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ǩ ϲԩ ɫ 
ǣʣsӡԪ  ǣӣС࣬ɣۣСٻ  ɣ꾫

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ˣرõžϵķ羰лȥˣľȥҶֻʣ²ԻҸӲ֦ɣһǲԻɫ֧һסɭ֡ҲһƬããĲԻҺͿݻƣķïѤ佫һдıǺʵ
ϲ뿪ˣҪôˣֻյѩԵø
ʱʻỨһ죬ůĵعЩó紩֦𶯣óһѩ䵽һѩϵײ
˿̣ůıëƤϸ졣ѩˡ˵·߽
sӡ̲סЦȥϹˣ
бһۣԴﰤ˰û˵
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ǹ۵˵֪
ˣҶҡsӡЦ˵Ⱥúš
һҪ𣡡ű۾һＷ˳Űsӡᣬúܲ˼ԼҲԸıܣϹǰûٶҴ˿Ҳܵչˡ
õģҰ㣡һֻȫʬósӡһΪһ˵⻰˵ʮˡ
ѩµúôرܣһɣһȦ׷Լβ͡һ֧ಡط˹ĺʣܣʺѪ
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һ˰sӡϡû˯еĺЩѹΪҲΪԼ˻ӣװѵ̧ͷ
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sӡͷ˵һȥòã
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sӡĬһȻµЦ˵ˣ˵ˡһ㡪ҵŰ꣬ٶȼꡣ
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sӡЦԴ˵ˣ˵ʱòҪȥЩ⣬˻õԽͲáȻת߳ҡ
ʲ˵תʱ˵ɫǰһɵӣһˡȷ̫ѩĲɵֵһʹæһ䲻䡣ΪɻΪҪľİɡ
ʮʵ˺õòˡļߴ£sӡҲھҪɽˡ
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ȥsӡæ˵͵ؾһ٣ȥ͹ȥˡĶײҪȥǡ
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˺ˣҲȥˡ߰ɡʺҴӦš
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عĿ磬ǹһȴô⣬·Ķӵһ飬ɶкܾûгء
رĻѩţΧôһֻǰţѩزһӡϸšһֱϲɡȻŽʮѩС÷תԼĽһ̲סsӡ΢ЦsӡҲЦȥҵɽѩòãܵ˵
Ц˵ˣһ·ƽ
sӡεؿ˿˵ĵʡȻ
ڱšһƶѩڽпɿóһͻããɫС
ԶԶȻܳʮԶȴͻȻͣæҡβʹߴߡ
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ʱǲƾƵģȴһ̳ࡪ˵ǺȣʵһԼȣһǱġ
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÷ͷһڿбһ̫һչ֦辣·𿪻һ㣬һһʮ̫÷Ķ̱ҫĿҿţһ½кá
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ЦŻָԭΣ߼Ⱦơsӡ϶ϯظ֫һǸĵһǸֲ֧
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÷ЦʺãΪ˸˼Ҷǲǣ
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϶΢΢æָԭΣҲŻָԭΡ
Ҫߵʱ򣬰sӡһ̻ȥ·⡣֪ûڵأͷޣﻹ仯
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һԼ֪Լ˵Χ֮ˡǣҪָǸʡصȴһȴ͸ˮıӹסŬͨ˺ơƣߵ̱ڵء
ٺļʱʱܶ໹ǰsӡ˵ġǸһĻȫʵŵġ
հsӡ˵ǱһϱߵġŸ˸ǵĴСϵϻ̧ģǺͶ
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ǵһֻ˺һֻŮվߡʱڵϣͷǰϡ΢΢ſ۾˵İɫۺŮɫĳж
ƤһƤɣ磿ŮЦ˵δĴɩɩ
ʸеְֻһŮЦ˵һʲôȻͱһֻβʹ档
ǵøӻҡݰsӡ˵Щ˺ൽ⣬һľ׮ϣ׼Ƥ
˵˶ϲǵƤġƤ֮󣬻Ҫҩˮһ²·źÿӣҺ sӡ˵
ʼǵԼؽһֻһСԲľڡǳɣǵмֻǵζϤˡ
sӡĻǸĪĴ̼˵Ƥʱˣĵһ䡰Ҫ𡱾ͳڶˡ
sӡʱڻ˯һֻǧСûƵĺɶԣҪһֻ˵ĹѺټ򵥲顣sӡһľӾͱɢˣʵĲӣɷһգ۱㵽ĵع
ô֪ˣʹǿУˡ൱˵ǡߡࡣ
sӡɷнµ˵ʱ֪ܲ϶ˡҪж˵ԣһԣһ£һоõж룬ֱƭˡ

ˣ1

ôžӣȥݷ÷ɡŰsӡʧҰУҲ뵽һҪˡСһѩһɭȥ÷ɭֵıԵѩǵĵط
˴ԼСʱɭ־ͿʼϡˡһƬѩϣһЩС޵ĽӡСûгԵĲܳġ̲סЦˣǵôǰǵĽӡʱǶô˷ܡ
Ȼǰ˼еһ˿ɵ÷˽Ų䡣ԶԼʲô΢΢۾ٿ
һֻ䴩Ļáɫѩ׶˲ӭһ˵ҵǰȥˣعȻ·ܡͬʱһ֧䵽˸ղվĵطֻ˳ɭ֣һֻɫԾں档
ʼӿ˽Ų˼߷ɹŤתӣƵԱԶĵط䵽һСϣ֦ϵѩ
ѸۻظղŵķϣܡĽŲͣڶַ֧˹Ϊ̫ԶѾǿ֮ĩոβͣбǩѩϡ
ͻȻĴ㣬ܹ˻֧ɵβ
֪˶ãȫʧˡع۲ܣֱȷû׷ˣͣϢһ¡
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ðɣڴ⣬Ϊ˰ȫһǱһֻ˺ˡ
ܹ½ž߱ķûгԹءӦøСӺС¹ûʲôɣ롣߰ʱֱͨ仯ղ׵ϻ
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仯һǾòԾ仯һա渲ǵЩ·ĶʵδûϸͱһӲŵĳۣ˸ղżһ
ӶܲסҡΣ·Ҳô治֪ΪʲôҪ·ЩԹ߳ż߲֪ʲôʱߵǣΧû࣬צŵأȿ
쵽÷ҵʱԶԶ˵Ľ֪ǰֽ˵ֻ·Ȼ߰˸ˣģƳģǹ·ˡֻһĿбӵشǰ߹ǣӶأǾֵĽְͷǣ˿ʼɢܣҲŵü
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÷ļҲԶʺܿҵǿһͻĵ̿һխխĵط죬æ˽ȥ
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÷ָԭΣնһۣղЩһؾ㡭㡭
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ʼæԭΡڷ൱ǰǺΪ¡Щ˵˵ô಻Եĵط
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÷ҡҡͷʣֲǲ֪ˣԼ鷳ףЩӰҲῴ
ô׾ûȤζˣ˦˦ͷѱǼϹŵĺ˦ѵóһ͸͸˭֪ˣ
÷ʵǷЩˡʵ˵ȸ˵ȫˡ÷ϸ۲һ֧׵ļ𣬽ɫļͷǳ˳ԣԭ˵ʱûôڷʵڲ̡
δֻЦЦֽӹһɫëβ
÷˿ӣ̲סֿЦЦʹʱϸеһ䣬÷Цǿǵģ֪жЦءǺǣ˵Ҳˣ䲻еˡ롣
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Ǻðҽ㡣÷Ц˵

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һµС԰ʸ÷ס˵ղ˻һŻȥű䡣æͷӦС
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÷Ӻ߾һʵβͣŻعתȥߣʲôأЦ˵Ȼ֫ڣ߽鷿
鷿Ǹ߸ߵ񣬶˰ƵϱߵĴǰһųɫưм˱īֽ⣬ͷ˼飬һ߷˼ᡣ֣Ѹ߱ľΣмһŷСֻ׻ƵСѡСϵǽϣһ˻÷
һ£ҳ÷˵
תȥ̧ͷһ߸ߵ񡣺ܿļᣬһǾƮƮ䵽ϡ
ָһ˵ȿɡУȻ򿪣ǰ
Ӻģʹڻʵ۰ԼΪڶ谮мΣ˳ںڳ˥䣬˰ʷ֮ңΪˮҪɱڲѴɰ籡÷ϵ˵껭¼Ȼʡ
ʿŻǸֵĴ۵ˣҲŲҪô֣Ҳң÷˵ٿһ±ġ
һһֻݵˣߵĴ춷񣬱һֻվѩ
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÷εؾ˾βͣ˵ðɣ㡣
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һ죬ʱȴ¶˼ߵһƬһƬƲסϦȻƲмȴ©һִֵ⣬ӳýƽƵġ
Ťͷ˿ҲЦƶѵһǸܴͷӡܳȥʮԶ۶۶˻ȥΧתȦЦǧ֦ĴЦˡ

ˣ3

ǰ֮ʻȥʱСġһ磬쵽ʱűԭΡʱַѩϲѩϵĸо
ǣ׼ԼĵعȴֲⷢԶԼл˸ƺԥһ£æǱ߷ȥ
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ƵһĻͻȻǰ֡ûǣ
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ʱֻüô˵ϴҲԶԶЦһãǽ졣ѪծѪ
ֻǰǰУƺҪȥȺ˻ϣƺʧ˷΢΢һЦĵлγһ⡣ؾ쵽һ⣬ԻԭķֿĻ⣬ǰ
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ķĬһ˵ѽûģҶƫƫҪ졣ǵڼˣ߶ˡ
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̤ࣨ1

صʽ񵽵ļԼ֧ȽϡȻһģһ
һȼֻ˴СһҪ
ʼŬǸ˵ӡǺͿô˵ӶûϸأסԹԼУȺһ֣ңΪɱûϸΪֹӡһؾİ£·ǿԾİ
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׶Ʈ΢Цһ£Ƥ磿ҪһƤЦһҪ𣡡
ӯӯʵʱϰ˵۾ʱѾɵر仯Ϊˣ۾ȥǵۣĶ次
ӯӯǳɫխ࣬ɫɢȹϵһѩɫ⿴˿ཱུԲ°ȥеꣻüëϸϸģ߸۾ģƤһĵطе㴹£ԶεģССһ㣬͸Ұӣҡʼǵãһ÷߹ӯӯͰ˼ҲˡܵŶҿԼӱġ
ԴӰºӯӯǵһЩ죬ӦúЩˣʹ˵ЩЦ㻹ǻָԭΰɣ㶼ӲţЦ˵
ʲڱˣʵҲΪԵʡ˼ҰͲǧ޳Σεʱգȴÿֻɭּˣա⵹ΪӰиʲôֻ˲ôƸУࡣֻǾãڻҰ겻Ҳܲ
÷ûģôΪȴαҪΪأ
Դ˺ܲмû˺ѣϣǰ˵äĿҲáǳҲãʱֻҪԱӾͻ֣ӹô򵥣ΨһΣվ˺͵Ķ׷ɱһжˣǺܺ
÷˵㻹ûᵽĺô
ܺʣʲôô
÷˵԰ˣҲԺˣȲԸҲԸ⺦ˣ׽Ūˡ
ԥطǣŪãҲᱻ˼Ӻ׽Ūǰˣ÷Ų˵ˡ
ڣֿʼϰˣΪ˱
ʱ˼ɭɫʷḻڶǨȥҲ½ˡľʼ֦СݿʼѿһЩȲҶӳ°ˣƣ̣ףۺ죬ûڡʾͶӯӯ˵ȥɽ̤ɡ
̤ڣɽ½µľĺɽؾ֮·˾Ͷˡ
ȥʱѾۼ˺öˣЯͻģˮʫģֱߵǧģкܶںߵһƬյϷŷݡӯӯ˵̤ôΪЩŮӱ˿Ϳ˵ĻᡣӣȻҲûѰѰ٣ΧĻ֦չŮӡЦˣŶԭ˸һÿͻᷢ顣
Ǽ˷ŷݵĶӯӯһϮ磬⴩ǳ¡筺ȹ·ǹյ÷÷ĽʲôƵġǲܳŵġʱʰ죬˵÷üԲд㻹˵㲻䣡Щ䡯˵ʲôãӯӯҲ˵ãȻţ룺ҲԼüë۾պ«ưˡ
ӯӯĻԶԶطˣһڲݵˡʵĽȴһֱڰдתֻܡӯӯǱӣֽסѷݵµ˵һţȻˣʸ˵ǣƮúԶ
˭֪ոһҰȻһ磬͵קӣƮȥˡæһ·׷˹ȥӯӯԭأεؿıӰһ䣺ô
Ϊ˾ֺϡ裬ܿʾһ׵Ͽֻݡһӵһ֦ϣȻûлأʡᡱĽűסɣ׼ȥ
ʱĿ
ˣæվãæҵظȹ
һֻ˺һֻⲽ߹ǰŤͷЦ
ŵصͷֱ߳ʮԶ̧ͷǰҲǡûͷĿƫƫײšˡ룬ϸŬǸģӶԱȣжϳǲҪҵֻˡ
ֵǣֻ˾Ȼ˻Ī¶һæ̧ͷһһȹӡ΢Цŵģббյ̫һӳⶼ·˹ε۾ȻָоЩϤΪʲôһʱ˵
С㣬Ҫæ𣿡ָϵķʡ
Ŷ֪ӦôشȰͨ졣
Цˣ۵һǣݵɣµȻһְסɣһֻǣסϵߣһᣬݱ䵽ʾסæ쿪˫ֽס˷ݡ
лĿסľȻ˵
֮ͣΪл΢Цţûлưɣ
ѹͷŷݡûųˡ
Ҳ߹ˣʱڱӹ˴ˣЦµӣ΢Цſ
ŶûСʳһ˵
ЦЦתҪߡæסһ£
Ӧͷ̵Ц⡣
ʹôƺ򶨵ʡ
¼ԪңλԪϣԪı
Ԫһظһ䡣
ôС֪ҼңԪıʡ
ŶҲԪæû뵽Լˣϲ
ûСķԪЦʣ۾һʣֺ
Ŷԥ÷ӯӯʣʿ˵
С㲻Ҫᣬҵȷоᱡ֮ͽԪıǰ˵ڳݱԪࡣ
ĽشӯӯȡƱʱΪҲȡ֣δлù
졪ĽС㷼д֮硣ԪЦ˵ˣ֪С㸮ڳкδ
ʡ˵̽׶ѡڴ𵽡˿ߣ˵һڵңҪżˡ𣿡
Ԫı˵ʲôԪ͵͵½Բ˳ӣ˵ðˡðֳһС㣬֪СǷԸͬأ
˿ǣ룬ˣЦ˵Ҫһŷݣ

̤ࣨ2

ǣһ֡ӯӯΪҲʶżͻȻֻ˻һȣ̱ǽ̸Ȼ˵ԼƱ̡Ѿһ˼ˡ
ӯӯķҲոն߷ˣǱһȺתơ
ʲôˣģӯӯԶԶԪֵܵǰ棬ʡ
ҪҵֻˡС˵
ӯӯ̲סͷԪֵһֻۣͷ˵ֻ
Ǹ·ģζǴ·ġʵ
ȷ𣿡ӯӯʡ
Цһ¡ʱǡþһǧܣʱһǧӯӯֻҲȥ
ԪֵܺԼƵģԪʣԪıƱ̡һһУ´ɣʺӯӯӯغһ㡣ԪıӯӯһƵȥ󺰴Уģȴһ̲ͣԪҲЩȴ˵ˤ˿ɲġ˰죬ҪԪıơԪıЦԪգ۾ȴûл
˰ǧվˣҪȥʱԪ΢΢һ£̧ͷ˵ǧƵˣǵͨ죬˵û֡ܲ˼ǻȴЩ׹ѱɫæꡪһһ߽ŵػͷ˿Ԫıӯӯ̲סЦһ
ҪҪһͻȻ뵽ʲôԪı
ԪıЦ˵ð˵ţԪһʱǧһ߸ߴվ棬ɵһεŵػǵ̬öϳӴ󣬾ȻһԷôߡ
ʺӯӯվԲó񡣵ǣʺܿѹԪǱߵǧһֻԪϸպ÷ɵߴһߵȴͻȻϿԪϾ˫ץסһӣ˳Ա߷˳ȥʴһۿԼ߷˹ȴֻܲñ۾ȻûСҡеһֱֻ۽Ȼ۾ԼԪϵĻУڿеȥܶΧ۵ˡò
ֹͣڶˣԪıӯӯܹһأԪıѾЦش磬⡭ǲǾ˵ı˫ɰŶӶ϶˵
ԪϿ˿ĽԪıһۣѽҲ£㲻ĻЦ
ҿʼĵҪˣǡǺ㲻ǻΪ𣿡ԪıЦᶼˡ
ʾؿԪϣ˵ķְ˰ɣ
磬Ԫֵܶ˾ľ¥λӣǳԷղһǺһӳѡ
Ԫıӯӯסȥݷǡ
һҿջӯӯ˵һֱԼ˼ľḻʲôʻŻش
һؿѻ˵ҲһŹ򰡣
Ԫı˵ô˵λֻסˣһΪǾסڳء
ǡӯӯֻǵݼģվͻؼ硭
ԪıҪ˵ʲôȴһŮӵԭҲˡ
һ˶̧ͷȥֻһɫŮ˸Ѿͷ֪ʱվԱߡ˰볤ĵƶԽɴ£һɢ÷ºһ񳯷ƳȹˣһֻסأͷԪϡ
ԪæΪŮվ̫ˣֻòбվʺáԪı͵ЦһС㣬þò
ӺãС㻹ɿ쿴һʺƱ̣ʵλǡ
ŶԪæ˵λС㣬λС㡣
ʺӯӯǸŮͷ΢Цһ£ŮҲòػӦˣȻЦţȴһӰ
΢˵˼ҳСȥˡԪһƨ£˿ԪıЦ˵֪ôôħҲǷһˣҿɼأһһҲˣԪϱ˵ˣæǰ˵ľưɣֵܾҪͬ
ĪؿǡԪıԪϵݹľƣȴûͣ˼֪ҴΪʲô𣿡ʺӯӯҡҡͷɤ˵ȥԪȴһ⣬ߵĻ֧֧ĽֻȽǿһ۾ԪϡѾЦ
ʽ˶ӣԪıƻҪ˵ԪϵڶҲٵ˰УŰġ
ƺЩʧԪ϶ʺӯӯ˵λҪ֡СΪЩᡭ·ڽʲô
ӯӯЦЦ᣿ǲǡС飬⡯
ԪϺ֪ش
֮һ׼һŮΪأͲںӯӯ˼˵
ǡԪϷֱ˵һЩᡭҲϣ
ӯӯ̾һ
ԪֵܿЩΡ
ƽֻһλһʱѹˣ˵ǡ æӯӯ½󣬴Բ
ԪıͻȻָŴ˵쿴ǻҲǣŮ׷ŴأǸĲǸëһϣȻŮһ˴һ
Ԫϲҡҡͷ
ʵô£
ԪıŮɫȥ̤ĹǣǹྲϽ߻űķģҪһٴ򣿡

