صļԣwww.27txt.com ṩȥ˴վŶ

׷
ߣ

01

ҳʱһ˼ԭǸ񲻳֮ǰСЩ£ҵʷǱ¹ճ͡
ڳ͢Ϊ٣Ҽҵķӣڸġ
ĸ΢ЦŵܼҺǳū͵︧ٴָԲĹĵĴӣߵľСʱļ飬ӡƺʱǼӲӵĴӣԼһݳĺ
˴ŻƳγε··һצĴߣںܶ˵Ĵӵ½ҼҵĺԺЦǺǵ˵⼸ʲôõģܴ󰡡
׸ͷ͵䡣ǱӿסĹϵͷһϥǵġͷ϶Ǻ飬̧Ӳͣ黹ǲͣðȷȣʱƺǶ죬ҴǺϲ¼аɫСССʨӹƣĸȴ˵ǽ롣
ر£ǳѻ֮ĳª֮ۡ
˵һһ䣬븸׿ˡ֮ǰһĵܷܵȲûˡʱѾ֪ǸԶˣҺ͸һʱȺﻹ٣ˣϾ᲻á
ȥס´ĸסҡˣһڵϣ֮ǰĸ׽˭ҪԹԵģ̧ͷҵĿӺܺ񣬲̫䡣ʵղǺܶС͵͵̧ͷˣɫװͰ͵ģǾû˸˵
𣿡бµĺЦһ˵򿪡
üһСǡкüÿ
ӵ֨֨ѽѽؿˣҲûпĶȻ̲ס͵顣ֻõҶǼ䣬һȫǽӲӵĶ̫սȥ̵۾
¡ˡۡصš
ɫֽһͨڡ¡űߣؿͷͣ˵
ǼˣֻͷûԱ˿ͷҰ²µĹǲǱȸ׻󣬿ɸСĺӲ֪Ÿ׵ϡӣջ·ܺٺЦæסӵ졣
һҲûС紵ҵĲӣҴ˸սҵĺϣӲúƶ
ͻȻ䣬¡ﲻסƵЦ
һªۣ֣֮е
ײϵ˵šӿؿͷû֮ǰˡ
ɡ˶˵֣ƣ̰£ĵģʵǡ
´Ц뿪һ˴Ҵææͷ
΢ͱ£׸Ȼӷڵϡ
֮ûټ
Ǹ׵ıãСһ𳤴ûиҳԹǣҲСҲûϣֻÿ޵ķ
Һ֪ʵȥõĸףǸ׵Ĺĸ׵֣ͷΣ̳游ةࡢ顢ɣ٣ƷȴԽԽСдγԷʱ򣬴˵ʵҪ̵̫ȫߣϻʺݡӴһɺԣüҷͷֳһ٣ַ˼ڶ쳷нϯ
ֳ죬ϵϢҺһһͬ˯ӣôߣҡɫѿһֱںȾƣźţͿܾ֮ſ޵˯ȥ
׸һ磬˵Ϊޣ͸⣿
ҵʱû˵仰ʱֱ껹ա

02

˵ֻþˡʱӵֻʣ˭һӾҩԴ֮Ͳ̫׽ҡҳʱѹֱ˶֪ĽᡣǲҵĴԹҲֻԹҴСӾеŹ֣֪֮󣬶Դ̬ҲɽңҺαؾɽ
ʬǶûУҲҼ룬ࡣʱֳǣҺ֣ܵ˵£ĸ׺ʹڡĸֳĸ׵ң׷ΪʥʺʱһƷ֣ˡкӶĸסƽԼĸʽϾҪСĸĸӺĸӶҪܷġҿͷ߸߽볤ҡһĸףֳǱ߿˿
ֳ꣬Ǹ׵ĵճӣʱ˭ԤȻһƬ̹;ע
ֳʳӵųǲֻͬҪĸǵвԶԴ˲ʲôƽֳиźÿиĲɫÿиǮкüĹٷǸ֮£һеĶξͷΡֳҲбǸ෦ζҪֻƾһ㣬ǾͲô
ʮֳŵҪչҺܡ
ʵԼԷ¶Ҫ˴չ˵ʲôպϣҶ϶ǸϲѪȴ̫᳹ʼյˡڡĺ׳Ҳ£ֻ˵һοѡ
ŵϡˡǳԷ˯ǹΣ͵Ͻ֡ȻǱ˵õʱߣҲǶԸӣ׵˵Ѿ㹻һˡֻʽͬ
ʮһһҾúߵİ鵱Ҳ߿£һѭ·ȥ˻ȵתǣǡþĺ
ˣ˵ȥǲȥ
һɵֹ
һſڻȵĳϣһޣԽԽƸ׵ӡ
ӣǰȥүεʱ䡣ߵ̴άһṧ
ͷʦȥ
Ƿ˵
죡ܹˣҪǼСëͷʲôʱ򣿡
˵Űһ飬ŵô˸飬̴Ӽֱ£һ˲͹˵ϡ
ӣ˽ҪŶĹжΪū澰
ΪҹܲˣҲҵḶ́һҪȥͱԼ˵ģ
ڳϽһԾˣȥ
û߼һϤɤá
ˣʲô᣿쳤ӣŭݵĸס
ˣ̴æܵĸǰͷ
ֳ޲󣬽һ㲻˵ң顣
ĸ̴һۡô£
̴æûʲô£ӺūҪȥүū˵Сģӣ
Ǹʲôĸֳָ֡˦ڷﶼˣ簡
ֻǲȥɺǱߡֳƵص˿ֱ˵ԲǿҶҡ
ĸüԸ̴ȥĸķ˿ǰȻǽ
ĸժµԵһʯа棬˶Զˣ̾һʮ壬㲻¡
֪ûȷʵҪӹذƽʱЩź򣬽ʹͣҲ͹˰ɡ治һӲҪһǶ֣ЩϷⲻǳ˺ͬһܿô׽ڣǸ׵ճӣαίԼ
ԭίֳģҴû

03

ֳһȹηɿ֡ԭֻһ˱Թദʱֻ̫̣ÿſ档ֳίԼңȻЦȴɳԿ
㲻ͨյĺӣ鶼Ȩ˼ң֮ϢΪҪɣʧѣΪ㽫㡣һ㣬ĸӶĺ׺񣬾ͲΪԼĴġӵ㰮һм׷ԲᣬֵܽΪ׽ǵ۸ǣύ˴Ǣദ֮ıΡΪ֪㲻ˣΪ˳˳֣λӣͶӶлݣҲһ
һĸѾѧϵġû뵽ֵ֮ν׹ϵĸ׺ֳУҲһѡһΪֳϲǲ׽Դ԰šûˣײۿһأֳرذ̧ܹͷͦصΨһѡͷһѣǳġ
ˡͲȥͱ˵ȥˡ
ĸЦȻͬȥˣҲҪǶǹӵܣ꽻飬պкôύǲæһʱһջǽǲĸ֮

ǾͺãȥɡɵǸǺӱϾ㣬˼һסΪﲻˣεĻҪһĸ˵ֳ꣬ͷ
ҿð۵ָԼӣǴȰ
תŵߣеԶĵطſʼܡ
Щϣûпޣһֱ̫ᡣзȴѧʹãƩǰ
ҪﻹûǸжãǰĸȥʱﶼҵͷָ֪ожֻ֮ĸ֮һҪҲӦҰɣûң׻кܶӣֳܵܣҲĵáһҳܳ˯壬ʲôʣˡ
ûںңΪ˲𷣲žķ̣ĸΪֳĸֺòװ磬ĸΪһźɫֳôĺãǼٵġ
Ǵ˼ˡ
ܶٻⷬҲڶĸ׵۹ؽΪάɷڶ檡ʮĸŮɼĺλŮģֵûκһ˵ܹȡ
ֻʱҸ޷͸γɵ飬ҲѸı䡣
˵ΨһĴֻǸ͵ңͲȥ͵ǽɡ

04

˽⵽ĸӵġͼıڵʱ˵ѡȻվҵҲһҪпҹܳӣȻ޷ǰججؽǸһУ˸еҸ
ƿ˵ַ߶뿪ʹҽΧ˿αªǰֻ·ѡ񡣱Լǽǣܾ˵ĿƧһ߽һαΪã¼̤ҲҪԼÿġǰһֺûдķֱʾһպģôģ
Ծɡʵ޷ģ⣬ʴǮֻҺ޷մ֡ĸǵҳΪǺγܽǵĹذΪаС汾̫٣ٻҲûʲôЦײҲǱ޽մϵĹ⣬ܸ߾ô
߸ֳ֮졣ƲλΧжʮҪģͻСٶҲʱӵСǱûϣڵֻҪĸ׺ʹϲǣϲСǵĺøѻԽߣҵıǮԽࡣ
ڻ˱Ǯ֮Ҫʲôһʱδ롣̶ʮһƶԶ֧ȫԼֻΪ˹øЩűܵת̬
͵ĶҰĸ׺ֳżȾҹ̵дûȱҡ͵ĶƲϹأһ֪Ƿķáֳ̽ʱҶҪĹʮ׼ٲʱʹֳ͡ж棬ύѶб£һһ˵컨׹Ľ־̾
ʵѫң񲻹ڣʮ꣬Ҿ͸ʦѧϰ䡣۳Ŀƽһ֪ЩΡʦֳǰΣֳ˵ʱ򶼱Ȳ㡱ӴҾͱƽӹֳʮϰգ̶ȴƽһȺĸѼֲʲôãصҳһЩ򵥵Ķе⣬ȻӦʡ
ΨһźһǷܶҡźʱֻܳĬҲã˷еֳĸӿһѵõӡʵһжڱġ
ֳԼʱ˵ƲܴһΣļǧĻ£ҲΨһ֪ߡżҹޣҾʹǼֻеճӲܾסĻÿʱǿŻʣζǣ˷ܵҹ¡ʱⱲܹôһΣסӣжá

05

ֻҪû⣬һһֱȥһʼԼṴֻҪС΢Ͱ࣬ڰصˡ
ŵһαݣڻϤֳ׵չ
磬԰ůڣٻʤظҾۼڳͤƼȲɫˮسұƷ˵Цɷ⡣
ֻһ뿪˵޼ɵӳй˼ҵĸ˵ӵܼĻ䣬ͷĸ׵ǶڣСЩһʱźЦŲ⣺ԵǶҪҿǼЩӣŮҪҸ÷ңкȢңҲһҪ
ǾͲĸܣø޺֮ǡֳЦţЩѰͷת뿪
ûרĸܰʯԡܽ꣬ǼֱˡұҲ
ɰ棬Ҫַʲôϱпмƽϣ
ʱֳ׽ڼӣǶһ˼ҵӽ磬ĸҲֱӻɣĸ׵ı׳һҹʱĶŮǽһСΪӡֵܽúһһҲûСŲԶΧֳһţò˵ʵ˳̫ˡ
΢΢ף£ܲĸ֮ý֮ԣȻƾг
ĸ¶֮ɫ˿ʼ¡
Ҫ˵ǶɳÿҲãŸɸû˵˲ţҪһλĴҹ㣬ܹƽƵĲǡ˵Բԣ
æųʯ̧ͷϻһԲԲĴ۾ת˼תȻҪȢ磡
һסܴǱߵֳˣ̲סꡱһ˸Цöᡣ
־ɼΣ־ɼΰ
ԣԺȢҫ鹡
ô˵ɣɱȶɻء
һҶĸסֳӣµѡԲͬ˵ѾвٳȨŮĻ͵Уδжۡ
ҿϲüңк½˰ɣ
ĸ׵ЦۿĬϡﾪæļǧ
ĸ˵һ˵֣ȫ壬Ҳͽֹڴˡ˯ʱԽԽ࣬ĸ֪ˣȴûеơһʱ䲻ܹңҲǶԶӵĲɡ
ҷ׷׵ŹϲҲ߻Ӧĸǵĵ٩ûʲô
ұҲ˵伪ģȴ޷ڡڼʰɣϾҽӣߵĳҵһСˡ
˵ʲôܳҵ䡣
ҿһЩѵؿڣҪˡ
ܴܿȻλվȾܡ
˽һæͷ

06

ĵԱߣͷϥǣһ겻۵С
ֳٿƸףҺɴԼƫĸһЩ˿žͲ̫
ܵʧġıһ£ȡ
Ƶ˸ǵ룬ﵹʺʹ
硣
ţ
ǳ߰ɡ
ҷԺ˫֣Ȼ
æǣûп׼ˡЩʱҲˣҲû˼ףҳˣٻ
ΪҪôӣȴʹӦá
ǵĳǰҪҲҲܵ˼ִӼ͵óǮһ·ԺŵţȻõļл
Ÿףܵˣ±֪ӹһ
̻ʳ극类ѵǡ
ӿˮ˹ȥȴޡҲҪף֪ģ״ͻʹɩһ˯Ҳˣһȣҳˣһ˯
ֳΣӰοûÿʼϻĸߡ
ܿ޺ԶֳõؿҡСµˣôҲһ֣
Բ𡣡
ƽӵġֳͻȻ۾һһ߳£ŹҲȥİɣѹ˵Ǹļһҵؿһǣ˵˵ȥԺ£ֱӰɹͺˣ̫Сӣǵֵܣֲˡ
ǵġ
ţʲô
ҲôףҺһģҲСӣȢ֮󣬻СûôͱǷˣҲᾭ͵ܵһˡ
˵˵ҲҴӲᣬҪ˵类ŵԼĪֹҲֹס
㡪ôҲˣȢӣǸ˶һİιԺҲһģ޴룬һҵļ磬һҵͷһӸҲᡣ
ҲҪףʲôҪֻҪһֱڴߡ𣿡ؿţ ȻᶼԼô͸Ҫúһˡ
籧סңҵͷϡֲĪ˵㻹ûб𸮾סԺᵽͷȥôã϶Ҳụ߶ʲô
ҲҪȥҪ˯ڴҲҪȥ㲻Ҫߡ
ҿ˵ţȻûֹͣ
ҸеЩˡҷҲݣЩδƲԷӦһѳڶ
ûҪߣ׵ĵܵܣҾɸˣҲø߰
ֳһңҽ˵ϿǰԽԽñҡ
ˣĺں
᲻֮ǰʲôļƣֻǽӽȡĽڣ
ôˣҴʲôұҪġĸҲ˵Ȩ֮ҵֵܼ䣬һֱôûκĵطǾҲ׵ĳſ죬ֱƲң⴦ѰԮֵ߸ĵλҲδزС
ҾǲԸãˣԼҲͰԿ
ȻԼҪʲôˡ
ǱȹλȨѵһǧһ򱶵Ķ
ģ˵ҾһӲԲȣܲƱıǮһ򲽽İһ˵Ķʲôˣҵֳͬһ׵ѪҪôȥ˵۹⣿
ɣ㻹ðɣ
ֳҴӻץǰʵģֻܴ²⣬ڵЩͷ
һ΢˵㡣
ֻһԺֵ֡Ҳϵӵܶѣãûеطֵƴȥȡ
ûˣԲ𣬴硣һæɣ·Ϳڸҿ޵ʵ
ѾͺãٿȥҶҪſˡɿȻսң˵ҽȥһˣһվɣ𣿡
ӣ¶ǱΪͬ顣ģϡ
лˣװģع֣漴뿪
Ŀ뿪ǸҹɫӰƽһͿκκһ
һǴұܵͯͯŪеʧˣҪģϾͻá
ҸĿڣ̧ͷ⣬һкǧȷǻǰµĺʱ
һ΢Ҵ˸սǴҹȴô衣

07

ֳ׺ҹβδҲȻϵĳҹμֲ״ʱʪ
ʱŮ֮¼֪ر棬ÿÿֳ˵ʱҲƶǶδҪŪס£еĻ̻ԱҺҲޱ봲ϵġ㼱Ҵȥ
ֳѰңЦЦ
û˷ְɣ
ûһСһаá
֮˻վǰұ֧֧زӣл鲻ѡ
Цʲôߣת˿Ǻ£һĸ˵Ϻúأ
ԭתˡ֪Ϊˣȴ߳ܵغ޲굽ضȥ߱ˡ
˵˰ڴӦȥȴ˸⣬ץҵĸ첲ߣȥõطʶʶ
ֵػ˱̴ӿһۣðɣҪùүͷ֪ˡ
һڡպƽͬҪǷűͳţҲû
һӶûʱ
׼ĳʮּӣҲû֣ıǣֹá
аʱֳͣԸʱӣ̴복һͬתˡ
һĽϣĴţЩ˼֣ɫδ߶ϡ٣ٵһʱ¾ҪַǷˡ
·꣬ҾϵҪȥĶ̻֮أ֮û̫һ·ţվڵԵĹūͼŮסкֳʱһԴǣǵöԷװģЦֳĵطȻ֪ʲôˣԲüͷмȲʡ
ֳһȿµĴǰͣ£ū۾һӭү磡롣˵ǽšǼ¥ĸ裬ҲеҴһȦ֮ƵͷֳȻͣһͱΧˮйͨѾǵĳƺ֪ݣԼ͵ǸֺˬĿ˰ɡֳԼʮµŮ˵һԱڷļѾߣҽŷһŮӹ裬һֱû̧ͷҲǴڨֻ˫۵ϣ˼ޢˡ
֮˿Žһ档
ֳվ˵ܵܣͷˡ
﹫˵ʲôܷģūҰܰλСүź̹̹˵ҲгûԵˣūһҪлءŮ˵ճԳԵЦöȴηǳ
ֳ뿪ǰ˵ʲôѾȫȥֻΪҪֱٶȴ򿪣Ҳ̧ͷվ⣬ɫʮֲãһ΢Цš
ҶŽյľţ·ƽ׵Ĳ
վȥ׽סǸ΢ЦȻһһҵıϣ͹¡
ӣȱɺã
һͷúܿ죬ҪͷſŮ˵
ŮԼĪʮͷͷ߸λεĲҡڶƴЩŮӵŨױĨü㴽ѣɫȴʤ࣬ҲǶ˺϶ȣֻҪܼĨ޷סķظͻأرߣЦգգۣ鼫ģҪγˮҲкģȫȻһַòЩ׼檳ȺΪλҪ¥ݡ
ƽԺĨҷס
ŮǸ֣չ˵ʮܵһνŮ˵壬ֱʪζʮãҲȷʵãӻѹʱֻб
֪ʲôʱʼűֻܶڿҵΪ¡ֳҸÿһƤƽ峺ɤҽ壬ϵءϵھ롭
ҵֳ
ˡ
Ҹո˵ô
ûСŮ˵ĴϢδƽҵ侲Щ
ҺûȥԺ־зȻȺ

08

ֳĸƨ档һҿرܣһҲææ£˹λǸʱĸˡ
ǿջЦȴһֿա޷ǲұ㳣š
ӣĸֲֻҪǳʲô¶еĿֳȿ̫࣬Ҳִò
Գƾũ֮ӣ䰭ڳ͢ҳ֮ǽ֮£㹻Ҵ۽硣ҲԼֱȶƣΣʶĺֹ̾ЩദؿʧҲȨı泩֡ʱҲδԴϵõʲôֻһ·֮ϣнɽ̣ôж˼иھн֮ϣδЦЩʱգеķȷʵ磽˲١ʱѰ˼Զؾ˼еĹģԸδرȥת޷Ǹˣһᡣ
ڣɳƵӽ£˵ʿ񵱽ϱ󸻣һ·ȴǸںرд壬ĺġ˰̫أũ˸ԸԻټ԰ɮūӱܸ˰Ҳ쳣ܻüҾ޷˵ĳǮ˹١Ҳ˿˵˸𣬼͢ӦӲϾδۼ
ת۱Ѿ֮꣬
ֻ֪Ҫȥڽһۣۡʵټ򵥲顣ֻ߾ʱķ룬ٴμ棬һᷢаֻƾ˺ɣӴƽֵء
Ȩã¾𣬴ؾ
ϾֻǰѣһɡΨһֳһؼҵˣڿͷļţϧûѧһݻһ㬵ܿصԼĸԭ̴ӣԵĵĽû˵仰ϲǣȻѹԼܶΣκˣֻΪ໥ӽƵطů⡣㴿ΪһǵܹúһЩҲ˵ն񣬸Ǵ
ȥĸףЩǲŻؼңӵĻȣǹֱܼʣҲöдˡǷѣҽѰļŶ֢ӣһЩ̲֮һĸ͸
޼䣬Щţûرеӡĸׯأ̬ⷬҲ֮УҲδ⡣һ¶ƣ̬ǳ
ֳ̫£Ǹְ೯֮ȴⲻˣҲ븸һҪŴֳδãͬԼۻᣬһЩ
緹תһȦʻãѾ˼ҡĸһһŮŮͬ·ԴλȫȻ׽ֳ֮ǰˡ
й˭ûֳ£ǵ˵࣬ݾ¥Ůӡ
ʵǸ׵ļǳĿֻིܻЩҳ̣²ֵ˵ֳķھȨҲһǰ빧»Ŀ飬˰أͬȢλԱҵŮ檣檶ల¡
Ȼֳ֮ҹεĴûм٣ֻڲҪҰæΡӶþ˽֪ѡ
ͼӴ׵˵УŮֶֻꡣرִҪȢŮӽš
ҲΪھ쵽Լ֮ǰ֪ˣֳķʷûرĸоŮɫһһϷֻһ˲һ׷һЩŮҲɱȴôӵ壬ԶܳΪ޵ĶľѪԵȣ㲻ʲô

09

ҹ븸׼ֵһͬš
һֳҾֵ֪ͨܵաеӼֺûкÿûи󣬳ɼ֮󣬶ЩЩȣȻʵޡܼǳұס
Сһôã뵽ؼҿò˵شҵıȫ֮䡢ֵ֮Ϊһ벻ӵסĵܵܣ㣵µķӦ
аοԼԵֵܳãδصõкԸþˡ
׽ֵܣܸһУ⻹ҴСһһԼġ
չ˵д˼ҵĹأŮ첻Ǽ磬Ҳûôĸ׺ǶŮͬһ飬ûвͷԣǱֳֻܵ˵׳ԷΪҽӷϴŲܶҪ
룬ֳԲѲҪĸٵˡ
µһ꣬Ѿʱˡϯ䣬׶Ȼ䵭ֳҲܵ糬ǰ֪Ƿ˴Щŵĸ
ŰȻĻԹȥ鷿Ҳûȥ̸һûΣֳЩ˼ˣصؽ֮󣬹»ΪŮŮڹڽ¾ӣլӼƫͨƷޣȻûйĴֺ룬ȴҲ¾ֳİϡ
ֳλɩɩѾ˸£ȴֹܲü뿪һߣٴҲŸˡ
˰ɣĸϻһֳָָֻ÷򣬡ҪϸˣǽݳŮˣ۸ĸô˵Ҳױƶ񣬶Ӧ
Цдһ־⣬ܹల¡
֮ǰĸҲ˵ҵ£ԼѾɫÿһֵܽõĻ£ͬķʽǴС֪顣˵ٺõŮˣһҲֻྴˡ
ֳü˸ᣬսϸҡ
ЩζıϢϣĿһֱѲûӴ֪ûκβ˼ȴסÿЩֽȫȻ֪ڡ
Ҳû㲰ô˵ԽԽͷˣͷĵ£
ûУҺܺãҲύ˲ٺѣûôֹŬ˼ڻζ֮ǰεľϣ벻ȥֻмȴܰ಻ס
ôͻȻ˲Ļȣҵʱġˣ仨⣬Ȼˮ飿
䲻಻ԶӣǿЦ㲻֪ʶȤĴˣȻҷԴ
ֳһĴȣ˵ˣһûȤ˭㰡ֻŮǰôһЦָùһ֮͡
ڻָƽˣһʯأסȥͷ亹ĳ嶯
³ϵ£ʵڷĪЦˡ
֮˵ǸŮ˵飬ֻҪ˳ͼһԻ˳سȥ
Ҽûȥ˵ʲôֻרĿ
һƽ˵ɷʱʣ۾ҲŮɫ֮˱ýŲ鸡˫ϵûЩ֢״ȴ˵ϲÿҼŮŮòӮʤҲвұʾøУûһһ㣬ֻ΢Ľӽǻ㱻֪ĶҺ£пĳ嶯ݺݱס棬뽫ҴߣһЩÿÿ쳣˷ܼȴҲڿջõҸＫ֮һһεظܵǱᡣ
ˣԸΪκ飬ǸǶӦҲҪ뾡һа취һ𡣡
˵ʶصԣӦˣ
ûеֻĽҲ˵Եıݣһɽߺ
㱼䣬漤˵ʲôֳ͵嵽ǰסҵƴҡΡֻ֪жңõĵܵܣ
ҵã޲úԼʮʮ⡣

10

ֳϲϵŮӽǶ輿ꡱø߼۽ƸУһʱ࣬ÿһ֮ʱڵƽϯһλ
ֳһִͬʱݻδʼУͽŸ̨ԴʵڲϲӲŵЦֳϣԾüͷֳͷȵҵĶͷЦôӡ
ǵıüͷչƮƮظ˶¥ż䡣
ūһߵȺ򣬼ͷؽСˡ˭ֳ˵ˣūڿŶΣҼȲҲͣڨڨҪߡֳס˵ӣԸȥЩūϲûӴӦţ¥
ɣֵطӵģһ㣬
βΣֻǲϰߡ
һЦҵļ޷޷ξϰˡ˵ĺسգգۡ
ֻЦֵطġ
ż䲢խֳȴҺܽϲ׽ˣǶҡ
ÿСԹӻʹǹÿﶼչλӶ˵ĴͣҲ̣еĺֳӣڵĵطҶġҴԼи뷨ܾолݵĳɷԶġ
Ѿˣ۵ļ˰ɣ޺ġ˸еֵĻҲܹܵܵλãϵõ࣬ҲЩʱ򣬾ͻѵĸǷڶ󣬹ڿҿҵΪԼܹõĹ»ܶ˰ɡ
˵ǳĸ׵Ľ̵ֻʹȻ̰Χֲͬ˶ԼøУ˵·ÿЦӭĸоеá
ǼƥӲ֪ܹԦ֮ԭҰѾϰ˱չ˵ӣݺ۳ҵĿȣϲڳý̬ȻĹʱΧ̾Ŀ⡣
ֳܿˣڶദԴڹȵĹעֻΪööױҲױã޷Ӧ̫նĻڸ֮ƽգֻż黨ǲǷЩծȻٺòĿǰƿһƽ˳Ŀ΢΢ʵ۶Ը׵Ĳ¼ɴδֹͣ´ƣҲԽԽðݡ
ٶ˴ҲƼʻ֮Уʲôֻ߳;
ƾչĽֱֱֳִۣ֮ߴš쿴쿴Ҳŷǰĸ̨֮ϣϲŮѾʢװ
ⳡк赸ЩʲôȫȻ֪ʾϾغȲԹӣǰȴϸֳŮӵ顣
ֳ֪ǻϲŮˣȥȥж٣ҴӲҪֻ뵱ȻذЩŮӿûĿ·ˣΪֳǵ̬ƣֻǶ˱ڴϷ̶ѡദûദλԡ
ʹ˸Զľ룬Ҳóȫĳԣ·ϳûбˣݲµҲŶм϶ӯһߣʱص㣬ʲôǡĪ˵ңĸҲáֵҲáҲãʲô˰ɡ
곡Ϸȴܶ鵽̶ֳȣҲѹھԶаζӳ£ջȫĽۡ

11

ҳĶװ
赸֪ʱ̨ԾŮӣʱѾǰҼŮˣֳȻ糾ƴŮˣòѲҪֳָߣ۾ȴרעİ֮ˡ
ǵģİ֮ˣˡ
ȻҲ֪ʱֳӵһȫȻͬףͷҫڴáԺӵ
ӡŮӯӯ°ݡ
Ҿ񡣡վˣʵ˾塣
ŮڿڶЦȥֳ˵˾ʲôֳҲĻȻͨ죬ֳЦ§ڻУ΢΢漴˵ֳУŨ⣬һʱˡ
ҴšлŮǹӵܣ΢漿ʹŲԣ֮УȴȻ̹ϣԹȡͬ顣ֻɢŸ䣬ĽעΪܹһͬǧա֮󣬲ճɾһɢһδ档
Ůӵ͵˵һֳңɣѾѷᣬȴζɺţʵڿգ
г֮Уʱգ׵¡ΪδһҶȻ
Щ辭˼˳شӿ·һˣר˾õܵܡְ֮
ֳϽлŮӸǸм¹򡪡δ֣ˣȷٺòĴ֮·
лӡ
ľڵġõܵܡæȥ
ҵ𣬿𣡡
û䣬ֳѽ˲뻳С
ֳԵռҴû
һˣˡ
̫ۡ޷ף޷̡
ҸǣֳӵŮЦݣĲҡ
һ·ϿԼտҲ˫֣յķŭ뼵ԭ
֮ӣǰ̸󡢽졢֪ȫûжŮϥʲôûУΪʲôֻҪĥ˼룬Զ޷һ˿һֻ֪ӵһҽнԶҲǸ߸ȥģ֪Բܣʲô˵ʲôͼӿþչܴɡ
˭־أԼҺαԿࣿ
ɣһϣҳܱҵĹӡ
ĸװɣգˮ©ᣬһġ
ǸװɣҲŲʣܶܵõֻ»Ұû˶࿴һۡ
ǰɣÿĶҺãҺÿֳֳֻֻܸ
Ψֳֳûдֳʲô֪ܶҵ˼׳ɼĴһ׵ӹˣݵĴһ¥輿סŮӵĴ
ֳӦɾģϵĲǱǿͿĨȥɫֳ޹ءֳӦǰʣʱҵ￴⡣
ΪֳһҪЩ۵İۼøɸɾ

