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ЩʧǸ־״ԪƺûôΡȴûԹʲôʵ֪֮ҪĳҵɾҲֻǹڡЩ棬ô̽ɵġ

 

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ǺǣȻǣūôܽ˺Ǹ˵ģϹܼѰˣ·ū澡˵ֲ֣״Ԫϯ֮ûٻȥ˵ڸ·ˡǺǣǸҲ·ô
ĵֳָǸЩбӰԼʼʱϵĺΡ

 

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ҵ޹ء㾿ǡ˻ǹǡӳֵô죬ˣĻЩˡ鸮Ѱ֮أøϽ뿪
ǼŪЦͻȻɫǺˣҽв񣬲Ĳԣʯ񡣡

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룬ԼҪĻҲҪ쵽һĵزﰵԳЦҪǷһҲǰҪܵõһǵðĿ
һɣڼ˺ųƳں󹬵ĻǸ˵Լ˵Ůӡ
ֻԼ˫ʮüɨݷ΢Ϳһ˫ǺˮЦЦһ̳࣬ɴȹͷϱƣбһ֧չҡŵдЩޡȷʵļòĹ
ģûעò̬ȵҲףֻǲ˵˼仰һ̫˵ǴϿôȥ԰
ϲûϲɫǴŵǸ˵ǲɣպ楺ú˵˵˭֪ϾҪʱ;գ߼ˡΥֻίˡ
˵֣æǡ

ʮ 

ջصٹ˱ϢĻǰרŶԼŻĻҲһЩ䱸ֻ˵ԼΣû˵ʱ뷨
ϴȥ԰;ʱЦ̫Ҳ̫ˣҿ°˳м١
˵ûнȥ԰Ŵˣٴʥּ
µȻм١룬ȻҪϿģѾ׼óˣôΪ˺ûϵţֻ̫ⰲŵġ
ϸ룬˵Ļȷеɻôʲô˼
ƳϵĳЦ벻˰ɡʾأףǵóһһеǱ¸߶ˡ
˭֪ϳ谮ûҪַʽҰɡľúΡ
һЦΪевˣƣײˡλ￴Ļǲǳһͬ빬ͬΪˣòãҲҪûϿаֵͼλɣһڵ졣˭֪Ȼ˽ͨ˻ߵ̫࣬±㱻ȥޣ֮һˡ˵֪ǱĻĽ
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ŶҪúллڴӦţȴ벻ôл
Ѿȡ˼ġæлӦ
λ빬ʱ䲻ĵطأҪ빫ӦҲһ԰˵
ǳɾˣһ۾ͿλɰΪ˻ۣ빬˳ңǰ;ﻹƽϣЦӡ
ߺ󣬷ҲˣʱԸˣɼǵðˡ
ոڣС̫ڹŹʺĵ
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ӹյһڣЦǵˮ裬ģ
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ǸĹ⻷ģǶ壬Դ֣Ӣǿ׳ӰһҲ
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ˡΪǺźĵĹΪɴֻĹˡ̫࣬ǿ졣
תȻһȺ̫æӭǰȥûҪͻһµͷֻܺѺദ
ҲϲĺǸƵɫ·ǰվŵֻһͨŮˣخ谮Ůˡ
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վɽܿ˴˻ţ˵ǵúܶԣ²ɲ֮Ѿϲٷĵ΢̤ʵЩѴ¶רĿһ¡
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ʵܼ򵥡ֻҪǶеģǾˡ
ǻϣеĶɶˣﻹϡ棿
Щ͵ôֻǵطһ䣬ʧˡ

ʮ 

ΪףٵϯȺһҹȻȺͣʮλɶû֦չڳŸɫ֬۵˸ŸֽεĹâ쳹Ÿʽࡣ
֣ʺҲһԵӺݻڼԣƷ͵ҡΪпգΪλҶλãڵ֮Ķǻ
͵۴ΨһܺƾеĶֻ֡һɫаϵһɫȹһŴ硣ͬǼаڿñȽϴ¶ɫĨأѩɫļԼĻ˵ֶһԸС
ĲòĴ֮Աױ˵ȻȴհᣬΪڵĿɲܺͶʮͷٸȡ
洩һɫƳɵĶͳȹһɫɴ£ٴһɫ֯ӱȼף䣬Ө͸Ӹӳð͸졢崿ޡ
ĵҪͻһ£ŮòǴЩԵͷԵоϿʱﻹмϲãҲԽݹ
֣ʺɸףƣ귽ĻӣӡŮҲԼĸף١ôòŮӶҪԼĶ裬Ƶ۲ΰԵļҲЩƮƮȻ˲١
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˻ֻվӹùһ˵檿ûеôõĲţֻ˿ߴʣͻϽɽ˵Ǿ򿪣һ׳һ׸ߵĴ壬خĽɽ
Ҳ˵Сڴʾܸߵ֣ĸ׺Ϊ£ڿɽͼ֪ˮƽжߡ
ȻõһƬֻͣΪƷľΪʹҲ֪ƷҲҪ£ҲͱǺͿʼ׼ϵһƬⲻԶ
ЩĿʼģԼǼǰſʼ׼ĳ̶ôȵùĽɽͼܺͻʺ󡢹ȹأĳó᲻Ц
ԥʱ֣ʺ˵Ҷף٣һģͲƷλһλֱóˡ
Ҳ˵ʺ⻰˵ĺãҲʽúϱ⡣
һ£Ѿģ֪Լ׼ʲô֣ʺôһ˵Ҳ÷ԣֻõ˵ͷ
ҲɵϣȻʺ⻰ڴѹҪȻΪƫʱ˵ͲǺóͷˣɣ޶С
ȺһɧȻﶼͣȴֲ̫ҡ˭֪ôġеġһŮվ½ѧһ֧裬ǻϺ͸λ㲻óԴ蹧ػ޽
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룬žǲ˵µȻˣڣѹּݳҺ黪ϳɲͬڡ¥μˣֻϲдҷ緶Ůӡ
ݴͷҲŵӻԾһʱȺھҲ쳣֣ЦϡɺȵͷϵļȴͲסˣǸһֱĬ˽еĶ޵
һͻȻҲŴˣǸλãܵǰ棬Ǻͻʺƽƽˣ
ϣ檡
ǲضǣ󣬻˵ʲôˡˣŲ֣ʺЦӯӯ˵
ҲԼ˻ףʺѿ˿ڣջأûʺˡ㳯֣ʺǸһЦ֣ʺƽһЦ
Ƭ̣̫ΪŲȻЩʺ˴ָ˼ҲͲԥ̫˹ȥ˼ԡס
һֱĿбӣǿ̫ڷελЩԡʲôû˵Щ޹أҪڹͱѧ
ĸ£֣ʺʵǸ׼ʲô񣿿óơҲһڴؿ
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Ҹ񶼲ͼˣںǲΪѡ֣ʺ˵
ǣʲôöûҪŪϡĶֻҪŮõĻһЦ
Ĳƴǣó׼õһСľУݸҲûо̫Ĵݣֱӽ˹һ澹һҡ
֣ʺЦԭһң벻ǵ幦ҲҲвЦ
خŮĹɲ࣬˼ҵΪ˺ڣ˼ҵΪԡиֲ࣬ɸҵĲֻһλλǴʱЩˡ
֣ʺбۿһۣûʲôֻ˼֣ϧ̫塣Ҳ㾫£뻪廭ȾͲԶˣλǾͲԼȥ
ڳЦԼˣżС˵֪òãǳ檵һΡԺһøá
һϸ,۾һܺãϲ˵СطŻľߵ̫࣬ҪǺúñܡ
֮󣬼ûȥ¹Ǵֱȥ˱̳ι⵽֣ʺȻ̸Цɣɫ˼֡
̳ιڣɫʺ󣬼§ģһֻĻ˼չƵң֡
غϣ˸
չЦд޵ʫ𣿡
İؿڣֲǵбдʫǳϿģúãհ˹Ҳͼǵһ䡣
΢Щʧմ񲿣¶ˣôΪŮȴдʫأ
Ϊ޶ۣûŴ׵ѧϸռҲûѧһŮĲѧ̫ӣһһƽƽƾͷΡ
˵˼ϸʲô
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ϲô᲻ϲ§ףĶԽԽˡҪסĻغϣ˸
ֻҪϲ볼檾檾ͲҪǻͳ檾ѣ檿ɲɵɵصšˣôҲִˣɲɵɵرˡ
ôã
еϲ㲻Ҹ

ʮ Ϊǿ

¹ڣ֣ʺױ̨ǰһʮĸڸͷ
ͷǰһֺһҲûб䡣˵֣ʺʱϣõƾگ빬
֣ʺ˳һͷȻīᡣΣҲֻԼȵͷ
һһ˵ﲻصģ϶ǲͼʡ˻ӣڲҲֻܶڴᡣ
Ųᡣ˱濴ͦºͣʵȹֻûлϳʱҲʲô
Ǻǣľ˶Ķֺ֣αΪһ֪СѾͷأϼһΣСѾͷܸʲô¡
СѾͷδ֪ʱľ£ҵɣôһӣﰡдĺ𣿡
ӵֶһ£ʱСЦô档
ѵʵģֻΪ˲ȡϵ
⹬˭᲻õϵĳ谮̷ʺ˵
һ룬Ҳԣĸɻѻơģ뷨ӵ˻ϵĳ谮ʺ󣬻̫ӵĸס֣ҵռҿɱȵġ˵̫ҲѾˣΪ˴͵£ǻصĻӡ
֪ҲòҲϳ谮ˣֻҪܱסҵĺλסҹδס֣ҵȨƣҲͿˡ
˼ǡʺеĿɬ
֪ʺеʲôæ˵ľϣϾȻٵ߰ʺﲻɨ˻ϵˣҲû˵ʲôȻƽƽ
һʹϴҲҪչλİڷŲʺƽԽڶµĺ֮أҲܸı䡣
ô˵ѵأ
֣ʺЦһҲ𣿡ΪᵱڳģϼֻĵĻò
롭ϲٲȥ
ҹȻѾˣɻϻֵʢ꣬Ժʱ㹻һӳˡ
һ˵ڻûлӡ
ǺǣҪϽҪת游״ˣǱΪǿ
ҲΪŵ˲һնڱ̳ιֱĶˡȻһһһ˫˵ⲻǻʹеġȰȥĹԺǻʺǣˣˡ
ıĻҪá
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񿴳˼ЦΪû֪Ҫɽˣ֪Ҫȫȫ⣬ˣҲˡ
Щ磬ĸĶ˼ΪʲôẦ˵ļޣΪʲô˵Ĵأ
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Цϵ²ܣֻҪ취󹬵ߵС
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ߣڵʲô𣿡ˣ滹ǻѹɽ
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죬˵ԭ⡣
ⲻܣʹЩŮ˶⣬Ҳû취úһ˵ҪŬԼøһѱϣסͷΪͿˡ
Ĳ̾һô˵ֺ㲻Ҳı䲻ʲô˵Щ㣬Ϊã˵˳⣬ǻеĽܲ𡣡
ߣô˵Ϊࡣ˵ֻΪ룬ΪҡƾʲôҪƾʲôҪǸνҲΪǺ޹أ
ʼղΪֻȥǰ˵ֻǷ㣬ȲǿʲôҲܴʲôߣ㲻Ը˶Ϊ֮ɡ
ĻһɵڶģഺٵĹԺ˵˵ЦЦ齥
Ҳһ󵨵ͷҲ˵ĶǼٻҲ޹أҲǲخгԲԼӲİţأ
ˡǰ
ǴŻϵĿģǴ࣬ҪԽ
ѧ޾ʹȥԡ
ðϲ⡣
λʼԼһ֣ҲΪдǰصĸʹšѾܹԵ̫ӼҹͶӼأһ塢ĳ佫ƺƵɶ˵Ȼġ
Ϊ˷ĴһװһӢ꣬ǵüЦȻۣ֪Ǽĳֻһˡ
˶ʮӣĲ缧࣬òҲΪֻѾȵĺۼһ˫΢Щݵ۾ɫеؿģֱɫҲЩˣæջء
ǺǣСΪѾɫڲ֪ԭǱ²ΪԼ򼧱Ц
ԼĳóҲֻЦر¿ˡȴЩˣɫ۾ˣԼȥˡ
֪˭ˡأ¾˵ԭخӣͽἧȨңûعֲ̫ӡǰϻʵȥ̳˻λ
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ʮ Գ

ԿʼˡĴʱֻǿȣֻ롣һѹԼŴɳ۶ȥ
ӷǳѱҲԼһһͻʼԳķ羰ţǰλخԱ¶񡣴ĵƥߵǰʱһ˵ƽ¥ǡ
򣡡ĺܸˣ빬࣬һֱûܼˡ
ƽ¥̧ͷЦ֪ԭҲǰʱΪǳۻˡ
ǺǣǼǰϲŽҵģҲֻߡһ˵ţһ߿򻹵ͷһˡղž;죬ϸһϵЦˡ
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һȣ򲻱ظĶ⣬ҲҸĸ״˺ͽʺáλ˻ǿЩȥɣɲҪˡ
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ȻڶĵĸѾûеôǿңɱϾԼϲˣĵ޸ˣǰĺɽɫҲʧȥ㱣֪ڽԼȥ
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ǵʧ˵ܿǹĹˡ
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ϲҪ֪żƢЩܾҪɱ֮ôôģǵĴǳǷԶԶظں档
ҲҪ֪һҪľ̷ӡ
Ҫϣ͵ǿڳ檵ǰɡһ˵һҪ¹򡣼ŵˣæӦ׷ЩĲɵϡ
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ȥ԰лľ֮ĻԼʱԾ˵ʧ֣÷ǳ˼
΢΢üôУ޵İôһСԵлģԻúõʹ
Ĳټ֡署ŮбֺһİӼ棬л

ڶʮ һδƽ

ĵ֪ԼԳԺҲûнĳӺڱԺȺ򣬱㲻ɷ˵ߴټȥԻɲǼ򵥵ֻԼӰ˼ڳĿе
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ֱ֣һ㣬ɫ糣ֻ˫һ˿п
خԺգֻרʹõӵ٣طֻԵһȵʹΪִ¡ȻĹԱȴΪƹȫԼҵļ룬һףô򵥡
ݵѡҪ͸Ϊϸ񣬲һҪ߹󣬻һǻʼΪεĳӡԣʮ꣬ԭ֣ӡ̫Ӽ֣µ١
֣ʺ׵ܣҲп˫ۻ峺ӻ㣬ɫƽͣٲȻǸµĵܵܡٵݹȻֻǡֻȻС꣬ŮҲӦǶŮȺˡ
׵ĵܵѾɳΪһǿ׳ˣȴò̻Ի͵ڣ֣ʺһᣬʵܵܣԹ
֣һЦأԹ
֣ʺһ㶣ǰ֮УȻʹӳȺҲǶأͬҹضΪǣж࣬ԹжۣһҪȥ

ڶʮһ һ

֣ʺ֣ͬã;·ԿֵʯڸĻʼﶼУΨخӵǰصʯҲخ֮ڼΪͳ̳ߵһǿ֤
ٵʱԿϵģ֣Ȼһ֮ǴƬĿհףȴż֮ǰȻ֣Ҳ⡣
֣ʺͣ²ĿһǰƶֱΨһһ֮ĿհסԭȲǿհףǺĨȥ̵֣Ѿˡ
֣ʺ֪˭ǰһ٣Ϊ۹˰Ϊɫ١ʱǿȢӵģǴӵõŮϿɵŮѡΪޡλȴһһУϧΪǸĺְ
ΪŭϲԣӴֲϣս𡣳͢Ϊλ٣涨Ժٲ׼ȢӣҪ׸顣˵ҲʯĨȥΪ֮ˡ
˺ݵԽԽأǿĵ۹Ҳ˥ʵӲдһΪڡ˵ǻΪŮŵ۹Ŀ֮ᱣĵ۹ǧ꣬ǰ͸ˡ
֣ʺڿֵĲмҲЩԹޣһУֺܵ
º֣ʺңֻĸĹ⡣ͬĸ׽ܣҲл
ˣ֣ʺʵ
֣˵ͷ綼˵ˡľҪô
ǾҪôѾôˡ
֣һתһ룬ʹ绹Ҫϣ֪ͨҪ
֪Ϊٲ빬֮£㡣ɵһͲòˡ
֣룬ʵһʣбҪôȻܳ裬ռ㽫»ӣȲðôЩֵ
֪ܵǿɱȻ»Ӷܷ⣬ĸƾӹ󣬿ʱ˾ţϱΪʾеķο˵ĶҰ̫Ŵ˻ϵͷȴ˶ռҴӷ͡˵վɽǸϺڼ˸״Ҳ̫ˡ
Ҳǹǣ˵ȷʵɫ˫סҲΪ档Ҳ֪Ϊ̫֮ҲҵѳɣΪһ˵ĻĶ˳ֻҪٲң֮λ䣬ֺα
ǺǣΪֻǶʼûϳ谮ô꣬ϳŮҲһֺһβͬŮ˲ȻĻϣҰĸ󡣻ϵ¾Ͳ˵ˣ˵һӭȢԪ칫϶׼گˣȴͷ紵ûˡ֣ʺ¸ԹޣȻƷЩ޹ȥһ֮󣬲ίҹһΪǰʲôģ𣿺ߣǲҹܰȵصǻ
ϵĻ֣üΪػһԼżخǺҪġôı⣿Ǻ⣿
ڱ̳ιߣ¾ԴˡҲ֪ɺ󹬸һ̫󣬶Խ׳ذ벽һΣϲûг˴󳼵ķ˳⣬֪ζʲô𣿡
֣ʱ͸εĳ֮һȻԼľһ־ôǿӲˣֻ֪ŮΪµԣֻнΪʺпɶԺ֮ڳҼľӰʵ̫ˡ
ѵҪĲķţ
Ի϶Եĳ̶ȣֻҲһίˡ˵治ĻôʥҲǸˡʷʥ֮ŮɫսӹϺϳ׵ӣҲûа֣ʺ˵˵ţԼҲ̲סԼԤԻܿʵҲֻǵԼҹ֣ңҲǵĻϡĳͥخ
֣룬ĵǲȫ޵ʹûȡ֮ҰģŻ϶̶ȣջɻϵ㡣㣬Ͳһǿľˣʧȥǿخ
ǰ֣ʺһ£˵ЩطİվȻ˽ԹۣΪ٣ôϽȡأ
ָֻ֣ƽ͵ɫҲһ٣һӡ
˼ǡ֣ʺɫһ䣬ûиٲȥֻҪǣľҪʲôӦøԤ¡
Ķеı޲ʮϲСΪٰʢᣬʹ͵鱦ϸǲȲʺ󣬵Ҳ
˵ĪڼӦѼ޸ءͼȻ׽ҲغĹ޸һĵ޻ĻΪҶԼҸԣ֪˾ٻ飬Ǵŵ򼧱ڻ¡
Ҳŷͨھ񣬾𡢵ˮҲ˺񡣵յĺ񣬾˵ѡһɺɦͷʱЩ飬֪Ƿ֪ԼΡ
ҹȻڱ̳ι˯ǰָĴһ׹һԲε׹ͷǳ򵥣һ㸻˼ҵŮҲļΪϣ֪Ѱ֮
ϲѾ˺ܶණĶôҪ
ЩǶ㿪ģȴǿԾģһҪʱʱš
ʲôĺץ׹ϸϸ۲죬ȴǾһǬУһװ˼ɫҩ衣
ʲô
Ƶҩ˽ⶾ־ͽ̳εҪá
һȣ֪ǵϴε¹ݣΪġرס룬ʹүƣҲ˺˵
ֳڱ̳ιҲСȻϲһֺαӲȥأȰҪڡʿɶֹȴ˼˵ˣͣĿЦá
֪ĴضɵļޣССıû뵽ĳЩ˵ĵӱĴֶαĺݣô졢ôǿҡ
һգЩԡ׼ʱ޹һƬæ¸ϹȥȴּѲ֪ȥֻ·̼ĹڵϣѲɪɪ
ԵɣҲ˵ֻһ߿һԹ޵۹⿴ģĸĪ
˳ȥ̽Ϣȴ̾йƹ̷Ůٺ̫̳ι˵Ƿ˻ϵҪߡ
޷Ҳ̽κϢµǣֱ̳ιվκ˲롣
ˡ

ڶʮ 粨

һҹ빬ߵһҹĵĻֱ̿ȸ빬һҹԳһҹҪʢΪ֪ԼʲôҪʲôӲ֪ȥӦԡ
ͬģҪʱֻûг֡
Ϊ˯ò̫ãڶñƽʱЩñ㾪طֱ֣ˡˣһҹļֻˣɫϲɡ
󼧱˵¼࣬ȴŭֱ
ԭҹԡ֮ʱչȵ衣²þͷֲԾﾹȻˡŭ֮ʸǹ˵ǶĲ裬ûԼϯҪＧҩԡ
ʲôˣôᱻԵʧȥԣӿ޳ܵŮˣһžͽ´ȥȻŭػصԼ޹һ̫ҽҩԣһ㣬˱̳ι
ǳ檣ġܸϳĶԵ׺䶥
֪㡣ֻ޵ʱҩЩ壬ֱǹһﷳ꣬ϸȥˡĶһҹţ޵Ĵ §޺ͿˣôĶĶԼõġ軹Щϸ֮㿴˿ɣԲŴҴҸǸ
˵ңΪʲôҪô˵ڹ˽ء˽áΥжԻʹá߸Ҫأ
ߣˣλҲͰˣҰжҩݺѾּҪ˾ϰ죬Ϊ˷ǡ֪ƾһôҲ벻ĶƣοҪܸ㵽нֹġضָʹˣ˵ĿĲġ
֮±֣ʺɴ漰ҩּͬ߱죬֣ʺҲҵ㡣
һʼҧָʹţ˼ʡ㲢ŮҸһ̿˿ڣҩԼŵģ͸ҩȴĺҪõķˡ
ԭĳ൹ҲڹҲϳˣ֮ıߣһƾԼòеûϵĳҡɸĺܳգȴֱѹú޳ͷ֮գһ֮ġ
ʱѾԶķȴֿʼ˵ԼҲ⵽ż֮ͬ⡣˵ԼҲòϵĻᣬ֦ͷˣôܻҪ̷ˡ
㱻˵Ķæֽơ˱ƣֻҪ㣬ǻϵŮˣǹˡҩ˵ǽŵģϺͻʺһط˵̳ι˾Ҫˡ
㵱ȻܳΪ̳ιˣֻһͷֻҪǻϵŮˣֻܷ˵ūšͷðɱͷ֮ˡ
˺ܿͱץһȴһݣ˵ƲݳģҩҲģԼһмˡ
ԭ֮ݱΪһУΪԸһܱȶԸסͬĵķˣխŮһϼƣҪûǣõİ취ĪݺԻʹá
˶ߵĹ˱ȽϤС۶ùȴ磬˵ڸϵĲҩȻġ˺֪벻ʵ֣ĵĳ谮ȴǵ
ûлǷݺóʱ裬ʧ̱˲ˡʱ£侮ʯҷóʱΪάֳ谮ȷжԻϰ¹
ǣ˴¼ͼݺתΪͼݺϣʱںһȻ󲨡ݺͷ˱Ϊˣ߰籴ȫһӳ⡣
ĵõϢʱѾˡֻ󼧱Ҫɱˣ˵ǵļкθɣ
ǰ͵͵ȥʹԼֻ⣬Ҳȷɹ빬֮ӡϧ˲飬϶ЦԼʧܡ
ҳ̫ˣҲݵĻԸ㣬ҵĵλôĶ֣㲻Ҫ̫磬ĿɲֻһǱҴҲ󣬵ȵǳʱͿˡ
߳乬죬գļȴǱһƬ
ΪʲôҪΪʲôҪңҴ𣿡ĳճյؿ죬ʵһٹʱŵĹҲڹΪ׽ε֮һ
ⶼԼȡҪϡȰ
Ĳ֪˼һţǵ˳䣬һҪǶܻؼңȻź£ױҶˡҪ˵˵ҲͲˡϲһ̱ˣּдִƽ˼룬⼸ľԼĹһùޡ
ȦҲˡ
죬㲻Ұɣס֣ҪʲôѴһҪңһģǧҪ𣿡
ҡֹ
˾ˣ꾪ʧ˽Դձץߺһ˾Ůپͺ¡
һι˾ץ˭Ϊ֣ʺԼ̲ܽΪˣ̫ͬ¾һβ鳭˭˽ء˽á֮档
̳ι¼Դͷ϶ǵƫĿŮǲǣֻ⿴ȥˡĿЩƵɹУֻҪȮˡ
һĻˡ¥Ρ˲鳭԰һΡ˵Ƿµ˾壬Լ˭˴ҵɵ㣿
δ鳭˺ü죬Ԥϵģ󲿷ɶû£ֻмƷ׽ϵ͵̫ܵͻʺѵ룬ȥùϳҵ楺ˡûƷ׵Ĺ˾͸Щץ򡢱ϳȥĶС
һʱ乬Ļֲ̻̣ԹصֻܰѲֵǣĶ񲢲ֲ鳭ĻʺҲԷλǰɣͬΪܺߵǡ˶ΪΪϹڳ谮ͲᷢЩ顣
Ĵû繬ߣû˰Щ֪飬ֲѹֵͬȾʧȥĵЦݣʱüһ뵽㡢ˣڵƺʵһˡ
ĵ־ᣬ뽫ĽΪˡȻȫɼǰʺ

ڶʮ ͷ

檻Ǿòס֣ʺϹϾش
ΪβףѾǻʺڶηˣѵʺǾ䲻͡𣿡ȥҪһɣ֣ʺ󶼲ᷴԣȻҲӲ˴ʺ档ĽΪһλкβף
ˣ檲Ǿкβף˵ʱڲס
кβף
˺ͷ˷ãʬδ˵ǾȡϾҽһɶмˡڴʱǣֻֻԹԡ
ߣ˹ݺĶĶҲǳһ鶼Լ˼ƣΪջ𣬡ˣҪԼϲŮ˻Ҫǵɫ𣿡ɻʺ˵˾ָԼ
֣ʺıһ£ǵ΢Цţ˵˵Ȼ룬˵ҺˣҲǳͥĸǵӣҲԸھͽܻϵĽ⡣ٵһʱ䣬ȴҵ˴£⣬Ǹ˻ϲ
ɫ˲٣޾ʺģ˵ʲôʱڱȽϺʣھҺüգʱźð¡ɲϴûʺлȥ̫
֣ʺô᲻׼⣬һ˵һҪ𣿡
ʺ˻Ǻ⣿һּ֮ôɣ
֣ʺȽˣȻ˵Ҳ֪ǰڸв鳭棬ڼ䣬ЩȤĶϸղʳǷ䲻һ֣͡ǰȻỳɣڣ檲òɡ΢΢£һΪΪѵɫ
㵽˵ʲôǶʹáʺ󲻱ţֻҪЩݵ˼ɡ
Ϊǣǳ檶ɣֻǰ˭õ˻治¡֣ʺĿ⿴ż
ΪҪͼַõġ罫Եߵοٶһ٣¶Цݡ
֣ʺִߣ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵һ֡ͬѰҩ˻᲻԰ε϶ԷҺֻ֪Ϊá
ϵЦˣЩʲôȤĶ
˵˴ӹ⹺ʧ
ʲôȵشվ
زǲѧˣֻĴڷ֮ϣ˲ߡʧĺųƵõġ˵ҩĸӶҩҩֱºҩ˱᲻԰εĸҩˣȴȫѰ֢״
ϢӺζɫءʧҩУܵõʧ˱ضйϵǲģ¹ش
ϢǼٲҪҪʧû빬ûбʹã
㻳޵ϣ
ĺҲ˵Ѿߵˡǻ𣿳檻ǵõʱ϶Գ˵Ļۺֽˣ檶Żֻй¡ֻ¡
㡭ȻǵãɫЩ㱣Ѿóʱû׳־
ʮˣ檲ҲӦϣһҪΪϵΰҵһౡ֮
Ĭã͵͵˵·ͬСɣ޲ֻƾĻɾ϶ǣܲ𡣡
֣ʺһϲҪ֤ǷʧѣֻҪҽϱɡֻǴ¹ػԼخ壬ҵҽ߲Ҫҽ߳ҪƷжĹԣ檴󵨾ټٴˡҲϣһֻǳ檶ˡ
֣ҽĸۡΪ˱֤˳ǻ֣١
ջʲôû˵뿪˱¹֣ʺҲûдߴ٣֪ľԥ˵Ŀȷʵλ⣬ͬʱҲ˵ĵѾѷ졣
·ϣͣס˽Ųй飬㵽̳ι޵Ŀͣ˵żвʣԼЪ°ɡ
һ£ʱıⲢϡ棬оϽ첻żвô򵥡ǻЪλĹ
ҡҡͷسԼ޹
Ϣô֣ʺĶĿѾϰյ£ЦˡǸĴŮˣȴһѵľ֣ǣӾʲôģһӶΪ¹ˡ
Ĳ֪ڱ¹һУûȫӷ˵˵֪ҹϢʧΪڵ谮˵İ
·̳ιݶվӰһɫһɫ
㿴Ȼ֪ѾͷˡĲȥ𣿡ʵ
ҵǰʹϰ˵ȥǾûʲôˡ˵úܵĮ
迴ǸŴŮӣﾹȻҲһ˿ꡣҲе鶼ͲԥˡǸʵѾڻˣûôá
˻һЩֵ뷨ҵļʹһжҲ֪ͷЩͷĺá
ЦˣҾ֪㲻ᶪܡơ
ߣôΪ˺壬ɲΪʲôġ˲Ųǵ˭ģֻ˭Ǵٻ
֪Ϊ˺壬ҲΪĶɣСؿ
תͷ⻰ʲô˼
˵û£ž͡ز˰ɡ
תͷǸдŮӣû˵һ㻯һʧˡ軹ԭأҲڿǸдŮӡܾǰͷˣĶ̬Ȳһ㡣
һҹһ֮ҹڶ糯ûϣٴ󳼻ΪǾã糯Ҳвۡ
Ź󲻾ã˽֣ʺ볯һ볯֣ʺؿ֣һƬϲȴƽˮ·֪빬Ϊ¡
ȥЩ㲣ʺҲˣ˵ʺȻǣ޾ǰڴ֤ԺִЩ꾡Ļ
ֻҪܽǵĻɣ檸Ըܷ֪ܷ˲
˵ʾ֣ʼ֣Ҳɫƽˮ·֪¹ϵĺλЯҽ䣬Ϊϸļ顣
˵ʲôסֱ֣ۣ۾֣ʺ֮ش뿴֮ǲѴͨ
֣ɫ糣ƽƺľֻΡ֣ʺȴǴһ˿ȣĲ²Ȼȷģִһ˿ˣľ˺ˣһ˿ϲϲļûа׷ѡ
ȷʵʧϲؽţнεķ
ɿ֣ŵĲԼڵʧܲܽ⣬ҩ˭µģǲġ

