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һߵ˳У¥洰뿪һ¸߹ҳգ¹бݣӳеԵⱻ΢紵ҡҷڶűԵϬͶһұӰ?lt;BR>жһɫӵЦˣ˰ֽݵǰ
⣬쳾ʮԼ˫޾㱾һҪ⡣
е˵޷ǹҪҲںһΡ
㼴Ѿʹֽɡ
չֽԾıʷԾȻֽϡ
ص㣺ĽҶɽׯ
ɱĽݾ
ޣһ

ĽݾҶɽׯӣժ¥¥ʮֽϸʽ켲Ѫȡ֮ͨ壬Ʒƣϲ޹̶֮Ů顣ժ¥Ӫ˿֯⣬Ϊ͢£Ϊʵ۰ڵط֮̽¥Ƽĸձҩҽ佻ͨҩĶ짷硣ĽٰƷ˾һʡȨĽǰ빬Ϊ
пὫֽյԣһźת˲Ʈأ춻ҽ
΢ЦȰԭ˰ɣ
ɫ˫ȴǲ˿ĵ⡣ûʲ᲻ͬǸˡ
ȴ˶ҪĶҲڻء
泰Ц˿Ӳ֪Էͷ
ȪսʮǸͲҵĶ֣
ҶĶȤҪ
˰һƱ˹ȥ
һƽ³Ḷһ򡣡
нӹ뻳ʵΪ᳤˵һ㹻
ʼ硣ֻ֪κʱ򶼲С
вٶ˵Ծתۼʧޱɫ֮С
ü̾˿Ϊʲÿ˶ϲ¸¥ߵģġ
Ȥضѳɻҽֽš
쳾ɱѳɱѽĽݾִӴ˿㿪ʼת
쳾ɣֻҪ㻹쳾УӲ쳾֯׷ɱ
ʱ׷꣬ɱ⣡
Ϊֹ˴ĽݾǷǸ⣿ 

1
ǶʮӣúˣǮӴ⺢ӱ϶޹ϵ
ҿǰúܷʺܸϰװ׵Ķ˵һۣĶǷǳϲ˷ܵĹâҼǵǰõ˸ԴǮᣬͶϤĹ⣬е㺦£ᳶһ½

ѽ𳳣æأ⺢ӣҲл
ҿֱסװ׵СʯͷţʯͷÿֲͷĻԳ伢
ǸϰһְҴק˳ѵ˵ӽͲСˡǩĽݼңͽĽСɣס𣿡
ҲǮСɺĽСɵҲʲϰ˵ʱǷһһĴЩ£˦ֶ֣㵽ᣬקס½ǻȥɣöˣҺ¡
ҵһνǣ˵ҽҳԵģûмȴֱӴһΧǽ£Ȼͼλϰ壬ܾƵģץҿ˰죬˵˾䣺꣬Щǲˣ񳤵м񡭡
ǼҺȻǰԴСʱС̵
Ҿ֪ƭ˵ģкóԺĶǵܵǵķݣĻֵң
ҲҪҲҪСˡ
ԽԽ˵ֵ˵˾ʲᣬһѰҴᳶ˳ƨһСӣڰ׬ʲ᲻ԣٳŲҳ㣿
졣ǵüǰ͵˵ܵʣļӴ򣬺ʹģҲٰһΣǵĴƻǻŵòҶֻͷۡ
ǰһֱûۣڸϰ˵϶ǮѾˣӾĽݼҵˣмӣҶ֣
ۣ˧̶ԸϰӡĹۣһη˳ֵʵҲͦÿ
ٿҡ
Ǯ
߶µֱͷΪûأʵֻǷɿıܣ˵ܣû뵽ܵһû֮ǰѿǵӰ
ʶغһǰ˼ȥٸ˵仰ҼﻹǺܲģᶯִ
ϰקסҵ֡
ɵӣѾˣͲĽݼʲ᲻ãжأ㻹ɵ
ˣѵҾֵСʯͷǮֹһ䣬еɥСʯͷҲӦöӼ
ߣǽӣ㹻ĻˣҲĽݼң˱ĵطһҲ׬
ǰɣԭˡ
Ȼ˸ҪңҪٵȼ꣬ٳ߳Щ˵üǮء
ϰ塭ûзԣͷŷཱུĴͰ͵ʣһθİ˵һеš
Ȼ֪ԼСˣﵹû̫ѹ֪ΪʲᣬҵӡǺģоֻдͰΪҵĶӾĺö
ϰЦ߽һȴţ߱˵˵ɵ㻹ɵĽݸзԣк·µ׻ʮǮ㻨Ķĺ£ҪǿأҪʡףֲõˣ㳤üĿģǸɵӣѹﲻҪ㡣
ϰһƭˣйܳԹסǮĵطȻЩɵ
ϰߵúܿ죬ҼĽŲһСƵĸԱߣҪѵ
Уϰ壬ƺҿɵֻǸܼңĽǮǮˡ
Ǯ壬ʲйܼң
ܼңǹһµˡ
ޡƶǶص˵ͷ
Ǯ忴һ֪ۡ˵Ҳϲࡣ
ҾǲʵȻỹǲ
֮ŷǺô·öʯ̳ɵС˸ֻݣֻʶһڽڳбҶӵǴĶǼûĲľϧźеĻݶǿݻƵģ˴һῪúܺÿ⻹кöôʯͷɵļɽ͵͵룬ſèèĻһܺ档
Զкܶറ߸ߵĸ¥ݵúܸ߹ӣĽһǮҷָһȣԼǰסĵطСѶ㲻ϡ
Ǯڳ´ȥҵͷҪתˡż˾ʱͣǮ񣬿Ǯȴֻ΢΢һŲͣһ£ǮλһܸߣԽǮ磬ֵҲÿɰ
ӽڳæɻˡҲûʲ£޷ǾˣϴˣʲģҿСҲɲػ
һ˵òȻݵûʲһ㶼ǰڼʱÿ첻ˡ뱻Ǯ忴æ˵ҡ
Ǯ˦ָһ£ʲҲҵģҪūţҪǰҵĻҪӵģ
һĵòۣǮƻҸе̧ͷʵǲūţ
ǮЦ㻹ǴҪȥҡ֣ԳūšסˣһҪ
ǳ˰֮⣬᲻᲻ԣʵҲں£ڼﾭ򣬿ϰˣ̾ͿԹȥǶӵĸоǺܡ
Ǯ岻ȴȻǸɵӣ֪ԡ
˵ǴһţӭҴ߹һˣΪǮߵúܼûɲסţһͷײǸ˵ĻС
ʹײʹ̧ͷ
ׯԲ𣬶Բûо˼ңǮƺû뵽ˣʱɫһߣǸǸ
ׯǮλҪء 

2
ҶǮ͵ۿȥȻǺϵһŶʮҵͣһɫĳۣмػɫЩҰ׵޽Ǻͺ룬Ũüбüӥ۾˿˫۾ضңŵæͷٿ
ֻһʣ⺢£
ׯĻǸСͯеɵʲᶼײׯ
ûʲᣬǸ
ףܺ˵ء
ķ̲ס̧ͷ˭֪˫ӥ۾ڶƣͺڶһֻ׷ЩëִƤ񲻾ɨǴںɫµƣ֪ǲǿˣúںڵĶһ¡
ǰǰһúýġǮ˵ׯߺáͷһ򣬱Ǯ尴Դȥ
̧ͷҿԿׯĽǰȥֱˣǮɿҵ֡ððʧʧģҿׯҪӣǿܵġ
ׯͻȻ
ʹʵׯׯӵ𣿡
ǰҲǺܱǮһ䣬ֵͷסĵطׯ֣СûʲᡭѵҼǴˣ
֪ǮһֹʲᣬҾֻǲͷ
ѵǮŲһ۵˭֪ҾǺһֱԭתȦΪߣΧľﶼһģ᲻ǮڹңҾһ׶ûǡ
ס㣬ףԣĵҲ֪ˣֺܺŵǶף˻þ
ȴԽԽŨȻǮһǰͣ˵ûð˼·Ͱ׳Ҫǿ治㡣ˣĳҲˡ
ܹҪһ첻ԷϼȦԣ
ƫͷǮ塣Ǯ壬һ㶼ϣҾ˧
Ǯһ£ȻشЦϵһġ
СҲ̫ɵ֪˵л
ǰҾǾǮľȻܵ죬Ǻ˧ΪǿԼû˵ѣͿĸϼϿһֵֺɫǮԳǺģϱףȻɫۣҼֱһʺбŷཱུϡ
ꡭ͵͵ЦתȥһҸͷ࣬һµкվﻹ̡ĺ㣬üëģ۾ģˮڵͷ٣ԹԵӣ̶˺øС
Ǯ壬˵ҪæǸӣǸ׳աͯ۽Ƴһۣм˵
һңҶĺøжȶʱײ㣬Ҳ۽Ƴһ۵ҲŲ׳ģһɻ
ͯŴ죬漴ЦֱЦӶǮ˵Ǯ壬Ļ
Ǯһ޿κε񡣡ڸＱˣҿ⺢ӱǱ˵㣬ЩǳĻܸɣߡȻת˵С࣬˴ˣʲ᲻ľúøɻ͵
Һ˳ӵصͷ۰Ͱ͵ĿǮת뿪ЩɥܾǰСͯӺܲദӣ᲻᲻ҷԣ
ιʲ֣
뵽ǮĽѵæشūŽСɡ
Һ˵ڶʱһοСͯЦֹӡǮ˵ҸһӶˣֱӳƺԼҾˡ
Ҳ֪˭ӰҪǸˣᰤӵģҲԡʵ߲Ҫ
˶ɫ·Ǵ·ǺƯģ׹ӣͷʲģһͷֵˡūסĵطǲģֻҪܣͲͷҰ·һģٴˣġ
𣿡ͷ룬ղһ·Щ˶£Ǯ·ҲǰɫģǺЩߺ׹ΣׯɫģȻֵĺӦòŪŶԡ
ٿԼϴ·ȷǺ࣬öಹ˵һϴ·ءȻȡЦе㲻̫ˣһ뵽ϿԺСഩͬÿ·Ҿ˷ֱܵͷ
ֱӽҵ־ˣҽ
Сǰסҵ֣߽ǰôķӡԭղŲҵĻþǴ洫ġ㰡ƴԲҲǺõġ
￿ǽüڴÿһ㹻װˣҺܺĹҪ᳴ˣ߾ǽС¯ҲʮԺﻹжѳСɽһĲ˶ѣ͵İײҶֱˮ
ڳæʮˣͻᶼʶˡڸճԹ緹Ǵ󶼻Ϣһ㲻ʱ£ԴҶ͵ܳȥɹɹ̫ʲģȻûˣٹһǾͻ׼æ֣ʱңʲʲᡣ
СڳתһȦҹư趼¯ʲʱҪҪʱϴɾԱʦʹõȵȣͣʵ˰ɣʲҪʵ𣿡
аС࣬ΪʲһʼˣСҵģӲӲĶǼӡ
ҵûеõش𣬶Ҳ̱˦˿СʵҪʵ𣿡
ҵȻһҪҪʡааС࣬ʲʱԳԷ
ҷҿͬСʺСϣȻͨˤǰСʵС࣬û°ɣ
׳գֻ۾û£Ǯ壬ڻ˿ɲԣ 

3
СȻϲñǿ׿ˣ˵ֺ̱ܿҾʵǺܲġΪȥϴ˸ˮ裬һ棬ҾʹСͬǰڵ档
Сɣܲԣʳ
š񡭡
СƯüвҪòã춼ûгԷһ
С֪࣬ģǴ翪ʼһڷûˡ
Ϊ˵Ҫӵ⣬ڲԭңȻʡһһˡȣΪʲһԴС̣ԴΪ˳ӣʱι˺öء
񡭡С࣬ķóԣǴ𣿡
ҸһҲǸ˴ֵģʱֲҲæ˲˵λӷȥСͻȻݺݵ˵ס˵ʱ򣬲Ҫ˵ưܱȰ׳յĺá
С࣬Ҷ˵׳㶫һɻġ
Сʧܵ̾˿˵İ׳Ǳ˼˵׳ʳ
ޡԭˣǾνˣҾ˵ġ
Сȴֵʣ˿֣ӵĻףЩ򵥵ĴʻȻ㲻
ûСֻ࣬ͷʵԼҲ֪£ǰ˳󲡣Ȼ˾ͱúͿģöܼ򵥵ĶǲסҲ㲻ףܾΪŻᱻİɡ
Ȼ극ãкЩ½½Сతҽܸǣұزٵһ䣬Ǹ׳գû¶ҪƽϡС˵İ׳ɵϵ˼Ϊÿ˵һ飬ͻ˷Ц˵ģɵϰ
ЦǻᴫȾģҲһЦӣǾЦøˡ
С˵һļǲס˵֣ãҼסǸӰ㳤ĳ׵Ľִ壬ӣҲǮֱֵı߶մϣһ±ᣬҳɹļס֡
⻹иݵСһƯĽС㡣ΪʲܼסأΪǰָݵľӣСú㣬ǳ˵ֺܺŵĻˡ
СҺֵʣˣֲ𣿡
˵˵˾䡣ˣǰи
ִһϹ߶߶ʲᣬȥɻʣµĻ˻ȥ
ǵı֣£Сȴҵ䣬ҳһ»ش𣺡ʮɡ
һЦҺֵͷʮһɡҼǲסҲ֣Ϊƽʱû˻
СƳһ˵㿴ʮ껹أҽʮʮһɡ
ҲͬĸӣΪʲҪСһꣿĵ𣿲Сûи˼ͷĻᣬָҿʼǡ
һʱĲˣȻֿʼϴˣСҲһԸҸͬĻȻ䣬ˮС໹ﵹЩˮϴ˲ǺĲ¡Сͼڴ˰ϲϵϴõĲˣҿԽԽߣСࡣ࣬ܳԵ𣿡
Сһۡһٿأ˸Ͳϴɡ
ϼӿٶȣ죬ҸղŻΪϴǼɵĻأҰ˶ϴ꣬Ȼڳż۵ôʱҽԼԭ뷨Ʒ
˼Ҳ˵ɵ⻰˵һ㶼ãС࿿Ա£˵
ҺίصͷѾƴڸˣɻûСǸɵÿ졣
Բ´λٿһġ
Сһ¡û㣬ҪװòáˣһҪæءݸһ״ͷƯȥĿ˺ü飬ǲóԡ
ιҪˣԣСװͰ͵˵Уû
Сúףŵæҧһڣдлһ̵ζûвҲܳȥ
ԭͷлóԵĶǰû
ҴҧСм˵С࣬óԡ
ϦбչСԭе㷢죬ȥС˵ɵϣóԣ
һæ˵ǣ˵óԣС಻ǺóԣǺÿ
Сජҿ˺һ̾˿㳤òŽкÿأϧǸɵӡ
һæҲϵذӣףһҾֻһȥ֪ԼʲᡣкöƯĽ㴩ȡˣǵ·ȻʽвͬɫΪ׵ģСĸңЩǸӵ澣ǧܵģҪҳɫ
Ҿ˶ģʱչҵʲʱģˣʲ֡ҼСѵʲᶼ˵ֻǺٺٵЦҶһϧҡͷ˵Ǹɵӡ
ΪʲҲ˵һΪɵأ
Ȼϴϴϴ룬ǴһϴѳСɽƵֻϴҲϴꡣһʱС͵͵һҪҳ伢Ҳ֪ʲģֵĺܺóԣԵҲ
ãҺź룬ΪʲﲻһأɴûóԵĶҪټǣһҪȰҲ¡
ò׶æ꣬ѾһƬˣǵѩƮгѩɡ
Ҷ꣬ʢò˴һʼԷСʢһ׷ָϰڴĸʽʲᣬҶסЩûһ̳ˣĭĥС㲦Щҵǽһǰ˵԰ɡ
С࡭ұ˱졣㶼ҷһʼҪѡˣ 
СһӲ˷ŵѡòˣ춼ˡ԰ɣ˯컹Ҫ𡣡
Сÿֲ֪Щʲ᣿ 

4
ڽʵС࣬ʲˣóԡ
ǳϺʣѡĶ϶ûԹĲˣó𣿡
ﺬһڲˣû˵ֻصͷ
ҲкóԣӡȹˣóԵĲǲŽжˣʱԵֱ
С࣬á
СֺˣһڡɵϣԷ
ᣬСһϢû뵽Сͬһ䣬Ǻһ˷ܡ
СӾһⶼʰúܸɾָǽߵһſմ˵ҵĴҪҪȥϴ裬Ѿϴ裬ҡͷܾˡ
ҳСȥϴʱܵԼĴȥֳӰԼסĺôůͣڼǵǴһֽ˶٣ÿҶòﻳͻᱻһ߿
ιڸʲ᣿СȸԾһǰһѰⲻԼңʲ͸ʲᣬҪĽݸˣҪǿ⸱УٲҪٰӣ
С˵ʱǺֲܿģҴͷԴһǣСҪش֪ˣҪװưͣ
ʹԴһԹСࡣС࣬ҪԴˣ䱿ġ
ѾѼˣٱܱȥȥ˯
ҸæܵԼĴϣ˱ѣԼϵޱ˷ܵضС˵С࣬ҳһԼĴÿġ
СѵƴϨˣҲɵϣڰĻ治һĴ˻Ὺġ
С࣬ҲǱ𣿡
ǣᵹùֻǳǩԼ˾ˣ㣬ǱģⱲӶ벻Ľݼҡ
ҷĽݼʲ᲻ãԵĴסģʲᶼУС㲻Ҫߺòã죿
᲻С࣬ҽʶĵһˣҸоҵֵһܵܣ۸ңҵһʹиҸͷһһС࣬ҺǲԸҵĸ硣
ҵĻûڣͱС˻
ҹɵϸʲ᣿ۣ˯
ǡС࣬һм㡭ʵ翪ʼǼ¾һֱתˣûʱСࡣ
˵
ǸС˵к˵¡
ڰСĬһ
ޣҲǲСİһӣͷʲطûȵû˯ɡ
֪ΪʲᣬܸеСû˵ʵ
¾ǵĻֹһ
ʲʱˣס˵£˯
С㲻ãװͰ͵ģҲԹԵر۾˯

׳գˣһҴоѣĶ䣬ðŻعĽݸСķ䡣
С࣬Ϻá
ҵʺǵûС죬жøӱѱһѳ㴩𴲣Ҫٸĥ䣬ϱúܲã
״СΪʲ̬ӣæٶȴ·䣬·ҲһƬڣʲʱ
ᵹùҪɻҪɵϣСһ̣߰һ߶˵
ݴС࣬컹ûءڼʱȻҲ첻𴲣ﱻһĺ䣬Ҳûú࣬ڲһůͣ᲻뿪
㻹𴲣ΪԼǴүʰһ£ˡ
ѽ·룬ϴ˰ȻСš
滹ѩѶһĻѩȥ֨֨죬µĵѩƮ£һɫСڿз衣ҸСഩĳȣ
кöǶæµˣڵģҹֶС˵ů͡
ˮﵱȻůˣҪȥɨѩ 
᲻뿪ů͵ĴݣΥСҹԹԵؽӹĴɨȥɨѩ
ԺĺôվЩߴĳ˶һɨѩоѩҺɨ㣬һֱðܵСС࣬ǶѸѩ˰ɡ
С˦ҡɻٺ֣Сûԡ
治СͬͣΪʲ򾲣һ㶼棬ǰ컹أͶѸСѩ˺òã㲻˵ǲǲ֪ġ
С౻ҷüˣһָԱߡԼǱȥű˸ɻ
ллС࣡
ѩҴûѹҿ˼ҶѣòǺѣҰѻѩȫѵһֲϵĴ򣬲һһֵѩ˾վҵǰҴӽʰɹ۾˸֦Ȼ֣ؿԼĽ
ɨѩĸǸΧȤ˵Сɶѵѩ˻ģء
СбƳһۣ˵ɵ϶ѵѩҲɵɵģͶûУ˹һ
ҾֱС಻ţ̫ˣǰңһûɵǸѩϱӺͣҸóִܲɱҡ
Сȴת˳һܳѩǰĶ嵽ϣѩ˶˸ܲӺɽͣСʵΪʲҪ֦
ԴѽɡС࣬ѩǲǺ˧
˧ͷ֪֪ʲнĽݸ˶ýҪǿø֦ӲŹ֣
ΪʲʲᶼᱻСΪ֦ΪҲƯǵú˭֦أӺң벻ˡҺС࣬һװ԰ԵСҾͺǵر졣 

5
СָӺͳֿʼһĻơ
˶չңΪ¶ˣ֪ҺܱԲűȽϿݰɡ
ԵҲܺãִʱ߳˱߶ңĵֱתȦɱֻᱻСǹתתȥҲͷΣ
ѳҵļҳ㷹󲿷ʱСҲõģöϲԵĲˣϴһȥϴ裬ȻסĵطزԶҺºڣŹᣬ͸һҹ·ȥϴĵط
СܻҵִȥأҺʱܰƽʱҡ
СһΣ͸һСĲ֪ʲɵҩࡣ
С˵ֵģڳҪմˮͣͻѵú˵׸ңһҪʮǮأҪµ׷˹ǮỹǮ
һֱСͬסһ䣬ΪҶһ䣬֪סĴǳСĻ˼һ˯̣ͨСǰҲǸһ˯ģɴ˵ĥ־ҹ󺰴еģôҶ˯ãͱǮ巢䵽СݣҲС˸ˡ
Һܻ˵ʵԣΪҸСͬ˯˼죬ûʲŹֵĳÿ춼˯ú㣬ҺһСԭ򣬵뵽ĶԸҾͷݺġ
ֹʮ죬쵽˽ĽݸĵһݹǮǮ
صǮ˷ܵ˼ߣС˵ҺˣǮĺˣҸǮ˭֪Сñǿ׺һһǰ׳յı顣
С֪࣬ˡ
ҰѰǮֽ򿪣Сһ£ҹǮʮģǮʮģСʮˣ˵ǻ͵Ǯ˳ʣµʮҲСұܣΪûеطҲ֪ỨСһȵؽӹȥǮңͲҲˡ
ֵʣΪʲ᣿С࣬õѽʲᶼŪҲ˵Ƿﰲȫء
С̺һ£˵Ҵûѣ
ǰҲûѣʶ֮ͲһˣС࣬㲻뵱ҵ𣿡
СЦҵȻ룡ЦҸҪɵѣ
С࡭ؿһ仰˵
С࿴ҵ᲻мһˣҺܣұ˵ʲᣬȴˤųȥˣһڷ
ĬĬذǶڴϵʮǮһööʰ𣬷ŵֽ°á
Сù֣ҲҪԭ
ʱСҲԼ˵ĻЩˣΧûһ죬һֱûһ챻£ŲҪԭ
ȻҵķӦɹؼŭС࣬һˮϴеĲˣˮͰҵֱϣòϴˣСȥˮˮȻ̫ԶˮͰҸеܳҾ֪С۸ҡ
ҡҡڰڵˮͰߣһҲΣƬˮóȶʪˣٱһܵĵطְС˸ʹ졣
ͻȻͷһⵣץס˶ˣתͷСվԣڵ۾˵㡣
ѱⵣȥȴǰһקͷǰߣˣ˸ͷˤڵءС࣬һǹġ
ʵŷֺöطûС࣬ϴϴˮҲԵĲ˶ҪһҲҹ·ûȥϴ衣
ͻϴ·˰죬׳ȥҲܿС࣬˵ã·ȥϴء
ʵܱҪѵö࣬ҵҲûãƽʱˣɽͨƵģûһȥء
˽ﴫЩҥԣڴʱҵľͿʼͣҹ˳ǿյأлвмɽɾûĵ
ĽˣҪڼҲҪʡǮòã
СɣĽݼҵСѽᵨСʮܹȥˡ
Ҫ£̧ȣܡ
һڸԼһֻСִԱҵϣС˵
СǰȥҺ˦صѡʵ̫ãҪˣ죬һ·ģǽѣ
ˣСɣȷʵҪйģҪͷԲˣҪʲã
СԱߣҹ·һ㶼¡أҵͷС˵˾ллͽȥˣΪС᲻ͷңٶϴ˳յģһ˶ûС
һʱˣСһǹȻߵҾٺҲҪȥ
С࣬Ҿ֪׽Ūҡ
Сֻһյú͵Ʒ谵ĹâҵӰӱͶǽⲻϵҡΣֱСħÿֲŵñ۾
Ǿ뿪ĺãҴҴҪܳȥһ죬ҵĲӾͱһֻֽס
ǱĴȫ˵֣ĺýҴܡ
Ҫſҡ
˵ֻƴȣ谵£ҿиɫĶǰһǶסӵȴøݵҵľԣһʪȵĴϢҸӿ־塣
ʹ
еж̽ҵľʱһӱһ޷ȥ̱ʱͻȻĽŲǸӰһѸٽƿһӴ˳ȥұƵڵأֵضͣԶ˲ˡ
СɡС˽̱ڵصӣɴʧɫʲ£
ʧ̧ĨĨղűҧסĵطմѪŵ˵СĻ
С࣬йй
һǹˣ֣һǺںڵָ
һ£ָףҺᣬܼһǸˡ
ͷЩʹҽסСֻܼ࣬Ŀ־塣
ϻȥСڿҲϵĳӡɫѿˣҽѪøɾȻ§һصֱɵԼĴϣһڲͣط 

6
Ϩ˵ƣǽӻǶұ۾ҧ촽ŬԼһΪ־壬һС·Ҷµġ
ޱƿһ磬漴ҾͱһůĻסСһֻ§סҵС˵СɣСɡ
 㡣
ҸղŰ㻻ĿõɣǾ·ҪҲŪʪĻ滻Ķûˣ˭뵽뿪ͻ¡
ޣԭˣһС֮ǰ׽Ūҵ²ټƽϣֻǷ˵һĻ
СɣϲҪһ˳ȥʲ½ҡ
С࣬ʲ᣿

Сһ¡ɵϣΪʲһҪ֪
ҾҪ֪Сˡ
վ飬ͨʱСҵǲܾģȻĬһ˵ǰĳ˵ÿһʱͻһСͯΪĽݼǰǴ̵ģҶ˵ԩģСͯΪʢԲױȥǣ˵ЩӶһţʲᶫѪһ
ҵһСæ˵Сɱ£Ҷ˵ʵ˭Ҳûмֻҥء

ɣǮ廹Ҫҵǵһ
֪һʲܵģʵֲ̫˰ɣֻҥǸղŵĹӰ˵ỹǲҪٸСೳܵĺá
С࣬ѵ㲻𣿡СĻůҽ˿־壬һ档
ʢŲأ㣬һġ
ҵῴСһһŪνʲ˼
С࣬ͻȻղǸָס
С෴ֽҵס˵˵¸˭Ҫ˵͵ʲᶼûСɣסκʱ򶼲Ҫ죡
ޡ̫Сľ棬ҲΪҺãֻǸںڵָ׵ĶĺģΪʲǲˣ
Щɥ˵ С࣬˵ұǶԵģҲԼʲᶼǲס
Сҽ§ڻ˵СɱǱ˵Ҳܿɰ㿴۾峺񲻴һ覴õʯЦʱ۾Цء
ǺǡСڿأǰҵĻʱԲưɡ
㼸СƢȴ󣬽ΪԵͷ㣬ϾͻܹԹˣ˭֪ǿͷţСɣƢһԿġ
ҵƢǿ۾룬СĻúů̲סϲ˲䣬ڰһ
ٶˣ
š
аϲСɣʵ˵㱿ʱ򲢲˵㱿
ѶͷС࣬ܲܲҪ˵ƿһҵͷˡ
һС¯ú߲ϴС߶߶ĻһɹذҴ硣
ڶĵѵú磬һ۾ͷԼȻСĻҼǵԼǱ˯µģʲʱ򷭵
С౻Ūˣ͵ƣǰһʪСɣС˾Ȼ˯ˮ
Ҳ˼صͷС·Ūˣһᰤġ
ûڴ̧ͷͷһ£С˫Ҷǰ۾ؿҡСɣɰ
СأͷɵɵЦʪʪĸоǺ̫˵㡣
С࣬ɲһ£
죡
ͨС˵ֵʱǵر졣
СȴȻ˵ĹǮøңҰ
ðæȡǸСֽݸС࣬˹ȥ˵Ҫõʱҽ
æֺ˵ʵҲûطãҪǮҵĺˡ
ɵϡ
ĻС³ƽʱʱ̫һ˵ĺᡣ
ԭСҲʱ
СɣǴʮǻæģ϶Ե֪𣿡
ţ
һæͣС˵֮ǿϢ죬︮ϷϷЩҲԸһ۸ҳûϷأһϢ˵òȻرСһɵϡ
ϣ˵ѾǾһͣСҳϦ֮ҹǶᵽǰһòͣҽʮǰˣʮˣʮزˣʮ㣬ʮˮƴ̣ʮ־ˮ˳˼
С㣬ǲкܶӣ
үϷ⣬λӺһλС㣬ϴĹӵλ檣Ҳ˰ɡСĵؽ
ͷָͷүϷˣӡһǡ
ˣСԱ߲мؼһ䡣
ܳԵĲ𣿡
ǳԲ꣬ȻͱˡСһǱ˵үǾΪָһֻӾͷԸˣԴҲŻæѽģҶء
ллС㡣
ҵԴֱصһ£Сܲܺ㣬һ۾ͿʼŹ⣬ģ˼һΪˡ
СҲԳԵЦʣǳ϶õˡ 

7
С˵ûȥĲ̵ٱµĲȱȥæתСҲȥͲˡ
Ľ˿ú˷ѡ
ҸСԺ˰æϴȻһ¡
Сɡִָһƴ̶˵̵ֲæ˹ȥ
ҶǸʮСƴɵˮƴ̣ڵĶҴδĹܺóԵӡ
 ɵȥ
 壬ҪȥɣСɸսʲᶼСչ˵
 ʲսʱˣȥˮȥˮִһСŵϣָӵѾ˵߾ˣаæ̵ˡ
ҵһȥĽݸطҶӸǼѾ˷ܵض
 Сѽǧӣ˶ǿɲ㡣һλ˵
 סˡ
Ľݸĺô󣬳˳ǱߣԽ·Խȹȥģ¥Ҳ࣬˵յԺԺ硣
һܴߣ̨վ˺öɫ·Ѿǣǹǰӽ˹ȥ
ﲻϴЦһְɣҵż뿴ʲӵģϧ̫ʲᶼ
 ˡĽһ¡
ʲᶼûҪˣÿϧ
ҸߣسûжӵҺɵͷڸߴĺЩǷǸС΢ֻǿ
࣬Ҫһյȥ
ĥһСװͰ͵ӣϾʹͷ
˲ãΧ񽥽һعȵķǼѾûӰֻʣһˡ
ˣǰҶˣ
Ҿŵǰȥ˼䣬Ϥ·˺ܾãڿһľɫᣬйͣ˽Ų
Сɣ㱾ͱģҪ·찡
СҪھͺˡ
鲻ԽϵҧۣҪǽվӿһСС˺ۣΪľֻһΡ
һ紵֦ϵѩƮӲضһ£ұһˣԼݴ
ӦòᵹùɣͬĹΡ
µϾɥϣ˭
ףнŲˣ˷ܵվֱӣԭõģʿлллл
һĺܸߴӴҴ߹۶ûұ˹ȥһľҵϣҲɵش˸ս
ûأȻðС춵ķϣٲУˣҵľݡ
 ǸԲ𡭡
ӵ˵ĽŲסתؿҡ
˧ҵһ˲伸ֹͣ
г˧ˣһ˫΢΢Ľüüµ˫纮̶ӢͦıǷ΢˫һ׵գֲԳɵȻ˲ֱӡ
֪Ϊʲᣬҵһǵͨ죬ֿͣʼٵҸæѹסĿڣһ
˲ұӵ⣬Ϊʲҵȫȵ

 ʲ£
Ľ²õǰСССģ˫ֲͫһ˿ʵ峺һСȴɫһ˿Ӻ˷ܡ
ķˣûûС񶼲УֱɵĽݸʲʱûˣ
䰡еⲻϴǰϴҸ׽ĳ嶯
 λ磬·ˣܸܲҳ˫ĿĿⶢĲ˼ҽͰ͵ʡ
ʲ᣿·ˣĽµüøˣǮܼµģûõ˻Ҫʲ᣿
ҪǸмµҲ;ϯ˭֪·Ͼְ׳աʵĽһͿˣվһǣֻ·Сè
ԸһĵķţᣬĽת뿪ֻӵСèȴȻǰס֡
ҸսﲻãûеĵطղǴʱʹⷶʧɢˡСԴһȥ𣿲ᵢ೤ʱġ
еСֽסԼ֣Щģ΢΢⺢˺ܾ˰ɡ
Ľһһм˽ӴסֻС֡
е˶ȥǰҪԼżȻ˵ҪȺܾã˾ȻסԷ⺢ӻ治һı
ɡٶ໰ĽסСèȥ
ۣø߰վһһļͷҺܿûоܾҵҪæ˵磬á
ãĽԳһЦƽֻϲ;̣鶼ĺֻܵ˵ӱ䣬¹ȴûиֻϡ
 ʲ֣ʵ
 Ľ¡
 ҽСɣǮ˵ҽĽݸҪĽݼգӦýĽСɡһֱڳµģкܶóԵĶأд磬С˵ҲԸطµǳԲģһһǷ͸㡣
ĽЩЦãǸɵĺӣΪʲ˵֪Լ˭
ˣ¡磬£ұƺС࣬СƺǸߴҰѳƺʱ˹
ȡʹĽ̳Ʊ磬ʱҲ֪λش⺢ӵ⣬󣬻ûеسƺ
С˵ǲ߶ģң˶ܺãҲԶӡ
Сè߶߶˵Ľ²ɴһԼȻǺܻһʵؾ֪ϵȵĲϣ⺢ΪԼǸˣ
Ľݸڳס˺ܿÿ仰ﶼ벻һ֣

ҵֱ¸ůůֺӲҲֲܴڣСȴ԰ֶֺֻ̹ܰĸоţϣһֱ¸ȥ 

8
ˡ
ĽԶĵطվסǰ˾ͻɲ뱻ϳĽݼӱΪС˵´ûټˡ
˰΢΢еʧʵ·ʶģΪ¸һֱ쵽ء
¸磬лл㣬һ£һЩóԵĸ㡣
ҷɿǱܹȥһӭһС࣬һҾƿڴ㵽ܵȥˣ˰Լ𣿡
С࣬ҸмأһòãƿܵСߡСС㣬ĵأ
㵽׷ʲ裿ҳԵģͶ̥
һԴеС࣬ҽӹС׼ĵİȥ
¹һƬյģ¸ûӰʧؿĵģΪʲ᲻һ
㵽ڸʲ᣿Сܻظ˹ȥһˣѻ궼ˣ
С࣬·¸һģұЩлûеҡҺѹǰסС˵
Сüʲ¸磿
Ҳ֪
ղԼһֱ¸ɵһ졣ú˧
С಻мذһۣ߻س
˧⿴˵۹⣿Ǯ˧ɣ
ǲǣҼؽ˵ݵģӸ߸ߵģϲ˵ĺ˧
˵ưͰɣСĻ
ǣ˵ϲ˵û˵˵
ֱţС࣬Ϊʲ˵̱
СȴͻȻʵûǸֶ
ҡͷʲЦҪˣһ
ǵòҪܣΣյģ֪𣿡
š
װĶ¸ӢӰСĻֻӦһ䡣
æѾȥˣС׼õķùҳԣϵҡûбˣ߶ܸԴҲ𣿡
С࣬ǻ˵ȻұʵΪ𣬿ҲĻ˵ұ֮⻹ʲ˼
ܺãСĳҲͲϡҿԼһҪأϣһӶܸ¸ղֳ֣ȻĲ˵С֪࣬߶߶ÿ춼ҡ
֪£ҵʱ׷ʾͺˣҶסĽݸԵһټģǺǡ

ӳصҵȥϴ赽ٻصң¸Ӱһֱǰȥ̲סһٵĺǺɵЦ
ιˣһɵЦʲ᣿ȥתһȦתĹСҵɵЦᣬ춰Ͳס
СС࣬˵ڸһˣʲ᷽ã
Сһؿҡʲ᣿ҪȥǸ¸磬Ҹ㣬ŶûС
дҲаҺܵСĴϣ翿ǽϥ¡
ҿ¸ӣһͨļҶС࣬ˡ
СܻɵʵȷǼҶ
ǵȻҲǵһҵֻ϶ϼ룬һ֪ǳڸɻġ
Сһ͵ץסҵ֣ݺݵصȻ֣
СΪʲͻȻŵʱС¸£ֵġ
Ҫȥձ˵֣
СԽ̲סԱ
С֪࣬ҹ·ġ
Ҳȥǣ˵֪𣿳֮⣡С΢ЩͣȻǿӲ˵
С֪࣬Եίر죬ΪʲᣬһСٸҶ˵һԿҾŵðѻ˻ȥ
һС̾˿˵㲻ҪΪã˭֪ʲˣû㣬˵˿Źߵģ˵Ľݸ˵СС˵󲻴ҲỹأҪٺ˼ˡ
š
ˣСǺöʳˮأ⼸ԴˣУǿϢ벻뵽תתУûǰɣ
һ֣Сߴ˴աððǲǺܺ棿
ǰǿɲȱ𴦣ʹǴһҲῪ⡣ЩǮ̫̫СǶϲᴩȥ갡˿ģĽݸĶӾ˿֯ģ˵һһľƽʱأҽͷβиСҸִ˵ˣϵæͿһ˵Բԣ
ԶԶԣС̫࣬ˡ

ϲãһ˯һڵĴҶϢˣ˭С֪µģҹǮҲӱµĹǮӦǺܺõġҼС˵Ὺģ˳˾䣬ƴ׬ǮǲȢϱֺݰСһٱ
緹С˵ǮҳţڳŵʱͻȻ뵽ǰ£ǲŰ£ǵòѾЩģˡ
СҪٸˣڽץ˵ĽݸģȻͻ
Ľݼ𣿡
ǵȻǮǻ׹ݣ˭᲻֪
С࣬ҪҲǮͺˡǮͲÿ磬ͿԳԼԵĸֵģ붼ÿġ
ߣСɣЩǮƵ˹δرǿ֡
СһۣҾ֪²ǳԲ˵ᡣ 

9
Сɣ㿴ǾĽݸĴˡСҵ䣬ָԶİɫŶ˵
Ⱥǵţ߸ߵżкܶƻƵĶǶ棬ǰʯԸһֻʯʨʯʨԲԶ˼춥ΣϺһңҲ֪дʲᡣ
Щ֡С࣬ǸղߵĲǴһȴţ
ǸղߵǸߵţ߲ţǽõġ
û뵽һŶָָིǿСࡣС࣬дʲ᣿
Ҷɽׯ
ҶƮƮȥǸҶ𣿡
ҿЦΪѧأԭҲףΰĽҲĽˣĽɽׯˣҲĽݸ֣֮ҶӳϹϵһҶ˥
Сܲ˵سҡ⸱ɵЦΪԼ׳𣿡
С࣬㲻úЦ˰Ҷɽׯֵģﶼûɽء
֪ʲ᣿ĽҵﴴҵʱһƬɽأҵǷһ죬ɽĺҶȼգȾͰɽׯΪҶɽׯڸﻹķأĺҶĺܺÿ֪ˡ
С࣬˵ǺҶΪʲ᲻кҶɽׯǷҶɽׯƫƫҪҶβ
СЩͷˡҶҶǶȵҶ
ʲҲ֪ҶͲҸΪףһء
С࣬㿴Ǳ˳ء
˵ܻ˴Ӹ˳æץסСʣǰǸ˭ú˧
ԶԶĿУĸ߸ݵģҲе¸磬ǵȻǲܵģΪĴùһװһ֪ӡ
Сҵתķߡ
İ㲻ҪպòãҿǰҲ˵˧
С࣬˵úô³أҲ˵˵ղǸ˾Ǻ˧˵
ΪòҲöЩӢӢ䲻ʣǱЩݺòãҪһ˧ֲڣ㲻ӷһ÷ء
ʲ᲻ͬ˵ϻ˷ˮҪĻһ֣˧
Ҹ꣬ͿһСʺֳɹسСϣǺˣ˺ðźض˵Сɣ챻ˣʬ
ף˵ΪʲСӣͷ˰Ҳûס
С࣬㻹ûңղЩ˭أǵ𣿡
㷢Ľ᲻˧ˣҾ͸˭
ã
⻹򵥣С̫࣬˵ˣ´θú˧ݲˡ
ǰǶĽݾˣһ佻һ짷磬Ƕӵ¡Ǹ߹˿ԼĲҵͼլҶɽׯĸڣժ¥巻Ҳܽһ־ˣǱ߽ׯҶɽׯߵӴģĽݼĹɲģһ쵽£ϲǸɫҪǧҪ㿪С
С˵̫ˣ˰죬ֻסժ¥֡
ժǣǱҶҪãλӵƷλҪȸߺöء
Ǵʲģ
ӹٰݶ˾ǳ͢Ʒ١
ۣð٣赸Ūǹˣͺ˧ѽ
ˣСɣ¹ᣬʡףĽݼҵĴСĽ㣬ʱеæˡ
Сֺ࣬һǸء
СһۡСɣû˵ưͣ˼һЦǵ㣬ɫࡣ
һ𣿡һ
ȫͬĽݼλӵԶȡ֮־˼λСǶ֣ȡ֮һЦǵĵʣ˵òǡ
С٩٩̸Ŵͣ˵С࣬ѧʰ
ʲᣬĽݸļҶ֪ЦҲɵϲףˣ˵Ļ𣿡
ҺȻҡҡͷС࣬ǲ֪˵ʲᣬҲžѧʰ
 

ľС˵Ӻ̶ֵ֣򿪴⣬Сзͷƣдӯ⽫Ԥʾһ궼ԴΪ˿ͣļ۸񶼲ܸߣһߣһָһҼҵ̸˵ǲ÷꣬ǳׯǡ
ҸȤǰڽֽǵĸСԺߵǺ«WWĻ˪ҿˮֱ
СɣǸ⡣СһҵǰֵָĶ˵
ǸԲΣǣķĸ״С˵״ͬҲͬ࣬ɳǣ𻨵Ⱥöֻ֣;Ͳģæ˵Ҫ
СֲͬĵĸңԼҲһƳһ˵Сɣһ㶼ɵһ㣬ʨӴ󿪿ڡ
˭˵ɵˣȻǲɵ
Ŀת۾ͽ˶ǡ
ˣСִȥˣˣģҵһοնϧֻһͲҵĿ飬ӲǰҴ˶˳
ȥİɣһֱĻҪǮģСɣԵʲ᣿
𣿡ҧָͷʡ
ǰһǮˣС׳ա
ðҿĵǰסС࣬һ죬ƿ
С࣬Ǻ«̫ˣһ˳Բˡ
һԣˡ
С࣬
С˸һߵıǺ«һһ߿ʵ̫ˣһ㶼㣬ַŲ£תۼҵԾմ˺ö֥飬С࿴ҲŵĳʵǵһγԱǺ«
ǰ
ɽܳԹɣֶµɽ϶ǡ
ͷ˰죬Щѹ˵ҲǵˣС࣬ǰ˳󲡣˵ջӣǰöҶģģļǲ̫塭
ΪŻᱻİɡ
Сæҵͷ𲻿ˣǰöҲǵģǣСɣ𣿡
۾ܿ϶˵һᣡС֣࣬ԴӺһ𣬺ÿҶǵúΪõѰɡ
ҿСһ۾ЩǰȥǾֻ𣿡
С࡭
⣬Һ˵˻С಻ˡ
СȴͻȻסǺ«ҧһڣЦ˵СɣҪлᣬÿ³һһòã
ð
ȻˣֻҪͬסһʱԳ氡ΪʲСĻ֣Ҿʱһ
ͻȻһϤӰǰζҵĺһͣ¸磡ҿİѱǺ«СǱһơ
С࣬ңһͻ
ƴǰȥȫȻСόĺС 

10
¸磬¸硭
׷ǸӰŷְ˸׷ˣֻôͷɥߣҲԼ˰ɣɣһžСڸʱҳҪ
ˣҰСඪˡ
ͻȻСܻԭصңҼæȥСѾˣΧػ˰죬ûӰ
С಻ܶҲܣһҲڵңҵ˺þãҲû
Сѻ˵ˣ·
»бҸ𣿾ﶪΣһλȰС˦ġ
ȲСֻ࣬ǰĬĬϣܱˣǽʿ̫ңΪߵȶˣҲûС࣬˵¸ˡ
ĥҪҪҸ·Ȼһ˹Ҳɵ˿㰡ǳ˵ζ
ǰǼɵ¥Ϸңһ洫һǾ¥ûˡ
ϵֻĿǸ⣬еĶ̱ùҽУĶӣҲûãûǮι㰡
ת뿪Ŀȴͣھ¥Եļ˹ȥ
ƯĽӰµĽƯĺƻƵ΢ڷɡ
ȥܸ߹ء
һûע⣬æܹȥḧһǽĺһʱÿɰʲ֯ģֻģһůͰɣȴϧ
ʲ᣿ͻȻһĺŵ̶»ץĽͷҲһأȾܡ
̱һֻץסĪĺľû뵽ҲҳţͷðҾͱתȥȻһŲ԰ױĿ

ŵʧУԷĶҵĽȫҵӱץסڿնֱ¥ȻӴڷ˽ȥڵϡ
ȴϺɸң㲻ͲûҪΪѵɸ
ҽ۲ȴϴôЦ
죬мֻΪʲҶ̫
ι۾
һЦڶæҡͷҪ
֪Щϲͨ۾˵ĻǣŲĵ
ҵĻػΧЦ͸ˣһݺݵֻ۾ǹ
ףǶʶ֪ұֻкĹء
Цˣ짷磬ȻᱻΪǹǧҪҹ·ˣҪ˾Ͳˡ
ȻǸݺݵ죡
ӣڶأû۰ɡ
һº͵ǰ
öǰˮ΢ᱻķ컺ᣬֻһҾҪˡ
Ǳ˴һҲ۾ȻᣬһӢϤԾҵ
ӣ
ҾϲؽˣǱأҪռС

ĽݾǰݣҲɵ΢΢һ
ĺ񡭡
ϤЦȻӿͷ
ͬеϰԷհϰߣͿиԼĽǰ̽ͷ̽ԣСֲϸǶ΢Сϣһ˫ҫ棬WۺϲĹâ
˭ҵĺӴй䣿Ĵ絹ԼϵСˡ
Ľݾ̲ס짷Ǻӽ˭֪짷һԾ£һҽб㴫佻ıӴЦ
ű͸־Сڼᣬ̶ϲõЦݣĽݾ鲻ɵҲʵʶң
ҿĵصͷǰӣղǴӸʱҼ㣬ڸµģҽСɡ
ԭǸСⷼƣĽݾ΢Ц˵ͷ
ЦúÿЦ˾ůģ֪˿ܲò⸱ЦվЩƲĿ⡣
˵Ӹ¸еأǸ˵ĸоһһȴǻ𡭡
ߣһҵԱߵһϣǸղΪǹǸˣҲӢûʲ飬ѿӣȻͶһǵȻˣ뵽ԼͻҲ˼лԲ𣬸ղΪ㲻ˡ
佻̲סıЦ
ȤСˣѾܾû짷ŭıˣ⺢ӾڵǸˣĽݾҲûסʧЦվǽǴСѾЦѡ
ҴǸЦûİˣЦĻһ˧ġ
Цʲ᣿ûڽЦҡҡͷʾԼס
ǰ˫ü΢΢ͷһԻ󲻽ı飬ȻûԼﲡԱߵ짷򱻶µûҲ˵һײĽݾ̲סЩЦ
ճúʵϸͲˡ
ռʹЦҲβסеİˣӣЦǷĵģһ˿ϵЦ
ٿ짷Աӣ⺢ӻиЦأ⸱ɵɵҲÿɰ
짷ȴҧʵֻ۾ǹ
ûûϢվᣬֱģɣ͸ϴĹһĿֲ
ѽ⣬Ǽ˵ˡ
ȻɫСɣʲ᲻ɾĶ𣿡
ҡͷ˵˵С಻˵ġ
Сɣ㲻ӴΪʲҪѧ˼ѣ
һ˵ϼˡ
ҲûѣˣǣǹҵѪ㿴Ҳϻӡء
Ϊ֤û˵ѣæ£ǿǱҧĵطȻҷֶӱ΢Ц͵ 

11
СɿǸ˵𣿡
ûסҵĲӣȻҧңҪСɹһûģҶ˭û˵ΪС಻˵
С˵ĶԣСɣ²Ҫٸ֪𡣡
֪֪
ҪǱС֪ҰǼ¸˶ӣһңﻹٶ˽
λǹĹӺڹ춻Ҽ׷ʣҲȥ᲻Ϊɣ
ҿɢϢĶӣֿ˼ӡ
ԲҪ˵ɣҾöӱȽˣλӣĲܶ࡭
һʺϣľ飬֪Լһ˵ˣæԲ𣬶Բʵʵ˵ʵҲûˣӱҲܺðҿͻúˬǲǣȥ͸ˣݶ¥ݡ

⣬ǲԽ˵ԽΪʲǵЦͣҵļ
짷翴ǰв֪Լ˵ʲСΪʲ˶µľ±ȳҪ࣬ҪҪΪͰһɡ
ĽݾסЦ˸Բ
Сɣҵ£λ짷磬λ佻˵ĻɵֹṦֻҪˣ˭ĺܸߡ
ϾĹɾҽСɣǲҵϣҲȥ
Сɣһҹ䣿
ûҹ䰡ҸСһģҾ߶ˡҲ˼ЦЦҸսﲻãҲǵһγţҲʶ·
·ȥ
ǰ
··Ϊʲῴ짷粻˵ʣͿɣڿ˵ˡ
ҿǽƯԾһֻһ°ûŪġ
ͻȻе㺦£Ū˿ҪģҪܹİɣ֪ҵĹǮǲ𣬶ͻȻ뵽һص⣬ŵͨһ
ӣ㲻Ҫҡūֻһ£㲻Ҫұӡ
ӾŵĹԭ£Ľݾõؿ짷һۣ߸ĵίֻһҲ
ɣⲻǸûڡ
𣿡
ͷӣһ΢ЦӦû˵ѣǾ˵һٱˣһϱ
˵˵ΪʲҪ޴㣿
Ǯ˵ģҪҪԼūţͻᱻ򣬿ҺܱǼǲס˵Ļ
ӺǺЦҲϲˣҲϲ˳ԼūţղžͺܺãҪġ
ұЦһӶûУǸء
ӣЦÿҺԵ˵
ģЦǺںڵͫҲ͵Ц⣬º͵ˣһкöŮϲɣ
ǶҵĻԵһ£Щţ֪˵ĻǲǺͻɶ漴Ц˵ҲҪظ͸ɡ
վһֱվڽѾ÷Ķչϡ
ҽϵĿ϶͵͵һߵӣϰ˸ƼȣҴûж꣬мɸֻ״ĵģܾɵİ˺һڡ
ˣҪˮСɣ죬Ҫ

ĽݾҪԸˣǰֱضһĲΣ˫ͫҲôģƺһӲȫ
Сɣ˰ɣ
˵ûûС
ɶȴڴʱܲعߺͷҿӡ
ǸɰĺأСҲֵ
Ľݾһ£Ըϯˣ»һϾƣһϵȵĻ裬ʽĶһݡ
һΪҵӦǰɣǺѾԱ˵ģæ˵ӣòֻҪǼ͸Сɾˡ
չȴ˵Ķܳԣ
˵Ķ᲻ܳԣ춼ڳʣʣˣ췹ÿ죬Ҷǳģʼе㲻ϰ߾ͺˡ
ҿʾ⣬ָԵ˵Сɣ
죬᱿Ҳ֪бܸƽƽ
СɣûˣѵվԷɣһ𣿡
ҵͷҡģܶһأǲҪǮС֪һᱻģҲҲӵ⣬ֻǰЦӣվͺˡ
һѱ˹ȥҲߡ
סҵֻЩֲڣȴůů˾úһ죬˿
СɣȻ˾ͶԵǸղҲûԱһԡ
͵ĻұЩĽ
ȺܿͰһҿƴڳɸʽ״ľ²˵㣬ͲҶӡ
ִƽʱҲƴܹϴˣûע⵽ỹҪƴڣǾƴٺÿһ¿ӲȫûǶϧ
Сɣˣ԰չӴߴҵ
Ǻ԰ҳ󣬻ûԲǰԹҲвˣɿӺڹֱŤƵģᶼвˣ˺üζʧᣬֻó׷ͷרİ׷ 

12
Ľݾ佻һۣ⺢̫ˣ˶вͷ׷С۽˴ӣЦġ
짷͵ЦһͱĽݾ˻ȥί̾˿⺢ӳԷǺܺЦΪʲЦһ¶У
ĽݾԼҲΪʲС³ԷƺϤӹܾǰĻ䣬ƺֻǵϲǴɵһʼС짷ԱʱĽݾ;ʮֺЦ˿̿⸱С͸ֹ̿
ϰ׷СɣĽݾҪҪǮܼҰֹʱ浹ҲԴȤơ
СɣԵˡ
ӰѸֲμЩŵҵæ˵ллӡ
֪ǿҼв˲ŰҵģҺܸмسЦЦǶԺЦᣬֺܻҵصͷ
ʽҲ֮ĵһ̰ڵǰҶ֪ҪÿӼлúã񿴳ҵԥӰѼøң˵СɣիĵǺܳģÿ
ԭҾ¥իһС״ĵģҧһڣĲ֪ʲģʼе𣬽е̣һ֥ķ㣬ֵڿҴûгԹķζ
ֵĽзβ֣㿴ǰ˵ͷһչ˵βͣͷģβ̵ģβֿիƵİСɣܻء
չӵĻҲ˼ʵǿÿųԵġ
վһԵѾϲ裬Һܴڵĺȥ̵ֱͷæ˵Сɣ´κȲʱҪǵƷһ£˵ġ
ӵϸЩж˼ϸ尡˵Ҳͣӿһָ
ٷԵŵһ٣òߵ극ӵСɣЩҪϲĻͶȥˡ
ʵʣ˺öģ˷ѿϧأӵĻ۾һ
ҿȫûȥ΢ЦͷϲСҲϲԵĵģø
С𣿡
Сõѣչҵġ
õⷼưѵĶ˽ңһ¥ʱҺȻһ£æӣṦѧ𣿡
ֵؿһۡѧ
ǰҪѧˣͿڿзȥ
ᣬذһۡҲ񣬲ڿзɣ
Էɶߣ
Ĳ¥߰ɡ
ǲ˿ԷɵøߣҼɳʵס
ȻУ
Ϊʲ㲻ߣ
ԶӺչֶЦ⣬ӵȴʼɫǲ˵ˣʵֻ֪ѧĻһ᲻Ҳߡ
ӽĻҧġ
ҷɲΪҲСɣ˵ܷɵúܸߣһɳء
ҲأҵܾϣҸ߷ԲŸСɵİɣ
Һܿңæӿ˵
짷һܵķ¥ôС޻˵
Ҳؿӡ
ӣ˵ΪʲӺƵģ
ᣬСɰ짷ֻԲѲˡ
滰˼ǰǶģ˵ҿɰأǵڶ˵ҿɰ¸ҲΪͺˡ
𣿡
һͣ¥µĽԣͻȻҡ
šʶӦһȻ־òԣæҡͷ
ЦǺˣûʸ
Ľݾ΢΢һЦǸزסµĺӣ˫Ĵ۾ֱƲȴֹװһµӡ
ӡ
ûӦѱ˽ԡ
ô󰡣Ҳ´࣬һůͣɳΧɵģֻ޻ȥģ
ۡ
û뵽ӻͻȻ̧ûȣӸǰһΣͷײڽӱϣҿۼֿһסңһʨӹɹĹȥ
ֹײ۵ĵطʵ𣿡
ҶͷָҲᣬҾúʵҺͷѾˣȴֲ˼ڡ
ӣÿ˶𣿡
Сɲһġ
Դ룬ʲ᲻һģҪ˵һǱȽϱɣ
Ϊұ𣿡
ЦСҲԼ𣿡
ǰöҶãǰС
С𣿡
ֵķʣС࣬ҵĺء
Сɣ㲻һĵط
ҡҡͷǲ
ƽͷһӣһĵϣֻλƵĸоһ˯
ͨԱ׷ģǳԱ˾˯˸оĳֶ
Ҿ۾ҪǶӿ⸱Ա˯ӣ϶Ʋҵġ
Сɣ۾Ҫ˯Ҫ˯Ҫ˯

ߵĺǰҡΣС߶Ƶĵͷڼһ˫˫΢΢СӸбб£ĽݾЦؽҪȥ˵ȥ
ֵ㣬СᣬԼֻڲߵСè
ĽݾСɵǱߴһ˿æȥ⺢ӣ˯ȻˮҪ֪Լ·ֵǮֻŵ˵˰ɡ
һԺıͰ짷缷ҵĿЦõĻĽݾЦĳ嶯
̻ǺأΪˣŻΪһС˶ʱװ˷ھ¥ɣ⺢ֿı£˺Ǳġ 

13
СɣѣСɡ
컹ûأС࣬Ҫң
Ҳͷƿ֣ߴЦСɣǵˡ
ԣҪС࣬һƴˣᣬһ˫ۡ
ӡ
ˣ˯ˣҾȻ˯ڶӵĻһæվͷлȴְס
С㣬ײͷ
ӣԲҲҪ˯ģҡ
֪֪С
ЦҡţԼܻسǱ𣿡
ҴŽȥ·ϵõġ
ҷɿܳ˽ӣǰòԣæתչӺҲ˽ΣںͶ˵Щʲᣬҳһ¹Ǳȥ

ǸԶ˵ССӰ佻ɶĽݾЦϲ
짷̺һԺܰ
ĽݾЦЦ
ͦɰģҺ񡭡ͷǮ˵һժ¥ɡһ£ֵû뵽ҥǼԽԽˡ
짷лشа˵ͯӵѪѾм춷ˣĽݣ֪˭ģ֮
Ľݾüòľû뵽Ͳãģһܵס

С࣬С࣬С࡭
һѾС༸ٱˣ˶֢ҳţӶ
С࣬治ǹⶪģֻ뿪һأ˭֪ҷȥʱѾ뿪ˡ

С࣬Ҫ˺𣿡

С࣬ҴˣҴ˻𣿡

ʵû취ֻôܵСĴϣסͷһ£һйȻЧС̺Ƶǽǣַʲ裿
ίĿСࡣϴǳᣬҲ
һ׳ռ·գȻҶȥˣû˸ˣ
µĻԶʡԣһҲ춷Ž˶ΪֻҪС࿪˾ʹ硣
СһĹű죬ֺõĵ˱ӹһֽ᲻Ͷ߽
ǣ
ûµǰԺȥ
ǣ
ʣµ첻ţ
ǡе̣СͷϣһǲΪ
Уĵȫӵ
вУ
ҰԹĿڵС࣬ڰе¶ȫ̹ףΪõֺأ˭֪ƨڵϡʲ¶ܴӦС࣬óԵĵģӵ˶ϧ
У
Ϊʲ᣿
Ȧ￪ʼĳ֣֪ԼԣѾСĵֺСˣΪʲף֪ϲԵĵ
ΪʲᣬǲУ
С̫࣬ˣ
СĴصԼϣѱһסԼͷ
СǺܺãʱúרᣬϲӣҲûҪ˼Һĸĵӵ
СɣСɡСӱ⴫˽
㣬µġ
СɣҪףǸˣʲݣ˼ʲݡ
ֻǰģʲϵʡ
С̾˿˵ˣҲˣԾͳ԰ɡ
ģжСõģס´γʱʹ
ﻵˡ
˳Ĵ˿̧ͷȴСһ޿κεĿ⣬ҡҡͷΪʲСҡ
úģΪҵĲ֣ԱСˡ
ֻڳΧȻżϿƣ˳Զ͸ҵĸ㣬õֺС࣬ϲĵĽзβֻ֣իе˭֪С̺һһĲм
ľӦģ̵ʲ᣿ֻŵɸ
˵Сʲ취첻֪ȥҲңһµй䣬Ϻ˵Ȥʱ⡣
ԤĴϷҲûгɣ˽˵Ϸ˴̿ͣׯˣȻû˵Ҫׯ˾ţֻ÷μϾҪеһȵΧ
˵ǰׯһ֮ʤ֮ƣλѷһܱĳǧӽϸμΪ˰ص֮ܣׯ޷ᣬĵĪλ
⻹㣬춴̿д̵£ҲĽݼҴСʡ֮ҲƳˣĻ̵̻ģ¹úϲ 



