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ȫꩤ
    һʷʵһ񡢹ٺ޿ӱܵʷ 
ԣŰֳϿǮĪš京ϰյʵǺ͡١һġھȨϡϵʱ˹ٱ񷴵ļһʷʵһ񡢹ٺ޿ӱܵʷ˼Ļ˵һŹպϷ˺ͻɫʷ 
ϾͬרѧߵѧʽоҲרΪԩ߿Ŀ飬ⱾšСƽ׵Ļ渵һŴصķ棬ž۱ǨճҵԼֹٳĻ¹ǮȵȣϸϸСճ硱С˶ʱȤζʱ߾ڻȻʡ 
˵ǰԹźþۡһ𣬱Ȼǳеĵشֱڶ̼°ػţٲַ󣺱¥ԺһԲڻ£ּ˸ɫ˵ȣ̽ϢṩϢд״̸ֽ׵ģһ㣻Ҳҩ̴еĵطΩһĹҽԺԱߣҽԺҽҩҩã￪ͥ󰸴֮࣬ٲ˴һЩҩ̵⣻Ǯׯ֮ȻҲȱֵһǣݡ¼أʱһشСƷꡱദейȻΪعŴҲһܾùֵֻӰ졣˵ǰشǽ𣬲зǳϵˣ궼 
һŵĸżԱã¶ҪЦˡһţжٻٰԱǾ֪һƷ̫үҡʦүԼһŻ֪ʶִģʵͷأȸСȫ̫ү֮⣬νϵ䡱֣֮ЩͷһѽΣһ̯£λͷ֮£칫ǻ̷񷿡ˣ˼壬ҲǸݵģС٣ֱӦѧУӹܾιֵܾȡ˾дȡѲ˾ϲ٣ֱӦŴԺԺɥҲ֣١֮⣬滹ڶСޣǳ˵ʦүʵֻıԱͨͷǻǮҲͷǰ嵽λûҪ£ڣλǰ칫Σ⣬λפפʡ´ĪˡһðһֵǹٳĽˣϰձ˻ǣ߻ʵԶС˶ࡱ 
ĳ񣬱໧˰϶ϰָ֮࣬Ѫ߰ˣӺǿ̰˿֮ʤȤζǣᵽһЩŴٳҲټ񡰴֮࣬ϡϡ¶νǹԱ䣬Щʸ˵ѡһЩ䵽ȥΡɻʵյɴִУʱÿ20ΪһӣźȥһӦһȫ󣬴һ£ֿʼˡȳһȲˣٳ˸˸ȫûϣɡϡ洦һȥ20ˣʸΪʲôе˱ȥһֶ֮࣬еȴԻͬɡͬǳķᡱͷֱ峤աǳ̷СĸֵģһѡбסͷС壻ʣɡСͷ塣ĸֵģһѡĹԱ䷨δˡھʵǼ˴Ǯ٣ٶȻֻһǮǴҳģʱһΣͶʶٸռһǮλáĹôָ񡱡أȻ̶پ̶٣ǧֻΪơ˵ 
Ȼ˵£ڳһϡƱ̬Ǻ׵ģҲǺȻģһǱѰ֮ǻһƽ֮ģԼĵǰ֣Ȼɽɽˮˮֳɽˮбһ黳ʵֶɺޣĹֺ֮γûмֺأҲҲҲգ޷ǶһٶϵĹϣǡٶȻⲻˡΪˡС˶֮Ѷӣ
   
дǰ
һ۵̺ŷḻݵйŴʷĿ⣬ Ҳ šݡ֡ˡǣͨνͥΪáá֡ ʱ佫̡צΪʾǰν족䣬ͨΪ Ϊţֳƶ䣬תΪášͳͳλ  ʽĴơŰֳϿǮĪһʮط ӳϰնһʶ 
һͳηʽĹɶһԪĸϵͳŵķ ͼǸͬġϰܷ񡰽ţʵָϵͳ 棬šªǡǡţͬʷ֮պ Уд塣 
һλҪԡʷϼأԶ ʱҹΪ㽨ƣԺ󾭹һشСķʼͳһȫ Ϊط㵥λĽṹһֱάǧ꣬Ϊֱ ְֹܵĻؼĲ档¶ԣĪ أ϶ԣĪͨضʵʩֳ¡۷ĵλ ʹΪĵݡ 
˾ְƵļԼԡ 㼯Ȱũơϡѧΰ̽ȶһְƣ˷ ͳλЧܵȫκһרְʡѲȲɱġ νء֮˵ԵһеȫλϵͳԵ ɡ 
ظеȶԡǧ䣬Ȩ ֯ʽ ְƶȵȷ棬α仯νԸڸ ȡ޺㣻Ωƺ͹ɷʽûתɳΪȶ Խṹν䲻ڡĹҲָۡ 
ۺ߱Ϊ ŵȷʵҲǶйŴͳνṹһյӽǣ˵ ǹʷ߼ʶй⽨᱾ʼһӦй֪ʶ; 
źǣʷУƵµȻռһ ΪרȻټ(ֵƼ۹Ӱйʷ  šѧֳ磬199912)һ棬ѴС˵Ϸмӻ ˲й ŵ֪ʶȱϵͳͬʱȱʷʶ ӫϷ˵Ͻ֮ƣʶ̾ǱⱾԽ ֪ʶ͹ ȤΪͬʱָƬͼͨ׶ӶʹܽͼĲïʽԴ˻ һȽֱ۵ʶ ˱ʳأʹϰҵ˵ߵġšŵĽдɡ     
һ ի   
ŴŵĹ   
峯Ǭ¡ʮһ(1746)ݰ˹֮֡һ֣ɽ֪صΫ ءΣͷϵּģʳĲҿ죬轵 ַˮΪֵ֣հͶ١һҹϴ󣬾þò˯ һƬžֻдӰ裬죬ɱ档飬 ֣ʫˣбڴϿռһףǺһϵ 
 
ի伲 
ЩСһ֦һҶܹ顣 
 
ӽǻ֮飬ǲġʫһ룬ǻ  ãָξ?ø⾳ʫˣȻһһʵд ڣǾͲʫ䣬ԼӸĶΪµı⣬Ŵŵһڹɡ   
ĹͰǽ(1)   
ŰֳϿԶ׻͵˶꣬žۣ ҪϿΪ¹ϵĽԴ 󡣸÷Щīģ⡰֡ԭʱйõĴңҪ שǽŲбǰɢȥת۳һ30ȵĽǣˡ ״ ųգשǽƺҲŰ죬ͳˡŰֳϿ 
ýϵͬǰİǽҲޱȡϡ֮ȣ Ҫ°ն֪Ļϡʥ͡ڻڰ ǽϡʱɼнٸ ״ͤܩУ֪֮Ҫ֪Զ λһǽڣָʾ𽥴ﵽϢ ġ ʱиأ ÿ211£ʵ۶Ҫ³ڿڡʥ͡һ鷿ͨ ()ƽ()ȫǣͷĩũʱ ⣬ϰÿ¶ ǰ¡ʥ͡һʮ(1519)Ϊ ǽϵġʥ͡ݡ£˵ÿũҵҪεĲ£˵ÿʱ֣Ҫũҵ£˵ÿҪɣϣˡ£˵ÿطȣҪϡ£˵ÿҪЭܲ£˵ÿ죬Ѳص£˵ÿ̳죬Ҫʱ£˵ÿﶼҪߤڻʮ£˵ÿ򺮣Ͻ󡣪ʮһ£˵ÿطȣΪǡ(תӼǡ1)ͨ˳Դ廨ţܲ밲ؼץɻ ˼ŴйũΪĴͳͻȨҪְأԴǽϿˡȻЩҪġʥ͡ö֮ſھͲǰɭ£ ʱʱֿƣΪӡʥ͡Ǹ֡ĳ棬Ҫке ʿһ֣ͬˮ½һ㡣Ⱥӽá˵ʱǿСط ȱٺ쳾ˣÿʥ͡ҪŪЩٺмٵʿλڼλ  ݹʹ»ʵǻʵдġʥּʱץ򣬳 ɮٵиͷλվˣͬǰּ̫֣ô ¡˷ɧ˵ûֵҷ۵ʱأȥѵˣֲ !Χ޲Ц۶(תԡ˵)δݽ (ʷ־)ÿһһֶ֧֮ӣר ʥ͡ڻӭ ˾ ʽôͳһֱϮĩԵݵĵӰ졷Уܿ ĳ档Ȼǰӡʥ֣͡ûΪֹΪ˰ϰ᳹ ʵǰҪٰʥ͡Ļʱ̫Ԫ谵ġƴھҪ дһΪ䡱äĹŴйҲʶ ̸ ϡӡ?ǱҪ⡣ʱеڽ⡶ھģҪǸѧУ ʦǰȥʦٷָأЩŻӵζѡھ ŪˣҲкôߺܶࡣֳ꣬и6С ΪȥſھȻܱ࣬͵ʹڻʵǰ ·Ǯ͵ѧ顣ǵҫҲܲѷںġࡱ (͵ǡʼš6)峯ʱʥ͡ķʢױСʥ͹ѵơʮǡ 1Т2ӺĮ3絳Ϣ4ũɣʳ5нڼԽڲ6ת7Զʿ8Խ窥   
ĹͰǽ(2)   
9ܸȫ1011Ǯʡ߿12¡ѧУԾʿ1314Թ1516ĲԴת⡰ʮԭԺǿԪ谵İ׻ھѶЩǷ ҲΪ˽ʵʼԷṩءک˵ʳ Թ£ԺǿĹС˵ˡʥ͡ݡϰйܽ˵  Ϊ䰸ʥ͡Ϊİġ䰸ҪǮȥλİ ҪǮŻḺ̨ŵƣά򡣹ĭġʱ ʥ͡Ļ䡣дѹӦͨݣǽǰ?ʥ֮͡⣬שǽϻиɫĸʾһǴﳯ͢ϼٸʾ 硶ʷдأǱγ֪ʱʯ䷨ˡ Ǳ ǸĸķɣѲڴĸ﷨ΣҲֻܡ šһǱسٷĸʾ硶êתݷʾ ֹ ɧʾֹѷʾȵȡʾһʽ巢  Ҳġ翵ʮ(1686)ݸζ ŷһ Žᵳиʾǡ֪ϡةıʷ һֵİֵĴдˡΪ˷Ķ⣬ǰĸʾ Ļ߰׻ʽ峯̷(1853)ϺС 壬ϺǽϵĸʾдġϺʾ־ǣһ־ѲͽһЭͬӦʱ뼯ͽܽءȱңءбݣҵڴˣ⣬ΪŴ˾һƣĽ̸ԾٷǷ ˰߱ظڰ׼׼ʾϺдʣԼؼƾٿԺ ¼ȡȣҲճڰǽϡΪҪĶ̫࣬ǰһ ŴŵձڣҲ˹ó䴦ڿɹͨеǰ·ϣ ۣͣкϵơ仰ǽ˴ǰձڣǹŴ һڵĹ ŷÿ춼ٲһȺ˾ǽǰдʣؿȻһ 󡣡¥Ρʮ¡šڡߵѲ˾ǰֻ¶  Щţ࣬ǽһŸʾţǣţǣ·Źۿʾ µļЩڵĹͰǽĳ̶Ȱ?𼱣дʶԣڡ ġһ鹫С˵УвȤġС硶ԡ ̫ҵԧסƪо飬һܴ梼ޣðɩߡŮӣСһһۣ⡣Ƹɲ һ޹ȼ飬ʻż梶ø§Ӳǽ Ůɩ÷򣬻ʿΪ飬߱¿Ȩˡʹű ֮Ȣ֮䡣˸举ҶԹϢ粨֮ ֣ԷޣгˮһʮԭֻһǽţǴ䡣԰ ĸˣףҹٸȨΪϡѾϣڡ 
õǰ㲻㡰ġ ?ҲΪС˵Ϊƾôȥġ ƪдʣȫǴࡣϰдС̫үǱʱĿˡͬ  Ҳ٣Ҳܶࡣ峯ѧ˻𭼯һƪ  ǽϵʣһԷ򸾳ܣھӸ浽ع͢Ϊ޷Ŀ£׸棬£걨£ز׼ʡ¡   
ĹͰǽ(3)   
 
ʣȻֲֹ˻һˡ 
лٳĸʾҲù̿Ż족ĵʣǾ˽֪ˡ 翴硶ɳ亡ˣ˺˾ˡ֪ͨҸԸ񡱵ĳţ ֪Ҳǹ֮ġ¼ϾУ˵ȪĳǰŸʾ ĳ ձգˣסֽдǶò Զ?չһš 
 
ĳգؾ(̫̫)Ī (ת˶ʿЦЦ¼3) 
 
굽ʾ߾Ҫڰǽн֮ˡȪĵڶ ̫̫ղ󣬾͵͵סʫǺף´ȴ Ѱ㡣Ԫε֪ʱ֪ΪԭŰף˴ڸʾ Աߡ޴롱ʾ淢ζ(ת˶ ʿЦЦ¼2) 
˵Щǳҹʱ͵͵ȥġŹС ġʫڮٵһ֣Ҫ˺ȥ򸲸ǣΪ߶ϣ ޴׷ðѡҲЩԱǰѡġҩԵġ硶¼ǣ ʱ㵱һЩ¾ίиеѧΪصĳ ʱ˶Դ˲дֱǰ㪩֪˵ǽ ң ǧٻһʱֱĽȥˡȻרƶȱ 쾭ĹŴֻЩȵĹԱϾǲ( תԡԨອ116) 
Ω䲻࣬Сŷ͡طƵǽڣ͸Ϊ  ءرǵרƶȷչ߷ʱࡰƷ˸ ǽϵġѧ˴֮࣬ԼԱһʵġǽ 硶𭼯ǣʱĳ̰ᣬһֽɵļϾ Ƿ˰ߴϣƻ𷣡ʫǽƣص ۷Ȼֽϳ׺Ⱦɺž顣Աõϣҹǰ 뵱һڱߡǺشУ󾹴Ѳһ飬ȫ ʵϽְͣ顣硶¥Ҳ֮Ϊ ̰ɣ˰ۿ˸Ƕǰ 
 
û۽ͭ 
ȫ뼦Ȯţ 
 
ѻƬսԺ¶ֳлڷֿġ() Ҳ׷ſڡǽϵľۣ̬׳¡   
ǰԹźþ۪(1)   
ݸأΪ֮ߣСǰ֡·һɳ Ѱ١ʷֳеǰۣ廨ŵġǽĻ⣬ϼεǧ 󡣪 
˵ǰձ֮䣬һһ໥ԳƵͤʽһͤ һͤǵطڽн̻רʩ̫Ԫ谳һֱ Ϯ塣 
ͤڣľƺңơ񡱣ɵط֯ 涨ڹĻ˻Լγʹľ ν汸֣ͱߵȼ㺬壬ľ̻ ݬԶ 粻ТܡŹ𳤡м һмթαĲţ״ϡ즽ȭߣͤϣÿ¾עԣһ ĿȻͤԸդʹ߿룬ԷС˪ȥ(  ŲСļ30)Ԫ谵Ľְͣ취յư֮հ һ֮ Чʹ˲Υ񣬷Ƥ֮ʹư֮ݣɥʧ̧ ͷ˵ͤڰ񡱵ˣܱ׵ĹƽҲ ʱලȨȷʵĶƣڹ涨ʱ(һ)û ٷſ 걨йزʵעСֱ޷ʼȥ һ¿ɾߣ꼴ȥꪩ(ͬ) ִϤ ĻǰժȥӵñӡЩطͤϣиԵĶ  
 
