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 Ҳˣ濴˿ңȴߺ㡭ˣҲúƽϣ˵꣬Ťߡ
 ֣ôûź򣬲ǽ֦Ҷ𣿡ιĹŮ̫أ
 㶼ʶźʹΪóȨ׼ģҡЦҡҡͷ
 ԭǸû۰Ĺĸأϵۣܸ۰ɣ
 ĸĸûеϻʵʱȥˣڵĹӳȺ˭ǵңѾʼʣίأ
 ҵֿͬʼģԾ֦ͷȡǸݡˣƽ˵ĥǲڻȴΣϰ߾ͺˣпգŷݣ
 𣿡ᣬϲĿңЩɬ
 죬ǰҵ˧ɣԼ˵Ĵ磡ǺǣȻģʹɣ˭֪ǲǵã
 ǼûЦɵ棬ǣŷųȥķҲ
 ԰һƬˮ̵ĺˮ絴иɫͤӣһˮС
 ǷŷˣںߵĴʯͷϢ羳ΣҺȥǸͤӿ˵Ȼʸһ޽ģǹǸͤӣĿƽֻܹȥ
 ɴʱͤоͺˣֻ˭ˡҴȥ䣬嶼ƮƮķ
˷ǾϲЦۣķˡеĳҲûˣǰĲƺѾܵ˾⣬ҲһȻš




 ڶʮ Ѫ

˷ǾϲЦۣķˡеĳҲûˣǰĲƺѾܵ˾⣬ҲһȻš
 ˣǰЩƮȻǸϺĵЯɣвʹһѪо׹ҸæƣһѸٽӽͤӡ
 ȴͤеˣǱˣԵԪ̸ʲôԵƵƵͷԪǣȻȷǡǣ
 ԵתҺܾȣ΢΢ĳɡõ羳Σ
 ǸղŶʲôܵ¡Ҹæ»ǹ񣬡Ľ羳μλү
 񣡡ԪãĿ䱸Ŀңôͻһ𣿾
 Ե֣Ҫ羳Σңҹġϲòΰ룬Խ˵Խ͡
 Եȴһѽҳȥ书
 Ҳܻ书𣿡үлú˵֣ղѪתһͷ͡
 ҲæֲҪΪ羳ΣҵĴ˵žͿʼʣʹﻹ˵ĺãò˵ˣҲָ̫ˣ
 ԵֻɿңԪæοǵûǡҰס̫Ѩ˵ͤӵһǣȴǿƲͷΣô
 䣡Ҵ󾪣ȴΪⷴӳԽԽңֻǼ뵽ѣͻ̫ᷢ£Ũת۾Ϊ˺Ҳ˾Ҫ΢ۡ
 ˸ԼȴѾƲסͻʹǱŷĺˮ޾һ񣬷ӶȥԻǹĵɫ޷ѹѪӿһѾڶĿĺ죬Ⱦںɫĳϣ̫ԡ
 æסңʧ룬羳ΡôѪҡôˡζԵѣղʲô㵽׶ʲôô
 ԵѺԪҵӸǴʧɫʲôûԵ޹Ļش
 羳ΣôˣղŻúõġԪΪ˷ŰæҼûơ
 ԵɫҲǽ羳Ρ
 ʱȴϣϳң˵Բ𣬻ֻǸһӵһеҲԡҪδ̫ݳޣǻʵߵУûл˵ĶҾӦոˣ
 ǿ޵羳ΣҲá
 ҲõڶʧûҵܷݣŬ񣬸ڹ괫һԤУڶһͺˣ
 ˣվ
 ǸæᣬվסӶЦصġֻǾɼѡؼҵվûˣһ˵ţϿ֡ǣ
 Ծ𣬷ϱߣںϽסҡҵһգҪ鵶ͤɱ
 ǵ£ǡڵؼҡһüѸٱԵĿңǣҪĲһӿѪŨҡ

 ٴȴǵڶգպĻƻ衣ӵҩζűϢȫѪѾظ˳ֻ򳤾õЩ΢ͷΣиɬ̡
 Ҫ𴲣ȴڴ߳˯ΰĴʱҲſţʧȥ˻ɥϴŵķ˿Щңݲ԰㲣ŨأһƬȻУɷǵȻ޴档
 ҪָˬɱģȴŽ϶ŷˣ˱ǣҼꤡ
 ϲĺۿѷ˷ϣ͹ң΢΢ŭ΢Цһֻŵľգ԰׵˲ɡ
 ⼸ɰˣҶ챻ڿˣݶӶĴѰҽһֱźǰ²һи̣ô˵ŵ
 ᣬкһã裬ҪˣǸɣңŮҼ࣬Ǹģ
 ˰ɣݶ̫࣬ܳࡣ˿ǳ˯꣬ϧ̾õ⼸աۻˣǺȥһû֪ûиоʳҩҲιڣڶԿڵĸιҩõ㰡Ƿ̫ˣ
 Ȼθտյܣ⻰ҾûκθˣιҩҵĲأ
ԺԵҪſ԰Ϊ϶ҵˣȴû뵽òİȴķɣ




 ڶʮ  ĺ΢ư

 
 ԺԵҪſ԰Ϊ϶ҵˣȴû뵽òİȴķɣ
 ΣҪȥˣߺߣҲѼħ˵ģֱӻҷɣ
 תͷ˿꣬˵öԣǷ̫࣬ȴ֪ôĴҲźǰ¡΢Ǳڷ˵ڣĬĬػߡ
 飬ƮȥɣĪ⣬һὫװѤˡһѹǡ¥ʱֿɵãʱǰȴòʱͻΧȴҪģ
 ծ̫࣡ûи벻ã޹ذ벻ȴǷծ⸶ؿһʹѪæơ
 õõֱִҵĶͷǰҲһ֮ɵǱ⡰һָģҸղ˵ûа˫ĿǴȰŭɵʲôʱܸĸģ
 ղ˵ʲô𣿡Ҳûѹû
 ҵɵŮεҡҡͷҵͷȰ˵Ҹղ˵ףһ㣬ҲòǶĿǷ
 ףǷ裬˵ʲôĿǷûǼ޸Ҳǲƽ
 㡭迴˿꣬ҵ죬˵Ǹ𣿡
 ֣裬ң겢Ҽ޸ŶôãҪҲͬĶԴһܴʲôҪáҵȻ֪ģҼʱͲʶҲ֪ʱûмҪʱȥʶɣԲԣ衪ҿͷˣ
 ˵ҲеҲգǵҲˣ㲻ܹ꣡ĵ߰ɣ
 ã֪ˣֺǺǵĴӦš
 ȳԣҲһԵ㣬ȥҩôˣ˵ųȥˡ
 ͻȻҾʧ룬ǲ֪ꣿθ̫գԲĻţοԼ
 ǰڴŵľϣ濴˯ݣȴ۽ǹΣѵղŵĻˣ
 ꡭѣһ˼ѣӦòʲôΰɡ꣬ôˣ
 ˯Ŀң㱶õǵ𣿡
 ʧЦ㲲ʹʹ䲻еʹģ
 ȻѣĻˣǺǣĻˣ޴ЦӵסңӵóأƵ͸ɴģ˵ɫʰɣ
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 ̧ͷһ㣬һɫĳۣɵľװ˿ںĸţҲɾˣˬࡣ
 ױ̨ͭǰصһЦӻɣǵڶΣͿԿ˵ǲʵˣ
 ˵ҪȴٿȻӵסңˣ㣬һҶ㣡ҪˣԺ󶼲Ҫʲôҳڷһʯͷ
 ҵָֻƽ˵˰µĲ٣ԺúϢһӣҲҪú˼·ûҪҵˣôأ
 һҺŪЩУ²üҪ¶С·ЦӣŨϣʱͣһ̣ǵĹƽ
 ԶȴϲɫĴ˸˽˱ӢĪϲԺɫ٣Ӷÿÿ죬ʱ¶
 滹мС˱һƷõ㿴˭ˣԶȶҿڣӶϵķۺȴЩȴҲûƽϡ
 ̶еӭȥ常п˶
ϷѵпգǣֻĲ¶ϲҲ˺ϲһϣ˵ŷԸС˽Ʒ¡




 ڶʮ ؽ޳

 
 ϷѵпգǣֻĲ¶ϲҲ˺ϲһϣ˵ŷԸС˽Ʒ¡
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 ǸҪϯȴ࣬ҪȥȴҴԴɱ˽õ书էνѪȻڣæϢҲɻʲô
 Ҹæܽ˴תװһҵԺӭӡ赱ڳ˵࣬Ϊɣرˡ
 ݣ绪ⲽŵӰ뵱ĻغϣһϵĽ۸΢ۡҼоԼȥЩ¡
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 ǺǣԭˣĽһ˼׼ӳףϼװǺǡЦţЩǧĸ߹룬羳ΣɻбõӭȢ𣿡
 ûûˣҲ޳ɽ׽飬ҿҲûʲôãΪκȻʡ
 濴˿ңȴһ˿ֻĵ٩˵˴ǰҲ˻ǹи̽㣬ǸĹ㰡Ǻǡ
 ԶͬʱȽڵĲǺסӶԶߣæã̲סŭĿҡ
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 үõٲĴ⣬ү̶̧֡̾Ϣ顣
 ⻰ĪҪ˵ˣ͵ûݺݵһߵ꣬㣬תȥȴ
 ʲô޷ҷĵף˶Һá˭˭ǶʲôԹʲôԼԼߣ
 ǰİ׻ǽ֣΢ܹͬҲڻˡΪξͲһ̡
 ˼̣ȴ̡϶ûлӦ͵ʧκʧ˳ʹ絶ʣ֮⣬ʲôķӳһпĿĸ
 ʱ˺Ҳ䰮Ĳģ֮γ˹Է䵭飬ѣ֮˺
 ʧ׻ֺγܡΪŸ˽ָоĿˡ
 ܿ죬һķӡ㼴̸΢΢дһױź
 ׻а취ˣŰ׻Դ΢Цʵ΢Цֻˣȷİ׻ˣӦǡ
 ׻ʵ˫Ѿϣϵ΢Цţţźȥظһˡ
գתã̽Ҳ٣ӣФǸҷڿࡢʼˣ̶ʱƷдӣҲԵ̽




 ڶʮ ˧ϴ

 գתã̽治٣ӣФǸҷڿࡢʼˣ̶ʱƷдӣҲԵ̽
 Ѿްֳֵȥɢҥƣ⼸ץסԿҪ֮£ǵڶܿ죬С˴ԣ߱λðƣĴ̫Եѡ
 С԰﷢ȴеĿ漴ڱңƺȴֻкڰ޳Ÿҵĳνɼң
 ڰ޳λ˧ҲǹѣȻܸˡĳ֣ѵ׽ꣿǼӦûжɣǡǺǡҵİɣѵ⿵ǻعⷵգ
 ղɼ˵Цı»ǲ޳Ц̸֮ȴ˿͸
 ޳޳ôЦɫӲɼң˴ǰջȡǣǸɼˣ
 ʧЦŸҵģ˼˭дģ
 ޳ЦЦ˴ǰ׻ϵУһ΢۵ģһǰ׻ģСŲļְ֣Ҳһ⣡
 ҽӹݹţȴ׻ȻǿһУӣллλ˧
 ͬ޳Ӳȴ˲٣ɼɫ԰׷ңѵ
 Ǻǣ˧۲ϸ΢ȷزҲǰ׻иŵԵɣ
 ԭˣɼ֢״ƺܵǣƣ޳Цܵһҫ۵󾪵Ǻ䣡޳һɫ쳣
 λ˧ˣ̾ڻ԰ʯϡ
 ֲ겻ᡭ޳һȻӣû˵ͱ޳Цϡ
 ǺǣɼһǿŰɣҪţҲôأ
 ţãȴ΢۵ţϲ֮飬ЩĻҲȻ޴档
 ΢ң⡭ôộҰֽȥĿȷʵֻһţҾֻһ仰
 ׻ǸԳЩȴҲֻһ䣬õʱһʻõŮӣ£ʲôţ
 ͷԣĻǵţΪҪҳܣõӣԸܺʴǾͻҷҲںһ겻ɢ㣡
 ֮εĿ˿ڰ޳ϣٸЩ䣬ȴͬɼңŰɣȻûˣ
 һ䣬īֽСʯϣôأ
 űʣ΢۵Ǿ仰΢ң˵ҵǸ΢Ҳǹң΢ףҰ㣡ٻȥǺǣ
 ׻Ǿ䣬ȴҸпǧʱҵȷʻã˿ءʵ׻˵Ůںħʱľزꡢ塢֮һУҲΪǳȥᣬŵֻʥýʥýΪְڣҵΪ΢۶ڣ
 ΣܾͬһԸ²ʵ֣ĿʼǿʼǸΣǽΣãҴʱҲڴˣڵظߣ
 ǰֵظĶҹ͵ժͬһŷڡ
 Žڰ޳С
 ɼңǽ͵Ķ˽޳Բ
 ЦЦܰҵǼͷҾͻջٱʱɫô˵һͼҵͷҾÿ
 Ǻǣԭˣ޳ЦЦȴƤЦⲻЦɼңͷǻҲӲȥ
 ˧˵öԣȻ˧뵽һ㣬ȻҲ뵽ģʱǻԶһãҺĵѡ
 ޳ЦѿԺ޳ʹ񣬵ǣɼұأǸǣ
 ã˧ߣ΢ЦͬʱʧȻתá
 س֮һйƽȴλ󽫣ҽ̽ķתλӡԪȻƢ꣬ȴǴһ
 ͤмѪּ֮ǶҺܺãҵ̬ҲиƣʱȥǵĹ壬ǳ˹ֱ֮⣬ȴ֮
һͻԪ٩ǾˮŵҲȱ㣡ʶ֮ˣۺûͷ΢ЦҲһҵע⡣




 ڶʮ ش̿

 
 һͻԪ٩ǾˮŵҲȱ㣡ʶ֮ˣۺûͷ΢ЦҲһҵע⡣
 ʮһ£ҹ絶Ҵ鷿˸սѲҹĽСѲںĻУ롣ʹҲҹĵģյƻ𣬲ղҹ
 Ҳ³̨ףշǣһƬãȻԾĽĿת򱱼ǿž޴ǡ
 Ľ羳ΣôûȴԪ٩ŸŵµС̫࣬һɫĽ£ְɫ磬Ķţϵ΢ЦǡôС
 ҪȴȻҵļ򣬵ˣ΢΢һЦҲգֵ˲ͣҲ٣Ϊθʻּ
 ǺǣҶûʲôоλӾͦãѾҲٽȻŹŵķߣҲŲǶܣȴҲֻҧ߶Χתתů
 ԭˣȻȴΪƲ֣ڸߣӦǳ購۲컹ϸҲģ
 ΪҲҪҵˣҳʵвҪ׷˵ģ
 ŻȻֲռϳʱѰ٣Ǻǣԭˣ⼸ңҲΪ˰ɣ
 һ˵һӿܾñãʧЦֺγǼãΪվ˶ԷʵԷȴվҵһӰԼͶݣھĿ
 үƺԳע
 ǺǣϵÿһҶעֻǶһۼܿ͸ȴǿ͸ЦЦҳʱΪڴĲ˹ŮɳǰõΪһ˫۾񣬶ͬ
 ҾĬĬõĿ϶Ҳõķ񶨣
 ⣬ȴ֪Ҫҵʲôˣ
 Ĺʴȣ飬ֻĵͬʱеˣ˵ҵҲ֪ʱҵ
 Ȼܸӣҹڣĵ⳯ϵȷҵĶҲѷ֡
 үǷֹˣҼס
 ͷ˿ס֣ʧЦҡҡͷҾԼʧ̬æ֡
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 ţҵͷ͸վüġҪգſԽ尾̲סתűǿǣ˼꣬ղ
 Ԫ٩Ҳܰվţڿʲô
 ǿǣ֮ǣһߵͻĵǣ˵ţȴ̲סɬ
 羳Σ㻹ˣԪ٩ҵļ
 ɬ΢΢һЦǺǡŶҹˣүصްɣԼͿԣֳڹҡ
 Ǻãһ·Сģ
 ҹתȥȴȻһʵתһȴϤ䵶ʱһУԪ٩ȥԪ٩ǲӭС
 Ԫ٩ŵС̫ȣ̿ͣץ̿ͣѲҹĽ߱
 ˼йȴŴ˵ʽЩİѵĽֵ֮һȴֲϣеһΪݣ任ʽǴ͹Լ˵䵶д̣Ϊҵİȫ룬Ǹд̣
 ڰУȴ䵶ѾҴڰе磡ԾԪ٩ĹȷһܽһСѵĿɱң
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 ѵĽ֯ɱֲֵܵ񣡣ΪλɱأΪһٷǸĿԪ٩Ŷ԰⵽Ϊʲô
 Ԫ٩ûпһṦ򣬴ŷסҵļ磬ҪԼҵһ
 ĿյС̫ҲתȥȣҽҸǱȻΪУǴ̿Ҳѱ⣬ֵеһ
 ܿ콫ǰΧԪ٩˫ۻҵļϣϾ˱һ֣ѵү̿ˣ
 ޣæɿңŵʵˣ
ûУүܾˣҹĲ룬кȻֵĹĸңѾ֪Ů




 ڶʮ ľ

 
 ûУүܾˣҹĲ룬кȻֵĹĸңѾ֪Ů
 
 ղӦƿб̲ס̾𣬲ԽǻүصɣȻתȥľƣ
 ̿Ŀɰ
 羳ΡԪ٩ĺǲĽҲٻӦֻǼӿ˽Ų羳Σһлû˵꣡
 үĽݴԶˣʱˣصɡС̫ĵš
 ߳ţȴδҡصңȴֵܴڴãɫʧȥƺһ˲ֻˣ
 ʲôˣȻü쳣ÿʱ趼ӭңŴ΢ЦҶ˳ҹҲųҡ
 Ľ֯ǲʱǣ׿ڵͬʱ䵶Ҳһ
 ͽϴɱҵĴ̿йأҲ裬㣬¶ĺӡΪʲô졭ΪҪңҪȴҪߣ
 ҺȻ컹һδáԺУеķ߿Ըӣ׶죬ɬִҪߣҷ㵽ף̧˫֣۳ɫĹȻҫ۵Ĺâת۳һġ
 ϥϯض񣬵һȥɣҵ˶תĳǿֵܻ
 õҿȴΧ˽磬޷ұ񣬲ܸоϢ
 ʱѪһʧ֪˶ã˥ʱطľϲҷĵı۾оĿеĸ㡭
 ڶһʱһӶȫȫĹڴǰȴһ£һ£Ŀ͵ڴϣš
 Ҷ˶ָˣι裬Ƕأ¶޶ԶĺӲáһû˵꣬תû΢Ц˹ȥǻݶ¶
 ӶһЩ㡭ˡҲˣ
 ࡢסԶĺˣֻ껹ģϲסңõ˶𣿺Ǻǡ֪һа취ġֿЦĲ֪˵ʲôãֻǱ
 ȿȡ꣬ˣҿҪϢķſҡңǶôˣ
 Զȴڵõǻ֮󣬾ȫѾûκϢһطǡҹ
 ǺǺǡԭˣ΢΢һЦҵظһȦңҾۻˣǺǡ
 ǵҵıӣЦǺǣ㰡ʡʡɣҸ˵һǶţ
 飬飬飬࣬ףԶء
 ұǶѹȴִⲻǶϣţȥ³Ū緹ˡ
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 羳Σ㿴·ӣ޿οӵݸҡ
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 羳Σ羳Ρ
 Թ庰Ҳ¡ղΣ˵ʲôҸû
 ̧𰵺˫ң޸ղΣ
 Ŷ͸˼·ٴʵΪ񡭡
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ֱֹǧ£羳ԶԷθĻ׳ֻۣ




 ʮ ձâڱ

 ֱֹǧ£羳ԶԷθĻ׳ֻۣ
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 ûУ
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 Ǻǣ֮ͣҳݣҿʼͷʹѵ˻ǹķģŮװҲֵܹȥһŮӡǺã
 ޿ó㡭תתʱ˫ѾָǰҲӲ࣬ǣ޲㲻Ҫȥˡ
 ǣּȻϲȴΪ̬ȺȻת䣬Ѷϡ
 Ф֮̿£Ҫܳ飬Ԫ٩ƶԷǴ䵶пܻھ֮ڡ֮üޣ򲻿ɽй¶ɣҪʱǳնɱ
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 ҸæȴФǰԺпŽѲ飬ֵ񣬺޲ܽʬΡ
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 Ȼֵ˵ҲֻܴӦˣһЦѲĽСѣ
 ԶȥʡѣǹҲģ
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 ͬ
 Ȩ֮ƣɻ᲻ɱǣɱǣҲҵļ˲ⲻңҵĽ趼Ůӣ¶УҲκ⡣ڲֻǵĹ̫ǣФѾɵ£ôͨ󣬿Ҳ˲
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 ԶϧĿңҲ֪˵ʲôãֻֽҷɣ
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 ҿЦҪ˺ģ̸Уɱңܵûģɱ㣬ǾͻרְⶨȻҲǹ˼
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 ȻǰǶǸҵȴʱʱԽãԽǲͬһˡҲΪˣԪܵĳޣһϰ




 ʮһ սͻΧ

 ȻǰǶǸҵȴʱʱԽãԽǲͬһˡҲΪˣԪܵĳޣһϰ
 ԽôΣΨһиůļңҹЦܰ磬¯ʢůģӳÿһЦǾӭ¡׷ɵĴѩƮλãż꣡
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 󽫶ϱ˱Թ򲻿Ϸбʱھף޲ݣʹսҲͶ
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 Ȩҵȷ˽⡣ֻԵ̻ۡ
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 ҺʣµʮڷƴɱȴɾͣʮѾʣ




 ʮ ޳Ⱥǻ

 ҺʣµʮڷƴɱȴɾͣʮѾʣ
 ФѾԹϿȣҵĶʱигѶԲ㣡ֻǣɱԹ壬ѲҲ棡ա
 һ񣬱е߳һţٴʱһɭ䵶ȴѼڲϣֻͶָһú
 ȴû뵽һʹа͵Ϯ
 ڶһʱڸֱϵ˿ʹࡣ
 ΧĽŲܶ࣬ɢҶأ΢΢۷Լһһܸŵһ侫׳ɱ
 һͬ˳ĳĸξ²֮⣬һˣһĿװ߰Ѫ׶˿ңֻһ棬ãֱͦŨüͭɫģһʶġ
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 ΪʲôҲܣȥģȥ׷ϴФ϶ΪλţӻؾǣһỳɣΪδڹɣȴôˣ
 ҵģҴʱֻϣһ٣ֱϵ˿ڸԭټһЩУûˣ
 ֪˶ãһ죬ҲǼ죬ǻıһֵĳСĿȴڷڡ
 ˶˵װ磬ڳǰ˻źɳɳŮ˷ܲѣɳʲôɳʿǹŴżݣڳҶӡķϮǱֻǳǰѣôһϣһ£
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 пЦֹ̫ˣ֪㻹ʲôϲֻǸҵľΰʥýǴġСǿܡܡ²ζ
 ǰ˺ʿֵĿңȺпšӣӣӣҲȺ֪ɵǿ
 ۣҲۣǳһ·ĵڹǼܾҪʱֱһ޴ηҺﲻǴƵˮΣҲûͳӣܸɾɾʲôûУľźҪʳùûС
 콫˹Ҳȿ־ǣշзΪԶԣܡ
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 лģʶôʱȴ˼칷ƵĴ󹷹ɭ̵۾񣬡ɭ̡ⲻǹǣһƥǣǵʳ
 иһϷⲻǼװĹ޳
 ΧˣȻЩιĳΪϵͬĻףһƥȦһƥŴСͷһƥɫףһƥźڽƵȦ
 źڽȦǸһë˫ĿѶң׶صëȻȺ²Ѿһš
 ҲǣǽյһûùһȺǻᡱüޣ
 סƽƥǣɢһǻ۹Ǽͬһ²ĴνʿǷʬ
 ˣǺãҽĻС
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 ȦǸѾߣģҪ뿪ƥҲ˹
 㻹ԥǣǸԣÿȦҲֻǻҰɣôڡҼ
 ˵ˣҲģ˵ôߣڽȦƥˣҲ
 Ѿҳһţţҧҧѵлˣɵô԰ǡtnndһؽѺעأ




 ʮ ˼ξ

 
 Ѿҳһţţҧҧѵлˣɵô԰ǡtnndһؽѺעأ
 ҧˣդŰţһƥҧ֮Ȼʧ٣ͬǼαһʧˣ
 ˲ҽаǸǷݵɳҲ˾֣˿ʼУ
 ЦǵĻңﳩ죡죬һϷ
 ΪʲôûкȺһ뿪ΪˡĽ꣬˫ˮȴŷŭȴһֳȻʣһڽӳĳ޳ͦεˣɷɢ䡣
 ǰֻǾԶ˧ûԭߵ۵ģΪԶͬûôʱȸܵɲ⣡
 ߹ȫͻȻһ޼ɵЦˣ˵ֱεĶΪʲôҪĴΪʲôӣ
 ִӻгǸɫ˿ϸϸĲᣬһ䵶Ĳϡ
 û⣬ǲĺϸ᲻ǡô۽ǣǣաеϧ밮ҲűŷҵҲҡǶһԶ
 һȴˣɱ˵ʱҲӦģǰҵĿţдᣡ
 ס֣Ǹ˿ѾˣҲҸģЦЦˣҲٿޣʵûʲô˼ֻ֪
 ллңڼϵǰѵȥǰһ룬Ѹȣ˵أˣźס
 ꣬ץķ²㲻ܴߡһͷǶźڱʯñӣžߵƳˣסǡ˳ݵɳҮݸ磬ʮ˾ţˬȻ߹󣬿˿ңмһˣȴֲᣬû湻ߡ
 ûпֻǴ׿ңܱǸץˣⲻǷ²ҵŮˣ
 ٷ˵ҲǴιԱƷôŮˣ꣬㣬ôܻŮˣȻǲŹаΣգѾǰѺɫ䵶ιԱŮˣҲҪ֮󣬲ܷˣ
 Үݸ磬㲻Ҫ̫ᣬᣬɷҲ
 ˭۸ЩĽϵ˰¿ŵأңͻȣ²ֻɳԺǺǡɣҸҲڴˣ㿴Űɣ
 ĸǱԺˣԲʮңĿȴִЩ֮һθǻĿţñϵĴʯҫ˫Ŀ
 ǰ΢΢һЦȴҲûж¶ȣ꣬²ȵ¶֮㣡ģƴȥȰɣԴλԺδأĿԻͣѵȣԺŮ
 ɷֵͻȻʧˣղŽҵִʱЩ漴㽫ҷȻ˵Ҳֻܴ˵ţֵͷҵգ㣡
 ҵԴûתѾתȥξͻȻصʵпʵ
 ǸԺҮݸʹɫұ㱻ʿ뿪դ仯˷˼ںҿЦ
 תͷ˿ղűҶɫ˿դһ֧ľϣɪɪղҲӣв̡
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 ұһѾѾţҵ֡ʿѾ߶ȥ֮ǸҮݸѾվſڣŮӰ벽ɱۣ˵꣬ſڵʿţ
 ŹϣҲȴܱդܣⷿԵĺȵӦоУмΣڼ仹д죬ױ̨ԡ裬ԡˮµġŸɾˮϼյһɢ
 ˣðײãҴԴϳ˴˼ɾԡͰԱߣѹ·ȥˮһݣƣ۾ԴҲࡣ͵ղһΰɣ
ĽǸһ쵰ΰʥýҲָȶν




 ʮ 꼻

 ĽǸһ쵰ΰʥýҲָȶν
 ˿ϵִ·﷭ղŵ˿ˮϴϴ
 ţɾˣɫָ̧ȥ⣬ʻſŬգգۣˮϴ˰죬Ŀˣô£
 ĹâԽԽǿң۳һɫĹâһҵüģӴһһЩҵӰˮӿҵԺͷʹѡ
 ŬЩӰȴ֮ǰɳǰõм䡪Сеļ䣡
 ڿǸδıĸװβֻСޡܹݣͦʣ赣һŹ⻷ˣ̶˵ģҵüĿĺòҲֻŴ֮һƶѡ
 ҵ̤ʵȻδı棬ѹŵʯͷҲȥһֵδáһףһ˾޵ĸסȴʧ䣡
 ˸㣬ҵһķ
 ɳǰõͯúҸβҵͷԣҶ˿һ˴۲ѣǽĸŮָ֣һƽִʵҸӡ
 ɳǰõʮ꣬βȥˡɳǰõȥһҷľ¥ڰǰ˴̴࣬һŮӣɴǰߺޡǰһŮӻˮ˵˼ǰβܾ֮ŷһ࣬ɳǰõеĻᶼûУŮӱˣ
 һ޵ɱ䣬Ϊֱ
 ȻɵˣˣʶУβ衭ʱҹһԺıɵЦΣиŹ⻷ĸףûҲѣС鰡
 βһȥ̼Ҷ۸ͷϣɳǰҵҲһǧɣûа취ֻܴŮΡǣɳĮУʥýת
 ĹâȴûɢȥһѨ߾⼸յƣȻʧؿڷ·ЩѹһϵˣȻþȣϻͯˣ
 ʧ֪ǸĽˣȴû뵽ⱻҶ˿һ޴ľϲ
 ϴ裬ϸɾ·پˬȴҲǼꤣͷҶʳˣ޼ɵЦűĵϣ۾˯һΣһǾ޵ϰ֡
 ҪԺãȺã˯ã񣬹һתƻȥ裬ҵĽģȻѰҰ׻ĲǣţҲ
 ʱѾͣӵѴ򿪣ƺкܶˡãû˰ҳѣ˯ǲ붯ǲ˵ɴҼ۾˯
 ˯죬㻹û˯磬ʳ˶ҩһŮӣӦһŮΪͺ
 ʧЦԭҩ۾ȴҵϣŮһ˫۾ܴȴףҲͬĺܴٺƯһȴ֣һõϣеȴôôŤֻ˵ŮˣһõĳۣƯñӣõıõʣ
 ĸѾߣˣԵĽ˶
 Үݸʧңеľ޻ûȥŮֺڶΣŵʳУԡͰˮҲУбҲУװҲУǺǡȣ
 ôֱҩӣ˴£˲ɣʧЦǣȻüĿͱӶֻҮݸȥһЩ
 ҿʼŵ磬˧ۣ˧Գꡭ֨֨֨䣡
 Ϊ㻹ܵ겢֪ѾӦ˱¸ǵĴͻ飬֮󣬾ǵĴ飡˵ĺ䣬ȴβסеϲá
 ΢΢һЦױ̨ӳĳһͷɢģӰһ߰뷭ţһߵǺǣԭȿĽһνŮò֮ͣϲϲţаţӣ
 ҪͷҮݸȴһߣǹģҲҩŵЧҲֻܾ̾˵ϽϽ̬ĵز
 磡һҮݸǸļɵѸߵ
 Ҿ㣬Ҳôʹ죬һ㿴Һ飡ҹԹԴ⣬ӣ˵ڵĸѾ뿪
ʹ죿Īܣΰʥý磬ҪҲ绪ߣô˵Ҳиô绪ϰ֡ÿԻԻȣ




  ʮ  ˸߻Զʱ

 
 ʹ죿Īܣΰʥý磬ҪҲ绪ߣô˵Ҳиô绪ϰ֡ÿԻԻȣ
 ģһ㻻һӣûҩģҮݸ
 ˣһȽϺã֪ҩǰƸļϵĻҳҪȻٻһ䣬һǷ˴ҩģǺֲܿ԰ɣ˧磿
 ҮݸʧЦңʼԴ²Ѿ٣Ľĳײû̫˸УȻѾιǵҮݸˡ
 ˸У꣬꣬Ҫ꣬Ҫˣ˭ܵţǺˣҲңҸͬĸ顣ȿȻôеλǳӦúܺãô˵ţȴԾü
 ȳףɱ㣡˵ĺƽڳѾʵϲ
 ΢΢һЦȻˣǣҾ͸ӦȥμǵĴˣ
 Ϊʲôò˼顣
 ˣմϲóԺúһǺܿ
 һóԵĺúȵֵ˵ҲֻЩܻߣϲ˵ʵˡ
 Ľ꣬Ī˵ңڻӰŭʳԵˣӦñ
 պҹ¹ѩ͸顣ڴϷȥ֪꣬òֹⳡ顣䷢ʱ²ҹչңһʼնǷġԽԽ꣡
 һЬûֻһ˯ۣתݶ
 ķ䣬ǴЩɪŲڱϣѸϮȫ˿˯۱ĴƮУҵķ걻Ժû޾ҹϨ
 ȻԼСûκѾϵʹŮ죬ƢθġǵģҶԲ꣬Ҳ޷ƽĿͬŮ˳ɻ飬ΪʲôΪʲô
 űǿɫǣʹ΢ۣһǧĵȴһǧļ尾һ˪Ȼӣ׵İõ߹ô࣬ҵƣۣƣ۵Ĳ֪Լ˭
 ΢ۣǺҵˣ಻ڰԼĽ㣬ǣʱҵȴ磬ɪį׸ô죿
 Ѷҵ˺ѾǰزҲ˺꣬Ҳһû˸Ҹô죬ȻȴΪȴе
 ãѾ͸ȻĶݼϣãȻҹա䲻ܽ˶ȴѾӲľĻΪһУĸ
 ɳȰõɳȰõأǰ˸ҿȥˣҮݸ¶ŵĻ˵أ
 ɳǴ粽롭
 ĻȻֹΪѾվҮݸ˫Ŀǿ־壬֪ԼӲ̫ãͷɢһ£Ȱ֣ûмѾܲˣҮݸ磬
 ҮݸҲһת㡭㡭ôᡭ
 һӸزסңߣ뿪ˣùʳУڡ
 Ҳǡôôߣ
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 ţϵľЩĪ˵ʲôɡ㲢ң˵Ҫȫȵģ
 ҷˣꡣ˵վңΪλ֣ܲңǵģܲңҲ˵ԼġӦõźźʲôԼ
 ͷʧһ㣬ȶ˵Ѿˣ
 Ѿˣôܣ֪֮ˣšĺܿЦ
 סЦҡҡλε壬֣صҾ㣬ɱȴǱ˹Ľ֯ڵĻʹԺ޳ԹûбҪһݺǣԲ㣡
 ܣ
 ˵ֻǸַܵҮݸݲõԲҲ㡭
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 ߴһźѾߣ񾪾壬УѸٵ˯Ѩ
 ꡭõὫѣƿӣȴϲźɴҼҸ£ؿڱѪȾ͸ˣĿĵĺ죬ɱѡλá




 ʮ 

 
 ꡭõὫѣƿӣȴϲźɴҼҸ£ؿڱѪȾ͸ˣĿĵĺ죬ɱѡλá
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 ΪҲᣬΪ̫־᣿ʧЦĸȥɴȴؿϵļѾҳûļ⣬ͣб˲ռײռ
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 ꣬ǲˣƽҲû㻰ô࣡ǱŻ˰ɣ¹ˣҺ߸оĺǰߣṳ̊ʵĵ׵ů
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 ʮ ȫʤ

 æֹͣһжɥ̾ԴҵľѣƵĵʲôǵá
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 ̾һŹϣüȻҪˣҲûҪ㣡Ҫ˵ҪţҲ湻ӵģФĽݣ
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 ҮݸֵĽ֯Ƿеģÿˣ֮˲ʶ֪Էѱ䣬ʱǣƣФ̶Ϊ常ƷǰͲõģ
 ͷҲѹֻǿˣλüë֪Ϊ˻ȨһФڻʵߣɱĻܶ࣬Ϊʲôǲֱɱ
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 Ϊʲôȴ⻰˼ѵԿطȥʱФ̶ٵԹ壿
 ֻҪλڧͲϣ͢ԵѶİʯҲǵ֮
˵ǾУ̫ˣ




 ʮ ޿̵ķ

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 ҮݸЦ̾ڿѾ̫ˡһжǱµİţЩӣһ˲ľ֣
 £ղǸȰĿӡӡʤǲһһ⵹ԷɹʤѾˣ
 ˵꣬Ҽв˷ڿУܿɿڣĵͷڵĳţ𣿡
 ûУɫȻĿҼвˣŽУ׽
 
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 ΢΢һЦ۾ȥˣ
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 ұô°ذףֻΪȣҲΪԼ
 ˵ʲôŬ֡
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 ҵĶԽԽ죬ԽԽ鶯ҲԽԽ죬ǳ޷ܵġ족ʯˮ
 һסʱһԲǸԲʱ˵ʺˣУһ˵رҴ̴İѵ֮ǲŵȥصڵϣĸŨصľ̾ţ




 ʮ ֮

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 ʮ رջ

 ݸ磬鷳֪λɵ˭ףעԴǣҲĺˡޣˣѡ֪߳ܡĸдֽϣ̵
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 ɿҡʱ֮ھʣҺͻʵֱۣɤӵȥԣһӦ




 ʮһ ׺µ

 ɿҡʱ֮ھʣҺͻʵֱۣɤӵȥԣһӦ
 ˵ҲǿҵŸոտʼ
 һҪĽݴʵȨҪشΣԺܣҪˣһһҵƿ֮С
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 ûڶҪ糯ڳ棬ȽԼʥּұĽݴʥּ
 ʧЦʥּͿˣ
 һʥּǽꡢࡢסԶĽ֯׷ɱǣǵҪһҪڳ֮ϣ
 Ľ֯Ĺؾǣÿһ˵Ľ֯Źǣ
 ض˶ģҶ˵ĸֻϵӣһţ⼸ŲܾĳɰܣִⲻϷŹǣֻʲˡ
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 ɴ۾ƺɱңȴҲһĿ־壬̾һãҴӦ
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 ΢΢һЦûи𡭡ǹ
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 Щ£ȥĸʱĸ̧ɱûж֣вΪϲΪĴΣʵϣɻ飡
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 Ľ֯ÿһεĴᣬ칧ĿתĿңұĽչ




 ʮ Ľݴ֮һƳ

 Ľ֯ÿһεĴᣬ칧ĿתĿңұĽչ
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 ʮ һŶ

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 ҡԼŪʹˡһֻĺëۣѪѾȾڳĵİ£ӣһѪֱϡ
 էһ˿ڣʼԼղãһεԼǻ̫ˣ
 ŵ㡭ҰҩϺõҩģ°̺ۣüͷʹԼȰҰ˿ԵѪϴɾҩϣҳû˿һָԭϾ




