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÷ʱϯĻҲ㡣忴һЩ̲סȦ壬Щ᣿
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ģҲãֻǲȰˣֻǲᡣ羸ҲˣΪܰᡭ
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Ի½֪֮Ϊѣ֪ƣ˹ӡ⻰˵ñλٶõһи߷еͣгж̡нˣе÷ʧκֻʧãֻãᡣԾвܹ˭ȥǣ
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ϻ˵ǻһ·ȥˣֻʣһ鷿ȴ˽ΣȴŲȻͣڲԶ
Ȼ޴ɶ㣬Դԡ½̾λתȥҸӣ˳ұˮˡ
һ˫ֹһȴˣ塭
ѹˣһ˫ü忡񣬲羸Ǻأ
Ҫ᣿ĪϵҲҪ籣ݡ
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Ӽȡǰ˴ЬӡյýЩŷ˵ĽŹС廬ûһ㡣ЩӣͶ١ٿһۣʱһ̾

˵ˮ񡢹ò塣㲨ϸޣůؾһ˫Զɽü۽ǹҾӨһεεġһʤɼۡͨˬҡӰް˼ԡ顢˼Ѿ֪Թһĺ
С֪ԸĲֵ̫ʦʶˣƫﱲϤĵ̣ĽͣԵĲ˵ʶ˹ɫҲЩƽϡˣǾ̾һӣ޹ֿɱdˣֻ֪˭ֽ˫Ŀ̸֮ȷǺ¡
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һ軭֮˺ǺһЦӼŵıǵĶӣõ羸һλˡ
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Ӳ֪ģǼϸɤһ̲סͷȥȴŸѼ⵶һһ½ԸƤпһ㡣
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ŵٳ١ҲܡϦ⣬ԭϣĿ촹
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ԩҳҷңһԲۺɱ¶Ŀ֣ѪĽĿҴҹ˹ҡЦɵȴǶŲ¡һ͸ǰһҡɽ꣬Цǰġ
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ݣ߳⣬ʮ߰͡˫ĿֱԶ棻ȭʱһԡޣҡͷñѪ顣ݣòáøΰɷ
ĿԣǺЦȴһüͷ漴ЦһһӱӲҪ̤ȥһ㣬ֱ
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´һۣǸᶫӥ֮ʱϵĲӬ
һ㶣ȴת죬ͣһ죬Ҫһ֣㻹ĸң
˵ɤŸ߿ۻֻ˵⺺Щ졣üȴ־飬ͱտڲԡЦ˷תŹļ˵˾ǣұԾơ
һͻȻͷХһʱʿԾӦ͡ǣ
ɽӣ¡¡׳ƣΡΡ̩ɽ㣬бӡ
Ӽʱֻ̣˫һĵǴʱӾٱɱ˷Сֱ۽Уûˤȥ̧ͷһȴֻ֡۽ǺЦ΢䡣УΪ⡣
ﰵ棬תͷȥͼӺһһ¾ʿ㶼ס˿ڡǾһ
ǰЦһӵʿǸǰˡ
ָգҾ˵ˣ㲻ɱңȻڣ
һ֣ϲк֮£ҲǸΪս±ɱǿ£ֺαѪݣմǰҲΪŽɽ룬δܱ֮᣿
۾ɣ㣬Һһб£Ǿٴһܣ
ֺǺһЦʿҽӭǣӱҹ㶯ǹǡ
᣿
ǴӴ˴ǰΪǽ̸֮صɱ˷Żġǰһԣ¹Ĺݴѧʿ֣ӭִӹһУ۳Ͷ١֮ңЩǡȻ±ƣһзЪϢ
һʣ㵱Ҳ᣿
һЦӢǷȻǸҵġֻҺ£һСģѪ岽
Էǵŭһ²ӣɫɲͷֹЦӰӣ˴·ǧǲҲѷˡҳйĻͨ˷뾩Ϊֱ߾ȶֺαʦԶأ˵쿪˫֣Ǻ޲˽
ײһǰСֻһЦùҲͷһۣгɣȴһԲһһУ档
лᣬһ˽˳ǡЦݿ䣬ЪϢȴǾãԺӲãڵдͷ˿̵أ񻨻ľΪΣ׶ο滨ŽϷʱʹϹ÷ͱǾϡһСϵ㣬ƮƮƢ
ûʣӺݴһ·£űͷһˬϷ׷״Цְ½ͷ⡣
ȴȥһȦֳſһЦطéһҲס
һ䣬ڿھЦˣӰǶԲסˡԶҲŽ˰ŹװݣȻϲͳ˰ɡ
һۣˣҪҲûõóˡֽȥˣ˲ɬ÷ᣬľ˵壬ҧƽֵɬ
ֻһЦת֮ȥˡһ׵ˣӼѹǹӣֻǵ۾һԲָ־輸֣֡Ļ¶ᡣ
Ҫ¶ЪϢƬ̣ȴд󺰣ˣ
ӿ֣ʾš΢΢һŬ촽ȥɡ
ӲͷƤȥˣкηԸ
һӴأ쵰ҹ
һüëǰЦЦԴ˴˿Щ㣬ԸСҲһġ
Ը㣿һ߿ҧгݵСӣ㵱ڹͷȴɸδɵëͷСң᣿Ҵ֣Ͷӡ
Ӽ˫ĿԲ죬ɺһȴ۾ֻ֣ùȥһֻ߽ǰ׹һǰˣǰ¼ǰ˿
ֻ˫㷢ҡҡ׹һ㡣죬ﲻܡ
սȻҽҵʿǹڳ⣡֮㲻˵˵ߣ
ûü˵ǳЦŽˣỰӰҲʿڳӪͨʹ䲻֡ǳˣĪǣ˯һˣҪرܸԣ˵գգ۾С˳ʰһöϧˣ̣Ź֮˵ʳүүҪأ
˲ʿͶЦԸļױҲڿ͵Цһˣͺݺջ֣Ҳܣ㵨Ҫ
⻰˵ӵ°˿ҹȻñͨϸҪɾͱֱٲˡӰҿӺ㣬źŰɡ˵հڰ֣ȥˡ
Ŀɿڴת콻ӣǲŭޣһݰɭɭģͲҿֻСӵ£ԡ£Щİɡ
ģһֻӣںȾƲӢ۱ɫ˭ǺˣЩǻ
һüиӲȤȴֲΥֻаԽп࣬ʵʵŽȥźˡ
ȴ˵ֳݷ־ͷۣ;ͷЪϢһеǰЩ¶һԣ̧ۼǸſڡ
ŷһ۲ϾƿţǴ˿޵Ц۽һ͹ȥˣ
ԴʰˡϸɤⶾͷǴ̶
ֹ֣ˣȥȿڲɡ
һۣͻȻѹԴˣˡӼ˵仰
׵ԭǹųģѵҲӦá
ЩȥҲû˼ƴƴм˵أôϸЩԸӹǣֻⲡԸġ
ϸϸһӣչһݣ˵ǡ
üͷϾƿ˫˹ȥԴˣǻϽūġ
ֽӹ򿪣ֻĶ棺û˵ģ
һۣǺܲٻ˵ءȴЦˣūԣһ̫ʦͽҪ
⣬ݣҲȻ˵ǲ˵
˼̲סͷչְ׾ӣ̾Ͷȥˡ
΢΢һЦͷƿӱ̾òᡣ
λ٣µҪȴǵøŹǻֵûϸһƿӣ̫ʦۿֽ˹׶Σ»ءɻͷ Ÿӻɹ˵

