߶ееĳԴ 

δ 

δ 

ÿһˮ׹죬ҵͷҵ·ڳˮ׹䣬ÿһ¶ǧء 

ܣ 

Ԭҵֿٱ˳¥ܣһһ㡢һ㡢һ㡭ֻ¥ĸ߶ȣڵ㣬ȴĦ¥Ķ㣬ôҲ²̨סԬһţתȵķһ·ɿػζÿһţڴһĴš 

УٿԱĻң¹ʣһһټĻңĽݽΣصشûһԲ˵䡣 

ߣ 

ԬקҶݽ̨еĽ̨£Ƥʽ̨ȷʵĪĳʵУĽ̨¼ȻӵԬһֻ̧𣬽Ļа뱧ס΢΢һռƺ˼֣ҳһʶжô 

عҲĻӦתʼǶǷȫ 

ҶӡѾͣڡ޴ڡĸϣеƣڱǳԱܵӡܣԺлǧ룬Ǳʶƺûһ档ΪҾʱұԼʵҲȫͬ˿̡ 

ӰΣһ޴ڣҺԬضû 

һ㶼ôΪ 

ǣһǹԹԵһ˿ʱԼǰȫġ 

ʱһһߣžֻ֮ԬĳҺûп˵ȴǽյģǶڵȴδ֪ļڴκһҲҹȥҲҲǱ 

˼šصȴš 

·ڻӦǵĲһߵ𣺡δ 

ԬͬʱӴסԷ֣ãȻطֱˮλã 

ˡ 

ԬһʲôصһƤ̨УƵ켸ҵŶ 

ȻǸƶ·ָ⻮Ƥɵļ죬һһĥУҵԲ۾ֵ̿ԬУĿѾ˽̨࣬ 

ֻŽ̨ƶĻķ˵ߡûв´ֻıϣңλռ࡭ 

һ鿴Ž̨ࡢűƤĴ̶죬ʼ䣬·ŵǹɴ̱ǵҩˮζ 

ȻһڵҹɫȻ۵ĺɫԻġǡͼ޵ٶһ㡢һҵ֮ڡ 

һֻֻ֣ѾΡ֪ǲҵĴȥͨ˵ָһЩǽˮʬøһ㣬ָš 

ҵĴطӳ۾Ķȴ֪ǲǻþʵҸ޴жźںĶǷָȴֱ۵϶֣һֻ֡ 

ƺѰʲôֹ˽ڿš壬ֵֻĽǶѾȫ޶ȣû⡣ҿ⣬ȴŽˣǰ̽ 

ҪˡңȴܵûС 

ԬȻȳ 

͵һײ̨ʱصĽ̨ڽ̨㵹һ˲ԬקҴ̨ƵĶ󣬽¹ؿѹסˣΪֻģֱѹסһ룡Ԭţ֪ڵʲôǵĿⲻԼͬضֻϡ 

Ȼֶһ£صĽ̨ĶƶλãûиҺԬӦʱ䣬ߡƤذĸĥ̶ļһƬžֺ֮ˣԬ֪˭һгתܣ 



ĺͨ׶˵ȣ־ⱼܵһƤذѸƶĴ̶һֻ֪ΧĹ׷ߣһʵ׷Ϸ 

ҺԬֻèµС󣬺ŬŪڹƼ䣬ȴֹͣ 

¥ȥǼ¥ѾҪҪֻܡ 

ǣϵģǸʱյ谭ȴʧˡǱ¥ʱ֪¥Ϊ󿪵УԣһԵ֮ǰʱǸڡ 

ʹģûκ飬㲻ԼͬǸڵϵġŨŨѪζֻŵȫѪضһ졭ƺڵѪ޾Ѫڿγһ޷ݵζζ 

𣿡Ԭ̽ػһ 

ΪǼɵļпƽġ 

ľڵϣһұֹܵͣŲȴԬǣ²˹ȥ 

һ˲䣬ǿ˵ϵġȴ޷жǲġΪһģ˿˿ƣ·һЦһҹƺ˳¹̼ӳǰĳ 

ұ֪ܵƽֻ鲣ѾеļںѪʣӡ֫ȫ鲣Щ۲ǱӭɵˣΪȫ¼ûһƤƽ˶Ѫɫ·Ҳȫ죬Ǽ򵥲ٱΪһˡ 

ңȴ֪ƽģ 

 