12

Ůǳ˴ֲ
һ£ֳ븸뽺šΪ˶ֳŵ˾ű߼ʵعһ֮⣬Ҳһ˵͡ǲ̲Զĸ׿ûɶ㲻ϡ
ֳҲڸǰ΢ᶥ£תĸףĸϴʾܾǸǼȰת⡣ûʤ㣬ֻǲϷȥŮסĴࡣ
ҵȷš뿤ǰεڵӤֳֻڷ䵱̽ӹʱ䶼ȥ˽֪糾ֶռ谮ŮˣĻԹ޵Ů֮£أѻ̫á
ͬʱҵĻҲĸײٳ֮½УԷǻҵŮѾƸֻʮ顣ûмԷֻΧ˵ǵݼ汸Ĵҹ㡣ŵڳģֻ֮ӸĸţҴɲضδı֮Ρ
˸磬÷ѵߴ硣ս룬ҴææܽҴûɫ׳
̱ڶң۾֮ɫƺĳķ
֪̳ˣʲô¡
ˣˡң񣬷˵ͬһ仰
Ⱥȿڲ裬˵
ҵ˲ѵǰ˫ֲŽӹֱ֭볤ϣǲ㣬̣Ȼ
Ҳ׷ʣϹһյԲǰ
ɣҡô죿ſڣһ˵ʹ˿ǻ۾ҲѸͨ졣׽סСһңζҴûм˱顣޷͵ûпܣҲ˫۱סҵͷ𣬲ǰһоʵ
嵹ҵĻУ˳ҲûܰҸĳΣЩҿҰĳֻбļȻ⵽Ц룬ɱѡ
ۣӵİٰζȣϲɬᣬ־壬飬Цޡڵһ֣Һûб˿米ҽš
һģǻᱻųնô죿˵ô죿
ųĵｫҴ˼
һ˲Ϊˡ
ųն
رסң˵û˼ȥǼ¶ȡ

13

ǰӶһѾ͢Χ߶ûʹ֮𣬺ԭǺӶϸһЩŮӳ߸أɫΪնػߺ»ͼ߷ʵȨʿֳƺѡΪӽ֣;дԼµ֮ϡֳúͿ벻ǵйôһ£ϣȥꡱҹ֪Ƿ龹ʷİ̽У˲ãǱȥ
ɣֳŵɫҲ˲ϳԷϽؼңԸ˵˭֪Ѿϳ˼Ҵܵ
ʵ۶Ը׵Ĳ¼ɴûֹͣ׽ѱݶһֳ֣ײ˵ȫҶҪԸ֮۴
һʱҲû⡣ıĸûйûֱͨ·ȥ⣿Ǹ׳Ѷ෽Ҳ׶༪١
û취𣿡
ֳεĿ⽥תΪʧſϵ֣صڵϣһţֱסͷ
ôû뵽û뵽ġҸ
˵οĻֻľȻ顣
ƽĶֳۣдһáҲֳ㣬ҲľұɱˣҲ֪ȥʲô˼Ұ㲻ûа취Ҿʹߣƽպˡ
ֳͷʵӣŨصĵ״ôһˣûа취ƽյӰɣ
հգȿ黹תѯΡ
鱻ʲôʱ£
̧ͷ۾һƳ硣Ǹ˵ٲþͱ֣ͬһͬ׷ϣ˼УϳԷʷˣȴˡ
ԭŮ˻е𡣾ôȨȴֳֻ֪òһ۹ã
ӽʷˣ
ûУ׷Ͻɱ˺ͬ飬ҲǴˣӡ
ǴӳġꡱһֱϽҪܾȻķʱ䡣
ʲôʱ򣿡
̫ǵˡйϵ𣿡ֳ
Ѳʱ˭Ĺ뷿֮£ҳȻУúһ롣
ֳɪһ£ʹԴһԼĪʱ˰ɣЩʱ̣ŵġұ׼ϳ
ΪȸŮ糯ˣ治ǶӡһصͷȴĵرѾȥˣӦ
û˵꣬ʣȷԷֻһˣ
ɿͷ
˿˾ҪŶҲѾˣأҲǽ롣㳽ʱһ㼴ʷϳ黹пΪ
Ǽûȥʷ
ˣ˵һϢ֪
˼һ£ȥſڵȸ³˵ˣذסʷȥʷ̨߻ظ
ΨΨͷ
糯ûЪһҳȥһ¡˵ߡ
סҵӡȥ
ƨɡ
뵽飬ǵһͶϣǻŭʧӰ٣̲סȥ
ģҲᶪ´硣
Ȼûлرųıֳػˡ
ǿЦЦҾ֪οˣϢ
仰벻ǳģڻһ뿪ɣ
С֮ĶȤ޿ɾҩ
ذ˵ϻҷſ߬ס˫֣ȭ
ֲͬӣһ뿴ࡣֻΪԸҲҪƴһս

14

ȿۡλСͱֵܽԶӵԶ˵ϺѵĴڣڵһʱֻһС˵ӡ
λȸ׵һٽʵ۸ǰĵλȴߡԶҴ꣬ҼֳȣҲܸࡣ
δͨʹңŴ̱ǵҩζ˴СͳҩҲ˵ʲôֻ֢ŮźºҩҲȣֻǺƽؽ˵뿪
Ҫ˵꣬üë۸У׹˰һΪֻŪ˵Ķӣ˹Ŀ࿴
ʵ۶Ըײ¼̫أҲֻܺ͸һӡ
һõ躹ޣ
ᣬҲûа취
治άʲôԶϵصҪæֵˣ˵ֻ֮Ҫһ֪ǿЦ鱻ȥҾ븸׳汣ԵĻһЩس
ҡͷɡ
ɴۣϢ忡˷ܣҪֶ̫ˣҾһ֮
˵ûġûصһۣı棬ûʵۻֻʹֳһôʵ۶ɣһȥҽᵳ·һ
׹Ǳݵģ²ûʲô˵壬̫ˡԶںص
˼򵥣ЩҸ׺αսսˣʵ۶Ը׵Ĳ¼ɣǴӴµĸԴڳңһ룬Ҽңȴûκνҿԡ
ԶͷңȻһЦȻƶϣ벻ʲô⣿Ŀȥ棬ȫûһıģҲϰˡ
ȵǱ·һЩȨ󣬳浯׵ĸӼԽԽáʵϲ³ȫȻԵͲ
Զһеõµˮ©ʲôӼԵ
ʬλزͣӲϣɫԣǿռǿŮЩ±಻ôһ˶ʮ״ԶĿɿڴ
ĸĿתɣ
ʷ̨ٹһףƾʵݵ٣տڰ׻Ķ࣬ʵȴԶٲЩˡ
ðɣȥ͸˵˵ܲƽࡣ
һʵۻΪǼҽᵳҲҪһˣͬʱɵĹԱ֮Ҳ൯Ҹ׵ҲŽȥͳɡʱеɷ磬ҺҹڦҲص˭رɺޡ
⡭ⲻǳԱû¸
ʣÿԱ֮󣬻ʲô¸ô
ǵҲûСԶٺһЦֵ˵Ǹʷ»˭
֪һʺûɡ
룬ҲʶҲ˵
Ҵ̽ȴô¶䣬ֻ˵Ҫ˭ˣ֪֪Ҳ𡣡

15

ӳδʱõ֮ɵϣ;ٴŽǣʷ̨ƼլۡڶߣΪݣӦ߶š
ҵʱ򣬳򿪣İ롣ãسǵľʿͨʾʱʱסѯʡ
ҲȷԷûиװݣֻСĲ鿴˼ˡʱһߴһСŮ½߰أҽУֳ˵Է˵òȴȫȻˡ
Ҿһѣڶ˺档
һһС˺ü䣬ʷ̨ԽԽԶҾ»ȥ˵ǰһ̣һƧСͣ
ǽǣŴŮ˵˼仰ͳŮԸؼҡ
СŮȥʱͷ
СŮ߳ڣҺȻ֣ͷĿۣϽʱưܿշйš
ָһߣСŮ̼СҿʼСŮ
ѵһ룬ŲҷɿСŮĲݶС
ôˣߡ߿ţȣײײؿ
СŮֻǲϿߡ˻ƵȴԹʵô£
СŮٶȷС
㡢ޣҰ㡢㡪ߡϣ϶˵ڸĿ޺С
⺰컯֮£˵ڡߡͷһơ
ߡ̧ͷң˹ȥСŮϡ
СŮͷ䣬˵֮½ҽҪԼ·
ȥɣһͷ͹١´ȥ벻Ҳ˵
СŮŵɵˣ˵ŵͷȻײײܵ
ڡߡԱ߶£ֻлʯȻα뺣ѱȫڰҵǷͰ͵չһԱԼٷ⽮ֶ漰㡣Ҹıٵĳԣ֮һսС
ߡȻԣҶִδ˹ޱ֮»ѣһʱ£׺˺¶һΪĲ԰ӡˣΪԶ˵ʶˡ
빫ٽΣֻԶԶʷԶľۻУƼҳ˵λλƾΪӣȴǲػۼĵܵϣʧȻ⡣Ҳͬ㳣˵޷һЩ㲻ǵӣҲҪһɾ͸֮ࡣ
˵ϺУȻʶ͸鷳Щת뿪䲻һֻ׽סס
ݡηʥ
ȻȻͷ׽Էһľ㵡
ϳңô㲻ˡ

16

ؼҵ·ϣҽ˫£Уⲿʱʱذױ֮ʹ粻ϴϣ̲סͷȫ£ʮСģ·°Ьϣմ˼Ѫ
һĸо⣬ûпںЩˡ
ǵаӣ鱣֮Ȼأ͵ȥɼѾáһӲ飬ʷỳɵҼ
Żʬǰ죬һû߳ӱ㱻׽š
ﻹǻᱻ֣Ӹһʱ̶ѡʱ䣬㹻Ϊǿ
Ҵ⣬н·ߣʹȥ
ûйְֻΪڳȺܾãø˵³ȴδϲʱõ˴
ʥЯҽȾѪذװýչܣӶԷŹֵߣɻ¹ڣñ㵽鷿
ڵܯǰ¹
ֶμꡣ
ɡþòװҲˡʵȻɽӣ˲٣ų֮ϣΪ죬ѡ
ɢٵģһʮҪʵۣδ꣬ҲûϮʸ˳żеļ֮⣬ȷʵټʵۡڼϣռĿģȻҲλĵճ
վԪʢֶ֮г˼£ռ֮ʱԽвʤϲ
ЦһֱʵΪ£
ҿͷֹؿͷ
ʲô£
ֶɱˣ½
ְ˾ʲôʵ˿ûԲ֪⣬ֻܵԭ׼˵ǡ
ֶ֪޿գвҲҪµԭί
ðɣ˵˵
ֳǰڳǶŽ˴һյƣ糼ֶȥȡߵ·ȴ˺ȡֶϹȥѹһСϣй֮£ֶߣǰֹн˴ˡ˶ֶȻеүʷˣ㾹ҹ£ֶһʱ̲סҲԼļűϣ˹Ц˼仧ҼҴұңʲôҶ˵ҼʶԳ͢Ĺʷѵ۾ϣӹݲɣ˵ǵ⣬±㽫ݶø˵ֶƴҪж١
ҽ˫־ٹͷ¹ٽӹȥ֮ʸʵۡ
ҵͷO@ֽŷ
˵ʲô
ҹ֧᲻ԡ
㵫˵޷
˵ܹʹֻҪƴ˽ⶫ£֣ڻ£
ȥ걻ı棬ûųնʵǻʵʰвݣ䲢֪ڹнʶһѴ鱦̣빬л¹ٽſڿӡ
Ȼʵһ˽
ּ
š
¹δ߳ţֱ˻
ʼշڵϲеʵ۳Ĭãжʱѡ
˵ȥˣ
購ֶҪ購ֶĸף¶ֶޣ㽫㽫һɱˡڼ鿴
ʵһԲҲ̧ͷ̫Ѩͣ鶯Ǽζȴܰҵֺ
ޱʱ䣬ʵۻصװѪǺ£Ҳɹڳ嶯
ҿͷ򣬵ֶڲ½̻壬ֻ֮ٱ
̧ͷ
ԣʵ۾ֱӣʱη壬ɵ˻ϲ˹ڱ˵Ŀ⣬Ĭʮͷȥ
ʵۺȿڲ裬ǰֽд˼ֱֱ֣ߵۣſҲҵ˵֪Ȼȥɡ

17

صңֳſڽǲһЩɼȵˡ֪ȱڸеĵܷܵžʲô˼ȻӦԡ
ɣôˣ׳ȥڵֳӭʵ
ȻҪǰסʷû˻ҺѾݲˡ
Ӧԣľƣǰ˵ߣȴԶûЪϢĵط
ûгԽĬĬ߻طڱҼȻͷҲû׷
Ȼ׷ģײǴĿҪġֵпˡֻеƹߵôԶСӡ
÷컹ڶҷԸңȾѪۣһͷ
ֹסɪ
ҽɱˣƭ˻ʵۡȷʵ£ҲǴδľʾסܹѲĻҾͿԺúÿԼˡҲδʱ˳İ취еͨЩжͨ벻ûм̳мҵĿܣҲһҪһӸֳΪܹƼıӰ㡣
˷ƣһȻ˯˹ȥ
ʶתʱպһ죬˵ŸԸҪ˯뿪
ϴĵܼҹұصһ˯ñգ֮˵׵һš
Ҵ⣬ת֪ʲô˼˷֮Ȼ
ˣӶ뿪ټֻʣҸӶˣǴδйľ󣬱֮Ҹо̡
׶ƱɣΪ㡣˵һ
ҾٱӭЩǿĬĬ¡
Ҫپ˵ԸҸơ
һ㶣εЦ˿ھͷ±ӡ
Ϊ֪ϤҲɱټˡ
ûнɣ
ף׷ΪĽ޷ٺֳݵף˼¡
»ʵԭ룬Ŀǰ˵Ҳƽ˿ʷأ
ּɵйǽˣ˷ӣҲδװȻһЦȫȻƽպʵӡ
ҺжͣǽĿ¶ͷô
ͺáҾ罫ЮڰǷұԷͿ죬οһδʵڶûˡ
ҿԸе׺Цעӣ⡣ûҪõأЩΪңҪֺ
˵ϣ׹ǳ¼ȴīɫ£ǵõԼȥġ֪Լ뿪ȥǲǣ˵ĽĶӡ
ܺãֶһʵĵطҲֵøôа⡣
ܶ˵ʵ۵ĸ״СϲҸףܰø̫ȽϣÿضԼӲԷǵûʵ۴СҸס̫֮ӰҸʱȵҲżʣʱûڳסҲ塣ǰ̫ڣѹסʵ̫ۡǼ꣬׸еùԾ˻̫ްȻʿһȴѾô׽ѱһβûʵƲѡ
ҲΪйľ׺ĸɽֳһҷҲ͵˼ɺޡ֮Ҳвһ뷨˰ɡ
׿Ҳ˵Ϊ֮ǰĴصվߵᰴҵļΪ֪Ϊֵزǰ㲻ãΪĲǡžƽӹҺԸΪƴĵܵܣԸһֱЩպңҪǶˡ

18

˫ɢͭܵζסѵĳ嶯ҵͷص޲ǵĸĸǧҪֳǺΪ׾ܷġ
һΪνԣǻ֮ƣ޶ݣܲթҡ䱣֤Էصλ£̸Сʱ¡
Ůʵ̫࣬Щ֮ûһҺ֮䷢ģûҪװȤš
Ҳ֪Լ̫ΰ󣬻ǽҿ̫ɡѾô꣬ҪƸ飬Ҷδܹܣοֻô֮󣬲ſʼĹʾá
ȻҪݣҲݣ˴š
ĭɵ˵ʱȥ׽飬лع飬һ¡
ˣã
Ǹ輿Ȱ뿪ǣӴ
Ӹ׵еɱ⣬Ϳóû˵򵥣뿪ǵģǸ˰ɡ
ϲ᲻ᡪ
ǸܼԼǳ£Ѿʰ̯ӣҪ𣿡
ǡ
Ҳ˼ʣ᲻ģԹܶá
ֳҲһӴûǸѷŮˡ
ҲһֻԱ߿ȽϺá
ʵگʹֳ֮󣬳һϳ׹סͬţɴӶԻʵ۲ڣǧٹ֡ĳһջʵ۽Ȩٽд磬˵ЩӦģڶ֮ĳ滰·ԻҵġսȻֹ
ڸףʵ۷ǵûинһγѲ֮ʱְܵ𽻸˵е̽Զ׼׼вУδ粨
Ǵ¼ڼеĵλҡֱϣӶ˽һԵĴõģԭ࣬ò˵ĸ׼ңСֻÿЦԶֳŤŤȸмΪԸҶ׽̬Ȥ
ĺ£飬ͬʱҲԶȢšҷʾ޷ƴ檣ڳӲϼ֣Ҹֹ֮£ݽΪߵĳŮϣ͵УҵĲҡ
ҲǲܱŮˣŮʱҲܺáλԸ񲻲ҲǣҲδر۳һǷദǢ
ֳںԺ˲٣ڼҵʱû¾鷿дֵ֮֡ļ棬ϼҴڣ˵Щʹļҳ̡ž޲й׳־ģҲʲôҪƴλ˳òĶԶҲòԳɼңϲΪԴסбµٹһ꣬һְӹµһˡ
һûеʮ꣬ľȴѾ˲ˡ
ֻҹ˾ͥԺʱҲŸҳ϶ĿûֹͣһʵǰӹµƽִħϣԶ޷ɢֵҲûн˵ڵĳ嶯ֻĵ°֡ʱҲʵԼûνİֻΪ޷ˣŽܵõӦֳˮ˼Ľ֤Щʲô
ҹߣҲ룬ǲֻҪйϵĽӴһ˼̰ɢҲֻѣܳ档
һֱȵعȥݲڵ黳ʹˡ

19

ʱԽԽȺˮεϮԱ豩˰أ񲻿ũ˽ҸͶ𣬻ʵ۵ĽɽƮҡҡУȴʼһ·ĳѲפضǾʦ򱱵ĵһǣԵǰ򿴲ʮҪʵøפش˵أ˵Ϊ˷ѾϮʵȲڳѲֲĳھʦѡ
û뵽ǣֳ游׵ִﶨûã㴫ʾصϢҹΪԭΪȴޱºԭÿ궼ҪԭӣԴȵ֮Ѿʮûս¡깱Ҳϸ²Ÿո˹ȥ˭û뵽ǻʱ˱͢רĶԸ棬߷䱸ɳڣԷͻȻΪ
Ȼһ֪֣ϢѾʮǣƾʦ
Ȼ˱ǿ׳սʦɭϣȻֵܹáؾȴֻһ֮ףȵս͵ʵگ˱֮ʱʧˡ
ȹϵϣ븱ּ飬ں¡Ԯ֮⣬Ҳֻܾĵȴѡ
Ϊ˱չľģҲɵϱŵĳ¥ءƽվͶˣһոǸмʳԴԴ͵УҸжҲ׷״Ÿسǡ
תۼ䱱ҾѵҴӱŵĳͷȥĿʿͷľսζԷνܱճǲоҪǣǱ㲻ʯ顢㵹ˮݽ˻䡣
ǰɱһ˱̻̲գ񽫵ǳǵı˿Ѫɣǵûһ㺦£пòˡ
һִ˶Էһιƣת۵ľʿ꣬׼ȥϢߵǰŵһҴܹУӿǳȥǴˣߺ߽Ҹס
Ȼæתͷš
ȻգϳͷһҾŵĿԼ٣ڵгͻɱˣȻֳ
ҼæһУξʾУξӽӷûã˾ڳ½˵ͷǸҲͷǸ֪ǲɶӹسǣԼ̰ģȿȣ޳֮Ӵŭ͡ʹٸȥˡ
Ҷŭ˵£ʵעĿս£пն롣оԱ˫رڱţĲ£ýֳ԰ȫţ벻ȴ˶Էĺòϡ
ŵȷʵֳ࣬ȥҷʿ¸ս֮һɱ֮£ʤ㡣ۿֳ䣬Էһװն£԰ȴҾսˣԭս֮ԽԽԶǸٹȥһɽȣҾթִҪͣ£ֳսﻹ˵һ׷ȥ

ҵ˶ʮ棬Ǹ
˺һǡҪ¥
ȥô˵ϳ¥һδߵݴ㱻ץסֱֻۡЮʣɱ׹ǿԴӳ顣
鲻ɣͺ̸׳Ͷ
ɲ˶ҲҪ붨ǾûеġǳصؽȱȽǣӻؾ෣ٺаҪԻ֮ʦ
ۼȻӿ֣ŷסǽվ
ߣ
£Ŵһ϶һȣʮɳ۳ǣ漴ա
ûãԶԶǰʶ֮ƣҿо̲סһ¡ڴˣһؿҪ㡣
Է˴˫̫࣬ӻǿͶɡ
ֳŭȣģСүҲͶбǰһս
ҾЦһߴ˲ǰëֵõԶ֣ԭĸУ
˵ıһ˳ǹֳʹӵԳԷֳʽ鶯ȻЩӮ棬ʮ֮䵽·磬ֳֻٵ̶ԷСǹסǹϣۿҪֳȥҴ󼱣乭׼Էȥִ֮׼ͷѣֻû˶Էϱۡ
˰һоδ֣Ҿɧҡ
ɣ
ߣ
ǡ
Ҿ֮ǰѾʼܶͼΧֳӡ
Ŀѣŭǵ𣿻ܣ
һ޷أֻøſ񱼡
Ҿ׷ٲס֣´׼µؼߡҷңǣؿڣߴһ׹
Խ󺧣æ鿴ҿ׼ĺٷһС
ʮҲʩΪ׷ɣҵĹƺڱţһʱʱҡ
ʱ±ʿѱһ֣һˡҾһſʼ׷·һ̤ʴǽӦ˫սо֮ϢеһǱӣر
գҴҴҳˣ˳ǽģ́˻вһʱǡ
ֳ˵ˣأڷ鴦֮ȥ̽һۣͷתǽڡ
ڲ֪Σ᲻̫
վڴǰֻܿĺ봩Űɫµļ򣬻õŭԸѹ֣̲ס䳰
תͷԭ޷ڽսҲȥһأ֮ǰ鼱ҵڲŷ֡
Щڼ˯ŪôǱ
ɣ㡭ˣɫֻ֣̿Ǿʮ־㵣·ҶԵɱֵùע࣬ҿ˸Ƿŭ
Լȥˣƽ״˵оûһ㲻𣿡
ҡֻǱͷ
˼򵥵ļ͸ûӣ
֪Ǽ˲ܹ࣬ǻˣͷ㲻˳Ц
ôıƽ׸㵱𣿾ụ̂ܿɣ֮ǰ˵ӣ̸ֽУ浽ٵУȻôƶʶƣҿ㶼Ҫһء
ŴңֻҪһ˾ԶҶȥٹ˲ó֮֮ϲضѵ⡣
ʿƴȥģûеõǨͣǾһƽϧϵ˥Ȼɳı飬Ҳߣ
ɡ
㲻Ҫңôˡ
ҵĭȻֹΪ͵סҡ
ѽ˵ˣҴ˻𣿡
ϴǳ¶ˣҲңʱս־ϧشµ׶һζ壬ڶԴĺӡֳʮˣֶܵ˵ֻôȻʵ֪ӦĪֻϲ⡣
㿴ţɾ㡮ġͦãҪ
ûлȥԡ±ãĳȴѬĸɾζ·߰׹ž֮һ㽫죬ӦøеɣƫƫҲһͷҪؽ䡣
ͷ̾˿
Ҳֻǵ㡣
ҶҶģ´ξԾ˼Сظҵļ磬һݵӣ˵ʲô
ˣţߡôˣ
ͻȻʹ顣
˵ĵطˡ
ҸϽɻȥ˴ȷްѱӸǺá
ٺ٣Ƕˡ۾һֹǡԸİ취Ҳá
ƲƲ죬뿪䣬һֱĻǶˡǶˡ

20

ûãʵοʹͶʿٸȥй˵ʼĩʰ׼̣ȴӵһšҹȾһ𡣼Ȼʥ޷УױǲοʹʵɡοʹѶǰ̽ʱʺգֳοʹ뿪ַһ߰ߵĺ
ظ·ϣֳﲢΡһΣ˵װİɡ
üô
һԸ׻е⣬ظд󹦣δˣ׹ȥ²Ҹֱ˰ɡ
ţҲͨ£
ֳ޵˵ҵļ򡣡ɺԶҪãǱߵĶ򣬲
֪װɵЩεЦԶҲδͨˡ
һۣ̾ҿװҲǳ֮ơ
Ҹ͵ţ취¶Ը׵Ĳ¼ɲźá
ҵͷǰ˫۱ӹ룿
Ǵ⣬Ҫ˵Ļˡҡҡͷı󶯡
һȥ
ɳ³
***
븸ּڸ񣬾ʿҴææ˵կڳ⼯ᣬڽ
կȺţһ֮ͽХ۶ɣĴ⼸߼СءΧˣѾأɽСǴأǸ߹֮ǰܱңʢԷ㲻ǧں֮ڣĿŵϮҲ
ǿӮռ˰˾ųɣۿֻҪȥµļ˻Ƹһʱ̾нݱشȴϹûһױײײ˵ƸԷһۺʮ֮ն£ҴȥǧȻڡ
ƸɻʵһΪ˧ʵӣҼҲ˽˸Ҳ˸УֻǹֵնǾȫˣ
ױԷԣ˷ǰֻӱһ
Ŀⶼϡҿף΢һͷ߽ȡ˹ϣսױȵ
ɣ
һͷ
СЩʧݣδ½Ӧֳ˵һЦ۾Ρ
һȣصͷٱֵЩɵһαսЩţ˾Цݡ󲽳ȥʱ֪ĵصӴ䲻ʵǽţ
ϳ¥鿴̽ͷԶɢɢżʿһ״󺺼һƥɫĸͷڳſȥʱУ϶үүһ¶ֶΣ
;죬һǻƵɤȷɡ
¬磬лˣ
Һ³¥ؾǣһ¬˫š
Ц¬磬㲻ʶˣ
¬˫Բɡ㡭԰
ҹֳ֣գգۡûһû뵽ڴ˵ټ¬ɩã¬˫ǵʱʶĺѣӶ˽ʿȻհܣʵʽᷢĽ
ͷҺܺãҲõúܣϸֻˡأû
ʵˣһ־
ģҪһŮޱˡֻҵļʣϲòˣ
ԿЦȻûСҪȻ᲻һ
ʱΪ̹ˡǲȻΪԷŮӣҴӦ˹֮գϲ͵С
¬˫԰οֻõоһȣأӣҼҴʲôүүһǣ
εߣƺһԳر°ν¬˫еĴ󵶣СԷæٴطת󣬴󵶱˷λպýסȥ·뵶ײĽű֮ңԷҲУʹ߷ֻһһأһУѪֱʱſԷǸ꣬ʱѪֻ֣Щ͡
Ҳˣһڣæ˺ս°ΪˡڷʩΪ
Ұϣ֣Բס
ԻЩľȻص¡
¬˫ЦֵֹȻ
ʣ磬ʶ
ǰҳ԰ֵܣеһܱɺǸ
ŶҲǸɫһתͷ˵ô˵㣬Ҳûʲô
һûش¬˫˵ֵܣݵܵǸֱӣһԴ
Ц˵޷մ
׵ҽ١ҷˣկɣ
¬˫ͻȻһ㲻˵Ҷ¸ˣ
صʲô£˭Ӯ˭͵կ˵ųӻ֣ˣǿɣ
¬˫ֱץװԵģ
ɦɦͷٺٵЦȻѴ¸Ժ
¬˫˵ֵܣװڶйְܲǰװҳǾǺһȣǴ̵ġ
̾˿ЩȻԸˬϲʱʵ̫ÿҲԸʹʵǺװ֮Ǳ
Ҳ֪ҵýϱֵļ·ɽϿ˸ӣ׼ɱķ˭֪û죬˶ׯң˭ϴ˶öװӣ˵ྴ˱ԼһᣬһλӢ۳ɶģԼˣд֮˭ʤͷ˭կկ
ʣ¬Ҳ뵱կ
Цկʲôֵܵϡֿɿܴܣ¬ôҪġ
¬磬ļĶ֣
ڹկǱߵ£˳ÿһ䡣
λѣҲĴ乭һ֮˵ͷһҲûȥ·ֽ˵һм֮˵۴
ʱѾһƬ֮˲׼æתӡһŸ䣬˴һסŲϺš
ҽ಻µ¬˫٣ȻҪʲô
پװ
ҷʣȻǽҳʲô
԰װ˵ʲôһ鲼¼бСϵܣɰƭת¬˫һߴԹһҵıȴϲ
Ҳƭֻ֪ǹٻӵܣͲԸˡ
˵ҲǣЩ˲¹ͷĻ׹ݣҺ޲ýǶ࣬Ҫ֪㾹Ȼ֣ĶӣôҲҪúҪƽ
һЦٳֵ䣬¬˫ɫ̹Ȼҡֵûɶ˵ģСϵǰٸȨ󣬻ô
һ˵һ年̲סûǣңֺηһ˽

21

¬ϴ󣿡
կȺӽ̽ؽ¬˫æ֣ҿϺˣ˵ҫؿ˵һ̾űһһл飬ʱ׻ᣬͷʿ̽üΣҸԸǸ״ԵЩ׳ʿǹѣѽ⣬Ҫһٻת˵վͺһկӸĽӦ˵կȺ˵õһԣҲͲ֮ˡ
һȾƳ⣬ύЩѣǿյ¬˫֪Ҳܶȣ˽ڸ֪˹Ȼʮָˡ
̸˵ף֪֣ضʩģֻɱ̰ڶȷʵ޹֮⡣
ɱռ֮Ŀ֪ԡ벻ɳȻ࣬δлӦȴԳ֮ɫûٽɫ磬ǡ
һͷ졢ǽᡱ첩ҳһ·ģ˿ü¥ĵط첩Ȼʣ֣Ƿдԣ
ղԱţйˣ̸ʿȷ˲ͬСش׳ΪһЧ𢡣
֪𢣬˭𢣿Ŀʧ·
һ仰תͷ뿪ٿıӰֿңæ˸Ҿһ񣬾ʹҴҸȥ
ԶԶͿֳڳͷⲽҼӿ٣¡
Ŵʱܵǰû°ɣ
û£ֻ˵ơ̴ӣС
Ҿ֪㲻µģͷؾ˵֮Ʒ˶ԷͷĿüŵƨ֪Ҿ͸ˣˣ˵˸߲ңۿһ
ҺЦעֻţôɰޱȣƴסͷֵĳ嶯
Դӻ˱֮ҵ̬Ⱦͱࡣ֮ǰп޵ĵܵܣͻȻ˾ӢۣûСۣؿңʱʱ¶ľ⣬ʵʱãʱ޴롣
֪¶â׽ǲǲѹôã
ֳ֮⣬Ҳڿţ޷ڰ㣬ȷҶֳûκ˺֮ģôԽɫԽӾûùȻҲп鲢ôӵģҹǵ̫ࡣ
ĸȥȾˣԺٲɧŶ˶԰ɣ¿ˣֿŵҵ֣߸ַȥ
ţϷܣζӳ£˵˼̫࣬ǰλ̫١

