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Цһ⣡ţתȴ뵽ĻӣôӵͶͼһ嵤ӣǸ

1

ǧŶ
嵤ΪĶֵһļڣĴɼɫŴصӣǱһƬӣָǿңֻϧеƽ嶼磬˿Ͼһһε
еĻʹһһǳɫ۵꣬ϵͷ򵥵˸٣µûаЦݣüͷ΢˫յؿǰŹٷӡλŵŮ÷ŵؿԼӣһϽȥ˽˼䣬ȴ˴
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ӣСԾˣ嵤˾Ϳµѡˡ˶٣ȴʲôӦСˡ
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£ɾܴӦǱͨˣʲô³սʿЩսʱӲѹ˽ʯ£ݱ޼һ·µˣ͵սǸѰ·
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˵ʲôӣɫԱ䣬Ļʵ䣬ȻףϾûӣ嵤ôˣ
˭֪ĻӡᣬѧĸȨڹֵüɹ
÷ѻѹɤʹ˵ӣҲǸܵܲǳ֮ģֻڡ
ˣ÷˵ˡѾҸ°ɣȥʡٵĻһѴСչԼŮ÷ôģҵͷ϶̾ĸ֮Ҳһᱣҵġ
÷Ĭӣ£鷿ֱ²ҪͬźáԼյĹսӣ˳潹Ĳ÷ֻǵһЦ
ʶ׼ˣ˵ҺɵԮһͬȥҵķó
÷ʵڲ֪˵ʲôãֱţ⼸ʮǿʲôã
ҲԱɡӣο翪ӣҲΪѣĸǵԪϣֳбȨʱܵң⻼ټң嵤ˡ
ҲðȥսڳеȥʱҲñó衭
÷˵ˡսڳҲЩҲЩɵ˰ɡ
÷죬þò̾һӣЦҡҡͷڻʼңŻӵݱֻˣʹԼûҰģȨλҲɻὫԼС
÷Ҫһˡ
ҪȥĶ÷ͻȻẰһ£ӵĿĵأɫЩģѾЩˣ²ȥô
ӣҡҡͷӦܸǰ
ūһͬȥɡ
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ȥɣū澾š÷ͣӣ⡣ƬӣͬʹһĽأӣⲼؽ磬ӣҲвϣǳ˿Խġ
ٵĻӶŮͷߵǰ΢طЩ仯ϱڻ±պϡʱֵӣʢļڣĳӣڿз裬ӣĸĹǰ˰ݣȥӣֵһͬ۵ӣɴ׳Ҫ˲ܻСʱĸ˴ˣĸ͵ĸĽĻ𰹬кʹһܷܵǳ۰ӣˣҲ䲻Ѿûӣˡ
ӣ̾˿ֽһö񻷣СȻһӣ̧ѹסԼĳȴŲһͷֻһһµԼ
ڤ̣
ô˿Ʊ飬ôƯ̤ˡ̧߽ӣ˵ǰȴ·жһ㣬޵Ц˵Żǿ󣬡ݱ޼ֻһ仰ұ嵤ȡʤ
ӣɳĬ֪ζԼָƵģҲ֪ǺηʥԴĸյһӣмʮòû˿仯ھĳѪ۾жǰһͬưͼӣΣ֪Ҳֻڤ֡
ôǰΪڤӣһ鳤ָŪҲգҲļҪҵ֮ʣҵ֣ʱҲԼ֮ʱṴǣͷӣһǣҵӣսҵġ
ӣ·оһһתۣǰѾӰϵǺĸʱ򣬵и಻һĶӣŲȥ롣

2

Ķܿ׼Ӹصıƴ˴յŪ˰˵Ԯӣ˧ۣڻʹ蹸
ˮֻʮյ·̡еڰգ³һնûô˯õӣһθЩʣԭΪ·תԽˮҲѪȸζӣθ﷭ڵԽԽңȥ»δоԼȲˣʩ˸Ѹеζߣ˼ϰԵشĺůĸоĴ˼ذеĶѹȥӣͷ˿еĺҪ·Żڲ࣬ǹ˽
£ðɣ
ЩͷΣѾҪˡýЦˡ
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мʱһֱˣ˵ĸҵġ
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ӣͷ΢΢ҡͷҲףҲ֮İɣÿž;ְġ
һǵھȪ֮±ŵˡ
ӣЦЦ񻷷Żڲ࣬Ȼǰɧ
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Сģ
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˽оǣ˶ԣ
ҧҧڰʵ˵˳һΪԱ󲿷ֱǵķأİֻһܹѵĽʿ಻Ǳİգ
ʲôӣʱɫҰףֱ޷ĻͷЩսŵˣݱ޼˲䱻ͷ­̴ŵĶǡ
һѷɸӺͶȥԱһʿļȵѪӣ꿴Ƶʺ죬һڣŻ
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΢ûսźɱУӣԼǷ񺰳һ̣ضɽҡ
ǡʲô
Ʋ̫谵еһ޴ĺɫڴϣɫӰĳ֡
ԼһӦĺˣҵӣ

3

ڤ̡
еĺɫ۳ӵΣһĺڶд峤ۣڵĳɢţһ˫ͫϬ°ӣ룬ỹھ֮УӵĶʱֹæУӣûǣ·п̨ףһߵڰеڤǰ
ҡҪʲô
˽ţ㽻ң˶ѡڤ̧°ͣȥӣ۾ڤȴֻƷ촽ζſתҧԼָӣĶͷϻ˸ʲô
ӣҵ֡
ڤ̣
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ڤڤ̡̡ʹ࣬֫ͬѰܿһס
£ܿͺáͳº͵۵Ļ˯ɣ潻Ҿͺˡ
ӣܵ΢΢ͷоٴαһ£δüʲôƣѾʶɢȥ
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ïӣ䣬һССӰڴ׳ߣ϶ʡ
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ˡȥ˺ԶĵطҲˡͯͣĨᣬ·ûע⵽һԴֱ߽ȥͷϵ⣬ӣתǸߴĺڷͫӡ
˭Сӵỹʣ壬ߵ𡭡һ
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㡭˭
ûлشͻȻһʲôӣᵽ˿ССӾŵ˿عѾӵĻ
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סҽڤ̣ظ֮ڤ̡֮һգ㽫ҵġ
* * *
ڤ̡
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÷˵ӣ֣طˮҲǺúõ𡭡
ǡ˽˰ͻʱ˵̫һֱ˯šɵ̫ҽ޲ߡ
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븸ˡ޷´ӭݡӣͷ蹵޷ƽԼǰɫѵĻʶ
ˣȫķɱݱ޼磬Ҿһ·ʤ׷ 蹵ƽȣ߾ǰĿȴֻʵ
ʹˣķౡ֮
ǫ飬ܽر˲ݱ޼ʿౡ
ӣʱ۾µ߬˱رѣڤΪôԼϣס嵤ǿô׵ء
ͳ˧ȫЩбܽϳ߾ֻʱ⣬Ͱɡ̫ҽ΢΢ͷ̫ҽϽǰӣ
ر£ֻ۹ȣ޴󰭡
ף޹ЩҩĲƷʲôҪޡ
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蹵ͷֶԵеĹ˷Ըú÷̱뿪÷ӣ·£Ҵñ߽ǣһͷԹ
ôսΪλˡ
ӣ̽ңҾѾ֪ˡӣ΢Цڲ԰׵Եòҵȥյʱ䣬߶ȷ˲ǸӼ̽ӣˡ
ū治֪˱ᣬȥôó衭
ֻæڳ÷ҲҪֻЩˣ˯ɡ
˯ˣֻҪ˯˾ͺˡֻҪ˯˾ܡ

4

ΧһƬڡ
ӣ֪ԼüΧ˵˵ʲôȴף·ȫͬĵطǰ·ֺǸɽȵ£ӣ̤̽һȻһʲô׷ԽԽ죬ǰ𽥳һšʲôҲûУȴиܾˡӣţƲļػͷһۣٻعͷʱѾȾ˺ɫʺҺ廹ʣһ֫ϱ۴ʺ
Ҫ
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ӣһ⣬̧ͷϸڤ̵飬ȴס°ͣͣٵļ϶ǱϮӣ޴룬ѹڴͷ֪εηܿ㱻ڤһ·ֵǻ೤һȥſʱӣѾڴͷٵش
㡭ӣŬƽסϢ㾿Ҫʲô
Ȼ㡣ڤ̸գʱѾ˵ôԸΪСϵӡơڤָ̧Ķͷÿʹ÷ḡ֣ҵӡǡ
ӣҧŴԭֳ˼Ҫҡ
嵤ӣƯͷƯ۾Ư壬Ѿôꡭ
ڤϵͷǣӣһȻڤ̻˼ȭͷ߬촽Ѿҧ÷סڤ̲ؿһֻͷ쵽Լϡڤ̶̴ٵһüץס
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ƾ壿ڤһüӣֱ븶ұ꣬ȰãʱȻȡҲɡ
ӣҧƲͷ˦ڤ̵֣һֱڤץס֣ӣתͷȴǰԼַŽ˱С
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㡭ӣ֪˵ʲôƹּΪԵĿ㾿ʲôˣ
֪ģӣڤ̵ֻص֮ǰӣͷһǣúϢɡ
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ڤ̣ʲôͷ
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ӣڴһ˼죬Ȼһתõ̫ҽҲ´³սѴǣղдкҩԱ֮̽⣬ҲûڤҲûٳֹӣԭЩڤйصļأ˲ȴûҵκϵ飬ЩΪʳħԼк֮ʮꣿҪԼ壬յǣǶδ̫ᡭ
ӣͷϵֵһڤַ̽뱻еĶǵСֻĸֺչ÷ǹԼֻΪԻԼжмħ仯ɿŮΪ˴ĿƭȡǵȴڤƺһѾԻô
ӣ벻ףʶס˴ǰĺ񻷣鲻˼طһӿϵ鶪һߣͷ˯ȥԺУ򴲱߿ŵñ죬ߣָ֣оǳϤȴôҲ벻
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šӣʵۣ۵ǹװŮ÷
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ӣϱõıӣ뵽ղģļ䣬ԭ÷ӣ˿ȴַ·ЩźȻ÷Լһеԥԥ
¡Ǹڤ˭
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ӣһ㶣ָϴϲ߶ô뵽ӣˣĪǡ

5

ָף嵤һʦȻʿû˱ȵӣָ֪֪ԷоܳҡѸߣֻ˸ְ蹶֡嵤ҪΪʦʤȴҲֻӣһΪѧ
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ָҡͷ˰³ʱ쳣ϷҲ޷ƶк壬ʾ˱£ΪǱŸ´֮֡