 ʮ ׽

ŵ㡭ҰҩϺõҩģ°̺ۣüͷʹԼȰҰ˿ԵѪϴɾҩϣҳû˿һָԭϾ
ҩƬ̾ˣװȵ̾ţسۡ
Ŀ˿ϵҩ֣̾ҩˣƽҲûָЧ
Ǻǡлүˣһм£ˣ·Ҳнϵ˿ڻָ
ûƳ˹ţɣסңѵ
΢΢һЦҲǵһϤĺܣүİɣ˵ֱ꣬ܵսǴѾصС
ʱϦգݶŰԺˣңֵʣõôˣղĻôʱŵңʲô£
û£СƢҼԺ
ݶҲĵĸҿͷԸܷȥźˣѾѾˣȹȥȥ
Ŷ룬ȴѹܷ׵Ļȣңҵĺҵ֣õΪʲôҪҡ֪жమ𣿡
ܷ񲢲⣬УûȫʧǣȿҡС㣿
žĻݶѾˤڵϣȥƣһƴϣһƴܷϣľˣ˴롣ﻹܷ֣ʱһ󾪻ʧ룬ҡҡ
Сûû۸Ľ̫ˣܷ㣬Ǽ㣬㲻ɣݶ̣Ұοõ
С㣬Բ𡭡ҡҡܷңеѾȴľΡ
ȴûôֻζӣıŤ˵壬֪˵ʲô֪ô˵Ͼһֱ޷ĸ顭Ϊǰ׻ĲǣҲŶи;ɣţ˵Լ
ץסҵļ򣬡õԲҲǹģĲ֪ܷ񡭡ǣ֪ӴϰҶ£һȥȾƣ϶ǰڼչ̫˽ңͲͻݵŮӣȻ֪пƣԽһ䡰ҲǹġͿԻ⣬أҵ˭⣿
ͷʹѣһ̺һһˮģ˫ۣ㱼΢վҵǰὫӵ뻳΢ԶֻڱȰźõĹؿںʹΪңңڵĵȴ
ǰһ̱Ԫ׷ɱԵĿûǹҡûңܷһ׮Ӣ۾ָġ
ǡ˾ɣ粻ֹҸȥ˭˭һУƿǰ˿񱼶õõݶ󺰣Ľ꣬ʲộҲ㣡
һڽˣҵθһ޹ĺûʱѾꤣЦǣߵĶʳңʱȴ޷ġ
ҿһ书ΰʥýڼĥ£ѾʲôˡԺû˭ݳ޵ȥƽϸ飿
һһķׯ͹¥ѡ˸λúã˿ֱߣСܿΪһĻóԵĺúȵĶ
Ƭ̱꣬˸ãûע⣬һԾ˴ӡ
ϰ壬ŮûأˣСۼ⡣
Ǽ׷ϰô֣Ҳѹôľ¥Ȼƭƭȡ
¥ݶϣżװˣͷֵ˱ȥã٣ô⣿ȻֵҲݶϹȥ
ͷһףⲻҵĶ𣿡ô⣿
Ҹղžλӣֻûע⣬ĽķˣٺЦԱߣղųԵһаӣ
üֻѣôࣿ
ǼҲǾ׸ôʵǮûУ´ңװžֵӰɣ
ĿĽҵ˶ʯ壬һҹģ׳Ʊ
Ǻǣ˵װǴɳҮݸ͵ģëûУϺõģԴʱԵĺüƥꡭ
ߺߣ㻹ʹйϵЦôã㲻ĳ檰ɣ²ţԼƷԣΪĽأһŮ̶򡭡
ȻǸУ߶Ѹ˿׵ĽֵһԾ˼ݶͣ¡
ǸԺȥЩ죬ȴֺİﵱȻ书ҲԵ·ԴԵ·ظԺ˽صءĽңȻҲ̶Ķ󸮡




 ʮ 첨֮ҹ


ǸԺȥЩ죬ȴֺİﵱȻ书ҲԵ·ԴԵ·ظԺ˽صءĽңȻҲ̶Ķ󸮡
ϳɫĵܰûпˣĵģȻ˵ĵطȥҸ˯һҿɲȥЩǽҰûǮȥջ
ҪԾȥȴסңȥʲô
˯Ҳһ첨Ĺүؼңʲô
˯ȥİ˼˯ʧЦ
ôˣʲô𣿷ô෿Ҳ˷ѣסһֲ͵ס˼˯ůͣϸϸķ
ãȥɣ֡
㲻ҪˣҾ
ţڣתݶһȥ
ԺԾȥǰԺӦסģԺмƹ˸סġһȴûеƻӦûס
һܣſڴ,ȷûʲôƴڡ˼Ҿǲһ㣬ûסҲôůͣҳúϣպ£һȻˡ
ȴһվ˴ǰǱˣѣ˵ô겻ɢϽѵϨˣ˼˷ˣҾסˣ
Ǻǣ˼ҾӵˣϾأʼЬӡ
Ҹæ´ôôСҳҲطһ𼱻ǵ´ǺãҲүϢˣ
ţǺãˣĽķˣߣٺЦźС¡
Ҫţȴ˵Ѷ˯ҶѾһȵ˯ͷۣ۶ӵ谡Ҳ߯ʱˣ
ҶŬҡͷ֣ȴûֱšֻŵĶãѸûвغãֱӽŴ򿪣
˽֮󣬰ϣϧѣԶӣԺ׼ҹĳȥȾˣ
Ҳȥ˽ĶӸϵǲ֪ǸΩ̣µĸҽʲôĽ羳ΡҲֻܷһ¡˵Ź˹˰Ⱦ
ţ˹ҲֻҪ㲻ǸĵһͺãվֵʱӣףѶûȥʲô̻֮ذɣ
޹ĵˣôȥֵط
ôһ㣿ˣλĽķϾͺ˵űҵķߣŮ˵ı˵ĽķˡǸѵһĴˡףѶ㵲ʲô
ŶˣȥЪŰɣҲûʲôֻ˹͵һڷζģȼˣѿʼ
ԭˣǺãЪŰɣڳȥ
һȦãûҵӰף֣ôûˣ
һ´ӷȥ󣬰仰û˵ֱӳš
ȴסңΪѵˣ°ɣ˯˯ϣ
һգռѵĴֱڰգҺķˣǵȵʱ˷մ˷׷Ҫˣ
ǰҪˣϴŶ²УᷢùģؼһװҺǺǵЦŽ͡
װ𡭡Ҹ׾ˡ֨֨ĵ
ǺǣҵװǼǧӵģпһٻģ
Ȼ̾˿ʵ֮ҾͰϲ£˵ĽȢףҵһѾͷΪһ£ӳɻ顭
һ£Ҳ˵һ֮ǰѾҵĽҲ˸һʱǴѩѹɣȻֱͦȴѱˣ
û°ɣСĵʡ
ãĻŴҵĴԣѣҼԵˣҪִǺܳɫĹмߣҲʺ˽̽һ
һǻؼˣص˼ҡҳƵ͸һڳ磬Ʋɫǲ԰ף˫Ŀס
ϯңһܷѾߣʱһˮ̵ĳۣŨױĨ޶ˡ
ߵİĵĿڵѣԵ㷹ɣĸģûгԵģȵģ˾ͻˣĸܳˣ϶Сͷ˽ң
죡¶ŸвˣҲԵɣõҲСˣճɵɵҲչԼģû׼ȥ常ң常һ۰һ극ҺȥǱҰɣ





 ʮ εļ


ԵɣõҲСˣճɵɵҲչԼģû׼ȥ常ң常һ۰һ극ҺȥǱҰɣ
ԣԣ裬õھѿɶˣ˵ȥѼҴˣӶҲЦſڡԶסֹٿڡ
ݶȴһӿӣϯ׷ȥݶôˣ
ҳԲ£һõʧǵӣҾ͵ģСǱݶ
ҲСοģĸ˵Ů·Աܶණĸ˺ܶණأ
Ƕĸû˵ȥĵطʵ
֪С˪ʮ֡ĸ˵ϲչȣһֻϻһ˧磬һֻС棬һԴ򡭡
⻰Ҽε
ֻܷĳԷ֮⡣һڽ£ڣûκżʧӡ
ҳ̾һվǷģҲã
ݶһطվһߣһϣܻصǰӣûǳףֻΪƿǡҶԲ𰬳βõ۰ġǱû
裬˵ɵˣõֻһʱƢ
Ҳͻݶһֱ¥ķ䣬ҲԻŽȥ裬ŮТˣ
õ辪ȵתѾͷðģ
ǺǣһֱķϣڶˣҪԷ˵ǰȥסҲݶĸŮֿЦһš
һ˼ңסһΣȴֲģҰᵽ̶Ķ󸮡
̶ʹˣֶ۰мѡФ֪Ľݴ֮ҲҲûйұɷ²Լ
󸮵˳ƺҡõС㡱,ס̶ڶ󸮶½ԺԺиײƽģһĸӣ沿֣ΧֲźɣƮݣһϡ
̶ʱŹڳи߳ˮϵ࣬ŵİˣĺһЩ˼οһ¹١
һһİӣСһʱҽ¡һԺſڵʯǾĽ꣡ûйֹҲԼȥľˣ㲻ҵ
ڴͬӣ˶ٲůģԵѣԵ·ҲһȨ档ͬҲڲͬˣѰο壬ֻͣĲ棬ûı΢ۣ
꣬ǲСģܷ˹
߰ɣҲ㣬úöԴܷ񣡡վһ֮˵
̶ҲȰҪִšõѽ˵ϣȥɣվҲǸͽţ
ûߣҪصĵϡν׻˵һ˵£ʱãĲǵҪʯˣ
Դϴθξ֮ɾϮγ߾ԹʮֵģҵΪݴʷŹء
֮󣬴ʮŹءҵΣżҲֻмǧ⡣
ҵǸͳսĸ֣ڳıߵѸʮȻٻ¡Ѵ󲿷ڴݣӴ켸ĵشС·ƵŹر˺󷽡
ɱϽһ·ûֿڵ⡣Ȼ溰ɱ죬ֻ̳һ֧ӱɱͻȺҿɱ
ɱ޷Ū˶ľսݴңĶֵˣ׷Ӵܡҵ׷ȥɱ˴ɱɱһɳ壬׽һԱɽ
ŹشԺҵԶɱһţŷɥҽ档Ǹҵ˸ţ޵С
ҵĹ´£
£ֵģףִһᱡʥýɴ£԰رߴµԱ˿̶ʯƷ
İ˪ߣߴﹾ߶ŰͰǵƤΰ¼ǹЦ
ſڵվ紵ɹƤڵģ·ĳһʯͷ
ŵֺǺǵĴǰԺҲĽǿϰԵƹĶҵõС㣬ǰԺ˿ˣһλɵĹӣ˵ҪĽݴ
ĸĽݴ˪סҵ֣ĸȥɣ
ţãʶʶĸҡĽݴĹɣ
õȥɣҺ常ȥԺһ˪ݣ˰Ȱĵ





 ʮ  μԾǧ


õȥɣҺ常ȥԺһ˪ݣ˰Ȱĵ
ɵĹӣһװɫĽ£ӢͦΣü뷢ǴϣҮݸ磡
ڼˣɳǰõǰҸæȡŬԣ̾ʶһߵĽݴǧǧǧ꣡
Ҷ԰˪һգۣĽЦݵĿңĸ
ˣݸ磬ڼͲضˣ˪˰ɣλҵŮԺԳƺ˪
ǣ˪ãǴɳҮݸ磡ҮݸϷаۣ˷ܣһӵ
ε̾ϢӴǧҡ
˪ȵĿӵ漴ֱı̵ҫĸˣǺǣ
СĽݴλҮɹİɣĿǣŰ˪ˡ
ƿӶЦñ꣬ҮݸһֱϲڴãԺĽվڻ԰ſڣ㶲ϳȵꣿôӣ⡭
ĽûҮݸԺµʯԣ˳ˮ÷յϣ˵ɣ˴ǰǲҪ㱨ʲôҪ鱨
˼ˮͲˣΪĽһܲڡ˺ܾãŵûûСֻǡ㣬ˣվſڵȭ
ϰΪǰԵ·ʱҲѽðɣ㲻˵˵ҵûʵۺͷۣǰҪʱɱĽɷĶһ֮
ʲô¶㣡ǺһЦλӣԱҲñꡣõûȥң۲
ݸ磬ǲҵ£һҳߣûطȥȥĽݴأˣҲ볤;棬ûȥɡ֪ʱȥ𣿡Һлҳ
΢ЦĿңҡҡͷȥ첨Ҳҵļ֪£Ǳﳤס˰죡
ȴȫûзҵ˼ҵļ磬ϧĵǿˣȥ˴ɣһеĺóԵġġϲƯ·͵Ľݴ
˵ŲԾסҵ֣Ȼ뵽ʲôƵģӻͳһϣ͸ģ򿪿
Үݸþͺ͸Һö͸õĶ
˷ܵĴ򿪣ȴһֻΡȻԵҵɵķΡ
ֻȴҲзΡͨǾӨĵɫʯҪڷھ죬ںһ飬һõ֣иɫ飬Өˡϸȥ澹ȻʫԸڵԸΪ֦
Ұֵϸ꣬ݸ磬ĵⱦ̫ƯˣҺϲ
ϲͺãңΣֻΪһʵˣϺһֻ䵽ɣŵഫʱϺ鵺һλ˵ĵΪİ֮˴죬ŮȴԵഫ·Ůòصͥ˵˼ɿ࣬˰ʱᡪɫ飬Ϻ鵺еʯΡˣ˽õҲõҡұ軨׷𣡡
Ϻ鵺˵ӣŮ˵ᡭϺ鵺ʦϺ񡣡˵Ļصļ䡣
Ȼ뿪κʱһĻ

ʼնǷģһ᳥ֻǣһҪ鷳һҸŮ꣡ɬ΢ЦԼӦûаȴǷӿ
һҪȶãνȥձ𣿡ʡ
˵ʲôɵҪˣҲ黩£ֽסţأƿ
õңҪһߡִֵĸ
УҷģҴ𣡡סҵĻҪɵ£սӣӵ

Ρĸãᣡ΢ۣģԵѣԵ
սؿڣǶǰҵģ΢ȻǺҵˣȴĿ̹ǡ
һϲӿҶǰıʯӨӨ˸£Ҳܵ⴩Խǧİҿˣϲ





 ʮһ Ŀյ


һϲӿҶǰıʯӨӨ˸£Ҳܵ⴩Խǧİҿˣϲ
õôˣ㲻ϲٻġŵĸĨᡣ
ס֣ĵҺϲƽϲݸ磬лл㣬лл͸ңҡֻǣ̫ˣ
İҲᣬңӵסллϲ
ҵ̶£ںҲó֣ԼԼô׵뿪书ԼԵĿؿһҵʹҷԼôʱȴˡ
ҮݸоؿڵճʪɿңҿӿѪ𾪲ѣõôˣΪʲô
ǸľͷҲ𾪵ıȴңֻ۵Ŀš
ѪϣΣһҫ۵ɫâȻ˸ǰһõӰԵͬǷģϤȻǳЦȵնʧȥʡ
õ֪õעѰ䣬ҵѪֻѪԿҴӦ㲻ʱһὫеУҲߣҲԶػ㣬ͬߣ
֪Ůųõ㲻Լ޷֪ôʱ䣬ܼ尾Ҳ޷ͬһֵԲ𡭡ֻҪõҾ㣬޺΢Цᣬް
ģҼǵãԸڵԸΪ֦Ҷǵá˵һ᳥ҿΣӰȴ˲ʧ٣ģġ̱ڵϡ
õˣҮݸòŻüͷ壬ʹ࣬ΪѾ˾ͷֱľͷȻ򣬡㲻ǹŮ
еĿϲʹеʶģ
㲻ңҲԶҮݸ磬Ե·㰮ʱڴ߸ҵգ磬ءҮݸվϧĵǡ
ҵ£ǣҲԼʱѾ뿪ˣҲԶˣǰԪܣɱ֮Լﰮꡢ塢骣ٺ΢ۡļ尾ƺֹģ
ҵģҰ㲢٣뿪ŷְңҲһźʹ࣡棬ҵַǡ
õ߲ҪģĿңҪˣ㲻ңҲĵ޸ʥּȫµŮҲȢȣԲԣﻹǲԭҶܷãԲԣ
𣿡Ҳ֪ҿԼģһСĺѾˣӦøһЩ˷ʱ䣡һ˵ҪΣ꣬ӦöܷǵĺӸ𡣡
ҳ֣ᣬƿ´ݸ磬֮һûкúдأҴȥߣ
ȣҮݸĸҳŻɡ滺顣·ϵ˶ƵƵעĿ񣬺ҮݸӢ信˧һܺӣŮ䡣
⾩ǵķ˶ĿһӺݵķˣţţ̬ǧ߹һʯţɼ׵ˮҮݸ续֮´򵥵˺ܶࡣ
ÿطвͬķ飬ҲǸ֮أ޷ţȺӣ
һҲǲͬġǣҵ֣õ
ݸ磬ҳ뿪ģŻһ꣬Ҳ֮꣬ܿˣɺνⳡս֮Ҿͻ뿪
Ϊʲô£ͷɫķΣҲģԲԣ˰㣬ȴס㡭ΪʲôԼ£
ΪǸŮΪִ춨µĳͷͷˣұ뿪򡭡֮ĺҴûҲ֪ʲôֻ֪Ӧ뿪ˣ׻Ҵزǡ
ô
֪ҲûгԹҲܳԡûоܹǴʹζϹǣ׽̰ľʹǷģҵʱ£ȻҲܵǣãǻһˣĺԵѶˣ΢ۻڣҮݸ粻ᶮЩҲ
Ҵȥ˳԰͵ķׯ͹¥ϰѾͬҺϤ֪ĽҵˣǶ󸮵С㡣ĽǾ׸̶ǳ購Ҷմ˱ߡǰд֮ɫ磬ҾǿһӲӵĲƱ





 ʮ Ͼɢº


ǰд֮ɫ磬ҾǿһӲӵĲƱ
õС㣬ԵʲôǸλһֱأǺǡ˵Ŵȥҳʱλӣ۾ҮݸϣѽλүǱãòǷţСɲŮò֮ϡϲϵ׸ĲεЩǮ˵ˮܵˡ
Үݸ类һ˵ãǺǣóԵĶ
ãõСǵĳͣϲʲôź͹أλ϶˵Ż԰ӡ
ɣҸ£ͼҮݸվϣķˣпˣһõأ
һץסҵСˣǺǣʱͬգָ˹ӣòӣ
ٺЦţǵϯλҮݸ磬ҮݸҲĿ̫һ㣬Ŀ䱸䣬˼Ȧãսϵͷȴʶ
ǺǣķˣôҲˣǽʶѼ٩
һЦŶǺǣʶʶҲû壬ǽˣֻ͹¥ϰҲˣ
õ죿Үݸ粻ٿԽסҵ֣ʾһĿѡ
ţǺϤǰ׳԰׺˲أ԰ɣõķ˸ĳõҮݸ翪ʼϾ
Ҹæվź͹һɤӣϰ壬ⷹôź͹ӦȥߴٷˣľҲƽϢ˲٣ˣҲ֪Ѳ٣ղûԱĻһԵɣݸ㲻ɣ
ѣݸ磿ͬȴǺöԷ֡ѣҮݸ磡
ĶͷԼ졣ˣҮݸǸƤµҮݸ磬ѾǴ󽫾ҵĶӣҳס˰죬չң
˵ҳ̾һ֮ԲǽǴǼȻԵúóһٷսϴģڷϴģ
˶˵Үݸ豭⣬ȭͷΧ˿˽ϷרעӿʼζҵͷһѿʼݣֻѾ
˶ͬʱ˽磬Ȼ˭Ҳ˭ȴŬĿӻζĸݸ磬òһˣͲܰһ𣿡ƵƵŵ硣һйȻãֹͣˡ
˶Ҳǿʼԣţ治ݸ㻹͹¥ķھǿһأ˵ţҸвˣƺ
ãõġѵһһΣҮݸˬ졣
ѣݸҺܺãҵĹͣͿҵϣǸһŶԣѣսǵˣǺǡ
պ˾ƣҮݸһͿʼҹ£ҰסԺĿͷ죬ȴû뵽䵶Ծݶνýһֻӥ
ϣԶԶĿݶϻһˣû˵ֻһͷ㳯첨ķȥˡҮݸǴ˽ȥɱǸ˭
һ·иȴû뵽Ľ֯ôˣ첨ݶ߰˸ӰһΣ㿪ʼ䵶
£ѾԷȥԸţһȥүҪҹЪϢ
ǷˡСѾԺȥ
ۼ˾ҪݶͬҮݸ磬ǶʧӰӦûȥú˯Ŷԣ
ǰϵӦúú˯Ŷԣõȴڴʲôұͻһһ׹ǴðģѸסңɾһšѾ
ҪƿȴĸĪǵұҮݸɱҵİɣ
ʧЦˣϵģ󣡡
Ц漴ɿҡδ̫Щ
šڷУͲˣˣȥϢɣ
صԺʱ겻֪ʱſڣεĿһۣƹȥֻʯ
ƿţȴܷźԣݣǰӳ˪Ŀһ㣬֮ˣҲ˥ϡ
Ůܿɰ̳˸ĸòϵŵ㣬ˮãѩһǸӡ
û˵ֱӳ˷ȥҮݸţݸ磬ҽҪ˯ˡţԤϵƵģҽ˷䡣





 ʮ Զ͹첨


û˵ֱӳ˷ȥҮݸţݸ磬ҽҪ˯ˡţԤϵƵģҽ˷䡣
ҮݸߣǴΪɱʱͬߡ
ʱܺãǰһƬʤûصĸĤȻľķĺʱ뿪ⳡ尾
ˮĬȻݸֹҵûҲûзҮݸģŨѹȵϢϮ̲סĻš챾ʹĵľȻɴʱȴô
֧ҵĶͷ򴽽ǣӣѸٶᣬȻ£ӵסҡ
ݸ磬Բ𣡡޷ʲôûа˵һ衣
õܺãֻõģһжǡĵŹ֣ᣬĳ˪Ŀֲ׽ŪεĴӱһһһһЦôãõһȾ
ᣬỬգմʪҵĶͷȴЦĵȣҵġ
ǣսɱͬһ޷֤Ҹһ̫£»ٵƽҸͺܺãҺ֪㣡
ݸ磬Ҽ˵ˣ֪㰮ĳǣ޲ܰժңӵУע룬ֲǣ޴ļį͹¶һܳܵģ
˵ĸǺѪԣһҮݸ硪һԶȵˣݸ磬ҿʼһĸоɣճ飬ǡô
Ǹõġ޷裬Ҫɡ
֮£̫ȣ̫ĮҿǷΣΣľԼŹԼҲŹңܷǾ޴󣡾ɳĮĺҹ磬Եıȵ˿ֻǴݲĻߡ
ҲػߣֲҲѰںδ̫ˣɳǰõɳĮ
һ磬תϰϰϸ͸ӯЩʵȡ۾ʱҮݸѾϴϣڴ㶵Ŀҡ簡ұĲڣæ
磡ңתɫ䵶Ĺ䣬õֹɱҵԤϵһУڴ˵ǾǣǶڴ˵ǡ
ݸ磬ҪشɣҪȥɱҵҴһϴš
֪ûδɱҲܻȥûйңԼְͬҪ
ҰѵȥǰԺ緹ңҵַʽһжİţҲֹҲɱֻԼɥɫӲҵֱúҼɣһشɡҪɫҿƤͺڣһˡǺǣЦһ
ǲЦҸ˾״ɱҵĻң
״ֶôҴ󾪵Ŀ¶˾ģԼҪˡˣһа취ģң߰ɣ극Ҵȥĵط
껹ſʯܷҲҷţг˯ûҷԸ˸Ǵˮϴѷ˸Ƕ˹һӡ
״Ȼа취ȥģĨȥһμ䣬һҹ֮ȥ˴ɣ״ͬɻʵɱҵľԼҮݸһʧ
ҵҪҵĲǣӦȷķʽ뿪磬Ǿսɳ
һǲģΪ˷ֹĽ֯ٴϮݸ֮ȥ첨ҵҵұʱʱ̿ҪҪ֤ҵǲǷ˵ǼҲתľᣡ
ҵŵĿңХ˵ʲôҪξ
ķˡõС㣬һҹ㣬нʳΪҪξأ˰ס𾪵ɷ
˿ŪˣҲҪξҪıڣ𽫾ȫ˵ȫĵ
õС㣬Īӻ˰ɣ˶Ǿͨգôأҿĺ֪ǲǶȤʼתҸӢˣһ䳰ȷ
Ѷҵֹ㲻˵û˵ưͣ
˵ҲҪΪƣҲ˵Ľǣǡʲôǡ
ʲôͬ
ʲôأ





 ʮ פ첨


ʲôأ
ü˼ˣ常˵ϵҹֳͣݣǰдɱǱ뾩ǣԲŵĽ˰ο常Ը£ڡ常һƬϣȫ֧ǰ˵ͷǾܾϻ磬ǣ
ȻЩţǿߣҲֻǶһ˫ԷĿӶѣ
δ̫ǣǿˣǳ͢سƽվϧ㣬ҲΪٰ֮ɣִ
Ȼˣֻܴظ常һϻˡҳתǡ̶ϻ磬Ǹ⣡ôѣͲԼ·أ
š΢΢һЦ˿ɫӲɷ򣬶ҵõС㣬ȻˣҲԡӮҵǹңΣ
ף㲻ǿЦɣǹҶǿʤѲмĿңԵ֮Աǡ
ãһڴӦšڷɳȥһӣһѽϣҾһҵǹˣɣ
õС㣬Ǿͳˣ˳ǹӯӯŮ
ûƾճֵĽֱӻǹǹ˻裬ǹͷӧޣ糤о洩ơ
Ҵʱżʶ߰У·
Ȼ⽣̣ܶȴСʽ֮ʡ˲Ѹࡣǹ̫Ȼ˵ǹޱȣӶȴҪķһЩڳ˵ٶȺȴһء
˵ķˣǴ򲻹ҪӲܣӣǲСıˣ常Ľ껹ۣһھ䳰ȷҲ֪ǳԴҩӽˮһǵ˻ı񣬷Ҫըһ²ſġ
ŭĵʱܷʱҵģʱľȻҲΪȴַҪֳνң
ķƺɳǰõʼնķˣ䶨̽гǹˣһšŷǹβס
˴󾪣ǳǹߴĳ˲ʧȥǹֱɶ£ˣֱָʺ
ס֣Ѽô󺰣ҵҲųһ亹ȴ治ɫֻǶΨһͷʾ͡
ĵѣ㣬ҪǻңôǲֻΪ˱ˣҲƤռǱˣΪ˱ϣץסҵ¶ԹţֻС֮ģǾΪߣ
㡭ұƵû˵
еĽ̻ΪУ뽫飬ǽտʼҾͽפ첨ģҲǵҲǲҪʱ֣
аȤΰʥýǵһƨɵ£Ϊ˰׻̰ɣ
¡գů΢첨ݶһɹ̫۾ԺĶ
ȴһϤСѾ߼Ҵҵ˽Ժļ͵˵󸮵õСܷȥͨһ˵үɼ
ҺȻСѾԵ·ϵģ
ɼԵ·ϴһ֮һֱ϶ķǱƳģԹ廹һһȻʥּȻͲϣȴҲǰƵ˼ϣ
ǰոȥ̽ȻһαһӦûΣղŶԣһ˲Ѿûã֧ЩʱյġʱСѾ߽ɫҲûе顣
˴Ҳ˳Ծ·ϰΪĴһЦⶬյůȵůķȴҲǣȥɣүⲡ¡ġ
ҸͬСѾ˼ֻסңõãҲʶҲһƺңʱȴ΢΢ɣѶɣȥҲм֡
СѾ߹ɵˣүҳģʱſڵأ
ã·Сģ΢΢һЦȴüͷѵǸоʲôԣ
ʲôԣСѾӦòм٣ǾԵ·ĲӾ磬Ȼҵ˵˳ϵ֮ŵǵİɡ
Ҳ΢΢ͷţȷ
ϳ֮ȴŷ֣ⲻԵ·˸ˡǸҪǧеԪʱһ˫۾ңҪ٣
ҸæҪ³һѽҳȥ뿪벽Գһ̣˳һ˽ϵȺڣļۡ





 ʮ ذװ̽


ҸæҪ³һѽҳȥ뿪벽Գһ̣˳һ˽ϵȺڣļۡ
СѾ΢΢ӣ̽ԴǸεĵʵڶԲס⡭
û£Ҫ죡ԪӣƣСѾ³
ʱŭĳһǵİң·ϣڣԴٿҡ
ҲûʣԱŭе˵ֻⱾѾǻֺͣαؽͣûǹĴǷҲӦõģ
򿪰һİɫۣȴװɣӦǹв÷ơ
Ҽûתͷ㿪ʼ£ҡҡλΣҳŴӱж㣬ķȱ紵ɢ͸̹ǡ
ŴװǷ߰㡣ǰĳæ㣬ĸĸⶼ㲻
ôͷ⳵խڲŪһķ̲꣬סЪ˹㵽ҴñƴʲôûŪ·ұͲᴩ
һҲŭתͷô·ᴩ㻹˵ĺãøɾ
˵ųסҵͷߣŪһ󰧽Уɱ˾͸ɾ㣬ûҪĥң
죡Ȼˡ
Ѿʼ·ָ˳׾ȽŪĳİãҴ·ĳһˡ
Ȼ˽ֺۣã˷澹һĻҿۺá
ִӰ﷭˷滹һŰɫķۺһӡһǾ۱Ҫʲôʲô
ҪȥðѸٽҰȥ˿ʼͷ
֣ҡε˳ƽʱźūͣҲвŮˣѰ顭
ҲĿ˱ˣһ棿
ҵͷϷۣĲ롣
׵֮Ҹãȴָֻ˱Ŀñź£㼸ӵĸ֣л
лŴ˵Ϲ㶨ң˶ңҿʱɱңһߣԼ·ʰãǸ۱衱ƵĿհϣóʱ滹һף
֮Ȼ֪ô˵֮죬ٿڣ۾ֱǰ·Ҹڡ
˲രһѾ˾ǣһɽۡǶգɽȴǴģЩ֮ŷɽϴ󲿷ֶɰأ밲ɽԶԶһ߰ǽԺ䡣
ɪɪԴԪȴֿڣ˲١ɳǰõ㵱ΪӷǸʱȣĽ㣬ҲûʲôǰĽװ㣬Ҳûʲô۵һĨºͣҲֻ˲ʧˡ
֪Ҫʲôһս˷²ȴйĽ羳εȥǹٶ˾ġΪ˳ңҲԼһծУ㵱ǽ·תƣҲʱΪ粵ȻֵܵһԪ٩˵öԣ׵ɱ㣬ǱĲԣԣڴǸ˵ú档
ұ˵õǸȴû뵽һתǸ̲סϻ𡭡ô˵
үȻе鶼ˣҲûʲô˵ģҼ˲棬Ρ뾲׵ɽ±أֱҲֱﶨ߰ǽ
ɽ޷гҺԪͽϡ
ԶԶǰߣʱĻͷߴңʹߴٷûʲôͬסһŰɽĳ嶯ǿϡ
ǴǺɫģҶǾ֣λСǶԪϤִңʩʦİɣ뵽Ⱥ򡣡
ͣԪᳵ·ȥ
ǻǹ޵ĵط
Ԫ磬һ棡ڳϵһֻΪݺⳡϷ䳾ɨ
Ƭ̣һϤ𣬡λʩĮ飬ЩתתһȴһڵĻǣ԰ף㲣һ˫ˮնһƬѩƮĲ÷㣬ȴꡣ
֮𾪵ĲιȥѸȥסҲ֪ԼӣǣǻһŮһ
ڴʱϾҵһʧȻǿܻиõδȴǲ̿ǰһĻ





 ʮ  羳μ˫

ڴʱϾҵһʧȻǿܻиõδȴǲ̿ǰһĻ
Ļָ́ãһ˲˹ʣȪӿ羳Ρ羳ΡˣĻˣ𣿡С°ˡ

ǡһˣΪλʱѸٵȥǵģҿʱ䵹ǸҲȥ԰ȥ԰ûоôߵˤһû

Ҹô죿죬Ҹô죿

ҺԪھס죬ҵԴʯһûκ˼άÿÿѾָɣȴ뿪ļΡ

ݣ㹻ݣҲͰˣΪҪ޹㹻ݣݡһһȥˣףҴҴ򣬾ȭͷžֺԺһŴ׳ֱѾѪģȴûκʹ

ԪԶԶıŭƿң׵Ĵ𣬡ʲôǿѹ

ұƵڵأ絶̣ѹֹңҵ֣̾һŬѹŭǲߣҲ˺Լ׼ѪģֱȥҩȾһ

ҾΪѾ뵽һȫİ취
ǲ뿪»ָ֮ҲҪԹҲ׼ټҶڻʹ˵Ľ羳ȻˣԲعŮӣȻ˸

ܵģʥýΰʥýѪɣȻΪԼ뵽İ취ϲ

羳Σ㣬ɣĿңߣ˵֡

ҪȰңǣߣҲعһҸֵӣң˻ԶסǵĻǹھֳңǳ֮ĻѾˣ뿪ֻһƽŮӣǹƽòã

֪ǺãŵתȥȻѾĶ¹㡭㡭ȰְãѪ

ԪҲһңƿǣ룬ҺȻ뵽һΪλɣǲ𣿡

ҡ

ǣӦ˰ɣ羳˳Ѿһ磬ڴʱˣ޷ܴɵĿຮ˺˫ȱ͡Ϊ˼㣬Զ˳Ѿ㣬㻹ҪΪѾȰΣ羳εĻ㶼ΪҲֻһˣ

û뵽ԪΪԼã˵ѻһ˶ݵֳ꣬Ҳ̧ͷ˹СҰˣ
ãҴӦǴӦˡ

ҹ»羭֣΢ɳ֣֡ɽϵ֣Ҫһúʵ׳Ե

ѡ֮󣬽ΪһģһòԱȴʵʵڵˡĽ羳Σ

䣬ǾɸѡģǹڻǵģͯݣЯַںϣԪ޹ġ
ԸѪԣأһˣͬҮݸȤֺŮżбĲõ
ʱ򻹻ˣеţʱͷʹΣ
ʱҪɵɵģճյģҪչˣԶǻرгã̤ʵأ
רһֻһڻݶ棬룻
ʱҲҪĮģӦϲһģ书ãܱԼӣ