Կֱ֮ 
д׼ϴǰ֮ 
 
ͤ˻µĹӦͤ˺µĳҲҼ ֻɫ˺ᡣТܡȼѡɥϢϡΪ⼢ʩҩ ·ʩľ֮ʰŽȡʵߣͤϡ( ͬ) Ҷεá¼ǣ֮ʩδУطһ µģڱصסլͤưͤͤʾ𾴣Ҳô ҵѧϰԪʱоô˷ĸܣڴ ʽƹȫ 
ƶ֮ͤ⣬ǰĹн̷ѧҽѧȡ 
̷ֳݣǽַѲ߾פͰ칫ĳ൱ڹŴΰͤλ¼ ǣÿٲоѲһ̱ˣҹѲ칫¡ǰ ʷҲƼأơֵ䡱֪Ѿáһسǳڣ̷ жദǰĶΪ̡ͳλģҲ̷ְҪ άǰΰҹ֮սĵͶݣͨϵġתͰ ͽȥνתͰơתһתԲͰһ¶ ⣬һڣʹ÷ʽִй̨ϴӪҵԱ໥ƾ֤  豸ơҪԡְ𣺡ҪϭתͰ ʱ𿴣Ӹ顣Ҫ̷кˡ 
ѧʱ۲Ԥרҵѧĸ˳ ĳѵɳΪѧͽʵϰԱѧĹٷְܺܶ ɻԤ⣬ڹٷṩԷ񣬶ڱƱ۲ һŻ㱨ȵȣʱÿ͵ĽӴͬʱѧֱ ڿŵţִǷ񴦡Ƹͼޣ ̵꿪ţᣬҪѡӣ췿ӣѡĹأҲҪ ˮѨƿ÷еʮһسص ÿ״£ѡӻ鿴顣֪ΪӭȢѸ¥ Ҳ ǡ³ʮ׼Ȣ˹š⻹ڼ롢 ɥпģڻȢףģȵȡ칫ҵнˮҪ  гıꡣС˵׺«ڰ˻ᵽˣһΩʳ ͼѡƿ÷ʮһУҲҪӦġڷ дֽ֪֮⣬һйϰնšӪο뽭 ʿľУλ   
ǰԹźþ۪(2)   
ҽѧҽҩҽԺҽѧĸ˳Ƶƣĳѵƣ¸ҽ ԱɡΪٰˣϰջ֮Ϊҽ١йڵط 鿪ӪҽƷĴͳÿضСҽѧãһҽҩ ΪṩҽƣһҲΪڿδ ֪ʱдһƪٻְܺ͸ıġ˸ڡҽٳĿ£ Сҽļءʱص׳Լ4000ˣȫصĻԼ5000 ڡıؼҽԺ¡֮״ƿ÷һҽѧҽ  ϪĻдաʮУŻؼҵ֪æͯ ϵȵΣͯرϵڸϰ࣬δ֪ 룬˵ϵˡȻһҽټǡա ѧֵŵң(Ƭ)ղٹݶƣҪڸ ϰࡱʱҪֵֵҹ࣬ŵҡæµ֪ 
ҽгӡ߼䡢ѵ֮⣬Ҳнˮ붼ڿ𣬶ǰ ˵ҽٲ첡֢ʶҩԣһ֮Ϊ֮ͼǲȡ ˵һŻǮְλͺһϰΪҽ ԺȽпɿһЩʵбµУмΪˣҽٵļҲͲ 󡣡ƿ÷λҽ٣ӸƵƣҲûκùһ һС˵ԵĻҲиҽ¸СĹ£ߵ٩  
 
Ǹҽ٣ԭǸɫѣγôʡѾ ô͡! 
 
ֲ˼ 
 
иרŸ˿ģȴȥһº!  
 
ҽѧ֮⣬ǰһϵŹϵ̺ŵ̡Ѱ õꡢݡƼҡҩĴ֧ҵ 
õꡣھϣ˳ǰͶޣԭķ㼰ʱݳ״֤˵ ʱѺѾоڼķ˼ҲҪͼͽϢ ̽ ѯıСۡʮУװΪղӸݸ״ǡ  ǰͶһ¡ԵڰʮŻУѦؽҪܸϣ£  ˸˸ٺͷ()һֱ彭ſѰ˵ ס£һд״ʦ 
ݡͶҪд״̽Ϣˡǹٸ ӡ(ִҵ֤)רԴ׫д״Ϊҵġ顱Ǿḻ ʦ һǰȺŻŻ⡣ۡʦү ɫ˵ȣͨϢͷסּۻۣ˵طС̡  ꡢȡ͡û١ֳΪ硶 ƿ÷ĺȺ֮һǱ¸ˣרһǰ ծǻڷԵġЩҲԲΪ׳Եʣǰ 鱨ϢĹܣˮ䰴ʮ˻أݸͷδ˸۩ Ͷ ݹģҪ׽ʱǰĵء㡰ȥضһ跻  дաϺƽڷ統ʱÿڲ¥ Ϣף¹Ǯ߼ʣҲһеһ 
Ƽҡ¼ط־ˣ廰С˵УйǰƼҵдͼࡣԴ һ ǲݹܵ죬ĹԺȡδΪطӭ͹ʡд Լʥڡ(ʵ)ԪȽڼأҪ СѮ衱֮ƣ ÿʮ(һѮ)һùѡפУдһƪ ʹǮ״ (1043)μΪǳ֧Ӧ⣬Ա ѳԺȣ ÿᣬһΡ֡ν֡Ƽ⣬С㡣 ΪµżܰճӭϷᡱ  ֮СӦ֮ÿᣬϷ֧֧ۡ͡ڶ𡱡 ( ̻º¼)˱׼ʳܱ죬ǰʳгͺ ˡ   
ǰԹźþ۪(3)   
ҩ̡ҽԺҽѧ⣬ҽֻҲͽҩ ǡһҩ̡Ϳڡǰˡƿ÷ھŻ вǰҩ̣֪Ǽõ̷ˮ⣬Ŵү󰸣 ӣָԼа˽ǣƤãѰǰֶ϶ϲȱ ҩġˮ䰴һУ߰вߣǿڵǰ ҽˡҩǮ϶ҩϡǮ϶˵ ҪõĿ죬ǳѪļ˵գҩ족 ȫıͷȻбӶӵˡ 
Ĵ֧£ǰǮׯС䵱̵ Ʒðҵǣ˿ٵϵ⣬רԡˡð»Ϊ ĸɫʳ̯Ҳǰɫеݽһܽ顰 ˮءϵģҪЩ·죬Ůǽᶽ׼ҳºϱ ԼǧŮ˼ҩ̿ǰıҲרЩ£ ˵¹ǮĴ촦Сˮ䰴۩ǰҩ()  СˡţҲѺ˾νɽеΪ Ʀһڴ̾Ļ̳̹ݣ潰ҤУȻҪ  ٷ˼ġ⡱רǳоóסż ġ¼ƶ֮һƬڣרӪ㶫¡м Ϸס롱еദڵ˵ǡƷԱʱ˾ ơƤꡱǰ̬֮ɹӡɳµĶ?    
¥ʯƤ(1)   
ˮ䰴ʮд¬Ĺܼƽݺʹ֮ ԴϽӣѺνڼ̸Ҫ¬ڼˡ̸Ц˵  㲻ʯϣšŰϲۡ?Ҳ֪! 
̸顰ʯ¹լ֮һǧУȫſ һһҶǶʯʨӣ״಻ͬһ֮䣬ʯģʽ ȴһģһġҪ˵ʲô任ĻǾʱĽʯڵĴ 룬̸ԣԪԺƵ˴źͶ֮룬Ϊ˸ʯͤ ͽнʯͤҲܽʥƷʯһԶƷߣŴʱ һֱͨý£ڴʰ̫үһ̧ۣǡԣ㿴 Կʯϵ16֡ 
 
ٺ»֬ 
Űۡ 
 
ǻʵ۸طԱ̰۸ܡŰġԽнʯ 
Ŀ֤ʯʷݵʱڣʱǰѴ ɡλžдڹԱλ԰ɡĵ˵д 䡢ݡ25ƪ͸ˡʷǺݴʷʱдһƪ ʷ𡷣ǰ ΪȷһͨʯƵĿʼǽʯռȫͳһʷǴ ƳʱſʼġСݴʷҡԹʫһףܹ20100֣ ˼ӣһĺù١ʱдһʯ ǣĳģ24䡣γ̫Թ24̫࣬41 6֣˱Ϊ̸֤֮λʱ16ͳһɻͥ鷨 ˭ҳһ˫ˡ 
֮󣬽ʯϵֻȶֻλôӴϰ˼ңǰ ǰϣԭǷߡ塷˵ʱйĽ ʯԿ16֡ 
 
Ѽ 
η̷ 
 
ʯһ仯ǣԭʯϿ16רүƣҲ3ר տģǺɵҶϵġ峯ʱֱ ʥ֣͡峯ʵΪ16ֽúܺãһ飬Ϊġʥ ˡʯֽͤʥƷҲԵԭ򡣪 
֡ҪĽʯʷôãﶼһ飬ۺ Ԫ壬ٳĸܡεĶ䣬ҲûжϾʽ ĺֵܡڰӴϰᵽȥ߿ҲиССԭ õĴ(ͷ)ȷʵǡֳϿҳյģǶ ()ȴʱ ˵ۡ˵ģ飬£ ⣬թ֮µү۲Ϊˡǣ ʯÿ¸һ䣬ơ 
 
ٺ»ֻǲ㡣֬תתʡŰı ۣ֪? 
 
Ǿķ̡ 
ʯͤġ裬һ֮ƵġƤǿ ӼǡУдƽŵǰһ֣ǰΪ¶̨ΪΪʯͤΪ š⣬ΪΪǰΪš֪źͶм֮һ࣬и ΪʲôҪ?ԭ̫Ԫ谵ķλлӳĻ  ĿԪĩεĸܣԿ֮󣬾ԳΪȨļ Ⱥ˵ǰʱع಻̰ƺɫƷ£񼲿࣬ ֮ĮȻ͸ˡҪ̰󼺦յģˡ!ǡ  ߻ʵԶ˹˲أһżලۡ д˽ʯϣȫݡء֮һء(  إʷNC021ǡ33)ֶĳ̰ɣ̰۶60ϵĹԱ һʾ ҪܰƤ̡֮ƤĳͷڣԻƤ ̰ٵƤº󣬻ҪӷԱãٸԣһƤ ʵ֮ʹ֮Ŀġ(إʷNC021ǡ33)Ƥ ģضİ裬 ۿ˵ġϧ˺ʽʷ𴫡ǣʮ (1585)£72Ͼݶʷͷʮظʵ 裬֤̫ Ƥ£Ȱڻָ̰Ŀ̣ʱ֮ɴ˿ɼƤ ʧүУǻҩˮûЩƤģضҲö ˡ   
¥ʯƤ(2)   
˵Ƥֻһ֮ƵĻô¥νǹŵĻͨ ֮ˡ¥ͨôǰĽֿڣǱʱйŴ Ĵͳһձ׼ʱ䣬Ҳϵһ档ʱķʽ һÿ硢硢ʱ޹ͨ˻ҩ޹֮⣬Ҫڣ ͲӾͰڹ¥¡еĵطǰ޹أ糿硢ҹأ ҲЩط޹ĺҪڡǷʱģҲжһ ı׼֮һγʱӾؽ꣬˳·ùԱ˵ ƼأȻû֪ϣһ棬֪Ǹù١ٵ֮һǡҹ ڣŸķ֪Ҳ(κ̩¼)ʹͬһ ǳڣб ߵĹ縮ȣôڱʱְòŹˡ⣬¥ ãҲΪԴͺͱйءʱڽݵ٣ص ״ڹǰ¥Ĵʩһֵ飬޹ģ֪ͨ 䲢ԮӴ˾ǰǹ¥ƶ(ԡ¼4)    
ȫȸС(1)   
ϲμǡⲿС˵ĶߣüǵϲΪκϳ岻֮ԩһ ι£ֻõĹ죬ϡеȴֺ첻ӡһ šãһϣһǱֻСһƺ һ˵ѵССһڣҲд˻ͨĵľ? 
ǡȸСȫ׻ŴǽڵĿռ״̬ ȷвˡ 
ǲȴĴÿ𡣾Ĵöƣʱƽص ýнڰã峯ʱϺصĴýãǳдͳ֮⣬ иһԵıšáνүã϶ϰ涼ϡ ʱ㷿ռĵλһΪһ麣õĿȺͽƣ麡 ϵľ裬ǣ 
õıʣ̨ϹҵġĻĻ沢ʵʵڵ ǽڣţֽţר̫үʱʣ¼ڵأ мϷηֹߡǰߣһʯ̨ѧУ ̨Ҫ̨߳ࣻٷһųιһѿӣ̫ү߸ϵĵط  С˵Ĳͼǻܼ빫֮һͷϱ֮ ãĩдʵټˣҲʱƣԭһ֮صġغ ʱûпӡ̨棬ʷҲֻǰл (μ顤ʹע) 
֮Ϻ͹߿ɼߣӡǩͲʼܡ̨ľԼдСرܡ ྲĻͷ֮ࡣʮᡷϷˣЩӦԵļ䡣  
ǰҲһģһ߸ߵľϣùģ͹¥òͬ áġá̫ү°ࡣԪӾ硶ԩǸӹ ̫˵ңɢùģ˽լȥΪһƶȵӡ֤ ֿɼٵĿԼҪջķõʱ䡣ݡ𭼯ǣ̫Կ ط¹һָʾڻƳ!ʱθܼɻɢ үֱбڱ˯Ըմ³̫д˸롣 岩ǵں󣬱ɵܴ ֪أùһ棬岩ϷСʫһףĩΪлƳ񱻣Ŭ ͷá(»ࡷ9)õļʡѧ ̸νˬ ﱧãﱧعٺ󣬸ȥ﷭ˣˬùʫһף ͽа˳Χһ糦Ƥܴδ롣ùʫŪ īҲһַ 
ʱڣϰõźŸΪðӻư壬ùɷ ǶרдӸ״ϰԩá̹԰ռǡϵ峯ʱ ϳɳˣָ֪ϣռôһΡ 
 
³գ硣лԩߣơϣ ײ˽ͨգϳǷף꣬ײΪز츰̨̤¶飬ײ ֮ףʺŮ׼ߡ 
 
˱Ϊɱˣûдд״ʵʱ䣬ææͷ ͶߣԻķʽྪšഫĺԩֻڽ²ʹãΪ Ӧʧ󣬱Ҫϼʮ壬Ժеȥˡ 
ֿһģƶǿңɫ٣硰ȸŸƽ Ҹ衱ٶΡաȶУǡ ڡ֮Ҷ˼ͻҲгģ֣ ֮ѵúͿӡ 
 