Ҳ޷ˣұͷЪ˹ؼţΪʲô֪ģΪʲôһӾģΪʲôҵԺֳ︡Ǹֲĵ绰Ϊʲô뵽Ǹȵòƽļһһ硢һƬһƬһһƣƽĿȫȫǣ 

ΪʲôΪʲô 

ҷسſţΪʲôģΪʲôÿΪյϷʱ֮ûκסûκμȴĳΪһĿ꣡ҪŪǵʲôʱŻ 

꣡ 

ԬͼץסѾʧصңȴرฺ̫Ҫйһһ߰δ㶪ޣȴôҲƲסҲ޳һٲйһ 

꣡꣡ 

޷ץסҵԬȻ˵ץסһӵ˫֣ס 

ԲȫҵĴԲ𣡡 

һ㱼ԬĵǸҵĿŶʡΪʲôĴ 

һеĿˣԴǸϷ 

ҪҵңڱңԬ·ҲڷйѹѾõţֻ̿֡ 

ҵ˼ʣ֪˭ 

ƴ׷ȴ޴жݡԬȻ֪ 

ֹͣԬҲ·һ㣬ѹҵϡҵؿڣ羭һͰľţڻ˿ڡ 

ǡ֡ 

֡Ҿ׽ʶ֣κŻȻ𣺡Ǹ¥ɱĻ滭ϵ֣ 

Ԭͷ 

Ϊʲôô֪ǵʲôܣ 

һץסԬͷͷק𣬼شʡ 

Ԭ˸رܹʵĿ⣬ίҵӣȻǽߡ 

ȥꡭҸҲƬֳ֪úƯǻ滭ϵģԸвڴǸͬԽԽģ˵˾ڸвǸѧ 

˵ԬȻһЦʱвͷûмұ֮һͬļͬѧ㿪ЦǲˡҲЦ˵ͬǸһҡǡ 

ԬſǻЦһǴģһܲ׷ͬҹȥӽ 

ʼʱұԼԤУû뵽Ϊȥƭ˵ĸ飿Ҽֱ޷Ԭ飡 

ûһԬˡ 

Ԭע⵽ҵĿεرܹߡ 

ӽԺҲŷʵֲͬңһǳˣỳκˣһбĿĵİʾصѵѶϢǺǡǸԼˡҵҲһˡ 

һ 

ϲԬͷۼ䣬˳ҭ 

ǳǳϲϲСϲҺµĳ̶ȡҴûҺֻͬйһٶ۵һȴȷ֡˵ĵģԸһͬսסǺǡҵ߰ȴǸˣҳäĿʱһ᲻һУǵ˵Ƕһͬʱұˡ 

֪ҵųֻ֪ļұ㿪ʼףң֪ԭ򡭡 

ԬһۿеˮӲУȥ٣ҶϼңΪסҡǣȴ֪˴ĵǼ¡ΪҶ㿪ΪӮǳԼĸ飬ڵûüֵˡɱǰҴһ绰ֻһ䡺ΪĲŽӽң˵ǡ 

Ԭ˵ȻһٽͣǳԼͽˣϲݸ鲢ûƭɷݣҶΪ类£ȴһشˡǡԺ̹ҶˣҿѧصѧУ֪Ҵ绰֮󡭡¥ɱˡ 

ԬĹͣ쳣Ĭžֻ֮Ԭ͵͵سҭһжӰеû˶·ﶼԬ׷ڣҲҲĳ䰲š 

ԭӦһĹ£ҵؿȴŻȼգԬһһеĸԴԬ 

ҵ˫ȭգָĵʹұмǣû˵Ϻݺݵȭ 

ô֪Լƽʡ 

һֱҡʼұܸоڸңÿʱÿ̡ϿΡ˯·ʱ޿̣һֱظҵ󡭡 

뵽Ԭһε쳣ӽҲ̵ֻߣһΪ׷ңµöڱвԭʱѾ֪Ĵڣ 

ڿǰ 

ԬɬЦ˵ǰϲҵĶʶһѾȥˣǰϰ߸ʱһ˲䣬ұ֪ȴҲγӱܺ޷ 

 