14
Ҫ˵ΧеϢǾĪ춽ϵ˵סˣ˵λ˵þʾףһϣʹѹÿ궼ᱻʥȥΪ˵飬νҲ˻ϵʥͰɡ
Щ˵ǾңԶ飬ȻΪûܿϷеʧЩóԵĵĹãҲͲҪˡ
ʱͷϵƲʣҾͻȻӣΪƮ˸Ʋʺأϣһ컹ٿҲͰ˰ɡ
ÿ춼ϵʵ¸磬һӣҵľͻͻֱﻹкö㣬ΪÿֻһС飬ټ¸ĻͰѵȫ͸իĶһûԹġ

ҶڣСܵûӰˣһڳżɹ̫ů̫ɹĺŶ
Сɡ
ףǮ壬þöûǮˣҼ̿ĵվ
Сɣɵ۲ۣ
ۣҸɵúܿġ
ǮϵķһһģҺȥʲо
СɣҴȥһط
ʲطҿܣ˵һͷСΪʧ١
ȥ˾֪ˡ
Ǯ岻ɷ˵Ҿߣҿ֣صӣȻЩ棬ȴȥ
Ǯ˳˺һ·֮ᣬһͣ
ߵĸ¥ͥԺݵúܸûʣһ֪סĵطڲȴǮ乧ׯҰ˴ˡ
ףԭׯҪҡ
ţɡ˵Ӧһ
ǮһѣҼݡ
ֻׯڴͷϻ˴ıһμʱϵȣׯɫȥͲ˺ö̷֮࣬ɫüҲȻûʲɣȴ˸е£û߽ſڴסеׯ
ڴЩ̬ĲˣҺܻǲǶӵĸףΪһڶǰе־壬Ҳ
ׯ̧ۿ˿ңȻʵ˵ľӣ
Ǯ岢ûһֻӦǰǸսŲõСͯϴׯأҼ⺢ƽʱģ԰ׯĿҪׯûȥ˼ҡ
ҪҪСһ𣬲ŲҪʲׯأʲʱմϱˣʶҵ˶֪ģΪʲǮҪ˵ѣ
ׯҺȵ
ЩҰ׵ҡҡҾͺǣľżƵģߵǰü˵ׯ
ŻҰ׵ҿһ֪ǲǿۣҿׯһץסңҵļסֱӣȻ˵⺢Ӳ°ɡ
ǮӦһûˣап࣬뵽ᶼҪҲܸСһ𣬲һ񣬲޳
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Щִҵļ紦Ƶֻһܵ£
֪ׯҪʲᣬ̾͹ͷذ壬ֻͷĺļ٣ѱѹֵĴϢǰҲϵ־ҲԽԽҸеǼָѴ̽
ڴʱ͵һֽҲط
ֺϤĿ־壬ǰָо
㵱ʱʲᶼûпĺڵĸоһģһ
ǣǲܵģׯܡ
ѱۣǴصĴϢҼóʱһԼݺҧʹͿ־ʹһʱ֮Ҫף
ܵȴϵһ𣬸еѹڼϵȻһᣬϢͣׯɿ˶ҵĶƣӡ
ᱳѱ亹͸Ⱦžҵֽŷҿ˫ֳŵعģԼһˤȥ
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ףҸղǮ˵˸Сͯ㣬𣿡
ׯһƺЩ̫ˣʵӪǱ߲æпչң
ӪӦǴˣС˵Ӻʲ١
ҵ׵ӣԲųչ̽üʱ䵭һ˿ŭ
Ǹ˵Źֵġ
ͷӽŴѥ⵽ҵǰ˵ɡ
лӡҶ߶վãһǿס
ȥɣòź򡣡
ʲ᣿ûɣ̫ˣӣлл㡣
ūˡ
ͷҲû̧һ񣬾æ˳ȥߵſʱׯغһ
հͷһ̱˺ԶֻǮһȵĹսǴҡ֣æ˹ȥ
ǮǮ壬ղŴӹȥʰ˵ׯСˡ
˸߲ҵظǮ壬նյȴ¶һ׽˼
ׯ˵
ʲᶼû˵Ǻеˡ
ȥ֮ǰׯж˵ʲû˵ʲˣ
ʲᶼû˵͡һֱҵĲӡ
֪ΪʲᣬѾߵĻͻȻ
ˣҸǮһĽݸׯʱҿһĺɫԭָ׵ɫ
ѪǸָҲǺɫģ 




15
ܰׯǹǣղֵľٶ
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һׯѵҵѪǴӼʱϵѱһ߸ʬ
ׯŻԴӲŻ뿪
ǡΪʲǮһҪҵׯѵҲǡ
Щ־̧ͷǮ壬ĺܰףһǺܼ֣˿Ҳ۾ҡ
͡ʲ᣿
͡ҹǺϲҵӡ
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ǮҵĻᣬø׽û˵ʲᣬҵִߣڻȥ·ϣҸеסҵֻڲϵطҵҲ΢΢
صһֱǮֵԶˣһĲŷ
濴ȥǮıյúһ˺üꡣ
СɣȥˣСӱæתͷ
ղǮȥء
ãղŶСҪͱӹȥһȥҲ˳Щľ̿ȥһòࡣ
ð
Ҷһľ̿СһСסĵطСָСסĸ¥˵ǰҲס
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׼ȥͻȻһֵӲԶǺķֺӵҺһϾСĶ˳ķ˹ȥ
һ·ɵСҷԽԽȻһȴͣ˽Ų
ǰ治ԶĿյϣһɫӰڿз趯ķɶһ˸˵ĹâڿвϻתԵҶϮƬƬ£סǸɫӰ衣
Ǹӱڽз裬·һ㡣
ƻõľһʱۣŴ͡
ͻȻһͣ˵ĺٿȻϮǰһһѵҵ£ĻҲ֮˭㵽ģ
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ңĽü㲻ң
Ц䣬߻٩٩̸ֻСһˣӽĪǡ
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۵üĺۣ¸ҲҪץң
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۵ðСĺӣĽ·Լȷʵ̫æɿ֡
౻߬úһȦ¸磬ô󰡣´οɲԲҪ
ͷָ˵˵¸磬أ㻹ءϴߵüҶûü㣬Ҫ˼ָһիĵģúóԵģҸòã
Ľ¿һ˵ԻĺӡԼ԰ɡ
ͲϲԵģ÷֡
ãõĶҶ¸磡
˫κ˫͸¶ĵϣĽһ
˶Ļϴ֮²Ǿ֮ͣʲᶫӶԼģ
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Ľÿ춼жʱڴϲ˴ţ˫ڼͫʣ̲ܾһµͨʱҶڴҪʱ䣬Ϳ
𣿡
һϲǰץס¸ֱۣϲ˲䡣¸磬ͿԾˣҺÿģҪȥˣСҪҲңһ˵ġ
ҳ¸֣ɿˡ
Ľ˼ǸССӰнԶ̲סָǱĵطԼСܽӴǺӷĵ̹ϽĽ
С𡭡 



16
ҪС֪Ź֣
С߶߶ѵܷӦǺش
ղŵܻʱСڵˣһȫȻҵķסҵһֻתߡ
С㣬ǧС࣬ˡ
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Ϊʲÿ˶ᱩҺί롣
СȴͻȻһۺɫӶóҿϲ̵˵ǶСʹ͵ģСǸܴ󷽵ˣÿЩСƷ˿ǺֵܹܹȵĻ
ӦԺζȴ¸Ӱӣ轣ƺƯοȥҲǰռʱԵӢͦΣҲΪʲͬ´ϣ¸ȴֳ׵أ
ûҸСིǲסɵЦܺɵ˵˾䣬ԵĳԶˣԵҽɵЦɻأԭסѡ
ҳС಻ڵʱСһż򵥵ĵͼ˵һʧʱеͼģСȻǷʶͼʾɣǰһˣҰѵͼһڻء
¸磬ľֽһ
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ҶȤҿĵС಻ڣҾͿɳˣҵǰһߣϾʹö˳ͼϻķλȥ¸硣
ͼҿù죬ԼױΪʲֻһ飬ļס¥λá
Ҳǰɣ
¸磬ˣ
ڴ԰ʱһһΧûˣұɿ˳Сϴκ¸ĵطȥ

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˴ţҪĺ˭

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¸磡æɱȥ
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ҵʺ¸ֻǵһסæ
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ΪʲҪ£
˵ĶҪ°Ǯ嶼أ㴩·Сǻ¸磬㴩ʲ·˧
ĽΪ⺢ӻһҧԼ˵ԭˣһѪԭ
ǲһɫʵضȫһҲܸ⺢ӲԺ⡣

ҪȲ𣿡¸ָϵĲһ䡣
ðð
æѻﴧĶóݸ¸磬ϴ˼ҸҵĵģիİܴûԹԾ㳢
ĽƳһ۰ǰĵġ
˺ö˰ɣȥָӲЩ˺ü飬Ķƽʱһۣ⺢һڴԥһ¡
ҲϲĶԼ԰ɡ
ǰҲ̵ĵأʵҲ̫ϲ̫ĶβֺܺóԵİ¸磬㳢úܺóԡβֵ˹ȥ

ĽЩãϲвˣῴɫĺѲֻõȷ°ɣһٳԡ
뿴ԡ
кõĶҶ¸һʵκζ㲻֪òóء
ҿ¸ɫ֮е㺦µذѵݹȥ˻Һеˣ¸Ѿ˵˲ϲԵ
Բ𡭡
С˵һ䣬ȻὫβַŻֽȥ°á¸磬㲻ҪΪÿ˶ϲԵĵġ
⺢Щ˵ı飬С컹±ʱҪ޳Ľһ¿ڶʵҲᣬСɣղ˵ʲóԣҳ
𣿡۾һæְֽ򿪣βø¸硣㳢úܺóԣҶóԣÿֻһС顣
Ľҧһڣķŵʱ䳤ˣѲ֣ģЩճ˫ڴ˫ȴ˵˾ΥĵĻܺóԡ
Ҿ˵óִӻͳһСӵݹȥ¸磬ǲֵͣ㾭Ļ־Ͳѡ
ĽֵĽӹȥ⺢ӿڴﵽ׻װϡŹֵĶ 


17
ϴοֲֺܴڣǶ죬ѿӣҸСģܺʹҪǵ
Ľ̲סԼ֣ǳýĥϼ룬⺢ӲΪɻ°ɣСԴﵽ׶Щʲ᣿
͸ң㻹е𣿡
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ʲᣬһСҪһ¹Ǯ⺢ӾȻ붼͸
Ľµһ£ͷģ˼Ķ۵Сӡ
󵨵ūţȻ
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ֵĿܣû˰һʲϵ
Ϊʲ᲻˭
˭
ĽݳȻķʣһСԼǰָֻţС֪ݰɣ
ҶʶǶС㡭ѾСǡĿ⣬ĽݳǺܴʱĿڡ
ãҽСɡҺܸʶһѣæãڳԵأҪҪҲһ飿
ĽݳǿһĵģüడҲŲҪ˸
ʵܺóԵӡùְΪʲҪһСˣҲ¶˰ɣȥģŲҪԡ
СǣҲϲ𣿲ϲͲҪǿˡղ¸粻˵£æ˵
СǺ˿ҺֵҡҡͷóԵĵģΪʲҶϲ
СɣµģΪʲ
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¸簡ͷ׵ؿСǣʻְ
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Ľݳһʲ죬Ķһ?ѹҲһû취ı顣

ĵ޷ͬ˷黹⡣
صĳ̾һ
첻ԸԳؼ¸磬ʶһСǣúƯأѾˣСɣЩܽСͺˣһᱻùѪͷҾʹͷ
ǮׯҲûиСΪ֪˵źã㽲СҲŰɣ˭ׯѪء
ᣬҾʹСܣֻҪСһڣҾ͵͵ܵǱ¸ǡ
ʱ¸粻ڣСһڣҼҵͬʱǰҶû¡
Сǻһ죬ҲЩˮĸȤ£ÿýζ 
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ҰЩϢС˭֪ƲƲ죬һ˵ǳǲׯ˫Բκˣ¸˴˻ȴüһԲ¶һҿı顣
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ˣ컹Ҫ𣬿ȥ˯ɡ
С࣬Ǻþûһ˯ˣ˯Ĵˡ
˵ûСůĻ˭֪Сһ򣬺ܼ˵У
Ϊʲ᣿
оǲУȥ˯
СߴֻòԸػصԼĴϣΪС泯ñסͷȥ
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㣡
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ΪСҪ˭֪һ£˳ȥ
ȥé˰ɣû⣬ۿʼ˯ɲ֪ΪʲᣬܾĻŻŵģ͵һۣһص¹⣬СĴ̿տյģûл
ȥ˺ܾá⣬С᲻ҲǸ֣
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͵ͻͻ˵ȻС࣬ǡǮ壡
ǮٶǺܿ죬ɾٿ죬ҲֹұŵϵζҲǮԼûע⵽ܴһɵ¯ζ 


18

û뵽ǮֵľȻҲ书Ҷҵ㼸¾˶˵Ĺʲ᣿ǽеѨǮҵѨʲ᣿
ۣȻκξֻǮܵúܿ죬ãоһƽڴϣȻԱ߿ʼĨֻ
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ȻׯйأҪҲҪѪ
һ뵽Ǻںڵָ׺ͱĴҾιȥĳ嶯
ҲβȥǻûãнŲ洫Ǯӭȥ
ׯ
ҵʲ᣿ׯ̫ˡ
Ǯ幧صׯҵһСأѰ˼ׯһϲԲׯ
Сˣ˵ҰɣǮ㻹ῪЦ
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ǣúܲׯֻһ۾ͺã˵ľϲء
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Ҳ֪Ǯ徿ڿʲᣬڽʲᣬֻҵúʹҲܵú޳
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19


㣬㡭
ɵڵѪǮ壬ŵȫֽŶ¸ͣȺɫҵͷ죬촽˰죬˵һ仰
ƳһذףЦſңҺܳȥȾ񱻶˵ϣŲֵûУôֵؿԽԽһֱߵҵǰ
ԭ㰡
ֱҵһźӢҴЦݵӣڵ˫ȴǱⲻĮ΢΢̵Ǽһҿļ޺䡣
ĿʶҵģǣҸʶ
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ҡҡ
ͷʹ
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ҡҿɲε
ſϵЦԣҰ죬³֡
ԣ
ͨ
·õ˴һֵͬʱԸԳ˵ڵء
ԭʱܹεҲһˡ

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20


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24



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ĽݳǣĽݼҶСҲĽݳǡ
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ⷬСüãȻô˵ģ˵Ļһúõһֲתĸ磡ƺˡ
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˵껰һһߵҵˡ


25 

ұСײײĳĹ뷿һ·ȥæʵСǣĽݸĶС㣡
СǳһЦСɣ㻹̫
ҷ˸ۣ㶼һһĽݳǵĽˣﻹҾٴҲ뵽ˡ
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ٴͲʲᣬСǣ㻹ûʶء

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Сֵؿľҡ
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ʶʧȥ֮ʱҸоĲʯصıһֺů౧һֻǿĸ첲סңҽ˻С 


26

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ĽݳתȦõضڴߵĽ˵㲻ãȥСɣҪȥͲᱻСɻں㣬ȴһ㶼
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ǽ˱ĵҪĽºǸͬĸĵܵĸԣгǸֻάϵĺƽˣĽֻ֪ҪлᣬԷʱһÿ춼СĽĴϵŲߣѾۣΪһСˣŪ˲ϡ
֪Сǳײĵܲűȥģǣ̫ĸ飬Ҫǳ⺢ӻޣΪĵܷ
ɷſССӵʱĽ¾ȻƲסԼԾȥ֮ǰӱ˻
СɵģˣСС̴ĻСèһϢĽƽͷһθܵʹζʹһһشԾҵĲ֪룬һֻ뽫Сӽӵڻů
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СɣСɡĽһ⺢һֱûлֶ˰ɡ
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ף̬˭ҵģСࣿСǣǵˣĽԶǡ
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Թ޵ضסͬʱҲؾվһߵüĿȴ֣˸Ѫͷ 






29


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ҲͦģȲ˵ֻˣԼ๫ȴ֪Ǹ¥ȥأأ
ţСɣǸѵסǧҪˡ

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ʱദȻ¸һֱҺܺãʱҲҿЦ˼ʱҸоһҸʶˣż˼ضסʱ˫ڵ͸̶޶䣬ҿ͸澿Щʲᡣ

ڴϣ¸ֵû§˯Һ뿿ȥһֱĬҴͷ
ʮƺϰ˯ˣ˽ʵŸҿҷ˺üԺ磬㱼һ֪̾һԼΣΪ¸Ǿ̾ˡ

С˶֪ѽ磬¹⣬Ľϸϸӵ˯գ˵СӰ·һʵ⣬Сż΢һ£촽һһصģ˵ˣĽ¾̲ס̽ǰӵС죬һ˱㴽ͱݡ
˯е˶һĽ͵ؾѹӣɺá
úĽ²ǵǵڼˣӿʼͬ齶ʱĳ嶯ֳ嶯ң޷סԼŵֻ뽫⺢ѹйе
ĸоֲ̫ˣԴʶӣԽԽҲԼģһȻȥ˼Ǽε㰴סŵ˯ԼͬеĳƺԼ
ټĻĽ֪ջʧضɴ
СǺܿɰȴǸ΢СˣǣסԼУһ¼С˷ֺ˵ĹϵҪԴĳŶԹ°ߵĽ˵붼롣
ΪҶɽׯĵˣ̫ĸ棬ΪһͼС˶뻰
ⲻǸһףȴ׹µ
Ծɶǰ⸱˯գĽ±ЩȻ˫Ӣϸһ˿ӵ⡣

ڶһ¸Ѿˣһ˳Թ緹飬СΪҵģæܵǱߴǺš
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С̧ͷܹЦվ
Ҵ˵СĻ§סһûСˣӻģģҰͷСľϵؽУС࣬С࣬С࡭
һǱ׼ȷĵϣС֣ѱᶼϣ
С࣬Զᱩ
Ҳ˵죬ɿ˽סС֣Сȴ˫ְסҵļ´ҡ
Сɣһ²
С࣡
ҲˣСϻһ˿΢Ц¡أ˰ɣ
ҲûС§סСܿĵ˵С࣬Һ㣬Ҿ㱨ƽģɴ㣬ʵңûһļǺţ
᲻Сһۡ㶼ӵͯˣỹһû
ڨڨЦС࣬ԭ㶼֪ˡ
ﻹĸطϢȳø죿
˵Ҳǣÿ˵ѾͷмʮλϢıȷ綼Ѹ١
СҵҸ첲Щ˺ۣʵ𣿡
ͲˣǵʱҲۣÿһңҾͷſɤŴ󺰴УӳͲطˣܵûԣÿ϶ˮ伢
ˣʵ˵ˣСǰԶزסܡ 





30


ҺСûֻǵ˵㻭ߵƽģνƽ𣿡
С࣬㵣˵ûҽĻҪʲôļǺš
ž
Сİһϡôһᱻ
С࣬ۡ
ؿСװͰ͵һòײܼһ棬ΪʲôǶִģ
죡⸱Ͱ͵ı飬װװ
ףжСѲ̫ˣҵķȡͬ顣

ûעС̣СעҵӣòʵСɣú𣿡
һ˵¸磬˷
 ţӶҺܺãӲңҲҸʲôػеҪҿСңСǾǶСĽݳǣҲرãһСӶûУС࣬ҪǼһϲġ
ûСһį²ؽš¸硭
Сһüʵ¸磿
ǰӾ¸磬ʮ·ʱһؼҵ¸簡ʵ˺ܺã¸书Ҳܺã轣ʱ˧ᵯ٣壬鷨ȻҶдЩʲô
СɣСͻȻҵĻʵǲĺϲӣ

СһеģҶʱߺͰ͵˵ҡҡ
ϲڽʱüɫģ۾⡣Сסҵֺ֣ص˵СɣҵģҪȥϲ˽֪мҲᣬҲһ֡
С࣬˵ʲôҸṵ̂¸ǮһǮûУҲһ𣡡
ôͲףӣֻʱѰĵ߰ˣϲ㣬㣬ûжʲôص£
ʲôص£Ҳ̫ס
·ˣ㡭˵Ƕ˯һ𡭡
С࣡
ԺϸֳĽԶһĻȻԼСָ
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Сɡ
С࣬Ϊʲôô¸磬ǸˣദȻ֪
СЦ˺ã죬㼸ĳԣ;ãҲŪ˭ã
С⻰˵ʵ̫ˣɿ§ס֣վŭ˵ûУҲں˵ʲôǲ˵¸Ļ
û뵽һײСɫҲվСɣȻΪӷƢ
ˣҺСŪˣҽͰ˵Ǹ˭֪СȴȵҲգȻ˵Ժʲô˵ˣԼΪ֪ɣ˶٣̾ҲϣԼˣ
С࡭
С಻ңתͷҲﳤȥ
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ЩܣҲ÷СƢģʵ֪ǵҲŻ˵Ǻòײżһ棬ȴΪҵԶŪòɢ

һҶúܲģ¸᲻¸緢ҵĲԾԭҲƲֵظҸСೳˣСԺܶҡ
ȥǸǲõ𣿡
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Ŷ
Ľһ㶣ʱĸС˵ģղżûɵӣֻóõģ֮⣬Ľ̫͹СӶϲ֮ģСС׹һֵӣصĻЩ˵ڡ
лл¸磡
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˫ӹĽ¸еһʧļףĸ뽫⺢ӽ§鷢йĳ嶯в֪һԿȸԾʼٸߣĽֻпЦ
ˣ͸ˣֻԼӸô

ѾͷһˣĽ·ԼȫʧأԺĿСǰȻһͿأ۹ǸССӰ룬ҲԷбҹҹļҲһּ尾
ǲƿȴǰжһϣΪԸ˫ʧģղ޷ܾԼһ
ҲǷֵʱˣĽ¿ϣ΢˫ĿЩƣ롣

¸磬ҪȥݷʲôѰɣ
Ұ¸绻һ׵ɫĳ£ְǳϻƵİɫϵãȻ
ɫڳ¸ϣԵôµ壬󷽣۵Ŀֿ
ʲôʱҲܳ¸أ

֮ʣΪƽʱ¸̸ʱͨĺӣųķλͷһΡ
¸翴һۡСɣˡ
¸佱Щ˼һЦ
¸һˣ΢Ҳôһġ





31


ҪȥݷһλǸ׵ѣҲ̳֡
۾һ֪ˣǽϵλɣ˵ΪûׯĶܲأ¸磬ׯΪʲһֱӦս
ӻдЩ顣
¸絭ɫҾ̸۵ĲԼĸףһȫɵˣҵȤϾתƵ棬ϴκС˰ɣٳȥ
Ҳȥ¸硭
ĽԶʽҲס¸俪ʼҡ 
¸ȥѣܲҲһȥأҿԱź¸ġ
̸⣬վһȻ棬ȥݷֵ̳ĳ˵¸绹ļ֣ҲԸʶأ˵СĽ
һ۴ŹâΪ¸ҵľٶˣһ²ŵðɣ˵ߡ
ţ˵ͷ

ŵĸоãòײŴӳСһ뿪ͲٻȥˣҸ¸ĽǰУ˷ܵض
ͷϰĸСҲ͵͵˿ĭʱ¸СǵĹ⣬ҰѸɽ亣ζ˸飬ȴϴκСһʱҳԵǸ⡣
һ뵽С࣬ұʱ
Դ쳳֮ᣬҼÿ춼ȥǱߣϣټС࣬ÿζʧҺֱȥȴ±¸֣ΨһľǼڷϻˡ
С࣬Ҫʲʱ

ӣԺˡ
ηһҿջǰѽ£̧ͷϵĺңɷдľԺĸְɣС˵ʿҲ
ӸһأջƹӭҾ񣬲õⷼƴȥԺ齵ϵȷ
ڴȵʱ򣬺һﲻϴȲ˳ȥֻǼаһǰһӣ٩٩˵ʲᡣ
ȥʮͣӢ£һϮڷֱ£ٷƮݡ
˿ֳһ̸Цٴϵҡȡ
ĽԶԭҶȵ˶ûʲӡ󣬴ʲȣǸӹţ˵ƺúܾʣȲʹϡ
ԭλ£С˵˵úܺãȷˡ
¸硭ǣӣ˵ˣ£
¸ûдǰ·Сⷼƽӿ˵ǽʿ£˵ǲŽиǰ컹ٽΪ˵ء
СⷼƵĻ鲻ԽֳǱ߿˿ɶµĿҲɨ˹ĿԣҵͻȻ͵һ
˵Һ
᲻ᣬ˼ǽʿңڽĽݸ֮ǰСӶûȥܻŶҲΪλЩƵĵطɣĶţһһ˳ȾƮݡ
˵ӣܾûˣ֪Щ鷳ûС
Сɣʲ᣿
Ŷ
һع¸̽ѰĿ⣬æһЦûʲᣬûʲᡣ

ջԺϵȷǰķȫǸľͥԺ
ھĿջϵȷһסһ£һǮɣҴ¸һ¸粻Цǽϵ̣ǮԵλࡣ
ͷҳԵλࣿǶǮʵ㲻

ִͬǱĸģǸ׵Ǹˣ°ͻװ׵ɽ൱ͨҲֻˣȴưǵİݷԵò飬˵Щͷ
к¸ᣬ˼䣬ʵĽݹӣڴ˵һֻ࣬Ϊһģ˵ѾȬȴ֪ΪγٳٲӦսĪ겻Ѳ֮£
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һмҴ˴ֻΪһѩ֮ߣΧѽȴ޹֮ĶģòӦսĪһֲɣ粻ս㽫͵ʥֵҹãĳ㲻ѣ
ףׯл͵ңǺ磬ֲλһء
վ¸ᣬɽ˵һһ̵ģ˵ĻͱﲻסЦ

˳Ļ¸΢һֵţҲҸִһģԸҸһ֣֪Σ
һЦҲ໰ߵһ߽ŵ¸ǰȡһȻⲦŪ˼£ʱϱһɢҵ֣Ľݹܽ˴֣һ֡
˻˵꣬תصλãȡϵ裬ʼƷ

Ҳͷ͵͵˿¸ǰ֣ʲ߰ģڵСɽ壬һƬƬҶʲ֣ҿһɢɳ
ƫƫ¸ֻǵͷ˼һԲҴӲ濴ȥüˮɵЩģһȻԵõӣֻ⸱ֲ߰ܽ⿪İɣ
һʱúܾҽŵĶ¸磬ҴԼ˰ʱ¸ͻȻվһϡڴ䡣
ǺһЦëС־㣬뵽ƽ֮ʱ
¸һҲԣתŶȥһæǰ
¸翴ȥس˿ջԿջϰĵкҲӶֱؽظ
û¸֣صı飬ҲҶԣֻܹԹԸڽζУȴΪԼһľٶΪڡ 







32


ͣΣ
ߵһƧĺͬʱ¸ȻһҲ֪˺£æܵǰȴ¸½ζԽηȻȥ
¸ɫԥηԶұ㰲ο֪¸ⲻǸ֣һʹ죬¼ã
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¸һ˵һŲǰҽԱʵǶأҲѽ
¸ЦһʵҺֻܶ࣬˵㽫ǿ͵˫ַء
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˵ׯһ濴ʲģ෴ģҵҹ棬Һ¸ͶӶ
Ȼ¸ǰЩҲ˵ڡ
ֻ¸ͣסŲùһʯڵϲϻҲ;վԿ˼
˴ʱ¸ͻȻվһϲɫԭˣСɣϻؿջ
ֽ⿪ˣ̫ˣѹ磬ҵĶӺö¸뵽˽ֵķһ춼Էˡ
ҪǳٻΪ¸ĻǸ죿
仰ǻ˺þ춻ûʳڡ

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ͥԺﻹղ뿪ʱᰲһԺͼ¸ɫͻһ䣬Ծ뷿У֪죬Ҳܽȥ
һƬǽ壬룬˫Ŀգһϸϸ˺ۣѪ˳˺۴ӿһǰһϢĸԵϣһĴѪڰһأеĻѪϣ߰ߵĽʺɫ
ҵڶο˱ɱĳ棬ǴβˣΪʱ۾ֻӣûע⵽ǸɱĶˡ
Ǯ屻ɱǴβͬ䷿ﶼŨŨѪֻһۣͷ㿪ʼѣ̲סתס첻ϵĸŻ¸æ⣬ַȥұţ֪¸ʲᣬѪȵĳ棬ҾԲȥһۡ

ͻȻһŲǰ洫Ҹ¸磬ѱ䳭ֻסҵһԾ㷭ΧǽСԺ
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緹һ˳ԵģС죬Һ֪Ҹ¸ŵ£˵죬綼ҿ˵СǺɵĿʵСɣֵֹģǲǲˣ
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治׳£¸ΪʲᵣĽţλ˼ȻܿϾ޹ذ
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Ȼ˯þһ۾ͿޱվǰŵʧУֱ¸бסҲŻĽ硣
ԺԼеһ¸ͬʱһ飬¸´ȥݡ
̹ˣϴǮѨģΪһ˯ҵʱ޷⣬ʲᶼθ棬۶ûѡ
ѧѨҲҪѧһòãѨ˵ûʲƵġ
ⲻصˣص¸ΪʲҪҵѨ

ֻһ죬˽
˵ȥҹңǲʲ£
ǴӵΪϴһֱû̧ͷԾͶǵر
¸ȥʱ˵ˡ
ǰڸӪѲһȦѲһǵо󡣡
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ʲ˼
磬Լֵܻʲģֻ֪ΪʲҪ
¸ʻ֣Ǵ٣ȥӪº
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ڿǵ״ʱͲµˣϸĽӦˡ
һĬӵݵˣΪܵס˭֪㾹һо׶ƽⲻˣǾֻˣһ˰ˡ
ӵĻҵĴ˸ͻǵĶԻ˵ֲ̫ǵ˵Щʲᡣ 






33
ߣҲδӮףֺαطҪŪɱز
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ׯӻûȫԭûʮɰӮ˳ֲĽ͵ҹãԳͱ
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ʲʱ£
ǰҿæúܣһֱû𡣡

µҥ뷨ѹҪԺʲԷﴫ˻϶Ǿʹˡ
磬֪
ԲԣѪĲׯ˴ޣӼȻΪɱˣȻҲׯѪܣǼ´Ȼ֪ġ
УסǸСˣսͣ
ģҵѨӦ˯ú㡣
ǰɣ˯ǵĶԻҿһ¸磬㵽׻᲻Ѩ
Ц㵹ͦǸӵ˵˯ĴϣҪ̲סɷҲãҪסԼݣЩĽݼҶ¡
磬ѵҲμס
׾ˡ

˵أֻǸСˣ˯ӵĴȷʵЩͳ
֮ǰĽԶҲ£ʱ¸Ͳ̫ˣҲ˵ЩлģҪСҲȰˡ
ǲǸСĻ¸粻Ҫߵ
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죬ֻ̾˿СɣЩ㲻Ҫҡ
㣿ΪʲҪ㣿Ǵɱѽİɣ¸磬Ҳ¹ϵġ

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СǣҰ㲻Ҫٽˣ治֪Ѫܵ¸Ȥ
Сɣ֪ʲᣬҵµһŮ죬ͼ񣬳԰ܶӽ·װ֮⣬Įأ
Сǣ֪־׵ʱ֪Ƿ񻹻˵

λ˷ܵ۷ĴС㣬ʵ̲ס̼һ䡣
СǣҲΪŮÿ˯Ȼѣڵĺ裬Ʒ㡣
Сǵһֺۣһڲŵ֪ʲ᣿ŮһҪǹҶӣȻٸǱ˵ǿΪ֪ǲģ˹ʲá
֪ҵġ
⣬Զʧȫ˵ˡ
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ҿСһ飬㲻Ҫ׽֣ڳ֡
Сɣʵɱֺܼ򵥣˭󣿵ȻĺǣҲˣŮҪļҲһǱֻ»ΪָˣǾŸˣ󡣡
ֹЩǰһˣϧСǣ㿴
˵Сǣҿƽʱ̫ˣŻ˼룬˵㶼û֤ݡ
˭˵û֤ݣǿԴɱַֻ֣Ҫץסɱ֣ͿԱй˳ϣҳĻ֡
ұ첻ٴǻֻǵͷԵģܱСץɱ֣ǾͲɱˡ
ʵ׶Ҳ벻־ߵˡ

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СǣöĻ˵òã
ʲɱ⣬ʲʮᶼס
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ˣϴζһ䣬ʱ˵©ģͽսսȻɱ֣ҪɱȻǶˣһѹֵʱһӡ
һ뵽ӿܻΣգҵıЩСǽ٩٩̸Ҿûעȥ 






34


ѽǱɱǺ쳾֯ɱ֣˵ֻʱ֣ɱΣʱ꣬ɱƣսʮͬ֯ɱ֣սŻȪ˵ˣֻȥ߻Ȫ·ʮȡ̫׵ʮɱһˣǧﲻУûʮʮιСɣ㵽û˵
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¸ɫЩѿ¹ٸѾ᰸Ҫˣ
磬ǡ
ס˵Ļ
Сƺ¸̬ŵˣ첻Ըصͷ
лҪС˵Ȼȥ
Сǿ¸磬ֿңʹ˸Сĵɫת뿪
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¸ɫЩ֪롣
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ŵҡͷûУûС
¸ǰ£ҿһȷǷ˵ѣҶĲθеίʲôûС
Ժᣡ
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ǳɱ¾ϢճˣСԺȻûҲܿβľϾɱʵںңԶ
ȴҸеεĿ־壬ζûòԣһӶκνӴ

һһпվ͵ǱߣȻСܻ࣬ϻǺš
ĵʱͻȦȦ¸ͻǣû·ʱͻߣСͲԴһˣҵĵǣܻĵطѾһ飬Ҫټߴҿɾͻˣ֪ʱ᲻ֱС
죬Ҷû¸һЦȻһ磬һǲôģԷϾͶ˸ǣΪ˷йԹǿ̵÷
죬ڸʲô
ͻľŵҷɿӵСʯӣعͷ
չӣ㣿
վʵǸˣǸիЦһͿչӣ˿һŹֵĿңȻٿԵɣȻٿңð³֡
Сɣ㲻ҪЩ㻭ġ
չһ۾ţҺСĵһ˼صͷ
չӿңһ޿κΡСɡ÷кüˣǸϵһãȻֻ̤Ľ˵ϲɹ¹⣬֪㻹Ⱥá
û˸ҲԻС˵һ
ˣҲˣôһͰ͵СҺòãҪĽݿ㱻ţֻ²ҡ
չ˵ŻһݵǰĽҽģϲԵիĵġ
Ҳ֪չӿĽ˭ҡҡͷҲҪֲʶʲôĽݣҪĶˡ
չӰ׾ѾʼƲӡСɣᱻĽݾǶˣ˭֪ϲիĵģ
Ƕӣ
ӵϲ⣬æǰһѽչֽ˹˷ܵĿֿ
һ뵽ǸƮŵĶӾȻǹңҵľͲůůģЩᣬץסչӵʵӺϴμ뺦أץסǸʲôȪս𣿡
СɣҲ̫˵ɣղŻһСĵӣôһӵ֣Ͼ˸ˣ
ٺ١ΪҺܵĶ
ȻĻǲ˵ڵġ
Ľݺܺãæó鲻㣬ԲˣӶ𣿡
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ʵ¸ǺܺõģҪ˵ĵ㲻ã̫٣̫˰ɡ
þУˡ
չתҪߣæеչӡ
ܵչߣ̧ͷ͵ͷСС˵˵ҪСġʵº͵Цݣ仰Ҳ˵ڡ
֪ˣһת
ĿչԶߣŴֽĶիԹĸֵģû뵽ӾȻǵô
ڽ˯龰֪ΪʲôպĿʼգҽĽڻһڶóԡ

ûע⵽Ҷ˰ģ¸ÿ춼ģұ˵£¸粢ϲԵģôæ´ŵҲû

ֹ˼죬ҶͻȻʼæµ´ɨ˺ü飬С𣬲֪ʡʱסΪδʱĹ뷿
ֲ¸⼸춼ӰʱҶ˯ҲżҲһ䵭顣
֪ǲԼĴܸе¸Ѳǰôˣұģֲϲ벻ᣬ¸ϲҵģ嶼ء
СҲ֪ȥû飬ӾͱúѰС˱ǵģÿʰһ·ͥԺ⣬ˣ֪ΪʲôͻȻûǰڳʱŵĿƵǶӣң
ǱһæúܰɣȥִǵæѾôûˣСòҵ˰ɡ[֮] 



35 
һ磬Ҹհ鷿βøɾСǾ˳ܽҡ 
СɣˣҪҪȥ 
ҲȥҶԸ߸ϵﲻȤ˵ֳҲȥġ 
Сȴקסҵ˵Ϊʲ᣿Ҵȥˡ 
û¸ķԸҲȥĵط 
ûµģڣһ˵㣬˵㲻úƯ 
ҾСǾѾƯˣҪƯ󲻳ĻᣬСסҾȥܵúÿ죬ŮӻǱء 
СǣﲻĽΪʲҪ 
Ϊݰֻƺģҿ԰㣬˺ܺõģһϲ 
Ҳ֪᲻ϲ֪ððʧʧȥĻ¸һϲң 
ҪˣСǣĻᱻġ 
Сǵǿƺ£ұȸ˴ⲻԶĳ£ȻҾ˫ֽסȵӣ˵ʲҲǰˡ 
СǣҪѵĻͲҪקˣҾ¸£ 
Сɣ㳤Ȼ󣿡 
 
һ˵ɾйˣҲӦֻǵͷСǡ 
СҼ£ջûɿ֣˵Ҳˣϲʹɡ 
Сת뿪˿ 
ۣû뵽СһССŮӣһСҡ 
ллأˣɿӵ֣ȵϺֱ 
ʱ˴ӳȶ˹æƾһߡ 
ԴӼʶĽԶĺݶᣬҾѧ˹ԣҲǰˣҪĸӣҵѱˣ˵ǷĽԶһٴأûټ֪ǲǹ˼¸磬Բû鷳 
͵ۿȥֻӭһɫüĿ京Цݣһ֮£ʧеӣ 
һڣұϾڸððʧʧĽк֪᲻ײӣ 
Сɣ 
ߴӰԼǰͣҿʼľϲӣ˫Ц˫ᣬҾ͸Щн 
С 
ӵ˵æصǶСӲҹģðʧȥĻᱻ 
Ŵ𣿡 
ҵ˵ͷ 
λչ̽ͷЦСɣӵС˰˵Ӧøߵģᱻ 
Ӧͷ룬ϴҸ¸һȥ̽ó֮⣬ûٸȥĵط¸粢ϲҸء 
ﱻ˿˵ҲᱻҴȥˡ 
 
һ˵죬ܾĻû˵óڡ 
ҿԶСǴСУӵĻȴҲӣʣ¸һҵ 
һ˵ҪСɽȥģС޹أͲᰤǲǣ 
񿴳ҵĹǣ΢Ц 
š 
Ҳٶ໰ֻйԹԵظڶ߽λȴЦСɣ첻𣿡 
֪ұĻңҹû˽ңɣ 

ˣһλW˵Ůӣվ̬򷽣ỹüһˣȷʵһ㣬΢Цȴһݱ˵ǣҾЩ¡ 
˿Եһλܸ̬ϸ˵һׯϴμȣׯ̬ίһЩӥĿҲûɣȻü仹һӢȥȴ˺ö࣬λׯӴǰ 
ֻһ۾͸æͷ±˵ðӣΪͷԺȻľͰĿƵׯָϣϧִ䣬ָ׵ɫ 
ǰȥǰĸʩһݼף 
еĿǳǳһЦ磬ˣûûҪأ 
ʩһ˵Цˡ 
磬ﲻǻʹؽأǻǰƾͺá 
񲻿ɷϡ 
ڲһ˽ڵܣʲʱҲظˣԼΪλҪЩף 
ϤˣǴĽ͵͵һۣǷһŹӣŭȻһٵķ緶ׯĸУֻλ 
˴ӵĻᣬʩֻҲֱ 
һʩѵ֮ҲӹȻǱӡ 

ӺҴڲԵ¸ߣ΢ЦܣҹʱСˣŰ˽㲻Ҫӡ 
һæ¸ᣬͷҿʵÿҲ֪¸ڵɫһòȥ 
¸絭ӦһǷǻ񣬶ҲֻЦЦߵԱߵλֵ֮Һ֣¸˭ģ׸Ҳ⡣ 
¸ᣬҲͻȻǰնҵĵ£ղһֱı¸ӵлѽǺͿ 

 

36

Թ԰ȻԱһааĿҲҶĽԶЦЦĿ⣬æƵ𴦣ԲԸŹңȻǷСɣӸ紦Σ˵죬ɵɵģ˵ĹȻһ֡
ʲ˵ĹҲ׵ҡҡͷ¸ȴĵܣעԴǣ
ĽԶŶһ˳˦ǰѲֵȣЦ磬Ҳ̫Ҫ˰ɣʵֻҪеʿмСٵģʲˣֻҪҲҪҸģùȥ㿴һɵӣᡣ
ҿᣡ
ݺݵһ䣬¸ĽԶĻٴǻ
ҵĵؿ¸磬֪ǸҪӵˣܾΪִ̫֪磬ɣʵϴ˴ӵĻ֮ᣬҾ˯̵Ĵ㣬ֻһֱû¸¡

ѾˮģСҲһֱ߳üŪʾҹȥҶֻõûܸܵ¸ʱĬĲãҸеЩ£Щѹ
ҶĽԶûΪңһ˳ȥûߣɿˣ̧ͷ϶ͶĿ⣬Ǻ˫ͫﻹ˼ֵǣһů

ͻȻһһֱУͬʱӰֱǰԻȥֻӸе
¸ԾԣסĳӺͶסׯˣӺչҲǰסɱӰСܵ棬һʱһţӰɣꪸ꽻ཻ֮
ȸ䲻һ˲ﻹ֪˺£ֱһҶӱɹѪֱҽµĵذϣŵþ
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¸磬Ⱦҡ
Ȼһұ뻳Уͬʱһ׹бб佣һӣԷն춽¡
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ʱһɱӿͷ
¸磬ͷ̽ҵĲ
ҪļˣһǴСˡ
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Ľݾĵؿ뿿ĺӣСֽһĲ԰ף˫˿ȴնССزҶҪ
⺢Ż˰ɣ
佻ʵСû°ɣ
ˡ
ǵĶԻҵĸоعɵڸ壬ͱѪWĺҸеĿ־壬ҵͷʱʹǰһƬҰףصڶӵĻС

СɣСɡ
СǵǱأ۾ڴԵĵؿҡ
Сǡ
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Ҳ֪ڳ͢Ϊ٣ձȨ뺦Ȼܶ࡭СǡʵǰҲҹ鷳ĿŵɱǵһΣһʡ׵ʱ򡣡
ԭҴ鷳ģֻҪ¸鷳ľͺãˣϣҲҪҶӵ鷳
Сǵ֣ģԭСҲں°ץסϣܸһů
ΣգǲҪϻع
˵ȥ˵꣬òײŵõʡµĶ׼˵ʲҲȥ СǶһֵСɣҪ㣬Ͳܳˣÿһ˹ס˵˶ûУκò׻ؼʡףȴַ¡
Сǣ㲻õңǻ¸ҹɵ˵

Сǻȥᣬҿڴϣ̽뻳ǿ¸͸ҵмѹ
WѪλεĳԾǰ̻û뵽Ǹ˵ҪҵĻڶ˵ȴͷҶˡ

¸Ż˺˸һھͷŵϣҺ鴦Σɿ¸䵭ӣʹѯͷ
֪ӺʱʼҺ¸֮Ľ̸ԽԽ٣ʵ¸û䣬ĬԹҰɣΪ˾ġ
ɱᣬ¸ʹйһԻᣬ¸ҵ̬Ⱦ䵭࣬¸ӰӵصҲǰǰ̸Ц 



37

СɣѾˣӽ˯ա
¸絭Ļһ
ʵ˯Ĵ㣬¸ĻЩܣϾԼͱҪ¡
תһ룬С˯Ӧõģ¸˵ҲûҵӦڷ¸ᣬڵϵС
ûл¯ģݴСǰСһ˯Ŵֻܰȫһ䡣
ҪСھͺˣůͣС¯һڣҾͲˡ
˵С࣬Ƿ˼ˣҲΪʲϧǸ
ӱĽݸᣬҵڶαˣΪԼѿҸʱҲ

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Ұᵽ֮ᣬұȻİ¸ĳƺĳӡ
㻹ûѼң᲻ʶļӳֵܣȻƺᣬһ˿⣬ʲỰû˵
ǺǣС࿴гĻһҵġ

죬ӳᣬɨ㿪ʼɨͥԺ˭֪ɨ˼£ͼСǷر˹
СɣæˣҴȥ
ʲüģҵͷɨأȤ˵
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СɣһȥΪ˵Ҫ㣡
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Ϊʲһҵĸֲǹ
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ҵһν¥棬ͨС棬ҿɲСĹ뷿

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Сǽȥֻжˣϸ̸Цʲᣬ滹ö̴ӣҲӣæ
ɡ
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㣬СɳǲǺܿɰû֮ǰҾСһءСܵߣ
Сǣ뺦Ҳַʽɣ֪һ𣬲ҰӲŹ֡
Сɣ
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ǰɣҺǵһμϷأǵѽĽԶҲϷ˵Ķӣǵ 
Դ˺ðҲ벻ס
Сɣ˵֮ǰסڳԼׯģ꼸ꣿСС;ͱ͵Ϸʵ
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û뵽н˵ҲẬҼǵСҶ䣬ϷˣūŽʮһ꣬˵ūΪ׬Ǯģūžͱ˽
ҵĻػᣬϷ˵ɫƽ˺ܶ࣬ͷǾͲˡ
º͵ЦЦﰡҿʼ˵ˣֻǴɶѡ
˵ʲᣬһ
СҲ㣬˵ʲ᣿ʲǲǵģ
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ԭˣǸСͯһûķϷˣҪĻһԹ޵ĿңҵĴƵġ
һ߹ǵ̸ҷﲢС˵ͰףȻ͸Һö㣬΢Ц˵εҾ÷ǳǵҷżȻһĨĮ⣬һŵĹûɵһ
˴ʱ춱ǲ˳Ȼﱧ˺ö͵ĸ㣬һǷģԾϷжԶ߶Զ

ϵһλãӽϰ壬ϰĳĺøߴ˵Щ⣬ĴҲͱ˲̫һ̵ĿȥùŹ֣˵ϰͷкöϡŹֵĻÿε۶ܺá
ΪϰĳʹͬΪٵ֪ĽԶ˽ãԵϯӺĽԶвμӡ
Ϊӳϯ磬̿òͣżҲ赹ˮæòɿ
һĽԶֻ鷳ȥºܺãһֱڸϰϺȤţҪǸЩƵĻﶺȤûһۣǸϰҰʱǲص˵һЩ̫ĵЦ֮ǣһξƵҵĿա
ʱϯ輧ڵ裬Ҷóûע⵽ϰЩĶ 


38

һֱŽ˶飬ǸϰȵվסüҶʰõķȥϢ˭֪һѽߵӴҹȥˡ
ԼüɵСɵɵģǼǲס·绻ġ
鷳ѵԼл߶ɣүЦУӲǽӿҼϣһ˵
ϰѬҺܣӶѹϣǷ֧ŵס
ĽԶҡȣһЦ磬Ҳ̫С˰ɣС˱ǱЩ춴Ǹ̶ȡ
ĽԶһڳûҡ
ұϰصѹ뵽ղŶЩϣܻߴļҶң۰Ͱ͵ؿȥӾֻһûٶ˵ֵСɣСķүط

ӵҲ죬û취ֻܾ÷סͷѹϵﲻɢľײײذ᷿
ϰһͿˣ治һҪҷСִָ·ûˤſ¾ĸ

ò׽ϰ˴ϣҪ£ȴϰͻȻʵСǰɣ
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ɵӣҹ᳤Ϣ˷ѹ
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ſң
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㣿ҿĹˣȻͷ㡣
үЦסǰǰһק˻һڴ˺ֻ漴̽˽ȥǰϴŰ
ССصҸ޷ϰ忹⣬кܿ챻ʵ䣬еһֻ̲һҵ֮䣬ַĴҶĵ£ʹŤӣ֪ܳ͵ѿְ·Ҳ˹ȥ
ֻĴһϰʹʱɿ˶ҵЮƣҳûϣûвһϢԼĻ
˲ϰСУҷһײײ˳ȥʧУҵȻϰϵЦ

ĵģƢҲҵθڣ˵ǿϧû취˭˲õأ

Ҳ֪Լֻһĳǰֱүû׷ͣ½Ųص·ԣȫҲ򷽲ŹͿ־
һϰЩĵĶҵ㷭ҸϸŻɼʲᶼ²ֻܵڵشϢֹ

ղӦôϰ壬ûأɱźãȻһΪһͷ
һٴӲ˵İɣ
뵽ϰɫԵķֹסһŻ

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ͻȻһŲٵشǰ͵ҶΧУ֧ǰԾĻÿ˵յ粻
ץסߣΪ׵һ˺ȵʱҶǰҼߡ
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ҵ΢סҵߵúÿ죬Ҹȥ䴦̾ذһţݺ㣡
ҼǱϴקĴӵլԺмҵȽŴûٰߣǿ־ҾȻû̫ʹĸо

ܼžĴȻƻͨˣӣӺĽԶӺӵɫѿĽԶȴеҡȣֻسңϰһֻֽסͷŭݵһࡣ
ԭҴļ

£
ȵϱмҶǰ䴦ݺһţҳʹͨ˫类˴סҶá
ǿͷӣȴĮƽʱһĵȻҿ͸⣬˫ʵ˵ϰ壿
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ӵɫҺȵѶ
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ĽԶбҵ֣ҲҪҸϼҹɣ˽֪żҲЩɲĵĶҲ⣬ģԻᴦЩصˣװˡ
ϰһҵ˵أҲνӣһСߣԼʲҲ֪ɣ
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ҸӲ˵ʲᣬֻĽԶЦЩ£Щԣȴ֪
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λҶӣߣʮͽٸ
ӻعͷɭȻ㶼ˣĽݸ꣬δߣ㲻͵ϰ鴮ڱˣʸõ 




39-42


˵һӵĻ̴û͵û͵ʲ鴮
ž
˦ҵϣʹұ˽ڵأӻǱƴᵹһߡ
նʱһѪӿҵ°ͱ̧ĽԶҶЦ磬ƽʱ̫ЩˣǲŻûء
ƴҡԴ˦ֵֻƸȻеû͵ֻϰ壬û͵
ĹЦ죬䳰û͵ȴΪˣǸţѶᡣ
ҲֻǿӴеӣû͵Ǳԩġ

ûٿңӦҵֻ֡

Ҷ԰סֹҵľһһһҿһӺֻ˳æеҡ
ĽԶİһ׼ȷҵϣҪĻ˻ȥ
ǸҶǰﶼӵϣüͷ͵һ壬ϰȴϲ⴮飬⻹Ҵ˴γʱġ
վԱһֱһδĴͻȻʵ׹£ϰ壬𣿡
⵹ǡ
ĽԶ̽ͷһЦö׹ʶСʱ͸⵹ˣ磬ҼǵһֱϵģܵС
ӻشϰͽӿڵ⻹˵ȻҲ͵ˣҲ̫СˣصĶᶪ˶֪
Ҳû͵û͵
Ҳ֪Ķ忪ԼҶЮƣ˵ӵĽűߣеؽеӣû͵үĶ׹Ҳ͸ҵģǰӡ
ұĻû˵ȥΪұһǰ˵ȥһŴľʹ˳ǰ˲ӵȫʹĹӣͱҶǰ˵ϣҵͷѹĺܵͣҿǵı飬ֻĽԶᳰЦ
ǺЦСӾȻҵҵţ磬صĶ㲻ĸͼС˰ɣ
ûлشҲΪʲ᲻Ϊ磬ҵѽ
̧ͷֻܵͷֱû͵鴮Ҳ֪͵ģӣǣӡ
ûлشӡǣ¸磬ҵģǰҲû͵

ûи׹
ǰԵ˿ȴĵ
ͣ˺þòŪĻһҲ͸׹ȥɽڵϣһƬƬˤ飬Ҳ޷ϡ
ֹͣڼͷҲ࣬ҿǿͷ̧ҲŵǰӢȴޱӣǻķŭͲֻΪ֡
Ϊʲ᣿
Ϊʲ㲻Ϊұ⣿Ϊʲ̹ȻѣΪʲҰ㿴ҽҪˣȴµ

û⺢ľĿ⣬Ľֻ絶۵޿ɸӡ
ʱʹһֱӰεĸСɲ뽣ʱСһȥ˯ʱСȻįʱʹ߰ݺݵҧࡣ
᲻ߣ˵ϰ˭ºõӣĽԶҲˣʵ˭νΪԷĿľֻһڳ
ǴΪСɱһ磬ɹϵǿ׹νͣҪڶԴ˵ĸ΢СһСɵĹϵᶼ˵ˣ

ΪһС˾ܴĽԶҲ̫Сˡ
޷ӵȴֲ֣һֱʹȥ׳ʿ˶ϡ
죬ʹķεĿһΰɡ
Ľ±ܿ˫סԼȴֲʷ˫µȭͷ߬
ԲСɡ
Ҳµֻ㣡

ϰԱߴ˸ԲȻһˣҵļҲֻˣҿСͯףֻһʱͿѣͷһ¾˰ɡ
ˣˣǽָιܽҶˣ˵죿
ûӵĻҵͷѹֻһ˫⵽ǰȻҵͷקסʹͷ
ĽԶҵһϾǶ񶾵Цݣ˹˵Сɣ㿴ϰ嶼˲С˹ˣǸģҿ¾˰ɣ㣬Сһ£ġ
ûдû͵ԩңҷŭؿ䶢סҵÿһˣҲǸ
ԲС࣬һûĻ̫ǿֻû£ҪҽǸһӾɱ˴Ҳԩ

ˣȥʮϴͱ޵ϴΪֹ
ӱĻ£Ҷ̽ҼϵԺȻһƣ˵ص£֫ס 


һѩ˿̵ϻ˱һѩ˵ڻѩϣֻѩı͸Ȼһ죬ᱳѰľʹ̸ס˻ѩı۵ȫһһʹ˲Ϯᱳհ۷ɿϣʹ˰һ㷭һ£һ£Ȼ¡
ûмҶ丿ֻ۵شˣ޷ֻҧ־ʹ⣬ģҵʶʹĥĿʼģ˦ʱеļԽԽᡣ

ˮϣĴ̼͵ѹͷ˾סʹͷѾϤˣĽԶеڶˣ΢ɵ˫ۣȻǰһõЦݵĿҡ
СɡĿд˼ζ㻹ǵ˵Ƿһٴģû˸ǷҵĶڴ˻һأⵥٴȥɾͷˡҲϧ֪ԩģֻҪǷҾ顣
ҵ죬ͻȻǺЦ
ĹӣǮɱİɣ
ҵСʵϱ˦ʮޣܿ˵ѾܲˣĽԶҵķŭȫԼ˿û˵
쵰ɱҲͰˣȻҪҹһ͵ԵǼסˡ
ĽԶһ㶣漴һ˿ֵЦݣҵĶСɣΪǮɱģǾɱİɣǸɵӣڶ֪˭Ҫ
˭Ȼˣ
ҲЦЦĹӣ˰ȻЦῪģֻ֡
ɾҵͷ۾ңʵ֣
̬
֮еģҵֱݺ˦һǶ⣬ȻͷʯϣǰһΣۿʼģѪ˳ǰ£εѩϡ
ǰİѩԼѪȾɺɫֵҵͷȻûʹֻһζѣֻ̬ǲᡣ
ѣĴԴȴĽԶƵŭһ𱬷
Һݺݵش򣬴Ϊֹ

ģˣľܷŹӣ˵ѵʱҾˣȻɵϡ
ֻǲΪʲ᣿ΪʲĹĺ´һȫˣΪʲ׿ڶ˵Ҫңҿֵȫ˻ԣ
ΪʹͿĽԶ֪֪ǾԴҵʹҪȱ޴عٱǧ

뵽һӹŵĽԶ߳ŭӣҾЦĳ嶯
Сɣ㻹Ǵ̬õǡôһֱҾֻ͵͵˵û뵽˵ʹ졣

ЦһѪ͵˳ؿڿʼʹһ𣬰ı޴ǲϴӿӿѪ
÷ˣѪˡ
ʶֿʼģеľǰɢԺڿ޽С
磬㲻ҪٴСˣģˡءСɲ͵ģһǱԩģ˵仰
Сǣллҡ
û뵽Ҳˣ°˶ˣС࣬һΣɾȲҵڶΣҪ֪£һֻұǲǣϧҲ޷

ʹﵽһ̶ȱ㲻ٸоʹΪʹᱻľ棬ҲʶͷƾԼʶֹĺڰС

ۡ
һƺֹʹҴӺڰгɹľ˳
˫ۣӳľСųǵӡ
û뵽ҾȻҺСķ
С࡭
ỽһ֮;ɤʹҷֻè˶١
ʲᶼ˵
һůеСֽҵ
Сɣ޾Ϳްɣ޳һЩСǵ۹ҵĺʹ
С࣬ΪʲҪã˴£Ϊʲ㲻ң

岢ۣһֱ ֺľֻ֪һ²еʹǲҪˣ
ĿһʹһѪ̲סӿߣϣұǸĿСࡣ
С࣬ŪĴҡ
Ɀڻ˵Щ
ȿȡԲ𡭡
ԲС࣬Ҽǵ̹ұ̫ǿģ˵öԣǸ޿ɾҩı
С࣬ᣬҪҸһĵطңȿȡǵϷʱҪЩġȡϲǷβ֣Ǹġȿȡ
һѪֲϵشӿӿҷڴϾҵضƴѹסʹѵؿڡ
Сҧ´ұ죡˼˵˲Żز㶼ˣһ᳤ġ
ȿȡӦСֹסĿ
ǱӣСഹ̾СɣҲãҲøģһ£ܾͲˡ˵ӶܺãΪûá֪᱿ˣĻϲ
С࣬Ҷˣ˵ҲãпҼвУ
Сɣ֪ѹǲǣʹС°ǵ÷㲻ҪԼòã