ʮ

λٽտˣС϶¥ʱСҵŸһǴҪ˵һЩʴ¼ڴˣ뿴ǹͣ
ɫȽȽ޹絴߾ૣƻӳűɴȾ֬񿪷ţһηԣ˵˫˯㣬ҡ߳Ҷԧ죬ǡѰ·ת򣬷棬޼βȫͩҶ
ϻ˵ɽ˸ϾƿӾͻãпҪˣȥ᣿Ǵģ˿ҪӵҲˣȻõŻϵּΪϡֻǸĶȲʥּҲǿͣС϶Ǵֱ֮ˣȻ벻͸Ǹ˼Ҳ˴գҲЪϢһˡ
ЪϢֺ˵ĶЪϢȥأǱˣɸһƬưܣҲûסȥԭѰ˸۵ģȴĻ֮¶׶նס羸ϣȻв㡣˻ּҪ񲿣ʹõ⡣
Ƕãٸܻ֮иүЪ֮˵ΡΡˡֻƽղǸԱСЪֵõģʶס
ֵҲںЩȥ۾ȴӵƿӳ񡣸ſ۾ϸϸǸƿӡ
ԼĪһָߣһָڿƿխСӯӯķ۲͸Ź¾һĨɫϼƿϣ͸ģ
ָΧƿתһȦһ᲻ءЦˣͷװĶ֮ࡣ;ЩȤŻУĿСƬ̡
һۣ־ŻƮƮǻ˴ǰ
ѩĿҰףǧɽˮ졣֦ԫҰԺᣬѻͷ£ꪲн첻ذӯ
ͷѩñ׹¿ھȥǵǽƻѾûʳˣͶ
ӣ˵ԷĽëûءʿǰνɻʲһϣץסı˵ǽ彣
۾ӹˢһ֮ḧָһһ졣͵ͷǺöϧˣϧˡ
ÿϧģٷŴӹЦٺõĶǽǵ˵ѽԭȵ˲ãǾͻһ
ǺһЦ⽣ŻʣǺиʣСӽҿǹƨֻý᣿ýľͶǾ᣿˵ŽһϵĵҾͲýǵãһȥᶼûˣ
ٷ򳤵ͷ˵ǣЩ˹ŪƤӣһսƨ
һƣ壬˵ǻҪã
أ忴
˷ܵһ֣ȻǳһٴȥŸս˵ʵҲǴλģûæŹܺԼ¶ȴҲӲӲճССҪȥϻܣ
˵ǰתתӵӰ˵ٹҪˡʱѩ·Ҳߡ
˼ǷŹǣҡҡͷʿֻսģûȴģ
Ҫ˵ᣬΧлһü£
峯ԶѩҹݺӰɷһ⻰ͷģѩľ͸˲ãء
һ֣ɰһٷʱоͳȥ⿴һƬңΧӪʻǱգǱƵڵءԸĴҲΧڵзУվɱеʿˡܣѩƬ׷ף𣬺ɱϡ
ǰһϣϴŵЦλ᣿ʧúúöġսЩʡ˰ɡ
һ㣬㲻ǡ
ҲǱͷɽأְˮ۽ԸСЩס᣿ᱡף޳ָ⸧ŪϵļҪӵǲءĩҴıǺǡ
عͷٷǱǹܵģ
ЩСˡһ֧ұʮ֮һҪʤȻҪදӡ
ܣҷ²ʿɴ۾
գգ۾ΧʤѶЦɲǣץҲٱءֻӰǶĶأ
Ȼǡ
ȻǹѺӪУѽĸλӢɱˣЦŰ֣ۼұͷ᣿ûţ㲻һ˵ġ
Ŵ죺⣬⡪˵űתͷ˵ģ
ٷ򳤱ͷȥӣˣۿǡ
Ҳ»ʮ꣡˫Ŀ죬Ҫװ׵ֽӢۺú˵űγҪ
ʿ׷׵ǰһһת֮ҪɱǰȴϺЦһıƣһɣһƿ֮漴ұһ顣ץס䵽ϡΧʿһӵϽڵϡ̧ͷͼٷ򳤽Ź
һҺ͸㲻Ϊᱳң
ͷȴ˹ȥǳǳЦӰѵ֪λҲһĺѪͳ᣿
Ŵ۾˺ܴĲŵӣǺˡ
˶촽еǰӣеʱ֪֪Щ
ңҧгݵСزӢۺú
ЦˣӹȻǸˬˣ۾಻ɳӰֵ㣬 ԹǺ˳Ϸ˴˾ˮˮҳû٣ӢΪ᣿ҳԸͿ̿Ըͽ⡣ȴʨӴ󿪿ڣ̰ƣҷһãһ̣⽫˸ϾɱҲӢΪ᣿
ʱˣԷʿɱԹ˺ֱײ·Ҳҳۣ֪η
һգȴԲץסңΪ
תȫǾȣӣ㻹᣿ָܵ캮ض˭ԸսʳҲ˰ɣԵñȴʿڳᡣֻԼ󣬷ıǳƥ֮£ԳӢۣЦЦ
촽ͷȴһջںޣ̲סתͷݺݵסһɶһ¡ȴȥЦαأкѪҲдġοĻƽ𣬲ǱӢ۵Ÿʵ᣿
һ⻰ʱ޵һҪҹģͷҲҪſģ
ŵһ󣺡󣬴ˡ
Ǻǣû¶ֵһЦ㰲ĵġȥɡ˵һ
ٷ򳤲ŵĿֵЦ㣬㡭˵굹£Բ˼顣
һöضѪߡ
ֲϵѪŹЦЦлл᣿ڲ㶯֡
ĬƬ̣漴ҡҡͷΪҪл㣿ͬӥҪлʨһ˼顣
ֵͷ˵ǣһᱳѵﶼһֻӰһֻ۾ӥȴֻʨƤѡ
ᣬأ
Ƿ滨ϣǵԼǸʱ̧ͷһ֣棬ءǣ꣬һֻ˭áˣ޿ᡣ
ͬһʱ̵Ҳ۾ͣǰȣһǸƿӣЦˡ
λٰ֮£ľһ֡εľһԵ֡ǻԵɺϣι¡Ԥ֪Σ»ءݸϲԪ ǰɶ塱˵