һʶؿԼϴŵףԬסǸЩĸԭΪԭˡ 

Ǹˮ·ֲҵԺۺʱεأԤ׵ľԼҪˡֱҷһҲŷ粢ûֻʣһˣ꣬ҵǷο޿ɱģû㣬֧Ų졭 

ҺȻЦȷʵеԬǰЦ 

û㣬ҲǵĽ죡ǵʹҲ޿ɱģ 

ҴسԬţķծΪʲôҪ˵ 

ʶȴһֱûиǣſ֡Сһһȥȴտڲᣡľû֪ƽˣⷲ䲻ֱһ˵ 

һѾסԬ죺㣡ȫһ˵ĴΪʲôҲڣΪʲôҪһȫΪ㣡ΪĸһˣҪɵᣡƾʲôƾʲô 

Բ𡭡ҵĴԲ𡭡 

ҴδĿ⣬ûᣬȴеŵ޵еĴȫǴʸ񣬵ǺˮҲ޲Ŀȴҵһʹ 

Ԭ 

ҵļҡһɲǣһȭԬϣ 

ٵģһжǼٵģҵĹػıȫΪھΣͬķȫڰֲû㲻ᷢһУҲڷͱıԵǻҲ̬ٳϱ¶ԣһǸͨͨĴѧ꣬ǣųţɵðʧɳһֲᡢʶΧĿ¾ûе¶ᷢһжһ˵Ĵ 

ҷضԬݺݵȭߣԬһﲻرͷӣֿĳš 

ֱҲź޺޵һţ˵Ҳ㣬һӶԭ㣡Ѫծģ˵ģǷô㼸ҲѪծ 

뵽һж䡢áԬ֪³ĻȫԬϣȴ޷ֹͣЩһʹࡢˡ־塢ȫŨҺµĳޣ 

ΪһеĸԴĸ֪ߵغС˹ȣΪһ˵Ѵ̣ٶĥѺͱʹҾȡȻҲаԹֺľҲľжʱһֵת޸ǸҪԼܡ 

Ҳʡ£ȴҲΪӦеĺ 

ǣԭһжǵĴ޹أʲôûΨһֻԬȴΪĴ󸶳ۣҾɵɵף޸мЩʱҵ֧֣ 

ɵ̫ɵˣ 

йұͷҲص뿪Ԭ׷һ˲Լȥ֧Ҳݻˡ޷Ҫʱȥȴؿڵķߺ޻棬ȥݺǿҵĸɡ 

¥µ¥һ¥¥ݹսǴʱǰһſ߷ݵͣס˽ŲϤĵ֡ 





ʮ 

Ҵ͵ؿŵƾճֵĵͻҵԺʱҡ·Ҵ˿̵״̬⣬ëȻһҶ 

δ 

һ̣ʹ޳ 

Ҫҡҵ¡ҷرͷš 

δȻ̧űض¥ƴ¥ݵķȥһ·ߣȴͶ¥ʱȻͣסŲ߷ݵһſط·һʼǾ 

ʶػͷ򶫱ߣȷҲֱ˶¥ݿڡ 

δ 

ҵԺһͣͣʲôȵĶٿȻըѸҵȫڵÿһϸȼգ 

þȫſ˻ߵشţΪʲôң˲ңԬȥ¥ĳ¥Ҫң 

ڵأڴڵشŷ֪ʱˮѾʧǣëȻĺȴδˣ෴ұܵظоһɺ˵ѸٳΣΣѶҵд쾯ѣȴ֪Σ֡ 

ȻһǿקҵȻһһجذſڵأûĸоֻԼ鴤һ¡Ҵ͵Ȼһαǿһסһظоıʹϻǯסһʵ޴ѣ 

εקҷɿǰȥƴָץ⻬ĵ棬ͼסָ׶ѵѿڻذ壬µ죬Ұţһ߱һ·쳣Ŀֱֱײǽڣҷǣ 

ұΪĿȾͷǽ򴰡ײǽҹһˣǱѵĹͷڳѪӳȻڿһʹֻ¥ĸ߶ȣȴһǡ 

µٶȣǰһһΪԼǱסԭĸоģĿѣ 

ԷһѧˣǸӿɱΪĴڱܵطµٶȻá 

ˣҵĴԸҡ 

ȴͻȻͣȻƳһƲڿз׹¥ݣͻȻһҸоĳֱǽĶײңײ󻺳һˤúλתȫʧȥ֪ 

һصĴϢ΢΢ҵʶһѵشŽ§УҹλһСҿԸо˫۲Ǻ£бײɵľһӦ 

ꡭ 

ʮ˹סһתˣȻ˫˫ӲˮأܰȻһ㡣ôôҪľҡ 

Ԭ 

޷̧֣Ҳûƶ壬ڻָҲ޷˵Ψһģҵ٣ҴԬֽŵĿ⣬ˮ 

¡¡ڡ㲻¡ 

Ԭ޴ӷֱ˵ʲôݲмֽٺĺ£мֵĿ־壿м֡Լµļ£ 

Ҫ˺֡㲻ҪɱҲáȫҵĴҪɱ 

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վڶ¥עſڵϹӲдǱ֮ˡҵָ֪ˣ漴ı۾ľʹȫ˼̣һƬԬӻסңĺʱʱ³һһˤˡ 