СҪԵ·һʴȣҲеԵѵĸ߹ţҲˡ

塱Ľ羳ˡ

һ£Ľ羳Σã

΢Ц񣬡ɳǰõãôû˯ţʿˣ⡣

Ǻǣ¡΢΢һЦΪԼĽˡ

£캮ضģɽֵģ㵹顣꣬Ҳ˲Ů˲

ŶǺǣǻְɣԪһ뿪˯𣡡

ţͷ㻹Ҫһ㲻Ҳ⡭ӵĿͷ֮գգۡ
£Ŷˣʱǻ֪ġ˯˯ϣü

ڶһ磬ֶһ飬

Ľ羳Σȥһǡǻָһ׼Ůӵװ磬ۺɫװͷϹŷɫͷοˣˮˡλõɽ

ϣԪһߣ羳һߣԪ֣ƵƵŭĿ羳Ρү˫˫𣿡羳ʾƵĽסǵ




 ʮ ڷ


ϣԪһߣ羳һߣԪ֣ƵƵŭĿ羳Ρү˫˫𣿡羳ʾƵĽסǵ

ǺǣȻûУҸͺãԪɰͰ͵һЦһʱȥǵġ

ˣү͹£ɣ羳κܲӣѵҸ׵ĸԼӵ̫ࣿҲãԡˡܷ

нһʱ֮ҿʼ˯̲ססǸСӱߡ

ȻЩưܣȴҲѻָһɨͿԡһҸ΢Ц⣬羳һݣһлָһָһŮװ

Ժ󿪣߽ӭȥ磬ˣ

ţǣҵãõԲϲν羳΢ЦĽȥܸǣõɩӻǣԺԶҪǵûﲻֻˣ

ǾȵĿң漴΢Ц羳Σĳĺõá

װһİϲӣ磬˵ɣôôƯɩӹյֵģҿʼЦɬ΢ЦС֣ӭڡһСˣ裡

ԪҺ羳εľϣѾľҺͻǽݣ羳СʣɳǰõʲôϷ㡭Ǵðģ˵⵽ô£Ҫס

羳ƿү羳ˣ²̫ãҵþõõܸʶģĽ羳Σһǵˣ

ԪεˣıУε徲

һж̲סΪҵĽ˷ܵļУЩ顣

羳ãǰͷϣ⣬Ľ羳ôŵӦòᷢ

صǣҲģȥԵ·ɼʱ˲٣£űϿ顣

벻ҸϵСѾ߶ȥû˺ɣվҸæס˾Թѯ˭㣿

Ԫȥǡҳһ

һֱɱġߺߡԼѱ˿տӡȿȡԪѾ߽ƭȥǡָ˭ֻңڽƭ赶ɱˣ

ҷȥЪŰɣЩ㻹ǲҪˣ첨أ˭ܰô˵ȥȴִֵƿң鰸

¶£Ķȥƿ鷽שȡһСһֱڶҪһܣȴ

ߣԶҪˡεֻ㣬ֻҪ㰲ȻұⲡԼʱ޶࣬Ƕ棬Ҳͽ˸УԶҪˣ

˵꣬Ŵϵ°ᣬѪ̫ˡ

ãģһĨᣬУùУٷɱ

ڶһѩѩ̼һƬװ

Ե·뿪ˡԶĻ׷⣬һ㣡

ûĿָ꣬żһγҩʱԼ˶ߵİ֡

ڷᣡ

ǣʹḡӣգ书зߵԸգԹǰдǸڵƷգ鷿㲵ıסҿһ׸ιʳϡգС¥εĻǸǣգ֣ǸУգ

Үݸ͵ĺƤ۹ϣѰһ˿¶ȡ

Ե뿪֮ĸоֻˡûôǿҺͻȻһһ룬˿˿Ĺǣۡ

ȥԺ񱼡첨˿ƵĿңϰҹľֹʱȴǲ²͸ҵôˡҲ֪ԼôˣԵ·ˣҵĺʹֻΪԵֵ𣿻ǹңڲ֪и̫У

󸮵õС㣬һ첨񱼲ֹ

ΪҷˣȥȰ˵ûػ˵СŮʱ裬һûˣûж⡣

û취Ȱһݡ

ûڣֻǿңһȦһȦıܡֱҵһûУ˵ѩŽұݡ
ûκȰο

Ǹʹսսķ顣һУǰһп͸پǷҪı䣬ܸı䣬ĽһֻѸӱĺ꣬ʱЦñ˲֪Ȧףɱ˶޵ݡ




 ʮ ˼

Ǹʹսսķ顣һУǰһп͸پǷҪı䣬ܸı䣬ĽһֻѸӱĺ꣬ʱЦñ˲֪Ȧףɱ˶޵ݡ

֪Ե·Ҳҵĺ֪֮һʧȥĴʹԼϣû˿԰æ

̶Ҳˡ˥ʱĥҽƵƵҡͷ˵졣Щ˵Ե꣬еֻʮꡭ

ҺФĬȻźǰԼҲÿοǣõ常Բ㣬书ˣ·үҲˣ常Ҳûа취㲻Ҫ常

Ժ󣬶ФФšͷʱ˵Ļ˵꣬ǹ¶֪Ľɱ֣常㵱׶ӡɱֲǳ֮£뿪ȢһϱѰӰɣסõɳǰõĽ羳ΣֻĽݴϷֶŮҪһչˣ

ǣФۿˣиġɱֵҲѪãȱο̶ĸȣ

Թϸ̽һֻ߽Ԫ٩һҰҩ˽Фҽ˷ˣ㲣õФȳš

Ļסҵҩˤ˵ϣФվԺ벻֪롣߽Թ忴ҸǾ޴𾪡

һз·ֻص㣬ǻϵ裬;ƣ·գһеı仯ôŮշ͢٣²ĽݴѪᡭܶ٣ܶȥ

ûǴĻɳ羣ɳǰõФ˵ö𣿡̶Ĵǰʱڡ

Ƕû˵һһ۾ʵʵڵİš

£ⶼϳ̶Ŀڴϡ

ˣһʱͿ̣˵һ仰ɳǰõʱޣ㲻ˣ

ǣ鵱Ȼˣֻ乬һʬѣʧЦĸɸɾĻҲһҸʵ̽常Ȼرܣ常кܶ໰ҪԱ½

谵һյԺȴίһѾñ˪Ϸӣ֮󲻻ӭ⣬һɲˡ֧̫á

ҳҵļʱҵˡȷ˵мοأȴû֡˵ɱ֣еֻƤ⣬Զָˡ

ǣɱ֣Ҳ²˭

ҲʶģФһֱڶ󸮣Үݸ粻⣬Ľֵ˳Ľ֯Ǿ֮ڵĽɱֻ⼸Ҫжǻᵥָֹ

˵˵˵󸹣óǹеģӦòѲҡһָ˷ΧĽݴû˵ɱ֣ˣֻƺᵽʲô

һصĽңȥ˳ׯȥ̸ˣԶڼҽϰӣϽȥˡõǰסСԺܷͺڱǵС¥ȥɡԶ̾˿ֻ鷿
ұСԺŶ룬汻Ѳ¶ˣԶɴڴϡ߹ȥ·ֻص˴ʱΪɱһ˲䡭

ҲԼѪǲ뵽ҵģûۣȻڡһǰԲˬ

Ѫе˿̫ȥ˿ڣȴסҵ֣ݶᣬԼԱˣˣ

ѸٷסѨλҶԼ˿ڲκãԵ·ʱԹΣˣ̶ˣΪĴޣ

ã˵ģûȥ˿ҵһ亹˳ϡ

˿ƽʵʧиĶڴߵľϣһһε

£Ҳá

ûᣬѾˡõˮɺԵ˿ĵ׸ѳɴݲĿնͻߣһɳĮ
õôˣ꾪ҵʧ

еĿ־壬ĿϣĶ̬꣬ղšղţʧȥá㣬ԺҪ˺Լ𣿡

ֻǾãû㣬ͬûʲôѪҸоԼţ𣿡

´·ߣҵ֣սᣬڱףȴа˿־塣

ҲȲңֻԶңǰ˵Ҳϲ飬Ҷ飬ˣ᲻ɱ㣬ֻɱԼ




 ʮ ֽ֮

ҲȲңֻԶңǰ˵Ҳϲ飬Ҷ飬ˣ᲻ɱ㣬ֻɱԼ

꣬סҪ֪Ҳ㣬Զᣡһɱְϣ

Ȼסҵֱ˫Ҵû˵ѾˣҶ˵ֻܷǡ

ӡҴ

Ҳǣˡ

ǣԶҲϲͱ˹һӦ˽⡣ԣֻ˳ȻҪѻҲֻ˵ס

һʵ

𣿡ҵȻ꣬͵飬жŮҲںǣҵļ֣ڿ棬ŰҵţҲڵʱ֡˱Ů˵Ķһһɵһߡ˶ٴΣ˶ٴΣûɵ

֮󣬴ŴȵĿңò

Բҿܲ˵Ҳˣ֮ǰͽˣ˵Щûʲôκ塣Ѹ뿪

ǰԺˣһŵŮԶԶĿţЩΡһľҲƽ

Ҷ谮ŭ˪Ϊʲôһ棿ôˣ

죬мĿһۣĵĸ׺ĸ뿪˼ңǺ

ҲҵĲӣ͸С͸ſ˵ЦĸǰһұܶĶǾ͸档

Ǹ绵ĸ̸Ҳȥߴĸ˪ϲץǵСӡ

εҡҡͷСŮ֣С֣ʲô֣

΢΢ľ֣ĿңЩİЩ̽Ѱģ׽Ķ۵Щ

ģԺ͸һɡ΢΢һЦϴ󰬳ĸͰĽչˣ׼۸ãĸ᳣ǣ䣬ʲôˣľֳɳһƬ

ǣľֳٺЦţллĸĺһɣҪллĸ

ллĸһЦ

ȴҵĽŲأģģܷġ

һƺһ꣬ҮݸԴɸһţҳֽ˵˼ᵽʵۼݱ֪ΪôľɼΪ겻ɢĿš

õϣңĽݴס죬ѾǱԺĽݴ̫µ԰˵ʵʱת㣬ҶĽֵܶ

첨ķʧЦԴɻʵ˵ĻκһдͻϢ

٣һɵЦʲôأðŵҲݶȥ

ȥһˣ㱣õ㸸ĸӦȥȸ٣滺һˣɵĶζģ䣬䣬䡭

죿²ܵɰɣҡ

ǣ͵°ɣ̾վ
һЦô˼ǸҮˣ

˽ңСŮı˵¡ڣˣ˵һߵݶԾȥ

߽ԺʱѾΪ˸Ⱥײ˸šǰ˼Ů˵ģ˼ȴû䣬̴˱Ժİ

ɳǰõ㻹겻ɢҳ֣ááãҲʰ㣬ʰ㣬ߣ˵꣬ĸǰεѾߺƺƵĳŶȥ

ŮȵĺӶʨҮݸ缱õŨŨ˼˵ıתҾ֪һģȥ

ף֣ⱱԺƺ֪ҵĴݹٰôôųĶ룬ݸ磬Ƕôˣ㻹ô¡صĻӭʽ

Үݸ绹ûлشȴиƽŮ˳ӳԣӺݻ󣬴÷ѩǷĿӯˮȴˮжЩݸ磬λĽݴ𣿡Ҳң

ǣ̫󡣡Үݸܹҵǵһμô̫ʮҵӡ

΢΢һЦȻͷȴȴȻһĨɱȻˣɳǰõǺȻʵˣ

֣ǺǣǱ˵ˣɡЦһֱڴΣôأ

ͲٿңֻǶҮݸݸ磬ױźȻãһǹģ㻹ץΣã

ױźҮݸдƭңȦף




 ʮ 𳷱Ժƻ

ױźҮݸдƭңȦף

ҮݸεĿңһﲻҪɣ˵֣֤𣿡

һΪȻƶӦǲ֣

Ц棬ǲģҪذ־Լɻû뵽һССô꣡

ݸ磬㻹ʲôŭˡ

ҮݸվŲŮץȢΪˣ

㡭ŮӾЪ˹ıŭܺãܺá㲻ץԶ֣˵꣬ѾҮݸߣǰѺɫ䵶˹

ѸˣҮݸ𾪵Ĵ󺰣̫֮ĽݴΪɱĽɷȻʲԷΪĽݴģ

˵ʲô˫Ŀһ˿־壬ĵأΪҪŹʱȴԺıǶʲôɱͣ

óҲִҪΪԼɷ򱨳̫ӦĺЪ˹ıŭΪҮݸû뵽ŮҲеòȻģ

ݸ磬ûи׼ʲôϲﰡߣҲιһıԺҮݸ磬ȥȻǶһƬɪľȴҲһ׵ζ

ݸ磬㲻ļŽܸʶȿǶأ

Ϊ˿ŰɣҡͷʧЦȴŵʵȴȵҵ֡

һڱѾ鵶ӿѸٽҮݸƵһߣת䣬һϹӿ֣ǿƳԺıڵأأ밧Ųϡ

ҮݸҲסҲǰ֮ԱԸȴûмľٶǸ̫Ƿŭȴ֪Ǻã

ţ֮Բɱ㣬ǿҮݸϣǸѸŭˣ˵̫ʹɣҲܰһƬĮʬ޴棡

˵꣬һĨ⣬ȴһ˿ŨصļįĪŨؼįݸ磬Ҫȥˣúñأ

õ㲻ҪֻǳΡҮݸסҲš
𣿡

ʱͬգοҲҡҡҿ˿ֿ˿ŭȼյ̫󣬿ɬһЦģס뾲һ

ֻ뿪ĳ嶯һҪ뿪ĳ嶯뿪ˣȻ飬һѾζƺδڹ

һ£ɽ·ǰƮһʲôǰһǻ



ϣôͻˣһôϲٰɣĵ죬ֳ󣬡ȥ̽ӱλҮݸ粻ԺյıԺ檳ȺǴ̫ĳ購ӣӡǺǣҲ˵Ҳס

ʷԵˣҷۣûдΣҪҪͬһȥսϽѵһˣ

ҵ²ܣãҮݸ粻ǸĺҲԹŮ

Ǻǣѹʲô¡
̲ס𣬡ֻ۾ѹˣ

ݶϴЦ˫ֵԺ˫գȷûѹҿˡ㻹ǸûûεˣҮݸôã㶼ģҲѹĽԲעˣ

תԴʣ㵽ϲʲôӣ

ʲôӣҲԾͷȡʯķΣɵɵЦξһҩҼ΢۶ҵİҲᷢ

ԵһӶʧȥɫһ·νľֻ˺ҵûûξԼҲǣ

ȥһ꣬еϸɳƽʧŵ£飬ڵȴŲǣȴ΢ط١

ˣӰϸƮ죬ʵոԶ䣬ıԵøСС¼ţ

̲סҴ첨˼ҡȥɳĮʮСѾʮˣʮһŴŮ˵ѾǼ޲ϹţֻżҲż

ǽҹӵĻѡ

Ǽô˵ҲǾ׸õСò޶ǣȢ׵˳һӡõҲûжˣԸļ޳ȥɣ

һ߸ҷǸ治òĻһ߸ҽܣ˵ĲɷŹӢԹӡ




 ʮһ Żлװ


һ߸ҷǸ治òĻһ߸ҽܣ˵ĲɷŹӢԹӡ
ȷǷһ񣬡ã裬ҼޣҼ޸˭Ҿͼ޸˭΢Ц§Ĳ˰ɣôô˧磬Ҷ㰲ţ
û뵽ô˳ӣģҪúͬһӣ׼ܡ
¶һЦ裬ҿţͲˣõôˣǲżҲԼûҪˣǺǣ
ôˣҲҪһһɸѡУô˵Ҳõ£ɲٳһĽģӶлвƽ
ˣ˵²ᣡݶŭţֶҵ㲻ϲȥǸ͹¥𣿸ɴһ߳ԣһѡǶԼϰȻҲԸ⡣
ǣʮõСһº䶯˾ǣ֣͹¥ϰֵúϲ£죬𱬡
ǰӦ˳Ķ飬ҺԺȣҰŵ׮£
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Ҳǧٹ֣ϴ·𣿡޷ģȥַ𣿡ָ۹ͲˣǱߣϲվԷ𣿡˵õС˵˵ĴʲôĽݣ
ôˣҲûкʵģҲ֪ѡѡһˣңֻǳԵθűˡ
ЦλӣųЦûҪүǣûûεŮȢؼҪٵģ˭Ȣһҹܵ˼޵Ů˰仰ȫŶӵˡ
ûڣӶܲˣѣҲһˣûйҲпͣô˵ֻҪ¾ơ
ҪʧʱһˡԪ٩ֱ׵Ķ˵ҪȢһӶã˵úƽƽһ̶ˮ޲ˣ紵ҲãûûҲãȢ
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ͷ͵ӵ£һֱԣ
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¥ѻȸڵҵĻӦŮȻİţһȫƾθܣӦɢһ¡Ӧȥ̽һԪһ˸֮ˣôأ
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֮˽ףô֪أѵǸ绪ϵβģ
Ԫ٩ûм֣΢΢һЦȻˣҲ߶ţǣ죬ȸɴ䣬
ôɳǰõҲʵİɣֿʼ䳰ȷĵ
޿̣ҳԵһƬǽĲȥ۵ͷϣҿ輰ʱֹӣõҲѣΪڴ˴أ
裬Ҹһ˰ɣǳȢѾʮŮΪޣ߹ǵϯλϡ
豻Ȥ˵˵һϺõ
ӹ豭ɤӣΪòӢոǿǶıĲɷҲȨơ
¶΢Цӣ㲻ëԼɣ
ǺǣǴϻ۹ˣĳд⣡̹ףһ˫۾ﵽûз𣬳˿æֹ裬ҷСѡ
ֵĿ𾪣϶һüһЦѲ֪Ǻá裬˵仰żˡ
ӣĺˣõǻؼңңҪظ
裬ӦҲܸøɰס
ΪѾףȻòӢոǿǶıĲɷƷȴУŮڴ֮ͥ³裬䳰ȷŮĸҲȥ





 ʮ ƫԵע

ΪѾףȻòӢոǿǶıĲɷƷȴУŮڴ֮ͥ³裬䳰ȷŮĸҲȥ
˵ᡣƾһ㣬ͲҵҪģŮҲ޸㣡
ѵԴȥˣɥԼ
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һС檻ʧɫĿң㡭㡭ĸģүַˣСĵ㡭
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㰡ûΪװֱʵˣ׵ĻʹУͱǷӣ
ܺã̫ˣ֣㲻ҪõС㣬䶯ǵѡȻʵѡˣ㲻ڼҵżˣܵʲô
ҺǺǵһЦҪȴ˦ңҪʣ
ûҪģǱ˵Ь޲ȥˣ߿ˣҰ̾ţü滺ֵ㲻ûҪĿҲ֮ɣ
پܾŽУǻӵ޵ѣûʲôۣ˸ɾĵط£ˣûкóԵģǱ߳Աģ
㲻߿𣿻ԣֱס
ҺٺٵһЦҿԵģ˵ȥ˵ˣ⹬Ķ԰ײԣҪȻŷȸ㣿
Ůˣƭƭȵģסҵļһѽҹ
ҲĴսЦҾԳԺȺȵģֻߣһɱйޣװɱˣҲԵѣԵ·͢װֻ˶ĳЦ
ŭĽ˦ȥҿԤϣһȫء£ֲ֣
ˣΪ˵һ仰Ҳûȥˣúñذɣ
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費Ҽ޸
һЦ㲻Ÿĸ֮ԵĹŮһҹĲ˵һУעҺܾˣ
ΪղڲŮʡӣҳ̾һ߳Źǽһ·ߡ
׷ҪаҲӦһҸۣдЩɡ
ҵһЦûлͷҵһֻʣ̶̵ļ꣬ûжˡеԤУһж
صʱһѵĹƷǰԺࡢԶ㣬һһһ˱ϣֺǺǵһ໨ƿţֵ࣬ʲôôаô鱦Σ
˷ܵһԶȴЦ첨ģ˺ýأ
ˣýţҿЩƷҲ˷ܲ
Ŀڣõ㲻᲻Ƹɣϵ˵Ҳмǧӣ벻첨£
ҸɬЦЦȴһ㶼˲費ǲϲ𣿡
ǰǲϲѣǿĳദĲԳ׮ҪˣϹӣҲˣĿܲ˿ûʲô˷ܡ
ԶǰѾסгȥ̽Ѱõ𣿡Ŀǲᣬûϧ
ᣡֻҪˣҼ޸˭ԣľȻڡ
أҵļȻõĻףȴѲȥɷõ㻹ڽ֣
Ļȥף¶˱ˣ㻹ᰮ𣿼ʩˣ
תȥסңȥģ㲻꣬Ҳҳߣ
ģһԺųޣߵſڣתԶԶȥһ׼Ҳ壬ҪƯģҪĵӣ
ãһƯƯӣԶˣʣʣĸزס





 ʮ ϲ¼


ãһƯƯӣԶˣʣʣĸزס
ѱˣʮʮ壬Ƶգɹٵһ졣ӦӶ˸Ѫͷ
˵ƶ˽Ӧ˶ƭߣԼ˹飡˵òȻαӣƤǣƭӣ
ϵҵǴӢ۵ķϣǶϲƣϲǲСĵˮеѪȾǡ
ӣڵˣһĴ켪ױޣƶѴ٣ϼһЦģǡ
Ͻ֮ǰұоҸҪ޸˭ҪҼˣͳŮˣһִʽһַйʽ
ϲǵɵóȥˣ
ǡ˪Ի󣬺ܱˣ֪޳ȥĸҲûûСˣ
ࡢһضΪɲꡣ
Զûг֣ܸоĿڸҡ
ҳŰ̧Σ޵Ľ첨
׻ǰܰһĻ̫֣̫֣̫ϲ졪ⶼģΪ˸ˣΪǰĸ׺ͽ裬ǶģڳǰĶԼĸĿǷΨˣŻİ
׻˫ĶǺͷϣϣǸɣĺͷӴ˰ͷϣ
һԵ뿪ٿȥֻǲٿ
Ϊ޵ˣ޹ģȴģֻһΣΣõΣȻ㲻جΣˣȴֻһ亹򵥣
Ҷǰһļ˳ƿţϲĽѾ˵оˣҲ˰ɣñսˣѾ뿪ˣƵģϽš
ʲôһǵһμɹ٣ҵɹ١ĵߵǰƣɣƣ
һߺٺٵɵЦſңһ߽ӹƱǲţ汻ҼˣǺǡҮݸǸɵĽǴң˵ţֲҵֱۣһ˾ơ
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һǽѱȽϺã˳ڣûôŵķޣհҷڴϣ·ûѾѹ٣٣١ͣסҳѹԴ
ٺ٣ôˣ㺦߰ò㻹Ǵ֮ɣתӣʼ£׿淺Źʣ۾ðɫֳֺڵķ˿ҵϣ˵ľ
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ѣûУһƵһߣ˴
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ʧЦһ·һ߶գ۾ֻ۾ˣѸɾð£
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һεӣֽҶһߡ
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˽Ҷ֮űǽŻ£ƺҪڵθһŻ
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ˣɳƵĿһꣿ
ꣿ㡭ôҽԶ̯ۻ࣬Ὣĺڲ¹£ɫҰף˫ĿݣԽԵжûˣꣿΪʲô





 ʮ ˼Ӱ

ꣿ㡭ôҽԶ̯ۻ࣬Ὣĺڲ¹£ɫҰף˫ĿݣԽԵжûˣꣿΪʲô
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˵ĻҶѾ˵꣬۾ŮӣӦð˼ϣתȥĪʹ
̫ǿʱ̫ȣԽһл꣬ɳĮѾߵһУ
סҵļõɣ㣡
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ûֻ֣˵֪
ת΢Цй꣬Ҵÿ𣿡䣬е䣬һֱ֫͸ָ⣬͸ÿһëסȻΪλ˰ˡ
ľȻĶҵ۾á֪ѾҴߣ׹ȥҼʱסⲻֻǵĴߣѽйҵģͬʱԺɱĸЩ䣬һӡ
ʹͯ꣬˹һǣӵ˼Ѱңʱֲʧķŭӱ߰Ե͵ǣͷľܻ飬ŮװĽ羳Σ²չ˴ǰɵĽȣɱ飬־ʥּ
ӣʹ̣꣬ԲҰɣҡܷô㣬õģǵģԺһӢ۾ܷģ
ص壬ĽңÿԶšӶ˯ĸ̲֮סУõöҹģôû˵꣬Զͽ˯Ѩ
ҽݣڵ񻨵ϣԶˣܷúùӡ
ڶһ磬ϴϣѴȥž裬ҵ򸾲û뼸˵ĿȰºͣһԴԼŮﲻ˳ƺҡķˡƶϡ
һֱɵЦźϲ£죬һҹ֮˸ˣǸ䳰ȷƶ˵˴ྶͥߵ͸ʱʱģڿӡˡ
ʱΪ˽ÿһЦëëģƤ쳤
ʴӲ˵ҵĿࡣֱ̾Ȣϱ
ҵԼɵЦĶӣΣѶȻȢҪˣҸȥԸɣϲ¶׵ˣҲ׼ĳЩԽ,ʥּܿˡ
ǣϰԵҵ֣õĻǾȥᣬأ
˵ãͺãҵһЦ飬ΣȴҲֳ䶨ĳȡ
չȻãƺΪ׼ĺӣһģûûѾУҵ֣ڴϱ߱档
һĽۣͦζһȵĹμ򵥣ֲʧ£ڷϴЦӢº͡
һۣ˶Ƶҷɴ£Ʈ£򵥵ţ˷֮⣬оʱ͸ҵһֻ
õһԵĸЩµСģһݵߡ
Ҳûܾҧһ֮Լţóԣ·˶۵Ŀԡޣ̾ѡ
һ·ţᣬСڳڣſвԵģֳǩģֽƷģвСԵ̯ˣաУַǷ
ǽã˫˫£а۵ĻԸ˲Ǯ
ҺٰݷҲѧӣǸº΢ЦĴҲһζϤİƴڱʥľأǱ˾׵Ρǰڴʱйĸо
Ѱ֮󣬲˼ĶЦЦõȥſڵһ£ȥԺһ¡
ԺȥԺ⡣
ޣٺٵЦűܽȥˡ
߳ſڵһС̯ǰͣ£ϸЩƷǰһŵǻģģġ
ϰһʮţէЩ죬ЦȻƣɫȴЩ䣬һҵˣ󣬲ʺϴӲʺ
Ҵʧɫ⡭µôţӨӨŹ뵣㡭㡭





 ʮ ǧԵһǣ

Ҵʧɫ⡭µôţӨӨŹ뵣㡭㡭
Ȫ·κţǰϲĲ΢΢һЦϷĵ̹⡣
ţ𾪵ĺһһ򣬲㡭ôǴʥأô㲻κϸŷַ𣿡
ǰڷ飬˼ظѴһ£̫ҳ͸͸Ǻǡԣ˳ӣ˵ҵ֣ǿӲĸҴϣӣ֮עģ̫ҿһҲζ˵꣬ͻأʧ١
ĻȴصҵĶߣǰڷ顱֮עġǰڷ顱֮עġ
ϹѾƽ֪룬ѣ䳰ȷ̲ǰ䣬ģȣڵȡ
ҹɵЦǸӰе붴ʱɵЦغϣغϡ
Ϊֻصԭ㣿תתȥ߹ô࿲ôĥѣΪתԭ㣿
õõǰȺѰҵӰ
ĺʵģ᣿һæȥ֣
ˣΪ㲻أܹӵסҡ
ʧЦƿ˵ãô᲻أͥڵģҪ
ٺ٣ɵЦҵߣȥ䣬кܶأˣ𣿡
ûУ
һ䣬Ѿҵ̯λ̯ǰĵ£Գأݵ˼ңһԵɣ
ǲҪˣҽŵҪʲôá
ȴסңʲôֻǺֶ׼㣬ү͡
ֻ£ϸ֣ûмĺӣ𾪵ѽүٷǰԵ갡
ޣϱθڣô˵ס˵꣬һӡôģҵܵĺˮ
ǺЦŽӹӣǺǣλٷ֮Ǹ֮ȻǴ󸣴ЩССȴջǸ֮ˣүأңȴҲ˼Ӳա
ٷϻ˵ص㣡ļĴߴ١
ǺǣǰˣȴΪĳԭԵԵĦ飬ԼΪޡһһ˵üҪ
˼ããٸһ⼸ºúڼϣó̯紵ɹˣѺˬóһȴǸԪ
ǺǣлүлٷˣվһϹɫٷҪעѪŶ԰
ǺǣҲҽллѣõߣȥ档ɷɵЦһˣһ˵ԽɵЦӱɵӣɵӱĸɵ
ĻＫǡԼΪޡĶƭģֻ˵û˸˰ˣҲ氡ҴѣҲ˵Լ
ڣѲˣȴ泩ܶࡣõ͵ƭ˺ˣšƣĽ㰮ĵײײҮݸԶĲ׷ΣעΪԼˡٺ٣̾ǧԵһǣ
ֻǺ˵ɣ
ԵѴˣĴѵҪ΢۴ôһ
ؿһʹѪֿʼӿзһϤ𣬹ӦĻҪעѪŶ԰
עΪְⳡҾ徵ĥ
ѻǰյߣԽԶ߰ɣϣԶҪͷ
֧壬Ŭ·ߣбһϣֻһֻһǴֻʥýָľҲеһ죬ĺò̡ò̡
ףⲻĸ𣿡һСŮΧ۵Ⱥ߹סңĸôˣ
Ŭѹؿڵʹſ壬СŮģġôҷӡ
ᡣɵĴ˿ĸҲǵѪĸѪˣʹʹ
ĶĸĸϤŴȰȻɫǲ԰ףȴûˣȴİİ̽ѰİĹġƺļ㣬û°ɣ





 ʮ 


ĶĸĸϤŴȰȻɫǲ԰ףȴûˣȴİİ̽ѰİĹġƺļ㣬û°ɣ
סҵ֣վĸǰĸ㲻ǵ𣿡
ȻˣɳǰݵඣĶȷλĸؼҰɡֹңѾƿ
ĽõԶһ㣬ҪٿҵӣѾķˣĽĴУҵ뱧ĽŪȺ
ָ常ֵˣֻǿĸѪؼơ
ߣǷģԼӣһ۰ģ仰иǾܣӱӰ΢۵Ļֻ꣬꣬һȥͬ׿ڶ˵ģṼһУһ룬ӭȢʺ󣡡
΢ۣ㲻ṼңӭȢʺ󡭡ΪλұΪֻһԸȴû뵽ߵһûмڵظ׷ʲôΪʲôҲûһ
һһһ˫ˣ˼ףΪ˭
ȿȡۡһʺȾ˶Ƶɴ£Ҳӣҡҡ׹Ѳԣ𾪵ҵô¡
ĸŵᶼӿ˳ץסҵֲšĸ㵽ôˣ
ѣȥҸưɣܾòۣӲģĵѡ
ȴɿңָ̧һȭĽ쵰˵òۣòҲ㺦ģ㱾ΪλҪñŮ˻ҵӣʣ
ңҡãȻ֪룬֪˵ʲôá
ѣû¡ؼҡؼҡûˣϣҪҪٻȥ̫̣
ʲôɵӲŷ֮ΪһĸԸãһɶ˻ı׳ѤҲôٵˣҪʲô׳ѤҾҪͨͨҾҪƽ

֪˶ãǼʥýְ֮ݶ
֮󣬲ѵ·УһϤķ䡣Ƕ󸮵ԺΪһ
˫ѵʹȼ̱֫ѪҺѾͣãؿû
ﾲˣûҩζûźǰ
ױ̨ǳһֻһ֧ĶѱҳסҲղӰ
ĵطҲòƿӣԾǺҿԣʹ۾òӦоԺҰݴǸĻԺ
ϵİѾƣЩͷճһǰܵϢ
·ԺĳϴԼϡƤ԰ңʬĿɲˮ黬оľ
ĳˮ峺ףʱֵĩģҶɻ·дЩµϢⳤĲݵԺӣ·Ϊû߶̦ס
ѵѾȥˣ
ģôὫҶ󸮲Фһֱסôû˴ɨ
α̫ɹ΢µĳˮëףһһ˻һһŵĳӣɬǻһĸľҲƽ
θһȣµ𵴣ȻŷһƬɫĹâӨŶ͸ĳˮһðݣڣ͸ĺڣΪҵĶ
ΧɫĺҶͰ׵ġ۵ĺɻһ˲䶼˺ɫķȵķɫĺҶɻûζҡҷ
ѪһɫâɢָתȻǿؿȴ
ڵĺң
ԺźȻ򿪣ҸæһʯһڽµıӰͦɷаɵĸ
ûעصı仯ҵķ䣬ڱʹУ¼ţĬȻ
ſڰ볨ʱԵĳɣŲͣͣ˷䣬ֱ˳еı仯ʱԺѰţõõģ
ȣÿһյķ䣬ݴСɳǰõӣ֪ûҹҪȻҷŰѻչ⣡ŭĿҽš
ϤĸоҵؿƵϢȴ־ŵʴӣǾδ˺¼⡣
Ϊλ֣ΪλģѵֻˣҵȥԶˣӱҵʡ





 ʮ ຣ

Ϊλ֣ΪλģѵֻˣҵȥԶˣӱҵʡ
ã㲻𣿺ãңԸԼؿڡ
һæʯӺڵĺҶꡭڣԼͷЩʹɳƣģĵģǳڵãֱڳƴɹޡ
Ŀԣ׶ĳǡ
ˮڣĻڣҽӵסҪ衣
žԼһ˿ңҸæŬƿ˺Ҷסݹ᾵壬ĿƵĶңһҪҵȼ
յ΢΢ѣŻʧæתϰʥ¡
ҲʪܵϰϸϸţҪһһ̽ĵףӡҵļ䣬Ϊһ᳹©һ©ڻʹʱĺϣѪʱҴģΪһĨ䣬ټʱʹ顭
ʧȥϢʱ䶼ˣҽ֮Ұʬ˳֪㲻ˣҲҪáҺ㣬޵ʹңᣬȴִźаȪӿ
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ҳ̾첻ϷŹңꡭʺɳܣ̲סӣԴѰһУǲȱҵֽƬƴ˴գǿǿָȴѵġ
ұͷʹĴţסҵ֣ĵĿҡõôˣǲﲻ
˴죬˼·ҡǲǣܳ󣬺ˣ
ʧЦңڳߵʯ£ϣһҲУԶģ濴ҡ
¹ҿԼӣǴӷĹĽʬ㲿£ɫңֻ۾ľȻնϴͻأϵıʯڷ⣬ԽԵһﶬµ
һæ㿪ٿ裬ȥǼŵǰѾȥһˣͻȻĸǻŻ˵ģ
ѪӣͬħµЩʬûʲôҺαٴ
õôˣʲô£˵ҵļ磬һģ˵òã
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ӦߣұӣΪ֣Ӻͺأʧȥ֪ʱڹᣬһӦúҸŶԣ
ΪʲôôãΪ㻹ϻصߣǿ̧ͷҲ̧ۿƬɳĮҹףݲ
ҡҪú롭
ݺݵƿң˫ȲʹĺˣˤϣҿӲݣˤĲʹûʲôģĵŮˣҲ֣㲻һұһ˵꣬Ȼת˦뿪
ص䵹ķǰ·һ׵ɫĽ£ɫӦúÿһЩͷ򵥵˸٣Σһͬס
ȻⶼҵģһܶһˣҪǿĻȥͬ춶õҲ䣬ΰʥýҲ䣡
׻ЩȫϡԺߵǰԺһƬŴ򲻿淴ġ
ת͹¥ſڡҪԣҪŻ¡
͹٣룬ҪԵʲôСǰСֵҺܲ
յ¡ϰҲæкˡϰԵߵ¥λãҪ£ȴ͹٣˼λ
Ϊʲôնġ
СЦЦ˵λӣ첨ӶˣһθһĶ⡭ҲֻܰЭԼ£λӰɣ
ҵıݺݵĻһ£ùĶҲñáĺܰԵһޡеļҸСɡ
ã룡Сܵĸһܹӵİ䣬ȴܿĶ
˼ɿڵĲɫšһ߽ˣһʶģΩ̣û˲٣лӡ





 ʮ ³ɿո

˼ɿڵĲɫšһ߽ˣһʶģΩ̣û˲٣лӡ
һ֣Щô¶棿ЩʱҲû۹Σ֮·æҲѵüһ档
Ω̾ǰ⼸ȥ첨ֻǷ˼ⲡ˲ǳȴûΣٷܸȴҲû뵽־ݵ
ǳһͻجΣעУûУȻףµֻ˺
һֿڣ˵Щֻ񣬱ͷ۵ĺܰⲻһսһսרĶԵа˵ϽҲˡĵǡ
Ω̵Ȼǽȥ̽һ£Ҳð߳ຣ
ţҿţ˼֮࣬ҪŮ⡣ҪȻҸʵĹȥƣ
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ҳ̾ϢˡΡ
֮ȥҩ̣ץ˼ζѪҩġҩߵĽҵǰųţƺΪӭҿ⳨ġ
ԺкӵЦлݶȰ΢΢ŭˣôƤú۸ãǶҲǡ
̨ףſߣĿŰǡ˪һһľһһʽаۡ
ݶ£һ廨һ߼ǡ²û㲣Щϣ׽
ҪλԶԱȶ
䣬˪ת˵ĽţˣһܹסԶ֡
֪ΪΣҽŵĲӣҩѾҡҡҲܹĿҡ
ޣҪ˵ɣԶĴţǰֽҴûϳңҲûϳҵ
ݶ¶۾΢΢Ļ㱣Ҫˣ
Ҵºеʣǣ㣬ҡ裡
Ҽĸ岻̫ã㲻ҪҴ̽΢ЦзŰ
岻̫ãɳǰõѣҵлȴû뵽ԣһĸףҲлȴеź
ݶѾʪһҪµˮãɣ
Ҹȥ˺ԺĴţһжӣһשһ߶͵Ĺ⣬ƺٻҵĹ
Ϥķ䣬еϢмŵҩζͷڴϣ¶졣
ǽǶ΢΢һ㶣迴ҵ۾΢΢һ£漴ָֻƽݶҽܸ
õˣֺαعһ̲סˮ
ѹıʹȥݶ¶æҪæɳǰõľ֮ҲͷģѰϣϷܴ¡
ͷȵĿͷĬĬڣ裬ŮТԭŮ뿪ɣŮǴ֮ˣֻʹ࣬ʱȥõĽ
վסˮϷˣúõౣأҸˣ
ݶȥλ˵꣬Ѿ̲סʹ
һæ¥һ·ĽҡȴſײŵףҩײɢˣϵĽҲ
û⣬Ȼ䣬ȴǸȻû°ɣʵڶԲ𣡡ȥʰŵڵϵҩҩǶˡţѪģѪ𣿡
ŶǡӦţʰҩݣæ˽
εĶˣֻʣЩڰȥɣûմҩݹ
æӹûϵһЩͺˣЩҪˡҼҴҵתƵ뿪
ι˦ں档
һ·ţˮĿ񱼶¡ңұҩ꣬ʰ˼ϴ·뿪˶󸮣һСջס¡
Ĳڶձȥ̽˯ʱ廹ûд⣬ֻĹȣɼ
Ŵ˯Ѩ֮ϥǿɫתϢָ糣ҳ˿Ϊ˴ͷĿѣ˫Ϣã΢΢ָ
סȵ֣ݣů硣ֱݶҩҩĻصջ
һ£ѪȶȻջªȴסס֪ˡҲòǱ޳ԼļҵĽݴǸƺҮݸ͵·ڰȥ̵





 ʮ ʵ䵱

һ£ѪȶȻջªȴסס֪ˡҲòǱ޳ԼļҵĽݴǸƺҮݸ͵·ڰȥ̵
Űһ·ţипǧһԺ²ҮݸЦŭɻʹĶ
ôǴڻ߲ײڵϣҸæԲ𣬶Բ𡭡ǸԴסջٳţΪ⣬ˣ±˽ҵĹ»꣬һصĸĤ
һĽ£ܲ·۾㡭һͣסˡ
ò̧ͷŷǰˣǸײһµķѣ˵ʲôæתֻܿ¶һ˫۾ӦòϳңҰţսһͬ
ȷû˸ţѰһҵ̡
ϰһ׺ӵͷЩɶǼֵɰƣһűʯֵǧ·ϵƤëҲϵȻ˵ţҡҡͷϷղ㵽ҿɣ
̾û뵽ôõĶ˲ҪϸϸŽϵĺëǻص˺Үݸͬҹỹȵģ˶ѾǴǰˡǶûаģֻһʧʱˣͽ˸С
Ĩ۽ǵᣬϰ壬ЩҲûУŵĿۣҿźʾ͸ˣ
Ϸ̫СܳҲӣⶫ˵Ҳʮϰҡҡͷܵ˵ʵڻϵģ·Ҳɷ˹أǴɻ֮õİɣϷˣѲ֣ǻΥ֮ﰡ
ֻҸˣ
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һϹмлϰѣҼˣ
·εţ֪òðЩȥ룿ŰǱһ¡
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ұ֮ˣΪھ壬ԥѶϵԼһҸĵ̡
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װûߡȴסңݺݵק뿪̣·ϵָָ㣬ұקļָĳɰϰ뱧ŮˣΪʲôɾˣ
ȥ첨·ҪţϵĽѿ
ôӣʲôҪѾףҵӣӦص첨ţסҵ
Ҳ֪Լʲôֻ֪˵Ѿˣһˣôܻȥ㣬Ҫ
Ҫ˵˵ʲô㲻ҪȥҪٻ󣬲ҪҮݸ磬ҪĽ꣬ҪԼҲҪɷ򣡼ȻҪΪʲôţ˵ۣ˶ҵָָ㣬ȫй
Բ𡭡ҡ֪˵ʲôԴû̫ԡ
һ˲վүλﶼųˣкãɣ
ҹԶ㣬Ǳүļ£ҹȺŭĿһΧ۵Ⱥεҡͷɢȥ
ˣĶָָ㣬ǿɫô԰ףȥģȻ˲ٿడ
⼸仰ȻҲѵĶŭֹסңˣҲöףԲסģؼңסŰɡҲͻ˲١
˵ҲŷġסСջϰӲæӭӣѽү߹ôªСꣿǺǡ
ĵû£æȥ
סķ䣬Ȼɾ첨ȴªĲӣеһòһͻҲҡҡλΣû
ʵƾɵᣣǰɫȴΪòϴ˻ɫ촲Լģʵģɾܻ࣬طֱ˴ߡ
ѰڴǣԶԶվһȫĽ䡣
ӣôˣǸ첨ɳǰõأĶȥˣֿʼˡ





 ʮ ʿ̬

ӣôˣǸ첨ɳǰõأĶȥˣֿʼˡ
ԶĽݴƣëĽЩ̧첨ļױôõã˵ô˵
ҡ͵ģ
͵㵽Լ·öҪҹȥ͵һߣʧЦһң㻹ʲôժ
һûȶ֣Ѿ𾪵ĿңôӣȻ£ǿѪȻѾȶɫȴ԰׿ɲ˫ҲѩĺѪɫ
Ҹæϣҡȥôáòʳ֪ô͡
𾪵ĺϲ£죬ôӷĹģ֮ģ
ڳģһֱڶ󸮵ԺҵʬҲ޲ߣͶǰԼѹԼ̫ˡԡһֱͷ˵ţȴû뵽εڴϣѡ
εұ˰ˣ֮ǰŰϵǮҲˡԭҵĲصΪҪԷҪˮ˾ô鷳
ѧˣԽΣյĵطԽȫȥĽһׯӦԱҲڵĵС㡣
Ϊɳǰõ˹βǰҲ˿ҶԳеĲִơǰصĹҲǶ벻ģ
һиκ˶뵽֡Ķ
ʯķ˿ͷɼ򵥵ķ٣ԱһķɫĶ·ߣݳԲΪ۾Ū˿ȥԲ۾ȴҲĿˡ
Ľҵ죬Ļ𱬡ĶЩʮʮ߰ŮӣȻ󲿷ֶǱĽҵλġ
֮˽֮ŴŮȻ֣Ҫ̣ǿһ⾩ʦɱҲûʲôԣ
ĶùǸɫ˿ԣɫǸһͣ绨˵ܰЦҼǶҵĽ״ɫѽᣬӢ
Һˮ˵Ҫ٣
һ߰ɣ
һߣһ߰׽ǰһߺڽһߣ·ɰɣҺĵѡ
ѽĶôô죿ĴЦеģɫԣҾһߣǼҶҴʲôɫҾʲôɫ
Ұܸˣûô׷壡һߣİãݸ
ùȥִתӵĶ˵ĽĶôҴһ£ûȢС˼
Ұ̾һεҡҡͷûУĽһģֻɳǰ¶һ
ޣԭʧĵͷӸҡ
Աһʮ߰СĴչеӡҲǳ͡Ķ˵ĽԶأҾϲ΢Цӣ˧̫ţˮˡ
վԶ㣬ˮ˿ϲó֣εѡ
ǺЦһĶشң˿ˣţ⼸Ԫʣµģ֬ˮۣ
ЦŽӹֱӰ˿ĽԶֺͣأȻҲֶ̫ϲɳǰӣǸ黹
ޣãĶлл㰡Ƕ˿ˡ
һʮĸ߹ŨױĨһһҡ֮䣬֬ѩһƮ䣬֮֬ζǺϢ
ţ졣ˣҪʲôսϺõƽϰԵ΢Цӭӡ
ûֱЦЦˬã߰ɣʲôɫĶУ
ҿһصɫǳһЩɫߣ˸ȴŲߣʵĶĵҵļһΣ
ʮҲвżݵģϰΪš̫Դˣû
ޣӦһ漴ЦݣλүǸµǰЩӳԺЩôӰأԺǹɶأǺǡЦֲһ֬ۡ
ҵЩ֬Ҳ䵽ϣ
ץҵ֣ģĶҿˮģĻƾãȥԺɣҸ˫ٺǮ׼̳ԺĻ
Ǻǡ𣿡ӵˣҲЩ˶Ϲҿ°˸Сأ
ΪѾ˵ң˵һƭ㲻ɣԲ֮˭֪Ժ˭֪ţˣԵĴȱ