úǶãҲʰôģʹõڣһǹһ õĺ棬еĻãеİΪãҲû֪ݡ¿ƪ ʱ֣ųʫ طȦ̫ү鷿ӵϷ˷ʦү ཨ ֵǩѺŵһֵİ칫   
ȫȸС(2)   
ǩѺǩѺļơŴŵ鹫£嵽ʽҪת صİԱҪһһǩԼ(Ҳϡִ) ʾΣȻ ׳úʻСʾĸԼʵ飬 ҪԸĴӡЩƹؼԵĳУ涨ǩѺҪ칫 ͬ˾·ƽƽƵĻļ涨ҲǩѺġΩʵ  ǹٸҪʻСԸǹӡ࣬үһ Ե ǩѺӡίиš桱͡ʦү֮ǩѺ ҲһӵĸԡϲμǡΪʮŻϲӦɽѲԼ  ȥǩѺ̸Сӭſڡӭڡд֪һ࿪׷  ҪԱİ³ͨⷿٱ˵İ칫ңǩѺ ֮֡С˵ºڶأ㶫ʹص̨ţʹ ʦ ү壬Լ⵽ǩѺȥ͸塱һΪҸ׶ Ҫ˵ͣͷһ߳д֪Ѿ˱һӻ¸͵ ġ̨ӡӡվͷӣȻҪԱ಻ŵ ǩѺˡ 
һС˵ʮУҲһԴõǩѺдգν֪κƤ 󰸺󣬡һԣɲۿأԼתǩѺԷһʱգ ڿϳ̣ϷͬϷӱ¡ ֪ǩѺСͿɹү̵̿˳豸ȫʷ㡣 
˵Ǹĸ֮⣬ ԰ּɽ¥̨СȽү̫̫ܣͽСαйԳݱҲ йݣʳҲ¿ؽȻ(Ӽǡ)  
عľ칫ΪǰϡǷָǰ ȷʽˡغκʱǷֱлܡܡܡܡֲܵƣ ʱָĽ˾˾˾˾ȡλڳ(11021106)  ط֪Ϊʿǡ̡ܣٹ(11071110)  ضմʽӴһֱϮͳơʵ䷿ͬ ʱƽѭ(á)ǰΪ Ŀ ơ񷿡ơơϿơơϿơơϿơ̱ơ̳˾ ˾ܸȶ¼ʱƣͤͤ иɫ۹ٷݡʮϺŷ ֮⣬Ѻƽ֡š ǹ ȣҲŵĸ֣ͬλһ顣֮ټһƬǧ أǷŲֻȸġ 
ȫ֪Ϊģ֪ԴΣةξʷ ٺԱغĴͳǲ̫ү칫רŵЩ Ƿڲһֵ⿪ŵģҲǿŵ ġ峯ʱڶڲſڣʷةѲ ͬʱϺڳ룬ةⶫƫƫʷ ֮ϣѲ򡣷һڱŶٹ໤о Ϊͷʹ׻һǶΪƶȵģܽѧضǵ ݣΪ˲ԵøҪһ㡣   
شԺȤŶથ(1)   
ǰһ֪һ˾ĵطǽڣ칫ִͥ ȶ򡣴⣬ڻרԳ١NB032¸ɫ칫˵  Ŀռ䣬ִĻᡣЩ򡱣и߸ߵΧǽͬĽֵָ Ժǽб֮Ĺͬ롣 
طĹԱסڣְ𡢷㹤ȫܵȶ෽ Ҫݡǡʷأƴʱ۫ξˡͽ ¼ʵ조쾩լڣꡰ 븮֪ƶƴѾˡˮ䰴ڶʮһأдţ  Ųסν˵֪๫Ϸ湫´Ѱ Ѻ˾̽Ҵ֪Իȥͷ˳Ծȡ֣ô÷ ?νáǻص۩֪غͷסڵáһζԻ ҲδطԱμסŵ֤ƶȣһֱάֵ塣˼˵ ټסԺ䣬ͨԶλõڣͨơϷŮ ӵԵʣҲǿرŮ죬һǲ߳ġѧҷĸ ʱ֪أҲйŸĸסõľڡ ˵ 
 
լţ߹գǻعٻ͵ĵطͷһ 䣬ǩѺعٰ칫ĵطߣһԺӣϷĸǶס Ϸ档г鷿ݣڶߵԺֺƣŸ Ŷһ 
 
ʵϺõţг鿼ɽ̨ͤ˹ۣЩ ȦԺ̫̫СŮ߶ɢġξ־1ڵĽ ÷ͤͤͤءȶɫ 
ȷð»̺ĻѡۡѾȣҲסĻѵ סϺáϲμǡмɽѲϲĻԸƼ˸ʦү˵  ǸϽ鷿ʰֻͰᵽȥգԱʱ̡Ϊ ͱĻѵİ칫ӴһԳһСԪ硶º Ļ𳤹ׯҵŵĻ۷￵ķ䡰Ź£ֲͣ ӵʮæµ㲻ҪкֻܰĹ¡˵ţ Т ϣһǷЩʵ˵Ļڴ ĻǴżҾүΣҲøһԸĿռ䡣Դˣڡ Ҳ 
 
һʦүλܸߣټҲҪϷӡ ߣȴܡࡱչأǲܸ˽ӴģǸ ڵҲٽӴֻǵľסڵСԺԼҰԼҸ  
 
µNB032٣칫͡áͬһԺڣȻҲи  ӳеݵģɽǽġС˵Եھʮһأרɶ ƹ(ơ);(ƹٵԱ ƹշƺӡ) ϣڻشԺڵļͥϣ¡סڣ˴˷Ÿƨ ġɵǵҾϵСͯĽ˴Ϲħͷƹٹ õķ˸ѹɷ 
 
ʱڣĽƽϣʮ񣻴µҾЦ ʮֳסȥһǰһǰҲ˵ͷͺҲЦ ϹʱƹϣǱ̾ʱϣﰤƹ ᣻ʱƹ١һܿ࣬ƹ뾭ͬʱʨ֮ɽӦ 㳫档 
ƹΪӰ˹λ쵼ȡЦͬһֲ̽Ƕѹ 硢ѹļͥ⣬һλҽٸּͥ¼ شԺҼҶС   
شԺȤŶથ(2)   
̫ү(һ)ҲǸڵˣļײ̫̣̫ һƴڱ ѪֹסæҽȥΣ¿വڱǿףʱֹˣ ˱Ӿٷڽү?ǾĺүҲǱ̴ ûӱܣͷŽţġͯү̸ͯү Ҳ͸ϳҪз̻塣졢ӡ֡ܯͯү ġ˷ϣ⡣зµģͯүҪ£ĳĳ գҪүҲСү棬΢ˡΡͯүҲ ֻýͰˡүЩڣ̴ֲƱӣ̴ֲϣֲ ۴˵飬ôЦү? 
 
ͬסһԺҲֲ㣬Щ˽ס޹Ӳﳣһ Щʷļͥ¶Ҳⷽԭ򡣪 
ְԱ֮࣬涨Ҳסǹչǵ ڷֹǽй¶׵ĿǡǺʱͨеƶȣȸϷɡ ®Сֻݼʱŵûؼ֥žۣһ֤ 
ǵᣬϡڵࡣξ־ý ƣν®֮󡱣һĴԡּξ־4 øԵݡ˼¡صŽ裬Сᡱһ ֪ԱӦסᣬձԱĶ٣ԼͬڱԱ йءӪɽ־2ýСʮ䡱ÿס˼ Լ߰ʮڱڵԱΡ־2ǸŵĽ 40䣬ôڱͿһʮƶˡ 
ԱᣬദڼԺλãסҪöࡣ¡־2 ᣬǽ磬éաߡмľоġΥ ϽԱס޵ƶȡ֪صΣϾַݡƣߣԼ  ʮΪԱԣΪ˹¼ĺ쵼쵼ԣ ͬʱʵ˹ƶȣνȫƶȶдֽϵĶǷʵ һ¡硶ˮ䰴νڡһ¥һ ĸСϧ?ͬԶҲϧˣ罺ᣬҹȥ һعصĺѺ˾!   
¹ѻ(1)   
˭ὲ˵˵¹εģŵѻ?º ܽšһٳһעΪ˳ڰ Աι̡ 
˵ٸεĳ㣬²ʡأǰǾָȥģ ʡ᳤ٸʵҪġһ˵ǾָεصģҲҪ ȥʡ˾պȥΣ¹ε·㣬Ӧôʡ̿ ʼ ǰš֪ͨ顱ǰվˡ֪ͨ顱ĹٳƽСʾ дںֽϵԵʣֽС͡ʽΪ 
 
ĳʡĳĳĳ͸֪Ϥ 
յñعߪ 
ѡ˹׭ĳĳʡˮ½·̸Σʾ⣬ ֪Լ˵ȲسԶӡѡϳھڳܸͼᡢ֪ ˡԳӭӣվɹӦӹݻճ¡Υʾ  
 
ӡ֪ͨ 
ʾ 
 
ݡ͡;ɧű㿪ʼˡվò÷䣬׼ͣͨ ߡ˷̺ӦһӦСˣÿȫ¹پγ٣ͬ ϣٲҲҪͷһùĻϰգƽ׵ɨ· ׳Ȳ£ЩԶɴСΪרҵģܳԴǰ׸ɻ ˳¹ٵȥܡ⣬ЩӰǮׯĸõıμë ȥǡǷ̽衱мôү־ݵ?ȻҪ ģǺûᡣ 
̫Ԫ䣬Щ֪ģʵۺ˸أط Σɹҷѡ֪50֪35֪30ة15 ʷl0⻹޾ʵװ¹ټٸΪȵİҷá ò(̵ǡʼš1)ƶȲ ʵ Щۿۣ򼸳ɷֽһţ°µģֻҪ١ ߡ 
˵¹ӵͺ󣬱Ҫæµӡںע £׼ɨѺǹ£ӦӡεĹԱһʱ ֵ¹سһס⣬æŻͬѧѧӭ¹ εġ١æŻͬʷΰͻ继ַ ȸţץ˲ᣬáָֺ 
һæңһգ̫үĴݽ뱾ؾˣ һӭһӣһֱسſڡĳڹ󣬽ſ һĻ 
εʽǽӡȫŵĹԱִۡµȣƷվøλ ãǸϾҪεүѹӡһԵĽ¶ȻϿר͵¹  ϢĵطһڽӡʱҲҪڳ档֮󣬾Ͻˡн ·ߣɶȡļеʱ򣬻е˰ǽǰȲ æŽȥĽϰȦʲôЩˣ󣬻һ Ҫɡ 
ȴϹ()ݣݹźְ񡣪 
ϴãϳСڡߵлʥڡ Ҫӡйٳϵϴͳ֮Ȩ̡ӡӱ һС 
ӡӰݹүȥլ³ʲôլһ·· ȫǸԼȥ 
Ƚſź󣬸ֵ¹ٳˣСǰȷ ͷ𴫵£ΪΪס֣𴫵£š֣ £ϵġڡù¹áùģʥ ֡ùˣ¹źȫԱǣһκأ Щة֮ǣֻضزˡκؼȱϣùģߵл ֡ˣ¹Ρȫ־ǽص󣬻һĻϷ ݣ¹ܡˡףأ̫̫Ů⣬үү̸ֶ ү ʦүͥʦŷѾͷ衢ͯӲɰ졭ߵͷģҾģ Ҫģ뻹ģҲҪæһ󡣪   
¹ѻ(2)   
 
ǰĻϷĳ꣬ʼšѻ𡱣֣й˵УǸ ܲȷĸǷѻĺ塣 
㣺طϵĿصĲ۾ͳȣ֮һһ  
̿⣺⡢Ͽ⡢ֵùܿⷿöǰµ˱һһ 
ĳѲ磺ҪǼԫǷ̣طϵΰʩǷƣ 
Ů෿Ѻȶһ飻 
ԲîйزųʽĸîîȻᣬ һ飻 
ֽͯС۷ԡѧѧòμӣһ㶼뱾 Ρѧйأ˻ȡ˽Ʒѧѧӵȶ෽Ч 
ƷŸ棺ĳĳʱʽʼϣ 
ذ𣺷ͬ(ͬ)ʿںŵȣ¹ʱݺع ʱһһذݣҲȥ 
ͬʱҪָʾĸֺŲ顢רְԱ˽Ȿ ʥ͡ǰιԱĻְ˽ᡰ콻βȵȡϸ ˵ûиʮµʱȥԸԸġ 
󣬲ٴ˽ӯ׫ѩгʷժ¼һ͡¹ѻصĹ ΪĶζĵ 
 
йߣ̰Σ˳򣬼νԻջ Ի˼Ի֪ǼٵģΣҪȡƼס 
 
⣬кŪǾ쵼ζ缯ʳϷʲôġë ϣĿϰͷ̯ɷüɡǰϷ ̨ 죬ϷϷŮŮײȣӵӵɽ˺һ㡣 ֪سϷҺع١   
Ұ(1)   
룬Ƶ롣 
ŷޡ糯¡е䡣˵ǰٹϳͼ͸һЩ ͬǵ٣ⶫֻоٲſãȥǵϲ ж!ԡ׿ǡ˵Ա೰Ϸٵı˵ס ȡЦطٵȱơ 
Ȼڼ׫ʡУ˸ʵݵ˵ 
 
ι뾩ְιԻҰơԻְ á 
 
áա¼ĽͣǴ󡰳ִ£ͷߺȡӶ Ϊװ桱Ĵôʡǵȴڡ߻ʵԶ¼飬 һɡ಻ɵľлȡģӽһƣ ֮? 
װ桱ĳ̫࣬йش߿ơʰƿȲ֣ǽԺ½ ߢȡͨ˵˵ 
˵òΡǵ͵ĲӬԴͷϿÿ± ǴСμ̫үʱ䣬£³ҪƶȺǲ зϳڡЦЦ¼ƣò״ЦзֶαΪϷߡǲԸ ϷĿ΢˵˵òε 
һԻںϣԻӬۣԻȵ룬Ի 
ǽһةѵ ʷѲ졢ة˰֮ܶǰ˾Ʒ̶֥٣Ӭ֮΢ Ҳһһɴñǰһ󳳳£ñѻȵ룻 ϰ죬ȫ͸λվˣΪֽССվࡱñǰٹ ϳִķ档 
Ի׾ԻԻᣬԻط 
ùùĻ죬Ȼ ѼӰҡҡڰڣβӣһȥμ֪ءΪʲôСط? ԭǾ㳤ߴЩӹǼʱֲôֻ ݵӱɣǲᰫȥġ 
ԻʮԻԳףʮһԻѼʮԻɡ 
䱰Ͼиλ ʽôǰ㣬ʾΪײл裬ү ڨĻɣǡĬӣȭ߲ү˻ζкر 壬ϸĥԳơɡ 
ʮԻзУʮԻѻɣʮԻʮԻǲͣʮԻţߣʮԻΡ  
òεˣ̫ү˲Ϳͣ߳ʱҲһʽͽСз ˴⣬ȫ޾ˣ硰ѻɡűԴˣη Ͻκһ·ؼȥϽһٳٵ緹ϴ˯һһԵ Ρ 
ȡСᡱ״Ǻܻ? 
˵СǾ͸ˡͬƷٽףʹھ£һƥ ԼǮǷŵط̫ү֮ˣȶ˶شǰ ͷһɡһƥױۺȵ㣬Ŀ顢˿ưųѼ ӣٶСдҲкö໨ͷ硰δˡʿĳ Ʒʹᡱ¼ΡʹճˡӺ棬 еģ(Ĵ)ģѺεģĴŵ ֶӡ? 
˵㡱ϰǰװ桱ĻᣬǵطԱÿ˷ գ˳ȥ()(ص) Ĳȴȥ㣬 ΧۡдʵҴԻһס˷ءü 
 