δ 

ҪɱҲáҪɱ 

΢šȴΪԼһڲǰȭߵˡ 

ô£ڶû̧ͷԼڵλáСų㣬ΪΪҶ¶ıˣΪοаĶң 

ֵһйƵϵˣһһбʹǨŭϵˣһ֪Ѿ޷԰λҪٲˡ 

ҪɱҪɱ 

δ 

ģˮʧˡԬ΢šţԽԽС档̧ͷٻѣҵʹ 

ˡԬһĻ㱣ŵ૵ 

ԡ𡭡þеŽּ˳ɳƵһˡ 

һԬ¶֪ǿ޻Цı飬ɵڵأڴڵش 

ҶԲ㡭ȫҲá 

Ԭҵһֻ֣ʹֻܽصһ𡣵ԷĳʵȴĪظο˵飬ƼĿ϶ε䣬ܵ÷·ء 

ǡǧ˵ȴ֪οڡ 

ȫҲáҶΪҶһ쵰ȫҵĴ˴ҡ 

ǡҵˮ·Ҳֹͣϵʡ 

ԲꡭԬָȥ۽ǵˮˡҲáˡ 

ұ֣ܵһޱӵγɵȻѽĻСؽӵ 

ҿˮʪļͷҭ˵ҪҵǸҲֵáҳ㡭Ҿȥ㡭¥̫ˡȥҡ 

ꡭ˵ˡʲôҪ˵ˡ 

ԬͷסҵĴұܵؽ§סĲԵļǡΪ˿̵ңԸΪԬľٶԬҲҵػӦңľҵȼ 

ԬûбңӴӵסҡһ鵽Ԭұһʱ飬ʱҪıԭºͰݣǸݵ˺ԭʹʱԷĻӦȥĶҵһԾ 

ұԭˡôݵ¡һǱԭˡ 

ԬĶԲ𡭡ġлл㡭 

ԺǲŽǡûٿ˵ӵƣظű˴˵ĺ֪ʱ˶ãģǰľʼ죬ˡ 

ӦáˡԬ˵ 

ȥɡС˵ 

š 

ǽվŷȫɢ˼ܡˣҵҸ첲ˣ׵Ԭ˫ֲ˷ǳأѪ˿Ķͷһ࿴ŶԷǱЦʹֱӴ 

ң֪ǸȥҽԺǻҵԱѵУ԰żܲѧעĿĵĻеǰѯ費ҪæǱ˭ 

Ц˵ɰͨȴùѪCSֻ֣꼰ȻϿҵؾܾ˶ԷİæǰСȥУҽҼһ£ߵ·УҽôѧУֻգۻᡣ 

ˣȥҽԺһ°ɡԬӴ˵ 

˵˲٣ᱻǿΡԳ˵ 

˵ѾǿУͣ¿ΣʦµĴ֧ǡúϢ 

˵עĿ߻ᣬԱԲ۾ŵط¥ǾܾҺԬкЦҲֻôͬʱֶһ˻˵ס¥ʵ̫ˡ 

һУҽҵˣ 

ԱĹػʮָжҷԼѾԾȻΪȨ׼ʱУҽ̽ 

ˡʲôûʲôģС̽ʵ 

ž֮зô޴죬ҵĴУһ˶ûаɣԭӦɧƫƫһ·̫ƽüһ˿ 

ûа 

Ŷûˡ 

׵ؽһֻΪҺԬĶм䣬Ǹռֻˣˡԣһռ£ŵռ䡣 

ţһۿϴվ롣 

־ϲһȳһ߹ȥϴԭˣˣ 

ߵⷲĶʱҲʶԾⷲ۷ֱ˫ɷף΢΢ţϻСͲԴڿ״̬ 

ϴ󣿡һæһ 

ⷲĿ͵˺£ֱؿǰ񿴵µ顭鲣 

ϴ󣿡һæץסⷲ˫ۣƺû֪һζϴôˣϴ󣡡 

죡ȥˣԬѾ㶵ĹԱе 

ʮӺϴ󱻾ȻˡҽҺԬҲбҪȥҽԺһ£ǸľǣҪʻҽִֵؼһ£û뿪ˡ 

·ܼѵҺԬ˽񴦡ľ˵ʮΧҺԬֳǣææˣǡش󰸼УֻУκͽ̵룬ȴҲֻǳ䵱˲赹ˮϵĽɫ 

һŮֽʿʵ 

ͨƽػش 

ϵô£ 

м˴Ϸ˾Ͷֻ֣ǲҾСʵҺ˵ѵݡ 

Ů¶õ飺һûյκµ鱨 

Ǿϰ£û 

ȥʲô֣ 

ҳĬһ£һ޹ʣϵش𣿡 

ͬѧϣϾĵ飡Ůٵ΢΢ߣǸŮôͳסˡ 

ðɺðɣʵɣʵҺԬˣУڴҪֵģԲ˵ѡ˵꣬һվԱߵУЦЦŮԲţҸһͷԬеԬΪǷǮܵİɣ 

˶Ԭ̽ͷе԰СǷǮ 

СǷҵǮûأƾʲôһҲɤӸ 

ʵĽ񴦸òôĶԻȴԬһһ͡Ȱʱݵľ춼ĿⲻƵؿ 

һϴ쵼ľùŮеļ¼滻һ£ƽضУ˵׼һӣֿѶ 

ܿ죬Ԭ㱻񴦣ŵȥˡҲЦѾ깩˲ŷֿΪʱӡ 

Ͼ٣Ҳ˾裬һʱ֮󶼻ԲСĿܾͻ˵ 

ҳ㲻ɣϾʵ 

ʼ磺̵βԣҾû 

̵æ˵⡭ 

⣿Ҳһ𣿡 

ҹ⿴Σεؿҡұʹ죬ʱΪûμȫУʦỹһء 

ǲˡϾˬʵЦһ£Ȼ˵갡ǺųⰡ 

ЦЦÿɷ 

Ͼٳ̾һѹƽʧˡ 

ҵһ£ϴͷסһ˲ᡣ 

ҵ˺ʲô£һһĳ¡Ͼͣһ£³֣ľˡ 

ٿ̧ͷȻؿ 

ǸսӵϢ;ؼң;ڼվͣƬ̣Ŀ֤֤ľʱ˿һ³ϲ˶Ȼûл 

ֱֱضϾźϵͣľȻš 

ʱϵ˾ƱԱûзһˣȵĿĵʱȥľļ˲ŷʧ١Ϊľų;³Ŀԡؾӵ˵ʱͣļվ֡ 

ҰؿϾ٣û׷ʣΪκοµڶпܷѾľˡ 

ϾƺҵθڣҷӦ䵭ƺЩ⣬˵ȥ 

вһǷģһսһĺζ򿪺δľʬ塣 

ע⵽ˡʬ塹ʡ 