С֪࣬Ȼݣ֪ǰ㳳ܵʱûбСˣ
СһҧгݣҾȻ̲סٺٺɵЦ
ҹŹֵЦȻŻС࣬ŵСɣСɣ㲻Ҫң㲻µģǲлҪ˵Ǿ˵Ҫ
ȿȡ˵𣿡
˵˵
ǿסԣϢ˺һ֣صصС࣬ҪסϷʱĵһҪǻģҲϲζġȿȡ
Сһ㶣ʱȥˣ
ҺСԸµڰ֮С
С࣬ҪΪģϲЦСҵӡ
ҿЦȥҲߵðġ 


ĽݾڴߣǸڴϺϢС˶
ؼǵüǰҶɽׯĳӺܿȴЩӵػӣʱվ£˫ڱʯԣǲŲ죬ÿɰС˶ĴϣϢĻ˯޵Ϣʱж˵Ŀܡ

Ľݾ£ǰŻһժ¥ͱ佻ȥķǰ֣صض˵Űһ㷿ˣ㿴˿ɲҪԾ
֪佻ʧִ£ĽݾͷһԲݣ㿴Ǹ޷ŵľ
СɺϢظϣŻҰ׵СͷϻɴҲ͵ǱüһţΪʹʱСèһ΢ٵ
Ľݾ㵵ǣ¶ᱳݺύɼǵıˣ޺ԵƤⷭ¶Ѫ˿ڡ
˺һ֪޳ɵ̵ĳ£޴֮£Աޱ޼ǣɵĴ漫󣬺Ѻת̷ͨڴɱԽطϣ˭̾һ̣
ĽݾԾ˫佻޿κεı顣
뵽˭ˡ
Ȼ֪Ľ£˭ܶС˶ֻ֣ǩΪҪ
佻ʼ磬شĽݾʡ
˵ʱ⺢ӳû͵ϰӵ׹ʲģԲűʩϳͣȴһֱ㱻ʮޣﶼˣ˵;³Σû뵽˹ժ¥ǰҾˣҸȥһ֪Ǹ߾ȻСɣʱ⺢ҲʣһǶأѪ౻¸ɾˣҿ⺢ûŰˡ
Ľݾ΢ЦӴʱѾˮ
ǸҾ˵ĺ˵СΪС飬ȴӸỹĹӺϰȰ˵ŹСɣʱѱѪˣȥˣʼգӶûһ
ĽݾԾһûУ
̱Ǳ뺷˶ĽҲסޣССĺӾģ
佻һ۴ڻ˯ĺӡ
ǰ󲻵èһɵĺӾ˸ҰɣʵϽкܼһʹ࣬⺢һԣʹȫۼڣʹܵ˸ڸҲҸչȥʱڻҪ㣬ͷ˺ôһӣϵŻѪ˳ˣֻûˣСɾȻһֱӲøǿĺӡ
Ľݾǰ̧ḧӵ㷢췽õҩҪ˿ػ
ģҲӦСһҽǴκһ˵ġ
ҪκãҪе˺ȫȥҲ뿴κһ̺ϡ
佻ԣɶĽݾʵ֪뷨ҲԱ֤κܱ֤ͬ⺢ӵ岻ͬĴˡ
ұ֤
ұ֤ҲĽ˲̵飡֪˶ԴСɣһʼͲ⺢ߣ
ĽݾƽͷһζԼжϸеڡ

իһĽݾСߵ뷨ֻ飬ڲ϶˼ӵ¡
ֱ·Ű׾Щ㲵Сʱϲ΢Ц΢ЦҲǣһ
ҲƵӣɵӵָŴ˵Լɹ¹ʱĽݾ֪˶Ѿǣסģϲӣ޹أֻΪСɡ
ֻǵߵ鷳СɹȥʱǺӳС֮ˡ
֪ϲӣ㹻ˣСɱǸϧĺӣĮиˣӦùúҸɡ
ȻЩźĽݾΪǸеˡ
Ƕµ佻ȴѹĽºСɵϢԴԴϵظ֪Ľݾ̲סҲ佻իĸתСɣǿǺϲʳء
Ϊὥӣ˭֪ǰտСɿĵʺʱĽݾһ˿¶
ֻյд֮Ľݾеϲ𣿾ȫ춲˶ȥʱʱֻ֣ѱ춽¡
²⵽֮ǳʲ⣬ֻҲûϵĽ»˾飬κ˶֪͵ȫһڣ˭֪ΪԼӣɰǸİ˻ĽݾһηԼĵܵ˵ı塣

Ľݾḧһ㷢⺢һ춼ǿᱳɲ޺ۣ˭Ϊֻ˯ˡ
ۡ
ССڴУСèһĺһǲɴĶͷͱ϶ϸϸĺ飬úӲʱӣ΢ӿﴫ
Сᱳˣ޷Ǳ⼸Ľݾ˼ů¯¶ȡ

Ľݾͳ־ﺢӰѺˮȥɴһѪ֪˿ѿ£佻СɻҩʱĽݾ˿ڣ˵ĽԶѺӵͷʯײ˵ʱŭ㲻ɶֹر
ĽԶһ㣡

ͻȻСɵĺеûСû͵ûС
һֱĽݾϰ⾪߽ĺӵյ֪Сû͵ûУ
û˯еĺӰҲʼƽȣ·Сèĺߺ

⼸죬Ľݾժ¥¶짷磬佻СɣСɴӺϢʼշת֪⺢ûˣʣµֻǵһ
ɼʹˣĽݾÿնСɵĴߣֻСֽУẢӵʹ࣬뿴СܣΪÿÿŴʹСҲһʹ
ɵɵСɣѹɣɳԲϲķβְ
һºСͷĽݾ΢Ц˵ 


ʹȡ
ΧһƬڣʲᶼֻǾóȣᱳһʹǵС˵һȥɣȻҾ͵ڰˣǲѾˣ
С࣬ΪʲҶˣҪף
˲ǾͲʹΪʲһǻʹÿһ£ᱳԣҪʹһٱһǧӾڻ¯ա
Сɣúõù˻㣬ȱ֪࣬һʼͲҪǿˡ
ԺģоԼڰдȥѲεֻǴƴˣԣҲǱԩģҲŲҪԩ
ˣᶼģûȾҡҡ

СɣСɣѹѹ
ҵڶߣԴ죬ңͲǷҼƴҡͷ÷ɿ죬͵ץס֣·ֻҪץסҾͿԵþһץֻ֣Ҳɿ

СɣСɡ

ĺ춴г͵۾ֱ㶵ضߵʣԼӿʵľĻھҵͣҶ˶첲㷢ֺ񱻷ץһ˵ֺܼʵҲů
С࡭
һ䣬Ͷ۵׵ȴǶŵЦ̡
Ϊʲӻߣ
ӡ
ЩԺĿ㲻ԼǲΡ
ûӦңֻĿ⿴ңǰע£ұ綯ͣ
Сɣˡ
š
ȴæס𶯣˿ڻʹġ
һƦƦЦҵǰЦʵСɣǵ𣿡
ȻǵãǸϲЦչӣǰڷ¸һġ
չӡ
չִסҵȻῴ˵ȣ⺢ûˣʣµľ˵ơ
ҵᱳȻЩʹĸоѲ˺ѷεʹˣʵǲǲˣ
չӵһۡҽڴˣûף
ԭչҽֲһĻ֣Ըģ
С
СǵӣҾͺϼ
Сأ
ӺչӶһۣչ˵Ľݵժ¥СҶɽׯⷼƣȻϴ
ҵ˵ͷ˽

չᣬʵСɣ˵̫أҪסܳһʱ䡭㻹ҶɽׯǱ𣿡
ȥȥǻزȥˣı޴ҲٰڶΣأ£˭ң
ҵ㯣ЦǾס°ɣժ¥ܵķ
Ǽ£æصӣңû͵ҡȿȡ
һθϱ㷭ֿʼſڴͷҴϢ亹˳ͷ߲ϵ£ؿڵʹǰһķڡ
һůһº͵ů˳ҵڣʱǻ࣬ϢƽǹůůϢڻҾȫ泩
úЩ𣿡
ߴĻҼԭղŰҴнѵҲ
֪СʲᶼûСǱԩģûϵס˸ˡ
͵Ļﰲ˲٣ĻͬĻҲ˵ǵ
СɣһֱſǲǺۣ
˵˴ߣұУҾ͵бϣؼſһҾ˺ܶࡣ
ҿǿ뵽һԵú񣬲ӸЩͷḧ·뻺ҵĲϸ΢Ķһů
ҲǸСˣΪʲҪã
뷨ûԺڶãҾֱ¶ǡ

ʱоѺ˺ܶ࣬ӲڣֻһǵСԣҵһֻֻ
С࡭
ˣҼй˭֪Լͷ˯
ǻԺòãҲҪ
֪СŹκһҵĻᡣ
Ҿ˵᱿үһҪġСһԼ߷ߵ˵
С˵һڲģﷴú
С࣬Զõѡ

㵹ǻˣǷժ¥һ飬չӴӻȪ·ģ͵ţ˰ɡ
Ҹ˵һϢϾЩˣ̲סСϾܽŵʵò𣿡
ҡҡͷС࣬ᱳأչӵҽúܸ뵽Ҫ
Сһۡ
ժ¥չǵҽ㵱ʱǸӳ˭ܾȣҳ£ʹȻ㣬ĽݸǱҲݲˣԼڸҲӲˣܾ㲢ҪԼľֻжһˣҲ˼ԹԵС˰ɣ⼸õҩСҲ𡣡
Ҳ޵С࣬ô
ƨ
˵ҲǴӹŹ˸صˣСͲһ㣿


ף죡
֪ûг±أѾö궼ûˣǲǸѧС伢 


43

ǣС࣬Ĳܸһȥ𣿡
ȻҺܺãҲС࣬˵ĶԣЩӵķȷ黹Ҫ죬ӳζòܣ¡
㻹֪£µĻʱΪʲ᲻ģ˵ĹҪ㣬˭֪㲻ģӣǰ˵Ļ㵽ûȥ
СÿֲҸΪԱĽԶҪֲĶࡣ

СС˵ĹǸ̬ңҲ¾ݺҵġ
֪˼ĽݸĹݺһС˸ʲ᣿
ԭҪǾ˵ˣҼʹ˵СҲδؿţֻõҲµġ
С̾ͱɫס
£µĶҲСɣĽݼλӣѾλҲϲ㣬ֻܴˣɣ
֪ﲻϲң
ȻԼҲָоС׿˵ЩëȻҶĳһ

ߣ㣬ֻҪһ仰͹ˣ˽ʼһδҪĹ飬ֲ˰ûˣ˵ĹҲһء
ҲŲҪǱ̬ңһϷװˣ㿴СҲƭˡ
һǵùΪʲÿ˶ϲң
һɥӣСæȰҪ˼ˣ˵ạ̊́ҪСˣǾû˸Ҷġ
ͷ룬һֱӸҵĸоУλһֺǿӲѹұΪ˵أСӦòῴˣξСĻ

С˺þòҪߣæеС࣬ʲʱң
ҪµģΪ㣿ſˣпȻͻСװͰ仰ͻȻ˵˾䡣ɣֵ
֪СָȴͷһԲ
С࣬ûϲһˣ֪֪һͣɵ˵ܻܿ˺أ 
ұϵı޺Ҳ˿ںܿͻã̺ȴһӣʱ̵ңǸҵһһҪء
ҲӲңҲԭװң
Ǹ͸ҵİ
ҧſڴͷ°Ͷͷϣˮ˳ղϻȥڱ޴ʱûޣСǰסޣĿڴжһ˺飬˺ѵʹҪᱳʹܣʹҳ˷ڴͷ֮

ӱط֮ҿһůĻ֪˭ˣ˫ֱӣᱳЩۡ
۰ɣ
֣ Ϊʲܲҵ£
̧ͷˮ˫ˮӯӵӿȥԵʣæգգۣξӨ۽Ǵ˳
Ҹȥˮ΢ЦСɲ԰佻ǰõҩϣҪ֪㻹ڱԹʹһĵġ
佻չӰɣʵѾˣҪǺľͲˣæͷְɡ
Ϊʲһֱޣʵ
̧ͷҲ֪һú͵Ŀ⿴ңҲҿһš
ӵҵͷСɱԩһίΪʲỹҪСǰװµӣ
ԭӶˣǰƵ˵ҲСൣġ
ӦҵǶĸ
вҪúòã֪Ҷûеֿˡ 
ˣһʹ¿ˮĺãӿɲС࣬һұЦҵġ
Ұͷڶӵǰʼ˵û͵ϰ鴮Ҹû͵ӵûҡ
Сɴϰ𣿡
ѵҲ
뵽һ㣬ҵͻȻһʹ
Ҳġ
һϰһЦЩĵĶҵӾͲɾҶ͵ץסǰ½еҵ£ס˺ҵ·ͣңҺú£ֻߡû

Ľݾ͵Ŀ
ȻϣǸϰϲò꣬û뵽ξȻӶŹ
Сɵ£֪֪
С˶ԼҵĽݾæӵ㷢Ŭʹ
Ǹ͸ҵģϸߴңѣϣǣΪʲ᣿ҲΪʲҪӣǲҲԣӲң
ϲ㣬Ϊ㲻ԣã֪ʲᶫֵȥϧġ
Ҳ
Сɣ㲻ض벻¾ͲҪ룬ΪֵȥЩĵ£óԵʲᣬ˯ãѵһ𣿡
ΪʲҪҾȻˣһѣһöӺö
ʲ᣿
ͷ룬ͻȻ۾һæ̧ͷеӵؿӣСʵβǲǺܹ󣿡 







44

һ㹦ᣬſڴͷһҸʳСɣƷ˱㲻ӶЦ
짷̾ǸӣһеóԵģͰѲĵȫˡ
佻ͬҡҡͷ˵ֻǲԸȥˡ
짷ɵǰɣҿĿлһβҪĽǺֶΣһ仰Ͱ⺢ӵ˼˱ȥ
˵˭ҲҪСǰ֣ܵǱֹܼ˵һ⺢ˡ
佻짷һۣǰæʵҪһ͵С
䣬ͱһ˫۹ݺݵ˻ȥӹֻǽҥ˵ѡ
짷üĽݣ쳾Ѷ˾ɱɱӦ͵˾ǣ⣬սʮҲһԻ֮㻹Ҫӣǲװɣ
ĽݾɱҪҵ
Ҿеǰȴ񡭡
ĽݾЦЦĿתݵĺϣѾһΣٴڶΣ
짷ʼ硣Ӣѹ˹ذȻǸ㲻ʲˣֻҪϲͺãˣ⺢ȬҲûЩʱ䡣

Сɣٽӫѩ㣡
ĽݾŮӫѩݺݵĽ䴫˹ʱ˵߶˹ȥ

ͷǰüƯ㣬Ӳߣ̳úСһȴһװͰ͵ӣҺѵˣ׳Ƶġ
Ҷ˺ϲĵģźҳԷƺİΪʲ᲻ˡ
Ϊʲ᣿
Ϊҽ㣬ҽˣ
ǡ㱾ͱ

нʲϵһǶܰճɻҽŭϼʹ֪ˣӫѩ
ϴһЦҿչվЦҲˣСɣˣЦ
ӫѩȴһѰǰĲȫʰˣ޺޵ص㲻ԣˡ
ذѶʰȥίر죬ϲĵĲųڡ

СɣӫѩΪãѲãǸԣ̫ܳࡣ߹Цҽ˵
ԭӫѩС൹
ǲǿԶԵأæʵ
Ӧÿ԰ɡ
Ǿͺá

ѾϴЩԭ£ھȻΪҸоֵֹģҵһò󻰣ΪǸѾӰϴһֱЦᶼﲻסЦ
һжʰᣬҿչ˵Щʲᣬ˺þչӲߣѾҲȥ
߽ҽһ£ԼҲɵ˴ϣְ§
бſڶӵϣһֱſڴҪˣҲϲůůĸо
ǡ
ӣΪʲҪ˯ҵĴ

һŹĶӣ˵
СɣҵĴԵʱһֱ˯ķ䣬ˣȻҪ
ӺĽԶĻ͵һҾΪͬűǼģǵӲˣڶӡ
ʶӣϧûʵĻᡣ
Сɣ˯ɣ⼸Ҳˣ˯ԼĴȽ

Ϊҵ²۵İɣҲٶ໰ԴƽȵĺȵϢҲҲ硣

ҾͳմĲ˼ӵСˣմ綼ҪҳƺǹӣӫѩҽһǶǹˣֻ˳ǵ˼

ҵᱳÿ춼ҪҩϵЩ¾ȻǶӰġ
Ϊһմڸҩʱײˣһذմ˳ȥֻմеǼ㲻ڣСɷҩǴֻвˣûŮ֣֮Ҳϲˣ㲻ҪľԱòã
ЩӣҵľͿʼСģʶһοӣŪҲú¡
С˵ĶԣӾԲȥºͿס
ܿҵĲ£΢ЦҵͷȻһߵҩʼϷ󣬲ʵСɣÿҩòã
æͷ
Ҹ˵𣿶ղմ磬ﻹ˸Ҹҷҩ
Сɣ˿ڻ۵𣿡
ţˣЩطᷢ
Ǿ֤˿ϡ
Ǿͺãſڴϣúܡ

ڴĵſ죬һСͻȻңƯһ˫۾׵ӣҲװң޵ñһ
СһұЩݺύıˣСһֿʼޣҶֻҪմҩЩ˰̾ͻ䵭ûɾȰסȪӿСǣֻޣͲڽʲᣬӫѩԱ˵˾ٿ޾ͲƯ˵ĻСסˮ
ΪСǵĴޣҼóһȺоСһ㶥Ӽ¯ȶˡ

СǺھεԭûܰҾʵСǵ£Ҵûֹοһޣ
ҵ̬СǺܿģ˵Դҳᣬÿ˯ȣΪйȥܾȵң˭֪ȴϰ˵Ҳ󣬻˰һҹ֮ûȥҹӣ˵Ǹ˲Ϥ硣
֪СԶǰǰЦˣǶֻ˵Ŀʱһȥ 



45-46


ʮҩᱳıʼϣԲҲ´߶ˣմҩԡ
˵ʵڵģһ಻֪ʲݸľһúöģһĲԸӱ˵ҩԡᱳı޺ȫʧһ˰̶һ⻰Ͼɵ㶵ظҲں˰̣ԼҲ
Ҿ͵ڶοɫմĪЦӡ
մһʱǳϲЦ˺þòûЦ۽ǻ᳤ЦƵģԵϡ
С˵öԣӿڳһҪμס
ӵɫҺ£ҲҶ˵һ֣ԹԵҩҩԡӵɫͺתˣ˵Ϊ˽ңϻһģᣬΪİĵģҾͲٷҩԡˡ

С࿪ʼңƵĺתĴҲԽԽ١
зһֵֻҪСңһϳ֣ǴڨС˵ʹСȥҲȴִ˲ƣûһĸС˵ЦҾúܲ⣬ƽʱǸϲ˵һСȫأĮκСǰҪʰ·硣
ҸԾ֮ᷢһ¡
һСң˯ˣСûңһڴ߾ķʵʱѾˣֻǿֻ߽ܺܺıۼ£ΪʵڲÿαСʺᣬٱݺݵصۡ
ͷʹ˺ܾãΪʵ벻ԼλԶϲˣǰһǺе
ƺûѾˣСԾɵͷͣڱ𴦣ȴƽС࣬ʵΪʲ᣿

ʲΪʲ᣿⻰Ҳ̫˰ɣû
СȴˣûΪʲᣬͼ˸䲻㣡
Ȼشܲ⣬ߵص㲻Ҫдʣ佻ʱҾԣҿú㵱ʱǹģȴֱͦҴûΪͼκ˶߹öࡣ
СЦ˵̧ˣҶԼ߹
⻰
ΪʲҪԼϲ㣬ѵ㿴ϲҲÿζҽӽ㣬ǧټ㿪ģҡ
ӣҲûҲɲժ¥ĶҪӣŶӵ㣬ֻǸͷСˣûð˹ӵ£
С࣬Ȼ˵ңҵʲˣ֪ϲɵӣѵУ짷绹Ȳһɵ𣿡
ϲ˭޹أ߿

ɵӣ
˵Ұ磬㿪ʲЦСϲңģÿ첻Ǵ̸ϲˣҪ˵ϲҲӦϲŶԣûÿμ㣬С۾Ҷ
ԣǵ¸Ҫң϶İҹɵһУֻе㱿ѣҪҪ˵
ЩҪһ£Сŭؽеſң
ЩԾæ۾ֻ罫СڻֿסСͷʹԼȻѴСĴϣǵúܼңһ˵С࣬С࡭

ž
һİƽһߣȻСͷҲصı˳ȥһҲȥûע⵽̫𾪶һ߱ͻŵôҡ
ãá
ҿ˭ûҿһĻСĸԣһᱻɱڵģҵһηСѾǿֲֿݵˣӵĶⶼ˦˵ҾǿһҪǿöࡣ

СûңҺõ鷳ʵ֤ҵĵĶǶġ
мȵģֽ˺üŮ֮⣬ʲ鶼û
Ҳ֪Щû֦չŮʲˣӫѩһ䣬˭֪ӫѩһм˵ЩǻŮӣ˵Ҳѧã֪ƯŮơ
ԩΪСൣĲʵѽŮӣӫѩұ⣬Ҷݺݵһ٣ٴӫѩСͬףʲҪ֪Ҫٽ

ԴµػᣬҾʽΪӵ࣬ʱֻժ¥ڣʵϣĻǸӳȥ£ӫѩȴ˵ȥˣժ¥Խ¥ûɵĸࡣ

ժ¥ҶɽׯߵĹһ㶼һҶɽׯǱ߾ʹûӫѩѾʹڶǰҲһװͰ͵ӣֱС㻹ҪС㣬Ҵ۽硣
ӫѩһˣ֪ǸĳܺõˣȻʱ˵̱һЩһϣСӫѩǺƵģһ̲ס͵͵ֹ˵ѣ⻰Ҳ֪ľӫѩҶ䱻š˼Ȧһ̿ĺմǴЦֹҲֹ̿Сɳ֪˼ýˡ
ֻһ˵ѣҪҪԸ˵ҾȻϲС£һֱ׿СģԴӺ糳ûһףҲʣֻһ͵͵ﷸֹ

һֵǣǰһñʾͷ۵ëûˣȻⲢһд֣ǻ֣ʱĥīģΪɫ¾ĥīˡ
վڶһĥīһ߿дĸҵȤ֮һȻʲᶼǿдʱǸר־ӣҾ;ú˧ 


Ͼʱӻմʲģմ˵ӵΧܸߣʷ֣Ҳǲ̲סһ䣺ȻնߣΪʲսʱһȥӦս
̲סЦֻԵһ֣ǿʤ֮ģ㲻塣
仰ͷ˺ܾҲûףӾ㲻ã˵ЩĻ

ĵĻ䳡ϿȭÿοӸմǲһҾҲȥһսȸԾ֮ģ˵ҵ廹ûȫԭ˺֮ᣬͽһЩǿĹ
ҶǿĹûʲȤ˵ҪѧַѽѽĹ򣬶Ӷû˵ľ͵ͷӦ˵ҵи֣һɵñǶߣøˣϾ͸ǰҲӣңΪֹز⴫ء
Щֻһ˵ģû뵽⻰ᶼһӵı顣
մ翴ӣ˵⺢Ӻûء
ӻû˵æӿڵҵȻûˣǿᱳء
Ϊ֤û£һԭ¡
һ˿ֵĹâ΢ЦСɣǸĺӣ֪һûµġ
ǺǣڿҴء
϶ͶºĿ⣬һ죬æƵ˱𴦡

һ£ᱳ˾ȫˣӦҲκ˰ɣΪմÿθҰᶼһĲ˼顣
СɣһӣȻͭǣ˾Ǹǿ׳ĳӣҪȫָҲûʱ䣬һ¾ͺó
ΪմҽС˵õĶõҩҺõĿʲֵģ
մ绹һľ棬ҡͷˣõҲ˵ɣ뵽ˣСɣһ볣ˣҵҩ˰ɣ
ʲҩˣ
ǳԸҩٰ룬һ㶼۵ǲǣСɣҪͬ⣬Ҿÿ춼իĵĸԡ

ÿܳԵĹȻãɻҪҩ롭
뿴ܿ£ʵϸоģۣǺҩеǿˣһÿ춼ҪҩĺѺȰǵġ
Ծϵʱ˰˴𸴡

СɲҩˣҪУȥæӣ
ӣ
ת֪Ƕӻˣæ´ܵߡ
⼸ŰȥˣΪҪþöأû뵽죬һЦݵĿң̲סǰסͷӣҺ㡭
⼸ûжԣ˯ȣĻӵǼů¯Ҫů
ҲСɰ
Ӻ紺Цҵغ
ȿȡ
֪ΪʲᣬմͻȻҿһһȥӺˣʹҴ뿪ˡ
մᱳе㵣ĵصմɤӲ̫ãҪҪԼŻ÷
Ǵ򣬶չԼסҵֵСɣҵ鷿иСһϲ
鷿վʵӣҪдҰĥī
ҵòīԽĥԽӫѩЦ˵ⱲӾǸ˵С˵̷˵к㣬ͰǼ˶һӣҺò⣬´ҪСѧЩ´ʶǾ᱿

ҲдţҪһ¡
Աߵ£˭֪һֽȥϡ
ҵˢľͺˣȻһڶӵĻߣϵĻͷһΣҶӻһǰһҲܶ
ǿϵ֮ܰϮҾ˵ͷҲָֻ̧קסѵһǲͣؽ

ף
ͻȻһֻСڹڵҵǰ
ֻıɫС꣬ͨ徧Ө͸۾úڱʯǶɵģе̣ЦһɵɵĺÿɰæֽӹӨӨĹ˵ÿɰСӴ
ǰһϾ뵽СɻϲȻ
ССͷðİŵ̨Աߣ˵С԰ϵֽҾ÷ˡ
СúܿɰһܹذɣϴεĽѵҲҺ˼ˡ
ӡ
һůӴ潫˻ס̾˿˵͸СɵСɲҪ𣿡

ȻҪĲˣֻǡ
Сڹ귭
ùС泯ϰ˹ֻСԲĶϿһСС֡
ɡ
ӦǷ֣ǰѧģСһľǷ֡
ǰԩСС͵ģΪϿء
һʯͷʱأæϲذС걧˻
ܵҵĻٱԩϵİɣĺϸء
ӣлл㣡
ϲͺá
ӣȡְɡ
СˣȻҪСȡ
ǾͽСˡ
ϻһ˿ȵЦݡСꣿҲ𣿡
һ˵ֻ¿ʼ롣
Ҫʲ᣿Сë?СףСǣСࣿвУСҵĺܰСϡ
㻹ǽСɡ
ûע⵽һʧܣϲҲ˵Сá
һԼĶĻŭŵİС﷭ȥû쵽ӵĺЩ٣סҵ˫ֻ΢΢ 



47

Сɣҿһᱳˡ
š
ҵ˼˿ȫСϣֻӦһ䣬ÿζǶӰҷҩǰһҲò˼
˳ӵĽ¿۽⿪ȻὫᱳӡ
ӣұϵ˺ǲѾǳ˺ܶࣿ
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ӵЩ죬˫ִ´סңǰ͸ĦϴֲڵϼĦҵļϣЩʹȴһֺܹᱳһ˿˿иĶңеҲе飬̲ס߳
ҵ˱øǿң֮м˲鲼ҵᱳǰ˫Ҳҿ۵øصĴϢԽԽǴʪ֮Ĵ˱ҵļͷǣֱ쵽ҵϡ
ӡ
еһӲҵβһҵزͷֻĿϲѲҸϵĸЩԽԽ£ԴֱĶ͵ȼһůӾؿĻ
ҧҵգۿҪҵĴߣҵҶǿȵĿ⣬˵ϾŻǺ£ͻȻƿסҵ˫֣һߵ·˳ȥ
ҺΧûˣҶ߶º£һ·ңҰŴסĻҵ
ֻҲ÷ɿ죬֪ΪʲƿӣʵҲִղҵĸܵĽӴм˷ܣϲãм¡
¶ӣҲ֪Լʲᣬ£Ҳһеƿ
ƽҲž쵽ԼղŵжжʧֻǸСˣʲҶûȨܾģȴ˶ӵӡ
뵽ıŻŵĿʼ£˶ӣҲ֪ȴԼĽʲᣬҲ֪᲻ϰң

Ƶ˹ҵͻһæصסţ֪Ÿһƣһνķ
СɣԲ𡭡
͵洫ղһʱͿ᲻·ˣ㲻Ҫ¡
ƽ͵ұֹͻȻԼɵǸˣȻЩҡ
СãҰſڣǵð

ˣ
ŲԶȥҸ˺þòԥŴ򿪣ӰûУſڵĵ϶˶ֻС꣬æ
ĿʼЩڣ϶˺ö飬Ҷ˵ģ˽⣬֪ղŶڸ󻶣ҲƿģҵӣҲҵľˣãģʲ᣿ֻǸͼСˣҪװߣ
С꣬⣬Ļһ

ǶûңʱҲû֣̲סһԵӫѩȥ˭֪ҷۡ
Լȥﶼ֪൱ĵˮƽ
˵췢£ҿ˵мϵݷãӺմǣҿȥ˾¥򻨷ȵأҪܻ
һ˵ȥ˻ֵطƵĺ֪ܲϵӦ꣬ɻǾòġ
ûɵӣӫѩֵʵСɽ첻ϲĵĶԡ
ǰԼҲò˼飬ʽζĵİǰ᲻
Ҳǲ˰ɣ

һֱҲӻұСڴͷ˺þã춰סᵹڱ˯ˡ
ԺиоŽݣ۾ӣ
š
΢ľһŨҵĹ㴫ҵı
ӹȻȥֵط

ҵԼЩʧ䣬Ҳƣ˳һѣɵ˴ϣƣӣ²ãͷ
ʵͬѾкöˣÿκʱϾͻоȴǲͬʱǵĲ軨㣬ʱŨ㣬ʱŵĶ㻨ζ
ҲΪʲҲҪϣ͵͵ʹӫѩ˭֪ǸСƳһۣ˵̻ŮǵǾ̸⣬ٵ˹㣬ҪעһˣͻᷢҲζˣ˵ûһǺöҲ㣬Сɣ
ǰ̫첻֪ʲ᲻ԣǹŨζҺܷ꣬ҶƵİת棬ǽͶһξ롣
ʹˣŨҵĹ㻹ǲҵıķң˺þò˯ȥ

ڶͣ뿪ˡ
Сһ㶼ְҲãҲãҾʹû̹𴲡
ҴҴ˵㶫ܵմҩҩԡѳÿĹΣʹմ粻ڣҲҰҩãʱá
һĵҩڿ䳡ͺҩԡȥ֪ΪʲᣬЦգܾЩģ첢ǳܰɣӦòΡ
òװ˰ʱæҩף·Ǳһܹȥ

ϲ˳ȥˣժ¥ҶɽׯϣΪҡ

û뵽ܵȹ䴦ʱӭ߹һˣû񣬲ƫеһͷײĻ
˭
ײʹĶͷȥǱܵùĿĽԶҡȣЦЦվҵǰ


48

Сɣˣû뵽ҲôңȻͶͱ
һ뵽˺Ҳ㱻ҵŭ͵سݺݵسʵô
ժ¥Ҷɽׯֻһǽ֮ȴأСǺС֮⣬ҴûĽݸ
ĽԶЦݷö磬Ҳո֣˳㿴㻹ûС
ԭˡ
ĽԶЦ˼ض˵СɣǸֵĺӣôٶ򣬲˭϶һǲһ£ֻĵˡ
㵱ȻϣƺңҵôӲƫƫˡҲŻ
˵Ҳ֣ǰЩĽԶģɱǮһĻһֱô˵ĶʣܴżֹЦҲҸе־壬˫ԶŶǸ޵׵̶Ƕ࿴һۣбȥĿܡ
Դұİʱ̬ǿҾ;Ҳûʲôµġ

ĽԶҵŭӣҵĻǽüһЩ㵵Ц
СɣСڻ֪˭ں㣿
˭ɱڣ
ҵĻĽԶЦøˣҡžĺҡҡͷ㻹ǴϲôôɣҶ绤㣬ƶʱ֮ûжˣ˵㵹б£һʮһС˶ͰҶ磬Ūߵ˵ҶĴҶɲ磬Ƿ³߹˵ˣɵõģС̷һᷳ㣬һ߿
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һĽԶȻӣҶʹﵽ˼㣬ʤݺҵǼ¡
֪ͲôϹˣˣһ춼Ҫùġ
ĽԶٿسסҵͻȻϬҵĸ첲ץס߬
ʹ
ͻȻе㺦£һʱ֮ŭΧһ˶ûУ˭֪ô
Сɣ㻹еҵģп־壬Һܿġ
߬Ҹ첲־˿סҵıĿֱϤа棬ĽԶ֣ЦСɣ㻹ûûΣô˵ǰҲΪΪأû뵽ûϣΪ跹˼ġ

ǹɱ˵ɢҿᴭ
ΪҲ跹˼
⻰ҿɲ̫ţĽԶо仰˵ˣһЩûûΡ
һ˸ʱЩ⣬֮ĺĵĸо
ⲻܹ˭իĵıŻͣÿӫѩ죬죬壬ŻСС棬ôæпӵ¡
ڱĽԶôһ˵ͷ룬Լú顣

Сɷǣƺ۸˶ûʲôýϰҲͲ֪˻
ôͻȻϰ壿
ЩĪı飬ĽԶƵصϰǰǰ£·֪˾ƷڵأԴײ·Եϣôһغˡ
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ôԾҪģ㲻ǻڹŹתһȦ𣿡ĽԶµʼ磬ȻĿ¶ϡ
ʱһεϮһһ
ĽԶȴǰסҵ˫磬˫׵˫ͫңҧгݵĻô˳˫³
Сɣһ⻹ʲôһ׳գȴһźԻ˵İɣСҴģԣҵģ
Ųǡ
㻹ǿ죿ϴ㲻һûǾָһŤϣٰ֫Ȼ˷Žɹ̫ʱҿ᲻Ľк㲻йҵҪĹֶܼáСɣ㲻ôõҶò˶þͻᷳ㣬ʱ㣬һ˵ˡ
ųаЦݵҺý˫ҿеϵŶôǿҵԹҶø֪лᣬˣһôġ

ĹӣҶ𻰣һʲô
ӫѩһҼæܵߣץסĸ첲
ĽԶЦָֻǰǸںӣؿңЦСɣûϢŮȹʲô
ӫѩޱػؾĹӣժ¥ĽݸЩִ磡
ĽԶһ䣬ӫѩֻǳҵСɣס˵Ļ
һ˵תԹﳤȥҺӫѩ

Сɣû°ɣ
ӫѩеĿ⣬Եҡҡͷ
ĽԶ˵öԣĺûϢǼ仰ΪʲôҪô
ʵͲˣµ˵µǷ
ĺܿͻңȻһ߿ʱǲǾĽԶڲˣ

Ҳɫӫѩˣĺҵְο˵Сɣ㲻£ĹֻŻ㣬ûʲôµģղŶӿԳ˴鷳Բĸ
ԭӫѩĳֲżȻΪӹҡ
뵽ҵı㽥

СɣҪҪȥǰСҲء
ҡҡͷ
Щ´Ӻǣܲǲúá
ҲãһҲϲȥԺתתմ綼Ǳߡ
ð

ӫѩԺȥܲɣǲŴȣͼһ˳Щңջų죬ŭݣԭһ̱󣬴ӺСȴߡ 


49

ӫѩæҹ¸ֻ˵˾ɣǲվͷһߡ
ӫѩҵ־ˣȥȡҡ
ӫѩһۣǡ
ӫѩᣬߵߣ˵̧ͷ
Ļдһ˿ǿӲҲ̧ͷȴ΢΢ЦСɣ󣬾Ȼû
⻰е㲻ԾæմūžȻģҽø
û¾ͺãСɣһοҪСˣÿζ˻㡣
˵ֺȴûɵظеһ䣬æ˵ͷ

־ûϡӴҴ߹ỹӫѩ
ŶһЦҲҷŵطˣ磬ҪǿǵͻҰ
ǣʩһ
뿪ᣬǲӫѩȻʵղ˵Щʲ᣿
ȻһֱӣɵǰʱȴֽŵҪͰ͵صֻʺһ䡣
ղǻӦʺɣ
ӵ˵ͷû˵ʲᣬת鷿ȥæᣬʵӫѩ˵ӺСҲˣûǣ
ȻȥˣҪСǣһͷ˽
òáҡͷ
ĽԶŵǷҵе䣬ӸӺմǴþˣԽԽԼݡ

鷿Ҽ£ƺҪдæһߣ̨ڿʼĥī
ӽֽ̯ʼӱ飬ҿ֣أҳţĥīᣬԹԱź
һߣ͵͵ӣӲ濴ȥӵĽëóüбޣ촽΢΢߻һ˿Цݡ
ʵӺӳú񣬲ͬӵˣӸ嵭ŵȣ뷲һ㣬һ˿׵Ļ֮
ӣҺȻһ龰ʱҲʼͣ

СɣСɡ
Ŷ͵ػعֶҡ
㲡ɫ졣
һæҡҡͷû£Һܺãܺá
ӫѩ˵Ķûԡ

˭ڣҺ˼룬Եĵ鶼ûС
ҵͷصû£ûθΪС
º͵ЦЦСܿɰСһ
ҵĶͷһæһ˹ȥ
ֻǿӵľҪǱҵĲ֪᲻ĳ
ҲֱӶӣ漴ͷֺεͣڿУһŵĿЦҵͻȻúܡ
˼ҲǹҪģֻǱܷӦ´Σ´һ㡭

һΣΪ֮ļҺͶȻǰͬߣٰӵڻˡ
ҼǵǰҲĽԶʹӵһȥ̵ģβ˵Ҳڶǰ˵ЩʲɣʵС˺˯һԭͲϹأֻºͣʹҲ˵ٲʶĻǾ̫޴ˡ
ǣһǰ춹˵ҵѾȫˣٺͬܲȥ˯
⻰ɫٿ˺þòʣҵĴ𣿡
ıе㺦£æ͵ûУûУбҲûء
ûȥ̾˿ˣ㰮ɣľͺá
ллӡ

ӰӫѩԸΪðһСҶ˯ҿӫѩ⻰ᣬһȵĿҡ
ʵֻҪ̾ͺãһҪų͵ۿɫҾû˵ʲᣬ֪ΪҺá
ʵ˯һʱ嶯ģСϾˣȻӫѩΪ̵ޱ൱ʵ˯һ㶼ҲӲӲģӵţȻҲӲӲģȴҺܰģǿû῿˰ɣ

𣬶ϾͻúˣҾֻбСڱСߣ֪ԼǵöӲ죬ʵҲܲģÿŵ۵ζҶ
һҸƽʱһһ˯ڷ֪ε˶ӣƽ΢Цңұڻĸңǳ§һ𣬿Ҳûĸо෴ȫȵա
ҵһοӵ壬ΪҷԡǶǽͿǰԵʣֻܸоҽ§ס鷿һָҵĿذĴҵĴǼζҸе𶥵ԽԽȣ춣һɼ˳Ҵоѡ
еȼʪһƬæϵƣڿȫǰǵҺ壬Ҳ֪ʲᣬǲܱ˿ģҺöӻûлæҴһڿ㣬Ϩ£ŵҪ
۾ҲϻŵξҴûģҼٽͬ磬ֱҵ۾ôĺ˯⡣

һܵմҩȥû뵽ӾȻҲΣҼ̧ͷȥԥҪҪ˵
Ƕȿ˿ڡСɺٻ𴲰佻ǲʲ£
º͵ĻҲմ˵һҩԡ¡մ磬ɲ԰һһεҩԡΪһΡ
ʲ᣿˵һ飡
մһŵҰĻȫ˻ȥ
Ӳõɨһ۵Сˡ
մ粻ӣµСɣһµҩԡᱳ˺۶ӦȫȥˣûҪݣұͣأû뵽Ȼ񫣬׼һΣ
ǰұϻкöС˺أȫȫ
ǰǶӰҼ˿ڵģԴǼε·ᣬûˣڶԼͭᱳû˺Ҳҩԡֻ޺



Ǹֲпİ壬ӾȵȥСɽҲȥϣڸǸͬ롣

 50

մ統ȻҵĽͣߺߵصСɣǰҩԡ𣿻˵ʲᱳ̶ںͻȻˣҩԡβģǸõģ֪ҵҩжһӵĹǮҲ𼸴ҩԡҩ

֪Щҩһܹ󣬿û뵽ף͵ۿԵĶӣᱳǷҵȷںںӵĿ֪ϲЩ˺ۣҾҪͳͳȥû뵽ҩԡΪûǰҩļǮ
Ǿ͡˰ɡ
ӵҪ˵ڵĻСɼȻϲҩԡݰɣЩҩֲ𡣡
մ翴ӣֿңһʧܡ
ҵĶӣССףҲЩҩǹ⣬ЩҩǻǮҲ󵽵ƷȻСɶûˣαػҪ˷ҩģ㲻ǶаСɼᱳû˰㻹
ҿеεؿһۣ˵һ϶ŵͬʱ
ȳȥˡ
ʼٸ߷ɿر˳ȥ

ӵ£һֵֹġ
佻ֵؿĽݾһЦ
Ҳ֪治֪ϱǲǷ⺢ʲᣬСҾͷŲء
佻ؿĽݾһۡ
һǧҪݵ̫Ӻüޣ̽ҲвٻҶɽׯأ㲻ܰ¶Ƹ짷磬Լһ绨ѩ¡
Ľݾڶͷḧ˸ɱ⣬ȪսʮΪʲᶼڰﲻ֣
ǲ鲻ᶯ֣
ĽݾЦ֪Ͳ鷳ˣ¹ȥᣬ˵ʲҲҪѶϡ
ֻ¶ԷΪڻʹأʧһαԣһλ˴ֻ̿ͣ¶ⶫйء
үǱأ
ϴαֻˣΪбٳ𣿡
գĽݾվ΢΢ЦĻҲٷ绨ѩˣȥ£짷滻

ϣҸСڷ˺ܾҲӻ˵ֲˡ
ʵӶһǰһãҩԡҪҲҲľͰӦֻЦȻǰºͣȴ䵭˺ܶ࣬ңҵ۹е׷ӰҵȥҲеŵЦݡ
ĸоʹǰϲ¸ʱҲйǲ˵ϲ˶ӣ
ͻȻС࣬һԸҽķСҲ֪æʲᣬѾþûˡ
һڴͷ۾ʼɬ῿ڴͷ硣

ڰиои߽ҵĴͷͻȻ
ӡ
ϲشУֵȴĽԶ䳰Цݡ
̽ҵǰҶñ˵Сɣˣǵ˵ĻҪָͷһ۶ϣҪ㲻ϵ˻п޺
Ҫ
Ҵ㿪ĽԶĹ˿ãֻؿǰקסҵֺ֣ñִ̹ǵҾֵؿץסҵһָͷЦȥ
Ҫ
СɣСɣѡ
ϤҴнѣ͵ۣԼбڶӵĻһؿҡ
ԭΡ
ҴϢȫ亹æ̯ƣʮָˣȷԼΡ
һصȥ
ղŵ̫ʵˣֱҵԺﻹظĽԶĮЦݣҺһңͰ߸ȴҵľˡ
Сɣûˣûˡ
ӽ§ڻҵļͷοңϤΪԼٲİˡ
̰ؿڶӻұĽƽȴ᲻뿪Ļһֱ
ӣ᲻Ҫ͸ĹӺҵָһŤϣɮYˣҺ¡
СɣΰģСֱģȻΣҴϢɡ
š
ůĻҲ뿪ˣڶӵĻұĴϣҵһ쵽˲ϣΪӵǸΣ̲ס˫ֻסӣԼøһЩҸеӵ֮΢΢Ӳһ¡
ӣС˵˯󴲡
뵽Ҫֿ˯ңҪһ˯ҲңҾ;ԼĺԣҵͷСС˵ȴӵЦ
ðСɾ͸Сһ˯󴲺ˡ
ǲһֱ˯ڶӻˣ
ԭöණʧȥ˲žжҪСɣһҪʧȥˡ


51

ڶҵСޱͱȫߣӫѩһĳЦҸطȥ
ȥҲӷĹӺƢ
ӫѩĿ̶ֲȽС࣬ҴǻֻԴ䡣
һСɵϽʲᾢ
ĻȻ˳ӫѩעת˹ȥ
硭
ףҪҪе塣
߷ߵصӫѩΪʲ˵Ǹ⣬˵

ȴߵҸǰɫСɣҶɽׯժ¥̫ƽĽкö鷳Ҫƽʱںӣʵ˭ۣģҪϸң֪𣿡
ʶû֣صĸ˵ұѵͻȻѹСʵְ̫ˣ඼֪
Բ𡭡
˵еúܣ컹Ϸ԰Сءӫѩһ䡣
֪ӫѩѹŹ˵ģ˵öԣҪһ㣬ϸҡ

ҲǵҹŻһϾһСɣˣ㻹û˯
˯
ߵǰһҵСӣЦӫѩ˵Сɽܹԡ
æͷÿ춼ܹԵġ
ӽˣɵϣƽʱһչȥѹϣ˻ĳ˿
ӣĸ첲ˣ
ҿӸղ·ʱе㽩Ӳʱû⣬ѵǡ
ӳЦЦһˡ
Ҳţæǰḧۣ˺üɴһ򵥰ɡֻ˿ڣ۵úҳӣǲҪɱ㣿
һº͵һ˭˵Щʲ᣿
˭Ҳû˵Ҳµģ֪ǽлȪսɱʲģǶһɱ֣ӣҺú¡
ǲᶯСɵģСɲ¡
ҲǵԼǻ˺ӡ˵ӵĻס޵֪ǶҲҪҪúûء
еֻĴҵᱳЦҲģˣ˭СɵȻҲǺǵģֻǸ⣬Сɣٿȥһһ۵ģСıӫѩЦŶ
˼ģ𻹿ЦҲ˵죬ȴ

ӱƽ£ѹʹӵֱۣæƿʵӣ˭㣿
ڰжĬһʮ
ʮ

ʮ
ʮɱһˣǧﲻС
ЩС˵ģû˿Ľ߹ʮæʵӣһ߹ʮǰɣǸɱأǲɱ
ҲʮɱĶֻжֻǽ˽ֶѣṦܺãˡ
ֱҪ涯

ӡУӵ书ӦǺܸߵģȻʮĽ¡
ѵЩɱ
ӣǺˣΪʲǶҪɱ㣿
ֻɱ֣ɱֵûк˻˵ġֽСɣҪˣҴӦ㣬һµģ
š
ҵȻŶһ£һﰵһ

СɣСүСڣˣ㻹Ҫã
ҹڣӫѩʮ߱ظͬĻ
Ҳֻϰе
ĳ飬ӫѩСеģʲɶˡ

һ磬Ҿӫѩѯʾ飬붼˵Ƿ£ȻȥݷˣҪǰ֪ΪһһʱĻƴ
ӫѩֻʱΧ¿ʼɢÿתһȦǷ÷ڵòȥתȦֱתڶʮȦ֮ᣬ˷
ڻؼҵ·ϣӫѩһûڵظңⱲӾԾԲٴȥȻͱˣ֪ӫѩˣϾת϶ʮȦġ
ӫѩһӵԹûȥصժ¥ᣬҾһܵԺСͤϿ羰
ǴůļˣͤϴǼ£и˵˾͸ˣСС񶼰һ˭ҡ
ǰһˣƺ죬ȴ־ѹȥ˺ܾúܾá

緹ʱӲûлǰҺӫѩˣЩʧұѻӵء
극ӫѩʵǸӫѩǵׯǲժ¥ܽ
ǰ͸һ֡ףСɣʲ᣿
Ҳ˼ЦЦӫѩҵĲˣµҲã뵽ׯǱ߰æء
æ廨𣿡
ӫѩһĲмֻø͡ҵȻ廨һЩֻǿҲʶ
ʵҲãڶҲãҶӵĶ䣬ģҲȥһ쵽ǳԸ˯Ǻʲ
ΪӫѩֻЦңû뵽ҵĻ֮ᣬͷ˼ 


52

ӫѩ
ҿҲǣСһСڼµҲãȥׯСɣҪҪһȥԱ߲һ䡣
ðð
һ˵ȥׯæͷȴӫѩԴһƣȻ˵𣿹ӻ᲻
ȥׯתת佻ҲǱߣµġ
һ˵ӫѩͷӦ

磬̫ˣûҲ˧
˷ܵظժ¥

֪ǲ߶ԵʣԳ֮ᣬһֱקסҵҺУͷһֱʵ磬ȥҹС𣿡
ӹһ˿ãʲ᣿
ĿС˲ɣ
֪ϲСģΪʲ㲻ȥ˵أ
ЩҥǴģٺ˵С죡
ҷ˸ۣϣЩϲĻԼ׿˵

磬СǸȻЩ̱ĳܺõģ㵱ԼʱŻ㡭
죡
һŵ̹ԹԱ졣
װˣģףˡ
ұ첻˵Ҳûٳ˾Ĭׯׯǰ̾˿

磬Ԩ㣬˶ⳤ̾ʲã
ףԨʲ˼ͻȻ뵽ʣ
ֻһ̾ͱׯϷǿ˹ȥ

ɰ
ͷշһ̾;һѱׯ

ׯȥҪժ¥ö߽࣬ȥʯ̳ɵĿͥԺм߸¥ָ¥ҡר֯ĴǽĹ̨ұ˷佻Ӧþ
ǵǲǺܶأ
֪⣬籨֮һЦƶø꣬ҲҪõƷʹԺĺö֯Ҳժ¥ʹȥġ
Ŷ
û뵽ӾȻⶼ˻ʹԺȥҲԴʼʱ˧˧ӡ
ⷢˣĽֲڣҪݾ͵ǰȥ粻ɷ˵߽ұ߸¥˷
մڹ̨ǰ̧̣ۿǽЦӴСɣܵ
Ҵģ⺢ӳ˵̫ƣ뵽
짷磬Ҳ
ʲᣬСǸˣֲǹСȸ
Ǳģһ˺תתȥ¹
ǽǸߴ쾮ʹʹĳϷֱֱͬ꣬մǰĹ̨Ҳߣ̨ܵ棬մԵһã㿪ʼ㷭̨ϵһ˱ϧдһֶ

㿴ˣɻڼˣܹġմԱ˵
˵أæ̧ͷ˵µģմ磬ʲ¾Ͷˡ
㣿ЩҶһˣΪأҪС𣿡

֪Ҳʶ֣⻰ڼҾ죬ҿ԰˱
մҪ˵ֻһ˼ҴҴ߽չӣӣݼ
մһۣմò裬Ͼ͹ȥ
ȥᣬմͷ˵СɣҸȥͣܡ
ޡҽζط˱ͷҲ̧һ䡣
˱ȫŵǸ򿪵Ĺȥһѵĸ͹
ð
ֻҪлɾУҰڹϵ˱ϺãȻһŻĳЩ˱أ˺üأŰȫŻԭ
ʱ˽ʢˮĵ̰ڵϣЦеصүõġ
һæ˵СɾͺˣֻǸСˣү
ҪҪãүáЦ˵ϲ裬˵ǰ
ŵ˼
죬µģֲܵģһ뷢߰׵˼źң
˫ְѲӹȥлȻ˵Ĺܼ𣿡
ǵģү
һԻػζģǵһû֯أܴܲȥ
ȥ巻תתܱﱻźĺã˵һ԰ʲæ֪£һҹԵġ

õġ
õұ˳˿ģ˷ǰˣϰ

쵽д巻ŵǽϹһ޴ｭɽͼһɽһˮúϸ£Ҽǵö鷿Ҳͬһͼ˵Ƕǳׯˡ
ųŮǷǰͷͣȫƺע֯ϣȫûע⵽ǵĵ

ۣ巻ô󰡡
Щ࣬һ˰ɣ廹ǹӦ£ǶĿ
æһƣ˵Ǽƽ͵£ɲðϲﳳ֡
ͷСʵ巻ȫ𣿡
ֻǴĵطׯԶмҳӣǱҲһЩƷ֯壬үҪϲǾһȥ
ðð
˵һǰһٻļĵѾ˴µϵˮ龧Өƺʱȥһ㡣
氡һء
𾢣ͻȻС˵үȥȥ￴
š
һ˴Ҵ뿪ұְƵǷƷϣ۾Ŀ

巻߿ߣתһȦҲ̧ͷ¥ϵķ䣬Щʲõģŵȥ˵ԴģǻǶӲˡ 



53-54

ߵ¥֪ǻ͵ĵطΪմ
үʵǲ˼ΪЩƷҪͽүµ֯廹Ҫٵϼ죬үʹãү
ղ˵ʲݼģմ˿ں˵
Һ𣬿Եһȴǰ뿪ģߣ͵͵̽ͷȥֻжһλԼʮӣһǷķüйѱƣȲǳˡ
±ֻ֣͵͵һۣͷٿǵĶԻǼҵĶ
ֻһϵȻǵۿͣû˵һǰ͹ˣû뵽ãׯŸոտʼ֯壬չӣ㲻ҪҾҲҪĸ°ɣ
үʵڱǸʱ𸮵ĹܼʱǾѾ˵ҲҪ֮ϣѾڸϹˡ
չӣ˼˵ǿˣ
ҡ
ҿĽݾûүɣڻǺúܣҲҪ˾Լݣ
˵ӵĻأһү˵᲻ҲҪиᵽɣүʲϵ
ӿڵүժ¥κο˶һͬʣҶүа㲻֮ģ֯ǱصϹүʹá
ˣ

𾢣Ȼͷһ£һعͷҰڰ֣Ȼ¥
үܵȥ?λƢǱңҪǷ͵һġ
ѾڴˣƷϲʲ˰ΪʲմǶҪģ
ǻϵ׸磬Ϊһģү㲻ȥ̿ʹȥɡ
ǺȥģҶæﻹ˼ң˵Ҳȥˣҿһǻժ¥ˣͷմ˵һ
ɸͷүȥ
ãһֵ·Լȥˡ

ǳժ¥ȥ˭֪չչһ֣һӭ˹žΥҵͻȻһ͡
ӣ
ժ¥ÿңڵģҺ뵽ӣû뵽ڴȻʱҲңĿٿȻһǷһ˿΢Ц
ҺٿЦʵЦúܺÿֻտȥǰһЩüҲЩ㲡

Сɣ
һͼӿ첽˹붼תȾܣҪǱץס֪᲻ִһ٣СǿɼܲסĴ
СɣСɡ
ǻԽҾܵԽ죬ҺСȺﴩȥܿͰ˦˿
ҹսһƧСͷû׷˿ 
ӵ㲣֪ǲò˳ԵʣȻҲ㱻ǸʧǵӣһЩۡ
ǵóϦǣҵֻؼҵĴֺƣǵһʱҽڻļʵţΪϧͰȴԭǶʩᡣ
Щᣬգգ۾ס˽Ҫµˮ

ӵżͻȻòתĬĬ뿪С˭֪˼;ǰ͵һڣһҵͷ£֪˺£
ȡ
ԱһʹҲ˻ԡ

Ϻȣƺ沿ϵĴֻʹҺ㿪ϧȫһûУֻҶߵЦ
һûϳ˰ɣʱ򻹻˭㣬ں㣿ҸҾҪǣģǶԹ磡
ᴫȴ͸Ƣĺ⣬˭ң޵õҪỹҪɢᵹù
죬ģһʱ֮侹벻ˣ˭˭
񷽲ˣоֻ̧ҵͷЩζˮҵֻ˯˹ȥ

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һƬ谵һʱߵľִֻĵطЩӲݣһʪ֮
ãȻؿ˰죬ſԼһܴΧкö˷ɢڸÿ˶ľȻ俴ңڿһֻҵ񻬹ǣǵΧɵĴϡ
׷ʲ£ᱻһĵط

ҵͷʼʹҼǵԼΪӶܽһСͱ鲼סȻиϤҶһֱͣЦͣЦ
ǣᵽ
ҲڣһĵĲˣҪȥҲҪ
͵˵դǰҡеҲץˣҳȥҳȥ

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ҾֵסӣþгǸûãҵĺ˿Ѱʹ˵ÿҾʹѵ
ǰʵҹ˲úʹֿʼУҳȥҳȥ
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ˣɤӸŪˣʹҲܷ
Ļ͵ػعͷ˵ǸµˣֽŶͣǽߣ֧ҡ
ĵ̣˰̽ϷӶͷһֱ쵽޽ǣʹͺֿܴԵɲҷɢڼϣһ˫۾ڻ谵͵·ҰްĵĹâ

ᣡܣҲܻƵģҪӣҪ
һʧŷηö˶ͽͣЩϻһĴ¡
Ҽæ˵ߣקס䣬ƴƣϣܸʲطҵɤΪϷٵñͻհĺӾʹѰ
˲ͷ˦ңЦǲ֪
ڿͷЦһǳѺңǶӦ˭İɣ
ˣׯƢǸүʲ᣿

ĻżϽҵͷӵʹƴŤԼɤӣ뷢ǳɤԽԽʹ֮⣬ûκα仯ҲظͬĶֱ
ñưͣԶ˵
һˤڵأȴ˰ͷ𣬿ηǽϷһС촰þò˵֪ʲط𣿡
̱ڸɲϣȥش𣬳֮⣬κҶûȤ֪
ԴǳԵԣᷳҰޣǾҰΧˣ˱ҪȤˣԵıܣеĿ־壬ɺǰģЩֳĸҪҰ޶ö࣬Իʲܸ˷ܵģ
ƽƽĵȴҳԾ̧ͷ̹֮Ȼˡ
ֻΪޣҪ˵ΧѵЩ˵˵Ұ޻
ҵľȣǽϣһ󣡣Ĵ˸ǷҲǷɣֻҪбܳΧ֮⣬ӳˡ
ҲҪҪȥҳȥ
һĽͻȻͷֻһһݵӷ˵ǰкͷײѪ˳Ķǰ£֪Ƶģ˻ߵؽкֹ
㿴Ҳһ֪˭Īı˽㻹ǵùóҲͰˣȻ˶ֹؽ


Ҳ֪Լ㲻Ϻÿǲġ
һĪĵ״Ҳ˫գҵ־ͶԽԽ
ģⲻģ
Բ̣״綷ҵģÿһ£Ƥͻ֮ȥľľûκθоƤӣ촽ͳһţֲøղܾÿ嶫ԭ
⸱ģҪ˵˲ϵң¾ԼҲʶԼ˭ݶŪֳ֮ᣬӵ
Ժ̸аס
ĽԶ
һеڶóն£ҲΪʲң޵ĵҵĻǶŹ
ſڸɲϣһƬңǸޣ˺ѵĿ޺ϵһжġ

֪˶ãһŲ˽ͬʱηе˶˷ܵ˵ſڣſڲݶ϶ûǰһš
ˣԱ˲ܣ㲻ԣһľ㣡
ҶѾˣܳȥû˻ʶңҲû˻ټǵҡ
ͷһŵӱǰ˳
ҲЦˣҪҪӣʶҡ
͵˵ſڣһʳҲʲᶫƴ
˵ûܲпܻһûأΪʲҪϣҪӣ˵ʲᶼҪ
ҲǶӶ˵ԵʣǶٷԵú㣬ܺ۵һǼֳͷеĲ˶Եһʣ̻ʵļƣǸ˵Щ档
СС壬ͦܳԵ

극ڵԱĻȻڣⱾΪĻû뵽һϣߣҾֶ˼ģ˿ҵֻһ뷨Ҫӳȥ

ÿһһҾ֪ǹһ죬ļһ죬η˳ʪ⣬ûܵĵطһ͵ʳǷʢĲˣһָ˵ƵĲȣԵĺãӲǿ׳ܣԵɱƴǿܱܵһ伴Ҫгɾ͸еöࡣ
һָǸˣڸֵʱ򣬻ҿֻûСֵָԴ˵ǰǽһ֪ɱ˶ˣβ˵⻰ʱЩ˸Ҹеʵлû˵
ģұȻһָη£ԭ˴Ǹһǳ˽ǴӸôƵΪιģ˵ϾһҳסȸҪõö࣬ԴȻҲܴ̹֮Ȼ
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55-57