 ʮһ Ķץ̲

ΪѾ˵ң˵һƭ㲻ɣԲ֮˭֪Ժ˭֪ţˣԵĴȱ
ǺǡãԺĴôãֲڶŮӸϧ
ҺȻ˲κʱķ죬ϻиܻķ㣬һĵѩ֮أ֮£֮£ⲻˣѾֺαضܣ
ôĶ뿪˾͸ߣȥǵҵ˵
ˣѾ߳㣬ĶúúõģҲȥ
йƤ򣬱ȥ󵱼ңҲô˵ҪĶԼ
ҵĵ꣬߰ɣȥԺϲ˹֪ͨңͣе壬Ѿû˻ƽŰɣϢĶ𣡡
лл󵱼ҵġ㡰ᡱɿҵ֣ƽСҵĶˣԺȲ裡
Ǻǣлл㣡Цš
һĿңһԹϢĲϣõŮͶƵƵĿĶٺ٣
ʮҹĴ
̾˿ҵ۾˿ãҸʮµٺȥ˷ˣ
ûԥֱӵлл󵱼ҵģĶˣҵ棬·ĵһߣλ˵ĴУֱȥ˷
Ӻƿӣ˷ȴûˡҪȴһѳңϵ˺ȥϱʹæס
ңҵ֣ȴûоȡõΪʲôؼңֳϧ
㡭㡭ôϳҵģҲϳң
ЦЦĿĶûûСĲɵҹ۲ܾˣң˷ϣĽҵô󣬾Ϊÿһܽûйȥû۾ûиߵ͹ͶȻС΢ȴϰɡϵ㣬ѳˣõɱ֣жһеģ
Ǻǡϴ
һؼң𣿡˵ĺᣬһǣΪֵԪܡ
ֻܿ񣬵ĵãӺˡ
ã㣡ǿ㻹ǼĶɣ̧չߣһĽָմϸ˿ûʲôȱ©ŵòҪҪٺ
΢΢һЦˣûݶȰɣر࣡ЩӷҲԵûθڡ
ţãֲɫô֡ϧҵļ򣬡ˣȥæɣ
һҩݶǸħһҵůůģһֱůθ澭
࣬Ŵ࣬ٺ࣬࡭ÿŻһͣ඼ҽе˷ȥԣΪЩֲѪ࣬ҵѪɫ¶ȣĻָǰ㣬˾޵ӡ
ò˳ͷβĸı䣬ĸ˱ӵĳŮȥݣҲҪЦ˼ңⲻֻһֱ죬һ죡ҾǸʵȥǷֲĽʬӣ㲻ηηβǡ
˱ˡ
һ磬˰ҳ꣬ĵͷһԪĶпճȥ棬֣źĺóԵĶһֻҪˣҾͲƷѵӡиʯϰ֣Ͳƴ֣һԺ׼Ǹܼӣ
绻˰ǣһֱС죬Ķôô˽ԼԣôóΪʲôûãһڣҳ
ҺģСһһֱ̿ˮЩĲ̡һһһףζ˸׳죡ԳˣûԱ
Ŷӣŵϣֻһֱ߶ϵİ˪Ķ֪֪ôãĸɷ˺ôĹأ㰡ȱԣ㿴˰ɣĶӡ
ֻܵĶӣżͿˮⶹҪһʱŴסˮҪտ֮İҪһ߽һ߰Ŵ顭
Ҷˣҳˣ߶𣿡СӺӶһˣ
ڶһ磬ǻݶġЦĿһһڳ꣬ĶϲһֿζרŸ󣡡
ǺǣֻҪǷģһֶϲҳˣޡ
㿴ĽݼҳôҲñ㣬ҲֻܡǺǡϲͺãϲͺãָˣּˡ





 ʮ Ц׷

㿴ĽݼҳôҲñ㣬ҲֻܡǺǡϲͺãϲͺãָˣּˡ
¶û˵۾һֱҲţĿ͡ҳ֮ңѾͷԵˣ˿Ҳ졣
ӶȰ˪û߶ûꡣһֱҽѧʣջλɢȡûбֻͷʹ
һ磬裬ЦеĴᣬͷβһ仰û˵ƺҪǧɽڻֻǿһһڵĳԸɾ뿪
ԶһλŮ͵ңֻεĸǽݸң֮زز
ףȻͬĺ䶯Ůȴɵɱ˵ֻԶۡĽ֮״źţԶԶƵƵɢǿķ״˻ȥ
ҳʱûпңֻһ̾ɷҲÿڡ
һ磬֣໹ûڶŮѾŮɡһڵſڣڶʱȸԼǼȣŮ°ĵңĽ꣡
ԼıŭŮ˵ļнУεĳеĽ˭ڲɱ˭
ŮĲҪģĵңɱҰɣĽ£Ҽӵĸ֣ΣסŻµĳ嶯ޡ
ûߵ˷ǹѾŮߡĵġҲҪ㣡
ΣҴȺȥ緹ô򷢣˱ģȻݶĲԶˣһھûθڡĽû緹Һݺݵҧһ
绹ˣϴǸһָ߸ϵľУû˸ҿûԺðɣҸ
Ժˣұ߳ԱߵҲɵӣȻһ˵ķҪ뿪ģϲԶϣģŨŨģǡôҲ뿪ˣ˺Ҳ͡
ΪʲôʵЩ顣Ҳûй¸߼ˡ
ɳһսڼԤУҪҵˣҪˣǣû˵ʵ飬ֻ뻻ζһݶЩ̫ƣۣҿۡô˵Ҳۻݶģ
棬̾˿ҲûȰ⣬ֻʣʲô
Ҷ˶٣˰ɣòˣ˵ţѾ
վҵļ򣬡ã
ϣŷг֣ĺѾȣҲûһȺŮΧ£Ҷֻ̫żϣĲˡ
ҽӹʳУ˷ϴţ
治ֻˣĲһһ׷Ҷ˳̻ʵĴڳţһ߳ԣһĬȻᣬŵ̵ĵȥ
ŨҵĸˮҵѪ⣬ҵ꣬ҵ־ο壬ϣ΢ЦĴȰŶĿǷ
ĸߣ¡ܷ죬ֳٳٹ顣˭Դģ͡
֮ƽ˺ܶ࣬ȴǳҭҭһ߻һУһҰοţҳףѾˡǵĸŮ֮飬Եڴ
õСĿڣҲǿ㣬ԸһֱȥʹŰɡ
ţһȴ֪㣬ȥԺɣҲ㣡
һ㶣ߵǰֻ̫ƣ֡
㲻ýͣҲ⣡ʰӺ꣬ʳСÿ˶ԼѡʲôԼ£ޣˣԺҸ㣬Ĺﶼܹ㣡
ЦǰȢܷʱҲ䲻ȣ̳ӣ
̳ӣʡҲԼȷҪô˵ǸҪ˴Ь
˵Ǳ˴ЬֺõȥҪң
ðɣĽ꣬Ҹ㣬ҪȣͬҪˡıȣĿĸ绨ѾߣܷƯһûȥԺʱķ죬ȥȥ֣ûҹ޹
סҼҴûҪʲôıģһ˲ҪסҪֻһˣû˼ȥŮˣ
ңȴֱȥܷӣܷ˺ӣȴȥҤӣһ㣬ģŹģһҰ㣡
˵꣬ʹˣܹһ꣬Ȼ죬ͨ͸ﻨ㣡
˵Ѫһ仰õ֪ұȲģ֪Һ˾ƾͻѱŮ˿㣡





 ʮ ȡǰ


˵һѪĻõ֪ұȲģ֪Һ˾ƾͻѱŮ˿㣡
ĽݹǺֻεĿ̾˾ôûһֻĸϴ
㡭ǴӴ̳ģһ
ǹаԣûкһʱ⣬΢һŵҪأͽתĿ꣡˺ϵߣܺã׻ӣҼ޲΢ۣҼүҲ޸
ǰİ׻׻һ˫ĿƺҪһȭױ̨ϣľͷǵѿһֱ񾵵ءܴȷĽһֻ֣һ֣йеаԣǡҲܡܽȫ̷񶨣
Ű׻ŭҡҡͷһ뿪ҿѾָΣҪȻһХܲˡ
˵ʲô߰ġүүҪ㣿깾š
Ҷߣµһ˦ԣүǲҪңȥ˷
ҪȥģżıסңҸղֻ˵˵õҪߣ
˦֣⻳ﻹ֪˹Ůˣнģң
㡭ѹҶˣ硣
ΣҲֻұҴӷĹˣûôɷˣҪظҪżңҵɵ͵ߣ˻ƿ֪ΪȫҷŭʲôŭӺ
ΪǰĽָʥýҪͰ׻һΪôҮɳģ˵޵ǰ׻
ף췭ظ΢۲ҪģҰⳡŭֻΪ˰οԼ˵ˣ
˰ţѾ첨·ſڡ
ųţиҲڷŭ˵˲ԣԡҹȥӣˤڵѣѾ̵ֻ߲Ĵ˳
ҽţϡı΢΢һ£ȼŭ𣬡˵ԣԡ
ûԣ
𾪵תӣһ㲡õ㡭ˣϸϸĴңƵģתתȥϸϸ
û˵ĽҵĳׯǻݶˣҺǺǵЦţôô󣿱ǰӻ󣡡
ֿʼɵЦҡǺǡͺã˵ţӵҡ
Ѷţ˵ⲻԷôأţƽʱԵĲˣš
Ѳɿңòغãȥšӹϵ̣һַƵӡ
˿ӵǽ壬߶߶ô˷ôƢź㣬ȰԷҲΪá
֪ˣҳԣȥЪϢɣżͿ͡
УҪԣԣ˲ģ¸ĸġҪ㰡Ҫ˷ѷˡ˵Űѿӵݵϣתƻ⣬ôˡ겻ģ
ûûСóԣѸæڳš
ļ򣬡֪㻹õֻ⺢Ҳ࣬ò׼޵ǼҲû츣͡Ҳ뿪һˣֹڻ򴽣ЦЦѶ⼸м׵ģҲҪ
ˣٹͳúñսͷţȻ̧ͷ˵ԥˡ
ʲô˵ÿڣ˴Ȱ΢Ц
õû㻹𣿡濴ˡ
㶣ʧЦѶҿ˼ǳȥǳһۿŹײӵģô˵ķ軰أε΢Ц֪õֱֲʧᣬҲֻǣܸȥˣͲҪˣ
վ̾ˣԣȻطˡſȴͣ£ѶⷿԴõˣҲûˣô
ѻæ¿ӣվŵ̫ˣþԣǻþ
ҲĵͷǰɣϺͿˣҡҡͷֲ߳ͷѣ˯ɣ
ѴӦŹţܵһڲڡͰѴϵϱӼװ˯šȴĿݶתһȦ뵽˴ϣֱԴԼ
˯ţҲٽңҲǶ˲ӣиθˣҴҴӣתȥԷˡ





 ʮ ޴ͬĽδ


˯ţҲٽңҲǶ˲ӣиθˣҴҴӣתȥԷˡ
ڶһʱһףӢ䣬䣬ڴǰĵᣬϷĹ˯Уλá
ҪȥҲ˲ӣŷֱʲôû
Լ˯ô·֪Щ̫ˣװ򾲣Ȼûʲôȴ̲סȡ
ţսڼҪȥ㸸׾졣΢΢һЦһ·ңֻܾȵӲͷƤע£һһϡ
úô⣬Һܿģ˵ţңһǡôôͨޣ޼䡣
̲סü᲻ǰڵظҲ˰˵ͬĻڤӰߣĻ衭ŵĻ֮עġ
룬õİɣݲġռС΢۵罺ᣬ뵽£Ǻһϡʵһ̫ľ硣
˲ܼ޸ˣҪ޸лĵˣϵ߲ʱ򣬲Ų¶įıԵǡô
ǿȵĹƽ濴һȥɣ
ȥʲô˵ˣս϶ӡٺ١ǲ᲻ҰӣЦŵ٩ҡ
ô˵ҪȥҲհһ˧ķɡ˧źҲ򳪸棡
ȱǣǸ򳪸桱ȴһǱһ
漴תʹںޣõԲҲĽҲ㣬ʱȥУͲ
˵ҵ˫ҲԾʪȥֻˣСջѹ񣬽ʬһȴֲ֮ļˡʹЦЦȥ£ͲҪˣȻһǲܼ⣬Ҳͦõ𣿡
һҳѵ棬ҵһվıĸ̨ϣڲʿ£һһţ뻮һںŲ죬ġ
ͬеĻд󽫾ҵϵܺã˶Էһֱս¡
Ȼ˴γҵĸϣȴҵ֡캮ضǳʱ佻սݺͶҪ׼һսҵ̾š
ͷ˵öԣѾּͽļطﱸˣǸϵʱ˵ġҲἰʱߴ١·ҵϣ·ϣӦʤȯաֻǣ˵εļ꣬ˡ
ĿǳֺüĩҲ£˴°ҵ˵ţ̾һϵĸ̨ڱ¶Ҷ˻ǲİ
书һȥҲںЩˣˣֻܾЧ͢ҲҴΣԴǼɣįĿȻǰȴѾ˻䡣
ҵûٿڣеʹȴŨҵ졣
ѶɾǱߴ̽ʲôˣձı̨뿪ҵſʼ¡
۽ǵɨһۣɴ˴εҮݸ磬Դ˱Ժ֮󣬴̫ƺ裬ȨȨ٣޵УҲǸţǰ²·ϣǱܵģ˵ÿ͹۶пϡ
ҵͷҪСģ֪֪ˣսǴ˴βǴô򵥣ҪصİתƣҪذ
ѵͷҵ̾һĿԶĿǰ·ʲôƵĵҼǵõǰǱиĽ֯ǰɱɱ֡ҪЩ˵Ϯע⣬ЩҲ࿴潫ķӳ²ǣҪһʧаҮݸ粻С˵䵶
ǣĻش
æһ죬һֱڣǲæꡣص첨ѾǵƻͨѾڷǰȺ򡣡ˣȥԣѺһԺߡ
˲⣬⺢ӡ
˰𡢣ȥɣһˣҵĴȰ¶
һݣȰҰͷժͷ̫أѹҲӶˡҡŲӣ쿪첲ɵ״ҰѱѵûŪ˾Զŷ˹ֱŶ룬Ѷô
æǰֻתȥáһôҲŰ





 ʮ ɹ


ŭôˣҲûȣʲô߰ѷ˷ϣֵĿŶڵϵıѶףô⻹һױԡԡ
˵ţߣҴ󾪣תġζ̫ϤˣѶŮӣﲻ㣬Ҳ߻ħҸͬõһϲ۵ŮӰ
ѿЦãֻ˳ãͱϹˣǶĹĵɣ
ͻȻУԣ⡭ߵǰץһ·
֪书޷ٶȣڲȫڲҲڲ·⡭ϤϤˣʱҴ·
ѻæȥɹģֻǡֻǡ˼õУ׷ģ
Ŵ߳ˡؿڣ˿߳ǰˣˣﲻ׷ˣԷɣȥǰԺˣ
ޣãѽ󣬰ŲϡҴӷҲ̾˿ûҲʼԼףϿԡ
ȴû뵽ͻȻһɴײײǱǴ廨ЬĽ߿ģŻڻζһŶȣﺬһڲˣѵ׻ûꡣ
ʱˣ
㶵Ķң𾪣ʹ࣬ϧ⡭һһ߽ҺѲ֪ôźãȴǰĲ˽ˣʽθȻʵ˲٣Ҳ˱ˮڵ
û뵽˵񾭾Ȼǿ׳ûбŵҲû뵽˻ҰοļҵģҶϱ󣿿ϧϧ
ϧʲôҺͬ
ϧǶϱţִ󷽣򲻻̻ʣʧĳ̾һҲˣȻһǵģϻ㣡
ҺѶһۣ˿ûεңûаҸϳȥң
õŶҴҵģǻؤģʱˣʹ˻Ҳû˵üͷ졣
˻ȻĵͷûˣĴȰֲأƣûԹƵģԣзˣ
ţллˣһ߳һߵͷл
Ѽˣ˵ʲôҲһţֻһ˫ӣֻ˹áſӼвιңһһڣǲ֪ӣȴûо
ʱѾ⣬ҲȻ롣õ𣿡ƽһ㿪ڡ
ûֱӵţ߷ֱѺԳԲ̫ίĽ͡
һֱңΪ˵ҺǰղŸҳһڣԼڣƫԼθ
ѱĴ̾ȴεˡôúõģô͡εķˣ̲סԹ 
Ϊ鷳ֻܽղŵ´˵Ժ޳Ѳ֪һֱ֣֪̿ôźá
ڶ֮ʹҴҴ·ȥǰԺǵһ¶飬սս˴µĺһ㡣Ҳ·ϣõֹ֪ô͡
һԺһľͦӽӢʮ㡣ԴҴһֱ볬Խңÿ춼иѶղ˵ʲô
ڿմ̽һУͶȴˣƺҲ˲ԣѶ㻹ǲǵõһôģӻˣһʱǲ
ѲĿ˿ˣȷ£Ŷ˶񣬵Ҳǲ̫ˣɣ
̾˽ߵǰϧļ磬Ѷˣ֪ܣûԷ¾ˣϽ·ϴȥæɣ
ûԷҺõõѲ֪ôͲźá
˳̾һԼµɵӣ۵ĺ˫Ѷõһߣһ˶ܣֻǣΪңϣ˵꣬šᣬȥ
Ѵ㵱ãԺߡ
ڳˣѡĵʱʮһ£һ·£Ҳ̵꣬ʱǴ죬ֵˣ
һ·нţϡȴܳ档䣬ǱԸҲļ˱˵ĺȡʿȺ̲סҮݸ硭
ѲҸţǣھ¿ţҲ¼Щˡ





 ʮ ;Զů


ѲҸţǣھ¿ţҲ¼Щˡ
⳾ⱱ紵ĳ߮Ʈ裬ͣʼջǻᱻߣ
ʹߣһ꣬һѩ󣬻ǻʧ١ȥǻǵĶһٷĶʱ
ֱۣĪ޻֦֦֮أЩ뱯ȴ˼ң
ʱãʱȴѲڣ֮Ľǿ̾ʱһƽ٣һжˣ
·;ǳһǽʿǻԵ֣еĻᳪһҥеĻὲһе޶Сһ֧һʷǡǧٹ֣ǣЩУķҲôˣ
һ֮Ѿ֮һ·̣ҵĹ¿ʼ˼߿ʼơԼһ磬ҲûʲôȤˡ
ҹǵ㣬쳣ף¶ӪĿյϣűǷһ˼ﵽѵӪʡȥо·̣ڡ
ұŰϢЩӻһȺ˶˯òҲ·ַ˵Ҳܲˡǣ֪˯ˡ
ҹ˲صֹƺҵ·αѣžһƲƫеĴĳ˵ϡ
ıɱ׷򰡣ŭҲѹ죬ѣ
ҸæǸЦǺǣˣǺǡŶ˼˴ϰˣ⣬⣡ϵָӡټѾɫ۵ŭҲⰵԼ̫ء
Ҳڼҵ𣿡űҴú׵գ
ңĪֲܼ⣬˵ˣһȥ㲻ҸǺǡҲõ˼һ˼ˣ˼ң˼΢ۣ
Իң˧ʯĳ״򲻶ߵӪʿڣѲʵתʱȴѾ˸ˣ״򲻶ȴѱ˧ˣ
ٺٵЦߵ齱ߣѸٵĳȥϵսֽۣҳ֨ѽ֨ѽ죬ƺе㳬ɣ
æĻȣҪʱ齡һмϳ룡ȵĻЦ⣬⣬ķ޻ɣ
ǰܵĵ䣬ֻ·İϡƵƽϣǸɿݵĻĲݣ¶ȴܵ͡˯һҹҪ˲ɣ
ȴ£ڵ̺õıϣҵõſϣůһЩ
ѣģ岻ãҳ̾ʼڴʹ˯ƤҵۿĪķȡ
ɵţң˱Ӹϣḧҵ۽ǵʱֶһ£ɫĵ٩ˣ
Ҹæӣᡣٳ컹ûùȸѴߣůĴ󴲣Ȼٲ˴ů¯ٶ˴󴲺ů¯糿Զʧ˯һ
תۣٽǻһͨսɽ·ϣѩ죬絶ʱĶ飬ʱȴǵɢţеȺһһȡůһǰС
һȺУӭźĬȻǰУʺʹͣ½Դʵֻ۾ǿףԾĽݴŵӡ
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ıҵıһɬůǻȻůνġɷ족һƬ죬һƬûзѩ죡һͷϵ³ǰǡĭɣ
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ɱ˻Χ²ˡʧȥһҲ岻ȥɥѣֻһ־ܡ
Ǳ֮󣬱˴ɱԺȻҽˣδɣҵϵ롣
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ã㲻ûؼˡתڷˣ
ǣȥ֮󣬽Ѵ˳
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Ϊûйţҵϲȴ˲أҸλȥչȣ
ʱѵԺ̻ȥĽݴϻΣ֪ʱ
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ź̺ıԺûкǰķȽڣֻǰã̫ѵŸ֤顣
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˿׻ûпڣչ¶һĨʵ΢Ц˴أſֱۡУָоƬƬë׷ŵƮ䡣

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о׻ҪĻ뿪Ұ̾һ׻֪ĲǣȴϣҪһ
ֱڣ䵶Ĩʹ˺ѵʹĽűȻʧǸоʵʵҾţԪܵʱʱ׹ĸоĿ־ŨءŨسɿɲĺڣڳһ޵׵Ԩ
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ӷҰɣǧˣһֱӣûγȥҡͷβĿ
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ҡõ֪ûУҴû㣡
У˿Ѿʼңڸңħ񣡡ҷߺ޵תذ׻
ӭ߹ҲʱףλŮӿź찡ߵ׻ſʱȻҵļ磬õõѾͷôӣ
ȥʰ׻ңǶһҺǵ񣬺ǵɡ
Ҹȥʰ׻
ȥ¶ɣ
Ϊʲô
Ϊӣûӣںܷ㿴ҲöɣҹһȭȥҴҵӳ⡣
׻һ˲仯Ϊһǽ塣
ŵˣľˣĻ˺һһƮţеİ趼Ϊĩױ̨ˣƬȴأƮԭλãôҶҲ飬Цӳճħһ飬һװ
㱼䣬ӣȻ֪ǲǵӣǳЦȴصڶߣõⲻǻþ
ЦɡЩòȻαƣݵ޳֮ͽָžƿڴߴߣһջһһжջ
ҧгݵĻӳһȭǾӱҵĻζҲڻζȴûѺۡ
³ʱҰ뿪ʱˡεġʲô׻ʲôǣͳͳ





  ʥͼ֮

³ʱҰ뿪ʱˡεġʲô׻ʲôǣͳͳ
Ϊô尾ȴҡ
Ҫ뿪ΣҪͥҪɱЩЦҵһҷ𣬰ʹһ٣Ȼж˿飬ʮ˲һ尾
ţһȻסɵЦ
Ҷ洹֪ǲҿңڳ˼ҵЦʱսһɪһ¡׻ʥͼȴûҺ֮䡣
ㆪʲôϽʼҴʥͼȴʥͼһǿҵİ׹ˣˤȥۿҪײڵǰϣգۼסҡ
δĿŰ׻ô£
Ѿħ㿿׻ʹİ̾
ħ
ʥͼϣõǹλ֮ͿԿķӡڵǣģŭ̫أҲˣѸٵ̳ħԽԽءӡҲѾʧˣ
ΪʲôڲŸң
ҲţǸ𽥱䵭ӡǴ򿪷ӡԿף
кȻһɳǰõ˿ϵǸСĴǰʮС棬һܳؼҵˣȴΪʱ
һʼ㿹ְ𣬺˶ʥ壬ٺҲ㣬ÿһΣᶼʡ̾ϢţӡûˣҲ޷ҵڡ
֪ΪΣȴһ㶼ģȸԾ˿ΪЩ˺ͶɹϧǺðҵʥýְ֮ˣҪ뿪뿪Щ˶ĵ񣡡
ȴȻڣ֪һĴȵۣҲǡ
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Ǻ۴͸ģڴ֮ǰҵְ𣬾ػۡڣҲӲҪõܻᷢʲôҲõ黯ħҵļ磬Ҵģʱ׹£ҽסҴʥýְ֮Σٽƪຣ
㲻˵Ǵܳܵģ׻ڵʲô
΢ЦĨϤķʣ˵Ѿҵ˽ȵİ취
Ҳ˵ȫǣ֪ҵڷֻصۣҲҵչȵ£׻ӦúŶԣϵһӣң²˳٣ȥظ
һûлشѾȪ·ϡ
ɭȻ·ϣɫı֪·߽޹ĻǱ˰ƬɢţѪ̳ɵĵ̺
ǵںħı˰Ǹ˵üɫĽŮӣˣǱ˰ڤ˰һǧ꣬һǧ꣬Ҷ
ǸɱĳŮӡ
ܾúܾǰѾ·עɣħҲӦöģħҪ޲ҵʥ壬һ
ҳ̾һӻл񡣡Բ𡣡
ɵϣһ˵ЩЦҵļ磬Ӧңһ·κţҪ嶯
öŭţȴĺˣҲżƽϵġ
û뵽ߵκͷʱȴȻֵסһţͷһͷţͷ棿
˽һɫףݣɭˣ䱸ʲôôظڵţͷ
ףλϵ𣿺Ǻǡ겻ܿҲ硣
Ǻǣ겻λֱϣͨһ¡ѵü˽о֡
λǡǴңɣǾȡ
λӣ
䣬ţͷæ񣬡ְ񣬻ˡҵȣҵȡʵûϳǵǽš
ûʲôǷϻɭӣҲҶ࿴ڰ֣ͷÿҪ仰էһڣҪƵģ
ʧЦ󣬡λɣмҪ̸
ã룡λҲûٶ˵ÿ·
ߵκŵһˣŻֻûȴЦЦұڵӻҵɣ
ͣͣȻתߵǰѹҵĿֲоס˫磬ǿ̧ͷҡ
ҵӣ˫ĿǾ뾪壬ڽĴ㡣
ûֻǺ㣡Ц





  Ѥõǰ


ûֻǺ㣡Ц
ţ濴⸱ӣ֮ô֮ԱЦ׻ᣬ΢ۼ棬ΪΪ֮עģҪлл㣬лл޷Ǹļ䣬ллҲòپһĥлл㣡Һ޲һƽϰף綼ȥˣ
ңõҪÿһηŭúĸ죡Ҳ֪ŭǺϣˮ֮Ȼֲ
Żֵ̿ĹȥͿͷӣԲ𣬶ԲҲ֪кĲ֪
̾һţ֪߲ĪҪˡ
ߣһŵظȥ
ӵǱ߳߻źڰ޳̸ʲôҺûע⵽һתȥͬڰ޳˵š
ǰļȴû뵽ٿȻתһݵϮҿļʱҪȻҪûҷˡʲôħظˣмıʣƤû̧һ¡
Ҿͺޣջúõĺ§§ձ׺ݣãߣҲˣ
Ӧ̧ͷõħôôԶңϸϸţ
ߣħãſң֣ƿħǸ߸ϵɣ
õʱסңˣæģһ¡΢Цҵıǰοһ˵ĺӣվ޷ܾķʡ
˵һ֮ʼҲڵʱա
ëߵĳص顪̲סȥһҳһҳĿհףط˼£ߣʲôûУǲƭң
εҡҡͷôħҲ䣿һ߷һߵΪ˷ֹħ۸ģֻܿ
㡭ħ֣һȭϣҰҹൽħ֣
ֻε˵ȽԶλãȻӦ˰æȻûˣҲս۵Լϡ
εҴİݵѸָֻԭܸܲҰ㣿ĿȻ
ҾҪ϶ҵǰԭɳǰõĻ˭Ȼȴǰ۾ȥʹҡ
㡭ֽܲΣεϣӸµĿңȴһƶûУֻεŶǡ
ѾûӰְֻȥҪŭң㶪ʮ˲
ٺ٣㷢ŭĺÿɰ
һ䣬ֵҵüģõϢһº᲻ô㡭۾ʱԻػһ²֣²ֻ֣Լ価Ļ
ʱκͷƽĵϡһлһһҨŲڷַˣϵ޽ײţкڰ޳ĺǳ
ôҲҷ
ͬһһָһ룬ǰһָ󣡡˵ţоһӨĶһ㡣
ΪʲôҲʲôǵֲẦˣֲɱ޹ıĻ
Ѹסҵ֣ܡΪѳħΪһͨһᱣ͹򡣵ҵʱĹЧԶʧ
Һôǵأûбİ취˵ˣҺôҵۣҵأ֮ҲȣǶˮܺ
㣬㣬չ㣡֮ϵģ񡭡ǸŮһңҵǿڱڣȻʲôסˣ߲
ڽҴߣѸԿһĻɫâҵ֣Ѹһԡ
õΪԼίһκ𣿶ңҺ㣬㣬չ㣡Ҫǡϧʹһ˿ǡ
Ϊ㣬Ժħú޲ҵʥ塣ӦڲģԲҳԼ˭ţһˣѰһܡ
ȣ裬紵ɹ̬࡭ҪˣԭԼҲ˳ӣûڣ׻ɣҪһУ





  ת


ûڣ׻ɣҪһУ
֣˵ţлһᣬѽһһҵؿϮѸ
Ծ޾ĺڰϣϣϡĺڰ¶Ҳ˰ڲã
Ȼһ°׵ӰӥѸͣһûüתѾ½磬һΧڣŬײ룬ȴôײơ
õҪˣΪãƮϣһ䣬ûˣȴȫ̱ȥʹ
ұղϣ̧ҵ°ͣſ졣
Ѷһ붫ϧĿһۣǿ
ûζû¶ȣˮûʲôҵɴ۾ŭĿޣȴ޲ʼռǵϺиڵѩһĻ

䣡
䣬䣬䣬ұҲ䣬ͷ䣬䡭ȫʹľ
ʨһŭţҲ֪ʨǸʲôһƬհסֻϣȡůθҲһƬհףֻʲôԵҲá
̵ģбģӵùͷһƼаŻصһţҵСϡҲطûʳǸڰ
һ˲м٣˵Щ£ӷĹƵģҵıһָѽûˣ
ҵ屻ֻСϵĴŷţӰιԣߺߣҲߵǺ㶳ɱ
ûΪҸˣȫӲ
ԶڿɢɢֻһƥһԶϡʲôڴ֣
ϵĴƿˣˣ¹˵֣̿꣡
һСؤҲԴֲ޵Թص޵һӢЩƵˣŲķŭȵĽŲ
ӰҵİԵƤϣֻһ£ҵķ˿ᲦƬ̣ҵ屻һ˫ֱˣҽ
£⡭һѼһԥš
˵ҽû𣿡һк
ѼΨΨŵŵ
ҷˣ֪ΪʲôģֻƾԼһƬڰ
޷ӦͻȻů̫ΧůůġĹͷʹͣ˵ƤҲΪůĵ
ҵʱһͬȵתһ˫֣ᣬ£̫ȣ⺢öҪȻ¡ĴʹΪ
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ȵȥǣԵĽչŮŮһ
úãƽʺ죬Իúܺã޷ĵĺܣ˵˺ܸˣЦҲܶǴˮ
£ȻŮӦøַŰɡȵ顣
ţԡüһ̥ǣ֮˽οˡȴ֪ƷΡʹ⿤ĥ֮ƶ¾
ȵæ檴Ůл¶䣬꣡
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պ۾Լһž޴ĴϣỬůͣɫɴӷ䣬ܿ󣬿ĵһֻ㡣
ǻİ裬£Źֶвһ䣬Ů̸š
˵ĸʾһȥʳⶼؤڳſڱ˼ֻܿϳţַ࣬뿪һŮ
Ҫ˵Ҳˣôؤϼ񵽣ֵأŮᣬǿ̾ؤ
ûǣŻ֫߶˫ߵױ̨ǰͭҵӡһŶ쵰԰ףüëҶͦ㣬۾ܴ˫ĺԴ˷ɫüиɫӡǣǻһſ
ǣңǸӣֻʮ꣬ҵɢڼϣһİۣǷ׹µĹȣӯȻƺʱʧʱֻ֡ûм䣬ûʹࡣհףһжǿհף





  ؤ


ǣңǸӣֻʮ꣬ҵɢڼϣһİۣǷ׹µĹȣӯȻƺʱʧʱֻ֡ûм䣬ûʹࡣհףһжǿհף
ﲢûпĸо
䣬ɫװĹŮҺȻĳһϥ΢΢£ƯͷҲȥ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôҲû˸Ҹ˵ʲôţպ䡣ҿڣˣ
һϻҲǡΪˣܸЩӦ֪ǸȵǸԳΪޡĺˡ
ƺҵ˼ź˵ˣܵǣūȥʺһˡ
ʣһģū澰ϴɣûӦбҪûбҪͲ
ԣ߻ױ̨ǰױ̨ļ룬һŸʽӣһһΣµһȫһЩСӣ֬ˮۡ
ʲôʲô֣ڿհ׵ͷѰһʹʾ䣬
ūģղǸ䡣ӣָ޳䣬
ҵͷĺƯϵķһչĺſͷϣֻСķͷ֮ûиŪ֬ˮۣһ·ҴϣɫģţƯС䣬չţֲ
ʺˣӺݻ毺ãȥ죬еУȷҴδͷֻ˴ӵһĵͣȴһѾͷŽҿ˸飬һƵĳ۳ϵϡ
Ů߻икҲҲһƣϤİ䣬ܾӦšʳ˼̻𡱵ʣɷ̫ءѵ⡰Ѽӡк
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ɣ˵һ˿ϣкҲߡ
ðơûȣ߹ȥ濴Ҳ濴ңǶҵӺ⣬ȷǸӣƽϹǶ˼Ҳ£һ˼ֹ̫ҪѲк󸣡ߺߡѹ㴭
ĿͣҲñӳҡ
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ҵȻףΪҲɵӣҲӣҺĵ˵ͷ
һԵкҵԺ󣬡λĸ磬гǵ̫ӣҪ֡⣬һŮҲҪ㡣ʹףҴӽѧϰʫϲʲôҲѧʲôһգԺҲóޣ
ֵͷ
һͷ˻ʹл⣬ΧһǵУҿóǾңңȻ󿴲ʱַ̡ڿ࡭ҿǣۡ
û뵽Щϵʶϰ̫Ҳû뵽һᱳʫʫ徭ܱܶûʫҲ˵ѧһûҵˮƽߡ
ԣʺǣһֱ佱ѵһĲŮ
һͨҽҩҽܶҽңΪǺܶҩ⣬ӳ˻᲻С
ĽǸ̫ӳҲҵĶ֡
ǣ֮󣬴üִһǶҵĶ֣ʧִˣֵʵҲǾҵǸˡ
ʵ۳ȻϣǺܺÿ绪ҸЩĵطȴûͬʺҵĸоһЩ죬ҼǲֻȣֻӦŮ
̫ӳȴ佱ң˵û£̫ӳĻΪˣĪ裬˵Լ뱻Ů˱ʵ˵ҲŮˣŮ
Σһÿ赸ǣٲᣬдֺܳ󣬴岻ᣬҲֻửڹꡭΪˣ̫ӳ˷ڿҵɡ
ǣ˻ʹĴ桪һЦޣʹ࣬ϲõŮûйȥؤ
ʺ⣬ҵ̬Ҳʼ˵Ҳָȵ¶ȣѾ÷ֱα
ƽϹ¡ֹˣʮޣҪڵʱŻ빬





 ڰ ȽһӮ


ƽϹ¡ֹǾʮѳޣҪڵʱŻ빬
꣬һˣԲ
ΪԲֻ⼸˵Բȴû뵽ʵۻӺͺӣһȺ
һʶҲǲס֡⻹кܶҲϼҴڣһЩܳĴ󳼹ҲԼĺӺ
ʺͻϸ߸ϣҺ̫ӳ濿ǵһϣɺŮ󳼡
֣иݣգݡƽᣬϹճÿӹŮܴҲûѡ
ʺǵճҲ¶¶ưɣʵԻʺ˵۾ȴҡ
ãЩ㶼ˣҲһθưɡϹ׵һʺԸšֻܺϹһվӦ
ϹŮһһ׵ۣµĸоһɫյĶɫЩվһ𣬸ĿҾ̾
ϹǰӨָнĻңˮء
ҺȻӣ趯ĳһվÿһؽڶеԣӯƮݵװҲƺ
ǰȻһƬþƮ죬ϳ̫ӳ߻һŮӣΧǴŻװòˣٵǸӣһۣϢ
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ʺЦһ۽ɨӣȻġ
λʱ̫ӳѵõĺûЦĿ˵Ƕؤͷ
û̫⣬ΪһĿϣҺܲ
Ѱȥȴϯλϵһʮ߰кͬһ£߹ţԴЦݣ紺һ㣬ȴֱ飬Ļҡ
ؿֵʹһ£漴ʧʹһϰߣĪϰߡ
Ǹ˭̫ӳ
ǼʶǻСӡĸҽܡ
ʱһŮǱװģʮ꣬ǳ°ҲƯǧġճŮҲ̫ӳδޡҳ棬Ҳʱ졣
Һ̫ӳм䣬Ǹղһʲôÿ
֪ҡҡͷ
ӣ̫ӳԽ°ҵĶͷ̫ү͸пչ
֪ΪΣšչĸ֣Щ㱵Ϥ
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ҴδҪӮҲƶҵĿûЦôÿΪҲ֪ôЦҲʲôЦ
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ΪĽ⣬津ҵʺ
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ôӮãһôãˣ̫ӳܶࡣǰӲҽô໰
ûлش̫ӳĻκײȻ̫Ǹϯλϸ߹кʶҲ߳£ʶĽܸȤҲֽУ





 ھ ʹʧķ

ûлش̫ӳĻκײȻ̫Ǹϯλϣ߹ŵкʶҲ߳£ʶĽܸȤҲֽУ
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ߵĳ°ȴסңǸǶСĵ
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Ҳ֪ΪθˣҲ֪Ϊ죬һֱЦݣЦҪСģҵĽܲ顣
ʣ顣ûϻҲЦ
ĽûֱӴ̹б̣һ˿аûκζءֻŽƴķ򣬲Ա
Ҫֻ˶㣬Ľó뿴ĽС㻹Ǹὣ٩ţ⼤ŭҡ
ǣķ̶ûκôԺĳһ׽ǰѺɫĽ࣬һй󣬻ûһС
Ѹһתŷľһ˲ɢɫĹâÿһжȱɽ󿪴أЩмܲסЦûˡ
ڶϣֱ£ҵֱ̣ӽ⼤ײ
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ҹȥÿ䣬츳䳬⹫ǰ;٣滤̫ңմˣ
ҿ˿ʺ˵ĵͷұ㸩ּ꣡ʵұǱ̫ӳģҲֻǼ˷ţЩ°ˡ
Ҳ֪ôҪɱ̫ӳǴ̿ʥأǾʥһ̫һɽͻֺӰ
Ҳѹֻʵ۰̫ӳİȫҪЩ̿й͢ˣйˣˣҲС
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һ˵ң̫ͣ
һװĳţ̫ӳȴȻסң̫Сĵ㣡
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һû˵ֻһϥǣûУ͵񣡹ǰ̫ϣ飬̽
ߵǰָҵϣĴϸüë۾ӣͷһ߸һ̾Ǹӣ˵㹦˵ã˵ͬ˵˵
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ÿһʱһ飬ٶһ顣¹ȥҵƺණģ֮ңԸоԼʹżȻһ
ǣָоûиκˣ칷û˵
ĺܿ죬ƺ̡ܶѵõҲƺֻƬ̣
ʮһ磬Ҫ𣬿۾ʱִվһ쳣ϵİˡ
ĿԱ΢Цдųѷɷǣлһİƿ
칷ſ˯š칷ƽߵģÿ۾ʱѾվſڣҪȻ̫ӳͻ֡ȻǱ˶ֽš
ȻŽ
˺Ȼ£ߵģ
ȥģҲȥһ˿֣̿칷˯ܽҴߣ
Ҫȥ
ʲôطȻҪģΪһʣ칷˵ġ롰𡱣
ξһܰĵطԷʡԼĹӮԭ¡
ȥˣ
ĪҪִˣ΢۵ƫ̻谮ֻף
Ҳ˵ʲôһ꣬Ѹٳ齣ָˡȴһ˲ҵĹҲ㶯֣Ҳɱʱ
벻㾹ҲҪɱѾƿе̫Ͳ±ǿдߣŭ