ڶʮ ޿

ٴˣڵʧǺʱУ֣ʺʵ
ڵʧаꡣʧһֹƣºнͻһֱЧá
ǰԼѾǳ谮ֺԼʧŮĺñȺ룬Ϊסĳ谮ʲôģ
ꣿ֣ʺʲôǰǲԳ⣬һʹŵô
ʺǻǴⲻԼƵģĿľΪ˻棬õʧʵѾɣȴֺ⻳ɱȷϡ
檲Ӳ²⣬ֻºһδ̫һ㡣֣ʺһۼ˵룬ʱʹнӴ˲ֻһƾһͶ϶µҩҲδ̫ǣǿ
ǻʺ˼ǡ
֣ʺ֣һۣ߱˵ʵҲѣֻҪǷʧĸҩԼҩʱ䣬֪ҩǷá
ĬƬ̣ȥ̳ιǰ
˻ʺ󣬼ɵԼ޹ҲǵһΣЩΪ岻ʣǰ̳ι˳ڣûǷϲɫ㲣ԽΪǲˣֻ⳼ԣֱѯʡ
һģӿһ뽫ӵ뻳еĿ漴뵽᲻ʧãһ˯շתࡢߵ龰ʱΪϲŭཻ֯Ȼ޷¶ϲɫ
λخٴˡ
֪خλȻڽʱĺ´ֻ̣û뵽һλſӡ˵εǻŵĳ֮һҲ֣ʺ׵ܵܣҵæʩ
֣ҲǵһμģҲɵؾòȻһŮۺ;нұĸоü¶ĽģǱϰٶЩѹ֣ʺὫΪǿС
ٴҲǹҽ޼üչʳѰֲԸ̫ҽԽٴ빬ɲҪƴǣ޵ˡ
Ĳм٣ΪΪԵ㲣ﵹ˼ǸȻ֪Լֻᣬ岢޴󰭣ǴӦ֣
֣֮Ҳֻ˵ᣬ˵ҩľ֮󣬼˵Ҫ֣̣Ļعո뿪֣ʺƫת˳Աߣ֣ĵ״
ֱ˵ɣǷʧ
ػϣȷʧҲа֮á
Ѿ׼û̫ȣŭ֮ȴھץͷϵԽץԽҪͷš
ˣ޶𣿡ڱһ
֣ʺ˵ı飬ôչĹأ˽áߣȥš乬ʹʧڹﻹ״Σϣ¸ôðڴʱ϶ᣬϣһŭ֮˵֡
СϻۣıȨͱΪ̫ӣǻʹخΪʢĹңԼĳܱ߸޲׾ܵıǱŪڹ֮䣬οһŮˡ
Ҫŭʱ֣˵ųǺʱϲһµС
ʲôΪȡ
֣ʺҲǴ󾪣ûпɣ֮࣬Ҳ˲Ͼ֮
֣ɫ糣ػʺ󣬳䲻Ůƣϲῴ
Ķ޵ĺӣжʱϲŭ
ѹǳ²ߣԭż£ѧĸƾӹɡ֣ʺϧȴ֣¡õϢĸ֪ԼУֻҪּ˭֪£
²ߣҪҪӡҪţ޻᲻𣿡ֽץס˷ϵͷ
֣ʺֶʣϻüװϧı飬ǰ뽫Ϊʲôĵģѵ˵ҪĲֹһ
Ҳ룬ǸаСŮôļˣһֱˣĶһ
һ²òࡣ֣˵
ٴ˻кҪࣿһϡ һ֣ʺЩˡѵܸܵղűǺסˣҪ취ѡ
̧֣ͷֱֱؿż±Ϊϼ£¹ش󣬳Ǿϡ
ֱ˵޷֣γĻʺ
ʣǵòǽ֮ʼˣǽԽԽʢ
֣ʺһ㶣֪֣˻⡣һ֣ʺЩڵ˵ɵ˻ϳ谮ãɫʢ֮Сϸ룬ƺ仯Щٳкα仯ǾԽԽޡ㵽˵ʲô
˲ɲ֮
ʲô֣ʺǴ󾪣֣ʺЩˣɿϸˣ²ɺ˵ĵܵΪ˰űĻѻ
ɶԻʹáΪס谮Ϊ۾ǶԻʹòɲ֮Ǿʳ߱߱Ĵ
ҲͬĿ⿴֣ⷬ죬Ҳ֣ˡ
Ϻʱ;飬㣬ʱδ룬Ϊǲ͹֮ʡΪǺʱڴ֮ʢԴԴ֮⣬ǳڲΡŻϽֻһˣּü֮ұ̬֮ˣԲдʡֲɲ֮Ǹ֮˲̫Եı仯ǳҽŮֻҲѧҽɱȡ
֣ʺһڡ֣иΪ֣̿빬һ꣬ɻᡢɻᡭĻ˵
֣ҡҡͷʺﲻصģֻ֮飬󰭡ٳҲˡ
硱һһ豭˵ϡ
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ҩ˵ˣЩЪϢɡ
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һ·֮Ŀ˿ͼԼǵ˶ЩšҲ͵ǻʺˣǷһ̱֣ʺ֪
ǰһǰ湬ϾȻһǻڵʲôˡ˴ǳĹٷҲ̫ࡣЩȣʱôгڳ
ǰ˼һЩʧ˳ǰ˲ǱˣġղʿةҲ̫ߵĽ˿һǷگĹҲ˵ԺϷ뿪ʹ
һϲԸһڽҹ뿪µĴ

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ˣˣȷҶûˣСغ
˭һѰ˹ԼһŮӶںڰʵĸĹ𣿶ʲô
΢¶һӣģҡ
Ķô㣿㡢ôĿǰ˲ǹ𣬶Ѿϵ飬Ǵʧɫ漴Ҳʲôˡ
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ҲȥصǸطҲҲҪ裡
˵ǻϵɣǵóҲáʧҲã˹Ͳ뿪ûҵͳںιʣ
ѵôû빬Ҳûó裬ûҪĽжȹûк˭ʺңңΪλҪΪǵͳԼ
ĶЩɲ˵ʥǷݣһġɫء빬һ꣬аĶͱ˵Ϊǡ֮˵ҲǿѨ硣
ϣҿɲҪϣϡ˵ˣһȥҲҪٻȥˡģǸ˵ĵطֻ·һƵĵ˳
Ķ̾һȻ֪󹬵Ŀ£ʱ֪Ҫ빬ҲûеǹڣѾΪϵŮˣǴ֮ټӸԳ·
ȰĶ֪ڹҲпദ빬ɱͷ֮ﰡ塣˵һ·ϲ˷֣ûƻҲ˹šһϳɾ׷ĪˡҵĻǸϿĵػȥҪ˷֡
һסģ֪ڵݳ˹ţԣģ㣬һѣҴţȻȥҽһݶ飬Զ㡢Ҳ뿴ɣ
ĵᣬĵֿʼˣȢؼҺú۰ĶҲ԰ĽӾ͵ڹŸĽӣƾ̫ӵŵһϸ졭ǣһһ
ôܣخĳӣôִ治£ĵսʤС
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Ķҡ֪Լʧˣӿһ˿ǸΡ
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ҹһ¡֪ĸļƻСﳤҲ֪Ƿ˵ġûΪĸ⣬ȻҲûаοģֻǳĬš
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Լĸ̫ӣûҪһܹѡԸҪлϵĺӡ
ΪʲôҪҹҲ֪ϵĶһӸӿɿ
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ǳĬãҹתйԼĸ̫࣬뱾̫һ˻Ƶ·СĲҪ˷֡
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ĳưˣĿһֱƵڡ
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ҲЩ˼ˣǰĹ͢Ϸһѵ£ɽҹһ⣬֪һһߵĸо
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û˵ֻ룺𣿼ʹϺͻʺϷŹԼү𣿡
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ɡĴ˿ƽЩһǵһǣᵽΪ֮ĲУ֮Ĳޡ
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˵öԣԼ̫ˣûгƣӵ˹űкã͢ɲһȺҷͼŵǿնġһȫ߲֮Уɲ񲻻ǻʺˣ׸ô죿
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֮ʱخĿʵȹռ˵۹ĶǶݣڴ˽ӹǰŮ赡Ϊˣ㽫Ů赵һͬŷŮ
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ϣ˵ӰӡӰӡ˵飬֪ʲôȻϼ޻̫ܹܺ
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ĺһɵɵؿӰӣ˵ֱеĳʣŽĻ꾪˻ǰѽϵã˪׷սı˵ҲбаĹЧѽ棬ȻѾɱġ
ĪֻӰֳԭΣ˵ʱסˣ˲ˡ֣˵ŰŮת˹׹ʧˣϵĺӰҲʧˣʣµĻĵӰӡ
ޱ飬˿ȴͻȻǰһصĶĵϣﶼѪζ
ȻҺ޵İޣռСŮʵڹģ֣Ҳ֪кתΪ˵˵϶ռСŮǱˣȻٽˡֻǴӺʱʼҲö֪
ȻѾ˵Σĵһֱһ롪ֻдԽģǸûһۿӰӣҲȫˣ֮Ҳֻ૵ҲǣҲǡ
ѾŭյòˡһŭԼΪһ֮ȻᱻԻʵΪܴ裻ŭԼЩȥɽ𢼸һŭռĶ壬Ǹȴ档
Ӻнӹ˪ľҪ̹ȥȴ֣סˡϢŭǾβ˪Ҳãα˱
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ãһоٴ˲ٰ졣֮ǰЩƵһֻҲ׼ųȥ˽ϵûɢߣ֮˭Ҳ˵ȥΥ֮壡
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Ǹ֣ŷӦԼо
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ҪϣҪٵǰȥһץס°ڡ
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֣ǰѷζѾЩҵŮӣǿղŵĺӰκ˶ֻһǧġŮӡǿϧλռҶС㡣
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ȴЦЦЩΪԸĻϣͼʲôȨƻǲƸҿǾβͨĺЩһȱô
ߣǺǿĻˡ侫Ϊβôῴͨķˣ̴ֻˣΪ֮а˲ġ
Ŀ֣ڿһС󣬡ҲخǿˣԲõˡŮǰҲſ˵ĵطȻŮѾأֺαΪܡ
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Ǵˣһ֪Ų⴫Ĺ֮أղŻȥʱ飬ĵĻǿţֻ֪ϾΪŭģҪеĺһء
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ǵǰĶ˵ĺΪųΪȺҾǲģΪʲôҪּıҵˣʹ֪ûģɼȻǲȥҾȥˡĶȴĻ

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ǵģĶǲͬ඼ĮԶԣֻ˵˵ﻰΪôΪϲĶֻΪиġǣûտĺӡ
Ϊʲô˵һǵԵʣһĺʲôͬףһΪͨҲӦƶ𣬲Сǿ
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ĵһЦеóԡеôеסȻ
̾һǺοࣿ±ĲԣֻǽĽѾǿˡձƵкͽ֮⣬㵽˵Щʲôǵñ´ŭҹʱδɢ
⴩˼࣬ס˫ۣҲסƤཻİߺۡδܹĿࡣ
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Ŷ£þʡԵúܴ󷽣Ļжĵ⡣
ǰԳЩɥ£Ѳϵɡ˵Ϊ֮ɼȻ֣ʺ֮ǰͿʼıʧ֮£ǾͲġ
˴˻⣬ô¶һЦݣ˵һʺȻܴӰǰͿʼıǽһƴ£Ȼı㡢ͬѰʱȻЩЧãһӾܰ˴÷ˣ˼ɧͺŷļƲݺãȴԼǿϧóסƵġ

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㡭ΪʲôΪ֪ΪʲôĽץסϵĲ룬ΪŭЩĲˮ˴롣
ô򱾹𣿡ӣ΢Цؿġ
ǿԼɿ룬Цһıˣôð谮
¶ɫıϺֳΪɡֻʱʵۻᱧСĶ
һһ仰Ҫ͸׻˵вԱУնŮˣԶҲܵõµ氮
һıˣЩ԰ףЩվ˵Ҫµ氮ʲôֻ޴Ů˲ŻֶΪǰôǰ𣿱ˣ²ˣʹֱɣ
ȴЦˣˣһȵġ˵ʵ
뿪ʱָֻ󷽵顣ڻʵŮ˭ܻٻĲʤߡ
ʤԼĿŻӣĳ˷ŭҲǲӦѭ⣬˲ͺӿԻŵþʧ롣Ƿˡ
ܵĥѲҵģǿӸģΪʲôҪʩȺأʤڼҡҲЦǼʵߣԭͬ˵ԭ
ֻһˣ鲢֣ԣҾʤ
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ǲһ磬ܶҲȴ̤ʵġ
ʱ֣δѾѡ֮
ܽǺй¶ȥǻ輧ĵһõַڣҲԸϳˡҲĵˡǣеıһʵ
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ߺûģû˸ڻ졣ȴӲԤеԼߣһӿµıγɡ
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㣡ͻȻſ۾е

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ĪЦһخĹûʾĿŮôܻϳһ̽ȻǸƻŮˡĬûǾ仰
ϵ㣬ǰǰԳȹҵʱľľȻЩɣʱ˽§ڻοǸоܰġ
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ĪЦٻɣŮӾǵĲ״ŵιȥǣҲϳϵ㣬ֻаúܽʱų
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ǡЦλϿǳϧ

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ĽѹԼڴϣһʱ֮侹ΪԼһϲһһ˲پһ⡣ȴϸǵ仹ǴӣǰȴİĴ̽ɫӡ
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ʵĵ´ʣȷʵҪܸԼĺô

ʮ װ

ˣ˲ͬһݰɡ˼Ƭ̣º͵ЦЦȴɵһ¡
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ʵֻ˻ˣǺҲһ
Ҳס
һһҪĶʱͻˡ

ʮһ ֮

ĵһҲΪһ·ϵıƣˣҲΪɱ֮ˣ˯úܳڶʱѾ͡ϴϣԺվһϤӰ
ĪЦˡ
תȴһİݡЩڣЩûмǹɰҲûصֶֿеţüĿһӢˬ֮
΢һ£ȻЦ벻ĪЦ˾ȻôᡣҲͶʮͷػСЩȻϸƤ⣬ҲΪƹ࣬ȥҪϳɡ
ĪЦֻ΢΢˵ͷʮߡ˵⻰Щװϳˡ
ע⵽ܺܰפ˼ʮ˵ӣɵ֣ʵұأȥ𣿡
ҪѾлݣԸ»ͷؾ
˵úͬУһתһ룬λĪЦȻûôսթ书ΪǿҶĹڰ·ֻ¸Ϊס
ȷһ·ϱ˵ѣ¶ĻᶼûУڳǴڷżϼҲǴñúĺɴסաĪЦ˵ĻʵѺ⡣
ĪЦߵЩѽĻûüݳһۣ㱻ֱ͵ݳǽһҵй
йخĹƵȴǺ˰ٱֻӵԺʵֻǻһѡԳЦЦְοԼΪһ˵ˣµĴ㣬ֻҪúƽһʤ
ҲôģԣĸеĺӸüֵԸҪúչĸӣԼͶڸӵĳ֮УǸʧƵخʱԺ
ʵ۵ʢʢ£Ѿ£ڼΪƽ¿ר׼СӽճƷ߻ãȴָ·ĹŮˮ½
ŮС빬˷̻ʵۡɣ߻һ˫֡ˮµİ£һӤ·߷һ˫СЬӡˮһԷһס
ʵ˴ɲۣ²Ѿ˲𣿡ˮʵλ˵ݣɻʵ׿ڷԸһҪú÷̣Դöȶȹ
ĵһЦҵĺӣҵȻҪΪ·ͱ͵ȻͬԼСʱȻѾ˸ĸ￪ŵʱڣСسǺܷ辭Լ򲼸ͽ¡û뵽ԼҲи·һ졣
ˮиȴһֱûʡ⺢ӺͱһϵҲû
ˮ¹һɴֻĹŮͻȻ˽ɫš
˾ţˮüʵͲ󣬵ȴ̹ˣй¶˵㡣ֻһͽȻû˵ķݡ
ǹŮûüڣͻȻһȺŮһ̫࣬һĹ󸾡ʮҵ꣬ò毺ã΢ӯŴΪ
ˮһæ˵ūߵǰܽ뱨ŵĹŮҲϽ£ֻĻϡ
һۣЦⲻˮ𣿱أĴŮܵȥˣԭܵй̱Ĺˡһ˵һת߿ġ
λһݣľͲµصĳλļİֻѾûмˡˮ˵Ϊǻãعɲ࣬зŵֻλλЩֻλһλǹϣǵة֮Ůֶ̫֮һλǵϣǱŮһλԬϣҲλسԶ̷ȵ۵Ԭˡ
Լķվ˸򸣣˵ȴһ֪ˮ¿϶صĸСû뵽ȻصŮصͦԼ
󵨣ΪԼʲôݣ˵ﾹҲ򣿡ŵߵһλŮеƽ֮еǰŮŶûУô˲ʣ
Ӳ㣬ˡĸŵ򸣵ȻΪڼΪخĹѹͲȻⲻƵŮ񡣸¹ɱȨƾʲôҪС¹
ǹŮ˵ʲôŵ˰֣˵ˣŶͦģҪǲС棬ɳе𡣡
ڹŮ̫ķ£ŵҲȴڲ²λ⡣ѵԼʵݱ¶ˣԼδʶҲδ˵ռҺг𣬺αѰƣֻʹüƣڣ
ϰ£Ȼǿ򶨣ŵ˵⡣ŵҲϸ֪ܳŮˡͱСģȴԬļ˻áȵ۵ĳΪҪأ
ŵͣĴĶϣͻȻʲôʱһ֮ӿȫ
صǻǰûɹخԵǻҲûм󣬲ȴ⵽ľܾսûпˣʺλñΪ⳯͢ĶΪԬ楳ƶ̹һ֮ĸ⡢ҡ
̫ة࣬ڶ࣬ݡ̫Ȼĸأ˵ӵݣʹخ֧֣ҲѵϻλżҲбУŵĲפر߹أȨأҲ
㵽خΪʣڹڵĸǳǻʱǿ⡢ҵŮҲ潻һֶΡӭȢԪ칫飬һΪԼΪȡʱ䣬Ϊƺ⡢ҶԺλᡣں󹬲ֲһ˭Ůûӣĸƾӹ
Ϊ˵ֻ⡢ңŵһֱעϣܻʵ۳谮ԬҲϡҹһһֱûл֡ǣĸŮʵйһеŮʱ̱ᵽɤ۶
ҶǼǧСŵһ۾ͿĲƽ֮ŮòãҲԶԶԬ楣Ҫ˵һ֮ĸҲԵúףĿɾҪˡ
Щ뵥λ˵˵ݺ˶°ɡݺŮ˱ǰˮ¡
ˡּˮ뿪շ˰벽ԡˮ¡ŵţƢǹһʵ˵շʲôʧҪˮֻӲͷƤ
ܻɱŵȴˤšţͷĶʻյøʢˡ

ʮ 

˼רµģŵЦţϵıȴǳѿ
ˮ˵ŵĹŮ̫̽˳ȥ̷ʵ۵ĺˣҲȲΪһ֮ĵ
ŵиĵĻɡλһµġԣֻʣŵݺĹŮʱҲȻᵽɤ۶
ŵһ۾˵Ķ񶾣Ȼ˵ȻѾ֪ݣҲӦ֪Ϊζݺ
õŵʾ⣬ݺߵǰһֱŵһӷ򿪺ȡһѣٽҿѵĸӣһŨҩζ˱Ƕ
ҲֻһŮӣֻҪҩ±Ͳƽϡ
һʲôҩ
ݺЦȻǶиõҩ
ҪҵĺӣȻվ˫Ѿʶػס˶ӡԹ޳ΪʲôҪҵĺӣ
ŵһЦ㲻ҪֱĺݣҪ־͹⺢Ĳǵط
ôùʵ۱𣿱²ģʱֻơ
ŵɫһ䣬˵´ûиɣĻӲƽǹҲ鷿ļ¼һɰ봦ڷƣ뻤ҲûãҪͱ̫Ҳֻ·һ
ݺҲˣֲҪϷһ·ң˵ȴ治֮ԣΪסӾͷ𣿡
ˣŵǳģǳĺӶһΪ⺢صĹ⡣æ͵Ūˣ⺢Ӳǡ
û˵꣬ͻš硱һ˴ƿˣݺеҩŵЩ㵹漴㿴һӰݵڵء
ĪЦߵ
ĪЦḺ̌嵽ߡûжһΪԼӲжΪľٶˡֻҪĪЦӰ;ðȫˡ
ԭĪЦˣƽ֪кιɣŵҲһΪĪЦҲ̻ʵ۵ˣôϢˣϾþӸλݺҪ򶨵öࡣ
ĪЦվΪŮ죬ûվ̫ǰ˵ع
ĪЦ˵ЦɡйǻʼҵģΪβԶأ
ĪЦǰ㣬ʾȴǲϢŭּδñּκ˲˴
ŵһ㶣벻ʵ۾ȻɭϣŮ˹Ȼһ㡣ȻߣҵĪЦ淢йĪЦɲͬˣڻʵۻֻһƵĻʱһԣʵخΪʱĻȻֻһͳ죬ʵ۶Զͳţ֮
ԭˡ֪ԵɣǴĪЦˡŵȻӼһЩһݰ
ݺз˼æеĴջغӣⶫɲĪЦ˵˵λֻҳڻʵۣκͼ˺ʵ۵նģͼ˺ʵ۵ĹҲһ뵽ֶЩˡ
ŵݺĲĵĸӰˣŮ˸ϿȥҪټ
ŵͻȻ˵ݺ㻹ЩλҩĪҪ˻ع
Ҳȣû뵽ŵȻϷеĪЦҪҵĺӣ
㲻ҪҪݺҲЩˣôܺ㣿ʹͣϿˣ
ĪЦæǰһ
ĪЦˣĪҲ϶ĺ
ĪЦȻǲ˵ңֻǱּշ˵ʳҩŶר˾죬Ϊһɲá
รҪһҪأ
ĪЦս̧ͷ۾ȴǿݺ˵˵ˣΥּߣնࡣ
ݺҩֻһ£Ȼͷɵؿŵɲ
𣿡ŵЦվߵǰֽӹݺеҩѣ˵ĪЦ˵ҳϣԱ֪ǸǱĪЦ˻ô
ŵ֪ԼðգôܻŭʵֵۣáŮȻֻǻʵһʱ¶ˮԵȻòãȴû빬˵Ԭ楻磬Ůô»ӣʵҪżҵ֧֣ҲֻҪԺ»ӣһжɢ
ǲֹһӡȻзƣɻʵ۵ǻãðսֻҲΪûӵ϶Ҫ̫Ҳˣĸ˵ܸͷòʱɽΣˡ
ĪЦ⻰ҲסˡǷԸһҪúñĵİȫͬʱҲй¶ĸӵݣκͼƵˣȻֻ·һҲ벻һɵ˾Ȼŵ
ĪЦȻضżҵ̬Լŵô룺ڻ벻żң˵ɱ˵ܶҡµĻҵһҪѡֻҲѡɡǡ
ĪЦϵԥĵĶʱˣͻȻһŭΪŵΪĪЦ㻹ʲôɱҵĺ𣿡
ǲʲôᡭĪЦûøôԸЩŮ˱ȶԸɱֻѡ
᣿ĪЦ˲᲻֪Ĺأһ·Ůһ𣿺οҲ·ɱº̫׼ͬվҪ֣ڷɽŵʲôҲ¡ᷴôʹҲܹ
⡭ĪЦ˵طԸй¶ĸӵݣô죿ŵݺһһҽΧڴǰ޴ӡĪЦı
飬ҲȥһסֻҲ뿿ԼŬԼЦһͿиǵĶ𣿵һҪȰ˼УôһôҲûС
ͲˡǹԹ԰ҩ˰ɣñǿ
ˣ⺢Ӳصģ
㡢˵ʲôô󵨣ֱµ䣡ŵǱӵŵǱĵĴ󵨸ŵˡ
벻һ־ͰѲһŵųľúܿЦӾҲݵߣ˵˵ұ޹أðղֵá
˵޹أֺ˴㣿㲻ˣŵ֪˲ܳĹΪҵı¡
ҲǣҵĺҲǡĸҲһȨƵˣұ½ڴˣΪ˽ݲؽΪȦӡԣɱ⺢ӣǻұµĴƣֻ±ɱ⻹ҪΪǲٵõ˵ĹˡΪ֮һӦúϤұµ·ɣôԸƻƵأ
ŵסˡĲǼ٣һжġּʹɱ׹ҲȲƻĴƸŭʵ֪ģŸҶ϶²ΪԼɱĹͺżҷĿŵͻȻһս
ĪЦˣ𣿡
¹ϵشﻹǵȱٶɡĪЦ˵ƣֻϣסŵϢʱҲѾȥ£ôûأ
Ůݺ벻ô࣬Ůֻһ¡뷽跨ʵ۵ĳ谮ΪԼͼøٻ϶˵ǼٻŵЩ㶣æȰ˵Ҫǵȵ˿ɾͲðˡ
ŶΪˣͲðˣ

ʮ ֮ŭ

ĪЦμ¡վſڵĪЦһӦ
£ŵҩȻҲȵعݺԣȴɪɪȴȫѵڴϣҪ¹򣬳˰
ȿĪЦ֮ǰγһĵѾ˻ȥͷϻóһϸټĪЦʧʱ򣬾ȻԼѾⶼ֪
صǺЦɡҪھ㹬ĵ磬̫ޣޱԹ˵Ҳ㣬ԭܵйˡ
ŵݺĲվԼлһҩЩţѵЦ˵סһλãƣ˵㲹ҩʵ۵ϲǼٵģڷҲûֱ档
ŵҩظݺӳһֵ¯ӡݺææ뽫ҩȴΪ̫ţҩɢ룬ŵȹϡ
ū澡ݺЩ֪ؿŵ
ʲô㶣ʰŵյһѡݺҽгͷæʰ
ȻЦţ۾ɨġı˵ŮģǿƺʲôҲûпı飬ͻȻףôܲ﷢һУֻһҪͷΪ
ʲôҲû˵ƲȥڴƽϢΪŶֲʡ
ϢͨЦſŵ۾ȴûһȶȡ
ŵһҲ׽շʵۣһᣬڵأ˵£Ҫ
գգۣҪ£ȻҪ޾Щ˵ȶȥɡĪЦݺȥ·
ĪЦӦһݺȥˡڴһҲûпڷƵġֻʣˣȴȻܡʵ۵ɺĵ侲ŵӾִ١
һۣһ꾫Ȼ˵£֪´Щɳ檼ʥͲڵķڲ˰˵δӣ̫֪˴£ֻλסˡûᣬлġ
ĺ޲һڼ̥ⲻҪʲôһԣصıݡ
ȴЦһЦˣշ˶ﻳĲ޵Ĺ⣬̫֪кο£
ǣôܣŵǲš
Ǻǣǲޣ
檡ҲţŵɻҲֱ˵ĵֻܻعʸס
ˣ̫ҽ˵շڵӲ˾ţǻǻعɣҲ̫͹õˡ֣ŵʱԼС
ԺŵԼЩһˣܰÿ¡ЩūŶܵȥˣ
ǺǣôˣǸһĹߵһûдЩūŶܵȥˣֻԼ֪ؽĶ䣬ôᡣ
ŵԵؿʱĪЦˣֻһ˻մһ°ɫ°ڴմȾϵԵաŵͻȻˣ˫һ̱ڵء
£ôΪ밡ȻҲЩʣɾΪԼˣʵ۾ǻʵۣʲôɱأ
Ϊˣؼװȡ
£һ˵йһƯŮˣУʱͶʻգҲͿˣΪŮ˲ҪˡɳҲΪϲ²ŻŵһţʵҲˡ
˵ûţ޲Ҳûй㣬֪ҲΪ̫޲ŻҲ룬ôһͼŮ޻ӵĸЦһ˵ĿദԼѾܹˡ
ŵ֪ʵ˵ʲôΪԼĸ΢ԸųΪҲСܾ꣬͵خΪʣǿֺʧӵ̫ŵԻعǻ˿Ů˵ĲǼٻǺӲǻʵ۵Ĺ⡣ĵǶġ
ԭǺ治ǱµġΪݺҲֻǻУ³ίԲ⣬ݺĸʧȥһҳϵĸʧȥһ۰
ؿڿһµĺӣҲǨŭ֪˲֪£Ҳûˡ
֪£˵ŵͻȻص۾һ˿⣬һţ˫ˣʲô֪֪
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ŵ˵ֻǻҵصͷ¶˾ͻûʵɱġῪʼۿתϾҪˡ
ȴЦˣְһһ˵ǻعҪȥĵ磬ɲܰ޻ˣҪȻ̫͹޵ġ
ŵʱһۣһò׼ʵ۵ҪӺݾسͷղŷ֣ʵҪͷһʱҲЦúᡣ
¡ĴˡϴӦǶԵġ
ذ§ڻοˣԺҪС˲ԣ޴Ӧ˵Ի˼ЩϣҪǹˣ޿ɾû취ˡ
⻰ԼƫŵҲ֪ʵ۲󣬲ٷһʺϲ̧ͷİٱ˵·ģһΪһܸɵĻӡַ紵Ҫµֻûˡ
Цְ§ػ˵šȴ룬ҪŮĻʺĺݶŲ̫꣬Щ³çȴǿʤһ֮ĸ
תһ룬Ĳй֮·ǳأĴ̽ǲ֪ܵġ飬СĽֻ²¡ôǺǣǶڱ
ȷʲô֪㵱ȻҲܸ߱﷢˺¡
ŵæͷ檶˭˵״˶˵ʵܺ棬ǺӲǻʵ۵ֻ˭ģûʵ˶ԴӦò࣬ĪЦϵЩԶ֪á
ȴЦˣΪѣǳس²޻ġ¼ȻѾȥˣԸšҵˣΪԼеخƵطǵļƻʧˣҲʱˡ
ĸ֪ºҲǶǡôصϢôͻᴫŵĶĺ֮ôһڷƣҲһ²׵خһսżҵ֣ȫʸ֮ģֳʲôͷϷŹ
黳Ȿҵݺϧͨ籨ŵݺѾˣûа취֪ࡣֻܸŮҪǸϽ»ӣĸƾӹżıϡ
ôһѵŵ˺öࡣŮ˻ĺʵ޹أҲ޹ˡֻŻʵܶޣӿɲһ˾ġ