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ӣͷԼ֣֪ղбŵĸоָԼڤ̣Ǵһʼ𡭡
ӣҼڻʼұעƽԵ񲻹ٶһ쳣
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ħշˣ֮ղΪءмǣĪԻʧġ
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Իӣˣ鼱֮
ϷˡָһźͷϷͲŵˣºϢ
ӣ÷ԼָԼڷлŸղЩָΪԼãڤħվԼͬ࣬޶Եؽصķ϶УִȷʵÿԼѾԼŵ˰ԼҪΡ
ӣԼĶͷڤ̵ĻԼԽԽˣºܿͻҪԼǷµı˰ɡʱ򡭡
ӣսȭͷҪվȻһ΢
ߣָϺꡣ
˭ӣػܣûκˣڤ̣
ûлӦƸղŵֻǻþһ㡣

6

΢ˮΧĿʪůŻ㡣
ӣӣ
Ůӵ÷ӣۣǰİľԼվһԡرϣһŮԼװ
ҡӣԻؿΧǵźȰЩһֱĵҹĲ÷ȥúϢԼٿ˻˯ˣôᵽط
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ڤ̴˵޹ڤ̴˾͵Źԡˡ
ӣһʱֵطڤ̼Ϊ壬͸硣Լԡ£Ī
ӣҧҧڤ̲֪ʱҪԼû뵽ô졭
ԼǺʱģղԡʲôǵá
ùһڶӣϣϵϴƽޡӣϻ幤ǼƷȻԼͬЩ׼ţ򣬰ĺȴֻΪ˽׸Ҫȥģֺαô鷳׼Щ
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7

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8

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10

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ӣҧҧ촽ԭʹйǹ

11

ź󲻾ã蹵ʥּӣӣ鷿ӣǺйأǲû֪Լǣ鷿ֻܹܷٻֳŭص蹵ɫȻҲôá
밲ӣڵϣ蹼ƽƷʲô˿
ƽ
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蹿ۣҹ乬гַûһ˿޿ӣҲܵš
ӣͷлʹģû˵ҹʲôֵĶҲƽ£븸ʷġ
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˵ؿ˷һۣսսͷ蹻£ӣһ鷿ڡ
˵ѵıаˤˣܱĶǱϾֻǿ񣬻̫벻
ӣһ£ʱ˵⻰ô⡣
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ʱ֪ʲô蹵ĿԼ𱸣ӣɳĬţ֪Ӧ˵ʲô
ˣ°ɡҪΪʹ磬ѾСˣĪΪڶںС
ǣ
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ӣͣ£˿̧ͷաǲʹָ
ҵӣ
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ӣ̧֣·ǸĺۼԺŰԼľǵĻ뻭ʱûɵһȣֱ׹㡣
ǻơһ䣬ӿǰĲӡ
* * *
乬úսţϸϸذ乬Χһ飬Ҳһʣһûκνչ˰ӣ뿪ӣΪѰĹʱеɭϣǵ˲֣Ψǲ̵ٴγ֡ⲢûӰϯǵ飬Ѱ°Ȼ嵤Ůǵĸ裬嵤ļʳ޲ڡ蹼˾°٣ĿͶһߣϱϯӣԼϯλϣĿбӵֻǰĲȣмŮݳɫ檵ĻĻĽ󵨵ͶĿ⣬ӣȴȫӶ蹿аԸ̾ӣ˹ƧǺǻǻˣᱻΪֹڳĬ侲ӣϣȴĲʲôģȴַ·ʲô֪
һŮ£һŮϳŮֳһкãеѰ鲻嵤ĸдһ¡蹵ͷӦʣȡľܿԸµϳļغ˫̽йԽԽӣ⾫ʵĶԾȻеǿҵĿ˼Ŀ϶ֱѰȤؿԼƺӱһʼĿһֱͣԼϡ
һȡʤգڶ嵤佫í˾һ֡һʤһһҪѺԵϯϣ˭Ӯ˶ԷЩΣҪʹ֣ȴѰվ
嵤ӷڣԷҲеĵãָ֪ܷһ
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Űڵķ֣Ӱֻǻӣ÷ʵڲʺϱԡ
·꼰ˣֻҪ磬ڽУ㲻ⵣǡ
ˣӣ˶٣ǵķֻǴСӽ̵ͣһɣǽ֮ͬɣǵȲѣӣʵڲؼ徲÷ɡ
ԶǷд裬ðɨˣ蹼ӣһζƴǣɵؿ𱸣ȴѰ˼һ󿪿̾
ϢŭӲ嵤֮ӣΪ֮һԵ˷ľ衣ܽˡ
Ѱ£蹼Ըʦ֡ӣ°עԼǰĲϣ֪Լû˦ߣǸעԼˡ

12

磬Ů˵ӣˣȥòãССĻŽż⣬ʹͷ鰸̽鰸Ųڳдͣеıʣܵܵͷ
ãøȥĸ˵һʮЦţӣ֪Ϊξÿֻ֪Ц÷ǳ硣
ӣ̫Զˣ·ģ
ģ磡ӣܱ߻ͷƬӣ־ͥԺÿÿݶ򣬡磬һӣɡ
ЦŵͷӰԽԽ޳ͦΣɤԽԽͳ˵ÿ궼ͻӣһͬӣô
ţӣصصͷܳһΣ֣֣
ӣͷȴֻ÷վݵ顣
£һ·˷ͽѶȫޡ
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جôڤָ̳ȥӣϵ亹ӣЩľ˿Ҳ˲϶ų⣬ΰʪ˵޷ָ
εʲôˣڤ̵ƽȴֲĮȻ
Ѫ죬ǰӣ˵֪Ϊʲôشڤ̣·ô˿̲˵جλԶԼֲˣҲѪ·ϡ϶ǡң֡
ӣĻû˵꣬ڤ̺ȻǼڡ廹ЩڤӣĴͬ׹Ļ꣬òͼʹںڰڤҲ֪жֱͬĶҩһݡڤ̰ӣŵڴϣͷƣ̽ڣὫļͷ¶ӣЩңзЩϸڤ̼ܣǰͻӣеһȴҲ˹ڤҪԼ£ʱӲڤ̵Ķȴͣ
㡭ΪʲôˣӣͷƫһߣģҸøĴۡ
ڤش
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ַûħϲǿôڤ̵Ļдų漴ºڲĸ˯ɡ
ڤ̰ӣַŽУӣŷԼһֱֻڤţ֪Ӻʱʼ
ɱģ
ڤü
Ϊʲô
ҵˣҵ˺ģǸѵҲôڤ̵Ŀ
ӣͷҧճȭ˵Ǹ˵ᷨҲڽ϶Լʩ׷ľǸŮŮҲ֮¸䡣ǱϾ̵ֶΡ
ǲԸټĪѹԼ۸ڤ̸ӣ˭㣿
ӣһһȴִ㲻׵ġ
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ǸѰԶ㡣
ӣӰڰڤ̵ĻִŶռĻĪѰԼر˼λԼǳڷѵڤ̾ÿ˶֮ãӣôЦţѾϣ뱻ͷ˯
乬գȴûʲôͷɻӣйأ˼ҥԣǸŮ׼ƣ˵ӣŵĺǱ̫ܵӵλĶŮʱûͷٴӣϵʱ˵Ǳִ©κһ䣬ӣҲҥԡϾڻʹ˴ضǴб֮ˣиԵĲ࣬ټʵȷʵҥ࣬ɵӣͷҲСӣϾǻӣƽְؼٲҴѲ飬ֻ˼䣬ӣҲʵش𡣲˼ûнչմŭּ֣ʬйصκټûֶ֣θˣ¾Ҳһָ֡蹶ԴҲʵ޲ߣ飬¶˵㡰²ΪİʾʩѹֻݸϱץˣµҲֻܼǿԷٳ¡϶ֺӣйصĽ⣬û֤ݣѪֻ֣֮һҧгһĵĶȥӣϢﰵڤεǸǽѵˣԼ֮⣬˽ᣬԺԼСЩٳУһоͺˡ
ʵȴԸʱ̫ƽȴǸѰڸ밵ʾӣպλԶĹš

13

ӣסӣԭĹڹûϾҲں֮УõĵطѰܵȻǻ蹵ɣӣ޷⡣ѰڣڼӵĲЩȣغ˻ӣŮǲˣЩɫ
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ȹҴ£ӦҸŶ𣿡ӣʣ豭СһڣѰĦĴɱԵָһƿۡ
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£Ȣǰ㸸˵˴£㸸Ҳδԡ
ӣüͷ΢ȫϡ˵Ҫһλ蹲ȢһʮĹ̫С嵤ȷʵֻԼʡһڹӣԼֲðˡ
ü޸ĬĬûгϢĻӣί𣿡
ĻҲСϰԶĽѾáѰֻӣǫЦЦ۾΢΢һת˵Ļ䣬ӣӢִӱºͣΪΪõĽ룬ҲȻѡӣ¡
ӣԵһЦ֪˵ġָǺֽ
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ӣ͵һգ̧ۣѰǱôаЦݡ
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ӣ´Բӣôвȵ£ʵھÿϧΪŮӡҲѰȻ֣ھҪסӣ֮ʱӣ
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ר̵ţӣܳˡԼòҪʧˡӣȭҾ
ǱҲˣղ˵֮£ϸǡѰҲҾӣû˵ʲô÷Ϳ͡Ѱ߳ӣֻͷӣһۣղһ˲˵黹ʧøɸɾѰתͷŲܲǻþӣƺȴеĸ˼