˷ʾ㡣 
ĳĳۣԻʡ 
һֽĳġ 
(עźŷԤ֪ͨĳۻ׼)  
ֽϸϣδȪNC023塣 
ɮݾߣСЯﴲ   
Ұ(2)   
(עøԵӴϰݵ桢ȡ) 
ݼĬۺǿ 
ͬ˰˯߽Ѳꡣ 
Сǿ£² 
ǲ֮ȥ˯ 
죬ââ 
ߵׯ 
(ערмලǶߡ) 
ϰ൱ 
ϥ 
(עվҾͣүߣơ)  
ҾƱ飬š 
߷żͣ٣ż 
ͬ˽һǳ 
֪Ȼ 
Թۼ죬Ʒ谡 
(עүżͷ˭ͬбΪΣǺˡ) 
Ͷ̣á 
ѧ򹧣ĸ 
Ĥ衣 
ŽξҾ 
µµ౼æ 
Ԩݸʿԭ 
¼سѴƪ¡ 
Ϲžдˣοɡ 
⳰󡣪 
 
Ҳһֱġûʡ? 
󣬡ڡҲֵһĻ⡣йŴķգͨơڡ ١Ԫ͡(ҲЩ滻ơ) ν١ Ҳǵʵ۵աÿ⡰ڡ糿طҪдС ꡱġơ㰸ŵƽʣ񳯺ء 
 ΪݡʼšأȽڣСأ赸ɽ ʮİ񡣡ΪҲϰһμӵĴ䣬ССɴñΪ¶ ֱݡ١ľûᣬüء֪ôģʮİݱ˾Ű ʱ԰츮Ǳɽ֪ԣʼƷԾ赸ɽʮİ λӾŰݻ񫡣 
ڡ⣬Ԫ硢׽գҲҪһ Ϊˡװ桱ҲԵЩǳûƵĺĿ¼һд ġȰ¼ں󡷣֪һ״ǰԼʥڽ ѭϰɷ磬̿ʱ֧ǮԺǮĻ֮ û׷ũӦŮ˼Υ˳ߡ ( 1˼˱Ĺٸļо)Щ  ԱУǲ̫װ쵽ġͽСڣԪڡͤʼ ˵һ¸νûֽӡˢơ;򹩷ÿ ֽǮ24ģ۳һţǡաе 
ɽ赸֮󣬽ǴԴȡ۾ˣҲǱĿȤζǣ  Ҳ֯ؽᣬƽߵòȻģ̫ү˿Σͬ Լ輿Ůһ񻶡ɽ˵ξʱ ΪةȽٰ̰ۡĽϣһ תΪʲôʱֲֻڶش˵ ֣ (ָة)ද֣ξٶֵĻջл·?ȫЦ Ĭ ةԶ֣ξֹȻֻǡװ桱вֵɨ£ Ҳϸˡ     
ڶ ˵̶֥   
ŵĩ   
ǳΪѻ? 
ÿĴ߷ס 
ϣ縰ߡ 
壬ޡ 
 
źʫĵһףΪѻǰһڵˣ֪ǺعŰڡòΡһͷǰŵһ̨Ļǵ豸ѱһ壬ĻҲž򣬳ô˸ȽɫѻĻᣬǲƣࡰ塱ĩ󣬶Щʲô?   
֮١̫ү(1)   
࿴ԥ硶Ʒ֥١ˣλƿЦȷʵɾ̫үƳɣ ӡ󡣲ͷƷʲôСƷ?ΪνС֥١?˶ ˡʹعٵƱ仯͸ֱ˵𡣪 
ӱ鵼Ѿ֪ˣҹԹĵط˴ʱ һȳֹرȿ⣬һֱĽƣӴĹһУȥ ΢԰ѡ֥١ĹԱҲ˳µġǣ Ҳ˸е⣬ع١֮ƣӵĴšʷǡ筺ܲҡϣ˵  ǷĶӿ˿ӹǮӹ֪عŭϱӡۼǷҲѺ͢ ξʳ죬ŻѪع١þ?ƴ˾ʷ ɴס 
عνҲνΪعߣĹ١ؼҲ߹£Ի ҲʽĹְϣõϯзܿ١ֵġʱ սغʱسçʱָԻףκϱֱ ٻع֮ƣʱָĳ֪أϮ䣻Ԫ³ ࡣɴ˿֪عһͨ׵ĳν˾ǨԺռġ˵Ʒ ҲиĨǵسʱٵĶӡ緵ʵغɫʾٽ׸ߵͣ һͭӡī緣ٺ»ҲΪߵ͵ı׼ٺ»ʯ һǧʯسʯʯκʱʼʵСƷ˷˺󼸺ÿ ΪƷÿһƷǾƷʮ˼ʱΪ ƷΪƷƳʱгࡢܡϡС߸ȴΣǴƷ ŴƷδ֪صƷƷʱ⣬֪ؾ ΪƷԶ׼壬̫үƷǳ½Ƶģٹʱ֮ 󣬱ˡƷ֥١ͨơ 
عٵƷλԽԽ񣬿ʵ۵ȴѡԽԽӡ纺 ʱСɹٳװ֮ɷܳʵ² ȥߣԵ(ʸͽ)ãΪǮ˽Щʿ Ϊ 
־顤ͳ˵쾣ʱͳȥͳκ  £͵ְ³дŸ˵飬νʿԪǰҲ øҪĲʹɣʼչһεΪʦɽ ʵһƹʵǰǰ󣬾Ǻųơͳعְ񣬶 һع٣Ҳǡ֮šϱʱʼ仯 涨أΪ̨ɡϳ¼䣬κТ ۸㺺ĸؼȨ齨ر涨ܾһؽٵߣأ ʳ»ܾߣأǨΪءͬʱٺ»Ҳ˵ 籱ƽʷɴ۹ְҪߣʴ磬Т ĵرǷֱҰʾŴڵʱͬŵĽ ( תԡԨອ116)ԨǻͲᷢ嶷ס֮ ɧˡ źĴֵһ֣ٱ߿ʼ뷽跨Ӫλ ãκĩʱ߶ۣʿԳΪ֮뱱룬( إ ʷNC021ǡ15)һƶϵĸţǿ߱ʿ  ͳ(565569)һأ͢ѡʿӵͳ ͳٵǰ ԡּοȥص( Ԫң) 
ƿʼ͹ԱصĿƾƶȿʼйȷһĹְة ξȣΪƵ˽˻µ֮ףְ񣬻 רſԴӺѡעڣƶȻ涨ûеιְˣһɲǫ́ʡ Ա Ӷȫʵˡݿš֮ʵʣʱ඼й صµľ˵δСʡСʡҲû롱ˣ ܷδ?ԵӡƷ֥١һĥ   
֮١̫ү(2)   
̫Ԫ谸עضϯѡڹȥǲ  ڷǿƾٳʸ񲻿ɣǰҪϸĿϡʷְ־˵ Ԫ(1368)ͲΪݡְͣܣ ֮ ȫ1170֪أڸǰܹԪ谵ԽӼ͸롣Ժ ֱģ͢Ҫרǰοͣٺ»һʽ󿼺 ߣͿԵﵱһĹְҲǰǨʸ峯 취ӺʵһƪרŸعٵѵɰ׻ǣΣ  ֮١εʼһʡΣҲͬһӵĽһܶѲ Ƕ˾ٵԱΧǽǻ顷ƣΪ̰ ˵̰Σ֮ءعٵƷвˣǻûã ǷҲι̡Ȼ()ʮһ꣬عٵҪ ر ƶȣѯ죬(תԵʿ̸) ߿رע ƪѵġ֮١ᷨڻʵۿҵһơȰũ ˰ѧ̻סݡˮֿ⣬ȵȣһؿʼ ˵ öְҲרˣ˵ģϯӶΪֱ 򽻵ν֮١塣㺭壬ҲͲ ٵѡκԻԽԽӵʷˡԹ֮١ йְߣܹǼˣһˡ 
ˡ֮١⣬֪صνдס׹١ ̡áī緣ȵȡЩǲͬĲͬٳƣЩȡڹ˳  ƶȣһͨڹٳϻСϰյĿͷϣС̫ү ϸ̨ĸ١ȸֽзСĸ١ĺ壬ҲǴӡ֮١ת ӽȥ˵ĸڴŮʱҪȰ˼   
ϵ䪥(1)   
ϲµĶߣӦ͹ةڼǡһƪܹ֣ѡ Ϊɢеһ顱ƪģԪʮ(815) ֪ ھʱӦةϵĺѴ˹д˼ȥġڼǹŴһ壬ݡ żǡأ͢˾бڼǣȴüǨʼĩ ĹٶȻС̶֥ôһ㣬ҲиǽҲٲһƪ ƪڼǡ׵ġγڼǡ׾׵ġڼǡ ġͬݳγعֻξڼǡԼԪġ书ةڼǡȣͺƪ һĻеĴҲǺоŴıϡ ̫үµNB032ٵ˽⣬Ҳɴ֡ 
ةְ֮ԪNB032һأ ʡǺġةڼǡ֮ƪһ䡣ʮ֣ة ĵλְƣһȣһ֮ӦʣҪ٣ СNB032֮ơΪԪʱعҲСԺֳةΪ  
ѽΣԶڴʱˣغʱΪձƶȣ()֮ £ ة(顤ٹٹ)һЩҪĵط義غؼص Ҫ ϵة綫ʱةƳʱꡢϡ̫ԭ ظةˣȻܸǡƹ񡱵ĽɫǱзֹ ʱƽة;ةһԱְˡʵֻһ ةͨطһͷܵҲһ㶼ٷһ 򼸸Ĺ綫ʱةͳ顢ֿ֪ܲ⣬ʱة Ѳһְ没ǡΡΡѳְʱȱ ةдһеΣƽʱܷһʵĶʵ Ҫ˵ˡТڳ֪꣬ר˵عٺһ £˴־ͬìܣԼӹϻˣ١ 裬ϣܡϣܼԸƶ񡣴Ħ֮ ǺNB032ԺĴǣԺ󷲷 NB032 ̰ǿϡѹߣپˣĲߣNB032  У˴˽̰ߣͬŲ۶ϡ(̵ǡʼ š16) 
NB032Եͬ࿹?ֺ͢ԹȻ䡰СȨ?˵ Ǵ СҲһؼԱһҲɳ͢ίɵġ顤ۼ͡˵ Ԫ(119)죬ʵگѡ15ˣ»ѫɽТ ѡ50 ˣһɵطȥسةξΪʱطԱ Ǯ൱֤֮ʱ˿ƾƶȺةξȹԱͶ ӽʿѡˡνʱةѡθϸһЩγ涨ةȡÿƾе ԼڳιĻְԱģܳΡδѧ˻ңô һ˶ʮ(1154)нʿȻȥݵһʱĻ ְ٣ Ųŵݸةȥʱʮ(1162) ˡһ¿ƽ ʿǵ8꣬Ҳֻеò̫ϤŴƶΪʿ ô˲Ľɫ֮߿ȷʵ󰡡ʱɴѿƾٵȴκNB032 ѡֱ ӹҹʿ¼׼ڵģةشͬʿģ ηΪةʱةҪӼѡΣɳֱ͢ ĩ־ʿ׫ͺζġУνˡ֮ 
ԪͤʼǡУһˣʵ¼ʿܪNB033μƣ סڵ ˿ϼ¼԰֮ʤܪNB033԰£żɼѾ䣬ӽҹ ƫɿ ԰ةڣةʿҹʫΣ˰ܪNB033ץ  žžͼʮӣȻƷʱة಻ӰƷ  ةŴӾƷʱһɵΪƷˣ硰Ʒ֥١ʶʵ ֥顱   
ϵ䪥(2)   
 
ͷٿƪڼǡ(ة)£ξξзְ ˳¡ϰϰϰá 
ѰԭʼǺԺͨùԹΪְơϸ ееʵǴͬģǰ൱飬  ٣𻧼˰Ⱦ幤ǰξһƼνʱ ٳ߳;㡣ʱNB041Ϊ֪() ݡϼ¼ أδǵʱúܣһȥμӿƿͳһϯһձָʹá ŰݿͣҪӲװ棬˺˽ʿѡݳ ʱƥ¿NB041ӡػ30ģʱ Ժ˵ Ҫӭˣֻ600СǮʱΪ鰡Ǵӣ ˸ȡһ룬һԺ󣬺NB041Ҳ˽ʿΪ  
ֲܹƼ600СǮεһ棬СμȻƹ һ˰棬ޱĻһ굽ͷжϡúNB041 δ ʱʲĶΪȣָȰ沾ɸۡ Ȱ 칤쵼Ǯ˼Ϊ󽵵ͻȼ⸳ۣǮ лߣûǮлߵСأͬ㣬ũߡѼȫʲ  ޶˵һȡո˰ʱĹҲ𣬱˰Ѿ ֿ֦ǮǵĲĵȥˣƶ» ɶ䣻֮ңڰѳ֣⡱(弯26 ֮ס) 
ƷȣҪةһȣʱһطݵƷ ʵ鲾ǣֹֻĳһ棬ΰȾʲôԭ ?ǡһ֦ʡһֱӿƣҲݲñ˲ˡ 
 