ʮ

λ٣ºλ˵ҩλ˵ߣ˵ġ߶Ŀ˵ǣ¥λ˵ۣп˵ġ
ţ˵ͷзɳɷ𣻵˵Ԫأһ̬ǻа죬а顣ˬʱȻǿɽˮЦȻ࣬ǱǹȪ̹ʱ˾̹;ʱȻӰ졣
ϻ˵ɻ񲿣ϥʹɿЦһû¶һµóſְڰҪȥȴ˺һ䣺Դˣ
ЩɣּЩЩȣͻعȥһ֮£ǸƷٸӡŹ⿴棬;΢΢һʱЦˡأ
üĿͦӢһ罣µһ˫ɫձѥһڰһ˫ǷЦݣů紺硣
ǣ
Цͷ⳩ִ档
ЦԪԪԪ㣡
˭ǵ鏈ͽĶӣһp֣֮pˡ֮ͬھУҵɱֻӹֱЩٳϵķӭ֮һŲмΪ֮ʶҲЩΪѹʿ֮ɳգҲǽ֮ΣֵϿأͰ˱һְ黹ǴϡģʴˏÿμŤһּǾϽΪˣβΡ˵⏈һıʮ巽ȢסǺϲǫͣҲྴϧ߽սƵŵŵpӡ
Ѱ˼ңȻٰ谮⏈ȻЩӵȴһŵpʱЩǳÿղѩ˪ҪʱֲԵвֻ˵ϰԭΪǿ壬ɳʱ̫ƽսϣϰ֡Ҳֻ֪࣬Ĳŵpϰһ¶Ȥȱȱڶ鼫츳ģǹĿʮʱǳڳ£ſɲμӿƿһ֡ͿֶӲꡣʮʱŵpӦԼڣԪʱ˽̾ѡѵƣǫ֮ͣ磬пڽԱͯиԪˡ
ŵpһֻԪʱһԴˣҪȡЦ
۾һ£죿Ƿܹİɣ
ŵp̧һ棺ܺ죿˵ʱϸ켸֡
̲סֹЦûǴ㷭ȥ͸öʮ˰ɡĻԺϱ
ŵp֣һϺƵģңԴˡ
΢΢һ漴Цˡ
λ٣Ȼ׳ۼ࣬Цص۸Ȼһ䣬ټŵpģɸж͵Ϊǹң߲ãֻûˡ㼱ҴѰ᣿
ŵp濴ԴˣǰӦйңҪҺȾء
΢΢һ㶣Ը뾩ŵp;þòԸȥԸӦģû뵽⺢ӾȻˡ
ʵҲŵp꣬ȻС֮ͬв𣬹ʲϳɣнŵpˡŵp׵丸ͽ̵Ҫʵĳӡ״Ԫ֮ȻʻΪٶΪáʱĵԾЦף˲ίһ֧ʣûһġǳ֮ġȻΪȻҲĻޡ
ֶλԪŵpľ丸돈ͽǹʽ֮ʣʴʱЩŵpڳ֮ºȤʱʫŪࡣ֮Ϊ֮ʿĸ֮ŵpװмΡ˽Ȼֿʼ糤ۺŵp಻ԺңֻΪ˰ˡ
˵ŵpһޱ꣬ȵۼݱ»ʵǻǨٳƱáλȴǲϲ²ƫУƺ¶Ҳ޹ء
˵ֱᣬŵpֻ˼飬ƽһθϳӣһƪԡ丸ս׿֮ҡϿ֮󳤳̾ɵˣҲɰȥˡûջس
ŵpԣβءշתЩþ̾Ϣһ⡣ŵpŲ⾪ȣﲻѰֽһţϸϸĦգԴٲһһıˡǰ˵мЩǰĺñӣȥ̽áһ˵ֻˣŵpпϲʴһ·
ϸϸһЦˣǴ˼꣬ñСʱҪЩһǵͷؼʱϺ˵ġ
ŵpЦҲ֣ҿ˲ǺЩϵľɼУͷ۵ëɺЩ
ֻЦ㣬¶ûˡߣȾȥ
˵Ż˿һתͷȥ羸ɫ粻ںͷ
ŵpԾɿүˡ
ֻǺһǼ񡣲˵ߣҲ˵к¶ֻֻ۾ˡ
̾ЦЦԪȥЩ񡣡
ɲңҳŴ˻¶Ҫ죬¾ȶλӣٺú˺ŵpգգ۾ﶼЦ⡣
ֵͷҲáҡҡͷϼңɵԼ¡һ׼׼
ǣζáֻҪŴˣһ׼ŵpǺһЦְһ羸תߡ
һ·Զת񲿵Ժӡ
羸󵭵Ѿǲһ㣬崺ǽ˿Ÿˡͻˣúúһ֮᣿
ֲ𻰣ֻͷߡ羸һӦЩãݷģϣֵǸģûΪ㣿ҪҶ㲻ĵģҾ͡
ĥįֻ̄ܽƵǰһԼѰЩᡣһۣüͷͿֹţȴʵʵĥī
һһӹϸϸӲġ̲ס̸ͷȵʱ뱱ǩ ʱĹãͲüЩϻ᣿
ͷûֻ̧ëմīֽд죬ȴڲµЩͶµ᣿˵ˣʹЩ¶
ֳţֻһһдˣͣϸϸˡϼһ룬ָ˼תϣͷ͵˰
ͷһŵøϿ£үǧꡪ
һתۿү㻹
һٽţúúãߣ
ȴסүȥδ
ûүȥĶҪɣ
ֻһЦүˣ¹ֻ룬ү빬̫ʺʰĻ
᣿һȴ뵽Ȼû밲̫ͦãʺ󲢲ʴҲܲȥͲȥġ
ֻǰڰֽǷְȥүм仰ܲ˵˲⣬һҪ˵
忴һɫأүǸλӣʺͰˣ̫ȴҪ˵ġүǸλӣᣬҲҪˡ
һüλӣ
ֿһۣͻȻЦˣûᡣͽӵݵϣۼ̫ʺҪϵġͷүҴȥɡ
岻ӹȴˣϳһ
ȴ۾ЦˣͲһȴ̾Ҫӻˣԭҳ벻棬ү¶
һһ㲻Ҫһƫȥ׳ȥˡ
ֿӰЦģȴĵ̾
λ٣־дϣ⵱ҹ¾֮ԼΣ»ءƼ Ци¡˵