ʮ ܰ

ЩĲ֪شŵȥһڴϣ·𻹲֪ԼѾˣֱˮϲ˽
ˣûˡҺĪЦȥ£һž͸ˡ
ĻûжˮΪûдӾлҲЩ߽ǰ̾ҲԹ£ĸֶǳеسҲáģб»Ժ󲻻ٷˡ
𣿡˵һ仰ȴ¶ζ
ˮûĵ˼˷ܵ˵һҲܹѵˣЩūŶ¸ѹȻһĨӵƣȻЩ˵ߣǵҲӲ³
ڶˣʵǲףΪʲôЩ˿׵ؾ˵
ĺܿ챻һ֮ǻʼйһͨ˼ҡʼܵ˾ţ̥ûþˡ
ҽȻִܸȣ־ҵʹĲԼҪȥĸоǻҲһܽ׳к
ʢ꣬Ҳخʮ꣬خӳˡ
ĽŵӤǰʱԼҲ̲סӯһԷĵȫĵȥˣԺҲȫĵذɡ
ؽӵϢֻĸһЩƷûơҲΪԸخһöʤӣخԱȣڻǿúء
ĳخΪעĿģûٹٵĳأҲû󸸻ʵʹֻͣĸ׺һŮӭĵҲõİҪЩֳ񡢵
˺֮ĵʼæµʵȴ˱ĽʵҲȴ˲ֹ۵δӽ᳤ʲôˣضԼƤԼҪؽִ֪ʶ̸
ϰףҪȵŻȡʽ֣֮ǰƺΪźҪ˼䡣ĲЩĺӽٵϾѾһˣӦӵԼ֡
Ĵһţ֪йʷϵܳҾǼաȻܳʷǺֻǵáһһɽʲôͲǵˡ
ǡϰĵڶ죬ʷϵҵִһɽ칫ңȻ̸йʷڼᵽǸйʷɫʵľǸԦ˿۳Ҿأĸ͵
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һ߲Ъس̣һ߻ӵļЦС軹ܲô޵ôָоʵһ̣ĲپԼֻʮ꣬ҲǶʮһ꣬һŮˣһŮˡ
һӰסǰĲ⡣û̧ͷֻˮ£СǶˣҧҶЩʹˡ
šشһȻˮµ
һæ̧ͷվǰ˲ˮ£ǺþòأظΪι̵Եʣǰ½ȫģصĿȻǳΣæֽ½𣬲ס
ݡ£ôˣȺݣֻѾԽԽͶŴŮӵĽɫˡ
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ΪͻȻ˳̵Ȥһ߿ţһĸ׻ﲻӵ趯С֫ŲܶŵʲôµĹ
ô֣֪ûгԱȻҲۣؾڶȻʲô֮٣ô˼ǰ̻¶顣
ôˣϲضԼĿָȤ
ֻǶˡ룬ʵҲࡣ
Ϊβιʵ
ҡһʱᡣ⻰õ˵ĸ˻רȥ˼ҵŮιӣһ˵ܻܲرһ¡
ȴЦʲô˯Ů˱ûࡣ
ĵˣյصһۣ룺һŮǲ࣬һĲ˯ùô
صĿõ˼һĿŪЩ꣬־زд⣬ҧҧ½ҵʳԴֹͣޣʱֻżӤʳ֭
ĵҲȥصͼר־ؿͷɵļԼԤУܰʱǲ᳤ˡ
ΪʲôĸͻȻʵ
Ϊҵĺӣ
񣿡ز̫ʣĻļ֡Ĭһ˵޵ĸҲԲޣǲĸΪûšˮҲ࣬۽СʺҲڵ̫֪ˣĸ޿Ҳˡ
һֱԼҪص·Ȥﻹ̲סʵô֪ʱֲ¡
ǺǣȻ޵ĸ޵ġ˵ԲޣûһӦĸȻҪ޳֮ʱ˵𡭡ص۾ǿģȴЩɢ
нյĳɾͣĸ֪һοġĵһӵĸײס
֪صĸֻһŮȻΪ˻ӱΪˣɵλȴƵĹŮ̫඼磬خΪʱͱȥˣǰ󶼲Ȼصǻ㽫׷Ϊ̫󣬵ܸһһԲľ𣿺οĶӻҪһȨλصŮ˽һĸ󡱡
Ǻǣǰ֪ĻЦˣЦЩɣЩȻȥˡ

ʮ ֮

Դ֮һ̬̽ĸӡ󲿷ʱ䶼ֻĬһԣչ˶ӡҲò׼λ۾ڽ˻Լͯ꣬ǰ⵱һִͼֻܰʲͼʹԼȴصĴڡʱ䳤ˣ޶ˡ
һæ£ȥġհѽǰ̵ǰ̫йѾֺõЦҪūȥš
һ֡һĵԼƺ̫ƵȻѾšĵݣȥ̫ڿˣֻ»ǻ˺˼롣Ǳ˵޻û֪ˣĪģ
̫ƨϣ̾ͻˣϾǸˣӦæڵأָԼǶ⣬ͬʱ˵ūŸʥ⡣
ػɫЦǲ´˶ѣõ𣿡
̫æЦ˵¿һۣǸЪЪˡ
ص˵ͷ룬˵ȥɡ
ĺֻһλ楣ǱԷǳֶζԬ楡ȵ谮һˣӣȵۼݱѳᣬȴòؿУǿΪΪ楡خ֣ݺĵġʧ˵Ϊǿռרŵġ
Ϊ˰šңͬʱҲΪ˾ãҹضšޣбɡšȻòҲһղһׯܾȤڹǰɫԬ
ˣԬ̺Ĺ˵ԼҪһ㡣ʵǵȫ˵ϣ̷ɵó裬ڹ˵о˵λ̷ɲó裬Ҳֻ۸ˡ
صȻ֪Щ֪Ԭ楲̽εεӭֻǵЦţӹϵĲ裬Ԭ楷Ƣ
ߣǲߴطˣȲǾ㹬ҲԬ楹Ȼ˪˳ͻʵ˵Ҳֻ
Ϊʵ۴ԬڲͬߵĹڻʵǰҲҪЩЦűˣյа񱭿춼ó͵Ÿ·ء
ؿ˿еĲ豭һ޹ⱭƯԺÿεԬĶֻӡ
Ԭȴ˵ֲֻǱרãҾͲȲ𣿡ҲڻʵǰԳơҡˡ
شʱӦ߹ȥ§˵ЩĻ˵ԼЩûҲпԵģǲȻԬ楱ư͵ΪΪ
ɲ֪ΪʲôͻȻЩˡ
ǿռΪԼɫ֮ҲΪڣ˵ʹʧԬҲ벻ˡһ̬ӡӹ޵ѹʵһӢĲĵɵӲŻǰӽٻ
Ԭ極˪һΪԼӡ̹һΪصݣŮ˶һζζڣԬ極ҲЩζˡ
Ԭ楶ľֻܾΪ˹ȫԼӣʵܾأһ㣬˶Ҳ֮׷ƾܱúϷһ㡣ͬһϷݵþˣʼջġ
ĬĬؿеİ񱭣Ө͸ıھȻĵļǸŮ˸Ԭ෴뿪خʹ֮˾ԴˣֻӣûзءǣȴܸоһֱȼŲʺͲӵĻ档
˪Ԭ楴ûһǸų˳ӵȴû
ʵûԤежԬЩƣĽֻܵȴ
վƽ˵޻£㡣ȻҲεĿɿڴתȥˡ
¡ԶȥӰԬ楲ź֪һ
ū˵ڱǰЩáĹ𲻽ԹĵҲϲտŮ˵οһ֮
Ԭȴãȫ޹ϵǻʵеżϲʱãϲʱǲá˵Ůƺ룬֮Ĳƺ롣
վߵظղĵطֻĽյа񱭣ݺݵ˵ϣ۹
صʱż˯ûˮ½ֱ߽ߵߣɴʡ
ĵӱȷ񱭻ҪӨ͸û˳;еȻͻ֣̿һֳΪĸ񾲺Ͱ֣˿˸Ŀصƶذ׵ԼɼɫĨأ¶סˣȴĲʱ龰ͻȻһȡ
ᱧһֱ͵⣬ݸĪЦ
ȥû޵Ļ׼κ˽˵
¡ĪЦ³ʲôԥӦ˵ЩʲôоĶĻ˵ȡ
üĪЦ¡
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ػصڣĻûѣϻ񾲵ı顣ذַŵϣḧһεĴΪһǶ⣬һݵߣδܵ۵ļ
ĸоϵĲʣ΢˶ͣһḧָʱĲ֪ǲǸպ˸ΣǴȻ¶һϸϸ΢Ц
زЦμʲôˣǲμĸӽӻعȥˡˣһӳ϶ٻȥˡһμӳȥ˰ɣӵҲĵطһǣһ˵ɵѾͷӲġ
˯ʱû˯ôصĶ΢Щľͱˡûʶʲô£ϱһѹסˣؽ˾״̬ ȥңеſң㡭ʲô
ûмǿֽԼ΢΢ԣ˴˶Կ塣ľȵؿòϤģȴİģҲӦ˵ҲϤģֻǵһ˫۾￴
롭ݡ£Ǹʲôδһߴһʵ
صĺҲأԤʾѹʲôյøһЩ촽ʱĵ٣Ȼ˵˵Ҫʲô
ΪޡΪĸȻ֪ҪʲôֻһΣǿЦǲǺˡ
ذѹøͣҪĳ׵ؽʵоζ𣿡ֻŨŨġζ

ʮ ֮

ͻȻһƣصĽعű䱸ؿءûٽ˵Цֱڴͬؿ
ĵ΢һȻǿЦڸЦɡһ˵һתͷԱߣȴʲôҲûпͻȻһеأҵĺأץŵıҲˡ
Ỻ˵üֻǽ˰ȥˡЩСӿ˿ɲá
Ҫȥ˵žҪ´ĵĲػôػĺô
סúܽû뿪
ʲô׼ҵĺӣ
Ȼѹڴϣ˵ģ޲ôڿĴ롣Ҫܺú÷ޣһòֵǲ
ˣұϾخŮˣΪҵ裿ĽصĻѳôһǿ׳ӵĶֻ֣ðŻ
ȴЦˣ޿ɲΪ㻹ԼŮˣڷ㣬Ҳ϶ٻخˡԣ㵹ޣʹʱ֣ٻúúõġصѾԽԽͳˡ
ֹͣڿصĵϣΪһ֮ؾҪɱҲû˸οǡǵ»Ƿɶ޷Լ
׷޷ֻ֮ö֮顣˵£Ϊһ֮ʲô˻òǲлֻ͡ŹҰɡ
޾ûõˣٺ٣޵ж㻹֪𣿡һ˵ţһĵ½ֻŴǿ飬ͽòʰ
ôóѣһֻס½һֻȥקص֡ػˣһ߼Ӵס壬һ˵ģڵĴȻһʱɱĶӣɳ֮⣬ǻܶܶ¡
ĶڵѪҺƺ˲侲ֹˡĵɫʯһĹ󣬶һƬɫ㲻˺㣡
һʹĵ½ڱˣĨصϵҲˣ¶ѩ׵šָ۵ļŰţ¶һ˿аЦݣɵѾͷڻ磬һٺú޾ˣһӦġ
ĵ˫ճ˺ΣΪػеİʾߣΪòַȼճĻ档ۣеĶǲȥһΪ˺ӣֻܡ
ҲΪһʼľܾأĶЩ³ܾûоڰ;л˹ȥ뿪ʱ龳Ǽǵõġ
Ǹɶһ߸壬һҧĶ˵޻ΪֻӳúЩȴԭҲôǺǣ治֪ôģޣʹйϵҲɱġ
Ŀɲᱻ򶯡غͼڱͬһˣشڼϣ֪ԼĴڲͳΣһɱ
뿪ĻǱԭڴһĵ嶼ƣһƬǣȲղŵĲҲȥδӦԡһ̣ϣԼȥ»زԭ硣
ˮ߽ԥһеˣˣ
š
ˮ˿˵˰ˮ˽̺ԡ¡
š
һ֣û˵ġˮҲֻ̾˿Ȼȥš
һðԡͰ̧˽뿪ˮ»߽ǰ˵ԡɡ
ȥɣԼ˵һɵĻֻЩ˻ơ
ǣˡˮû˵ȥʹɴʣҲܸܵĳ䱸ѹֵ̾˿˵ǡ£ܽҡ
ˮҲ뿪ĲʣǵԡͰҿԼϵǱÿһʹʲô
ˮϵĲʵõ˻ͣ۱ܵڣˮҲ̲סˡͷ˫ֽץסǰͰߣָؽڶЩӲˣǻ߷תΪʣ͵ֻԼü
ɯʿǵϷһԣߣֽŮˡ𣿾ΪһŮˣһòȨƵŮˣעҪӸλ裬˻лŮش
ԭÿһڽ̶ƱΪʲô磬ȴΪԸһŮ˶ܵƲã
ҪҪЭټȥܵʲô˺Щ˺ܳܵ𣿻᲻۵Ӧخܳ谮ĻӣǴӳΪ˵Ľ
Ͱߵ˫ץøˣҪľͰһ
ܷЭЭܵͿѻΪУǳΪԶĥӡֻмֵףʧܶգܶԵһСʹǲģȻǸɾġ
Ǿ仰ܾ⣬ġ
⴫Ų̧ͷǰδе˵Ҳ˵˲Ҫ˷𣿡Ըκ˿ڵģ
ˣˮµСүˡ
ˣҲǲʱ䣬ûڿֲݡ
˲ᣬ˵֪ˣϾ
ûʱ䰧ԼĲҡǸߣδµļҪҳ֮û˻ᱣΪ˺ӣԼǸǿߡ
ҲɯʿǴģŮ˲ȫߣ˵Զߡ
ıΪػɳϵǣһûм֪Ҫ²ΪѾûȤˡΪߣȨΪصˣôŮ˵أ
ոշûãرˡֵĸоȴûһʼԹԵ˳ӡٶιԿЦ
һ뿪ͽĲԡõˮһҩˮҩˮɫε˵ˣ֣Ҳ֪ʹĹأûֵŮǲܡ
Цˣѹһ²ԭϴûдʩ᲻СϣĿˮѹȻûˡ
ҩͿ϶ỳ𣿡
ǣҲҪģҲԺ󡭡ˮµ˼ǣȵʵȨҲͿԸһ֣ʱΪʵۻˡ
ģֻᵣҩҩЧãֻᵣүһҪһЦ
ӹҩ룬һͷԥؽԵĿҩһںꡣ

ʮ ֮ʹ

òƵҲȵһᣬֻ˾ߵķʽľԼһҲãȨΪصĵӦòһŮ˵ġ̰̫á
ͻȻıʸĴǶԼȫǡ֮Ǿü߷ΧڣҹҲһǸ˯һ𣬾֪ԼأôǻﰲЩ
һʱĻ󣬺еĲɲĵϵõ֡ʱͭΪԼҲðݵ뷨ҪҪʹúĻأ³
תһ룬屾ܵĲɲˣҲԣΪ֮п˵ĻɡҲŷŮҲ٣ֱϳݣֻ»ؾԼͼͻᱻ
ңڵΣȻĵˣȴҲõıߣԼûȫ֮ǰҲֻΪµĴԣֻͣҲԵúܿɱɺźӲϣ
һת۱㵽£Ķخö࣬Ⲣ˯þΪȵ̿ϸźıӣԱ߻ĸСĺǻǲҹģʱȥǣǶĸӵʱ̡
ֻпż˯ĵŻůĸоѹǣһ˿͸ϣĽв֪Ĵ棬ȴҲԼΣ¼סˣǰĶҲġ
һʧغûУΪԼѾˡڣѾôˡذѼ§ڻС˵費ڣ½裬Ҳڡ
ʱ߽ӣŴ˹ЩȣȻֻһ˻Ǹ㹻أδⴳѵǷʲô£
ˮ£ôСʵ
ûлشֱ˴ʣһյ΢ĵƹ⡣
㣿㲻Ӧáڹôǰվŵ˾ȻأҹأĸΪȡ
ػû˵ֻǻ˻֣ˮǰ˯еļ뿪󣬷һƬڰڰﴫ·ص⡣ǾЩ֣ҹЩͬ
صѹʱŵһɾζˣԴӺ߳ܵĹϵ˽Ҳˡ
ٷϻûмƽĶĲһ˿֪Ӻζŭ
ͺ͵һһĵ·Ǳ˺ģûͷȴͬ³ĶԴЩͬһεĴ³Ƕʶ̧ٵĳͷһεĴ³ȴΪ˷йһδķй
ڵʹֽ֯һ𣬳ĵĴԣûа취˼صı仯Ϊʲôֻһͷһ̾͹ȥˣһ̾͹ȥˡ
ʧǣһҹƽʱΪʢºҲû뿪һֱʱһֳֻסͷضһҹĳ۳ңԵЩƣûܵƾӰ죬ŵġ
ص΢ЩЩ£̲סʵڸ𣿡
һΣ΢΢һ䣬Ȼ˻Ƶ˵룬üҹģôٺ٣һǰˣȴѹϲŮΪΪ
ƵĻǰҲ˵خΪڼ䣬ûܼѹƣҲܾڵЩһͻȻһһ㡣
ƽĿ˵һʧġֻһʧ˳ŮˣɵķŶûˣûˣΪΪҵѹ
𣿡۾֪û¹ּ⡣ʧ֮ȻֻǱУеҲûֹͣļҲû̫ܵӰ졣ԱŮҲ𣿡
Լ˵ôֻǰӡܲھΪ꣬ΪǸְɡɵĲȥµĲһ֮ûŮ˿Գ谮𣿡
سĬһЦһμʱ㻹ֻһΪĳ谮ĻϲСȴ޴벻ȴ
ĿЦѣľôЩֻ·һ
ô£ѵخսʧˣصĻ²ŭǳǳż£Ǩŭڼô죿
ǺǣΪΪ򲻹ĥ㣿ͻȻЦˣȻһ˴ϣǳսǰͽˣߣ
طȻΪخ˻Ļᣬ͵߾ĲͼһطǡخڵͻȻˣսҲΪ˵ҶƽϢȫǿķأټǰߴñʧصļƻˡ
ٻ˵ΪضŮϲŮƫ̻خĽ룬ŮϾܻĻҪӸʲôϲķǼǺϳǮǮҲܻЩƮϡ
ǵΪʲô£Ķص²ûȤֻǵĸӻʲôӰ졣
̾˿޺˵ƣΪļա
һû֣ȻһŮ˵֣ӦϲŮ˰ɡ˿ȻһʶġѾȥŮˣҹؾֻǵķйѡ
㱼䣬ҹƺҲĶȻ̾ԳЦЦʱ˵ĻŵģѵΪԼƯµ˾ͶҪԼ
㲻˭𣿡ĵĳĬطˡ
һ޹صˣʲôܻǲ֪ĺãοȷ޹ء
ȴͻȻˣȻѹסŭ˵˭˵޹أ
ıһ㶵ؿ
خΪʱĹҲ޵ĵһŮˡָĵգûƯҲûȴǳĸΨһȫȫ޺õˡĸһֻῴΣһȴܸеɺͿ֡
ˣصĳˣ󲿷˶ԼĳúãʹѾģʶ龰ǻúá
һǸùԤУλǷʲôõ£ʲôϵȱͬģڵĴûжͬĸһѾȥˡ
ǵģǸùصɫÿЩɺܿ죬ɫֱÿôõĹȴǸ쵰ˣ

ʮ Ϊ

֪޺ĹϵȻҪް͸ɲǿƯŮ˶ǣΪޣؽץסĵļҲǷ˵ô죿ʱֻһ־ӣʹ֪⣬ô죡
ΪʹþˣѾһϵôܵס̲ס˳سţѾµĻС
޵ΪѣްͳȥʹҪȴҲֻЦ͸ֻü޵ĳŻ޻عȡλʱ޾Ϳ԰Ҫ벻ǸɵѾͷȴöԲޣûþԾˣخ˾͵Ƶˣﶼ֪صģͨ죬ЦֻҲ벻гһϲŮҲ޵Ҳ޵»ֻϧٻˡ
˲źá
˵ʲôصĻ䱻ˣͨġ
˵ģòİ޹أ˵ҲֻŭءǣΪ˶ʹأ̲סĵӶ̲סҪαߡ
˵ѡ·ȷġ
Ӧûţȥ𡭡
ľȻҲЦʲôɣһƶò̷ͨŮˣܷʲô˻ǲˣǧĻʺ󣬻ҪδĻʵۡ
ǡǵȻܡɾԲˣñȻʧףΪޣѵ᲻𣿡
ЦҲǸͷľΪٻͿԲ𣿡
ЩãȻؿʵΪ޻
˵˲źáˣﻹԶиŮΪţܵõʲôأ󹬼ͨһ˶ѣ˵ò˶þͻᱻˣԼôĶ֪ȫһŮŵ³
˵޲
㲻ᣬ㵱ȻᡣҪǺͼƴҲͳȥʧ㣬ΪҵòΪ˱꼧һУϱҶ߲ͣлҲĶ̫Цˣ̫ЦˣЦˣЦЦˣЦðĺ
סڣ
һǶصشĵϡЦˣȴҲŭǺƽؿء˵ûӦסˣ˵ȥֻ±˶ҪΪˡ
̫ˣʧҪҹĺӵİȫʹ滷ΪӵִᣬҲûоôĴۺѹٳȥ᲻ķˣѡ
סգظղһƿһûʡζԭһĿԴѪ
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ôءصŭЩڣϾĸϡԼҲֽѣǺأԼúûȥ
ôأǸһ֮ں취ֺԼʲôֺأ
ģȻȥֺһոһǶˣ̲סЦ沿Ĳһʹղһƿ϶òˡ
ģ˵Ҳ˵ˣҲˣԼȻƿصǻҲӦطյ£Լ͵űкˣαѰա˵ʵղһټˬ죬û뵽ԼĿڲšЦˡ
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ˣôģڹֻй͵ޣﶼѵüһ档ɱϾȻˣǶĸҪץסˣ˵˶þܽȻְѱ¿ˣҪĲô찡
ô죿衣ķѾ˵ҩ룬˲졣
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תͷ˵ˮ£ǽѻ˵ɡʵҲӦÿˣǱұץģϴҲǱȵģԸġȻұµŭҵĲԣԺһСġǣҲҪָһΪ˲һֶֺұ£ָһᰮԹ޻ڵظصұߣָңָԼ
ˮµɫ̱ˣԵЩ԰סĽı£Ȳ߿ʼֻһԸԶĸ¡Ҳ֪ڱֻһū澣ٺãҲֻһεū澡
ԡʱϲ˴ţˮ¾ˡˮʧִ뿪ˡ
û˵ʲôںˮ£ΪˮȵΪԼĽأ϶µŮ˶ӦĽأؽɡ̤ϵŮˡ
ߣҿɲŰϷС˵ֻԼ׵Ļ
ǰ֮ľһŰΪĹ¡ǿǿаŰŮΪ֣ŮʧŮȻŰȴԹ޻ڣҲŮӻͷں޲ѡӺ͹Ҹ
Ҳ˿ԣ֮ǲܵģ
ΪһˣҪ֤棬Ҫ֤ϵ棬ôܻᰮһ̤ϵˣͬعȥڵΪζԭضһСû˿κƿһ˵ˡΪԼͯĲҾǿаһӵҸΪԼ˵ĲҾǿм̤һŮ˵ϡ
ػᰮһȨƵλصˣôİһйʧɣʹΣֻҪбҪԥİŮˣҲʹԥΪԼ
ʱ˿̣ķǳԼ⣬ҪĿɲǼĻת⣬صңҪľ˵ƿأԼĶýš
ûмŰԼûڵˮУǹűӣӭźվڴǰŸ߸ߵա
Ͽɹ󣬰۸ߡΪɹˣ߽Կסԭģġ

ʮ ստ

ĲûеضоʵϣغˣһնûдκϢصŮˣͽ䣬ɼȻصͽҡ
Ȼ˼صעϣȫ˶ӵϡȻ֪ᷢЩʲôһֱϵظԼĶһܽɳһȫӵԼ
һ죬滹Щ䣬ıżǰļ䣬˴һСĶͯרΣ棬ֻСְСĵžž졣һС׺ںһ㡣
ԣٳһڣܳø߸׳׳
Ҳ֪ܲĻӵݵǰʱſ죬ԹԵذĶԸɾ
һ᳤úܽʵο뵽Ǻܿ죬ְлۿ
ˣĪЦˡˮ߽˵
ĪЦɡ
ǡˮûж˵һ־ͳȥˡԴ֮ĵĹϵ䵭бҪ˵һ仰
Ķˮµ̬ûκαԹҲȥֲˮصʵĸģദԶһЩлıѣһξ͹ˡ
ĸĪЦĵʵıʷӵȻӦˣֻ֪ĪЦǺϢǻϢ
շˡĪЦһĳȡ룺˲Ҳʹ߲飬ɱңֻҲ⸱ģ
ţȴĪЦڶͯҽеļϾȻһ˿΢ЦҲɵһ㶡
ĪЦкιɣĲûͣ¸ιʳĶʳҲͲٳĪЦ۽ˡ
²͵㶫
̧ͷĪЦһ̾ľϻ
ҵģ
ǡ
ʲô
⡭û˵˴򿪿֪ˡ
վе룬ӹֻľϻǲ˷ѾͷлģһȻһֻɫʻӯӯΡخóʱҲƷ֪ⲻǷ
°ⶫңǺ˼ԱľˮߣΪССУӵٶıҲȻ
ûж˵ĪЦҲҼӲ²⡣ĪЦɫһʵҲЩȣĵݣ˾١
İǴ̵ɫѩ׵ļǳÿﰵЦŮΣܶʲôĿĶΪֺáѵػˣϧ
һɣ׹ȥ
СģĪЦֿ죬һץסڰյȷϺ˺󣬲˿ݻظģ˵Ǳ֮˻ǡСЩáʵôῴǹⲻСġ
ұ¼Ȼⶫ͸ˣǾҵĶȻҵĶôþôáĵ˵ƺڿһƻƻ
ĪЦһϸģƽ£̲ĲʺͷŭȻĲʺͷŭԺδı£ĹҪĶôܻòأҪòҲֻᱻ
㡭ֺοˣ¿϶ʾǼ¡ĪЦ˵̫ףǻʵ۵֮²ܹʡ
ÿ㶼棿ʵ
ǡǻʵвǲһ뿪ġ
Щʲô㶼֪
⡭ĪЦĵ˫ۣȻɵһ飬ʹǿмʱҲûйĸо
ôӦö¸еңǰһƽĪЦĸûĪЦߣĸû࣬ȴһǿѹĪЦ̧ͷ
ҡǡǿǱ¡˭ָűµĳҡ
ǱôˣǱ¾ͿΪΪǱ¾ͿŮ𣿾ΪǱ£ҾӦñ裬Ҫͷлллƾʲôƾʲô
̲ƽµĲʺͷŭҲ̲زסˣͨ죬һƿڴһ߻˫ִĪЦֻĪЦʵϣһּѵĸо
ĵͻȻĪЦƬֻ̣ôƬ̣Ѿ˺üȭϾǾʿĴҪѡֻҪһƣܽǽСƵڵأٴЩ¾ܽˡ
ֻ΢΢ַ̧̧ˡŮΪľٶˣ֮⣬ʲôأةࡢϺ궼ҪڱǰһźӵŮܷ
йһΰɣõȻСɶ˵ʲôѥɦѡ
ֻúõĻţûҪʲôٻҪʲôȨƵλҲûҪʲôˣֻúõĻţΪʲôƫƫҪЩΪʲô
ĪЦ쵰ңȴ͵ĥңȴվڷڡ쵰Ҹʲô֪ˣ㻹ɱңɱң
Ѿ޵Щ˼άˣ˵ĪЦκ»òס
ʹþԽܵķԽ󣬽أʹҲȭϵȴԽԽ࣬˵Ǻϣйš
ʵĵʹĪЦȫ⣬ڵĴģֻҪ˳˱µ⣬ĸǿԱסģԹðЩԽԽ͵ĳȴǣģˮʪ͸ѣҲ·š
һ̣һͷҪôٿ
һǼĸͻȻʧıҲˣȻְſˡֻ֮ǰ˶ڸԵ˼УȻûע⵽
շˣүŻˡĪЦͻȻЩ£ļĿˮˮ¿ڵΡȻǻʵ۵ɣҲǻʵ۵Ů˰
ĵǽָˣҲص֫Ѹٵ뿪ĪЦţƴӲĨȥеĺۼЩһӶ޷Ĩȥˡ
ĪЦȴûȥ˿ģֿ˿Ȼ˵Щ¶ԲףҲǲܳܡϾ㻹ţ㻹аүΪΪԼ̰ɡ
ΪЧұµһӣﲻֻȰҪɵ¡
ķ̧֣𻹴۵˿һεĪЦֿ˿ͬˮļǿĺѾ޵ˣȴûеõĸ׵İҧָšҲ˼ңȥο
ĪЦ߹ȥѼ§סĲӣСĻ
ıŻˡȴȥߣ㡭ʰһ°ɡĪЦˮ¿ĵǱᴫʵ۵Ķ
ص˵ͷҪʰһ£ֹţ顢뷨úһ룬Ժô졣