 ʮ 

벻㾹ҲҪɱѾƿе̫Ͳ±ǿдߣŭ
ǾͿıˣ䣬һ̹ȥ׹һѾվ˴⡣
Ծ⣬ĺմˮҪϴǰһĻŻˣˮ趪ڵϣ󺰴У̿ͣ̿ͣ̿ʹɱˣ
ҵľѸΧһȦ̫ӳҲһµıҲ˽
ΪЩܱ㣿˲мĻܡ
ûзˣһѳ֪ΪΣ仰к֮
棬ŭˣ벻ڤ粻飬һ仰ΣձǲŹ㣡еһ˦һİ׹ϮҷѸ̽С
ԵģǣҲȥֽεĵطǴΡֵģǺõطƴҲȥ
һʱ˼ٸغϣ֧ҵҲĺס̫ӳ֣
Ҳ¡
ߣ㲻пͷԣƳһ޴ҵײǽϣؿһϢʹѪӿһƬʺȾ˰ɫ˯ۡ
ҪҪˣ̫ӳкţ̧Žĺߵһߣ˽ǰ԰˵̫ҪɱҪγ
Ҫ㣡һ̧䣬̫ӳˤһߡҪִˣеİƿƿڶ׼ңһ۵İ׹⡣
ҵؿȴһ޴ĺ⣬Ƹǿ򣬽İ׹˻ȥ
Ӱ˺ԶߣľۻȢĸۻ㣬Ȼ֪һۣһתƮգһΣ㲻ˣ
ңҿǰƬѪ죬Ҫ֣µģұдſ־壬ʧȥĿ־塣ҽ촫ҽ
ˣֻǵˣȴҡҵĽֻʣʽһᣬȫΡ칷ƣȴҲûС
һУ˵ֻͨһУȴеľǷ˵ǣûǣûʥ»壬ûƿʥˮǽⲻ˵ġ
û̫ƣĴ̿ͣҲȺӵɱ㹻ˡÿգܹĵĽõܲ͸硣
һȥ̫ж¾Щȥȴּ临ӵ䣬󣬶ƺκη棬ˣ£
ǣҶһһ︺Ϊ͡ʱ̫ȴȻҡ
Ѫţǰûкã̫۾ûгңô˵
ҵĲǷˣҵˣǺòˣ̾һ̾ΪԼϧ
̫ͰһЦҵ֪һҩ˵ҩͿ벻κԼˣ˵ȻҡҡͷǸĵˣκˣҲֻ屣̫ӳĹߣκãŵĺã˵أ
ҵ̫˵ûֻ̫ͨ˵ҩҲ޼¡ٴƿ
ǺǣѾҩɾˣһϧԼˣںʲô̾ţǣÿβ㣡û
ûУҸɴĵ
ûоͺãûУ˵ԼݣУҾͲˡϲ֪֮ˣϲˣȻģǴϣܺǹߣҲҪһ̾Ĺߣ
һֻңҸæסһ߳Сã㼴ȥһʵۣҾɼһϢд棡
⡭̫󡭡۾֮Ҵס
ֻȥһаڣܰԼôȥɣҰڰ֣תһԵ̫ȥҼ˵ҽ
ֻȥһʵۡ
ʵѵÿܸˣѡ˺ʵˣЩûˣ˵ˣɻ𣿡
̫Ҳ֪ûصһֻܼ̫˵˵̫ɼΨһϢд棡
ʵϢȻ󾪣⻰ȷʵû̫ʱ仳ɣֱڵȥƬ֮ﱧһгܵĿ죬Ȱȥ̫ã͵
ǣҽӹб˴
յ̫޵û̫͵򿪽УǸȥ
֮󣬽һƯĻɫģɫıɵģӨ͸⡣





 ʮ ʢĸ


֮󣬽һƯĻɫģɫıɵģӨ͸⡣
ٲȥʵˣûˣ̫ȻһȺҽΧţȴܸоҵԥ
ޣ˾µĻô̵أ
¼ݵѼӵѾſڡ
룬ҽֻ׽ûУڻˣڻһθ˿˿һϵĹâҰΧ
жѸһ׳ſ֦⣬ҶïѤĻѪҺӿ֫ƺҲżԽġ
Χ˶һһĵܣΨ̫Ʒ衣
Ϊ˵ãƽһ̾ĹߣһƽˣһؤһǻŵΨһ롣
ȴû뵽ҵļˣˣʥ»ˣϵıʯˡꡢ骡壬׹䣬׻΢ۣۣħ䣬һδδԽһδε٣һδβǹ黹
ԺģҵĿСҵĻʵǸδıβʺ裿̫ӳ骣΢ۣף׻
ҲҪһҪ뿪Ҫ뿪
أҪҪߣǲ֪ȥظȥչȣҵܵظչȸƽ޹ʵȥ˰
ôʵ۵͵ҩ㾹Ȼ͵޸ҩ
ۣ⡭⡭βôۣ۵ţûиģЦˣ
ô˵Ȼסҵļ
ҵ˼ңȴֻ𾪵ſڽ࣬޷ʵ
ʵۣǰԵģϹͷòʲôҩˣǸúӣ˱ǸҩΣɣʥǵ
̫Ͱ̾ϢţȻλҽڴˣ͸ɣǸͦصģǺˣȻǼ£
ǣҽǴл
ţʵһ壬װνͣΪȻôһʮСŮȻʮ߰ӣ
ʮ߰ꣿϰ֣ҪԼŮᣬҲôװɣǰȥʱҲʮˣ
ҡҸ޷ͣҲ͡
һҽ󵨵ҵ֣ȴǱ˴һƵģȻɿҵ󣬡̿֡
֧֧ɺͳ˵ôˣ̫ŭ⡣
ûͷúܵͣƺҪ굽̺ȥ
̫𾪵ʵһѳҵ󣬡ûСô
ǶţҸæſڣ칷ſڵңӣҵĲӣƺǸĵĿ죡
ץסʵתš
ٶ칷Ŀ찡ǣ칷ǲ֪ʵ۾ۣǴȥģôϷɣ
ڶߺХĴţ칷ĶҲ紵ϡǰˣۣŮ𣿺ƯĸŮףǸϮҵİˡҪǹ
칷ûشҵ⣬ֻ˵ĸ֣ҡǡꡪˣ
ˣץȥεģôͣˣҪӣѾָʥ壬ӦвŶ԰
Ҹ֣еĽһʼ˶ô£Ҫˡ
ߺߣ𣿡һķ绮ҵ屻ס
ǺǣĺأӢһӢˣϵ¶һ޶§סĲӣƴ˵ûһСĽҶȥ
ҪȥδһŮ˵֣ôķûɢҲ¹𣿡
ңֻ̫ͻʺԳưأ̲סǰ̧ͷʺ⡭ô͹һôһŭ
ۣԱλһˮɳŮӣױݾ£ͬϵ밧ҲΪһ־µױݣһϮİ£ڷƣ϶бһֻӡ϶ʵʵڵ϶
ң䣬ƺκ˺£ϲʹࡣ
ǰСĿޣһһױߣҲߣΪߣԲŲᱩ¶̫У
һǸһٻʢǧģһЦһ򭶼ų˵ķҷһװģȴŸֵĻ䣬һȴңԵĽ˶ǡǣһλӦǰٻˣ





 ʮ ͥĪ

һǸһٻʢǧģһЦһ򭶼ų˵ķҷһװģȴŸֵĻ䣬һȴңԵĽ˶ǡǣһλӦǰٻˣ
ȴ΢Ц΢Ц
Ŀڣ˿ûбλŮľòס˽·ĸ򣡡
ĸʺĸҲ㱻Լĭҭ
ôĵӣĸĿԲŭգײʿҲ񣡿ӣ㻹ҪΧˣҾ㿴Χĺ
ĸҪ֣ͿѣҪ˾ۻϣ
˾ĳΪȴҪΪӣ칷֪ʱѾߡ
ٻӴǻߺߣ칷ǻû״ɣǱǴ·ĻħħҪҲӦõģ
ħʧЦħҲİΪɾͷҪħأӣɡΪǧǧħǽ
ߣĸһһž޴ٿȻսҺ칷һ
ҵ壬ҶҪۻͻᱻߣҪǵ
Ҷ΢Цģһжˣһ
ȴҲůһЦ򳪸棬ĺ÷ˣ˵ţҴһ¡
ů磬Ϊҵ龰§һЦ֣ҵԺкʲôһˡ΢ۣؿϰԵʹ䡭ʧˣ
Ǻǣĸ˼ƺûнﰡ˼ǡķȵģǱȰٻӵĸĻ󣬶Ȼ϶ˣ
ߣҾȥȣһ仰ͥ
û뵽ô˺ңҲ֪ǵĺ޴Ӻζ
λʶĻʮλ
̫ϾȻһվߣǰ̫׽ǣұһейоӣ߸ϵҲҵĺ骣ߵĸ
ûйΪǲֵҹϯضվߣ칷޾ɵҵϡ
汼һˣ΢ĽŲϤϢҲϤʹҲһͷºֻǸоŬѹԼߵһϣ΢μۣ
񣡡߸ϵۿڡ˶ˣĸνҪʼ𣿡ϣŵİ壬һ䶨ƽ̻Ի͵Ĵлص
ҺȻЦǣСУ
ĸŭĿңˣط
ߺȻ콫־Ҫҵƿ칷Ծץס󣬡лҪ΢ۺ˵˵֮Ǵã
ߣҲˣʲô˵ɣĸڡ
ɿס콫֣ߵ΢ۣãؿûʹֻİĵů˵ʱһֱ
ܺãȱվǰҾͰˡ΢ҪǵҰ㣬յˣϲͷϰ·Ҫ׿ڶ˵ģ
Ҳ㡭ϲͺãʡ
˶վǰȻ䣬Ǵ˿ѾˡҲǻĴܲһ̲ס㣬ķҵңҲҸϣҲܶ԰׻˵һ䣬ҺĽ꣬ȴҲĽꡭҰ̣
޲֪ѾҵĻ𾪡Ǵ㶣еķĴ࣬Ǽʯı㹻ˣȻ಻ȴǸѨ
ʲôʥýʲôɡӣҰõ˵ƨǣҲǳͷңΪûʸ񣡹
ʱֱסңҵΪλҪô
΢ЦҲϲ񡭡񡭡òȻ޳ܡûзˡֻһ忪ʼɢѳɶ˫ţ˫ȡ
ôĵӣⷨ𣡡ĸѾŭ˺ѵļ
ϵĽȴȻߣƿַסңٿȻؿڵķʹϧһǿֽҵ˫˫Ȼָԭ
ޣ׼ҷ𣡡ӲţҷתѾصϡΣ
ûзҾɱЦҵĽȻûգĻи콫ৣǰѱնõðɣҿĶһЦ






 ʮ ԹĿһ

ûзҾɱЦҵĽȻûգĻи콫ৣʣѩҫĿǰѱնõðɣҿĶһЦ
΢סҵ֣ϧҪˣţʲôã
ҲĿҸ𣿡
ûĻشҵȫȻһ֣ѪǱȥһ룬̱ȥ
ֻЦΰõóľЦҪҪʹ࣬ҪЦ֣ҪһҷǻڵģһҪǣҪǵһл𣡡ЩɣһΣΡ
Σ
ôģ֪ӵʱѪѾָ糣
áнľ֪ǴӺδģ죬ôϣ΢΢ʹ˽ķʱһһʧ
һһȺӲӵķݴЦҷȱնӡ
֮Уˣе࣬еĴüĿǶڿ㣬һ͸Ĺ͸꣬ÿһ񶼸㣬ģǴģǴش
ǰǽûţҲûдǰǽƺǻᶯǰߣˣɣȴֹĹ¶
룬֮˼ɵطΪֲ֪ҪµĹ¶ɣ
мҵλӣһ׵鰸Ǳīֽ⡣鰸ǰһԲε棬ҸȥһӰлڷǰ·;
ߺߣ벻طҲеòȻģҰһʣдʲôأҺ֮Уһӿˮ޴˵
ȥȴʥýȴǴ
Ȼһֻڹ꣬ڹдϡˡʵ쳾ЦģĿһҲãδˣȴţֻ뻻ðң
ʱЦȫ̾ڵ̫磬ϣһʹԾƵֻԸĵϡ
䲻ӣҲҪƮҡ
ԽԽСж٣
ȥ޵Ĵһ˺ȻҶ档һƽۣϡ
ʧЦҡҡͷȻǺŭվǰȴֺ޲ұԼЦԼ骣ܲܲҪװǻƣһͦϲģһװ֮
ϥǰұдֵİֻֽڹһԵ֣üޣ֪
ҴֽһţԶͶĸ
֣еҽаõڱǸ·ʱѾһغˣңͬˣ˵Σ˵ֻǺģ˵һ٣Ǹ߸ϵۣ˵ֻǺ骵ǰһˣ
һˡ
˶ģǡһЩϲҵˣ
һﰵһݵĵӡҾ͵߸ΣЩòȻ񳹵ױ΢Ц̧Ļ󣬡骣
ѹɣѾǺ骣޾ۣûֻǱȥ
Ƕ飬ãȻ飬Ҫһɣ˭ۣ˭ôңҵɫȡһܣֵã
վʼϵɴ£Ĩءһһѵĸɸɾң
̧ͷҵ𾪵Ĳεæҵ·ֻʧİסΣ㡭Ҫ
ҪܾңҳƱסһˣɢ骣ǵڷʱ𣿺ǺǡǸʱǡҹϱ䣬ŵΪˣȻоȻԼԼ޷ܣǵҪ¡
ǡֻΪıԡΪҵסţѾʧȥϣǰɡޡ޵Ĵǡ
סĴûоܾʼӦҵ飬һմ̼ϷĸоݣһѵģôĿҿ̹ǡ
һݣ̧½Ѹһ˦ѸƿһѾҵϣѸټۺá
㡭Цãҵͼߣ޿Է뿪Ϊ㡭
Ҳ̧ţ񣬡ߣҰõЩ¶ĿһĵòȻҡҲһú





 ڶʮ ǴҲҪе汳


Ҳ̧ţ񣬡ߣҰõЩ¶ĿһĵòȻҡҲһú
һҫ۵Ľǽϵ񶼻ΪˣǻʧɫĸͬİٻӺ϶𡭡
ۡ㡭ĸָֻʣһĿۣѾ
ҽ鰸ϵıīֽƵϣַȥ¶ȣôĸҪ׽𣿻Ҫù⻻װḶ́Ǻܴ̼ءǺǡ
ۣܡʿѾߺ죬Ҳ򵥰Ȼ죿ʲôα
˼۵ȷ̫˼ԡ棬У
ԣҲֻϣվ鰸ϣļ磬԰Ҳ̫˼ˣǡҪҪһΣҵ棬촽ҧס۵Ķ
ȫסȴûаƿֻ޵ܹˣҪϷݣαҪˡ
˿ȥˣһЦٻİٻӿڣãǴƺ㲢û̫ôҿǴõĲذ
ѽǰЩ֪߳ܵ񣬿ڿ˵Ҫ飬ȴҪԴףأҵּϿͣؼôһɫУж԰ײԣۣ˵ǴĻǲҪһǴǹʿߺߣвУŮŮ
ָ̧кۣ۵ڿû߳İ
ΪҵĴУ洹ͷȥϸ졣û𣿲ǰӷαұӵĿ
һ˦ΪһٿȻİ׹ϮȴһΪѸݵķɨϣֵȹҺ̫׽ǵ̫Ͼ
̫Ͼŵҡҡͷŭ㡭Ͼһ㵱ֿѣ
϶أ¹˼ķ࣬ĸװʲôװ˭ӢۿأǸԪ˧أǸո翴ء
϶ûˣһĹ⣬һɴ߰Ϯο϶û˰ˣ̫׽ΪӣԲױ¶Լ
Ҹæȥ
۵ȻɵӣѸٳִȥ϶ŮǿȻˡ
ҽĵ£Ҳǵģôô֪ϧ񰡣αŮҪ񰮻ЩҰҰһžͺãˣһغˣ
϶ǱԹĿһۣʧӰ
ȴ΢ЦˣЦЩ磬ã޶ģ˵ɣ˭˷ģһͷ
һͷ̫ˣҪϼ汳ҹӿӣɰͰ͵ĶЦЦҲȥýãǷһ
ҿٻӺĸĸͰٻӰɣȻйб
㡭ĸŭ⣬£ɼң
ЦһݣĸΪĸĸΥ޵ʥּ˽·ħԵץ˽ԶӶ䣬ȷǱʳͷҪ꣡
£ĸû뵽Լɷ˶ȴҲ֪磬ʵѾǰλɼҶ
˵öԣûзˣЩɶһΪǵڵģѾǵ̳ȥú÷ʡ̫׽ǣּѡ
۾˫ֻأ˵´
ǣ̫׽ӦȥҲֻĬȻ¡
ٻӣ㲻ڰٻչ˰ٻȴոĸŪǷǡջٻӵķţٻ꣡úԼӦʲôӦʲô˵ţҲŵͷ
ǣٻӲ鲻Ըߵˡ
̫ϾȴȻƣΣ޴󰭣չȣʥýһְ
չȣ㲻罫Ҵ·Ϊ˰ɣҲϲɣֻϲˣ
תȺ骳ٱȴֻᣬǳ硣ҪһǴ˽ȥɣ֮һԻˣ̾Ϣһ˲䣬ҵ·ֻصҵϣϵֻصϡ
Ȼ䣬ʰȻģմȾ̫ãȷǱ̫ܱ࣡ǰã׷䡭׽ܱ˵İţֻǣҪҪѰû޵ּ⣬ȥҲΪˣԶᣡ˵Լ˵ϡͿ





 ڶʮһ ̫ϾҲ

˵Լ˵ϡͿ
̾ȴ̲סʵǴСһ𳤴ΪȢĸ
ס𾪵Ŀҡ֪ģ
Ŷܲ˵չȵС˵ðɣŶǸħ˵ģԣǺħץҵʱ˵ãҸɬЦţȴɫôǷǮƵģ
̫Ͼ㻹ʲôȻŭһ˵ŽƸ̫ϾӰҲʧֻʣһһĵܡ
ȴûߣһ˴ֽΪ۵ıŭ˼ҡ㣬ˣΪҪҺͽҲأģŪӣ
̫ϾӣϾҸ˵ҲûźӲš
ҲƬ̫֮ϾȻѾɢȴӰ죬δӦеá
ң˺صˣ̫Ϊңƭ˻ʵ۵ʥˣû뵽ʥһ
̫Ͼͷ̾û뵽ˡĪҪżϾһĵҩʹ˵꣬óһС«浹һźɫСҩ衣
ⶫĹãڶĵϣҵǿŴ顣һŵȷ˲أҪηã
ɰͰ͵ЦЦȥͿԷЧ
ЦҲ⻳ҩá
ϾһŰɡЦĺܲã˵Ķ˽ģ˲ܾ̾ҾͰø
ϾȴӲ«޲ҳҩǻɵģ
˵ӣﵽ̫ƽĴ۾ߣ㣬ҲҪصչȵģҲòô硭Ѿеĵҩ
ڴٰ
ǺǣҾϲŮοŮڳĻ϶Ӣ̣ҲҪһЦԣҾǿһӢۺˣǺˬĵãɣǿŵҩ
ãиʵģҲÿЧ˭СӸղŲң
ȴû뵽̫ϾȴȻȥͯһֻ赲Ӣ۾ĶЦúܱܿǸɷ羰һ٣
ϾôˣӰŶóһµСƿһŰɫĵҩǰһġ
ףⲻҵ֣
һȷģΪ̫ϾҪøղһŸأҩ˶ˣ̫ϾҲٵİղǴӦһûж룬Ҵ
㣬㡭ԼԵˣƺ޷ʵ
ҪҵθڳסؿڣȻʹϢʹ̡̫Ͼ㡭㡭㵽׸ҳʲôҩ˭Ѫɣ˹С˻ߣ
죬ȥס̫Ͼ۷Ŭգ۾
æѵˣҼ̴ȥΣӣʧ㣡
̫ϾѾʯɵţȴѵ˧磡㳬ӵҲ̫Ͼ̾ϢȥסҲûܾŶҴسԡ
ӡڣ̫Ͼ̾һתȥ
ü΢΢ƿһЩȴҡͷʧЦõĻˣƺЩԡң
ųҿôףһ°ɣС
ΪȽϺõĻҲףǣʥýһְδᣡɫصѡ
ֻʣһô඼ѾһˣҲһʧܣΰʥýҶԼʮ㣬Ҿְ𣬸սһС
ѲкܴѪɲ̫ɣʥһõҵڶû˸վɣ
˵Ҳأǹʺˤð
ǹʺǰҶˣûʲôµģЦ޼գҲסҿٵصľģȻòſٵأٵСƵ飬̹ˣһиҪյ
ص׻֮󣬺Ͱ׻һ֮ڽĵ£ȥ˦ŪʥͼǿֵгϣЩ䡭̲סҪһ̽
ǣڻУҪҵһǲſԣԴʱҾʥͼ͸ˣҲֻһĲٻĽ





 ڶʮ 氮޺

ǣڻУҪҵһǲſԣԴʱҾʥͼ͸ˣҲֻһĲٻĽ
ѵõƽİ׻仹ſڴϣҲǸȵİ׻
ԣҲѵõ֣أʼƻδ׻ĲǶһ֮ҪԶ߸߷һȸأǻͥʮ֮һ
ԣҲѵõ֣أʼƻδ׻ĲǶһ֮ҪԶ߸߷һȸأǻͥʮ֮һ
һ֣صģֻ׻ϷʣѲӰӺʱǣǸڼǸɼ˼ҳĵԪǴϱߵģ
ǣҲ˹ϣһսĽѽҪŲԥ֣֣ͥ㹻
Ҳٿ̾ҵŮʧȥЧãֻһ塪ã֪Ұ㣿ˣʲô氮ڰ
֪Ǻǰһϧ
֪ͺãֱۣԺ󣬡ѣЩɣ
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վҸ
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Ҳ֣㲻һұһİĳ׶ǿǿԻһУߡҲеġģҲ⡭ѺҮݸ磡Ǻǡʤˡҳ׵ʤˣ
䣬Ű׻ϢᣬҵԺһһߵķʹ͸ÿһ缡ûвڲ
䣬ԽԽԶһ꼾֤ݣ֮󣬵ֻʣĺۼ֮ʲôĽ̵꣬ĵ紵ɹ˭ܹļǵǳꣿ
飬һͶ밮ˣǲƽϸٵġǣֻȡõ̫࣬Ҳ᲻
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˴˽һ̣ĳƽ⾭һУֵãĽ֣˯ݣʱ龰
ιôϢҲô΢˰ɣǷ񻹻ţȪƢԴϷʡ
ұ۾ӵ֮˻СȴȻﲻԣİģӲͷƤһ䣬ˣҪҰ
Ǻǣ²̫ãҵצ˵㣬ҡǵģһʱ̲סԽϷʡ

===========================
ӦȺλǵҪ󣬸ǵõ׻һҲһתۣһǻʲôһҹ֮õʲô仯أҪ̫𾪡λǼ֧֡߾ǳ





߾ һ ǹ

Ǻǣ²̫ãҵצ˵㣬ҡǵģһʱ̲סԽϷʡ

һЦһ߻룬ȴһһŵĻߣ̰Ŀգź
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˼ؤʳȼ׵軹ףҪ׵β赱̫󣬶ʶңץӣԣʳﲻᱳˣʳﲻ飬ʳҲʳ
ҵĳ࣬ʺɷڽǧУʬӻҪʬҰ
ҵθңʳϴ󣬾ʬҰҲҪԵıȥˣǿҶӿ϶۲ѣ
Ҳ֪ӤվڳһߵģҲû뵽ةฮһ죬ǰҪ̫̫顣һˬԼˡ
̫̫˶ӼǺ޳ҵʲôأֲܶ£̫̫޵ЦЩĪĵ־壡
ԣֻץĸżųҵĽڻ԰ｫһʮֵ̳˾İľ׮Ϊʵ۵ةฮû˸ֹǲ
ҵϲֵģ׳
תľȻף׻ͬòȴԶԶûҫ۵ƣһ붼Ȳϣ˵׻Σֻ˵ľͷ
ҵĸ̫ǿңΪҵĳֶԾϲûоϲһӦҲãǣһжҵ
ԲҲ֪Ƿûйʥˮ޷˲ιһҵĮΪĮ
˵ĸǺ֪Ҳ֪μǡиǧ꿪ǧ˲ιԣôľͷôľͷ
תȥָЩȥģѾˣ£ƥƯİ
Ҳˣҳ̾һ





߾  Ȼۿ

 Ҳˣҳ̾һ 
 վǰûУ㿴ȥǰ
Ů˶ͷúû˸áԺûֵĸɣûб飬ֻϰ߰ˣǣҶãǿκβ
û׻ѰҲǵģǣ׻ͬòˣǰ׻ĲһҪľͷı;
ãиѾѣҪع
ҷߺ޵ҧгݣʱ䣬ʱعȥܶģֻܶʱ˾Ҳɱ㣬ĥ̫
ǣ̫̫ûйҵĳٵܱȲãЦôƣҲûҶ飬һֱҵ֣˵鷿Ǳ˯ģ
ǣ̫̫ۿϹ۾ǣ
ͷЦЦ̾ϵĴȰȴδ٣ֻǴˣñӻҪӵģ̫Ҳ߶ԭסԺӻţҪȻٻȥסȴĿǡ
Ҳ֪˭ģ˵̫ˣȥҲʶ̧١ᣬ̫̫̫󡢻ʺ󣬶Ȼɱҡ
ǺǡЦˣǰȷǲ֪˭ˣȻڵʱֻȻʵģȻʲˡû˸У漴ת˻⣬Ѿȥţ˵ˣ
ʧЦ̫̫Ψ²Ұã
ãνأɻ
̫̫úãϲңҲϲңˣ֪¾ͻԣ̫һֱץס˳ʹ
̧һֻ֣ϵֻʽָ֣ŵ̫̫ˡһ죡ǰֻȵ۵ģһֻȵ۵ģȵˣҾֻʲô¶ԣ飬ǲ
̫̫ŭˣŭôĵӣ޵Цչ޵ģ
ΪһûеӾͽ˹ţˡйˣ̫̫ңԲѾǸûĵĹߣ
ϣһ˯鷿ϡȥ˻ʺ̸̫̫ʱ̫˳
ÿһĸ׶ΪԼĺӴĻǣ̫ϸĸ˾ƣճͻʺͨһСԳͻʺùϵ̫̫ܶ
ҲǴˣһ̶ûֱӾȥˡ˲˻ҹȥ
ĴҲĵµĹֵҲܡ¡ܿҵĴΡ
֣ε˺̽ſڵңëë浰⡣ҹʱлģΪⴲгϢɣ
˽ȥղĽȴõǲرɱĽɷʱĿУɴ࣡
ǣʹϲǰҹշתʧߵꡣ
û־ϲˣҵƤºͱŮȥˣ˵ĺǰ걳ңҲȥ͵ȣֻǺޡ
ǣʱûк޵ȨҲ޲
һֵֺĸооˣѾΪҵȥҲҵۣûκιϵԺϴҾ˼ᶨܾҴʱ˯ĴҲɾ
뿪ߵĻȣѲߵ
ЩҲģûлػǾһֱšҼߣ˺ܾãһжɵġ
֮Ī
룬Ӧȥؤؤö¡ţѽһȥ
ŵȴУϢŭرԸûڣһ
ܺãҲһܶಽ˺һľͷôСҳֿȭҲҵĶ֣
ǣĶ𣿡ʮԱɢҵųۣŸĻԭȥͨ籨ˣ
㱾ҵ°ܽ߶ˡ
ܺãҲ𣿡֪ʱҶĽȥˣԼĲϡҪ뿪Ͳ޵ʬߣ
ûʬ뿪ʹ˵ֻǹͣףʱסۣ
һֻʺңԣ󣬳ȥҹʱҲóңһóԺúȡҵչš
ǣڶʱһˮѵġû뵽ϲʳҲˣ
ѻʺùѪͷǸʸ޵ҲŹ֪޵ȫϵϣ£͵޳¡Ҫ޵Ǻξģ㻹ɡ





߾  ײŮ

ѻʺùѪͷǸʸ޵ҲŹ֪޵ȫϵϣ£͵޳¡Ҫ޵Ǻξģ㻹ɡ
ʺ°ˣأ˿ûнĿԣһֱ޵̫ֿ޵̫̫ٿ޵Լҹճ
һŮ˵Ŀһʧȥ̫ƽ
ĳӹʵΪ˲һЦС£ζǿڧԶһľĶ࣡ԣʺһޣūЦˣһдҲЦˣ
͢һƬң̫̫һֱź׵ڳ֮˵Ҫȥū
ʼ޻䣬ò޿ޣ书ǿǿΪҴ԰ҿٺʲˣȥūɱʲôˣҲ׾٣
ţϺ꣡ı˫ݾ޲˫ĿӴȰƭˣ
ūֻ뵽סŭ쵽ԡūʵΪǰǸ̫̽ǿ
ϵۣ죬ۣ۰ɣôǣ߻˼˰Ѫɣôܻȥһסŭˣȥԡūأ۵۾Ϲˣ
۵۾ûϹ۾ûϹ۾Ҳѩѩģʵ۵壡
ԣ˽飬ȥ平ʹϣӦҴ䱦ҴҲӦȥūǿѡϡ
˲ǱˣӤ
һصģ˼ţȹ˼̫ţֲŭҼ޸ϵĻʵۣǻʵ۵Ķӣпֻĳǰ˸Ӵŵĳӣ
Ŵʵڿû˵Ҳܡ¡ֻԡ
֪ôźãӦýߣȥؤǣƺ᲻ãҲʹҲġ᲻áǵľԽԽԶȻÿҸԣȴ
Ϸˣʱ빬ˣòҳˮȵģ
빬ĵһҡν˼У
ӣޱ飬ȴѣ߹ţͦò΢ۣһᵱ˹ȥס
ǣǼÿһݱ󣬶вɴĿģʹУһ·ҲΣο̫̫۰ӡ
ʲôĿܲˣֶ̫̫һ֣
۾һֱûдƿܼ򵥣ֱӵɣǣ֪ǲ̫̫˵ã
ڿˣˣĻЩϵ˵꣬ͷһС
ǳȥ߰ɣ΢ЦңԼ
û˵ҲûлӦЦûգ޵ĻְأͭǽڣǿӲľܾ
ã̶ûгɱˡ
̧ͷὣֱһԵң̽Ѱʵϲ
ǣĺϲ
һȥϣȥūԼѡһɣҪָ޻ȫǣ޵ò㣬޽㶪ٵҲṰˣ
ʧЦǾȥϰɣ£ֺԴ˸УӦǸĹңƥаµ˵꣬߳
ںƵѳɸɽȻ䣬ȥɣȥɡûס㣡
տƱɢչڿīбγɾڴĻȣһŮԶԶģ
ǰƯֻɫЩţ߰Զȥ԰ߣڵ㣡˵Ҵȥ
ûȥȻǼ֪ͨҵġҲȥֻƣŻϺصĵƴĻʹҪҵĲǣԶǰ
һжźӲϢǰĸҲû˿ԣӦǸʹϵ幣һ´ϵ״Ȼ߸˵ĳޣ
ֻҪҲ£Ǽ׮£ҲӦܿĵĶɹɣ
ϣڴţ岻áףƽһĻŴ󷽣ż澣ƺƵһЦöҡأӣһڵϣǽһСӣϵĳ
Ŷ棡ţȽ
΢ЦĵҵЦţ겻ǸӣЩ޲Ůأпȥǹ
ǺǣðȻӦ
ƽԺͻЩ





߾ ڰ ǿ·

ƽԺͻЩ
ϣпȥǹɣһƥѾͷǳ׵ˮ飬Ҳ½ƣϱĸɫزǺǡƽϲʱĿңҪҲһȥڹǻƻģ
հɣæأؾͻ˲١
ƽɫ˳漴ֶЦҲãȥǺǡ˵̫̫Ҫ޳ȥһ˫ķҡ
´Ŀ죡ǣҲûзȨǹŴŮӵıټͲܡ¡ֻñ׸ķݣ
ǣ̾ڣʳʲô⣬𣿡
ƽЦЦ»򵥣Ҹ췹ûʸ𣿺Ǻǡעе㲻̫ʣҸ˵Ǽ򵥣˭ͿԼԸˣ
ֽ̧ˤڵϣžһŵƽ˸⵹ļ޳ȥã
Ů𣬾ô£ǹΣļΪ˸Ϲ¡֣Ҳһ뱲ӾͿˣܱƽҸ٣˵˱ʣҲǲпʵ
ǣ뵽ࡣʣʳ㣬Ǽûһˣ
ࣿƽֵĿңиģǸˣһûطʹǱһŮĵܵܣĴˣĻŮӷӷ򡪡ǳĻʺ
ЦЦգգۣʳԱƽҸڣʱҸǰһ÷²ԣڿģֻһ
㶵תͷƽҲ𾪵˵ڰʾʲô𣿡ȿڡ
ûУʲôܹܣܰʾʲôֻڶԻʳ㽲һʵ
ҲʧңɷǣŮԽվҵ֣Ҫǵū˴ϡһ仰ܾ°ô뵽ģ
һʫУҿ˿Ǳ׻Уʫ˵ڷǰ꣬ǽһγԵǰһһؾ·ԡ
ˣɲǵʧ񣬽һתҴȥˡпյҵĹȥӰʧ
󣬳Ĵȥƽƽϣ绶ѵõչ¶ЦգȺŮУһй֮Եӷڣӷǳһչ
ӷǱѡģҲõĺøУǻʺ˷ŮУҲͱˣȴû뵽ƽϲŮ˽ӽ˹
֧գӷˣһװѩµĹˮþƺĳԡ
ƽһӷ򣬻ˣϢ
ǣϸó
һˣһȷţˣԼӷ˳ģ˵޹ǣϧ
ﵽʹеĽѾϣܡ¡ˣİţ
ҪҿΧĻݣ峹ݣΪ׻˵ò¡ֻǲҾȱ˵ȴû뵽ҲЩ
ӷ򽫳ߣֻšĬȻ뿪Լᡰ¡뿪ȴû뵽ûߵſھͱס
ŹǷ̼УȻһū͵װ磬ȴĿ࣬һȻġüĿ֮䵹Ǹӷмѵ˾ࣿ
ⲻƽİŰɣұҸԣȴû뵽סңԽ꣬
ǾͿܲʤҵĵˣӵʽ͡һͨĵУͭģŻơ
ʼûг齣ÿһҶѸٵĶ㲻ҵĶ֣Ҫɱ㣬һѾˣ
ڹĽµңͿҲҳ齣ˣбһҲźۼԾһգ
ûͬèĵʤңȥӮ˼ɣȻ׶򲻹𣡡䣬Ҵֵ̽һĵܵԼĲϡ̲ƾҪƾıڻս࣡
ȴȥǾ빫Ϊͽɣ
æĺܣҪȥ֣ûսͽܣοҲܡ¡ֱǽԾȥ





߾ ھ ƶ

æĺܣҪȥ֣ûսͽܣοҲܡ¡ֱǽԾȥ
յĳķ·ϵ˺٣šѧˣʱϴ˲ǮЩСԣ߳Ա߹䣬˲١
ϻкܶյˣվȺһͣȻҲ׶ƭ˵İϷʱˣҲܿ֡
û뵽ͷ̽ҲһֻҪǮʱѾȳס󣬡ǣһɱĽҿˣ˼ΰʥýֶֻϵˣ
üǿ־Ŀң㡭㡭
̧𽣱ļ򣬡ôˣ͵ҪˣûţûϷǿ㣬ɣҵĺȫƻɱ˵˼ˣ
˵Ҿ۾ǿƬʲôˣղŴͦõġʯԴǸ
ǿ׳ţˣ˸æһʯԴңʯѣԴãԣã񫣡ֽкãǮǮ
̫࣬Χ۵ҵˣˡ
СԳԵĲ񫣬θǣһ¥еʱĺ͹¥ɵǣԱ߾һҼԺ¥ֽС赺ϾƼҡԺСԺúһС赺ϡ
Ƽ壬ԺǱȴͥУ̵ĹبֵӣְɣĹƯأŴûˣ
վ赺ϾƼҵſڣžϵ֬㣬λ̻Ů޵ˣҡҡλΣƮƮƺʱ̶ʱ򣬻ôǡõ˵Ļ
ʧЦֵǣڴվãƼСӭӣԭյûСҺ߽ȥ̨˸ˣһī̻Ļˡ겻ˣֻƣͰ
ޡȾƵأһټľƼңֻһˣڶ¥ߣװǺˡ
ƹЦЦȾƵ˶ڸڣݹ᾵֣һֱôŹ̨棬һûһ£ڴʲôӵĽģ۾ͷڻϣûһۡ
һλ£ţ治赺ϣƮ㣡ǺǡҪȾƣһ̳õɣ
ƹȴߵľֻһһԺ̳ģһһƷɣþƵˮɢûҪ˼
û⻹ҪģãҪʮǮѾȥЩóԵģõķҪҪĳһ٣
ãԵȡͷȥþơǱѲذļ𡪡ƶˣ͹Ⱥţȥ򷹲ˡ
ҵͷڰɫľƱоǵɫҺ壬ľдŵ㡣
Ʊϸ۲ͨ͸Һ塣һǰһˣǸղ¥ŵˣоƲһžƱƱоƣû
žƱδֻ̧ȴѾƱڵϡôˣʶ£ĺڵ˫ң̰ϴתͣҵ۾ϣζ̽Ѱ
ͬɭ䣬ͬӢߴͬһ£Ƥȴĺڣͬһͭɫʽ֣ϴž¶ϸСΣһĶԽŽɫĹߡͬҿʲôЦ⡭ðһһ˵Ĵ磬˹˹ġ
ʶ£ظһߣѣιľˣ
ҾŵĻ񣬡˼ҰѾƱ£˿ϵľղɾŶ㣬ˣİ˼Ӧʰɣ
էоʧѣһȺʧѣסǰˣ
ûбҪֻ֪ƣľǳǳģ˵˰ļ𣡿ϧ˶գֻһˣЦЦ۾ȴһ䣬أǰľƱһ£ͷһƷ֪ǧ٣ѵﲻ뾡Ʒ
ǺǣҪȳԲƣŶӺȾƣ岻ãĽͣͷǶƱϸϸţƵȷã㴼ˣ
ţһָоƷһָо˵õĮջȴ䵭ĳ
Ŷ𡭡һɵĿžƱľƣЦЦϡ
˿ҵľƱôȣ
ƼȻ˺ãðȻƷԽĶԽҪƷҪŷٺȣѾҵıż





߾ ʮ ڤӰĻ


ƼȻ˺ãðȻƷԽĶԽҪƷҪŷٺȣѾҵıż
ͷ˵ֻ
ˣһɽ亣ζϰǮʣһǮպã
ǺǣǮҲǹƷͬһǮŵ·ѰɣϰûоܾأǮص̨
Ծưеʣ˸߲ҵĳԼڲˣȳʽԺ󣬲žƱƷƣڸдƢһ»ζƳ仹е
þƣζáҵĸп̫֣ƷƲоչʥýжֲ
һ߳Ժȣһġʲô֣ҡ
ǽҲкˣȥѾԼľô˼·ȴԽԽأ
Ʒ֣Ʒơҽкӹɡ
Ǻǡ滬Ȼ˽֣ЦֵһƣƺħһԽԽ񫣬ڳһѵķˣҲܡ
ǺȻǺӹɣظסҽкӹɣ
ԡǣһƥµǣܳظˡǺǣллơʮ֮ѾƵʱ֣ݺ֣յ赺ϾƼÿһ֧ԽԵȻտƱײŻҿյķӷ۸Ե΢۸߸ϣ׻Ҫɡ
һʽӣסֱӻӣθﾹҲûзĸоƺѾûֲƶ˵ĸоʱԼεأ˲֪ٴεһһεˡ
㱼䣬ƮƮı˱һƬģӰԺ
޵ı˰ʢţѤ糺Ѫӿڤˮ·ǧ»Ըʣǻ衭
ӰϴҶɡ
ٵĲǱˣһۣ䣬ûȴҴδţһۣȴƽմĺɫóۣڡڡŽɫãϵЦ
ǰһŮ裬ľƮȻҷصȹںҶϺڡڡͬľͼɢһӨɫΣŶţʱƮʱ졣
ʱʱỺҲģѷĻİԹʹ밧ˣڿţǰأڶתȥӭµá
ˣڤӵˮ峺Թ֮Ҳɢ
ãң
𣿡ˮסŮӵ֣ߣȥĲĶͷް
Ůɬףļ磬ץסϸϸĿţ΢Цǣ۰۲ۣʮָۣԶκȥһһһһϵӰɡ
һξһ䣿˾׶á
ʱѾˣŻľɬȴͷʹһӦȫɾ࣬һջķ䡣
˴˫ȴ̱òߵԣҡҡλҪˮȣȴĲӡ
յľ̫ãƶˡ֣յľƣջվƶϣôõξǸӦþǱ˰еġĻ衱ɡ
ҸġĻ衱ֲǧ겻Ҹǹúܿ졭֮󵽵׷ʲô
òһֻһεֽŲŻָ
ţյƥǡšһ̽漸嵭Сˣ׷Ҳֹš
ľܺãȻվšƲ죬΢ЦһɣܶĻˣǡ
Ǻǡһʹп޵ˡʼ磬ԣξ߳ٿǰЩУΣƺܽȴңԶǣūˣǴϵˣ
ҲйǣǹɣӹɣΪĵľҵķңūʹ϶Ǵ󺺵УƼˮ꣬˲Ҫɣ溮˪ȴȥ̽ҵɫ
ҷ¿ӣŨҵľû˿θڡʵҾҪˣףѡ˴ϣ
ԣͨҴϵ״˵ˣҵͷȴײüڻΡԸޣ
ЦЦν޸ԵҲ̸Ҹ޸Եĸ죬֮Ҳû̫𣡡