ʱֳξƣͨξ˳ϻųǰһ УξġʼξְûˣԵʷ ְϰϰϽϵ䡱ү⣬ơáĻةС áξʷСáʿǵĽзˡ 
ͷĻξغʱȷĹְ涫κ ߣةξ־顤ᴫǣܳ͢ ةةתةܲٵǡТΪɣξ (־κ顤ۼ͡)ǾأξĸܲǷ ܱΰġ ݡ־ע˵ܲ١ξݣšɫҸʮ öзߣܺǿ԰ɱ֮Ȩ˶常಻⣬ֻ˲ ҹеĽ㱻ʵΧ˿ᣬץѱǹ ˵ûһ£쵽ȥѹƽйίɵϲ ξġ־顤ǡԹµأ˲ֱͨ븿ʣ ȶ٣ϵ侱塷Ƶŷϣδ ûɫ緡д˵ʱξӡ緣ξݡ˵ξҲ ԵɱȨ常м͸˵ʱССξˡ 
ʱξְȻϮһΰξжξ һһξǲܲٵǵ磬ȫûˣƷÿ£ξǴӰ Ʒ£ξǴӾƷ£΢˾Ʒʮ˼Ͳ㡣 
ǰξƷ΢ȻƵڳ֮ʿ˳;ɴ˶һ ˣеξľ׾׵ǵںСȶʮ ʫ䣬ٵ⣬ȥNB034NB035ξԪξ ֵξ ͥ޵ξȣࡣ룬ôĺһСسǵġ ֳλϣæȥִвץ˵£δЩڹŴȴǼ γƶȣҲϮƳ;ԹξңרŴץӱ λȨ̾ǴǮξ𣬡ļ־ϻȥѲĹ¡ʷ ν壬ڡˮ䰴ﱻȾúңʷ϶˵һСС ξľСʤ١ƪĹ־Ի ϣǣгԻʦ ԻʦģʦΪξǧ˸ܣʾ ׷ϣʮˣڣһ԰¡ʲô ?ӦĶеġӸѧʿĹ־Բ֤ʦġ ͰʿڣڵϹɡξʱƽãޱӱνߣ Ī֮תӾ׷ھϣ֮ȥʦ ξְءԴδʷҳܶࡣ硶λҪʱ Ϫξž챣ȣˮǿͬһʮˡ ԡǷʱξղʹǰѹ   
ϵ䪥(3)   
ԪʱξְȻڣݳѲξ˾ͬʱ˵ʷֹٳơ ξ ȡˣԭȵְƴ±ʳ֣ߵȹʷܣЩѲ ѹֹѲ졣峯ϮƣҲÿʷһԱڷֹ Χ⣬ٽɫʶֱĿĿͷǹ Աеβ͡עĿı仯ǣʱĵʷƷȸ£Ʒʮ˼ һҲûͽϣСδδҲǹѭǰξ ɹͨҲNB032ȦڵһԱתҲдة ֪ ְĻᡣΰҵ¹Լšĩ½ʷʵνʷӦԪԷ йӢûüΣѽΧסˣʱ ︺ʵεģǸոսεĵʷӦԪţ Ϊ쵼˱׳Ľسս͹ȥξɳ͢ίһʷ ڣӦԪǱͨˣȴɵϷδ 
ʷϣӦԪǵʷнϳһλ˻Ϊֵʷ ٳμǡ˼ѧĵʷԶ˽ʷ Ǯ ˽ģЩʶֵλȫ鿪ñǮǮʷ÷ ТܣȻֻһΣϵǮʵŪüĻһǣһ Ƭ·ӣסլٲ۴СҪٲŲТ˵ Ǯʷͨ·ӣʡȻ·ӣΪʲô֪أӡ֪ǮʷҲ иۡݡ֮٣ҪЩЩԼ岻² ֣Լ㣬ҪʦүͬŶүһ֣Ͷһͷһһİ ȥñپˣԷʷģ¹ףʵǡ 
᲻ᡰʷǱ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
᲻ᡰʷǱ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ᡰʷǱ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ᡰʷǱ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ᡰʷǱ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ᡰʷǱ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʷǱ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʷǱ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ   
ϵ䪥(4)   
ʷǱ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʷǱ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʷǱ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʷǱ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʷǱ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʷǱ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʷǱ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ǳ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ǳ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ǳ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ǳ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ǳ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ǳ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ǳ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ǳ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ   
ϵ䪥(5)   
Ǳ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ǳ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ǳ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ǳ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ǳ㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
㵽ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ҪˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ   
ϵ䪥(6)   
ˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ˡʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʱϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʱϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ϰоͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ϰоͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
оͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
оͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
оͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
оͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ   
ϵ䪥(7)   
оͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
оͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ͷƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ͷƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ƣҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ƣҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ҪǮ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ҪǮ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ   
ϵ䪥(8)   
Ǯ?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ǯ ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
 ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
?ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʷҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ҪǮʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ǯʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ǯʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʷ˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ   
ϵ䪥(9)   
˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
˼ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʷеά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
еά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
еά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
еά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ά֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
֮Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
֮Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
֮Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ   
ϵ䪥(10)   
Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ҫһ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
Ҫһ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
һ㣻ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
һ㣻ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
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ʷ?ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
ʷͬ ȫĹ˼ɣǮԵģ¹ףʵǡ̰ѳǵ ԡ 
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ڵһ߾ȡһѧضŻġ ʲôԵ?и⡣йŴĻ֮һĻ ڴ£˵;ǱѧѧְƣǹһѧͶ ѧĹԱһһѧֱ쵼һ棬Ҳͬһĵطָ ͿˡƣͰѧԱһNB032˿Σһ ϵ ⣬Ϊ̫үȻԿƾٳΪ࣬Ҳзǿƾٳģر ơ ࣻΪѧϯѧڣɴι⣬ضɿƾٳ˵Ρ ƾ̫үҲǵһNB032ҪʱʱΪʦ  
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˼ǣѧǵġδȻߵ㣬ɡ״ȴ޷ͬNB032  Ϊƹܵһ̯ȫĻ񣬲ϲľޣҪ 㣬ÿļ衣ѧ⣬Ҳ¸ĻᡣԹѧ𶼱 šˮš½ԪNB053®ʶܹѧ  ɽѧ͸NB042ǣһ¿Խ̣ʮоŷֲ١ʺ ѧѧԫǣ𵱴ůйٶԾæ¿϶дʵ 
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ͺ«(Ĺл)ҲרѹƺԶǣһĴϧࡣ˭ ʱطסûһƽһǺ䱻ʱ ЦЦţ 
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Ӻ䣬ڸиСԱ()ĳϰºܰͽᡣӺ (1728)Ԫ ϣͬǶؼҹȥˣֻһڻ¶áȵôͻȻ иڷߴ˽ĳֵ͢ԱǰѲģæվӭӣһ ȾơȻʲô١ĳ˵ǹ٣ССĹ¡ ʾЩ£жͬ£ȥˡĳ˵Щշ֮ ͬʮˣڶؼҹˡʣΪʲô?ĳ˵ ͢ أԱ㣬һ⣬̽˭?ʣкô?ĳ ϣѡһСʣСȤ?ĳЦ ãѡ㶫Ӳ٣ǾǴȤ!˲⣺ΪʲôƴȤ?ĳ ǸӲںߣѽͷֺ˼ Ÿȥ   
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һҹ޻ڶȥǵ糯(Ӻ)ʹ̸깫 󣬺Ȼʵ ûкӲ?˵аڵڸĳںӲ١ ǿͷּ˳󶼾Īû˵ϡյ㡱Ӳٵģοô һСòСĹôᡰϴ?һλС̫ϸԭ λȥڸҹˣ! 
һյĳΪ㶫Ӳٵʥּ͵ڸĳּϲô ͬҲĽѡ 
һ֡δС٣ͷɳԽС١־س ͳָġ١жĿ?عΪ 
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롰١ǡɶյǡ١Ǿ٣ƹܵط˺ ٰдĹԱΪۺԵվÿضһ⻹ձ ụ̈ǵشͨͨרŵˮ䡢䡢ȡݸϽ һУм101ÿ䣬᷿䣬ͤһһ 䣬 һǽԫһΧʲȫ(ʱݸ־)ˮ ̷ֶΣ Ԥƥʹֻģ;ʺ͹רߣʮ( 1497)ʱ ȫе324䡢ݡϵͳǶģ˾£ϵ ͳܼ֮ة˾͵ʹʹȴǹԱеȫس ͳϽ 
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˶ʿЦЦ¼ڣһרŵġʮø衷ѧ ֮⣬𡱡ࡱ̡֮࣬Կɰݽȥﲻһ¡  
 
һ֮ٳƵãƬϵãʮٺãرãʹ ã鷢ãƷùٿãſãƷãʮָ˲á 
 
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ɮ١һְòڣӦ˵һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
ɮ١һְòڣӦ˵һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
١һְòڣӦ˵һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
١һְòڣӦ˵һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
١һְòڣӦ˵һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
һְòڣӦ˵һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
һְòڣӦ˵һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
һְòڣӦ˵һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
һְòڣӦ˵һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
һְòڣӦ˵һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
һְòڣӦ˵һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
һְòڣӦ˵һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
һְòڣӦ˵һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
һְòڣӦ˵һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
ְòڣӦ˵һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
ְòڣӦ˵һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
ְòڣӦ˵һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
ְòڣӦ˵һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
ְòڣӦ˵һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
ְòڣӦ˵һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
òڣӦ˵һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹    
Ի(6)   
òڣӦ˵һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
òڣӦ˵һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
òڣӦ˵һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
òڣӦ˵һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
ڣӦ˵һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
ڣӦ˵һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
ڣӦ˵һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
ڣӦ˵һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
ڣӦ˵һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
ڣӦ˵һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
ڣӦ˵һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
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ڣӦ˵һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
ڣӦ˵һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
Ӧ˵һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
Ӧ˵һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
Ӧ˵һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
˵һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
˵һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
˵һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
˵һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
һ?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
һ֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹    
Ի(7)   
֮ ١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
?١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
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١ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹? 
ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
ҲûеģھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹? 
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ھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
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ھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
ھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹? 
ھƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
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ƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
ƷڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹? 
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ڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
ڵѲ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹? 
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Ѳ졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹  
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졢ѲȣȻҲòȥ貹? 
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Ի(8)   
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ϲë٪(1)   
̡֮һģνϲˡ˵ذɣ л֮ܲţ˵ҵɣȷȷʵʵǹٰ 塷Уԡϲľǣ׾νר Ժνϡרϣ÷νרУ©԰ν רʬƼٰȥֿɴϸϲࡱˡ 
˵ӡ񡤵ع١˾ͽļΪʱй൱ ˿ڱˡνԱϢУһǡס֣עǣ ףνҲ֮ĸ֮⾡ʱԽƶǣŮʱ ñٸɹٸҽػкĽһŮĽһ Ůģɹٸɸĸ(Խ)ٸ Ҳרŵġ ס٣衱ӵ⽻˰һȫҵ ˰ˣĻٸһķͱķĿȫɹ  ػСƹ¡٣רŸ¶˼ң˼⸳ ¡ٻҪȥ̽ʡغʼְȫΪŵķΡ顤ֱ أֱ뵱ϢسʱϷɱǱӤֱԸ飬  ΪȣȻǵٺҪ׼ȥϣسˣ ĸУΥС֮䣬ϢǧС˵ǿ ˼سŵ棬кȫȡӡŮȫȡŮ˱ʱʷ صĹٰ׾ֳˣԹٸǮ׻ָ鸾С ȴ֮衣׾ռҲнӤõģרŵġƹ¡ ֮٣ٸƣְ 
˵ϡŴлͳֱϵǾףǡТ νТТףθ裬(ǡ 塷) ЩûŮĹϣ嵳֧ܼ̳ȲƲˣҾҪ չˡǡơԻѧѧڶ ԡԺǺѧУһġʹͬغ תΪسȫձ齨ԺƶȣԱοʼԪΪԺ Ԫͨơ涨ѹ¶м޸ߣԺӦ ӦߣסϮԪؾԺʼǡ˵Ȩ ԱûҲ󣬾ס˺ԺֱԺΪԺϷ УǸιҲӳȻ 𹩷? 
ҲϴͳκʱСʹ⼲Ӵҽ֮Ĺ ҽԺ(Կ27)ƴʱڷ˶׵ǰ Ժİɱ Ϊά־ѡγȻָֻˣƶԵ ʦиԺȫа÷ξʱһʿ·ʿ ׫Ľйطƶлߵ 
 
ӺȳӣеûֱϵеУȴû Ǿʵ۵ĸ˰ල(ָطԱ)ߣǵܵ 顣 ֮ģͽǣǣ û˰ලپɵʵ۵ҽԺΪʵڸǶдҽԺ кܶ෿䡣ҽԺĹҪӦЩԴķ䣬ʵ۵ĹҪΪ ˸㹻𡣪 
ûڴϵȳÿһĴף׺ҽԺһЩ άЩָûʧͬʱΪЩԺһ㶼 ǻв֢֮ǵõ˰ල֮Ժ˶Ǽ ᣬÿҽԺĹԱҪ滨ֺ;ȼƶвְأǾͻ ܵϳ͡(ӢCR࣬θ߼룬ʮйϲм͡ л)   
ϲë٪(2)   
 