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ĪЦż뿪ӣ̹ڵϣȻȼŵ̿Ҳĵĺ䣬һƬհף˺ܾòʶ֡
ֻ߬һһܻƣпԼٲ
˵ȻõɡǼʹûĪЦҲڵѰ·򲻵ѣҲΪɶοм
̡
Ůӵ׳Ȼɹ󣬵Ϊʧȥ׾ʧȥȨΪԼͺӵսʲôǿԵģûָԵԼľͺá
İʳָڱڲͣػȦ
ͲҪԼһҪССȦҲĸδԼصϣĳ谮ֽ
ڵĲǸոմѵǣΪƾһ֮ӳһ֮ΧҪǻᡣܻţҲܼҪĵȴŮֻ׼ˡ
Ĳûһ֮ƣľȴԽԽᶨ㱵ҲԽԽԺ󻹻ᾭЩʲô߸ϵҲֹ
һսʤħļѣվʱ֫ڷƬ̵Ŀհףֱ⴫ӻЦֻصʵ
ǼղǺӱԼŵô޵Σһʹæ߳ȥ
Ժﲻ֪ʱһǧǧϣĪЦƶЦͣѾ˸ղܵľš
ˮ¾վڲԶţƺҲһ˿Цݣһĳˣָ̻˱ݡ
߽ǧϵЦݾ̫һ㣬һ˿䡣
ǧģʵ
šǿĵɻĪЦ˵ȥخΪʱʮ꣬Ҳʮ꣬СܣֻӸǧˣ
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ĪЦ΢Цţ·ֻصһοֵӣʱȱľʱ;һоڶڶо´ǲġ
ʮΪū˻ΪʣʱҲԼںö٣Ҳೣ͵ĶŻڰɣѹֲᳰЦ١
ҲһɣĪЦǸ׷ˣҲͱط˰ɡ
ĪЦɿؿһۣΪ˻ţҲݵ¡ҴӲڣһһǻô
ĵ˵ͷʾ⡣˶ȨеȥػţҲ
ǧϵļεˣĸ˫֣Ҫ󱧱们䣬¶ϱ̵Ŀ
ĪЦתұ£˵Ķϲ
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غڶİϢǷڴˣܻܿܲסǹɷĵѹֶȥɷѾõĻȴȻ硣
ڶﵽЩʲôӵȴشڵص׵ĲĶ
ӴԼ֪ˡӶ״ѾҲûôнˡ
Цҡҡͷҿû󵨡
Цҵģ
Ȱ㲻Ҫļ֮ںܿ͹ˡ
岻򲻵Ѳɱˣͨص̷ڶ񲻹Ůּ⣬ӳخʹ䲻壬Ҳ˺棬Աϻжںڶмꡣ
Ҳ̾һҲôãʲô
ҲҪġɫֻһ棬Υּ⣬ɾͲôˡеĿġ
Ĭһʵô˵Ůﲻͷˣ
ʱᡣѾͷ㣬ټϼλǰ飬Ͳ׷ˡԺ󲻿ٷĻȱּǲΥġӵ
лӴˡ֪ҪǻӵãϾλ˶ǷѾãԼûʲô顣
Ҳлңʵؼǡľٶûܸıʲô
û˵ʵ֪һδٵô࿹⣬ӵһʱӲһȻǴôһϣ
Ѿ֪ˣĶӳخʹ䵽ĸʣڸί֮خҪ˵
ûӹ𣿲Щɬóɲĺ˵һûдһյҪ󣬿ɲףֻԼģİ飬ִӸ鵽ܴİ顣
ţ𣿡ʵľٶǻһЩıģΪĻšŮһͨȴֻ꣬ҪţͻĿܡ
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ȴûƽһҪ𣿡
˼ĹѾֵܲˡҡҡͷ֪㲻ģϾտġԻúúõģԼˣԹ˭أ֪ʷͱге˵ģַ·˵ˡ
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ӽ˵ͬܣҵҲãܴԺıһαǸûᣬϧŮȻһΪһ˽ȺߣûִѾǹȫˣ
ҲЩˣ˻ˡ
Ҳ˵ЩҲҪˡخĳͽѾɣĻָ˺ԺΪҲ޹ءȻûܵõͣҲҺûʲô𺦡
Ķûּüʧôأ
Ǻǣıǳͽ伧Ĳ񼧱Ѿ֪ô²ڲˣ
룬ʵӴˣﲻΪǼ𣿡
һ㶣˻Ǻ⣿
ЦڶҲʲôͶЩ¡ǰخЩط˳۱£ɼȴûйʡǰʱĵ۹ƺҲ״
ӾЩ˺ڶ㡭ЩʲôЩǺкθɣûͺúôӦ٣ɲÿζôõ
ǣӴˡղŵĻЩԹ棬Ͼһǧ꣬˷ִʲô
ˣҲҪˣϣ档
ҲǡΪ壬Ǳ׷󡣡ĶҲﲻʲôˣһоͿԼˡ

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ؿСľЩ㶣ĶҲأ̫˵ĻǾġ
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̫ˣҲֻһʱ̰ѣǲġϵһ̫󣬵û뵽ô̫ˡ
ҵȻű£ɾеŮһЩֶΣյ磬ӲҪЩ¶
Ȼ̫󲻷ģǾǰخ̸У÷ĸӡﵱȻ᲻ãôΪ̫ˣô˵ʵΪ̫Ҳ̫
Ȼ̫Ц»Ǻģշô˵ҲŮˣôô׵خǺ˵ҲǸһսڿɲʱ򡣡
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̫⣬޷ܵŮ˵ȻɱãزָʾĿܻʵۣĿǰ֮ƺĹϵ̫ǿӲʹհ죬ֻҲĵִ
Ҳ˵߶༸˲ΪֻҪڵĹؾͺáֽ̫Ǹľеݵصu˹һö͸ɡ
u˵ŮµǿuǿǸ˵Ҳȴǵһοuع
Ӧ֪uعЧãⶫ˲鷳̫˼ȷֻҪЩ鷳Ͳٹһ¡
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ôܣôŮ˻ҵѪ̻عֻЩɣuعһ𣿡
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ŵʱ̫ƽȴֳĵı飬룺ĪùȻˣҲ档
վڴľԥʱľڴߣ΢΢ͷһ仰Ҳ˵Դָֹֻ֮֮ϵƵ¹ҹҲʱз
ֻֻ֮СϵܵģйϵȴɵĮȻʱʱʹЩģȴӲԿĿľΪйȻҲͲʲôҲӲƽϣɵطǳ⡣
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ʲô벻ػһöֵĹʵĵĺı
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ǺǣǲѾû˵ˣʵˣȷʵˬĪĺô
ȻôϡٵΪʲôԼŻ׸̫ݣʵ䲻ϡֲҵˣ̫ߵĴĻš
§סĶ˵̫ѾˣһöġҲض룬uعŮ˴޾ӸЩҲܺúõطްһ˵һͷĵĶԱԼĻ
ĵһҲЦˡʵĲΪľٶ˷ӦΪuء֡
ٶʮԻڣ֮ɽˮɣע棻ˮɣעˮ϶֦ˣ޶Ϭ׺вɣҶޥ䱾۹ڻʵԻuءʳ֮ʹӡһ˵ɽһuزݣҶޥݵҶӣ۹ڻʵǳֲݻʧȥ
죬ֱǱɽ⽫һ˵ⶫͺˣйļƻ߾ͺִˡ
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ãǾҩǸС˳ȥⱲƨǸ˻ڶϳӣֱҵǰϦѱѣ޲ǰѶӾ
źصĹʵպֵıĿǵȨ˵Ȩôأöuع͡ɽﲻʵuزݵûйظöʵӽ볹׶ϾеĿܣΪӰȫԻ飿
ôϲ𣿡
Ȼϲֻһ뵽ŮЩ˼顣ѹΪǸ²ĲЦڵĸоʵҲȷǲ˼顣
ôԣģӿɲѳԡ
ǰй㣬һζֻʵ̫ˣҿ᲻ϳԵ࿴һٳ԰ɡصĴߴĸӲóʵһվ
ҲʵģȻuع뵽ԼİĻἤŭƻ֮òȶĹϵڵһҲǿǿȵģ볢԰ıƵޣԤеǲһҪĽ֡
һȷĵȷʶuع;úƭķʽѻҶ͸ɱ鱦λԵģֻ˭뵽רͷЩԻȨвŮˣƺͰ籡
ϲͺáԵ̫żǻɵġǧСĲҪȥ棬ⶫСӳ˿ɲá
͸ĵ鱦档ǺӵȷǸɰĺӣǼĶӣĶĶӸöáϧĶĺӣǻᴥܶ˵棬Լ
Ȼܿ죬ͲҪˡ

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ˣھ˾ͲˣҩЧҲͲˡЩ°ɣ𹼸˱µ⡣ˮ°װuعĺӷŵǰ
Ѿ֪ǵڼģĸӾ裬֮ྴĹϵǵصİʾˮô˹д£
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СүⶫɲԵŶˮ¶Լ̬ȿɱȶС
ȥɣֵңͳˡİuعļȻĵҪ
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ôԼأȻҲ뻳صĺӣֹΪǸĹأҲΪʼտһܰصôŮѪǣ
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ǣһغƭҩһˮͻȻ΢ĹУһŵڹΪɱ̥һһˡΣĵӿһǿҵĲʡ
ҪҪĸףӦԼ
ҲףҪuعֹΪ˶ϾҹĿܣҪΪ˱֤ҡżҵ档ܾԸԱеҩҲЩ˷ġΪǿĴĻʵۡĸƾӹõѡ
ԣҲӦΪҲ𻵵档žƭԭ
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壬ô£迴ȴҲüûа˵ӣôǸ۸ѣԼȴأ
壬ǸСһĽҲΪм˵Ṇ̀Ӧ㣡Сص㣡
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Ϊʲô
ᡢСء衢㣬ŷŭһǰȴһҲţΪͻȻ֪˴𰸣ǸӡԺġ
΢΢һЦ˵ΪҲˡ
˭ģ
Ȼ΢Ц˵Ҳ֪
ľһ
ôˣһͳ
£Ҳһ˾ײųġ
ĻЩ㱣ѾԼ˯ڴϣ߿Ӱأ⽹ŵӰĪЦ
Ķôˣج𣿡һ顣
ţ˸جΡĵͷȻصصĻ
غĪЦ˵ЩʲôĪЦ뿪ģĲֻ֪Լƽ̹СãֻһجΡ


ʮ جγ

Ȼֻ֪һΣǹ½ξȴһֱĵͷֱòˡѾسǰϲѺֻ޾ıһֻҲزȥˡ
µ仰ҲˡҲ֪ζʲôѵζỳصĺӣΪûйԹԳصuع
ͻȻʣŴСϵһŵĳĸǿuعĹ⡣
ʹҡҡͷûδֻҪһ˿ϣ÷Źο׻˵ξʵ෴ġ˼ҹΣҲΪԼ̫ڵĴ£Żﷴӳ
ˮֶҩˮʱڷԤϵģʹuعЧǾҲóȻֹͣñеҩĻԾҪعˡ
ĺܸ˵غҩڳʲô鵤ҩ֪ǣҩ䷽Ѿһˡ
ʢ꣨خʮ꣩£ӻ׵̫ҽڸĺ飬ȴѾڡԴ֤ϲ
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˲صģֻЩѪѣϷ򿪸ҩԼҩɡΪһϵ̫ҽ̫ҽ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵
Ļعͷżװµ̫ҽȴúЦѾһĸףЩ仯ƭҲƭˮ£ô̫ҽ
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̫ҽȻڻʵǰϢܿ죬رŭˡ
ǿuعǲûԣѾʹˮ£֪ˮֻǿöˣûۿĳ¹ʵ
ˡصŭľȻη壬벻ѹֻ
˵ǳˣôỳУظ˵ˣⲻǵԼǰƭ
ȻЦ˵ԭǿãµһ⻹ǲͬѰ
ЩΣֳܿɫ˵֪޵û˵ʵôҲΪðҲ֪ҵĹأû빬ŮӻлʼѪһɲο㻹ǡ˾͵޳²ߣΪǰģǰˣҲŻȥ
Цԭ»һⰡǣûУ䵽ȵزԼҪǣû£ȨƣñѹҡίҲް취ƾʲôŰĸ׵ȨΪǶҺãѵ˶𣿡
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ѵҵĴҴûҪûҪȡʲôôһʼͲҪĸӣһδвңǻ㣬㲻ҳڳԴûпңýӴ
ĵָЩԾü˵һ֮ȻҪԹΪأǵйĳܵϿͣҲˡʱ޵ȷֻһ룬в⡣ڡ˵ѾԼˣҲŻ뾡취ȫ㡣
ؿķuعȷһֱȫķĲͬ뷨ȫңѻɥʧuع˵ǰΰٲ鵤ҩƭҷ£ڱȫң
ʹһ䣬ŭ㻹𣿳˵޶ĳ谮ǵ棬޲̬Ǿͻ޳ȥ㣬޻Ƿֻί㡣Ů˭ĸƾӹû취»ӣȻͲ㣬ѵڱȫ֮ûж˵ʵ벻ָͨ˱˽ڡЩŮ˾ͷʶ̣
뱣ȫңͷ߰ɣٲҪٳ谮ңҵǲɵġĺ޺޵˵ΪʲôЩΪǵĳ谮ڱ˾һǸأ
ؾˣûĵԹ£Ϊ˵ߣס̾˿˵ҲΪʲôԭΪӾͻˣȴԽԽѲʧԼģҪɺͼһҩˡ
һĶϵ㣬˵ʵصģԴҪλûҪܡһһȨʱҪΪ˭˵֣ǼҲа취пԣΪûкӶ㡣ôͲ޵Ŀأ
㡢㡭ķǵûбж˵ؾȻΪɥʧȨǵĽ˶ʧ衣
΢֮ԼļֲΪأתһ룬˵Ů˲һֹߣΪŮΪ˷йΪҪǵΪװΣôŮ˵ϣôļֱܶˣһҲû˵
㲻ޣĵĳĬظеɻƵĻֻ˵ǵõʱϲֻ۾ϵǡ
ţĲشʱ˵ĻΪûбҪƭܳãɥʧȫʵڱȫԼһ죬ҲΪ˱ȫԼǸһ
Ժ̫ңԶˣ˵˵ڰɡĵ˵
̻عڻһ⡣ſģվüʵԼô룿
ô룿ȻĢ́ͷƽؿء
㡭Ҳȷ˵⻰ģﲻɵһŭȻѾ뵽ΪʲôҪôѵǴϷŪ𣿡
̲סˣҲŲһ޹ĺϷŪˣҲϳuعΪҵȨԾĸŮ˸ӣͬԾĸӣӣұԶĸ׵Ȩ
һĵ˼ͻȻŭɶݺݵشһ⣬ˣԭûҪ޵ĺӣȻŸӡ˭ˣΪл
ģҲͷģֲֻˡûмǴѾصδˡոջˮƬ̹תΪɫֻԼûаϲŭ޳ˡ
ŭǰסĵ½󣬽е˭
û˭˵ԺԺ󣡡Ҳؽе
ԺΣⱲӶ뿪ޣһƣˤڴϣ



ʮ 

صͻȻʶ֮ԼȻߣǣſڴϣûٶҲû˵
ݵĳĬ侲ŭûܷйꡣ˿ܣǡÿѾή˥ܵģƺڳЦץ裬ݺݵڵϣƬء
ıһ쾪ĪЦҲһ¡ظĻشǡڼݻعȻ㱳ȥ
عסˣû뵽ؾˣĺӵ׸ôأ뺰סﻹһ˿⣬һֱûܳ
ߵſʱȴͣסˣת˵û޵ּ⣬˭׼ӣ򡭡㲻Ҫ㻹һӡ˵仰ʱصŷǿҵɱ⣬Ĳشһս
ȥĻڴ߷㶣ǸȻģκηʽж̥İΪʲôѵȻڿӣѵ͹ضԼ飿
ͻȻǺػвǺĻӡʹûԵڹأʹûŵ֮ĻҲӣΪû˿⡣
ȻԼĹ⣬ӵȻͬ뼧ƵʽķޣܳʱҲȷʵú֣ܿȻԼеʧȴӲԹǨŭڼǡǡ෴ǼȥĿġ
ȴһ˵ֻƾԼǿưռΪֻԼʹһЩҲһǿ߶ߵʩᡣԣĴûзͷĹôĸ׵ϲã
ӣҪԹңĸ׺ĸף㲻еҸġȫӣĸƾӹ󣬷ͼĵλΪΣΪΣաֻҲסá
ĶĲкuعĹѸںɫûֱܷ¶һ΢ЦˣôиͲƭuعҲֻΪ·ͻȻЩԥ
õģǸˣ֪ôԼ棬ʹЩҲôġİοԼǿ͸ˣԼĳ˶˫ַϣһδ͵ĺʲôΪӵŮֲֻһ
ȴɣּӣϣ̫ãɲΪ̥Լ塣
ҺҲԽԽݶˡĶԼļкĮеһ˿
ʱϵҲΪ·ա
֪˵ûдõķӾǶ̥ضָڹأġȻһ֮񼧱һ죬ʱšҾѾ޴
ǣĹⰡǻ꣬Ҳ˲ɣȴһֱûܻĹ⣬ҲûжҪǲ̫ЩɶuعʱԼ⣬ûа취ŮС
ԣ֪ĻеϢʱ𾪺ͷŭһ˿ϲãΪ˸ϲá
Ҳȱȵ۹ʮӣ֮󣬴İڻصĸûκҲûǿֵͬܣȫǿخ֧֣ͬʱɥӵ̫ΪĸŵԵǻ
޿ʱƣȴơѾãв⣬òĽɽҪˡĽһǿȥûԼѪļ̳ˣأ
׸ôأʧȥӣҪʲôʱٴӵԼĺӣҪסӣҪôӦšңʹڵšҲ⶯ڹָôƳ
ǣΪʲôŮ˻ģһ¸û빬Ůˡ
رָۣôΣɿ˼ţʲô취ӹĳܵԼ
ͻȻۣеͣ
ͣˣںĪЦʵкηԸ
ݲعȥ
黻˸ǰ

һֱڵȣּ̥⣬ȴһֱûţѾ¡ˮµǶ˼ҩϧÿκºûʲôĸо֤ǲǶ̥ҩǰ̥ҩ
ٴνȫΪһӻΡɷŵһΣһһǳϡϧŵҲû
죬ϢˣȴҪȥ꣬û뿪֮ǰһܸĻᣬʱϢԻˡ
ûҽԺΪңҪһŮ˶̥ҲòרŵʲôطȥĴɻ󣬻·ñˮµһ߳ԼסСԺ棬۲ܣľͱһװݻѾһˣء
ñʵҪȥ
һ֪ˡصɫƽƺĻһѾǸ⡣
Ȼز϶˵ҲͲȤؼ׷ʡץñڳһ࣬Ĭ΢΢ǰȴľʲôأ
һ·ϣĶûл͸ϵС棬Ϊܶǵʵʵز˿ﶼܻخ̽ӡͣʱľԼֽһڡ
ñ³ǰ˵геĵڶ仰
شñҲ³³ʱַסֱۣغŷֵֻ˾Ȼأֻ־󴦣û뿪
ĵֱǰߣɲ˼ľͻȻͣסˣקʵʲôط𣿡
ػعͷĵźɴǿһ˿־塣ؾú֣˵ͷ˵ûĻʼٴ֡
Ľخȫͬȴ̱࣬㹴ԸĻ䡣ǣخ֣Ϊʵ˶ԻʵʹáҲֳ˾βԭΡ
ҲҪȥʹˣֻֻץصͽסˡ
ôˣزͻȻֳĿ־壬üͷ룬ȴΪںԼеܻᱻй¶С˵㲻صģخֻͬҳڻʵۣ塢Ȩ޹ءµġ
룺ˣҳϵŮʹΪһֻ֮ҪŮһܵͷǸΪֻҳڻʵ۵֣٣ʵڰŮָʾ¡Щûؽףֻص߽


ʮ ֮

һѮĳߣȥüĿⲢľðģخ֣ҲǷ桢Ķţ
ĺȷࡣѪͬСɣҲֻƾ̫ҽ¡
ȷҲЩϲȻԲ˳ʵ׹⣬ҲζŻлõ˳ļ̳ߡ
Ѿ˰źˣºͷԡ¡ٹ˵
⵽Ҫʲôĵĵлһ˿ŭҪɱҲס
תŰοĿ˵ǼգٴΪ²һԣʲôʾǲһ󼪡ذ֣ʲôõˡ
صİοȴɫΪ԰סԣ⻹õŲѾԤϳǴ󼪣϶ǴףӲĸҲŭ飬⵽ǲ
ĵ״ֻܱΪĹȣҲûҪֹͣĵĲԡ˵ʲôأܲ˵ԼǱͨĺռͶѡ
벻ؾȻºӣһԸĸо
һľżһŮǰȥԡֻϴӸɾˣֳľɵԡͰʱȴԼǼϵĹƷ֣Ҳǽ鼧Լգ׸飬벻ֻصԭ㡣
ԡ֮ıһŮǰóռþߣдʣŮѵõϣƽѹһ˿ţȴһľȻһձ˼̵
۾٣ʶѾƮԶˡ⵽⣬ô죿
ٴˣΣٵĶֹͣˣһֱŹעر̲סʵ
΢Цϲ£Ϊ˵עҪ
̫ˣشϲסĵ֡⼸յķһɨˡ
ʲʲôû˸ղŵĶԻɿϵЦݣȻһ飬૵ܰɡ
Ķ㻹͸޵ıһ£ڵĹҲˡףô򵥣ڲ࣬ػ§ڻúһ
ٴˣǲǸˡĻǲԼĶ䡣˼ĺӶЩ˶֣ôΪصĺӶܵףѵΪ˱Ӷٹҥ
ٻ΢΢һЦ˵ģȷˣϷôϣ
ţҲûĵ쳣˵һ޳ȥһ¡ʹĿҲζպһ˳
ȥĻǹԭأûа취ġ󣬵֪ǵԺ鹵ͨˣܱͼѵŮı⣿
̧ͷŸ߸ϵŮŮǿΪ˸ѪΪʲôأ

ͫҲ벻ףⱾһȥĵĴûᣬΪʲôŮȴ׵طŹ
ͫҲ벻𣿡ǸŮعͷ
˾ٱ⣬ˡͫ²Ҳ֪˾پΪ
ŮЦЦ˵ǺųҪУԼƿҾƫƫҪĶŤתǬһûзĺҲΥּأ
ͫһ̾ŮôҲһƢأ˭־ȵأ

Ůǰĸеһɾ޴ѹ϶ӵؿ̲ס̧ͷ˿ȴʲô
ٴˣҿڵ߿𣿡ʵ
Ȼԡ
վڵıţоıڻһǧǰŮǲĹ¡ĵıⲢҪιһĽ⣬Ҳֻ
ŮŮһǿĵŮΪϧ鶷ЩΪľԼŮȷֵǼ͹
ǣΰŮǸǿԼĻŮͬһ𣿵ǧǰ˵ʧ棬ǧŮ˱仯벻ֻͨԽԽøղǸԳ˲Ԥס
ߵı棬Ŀһֵľ󡪡޴ʯȫݡ
ʲôʵ
Ŷٵÿһʱͻ֡خĻӦҲС֪ĵʵݡ
ҵȥһΣȴûϸһ˵һϸؿ˿Ȼһҵٵֺ֡ǰ뿴ʲôʱˣһﾹȻǰļ¼
ЦخǰĴУҲǰټ¼ԭڶݣֻǸƷ
ˮû𣿡
΢ͣһ£ǻشˮǳۣǰ۹ĹͬǵҲٵֻǴӵˮмء
룬ʵڶݵǼղصһһԲε赣֪ٴ˿֪
Ȼ֪ǱŮŵŮ赣аݵһ룬һڱ
һȴ˵ֻǴֻ֮Ҫհǲȡġ
ĿûаҪհͷæЦѾһΣҲиˡǴΡǲС
ףô£ͻȻʯм侹ȻһհףǰΪ۹˰һʮʮ꣬汾ֵĵطȴǱӲԵعεˡ
ٵɫ΢΢һ̾һٱǴ˵бԻŭŮյǲ١۹һλΪ˼ǺΪȴΪ죬Ż˼䣬Ա㽫ȥ˾
ɣٴ˵˰ɣ岻𣿡ٱԻĹǰҲȴǵһ˳ƺΪɣ˻һ٣Ϊȡ
Щ⣬Լĳ룬Цһǲ֪Ϸоղصľ䣬֪һǰ岻ǱɣеľβͽڡһǴ˵ŮԮµĵʱľβҲһּǰﶼǵĵ񡣡
ָָǸ֣˵Դ֮󣬺ͽû䣬˿רĻ˵ͱû˼ǵĻԻ͡
ǲమѣΪʲôҪǵͷϡ˲ἰĶΪβĸ׺Ϊ˵ĸס
ҡҡͷܺɣ뷲˽ϣΥ⣬Ȼ⵽ĳͷ
û磬Ͼ˵ࡣǵǸѾԭ֣ͻȻһǿҵĿٴˣ֪˵𣿡
ҡҡͷǰˣļﶼԸ֡ݵиļأҲаɡȻΪζָȤٻǺĵظ顣





ʮ ҹɱ

ٴλ̴ȥһıʵҪӣ
Ĳӣطʵ
ҲɣҵݣӾҲ׶༪١ٴ˵ĲԶסЩߵĿڣֹǰ¶֡˵úܼϣܴصͷ
޵Ȼ֪ƾͲסˣǲڹѹޡ˵֣Ҳûôסֻߵ֪ᴫȥҲ˱㣬㲻صġ˵ú⡣
ǺοࣿķôᴥŭܶˣĴҵ粻Ҫӣֲûáûв͸ǽϢ˶ãʮ»̥ʱʱпܳΪΣ
ػͷŭ˵ҪǲûֺοðգҲҪװǹޣ㲻ǲƫҪ
ı˵£һʱ֮ЩΣһ䡰üΪ㻵ˡǵѹסˡﷴ룺˵üΪˣƫƫĹ⣬Ϊʲô
ؿĵɫÿ뵽ֻ˵޸ղ˵Ĳ޵Ĺ⣬޵Ȼ뱣סģʹ»ӣҲĸӵġ
ҧҧ촽û˵ܷʵغͳȨƵ綥˼ȴĸӡʲô⣬ǶľͽԼ˵ǲһźѡ
ʱٴ֣صضԺͰ̥¾Ͳùˡһ˺ĸӵġ
һȨƵ˷ǳ֣صı֤ӦŮ˸еҸһ¡ȴеĺʱȽŶЩΪˣһεؾ
ǰԼӣһǨŭͼǱͼ˺̫ŵܺΪ
ɴӴЦݡңصıͼʲô
صԼ̱ϣ췢һдϣѾõȷָʾЩãȻ
˴˽Ѿײײġ
İ§ڻȻĵҪһڣ֪Σͽӿ֣ȴȥ⣬пܽΣյľء
ҲŮɡ֮ļ尾Ҫ˲ʹࡣ

ڰУĵ۾Ȼˡŵᱣܣ˱ȫ̥һŵ˭֪Ժֻʲôˡԣҹ˯ò̫ȣз紵ݶͻᾪѡ
ˣҹɫз·ʲô춯ԼԽԽ٣ĵǸܷġиܵһио
ʲô˵ϣʲôؽһһ󵭵ѪζƮ˹ţĻë׶ΣգоΣա
´£ߵǰƿһ죬뿴ǲʲô쳣ĶҲֻһþҲڽڴʱСĽǲẦġ
հͷ̽ȥͻȻԶ˽һд̿͡ʱһȻˣܻشߣѻ˯ļȻſڳȥ̿һǳģɲ
ûܵǰžһƿˣһӰ˽ļһŵ˼˳ȥһΪĶȴʲôҲû
ˣ˳ǰһ
ԭˮ£ĸոַȥ
ˣд̿ͣүһ㣡ˮҲǱԺ쳳ѵģϵ·ûܴ롣
ʲôطԶ㣬ȴһӰ˽Ȼĳ࣬ǰѴҹɫҲһɼŵϵɱ
ʲôˣˮ»ͷһ˶ϡ
ˮСģĴеͬʱ˴һӣˮ±ҽһˤһԡҲǻŵıȻĿġ
ľȻסˡȻѾܻɱ濴ŴʱķӦȻסˣҲֻʶֻסļܵסĵ
˵ˮ¼βǰȥرס̿͵ȣе˿ߣǴ̿͵жܵƣͣһ¡Ƭ̵ĹǱһǿļƹǴ̿ͣһеȥ
ʱͷһۣǴ̿ͻӵˮ¿ȥˮµͷ­̾ͷڿдһѪڵϲ֪ȥˡ
ı⾰󾪵жвһ߻ͷһȥǴ̿˦ˮµʬ׷ʱֻæعͷȴײһ˵Ļ
Ҳһɱڵˣֻ֡ˡҵ˫һҪڵأȴס漴һĸӵԼ
һ㶣̧ͷȥѾһѽɱˮµĴ̿ʹһ𡣺ڰ˵ο࣬ĻϳǸӰĪЦ
ѾˣָĵĻ͵͵ؽţ¡ղˮ±ɱ龰ҲµЩޣʱֻżĺ˵£ʲô¡
ԺڴͲҽҲ֪Ǵ̿ͻȻҲȫȴͻȻ뵽⵹ǸᣬӦòǱɱ˾æŵֵ̿ͣûҡܳܳȥҲ뿪ء
ͷ˿ĪЦںǸ̿ʹ򶷣ռϷ硣ȵĪЦܴ̿ͣͲܵĻˡԥһ£ĵرżԺȥ
һѪζŨҵĳͻȻǰһĺ˽һźӵģ۱һ˷ĸо
ĪЦ̴һʱҲֻ֡
һǿľȥһα˵
һûܣżǽǣһ̿ѾĪЦɱˣ˭֪滹жٸ̿ڵ
ڶ̿͵ҲĪЦݺݵش̴ˣڵµʬֲһȷû⣬ȻĨһѺعͷ˵շˣߣҲ֪˶ٴ̿ͣȫǰĴΣյĵط
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һ󣬺沢û׷׷ĪЦ˿˵ˣû˵ûˣˣΪһذָǰ