ֳȼչĺۼֵǣȼֻڱڲ࣬ûӣϷ컨ûκ޹ĺۼͰɣһֳȫǺںǽȴֻ컨͵ذǸɾģͺһֱһ߶ȣ̶߶֮£ڴ֮ǰû˻淢˻֡ 

ҲòҵĳʶҵһظͨģվԿ棬ȥԿذ壬ûаܷ⡣˻֣ȼյĺۼôֻͣڵܣطȫ޺ۼѵһεӽռ仮ûֻڹ̶ĵطȼգ 

ҺȻǣĴڣʲôǲܵģ 

ϾԱҾЦˣ˵㲻ţΪǱģ 

šȻأľأ 

ϾٶؿңƺҵпЩʲôľѾй¶ʲôˡ 

ֳ·ЬĻҽľҪ֪ʲôķĩӲУвݡŴݿжϳǲľ 

ҵ·Ь಻֪ʣݣأͷأ 

꣬Ǿ޷ĵط·ά̶ֳܽȿĸ£Ѿͨȼգľȫ͡Ҳֿʽĵطﵽٻ¯ĸ߶ȣ嶼ܽˣҲЩ 

Ͼ¶Ϊѵ飬֪ҽֳģǣȴó 

ν֪ʣʮа˾̼ˮʡ֬ʡһټٷ֮ʮˮݣܻԭһˡ 

ǵǰѧʦ˵˵ĹԪȫֻԼʮǮ㹻ˡһ˵ֵۡ 

ҵĳĬϾЩɶ̾һ˵ʵûȨ֣ϼֵĻһᱻ֡ҲܲӣΪҵĺҲܻܵ˺ 

һ㶣ǡ 

졣 

ƽİְ֣ 

꣬ϣһ׵Ľǡ˳ºұһֱߴƽؼס˵Ƕˣûмҿӻȥû취ԼӿڣʧˡÿӶһ£Ҳ֪ʲôʱֵƽԣ֪ʲô첮ҭҲ˵ȥæͷȥǿסˮҵһۿѸʪ 

ǵġʵƽͿ뿪ȴһʼκ¶ûķݣȴû⡭ƽѾ 

ҵǰζƽҵģҼæ˫ۣȥ뵱ʱĲ״ԼƲס޳ 

Уҡϸúߵ³֡ 

ʲô 

Уҡ𡭡 

һؿУ첮ͬѯʵĿ⿴УУû뵽һȻᵽİ칫ңԻ޴ػش𣺡ûûʲô쳣 

Уҷʲô𣿺ƽʧй𣿡첮еʵ 

Ҳ֪λشУҺܡĻҪǸȫƤơ״ҵƽأ 

ˣ๤Уǰһֻ֪˭ġУȻ˵ 

ôû߾첮ߵغȵ 

ҡûйϵУŵˡ 

Ǹֻأ 

ȥãȥã 

ܿУǸֻһۣƽֻ 

ƽֻģ첮΢š 

ֻɿزȻĿһͶңֻ¼ƽͨһֻġ˵Щʲô 

˵ЩʲôʲôҲû˵Ϊǲƽͨġ 

꣬ҵ׳ʲô£ƽ˵Щʲô˵ʲôºҪҲνң 

첮Ŀѣ˫ͨ죬㲵СŶۡ 

˵ľګţ˵ҪУǵĵϡһûпɵĵط 

Ȼأ첮ߴٵ 

Ȼ󡭡Ȼ󡭡 

ҵĴԷɿתţȻ֪ӦƭһλĶӰΣĿףҸ޷ʵ˵ȻˣҸ绰ô˵õ˾ͻ 

ٽأ 

ûˡȻ͹Ҷˡ 

ôܣ첮ָֻ˵ʾֶʮ룡ôܾ⼸仰 

ҾԼ̫Ѩʼͻͻۣüͷ۾ţûˡһһ临Ҳ벻ˡҪݾЩ 

첮Ĭƺ˼鱨ʵԡ 

ԬǴܲŪ˵ļܣΪʲôΪǮ⣡ҪһĻ˲˵ѣиѡȫܵҷֻ۾˯һٻشκ⡣ 

ǮֻһͻƵ㡭ҺԬ⼸춼̫񾭽ˣҪйԲŻûиرɡºƽʧٺ޹ϵ 

첮˼һ£ٴʵⷲô£ΪȻʧ 

Ҳ֪ʶӣסʹѵͷ˵ҺԬȥʱͱǸˡԱ֤Ҳ֪ʲô֪ 

ᵽġ鲣ʲô˼첮ơ 

Ҳ֪ 

ҧ´ʹĨԺȫ鲣ƽģں׼¿ƽ״ߣ޼ʩ¿ƽɱһ᲻Ҳϴģ 

˵ĳﵽʱͬķʽֳϴʧأҲһմѪ鲣ڿƴš 

ꣿû°ɣɫѿ 

Ϣһ¡ۡ 

˵˵ţѾ㵹ҵɫһܿ£ΪУѾæܳȥˡ첮æҷɳϣȻ߳ȥľԱ˵ʲô 

ҾԼʶǻڰ˯Ѽ䣬˯ΣšǰľʱģʱԴҲŲκζһǵĺϱܱը 

̫˰ɡ˯¡ֻ˯һ¡ 

δ 

ҵӱܵһȴûС 

δ 

޴ڡ 

ţ۾ǿ£ֲɱϡȻֺĸоҸоĴڣоѹɳϵУȫ֪Ѿʧǰͼðɵģһ㱡ɴԼɼȴ 

Ȼ 

Ųƶȴ֪·ѾҵģҸûпȴԼұӦµļСȴеͷ벻ֻľګſڡ 

վྯ죬߶šæµţȴû˻ͷһۣ·͸ġҵĲ߳˽񴦣ҴؿǰľЩϤЩİ֪ԼѧУڵĳ¥Уȴһʱ벻 

Ȼƶһһ㣬һֱš 

ĬĬţһ㡢㡢㡢Ĳ㡭 

ֱ߲㣬֪ѧУʵ¥ߵһҵĽŲȴȻϣƽʱĴţ̨ 

ǰǿѧֵģǣ˵ĳѧ¥ɱ󣬴Ӵ˱ĸѧ¥ɱҲ֪Ϊǲ塣Ҵδ˵Ǹѧ֣ȴĪ֪ˡ 

Ǹѧ֡ 

ҵĽŲ̨̤һ˲䣬֪ˡҸоԼĽ̨̤ˮϣȴûתҵĽŷ·һذһ޷ 

δ 

ֳҵһŵǹǺ˵ζȻһֻصֵҵıϣǰ 

һΣҪ 

һеţԽͣͣ£ŲȴϵƶţʹȫҲƲסȡ 

ˣΪβղһ㱵ظȥֱߵĿĵأΪκȻһָ֪ҵһ㡢һӽĿĵضһ֡һ³ 

֪ĿĵΪһ̨̤ңĿһֱͣĳϡ 

̨ıԵз֣Աȴһ͹ˮܵվˮϣ׵Ծ׹ء 

ҡ 

ҵĽŲԼ̤ˮܵʱҾض˵ 

ȻҵĽ˿յաûƬԥӶ¸¥һ˲䣬еˮڱ紵ɢ 