̤ࣨ3

֪бʺӯӯˣ˵ҪؼˡԪֵܱͬСƴֻܾ֪֡ԼǺİˣȫ֪˼һиΪѵ顢ӵ˼档
˰죬ǻǸԪϺԪıվڳԣϳΪͷ̧øˣʱͷˡһײᶥ۵ֱ졣ӯӯ˽ȥæԪֵܺЦԪͷʣЦ˵ٿôСĵһˣһҲϳ
ɰ··һУһϻʮ˰ӡһƳһ֧ĿתڿţѾȥ˻šŲӰų
ԪıЦ˵ϲǹ
ʵϲԿ
ŶģԪıԵú˷ܣָԪ˵أ´δҲλһȥ
ԣһݣԹЦ˵𣿺ð´ȥһǵýǡֿԪϵļǲҪȥԼ˵ãҲҪ
Ԫϵ˵ͷǡҼõĶġ
ʣǲǱҪÿܶࣿ
ԪıЦǹʻÿܵȥúһĲϣһϣҪȳƣȥɵԶ
΢΢һЦҵĶǿһԪඣ
Ԫıǰ
Ŷ˼һԵӯӯ۾
˳УּǻؿջӯӯΣֻ˵һҿջ֡ԪıЦŶ˵һҪ֪ǵסźáٹվǳһһȵĻᣬλȥĻǽͬУ
ӯӯǿ˵÷ˣ컹ҪȥݼҴһЩ飬²߶ˡ
ԪϿ˿ǿջ˵ڳлһСԺԭΪеӵܶˣ𻧶ӽġסʲȫԺﻨľ̨ͤҲɿɨһ£Ҫǿջסߣȥֻ»Щ
ʸҪӦӯӯȴ˵ллôİǣȷЩ㡣ƽ޹ʵظ鷳Ҳ˵ȥ
Щʧؿһձء
˵أϴ㻹ϱһĶõ㣡ԺӻΪ׼ģЩ˻ɲóԪıûԪϼ䡣
ʺӯӯЦԪһļ˵ǹߵúˣʲôҲ˵ˣ
ô죬һҪԪı
æðȥġӯӯЩεؿҲֻôӦ
ҹμѩ
һбܣԾ׷ͻȻˣתѰңȴͣһð£𾢵ɣܹͮͮĹһأ򷢳Ц
һ˼ҵ⣬˵Ҫ⻧˼ҵģһֻŤͷεؿֻôȥһǽԺ˼ҡѾ׽һʳȴǵΧĹ˰ӳ׷ǡ
ڰããУҪȥһЩʳڽѩУѩһĻ棬ĿʱʱͣתȦ׷β棬һδεطߴ·
һ֧ŰƵһߣʱѾ˵ϣѪȾ׵Ƥëеϰѩ˴ӲԶ˳ƴŭߣߣ˼ȻƴĽһ˺ԼDD˵ǧܸһƤ
ҫ۵ɫsӡԪϡ
ȻƱ̣ӯӯƱ˼ְˡҲţ֪һֱû˯Ǳѵġںڰ̾˿
𰨰ˣղţаʱ򣿡˵
ӯӯĬĬأʲôҲû˵
˵žùֶġʱһ˵İɣ˵žҵúõģôԪϵɺѡ
ӯӯĬһ˵šҪǵã˼£㲻ȥˣҲ㡣Ϊ˱Ϊ˱ֶ˵ġҲ˵ΪʲôôԼҲ˵
ҲŲᣡʹɵ˵ҼǵðĽѵ
ӯӯЦˣ˵ʲôˡ

ѩǣ1

ѩǣʲеİ˳ܵɭİһҲɧǶǹȥˡ
ڣӯӯһ𣬱ЮȺУСǵĴСС
ڱѩĸ±һ죬ѩֵ÷·ƵġůСǵĽֵߵĵ̾㿪ҾͣˮСԺС̯ǰҲֵؼˡׯǰСͷкˡյһȦ﷢Ϳ͵Ľкը̯ǰվСӣø߸ߵļСɽ̵ڵƴסˮһŮ˴ź˼ˣԱһӱҲ򣬽ƨϰ˽ʵʵһƣ
˼䡣֣飬̻ء
ЩĿϾӡͷ׵ĳϣװھµĵ񻨺֬ˮۣΡδӵЩ󲻳ԼκԼʲôӣǾúϲ
ӯӯȺ۵ġһ·߹ĿŮ˵ģĽ򼵶ʣ˵ģĽЩĿ⣬ʸе޴룬ӯӯ޶á
ʱһҾ¥ԷСһкǾ͸һһ㡱˵λ㣬ء˸ãʣǣԵʲôأڽʣҰζҲ࡭
һֻռ̴ӯӯͷŲ˵Ц˵㰡ϢôԼ˵ţָŹ̨ϹŵĲƸС˵˼
ҲЦˡɨһµڣͻȻǽǵһؿߡŸоǸ˾Цų˾Ʊæתͷ
Сת߿·֡һֵָؿӯӯӯӯȥһʱҲˡһֻͷ˿˿ǣƴ¿о׽֮Ц˵ŶǺ⡪ǳʱ򡭡ҪҪԱߵҲ塣ӯӯʶݺݵؿǡ
˵п˺СܵȥˣҪġˮôϣСæԶԶӦ͹ԵȣҴһ£߶ǻģֻҪƤƬһ¾ͳɣ˵ӯӯɫѿˡ
ȴĬһһڵغ裬Է˼ѾⷬۼŪһ˿ʣ
˾ЩҰͶӯӯ̾˿˵
ǰЩӻǷɧ˵ذΨһĳ·󹦸˻ỳڡǴͳ˵Ĳˣʷ߷ߵĵ׻ش
ʱǸߵǵԡ̧ͷȵؿ
λ㿴Ǵ·ɫôǲǾԵ֣Щˣ΢΢ҡţеľƱҲʱζƻϡ˶٣ְѾƱݵǰ˵αʶⱭƣ
ǶŤͷǣɶʲôΪԼ޹أֻеؿֶѡ
ؿһۣ룺Լȱ¾Ʋأڵվӡ
ӯӯæ̽סһһɫֻ
ӯӯԼĲ豭ӵλӣǺˣǲƾ֮ˣԲлл̧ˡ˵꣬ҪȲ衣
Ӱֹסʲôң
û˵꣬ȴͻȻӴһһƨ˵ϡСϰһš
СѾͷ˾Ʊŭؿʣ˫ַӣҪվæӯӯȥӵʱӯӯֹһšֵ˵ϡǷЦƺ˷ܨDD˴ܣǲں˭ռϷ硣
˸ܵſڣһֱӺĵСͻȻܹ˵Ǯӯӯһӣ˵ϣŲȴһδͣ
ʺӯӯֹСֱܵһСֲͣ˶۵һͣסŲˤڵϣٵҲ˵
˺һƽĸɾϵĳջķšӯӯȿ˿ڣ㰡ʵģ˼ʱˣͻϰˡҪ취ʰҪڰԺˣ϶ȥ˼ĹءԣԼеġ
£˼жãңֻ˰ˣҲûʲм˵
ոտʼˣ֪˵ѴأҪ˼㣬ԺԼѧɡӯӯһһ븺˵
ô㲻һ𣿡ͣ½ŲӯӯĻе⡣
ΪʲôҪһֱ㣿ӯӯЦ˵
ûӯӯ϶Ӧ˼顣
ߣǲپ˼ˣֻһؾ͹ˡԱ߿ţҲ鷳ɵʹҲٿˡӯӯ˵
θһβһΪҸ˾ĿҲһʵǱģġ
˿ʼȴ˽֡ӯӯһЦ
үڴĻҺܿͿԱ𡭡˵
ɱǧ㲻Ҫˣӯӯ̴С˵ǱҲûǵɶԴҪץĲˣóû˰Ľѵ
ˣһӳĬˡǵģɽҲŵȣǲ͵һˡȻҪ޳ҪȸѣȻ֮Ҳһƣǣʼղӭǣң·һֱڵ۾ǳƵġԣֻܾС¡

ѩǣ2

˿ջ׼¥ջϰæЦӭ˵λλ׹ҹǣǲողߡ˵űһżݸʡ
׹ӣԥŽӹż㣬ȴһЦˡ
˭ӯӯʡ
ˡȡõУ׹ӡЦŰżۺãӯӯ˵Ҫȥһ£һ
ӯӯ׹ҲЦˣҡͷ˵ȥȥɡƽֵûǻҪֵ
Цʵңƹģʲôط
Ҳؿ˿˵ŶߵȥߴԼؾ͵ˡ
ʸҪתǵֵĪҶ찡ǵۻķ˺üˣ˵һЩаء
룬ɲҪаĵطôЦ˵յģӦò£Ҽѡ˵űлš
һԶԶһԺ䣬ˡ
۵ȷԺǽݶ϶ѳéݣԺǽѾм̮ߵǰʲҲ˸սſڸߴľۣȥû˸ߵĻĲݡ׵չ£⾰ԵЩɭʸ̽ͷԺڣȴ
ˣ͵ػعͷȥ
ѹʱۿĶǰɫʹ۾򣬹һٴ
һƬɫ硣ʯԿд£ӵͻһƬռָɲη硣һͷԼһžӨ͸ıʯϣϸһѩƤ̺
sӡһ˦̺
sӡźǷ˹
Ϊʲô˶֣Ե㡯ҲõˣֱӸҡ߲ϳɢˣŻκԴ
sӡЦеؿ˵û뵽Ů˻ͦÿġ
ûŮ˵ʱҲܺÿʵĻشʸ㵽ΪʲôҴ
ԸҪıһ¡һȴһĳǿ¡ sӡ˵Ի
׼䣬sӡȴɵʯײϰԵȥҧĲȻŮʱȴ޴¿ڡ
Ϊʲôú룬Ҫ뿪ĵعصɽʱ˵ʲô
˵ʲôˣ˵ʲôôˣʲ˼ػش
sӡ΢΢һЦ´ȥ˵ðɣϸɣ벻ʱסɽɡ˵ű߳ҡ
´˳ȥ
ɽǰһΣǼǰˡsӡĶѩɽУȻϺ쳣ȴů
sӡһٲٲˮɽĻѩɫˮڱɽϣŷ·ξһʵٲ棬һССͤһԻ԰ͻıϣ˿뵵ˮ֡ٲɽˮɫһ
δߵı
˵òȥ˱𣿡ûڣȴ˵ˡ
ʼˣȷʵ˵⻰ǰң
Ǳ𣿡ת˵ԼҪ˵Ļ
ҲǣǣȻⲻʲôµĻһҲν˵
ҾŰٶǰʶ㣬ʲôĺѵ𣿡Цһ¡
ͻᳰЦ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˣĳ꣬Ϊ͵˼ҵһֻԼ㱻˴˵˼ҵļ͵ǵܵͥɭϵĸ˼͵ǸԼ𣿡ĳ꣬ۿŵˣֻҪ׽ֻС˲Ϳֲ˵ֻ㣬׽ָˣ˵Щ˶Сأʲôû˿ϧǼ㣬һķҪͷ֪𣿡
ʱĳһӡλعˣĻ
Ǳ˹˵Ϊһ·һζǿɱǣҲӦùǵΪ˻ȥɱ˵ļݣΪͷԳԵ˵ġǽ֣ȴǲģǱʲô۾·ҪȥҵĻϴε鲻ҪˣлĻȥɱֻ˺ˡ
ȥɲΪɱˣֻʵѵһ¡˵
㡭ǲҲ˼˼ɽס
û˵ҲǰɣûɵǵĮ̫ţȻ벻˼Ľ㡣֮ӯӯ÷Ͱsӡһ겻ѡǰӯӯǶôҵȥ˼ѽǻǵð˵ȥһ˵˼ķҲǧУɣٶ֡겻ûû˵ػţһӹһ죬иʲôȤζǣⷬģͷֿ֡˺
Ҫȥsӡ߽㲻֪㽫ʲôǺ׵ġ
һʱ֪λش𣬱˵Ŷ컹Ҫȥء
ĻشûðsӡʹȥεؿɲǷȥ
Һܿͻᴦ˼µģ㲻ҪҡĶ߾þûص

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÷һҹջʺӯӯϴ֮ͺٳţͻȻˣ˵˵˼һҪҵһͶҲ°
ʺӯӯһˡ
һġ˵
ǸǸһˣɳֱ˵úܰġ
۾ҿңͷһֱŤš÷ģӣԼЦǰϡʺӯӯҲЦôǧĵ÷Ҳʧֵʱ𣿡
÷ɲ𣡡ֵ˲Ÿѵãǲǣ
ʲ֪ʲôѵã֪ôشӯӯҲûлشԴӰ֮и˵н
÷ǰ氮ϵһˣǼǰˣһϾϿסꡣ˶ǳ÷㳣ӼǸ˻Ϊд˺öʫǣԴϾ뿪һȥûѶ÷շת˼ŵȥˡ˵˼Ҿ죬ھаݵʦŮ÷ʱߵ˵ߵʱ򣬻ɽ˵һбػңִ֣֮ϡȰʹ˷֣ģ׷˽ϣдΪѡΪ̰һൽУ÷ֲ鵽ԭԭӣ㽫ϢɢȥʦһͽŮӻ˼ңԭ˳ģҲͰˡ˵ŵ;С÷Ҳûиеˣ˵һ䡰áȴһЩᡣ
֪ҹôģ÷һصʺӯӯ
˶ҡҡͷ
ڷõ£һѻһ˹һ̺ӣһҹл÷˵˵˵žЦ
ʵͨŮʶİûʲôֵġұˣΪҪûйɣԸİˡ
÷ЩįؿҺұ
εҡҡͷ˵÷С㣬ұ˼˰ÿβΪ˻ųȥģЩ˲Ǽһû
÷Ĭ÷ϽƣΪһ˵ΣһǶˡҪʱ뿪һЩˡ
ӯӯȥ
÷ɳѾ뿪ѩˡҪȥ
ʵǱߡ
÷ЦЦҪҵģһֱƴӣδжѵÿڣôӡ
ӯӯ̾˿˵ֻ֪˽֪࣬᲻Ըһ𣿡϶İֹ˵ֹ׺
÷Ĭһ˵Ҷ֪ǣһˣô÷
룬˵˵ȸϲǾһ£͸ɢ
û˵꣬÷ӯӯЦ÷˵Ǹ˵ѾˣĻ㲻ֱ뿪һ·һ롣
Ǳ˸ǲǣǿԱˣȴܱǡΪʲôǲϲǣֻˣƾʲôΪ˾ʡ
Ǻ˵ģΪǻġǺõģ˻Ĵ٣Ĳ¡У˼һԽΪģǳԷĻƣвĵģӯӯ˵
һʱĬ
ҹ÷ģһ۶ñȥ˻ǡʿͻȻ뵽á˼ơǣ÷ȥɽ𣿡
÷Цǰ
룬˵벻ȥ˼ң
ӯӯ뷨÷˵뱨ˡ
ʶӯӯ˵÷ҲҪѪʳ˳𣿡
ӯӯʾط㲻̫Ȼɽ÷ǵԼҪһЩǺ̫໹ǻа
ʳһ£ɱһҲûʲôɣ
ӯӯʲôûʲôҪɽôԡﱾ˹޹ĵؽ磻˾һʦǷô죿ҪɱҲգҪͷϻһ㹦£ֶһʣ
÷ִ̲סʣʲô£
һ˵ҪǰɽӦþûϵ˰ɣ
ӯӯεؿҪ˵ʲô÷ǣʣʲô°
ӯӯ˿ʣ׼㱨𡪡һֻˡ
÷ܴʲôЦ˵ʵأνﶼһ
־ϲ˵ģ
ӯӯ÷ôҲ֣
÷˵͵ǲඡ
ӯӯ˿ʣҪҪ𣬾Լȥѧ÷ɺˡ
÷ˣ´һʣЦǸ⣬ȤҪôұ
Լȥεؿǡ
ӯӯؿ˵ǰԼԼôֻˣŪǸޣ
˵áȥȥ÷̽ҡ
÷кѣ˵ţ߸˵ʵһȥˡ
ӯӯεȥˡǸԼ춨ˣܹģȻı䲻ˣǾѡ񲻿ɡ
ʱ򣬲֪Ҳһˡ

ɫգ2

ҹʱ÷ģһŨױĨ֮󣬻ɷɽ÷ӯӯͬȥ
һԶԶعҹУ¹ˮк˼䣬ݺͽֵһƬɫֻнűʶóǡӯطڿУڣдšԪլһԺ䣬һЦԺӡ
˿ҹʱ֣Ǵ磬ֻͥԺһ᷿͸һƵŵߵǴǰĿۿֽڣֻһüĿǰؿ飬Ԫϡǣػһӡ
Ԫڶ飬һ̧ͷһλŨױĨŮվڵ£һ
һҹǲ̫įˣ÷Ľ̵ĵؿ
ʲôˣҹôܵˣԪվȵ
˵ʲôأԶݣ󸮡װµ˵
ŶˣĵϸȻȥɣﲻҪš
ӣҹˣ鷦˺ηϢһ£̧ͷȻض۾Ц˵÷ôֻҪרעؿ۾ڽӣϧûС
Цſ˵֪ˡһ˻ȥϢ߰ɡ
ʿߵߣ˫סĸ첲ѽӣҵĻȲҪ飬Ϣһ°ɣ
Щæ֣ŤͷҸһҪˣء
ʶʱ⡣
˵ߣ
Ż²ȴЦҪ÷ôءʶȤˡӣôôƢѽǰȥվı
תƿͷ˵Ҫ£һҳɺͳ
ػðɡУ÷ӯӯڿءʵ޼ƿʩֻʹ÷ľС̫ˡΪ˱ֻˡ롣˳ƵھԶĵطˤɢбίӶ˵СŮӲ֪أ
ԪôҲû뵽ԼһƾܽƵԼҲ֣ǰ
ǣס֣վһ޹ǵصĻȴŵ˺벽˫ֽƵһ֮⣬ҡ㵹ֻվȡ
û˵ɣǸղ˵㣬Ҳá
Ĵ֮ȻһЦҲѹ֡ڴ֮ң֪Щ˵Ŀ࡭˵
Ԫ
ͷһ߿ޣһ˵ұҲ˼ҺӣȻûǧĶǮҲʳǡȢĺĳȥ길ҲˣĸŮĲﶼռˣ糾ءôҲĻܾ˶򣬺ѰһӳǰͶݡ
Ԫˣ̾˿ͬؿ
Цˡһо֮СߵߣٴòȴпЩ¥е˱ѧЩŮӣĸ֪ԼأԺ㲻Ҫˣϳһ˵ƺʲô΢ЦʵµŮӸϲ
һʱ֪λش𡣲ܾôͬ÷Եôһʼʧأңǻ÷ӣ
Ҫ˵˵ȥɡȻôĲ⣬ΪƣҪڽׯ
ĵؽŨ޵֬۱仯ûˣһӱؾӣϲؾģɤʡ
Ԫ̧ͷһһһŻعŶղһѲô˵ġ
Ŷʲôѣʡ
ֻһʶѣǻŻţȴܿɰ¶΢Ц
ɵЦЩʧ䡪ӹҲôףϲŮˣԼ
DDҲߡ֮ǰﲻпˡְο
ˣͻȻһůӿһǻ˴롣
ˣȥɡԺҪһνֻ֪ˣԹá˵ţ
ԥһ£ŬµĻǡվЩޡһߣԪǼֻøǳ
÷ӯӯڵڨڨطɵߡ
÷˵Ǵ˰мûôжˡ
ǸҪٰȥԣ浽ײЩ򡭡ԥ
ʲô㻹ȥ÷˲ᣬȵؿҿӯӯ˵öԣ㻹ǲҪˣǸˡ
ǣҵĳҲܲЩˡ
ȥҪǺһᵹȥء÷֣ص˵
ʿ޳һˣʧ̾ⶼЩʲôѰ˵ѱѱ䡣
ȴϰ֡ʹķʱʱӣʹû˰Ҳа취ѩޡֻǻ⻨һЩʱպ;ˡ
һǰС˲·÷ҪȥǸˡҵٸϢ˵ţðһûˡ
ӯӯ̾˿˵һôҼ˻أ