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ʲô𣿸ղһӣҾԺȥˡ
ղŵգĪЦҲǺգֻһ⣬֪һŹǵġ
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ӶԶӳȥôôСȰ㻹ǵȺԺٴӳɡ
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ؿ˿ĻҪŮӣͻȻԼǰСˣΪֻһѭ浸صĹˣԭĻŮˡ
ְ̫ɱжһõģôֻͻȻĿֻ֧ʵۣ֪ԼֶŮĴϻۣ˾پĴ󷢡ǣ˵֮ҲϲͨŮӣñ֪ӵĸȻǡ
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̫ҡҡͷ˵ǫ飬޺Ǻ֮ףµһӵĽôýŹ͵ɡߣ⺢ƿҵ»ʵʲô
Ҳת΢ЦŶ˵ԹĴϻһ̺ܽ޵Ļӡ
ˣּ
˯ĻȻ֪е̥Ѿĸס





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ʱĵһǱ˱֣ȴֱŵǿȴԼͷײ˳ϡ
ôˣĪЦʵȴŶͷɵһЦڻץһ䲻֪Ұÿģûпһۡ
Ĳ˼ЦЦ˵˯ˣΪڴϡͻȻҹĲҾ磬ĵɫһת˵ôܳȥˣղΪֶӲڻż
Ǻǣˣҿ㻹˯ţͰ档ĪЦһ˵һסС֣ҰóԵ
ļǸмЩ¡ҺǺĪЦһ𣬷Ҫϻ˾ôѶ͵ˣȥҰ
ôͣˣĿ˿⣬ͣ·ԣܲû˼ҡ
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ĪЦûгЦѼظӱǰ

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ĪЦĻﾡؿĪЦû˵ʲôοĻֻĴĺ󱳣һμʱܾϾʱһ






ʮ ܰҹϣ

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ĬȻ֪ĪЦ˵ʵύʣҲûǿĲܣʾ˵ҲҪСңһܣ֪ϱ˶֪Ķ
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ǵȻԭҲ㣬ҪףҪ㣬ĶӮˡңơԣʹҲһóˣֻҪ֪ĶȻǿĲң׬ǮԽС˵Ҳ٣첻ƾôִ֪ʶͲڷҲ
ĪЦģСɵı˺üΣ̲ס¶΢Ц۾гơ⸱ģһ踺صĸףһ֪ߵغСһֻΪСꡣ
ô㵹˵˵㶼Щʲô˲ĶҲ۽硣ﵱȻʲôһȵǻۣ仰ڶϲõ飬ϣܶౣһӡ
ĹȻ˱ӣΪƭǾ˵һҿԿһҷװ꣬רƯ·ŮˣŮΪƯ·ܲƴ۵ġΪ󸾽ײ㣬Դᡣ
·
һ죬õķƷҡ㶮ʲôķװʦδǸò÷죬ֻҪƳƯ·У
·ĪЦ̫װƵĸֻ˳Ļʵ
סˣﶮװƣϸ룬ҪѧС˵дִεհҲףοˮķװʽΪḻ;ģԼ⺺
ҲװˣҿһСʳݡȻʳ֪һȫµľӪģʽͣȰѷ˶ã̶ʽʱõȺ̫ʱͿԳԷˡЩʱ˵ѡ񰡡
ǣǸСϲС𣿡
ǰɣ׺䶥ҾͿһҵزн鹫˾רŰҷӳҧĪЦͲʱ
ҵرˣ֪һзϢ˵Ŷ֪ʲôطˣο𣿡
㡭ĲòϣղǸͷʵ˵ӵģزнôġãҾ˵һ˾Բģһӵ·繤˵˭𣿡ר¸˾
·繤ʲôʲôãĪЦû˵´
Լȴйˣ綼ûбֵʱȥӵ·繤׵ʲôҲҪб豸õ豸ѵܱɰ
찡˭ѧʱѧǵרҵѧ֪ʶйأ֪ȥѧҽ߲񣬻һųԷա
㡢ˣץסĪЦĸ첲ʹקקĲһǲǣ˼ģĪЦȴĵЦ
׼ЦĻȭϴ£ʵǿԺԣԼҲ̲סЦ
ΪڿС˵дڹŴִ֪ʶչͼȴֲĸʱƶһ׵£ӵ̬Ⱦֻǳ˵Ρ


ʮһ ܰҹ£

Цһ֮ķſץĪЦ첲˫֣ЩһҲûԿ
Բ𣬺þûˣЩ֪ĪЦһصˣɲ뱻Ϊһ٬Ůˡ
ĿģҲܸˡĪЦ˵ʵĲǰĺܸˡҲļ뿪²Ǵ¡
о˫ոæתƻ⣬˵ղ˵Щ㶼òãһ飬ҵӦô
ĪЦ˼˵ûһɿչ㡭
ɫһ˵ԭĪЦ˵Ȼֻһɫ˵ŮӡίȻͣʼһʹ
ˡִĲ𾴶Ǿ룬ĪЦͻȻЩĻţæ͵Ҳ˼ֻǾֻԼĲףοǶ߹ôùߣĳͨҲĿܻ
ɫͻһЩ˵ĵǣҲ֪ǲסǣŮȻζǲҪϡ˳ֻΪ˱סҶӵΪ˱סԼٻںػɣǾԲֻΪʾͳԼҲһ¸ҵˣòϣҲ޴̸𣬿ֻҪܱ֤±ҸԸϡļƽʵ࣬ԼܿӦͨ˵
ⷬĪЦĵĿΪĹָۣоĲ˵˵ѣĿ̹ȻƽƶĲһ߹֮Ҷں󹬵Ůˡᱻѹ˲٣̹ȻԵȴ࣬ʹǱ£خΪʵҲԹޡ
ʵ¸ҡΪΥּ⣬Ϊ˺ӶίǿУΪɶиŬΪ϶ƽ˻᲻¸
̧ͷĪЦ۾ǲǷܣϵ̲סЦգͬʱҲΪе
ЩǷǰҶԼҲνļǱܰɣϣ˵ˮһδȳڴҲŵǡ
ǱĴʶĪЦİģеĺ⣬ΪٹΣҪԶĶĶࡣ
ʵҸղŵ˼ҪΪ̰ͼֶίˣֻǾõŮӣԸչӡǱϲŮˡ
ģĵɫְľûԸչңҿǡɾ˰ﲻûʱһŮ̶ڱǿɳܵġ
ҾܺãҲбôġĪЦܿ϶
ĵ۾һȣм˵ллֻҪôģôνˡҲΪ˵뷨Ըʶ䣬ĶҺõˣҲ׷ġҸֻǳԵñůҪаԼͿ԰ˡ
ĵĸлĪЦִٲ֪˵ЩʲôҲסȻ취ȥôôԺ£Զȥˮղ˵ҲԶʵ֣һôأ
ĪЦСĵƳһۣȻҸ΢Цڻǲʵֵﲻɵһʹ
ôʱϵֱˣһʵĪЦﵽˮҪ߶ã
ĪЦջ˼˵ĿǰٶȴҪһ°ɡ
ĵɫЩףܲٿЩ
̫ͺӳԲĪЦĵĶĺӣҪǳʲô⣬¾ŹǨŭĺͼ
ҧҧ촽ʵĪЦ˵ػ뵽Ҫȥˮ𣿡ôʵȴ룺һ뵽ġ
ĪЦûлش⣬ЩЦշˣ㻹ǲҪҵ˵µɣϾҵľ
ĵһۣ˵ֲñ˽е𣿺ðɣҾͲΪѣǳƺΪұ°ɡ
ʵ¶ԷǺܺõġĪЦ˼ǾӦΪԼ˵ûһ˼Կס
ĪЦΪ˵ûĲûмطЩп̾һ˵ҲķҺãɲҪġҿԲԹܸм
ͷĪЦ˵֪һľĲһˣ㲻Ӧʲô¶ġҳǸƷ£ҲҡĪЦΪ˻ٻأЩֵ
ĪЦŵˣæ˵ǾǳȻӦʲôġ
㡭治֪ʲôôȻôϣĿ޷ƽȵ˼룬ֻܴźɸֵԹ
ĵıԹĪЦȴͻȻΪЩʱȴֵȻЦȷʵҺܴĺô
ʲôǮŮ
ĪЦٴκٺٵЦЦȻ˵СʱҼǵõĲ࣬Ҳ֪Լô˹¶ͼǵúһֱڽ֡ʱҿûӵнǮŮһܹԱϴˮ裬һŸɾĴ˯˯֮ǰҲõĵڶҲԡ
ǰ˵ԼǸ¶ȴû뵽ȻСˣԼ޷ȻĪЦʱı鲢ĻǸеʹ
أұ¾㣿ĪЦصҳϡ
ӡȡңȻ˹
ʲôĺܾȣǳ̫࣬ĪЦôҲ񰡡
ҺຢһѵֺõľͿڹ
ǲǰǶһΣյĵطɱĲſС˵ڣӾȣС˵дй־ܴͨܵӰ졣
ĪЦȴЦˣǴģֲɱ֡ԴȻ˵ҲͨĹ͢רӡŮѵܼ࣬Ҳвͬܲˡҵ˵ذ˹ϾܳԱ˯ˡʮҵõ˻빬ѡ
ʮꣿǸӣôСô˰̫˰ɡ
С˵ģڳǰѡ󡣲ҵȷСЩС˿磬ԻǶûпҡʱҺµöҪˣֻǿûĪЦЩ˼
ѡѵҪɱС˵ڡ
ôܣĪЦεЦѡϵ˾ʱò࣬ΪѡϾûԷԺ¡
̲סЦˣԭǺ³ԲôұµҼǵûе;ȥخ
ĪЦ̾һ˵ûһ±ѡΪӣԲǰѡʱһѡʱʣµͬҸߴĻкüΪǿ϶ûָˣ벻ºԥؾѡҡ
һǾСù̡ܽĿɲΪڿĪЦ
ĪЦҡҡͷǾҺΪСӣȴֲġҲǺ֪ԭϻйͬĻӡǱµخΪʣֻµͶû
֪خΪʵӲ̹յخͷңֻ࣬衣ͬԺﻹǲɵظֳڵйٵѹĻ档
ΪмҪûбѡϻȥخܿء
ӵҪЩܸģѡϵ˶˰Զںڰмµֺ롣¶˵һ죬ǻǡ۸ǵ˶ڽ£ʱҾͿԾЦˡ


ʮ ·

ڣʵĿԾЦ𣿡ʵ
ĪЦҲ˳˼ʵ𣿿ԱůѾʵˣѹ˲ڽµҲʵˡǣȨУʱҪʡҸ
ˣ˻ЩϢɣһǾͳ
˳ӵվתȥߵʱֻعͷ˵Ҿұ˵Ĳԣ澳ҲЦȨԺԼĺӣҽȡĪκʱ򶼲ᷢǲǺ֡
˵ĪЦԭһȻЦĪȷǸ֣ǸƯɰŮ͸ˡ̧ͷ죬ϵǲޱȣ񷽲Ĺâ
ڶ죬ĺ˹˯ֱӣ˸ĪЦĶԻܾûƷĵĸоˡ
һ룬Ĳ׷ĪЦ˽ȻϣĪЦһֱ͵ˮĪЦصĳ̶ȣֻô
̾˿룺ĪЦʱʧ٣һصĻɣǸر˲ĹĪЦΪԼѾˣΪ˻ǵ˳ݾذɣԺ·ʼҪԼ
ʳĪЦվһǰʵĪЦôˣ
ĪЦعͷһЦ˵û£깦һϢ
㶼Ǹͳ˻ô̿డ
Ǻǣϰˡ
ĲĪЦѵľʱ˲ٿͷ
Ҳˣš
ͯĪЦԵúܸˣСһˣһҲˡȥչɣʰĶߡ
ĻصĪЦְעصǿϣڿϣһֵͼ͵͵µģƿصİе簵š
ĪЦǸͼŵȴĻδʱڴҸӡߵԣӳ·óصı߻ǿǰӽһŰŵƤֽǿƤѾȼĻµϻʧøɸɾ
ŶӸιʳĸо΢΢һĪЦҲϳˣȻܿһ죬ֿʼǰȻ󽥽١Զһֽһ
ֹͷ¶ӣ˳ݡȲϾݵķҲһֵĳСĴ֣һֻĸо
ڳҸջסһޣЩӹڱͺӶҪúϢһ¡
šｹҲûзִ硣ֹͺҪϢĪЦҲҪ
ǵڲǳԿʱĪЦҵĿջ̫ҲעĿĺջڵͨƽȻҪڷݵĵط
ñ̫ͬעĿĪЦݡΪʹ߻ŵֻʹҩ޸ò
ڵֻһеɫ񸾣ɫ̫ã¶żֲݣ̫˵ȤĪЦҲһЩװ磬һСڿջʱǿοɰļעЩ
λ͹Ҫס޻ҪԷƹкš
ֳ浱ȻɾϵĪЦӦ΢ЦŻشסޡҪķ˲Ҳ볢һ
͹ٷģķ˰⡣һͷ𣿡ƹ²Ӧһˣίһ䣬Ц
ûĪЦش˵ԣһ䡣˵øĪЦûκξȵı飬·ĸһƵġ
뷿Ļ뿪ĲŴسһڹ̨ʱϺ򶨣ȴϰ£ƹͻȻóһͨȻе㣡
ͷĪЦԲҸղû˼ֻǾװɷ޸ñɡܸĪЦסһҲ˯øЩ
ĪЦκΣ˵ͷ˵ţҲЩЩ׷ں˶벻ȻҺļٰޣͬһݡ
ȥĪЦϣ·°ڽеĪĪɷɰҪɷɡ
ĪЦĵЦˣƽڿУֻСȻЦֻɷˡҲޣֵùЦ
龰ȴͻȻ뵽һ⣬ε˵ĻĳƺøһģҪȻһʹˡһĺĻ£˵Ѷᡣ
⡢ôУǻӡȼǿҵĪЦɫˡ
ôˣΪһȥǸĵλ˵ûҲڣĸҲӦõġףɶӰɣһҲΪˡͷͻȻ뵽ģĪЦҲܱŤ
⡭ĪЦҲ֪ĳƺǸخĻӹСҪǴȥˣֻҲս
ʱʾĹϡѼ˹ȻָĪЦ˵е
ѧĽ׶Σ׽˵ʲô͸˵ʲôҲס͡ĪĪʲô
ĪЦ˿ЦǿЦȴ¶ıóѵĵ֮ɫ
ΪݣûеԷûưѷ͵˿ͷ⻹ǵһγԵȺͣȻҲֻͨķˣȴĳԵýζ
극ҳȥһˣǾʹҪšĪЦ˵
ȥ𣿡
ţȻƣҪûʲô£Ÿ·ĪЦ֪˵ز˾İҲ簵ȻᵢЩʱ䣬Ǿĳ򣬲ᱻ©
ȴ꣬ҧҧ촽˵ĪЦԼ·㻹ǻݰɡ
ôˣĪЦһѵĻˣڡ
Ѿüˣұһ³ˣҪٲȥҲỳġȥ˵׷ңû׷Ļ˽ڡ
ĪЦ룺ϧѾ֪ҺһˣɲܴߡǿΪİΣǰ룬ĪЦҲܸж
һȥˮ̫Σˣ㲻ԼҲҪĺӰȥɣ㵽˵ˮٻؾҲ١
㡢˵ҪһֱҵˮļֱԼĶ䡣
԰ѵ㲻һߣĪЦЦŷʵ
ô᲻룿ļؽеֵǵ˵ǣұһỳߣسͷģ˰ɡ۾֮նס
ĪЦЦģҺͱ¹ѣ´һ˲ͬοôҲΪ˱ӣ֮У
ĪЦʱ˵ûָĶһĵЩ䣬ǸĪЦĴ
ҲҪ̫ģ黢ʵ۵˲κ˴ȨʹֵҲС¹ǡСӺСҲֻʣ¾ϵҲпػ
ҶסĶˣҸҵĿ̫ΣգһûҪڵĴǰ̡ĪЦǵЦţ˿١
ôһ̣ȰĪЦһڵˮǣǾζĪЦҪԶڵĴǰ̡ٻ󡢽ҵ˶޷ʲôҪĪЦأ





ʮ ŵ

ĪЦĴһصջŹ֮ȷĸƽĪЦҪ¿һ̥ҩĪЦϲ·ĺһ㣬ĵȴʲôϲɫ
֮ıʵĪЦҪȥҩץҩ𣿡
ȥõĻȥУ༸Ǯˡ鱦²֣֮ҲԸİ벽ȻѾն밵ϵǲɵġ
ĳһ˵ȥһ˰ɣæץһҩ
Ŷ㻹Ҫʲôҩз𣿡ǺܸӵҩҩҲơ
롭Ҫһ̥ҩС͸־Ȼ
㡢ôˣĪЦŵؿŴ˵ûԺҲصģһǶƽִﵤˮġ
ҡͷĪЦҲǵĺͦסֻǡҪӡ
ĪЦһΪʲôҪ
ҡҡıǾԼȫɲҪӣΪǿӸģʲôᾧǣĪЦֽǵףȻе˵۾Ҳʼʪ
龰ĪЦܲĵ˼ּŭҲ˹˼Լݣץסļ򣬽еУ㲻Ժӣ㲻ܲҪ
ĪЦԺӵĹĲûижģеΪʲôܣΪұµĺ𣿡
һ仰ôһЩŵĪЦæס졣Ҳ֪Լпܱ¶ԼݣԲûˮȴֹסӿơһĪЦݣӦȥˮӣΪҲΪ˺ӣΪĵı¡
ƿĪЦ֣˻صȻСؿ˳оյı仯ܵĸߣĸ׵ȣ̧СѰοϧĸûհ
ΪʲôܣΪʲôܣѵһҪѵ˵ҾֻһӵĹ𣿡죬ԹСĵؼָ¶ϸҲ֪˵Щʲô
ʱԹޣԹްĺĶԹͼƿ˵ŮԹ޳谮ļԹ޽ξصأҲԹ޹ӶĪЦԹѶĲ
ҲſΪܵĸϴŨҵıˣ¡
ĪЦæߵĵǰСȰҲ˼ҲΪ˱²šֻǱµĺӣҲĺӰ
ĵһȴ̧ͷ˵ȻҲҵĺӣΪʲôҲܾȥΪʲôҪֹң֪Ǳǿȵġ뵽ԼίصӣĿ޵øˡ
ĪЦ̾˿ӴŮԱ٣ǰ޹ø٣һġ֪ĵ᲻ֻۣ޿̵ʱᣬǶӸѹ̫ǿˡ
֪㲢ӣȻѾˣôɱأ
ôܽɱأûгҲǿɲ죬ĳôҲܺɱ
ˣΪͿһ˰ˣһڣѹΪĺӡҪֹС
־ס½󣬵ͷ޵ҲģҲҪҲҪ֪ⷬ˵ĪЦ˵Լ
֪㲻ҪҲɱΪǸĸףܺӵĸ׶ʲô㶼˺Լĺӡ
ֻǿûٱ⣬Ĭȴǡ˵еԥȷûҪӣԲǰҪӣôҲΪԸԼһڣһûܱסӵĽڡ
ǣӵȥȫԼʱȴֺˡǿδεѪԼߣ᳤ĳĺӣһ˰ܶԼ˵Ӧõģûһø֡
خҲɱ㣬ȴΪ˰һУΪӣҲġ㲻ҪŹȥȵ˵ˮºӣһжġĪȰ
ĪЦҺ¡ִӣиµ¡Ҳᰮ
һ뵽ĺͻرԼ龰ٴλѪͻȻԶʧǷһСˣԺأӳ󣬳ԽԽĸף᲻ݶ
һԸԼĸףһΪȨʲôĸףֻ⺢ӽҲԹԹΪʲôҪΪʲôھʹ
£ԼԼĺӣԼĺӻԹԼ
ôܣ㲻ģĸǻᰮԼĺӣҪô˵ϸĸžŮ˺˵ĲͬɡĪЦһЦ˵ĵĵǿǼͯԡ
ĿЦҡҡͷ²ӵĸĸǲ࣬ɲûУôôԣ
ǵģ˵û֪㲻ǡĪЦܿ϶˵޴֮⡣
̧ͷɻؿʵôô϶֪ж𣿡
ǰҲ֪֪ˡĪЦְ̾һһᰮӡخʹҸоõΪ˰Ҫð룬ҲԸˡ
ѵǱҸж˲žңʵغһֱΪĪЦΪ˸ӴһսƷ
СʱҲǵˣһǵҵΪ˾Ҷ¸ҽһУûʲôСĪЦĵ˵
ⲻһûôΰ㲻Ǹ˽Ůˡ૵
ľĪЦ˵Ǻأ˵ǺԼԼһɳڶʮһ͵ִŮѧȴһʱ˱˵һӸϻȥĿĺôڶӾֻĻ䣬
ĪЦû˵˫ַסĵ˫磬ƿԼĻɻؿȴޱ飬ﲻɵһ¡
ĪЦѵΪӣĪЦ;һ˽ŮˣҪô

֪ΪʲôͻȻĪЦͻȻȭĵĸļһʶֻס˸ֲֻȭͷȴͻȻͣסˡ
ٺ١ͷϴһЦ
ĪЦ㡢㡭ıͻı˵
㿴ʵܰĪЦΪԼС⡣
˵ûлУһһỤסԼŭȴףղһĺһȭϡΪһ˵ĺӡ
ĪЦҪģȻôһ£ȴ֪۸ĸףһ߿һСȭͷôĪЦ
æѼϵˮأû¡ʱҲЩڣ¶ԺúӿԼֵӡ
ĪЦЦͷϵֱСȭͷ˦ˡѾ֪ˣҲһһø硣
ĳĬصͷ
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š
Ӧң⺢ɡ
̧ͷ˫۾˵ȴ˵
á


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ûҵ
ر£ĪЦ˵簵ųݳǾͶˣĴѰһֱûϢڵϵͷ̧ȴҲ˿
һеصϡѾˣȴӰҲûҵȷǳˣ
ĪЦ˵İŲҳҲڳѰҲûĪЦ˵䡣Сĵ̧ͷ˵£᲻ҡ
룬ҡҡͷ˵ĪЦ֣ôʧ֣ʧôɾ룺ĪЦԼ˭ʧôϢ
ֽĪȻûдĻݣҲûвڸҲ̫֣ôֻһܡ뵽̷Ը˵ݲһ飬ûϢͽ²顣޾ͲţԼĹϻҲһҪҵˡ
һڻĪЦ˴շĸǱӣôܣǸŮòɣҲܰĪЦԵûͷŮ˿϶Ҷ˵ֻּ
ǱҲһ£ҲʲôֶΡҲϣԼĻģĪЦε֮һ
ºҲû˼ֲۣͣ鰸ϵİʯͣĪЦĪЦǧҪʧĶĶôȲҪ뿪ޣݵ㣬ҫǸͷӣϳޣ˭ܸ㸻ٻ
ڣ̫ҲõʧٵϢԲߡ
̫˵Ҳûҵĸӵ䣿
ҵ̽Ȼ˲٣ȫ˵ĪЦȥ׷飬ȴûϢ
ֲնûпĪЦǰǴ粽¡ǸŮ˻еͣƶ˰һŮ˼ңһӣܵȥ
̫˵ͷ˵ţҲô룬ֻ֪ʲôô󵨣ڱºҵƤӵ°˲
᲻خˡʵ
̫ʵģخ
룬˵򲻵ǲȥġҲ˵뿪خǰѾ۾֮ﲢ乬ֻ˱µĹ⣬ʹخǸؿˣ֣ʺ󡢻ôŹ᣿˽ͨй㹻ųնˡ
ǺǣĵˣǾͲڰڰˡ̫Ц
˵ȷأ
ѣĿҪȻخöࡣ
룬˵خ϶·ɶҲǳԶ֮ƣɶǱµءԸȥˮ
ȥˮ̫˼Ƭ̣Ҳûпܣ˵ȥˮǱؾ֮·㸸׸дŰɡⶨǺصؽ
̫ȻԸ뿪ǵ⣬ֺαֹأʵ
̫ؿһۣ˵նݾҪ
֮أ͵͵̽˵͵͵ʵĳ϶֪飬Ҳ֪費Υ֮٣ԴҶһֻһֻۡ
񣬱ҲŶĶǰ챻׷ɱˣĳµ֡治ףôŮˣΪλҪĶȻˣӦúúñߣһиԶأۺá豾볰Цģ˵˵ȴַء
һĺأĻĲûвⶾ֣һɶĵ״ȴǳġ
СҲû¡㲻õģһˣǸȳخʹһ𡣿ɲ֪Ϊʲôûȥأ͵͵ݣŵˮķȥĪûܵˮ
һֱĵϢԼ˵ǼӣĵΪõӰ졣ʵϣֻǲϵͨ籨ţҲ֪ĵĽ
Ҿ֪ߣôҲֻǰǲġĻһ˿ߣִһ˿
ſڶڵ˵ͷ˵ţӵˮͺˡǳ۱µĵ̣Ҳٰôˡ
裡һŭȣΪôܶŮﲻȱԼԼСĵԽԽˡ
ͷûҽ
ʵҲϣܳɹɣʵƬ̣̲סˡ
һڳĵضﴫһ̾ôף˽նԶķӡ񲻸ҶκαֻһȽĴ
УǸı²ҲǴ¿ҿҪáţȻûвá
ǺǣδؾǿסˣĶӦøһ̾
ȷЩףǿסġ
ĺӴûУͻȻеʵ
ûСΪʲôҪ
Ůˣ⺢ôһ֪軹ġ
ΪʲôخĶӲҲˣòԼԾúί
⺢ôܺͼȣĶĺϷ½֪ʵ˭ܲϼخĻӣӵĸȴخĵˣǿĶӣԲ˳Ȼ
ĻºͺʲôϵΪʲôȥͷضҪͷһδĺأ㲻̫𣿡
ⲻΪ˳ͷΪĶĸӡ룬ĶӵˮҲûʲôѿͶһŮӣӣ˵Թޣһûӣôϲӣ⺢ܶĶǶںǣһĥοǻţȻΪĳЩ˵ͷޣε׷ɱһΡҲŮΪӽ¼ԣΪĽ
ҧҧ촽֪˵еӶĵȷҲкôǣ֪Ӳأô⴦أһûгĺѵһ
裬ҴĶһҪӡߴٵ
Ҳȥϵؾܾˡ
ΪʲôֲֻҪԶ֣㲻Ϊѡ
ߣҲûоΪѣֻǲΪס
㡢ôףˣУһӶݺݵصס衣ⲢҪĶɱԼĺӣ⺢ҲһҪ
ҪҪҪͲҪⲻǻǸӣĺӡǲף˵ΪػԼĺӿһУΪʲôڶӾͲԣΪûҪ𣿿ҵҲûҪңҲûɱҰ
һ£׵İ̲ס̧ͷ룺Х磬ѹǰ˵ͷۡ
ҲŲǲһ¡ĶԼҪӣҲҸҪ˵Լȥ˵Ҫȥˡ׼뿪ء
룺ҲգҪĶĲҲҶ˵˷裬ҲƲ
ֳ̾һ˵裬һȡҴҪһæ
Ҫʲô
ǺǣǴֻЩĶİΣǸĪЦ쳣ģҲ϶Ķ϶ᱣĶһ㵽߹һˣĶʱΣ㾡ܰһѡ
˵һǵһǣô˵ﲻΪ𣿡ϴβʱĳѾĶ޹κĶǣ
ֻЩûôס裬ҲҪȥðգ¹شͲҪ֣һҪȱ֤ԼİΣ³
̲ס֪ˣҲûôأ