Բ𡭡Ԭұߵ󡭡ȴֻʣ㡭 





ʮһ 

̶ľȻǰζż״ӡŰñİˡǰľһα룬ɵģǰһɫıɴ 

һ𡭡 

֡ҵĻ֣һҽ˵ 

˭֣Ҳ֡ꡭ 

֣ܿԵĻգۡ 

Ҳ֣ 

ҺҲ֣Ǳ¥꣡ 

ǵģҴ¥ȥʧظʧȥ֪Һһ˹ȥۿԼ档 

Ȼأұ 

ʶ״̬׼Ѫѹ 

̫İɫռ䣬ǰζŲ֪;ھȻ𣿵ҵʶǡѾˣ 

ڵĺ벻ö˶˵Ĵ¥ô˽ǱġҲɱǡ 

½׼ 

⺢Ӻǹ¶ղѧУ֪ͨļʱᵽûˣһзУ𡣡 

ȻϵĿռԻͬʱԣһҽϵᵽѪѹɡŵ̡һȴ֪˭ģ˵ݣȴҡ 

Ҳǹ¶ҵĸĸȻڹ⣬Ϊʲô˵ûˣ뷴˵ȴ񱻶סһ޷޷˵ 

ֹͣˣ 

飡飡飡 

ҵŵҵطţȴоһ˿һĸоûеͨ飬Ҳû֪ 

ҵ𣿻ǡѾˡڰؿűѾȥ 

֣㻹ᣡкܳ·ҪߣҪ 

飡飡 

˵Ҳ֣ 

ˣ 

Ѫѹ 

ֹͣ 

⺢Ҳˣ¥ûе 

㲻ܾȵû 

ԾȻ𡭡ҡ 

һֱľ֪ȻһȫգȫһʹţѾԸоҽҵʲôʲôʲôҴڴڵشؽС 

ҪȥҲҪҪȥ 

ָˣ 

֣һҪס 

ǵģҪȥҲҪ 

һ˲䣬ҷֲԼ˭֣ꣿƴҪ˭ģꣿ֣ 

ȻͣˣҽʿҷɿرҡܸоܸܵȥĻԽԽ֪һȥҲ 

Ҽޡ񰡣лл㣬ллָһλᣬһúõػȥҲ̣ 

˭ģ˭ģꣿ֣ 

ҵĴˣſֵҽʼæµɫѪһһ鶪ϹĶЦˡ 

֣СӲٵˣ̶ 

˭˵ 

ǸĴѧǸ¶û˻ֵᷢģ¥ĴʱͺС˻ɵģ 

˵ʲô 

֣СҪһٵˣǸѧѪͺСȫǺϣٺʲ֪û˻֣ᷢºԺеߵĻ𻯷ãѧУһ˰ǳǮͿ֪Ҫԥˣ 

һ¡˵ġ˭ 

ңֻҽͳָ졣˵˭Ǵﴫģߣ˭Щ͵ҵĶУ 

Ȼҵűˣһ޾µˡҽʲôҽһ£˵Щʲôҽŵ˵ͷȻǸ뿪ˡ 

ұܵظоһ˿ҺˣֲԤʲô 

ǰľȻת۾ˣƹǦһôҲ 

˯֪һұҲǡô£ΪʲôȻ 

ƴ۾ǣˮȴѪɫҵǰһƬѪ츲ǣúú죬·һѪ졭 

Ȼҵ۾ˣҲʶǸ֪ʱѾˡ 

һһ뿪ˣҽ뿪ˣʿ뿪ˡأȴأ 

˽֮ǰҽһĴ磬ȴûκȸԾ飬ߣȫ䡣 

ԺҪһ㣬ǱߺѾٵȡ 

ҿһλεҵڣҾҪУȴôҲ 

ʬҪô 

˵Ǿ𻯡 

ȵȡǰͬѧʾԸ߼չһֻ۽ĤѾˣͱˡ 

һﹻڵġ 

ûһأ 

ǺЦһḡ˵ŵˣ˭ڳӽָĶ˭ 

ҡ 

ǡһ˰һˣôأôأġһˡ 

ˣȫáʱ䲻Сʱ޶ȿԴ 

¿ɽʡԺ֧ȥԺֺ졣 

ٶмǼ˷ˡ 

á 

Ҫȥ˭ҴȺӵоߡ 

ף㿴 

ǺȻָҹֽһ 

ôˣ𣿡 

ԼԼˣҽ¹𣿶ɣһԼŮѳԷأ 

Թ벻ʵˮ˳ҵ۽һΡһ¡һĻᣬȴȺضߡûйҵûҵͬ⣬ӡĮһֻϡ 

Ҿ׾ٵʧˡûκ˷û֪Ǳıɱģ֪ʬ廹Ҫһװϱ˵˵ЦЦиֳһ飬մѪĽǮ 

ΪʲôΪһʵľҲȥ𣿲Ϊһ˵õ𣿾ΪһûκĹ¶ԱûѡȨҵ˾ӦȺʶ˾ 

ģҵģһ֣ҪˣҪ 

ңȫңҵĶң 

ң 

ĵźڳʺں˳ƴشţһһĺšҡ 

꣡꣡ 

ԬĺУȴƲҵź 

ڵһ̣Ҫźһֱǿѹţѵǰ֫⣡ÿһļÿһķŭÿһԹ޶ҵؿڻѹѹҲܳܣҲ޷Ӳǿѹţ 

ڵڣҿԽһбԹȫ׵Թ޿Ϯҵģеķߺ޲ȫִҪȫ 

꣡ 

ҼҪѪһļбȻԬζҽΧҿ޽šرס 

ֱۺȻ˰סһʹһҽ򶨼עҵڣҿĿİ״ʱһʧ 

˽ҵߣǣ 

Ҫң 

꣡£ 

ƴãֱɤӺˣҲûʱҲŷѵ˶ŷֲ֪ʱڵ˶˳ȥֻʣҺꡣ 

꣬㿴ң㻹ϵ𡭡 

Ԭſǻҷؿ˫Ŀͨ죬˺ܾá 

Ԭɤʵ 

ԣңΪҲˣ 

Ԭ˵޻ЦЦŸҵָ΢΢ȷԼĴһ 

ʲôˡ 

еıȫйȥҵʶŽһţûб֫⣬꣬֡ 

Ҳ㵽ô£ 

ҵ֣Ȼӽʧˣû˿뿪ȴƾʧˡ 

Ȼұ˵ʵ¥̨ȥʱ˶ҪˣҺáҺ¥ʩõɳӶѣµ;б֦һ£Ȼֵɳоաǰ͵ҽԺȴһֱûѣҽ˵ɺҡ֪һֹͣûҽ׼ȴεĵµ˶ɵˣºָˡ 

ԭһвΡҵȷôһΡǾϾֵǶξ 