ʮĻ

Ի
ǧɽѹ´塣껪˪˿仪꣬⡣
λ٣ϻ˵羸빬ʥְЩ¶ɫ³šȻ羸ϻѣ¾ߡ
һ·Ϸڴţе㡣־ͷһŵһҿ䣬žѵֻԸסɽǲʱշš
ϵıֵЦˡҪʵܷ¾һС뵱뾩˵̫ʦϣɰﶼʼ̫ӽ齣ˣҲˣƫѳΪ˳ͻ
Ҫ˵Ҳ˵¶
ʶһ𳤳ɣʱ¶̹顣΢ǻΪۣ˱仯ֻŻʼްҲ棬ͿԶЩκ˳ɻĿܼ֮Ҳ֪˺¶л˼е¶ǲ˵ˡֵҲףվǻϣܲ°ˡֻϧһ¶塣
жӣʺȻ΢ֲ֪ΪΣܾĸţϧ֮ġ΢δǻ֮ʱֱ׽ֶЩ΢ǻżԴǼѣԼˣ΢Զ˰ɡ
ţҲһЦ룬ԭҲġҵ¶ֺα˵ӵı֣ǻ˵ᣬˡ
ĳԱһּЦԴˣ
ֻعͷŵpЦһɫŰ϶ӣЦݡҲЦˣ㵹ɡ
ɣŵpЦһָ󣬡ǰֻ˵Լȴ˸֪ʱʱѳ񲿡ֻڶ¥ǰšԶԶͼŴˣȴǾֱȥˣѹûң
һ㶣ɻһ¾ӵʮ⣬ЦˣǸ
ŵpҲˣһʱˡ
Цһأһͬ¾Ӷ¥£Ȼ롣ŵpС÷Ӿɡ
ֺЦϣŪЩ
ŵpüɫҵգҳ˵ˡ
ҧһ׵ӵǺãڼ˶ã
ŵpЦҡ֣ȡʵϴȿĸʱٷڱﶳˡҪʱȡ¹ٳ
֮ٳϣΪ㻹ڳԭӡЦҡͷԪ㽫˵ľѧϣ¡
£ŵpʼ磬˼
ֿסЦҲǣԪ£ν档
ŵp̾¿ӣԴˣ˵ĻҾúǲֵ
᲻ֵ
ǧŵһңıҲСӰˡŵpҡͷԵͷĲգм£ͷķӭ̰ٶˡҪǧţѡ
ԸꡣֻȤִߴ˵
ŵpſӵͷ˵ɡһ֮֮ϣҲԴӡһּʶȵԴľһţ˻Ǹ֣ҳǻǻϲʲ壿ŵpһ˵꣬žֱҲǳæס˿ڣϸϸɫ
ɫ糣ȿھƣ˵Ĳǳӣǻء
ŵp޲֮ɫ̾⵹ҲǡأҪϲѣѵͬĻϡҪǧŵĻϣǵ龫ǣСҪ֮࣬ú޵µȥ֡հհգס
ֻЦ˵ļǣǣƣ˼λϣأ
ŵp˫žƱȲǲҲǣηЦԴˣûҡǹ׶۵¶ʷģҲһç᣿
ֿһۣԪֹǫˣ⳯ʹҰһĲſ
ŵpЦһҡͷԴˣ⻰ûԵ˼
һۣңĳ£ԸֲԸˣ㵹Ǹ֪ء
ŵp̾ԴˣҲź˵һ䣬ߣ˰ɡ
ֲŭЦԪ˵úãҲ˵ˣ߲߰
˱㲻ûŵpһۣ˱Ҳ߲ˡ
ֺǺһЦҿɻǵǷһپƣⲻǻ᣿ҿɲǷء
ŵpһۣþò̾ˣǻˣҾ;һҲӷϴɡ
ƹѲŵpЩ⣬ֳ΢ЦˣҼǵʱ㻹δ䣬ˣ
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۾ҿɼǵǰС㡭
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λ٣Ԥ֪Ļ˵Щᣬ˵Ǻ⣬»ءʧ ʧ˼ࡱ˵