ʮ һ

ĵҡڣһֻ§סСˤȥһµʱ䣬ǳ˲٣ԹԵؿĸã۾ĸ΢΢¡С
ܵ˵Ҳ˺öࡣ
һֻԴЦʱ֪ˡ
֪ܻܵҪȺóʱŻھ͵ܵһ棬־סĸ׵·˵õܵܳ档
СɵϡЦˣСһŻ׵ܵʲô˼ֻǵһ
Լ¡ĸȻҲЩЩӦĪЦûкڹ̥ı仯ȻڵĸҲ졣⺢ӵȻʹ࣬ͼһԼĹѪҲһ
ͣסˣĪЦƿ˵ǰǰˣ³ɡ
ȥˮ뾭أֱͨ뺡ĪЦ뿪ʱڲִ٣ûлõͨ뺡ƽʱĪЦƾԼ͢ͳǿгأȴðգ˭֪ûиعش¹ּολ󽫻ҵˡ
˼ĪЦأǴĸС·ɽԽ߾ĵĻ˵ͽ͵ɳΪɽ·խн㲻ˣĪЦӶֻƥǰĵ·Ȼ᫣ܱӲҪЩ
ĪЦٲĽһֱɽ֮вҰޣܻѲʿıżϣ
ĪЦǣһͣˣڵϸ۲죬̱üͷæʵôˣ
ӡֹһˡӡµġ
ǺһҪ͵ɵ𣿡
ǰɡʵĪЦѲľʿΪӡԱ߻ЬӡǾѥµġһ
ϣĪЦַӡ˵Ľӡɻˡѡĳ·ӵĸڽԶżʿѲ鲢֣ɲͬ·϶ʿѲЩˡ
͵ˮ֮ʱûзսµĿܣͻȻǿ߾ѲߣֻΪ˷ʲôˡˣԼ
ĪЦѵõЩšƾһ˵ӦҲû⣬Ӧһ֧Ӿеˣοһ޸֮ĸӡؽǱˣĿܾץؾ˵ĿǱڡ
ĪЦ߽һѾĴ㡣
ʲôˣվסġʿﴩ˳ĪЦΧסܿ죬ߡ˸˹
Ϊ˲ǱڵĵˣĪЦƥҲˣ뵽Ӳ㣬Сǳʱɽ·϶Уֻüǣ΢˻һڸѲʿ˳
ĪЦûлţסվסˡȴ򶨣ס˼ŵؿŶ֡
ʲôˣʲôͷľʿʵ˿һڣŮЩ㲣òеͨƲһԷ޳ڳﲢϡ棬ɳͷǳŹ֡
ĪЦóƻ˻Σ˵йҪȥˮλСЩʿ򲻵ˣýһŭ¡
λٽӹĪЦƿ˿ɫ䣬æߵĪЦǰʵ˼ҪĹ񣬺βӺȹسأĪЦΣɻȴˡ
Ϊֻܴ
֪˰쵽ʲô£
²ܴġĪЦװصӣִЩλߵİ
ߣܰصģĻЩʿλٹȻ︹̣ҲҾʹ˷ĪЦͨУ˵й¹ٵõǲκ˴뿪ԻȵЪϢ¹ٺᡣ
ĪЦһü˵˵ְҲ񡣿Ƿ˱µּʱȣҪ˱µĲ£ֻ¶
Ǿһսλ˿ǹ͢ĸͳ죬ǻʵ۽ǰˣǱ½ʲôҪĲ£ԼɵΡǡ
¹پԲǴķܴˣ⽫µľΥ¹Ҳ·һǾٿЦϵǼװ
ŶѵǱ߹ʲô飬ô⽫˽ţ
˵иʮĴܵ˱߹أ˵пܻ͵͵Ǳ뵤ˮҪǼӽѲ飬ɵϱȻ¹پǻɴˡǾҲС˵
ϵĽŵöҪȥˣǿŵĮı飬ĪЦҡĪЦа취Ӧġ
ĪЦ룬˵ɣ⽫Ҳˣ˽ͨδáҾڴ˴Ⱥ򡣡ͻΧĻᣬȥⶨĵϣܲѷˡ
ǾҲûбİ취ͼǿοһƷ͵ͳ졣ֻ˻ȥԱߵȺ򣬰Χ͵ȻǲˣҲѯʲôˡ
ĪЦҲǣͷģû˵Ҫһҳ֣ǰܡ
УҪһߡ
ţǵȻһߣֻͰҵֽţһ˷׵֡㲻ҪģҳȥȻȥѰ㡣ĪЦЦŰο
ҲĪЦ书ôãԽûмɻԽܷǵ˵ͷ
һĪЦϸֻƥһ˶࣬Ǿζ׶༪٣٣Ǿ˵ⶨ˺Ƥ
ĹȻֻˣһǸղŻȥʿһȴⶨߵĸ١ǸⶨؾʥϵĪЦæ
˽͵ΪĪЦ⣬ͻȻɣⶨΪ߹ؽְأĪһĸǰȷϡ
⽫ĽӦõģֻҷּ鲻͸¶λ⽫͡
ĪЦ˲ؿֻҪȷǴˣ̷СλȻҲǵз˵ɡ
ʺ⽫ҰºٵлĪЦҲ˵껰ӶȻѾⶨһأҲûʲôҪܻˡ
ľ˶ѾʧӰˣĲŷ˵ղˣΪǻӵץҵ벻ȴô׾ͷˡǹٴһѹˣϸûּǾȻҲ㡣
ΪҵȷµּǱЩͨľʿ֪飬Ϊ߹ؽ֪ġ
ҪһЩһҪóּأ
µּⲢһǰֽ֣˵ȻּȻ˭뿴ܿġԸȥʱ¡
ǰ˭֪ǻʵεˣ˭һڼٴʥּɣ󵨵ȡЦĪЦ
ҿûмٴʥּµȷ¹ּҪұ㡣
ĵĺʱʧһ룬Ϊ֪ĪЦ˵⻰ȫΪ˵Ц϶Լôǳڶصġ
׷ˣ㻹ô𣿡ܵӰıԹ
ҪģعشҵˣҲ֪ôΪһǻбľٴ롣
ҵˣǸӦ÷ߣ
ţҲôġֻн뵤ˮǲȫˡĪЦһ˵һͣ㡣
û˵Ϊһʡնݳ˿̣첻ƥܵٿЩһЩܽˮĹ

ʮ սֱ

ĪЦһѿӵִܸ˲٣ܵĿøůĵЩ̡ⲻǵһҰ¶ޣһΣΪĪЦѾͷ
ľҪȥ𣿡ʵ
ţѾ̫ˣٲȥ¿϶ġְأ˽ǱôҲ޶á㲻õģһȷ㰲ȫŻ뿪
Щ˵ҿɲǵᶪҲܣǵȥᵹùЩʿҳأû취ұˡ
ĪЦһЦ˵ҿûҪ£Ҳ
㻹ȥͶ
Υʥ⣬Եؾô˵ͶĪЦü
ֻ֪ǺİһΣ뱳ұ¡ǣҹ˵Ļ̫˽ˣϣߵΨһεоһǺġҲʮˣӦñҸΪˡ
ĪЦȴر绤²խֻΪһ֮˶²òСġ¾ԲỳҵģǲȥǵҪñʧˡ
ңΪڱλߣôܹܲأʹڲͷ㣬ԺҲˡĶĪЦĹִǳŭΪʲôͲأ
ڵˮĪЦȵؿġ
ԣԺһ𡭡ĵ΢΢һ죬ҲǷǵúһƾı£ڵˮһҲһҵĪЦΪԼ
ĪЦȴҡҡͷˣôЧ
㡭Ŀһ壬ңĪЦִֻÿЦҲ֪ѸıĪЦ뷨ֻվ˵ˣҲǿʲôԼŰɡȥϢˡ
߻ֻĪЦһڻԡЩľȻؿĻ棬ߴ֦յž
ǲĵĵǣҲһ˼ң£ֻΪӵְ𣬻Ϊȹ
Ǹյخĵһ꣬׵ܲخٵ裬Էӵ˺̹ǵĺˮСΧ۵˻ֻܱûԸĺˮӲֱѶˮｫ˳лôꡣ
ʱҲˮֱµؽͰ͵ضĪЦ˵һһҪǿҲΪخһǿĹңʱǱĹҲ۸һͨա
֪ͬߵغĪЦҲ÷ŶģԼӴھŻӣԸһŬøΪǿʢڣŸոտʼºͼδչ֮δôʳأ
ڶ죬ĪЦĸһֱߵٵԣ̿͵ıؾ֮·һʱĹ۲֣ĪЦҵһ֧ԸæĸӴе̶ӡ
̶ӵĴͷ˵֮ĪЦĸǣҪļҪżһ·ߵһ˿üĵطкöﻰҪĪЦ˵
ĪЦһӵĻȳľȻᡣЩԼĪЦӡ
ģ̶˶ܿɿƽ͵ġ·϶ģ˵ܸһЩý飬ԺЩ
ţ֪һᱣԼģҲôˡһ˵һĨᣬֻǸ˵Ļ㲻ҪԼѴҲԼ뷨Ҳ²⣬ҡ
ֵıŤĻںޡ֪ҪĪЦ룬֪ʱӦúúϧǰÿһʱ䣬ӦúúøлĪЦΪԼһУȴΪԼĲΪӰѵԼĪЦµһӡһ֪л֪Ů
ʲôĪЦľЭǿԼĹңĪЦСе룬˵ʲôǾǲӦΪ˾Լŭʵۣʧȥʵ۵ΣʵܸԶԼܸĶĶࡣ
ûй㣬֪ҲΪ룬ʼĳӣΪԼ¾֮ززǿɲǴɷо
ֻ֪֪ǲ㡭ߡǵһԸⲻƸ˵ĵʧͰΣȫȫΪ롣ⲻֻһǷݶ飬һɵ¶ϣ
Ҫˣʱѣֲ𡣡Ī⳰ЦԼҲǳģڿͬ
ʱԺǻټ𣿡
ģпһġĪЦ˵⻰ǵͬĸദӡʱԼ·Я޴ɽˮһ㣬ûƷġ
ģӦ˿һҪдЦ
šĵЦģĪЦ̲ס̧֣ȥϵˮָոļȴֻҵ˻ȥôЦݲġ
ĽץסĪЦĸ첲ջȥ
˵ˣʱһѾǸˣкܶǮȥˮõľƼҳԷԼ֪߶ЩʲôֻĪЦסһ
͵ڸ𣿡·ļʵ
ĵĺﾹȱմŭҪ£ĪЦúܿ죬֣Դ˵ǸӺԺҪչ˺װ
š˵ͷ
ˣȥɣҪ˵ȾˡĪЦȰѷҲǵһϣѹ˳Ӣ̣Ů鳤
ߡһ̬ȼ֪ڿԼԼ߲·
ãߡĪЦҲܼӵþˣԼ᲻ˡ
ĪЦԥشǰȥͷҲأѾֹͣˮ
ȥĸ׻ʵ
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ĲĪЦӰոʧ֮عͷϵˮ̶ͣĵطȥܿҪеˣʹûĪЦҲһܹúҸ
Ѿ𣿡
ǰ洫˵ľȵ̧ͷǰ治֪ʱһӡֻһɫ·ˣĸߴòãﻹһѵ
˭ЩţѾȳö࣬ôûȷ֣ҲΪղһֱĪЦԵʡ
˲Ҫᣬ̶ӵĻϰòּŸ·ǰЦЦ鼫ΪȻ
ŶĪЦ̶ӵ֣Ϊżķᣬǵ̶ǷһˣòƭӻˣһٵԶҲûôˡ
˼Ǿõˣ鷳λҹȥǸ⣬ԼЩСʧĪЦֱȻѹҪġ
˲صģ߾ˣϰ岻ᶪǵġǻЦúˬ죬ĵҲź
ĲúܴߵȻܿ죬ȻҪСܵķʽŸϡﲻֻĪЦĪЦǻߵЩͷˡ
λ磬ûߴ·ɣôﰡһӣľЩԾ
ûߵС·Ͼܸϵ̶ǰˡͷҲصǰߡ
һȣҲˡͣ
ˣǲ߿Щ˿ɾͲðˡڻعͷһԹ
㵽˭ıϸع۲һ£·ӲǴ³ˣһݵĽ
˭̶ӵĻüΪĵɶϽŵıһֱûзɣأüͷɿˡ
Ů̫ƯδǼ£̫ҲδǼ¡˵ǲǰշˡ
Ļ¶͸ˡĪЦ̶ӵ˵Ƕˣû˵շˡ


ʮ һ

⽫ˣĻڵˮϳңܿ뵽Ǹر߹ص⽫ңʲô˻ѡʱ䡢ص׷
ͷûлشƺڳЦĵĺҲ²⡣ȷ⽫ˣΪصؽⶨԶˡῪڳԼݣΪĲһֵʷĺ¡
һǡ߾ʱǾϳңǲҺĪЦͻΪǵΪҲΥǱµʥ⡣Ǿ͹ǣȻ͵͵ں棬ĪЦ˲ŸҳĵͷͻȻúѣϧЩĪЦѾԶˣٻ
Ǻǣ׷Щ𣿡ⶨԶûгҲûзϣΪ𰸵Ĵ񶼲ģĿֻһɱĸӣǴݴƶҵȨˡ̫
ʣλεĵЩһҫۡĵÿһë׶ڽŵŵŨɱ⴫͵Ĵ֮ҹҪǿҵΣа̼þҪǻ
ΪʲôһҪɱңΪʲôҪˮҸȨΪʲôϷŹңıһβûбŵۿ޽У§ĸ׵Ĳӣһԡ
Ҫ־ҪԼðɡⶨԶ¶һ˿̡Ϊһ󽫣ְɱбԸһ޷֮ŮӲԸΪҵһԱЩ²ҵġ
ЦֻҪǾð۵˾õˣΪҲҲǱȵù飬ǵˮֻҪһ̶ӵ˾ͻߣҲŵˮĹɱˡ
ⶨԶȴЦΪҸղ˵ĶǼٵΪЩˮ˻ԭص㣿
⻰ʲô˼ǴӦ˻ңǻǮĿ϶ߵĲ·ԶֻҪͷܱ߽УӦûᾪ̶ӡ
ûǴ㣬ҸղŸļˣ㣬ҪˡȻҲҵǮǲңΪǲԸⶨԶذ˰ڵĹâյĵϡ
ñɡĵһֱµ䣬סˡ
СģұǴԶЩ£ɼȻ㲻Ը⣬ǾһаɡⶨԶ˵úɣϵɫȴǳ֣أŮ˵ϵҵǰ̣δ
ڽһȻĸ׺˵ʲô˵ɫҲʶвõҪˡ
һлһĵĴԣֻҪǰѵϻҪʹûٳⶨԶıɺͲ̣ҲûתܣͨһڵأֻɱҶĺӲǰģɱɡ㣬ŹҶӰɣûκιϵҲܷңôС
ĵֳˣĲΪұֻȥҲкӰɣ㴦ҵĴҲһôİɡʵʹ㲻ɱҲδܻ뿪ӣϾôС߰ɣ
Ҫĸ׵ӻš
ⶨԶҲжŮղŻڵûоõ⣬ӿһϧֻϧĶŮһҲ⡣
ĺݣֻŹĺӣͿܻҵĺӡ뵽еĶŮⶨԶûԥ
ĻڵϣĵԼԼ˵ҲܹӦܣȥܡַԼܳȥһֻլԺŮӣôܵùˣ
ߣûáһЦ𣬵ȴϲһ񣡡
ʲôˣⶨԶҲһĵûиı䷽
һɫӰͻȻ֮䣬ɫĶ̽ɿظ鿪ⶨԶıĵߡ
Ȼԭأһĸо˶ֻģ⵽ھŪ
ǸɫӰеĶ̽һٷ裬Ŀ˵ĳ֪࣬˲ǲ񣬲ֹ·ɫͬΪһŮӣһȡҲŮӡ
һİŮӣİŮȴһϤĸоһ
ⶨԶﰵԳԾͻȻŮ书ǳǿԼɱڵͷȻǲʵˣֻϣĲ޹ֻǴ·ƽôҲ
λ֣ͣлҪ˵ⶨԶһԣ˱
ʲôϻ˵ŮҲûгû׷ɱͬ˫վһԣȴվĵǰ
ⶨԶһ㶣ſŮӾȻҲǳᣬʮӣĲ࣬ɢһɣѾһѹµĲɣȥΪഺá
ǺǣǲˣŮҼ˵檣׼ؽ˴ãⶨԶŮᣬҲĺ֮ˣԼɱĸӣ˵ֻҪץʱ֡
Ůܲǰĸӵ裬ȻᱻⶨԶĻƭҲȦӣһ˵ȻǷϻΪɢŮ˺⺢Ҷȶˣб½ұҪˡ
ⶨԶɫ䣬벻ŮӾȻ֪ĵݣһҶԱ²𡣡ǡ˭ˣҵģĸҲѵı·ǱˣĻ˭خǵˮ
˭˶ǡ˶ǣô˭أԳԵЦˡ
ⶨԶĻȴ׵ģŮӺͲһҲǺһԱ²ԭΪͬԮ֣Ҫԡͽгͷȴᵽ˲ζûܣ֪Ϣ
ﲻϰ𣿺ѿɱǵĵ˸氡һࡢѹŮˣܴʲôô
ⶨԶԼۣûκδѾľˣֻǰѼ§øЩȴ裬۴ڿһ
Ƿϻ߰ͷҾߵģ㲻ҪΪҵĶ֡ڹԹԻغأҲΪ㣬ǵ⣬ͱҲˡҸղſɻûʹȫ
й涨򲻵Ѳʹ÷Ҳһٶ裬ܱסĸӵͺãҪˣܵ񷣡
ⶨԶȻһԱĳս㲻һλָ֣οԵʵǺĸ֡ⶨԶ룬ԼȷʵĶ֣ݴǿ϶ɲ˵ģֺοΪ˴Լ
ϲǹĶֺ֣õȻͲˡ˿ģ˵ʹԶЩԶҪٻ˲ġ
ģԶҲٻȥˣһ˵ĵط˵Ҳת̫󣬲Ҫ̧̫ͷⶨԶ˵ǰҳ˵죬ҪġΪ˱סԼҵٻк޹һ죬һжᱨӦϣǣҲǵ
ⶨԶ۾ȻЩ£æ蹰֣ٵʧС


ʮ 

ⶨԶ뿪һΣѶ̽Ȼʧˡعͷģʱվ黹Щ㱣ȥĶϧ費ۺĵ⸱ģֻᡣ
ߣղŻ¹أھȻҲвˡΪƾ㱾¾ܰ⵹ң
׼ʾл⣬û뵽边Ȼе⣬һʱסˣһ˵ҲвǣԲвԱУ˼Ȼûǣѹˣһᷴǵġ
ߣû͵˲Żᱻѹôܷأֻŵ¡ǰȻҲûãٲҲ򲻹Ӧ֪ûзĻ˰ɡҪǵԹĻ¹𣿡ĵڻ
ЩΣŮ뷨Լȫһ·͵ĶǰհᣬҲֻǲЦʱжϣĵˡ
ϢļͻȻָеɷɣɷɡ
˵ʲôͷˮ
Ŷ˵ղͻȻǷɹġĶ̫ˣֲĽ͵
֣˵ղǿ㲻ǷɣĻɷɡȻѾ˰˰꣬ľƸӣױļĻϲԼʲôס
Ҳɷɡ
۾ģô֪Ҳɰ
˵ṦķɡĽ͵輧еĵĪЦǼ
УôǷɣС벻ýһɷɰϷŶɲһᲢۡ
ϲϷĪЦɷɡôʣȻ˵ͷſ˫֡
Ļؾܾ裬㷢ֻһգѾ̲סһַǰһΣżˡ
Ĵ˼ȴֻ紵ҶĻشö˶ţ꾫𰡣ȻżֱûΣգοҲûֻ֣ԭصȴ
һЦֳĵǰ˫ָ߸߾ͬЦúܿġ
ɡǽʵȻǶԼġ
ϼŴĪЦദʱĳӣ׻ҪذڼĪЦˡ
ӣôܣСȻҿ㣬ߣٴһΣ
һȣȰѼ˻ǻж⣬ֻǾöӻǱԼġɫʼˣҸطЪϢɡ
֪ǲǱŵˣϵĸ׽еǶǶ
˾鷳Сֹ
ûгûпջҲû·̶ӣֹֻ¶޵ϤĻǰŵȴءɿĪЦǻúö衣ĪЦѾ㹻ĸԵĵģСһĸ׻Ե㡣
ͷôˣһͷȵطķɫںڱΪףڻҫ£۵Ĺâ
ʲôֵģҿߣҲǣϲѷɫøһԭëɫÿ𣿡ԼҲһģȻѾȵⶫǺóԡ
ЩΣĺֻв񣬲ȻһֻȴԺڷʾˡԼûаԼ࣬ô뵽ɫ⡣
Բһʱˡȷʵܺÿ˵̬Щмȴе̹ȻطѾ˼ȥɡ
ǵȻҿһ޶ҲҵëɫƯܵ⣬ĻҲάӶ࣬û޹Ķ
æ𣿡Ѿ֪˲ίвΪȸмЩ֡ΪʲôԼأѵԼѾʧˣټԼˣ
ɫֱˣǵĲмǷŭޣ㻹˼ʣΪ㣬䵽ڵĵز𣿡
˵ʲôôˣ
ںڶһģ˵ж˵ֻܶԼ˵˵æƫƫǹ㣬Ҫǵ̲סܳ㣬ҲŲ¡޺޵ȴ۾æСЦٺ٣㲻˵㣬һᱣСġ
ĺܲΪΪбҪûչȴû뵽Ϊ޲޷ΪʲôҪΪûĻЩҲ̫˰ɣ
治֪Ϊʲô𣿡ĺ֪ӣӷŭֵ
ҡҡͷŭȫȻ˲Ķ񵹶һ㽫֪鶼˵˳˵һֱΪĪЦƵȴ벻ȻǲֽšôڰԿѹֻܵôĳͷ
ǰֻһ֪ĺȻмûӲԼѭҲûаǿκ׽ѡڲ֪һֱĬĬعעӳخӳûԼѾ˺üˡ
ôôôù棬ЩѹЩھΣΪԼûƽȵĸԴ
ߣҲɵôһôҲûУĹأŮǲǻͫ飬ֻ¾ͲôˡԳͷԹŭ龰ֱŷĵԹޣ˵ȫ㣡ʵּ񲻻ᱻͷǲҲᱻϳƫƫҪЩĪôҶǣ㵽ںʲô
ɫһȻԲΪԼǣһ¸еھΣȴΪԼһԸԼ˱ƿأûдΪ˶ŬҲûдԻصȥԸѡ񲻽ܲİԲѡ
Ϊһе𣿡
˭
񱻹ΪңұңҲ֪˶һô˵ҲּһЦŮΪ˵˼䲻ĻҪʧȫ°յ㲻ܹ𣿾㼧ʲô񹲷ߵĻ£ƾʲôҪĻ£ǲǵĶʲôĺӦҲԸתİɣȻһʼͲԸҪӱʲô˵һҪһףǲңŮ
㡢ôĵôΪȣѾΪĺȴҲҶŮﲻǷҲҡ
˵ͻȻ˵ڵȥĻһˣͼˡѡĹϵݺҳˣװܻļҵǺջˮһԹҲûУеܹ١ܽ𣿡
һ£
һҪĲЩ𣿡
վɫ˵֪Ⲣһͬȥһȥġ
Ϊʲôһ㶣ôϲ裬Ҳ槼ն
ΪֻҪŮͻϳǰٸǲԺǾͲ壬壬Ⱥζʲô治ΪʲôҪ˿𣬻ΪȺºͣΪʲôҪ





ʮ 

ߣȻ˸еҲΪʲôǲȥƫҪСų˽ȥأĲĻп϶è塣
ΪʲôΪֻһɹٳΪΪΣΪһңǺôᱻΪأ۱Ĺâ
ĵĵһӦǶռңﻹվɽʲôͿԸѣ漴ͷԼˡ˵ĲһңĶһҡ
Ķһң˵Ĳֻ֪࣬ĶĸһֻɹٵĸһͨķˡĶĸƺȴԸһΪǧڵŮĸףȴ֪ʲôôȥġ
ĶĸĹ£ĲûкģֻһֱûаԼĶǶʷ˵ֻǱ˵Ĺ£ȻԸҲͲ᲻ʶȤϹûĶĸĸʲôԹֻΪ¶ĵԵĶİݡ
⻰ʲô˼ǰ𣿡˵⻰ͬʱ˵Ļ˵ǱΪ壬Ǳ˳Ϊˮ˺Ķĸĸʲô
ȴһ˿ԥȻûⶣһںڲҲѾΪ𣬸ղһʱ˵˳Ķתǰľȫ޼䣬ҪҪ˵أ
ѵ˵ʵ֪飿Ĺ˵־𼤽ĺ
˭˵Ҳ֪飿Ȼط뷴ǰĶҲ֪ЩٸһҲΥ档ǺŮµĵ󽫣׷ﾭܶսǧǰ˽ĴսΪսԺգټǺ츳ȫ嶼ܵ⣬Ϊ塣
ǻȺս𣿱ΪӦòֹɡ轾ģ̲ס˵ⲻ˼ķַѣͺ츳ûʲôϵ
㶮ʲôȺֻܷй͵࣬ʣµȻ壬ֻǵǵԶɽٳɹ󣬱ԵõɽϿɣΪ塣Ǻӵ֮ձ壬ɽʱҲʵףǶҫǷҫĽ
ϧҫĸ׻ˣΪһֻȻȥ۹١òɲ֮ȡľԪΪⱾǺԣΪʲôһҪȥأǿŮ˽̡ǣ˵ʲôҲ뿪ǸˣŮŭϳĸĸ嶼Ϊ塣
ĶĸĸǴ˵ǰ´ҵĵ۹ٺͺŮĺܾȣ벻ĶĸĸȻԺյݡ
Ķ𣿲˵ûǡĸױǺ岻ɶõţΪʲôԸŭҲԸһأӷŭתΪɻüͷ˳˼
Ҳڳ˼ԭΪɱΪ϶ǺŮĽƻµ۹˥ܣ񡶷槼Ӷı˶ԺĿȴԭŮﲻֻ˵۹Ϊ壬ĶĸĸΪ干ϵĻˮ
ġ˵ҵĸ׺͸׵ʲôΪʲôǲϷֿһҪܵϳͣĿɲź١ٳںĵ˵֮ûмİ飬ôԸðΣա
˺ôһ𣿾ҲСɽϱΥ⣬֪ѣȴȻʣȻҪܷοǻ㡭ֹһ䣬ĵԵ
ĺܲˣȻǰĶһˣҲϲ˽ΪѪͳŮûѡĸĻᣬĸµĴŮθɣ˵ĶĸĸĴûŮּѣڵơ
⣿úΪɵŮúΪҲŮֻҪ⣬ҵĸĸһ𡣺ٺ٣˵˵ȥⲻŮԸΪҵĸĸ˻Ҳòת
ǿ飬ԸȻ⡣㡢ôܶﲻǵˮҲСЩŵСֹȻϲĶȴҲϣ˶顣
Ц˵񣬻ܴĺôĪŮӦָݣ
԰ǺĻᣬȻֻҧ֮ͬȥΪѾɹ٣Ա淨Ϊһĸ׽ĻᣬôӦ
˵Ϊĸ׽񲻻Ӧȥ
ţĸǰиȻȥðաɲΪϲ㣬ֻǲԸӱΡЩز
ĸ׹ϵܺ𣿡ĲҲ͸оһְѱĸ飬ᵽĶĸȴǴŻ
ôǵãʱҲֻ꣬ǵ곤඼Щ׵Ķ׼š֪ΪʲôΪһҹ֣֮˶ǡӡʵĺѾǵúܶˣȷĶĸ֮ľֻԶҲԶټǾһƳò
ҲӰ쵽ģ֮˶˳Ĭ
裬ңԸת𣿡˵ô࣬ĿǸˬĺʹĶЩƣҲڱʵĿΪĳЩĿĶķǣ˵ĻȲΡ
֮ǰ㲻Ǻ⣬Ȱ֮ͬˡҪ治Ը⣬˭Ҳûбֻ֮ߣҪ㣬ŲҪˡȰ˵أôĸŮ
˵ʱЩ㣬˵Ĳʺ˵ģֻġȰ˵֮֮飬вյĳɷָЩΪҲ˵չĶֻǳζϲ
ĶܵѹûĸͬܣȻͬ鵫ѹ֪Ķһ˼ΪҲΪŮּͺԹԣһĶҲȻһϣԼƿ˵ĺ
ĵͻȻΣҲΪҵĸĸʲôమӣκ˴˺ЩνֻŮԼĺö񣬺ܵѸҸĸ޹أкιأ
㡭
ǸֻΪץסָݵĻᣬҶԼתǰ޼䣬ڵֻһͨŮˣһԼĺӺúûȥŮˡŮҸĸ֮ĶԹŮ뼧֮ĶԹҶ롣һС¡ҳеεˣΪԼķʽȥҪġ
ĵĻƶǶȻͬǲǵãĶָҫĺҲǴкôôͲأ
̾һ˵ȻôѵõĻᣬԸķˣñȥмǧʷôֻĶһأ
ɫͻȻúѿǰɽٳɹǰѾŮߵ̣ô£ֻɽٳɹ⻹ǿĸµǧڵΪֻ𱰵ĲͬʧȥݣٵѶȶȻ඼ûӦ仯Ҫô˶УҪôҵ
ϣ̧ͷĸףˡ
ȥᣬЦЦ˼ˡ
룬ͻȻҲ
һޣֹԸ׵Ļ䣬ٴȻؿһһСˣҲɵӿ˶˵ĻæӣѾܾû𶡻ݡǲѾȫΪˡ





ʮ ·

޵òˣĳǸ˵Բ𣬶£ҺźȻһֱԼĲûйϵվҲĶһҵԹޡ
Ϊû䣬û뵽ȴҡҡͷ˵ɽٱǾһ£ҵҲȫǡֻǺ٣˲и֣ٳȥǱתΪ˱ĸףҲΪȺ롣
ҧҧ촽ΪԺȱУδҪΪ˺ԼĻɵЩԼǲ̫˽ˣǲ̫ûθˡǣĲԸⰡĻļ⺢ӿſž˯ˡ
ͻȻһ㲻ú˼룬ΪӦ˲ģɲЮ󱨣خڻȥҲûˣŮѾˡ˼ʧˡ
һ㶣룺ôȻŮļԱˡΪȴʼղϷŹ·ŮӣѵΪƿأĵʱȼŭ
貢ûע⵽ĵ˼ڶȺδĵУٹҲҪɽˣɽ磬һҪпŮǲϣˡ
Ŀ˿裬ŮᣬҲЩ߰Щ棬ȴһĳҲܵˮһϲˡ
ҾϣŮϣ취УȻҲԿжɹ٣Ҳһԡľ˵ԼĿô˵ǲŮֻǾðѽԼЩλ˼ʵڱ޳˭֪һֻʲôɽΪ塣
ûٳڳĶ鲻𣬶ǳĬţĵĻһһǳûеķ