ᣨ1

ת۵˻糿ԪһһͲСѾ߹ʺӯӯĽƱ̡
ӺͶһλүȥͥˣСλ곤ļ˵
ƱԿ˼䣬Ľǵ
Ľһ·϶𳵴ؿ棬۾䶼ˡ·ϵﲻ·ǶȺȥͻģҲе˸ɫӺСȥġ죬˵ɵĽ֪ﴫ
ҲȥͥѾߡ
ǵġҼҹûλ𣿡Ǹһ԰ʹһѾߣޥĴĽˣ˵ͷû˵
ӳ˳ǣһʱһɽˮڡԶԶȥֻɽҰһޣɽŵĵطһѵˮһʯŷɿϣԱ˸̯ӡźӱߣ˸ʽĻǵİ˶Լܼչʾһ
ĽˣӵȴͣȴżǰС
ֹһʱ䣬ͣǷͥˡǽ֮ڣһӦ̨ͤöɽˮ裬ʱĻҲңʵġͥ
ۼԪеǣ˵ЦʱӴ󿪵ŻдԺԪıָżڻ²Ρ
ǣæӭ˹Ҿλٺᣬʤмָ˵Ҵأһÿлλ
Ʊ̵ջû˵ϸҺò֪ҪμӵǸϵĻᣬðȻвס
СˡղǼѽôоۻˣʲôġ̫ˣ˾òˣҺʹҲλġԪı˵ţԺߡ
߳ԪϴӺסǡ
ԪıЦæˣ
Ԫϲ֪ΪЩΣЦŶеҪΪҹ飬ټЩڡ
Ԫı˿ǣƱ̵ҪȹȥҴʲôΪҪ
Ʊ̵˵ͷáǡ˵ҡ˵ձԪıˡ
ԶˣԪݷ˺ܴľģĽҽһΪ͹æҲ֪˵ġܲܰҸæ
ĽˣЦŶܰæʲô£
ԪǺԥһ̾ǲ֪ô˵𡣡
ĽŶ֪ʲô飬ô㣿
Ԫԥ˰Σվ˵ֻܷӦһ£ǽ˵ͻ㣬ǧĪҪҲҪҡֻҪӦǾǰˡ
ĽĪؿǰæһΪǶ¶أ
һСԪϣ˵Ҫ˵Ԫүء
Ԫϲͷ˭ˣÿĲԼ𣿡
С˵үһҵˡ
Ԫϲüͷϸ˵ֻ˵ղ˵֮£ǧҲźá
Ľá
ԪĽһݣתСˡĽȥ˺Ժ
ԪҵľᵱݶԪϯǰͥԺŮ¡߹һػ԰һˮĸ¥ŮǻŽصؾ棬ҲмСڻ԰ͻ졣
Ԫı¥ҲΪϯŵΣһϯѾ߰λˣԱߵϯֻɢɢ˼λС㡣һλĽһռС㣬˵ͷСȴƼǼֻ΢¶һЦ·ǻ񣬶뵽˱ʲô顣ĽɵЩ
ԪıЦһλ̬ĸ˰һݣĸλҺʹСС㡣Ʊ̺ĽæǰǸæǣЦŶԱߵļλ˵ģŮһֵϲһЦƱ̺Ľ
Ʊ̵ðǰԪĪСʧ񣡡
Ԫıæ˵ĸǲ֪ССҹԭǲģƭġ
ֻԪŵһλˣԪıĸˣЦָСħڼҲͰˣô˼ҲûоʵΪ㵱ſ˵⻰Ҿˣ³ĵ¿ɶռȥˣһ仰ǵôҺôЦ
ԪЦ˵Сǧ⣬ǹҹҳɿ˵˵ûЩء
Ʊ̺ĽмؿԪıæһһļˡԭԪұҵļλ⣬һλϷ˺λҷڳϷСĸλҲǴŮһġƱ룬Цһ¡
һʱСԪıǰͥϯæ¥ŮҲˣϯֵؿϯ
ԪϡԪıĸסϷ˲༸λҿһϯƱ̺ĽСȼС㼰ԪҵλСһԪҵļλԶ׺Ͳҷһ
ԪλСȤĺܣ١塢顢ԪΪԪеĳŮԪСһ࣬Ԫı㣬ݶׯֹľԪԪԪϰãҲ֮ˡСԪԪıôãʮһӣԲ̴۾ԲǿɰǼ졢ˣҲһƱ̱Ϥһ˵˵ЦЦĽĥĸҪƤСѾͷأ
ԼĪǰƹѲʱԪѾͷǰԪϵڵֻһ߻ͷϷǵСӼңɲܸǺ̫ơ
ϷЦۺӡ϶ҲǴˣ㻹Ǻһ
һԪϡԪıСһЩкӶˣԪϺԪıź˲پơԪԼ߼һӣԪ¡ԪıĸˣСЩкҲԱԼĸ׹ȥˡԪýƲԪϺԪı
϶һûˣԽúˣϷ̲ס̾
ԪЦ˵Ϸ˹ˣǳ˸ӣ֪ﻹǺһпڣЩˣ
һ˵ϯ˶ЦԪ϶ǲ豭ãȻǣûѡ
Ϸһ˵ĸ޳ģȻˣ굽϶ô󣬿ȢϱӶˣ
ԪЦ˵һҲڸء
϶۽̫ߣԪкõŮӾвأٿϯ䣬ҲвŮӲ𣿡˵ţ۾ȴԼŮϡѵͷԪıЦĽߡ
϶̣ϯϿпϵŮӣϷһֱСӦĿ⣬ֿЦһתԪϡ
ԪϺջعЦſ˿Ϸ˵̣а

ᣨ2

ҶԪϣ˵ȴ⴫һ󼱴ٵĽŲС˵⣬һ˵˼仰ӱҴ˽Ԫı˵˾ʲôԪıЩȵ̧ͷ˿ĽƱ̣˵λĸǰ߽ҺʹȥʧˡԪһš
ԪЦŲղŵĻͷ˵ǣȺһѣȥԺͻȥҷ׷˵á
ƱϣԪ˱кһ¥˼λЯͬ⣬˶ˡƱ̺ĽҸطһ˭֪ԪСԪСԪȴǵСβ͡㣬ƯסҼòãԪظĽ˵֮£ԪһԪﰡֵܽãѩסʲôݼסƱ⡣Ʊ̽ձһ׻ֶ˵һ飬ن£㿪ʼЩһӻ̾ڻҴĽһۣգֻԪøմɫӦþˡţеԪ飬Լֳ
ڻţȴԪıִҴҹ֧ԪԪ˵ǿʶңһȾƵʱ򿴵Ů׷ŴǸ
ĽƱҡҡͷ
ոܵ˵ðǰţȰ˵˰ҲϰԪı
֪ˣǸ·ˡĽȻ򡣽ţ췢
ǿɶ񣡡Ԫıߵ˵һˣ»ҲѰ£
ӣ㲻Ҫģǽǵ£ǳȥۺˡƱ˵ţĽǰͥߡԪıæסǡ
ǰͥǴ˿û˼ȾƣĿⶼڻϡԭǻҲǳͻĽһ·̽ͷ̽⿴⾰һ˿һһ
ĽƱֻһ£żͣɷһ㡣ԪϵĸԪ͡ԪϺͼ岮ЦȰ˵šһ߹ǻұһ˵֣һȳһյߵĽߣЦ˵ҵȰɣԪˣæǰӽס˵ֵܣ϶ʲôᡭ
ĽЦŶԻ˵λӺ֣Һ񲢲ʶ㰡ô϶أʶ𣿡Ʊ̿Ц˵òءԻƹ߳жȴһŮţҲ֡˵ƽ޹ʵģĸŮ˻ᷢôƢ
˵Ҳˣ
㻹Ʊ磿ǿԪϻҪ˵ʲôԪͰֹסƹӣλСĿˡ㿴ҵıϣĪڼƽˣ˽Ϸ򶨵ԱߵļλҲȰ˵˫ҲˣҪΪ˺
룬֪Լûʲô׬ˣǺЦбۿ˿ĽԪϣЦ޲ռСܻ֪ġԪ֣޸ǳš˵꣬һ֣ﳤȥ
վŵԪϺĽһʱعʱúҲͷԪͺɵǡϯ˴˿̰ͲеӿøղŵĲɢ⻰ţɲŮòԪЦ𣬻ӻԪϼ˿غͥ
ԪϡԪıƱ̺ĽһȴԪˡϷ˲ԪҵСǲ֪ʲôʱ򶼹ˣŻľڵԶԶߡΣղŵһĻǶˡĽڨڨģ֪δԵͷ·Ԫϸں棬΢ϲɫ
һص֮ԪԪϵԽԽûˣص㣡
Ϸ˿һԪϣֿһĽЦ˵ǾЦҺǺһЦ͹ȥˣѵ治ɣ˭֪ԪȴĽӣòãҶԾؿԪúָλ˵⺢ӸǺˣ˵ʲô軰
ƱɫԪӣ֪γԣĶԪ׹ʾɣֻҺǳε󸮣˵ЦұӦô棻ֻСôЦøλĸˣΪʲô˼ҵŮ
ԪæƱ̺Ľֱۣ˵С㡢СһƷ˭˸ᱡִĺӸǾƺȵöˣˡ˵ձҪƱæס
϶վʲôСⲻǣ˼ͷһε˵ĶЩʲôԪ˻ͷݺݿһԼĶӡ
ԪϴͷߵĽߣһҾС㣬Ҿƺ޵°ɡӵ˸Цĸһ̨¡
Ľû˵ֻ˵ͷ
ԪֵؿŶӣҲС㡭кĻ󣬲ŵ㡭ϯרΪ
Ϸ˺ҷ˲һϯˡǰĽһۣĻ̌ͷһĿ⣬˸սߴƱҲǳ
ҵ˶меģűԼҵˡԪϱĽǡ
ˣĽϳʱԪϵʡ
Ǻ˰ɣʲôҪᱡңĽ˦֣׾˳
С㣬㲻סԪϿıӰ˵˵һͣסˡ
ĽѴӡȥ

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ĽƱһ·޻ãͣĽƱȺ˳ǣ֮ȴǿջһԺſڡ
ĽƱԥؿΧǰԺӿѩǵıԵǽߣһҶԷſֲŽǽǽĻݽӳʮ¡һʯС·ֱͨſڣǧ񣬴ԴԵΪС·һɫĹƻʱֵӷ϶©£յС·ӲӵһƬ
ԪһҼҹӱλţһλ׹˸˻λ
ʱԺŴˣsӡһ˳һɫװģҡһֽⲽԪļǵл±ǰͥͷһ·չǣյлˡ˵ϣ׷ǮǼæ׹ӿˡҼҹ˵׵ϰݻλﲢˡǶȥ
Ľsӡȵͷϴ뿪֪ġƱĸ⣬һĽҲ˼֣ĽָŰsӡԺš
ԺӣĽƱֳʺӯӯԺӲȴʮ䣬᷿мһССĻԡһȣһƬССĺԺԼһССĳӡǽһѾæǰӡĵǿɶˣӯӯ״ЦsӡӣȽţЦֻǼİˣƽҲڶЩġ
˼йоصְ衣һžͷһ˺ͼһ˼ɳԸ˺ޱߡһ̫ʦΣ¶İѸ߱ľβķС
ӯӯһ£sӡ˵ⷿӺЩأķӣ
sӡȴסһʱգѵҪһڻ߻ɣɸɾ񲻸ãֵջĶѾǴˣȥǡ뷿ɡ
ʺƱ̵Ĺ뷿ǺԺŷ䣬ʵļ䣬Ʊ̵Ƕļ䣬мл԰ǰԺвļɽڱΣĺϡĹ롱⾳⻰̳ԼĹ뷿ҵĴǷĵ񻨴ȥʮͣӣһɫһɫǴһһ޺졣˷ܵȥ˵ʲôƵġ˵Ϊʲôôϲ˼ŮӵķӡŶϸǴȥ÷뷨İɣsӡƺϵ΢΢Цһ£Ұ㲼õģ֪ĽС񣿡
Цˣæȥӯӯӡ뷽Ǽһʽĸ֣һӦ趼Ũ˵ɫӯӯϲɫʵΪ׼ģԭҲվߵġӯӯ
ô˵Ҫߣʵ
ҪߵģðsӡˣҲ¹µˡӯӯЦ˵
֪˼£龰ִĳã
ӯӯЦŰsӡβ̵ø˻ͱģһΪǰ㻹Ҫǵģ
sӡֱ֣ã˵úãѵ˵乫ĽС㣬㿴Ҷҵɱƫƫͳ˲ݣҲѧϧЩɺã
ʱЦȴϷӯӯߣҪҲидʲźá
ӯӯ˼ػشкѣ˵ͻȻһȥˣܲһֱסݼɣ
sӡȰȻˣһ쳾ȥҲ¡
ӯӯһЦȰˣ⼸վߡҪҲסұȲǣ˼俴ʲôʣЩʳŮˡ
һʱѾ˵ǰ׼ͣӯӯ˵Ҫʰһ²ŹȥʺͰsӡȹȥˡ
һǰһšѱһӻҪ˵ʣôˣ
sӡ˼ôҾͲңǸ¾ܲ𣿡
ʵһҪأԼԼܾͺˡ
sӡƺˣͻȻͣס˽Ųתûͣסһͷײ˰sӡϣ۵ֱ졣ǰsӡ˵ݻģһӣֺЦ˵˶Լ֪ǲǣ
ʳԾؿô֪ģ
sӡ񻨶һ֦ͷ϶аأ
̾˿Ҳû뵽
sӡͻȻסļ򣬿۾˵ʵǲϲֻˣ
ʷ֣ЦЦʲôϲϲģ
sӡ̾һ˵òġΪһֻˣͻʡҲһֻˣ·ϲ֪жŮ˿óأأɣ
εؿ˿˼ߵǰ档Ԫ˼ӣsӡȣ˭һЩȷԪӡƬҫ۵İסһ±չվֹâİסsӡҲǰɫģȴǾӨ͸ıѩ֮סΪ̫Ϥ벻ֺһֱһ𣬲һ֡
Ȼ˼䣬Ǿòãsӡʣ㣬ʡ£
ͣסŲͷˣʻʣsӡҲǰsӡ
Ϊʲô飿sӡԹ֪ʶҲܺãǣǲǵĹϵٽһ
װû
ʺӯӯʰҡӯӯ룬һɨDDҪ˵ıȻѣηġΪܸɵ̫Ȼɶȴﲻֻ˷纮ҲҪʮ²ŵúԹ岻ѱء

Է2

һϣԪԷѾʺӯӯʱsӡй֮ڶ᷿Ȳ衣
ʺӯӯ·ϣڵ̸
ĸĸǷѣλ÷ֹ磬λЯᡣλĸǰҲ̴ǰsӡ
СС˿̾Ԫ̾
ʺӯӯţsӡæסͷ໥Ԫϲס۾ʣʸоĿ⣬ȴ̧ͷһۡ
sӡЦһ򽿹Ҳ鷳ˡԪϣЩ㵱ڸѿ
Ԫϵͷء
æʣôԪıûй
Ԫ϶ЦˣҪϸμԣײˡ˶磬ʹȥϸˡԭԪ̣Ԫ汲ʼб˳ˣԪıĸױǱԪϸԪıһһˣǵүүʱͶµ¡
˵ЦһԪϱҪǡ
sӡҪԷԪϵֲؿ컹Ҫλȥʱһ˳˵꣬ʵĽһ㶫ҼҴ˹ڳˡҳȥһ°ɡ⻰ĸ⣬Ȼ˫۾ţֻáŶһģشӦšsӡ⻰Щ֣Ҫ˵ʲôԪϵ֡С㣬ԶͣʹɣĽСȡҲˡsӡټֻ֣ܿʸԪϺš
Ϊյ£ߵʱԪһֱһԶľ룬۾ʼղ
ĽС㣬ԪϷ˽Ų˵ͻԭΣ𣿡
ûлش
ղ˵æҲ˵ܻ巸㡭¶Թûв˼
£Ц˵ʲôĻǾû뵽
Ҳû뵽죬Ҳˣ˼ˡƱС㣬һЩɵˡСҲʶģǰɣǶ˱ͷϾš
˵˵ǻСͲٲˣʺ־úЦ벻Ԫϻļơ
ԪϺ˵ͷ
ֻǣֻԼһ仰ڣҾͳˣʵ
֪ģԪϲ֮ˣһ
Цҷʲôģִ
Ԫϱ׵ͨ죬һ˵Ǿƺԣǲ˵ƺԡ𣿡
ֵԡû뵽ǺŪģsӡĻ
ߵԱߡԪļڵȺˣȻʹװʰȴ˽²ס۾ǡԪϴӳһֻɵСϻӣݸʻҪ˵ʲôԪϵĽСȥϸ˵ű˳ǣȴͻȻûлҪ˵һӣеһȡʱ߹ӣбͣȻû˵ʲôƺҲеЩЦЦ˵ˡ˵֮ԼҲЩæӣߴߡ
ʿˣ˵ʲôȵճŻصԺ
ߵ᷿ʱsӡվ⣬һЦ˵׵һǲǣ飬㲻ԻԼӡ
ϻӣһ͸Ө壬ǵʮ־ϸһ̵ֻ壬ŵĺЩˣ˴ġǰеǿҵаġ㰵࿹΢Ϣ˵аȾ
۳ɷεļֽһдӽ󣬼֮֮ռĸɽ˼շʦΪ֮о߻֮÷ǰ˵ģ˼˽֮͸ŮӣǶ֮⡣æٿڶţдݣУ´ͷڣ˼ʮĸɽ㣬ԸˣԳع֡
ħˣ˵Щ軰ʰӣѾ̡ͻȻᱨ𣿡˵ֹһ׮ֻҪģ쳤վõֻ˵ߣһԥһ£ǿ壬˼
ȥӯӯӯӯڴϼ£ʽ۾Ҳ˵ʲôҲҪ˵Ҳ֪
߹ȥһ£ȴһ˸ܹȥҡӯӯӣˣֵҲ˵ѵԼ𣿡
ӯӯƿ֣˵㲻˵Ҳ֪ô¡ǿЦʵǶаĽƻô˵ǵʲôɣΣ飬Ǳģ
ʾȵô֪
ӯӯ۾м˵֮˼Ů˽ѲЩеģ˲ǶӣŮȥŮأǰʫǶӡӣҲȥ񡣴ⲻǰﲨ͵顢ǰᡭʲô֪
Ҳ𣿡ʡӯӯľһεľ
ӯӯĬһ˵ŷ˸˵ҡЩԼɡ˵ˣҲһġ
û˵ʲôֻڴ߳
ʱһʵӡsӡǸСϻӡɵýֽͰ͵һţ˹Ȼа̲סҧǣ룬ḧһ£Ǳָԭǿ忴˿ͻȻһͷԺֻ֣ԥһ£ս壬һ
Ǿ壬һĵС
Ǿǵڶá˵ΣͷǧҪﰡ