߾ ʮһ ƬƬ˼Ⱦ


ЦЦν޸ԵҲ̸Ҹ޸Եĸ죬֮Ҳû̫𣡡
Ұ׻ĲǵģҪĲǼ޲ޣҲҵĵǣοĲǻع֮ҾͿһءӡĻ䣬һеյף
ȻˣǴϺūûʲô𣡡˵
Ҳԣҳ̾һվתӴ˽ҪллʹһҪعˣ
΢΢Ʋ죬ҴţΪʲô˵ڣ
Ǻڵĺãһ͹ˣģһ͹ɻˣαٶ
ȴ̵ҡҡͷǸˣֻǺһǲģʱ赺ϾƼҡ
Եٺƶˣڣת뿪
˿ջűһȺʿΧһأμǧ꣡
û뵽ǣͷ˵ȴ࣡ٲ֣ҵԴǲˣƽҰסȴû뵽һһƽȦסϣܹæΧ
˼Ǹܶµˣһû湻عȥɣ˵湻ȻȥоԲᵢޣתˣ󵶳ʣɨУСо
ΪƽҲòˣ˵úΪԼ׽ӷɣһȣץסߣϣ
ŸҮݸҵĺëۣ̫ˣܻȥ
ৣֵʿ鵶ʣҲǱʲСĿأ﷿ݣټ檣ҲһˣĽֵϣ˶һߣһƬŵİţ񾭡
࣬ҵĽγɾûлˣȷҪôûӣŻŻҵӡ
ҵңһߣһ֣һȺʿΧ
̰𣬲סǵļͷŽֵһͷȥҳУƫʲô׷༱ˣ
˼ֵ֣꣬һͷȴӿһЩʿʿķȴҲһһĶң
㵽һδҪȴĳһˣһۣԶĸ߹ţʲô
ͽ̫ˡӦֵƽ𣡡ǽϡ
΢΢һЦ䣬߹̧ḧҵͷͽҳ𣬲̫̫㣡󣬷Ҽͷ̧𣬾ҪеҾѨλ
Ѹ̫̫ҪңӦ֪ס֣Ĳ֣΢۵ģҵľᣬϰԵʹ
һ㣬Ҫң˵þչȵĺӱ߶˵ãһ
Ҳ㣡ԣͬĻԣҪһ֣
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һ˺ԤŶ룬ɫۣƣ̵İѸٹţŴ





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ﲻ̫ҵĻõС㣬ôʲô˼





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еľǿִҶݣ׻㿴ҵʱûϤĸоû֡ǰʶǺѵĸо
УˣЦˣ¶׵ݣˬˬ棬㱼ǰ׻˫⻪˸ӣ漣غϣ
ҡͷŬԼԼ侲ѣѣһҪѣôܣ
Ĵӵ֣ôˣ
ʱָо㼸ˣ
ͷЦҵ𾪣һֱ㣬Ѿ˽߰꣡˰׻
һ֣ǣôһʶأ⡭߰꣬ôֻһӣЩ˼飬һֱԻ⣬һӽ⿪ˣ
ֻνӵһ֣ӡˣӵеļ䣡̾һɣһֱˣһ˵һ䣬߹󺺣ȥϣߵһһط㣡
ҽӵȴûжپϲǸصʧ䣬˵׻Ҫ뿪ˣ
ţչȣԲԣֻСҵ֡
ʧЦӣһϧ˵Сɣԣչȡ
ʲôǾúܺЦ𣿡Щ׻һޡߣ֮ſڽˣʱҪ̫𾪣
׻˵ʲô㳤Ǻͷӡй𡭡






߾ ʮ Կ

׻˵ʲô㳤Ǻͷӡй𡭡
ңȴתƻ⣬ǲֻһģɢ
˵׺Ͱ£ãҲԼתͷҵİ£ײһ˲һУ֮ԺһΪ֮֮԰Ѱ¸ңΪ˱ҡ
һжżȻ¸ղųĹ͡ԭˣֻȴֻͨţ֪ڤڤڷһУ
ǣʱҿɢһǵ˺ѣǰºֻһСԪʥ壬Ĵ󲿷Ԫȴõıڰ׻ߣ£ǲ
˺ѣҽüͷʹ˹ȥסµĲӣֲûĵĸоֵϤУһһֱߣΪʲôң
˻ģͷŰʹ
ңվϵĲмת˸̧ǰ㣬˷ܵȦܵ׻ǰСһЦ
׻ҵɲһ£
£뷨ȴ־úˣӦ˵ġ
ң̫ʱῴһһң󣬡ҲԶᡣ
ҶӣҪģͷգ
˵úȷظСѾץסҵļ磬СҵĴ۵ϢĴէţ۲ݵĸоһСǸо֣ǰ׻ͲһˣĪ˴˽
ʱһ㵵ı𣬡ڸʲôɣ
ҡҡҾǸǺӳǽĴղҲһȺ۷䡱谡Һܴ󷽵û˵ʲôңʲôɣң׻ֻǸСӣ޺Сӣҽš
ǣ׻ĿȴһСӣȣʲôָ㻹֪ڸʲôҲ㣬ڡӡǣս
һһ㣿ҵϣ㡭㡭һѽҳȥӶָ̧ҲŴҳʹšͷ㿪֡
׻ûо¹ɱ˵ŭãԭĹţһҿԷ㣬һӮˣҵģ
ԤʾʲôӮˣҵģӮˣҵģ
еĴ𰸺֮ҲţˣȻȻ򵥣ΪĶ
Ϊʥýʱ߰ǰ£ʱ׻ʮ֮һǼ񣬱ȴŭ׻Ϊ񣬱ºͿ񣬶ֵ߱ͬܡȴû뵽һ˾֣棬ŭۡ
˵ɾûἰκ£ʱһȴѾˣ
ΪȰ׻ܷĻǡΪֹ׻Ļֹڰ׻ľ
ɣֻ˼򵥣
׻ǰҵģǣӦÿףҺҸȫģֵġǱԭʲô
ʱΪ˱Ů˶ҡΪһŽ⿪ȴһڷŭţ΢۲ûлңֻǱⳡˣһġ
ǣ΢Ĳ֪ãİͶŨҡ
ҷЦЦš
õôˣסҵļ磬ǿȴ̲סЦЦɴޣޡ
ܹ̫࣬Щ޷ܵģҪͷţ׻ڡվߣвϧͶ
ûĻұڻͿ޸ɣԽǧ꣬޷ζȹġǣҲ޷ζɹģ
ֱҹֹ
û뵽Һ͹ɰ񡣹ɼͬһȴߴﹾ˵һūѹˣ΢΢ƿŹɽ񣬶Ҳ˽ȥ
ķףܾǲòģ׻վſڣ͸ķ϶ңúϢ
üķ׻ǿ׼һδ޵ģ
ţҸɾ̺ϣշת⡣
̸ɢ̲סϣ뿪Ǹ
˺ܾãȴûжʧ֮û뵽µԴȻͷϵǸΣڵϻʲô
£˵ʲôŵϹĹ켣űд֣ҲԴվĽǶȣʶڳǣ





߾ ʮһ նֱѪ

£˵ʲôŵϹĹ켣űд֣ҲԴվĽǶȣʶڳǣ
Ĺ̫࣬ǰ»д£Ҿþ޷һƥЦޣ᲻мд֡ʲôҲ֪ģ
д֮󣬽λңǰ˶أѾԶе׼
һ񣬷ϻЩԵģݲݴ˰ǣŰ£߳С䡣ȥǿǵķٱۡ
ڶߺХµٶȾ裬¸ҵһУ԰ɣ£ıۣ･ɸɾĻޣ㲻ôˣ
֣𡭡²֪ƣ룬˾ģҪľΪ¡ʱûȰͣ¡
ĽѾҪҪǵ΢ûзȻһеĳͷͷȴ֤Ƕ޹ġ
һµг̣죬ǽµУһɼ˵ľ޴ӪмһԴʶϹŴ󺺵ģڷƮ裬ƷǷ
ΪȵƣͣʱѾ̱һˤ󺺵ʿΧҶżյʣŬǰһƬڰ
֪˼죬ѹʱȴһ̫Ϥȴӡࣿ΢Цңǿѣȴæתӡ
ô겻ЩֺϢŨصѹȸС㡭ҪڣȴΪ˯Ũصѣ
ŬѾָֻѲȥľ⡣סҵļ磬԰꣬ȥұ¡
£ʶģҪ
ȷҪǼǱ£ɵĿңȴûκδ͸ֱҡΪҴܣΪ׷ң
Ͼ̽Ʈ꣬ǣҪǼʶ
ã
СϰٱҲڵϣڰϣɾ࣬ЩµϢܣĴ¼ϹһɫۣǳӪʣ
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̾һģܸоҲһ־ɣҲģ˸ã𣿡ؿڷһϰԾʹĴ
մЬӡһеӰ˽˹סңҪ𣿡Ŷе
ƿ԰˵ݽϸ¿һ飬¼µˮ˺ȥгʹĹǵĳƺ硪
ŪĲ֪룬ʧЦҡҡͷʲôƽҲҸѽǼģвʶ˵ţҪҷ
ִֵƿ磬ãͬĸá
ҵĻ׵˺ԶԶһֱ˵ڣŷ΢ĳ𣬡˵ʲô绰
ӹҵҵĸҵģŮ¸ҵԣΰʥýҵ磬ͷڹ꣬ȥ񣬲ңʹ࣬ȴ̤ʵ
ãҼᶨ̵ظӲ֮еһնϣ
Ȼ𣬰ӰȻֲ̫̫֡һʼôϲ㣬Ϊ谮Ķӣͬʰɣǳ䣬һ˿ʹ죬ܺãǸڶȻЩʧɣؤ˽
ûпڣֻǿż޷ʵ
Ӣ棬ʱ԰ѩ·ðźȫڲǿңȴѾ֮⡣ܣܣ̫̫˵ȵһüӣͳòŶԣ
ٿȻסǰ󣬡޲׼ô˵ǸѾǻĹ⣬㻹Ʊʲôǰ̫޷ʵɣߡȥūΪ̫̫ޣԵްߣҲҪֹһ𣡡
ʱ˲̣ƽһĻƽľԺҺȻ˵ʱװҪԼ
ֹ̫̫ߣ˵ãǲʺϣ˵ģǣѱȵµġҪΪ¾˼򵥣˶۷׷ףüĿ֮ȵм񣬻ҪСĵĺãҲûߣ
ԭ̫̫֪ҵĸΪȵ۵Ůֹ볹һ𡭡
˭֪ȵ۵󣬽Ϊϸ΢ѪԵôЦŴ
ܺðһ硭ǺǡҵЦЩ翣·ӸңԶĵطҵİأ





߾ ʮ ɢ

ܺðһ硭ǺǡҵЦЩ翣·ӸңԶĵطҵİأ
ֵĿңɿץס֣ϧû°ɣ
Ҫ£Ŭ΢Цȴоȿ޸ѡ
²ˣȦҵļ磬ûµģûˣڸһƥõĺѪ
û񣬺ֱײȦȦǱߣһʿסҵײײ壬ƥѾ۵Ĳܽʳ
ԶԶأеԣӵվţеĳŲϣƥϤİȴڵϣԴҲֱ㶵ŵƤ·ѾʧȥϢ
ܹȥȴ۾ԭỬëѾʧȥҵĶݡ¡۾һ۰ɣ
ĽëϢ΢Ũأѵ۾ȻӨ͸һĨЦ⡣̧֣ҪÿеָǸоҵͼԴһ£۾ҡ
ʱ䵽ˣ𣿡۾͵ĿңľΪҾ򡭡һɵǸɵȰҪЩ飬ԭ֪ʱ޷еЩʹ
ĨȥˮȴӿһʼҾӦģӦöκ˲У̲סǶ㣬ۣٻɶΪ֮飬ο׵׵ˣ
һҺΣΪô࣬ȴʲôûΪ£ĺܲصأ
һҲҪ⣬Ӧá
˵ְ׻̫嶯ΪʲôҪ϶֪Բԣḧһֲֻȥˮ
ĿȴϣйҵĶﰡժϵϸϸȻЩĸоȴûκ쳣š
ߺ߱ӣ忪ʼҵҪŬվתһ࣬塣ȥϵĳӿʼ̤ء
Ҫ뿪ǲҸĵطȥıãףһ¡
ߵȦԿƥʿëˢϵжˣëãַͨ׵Ĺ󣬡£ĺ˦˦βͣأת̧ߣһһȦ
Ҹȴ֮˶ĺڰ޳ųԼݣһо̵İǰ
Զֱߣһ̫ˮ峺ףɼϸСˮݼ߮ˮ̧ͷʱ嶸ȻأߴصˤڵϣҵĺȻһƬռš
ĸ߹ˣްİȻһĳ۳ңǲ˼Цޣмд֡һĻĻιǰǼĽҺúýĵס
ӷɳǰһ׹է֣ǿգʵЦΣһ°ף㱼ǰ£ռûˣȴǺȻ
ɵϣҪˣ֮󣬱㲻ʹˣ
ҵէȻӿһʰ¡ᴥ͸ĻǱ͸лл㣡
лл̫ˡҪΡžʹ㲻Զֻһƥ˵ȥôˣֻиһʱ֣ЦޡһоõıǸˣҲᰮ㣡
һ˵ţŨŨĸпǻãҪһ˵ꡣ
׻Ϊֻ˵̫㣬޷԰ΣѡҲǾ޴ļ尾ľɡΪѣ֪֮ѡһ㲻֪ѡ˭ף㰮һЩ㣬ظȻȴͥã˶ܵҸģ
ֻ֪Ҳܽ뿪ľ
ңǸ㲻ϲģֱȽϺã΢΢һЦɽС
Ө͸°Ĺâþҫһֻ޴İɫգ֣ҵʥºͷۻתâʱѾͨ͸İɫ
ұӪ˾ͷżʿǸˮߣ˰µʬ塣ҵһСڹķĹԣλʿ쿴ҵľٶ
񣬿ΪҪһأһʿ̲סڡ
ȻСܵ꣬ţİ²µҼ򵥵˵꣬ߵˮϴϵǻӪɣллǣ
ʿǹ˻ˣӪ𣿱¸ղŻҡ





߾ ʮ һֻֿ

ʿǹ˻ˣӪ𣿱¸ղŻҡ
ɣѾǼȥūˣⱲӶܻشˡתԶĳȥȻһȴѾûôǣң
ºԶһȵȣҵĽ¶ʱǦҲ
תһףǺͰ׻͸ղŵİ£һģһףһƥӢˬˣԻһƥɫ
ҲûмңҲ㲻Ƕ𣬵ǣ뿪ȴûиңסңȻܽȴƣ
ҡΪӵֹƣ۵ļϣοӵҲΪβԼ
ûпܣһֱţḧұϵĳȻǵİο⶯ȴһģһǰο˵ĺӡ۾Ʈξ
ʱб׵ļϣžžȼŻѣϿһֻӣѾ߰˳죬ɢ㡣
۾΢΢һЦû뵽һ£Ҳ˯ţǲǺܾûа˯ū۸ɣعͻ֮ҲźڵʱľüߣͲᷢˣ
ԭΪΣŻ׷ҡ
ɶҺܺá
Ҫ˵ʵȴңΪλ
ǻ۲죬ʼ磬һҪ߼ҵ׸磡
㶣ͷң˵ʶ׸磿
ţļ磬ȻȥЩȴİõ̤ʵ
뽫ӯɴӲףеĵԵ
˵ʱ׵ɰ׻ϾǸϵСк׻ȻļУû˼ʵļ
ûжҺͼĹϵκοǳֻҵļ磬ҿøһЩҾúأΪκһʱñŤҲԻġĻֹס
ΪǱǺѰѣǺǡҿ⣬Ҳû˰С̬նθףٿͺˣ
ѡ⾳ڴʱ̶ߺԶһĸоֻЩȻĶȴǡôİȻ
ף˵˵ӰɣƯС𣿡ҽζĳ⡣
ϵЦȻڣȴûЦĸо뿪ˣױд顣
ΪΣӦúϲŶ԰ʱҽʱᣬӦòῴƾΰ̽ҵһ˿Բ򵥡
˵Ķԣҵȷϲǲһˣ»ܿ䵭ˣ֮󣬷ǲʣҲһ
ҵͷסĴ֣ͼЩοסԲ𡭡
ǹȥˣ˶Ϊһֱ㣬Ҳûǿƣ˵Ҫлл㣡ҡҡͷҵȷ㡭
ǣǱ룬ģҶף֣٩תƻ⣬Ҫ˽ҪֻȥūѾūĵؽ˰ɣ
ҪȥģҪūʹģʵ嵭ƺЩ϶õġ
˵⻹Ǹ⣡ūʹ׻ǣȻҪȥģǹɡȴȻҵôãûгǸСġ׻ǳҵҲԡ
֪شȴ޷ܡ
ȻᣬȴЩϷʵĳ㲻ǶԺȻֺȻ뿪İϷóôʱȴֲ֪ˣǸūˣǵˣ

ˣȥȻ䣬Ӧû֪˰ɣ֣˲񣬡ÿһ˶ҲһҪҪ̫̣Ӧĵģ
ʧЦļ磬ף֡ղŻ˵ڽȥūô˵ǣܰң
֮ǰɶҸпǧһ̣԰Ψһˣǣµһϯȴ̰Ű׻֮£ǰ׻һЩġ
Ӧذ׻ѡɣΪҺã
ȥĵڰɣóϲģû֮ӷܾˣǸνĸ硭֮õĹޣ½ۡ
ţˣԾĻ磬ֳ
ױӪˡ
һȼĻԣշ
ĵİƣϵƯƵױĥƽƾ棬ãȻ򣬾Ҵʱġ





߾ ʮ ǹƺδ

ĵİƣϵƯƵױĥƽƾ棬ãȻ򣬾Ҵʱġ
޽ɽ޳ΰʥýȴ޳
ͷϰ·ϸϸ˿ġԸڵԸΪ֦Ȼʱųʹȴʹ
죬Ȼ֪˽֣ȴΪλҪأظ٣úܿ
ǣ׸µȻûаôôէֳȴɽƵĸоʧЦԴȴãȻӣʲô֣
ͷԲݣҡ
ıٺٵЦǰɣȻǼ̰ģǽ׳պˣӦúҰɣô˧ôǰ߰
סߣִֵתͷһֱųǣðɣҪиʽûôķϣҽһ˼ķ
ǿӲקԴðͷ죬ͷ˼磡ӴԺݵؾĹˣԲݵʱһҪ±ӣųȥ
׳գûиҺò׸Լ˼붷㡭ι׳աֻʩչṦԽһɽȴһˣһɫۣ߸ϣ׳ձͣ¡ԭǰ׳յˡ
׳Ҳûô׳հôԶܸо˵ĵ
ǰأǺǣ׸ߣ𣬻ͬ˽
ͬ˽⼸ҲֻйɻȨƸߣӦøмŶ԰ɣ˵Ҫͬӣڲԭˡиµ꣬û
һֱң䣬ûһƥҪûмҪûҪ𣿡
ӷĻȨҪ𣿡һҲģ
޷ȽϣӹҵĻ.
ʧЦˣҵɷȥתһһǰߣٻͷ޷ȽϡѾǳ׸ѣҺú޵ᡭ
Ҳû׷ǣĿȴҪҴ͸ȻһĲ䣬ȴԶйϸµ顭ҿˣۣҿˡ
ڷǰꡭ߸ʫĹѾʧҲҲҵҴ󺰣Ǽ͵ľָϵһ⣬ѪڵΣȴ᲻١
Ұ㣡ֻһ
֪۵ĳǷĵģִӳĿг͸Ҽֻص꣬ıףĺҲΪͣȴ̫࡭
ҲǣûٻӦӣ˷ĳԡӲǣͬʱֻ̤ˣȴǣҲֻһиֵðˣ
Ϊ֣˶ᣬȥٴΣĵףȴҲױȵɱϸðˣŻҸϲðˣȥҲʬ޴棡
ԣһ̣ѧѡͽֱעһʲô˳ޱѩңΪβɸɾ£ǲΰ̽õǲңҪҪͬ顭ʹ໹ǿ֣Ц
һʤⳡ̣Ұߣٽ翣ɢڷС
Զȥ
ʤֻǺעʤˣûκιϵҺ޺޵ţűĲԭܣʥƮ裬ڷɵĳ򡭡
˺ܾã˫ȿʼһɽƾԼȥճʴš죬ҿ찾ͷˣЦ֮ȴ쳣տ·ʲôڡǣһн֮ҵ껹Ưʱǰͷ
۾紵ݶĻ˷纣Σһһţ˾áҪȻɣǺǺǡұ۾΢Ц
ͷһŨصıϢ۾ۡôıǿף
æȴƥȡС׳ա㻹ǹ׳յģôõ˲ҪҪҳԿ̧ۣӶأԶһģżĳЩҲˣҰɣ
վ׳գҸ㳪òãǸʱϸ裬ܾûгˡɤӣУòһ˲ԭһҪú㷢һϰƮܡãǲµģǺѪҲᣡ
ߵҹҲûһɹϢĲ䣬ˣˣǵǽ٣ҪһҷһֱߣҲƤǽޡ





߾ ʮ ʲ

ߵҹҲûһɹϢĲ䣬ˣˣǵǽ٣ҪһҷһֱߣҲƤǽޡ
׳գҺܶأô죿׳ղңأԵͷԲݡ
˸߲ҵĳſճǼƣȴ뵽ûùһҪŵŶǺǡ񡢱촲齣Եĺȵģ֮ʳէȻ֮䣬ƽض𡭡
ɫ¹¸Ŀ⣬һӦȫԵĺȵ㹻ࡣǺǣиԡͰðƯõ廨ꡭ
죬ôΪԼܵأϲϲ
ɫתѽɫתѽɲҡƮѩʫ˵ᡭС¥ҹ֪١Ÿ裬ѹԡףһԵĵģһƬһԡ
ԡл˯ʱȻ΢ĿͼеĴϢҾѣ㡭
ۣȴһͷɢˣüǻ԰˸ţƵ̣İŨصϮ
׻׻ɫģõҲ
ףײôǱĴū˵װ
ʾ֭벻˭ȴõ廨ֵҶʱѣæʥϣĳԡͰ˭ҽ䱸ĿڣҪ֣ǽٷҲ֪ҽţ
ʧЦĿңǸǣңǲʰա׻
ŬˡʲôЦ׻ֻǸСкϲϢ̲סš
Ǹǽ⿪ϵķӡһҹ֮ܳϹǵʹӣǰ׻׻νӵǲ֣ߵǰ㲻ϸһۣͰҵǿԵĳ
ҡҡ¶Ű˵㣬ȳȥҴ·
ʧЦ㶼Ͱ׻Ϲҿңûеڶ˵İæӦòᴫ·ɣ
ҷ۾죬ãʲô֪ϴ󣬲ôҲҴ·һģ
ҵĴߴ£߳ӪʡҲݲݵĴ·ȻббĻԣ㲻Ҳܵʮ֡߳񣬡㲻Ļȥϴ裡ҽٺúóԵ㶫
ãûԥ
ҿ˿ܣȴֻа׳һƥѵͽģ죬ʲôģŵֻȶѰôô͵ңأǵľأ
ϴ裬ҲŽֻһΣ·̫̫̲סȥϰ߿͵ɫŮ˵һٴͣ޲ܳԸĨ
ҵ·̫ˣ͵ģЦĺܿģʳڵţôʳҪ𣿡
ľʹߵǰԱߣְ̧մŵĸĭӲ׻ģ
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ǻ˵Ұο
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ǣѾԼоǵķ֮Եڴˣ
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߾ ʮ ·ת

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ţĵĺеͷǳһӵĽ顣
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߾ ʮ 

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ɿõҪˣҲԣ
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߾ ʮ ѪȾʤ

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ӪûκǰܵӣһԲĹĵѩĻѩˣϵɢŨҵķҷҹվףûӣȴůʡ
ԾҾŨ㣬Ѭ㣬ҡ˵ŮǸЦģʿҲĵļУǣ֣⼸ԲûŨĻЦС
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һƽĻϣʵͷ˳ķ裬ñϵʯ⣬µñϸ֫Ľ˿ӳĵļѩͭū˲ūˣ˲ˣȴ־ޡںϵԼһ̵Ļ
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תɣƺҲװ磬еŭ˲ʧŨŨİ벻ᣬӵסҵĴϸǡ
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һæջߣĿ֣šͷǻȺ飬ֻǿ͸ѡ
ǺãҲ㿴ҵһ棡ҵ֣Ⱥȥ
ҪʲôҲԣһĨţū˶ҵĵ̹ãȺᱻá衣
˻ڹꡢʫͽһ֮⣬ɣһûǱˣҪܾȺ֣ǰߴﹾ˵һū
Ⱥɢһ˫˫Ŀ⾪޵ĿңһֻƾɵֹģĴĿƵĿңϣԸ֣Σ
ҵƵѾʼֹģ²ŽģΧҴתȺĽż򵥵ĸʣȻȴ
ҰĽĿʼ趯ˣֱˮˮ壬ӯȴɨʧе鱻ܵ˲ûбá֣Źĵ㣬
ˣΧƮ裬͵Ц㱼䣬ڤӰߵĻǰɢĻԹˣڤ峺
ǧĻ衭ÿһμ棬ἱеңĻ𣿡ʱѾףĻҸı־
ѱȥڸʱ־磬̶̼˷²롣
ٴײȴֲòεĲۣΪ¶ĥΪ˽һǴĻǴ⣬ΪڷŻ
ҵ貽ɢ䡭˵ĳһݵõ˱¶黹С⣬˭ǵã
ˣ˷׷׹ݣɬĺģǧ꣡
Ҵ㶵Ŀǣһ򵥵֮ıǵ̬
ɴ໷סҵֱڹϯλ֮ŵõһֱ𣿡Ե
æΣȻıŷƽ˲ָ֣Բ
еӰ񣬰׻ڼ³壬ҪֹЩ¡Ѿӡ˭æѸٱ׻





߾ ʮ Ϊ


еӰ񣬰׻ڼ³壬ҪֹЩ¡Ѿӡ˭æѸٱ׻
һХľδα㿪ڣϵܣ㼱Ҵҵʲô£õѾͷַˣ
ǣǸȥظõ͡׻Ļδ˵꣬ĳѾ˲䲻Ӱ
ϣü߽ǰӦü׻϶İοԼ
ͷ͵ĿҡϵŮӣǺˣūͬĸ£óһףαװ˼£׷˰ɣ
ɣαװֻҲܡ
ѸסҵĴδ˵Ļﱻ̫࣬ұͲռƵľУнеĵ̰õԸΪҷ𣿡
ԲҲܡ
ǹо˫Ѿ׵ʹǹڳͷҵġܡ
ǿӲƿɣǴˣɵģÿһռ¶ˣһѰҼˣһѰҲǡңǵԵδϣһģ
Ǻãһ£ҪҲȥ
⻰һҵͷϣһ˲ĿհףȴѸٱӣµǸСƬ̵
ҡҪ˵ܡɼҪ׼ǹæת˻⣬ôץ׵ģ
ܼ򵥣˸Ѿ߹ȥģ˵ҪͳˡǺǡЦţҫԼ׵ĳɹǶϲ㣡
򵥣׾ͱץˣ󱿵
ҳֻ̾صղŵĻ⣬Ҫӱܣӣ㲻ڣȥ
ҿһ£ӱܵΨһʽɣ죬Ҹô죿
ãȻ⧲ᱧңһ߽Уһ߿ǱȽϺã
б޴Ŀ־ɣ֡һɱ㣡
ãҲ㲻ӣɱңһ뿪˵赭дѾ׼ˡ
ģҵʲôˣһĽͷ۵ġ£Ǹӵʱ䣿ᡭ
ɣкðɣĲôڲǸԽԽʮ˲񿴵Ρ
ٽȥΣҲôˣ˺ӣ۾Ͳٻˣʥýְ֮֮ҺȥδǸδ֪˺ǰĸŮĸһҲҪεĸס
ȫеľùͣס˽Ų㶵Ŀǰ档
˳߿ȥ֪ʱȻվſڣһ£ںڰ˸
һģһˣš
ݰ׾ɵɫ΢ĺڣǵͬһˣ
ҳһҵİɣллأллֱˣȥĤһҵľ
ã˭ɿڣ
ķˣҹоǽٵ񣬴ɷδص־䶳ڿС
ң˵ȴֿ϶Ǵ㵵Ĳš
Ҳ㣬ҵķĳֲΪģֻΪǴо壬ʹ࣡ɫһƣһҵסңһѾվߣı䣬ֱۡҲţġ
㡭û뵽Ūĺ£ֺԼͬ꣬˱ǿôࡣ
ЦˣһͬǣĺӣǺҲᰲȻǴ֮ǺӻܵǴҲ˻ҷѾͷӦʿɶֹúðϧڵӣ
ԭֹҵģɵŭûˣԴǼЩмһϧ
ţһлҪ˵
ûеȹɻػҷߣӪԶءֺ͸ĻԼԼǺǣлл㣡Ȼ̤ʵ˺ܶࡣ
ҲЦǵԼӦˣ
ĿϵĻ裡
ûпȵľϲοĻ¶һĨЦ˫üȴ壬ɫĶ۽ǻ£ʹõ˿ڿʼϣõѪҺӿϸָ
ὫӵСıǧ˼һع顣
ΪҪȵеķӡ⿪֮𣡡





߾ ʮ ̾ǰ

ΪҪȵеķӡ⿪֮𣡡ʣⲻǸɷֻһĥѣ˺۵ˡ
Ǻǣ۲û˵ôݣڷӡЩֽŰɣǰ΢չȰҼ޸㣬Ǵϵ裬Ļ裬ԼΪ
ߺߣԶ͸ʱܺã±㾪ȵĻ£Ѿϵȴ֪б̡
֪Һ΢𣿡
ֻ֪ЩǶ˵Լȥ֡ɵѪԵϵǺֵģԪһ֮ѪԵܽܵˣǻǿһģҼܵʹ赭дĽֻǣһȽϽӽЩˡ
ǳ֪
ȴû˵¡õ֮Ļֻ꣬ʥּϾдãҪΪĻһ𣬾ûо֮ҲǻֹǴ̫ӣǳ˵ǰ׻Ϊ򱧲ƽ˵һԴ׵ı
Դ׵ı˭˭Դף
֪Ҳ̫ܽࡣڵϣԱĻΪ˶ݣǲԼΪޣ
ʱһֱ֪ʲô˼ܽ𣿡ֻǻͶ֮ǶȻбɣ
֪ģЦøĪ⡣
ɵĶ糤ħһԵĽȫƸ㲻ܽҲһָοҵʹ࣬ҲվҵĽǶȿǡȺʧҵ֮⣬׻ǷԼģʹҲ潻ϧ
ħħķӡԼħǱ˵Ҳпܣͺħһģһˡ㻹ǵô𣿡
ɣǣʱǣǱԵ߻أһӲűŭǸеĺħ
˺֮кԨԴ΢۵Ĺϵһ΢۵ĹϵҪ˵úᣬԶڻ䣬ħ
ԭˣֲúħ˵ĿףüĿ֮ȷǸ绪İβ񣡡
ϲʼ䡣
ϲô˧Ҳܳټ꣡ЦţħһȰ׷֣
׷Сҷ𣡡вȴļۡ
һֻסҵĺ󾱣˫ײԵ˱ײŨŨ˼дŸŨҵĻ𻨣׷籩ƣȴԵıԵȻֹ
˵ϣȴڷգ᲻ܾӦ̹һЩ
ʲôұɷͷ
ͷˣΪ׻
ʧЦǸұõ֪֮ǰЩʷɱҵģ
ʷҲ˵ԴıĻ𣿡ȴûں˺ܶ࣬Ϊ̹ףЩ֮ǰķʷѾǧǰţһë磬ϾڵԺӣﶼң
˵ĺۣһСĴЩʱɲԱһ㣬һ£
ϲģֲùɻáһȻļ
εǼһûκιϵ
Ŀ濴۾ˣЦġղ˵лҪҽҪ˵ʲô
׻ȥͥ㲻΢һҲȥӣͻظŰɣ
˵꣬ȴҵ֣ǵգ֪޵ǰ׻Ҳ˵ǰ׻ֱ̫ͥӵĵط޷㣡
ޣ˼ûֱӴӦɵѪԵϵôֵĻѡĿռ仹Ǻܴģ
ȴˣʲôֱӴӦˣҶ
үĵУûʲôôôȴҲòѡеĻӦһͷײ
㻹Ҫܻʮ
ʻӵָͣһ񣡡š
ѾɹˣǲźΡ
ǲңǰõȨԼδҸһĿǾˣڲмκһһԣҪȥˣһӣܸӣǺǡ





߾ ʮ ü

ǲңǰõȨԼδҸһĿǾˣڲмκһһԣҪȥˣһӣܸӣǺǡ
ŽΣδźħһ΢һĸ߹ţвȨ׻һһĳ𡭡
ȴֽҧгݣ׵ҵĿˮ࣬ҪˣҲҪͬ⣬ۻͬ⣬Ҳͬ⣬ȥˣظǱؾ֮أһɵظĻ꣡
ҪôСϴһϵ¾˫Ӣ
ְķһһѵģ˭ãͶѸ˭ûһʵ⣡ǿŮҵıʡ
Ǻǣ˭˵ģҲǺܰģҾסĶ䣬ʹҡĺܰ㣡
Ҳ֣ۻҵļ磬̾ϢţΪβӦ⣿
Ҳ֪ȥ˵ظʲôûģϰæµİյĵطֲܿ˵Լĵģ˶ãʲôʲôõǴܿͬ˧Ů
ҪΪ˾ͺɣʱæģЦӦˣңҲûҪ㣡һ˿óѡ
ҹͻӪʣҪ˳ɣҵ㣡˵Ϯ㲻Ӱ
һ磬̻ش󶼵ͥŵףŰ׳գź͹ǰУǰҵĻ;ӡ
ڲԭϾһ˿ۼֻӥлƳգӭŹɵĹ
һֱĬĿǰü˼š˵Ĳͬȴÿһص㶼˼֣߷֣߷֣ɷҲ߷֡
Ѿ죬ڣӪ֮æŰ⣬ǣҪӦһ·ϵšææ
֮£ȴеĽģΪһһϣӦðǣȴҲĲ̤ʵǵġ¡
ΨһıǰĴţȥšʱһ׵ʳż졣
׾ķ²ЩĪȴöིʲôһԶش⣬ĸۡ
翴ͷһЩȴ飬ŬĳЩٷãˣҲǿ֣ƽӺܿš
صϹټףЩ޷Сɫܺãǣֽ͵ϹЦοϸһֱͷ۾ʱʱҵĶӡ
һҪ뿪һڣȥæɣ
ţͷѸ뿪
ĿԵܣȴ΢롣²͸Ȼı仯ӪǳһζЩ벻ջ󡣻ҲǺõģֱʱ̫ʹ
ǣһ̲סģҾ뿪ĺܹ¶
ȥұ£ܲܵϹá
΢΢Ĵ㶣ƺΪԼˣõС㣬ղ˵硭ᵽ˱£
ǣ˵лļžĺˣյ㡣
ǣܿȥˡ
׵Ĵܺãܾʱɳǰõ˿ϵС
Ҳڵӣһֱڸӣҷصģ䴩ľװÿһвͬɫ
һĸĲȴֲ۰Сһ챧۰ֻһһ߼İĸߣ£ܷ죬ֳٳٹ顣龰˵ƥ䣬һԤʾ
ף̸ɣࡣ黭ò֣ŮһϲͨƺŮˣԳĿǻƺҲں
ã״ӦЩɣҸ˺ܶӣ㲻壬һ֮ҲꡣִȰĸҵͷᡣ
㣬㲻ߣһǿ̵ոԼ尡
ţһߵݵϣ尸һϰ򵥵ţûϸµĻԵıֱţʱʱ벻ϡ
Ϊλӽʱ˳ȴ׾أ
ӽҪǶԺɷҪϸ˼ʲôͬĻǾǾġǣһƽģȴǴ֦Ҷ֮ˣɷ˲ŷϸͽȴһһϦɵģ
ƺվ˺ܾãĿⶢϣʳָѪٴʱȥڿ˱ǵĶз׺ͼﻹһڹŮѸȥ





߾ ʮ 

ƺվ˺ܾãĿⶢϣʳָѪٴʱȥڿ˱ǵĶз׺ͼﻹһڹŮѸȥ
ⲻߵӣ֪ûŮ֣ʧЦҶӣѪŷſҵ֣ǼŮ죬Ůҵ˼㲻ߣ
ֻЩҿΪô࣬ⲻȥȴô졣²æҵԼ᲻ᵢʲôҼȥ
Ҳвæʱ򣡡ҵעӡ࣬尸ϴֲڵţһֱңӣ
Ѹƿߣ֪Ҫֱ𣬲Żϸ¶Ŭǣӡ٣ҲƤЦⲻЦ˧ܳ٣
⣬׼ȷֹҵıӣ磬ȥ԰߰ɣ
ððһӦ
ƶ˰ֶơ
ٺ١֮ãЦӭս
һǰһ԰ϦбգŽء󹬳ԣĻŮ;ľۼأٲԴףթϷ룬һһʧЦҡͷ
Ǵ˵ԻʲôҪҽһɽվ˿û;˼ϻЩš
ӣľʹȴǹڡĵǶģÿһ˶ΪһŮġߵϦҵĺ죬ҾҪ뿪ˣϣҸ
һģ˫һֱߣͷһҸģ
ţҪ˵ãҵĴڲֵǣǶֵûκͻݺԣȢңˣ뵽ʲôõĲȷʽһᲹ㣡˶ѣ
ûκκõĲʽ£
ģһ뵽ģ΢ЦᶨĿ
תõüֵΨ²ֹܵҵʧ
ҵԺкȻ˸ǹĽ羳Ρãһ⳥һõһͬһģһõҰ㣬ֱֹ
̫㣬ҲȢŮӣҪʲôңֻҶİõע뿪޻˵ֻҪ㾲ҹһӣһжмֵ
϶ң򲻻˰վɫȥֲҷʬǸûж¶ı飡
ããĳһɬȴֹסŵĺ⣬ǵһס¡ˡӦ
翪ʼŬĸõļ䡣ߣвˣů»£İĥ
עʱ򣬽дʫ˿Уĳշʱᷢ֡еڵͷ£۵Уõ¡
һ볦ǧᡣٱؼĴʣֱ֪Եоһعˣʹ˫᳤ɺɺ˼򣬼ᡣ
ʫʱϣҪ̫αǽ軨׷
ͬʱܵӰ룬ϳҲһͬвٴ󳼷ԣȴֲɵơֻǵƿһ࣬ǲա
ʱ䳤ˣдŮͣҲ漣ĵҲӮЩͻݣţӺݵĳޡ
ɵֵǿʼӿʳ۸ЯҴڣԵûʹ˶ϡ裬Ƶõϡ
ҪģûУлֵܵĺųӵȺ̫裬ûôԶ
ɭڶġֶӡѡһӣΪӣƽ粨
˻ڳϱ֮󣬵õȺĻӦҲδӦλǴԼĶӷӵϹ
־һĻ
Һ͹ϸϸѡֱҡͷ΢Цǵķûиеģڶࡰֶӡʵѡ˳۵ģһ̰֮ĿҡıȽϺһЩɣҰһ˼ƻ
⡭û֪أ
УͰ˴ûоԺ飡Ŀǡ
ǣһȺ˹ȥ
ҹ˾ʱڴĹһֱ޷ߡôˣţ˽Ϊ𣿡
õΪʲôҪиģⳤĺҿΡ
һǵĺӣ㲻һֱΪ˸еź𣿺Ǻǣ㲻һңһĺӻǿԵİɣ
죿Ŀҡ