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λ٣Ԥ֪Σ»ء ԹŶܡֽ⣡

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ĽͬЦĺĺװ
̾ٷܰ빲ʺǣüǧһΡ
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΢õȵ᣿Ҳıӣǣ֮£˭˸ԣǳܿܵС޺ãѵ᣿
ȻֲȻһЦһ֪߹룬񾡡
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ֿɱңȻڡĪҪˣҵΪ
΢΢΢һȴǷŭ֣һΪϲ˵ȵ۰ԼҪˣԼҲ˵ɱˣ
ֵЦţǻϣҪ޿ɺǡҲױʬ
΢һ۾ȻأΪѾˡ
һ㶣΢ǸƿȻҲġ
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΢ȴƽѹסڿϽҵ᣿
ֵ΢ָ֣ұ㲻ԼޣΪҵϲʵ᣿
Ŷ΢ȴһɨ㰸ϵ¯̨ɨϣһѰ档
ֻͷһ۽ǳЩ˲֪ʱѾ˳ȥ֮ҲѾˡͷ޴Ļ̿Ϯ֪˵ᣬֻǵӡ
ûף΢ѽסĶҾҪڿ֣΢Ҫģ
λ٣˵쳣Σ»ءѱ 쳾Կʡ˵

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Ի
ĺʱҵɽȥ¥ͽ˼ס
λ٣ϻ˵ϴֵ̫һԲϱ㽫̨ϣֽסҾҪڿ֣΢Ҫģ
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΢΢ЦȻ޲磬֮߳ģȫޣԣҲޣ
û΢Եȵۣ
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΢ãɣ㵱ȵǺˣƳ㸸ףȴػǲ֮ʣҲ΢΢ЩᡣֻϧģȻҲǲġ
Ҳöҧгһ䡣
΢һƴϣ۵úһȴæסڡ΢Цɣ㰮ȻֲǷǺڰףҲ㡣ǹûǲףұˡȻαԶԶĶ㿪أ
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΢̽ȥ֪᣿Ҿͽˡ
ֻ亹ͷ£˿̱ǧ಻ܵСʴ˹עһ΢΢ǣֻ᣿
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΢ҧס䣺٣û⣬Ҫְ
δ䣬ȴֲ֪ʱҧסһλתͷ΢һʱ죬ͷϰһǣһæҪܣϥľʹ˫ֱţһˤڵϡҲ˲ֻۣһͷӳȥΣܲǰǰ
΢ŶǣѪŭƽȴӿɺݾתͷһȴڵŤӡ΢һЦ߽һᣬǰ谮ûж֣㲻Ҳ᣿
ֺȵ󵨣
΢һֳŭĿȫȻ֮ɫȵ۴Ӳӣӻ᣿ң޷ǹֶ޷װӣ޷ΪΪҸףˣ
΢ˣΪλ᣿
תͷȥͷŵɢҵλֻΪͶ·֮ʱܻ˭ᡣټаթһĺá
΢ЦŶԣԣм㡣
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΢һ㶣ȴҧסǰǽĸϣ
ŤҪ㣬΢һѿסļӲ˻ֻ̨źһƬʹ̲סϰ˾ˡ
΢ ЦУأأ˵űͷתȥָͷǿⲻ᣿
ֻȻֲǾֻǼߡ΢Ķݺҧһڵɣֻ㰮ˣ־͹Ҳϲ㡣
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һͣסӣЩ·ɡ
һۣգգ۾Цˣӣһ絹мǱ˵
ͷƤñװֻǴĿһЦһڴ֮ʿʿˡ
λ٣Ԥֽֽ֪ΣΪλȥ»ءçԭ ҹ̽Ӫ˫ۡ˵

ڶʮ

Ի
Ա̲ۻƣ߽ããȺţӶӹ⡣
λ٣ֻɽݳ졣ţߣҰϻơԭȻ⣬ԶɽѩǱ磬жԡ
ת˲࣬˹ͥˡǰǲҷչ۲ݸǽУ԰󣬶˵ǳɱˡ
Թӻֻ˵Ǵ˴ȥͣ㽫ڲӪ˼ֱʿʳӣҲɵԸӪҴܡ
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һ룬ӱ˾ģǹβҪȥһװſڱʿһۣ˵ĵԻʵӡȴҲ˵ᣬֻ
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һۣҪӡ
ӷԸˣҪȻ㡣Ǹʿһ̧֣γ
ӴŭǸᶫҲҵҵ·һǰߡ
ʿȻҵɱҲͽЩɴ۾ͦƵһƾȻˣһѶ䵶ϡǸҲȻӺ޵ҧгݣһµӣִҪǰҺľһҲùΪزӿˣ
ֻһݺ۹Ĵת뿪صԸӪԽԽʹҪɡ
ػֻʱӪʺͷձ˳ɫȻδʵĿСĵĻιֱӹĴʶȥ
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ллӥжֿɲһĺꡣ
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Щŭ˼᣿
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ˣ漴ЦӿҲЦˡ
λ٣Ԥ֪ӱҪ˵ỰǸвƵᣬ峯ԱҪ»ء߶߶ ħħ֡˵