½1

Ԫһ뿪Էʱѽ硣·һҾƼʱԪķ꣬һҪ³ȳԷֻȻؼƽˡ
ԪһƧĽ£Ҫһ̲һƣȻһߵϲһĵؿΧˡһ·ͣػζŸĽ˵ÿһ仰˵ʱ飬ǣ뵽Լ⼸ܵ尾벻֪⼸տ뵽ִ᲻ȥԼһ·ֶֻۣȻؼҴ˯һ
Ĳ˻ûȴǰʲô£ԶԶż˾Ŵ¥ԪҡҡͷֵﲻЩطǷ֮ذ
ǰۼ˽ԪԱһϵۡ
һǸ˿϶ǸŮģôСӾ֪һ˵˿ȥҲǺö˼ҾǺһҪǮˣǻбͷŮһġ
Ԫ¾ʣ¹ǶࡣŵҺСȥȰˣ֪ԼһʱҲԲϷˣ׼һҰľƼҡ
ߵǸȺĵطһ֮ۡһʱסˡ
ϸ룬æȺļˣλ̨λҵһѣ֪ʲôطλ
ԪϣһǴ·һ˵ߣӵؿԪҲǱҲǣֻ÷סĸ첲һš
ˣΣ㲻˵һһۣ˵Ҳúÿúõغžƣһ
ԪӵݸǣλȥµİɣλҲģҪ
ǮҲûл˵ˣҡڵˡԪҲţһ¡һͨڣһЩ֪˶پƣյĨɫֱü޽ǣֻ۾ȴֱƽʱĵöࡣһԪϣ˵Ԫϡ
ԪϵͷһѾƲ裬ݵֱߣ룬ǹټҵС㣬αúܣƽһһԪӡ˵ֱ֣ղһͨޣŪһһҲʪ˴ƬŻò
ˣȻһֻ֧Դ۾һ૵ͷˡ
Ԫ̧ͷһۣ˵һң·ȵҲ׼
ЦһһʱΪʲôģѵ֪ҳôûܹίﶼܹˡǺǣȻԼܣ㲻֪µġ
ԪϿ˵һҪҲǸ˵Щ㲻Ҫ𣿲Сʱ˵˵ģҶطϡ
ˮݺύʣ˵ֻǵǵ£ȴǡ
˵쿪ʼǫ˳Ȼȴ˿ΪľٶԵÿЦԪҼҽһǳԪӵ̸۵һЦﳣһЩ̱ĻǣѾⲽأԸᶨ˾ģһҪԪһ𣬲ŶԵԼЩ
Ԫϵôδ뷨㡭ҲΪҷġ
ΪĽشĻ
ԪĬĬһڲ裬˵С޹أСʱǺܺԺͺˡȥԼҲãҶҲûˡ
˵ѣô޹أʲôˣʲôãô
Ԫϵˣ裬ؼȥҪ˵ʲôԪϲݷ˵
ΪţԪϱҹһ
ʵһ˳ģʲô⵹ѵõġԪ΢΢һ£Ц֧ȥҲû˵˳ԪϵļĿ
һƵˣƿƺ̫ˣǣһİŮӵ޹ǵؿԪЩͨͶŮӼ֮Ԫıʶ¥ͷƣһȥݻǣȻȥˣȴ̫׽ЩӵܶǷŵ˵ģ׷׳ЦȴԼ뷨Ǽ˭ӭΪı֮ʣʵаģˣֻҵ˲УĵֶӦֻһ˿ǡˣ쵱ĽǧʱŻš˭ĽҲһ棬׷ôˣ뵽Ԫ̲ס΢Ц
һ˯ˣϢᡣǵСʱҲ˯ţڼ԰浽ʱ򣬼СͻȻˣǾһ߽һߵңҵʱڳߵʯϾڻ԰Ĳݵ˯ˡȻ꽥֪˸ĸǶǵԼÿμͳ˸˵һʲôоɷޣܺСʱҼҲ໥й͡ޡٵȵǨˣԽԸӽ˵ȥүǼµģ˭֪˵ˣүû̾ԪһֻɰżŹ˼죬˸Ԫһȥ㣬˺˵֪үСҵֻ¶꣬ھְҼү˵ܸء˵ԪˣҲЦˣ˵ѵõˣǸ¶ǺõúܡԪ˻ؼ֮Ԫүһ˵˵ԪҺҪȥʸ֦Ԫүˣ⻰ۼԺ󲻻ˡ
ҿԾʹ֣̿߸·ˣ˭Զ֮ԪϰĽѣ֮ĸֻûа˿ģڿ˵ԪϲޣֵüＦɹĸӻǳТӣ޿֡
ſڣԪϽ˵ſˣͽȥһ̺㡣ԪЦŰڰ֣кܶ겻򸮴ˡ˵ҲҪȥˣһϳ˴ˡǺߴٳ̡
ֻÿߣֱӰӱСˣ̤š

½2

˼ңԪϻһҳ·ȥĸʰѾޥӸղŽ˵ӻȥ
Ԫ˵ҲûʲôҪ£ôȥϷȥȻҪһ˵
ޥˣȴЦˡԪϲ⡣
ޥ˵Ľ˵ǰߣϲžˡ
ԪϳһæʣڿˣϲԼ޶ŮȴΪµĶŮ²ġŴԪʮʱͳԪͷһ仰ǿڶżҡδСȥˡ⼸ԪҺҵһֱδûʲôֿʼܶˡ
ޥЦ˸ˣͲ֪˵Щʲô
˵꣬Ԫϰȱ˳ȥû߼ۻޥ˵ҪǱң˵ûסˣȻһԺȥˡޥѾЦ
ߵԪıӵſڣԪϱﴫһ˵Цռ˵ҪԪı˵ֻһԪıˣֵܽǵÿձ㵽
ԪݣԪ١Ԫ塢Ԫ鶼ڣڿϺȲ졣ԪҪʼܶˣϰ飬֪ڿǰӸ˿ġ
쿴˭ˣţԪıָ˵Ǳȥ̽硯ϲšգµֵܽѾԪЦ޴أֶ֪ȥݷ졢λ⻰޲Цǰϡ
ԪӣԪ¡ԪɫҪΪ׵ˣ˵û˹㲻ġ֪㽫˸ĸ٣ǲǼ˻ƶģ
ԪıԼ⣺ѵԸȥ;ʵ˵ҵһۼҵ⣬ֻ±ûЩءֻϧҵ
Ԫϵأҵģպ֪һǰղңƫȥǵĹ٣Ц
˵ЦһԪͻȻЦ˵磬ϲˣ֪𣿡
ԪϺԪ˵ȥʹˣﲻҡ㣬˵ϲŸһټҵСһҩҵС㡣
ԪЦ˵ѾͷٹҲˣϲҲŮģôŻŵܹȥʣҲߵûţ
Ԫ΢΢ҪܲҪܣҲޣһӸһ𣡡ԪıЦԪٺԪ嶼ͷ
Ԫֵﻹٽȥš
ԪٺԪһʱ̧ͷ˵Խ˵ԽˣԪ鿴ˣûٳ
ԪıҶԼˣҲȥ
ԪٺúõĽʲôȻԪϵ磬ɶǹ㣬ΪģȴҺãЩûĻ
ԪıæԱȰý㣬ѵԸģί㻹ίأһ˵ţԪգգ۾
Ԫֳ֪û˿ȴܱʲôֻ˳Ļ˵ɲǣղһˣȶˣҡ²ѩҲȥˣ
ԪٺԪˣ̲סЦˡ
һԪʣȥʲôˣʲôӣЩʲôˣԪϱ㽫ϵ˵һ飬Ȼһû˵Ԫ׷ʶԪϱ㽫˵Ķű͡
ԪٺԪˣһԪˡԪϲųһСС֪ͣôʲôҪһЬ
Ԫıζؿ磬Сıô°
ԪϿ˿֪ôشգ׹û˵ȴ˾ĽֳֻݡĽһʱҲţǹæŽյ飬ָˡߵ·Ҫۻȥ¸СͰ׹Ц뻹ˡ
һͲסԪıЦЦ˵ҲСѾΪԼˣԣСӲ񡪡ղٽ㣬֪Щ¶ߵʲôƵģ˵»磿
ԪͻȻ뵽ʲôæ˵ţ֪ˣһġԪıĻĽȥµˣǸѱû뷨ռݣܹһ뵽ԪϲɵýԪı˵ģ쳤վһ£ǶٳϷﶼеĹ¡
ʱޥԪϣ˵˲˽ȥ˵Ԫ˶ʱ˪ӣԪıֻݣ⣬ˮ׳ʿһȥ⣬
ԪϵһۣȻͷָޥˡ
ĸҪ˵ЩʲôԪϴſԲµտʱǧҪ˵ɺߵԼĸסǱߵʲôûһСһмҽ̵С㣬ô㵱ô˵Ļյϣĸѵ
˵ԼҪ˵ĻСҲ֪ҪҲֻܹô͹ֵȥˣ
ĸ̾˿Ҿôһӣصøһͻݵӣܰ㡣ǸӣȻᣬǿӻҪȥչСôĽŮۼҵϱڹټС㸻ǧҲֻһôҲԸѡĽԪϱ
˵ҪǲȢĽҾͷȥΪ仰Ƶĸ״ӦҲô֣˭֪ˣֻ˵һ䣺ˣϢȥɡЩԺ˵ɡĸ׵ĻشʮѹǼгӣʱҵҲûˣСⶮ£ĸģµĵȴ˼ʢʱ򣬳ԶԴ˵ݻɱǣ˵һΣȴû˵¡
ڶ죬۵ظĸףҪȥݷС㡣ĸ׵Ѽ߶߶ҲӦõġǣȥ˵иʧǽҺõļһȥԪ룬ʮϾˣʧ⻰Ӻ˵𣿲Ƕ༸˫۾ˡ
ȻĸûдʲôǸ˵ϲͳȥҸ죬һһҲҪǺϵĻҾȥˣ¡ҲСˣ˵֮ǰ͸Ȣס
ԪϽӹĸ׵ݹҲûϣ˵ҲŲЩʲôˣ㶼ǡ浾ׯ֪ݼ汸ĺŮӡǸĻûõġ
Ԫĸ˶ģʣȥûʲô°ɣ
ԪûôЩȥûһһܳʲô£Ҫ˶ˡ
ԪĸɫúõģôôĻҲûˣΪãһˡ
Ԫ̾һΪյ£˵ٲǣ˵û᣿ҪΪҺãЩ¾ӦԼ⡣
Ԫĸ㶮ʲô֪ʲô㣬ˣǲǣ֪һӹӣصһТСҲҪϺ⣬ûһοܸɵ˴Żôģ
ԪϷʣô֪ҵһТôƾֶ϶һТ
Ԫĸ룬˵ǸĽƢԵã̫ҡˡǸҲҵŮ̫Ҳʲô¡
ԪЦһôҡջƵʲôƷѵﲻ֪һúûԼܶģ˵òĹֱͲܼˡ˶٣ֵǵ￴ҹðɣһټҵģһҩ˼ҵģǸȢϱǸѧ
ԪĸסˣԪϻδ˵϶ô˵ûأ
˵ˣҪǲȢС㣬Բ⻰ˡֻҪԼѣҾͲӦǸҵˡԪ˵ĸһʱ˵ˣһԪ˰ݾԻطȥˡ

1

һ죬ȥӯӯûˣΪֱԭεԺ˯ȥˣҪȥѰȴһֻֽ򵥵дţ񲻴Ƕ֣ĪѰ
ӯӯˡ
ʱúĹǡsӡӯӯµĻ˵ᷳˣ֪𣿡˾ɥѡsӡ˵Ҳһ߰ɣòãҲˡ
ûشתĬĬˡsӡڱ˵ҲûйϵҲ̫ˡ
ӯӯ˵Ҫ߲һˣڴǰҲҪ˵ߣǿ϶Բ뿪ġǿ͸Ҳ˼ˡӯӯ˵ÿ˵ʶ𰨰ʵӯӯ˼ҲǸһΣȴ·˶֪˼һСʱ룬ӯӯͰľֻֻˡľôˣӦǸͬİɣԣĽ˼䣬Ҳƫƫһɣ
˵£ȫΪһֻ˶˷ġӯӯ˵ġǰ˺һۿˣǲɾҩһӣӯӯһ䵽˼㿴ͷߡظ档
ͬһɴãȻŴããһɫˮ죬۾һգգؿعһͷȴճյĿ⡣ˣȴͷŴЦˡɺ˫ա
ˡ̽ڴſɡϰ
λӡæ
عƵЦš
ŶŵʱǴɡɷһ̣ŵ˵
ͷЦ߻ɡڴնϣһֻ
ַֿ΢£ʪе֧ţϰ̤ʯʱͻȻһĻæվȣȻ£Ҿʧʧ񡣡
Ҳȴ̲סЦˡղţٵأˡԭҲĶˡ
ӯӯں棬ЦˣͷһαŮˣôࣿ
µ̺꣬ƺ䵽ϣڿбƯ˵Χֽɡ£˸ýȴ˴˿Сһһ˵ŻϤʱֱļ磬֫壬Ҳôˣֻ໥ЦĪ˴ǰ³̽ΧһСǵģҲ໥̽
һֱ͵⣬꽥ס˵ӣʹɡ
Ҳᣬ۾ס˵ɡţҪ·ꡣ
һƴǾͽˣ˵죬ҶɡͻϡûһǣĶʲô
ǫһ˵ҹȡҲʡù㱼Ҳټ˼㽫ȥԶһլڵλø
ڶ죬ʰͣ³ӯӯţһغ
Լãɡӵһߣ˭ż˵˵̶˵龰ǶЦͣ
ΪʲôһֱҿЦʰ
ڡ￴ĵĵһˣżشǰҾ뿴Ҫʲôɲһ·ûϿˣЦ˵
شôƤȻȫģЦˣŮӼңˣô󵨣
ȴǰ㣬յĶߣСʣʲô
˵㣿úõģôվȣ
ʱ龰ЦǰûЦȴߵߣһѷסļ磬˵Ҳˣһ˫ץҪ顣Ťͷأ֪Ϊʲôе㺦Ҫ
ư۷·һ屻úʹȴô֣ôۡر۾ζ
С꾫ķཱུ˵ɬͳ
ɡ΢΢۾˵㲻𣿡룬֪ʱǲƤˣ˿ջŮ˶ᵽ
£ƽҪշ㣬ͺˡֻܺҡ
Цſ࡭
ʱȴӯӯˡ
޺޵ģȴָ̬ܿȥšǽʱЦվſڣɡ
΢ǡæͣӯӯȴסԼ˳
ӣΪ󺵣ֻʣáȻһԶùú͹ܶʱգ㣬ԲųһԼŮң಻㡣ΪҿЩֻ꣬ϣҵһɿˣһӣЩҲǣΪ֮ƴ㣬ȴϲһߣӯӯһ߶˵˵֣İŮͬһɡվ˼֮ףȴܸԵ
ЩŸղԼʲôʱֻǲ¶ɫص˵ͷ
ЩӦһõ˵ģû˳ٲҲҪڡǿύˣԺɲˣŮвϧԼģĸ֮ãȻҪýȢСӯӯ
ˣ֪λش
˵ӯӯֵǸĸһ᲻óԴΪһǮƣԱʱãίߣǵƶˣ˺ãҲ㡣ң֮ˣҲãҲãܲİģ
ˣһ¡ĸסڽ׹⣬һֱû˵ʲôȴѲͷˣʱ˵Щл
ˣҶС⡣һ£ش
ӯӯЦЦתȥˡ

2

صĨǵظ߽ͽסֻҪǮͽӹͷ˵ףƸ񡢰ϲ²ҪǮԺӲҪǮôЩǮ
һ˵ӲҪƸ񣬻зޡ
Цһôõ£ô䵽ͷϣΰɣٲŮӲãƽ޹ʵأΪʲôˣ
ˣ˵Ҳ˵ϻвô۵ˣ׼Ʒãƶ
æǣͰ£˵á
һԺ󣬰ˡӯӯ˵˰ÿмױһ˼ǸʹûмûвŻûǮһһŮӿϼ޸ź󣬽ַǹȻô˵ȵǵԽԽˣ仰ͱ仯Ϊ˼ҳƽ΢ײƽˡҪƽˣĻôһϱ޸ɼϱҲƽˣһˣȷڡ
ȻӾˣϸҲеʿи˵ȾԼ룬ҲɣʱЩ䰡Ļؼ֪̽ȻǿԺ˵ģΪӯӯҪķȾĺĻʱ
ӵһοӯӯһûģҲĳ顣ǣ᲻ҲֻͣЩèĵʿжˣٴҲֻޣٴΣǶݵƷ˶ֱ֡һΡ
ʱոΪһӣȴץߣһֱ׷ˮԺΧסƺнˡ˭Ǻб޳һ߿סˣʹҹˮһʩеĺӡϷ񣬾͸еһŷסһ¡
ӯӯǱʺ÷ʱҶߡӯӯ˼ģʹڷʱҲѵϱһԴŵʺ÷˻
ڣҪô뷨ȳҪӯӯ˵꺢ӣҲ֪ôˡ˵
˰ѹĵط÷˵ǾȥȰһ˼еķ䣬ܵĬһֿӯӯɻ߶һ䣺ķǼãôӦһأ3
ȥȰҹҹշ·õīɨģԶԶعڿУϴɵıīģԵôԶԶ˼䡣ûз磬ɫﲻʱ˿˿ɫĲ
׷ʹıϡ÷ӯӯվ£֮УȻķſ˫֡һɫķƶһ£æν
Ȫ֮һССķʿ˰Σ÷ΪԼΧҡ
Ȼǰһҵİ£ڵϣҰ׵ãȻۡ˵ӡʣӹһ˿ϲǾϲϵĲ⣬һɲʧˡʸܵķѾ΢ô㲳ӣ˵ҳȥ
̧ӿ˿ʣȻһЦ˵ΪΪһˡҲȥˡʾȵؿ
ǻزȥˡҵͷЦһ˵˼ʱҷԼˡѾЩ߷ˡصȥҵҵĻزȥˡ
Ժ˻ӳȥ˵ɡ䡣
ҡҡͷ˵ʣӽȥﶼһˡ߰ɣӯӯ÷ллˡ
Ϊһֻˣ𣿡̲ס
ʣ˵ȥΪҵزͲ֪ô¡
ʿ˵ðɣʣЩֻ㡭֮׵ģ̇ͷʵر˹ȥ
һƬϵĺˮһήήվһüĺ󡭡źֻ˵ͷվšһ޵Ӥ
๫ݵغš
ҲȥģʦˣǷʦҳ⣬֪Ҫˡ˴Ӻеļ¶˵
ϣָԭΣ治Ϊ˼䣡дȡ
ʻعãȻŵϡֻˣ๫ֻˣǱץȥģԸн˻Ȧץ㣬ĺв㣬
ûлشֻŤͷȥЦǲãЦ˵͵͵Ŀ
˵һֶһΪһУһȴرƭ˺ͳ˭˭ף˭˭ĳУ
ʡ֪̣Ƕ˵ʱ̫Ҳһʹ࣬Էǧ깦ָǰһ˻һľһһ
ˮЦˣѾνˡ
ԻԼķʳŭǧ
ôʱ䣬̫ʹ𣿡
ʣҺӯӯĵúܴǺϻ˲ٹ򡭡ʱ÷ĴҲˣߴٵȥɣ˵õĽ֡Ҿܺã㹻ˡ
𣿡ʡͷЦЦ
ʿŰĿУʿ˰ԝ꣬һǡʷɳ
÷ӯӯʱ£˫֣ס
أֻһˣʡ
˵ܻ
ӯӯˣһҪٳȥ÷סȥɣѾˡ
˼ֽꡣ