ڶ죬ĸڹٵԣϣҵɿ̶ӰǴΪЧŮĺ壬費ڵˮ̫á
ǵ̫ã˺ܾöûܵȵһ̶֧ӡȱԵ輱ֻľһֻ
ˣ˵ôΪ壬÷ԶĶĪЦֻľԱĪЦԶˣûϸ۲˵˳ȥ
ֻôżȥҺֺģ˻Ҳõġ
ٵĲʲô̶ӣֻһ⳵ǰһ԰׵ͷһʮ꣬ţ滹ʲôˡ
ιվסǲ̶ӣ嵽⳵ǰһҲһ㾯ҲûУͷѾĺɫ˫Ҳ˳
⳵ߵò죬ôһţ̾ͣסˡϵһһٿ跢һȻһү򡢴ٰ
ޣʲôö˿ûвԼ˫ڹٵϵʲô֮ǮһôҲûУɫһһҲﲻҪ
һ̽סͷü˿裬ֿ˿ĸӣȻһֻԴЦźӴٵ𣿡
гʹĵطֹҲûŽ·İ
Ǵӵİɡ̶ȥﰡڳʵ
Լʮ塢㲻ϿҲһ˲ţжеţִ˼˵ѡֻ˳ǰ˼ʩ˸ȻЦǾ⼸ˣ㲻̶ӣµȷǾ̵ģ׼ȥǡ֪﻽סкιɰ
˳ͷ˵ǻˡ
ƲƲ˵ҼүµһˡֵǣȴЦ˵ЦүˡԱߵҲһ࣬·ǸµһˡĳƺǸһ㡣
ЩЦͲȼֱһͨĺӡҲܴϸܵһƽ͵ϢĪЦ˸е
µһˣλҲҪȥǣûһȥɣȵ˾Ǳл˫⣬·ҪĶ̽
ЩЦⷬȫȻѧĪЦ͸ˡֻǣĪЦȷ̶һǮΪлֻ֪˵л˭
ӣЩؿġ
һ˴źӣʵǲ·λӰæҴǾͺã·ϵķҿԼ
Ȼ׹ݣȻǸòŮӣϿȴ󷽣ټһÿɰļľܾ˻ҡ˿ԼүҲ¶ɫү뾩ǺԶĸôߵõ
Ǵĳֲ¡ӵĳɱʾ߿
ӿЦץץͷ˵ҲǲԸæΪλ˵룬ûŮ졣ȥ·;ңԶ˶ԴȷʵΣգҵΪˣһͬ·޲ɡ
ԭӵĺûи˵ܼϡ٣ԼҲǷɫ֮ˣһŮô뵽ͬ·أϧ벻ǸûŮܲ׵ĸϰŮƽȵ˼룬ֻҪȷӶǻˣҲûʲôµġ
æͷţ㲻õģҼүµһˡ
Сӣַү
ү˵Ļ
֧ȫʱȻûŮӵּɻ䣬еŤĸо˳үĶԻΪȴֳż˵ܰıŤһɨա
̫ˣӦˣϳ˷ܵر嵽ǰĳƿѼ˳
ôһ֣ĵҲÿ͵͵ЦţҲߵ˳ԡչЩ˼ߵʱ΢΢ʩ˸Цлӡ
һЦ̬Ӳɵһ㶣Աߵĳףүˡ
ͷϴһ£аԹԼôһ޴ף˵֮ͣ˲ؿϳ
ϳҲ׼ϳɿ˿Ǹĸ׺׵ĺӣͻȻԼʳУֻתԭȳĵط
үôﰡ
ûػشүҺףү帣ɡ
ϲ̵׼ϳǰȴ̽СԴڳǰվڳеϳ
һᣬּ˱˵Ҫ԰ҪˣԺп㡣
裬ԺпһҪǣвԸĻİѼػ
ƲƲ죬ԼԵνҿɲһпա
⳵ıΪȺʧȥĪЦƲֵļȴǳ˶δĳﰵֹСŮǿн㣬Ůǿֹн㣬⵽ʲôݰ





ʮһ ٺ

һ죬ı»ʶ
ٺ⣬곣ף߸׼ҵϹܼҡٺĸǵˮĳسǵΨһĶӰٰ۰־ҫ档ϧٺȤ󣬸һǰĸȥ󣬱պѡɽˮ;
׳˵µһ˲ں˵ٺΪ˺ˬϲ򱧲ƽҾԣѵӦ˽ύ˲ѣȴҲĲ֮ˣ̶꣬㽫ƵļҲܸ⡣
׼˥ܺЩ̲Ӱٺܴ˴ҲżнʣļĶعӣɴǲɢ͡ûм˵ϹܼҺСף㵽ĵľǵ̶ա
ѡ񾩳ǣһΪԽ𱦵أǿԶ縸ϡˮȻ̣˵ĵλԶԶȲˣ˾Ȼһ̫ʵ¡
ٺôˬҲǰԼ£Щ¶Ǵӳй¶ġ˽ͷʱٺȣһֱԱΪΣЩֻү̺ôƭޣүµһˡҲޡ
ߣҼү̫һ¶ĸо̲סҪǮȻҲҼүĳҾԲκҼүĺƭǮ
߿Σ֪⻰ǲĥŵȵ˾һҪһΣŵл֡
ԼݣĵȻҾʵԸ棬Ϊ˱֤ԼİȫҲΪ˱֤ٺ˵İȫ˵ԼˣնĪĸѹɷҲҸոѡ峤¶ĸǿռ˳豻˵·ŮȫϳĲ롣
ĵȻ޷֤ʵļٿģٺĳֱˡΪ˱ӣһֱóĸڳԼ棬һ·Ҳκλѣ飬ֻΪЩǮӡ
֪ڵˮûпͶѣٺ˾ǵ֮ʱչĸֱҵõȥͳû飬ֻǳЩνлҪûӰˡ
벻ĺȴЩԥǲٺΪˣǵԼݻ⼸˴뵽ԼŮǿˣһŮӲͷ¶ʱӲסٺĽ飬ҲԺһҪ취ǮҪֻ˶ܡ
־һƽ·̣˺ųΪԣĳ򡪡ˮľǵǡźһִԽ˴ƳĸоŻŮӣ¡ĵ̣Ľֵ¶ݡȫȻͬķ
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˿ɬǮԹҾ֪һֿˣǸŮǿں˵ƨл
һۣ˵Сô˲ԣүӽҲûл
ҿɲ˵үþĪˣֻǮĻỹءǮҪĸӣǱüլԺҪǮԺѹ
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ȻЩˣҲ֪ٺⲻǹ˵ҵȻ֪״粻ּСˣô࣬ΪҪǮ𡣡
ĪˣҰǾ֮͵£ҲûǮ㲻⡣ЩλǮԱҿ԰㣬һ¾Ҫᡣٺ˵
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Ҳ뵽ٺⲻ³ͣǰ⡱ɲΪ޴Ϊǣȡһ˵ǡ
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ģءٺԥؿΡ
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ٺϸһ룬ĵĻûе벻ޱȵĪȴǸԶŮӣɹһЦ˵ãһðա״һŬ׬ǮɶԿġ





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Ϊ˽ԼɱٺûƣɳæҲæٺʵҲǸϷ⽨϶Ů˾Ǹ͡Ϊϻˣٺ֣µĲ鿴˱ȴǡҲ̶á
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ˣٺ⣬ĿټϸͳĹССȻƽȹ˳ʱڵļѣȻģҲ̸ϻ𱬣Ѿܱһ˵±Ĺ

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ҲŲģֻү˵˶ӾǶڲТӡܵŲС
ȥɣҾϢ˾ҡһʯ£ٵܻᰵɱ
ҲˡĿıӰŵȢ޳ɼʱһʲôģԼʱֻʲôģЩʼ꣬Լһʱй⡣Ҫĺľ





ʮ ۴

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ŶҲ𣿡
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СĵѡƭۣҲϾûпľˡ
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һô˵鰡ɺĸҲ˵ġһСĵôʡ⡭̫ðɡϵķӡģǱ½⿪һ᲻ˣǡñºΪѡǾɣҲϰ߷˵ˡ
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Ȼزסʵѹסеľ⣬ҧҧ´˵Բ˵˻ѡҲǵΪѣֻǲԸ⣬ҲԸغ

ʮ Ըƽ

ΪʲôԸ⣿ɲͨĺʵѾǺˣϣûĶ֣ʹһ֮۵Ļָ
룬ĶֲĹľϵ飬˵ķٸܸߵù𣿵Ҳܾۺԭ
ҲǾûָãƽƽζһƽҲûܻһķȴޱȻǰƽڵŬ˺ܾòѰҵģ뷨ȣҸԸʧȥһǿĺɣǾζڵҪı䣬ӡ״硢ȻԵõغһ
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ǺǡЦٴ𣬡㻳Ҵ˾㣿
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ĳȴЦˣĵģѲǧǰҡ岻ʤڻȡ̣չԼ۸壬ǲ壬Ⱥ壬ǵĶ֡Ϊ֮鲢ѡģԼѡġ۾Ȼѽĵһӡ
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ڵڣһ˵Լһ
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С㣡С㣡Ũ⴫еĽлŬŨȥ¶С

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аСүСôܰСүˣ
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˳ʮ³˵ڶӡЦظӵԱʱһ̾ΪʲôǸŮأڵûŮ
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ŲĵĵģЦŰѺĻ˲صģҿλСүɵúܣһͲˡ
İѺӱڻģӸոƲСֺ£ˣ۾ֱˣȻƼʱֵסӵСϻӤеޣϡԿµ٣һҪĸ绹Ҫ
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ٺڱʱսսģ⵽˻ͳĳЦҺúûı׾Ȼ޲֣ٺҲϲ
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ĪЦһһάĺѾˣ𣿡
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ԭҰλдΪ˴Ǿдڡл˵ﲻ̫Ŀ
Ǹ־ͱѾһˣϣɵ˺ܽˣϣиõϣиӼǿδ
֪˿Ҳ°̺ۣҪ˺ۡԸԽԽǿԽԽҸ
ǶʱҷԼпģ߻ˣһ˱ʹʱ⣬Ҳһܵʱ⡣


ʮ ּ

ץС͵һУͭˮ˵ϣ۵졣
СӾ֪ҽСڳһ¡һμ汻ǿڶμ汻С͵һİβ˵ʵڲʲôҡ
㣡㶵ؿǸЩŮӣ㡢ôģһͻȻԼǰŵǲܵģԺ
ϻȻ߽ģѵǷɽģҲǳգͼʡֱӽլԺȴǡñСӿ
߽ģץץԴŮӷǴԺ߽ģһǴӱĵط߽ġߣǺС͵һ
費θ̣˵߽˶᷿Ѿûлţ΢Цؿ
ûڳǰ򶨡
ǲǵİɣ𣿡ʵܵлл
ȴһ˵ΪǲıڴںڶԹ˲ϾĻп·ϴܲоĵĲ
ĶٸΣ𣿡
ǵطֲָ˭֪׺òá迴˿ģѲĲֻҪմ£Ӧòٵùˡ
ĻʹģɲȷʵǣǳھΣֻõͷΪԼ⡣
ȴ޲⣬ֱߵǰŻ˯ӤȵʵʱĺӣѾôˣ
Щ֪ȴޱķ̹Ȼˡǲ֮ܲԼǶ⣬ǿܱסӡ
ǺǣСأ¡ɣ¾ưɡ
ҡҡͷҿɲܴ̫ãǡߣҪ²ǣҲŲͻȻؿģ˵ɲҪģԼġ
ĵӿһ˿ůǰһ˿ĲϲҲɢˡ
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ˣȻѾӣĳЩȻŮֻ֪ͣܺĸʱͻ֪ˡ
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ĸףı֪ˣֹôҲ˼ˣôⶼ֪
ΪǺҲǿ۽𣿡üͷȻ
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ⲻǳʥˣİֹȻʵÿһֻһжĺ
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˵ǹ̥ûСġ岻ԽȡķʽܺΪĶųĿõġ
ˣԭĶزֻΪǺѪͳİΪǾµ;ĺ߹ʥ
ٹҪɽ˰ɣһεİմ𣿡ת˻⡣Ҳʥģĸİᾧͬ󣬼ʹ밮޹صĵͬʥ
һǧˣǰǿˡͺǿһΪĸ׵·ģҲʧܡһôȻû⡣ϧ㣬ԸǧڵĸΪʲôҪôʧȥڵֻһֻͨĺ˶á
ĶóĿ϶ǵԥֻתƻҲΪġζӹһĿԿ²һγɹ
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ۣķˣĽҲˣûп޽Уתźںڵ۾Լĸ硣
С㲻ʲôѵǫһΡ
㣬ɡ󣬼ľͷ͸ܵܡ
סˣղʩ÷൱ڸľͷľͷķȫΪĿơȻʱͻʧЧôֻ֪ɵɵȥ
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ҡҲǹġ޴롣
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뿴ǺòãȻûʲô£Ҿͻȥˡû뵽Ūɳ׾ܵĵİοﻹǾòζҲܳûʲôҪҴ񡣡
ᵽ˸ղűϵͷ˵裬㣬һǧڵǲǾܰȻɽ١


ʮ ֮

ˣĵ󣬲ɵؾ֪Ҳ߻ħ·ӣΪʲô
֪ûз衣ЩЦؿ裬뵽зӦû뵽˾ҡ
һǷ˵̫ˣ֪ڵζʲôڵеĸͨҪܳʱܽڵȻûգҲٶȽᵤ
֪ʧȥڵֻһСķˣھֻһˣһڵʲôã˵ᱻãҪˡ
㡢ôǿԼڵĵĴŭȻԼڵø棬ͺñһҿһ޼ɵƻһƷֹȴ㡣
Ĳǲ֪ڵ󣬵ʹԼȷʵǺĶתûа䣬ҲͲǿźķĶĸŮǧеڵ̫໳ѡָһݣҲԸض塣
㲻ҪģлӡָûڵɾҲûǸˡ边Ȼ˵ĿȰ
ѾйᣬȴˡЦˣ裬㲻ףҲ㲻סֻһˣǿ׵ػ棬Ҳ鷳Ҳϲ鷳ϣԶлӡǡңҶ֪ڻܰŪҵ⡣
ϸؿȻСʵû裿˷񣬻ʲôһѾɽٵľ
û裬ôҲΪ˲лᷢ衣ڵ͸ܱ䵽áȻг͵ķȻ취Ը׳ڵߵҲнթ֮ȹĸۣҲϣܾһΡ˵Ҳȹĸӣϧֻһڵھε˵
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һ㶣Ȼû뵽ôһ磬ܿҡҡͷ㲻ᣬ㡣ɳǱģȴỳеС
˵ĶԣҲף˵뷨ʵ̫ӡ̽ãֻҪǵŬС
룬ԵĸӴҲֻ˲סЦЦȻۣĬ۽̸Ŀھʱﴦһһֱðʺ
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һǧڵ費Ҷ飬ĴкֶȥȥԷʱֵŮʧӰˡ
ûġ϶Ů˲Ǵȥġ
ٺ˵˵ֵҲý͡
ߣҲŲǺ˵ѰСүƭȥ˵ʲôľͷ֪ƭСӡ
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ٺ٣С㣬ⶫǮҲ򲻵ҼүԼġЦˡ
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ʲôүһž˵ӣʱүڣүٺϸ¶ֵ⣬㱻Ľ¶شˡ
㶮ʲôһξɵģֻҪٸһʱ䣬һϧϧæƣʱǮѡ
۵Σ۾һ
۵ΣţôаɡӣǴ紵ţҪһá룬򿪱ʵӣЯɷˡ˵Լ˼룬ٺüɫ衣
үڴţҲǿľͷģ
ٺһۣ˵ȻܣҾͼ
ٺϲЩʧ䣬ԭΪԼǵһ۵εˡ
ҡǰ￴ͼûʵҲֻͨ۵ĵȴû
ʲô飿ҵͼͺˣһ˵ӱҺʹһȲҡٺʧָ֮Ͼ֤ͷơ
ҲˣͼһǵãҲԭұ֤翴ͼ
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˵ʲôٺȴЩˣҶľֻϲãԼûУô׬ǮֲЩˡ
һΣڻûҵĸƾջ췹ԵĽ˲ܼжôտϵĵ͵Ƚײ㣬λˣٺĴ̣ȴԸΪһˡ
ȷһƵŵҪȾӪӻǰ;룬Ц粻Ҫᣬϲľ
Ǻǣϲʫϲȴϲľϧľ״Ԫ
Ǵ֮ôǲǾ뷢һܿɳܵ¡
ǵδءΨͼȻȡֻҪеܶ׬ǮҲǻ£ϾʲôҪǮҵ˥ܣٺײƸҪԡ
ԼϲܶǮ绹úܿɳ𣿡ļյٺ⡣
⡭ǲǳ˽ˣ
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Ǹʲô׬ܶǮ𣿾ǰү۾ˣ׼ҽûܹ̫á
ٺⲻ˿һ꣬˳ˣȴԵøٿͷ׷һɫƺҲࡣһ꣬һֵɳȴΪԼĲò硢׾ݶա
ֿ˿ģȻ֪ŮʵĳȻڸ˼ģ׵ĺҲǳ֮Ҫо֮УΪƽӹ֮
ߵ˹øһЩӻôҪ





ʮ СС粨

ĴԽǰҲеĴԽС㣬ҲС˹ִ֪ʶʱ˫ա޵еڣԼ洩ԽԺȴֱۣǱȨңǱȨвȡϢ˵𷴿ٵΨԸܹƽӡ
ӵĸǺݲûΪͨĵˮˣﻹʲô֮עĿΪҲԼľע⣬һŶٳҲʱ´ҹĹأû˻ɡֻżᳰЦԼǸƼĶʮѵֻĳҹΡ
һվǸִʮˣҽʮ踺صӣﻹҪ֤Լִ˼ֵͷڱµݶļΪǸԼΣȴҪ֤Լļֵһֻ˱޿˵ӣһҲΪѵҸ
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ٺܾȣֹǾЩû뵽ϸڣҲĵĻַÿɲֵ棬гƷȫòͼϸĳߴݣӱעرǣÿɲֶֻ棬棬ܿ棬ܿ棬ܿ·Ƕͷǰ㡣
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ŮңŮҪ飬ǰ⡣ͰⶼǲҶζϡ٣ҶƽϰȽͨӾ˼Ҷô˴͡ˣҶԹӦ
׹ٺҲչֳ˵߼պõľ쳵ҵ۵Ρʹú͵ϵľţͨǰλ˺Ȩš
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ÿңŮǺϻˣŮͬ˵ܵǰһ°ɣ˵ķһʺλ̸ƤٺֻͶ
ٺȥ°ýɣķ̾һ֪˵ôῴٺ֮صı⣬һֻεĴ磬ԸԼǣֻܼ֪հŽɣһТĺҲǾƷԵ˵Ӿٺ⡣
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ʮ Ȼɽ

ʱľӪ׼ڵˮϲὨ㲻С۵ĸ־ϸ¡ƶص㸻˼׷Ķ¼۸񰺹󣬵ҵ顣
ʱҪĽɫٺ⣬ҪӦȨ󸻺ƷҲΪĵְǸͼżľЩ顣ûмŽִհΪκοƼĲʱйأǿհڰ
׼Ҳ㲻ļҲڵ䲻Ǿ޸̣˳ԴҲڿԶЩ㡣Ҳ뿴Ľҹﲢǿʤ֮ˣҵɹ֮˷ܵȥ󣬸ϣάס״̬ҡ
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գ޸ĺͼתתЩʹȻҲŵȻԵõӵ治㡣
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ÿɽ˶ԻǣֿɽҵȻϲԸΪ̫ղ˵աɽ˲࣬ҲԺ̫ԶɫǵĻᲢ
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Ĳ֪ʲôҴǰ棬ҴںµĿȫûӦеľֹǰҲйر̤԰ʱ򣬻йΪɽˮʱ򣬺ڵǶôĲ
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ͤӽڰɽԶΧɽбϣڱµԶɽĿɾն£ȻɽķԶȥ㣬ǵĳԶȥ㣬ʣµֻԼ
خʹѾ㣬֪ǲѾػɡǿڵѾ𣿿µ˵ѾɹĪЦأػΪԼԵϳڵĴȫ
ԶڶݵվɽңȻжԲԼĵطҲǸԼļˣʱ״ȷʵҲɲǡĻŹ
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ĪЦĶʱ㣬ǰԺӦԶҲûл㡣





ڰʮ 

˸ĬĬԡּ꣬ΪǿĪЦ˻Լȴֲ֪ЩʲôĪЦ֪ЩʲôֻǾض㿴ٲûлƵġ
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ҲãĪЦͻޣĶĪĶȻԼĺԺﾡˣͬǣǹµˡ





ڰʮ Ե޷

²ٴμĪЦȻԼҲûгҴҩκõˣһĸоʱĪЦ̫أʱĪЦѾ͵͵عʱǰ̲סҴϲ
ǶȻⶾ֮ʮ⣬ĪЦŵԻָߡ˳ɣ޴󰭣ععּҲѾ㡣
Ķ𣿡ĪЦЩ԰׵գĵʵ
Ǻǣû㡣ŵĻ˵Լ顣ĪЦס˵֣Ц
ƲƲ죬˵ûҪúüҷţԼ֣ȻֲãȥĪЦ·Ĵӡ
ĪЦԭΪֻǿЦû뵽Ķ֣̻㣬æ׽ס˵С֣εĶһһ
ĹԹԵͣס̧֣ͷ˫Ŀﵴ˿ˮִҷݽġĪЦɺã
ĪЦǱҰѾ޴ͷϲãȻ㶨񣬻صУǲһ
ΪʲôΪͲ̶Ů޶򣿡
ȻǣĪЦסĵļ򣬡˵ʲôˣ᲻𣿿ǣ˵Ҳ֪㲻ܡעҪԲ˵˵һǺοࣿ
Ҳĵ̾˫§סĪЦĲͷذļϣζ
Ů˾ҿأ˭沥֣һŮ˾ͻȫԸǱȡҸ󲿷Ů˶ѡ磬һ仰ƺϧ㻹ûеȵѡĻ͡Ĳ֪ĪЦܷʲô˲ںȻҲϸԼǰͣס㡣
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ĵͷƺЩĪЦץ˵֣˿ˣӢۺܶòڻȨǰͷ¹򣬺οҸŮӡ
ʱĵʵ̫㡣ĿЦҲ̫㡣Եĳ谮õһҲܺãΪֻҪȥͲ˷ìܣΪֻҪԹʵ۵ĳ谮ǡֿЦĽ˵֪ġ
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ҡҡͷ㲻ֻ̫ǲӦ󹬵ϲ˹ҷ򣬲ϲֻܷԼ˶ڡʵô˵Ŭ뿪
һǹȥ㣬˵ȥ롣㡢û˵ĪЦͼֹ˵Ļ䣬Ϊ֪ľĵĴ
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㡢ֻ˵ܻšĪЦȻ⡣ǰ֪ĶǱȵģôȰ˰Ĺ˳أ
㣬ȥ²㡣ǶξȻ£Ҳõɳڵĵϱǰ¸ңٵŬȥӮȡԼҪ
İյĪЦǰϢϣӿ嶯ԼҪѵҲ
Ķϲ˵ҲЩȥ˵ǣ˵ӦҸչ˵ĺˣ㡭䡭һЩĪЦȻʹĸоҪԱµҳϣοҲ׷Źǡ
ûǻ㡣ϵδ⣬Ϻ˷Ầ˼ҡʵõһãԵ޷֣ҹ֮͸߸·˵ҳɫ֮ԥҲõĻ˵ľȻĻϲһ
ĶĪЦס㣬ʱת
ӡҸǣȻûа˵ɬ
ӦɣĪЦǸ˽ŮˣǰҸԵҲҪµϣԣҸɣõܺ͵ϲ𡣡
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գǻǲòֿ
ĪЦ˵ĺô죿ʵұұʹ˴δһҹӺۣá
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ĪЦĸոҧĵطݵӡ֪áԺȢŮΪ޲ΪҲ֪
ҪȡĪڵߣ⿴Ϊ㲻нҹĻ㣬ôܰøˡķ·Ѿ϶Լһӡ
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𣿡ĵȻŻĪЦӣҪӣҴοǲġ
ĪЦĵǷ㣬ܸܵ͸Ļȣ¶ȸߵҲҪȼ㡣۰ǿɬ
Ȼۣѵú磬ҲΪǱʶֱԼûϵǱȻʱֻʣҸˣĪЦ˯ʱȥһҲãܵġ
϶ԭ˸ĪЦǸֻ࣬׹ǸɫԲУҸƿҡҡȻжö룬϶ʣµļ̳ε
һ˻ǲˡ
ķƿؿڣѩ׵ؿϻҹĺۼҹĲͼ飬ǽס
ҹõҹ̾档
Ϥĵ˶Щ˱۴ͽԸڷܵٺһĵˮ˶硣
Ȼһ仯˸еȣû˻ֹһƬϣ˶ΪӦۣԳϵ˱ضкñ
ֻǲ֪ʲô֪㣬ҶӾֹˣΪҪҸӣҸ˺ĪЦĺӡ
ǣ߸ϵӦһԸ𣿡


ڰʮ 

ٺɫɰ׵죬ɺ쵽࣬ﲻֹͣʲôֻȭͷӾȻЩ
磬û°ɣԤϻٺŭ𣬻ΪܵĮȴûΪǱԼĻŻˡ
˭ȥףҪǸ˵ҡɱ
磬ΪѣⲻȫĴû취Ȣҡ
ȢΪʲôҪ㣿۸
ң仰˵úС֪ٺû
ΪʲôȢ㣿׼䲻ϣѾмˣߣмҾȢ
磡ҲãɡҺûܣͲҪ
ӣ²̡ٺѹŭ˵Ҫף·ڱ˼ҺܾܿͰˡȻдڣκ㣬Ҳܶס˵찡
Ҳں˵ʲôĵɫҲЩףʵҲûеףԿηܰѻ˱ġ
㲻ںǺأûи׵ĺѾܿˣҪһǧָĸףô죿
ҡ룺ǲ̫˽ˣΪԼĸӣȴûĽ᲻˶١ǣҲһ˽Ϊ
㲻Ҫйǣ˵ݣЩɴ
硭ĵ˳ٺӦǣС磬ӵĸĲȥңϸΣΪҵԭ򡣶Բǰ˵ĶǼٻʵҵֲж塭벻һȻҪԼǶ壬ϷԳЦݡ
ĵĽٺԭأӵʵʵ׹خǣں󹬣󱻴乬ĪСʵϸȻخ͢ڸǣձ´ܱڹ
ԼŮӾȻǸǣǵûӳخȴ߾ʱǱ׷Ǳ̫׷ɱ
˾ˣ˾ˣűˣ˽Ǽơ˾ˣôȥ棿
ٺżԼǰӣȴЩԼųĺӣȻһخĻӣһĻӡǱڻȥ
ٺԺǵĲȻĿһᣬԼȣҲֲٺʲô뷨
ԣ˾Ҫȴܵܳȥ档
ٺҲعǿЦԣȥ棬Ⱦ˾˰ǡ
뿪ˣٺϻһƬã
ǶԲ磬ǰһֱ㣬ǵ淢ңֻ²С¶ǡشѾˣӵĸһ𣬺ܻܿɱ֮Һ֮ǲܵġΪʲôһҪӣΪǰ̫ˣҾȨϲһӡ
ٺ˼˺ܾãڿ˵ұҲȰӣΪ⿴ȫɼȻ˼˵⺢Ҳ޹Ǿ°ɡҪ취סˣģһȥɡ
ٺ˵Щɽسˣ֮ǰŵԿӣĹĻӣٻں˾ˡ
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ǣˣɺͱŮһֻϣҵһб¡Ʒõһ˵ٺӣοϲӣܼ޸ĸԼٺĿʲôλûйϵֻҪΪޣٺһܺõչ
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˶æų£ڱԺ̥Ļ벻ףѾ粽룬ôᱻ˿ӣС۸ˡȻСүûйǾԼûˡ
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ҳȥ߰ɡ
С㡭Ǿܾ֮óϻˣڼﰲȫ
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ĿЦãһߣȥü·ɣҵǰͤ㡣
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һͷ룬ǿȥãСȥˡķľٶЦҲ滺Щ첽ͤӡ





ڰʮ С֮

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ƽ¥˿ϵѪ־ŭʱΪ֮еˣȻң׷ǰȥץסģȭͷ
ʱ˴󺰣֣


ڰʮ ү

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㡢ʲôˣƽ¥ָǸ֣ǵǸҪ׳꣬󻹸һʱʱȥˡ
ɿƽ¥Ĳ״ҲЩȣ벻Լһȭôϰעתġ
û°ɣ
ͬ䱸ؿԼĶˣһʮӣϵĽ»Լ߹ʣԤʾͨˡ˿ȥʱ򣬲ƻˣ˭֪ǲǺƽ¥һǸƤǡ
Լ·վˣСĵشлȡ
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컯֮¾ɥĿ˰͵ȥ֪ΪԷ³
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С˵ʲô˲ʲôСû°ɣ






ڰʮ ɽ

췢ĲҸ߻ȴҲٺ⣬Ϊò׼ƽ¥ϻʲôٺ̶Բߣȵضһ㡣
ٺĥ֮󣬾ƽ¥ȵòȻֵС˲͸¶ϢΪܼΪԧ»Ϊնݳ۵õİ취ǰڶ
һʱ䣬ûٷʲô⣬ҲڱԺźӳҲͷ¶档
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⡢⡭ҹһ˵£֪ôشƣѵǸˣ
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ҹףŵŵüȥǸλӡеʹģΪⲻı⡣ǣǰ谮谮ʵܣĸʧƣ˭ܱ֤ǰҲٴη
ֳöӣûʵۡҲ˵ĶԣٴĸӵԼõѡ






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ǣŸոտʼϵƸʢĪЦ޵Ļλˣ޵ĴҵŸոտʼ޻Ҫǿˣǵ˿ɲֻڵˡѵ㲻һ֮
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ڣĪЦǹľҲΥرʶԣΪ¸Ϳص̫ˣػĶм
ĶĪҡ
·ҲܵĪЦϵϲãĪЦһܵ˱µʹͣҲҪˡ˭˵ĪЦ˲ǱŵĳӣһϹۡ

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ҹѾصخһʱˣûκμ׼ҵᱻı䣬ٺ⽥µǣ糣سȰķС
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Ķٺϰĵһݣİ˿еĶָ˭
ŶˣӦøϤһ֡塣
ӵѣҲ㣬ôҹͻȻ⣿ٺȻɻȻ˿Ҳǵ˻ķʽ̽ѡ
ûʱϸ˵ֻ㣬ĶΣա
⻰ʲô˼ѵǸ̫ӣ˵òٴ𣿡
Щǳȥġ
ƣ˵ǡûٺƵݣٺ뵽ǸˡǲҲѾ̫ǻʲô
ûʱ˵ЩˣʲôĶĸӶΣա
ɣڼţȥӣٺ⳶¾ܡ
̾һһȥʲôãЩ˶ɱ˲գ۵ʿ
һϼĻԺٺһۣνѳͨ籨šˮ⻹ʲô
ԺҲûáҽһӡ
˵ٺⲻ֪ΪʲôԼȻİ˵Ļ֪˺ľʲôϵ
㵽ȥˣֻԻЩˡ
ôܻң
ֻҪ˵Īѣһġ˺ƶ
ǣû취ɲʲô˶Լġ˵Ҫǵʱô죿ٺСˣͻ׹Ȼˡ
˵˵ͷĶ絹ûϴҲ֣ܲҿ԰ȥ˵꣬סٺĸ첲ͻȻڿն
๫ɶ˱ܵ⣬ٺǸ˶Ѿʧˡ