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ʱ·϶ԭѣյ̫ʦϢ̫Ȼʱ֮ȥʱҲҪɱ͵ģҲ㶯֡۾ʴֻжͥڼ䷽Щġ
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λ٣Ԥ֪˭ȥǼ¶»ءǹʤ ɽˮ˵

ڶʮ

λ٣ϻ˵ŵǰͷ羸̶飬֪ǰʴ˴ǰȥӭһƥβ󣬵˶ǰͷס羸
ӯǳ;оƣɫȻʿ˫Ŀһͷ̾ǵ洫ʿűսʱһ޶
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۾һ㣬ǴңҲӴ˷Ϊս¶΢΢ɿ
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⸥ӿ˵׼СΪϡ
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ҲҡһЦŻ䣬˽һ˱ֱŵĻ̫ʦʹ˵Ĵ¡
ӱͷȥˡֺһȥǴιҡҷɪɪ
λ٣Σķ˶ٰƽϣܷ⣬ܷԸ»ءƶѱα ۼΪʵΪ顱ֽ⣡

ڶʮ

λ٣ǡˡƣ񣬱ر죬ڵأڹ񡱡񡤴١أְܴڲƽ֮˹ʾ֮񡣱̫ʷʷǡ顷Ҳ˵죬µأ¡ʦ֮Ҳǳʥͣɽǳʲ㶼ԿΪݡΪ֮֮򲻿С
Ǻ˾й֮֡롢롢֮ǹ֮䣬þ׼ֵ黶ģ¸𢡣֮أи֮
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λ٣ж˵ǺǣĴ˿׽ֻ˱ΣЩȾıʿִΣ»ء뻢ıƤ ѱ桱ֽ⣡

ڶʮ߻

λ٣ϻ˵ֻһױˣԸѣ׳⡣ñ㽻ӻڣҲӪʡСĴȻһߣ⿴رɲ١֮Ѱ˳Ҳ¡
ǰУֱԶһѩ̵ɽͣľһ޼ʵȫǲãԭҰҡҷУţ̲ȻԵáֻһ£ӪԼ򲽡ֻü˼ⶥһƣ۾Цˡ
ȴҲǴУֻѩɽСеһĹʼϽЩȻ˫һջģ־ϥҲ۵ýֻÿſЪϢһ֮󣬱ǰСֱеǰָ˹ѵɵĴ̨ǰͣס
ΧŸʯֱϾ졣̨ٲԼ㣬Ϊһƽ̨һʯ̨Լһ˰볤˿а߲ɫۼɹܣ·йɴ̱ǵѪ֮ӭ
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ֻϥ˼Զѭȥһƥɫ۶ԽԽ۾Цˡ
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ڲԭӾҪʨһ϶̳ӥ
ˡִ׹΢ǸСӡ
㿴󾱣СӣµСӡ

ˣǺ˶һСǺһЦû㣬Ҳ˵ЩģδӦʣû
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Ƭ֮󣬶ŵ˻֮Ǳȥ̨ϣЦݣ۾üȴֿԼͷͶȥֻطμѪӿǰת谵ڤڵϣҧĵҲҪȥ
λ٣־Ҫ˭ԴԸԸԴȥⱱǻ˵˭أǲأ»ءĿתѱ Ц¶˵

ڶʮ˻

ʫԻ
ǧɽɣս˻ء˷˪ҹҹñȪˮж׹գһլðбţ
λ٣ǰ˵жѰ壬˱һͬ˴ʣ϶С
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һ룬ҲԾ裬;֮أȴּжʿԸҲ彣ˡ־ϡ棬˿Ứˡ
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ԭж⣬ЩȣüжȴЦһ롱ֻ֡úЦСжҲͷȥˡ벽ĵⱱӱҲк粻ɣЦʮ־Ӧԡ
ͷȴǹϹƮζƳϻһֻˮɫͷֻ״ɲ롣
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ֻóл˹ȴüֻģͨľ롣ʹĿϸϸŷǴƣͷƵɻͼɶ칤ЦӱҲء
ѹˣûѹ㰡ж֣ҿɲǹģ˵үϲɻŪתóһѽӲλεĶ
Ƕһ۲üĵܲᰵŪϹԸ۾ΪΪɣȴжү뿴
ۿȥȴǴСһƱ֮ࡣһͷӳպɻչͷ»һͷǴͼٻһܽޡϦͼǵ񹤾ϸκǶ̱ʯʯ˿£Ƕˡ
忴һѶЦõ᣿
ж֮ǰΪ̵ĹϵǵˣڲˣҺύѣ
һ㶣ֵӴֻСϾǺˣֻ²׵Ҹʡ
߲ߵģǳñҸЩأжʼ磬ҴǸԽҲѣ
˭˵ѣ;ÿЦĵ޲ʱأӣǺͿˡ
᣿жգ۾Ǵڵʱÿ졮ֲ֡ڡжתӣ˵ϴӮңȥǾǵģ˵Ҫȥֻȥˡ˵ȥˣԽдⲻã
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ԴʧɫжȴͷЦģλԽ˵飬һû˿
۾˵أ
жͺǺЦŵλԽҲһкҪ顣ӥɱ׼˲ŴϷ᣿
ЦˣֻλΣһֻ룬ҳ壿ⲻܡ
ᣬټһֻжЦǺǵġ
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忴һۣͻȻЦýëȻѹҲҪС㡭ұ㣬ϴػذɢҵļлΪĻ˷ԣ
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Ц˵ĹȻȴһЦȻأ
Ȼ󣿡жʼ磬ȻҲ֪˰ȥ˾ǣˣܸˣҲˣȻˡ
ϸϸţüϾᲢδж˵ı龰ⱱƫСӶЩġڹ˵ϻ뾩̫ʦӴԸûƾʵݣҲ֮һˡ˵ⱱһ߶һĴɵʵж᣿
жЦҡ֣üˣ˵־Ͱü㻹Ǳѧĺá
ЦЦСأ
жһЦӱֻܿвļ伴ɡ
һüͷǾ𣺡ˣС㹧ˡ
жҲЦЦһӶЦ
λ٣жҪŪ¶Щᣬж˵ֲɣ»ءǲ ȴꡱ˵