ǺǡǶˡѾȷǱɾĶˣҲٽܵ飬ܵı֪죬ҵҲ졭 

Ԭ 

ĦգԬճյؿң㲻Ĳ֪ôźá 

ǣǳǳҵĴ΢΢ſԬСؽ̽ҵĿУĲ֯Ӽ١ 

ǵһ˽ǣȴǵһϢĸоǵһκǡȴǵһδиоŨŨǣԭȷʵһǳ£·ﶼҪֻӵһһ 

֪˶ãܺϵĴطֿԬ΢΢죬ҵҲࡣעŶԷ۾ȻͬʱɬЦԬЦץҵ֣ס 

Ҫٷֿ˺𣿡Ԭʡ 

΢΢ЦЦȴûлش⡣ 

ȥ𣿡ԬȻʵ 

һղŻԬͻȻһˣĿ˸ļµĺ⣬ұסЩʹ 

ԬСػһ 

ԬŻعæҵ֣ǸĵǸ 

ҵЦЦһţɱңҲѹҲ֪һ㡣 

Ԭ۵Ľ뺦ΪһĿϲͿο֮漣˹֮ӦģףΪûӹجȴϷ漣ͬҲס 

Ҳǹģ鵽ǰĲߺ԰ȥȻɨ֦ûƫõɳУΪ 

ǣһ㶼סΪʲôҪҵľΪʲôûɱң 

ûɻ˿꣬ϾһҪɱңʲôı⣿ 

ҺԬ˼ЩˣԬҸǺñӺ뿪Ժ䲻֪˯˶ãڼ䱻ѹһΣǻʿѪѪѹԺ˼۾ɨһۣѾһƬڣӦǴҹȻֳ˯ˡ 

ֲ֪˶ãһԺĻصδ 

޷ұһֱԺ쾪ѣ˯֮Ϊһȥȫ 

ؿڣ˿ؿЦ˵㲻ˤֺαذ 

ҲŴûصԭŪ裿Ǽ򵥵£ 

ôĳ𡭡Գ૵֪ش 

ǣȴûڶˮص졣ҺɵĴ˿ڵĲһˣڰ֮ҲûκĴڡ 

ѵˣֱԺˮôǣҶ̫־壬Բ˼ҹΣ 

ŹҳһپɬҼѵͷˮȴһĶش򿪴ͷƣȴڿʲôʱõԲ۾ 

߷ݵһطڴͷϡȷڰԬڵʱû 

ҿɬЦЦҵĻ 

ù⿪סϸ˵֪ںηһ૵ȻһҪҿҿˡ 

ԭޱȿ֪𰸵ңȴ֪ںʱ𲻸ȥ̽𰸡һȥЩʱѾһµĽ𣬴𰸻ޱȺ¡ 

һһ뽫ǺӹȥȴһһαǿƵطҵǰ 

ΪʲôһҪأ 

֮ǰ룬ΪԬԹޣΪûеɱԬǴ޹ص֣뽫ԬΪɱҵʱ飿ҵ 

Ҫġ׹¥ʱľҵģԭʲôԩΪҪɱǣҴ˵һݵСӵĵҲΪξᡸСӡ֣ʶټ¼в鿴һ¡ȥһΪָԵԿѧһµĲ١ 

ǰСһͬȥϴʱ²λһŷİ̺ۣ˵ǰµġ 

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ˮҵǰζһĻĻ޵Ļ 

㲵Сڼӻڣȫ˸ʽԱ߿޵øγϡСӵİְ״ӣҲԱ߰Ĩᡣʱʿ˽һ˻ǽ𲮸ת˳ȥǰһΣֱһȺƽҡȻҿ𲮸ֵĲϸϸؿţɫ˱仯 

Сӵ 

Ҳ૳ԭһһеĸԴ 

ҷеĵ˿ֵĵ 

һüɫ˵ȥٳһسһʱѪѪȻųдĳɷݣѪȷеġ 

ֵѪ 

ҷеĵľĵ 

ȥ٣ҲѧҽԺԺ۲죬һµĲ١ 

Ǵ죬ڿִľ赭дᵽҲ˵Ѫܲãֲ裬˵ʱΪҺʵĹ軨һ 

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Ȼƽĵ 

ҲؿݵҲѾô¡ƽ֣ƽȫΧˣԶƤֲ 

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ⷲĵַһͬ㣬ҲǱزٵһǵѪȫA͡ 

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ҶϵĵⷲȽӣĻ˵صʱʧΣ۾ 

δ 

ˮҵǰһ˻ 

һŮӿ޵üڵأ˵ҽҵĶӲʧò׿ҵˣȾȾ 

ҽΪѵ˵۽Ĥľ߱Ͼܶ˶ڵȡ 

һֱ§Ů˵Ȼǰȥ͵͵ҽһֽġġ 

ˣ⺢ӵδȫ 

ҽ¶һ˿΢ЦĹ˺˵Ψһİ취ǴӺ֪Ѫĺ۽ĤҪ˺ܶడ 

¶Ȼ飺Ǯ⣡鷳ˣҪپܿڣ 

ҽ΢Цӵļ硣 

һ΢紵ǰ󣬰ҽĵЦ̼䱻ŤˣͬȰ㺧 

δ 

ˡȫˡ 

δ𡹵첢ˮ׹һεβʶԹ޵ˮ׹ۻؼ΢죬޷ѪһſˮΣ޷Сȴ𺶣޷ܾصԺС 

δ 

ȻһҪ۾һϴ󣿡 

δ 

Ȼ´ȴڽżŵصһ˲ڵأȫĹʹšһ¥߿׹µ˻ 

Ҫɱˡ 

δ 

ҰҪҪ۾ԡŹϴɡ 

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Ԭʱ֪ϴҽԺʮ¥ƲҲòмҽԺ豸ȫĹͷʱ¹Է۵Ρȥתʱ첲ʹ⣬μֱ˴æ 