η˼죬ҵɤѾˣԾ޷˵ʲ޴ӵ֪ΪҸȥѾϰ綷ĸоͶĲѽʧ
磬Ǹճ緹ȴһ˵ЦǰȻһ˹֮ߵηǰ
㿴εÿ㶼ǴҴҴȥģһؿһҪúһ
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Ҷڶһָ͵͵ȥֳ˳⣬ĽݴӾȻҲڣΪ˾Ȼ£Ķŵ˵ҲѪȵ¸ȤӺͳһ𵹲ϡ棬٣Ȼϲġ
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ȴЦʵүһȺϻԱ߻ֻСӣ
ȻǸǿﶼУԲŻȤ
˵Ҳǣүܵ

ҲУͻȻҵĳ嶯ֱȴҽ졣
ŶҪ˵Ӳʶңϵó˭Ҳδػȣ侮ʯҲ˵
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ӳɵӻǱ߶ý֮»ǲҪ̫úãΪԵ´ǾͲýˡ
ʲ᣿Щֻǻѣʲ⣿һأҪǵҲˡ
үԡ
Ӳһ仰ó죬غһת˳ȥǵ뿪ʱ

үˣԵӲ졣
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ҲãҲãھӳȥʧãһĲˡ

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Ǳ⣬ʶ۾ȴ±ʯӰסһˤ˳ȥ̾ǰ䴦һû𣿡
ұӣΪҪæһӣ˭֪һ͵͵ڶ˵ܣĪͷ
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תͷȥ뿴ȴӵסҵߣǸ˵粻֪˵˺δ
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ڰңֻҪĻȥҾһͿܳȥ

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һȣǶʱһɢɱȥҼղ˸ҽĻ̫ķܳȥҺ峿Ū嶫λá

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УҲҪӿٶȣ
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ʱŪ˽ŸɱʲҲסƣ֪Ƿټȥ

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һ֧ҵȲԶԶǰĲݵϡ
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Ҿ֪ĽԶᰲʲģԭè׽Ϸҿܽ˲ݴ졣

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ֵҳ˳Ƶ֢״⣬㿴ȥһ¶ûУҲŲҿ϶ǲĳªˣҪҪԷܲܳԣ
ҪҪҪ
˼ͷӳ֮ƷǾΥζȡ

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׵Բ̣Ƥ˽״۾һ죬촽ⷭţֻһۣͽͭӵ˵ϣĻĹͷһ

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ӣԺûٴ˰ɡ

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ϸ룬ӫѩѿ첽ǰһѽҵĶʲ˭
ӫѩȻʧɫӺʧУҵԽ
Ϊϳңڲϳ񿴹һңҲҪ˵ҸҪҲҡ
붼룬ҽӫѩԱһƣǶұ˳ȥֻӫѩ󲻶ϽеС³ӣ㵽״ˣǲǽСɣ

ˣܳȥ˵
ժ¥ĵ·Ϥˣôһ·˳ȥֱܳժ¥ԶҲ뵽ʵǲܵģӫѩղֻǴҵϲİɣֻҪҲϣû˻֪Сɡ
ˣܶܳˣҲûãҰѶ´ϣʼĿĵǰţһֱߵʹ߲Ϊֹ



ɱ 59


ǵĴϱ˸ֳƵСؤ
ҸСлѧǮ˼ҵſڶ֣ˣͻʩtͷңҾܵƾɵĳҹۼ˺öлӣڲ֪ҪҲŵȵģֳƵľֻܶſڣҪЩʳؤûȤ
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ͻȻһɱת˲㵽˳ڣͷµ˷
ӡ
ǵĶѹúܵͣһǿǶ°ӣȻûзֶңֱӷɱ˽ȥ
N£㲻˵鵽С⸽𣿡
ǰɳȥ˵ģиֲ˵ĺ⼸һֱڸ֡
ιҪҪѻ˵Nֱӣ֪ԼֳƣҲN׵˵ɣ
ҲСɣҪ֮ǰҵ
ûӣӶңN³ǸֳƵĺӾң
⻰ʲN˼ΪʲNҪȶ֮ǰҵң
񣬿ȴҸе

ֻǸؤʵûпһֳֵƵĺӣ˭֪ЩǮǵġ
һͭص˽еиСưͣղŻأ´߲꣬Զ
⻰ҲԥУûҾӵĺУȻЩԥ漴ܿ϶ؽеСɣСɣ
Ҳǰܣֻƹ˲㵽ҵߡ
Сɣ
ӷԾҵǰҵĶұڵأУҿӾϲĿ⣬ǰסҵĸ첲СɣȻ㣡
ҶˣΪʲNÿ˻׾ٵذϳҡͷԼСɡ
ȴɷ˵ߵԵһҶɽׯٲ߿

ҲŲҪȥ
ѿ˼סʾԼԸȥ
ԭϲЩȻҿЦСɣ㻹Թ𣿡
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ӦûаɣʼЩģûԹޣ
ǡСɣһȥ˹ȥĲģǴͷ𣿡
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ҽ䱸ıӱ㲵ϻһ˿˸УʵСɣ𣿡
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ŶһĽк۾ֻУǸѴˤڵϢüһѪE̱㱻øɸɾ䣬סҵĺ󷽡
˭
һعͷȥһĺУϵĳбڵأһľľ˰Ұס
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ŵ㵽ӵȴֱ΢һѪ˳们
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ǱɱХȫһȻһľȻסҵĿȴϤ
Ҽǵˣ
ûг룬Ϊսѽɺ磬ֱüġ
ͻȻӰһƺһ

Ҫ
͵سǰսҪɱĶңҲΪ


żҲҪʹһ£׻˵ûѹûжиСתתӾΣ~~~



60

Сɣ
ӾŵĽͬʱҼһͱ˾סͷⶪ˳ȥղסţˤͷֱˤͷǡ
ʹ
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Уһߵİ˳Ӻս֮䣬һսˣѸǣһǳɣѸܵԷ䣵ɱսԵþɲ
ɱ⣡

ɱ⣿Ǹ˵ͽߵɱ֣
߽ɱڵʵʵЩؿ棬͵һϤ
սһŵľѹƽǺˣðɱ⣿
ɱⲻȴͷƫӣȵ뿪
һ䣬ĳٿֱսһʯ䣬ս˼ʧɱ⣡
ɱԵ治ȪսҲˡ

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ɫ԰ףսһؿ紦ƺֹһһֱָסǰʹѽ
Сɣ
ֽǰǣס֣ȴ֪ߡ
ӴȡұȥҲҶֻ˫ֽס
ʼʱӻȣıܣӽҡᾹ˿ҵᱳﾪţæ֣С
죬˭Ⱦңֻһľ飬ǴαεҪ㣬ŲҲ

ק֣Ȼٶȸӵȴһᵹȥ
Ҫ
鼱֮æȥקӵ֣ʧȥƽ⣬Ҳϵǰ̱һǣǵùǼͷ˿ھûϹ

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ֽĳҡҡͷСɣû¡ȿȡ
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սû׷ղſɱĶȻ֪ǸɱΪʲҪǣסսʱǰȫġ
ֻûǸسǣ

ӿͤһߵڵأɫȷŸѿƺֻǿסԼ˿Сɣңȥժ¥Ҷ硣
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Ϊ˳Զܣ
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¸ɡ
ҡ
ΪʲǰҪɱңңҪǰԥȴͻȻץסҵ䣬ʵСɣ㲻һȥǲΪϲ
õõá
һԶٴսͬæסӵͷסӣȴ˳ֱǰȥ˽еӡ
ӫѩڽйӣѵǶӣ
ɱСͤȴƥѳǰȥۿԽԽԶҼֱţȴκηסǡ

ȥǱսɱ̵ĵطȥΣյġ
ӣӡ
ӡ
һֱĵĽкȻѿڶ
ҿ˵ˣ
ϲƴ
ӣӣӡ
춺ܾò˵ҵЩ˻ƣҴкúʹҲ˲ˣֻ˻ߵش
ǰ汼۵Ŀ˻д͵ͣҿһ˲ͷҷɱ˹
ӣ
ԼĳӣþòЦգ˷ܵĲϻ֣Ȼһ˲䣬ҾͱǸϤůĻ
СɣС㾿ȥ 


61

βסԹԺϲһʱ侹Լܿ˵ֻǲָͤڣʾȥˡ
մӫѩͤͤЩʶӣʧ
մǰסӣִסüӵˣ˭ܽ˳ˣ
ǻȪսǸղű׷ɱΪ˾Ҳ˵ģսڱɱסˣҪǸӲ
þû˵ЩӦλ˵ýͰ͵ġ
ɫһ䣬佻ظ
һûӦͱ𣬱ϣ潫ҽ§ס°ҺͶӹһ𣬸ܵȵºȵͻȻ
ҵһڰĵĸоҺѿӵ§һֳĲ˵ܳҲѶӸɾŪ࣬úýͺһ֣Ҿͻʧһ
մ罫ӷϣһ·ת۱صժ¥

ظᣬӱ˲ȥմҩң򱻶ǣסִһԡ
׼ڵˮԡ裬ԡ裬˸ȫϴȻİůůﲻʪȵǰƲϣҿʼ˯
һжͻȻĸо

һ죬εǣ˻û뵽ǶӣæˮǱǱ
ˮ˺ܾãǲǶӵȵĲͷˣ
ϴһԣǸӵ񶢵Һþæӣ·ͺˡ
˿ûߵ˼ֻȿ˿ڣܲǰ°ɣҲһֱԼų˹ֵ
ɣˮˡ

ӵһ仰̰£Ǻȥҳȥ
һ﷢㶣ӱ·һңȻᾶֱǰҴˮﱧ˳ùëá
ӣԼˡ
æëʼҲã뵽ӱӿ˸⣬ҵϱ㿪ʼһա

ӴӻȡҩҼδļϣָҵļҸеһˤײģѾʼϵļЩѿõˮ裬˿ڴһһۣͿҩ࣬Ҿ˺öࡣ
˿ںҿʱҩҪȫϻûЩʱաҩԡɣ˿ڻõÿЩСɣϻкöˣǲǺۣ
ۣܾˣˡ
ӵĶᣬأǰʱҲҷҩģû뵽գɻΪ£뵽ұһᣬ
ȴصСɣܿˡ
һֱͷҿӵ飬ֱҸеӴ˿ƽεŭ֪㡣

Ҳ̧ͷӣæù·Ҵϣ޵Ļңֲģǰ½ᶼϵá
ҵʧ룬ӷһЦСɡ
ҵÿҽ½һϵã˵ѾˣղŸҽľСɣǸɵӣǵ˭ðˣΪʲỹԸΪҪ
ӰԹĻȴ֪λش
ΪҲ˵ģΣͷƲأ鶼ȥˣ˵ڲǻúõĻ
ֻ̾˿ʵСɣҪȥ
ŶԭӰ⻰Ҳ˵ˣҿʼΪֻ˵˵ѣû뵽ġһҵȻիĵģС꣬մǣҪжӡ
ǣ֪ǲϲ˵ģѾٺƤ£һᡭ
ӻҾûӶһۣʵҺúÿģҲҡ
ѡ𣿡
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Сɣ˰ɣӫѩ׼˷ˣȥԷɡ
ѾһûԶˣ۷Ź⣬ҪҲٺͶӴεĵطæҴҽ´ã첽˳ȥֻ޿κεصһԾʲᶼˣǸء

ӫѩóԣ
ҽһҲȻضӫѩ˵
ǸСȴƳһۣصǶ˶ƶⰮԵëǸĲˣ
仰ˮһͷǰѱ˳˹֣ҲǰǸɰģӫѩʼң˵ˡ
ˣҸղ̫ң˰ƽӣúģҪἸѲֻҪӰߣһƽƽҵøϿƽȥС

Ҹճ극ͱմȥչ˵ӣΪ˵һҪҹȥſϺҩҲֻǺҩѣΪʲһҪڳУ
ҩϤҩ㣬Ӿڴϣƣ룬¶һ˿΢Цͷʾҹȥ
ߵͷû뵽ȴֽҵסߣһ죬ֳȴЩ̣ϾΪҲܵˣҲӣɨӣû취Ҿֻ˴ߡ
ʵҾĽĺΣΪӺմǶڣǣֱǿ֪ǻҡ
͵ۿӣɫƽһߣƺûעң֪ģһʧоӿ
ӿұѾٰҷ

մһ˵ǰһ˿ںҿûҪֻһСҪӣȪսȻ鴫ɱΪʲͻȻ֣־ˣ
һɱ⣬˷æҲ֪ɰɣӽĺ˧ǸҲƯ
˵ʲԭҶǸĪĺøУȻҲɱ˺øС
佻ǳȥɣܺúϢһԴҪ˵Ļ
оеĲãȻ̧ͷȴͷҲص˳ȥմæǰٳʱֻͷ˵һ䡣úչӡ
ҵͷʵҺһߵģղŵҺܲҵֱ߬ӵ޷뿪 


62

˫˫˸תĽ²а̾˿
𼸸ǰʶ֮ʱƺûʲ仯еɵе㽿ЩСִʱԼˮѾ˾ͽģĽ֪˻֮ᣬ֮Ҳܻصǰ
ӵв˱Ľһ磬Ѫ۵͵ԺϢʱѾˣΪӣһƽĴ£һжȴΨ©һԽСɴĨȥȴ޷Ĩȥйǵл䡣
мǵĽԶǰ˼˾˵ֻЩԹʵû뵽Է飬㻹塣
ԭԼ壬ĽԶʱǺСС뵽
ǸӰԼҪĶޱȫ͸Զǵ˫ֿ۾˵õҶ㡣
ԭӵеһһжһ
ϧʵʱ˷ǡ

֪СɻʱĽ¾סϲ뽫ӽӻһ¿ʼȴֲȥѶǾӣȥȡʱȴСɳĽݶ̳ҥԣ֪οԼĶҪˡ
ֻȥɢɢģû뵽ڼⷢСɣ֪Ѳǰ滶ϲط˹ɵ˫ε۾ﲻֻĽʱĻֹסݺݵسʹ֪˺Сɣǵ˺۽ƽ
֪СʧᣬҲԸȥĴѰңһҪڶ֮ǰҵӣץҲţΪˣСɵĸǳ谮򵥣ŪˣڶתһȦᣬǻǻصժ¥
ǲ̫֣춼
СɣԲ𡭡


쿪ʼҾʽ˷ӵСͯӵҪģ˵ĵȻ޻˵
մ˵ǰеƽأժ¥죬Ҳøӵ״̬ʱҩչԼ˵ͬʱҪӣæת˵ط˯ˣǸӼһ涼ѣҲٹ̽ʹҲҴǻ͵ҲһҲǲΪұ˵Եʡ
磬ȥȡ˸Ӽõҩҩչȣ˽еСɣ
Ƕӵæת
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Ӷûи˵˵Цˣ˯˯á
ӡ
Сɣչ˺۰ɣԼ˻ûȫأҪҪ滻㣿
òãҺܺá¶ӵģæҡҡͷҩԡҲи˿ڻҩҵ˲µġ
ЦЦ쵽ǰƽСꡣ
Сꣿ
ǰСɶûС꣬ǲǰˣ
ûء
죬ҲǸûȥ
СɣҪҶɽׯˣأ
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ֲý̽ӵʱӰ֧˳ȥԭ̸ҵ¡

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仰ѿڶȴ˻ȥ⸱ģЩĻС˵һжӵİš
ҪҾҪҾߣҲĵ¡

öûӵĻشǰȴһůӰСҵĻȥܰɡ
ӡ
ǻеĲ죬Ҿ㵵̧ͷȴת뿪ˡ

ǲ˵˻
֪Լܱ˵˵˿ԾΪʲתߣĻᶼң
ûɵػصӵķ䣬ҩ£ȻԼһԴ㶡
Сɣǲʲ²ģ
æҡͷ

մҽúܸӵľ֮ǰ࣬󲿷ʱԵģӲǸ໰ˣҲǰǰ޹˼ɵˣԷǺܾҾúܲ
ӿڴͷעңұЩȻӣڿҸ㵹ɡ
ҲʣСɣ
ߵǰȻ־ͱȥ˵Сɣǰ¸𣿡
ʵûӦ׳ڵھǧſڣȴʼսв
ֻ̾˿ҪǿˣʵʲᶼһСУҲ¸ˡ
ӡ
Ӳӻͳһݵǰ׹СɵģСûȥɡ
˿׹ҵǰڶҵһǵõʱҲ鲻ãóҿĵģѾС꣬ҡҡͷ
ӿЦҪ𡭡СɣϾǹҵġ
ǲǣ룬æСó˵ΪСˣ㿴СĶϻҵأ˵Ͳ˵͵ˡ

ҿ˼ĶСþãȻĿңϸһ㵭į
һüأռǵսĽŵʱǰֵȴСɵЦԭǵͷ֪ʲҪģСɣΪҵ˽ȥǲǣ 



63

ǰģӵԵӰӰ´¡
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¸磬ûй㣬ûУ

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Сɣһȥ𣿡
ҡ
˵һĻشӵľֹס
ҲӣʹԩңһǺݲҲ𣿻ҸͲ
һŵﲻϻһ뵽ӦӣܾҲЦʱҾԥ

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ʲᶼҪ˵СɣԱһɡ
˵۾ٿңƽϲƺʲ¶ûӺƽҲ֪ǲ˯ˣһ仰Ҳ˵ᾲһ

ʱ֣Ӻմһ̽ӣҼɫѿﲻЩ£ûпңֻѯһӵĲ飬Ȼӫѩѷ˶ȴҷ÷
˵ʵǸְܲСˣԴӽĽݸǰ˼ӣź÷Ҳãڱ˫۾ҵ־͸кüζ֭ӵϣӫѩ־ӵǰæù־ҵزŪĵطȴץסҡҡͷʾ򶨡
ҵѾǺˣ̶գһֱյӸ˲õһ뿴˭ȴû̧ͷ


ͷٯٯԣΧȫΪĽݾŭԽԽңҲ޷͵סһת̤˳ȥ
ŭͲʴ˿̳ӯţĽݾضһ֮С
֪ܵ޴󰭣˵̽˵ŲǸС
Сʧٵһ֪ģΪСɣϵİˣ֪СɱڳΧᣬԥľȥˣǲ֪ɵʱʵǹ˲ˡ
ǸСɣѾժ¥ȴܵ³Ļ̾СɣɳеǵȥֱǸ죬иСС˻ڽУӣӣĶʱ
СɣҵСˡ

ǺӲûһضԼϵ˻ûкȫͿʼ߲ϢչܣѵС˵ܱԼҪ
ΪĹģԴǿССģһжԶҪʹ˺СɣСɿҲȻûһ⡣
ǰ𣿰㱻ƭ㱻ȴԹ޻ڡ
С⼸ҹܴͷںȫܣȥ⣬ҪԼĽݾ;ԼһиɵûʲĻµˣû֪ȴϷ֣Լޱȡ

СǰЩٶֻһɣˮץסľһɾǸùĸľȻʱеֵֻҪд󴬾ͻᱻԥ
ǿЦСɣںչȥһ˺õʲᣬ࣬ǿССĿΪ֣ͣ
ΪʲҪɵĽݾݵλֻҪ֣ʲŮ˲ȡαΪһСǸʲطֵԼΪ

佻첽׷Ľݾƺûע⵽ɫԾЦСɻǿɰҿǺСҲ붺
Ľݾ͵ͣ½Ų佻һʱղסţײϣЦǸʲ᣿
ûЦգһƷĻ
佻һʱŴ졣˵ʲ᣿һƷĻڵҲҪŶӵȵ¸¡
ȥҰãͱھˣĽݾһ仰Ȼת˿ȥ
佻Ŵûϣεҡҡͷ
Դ׵˹Ȼ

Թַӷҩ˯ȥұ㽫ǽסҵָһûзӦվ˳ȥ
ظѾˣҲҪƽӣȻڴϺú˯һ⼸һֱڷӣ˯ãҲú۰

͵ӳȥССӰĽ̲סЦһῴ綢סʱһĲúԹῴСɲ뽹С˶ȴͷ˰ɡ
ʵϲǶǸ
֪Сȫʹÿƽ£סģҲҪסˣǡ һ죬˶סأ
ǸӿȥܵȴǿԺʱȴ쳣ĴܵС󣬹ؼʱȴ˵ĵ
Ľ·˽Сɣ˻ģûס
ԭЩЩ˾Ǵˡ

ҰѴ鷿䳡ңͨͨһ飬ɾûӵӰ
ӳȥûɰڵ
һ˺üȦ۵µΧϣڵشϢ
Сɣ
ӫѩӳȶ߹ڸĵ¿ȥЩ
ӫѩ֪þá
ҹʲ᣿Ǳ߲չ𣿡
ӫѩĿЩ죬ҽǹ
ӫѩӫѩˣӵҼæǰסӫѩ
һа԰飬ȻӫѩһָԺϣΧǽǼ᷿
ллӫѩ
ӫѩһ£Ȼһ̵ᱼȥ 



64

ԺǽǱߵ᷿Ȼƣæų˽ȥ
ӡ
ݵ컾µĻסĿڴؿǰһУлϲһ˲仯Ϊ
⽫ϾһӰյ
һʵŮбڶӵĻЦҧһǣŮӳĺڷֱӵĵطͷŮӵ㷢޳ָŮᱳһĵʱĴ
аѵڽǱ˻Ҫʹҵɴ۾ӣǷŭġÿÿ춼ڵΪ˼һ滹͵͵ȴͱŮ˻һ𡭡

ûϵӻͻȻܽǾ㵵Сڻ֮µĽݾʱڵۼĻȫӿﾹûɵ
æǽ˵סȵȥ

û뵽ᱻ˺ȳ⣬ҽҧס´һԲת˳ȥȴҲ̲ס˳۽
ԺͶʶҰ䣬˭֪ΪһŮңΪϲңңԭС֮ʲᶼǣ
ᣬ⣬ܿҲ˳ĳǴҴҴȥģЩңǰ볨¶һĨͭɵţǿҵĿȴˮ
ʲ᣿ﲻ𣿡
ίޣʱӵġ
Ŀģɱסӣǰȥƽ͸㡣
ҴӻͳƽͰ͵Щ˼ԥһ²Űݸӣ㶣ỹǽӵУҲæģߣͲ˺ˡ

ĽݾĵﶼеСС𣿻Ǹ˳ʣµٶ
ǰųڼСĽݾŭĽݾʲˣֱ˶ҪҪ£һ㽫ƽӵĲݴ֮С

ӣ㡭
׶Ϊʲѽӵֵƽӵæסĸ첲صӵƽǺܲģ֪֪ж飿ûҸͻز

ƽֽûйϵ֪һ˶پȥ
Ľݾסֻ˦ʲƽƭ˵ģֻɵϲŻţ

ҲŲɵϣӫѩ˵µķģ
˵ʲ㶼ţɵʲ᣿ֶ̯һǮһ㻨˶ǮģͷܼǮ֧


ǰˣ¹¶ӵҲģҲԼʲᣬǵö᲻ˡ
ȴתһߣ˵ܻҶɽׯСɣҲһȥɡ
ʲ᣿
Լ˿ĻҼǼг
˵ȥɶӾģҴû뵽Ļߡ
˶ˣҲûȥˣң㲻Ҳһ𣿡
ǲǡ
Ҽز֪˵ʲźãӢӣҵ촽˰죬ջѡĬ
Ҳ֪νͣҲ֪ýʲᣬ֪Լ˵ʲӶȥģҹȥϲ᲻ͬ⣬ֵܣңֻǸʮˡ

¹¶ӵ齥תΪƽͣƽ΢ЦָϣСɣģϴǼ£һúôģҪϲҲʱ棬ǲǵ뿪ժ¥ͳԲիĵˣǸɵӡ
Ϊʲ˵ɵҲŲɵΪƽΪɵҵ㰡Ҳ뿪ҲΪʲģֻǣֻһ𡭡
ȥʰһ°ɣոһȥ
͵ӣ³ÿ仰׶ĵʹ
ҿ˵껰㷵߻ط䣬ǰعϣҲ֮һжˡ

ԭһα߿ˣ߿һΪԼڲʵǱʩģ˼ҪջʱҾֱߵ˵
һ㶼ںҲϰߣǲںҾͲҪãҾϣ֮ᣬȴҾ

ɽǱߺܺڣڲݴ˺þãҵűӵƽĶ˼ҸûֻΪÿһ£ڱж޲ɼ
ҽҵƽ߬ߣȹ䴦ӫѩվ
Сɡܵǵؽһ
ûĬĬ˹ȥ
һӦֻһſеĿͻ緢Ѿˣٱ˿Ц


ĽݾڴϣŮһط̣WĽεκ飬ԵЩƣʹֺǰˣɶԷ˿ûлӦ飬ŮЩˣղҲ˷ܵġ
Ľݾ񴩹żֺЦԶȷʵû¸ŮСѽ˼ȫߣ˭˵ԵĽݾֻ֪˿ȴΪ˼
ȥɡ˵һ䡣
ĵЦ̼佩Ľݾ΢˫Ŀ˻ֵһ˾ȥͰɡ
ллүŮ˸ȥȥϡ
Ľݾڴͷ
ȻѾ֣˼ֻĥԼǣסģǸӣ쿴ſɰӡ
СɰСɣ㵽׸ʲƣҾǷŲ㡭

洫ӫѩ˽
ĻūǷԴɨˣ
ѾͷͲһ
ĽݾҡҡͷСͷСŮʱ޿κΡ
ɡ
ӫѩ߽Ľݾ£֪ûʲùСѾͷĽݾЦǲǺɵ
ӫѩãص˱ɵأɵܼص·ȥٹһʱֻΪһ֪鲻ƽ
ͻһĽݾæʵСɹһʱ
ס˵ĳ飬Ҫһʱ
˼ţ
ӫѩĽݾһۡһŻ㻹ҪţǸСɵ˵ΣգһҪƽŰġ
ʲʱ£
Сɱ˹ߵˣ⺢һֱϣһ͸ɡ
ʲ᣿СרΪƽ𣿿ȻΪǱʣĶͰӵˡ
ĽݾõСŮһۡ᲻˵
ӫѩתʼʰ죬ͷҲûأֻƵصѵ˵ʱūҶ죿˵ӲѾҪС˵˵ʲ𣿡
û𣿼ȻСҲûΪʲỹҪ֣

СɣǾͿȥȥǱߣɲһģɾûʲˡ
ɶСѾͷǴĵġ
ĽݾѾ˲úӫѩƽˣæ첽ұȥ

ֻһյСС͵ƣĽݾһ䣬ͿǸС˶СǽǱϣһָסͷһţԼû
Сɡ

65

̧ͷǰˣﲻߣҵ
ղʱͷۣѾˣʵҲûʲᣬǻط𣿶һС˵²һ
ǰ˫ϥͷӵľСɣʲ᣿
СǹӾȵģ˶ǹӵģС£Сһȥ
Сɡ
С˶ʲ᣿ĿͷͲ
Ľݾ۵ǰĺӡɵӰʲ᣿

ǰУұǸֻᶺ˿ĵɵϰɣ
ƿӣҧס򼤶ͣ˫СݵǰС껹ӣСڴ˰ݱ𡣡
ӱĽݾ͵һСһƽյӽرһþǿؿ
ղŵǷ⺢
С͸ģͳĶҲջأҵģһͳˣյû

С껹㣡ʩĶҲŲҪҰСڶԵϣС˵Ǹ
ǲ֪˵⻰ʲᶼˣ֪һٰӻǱӣοǰ˶ˣкˡ
С࣬Ǹʬɡ
ǽҵȴһůĻұסе㴭ŵģƿȴ᲻á
ˣ˶Ҫˣһһɡ
Ұ۾ϣǿϣ춶еϢǰҳ
Ƕȴ
ɵϣ׳գȻ˵ҸĶʩ᣿֪֪ѰǵѡֻС꣬Ϊ˶㿪ģҵ㣬㣬㣬Ȼʩ᣿
ʩᣡ˵۰ƭ˵ģ
ҵ̲סһйҲеһҵɵϺģ˾һ߿ҵĺû˵˵ѣұˣͰƸӡء
Сɣ
ίĶһ˳ҪˣǾͰѻ˵ˣǱЦѣѵұЦû
קӵĨ˰ˮ޵ʲᶫǸСˣѵָںΧұһ׷ɱҪΪټ㣬ҸΪͰ͵ȥ͸㣬ȴӵˣɵϣұɵϣɵ㶼߿ˣȴ᲻ߣ뿴һۡ
촽͵ıס˫ҵϣĻȫ˻ȥ

ȥˣ˭֪ੲݵС컹˵ʲĵĻ
ĽݾҲǰסźСǴһСС⣬ȥģԽǴӵĶСڣЩ֪С࣬һ𣬴˱ķӦĽݾеһĪ鶯ֽӿ۽Уӵø

ʲ״
ҵɴ۾ֽӴʲ˼ҲĽӴܱԼϲİҸеÿġ
ǡ鷳㲻Ҫòãҵʹ޷ˡ
һ춰ҷ˿ҵǵͨ죬Ĵڴ
СɵϣñӺ֪𣿡
̧ͷ϶ϷʵĿ⣬Ҳ˱Уģ᲻
˭˵ҵСɱóˣСɻǸǰƯ
˭˵ģǱͭӫѩֳƣҪᱻߣ
ȴɫһ䣬ʧеСɣ㲻ΪԼǸӰɣ⼸춼ûվ𣿡
Դϴͭ￴ųᣬҾҲûùӣڱͻȻ뵽ʲᣬæܵһ澵ӡ
ֳͭһźұӣҿĵһѽ˦һߣ
ұˣұˡ
ɵȻɤ̵ָܻȻҲֲָܻﶼû͵ĸоأʲʱģ
ᴫ޿κε
ɵӣмʱѾָˣ㲻ܣ
ԭˣֲһ۾Ͱ˳ֲӫѩ޹˼ɵĶ䳰ȷ뵽һǳӵĻӫѩ˵ҵġ
֪ԼѾˣһʲ᣿

һعͷϲΪ
Ȼڿն𣬶ǰұĴϣסҵӣȻֽҽס
ͷǲǻ䣿
ɵɵֻ֪ҡͷ
̾˿Ҳɵ˱ȻұڻУҵͷСɵϣҵСɵϡ
ҡ
ͷһůʪ촽Щˣ̶ʼգ˵ʲҲһɶ 



66

Сɣϲ㣬ӼһϲˣϱһǷʲɣҪֻһҲأ
ףûɣ˵ϲңһ侲
֪㱻һϢʱжԼ˵Ҫã㣬㣬Ŀࡣ㿪ģҲÿģҹܲԼú㱧ڻúõİ㣬ɵᣬȴӿˣңҪҷִ˯ҲףСɣ㣬޲ðĶ͸㣬ΪʲȴܣҲߵģСɣҪʲڰ£
ƹ¶ؿңҾ˺ߣҲúܣܣһΣ˵ϲҡ
ǡ
ںҿǲǣղ㻹׵ңҪߡ
˵ίر졣
ЩΪҼʣȣҹܲסԼҲ֪ҪСϲңˣȻſ㶼޷㣬ᣬҾֻа˩ߣߣҲ㻹ܵģⱲӶᣡ
ʣӼҺһ
ǣǱȵİ֪жϣڶߡ
עңصСɣܺ𣿸һÿ춼ֵģҪϲʹԺĵҲŪ
ǺǡԭϲңǺϲϲ֣Ϊʲ᲻˵Ұװģ̲סǺɵЦ
СɣСɣˣ㲻Ҫҡ
һǺٺЦӽŵҺÿģҰͷ굽˹С˵ӣʵҺϲأ֪֪ж㡭
Сɣ˵ʲ᣿

ûǾˣĻҿɲ˼˵ڶ顣
ȻûŹңҴӻﾾ˳֣ص˵СɣղŵĻ˵һ飡
ԼһȸճĴϺҪ죬ٱ׷ʣƿӣת˭֪һأѹ˶Ļ̧һ˫ϲӡ
Сɲ԰˵ġ
㣬ΪһǸսĽݸʲᶼСľй
oһȥ
һֵֻ̽ҵĻУһ͵ظԺȫհ
Ȼֻȴ˻ȥһգҵҲһգĪʧа

˵Ͳ˵ɣҲˣ˵СɵʵҲɵСҪǲϲңΪƽ
һ̧ͷǸԼƽڶӵһСɣ͸ҵõһһֱأ
ҡ
ܻشȴһ§סﶯֻܶƽ˻С
㣬㲻˵һǮһĵ̯ҲŲҪ㣡ȴԽԽ
ԲСɣҸղ˵ĶԭҺ𣿡ϷʵЦݣض˵
ұ콫ͷŤһ߲ȥղŻɵϣףҲŲҪԭ
Ӳ˵ЦѵˮסҵĶͷգбǼ⣬ÿһ£˵Բˣ΢΢ᴭƾӵİ
ǸκҲ֪ԼǲΣǵĻǾԶҪˡ
ⲻΣӵһҵ룬⣬ǲǰĶ˵ˡ
ùҵһֻ֣ҧһҵʳָǲ۰۾֤Ρ
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ȻӱӰס˶ãȻһҪѱһֻסЦСɣ㶯ء
Ҫ˵Щ˵Ļòãƿֻ֣ȴӾƽѹڴϣҸůĴҵߡ
ҵĿߣһҿӿֵĵζ̲ס˱ĲҵĸԽԽȣԼɤ޷ѹֵȻϱЩҵֱӸҵϣӴද
ӡ
ѷֲǰһǷξΪҵǿʼǣǰһƬʣ¶ЦЦԵӰӰ´£ָɱ棬ҵǰᱳ͸βϵظһ𶥵Ŀֱҵͷ
ȻĴҵĿƵҵļΣ˱Ҽϵ˺ۣСɣҲˣһúñ㡣
ӣҪ
Ҫ˲Ҫˣļ¶ĺܲˣŤܿǿɶָ鶯ࡣ
Ҿ
ӵĻ˿ڻȰҼסĦңҸеļͦҵСϣܵĽӴ˷ܵҪ޳

СɣҺ𣿡
š
̫׽Ҫ飬ʲᶼãֻҪľͺá
ٶȱʲסҸе˫ȱطֿееĽ룬ʹͻƵʧУҽסԼӸܵϣҷҧ򢣬Ǻͼͷ֪Ϊ˼Ǵδйʹйܵļ飬ҾֻǽӵסĶһ䡣
ⱲҶҪ뿪㣬һһҶԶߡ

 СɵûκμҲûж֢״Ľݣ㲻ҪòãմҵܲͷضԾ˵
ҵȻ֪СϵĶѾˣͷ۵ú˵ʱѪܵʱҲͷۣҵǲʲ֢֮Щǵ˵
ĵȻܺˣ׿ڻĻ

һҾͷֻ˼ӵһҵԴƽھǰ촽ʪһ㣬ֻЦСɣʶĵһ죬ͰҵŪʪˣû뵽ëڻûء
ǺܾǰˣҼǵҺ;һʱ˯ˣʱҲˮ˰ɡ
̫ˣҰͷĸͣҿ
ҿû˵ȥڻҵʵ۲ۣ
̫ۡ
ЩǺۣʵʲᣬҵҲ̫ףӦǺܵ˲飬ϧҺ·˯ȥˣҲιȥˣǲ̫
ӣ˵佻ɣ̫ˣ֪û㣬ɵɵģ˿Ҳ֪ͷۡ
Ҫ˽ñ˿һûɵ֪۵ĸоҲҪȥ
ǾҷĻᣬҴ·Һᱧڻһ·մҩҡ
һ·˺öྭļҶѾһЦӫѩͷЦӣɫȥСɺǺܺء
һҲҿԣֻǰͷھĻֻʲᶼ
죬ỹȥˣôҲһ֮ںԼľֹ

ҿմ粢ûаҽˣûϻһҽҩң˵Ͼƿҩݸֱմ֪ʲ᣿
㲻ǺΣΪϾͿԻȥˣ˭֪ģһҪմҲ鿴ͷʹĲ֢
޹˼ɵ§Һܲ˼Ťӣµأ˭֪ȴ§øСɣҪҶ

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ͷʹǺĲ״ڽţʱͷʹһҿСɵͷʹȻͻʧ
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մĻѶæʵǻǵ˵ʲ᣿ΪʲҪӣ
Ｗ֡佻˼˵Уû¿µٺͲҪˡ
ٺҪϧæеմ磬ҪĻĺˣ˵իֳ˺üµġ
СɣС˳ԣ㻹֪ʲ᣿

˳ԣҵȻ֪ܶ飬˵³һָǸ²ͨ˵ͳĹϵܺ
һ뵽 æתʵ֪ұץ˳Χ 
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ǸǵĹϵѾˡֳЦСɰĽΪ㣬ɲǶ˸׳죬òײ鵽٣ȥʱֺˣСӻǺ¶û£У˭ƻ೷Ķ
ⶾûаԼ֪ͺˡ
룬Ȼҡҡͷ
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СɣСɵϣϲĲΪʲҪܵȻȥСؤ
ҲܵģǵʱǸӰӫѩŵˣ¾ѽ
ھĻﹰ˹СԲٲɵˡ
Ҷ仰ɲʲģΪ㱾ɵɵСɡ

ңھľҧһ£ЦԭСϰ߲ϲеİ
ˣҲ˱ӣˣ̰Դ˾ĻҲ¶ͷ

ûټӣ˵ĽԶӻȥˣһͼˣ˵Ǹ̬һԸӵģ˭֪ҸĽԶĴºᣬɹЦ˵Сɣû뵽Ȼºţˣĵܲġ

Ϊʲÿ˶ĽԶ첻ȥᾲһ̵Ķ˵ǰᣬϾͺͺˣûҪΪһ˺;ֱŤǲǣ 


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аϸ޳ָȥֺʹŤҵ̶ҾǾڼҵƤ۶ѡ
ȻϾʮ˰ɣһʮأƤȻҪõöࡣ
³ӣ޿κεЦЦ˾ˣҪǱϿֻҪˡ
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û𻰣³æǰСɣǲҲǲ˾˺һ㶼ռҵˣֻҪһҲð
̣ûѺǿڲ
ԸòˣȻǾľ˾ˣⷬᵹһƽӦ³˵ǡ

˾ˣͻȻ
ʵ³õİһۡʲͻȻ˾˿Ǻƽ£ѵ㻹Ҫǰк𣿡
Цҵ˼ǣȥ죬ΪʲûУѵͲ˶
ģǻ쵰úܣˣ
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ۡ
һӱһѰС߳ŤСԴĵʵСԹԣƯģ
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һ³һҪ賓С̣Ϊʲ˵ҪΪһƪµ˹~~֪λǷȤ˳Ҳ²С̵һ˭
С̳˺һ̰ԺͷԺ֮⣬һ̰ƣҪССߣͷɾԲСӴ~~~ 


С̺ܹԵģŻС̵Դ
СɣҪҧˡ
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СɰС̸ҿ𣿡
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ҵöС̹ȻԴֹͣŤ
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СỹԶ
մһԴЦֲˣݳԷģСɣ˵ûûûã

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Сڼ˻ὥֹͣ˷ͷһͰӡ
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С̣Ųʲɡ
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մֵ˵ҸСߵһ֮Եǰȥ置̽ѣ֮Сߵʱ̳ϽܴҵĤݣ짷磬ǻ᲻置֣
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ҪѰСɿˣСɣǴģ
ҴͷһۣͿСǰˣһΪ͸ҵء
СɣСϣһ߸㵱


˭ѱɷǵĴϣҪ㻹СɣܿһԶСĺӣ짷Ľݾʵ
ڶԸĽݰɣ¸˴ΧѲ˹ϵ佻Ƕߣ´ξͲ֪ʲˣĽݣ㲻ÿζˡ
֪ĽݾǸв֪ĺӵ佻ҳʲ£չСɡ
ں˵ʲ᣿ɱժ¥ҲǺ۸ģ̣Ҫ
ⲻɱģĸɱ֣˱ӵֶΣ
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Ľݾٴ𻰣С춿Ķ΢΢Сﲻ̾˿ɰĺӰûߣ죿
춽߿յɱ⣬ֵö򶨣Ȼ㷲ʮ֮ᣬĽݾԼ԰Ľͷһβ˻ɡ
Ȼʮֻǿƽ֣ԶԶʮ֮ϵɱ⣬ӹʱ׷ 
 
 
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Թ԰ȻԱһааĿҲҶĽԶЦЦĿ⣬æƵ𴦣ԲԸŹңȻǷСɣӸ紦Σ˵죬ɵɵģ˵ĹȻһ֡
ʲ˵ĹҲ׵ҡҡͷ¸ȴĵܣעԴǣ
ĽԶŶһ˳˦ǰѲֵȣЦ磬Ҳ̫Ҫ˰ɣʵֻҪеʿмСٵģʲˣֻҪҲҪҸģùȥ㿴һɵӣᡣ
ҿᣡ
ݺݵһ䣬¸ĽԶĻٴǻ
ҵĵؿ¸磬֪ǸҪӵˣܾΪִ̫֪磬ɣʵϴ˴ӵĻ֮ᣬҾ˯̵Ĵ㣬ֻһֱû¸¡

ѾˮģСҲһֱ߳üŪʾҹȥҶֻõûܸܵ¸ʱĬĲãҸеЩ£Щѹ
ҶĽԶûΪңһ˳ȥûߣɿˣ̧ͷ϶ͶĿ⣬Ǻ˫ͫﻹ˼ֵǣһů

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¸ԾԣסĳӺͶסׯˣӺչҲǰסɱӰСܵ棬һʱһţӰɣꪸ꽻ཻ֮
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Ҳ֪ڳ͢Ϊ٣ձȨ뺦Ȼܶ࡭СǡʵǰҲҹ鷳ĿŵɱǵһΣһʡ׵ʱ򡣡
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Сǵ֣ģԭСҲں°ץסϣܸһů
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˵ȥ˵꣬òײŵõʡµĶ׼˵ʲҲȥ СǶһֵСɣҪ㣬Ͳܳˣÿһ˹ס˵˶ûУκò׻ؼʡףȴַ¡
Сǣ㲻õңǻ¸ҹɵ˵

Сǻȥᣬҿڴϣ̽뻳ǿ¸͸ҵмѹ
WѪλεĳԾǰ̻û뵽Ǹ˵ҪҵĻڶ˵ȴͷҶˡ

¸Ż˺˸һھͷŵϣҺ鴦Σɿ¸䵭ӣʹѯͷ
֪ӺʱʼҺ¸֮Ľ̸ԽԽ٣ʵ¸û䣬ĬԹҰɣΪ˾ġ
ɱᣬ¸ʹйһԻᣬ¸ҵ̬Ⱦ䵭࣬¸ӰӵصҲǰǰ̸Ц 

 

37

СɣѾˣӽ˯ա
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ǰɣҺǵһμϷأǵѽĽԶҲϷ˵Ķӣǵ 
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˴ʱ춱ǲ˳Ȼﱧ˺ö͵ĸ㣬һǷģԾϷжԶ߶Զ

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һĽԶֻ鷳ȥºܺãһֱڸϰϺȤţҪǸЩƵĻﶺȤûһۣǸϰҰʱǲص˵һЩ̫ĵЦ֮ǣһξƵҵĿա
ʱϯ輧ڵ裬Ҷóûע⵽ϰЩĶ 


38

һֱŽ˶飬ǸϰȵվסüҶʰõķȥϢ˭֪һѽߵӴҹȥˡ
ԼüɵСɵɵģǼǲס·绻ġ
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ϰһͿˣ治һҪҷСִָ·ûˤſ¾ĸ

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үЦסǰǰһק˻һڴ˺ֻ漴̽˽ȥǰϴŰ
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ֻĴһϰʹʱɿ˶ҵЮƣҳûϣûвһϢԼĻ
˲ϰСУҷһײײ˳ȥʧУҵȻϰϵЦ

ĵģƢҲҵθڣ˵ǿϧû취˭˲õأ

Ҳ֪Լֻһĳǰֱүû׷ͣ½Ųص·ԣȫҲ򷽲ŹͿ־
һϰЩĵĶҵ㷭ҸϸŻɼʲᶼ²ֻܵڵشϢֹ

ղӦôϰ壬ûأɱźãȻһΪһͷ
һٴӲ˵İɣ
뵽ϰɫԵķֹסһŻ

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ץסߣΪ׵һ˺ȵʱҶǰҼߡ
Ϣ죬ͷ
ҵ΢סҵߵúÿ죬Ҹȥ䴦̾ذһţݺ㣡
ҼǱϴקĴӵլԺмҵȽŴûٰߣǿ־ҾȻû̫ʹĸо

ܼžĴȻƻͨˣӣӺĽԶӺӵɫѿĽԶȴеҡȣֻسңϰһֻֽסͷŭݵһࡣ
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ȵϱмҶǰ䴦ݺһţҳʹͨ˫类˴סҶá
ǿͷӣȴĮƽʱһĵȻҿ͸⣬˫ʵ˵ϰ壿
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ĽԶбҵ֣ҲҪҸϼҹɣ˽֪żҲЩɲĵĶҲ⣬ģԻᴦЩصˣװˡ
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ӻعͷɭȻ㶼ˣĽݸ꣬δߣ㲻͵ϰ鴮ڱˣʸõ 

 


39-42


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˦ҵϣʹұ˽ڵأӻǱƴᵹһߡ
նʱһѪӿҵ°ͱ̧ĽԶҶЦ磬ƽʱ̫ЩˣǲŻûء
ƴҡԴ˦ֵֻƸȻеû͵ֻϰ壬û͵
ĹЦ죬䳰û͵ȴΪˣǸţѶᡣ
ҲֻǿӴеӣû͵Ǳԩġ

ûٿңӦҵֻ֡

Ҷ԰סֹҵľһһһҿһӺֻ˳æеҡ
ĽԶİһ׼ȷҵϣҪĻ˻ȥ
ǸҶǰﶼӵϣüͷ͵һ壬ϰȴϲ⴮飬⻹Ҵ˴γʱġ
վԱһֱһδĴͻȻʵ׹£ϰ壬𣿡
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ĽԶ̽ͷһЦö׹ʶСʱ͸⵹ˣ磬ҼǵһֱϵģܵС
ӻشϰͽӿڵ⻹˵ȻҲ͵ˣҲ̫СˣصĶᶪ˶֪
Ҳû͵û͵
Ҳ֪Ķ忪ԼҶЮƣ˵ӵĽűߣеؽеӣû͵үĶ׹Ҳ͸ҵģǰӡ
ұĻû˵ȥΪұһǰ˵ȥһŴľʹ˳ǰ˲ӵȫʹĹӣͱҶǰ˵ϣҵͷѹĺܵͣҿǵı飬ֻĽԶᳰЦ
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ʱʹһֱӰεĸСɲ뽣ʱСһȥ˯ʱСȻįʱʹ߰ݺݵҧࡣ
᲻ߣ˵ϰ˭ºõӣĽԶҲˣʵ˭νΪԷĿľֻһڳ
ǴΪСɱһ磬ɹϵǿ׹νͣҪڶԴ˵ĸ΢СһСɵĹϵᶼ˵ˣ

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죬ʹķεĿһΰɡ
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ԲСɡ
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ˣȥʮϴͱ޵ϴΪֹ
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ҵ죬ͻȻǺЦ
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ֻǲΪʲ᣿ΪʲĹĺ´һȫˣΪʲ׿ڶ˵Ҫңҿֵȫ˻ԣ
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Сǣллҡ
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һºСͷĽݾ΢Ц˵ 


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ˣᶼģûȾҡҡ

СɣСɣѹѹ
ҵڶߣԴ죬ңͲǷҼƴҡͷ÷ɿ죬͵ץס֣·ֻҪץסҾͿԵþһץֻ֣Ҳɿ

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С࡭
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Ҳ޵С࣬ô
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˵ҲǴӹŹ˸صˣСͲһ㣿


ף죡
֪ûг±أѾö궼ûˣǲǸѧС伢 


43

ǣС࣬Ĳܸһȥ𣿡
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СÿֲҸΪԱĽԶҪֲĶࡣ

СС˵ĹǸ̬ңҲ¾ݺҵġ
֪˼ĽݸĹݺһС˸ʲ᣿
ԭҪǾ˵ˣҼʹ˵СҲδؿţֻõҲµġ
С̾ͱɫס
£µĶҲСɣĽݼλӣѾλҲϲ㣬ֻܴˣɣ
֪ﲻϲң
ȻԼҲָоС׿˵ЩëȻҶĳһ

ߣ㣬ֻҪһ仰͹ˣ˽ʼһδҪĹ飬ֲ˰ûˣ˵ĹҲһء
ҲŲҪǱ̬ңһϷװˣ㿴СҲƭˡ
һǵùΪʲÿ˶ϲң
һɥӣСæȰҪ˼ˣ˵ạ̊́ҪСˣǾû˸Ҷġ
ͷ룬һֱӸҵĸоУλһֺǿӲѹұΪ˵أСӦòῴˣξСĻ

С˺þòҪߣæеС࣬ʲʱң
ҪµģΪ㣿ſˣпȻͻСװͰ仰ͻȻ˵˾䡣ɣֵ
֪СָȴͷһԲ
С࣬ûϲһˣ֪֪һͣɵ˵ܻܿ˺أ 
ұϵı޺Ҳ˿ںܿͻã̺ȴһӣʱ̵ңǸҵһһҪء
ҲӲңҲԭװң
Ǹ͸ҵİ
ҧſڴͷ°Ͷͷϣˮ˳ղϻȥڱ޴ʱûޣСǰסޣĿڴжһ˺飬˺ѵʹҪᱳʹܣʹҳ˷ڴͷ֮

ӱط֮ҿһůĻ֪˭ˣ˫ֱӣᱳЩۡ
۰ɣ
֣ Ϊʲܲҵ£
̧ͷˮ˫ˮӯӵӿȥԵʣæգգۣξӨ۽Ǵ˳
Ҹȥˮ΢ЦСɲ԰佻ǰõҩϣҪ֪㻹ڱԹʹһĵġ
佻չӰɣʵѾˣҪǺľͲˣæͷְɡ
Ϊʲһֱޣʵ
̧ͷҲ֪һú͵Ŀ⿴ңҲҿһš
ӵҵͷСɱԩһίΪʲỹҪСǰװµӣ
ԭӶˣǰƵ˵ҲСൣġ
ӦҵǶĸ
вҪúòã֪Ҷûеֿˡ 
ˣһʹ¿ˮĺãӿɲС࣬һұЦҵġ
Ұͷڶӵǰʼ˵û͵ϰ鴮Ҹû͵ӵûҡ
Сɴϰ𣿡
ѵҲ
뵽һ㣬ҵͻȻһʹ
Ҳġ
һϰһЦЩĵĶҵӾͲɾҶ͵ץסǰ½еҵ£ס˺ҵ·ͣңҺú£ֻߡû

Ľݾ͵Ŀ
ȻϣǸϰϲò꣬û뵽ξȻӶŹ
Сɵ£֪֪
С˶ԼҵĽݾæӵ㷢Ŭʹ
Ǹ͸ҵģϸߴңѣϣǣΪʲ᣿ҲΪʲҪӣǲҲԣӲң
ϲ㣬Ϊ㲻ԣã֪ʲᶫֵȥϧġ
Ҳ
Сɣ㲻ض벻¾ͲҪ룬ΪֵȥЩĵ£óԵʲᣬ˯ãѵһ𣿡
ΪʲҪҾȻˣһѣһöӺö
ʲ᣿
ͷ룬ͻȻ۾һæ̧ͷеӵؿӣСʵβǲǺܹ󣿡 

 

 

 

44

һ㹦ᣬſڴͷһҸʳСɣƷ˱㲻ӶЦ
짷̾ǸӣһеóԵģͰѲĵȫˡ
佻ͬҡҡͷ˵ֻǲԸȥˡ
짷ɵǰɣҿĿлһβҪĽǺֶΣһ仰Ͱ⺢ӵ˼˱ȥ
˵˭ҲҪСǰ֣ܵǱֹܼ˵һ⺢ˡ
佻짷һۣǰæʵҪһ͵С
䣬ͱһ˫۹ݺݵ˻ȥӹֻǽҥ˵ѡ
짷üĽݣ쳾Ѷ˾ɱɱӦ͵˾ǣ⣬սʮҲһԻ֮㻹Ҫӣǲװɣ
ĽݾɱҪҵ
Ҿеǰȴ񡭡
ĽݾЦЦĿתݵĺϣѾһΣٴڶΣ
짷ʼ硣Ӣѹ˹ذȻǸ㲻ʲˣֻҪϲͺãˣ⺢ȬҲûЩʱ䡣

Сɣٽӫѩ㣡
ĽݾŮӫѩݺݵĽ䴫˹ʱ˵߶˹ȥ

ͷǰüƯ㣬Ӳߣ̳úСһȴһװͰ͵ӣҺѵˣ׳Ƶġ
Ҷ˺ϲĵģźҳԷƺİΪʲ᲻ˡ
Ϊʲ᣿
Ϊҽ㣬ҽˣ
ǡ㱾ͱ

нʲϵһǶܰճɻҽŭϼʹ֪ˣӫѩ
ϴһЦҿչվЦҲˣСɣˣЦ
ӫѩȴһѰǰĲȫʰˣ޺޵ص㲻ԣˡ
ذѶʰȥίر죬ϲĵĲųڡ

СɣӫѩΪãѲãǸԣ̫ܳࡣ߹Цҽ˵
ԭӫѩС൹
ǲǿԶԵأæʵ
Ӧÿ԰ɡ
Ǿͺá

ѾϴЩԭ£ھȻΪҸоֵֹģҵһò󻰣ΪǸѾӰϴһֱЦᶼﲻסЦ
һжʰᣬҿչ˵Щʲᣬ˺þչӲߣѾҲȥ
߽ҽһ£ԼҲɵ˴ϣְ§
бſڶӵϣһֱſڴҪˣҲϲůůĸо
ǡ
ӣΪʲҪ˯ҵĴ

һŹĶӣ˵
СɣҵĴԵʱһֱ˯ķ䣬ˣȻҪ
ӺĽԶĻ͵һҾΪͬűǼģǵӲˣڶӡ
ʶӣϧûʵĻᡣ
Сɣ˯ɣ⼸Ҳˣ˯ԼĴȽ

Ϊҵ²۵İɣҲٶ໰ԴƽȵĺȵϢҲҲ硣

ҾͳմĲ˼ӵСˣմ綼ҪҳƺǹӣӫѩҽһǶǹˣֻ˳ǵ˼

ҵᱳÿ춼ҪҩϵЩ¾ȻǶӰġ
Ϊһմڸҩʱײˣһذմ˳ȥֻմеǼ㲻ڣСɷҩǴֻвˣûŮ֣֮Ҳϲˣ㲻ҪľԱòã
ЩӣҵľͿʼСģʶһοӣŪҲú¡
С˵ĶԣӾԲȥºͿס
ܿҵĲ£΢ЦҵͷȻһߵҩʼϷ󣬲ʵСɣÿҩòã
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Ҹ˵𣿶ղմ磬ﻹ˸Ҹҷҩ
Сɣ˿ڻ۵𣿡
ţˣЩطᷢ
Ǿ֤˿ϡ
Ǿͺãſڴϣúܡ

ڴĵſ죬һСͻȻңƯһ˫۾׵ӣҲװң޵ñһ
СһұЩݺύıˣСһֿʼޣҶֻҪմҩЩ˰̾ͻ䵭ûɾȰסȪӿСǣֻޣͲڽʲᣬӫѩԱ˵˾ٿ޾ͲƯ˵ĻСסˮ
ΪСǵĴޣҼóһȺоСһ㶥Ӽ¯ȶˡ

СǺھεԭûܰҾʵСǵ£Ҵûֹοһޣ
ҵ̬СǺܿģ˵Դҳᣬÿ˯ȣΪйȥܾȵң˭֪ȴϰ˵Ҳ󣬻˰һҹ֮ûȥҹӣ˵Ǹ˲Ϥ硣
֪СԶǰǰЦˣǶֻ˵Ŀʱһȥ 

 

45-46


ʮҩᱳıʼϣԲҲ´߶ˣմҩԡ
˵ʵڵģһ಻֪ʲݸľһúöģһĲԸӱ˵ҩԡᱳı޺ȫʧһ˰̶һ⻰Ͼɵ㶵ظҲں˰̣ԼҲ
Ҿ͵ڶοɫմĪЦӡ
մһʱǳϲЦ˺þòûЦ۽ǻ᳤ЦƵģԵϡ
С˵öԣӿڳһҪμס
ӵɫҺ£ҲҶ˵һ֣ԹԵҩҩԡӵɫͺתˣ˵Ϊ˽ңϻһģᣬΪİĵģҾͲٷҩԡˡ

С࿪ʼңƵĺתĴҲԽԽ١
зһֵֻҪСңһϳ֣ǴڨС˵ʹСȥҲȴִ˲ƣûһĸС˵ЦҾúܲ⣬ƽʱǸϲ˵һСȫأĮκСǰҪʰ·硣
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ͷʹ˺ܾãΪʵ벻ԼλԶϲˣǰһǺе
ƺûѾˣСԾɵͷͣڱ𴦣ȴƽС࣬ʵΪʲ᣿

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СȴˣûΪʲᣬͼ˸䲻㣡
Ȼشܲ⣬ߵص㲻Ҫдʣ佻ʱҾԣҿú㵱ʱǹģȴֱͦҴûΪͼκ˶߹öࡣ
СЦ˵̧ˣҶԼ߹
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ΪʲҪԼϲ㣬ѵ㿴ϲҲÿζҽӽ㣬ǧټ㿪ģҡ
ӣҲûҲɲժ¥ĶҪӣŶӵ㣬ֻǸͷСˣûð˹ӵ£
С࣬Ȼ˵ңҵʲˣ֪ϲɵӣѵУ짷绹Ȳһɵ𣿡
ϲ˭޹أ߿

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˵Ұ磬㿪ʲЦСϲңģÿ첻Ǵ̸ϲˣҪ˵ϲҲӦϲŶԣûÿμ㣬С۾Ҷ
ԣǵ¸Ҫң϶İҹɵһУֻе㱿ѣҪҪ˵
ЩҪһ£Сŭؽеſң
ЩԾæ۾ֻ罫СڻֿסСͷʹԼȻѴСĴϣǵúܼңһ˵С࣬С࡭

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ҿ˭ûҿһĻСĸԣһᱻɱڵģҵһηСѾǿֲֿݵˣӵĶⶼ˦˵ҾǿһҪǿöࡣ

СûңҺõ鷳ʵ֤ҵĵĶǶġ
мȵģֽ˺üŮ֮⣬ʲ鶼û
Ҳ֪Щû֦չŮʲˣӫѩһ䣬˭֪ӫѩһм˵ЩǻŮӣ˵Ҳѧã֪ƯŮơ
ԩΪСൣĲʵѽŮӣӫѩұ⣬Ҷݺݵһ٣ٴӫѩСͬףʲҪ֪Ҫٽ

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ӫѩһˣ֪ǸĳܺõˣȻʱ˵̱һЩһϣСӫѩǺƵģһ̲ס͵͵ֹ˵ѣ⻰Ҳ֪ľӫѩҶ䱻š˼Ȧһ̿ĺմǴЦֹҲֹ̿Сɳ֪˼ýˡ
ֻһ˵ѣҪҪԸ˵ҾȻϲС£һֱ׿СģԴӺ糳ûһףҲʣֻһ͵͵ﷸֹ