ڶʮŻ

λ٣⺮治塣ѵùĿЦԳ˵ˡϻ˵жһ̸˼ƽϣҲͻԸӪʡ˭֪ȥŷ־ױѳ⣬Ҳ֪ȥ˺δһʷã֮ǰǶӪȴҲ֪ȥ˺δۿɫڳнȴ޼ƿʩֻð˼ֽýʿҹɫ̽ôݾߡ
ۼҹɫûֵϢֻȹϵϣȴ򶨡ĵǻ㡪
ûΣȴиʿ˸Ǻֻ˵Ǵӹ͵ģѾˡ Σֻôһȴڵ¡вһòƲأȻȴɫüͷսȭͷһңһֽǺˤڵϡ
ֻǰҫĿһüͷ΢΢תͷ͵ؾѣ͵ɴ۾ĵ޴ꡣ
ǰ֮˵һЦϵĴ׺½˰򣺡ԵúأԴˡ
ܵҲܺá
õأ
طţ٣ܼŸˣҲ¡ЦǺǴżղָء
ӿһԴˣл㲻˵ˣ᣿
ֿŲǸСʣĵԸľˣЦҲûᣬصˡأͳˡ
ЦԴˣ浱С᣿
ҵɽзһյǧ꣬ѵһ˯ʮʮ겻ɣ
Ӻ޵ŵǡĵ¿ηΡҺ⽫Ȼȴ˵
ϵĽɵѵãȵң
Ӻһ㵱°ɣкκ˵
̾ҿ㣬ӰҪѧĻءͻϸǵĲǱ̺ʽǱ߾ೡһõ֯Ӹ߹Ȼǿյġġǹ͸ģҲá
ɫ䣺᣿
ֵһЦɻǵҵʱ˵ʱղȴҼһ¶ĸ ϸ֮ϴĴģҲ˼ˡ
ӿһҪ˵᣿
ѣɷ򲻾Сڣ̬Ҳ޿ɺǣֻϧУʳ񡣡
ӺһԴˣ治⻰˵ɲҪ¸ڹߣгݡҪллԴ˸̧һء
ŵгһʲ֪Ϊɫһ䣬ǿЦЦԼ޿ɾҩˡ
ԴˣɲãϼߡӺһͲмüͷ
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ãӦ˶ѿʵֵүʧ̬ҲûˡǼ붼ţ֮࣬ٸľż֮࣬ò׼𺳾ò˰ɣ
תͷ˳̨ˣȻⱱⷢս͡
ЦгλԴǴ򽻵Ҳһˣ²ʿҲǼģ磬һϺˡԴ潻ģ˵
ͷŻ֮ˣֻһϢʱӦ˸ֽأӦǹķˡǸ²˵ᣬԺ󡭡ҲԺˣ
Ҫǰִ§ڻԾһ۾ɫ粻ֵҶҲղͣһʱ֮ϲҲпԭ
Щ֮һ߹ڣ
ЦЦҲǼԴ˵İɣ˵˵ǲǣɲɱˡ
߽һۣŭĿӣֻһЦشǣ
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ҪģӢˬԴˣ
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廹ˣȴתͷȻ羸˱㲻бʿǿǲѰġǡж䣬ɼ鲻ϲǣֻͷǣ
ŭֽţ
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ľһ߹ʿ׷ÿ忴ŭĿࡣһһеǰһۣͻһʿǰ
һ䣬˽ԾжһЦ˵Ҫأ
̾ıԻˣ۾סˣӥΪһðȻȥģ㿴׼᣿
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תͷжжȫЦ˿ͷѣ¶ͷװ磬û뵽ɣ
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һüҪ粵һ̨֣µʿٹɱǣҳΪУսˣ
һʼ磺ɲȿǺ˼аƻ
Χʿߺȣ̤ƽ峯
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һʱ֮Ŀֻ࣬ˣں֮¶λ٣»ءм˼ ׷ѡ˵