˼˵ǣ·ʿνӡ͡ȳӡָɥʧͶıĲȱˣν ҽԺָмй˵ĽзǱԺԺԺȡνҽԺ ĹָЩָɹЩˣʵ޹ְơ 
ᣬǴͳйĻ֮һ棬ʱӪĹ͹ ʷʵдڡ顷ġֱʱگȫ ؾӪڣƶȡλʱ˵ǲ̾⣬ڣĻձ鿪衰 ©԰˼ǻʶ֮¶ʩҲЩ˻ݹ©ȫض ʾӪĹĹ԰񡣷ƽ޵ذߵģṫ Ĺ ԰߻ƶͥᡣЩطԱĿˡ ΪԿɵԺԺĻô̾Ҳ©԰ˡ 
Щ߻ʣ֪⽨ֻѹϰգôϰ ϲ?ҲмԭһҵĲ Ǹ˰˿ھǸ˰ԴȪ ˻ĳԶ棬ҲȡϡЩͳĻӰ 죬ȻǲСģʬûǳ磬еغ ƾʲôװģȥ ?ȱ˵ǶǿݣصĵȼƵĶٶ뱾ط˻ ĿһҲǴ̼ء 
ͬƹ¡֮ٵʧͬҲûԺ÷©԰һר ƣҲְƹܡԣ͡ٲ»ɮ١١ҽȣڼ  Ҳ»ĸһˡǼˣͽЩְҲ治١Ͻ ûУϰȴͬʲô׳࣬ôҲǸġë١? ë١ġرߣίεġʵʱö һְȫٴιٴʦүǸռˣҪǸǮƵϷ ˣǡ١ƺ͸˳һЩٴʵϽͨͬ׺ϵĻ ˣطļѴڣԸ?ٸ򵥵 ĶիСʶ˵ĹصԺشϣʮ䣬 45ˣÿÿ¸׶Ǯ45ģÿ³ȥزߡʵԺ  ûЩԺרԡնÿʱȥһЩӦðǮסõ ߵпף෽棬ҲͲˡ 
ƽ֪صǡҲⷽʮ (1 590)εģڴ֮ǰƽԺԪ(1573)ʮ (1582)Ⱥ 2165λƶϼÿÿ귢ֿⲼһƥÿ·̫ةÿ ¸ԺһΣᷢţίһͷܡʱνƶѡ  桱̾䣬ʮһʮһѾȥĲϻ ŵʮ֮һûУֵ˶Сơ΢ǶһЩȺ Ȼ϶NC026߰ʮˣ¡Ⱥڱٵ·Ϸã  Ӱ첻ã쵼Ҫ֡٣Է ʱԭʼԭ꣬Ϊðˣʮ ʮˣʮһʮˣʮ߰ˣʮһ߲ʤ Ժ壬׼֮֮ίţ֮ͷ ֶ֮һڣĪ䡱Ȼѵ޽˹ͬˡҪԵдʹ ޲裬ɢʳǶѾܳȥҪˣ޷ϣޡȻ 켯ðӦ֮Ա٣ɼҲǡ֮䣬ó ʡ̫ʯⲼƥѡȫǧأÿжٲ© ôù? 
ҲжҪˣ˵Щϲ¶ôռɣ ǱϾڱ֮ڣôԷ?   
ϲë٪(3)   
һȤʱر峯кڣְ  ?ʹ⡰ϲĸֵġ峯к֮󿪱 ֪ģݣǻҪں潲˵˵ְȡ֮굽 ԻȻЩȻֺʱһҪʵ˰һҪ͸ļ裬 ļйˣɵطǮˣҲ ԮƷȡسٵ˽ӵּίЩŴ׾֡Ժ©԰ Ȼ˾һ̰ţҲΪǱǴٸܴҵģ ˳¡ЩǷѲƻ߽ļƵĺûˡΪ ƽһëΣĿƷԼõģмĹ;͹ˣ ƽգòģһԱ⣬̫ ЩϱЩĿӷҲܿɹۡǰ ͽд󲿷ֹһ˻򼸸˵£һŹԼò˻ ˣʽ˾ЩǮһƱߣϵĿ£ ֵ¡չҪѾ˾Ű񹫲˽ģЩ ϡڰϣϡˣԼᷢɣ֪ЩǮҲ׬ ҲˣҲ!ٳμǡʮĻؽһλơ带 Դ үүﴴƾ٣ʲô裬ͷˣûһ 带Ҳʵмˡ带ÿһ裬꣬Ȼ ֪Ҳָ̨ʡ㽭Ϊ⾰ãӺɴϼ ơǸǴ˵еľӢʿˡ 
ˡë١Ҳһ˲ģسվеһԱ     
 ͼ   
Ŵٳͼ   
йŴٳϣһСġ塱ϷͼҲ Сѡ񡱻򡰰ٹ족˵״ƴ峯Ծɲ˥ʢ См䡣淨ǰѱĸְֹơѡηʽƶȡ ٺ»ʹʩݵȫһŻֽϣȻ ӮһΪ֮ʼԺԼΪΪΪΪ̰ΪΪ Ƽ࣬ΪξֹߣйΪߣߣʼ΢ ٿȻλߡ(Կ33)֡伢ʽġ ١Ҳƽ ̬ЧðɣʵʿڹҲûõġ̶֥顱 ϵͦ𾢡ʫЦƣ޼Чͽи ϸ 
ʵδӡߡΪе㡰Ԣ֡ءˡͼ һƵĴ֪ʶȻءǡЩСϾڹپУ ɴñĹҲ?οٵˣ߾ӶмġΪξ ֹߡ?ԱȽǱʷѧNB065۹˾нʿ  20꣬ͼúܾٲȺ飬ͼֽЩȫ żϸע⣬ȻԳɵרҡ˾ࡶͨʱص  
ƵġͼϸݣѾѵÿҪԹŴ Ļ Ƕǰһѽܹĸɫ١Ա֪ʶиӽһ˽⣬»б ҪЩƴӹֽ﷭΢һ   
ϻࡤͭʿӿƪ(1)   
ڳɻʮ(1478)ɽة̷ڱμӻԻݡϲ ʡ ѧصظʫףأ 
 
һٳܲʳűУš 
׼ʷγδ򡣪 
ԣ־ѳꡣ 
ȴѾﲽޡ 
(ԡ𭼯׼2) 
 
̷ԭĴ®ݣʱʫС֮䣬׼γǸة Ӧעǵһ䣬ͬڹУС֮? ͼϵһνڸɫġ֮ʼ 
Ҳ;˵ǺѧйضõʸģȫԳΪ ;ϸһЩֻоƾٿԶ¼ȡĽʿˣſΪ ;е;һȨƺͽǮȾǷ񴿴ˣǾһ ˡΪйŴƳлţҲʱзģһŶۡ 
ǰѾ֪пƾƶؼٺNB032ټǽʿ ߲ µ𲽡رʱһĸʿɶϡ¶Ҷ ĳż¼˵ǿнʿʱʮɵصة NB032 ǽʿǿ磬ȴᡣƫƫвʵ䣬 ֵǡ(ǿ)Ⱥʸ񣬳ϷŪ ǿҶ ˹µı⣬һڿʱжٽʿŲ־״ʱ ʿƲЩְ˼ȷʵǴڵġʫ˸ڷξʱд  
 
ұҰһߡ 
էɿУ糾? 
ֻСΪŰ½ڡ 
ӭٳ飬̢˱ 
 
鸰Ϊ񣬽ҵôÿЩ ̢۸ϰյĹӡ?ѹָҪɧˡ 
ʱNB032ѡƶȺ˻·˱仯ʱ̫ Ԫ עΣǿѡعԱӦʸڽڲٺҪƼǲûн ʿˣ˹Ҳûеˣͨ˺áع õĿԽεֱ֪ڵԱԱ;һЩ ǱȽϤĺޣͶԾ˳ʸѧȸ ȫ˾١ ȫ׹ǰѵϾݶʷݣ  ȥеģôҲƷε֪ˡ峯ʱٳϵķ䣬Ҷ뵽 ȥ١ԭܼ򵥣١Ч桱ȱֱŪǮİ취 ꪡND044ʡ Уרһ𡰾ٿνٺʱټУգ෽ʡط أСƷ֥̫үǮŵعףҲ֪ ٵ˿ɹ˲ЩˣǰͲñȥų 
ôٳϵǶȥطϸɣη?͵űݡ 䡷ͳƣȫ һ1314ţ145ͬɢţӣ1460 ʸδ˹ٵˣĿԶԶֹ¾ͳˡ 
ڵһλĻǽʿμӳȻַʡϰ򲹡С¼  ̫үλÿճˣϾ͵ȥģνϻࡱˣ ¿ƽʿ򳯿죬ɵԺѧϰкʿɢݣ߼ ﵱֱޡ֮࣬߾ȥطϵ١ֵʵݣＰ̫ ү׸ɣҲָȥطԾɴƷ֥𡣲 ?ǱСȱƶȣھ͸㰲źĶˣòź򲹣 ֱξСˡϻࡱš 
ȽʿԴζڵڶλǾˡʿСǡһ ڡԺľ˽ӦλԶߣͿԵע ÿ꣬Щһмѡһȥط٣С ߣַȳ·һȰŵ֪ءةδʹʹ貹Ϊͬ ֪ СȣоŰࣻڶȰŵ͡ѧѵࡣᱡ߸ȡ ţС̡   
ϻࡤͭʿӿƪ(2)   
Ľзʽ󳼾СԡΪʵյ һڸμӡľÿ20Ϊһӣźȥ һӦһȫ󣬴һ£ֿʼˡȳ һȲˣٳ˸˸ȫûϣɡʣµľŸٳ ͡ѵǰĶȲˡȻ20ȫ˳ȥٻһӽ 
ҪˣԿδţƾʲôݷֵһȶȣƾɶ޳ ɡ? 
ƾòȫˡ˪ݸҲûãǿͺ Ρǰ˸֣ͬɡԵ˺ֵ 
ͬǳķᡱͷֱ峤ա ǳ̷ݶУվöֱʺĸֵģѡ 
бסǴͷС壻ǵʣɡ Сͷ塣һĸֵģѡڣǸ֪ΪЩѡҪ ɡˣվһһշŹϵģˡ 
Ծ;ģǸѧУѧ׶̫ѧ ̫ѧ̫ѧĽйӼˣֽм̫ѧǴѧѧ һһġһʽءѧԼеĸ(ȡ )Ͽ ϣҲԸֹڣʵҪǿˡ硶ԡı߷ 57 ŵù6l֪أǸˣܰͽNB032Ͳˣ гְġ 
ٺ٣Ҳ;ܲξǿٵģǰ̫Ӽ˲ һҲڼڣӹ߷֡˷˵£ͼ ٱ٣ʸǰһڽϲ԰ù٣һ ɾ߼ԱֱƸ˲ţʱҲ٣ëԼ峯Ǭ¡ʮһ (1 776)Ѳɽ˻ʫΪţԣر  ӢдǩҲ٣Ժͼñ٣ɳȥǾƷΣ Ǯ٣һƷƷةһʫˣ߹١١ ·ҲֻϸҲǲԻ֮أ һΡڡ˻治ٰ 
ϮͶȣȥҲΪ;ʵμɲ ܡκʱϮǳģŷдٵȨñǰ̲ͨѪ ҺɸĸȾŮ±ȾȥǴ֮ͨ飬֤ ̲רǰĽʱɳӵܳȥ̫үǵ͵ӡ ʱϮ΢һ㡣ƳƷϹԱӵ̫ܿѧ͹ѧΪ  ùٴγġ񡱸ģࡢʹʹϲ ӵܣԿɵù٣ò껹ɷָˡȻֱӡĹ٣Ʒǽ ͵ġϪ̸һ£游У һѳ޵ŮΣҽϿҩתΣΪŮҪװѽꡰ ϣΪлΪѵ˵Ѿһҽ  ŮӦֻȰٵꡣ֪Ϲְ ´λҽûҽԸĲѾˡѶȥ˵ƶ °ı񲹡ϲ֮£˼ жȥˡھж?ʵֻǸСС̡ 
ԪʱϮתΪȻԪʱعٶϮԪʱϣܡ궼 취νعഫǷ񲻿ĺعԱ ū䲿£سͣǰޡ(إʷNC021 ǡ30) ƣƴķʽƷ(Ʒ)ĹԱ һӽ Ӽ顣ɻʵر׼ģС񡱣ǰѳְģС񡱣 ǶԡʿӵܵرŴԲƷˡʮ(1813)  壬ԥ³ֱʡϰѲսԻ壬׷֪أָ һӾƷ΢ܵˡٵ䡱͢ҪСٴӴ˸ ŵְвġ   
ϻࡤͭʿӿƪ(3)   
ͷſ;;ı𾶡٣ ʱڣȽ϶ࣻԪʱΪһЩ߼ԱҲʱ ǨԵúˣܹӾƷδѺܲסָġռҽ ҩѧյרҵԱְֻ֮ǶԿרҵҽ ѵȣй˻Ӫģ۵Ļᡣ弾ιѲ˪NB 066 һ˶͡Եﵱҽ٣˵٣ɲμòʱҲ ϳһϳձˣιʣԭӻһֲֹۿû ˡ˪NB066Լȥϣ˴Ȼҽˡ˪NB066һ ¬ŵ Ѳ졣Ȼһ˳츮ӵֱܶġŵѲ죬ŵŵð ֪ɶˡȸϵʡ֪ܶŮ˹ۿ ѽȻòǲ֢ͺǰλϳһƫƫϳ  ﵱͳûƼˡѲҩܶСƽƽص ˹Ӵ˵Ĺ˺ͨһֱԱ صӰĽ 
Ҫ˵ģνˣǮ٣Сߡߡɡŵ ںʱˣ˾磬Ϊɵġۡۺϳ ۣٸ֡ĳֻ峯ڣر̷Ժ󣬹Ҳ ԽԽˣҪô࣬Ϊ֮Ҫ캣ˣС ҪƺˣС֣ɽֺˣСؽʵپ衱 ְԱԴδһֱ赽Ա 
һﹲ£Ҫڰڸԡ? һǱ٣Ƕ񣬿ǮٵأҲиν ơͭʿˡһ£һʸҲˣȻҲڴ 磬ֳЦ?(1913)ϺɨҶɽһ ٳٹ¼ժ¼һƪȨ䱾ڽβ 
 
һְ֪ؽʿ()ĻԻĹԺΪѣΪ? ĻԻֵһ뿴ñʺ÷ñʺüΪģñʲü Ϊġͷ򡣡 
ȶϣٶʿǰѵ֮Ի걲뽲ñʣñʺ÷Ϊġʿ ޵īκȻΨΨԻĳʱģñʣÿһ֦ Ԫ졣֮á   
״֤رƪ(1)   
峯ǰڣʡ׮ٳţյβõĶ۲ʹͣĸ һ״ʴСðΪ᷸֮ܵ䣻ּʵ˵֮ ϵָðȡٵʸ񡣪 
۲ʹֽ̨˱棬ⰸԵɰʹʹ ϸ鿴ûɶ©ԭ㽭ԡһة л ֻǮ֪أָֽպ򲹡ⶼͬλʵλʱľɻˣ˹ ̳ȱϣ꣬СԱ֮һǴ߿Ʊ(ŵ) 㸳˰ ǻϹ˾İ˾ءٹ˾ֽ ֪أǽأˮ㣬Ҳס߼ٻ˼ңټ ʡ𡢵𡢸ȸȫӭȷ¡Ϊλ ү磬Ӧˣһʱûӣûѹ ӾһԱתˡ 
һߺ˾ɲһ߱ͷˣ֪һλү(  ʷ)Ҳ֪Ķõķùʽ¶˳ν¶֮ ӣִˣҰ⣬зſˮʯ 
ʹүɲԸʪͣ˸˵λĳ˸յã ಻˽⣬ԭ㽭ԭȷʡݽ졣һƣ Ӻתȥ㡣ʵιʱλĸѲݹ״ֽ ֪˼ð꣬ɲѽѲ Ҳ?˵ʱԭ˵ĴǽĽ㽭㸧ԭ֡ʵ أͬʹתͷһܹ»СС»áû뵽λĸ ˸⣬ո治ɣүȥ棬ͬʱֻǮ˶һλү ڳ͢ϰ½ҷүˣ̫ҲҪʽӽʡ Ͳòز鿱һˡ 
಻ñ£ԭ͵ıͣһλ ֵܣϮ񡱵ةӦоˣӲ֪أȫλֵܵ¡ λأһԲĻʦү˶ԹٳϵºϤ˵ʵ ڱ ࡢ֮˳ȥձϹ˺˶ŸɣûȵձȾ ˡѶĸ˵ͣ˵ѾôǮʹ˷ɥע Ǵʧ?ð棬ǰΣȫʧ׷أ ĶָͬʱִӦĸֶ̫̫Сһ򣬾ⲻ Ĵӵɥ£ðǰաµףʹ ֮ʵ棬 
Ļļ̫ͣүȻǵӦ֡Ȼĸֺ¸ ֳ?ëðƻͬѧϡλ͸͵ľͬѧ֪ ġݰ֮ҲȷʵĴɵڶĸͬѧϸӼáʱһ ˺ͨһ˱ΡĸҪϷӭֶҪ Ǯ£װƣͬѧ˳ԱŸͬѧ ĸظ״һλ׼ǡڽհ˾Ļֳ׷ ַ粨Ҫ֤ʵүǼٻѣֻԭλ һϣЧ 
⻹ɶɱ?ʱ䣬үԭСӣͷЩأǮ ˲٣ȳһ´㣬ᷢ䣬ԡĿ̱Ǣ (桶೮ࡷ) 
һʷʵ¶йŴطԱƶϵһЩ©֮ǲ ˵ƣⷽĻڴεڽһ¡ 
˵Աεʽ壬仯ܴ󡣱ʱι٣Ҫ֮ غʱܹٵͬʱӡ緣Щȥط( ) ةξְٵˣӻʵǶֽӹͭӡЯӡΡǾһιپ Ҫһӡ̫鷳Ҳ̫˷ˣŰӡ緵ĽӸСˣֻҪý ΣҪûʵ۽ӼһΣ˵Ļνһ ֮١ ʱиأ˵ؽºȫøһƪлǰĽ ȥξƤԹļܿһƪлξ һΣ¶֮ûжµıʾǲеġ壬л ĳɵлͳллǳûʵټʱͷлǵ νӡٳűǵ׵Ķ²һ顣һ䡢Ѳְ֮ ټʸҲֲϣȥʹлȻҲֻǸʽȥǶ źˣм?   
״֤رƪ(2)   
ûӡ緣ƾʲô֤ԼǸιԱ?ƾί֤ ǰָĳĳְ֤֤˾ĳˡľƺв ͬƳʱ֪ءNB032˵״Сּ ƷδͽСвγʱԱ֤СƳ С֤ʾ֤ʸټϡּڡв ˵˿ʲôˡ 
ǰðٵóѵҪ֮һ©ȿ ¼йصʱ֤Ľ骩ܡ 
 
NC021Ω˵òơ ƷģڣۣɺۡơСڣС֮ۡࡣԪ Ĺƣʼ֮ 
 
Ӧ˵Ӱδ£Щйس֤ò˵ѾǺϸ ٸÿ˻һȫ񣬶ġǻɣҲ аް̣ݳ̣ȷļ׼ų֤ 仯ȫ֤ϵ?һ˵ òεĴʻ㣬ܲѴСݸ߰Ƥ⼸䣬ͨԼǿ ðĻرϾǺܿġ˵֮ң¹϶ɣϮαð ͸¶ʱðŷϢˡ峯ʱĹԱ֤ƶȣ ͬΣʮĿ֮״ӹŮǮùյѺ д 
⡮ӹҵ֣⡮ʮꡯҾ ⡮Сס롯˵ҵòһϻɫģǻӡ  
ٵˣǿһƾݣʹûգҲ˵ǹ٣Ҳ˵ ǹ٣ôƾ? 
 