14

乬ղ֮֮δҲ¡ѰûӣһξӣڤѣżڻʹҲԶԶܿѰԼǿڴ˴嵤ʹķϣҲΪӣֻ˫۾͸Ŀӣ˿ûз
ֹգӣʮٽӣпʼŵƽʡգʥּһ㵽ӣ蹷ӣΪӢͳǱӣֲԶһլۡΪӣʥּһʥּ嵤嵤ӢӭȢ볤繫顣ӣڵϣĬһڶʥּȻʥּ뿪еļŮǿʼС빫ˣӣߵĲ÷ӣ֪Ըȴ޷ֹּ˼硰û͵ӭȢҲ֪ǲϡĻӣǣǣ˵ʲôִֻڵĶ׼ʹ
ӣû磬гв˺͸⣬蹴һöµĺ壻󲻾ã乬Ҳˣͬһö״Ʊˤĺ񻷡ӣֵǵȴȡϸͶԹԭⲻò÷һ÷ȡߣһȴеɡ
£Ǳ´ģʹŰɣ
ӣҡҡͷ߰ɣЩǲġִ壬Ʒĺͷһȷʵǻ蹸ԼôʲôԼԳĻӸΪϲʵڲԼ̳лλԴӳʮȷʵӣĶʱȥ޲ӦʣνĸҲͽڴˣ˵Ǹ֮飬ԼԶԶšȷ壬ԼԭȵĺǺģǲˣ飬Ϊֶ԰Լ
صĶҲֻͽ͡ӣֺϺиǣѺ÷һӡ÷ԼЩ̫³Ķһæס͵ĺٿӣֻ˫һ΢΢Ļߡ
Ҳ⡣ӣ
£˵ʲôūô
÷̽ͷʣȴֻӣЩ㶣һڡ
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ӣתϲ÷Լһֻң򿪣ĺϸ˿ţ´ճԭȵģӣѶϣ֪뵽ڤ̡һֱػԼĸоڤԼֻԼĸоӣýϸϵģЩʶͷȴʲô㣬ϸȥȴģģĳЩҪϵӣüװؽУϵ䡣
Ҳ⣿
* * *
ӣеĶ࣬գӣ˻ʹӢǵӣ࣬ӣ檣ӣеŮȴҲôˣпտյӣ˶ֲЩݣҲ徲еĻ
Ǩǰûüģʱ׷ײһЩڳΪٵĴ˼ҲŻϽϵԱ㽫ҪλӡҺԵŷʵĲ࣬ӣȥʹӹдĶԼ׼δȴͨ밲
Ѱһ筺쳤ۣЦȵ÷·ӣ֪ĺѡӣԴûкøУҲҲܿ͵Ľڣֻð븮Сǰ˻裬Ѱ׵˵ЩصĻιҪӣþܾѰ²ģƺһ˵ѵɣͷӦ˵ڹ䡣ӣҲǨ룬еĲҲ˽⣬˲ã˱㵽˵·߼ô׳ƣѰ߽ϸͻȻ̾
嵤͸ӵĸۡһһľޱȡ
ˣºİֻԵúᡣ
лӣڵܲѰϳβͷԱߵ꣬ӣѰĶ죬תӣֱץȥӣķӦٶۣһ£ѰѾϵĶһ·סһѹϡ
ʲô
ӣ·ǿϧƺȭŹ򡣡Ѱһѹסģһ򦣬ӣҪ˫ֽӡٲֵֽӡķԼҲ֣ѰԼ˽⡣
£ǱǷ̫Щ
ŶӣѵѸ˽͵ڵģѰЦţֳȥӣӣҧ´£˫ɫ۾ɫԽŨ
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㣡ѰŭջߣһƤⱻƵĴʹ̴ͷԡ
˵̫ˣ¡ɢ̧ۣЩǣ㵱ֱƾ޷ʩô
Ѱ㵣ǰҲӡǵûû֮˫ʩӣԾɱԼѹţôܡ
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ѰģЦЦŻӣΪ˿ҪɱҰɣ˵ߴӣưƣһƤ˼֡
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Ѱһ䣬ȴɲ㳲ŭʹ嵤ڣӣ²Я˥嵤
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Ѱŭܳүʱַ˵ĻˡУѰֻöֽӣãϵٷشһͷǱһֱľ࣬һֲһֲ١ѰַӦֻϰɱ˵ĲԼõ鱨˵ӣСĬĬĵԼǰ͸Ųаӣô£
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˵ʱԭͲˡӣͻȻսѰߣ˵ȥҲ޷ֻ˻š
ѰһֻòӱߵʧˣմѪıоٵǰɫͷɵؾЩѪ飬ζƷ˻
˲ѪζǻֱϵĹϵôЦ÷·ƤħѰſҪ˵ʲôȻʧӣϵͼƽȥѰϵ˿ҲʱûӰ١
ôᡭѰȻӣƽúˡ
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15

÷еǰͿ֪͡˼便ʲôԼԼѰӵĿЩѰ뿪ſʱͷ·ȷʲôһѰӰʧӣתȥȴȻһġĲ÷ԶԶӲԣϽصԷ¡
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ӣͷ嵹ϡԼղʲôԼѰȥвιۣ˵ĵطѰԼϣҪԼ£Ȼ󡭡
ӣߵ¡
ôٶһ밲
ԼḡĿԴǣôԼ
˲Ѫζ

ǻѪζԽԽŨڵϸĴȵѪͬʺǰһ̵ζֱ

ӣס죬θһһطڣڵŻ¸аᶼ˳ԺЩĶѪĻζͿҲԴԴϡͷ壬ڣѾ䣬ĶѾʧȥԭЧֻȥûߣȴʲôסˡ
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ڤ̡
ӣֻǿ̧һۣƾճֵڤû˵һˮעˮĴɱ͵ӣߡӣһ£ͷʲôζڤ̵ǽ赭Ŀζڤ̵ζӵһֽʲôζˣֻǵĴУỺ÷·ڸԼĳӣ޷ܾеᣬ§ԼĻůֻԼֱϢϤ·ӳʼһֱߡǸһ
Щˣ
ŵӣȻѰطڤ̲֪ʱԼѹ齵һͷڸŪԼĶԼ־Ǳ
ҡӣæ룬ڤȴϷſתһֱۣ§˻
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ʲô
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ĪǰЩѲղ˿С
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ĸΪĺǳְɡӣ˵úᣬ·µס˴ҰＸֻʣָĺĲһ΢Сġ̡֣ǱʻķԭȵĺϵļΪơ
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ΪʩչķôڤҡҡͷԭͲʩǷֻϺĸ˵Щʲôôⶫվû⡣
ڤһﰲǰĺìܵ˼ʲôڤ̵ͷȻñ۰еһɣͷԼļϣ·ƣ
ڤ̣ҾʲôֻҪŵѪζҾ̲סŻ£֡е乬ɱĶԲԣ³ʱҲңǰ
룬£ڤ̴ӣȴҡͷ
ǡڤһ֪ģΪҪ
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ӣ˵ʲôһ۽ޡ
Ե
Ļȴ֪Ϊһ˿ƽů⡣

16

Ѱ˿Ȼ㿿ӣӣ빬ָѧҵԶԶѰѰҲͣ²ȴûӣȥһξ۲ǸӣĿڴһӣֻûпֱȥǰЩָõϰ⽻ӵ
ִָűʿӣĽӣҲ߿ЩȦȦ㣬ûƵִ˵ϡԴʦӣδָԼĳһʶϺꡱڤҲˣбضʲôԨԴָҪԼԶڤ̵ЩȷʵͷͷǵԼʲôؼ£Щڤ޷Լ¡ӣô룬˼Ҳúúѯʣ־ôɽԼʮķЩĲԥţĽҡڤˣӣãʱⶫԼ˸ɡ
ӣӣѸĺõҵպãǰĸĺ֮£Ӳ֪Ƿ˵ˣ
ָӣ飬ͷϷҲΪ¸еϧϾʮĶĻʢƢ־󡭡
ѾȥˣӣҲĻʵܡӣָͷѽĶȡֻʷӣа취ĸԭӣѧʶǳ裬ֻ֪һֱƽȴʲôҲף˵ԭֻʷӡ
Ϸǵǰ¾ʹϷɡָӹ񻷣ϸĦһյ̾ҡͷϷ俴ЩƵģȴɡ
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£ϷʻǡЩӵ塭Ƿ
ӵ˼йأӣʣӵĽ̻ӣһֱμǣ³֮δ֮ԼûѰİֻÿԼҪʱ֡
ϷȥҲֻܣ񻷵ġָֿһۺ񣬡䲻ףӦػаһ࣬±ûñģοԼԼʲô˳û¼ʲôõºϷ򶼲ⷨϷֻ֪塣

ϷҲֻǲ²⣬ϷǾ仰ˣ¾Ϊ嵤Զǲźð
Լǡ ӣͷ
Ҳ̫⣬Ҳֻ̫ͣȻʧ˱ĶǹеʹǨ̫ҽЩķӡ
ӣ΢΢ͷվУлӵĹգӣעģôͲŷˡ
ָףѧļ硣ӣҾȥߵ⣬ǿҵһֵ˵ۣؿӡ
ָ֪ʲôģҪԼԶڤ̣Ǳʲôԭ֪ڤ̵Ķ֪ĵáڤǲẦԼģΪԼСͱţһֱԼԼҲ
ӣ뵽Ȼļ£Լʲô߰Ķû֤ݣҲָ˵һƭԼһ߸Լʲô䣬ΪʲôȻôΪȻ÷·ЩبŲһ㡣
ӣ̾ڤ֮䡭ů֡ĻǣĮĻʹ̫ݣ˵ĲʵԼҲָҲԼذмӣǡ
Ϊ嵤仰ֽȻ෴˼ַӣ﾿أ
* * *
ֹգӢðŪ꣬¶˸ӣзȱӣһҡͷڸߣŮֻǰӣǼٴӹҼ͹ӣȷʵӣ÷ǿæлӦ
޾蹸֣˾͸ðЩĶˡҲ׼׼ȥӭȢ繫ˡ
ӣһ㶣ӭȢֻɸ񲿹ԱƸӭ׶ȥˣôҪԼǰ
嵤ʹɺ֮ԼֻɸԱȥӭףʧ񣿻ȥҲ޻ط룬޺õĹȥ
蹵ĻûиӣܾأӣֻѰԼзǷ֮룬ԼĪԹҲ֪嵤ᷢʲô¡
գһԽѾͷͼ书ֲӣȭŹǶѾͷÿɰֽ𣬲÷ϲ߽ЩڵĹءӣϲϰߵȵȣǰе¡ʱ䲻Ҳ͵͵ĽַǿӣΪӣ뿪˺󹬾Ҳˣû뵽үôõĸ֡
·ġӢֿɲǰ׵õģӢӢ䣬ܸŵҡ
ɲ÷㣬ôãǽ˵öԲԣ
÷Цǰ˵˵Ҳˣ¿ɲһס
ףǰģȻܺ񱣳Щ룬ĵر˭á
Զԣǰ칬дʲôɱ֣ԼĻӲݺ¡
÷һ£Լ֮ǰ乬£˵ǡǰ족׷ʵʲôɱ֣乬£
Ǽ£ص÷Ų֪ǰӱѾͷˣ͵°ӣ֪Ѩ磬˵ʲôǵɱġ
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˵ǹ˽ά£Ҳ˽ڣûٸ˵ˡ
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17