߾ ʮ ٰ

죿Ŀҡ
ţԤһ£ʲôӣʲôƷԡ΢Цָ߮Ӣֱһɣ
ҪƷҾͺã㣬ӣ͹ˣ˵ü򵥵
⻹ǺãǰӣͿε̣Ͱһ޵񽻸ɰɣҪúƴиǺܲ׵ģ
һУһЦһӵҡҿ콵𣿡
ԣֻҪû̥ͺãǺǣ
ע˱ϲŬֲźɣ
յѡΣҺ͹ҵһȽϽвԭŮеĿʣүмӣ֮ǰѾһһŮѡ֮һ˶ϲѡ
ĶԲĹĵģʮձ㽵
ұȰѻףӽ֮ڻʹɱԽ̵ǿ̽ҲƺΪ常ĸǱĸĸǱºңԺ󣬶ԴҶã
ԭҵ˽ΪĲңҲǵˣվǺӼҵĹ⡭
֮ˣȻӦүҲܸˣãϵҪܺãΪԶأǺǣּܲ
Һͱ¶ǵϡ˵ţΣ𣿡
ҵЩϾƿıãûгɡ
ָĶƤɵҪе̥ĿǺڱ仯ԭ忪ʼ׳Ҳҽӽܼʮ죬ܵȵɣ
ϡϣҵ𣿡
ţãҶһЦܵĸĺܺãҲ΢Ц
תʹɫ΢΢һЦˣҪ̥޻רػǣ
ӪģƽʱңڲᵽĸоҸɡ
ϣ뿪֮󣬹ǿҸ
ȴΪףһһӶİװ֣оͨĵū͸ϹĺԺУÿնȥһΡ
ܹˣܻˣᷳꡣ
֪ǣˣҲұ뿴ǸĺӣΡ
ΪʲôˣΪֱӽɱҲҴ󺺵ҡ
֪̾νͣ£ֻסң
㰮ңȻʧЦڼֻѣ𣿾ǻϲȴ˵زɣ
оѾѰ̵ͷҲţǵάϵһ𣡡Ѹת뿪һһͷ
еĳ֣ףԭ¹ɵ˽ԭҵ˽Ҳ뺦ˣҼǺӡ̫У̫뿴Ľ
صϹ棬Ͱ׻ԭҵ԰ɣҴӲ˽ֻһΣһζѡ
ʮ죬꣬ȴѸ͡
ǾһϴҽŵԲŵУеСװ׾۵ļ͸峺ĺҹӨǹ⣬üëӶ˿ˡȴһҵģ
ϲ
δõ׵׼ŵıоЩ֣ȴҲǿϲѣ״Ρȴ˵©죬Բźү˼䣬Ϲȥ
õĺ㣡ҲϲѣСʱģüٶһ̥ǣ͸ˣ
ǺǣɣȻ治ҳϣȴϲѡ
Һ͹ɶӤЦҵ컹ǶȵģҸм
õȡְɣмĿңǲĸһͲ˵һˡ
£ⴢֻǸȡģ׽顣
˭һ⺢ӱСõȡȽϺãɿңϲ뼤޷ȥ
ǣҲūҲ֪ȡҪʲôȡɣ΢ЦӤСץסʳָεĲţҺȻ뿪һ۲ѡ
ĪոɣĪոѾ׼Ƶģѿڶ
Һ϶Ǹ֣ȴסĪոʲô˼һ̲סʳڡ
֪߳ʶԨӱңӯӯζŰ⣬ʢˮıӣСľͻõϣһ̳һУΪǵ
İ˳ҵҲãͽĪոϲᱧӣϧС˱ž̡ܰ





߾ ʮ ڼ˺

İ˳ҵҲãͽĪոϲᱧӣϧС˱ž̡ܰ
¸ĸģҿԵһ𳤴󣬷ᱻҳ軵ɳ谮һĽݵ
һԿңҲ̲סᣬǸˣο޵еҳϣվӵĽǶȿǡϣλѾȺʱ
ҵ
ãҰѺӽ׵ϣ͹һΡǽ
һۣҺ֮ˣû¹Ǵ׶ҿ̧ͷǲԾİڳһǧ֮ӡ
ǰȥ濴ǣҪ£СֻӤҺͱǵĴȰ֮ģһԷūҰǵ֣İϣʲôĪո
ɿҵĶЩ죬õ㶮ҽ
ǺǣԾͨҿĶЦЦ
һﲻҵļҵȻ֪Ҷҽܶ༲ͨˮӣԣһҪȷǵĽ
úðǣÿϴ裬ָףҷҲҪʢһҪÿҽһΡܵķԸȫڴһǸ׳գֻܼķΧ뵽ˣ
ǣӦţʣб𣿡
Ҳ֪ûбģϧûһȫ飬ԴԽһƬհסȥɣ뵽ˣٸ㣡
õһЩ㲻֪Ͱ׼ˣѺӸңתȥڵ˸֮ȴӤ·ЬӡñӣʽģСɾ¡
ҺǺǵɵЦ֪һʾ֭ʲôޣĪոС޾иˣ
֮û뵽׻չ˺ӣΪûκͯļ䣬βңҳ󣬸мһŲ֪ǣʱȴ̵ᡪֻΪĪոĴڣ
õֹȴʹĳ̾һתȥ
ʱţĻ˵ڣü޵ĸоÿһ񾭽ȴֲ֪뵽ٱŬ֧ŻЦҸŸ࣡
ΪѸٽҸһ֪㣬ȥҲġֻǶףǶǻǷȱǷࡣף뿪֮󡭡
˵׵ģЩȥԭ֮Ҿˣ㲻磬ĵȥɣһúչӣܼǿǿұεģǲ˼㡣
ףȻûǣҺ͹ɵ⣡
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ף޷뵽Щġ
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Ѹ´ۻѾƯڰա
߳޵һ˲ĪոҡпˣǸоҵȥƴ˺ŴҲ˺ҵġ
Ѹ´ѾסңڻС
ɣԲ𣡡ȡʯķΣŹߵҡߣΪҵĻĪոѸֹͣ˿
֧δԻɣĪոԲҲǳְĸףԭңɣѸٷϡ
ҪȻͣڰնסɣΪ˺ӣҪĻҷ𣡡̲ס£Լһ¡
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ħȴһƽǹɢҲ˻Ρ
Ϊڴ˵㣬ǵȵĺÿأǵҸǱմһ˿ѪӴԺҵˣϧϧƫƫְֺޡҲۣ
ѾۻУȴûκʹ飬ֻվԭزƶ֡ղŶԿһҲЩѡ
ߣΪǱϵĻһῴ¶ܷĹ󣬳˺ʲôǸĪЦݣκ˶ѧģֻǳԶɱ޹ûеưˣ





߾ ʮ ׻ĬȻ֮

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ĵķϴȴû뵽ħҲ£ػĪոҷġ
ȴΪħ̲סһһǰƣǽŲԵĳءֹĺϮʱۻѸƵߣһ֣ǿ˹ȥ
ۻ׹ߣ»и汳ģܣѾչȣԶǰ׻Ĵš
ллأħơħǼһ겻ɢϣ׷ҵĪոҵĹɣҵװ
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Ѹۡô㣿ˤҲûʱŷǸĴУ
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ٺٵЦţ𣬿ҵľ壬һβɭĻ˻Ρ
мȴ޷ľšҺݺݵĵһҪӣ񲻶㣿͸׻أ
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ûˣеǻҷģЩ˵ֻ棡̾Ϣš
棿ʹ棿ΪʲôĬȻܹ
ҵļ磬õֻϣҸֻһ˲ҸҲȫΪǷ̫࣡ԾһжĴ
סڣ˻Ƶȥȥ

ᣬĸʹʹģǴ̣뽫Լ˴һ֪İжңûԹ뿪Լ
˶ԴԼǴʹ͸ȣֻǡ桱
һмȥпĪոϲӣһжֵãʥýһɵĺǶĽɣ
ԣԶԶزͥҲϧ
ɰ㹻һڣĸҸһֱˣ
һ򵥵Ըֻһͨˡ
ףȴҪȨҪƸֻҪˡϧûֻһѣһж޷ɡԼԲŷ֡

׻ӣҵҲžᣬԼִҪһӣԼԣ
ΪλĴңҪǸҸΪָ̧̰ʹ˫ʵȴȻϣ˫ü壬׻ԭҡ
㣬ȥ˫ʹధ̾Ŀ󣬡ҲҪǸȥ
ҪǸɲҪɵңİҿĴ
ҪӵΪӲҲҪֵƾʲôҪҳеһҷûʲôá
ڵǰ̨ϣſ˫ۣõҪ𣿡
ţ˹ȥǺ壬ǲҲˣֱ𣿺ʶʱ龳һжδ֪򵥵ִš
ĳˣֻΪһж͸
Ӧܣ㿴ССβӰһЦʣḧҵĳ
ղһĵβңȼһŭǼһͳԶߣЦû
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֮ǰػ۵𣿡һ֪ܶܣ
ʧЦƿңõҪͼ˵Щ˵飡
ôģҪÿμҶöΣκ
̫Ľգִˣֻö飬ԼǿɣȴȮݼβĶħ





߾ ʮ а

̫Ľգִˣֻö飬ԼǿɣȴȮݼβĶħ
òȻɶһһ
㻹ħֻ׵޿ɾҩ΢ЦȴЩûûΡ
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ת˿οҪЩֲȥֻǻص˵϶ѣΪ׻һֱػ㣬㲻Ҫ飬ͲҪ򣡡
Ǻǣһ˫ҲĴ򣬿ܻ᲻ظɣ
ҵ֣ϵػ͹ˣֻ̫׸ĪոǶԵģ
ȴܸġžž黬
Եܻټģõ˺ͲҶܼģʱԽҸֿܻɵãǡʱǰģȴܻ̾
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߾ ʮ ׻عͥ

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ָϵĳǲ͸ģȥ۰ɣǸûûεΪ˻ȨɥĲҪ㻹ûЩ䣬ʲôˡ
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СʱҵģĳĪ⣬ɲĺħȻ޴档





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ڰ˾  һĳٳٰ

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ڰ˾ ھ ޾㵽Ϊֹ

ҴǺǣź˵ϰɣֻǣãһûиҵͲӦðأ̧Ŀ
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ڰ˾ ʮ ®ɽĿ

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ڰ˾ ʮһ 绪ħ

Ǹ飬ʵģҶõģɷнµİͦأȴ̰ǺħΰӢ壬м˵
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һҪסϵ˵һ룬ȴȻκֻǴݰ׵СһһϣãϢһҴϢ֮󣬲ַһڣ
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˵ˣѵĿڣõˮͥʥˮܹã
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Ҵ󾪵ĺоĲĻʣʥۣ
Ȼʥּ龰Ծıʼǣһ˸Īˣô˼򵥾ͱƭ!Ҷ̫ģˡ

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ϸϸң̾һ̾ϢҿɱδͬҵľأûиҺ⹫Ļᣬֻ۽ȥáã۳ʱ˸ӣǸӾڴʱݸҵģװˡʥҾҩһ
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˿ңΪʲôң
Ϸ򲢲Ǹ㣬ˣԺػˣҪˣһͳȥҲʾԺҲ˺ˣ˵أǴ⣬ȴ˷ѽ⣡
Ҳ˵ۻˣӦøˣۻˡң
ףһοۻʱ𾪣뱻ۻ˵ʱ𾪣





ڰ˾ ʮ չ¹

ףһοۻʱ𾪣뱻ۻ˵ʱ𾪣
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ĸ֪ۻ֮ŭĽҴΣΪҲˣ
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ڰ˾ ʮ ˵

ߺߡҰȻЦ˸սæǺǣϾеҩƣͽһϾȸˡǺǣƷ飡һɰ׹Ӱ
ðԼڵ¯ʮ죬ʶˡ尾֮ٳѵˣҲֻǡ١˲ˣ
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ұǶѲʯȥڻʮԶ͵ʱҵؿͻȻһϢʹʥͼĸо
ҪԸı䣡ңûдƣȴд㲻һǴһһҪ
ϢʹԶˤʥͼʥͼҵĿ໹ĻϢڴ˰ɡΰ̽õҡΰĹ١Ϊ˽Ǳְڣ





ڰ˾ ʮ ˯ͯ

ʥͼʥͼҵĿ໹ĻϢڴ˰ɡΰ̽õҡΰĹ١Ϊ˽Ǳְڣ
Ŵȴûκλ⣬ԽԽأչȵǡǡ顭ҡһ֮
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Լǵ˼ͷְ˼Ҳ㣬ֺαƤôҶ죬ۣǿһʥּ־һѪң
ȻˣûĴޡô
һ˵飬㰮ͻӦİ㣡ԣ㻹ҪŬ㣡
죬ҾһСŮƽ׵ĻӣȴûκεĸУһֽȣ
Ǻǡ˭ҵĺýأòȻ֮УҲһֽȰɣ
ҪôңżŨҵ֪Ŀҡ
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мЦ۾๾ģѾʼĴơûкҵĳ⣬ֻһ𣿡
ҪȻҲԣһûмأüţӦֳǾĺħ˰ɣ˧磬Ҳ
ޣأҪҪǸһ˶ǺǡƣһƢܹŹأմȾЩĺã
ҵͷչȵȷ̫ˣã˭ǵûʱҶЩʲôɽ亣ζҲһЩ֮Ҫʳ
˸߲ҵĴӦһ·Цŷͥ
ұһֱǿһһһšݺݵţ룬ȵ죬һ֮أߺߡ
ţȴֲ֪˯ţ˯̫࣬ϰߣ˯Ҳ᷸󣬲ʲôˡ
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ʱ䵽ˣһǣգڰ׷УǳγĵЦһȾİ£ﶼһĨ˵ĻĿƲĿ⣡
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Ŷû¡סʹŷֱҶڲԶĹ黹ڣֺȻǺѾûлˣѵ⡰֮Եʣûµġ
ȻĵװοԼȴǵġڴһµļ䣬ʥͼֱ
ţüȴٿȻһϹ⣬ͥķԶԶѸȥǺȻߣȵն
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ҪҵĻǣҲҪİǸۣػչȱ߱ģʱʱΪ÷ػңǣۻǱϵģԴػԣ԰ķ֣Ҳ赲ǰ̣
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ΣգȴѸٷ˾ۻٿȻסҵһӵУˣ㣡ǿţҵ
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ȻԼ־޴һԣȴǿҵ˼ֹңҪԣҲһӡӦҲԣ
ãѸٱѾںˮУƯں棬סˮУôûкЩ
һĿţãŵáöˣһסؿڣӦǻʹ





ڰ˾ ʮ ˿ԩ

һĿţãŵáöˣһסؿڣӦǻʹ
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Ȼһ˫ҲڴңЦЦ飬漴һתǱҷס
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нܣֽĿң΢΢һͷûйûбġ
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бҪҽܣɿ֣ǰվȴ޷װİһգѡɣǵĺĪոٿԽ꣬Ҳǣ

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סɬüסһλҵĸ磬΢ۣһɫۣȻѾǱ۵ݣ߹֮䣬ȻЦĿݣůҲΪ֮ʧɫ
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ᣬ࣬Զ߽˸ŮӣȴͬһģһλǺǣСС費ɾ⣬λˣ
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ȷÿ˶һ£纣κ㣬Ȼƣ񶼿ˣοˡ
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ܿҵĲԣ̧Ҳ΢»䣡һʱ꣬ǡôĽ΢ߡ
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ڰ˾ ʮ չü

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΢λӣ˰ҲûʧȻ΢ûҵȴϳ۵΢Ц޹!
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ֻصױ̨ľһ㲲԰׵ݣϵıʯĵĺѪɫͷɢûκιļ
̾һŮΪüݣ˹˭Ǹüߣóۻͷɢҵķ˿ʱ˳ֱķҲࡣ
ֻΪֻСɵ˿ڷ̳һչĵᣬ÷̶ģһݾˣȴֻʮĻ껪ǡҵ׼꣬ԼѾȴˣ
պãûȥоͻ̫Ͼ˳Ŀо͸ߺߡ·ôķḻʰ
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ױҵһЦ΢¼ЦˣҵȷױֻվŮӣɸɾ뻹ģ
ͷѸֽͷϵֻͬʱȡֱƬ̺󣬵ݵǰʱѾŷΣÿ׹һɫʯӨӨɫâҫ۶Ŀ
βǹôģղǸѾǴģΪչȵĹʧݣ˵ţѾбڷ
΢΢üڳ˼ƺʲôָһϹ⣬̯ƽʱֻĶ׹ӨᣡûκְҴϡ





ڰ˾ ڶʮ ˮ

΢΢üڳ˼ƺʲôָһϹ⣬̯ƽʱֻĶ׹ӨᣡûκְҴϡ
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ףʱΪһ΢һ飡Ϊ뱨ʥ۶׵ı壬΢ʥΪԩۣ
Ҵʱ뷨뵱뷨ȫغϣãʥۺͳʺҲμӣҾͻȥ
΢۵Цһȥģ
ҿһ飿޶飡ƬΪҵƲˣ΢޹ߣǣֹͣˣĿʹûεζ
濴΢ǵ׻˵һδǣֻΪһ̶ֻɣ
ǣҲòصޣܽ⿪䡣еĳҲߣ޷ơ
ʥ۲ڴǰմҲɶ˻Ȼһִԩ飬Ƕһɣ
ȥ̫䣡ҪӪһЩ֡
۾ۣȴִŵɫǲ濴һ㵭Цţ̧֣ᴥҵĽë
Һһ롣ҵ۾ҵף
ţҼĻʱóϸ꣡ҲůҲΪģ
ůˣ㲻ůġнʹĮбزٵĳޣ
ůΪů㳢Խܱ˵ĹذҲůҵ֡
ذ˭Ҫ˭ծѸٳأǺǣɣǣֻĹذ
ͷûΪҵΪֳúܺã۰мѣ
ǡǸø磡˭뵽ᱻݺΪħΪºĺħ˵ʹࣿ⡭
㣬׽ԲذɣǺǡ̫׽ǷɹʯԺӶͱ˰֣٣ǹ
ͱ˰ȻҲҪμӡ
ʧЦӶˣ׽Բأΰİõҿǻ˼ӵ֣ȥЦ׽ǿ࡭棡
ѽôࣿܺģסҳĿ󣬡ӣ̫ϲˣ
ࣿã棡
ȻǶһ̧һ˿ƮǾ鷳һǿְɣ
תĻأǺڽסҵ۾ߣҿ!һ϶ץ㡭
ҵ֣дǣǰ岽ߣʮţ岽ߣȱƣ岽Ҫι̣岽ң
ⶼʲôʲôɶôģˣץסСȴЦӲ˸ա





ڰ˾ ڶʮһ ׽Բظ֮

ⶼʲôʲôɶôģˣץסСȴЦӲ˸ա
ٺ٣ߣ˰һָƵĴҵıϡһץѿ
ߣ̫׽ǸտڣѸƹȥȴûץ
ߣ㣬أǺǡ΢ۺһһңȥ
һֻȴһҵ磬Ϣ϶ѸٸȥϢԶѣ
㣬ǰߣ͵ඣǺǡ˵Ҳǰ
תüֻëľͳԶץɣ
װӵĵҲңץ˵ɡұܹȥ˿Ľ£Ѿͷߡ
һ㣬ӦǱ˰
תȴ˸գұϢϮʱ׼ȷסֻ֣ഥһ˲Ȼ̷ſȴ֣ǿջЦץһ
ժ˫ӣеĴ뾪ȣҰѺڽϣû뵽һץɣΪ̫䣬˵ù
бǣֻ˵֡
ֳתǰҵ˻Ρ
Ǻǣ˭뵽׽Բأ
΢۳ҵһЦһһѾͷ󵨵Ĵӱһѣ
̫׽ǻǰк棡ǰ棬ο
˰쳤㣬һ£Щ˰գҿղû
ЦѸƵ棬ȴѸָ
㣬ϵǻඣһԿϷ
ðѾͷ汳
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ɷأҵ٩˦΢
ճһĻæֿ㣬ͻᳰЦң
ٺ٣Ц㣬Ц̫׽ǣۡ߹Ұǰ΢ǰһùֻˣ
ʧЦ΢һۣݺң
Ǻǣ˭ǰ浲أõùɣҲӦδĿʼʥ۵ĶӣҪۣҪѾǰ㿪ʼ
΢ԸֻգҲˮǣˣҲòȥ⿪һУ޷ʥͼϢͷµļ䣬Ҷ޷ܣ
صչȣһʧܵɥ
˻ʴȴ˿˲һҵĲѣƣѾ߸ϴȨ֣ȴȴһ޾Ԩ
վſڣ֪οڰοȴܻĿƾǧ֮⡣ˣ˻ʴˣ΢ĺø磡ߡûѪԵȥ޸
û˼ҵã֮λûôҪչǸĵط˵ֻЩǿչȴװ̫Ե̫ģ
ɽʲôŭĳסңͻأ˻ڵлصš
㶵ĿһҴûмģãƿãҲ㶮Ҫ㣬׸磡
ߣò£ţһ䣬еŴ
ԭϾĴϡա
ҲҲҵҴ󺰣Ǽ͵ľָϵһ⣬ѪڵΣȴ˲١
Ұ㣡ֻһصĺŨصĻ
ǣʱ
㲢İңֻҵİˣҰ̾һ߳İʱȴѾ޷ٻͷһͻأأžžĻ峺ػϵŨҵŭ
дӺĸôôҲǿչȵİ˰ɣ
һ׵ӣѸת˻⣬ѽôһɫأȻϡǺǺǡ٣١
ӱߣңɽȵľͷʵɽѾˣУϲ𣿡
ǺǣϲԵķܡ
֪ɵļѣ̫׽Ҳͥȥͻͥȥɣ
̾һ㣬һܼįģ
ģ̫Ļ䣬㹻һζģ΢Ц





ڰ˾ ڶʮ 

ģ̫Ļ䣬㹻һζģ΢Ц
˼ã˽ս֮ĶҡչȺ̫׽ǱҪ
ǡ㣬񲢲ģÿ춼ʹСǲǻĵסҵ֡
ڷӦûҸġͷգʱƾ飬ܻת˵ȥܻһֽѣõζ޾Ĺ¶һȴ޴ӣʱһˣ
ǣǶŬа˰˰꣬нյһУǣ̫׽֮ȴǿ죬ÿһɶô䣬Ҷ˼ӣһСıˣһĿ֣
һЦõģǶӦüᶨĴȥԺǺǻǶӦŰϣǵȥڻ䡣
⻰ϤȻʱѰҴµ·ϣ˵ǰ˵õģǶӦ
ڵΪʥͼļȫغϡ̫˼飬
жĿңͬĲ˼飬ȴһڼغϣǲΪһ˵㣬õģ
ҵͷţţ߹һ֮ӭҵĲʹ࣬ǽѣԣţãȥͥɣϧ̫׽һÿһ죬úð
һӵҲ᲻㣬ɲһ
ΪҲһְɣҵ̫أ
̾һˣԺһ᳣ģ
ȥ˾ͲҪˣ򡭡Ͼ룬ˡĻȴ˵ȥؿڵϢƺѾȥͥ㣬ͲҪˣ
ͷûзҵˣҪأĻ֮󣬱շȥһֻӨģŻ̬
úõ벻˲ŻɰɣʧЦⲻ֪иǰ̣ͷѪĶĳ˵ɽУð߻ħΣգͥǸԨ
ǸıǸȺħֲ֮ףѾŴ۵ݣбκħָŨص̰Żʸٲɣ
ȷҺףĵ׻е֪úòá
һȷ̫ȣҲҡѾȪ·
Ϥ·ͬ·Եı˰һֱڤӣɫƮ
κţ´֮Ŀⶨͷϵϣ漴æ񣬡ĵһμ棬ƾͷϵķϳҵݣ
΢ۺóΣһ˱£һ۱ϳǡ
һЦŷŹ̹ȴҲپÿֲǿϰ˰ɣǺǣӰɣпޣðչޣҺĴȥ
ǺǵһЦһЩ飬ǰҪһ𣿡
ڴ˾ǲҲȹ濴
ʳǵģÿһ·κŵ˶Ҫȣʹ
ţпҲһЦظȥ
ȴ׷жһӣھͳɣģ
üȴҲ֪ԼΪλϲðӹ뱻ΪˮĶһһںȥһ˿һ˿ɬмɬζ
֮ԼΪϲ
ȥ˷ΪҶԷ̫֮ȻζһԶԶǹĲʸУ
ӣζôſĿңϣҸһЩۡ
ҵͷݸллζܺã´ξٸһ룡
ãֺǺǵĻصκţǵʲôƵģͷҵڵظұߣ
Ǻǣллл֮˳ƽʯ·ԽЩɫһƬ׵Ĺ⣬߲ԶһԺ䣬ǽǶźɫˮӨӨĹâĵظʵġ
ûߵſڣ㿴˰ɵɵЦšĴ߳˸ˣ͸һڵԸУ
ƺʺⰵ׹ߵŮӣڰȻҲأ
ҲʱѾǰ½󣬡ףãȵĿҡ
Ŷ˰㣡εĿֻ½΢΢ͷк
ȴ⣬Ǻǣʵڲ˼ΪǵӳŮأ֪ظ£ԴѾûп





ڰ˾ ڶʮ һһҡһ

ȴ⣬Ǻǣʵڲ˼ΪǵӳŮأ֪ظ£ԴѾûп
ԵظŮԾӵŮӣѾΪ֮ˣղűųνʱȴΪŮһ˼䣬һʮ˲
Ŷ֪䣡˵ú޹ң˰һͶͱ
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ôղŲܻǱû㣿һӰѾվǰ
ֱס֮ǰѾѸٺſλá
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ʲô
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ΪУҵšû˹Ĺҡ˱䣡
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ӣħҩҪһ־֮ΪҩҪһ֮Ѫپǲɼڤ֮ˮԹչȲʯ֮飬ʮſƶɣ̫Ͼ˵š
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ֺ˵ǰҪȥأ񽹼ȴѸһתҲܣһҪҵЩ
΢Цŵʲô֮򵥵ĺܣɽһ֮ѣֻиŮƢֵĺܣһֱ޲ȥǺǣҪõⶫҪһ׮£





ڰ˾ ڶʮ ֮Ѫ

΢Цŵʲô֮򵥵ĺܣɽһ֮ѣֻиŮƢֵĺܣһֱ޲ȥǺǣҪõⶫҪһ׮£
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Ҳȥҡҡλεվɫԣæǰסңôˣ
ҪȡҵѪһ̶ȥҪӣҵĽڴվվȡÿ£ĺÿ£
סңҪȥģ
Ҫȥ΢ۣȫȥɣǱıˣʱѾѱ΢۵޴ܼᱣҵģ
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ҪıҪҵѪıҸô죿еһ̫£
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ҵĺĲʳ˼̻ȴᡭֵܣôµ֣
ҵѪ֮Ѫõңͻͳ˧磬ûַǲӦңηڵҴҵע⣿
ԣڵǲСģΪҪǣȫһڽ̫Ͼ
Խƣ΢ʹǰԶһ߲·ǰʯֱͨšΡĹ߸ԻͣɫΧ԰硣
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̫ӵ£̫Ӳüëˣ˼ģҽƵһԣ΢
Ҳô΢Ҫģ
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ǣˮ
ҳֽ̧ӱӣȴҵֻö
ιȰɣ˵ţѾߣӵݵҵߣΪٿȻĿҵǿҵţ޷ᡣȴһЦҵӣȰˮָܻĿЩ
ڶߵĻȻѾֻֻֿˮ֮󣬸ҪлȴƿӣѸҵĴ
㶵ĲֺֻϮ뿹ܣȴ
̾õҸô죡
ʱȴ˻΢Ҹô죿Ѿע룬ǵעΪλˣֻ뱨ʥۣȴҵɹߣ΢
ǣϮȴǿȣǵÿһǣһ
þãþãþáŷſңļϣҲᣬղţҲתϣ
ĬȻͷ£ȴ΢ǿҵѨλģȴĿʼ·ѩĹȣȴľҷŲ㡭
װδҵĵףŬ㣬ȴҪ½飬΢ĺۣһһµᣬһʲôҲ˵뿪̰ȴʡ





ڰ˾ ڶʮ 

װδҵĵףŬ㣬ȴҪ½飬΢ĺۣһһµᣬһʲôҲ˵뿪̰ȴʡ
ʱͣһ̣ԶǰижãҲסļ磬˳ıȥ
ЦòȻԼȴ֪ΪеһӣԼıɡ
ڴ˶סհɣҵļ͵쵽ˣңӦòҵ˳ҵķ˿ĽҰΧ
΢ÿ궼бȺ£æ
ں԰ɪţΪȥղѣȴ޷ԽԽصΡ
ͣŮЦţ칷ˣ칷ˡף칷²ԻĽʬ
Ż԰սǴһֱڹĵһѰ׹򻨴ԵĿյأǰ׹Ƿ֮󣬰׹ѸгΣŰ󣬡칷ŹҰɡֻСʬ˼ģҷġ
ߺߣǵĴھģûֱȡĻǣѾ⿪Թʰɣ
ҪҪͷĶš
ǣȹǣΪ޵ظңǲȱʥ嶪˺ħǣǾľ
ĴھҲΪˣҲŶ֮İɣ˵һΣһ㣬ҽȴ㣡
㲻͵ߵҵʥ壬ҲẦұħƣҲᱻ䣬΢Ԩ
ţ۾ԼʲôûڽԼ˿ڡ
ȴң˹ǰ׹ǵ֣סҵʥ£ӾȾңȾҡҲֻȥû˹ܣų˽ʬҲ˼ɽ磬Ⱦҡ
СϸĹǼܣӦֻʮŮնԲӦѾˮɣ
ǣҲܾ㣬㺦ٲҲ㣡
칷ȴĿңӣǺǣɣ칷ҵͷ
ض񣡴Զ㡭䣬Ҳûô֮鵽Լ׸ΪױǱɵģ
Ϊҵı䣬ǳסҵʥɿ֣ΪʲôΪʲôû˰ң
Ҿԣ޷ӪϵԲԭ㣡ҳ̾һؿڣԿϢ˫ѾʸŻ԰ľˣ΢޵ȥ
Ҳ
ǵЦĴʹҵĶĤǣЦѸٱǼɢȡ
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̧֣ͷллҵѣ̫ӣһֻѣ˺
񲻿ģ
ҪҹӰɣ
ãҪҪ̫ϾƲ飿ƵҩġĿгС
ҪҺĬȻԼĿ칷һĨ⣬칷㲻æĻ԰Ҵһչȵ뿪һ
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칷Թȥˡ
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ȥأ΢۵ټĻڵʱѾһˮ飬ôˣ
칷Խʬ̫˵ţ֣ڴ£æˣǺ£Ƭ̵İġ
ţȴ󣬴Ӻ滷סң°͸ҵļϣˣ÷ϣؿƣΪʿԹԱңȴû뵽ֿʼصƣһֱؿڵ





ڰ˾ ڶʮ 鵴س

ţȴ󣬴Ӻ滷סң°͸ҵļϣˣ÷ϣؿƣΪʿԹԱңȴû뵽ֿʼصƣһֱؿڵ
һæס΢ȴŵѡ
ţҵľӣϸǣҽŵսòһ˲Ϊҽ
ȴЦǵ٩ں£ᾹȻ㺦£ҵ׽ŪҵĺõӣУ޷԰ΡŸҵϮҪû
⼴ķҽŵ˼㣬΢Ҫÿһȶĵ׵±ߣСľͻٲ
ƫƫŸһ
ȴʱŮĻ£Ӻ͹ʿݵ˵Ҫ
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Լȥ췣ɣ΢׳һ䣬վָ̧˷˿½ҵ֣߰ɣǳȥⲻ֮ͣ
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ĻĵӿһɾΥů΢΢һЦ̤ʵࡣǰҵ۶£ΪʲôҪأ
ס΢֣΢ľΣǵãŵƽģ
Ǻǣǰȥһˣ΢΢һЦҺ΢յ֣һϡ
ǹʿΪأ΢ᣬϵ΢Ц
ȴЩȻ֧֧֪˵ʲôãֻҡģ
صܵĲ˰ɣ΢۵Цʼת䣬м޵ļ͵䣬ɲҪЩʲôأ
ǺǣҲңصʢأ
ߣһ䣬΢ʺ͹Ρ
ҲߣҵѪܳȴݺħ
Ҫ㣡ĵ
ҳ̾һɽ˵Ů㶩𣿡ʱҪƭң
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ڰ˾ ڶʮ ɰѱ

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ڰ˾ ڶʮ Ѿ

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ҲգҲСɣ˵ţȡװѪСƿݸͽ̫ϾһСķţȥȡˣ





ڰ˾ ʮ ˲ͬ

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ǣ̫ϾӹСƿȻһͷԵϣĹҲһԵѸٻһ⣬СƿǴƿȻѡ
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չȵСӱ߾һҹһĻһĻǰǰΪΪ̽ꡢ塢骣ԪΪʥýпĴԽ·ÿһ̹ļ䣬ҳʹֻϲ
һжˣΪһҪУԼҷԼļأ𣿻Һ͹ɵĪոӦҰչģһ˲
һǷԼһ޷ԿһУȥֻ·һ





ڰ˾ ʮ Ϸ׻

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ƿˮҧԼָѪȥƿӨųɫĹâСϿձ۾ԵЯַ龰漴һתͥ
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㡭ֻ˵˵㿪ĵһܣȴֲ֪˭





ڰ˾ ʮ λּ

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˭˵ôʵҾ͵ɴʵǲأЦţ֣һҡ
εĳ̾һֱۣҼ޴Ůˣֱϵ¶һ޶
˰ҿԶ˵һ׻ңҪһſʾˣǷģ
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׻˧ϲһ飡΢΢һЦ׻ұʱɵ㶵ӣ̲ס͵Цٺٺ١
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ʱʹȻʧԺлǵʥۡȵۺҰõʥͼ֮ļ䣬ļѾӡˣܲչȵһĹһƬλõϡ
δ꣬ഫһˣһæһһƽ۵
ɹˣ˸߸ϵʴۣ
ޣȻ˿ĺ⣿





ڰ˾ ʮ һ

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ڰ˾ ʮ 

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ĬȻػһ˿Եһ˿ȴ֮ٿȻԶ룬ٿȻ
ʱֻǸնøУе飬Ÿոտʼʷʫ̻̲飬һֻƣ۵񣬼ѵĻӶų򡭡
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ÿһҹԼˣûлֻӡ
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ħôԽԽˣǺǡɲҪݣֻһ֮֮ĽʱΪߣҲ޷Ӷ񣡺ħħ֮ıɣ





ڰ˾ ʮ ˴Ůɱ

ħôԽԽˣǺǡɲҪݣ
ֻһ֮֮ĽʱΪߣҲ޷Ӷ񣡺ħħ֮ıɣһаħĹƤңָĪ⡢Ȼаħ̬ȴȻ޴棡
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ڰ˾ ʮ ׻ãϳ

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û⣬Ѿɣ˵Ҳˣʱɱ־ʲôֻһݣǣҵȥ
֣Զľ룬ȻҲûͣҡ
֮ϣһ𣬵ĸҵûһ˿⣡»֮ҹɹĸĶ⣡
׻һԾ޴ĳһˣӢݣһ֮ˣһԵȻһɫףȴΪݹڿȱ˼վһȴ㹻Ϊ֮ʧɫ
ûд㳯˭ҲµģֻͿŮ
ܿ찾˳Ҫ˯εʱϵһ˳ҾѣʧЦҡҡͷβɳ
Ҫȥģڴڼ





ڰ˾ ʮ ΢ײ

Ҫȥģڴڼ
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Ҿ͸ǵĸϷĻᣬһ䣬һĹǰյȥ̧֣һֻңӰҲҪ
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ڰ˾ ʮ ܻ˰˶

㿴ˣ˦ȴʹϢҵУǣԭ֮ơ
ǼԶ⣬ǲڷףԶҿпöã
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㡭޴ʱȴ㵵̵ױҲһƬٴһĨ





ڰ˾ ʮ 鶾ľȴ

㡭޴ʱȴ㵵̵ױҲһƬٴһĨ
ҹάҹάԼվϰˣ۹ҲޣյĿ˧ŮϰˣƷζҲϰԵĸߣʵ۾ûôıҲûôͦüëҲûô޳㣡
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ڰ˾ ʮ ʧ鶾

ɴŵҪ𣿡һѾɺõ֮һɣ
ʧЦңĳŮӣ͸ǵӵİɣһϵ䣬Թ˿ңһյİ㣬˿оΪһĨļС
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ǰ㻯Ϊʱɻж鰮УǲزסģҲصס
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Ҫ˺Լ֪ҲŹǸ˲Ų˵İɣ
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ڰ˾ ʮһ ħȫ

֮ǲɼ˰ٸΪǵƣеĺͷκ鰮޷ţǶȴȶҩԣ̫֮ϾƲֻڲɼ˲ƣ
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ĸҵӣָסҵ°ͣɼ䣬ϢһƬҪ㿪°ͳȴ
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֮ͣ΢΢һЦȴû˴ζǸɬģڱ档
ھ֮ûģֻ㶵Ŀ֪˵ʲôáãһֹֻҿԼģ
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аٻޣÿһֲֻ߽Ĳһʣ滨ۣɽѩɴصĿţ꼻һֱʢš޷꣬ճҲ̫һУΥ׳
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򸣣Ů˹񣬶˶Ӻݣĸǰ棬ٻӺ϶ں





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϶һ£߸ߵķɶϼ򵥵Ĳ˵ƵĹ𻨣䵭ЦελŮиĿǻеҲǺܺõĵ׺ӳĵ̲סȥչһЦ
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Ҹһѯ칷ҵһ
һȴһĻ״ΣϸСƳһԲһСڣһŽϴ滹ֻΪҵĺٵģ澹иժ





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˰װһʵ飬̫Ͼð亹϶һ²ؼ䵭ģȫӲ֡
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ĸǳЦ£ƺЩΪˣͬģҲܹݣƲ





ڰ˾ ʮ չޱ

ĸǳЦ£ƺЩΪˣͬģҲܹݣƲ
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ڰ˾ ʮ ּװ

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ȥβԺУһž޴ĹԺСųţֻ󣬡£檵ΰ
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ڰ˾ ʮ Ļ˶

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һĻ裬Լޣ
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Ϊƾϵõ𣿡
㡭ҪʲôľһĿȻ