ŹϵġСס롱˵ɣ ˲ʤͻ? 
ȻһʣҲգҲգ˴С ٲͬڡͬ塢ͬ硢ͬѧȸύϵɣðƵү ܰЩʶĿ˶Ǯסͣڽ̳ ôЩм? 
ʣ˹ŴιƶϵһڡرơŵĴߣ дšྲرܡĻͷƣϰյġү ϶һϣҲ˵ǡرܡĽ 
֪̺ʱùְҪݣǿѪԵϵ ̶ȡǵսʱһЩΪľʼáΨ͡ȡΨ ˣΪʼγɵιٻرƵȺӡԽԽ»һرܡ رܡرܡְرܵȸֵڵסףͬһ  ְְټĹְھʵְرܣ¼ Ҳһá峯ʱرܣʦйʦͬѧͬšͬ ϵģҲûرܡڳεطԱоǼرܣһЩǱ ˲ع٣ֻةբһ̶֥ҲþԶԶġḮ Ԫ꡷ϼһƳʱСٳȥʱĳ棬ʮ־ʡ 
 
Աʺѡˡη?ע⡣ νϣ֮¤ҡĪܲ⡣ 
 
ʵϡ⡱ܼ򵥣ڵ̫ϵ֯һΥ ʱ˹ٱ˹ϡ ǻƺӳ峯ʱһЩʡ˾Բʡ٣ʡ Ҳþϼ500֮⡣жһӵѧ٣ԲرܱʡҲ ְ⣬ֻҪʵرܵͻƶȶǬ¡ʱ̨ ɽ֪سȱⶨ㶫ڷΡܶӦ׵֪ɽвԭ ڹ㶫Ͽ֡ڷȨԹ˽顱뻻ˡǳ͢׼֮ ⣬ֶһµĹ涨ųְ́٣㶫Աرܡ ֵ̨˿ڹɵĻϣŽرܷΧӹ㶫ȫʡݡݡӦ    
״֤رƪ(3)   
رƶȵȷĳ̶ֳ϶Կ˷ϵԵطεĸԤһá ðٵ˵Ƿֹ¶ЧʩˡȻȽԽƷ ȵ΢ģԽĳðNB032һͲ̫ˣΪһ ĹԱ Ҫȥʡμ˾͸ĻһЩ©ķҲʹˡ үðٰҷΪհתNC022ҽߣСĹ Ʒ ϣؿɻసаǿαҲ벻αҲ(桶 ೮)ĩ֮ɴҲɼһˡ 
ʣǷĹԱȫΪʡ?ҲǣԹ ⣺ 
һǴ𡢵ᡢǭ¤桢ʡڵۼ֮غʼ  ù׶εİ취Ԫʱγ˾ƶȡһ棬ЩطҲ ţ͢ȥĹԱƽӸŶգѡҪյ һ棬һ˾ϵͳ˾˾˾Ŀ£֪ݡ ֪ءͬةȸͺְһĹְȫɵشСΣ ϮġһԾߣЩãרᣬ  ͬҲΪ֮ǿҲ˵峯ǰڣʼдģġ عԱ¡ʷЧǺԵġ 
һ⵹ǳԭ׷ӵĹɽ˵ƴ ʥ˺ᵣΣѡʥ١ֱ峯Ǭ¡ʮ(1756) ɽԺӵܶ ɽѲר裬֪ɿϮĲˣз𳤣ϵ櫣ǣ 棬⡣ΪѡؾÿһҡǬ¡˽齻ۣ ǲɡǸԭ֪һϮƷŴߣӴҲȫʵл ƶˡ 
رƶȣررܡְرܵݣҲδʧ壬ڹŴ ʱеļرһȴһЩձԵĲεľ۲ ˳˵˵еһԽϰСϴأ޸ë˥ ǲѴӺ֪µʫ֪˻¶꣬Ҳѹ 롰˹ٱ˹ϡĻرƶһϣʲô?ͤʼǡ˵ ںѧ٣ѧʱһڹ㶫ٻҶ֪Ԫ õ仹½ͨסͥ룬Ͷ (å)ϰ£һɽ  ˵ĻҪòͬԼ룬ν֮ͥ롱 ֱδʮԱֱϵرòʱ½ԣ˴˺ 񲻳˵ĺز?   
嶷סְ(1)   
Ԫ(405)죬ʫԨȥ;еһ ְйδְľͳġԨΪϸ 
 
գῤǲԻӦ֮Ԩ̾ԻΪ 嶷Сսȥְȥ 
 
µԵ𣬺ڰϲξϵö࣬ǰ ӰѶʺһ٣ֻʫˣ˸Ӷڲ֣ҹǰ һ䡰Ϊ嶷ǧԡ 
Ҳ仰һֱΪʷѧ۲ݵĿ⡣ΪӦܶ嶷 Ϲ⣬ҲͳɡΪһ֮ռϷĹ۵㣬ǽ ׽ٺ»仰ǡΪ嶷׵ٺ»Ҳ ɵģҪ˵ٺٺ嶷ףȻܣٺɣƺҲԲ Ϻšһ嶷ףһ¾15һ180֮ƶȣٺӦ400 ô220?òᱻ̰ܲ˰?Ǵ˼·͸ ˣ»øһĿ̰˶ 
⵱Ȼ˵ЦNB024嶷˽һЩŴŹԱ ٺ»ΣҲͦ˼ġ 
ʱٺ»ȫʳÿȡʳǵƷȣǾ ʯжǧʯǧʯĿٺ600ʯ1000ʯȣسٺ300 ʯ500ʯȣةξNB032ԱӱʯȰʯ֮䣬 С ʼٺ»ʽ˸ı䣬ͳΪʯʵǷһʳһǮ ܹԱǻӭΪڴ֮ǰԱҪǮĻ跨ʳԽ Ʒ鷳һЩԨǸ۵嶷ףʵҲǮȻϵĹٺƶй 顤ٹ־עٹٱע˵İʯǮǧ ʮ λµ2500Ǯ15ÿ30ƣǡһ嶷סŽͬ嶷 ׾ֵ٣ͬʱȽϡ顤طϼǺطԳƣʮ ߣʳĶײ̫үһٺףɹһѮʳһ¡ô ݷ룬̫Ͱ? 
ʵٺ»ֹǮʼٳƷռƣ ռϵջȫԱʱƷռʮꡣǵʱڽɽˣ ֻôҡнͳԨϽռ꣬ȫ( Ŵ֮ ࣬)˵ǡ᳣ھ!̫̫Ӧ־ (֮) о飬ǡʹʮĶʮĶ־ ȻǡϤ֡òԼȥġԨڡȥ ڴǹ֮ǰһ˼ǵռˣȫ ɡ˭֪òϢ¾ĸϿ쿪·ߴ⣬һ ̫̫ۿ׳ûߣ񲻿ϧ?õجģ Ա̫̫·ṩ˽ڡ 
ϱԱٺ»ѭǴйʷжϣռϵ Ϊŵλġʷѭд˵ʱ»âΪϣǰȥһ» ˡԫ֮ȥʱλûиϵâǰһսӡ緡һ Ʒ¸еı֣ʷټؽʷУûǵһԫ һȨյĹɽ׶ΡâΪϵ䷨ٽӡʱϵ 鷳ɣҲ̫ʼԪ(ϳĵţ424453)ĩĴ ƣ·» ĹﲻÿһģȥιԱʱרǰ 㡣ָΡ·»?ֻǰнˡ 
峯ٺ»ȫԭǹһһƷ»900ʯʹӰƷ50 ʯĹԱĻ»վ٣ĿȻߡƴһ ءʵǮСؽְƷ꣬ƷǶʮĶ ƷǶꡣְȡ֮أһ㰴Ķʳ⣬Ԩʹ ֡Ļɷݵı׼ǻعԱسߣԴϹ ŵñӡǴһЩʷϼƴʱְϵƺΪ ŵλˡżǡ˵׼ˣǰߣְס  ݣǰˣ˵Ͳʼʿ۳֮Ϊϳʱ ֮࣬ǹŴعǫٺ»ļѻ   
嶷סְ(2)   
ƹٵʵ룬Ծʳһ귢һΣǵطһҲ۰( 634 )˸߼ϱ˵ƶ»ִ ʱҲ δ档˵عԱǮ룬һЩǰڵİ취ó⡰Ϣ ְߵͷ䣬̫үĿةȡ̫үĶ֮һξּة֮һ ȡ¸м֮Ľ仰 ٣ͬꡰ۸ߵֱϵġʷ ֮ҡԺ󣬹ҸعԱƶͳһٺǮ׼ʮᣬةʮᣬ ξ ʮᣬ֧ȡա˰ȫʵеطɣȽϸأ  ԱʵԶԶ֣֮ЩƶعٺܿҲò һ仰ǷǱȫλġЧ桱 
ٺ»ԻΪˣ͵ʱƷѻ൱չᾭһ ġNC031ڱı¼¶γʱԱٺ뼫΢ٺʮᣬ ֮Ҷκ;ƵȹרƷξٺʮƴ֪ Ҫ˶ ٱھ(1006)йһΡյ֪صٺ Ǯ25ᣬ 7ǵطϹԱǮԲ٣ÿֻöĳɡī ϬϣһС£һλξոΣидϣ ʳξʫԻ 
 
پʮٺǮǮá 
޶δ㿷⼢ 
ⲻݣԾƳ? 
Ϊϳţ͡ 
 
پʮ֮ǡյı׼ǡǮʱǴۿ۵ġ ʵƴʱйҲʱԱһ֧нܴһʵ﷢ţ ǲġȻ򾡹ˣһʿξҪԹԿͰѺ ڵûǮȡأҪ뿪ԵѡʵֻҪС٣аƱӦ Ϫ̸ǣƣٺǮ߰٣ȯ(ţ 1008 1016)ΪʫԻְʵº֪߰Ǯ ո ⼸ʱ?֮͢Ի˺?ٺּһн  
ȻٺߵͣӦȽϡܡȻի̸¼һ׾䣺СС ԰ְݣһ·Ǯһ㡱ͨࡷ(1074)ʱ ۣǡ ϵȾÿʯΪǮһǧеȾÿΪǮʮġϪ̸ءʦʳΣﲻ ʮǮΧɽ̸ش(λţ11071110)ʱ ɶʮ࣬С ָ룬ֱԻʮǮҲЩ۸Ʋ⣬ξһҵ±ǿάֵġο ٺ⣬ʲôǮϡн̿Ŀ£治ˡ 
عԱٺǵκŷģֻҪµǰͿ֧ȫн Ϫ̸ɼϪǽϣһƪֵġһλٸһ ŵĶϱΪһµٺϱ죬ȫҸ ·ΣԼɼϪڣۿҪˣڱϣҪù޵ ֪ࡣ䣬С¹ˣƪߵˣص ȥƾλٸķĹʫʹ¹ĳǽдˣֽһ飬 Ϊ¹ūʫϧⱾҲȻܴлȡйصʱٺ֪ʶ Ҳ˽һЩ۶Դ˵Ŀ 
϶ɺ󣬹Աٺ»˽ϴȵߡӱйʷϴԳ ̴ƣһݽΪ£ڹ٣Ǯǧ ի()ν֮ξ߰˱ڴˣǧֻ»һСУ ܿʱ ǷҲ൱󡣵ַ˴ת䣬Աٺ»ԶԪ΢ ׳䣬̫үٺΪ90ʯةѧٵ78ʯ66ʯȣδ ְ36ʯʮ֮߰˸ףֳʮְ֮ȫס׺ͳۼ ?ݡ䡷һʯ۳20ᡣʼš˵¾(1434) ʱ NC032ܻ£Ϊڹٺ϶Խÿʯ10ᷢʦ ۣ֮ Ϊ15ᣬСٲ߶ӡ(ʼš10)ͨ ͣռ Բףȼһƥ200ᡣ֯ҵչ죬ֵһƥ ֡ŹԱ˴ӹõࡰٺ»߿Լȥˡ   
嶷סְ(3)   
߹͹ȣ峯ĹԱٺ»𲽻ˮƽٺ нٺ»ףнǰ̫үٺ45ǰһסʮø衷 νʮٺáǾӵĶˡȻԪȽϣ ԪʱƷ͵ĹԱʮӿɵáԭӺʵʱָطٸ һ˼ͨǺϷķʽ֤Ϊࡣ û ȫͳһı׼ȫصġЧ桱֪ۣ´ÿ꼸ֱһǧ ȡڡࡱҪǷΪιʵ֣ȫһˡ 
׻˵֮治СйŴʷ֮Ҳ治С籱 κһʱڣԱǲùٺ»ġԱҲòʳ˼̻?Ǿ ҪԼԽ취ˣɽɽˮˮ֮١ͳС񡣡κ顤 ʴ˵ųɳһȥذһ⣬̰ܻߡô ʿɶ?öǶȥ˻ףȥֻвݼ䣬 £̲ˡκԪ˵عԱѹرרɳһʹڵѲУ ֻһЩ̫үǵĲƲȷԼãһΪʷѧ Դ˵ǣǳ̰֮δϣȻ͢»ͽԲߣǲ ԴͽɵҲ?(إʷNC021ǡ14) 
ʵһҪʵ˵»Ҳգ»ҲգԹ дССүǣȫ»Ǽһ㣬ǽڱ ĵ   
Υɡءʫ(1)   
ʱݷ󼢻ģȺ𡱡͢Ϊگʹȥﰴ Ρרս뼽ݾڣЩ̰ΪعԱӡȥ ɶ?ǲ𻹶㲻𡣡顷ڡ贫صдһʣͻ  ƣǶ߲һǶȥǻԱְ £Ƶڡ顷־ʷлҳöࣺеΪ ֣͵͵ˣеͬ鸴ɱߣɴһˡиЦģɵ ࣬ʱ·иܪNC034ˣصصȺڵݼ һ¡ óӸϽʻ̫үνԻԾأ粻ΪЦ ӡ׷ɱϣǹҡ(顤ɴ)ѹ ڡإʷNC021ǡи̫̾ӡ 
һš̫? 
ʵشҾרԱ棬ؼеġɡ Чɡȣһࡣƣ˲ݣֻ̫ѡ ʱսˡκĳ˵ϼˣϿȥǱɥ Ϊ˾Уξס䲻ְأͬķ棬Ҳƶ ˸ĸҲȥɥиТڣҲã˵ĸѶ  ȱܣٹɥ°꣬Ծ̡½ѷ飬ûż һȣܻ²Ϊ(ԡ־顤Ȩ)  
ӽʼʽΪҷɵһ֣ΥɡƳʱֽСְ ɡ˺ϮԽԽࡣְһ˵˵Ի ӡȥְܳؾҲնµ̫أϾѧٳºɽԽȥ һ棬ϱ㱻˵ȻɱͷǲˣҪӡŸʡʫƣ ξУʼ봷ǡֶˡʫƣξ벾ξʻʡһﲻ Σ޴˵ʱﳣ̫үNB032ٳȵ·  ִйӦֵ޲γޡӦʾδʾ˾ ΥҪ󣬵ȵȣβϸӡǡعΥƣһֿ  ȣΪڶʹ(鳤)ʱ̫ȶ£  ʵҲУʱиǱ۲ʹºԺ޵Ĵֽ Ƿһٺϡʷ֪ʱĹԱӵܣְ򲻳 ְүӡֱʱһگνع˧ 𡣿ǻöعԱβ϶ȣʵ۶̫ˡԪ ƨɵķʢΥƵģɳ͢ɳʹϡ ҿõ١ʹ𳯣ڡĮš һ£ʱӴ˵Բʱ˽̸ʱ һֱվŶ¡һԭŽ;ڣ̢һ٣  Ҳܴ˷ƨ˴ˡ߲룬һʱص ԱضվŰ칫ġȴиרδ϶С 
ġ͢ȡģǰҲ٣?һ Ӣ ʱɽһʮΥƲְƷ̫ү¡˹¼ ˡ̲ϴ򡱣֪ЩСǻⲻ˰ġȻȽ ְδĻЩ 
 