1

ӯӯˣsӡƺܸˡ͹°ϲ֣ķۣ⣻ңϣʵ˼ӯӯˣҲ̫á뵽Ҫ˼Լ˼ͲϻȥΪӯӯĹڡ
ʷĴţȻʧƿţߵʱ˵ǵȥתת
ʲӣͻȻ˵ŵöһ£ͷһ߸ؿڣһֵô·ûˣ
sӡЦ˵ŶԽԽô·ûģ·
ʲȥʮաȥɽŶ岻Ŷװʹı顣
ѵʱͻ졣sӡЦŴ
Щ˼ˣ˵ҾǲȥԼȥɡ
sӡǲʲôҪ£
У׵Ҿö
ûеĻȥɡ sӡɷ˵ɷɳӡ
˴ȥɽǲݳݺɵʱڣɽˡѵϪɽ£ʡʵʱһЩ
sӡǻҶϹ͸¶ʮֿɰ㸩ӣһſŵԲһɵһŴһЩģһСߵߡ
ÿôŪģһ㾪ϲѡСĵؽ¶ϣ˿˿̲סӡܵˮգֻ¶ԣתȴ治ƣԼԼĻɢݵ㡣ʻͷŰsӡԺҲѧŴ¶֯ġ
sӡЦ˵ëëŵģ֪вءˣƲƲ죬Ūˮˡ
sӡ˿ܣ̾ɽ
̧ͷ˿Լȥˡ
ǵôʶ𣿡sӡߵߣӿˮ
Ц˵ôǵأһ
sӡЦί״ʲôҲ
̲סҲЦˮһȻӯܿˡsӡһʪ˵ӣһЦȥ׷ȥˡ
ôأ˭Ҳ˰ɣ
ʱлһꡣsӡѾĵˡһ죬sӡɽһӱɹ̫ɹһ˯ˣԱһֻڹӣȻſһʯͷŵ˯ˡɽϰۣиӲſ˯ðЩ
ǣ˯һͻȻЩԣʲôڶԼ塣æ۾Ųӿ˿档һһֻһڴֵſѪڣ׼ӦѾܳʱˣžе󣬴˿ĥ¿ءsӡԼһֻǹ꣬ҪСĻѾ߶ٶһԭһֻġЦ룬СηĵиȥԵ㻨ݲݣȴҪԾôԲţʹ㶺һ£ǾͽӱСһЩ
ʱġͬĺУģ뻹ҪŰܹɣЩɴҪЩǿȡﻪΨһķżȻɽֻ꣬ʱ
sӡձСˣҲ¿ˡŬŴ죬ֻȻؽȥȥһ̣ҲеԾⶫôȥСأȻѾˣҲٶ룬ҡͷβ׼ˡİsӡ˿ȴʼʩˣĶһĶӡ
ʺܿе˲ԣȵؿŹĹĵĶӣͻȻʲôͶ˵Ϲ꣬𣿲ҪٱˣӴˣҴˣó㣬ɡ
sӡˣԲϰݣֱһ硣ʹˮзһɸߵˮҪˣҪˣ˻ߵؽе
sӡ룬Ȼɶ񣬲ﲻ꣬һӱСʱ˳ȥͣ˺ӱߵʯϣָԭ͡ҲָԭͣϢٵſںӱߡ
sӡߵֻСߣҵش۽ǻһˮֺֺЦצžһƴȻʧȥ֪
ҪҵģôҵĴεؿȻصĶ򣬲һᱻһ߳Եġ
֪˶ʱգ˹΢΢۾ΧһƬһʱվֵؿܣ룺ѲѾˣôʯͷ͸ģ
ʱһɫĹƶ̲סءؾȻ겻ıң޿ӣر۾еĹƵԼǰ
ȻҰȹˣͲɱ㣬֪ߵغļһǸžȻ˵ˡ
۾ǹԭһֻɫĺꡣϤıѩ֮һʱסˡsӡӣ̲סҡβͣϰ߱ĺ갮ĽעӡǣôҲûϵһ̣ʾȻᡣ
ѩʼʱ͵õ棬Ҫѷ̥ضϷһˣûǿsӡʱһٴλصԺС
sӡֻΪίҪ޻ҪޣѵֻίҺúõ˯ȴҪңѵҪһԲź⣿
Ǽ£ס涵ʣΪʲôҪң
sӡʱ򣬽б߸̵
صͷ
sӡЦˣ峺ıˮ㻹ǻȥŰɣҪŻȫָ
ҡҡͷ˵ҪȥвУоŰءȻȥ
sӡæָһɽµɽȪû˵ɽʥˮʾȵػͷɽǺʥأ˵ʥˮϴȥСкˣΪʥˮھ
sӡҡҡڰڵɻؿΪʲôҪң
sӡЦûԭ򣬷棬Ҳ㲻ʧֲΪأ

2

ɽסգǰsӡˣܻסøáʻǰsӡ񶼾ǼǼ貵䱦һɽҴܣ̶ۻΪsӡϰ˼ݣһõͬ鷳մҲվȴôȤ˵ǣsӡһóȻ¶¡£ֻɫСҲзӾʱܵġ
һ죬ɽº̶Ҳֲ˼գ˵ͷ죬Űsӡܵ˳ûĵط׽Ūһֻһĩ͵ľƺ«̶ܵߣһƵζ˵úȣʱ㽫Ǿƹ˹ȫ̶˭̶֪ﾹ˺ö׻һƬʸ˵ϱһһ޷ɫһ˹ȥҪsӡױϵ룬֣ضȥȰֹ
治Ǻ̶һ檱ģҲΪ̰ܵǳˮû뵽ʵľ˹ȥʱѣ߷ѵ㶺һ·׷̶sӡҪȰȴ
ԻãչֻʯˮתϺԼţԽսԽ£򹬺ʯȥæ֪Լ·磬ƢȴҲϷ䣬ͷҿԻرļһ⿴վԱߣװСĵϣһѳ룬ȥͷƬۣ֣ͣæơ
Ű檱۸ʵҲ۸ˣԼҲ˷sӡƲæǰǾ֪Ҳʡ͵ĵƣԼϽǵľףʧͳǿŭû׷
sӡź֪˴£ȥл
һΣһɽܣţֽµرĺʸ˵sӡǰǰɫģǺɫģӦþҵˡҾĴˣsӡεؿҡҡͷǻǿȥɣҪΪ֪޹ˡ
ʵôˣѵҲɽһͱռˣɣˣҪǲĻҲǲ
sӡͬؿҵķȣô
ʵԡһɡ
sӡǾˣҶ˵Ҫˣ㻹Ҫ𣿡˵꣬תɽȥ
ʲϷ׷ʣ˭أҰ
sӡɽ
ʲ˸սǸѪΪʳʬ
sӡ˵ͷ
ʵءѪȾģ
sӡЦЦǰ
ͣסŲë
Ѿɽؽ磬sӡҲͣ£ɽġɽɽ಻ԶҲţɽɽʳǵڣԹҲɽҡ游Լ˵ؽ磬ű˴ల¡ʬϾаӲ游ȥ꣬ԵɽѰƣʱͻСֻһ˸ҹŴ
ʵ㿴ʲô𣿡
sӡûУ˵úܰҲաǴθ֮ͺܾòʳʲôöء
ЦţҲòȥ仯һ¡Ӧùߡͷбۡˮεδġ
̸䣬չ⽥쬣´һҪ
sӡŵڿĹȴӰֻԶһڲƮɫ
Ҳ˵ңҺܲˡ
ʲ׳ӰаԼΪˣҪ˼ô˵㣿
Сô˵
һʱðɣsӡæסǽðҪϣ½⡣Ǿʹ˸𡣡˵űʻߡ
ºҲ֪Ϊĺɽ˼ڣԵɽȥһˡ֮ʮ޷ʳ
һ죬֧߰sӡ˵˺þõĻʱsӡ˵ˡsӡԸߣҲȥţҲ׼
ɽʱ򣬰sӡŶ˵ʲôȴֻǳĬ
ΪΪ㲻𣿻ΪԼܹ뵽ɶ˵һش
ˣЦ˵ûʲôֻǾԼ̫ˣҪȥǣsӡʱʼÿһʱʵ۾һһǳأȴҲӲȥ

Ļᣨ1

ҲһգԪڴźĸɽɽϳճյ˴գȴʼղĽĸϣֻøسǡ
ԴˡáͷԲΪֵüɹ˶ʮļҼֱûа취ȥˣ絽徲Щǣ˼Уһ˴Ӻ͵͵Է
ǣȵԪԥˡûĽ᲻ԼʹܽҲԵ˵ǣɽȺȲѻҲɣһֱԼڵ˼ˡ˵ڶһ׹ӣҪȷ㡣ңˣҪ˵Щʲôأԡһ飬ԪϾøӷƣ̾˿ֻõתͷ뿪
ȥһǰΪߣǵѾ˸ߵҰݷסżȻҲ˾ҰݴЩطϡЩ̨ѾбֻӲݴʯţʯȥԶһƾɵĹͤǰԶǵɽȪģʱǷˮڣʯСʱ棬仯࣬ȥһжϤ
Ԫ룬ؼһҪһ룬͵ɽйһǣʰ¡
˲ԶɽУsӡʱˣۼս磬㶯Է쵽ʱʲһѻsӡȴҪģЦ׷ϣԺܣȴؿֻǣվڼſڣæͣסŲİsӡһѶǻ˵Ǹˣ
ǵ˻عͷȵشǣƺȷʲôԶԶһС㡪ϸһȴһװ
ߵǰ˵С㣬ô㡭
ҲɵؿʺͰsӡʣλǡǱ߻˵С㣬ϲŭִ׵дϣԱߵҲСĵؿɫ¡˿̣ʵͶǵĲȫ̬С
ʲüͷsӡͷһμҲʮֲ죬ǸݵĽıͥһһᡣĲɵػ۾ȻѲ
ȻˣɡʱҲǡˣûʲôɿģС㲻Ҫֲ赭ͺásӡ˵
ϴˡΪ˵Сסո·ݷһ¡
ŶˣҪ˵ͱĻ˿sӡС㣬оҪҪ˵ԥһ£ֻøsӡ˵ȽȥɣС㣬һͻ sӡ˿ǣȻԷ
ǣȥʱĬĬǰߣ쵽ıϣǲͣסŲͻȻʣôûһ𣿡
ЦЦŶ˽ȥˡ
˵ͷֵô˵Ժֻǰ׹ӡ磬ȥܺá
˼ᣬ·һ˶ӦϢ˼ҵʲô¶ӦƵġҺƱ̽ͺáػش
ζЦ˵ҲǰԱûЩûҪЩ
룬֣Щ˿ͺϲС㣬˵ҪǸղ˵Щɣ
·˵ʱ£ͤԵһʯϷԪϣԼģ́ͷϿ˿ֻԼûڲݴԺһ·Ӱӣ⸽˼Һ٣ĪĽ¾ϲǵĻһ˵żȻ·ģҲΪ顣
ǣæʯ·ȥ߽ˣȴһǸˣضҸԪӵŰɣһ㶣ôأôˣǣǻϲ˵
˿̣ѲԸٸ˵ٹ˼ҵ£˵ţû˸˵ҲûȤȥ
룬Цһ£˵֪һŮӣ˵ȷغżҪѩҸԪӸǴСһ𳤴ģʲôġ¿·иҪġ޼ҿɹҰᶯ֮ģ߸Եģؼҡ
Ԫ˲ɵôĿ˵ͺжôƵġ
شʲôֱ˵ǣô໰ԪҲżȻΣôˣҲ֪ģ˵
ʵĻܴĴʹеѵףҵ˼ǧԪӵĻ档ʲô㡢ҪȢ㣬ˣúܿЦյҲˣ˭˲ÿЦأСҲ˴ҵЦ㻹֪ɣ
С˵죬ζҪûб£Ҫȼȥˣ յ飬ǻ֮ΨֲȥĶΣáЦ֡תҪߣŤͷһ˵С㣬Ҫ˵˵ЦĻҸЦҲ֪ɣ˵գһƵ߿
㲻ҪȥԪˣ
ʼ·˭˭ѵ
꾫˻ߵؽʵĳĬһֳŪơ
ԶԶˣ̲סЦЦһ㼵ʣΪ꾫ȴɡ

Ļᣨ2

ֱƵʲͣסŲмԶǼˣȴȥˡſվһ߻ȥˡ
˾ǶţൽôҲ벻
sӡ֪עԸһģ˺ԸԪҪӺˡǣƺʲôȷڱ仯ʲôأ˵Ҳ벻ףҵͬһ顣
лУߵ˾ڡӲݣһȹ̽Ų̨ߡһ̤һѵʯףȻعѶȥǼصķͷعͤߡ
һһڵؽӴӵϳͷõʯף˳֮ʱǴ˳
졪С㡪һԳѭһԪϡһ
ԪϽܼæϥǺ⴦·ˣϻ˼ӣѪǵ쵽ȹϡһһʹؿôСģ
ίѣһʹһ룺ôÿζǱʱײţ˦һȳߵһɽʯ¡
Ԫϴһ׵Ȫˮϴϴߵߣ⴦˿ڲȥ೾ִͳһСƿҩۣÿ˿ڶɢһ㡣
֪ʲôҩۣһ䵽˿ϣʱ۵÷һսĸ첲˵ҪȻȥϪˮｫϴɾ˵ֲܶҰġ
û˵ԪϱӲһ£ԼȺ̲סһΪʹһΪ¾̫ԪĶԻΪܲίǸεؿ˵ҪˣĻȥֻԼˡ
⻰æֹסʵվҪߡ
ԪϸΪҵĳҭӶͣԼҲʹͻȻһѰ˵ҪޣҪޡʻ̿ҪĻ˵ֱ۲СϣʹôԪŷſ֣޴ؿ
ʲɷ˵ҪߡԪæ׷֧Ҹղš㲻Ҫ
Ӳ˲̾˿ҿ޲Ϊ㣬ˤ̫ʹˡͻؼȥˣҲЩȥɡ
ԪˣҲ̾һ˵ã߰ɣһͻȥǸңҲôȥ
ʿ˿ʣ﷢ʲô𣿡
ԪϿЦһ£˵Щ˵£˵Ҳա
ʲµЩ¿ܸԼйأӦðο䣬ȴ֪Ӻ˵𣬱㡰Ŷһ
һʱ˶ûл˵εվһתҪߡԪæʿ˶٣ڹ˵ܲ˵֪ǰдɽȪɫҲá
룬Ҫȥ԰sӡҲһĥ˵áԪӦϲ⣬æȥͤǣͬС
СʱүүڵʱҺԪıɽͨҽϲɲҩϵͷӶˣҪԼ塢Ӷɽ˭ֲҺԪıʱ£ֻ֪Ϳ棬Զүү˵
ôʯһ꣬ôϲռЩʯͷһһʮ飬ļ˱Ҳ֪Һ֣ϱͺȱСĻؼң˵ʣµĵڶáڶٸ˵˭ңҿ˵СС;ȾϸӵܵĶϰʹãͰ˴򡭡
ˮԭҪһЩʱҺԪıˮôĶ¨ӣװ׷ˮ׽㡣ɽĺҲ棬ʱȺӳô˴ʱܣεĺӰ㶼סˡ
˵ɽˮ飬ġΧɽˮľƺ˸ղŵĲ졣Ԫһ·һ·˵µĻ䣬ЦסԪ˵ǵɽȪԣͣԪһ˩վˮ˵
Сʱãֻ֪棬˾Ц˾ʹޣһҲûСԪϸ̾
ʵһЦû˵ָпģΪʼ˱Ǵˣ¶
ԪͻȻ뵽ʲôѹصʵ֪ɽйġ
̲סЦ÷Ѿͷ£
ҪЦģԪϱܶ˵ɽиŮÿй·˵ޣͻԻǣȻǳԵֻʣ¹ͷ
ˣЦš£Щʧ
ôЩ̰ͼɫҲԹǸЩ˾ӣܲŮɫȻûˡԣЩˣϸҲöʲΪȻ˵
ԪˣЦ˵ҲЩҴû˵
ЦЦ˵˵ȻΪֻ֪˿֪ҲпģƩΪ̰ԾȥɱޣǵƤë·Ϊ˵ʲôǷöңָֻ÷ɹС񣬽˵ϧĻǿǣ˵ˣˣ
ԪˣЦ˵أôûô˵ҲеġˡŶ㲻֪ԵġʵɫЩˣԼĿɳܣæ˵պһ
ʵЦЦ
Ԫ͵͵עʣԥһڹұúܿЦʱҹ뵽ЦŵӣԼҲЦѡʱʲô˵ʲôǲִˣְԼŪˡҪÿÿ춼һҾͲôˡ
һ˿ůʵӿֻˣβҪȻʶˣȴ˺޲
ǣȵȡԼsӡĻе顪sӡסΪģɵԼ·Ҳ˵ǸsӡġȻԼҲȵأԪĵһЦ
ԪϹȻ˷硣Ľҵ𣿡Сĵʣ¸ղԼĻþ
ŤͷҪ˵ЩˡԼҲ֪ģô˵
Ԫʧáһ·ɽоɫ֮̾ⲻԡ

1

ѽղŻǴģһʱȴܲæعͷ׼ؼҡȻܿȻ󣬵ǻŶӲ䣬䵽ϲҪһսģµϸܡ
Ԫæ⿪ʷȻԼ󣬽ϵһ£ֳ˶סԭ·ء
һʪ͸ˣԪҲʪ͸ˣʸеɪɪⲻȥʣ𣿡Ԫ촽÷ˣĵĳ֣Ц˵䡣ʵһȥͣ߰ɡ
˾߹Ƕʯ·Ϊ֦ҶԵСһЩ˱ûһǼʪ͸˵·ܵԷ
˵˶᷿sӡȴڣʵһñһ·ȻϰɡȥѰˣһ˻࿴ŶʱЦͷϲʱˮϵ·մˮϣΪšԪϵǼճҶڨЦתȥժǼƬҶӡ
ԪЦ˵ͷҲУ
æͷ˼£ȻժһƬҶ
ԪϵСһ̲סִͷժһƬҶӡ
ЦŴùƬҶӣͷŪšͷϵˮʱѾ۳СϪסشʣεϡ
ԪϿ̲סЦˣͳӵݸ˵
ʽӹ˲㽫ȴ˳ֽķšһСɣˮ㲻סš˳šһߣͻȻԼ沦ŪԼͷƺɦŪˣ㲻šһߵģš˻
ԪϹȻó񣬰sӡˣŴӦ˵sӡ±в֡ԪӣѵһΣܳsӡ
ԪϻعݵðȻŸϣĪ֡
sӡʣЦ˵ԪӸ죬ȻҲҵѣҺûôЩأԪӲҪ˵գԸΰϯ˵꿴ҲһʱͣںСһһʶ޾ƣҲΪԪԪƴǣsӡ
sӡȴԪȥﻻ·
ҲԼӻ·⻻һɾ·ʪ·չϡԪϵǼ۸ղǸһʱˬϵֻСϻӡ룬۽ϻӰһֱţһֳӣɡص
sӡԪڶ᷿ĿãæŶ˲ϾƣͲһ𣬸оů˺ܶࡣǷͼһӪ˶˼ңʼҪ
sӡЦŶԪ˵ŮǲǶ·Ĺ򣬶·ˡ
ʿԪѾ˰sӡһ·ľԼģЦ˵ôţЩ񡣡
sӡԪˣ˴˿˿Цˡ
˵Ž·Ԫϣղ˸㣬û𿾸ˣߵʱǵôšԪæֹ̧ӣ·һֱɻ̧ͷʣȴѾתsӡȥˡ
һʱｻԻʴϴδ֮˺ܶ࣬˵ƣÿֻһ㡣sӡȴԪƣ˵ǶҪһݣɣ
ʿɼְsӡƺʧ̬æס˵磬Ԫһûȥȶ˶в㡣
sӡ֣˵˾ѵҪðȥɣߣԪӲںסһϣкη
˵䣬ֻ۹䣬֪ϲԪ֪ģӼȰҲǻȾƵġȥǾƱ
sӡƿƱһƱƵϣԪϵһ
ԪϿвȰ֣Ѳʤ
sӡЦһˣ˵˵ˡɨˣǺǵģȥ
Ԫʵ˵üǣȾƲ̰ղִٶʱ磬ֻͼСþˣɺã˵ţsӡľƱƣָԼҲϣٱɫָҸ˱ҲøǼȥˡר̻֣ʱһݣ񲻸ã
æӦУã磬ԪӼضȻȥɡ
sӡЦʲôʱûˣ⻰ʱԪҲеЩæǱƣ
sӡʷԸ˱óɡԪϳš
Ԫϱ·壬㻹ǲҪô
ʵúõģʲôģˣ
Ԫϼǡˡ㻹ǲ֪ҵġ
ʼ˼־⣬ǵٶ˵ˣͲϲ壬»ͱģҪϲ˾¡ÿ
Ԫ⻰¶ϲɫ˵ģ
Цŵ˵ͷ
˽ϵǰԪ˳˼䣬ˣתȥ