ӣ˸ʱ򣬸ˡĹ²סͷõĻ㲻ǣӣԭͲϲ˼ӵˣԼԼȴˣʲôҪ£šһݳߵĿ˲ǳȴӣҦҹҦ֮
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˽ҦӻǱ͸ˡӣҦ֮ȥ˼Լ;ʹȥվҦ֮Ȼڡ
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ǡӦ˵˱βй˲ҩƷּԮֺؽ̼ڼ˰ҦǶǵһ̼ңҲ˴ǮӸ˲ʣҪһȥϷ²Ҵ⣬΢ݵһаȫ΢ݵЩˣ֪ʱ䡣
ӣڰʾ޷Ҧӷ˵Ҫ֪Ǻιʣ
˴£»ɸ͢ҪԱ΢ͬУһģʵػ㱨顣΢ã°ֹΪӣУǱܴɱµͼҶԵ˵Ҳǻ¡
ӣԭЩ⣬һʱȴЦ˽һıˣ˵֮⣬ν˰ɡ
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⻰ͲˣһֱûгҦ֮Ȼڣ²豭ӣ׼ػ׵ġ°У֮⣬ôţ
ӣתͷ̸֮£Ҧ֮ȴǴ΢΢Ц⣬Ҳ֮ڹᣬȰ˵ȴԾܾοӣò˵öԣСԼʲôÿǽĸӣֻ֮ǰĳ蹶ǲôԥӦġ
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ֻ˵ɣȴɱֵؽܷŵ嵤үΪԼְô˴Ѳ飬ͬΪ嵤İգΪβپһأ
ӣ΢΢ۣһҦ֮˵ûһֱ뱻ܰڵعԼҪͷǳ̺ԽԽǿҡȴԼôлӵְ𣬴Сʳд۵ģָô̵ģԼҲиԼ嵤Уڻ뿪
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£̫ˡݵҲǣûжŭҲ˵ЩյͳԲҦ֮˲һЦ̹Ȼѵ⡣
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ӣЦЦ׼ǡ˳Ҧ֮Ȼʲô
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ߣҵܻõġǣͫԳʳϺ졣

18

ӣѲ󲻳ϵر׼ӣҦ֮빬ٴ˴еĿģֵս֮ʣһ·ϵʵİȫҪԱİȫҲҪҦ֮蹻˼æ±ʾỤӣƽ鶼
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Ҫ㶨ԼĲô
ԼҲԸҿɲǿȹʲôһҲңҲһʱһĸԸ
ڤ̴սӣĴӣֻ⻰ңƲڤ̵ա
ôţΪҪԼҪңһ˵ŲǿԼһԼӡǣⲻìô
ﰲƬ̣ӣĪǴˣȻڤֻڻҲЩʧ䡣ͷԼָȻߴһ̾Լת˹ȥ
Ĳףڤ°ͣ˸ղűѵһǣҵôãƫƫʲôֻҵħ֣ԼֻҿôȴȥȷǸѰʲô繫
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Һúϵķ֮ǰѾʧЧȻ
Ǻû飬ѰѾ֣ԼԹԵظȥ룬ӭȢʲô
ڤ̡ҡ
ˣҺһжδȻΥԼҲߡڤԼ侲㣬˿ʱˣЩϢɡ
ڤ°ӣŵϣͷ뿪ߡӣʩӰʼʧʱ򣬺ȻȥסʲôҲûץס
* * *
Ϸ̲ݻҪȥһã蹱ּ˳ӣȻսһ·Ͽ͹ҳԲ࣬ò÷˶ڸУֻ˼˳գƺƵĶϳ˶ǣ˰ӪѲߵʿǷӢʸӰץŷ־ŮװĹӣһȴҪľԼŮ

£ӣߵʿӣǰί
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ӣùţԿһ飬εҡͷΪҪǻȥæֿڡ
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19

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Ӫ¶ޣӣ̫ظ׼ϷеĴʱСѾͷѾذѷеƷӵϲ°ڷŹʱˮӣϴȥһ·ϵķ糾ɵʱ֪ΪͻȻڤ̡Դϴ֮ڤдûгֹˣ֮ǰפ⣬˵ӪʰýɣôԼ
ӣ뵽Щ˷ܣ漴־ûơҲ֪ĸԼ뷨ˣֻڤ̵ӰеĨҲĨ˫۾ʱôѪȣ֪ӺʱԼӡоԽԽᣬͬԼԼ֣Լʱĸо
ӣҵӣ
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20

ڶһ磬ӣռƻ뿪ͩһҹǴ̿ûҵѾӳ˳ǡͨѾ͵˸ĳ򣬵Ǵ̿ûôضĳ߻һδɱӳ粽ظӣߡ
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ڤأǲǳˣ

21

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ţ㡣

22

ӣСĵڤ̱ϣ뿿ýЩ˯˷ѹˣֻñŰ۵ľ롣ڤΪˣܿͳ˯ȥӣһҹȴ˯ǳʱʱ˵ΡԼĸҲý磬ȵԼȻѾصǼӵĿջڡ
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23

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24

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25

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27

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28

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ӣͷͷɨһۣ׽Ҧ֮λã̲
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ӣͷµõ÷һʼʲôϾѰԼ˼ҹȷʲôûӣԼڤ˵൱У˯ҲܻǳѰ˾Լ˯ŵʱһҲ͵ԼҲЩ˼顣
£Ҧ˵Ҫū澿е㼱ҪҪȥ
ӣӦһѣѰ˸հͶںãҦ֮㵽ˡ
ҦӣΪˡӣ£ƿɻã
ֻһЩƤˣʵڲõ²ġҦ֮ص£հһֱҹȥҦ֮˵߻һܣȻ÷õĺۣʱɫֽˡĪǶ
ӣв˵Ŀڿͣһ£Щɻؿ˲÷һۡ÷㵣ĵҲˣôʲô֪Ҧ֮ҲǷȥ룿
ҦӶˣֻ밲ҹ̸ڱ˯ʱǼ۶ѡ
Ҧ֮һԭ̫ˡֻΪλķЩʵڵģ˼ˡ
ŶӣȤ԰ķ
⡭Ҧ֮⣬ӣ֪ʲôȴΪȻ
ȻѾ䣬㲻ʲôڵˡҦӾܷ˵
ǡҦֿ֮˿ͷӲͷƤᣬ¼Щϵ˵ġ˵¡殳ʮˣģƯŮӽ
ӣ΢΢üڻ岢ټοѰҲзıǮ
ŰݵλֻҪǿϵģŹ㻹¥СģܻŪ֣һˡ
Ҧ֮ͣһ£ӣһǸ˸òԼҦּ֮ˡ
ĸ磬ң

34

Ӣ䲻رڣҲ˫ȫ䶼ĸ鲻ֵ֮飬հûе֡
ӣͲ÷ǵһ˵£Կһۣ˶ֻо棬ǸѰ¡
ǡǸأ÷ʡ
Ҧ֮ҡҡͷ˵Ϊ˱ܿ˻ʹ䣬Ҳ˵Ҧ֮ٴηŵò˾Ͱ
Ҧֱ֮Ȼ²ӣ÷˿־ֶ߬ˡ
᲻ҲԵ¡
¾ǵһ㣬տԵµ̬Ȳһ㣬°ǶԵ¶˼˵·ǿǰҲƶˡ
Ŷôˣ
ѰȻ˿ûע⵽Ĳ÷Ҧ֮һҦ֮æ죬վѰۣƵôƣȴٳûжŭļֻʲôЦһӣ¡
ӣҹ˯ÿɺãųȥɢϻӣ£½˵µĺߣȴ˳űڵǰ˵
ֻǰµһЩŶѣֻа֪ҥǲƽӣһƽؾӣûˣѰѾһ˲͵ӣС
ӣ˵ҲǣҥܸӣµǲҲЩԶﴫ˵˼ˡѰ˵ƳҦ֮һۣûŭԵɫּӣһˣֻ˲Żļȡ
ӣҲŤ󣬼˲ͽųȴּжµĲˡѰڵظӣĸֲɫȫŵĲ÷һߵҦ֮һŷﻹôˡ
Ƕȥɣ÷ˡ
ѰҲ÷ȷԼӣӣ΢΢ͷ˲ŲôԸȥ
ӣߵƺôϲѰŵķеϧ۾ȴ˿ΪȻ
ƺҲϲǡ
ĶĻ÷¸ҽִ֪磬һûвϲλҦӡѰͣһ£ѰһȷбĴȴûܳɹȰӣԶһЩΪá
ҦȱĪҪ֪Сˣ
ӣ֪ǱĳЩĿĲõǷһ֮ģ
һ·飬ѵȰ˽ô
ߵˣտǸ˵ģ˽䱾Եˡ
ѰЦһ£ӣ̧ͷ˿˵ģĪĻ
Ѱһ㶣ûϵӣ뵽ңȥ˼¿ӣ֪便˱ֵʲôһ㵹ظ߻ӣ¡ȷʵʳУڷѰʱܸҵһݻֻƵıֲͼдǾ仰Ѱ΢ۣӣߵ¡ӣָ嵤
ӣһ㵣ѰȵĻȷᵽҲ֪˻û뵽Ǹ˲ǵǼδŵĶң
ô˵³ʹ嵤ҲΪѰ
Ѱһ㶣ӣ˼άܲȴʳЩһĵĹؼ
ӣ¹Ȼ񣬱嵤֮ǰȷ뷨ΪֻΪӣ嵤ֻϧûҵκѰͣһ£ӣ»СΪϣֲǻ׷ˣҿºͻӣһز¶
ӣһ䣬Ѱһۣл佱˵ٴζвˡ
ѰûˣֳĶӣ˽ͣѰǽζڣûñûθڡѰʰ꣬һֻ̡
һȥҹĵطʰʬ壬ֻҵһ֪ӣ¶Ƿӡ󡣡
һֻΣʲôģҲͨıаޣϷŵһСȴʲôӣսֻаСĴָǴСϿżΧһصӣһ˲ƺ죬ϸȴʲôҲ벻
ӣ²ؼ˵ҲʲôرļǺšѰ˳£ͥԺĳ￪Щɻ֪ӣǷһͬȥͣ
ˡ
ȻӦûÿ֡
ӣѰѾӣƽϱһͬӡͷյգͥԺиֲľʱһ룬ߵͤи΢ϰϰˬ졣ԺôҲʱݣѰԤı
ӣʲô
밲嵤֮лжٸԺӡ
ѰǺЦΪ˻ӣ£ȷʵ׼˼ȥ붼ǣİϡѾ׼ӭӵˣ˭֪ȴðֶ鷳¡
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ǻӣ֪ʲôôѰһӣشԼ˵ȥҹ뿪·һֱ룬ǸõµĵľʲôˡΪȴҲѾ֮ʮҲϲϵģֻ˻ǡˣµĶصʲôɡ֪˵ûУ
ӣ߻ڳеĺɻϣѰĶжѾʶ˲٣ܴһ仰ƶϳڤ̵ݻв㵡
Σ
ôһӮѰס紵ӣĳЦݷǳţҲ֪ںδҾߡ
ӣһգҧҧ˼ʱԹǲôҾͲˡ
֮ѰɰǼͷָ丧Ū֪ʲôԸ
鷳һˡ
ŶǺˣ
ǰ羮żһŮ뱾;зֿŮ鷳ȥһ¡÷ͬãʮֵ÷ȷƽٺò
Ѱһ۾ʱӣ¹ȻΪΪʹӿǱܷ⡣
һ밲ѲĹ˽ȡ
Ѱٴü˶ҪˣһͤѰ˼䡣Ѱ˵ͷŲæվ
ʧһ¡ӣǲ£̾ͻȥ졣
ѰЦõϷζʮ㣬ӣ뿪ֱȫˣӲųŵ˫Ȼ¡
Ѱ˵òȫԣԼ֪ڤںδǾ仰ɲƫее
̣ھ㡭