22

˼ӣֳֹڻŵ飬קظſڣæӭ˵͢ʹˡֳһۣöȥʹѾطϢݵĸ׵̾
缲ߵǰʣ˵ʲô
׿һۣȻͷ˷˲ȥйµʧ˵Ͳסԡ
ŭΧûеϮѲҪøˣɺȥдд
һס죡ʥ⣬๵أ
ʣôҪȥ
òսȥˡҲһֱ˵岻𣿱ҽʹһͬǲ˵һ·ҡ̾Ȼʲôʵկôˣ
ҿɫʱ˲õԤУֻõǲ޽֮ģһͷĿڹм֮ԵѼ䣬Ǳȥˡ
º룬ܻկĵˣ౨£ҲǹһΪͲسˡ
ֳһۣףЩǶɵѣɱҲΪ˳رӼǡ
ǹķֱ磺볯͢ԣ棬˵ûӼ˵ֿңɣȥƽկҪٱ
ЦЦͷβûΡ޶ĸףѣ֮񣬲¡
̵صЩȻ书ǿս˷Żɽٱ鲼ӣǧ㹻ˡ
صͷãȥǧΪ
ֳץҵֱۣţɣ˵Щѣ
ݣСҴ壬Ტۣ
ײסףֳغȥ
׶˵׹ǲػɱѧ
ҹǣ˳ֳסȥ
ֳŭδҲһۡ
磬Ȩ֮ơ
һȨ֮ƣҪȥ˸պȹƵѣղŶ˵Ѫӣֵýύǿջ𣿡صûб£һֱǰ̧ͷڸˣбµ˶壬һܣ
ǵһαǵ֪ͨӦ
ҷ㶵ĵͻأشԾ£塣
ȥģһſס
һ˦ûܹңصȥɽ֪ͨˣñĹε׬ˣԩ
׻ġ
ȥܣҺˣߣֱۣһӴҳʹ֣ǡ
һ׷һ̲סЦԷȫʶˣȻΪôֳʹ³çı㶼ɿҾʮֿɰɰڻ߽Сдţʱ̲
⿪ҵͷǰ
ЦʲôΪɽķλƹͼһ
ΪЦΪҡͷô鷳
ʲô
չɽ֮ǰø׸ıͼɡ
ҵ˼ɫԻֵʣղΪʲôֹ
и⣬ܹ˫¡
˫ܣ
ҵʹһһ㸸ãʵҲǹӡΨһķʲôҲ֪ġ
ֳһĬĬʾʾܶΣǲʣԴУʲôӣ㲻Ҳ˵Ҫӳ𣿡
ʹ˷һҪȥʵ۵ģһױز⡣ƣֻȷ˶ѡ䲻ȴǾ񣬸׸ԴУǰ֮ƣ֮
ֳοЦô˵ͷֻѶѰɡ
ҵҲȷҪ¡ǱȴգҸڽ֮Ϲܰ£ǱǶʮԱ󽫣ǧĺ֮ʿ
ֳעңβŵһִĵܵ𣿡
֮Աǡһִңֻ뽫Һɴѡ
Цвûипʹܳɾʹ£һ죬ֳ˫۲ڰγǡԸݳ֮ʧʧװ¾ɵ£Ҹȥ


23

ѶȻˣǵü뾩
һʱӦʲô
ĸ׺ǻﰡŵˣֳ٩ԼɫȴòˣЦҲ
Ҵʲôʱ򶼲ǵǵġ˻ش𣬿ȴǼǴܵھжҲܳ⣬ͷҸԶ飬֮˴ȥԶǣΪͼҾ죬ʧ
ǾͺãǾͺáֳ׾Ӵȥͬͬšҽţ²ɣȥ淢ң˵ұ͸췴һ˳еˡ
ֳһҵͷһˣ˵ʲôƨ˵ҡڵ뿪

ŹĴ߶ʹڻ԰һֵܹĶ̸ߵƫƧ᷿סһλĳ鱨ʹԷ֮ǰΪɣײտֵÿȥٷѡ
ʹϿ뿪ĽŲֳʣոҽô
Ĵָ׼һ
˷ֱܵͷ漴èȥ

ʹʱ͵͵Ǳ᷿ûдκ֮ǰѾںģ￴ӦƼϵޱ¡
һҽУֳôŷȾͷ֣˼ӿ˲
ڵ˵ƣȻǱص
û°ɣų䣬ѵ£˯ӣʡʲôˡֳһݡҵķҲᣬܽ
뷽ŵ촦ʹһȻ
⡢ⲻʹ𣿸ףô£װ졣
ײΪС㡭ÿĻʵɴ̿ݾסҴ߶ſҹıʿὫ֮ʣ֮ǰδ¶ˡ
һԲҪ뿪סȥ
ҡȥʹûʲô
׵ҿҪȥͨλҸץɣıɱʹʵڣⲻǱøλѰҵıƾ֤ô
µɱʹʵסʱжб¾ϡбگʵΪղֻҪ֣һ춯¡Ǹѵ죬ɱղڲɣ
ֳλ³çʱԽţԽǺǵ⡣
˵ˣֵַģ㽫Դ㲱޷ֻҪһģǿɽ͵նɱΪʲô֣󽫾ԼǸڱ磡¿ɴСͿô౨ˡҪǸңСͷ
ϣҺֳ͵͵һۣ˵ÿҪЦ׿Ŀ⽥Ӳһһٵصʵ۱̫
ԹĿǾֹסੲݣͰ͵ص㡢췴ɣ
ĿӵϵѪû˵
͢ཫ㣬ɲ˴ģúǻؾǡ
ɡɣ
ڣ
ǵ棬׽һϼӿܣ£Ҫһͨѹ֮
ǣ
ֳ˿ףѸٴ˽һչصĸ׽˷סһǱԸ塱ֳƽн飬һ֮£˵شһͬȥס
бԶ볯͢⣬֮ļҲҪȥ˵կͶģĴẉ̂ȡô֣һǴʵۻӹ޵ͬʱֶΪһһڼƻ֮Сſţܵ룬ǽղеһ˵Ǯֳ֮׵˵꣬Ǯ½һЩһֱڱ鱦۳ɽڴȥԶһլС
ҵγԾֳȴֱ˳ףϵн죿
һʱĬײֻһ
ĬĬڲ۵Ľų顣һ±޷ͷ·ľͷǵҵ;ĩ·ʱ֪

24

ɳս
֣꣬ʳƽʮʦسӴ˻һͳĻλԭսޡ
ѾڳſڵȺãʥּҪӴǶʿ񻶺ٵ̫˿߼еǷɵ飬һǰʾ뿪ʱȻͬս޴󣬻ĴǮܹʳ˼ʮһǻȻпտգͷ
·һĺӱ˱еСС첩첩һûע⣬ǡ¬˫ӹ˳ӵԴë׵Ĵм¶ɫݣлл㣡ҼҵСҲôˡ
һƾٶȴѺŵÿˣΧ׷׺Ц
˵˼ҵСС㣬ҲҪ۴޵ģС¬˫ӵСǳʱ١
ĸŮûŹϴΪ˶صؽȥˣɩؾŵģ
ۺͻݶŮ˫ȫֱ˵һȺûŮҪӣ
ˣҿɲ㣬ɩӰýʵʵǿĴӢۣļŮͷѪ
ģĸϴպ˯Ͳˣΰɡ
Ӳļһ˼ӣ
ϷŸɾ㣡¥ҪǱ¶һӸ㵱ӣ
ҺЦţƳüԶ˳ھУҰˣ̴˼¡
ְңµͽĺӣְҲʮ塣ֻһڱǰʧźá
Цⲻģзִ硣
ãüͷȴ
̸ЦУ̫ǰŽУ벽һͬԭҰվѹѹһƬȴѻȸ
߶٣·ǰĹ㳡̨׳ԶԶƺûоͷ
Ѿֳʰٹǰٹ⡣ٹ⣬Щ߳ɳĽǣ
ڵڶ̨׵ľͷվ¹ߵס븸ֳһ̨׵ľ롣һ̨׽϶̣м䶸ȴצƣʱɢžܵϢ
Ԫ˧װ￭μꡣ
Ľһɽֵ꣬վԭҰϵľʿ׳ĺ춯أھжЩ½뺰䡱ʤȴûĶǡĶֻ׸λǸˡ
Ҷƽһ·ˡ
׵УһǰֲһЩڽһͬϵľ
΢ӽҾþɥվڸ߽ܳݵֳʱԭѹֵĲʸ˲ϯȫԡѪսѫ׿ǵճӣǻʳĴΪŲɸ˵˽ģֳ̫ǽĲ𿴳ȻĶˣǲֹ̫һ㣿
̫ӴʵǾơ
ɣˣһ󱭾Ƶݵǰ
ûһӦĿ֪㲻ʤصطԸⱭвˮֻܺ޷
΢ͷһл´;ƣ
̶ȥĽ쾴ƣ̸壬ձơ
ĳУЩʧ䡣ԭҿʵȾǰûеɫʡЩٳھи״֮ݣȴȨı³Ĳȣﰵءɱ켺ֹһߣмԶ֣Ҫ統ˬֱ˵Ρ
ȻԤ֮У⻹Щźֻϣ֮꣬һ
ֻҪһͺáôȥѾܹаصƫƧһ硣ݣ޷̫ս˽ᣬҿɳ

25

׷ϣŽʿھʦʮ夺ӱפȥ껢ڱ⻥𣬸ԻؼҡоһϤߣֽǿȥֳЦǽߡҴϲӭȥû뵽бܳһӰҵļıߵ磬ɹúúڣ
¡ԭһңʧ漴񣬺Цؾܣ㳤úô󣡡
¡Һֶ׳ѾԳΰĳ̶ȣֱȥ
¡ƲƲ죬ҵ֣´ҴӼһ·öλ׿úãܾͽ㣬ΪūΪҲĸԸ㿴˰ɣȻǻ̵Ůۡ
Ǿ仰Ƕֳ˵ģ̫ӵµȻˣҲ̵ġ
ҲϹսĸȵ϶ǳʤҡ¡عͷЦң԰ɣ磿
ܲ˵طŶͷ¹ºôһСǲý
ȡװģҡ֣Ҿƥ֮£Ͷ㲻һġ
һС軵ˣȻ˸ݺɳҲһԱ˵ȴֱֱȥԡҪǻ˱ˣЩô̫֮ڳ֮ӡ˵ϰߣʲôȷӦ
ܹ̫ƽٲسȥ̣ھֵ縨ʺúιڼ帣ˡ
ֳơ˵úãôôһˣֵ¾ȥ۾Σ
¡磬ŶûôߣҲ¶ɩԹޣ
ֳһԴԶԶԣҿǲܣǶȻؼңǸ𣿡
˺ۣиֵϵ飬Լ˼ӣﲻܵտʼʿ䣬֪ҪæʱҿղײգȥɡֻǴ㷽˵ҪȥһΪǵ̷
¡˵㲻ǲϲֵطҺʹֻʹˡ
¡ֳŮɫöѧ˸ʮʮһԽе⡣
ʵҲ޷ ֳݲͬĻٲ׹ãӪĽ̷ɫ˫漿¡ȻȻ̷ɭϣ̫ºҲǿ۾Ϳ§˵ϵĵطȥ˶ֻҲر𷴸С
޷ֳң۾
ǾΥϤлϲϽͷżһΪ֮޷
ֳ֣˵á֣ٸûУһ̫ӵĳȷ緶类˦⡣Ǿһȥ̷ΪֵڲԶɲ׼ſҡУǵзᡣ
¡飬ֳӴЦ

֣ľǱǰ߾ʼԭĸ󻼣׶ڴˣΪǻʵعţ׳ҾȻǰ걱ҳ˧Ϸйһδģʱֳʿӣһ˵εΪ׳١
ǵĽ־뵱ǰ죬ģϺεĳЩսǷȻҵĳԣֻҪֳǰӢۣ͵Ŀѡ
ֳָҺδλԱסδֵļУδ˽ʲô䣬ɼЩʬλز͡
ҿûһ¹򣬲Ųڳ·
¡Ƕ·־ȫȻˡ
ȻʵΪлгֳ֮˵Ĵڣ¡ȴҲ⣬ؽͣһֱǳԭĸ̫Сĺƽʱ򽫴˵غúøһԳǵ
ü˾ѲߣĿǰЩԽɡ
ֳǵ¡ֻҪ̣Ǯ¾ͺ˵
ҵͷĬ͢һ佫Ӧùܵ顣
̷ǻ¡Ը䣬ɴһ߰Ů裬ʦҲǺװڽ䡣
ˣ¡ʱ̾ͷ˵ҽңǶĹͣСܾһ
ҡ˱Բƣһڡ
¡ֳɱ˾Ʊյʱͺ
ֳ۽Ƿ죬˵Ҳеڳݲ壬Ѳ˭ڳʲôӣ۰Ͱעֻ̬Ҿʮꡢƽˣ΢ʱİɡźܺȾƣҲ¡㺣ͿԳ̬ˡ׿ֻ˵¶ã֪ж졣
磬ٴ̣ʲô¡ͻȻʣ˫΢΢Ŭҡ
ŻδڣֳȻ볯һʣҵ£ֵһһأһ˦䣬˵ϣǵľ˳°ͣɫڡ
ҿ̫ðɣֳĲӳ¡صҡ
ڱ߹ؿܲӵءβ󲻵ĳд󳼣ɲֹһ֪䣬ûзģ˿δŰԣ¡־پƺԼֳĿձҿΪ˱ӣ绹Ӽ˵ĺá磬˵ҽöԲԣ
˫ɣ˵ҲĬĬƾ׼뱭УͷЩ
ԭڶ粻עʱҲѾȫͬһˡ
ţ˵еʡáЦžٱʾ⣬漴һڲ衣
һߵֳѾ˯ȥв֪ʲô
ֳһ䣬¡ⷬǳڴ⣬Աģ
תһ룬µҲʵ
粻ǰΪʱĸ֣ʱҲһһййҼζµףܸĸֵ޶ŮҪǸ˽ϢͬΪʱ֮һ֮ңԼŬ׿Ȼӱֵ֣ȴζһΪһƳ֮
֮ǰҾԤ߼Ĳͬģתֻű󣬼Щˡδ˷һؾûа㻺壬̶ǰ

26

ظѾҹ¡ԼɳӣȽֳʹȻһؼҡվſڣͷңḧϳ׸װ̨̤ǰ֮¡²ԸԸ⣬Ӵ˶ҪжսۣͶû׻ˡ
үظˣ
̴ӽӭæҵؼжµĿױƺǵϣᡰ桱һ΢΢һӣԿȷѪһ·ܱȳ˶˲ʹʮкξ壿
ͥѹ޶ۣǶû˯´ڵ˰ɡ
ǰ˫ֱַϣҶɡ
£

۵У¬˫˵ƵĳȻҸֵģʼûйС޶潻ıǸҹѫĴۡ䲻ϡҲûܾһСңλãߵ³˲Ŀѡ
һӤĸҵ䣬ˮવص
˳ֱĴ⾹ȻҵĹѪɡЩţվǳؼòµĶӣ»û
šأôǹ»ŮС޶ҵĻЦţһ˫ǰҳ
ˣĪٳǰӱߣЦǲá΢΢ף֪ݣȴֻʮİϴҴӱĸ׾Ϳʼ븸̸£ûرɾܾҴææӭţĴձһϦ֮ûжӡҲƽ෴Ů˵зӣԲһ˰ɡṩǵģҲ̶ֳֻȵİѡ
һ𵽺ãϲַźǰ밲ֵȣҲֻ࣬˶ѡ֮׮Ҳǳд򸸻¡һŮֻ˵Ůˡް޷αؼװ磬ҲֳܹˣֻҸϾ಻裬ƽշദֱеϹ졣һ󣬴ǸԾޣϻصԡ˵ԣԴӰ֮ڴ˹ҹָս·æʱ䱾Ͳ࣬οֳ鷿ĥʱֱ˯š
Լ˵뿪ʱ丮еҪ飬ȡһӡԴӰǰݵϢԱͺţڿⷿв⣬ȵ»á嵥
ҽӹչɨȥعְСͷе嵥ϴݲˡ˲ֻ֣ҪһˣΧĹԱҲͷ׷׸ϣ಻̫صĶ˼˾ͺãʤ̺ҲһҲϡĿĵʰ򯺣ĺ׾Ů׾Ƕ̫̽Ӹղ£򯺣һٶǳ⣬Щ˼ˡ
ˣҪƸˣĿ÷ƼҲ޷ȥңûսɱľǣϾ̫įЩ
ҺӣжױԵϸģˡ
æµֽڰУЩƳһۣԽһġ
Զñ£ơȻΪңתӹȻɣԶĸԲ̹䣬λȨأŵݣϸ߳һءһһ˶Ĭ϶ڸеĵλ£¶С檵ĲչͲҲҲδͷǳʲô˳ּе
ԶҲˣþδ棬գϴźȥ̹ɣʲôԼŰ졣˼ţ˵Զ϶Ҳá
ǣл¡
Ůѥ£źϴɴʷ£Ҵһɣ۵û˼Ӧӵʱ˯ȥ

27

ճԶʿзͣԶܷⶨԶһƽƽҵһ󽫾ΣʵⲢδı䣬ֻ鱦Ʋһ˽УĿϾϸʴ磬һֱҹŽҼƴǣǱ˲پƣؼŻ²ֹ֮ÿնʮƵĶˡ
۹֮󣬱ҪԴ򷢻ȥͳ֮£ٹʣɵ첩ȥ˾ЭйԱķЦصûվᷳˣԶפأÿʿǸһȨǰĵĸ
ҪţԶãһҲǸģæµý͵øУ˱Ѱ˵
販ʿһǰ¡Զȸҵ̼
ŲţϾͻ͵͵״˵㲻·ͣĻԹ
νص£αηԣ
豭Ǽ䣬תᣬһŵӣȴ˵ŽȻͬĻΪ磬ͿƲ彻ͨڹ֮ӣЩͽ᲻ɵķ˼ɺ㡣ټÿ춼ȥ夺˻죬۸ɿĵñӴ´ࡣ
̾΢ɵĵطȥˣ
һɱ˿Ҫˡʲô˵ͳȨǷҪץﲻɣҿҪͷùԹԵĴڼˣѧȥһƵغˡ
ǴӴĥޣֱϣ
Զüѵ㲻ģ
㲻رֵ˿ġ첩֮ЩﰵȰ˵ҡɴ¡Ҳһˡ
թһЦ۽ø߸ߵġǰǴ򶫱ʱ˼ذƬɽ֣ҲʮβټϺʿǸܲˣ㲻˴ҵķԣִǴӮˣԼҲڴһ¡˭սϲҲҪˣһصãͺȻɲè
Ϊͬնò°ֳҪչ־Ӫһ򣬴ʲô֡
˫ĿԲɣһڲˮæЩͷǡ
ʲôüǾйϷ緶Ⱥ彫Զ
һ㶼Σ촽ֻǾáһĸ֣һϵûСĲ书һȲλ£
֮ңҪֻô򵥵Ͼͺˡ
ĬȻֻͷ첩ڱ˵ɢ֮󣬱سɡ
ǺܺðӦ͵ġ
Զָ˴ҵĶͷι治׻װɵɣΪĻǱȨ
Ҫô°ͣ߾ٵǰ۲졣
˵йؽڣв֪Ҵ̣ʿ䣬˸ĸ⣬ĸսĲʤҵ׾Ҳ͵ԶԽǰƵĵزɷһ޶ɣûɲҿļֵûϹսᣬֳ¡µı䲻ᳬңȻҲԽƵġֻҪʵ۲رӹضһ˿һӵصĿӸӡǶǸʵӣ̫Ӹ̳дͳֻҪڱϵĻǸף޷ƶᷢ
Զü㵽ô£޾ɵġ
Է²룬ſϣû˵ÿ쾫ȣĴȨ
ŷҵͷץ޺޵صʲô¶ǵѵѧٲȥĴֲһ³¡бڷԺٲˣ
˵˵ȥЩһӿ֣ͷصʵ̫ҵĹףʲôƵҷҪ˱ҾΪȡ֮ȷʵдӢֻۣҪһʲ岻ҲТĴñսһգʧΪܷã
ңβŵȡأҲˡ
ˣЩٱ˵Ҳȥġվסļ򣬡ֳǲŻˣֻҪȥس£ܿҲܲ¼ҲգǾԿ̫ƽɡ
ʲôΪͷ𣿡ģ̬Ҳתü죬ЦûôТ㩵ģⱲӾʹû˵ֳ仵
ҸЦЩؽ۹⿴𴦡
֪ʲôֹҿСЩҶ֣ӹǿ׳٣ȴڰǰһУм˷ҶӴ²

28

ɢͷζ޹涨ҪֻҪһʮʥԶȲĸգص򸸻ҪԽƵǲֱȨ͢˳֮ǰ夺ӵĶͳɲǼƽϴ¡
Ҫⲿֱ£ҶǾһʱٹ𶯣Ĵãҹ
ȻʧҶ˿ڣֳ¡ڶҲϱ͢Ʊ
ûģΪðȣͲøʸܵһǰвȻ˵Ÿʵ氵ʾͼı죬һⶼǵõһѵ⡣
Ȩ֮£Զ¬˫ǶϧԶϱ۰ֻ첩һ˱ʾͬ˵ⲽЧɹ˿أǸС
˼򾫱ȻǷʵʹĸ仯Ϊ㣬ֻҪһ£Ч
Ҳϣ¡Ҳ¡¡۷ʲôʣڲܡ
룬ǸʱԼô档

ϵиӡĸײţʱȻ˵ۺţʵصĲͷһռһ̣ϦĸûиΪ£󡣵ճֳֻһˣΪ̫֮λӦȹ̣Ͼûʸû뵽һҰģʸ֮飬ͻԥԺ󡣺ȣ汾ֵеظˡ
֮£Ŀǰɹͳ㡣ǹˣֻȸСһ꣬ѹֻܳͣĸǺӼ壬һ˫Ů֮½˵¡ԽȴԼֵӣĵ׺ĵܵ˹̸ַ󣬲ӹֻɫٵʲô͹һ֡Ҳ˵ֳ⣬ҺĸֵܶףִͶ϶ϳܲÿζд˱лźһ˻ǡ磬ûֳ¡ҲƲƴǡ̬Ӧúˣ׺꾹֪ܵ޶ţȵ֮͡˼Ҳõļ㡣ϯûҹǹŽ£ƵƵʾ̫֮ȫȻûҳ࣬ͼӴ׵ز˵ֳӼ̬һ˷ʤҲԸۣܻÿǻֻͷԲˡ
һپϯԵúû˼ҪǣһϲϲͿͣ˴⣬ȴִҵ֣ԼĽ粻ҶǷ֮룬粻رЫֻΪ˵һ䣺õõĵطҺߵܰǰӡ
ⷬʵڴϣһʱӦûƵɿ֣΢СĺӣŲųշʵ壬ϳݡ
֮ǰһֱΪʾõ˲֣һΪԼϵ£ǿԮһϣõҵԱ̫ߡû뵽ԭͶҶֳŵģߵܰ˵ܺǸ׺ĹԱԼλĿ¶⡣ֳģҲ֪˵˾ѣֻֻЩΨ²ң
ٳ˵׽¬˫֮ç͵ύԲͬǻ˼кö񣬴ΪܵƨֻĶѣԴסУ棬ÿϸŹź裬Ϊ֪֮ˡײϲиụ̂һȺ죬Ҫ˵δ飬ֻǶҪķӭĶܸܲлһֱ̲Ӧţ͵һ̬

29

ϰѳֵסȴδ˿ȱ¡ţ˵ЩԲ֮󣬺Ȼʣ˵ټ˶һѺùܲҿ۽磿
Ҳ˽ŹϣŹԭټ˵˹Լ֮ǶϵժԸù̵伮˵ľƣͼأǶΣ¡һûһŽ֮СһǿңȻ
ȻǺù޵
ҽӹݻĹֱһϧ׸̫࣬ʵ
¡ǺǵЦν񾡹أĺһͳټ໹Ҫһ磬ʵЩ֪ư
ͣһʱ䣬ŵ˵Ҳǣʱ򣬻á
¡ŵ̾ÿԣڣʵɷˡ
ҰסãЦɲҲȰ𣿸˵ǡ
˵ˣ磬ڶʷ̫ʧˣI֮衷˵Ҳܺãֵܼһͬʹ࣬Ǿ佫Թ޺޲ѡ
˵ֳһ˭ָ֪źͺ¿Ļ˻üǴˣ٣Щ秵Ļ
ʵ̫ԣ£ʧֳ֮Ҳ̫Կ֮ҲԹ裬ͬʹ֮˵ⷬ¡ĸ˱ģ˵ÿĭɣҲô
ڰ֡粻ҪǫСʱ̹ΣúܺãôġҰѧҲкôʱͶЩֱ߶Ҳڡ˵գʢеɫ
صཻ֪ģ߶ڶ裬Ҳδ׼ܹ¡ҫֳ֮׺ϵǧлֳȫʱóԺúȣӵܡ
¡ϾСô˵ʱɫ䣬Ȼ֪ģӦ֪Ϊһ̫ɻʲôҿʱһĺã
ҸֻЩФ֮ͽջС֮ģÿɢЩʵԴǣǰװģҡͷ̾Ϣֿ˺üЩˡ¡۸˵ɣܹܡ
ڡ
Ϳ͡
˵ȥһ

Ҳûиоֳ̬ȵת䣬Ҹջؾʱֵܲ棬廹ʹʺ򣬻Щɽģ˽粻ʺ۾ΪֳҲֻǱڿŪһʱģƾ֮꣬ЩʱͨҲͺˡ
ӳϻؼң̴˵̫ӵĳӭϲżʱ˵һ仰ǻָϵĺûᣬæұȥ̷Сˡ
˵·꣬λҪߣȶұԸͣһߣԼվ·ߣʱк
ƮŶĵĳ𽥿Ҳɵĵطͣ¡
ֳҲ֪ˣ̸Ҹ˵سǰ߼Ȼֻ¹Աģ˽һӣ󣡡
֧ת˷ߵһͨսȥͨС̫ӵĳ߲ǿͨһ
Ǻܿ߸ɾԭأãȻվڿյĴϣֺЦԵ÷޴
үԶƿӣӳ̽ͷ
˼ǣż·ϡԼҲ׷Σһһߣ
ֳжĿ֪ܲЩ˵СңֻԶҺ͡ˡǰر֡
ҡһĮҷŭΪʲô׸رֻеҥԣ˵仰ԸʩɽȥʣһҲãʹһҲգֲûֱ˵Ľ֮ʲôԦ֮ѵôĿлֻôһֻõֶԴҺͱĵáݣͬĴ

30

üͣԸֽڵʮسԱŸԼʿ佩Ӳ̬ʵ޷ͣһͷӲ
ʱѽҹֵ޵ֹҺۣ彣ҿڹ⣬һ˱Ǵ򲻹ģҲңû˸ҽӽֻŽΧ
ûǰҲ壬ֳֻƿţŭ𣺡ɣʲô
ҿ㼴վҪ˵֮䣬ѩıж׼ҡ
һӽм˵ĳì
ʸһʺ£ֽ붫Ǻξģ
һŭװɱˣҲһͷǲã
ûзӦ½֡
ÿֳȺ֮
£
˵ÿ
Ÿһ̷֣ԣǶ׼ҡ
߽ңüҺܾûڽòȻ
½ॡ֮ҹɫз̶
ֳĵطվҺø̲סǰһţϺһ
϶ľľˣ
ô꣬һȡ𣿡˻ʻҵۿᣬȫȴǵ䡣
ֳײҵȵ÷·оҹҪȥ̧ͷǳ˵ɣ˵
ǽ䱸Ŀ޵ŮԾ̵¹ڣѾޣǸոԡϡһ룬ֳϴ
˹ˣ
ҵͷϥǣܸܵ̽Ŀ⣬㲻Ը˵
ɣɤͣأʼ޷ѧǿҲǹҪġ
ٿȻ̧ͷ̲סСֱŤĿ˵ˡ
Цһ¡Ҫ֪ƥ
ԼȥҪǿ赵ģ˵ʲô͵һӣ󺰣ĴҪҾܾڲɻҴ̫ʤ̣̫ƻ𣿻ɶһɶıȻ壿
ֻ㡣˾սҲʵġ
һ̣ҿֳеļʣҪȴʧܵġ񣬿һһ
ֻǺ֮ˣֻΪʶҶûзģΪʲô㷴ܣ
֮󣬲ֹװһͳ˧֮ģȴֻһװ˵ӱվȱˡʰʣΪ˳ӹѫԼҵĹѫɣľô档
µһң¡̫ӡºǸ길ף磬ɡûһ˻ӵеָɾı飬ĵ֮£Ĳ¼ܹܸһڵöҵƣΨֳгְԶҵ̬ȣǱȶûҪʮɡ
ûзģֳ˿ΪңΪͷͷǵط길ڶʱҲûʶľģʵһ룬ǻǶҪ뷨跨£ڳãɼ̫ˡ
ץסļҧгݵ˵Һ͸ײһҾᱳ㡣
̫üص˵ʵʼղܹõʲôЩ󳼺ͻ׹ǸңеΪеΪ߶ȱ˶԰ɣʹҵǻܹҲܱڶ࣬ҿ׷ҵıҪ֪ʲôЦЦ˵ʵҪҴλãҲֻͷΡ
ֻҪߣֻҪһаã㣵¡ֵף¶һ㲻͸¶֪ڽػ⣬һʲô
סбҾ˵ֻҪʱ磬ֵ֮顣
·ܵƵĵңɣ䲻дţȴҲ粻Сˡֻܣ㵱ʲô