һֵǣǰһñʾͷ۵ëûˣȻⲢһд֣ǻ֣ʱĥīģΪɫ¾ĥīˡ
վڶһĥīһ߿дĸҵȤ֮һȻʲᶼǿдʱǸר־ӣҾ;ú˧ 


Ͼʱӻմʲģմ˵ӵΧܸߣʷ֣Ҳǲ̲סһ䣺ȻնߣΪʲսʱһȥӦս
̲סЦֻԵһ֣ǿʤ֮ģ㲻塣
仰ͷ˺ܾҲûףӾ㲻ã˵ЩĻ

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ҶǿĹûʲȤ˵ҪѧַѽѽĹ򣬶Ӷû˵ľ͵ͷӦ˵ҵи֣һɵñǶߣøˣϾ͸ǰҲӣңΪֹز⴫ء
Щֻһ˵ģû뵽⻰ᶼһӵı顣
մ翴ӣ˵⺢Ӻûء
ӻû˵æӿڵҵȻûˣǿᱳء
Ϊ֤û£һԭ¡
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϶ͶºĿ⣬һ죬æƵ˱𴦡

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ΪմҽС˵õĶõҩҺõĿʲֵģ
մ绹һľ棬ҡͷˣõҲ˵ɣ뵽ˣСɣһ볣ˣҵҩ˰ɣ
ʲҩˣ
ǳԸҩٰ룬һ㶼۵ǲǣСɣҪͬ⣬Ҿÿ춼իĵĸԡ

ÿܳԵĹȻãɻҪҩ롭
뿴ܿ£ʵϸоģۣǺҩеǿˣһÿ춼ҪҩĺѺȰǵġ
Ծϵʱ˰˴𸴡

СɲҩˣҪУȥæӣ
ӣ
ת֪Ƕӻˣæ´ܵߡ
⼸ŰȥˣΪҪþöأû뵽죬һЦݵĿң̲סǰסͷӣҺ㡭
⼸ûжԣ˯ȣĻӵǼů¯Ҫů
ҲСɰ
Ӻ紺Цҵغ
ȿȡ
֪ΪʲᣬմͻȻҿһһȥӺˣʹҴ뿪ˡ
մᱳе㵣ĵصմɤӲ̫ãҪҪԼŻ÷
Ǵ򣬶չԼסҵֵСɣҵ鷿иСһϲ
鷿վʵӣҪдҰĥī
ҵòīԽĥԽӫѩЦ˵ⱲӾǸ˵С˵̷˵к㣬ͰǼ˶һӣҺò⣬´ҪСѧЩ´ʶǾ᱿

ҲдţҪһ¡
Աߵ£˭֪һֽȥϡ
ҵˢľͺˣȻһڶӵĻߣϵĻͷһΣҶӻһǰһҲܶ
ǿϵ֮ܰϮҾ˵ͷҲָֻ̧קסѵһǲͣؽ

ף
ͻȻһֻСڹڵҵǰ
ֻıɫС꣬ͨ徧Ө͸۾úڱʯǶɵģе̣ЦһɵɵĺÿɰæֽӹӨӨĹ˵ÿɰСӴ
ǰһϾ뵽СɻϲȻ
ССͷðİŵ̨Աߣ˵С԰ϵֽҾ÷ˡ
СúܿɰһܹذɣϴεĽѵҲҺ˼ˡ
ӡ
һůӴ潫˻ס̾˿˵͸СɵСɲҪ𣿡

ȻҪĲˣֻǡ
Сڹ귭
ùС泯ϰ˹ֻСԲĶϿһСС֡
ɡ
ӦǷ֣ǰѧģСһľǷ֡
ǰԩСС͵ģΪϿء
һʯͷʱأæϲذС걧˻
ܵҵĻٱԩϵİɣĺϸء
ӣлл㣡
ϲͺá
ӣȡְɡ
СˣȻҪСȡ
ǾͽСˡ
ϻһ˿ȵЦݡСꣿҲ𣿡
һ˵ֻ¿ʼ롣
Ҫʲ᣿Сë?СףСǣСࣿвУСҵĺܰСϡ
㻹ǽСɡ
ûע⵽һʧܣϲҲ˵Сá
һԼĶĻŭŵİС﷭ȥû쵽ӵĺЩ٣סҵ˫ֻ΢΢ 

 

47

Сɣҿһᱳˡ
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ҵ˱øǿң֮м˲鲼ҵᱳǰ˫Ҳҿ۵øصĴϢԽԽǴʪ֮Ĵ˱ҵļͷǣֱ쵽ҵϡ
ӡ
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뵽ıŻŵĿʼ£˶ӣҲ֪ȴԼĽʲᣬҲ֪᲻ϰң

Ƶ˹ҵͻһæصסţ֪Ÿһƣһνķ
СɣԲ𡭡
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ƽ͵ұֹͻȻԼɵǸˣȻЩҡ
СãҰſڣǵð

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ŲԶȥҸ˺þòԥŴ򿪣ӰûУſڵĵ϶˶ֻС꣬æ
ĿʼЩڣ϶˺ö飬Ҷ˵ģ˽⣬֪ղŶڸ󻶣ҲƿģҵӣҲҵľˣãģʲ᣿ֻǸͼСˣҪװߣ
С꣬⣬Ļһ

ǶûңʱҲû֣̲סһԵӫѩȥ˭֪ҷۡ
Լȥﶼ֪൱ĵˮƽ
˵췢£ҿ˵мϵݷãӺմǣҿȥ˾¥򻨷ȵأҪܻ
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ûɵӣӫѩֵʵСɽ첻ϲĵĶԡ
ǰԼҲò˼飬ʽζĵİǰ᲻
Ҳǲ˰ɣ

һֱҲӻұСڴͷ˺þã춰סᵹڱ˯ˡ
ԺиоŽݣ۾ӣ
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΢ľһŨҵĹ㴫ҵı
ӹȻȥֵط

ҵԼЩʧ䣬Ҳƣ˳һѣɵ˴ϣƣӣ²ãͷ
ʵͬѾкöˣÿκʱϾͻоȴǲͬʱǵĲ軨㣬ʱŨ㣬ʱŵĶ㻨ζ
ҲΪʲҲҪϣ͵͵ʹӫѩ˭֪ǸСƳһۣ˵̻ŮǵǾ̸⣬ٵ˹㣬ҪעһˣͻᷢҲζˣ˵ûһǺöҲ㣬Сɣ
ǰ̫첻֪ʲ᲻ԣǹŨζҺܷ꣬ҶƵİת棬ǽͶһξ롣
ʹˣŨҵĹ㻹ǲҵıķң˺þò˯ȥ

ڶͣ뿪ˡ
Сһ㶼ְҲãҲãҾʹû̹𴲡
ҴҴ˵㶫ܵմҩҩԡѳÿĹΣʹմ粻ڣҲҰҩãʱá
һĵҩڿ䳡ͺҩԡȥ֪ΪʲᣬЦգܾЩģ첢ǳܰɣӦòΡ
òװ˰ʱæҩף·Ǳһܹȥ

ϲ˳ȥˣժ¥ҶɽׯϣΪҡ

û뵽ܵȹ䴦ʱӭ߹һˣû񣬲ƫеһͷײĻ
˭
ײʹĶͷȥǱܵùĿĽԶҡȣЦЦվҵǰ


48

Сɣˣû뵽ҲôңȻͶͱ
һ뵽˺Ҳ㱻ҵŭ͵سݺݵسʵô
ժ¥Ҷɽׯֻһǽ֮ȴأСǺС֮⣬ҴûĽݸ
ĽԶЦݷö磬Ҳո֣˳㿴㻹ûС
ԭˡ
ĽԶЦ˼ض˵СɣǸֵĺӣôٶ򣬲˭϶һǲһ£ֻĵˡ
㵱ȻϣƺңҵôӲƫƫˡҲŻ
˵Ҳ֣ǰЩĽԶģɱǮһĻһֱô˵ĶʣܴżֹЦҲҸе־壬˫ԶŶǸ޵׵̶Ƕ࿴һۣбȥĿܡ
Դұİʱ̬ǿҾ;Ҳûʲôµġ

ĽԶҵŭӣҵĻǽüһЩ㵵Ц
СɣСڻ֪˭ں㣿
˭ɱڣ
ҵĻĽԶЦøˣҡžĺҡҡͷ㻹ǴϲôôɣҶ绤㣬ƶʱ֮ûжˣ˵㵹б£һʮһС˶ͰҶ磬Ūߵ˵ҶĴҶɲ磬Ƿ³߹˵ˣɵõģС̷һᷳ㣬һ߿
ʲô£̬
һĽԶȻӣҶʹﵽ˼㣬ʤݺҵǼ¡
֪ͲôϹˣˣһ춼Ҫùġ
ĽԶٿسסҵͻȻϬҵĸ첲ץס߬
ʹ
ͻȻе㺦£һʱ֮ŭΧһ˶ûУ˭֪ô
Сɣ㻹еҵģп־壬Һܿġ
߬Ҹ첲־˿סҵıĿֱϤа棬ĽԶ֣ЦСɣ㻹ûûΣô˵ǰҲΪΪأû뵽ûϣΪ跹˼ġ

ǹɱ˵ɢҿᴭ
ΪҲ跹˼
⻰ҿɲ̫ţĽԶо仰˵ˣһЩûûΡ
һ˸ʱЩ⣬֮ĺĵĸо
ⲻܹ˭իĵıŻͣÿӫѩ죬죬壬ŻСС棬ôæпӵ¡
ڱĽԶôһ˵ͷ룬Լú顣

Сɷǣƺ۸˶ûʲôýϰҲͲ֪˻
ôͻȻϰ壿
ЩĪı飬ĽԶƵصϰǰǰ£·֪˾ƷڵأԴײ·Եϣôһغˡ
ʲôϰˣ
̵ɴ۾
ȻǸϰ壬ϢһЩȣʹҲ㱻ȴû뵽Ҫ
ôԾҪģ㲻ǻڹŹתһȦ𣿡ĽԶµʼ磬ȻĿ¶ϡ
ʱһεϮһһ
ĽԶȴǰסҵ˫磬˫׵˫ͫңҧгݵĻô˳˫³
Сɣһ⻹ʲôһ׳գȴһźԻ˵İɣСҴģԣҵģ
Ųǡ
㻹ǿ죿ϴ㲻һûǾָһŤϣٰ֫Ȼ˷Žɹ̫ʱҿ᲻Ľк㲻йҵҪĹֶܼáСɣ㲻ôõҶò˶þͻᷳ㣬ʱ㣬һ˵ˡ
ųаЦݵҺý˫ҿеϵŶôǿҵԹҶø֪лᣬˣһôġ

ĹӣҶ𻰣һʲô
ӫѩһҼæܵߣץסĸ첲
ĽԶЦָֻǰǸںӣؿңЦСɣûϢŮȹʲô
ӫѩޱػؾĹӣժ¥ĽݸЩִ磡
ĽԶһ䣬ӫѩֻǳҵСɣס˵Ļ
һ˵תԹﳤȥҺӫѩ

Сɣû°ɣ
ӫѩеĿ⣬Եҡҡͷ
ĽԶ˵öԣĺûϢǼ仰ΪʲôҪô
ʵͲˣµ˵µǷ
ĺܿͻңȻһ߿ʱǲǾĽԶڲˣ

Ҳɫӫѩˣĺҵְο˵Сɣ㲻£ĹֻŻ㣬ûʲôµģղŶӿԳ˴鷳Բĸ
ԭӫѩĳֲżȻΪӹҡ
뵽ҵı㽥

СɣҪҪȥǰСҲء
ҡҡͷ
Щ´Ӻǣܲǲúá
ҲãһҲϲȥԺתתմ綼Ǳߡ
ð

ӫѩԺȥܲɣǲŴȣͼһ˳Щңջų죬ŭݣԭһ̱󣬴ӺСȴߡ 


49

ӫѩæҹ¸ֻ˵˾ɣǲվͷһߡ
ӫѩҵ־ˣȥȡҡ
ӫѩһۣǡ
ӫѩᣬߵߣ˵̧ͷ
Ļдһ˿ǿӲҲ̧ͷȴ΢΢ЦСɣ󣬾Ȼû
⻰е㲻ԾæմūžȻģҽø
û¾ͺãСɣһοҪСˣÿζ˻㡣
˵ֺȴûɵظеһ䣬æ˵ͷ

־ûϡӴҴ߹ỹӫѩ
ŶһЦҲҷŵطˣ磬ҪǿǵͻҰ
ǣʩһ
뿪ᣬǲӫѩȻʵղ˵Щʲ᣿
ȻһֱӣɵǰʱȴֽŵҪͰ͵صֻʺһ䡣
ղǻӦʺɣ
ӵ˵ͷû˵ʲᣬת鷿ȥæᣬʵӫѩ˵ӺСҲˣûǣ
ȻȥˣҪСǣһͷ˽
òáҡͷ
ĽԶŵǷҵе䣬ӸӺմǴþˣԽԽԼݡ

鷿Ҽ£ƺҪдæһߣ̨ڿʼĥī
ӽֽ̯ʼӱ飬ҿ֣أҳţĥīᣬԹԱź
һߣ͵͵ӣӲ濴ȥӵĽëóüбޣ촽΢΢߻һ˿Цݡ
ʵӺӳú񣬲ͬӵˣӸ嵭ŵȣ뷲һ㣬һ˿׵Ļ֮
ӣҺȻһ龰ʱҲʼͣ

СɣСɡ
Ŷ͵ػعֶҡ
㲡ɫ졣
һæҡҡͷû£Һܺãܺá
ӫѩ˵Ķûԡ

˭ڣҺ˼룬Եĵ鶼ûС
ҵͷصû£ûθΪС
º͵ЦЦСܿɰСһ
ҵĶͷһæһ˹ȥ
ֻǿӵľҪǱҵĲ֪᲻ĳ
ҲֱӶӣ漴ͷֺεͣڿУһŵĿЦҵͻȻúܡ
˼ҲǹҪģֻǱܷӦ´Σ´һ㡭

һΣΪ֮ļҺͶȻǰͬߣٰӵڻˡ
ҼǵǰҲĽԶʹӵһȥ̵ģβ˵Ҳڶǰ˵ЩʲɣʵС˺˯һԭͲϹأֻºͣʹҲ˵ٲʶĻǾ̫޴ˡ
ǣһǰ춹˵ҵѾȫˣٺͬܲȥ˯
⻰ɫٿ˺þòʣҵĴ𣿡
ıе㺦£æ͵ûУûУбҲûء
ûȥ̾˿ˣ㰮ɣľͺá
ллӡ

ӰӫѩԸΪðһСҶ˯ҿӫѩ⻰ᣬһȵĿҡ
ʵֻҪ̾ͺãһҪų͵ۿɫҾû˵ʲᣬ֪ΪҺá
ʵ˯һʱ嶯ģСϾˣȻӫѩΪ̵ޱ൱ʵ˯һ㶼ҲӲӲģӵţȻҲӲӲģȴҺܰģǿû῿˰ɣ

𣬶ϾͻúˣҾֻбСڱСߣ֪ԼǵöӲ죬ʵҲܲģÿŵ۵ζҶ
һҸƽʱһһ˯ڷ֪ε˶ӣƽ΢Цңұڻĸңǳ§һ𣬿Ҳûĸо෴ȫȵա
ҵһοӵ壬ΪҷԡǶǽͿǰԵʣֻܸоҽ§ס鷿һָҵĿذĴҵĴǼζҸе𶥵ԽԽȣ춣һɼ˳Ҵоѡ
еȼʪһƬæϵƣڿȫǰǵҺ壬Ҳ֪ʲᣬǲܱ˿ģҺöӻûлæҴһڿ㣬Ϩ£ŵҪ
۾ҲϻŵξҴûģҼٽͬ磬ֱҵ۾ôĺ˯⡣

һܵմҩȥû뵽ӾȻҲΣҼ̧ͷȥԥҪҪ˵
Ƕȿ˿ڡСɺٻ𴲰佻ǲʲ£
º͵ĻҲմ˵һҩԡ¡մ磬ɲ԰һһεҩԡΪһΡ
ʲ᣿˵һ飡
մһŵҰĻȫ˻ȥ
Ӳõɨһ۵Сˡ
մ粻ӣµСɣһµҩԡᱳ˺۶ӦȫȥˣûҪݣұͣأû뵽Ȼ񫣬׼һΣ
ǰұϻкöС˺أȫȫ
ǰǶӰҼ˿ڵģԴǼε·ᣬûˣڶԼͭᱳû˺Ҳҩԡֻ޺

 

Ǹֲпİ壬ӾȵȥСɽҲȥϣڸǸͬ롣

 50

մ統ȻҵĽͣߺߵصСɣǰҩԡ𣿻˵ʲᱳ̶ںͻȻˣҩԡβģǸõģ֪ҵҩжһӵĹǮҲ𼸴ҩԡҩ

֪Щҩһܹ󣬿û뵽ף͵ۿԵĶӣᱳǷҵȷںںӵĿ֪ϲЩ˺ۣҾҪͳͳȥû뵽ҩԡΪûǰҩļǮ
Ǿ͡˰ɡ
ӵҪ˵ڵĻСɼȻϲҩԡݰɣЩҩֲ𡣡
մ翴ӣֿңһʧܡ
ҵĶӣССףҲЩҩǹ⣬ЩҩǻǮҲ󵽵ƷȻСɶûˣαػҪ˷ҩģ㲻ǶаСɼᱳû˰㻹
ҿеεؿһۣ˵һ϶ŵͬʱ
ȳȥˡ
ʼٸ߷ɿر˳ȥ

ӵ£һֵֹġ
佻ֵؿĽݾһЦ
Ҳ֪治֪ϱǲǷ⺢ʲᣬСҾͷŲء
佻ؿĽݾһۡ
һǧҪݵ̫Ӻüޣ̽ҲвٻҶɽׯأ㲻ܰ¶Ƹ짷磬Լһ绨ѩ¡
Ľݾڶͷḧ˸ɱ⣬ȪսʮΪʲᶼڰﲻ֣
ǲ鲻ᶯ֣
ĽݾЦ֪Ͳ鷳ˣ¹ȥᣬ˵ʲҲҪѶϡ
ֻ¶ԷΪڻʹأʧһαԣһλ˴ֻ̿ͣ¶ⶫйء
үǱأ
ϴαֻˣΪбٳ𣿡
գĽݾվ΢΢ЦĻҲٷ绨ѩˣȥ£짷滻

ϣҸСڷ˺ܾҲӻ˵ֲˡ
ʵӶһǰһãҩԡҪҲҲľͰӦֻЦȻǰºͣȴ䵭˺ܶ࣬ңҵ۹е׷ӰҵȥҲеŵЦݡ
ĸоʹǰϲ¸ʱҲйǲ˵ϲ˶ӣ
ͻȻС࣬һԸҽķСҲ֪æʲᣬѾþûˡ
һڴͷ۾ʼɬ῿ڴͷ硣

ڰиои߽ҵĴͷͻȻ
ӡ
ϲشУֵȴĽԶ䳰Цݡ
̽ҵǰҶñ˵Сɣˣǵ˵ĻҪָͷһ۶ϣҪ㲻ϵ˻п޺
Ҫ
Ҵ㿪ĽԶĹ˿ãֻؿǰקסҵֺ֣ñִ̹ǵҾֵؿץסҵһָͷЦȥ
Ҫ
СɣСɣѡ
ϤҴнѣ͵ۣԼбڶӵĻһؿҡ
ԭΡ
ҴϢȫ亹æ̯ƣʮָˣȷԼΡ
һصȥ
ղŵ̫ʵˣֱҵԺﻹظĽԶĮЦݣҺһңͰ߸ȴҵľˡ
Сɣûˣûˡ
ӽ§ڻҵļͷοңϤΪԼٲİˡ
̰ؿڶӻұĽƽȴ᲻뿪Ļһֱ
ӣ᲻Ҫ͸ĹӺҵָһŤϣɮYˣҺ¡
СɣΰģСֱģȻΣҴϢɡ
š
ůĻҲ뿪ˣڶӵĻұĴϣҵһ쵽˲ϣΪӵǸΣ̲ס˫ֻסӣԼøһЩҸеӵ֮΢΢Ӳһ¡
ӣС˵˯󴲡
뵽Ҫֿ˯ңҪһ˯ҲңҾ;ԼĺԣҵͷСС˵ȴӵЦ
ðСɾ͸Сһ˯󴲺ˡ
ǲһֱ˯ڶӻˣ
ԭöණʧȥ˲žжҪСɣһҪʧȥˡ


51

ڶҵСޱͱȫߣӫѩһĳЦҸطȥ
ȥҲӷĹӺƢ
ӫѩĿ̶ֲȽС࣬ҴǻֻԴ䡣
һСɵϽʲᾢ
ĻȻ˳ӫѩעת˹ȥ
硭
ףҪҪе塣
߷ߵصӫѩΪʲ˵Ǹ⣬˵

ȴߵҸǰɫСɣҶɽׯժ¥̫ƽĽкö鷳Ҫƽʱںӣʵ˭ۣģҪϸң֪𣿡
ʶû֣صĸ˵ұѵͻȻѹСʵְ̫ˣ඼֪
Բ𡭡
˵еúܣ컹Ϸ԰Сءӫѩһ䡣
֪ӫѩѹŹ˵ģ˵öԣҪһ㣬ϸҡ

ҲǵҹŻһϾһСɣˣ㻹û˯
˯
ߵǰһҵСӣЦӫѩ˵Сɽܹԡ
æͷÿ춼ܹԵġ
ӽˣɵϣƽʱһչȥѹϣ˻ĳ˿
ӣĸ첲ˣ
ҿӸղ·ʱе㽩Ӳʱû⣬ѵǡ
ӳЦЦһˡ
Ҳţæǰḧۣ˺üɴһ򵥰ɡֻ˿ڣ۵úҳӣǲҪɱ㣿
һº͵һ˭˵Щʲ᣿
˭Ҳû˵Ҳµģ֪ǽлȪսɱʲģǶһɱ֣ӣҺú¡
ǲᶯСɵģСɲ¡
ҲǵԼǻ˺ӡ˵ӵĻס޵֪ǶҲҪҪúûء
еֻĴҵᱳЦҲģˣ˭СɵȻҲǺǵģֻǸ⣬Сɣٿȥһһ۵ģСıӫѩЦŶ
˼ģ𻹿ЦҲ˵죬ȴ

ӱƽ£ѹʹӵֱۣæƿʵӣ˭㣿
ڰжĬһʮ
ʮ

ʮ
ʮɱһˣǧﲻС
ЩС˵ģû˿Ľ߹ʮæʵӣһ߹ʮǰɣǸɱأǲɱ
ҲʮɱĶֻжֻǽ˽ֶѣṦܺãˡ
ֱҪ涯

ӡУӵ书ӦǺܸߵģȻʮĽ¡
ѵЩɱ
ӣǺˣΪʲǶҪɱ㣿
ֻɱ֣ɱֵûк˻˵ġֽСɣҪˣҴӦ㣬һµģ
š
ҵȻŶһ£һﰵһ

СɣСүСڣˣ㻹Ҫã
ҹڣӫѩʮ߱ظͬĻ
Ҳֻϰе
ĳ飬ӫѩСеģʲɶˡ

һ磬Ҿӫѩѯʾ飬붼˵Ƿ£ȻȥݷˣҪǰ֪ΪһһʱĻƴ
ӫѩֻʱΧ¿ʼɢÿתһȦǷ÷ڵòȥתȦֱתڶʮȦ֮ᣬ˷
ڻؼҵ·ϣӫѩһûڵظңⱲӾԾԲٴȥȻͱˣ֪ӫѩˣϾת϶ʮȦġ
ӫѩһӵԹûȥصժ¥ᣬҾһܵԺСͤϿ羰
ǴůļˣͤϴǼ£и˵˾͸ˣСС񶼰һ˭ҡ
ǰһˣƺ죬ȴ־ѹȥ˺ܾúܾá

緹ʱӲûлǰҺӫѩˣЩʧұѻӵء
극ӫѩʵǸӫѩǵׯǲժ¥ܽ
ǰ͸һ֡ףСɣʲ᣿
Ҳ˼ЦЦӫѩҵĲˣµҲã뵽ׯǱ߰æء
æ廨𣿡
ӫѩһĲмֻø͡ҵȻ廨һЩֻǿҲʶ
ʵҲãڶҲãҶӵĶ䣬ģҲȥһ쵽ǳԸ˯Ǻʲ
ΪӫѩֻЦңû뵽ҵĻ֮ᣬͷ˼ 


52

ӫѩ
ҿҲǣСһСڼµҲãȥׯСɣҪҪһȥԱ߲һ䡣
ðð
һ˵ȥׯæͷȴӫѩԴһƣȻ˵𣿹ӻ᲻
ȥׯתת佻ҲǱߣµġ
һ˵ӫѩͷӦ

磬̫ˣûҲ˧
˷ܵظժ¥

֪ǲ߶ԵʣԳ֮ᣬһֱקסҵҺУͷһֱʵ磬ȥҹС𣿡
ӹһ˿ãʲ᣿
ĿС˲ɣ
֪ϲСģΪʲ㲻ȥ˵أ
ЩҥǴģٺ˵С죡
ҷ˸ۣϣЩϲĻԼ׿˵

磬СǸȻЩ̱ĳܺõģ㵱ԼʱŻ㡭
죡
һŵ̹ԹԱ졣
װˣģףˡ
ұ첻˵Ҳûٳ˾Ĭׯׯǰ̾˿

磬Ԩ㣬˶ⳤ̾ʲã
ףԨʲ˼ͻȻ뵽ʣ
ֻһ̾ͱׯϷǿ˹ȥ

ɰ
ͷշһ̾;һѱׯ

ׯȥҪժ¥ö߽࣬ȥʯ̳ɵĿͥԺм߸¥ָ¥ҡר֯ĴǽĹ̨ұ˷佻Ӧþ
ǵǲǺܶأ
֪⣬籨֮һЦƶø꣬ҲҪõƷʹԺĺö֯Ҳժ¥ʹȥġ
Ŷ
û뵽ӾȻⶼ˻ʹԺȥҲԴʼʱ˧˧ӡ
ⷢˣĽֲڣҪݾ͵ǰȥ粻ɷ˵߽ұ߸¥˷
մڹ̨ǰ̧̣ۿǽЦӴСɣܵ
Ҵģ⺢ӳ˵̫ƣ뵽
짷磬Ҳ
ʲᣬСǸˣֲǹСȸ
Ǳģһ˺תתȥ¹
ǽǸߴ쾮ʹʹĳϷֱֱͬ꣬մǰĹ̨Ҳߣ̨ܵ棬մԵһã㿪ʼ㷭̨ϵһ˱ϧдһֶ

㿴ˣɻڼˣܹġմԱ˵
˵أæ̧ͷ˵µģմ磬ʲ¾Ͷˡ
㣿ЩҶһˣΪأҪС𣿡

֪Ҳʶ֣⻰ڼҾ죬ҿ԰˱
մҪ˵ֻһ˼ҴҴ߽չӣӣݼ
մһۣմò裬Ͼ͹ȥ
ȥᣬմͷ˵СɣҸȥͣܡ
ޡҽζط˱ͷҲ̧һ䡣
˱ȫŵǸ򿪵Ĺȥһѵĸ͹
ð
ֻҪлɾУҰڹϵ˱ϺãȻһŻĳЩ˱أ˺üأŰȫŻԭ
ʱ˽ʢˮĵ̰ڵϣЦеصүõġ
һæ˵СɾͺˣֻǸСˣү
ҪҪãүáЦ˵ϲ裬˵ǰ
ŵ˼
죬µģֲܵģһ뷢߰׵˼źң
˫ְѲӹȥлȻ˵Ĺܼ𣿡
ǵģү
һԻػζģǵһû֯أܴܲȥ
ȥ巻תתܱﱻźĺã˵һ԰ʲæ֪£һҹԵġ

õġ
õұ˳˿ģ˷ǰˣϰ

쵽д巻ŵǽϹһ޴ｭɽͼһɽһˮúϸ£Ҽǵö鷿Ҳͬһͼ˵Ƕǳׯˡ
ųŮǷǰͷͣȫƺע֯ϣȫûע⵽ǵĵ

ۣ巻ô󰡡
Щ࣬һ˰ɣ廹ǹӦ£ǶĿ
æһƣ˵Ǽƽ͵£ɲðϲﳳ֡
ͷСʵ巻ȫ𣿡
ֻǴĵطׯԶмҳӣǱҲһЩƷ֯壬үҪϲǾһȥ
ðð
˵һǰһٻļĵѾ˴µϵˮ龧Өƺʱȥһ㡣
氡һء
𾢣ͻȻС˵үȥȥ￴
š
һ˴Ҵ뿪ұְƵǷƷϣ۾Ŀ

巻߿ߣתһȦҲ̧ͷ¥ϵķ䣬Щʲõģŵȥ˵ԴģǻǶӲˡ 

 

53-54

ߵ¥֪ǻ͵ĵطΪմ
үʵǲ˼ΪЩƷҪͽүµ֯廹Ҫٵϼ죬үʹãү
ղ˵ʲݼģմ˿ں˵
Һ𣬿Եһȴǰ뿪ģߣ͵͵̽ͷȥֻжһλԼʮӣһǷķüйѱƣȲǳˡ
±ֻ֣͵͵һۣͷٿǵĶԻǼҵĶ
ֻһϵȻǵۿͣû˵һǰ͹ˣû뵽ãׯŸոտʼ֯壬չӣ㲻ҪҾҲҪĸ°ɣ
үʵڱǸʱ𸮵ĹܼʱǾѾ˵ҲҪ֮ϣѾڸϹˡ
չӣ˼˵ǿˣ
ҡ
ҿĽݾûүɣڻǺúܣҲҪ˾Լݣ
˵ӵĻأһү˵᲻ҲҪиᵽɣүʲϵ
ӿڵүժ¥κο˶һͬʣҶүа㲻֮ģ֯ǱصϹүʹá
ˣ

𾢣Ȼͷһ£һعͷҰڰ֣Ȼ¥
үܵȥ?λƢǱңҪǷ͵һġ
ѾڴˣƷϲʲ˰ΪʲմǶҪģ
ǻϵ׸磬Ϊһģү㲻ȥ̿ʹȥɡ
ǺȥģҶæﻹ˼ң˵Ҳȥˣҿһǻժ¥ˣͷմ˵һ
ɸͷүȥ
ãһֵ·Լȥˡ

ǳժ¥ȥ˭֪չչһ֣һӭ˹žΥҵͻȻһ͡
ӣ
ժ¥ÿңڵģҺ뵽ӣû뵽ڴȻʱҲңĿٿȻһǷһ˿΢Ц
ҺٿЦʵЦúܺÿֻտȥǰһЩüҲЩ㲡

Сɣ
һͼӿ첽˹붼תȾܣҪǱץס֪᲻ִһ٣СǿɼܲסĴ
СɣСɡ
ǻԽҾܵԽ죬ҺСȺﴩȥܿͰ˦˿
ҹսһƧСͷû׷˿ 
ӵ㲣֪ǲò˳ԵʣȻҲ㱻ǸʧǵӣһЩۡ
ǵóϦǣҵֻؼҵĴֺƣǵһʱҽڻļʵţΪϧͰȴԭǶʩᡣ
Щᣬգգ۾ס˽Ҫµˮ

ӵżͻȻòתĬĬ뿪С˭֪˼;ǰ͵һڣһҵͷ£֪˺£
ȡ
ԱһʹҲ˻ԡ

Ϻȣƺ沿ϵĴֻʹҺ㿪ϧȫһûУֻҶߵЦ
һûϳ˰ɣʱ򻹻˭㣬ں㣿ҸҾҪǣģǶԹ磡
ᴫȴ͸Ƣĺ⣬˭ң޵õҪỹҪɢᵹù
죬ģһʱ֮侹벻ˣ˭˭
񷽲ˣоֻ̧ҵͷЩζˮҵֻ˯˹ȥ

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׷ʲ£ᱻһĵط

ҵͷʼʹҼǵԼΪӶܽһСͱ鲼סȻиϤҶһֱͣЦͣЦ
ǣᵽ
ҲڣһĵĲˣҪȥҲҪ
͵˵դǰҡеҲץˣҳȥҳȥ

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ҾֵסӣþгǸûãҵĺ˿Ѱʹ˵ÿҾʹѵ
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Ļ͵ػعͷ˵ǸµˣֽŶͣǽߣ֧ҡ
ĵ̣˰̽ϷӶͷһֱ쵽޽ǣʹͺֿܴԵɲҷɢڼϣһ˫۾ڻ谵͵·ҰްĵĹâ

ᣡܣҲܻƵģҪӣҪ
һʧŷηö˶ͽͣЩϻһĴ¡
Ҽæ˵ߣקס䣬ƴƣϣܸʲطҵɤΪϷٵñͻհĺӾʹѰ
˲ͷ˦ңЦǲ֪
ڿͷЦһǳѺңǶӦ˭İɣ
ˣׯƢǸүʲ᣿

ĻżϽҵͷӵʹƴŤԼɤӣ뷢ǳɤԽԽʹ֮⣬ûκα仯ҲظͬĶֱ
ñưͣԶ˵
һˤڵأȴ˰ͷ𣬿ηǽϷһС촰þò˵֪ʲط𣿡
̱ڸɲϣȥش𣬳֮⣬κҶûȤ֪
ԴǳԵԣᷳҰޣǾҰΧˣ˱ҪȤˣԵıܣеĿ־壬ɺǰģЩֳĸҪҰ޶ö࣬Իʲܸ˷ܵģ
ƽƽĵȴҳԾ̧ͷ̹֮Ȼˡ
ֻΪޣҪ˵ΧѵЩ˵˵Ұ޻
ҵľȣǽϣһ󣡣Ĵ˸ǷҲǷɣֻҪбܳΧ֮⣬ӳˡ
ҲҪҪȥҳȥ
һĽͻȻͷֻһһݵӷ˵ǰкͷײѪ˳Ķǰ£֪Ƶģ˻ߵؽкֹ
㿴Ҳһ֪˭Īı˽㻹ǵùóҲͰˣȻ˶ֹؽ


Ҳ֪Լ㲻Ϻÿǲġ
һĪĵ״Ҳ˫գҵ־ͶԽԽ
ģⲻģ
Բ̣״綷ҵģÿһ£Ƥͻ֮ȥľľûκθоƤӣ촽ͳһţֲøղܾÿ嶫ԭ
⸱ģҪ˵˲ϵң¾ԼҲʶԼ˭ݶŪֳ֮ᣬӵ
Ժ̸аס
ĽԶ
һеڶóն£ҲΪʲң޵ĵҵĻǶŹ
ſڸɲϣһƬңǸޣ˺ѵĿ޺ϵһжġ

֪˶ãһŲ˽ͬʱηе˶˷ܵ˵ſڣſڲݶ϶ûǰһš
ˣԱ˲ܣ㲻ԣһľ㣡
ҶѾˣܳȥû˻ʶңҲû˻ټǵҡ
ͷһŵӱǰ˳
ҲЦˣҪҪӣʶҡ
͵˵ſڣһʳҲʲᶫƴ
˵ûܲпܻһûأΪʲҪϣҪӣ˵ʲᶼҪ
ҲǶӶ˵ԵʣǶٷԵú㣬ܺ۵һǼֳͷеĲ˶Եһʣ̻ʵļƣǸ˵Щ档
СС壬ͦܳԵ

극ڵԱĻȻڣⱾΪĻû뵽һϣߣҾֶ˼ģ˿ҵֻһ뷨Ҫӳȥ

ÿһһҾ֪ǹһ죬ļһ죬η˳ʪ⣬ûܵĵطһ͵ʳǷʢĲˣһָ˵ƵĲȣԵĺãӲǿ׳ܣԵɱƴǿܱܵһ伴Ҫгɾ͸еöࡣ
һָǸˣڸֵʱ򣬻ҿֻûСֵָԴ˵ǰǽһ֪ɱ˶ˣβ˵⻰ʱЩ˸Ҹеʵлû˵
ģұȻһָη£ԭ˴Ǹһǳ˽ǴӸôƵΪιģ˵ϾһҳסȸҪõö࣬ԴȻҲܴ̹֮Ȼ
ΨһǱսľֻҺǸˣǸݵƺһֱܽʵÿ춼ϼѵĿ޺ҿʼͬģܿľˣ˵ЩᷳΪ˵ĿֺϽŮ޳еһա 

 

55-57


η˼죬ҵɤѾˣԾ޷˵ʲ޴ӵ֪ΪҸȥѾϰ綷ĸоͶĲѽʧ
磬Ǹճ緹ȴһ˵ЦǰȻһ˹֮ߵηǰ
㿴εÿ㶼ǴҴҴȥģһؿһҪúһ
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Ҷڶһָ͵͵ȥֳ˳⣬ĽݴӾȻҲڣΪ˾Ȼ£Ķŵ˵ҲѪȵ¸ȤӺͳһ𵹲ϡ棬٣Ȼϲġ
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ȴЦʵүһȺϻԱ߻ֻСӣ
ȻǸǿﶼУԲŻȤ
˵Ҳǣүܵ

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ŶҪ˵Ӳʶңϵó˭Ҳδػȣ侮ʯҲ˵
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Ӳһ仰ó죬غһת˳ȥǵ뿪ʱ

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Ǳ⣬ʶ۾ȴ±ʯӰסһˤ˳ȥ̾ǰ䴦һû𣿡
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תͷȥ뿴ȴӵסҵߣǸ˵粻֪˵˺δ
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ڰңֻҪĻȥҾһͿܳȥ

ǱһƬյϣȥܾƽ̹ĲݵأԶִԴԣֲľ
Χˣ˸Ͳ²Χڣһ޼ʵΧͷһߣԶһ˿Ʋʡ
վһţǰѴҵȡÿɾĿ۵Զһ㡣
ﲢƥǰ˵ǳˣǸӺŵӣһƮЩָɽ֮ơ
֮гºʹӼһЩ֮⣬ĽԶȻҲڣȻ汻ס˰ӣҡǰʶģҾ֪ץһ

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ͻȻһ˸ȺзܳȥһûӦ죬һö˵ģɼᾢֱֹǰɳһ׶Զ˵ڵأĵļ᲻סĲȴûϢ
ķȥֻǸԳڿУ΢Цȴ֮
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ӷ״ñѺ˶ʱӷľ֣ͻȻɱһӰ٣һļݣη֮һľıȻײԡ
ףµĵˣãǱúãС˵öԣ˲Ż᳤ꡣ

ĿɨǣȵǿԾܣֻҪܳΧ⣬ǾˣΧֻһͨ棬ܲܳȥͿǵˣҴڿʼһ֮ԾʽʼԣڣǾ;ܰɣ
һȣǶʱһɢɱȥҼղ˸ҽĻ̫ķܳȥҺ峿Ū嶫λá

ΧʼƽԭܹһЩľݴԱ֣Ҳ֪ΧжԶֻͷǰ壬һٸܿͻȥЩԵģҲܵùǡ
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УҲҪӿٶȣ
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ʱŪ˽ŸɱʲҲסƣ֪Ƿټȥ

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꿴ҵ׹¶һСذһȭ۵׵˵ϣͷҲһȳһյǰֱȥ
᲻ԶͣûͷҲܸоǼɱѱԼ
ԭʱסԵˣ͸սһݲðʴȵģ˼£Լ

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£ܾѾ޴ˣҸղſļ֪ԼͶ㲻һ
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һ˵תܣղ㻺˿ҿʱƴǰȥ
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һ֧ҵȲԶԶǰĲݵϡ
СȴһʹҲס˿ڶѪ˳ָ£ò࣬һֻǲˣȻ۵úܣش
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ҿû£ǲæɿ챼˲ݴԶϺͼͷ˶Ǻأܡ
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Ϊϳңڲϳ񿴹һңҲҪ˵ҸҪҲҡ
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ǲ˵˻
֪Լܱ˵˵˿ԾΪʲתߣĻᶼң
ûɵػصӵķ䣬ҩ£ȻԼһԴ㶡
Сɣǲʲ²ģ
æҡͷ

մҽúܸӵľ֮ǰ࣬󲿷ʱԵģӲǸ໰ˣҲǰǰ޹˼ɵˣԷǺܾҾúܲ
ӿڴͷעңұЩȻӣڿҸ㵹ɡ
ҲʣСɣ
ߵǰȻ־ͱȥ˵Сɣǰ¸𣿡
ʵûӦ׳ڵھǧſڣȴʼսв
ֻ̾˿ҪǿˣʵʲᶼһСУҲ¸ˡ
ӡ
Ӳӻͳһݵǰ׹СɵģСûȥɡ
˿׹ҵǰڶҵһǵõʱҲ鲻ãóҿĵģѾС꣬ҡҡͷ
ӿЦҪ𡭡СɣϾǹҵġ
ǲǣ룬æСó˵ΪСˣ㿴СĶϻҵأ˵Ͳ˵͵ˡ

ҿ˼ĶСþãȻĿңϸһ㵭į
һüأռǵսĽŵʱǰֵȴСɵЦԭǵͷ֪ʲҪģСɣΪҵ˽ȥǲǣ 

 

63

ǰģӵԵӰӰ´¡
ǰģıԶɢ˸˵ĹʣڣƽͰˣҲؿʼʹ
¸磬ûй㣬ûУ

¸硭Ҳ̲סʹ˳
Сɣһȥ𣿡
ҡ
˵һĻشӵľֹס
ҲӣʹԩңһǺݲҲ𣿻ҸͲ
һŵﲻϻһ뵽ӦӣܾҲЦʱҾԥ

סҵֻ˿
ˣСɡ
һ죬ǿ׹ѱ÷顣
¸硭ҳԾĽ
ӽƵ𴦣ٿң׹СɵģСɼȻҪҲûµıҪ
ǡ
ҼǵĽԶ˵ӵĸǰܾأ
ʲᶼҪ˵СɣԱһɡ
˵۾ٿңƽϲƺʲ¶ûӺƽҲ֪ǲ˯ˣһ仰Ҳ˵ᾲһ

ʱ֣Ӻմһ̽ӣҼɫѿﲻЩ£ûпңֻѯһӵĲ飬Ȼӫѩѷ˶ȴҷ÷
˵ʵǸְܲСˣԴӽĽݸǰ˼ӣź÷Ҳãڱ˫۾ҵ־͸кüζ֭ӵϣӫѩ־ӵǰæù־ҵزŪĵطȴץסҡҡͷʾ򶨡
ҵѾǺˣ̶գһֱյӸ˲õһ뿴˭ȴû̧ͷ


ͷٯٯԣΧȫΪĽݾŭԽԽңҲ޷͵סһת̤˳ȥ
ŭͲʴ˿̳ӯţĽݾضһ֮С
֪ܵ޴󰭣˵̽˵ŲǸС
Сʧٵһ֪ģΪСɣϵİˣ֪СɱڳΧᣬԥľȥˣǲ֪ɵʱʵǹ˲ˡ
ǸСɣѾժ¥ȴܵ³Ļ̾СɣɳеǵȥֱǸ죬иСС˻ڽУӣӣĶʱ
СɣҵСˡ

ǺӲûһضԼϵ˻ûкȫͿʼ߲ϢչܣѵС˵ܱԼҪ
ΪĹģԴǿССģһжԶҪʹ˺СɣСɿҲȻûһ⡣
ǰ𣿰㱻ƭ㱻ȴԹ޻ڡ
С⼸ҹܴͷںȫܣȥ⣬ҪԼĽݾ;ԼһиɵûʲĻµˣû֪ȴϷ֣Լޱȡ

СǰЩٶֻһɣˮץסľһɾǸùĸľȻʱеֵֻҪд󴬾ͻᱻԥ
ǿЦСɣںչȥһ˺õʲᣬ࣬ǿССĿΪ֣ͣ
ΪʲҪɵĽݾݵλֻҪ֣ʲŮ˲ȡαΪһСǸʲطֵԼΪ

佻첽׷Ľݾƺûע⵽ɫԾЦСɻǿɰҿǺСҲ붺
Ľݾ͵ͣ½Ų佻һʱղסţײϣЦǸʲ᣿
ûЦգһƷĻ
佻һʱŴ졣˵ʲ᣿һƷĻڵҲҪŶӵȵ¸¡
ȥҰãͱھˣĽݾһ仰Ȼת˿ȥ
佻Ŵûϣεҡҡͷ
Դ׵˹Ȼ

Թַӷҩ˯ȥұ㽫ǽסҵָһûзӦվ˳ȥ
ظѾˣҲҪƽӣȻڴϺú˯һ⼸һֱڷӣ˯ãҲú۰

͵ӳȥССӰĽ̲סЦһῴ綢סʱһĲúԹῴСɲ뽹С˶ȴͷ˰ɡ
ʵϲǶǸ
֪Сȫʹÿƽ£סģҲҪסˣǡ һ죬˶סأ
ǸӿȥܵȴǿԺʱȴ쳣ĴܵС󣬹ؼʱȴ˵ĵ
Ľ·˽Сɣ˻ģûס
ԭЩЩ˾Ǵˡ

ҰѴ鷿䳡ңͨͨһ飬ɾûӵӰ
ӳȥûɰڵ
һ˺üȦ۵µΧϣڵشϢ
Сɣ
ӫѩӳȶ߹ڸĵ¿ȥЩ
ӫѩ֪þá
ҹʲ᣿Ǳ߲չ𣿡
ӫѩĿЩ죬ҽǹ
ӫѩӫѩˣӵҼæǰסӫѩ
һа԰飬ȻӫѩһָԺϣΧǽǼ᷿
ллӫѩ
ӫѩһ£Ȼһ̵ᱼȥ 

 

64

ԺǽǱߵ᷿Ȼƣæų˽ȥ
ӡ
ݵ컾µĻסĿڴؿǰһУлϲһ˲仯Ϊ
⽫ϾһӰյ
һʵŮбڶӵĻЦҧһǣŮӳĺڷֱӵĵطͷŮӵ㷢޳ָŮᱳһĵʱĴ
аѵڽǱ˻Ҫʹҵɴ۾ӣǷŭġÿÿ춼ڵΪ˼һ滹͵͵ȴͱŮ˻һ𡭡

ûϵӻͻȻܽǾ㵵Сڻ֮µĽݾʱڵۼĻȫӿﾹûɵ
æǽ˵סȵȥ

û뵽ᱻ˺ȳ⣬ҽҧס´һԲת˳ȥȴҲ̲ס˳۽
ԺͶʶҰ䣬˭֪ΪһŮңΪϲңңԭС֮ʲᶼǣ
ᣬ⣬ܿҲ˳ĳǴҴҴȥģЩңǰ볨¶һĨͭɵţǿҵĿȴˮ
ʲ᣿ﲻ𣿡
ίޣʱӵġ
Ŀģɱסӣǰȥƽ͸㡣
ҴӻͳƽͰ͵Щ˼ԥһ²Űݸӣ㶣ỹǽӵУҲæģߣͲ˺ˡ

ĽݾĵﶼеСС𣿻Ǹ˳ʣµٶ
ǰųڼСĽݾŭĽݾʲˣֱ˶ҪҪ£һ㽫ƽӵĲݴ֮С

ӣ㡭
׶Ϊʲѽӵֵƽӵæסĸ첲صӵƽǺܲģ֪֪ж飿ûҸͻز

ƽֽûйϵ֪һ˶پȥ
Ľݾסֻ˦ʲƽƭ˵ģֻɵϲŻţ

ҲŲɵϣӫѩ˵µķģ
˵ʲ㶼ţɵʲ᣿ֶ̯һǮһ㻨˶ǮģͷܼǮ֧


ǰˣ¹¶ӵҲģҲԼʲᣬǵö᲻ˡ
ȴתһߣ˵ܻҶɽׯСɣҲһȥɡ
ʲ᣿
Լ˿ĻҼǼг
˵ȥɶӾģҴû뵽Ļߡ
˶ˣҲûȥˣң㲻Ҳһ𣿡
ǲǡ
Ҽز֪˵ʲźãӢӣҵ촽˰죬ջѡĬ
Ҳ֪νͣҲ֪ýʲᣬ֪Լ˵ʲӶȥģҹȥϲ᲻ͬ⣬ֵܣңֻǸʮˡ

¹¶ӵ齥תΪƽͣƽ΢ЦָϣСɣģϴǼ£һúôģҪϲҲʱ棬ǲǵ뿪ժ¥ͳԲիĵˣǸɵӡ
Ϊʲ˵ɵҲŲɵΪƽΪɵҵ㰡Ҳ뿪ҲΪʲģֻǣֻһ𡭡
ȥʰһ°ɣոһȥ
͵ӣ³ÿ仰׶ĵʹ
ҿ˵껰㷵߻ط䣬ǰعϣҲ֮һжˡ

ԭһα߿ˣ߿һΪԼڲʵǱʩģ˼ҪջʱҾֱߵ˵
һ㶼ںҲϰߣǲںҾͲҪãҾϣ֮ᣬȴҾ

ɽǱߺܺڣڲݴ˺þãҵűӵƽĶ˼ҸûֻΪÿһ£ڱж޲ɼ
ҽҵƽ߬ߣȹ䴦ӫѩվ
Сɡܵǵؽһ
ûĬĬ˹ȥ
һӦֻһſеĿͻ緢Ѿˣٱ˿Ц


ĽݾڴϣŮһط̣WĽεκ飬ԵЩƣʹֺǰˣɶԷ˿ûлӦ飬ŮЩˣղҲ˷ܵġ
Ľݾ񴩹żֺЦԶȷʵû¸ŮСѽ˼ȫߣ˭˵ԵĽݾֻ֪˿ȴΪ˼
ȥɡ˵һ䡣
ĵЦ̼佩Ľݾ΢˫Ŀ˻ֵһ˾ȥͰɡ
ллүŮ˸ȥȥϡ
Ľݾڴͷ
ȻѾ֣˼ֻĥԼǣסģǸӣ쿴ſɰӡ
СɰСɣ㵽׸ʲƣҾǷŲ㡭

洫ӫѩ˽
ĻūǷԴɨˣ
ѾͷͲһ
ĽݾҡҡͷСͷСŮʱ޿κΡ
ɡ
ӫѩ߽Ľݾ£֪ûʲùСѾͷĽݾЦǲǺɵ
ӫѩãص˱ɵأɵܼص·ȥٹһʱֻΪһ֪鲻ƽ
ͻһĽݾæʵСɹһʱ
ס˵ĳ飬Ҫһʱ
˼ţ
ӫѩĽݾһۡһŻ㻹ҪţǸСɵ˵ΣգһҪƽŰġ
ʲʱ£
Сɱ˹ߵˣ⺢һֱϣһ͸ɡ
ʲ᣿СרΪƽ𣿿ȻΪǱʣĶͰӵˡ
ĽݾõСŮһۡ᲻˵
ӫѩתʼʰ죬ͷҲûأֻƵصѵ˵ʱūҶ죿˵ӲѾҪС˵˵ʲ𣿡
û𣿼ȻСҲûΪʲỹҪ֣

СɣǾͿȥȥǱߣɲһģɾûʲˡ
ɶСѾͷǴĵġ
ĽݾѾ˲úӫѩƽˣæ첽ұȥ

ֻһյСС͵ƣĽݾһ䣬ͿǸС˶СǽǱϣһָסͷһţԼû
Сɡ

65

̧ͷǰˣﲻߣҵ
ղʱͷۣѾˣʵҲûʲᣬǻط𣿶һС˵²һ
ǰ˫ϥͷӵľСɣʲ᣿
СǹӾȵģ˶ǹӵģС£Сһȥ
Сɡ
С˶ʲ᣿ĿͷͲ
Ľݾ۵ǰĺӡɵӰʲ᣿

ǰУұǸֻᶺ˿ĵɵϰɣ
ƿӣҧס򼤶ͣ˫СݵǰС껹ӣСڴ˰ݱ𡣡
ӱĽݾ͵һСһƽյӽرһþǿؿ
ղŵǷ⺢
С͸ģͳĶҲջأҵģһͳˣյû

С껹㣡ʩĶҲŲҪҰСڶԵϣС˵Ǹ
ǲ֪˵⻰ʲᶼˣ֪һٰӻǱӣοǰ˶ˣкˡ
С࣬Ǹʬɡ
ǽҵȴһůĻұסе㴭ŵģƿȴ᲻á
ˣ˶Ҫˣһһɡ
Ұ۾ϣǿϣ춶еϢǰҳ
Ƕȴ
ɵϣ׳գȻ˵ҸĶʩ᣿֪֪ѰǵѡֻС꣬Ϊ˶㿪ģҵ㣬㣬㣬Ȼʩ᣿
ʩᣡ˵۰ƭ˵ģ
ҵ̲סһйҲеһҵɵϺģ˾һ߿ҵĺû˵˵ѣұˣͰƸӡء
Сɣ
ίĶһ˳ҪˣǾͰѻ˵ˣǱЦѣѵұЦû
קӵĨ˰ˮ޵ʲᶫǸСˣѵָںΧұһ׷ɱҪΪټ㣬ҸΪͰ͵ȥ͸㣬ȴӵˣɵϣұɵϣɵ㶼߿ˣȴ᲻ߣ뿴һۡ
촽͵ıס˫ҵϣĻȫ˻ȥ

ȥˣ˭֪ੲݵС컹˵ʲĵĻ
ĽݾҲǰסźСǴһСС⣬ȥģԽǴӵĶСڣЩ֪С࣬һ𣬴˱ķӦĽݾеһĪ鶯ֽӿ۽Уӵø

ʲ״
ҵɴ۾ֽӴʲ˼ҲĽӴܱԼϲİҸеÿġ
ǡ鷳㲻Ҫòãҵʹ޷ˡ
һ춰ҷ˿ҵǵͨ죬Ĵڴ
СɵϣñӺ֪𣿡
̧ͷ϶ϷʵĿ⣬Ҳ˱Уģ᲻
˭˵ҵСɱóˣСɻǸǰƯ
˭˵ģǱͭӫѩֳƣҪᱻߣ
ȴɫһ䣬ʧеСɣ㲻ΪԼǸӰɣ⼸춼ûվ𣿡
Դϴͭ￴ųᣬҾҲûùӣڱͻȻ뵽ʲᣬæܵһ澵ӡ
ֳͭһźұӣҿĵһѽ˦һߣ
ұˣұˡ
ɵȻɤ̵ָܻȻҲֲָܻﶼû͵ĸоأʲʱģ
ᴫ޿κε
ɵӣмʱѾָˣ㲻ܣ
ԭˣֲһ۾Ͱ˳ֲӫѩ޹˼ɵĶ䳰ȷ뵽һǳӵĻӫѩ˵ҵġ
֪ԼѾˣһʲ᣿

һعͷϲΪ
Ȼڿն𣬶ǰұĴϣסҵӣȻֽҽס
ͷǲǻ䣿
ɵɵֻ֪ҡͷ
̾˿Ҳɵ˱ȻұڻУҵͷСɵϣҵСɵϡ
ҡ
ͷһůʪ촽Щˣ̶ʼգ˵ʲҲһɶ 

 

66

Сɣϲ㣬ӼһϲˣϱһǷʲɣҪֻһҲأ
ףûɣ˵ϲңһ侲
֪㱻һϢʱжԼ˵Ҫã㣬㣬Ŀࡣ㿪ģҲÿģҹܲԼú㱧ڻúõİ㣬ɵᣬȴӿˣңҪҷִ˯ҲףСɣ㣬޲ðĶ͸㣬ΪʲȴܣҲߵģСɣҪʲڰ£
ƹ¶ؿңҾ˺ߣҲúܣܣһΣ˵ϲҡ
ǡ
ںҿǲǣղ㻹׵ңҪߡ
˵ίر졣
ЩΪҼʣȣҹܲסԼҲ֪ҪСϲңˣȻſ㶼޷㣬ᣬҾֻа˩ߣߣҲ㻹ܵģⱲӶᣡ
ʣӼҺһ
ǣǱȵİ֪жϣڶߡ
עңصСɣܺ𣿸һÿ춼ֵģҪϲʹԺĵҲŪ
ǺǡԭϲңǺϲϲ֣Ϊʲ᲻˵Ұװģ̲סǺɵЦ
СɣСɣˣ㲻Ҫҡ
һǺٺЦӽŵҺÿģҰͷ굽˹С˵ӣʵҺϲأ֪֪ж㡭
Сɣ˵ʲ᣿

ûǾˣĻҿɲ˼˵ڶ顣
ȻûŹңҴӻﾾ˳֣ص˵СɣղŵĻ˵һ飡
ԼһȸճĴϺҪ죬ٱ׷ʣƿӣת˭֪һأѹ˶Ļ̧һ˫ϲӡ
Сɲ԰˵ġ
㣬ΪһǸսĽݸʲᶼСľй
oһȥ
һֵֻ̽ҵĻУһ͵ظԺȫհ
Ȼֻȴ˻ȥһգҵҲһգĪʧа

˵Ͳ˵ɣҲˣ˵СɵʵҲɵСҪǲϲңΪƽ
һ̧ͷǸԼƽڶӵһСɣ͸ҵõһһֱأ
ҡ
ܻشȴһ§סﶯֻܶƽ˻С
㣬㲻˵һǮһĵ̯ҲŲҪ㣡ȴԽԽ
ԲСɣҸղ˵ĶԭҺ𣿡ϷʵЦݣض˵
ұ콫ͷŤһ߲ȥղŻɵϣףҲŲҪԭ
Ӳ˵ЦѵˮסҵĶͷգбǼ⣬ÿһ£˵Բˣ΢΢ᴭƾӵİ
ǸκҲ֪ԼǲΣǵĻǾԶҪˡ
ⲻΣӵһҵ룬⣬ǲǰĶ˵ˡ
ùҵһֻ֣ҧһҵʳָǲ۰۾֤Ρ
ŲأЩģӹ̵ºлգöӿҵΣҳ
ȻӱӰס˶ãȻһҪѱһֻסЦСɣ㶯ء
Ҫ˵Щ˵Ļòãƿֻ֣ȴӾƽѹڴϣҸůĴҵߡ
ҵĿߣһҿӿֵĵζ̲ס˱ĲҵĸԽԽȣԼɤ޷ѹֵȻϱЩҵֱӸҵϣӴද
ӡ
ѷֲǰһǷξΪҵǿʼǣǰһƬʣ¶ЦЦԵӰӰ´£ָɱ棬ҵǰᱳ͸βϵظһ𶥵Ŀֱҵͷ
ȻĴҵĿƵҵļΣ˱Ҽϵ˺ۣСɣҲˣһúñ㡣
ӣҪ
Ҫ˲Ҫˣļ¶ĺܲˣŤܿǿɶָ鶯ࡣ
Ҿ
ӵĻ˿ڻȰҼסĦңҸеļͦҵСϣܵĽӴ˷ܵҪ޳

СɣҺ𣿡
š
̫׽Ҫ飬ʲᶼãֻҪľͺá
ٶȱʲסҸе˫ȱطֿееĽ룬ʹͻƵʧУҽסԼӸܵϣҷҧ򢣬Ǻͼͷ֪Ϊ˼Ǵδйʹйܵļ飬ҾֻǽӵסĶһ䡣
ⱲҶҪ뿪㣬һһҶԶߡ