35

Ѱ뿪˺ܾöûлӣͤķϣĲɵؿ㡣ѰĵطǸȻѾµ֮࣬ʩչȥҲʲô˵¡Խķѧģڤ˵ʹǿûΪ·Ҳ޷ɹѰ·ˣҲ͵ѧⷨ
ڤ̣ʱڤߣӣҲ֪Լԡڻǰ죬ڤһæĸ£ȥΪĳӣҲڤ̴񣬸οڣӣǱȳӣǸִģԲȥҲ͡ԼкܶҪҪ룬ڼ£Ļʹ£ң£е鶼ֻһĿġҪڤƽԼƽŲôڤ̵ĵȴԼĿư׷ѡ
̫ԽԽߣͤҲˡѰűӣ̴Ȱݣӣ룬·Ҧ֮ķ䡣ŽȥֻҦ֮ϰ裬Ǹá
¡Ҧ֮ҳҾ
Ҧӵˣ
еµĸѾ裬ܿͻȬˡ
Ī÷ӣϵĲ裬ʵ
ǣ÷ѯ¹ڵһ·ϵ顣Ҧ֮˳ʲôûа߲÷
ӣ£÷ˣ
·ģҲŵµ˵˵ˡҦ֮֮ǰĲ豭Ųһߣӣϲ裬²÷𣿡
šӣͷ˼ȴڡ
Ҧ֮ʵе²ⲻ֪ǲǸ˵
ӣһڲ裬̧ۿûֹ˼
ҹٸҵջ˷˵µ١ѾӦò֪֮ϢҲӦò̫磬¾пܵı羮ա֪³Ĳ࣬οִͷ»ʱ᲻ᡭҦ֮ͣһ£˵ϼڴ˵ظʱδ̫ɺϣҲδűˡ
ӣ˼һȷʵЩɵ㣬ҦǺʱʼģ
Ҧ֮ɫе⣬һ£ô˵ˮվЩˡҹʱסϣҹرҲӦúƣǴ̿;ڵµĲ¶ģڶո˵ҲͻȻıʣЩȴ֪һŻңǶ˰Ϣй¶˳ȥµľǳǰж֮±µˡ
Ҧ֮˵꿴ӣɷƽ˾ŭҲԾ
Ҧӿκ֤ݣ
֤ݵȷûУֻ¶Բ÷ô˵ͲǲҲе㻳ǶԽö߲÷
ӣ۾΢һУͻȻе㼥ҦӶԱ˽⡣
ð˵»ˡҦ֮վֻ뱣¡
һ·ȷʵҦӡûҦӣҲ֪ںδˡ
̫ɷˡף´侲иǿķʵҪ¡ºոŵ£µ˽ġҦ֮ӣе֣̿һ²ðһֱµĵܾܵͺˣ̲ס뱣£ֻϣ²Ҫ߾ͺá
ϵӡǣҦǺʱ֪ģ
ˮ֮ʱǶӡֳҲÿɲµתʱӡҲһ£ͺػһ
ôӣһ䡣Ҧ֮Ļشܺڤ̵ʱ˳Լ֮֮ʱᷢһҲ֡
Ҧ֮ӣ飬뵽ҹʱӣ䣵Ŀ⣬æ·ģûжκ¡
ҦӲ֪ƴô
⡭Ҧ֮еԥ˵Ǽٵģ˵¾͵֪ˣ¶ǵ£»һֱվڵߵġ
ʹҦҹҦӦÿ˰ɣǼ̿͵³ʴȣ³ʱҲһҪӮսûбҪɱеݱ޼ʿûзŹһ
µôΪλûܲմѪƬӣ֣˵ҲɵбѪȾɵķɫ²ɱ޹¿ʴˡ
ӣĬһҦһɡ
Ҧ֮ЦֻǲΪһЩ޹ؽҪģ䳣˵س죬¶ЩȴУǵĹࡣ÷ղҲô˵˵ʹϲ˵Ҳǲߵˡ
ҦΪ
Ҳ˼ֻǡǾ仰ܻЩͺˡ¾õЩˣȥĵϰ߰ѷâţƺ¶ˡҦ֮˵źȻʲôһЦ˵¹ֵԸʵˡ
ӣһ·ӦָʲôЦҡͷȷǱˣΪıλǱԼʲôӦʲôΪˣ᲻ֶųһϰ
Ž˰룿
ȻܿЦܶõȱö࣬Ҫ˿öࡣ
ǰ
֪ҲǴˣοһļ̳ˣʧ˷ִ硣
ǵô˵Ҳֻӵµ˼йشɱµı¾þ˭
񻹲˵Ҧкο
Ҧ֮룬˵Ļ²ϣбȨ֣˴ͨطٸɱҲ̫ЩҪ˵ĻֻС
Ǹʡӣ񶨵Ҧ֮ЩԻΪ˿϶ӣȴ͡
֮ӣһ±˲֪ȴһ֪ģϲһȫĻӣҲᶯֻ𻤶֮ӣ
Ҧ֮ü˭
ӣϵĲߣ벻ͨҲ⡣ֻӣ͸ʻеôǡ
һ˵Ժӣһ漴ĬĬҡͷȥִСԼΪܣҲûκɻԼ֡
ǵ½ȥô죿
벻ıȴа취ӱ˿Ѿ밲ȥ˽磬ȡһ˻֮ǰͣɡҦҲøðá
һĪǡҦ֮Ծ۾Ī͡
ӣֻǡ

36

ѰʱٴγӣǰҲһʲôȥˣֻӣǲѾԸȥһùţѰŹӣˮȡ㿪ʼַָ̽ӣ飬ֻѰ˵Ͼϲ֮ˣеķʱ̲סԼĿû˱ԽԽͶ֪͵ҹѰصӣԭҪȥ磬ҹڤѾ˯£ֻա
ȥļȴֶǲΣѰ֪æʲô켸ӰϾӣƷ졣ʱǷ֣̽ʱֻͨģѰƺӣϲãĻӣȤڣⲻӣڤ̼档ӣȻ´ڤϢ˺漸ʵͲס˼ҹ˷ͨʹ
رǰɭ˲١ӣ޵ŵߵߣԭ뿴һ۱ߣǰŵ˹Ȼû˯ţͻȻӱ֣ס
ȴôҪô
̡ӣֹסŲڰ˫۾ȴɱ棬𣿡
֪ܺؼͷ˯أڤ̿վڴߵˣȻϵı죬Ҫһ˯ô
ӣһ£漴صͷϵڵϣ뱻Сгڤ̵ζбκζ˾ðĵڤ̵źͱ۰
˺Щ𣿡
ٹվ´ˣĪġ
ӣͷڤ̵ļϿŽߵ˫һϾͱҲ޷ƿߣһ嶯֧ת£봽ǰ롣
̣ˡ
ţ
ұ飬ԭߵġ
ڤ̾һ£ûгܾãָܿ˳ı飬ָձߵķ˿أ
ҺӲһʲá࡯ִַӴС̵ͬԭࡣӣͣһ̣˵˶ԼԼԼǲ븸ʽµģ֪Լʲô֮ӣְص
˵̧ۿڤ̣ߵȴڡ
˵òԣ
ڤ̳˼һ͵͵س̾˵ԣҲʵԶˡ
𡭡ӣЩйͷڤ̵ľóڤ̵Щʧ䣬ǻʲôҪĶûһЩڤ֮ġ
һܿģܿ졣
ţ֪ڤ̳ȵӦִϸָӣоԽƣ˼֮ڤ̣ͷԼȴ
̣ҡ
ôĪҪǸԼˣ
ӣһ㶡ڤЦţȻƻ
δӣǰ֧Ҳԣֻ»ӣȥΣϾһﶼǶ˼һġѰҦ֮ǸѾͷȫһˡ
ӣ˵ȣٿ̧ȴ˰첻֪ôʲôҦ֮ȹԼһ·չԼѰЩ칲ûжԼëëţԼԼйͬ⣬ûйȥôᣬ÷͸
㡭㵹÷ĴҲҪԣ
ǺǣڤıǼ⣬̫֮ڣСĵ˵׼´αӣʱ򣬱Ѿ׷Բˡ
ӣһ˶̲סЦ˳ٶ¿ڤ̵ļϣһɨա
ˣ˵ӣ˵Ķң
ڤüǱߵ³صҴӲ⡣ôˣ
Ѱ˵Ǵң֪Ǿ仰Ѱᶺ嵤ǵõʲôϢѰӵӦò򵥣һֱڰעңʲôϵôͬʱ̾Ͳɺˡ̶񣬱̿ͽ˺ΪҲģô̿͵֡
ҹ̿ͣǰһЩƤˣһԭҲ˲ңҲ¶
Ȼҡӣشͷڤ䲻˵Ȼ롣
ĴֻҲšڤסӣ֣ˣȴΪҪõ㣬ΪõҪңڤЦһߣȻƺΪӣ㶨粻޹ϵһȥ飬ġ
š
һҹӣͷһ˯ڤߣһ˫עӵԼӣᣬҲ֪òȥ
ҹٵ㡣
ڤ̵ͳĻһ춼صڶߣҹѰˣӣϽʩչȥ硣˳˼գͬסļûѰÿ̸˵أҦ֮϶ѰģƲõؽӣҪѰ̫ӣͼѰҦ֮ٴЩң£Ҧ֮Ҳֻǵ;˵Ѱֻ̫ȥ˽ĿܸңʵĿ
ˣյϢӣҪҲҵ˶Ҳõˣ֪ȥӦҪ͵͵شǡ
ӦѲµ⣬밲Űɡ
Ѱ󷽵صͷ߳һＸ䣬ۻӣͻƷ衣
յһϢ嵤Ĵӹ鳯ˡѰ˵߿ӣ飬Ų豭΢һ٣ֻѰһѰһЦӻӣѾ֪ˣ÷ﲻԶǧΪ£
ӣɲѰҡҡӣһڲ裬е
ĻֹӦһӣϢһֱúܽȴҵ̽ˣ²żȻ嵤ʹܿҪвˣֻǲ֪ԻӣǺ»ǻ¡
Ǻǻ£˭޷
治Ļӣ¡Ѱǣˢеӣ᲻ӣһӾҪôˡ