2

sӡѾ˯ȷݣԼȥΪݽƲ衣
һʱãʶsӡߣsӡϢȣƺѾ˯ˣٽ²裬ΪҴҴǣ׼뿪߳һȴ˴Ӻץס½ͷһsӡѾӴ۾
sӡæ豭˵Ⱥ衣
sӡû˵Ҫߣʣ
ߣЦ˵ôˣһȥﰡ
sӡԪ
ʺǺЦ˵ѽ˵ʲôأҹأҪԼ裬˯˰ա
˭֪ǰsӡһ̧־豭ȥžһأȹˮ˿˿ˮ
ŵ˳һʱǸʲôĺź㣬㲻ˣ
sӡͷûлشϵǲԪϻ˵˯ɣˡ˵꣬׼뿪
sӡӴϷԾ𣬸ߵſڣæŹϣһַסſһֳǽϣȦм䡣Ҳߣ
̫ɫǿؽͷƫһ࣬˵һ죬˯ˡ㲻˯Ҳñ˯
sӡҪȥ˯ɡ
ˣʱһŤͷȴϣһͷĸ첲ȥ
ȻִӺһѱס
sӡҪʲôˣ˵ţҪ֡sӡظıϣԽԽµ˿ֻһʹֻҧ촽šҪԣԼ
ȻưõţŴ˿˿Ϯϣʲ˸սsӡתǰӵ뻳У˵Ҳö㷢ԭҡǣҪˣҸоõ
ˣԶԡ
sӡ˵ʣ֪ҶôΪҵʱ룬ǲӦöЩҲӲˣ᲻áһֱڵԸһɽϧ֪ҵģѵʯͷ𣿡
ʵͷsӡԼǰᵽĵζһֱһ̻֮кԼʣһ°ɣΣոճ֮УԼѰ
̧ͷҸ˵ģǲһġαأ׷ɽҰǡ
sӡѵ֪㵲סҵۣ׷ߡһҲһֻոʶôģΪʲô飿
ʳĬˡ
ǡŸ˵ʲôsӡԥһ£ʵ
æ˵ûУһżذ
sӡĬһµʹ˵ʲôҲҪ棬ֻ֪Ϊ˾롣ǣȴںЩ֪𣿡
ֻõ˵ͷԲںܲںأԲں壬ȴ޷ںҲΪҲӦøԪһ
sӡ֪ҵģԼԸ⣬ǲᱻѱġҲǲŻôã𣿡˵
sӡ˵ͷ
ȻͲҪҸһΪҲ֣Ҳһʼ˵
sӡţĻһıôҸ㣬Ҷѡ֪ܹ𣿻Уҿϲֻˡ
Ĭ˰ΣһƵģ
˵ͷĿסеˮͷҲصųȥˡ

ʧ䣨1

ҹ֮ʺͰsӡ粡ԶԼ
סôȴ
ȻǾsӡͻȻˡ
Ϊס˾ҲٲҪһ̫ѩɫȹһɫĳ䣬üĿէһһλͰ׵ˡֻʿԴпѩĺۼ
ŵ棬ʺͰsӡ˭Ҳ¶˵ӣÿ˶˵˺ܶ໰˴ȴûн̸
ŴĿһ裬԰sӡ˵ʱղ˰ɣ̫ˣߵʱһȥɡ
sӡͷȻȥҲҲͻȥˡ
ŷ²豭һۣѽ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
sӡ˿ɫƺµʲôǿشһ䣺Ŷ
ŵôôأʱôģ
sӡʵķһֳۣż˼۾ţһ˵˵ƺֱԣ֪Ȥ
ʳȥˣɫӡǾ䡮ħʧ䡯ҶõֻжĳԹҪ
sӡĬ
ֵֻǶϲģҪԼĹбġ
sӡϾϣҲں
˵㲻ںںƽ޹ʵأѵҪǼĨҲŸˣ
sӡţ㲻֪
ŵʲô֪ģ֪˼ǸͷûҲ
sӡ⻰лʵʲôû
̾㲻ҪˣʱȻ㡣
sӡ磬δڱ㱻Ŀ⵲˻ȥ˵֪㲻ԸѾˣʹסЩӣһȥ
sӡǲֻ˵ģ
ŻͷӡʲôʱܹǾһల£ɽԲڵ˶Ϊ񣬽ǹڼΪҪģôӼУΪһʱ֮£ѵ᲻֪һ֪嶼Ҫ֪֪
sӡƲƲ˵µһͿľۣʲôƽʲôȱʩй
һæֹס̧ͷ˿죬ûѩ׹ŷͷݺݿ˵ٸſ˵ԣ
sӡεЦˣţ㿴ղžû˵Ҫæ㿪
֪ж˵⻰ģҪеһȥһۣ»ʮһŵҪˡλļж֡塢ɣļ׮ģħ˽ţ£ɽֵСǲǵĵؾȴܵ˾۵УܵǵĵؾУҲĵڣ޹˼亦ˣ޷𣿡
sӡôǡ޹ʡֻҪɱʡҲǺ壿ҲŰġ
ſ޵Լ֪˵⻰ǲġsӡ˵ˡ
˵䣬˵ԺУԶԶأǿڻ£ųˮŵҾͺסһˡҲܾûһ˵˵ˡ
sӡɵüͷ
ϣ˯ţԺšԺеһжȾ¹Уǹѩҹһս
ʡĽȻͷ
šǿЦ
߹¡֪㲻ҡ˵
ʵͷҶûôĳɼ
ҡҡͷЦ˵֪˾ӡġǸúӡΪôһֱûΥ˵Ļúܺá
ˣǵһЦʱҲȣҿôáöãҸsӡҲˣҲͿԲʱԼҪضŵˡ
ųĬһ̾˿˵֪ҪΪ˰sӡǲһġһֻѣ֪ܲܣҾΪġ
ʲؿҸµﲻԪˡķңԣֻӦް
ǸԪϣ̾˿˵ġɢ䡯ӡҲٲȣǻˡ
ʳԾsӡˣ
ӡʧ䡯ǿϣմģЧԽˡ
ʲsӡΪʲô
΢΢һЦζֻ˵Ҫ㱨𡣡
ʳĬ
㣬ֻǾȻˣʵ
ȻһЦţǸˣҪЩʲôأ
סˡû뵽ʻ˵Ԥµ˵ҲԵöˡ
ʿһʱʧֻ޴ӣ죬Цˡ
ʡɤӡ
Լӡ˺ҰɣǣҲֻˡ
̧ͷԶССӡӣеů˿˿ƴɢȥıˮзӿҲ˭ҲֲãsӡͲӦ

ʧ䣨2

ԪϲúءȻǲģΪΪߣӿأմϡʵҪ²ܼЧsӡȴֻձ㽫ĥнľ
Ԫһţҽҩתһɮ̳֡Ȼܹʶħ߱Ͼٶ٣æµԪϵ֢ȴһ˿תĩˣһηҡͷѾˣ׼¹׹ɡȳһҲáһԪһƬ
ԪĸΪУǰƻ鵽ʲôȤζĸദʮ꣬˵˵ЦЦȥ񲻺ãαƽ޹ʵΪһһдԪϴޣȥ˿ˣ׷᲻ֹԪҵסбݣ˸Իݣһ˵Ѱҽ
һʱֻʣԪĸԪˡԪĸסˣϸΪԪϲɶͷϲס̳ĺˮԪޥһ￴ŻˮʱԪϲһĺ
Ԫֻǻ˯һʱѩһʱ̿żѹ۾Χһֻ̾˯ȥԪĸ֣߬ס૽е϶϶֪ǽУͲᡰ˯ȥɣ뵽ֹס
ͻȻشˣæȥߡĽĽԼϳ̧ӣʹ䣺ɵӣô룬ߵӣޥȥ˰һ
ҪȥĽʹġˣټһҲԸˡ£˭˵׼뼸ǰмһᣬȴҪüȥ˼ңԪͻȻ޳ĸ̾
û뵽ôס
ȥԷ·ϣѾˣĽԥ͹ǣȵ֪ԼǡС֮ĶȾ֮Ľûзԣĸ̫Ҫһȥ
˼̫Ԫ˵˵ҲҽģԼҲͨӡ֮Ҵ˼ҴҩȥһһⶾҲ˵
νͶҽʱ̣Ԫ˵ᵽͨҽƫģһŶΪˡû̫˵㸩°ݣύϷܾСΪţҲʹá
æ˷sӡԿҲѹʿһ۰sӡsӡͷȥ⡣
Ԫ˲ˣ˭ûŮأΪ˸ĸһƬģֻŮһְ֣Ҳˣ
ѱϣ˷ֳϸѩǣʰһСҩϻţԪͬһʺͰsӡںһϡ
ǲǺsӡʣƺ顣
ʲôʱµ䣿
sӡ㲻Ҫܡ
ʿһ۵ҪķҲ࣬ʲôƫƫ︽ϣ㲻øɾҲմȥ
Ҫɱǹʲôֱ˼䲻Ҫ𣿡sӡ
ʵҪɱҪҲҪԼְο
sӡЦҲԼԼҪʲôʱ򣿣ǴӴ˾˼סǲǣ
ˣ̾һҪҲ߲ˡ
sӡԵʣʲô˼
ЦŰңͲûôҰ첻µز£ܱȵģ
sӡǲŸ˵ģ㲻ҪĻˣ£ҲзԸ
ʳĬã·˵ϸƺֻ鷳
sӡ˵ǰɱǣÿΰʰ̯ӣȴϲ˼
ǿЦһ£ԺҲˡ
sӡüͷֻˣ
ЦЦתȥÿ˳Ĳ̽ͷų⡣
sӡһʱҲ޻˵

ʼ1

Ԫ˴ȥԪʱҲڣ۾ģƺոտ޹ԪˡһˣֻؿһۣԪˡԪ˶æýͷöͷȥˡ
ԪšʺͰsӡѾΣһת
˵ʧ䡱һۿԪʱԾޱȡǾָԪϵģ侹ס
ԪޥǽһԪԪϣЦָվһԵİsӡı磬㻹ϵãԪϴؿǣһ
ԪһܣŤͷϷĪ֣һʱһʱͿϲˡ
ŵͷĻֿĺӡ
ԪԪϵܸüǵðɣ˭֪ԪϾûзӦ
Ԫ˲ˮǿסͷʵ
ߵԪߡ
ԪסԪϵ϶˭㻹ǵã
Ԫ˫ۿնؿʣ΢ЦĽ
̲סۡؿԪޥԱվţæȥ
棬ǿޣԪ㣬ޣҸ֪Լˣѹ̽ȿģ
ޥˣæԪ飬С㣬С˵ġȥ
˭֪ˣ޵Խ˵ҪͲˡ֮ĻɤȴֻԪޥһʱҲˣæȰοһִĴصءһƽֽݡ
棬ԪվڴߣԪڴϣƺֻ˯ȥˡ
ڴߣΪԪϺѽĲ鿴˸ȻԪϵؿڣȵô񣿡
Ԫ˵ĶһֱǴŵġ
ҡͷ֪Ķǽ۽֮ʹżлѣҲ׻ҪвҲۼǲ֮ҪָҲӸʱգժɢɢҪȥһҲá
ԪһæǾͿЩժȥɡ
ɡȻ㲻ϸ֮ˣ׻ͣŻס˵ţὫԪϾժ£ִԼͳһɫĲŽȥͷsӡԪ˵л
ͳһֻСƿȡһҩˮԪϷ£ȻԪ˵ⲡżз纮¡
ԪԵԣҸΪȥġԪ˺ݺݿһۣű졣
ԼǳҩԲˣٻڷȥԻһһֻҪǺҲͺˡ
Ԫ˶ʱϷ˵üǣ϶Ĳ
Цİɣ㲻ʲôصĲҴǻرһҸһ롣ֵӡҡsӡ䲻ԸҲֻЦŴӦ
ɢϣŷԸsӡԪȥѣȻҩϻһʯҩ룬԰sӡӡôģĿš
sӡʢҩ̧̣ͷ˿ҿءţôˣ
ЦûʲôԺҪڸʩ䣬ҲԼΡ
sӡʩ䣬ΪʲôҪ
룬̾˿㻹֪ΣҲһôײкԺ򲻵һҪסˣ
sӡ࣬²ֻ̣õͷӦ
ӡ㻹ǵôǰ𣿡Ŵȡһֵ룬е˵
sӡˡСʱԼ飬ֻ֪ӳûмǡǣ˵㳤Щٸ㡱Ȼȳˣȴûʹ⣬Ҳ֪ˡ
Ŷsӡ֪ôش
һ룬ĨĨͷϵĺˮűӴsӡæԱߵϡ
㳤øһһƢҲһԣҿ㣬һ˵һ꣬ôʱ򣬲֪ôʶ˻ŮҪãǻǲͨġԣҺүүĸĸǣһβҵĻܵ˱ߵѩɽϡҺүүҵǵʱѾҪҺүүˣҲ޿κΣֻһչԺ顣˭֪ʱѲһ۾͡
sӡеʣô˵Һˣ
ų̾һҲֲ㣬Ϊǵ֮ǰҲֽ棬ΪѩԱȣǽϺ󲻵Լ޷µĺز棬ʹڿԳôڣ
Ҳǻúúõģsӡʡ
Ųɤš
sӡĬˡ˵Ļɣ˶Զ
ӡ֪ǰĻʲô𣿡ſŰsӡ
sӡҡҡͷ
㣬ЦŶ˵ǰɫģҷˡ
sӡʲôŵȵһ£ʱˡ㻺ߵԪϴǰҩһȡ¡
sӡжٻȵš
ŵӡʧ䡯Ǻ˺ԺĪáҩĥʮŵģΪľһʱáϧĶѣȴֻһΡ̧ͷŰsӡֵҺķ˰С
ţsӡΪʲôһҪ۵ĳͷжأ
վӡҾΪʡsӡؿҡҡͷպٸ˵ɣҲûоˡȥԪ˹ɡ

ʼ2

Ԫ˽ʡԪ˰ԪȺԼޥȥԪҡһԪı˵ĽˣҲˡԪˡԪϵĸײҪŮҲԪ
ԪϻѹЩ˶ΧԼߣе֣һۿվߣЦҪȻһ£ȴֻеֻʵţ˵ҶˡԪ⻰·޲Ԫæȥࡣ
ֵ鷿дһҩԪˣ˵㰴⸱Ӹ԰£һ徲ĵطϢһ£Ҳûˡ
Ԫ˽ˣֵлǣԪ˸Ԫһ£Ԫԥһ£ϷˣŻһ󡪡
֪ʲô£
Ԫ͵СȮհĽƷɰǰЩʱҲº˵֮£ᣬδȮϷΣüȬðϷˣӦСȮŮ£СȮ顣
ü⡭
ԪǰϷʲôĵģ뾡˵һ
룺ͻȻҼԭڱǣΪ̽ŮżȻʶϣһʱҲ
ԪҷԣԪ˵Ϸˣʵҷ򸾺ڼסЩߣֻ϶ǲϸղҲˣﶼǵˣﵹЩԣֻõÿЩ£Ϸ˾ϸپҼҲϲίġֻϷҷϥֻһӷϡ˵
æرУȥһܴӦ㡣
⻰˵ˣԥһ£á
ˣҲǿһ㲻ҪһʱͿ
ЦţҵĵǺˡ
̾һ߳ȥԪ˵ˣֵֻһ£ҪŮճСһ´ԪӲ֮顣Ԫ޲ӦС
գͰsӡҪ뿪
಻룺Ӵ˺ȻҶţȴټǻŵġ𡱡
Űsӡ뿪ԪҡsӡµźԪҵԼԹޣҲеΡֻҪԸһںԼǷԳϣҲԷǣ˶ܳǵػšһֱܾӦҲΪԭɣֱԼ壬ǻģûһе÷֮ǻм֮𣿰sӡʹ಻ѣֻܸߡһͷأ뿪Ԫ
ʿǱֹԪ˵ȿˣֻ뿪ˣⶼԪ˱úӣˣԺ͵Լңұף

1

ԪҽԪƵͥȥϢԪˡʺͼѾͷȥϡ
ûԪһÿն˵ˣҲǳġԪ˿濵ôȻҲǸˡżʶ˲ˮʱëëŵӣ̲סü̾Ϣ
һգԪȥɽȥˡԪϿµ߶ˣʱһȥԺɢԪϿԺеĻݣ̾ǹÿ찡Ҳһ֮˰ɣ
ʵǰҲˡ
Ԫϵ˵ͷʵܸԼⳡ
Щį˵˵ʲô軰֪ΪĲж˲ðԼҲҪܺܶʲôֵø˵ģ
Ԫֻ֣ڼˡҲˣǾ͡
æĻȺúҪԺ˵
ԪϿĽ㡭ѵԸ⣿
ʳĬ
ԪϵĲԸ𣿡
ЦҲҪӦܴ㰡
ԪĬĬһ˵һ仰˲Ҫ
Ц֪ĻʲôҪ˵أҪ˵ˣҲ
ԪżǱһܡѾ˺ܶˡ
ߣúÿ⻨ݲݣõÿЩ
Ԫվߣק˻ʵ׹ӣı磬ܺðɣ
ʳһ£ǰ
Ԫϼ׷ʣôã
вЩ˸УʶˣһβҡÿҴʱʰо֡
Ԫ͵͵һɫ㡭
ǿЦЦ˲ĸ磬¾á
ԪϻҪ˵ʲôʷߣǻȥɣĽǲ˵Ҫ𣿡
Ȼ˸ջصвãԪıԪĽñ㵽ˡ
ԪıԪϺʣЦҾ磬ɩӣСˡ
ԪҽǶЦԪϺһ£ʼӣ˵ʲôأ
ԪٵĽãһƶࡣ
˵ЦŶ
ԪԪϵߣĵʣ磬˵Ҫﲻãֵ㲻Ϣ
Ԫͷ˵ٹȫˡԼƲŲġȲüн棬Ҫżˡ
ԪƲģһչ㡣
ĻʱЦԪԪС־ߣ˵Сˣ
Ԫ鲻չʲôѵģǶ˲ˮι𣬸ʱҾͰչšʱţԲ֪
ԪıͻȻ뵽ʲôæ磬㲡Ǽ鵱һ㶼ǵˣ
ԪЦҡҡͷ˵һЩԼ治ǵˡ
ԪıƴЦ֪㲡˭ʶʱ򣬾ͼǵһأ
ԪϿһʣô淢
ԪıͼһֱŶسǡԪһҪԪֲֻôӦԪҪ͸˯һ䣬Ԫ˵ã㡣Ҫչ˺磬ֻԼ˯
ԪڴӦ
ҹԼڰȵ˯ˡΪҪԪչԪϣӦԪµӣѾƣ
ϷţشᡣȻڵϣΪԭΡ
չʱͻȻһЦøصС㰡
ʼæͷӯӯڴߡ
ʾϲޱȣôˣ
ӯӯεΪ㣿
ʲʲôΪң
ӯӯɫsӡġ㣬Լˣôˡ
̾˿Ѿˡ
ӯӯҲ̾˿˵æŰݷĸأҪsӡҺʵİ¡հ̾ġ
ˣʧͷҰɡ˴˰˾ͺˡ
ӯӯأô죿ҪԪҵϱ
ʵ֪ʲôҲ룬һһɡ
ӯӯݺݴһ£ѰɣͿҾ֪ġ
ʱˣӴһΡ
ӯӯ˿͸߰ɡ֪sӡô¡Ƕ֪ӣҲ⣬ΪʲôǱŤأǸŶôϲɣֻҪǲ֣Ҳ˲ɣ
ʵ˵棬˵Ҳաͱˡ֮ûиһ𡣡
ӯӯǲһҲһȥ㲻ǡ˼ܴˡ
ʵ㲻֪ڵĴȰˣӦߵʱͻˡȻ仰ڣȴڻ֮˰Σƣ񡭡