ڰ˾ ʮ ֮

㡭ҪʲôľһĿȻ
ǺǣȻɱ赲ҺһˣŮĺ룬ǲܷģݣκ˶סǳʥ۵Ŵ
㡭źһ
ͷʵ㣬ڤԶһϯ֮أҪĺһ䣬̵ֻıȥ
ȴڵ߳һĨѰζЦ⣬ǺǣҵԽԽˣܰڳŻˣ
вŭľǶ㣬˰Եİڤ֮ˮϲأ
Ʋ죬߹סңǵڶͷӡһǣҵڴˣ֮ˮҲҶְ
ҡ֣ȴҵﾾʹչȣʱȴΪһ޴İ
ܾûɹ̫ЩչȵûʱڵĺӱҲֻǳ˿˻ɣ
ԺУȴиϤӰɹɴϵϾ޴ĳһףоҵϢŻֶ˶Ѹת
ˣʵ飬ŨŨϧ밮ûбסҡ
׻ˣĳܼ涼ʱڴԹһЩҾͻΪӰɣ
ãҲſڣЩ̫ȻɳƣôΪῴò˵ﻹ
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Ŀϣɵ߲ʵ⣬ϸȴҫĿע⣡Ƕ
ǰʲôرΪʲôÿ˶ע
Ҳֻ˵ѡҴ֣ഥһɲƬʧ񡣡ĸĸģΪĶл֮飬ԭõģĳŮӣϸһãͻһŮӵ
ԭˣֲһССô˵ע⣡ȥ͸ңȥ䣬˰ںħʱᵽ°ʱ񡭡
ϵǱ˰ǲǴ˭ϣǱ˰ãʳ漴ʡ
ǡͷɿҵ֣ǣ̧ҵļ磬㣬Ļ磬Ҳ۵Ҹɣ
ҵȴ°׵Ȼ
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̧ݣͬڵ˼ģǣ˼ӦŶ԰̾һ׻ֲԤУ桭û˵ʲô
ûУƽĸ⣬֮ˣһΪķޣǺǡڳ֮㣡ðɣ
ƽΪڵȣԤϣȻȡĸΨҹ̫ݣͥûмԽõˡ
ǰ΢ۣСӣûʲôѣһ֮Ѫˣܽ⼸ѣѾܲ˰ɣչȼħ𣿡
ħҡҡͷֵĿңħ֮ڣӦںħŶԣôȻ
ҡֻȴ뿪ʱӡ
ߵױ̨ǰӳճ۵ңٸԻԣþӵɫ԰׵ĲȻȴ޶ˣ󡪡ͬںɫϵҵ棬ȻǸֻһֻεӣ
ױϻΣΣʯķΣǸδİ뻷εΡ⳾ĶչǰͬǸϽ۵ǰ
ֻǡȻҪֵ
ҾɨĶͰ趼ûб׻ڱ
ʲôʧЦڵʱûҲˣʲô˼׻ͥӺ࣬ɾаٸȥһʺԼŮӰɣԺҪչ˷ʱˣ
õ׻׻Ѿ֣쳾ʹıʥýְ֮ķֱ
΢۵ȥΣǰ׻ҪҸֻľ
Ϊиɣֻǣһη֣лһ𡭡ֻУұ˴ص





ڰ˾ ʮ 

Ϊиɣֻǣһη֣лһ𡭡ֻУұ˴ص
һģȻһһҵŮӣ
ãȸףױϻѸٱһ·䣬ҲҸҲ
κţϰԵĵţһɣ
Ǻǣã
ӹʱȴ׻˵öĴ˵ţ֪𣿡
ǺǣǸˣĲŶԣ
ţţֻ飬ʱ޷⡣ϾǸʵ̽һսѧ֤ݵˣôõɣʲôܽܣһͬһ˵İͨȷ̫˼飡
İ꼴ƽĻϾʱĸһֿʼˣ¡صĸҺգͬģٻǾС
ҹ䣬ڵĻӨӨ˸ɫĹâԻŨصסϺӵ壬æˣҲת档
šٻޣ㻹Ҫ𣿡飬ӦĻ衣
ǰľ顪Ƕʼ̫ҸˣһǲҪ̫ҡźãѾͲҪϹ˰ɣ
һĨʧ漴˰㵯٣԰֣
ǿ΢ЦҲҪͷֻˣ
ǵ˴˾ͺãǰҡǵķ޲˿ģ𣿡
˵ȴȻһƬǲ˿ģȴǱ˰źõģǸ˺ͣǵĻҪˣ
ӵסңɫӨλ䡣
ЯֳǰһһϵӰиĿƵƵңɫ졣ڻ̲ס֣û˵ȻԱ߻ǸԤſλϾһķˡ
ȴ߹ȥˣϰֻ֪Ҫ˵ʲô㶵վǰȴ̡֮ѪǰֻԼӰɣ
վǰ̲ס֣񡭡㻭ΪΣԼȦ棡ЩɣۣʴۣµһûаȥĿԷ
ȻţڵҰɣ
װرױ𣿡ͷׯصķΣЩ档һ˲ǻصչȣڲʯϵ龰
ԼױģΪ󣬲ʧǣң̫ݣÿ춼ԼӣĴ磡
˵꣬΢ЦȴǶҡϵһ˲⣬ԴŵֵͲҫĹâ̧һûˣ£
΢ЦŵĲǱ˰ȴ϶Ǹ߸ߵķɶ٣򵥵Ĳ˵ƵĹ𻨣䵭ЦελŮгףˣǵЦ⡣
ôҲʷϵһԱǰģ
ôˣɫ̫ԣüע⵽ҵĶȻȥɣû˰ɣೢҼǵϲҵģ
Ӧصߣתͷң˵ʲôˣʡ
ûлشֻժǸѾµǰĬȻ뿪һ鶼Ҳںխʣİݲð˿覴á
𣬡㲻ң
ΪʲôһվݸӣֻʾҵİͰҵľģʱ㣿
ҪȥģĸӵĴгƺûע⡣
Ҹûصĵط
߳ͷ䶼Ǽݵ۴ϳڵϺݺݵ˼ţЦɵӣõǴ˵ڶξȻЩϷõŮˣ
ؿȡۻͷֻʵģʥִϣŷӶȥҵķţҵ
һϽ۵ӰǰΪʲộͽˣȥ㣬΢
΢ǲʣѸٲǣ˵ҺܸˣҲĸ
صʱ˵˻ΨһĬȻУһãȴˡ
ǸϢҵķᡣ
Ķ̫Ϊ˲ԼɵӣԸţתдʷչɣ϶ڵһ





ڰ˾ ʮ 覴ÿյ

Ķ̫Ϊ˲ԼɵӣԸţתдʷչɣ϶ڵһ
ӹдֵֽʵ벻˲갡һʳӣҲû
̽ʧЦ͵ҪᣬЩŮûһ۵ģûҺÿվǰңοϴأ
üͷһ㶼ûǫ飬ƯĲˡŮҲʣҲֻܳΪħɣħòħġ
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ҵȴȻӿůȴѹôˣȴֻʣһδ߰ο飬ȴЦŭڰο𣿡ҵĺ
Ǻǵ΢Цţɫϧ̾ң˭ο㰡ҿţҪУûҪඣ
űһǿƿң΢ۣǹҴδġҴסңſ΢
ұһѣ΢ҲûţȻɵӣƣֻҪһſңͻᱻĻҷ
ǺħһЩĸ磡΢üͷʾЩ
ˣ
סڣѾħңһϵ
Ҫһæǰ棬΢㲻ҪɱΨһѡһæס뿪ںӱߣ߰ɣ
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Բ𣡡ǰӵסңҺ㱱ȨޣֺѹģҵĴڡǵѾߵͷ
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Ҳȥˣ֪ҪȰܻǰ֣û뿪ĻҲûлӦ׻˵Ȼõ㣬Ӧϧ㣬мѣǶǿģΪλأĿŨŨϧ
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󰡣ȰοţӽķޣΪξͲܺúõߵյأ
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ǵģҲֻ⣡¶ʧʱҲңػңǡȻһֱǾ˵ġֲڵ̸֣ܾЩ£ллȥЩҺҸǸܺõɷҲڼ޸
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ʱ΢۴䷲䣬ֻ֮࡭
һŭ𣬴Ļ㲻ô
Ѿ⿪쳣Ҫ飬һܷ
Ҳ飡ֻ΢֣һ·
ûԥסҵ֣Ƶסҡã飬
ΪͿһ𣿡ŭȻ䷲޾ͳȫǣһ룡





ڰ˾ ʮ 廹֮

ΪͿһ𣿡ŭȻ䷲޾ͳȫǣһ룡
ֻ߳ʥͼپȥãּɣ
Ƭ̵Ȼң̶ϧȴҲ޷ջسϷԡҲ޷ͷˣҳ̶΢㣬֪˴˵飬ȴ޷桭
󣬰׻Ҳ˺ѻǣ·䡭׹ߡ
ĶȥʱͰ׻һǣԷ֮壬ҵֻأòȻ˵ǡǴĹƽ
ж׹ͥʱԺһƬհף漴޾ĺڰ
Ц۾ȴǺµȵҷ߲ʵ⡪ϲ߳ʥͼ
ǻˣҸ˵ӵס
Ǻǣһˣ㡭ƺûа鷳ЦΣҵĳȴǰɫģ˭һϴģ
׻ʣ
ҲǱȥʧЦĽҷ鷳ˣ
ôǺ׻ҵԺкȻ˺ܶණûʥ޲ûϰԵʹû˺Ŀֲ䣬û˺ħ΢ķֱƺҲûôʹ
ҵõʲôʧʲôһ˲䣬ʧ룬̧󣬻ţãؿڣоۻͷʣµֻ
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ʧ֪ǸȻ˰׻ʧЦʵǼһðɣȻңұ׷ֵɣ
ſȻֵ֮Һһ㶡תסӣô
ŶǺǣƵߣҽʥͼѾǺħҵãҲֻ㻹šȥ;ģЦȥ
һ£Σ԰׵ݣȴǻʹʱҾ֪˵ʲôá
صظֻ˵֣סҵ֡
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׷ÿ˸׸Ժ󡭡Ҳְɣ̾ӵסң޾Ĳɣ̤ʵӵС֣˭׻ۣ߰סҵ
ҡҪչȣʲôʱôŤµĺӡҺͰ׻㲻Һӳǽأ
ΰ̽õӶ·Ƿ״ԽģͰ׻ϴʱͽ˻ңһҪĳ޲õ塢ָͣ
Ϊ㣬չȣĿӡ
ҪȻҿɲôĵطգ׸չȰɣ㻹ס
׸ŵĿңȴһĨ޵Ц
԰ǰҼ޸㣬ȥ˵ظҪһ𣬾Ҫ׸չȣǱǵظƯԽ˵ԽеĵҲʼˣһҪ׸
ãĳ֣ϵҲɿҿһ¡
֪˷Ųӣ
ãżҰϲЦСӱ߱ȥȴȻи˳ǰԲݴüĿüһɰһ£ףƿӦǸŮģ㡭Ĺ
ǺǣǣӣĿһ£ǲʺƣˮ
ҹĿǷģʸնĹʿ
ʸӣʥ۵ŮԷ伲࣬ԣ˭ʸ񣡡˵úпϡ
ȴҲм֮⣡ʧЦ˹ննȳɰ磿Ҿһ⣬ˣˣøʲô͸ʲô
ǣ
ܲаޣҵ˼򵥡
ȴֵ̿ĹȥӻǻһɣҲϣ
Ǻã߰ɣμǡĹûгأʧЦҡҡͷ
¡סһӣ
ȻôŲҲл̾ȥ֮ɣûˣҵ֮ѪҲΪһδֻҵҵ޹ϵ





 ׻ Ŀ̹֮

ߣʱֻǾ죬У΢ĳɢݣ񾲶޵˯ݣӤ㴵ƣ˫üȴִЩӢ
ģ¶΢Ĳ޴ǲܶĵģ۵ǻԹԣҲڶɼ䷲䣬ȴǼ֡ҡֻܷӡ
ҵʥýõԼãʥýǸԵѵļһ߸ϵĹ߹һųûԵССβϲҿɲԼʥýˣ
ˣϰߣǲ۾ιôϢҲô΢˰ɣǷ񻹻ţϷʵĵ٩ö̽ģȴû뵽
ˣһ꣬һк骣һ壡ĸķɤӣ޺˵ǣСŮףδ󣡡Ҳ֪Ƿŵѣ
һ˫ĵμתԣŵƤʤƣ΢΢š⸩İ׻ûмУûκεľ壬һ־̾顭
Ůӣϲ

ǣ̫ţõôֻǽûǽģ΢ЦƿɰϲȴֶΡ
ðɣҲôСˣź𴲰ɣ´ҵʥͼƣҼȿҵʥýҹȥ
Ϊһ콫ۣûͬҽ̫ţȴֻ裡
Ҳǻ𣬸ֵǣǾȻ֣պ֣䣡
ϲ뿪ȴֲòְλȥѰҲǣңֻܺǰһһ
ֻܿ̾ʥý̫ʧܣס顢յ˲ɿƵĵزÿһûԵ˧̲סʿˮλᣬ͵Ҫ鱦ӷ¸
ǣκ֮УģԵǼһṥƣУеĶʻĪĿȼ
֪Լ䡭Ѿ޷Լģ
ϲ£ǣɹ֮У˼ǧŭǸɷǡ
ǸƢŹ֣ǰԣȴ֪ΪκȻжŮĿбӣȻҲʲôϧƫƫòǸļһ
һֱҵսһƴ
Сβʱ֣Ҳ޷ȻأʧȥϢһ̣ҡԵѡ䶼⡭ǻĸоֻΪˣе˶ǾһģһֻΪϵֻΪ̫ãֻΪ
ǹŹֵƢҲΪӣĻ裬Ķమ
Եѣ΢ۡҲˡǳʥ۵Ůãݺͼ䶼ӡֻܿٴమ޲ߣ
̫飬̫飬޷ǰݣ޷ϲ˭Ͱ˭
ǣ˵ң޵ʱϲѣȴʹעԵһҾѡ֣̰
ȰҪٶ飬ĳȴԽԽңҰ׻ӣӻģҲӣ֪֣һŮӵҲʵգ
ⰮǿңҵǱ˺ѳƬÿһԴұԵĲǶעġĽꡢ󺺵İ׻
صޡҵһʱ嶯ҲẦһܷ

һᣬȥҵʹ絶ʣǸİҲǵ١ǣҿѲʱҵŭһ˲䱬ȻԵһȴ޷κ˺뿴ˮ;ֻΪֻع
Ϊı䣬ԼĲĮվװ磬Ϊ˲ϧ
Ҵ˵ظҪʱȴ֣ѾҪΪٵԼȰ⣬ֵ֪ΪҺãʲ
Ҫۣϧϧֹһֵ̣֮ľս
һУҺǧꡭܼ尾һγΪʥýļ尾һξѾˣ

ÿһ飬õҲ㣬ǣǲһ𣡡ǣȴִûоܾһָۣ۵ĽϢҪҸҸԸ
˿ʱһ˿ûڶûУϷŵҸҵڴᣡõ飬Եء
չܾһңᶨᶨĸңңȴһ

ɣҲʱҲŷ㳷İʱҵҲˡĮһУʹҵģ
ǣ㣬ֻܷ֣ҸеʹŻϣֻһˣҲһİ㣡
һÿնȥչȣﵽϢƵ㣬ͬȻҵĻС
㱼䣬ǰųһ֧߽ȴֺȻʧ̫˼ǻȻǰҶǸʥͼзʱûмһ桭
õҰɣޣԶǵãڵظ⣬һİ׻
 
һգʯһʮĺӡһСҵõҵǿԷʥýҵõһ˲صߡ
ҽĪոǵظӣ۾ţĿڣҵĴšѣһ֣
ΪڷһŮˣӵһԼ⣬ҸԸǴĪո͵ǸӣĺĪո
ǵúӹɵʱĻ֪߳ʶԨӱõϣһ̳һУΪǵ
ԵϲõĶӣ常𣿡΢Цϸϸ
۾תͷ˫ӣμǵƤʤüŲףгǰ׻𣿡Ĵңҵĸϲһа׻콫ҽĹ£ǰ׻Ҳ常ҵĸ֪Ƣ̫ã
ãļ磬ȴλ䣡
õ㻹ûз¶ҵİ
ǡ常һĸ˵Ҫһ꣬Ҳ
ã㣡¶ЦݣһůһҾãԼĪո
и飬ÿһﶼҵĸ֣Щ˵ļôĸأӻͳžӨ飬һ֪Үݸ硢ԪвĽԶ
ΪʲôҪ飿ȡЩ˵ļ䣬ҲѹƢã
뿴װ׺㣬ֺ۰ңÿʱÿ̶ÿױʱ𣡡
ǺܶĪոԵ˶࣡⺢ӣǱϳİɣ
ڲʯɺãߣĪո㣡
ҰõúҸ




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ֻֿԳ֮ΪУһֽĭһֽڽ
׻ڽ
ңӲôɵ£ҰŮˣ֣ȥҲҪõ壬ҷҲҪסɵķ糾
ҡҪǣĭ
һ̣ȳԺĻ裬ӰķҵԺŬܵҵİŬӭҵ΢ЦԿͷ֮ŻѾʧȥϢҵĴʹʧֽ
۵ĿȴҸʤҵֻʣ͸ǣҲûнⳡļ尾úݡҵڵѪȴֻܼܿ尾ĬĬػˣ
Ѹģ飡
ҲԼķҹҹ䣬ÿһϵŮˣסǣסҡΣҲֻǴŷĵޣĻ˵òȻ
һ϶䵭ĻһֶҩõǱ˰ýȥ㣬ҲᷳԵظŮ˵̬ҡУ

չȵһμʱ
˵أȥչ档
칬ڶŮҶʶֻλ˵еʥۺ۴Σʺһᵽ־;֣ǶĴΡ
ʱվһ˵ò£ǱˣȻõĸȽϺãʱ۵ɫռС
ͷңûκױݣƮݣĿֱӺΡһȻ߽ࡢ޵˺гһ壡
ûһŮ˸ֱҵ˫ң̹Ȼֱҵ꣬ĻңУҿʹһϡ
ҿó΢ͬһ棬֮ĳħţǣܿ콫ߣ֪ΪΣڿ΢֮˫Ⱦ
ϣǸң߳ΪҲԣ޻̸Цֻһšɻ󡭡
ǸϷûҵȴһ۾ϳ΢Ҳҵһҵĺδйĸо
׽Բʱ׼ȷĲ׽ҵϢֿ۽ҵ֣һ˲䣬ſ
ȷϵ㣬ҵĿƽ
׽ģȴû뵽Ҳŵʱ򣬵ǣȴǶ΢۵ġҿ΢ĳ磬ϵΣСϵ׹

⣡ظ
ʱ˰ߣһ֮δΪֻˣȴײ
ûκξ㵣Ҳû죬㿪ҵӵ
һ̣ҴδеĻңаԼĻƣæ·ƽĵҰԼķ
֪ҪǣûдӦҪЩʲôԽҪĶһҲԣ
ǡûС
ɴʧ뿪ϣŵĺͰһϧϧһ֪ʧȥʹҵĸĸȥʱһһ̣ˣΪһŮˡΪ
ȥѸȥչȣ֪һж֮ȴֱƽҲ֪ʲôӣԼİ˿΢ЦתҼ
͵񡢹̫Ͼ̸ΪóİϷȴû뵽ҪȡѪħãɫɷס
Ѫ֮Ѫ
һҲףʥ۵ŮôģˡҲ֪ΰο
ȴҰȥ΢
ΪΣԶΪһλˣȴŨصĹ¼šΪһָо˿ļ֮׶ûУΪȴܱҡ
Ҹô죿
Ҳ֪֮Ĭ֮üʾܹͨ״ΣҲ⡭΢۽ڵֻתȥ
һ죬ȥ¹ˡ࣬϶ߣȴûκģӶźµľݡ
㰮϶ĻɱҸоĵκκйصϢҶĲ
ûзϣǣҰһԼģͣغģ
һɱ϶˵
һҷ𣡡䣬סľӣỬļǹãҾû˿
Ϊҵȫռ϶һϯ֮ضûˣ
϶Ǿ壬ǾҾѣƿѸ뿪¹
϶Ǿ壬ǾҾѣƿѸ뿪¹
ȴû뵽صظ˰һ˿ҵҵĴʱиգ񱩵Ľߣ֪߳ܣ
ұˣΪһ᲻֪ʧȥңֻϣܶ࿴һۣ΢Цһ£еĸı䶼ֵõģ





   ֮Ŀѿ

ұˣΪһ᲻֪ʧȥңֻϣܶ࿴һۣ΢Цһ£еĸı䶼ֵõģ
΢Ĵ䣬ҵңҪڤӵԹħΪ˵õѪҪӷҵҪЮ
ǣλ֮ظҺԥĴӦߣȡӦң
ϣ޵΢ߣǿʱһ˲䱼ӿ
Ūǽ壬ʥһ۵ϣǳ޵ıҿ޾Ĺ¶
ǣԾǲļǿѪķҷڣ
ʥ𾪵һۣи̰ϧ΢İΣ̫ҫۣҫֻ
ҹȥչȣֻǲģһ˶Աˣ
ʱȴֵûκʡ
Ҵ㵣ֻǵͻ
ʹûộѣ˵ҳԣ
һҿЦεЦֻΪһдֵֽֽһĨ
ȴʼšֽȴҲĪıˣΪһ㶼ѹ
һ˯ʱɵ࣬һķҷߣĸ˯ݣӡҵǣҰ㣡ףȴֻ˯ʱ˵ڡ
ûκξȣΪΡһ˯࣬Ҳ˵ǱͽԸĨ˰ɣҽʲôʲô˭Ҷ
⣬ǰȴǰǿȥҪԼѪԼԶ޷ȡǸ
Ҿֵʱ۵ʥּȴˣ׻ģɫ̫ãҲãȥ
׿˵ãоȸԾΣ
ǣ㣬۾ܾˣ˵Ҳ㣡׻Ļǳ
ԼжôĴҪһȥˣ·صȥΪΣֻǡǶĻᣡ
ǣ֮Ҳŷ֣̫ץϰ˵Ũҹ޵ĲҽУ޷Ĳ԰ף
޷εɳġ˵ʱֻ̽Ϊˣɣ
ΣϼңģûŮʵĳԺȣ
㻹жҲ˽ġ
뿪ʱûκįĵ̾

ǣټʱˣ
˰ǲ磬еһǿûˣʣµֻ峺޹֪ӡˡ
ӣͥʱΪ۵ӡ
ֻ㣬ΪݳޣҵˣϲõǣȻ࡭չȵֻΪ
ÿһҹҶ١г˯٣ڻУҹþ
ǺħˣɵĺħҸвˣأ飬ңҪȥչ
ǻɫͫУҾħҲǵ
ȷǣ
ƣǱչȣǻЦĴ֣
Ϊֻ˿ĵЦ
ʹڸơ
˵㡭ҡ˵˰ڣԡˣϧ̾Ϣţӣ⺢ӡ̫ʲôɾԼĿ
ģˣЦˣҾȻЦˡڹң

ΪΧײգһŭ֮Ҫǿҿ΢۸ϵʱ׻Ҳ
ҸϵͥʱѾصչȣ죬ҪһӢ۾ĻᣬҲҪľսɣĶмͿס
糷ˣҷӵһ¿ûпе⣬Ҹñ
۳ףȴһ磬ҿЦĵЦҲЦΪЦһֻ̣Ϊţ
ӵסⰮȴǸŸĸĶҪָϣϵѾΪܾˣǡΪǴ
뽫ߣѰһᣡİ̫ܣĴǷҲ޷
ĺ䣡ҪõϵΪ˺ݶ
ǣڶ죬ȴȻչȵģȴû뵽΢ߣǡѾûзĵɡ

˰ҺܾûгˣһпվչȣҲû˼
û뵽ִΪûҲ֪˰ϮزʱһȵĲ˵˼ʧЦŮ˴Ĳҹά
ĺӲҲ˹Ŀ࿴ģͬԣҲʥ۵ľϡ
Ҽʱ֣еĳ
˰˹ȴǿϷһģһŻĹҴسԵǡðɣϷ
ɡҵݼ̫Ȼ˰Ȼ˯ˡ

֪֮Ҳ֪Ǳ˰µĶ
ٻǰ죬һֱҹûٿĬȻ֪Ŀ࣬ȴ֪ΰæ





   Ȱǧɾ

ٻǰ죬һֱҹûٿĬȻ֪Ŀ࣬ȴ֪ΰæ

ٻޣչڿͨ

ҾԼȡ

ģ۴ͻ飬͸ңƣһǽˣأܸĴۣҶ⣡

һӳĵѩˮ΢Ц˫ü΢򭣬֪ؿ֮ĳײҰ㣬ǲҪԼҵİ

֮һֱѰҽ֮꣬Ǳ˰Ȼеʮ˻ʡ

죬ڵſڣظɬڰٻϵӣŬļɣҵĸɲ·𿴵Կǰٸ꣬Ŭ

һ󣬵ڶϤˡɾڵ˹ؼĲ֣Ȼֹ

ŵĹҴĶ˷

ϻѾѪɾҵʹΪΡΪ˲̣ҵڿҡ

Ļ裬ұûб̫ϣǣϣ΢Ц֣ÿնڼ֡ϲĻ֮˹ӵסҵĸоķҷõξҸĲʵ

סңûü֮ûˣҵ

ÿһҹ԰ĵһ˯ǡȴֻܸɱܵļ尾ҲҪõظδġ

٩ǰôҲˣ

ޣʧЦԶû취



꣬ٴμ϶ʱҵĪ񶯣ޣİ۽˹ȥߵλǸ׼

Ϊܾû뵽߹ȥһΰٻޣһҹҵĪĳʹе϶չԼģ

ˣûǰתߣҵһ󾪾壬Ϊα¡

֪أԵ־ͣҲҪ뿪ҲҪһΣε

ңǰģȴΪңҵĺÿգǸطΪڵģ

΢Ѹ׷˳ȥ׻ĿңǷŭǹ

Ҵˣ

ҹȥչȣֻصǰ͵͵󣬿һһЦ

ħֵĺüʱ꣬ҵŬ׷ĻУ˵ĺӣֿЦ

Ȼصظ׻ȴõΪβϧ

ҷŭûвϧŬסǷ޵£ò׻ְɣʲôʸ񣿡

ᶨĵΪҰֻһһߣ

룬

Ǿ԰ɣӮ㣬Ҵߣ˵˼ᶨҵĻ꣡

ǣȴҲŲֽҲʧЦ˵ҫ


ҴˣȰܵģǰ׻ǸƢҪҴ



΢Ҳȥ۴ͻ飬ʺɣ׽Ūˣֻˣ



Ǵ٣ҰԼи



ҵ׵İõһˮѲ׳ԵŮӣȴ޷Ƶİ

ǵĻ裬ȻǵĻ裿

ۺúݣúݣӡеļ䣡Һʧȥȥá

ҵ壬һͨӣҵķֻ֮ķ

ǵעײమĻԼ㲻ʧЧӦҪޣ˵޵˵ǰ׻

֪ǲĻǰõĻЩգˣŮ˶ˮױԣϲһУǱԵ޾޷죡

Һͷʹɣļ尾Ƭ̵Ŀ֣Ըȫ

۵ģÿһ顣ÿһ·ߵӣΪ۷ᣬ黭

ʱ˵ЩƤĹάңӢе޵ľ˧磬еõҶõֻϣصߣ

󺺣ԭǵĺҹūĻһСһӣԶ֣ţֻʣǡ



ҼסǸӵ֡ĪոҲҵķӹ˵ã֪߳ʶԨӱõϣһ̳һУΪǵǸĸ֣

ҵҲҪظչҪһ̳УǣҪҵֻ죬ǺӲŻõһʥ壡

һҹŶǧ˼ᣬҲ֪Ӵǧֻ꣬һ˼ȴᡭ

һҹ䣬޾˼ĺʹ

һͷ׷ͳȥǸûˣԶ˸ǵҸҵˣ

ҴˣĪոӡ

ظŹɵĻ˵Īո壬ǸжĿˣеϲһڣҸ

ǣĪոҵ

ÿĻĪķĵȴϧǻģӣĸ̫񣡷ǸˡҲˣǺӵĹѪҵһ룡

Ȼңǣ֪ĵ׻а׻۴ʹ΢

һԶڵظҵ飡

ҡҪǣĭȥҲҪõ壬ҷҲҪסɵķ糾





 ΢ ȫɷŹ

ʽңҲ֪ģҲû˵ֻǵǸúӣеúñҪܵκ˺
ең˿ٿȻѩףһ˲࣡ҪȥˣÿǣĽŲ˳أҵҲʹ
ΪҵӣֶŮ
һ죬ΪβֻࣿΪֻΪİ
Ҳ㣡˹¿࣬˼尾һɵġɣȴ޲
ΪΣ˲п᣿

̫ϾҪ裡뿴£֪һеļˣ֪߸ϵıۡ
΢£裬һ岻ƣɾԶɷţ̫ϾСĵľ棡
ˣùɫĵҩȥΪ΢ۻ뷲޾Ǵ裬ҶһԪԵڣΪĴ£
Ϊҿκ£ҲԸ̶Ҳɣ

΢Ұ㣡ڱϣչȵźеĴҵģ΢Χ£齫ҽ㣡
Ҳ㣬õñ֮ɢâͬİ

չȵĳϸϸоȣΪһҲԣͷɢ泯죬ŵˣȻȻĳҵıУ㱵Ϥ֮עԵ
ϲˣֻ뾡ܵΧÿһռ䣡װ磬Цģ顭
֪ԼϢͣΣΡϲҾһܿĵÿһ䣡
ǣҺһǸ磬ǰˣ
վڴߣȻֻѵõ񾲣
˵ˮʹᡣֻ㶵Ŀңˮ٣ѩļ΢ĺ촽ߣ롣ӹеıӣûиԥĻᣬסһɲžķҷѿѾã룬ҡ
û뵽еҵߣ棬ҵģû˿˺
ΪܰһУԲ˱ۣΪΣȴղס飿
ݵļյദ뿪ˣչУ
͵ϣ޾ľ𾪣ʧȥеǣ޸ʣҿĳʺ֮ۡ
˱ɣҪֹĶԣȴҡҡͷẦҺҷ𣡡
Ҳ˵ʲôȴðȻλȴʧأþȫŰеŭ
˳ȥȴֹȥ׷ǣȨλҪģΪҴʱȨλ˶ࣿ
ææ񣬱ĳԶæ꣡
ڶ㣡ңӡҵ˾

ԸۣҵȴҵİˣЦᣬͷҾôۣҪʲô룡ԶҲ˺֣
֪оҪοȴߡ
´ҲٸܵĻᣡ

Χ仰òץ񣬿һƽΣˣȥס׻һ֣ĻС
վûаݣ³ûл΢һ·ĸȥҺ˴ųƲ硣
һҵŭȼ㣡ǿҵôޣһƽΣҵǾʧ룬ŵˣ
ǣûˣҿǱʥ¶ûдãһ·ӣ
ҲҲҪֻҪ㣡Ϊܶ
ɻǽȴ岻ƣһҹڶգɵĳһֱ˯뱼ȥû
ץȥ壬ؽȴû뵽һѣҶµƿԣֻѡȥչֻƬ̣
һƷ裬ķҷһĴҷҿĲȻȴûɬʧЦΪβɬ밮ȻҲ󵨵׷Ѱɣ
˵ܰ׻˵Ŀ̹ǣڶǰ󵨵ıסҵģʹһ˲䱻ڿգ
ǣٻޣΪĬ
֪һƣսǿ£ң޸Ҹ
ӹҴӦ̫ˣ꣬һȥر
ǣҺĶ顭
ķҷģ
ˣ˼ҳ˹¼ŵĿܣ





   ֮ڰ֮

󡭡޵Ů޵ŮʴһһŮӣˮοˣչէֵ޳ײҵ
⡭Ů֪ΪΣĸоЩǸʹ㵣
Ҳ޵ŮظƣޣǺǣ
أĸʵĲֻ̡
ҵףѾˣ㺦㺦㺦һһظҿеĳޣ
Ķ֣ңܸ
ûϸңֻǵףһǴ֣˵ʱЦ⣡
ȷһֱûЦֱ
վһã÷ǾϸվԱߣǶĸ壬Ϊһ壡

Ӱ룬һ𣬴֣ϲЦδЦҶʼ
ǣΪʲôȴȥչȣҶԻλûȤǶԵģҺһʲô˼أ
ǰĸҽȥ޹ãʲŮ㻹ҲҪҪסǵڰ˴õչȵϵõͻΪͳ˧
Ϊ㲻
Ѷϣ̫ʺλӣĸ˵ţҵļ磬һҪõĸȥǸλӡ
ǣĸǰ
һ꣡˯һ꣬ۻҲûпҵģȻֻ
Ϊʲô
˲ҵ˴
ҵõǸλӣͶҹĿ࿴
ĸҲ˺

֮Ѫĸظĸ֡
ǣ
İѱһ壬ǣ˵ۣҲҪ˺׸硭ĸ˵ţóһ֪
𣿡
ǣȥ䣬һôĸɣ
ˣ

˳ұ˵λϳ磬˯ҵǰڴأӣоҸ
ڵõˣۡ˻ĵȼõģߣҵĺ˭ס㣬ΨһԸ
ĶͷһϮ㣬ʵ
һж˻ƣɽǸҪȢǸϵļ޲ȥŮˣ֪ϲҡҲλӻϲ϶𣬰ٻӡһȺӹ֬׷ۡ
˭Ҫֻסҵ
վͰֻǱоеʵûκ֪ҵĿ־塭ٽһŻ
ɹᵽ˺λΪƽ
ҺĶ˾飡ұģ֪ʢĸ˵ŨңҵǣÿһĶҷ񡭡ֻһֻһѡ
΢ۣôԺλֵĴڣЩ꣬һֱ֮ͣƣܳⲼõĽ硭
ôУʥ۰ʥۣҵĻʲôԵ
̫Ͼ£ˣûȥҲûлչȡ
ûõĶ˶Ҳһң޿̫ͣ׽Ƿסţ
ǣ
ˣ˳ȥΪӵģ֮£ĪοΨһȥչȣ
һõ㣬һõ

Ȣף
ﲻҷ
ΪŮͷѪλӣȴûκȤԽûȤҾԽ뷢ŭߣ
ҹĸͻ޹ЪϢɣתȥ
£׷סң¡ǡȴ񡭡
֣ȻתıɽֻλӣλӸˣ޲㣬ΨһŮ
ǺòҰסǡѾӣ
ӣĿ֪һӣͲᵽǧ껹޲ȥĸȥɡʵ㣬иۻչϹ޵ģ͸ˡߺߡΪ޵ӣҪ޵İ룡ȥֱ
˾ƣǾ̫Ͼҩһ˷ʱҪģҲ⣡ӣҹ˴˰ɣķҷߴңڵٻ
ɾڳȥʱѩһĨȾһ뵡ۻһֱšΪΪңһֱ
ңȴ˵޲硭
ӵסоսŻˡڲʯϣ˯ߵİȻ˯΢ЦģΪһԡһһμţҲĸİţ˯߰ɣ
ſĽᣬһҹ˯ú㣬ܶķҷλչȵã
İδıɣһֱסţ

֮˰׽ߣǾͨķޣιûκθоüëûһ¡ˡ
֪϶ɱǸŮѾ̺ܾ˰ɣסʸΪͥ˶Ϊ
ų׵ò˳Ⱥǣҿǳ䵭ݣֻĻĳЩϹ˰ˣˡߺߣÿ¹㱾£ʲô
Ĵڣûκιʼɣĵĸ֣̫Ͼ͹ͨһ
峺峺Ĳ磬ڷأֻչȰɡƬԵľ
ٻޣ͸ջضԵظ뱱ĿȨǰٻޣȥΪ
ȴû뵽΢ںҲһԶᣡ
ǣҾ죬ȴһδοͶ˵Ļܽȴֻܼ尾
İûݣûил̫ӳľǿǿƣҲûס
ǱӦ𣿱ӦҶ˺
ļ尾ˡ
ٻصΣ޷죡Ȼ޷ıİŨңָأʱѣʱˣ˷ḻ
ÿһδԽʳĥѣĺͿ֡
ٴαؽΣû뵽˴󵨣ĹѪţķҷͬ˸ħỬ֬ļĹ󡭡ȴֲС
һȴҵȥĸ͹ǰҧסҶһɲȫס
Ϊ˴ܣ
ǰҵģź骵֣˵ҡ
Բ𣬵ͷҲſ壬ֻ֮֮顭
λӣģ
ĸҺڣ
ʴȣºͣ˲ʺۣ
ҵõλֻõ㺦ٲ

ԸȨƣֵչһ𳤴ΪҵޣҸƽ





 Ӷ̨ϼһ

Ͻӵڰ˾ʮ£
ȥ֮ɣûˣҵ֮ѪҲΪһδֻҵҵ޹ϵ

ҴǸ׵İõΪӣѾ̥ǣҲûʲô赲ҹƽӣ

⡭

ĳŪķ꣬仰˵ֲף͸Թʲôʸ񣿡

ǣӰ

ҵȴȻڿգһ˴ᱧ𣬡ι㡭Ҫʲô

Ҿ׸ǰǣڵظסһ꣡ǿһ꣬Ǳһ꣡Ѿ˾

㱧ʲôнš

ΪҸойǿڿΧȻ硭

Ҹ˰׻ǰ׻

δߣȰؽظЦϵ֮ǰǿһĪո

һ񣬲ǽΪʲô׻׷ΪҸ̫ǡ̫ǡ̫̫͵һޣ֮ѡ

ҪǽҷڵһλģĥգⰮѲ࣡Ҳһֱұˣ

ҰһǸҵĪոҵĶӡ

ǣҲ뻳̥绳Ҫʮġ

˵ʲôĺӲŻʥ塭ߴͣ̿ˮȵҾ塭˫ȴۣϲŭ尾һ˲Ũң¶ȣȼյ顭

ҵǧ꣡ӴֻһˣỬ䣬ϸһĳ飬һֱӡҵĵף

ӵסнİȥŹ̵¶ȡҸҲϢɣ

󡣵ظڵ

ҹסĲӣǲǸûչˣĪոҪɹɹ̫ܳĿ죬ǵھŴҪغչأڵӣûʲôõģСҪעĽɲҵĶӣҪ˴ʮ˲

ҵĶͷչģԼȥͺˣˣ˵һ꣬Ǳһ꣡

СҪиĸŻҸҴϵ

СѾһˣҪƭˡɫܳڿıܽĪո֮һ˼㡣

ĪոһſСЦģ˿ûôôңӣõʲô

ĸһļ飬澹ȻأҴĻгСĲСĪոҪôҲ

ùǸ飬ȹ֮󣬼ͻᱻϴȥЩִ̫ŵ˲ĪոͽǵļС˭أ

̵ļ䣡Ҫɣ

õܺãֻõģһжǡĵŹ֣ᣬĳ˪Ŀֲ׽ŪεĴӱһһһһЦôãõһȾ

ᣬỬգմʪҵĶͷȴЦĵȡ

һҹްն޸ңȥ̫󣡡

𾪵ĳסݸ磬Ѿѵˣ



õǳˣֽסҵ֣סҵļ磬棬ʤ

ãȺȴͻȻܳһӰ

һûпϸ˾Ѿҳȥڻ

һѵ̴壡Ҷʱڻ

⡭ǡҮݸ磿ҵ©һġ

޿̣飬һ˲仯Ϊĩλϰ̫̫࣬ĪոȥչӲĿްԵ

ĸ󡭡ĺסĪոÿ˽ҵĻصķЩƿСгɾ͸е͵ЦΪŭϵͺ˲

ȴȻСӸãţҪԼȥ˵ţժ¶һ˲һ˲ʧû²Ҫǣ

£Ĵഫ

ĪոɻĿǣ˵ϵˡ£ŭ£ǲĽ˵

ĪոҲʵҵʹεĿϣܸһ͡

ҰͰ͵ڻǳ̾סҵļ磬֮ȷͨǣҵȷǱ϶Իֻһ˲ѡ֮߳űҵʱӦĿбӣǣȥǱߡҵʱķꡭ

ԭܹͬ

ǧĿбӣǱһֻƳģ

ãԼĺΰ󣡡еӲһԶĿбӣǣȴһǧꡭ

Īոȴ̾ÿֲҲҪջȥɣ

˵ȥĻûջصģСøպҧгݣ̫ǶԶӣǶԴУ

ʧЦתȡдʷᣬӣס㸸Ľѵɣǧ֤ҵİҲˣ

ŵĿϵĶ㾹Ȼţæȥ

ĪոһѾץȥۣöŮɵ֣ŮŮĸ󡭡ʲô

ұҪ˵ʷᣬȴ½̻Сӣֻ̾
ûʲôֻǷֽˣǺǡӲɢ

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