37

磬Ѱ´һŮӡ
 Ҧ֮ȵ۾
 ÷Ķš
£÷㣡˽÷Ļʹ
ôȷӢˣ˵ڸĳ򿴵һòʶŮӣѰһӣ£˴ˡ
ô︽ӣе飬
ĨĨᣬ֣صع£ūڹ;˵ѣ˵ЩеҥԣūʵڲģͰǼλū澽ͻϼҡ˵ŵͷ㻹ڣҲһôģ
÷⻰¶ɫ˵ôˣ
̧ͷؿӣҦ֮׹˵ҲĻ·˵ˣԵ¸ǽһ̲ǻϼȥˡ
⡭˵ֻǡ÷΢üӣӣװûʶɻվϧ
һ·ϿҲ˲ٿ࣬ͷȴȥϢɡ
Ѱͷ˽÷ҲһȥԶˣҦ̫֮ȷŵؿڡ
£ǡ
ӣȴѰһЦ˻
Ϳȥôˡ
ϢһҹڶЩӣʱˣò÷ȥ￴һŲ÷һݣӸϽ㲻ǣ˵·۲̰˯˻ӣ˲ûн⡣
һల£ѰҲûӵ±κ쳣˾ʱ䣬ӣ̵Ĳ÷ȴء
÷ʲô£
£ūܾЩ֡÷΢üͷӣ˵¡
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÷ȴһ㶣ǲ֪ӣ˵ʲôû˵ʲôֵĻֻūǾá
÷۾ббŵķյӣߡӣһ÷ȷ
ūûʮİգҲа˳ɡϵʱū澾;Щˣص¡
ӣ˼˻÷»֪𣿡
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÷ȲҪ룬ҲҪ˵ӣοʱԼˣڸ˯ɡ
÷ͷ
ڶ켸˶ú磬ڳ˻æѹȥʱȴһҲûСһԭǰͻȻý籡ƾɫˣһʱ齫Űȥ˺ߵͤẒ́ԶԶͤеļ˱̸ʲôҡ
£Ҧӡ΢΢ʩ񣬰ѹ̷ŵʯϣʲôѽƺܿĵӡ
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ʲôѽʡ
ֻֿе²֪ūԭϲٹһЩ˺Щڲյ˶֪辿εƳġ÷Цŵָ˲衣
̵Ĳˮк״ɱУζƮЩζϸַ·һջ˵ζɫ΢΢һ䣬رɫͲζȷʵһα
÷㣬⾿
Ӧ֪Ŷԣǵǹ޲裬ǰصطԸҪϵġ
ͫһ£ǡǹ޲費ǡô
а˸֪˽һƽ˳㽫Ҫӣ˵һڡ
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ҪˡҦ֮Ҳһڣٶ̾죬˶Ȼ£Ϊȴж
⡭żǽȷ½˵û˵ʱū澸ţǡ
˵ﶼѧЩգضҩҲЩƤëôӦò᲻֪п˼ҩɡѰƵҡȡ
ǽΪʲôҪüͷȫһ𣬵ͷҧ촽Ȼ뵽ʲôū澼ǵ½Ϊ֤ʵжѲˮι˼ֻ̾ˣһ
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£ʲôҲֻ֪֪㲻ˡʲôڼʲô֪ͨ
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۾֪ǽȷǺ󡭡
и޶ΪһҧģҦ֮Ŀͳԭ֪˶
֪£ҪΪūū˽㣬ȴҪԩū澡
Ըϣȷѹմͳɥ£Ϊβ㴩ɥ
Ϊ
ɡӣһڣһ£Ҧ֮ѰҲ¶˾֮ɫ
ѵҦ֮ϸȴҲԷֱ֪֮ģ
Ҳ޷ֱˣ÷ԡ
÷ȥ÷˸һЩ̣ǻòƣЩϰȴȫͬūȥʱױʱ;Щ֡ƽ췢ȴ֣ūһգȷʵ
ô˵ǱҴˣðֻû뵽÷
ŵŮӲٱ⣬ͷ˿顣
ˮǰսµٸ֪ŵĶðɣҦ֮Ҫ˵ʲôӣֹ
ֻ㣬˭ָʹǵģ
Ĭãڼ˶ΪڵʱȻ̧ͷûǰǹɻõģȡ֮Ĵź侲
֪ô΢һһеģʣ

38

һеģʣɫе⣬Ҧ֮Ͳ÷ȫţæȥӣӡһضţϾ˿ûб飬ߵĽ㲻֪ںδ
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39

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40

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42

ӣߣΧϤһ˹԰ӲݴڿľϣɫĻԶмýɽӣ֦ͷϡϡػʣƬƵҶӣӣǰϸ˿Ѿƶؼϲļֲǻȥģǡ
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ӣӻؿȥ˫ִǴֲڵƤʱһͬգĿ
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һӣߵ԰ﾹְִɡؼΨһһӣͽӣɡ
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ӣһòŻ˵ͷһģģ̡

44

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45

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46

;ǧһ·÷ڷ絲֮꣬ǰ˴²ŵֻͩ˲һʱ䡣ƸŮӣȴһ㲻ѷɫڱӪеĺӣ·ϰ˱ӲԼ֮첻ɲ˵糣սķ֮ʿӣǰǸͨŮȷţȴֻǫʲôڤ߾ˣЩ¶˰ˡ
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47

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48

ֹգкתȻһһڻ˯֮УʱѾȫѣԼ´ˡе֪˯зһУӣĸмĽһ㣬Ծ˱ĻҲƴӣ֪ӣѰѰͲ÷˵ʱֽʰǵõĻ˵ͼ
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ţڴ˴Ҳȫ廹δȬһȥ롣
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Ҫν룿ǵԽɹйٸĹУǶ޷ȥٸ
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£
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÷㣬ǡһۣҪﱻӣϡ
Ƚȥٴͷɣͱǿ֮ˡ÷һƽҲˡ
÷ϲؿõǶãʺ򣬱ż˵ڡѾں˲ߺ͹㣬豭ȴֻһֻ
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ӣ˽صͷֻһ£ôҦأû÷һô
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ǸʱӦȥ羮·ϣָһ߶ӵͬϢǿѨˡ
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᲻Ǻйءͷ˼ţһ̧ͷΧ˫۾Ѷ˹æͣ˵н֪˽ӹϵã˽Ӳ᲻Ųʣ᲻ʵҪ
ôһ˵ȷܡҥɱֵʱǹ˽ɰӣ˹˽ԩǻ¸ʲôźã˶塣
˰Ŀ⼯еӣϣ΢΢۳˼Ƭ̺ڣ˵ֹô򵥡뿪ʱųһֻ̽£ȴδ飬Ǳ˷˰ɡ
һ£ص˵ͷ
ַǳ˿ʩչ뵽ѹ뿪࣬ȴѰϵǰҦӺͰ뿪ɺô
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Ҳ˰ɡ
Ȼ⸮ϵ˸밲ͷ챨˵ѾĻӦΣŵǹΪԱǰӦҲܷΡ
ӣԿһ£ţǾôɡϣô¡
깴ǣǱĳǺݾЦ

49

÷˾еĹ£ȥ붼ǳͨ±͵ѰķԸӣִ֮ʱҪţ˲÷󣬼̷ųŸ룬˽ųǧȥӣõ¸֪÷ڱֻش䣬÷óӣԸ͸¶֮£ҲʶȤزʡ
Ź󣬲÷ʰ꣬ȥ׼ӣԡõƷ˼ҩʣµ˾еĲҶһ˲裬ӣС
ӣѵõûڶ飬ǰűīֽʲݵдЩȦȦһʱ治дʲôѰӣ߿ȥֻﾹд̡Ц
ӣ˼ڤ̴ء
ӣŻعһ㣬΢ĨȥǼ֣־Ե飬ɴֽƵһߣñѲ߰ڿ
ȥһˣڤ̴Ҳȥ
ȥ˱᲻뿪ò˾Ҫڴ˰һ˶ϣʲôûȥֻǻþĶҡӣȡĺУ֮޷ôǿ󣬵ҲҪֻţʲôᣬԡӣƣס񣬡ʹһҲ֪һֱߡ
Ц۾ӣʵΪ˸еˡӣһͨӣʱѷڤߣ֪ڤΪеλս˶ã۷ָԶͨİ¡ӣֱͬ顱ɵһûĻźΪȫƾһǻڤ̵ִǰӣ侲˼񣬱ʮ˽Ϊ嵤Ӳһ£ӣʱӣʺڤЯֹӵ硣ӣҲˣڤ̶ɲڱʱҲʱʱ̿ܵõİ˺ң
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ӣˣ˵¡δȷʵбʶ֮ӣЩõԤСڹֻǴڤ̴µŮ٣ƽʱòķʹӦֻˡ
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˾˾һ
ӣһЦҡͷѰȷʵµҰģȴұ嵤ħ֮ȫ˶֪Ǹħʱߣ
ӣ˿϶ôһˡҪȡµİȨֵҲضҪģͿ밲Ĵˡ
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ӣü⣬һ£ȡˮ裬е˼ҩˮͶֽֽı潥һһ
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ӣ˶˸ϵˣĻʹѰ빬Уһӣֿ뿪꾭ӪΧһȫãºܿĻҪ¶Ŀʱˡ
ӣӣﻹЩС֣дġ
ӣӹдšӣ飬Сˡ֣óдüˣֶʲȴڡֱϵص㡣
ӣЦ֪ңȥܰһ壿
һ÷˶еĹҲΪſڣӣӣ⡭үڣҪҵν
ʵˣ֪һȥдˡǡ𡯡ӣֽ£һ۲÷ã˴ιȥգ˾ܹܶչˡ
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ӣޣҲһԸµģ÷Ҳһ뷨ȴ÷ڡ
ڵ඾δɾ÷ҲգȥҲֻ鷳ǵӱˡ
˵ҧŴһϣĻ֣֮صصͷŵҲỤӣ˰ȫ÷ġ