2

ϣԪڸĴϣ˵ŻԪԪıĻ֪ԼǼշ¡ĸǲ˵Ľǲ˵Ԫ飺Ǽ㶼ڰɣʲôһ°ɣһҲ֪
ԪˣЩ⣬ðȻһһʮǼյ鶼
Ԫˣʣıô
Ԫ׸糤ã㡢㶼ô˵ԭһֱøͶÿģ˰׸֪бǸÿġ
ԪˣеᣬãôÿҲӦþûԼҸÿŶ԰Һ㰡
ԪЦˣ֪ˣÿ˵һǸ磬ڶǶ磬˶ġ
ԪεЦˡ
Ԫ룬ֵǣ磬Ҿð׸ϲ㡣
Ԫˣһ㶣Ϊʲô
Ԫ㿴㲡ؿˣ׸ЩˡУҪʱģǸߵġ
ŶԪ㵱ʱô
Ԫ룬˵ҾҲ᲻ߡ
Ԫһ˵СӼ֪ʲôҪ˵ҼɡҲ᲻õģէҪ뿪ʹ磬ǲҲòԸ⣿
Ԫˣǰԭ
һ¸ʣԪƿŲãҹɫЩġĽСһ𳤴İɣȻ˵ǰ˵ʱ龰΢ģĿ񱻱һۣĿڡһѪʱڵϡ
Ԫ鱾ѻ˯һѪأ󺰴˰Ѫˣ
һʱ䣬µǷ׷ƵƸ
˲øӯӯ˵ԼæϵԪϵķ
ԪˡԪͼѾԪϵķڼߵԪϵĴߣֻԪڴϣ˫ĿգңǻһѪԪ˸ԪϺޣԪһҲֹ
ԪһˣһѰƵԪǰ˵ӣöӣĽ۾
ʱԪֻۣǿôģԼˡԪϵ֣˵Ԫӣѡ
Ԫ˺ԪڴؿԪϣȻȴûתǸ
Ԫϵĸס˺ܿ˹ԪͿ˿Ԫϣüͷ˶ȥֻԪ˺ʡ
ԪͿʣҪݡ
æס㡭
Ԫ͵Ϊ϶Ĳͼ˸ŲѾáּ֣أҲֻĸҽ
ΪѵֻĸڼУȥĻҲҪһʱŵؾҪ졣ԪӵĲ飿
Ԫ͵ǰҲֻˡⲡûһܿר̻ؼȥ̫Σ
ֻõͷӦ
Ԫ͵һɼǰȥ
˵Ϊʲôʸеʮֲ
ǵԪǵġһֱϣƺԸΥǣбġΪԼͻȻȾšм£мԹǣȴ˵Ϻޡڣ̤ʵӦ˵ڣsӡͲ£̤ʵҲֻˡֻܸʵ飬Ȼ߲ȾͿˡ
ӯӯȥԪҵת
ӯӯɽʱ򣬰sӡɽϡϿ˸һ顣
ӯӯµ˰˾ŷ֣Сĵʵ㲻ΪѰ̫񣬴Բؾ˵ġ
ҡҡͷ̾һ֪ԵҲעþġ
ӯӯʸ˵ʱƺһ
ˣЦˣҪǡܹҵӡһͺˡֻϧ
ӯӯЩؿʣղ˵ʲô
عû˵ʲôŶ׼һ£ɡ
ڶҹʴԪҼ˵˰׼ɽׯӵ̫ͬ顣

3

ԪϲصóϡԪϴͷһֱü
Ԫϸĸ׷ʵ̫֪СȮǺβ
ǰδּ˼ģһʱѪϳ¡֪ǰʲô鷢
ԪĸѪҹСŮҪ˯һݣֻ˵Щҳ˭͡
ԪǰʱţҾ͸˵ˡ
룬ģ඼ҩʳΨơ룬зܾ
ԪĸͨڵϣҪͷֻ̫ҪһϾһɢҲơҷ٣Ҳʹģ
æԪ˷ģвĵĵ
ʷԼϢ
ʵ㵱зκҲҪ̫ΪԼźá
һڲ裬ϧΪ㣿ô
ʾȵؿôΪңҲǺúõ𣿡
ҡͷҲȫ𣿡
һʱ
ҲǸĺӣѵӻ²
ʳĬ
ˣɡǷģҪԵˣѵ˵ġ
ܵǰסͷţȥǲǻ˺ԼĻͲҪȥߣҵķҲСҡĲ
̧յɰĺӡʰǰ㣬ʵҲ̡Ҳӡһܵ˺ʵҵΪʲôôϲ㡭ܣҲϣԺӡһ𡭡
̲סţҪ˵ˣҲ㡣
ҲȥԪӡܸӡ͸϶㲻𣿡
ʵǣҲϣ¡
İɣҵбϾ
˵ţ߳˷šۻʵʡԺӡʲô£ҵϣһҪ
ʵ˵ͷ̲ס¡
˰רŵҽң˿ſڣֻԪڣ˲ڡ
Ԫ˺ȻżҲֻȺ
ҽʱ֮󣬰sӡ糾͸ˡǴӯӯϢġ
Ϊʲôסţ֪ᷢʲôɣһֻ𣿡˵ȻҪҽҡ
æסȰ˵Ե
sӡҪҲӦ
ִţҽҵš֨ѽһˣڲŶͷĺˮ߳
ڸʲôûأؿǡ
sӡʲٳ֣һһҲ
Ԫϸĸæǰ̫
ͷȥٿҩԡ
ԪϸĸһæҽңҲŽȥˡ
sӡʷ¡
sӡţô
Ҫҽһģ˵
sӡԾؿΪʲôҪΪһֻˣֵ𣿡
ڷ̫ͲҪˣӡ
sӡţ
Ҫ˵ˣôĵֲʲôϺͿ
˵Żޥ˽ȥѹֱء
ˣæ񣬸ޥȥҽҡ
sӡʧ˿ͷ˵ӡѹˡٳЩ꣬ͻᶮãʲôԵ֡
ߵԪʱԪϱŴͷšۿ˿ΧЦҺˡǲҪˡһ⻰ϲ
Ԫĸæסʵ֣ӵĴ£㿴ⲻôһˣһûˣԪˣƺЩ˼
ԪԼһһӶ뿪ˣ
ԪϽסʵ֣ͷ
ʵ°ɣۡ
Ԫҡҡͷ˵ۣ˵
һߣԪϸĸǧл
Ԫĸ̫м˵ͻЩ£޸Ҳ˲ˡ͸ǽ°Σ
sӡŲ裬⻰ǲֵ˵ϣˤ˸顣
ԪϸĸԾؿؿæӡȳȥҪ˵仰
sӡй񣬳ȥˡ
Ԫĸ̫ҼЩӣҴԿţ˵̫硭
ʵҲ¡ȺٺúΪǰ£ǲǸ׵
Ԫĸġ϶ҷţףһĽҲ㣬϶ĲҪǳһ£õÿ졭
Ĭһʱͷ϶ӦûдˣֻҪϢһʱͺˡĽҸ˵ᷴԡ
Ԫĸл̫ȫ
ֵݲз֮ʵϾЩִ٣δί
Ԫĸ̫ԼǡҷҲźһ缺Ϸġ
ԱϱţȥԪϡһţsӡԺһ·پʹѡǣԪҷ򸾵棬ԣԪϲҶȥ
sӡ˿ֻģʮֻѾ߷ؿϣһȻʲôҲûпΧһƺҲΩнȭͷֹвӿСҲֻֻǶԱ˴˶õ¡вظĻǣǣеǸɵ飬ֹͣ
ӦлķͻȻ뵽֮ûʲôǲ˵ģһһơͻȻ뵽ʲô̴ߵһδȥ
ϣûзԡԪĸĻĬһŮһĸġԪĸ֣ĽҼҵĶˣԪ˵İַ˲Ƶղų¡
ҹʱѰsӡţ㵣ĲѡĬε⺢ӡ

1

ǼգԪż׼¡Ȼ²ִ٣ǱϾǳӳף̫Ԫϱ˸߷ˣԪϻظͥΪĽס
ܼ²ţԪҴӽڲг׵»ǺܿѩǴԪسǵĵڶ죬ż˷ͥ
ԪҴʱΪԪϺĽæµˣΣ䵭ᣬֻޥһ·ȥ̽ԪϡԺ˵ϾǹйŮ
ԪϷУǡʲڣԪԼڴϿ顣ĸİţȻǸ˵ģԼδȬ֮ĽĸвҲź
Щ⣬æãЦãҡ
ˣԪϴǰ˵һ䣬ֻǿӿ
Ԫϻ񣬸ںޥæǰһȰοС㣬Ҽҹ񲡽ˣдˣѹ
ԪҲǰãûˡ
޵øģԪ룬ޥޥæȥɡ
ޥԥһ£ؽҹ̹ӣҾɣ½ҡ
Ԫϵ˵ͷޥתš
ԳֹԪϵ㲻Ҫﲻ֪ɣ֪ˣֵˡ
㲻֪Щʱ˼жôİɣֲ
ԪϵҲˡٵһ¾ȫˣֲ㣬ͱˡһسˣҪȥݹʾɼҰݻᣬʱҲȥ̺㡣
ЦʱҲҪӣǲǣ
ԪϺ
ôã
Ԫϲ֪λشֻͷ
ʱʴޥں棬Ÿõҩ˵龰Щ⣬Ҳ̳ȥԪӣóҩˡޥҩҪߡ
ԪᣬæĽߣ
ֻվסЦĸղ˵ңҵùȥ
ԪϿֿ֪˵ʲôźá
ʵȥһ£һ͹
ԪϿûвˣŷġС㣬ʧˡ
ʴҴҸϵУüsӡͻȻʧ٣ǵĲѡ
ʵţһ˻ɽˡﶼˣһ뿪ˡ
ҡͷĻȥҲͰˡ֮ʹʹֻһʱڲƽʲôɵ
ʳԾţǲ뵽ʲô
żûУֻǵġӡҶܷģԴһ֮һЩ벻°
ʵͷҲãš
˵ˡԵˣ˭Ҳֲð
ʵҪҪȥңҪȥɽ
ҡҡͷġء
ʱޥȥԪ˷飬ʱҲų
ߵԺлԪ˷ǳһʣмֲãǿЦС㣬ͻȥˡ
΢ЦǡСߺá
ؿһжԸˣǲرˣ
Ͷ٣ʵӦСûб£ˡԶ͡˵գתԼȥġ

2

ԪԪϻ˳ǣڳǰǲһġ磬ִҴһΪʴ˼ױһһЩΡ·̸ǸʿȻ˵ĽûʲôҪģȥ򣿡
ʶЩͲ⣬˵Ѿ̫ˡ
ԪϧؿЦίˣæ˼ҵŮӳޣһһĶҪԼԼųģϾһӾһء
ʲЦЦ֪˼ĹأԵʧʲô
ͮͮļչ˵ϣŮԧ۾һϲ֣Լá
ʿǼ£¶ɫ˵岻á
ԪЦ˵ģޥ㡣
ֻôӦ
Ԫ˵ǰŮҵʱԼļ¶϶аꡭܾãԼֻʱģһźһŮһʱ͸ôԼ·ԣϲ죬Ժһ˹һȻҲġ
ʻ¶
ԪζؿϵŮиָԵ֣ʱԻ󣬵һ߷ֵDDһŮú˨ס˽ţôǾ춨Ե֡ԣôԵͷͷֻпԳΪ޵ĲѵõԵ֣Ķ
ʵͷ·µĺӡԪһsӡǼҵǣ
̧ͷʱԪת뿪ȥ˵ȥˡ
ʷˣӲƵ֦Ļ䡣ʼʱʼ鷳£÷˰ɣȴԻʱ䡣룬ޥ̵ģһһԧ۾ϲ֡ԧ˼޵ԶԶ룻ϲһޥ˵ԧҪ۾ŻᡰϲְһˣԷ塣
ˣĬĬЦˡԪĻһ
ҹڵϸϸ塣ȻŰsӡ֪Ϊʲôһ뿪ĻҡƵԾͣᲦ˲ģǹȶһŮһһһ£ôҲû뵽ġŮһ䰮·һֻһΣȴʱǾͳΪһ˵ޣһ䣬ܶ񣬲۾ĲۡԼϼµӣӦһλӰɣͬһµô߹ס֣ؿȴǰsӡһʱ廨ָٿһѪһָתۼһԲԲĺ춹æͷ˱ȥ
sӡֱԪϳŻ
Ԫ廹ûȫãûӭγϣԼҲһγյæµʶٸеƣڽγϲ˯õļ´ϣźԪæĸ˶ѡ
һ˴˳ǣԪϲһ·ڽǰ
ڽγȻͻȻͣͷһ⿴ֻĺڶǰ˵һԪϣһǰsӡһϳ㵵ؿsӡؾʻǵһο£޵ɫʳԽÿȴװؿһۡ˸սĿδ
ӭ׵Ķ¿Ρ
ʵãȻ
ȥˣôʱŻĵͨ
Ҫܡػش
ҺŶܵ㣬㲻֪𣿡Щա
ҲǺúûˣʲôõĵġЦһ˵
㡭ûзʲô°ɣüͷ֪ΪʲôҾʲôطԡ
ܷʲô£䵭
Ŭ䣬ʲôҲ벻
ͣµһ˲䣬ıͬʱʽһκĳԪǣԪš
ˣ¡ԪϺãȻ֪룬ҵԱǸ곤ĸʱʱǡ
ѩǵĻףӽżţҪԼĳֱŹżûֵܵģֺͱִ档sӡڳϲǱʹš
sӡˣ˵شӦߵǰϲſıϣsӡһǰȥ
ͷ棬ʲ¡ĵʻһʹ
sӡǰߡˮϣȴ΢Цġˮģһ顣
Ԫϸǵߡʵĳͱѩ
ԪżsӡͣסŲʣһߵԪϲʣߵϲǰ
źԪϵĸĸֱϲõߡԪϺϲһأݸã޶԰ݡ
֮ϣһsӡһɫ֪Ϊô󣬶ɫס֪һʲô¡
ϣЦԪĸͷԪͷʺЦſˡΪ˼ӶС޼ޡһ˵û˶ˮлɡ׷Ԫҵء
붴ϲ˵ԪΪʸϸͷϲʳ·ȥ

3

һ죬ѩͷȫԪءԪҪһһ
ĸڳָԪЩϸԪĸԼұʧȣȥԥȥǲɸҲʹá죬̫Ůˡ
˺ŮǷǰԺԺϯsӡŮ׾죬һŮϯϡԪϵԺƣԪıӦ
ԪͰsӡơsӡˬһĵؽǱҲˡ
лźͰ֣Ľ޵ҼҡǷģһúչԪϰл
æsӡЦ˵ԪӷģĽ׻ǼҵˣҪ˵úһ
Ԫˣװ⡣ԪıЦ״Ҽɩ磬Ҫɷ򣬸ɩӶദð״ȥ
ԪsӡЦЦ
ȻɼǾơԪߵ̫ߣ̫֣̾ѣúӣôݳˣһߵͷ
ԪһЦһ˵̣ãлⱭƣҾǣף念̩ףҲԵ
̫һʱᡣһƣԪһ
sӡһߣۿԪϺ
ϣԪԻǰԺŮϯڸġ
sӡһ߹ȥк
һۣЦӦòɣ𣿡
sӡЦ˵δСαذ̾أ
˵׹⻰ô˵
sӡ΢΢һЦǶһ˸һŮ˳ˣһг˶֣ʵǡ㿴䣬жķģ˵Щֻƾĸ֮ý֮Զϵģ
ȻһЦΣѵܵȵһ죿ԣĲںԼ֮ˣ
ԪӸôִٳ׵ԵʣС֪𣿡
ɻؿŰsӡ
sӡС˵ΪԪȾزϲŽŵġʱֻԷƣ޷֮ʵҼ˼øԪӻҪദһʱգϣȻǿһߣ˵ԪʵʼϲôСݹˣҪԪϱȷΪˡ
˵ǣ׵ײǶϷʯĳһҲ顭
ʵܸһ𡭡sӡ룬˵
ؿ˵ȥsӡȴЦЦ˵ʲô
ˣãȻЦ˵׹ӣΪʲô˵Щѵġ
sӡЦתȥ
ͷһ룬˵׹ӣȻıһ£ͨЭ
ԪϵĻ鷿ǼеһСԺӡ«Žȥ᷿ԺСҲһͩһѣһƬӡ
ϲｫʷ£תšŲԶˣͷƣؿڴͷѾƵʱ֣·ȼϲ򣬵񻨵ľĺʺͱ춼͸Ũ޵Ϣ
ʺؿһСͻȻsӡð˳ϡ
ʾȵؿɢǿҵľһѾͨ졣ƺ˺ܶƣѾ
sӡˡҪƿ̫ˣƲֻš
ʣ㲻Ҫ޸ˡҪһ𣡡sӡ˵
sӡôôơʵͷ
sӡץס֣·߽һʣܿǾͿһˣŵĵ£Ҳ谭ˣ
ʿЦЦ˵ʲôأ
sӡЦΪҲ֪ʲô֪
᲻װתֽɡ
Ǻģô᲻ǧ𣿹ҾͲںܹһҿʲôҪķһֻҪʮ㹻ˣsӡ˵
ʿôô죿㲻ѾԼĶȥҪ֮Ψһӣ
ǣû㣬һ˳ʲô
Ӧͬѡ£ǲУҲ顭ʿҪ˵Ȼ˵һ룬ԼȿҪֹסȻͷϣŬ˼ٵĳҭ
sӡסļ򣺡ޡܿޡ
ʷļϣҭ˵sӡֻǡϣܺúõءšҲ롭㡭Ϊҡʲô⡭
sӡˣ̲סЦˣ¾˵úչң
ʺЦǰûСֻô롣
ˮˡشʵϡsӡˡһβŰsӡǿ˼ɵؾһ
ͻȻеʲôطԡ̧ͷȵؿŰsӡ΢΢ȣѩɽʥӦǱģֱۣƺʶʲôһѴ֡
ôˣôˣɻرʡ
sӡ´˵
㵽׶Լʲôʸ˴ȥֱۡæƿϷһȥ
˺䣬ֻ⴫̰
ʴʣ˭
⴫ԪϵĽԪδȬֻϲӦ߹Ȼ·Ϣ
ŶԵһ¡֧֧ػشðsӡһѳ䣬ֻ׵ֱϺȻһһ˰̡ȵؿ
Ľ㿪ŰԪ˵
ε⣬ͷʾsӡߡǣsӡǿվһεشӦһֻȥš
Ŵ򿪣ԪϺǲ˯ˣǲЩ̫ˣ
ĻͷֻsӡڴϡǿЦ˵ŶŴһ
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ĲɵصͷԪϣҪĻ
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㻹ҪϢСôȻȥˣϢɡ˵Ҫš
ԪϿ첽׷һסס㲻ҪߣҪߣsӡˣܹĺһҴԪʹ̣ȴ֡
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ʺӯӯҵ˻أĴǽڽҡ
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ǺɽһˮĶѪһϴɾѹӣ¶ЦݣȻԡ۳ԡء
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÷סһˡɽ˫Ҫ
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÷״̳ȥźɽؿһȭĿڵĵطĽ⻹ûã¶档ɽȻʹɿ֣÷ֽɳƵһߣԼɽš
еʺӯӯǴ򶷵ʽʢŰsӡѪıСȡݸӯӯǲǺɽĶ֣ȰѪͻȥȻٻҡҺ÷ȶţ
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ȽסѪޣҲƣߵصˡ
ɳ÷ӯӯʣٷɽ



sӡľѪͻɽsӡڵѪʥȪˮϴģȻ󻻻ԼľѪͬʱɺʥȪˮΪʡӯӯ÷ϴ˿ڣúķǧõɵˡ
ӯӯ÷ĴƷأָܿ롣ֻʣˣιɵԻԲѡ
Ŵҳ󣬿ã᲻ĬĬطȥˡ
Ѿ뿪յѪҺҪٴҪһʼĶsӡһҪԼѪΪѪһЩı䣬ҲҪķһķһлָԭ״
ƽסsӡ˫֣Լķsӡڡ
ɵӣΪʣҪҪ֪һôִǡڣԼҲɥǺοأ
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УһǼºܶܶĺӺֻôһ̫µˣҪǵļʢС
ϧŵȲһˡһҪúûţΪԼҲΪš
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֪ԼԱ˵ĳûôǿ
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Ų߳ңߣߵڣȴһɫӰɽ·ǰsӡ
룬˹ȥվ
ЦЦ˵û˯
ͷãͻȻסԭң֪ûضŵԣȥѪȥҲҵĴǵˣ
Ѿȥˡˡ˵
̧ͷ˵Ǹ֮ԣԺһԶԶġsӡҵĺãҴ޷±ұԼñ㡣
sӡЦЦǸԺúûŰɡҪúõػģ
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һ߳ڣűѩɽߡͻȻһ˫ִӺסsӡͷıϡ֪ˡ
ϤůŵϢ
һϣһȥȥÿһ䡣һĻĻǰ֣ǾؿţЦš
˽ҹǽ