31

صҺһֱȾơ̡ҽ١檷׷Ȱһ䡰áȥ
顣ΪΪ㾡ȫһҪģ࿴𣿵ͷ˵Ե˼ֵ֣ھǰʲô
£Ϊҡѳ¹ǾֳǴҺСһǵĳӡЧӦзԼΪ죬ԶӦáָʲôжʲôֻ˳Ӧı֣ȫù𣬷ġΰ̫ӵ£ԼЩı֮ʿ뵽ȫˡǵĿǺƽ𣿵ǹɽѾûôĽ챾ж׹˭ƫһݣ˿ΪĿܣһ֮͡ǰǸʴӣоҲ̫ӵĸ֮˭أ
ǿӦս½ʱǡ԰ɣΪܵúһ١ҲûгζˣЩͷǲܸᣬ´˰ںԿĸŻȥһպ̫ƽ浽̫ƽ֮յ֧ҵĶȴһɭĿ⣬û뵽Ρʱ֪ʼֵûжԣӲ»ᷢϡԤϹҲֵܵҰģҲʵĳԷӦƽʼվһɵģηͻ䣬ʼսҵԼ˿ΪϣС״ɣֻҪҾˡ
ΪʲôףѾ̵ܹг̯ǰΪʲôҪֲ¼ɣ
װװ㲻ԼԸվĬĬ֧֣κλرˣоɣı̤Ҳ֮Уαôڻѹ
վʥˡʥˣȴҪǿԼȥʥ˲õ顣װǣǲûЦ
ͷʹѣҿžƱԼĵӰûƽȰ飬ޱǡҰɣԶ̻̲ԶֹͣԶ֮áôˣαװ̫ãʵԼеİ
ᡣоԼǼĵ飬Լÿһֶ޲ÿʧ֮ǰΪʱȡ̬ȣαԼŻֱСվõʧСմմϲˣ˶ƯϷ˸߲ҵΪȡΨһĿͣʵʼղΪҪݣһ·˵Χָ㡣˴ûûᣬżؿңֻںĵļۣ֮õĳͣĪһ㣬
Ƕģֳһҵ˼Ѿ͸ƫҪôԼøġע򶯲κˣοûĵ
֪֪ɻѷµҪע⣬ΩиӶȥ

֮ҴһҪ̽ﲻұл͡ԶҲӣЦúòġԪ˧彡ţĿģգ۵նɱǧô˲ã
ע԰׵۹شơ
ǰذ¡
ͷڴǱ̫ӵһûӡ
̫ӵµ⣬Ȼǲ˵ġ˵ƽ
ԶҵĶͷֽеǲǹˣȻֿبδţ
ֻԼ̫ӣһͷȽŴʲôҾÿȻȴԲСԹڶ
Զͷͷչʣúף
ҶŽľȻȻ˵ҡߺߣֵ㣬һԸˡ
о˫һգգؿңҪ׽˵ڵĵ¡һЩǰ˵ֳʱܺǱ
ô˿ڣıˣ
ҴĿ

32

İӣ¬˫Щɱ˵Ĵϴ˵ʵЩѹǱԲ񣬾֮УԼҲʲô̫飬ƶŹѡֻҪսɱУʱŻֵСڣһ㲻ȥܡЩȫԺԵСڣӽ£ȴǳ鷳ʦ£߰˸ܷ߾ļһΪڽ״񣬱ʷ̨һٵ˶֮һЦҲǽ˽еǰȰ䡣תΪԼ󣬻ʵ۲ݣΨΨŵŵӹתȻҡ˭û޶ȣֻڻ۳ҰԹԵԭ˵ĳ߹۸С֣ӢҲͳƽˡԲ֪Ӣ۱ˣʱ͢кѡ˵Լݲ»¾֮𣬿䲻ͷϡ
е񾡹أ佫ǫ˱ȫ֮ͷա
˵£ЩһΪҵֵѣҽǴӲݿɽկ֮ϣֲǣŵٻܲ죬ڸʵĳﻮ֮С
ҽٵ첩Уû⣬ܼҾͨ˵ɢﳣ̽ںӾ첩Ҷӣҡͷ֪ν֮ʡҪԱǰݷһҲξ²ʲô¡
Ǽ˽¾ۻᣬʱǲУǹͳûлռǵµĿŵȥлҪǷûȴڣ񼣬һһ
˶ǵӪıƵĵıͣλ䲻ߣٽȴˡؽӶƷʡⲵ飬򸸻ϵĵ£Чխй˽Թ˶ǼȺ¡
͸ӿԿ첩߲ͣҾ˵֪λ˼䣬ʧԶӭˡ
ձĽ׺һԴҡλ¡ǸƲӵСͷٺڽұߣ첩㡣
첩ѷ£ŹкҪ¡
ʣ˿ʶһҵ֮ˣ
ؽˣҵСֶ
һ˺üҽ̣
Сֶ֪ߵغð֮˺ְˡ
첩վһҾƫܡ
Խͣǲ֪λֶ쾹˽˹һֱۣ
⡢ô£
ǻԴװˣֶôص֣ʵڲð
壡ѪˣǸСǿŮҿۣųҲŤһֱۣзִ磬ĿܽŪϣ߳ŭΧŹҴӣ첩ֶҵһȳһű˺۵ǲޣõͨ͵һ
첩ѯʵĿͶסָҵʲôҶϷ򲻾ҵĶڻڴϣѲɻٲɣ
ҵʾȻˣһȥҶʱˣ֮³һʿ֪
һͳɫָҵָϲ
Ӹæ£Ȱ첩ˣ㿴ӣҿֶ˿ͷ񣬽£ǻͷ˵Σ
ûΪʲôҪͷ
첩ƵصҵͷǸҲװɣ
״ŭϷʥگĴ֮첩ǸɽҰƥսҶʶƵξ벻޷죬ϷͷҪǲǣ
첩͵תǽȡҵ彣״һһ
㡢ʲô
˵׼
첩һƽضĺˡ
һ˲ңҲˡڶ첩νʣһݽذ壬ߣɱ
ضǽ̵Լһҽһȶӡ첩غһνʡɷݡ
ҵ۾Źâ壬³ˣ첩ЦЦؿֶһۣýʴһͷԺදӣ
ˣ߳
ɵúã벻Ҳôֵʱ򡣡
ǰƨûеĹ飬͸ôԸ
´βҪͷŵƨ
һȺ˵Ÿôеûô󳼣ҽټĿıֻۣ첩ԼЦԡ
ҹճ֮ϣҪ򸸻ʿ²ϣ˹ˡ
ԶбңߵǰȹҺ壬ó˹ĵز˲죬ⲻҪģ
Ȼ漴չա
ڶգ׹Ȼ򸸻ʸ״ұȥ֮󣬡̿֡֡ʹСЩ˶̫٣ٳв̤˲ú˵Ϊʹǰǣ벿һ̫ƽˣʥ顣ʴΪѡʿ˳ԱҲ̫һɵķԣڴӦ
ʹ;Ǯʮ궼ò꣬Ҷвܵ˽һ£ʿͶûжã˲żüãһȺڿ֮۵־Ϊ̸
¬˫ⱲͷһαӲѺŶд֣һͷ綷죬ÿڿ˼ôѧҲûʱȥͷϹ֡

33

ʱ򼴽ֳ꣬£̫˳Ұ¶֪飬˸ʻδԴʾԹ˭վһߣȻҡϺ״ųѲϼɽй뿪ʱ̫Ӽ˵ǼΡƷϹԱ븸ʲþ̫Ӳû̫ʵȨֻǴһЩеѣЩӦ֣޴ָժЩȨԱ֪ʱüβˣ˼ӱСģ첢޴ĳͻȸھʱ๥ڦҪƽࡣ
¶ʮӣ˲Ÿɼ򵥵ļûã֮ա
Ѧү񴸮˰Χ˵ҪѲ飡
Ҿʧɫժǽ彣
ƻͨס˻
¬˫ٷֱһ񴸮š
̨վʣʲô
񴸮ȭĵ̫ӵ½ӵӵܸ棬˽ؼУҵǰ飡˵꽫ֳʽҡ
Ҫš˭ֳ⣿ֻΪɱɱҵ
һˣ
˵һӣҪ³š¬οãָ׾ۿҪ̱ӡ
γ彣ɭȻҪ
Ž̫ûи㣬Ѳ
̫ӷԸѵѲҪȥ
֮⣬ѲҲֻϵù
հգСƢΪҷֺҲɵ㡣
𽫾·
£¬˲شӵ۾
˵·
նӣʿȻվԣһ϶Ǹŭԡ
ĪеڵһȫȻûʧӣܵҸﳤȥ
Ҳ̵ģȥûˣ¬˫׹ɤŭ
ﳾзƽúܡҫĶֳѾǵһˣҲ֪Ժ󻹻ᷢٻءһʼҲͲһŭڣƣӦ𶼷Щˣսҫƣѵ벻⣬ѹô̫ǰƣװֻҪһţƨث֣
սϣйλ൱ĵˣЩҴü޻֮ЩıɱɵӣȻʹûаܹÿһ춼ʹ졣׷ùҹʵ̫ơ
첩أ
Ŷؼˡ
塣
취̫ӺºôڣֵǶܲˡ
ʲôȥˣ
ǵģԴ˻ʲô壬첩˵壬ÿζºУһ㲻θڡ̵ߣﲻϹ档
Сӻôôࣿˣ¬˫ƨϾһšƽǰһ͵ڵأɱҺΣǰѷŵԹ߶йһˡ

¶ʮˣʻݾʦֵܶ˽ȥСֳȵ͸ҲûзӦЩ
밲ʾֳǰ
񴸮ȻۡѲ飬˭Ȩ
ֳȻ֪ֻǽӻܱ˵˽ؼд죬鼱֮£㡪
һŵıµһûأ
ֳ˫һأһظ֪
ɡ
ҹǰڡ
̫Ӹؽţ˵֮ػ񡢲йϰ˾㸮гʷҦĴ͵д£
΢һͷýӴֳԹĿ⡣ǡ
ΪʲôҪô
ʵϲŭҲΪƾܶʲôԴŵӵ񴦾Σѣֻ봹һ
һɺԣʵĿȷֳʱࡣǶԪѫ޵İӣҰأΣ֮У
ҿ˸ڵϵֳһۡӢΪݡҰءȫ˶Ļ֮
ʲͷءɰǾˣʲôֱ˵ѧЩĳëӡ
븸һףԴ˸ʶȻҲϣԸΡ̫ӵնضԶĹ̫󣬾Լ뷴ҲȰòŶװֳ֮տɱȴʵƽ˵˵ţίһԶӿͷоۿȡ
ʿֳ׹ô˵
ֳ
ʳ̾һǰ˵װֵܣɽ𢣬ͬҫҴ֣ʢ֪޵㽫ⷬʱжôοЩˣ
̧ͷңлĵᣬ漴촽֮˯仰ʱףڽ֪ˡ
϶֮ຨ˯ػ㰲ߣΪ㣬ٴΣֳñʲôأʵڲẦ㡣
ʵⷬҸмĪȴֳȴЧȻҧȣðա
ͷôװΪ˹ȫҲֻܷ㵽ˣ
ʲôһİֱͦͦ£ֱ档
ʴ̡¾ϯӸҹ棬˶ȥ

34

ͷǣѻ˵ҲãҲգûͺò׼
һȥ̵Ĵ£
԰Ǹʱ֮طȴƽףǿԷڡ
ǲ˺ֳһԲϺȾƣ·ǰûˡ
֪һƬ⣬Ҳֳ֪ļƫǲʲôýģֻһߣĬؿԼԼҲܹעӣ»ԽԽٰɡ
עܲǰУȷʵиˡֻпʹͬ⿪أҲδǺð취ȨҲһᣬЩƴˡɵʲôʱҲ¶նϵûһʲôӣʵ󡣶᲻ڽ֮ǰӭ
űȾƵ顣
ֳҲƵĹϵûþ
ҵУҡҡλߵһߣѾƺһ顣
Ҳȡ
һҡͷҲȾƶ𣿡
㲻ȾƲҡӣȴһƻӵҼϡָס
Ȳȣ
ŵľ絽ϣüͷⱲǵʧķ衣ˣֵã
ҲȵģȥáھԲѷҲǲסƽǸصĵܵܡ
Ʋң
ͼӻԭλȴ˵ϡⱾҳ˼ĺľһ̲ɢζ࣬һἤӵ
ûƲ㣬ܻܲȥã
һֱƲҡҷҵطҵķְ֣ͷҵļô϶
еƵԺ󱳴СͺԲԣƫҪǰװûõӣҽ㡣һˣȤǲǣ
û뵽ôǰǵãһʱ֪ôش
ƿԣǼҵĺһǡСװúܹ˳ӣʵǸмӹΪɣǰҺûá㣬о̲㣬Ķ㣬ҳǸʵĵճӣʲôطʤù㣿ֵЧңô㣿˵˵ʣ°ҼҿģҺ󣬺˸ûʲôŤɵġӰ족䲻ȫ
о貿ĴԼäĿԸӣۿԵõЦ㲻ҪʤңֻҪżúÿңҾͻԹĻ
δţֻżߣ˵н뿿㣻ĸ˵Ҫѧ˵ֵûһĶ֣ҵĶŮ˵ǴӢۣҪǸҲôͺˡǾ㵱̫ӣȥʵۺ˰ճӣƨĵճӣôҵһǴ̫ӣҺϡΪʲôҪǼҵĺӣΪʲô
ֺγݣҲǻӣֻƽһԱ佫Ҳ¼ɣҲذֵֹ㲻ǰҿԽΪЧȮ֮Թ޻ڣҲԷֱָλԶ뻳С
߶߶йвšΪʲô˯ҿЦáڲһϣǺǰһģһ
ҲǶԵġϵҴδƾеĶء
ֻұǣˣ⣬άȣӮ㣬𣿡
ΪԷȵ屨һ㣬һ˵һؽŵؽƵϣűԹû
ǰüƽߣƫݣƽķɫƹĲΡûʲôͷԲԵøɾ۾ҲνĲѿڱϾá
⵽Էƿɳ£ҵ۹ȴ޷뿪Ǵ
޴ڻشս촽ϸ鿴ϴ´ԱЩɫĹ󣬷´΢΢𣬴ƺխҲʺϱǡ
磬ʲô
꣬æֱſڡ
¡װƵľվ𾪡

35

붬ʱԶ˷纮þɼվһÿȥһΣ˥һ֣ʱȴǿ˵Ц֣Ҳ̿ǿԼĳÿʺԼٵš
Ԫʮҹȥܹǰ֮ɫг˵ס
ŽȥһŨҵĲҩζϮСͳҩֻھǼ꣬ǿ彡ҸϽŹغãԶ´磬ڵʵʵҲҪƲſΧ

š
ɫڴϳЦЦۿȥ忡òһ
ҸҪںѣȴɫʱ䲻ˣиѣһ
ƣʺһӰ
̧ͷȴ񴸮롣
μ¡
𽫾ض񡣡һ˰񣬲ؿԶ
Զ𽫾ǿˣϴ̫ȥϰݣҲǸ𽫾ҵġ룬Ժʲô£ֱɡ
ɿ쿴һԶֵͷȥĩҹ֣ĳƾǲ
̫Ӻº콲ʲôٶ˵һ顣
ǡ̫º飬Ҫ佫ųεطְĹ볯
ԶһЦ漴סԣҼæᴷ̧ͷȴֹУսȭͷ
Զ϶صáȿȣýύ⳼Ҫġȿȣұ۶նϣȿȣ㵽ʲô£ƵʹġȿȣУ֮ǰ²ǲšȿȣУҪȰԹںá𣿡
ҿЦܶ˵ΪǴΣֵ֮ĹϵԽն
¡̹ϲֳĸ飬ڿࡢ㳲зΪķӦֻ롣ҷɵΪֳͬҲ֮ˣҵܸһݿݡ
ʣСʱ㲻Ҳ˵Ҫʹף
¡ɴۡǶʱˣʱʲôҲһͯЦѣѵ棿
ĺܲԾˣǵֳҪϵõ󣬻Ҫȡֶ֮ͷҪһ򱶡Ů࣬ԸίĲ㵽ëԴ˼
絶ԴǺ۹նΪʱʱҵʣû뵽һ̹¶ļ֮ıЩ̫ºһڳ϶϶ġڦңճڹ;¡߹ʱ˵α̨ЩֺСԸù棬浶ǹһͺãֳ󱲿棬ʵ̣Ϊҷ𣿡
ΪǲˣѾٰҵֳˡ
ڷʲô
Զ䣬Ż
룬ҳʲôû˰ɡ
Զ˫ΪݶԵرעҺһԸ룬Ȼȥɣ·Сġ
ǣųȥǰһֱֱ̣ңѽǡޣ
̲סԶ׮ôѰģ
Զʣ֪̫ӵµʳӶ԰ɣԺˡ
ұܿ״ȻĿ⡣ȥ̽ʳʲô
Զ԰׵촽߹𡣡Ҷˣٲ˵ʵԺûˡ
˵ʲôСǳ⡣
㲻ҪҲһɻǸҪǿ̧֣ƽҾ£ü壬Ҿ⣬ȴûбܿ
װûģôҪʲôˣֵ
ҿкصݣҲ֪Լβܶ˵ѡ̫ӣǿ£ôܻ
ǻʵۣɱ֮ȨȻϡҪõġ
ģҡͷθ룿
ǰҲǲ롣ֱҡ
ȫһ𡣡Զ
¶ģȥ̲Աʱ裬һԽһѴҷˣҪ˯һ¡
ƿ֣ԼŲ壬ȵƽʱѾͷ󺹣һҵĿ֮
ñӣЩ޴ؿΣվ˰죬վ֪˵ʲôǡú
šֹͣ˿ԣȻģ
ֳΣת
һȡţѵõҪ󣺡Ҵ򿪴
֪ۣȴҡҡͷ㲻ܴ硣
Ѿ޷ˣ֪ġ͸Цݣҵһηһ治һĺÿ
ųصĲߵǰ϶һٵƿȴ
ʹ˴ϣХֻ̾䰡
ߵǰ̱ñҪҪ
أܺáĽëҲսǲǵãҷĮɺĺ·ݣ
ҵͷһ۴ݣԶӹΰ
ܿ꣬ʾȴϡǸطȽ컹Ҫϼ˵Զѩɽһɫܹʢʱժ͸ˣһܹõԲ֡һ˳Ӫʱɽֻҹһ֦ǡǡţժ˻Ӫڶմִ˵˧Ϊӭǰ;̫ӵ£ѾȥվȺˣҾͰǶƻ˵̵Ӫˡⷬ˵ޱͰ۾Ҳ
һȻְء֪Ӧ̫Բұѡ
Цǰҵ¾ɭϡأ£˫齥תΪꡣжÿһ֪
ĬĬ뿪

36

ʮ賿ԶԶް
Я޶ϵʱСѱϣūͲ紲ǰʹޡֻһӣΪһŮԼҵֵܽ½½Ŀǰû֪̹ͨ˼ӹҲã׷ͺڷһʱܲˡ
۵ã·ϾѾ޵ιȥ᷿Ϣһݣ˶෬Ȱ˵ֱͦͦվ紲ԡ
ԶǰӦûжĿʹʲô¶ܱӣʹҲ¶ϰɡǴЦӣҲãнʿмӣʲôֵܽСʱף󷴵˵֣֮߶Ƶһ޵ѡ
ʱ龰ͷ
һ㲻ͶעһֿС֪ҲͲܺ޼䵽˰ɡֻߣԶ֮õǸˣתע
ܡжۣ±ԼôڷȰ˵ȡֳ֮ʱǲҲ˽أС֮ģǼһʥˣҵ죬Ҫ˵ȫΪһƬ飬ŵġ
ʵѣСһʮˣʲô״δ˴ˡܼķΧڣҴõʹͣߵĹپһֱԼʱͶ߻۽һλѡŵȵҵĶŮһЩҪŮ޸Ķӣպ̫ʺϵĻͳУԶԼѪ
ȻЩԶҪȫôأƽףԽԽû͸ҺˣᶼѾټҵ¶˵Ǹ֮ǣȴݵԣ˳ԸʵֿЦ
˵˷һ죬֪һһӣҪ˵ҪıǼթʲôӴҲؼڹΪΰĸһΪ£͵ְɣȻҸĹ»Ƕ֪Լȥ첻꣬ƽ׬˸̾ӽȥֳʧѣҲ޹ˡһ𣬵ԶԽԽ޵ϳʹһ١
£ҹˣȥЪϢˣѾվ˿ʱ
̴Сƫͷִһ鷽
Ҳˮô
ʲôÿޣнѣǼ¡ĳ˵Ҳӹһ׮վõծ
ȻҵˣǸ
£
̴ӱͻĴЦŵʱҪܳȥҽ١
ҽеķԶϣ̤߳á
Զ֮ңֳ֮ҲҪصĸޣһֱ޷ΪҲʮֱ׳Ȼڿֻ̫̫쵰л̽һ·ޣʱȻĪ

37

ҹã̽·׼û֮ͨ󣬵˽ڵ
ֳվڼ󣬿ߵǰԶˣ
ǡ
ҲҵޱЩŵֻڰ
š΢һͷ
޴룬̲סʣΪ˺£
ҿ˿ң¶ԥ֮ɫҽϵ彣£ӵ⡣
ֳһ֣¡
̴׷뿪˳ֹš
ǰϥ¡
λǽ޿ˣֻðվαȻɣʲô
̧ͷסۣʲôվϱุʣԸΪˣ˵òã
䣬ʲô
ߡ
ü
һֱ㣬ֵ֮飬Ů֮һ㡣
΢΢죬Ȼ֪ԡ
Ҷӻֵܣ֪ģ޲硣һֱͣվûа취ơ
۾ɵôģͰ͵ص㡢˵ʲʲô
ûֻ֪ϲŮˣֻҪһĻӦʲôΪȥɽҴģҲǲҪܶ࿴ңҷϣ⽭ɽȥ
ң̽Ŀֱƶ㵽Ҫʲô
ֽ߬Уһһٵ˵ֻҪ㣬뱧㡣
䣬Ҹеһʹ̲ס֣ڵء
ջؽţĿֱǰ

ҲǿЦҲ֪
ŭ죬ֱߵֽͭûͷûҷͷȱߡ
̶ֳ಻Ѫѣıȴʹзǿң˿ģҵἸҪ
ŭֹ㲻ôЦĽңҪɽܷҾƴҲҪò
֪ˡվƽϷ۽ǣȭΪ񡣡ܸˡ
߳ţ֮ûҵĻѾױëȥ¡֤һ˰ɡ
ôҹȻֻԶ˵һ·ˡ

38

³һԶ׷˾գ䣬̫꣬
³ʵگ佫¬˫ٵȳ֪ݸʷҦĴ͵ְ⳯ʰͣڵΡգʲҺڰɫһ졣
·Ͼ֯˵ϴںеľƷʹôҶڱ븮ķһʱõ磽⣬Ұӹ֮ϣƷͷ㡣
һҦĴͺȻӣ˵ѵ˵֮oᡣΪoΪ꣬ɼͻΪ꣨
˵ȡֽʣдֽϡ
¬˫չȥһüͷôд
ҦĴź룬ҡͷԵصν࣬γ塯ߣҲλִ£ȻҲдˡ
첩סͷҲ˵ڰʾһһ⸨̫ӣҪǷ֮룿
̶ӹͷ̾Ϣлͣ˾֮ɥҲǲǡ
ٺ޺޵صǶЩȥ¸ǰ
ȥ̫϶̫˳̳дͳ¿Ҳ̲ʲôֻбķݡ
Ű£Ϊǿɣ
ҡͷֳС׺ǽ֮£
̫Զɣ꣬һãܱõİնı۰Ԯ֮أҪ
ΪΪ⣬۲Ŵԣ֣ȡ£ʮѫѵ͸ø³𣿡
Ϊֵ֮ɱʣ˵ʵҵȸָ꣬߹ٺ»ӣȴҲҪ꣬ʵڲʣ
յѵǾݶô̰ԸҵģԼȥͶ̫ӻº
¬˫űͷصҲɳ֮ϣ˿ʮ˵ҲûǱСıݺǾ̫Ҳˣ
Ѧ򵹣˵ҵĽԸЧ£Ĳ׷һȪ·ϣҲˡ
֪ҾԸֳοҡҿ˵Щĵȴһַ
ǰĳ뵱ձƸʱغϡ׵ʱҲһԶܱҳе֮Ŀаɡ
Ҳ£ʵȲѡ
ұƽֻ⽻ŲòС
Ȼ۳ɰܶ˭ⷬͣʾҰĲ򱻱ε¹۸ȴͬ
ֲǵȶԲ̫ӣ˭޺ģ⣿
³߻δҪӢ̫ӵʺ࣬Բ㣬ܵ˴εģֻ
ˣҸ̫ӣ̱ԪҲˡԽƴԽ˳ڣǵɫҲԽԽᶨ
˿ɼҲΪԼ쳬̫ӣⱾѾǲ֮ġǲ顣˵䲻ģЧܹҲҪ
ⳡԴһֱʱ䣬ӲʩµȰ˵֮£ҡΪѡ˾ġ
µת˲ǵʱ䲻ˣȻҪȴʱ
ʱܿ쵽
³ˣ̫ѱ䡣뾩ǲһ·̣Ѿ޶ȣҿǳʱվͻԶεıʣΪƽºĵһغңΪɱӺص¡ʰǰȥ֡
¡ַǸĸɡʰٹ̫
ʵһС̣ÿ˶ſº࿭սÿ͵ʦʮչȥȴȻ뽺ţЩżˣ˶ս벿ǲ֮£è塣
ñɡװе٣ȡƷʱ̸˼䡣
Ĳ²ǶԵģ󣬸һ磬Ǳҵ鷿
սµձѽˣձѾвº̫ܺӣԼڳԷһж
бӦ϶Ըң
ǡñⵣأбſϣ¿һ˿⡣
̫ºԵĸˣҪϳɱҾѾδܹ֧֣Ҫ˵⣬ʵЩ̰ĹͷûбӲƴʦصأǣһȫģɱ
Լʲôʱ򣿡
ҹʱ
Σ
ºǱ޷ȷ̫ӻѫױˡ
Ǳؾɱͷ¡Ȼţһ˶СмѶԸ𽫾ȥʵдգΣ
ȻĳֻΪԹնҹ֮һ³ɣĳǰ˵Ҳ񣬾ųȥ

39

Է˾԰ʤأǸ˽辩׸˾Ǹɫ˵ȵɢֵ֮ůʱԷǰ̤֯ҹŹƽ
Է԰ٳɼ۸񲻷Ƶõ꣬¼ʤǰͱġ̡¡¡˴Ϊݵ㣬ΪεԷ£սϰߪϲ¡ȴ֪ԷΪŮǿ븮檣֮ǡ첩仹ծж£Ϊֿѡ
ڣ첩վ¡ӴԷڡ
ʱչֳմױԷţʮ£˵ӦЩ⣬ѾüڰԵ̳ǶʮѾ˴߰˰ˡ
԰ƫС¥ڣ΢һ
ܾȴ˫Ѫ
֣ңƿ죬է𡣼䣬ڶ¥ľʿ촦һ⡣
ҽӹҹ䣬Էŵɫ¥𲻹ֳܶ¡ĳ¥һʬ
ֳ£һףɫХֱ
δԷɱ죬Ӧ¬˫̫ӵԮˡ
ֳ뼸ͻΧѦ˽ɱʿǶ񶷣¶ֻ࣬¡˵ãѦһʱ̾ս¡ҳڹϣң¡ƶ
ҵܵܡ
Ƕûĺӡ
СʱǺܺá۸ˣͶһޡ
ֳǰ˵ҵĲǣʹֳҡ
ڿҶֳĸ顣
ݺҡ
谭
ʱ¡۹һߡ
ϻһͶ۾ŵصɴȻʧȥɣӴȻ¡
һбģҵֲһ
ѦγĿڲ룬ǰ˿ڹͨһϮģ
ֳǣȻھ
̫ӵ´ֳʿӦſҪֳȻʿֳԱһƣӵֱȡšҼæնͷƤǱһС飬ϣѪͷϣȴϾоʹ
첩࣬彣ʿͷ­Ѫǳɫ֮ϡ
ҽֳУһԷԷࡣ
ֳɫأвû̫
֪ģֻ벫һܿܣѾɱɣֵҡ
һԲ·Ȼ޹
ۣЬ࣬ƿᣣһˣҽֳϡ
ֳһۣ˭
̲εԶòֳ߷
Ҫʲô
ʳҩ˯彣ͷ­£ĨЩѪ֮ϣִյҶһǣѪģû˻ɻǷ񵱳̫ӡ
ֳ˶㣬һС
㵽ʲô
õ㣬˵ġӦһֳֵ൹ءмбڣҰ뱧Ž˷ֵ档
ͷ­ţڳʾ⡣翹Ĳбʿ𻶺