ҹҽԺ͸һݹ죬һڻڼžĹУЩëëġŨصˮǺУҲеָס˱ǿס 

ˮǺζ 

ȻԺ֮кʲôֻ̫Ѹ٣һûüֱʲôһɨҡҡͷ˦ȥһͷȫעҵĿĵء 

۾ֵҪɱϴʱֲûʾֻļδûӰҲ֪ʲôĬǷ 

֪ұȥⷲһи 

סԺ¥ϴʮ¥ȻҽԺרŵбͨβĽҲΪÿһ¶Ҫ£ܽתʮ¥ 

ŲԶݵĶ㶣ԭΪѾˣû뵽ʹУȥȻ뵽ֵҵĻʿǲɢҴƤӵ»ȥɡ 

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δ 

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ת֪ڱƣΪŵǹǺ˵ζһγˡ 

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һǸٵͷһץס֪ΪһζϤˣΪζǸ֣걾ŹƵζ 

ΪʲôֵϻζһȥĹΪλζ 

ȷ˵һֱҿֶǺҹһģʵΣûκʵԵĸоΪҵʱȴܸо֡Ĵڣÿʱ̣ұŵֵζ 

Խ룬ĵױԽзëĸоæסԼĺ˼룬Լ볣ʶѽڵĴԻ̫ວŵĽͣҵĴǰԼŸ 

ת߹ƻֵͨңʶŲӣСļؿһۡ 

ֵһƬæ»ʿڷʲô˵ˡûڴʯ졣ǣҾǰ͸һ㣬ûע⵽ҡ 

뵽󣬲õ⡣ 

Żڡؽиͣÿ£ʱƱʲôһִ򿪣·˭ڵȴҡ 

ڵǰͣδһʧˡҧأתʻ˵ڣûѾϣʮ¥İť 

Ŀɿڴؿʮ¥ťֱδҲŵԵر۾ 

ҲߡȻҿʵڡ 

̶̵߲¥ľ룬˵ȴȪ·һ 

ȻһֱԼֵĿЩһֵǣҲУһǲĵȥѰĴڡ 

лл㡭ϸӬС˵ 

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δ 

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һֱֶҸеҪⷲ۾ 

ǣȴûҼϴҪҪֵ۽Ĥϴ 

Ҽֱ󡭡 

ͣźŲǰţһӦһתν˲֮С 

ڵλˣҵĿȴ¹ʿΨһһڴߵıӰϡ 

΢΢һʻ˹ȥСغһϴ󡭡 

ֻⷲ͵ڴǰһգգؿŴҵšҿϴͷһᣬЩؿ޳ 

סϴֺ֣ȵĺһΪԼסĲһֻ˵֡ 

ϴ󡭡갡ϵ𡭡ҴſǻСʵ 

ϴȻ͵עǰһ۶ûпҡ 

ϴ󡭡ⷲ˫֣һжġǵȥ٣Ǹ¥ɱ֡ 

ϴָ͵һȻؿϴҵĻ 

ϴȻûпѾ˱仯Ҽæ˵¥ģʱԻȣСӵİְΪ˾СӶȺ쵰ҽпһ֣ȻЩ͸Ƶϡ 

ܸоϴֿʼԵزҿż˵ϴ󡭡СֽѪȫѪҺɶľĹ裬Ը趼ֽƽֲƤȫƤƶϴ󣿡 

ҵĿӦѲڵˣǶξһһѹֵɤˮϱˣһεϴϡ 

ϴҲǵֻ۾Ǹ۽ĤֵġһҪֻɱġ𣿻ģԡԡ 

ҿ޵ɡ㿴㻹ԻֻҪžͻϣҲ뿴ȥˣҲ롭 

ϴֲ֪ʱѾٲ̧ͷĨȥеˮϴһ͵Ŀ⿴ʲ΢΢ɶһľˡ 

ҾؿϴĿʹͷϵˮ̣аѵ 

ҾһаѵҪôϹϴ۾𣡣 

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ϴˣ´㡭 

΢ԼٴȥµľٶǾ´ΰϴ۾֣ 

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ⷲ΢𣺡Ҽ۽Ĥߵͬ顭 

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һȺѬ˫۵ķӣ᲻ΪǵıһƺϷαװ 

ϴһ˳ţ֮УϴıӰ·Ƿϲϡ˵úϢɣˣϴ󡭡 

Ҳ̫ǵԼλصֻǵԼһſڴûˡһҹ˯ۺӭҵıǾ߷ݵͱ˵ʡ 

⼸ݵƽʧУҵıչʧˣΪʲô֣ 

һ״Ҳ֪ 

ѪѹĻʿСȷ賿ʱ⼸ݵΪʲôߵӲ鷿ʱȴˣ賿뵽ߵ֮ʲô 

ڴ˯ҹĻܳȥ𣿡 

Ϊʲôչ賿ʱ۵¹Աߡ 

𣿰ҹɢ˰ɣ 

ҵķ̬ѶٵķУĿⲻƵ浣̱ƹ 

賿ĵ㵽ʮ¥𣿡 

һΪʲôʣѵ˿ˣ 

ʮ¥٣Ϊ״̬»ܵʮ¥羰ɣ 

ʵо¶һ˿ͷ飺꣡ϵ飡ҵⷲ賿ʱ˷ֵڲڣѾٻӦʿȴǿģоԵ˵ң 

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ѵΪδܽ۾֣Լ֣ϴûΣգ 

ҹķӦ̬ȾͣתοûΣաѾȫٻֻʧˡ 

ҳһ˼һ£˭ģ 

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ϴԼġԼ۾ 

ϴ󡭡 

ֵ໤ʿ˵й쳣ƺʹùڵӰ賿ĵ֮ӰĪ𻵡һеɺǿȷţڼЩʲôķ 

ҲòԼ˿٣Ŀǰûκ֤ݱⷲĲ룬ҲɡɷΪ֡ 

ǲΪ˻б´ֵҵ۵ٻڵӰ˿Ĳšһһߴ¶ְɣ 

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ɱ˰ƺˣһƽʬʧ١ʮУⱻֲ֣״һУ԰һֻţּȻ 



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Сӵİְ˰κɫˢһ±òҰס 

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סڣ𲮸ֵؿңŵغ˼ 

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