ھʮ ºڷ

ֱϤΣоѣ̫˰ɱһһ
ԴʧȥڵķԼٸоѾԴʱЩԥ֪ͻֱԤԼС
ǾСΪϣ·ܵѻѡ
С㣬ʲôˣ۾ʵ
˵
ǿŵؿܣӦʲô
ţĪҳȥ
ôУȥҡһˣѾʼ
֣ĵȻûȥðգǿɱ֣ʮҲ˼ɱûΪڶˮ¡
İѻݣŻ˯ĪŲһӣ¶һһţһССİҡԴӾǸֲҹľ뵽ｨңԱ裬벻ˡ
ûĪȥʹ˴ɱֵؿģеСҲɣ
ҡҡͷ𶯣غðţס
ΪӣԺ˸һֻͣʣѾ͸ȥȷӵİȫôܹĶʱɵĪЦĪЦܾһΣܾڶ
嵽ԺʱѾһʬ壬ڴ򶷡Ĳûоȿɱ֣ҲԤеôһ졣ȵǸڰסɱֵˣʱĸ֣
㶵Ƭ̣һ˵ˡһΪûü˭ǵˡ˭ѡ
ʣµ˻ͷе
ĪЦĲԼ۾ȴ̶
죡ȥƣĪЦ֪˵Ŀƣ̲סȷĵİȫҺôģԭǵĿҲġ
ƶˣԶӵİΣҲûĪЦط꣬ɿӵסȥĪЦں
ЩҵܷܵǽĿ޺ĶʱγϣһƿԺų˽ȥ
ԺˣһƣͣСһͼץס֪ʱĸһľֹѼԼ
һվһԣж졣ǽӵǻ׽ֵеĵܵܣڸ磬ץץץɱǱòмĿ˵ûʱˣץͶɱˡ
׼ǰ֣ʱǡó˽ţſҵĶӣ
һ㶣ŮôûѵǷﲻɣûʱͬʧܵԭŮ˵ҲĿ֮һ̸Ϊġ
ۿӶ֣ԼҲֻһ߷Ҳ֪ı·ߣֱ˶ȥĪЦʱסսһ
˸һ֣һǰߣԭϳΪͳĪЦ֪ĪЦĵĹϵΪǻʵ۱µİˡ
ƵߣҪĿꡣһһҲ˲ץǳսһĪЦԴ·磬Ҳսǳûȥ
ĿǸץƵߣ㲻һе׷˳ȥٶôȵùһߣֻܿܿһССıӰ
֮ʱĪЦ׷еȥŰȥ׷˵׷ȥ
ĪЦĻģƣһӵȥи
ǿѹűʹ͵ǻصԺŸ޵үүүү
æ˹ȥãֻǱ˼Ѫӽźƣ˹ȥ
˵ĸ׵ĻǰѵܵץˣǰѵܵץˣСƽ㡭ʱ¸ҵСкֻһŻˡĸױСк
ĽرŶӣҲޣҲҪ˵İοͱܡû£ȥ׷ˣһܰѵܴܵ
ӣӣ
˾ˣǾ˾ˣȷӦӦ
ӣû°ɣٺ⼱˽˲ˣŻѵģоġ
˾ˣ˾ˣл۸ǣǻץƣܵٺߣ߿ޱ˵ֶ࣬ٺûڿЩʲô
硭ˡڿˣɵͬʱҲҲѹסĵĽǺͱʹ
ٺſ˵صĸæܹ˷ûѣж϶СүСү
ĪˣҪżд򡣡˵ͬʱ˹渣ƣĴѲԱ
Īˣﵽ׷ʲô£ղ˵վٺԣľЩ죬ȴ벻˵ûʱȥ˭
λҿ˰ǣжٻǶ¡ӣЩȥˣأٺͻȻһˡ
ٺĻոǸβǻþʧȥһӣ
˵ǰڵϣץס·еүǰҶץˣĪЦȥ׷ֻһ˰ȥ
ĪˣʱŻˣȥ
ܿ죬мֳĪЦǰ׷ٵķȥȴǱȫ̱ڵϣ۾ֱֱһѾߵ˵Щʲô
ûΪԼϢվߣţԼҲ֪ʲôá
˵˶̧ĴΡѿˣ˯ٺĻҲѾҳˣһֱСķԸСС㣬κ˽Ƿֿ
ҵˣҵˣүҵСˣһղųȥ׷ٵһַɱ߾һӣǱ˴ߵơ
Ѿʯͷ˰㽩ӲͻȻʩ˽ʯħƶƶҵĶ
ƵСͲҰһƬһ·϶ǿûпޣЩĸֶеȡֱ˿̣ĸ׾ǰӵҲѹסˣ۵һ
İƱڻֽֿУҲֱ˿̲ף⵽ĺӶǶôı󡣼ѺҲ˹ĸ˱һûз롣
һ߿ţһߴЦЩʱԮֵ˵лΪʲôһֱûпϤݣ
ĪЦأĪЦأ
˵ĿǶȥλ׳ʿƻĸԥʵ
أѵ֪ԼûΣձȻȥˣ
ܿǸһ˿̣ȴû˵ʲô
ķû뿪ͺá
ȺͻȻˣղųȥ⼸λҲˣ̧һˣһѪˡ






ھʮһ 

ҫ£ĪЦϵÿһ˿ڶɼЦݳЦģͿȥˣĪЦ
ĪЦĪЦûվĿ֮˹ȥסĪЦ
ĪЦƤһˣ漴ʹǿЦ㿴Ҿ֪ŻҡС¾˭
ĪЦҲŬسЦЦȴϵ˿ڣЦʵЦúѿ
Цҿ㻹ĪЦˡȴһһʹ
ϵ˵˺ö໵ˣˣ˯һͺˡ㶵ĿĪЦһиУΪʲôأ
Ѿˣֻǿ˿ĪЦϵƣεҡҡͷԱߵ˶һ̾Ϣ
ҲŻҰɣĲʵ
ȴû˵ڴﲢֵñ˵£үŮ˺ܹעŮֺǸ˹ϵܣвŮ˹ڼ
үλ˱һܰɣм֮ס˵
ɷǳʼĪЦΪǰҲζİ⣻ҲǳĪЦΪжôϲģΪĿԸپͽǮܸԼ
ȻԺûлˣ˵˵ɡ˵˵һߣһץסžۡ
ԼɳȥǼλ֣ô£
һ·صүλ׳ʿ׷ƺ⵽˷ߡ֮࣬ǰķͽһˡЩ˾ȻҪλСӵŹȫλ׳ʿһ֧ţԣǸϵʱѾˡȻʣķͽСӣǶĪЦѾ޷ҽΣԲŻᰴԸһ档
ûеõĻشʵҲѾˡĪЦ쵰Ҳ׼ٶңΧ˻ô룬ؿ޺šʱȷмġҡҡ׹ĿܣֱĪЦס֡
ĪЦȻоץĶЩʹˣȴ֧ĽЦ˵ôأһοɾܲˡĪЦôأ
ĪЦҲЦˣһЦúÿЩſ죬Ŭ˵һΡˡ¡´Ӧҡǹ١
ĪЦΪʲôҪΪʲôݣɵϣ˵ĪЦϣ̱ǵѪζҲס
ĪЦȴЦøӿģյøġҡ㡭ССĪ
ԣĪĨһᣬеĪ
ȺĪġ˿ǸˣǾ۸Сֽ²ܵĻ˰ɣˣɴʱȴôҲ޲ˡ
ĪЦ㿴ĪǵŮѾ˲ϱܣһҪĪЦۿԼŮҿԹŮϡ
ĪѾˣĸ׻ҲܹɣʹĸױһֵǰҲûп֡ҲΪֲ˿ںѪζʲôִʲôԻȤŴۿǰˡ
ĪЦ澪ϲ۾һҲͻȻų˹ʣһҪʧȥˡΧ˶ܵ˸Ⱦһ˿ů⣬ֻдҡҡͷعⷵհ
ŮŮĪЦŬָĪСֲڵƤĪеʣŤ۵ؽţƺڸĸ׾뿪
ĸȴһҲŵǸµ˵ϣ۵С϶ĨѪֻΪǸ˿Ա
ĪЦǵŮѾ˵ˡΣյʱô߱ڣԼй뷨Ҳ룬ĪЦͲ
ĪȻأѹǰ˿ȻʹοʵŤŤȥĪЦȫֺۣ£˵ҲѣֻظǸС
Īڿˣĸףϴ̱ǵѪζǳܣܺʶҪӿ
ĪԣҪޣõúñ㡣˵ԼȴôҲֹס
ĪöЩԽԽġĪЦЦҪǡϡ̫ˡ
ĪˣĵֺĪЦֽһ
ӣϧ
ŮáĪЦÿʼɢżƣЦ¸ҡ硭
ͻȻ˵ͷ˵һᱣõģ񡢾񡭡һʵЩͿˣСõĵǾ˾˺;裬ôͻȻ֮ͱ˺ĺӣҲĵǵ𣿵һǿ϶ģҪһ͵һ¸ҵӺ
Ҳҵĵ𣿡Сʵ
ĺᣬ˵ԣǵĵΪ˱ǣǳ˲ٿࡣ


˷ܵؽţЩ˵ǵĵҲ˶ˣǵĵˡ
˵ʵӽԼĪЦǺֵܻ̿ģû취ϣĺӽͣҲĶ˵ĶԣԶΪԼֻͨҲҸ
ĪЦץĵͻȻһɣĪЦĪЦ˵ҪҺͺӵġ˵㲻ʳԣ˵Ŀ޺ţĪЦֻʹȴ˵
ɵĿ޺æ˹Ҷ޲ߡ
үүͻȻתͷе
к£
үæһ¡ȻǺΪʲôϾԼĻλүǸסˡ
˾ܿڣֻҪܼԹۡһԼæͽ䡣Ȼǵΰ𣬿ΪףҲӦЭֹĶС
үҺĪЦ顣
ڣ㶵ʵ
ǵģڡĲȻһЦʵ˶ĪЦϲ˶ˡҴҲڣЩ˾ǱͰɡ
ӣˣٺ̲ס
ֹò˼飬ĪЦҲæҡͷǿмһ仰Ķ𡭡
սĪЦ֣˵ҲǶ˵ǲõģûз裬ֻΪĪˡ⣬ҲĪ˽ӵҲܱ˽еתٺ⣬˵Բ𣬴磬ĪЦֻһŮΨһˡ
ɵѾͷٺ⺬˵ֻԼҲ֪˵ɵҪ޸һˣ˵ɵҪǸ
ã顣ɻع˵ǺǣֻϧСӣʲôûоͰƭˡ
ĸмسЦЦЦűҲҸ
ˣԺǱѾʰò࣬Ҳٴ˯˶ԳܵһҹƣֻĻ̨ϣĪЦѾʼӲûܰǷֿ
ˣⱾǸϢҲǸĺûᣬɵȴֻֻǼ֮ԵܿһĺŮˣһֵĪЦ໤ĺŮˡϲΪʲôҪ˲̣ʹҸҲǶݵͬ
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޸ʱ˵ܱԭ٣û취ֻдϻԭ¡

ƼһģɡҰӣģıʺڶϲȥӡ




ھʮ ط

ɿ˿ĪЦʬ壬̾һ˵ˣˣ÷µĻҪ£Ī׳ʿĺ㲻صģһὫᡣҪౣأΪ롣
̧ϵˮѸɺԣȴ޷εĺۼƻòʱ˭ЩֻῴŨŨı
ҺٶһɣҺһʱʵ̫ˡɵݣֻǰһߵĶ󡣡ʵ֪ҺԶһ𣬵Ϊֻһѣ뵽֪Ļһ档
Īˣ㲻Ҫڱˡ
ƺûɵĻֵͷḧĪЦӣ˵ңԶľ룬ľ룬վǰ㲻֪Ұ㡣ĪЦԸ㲻֪Ұ㣬ԸһҲԸ㡭ҵĻ
ЩãȻйŮӣҲһЩ޹ءĸ飬ǰλĪ˵ĽǣȴûǹŹʫеĸ飬Ҳⲻһ£Ϊָ̲ŷɶ기Σա
ӣ÷򽻸ɣҪϴһҲ⸶ģ߰ɡæµ˰ٺ˹ĴԿԧ죬Ҳ
ٴ̧ͷٺһڵ˵ͷһԵæǰ̧ĪЦʬ壬ĵעСȥ
ٺ⿴˿ղߵģ̾һתǰ˵ζүɱǽѣС˴ȫлүӷ˴ѣЩ㱣ү֮
仰عͷٺɵǰλȱǵˮʵ۵ĵܵܣϳ־Ǹ׼ĪĶ顣Լ֪л䵭Դ߳ŭָ׼
뵽ٺҹȱҪʰԺ̯ӣԼǵûаæЩ鷳мھΣʱҲ˲ʲôƽʶæл
ɷЩ֪룬ϰ塢ĪˣǲˡʵҲûʲôҪͺˡٺıʱΪֻЩ֮û̫⣬ԳҲֻΪ˿Ըõؽӽġ
ǰͺˡ仰ҲһƬȻ˵үǧҪ룬үʱϵҺͺҲ׶༪١ֻϧǹĸӣ˷ⱲӶˡĶٿ⣬ЩЮ󱨣ֻתı
֪ǲûһ˼ϵΪĵĸм¶ϲɫĪˣ˵Щͽ©֮㣬˴ȫ㻹ǴźȵĸݾӰɡ
ٺ̿ģҪҪܣҪԼľ
ȵʵүĺʵ񸾸мүͲЩΪʲôҪҲһŮˡʵΪʲôɻôİֻΪɫ
ʵɿٺһۣٺʶ˸߿ɽ˵ʵҹ̫ʱбչ˷ˣοǵˮκķͽǱĵˡĲǾ֮ͣ˲ضǡ֪ĵʵݣҲµó϶خй
벻̫лүĺֲ֪˭϶ϲ㣬еˮ໤ѩ̿ûеܾ
죬ľʹźԼסɸǰһСԺ˼ɴֻ͸⣬˶Ժ䡣
һβĽĲûбɣ뿪СԺֹΪ˱ΣգʵҲû飬ʱֻһط˼ĪЦ
ҲһɱѪЩܹܵѹҹӵıֶƵ¸ң֮󣬲ȴĿ־ӶóĬǰˣʧȥȤ
ǵ쳣ʹӾʧȥõԣôԵΪʧȥĪЦǣǿаԼӱʹ˼гͣؿżƣܴǿµجѡ
Ⱥ껶ͯ£˯ȥٶһǰĳ£Ųϵ׹źĪЦһĵεΡ
סĵ죬»ݵԼڱʹˮٴˮ۾ϵǻҪ
ںˣһƵ
תͷȻ󲻿ŵһУ㰡񣡡
ŸղŵĻٷ䣬ȴΪͻȻ˵ʺ
ˡĺĳ˻ﾡؿޣٺٵģںǰޣĳΪṩɿı۰
ûжҲû˵ֱԼֱĨĨᣬǿЦ㿴ƺǰЩһˡ񱾾ݵƤƺס͸е󲡳ĸо
ߣǸط꣬ҲġƢƺҲøˡ
Բ𡣡ȥͨ졣˵̷ˣҺøˣֻǻΪ㲻ңҲٹҵˡ
ûǲùˡԣȻĮ
Ŀһ󼤶ҹ״籨Ųǰɣ˲벻˭ô
ôǹûг֣ǹұű̫ˣ
̾һֲĮĮҲˣܸܵĮ֮µ顣
Ҫˣ㻹ҵ𣿡ⶪظ񡣲ȴûлشֻ΢΢ǡ
ղʲôʱƺʲô
𣿡
ڣ¶һζʮЦݣûаŮּ£ʲôɺڵģˣϾͲ˺ҡɱֻ»ɡ
ܾ⣬벻ܼҺܾȡĻһ˿
Ҳ֪ȴͻȻɫһ˵ʲôڵģǺϲýĪЦҲͲᰮңͲΪҺĪǹ٣Ϊ˾ҶҴҸ˫棬ԽԽúĪЦԼ
ɵϣĺӿܶѾˡ
ΣĻЩŭѵΪԼž͸˵𣿺οҲҶʧȥҲʹ࣬㶮𣿡
ҲĿֻһϵϵǿֱһɹ١ͬ١ƽ
סˣĲһԼܲҲΥʲôһԻȫء
Բ𣬲񡣡
ڻعͷĮȥõǸȻ˵İ飬֪˿úأԼءɶ˵ҪԶҲʹ
񡭡⻹ǲһγ϶ӣĴʱҲŷ֣һֱռһϯ֮أǰĶһ





ھʮ ջˮ

Ļļ򣬾ʱڸϡûжͷڰһֻСèղ˵úʹ࣬һȥ𣿡
ȻĺԥҲҪţҪÿġҸ
Ϊǵĺӣ
ֹΪ˺ӣҲΪʧȥΪҺͺܺúûȥôΥԸأ
ЦΪĸһǻЩͬ
ҵĸףΪʲôô˵
һΪ׷ԼҪĶԲϧԿҲ¡㸸׹ĸ׾Щȥ
ԣĶ֮󣬾Ͷ㡣
εƲƲ졣
˵ĶĸǱ۹Ȩ˴ģΪʲô֮۹ĻҾ沢ûеõ⣿Ů˼併췣ֻΪ𣿡
ɫһ𣬡ĵЩʲôɲҪΪû취ֻΪǸˣֱӶ֡Ц˵㵹ҲеСԸڵַ˵ݣʹָҲֲʲôô
ĵͷ׹룺ѾǺĶֺαطҪ׷ֻ࣬ҪЩ鲻ҵ鷳ƽɡ
ǿڵѾǲǺܿҪɽˣմ𣿡Щĵʵ֪ʹǧڵҲ֤ɽٲΣա
Ĳڣȴַʵ
ü˵ڵҸҪڣұûдɷǿĺҲָ֪Ҹȫʹ÷ԸءˣҲԶϵ顣
ʹҲڣ
˵ʲô仰Ķʱֱӡ
Ĳ֪ǧֻҪͷ֮ڡ˹˵·֪仰ɶ𾪡
Ǿ˵ĪЦܻ죬ϲ£ǰôˣǰ粻֣ͬȻҲͻ漣
ϧǿѾˡ
ľڹɽϣø߸ߵȻ䵽˵͹ȡ
ȻڵҲǧϵĵС
⻰ʲô˼
ֻǾбҪʵ㣬㡣
ĿЦôҺڣûаڵĪЦ
ѵĲ𣿡
ҳе㡭ϧΪʲôҪڣҵϣܰ˳ͨ٣Ϊӵʲô鷳ȻĪЦλǲͬģͬҲ뿴ʲô⡣
Ϊ㲻֪á
ֲ֪֪֪Ҳֻ취ȥֹڵûΪʲôĶĸûڵĸף
ΪʱѾ㣬ʧȥڵҲˡ
ûΪŵ˸ҪҲָܰݣܰ㡣ڰڵ˲Ƿ鲻ǷĪЦ١ò˳ɽ٣Ҳھһ
ʵѵõ¶һ˿ΣʵҲԡ
㻹̽ңЩˣΪһΪ˸ĪЦԸһֻͨĺ𣿡Ǹɱ˲ʲô
˵
Ҫ˵ȥҵҪˣİԲҽ̫ˣϢ˵꣬뿪Ѳ¡
ıӰʧЦĶǺһɵѾͷҹһҪͷ
ڶ죬﷢һֲֿ¡׸ϰոȥ÷ʬ岻ˣ
ٺ벻ô͵ʬ壬빬ĸְæѰȴȻ䣬Ǹ·ƾճƾʧˡ
ٺⲻҽ¸ģܲסֻýĪЦϻµУ档
ٺż׮ʱСԺӴһֵĿˡɫĿ˺ųĪЦǰͬţָǰĽİɱж
ԭϵɽԺѰĸӵĹȻˡһżɣΪŵδУʺе֪ȷΪһӣ뽫żУԻʳӵҿ⡣
ʵϣĵҰ͸¶żң·ɱҲɣĿľǽ赶ɱˣȥĺǱڵľߣͬʱȫƸżҡ
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ŮѾʵǣı䣬ټĻʵܣɾʵĺջˮ

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ðɣɡĲָܱԼֻϣһͨ˵ָܹ걾еԣˣҲܱĪЦøҸ
ص׼ĪЦͷߣδ˵Ϊ飬ҲԶӵΪĪЦТŲʵ֪ʲôӦ
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ţǺܿͻȥǰɶҪһҪصΪҪ˶





ھʮ ն

û뵽ȵݿ˻̫Ӽҹ
ǶԲ𣬷ˣʵǲĿ˼ӡҹǸûسŵĵ֪˼
ʵҲûʲô̫ҲǳһƬТġ̾һ֪ҹôֹΪ˾ТģҲΪֺĸʡǸƿһеľ
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ĵһЦסĵطһ𣿺οֻǴնѣ鷳
ҹ΢΢һƺЩã˵ϾǷ˵Ĺ磬˾ͲЩʱգ
ã̫Զ֪ºʱңĲ忪˻⡣
֪˻˵òˣҲֻ࣬Ҫ˾úʣ벻ʲôʱ򸸻ʶԸ㡣
ЦˣҲǸͨ񸾣ñǨҡʱ䡢ص㻹̫ӰæŰɡֻǣԵĻ벻Ҫ빬
˷ģԲܹ˺ˡҹΪǼɵĸڹеЩεı֤
̫ˣҲǵĻ˺ңֻǲٻصǸطǸط˵ͺñһ̻Ի͵ĴٻصǸҲüǸ
⡢һʣøʶᡣ
֪׼ӼĵطסˡȻǸȴײϼ벻ǵһ죬ǶǱģıŮ˵ĻҪѲ¡
߽ʱĵ˼ҲıǰڻЩףΪʲôһ飬Ϊʲôһ顣
ոմԽȻǰļǣȴֻһմѧУ̤ᣬ԰顢ҵ¶׶εСŮҲᱻĵֱİԭɡ
ڣźʹԽǰͬͣȴûǷɬ¶֪ԼƲϳֻǼĿѾĿʼϣеĿɬ
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ʧ𣿿һжֻǼĲ²⣬ûκʵݣҲֻԴŻԼخɰԼخʲôôն˵ػǼ
ھʮ 

ҪȥƶĪڵҡ˼Ļ䲻ȫţĲԽԽֻаѻƱڻİ
ż̾ȥǡģҲᵱĺӿǡĺͱĺӣôܺ޽٣ֻ֪϶ԼҲᶪκһӡ
ҪȥĻ侲лµĹģһźڵˮҪҶ֣ﻹһһģüвخ֪ˣҲҴخԭ֮һ
ɫȻĶ㻹ԹԹ޵ûкúñ޵Ĵ޲ŻʺĻлǸˣһ˿⡣֪ľ㣬һ뱣ǡ
̾һŵĺͺ͵֪ǺʱһġǲΪԱѣ˵뿪خĲǡǸԭ򼧱˻ǲԸ
е죬٣Ȼƭޣڿ˵Ϊ޺áߣϧ޲֤ΪΪֻйܳͷ٣ۿĵӰӻΪΣʹԸҲû֤ݡ
Ŀ룺룬ҲһԸ㣬ڣֻǲţǲ⣬ʹĲ⣬ʲô壿
ʵٴ˲ǱԩˡǺ޵˾֣ΪٵôΥŮķּ

ҵȷǺתȻˣǰԲŻᱻճ
ô˵޵ʱӰӲǻþ̽
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Ǳѡ빬Լ빬ľúܿЦ
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ҲǵһЦ˵ȻûҪĻ¡ҳ٣ʵ̷£ϾùҲ顣Ա»ǲҪǿˡ
⡢ô죿Ȼǿ
ĶԼı仯Ȼ⣬ﻹƮʧҴֻΪ˵²أ¼֮ǾҪ̻صˮҲƶƾԶݵأĵսľ
ľֻҸӼһ棿Ц
ĵǺһ˿Цƴӳخ¿ɾһ涼ˡֻ̫˵ҲŴΪʼϣһİĸסӦҲøס
ֻ޼һ棬׼ΪʲôЩŭһ֮ԼĶӶϡ
ΪڲΪΪȴò䣡
һüƿԣ˿Ц
İסķ꣬Լ˵侲侲Ͻ˽ȻؼҡذҪٺˡ
ڸڷȴļڱ˽ֻģȫһߵļ
ﲻ棬Ҫؼҵܵܡ죬ЩһľĲ档
ԣǺܿͻؼˡλʺá
ͲЩֺɻˣ߹˲þнԾܼȥҪɸϣҲֻһЦĽһá
ʱɫνʣ֪޻Цò̾һ˵áúÿ
˹ͷѵһĺɫĿǿʼѯڳԴϲáѧҵȵȷ⣬޲һ̾Ͱʱȫ
ԹԵվţԹԵĻشţ۾ȴ͵͵Ĵżƺ룺˸ҪôⰡȻ㻹¡
ʵڼ֮󣬺󹬻ΪŮЩɳ߹ҲǺܵó裬Ҽӹע̫ӵڶЩ׵Ůûʲôӡ
ǰ⣬һΪĵϲΣһΪûֵܽõĻֺ̿ϳɣֻһͯеĻúҲĶĶԣֻ½ǶһӣǶһӡ
Ȼףɻش𼧱ʱȴԳ˼õĽʹӱΪ׵ļȻϲ׼ʹȥݣܾò͵ʲôǲ
ϵһ壬˵ǡģԺҪĻ˿Ҫúչ
һϲȵ÷֦ϣΪϲüҡ˵ͷǼʱ⣬ҲԶӵһƬ⣬οʵõɲͨϡ
ЩֻǾⶫϵСͻ䶼Բ绬ǳϲȿһۣĵ˵ͷЦҲûλлȻǹл
ְһԴɬʵٸһ𣿡
޹ʿʵǴɣŭ˻ʵпܱͷɼȴ˷ܵúܣ˵ðð
ȴˣ뼧СС;ѧðĽ١̰Ǯơô򲮲ҪأοѾһﲻ˵˲̰𣿡
ЩίƲƲ죬˵ҲǸԼҪƶһһϲġ
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ֽһ壬׼ݸʱͻȻʵǻһСôһأ
СС档Ƶ̾˿
ЦҪҲҪһô죿
ͷ룬õİ취Ȼ򲮲Ҫһ˵˲̫̰ģҪһһġ
ţҲҪҪҾͰ͸ҡҡϵϲüҡ
Լûˣ
һ˦ͷǵ˵Ǵ磬ҵȻҪá
ãúӣһ˿⣬ִֻͬͨ˼Ҳܱɡ
˼ûнסĸӣȺɣԴ˵ǵ㰡
ҪмŵùѲСİƲɵĹϵ
ǰѡͻȻЩήңվߴҲζûб˿
⣬ҪŵùȻףŵùҳܻеġ֣ڱµģ»ʺΪ̫Ӻ֣ң֣ȴȷΪ˱²ôġı£Լ¶飬̲סȰ
㲻һĵҲᡭ
θɣ
ĿԺǽΡݶ·ֿʥ񡣿ɴʱҲЩԥӦú޵Ů˵ĶͶ̥תΪԵŮķּ⼸ǷǷжǳľİţжǳڷĸ飿

ھʮ Ů

ҹվڸʵʣĲ·𣿡
̾һҹΪһ֮ޱܵõĶ˲̫̰ģʹΪʵۣҲ붮һЩĶ̫ʺֲϻ֮١
Ǹʲ˵ܻԷ𣿡
ǿܻһᡣĶֻҲ֪ľ䣬⼸һֱشѹ޲֮ǰҵĶˣĶȥˮǸĹͳ죬ֻҪͲѵ֪ߣ㲻عй¶ԮȳٻҲһĹôɡ
ҵĵףΪһҪյأѾеճ𣿡ҹĴ֮λδ֣ʺܵӰ죬ĸʶĸӵƫ
ʹ㼸꣬˼֮ݶҲȲϣֻҪпܷˣŹٺ٣ҲĶ͸¶ʹĶص޵ߣһ޾ΪŻᱻɱΣҪСġ
ҹȵؿŸʣĲй¶ϢǵĻᱻץøʶĵ˼ĵģҲ˺û뵽ʾȻķӣĸ˶ܵ˺ʲ
ЦЦʴȣǺ¡ҲΪģһ㵹ҪѧѧҲҪмǣжȣ̲֪Ϊ䣬ֻҳ٣ĸӡл⣬һǻô
סҹܸˣΪ˸ʶΡ
̧ͷѾÿտԺ䣬˵ĶһͲסˣֻվҪˣ̰پʹšȻûô󵨣ɻСЩĺá
ǵȷ˻صˮô죿
ߣô͸֪ʲô˿ʲô˲ֻҪĶû£޾Ͳˡ
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˵ĻصݣȻڶջصˮɱȻܾΪ˼ӿг̣ģ
Ȼ˹ڣĻǾúܽţ뵽ԼҪ룬ʱҪҪİݷϳҲ̫ԸһʮܹĲɱͯĺƣôһأ
Ȱ̫ģΪʱĻѾֱĵļˣ˶סҪ룬ǿɲˣε޺
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ҹɫѾˣػûоޡ鰸ǰһŻһɫˣЦӯӯؿ
ָŻ˵գ૵֪Ⱳ㶼ЦˡôҲΪãǸڣֻʱʱΣաڣ㲻õˣԹǰҪƽϧĪЦҲûˣ޲ǻʵ۸öáǻʵۣյһҲѪŻģôܷ
Ǻǣ˵ϷԣЦļٻͻȻһǳЦ
ʲôˣص뿪ҵǸ󵨵ˣȴʲôҲûһţæеˣд̿ͣ
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