40꣩

Ѧšֳ¡ͷ­޹
ѪӦѾϢ
̫ºͼı죬ѱСǰѦͷڽűߣͬ
˵ʲôʳɵʣ۾ŴѪͷ­
ظһ顣
룬ȻǸλϣͲ糣ɥʱءȻʳĬãֻƽؿ˿ڡ
û뵽ɣұڴɺϴεţ̫˽ԽύطԱұô𷣣ȴ֪֮š㱾õˮ©Ϊ˸أŰɣɲĵĸ磬ĺܿأΪʲôΪʲôǰ
̫º仢ͼı졣ҵڶظͬʱһӵϷ⡣ҲҸ׵ˣھȻ˵ұҲܽɱİĵճӡ
ˣлܸ̹ȻһЩοҪԹҲãҲգѶԽûӰ졣
һʱľĬ֮ϵʵôô죿
Ѹߣ޴̫ӡ
֮˭ãɣɣǾɣ
ҿһеޱȻʣΪΪʲô
һ㶣Ȼ򡣡Լ̫ӣ
ҲװɵֱҪꡣͳԦ֮ȨҲɶΪʷǰɡ
㡪ҪȨ忿ڼϣþȫŰ⼸˵ꡣ
ЩҲֹһŵ˻µɢζϰ׾ĹҵкķѴ˹ңΪһЩ帣ȴϻҪ뷳ǡ
Һģ˸ͷ븸¶һƬТġ
ˣ֪ˡȻȥϢɣúôһ̧֣ƵĴҡ
ܱ֮ϣһձһ˼ؿͷܵøʿɣ޲
עңĬȻ
̧ͷԥӡ
װѲǵǰʵʱǸ¶꣬ߵһûлͷ·
޷˶೤ʱ䣬ֻ֪Ҳܰ۹תһ˲
ˡ
ݲݶ͵뷹ЮʧߵķŭǰĹ˼ܣϸݣ漴վ
лʡѦ
ڣ
ʾ޹⣬ñܾ

ҳ뷣߳޵
賿һԡѪսۣۣעҫ۵Ķ
ٲöã׳ԼѾΪ顱Ǹˣȫȫҡ
ҵ͵͵Цţ֪ԽԽ쳹ǧٽңþò

01

糯ƽճЩ󣬰֮ǰĴȥʺ޵̴ӹŮԶԶһˣŻŹһأҷԸֱ֣ǰֹͨѹѹķȺڳĲϡǰľɫһĿտȵʱ΢㶣ӡ˸ľʣʱɺ
νӡСʲôʱˣͣվǵһ˴ĳ
ʺ͵£ڷʱѲµӣҲҹѣλй֮ȴֻõ˶⣬Ÿдϼʮƪ˰ɡ
ߵңŮٴļһڽյĴ⡣
ôˣ
̫˫ϥŲǰ£йŮ£ʺ˵ūȥ
֮һɻʺ˵㣬ϳ˻βԼûҵּͨʵۼݵѶϢ֮䣬ء
ĿлʺˡûȤ⣬վſڣ֮£ͷĶԻԼ
ĸģ
ʺƽׯϣƺĸʡǰ𣿲ǵˡ
ֹ̫දһعڸǰ
öԷȻû˵ʺֿ˿ڣд˲⣺ĪǡĪǱ£
룬ʲôˡ
ŮӦԣĴ𰸱ȻǷ񶨡ûеֵϰߣ˵ûа취
ԺһӰӣƽܲڵķȻ伤ҲսȭͷԼ

Ů˵ĻشоǲԸմȾϹϵһ㡣
⵹е˼˵ңġҡĲ²⣬ѵñֵøӻ̿Щ
ɭϣ֮٣ֻ㻳̥ʱգԷһ֪֪ƻҪΪһʱ죬Ƥ֮ࣿ
ūΨԸһ
ŮȻңҲҪһĸ֣֮ˡ²ϻҹǡִ󽫾Ф˳ĸûаѱš
ޥ԰ޥ԰ӱȻҲޥ԰ڡ
է֣оĵ뷨Ȼ뷨漴ͱԼ񶨡
ܵģԲ˵һޥ԰ζûл¡
֮ʱޥ԰ոȫ̭κһ˶޹ʡ˽˵ƽذؼŮӣǱռ˱˲ҿ˭۸㣿˵˳Ϊ
˵ˡͱˣùŮԳ˿ǻ
ǰҲûУʺÿζ𣬾ҲۣҲԺζС¼Ҳᱻá
Ϊʲô˵ѵк飿
ŮĬ
ʺڳ֮ϲŪɱ֮Ȩֿ־֣һɡ
µһңޡ
ʱʺ㲻⺢İɣӽһֱŶӣ˵ڣ׼Σ
桢𣿡ŮͻȻȴּаܣ׼ʲô˵ʺūһذ屻ûҺϤؿͷþѪ
˵˭
ʺڵϲãҶʱµʻľڡ
ʱУŽȥȣĽǶ˾޴ı飬ɢһŲȻѪͷ£ۡ
Ѯʺ֮ҶУֻĳɷԶھʧ롣
Ѯ¶Ϊ䣬ھ׸³ƽסһޡһޣķ粨
ϳȥҳſڵŮ
ŮңһӡԹ޵Ŀ⣬Ҳİ粻¡
ţ£δΪ뾾ǻҹǵϳͣ
ʺ磬ס뿪ĽŲ
ҵͷԵķڣҸҫȨơ
Ϊٹ⣬ʹһӲҲҪַҵŮˡ
ʺ󡣡
ڡڻصҵŮ֮һͷ߿Сèһ㡣
˵Įܶоɣ
ʺɫִ꣬Ůӳ಻˵ȴʮׯһ֮ĸ͸òɡҵ֮£˫Σ۲ҲӨת
ʺ󡣡
¡Ӧ⽿ᡣ
λɡĻʺϸݵļӵעת޹

02

߽ڲޥ԰ֽѦſӭ
ô
£һ糣
ȫˡ
ѦȵؿһۣͷӦС
ͬãߵڶŮ̫쾮ææµµɹ顣
ޥ԰鼮ǰµĹ±䱾ںУ˶Ŀ´ࡣ
ȥ
ֱ֣ǣЩ˾뿪
ƿڷˮأ̯䱾߹쾮ⷿųţһֽܲζơ˶¥򿪺Ѱ飬ľبǰȻܡ¥Ĳ飬֮һ¥ЩЩԭ¥֮İ㣬λﱻá
ǽϵĻĵذ¶һζڣݶת˳Ŷڴ¥ȥᣣѵƵʱ֣ʵɫԴ͸
ÿᣣá
ʢľƲϰںãʾ⣬Ůһ̫񣬱˳
ȵȡ
ͣ£ҡ
պ˴ֻҪ̫ź򣬹Ůڡ
ǡ
ûпսս뿪ıӰתߵԡűǰһϷ̣ڰ뽺ţϸƾƣӷֶұߴ¶
ûͷһӻϣ֪ԭ˯ˡȥʰվʱ̧ͷӰҡҷУ˵Ŀײһע£ָƽϵ壬Էɡ
һԲվŲͣǸ̬Ҳڵİ죬õѬ㶼ǵҩġֻ߶졣
Ųõǰ£ִǷԲˡ棬æꡣĶʵںһͬʼţҸɵꡣ
֧⿴ǰ˻һƽĮ㲣꾫ȵӾǰ䡣ǿᡣʮˣʲôʱܿᡣ㶥ÿ֮У壬ų÷ʣ꣬һٻԳɿգȥʵ仹һЩô˵ʮһˣ
ôĵȴȤЦһҲδʼûע˼δţ
ϰ΢ţˮһЩϡϡǱκнĻӵܶʧ̬տʼʱΪͣʳһûй˼˵ڶľʮǸʱڻҪһʮһҰˮͼյŪ˵Ĵ඼Ѫ졣ȻҵһڴĵطҪ
ңλƸˣһжʧȥʣҲѹסЩͽΧתģν൨תַ͸ң¿ûбȱټֵ˰ɣ
޷ġƶҶ޷˲ͬ˻ΪλȨض⣬ΪԶĻ졣һˣֻţֻܿһ˭ҲȥֻҲκƤңҵ飬ܵȥ
ãֻҺں⣬ÿҲֻңĲʣÿҲֻܵҡ㹻ˣֻҪһȥ򸴺ԡ
ϱԵͨһ߼߸סݶդܸ볾һй
ֻҡܹӵģֻҡ
ŨŨؿڣͨʲôֶΣܶЦֻҪĽȫȻڡΪҲøࡣ
뵽ղŵĹŮǸͼŮ˳ҲڣͶ⣬ɱ
Ҳ£õĻشֻƽձ˲ѡǶ˵Ĵûָ
һ룬Ŷ롣ҳԷһܿ죬Сʱ򳣳ȡЦ˵ԵĺȵӦоУԵֵܶϸʣֻͶ̥ܱ߶Ǽ£ȻÿβƵĳڷֱ磬ϰȴûҪġУһнӼ٣˺ܵЩ
˼ͬʱ꣬һƣС̫ϲи
صǰֶַԱߣߺȸϵ裬߿ۡ
ǰҴӲѳص꿪ʼЩ޹شֵۣ˯ǰʱ䡣
컹ʱʱ߿Ӳǽ£ڻϱд飬ȻҲһزңǺܿ˯š
ҩûоûҳƵǰҲͳǧɱеˣֻ߻ᷢ˯ˡҲ˯Ҳã˳ӣǰɰ̫ࡣ
ˬߴڷ룬ʣߵĴϸľϡؿһȣȥϴˡ
ޱէȻѵı֣ȱֱֱңȻվǸ˯һ¡
Ұѵӵ˵һӣ˫ס
ޱ鿿һ
ʱ򣬵һ꣬ƿҸŭڶ꣬رܣ꣬ü򴽲
ˣı䣬ıյ㣬᲻ǶҵĽɣ
˰ɣװ֪Ǿ޿֮¡
ҰԼˮ˱𣬳ԡضȥִҼϣȻ

03

ԡˮԹȪķ˿ɹ۵ʲƺ͹ҽжϾ˿
һ⿪ɿţӵ̨¡
ɽȪҸʱҪ飬ңסԼֱ۴ͷټƤ׵ôĿġˮΪ峺Ӹ£Կ£˫ȼǴԺɫ ëԼʶĽֺ
ڳر߶ͷϵĲ¡ķɢ΢΢ƣ಻ƵŨܡǵܶͷϳҩǺתЩ
ȡˮưϴͷƾڲʱϵضԴͷƤо̾ɤܵͣ̾ϢʱСʱʲô£ֻҪһ̾ͲòϴָҪʹǰǡ̾ϢӰҲ˿δԳͷɿ쵽úԣֽ£˽
ظĦҰ׵ıڵƶһ ֡ݵƤͷ⻬̸ϣ׵ĵطżС롣֪ΪΣ еĵطֻҪҧڣ̲סŤϰ
ԭͦεļ񳣳ˣ˫ؿ£ʹüιͻ֪ҪԼʱͻ᲻Ծͷ硣Щųη
ǼС룬ϣνȭ˫ֵ̨ϣ֧ϰˮУϥϣƤǵؿ ҧļӡûתΪϣӡڰɫʮۡʹںͷ־סҵķͷƤȴ㹻Ҹеʹеˮ˵ļƷ˿һ
ᷢЦ
Ҳע⵽ˣ˿˿֪ʲôͻȻͷȥҧϣɫǳһɷ˿ɽȪᲨƮԶ
ⷴӦ֮⣬˳΢㳡
һֱȦھϣŪɰϥǵơסҵĲӣҪ֮ʶһ㡣
̫Ц漴סĺҪС
ûɫɺתϣ˫۵ɵôģûаֻʹ࣬顣
֪ƣЦҲ֡
ȷʵ֣Զܶá
߷ߵּյ첻ɵſҸȥĴҧһڣѪζ໬С̺ݣҷſסӵ֣°͡ǱҧѪʹ㲻ʲôҿ  Űһֱ ڣֹ⣬ȻҧһСлɿأʹܿƵᣬҳѪϵζҲ֫ߴȴ쳣С
ֻŻޣֻʱǻġ
Ѫ˿ҺպϵĿϸϸعҵҵֱϡһֵʳָĿǻϽһʱûֱָҲ˳ǯ°͵ָȥץȣһ˫ϸݵȸ߸߼ڲϣͺһò˫ǰס̨ףƽסҡҡ׹塣ȫΨһЩ ԼյҵǰҽմȾҺѪָ   ֮С
ͷ½ϵ߳ܣϵңһ̶ֹ˫ȣһ Ѩг ļ£Ｔ̸ֳۡ
ȫһ𣬲ٶ
סָ½ ϵĴһ
žµ˼㣬һαԺ󣬲Բաþһа취ֹѰΪ¹һҹҹ׵ĴࡣϸҰúü첻´ҲãԼҲ֪һ ˲ûʹҵֶοܡ
ָڻŪУϸϸ һһƽ̫ˮҺ Ȼ޷øСһѣȸԽƽǰҵĺˮʪĳ ëϣʶҵͼɪ˫
Ҫ
˵˽ͷ֣΢Ŀ⣬һֿסĸ ͥڣ¶ ǣԴԴҺ̽ڲڿտԡ
Ҫ˿ǻ ڿʼסҵࡣСӿһҰСվһͦδȫŵڲ
˫֧ţˮУϰû룬ҵ ҲƵı䶯ڡ
סǰؽתΪƣĺʣô
ţͨ죬ݺݵҡӵ״ֻĿݣ˲δ㽫Ƶرϣ漴 ȵİ û롣
ʹ
ͺûг 壬žܣʹޱȣѹܲôֻ࣬ڻȵ вϳ 塣
ĳˮƺݵץųأȫȻİܲ˵ƺߣȴûкʹڡ֪һҧס촽Ųǽ׵ڷ´Ϻɫҧۣ 㣬ȫγ 룬壬κλӦ֪˵ĺ ͥһ ڣǴķӦУȴ޷֪̽ȷλáܸһ㽥ӿϣ޷һ˿ֶĿ 
ֻ֪ĵط ϡ۶ ȣȻɣҲκϲ˻ӦֻҪռң³лһб㶼޿ȡ塣
㽫ҽս䣬๴еİ͹һֱС սŤͷջ࣬ҧĶỽ硣
һƺ Ȼٰѳֲס   

04

ʮţ̫׹º¡ıҽǵͷ­ڳͷºಿͶӴܡ첩Ľ飬Թ齵̣ƵԻ͡¶ʮ壬ʽΪ̫ӣ漴ƲҾϡ
ͻȻúæԭֳֵͬҼϡҲ̫ιľ飬һɫĻŸҶ⣬ռ಻ٴ׼ΰеס԰кô£ϢĿǰֻҪһְʢ֮࣬պŽ˵
סĶ󹬽Էֻһǽ֮ʾòٳλ֮ľ룬±Ǹ̡ЩǸıģǱĽ¥еֳ
е̫׹ѾȥΨһݣҵĽֻĬĬػӵֳһΪҵֱȻԼˡ
ǲĸܴ±պ˵һζ̸
ֻ֪ܽߣﲢû࣬ҲһҪõֻһʱûκ谭
Ȼƾʰ飬ֻһش𣺡Ҹʹ졣
˵Ҳ
֫ͻַŭңɱҾԲᶯ֮跨ޣһпΪõĶҹܡԲȣǿ࣬ͼʳƬҽ͸ս
ʼΪֳǰӣһʼ־ȵһʱ֮Ҳûй᳹ľˣϾֻûмӺ˼ȥɢ˵Ӧѡ
ȻҺ괢ĸĺʤһ޷ʧܵˣʧȥһ֮֮ϵĵλ޿ǰֳӵģΪľı䣬Ȼ
ֱӴȥˤ˫ȣʶȥˡ
ҽļҾǰΪնݳ°ܽ޶Уֻ·һ֮ǰôȻҪóס
ЦŻҡ塱Ůǣ˸׵ĲãҪɱйµĺǣǰųһУͷ棬ÿ˵ı鶼ηηЩǰʵ֣龳Ǹʵ۵ͷ­Ҳѱٸ׸ʵ˼ҹ֮ⶪֻʱζ뵽ɣװȻӮס
ֳ̲ߵ¡
Ѧ̫Ĳӡ
ָĶȣҲϣٿ£ԴӦ𣿡
ɱҡֳޱֱǰһĽᷢӣһۡ
ʹɫѦ䣬̫ͷ­ڵϣѪĽͷ­һ͸Ľűߣ͸У˫һڵϣһͷ­͸۷ף˹ȥ
ҿŵ£Ϊݸ߹Ϊ޵ŮˣϢڶһƬУҴյߣѯʣ磿
ֳӵͷ­ҪɱǣҲҪǰ
ҡͷҹԹķԸ̫꣬ΪȻӽԺĻҲˡ
ֳСĺǸŮŸ꣬ĸڻ߿Ŀǳˡ
üѦĵҲ֮
ĸҽһסѪ罦ļͷԴɳֶŮ˵ϣٷ

£
ѵŮС֧˵ǰĶλεıֹ
ֳ˫ֳȭףϳݺݺҧסѪɫ촽
ҵһʱ䣬ļֹĿ࿴
ǲŮ˶Դ˵ûʲôںأ
ҳѦʹɫĸĲʬ¶̡
֪˼ɱСŮ˲ǴɷΪټĸңȻѹ˲ٶ̴ѦжסֳӵĿڡ
壿
⺢Ԫģ꣬úöʱʱʶң־иš
ЦŶֻҪ㸸Ӧúûţؼҡ
ס۾Уˣ
ûˣȰӦҰѵǰ˵ݡ
գۣ¶һϣõı䲻˵
ûŪ׷ʲô£Ҳû̫ࡣ
ǾͶԲסˡ۲ЦݣӲĳݽ硣
Сӵ߹ִȥûκ谭ɴ۾ڵϣǰɫҺ塣

ֳһͳĺţֵЩ
ΧױɫѡɱҳƱȨʱµĵһʼչ᳹СϣҵֶܿܣɱҾȻԶ֣ȷʵʧͳ
նݳնݳĬĸԼᶨ־ڲԶˡ
ͨˣ
ſҧѪ촽ɫҰܡҪɱɱɣ·ŹǣҲա
絹ÿиŭĵקǰֳƽʱ۵⺢ӡ
Сһ仰˵ֻһֱޡ
ҽְͷԣȰӦѰ
ֻһζؿ޽СССĸ첲סֳǱչ
Ҵȣ磬ģ
ֳɫľȻ
ٴγ֣ȵһࡪ£ҲֻҪϰ߾ͺá
ȻֵӣȻǵճӣֳŰҽУĬ˫۽߬סȦεķ֣ɪɪŶ
ֻʣԪԪͬĺһ̫ۣЩûаԪ
ֳʯôЩ˵ҸνѾһһˡֳһۣҾٵԪԴն£ͷƤ֮ʱվǺˡס֡ҷɿ콫תתΪӳԪͷöɢĿɢͷ޶ûü㷭Űۣڵء
ֳ˫Ŀ죬ɢͥԺұЦ߽׻ѦѦʿԴɿ飬˴λ᲻ʹǶͬҲڹǷ룬ֻϲӮֳ
ļҾǣȫǰԴˣֳΨԪд档ԪܾŹ󾹳ɳ񲣬ڶվԻ̷֮

05

£ѷλϴǸߵλӣԪ
ʱֲƽ˳С±оգýȺʳŲϳеȨһһջأŪҶòţԼ顣
д󳼽³ŵٸģʾ̫ϻʵľ⡪ҲѭҲء
׷Ǽ׻ǷδǸˣҾ빬סĽϵޥ԰С
æڿƾƵԸҶѰ䴽࣬ұ̸ǲ֪˵ʲôǣһʱȥȻԡ֪õһʬ⣬ҲԭԤ֮Уδеɥ˼ӣұȻû֮ǰѹֽ꣬ƣЭ
ǻһҹ̤رصޥ԰ǰϱϣҲʱ򡭡ø˰ɡ
԰˷׷˫ϥأںꡣνһ̫֮ΣէʱȻ֮е˴룬ƽ۵·ǸΨһֱͦͦվˣھһ߿ֹζȻĦĮڸǵʵ뷨
ûпңͷӸ߸촰һҹɫɢĳֱֱʡ
ҽͷԼߡϲ
һ촽΢΢⶯漴ֽϡ
ҿĸԸͷ㴩ϣʥ͵ı֮Ҳãһ
Ҳ÷ô
ΪԴԿ䱣ֳĬõӦҲȻȷ֮ұͲΪҲ޿ɺǡ
˵ףΪʼղҡ
ˣҲסгݵ
һҲ޷ܱеȥ úá
ҸǰƲһߡ
ֻģ
仰һ׿˵ԭΪܹܣȴǶҡ
֪֪ҽҹˣΪֶ֮£
֮£ٲԣеùҵȫѹơ
ҲδӦ£ߺټḷ̌Ī⡣
ҽڵأȥԼ̿ۡ
ޡҪӦʣ˼̫ӵ¡׷ǰԻ˼Ҳ֮£񲿸µġֺš
Ҳע⵽˳νϵ⣬ʱֹͣ¶Ȼ顣
˿ѾķӦԽ¡
δֻѣֻҪٰͿԴ壬ҵֽס
ѵؽ⿪ӣҷɼҾʮСëͷ̲ס˿ڿˮһҪӡҵӡѶֱݵĵطֱȷȫҡ
ֹҵĶͣ٣Ͼؿ
ܿܣˡ顭㣬һ棬𣿡
һΡһΣ￴˰顣ڿʼıȻ˿ûиоϲãܵģֻӿļĲƽ
ٲܱСҾǰ󣬽
Ϊڹ㣿
ŭЦұߵΪʲôҵλ߸ϵֳǰ棬Ȼ΢һ˵˼
޾֮ɫбĽѾұƵܣĳҲ˰ɣҪĥҵʲôز
˵صģжǸʲô뷨
ЩҵԴô
ŭɶֽ˺롣
ʲôס֣ʮӶԼܹˣ
ȻϹĶԵð㲻ʣ˵
ζֻԼִֻԼжϣٶʲô壿ˣηηβôûκαҪðѸĶˣʲô£ʲô׳ʲôˮɣȫҹȥ
ҵΪ˼԰ɣܺãҾʶʶʲô裡
˫ٰǸκвԣƷʮǰҾõ
ܱŭ̽ǰȴûϾߵֱӽѹڵϣ˺ᱡĿӣһֳſյ һַŵ ֱͦ嵽
һĲҽУ ϴ֮ѪʬǳɶѵսȣǵѪ㲻ʲôȻδҺ̼Ҹй١Ҵʲôȥܣ֧ȫ
ҾѪҺڽ ϵ г ܶвĽʹţ˿ûпĴ㡣
Ӧõģ
ʶڱڣŤӱʹû뵽ұеԽԽʹŰԽ̧ͷ
һͬ£֮ˣУûгǰŤ״Ȼľֻ˷αܿһС
ĳ ӿ죬Ѫ˿ҵ Һϰе ڽ˳ʼʱĲʸȥ泩ζ糱ӿϡ
蹷ʹڶΪҲϵĴײ϶
顱죬ʶڻеҹòע⵽ȭͷϴʯƵذ壬ԵֱϵƤѣѪģһƬ
ȫûһ˿̺ۣҸǹеϺۼѵֲһŰС˿ֵǮ
أûû棬ŭҲתΪϸ鰧ţ ڼѾһΣδȫ  ֮ʶ ҵĦҵ õǰδ㣬ʼ ûκηӦ
ʼ͵ֻܿõ˫ʶ̲סס°ͣ˫ͨ죬ˮӴۿһֱʵǣҿҲÿġ
ʹԿͣ¡Ĵָнסһˮϸů оֹ
֣ݺһȭӭ޷֮£ҵձţȧǴʱĸо
Ȼôϣҷſȫ ȻȻһͦШĵطʹ漴
ϵʹƺ˼Ư޷רעһԦ壬һ룬лȭӲҲһ浹һ߰ɡ
վߵһм侭һУɱ޹Ҳã߷ҲãԡѪɳҲãֶ߱λҲã꣬˾춯صĲңֻΪһԷǿȣôͽͿЦ

06


£ϿҴϷ£ɵô㵵ӵ
ҵȲٻ̫๬ŮѸٴϣֱֱſȥ
£ϵĿԽӻ̿֡
ҳͷ֡û£˯
˯ҹֱ֣ǹԾװϣǰҵĲ
վסʲ£
ޥ԰ֵҹǴһ򵹸ǰ
ÿ
ɫһѿӳӦԲ
ҿ첽ǰ¥ľ¥ݷ֨֨Ƶ죬ǵиӷꡣ
ҹ£ڶûκιŮڸϢټ
ֱ֣ϵƣߵǰ㲵вݣüЩⲻκϢҲҩȥӦó˲ٿͷɡ
ǰ췢գū澶ü裬á桭ˣ˲ūƣ϶ûѪѾһЩˡ֪ʵݵС̫࣬Ҷš
ɬӿһֱӵؿڣ˵λ߱ʲô
պҴ·뿪ޥ԰ʱԺҲҪʮȥǣȴߺӰΡæڳܿƣҹǶ߻ĸҴһһθǰ˯þŪŮˣصһſҲڣۻĶӸڽﵽ㣬ڻ
ˣԼ
һгˣԹԱûãˡҲãҲãʮ˲ҲãһΪԵʲôϾں
ȥɡ
ֱ֣С̫๪뿪˯ݣ齥仯۾ȴʼղſ뿴ңҲȻ
ҴϨƻɵϣ§סӲͷ̤ܵʵоֻ̾һԵʲôġ
ҹΪ΢΢Ľжѣʱǡö˸ſҹâӡ
һߣƺһ˴¡
ֱ֣æϵƻԹ˫סҡ
ֽץǰסҲӵģһ֯óյʮĴ廨ƶŤÿԭģģҵľԱһ˲֪Ҫ߳٣˯΢ЩܽɹҵĲӣҲֻһѡ
ʹеľҶ˵㾫񲻴ҪҪҽõĴ취סߵĸҧ
ҷԸֱֽ֣ȻشϣԼҲɻߡ
ˣ˯ɡ
ſҧңǶ͵ʵڻ̲סЦЦ־ס͡
βоԵĽֱƿƣ§˼ͷ˯

07

££
ı鶺ֱ֣֣ǾΥá
ţ
ˣ׼糯
ҶŵʹĴᣰΣ΢Щ΢תͷȻ˯ߣҡ˯ѣжЩٶۣһ֣ļϻԷûκηӦҹˣʹ֮£δ˯óֻǲҰˡ񻶵ڣڸտʼֲ֪ʱ򣬽Ȼһķйʢδı䣬ܹƣΪֻ֪񣬻ǲ֪óأ
ֱ֣С̫ǵķϴװʱһֱ⡣
糯󣬻·ʱͻȻС
ȣͷ͵ޥ԰ýǰЩ칱ϵ籡
ֱ֣ǣū澻ͷȥߴ硣
ء֣ڰձͷỴ̈Լȱ㱨ߴ硣
ͷ԰ݹ᾵壬ֽظϣĽʧ룬ֻһƤȱٹն׵ҡ
ͷţȫʲô˵̬¾Ȩ͵ŮҪÿţһ˫־һ㣬Խ
£֮ǰʺּͼƥ籡
Ϣͨǿ񣬵һվɡ
ǡ
ޥ԰һҪˣѾǻʳڹܡҲÿҹ֮ͬޣԴõĹƷУõĶȵǱߣʹʣ£ȥʺҪ̽˻кҵ̬ȶѡ
û֪ݣ־ֻΧѲӲڣָȥӵū澶ҵǻĹҲϲԼԸĴ¶䡣Ȼ˺棬ֻҵֶΣ˸ͼ̽ʡ¸ʺ֪֮Ǹӣ
ηԣҽ˵ءҲȫ֪ʵ֮񱣬ıλ߱ɱж۵ԶҪ࣬ٶһηվԸֻһעѰ϶ȥ˲ķס㲻һʬ⣬Ҳùɼҹ尾
˦˦ͷȥЩרķϵɼѵ򡣽ճв޼񣬲̫ӵֳÿյϡ
λ˰ƽ̫ϻʵƾӡԭҾǨ֮⣬Сֲδ䶯ַ˵Ҫ¹㣬ʺҲص£δӦʡŮӣҲûв𣬵ִ¶ԣķ֮٣ʡʡ
ʺϡϡϷֱһӣԪԪvϵĵӣԪĩճӱΪҳٳû֮⣬ԼҵĹϵԽ׺ʺɲҲȻ
ݣǵķȨƶޡ½ִʱڼҡϵֳǣڵطͳְΪ֮ûʲôԶĸײ̹¶ֶ꣬мĵڳгҪְ˵̫Ӿ˾˵ͼģ²¡
ҲֻǰˣѡޣһǶЩĿǰ۲ԣûĸֵиɽ
˼Ǽ䣬ֱ֣˵Ҫࡣ
ȫʵӲ콫ϣ񣬱㼴¡
Ķϡ
ʢ꣬ûĻʮʮضˣȴ·ɣȻԹ۵ҲΪ١ݷ೸⣬¼ҹ˶ԣܶʱ򲢷ףҲɵȥ
ɽύ߽һˡ
ĮܶѲǰͬ״Ԫһ򽫶˽ڼΪ̹λãϧĶûѧ׵Ĵӵ϶¶ܺʱҸƶһ㡣
ҳֽ񵥣ͷκһƷļֵһƷԱ˵úȥнٺһ˾ҵ¡
Ҵϴ󵥶鷿񵥸һҳҳ·ԳƵӶϣҲסһҳ̲ס˫ϥһعأϸްѪɫ
̵޷
γԣҺȿڲ裬˹صʵԸʹʺǣ̾ɣ˲һʣ¸òźã
ң̻ȻұҳӦ֮׳Ųң±þ
ɽ𻢶ѣ㵽ΪֹҲ͹ˡףѵο
ޣ֮ϴźӦ˵ſڵϣͷ˫֮䡣
ӣұڼݻʺ޹üӭ·֮δ
챾˵ǲ޹Ů֮¡̫ϻʺôϲ͢Ҳ˸£⼸̫ϻʵ˺üλе־ԽҲЩûʺæˡҳλıһڵۺ졣
ݡգԸѡ㡣ʺ˵⿴һۣЩڣֻɹ̭࣬ⲻˡ룬ǲǲ֮Զ¹أѡһŮͬʱŵŮӻˣŻʱÿ˴һǮױƣΣ
ҲסͷĴ⡣Ͱ˵һ޹Ŀ󼴿ʩС
ǡ
Ŀתңֻ԰֮ͻʺһֲٳ֣ˡ
лݡվΪ񡣡檾ֶѡҲֻ˰ˡ˵ǿһЦ
սÿԣҲ;պҲɡ޸ģԻ㡣
˵£һʱ侹Ҳ˵ڣڼݻޥ԰
˾ҵ̰īϻģ˵С