 СɵûκμҲûж֢״Ľݣ㲻ҪòãմҵܲͷضԾ˵
ҵȻ֪СϵĶѾˣͷ۵ú˵ʱѪܵʱҲͷۣҵǲʲ֢֮Щǵ˵
ĵȻܺˣ׿ڻĻ

һҾͷֻ˼ӵһҵԴƽھǰ촽ʪһ㣬ֻЦСɣʶĵһ죬ͰҵŪʪˣû뵽ëڻûء
ǺܾǰˣҼǵҺ;һʱ˯ˣʱҲˮ˰ɡ
̫ˣҰͷĸͣҿ
ҿû˵ȥڻҵʵ۲ۣ
̫ۡ
ЩǺۣʵʲᣬҵҲ̫ףӦǺܵ˲飬ϧҺ·˯ȥˣҲιȥˣǲ̫
ӣ˵佻ɣ̫ˣ֪û㣬ɵɵģ˿Ҳ֪ͷۡ
Ҫ˽ñ˿һûɵ֪۵ĸоҲҪȥ
ǾҷĻᣬҴ·Һᱧڻһ·մҩҡ
һ·˺öྭļҶѾһЦӫѩͷЦӣɫȥСɺǺܺء
һҲҿԣֻǰͷھĻֻʲᶼ
죬ỹȥˣôҲһ֮ںԼľֹ

ҿմ粢ûаҽˣûϻһҽҩң˵Ͼƿҩݸֱմ֪ʲ᣿
㲻ǺΣΪϾͿԻȥˣ˭֪ģһҪմҲ鿴ͷʹĲ֢
޹˼ɵ§Һܲ˼Ťӣµأ˭֪ȴ§øСɣҪҶ

մһЦǷ˸ۡ
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Ťͷ򾲷ѯʵĿ⣬ЩΣ˼ȴûнӻ
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մĻѶæʵǻǵ˵ʲ᣿ΪʲҪӣ
Ｗ֡佻˼˵Уû¿µٺͲҪˡ
ٺҪϧæеմ磬ҪĻĺˣ˵իֳ˺üµġ
СɣС˳ԣ㻹֪ʲ᣿

˳ԣҵȻ֪ܶ飬˵³һָǸ²ͨ˵ͳĹϵܺ
һ뵽 æתʵ֪ұץ˳Χ 
ûػմȴԱһؿңָʵСɣʲ᣿

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Ϊʲÿ˶ĽԶ첻ȥᾲһ̵Ķ˵ǰᣬϾͺͺˣûҪΪһ˺;ֱŤǲǣ 


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˾ˣҪٶСˣ»ĺƵҪСĲС
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Ϊʲ˾˿ֱϵأ
ЦЦ±ֻһܽеá
ޣԭ̫̫Ĺλϵ䶼ƺҲ³Ȼ𾴡 


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ϧҵİŲûκʵãֻһ뾲ҵĻ֮УҺԽԽϲĸְˣھнһһֱ´浽ҹ


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ۡ
һӱһѰС߳ŤСԴĵʵСԹԣƯģ
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ֵؿǰٴеĸˣЩС֣С̲С߶ѣҪҪӦǿ


һ³һҪ賓С̣Ϊʲ˵ҪΪһƪµ˹~~֪λǷȤ˳Ҳ²С̵һ˭
С̳˺һ̰ԺͷԺ֮⣬һ̰ƣҪССߣͷɾԲСӴ~~~ 


С̺ܹԵģŻС̵Դ
СɣҪҧˡ
ӫѩĻЩˡС̲Ųҧˡ
СɰС̸ҿ𣿡
ðҵС̵źС̣Ҫ㣬㲻׼Ƥ˵ġ
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ҵöС̹ȻԴֹͣŤ
һҪ˵һѱһߣ˫۽ס㵽״ŪּѪĶߣȻһֻ֪֪ҪСһڣͻûⲻµĺӣҪ𣿡
ЩҸоĲҲסıƽʱ
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СỹԶ
մһԴЦֲˣݳԷģСɣ˵ûûûã

ΪѵĿС̣ԼĴҵŤӣæС̣ҪԹˣҲûĶԲԣ
Сڼ˻ὥֹͣ˷ͷһͰӡ
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С̣Ųʲɡ
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մֵ˵ҸСߵһ֮Եǰȥ置̽ѣ֮Сߵʱ̳ϽܴҵĤݣ짷磬ǻ᲻置֣
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ҪѰСɿˣСɣǴģ
ҴͷһۣͿСǰˣһΪ͸ҵء
СɣСϣһ߸㵱


˭ѱɷǵĴϣҪ㻹СɣܿһԶСĺӣ짷Ľݾʵ
ڶԸĽݰɣ¸˴ΧѲ˹ϵ佻Ƕߣ´ξͲ֪ʲˣĽݣ㲻ÿζˡ
֪ĽݾǸв֪ĺӵ佻ҳʲ£չСɡ
ں˵ʲ᣿ɱժ¥ҲǺ۸ģ̣Ҫ
ⲻɱģĸɱ֣˱ӵֶΣ
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佻ȴ˭˵ɱⲻ¶棿ϴСɺӣ㲻ɱֵװʲ˼

Ľݾٴ𻰣С춿Ķ΢΢Сﲻ̾˿ɰĺӰûߣ죿
춽߿յɱ⣬ֵö򶨣Ȼ㷲ʮ֮ᣬĽݾԼ԰Ľͷһβ˻ɡ
Ȼʮֻǿƽ֣ԶԶʮ֮ϵɱ⣬ӹʱ׷ 

71


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72

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Ϊ˷ֹС̻ᱻץȥ߸ֻ÷һС߼ƽϡ

صժ¥ӫѩΪССõңԱ߷˼ʢƺ͵ĵС룬Ȼ˵ӽסҪȥʰһ᷿뿪
մһȥ鷿Ų֪ЩʲᣬҺģֻܴڷС̣СںʢĹᣬǰֻͷְβģһֺҵӣҶ署Ļ˻ɣʲһ̰̰˯С
ף԰Щ˵ԼΪǰƣС̲ճҵİɣ

ڽļæÿ춼ģһ͵͵մм¥ʧ£Ͼ͵͵⼸ˡ

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ƽʱһûлҸӫѩһᣬְѴĹƺ͵ιС̣¯̴㣬Ժƺ˰ұ˴չ˺СɣǧҪš
ӫѩӦһͳһֱԣã洫İӫѩȥЩվ߶ﻹһԶ̽Ҵûġ
һĪĿ־ҵͷ֪һңΪΣգ԰һ˹ӫѩտǲԣҲھµʱ
Ƶԣҧȥʹ֮£ҵһ˹

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ĻȻҲΣյʱ⡣

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˻һСѴڵǰҼӫѩ˵ͨĻæС̣ǲ֪ȥ
С̲Ըذһβͣƺ붯ѣŭȹƵĻ̴ȥ
С̼һǰȥҲһ㶣ֻСߣҵƢһ
Сε鷿Զ±ͣԴ߸𣬲ţƺܼӣȴǰ
ļҽҹ̶ٵĵͺһӰӴڴɵ˳ڵϢ¹⣬ҿյĵմѪ
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˽ԴҰףư֮벻ķۣȴ֪ժ¥鷿ʲᶫֵҹȡߣ¸Ͳ£
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¹Ȼ⣬Ҿ˵ǻһһʲö

Ӧ𣬽սִ֮˳ſ͵͵ݣƹ𣬵ɫ˸ֻͨӰǷɣ˸ļңŵ鷿ҲӭѪҵͷ͵һΡ
ǽǰҶֻҪ¾ͺãﲻæֻþηηţ˫ļԽԽľǰغҼ綼մѪѪ¹Եúôۣһܣͷεøˡ


73

մ磬缰ļҶּսһţ¥ϴȥĺ˱մסһս־Ȧ⣬
Хٿ죬³Ծȴ㺮⼤ŲңĳȻ֣³ЦУֱɴ̣ƽ¡

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Ϊʲ᣿
ȻԷɱֶҵĿһ࣬ײеĿ˿ԥͲ̣ҵȻһ
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飬ֹۣЩ̱ȴСɱ֣һǸˣСǱݵģǰһ
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СһЦǸɵϣͷβҶ㣬ûժ¥ÿ׽ˣıҸÿһۡ
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С࡭
Ѫ۵СǰϵĻζ͵شо˹
ѴԼĴϣڴߣ΢ЦҵĶͷʵСɣ˯ú𣿡
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ֻŪ࣬ҺҪ
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С˵ÿҶһҲɱ⡣
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ɱս¾Һӵ£ɱⲻС࣬ûɾǡ
С࣬Ϊʲ᣿ 


74

ҿС𣿡
΢һԥæǰס䰧㣡
ҵֱƿصСɱ֣ͷβֻ㣬ǲúá
һͻĲӿ˻еСǲǳ£
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ƿǰˣЬ˲ôⱼȥ
С಻Ҳʲˣʲݣֻ֪õѣ
Сɣ
ӱǸůůĻסҵ˵Сûû
ᣬȥ

ĽݾעԼĿ⣬Ŀлңоһ˿ڼĺݺݵһ޿κεľɽ
ĵĺӣڴһҹǣĵһ仰еȴǱ˵֣ǸҪɱɱֵ֣
СɣΪʲҪں֪֪ĵɱҵģҵҪǸɱֵҪ

֪Լ޷ܾǰ˵һĽݾ̾һЬҴȥ

һʯΣʪȳζҵĺȻһͣͷԼʹϮ˹ϤѪζҰͲסеľţƿסҵ֣첽˽ȥ
ӳĹ⾰ҵˮ޷ѹֵӿ˳ŭͱʹͬʱҵǻʹüվֱ
ҲֳһߺϢ磬ߵбǽϵСߡ
Ǹ԰ʲ¶ںСǸϲϷʳңȴֹңչңӵߵСΪʲ鶯۾һĻҰף
С·޳ڲѪĲճϣѪ˳ˣ˲Ҳšһֵ״˫شڵϣǸס˫۵ֱʯǽ֮ϣС޷վ
СӣĶͷ޴ĺף˳ͷһֱգȥǱв³Ѫ˿絶
֪һŹС࣬ΪʲҪ̣ΪʲҪĥ
粻˵ϲС׹ȻСӲᣬÿζһֺС࣬һǱŤΪǲǱ˴ڻϲΪʲᣬֻһϾȫˡ
ҲεģεСͲҾκԴС࣡
մһ짷磬ᡭ
ǣССС࡭ҰСɡ
С˫۶ҿ˺ðƺ׹ϢһСɡ
ǣǣң
ÿСϳңұס޵С࣬ңң


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짷ң˫һԲ
޻˵һСʩŰҪС๩ĻָʹˣǸǿ˴ͷβûۣԼıŰ⣬Խʹ࣬СЦԽ죬짷ѲںʳʲᣬҪֻöԷͷҪգˡ
СҲ䣬³֡

Ľݾ俴޶С࣬ɱ
һֽѶϣɱ֣õĹޡ
짷һĥʹͷû뵽ҪɱɱС࡭ɱС࣬Ǹˡ


Ҫ
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ʯε֮Եģ壬ͷ֮ᣬ૵СɣǰݣʹһϢİȴΪһҡ
С಻ˣΪҪ˵ǹģǸѵ£Ҳ
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Сҵ¶ЦݣᴭһСɡ
ͷͻȻһСҼͷĸ첲סҵʺҿְ·ϵԼĴȡ
С࡭
öһ˲סҵľСĻȫᣡ
ҵʺס޷ҾֵݣƺʱдȥĿܡ 


75

ס֣
ĽݾҲû뵽һϢͻȻ˫ʱҫǿҵɱ֪ԼᣬǱһĴȥ
СɵעĽݾʾȫÿЦȻǺĸεɱ֣СΪ顣


СҲ㣬ȻһɵϵбƳһ䳰´Ҫǵðѷ˵ֻֽϣÿ
ŵɫҺܲҺҪģȻСյĺ࣬ﲢ£֪Сɱҡ

ұСƵʯ⣬סҲӵĸ첲»סҵһԾӹԾ뿪ժ¥ԽԽԶ
ժ¥Сסҵ־ԽŲմǰֻ죬ȴӾɣСͻȻ֮˾
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ҲŲ£Ҿ֪СõѣС಻˺ңС࣬úõС˲ȴҪȥɱ֣㱾ССģߴ󣿡
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Ϊʲ᣿ΪʲҪɱˣΪʲҪɱ
ɱ֣ɱ˾ҵ˭֪ɵϡСɣһɱҸѡ
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Сɣ˵׹¥ģ˻ѣʧ¥һϰֽţŻᱻˤ
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СС࡭
ⷬȥСеľԽĿϣ˫ֻסӺñ䣬ҿ־壬Ҳ֪˵ʲᣬֻů
ءС࣬ɱΪʲҪ»һ㲻Ҫɱ˺ҴߵԶԶģƽòã
С಻ңԵӾңһѪ˳ͷĴҵǰþò̾˿²£ҲС࣬Сɣ㲻ҪɱĽݾҲҪңǶ֣Ȿǵˡ
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ѪСӿ˳ʹĴϢҵ˫Ҳ޹⣬֫ıҾŵشУС࣬С࡭
СղŷúõģͻȻӣ
СҡҡͷЦСɣҵͿһҹ꼵ľ綾ԼͻȻþٱֶֻ֧Űʱ֮ͻҴҹ꼻˲Ŀţ˲İ䡭
С࣬ΪʲҪɵ˵Źˡ
һʧܵɱ֣õĽ֣ʹҲ֣֮Сץסҵ֣ϢСɣһѻ˰ɡ
ѪϵشСӿֹסѪǴָӿҿСһʲᶼˣҰﲻ

մ˵ĻæԼķԼһӣȻὫֵСĴеС࣬ҵѪ
ƻ೷ľ綾û취ҲҵѪԽⶾģҲҪСҪúõػ
Сɡ
ҪѣͿȻɱ֣ӦӲģԷҪų𣿡
ҰСĴϣӿѪ䡣
ʶģ֮ǰΨһǵõľҽӵסС࣬Ѫǰοο

ٴʱ˿ĴᡣϤĸо֪ԼҵĴϣǣС࡭
ĺɫС࣬ǲӿѪСľȻ񡭡
СɣСɣ
תͷϾĵĿ⡣
ɫЩ㲣ﻹѪ˿ǷҺþã
һ˵Ļ￪ʼСˣԶٳЦҵţұСԶٳ֡
С໹Сɣ㿴ңС໹ 

 

76-78

⺢Ϊʲһ̻ȻףĽݾǵõСɺСεһʱҲ˵ľĪС󴦵˺̾ɵ£ֻǲԭָСΪλͻȻһϢ
짷Ϊһҹ꼵ľ綾˵ͽС§ڻ˵ҲСһҪ
짷˵ʱҲĪĻȻĽݾͻȻף֮ĥŰС࣬ΪƭΪƹΪ·˵ľ

С໹
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ҡСࡣ
Ļû˵Ҳ˵Ϊ¼ֻͬҵһĻ
Сܺá
·𰲸Ƶģҵֱ˿ˣ짷չ
짷磡ֻĥС࣡
ںʹ֣Ͼ´ȥС࣬ɾסҵĸ첲ҷԼϱ˵ĵطѱĵİˣǾİɣ

ΪСĵҲ˶ԾκΡ
֮ǰ˵ʲ᣿˵Ϊ˾ҿκ£ΪǺܼ򵥣ȴԭĶ
Сɱɱ֣ȴӲҪͷûվھߣ֪һѹģΪ΢Ц¶һ˿İˡ
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СɣϢһ극ȥ
ھС࣡
óĵǣȴõȥˣСֻʲĴ

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ʼߣӫѩ˾ͳԵġ
ӫѩĻԶķ߿һֻСԵʣʵҲܵľģȵС֪ĴҲΣգﵹûẦ£ΪʲµĻһԥһȥ

ڽһžͥԺǰͣ£ӫѩȥСЩɻΪʲҪСలժ¥ԶѵմҪΪСˣ
ӫѩûһһ˴Ժӣ˽ȥ
ݵķϣƣ벻űͲ԰׵ɫԵø㲣Ҳģȥһ˺ü֪꣬һǸϲޱ߷ˣԼݡ
С຦ֻʣ°ҾԭҲͽвڡ
ҽһԲָֻ̧һ£ҽȥ

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С࡭
С࣬ǲ԰֣ҼйϲĲȣҲôҵԴѾ
СûпңֻǺޱϸһ˿ЦΪʲ᲻Ϸɵϣѵڱ𣿡
С࣬ģ˿ַˣֽ֣һҲԵġ
ɵϡС³־ͱ۾·Ҳһ
С࣬ڹҾ𣿡
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Сɣ짷ѾңͲٺң㲻ΪҵģˣϢ𣿡
С޷ܾҽţСʼնûһۣ֪İǰʾ

ݣһۣȻˣС෽ŵĻٶʱ֮ǲẦġ
춽һҪ뷨ӾС뿪
صһۣģҲ˺С࣡
ʲ˵ģֻѡš


С뿪짷绺߽䣬ƽڴϼžˡ
ʾöδӹˣ˿̾ᾲǰһĲϢ̲˾ǿϢѱ짷ԼݵĶֻ֣öԷͷѵͷ¶С˵
޷ǵһμС龰ǿ˶Ϊ˾ǸСɵϵժ¥ǰһǼʱȻڼ佻ʱ̳ǰͣĿͷʱվ佻ԣҲСʼնûע⵽СʱӡУһ˲Ϊ˶ҲĨȥ 


Сൽʱװĳ֣Щ̸¼ҲãֻҪ˫һۣǸһЦգͿ֡СҲ֪û׽ժ¥Ϊ˵ǣңʲ᣿޷ԭµŪ
ĶУĳϬͣɱû˿ԥȫû뵽Ǹ֮ˣֱСѿں޷ջأǻСǰһƱҲϣʹķΡ
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Ȼǿžǿͷ­ʼնϵ°֣˫ϵسЦ޴Ҳͬʱ˺룬ҪֻһģǿģС඼м춸

СΪ˾С಻Ľݾͷĵ龰ϤҲϵͷˣȴΪ˶ԷܻԲϵȥ짷һͻȻ֣һж޲ɼ֮䣬Ͳ岻ȥһ
ˣСѪϢĵڵʱѾˣ֪С˺֮ᣬ֮ʣµľֻгԹޣǣҪС²мĸ飬мĸǸ֣Ҫ

ϵͻȻỺĴϢظʹСɵü΢΢𣬲԰ɫľ˫Ŀ΢е͵͵Ӻ䴫짷֪С˯ˣİҲᷢһ˿졣
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짷磬ⱲǱĽһת۱ɲĥֻΪƭ飬ǿЦɱ֣˭һɱ飿һСѾˣѵҪټϸ짷
ʲᣬʹǿӲУ뻻ֶչ̫Сˡ
Сǻһ˿Ц짷磬㻹ʲ᱾£һʹɡ

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Ǿ˵ԶýˣһýĽͻʲ飿˵ý򵥵ˮЩҲɣСܵĴ
СǰǸ˵Цõһˣڣᾲһߣ⻨лȴһʧСĻʲ
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Сҵһ֪ˣԭСɾȵģһúûȥ
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С࣬㲻Ҫߺòã
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ǷСһȫ飬ԼȫһԸ
ɱ֣ʧܣҲһҪȥʲ֣짷ŭ죬С൹ƽ֮
ѲýķҲ˵ӻȥĵҾᣬԸȥҲԸң
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С΢Цͷϲϲ߳ȥ짷磬¶Ц
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짷罫С§С࣬ٲˣҵʱǻͷµȥݵ֡
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81

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С벽Ƕ˱˰ɣ 


82

СǱյð߰ߵ㣬޽㷢Ҳ΢Щ짷һСΪų𺣵İɣϾмԼ
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С࡭
֪С飬ⳡ綷Ȼƣ짷С࣬Ϣһ¡
Ϣ׷ɱ𣿡
СǰҪһ£Էƥǰȥ
СǵԼڵ޷ƥĵɡ
짷ӿһů⣬ͷСľϣһеʧӰ١
С࣬ЩߣĪҪ

С࣬ͻȻת

ûκλӦǿ˰
Щ˶˰ɣ
⻰СҵĻʲᶼ˵
짷ĥСķ۾ϢЦðʲʡ
УȻЩ˱ضСͬˣŻᷢĸϻԼ
ǣС࣬ΪɱԼָͬⷣӽ
뱻ˤϣʵʲᶼ
ǣǡ
ʵʲᶼҲνֻҪС࿿һѾˡ

Сܿ챼һҺСĿջǰֶ˶ڹ̨ϵһϷ
˹ͣСæشȥϷֽˮϣųȥ
Сཫ짷ϣԼڴһϣѿ˿°ˣȻᾲĿ
С࣬ղΪҲˣȴҲ벻ҡ
С۲Լ짷Թ˵лл㲻ٺҡ
Сۣ͵Ŀ짷һۡ㻹ǷϣҺ㣿
ϣ㰮ң
һ˫۾С಻ڵرȥ׳գһֵûİ׳գȻԹԴڻ
С࣬Ҳֻöˣȥ˰ﻹӣ
ܣ
ǺǣҲΪأѵӢͬ
Цɰ׳짷磬С಻ȴСһʹѽӣ̲סʵ£ۣ
짷̾ЦС࣬ȻΪҲŻۣ֪ͷ˼𣿡
䣬Ͼذһƣ࣬ȴǰƵĺء
СˣҲã
Сȴ쵽짷ĸΪද
еĵů֫Ĵ짷ĶѣַСֱϣԼĸǰȻʵС࣬짷һδˣ㣬𣿡
£Сֱ짷סܸܵǷݲȥִ־Ϊ˲Թ޶ԸλΪʲ᣿Ϊ˰
ְܴڶã짷쳾ůʣÿշ绨ѩˣΪɱֵı

Ĵɱˣȴֳٳ²˺֣Сһ̫ˣԼ˺ö࣬ǰΪһ˶Ѷϣǣһɵһɵ֮ᣬСԼҲøɵûʲ
뿪ͷ鲻ԣ;µľɱӡǣʱȻ̾ŵıȥˣֻΪǸشǰһϻҩˡ
ƺԼĸо˶ҲԺԥɱ˴ˣ˺짷磬ģҲֻϣ

С粻ɫ짷аЦղ벻һʱŲϧͷ󣬿ȻԼһԸһĵˣǿ£Ҳ
ȻѾֺ֣αղ짷簴סɬ飬С˿
С࣬ղŵĻ͵û˵ɣ
짷硭
ҪԼ֯ȥ𣿸ӽ
짷ɫ䵭СҲָƽа취͡

Сջסգһ÷⣬˴˼κν̸˵գСƥ짷
ĬĬջſڣ짷翴Сǣһ춸·ɫ²ȻȴЦС࣬ϣһμʱõĲǽ
С࣬ҾٶνҪȡҵͷұȡȥǡ
짷硭
˵ԼҲĻŲģС޷ǰˣЩķŲ뵽ǰ׷ɱ飬ԺĳҲܴӦʲᣡ
޷һ֣
짷ЦЦСﳤȥ˿Ѿֹˮµֻһ˿Ӳȥİˡ
ͻȻ˻УСྐྵִҴת˻
ûͻһķҲĶͣĪС࡭
짷缱æӭǰȥǣס
СɫЩӣͷװûп짷ϲı飬һȥ֪ʱܻһһֱĲ£и㡭
һͷСָ짷ǿЦ˵С𣿡
ǵģǸɵӣҵΪҵ£ĽݾضСɲϲƴСɣҲͰˣںСɣϣܰС뿪

УֻǸɵɵĺǰҲ
짷޷еʧȴƽصҼסˣҰ£һ
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Сһ֣תͷԶȥֻǸεھĳ֮Уֱһһ۵ĲӰȴ᲻뿪


83-87


ԴϴθС֮ᣬҾûȥ̽СҲȥƽ˭֪ͻȻңһ㲣˵СѺãѾ뿪ˣҪұټǹ
û뵽С뿪ܣǸܵԴд̵·֮ᣬҲûҹң֪æҲȥ
˵ѾˣڴǱߣæ˹ȥ˭֪űȣͼӭ߹ҿĵسǰ
ֻһͲ˹ȥûпһۡ

ıӰ˺þãֱѾٻͷҡ
Ѿϲ𣿾˵ҾһСҶһ֮ͽ
ҵͷƵػطҲûԣСǰŤŤȥȻڹûιʳ
ĲɵذСιᣬӫѩ˵Ļȥú̸һ£ȻҵҾ͸ЩģΪʲҪɵأ
Ѷҳң˴ڻͣһ˹ȥ˶ˮ߹æǰӹ׼˽ȥ
ɫӦÿİɡ

ſڣֻиӣڿЦˣǰα˵ٻҪûǶΪʲĴεѰ飬ɱ㣿
죬ѵ˾ɱΪһǰѶǲͺˣ
үĪ;˵ͳǧ
һ˵ǰǸЩŭӣʶʱΪܣѾһУֻµʱҲס㡣
ˣǳĿŵвˣֻгó
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δ䣬ҵϱذһƣסԾؿΪʲҪңʲ
ƴĲأȴҵʹΪʲἸ첻ͻȻ֮ͱòʶˡ
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ϵӾ𣬳߳һۣЦ⺢Ƕӵ³ɡ
һʲ³裬ǰ˼죬Եİѹضˡ
ĵҲģ˵Ƚϲĵأ˿ζ
ֻͼʰˣ˭뵽ǸʶĶؿһֶۣԳүϲǾ͸ˡ
ʲ᣿
ҵɴ۾һʱ侹ΪԼˣҪˣ͸һҪصˣ
˵ĻҲһƷǸ˰˵Զˣ
ȴмɨһۡϲɧһģûϵ޲ҵθڡ
̳ҳʲ᣿£
Ҷ߶¼ڵصĲߣײ˻ȥ

ûеƣʧǵߵͷ
Ҷʲ᣿Ϊ־Ļģû뵽ȴȡ裬ΪҺңңʵֻǳ裬ˣˣֻϴгˣȻžǰҵġ
ԭû˰ңҰԼһƬĽȥᣬ׶Ա˵һǮֵ
ıñ䣬µҲģһβңΪҸȥϵˮ
Сεҵϣ֪С̣쵽ҵĲģԴҵš
ҸС̵ͷС̣Ҫ˵ĻǾһӰɣûǮóԵĵĺ͹Ƹ㣬ʹ㻹Ը𣿡
СŤһӣҵĻǲ˵ûӹС̻ǲԸҷֿɵɵС߾͸һ
һҹߣɴ۾ϵɴʣȴ֪Щʲᡣ

ֱ賿ҲԺ˯ȥ㱼䱻˴ƶҴѡ
۾һֵĳŮҵǰ
ʲ£
ԷһѰҴӴϾҽǸƵģӽҵɻȥ
Ϊʲ᣿ҵǻһУһʱû˼
Ϊʲ᣿
Ƴһۡź¶ãӷͷ˻Ҫȥɻ߲ˡ
˭ĻǾ𣿡
˭Ļ֪ȥˡ촩·ĥĥ£
һɫ·ʶսҶɽׯʱСҵҲһ·
Ѿ˼˵ңٿңԾͰҶȥˡ
ʵڿ̬ʱҾ׻Ľ֣ûˣܱȵгðɣ
ûȥ׷ʾ˼ûܽң
ҷɿش·߳ңӭӫѩʶغһ˭֪ûпңֱ˹ȥҲҵģӫѩķԸˡ
ͷϱһƣݺݵʲῴӫѩܼҵҲе㵽ڻ㲻Լǲǣ
ͷĵúۣǰҲСͷڲСʱûùСˣ;һҶˡ

Сɰþò˭֪ճͱߵ˳оΧ쬵ģשͷ᲻ᱩķɹ.. 


ҴָԺ䴦һľ˵ȰѲˣͷȥˮ͵緹ûóԡ
˵껰תˣһֱ
緹û԰ɻҪܵѽ
ӣ緹ûʲϣˣ̾ľǰ£𿳵ʼ
Դ˻˻û֪Сˣæ¿СС̣ҪԹԵҪǱ˿߸ġ

ȽϴʵҪĶ࣬˼ʮ£ҵĸ첲۵Щ̧·ܹԱߵһСѲ𣬲ý
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еСڻ֪ͻȻĳˣæסؿ˵Ҳ̫һᾡһġ
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үժ¥ʲʱиү
ҷ㶣Ц㲻᲻֪ɣ˵ľǺүڳòˡ
˵һը˿иЦڲϽµˣİҶˡ
㱻ϵҲû̫ģȻңҼǵõĻҵĺãҲ죬ͻһȥһԹԵ
ԭͻزȥˡ

ЦҴн˻㲻Ҫ⸱òãѲɻΪӻ㣿
ү˭
˵̫æ߲û˶Բү͹̹ӣ˼ᶼ߹Ҳ¶ÿ춼أԸֱ͵үһԡ

ӫѩ˵æԲŲڸ˵ֻһʱȻͻҵÿ첻ϵڴϣԭһֱƭңƭΣֱҲȥΪֹ
ԭ¶֪£ȴһˡ
Ϊʲεÿһ˶ƭңΪʲÿ˶ҵ޿ɾҩɵϣ

ľȻ𿳵ʼԽԽ죬µҲԽԽݣǷݷŭ;ת޷ƵȫкеĿϡ
һΣҵ˺ޣһҴûйĸоȻڵĻǰȼգС̱ˣһҵζ˷ܵط˻˻

磬ǽǶѳСɽƵĲѣû˵춳ԵǶ緹ȻˣҲֻƯ˼ƬҶѶͷۻﻹ˵࣬һ˶ڲԴڳ
ﲻû˹ιС̳ԷҲ̫Ļᱻ˷֣ҷС̶Է˲ޣҺܿģ˶ңС̻Զߡ
ˮϴ˵ĻҶɽׯʱɹ˵ģ΢ʢһЩҺС̶Եñġ

ҴһС񷿵᷿˯ˣʱ˯ɣǱпˣٵȥ
ǼѲݵĲ񷿣ǽǰһСľ崲ֻһ㱡ı죬һ£ߵݶӲӲľ崲˯ڲݶϱȽɡ
һ죬첲Ϊ̫һֱͷҲ۵ˮĥˡ£Сεߣ㱧˫ۡ
֪ʲ᣿
ˣСɣ˼Ҷ߿ˣ㻹ʲᣬ˯ɡ
ʹ˦˦ͷǸǰתЦ˦ܾûˣƣսʤ˼Һܿܽ硣


͵¹ббŷСӳʧȥѪɫ˯ĺСèһڲݶϹ˹һžӨ˳۽Ǿػ
⺢ΪԼĽݾ۵ؽȥѴϵıùСϡ
ɵӣ䣬ʲᶼڲݶϻǻģͲ֪չһԼ

Ѿ֪Բˣ쿴СɷܲǰΪѾľʱɱֲС࣬ǽ붼ȥ롣
Զֻתƴҵע⣬СɱϾֻһСˣΪΪһС˶飬û뵽ͻȻѺ͹˵Ƿ̣ʵǰߵ߰ɣ֪ǸŮ˺Сɣ˳ˮۣԸⲻȥСɣ˭֪ɵɵĺӣƫƫ̸ʱײ
Ǹǳϲͯˣǰֳ۰ӣֻöԷСɲص֮ģŴǳǲȥǱߵҲ۸СɣûΣա
ò˶ãͿ԰⵹Щˣڼ䣬Сܵκ˺

ǰ˻˻Ľݾ̧ͷС̸߰ӣ׺ݵضԼæ˸ƣС̣ӲСߣҪúñ֪𣿡
ӫѩڰбСߣӦò¡
С̽䱸ضĽݾþãȷ˲˺ˣӣһߡ

Ľݾһºӵӻͳҩ࣬ҩͿĴҼϡ
ҩ˯е˷ߣĽݾ̲סһСӣҩӵģȻСɣһܿȥģǾٲֿ 


Ÿո˯ͱһͭĺˣۣѾſڽеˣ˯ʲʱ򣿸Ͻջȥ͵
æһ߱ףбӣӲӲĻ˸̯һǸСԲУװɢҩࡣ
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Сɣ㵽ĥʲ᣿
ˣһæӦһС̴˳ȥ

ϵĻæᣬҽӹݹķܵԳԷ˳ҲСһЩȡ
ҿС̺ȵ𾢵ģС̣μˣرأЦݻÿҾ֪Σ˱ˣܺܿͻˣС̣˵ǲҲأ
С̧ͷһۣͷϵĽ˸˸⣬̲סǿɰС˵С̣ῴ㶼һֻԸ˯ıСߣһ֪˶ˣȴǸˡ
С̲ңֵͷʳС̲һС߰ҵĸܣ
һϻ´С̵Ľϣͻ̧ͷֵĿҡ
С̣ҲˣٲΪҵ˵ᣬȥҪ

Դε֮ᣬҾûȥÿҶæͣϢʱѾ۵ſ¾˯ˣûпȥ뾲ҲãҲھҵʱҲɡ
մӫѩҲûм絹żңȻիĵҼǺ۸С£ҧܾջ󣬿ǿɶСһŵĵζ̴ܳĿʼãҲֻܺͺ
ÿһЩֵĻ˵ҹÿ벻뿪֮⣬˵ǲܣҵ벻ģÿʱͻұ˵㲻СΪʲϲıҿÿ˵Сʱ϶ḡЦݣҲЦʵҲǺںСİɡ

ÿҪ޷ˮջЩʵҪɾģ˼죬ţͲˡ
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߰죬ᣬԺ񣬺Ȼ嶣һĹӴǰ˽һֱߵҵǰͣ½Ų
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Ӱôͷʹ
ȴЦݣʵ㻹֪˭ɣ

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Ҳг裡
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û뵽һ˴طһ£Цϴūţгʲ᣿û뵽߳ţƢ󡭡
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ԭǺǾڳ谮ˣĺƯ˵ģϲĵˣҸûȡ
ЩĻ뿴һ뵽ÿӵߣҵľͿʼʹ
Ҵͷ˰鷳ģҶߵˣΪʲỹҪҹȥ

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ȥǿ壬˭ָ֪ȥһֻűݺݵزҵֱϣ붯Ʊʯϣʯģʹ
ֻǸص⿴⸱͹θˣ˵ǰӵг裬Ϊ͵˸ֲ֪˶ӣõüĿģ˭֪᷸˯һһ֪㻹ٻȥģˣֲҪĶΪ𣿡

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ҲŻģһ˲ӿɱԼѹƲסס־ʱܽѿӹȥ

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ʱŰһҽУͷҲصرͷܣܵõײײ·һӣſڵأǰȥǱӣһ
С̻ӷŭŵôģ۾˸ײбŰĹâ
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ҵĺСתεҽűߣŤСһõزҵĿȡ
ҽӵһߣһűȵǰʹǲĺݶҸоҵĺ⡣
̯֣ıɳ˿ڣЩãȻ䵽㣬˱壬ղҾȻƲסǹɱ˵ĳ嶯СͻȻܳһ˵ȥ 


ңЩ׵ӣ£βֻó׽˭֪ɶС̾ȻܳҵģƵҲ·ڿҵ˿ᣬʱñȹ׻ڣŪµģĬ˰ͻȻҡСɣԣ벻뿪
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Ϊŭ˺һҵ鷳ļ춼ƽҰշ½ˡ
ϣҸƽһСڲԳԷС̲֪ʲƢԣβͰѷȫɨ˵ϣ緹˼࣬˳䣬С߱㷢ƢһڣʹܵĲӰ
С̣ȻҷƢҷ緹ûóԣҳСߵĵط
緹ûֻ뾮ˮ伢ˮȵ̫ԵʣһҵؿڶƵģЩʹ
С̺ܿλˣڲԶסӣҲסͷһ޺õӣ¶ЦವһܵҵĻһš
С̣·Ūˡ
СŤһ£ûңקסβͰڳеСɣ
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һ㶡
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үԸģȥɣҪ

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ԣҲȥǸϤĵطͬĶԣȴ ֪úòãǲǻһҡ
鷿ǰԥ˰̧ţȻǸϤ˵
ͻȻǿҵĹĶԭķ꣬ĻţԼȫһɢֻһڲϵؽк
ƿŵ־Щ΢Ҷ߽ȥ鷿䡣

ҳ˼ĺЦ̴˿ǳЦһֻںϸ֫ϣָɵػ˫ᴭڱ˴˵Ļ֮Уûⷿһҡ
ظʹӾңΪԼѾˣΪԼӦԭֻļ䣬ѿڹһһ޷ȴļ䡣

ҵ˸ƿĻ棬֪ıΪҷʹ࣬Լûȡ
ǰľЩģӻ˻ΣվסѡټҲ뿴ˣԼǰ޼ɵȡ
ʷŭ˲ƺһֻεֺ˺ѣһһֵԥ

Сɣ
ŵɤһ˿죬ԼͻȻһ˰ɣҲҶĿ⣬æͷˮϣȻṧӺãūˡ
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סҵĽŲЦСɣǰǹӵСժ¥иҪţأҲˡ
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ӲҪˣҲһʱвŻʵģСɣ㲻ǰɣ
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ľȻؽβԭеĵ֮ЩģҺҽ˼ڣЩֻ֪࣬β̣һηҲǿģҼȥġ
ӿʼҵʹʹת뿪ھǧֻצڶץʹôҼߵſڣ뿪ųȥһɽĽʹͻȻϮ˹ǰһֽץסſѹס޷ܵľʹʹǰһ󷢺ڣ亹˳޽£Ҳֲסſ˵ڵء
Сɣ
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ڵ
͵ץסǰ½󣬾ҵĴϢҺû£Ļĺÿġ
ĵʹҳ֮ҲһϢʹŤӣھĻﲻϵط
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һѪһ˳һ壬ĺУȴҲһصĻʹȥǡ 


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짷磬ǸСɳ˽ҩΪʲ
ϣСȴֵתᷢԼĵ飬Ľݾֻܽ§ڻԼһůӡ
ԲСɣҵ㣬㣬ҪңҪԶǵңǵˡ


ĥ˵ʹʧˣֿµʹƺȱ޴ҪܣʹΪԼϻһһһ£оֻදᣬ̲ס߳
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ÿ˶ؿң¶ʹޱӵı飬ĽԶȴӶȣŵЦ

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Ϊʲÿ˶ɱңҵʲ᣿һ߶Һãһ߰ﺦң¸СҲֻǸūţ㶯һָͷɱңΪʲỹҪҰЩ˵͵˵ɱˣûһˣ 

Сɣ˵ʲ᣿Ầ㣿Ľǻ쵰׸˵Щʲ᣿ 
Լ׶ģжԺʱǵ̸˵¶ڷβ¶Ϊɱң 
ûûУ㵱ʱԺûף짷û¶ 
뱧סңҷƿܵһǽǣе߿߿ 
Сɡ 
㣬Ϊᱣң⼸룬Լ˭֤Լɱ֣ҲẦ㣡ͷʹɾ벻ʵҵݸͲҪǲǣҪʲݸ޹أֻҪѣ 

Сɣ 
ſңҺ㣬Һ㣡 
ŭͳ޾˰ӿѿǰҵ˫ۣҲҺƵͲңˣԾɱңᰮΪҪҵ磡 

Сɣ㿴ңԶẦ㣡СɣСɣ 
ſңſң 
ţηⱼȥմ羪ʵʲ᣿ 
СɻȥҲܰ 
νٵ̫Ŀŵˣ 
үɲͷ 
ҵ˵ҵĿԿధͷȥܸҴߣʲң 
 
ҲҪȥſң 
Ӵһ·û˸ΨһľҵķɣΪڴҲҲҪ˵ƷҲҪٸκιϵ 

ҵķʹҷԽסҲҶӷŭʲᶫƾʲסң 
պ붼룬ſҧȥֻһУɿ§ҵ֡ 
 
˲侲ζұҵһ壬ãȻɿ˾ 
ѪӾ£ǰһΣҷǲǣ̣˺ 
ҿԾңҵ¶ȣĺįҵõʹҲٿתܣֻеСɡ 
˻˻ͻȻһС̣һֹסǵģͷҲصǰȥȥﶼãֻҪԲȥԾҺȴֲ˺ 

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Сֻ࣬СŻ޼ɵң粻˵Сھǳ֣
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СʲҲ˵ұסʹ飬ҵĺ󱳵Сûˣûˡ
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£ұİѱݵ¸СིˣСգһƱ˦ͷʲʱܱһ㣿ڻʲطժ¥ȫĽݾǸеˣ˵Ҫ㣬;˶㣬Ȼɵߣ
Ųǣɱң
ҷĺֱһƣСߺߵصɱ㣿ĽݾҪɱ㣬㻹ܻվ㻹˵ʲζû

ҳĬһֱΪǾ붾ң뺦ңΪʲҪְҴΪʲ˵ʱ򣬻ģ
ҵǺңǺңֻǰҵɱ˵Ʒ

СɣһȤ°Ҹոģ֪Ҷ㣿ֻΪ㳤ĳˣݣΪῴ𣿡
ұѺȥĽԶ͵͵ҽһ仰Ҽǰھ鷿￴ǷŮͼҵʱֻɨһۣ̱ӫѩֻԼŮӵӸм
ʱû⣬ĽԶĻǷ壬ԭνĳ谮ˡ

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С࣬ǰˣж
С̾ǼҶ꣬еʲϡ棿
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Լ˯Ҳ뱻׷ɱ
С࣬ǰҲһ˯ѽ㶼˵ʲģ˵ͬ˯㱻׷ɱʲϵ
죬ȥ˯
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Сףʹңػ˵ǳҡ
ͷһӦúܰģ־òðǲ˵Ĺϵǡ
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һͣȴûлͷ¥ֱȥֱߵһƧ֮Żϵժ¶һ޷˵


۾һֵΡΣʵľ߷һ
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׳ҵģ֪ʲ᣿
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СģǶߣ
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С༸ÿ۾ҡ죬ƴӣ
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ᣬСְ˸򵥵ݣֻһյĹҾͱ˸һӵСˡС˵ұϾΪ˰ȫݱȽϺá

ұڶʽסֻͨձȻС͹гȥһ˶ڼҵĴеؽѣΣգ϶ȥҿɫ֣صӣֲܲҶʡ
СĶúܺóԣϧԷ˲࣬ΧַҲŽգһСĹӣǰĽֵƺ˺ö࣬ʱйٱоżȻԷĿ˵ҪˣǿЩ뿪úá

ҪˣǾ᲻Σգ
ͻͷһԭ˵ĺԶԶûа࣬Щŭ޵ĻҲͰǹ죬ƽᣬԽ̫ΣҲ˵ģٸøһ͵Ļᡣ

С࣬ʵңﵽ׳ʲ£ǲǸйأ
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СĬһŵˣȴѹȥڱڸϣĽݶ˾Ϊܣ˿Ҳ᧿ΣɣСɣ÷ˣЩڶѱˣٶ㲻ѱعٸڵѵԳŻ䱸ɭϡ

˵Ҳʲˣƽ˵Ҳû췴ɣ 
ѱӺ̣㿪ʼץסС˵С࣬㲻Ầǲǣ
ᣬȻʲʿĽݾһΪѣ
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ҲŲϣ
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⼸ֵΣԽԽʵԽԽÿζǶ϶Ļ棬ɳֵԶͬһ˩Ǹĳȴû¶һ˿Цݵˡ
֪ԼǰģûңûҶѲҪֻ㿪ƺе뾲ԽԶҲԽȫ

С飬ÿλɫܲãҲ˵һ䣬ڴǰյԺһ˷㶣ûԭΪҸеˣСҲһʲᶼ˵ġ

ıȨˡ
һ峿СͻȻðһ仰˼صǶСĽݾˣƽѣȻȨԭĻȸЩˣܻܿƵ·𷴸꣬벻ףĽݾǸסˡ
СĻӦ˵û£ֻҪû£Ǳʲᶼá

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ֱҲС࣬һعͷ㿴һ벻ҵǰ
³

㡭
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ȥſң
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С࣡
һСȥŵģҲƭҡ
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أǲǳ£ 
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ǲǣңˣ 
³̬ԽԽţ͵ƿǣɱ˳ȥ 
֪һǳˣ᲻³Ҳʧ̬ 

һ·ժ§ֱԷŽȥײӫѩһң̱㸡һ˪ֽסƳ⡣ 
ȥ³ӣֻҪȡѪͺˣ𻹰ѹӺò𣿣 
С̷Сɲ 
Ҳܣմ磬ȥ 
ӫѩ侲 
ǵƴƿӫѩֹݡ 
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Ǿ 
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ǲǾ˶ֻҵѪܽⶾ 
㻹˵㺦жģֲĻˣԭҲߣݻ 
ҸԻ󲻽ı飬Сæǰ͵Сɣǰ첻ҧĽݾ˲жġ 

ҧ 
˼һУԼԼҧǼֺģҵʱһǲԼЩʲᡣ 
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ӫѩһȣСŭʲ᣿СҲǹġ 
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ӫѩȦһ죬ͻȻ˳ 
ûжԲңǶԲӣ㣬ں㣬ΪǶȴҪ㣬Сɣûģ˵˻ʱ˭ӹŹȳģȻǾ뿪ˣߵԶԶģҲõ˺㡭 
û޵ӫѩֿʼһʹνĺֻһʱҴûк޹Ҳ֪ж 
С£³ҪСߣĽݾɣľ˾ˣҲûȨˡ 
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ԭһֱ֪ģΪʲ᲻ȥңҾŵؿС࣬С̾Ҹ֪ĽݾģΪȥ㣬˭ֻ֪Һúչ㣬ʱԼҲ˵ģҾû¡ 
ǲΪʾΪҽⶾɣٻԾӲ 
Բ 

ӫѩѾûˣҩ˰ɡ 
Уմ˵һֱ˹򶾣̫һҪȼҩУҰãԲȣ 
佻ϲСҲ 
Ҳմ˭ж춼¶䣬Ϊһ֪֪жൣģ͵ͷ³ӿͷɡ 
Ҳԣ˺𣿡 
Ҵ˿̾ҵ棬ӫѩ̸ºţҵķ 
ӾҾһֱҽȥ뾲ҪϢǼҡ 

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ˣأҪ浣ģΪʲ᲻ȥ 
ӫѩĿȿʼ˺ܶ࣬һǱʵĵͷ뾲˾ҡ 
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һݵǰҽӹ˰ˮ 
лл 
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95

ǰһޱӡ 
 
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ãһȥ 
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ʵ֪ǾںˣҸԼˣС˵öԣζ˵ʲᰮ 
춺ˣ޷УҸֻǷ곡Ϸѣ֮ʲᶼûУҴδÿ춼ǵѨ˯Щʵ֮ǰ㣬ʱѾ˰ɣҿִһʱ֪ˣڣСɣҲ֪ǷҵĻ 
ţţ 
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ΪԼ˴Ǹԭ£ڲ˵Щ˵Ļ֮ᣬҸûʸȥԭ¡ 
СɣСǣǱƭˣǺֻڸˣֱвԲ˵࣬⼸ÿʱ޵øһ 

ʲʸȥ˼ңԼҲд 
Բ𣡡ҵͷԲ𣬾ԭҺ𣿡 
Сɣ֪˵ʱж˵Сȥҹ㣬Ϊ㣬ҵ㣬ȴС˵ϡһ֪ҵʱʲ飿㲻ңҿ͵Ϊֹһ仰Ͱƿˣǵģȴԭ㣿 
Բ𣬶Բأء 
Ҫٿˣ۾Ѿʼˡ 
̾˿ߣҽˮȥӿ˳ 
Ϊʲ㲻ң£Ϊʲػ˵ 

СɣӦһ£Ҿԭ㡣 
ӦӦʮټӦ 
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СѽϲСҾɿ⸱Ͱ͵ģʲƢˣСɣⱲӵĿǰ 
ҵһӵĿǰɡ 

ڻֹͣ˿ŵ˾˵Ѿˣҿ𣿡 
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Ҫ 
ҸϵΨһǣû֮ʲᶼûˡ 
Ҽȥȴ§סҶʵ͸û˵ģСɣɵģ㲻Сˣг裬Ľݾİˣ 


ᣬҷ̾ԡʱǰںһƬȴֻһЦսսʱһƣҲһҶûԿϧˡ 
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Ѵ£ҵĻЦðᷣСɡ𣿻·ϴϢ 
ð 
 
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᣿ 

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һ޹ûС 
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ܹ˭㻰˵ҲΪ뷣ء 


ϲû˯ãƺֻصΧиĸߴһֱ׷ɱңʶҲϤġ 
ս 
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ѪöѪ 
ҵͷֿʼʹ־͵۾ 

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Ҫʲ᣿ 
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ÿΣξԽԽʵʵĿ£Ҵ˿Ļ 

96

˯ͷһΣѵñ˰ɣ 
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ΥһӰҵе굽ҵæҧסһ 
ѹ£˫ҵͷסҵͷҸܵӭǣ˴Ȼǵ㼤ҵĽʲסԷ˱ 

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СɵϣһʱˣֻСһȥ벻Ѷѡ§Ц 
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һԴӾдεصСɣһ쵽ǰȥ˵л𣿡 
᲻ܣٹ꣬ҳ߳ˣģһ䣬ͲϲǸŮˣʱþǵõĿܾͽʣǸӡˡ 
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׼ٹĻȴƵ˵㲻˵ûеĳˣȻҲСߣУӽб˯ȥ 
ҰԹؿľ֪ҵѨˣҪЮҡ 
Ҳĵ죬ֻýĽԶǷг᳤ֵˣϲǸŮӣ㻹ں𣿡 
˵̾͵ͷɿɰҲû･ԭ֪𰸵ģѿʼڣΪʲһҪأʱ˺ͿһЩǸã 
ûлش𣬾ȴԸҵСɣҸ¡ 
Ŷ 
æƿӲŷԼǳģ˰滻·ù 
۰Ͱ͵Ŀ򾲣ӣҡҡͷд·Ȼ´ȥãίı졣 
˵ģ˵ˣȴҡ 
ܿ˳һ·ǰ̾˿СɣСǲǾ˵ 
֪ 
ΪڸͬܡʼҴ·˵үӽ㲻÷ˣˣʡı 
 
ҿľˡ 
ȥԷͷȥһطһֱû˵Щ£˭뵹㿪ҵˣ治֪СԴ쵽Щʲ᣿ 

ᣬҴһСԺƿţӭйɵʰ£аһλλǰ¯ȼ㡣 
λǽϹһ´ŮͼŮӵĳڷݺɫӳһ𣬾·һ㣬ҿλд֣Ůü۸Ҿ߷ƣֻûǷݳӺݣûƮƮɵš 
ϴھ鷿ҲŮӵͼϸ֪ĺ 
ԭλŮѾˣɹƣ¯˳Ⱦ߽Щƣȴʮָɾƾ 
ŮӲǾ˰ɣʹѲڳԾ˵ҪǳĺЩƣһϲҡ 

ûҵԹ԰˵£ 
Ϊʲ᣿ 
Թ£ֵؿȴңһԵˣݣȻὫ¯ֶҵͷ 
ҹ㰸ǰϣȻЩԸͷ 
£ǲģҲȥġ 
ҲԱ߹ҳСɣ㿴ǲĺɵ 
 
һûعǺÿȳ 
ûɣŮǾĸףᡭ 

⺢ȻģƢֺǿû취Դ֮ᣬҲŲˣҲ֪ǲϱӣϱӶǷɵʲᣬԽҪԵģСɻеɰʹӦ޽ĽݼҰɡ 
ʲ᣿޽ 
ģ㲻Ҫһҵͷκòã 

Сɣͣ￴⸱ɵ 
æ죬ܹʵ̫Ծˡ 
㰸ϵ˵ݸ˵㣬ƽƽġ 
ҳɵ 
ʲ 
ߺ㹧¯˵Բԭˣ㲻ҪңһԹԵģǾÿ춼㣬ﱣƽ

97

ᵧ˵ϵң˵Сɣﳤȷʵм񣬲ϸȫͬˣûĵЦҼУûСҵԸǲﲻǳǣҲᱻǿȢţһףĽݼ֮ǰлԼһӣȻ׶ܺãҲܳ谮ȴһֱѻ꣬͹ˡ
ÿ
ҺȻһ£æʵֲǮ壬дˣᶼܳԾӣһΪʲ˼ҾûзӦأׯҲأܲӰɣ
磬ǰΪһͷɴˣ˭ǵЩǰ£ܣҲǵģˣοǸɱׯͲҵĸףֻǸܰˡ
㶣һʱû׾˼
£ʼ˵
ȥұ㱻¶ڵϦʱ˾˸յǣΪͻЩʶȥʹҩΪҽⶾʱҵ˻ϣİʮ괴ժ¥ժ¥Ʒ£ȴǻϰڸصߡ
ǰױ빬֮ͳһ²֪Ϊα׾쵽ҿĴǸϸ泯͢ԲŻᱻڡ
˵úܵȻ·𽲵Ǹȫ޹ص飬ȴ亹ֱסʵԭ֪ׯɱ£ĸװΪʲһֱ
Сĸ״󣬸װݼڣҵǲʵ˭֪ұ¶ȴ֮Ϊٻ󣬱㽫ͽһҸ֮䲢ûٸ飬οʱڰеҵ£ֻݾߣҲһֱ֪
ǣǸ˭
Ӧһ常ʱԳزŲʱǸ常ͻȻ븸òмƣݣ常ɸ׵ģҽ׾֮£ˣȻ֪ģڹĿֻܺС˰ɡ
ֲׯȥΧӦսǸ常һ塣
һҵıӡ
ҵСɱˡ书ƽƽλ常ȴǸ֣׾Χ壬常ȴΧһϲͨԾϷдׯ֮£ֻΪвμΧľ֣˭ִ֪׷ԱƲѣֻɱڡ
ǸׯΪʲָ׶Ǻںڵģ
һа˵ͯӵѪṦ󳤣ҶɽׯŻСͯɱ·޷ټ춴ΪҪɱǾѲҪÿ˰ɣһɽݺСɣһʯ񡣡
ǮΪׯҺ޷ӦĵİɣŻװŮӵģȥ̽ׯ·ɱڡ
û뵽ɽׯܣͣ˺ðʵѵҲ֪飿
°Ⱥ˼ȴȽϵûĵһԣһܳŵҶɽׯ˴ļҵ
ԭĽԶҲ֪Ǹ˽ƻúܣȻ

ҲΪʲҪأѹλء
̾˿СɣϲϲŮӣṬͬ裬׼֪ȴһҲѹǣǲı˵Ӱ
˵ҲܿءҶ˶٣ֵΪʲһֱ£һ֪Ͳ˼ˡ
СɣҲͷϣÿʱ㻹˯Ũ˵
ŶԭҵĴ
ͷû˵
ǻȥɣã˵ӫѩء
ÿ춼㣬𣿡
ȻԣʱæˣСɾʹҺˣƽϢᣬһȥһְЩһֱΪϳҲ㱨һ֮ҼȻҪȢСɹţͲСΪҵˡ
ðð
ÿģиƯŮҵ˵ҪȢҡ
ҪĽݼңΪӣҾ˷ܵĺǺֱЦһֱص鷿ӫѩΪϲΪֹǸСŮ⺢аˣһֱɵЦʲ᣿

ΪҿҸĵСĹϵͻȻõĲˣ治ǰ˺С࣬Сҵĸԣܾʹ˰֣
ʵ֮ᣬС˵Ҫ뿪ģӲ˼Ҳߣ˵ʲǰŸαؽ鷳ֱסº˵ȵȵĻҿմ˴˻ᣬԱҡͷһ޿κεӡ
СҲʱסˣǶ簮ģȴ˿Ϊ⣬Էʱֱ޲ðеĺò˶еС˵С೤̫ҪԶಹҿıСɽߵķˣܻСǷθڳȥ

ܵСסȥ˭֪û߽ҲʲĿģ÷
մȫƽӡ
С൭Ļʹմҽ̧ˣȻ㻳ĿģΪʲ᲻ڴǰ˵ȴֻвң
㣡
óմ类Сֱҧ龰Сһӫѩմֵ˲Źء
ƭǣƭң͸¶Сɵ٣ֳûסժ¥짷ÿ¥Ĵ߶˼Ҫ˵𣿡
ǺЦ佻ԭժ¥ɵϣһˣĽݾû໰أ㵹סˡ
Ҷ죬Сˣһĺѣһİˣƭ𣿡
㰮£Ҫʲƾʵݾֱȥ짷˵ˣֻİɣ
㣡治֪ã짷ԭɱɱ˲ǿǡ

ǽʵСȵ佻ҪΪժ¥ҾͲҶ㣡
ˣɲá
æűȥелú˵֡

մ޽ǵһͷСĽڵأǱ˼С೷ʣҪ짷ѣ⽣㲻顣 
㡭Ҳʹֽ 
ǰƿ״̬մ磬ᣬ۸С࣬ȥ˰ɡ 
Сɣֻ۾۸ΪǺá 
ҪΪǺãʲôҪ 
ããʲôԣⲻֺáմߵһ˦䣬ת˳ȥ 
СûпңͷȥղŵĻ㶼˰ɣ 
С࣬㣡 
СӦҲ˺ģȻһҲСģΪҪһȾҪ 

С࣡ 
䣬صңջ£ͱͻĻһʲô 
ܵǰ̧ͷ˵С֪࣬ǶڻСһẦǵġ 
Цԭ˵£ûС࣬Ͳͬסˡ 
ǣմ۸С࡭ 
Ǹҩӣ˻ҩ֮⣬ʲô 
ǡ 
ҺĻû˵Ϊ˫ҵµýģְұ͵ϣȻʼһҵĴǡ 
һæʵǲ֪ʲô 
Сɣֲԣʱȥĺ𣿡 
š 
ûȥģΪֺɵҵ£ʼҵ䣬ƶҵĸ¡ 
 
þûôӴˣȫʱĴ࣬ҿʼƮƮɣʵĻҲ׵ȥˡ 


Ҫʾʲôأ 
ˣС£һ֪ʲôһµʲôᣬҡ 
Щʹ㹱ϣְݣת 
ǰԺϾҴ߹ͷһװûȴǰҵСɣҸյõϢ޹ͻȻʧ𣬹ȫ𺣣ҪϽһˡ 
һĲ׿ˣæʵأҲûӳ𣿡 
ҵõϢģʵδСɣԹԵĴҪ߶ҲҪȥСǱߡ 
Ϊʲô 
΢һԥұ֪ҪһҪЩ򣬱ãģմ磬ǺһȥɣӸպã¡ 
佻짷ȥҾ˾ûӫѩأġͣһֵѰź¥ǻúñģҲЩϻչ˺Լ 
š 
žҴȥͻȻеܲ޹ôʱͻȻʧ 

û˵ȥأֱҲûԽԽĻţֱһǳ£ҵϢҲйزϵȫߣСҲˣһŤͣȻܳҵĻ˳ȥ 
С̣ 
Ҫȥ׷С̣Ȼ˽ӣҶɽׯĹ 
̫ϰ߱ôƺæվӡ 
ĽԶʲô 
ҳɣҶȥ 
᲻Ӳ 
ҪĽԶӲ鷳ûĶ֡ 
ӷģûǸ¡ 
⻰һ㶣ҶȴЦЦˡ 
ĽԶ޹֮⣬ͻȻԼû 
Ϣȣﾫ˶Ǹ֣ 
ףô֪Ǹ֣ 
һķӦЩ̻󣬲̱Ǿǰú˵ģûע⣬ڲž쵽¥ƺ˲İס 

һҶֻ档ӣĹ˵ҲУֻ֪Ƿи˵Щʲô 
Ҳ֪ 
ΪĹϵҽ˯Ȼ֪Ƿҹ˵֪Ĺʲô 
üҶºҸ߳ţ̱㷢ֲԶӰζ˻ط䣬ĲԽԽǿҡ 
ɫҿʼЩ˱ض뿪Ժӣƿ󴰣˳ȥ 
Ϊ̷ҵ٣ƺҵĽŲᣬûκˣסС෿ȥ 
ǸûĻͷˡ 
СȻڷڣڳȻ죬ҵͷֻС̳Դβһָָ 
С̣֪С 
С̵һͷȥæϡ 