50

·ܳӣùĿռ䷨ӣ־Ѿɲó˿ӱޣ;صشֶȥ١뿪µһϪضǣˮֵĳ˾Ӵʣȴת嵤֮еĸҥ԰Ѳżϣİٴδ˸Ŀֻ֮Уǧ嵤Ļҵͬһĵ̰ӣѾֵסεĳɢ
֪ǧǰôӣ;кȻʡ
ϸع۲һɫڴ𣬡ǵڤ̴԰еò±˽ʩչŷԸƬغеİգڤ̴Ϊ˲ʧΪһþȫԸһ֦ӣʩԷ˽磬Ƭӣ֡
嵤ǧ꣬Χɵ嵤嵤ķС嵤֮ǿʦ֮ҲΪƬ˽ӣְɡĿǲ뵽ķػǧ嵤ķʽսɡӣᳰһ£ǧѾһõˡ
ȴҲӦػǧӣħҲʹӣֿĻɢˡ
ϧȥ޷ӣ̾ҡͷٴջ˼Ѿ쵽ˡ
ʲôҪȥô
ӣָ̧ۣ£һҵĻ
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͵һ飬Ҫ͵ϵҲҪԿЦмʲôѰĶô
ӣһҳҲųʱָ鰸ϰⱾ飬ҰΪʦղصķҼȴδⱾҲЩΨ֪Ķʶصرֻϧָ֪˵ĴڻӵӤʱڵļ䡣
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ҡҡͷӣ֪ȥһ˻ʹ̲им¼߸ɴȥΰˡ
ӣֹ˱뷨ֻ˽һ
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üͷ΢΢˼һһտжԶ
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ŪңּЩӦñ̲ǹаϵĵط֮һҪʵ̫ðգʲôһ֮ӣɿַ۽ǵƳԽ뵡飬̧ͷĵصȥ˯ɣڻ磬ٳҲü
֪㲻лطСһʱ̫ѾӣѾԨŽ꣬Ҳһ룬ģѾ˽ȥĶԲߡ
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ҪǸܷȥ̲ͨеţ
Ҳһ취ֻֻϺ굽ʱˣʲôУԱȥһˡӣ˵˵ССسһ۾֮︡ɫӣȴֻЦҡҡͷ
Ҳ̫棬ȥȴҲֻδ½֮Ҳڴ˵أοҲ޹ˣֻϣۿһҳԩ
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ȻǰȻҪҵĸϡӣ˵Цһ£ȻѾ˵Ŀլˡ
ӢѾһֽأħ֮˵ģסڸ˼Ҵ󶼰ߣһ·ˣִڵʿҲС²֪Ķֶħ״ʩ˸ߵʿǰͻȻòϱ͹Ķƣ׵رѼʿŵȣһɢӡ
ǣ³Ȼûаһѻվ
˭ôӣħ˭֪ʲôӦء
Ц߰ϵķȥӣڡȷʵԭβɾҳ߸ӣ˲裬·ĵİڿһĶӣһ
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ӣͷӦʣ鷿ǰһжԿаЩأЩܵʿе׳ŵܻſƳħӰָϽߡ˼ڵˡ

51

ĽŲ𽥴ӣһǣעԼĲ豭ѿ쵽ǰŷվ
ַӣ
ӣվſƣûһЦݣȴҲƽ͵Ȼָһδ꣬תڣ̿Ǳ¾ɵķ飬ڲھͷϵĿλá
ߵ۾г˶ݵĻҡ
ǹϷʱˡ
ӣ΢һǣָڡָӣͣһ̧ſż֮Сźϣӣϲ裬ȴſڡָעӣĿʱʱ䵽ӣֱߵġԨŽϣӣȴһûвһ򶨵غŲ裬ָȥȷʵҲúԶ볾û·רſЦһ
Żӣӣʧ˴Ϊι
ӣﻬһԭӻԸΪ¡
ȻҪϷǺãչǵµĻӣҲΪڷóΪ¡
ָңһߵģӣɵи
ħչ嵤ĶӣչΪ嵤Чô
ϷҲοˡ
֮ǻӣǷҼͰܸôȴҲ֪ĵ˭ӣţƳһۡԨŽΪ֮£Ӵһʼ֪˰ɡӦҳǧ֮ǰ嵤֮ʩչŷûӣ֣ǧ֮Ҳͬķҹй飬ȴδ˷ΨⱾӲߵġԨŽдԨŽʵǡԨŽɣȴʩչ˴˷
ϷʩչҲΪ嵤ϷΪ׼
һΪӣһ֮ʩչŷ֮Ϊ䰮֮ĴӦԸƬӣֱΪıϡ֪Ӵ˴ʲôΪۻҵĳ
ָüƬǿڣϷ嵤ΪأΪ˻ס嵤СС̸Ҳա
Ӳ˵ӣ˵˰ɡӣָۣɲ豭ıԵ֮֮ԻӦӵķӣйأҪĴҲӣйءΪ嵤Ļ֮ӣͬʱҲ߻֮ӣ
ӣ̧۽ǿָһۣߵɫЩѿӣ֪ԼµĲ޴˵ǧ֮ǰڤ̵һʱǧ֮ŲὫԼ˽ضȲѡƬԼϢϢصӣ֮⣬ӣʵ벻Եɡ
嵤ĹѾ˥ʧȥӻ˶ǧӣ֣嵤ҲѲԶҲΪ嵤ʩչǷɣʱӺˡⷨԳģԷ֮Ļ棬ԼܸԼйصһУΪһͨһͲ嵤֮ӻģҲ֪ĸ˵ʲôĸǿʹҵһΪӿ֪ΪӣǲֲűѪûı󣬱ϾڳӣЩǷ࣬ཫҪ˺ԼĶɱһ
µ˼һеϷ򣿵˵Щ֤ݣȷˣϷԸĶձΪһ嵤ǧ˶Щкι
ָԼ飬ڷʵǲԾؼӣһЦ嵭νýĻš
ûйôдıҺ֮ͲøϲŬʴȣȴͱ˴ħıǩɷӱˣ֮ԸҵǷӣǷ嵤ħȴҳô
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ӣͫٿһǿӣϵ֦ԭˡ
ϷһΪ嵤δ캦֮£嵤ħҲǱ⡭
ԭˣԭӣѾָŵĻ૵ſɬѹ̻ӦѹֻҪջƬӣ֣ԭõҵ֦Ĺػ嵤ǧ꣬ǧ˿֦˼Ϊħ飬ȴΪ˵ö֮ħ¾˺õЦ
ʲô˵ʲôָе㷢
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˵㾹Ƭӣֵԭôܣֲָ˵ƾϷ򲻻ᱻһħɱΡ
ˣֳϣ͵رƿŻ󳯷ڣʵϲŭԭ븸˵ħô

52

ԭ븸˵ħô
ӵ£ָ𾪵վȫûвˣʲôʱ򡭡
Ǹտʼ˵ˡһŮӣߵӣߡ
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ӣԸħĻҲűºϷԣ
ֳ֤ӣȷħӣֵĿήȷʵӣأۼӣʧһƪӣɲǼȫħķֳνͻӣ֮ʱӣַʢӣӣ֣СͺܺЩľ˵һӣиʹϲ¾Կһֱػ嵤ӣɡ
Ҳ֪ħɱƾ˵Ҳˡ
ôΪ֤ҷħҾ͸ùԹЩɱˣӣƤҲ̧Щ۸ҹŮˡ˹ġ뺦ҺʹӵģҶӦ
ӣЩѵ
ģӣŵĿ⣬ںһԶԶڰʦ֮ʱ˷ʱҵϾմѪҲΪʲôұȥҲϣǧĻ֮ӣδزڹаɡο绹еҹȥˣֵط
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ôλַӾػ˽ˣŮӵӣķȥֻƵŮӵﾹ⣬ڴӣʱ΢΢ϥԽˡ
ӣʾ޷Ҳ棬˵ȥ
ΪҪʮ˼֮ࡣ֮в죬̫ӴļΪʱһ֪Ӥ졣ֻҪͬ˳߸߹£ļͻȫָȴܸʵݣҲ͵͵ֻΪδǰƣӦ֮ǰĸһͬɱ
ӣɱһָѹ÷ס
ַӿ齫͵˽磬Ǹʩӻ˾Ҫӣ̥ͬĸһɱӣʴȣʵڲ˻Ϊλܻϡ
ƳɫΪѿָһۣٲڣָֻΪרķӣ
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ԭд¡ҧҲ˵ӣħıӱ֪
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ʹˣħַġǷ֪Ҳ֪֪ôַΪһ֮˽ʩչħ嵤
㡭ָɫ࣬㡭㾿
ֻ˶壬ӣ嵤޹أǳħҲνֻЩƴҵҲܼܵһĶԴӲ뱻Ϊ֮ףӸҸϵ˰Ÿõĳ·˽ϴԩ
˽ͨүѾ֤ȷ䣬ħҪųѽ嵤ռô
ˣҲڳҺͷӼлӵܵʲô˺ұ֤ӵ³ô򵥡
ӣվһһɵȻüûκȣȴָ弸亹ӣûٿȥ׷˳ȥ
ӣȵȣ
ӣѾչȣһ·첽׷ϣӣߵеӣ԰ʱ׷ˡ
ӣҡ
ҵĻˣӣͷҲء
ߺҲ࣬ĸɲ֪˭µ֣ҵЩˣһʿΪ־ûӣɱ޹ħ
˵Щкãӣתڻ˲°ɱʱôϸ
ʲôȻסҺʱɹҪȡֻҪ壬ôˡ
ҪɱҵŹ˻ֻ˭д
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ǡ
ӣ֣