1

ʲڵЩ죬ԪѾҳһšһȥղԣԪÿſڶÿ϶˵ߵһһľĵвڵЩǣҪһһ⡣
һţԪӭӣ˵ȥޱȣأʸеƺ衣ԪԪڳеĵ£Ԫĸȥ롣Ԫĸڽø꺮ůԪʲôԪٽ֣뿪벽˸վԶԶأ񿴹һʲô
ʴŵТԪĸˣ˺ܶᡣԪĸ̫ԪжһҪȥݼ
ҡҡͷѾ͵ŷǰֽȼ㡣ȥɡ
̫ķؿǰڰ׼ׯԪĸʡ
ʸҪͷȴԪĸеĿ֮̽⡣ƺҪ̽ʲô
ûУһһԺмʮأڵʱ˵ҪﲻΥŵԸ̴
Ԫĸ˵ͷֵ׼ڰ׼ׯǴŻɣô
Ҳ㲻ϡСĵ˵һ͵͵۲ԪĸɫԭĲҵǨ𴦣Ҳ˹ȥֻǸ˵Ա׼ׯš
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Ԫĸ˿ҲŤͷװЦЦЩλ徻ͥ˵ʹһɫæ͵͵ǵʿӡǵʿЦ
òػȻתˡʱӿһûǼ˹ϸȫ£ΪǸѪsӡΪԼҲҪ衣
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һЦû˵ʲô

2

ϣʿڼ̳պȫ˶ȥΧۡ
Ԫĸ˽Ԫȥǵʿʽڼ̫ۣһ
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ֻҪѹסǵʿͨ㲻ᱻʺ͵ʿעֽ紦УʿѾʣ޼¶Ц⡣ȻܿЦݽסˣʿһƺ죡
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Ҫ˵֣ô죿ʰ뿪Ц˵
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ˣһӿ˳ԪҲ̲ס᣺׸û¶԰ɣ
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ǵʿָʿдʣʲɫؿ
֪Ѱ·۹ȴҪϾɱΪˣа񾳣ôķʧȥӦе࿹ǵʿͻȻأһţһֻˡ
е˶һ
ΣԪĸ˵ԭ׽Ԫҵ˶һٿʵĿ⣬ǴȰеˡֻĿȻ䡣
ԪԪĸļԵ޹ʷ
ʿ֪³ԼݡǸͷĺӡ

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һ粨ȥɢҲҪʱ䡣ԪԾʲǷ׷׻ҲͳԵʹģŪӭӲϾ
ԪĸҲʧȴ׼еͺ޺޵˵ǡ˵ʱȹ࣡
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ԪЩ죬ǿЦЦǸҰɣ๫
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ԪһæպãŽЦЦ˵ûʲô£һȥ˸Ľдʺˡ
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ԪϵͷӦȴһĸ
ϻؼңԪϽŸĽĽޱ⡣sӡĸˣΪ˼䣬Ҳֻ˼ķʽ£
ţɻԷŲҹԼãӴ˲һ̧ͷԪϷ̵۾æźװŷ⣬װûһЦ˵Ǻǣ¹ⲻ
ԪϿŴ⡣ҹ졣εز֪˵ʲô
Ԫ̾˿˵Ժ󣬱ҡܲǺ֪Ĺأĸ˼ӵŲ̫׵
ͷ룬ָԼ⣺ʵһҲдŵġ
ȻҹԲⵣsӡʲôҪ˵˼ȥһɽ
Ԫ˯ˣĵȥ
һĹ͵ɽҹɽôƺʲôᣬʿɽмλ峤ϵ
룬һƬѩɽڡֻڵƻͨĳϤǰsӡͷҸɱȨڡ
sӡȻӦǰsӡλӡ
ԶԶؿŰsӡȥô֣ŵظɱ΢Ц˵ֻżüʱԿį͹¶߲ʱŮòǴк
ʲٿȥһᡣ
ȥ
ʡͻȻ֮䣬sӡ
͵ػͷվںȺУ΢Ц
ҳΪµĺ㲻ף𣿡Ц˵
һҰ㣬ӽˣҪͰңסᣬЦ˵

ˣϸ룬ǻǲҪԼٲˣҲ˴޷ʱ𣿡Ц˵
˵ͷҲˣͲ˰ɣ
ԶԶأԶԶأ໥˵ͷתֵĺȺɳɽ
صԪСһ£ס

ħ2

ǷԪƲ˼졣죬Ҫ뿪̻ؼңֻӭ˵ҪץҩæԸҩȥȡҩرõġ
Ԫϣʣ㿴ȥôˣǲӭ
ԪæЦҡͷ
㻹ʲô£ѵǸɩֱŤһνɩӡ
ԪЦЦûУ롣
ͷһ룬˵ʵо仰Ҫ˵ֵ
ԪϺؿ
죬Ҹɩӵı׹˵˺һСͬʱˡĸпأ
Ԫû
ʵϲɩӣɩӺҲֻǲ֪Ϊʲôһ𡭡
ƽõҩ˹Ԫæҩݸ˵ҩ̳ԳԿҪǾòãֻܸ˵͹ȥ
Ц˵ҰɡղŻҲú˵
Ԫԥһ£ҩһš
ǲڽߡǡõԪĸȡ˲Σδ½ΣͿǡһҩ·˵ʲôˣ㲻ԪϿ
ʲЩ˽Σؽ˵̣ûƸȡճԵ˲ΣҪţԪϻˡ
Ԫϼɫʣ˭㲻ˣ
ЦЦ̫ˡ
ԪҪؼңȵͷҲصس˽ΡԪϲһܳƿ½Σһ߸η˵Ƕ߰ɣҸٷ߻ؼȥ
ʻûع㱻˳
·һ֬ӣ߽ȥһЩˮ֬͸㡣
ʿǰɫСӣһӻۡûùЩ
ԪϸЩӣͻȻҵһ̴ľӵ֬˵Ҫɣ
ʵͷÿһһ
ƹĽӹǰãЦ˵õģͿ촽ɫģնϴ
ڶϣԪ𴲺ҪͿ촽ֻСΪĨãþһǺɫĿɫʯܲϰߡ
һ˵ǺԪıȥ򸮸磬Ϊϴε£úܹⲻȥǸ
ƳϣԪϵһ򸮡
ֻλڼһͤ¾ƲˣԱ߾Ǻɻϸϸ磬ʮˬ
ڶԼʵľƱƣȻٱ˵ɩӣǰֲǣⱭƣͶ˰ɣ𣿡
ʲ֪ΪʲôܾԼòԪϺԪıЦſǡʶƱһ
кҳԲˡ̸Ц䣬ͻȻøڷǰһѣΡͷԪһæһ۸ϡ˵Ѿȣϻ⡣䡣
Ц˵磬
һۣ۾ʱֻǰľ統÷ظУйᾣʯͬһһһô£

ħ3

Լϣƺ˵ӡЦЦָ̻ԭΣú˵
ԪϡԪı˿Ѿŵû겻塣һֱĺǰȾƳԲˣ﷢
ҲŵӵһԣԤϵЦŶԪ˵㿴ķˣˣǺ꾫
ԪϺؿʲô
ҩṆ̀ҪһҩֳҩͻþΪԼͬһԾͻָԭΡ
ԪĬĬؿԾϵֻٸн
ѧЩģԪıʡ
ߵӰһֻ֣ǰǸʿ˳
Ԫϲõ㣡
ʿߵǰ˵֪ϴε£Ƕҵĵвġǣҩǵõģм٣˵ţҪǺꡣ
Ԫһץס֣Ƶһߣָ̰Ҳ˵Ļ
ʿЦЦαִԲأѵڿˣһëļ꣡
ҩԪͷʹѣض͵ʿ˵
ûнҩʮʱȻָŵ
ԪĬĬߵߣǼ۰סȻᱧȻתȥ촽ҵʺɫΪͿġܡ
ʿһ嵽ǰסȥ·
ԪӣԲסҲȻҾͲܷŹҵı֣
ԪЦһô֪˵Ǽ٣һ㲻Ҳɹ
Ǳݺģ˵
㣬˭Ҳ˵壡֮ڣҲ׼˺Ԫƿʿǰߡ
ʿٴܹסԪıԪһԿ
ֲ£һס֣ȻǸãǽ춼Ҫ뿪֮ټһ취ôǾͲӦ÷Ϊ˼䣻Ǿͷ
ԪϿڻ˯С꣬˵ãҪһֱߡ
ҪǺô죿εʡ
ᣡ˻ẦңҲẦңԪЦһʵ˵һ𣬻һ𣡡֬ˮۺʿĵģû뵽硣ļδ̫
һҹ˯һë޵ϸü۵ȷʺḧᡣѵģĽһֻꣿǣôأ
֪硣μѩﱼۣͻȻһֻĺӴܳæ׷һȥ
оѣĺȣȷмˣʹϧؿͷһξôʱһɵ¡
˯Уƺ䣬߼ϸϸëŪġ̲ס΢Цȣ㣬ҲˣС꣬Ҷᱣġ˵
Ŀ⽫ѡ۾ԼһİԼָԭΣһŤӣ˯ԪϡæָΡ
ʱʸЩʲôҩ
ԪҲ˹۾ȻһĽ𣿡еʣȻı
ʲôˣʡ
Ľ𣿲ǸʿİɣԪϹִʡ
˵ʲô
㲻ǵϵ𣿡
ϡʲô£
̾˿ͻȻ˵ؽҾ֪㲻ǣһֻ꣬Ϊ
ꣿҡҡԴһӡ󡣶ԣǸʿ
Ż˰ɣЦ˵
ʼе㣬ǺҷɺҲܿɰԴЦ˵
⴫Ԫϵĵؿ棬˵ǸʿҪѰ££Ҳһë
һ´͵ʿվſڣһʻָԭΣǳһ
ҡѾȥԪҸλҳˡɵ˵
ҶˣгԵ𣿡ǲһûԱͱݺˣʿ˵
˵£Ԫҵ̸ϵ򸮡
ôȥ˺԰
ʺԪϳԹȥ
ʿ˵ĵйȻܹԼҩЧ
ʾȵʣҳҩ
Ԫĸһ̾ˡݺݿһۣԪ˵ҩ϶Ժ㽻ҪСһЩУС㡪øС㣬ľƵѵðҩһңһۻ軨ĵʿʲô
ͷ
ʿֶ˵⣬ȻзӶԸ㣡˵ţŵİͳһֽдʣֻֽƯʳһæ㿪
Ԫһȥֽץס˺˸顣һˣô۸ˣ㻹𣿡
ʿεؿð̣ϣ˶ˣ
̸ЦŷʣѵӦøе˵֡
ǵʿԪϲע⣬͵һָʡ
С֪е˻˵滰
ʱˣһ۾תе˶ȵؿ
ҽгСʱرԲųҵʿһڣȴǵʿҵĵطֻҺ͵ˣȥˣҾ͵˵Ϊʵֲ֧ȥˣֻķ
ǵʿæһָʻָãȻؿŴҡ
Ԫĸ߲ѣͷǵʿǴ˺ҽ۸˼ңɥĵļٵʿһߴһ߽ԪҵҲһϣһ𱩴ʿҪȰ⣬Ԫĸȸ˳ûҲһ١Ԫĸһӻ
ʼòˣԪϺԪıȥȰܡ
ǵʿѾˣڵϣʹ顣ͷɢشڵϣԪϾͻȻͣʣǷŲҲдİɣͷȥԪһһ˳ȥں棬ȹӵ±ԼĴβ͡
ɡˡħ硣ȻĻȴľ֣֮粻ģ¶һĹɽ磬ӣ仯
˺ħ֮ҲĹɽ硣棬еħӵ˵֮ģҲΪȴһЫĳġ
ġ

ů֣1

תֵ˶졣ѩ翪ʼѩؼɫǰɫ
ġÿھͲټϣѾµС
ȫΪ˲֪жˣֻﵣġʵڲ²͸µĻһԪһˣǸһë޵Сһӯӯ÷Զǧ֮⡣аsӡǣΪ߶
Ԫ굽ʱǺܿģΪÿͻԼȥԡǣԴӸһ;ٴˡ
һ磬ů˯ˡУ˺ܾûš˵ѾͷҲҪˣ
Цˡ
Щ˵˵ʣҪ㡣
ʿ
ӡѪ֣֮һȡ˵
ʲô£æʡ
и˽ҶɣǸԻӡ䵽϶һȾδ˵꣬ʹءӴ
͵شоѣæԪϴȥҶɡ˰ǣҹҵҶҡ
ҶҵһԪϺʿҰϸһȻһֻ
һ
࣬Ѫһأ壬ţ
æԪҪӣȻ̽⿪ǰָۡ
ԪϿʲôҲû˵
ȥ·ϣҲֻǾؿųƮѩ
صңʶһҪе˶Ҫ
ǵΪԪβĵط˷ǣиš
ȸղӲʵһЩӿ³һҩ飬ദתΪֹʹȻָͷѹסѪѸٽڰγסǰצʼԼķ塣
˱øءɣԼзԻĬĬţ뱣ǣ
ʣֻܾܾŵлصʮֵľ񣬼Ϊ뷨
еؿһغsӡѹѹˮ̰㱼ӿ
ʱ۾ͻȻˡȵؿ̧̧ǣһЦ⡣ŵͷ˵ôŪ
ҡҡͷ˵ޡҾĿѹġޡ
Ц
ĵر۾˵һˡ
Ϊ˾ЩʳĺܵˡĶնԺ˵ȷùܶû㹻ʳĺᵽ˾ʳ¡òĵ
۾ϵ˿ؿʼϣ裬裬ָδܹˡȻҪһʱա
۵þƣߣ˵ȥ׼Եġ
ͷ
ʳһѯʵĿ⡣Ц˵μһλҪȥһֻ˵Ǽһᰲ˶
Ԫĸˣ˵һ£
ʷԸ˼׿˻ʳȻԼϢ
Ԫ﷢㶣˵Ľ⵽ô£
˵ʵҪˡ
ȲҪ˵Ԫ̴ûĵ׼
ĬĬصȴ˺һǿЦ˵˵ˡ
㻹ǵ˵Ǻʵǡʵͷ˵
Ԫصصϡ
ʼ˵ղſľҵı׹ӣθ˵ˣȥ
ԪϳĬ˺ܾáЩ̫ͻȻˣ޷һӽܡ˺һ˵ԭθҿ뿴㱾ӣԺһҲô档
˼ǣЩ£ǣҪһ
жޡ۾תһȦǣһȦ֮ȻûбΡȵؿ˿Լ壬ȻתһȦû䡣˶ţתһȦ˵ӣȵؿԼֿ˿Ԫϡ
ԪϳԾؿתȦһŻعһЦ
ϸʲôͻȻ뵽ĹѾȫ˰sӡܱ仯Ҳܳˣ
ס־ϲѽ˵һҶˣ
sӡڼҽաƽʱֻȥ
ʸʧȥеķsӡޱΡһֻܻʮꡣ
Ҹô㣿
ҡҡͷ˼ţһҲˡ
ԷʱΪϲ˼ھͳԲȥˡ
ͷ˵Ҫܲãȥϳһݣ˵顣
ͷӦ
Ϊǳ˵ˣԪĸŮӽԪ鲻˵ôɩӾͿȥأ
ԪĸЦ˵ɩЩ˵Ǻôȣ
˵Ǻɵ£ԪҳһЦСʱֱӽɩӡеҲֱԪҵĺӡ
Ԫûٱ⡣
ҹ𴲣˰sӡӡһֻ˶İ׺ſڴϣ۾
߹ϸȻŵë
˳صͷĸʸ˵ǸҲĵŮӣˡ
֪ǰ׹ӣһҲǺɡ˵ţ̲סᡣ
̧ͷñǼ塣
֪ϲɩӣҲǡֻϣҡ˵
ؿ޷иıʾȻ̫׽ǣϡ
պ󣬰sӡˡ𴲣ȥķ䣬ѾǶԸ죬ԪԼͷ·ԭ͸ǸСϧؽϡߣӡ

ů֣2

sӡߺ󣬳ﳣ˵Ĺ£ˣΣǰеĺ͵ʳ˵ûзǷ׷״˵ǺӢʴȡ
ȥ˳ϳһԭѸĳ˺
úﵻ棬ȻõsӡĻӦһڵĵģ档 ټĹ£ƿһˮնڵĺԡ
ôأһ𣿡׷ʡ
ŶȣҵķȨ𣿡װϵӡ
ЦʵѾѧűˣ棬ȴĲ˺Զɵë
ߣ˵ʣӽ쿪ʼ㽫塣ֻһˣͬʳͬϲͬͬա
ͷ֪忪ζٻúʧȥͨҲʧȥǰйصļ䡣
֮Ի㡭΢Ц
Ȼһװֵкذ׾ü͸ڳ˵;顣Ҷ˵ʽԪϵӣ˰˵ôأ
ԪЦ˵Ȼû˵Ҳ𣿡
ӣһھϸ鿴ȻЩ񣬲֪Ǵǰûע⣬Ϊһűġ
еˣվöΪơ
໥ˡŵ˵˵Ե֣ǻϧѾǲˡĻֻԪϣڵ
ôɫǸ׾·Ԫĸ̫ؾֻɫñЬ࣬ˣҲϲ
ÿѩ죬ˣɷһŶӵѩˣ
ѩǵĶⳤ
ʱؿѩһ˫۾עؿڿһֻɫĺꡣʱ̻ܾúܾá

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