Сھ鷿ǰͣһæֽС˽ȥ 
С鷿Уվǽϵｭɽͼǰû쵽ҵĽֻһӣ˿徫ı֯ĻᡱسΣһƵĶӵСֽ̽ӹ 
ԭǱ֯ڻ֮Уժ¥֯£һ֯鷿û⣬ѹսôҲˡ 
С࡭ 
ҳɵĽһСһȴûлͷֻôˣ 
Ϊʼնҡ 
Ļһعͷվҵĺ棬ɫ԰ף˵Ĺâ 
ԭСղŵĻҡ 

СתûңֻĿⶢ磬㲻ҲûŹ𣿻˵ʲôõĻ 
첽߳ӣһСǰѳָСѶ£ 
짷磬ǵԼ˵ĻԶҰνԭЩ˵˵ġ 
ǣС࣬ҪҵҾ֣ĽݵĶҲߣ 
СеӣҶȤΪöҪĶ

һ䣬ٿæὣܿСԺ
Ҫˣۣ˵ģ治Ǳúõģ˵ͷ
Ҷµᣬţֻ˸֮䣬СȻһģһͣĽǰأŵ̳һֵԥСֳ磬ǰѨһΣ㵹ȥ

С࣬ȻЦһС࣬ƭҡ
ǸΪԼԸ룬ֵֹ˭
С̫࣬ˣ
Ҳ̲ס˵Сеĳָңȵû£һȥ
Сÿֲ
ҧҧ촽û˵Թ˵ᡣ
縩ڵأҧɱң
С൭ҲɱģСɶҩˣ˵á
ԭˡ
ǣڲ֪޴СթĽĽĽݾƾٳзƣǺͿĽݾܰıȥǱ㽫ƾͼƣ¥֮ʣҵڣ짷磬ʱûժ¥ⶼ𣿡
ԶȻҿ磬ɫƽƺû쵽ıʡ

Цһӻ˽ỹڶĺϾǳ־ɫ
ˡ
Сǰһ񣬹еıȥӹһ£¶ϲ֮ɫ͵͵ȥֻǽȴ֪дĺ֡
ͻȻЦ
Ҳ©һ㲻Щͳµıööֻи֣һöϵһܵǧҲ룬ҪȫĽݾֻа顣
ĻŭЦ
짷磬Ҳû뵽˵öһıѾˣöϲ±ʹĽݾұȨȴ벻ʱҵõöڻڸĽأϲһöҲҵϣС࣬˵ҩǸᴦãȰǵѪŸɾˣ˾Ͳˣʡÿķ

СûӦȴõ֮ĶԹˣûҪΪɱˡ
һ㶣ٿɫ䣬齣Ҽɨڵأмλм£̧ͷֻΧǽܺݣֻ
俴Сࡣ㾹Ұң
СĿѨһߣɵСࣿ
չ˺СɡСһ٣ֶڿ¶ס˰ɣĽݾ˸ССϹ
Цһ࣬书˭̵ģƾҲҰң
һ䣬ָΧǽϸмӦ£̷֮£ҪСͻȻɫ䣬С࣬з˵Ĺâ
࣬¶
бӵϣСЦ书˫Ҳδܽɵľ綾̫ļˣѵûָղҸʱֻһ𣿡

ҿһС࣬ѷѪһĺ⣬˻С࣬ɱûװɣ
Ծʿƻӳ˦һߣһײΧǽϣԽû뵽жᾹ׺ŵñܵµȴΪ£ǲϴѪȼ˻ҿʼĪ˷ܡ
ԾСǰ˫ƻӳֱСǣСӽӭܹȥƷ絴һߣƳȭСǰæסСࡣ
ɵĶҩɽ⣬ɲ޷Ƴ
ЦƣѳڣָҲںһƬԭѰѶƵϡ
ЦУƼС࣬ȴ۳ɹϮ磬еС˱ɵĶǻңŲ˶á
С࿰ܹƣȴסֻһҽУһ˱ӵһȴֱɳȥļʿײһߡ
ǽⲻڶʿӿһۼսһţæèܿ͵͵ڵϵİȻ֪СʱڱͿС̵ĶҰٶ֣ĶӦ˲ҵġ
ҸձܵǽǣһŴǵ£ڵУ˻УСͻȻеСģ

ָֻܣĺУ类С೶ס˦һԣͬʱһöλãǽըɿС౻ڵأδͱһƻǰˤ˳ȥæǰס
ۼڽǼѪȴԽŲСȥ˳ֳڽԵһᱳ¡
С࣬ұȪ߲ɣ
̽νһ俴תѪǲŵĿ⣬ͻȻһ𣬷
ӹľһѪŭУֱֱˤȥüͷ
ῴѪȳζ
ߵߣңᵹڵأѪϴﾱӿƺδ˫ĿԲϷͺƺԼʧܡ

˻˻
С̱ش˳ǰľһСԴһڣԾĿңҲԾĿٿԼеĽǰһΣæ˳ȥ
С̣ɱˣɱ
ұ죬޳ɱˣҪǿɱˣһ᲻˵ġ
ͷεĿʼʹΧɱкƺҺңԶãȻܣֻСֽĻæײײ˹ȥһʧӣС̱Щ˷ܵɫ˻һҵĻ 

ɱ 100

С࣡
ұСߣֻסС࣬ȥߵѪϰοСС࣬ûˣûˡ
СЦЦ
짷磬ҸĽݾ͵ӣȡʱͿ˶û뵽ʱԶɣȽ򵹣δػмƣȿȡԲ벻Ĺ֮ߣɵĶס 
СҵĿеҪ˵ˣҪ˵ˣ
Ҳ˵Ժû˵ˡ
СϢһס硣ҰĲıȨ䱻ɣԵ𱊶ֵ࣬ǰöǴ󻼣짷磬㻹飬Ӵˣ޾𡭡
˭˵ûоһǷģС࣬ûз֣ղŲΪ˾ңͲˣһκ㣬ϴѾˣԺ󶼻һ𡭡
짷磬Ҳ㣬ʹǻҲһ𣡶ⰹĳҲٴȥ
СĻ͸նľȴеǲǣС࣬ҲС࡭۾С࣡
ӦСĿԣĻȻһЦ˵짷磬һƭһ¡ҸͲɱ⣡
С࡭
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С൭΢Цͣϣε˫ĿȴϣĴ
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硭ҵĻһڣ̱˻ȥ
ŵһ£С໹ûؿԻϸ΢ĺҪɱ˵ңֻĶסˡ
С࣬ɵӣңͲҪá
磬ҪС͸Ͼ޿䣡

վŷЩҶҵΧҲ£ֻŵǼöҩ̫Եв֮£ҹĻĴǺ˵ĻҩѪ
ӣ̫Σգ»ҵǱڰطȥһҶ˵
Ҳ˳ֶǼҶıýͷһ£СᵹڵأԸ˷չӵҩȥΪСˡ
С޿ܾȵʱҲĲɴࡣ
ǣ
ҶĻػ͸ĪĹŹ֣ɻĿŷýֻһߣףҸղŶὣƺ𣿲֪ΪʲǸƺȻҷӦʱѽҵˡ

üҶСҩҰٺãۼС˫Ŀգ˿ҵıЩǰסСֵС࣬ӦúӲģϴͦȥһҲԣ
ȥҴˣҵİΣҲת˷˭֪յԺţӭ˴˽һӽ㿳˹ȥȴԷָס죬Сɣʲʱ㹦ˣ
³
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Сղ˵ӺץҪƾģǼĵطˣ³֪£Ҳ˰ţҵıԷ
ãȥСࡣ
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ۼ³ɫѿұϵ˼֣ѯĻͲʳڡ
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˴ԣɫһ䣬ӻ˻Σһԣ૵ģһа취ɾȣһԡ

˵ĶԻٿϢ΢С࣬˵ʲο磬һֱĬԵĽԶת˳ȥһҲĸ˳ȥ

ιʲ
мҶȻĽԶ۸ңʻҲǿӲ˺öࡣ
Ҵ壬Ҫñˣɶܰıȥұˡ
ĽԶɫ԰׽ǣһƽʱǸа̬ǱֵȶãھȻʵʵĻشҵ⣬ĸ⡣
鷿ȥƺȥѰұԥһ£֪òðʵ˵
ǺˣܲӣȻӦаţһͿ˾綾ıʹȥҲʲΣգҵƾöҲ˱
ҸĽԶ߽鷿еι
ʲ
ĽԶ̬൱ã鷿߰㣬Ҳŭ𣬽еŪҾĶ
⻰ĽԶϴܵҵǰ̱ǰס
Ĺӣ벻ҪԹ
ĽԶƿǣҼеʵСɣǲ֪ҲϣµĶԲԣҼξķϣң

ĽԶȻ˵ȹңҾͲˡ
ӣĽԶͷʲ񣿡
Ҿ˲ҪҪߵڰף͵ϰ飬ץҵΧңŪңΪҿɱǮ壬ÿζ뺦ңھȻ˵ʲȹҵĻ
֪ǲǱģĽԶ԰׵ɫøˣֱ˵ǲҰףҵ᲻һιȥ

ɱ 101

ĽԶͻȻЦ
һͬ簡ϲҺ㣿͵ҲãץΧҲãģҪǵǰ飬类ˣǴΧҷżһһӲʹҲϹˣûھ㣿㱻СƭҶɽׯһأҪȴ˹ȥڱĿ֮޷㣬˵类Ǿ͵ˣǸŮ˰Ҷ簮÷ƫƫҶ籦ģ˵㺦˭

ʲ
ĽԶһ˵ҲԼЩˣ˵ĺҲЩÿζ۸ңһҲ
ɱǮ塭
ȵȣҲûĽԶɱǮ壬ֻǮķ䣬ﻹһѵ
ĽԶɴͲˣֻһ˫׳յҡ
֮ǰЩͻȻ˹
ѵǴɱǮ壿ٺ٣ã˼˭һֱͣΪܶԸɱڡ
˵ĽԶûкңÿλȹңҳЦЦȻҵĵǸ
ΪʲҪͣǶϲ㣬㲻Ǹ﷿СЬ䣡
ȻңΪʲÿ۸ңҡ
Ϊ㣬ֱִĲ˵רȥȻˣи͹ˣҲ壡
ѵ˵㡭ϲ
Ļû˵飬ȫ׹ˡ
ѹĽԶһʼͶԸңѹвңңԭΪʣ
ֻмʲŻһ˷˱ò޷ȴ־ҵľٶһ
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ĽԶһɵı飬æղŻأ±ҲжҸһȥˡ
У
ͬʱ˵ģҿǣû뵽Լһ仰Ӧ
ڸǽ棬¼ٱƭˣΪԷһѰģҪȥʲ̵ģɱңҿɲΪһ
ŲأҪ¾Ϊʲÿλ۸ңҪһȥҪ뿪ҪҲŲá
С׳գΪããԸ͸ҿɲ𡣡
ҪĽԶ뿪Ҷӣ򲻿ɡ
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ĽԶһǰȥҺҶĽԶֱǷֵҾȻȸϣԭЩҲȥ룬ֻȥá
ĽԶԺУʵιΪʲһҪѱǸСֻٰƾһܳɹ
ߣӵ𣿺οҶҲģȻô˻ὫѾɱ󻼣СɣҴκ㣬ΪŹ𣿺οͳңĴɱѱףĽݸ±Ǵ⣬Իһʯ֮ơ
Լˣ˾ӣŲˣ˼
ҵĻĽԶǺһЦ
Сɣ㻹˽Ҷ磬˻ϵİĴܻ죿һǸˣⱲΨһһ¾ǿ㡣
ĽԶĳǼʣҲƽϡ

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ĽԶңǳǰбĵطɽĺ󱳻иͦĴׯԼׯﲻжǿɣı
Լׯ
ǲסĵط

ǰߣĸѪȣζŨң·߻һЩǹнйһҵɱ
ɽΧܶٱڿǺ̴ңסҺΪ׵ĽʶĽԶ˵Ҫɽ󣬱ȰĹӣĽ݌˶ɽϣ׽ҪЮԾӲֻȥǽ棬ʱפֻĽ݌̶óȻȥΣա?lt;BR>Ҫȥ
ĽԶ⣬æǿĽԶһۣЦ򻢲ֵܣĽһڶأ
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ҿĽԶȻ̸Цȴڵ֮ɫ֪бضǺҪģұǺģȴĿΪĹۡ
㲻˵׵ǻʲ
öԸĿģսظһ𣬶ȴֻм棬ٱ࣬ȴҲ޳Ī
սɱΪʲֻǣ
Ҳ˵ɱˣֻҪǮʲ

ĽԶͻȻЦ 
һͬ簡ϲҺ㣿͵ҲãץΧҲãģҪǵǰ飬类ˣǴΧҷżһһӲʹҲϹˣûھ㣿㱻СƭҶɽׯһأҪȴ˹ȥĿ֮޷㣬˵类Ǿ͵ˣǸŮ˰Ҷ簮÷ƫƫҶ籦ģ˵㺦˭ 
 
ʲᣬ 
ĽԶһ˵ҲԼЩˣ˵ĺҲЩÿζ۸ңһҲ 
ɱǮ塭 
ȵȣҲûĽԶɱǮ壬ֻǮķ䣬ﻹһѵ 
ĽԶɴͲˣֻһ˫׳յҡ 
֮ǰЩͻȻ˹ 
ѵǴɱǮ壿ٺ٣ã˼˭һֱͣΪܶԸɱڡ 
˵ĽԶûкңÿλȹңҳЦЦȻҵĵǸ 
ΪʲҪͣǶϲ㣬㲻ǸⷷСˣЬ䣡 
ȻңΪʲÿ۸ңҡ 
Ϊ㣬ֱִĲ˵רȥȻˣи͹ˣҲ壡 
ѵ˵㡭ϲ 
Ļû˵飬ȫ׹ˡ 
ѹĽԶһʼͶԸңѹвңңԭΪʣ 
ֻмʲŻһ˷˱ò޷ȴ־ҵľٶһ 
ˣѱȥˣ 
Ŷ 
˵ĽԶͲǻˣҴӻͳĽԶֱҪӹæ㲻ã汻Ϳ߶ 
߶ 
ĽԶһɵı飬æղŻأ±ҲжҸһȥˡ 
У 
ͬʱ˵ģҿǣû뵽Լһ仰Ӧ 
ڸǽ棬¼ٱƭˣΪԷһѰģҪȥʲ̵ģɱңҿɲΪһ 
ŲأҪ¾Ϊʲÿλ۸ңҪһȥҪ뿪ҪҲŲá 
С׳գΪããԸ͸ҿɲ𡣡 
ҪĽԶ뿪Ҷӣ򲻿ɡ 
ǣҸĽԶ˳ȥҲһ·ܵ¥⡣ 
 
¥ǰвƥ³ģҽӹĽԶݹ֣ԾȥĽԶһ㶣̾絣£ѽ㹦ˣ㻹û˵ 
򣿾пнҹ 
ҿƥҸͷߵҲһ㶣ģ 
ߡ 
ĽԶһ֣ǰȥҺҶᣬĽԶֱǷֵҾȻȸϣԭЩҲȥ룬ֻȥá 
ĽԶԺУʵιΪʲһҪѱǸСֻٰƾһܳɹ 
ߣӵ𣿺οҶҲģȻô˻ὫѾɱỼСɣҴκ㣬ΪŹ𣿺οͳңĴɱѱףĽݸ±Ǵ⣬Իһʯ֮ơ 
Լˣ˾ӣŲˣ˼ 
ҵĻĽԶǺһЦ 
Сɣ㻹˽Ҷ磬˻ϵİĴܻ죿һǸˣⱲΨһһ¾ǿ㡣 
ĽԶĳǼʣҲƽϡ 
 
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ĽԶңǳǰбĵطɽᱳиͦĴׯԼׯﲻжǿɣı 
Լׯ 
ǲסĵط 
 
ǰߣĸѪȣζŨң·߻һЩǹнйһҵɱ 
ɽΧܶٱڿ̴ңסҺΪ׵ĽʶĽԶ˵ҪɽᣬȰĹӣĽ˶ɽϣ׽ҪЮԾӲֻȥǽ棬ʱפֻĽ̶óȻȥΣա 
Ҫȥ 
ĽԶ⣬æǿĽԶһۣЦ򻢲ֵܣĽһڶأ 
ǽĽԶѾûжǰʿÿ·ǹȥɸҵҶȴ 
ҿĽԶȻ̸Цȴڵ֮ɫ֪бضǺҪģұǺģȴĿΪĹۡ 
㲻˵׵ǻʲ᣿ 
öԸĿģսظһ𣬶ȴֻм棬ٱ࣬ȴҲ޳Ī 
սɱΪʲֻǣ 
Ҳ˵ɱˣֻҪǮʲ᲻ 

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˵Ҳ֣Ի֮ϾйСȻǺԴԴϢȫشܶҿȫӦı߶ƣ 
ϸϸ춯ȴҵľҿǰɽ壬ĽԶʵʲô𣿡 
ûа˷Ƿ 
𣿷ôĽԶô 
ҲֻԼ˻˻һȳ֮͵˽ǰ 
ĽԶͻȻȻˣֵߣл𣿿 
ߣ 
ĽԶѽһöӵֻҹɫУȺܲӿȺ߱ƣĵطסͣ£ͷ׺ݵĳźţŤ˻УĽԶ󣬳ʣסʱܾȺ 

ҿ÷æС̣ô죿ûа취˿ 
СЩӦİɣĺЩŤŤȥļһ£Ƕģ治ߣΪʲôҼС̾ôɰ 
ҵʻСһﶯ˶ȴûӦûӦֻͨһ˯ 
ĽԶȴһۣڸ˭˵ 
СС̣ 
С̻ûôУС̣쵰СߣٲûеĳԣûйƺȣûůСѣҲҪˣɽﵱҰߺˣ 
ιû°ɣĽԶɵˣ 
䣬С̾һ˳ֺõҵֱȴһСڡ 
㲻𣿵ܲܰЩĶߣôѹѹһƬöġ 
СҵļͷһͷŴͣһ˻УʶСҴû˼й·𳤿Ƶڶ߻̲סס˶䣬˲䣬ȺǰŤȺ߱˵߶Ӷʱ궯˻˻УӿζȥǰʱһƬյأֻһЩճ֭ҺЩɢڿС 

ĽԶò˼۹⿴ҡ죬ʲôߣ 
ҵС̡ 
С˦βָֻͣƽʱӣ˸ǷһҵĻ 
Ҵѵĸ֣Щ߶ιģǾڸ 
ǿˡ 
ͻȻ㷲ӱض˲Ըɣϵ˸պãôսĶ֣ 
 
߲ԶæָָߵǱߣߡ 
ĽԶô֪Ǳߣ 
ûмʲôֱȥܿϴҽǰֻմ磬ӫѩһЩսһţ⽣ӰУ̶ĳХ˹Ҷ䱻죬æס˫èһߡ 

Ǳߡ 
ҼӵڲԶߣ߲޿֮ˣæָĽԶһ龰̾˹ȥȴֲṦ򣬻ǲĺá 
 
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ֻ޹ѿǣΪù𣿻ĽݼΪ͢ԲŲǵ·ΪλҪִԲһٴΪõһöССıͳ𣿡 

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磬еͶĽݾԸǡ 
δȴЦݺݵ˵ĽݾΪһЩڵûɱʱɱ㣡 
վ̶ߣɢ󣬺ɫĳڷɢҰ׵ļģԵùɲ㲵ŶĹâ䶢žǼָ·ĺ⣬ҽס 

 
ȴĽԶӷӿȥƺ˵ǰЩ죬ҲվסֻܴĽԶļϣĽԶ״̶ԴŭΪʲôҪ磿θɣ 

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䣬һֱǣ鼱УСģ 
ĽԶΪסӣͻȻ޷æһתԼ佣ӵĻմ缸ҳͬʱɽסǵ⣬б꣬մг˳ȥǵҲ֮ջء 

 
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սժϵ߽ӵһߣݵӣȫһ 
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ЦֻȥȪǸɣ 
 
ĽԶͻȻе磬ҪıСϣ 
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ұǸϤĻȫһԾԶƽ֮ϣأ˻ðһƺ̣ŵһֶ䵽ϣﻹڣ 

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ͻȻɫһ䣬ֵĹâ͵˦ıϵػӶ֣ƵѳʺɫĽԶ״ԾĿҡ߶ 

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Ļһ䣬Χܵʿ̷׷Ϯ˹§ڻմӫѩ̽ػסҵ 
ұ§סڵ⽣Ӱߣһĺһֱ׷ϣҸеǹ籡ɱʹÿҲ֪ǻȪսɱƢ޿ӡ 

 
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ߣȪսɱ⡭ 
оԼƮƮƶƮƮǵȥҺӺܸߵĵطȥ 
 
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СɣôˣСɣ 
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ϵ֮ҵҲƮƮĵУҶֱ׹ȥ 
ļԽԽǣƺ¾𣬱ðӣҩĽݸȻС࣬ 
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ȻˣңԦĵʮԦˮԽ˵Ѫ⣬Һ 
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սɱɱ 
ӷ޴ս 
Ȼð£Ͳࣿ 
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սЦûأӣ 
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սһ漴̾ѹֻҵǸߣһ£û뵽Ȼܻ 
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͵ǰأֻеСɣҪˣ 
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ԼϮ˾УӰ΢б·ִ̳̽תս°紦ҵĽûʺ 
̫ļˣϵǱ䳤Ȼշ硣 
磬ѷ֡ 
սϸһ˿ֵ΢Цסҵ˫ɱ⣬ʼնûӮù㣡 
սˣʹѾӮˣԳ춵£ңҪ쳾бߡ 
齣Ϣģս޳ֱֱȥ 
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ҵɱ壬˶ҵƶ׷˵һߣҲǣֻ˫춿־ӲϵŲҵ쵽˼㡣 
ҰĿתͷС̣߰ͷ˷ܵţﾡײкݱҵıɡ 
תҵЦС̣˶˵ǰٶ֮ףŮ˱Ƥë㲻ϣ˵ǲҪڳʲģ 
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Ҫɱˣ 
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еӫѩҳرۿͨϿԵˣЦǰҵǰҵӣһҽ͸ӡ 
һӣбѻΪˮΣƿڡ 
һҵĽڵָײ˺ץԼϣ˲绨òѪ죬۾ģƤϿ־͹ʹļ˶̲סȥ 
ӣҲתǳЦ 
˰ɣ֪֪ʱ˻ʹ࣬Ļɱȴ˱ 
ЦڣӲͣʹ壬ģζܺܰɣ 
ѱѪ˰ŮѾѾľֻ૵ɱҰɣ㣬ɱҡ 
Цɱ㣿Ϊ飬ҾͲɱ㣬ˣ㻹ܾãֻÿһ㶼ᶾղûܽµĶΪѾѪҺѪŵһʣ 
ҵĻһŮ̴˻㣬ɡܲˡ 
˻üͷۼĽѵڵϣûϢⳡսǻʤˣ޹أԼͳ𣬽ѵ̫ãߵ£ҽĿƵĽݾϡ 
Ҫ 
Сɣѣ 
Ҫ˹ӡ 

ɢɱ⽫Χд״̬˻ѣ˶غ 
ϧɱҪµûס 
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Ŀһ˲ҵҲʹҲ֪Լʹ֪ɱˣûʹǰͨһ㣬ڴ̽ʱҲ̴ҵš

ɱ 105

ƺȫûиеʹɺƽңػСɣСɡ
ĸӵʹҴеҲСɣ̷ɣ
ѵѾǸͿСɵϣҪɱ֣ΪʲУ㶼
ΡΡ̧ҵǰҿŵúĻɫֽƬھʵСɣңҲƽһЩӡ
ǣҺ;ЩӣпģҲģǶһԶ޷ȴļ䣬ҹһʱΪƽͻȻиŴڶ߻ص
ԸΪκ£Ǹҵ
ǲңҲǸɱ֣Ϊ˸Լ
ǽס̽ѿʼҺ;ĿԣԶ¶΢ЦºӣҲļеĽ޷¡
̽͵سأû֧ţҿ˳ڵأӫѩմ缱ס˫Ŀ磬ŭضסҡ
մ޺޵ѹĽҪС㣬ƫƫеģǵõյĶ飬͵Ź
ΪʲҵĽѰγʹͣЪұͷȥ԰׵ӣֻǲӦùңֻǸɱ֣ίк쳾ɱĽݾһꡣ
մԣϽеУίУǲǿԾʹ˰֣
ѯʵ佻ҵգҲ£պ쳾ĹأҸĽݾֻ֮һܴҲڳ׷ɱݣ
ҰĿƵϣĿѪǰһѣصʵԼ޻죬ĽݾһҾ͵죬ʱȡ
һݣûҹɫ֮УҲ֪պԼҽ飬Ҳ˵ұҲ޷ֶȥ
Һ;ֻ֮һ˻

ããҹɫণƮɢѪȵʹɱȻԶߣڳȴ˭Ҳ޷лع
ٿٿȥѩצǰֻһû˵Ӱ
˸ߵṦǻȪսĽ¾߲һУҪɱ˭˱ֻȥ·
ĽͻȻԭСɸСɣڱ£ҲͲ·

ĽݾӫѩĲվֱӣҴӲڣ
ͰˣֺαغڣһԼİ֮ҲõĽ֡

磬硭
΢˹ѱڵľ綾ĥòΣȴִĶסĽݾ̧¶һ˿Ρ
Ľݾԥһ£ߵߣ
ֻմѪס½󣬲ͣ
磬ίɱɱģ𣿡
Ľݾҡҡͷ
ûҲû޹ûϹУΪֻǸлÿɰöѡ
ǺЦѪģȴϢһµ磬ҲмһˣԲίк쳾Ҫɺȴ˻ڣԲʱһ¸Ϊһ꣬һ֮ֻΪӮһЩʱ䣬ίսȥ׷ɱɱ⣬ϧղ㡭ȿȡ磬ǵ𣿴СõģҲңҴӺܾǰϲ˶磬ϲң
˫ε˫ĽݾȴֻԣҲϲǽǸõĳ谮޹Ů֮顣
Ľݾ̷ֽɷŴϵǽ˿ڲѪֹסֱϡ
Ҳϲһκ㣬㲻ʹòã
Ļ۾һϸָקסĽݾ䣬Ϣ磬춽ҵˣҺÿġϲңΪʲ빬ʱһ仰˵Ϊʲûһ飿
ΪʲǸĸֻ֮Ǹͬĸĸ磬ʲʸΪ˵
磬ĺð㡭Ҹ㣡
ͻȻ棬ЦһԷȻ£б̹Ľݾۺ󲻴һ˿ԥش̽Լš
磬ҵòĶҲ˵õҾɱɱ㣬Ҳֻҵϣ磬ͬȪɡ
ļЦӼҹںڰлصһҵĲȻͣĽݾĻûϢ

ӣˡ
ĽݾûԼϵˣƽڵϣվ˵Լû£ɲһſڣеɤһѪʱӿ˳
˾УĽݾӻ˻ΣԵȥ 

106 

ҹʱⳤͤ 
Ľݾͤʯǰ˲ֻһöڷҡͤΧӳĺʺ˳̨£ȥʱ޿κȴҪĲʡ 
ϸ΢ĽŲĽݾδͷֻǽеһ΢Цʱ꣬Ȼ׼ʱ 

ھĺפͣ£鸴ӵؿǰ֮ˡ 
Ϊպժ¥ڱһѪսȴû뵽ܹˣ︰ᣬҿݣȴܴƽ͵оľΪλƽѵԵѲǸ¶Сɣɱ̷ɣ 
ϤİıӰ֪ļˣҺ 
Ȼһ˲ĻҲ֪Լ׼ʱԼΪǸ׷񣿻ǽΪ˼һ棿 

ȻˣһƷɣǰǳ͢ƷѰǺȲġ 
һƽһºͣ·ҪԵĲ֮ˣǶ֪ѡ 
žò裬һߵĶ治ԶסңŲһ漴΢ЦСɣղ˺öࡣ 
ҹָȻָԭȵģ 
ԭ䲻羲ҲеģСͯģ 
Сͻ񣬴û˸˷ܵĳƺңҾеСɲҡ 
ȻϵԽбΣҵﻹǲĵĲá 
ҲƷģʱѵĽݾóֽɡ 
ûȴһûý 
㲻ΪͽҲܶԸҰɣ 
ƽϻһ˿ЦȿȡСɣ˵˺㣬仰ҲǣȴԶǵá 
ǸƺӷŭĽݾѰɣҲСɣ 
ʮﳤͤÿӭֻΪ𣬽ΪԼͱСɣллң𣬺Ц泯ңְɣ 
֣ô֣ 
ǰûµ֣ѵҰлȫ֮µ 
ˣضкöģһɱˣȴû˻ȥ⣬ܿͻĴڣΪҲǸϲСɣԶǣ 
ʵ֮ǰѾ˼ƽϣҵԻѳ˯Сɣסһ˼ôһкη 
ƺһУȴΨ©һû뵽᲻Լ 

վҵǰʹһָԭΣҲЩ֮ҿǵЦգӳ¡ 
޳ӰͻȻһ޷ƵľȣҲ֪ʲôô 
һְֻסؿ˺ܾãӿңɱɱǲԥģСɣԥ㶯飬᲻ɱ𣿡 
ˣɱֵĴɣ 
иаڲϽɱɱˣֻعɱݣϲֲ㣬ɱ 
ҲɱԣҲɱ⣬Сɣÿ춼Цգÿ춼Լϲߡ 
Сɡ 
վס 
ȵĿԣһһ𣬾ʵ˶ 
Ķǰü͸źҹɫ̫û⣬һֱΪƵԵʡ 
˭Ҹ¶ 
ǰý˱̲ϹƵӻңϴûзСɵѪҸŲ졭 
ľŭͲɶֹйǸɵļˣҪ¶ҵһɱ 

̲Ϲ置Ĺƶ總֮ѪȫѪҺ̣սӲţ״ʬҶƢظʹѵľôģ 
ЦһֵΪʲôҪ죿죬ǿЩ𣿿ȿȣ˾˺佻ķҽ飬ΪҽⶾʵҶ֪ûܽ˱̲ϹƵĶȿȡ⼸һֱں£³Ų㣬СɣҺÿģȻ󲻳ĳ࣬ضҲ۰ġ 
ⷬķ˾ֻ棬ûлӦȴͳĽ̽磬ȻЩճѪҺŽİγһ˳ŵңʯӿʼҡҡ׹ 
ѶֻΪ⸱ӣҾͲûҽʹ㣬Ľݾ 
ԽסѪֹؿڣֻǾҡСɡ 
˵ҪٽСɣ 
ֳδǾ磬ۿŻѪȴֻҧӦţһ˿Ҳ 
һҵĲǸ֧Ųס˳ʯ˵ڵأϵĲѱ򷭣˳£;ʯϵѪڵһ 
Сɡ 
ĺд޷͵ʹ࣬Ȼ̲ϹƵĶԭʹѵ 
΢һԥ˹ȥֽڵϵ˱ 
ǵһΣҽԼϲ˽ȻҲһΡ 
쵽ǰǲűѪİ߲ƽϢժҿСɵӺ𣿡 
ûбҪĻظ 
Сɡ 
޳ĽüʹһţʧҡҶˣѵԸ㶼ϴӦ𣿡 
ǽ֮ˣҵò㿴벻к𣿡 
ջһУʹ 

֪̾˿˫ζЦڴߣȴϣǰ͵صȥƽҶƮء 
ͤںڰ 
ֽƽ𣬰·ŻؾĻУȻͷǱ˫ӵס 
˭˵ûܽ˱̲ϹƵĶɱ˭һˣҪ˭Ͳ 
һСɣҲңǰеĽĵ

107 

Ľݾӻһʵº͵ڸӵı̺ϣůֻĻ̻ 
һŵڰȴǽбһ֧ѣƳɵϰڷһʽղߣͷɴһ˿޵Ĳҩܰ㡣 
 

Ľݾ΢˫ۣϣԺű̲ϹĥĿʹͱкźľ 
СˣҪȡˣ 
Ľݾη̲Ϲƴʹ࣬ҲȽʹ죬ҲǺеңΪľٶСɾͲΪҪҪɱѣɱպģΪϣСɵдʱؿƯͫ޷εİˡ 
סڵʹԼֻСһ棬ɵ쵽ԷֵԥΪ֮ϲʱǱȴֱ̽Ŀڣ 
һɲǵʹôĿ̹ġ 
ԭͷβһڳϷı飬ҲϤģͬСǻƣȴƢֻţͻȻȷǲǸˣ뿴Сɵӣô𰸵Ψһ;ɶԷȴ 
СɱϾǰˣøɸɾ׵ףɱ˵ֻеһѡ 
֮鷴ƽʹ࣬һȥѰһֻء 
Ϊʲô˼䣿ɱеεѵģ 
Сɡ 
˫ξ˫Ľݾһʹ 

֨ 
ű򿪣нŲĽݾ΢ص˫ 
Ǹһ£Ʈݵ깫ӣ˫ͫЩϣʤѩǳЦݸ˻ǣδر³ȴ˷ݳĵš 
ĽݾʶôֻҪһ棬û˻ˡ 
Ľݾɻ󣬰չüЦŽɣȻ񰡣ǲԼУϧû˸Ҷһѣ˵ӢǼįġ 
ң 
ĽݾǵԼؿڼ˫綼˽ˣʱûʹ֮УвɵЩɻ 
ʼ磬еҩŵϣ£ĽݾΪб°ɱ¾ȳ𣿡 
һתĽݾȫ΢æʵС 
ûܴ⽣ɱˣɱ 
ûб̲ϹƷʱʹо˿˿Ĳҩζ 

ԣƯ¶ܹŹֵ飬͵شϵսĽݾ£ʵСɣû˸ôƺҾ֪ǹϵ򵥣ôϻϣ 
ʲô 
û뵽ôų³ĻĽݾԾĿΪԼ֮ʡ 
˭ʲôط 
Ľݾʻðһڿ۾ֽеʲôӹŹȻ֪˭³ͤ˭ܾȵ㣿ôô̷֪ܲôϲôªŵˣ 
ԭչȵͤ 
ô֪ܲͤĴڲǰ˱̲Ϲʱ³Ҫչҽֻһʱ֮û뵽ѣΪʵ޷ǰŭԹڼ˺ʹ˵ƽȣҲϵһ 

ƯһٷйĽݾ£ʼ̸ 
ͤҪˣүߣ˵˱̲Ϲƣɣǰ̷ɵѪ³Ųҡ̷ɵϣҸõĿɶȫõҩ˯˴£ҲãҲãҲúõĲˣˣǼΪ˸Ŷ̵ģ㲻Ϊ̷Ҫɱɣ 
뵽ģɱˣسڶСɡ 

ÿȵҩﶼ̷ɵѪҩӴ˵ڵҲǰٶˣԱ̲ϹƵİԵκˣҲᱻ綾ĥʹ಻ʹˣĹҲ˴룬ǿϧϧ 
жʹĽݾںû˻ֻ֪Сɵ䣬ԼѪҩǺһѪԼڣ 
С 
ͤĵʼ磬㻹ûشҵأ˭˭£ 
ǰΪƹˣĽݾ̲סҪһȭӹȥˣӳݷݺݼһֺʵСɵ 
¸Ұ 
ͤ۾һǺЦҲҲǣ̷ɿߣôôͻСӣҿɴӲֳ֪ý֮⻹ô顣 
죬ΪҽĴôô裿Ľݾʲôаټһˣ²͸СôΪԼ˵ģ 

ʵ̷Ѿˣǽ뿪ģҩҪ֮ǰ£ 
ŷϵҩĽݾͻȻӿһͷʲôҩ 
ͤ̾˿飡 
飿 
飬ǰ£Ҳ뼺޹أ߽һµֻء 
ǡΪʲô 
СɣȻľңΪҪȴǺеĽ 
ңΪ飬ֻ飿 
ĽݾסڵĮĮͤʵΪβҹ£ 
ΪβΪʲô̷ɲ£ͤüҾѵҾȨҵԼҪҪ顣 
Ҳȣ 
ôԺȣеǸ˾ȻҪһȫþ⣿ 
ȲҪô¾Ҹ£֮ɡ

108.
ͤ˶ȣʼ˵һ̷һֻɱˣˣһ¾£һǾ㣬Ǿ֪࣬ǺˣҾô࣬ôΪʶβҩģⲻҵĸҲͰˣô˵Ҳ̷ɵСˣɮ濴棬ҪȣǸడҪͱȣ֪֪Ⱳӡ
˵ص㣡
Ľݾûôջֻ֪Сɵ٣龿ô£ǰȴĵĸ߶ûûˡ
ͤ죬̾ƢǺܺˣһҪע⣬Ϊ̷ɵƢҲǺܺãԺһˣһҪ໥½⡭
Ϊ֪Сɵ£ĽݾԼ治ֱιȥˣֻͤܿصԭĻ⡣
ޣˣҸղ˵ˣ
˵ɮ濴棬ң
Ľݾɱ˵Ŀ⣬ͤ˵ȹȣɲܰ׾ȣֲǿõĶԲԣҾ̷ΪһˣұΪ¹һϵ˭֪붼û룬̾͸ҹˣʧ߰ʧߣ֪ôҲҪѵ
Сɸ¹򣿣
쵰ȻСɸ¹ɱǶô°һˣ¹ǱɱҪ̣
Ľݾŭţͤ鲻ԽŲŲӣô˵Ҳʦ֣һһܵ
ʦ֣
Ľݾһ㶣漴ŭʦֲʦʲôʸΪ¹򡭡
ιιιҪôòãڶ㻹ҪҪ
˵
ڶ¾̷֮ǰҲҪһƿ飬˵ȻǸĹԾ㲻ҩҲһᱻģ䱻øڡ
ʲô
СɾȻҲ飿ΪʲôΪʲôҪôһ·ߣ

̷ȥ˽ϣĹ磬Ǻҩһժ¥أȥһҲѰˣԼɡ
ͤˬʱˬ죬һ仰˵꣬վϵҩݸĽݾȻͷҲ˳ȥ

ȣǲȣ
Ľݾҩȴͣ
ĺҲǸĽɱֲټǵһˣһˣҲټʱǲİˣǴ̹ĺһ
Ӳл䣬һء
ңҲԸԼ㡭

ժ¥
佻ԼǰŶȣƷżȵˣһٸµͤ
ռʱͤĸо˵һ˲ľޣһʽζȰ˾ʳ㽫һϯգȫվһӫѩͶİ
˵ǻкöһиأҲƷƷɣɽʲôãƼٰκòǣôҲҪԺãסããϢãŲǧһˡ
ͤھ㷹֧֮°ͣ۾һ˯ģ
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ͤͺˣʲôģŲϰˡ
ͤ˵ֳӫѩһЦ˵Ůˮûˣܲٳһ
ӫѩûصˮڳأٵȻɡ
⵽ǴðĵͽӣһӲ˵ôǻơ

Ǿˣȥ𡣡˿ûоӫѩĲãͤ
佻æ˸ԲӫѩȥˮտûУ
˵ͤʵ˵ƽӲɽ֪Ϊλ׸ﲡ
ʵһʼˣֻͤһž˵ӶȻһ̻ʣ޿϶
Ϊ·ɽˮԶģ֪֪жˣ
佻ѪΪͤҽ԰ߣмཻԲŷ㲻·Ҳ
סʵˣΪֻɽ
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ͤһİûڣҲɵʱ˭ϵʦܻô׾͸¹
һݣ
ˣҪ˵ˣȥ˰ɣɲˡ
ͤӣջǾҪ̷ɵֹúãǸʦײϵģܿ⣬վȥ

֪ˣһʱķˣ
佻ӫѩʹ˸ɫӫѩĳ̴ָֻ̳ͤĺġ
ˣ̽һ¶Էʵۼ̵ͤĺģ˭֪ͻǱҲղסһֻ
ӫѩ飬Ȼ佻Ҳһľ죬׾ٱ㽫ֵĹƻΣ˵ɲ⡣
ͤͷҲصǰţȴЦŮҪˣɱˡ

ҩҵŴգҲססߵ͸룬ҩƣͤӫѩһݣͱǺһ߿ȡ
УôŨҩζҲѬˣûгʶ
佻һΣȻ֪ã짷ڳĬʯͷҪ˵˵˵ĻᶼûС
ӫѩԣæǰ뽫ڴߵ짷Ȼȥ
ȻȲС࣬ǺһĻͶһһ֣ڲκǡ
ͤȴں߽ߣɨһ۴˿ˣһòãС˻ûء
Ծ𣿡֮ͤ⣬짷͵վʵ
짷ױɫҲƣ˼㣬־֧ţֻ絹ȥˡ
ͤںʼ硣ĿǰΪֹûͤȲ˵ˡ
ҪʲôȫӦ㣬ֻҪԾС࣡

109.
Բ
ҪıѾˣҲκ𡣡
ͤС壬סҡͷܹشܳŵڻ漣ժ¥佻Ȼ鴫
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㰮𣿡
ͤ䲻һ仰짷ȴֻĿڴϢ˵㶼֪жమ
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⻰ͤקקЦȻˣҾͿϻ
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мְκ
ʮ֣㣬ֻ֣˹ܻɷ˻Σա
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짷磡佻е򲻿çײҪ
Ѿú짷ֻС΢ЦԸΪκ£ʹӲҡ
ǾͿʼɣҸұ֤С˺ܿͻѹ

Сȷʵܿ˹˯ôãһΣڿ͸İи˽ס֣ϸİο˵ĳ࣬ȴ֪˭ǸеֻôһӶԸ뿪
ȴҪ뿪˵С࣬ҪˣûңҲܼǿĻȥ
ҪҪҲҪߣ
Сץסֻů֣һգֻƼ们䣬ʧãã
Ҫߣ㣬Ҫһˡ
Ҳ֣Ȼ˫ۡ
ھţؿھҵţãȻܣ벻֪Լڻ

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дڻ״̬СûŪ׶Է˼ֻһ䡣һţ
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짷
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޽ǵķ˿£һֻůСͷԼģУС࿴һŲ԰ȴϲԽĿ΢Цſ

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ǸůĻԲǴС౻짷ڻһĶͷϡС࣬ҲߵģԺԶһԶֿ
˲˵ϸСּæ짷ϣǿһ漴ͷ˳һƾ짷ϡ
쵰Ȼƭң
ƭ˵ʲô书ȫʧƭ˵Ѿ뿪ôġ

İƵȻ짷κ˺΢Цſշˣûƭ㣬ߵģ׼ˣ㲻ңҾͻ뿪㿴ƽŵĶˡ
С̯ԼƣȻܵĺ飬СİĻȴ˵ûƭˣʧȥ书ô£
ƭ˵ģϲЦʵڰʱҲΪԼ书ȫʧԲŻὫװã뿪ʵҵķھҵĲֹԴˣָͬҲԴңͬʱӦø졭
С̧ͷ짷Ϊ㲵ӣﾹ˵Ǳϲ૵ɵϡ
짷Ҳ𻰣ֻ΢ЦŻ

ȿȡ
ʶĿ䴫ͤбſЦصƿˣЩҪ˵ģ㲻˵Էô֪ѣƫƫᣬȻ̲ƷҲζȴҪĶһźĶԲԣŶ˵ϻأԹô˵Ҳǵľˣ˭ܸĸλģ
СȻûȫӦͤ߶߶ϻƪĸԣ¶У짷ȴȥ
ͤںʼ磬һĻЦǹӲŰôţ˵һˣȻеϣҲ֮У˵̷ҲźĽݾġ
Св̷֪˭짷ȴѴ佻˵ĽݾСɵ£ͤæʵĽҵС𣿡
ͤǺһЦ
ҿɲ֪˲ųɾܷۣҪ֮ǲǻˡ

ڸ㶨һˣһԣһϼ~~
ͤȻϲ˵ϻֺÿЦо仰˵úܶԣЩҪ˵ģ㲻˵Էô֪ʲôȻģȴҸߡҸʱҪסʵúܼ򵥡

110 
µĽϣݺɲݳ񣬱Զһۣһ̴ˮҲɹɷĻҴ˿̾⻭һ¥棬ƾĬĬעǰ΢Խһˮ 
ʮﷱػˮţٹʮֻ꣬ʮ꣬ĽˮԲ䣬ֻˮĴҴοͺЩƾػŮӰɣ 
ǵǸϲ㻳¶Եĺ𣿶ңǷ񻹻ǵ㣿ǡ 

ι˵𣬽λүſǰͻȻһͷˤûǸүŵֽš 
Ҳ˵ˣǾɼǰһ˻úõģһ¸žûˣҶ˵ء 
һʲôɼǹүֻƽû£ȥ 
⻰ñ˲á 

ϸϸĶԻǽǵļ˿е͵ʹ̲ⷬסЦһ漴ͱӿѹȥ 
չȳ󣬿ԾͶ϶ĲңʱȵĿʹСҲ쵽ҵĲԾ˳Է֮⣬ǺܰĶһ 

νĹүʵ©൳Ȼʲôɼֻǲʱϵı뵯ѣıڴ̴ת˲ٸҲǺС˺ۡ 
ڵ󻺲ǰȥһ˲Լ¶ľ֣ȻϢȥľзɱĽŲȴֻЦ 
ȥ¸ʱ򣬿뵽Լ 

żȻھ¸ʱ˸µĶԻģ˵żȻʵҲİݺʮɱУΨһйϵľ¸űµĸ¥̤ĵطȴҾޱİ 
Ҳ֪ǷǸ൳˵˽ϣȴҪ˵ġ 
Ҳκ˺㣬뺦ˣһø죡 

䴦Ǽ˵ĵڸһ䣬Ǹߺ󣬴һƺ徲˺ܶ࣬Сһӣ˯˹ȥȴϵľƲ˷Ƿ˵ϵĻҵĲӯӯЦվһǰ֡ 
ҵ̽סǸʢ֬Сƿ֪ǽҩˮȴԸȥ 

ھ¾һ𣬾עϲɱˣֻҪɱҲ쳾Ծ׷ɱ 
ɱ˵ûκ壬Ҹ쳾ʮԼҲѽʹ˻ּҵɱĺˣһ¾ɱˡ 
ʮֲСڸ짷మɱǲˣͰøҺˡ 
鲻 ʹҸһȫҽԼˣҿܻһٽӵɱأ 
ҲôģԼʹ࣬Ҳȥ˺¡ 

ֻǡ 
ȴԶᱻļвиҡңļûңеֻǸĿɰСɣѪɱ֣ 
Բʦָ飬ˣСɾԶ˵ϴûСˣþΪȴһԶ޷ȵ˶ʹ࣬ͷβȫ 
ҲﻹиɵͷҲþԶǸӣԶǺңΪҵĳСɻҷɱСɣһҸҲߵһˡ 

һỺԶʻ˹ļҹСι˰ɣҵԶĽˮջأӹǻеʱȫһһ͵ 
ǳ깫Ӳҳ˼ĺ൳˵û˽ϡ 
˲࣬æЩӸƹ񣬾ͱ˳ȥֱǰ 

ݡ 
û뵽ͻȻסֺȵҪ𣿡 
˵ĺǳ⣬ֻǰ۹ֱϵϣǾǣߵǸŮ˭ 
һɴȹŮбھǰҡȣȴԶŵЩȻһµģ 
ŮӲ񾩳Ůأػ֮أȻıȱȽǣŮһ̹¶۵ķΣִʮޣһ֪̻ŮӣȻô¼¥Ůӹһ𡭡 
һʱﾹ˵Ƿŭʧ䣬ֻôǰˣƲ 
۹Ƶϣ΢΢һ㶣漴λӣͻȻǺΣյģû㣿 
ôºŵֻǾҵİԭһİˡ 
ЦڴˣʹûݣҲټǵңΪǱ顣 
ûУѽԷ 
ȭͷ΢΢ĵҲŭһ˺÷顣 

˵ЩȫǼٵģһ飬øɸɾôұŮһ죡 
С̱ҵŭŤţҲʵŭȼĲΣһֱѹŵײб˲ӿԺֻһͷɱǸŮˣɱɱ


111
ҽСͻؾȻԳţҹɫұǱ߷һԾǰ뿪Ĵ
ʱѴŮ߷ͷƣûʣһǲҪֵġ
ھǰױŮӻ֪˺£ұĲϣҹ¼ŮˣýҲNɡ
ŮӾֵĿͨӴңϵȴӿ־ŴͣĲȿ֮䴫ȴߵ
ﷺףش֪һͿҪ
ǣ֪ΪΣȴ
ǰֳЦv֪ǲϲɱ˵ģңԸ˵¡
οɱʲNãܶɱ𣿼ȻѾֺαٿ
ſסŮʺ֡
תһȦŮ̱ڵϣȫɸһĶͣûȥת¸¥ûããҹ֮С
ҺܿͻصµһɾӣСƫƧ⣬ұûѣҲ˭ľʺס
˽ȥС̿˯ˣûа졣
ɽͬʱܵľϾ쵽ԣ磬ѴԷš
Ը֣ҴӲ
ȻһϤϢñǰססе΢΢ԼĸоǸ˼ҹ˾վǰң
ʦûиռ
΢һԥһұ˾ĻȻǰһ͵ȼ£ƽ͵ӯӯЦ⡣
ұ§ṵ́ܽĺĶĲϢӾЩ
һ˫ֲңҵĶСɣҵСɣҵˡ
һ䣬ҺСɲǹһ壬Զǵҡ
̧£ҳ֣

ҵвûκã䱾ؽ§øҵķWͶĵСNðҒ£֪Ѿû˷ӣŻǮڽй䣬֪飬ҸŮһ𣬾һֵģҺõģѺ顭
ᣬԶȣ
֪𣿵Ӿ¥ɱʱҸоСɣҸסȻ󿴵С̣Һÿģ֪ԼûϴˣСɣҵˡ
汻ժѴҵĶ뵽˾ǣȻҵ˫С־һҵϣõҵĲסʹ
ѾˣΪʲN㻹ԸǺοࣿ
֪ҲСɣԶǣ

ʺͲʴĵٿȻһƽһߣ֪书Ϊ̲ϹƵԭֻʣһ룬Ƴϲû̫ˣ˼Сɡ

ҡҷ𽫾Ŀӳһࡣ
ΪʲNΪʲNҪҺ飬ΪʲNҪң
˫ָٿؾе棬ΪҲСɣɱ̷ɣҪҵСԶΪĴڱǸӰˣȻʧԣϹ
˫һֱǰץסе֪Сɣ㲻ǣΪʲNŹңƴľң㲻ǣǽҺŮһʧǵΪʲNɱ֣ɱҪǾͽ䱸Ȼûһ·СɣС
˦ֽƿת˳ȥڵŭͼп־һֱĥңٸͬһңҶ֪ԼʲN
ҲСɣҲҪ˵ƷΪǸƷ֪ԼԶȲ

߳ȥٻͷȴеҵСɣҲȥʲNɱ֣ŲһҾͽʵòɻ񣬵Ҳɱ֣
ȻͣŭҲѹƲסӿ
ûһ˸вңûУˣȻN˵ֻΪҰһٵΪΪΪ
һʱݵȻԾסʺȻвңã㲻֪ҵòҾȫǣ
ҳסǰ½󣬽ϣͳҩסĿʹſͣ˽ȥ
ҿһľ֣ǾŵҸǷŭСʱԶǳ簮Զ˰⣬Ǿ֣ΪʲNҪңֻΪҲСǲǣ
俴·ҿÿҪ˵书ֻʣһ룬ǴǰҲҵĶ֣
ЦղŲǺ𣿺㻹NҪЮң
޷ܵıҩˮһļУǱֵѱ˾ɺԹޣŭҡ
һҩƿлȥҴɿ˿ƾ֣ŷǰһС
ʲNҾȻNԴ,˰
û˷ݺݵأԹضסҡ

ҪҪңҲǹģҵʱԼƲˡ
߾ȵĸʲN飬ֹֻȵҩѱӽػӣҸղֻŻһµġ
ǻûҳİƾ˦ҵϣұ˼ǻʱѪȵζ
ûصĺ֣֪Ƿŭ˼㣬Ҳ֪N죬ովΣͱקסǰݺˤ˴ϣȻҽѹ£ЦʲNʸǣΪһƿͿһԶᣬҲСɣᣡ 


112
û˷ʧľұѹѲ˵ʲᣬ˺£ͷҧҵǰһʹ̲סüСһʹϧһȭҲɵùӣȻǴŰҲϢ֪жӵ
ҧļ˫ȻƵ·סҵķĴ޷ܵʹҼȥƿǱŰĴ
˫ȱԴֿҸеһӲԼ£Ȼ֪ǰϷĽʹνҲҪҪ
΢˫ĿᴭϢȴǺϧĽ롣
Ȼеʹûдֻһգ´ȥҲ۾ϵǾĿ⡣
˵öԣ㲻СɣǸģСɣѪɱ֣ɱСɣӸȥ㣡
ҳԾ֪Լȷʵˣ˶񶾵Ļ³ʹֹ

죡ûʸҵ֣Ɒӵɱ֣ΪǮʲᶼ

Ϊʲ᣿ΪʲҪ񶾵ң֪ҲСɣҲͬ㰡ҲͬԸΪԷ
ﲻϵشؿڵʹҲ̲סһѪʱӿ˳
ĻȻֹס֪ǲǵң޲ֻΪСԶ
ؿҲԽԽʹѪһڿڲϿ˳ҸڴͷҵؿȥЩĻ
ͻȻһůһֱ۽ұУеůůӱĴڣ̧ͷ޴Ŀҡ
СɣСɣҲ˵Щģֻһʱ㲻Ҫҡ
ҡҡͷʵϢһֱزŻԲֹеȫ˳˺öࡣ

ҽƿЦһ
Ĺֻʣһ룬ỹ֪úù˼Լӣֻ
ǵѪȥҵһ࣬૵Բ𣬶Բ𣬶Բ𡭡
ҴϢ˺һֹס㲻ҪģҸȵĲ飬ƿʵѱӵˡҸղֻһʱܲסԼŻ˵
˵ˣʲᶼ˵СɣҲãҲá
סҵڲϷȴůԣҺһӶ
ǰСаЦݣ˱㲻ԥָ̧üңޣ㷢ֱסڷ
и취ҲСٻ
ֵĿһϲã˺ȫ
ֻǸ𣿼Ȼˣһԥʲᣬʲ᣿
磬ҰöԼ࡭
ɱ˴ӲԥʹԵԼ

Ҫ
ڴ̽ĿڵͬʱھҿѪ˳ָ촦£һæ˿
ŭʲ᣿𣿡
ҲȻһЦ
֪ԼСɣҺϣǣǲСΨһ취һﲻͬʱڣֻСɲпܻ֪һֱĲ𣿡
㣬Ǹͬһˣ
ҲǣֻǸɱ֣ҹܲסԼϵı֮Ϊ飬ҷ䱾ĥŮһҾͺ޲ðȫɱղţһһ㣬ҲҺ飬㣬˺㣬Һʹ࣬ÿÿ춼㣬һ뵽ϲĲңҾʹĸ֪źáץס䣬ʹѡɱңɱҰɣɱҺܼ򵥵ģҵžڡ
ĴҵĻȫ
ԶҪ˵ҲСɣŲҪǸ˺ԼҾһȥⱲӶֵģɿҲɿ
ϸָƵҵָ䣬ס͵Ļ˿˿ҵĶߣȴɵĿ϶

ԭҸղ˵Ļɡ㣬ԭҺ𣿲Ҫ˺Լ
˫ҵĴϣ§סңҵĿУһҵĴ࣬쵽Ҳ֪ķӦƺ̾һƽڴϣͷʼҧЩ壬оҵؿڴȦ˱ĸоֱ̲סһ
ûлӦ˫Ƶҵĸ£괦ȴѷŵҵȼ䣬ҵļͦŪͬ춷Ƿ°ᣬ˿̵ĶˮӶȫڻİ֮С
СɾˣҲɰ
ĵЦһʱеĵطͻȻһů㱻ǸůʪĿС

Ҿŵؽһû뵽ƮݳľΪ飬ֻ¥ŮӲŻѽ
Ҫ
ʶĺһ崫Ŀкʹ̼ҶʱʣĻ˻ҴδֻҪƿ־̲סķ䣬ʲס˿ҿʼᴭֻϣܽҵĸ
ƺоҵ˷ܣ̧ۿ˿ңſ𵭵΢ЦҵϲϴȦɵ̽ڣһĦһֻֻƵСĵ̽Ūද
ޣ
˫صİŪҵӸżȴֽϳĿҿʼʧҺ٣ǰһˮ
Сɣ֪Լж𣿲Ҫг𣿡
ãҲŲҪþЦ
ĸЦңſںס˱ˮУų˺ɻɫ֮£ҾļѹֵĵʹͼС
ǹģңǱ黹Ҫҩһⲻҩ

ȥˣҴк˱ŪļӾŤӿˣһɫҺӿ˳ھĿС
һ˳ֳԱߵǲɾ΢ЦСɣĺöడ׶飬ǲ˺ܾã
Ҹ߾´ʵÿ춼ΣɬİһߣȥЦʵӡ

һᣬұ˻Ű˰ƵգȻǾΥĴҵᱳصҸղǷˣԴСɣɵӣΪʲͲ֪֣

֪Ĵ˯ǰƣҲ׾Ϊʲ᲻ȥʲᶼûһֱһڿ֡
Сɣ̫Ҳ˵ǲһ᳤ʱ𣿡
֪ҪʲᣬЦҴ𰸡


ɱ β
ʱ: 12/13 2006

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ٵϣһţ򾩳Ƿ
ĽݾһԣͷԼﲹߣ֪ʲNΣ¶һЦ֮в֪ԷСè˯ˣĽݾǲɹһЦݡ

಻ͬʲNϵŷɥɱ⣬Լ˵ԶֻǸɵɵģĵСɣΪԼı飬ԲŻʢŭ֮СʩˣͲСɵĶ֣ǸNǿƵˣΪʼնûзֻĬĬ衣
һһʱ³Ķ񶾻ͲʹѪ̷ɿﲻӿʱѾڵòѣ˫ޱߵľҪȫͱˣȥһ˲ļҪˣ̷ɵжһ˲ԶʧȥԼˣǸɵNͲףСʵͬһ˰

ڽϵ̫ã佻ǻᵣģĽݾ鱨ƽɱְ죬˼ǧ֪ôӺд𣬵̷һԿĲͣʶȥһӣ±㽫дõݻֽhӬͷСĽݾ̲סСɣԭд֡
ĵһ仰ȴ˶
ѵɱֶд𣿻ʲNСɲã
NĻĽݾֻǿЦ
ǺܴһˣNϲԼĴأ˵̷ڵĳɤǰͬǲͷ˼ǱϧʱӵǶСӣ˯ʱϲͷСһѵС
òײźתŭΪϲͫ»СίȴĽݾĶֹȻһʱ̲סҪüΣ˯NûûѣСˡ

˶˶ӣһᴭĽݾæһƣ˯øЩʵҪǰˣСԵʲN
ġ·Ұ㣬³֡
ĽݾȻʧЦ˵ԼСɣϲԵĵСëһ
˯˶ȴȻ˹̧ͷЩ¶۾ĽݾҸղ˯Ļ
㲻Σڲ˯ҵĻ

ﻹһƬãȻ
ǰӴģҲϲЩ̵ĵģɵһԴ飬ɸһҾͺȻЩԼЩͿˣҾǸɵɵСɣѪɱ⣿
Ľݾ̾˿˽ӵ˵ֱۣЦʲNأɵɵСҲãѪɱ̷ҲãĽݾһˣ

end 



⡡׼ǣСƪ

/  /֮

 