53

Ӣµӣ֣Ҳ˵ʲô˸ݻӣ֣ǰΧӣֵĽ籾Ͳ׿ƳġȻӣȴʦµĽȴӦƻŶԡ
ӣҴҽӣֱȥѾ˲ָҲƥӣֵĻյü죬ζѾɢ˺Զ·ߵİոֻţ˸ҿͻȻȼĴ𡣱ӣ˸򵥵Ľ絲סֱӣֵڷɱ
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ӣӣֵڸиӰſڱǣƺҪЩʲôȴ絲ͷٿһЩӣ˵ģ
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ƥͣڴӣ˴λδҦ֮Ҧ֮ӣһ㶣漴ǰ
£ڴˡôӣġ
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·˵صʱԶԶи߽ӣУΪǵ¾͸ϵڴ˭֪ûûȥϧҦ֮˵źȻʶеǷ֮æ²ǻɵӣֻ֣ûеµϢʵڡ
û¡ӣתͷܽӣеĳȥӦָֻǿģڴ˴ָҲܸ֮ǰô˭̣䣿
ӣ˻᲻֪ӣֵĹϵ᲻˶㡭üͷԽԽߣǽȥ
ӣģҲͬĲ²⣬ͷ߽ӣĿԶ򿪣˶ȥ±պϡǴ뿪ʼģӣǰߴ·һʼöˮʱԭͻδתټϻ¶ȷʵȡ
Ҫɣӣʡ
ӣͷֲ̧ȥϸСĺ飬ûиоˣ
ҡͷ
ҲǣƬӣȻٻЩδɢķҾҲ޷гǻˡ
᲻ݻ֮ʹӱ뿪ˣ
ܣشҦ֮ӣֵĽֻһԽ룬ԲųΪıϡ
ڿήӵò죬˼һЩû˵Ķ϶ʼðĺ飬ͼʩͨĽ絲סȵ¶ȡ
֡ǰӣͻȻǰѺǺ˾㣿
һ£һԳӽʦôˣ
һ÷³ʱĳʦ
ӣ㻹ǲԸҵĻô˸ħҲһҿ֤ԼֳǵĻҴû˴ɱ㣡
ӣͷ䳰һ£ʵôǾȫһµľ֡
ʲô
ңֿ֣
Ǹ䲻ĻӣԽԻ󣬡ΪͻȻᵽĪйأ
ӣش𣬼ǰߣǻ˼ԽǰߣΧ¶ȸȣӣе㴭ƺڲ֪һʧµĲԽԽء
ӣˣĲҪĵطסӱƫʲôҪôźã
ӣֲһѺ˲ҵķӦֻóԼһЩ
ȻҲݻˣϽ뿪ɣӹ˾ˡӣȴ֪ΪЩŲ£̧ͷŵľȥҰкȻ׽һһӰ
ǡӣľͻѰ˵Ļ
ôһҲǰѰκοɵӰӣһŨ̺ʹдڳĽɫʲôҲҲ
ӣʩܲҲģ¡ӣӽȴЩµĵؿ߲䵽ӣϣʱһ
ӣˣĶơ
ӣһʶȷʵЩȡԼûʩڤ̳ԼҲûļ£ô˳ĪԼҪڤ̵ֵ֧ĵز
пйŹ֣뿪ΪáѸжϣ˶ֻЩΨ㡭
ӣһӰ֮вȴӲԸڤ̵ģ˵ͷתҪۻأȻ˱仯ɫķâӣ˲ɢʮְϸ˿ӣӣоȴʹֻôһɲǣʮϸ˿Ѿסߵı˵ΪĻ󣬽ġ
ӣ
󺰣еӣҧŴˮģһЩͬһܶҲʩչ֪ס˵ķһ˿Խ⿪ģһʼӣҲᡭ
ˣλҦǲǻᷨͻȻ뵽Ҧ֮ӣֿ˵ĻתͷȴҦ֮ӰĪҲʲôҦӣ
ԽļŲĴѰңڲԶ󿴵һɫ
Ҧӣ
ֽһûж̧Ƿȥھ벻ʮĵطȻ䲽Ӳͣ¡
Ҧӡ
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ǡ˱Ǹʦ
ӣ㵣ҵһգһһȫ
ԭ㣡

54

û뵽㣡ӣŻ߽Ҧ֮ѰҪעߵˣҾû֡Ҧ֮ңǵг
ʲô˵Ķңһ޷ܣ嵤֮ڱȣǸҦ֮ҦҵĹô
ӣҧҧ׵ܵܵ׷ӹ⣬Ѱ궼ûϢԭǶ㵽嵤ˡȻ⴫ԭͳ֮ڡ
Ҧ֮˸ԭδʾݴ˿Ѿȫʧ¶ԭƣʣµ߷ٲȻһ֮ӣüлЦȴִСڻ㾡Ӻݸ߹
㲻㣬ԭûдڴ˱¶ݡϷʱߣҺܵ˼ȫڻӣû̫ϸºصڸǰһڳﲻǼ棬˭뵽ͷԼƵȦݣң˻ͷվǱӮˡ
ҲǵĹӮӮʲô
ӣߵ¡ڵõӣȻӮҡ
ӣ۾һУӿŲΣʶҪӡʩθס˿á
ӣ±ᣬǰѵµµĵߡƵ˵ͲţҪ¾ҪԼ֡󣬵ǧȴֻ嵤ֻҪ嵤СΪ塣嵤սַ֣֮ʵ
ԭ׼֮ҽӽȡҵΡ˵˽ύļƻ֮һô
嵤ڲͬڳʹɽˮ֮嵤¶ػ嵤ǧ겻֮Ҳ嵤ױݻ١ֻҪûػ嵤һǿǲѡ
ĪЩйħԶ㡭
Ҳȫҥǿ嵤ֳ϶֮¡ң˵ſһۣɫ࣬ҧгݵ뷴ȴֲ֪οڡ
㡭ƺһУֵܣûӣ׶嵤ʧ߬ȭͷȻɫһ뵽һ£ӣ˵Ĵ̿ĪҲ㣬屾ǵ֮ʱҲϣô˼ٽ豾˶Իӣ֡
ңһЦһˡı飬ûдɱ˻ӣ£µǻ׽Ҫɱӣµˡͣһ£嵤ǸͲ֪ˣ㱾ŷƵҲܶ嵤طٸһǻӣµ壬Ҳ˵
ֲõڶѰֻҵһԻ©֤ŶԡӣѰլԺǸҦʱʱԼҪѰߵ̫ʱΪǵԼԭֻѰļƻɲ֮ǰˮԼչˡԼ˵ЩǡȰһøЩԭΪ嵤
ңһСĿ΢΢Զӣ¹Ȼô롣ӣ¾νĻ֮ӣһ˵Ҳţȴϲ£³ʱɱݱ޼ʿĺݶǶ¶Цʱº£ñ֪ĽҲһʱ嶯ȵ¡
֪ǲʩĿƣ
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ңĿƽ÷·أж޹ȴʵ鲻֪ıҲܹ֡ӣѾ˸շִʱľ㵷ŭ鵭Ȼֻһ˫۾͸Ȼ⡣
˽ͨһһֱΣˣһֱ׵ܣ㾹˶
Ϊֱ񣬵ү˽ͨżȴҲʵӣ·ģҹ嵤֣һƽǰί
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ңϵЦԾʹ󷽣ӣϲȴһء֮ǰϵò˽һˣһˣһΪ˵õ˽£һΪ˳ڤȡ֮Ǳ֮䣬ΪߵĹؼĽɫǸڰħڤ̵㣬סͱķȻҲǸħΪвڤ̣ȥһʲô
еĻֻΪ½ȦףܿͻϨ𡣾ڴСסգǲܱܵҲһͬ£ÿջͲ͵ӣڴƽͻӻӣ£ʱӣеǸħ֮ҲһѾϣԻӣ²ٺúÿǿǡ
ӣһң˵ȻתҪߣȴȻ
ΪԸô
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ǷԸ´֮ʱ֪

55

еĻȻȻ֮յҵϸ֮ȴӣ˵Ŀ֦ΪҽҲСűڷе޼ƿʩķԹˣ˿ȥҪؿ嵤˹£׵ܱܵ²ߡ
Ǳˣ˺úòȱ֮˵ĵϸ
ҲûϵӣԳѰǸز¶ˣˣ˶ƭת
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һʱˡӣϵŮӣҲͬصͷ˵һⷨǱѰİ취ģֵӾܷģ˴оǷӣȫҲὫӣȥȫ֮
ǺðɡȭӣҵңҰ鶼˸ʾȥĳ˽ң
ģҲɲŻǲˣ־ȥɣٵˡ
ҧҧת˼ֻͷһ۲żӿ˲ȥתͷŵʹͷӣɫĶûʣˮӳԵøڲ԰ףΪĵĿ⣬ҲһЦ
Ҫ̵ˡ
ôͲԼһЩſ֣󲻼򵥣֪֮ȻͷǱˣͱ©ӡ
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ӣ˵ͣһ£еɫɣִЦ⡣ңӣ֮ϸڣֻӸղŵ֪˲ĻԪףɢҥԡӣֵܡƹȫһΪӣ
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⡣
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ӣиһ˵ʱһ
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ӣǰ˼һ飬ԽԽ¶йأɫԽԽأֻҪ㲻Ҫ̻һ硣
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ּӰԽԽһ㰵ȥһûмɫ԰׵ӣԽԽ
ô֮һˮɤҲѾˣӣֻ΢΢صͷ
תͷ˿ֻʣһƬϼգҲ֪ʲô£߸ֻǰһϷȥӣ³ŲסҪֻʩչ䣬Ϊۡ
١ȵȡӣ·𿴳˱뷨øƵɤѵ˵˼֣Ҫֻӣҡҡͷס
ʱе޷ΥĬٴν٣Ҳ֪˶ãϡĳӣͷѾӣдʱݵӰѾԼɱ档
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ӥͣһչ˳ĳȥӣͱǴȥһﴫ˽ŲżӰҰ
ӣ£
Ӣ£
Ѱôᡭ

56

Ѱôᡭڴˡ
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ЩӣѰӣˮܿͱӣһں꣬ѰҪһһЩմʪԼ䣬ӣˮŪǲøɾ
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Ȼ޴󣬵ѰҪ⿪ȴǳѡѰһЩδŵĿ֦뼸ʩһӹȥʼɶ״ѰӦһӽơû֧ŵӣϣȥȴҲ㣬˷Ѱһֱӱ
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ģĪǿԼߣѰüҲ֪Ƿ뿪ǡ
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أ
﷽ֻϢƬ̱˵ȥˣҿɫѣ˵µȲáһҩҪȥ
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ֲ㣬µѾ˵ˣǷԭΪ˽ס㣬ʩҲǷ֮ҲǺ֮£Ψһܻ뿪ߣһЩѰ˵ŤͷαһСȡŵҩһڣüͷšýɬҲЩʲǣ
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ӣ鸴ӣֹ˼ΣҪڣںȻ˹⣬Ϸ֣ɫŮӰһ

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ղڵĻȻ˵ˣѰһɨʲôǱΧˡ

57

ղڵĻȻ˵ˣѰһɨʲôǱΧˡ
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֣Ҳ˲ȻҪǿӣԸؿѰһۣ˵òõİ취ȥ硣
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ǲǷ嵤ּ
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