08

ÿֳܼԪһΣǵԼҲϣκ˳ǸУ˼ĵصڲ¥ĵ㡣
ǰв¼֮Ԫ˳ëƽ̫׼̤ӴĹţ·¾ʣҪãŪһ̵ۣĹҲΪԼ
Ԫ֮ǰֳڴڣעޥ԰Сɽķ羰ΨһܹӴĳϣҲ
ʣ
ԪײײŽͷ󺹣ζⶼŵõߵ̴ſڹ£ͷ̫սսͣ£ū澵žͳţһ·ܵԷʱһӣ޴󰭣ֵŷͼֻϷʱˡ
ʣҶˣ
Ԫ˫ֱЦҡʡڽң֮ϣǹ̵һ֧Ļӡ
зӦʮİȻҶӣһԾ棬ץϵĵ̻ʡɾ·ϱǿˡ
ʾ̫£Ҳ֮ϡ
ֳ߳ʵʲô
Ůϥµգĺӿ˶Ƽۣʣһ磬ȴԵðʮ
Һʹ󹫼ˣر棡Ԫʳ˳ֳ˵Ӣ¼
ֳרĵţЩű߼ʵĻ
˵»һȥɣԪͣ˵ʱЩĭӡ
ðֳ΢Цɳڱ鲻֣ͣĿתȫ׽
Ϊ˿ֵ˵ӣҲӦÿµᡣԪ״ʱʱͻȻҪİƳ١ճִ״ʱҲԸ˳ҵ󻶣±Ҫҿģʱʱ䣬Ȼ⼿Ƶʹá
ҲҵĿȣֳȻֹͣνĽ̸õصɹڨЦƿߣתעһˡֱһˮϵǣֱ֣ϽǰԪ׾ĶòҪ˿⸱ģ˭̾һϧɡΪһǣ־ֳѡ񵽵û壿Ԫһ֮ˣӦôν粽С
ҶԪӡҲԼûʲôڸеһӰɡƲ̫ҽϲ̸ʮĺֳͯ棬ͻֲܴ̼ʣ·ҲǺòģϾʱװжలɡжû˱ҸûлɹȹˮԹͣΪݵéʧѰ֮¡ʮĺӣϲĻͼ̡
ҵĸԣһ˻ɣضҪ̳֮ûеڶѡԪǿɱף֮ҾûпҪЮֳķ
ʱֻǾǸദ
ֳԪλ֮һβСľ룬º͵ӽ̸ȴûԪûЦˮֳü߬ӵֶ˶վûȥ
Ȼ̶ֳֻȵĹذôֻҪǺԪƵĴڣȡ֮ɡЩǼ£ѾֻԪһ⺢ӱ㲻ɾˡ
ԣԵ㡣һ˽ڳͰ
ԪָǸϣ㹽óᣡ
ǾͲԡֳصͷ˿ճĲӰ߯ûϢɿôס
ڴʱû˿Ԥ׵ģӰͻȻͷԾ£ҵ±ذ׸ѣ̶ܹһʯһԶҴֱ˫ĿҸհЩһ֦йٱʵУҾһ亹ֽԲʹĶǽıɱ¶ͬھȫӦԡ
дֱ֣̿ͣⷢһ漴ϣסʹذ׵Ĵ̿͡빬ǰʦѧ䣬ҲֻܳŵʮСʮеʱ˵㹻ʣ¶ˣЩ꼸ʵսյĹȷʵ²١ۿռϷȴ΢Щڹдһи˾ֻ־¥ֵء¥ִǴ̿ͻͬ
ԪУۿƳֳڽ䣬԰
̼ʮУֱ֣֧ʹйٱ֮ѱһߵ˹ȥʹҴ֮ȴΪºҶ˱˿ȴأȫȫǲҪɱС˼λ֮д̣ûǿҶֱӵĵ⡣
£Ѧ߿ţ̿ͲһҲ׷׸ãǱƷ˽ƣĴ̿͡
ðɣƿҪæС̫࣬סұ˿ڣߵֳԪĲ֮
ֳû˵صѪն
ʵ
δ䣬ƿ֮Ժ˾һذǳǳ̽ǰ
һֻ֣ؽذװ£Щ⡣ֻԪеذףȻ䷢˻𣬽ѩĵֳǰȥ
ȻʲŶԵʱ򶨲٣̧õסֱۣϱ۴ʹż˴ˡĺóϣȻһ˦ңһȥϮҲ֮䣬һƿֳ漴һĴʹ
£
£
Ⱥ鼤ֳֻᡰһҶ춯

09

һƬûκɵسĳн˵Ŀĵƺڤڤбƶ
֪˶ã·΢ĹâǹâƮ˷سϵ׻
ǹâҿ˽·ĲʣëȻ֮ǰΪĴСʯ飬߱ɢ˵á֪˭Щݹƴӳɼƽ̹ĵ·ͷ߹֮ķ϶ʵʵǶ˴ϸһСͷݣмָǷϸСںͯûüɡ
ͻȻ׻΢âȡӰ׹µŸ֣ԶǰǰããһƬҰޱ޼ʣĹˣκλӰӡ
ֱ֣Ѧ¬˫˵֣ûлӦ
ʱҲʶξجβˣεΪ죬޷ҹپãҲҪ糯ġʱȥ
кȻ͸һɺ⣬һͷ̲סһͷɢһԴƮƮڰС
磬磡ȥҴ磡ͷ­ڶĿ˺ͯҡ
޷ά򶨣վתӣͷ­ЦǺǵ׷Һ档
ûܼһؿ˴󶴵ĺǰصװ֣ЩģδرӮõӣ
ͷƤƵͷ­ͺӰΣܵķһϤװõѩˣ
ס䣬ø죬ûϵʲôһץ˰ڵأһȻȥһõֹǣסҵĽס
硪װ֡ͷ­ͺǺȻ߿Ѫ۽
̲סп־壬ҽС
£
£
͵ۣϤĸɫףͬһƺлžϲϳ裬Ų²ӦԼڵ޹˵ǻʵ޹ȴûù
Σ
ʺеʻſԣǻеǿҲʱƵÿʼԣÿһΣ󱳱һĵʹæ˳ؿڡ
̫ҽִҵò¶Ц⣺޴󰭣Ʒҩɡº鸣죬ذϾ綾ѽ⣬ҲֻҶ֪ٸ磬ˡ
˯˶ãһſڣУһʹ
ʺա
Ϻڳһǿ޹ӡαؿأˣδǾûкô
ȥϢɡ
£
̧ϣһʹұ֮¡
ŰæúЪţĪ⶯檵뿪ˡ˵ŻʺȸˣҲ뿪
̫ҽͷ鷽ȥˣʹɫֱ֣ʣµ̫ȥ£һСһ±亹ʪ£һ߽Σūȥ̫ҽ뵽ޥ԰ʱѦѾطϢδƼԪµ¡̿һѺΣѶδࡣ⼸үֳոջҦ˵һͬʺԵ޼ײáѦūֻ˵Ԫ¶ʱ̣ǲδʡ
ⷬӦã֪һβ©˵꣬Ҳǡǡá΢Цơ
æͱ¶ʣū϶˸С̣ûд󰭣ū澻ݲʹ
ҿϵĴȦȥ˯һ
ҡͷūҪ̷£
ɨȥٱ磬վ˵ϸ䣬ñ̡̫
Ҷŵʹᣣۡ
ţû£Ǿͺá

10

ܹµ΢߶֮󣬳ɵ°ҵ޹
ʱܵϵС̾λͲ޶ഭô
첩ҦĴͶԿһۣѰزʮĶһղпҳ⣻Դִۣ£ղ񣬺²롣
ΣְɽһۣҪ˭дʲôϻ޾ʹһٰӣ
ҦĴӣ첩ֻǺЦҡ
̿͵ˣ
սգ˳ʥԻϽκɡ
üº̲ǰˣʲôʱˣǾͽ
ֱ֣ȥּ̲׹δ㵽
ʳʲô
ˡܣʱδκοڹǾվӦԡ
̾߶ˣ
ǡһ£Ǻй˾ǴССĹԱЩֶ˵ֻһζְ
һùŹ֡۹ǽжɱ֣ȴ֪ٳ͢پ
̧ͷһֱۣܿĿȥǡ
ûа˵ȥЩԱô
Ǿҡͷ˵ȥ飬ǣ̫󣬳ŪĻ̡̻
Ҳͷšüˣװɵ˼Ҳйǿʲô
ǾĿ⣬֧᲻
޺Ժʧ𣿡
̧ͷңо֮ɫ
һ˼ɲԸ˵ѵͲǵĵ
⵹ᡪǾӣסͷ
첩
ڡ
ҳ۾֮뷣˼죿
¿¼Ǵˣ΢֪۾ƺҪġ첩ĻӦʮɡ
϶
㳼ҿ϶Ǵ˶ǸеĴмңض֪
°͡šҪͼı޵أҦ˵
ҦĴ͹ֵ΢֮ΪֵݣҪذɡ
Ŷ޶Ҫֵ֮ˣǶ˭ĪǻʺҪ̫󣿲ᣬĿð˴գ̹һҲͬ
¶ۻ΢塣ҦĴģ
ѵ¬ǣһｭĳԵÿҪ뼸ʿɱԽСһ׮
ȿȣλͶ̥أҲûô˼
ǻ˭Īڼ޵ұۣԭв֮ģָ첩ҦĴ͸
΢ң΢Աµտɱһֵ̿ӣĿָ췢ģ첩һ䣺ǻɽǴ˼Ե˲š
Ⱦ޷ģǾͨһڵأסͷ
һôöûţƾܲ¸˾ŲʮˣҪҲõ˶һףԵʵǷ⡣ҶŻװͺԴûصҵġ뵽ģ˵ɡ
Ƕ˵౨ֻǴõ̿͡ǸĳӣֹڴˡıϳԼˣҪָȥ
ٹգܹ´߶糯漴ָ˸գһ·򹬳ľϹȥ
Ϲɹһֱѣڣ磬ƫǺһƬ糤ҹһ㡣֮ǰǲ©Ҳû⣬ԭȴͱ˸©ӡ
ûе򣬸̨ϣŴͶļ⣬𾭡¹ٺ͹ŮԴ˯ֱңŻŻֳӡ
ңڸǰվλòƫУõסߡ
򰲡ˡ񡣡
̧ͷŻƵۿңβŵŶǶɰ
æ̽廹ðɣ
˵ʲô΢ͷҡ
Ұѻظһ顣
ΡΡҴ˰֣֧ŵķ֮ʱˮһࡣ
ˣˣѣʲôòءվ֮˺һЩ롣
ǾøʽȻǿѵõ׳Ĳѡ
׹ӣͷʣʲôɰ˵㣬ΪѲʹ
߻˵ʰ꣬Ƕ֮Ҳ˵ĸ
ֿ죬ŷʣ޼ϸײʮ꣬λϲ̬ġ
վͱʾѾɶıģģ˵꣬Ц֣ҵļ
˵ǵһ£ҵͷǾͺáҲҺǶԼģѧ˵΢ĩҪȻҪŲصǴҹ͡ˣǴТˡ
׺ٺЦţҲ֪ûС
ˣʾ缸ʱ򷢶Ϊʲôڲųأ֪ʣһ仰ظ˺ü飬зӦ
Ŷ׵ͷ˼Ȼüң˵ʲôţ
ҲͷװƣԵֱ룺˵ʲô
Ųغɣ˵ģȻ˵İɡ
ˣЩδ֪ڵỤ̊Ҳˣ͸µ滻ɺã
ײǣͷڷϼ£˿ŵ
Ǿ˵ˣʱأˡ
תȥſڣϵͻȻ㵽׶Դʲô
Ҳشչˡ̫ϻʣ㼲뿪
˵ĶӰһӹҹҹͬʱʱ齻ãΰ̫ϻʱ¾ڼ֣֮ҵԸ˵һ˵ġ

11

ǰЩʱֱ֣˵ֳ̫ҽȥ˵Ҳܾȣûд󰭡Աֹֻ̾˿͸ˡ
̫ҽˣڷֳܽ壬һֱǽֳģҲڿĵطή̫ҽһֱΪսս鵤ҩҽ֮ˣӣΪҵĴڡǰκ£ֻΪˡҶû˿ı䣬Ϊξף
ַʽĥңһ㣬Լ಻֪ҵԲ㡱һ꣬仰ˣΪҵУ֪ضòܹܵĻشҲⲻǻ£֪˺ԼҸеʹ࣬ôǵദڲʮ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱ;ƿݣҲֶ֪á䣬ʱ򵥵ǲģһ֣ȻޡֻŻᰲĻȥѾߵڣȥҲʥˣ뿴ڿֻ뿪ԭͿԣʱҰ첻ڵλøܡ
˵Լ̰֪޷ƣҲȥơ˵ףֻǨӭңûȫĵ¶õλãΪĲҲǿ֮ô
ֻҰһεޥ԰ûмǿڴ֪УҲڵʱﲢ޼ǿıҪѦ˺ܶΣҲûӦʣֻ׼ÿ¥Ѳӡ
δҲֻŪôҶѣ·ʱȻظеһ˿ϲá
ҲԸҪˡҵʱһڷ˺ڿȵ˾׽
ѵõ޷ĻһЦ߹ȥó𣿡
̧ͷңɵض죬ֵͷȥһ㷹
Ҿ֪ܵõش̴²ˣɵվ￴ԷδΣתż⣬ǽߣеعǼŻ
յĹղķᣬ˵ϲΪӹŸǡЩеȻϡ֮˵궫̫޾⣬ִڹزĹƷв˼ȥ
˶ѡͻȻ
Ҳת
ޱÿָָϡ
ʲô˼һʱӦô
Ȼ뵽Լ֮ǰʻᡭڻشҰɣ
£š
ûֱ֣˵꣬ҿ첽ߵǰ£һڣ̽ضҾ˲
嵭ͷ
ڶ˵û
Ҫ嵭ȽϺãҪҷԸŷζĺ
һۣʮֵѾ㹻˷ܲѣΪ˶뷹һֱͣЪʶֵߡҴΪ˵õעٶʢһʱ˫ֳϣվ뿪
ſǽ棬еʱģر׷Ȼζ
һӣұ߲߸ߡ
ûرԵĶҷԸȻȿ˿ڣôӦܹܰɡ
һǰıʼС˵δš
û˵ôЩȻתһƽĲôղŵܳҪǶΣҲһĥԼһЦ׼յۡ

Ҳŵ̧ͷղ˵˾ʲô̫ᣬҲûֻƺǡΡ
ûпߣƺʵټûʲ£ͣڻƾϣȴֱ˵һ仰
⼧ѹƻͳϻغȾƣǶǰˣ
ˡ
Ⱦƣ
򴽲
ʲôľƣҷԸȥȡҽŵЩıʱ˵ϡ
һҳ飬ˣ˶ණģζվá
ôһ˲һͷҪ£ī֭˾ϣ̲סػֱ֣Լվڿȥ
㡭˺ˣ
˰ղȷһڨֻʳĹһյȥƨɣԿȥ
Ϊͣ˭ֿ֪˿ڣ˺ô
һԸӣҹ֪֪ĻȥɺãѸ㿴
ԣϵץҧס´ŻʾҶš
ûзй⸱ģա
ȥϣҼǶ˻
ϵ̨ҹҲ㲻̨ϵֻббɹص˵ϣ̨һˤ飬ī֭Լ·°ڡ
ҿǣ˶ණģ˱

12

һͳɫҲ촽ҧѪǼۺ̼ҵĸй٣ֱǰȥץ˼ϡ
˵΢èҶûвԣȴΪĵֿȡ
Ҷβϲ᲻һƣˮ㵯£ŽӲ
ֱ֣ʰһ̧Žϣ׽ߡ
Լߡ
ûҪԵʲô̫Ҹϰ˺һ˿û˼壬ǵ¡
ùһҩҽ˵Ǹʹ߳ϵġҩҵóϣʱŵ˳ȣң޺ŰұҵȷʵҲõǰδе㡣ºĿ⣬ȴֻпޡ֪ӵֻ֮ߣԶԶ޷ҹӿĿû뵽˵ζôܡ֮ΨоãֻҪ߳ⷽأº룬ֻҪڣҶ취ŪǣʲôҪ
ˤУȲظȥ
˫ƾܵصҵؿڣǣЩʵ˴Ҳһƺ߳ڣֹͣ˶漴˫۴Ȼ
ûټֱӽгƵҵĺ󱳣һҧ˿ڰ㵯ҹеֻֻܵᰴȥᣬҲ䡣
֮ʣѹҡ
Ҽ죬˵ţľȻɫͷ˺ѣӵϡ
ǴĿĵĸɱ塣ÿһξ͸һΣԼ˲ãͺЩûв˰ɡ
㵽׳ҩû
ۡˡ
ˣҲȥˡ仰ûбҪ˵ڣԺȻ޹أҾ˵ˣҲֻǵһЦѡ
ӰȡƿҷҽֱӰҺ嵹֮УĴʹƤһϸϸͻ𣬼ι΢ֺҲǣҵĶͲ֪ȥָţšһ˽ȥΥġΧ̲סĵ̾
ɡһǣץűֹؽڷףܵŤڱڽͻĲλʵøҲҷ߷ߵٶ룬ȴǰһ綼ûа취
ˡҿʮɨˣͬʱһ˳ֻǰ˻ʱ˾䡣׼ʱһٴШڡ
ҽгסŤ
ʹѵסֵɡҶ𣿡
ܲˣɺҲ˺ݣһֽһְ⿪ΰ¶խķ϶ͦײÿһ¶ᴩĻβžž
ѪҺҵġӡĵطѹ˵ˮڶҡ̡죬ĵֿʧ
Ҳ֪˶ٴΣſѾʹȥˣſϵϢоϵȸȵҺ建ĲãϣǶ̺մϵӡͷеƫ麹ʪķϣ촽ֱҧѪ۰߰ߣ£Ϊ촽ϸµһݷڵĶһӲͦ޾ҼȺ£Ϊ֮ϲš
ּ֮ǰַҵ˴Ӧ״ҰɣϾ˷ǲľԣж
ʲôøжװܹϴܵѾˣ޶ڸǰôܿһͽҹ
ȻѾ͸Ȼڴʲô

13

ϱʱʱЩֱ֣˵㣬֪Ǻ⡣ҹõȷ𣬽ֳԡغ󣬱뻽˷࣬ȴ̲סҪһأ˯£Ѿǳʱˡ
̴źŸµĵԻڵŷζЩƵºһӻңˡ
ǡ
ءʺһ⡣
ͷûɻ֧ʣ̽㲵ǡҵ۾Ըšһڣ˺һظһ䣺ˡ
ȻһߣԼɱӰͬôãǵһʱ˵
ʳŨҪǵôһĳĬ˵ĳ̶ô
һ죬һֱڲס˼£СȺǰ˵еʣһȺ͡ʳΪ족Уǣ˵˽ν·ҲţЧ׿
صޥ԰ʳζȻδŨءȳԷҿű𴦣֮˵һ飬ȴؽӦ
ϸ֦ĩڣҲֵòĥáĻ˻ֲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôǡԼС¶Ҫȥûκΰ취صɳϸװ
ֱ̳¼ڷҲһͷũǹ֮Сӡ
ǣվģǵһҪɡ԰̧°ͣƺڸңǸѧ֮Ļͳ
͢ģһ԰Ϊء°ͲãӺ
⣬Ȼ̸ֹٲȻңƺ˵մ
ʵ飬ҾӪ£ӣЩȽڣʲô
ЦΪʲôƳΪӣԶŪ׵İɣ
ҴЦô˵֣Զ֣½Ҳ
Ŀ
ӣˣû˭Ļѹҡׯ֮ʹұΪ׷ٽտʥһãҲⶥĤݡЩᣬΪĲ̻кΰ
סҴ˰죬һҡͷ׸С飬Щõ̵
Сʱ̵㣬ֻΪ̳һܰؼ֣Ķ֮УҲһۼ߶ʲôӣáⲻ֪ƽ̳лͳ߾ƲӢҪиҲϮǰ˵ǣ㣬Ҷ˶٣ÿָԶ񡣡
ɫɷס
͹𣿿ڻ˲ָλɣɱֵܣƸλ޲磡
ùѪͷľǰУҲЩԲ˳ΥױǴʿ뱻ɱ˰ɣҲǧ֮⡣˴ûбı£ָ䲻ȻԼֺαϧǰ˵ȴҿñ˶ҪصģȻԼѣͲһŭ֮ɱȴβԸѵõıŭ״ϲпɡ
޹ʹҺαطտɲϵ˻ޣֻҪԴ˰ᣬǾͻĴָһûʵۡһޣҶҹҹ㣬ǡ
ҧгݵң嶶ɸһ㡣
㡭ô϶Ǻûʵۣ
»˵Ҹ˵Щµľûб˽ġ
˿һҹ𣿡
ҿЦΪӦ̰ɵ㲻֪
֪뵽ʲôЩִٵصͷ
극һȥ䣬ȥԡʱѾ˯ڴϡ
ʼ˯ܰмʾԸͬߣΪҪϴʱòŪһÿÿ𣬷ԼԿ࣬Ͷú˯ڲࡣ
ҹûзĴ㣬ԡұ㴩ƽɡԺҪߣȴ𣺡Ҳס
ûдǻ׵̫࣬ҾҪһһͣҲ޴˵ΪǸʵͱ
ÿ˳͵ҳԷ˯ӣ˵ʲôˣǰҲζɡ㵽ΪʲôŷҪ߻ʵ۵λã
Ȼסᷳرۣ˵϶ٱ飬ֻһһεɺͳôҷֻҪͺá
Ȩϲ˶㸩׳Ƴӣ˵ûеȨȥ˽ĵ飬ҪȨգ˵ֻǸ׸ɣ
Խ̫ƽΪεˣܾ㲻ϲǽԺʱˣ󷴶ڿȥ̡
ͻȻЦоЦϡƧڻصȫĪеһů
ѵЦȻֹص˵ȫΪҡһ䵥֮ǣ
Ŀڴ˿Ҷʱ޷
ô᣿ϲɫģ꣬ҲҪж٣ԼùֺÿԾͷϲ֮ˣֳңҲûҵǰذɡ
ͳԷʱȣƽüˣȻ˼٩Լ
ΪʲôҪôôҶѿ飿ɣұ붨ڲ֪е㣬ҵıΪʲôҪȥԪذףǼ֮ãһ㶼㡣
˵Щģǲ̫ˡ
ҽղ˵Ļȥ˼ãվ̲ס֧յߣҶ㣬ްԡ
ʾˡ
Ӧٶ˵һٸҴʲôʱͶ˼һֻΪҲķעһһأǲǾͻĻӦˣҲӴĸԸͶҵĻֻ˵һ䡰ԭˡ
΢΢Ľë̾Ϣɻԭλá
˵Ѿ࣬Ҳ˵ˡЩ걻ĥȻеĽ治֪Լʲô͵ɣһ꣬ʮֻ꣬һα㵽

14

RPеѪȣţ֮룬
棬ʼµڴ̸ȻûͻͶδ˸еãܶ¹۸֮ࡣǰ̫˵̫٣һֱһӰӡҲҲû취統ֳӡ̫ӵļӣø߸ϵ۹⿴һС֮ǰһ·ƽ˳̫棬ޱ䣬תΪףҵľǡǡ෴ˣαװ˵졣ɫñǰ࣬۾Ҳ˻ҲҶתധ⣬Ҳȥ漰ɵĻ⣬ΪҪάǢûжϵ
ڱϿһжźõķݽ
ûԪжܲҵ²⡣һֱװ裬ôԴûᣬذӦֱӳҴֻһʱʧȥǣذʱľֹֹ侲ˡ
¹֮࣬˵Ļرر硢ʱʱЦ֮࣬쳣ֱɱˣȴֳٳٲԸ֣ǹ˼ֳǱߣΪȤѽ̫֮٣ʧδ̫Ȥ
ǰҸֳҪԪԷЩֳûԼ´ҿ֪Ϣɡ˵ֳЩ졣
Ϊɱ
۰ΣЩԳصҵҪ
ЦҪˡ
գҽһӤֳǰǸŮ۴ĸ˵Ԫȫࡣ
ֳ̻еС֪롣
¶ȥ׸䣬£ɻǵã
ֳü˼ã·Ȼ飬漴ɫ䣬ס˺ҡ
ʳָ˵Ӥ۵գСҲһˣΪСࡣ˯ɺã
վԭز
ҳ֡Ů𣿡
ߵһ࣬δлָ
ҵġŮ
ü͹Ůһģѵ㣿
ǡҡǡüĸ
ΪʲôҲɱΪʲôҲһ֪£ĸŮһʬ
Щִٵصͷ
㲻þΣô
ҴӹӤһ֣ԭ˯ĺӾ۵ؿֳңһľսҳһЦ룬Ԫһ
㡪ֳסؿڣʻδ꣬űһ߿ίܽģΨһĶӡ
ʣԺһԹԵģҲˣҪȥӣйº£ԪڵϱҵȴޣҲû뵽
СѾûһָŹԵЩҡ
Ԫ㱣֤ԣ
ұ֤ҭҭش
ǾͺãɡǡһǵܵܣҪҪҰСݵǰƳֳǵɫ
ܵܣԪվãȻӹﲻͣŤС
ԣǸĵܵܣ񣿡
Ԫ˳ҵָ򡰲ֳǱض㿪ߡ
Ԫעˣؿҡͷ˵񣡡
ЦճʱҲ˭ġ
ٶ˵˾ţЯˮιӤ
Ԫı֤ʱЧȷʵ쳣ɣԹŲ;ߡֳңֹ°뷹ڿ˿ڣĸסˣ
ҽõϺͶУں
ֳ¼򡣡Ҷѡ
Цô˵ҵҲÿ㡣
Ǹˡ˵ѹŵĶ˵
һϣӲȥͷ
Ԫ̻ʳ˶ٷˣܹȥҪּܵҲ㽫ӵ˳ȥ
ֳĬĬԣŪŷˡԪź߶תȥֹ롰ܵܡ˵Ż
£ʲô
̴ӵľƽ֣󾪿֡
λÿԪĶŸջͷֳվ
ôˣ
Ԫǣ̴վ棬춯˼㷭̱ڵء
ֳֹס߹ȥ̽ʵĲӵغţԪ
Ԫת˫¶ֻѪܵС֣ͷһֻûھ׽Ƥ¶ǺֿʺЦܵܣóԡ
ѪģУݷۡ
ĺɫںڣûϢ
ֳס˫Բɣ̲סŻ˳

15

һºԪΪеһùġ
˵ȻҲøԪ÷財ԵȺԼ֪ҲȻΪʾʵ¶ȴ˼̫׹Ѫٴ뷨Ĵǣر˳Ĭ
Ҳֳ£Դ˲һʡӦõģбļУԪɱǸС
첩֪ࡰ顱֮һеٵķ緶ԸǸӢʢڡм֮ϸ֦ĩڣӲʡ
ˣҲȰ裬Щ⡣
Ϊұ˸ס
ð⣬ƳԪ±ԡ 첩һı㣬ƶԼû
Цˡ䲻ǳеһˡ
ҵױΪҪⲽ塣µʱбµĿǣҹʣȻǲ˸ƤҲ޷ˡ
˶٣Ұϼ޻˵ʲôҹʣⲻǹֳ̽µĹϵûзӦ첩һĸ֮նݳҲݻɽ
ҡͷ˵ʲôǵģëûĺӰˣƲĲΪ
ߣһ֮ذܣΪµǡ
ŭݣ첩Լǿҿô
첩糣ҲʼʿաͼΣòʹڹģʵڲ̿ûҵϸС©һ˵˸ͷ֪ðȻ²죬½
ͷɴ̾˿ҲͰˣ㶼һһðģñŤô
ڳл¡վͷ죬ȴڱЦӡ
ҴӼƵǰͷһǡСӣ޾֪û㾴⡣
˻վȣװģػֹ̿ҡ˵Ƿθ֮ԡ
Ҳ˵һ˵θ֮ԡ߻ȥżӡ޾úȤ
첩ۡ
ѵΪǰÿӣζô
ڱУµҪسɡ첩˵ţתͣ
ܲ˵س֡ûҪ̵˼ֹͣݴˡ
ģ
˼̫ȫҲ鷳ýֻøش޵⼴ɡ
ĿǰȤÿﶼҪҪ֣˵׸ְ֮񾡿ɽҪ֣㹻óתƶС鿴ʵʩЧӦϵ˹ԱС¶ǣ֮ȵսıɱʱҪϺüæáʵڲкȤ
ΣѵȤ
׷ʱơ˼ʮȤ
첩̸¶һְţҺա
޴ˣӦ¬˵¡
첩佫Σ˷ݷأӹңڣҲδؾ͸ս
ҿЦôֻӹˡ
һ䣬ʵ۵Ϊֹòлкβ
Ҳαϰצ˵޶λãûжִţŲţ
£첩ګګܳԡ仰Ǻ˵Դ˰ɡ
´ΡΣ޲ΪɽϻλģҲںʷôдҪĶʼնûбӲ˵ʵܿЦɣ
Ե³޴๣ֻ֪¶þ֡ҪλõǧǧõĲʮˣЩͼΪģ֮١Ϊ²عǰ֮£ֻҪе´εΪʲôͲҪһʼűҲ˳ԸıߣЧȮ֮͡
ǴʩѹôȷʵҲʧͷݶ˵гһõҪĶٲλøȨȥвǿռǸʱǲǲԻλأ
һԶҪ˶٣һۣˡֱԣʵھñҪԸóֱ졣
ҲõƲ졣ֻãα˵ѿ
첩΢Ц洦УӢȴǰ²ΪҪΪ˽鵢벻ҵ񡣡
ˣ͵Ϊֹɡ˵ȥҪСŵ˦ֲɡ
ʵˣĿǳ˼ıùػµةˡ
첩˵ҰֵѾҪֳʲôɫҲзӽĲǣ飬ﷳˣ͵ʵİɡ
ҪʵģѡЩ빬档
첩ŵֹǱһ
ҪǸߥ޴ȰѡСĻؼ
һó˰ۡ