׼ Сƪ 
1 
ϲյҫۣ𲻰ֵ˿ڴͷ˼˷ܵ飬Ծͣ£Ůʱ飬طϲòѵỨ 
洰˴˫ϲ֣ϰнɫͼĺ̨ǺɫģǺɫģǺɫģϵķڣͷϲһеһУȫǺɫġ 
ɫ̷ɫ 
Ĺ磬Ҳʹ޵ĵطʧȥԼĶԺģһƬʺѪͻ˲԰׵ݡ 
ʱͼɻһйصΪɫѪȵĿʼ书ķңԦɱҲѪ 
ΪῴɫѡңԦİɣ 

ǽ죬̷ȴֻܴԼɫ·ڱǺɫȴɵĹ 
֪ǲΪĹϵ̷ɽ쾹ľúɫʵѿ 
ӫѩǰİһ״ϲõǰҪѡϲʽǹľǸԼЩææµµ·ǵЦգ̷ͷһηֺɫʵҲϲǴҶĵף 

ʵǰ̷ɻΪϲ·¸Ľݾһܣ˵ǳܣʵһΪɫĽݾ˽Щײ͵ĺв·ʱ̷ɾŭ 
ǻǣȻûҪĽݾ¶ţﻹûˣ 
ŭ̷һȱڲ·ȫ£ϲеȻ֪Ϊηŭĵ˵һߣǶˣժ¥ĲǸӣλŵĹӡ 
̷һ˴ĽݾȥȥѲ֪Ƕᡣ 

Ľݾλ¼짷£̧ͷ̷ˮ˽æӭȥЦ"ˣ˭ǼСɣ" 
ûǼλ¶̷ֻĽݾʵ"ΪʲҪ˰·óɺɫ֪죡" 
ۼԾλ¸ʧ񣬾ವһ˳ȥ짷Ҳ⣬Ƕ֪λ̷ɹӣƢ治ãΣʱ̻üһ԰ɡ 
һ˲ټþֻʣ̷ɺĽݾˣ̷ɺʻĽݾЩЦãദľҲ̷ɴ˿൱ãɲǰǸĺӣһǹܺģúúӦԲС 
"Сɣ׵·ȻһҪװγɺɫģɫϲ찡Ҳţֻûü㡣" 
"ΪʲһҪǺɫѵɫͲϲ" 
"ǵǣԹžʹϰҶϰúɫ죬ҪŪɱɫϲıҲֵġ" 
ĽݾĵĽֻϧڻͷϵ̷ɸȥ 
"һҪóɺɫǾͲ׺ˣױԼ飬Ҫȥῴ" 
"Сɣ㲻Ҫִſڿӣ˵ϲȥˣ˵ɾͲɵġ" 
ŭΪˣĽݾЩ޿κΣͼסԷȥϧ̷ȴɴ粽á 
"ûſڿӣҪ˰ЩɫĶȫҪȡλϲȥˣǾȫջˣ" 
Ҫһƽ͵ĽݾҲЩüͷ"Сɣ㲻Ҫ᲻ºǰ˵ʲᣬ㶼Թ......" 
ֻĽݾһʱʧԣһ֪ԣȻ̷˻̱ɫЦ"˵˵ȥ㻹ǰСɣִһ𣬻ҪҳףǰңֻҸУǰСɺãǾȥ׺ˣң" 
"Сɣ......" 
ĽݾĽѶԷסҲƵһߣ̷ͷҲأҴҵת˳ȥ

 

2 
Ľݾûлط˯ñ̷ɸջȥһҲû˯ţڶһȥѰĽݾ˭֪;·ǱߣȴȵķкɫȫŴ·±ԭ̷ɿʼ˵ЩֻǶ֮ԣôĲأЩȫô£ 
ǲǾôԵӣˣף 
Щ̷Щ׵ĻʵԼ˵ġ 
Ϸ˸Ĺ£ŵ֪Ľݾ»ûȥҲû֪ĽݾܻŻӫѩǳǰô˽һ£ 
̷ԹȥҸһˣһԺͿͤ˵Ц짷Сǰְֽ壬ʱһߵĵķŵ˼ҵӣԼ̷ⲻջί 
̷ɵѰʣ짷ȴһĲ⡣"Ľȥ֪" 
"֪ȥ²ܲ˵ġ" 
"ôܣû˵" 
짷һ仰ͽ̷ɵĻȫ˻ȥȻ˵ΪĽݾܣǸ˸ûط˯ 

̷ɴҴҶȥСֵذת짷硣"治֪" 
짷ҲЦˡ"֪㣬ҵȻ֪Ľȥֻ˵ѡ" 
"Ϊʲô" 
"㲻Ľ̫С𣿳ǲãһֱôСɾǶȻģʵమӦ໥ݲŶԣôΪСһ仰ĽݾͰ·еװȫ" 
"˵ҲСɵĲǣΪʲô㲻ȥأƭǲ̫á" 
"˵£ֺαزͽȥ˵ƭˣֻһʱ˴ѣңС࣬ʵҲΪǵ鲻Ҳɲס" 
һԣС짷һ¡ 
"֪㲻ôģ˵׾ôҪǶһˣֺαһҪǸ" 
짷Ц"ΪҪȫ˶֪㣬࣬ҵޡ" 
䣬СһƱ˦˹ȥ"˵ʲôǸǷ" 
ӹȥİƵȻ짷ץŽСԼĻУס̾"ҲãǷҲã֮һһԣôֿġ" 

Դε˵Ȼᵽ̷ɴ˿еĻңĽݾһδ飬һ춼ڲԹɫǵȻ̷ҪԶжԶûٻǰ֡ 
ϴиʶڼλӵģһĴѣЦһ̧ȾͰ˴Ժߵ˷ʱ߹Ѷ˺üЦʱˣŭǾͲôˡ 
ûע⵽Щӣ̷صУڴԺһһȴ֦ͷԿտҲĽݾδ 
ϰǸůůŵʱ̷ͻȻеƲ 
Ҳ˯ţȥ߰ա 

̷˴˼⣬Ժ˰죬ľȤŲ⣬ŲĽݾ鷿ȥ 
鷿ﾹȻеƹ⣡ 
̷ڲסеϲãæȥƿ˽ȥȴĽݾֳŶͷϣǳߡ 
ʲôʱģΪʲôط˯Ϊ˵Ƿػ𣿻ǣʵǸСɣ 
һ˵ĸоͻȻӯסǻ̷ҧҧ´Ҿǳߵˣ߹ȥ뿪Ĵϣֽϵ¸Ľݾϡ 
ȥƣӣ򲻻죬ŵſգ̷̽ȥ˻̾˿ĽݾԵ 
ܺĿڲԣʵ֮ǰѾüˣ̷ǰǶģԣοݰãδȥһЩػı⣬ȴ֪Ϊξô˳˳ÿȷе˵ÿ޹ʷŭĽݾȸǸģûһܿطϢ 
̷ɾһԣĽݾַֺϺϣͻȻ޴ĸо 
ô죿 
±ĲԣǸҲӦģǾĵǸ𣿿װԼ鷿˯ľٶֻѾͷ 
Ǹ֮Ĵ𰸾ڴߣȴȥԡ 
̷ɲ֪ȡˣʲôٴ 
뿪أ֪ȥǻչȣǻؽĹ磿
3
"С......"
º͵̷һѾˡ
öԷԼϵį̷ɱ"ҼƣԾ͹û뵽˯"
ĽݾһЦ"ǰЩˣ˯ˡ"
ȰطϢǷȡ˻񣬿ɻ˰죬ȴʼûʳ̷ͣ˰ŵ"ҲϢȻȥˡ"
̷վҪ뿪ȴͻȻһůѱĽݾס§˻еǵĹ⡣
"СɣʲN£ΪʲNN"
Ľݾ˵Լϵ̷ϣ
̷סĽݾĲӿĻͷĽݾľϣȴһԲ
"Сɣ׳ʲN£С......ǲ۸㣿"
Ľݾʻ̷ֺЦġ"㣬ﻹ˭۸ң"
ôİ˴ӽ׷˻ȴΪһССĲ죬ͰNⲻ۸ʲN
ĻĽݾȻʧЦ"ңN۸ҵСɣ㻹......"
˵װǻ̷ѹ̾"ĻҪǺˣ׵ĸң֪ϲҹԹԵӣҲԺ󶼲ģ˵һ䣬Ҿ뿪"
ĽݾĽüղžͿСɵĲԾҪƽʱ⺢һֻһ˹ˣĻNĸ˵СɵⷬЩͷԣ۸Сɣ챻۸÷ĲŶԡ
"СɣɵɵЩʲN"
̷̧ͷĽݾЦ"ҲͨˣЩǿ󲻵ãұϾǸӣǺαһֱȥأҲÿңȴһˣ......"
"ұ죡"
Ľݾŭ̷ĻƽʱŵҲˣĽݾﻹмίĿĽݾԼ˵˻

Ľݾ˿ǺջڻСǲƽʱ̫ˣŻN˼룬ղǼ仰˵˰ڴϣúιһӣһ˫СίĽݾǵɢ
̾˿"̷ɣĽݾ㣬ĿͷҪҰĶͳ㣬ҵ⣿ǶҪˣڳ֮ǰȻԥڻҶĸ飬㲻ҺܲƽNûģҵҪ㣬㰮ҵûҰN"
"ҵȻ㣬ҵȻ......"

ȵȣף˵ףǣеﶼժ
̷㶣ɵʵ"˵Ҫҳף......"
ֿʼͿĽݾæָĶͷĵص"Сɣû°ɣǵȻҪףϲˣ֪İ"
"ǣ㲻ǷԸ˰·ָԭ𣿻ܿңΪ㲻ҳ......"
"СɣҪ첻˵ϲɫҲ˰Щɫﶼ˰бܿ㣬ͻȻҽһ̶ҵ飬ʱֻ짷ڣת㰡Nѵûж㽲"

̷˺ð׹Ľݾ˵˼ϲԹ"ûиңҽȥʱƭ˵֪......Ҳ㣬ּ鷿ϢΪǺˣټ......ԲҲԣҲ÷Ƣ......ʵҲں·ǲǺɫ......"
̷һģĽݾæ§󱳲˵"Ҳвԣ˵ģЩⲻǣǻϸˣһǻϣһǾ˾ˣһһҹͲˣҺòײŰסǣʵҲողŻ㻹ĸȥΣԲŵ鷿СģС㶼뵽ȥˣ"

䣬ͱ̷ھҧһڣֻԹ"ûߣҸ˯ãҲǣ㣬Ժ󲻹ж㶼ط˯Ժ󲻹ʲN£ҶҪһȥûӫѩԸ㣬Ҳԣ"
"úãҲԣ´һСɳȥһط˯ԼбãӴ......"
ֱҧһڣǼĽݾ˵ֻǿЦ
ΪС˯ãܵ鷿ҹģ˯ò˵Ļ󲻹ܷʲNִҲûûû
СԽԽˣᷢЩЦõСƢʵСɵĸо⺢̫¶ˣԲŻڰ֮˻ûʧں»ʧȥѾֵҸɡ
Ӧö°СɵĸܣҲӦжС޷뿪һⱲҲ뿪Сɣ

4 
̷ȴûֹͣĽֻǰҧĳǣеϢסĽݾǴƵĴ䣬ȻС̽˽ȥϲ໥ھܸоĦҲԡ 
ĽӵĽݾᵽԷ㣬ЩȣæҧסеƤҴܵ࣬ǣ̷ǰ´⿪ֽ̽ȥỬļַѲ 
һӰܿƵߣϵ鼮ڴײ·׷䵽˵ϣĽݾԽʣЩ鱾̨Ҳȫȥ̷ɱƽϣ߻ȵܿճһĽݾһ֮ˣһߵЦ"鷿ҳһᱻӫѩ" 
"Ǿͱˣÿ춼ٲ˰" 
"̫ӲˣҪǻң" 
"ҪżطҲ......" 
̷Цʱ˵ҲͿڶѾʣˣôȥ 
˵ϲ̴ӲӲģԴĸоΪںȣȫȸͣĽݾе鶼ȼȺͿǰЩ룬ƽϣ˿ɢһԣǡøľǰҵķ˿΢ЦſԼİˣǹԼǰС֮󣬷ֿ˫ȣĽ̽˽ȥʱϤĳӯ֮дһ̾Ϣ˳ 
"С......" 
ںڵĳѩ׵»ɢһɫĵ÷ĿĿĻںڰ׽֯еİˣС޳ϸָȵĶ½ʲסߵźĴٻսɿµü΢΢ʹֻ˷ܡ 
ǹߵź֫ڵº͵Ĺâһͨ徧Ө覵İɶšǶԾ鶯˫ͫ˷½̶մϲĽëϣƺʱỬ䣬Ľݾæȥ 

"СɣҵС......" 
黬ĽݾĿУ˳̷ɵĴϣְ̽סķǼͦĸදűøӲͦȣɰˮڴܳմʪָĽݾ̧ͷһԼָ⣬ɿľٶƽɵƺЩӣձø죬ͷһ಻ȥ 
Ľݾ΢΢һЦ˲֪жٴȵľˣÿε⺢ӶʱǻһԵӲѣСɲ֪Խһ飬Խջȥȥø࣬ĽݾϲʽĻ飬뿴СڱԼ۰ʱб飬ģģӵģһһУȫֻı飬ҪžյȻһЦֻΪһš 

Ľݾ̷ɵһ̧ϣȻбŽǶ³ײĺѨ֫λ˸ӽܵڵһ 
"......" 
ͻײȻ̷ʧĽݾеסĵط͵س鴤ȥȵڱ̽ø 
"СɣСɣС......" 
ĽݾʧĻµˣÿһ³۶Լȫͽ˰˵ڣСèһĶᴫ޵˿˿繴סģ飬꣬ԸΧˣԶҪ...... 

棬˹ 
Ըñĺ

5 
ĻɵĺǣĽݾ̷˫˫ҵϣֱ˯𴲸¡ 
Ҳ鷿ѻعģȴ˼ˣһԵƷŲˮСֻ࣬짷磬һڹ̿ӵӫѩʼٸߵȻ֪³ҲԹһԹѵ⣬Ľݾʼֺõ˵˾䡣"ӫѩȻǵ鼮İڷ˳" 
˴˻ӫѩһۣ"ٴҲϲӸСɻ£鷿Źժ¥Ӳ𣿻ǹӱȽϲӲĴ壿˰ҵĴµİɣ" 
һλµĽݾ˿û̷ܱĽݾԣһԲֻ״ 
ӫѩ˵һһ䣬С̰ѲˮϣЦ"" 
Сĺܣӫѩںȹּʼ߶εùȴ짷磬ԭΪ׵׾ͷβЦľֻСһˣΨ²ңŰӫѩñ߹ġ 
"ҵĻͷϹʱΪǱأ˵Ҳûôס" 
Сӫѩһһ˵ĵǿģ̷һ˦ȥס˵졣 
˵짷ʱ̷ɼǺƭԼ£Ҳ侮ʯ짷һ仰Ͱ˻ȥ 
"ʲôֻĽݶжҪúϧǰˣ" 
⻰̷ɵ 
ҲǣᣬףమͰǺҪģЩǰδйУԺڽǸʲôԶݳ谮ˣҲҪúȥĸܲŶԡ 

ԴӺĽݾ˫˫̷֮ɾͻָԭĿȻϰߴߣڼʱ泯ˣΪĽݾ˵õﲻӦû볾ҪȥڣΪˣժ¥˴ӳʱʧ񣬾޵ǿϰΪʵ˲ʱ䡣 
ˣڰʱǰϲڱͻǺһľޣͷһɲǣڵϲöʱѻȸһǱ˴⣬˵Ŀȫϣ˵ı飬˲䶨ǲԼͬӱȱ˵ѨҪѸ١ 
Ҳѹ̷֣ϲǴʮ׷ﾫģһһ߶ǳ巻幦ϲϽ˿Ƿͼ˫ｻ裬һˣĿͷϵıʯʣ˿ߵĹâ໥ӳϲ˵ݳеþ˫ƽʱ̷µεӣ˿ƥȴһ顣 
ϲ˽̷üͷ΢壬ϲȻ˦䵶ɴǰеʱһΣڵأضϵϰ벿ָ£պø°غΪһ壬һһŻعʱϲ֮糱ˮӿм仹³ĴС 
"̫ˣСɣôԳôԱһҪԭǰӶǼٰģȻƭңιιҪңһû˵......" 
нԶȴ֪Ǳ˭˳ȥ 
˵ĸʧ̬ӦĽݾȴֻǳ̷ɵǳЦߵ"СԼϲҲ׽Ūˡ" 
ϰ˶Լ޿κεĿǣ̷Ҳ֮һЦ"㣬Ҳϲôҡ" 
"Ǿ͸ҿһӰɡ" 
ãԸ⣬Ըȫ㣬Ϊֻ㣬ܸҪҸҲֻ㣬ܰҵȱԣǺˣһңңֿİ...... 


̷ɾڴߣָ´ůŷĽݾ񣬲ɺ 
ǣѾˣЩϲıҲ½뿪˰ɣΪʲô 
ϣԼһð˿Ǹȴٳٲ飬öԵȴ˸еȷġ 
类ժӵһߣϰڷŵϲͲˮҲ˴룬û뵽׾ô۵һ£һûгԷľżһȥΪ˾˦ֲˣǳףֱˣ칦Ҳûôۡ 
뵽СڱضԼһģ̷ɾͬĸо 
ȻûûȥСǱ߿Ҳ...... 
ͷճ̷Ͼҷˣ»֮ҹҪܵ˵Ķȥ죬һᱻԹġ 

˼֮ʣһӣͻȻǵ佻е"ӣǰ͹ˡ" 
̷æѸͷ¸ǵͷϣ˶ڴͷãֻһ˰վסĽݾ˽ߵǰ 
һŨľ̷ЩŭЩ쵰Ȼôྲ֪ǲƵġ 
ϧϲͿɲֲ⣬ֻһƣ㽫ԺƵ̷ϣ̷æĽݾסȴ˴Ц"۷أǿȥɣ𵢸˼ҵĺ¡" 
ֻǺĶ˳ȥ̷ɲŰѸͷƿû֧ţĽݾص˴ߣЩ죬˫Ŀ΢գѳ˯ȥ 

ϲȻҸ˯ 
˯ˣ̷ֺֺЦºͿӣȻܾǰիżʱҲЦĶҲʱͰռǵһӲȥ˰ɡ 
̷ȥݽţȡëմˮĽݾϵĺȥ촦Ŀӽ⿪һЩ 

ϲıȻⲻȥ̷ɲȥЩĵˣֻĿתĿĽݾߵһ̷ǾͲɹһƵЦ 
ĽݾǰһǴŴ˫Ȼһ̷ɻûع㱻Ľݾ§ס˻漴ԷľһĿУǳҲŨǡ

 

6 
"......" 
Ƶ̷ɱľͻŪЩѣһ㱻Ľݾѹ˴ϣɴ۾Цףæָ䣬ָָ棬˸ơ 
֪Լƭ̷Ľݾһ£Թ"װȻҶƭ" 
Ľݾ§Ц"ȵò٣ҪôƭĹǰ֮ͽûҪƭ㣬ֻ֪ҵСж......" 
"ǲǰʲôҩЩһȺ껹ƻôƭȥģ" 
ʲô˵ܸϲõģ̷ɵ̸һΣĽݾʵ 
"αسʲôҩСɣһܣһκ˶֪Ӵǧپƶ಻ҡ" 
̷ɾȵ̧ͷȴĽݾĿ⣬ǵú쳾дĽݾƵ䣬ԭǶǼ 
"⻵ʵңʲôҵģ" 
"ʲôţ룬вأСɰ㲻ǴǴϲЩĵɣ" 
"֪............" 
Ľݾ̷˵Ļȫ˻ȥǳЦ˵"֪ɣշαôż" 
"............" 
˺ûͲ˵Ļᣬ̷ֻССķһ£ͱĽݾ˻Ѹٽϵϲ 
"ˣ" 
"ù......" 

ôܲܣ̷ɿɲڱ͵º´棬һ˦ĺָƿջڴƴֽ˵ͷû֮ϡ 
ĻҲ֮"볢ζľ£" 
̷ɵıжԵкö˶̹ʱµͬʱɢ 
žĽݾɴЦ"СŻˡ" 
"ϸû......˭֪ﵨС......ܵıӻ......" 
ĽݾŪ̷ɺòײ˵һĻ 
"ǻʲôȥ짷ǱֶǿҪúõĴһء" 
ʱ£һڣĵǳЦ˫չ޵Ĵ뻶ԾķƹУ⾲׵ҹȻ˿˿ƮԲ¸յĹĮǿա 
һҹܳ...... 


"Сɣ޻ڣ£" 
Сǿ̷ָȴ治ɫһ˻Լԭء"Ϊ׼һûأ㣡" 
"Сɣ廹˵ô" 
"ҽ̷ɣСɣС࣬䱿......" 
"Ȼ˵ұ˵СɣͽСɣҪǰĶɰ......"Сһ̷ɵԴ߷ߵ˵ 

ҲֻСŸ̷ǰЩ£޼ɵԴ 
ڲԶƷĽݾ짷翴һĻӿЦ짷"ͽߵɱôԽԽӡ" 
ĽݾЦ"ϲʲôأ" 
ǳ׵תѹ£ʵСѾںŬѧϰˣȥ巻ϤƷеļӹ佻ѧϰι񣬻Ҫ¥һѵڴûнӴЩ˵ǺӪСȴ²ҺܿӦֵȥӦˡ 
СɱǸܴĺӣʹӱ书棬Ľݾһʼ֪飬ֻǲС̫࣬ҪĲ㵽ĹܼңһˣֻҪſƣʱܸһ΢ЦѾˡ 

ĽݾĻ짷Ц"ǺãµһǶ꼰Щ޹Ļݰ" 
ȻĻ䣬Ǳ߾Ķˣʱ԰ӰɣǴ磬ΧľƷ֮¡ 
짷̾˿"ֿʼˡ" 

⣬Ͼʱ̷ȤǸСֻ֣ǵóǰ짷С£Ա㳳ҪĽݾѧѧСʼ˰Ķս 
һĽݾ짷£λŵıվں壬ֻϧѧˣȴѧĽݾ짷羲ֹˮ磬岻ӵĻҲûзϡ 
ֻûʼãСָ짷ˣ̷ָĽݾŰ̳ŪÿЦãͣԾԾԵСͽһԡ 
⻹㣬һȥ£ʹûֳߵʤԣãʱһȫУֶԾ֪ǴһֵҲˣֻϧ˻԰Щ滨ݡһ⽣Ӱ֮԰㱻ڵòҲ̶ãʼӫѩ˵䣬Ҳ˵ˣÿÿȶ˴꣬Ͱɨǰһӣֻ˵֡"ʰ" 

ûԱƷˣ̷ɺСüңղСƷ磬ҪȻһתӱԾսȦ 
̷ɫ죬СԾʵ"ʲô£" 
"ˡ" 
ٵĽŲСæתͷȥֱ˺ܻңȻһӰҴҵ˽ʱţ֪ȷʲô 
մ磿 
佻һƽʱģҴҹӣ̷ɺС㲻ͬʱȥ 
佻ȥ˽Ͼ̣ùЩʱܻ˭֪ô죬һʧ룬Сæ˸к"մ硣" 
"......"߻עĶ򣬶ǵʺֻӦһ䡣 
"մ磬ڿʲôôŵӣѵй׷" 
"ȹѲС࣬Сɣ˽ңһҪ˵ûң֪" 
佻һ仰ʹҴܵˣʣµɻĶһۡ 
"մְô㴳ýժ¥" 
"֣ѾнŲˡ" 

̷ɻδ䣬һű£ͷ˫ٵСͯӼ˹ϵССıܣ·ڵĹâǣĿݵСԵһ㶣е"......ûмմ羭" 
̷ûд𻰣ֵĺӣɱ۵εͯϣɲ֪ǶԷ̫СԿ־û̫ԾֻСͯӵ˼ֻǷϣֻԲԲĴۣĿתĿ̷ɣɱûκӰ졣 
̷ջɱʵ"ΪʲôҪմ磿" 
"մҵĶҷҪͯһӡ" 
СЦ"Ŷ󣬾˵ʲôһӵĻ" 
Сͯᶨ˵"ѾʮˣԼʲô" 
˫̿˫̷û˵ʲôһָղ佻ȥķ"Ӧȥҩң㴩԰ҩȻҵˡ" 
Сͯӵ˫һһҾл˳Сɱ˹ȥ 
"Ӳ򵥣ûȴһֵ......"̷СͯԶӰСʵ"С࣬ǵϴǩϷʱմʲôǩ" 
"ȻǵãմǩȤǩϾдĸ--Ե" 
"ǰԵ˵гԵմء" 

ƪ

 

 

׼ǣСƪ

 

׼ Сƪ 
1 
峿 
⴩֦ïҶķ϶˵ϣ֦΢ڿ趯żļȸﶼܰٻ翴ճġ 
С˿̾;ҵĴǰԺһƬļİȻϲ¶һ˿΢Ц 
׺гӶ˵Σǰ뵽гһգҪҪҲԸƽһڴǰڵͷ羰 
Աߴ˯˷һ߽˸ֳ˯ȥСͷ짷ֻһ£泯˯㣬ҡҡͷǰ̺䡣 
ѹȻ컹ȣ͸յˬʲôǻİ 
ȻǰǳЦʵദӾˣͻᷢöطӣֻһԼǿİɣ 
Сڴǰ£ǰûаڷΣ짷ðģΪǵԼǰʱϲڴǰ˵Ҫһӵķ羰...... 
һ...... 

СǸ֮ˣ˼ļĶǿʳĵطɱˣأûȥ¥ֵطйȥ飬Ȼżķйýŵõ滺ȴ˳У̫һΪɱֵ㣬һֱǱܿųģⲢûЩѹֵ̫ãһʱƱˮģһʰ 
ھΰɡ 
짷һʱǹܲסڶԷڽй˼βͣҲסԼΪ짷¶ʹܵĴͷβһ˰ɣ짷Ӳܾ󻶣ϲֺ޽ƵĵĶԴ 
ģ짷粻ʣҲѹĲȥ´棬ϣ짷һֱǨԼ֪ǸһֱǸ⣬ԴκҪ 
"......"һڴ̾˳ 
"Ϊʲô̾" 
һů짷Ӻ潫С§˻ 
"ˣô˯" 
"û㣬˯ȡ" 
짷籧С£ʵ"ǲʲôģ" 
"ôأ" 
ûôĹиôԼˣһ빲ѣժ¥һˡ 
˯һе鶼䶨짷СɣһĵˣһĶ֣û뵽ΪҪˡ 
һǸɵɵСɣСͲɵЩЦ 
ô벻Ǹһֱ뱣ˣȻ֮ϵɱ֣һδ짷˵ºȵķӦǲܣһǸˣǸ棬ֺóԵĺôɱ⣿ 
ֱ짷罫ǰСŽŽɵĽ˴¡ 
ǽӵĽݾӽţ˵ҪСһ£ժ¥ʱһƬڣƺܹƽҶ˿ֻקקͤ"Ȿ֮е£ڴϼףͬϲͬϲ" 
Դͤժ¥Ѳκú󣬾һֱûж̵ļĻ˵·Ҳ뿪մһдҽӫѩյҩ짷ǵԼĲзҲִͣͤôö֮ס 
ĽݾСɵĻس̱ȴҪö࣬ôãǶǻˣǻϢ̾ͷɱ˳ȥʱ˺öˣĽݾСɡ 
СǱǰ˺ö࣬ͷǸ࣬ʱҲ룬ͳǰһСɵԴ"ôôòŻ֪֪Ҷڵǣ" 
̴һҲֶԷɴųԼǰľգͻȻ뵽վǰѲǸСɣɱˣһ˲ĳ׼ڵǸʱǸǰסͷľѴе"С࣬Сࡣ" 
ĵײӿһϲ˭˵ɱ⣿ԭǸ۰С 
ҲֹȥСɽ˻ 
ھñطϲµȻȥΧ˵ĸܣ짷ĽݾһĿԲӫѩЦ"ļҺ̫ðȥЩ" 

ʱ龰СǾͲ¶΢Цͷ짷ϣ"ҺȻСɡ" 
о§סԼֱһСЩЦȻ짷ͣͣƵ˵"ʲôʱĻأ" 
"ҲҪġ"С̧ͷ짷磬ȻץַŵԼǰ"ȥ룬Ϊװһ㣡" 
"С࣡" 
һСͱ짷ӵ˻૵"С࣬С......" 
ιֻ˵ﻰѣҪҪôжң...... 
ѵƽʱ̫ˣô򵥵һ仰ô짷˼ 
짷§޷СԱȥ짷Ļ￪ʼʡԼƽǷô֡ 

緹짷ȥ£ǹڳ׷һЩ˰ţСǲ짷ȥˣһȥС죬ӫѩҲǱߣ˶Сһ˵ÿģͻȻ˹ط 
ӫѩЦ"һʱС඼Уôһˡ" 
"С࣬´͵͵;ĸż"ǸΨ²ҵС˵

 

 2 
ȥСɵ飬СЦŸȥصУ짷Ŵϲ˼ʵ"ʲô" 
"Ŷǹڳ׵......ղĽҵ˼С࣬Ҫ......" 
"ǰ" 
짷һ²˵"˭ɵ......" 
ԭˡ 
ȻСһֱλǸ˵У짷Ƿɣժ¥ĵңϲڶĻôùֵֹġ 
ȻĽݾϣ짷ϯģֲ֪θԼ͡ 
СȻʧЦô¶ҲΪ𣿲짷翴ȥĺÿɰ 
"ɵȻˣѲҪڶɵȣȥк֪ҲϲӦġ" 
"......" 
"ʲô⣿" 
"ûУ" 
Сһۣ짷̷ϡ 
ǣ˻¾ˡ 

ϲ巻ΪصطƵģΪӫѩ˺ü˰ѸʽϲøǿѡԼϲʽСɺ޵ѡѡȥСЩЦʵÿһϲ巻˾ķƳģһܾҴʲô·ҪҪǸԺֵͬ˲ 
ú¡أڰݹ֮Сͱϲͽ·ɵĹ 

ûһԼϲĴԼϲ˹С࿴ݺɫϲĲãЩ̻ԼǷΡ 
ϲٳȥʱعյ"ӣɹٱЩΧţһʱǻزģҪǿ˶ˣȳЩ档" 
ϲߺСժ·ں͸ͷЩʹĲߵǰ 
첼̰ڵϷŸϲĺʢźƵĽС΢΢һЦƺõп˿ 
Ǹ̾ϸĺγɳչ״Ƕһź챦ʯС򿪺ǣ̱һŨľϮǺһȡ 
ǳ״ԪɣⴼľֻţҲġ 
Сཫƺ£ӻͳһҩָۣһҩ۱ɢ˰ɫľ 
Űɫķĩڴ֮УСﲻһ˿Цݡ 

짷ʱѹ죬һȺµıͽͽ·ǲߣҪС͸ϵĺͷ짷ŲЩģ㲻ɰ֪Լǳ 
짷ȴڴ΢Ц"λûǻذɣݸˮ裬ٵһ㹦򣬴ûмʱֹסġ" 
̱˺ʵ"ʲô˼" 
"˼ܼ򵥣϶ۣΪҲ̫ϲǽ......" 
仰ֱʥּҪã̼ڳȫ˵øɸɾ짷粻һЦȻԼϲЩĵСŲһԣû뵽Щ˾Ȼ֮󼪡 
짷ȥſϣȻСǰĸͷԾĴ⽫СһӳĹĿ짷粻ɵĿôˡ 
"С࣬......" 

Сɱò㲻ʲô˵СΪģЦס짷һǰ¡ 
"һжΣû뵽һΪޡ" 
짷绹СȴѰϣѺݵǰЦ 
⽫СӳӺɫĿת짷磬ƺ˵ƣǲŻɷް 
ǰգδ짷Ȼ⣬ӹСݹľƱͷҪ£СȴͻȻһЦ"ôĵĺѵ㲻ҩ" 
"С࣬ҵľƣȻжҲ¶" 
짷罫һСǹ𵭵΢Цһ̧ԼľõԱߡ 

"ҹˣҲþˡ" 
Сһ˵짷æ"ǰ" 
վȴһصλȵĿվԼǰӯӯЦˡ 
"С......" 
СƵص"˵ҩģƫƫ㲻š" 

짷ֻпЦܽùҩֻͤóҩСˣһϲ̨ҩ 
짷£Ȼ̱Լеʲôڻƫƫڻհ˳žһֱ̼丹±ӿ˵ܣһᴭ 

"߲ˡ" 
СһЦǰȻӵ짷͵˴ϣ짷ʱǵ糺죬Ӳ΢Ťϸ΢ĺҲӿ˳ 
Сڴߣָܿͽ짷ȫ߸ֻܹԹڲۼѼӲ߸ߵţСЦ"ôҩζɣСˣһҩҾͻһ......" 
"......" 
짷翴ЦС࣬㲻ɰп࣬о鵽㣬ƫ᲻κ滺ֻ飬Сȷֵô󿪣뿿˫ȵĦⲻܡ 
ӵҩãȴֲϴ̼˷ܣǸͤ첻¼ҩʣͲ 
ǽôĺʹ...... 
ҩĴ̼짷ܿһˮЩѹĲµĴ 
С໹رôǰ»ڻиԼҩĵ


 

3 
짷Ц"С࣬㲻ǴҾôһϰɣ......ҩҲãһ......" 
ٶְһ¶ǴԱ߿֣СĻһ˷ܵġ 
"ð" 
С൹ǺʹشӦִ̽ͳһ짷ǰһߴ˿ҩڵЩ񣬺ðſǺ˷е˴һ 
Сյһ˿ޣ޲Ҳ֣ȴմậ߰У짷ֻһ˸ͻӯӯ΢ЦС࣬ƺ뵽ʲô 

"˵˺Сǰô޴ҵ" 
С໰УȻӳ˳짷ǰӹ΢΢ʹС 
짷̲סһСֲأЩʹǡôİµļʱѹȥɨĴҲ˵ 
޴Ȼʹ˽һ޻짷СӣؿҲһ£С᲻أ짷ļ˺ı޺ۣҾԼѪ˿ 
ı޴짷ȼµĴѱĺˮʪĴϢأ仹д԰͵ʹһֶĿỽС֣ϣܸԼȻȥСԾ˦ޣȫûͣļ 
ıɨȸĵطɨ짷һ鴤˿Ѿ˵ǻֻʹˣҩ±Ժ֪ĥҪã΢΢𣬿СЦ"ԭǰЩһֱ......" 
С൭"һֱϵĲң㣡" 
"У......" 
"˵ûöҵֽҵ书ԶȲСɣһֱΣ" 
짷ҧҧ촽ȴû˵ͤҩΪŹ֣ŵȷӿ㹦ҩҾȥ˴룬ѲʼôܣСĻȴ˵ϣ 
"ʵף㲻ҵֽҵ书ҲԶȲСɣοҴû书ôأ" 
С˵ţ짷ִŶԷǰ޳Ѫۣһ·ȥּ˵"짷磬֪Ҫİϣ滹κͱǸ" 
ڵõ˵Ĵ짷̲סһϢ"û......" 
"û𣿣" 

Сɫһվ짷ǰϣСûͰֻǵı޴짷ʱʹüͷ 
СüҲص"ֿڲĵ˵ǣ֪һֱ뱧ңȴ˵짷磬ҲҪ̸ǨͣҪİͳʵ޴ҲãҩҲãĽҶˣ֮ѾǷ㲻ٿҡ" 
ԭС˼ 
짷翴Լǰü˶һů΢Ц"ԲСࡣ" 

ƺ΢Цĺ壬С౾Ҳӵһߣֽ½һ⿪Ŵȫ䵽ϣСѩ׵ϣϸ޳ӳһࡣ 
ž˶Լǰ짷ЩɣС࣬Щˡ 
"ɵ......" 
Сһ䣬ǰ짷ϣȥɵƽ짷ĿУо짷æȥСȴЦһİ˳˫˳짷羱ı޺۴һ£ҧס飬ҧҲ짷۶ţʹͲѵò£ּͦ˼֡ 
"............" 
˱ҧӰ짷籾òײƽϢûС࣬һʱѸƶˣƮƮģ벻֪ںδ 

Сȴʱͣ짷䣬סԼĺͥȥ 
ʹ...... 
ŸոսСʹһüΪڸǺܼ򵥵£Ѳ짷ÿνʱҲʹô 
짷ҲСͻľٶһǲƽʱˣΪʲô¶ӲûǰϷĽжʹ࣬ȻСȫûо顣 
"С࣬е......" 
"˭˵У˵оУ" 
Сû짷绰˼ֻΪ짷ǲȥ 
짷̾˿ԹִЩ޿κΡ"Ӳʹģ֮ǰҪӦ......" 
˴˻С짷ĸϣ"ҩû¶٣ֻҩҲˣ㲻Ҫֻܺòã" 

ʵڽСమʱ짷ѾԼԻˣֻûСҶѣżһ˵ķҲǼû뵽Ȼ˱ָɣ짷ЦУ§סСԼĻ"ããҲԣֻܾͺˡ" 
˵ŻӱС·óһҩ࣬Ȼ̧СһȣҩĨСѨϣ֮ССһ짷æ˳ƽָ̽˽ȥ 
"ţʲô......" 
ãָĽ벢ûСʲôʹУָȴɬػزϵĦӣС̲סŤһ£ƿ짷ֱۡ 
"󻬵ҩѡ" 
С짷һֻֽͦϣʼ 
"ţҪÿ......" 
ǿɶָĦ࣬һдӸ´Сӿʼеһ¶ƺ짷罫ָҲ˽ȥֱɬڱϡ 
"......" 
С΢һ鴤Ϸ쳱짷֪ԼСеĵطҩཫָСسţĴ㣬Сཫһ޿Ƶ˳

 

4 
"ˣҲҪ......" 
ԼͻȻ˷ܣ짷ÿһεĳ嶼Ͳסеļ¶СŤӣƿǶ짷İ£̲סȥϣԷԸĿУδᵽĸоֻ짷ϣƾԼԵҴܣ¶Сָ짷ļ֮ϣ΢ſ죬Уˮɵһˮ 
짷˵˫ָ˳㽫˽ȥ֮ǰ󻬣С˷Сèһ⣬ϲûκʹࡣ 
짷˫̽СҸ½Լ䣬λƿֱԷڵҲС̫ĸ 
ȻϵͬʱС̱㷢һеһӲԼڣӯĸо̲ס 
"" 
짷罫С໷ǰһĴǣһᶯСܸϵĺһɶһֻֻСѹǰˣڴ̼ 

"ţ............" 
Сʲᣬ˳짷ͷһҧ޺޵"Ԥıİɣʲҩ......" 
"С࣬ԩңǱǸԼ׼ģҲ»֮ҹѪɺӰɣ" 
짷ԹЦС뵽ÿΪĲƣǰ짷ŪˣҲܹûи˻õľ鰡짷...... 
СһھҧøЩ 
"쵰ǲǾȥֵطò......" 
"Ƕʶ֮ǰˡ" 
"˭˵ģʶ֮㲻һŮ" 
Щŭˣ짷ʵ벻ԼʱȥҹŮˣϱ㰤һƣСŭ"ǿңһ֮¡" 

ŶԭǼ¡ 
짷һؿСʹıᣬ̾"Ǵֻ鲻ã˼ƣʵʲᶼûС࣬û뵽Щ˽Ҳѯ鷶Χ֮ڡ"
짷ĵЦСЩ죬짷ļϣҲˣеķ鶼㡣 

"......" 
Слȥ˼룬짷ɶøСӵסóļܵĽڵһСᴭУһǵҺ㼤һȣ짷ȫͷڡ 
"G......" 
һ̹ӵһ˫˫ɵϣ짷罫С໷ڻ"С࣬С......" 
"짷磬ʲ¶ҺҲϲǰ" 
"סˣġ" 
СҲֽ짷绷סͷڶԷǰü𵭵Цݡ 
֪ĵ飬Ҳ޺˰ɡ 


짷һѽ磬Լ˯С࣬á 
ϳ˱޺ۣӡ֮⣬µĸӡû뵽СදֻСèһ޲ðȫˡ 
짷ͭԼµı޺ǺʱֻÿЦ 
ĻӦÿסɡ 
"짷......" 
춯Сʵ˫ۣڱһˮ 
"ٶ˯ɡ" 
짷شͷС˲ӣΪɺãʵ"ˣ滹ĵģ" 
"Ǵϲӣ˭᲻ʶ࣬ǡ"짷˵㷢΢Ц 
"ɣСѾˣ̫ĻһᱻЦ" 

 

5 
짷Сഩ·ŷСҲǰ߰ߵģԼò˶٣ԼҲܼ 
ȻС´ʱһ짷æʵ"Ǹطǲˣҿ" 
"Ҫˡ"СĿ짷Щص֡"ֻûˣû὿" 
ֻЩһȻͻãȴϴ֮ᣬ짷㽫ȥСֻôУ"ʲ᣿" 
"ұȥǰˣڵ岻ʺ϶·" 
"˼һЦ......"
"û˻ЦûĽ챧СȥҲûЦ" 
ǲһˡ 
Сʱ£ȴ짷籧øСֻ÷ 
짷ʱƢִĺӣȥɡ 

һ·ֻ·ˣСͷõ͵͵ģ±˿ԼǺգǴ԰ûߵǰͤĴ˹ 
"Ҹ˵һСϣǸעһ" 
"аգ"ӫѩɵ 
ʲʲ᣿˭ģλģ 
짷Сһֻۣ佻Ц"δذɣҿ짷һᷴΪʤģһǶ짷ϣĽݣ˵أ" 
"ȿ......" 
"ιĽݣǲɴ࣬Ҷѹעˣƫƫ㲻ѹСɣѹ" 
"ע̫ѹ˵ǸģСèС˵ʲ綼ᷴԵġ" 
"Сɣ˵˵û˵С̣֪ѹСϡ" 
С"մ磬ΪС̱ȽϲԷβ֣СǱߵķβֺĹֶԻһ£һܵǱߵġ" 
ȴĽݾЦ"ѹעʲأ˭Ҳ֪ǾСɣǲҪǴһЩĵ¡" 
"˵öԼˣʦһչеģȻЩˣ㿴ڰ¥˶ˡ" 
ͤԣ̽е"˭˵ģûʮɰգҸ϶ǲ֪ǰС͵͵ҪҩӴȫַҩ......Ǹ˰ɣ" 
"ʦ֣㲻÷ϻˣҾѹ磬Ӿһݣһʮ" 
"ףͻȻˬ죿" 
"ͣⱲӸ˴ľʹûӮѹ෴û" 

"Щʵ̫ˣ" 
ҲˣСҲ壬ѣ 
Сô짷绳µأһѱ糺졣 
짷Сɫ֪ˣЦЦ"ЩˣǼƽʲ᣿С࣬Ҫǲ⣬Ҳǳҩζ" 
С۾һʵ"£Щ˸Ⱥ껹ƻ" 
짷һյСֹ䣬Сԥ"̫ðɣµˮ˶ġ" 
"ֻֽŷҩѣҲǳõζ" 
"ðҩټӵͶ......" 
С࿪ʼ˷ܵĿ⣬짷Ц"ֻҪ㿪ģ˪Ҷԡ" 
"Ҫ꼰޹ҪǼһҪȵ" 
"֪ˣС࣬" 

˵ĿСһ죬֮в֪ķ籩ҵִתԺȥ짷æס֣Ц"С࣬ȳ˷ȥκɣܾķ羰ƯǰһûȥɣǷۺϣúһº⾰ɫ" 
оչֵůС಻Ҳ΢Ц"ðߵķ羰һӶء"

 
  С̵ķ 
/  /֮

1 
ҵֽбɣֻҪԶ΢Щ˽˶֪ңΪ֮Ķ֮һҵͷһɫԲȦڣ 
ͬͨıɣҵںܾԶʱ˵꣬ҿ˵ʲô֪ҪЩʲôҵԼǵˣֻǵмʱ򣬾ѾĴڡ 
ҵĹ置ұʥ﹩ţҪ˵ߣˣҲᶥĤݣΪؼһ޶ģ 
置ҲԵÿԾپʱͻԶʧȥѰһְıɶģǵһıɲ֪ǺԭͻȻУǴկ˱ֻĴѰµ 

ܺãһӵҰ󣬱εһϿʼڻ˯״̬ʱЩկ˷ֵģһȺ۷ŹĤʱһһ񣬾ͷشˤ 
ܴˤǿٵͷһɣ˵ɲɣƫƫˤ˴̳ϣҾôĪͿĳһ 
ұֵеɽ置̳ڳԱ˯󣬿󵻸棬Ǻܴӣȴ޴ĿһԼûŵˣôõϲԵıء 
οҲʲôϲʹߣֻȽϳͳȺߵˣǴ룬Ҳǹҵȴ˵ʹߣҵԸʹϲԵİš 
ʱз˴˱̳Ҫжǵͨǣ취ܼ򵥣ֻҪεдǸֵȦڣʹǵᱻ⣬կ˶ܴӣνķЩСĵĹʧôԶǵأҿһء 
ƽʱ˽ܴҵĤ⣬ϲ¾ɮǳ̳Զĵطи̫żɮ˵ÿһͻεȥ˯ߣܻһλܺƵĺв׼õʳ͹øãЦеض˵зԵıɰ 
ʲôԣֻǵϲǳѣȻҴڳЩʲôһйƺȰвĹƸկ˹ҵĹζǲһġ 
ǺвǾƽҴ̳Ϻ˯ģرϲ˯¿ÿ̳ĹϿ䣬ʲôӵġ 

ڣһ쵽ˡ 
ڽӵһ֮ͰתһźܹŹֵˣ˵ԭ˵ķΣҲ֪ԭӦǺԶԶĵط 
ʵǸˣȫҶǸץҪЮҲȲѲߵģ治֪ԺҪǽһ˺ܶ꣬Ҳ뿪 
ߵʱ򣬴ҵͷ˵ɣ֪ǰЩͬ㲻ǷһӶûڸ֮£ȥʼңǸǻҪˡ 
Ҳֻ֪֪ұһܾɵ֮󣬾ͱ·ˡ 
ĸоúʹ࣬˿սսӸҲͣ置ÿ˿ȻܹẦ£ǰٶ֮Ҳ㺦ˣǴȥԭЩȻô롣 
ȥû֮⣬Ե˯öܺãھ˺ܾúܾҡҡλεó֮ұһܸûʵ 

ҼƽƯŮӣɢȴᣬѹ̫õԭҵıǹĿͻȻ͵ش˹ȥ漴ͱһֻǿֿססҵߴҶã˴룬û˸ң˵ҵѨˣŭƴŤӣϧߴ类ҸѲ 

磬˵ɣ 
λ˿ʼҲܶȥȴйζ 
סҵ˵ɵĶѪ֮⣬ҩɽ⣬ǸһȥãΪʲôһҪȥأ֪ˣҲϲġ 
Ǹ޺޵ص֪ҵòĶҲõȻʹʮôҾʹһٱһǧҪԼϲǰȴ޲ߣҪʹһʲôζ 

ʲôĳƯŮ˱˷ 
ҲĸоҵֻҪоƣʳԣͺˣһˣͻҧһڣϲһˡȻûϲˣദõľǴ룬Ҿһ֮ûʲôϲۡ 
ڽļûгԵκʳȴ˼Ѫץ˺˽ҵĸԣŹⲻҳԶ֪ڴڼ״̬µıü˱ҡ 
ҲҪȥҧһСɵˣǸƯŮˣѾ֪ǻʵ۵ӣҪҧˣСɡұȥС֮ǰŮҧгݵض˵ҪҧǸ֮ѪȻҾˡ 

첻ʳغʳ˵ȷʹļ尾ҲұԶ˳ڲ˵һӵѪˣԼҲܻȥ

 С̵ķ 2 

ҺܿͼǸ֮ǵĺӣȴԼ뷨֮ 
ǸȫȻ֪ԼϾͻ˯ڴϣƽĺԣҺѪ伢ҿҪˣҸͶˣӺϲɢ˲ıϢϢʹȫұ̼ʧӰ٣ҿʼΪǺΧʲаĶҾͷֿ֣ԿסҵϢͳ 


ˣ̧ͷᣬҲŷȻ㣬ɸֱûȣ治֪ĶΪʲѡһİ׳ЦҲᣬذһЩ䷢ȫǰҡ 

̫ˣû˸ңŭһ𣬲ɵôȻҵǺС˻˻ˡ 
ӹȻ̷ҵĴڣĶһȻץܿĵĴУСԹԣÿɰ 
ԣһѪ置еӵݣȴгСԹԣ˵ҿɰ 
ҧ 

ϧӲҵʶ֧䣬ıûץҵߴ磬һǵùԹģˡ 
ҺȻ־ʲˣסҸоҲǿģԱһССס 
֪Ӿȥ򵥣ҿԸоҵĶûκвԣ෴ȴңԦκ£ֻҪԸ⣬ɱҡ 

붼¡ 
ͻȻ֪˭Ӧɵɵĺģ 

ץңܿĵĸ߶˵ӽҵˣСɣ˸ҽʹ޵֩С̡ 
û취ʱҾ֪ĳҵˣҲ޿κε˸Լ֩С̡ 

ҲںԼ˵İ׳󣬷֪ʵϲģȴ׳սеףҵҫҫ֪ұεŶǸҶᱻȥ 

ҵȻģһһĵӣҲȻˣǵһĵ׹ҵˣҾͷģⱲӶ뿪Ը档 

˵˹ӾǸºŵѹӣ˺ܺãҲΪʲҶϲˣΪúҲܿɰúöƵĸңҷ˾ȻһкóԵëҺܿġ 

ժ¥˳ȴʼЩ־⣬ܿϰҵĴڣڵȥҲû˹ңЩ䣬ǰҷĻůҺϲֺ֪ĵĸоǰ̳Ҫˡ 


ϧþ˵СɱӾұȥģֲִˣɵɵĳȥΪӾŵĶˡ 
벻ΪʲҪѹӾñԼҪȷʵӾǸˣȴɫķǹӾҵġ 

Ȼҵĵ춷ˣΪС£˱Ӿȥ˳£˱ڻһӣҾȥѹӾҧ˭˵ε˶Ҿ˲ˣҿɲһ 

Ҳ֪Ӿ˵ֻ˻ӺˣԲ⽫ģҹ˾ʱ򣬹ӾˣҩߣҿӾ˵һģϧİҵһθоְϢԭνİ 

ҺϣͲˣǱˣÿ˯ͷܹӾŪҲһ˯ѣҲֲˣЩػͲܳܵ˵ġ 


Ϊ˳ͰȫˣǲӾг۸ˣ˵緹¶ſھͳԣҼæβͰЩ˶˵ϡ 
ˣȻٶ֣ڵʸͨһЩҩ˲㣬Ҳܵѽ 
Ȼϣڳҩĵᣬʹû˹ȥˣҿǸʹģͺȥҧǸ񶾵Ůˣϧһûжѱɱ֣ؽ˸õĴΣȻӾ˳ȴܵӰ١ 

˵ϢҺܿҵ䣬ԭǱСˣһۣ춺͹ӾͺˣСҲĥһͬסժ¥ȴһصӣ˲˺öζĹңҺȵĻ֮ᣬȡҵĶѡ

3 
֪СǲẦ˵ģΪһֱֱȻСĿֻΪϹΪС࣬˶˵Υı˻ӽ̵ʽҾ֪˺ָܿԭǡ 
嶥ĵǸӦҰɣΪڳѹֻһоͽжնڽ£Ҿ˷ܵĲѣҴڳ˵ļϣųſĵĴ˻С 
ҵˣ޵еĵһɱ֣ҵˡ 

ʼնûɱ˹Ӿֻ¾ȡԷĻһ֮ 
֮˻ָԭòģ˵Ҿȵ°ͲȻֻˣû°͵ġ 
һֱΪģˣҲ֪Ь䣬벻ӦʲôϾֻһߣ֪òĴʻǱ߻ΪЩײ͵ĴʾϣֱǶ¡ 
žɫʼҲû¶һ˿Цݣе£ΪⲻϤǸϲЦĺӡ 
죬˶ڳ˼֮УҲԥɱɱӾ£ҲΪʲôҪôӦѾС˰͹ӾǶĵ˫ҪһⳡֲӾȻ˵Ķ֣ϲҲˣѵҪΪһ˶ԼԭҶΪʲô˾Ͳأ 
սһֱڴǰǸӣҾͼȥ˵Ӿ˵Ķ֣ǿֶսһ֮״̬治ұ֤ǷܶùǸ˼ܵĹӾ 
ҲӰˣͻȻͷתʵС̣˵˾Ľ£ǲǾͻһӶǵң 
̧̾Դ˵֮⣬Ϊɱ֣ԭ򣬿ȴ²ȥɱӾԾѡ 
ȻԼȥȡһ˼ 
Ϊʲô 
һ˲ҼΪԼǰĲ̷ɣǸСɣΪɱ֣ô뷨ôͱòףӾĲôΪԷǸҲΪһᣡ 

˴ߣ߳ţæŴ˳ȥûлͷֻפɣˣȥȥĵطա 
ҲŲҪ뿪 
һֻһˣҾȥģһҪ 
ȥ 
һȽһߣҺµǰ˴ôҵģڵȻöȴô䣬ŷԵߣͻȻô˿̵˺İ 
ǰҸͲ˵ϣȴȫҷҹԹԵתλ 
ͻȻҲǸģСˣǿߣⱾǰ£ȴȫûϲá 
мҲȥϣϲҲǰǸɰ˰ɣӾҲǸͬ뷨ĻǲúܿҲΪԼ˲Լôʲô

ɱⷬ С̵ķ 4

εϣѰϵĵ̨βȫɨ˵ϣԴйŭ
ᣬ˼ǵ㣬ҲͰˣNˣ
ˣˣûˣһأһɢһ置ҵʹȥ

һͨйƽֿʼΪ˵ģҺѰ˵Ϣȥȴֲ뿪
ҶĵжȹˣԼֻһ߰ΪʲNҪΪNյģǰЩǵӶȥˣ
춻ˣһŵϢ̿ĵγȥӭӣ˼Ȼˣ˵һǹӾȻӾЩСѹֻҪû£ҲܲNࡣ
˳γȥȴķ˾ӾӾÿ˵ĻԲѣ϶մ˺öѪҲ֪˭ˡ
ߺı飬Ҹоó˿̻ҵһԲҴǣֱȥ·˵ӾĶֻʦշYܾͤȡ

ȥշY·̸оԶһ·Ľһȵķÿ춼ȡԼѪӾãͤͺҲףӾеĶ̫ԵϵѪҩܱȻҲһʹѵΪ˲ùӾʹ࣬ԾÿȡԼѪ
ʱһΪ˻ɱӾȥĻҾǰ׳ˡ
ɵɵ˰֪Ӿϲĸɱ֣ΪʲNҪN飬ÿ˰ѹӾڻ˵ʲNĻȴܸܵǰ˵ϢҲףȻͤ˵ӾûˣΪʲN˻ҪNˡ
ĸŪס

ºһϣ˰ͤȥҪ飬һƿһƿͤȥӾ¡
ҿͤһĲ죬ʵҪĽݾ㣿͸
ȴƽ˵ʱˣһڵ꣬ҲŻÿġ
˱ڳ˯ĹӾڴߣȴֻδһǾNֱ峿ӴӾ¶˵İˣ޿κεľḩڹӾĴߣ£ҿһӨ۽ǻ䳾

һ˲䣬ʹĸоҴйУ֪˲ùӾģԾѡ޿κεķӡ
⾿һʲNУΪ˲öԷģѡԼģ

ѪĶһֱνĸ飬ڹӾѧ˰ѧ˿ֺͰˣϲŭڽҵ˰صУһˣһһҲ޷ѡ
˳YͤûͣߵúҴ˵Ļ̽ͷȥֱշYԽԽԶʧڲã\֮У˵ĽŲNNᣬȴNᶨʼգûٻͷ


5 
Ĺ硪羰Ľϣͬ置ıȣҲƾĺ䣬ﴦƮ͵΢磬Сˮ̨ͤ¥鿣͸ŽϹе͸ԼĻ㣬ֻһţ 
һӾϲĵط 
ȴľɫһƧĵط˼Сӣżȥ¥ƾˮȥ¸󸽽ɢ֮⣬Լڼ 
Ƥȥ˿ӣҲסеı飬ȴܵóİˣ뿪չ֮ҾûᣬǳĬȴҸģΪҿ޷йʹһʴˣʹϵȥ 
Ƕ˿Եú֪ɵģû˵Ķ֣ͬҲᱻ˴ܣΪ˵ĶԼսʤԼԶῪġ 
Ϊʲô飬ȻϣԷ㣬ΪʲôֲǶԷ 

ڵˣҪ޵еʲôãûп֣ûЦգҶ˵һ䣬վ֪ȫҲڡ 
һ˳ĬţҲĬţңǸֻڷ絲ĵطˣҺûǰժ¥Ƕοĵʱ⣬ֿĲ 
˵Ѭ£ҲĬ˳Ը˯ڴ߿ԭΪּžĵӻԶôȥ׻˵úãκʱ򶼲Է˭֪¸սǴʲôµķء 

ڸӾˣҺÿĹӾҲûзҩȴΪʲôҪܾӾİ⣬в˵Ҫ飿ƿ飬˽˹ػ 
ȻҿӾشˣúܶ񶾵Ҽ嶯Ҫڹȥˣַˣ˸û㻹֣ԹӾ书Ķ֣ 
ˣ㰮˸㣬Ϊʲô㻹ǲϷأץסľʲô 
ҵֿʼ˿˿ʹٿǻӣĬĬγ䣬ȹӾߺҾͻˣ˭ˣȴԶ뿪Сɻ̷ɣҶһһ 

СԺѹĴһϣȴһٽʱȴȵķ֣˺͹ӾѾͺˣǱһң罺ӣҾιȥĳ嶯 
ΪԼѾ˽ĸˣڲŷָԶԶʵ޷˵ô񶾵Ļ֮󣬾ôͺõģҺܺԼΪʲôֵ󣬿Ӿκ˻תģȥҲˣҲŰװһҹʵ̫ˣ 
Ȼ˺͹ӾͺˣҲܸǼƽ̫࣬ڹӾǰֿʼԺһҲŷˣ²Ҫ̫࣬ʵҲҲÿٶһǺӰʳģѹҾԼ˺öأԭֵġ 

Ҹ湫Ӿصժ¥˵̱ȴԶιҵӫѩǵɵմ磬ЦİСࡣ 
СôߵһģҵҲԺģãҪժ¥ָֻǰ͵ա 
ǡ 
ĵҲˣԴӹӾ˹֮Ҿûܵ˵ĻůˣΪʱЩݺݵ飬һ߰ˡ 
ҵСѴ˵ĻƵҵ䣬Щ⣬ҿÿÿӾѹȣҾ͸ġ 
ǰǸСҲˣɱѽôѱôԱѹ£һôĵıѹҶȥ 
˶ԶԣһӾ̱ˮֻСèҾֺɸֵС 
ףСҲã̷ҲãǱģӾǰ˳ԵģⱲӶ޷ӿ 
ˣֻҪ˿ľͺ 

ڵҲÿ̫ɹ죬ӫѩ׼ĸʳƣҪһӶ 
ԭԣôĵĶȹӦûʲôȱ˰ɣ 
ǡ 
֪ΪʲôܸоЩ 
ʲôأ 
ȵΧӣڰе̫ܻͤˣε˺͹ӾͻȻȱٵʲô 
һ鰡ÿ˶һ룬ûа 
ˣĿꡣ 
ҪҸ飬Ҹ˺͹ӾĻ빲İ飡 
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