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̾ǧ¡Цˣ׷Ȳ̶ɿںʯڡ
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־ϲ¿ţ壬㣬㵱û¶᣿
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Ļ֮ʿһȡͼһӢ׿Ȼ֮ԴˣҲ̫ˣѰ˳־ݱʱռѡ㵹ãȥüŷֵѡ᣿
ȴ˵ң˵ҵʮ֮ģȻڲֺǺЦţ˽ӲŻĺѪɫǱ档
ƫ־ݳɽӳҲٳݡͷѣ¶ֻǳٳݣʱҪγ϶ɡ
ʼ磬󾪣ԭЩ᣿
ְڰ֣Ҳû뵽ҪһСһ浣ģ֮ʱǧ䣬ҿɾĳˡ
Ļһɱ㣿룬طһ̫ʦüһǱüɲֺ᣿
ֻһۣ㶼ã˵ǵûʵĵ
Ļһ㻹˵ҪңأԴˣ
򹪣ЦĻ˦ӻû˦Ҳٶֻб۾棺죿һһ䣬ǰж·첻Ӧеصز鰡
ֺǺһЦ˲ֻ֣֮һˡ
˵ĻˣҲתתһ֣ż̨ͷ͵һ˱ϡϡ֮һ̱ǵζʱɢķ֪˭һɤӣҩ
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ж촽Ҵ𻰣ֻӡȴҽŲʹ㻥˳ż̨ȥȴײǰˣҡֻ˻˻ߵȼ֮ȴֲúʱըֻըδ̽ǰǰֱڱϣĻҲóһӣиߺٸ
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һ㶣ȴͷȻҵжʬǷѪģˡһӱǰסСġ
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֣˵᣿ĻͷǻǶ˵϶ɣǣǼϵģΪƫЩ¶أ
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¹֣֮ԣԴˡ
΢΢һЦ˵Ҳʵ顭кκùġ
ԴˣԼұֻһˣ治Լ𡭡
תͷˣԼһǻʼˡлʼҲнյԼңûԼңʼһǻʼҡ
³ĬƬ̷ѹȵۺͻ϶㡣
۾°ɼǵһ
¿ҪˣһЦԴ˺üԡǰȥͷɽǿǼУϵġ
ɲǣ˵թǶ˵ʹáҲգֻʿɱֻһЦ֪㻹˵ʹ᣿
¿ס۾ʹã
ŶζһЦԸꡣ
ͬһɣ̫Σա治ɫʱоǧͷɽֻһ
ִĿɲǣ˱֪Ըҡ
»űҡǼûҲǲзϣѵΪԸ᣿
ֺż֮һ漴ЦɲǣΪϸӲ˲Ӧˡ
Ŀת¶ϥǵɴȻǶЩ㣬ֵ᣿
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̾˺οࣿ
ֿһۣǰϱڲԫһƬȻأĪҲɾ͸öг費ɣ
סηɬԴˡְ
ҡ׵ϡ棿ǶΪǳ󣬽Żӡֵȵ쳣ǵͷһ㡣͸ܱղɣ
ֻǴײָ̾Ϣ°ĵǿҵģáʱأñ˿㣬㷢ͼǿӲҪЩ¶ɡʹĿ֣룬أΪŸ
³̾һԴˣְ޻˵Ը
ְһЦԪЩɡ
һ㶣ȴһ죬ϱձһ㡣Ц֣Ҳ˵㲻ҲãԪɵأֻ㡣ǹˣһֻ֪˵㲻˵ֺο˵ƣǻ˵ˣҲò˵һ䡭͸µǵ氮˰ɡ
ԪһֱΪҡ
ΪϲᡣֵһЦɵӣǰȴ־ңѰҿҰף˶Ǵ֮磬ȴҲұ㡣
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ȴˣԪڴٹʹʱ
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װŲ֪ڶ˭ֻˣνҵʤ롭
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һ㶣պޣȴתһΪʵ飬ͲˡֿһۣӰʹӹһӣҲзӰ㡣ֻĶ⣬ұ޼ƿʩ
̲סҺһ
һЦԣһڶ˲ǰơ
Ӳһ죬ֻŹںͷ̽ͷ̽ȴֲҹЦЦҲܣֺαˣĶ˼ȥ
ӵһۣȴֻһȥˡ־ϲ̲סɵЦ
תͷϵЦˣ̧ͷƶ䣬ȴЦ
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Σס֡
˵Ӫ̽Ӹձ񳿱Ϯ򣬴˿мżˣַթ
һüĬĬ
λ٣ۿ߾Ҫ뱱ֶ̱ӲɣǰΪ֮ʣкƲɣ»ءʩСƶ Ұȼҫҹա˵

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ǼĲݳﲻӣЦաɽ飬档
λ٣ϻ˵һʱ̽Щʱ˿мżˣթ
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ϸС𣬷ۿȥǰбƣӭڣżľӳôģһ㣬ǻһʱĽų̡
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ɽգԭȺԮ֮طǰͷսǴüһ룬սپԵ缲ͻϯأͣһȥձص԰ɽżҲַŻմ壬Ȼ֮ʱ⾰±˵ֹ֣˵Ȼ¶ˡ
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칭ǿüóɱޣйн꣬ڶɱˡ
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˵ˣҲˣ⻰ɾ˵ôˡһǹΪϣʵʵټ١
ⲻɾͰ᣿Ǳ߶ֱǸ͹ңʾյġмǧˣҲܲˡɾװ׵ĲŽ˺¡ҲͷԮҲûĵض˴벻ãԽԽ¡ʴһа˯ڶշ
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İױס¼񣺡࣡δݿɼ֮࣬оͶ٣¹Ԯ
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˵ҲС¶һӶ̳ףϵдò϶в֮ӡԾ߷̨ᢴ֮첻룬϶û졣ǶӦ֮յֻáûعϴ졣Ű¼λٷ˵ĵҲʹ
һʱ¡ܵﾲĵģ˸ɫһײڻʵ۵ϡۼûŭδ˭ǰ˵ֻܽԴšϷһͨƢּӦֽжˡ
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򲻾һ٣̫ʦת΢΢֣˱ڳȥ
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С̧ͷֻһſݰףֻ۾һˮЦǡôһֽαһƼ飬Ҳؾصģ໰Ū˵ǿס
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̫һüͷ᣿
СӱһЦ̫ǰСӲҷ
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СͷԴˣҲû仰Դ˸

Ūһ¡С˵ʱб۴̫ɫ²ֵȴǺܾòԴáԴ˳ܲס¶˹ȥڹЪϢղϳء
̫ڰ֣ǲЩ¶ģ˰ɡȴֻһתֻû¶˵˵ЩҲýЩơ̧һЦСҲǸӣŰɣû¶ģеǡ
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ŵpǺһЦҲûģү߲жǰ㣬ʴ˷䡣
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彫ӷŵˣơȴշת಻ð˯ˣȴ֪˵˴ˡ˴ҹû˯ɣֻ̾öʥּڱһӣٻȥ١
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ձͽеڻӵ˵졣ʥּͣ͵۱Ҳϸ̸ˡֻػԸ̫ο顣
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λ٣⻰̫ӱƹ췴ˣ̫ʱ֣˳ʿأģǲ֪ˣĿ׶༪٣Ԥ֪Σ»ءֻİͷ 㵱ˮС˵

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Ҳ羸ٱ췴߾Ͼ裬дòǿӭսģǰͶУҲǿӭУ⻩һ㡣λδů羸þ
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״Ԫڣ׶ѯŶ;һչ֣Ч͢ŵpȴ¶ڵĺá㸸׶ǿͷ˵˵ҪȥΪӴ㱼ߣˡ
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