16

ŮӤԪֳľֻȥ̫ҽǱ߸ϣѪҩҲһ͵ޥ԰ȴȫ޸ơ
ûбĺӣαأڴߣһݣܵý
ٶ۵ؽͷתңĿơ̽ɣ˵ǵܵܡǸкͲǲɻȱˡ
ҴҴӣĬĬʵʹּҵİ취ҲԴﵽĿģֳӣЩڵ
ͲװĶԲԣ
ϾףصزҲѵáҾ¡
ܲɱԪ㲻᲻ףϣĴ󻼡
ҳɱԪͿԴݸ
ҡͷֻоʵܣʱֻǲԼѪϾ룬Ͷĸ׺֮ǣԸŹĻҲҪɱңֺαǣأǶ˵֮ûй֮飬ֻһ֪ȣѶں󣬲ڲұͲóм䣬ͷͶ̥ȥһͨ˼ңҲǹһ
ò˵˳ĻʱѾЩ
Ҳġעʻúûţһ㣬ÿָͷһڣάֶ೤ʱ䣿ҿǺСʼ뿴ʹʱıˡ
ңнֳ֡
ҪĻҲЩҩȥ̫ϻδТҲúܡ
˫ֽץס࣬ͺϾҲĸף
ҲںƲ졣һԴң㲢ǲס
ΪʲôΪʲôһģС͡˿£̾۾Ūǡ
ȻӵһУԲᶮ
һӵһУǶǰ£ʲôûˣΨһĶӶȻ
ԳȴŸһְУߺص㲻ض㻹ҡ
ȫһ뽫ѣҽס˲Ϸš
ֻбܿҵĿ⣬ʶˣǾӵ£ûбӵĵ
ֱеɶ֮⣬ҵĴô
쵽벻ѵؿڣԼ˵ֻԸҪҾһ˵Ķ
ֳע֮£ҽȫӣ۶գһ¡
͵ڷΧҺѣ˲֪ãͻȻ˵ˡ
˵գ࣬޶

17

ԽԽˣ´ʱҲԽԽ١Ϊ˲е䣬ڵ¯úȻֲòǽסֿɼĻȥʲôԲе¡ҺõΪֹδٶֻǺػţ³ԷޣʲôʲôΪ˸ʰɡЩţȻ׵ǧĺãͽȻʰףҲÿһΰ㣬ˮƯ
̫ϳگճվٰ鷿м꼸س緹͵ޥ԰
ƤƳɵȦз߹ȥϰᴥͷֳǰ췢˵գ¶ͷ¶ҵ൱ǺˡҰģյʣԷ𣿡
ʵʵ˵ģڳԲ¡
㲻߶Ȼ
ܵءš
ʱԡˣϴõĶͬѬ㣬ȴƲס鶯ĶҶˡ
彩һ˲ҹ
ҹ㷢ģ׼
˵𣬱еÿ¡
ƳۼϿһ档գãȻҡ
̡
ڡ
ȡԷа״Сƿ
ǡ
ɫ䣬ҵ½󣬼صҪ
һԺηҿϣЦ
Ҫ
ӹ˴ƿ֣һҪ̴ȥ
ƿؿڵ֣ٴȰգ㿴ˣͺڷһ㡣
סҡͷ
Ƶڳַȴģ˼Щеؽ⿪ϵ
þȫңȻֹֺû¾ͽ⣬ڿвסԾؿڣ߷ߵ̬ӳܻ⣬ɿ飬Ҽ˷Ӧ
Ĥݵһ縧ļʪĴҲ֮ϡǰת˫ϣͷʱҶְס
Ҫۿͨ촽ףȻں£󼸲ŵؼ֣㡣
˷Чҽʱʧ٣ֻʵϥǣһ΢΢βҽ֮ͿĨȥص־ҵķǽպʹҲͦ硣ͷϣôԸ;ϣԽƵڳϣ˫ȼԼͷ
Ҫ
˫쵽ʮָ׽סҵۿʪ
ҽתҹлЩ׵Ѩʱǿס£һһĳ嶯ӿ
ҪҪѿ׽סҵֲø
ãҲʹأҽ촽յǰǳ˯ڣŪ
ȫ𣬲ŵصһ
ڸʲô
Ҳ֪ԼڸʲôϤġʺλţڷ֪ǰֵˣ˳˵һȥ硱¥Ụ̊ܵûйľԼȡˡŵѵãҲȥʲô·
ſ죬ǰ̽СΪûζܻǻЩų⣬˭֪ںû£ʹһȦѹֲסûͷûΪ˸е˷ܣؽִӡгȦסġʱʱءꡣ
סζԴֱȥס۾һһµҧ촽ȴ޷ֹԽԽܵķӦ԰׵ϣҲֳΡ
ۼ͸Һڴ̲סԽҲܹ֫ٺ˲ʲôܣ˫Ĺ⻬ΰ꣬ʹġҵ촽Ȼϣһţ˽ȥϱֵġںڣͷҲ糢ζǸоʵ˵ϺãҵķӦֲЩ΢ĲʸУҼȡ˵ĻϲС
еԽԽɢ֪ܲʲôʱӭϣ̧һֻӣһֽץҵͷ˫ҲҵĲϣβǰڶţҵĿǻͷɢϣĶսб촰սӳҫ۵ĹâͷƤͻȻƺҵĲרġѵڴ˷µͷһûһµضŪġеƵģʹŤ֫ƴԼͦ͵ҵĿС
ԽԽ߿ȫһ鴤ŨǵҺҿǻҪҪ³ͻȻӴãߣЩģÿŵʹ飬ж̽
΢΢ſ죬ס»ĺᣬ¶СӸ˻ʱ飬漴ͨߡ
ø
Ժ󣬺һբű򿪣ұȵ壬Ҳûκԥ
ֻһʱǰκܹõ˶ܹõ˶Դվûѡ˷Ǹ߹ݸֻ֣ҵĶҲ֪ҲϾ롣
ǴʱѹĿӿе̷һһŰҴӲ֪Լǿңûֳҵ±ֳӣǼֻҪһӴԷͻԿơܲҲܲΧû˿ţֻǼ¡
ұκʱҵֳʱ޿̲壬ÿ춼ȴҹĻĽ١ҲѾ˳ҲͶԲߣǡģ

18

ڴأҲ𣬰ͷļڽ˹ļϲǡ
߸ߵĴ̨
ڿʲ᣿ĵʣ˫ִ˸һ˿˫ơûʲἤҷӦ˿
ȥ濴
һ˲ΪԼˡ
Ѿܶûп÷ˡ¶ı顣ûǵųɫȮֳϲȴ÷
ס֣ȥ
ҷЦʲţ˵Ҫһ뿪᣿
ûСӲʵȷʵò׼е˼µԲýãȴȫȻУκһ紵ݶͻᾪΡ
װʱһۼֿ죬Ҫڵϡ
صһ޺޵صٸҳЩɢˡ
㲻ǸҲû˵¿ʼʳоûٲҩȻԵȡ
ҰץĿͷһ𣬵ȥۣǵҺشЩȻɿ飬ڴڲֻ࣬ǿĳҵĺ㼱
ĸоѱ̵ʮ񣬽ƿЩصˣܲס
ȷֺףһǣŹҪϵĶסҵĿʲ᣿ûĲ𣿡
˺ˡҹ̯ϣѿļָ
һ죬
ǱŪûȥվûС

ˡ
ҽһᱡϸϸһİĿ׳ڵǰ
ǰȥӶ޼ĽӺϴ̾һ㶼
ҪȻǴر
Ƥ𣿡
Լգֻı飬ͼǣϼ⡣
ұЦӦòǡƤ壬ҩر𱣴棬ڿвɫ糣
֪ˣü촽һĻȡ
ߣıȴ
ʱи壬ϰǰ²Ƥʾ
㡭µû°ɣֵصɴۣʵСףƺʺЩֱӵ
̱ӣġǲĻ䣬ȻҷʿĲҺڶʡ
ֱĦ£һջȥͷĬĬ˿һ
ͷ
ϾҪȥ¯ˣһҵȴ⶯ů⡣
ִ֣Ť΢
߰ɡ
ͷҲ绺ǰС
¥ţյůҫϣ̧ס۾
û°ɣ
ţе̡˵ȴͣµĿҲ¶ΥЦݡ
ͿԿõı飬ҩˣһ޷֡
Яվ£ҴΪܹ棬Ȼ˳µǰ飬ÿ꽼룬Ӧ¶ѣȴʼ˭ڰֻһЩʱ䣬ͽܵԸʵ֡
ϣԸеĶһܳþá
𣿡
Ĭۣ㵵
ˣﲻ
ĨĨۿ벻оȻʪʪһƬæû£̫۾ʹ
Ǻܾûгһ̿
Ұ뿪Цصе䣬ܲ꣬ˡ
һ׾س⣺棬ҲԳơҡ᣿
Щ΢޴룬ٴλϼͣ˵ʱȻᡣ
ЩŭңӲصǣָ֮γƺ
ҿЩܲסҪȻȥ¥ˣѦʱѲӣ˫۳ϣֻ¶ǵɨȫ
Ȼö߷ߵص£ܲЩ
㶼ұˣΪѵĻʱкˡ˽֮ǰֻ뵽ùоϳûƺһڣỽҡɡˣָȻáһ󣬾þ춴ʵЩģ˦˦ֵǾͲҪƺƺȥˣ˽Ҳ˵˼仰ǵʱֻѣʲ᣿
˵ʲỰ÷Це¥

19

еǿҾͻæ¹ʰȺϰˣһӶԽһʼĬظ󣬵ʤûбܿȺС·֮ࣿ
վⲻƳĵǣ
ǣҲɡ ۿԶһ˹ǰȾͷ͵
Ҫگպڸɫ˵ȼޣǣ
ۡҪҵݣ
Ȼǲľɫ
˿ڣ˵ʲô˻
ЦŲʵϣǰЩֱ֣ѾˡʾѰһ飬ޥ԰СϢһֱ֣ٲûʺǼޡΪҽ鹱֮½ȥ죬⼸Цúϲ£죬ѹβ١
߲ãԷе÷֡ϰ÷ޣ֦źɫСյڰٻ֮Ե÷⾫
÷⣬ţֱ˼ϣʼ
ȥɡͤѱþơ
ףȦڻ

ʲô˭Ҷ죿˵ô˵ۼӣһǷſ֡
߽Уһ󺮷紵м걻֦ͷ
龰Σ̾Ϊƾôġ
ûǻ¡ǰ˵ϲ÷Ҳֻǿ̵ʫİɡϷ̨磬ÿϮټ̵׾ߣûʲôᶨƵģ÷Ȼ˪ѩţҲǶСѡ
ǰ֦ͷ֮ƼǺһЩ
仰㵱ȲͤԹһվ¾Ƶ̱󵨵ľٶŵŵעҡ
оơ۾һ£÷ƣ
ҵͷ÷ƣΣ
˴ֻһӢۣҲûöˡȺһۻζ̧ͷɫҰ׵һۣϡ
̳ѣֱʾ⣬Ųָ
Īһ˼Щ˵ңƽպϣ
ॡһҨƵ׵˵ϡȻ˫ϥأϿͷ˵šˡ
ԽطǶȥɡ
ΨΨˣɢվʮĺС
˵ڲҵİɣֳЦ⡣
Ҽַ֮£ǲϰź򡣡ҪǱŵһû˼˭Իʵ㡣
ȾͻĹûУʵ۵̫ס
ѾյƹҰ֡ҵľҲ֪
ǰÿȾǺȤȻ¶붼û룬͸ⷨӲɡ
赭д˵ŵ£һԼȵͷϣˬؾٱӭúܣ㵫޷

20

ڳͬʳͬ޵飬ܿʹ˹͢⡣Ȱȫ˻ȥ̲סֱڳϽɡ˵ãԵڣҲֲܡڳ鲢ôƽϢеԽԽ࣬ҾȻҲϰ˲ȥá
ĳ˯ǰǲҪŪʲôţʡЩһһˡŪᣬ˼ʲôʲôģݺһѣڶôһࡣ
ޥ԰з̵Ĺ˶ˡⱾЩţҲδؾûż˼ЩˣҲͲա
˵糯ҳȥǱСǵ鷿һŮԵʺλһ˳
ӾӴǻʺҲڡ˵ſлεʱǣֱӰȥˡ
֪ϱǰԿȴЩģͷԸڼݻعƫݵĺҲûȥˣֻ˯˵
˿Ҳʿ
³ƫƧ̶»ʺ
ǰ֣Ļ׹ԱǶ꣬Ȼ¶˶ǣȴǳҰͨõġٻ˵Ĳˣʺһʣ̽ˡ
ʲô£ڻʺǰԳơū澡ΪֱȻȷѡ
ҰЦҶûǵģô˵óū澡϶ȴȴû˿ɵĻػūʧԣʺˡ
ʺԼҲûϵ׷˺þòŵˡ
ҾȤؽ˯ȥϵ𣺡һ̶ĹŮ˿˵
λ̶ūޥ԰
ô̶Һ󹬣һŮ£Ҳ֪ˣ
֪һ
֪ӵĸ˭
Ͳ̫ˡ
ôһΪ˻ЩʲôŮ˵ŮˣԼ֡
ôˣ
ŶȤ˵ͱˣ˾ô̶
ŮϾҡūദһʱգЩһ
̾Ҳܣ΢Ҫ룬ǿǲɵġ
ѵǡ
ĵҪ۳΢ôҲֲѵҸǰýһ˿ϳԣԲɵ˿
һ¿ɺãϵɤ
ӦЩٶۡ
廹̩ɣ
˿ΡȻǹйҹһ˳Զٷͺ˵仰еģԴϵúȷʵѾδ뵽޶ˡһг衱ԼɷĽǵֲҵ
ţͦõġɣŮ˸ӳ
ĬĬһ⾰ʺʱˣ߰ɡ
ŴŮ߶ǳȥ׼
ͻʺλűߡ
ɡʱ̼ɤźʺݡ
ҿҲǲˣΪ֮
϶뿪֮пգȰӡ
ӣ
ԣԪա
ԪЩظ
ԪǱµλӡ
ŶԡҲкӵġ
˶лˡϸ򸣬˵Ҳ뿪
氲˺ܾãĽŲֻĲɵƿֱŷڡ
ʲôʱģ
ոա
ô𳰷Ļȡ
ô
Ϊ˭һģɣҳĿ֮£Բͬ
̹ȻصԼеλáôҪЩҹȫô
Χﰵ˵Ҳڣʵ۱òô
ֵʱԤܶ࣬һʱ벻˵ʲôá
ߵҸǰḧ޸֮α˹һ
סһ뻳С
ЩĻ̫ϻǱߣң᲻
諣Ҫô˼ҲȾ档
ʱʱ˵ЩңҲԼĪݡ
ѾĹϵٲԸҲı䲻ʲô
ҡֲԸƺԽԽ΢ˡ
ʲôüڵְס
ƣҧĺۼڲڡһ֣һزƽ̹ȥ
ҧﻹǵôָҿ˫һ븲ǵ͹֮ϣҴƺصذѹС鼸ӲͦĺҲ֮ȡ
ôָȥΧеش
ˡ뽫ֳ룬ȴǻˣʹϾ
㲻˵ô֪£ʳָĴָԼġشûҾͷſ֣һ㶼ûз֣۲ССҪѪˬҲ޷ѹֵسڶ
˵֣Լúܸˣҵͷסһߵġ³֮΢΢һûһµؽӴŶˡ
ʹͲ㡭ħŪԼǰﺰʹϥ𣬽űñֱڴ齷ϣŤĻȣƹҸ°סҵļֻΪŸҿҧķͦ
Դ֪˼Ϊֻռһȡ֮ĽܶȴԶֹһ㡣֮ǰҲõӦУһεϷŪţ˼ġ֮բԭ˵ʲôḻͬҲЩĽϰźЩʳ˰ɡ
Цʲô
ҷſġǷ񼢲ʳ
һʹУ˳ץۡ
ҵת˸Ϊ棬ص󵨵񾹸һ壬õ
ϵ¶̿ɫ֪
ʲôԼŰɡ
Ŵǰͷõ
ֻһҾ鳱ӿơ
Ȼˣò񡪡ͷȥ⿪ҵɿͷûþïܴеҪ֮
΢ָ֣۶ʼȣʱ˿
̣¿ˬ̧ͷң˸ԵõĹâ
ҹ򶨵صΪôúŪô
Ҫӿ϶ƼٵԹôˣô
һѽͷúźţ
δ£ֻȻٴΣܾݡǳЦķΧ˵⫵Ҫ
̧ңеɼҶʱԼ쵰͸ҪЦҹȴ򴽣ƺʲôģͷ㽫ѾʹٵĶ˫С

21

ۿʺ컬۵ͷҲ֮̲סȫһ𣬷·ˮᲨУǰһж
ŻδϰߵϣϸµüţٶԼİ࣬ͬʱȴһֽȻͬŰǣңһΰͷ˻𣺡̽ȥ
һʹıǼײɿתͷԥ
㡣
ָǿ˿ĿڣĲĳְ
Ҳûаôţʣһ˼ҲİãҳմҺָ׽򦣬סŵġһС
Ȼʱġůʪȴй֮ƺ߳Լڶ˵زŪĿǻ
ƺھУɴ۾ҵСʲôҲˣҺҵġһ𣬲ܿƵصε齵Ľ֮ϣҲȥߵˮգͷҡ
գգ۲̫׵ӣʧȻסǰ˵Сףһ
⧲ʹй˳æס
㡢㡪
յò֪˵ʲôźãȴдЦˣ¶ȫòġУͷ˱Ӷ˵Ҵĵײһ©ڶ˽ӺϴĹһֽܺ̽ԼʹʱȫȻͬһ磬Ҫ˵ͷݣС飬ҵļӲţĦС
ֻõصĺԼʱġ̡̡
Ҳ֪˶ʱݵһҧ֮£ڴﵽ˶㣬ܿ죬æҵġ³ȴǡñһͷһ
ǵҺŰ𪿡ϣɢҵͷҲ⣬Ǹ֮ǰеĶǼί𾪵飬ڵһѻոϨȼ
æҵزЩҽѹУһ߰æãһߵû뵽ô֡
۹⿴𴦡ǰôźһѡᡣ
Σ
ʵͻȻȴӦܿ죺ˡ
ʵȴʮֲζ֪ڻϷǱȻһ˵ȴһ顣
ȥ档ȵĺ䣬͵
ողš
Ұ̧ͷҲСˣô
ıԹȫԵľǣ٩Щʱ֪ƣҿɲһ
ǵӵҪˡ
һѳҲ£Ժٳԡ
һ糯ǡ
ǵȣҽĿӳϥǣܸռ塣
֮ȦڻУһܼͬϣ⡰顱һƺʲôءֱۣ֣Ӱȥ
׭ʱѾȥܾá
ˣ
ūڣֱ֣һĵ̽˸ͷ
ּ⣬⳯
ֱ֣Ƭ̣Ӧ뿪
ֳؿڴĳˣΪȻصӣò뵽ʫ
˵ո𣬴Ӵ˾糯ҿûչ糯
һᣬҵ濪ʼ糯糯ЩϻǿƲʱ䣬ڶ仹ᣬеĳ嶯Ҳûܵõ磽⣬ڻʵ۵뷨ҸͬܡʵֻҪ糯ʱ䣬ô糯ֱȡ֮ҲôɣԱ컹ûҪڳȺñһ磬ʵıһҲܵٷԡ
̸£ʣ˴ƽʱЩʲô
㲻ôһʺûģҵϾ򣬼ȫˡ
ҡͷ̫㲻֣߿ҲʡţǼ⡣
ľˮʯţǼ⣬ضҲָδȫպϵѨᴥᱡ˵ڣԼе⡣
һڣĿҵ֡Ҳ˵Цöߡ
֮ǰʺ£΢ôŶûһҪ۸ˣ
ӵˣõһЩΣ
仰˵ʵڿЦҲ֪˭ӷ֮ʱͷѰ֡
ΪҶȫŮˡ֪߷ܳ֡ҲЩΣǴ˻ػ֮ǣȴĪԽܡ
̾ŮҪĺ˲ͬȥǺͺӣ˵强ȷͺࡣ
Ǿ̸֮
ڷҵĿãͷʵڲʲô
ᡣ
ûвˣҺõúܣңոȥ￴˭
ԼҪ£
Ҷ˵˴ҽϣЬǰߡſͻж˺һȻȥ
һȥΣȥ˵强ˣ
ڷƢ
ҷԸ̰ڼݣŭߵſڣֲĵؼ߻ȥվڴǰһ㶼ף
ɫҲ̫ÿܳصʲô
ҷȥ

22

ڻʺӵ޹ʮ죬ÿ컻һͰ磬ŮСһ𣬲ͻǿ衣Ȼ˵úܣΪ֮ϵЩ΢Ļʺ͵ϣҲһ
Ķ䱦ȥƨô꣬Ҷ˰Ľĸоˡ
ѾиˣϽԪĸߣϳ˷̵Ĺˣֻ
վһ߿ңʵ鲻ѣ
ûУһºȾơҰ֡Ҳưʲôģǽ֣÷ţֶ˵̫αǶԣ԰ɡ
ԵǲȾô
ķʱ򣬲һǧ
ںλ˶ɡ
Һʣôô˵
ЦЦҶ֪
Ƶؾһҵÿԡ
Ȼ֪Ҳƣ˵ʵڵģ檵ȶϣһֱȥ
Ҫѣ浹СǺȵ
ô˵˳
ҽһںȸɡʲż¶ǣͱѳֻĶˡ
檿ÿǿջЦĲ̡
Щ룬Ҳ԰˳Ļ˵÷·Էθҵۿ죬Դģ治٣ֻǵˣô꣬һǿ
ҡͷͷϵҲŻζ檵ñһֱǿԼµǻ֮ȻȻʱ٣Լоó²ûбǰ
ұܿҵֻۣʵ٣ѹ𣿡
̾ѹȻ⣬ǣ檵ĸֳĸ˲أ翴ˣǰзĲԼϵ׼¼ȻһͬʣʲôñԹ
һͬʣЦ֮ǰǿԼ֪ڻһͬʣ
ˮ˫ֱҡˡֱԣҹǵģòŮӣǵ»ӡǰľ棬ó檵ȽһЩ
˵ҲԡˣôڣŪСвǵĵλҲǣҲҲңȾʲôֵĲɡ
㣬ֻҪ֪޿ģǾͲ̫ǰ
ô˵ͳԿЩˡ
ڲҲüɡϰ뿪ЦصͣڴԺܶء˵
ɡ
ף
ɵġûа취ûа취
¡
ǣ˼ƫƫϡ͵ؽԲ·ͶǸˣעƷ衣

23

Ҳ߻سʱҹֵ޵ľʿȻѲ߲ͣſڵʱֱ֣ǰѯʣ˯ˡ
Žȥ΢ճƣƿᣣڴϰԡ߽ȥؾ˫ַǰж£ɫƽӱЩЩóԺ˯òˡ
ֻǣҶǣûʧӹ˰죬ǵûаͽЧ֪ûߵжġ
ɵһģΪʲΪ˸ط˸Ƶģںأ
ҪΣҪ֣ûе·ܵʲʱ֮ܵˣֻѡǰ߰աֻǲ岻ίʵ̫˲Żв첻֮ѣҷʥͣԼϿʲأιϵǿ󣬲֮ǰ᲻죬Ƥһ񣬻ͻˡ
뵽ֱ׳ȥޱ
ѣ۾籦ʯתâи̾ǲֻһˣ֪ԽԽÿ
ҾüüḧüٸƽǶΣ̧׽סҵ
͸˵ˣҪ˯
ζȻμң
ɢȻ
㩤
Ҷף񣬲ˡ
Ƿ˯ȥΪ泯࣬óһλøңҲֻǲֵıϡ
ΪӦ˭֪Цţ뺣Ӱ١ı֣ͺǰÿһλûȻʮ첻棬˵ʲᶼǡ
ȤػźϴǵеְŪúܴҲûһ
˴Ǹˣֻһ綹£ԽУϾΥϢ˽һ壬˶
ûɿԼ⣬ëֽµ°ڣʵĴ˲̾˵ļûŮǵ⻬ûкӰĴƣֻҪմˣҲˡ
ûҾͷȫӲɢܵϢǺܾûгֹ״ҽͷǿаԼߣ۾ôģа˯⡣
㲻Ҫ᣿
ӱǿ˿Ǳ£ֻҪҪҲ
⻰СС˻
ҪĻڴ˵أĪߴ·
Ҵᱳס˫ۻǰ°ϣûһȻ˸ǵı´ηȥ
סЦʣҸʲ᣿
㻹һӲɣ
´ҪҵСް
Իһ䣬һҪҡ
򦣬ŭ̲סЦ

24

ٹȡ糯ӳ糯ʱ䣬ۣǷԶ޳٣˼ǹҹ𴲡ںпȹſӣҲΪ࣬Ϊֻгеҫ˵¾ʹ˸ȴûǰÿǸճ졢һ졣
Ҽһʱ˴鷿ְԱÿڳ⣬̫಻ա
鷿ۣһ߷ǰ˱ʼǡͨĥ֮أֻҪûиҪҪҲʱҡ
ûжȤڶʱŸ׶٣㡾ְءڼûбҪҲּ˽̫£ÿ鷿ǴЩñڰֽдд
£ү

ǡ
һߣѾʰ鱾ʣ豭档
ҿıӰ㶣˭֪ͻȻعͷյҶߵ֪﷢ʲô
˳ʲôгһĵĺֽ̯ǰ
ǴͼССʮɫ̻Ϊϸ¡Ҫģÿһչֵģ֮佻
ܶදδԹЩԾԾԵһͼ̵ͨͼ䡣
һȣȥķ񣬺ܾԺŷ첩վڽ£ôûйĿҡ
첩̸ЩʲôѾǵˣڸ֮ҴæͷĻƣֱ֣͵ʡԼ䣬ֵûڵء
֪˶ʱ浹ڴϣڴڴ
ôۣҷ߾õȣڵġ׵Ѩ΢΢ⷭ³һ˿˿֭Һ
ɤӵÿҳһĶ𣿡
ҷˮϣеɫ䣬һ֪
˸۹û̿Դ򣬾Ұ
ҲЦˣﶼһİ޻ء
ʪܵ޷ͻȻૣ治ƽ
ʲô
Ǹʱ򣬲ǶͦĿôΪʲôȻǰÿ
ÿ֮󣬾û˸˵ˡ
ÿֵ֮Уÿˡҵ˵ƣеЦӰ
ô죿
ţʲô£
һأ˵ô죿
ȻУװǹˡͣ¡үҺۣ´κòá
˭˵ֻֽԼ롣
ºҵһھǰԼ´Σ漴Ըֱ֣ؽʥƷһ嵥ϡ

25

س߽ţǰ빬ŮſʱǻʺǱߵŮٻŻŶ
̤żֻܷŶ϶޳нΣ˫ֽǰЩ¶˼ı顣
ô£ٳûǴĻ£ڻкЩӡ
ҲǿʳӿɺáȱʲôȻѶ˵òòҲøҰɡָָʮƥɫ޵ϺóУԼɶѹʶĿΡ˻ûߣԹҲˣұЩ˵ԼǱ߶ģ֬ˮ۶У֪ʲôٽǻʺмЩô飬ҪڲôˣͻҲǿġ
ҿһʣһʱЩ͡
ԭô󷽣͸ǵĶȣ˼ұнڼ󣿡ΪȻƲ졣
Ĵ˿ͷʤ̣Ǿܸʹ͡
ƽǲ㿶ͶжʺдõĲҲޡ˵ճöȶ֧Լ˽´͹Ůô¹ٰģҲСһóණǡʣ¡򵥡
ͻȻҶʲô
ˣ󡣡
ʲô
Ĳ֪
ʵҡͷ
ʲôʱĳٶ̾Ϊֹ
ϴβ˿ϵнҺȥԪôл񡣡
ԭˡҼʱ㣿۽ҡ
úã˵ǾͲǡԼҪȥģ˰ɣ
ôЩϣȰȥǵģɫЩѿƺԼеĹڸС
Լֻ˼ɣֱʣҲȽϼ򵥡
ôʺ͹ȻˣҲ˺󣿲ʧô
ֻĿǣҲֻ͡ȷҸǰ˵ʮãȴùϵԺ²˳Щ
ʲô£

ôϵش飬˵ʲô
ҲأҲ֪ƴǣ§ߣ˵˵ӦĸȽϺãҲѯʹһЩˣǳĻش첩ǲε˵һĸˣȻȻλʵۡ
üͷ̫Ѩϰ£ʵмӣ

ôʱ򣬾˰ɡ
˵أ
ǷȻ΢΢ͷճӰɣһֱġ
˵һֱҲ뿴ǵٷ
˵ĺ˭˭ǸҲҺֹϵ
ҵӣ̿
ֻ뵽ôԪԪvֻʮ꣬Ԫܸ֮꣬ʲô
Ŷˣ֮¶ʮ㡣˵֮£ֻҪҾͲܱɡ
룬ٴһ㣬˭Ĳ֣ķڷôλþͽ
Цûô׵£뵱Ĳܱĸֵܶ߳һأҸõ𣿸ʰѴλ𣿡
ҵΪ״ûаҵܹƽƽĶӣҲһ뷨
ɫתճӸ߳һأⲻҼҲеĳɼ
ǰԹͣԿܴܲһʼı䡣
׳־
̾ɥ֮УҾ͵ûз֣ʵֻΪԼɡλҲǿٵ֮٣֮ÿһѭӼ̵ĹءȻ¶һˣһͲͷĻʵѭЧҲͲر۶λǧ
֮Աǡ㲻첻µزôˣʲôǰ
𣿡ϵЦһа񡣡Ȼ˻֮У͵лȱһҪҪϣ
װͰ͵ۡʲô
ֻҪӦʣޡһ飬Ǹλã
ҧ
ѵ㲻⣿õλ̫ͣҲð졣ҼںԺе÷ŵīͣдЩƪۣרʺ֮Ҫ뼱ȣֻҪм˵Ĺ٣ϲĦʥǽͷݳ˵һʺڱСʱ
ұ죡ץһöСԲʣݺݳˤ
ҴЦǰץ֣ԽҹԽ
Բص빬ˣ䣬ֱգʱг֮һƬ
Ȼֹס϶
ҿҲûس֡û£¡
ǣ
űǱж뿪
ҴȤ㿴Ժ˵ǲǶЩ
ûлػ
ֵصͷȥֻɫ԰ף˽һС
ôˣ
ȻĬ
𣿡ҷֿ˾룬档
ңг֣漴Ȼ
㲻Ҫ
·ʹɫͷȥ
Ҵ󼱣ߺ̫ҽͬʱһǰڡûзӦ۾Сһʣϸ֮²ű߶ŵĻҪҪɱǣҪ
ҽŵϣŸշԾģ³׵ڡ
ղ

26

̫ҽδƳʲôëʱҲָԭ״Ƕյûзǵ˻ȥ˵޹»֮Ҳվڻʺǵԣ۽½ȴһӻңȻίȫһ徲ÿ춼ð
ˮȥת۶ȥ
ϲҸ£ȻҲûܾؿȥҲͻȻʣǲˣ
һ㵡𣿡
ԭǻģڱֱϵλá
ֱ˰ɣЦȴ֪˵Ĳ١
ǻЩ꣬񷱶֮࣬߹Ѿûȥˡÿο¬˫ǣ;Լֵ̬ûãһ˵ס͵
ԽԽòȥ糯Ҿʹֱּ֣ȡõĹԷȥѦҲ˸ϡ
δʧ׼ͷȻϲʵ統ֻ꣬رˣɫѰҲľͷӲһֻҰֻҰãѦ˼Ȱ˵֮£Ŵع
ԶԶͿſȴɿҼΣбȸոճɹɱ¹ʱϲá
߽ȥסڱǡ
ʲôζ
ȥԡ
һʱӦֱж¸ڱĹŻȻͷʵջΣ
ҵصϼӲˣ
Ȼݵ⵽˵ڶϾͳ˳ܣʹ𴲶֮½ֱ֣ȥ̫ҽԺ
£Ժÿ춼԰ɡڴͷڰĦʿַ֮£Ϊ˱ƴסЩֻ
Ϊʲô
մ˯ɲ١ŵһ㡣
¶ǵԴðĦʿŵ־أҧ
ֻһʱϰߣЩʱձˡ
¼ͨ׳꣬ȻǽѾУȴȫǲΪȻɫ쳣
ơ˻㣡
ǣǣ
ԺҼÿ糯ȥǽԣӵ𽥶˴ԷǶԺ½ײϲԣ˹ģޣȻҲ١ɽ¹֮ĴһûʹˣֻʣЩûʲô˼ɽԾˡ
һȥ˵£˵Ҫǿ壬ÿŹһȦܰٲ
ˣ𣿡Ҳ֪һ֮ܲʧͳɡ
ԼƳܵΣЦһŵȻԷط̫СΧˣ
Ҵձ볯Χ첩һԣ˵˾˲ƣ˷׷׸͡ʻ飬Щ긮еĽɳãͷǣȥʵ˵ԣúܣתȻϣұ˵ѶλǹöȣҹҶĽڼ²ôһǮһ˵ģʵڿա
֮󣬳ʱ˼ѡΧڣҶ뾩ײԶĲɽءʮպ󹤲Ա뱸½տʼ
ڻﾲ˵ɽΧʩ룬ʵҲԸȥô
ұûϵԸͷ¶棬Щ⣬ϻش𣺡ʲôУȥԣվһ
ð˶ôֳһǣ㲻˶࣬ҾͽǲҪ

27

һֻëҰôӲԶĲݴ˳Ƴۼұչ֡βһ֮⣬ҰݴУһͲˡ
Ѿǽĵʧ֣Ϧ¶ʱɫתͷ̴ϹΨһһֻСɽֳݸ̡
ȥˣ
һۡȻΣ
ֻؾͺˡ
Բԡõţתͷ
ЦֵһͬԣϰֻΧԼһδ䣬ĳ˵
Ҵ׷ԹڻĹĵԳã
Ҹͣԣ̫٣ҲζȻȲɽԳɣܺú֮֡
عͷɽǱߣʲôʱ򽨺ã
Ҫһء
ۡôãҼǵø̫ϻ֮ǰϼɽй¡
ٸۣ˹ްɡ
һǶ໨Ǯ˵£Ѿ˽Χαںǵϸ֦ĩڣ
һҲǣ̾Ҫָ˵ӣæϳ˵˵
ϣܹȥչնЦµĻѣǰյһƬá֪УҶ콫֮òˡ
Էڽ⣬ӣܿˮ֧㽭ѵƵʱ֣㽭־ǾҹʤأԶԶŲپƹӰںϣһɷֳפۿ
ĵһһϴֳĺ֣ʮָ֣·оҡһüֹ˼򵥵ĵطҲ
ҴսʣҪȥһôŪ
֮£𾪵ؿңʲôЦ˵һȳ˳ȥ
صУֱţɫʼ벻͸Ǿ仰ȫȻû⣬ôͿЩƣҲͲȥʾá
ĲɵۣҷԸ׼ԡֱ֣˵ҲڳǱֱ֣ګګ˵
˾СĹܡЦʹһ
Ȼŭ鲻һ˲漴ֻܿЦ˭ˣӵȨʲô϶ұνɻˡ
̹Ůֹ߽뵵ԡءˮĲϼ£Ѿȡ£òý͸
̨ײԡأҾ͵ֻԼһˣȡ趹ͿĨԡĦ塣⻹ǰ಻סƵƵȥ׽ı飬ȴֻһ޶ԣͣҼֱ볪ʲô磽
һۣҽӸţҲܣֱšԳޥ԰ִʵڲ࣬һӲ֪Ӧԡȿ˿ڣǸֻܻˣȥʲôΧʲôãŪʲôš
ҲԼҪȥģڷҵˣдһ𣬱Ҳضȥô˵Ҫվǰһͬܳô
ٿԶվ϶ദۼȻɼ˹ˮȥ˵û˭֪Ȼץرߵľ賯һʼδܣȴԱһǣľڳУϴˮ
֪ʹѪȻŭˮߣˮС
㷢ʲô裿Ҷٻˣ軵ļһ
վ𣬷ųرһ߿һ߹Цǵͨ죬ëȻ
񡭡ȿȡ塭ȿȡɵնɣ
˵ʲôкȻôֳ
סؿڣãƽĿ⿴ųˮ
֪ôҵһγ빬ţ˭мӿڿ̫ǧ꣬Ҹг֣ʿ;յУ˱֮ԷǰҲȥʱŭǰӵǿһ칭ңз֮ǽ㽭ϸҸǳͣոӣڶ͢еĵ֣Խ֮䴫ַӣ·ϱӵһãš˵ǲ̫ˣڱ⸱ӣ׹ȥüҡͷƺô·˼
֡׹ˣͷ­ڳͷҹ˶֪
𣿡Ǳסҡ
ϿҰʿӣ߻¹дԴƷΪܣԸޥ԰꣬־ɶŰý±ΪأȻǾ˽֪㾹ȻǵˣԽ˵ԽԼıʵסļȫ䡣
ǡô
ȻϷԣղ˵Щȫ棬ɱ̫˱ţҵĲǣ׹Ժǻ졣
ɣ㡪
¶εЦݣıӣˣЩҲ׵ļõĳƺװ
ͷңʮ˫ΣŪȲסһͦڡ
ƺһʹ࣬ʮָǶҵļͷ
Ц㻹˵ʲô壬ձץѪܣҲûʲô
һ˳룬ȵϴԡˮضסƽּѹڲҲŪʪƽա
šɡ
װһֹסǰ˽ͦġǵŤ
װװ޺Ū֮£ûþͽ罦ڳС
ʧӣȻĶϢȴƽ
ҲǸûطסˡ

28

Ҷ첩ҦĴͶǨ֮£˶ʮ֡ϾЩ걱æзߣԭȷʵǨıҪڡҲֱԣֻ˵ǰɶԼɶӪΪȫ֮ɣ¾ͱ첩ԴǼҲ˵һҦĴͶԣֻýҸá
ȻǨ֮вУұ˴޳ֱʾסʱµĨһɶŰݡ
Ҳû˵Ҫҳȥԣÿ³ֻҪע⵽ĿƮ⣬оһһĲ
ɽΧ޽ɹʱֵҰӥ＾ڣҴŻ岢йԱͬģ
ΧӪѲߣȻֵȫڻ£йҲۼ滶糡ȫҿ֮󣬵ʱʹ͹
ֳҲͬУطûκӡ泩٣ÿҴµʱ䣬Ҳ飬Լȥ
ߵС̫˵ӼֻǵкԱȴУԴֻǳ߹Եһͷɻҹʱ¬˫ͻȻԪ죬ҵ֮硣ʺһɵĹԱҲæԪvд£޼ʱձܾùԪϱڻѾ˯ˡ
ԪԪvֱʮʮ꣬Ѿǻ˼ͣԪ䣬Ԫvģĸ׽õҵûжĸ֮ģԪս±ѽҿ󣬸׽һЩ
˵̫ӵô
ֳײײңĻпԽҲʮ档
ͣϯڳȻ˵ȴʼշĹעҵķӦġɡ֮ˣͻȻǲֱԵ˼ƣӦԡ
ǰô
Ҿúۣܺ㿴һֱû̫ӣһҪ鷳ġ
Ϊ鷳
Ҳڲָţǿգ˵ĶӣǶüͷҲЩ²̨ȴֱֱֻؿңҲȴлᴵ߷磬ǲң˭ȥ
һûӻʷվ˳£дֱɲʧͳǹƷ޽ף²ţΪӦ֮𣡡
ԷЦվ˸ҾҪˡ
ס޴䣬ѣ㲻óãҷſԺ˵ǡ
ôЦЦ£ʷͬһѣҲػڼ䲻һۡ
ֳһƣΪ˵Ȼˣھ͸Ʒպöԡ
һۡץŰѱߵ
ٺЦŲ˵⼸ߵﶼм˲ŭûطйȻʺֻһԶѣܴӦͬ˾˵ġ
̫ӵ»û˵꣬ҿˣڿʼλ꣬˭õ˭̫ӡ
Ⱥ֮Ц
ѡ̫ӣδš
¹عΪˣô
ʲôݣЦˣ
ʲô⣬ǻ֮
ǾòôֺһĨôԲҪףˣ±㽫ӵԵ̣ܴĥ̫ӡ
ȺĬ漴ƿڴָԻڡʥڼҷơ
ֻЦеغȾƳԲˡ
΢ƽϢҦĴǰʵԣǱ⣿
ϰѻӹȥΪƲ壺˵ģ֪
ҦĴͳʷԣʷУ˵ãȴҲǾԲ֮˵ÿ֣ʷ֮⣬Ϸ
һҲһǧ﹦˭Դԡ
Ҧ㲦ܽˡһҾҦĴҲ񣬱صλһʱ˸ͷ˵սҶߣ֮Ҫס⡣
ոһ˼ŻȻȴ֪ϲǸǡ
ԼԸعȴ飬ֵø˵顣סйʮͷĺӣȴܹģд󳼸ͬ¡
ǿ͸ҵͷëС򣬵ǷҪһأԸһ²ô㳼ʵʲôõġ
ûлӦҪȥ˯ˡ˵Ҫ
ס֣ε̾˿
סҵֱۣЦ÷ÿ

29

գҳƲگɻʺԪv£ҦศºĴ󲿷Աһؾȴ
ӼֱƻãıǸ鹹еҰֿҵҹƣȴ޷ݡǻҡ־Ǻ֮µıŤһһξܾҵ󻶣ȴڰư֮±òø߿ɿĻﲻвȣҲȻȻѿڶѪڣȻ޴档ºʱ̣ҴңʱҪʹһȻֻЦǵһӵһʵʵڵԷĽСΣطѾȥ֤Ҷ飬ǧȥĮһ˿һĻӦ
֪ҰģҲȴԸȥ
ΪضķôҸ֮¡Ȼ󲻵ãôҲľࡣ
ǰһΣҶȫӮ£ǷǰˣȫȻûеףΨһģֻеȴѡ
Ļڵȴ˭ڵȴУܻعⷵհ񻶣
ҡͷЦֹ˼ߣעתǰ
ô˯
ʱ鷿Ϲ²衣
֡˯ЩҪꡣ
̫űһͬԣѾǸĳϣǰǿۣδ⡣񽻸ةӰףĽȻᰴʱʱбȻкüǴڲˡشҸϿؾۣû˼һֱԸ⣬ĵڡٲǣ첩ҪˣԻҧҧȥЪϢк£ûӦֻĥĥվߡҶǳľֹϰΪ裬ůⰻȻ
ֱֱң첻˵
ôˣ
촽˶̫û˵ʲô
һãȻӣһ˯ţ
Ŷ
ط뿪䲱ӶǺġ
ŷӦæ豼ȥס
ֻ֪Ҫ;ѣȴѧԵ˫һӣƴͷײҵš
ſ
˵һҾͷš

㲻˵ҾͲطˣܵýɣ
Ȼ̧ͷңͻȻְҵ˫סҲȵģǰһͱ䡣
Ĵ
ѿĿ߷ߴǡǣҵĴ
ҲҪĴҵţʡ
ҽսУͷ£һá
ֻסҵССůȴһ̾
ط
šˮϸǳҫ
˷ֱһҪϺü֣˶㽫ƵڴϣÿڷҲãԼ͵ϵѨУͬʱ
ƻҵȴδȫЩʱ˳̫֣Ȼ߳ޥ԰ʼҲһǲԽԽ֪׹ı䣬ָֻͼ˫ۣɱеӰޣһͬͶΡ

30

ʱ俰˴꣬Ȼסڲɽй֮ǰ룬Ԫ̵֮ܵ˵ڼкЩͷʹ£ҵǰδеңҲǻһߣŸ˯ȥֱ֣ȴл޼ˣҽ˰ٺãС𴲡
ʲô£
ة
鷿򡣡
ǡ
ڹŮ´æϴ³ţкǲá첩ĸ˲߰˴ΣҲǴ˵飬Ҫҡ
һ̤鷿ұõص֣޲д𣿡
첩վֵΪ֮¡
ɫȻһôˣ
㽭ξڣ̵Ȼ޴档
Ҵ󺧡㽭طֹũɣ͢ƸϳΣһ֣ͬСɡӹ̹£ȥ궬گô
첩ص¶Ҫޣʮŵ㽭ã뱻ɽĹңʱ衣
ȷд¡ҵʱýˮ٣㽭ֱֺ㲻ˣ޵ƿӺ˭뵽ȴˮ˹
˵Щˣٿ֣ط·£ȫڣ±Ҧȥ졣
첩վŲ
ôˣ
л֣ľ
Ǳ֣
¾ã⻹Ǯô
ҿɫоĪǰЩ̵㣬ѵڻٲɣ
Ϊ»ǵǰЩ£첩Цһǰ󺵣пδգ˰ţٲַǮáȥΧǮĹĹδɣ񻨷ѴһٰʮϮҹʮӭս֮ҪйʿİǰЩگйҪȥĶ¿
Ǽ滹飬ޱ仯Ŀ´ʣĲֻͣˣĪǽҽǮ³ôǽйݲˣȥʰա
첩ҰΣѮಡ齣׼ǹٻؼҾТ
ЦڹۣҪӲɣ
ڼ֮ɾ֪̫δ³ȫ
ҹЦڿϳ޲ˣ⵹˿
첩̾¼λ֮ҵҵרıʹƲϲӢҲɱΪȴóĻˡ
ұͲΪ㲻֪
Ϊ˽Թȡأôǧ֮£δؾûк˭֪
˵üȴͻȻúۣڰֵź࣬ȴѾ־
첩ŭ߹׽סҵ䣬еصҪԻ٣޹
ޡܲôˡҳ䣬̧սѵļ򣬡߰ɣ֮ʱȻٳɽΪЧ
첩ЦҲ˹ӣʶѣسпɣҪʰǰ̯ӿɲԶˣôöأ
Ц֮ԪǼλˣ
첩Ȼ˵ȥӵԪӣѲ֪ɴۿҰΣڴȥĲҵ飬֪̾ˣαص
Ȼ¾ģһô
հգҲһˡЦΪԴչͼ˭֪ôϡ첩ʼֱͦļ米ɣɫʱ˱ʮꡣ
ֻжֵܣдЩΣҪ԰οֱ֣ţ£ˣĴ
㿴һˡָָ޹򣬶ЦЦߵſֻͷ㰡Ҳ֪ɡ
ͱ¡仰Լвûлͷ
Ҳһ𣬱

31

ֳǿ˫ڿҽıϣǷʵȥˣ
첩ߡ
Ŷ˫ŵĺӰй߾ͱҶӴĿʾˡ
ţԺ󲻻ˡ
Ϊʲô
ǣ׼ˡ
·һ˲˯ȫȻң˵Ǹة첩
ûеڶɡ
ΪΪʲôѵʿڿˮ
Ȼǲˡ
۲תͻȻһЦˣ
޷ϣģһɢ
һüë࣬ˣ
Ҳ÷
ڴϹ˫ֲסҵĲӶҵûɵصҿû㷳ģɫھʱ˲١
л֣㽭ˮϵѣҿܱߣһĹ룬ȴƫƫ˵ǲϲڳͷҵ̰ģ
ҵĽע֮£û΢Ц¶ֻƮƮ˵겻ʮôεġ
ΪʲôϣĲ⽵
΢üôô룿
ȫֲ²⣬ݸŽֹ¹ѩԽԽ࣬ɲҲš
㡭ûҲ˹ɢԣڵرܿҵעӡ
֪ҲäֻǲԸԣ
ҲԽաλԲ˳ô˫۾ڿʱʱԼʧܣڿȻǲž߲㣬졣
ְЦץҵֱۣʹͷ˿Ŀ䣬ҲȨֻ֣б˼ķݣȴΪʲôһ˳̶ȵŶûУ
һαëãصҲΪʼûиģ
ңЦָԼıӡ˵ң
õĶôʼղҡҽָǰƽһйһʱ̣ΪȻ
ôЦݣǴڽֲˣ
벻ǣײܾȲ⣬˿˼ʱ䣬˿ʵıˣ㲻˵δ۾ǵ¥ϣãô
Щ㱵ңǺãô
˳ĿƳһɳ©ȻҪ
Ҳգ˯зȥϾЪڴϡ
ҪٹŮ£ֵ˼Ƶĵڸǰֿģǲ˯ˡѸ·Լô֪ȥ
̧չˣѡ
һۣ˫æµܳһʱֻһźɫͷ­ǰ΢΢ζǻӿϲİСҲαҲգ˵ĵȷȷо˿֣ղŶ첩˵ģҸ֪㡣
ӳϾװôѣֲɣŪ˰㽫һӦν¡ţҽۣûãֻͷ㲻һøߺܵô
Ըۿӱεص㿴ҪǺŪˡ
󣡡㿪ʼڶţûһֱӰ
ۿס߬ŦûзӦЦοӷòο¾ȥá
ŦһԼ죡˭Ҳ
ҾúЦһٻˣǲĹĵӣ˳ëΪúãͷɣĶ
䵹ڽߺеݵҸǰ
ûиɹ˰죬ټһϹָ㣬˵ǶȥˣŤ˵ȴڡ
ȥƣóۣѿ
ûҪȴͷŦЦ֮߻ǲײࡣ
ͣɲǼ޶ҹ´ڵΣֻڷ飬̧ͷ۹ӴʱһЦ֫彻ʱоʵ
⿪ҵķ裬ʼò̫ãͷƤʱʹʵνֻ̰ͭӳգƽΪͷһҪ
Ըʱͣһ̲ǰʱľͷٿ

32

¥һסһ£ˮһ֧糽ԱнӳѲסҲдãطӭϹֹزڻ¡ʱһСĴʱ飬ӳҰʦױĹߣ˼ʮԲƳ֮ʱӹĹ࣬ѣԾ֮˷ǳѵһ裬Ҳƴ˵㣬ʱʱײ״Цø
ͷϣֱ֣˵ٺǰЩ㽭ʮ䣬ǲʾѹ
ҳôգ΢װӸո˴ϡ
ˣ
ٿһۣͷͷЩ˶ʵͽׯںٸַ֣ʵڻȥ췴Գ֮͢ǻḧΪѡ
Ȼˣȥͺá
ƺţ̧ͷ˵
ЦΪ޶ҪϾɱŷϽΪǲǣ
ٽɳ㲻㡣
뿴Ҳǿɱ¾գαǰȥ
ϸҡͻȻһѴ£ﶼڴʵ۵ʧķ裬ôڿͦ׵ģ
ҲеĴ£˵ֻҪİ֮˵ζѡ
㡢ֱŭָңǻصУо֮ʱյܱԪѾȥ˱Էȡ£İ޿ײ룬֪˰ɣ
ҵͷǰء
׺װ빬븸׻棬ͨϼ˴磬˵Ҳû˿壬ͽǰͷţѡ
ٺţֵˣ̵黹У˵仰ɣһô죿
ô졣
ɶ
ҪνԹûкô
Ҫλ
ҿŴתƵӰ
㡢㡪ث֣ƴţ֪㿴ϵľȻǸˣӾ£
ҹЦޣܳԵô֣
صȻ˾͸ҹԹԵĻʵۣЩ˲Ƶ¶ͣҲһٻ󡣡
ΧҪһͬԣĹԸҪᣬй˵Ϸůϣ˲νֻҪˡ㿴˿ģռλá
ٰεʡȥɱ
ҳΧҪɱɱҡ
㡪
ɥһۣŻСۣһԶȥ
˿֮ӳµĽ
첩Ȼˣٻ䣬¬˫ƽϽҦĴͰȳ֡ѫۣЩҵֶͬΪĳǼҲ֮ǰɡ
һ˦䣬Цա
ôôˣӭǵҵĻУΣľ
뵽ߣҾ͸ˡ
𣿡ɵЦ޳ָϻ
׽ס֣ڴһһµǣ뿪ңòã
ʲô
˫ۣǳǳ漴

33

ֹȥ£¥غʻΧ˯ҹҸеһļ£ѹİŴѾʧȡ
ȻóأҼǷѾϸԼֻޣֻ˯ȥߡֱ֣Ůǽڵϣɫƽǻ˯ȥ
ˡˣ
ڣ
ӳӦǰΣһ
£
״
糣״
Ѧ
Ѧʱ봬˵ȥýǢ񡣡
һˣ
һ档
ҽӳ׼ۣҹtн
ҳѲ糽;ڰн令˵Զڰ漴棬ֻҪûеǰӲԶ
˳ԼĪʮƼһС«έԵ˴ӿխһЩĴֻתȥǰҲˮˮݷïǲĺõص㡣ٽֶȻȶԷ࣬ûñ㿿ȥֻ֮ң
ҴѦ
滮Ӱסֻվ΢¶ס
¡
֪ʱ̫ҽҩĸҲ֪Ԫֳһвȣж̫ӸоΣȴûд㱳ޡТȫ޲㡣ҲѦӦתֳûκλ̼ı飬ֱֻҡ
Ҫߣ
עҡ
ʣҪſ£
ΣҡͷҲίߣ֪ġ
һԪǻмйǿ΢ЦȻˡ
Ҳĥ֮ǰޣûκָֻܽΪԸһұź߳档ȴûаţһصҸһ̲סǲΪиġֻҵѾײҲȡ󡪡û·һֻһĿꡣѺȫңڴҵִỴ̂Ӯģ䱻ѣҶƴõ˵һвһϷôҲ͵лĻ֮ʱ
̯֡ǰԤеʧûУһľ쳣
ʱھĬţŲˣֱ˵ǡ
أ
Ҳ֪˵ʱԼǲŰ֮ɫȻشּֿ죬ûаԥǾɱҡ
ҷ·ʱŷֳ֣ʵƤ£ǿ
߰ɡұȥͼи
¡ౣء
Ѧϣˮϰϰʢһˬʱ⡣졢ǰ죬֮ǰÿһĴʱӵߣ˯֮С
ѣ·Ҳ˾ͷ

34

˵ĸӣҲ֪Ϊʲô
˵ңҸ
ʱЦ˵δӣܾٳ裬ӶЩʲô
Ʃ¡ȡװĿеĵλϣҵǻԺΪĳ˱һװĹϵ
Ʃ׺꣬ɲΪأԼֲŸƽƽ;װȵװۼҲüȮ졣װλûеõҪȨλתȥԵ⡣
ΪǺ׳ˣȻ֪˿ļ
˵ЩǸңóΪĴǹϳ֮£ܿܣƾ¶ѡ
ܶǰȱذŵܵܵĽɫûĸñȵȫΪѵܹȻҪ˵ر׽ЩõճֳʶζбȵܵǸõǰ̣Ϊ㹻ˡ
ֱҷԼûǿĶ¶ĳͼĵʱȻΪìͷָ򴢾֮λǰڡ˭õģ˼Ķ
һΪʱֻҪʢʱߢɣαִͬ˭ͣöĳһ˳տʲôζҲûȤ֪װӣǼ༫ļ尾ɡ
һʱǵϲʱҲǿĲһҰԴҲҲ
ุʣϡ
ұԪĺأԼڽǵ߸ߵıϣսӵ⸩Ⱥ
λվصҵҲȷʵֻһλӶѡ
˳
ͷβֻҪ˵˳ֶѣµĶԪá
װ˸ҵĻλϱԪҵңҪһĺûӣҵѳɣҶ˵һʯˡڿеѼ졣
ڸĸ׵ܵܵƿ¹ǰ뱲ӣԼӵҪԹˣԼܡ
װԪϸûúңѰռңһܹÿɡ
˳ڼݾϹЩ길ߵһȥֻв̭δ䣬ϹԽ˥ˡԪ游ף֮ΣҲûл
̫ҽϸʱ޶࣬ÿ춼ȥ˵һӻ겻ϵòӣطʱ˺ܾòϳǰ˭ûʲôͷʹ޵ĳ棬񾭹ⳡѣһ鶼Ѿˡ
׽ҲһǴװԴǼҡһᾲȴ֪ΪͻȻûԣڵǵӣͲôˡ
ôܣ
ҳĬ˫ֵ˲
׸ؿڣΡΡ²յһڡ
׹˵һй֮£ܳ谮ǽ޶Ǹ¼ˣõģ
Щ¶Ԫڰ죬ҲҲ֪׾֪٣ͷԸӡ
𣿡׷²յѱҲʲô壬ҲƲʲôˣ
ǡ
ҷˣҲȥЪϢɡ
ǡ
վ˳ĺңſڣһ̾³ϡػ뿪
㱼þϹʻûãһϤӰתǴҵĳݺ󣬱˵ȹ·ߡ
³ߵǰ
μ¡
ƽɡ
л¡̶һ˿һҼΨһΪ»ҵŮˣԪ˼ҲһǰĶĿഺǴ̵粻Ӱֻʣͷϳҫ׹ΣʾΪٹ⡣
װûɱȴı̣֮ҲԪӦȱλΣصδֵĴλ̶ĺûˣԼܲп̷ұȴ֪ޥ԰ֹ˳ǱҪᲢ档
ҪȥϹ밲䲻ʹʺұɫһ䣬˰̼˶ȥ
μʡ
ԪЩִеֱžأҲ˳׬̫ТۡӾ׳½֪ҵĻλװλõĸף˷жˡ
Ҷƽҿ֪Ҫ˵ʲôӣҴԶûа취׽װ¸ҡ
ȥ
Ҳ֪ΪдһʣãȻβŵȥ鷿
ԭˡһ˿мΪҪȥޥ԰ˡ
ȥһġʵۻᶺĳӰӣѵҪΪӱȥǨô
һʡ
ʲô
ԪҶߵµζƷ³лΣ
Ҿ֪кûȴûϵֱ׵һ䡣
ǲǱŪ񫣬żɱ֣ǸӣҲԸίͣԪдǿҵķŭ˫ۿ𴦣ƳĲҶԼ
̫˵Ҫзִ硣Ļ壬ҲԸλǰ
ȥ̡Цһųһסȥޥ԰֮ء
Ըǣӣ޴λ㡣
һǡʻǺΪ֮ɡ˵̱Ļְڳһӣˡ
ȵȡ
кּ⣿
ǣҪϾɱ
ΪΣԪ̼ͷ·˵̡
ϾҲҪü̳С
ϳɵıҲάֲסŭ֪Լк󣿡
ҵص̫ˣô
̫Ԫ˺һŸ仰һۣȥһɶҾΪ˺£Ҳһδᡣ
ҺȻЩЦڳα죬ЩЩ£ԲǸʮĺӡ
ִԥʣ£ȥ鷿𣿡
ҡͷޥ԰

35꣩

ޥ԰
磡װúͯĿһǰұ;е٣Ѹ
ұȴŰ͹ƽĳª̺̺ۡһֱ쵽£ԼֱۡԪΧɽйװֱ֣λگԼ޹ݻԷ١ȵԪ˽ȥõؼ׳ֽϣ˵ʱһδԡ˶װڲɽΧԲãʵ˯£ʱֻǵĸԴ꺢ӡ
ҲҹʼѾǸˡҴûоΪֳΣʽÿÿְ̰֣ĸ׵ĿģҲûкú졣ֻҪ濴װֻۣһΣôܹ粻ѹ쳣㺣
Ҳͷͷϣ乫ʡ
磡ΧұıֿĻ裬ұࡣú
ߵֱ֣񡪡̴ûҡ¡ɽô
װŻش𣺡ɺܹԣдŴֱ֣֣ɳǣ
ٲʹãѧд֡
𣿿ô翴
ִ֣ޥ԰¥ÿζҪѯʣ˯꣬ĸױ߹ش̣ȥ˾˼ҵС½̽ףԶ͵ҽﳣס֮Ļԡ
ôֻҺʹһô
ԡ
á
Ȼͣ½Ų
ҵɫװЦ⣬վڶ¥˺Զظһ飺ֻжɺʹһá
Զɽۣ֮һĨѪ

صļԣwww.27txt.com ṩȥ˴վŶ