˵˵йԱڡϱǰεط࣬ϰΪ ûʲôڵĹ涨峯ʼ뼯Ȩʶͳͷһǿˣ ιƶϣһǨNB032һǨβ󲻵  ĺ󻼡ʩһֱеԪ仯ҲУֻʱ£ Ǵơһ͵뿪ȥʦ߻ϼңٺμѡΡ   
Υɡءʫ(2)   
ʱعԱƶϽҲƣΪ˹ߵط Щܵӵ޵ĹԱر٣һֱŴȥʱ ֪飬ϵΣһֱ䣬32꣬ϡ ֪ţҲһ27ꡣ峯ʱδ(1691)ʿ̷ ֪أһ 13꣬͢Ͼ֪أѶѰΧ ֻûװѲߵ ʿ͵͵ߡЩǿαȽϳʱ󣬵ѵÿͨ һ 
һһζֻתתȥеĳݿ ѹԱСصأἶˣҲеĳȱֿغȱַʵ ֮䣬Ի־ࡷмһ£γ֪ ݣĳعԱȫãһǮξװ׷ġܲˣ ȰԶְ˭֪һξǺͬǵڵĽʿ֮࣬ ξдʫ 
 
ͬԴͬͬ 
ξܾ࣬ԭû硣 
 
ʱӱںйһƪ֪ؿվ֪ͨν֪ ĺ˥Ͷڷ֮أԲְ˿Ҳӡ÷ʽίݴ ֪ã»£Ω֮!(ԡ  )ûȨ֪صĹְȨ˾Ӷߡáֻ ǹɣֻҪͬʱһΣ̸ǵڱ㲻Զˡ 
ڹŴﶼձ塣׷ԭһعѵ Ǩƶȵ£һ棬ҲǶ˲ڿƳϵı֡ƾ٣ƽȾ Ƹ¼ȡޣѧţëǣǺòײŰ Ѽڰ ˡ֣˵44нʿ50굱ֵΫأǰ12꣬ ǻˣɶָ?57ſȡ61֪أһ ѽ65꣬ǰĽĺүǵڶ֪ءˣؼ ͨѧ 
Ƕڹƽ֪ʶֻпƾһ·ߡعٵĳ ǰʮ֣ν·ͨ඼Ǹ ȨǮ˼ӵŵġֵٵģӵܴСеʸ񣬸òȥƳ һ;ǡ½ǨʱȻҪöࡣϳʱ涨ʿ20Ϳ Ե٣ӵҪ30ⶼйٳйĴͳ֢ ǣʫƹԻиð 
ƵģһرѣǿϵΣ ˲ ⣬ռرƶȣǶﹴĹԱһˡˮ ܵ?ٺ»Ǳȱźö࣬硰ɾ ɾȱ١˷סլࡷ˵ɵȥĹԱҶ ڽ빡ôٵأͼֺͷȪˮ˵Ҫͨ ˮʴȾͭˮɫʺڣʴʫƣɫѣ ůʱîǰƣĪ󷹡լࡷ3) ͽС ֮࣬Գڵؾȥһֱ ʱϾСΡע͡˵Ƕǡþ顱Ƴɵˣ ԷӹҪɵĵطȥȻҲΪͷԱһ ʩʱ¾ɵ꣬һɵƣһɾͱϵطϵNB03 2֮࣬Ρ֮س˵ġˮء 
 
ýһ¹ԱˡƶȾ˵ԴܡغʱŵĿǡ ϼơԭﶼճ¼мƲ˶ٻڣ˶ٻץ ˶ ս˶ǮȣȫҪ¼ڰԻ࣬˾ˡ顤˵ ïտУͬеĵһλ˴ ϵĳɼǰȥΪ飬شŭҲ ǿϸ񣬵˼˽?ҪԼȥйؿҽ顣ǣ İԱ̫үס嵶в˵ӣҲ?׼ ǹ١ݡٽڬעҺ˵ʱعԱأӡ ûաةξ¡ʱ֮ϡ   
Υɡءʫ(3)   
κϱʱƶʱعԱı׼һԻ ԻԻ£ԻرԻˡƳʱعٵĿ˽С⡱Ź ¼ȥܿԼдҼͬеܴ飬ÿ˶ еŹζЩͬͽǺ˾ Ź¼Žӳͣ뺡ΪƾݡԺˣ ǨǽְҪοЩ뺡 
һ׼;׼һ׼ νơţƽɳƣڷ()и ׼ʶةһ࣬ҪξҪ ץ٣ѧҪڿʱȡγʱҲӿˣعɿԺ ԺͳơĥΪ鸴ˡѡˣʵʵذѿдڡ ɫϡɫǸ׳ƣԼСʲôɫ˼ж Ŀᡢ䡢ϵòǻ¾ɵµ  ʱϡϵԪﵳɵʱһϵ̾졢 ˵(ҰҪ)޽ͼ¼ˣϵֵ࣬ ˵Щ ڹϵĴЩƷϵ⣬Щվӵʡڡ Ϫ̸дһ£Ѱζ˵Ǹһζģӣɱ ٵ£аˣҲСٵʸ񣬺ͬȴεĹԱһμӿѡΡ ʱмʮˣдɫٲеܳͼ¼˽  ()ɫƣ޹˽ơϵָ ˻¡ ˼ԴӲμӹûһ󡱡ţ 磬ʧ⣬һ뿼˼¼Ϊɫеİߵ㣬Ƿسɷ ߣ覡ζݡɫǶԿƶȱһ̣Ҳ ֤νٴйٳĹͳְ һͳԱǸʱС»λ㣬ͽС ޹ 
ļУһЩ쵼ʱдĿ¼һǱѧһ ͥĸ׻֪ʱΪξĳдĿ 
 
Լع㣬䡣һ꣬Ϊǿ߷ʮһǰ (ָܿ˵ξ)֮Ȼͽһӡǣǲ ̲ܡ俼С 
 
ξҪְץطΰλξְһ꣬һԵм¼ ڰӵһ˾ĴǡС 
Ŀǰɡʱعһν֮족ʱعҲ һν֮ơٳϻ¸֮ǰʢ֡족ơ ȫ ʽԡ׿족زΡ̰ᡱģֿߵ෴硶ƿ÷ ̸ǧ죬嶾ȫΪûӣ¶һһ¸ õĿȻǡŸΪҳʵβ̰¿ڶ̨м ˶ֺ˾˼תɸǧǧ⣬ Ҳ֪ͬһ пò߹ġԼʿ԰ġһ£»Ӧ ƽ󣬸μӿˣŶòΪϵȣӦдһʫ ǰ 
 
Ϊٲú£ֻҪ뼰ֳ 
һ㿰ЦݵӲ 
 
ƶͬ⽨ٳѾ߽;ĩ·     
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ͬˡڼ䣬иΪ()() ()() Ĵţй⣬ܷһЩ˲˵ۡһ˵ġ 
 
ΪȻȨʵ㣬ּܲġ ݹ£̫ࡢʿ££鳼£ £Ԫ鳼ɮ£ࡢ̫๲£¶  
 
ƣָȨķָ?ȷʵܰѳĸְܲ ţֵΪصģȷʵ峯⡰·šĻ ǾȫһˡԺŵ˵ţү ¡   
ͽ瘟(1)   
ҶεʯǣγʱٸеÿǮ񣬡 ?ԻǴ˵д캺ֵĲ򡣬ССͨƣ β¾Ƕʸ¼İĿйŴٹգһ񡱵Ĺ أͳǵıõһߣм䶼һСľ裬 һСǹС𡱣ʵﲢλ𡱵Σ  ǶԲһơΪʲôҪá?ԭıүճߣ Ҫﲻȫ̺˼ұˡ 
Ű屳Ĳףν񡱹á ڵһܹ¹ΣҪݡ񡱡ʵݡڿ칧 ĲǹүǣԨԴϪǵġν ʱΣسӴ ͽͽôһλʷʦүҶͦԺ 
лһʴڸ˵˵ͽǵıˡȣ ŴٳУһԷֳɹַʽĸν ٵĸרָڹٸгаԱǺ͵ٵĻ֮һ Ʒȶô΢ĹԱǴһΧһεĸλϣһ ȵľȨͬƶϽûκξȨνݲε ϵ 
ΣĳѡΡáǰ;ȸνߣȫͬ ȽɣƷȼδְ٣νһ֮١Ǿ ڣƣܲͬδͬʱҲܵ缮 ر ƵƶȵԼͬڶ£ǶԱʣ  ڵԱһӵطϼȡе¡вš˳Ρе¡ı׼ѭ ޹вšı׼д㣬ѡȡķʽɡϡѡߣһ ʵ Ϊطϵѳˡ顤ߵۼ͡˵ӦۿĽ;ǡ ΪְͤĩֽͤλƷУι ϡе¡?һӣλɷн¶ĺţԡƶ УΪɴ˿֪ŴĽ׼ɫͬͨѡõǿ ɰŵԱĳ̶ֳ϶Ϊط𸻺ǿĴѧˮ䰴  ۩Сνֳɵһ̫ǵصׯ԰䡰Ÿɡ ʷСǡϰǹƽֻýʶϺúڡڵ С 
ʵ桰ʷˣһ㶼ȥ͹ǡɵܵĳ תסغʱٵһЩʼΪʦ λߡȻΪʦˣҲ˳Ȼ Ϊ֮ף𡣿˿ƾƺٵϣãˣʷ ΪӦƾ٣ֻʧ߲ſȥοн顢Ļ·ѡ Ԫʱһʱͣ˿ƿԱĳ·һӹְЩм йŴٳʷ⣬ˣػ־Ȼ һᴫ˵ТƼȥΪ ɸɶϳϦͥūʹ?⻰˵òС ˵аνдúε棬ʵ ǡūʹģ˵ôһ¡дһ ٵ롰¾ף¹ٳ֣ͬˣȺūͣ ӡƣϰҲܡĸ١ֻ֮СȺܣ Ȼԡū֮͡ѹĸҪТĺĳ¿ηοˡ 
Ȼǵһȵġū͡һ֮󣬳бȥ⣬ Ǯٵʸ񻹲ƽʱɽģΪȼ÷ãҴ ֮ţԱûǮٵĳʷר۽ԣΪ ͲɣԼˡҪپҲˣںĪ Ϊ⻰ô?ܼ򵥣СôǮ?˵ǷǷ룬 ԽǮζŹٳ?ڶԴ۵ǣ޻壬 Ϊˡļ⼢⿼ˣǽ̰Ҳʷǣؽմ (ʼš15)ӴˣԱٵֱͨסˡѭƣʱ һؿ ϰѳֵҲϣԽԽɳڡٳйδ䣬Ʋġʷ 浱Ѳʱյα㷢иˣԭԭԱѱһ ʷǡɷڹ𵱲ʷʵ㲻ĳĳ?ȥ ?˻ش𣺡߰ٶʷ΢΢һЦϢˡűҪ ԴѲ   
ͽ瘟(2)   
һתѲ˵ʷҲӣѲһתʷ˵ ﾹǣᣬѧߺ?ߵôǱ˳ȥ(ͤʼ 11) 
ͱλӦԱٺ»ҲǺܵ΢ġʱСʳ֮ƣ˼ ٺʯնʳһơʳʵ⻹Ǹ߼Ĵ »ĿҲﲻ˴ڡ۹衷˵ũ֮ң߲¶  ܸ߲ĶĶ֮ղʯ֪СĶ룬ֲһ ũͥʱԼʱ磬ٳͳުNC035 ۼҶСٺ»ͬʱƱȽϣ㲻ɶˡϪ ̸ ¶ˣ޳»ΨΪ¸ߡֱͱκٹٺ һȻҪԱԷǷΪˡʯ䷨ʱԴȴ Ϊ Ա»֧áԾ֮סְѱ֤»ٽ ϵǵʶΪԺͳܡԴԺԱ ֮ǰϾҪƵö࣬ȻֻܴϣƶϽȽϵĻ Ҳ΢΢ӼǡڣһƽԱġʵ һñعְԱÿġʳǮЩѲ˾բ ȻԱÿ²֧ףٵһЩҲûбϡƽ Ǿأͨ?ȱȡʮٺõáNB032ġʳ ֻ ռ֮һ֮һɡʫȸϷɡλǽ䣬ǡ®С ӡǺʵֵģž͵á֯ҹҹϢˣ ±಻ά֡ȻԱǲΪؽ 鲻ơģ滨ͷ͸ġϰյĻͽ   
ˮ (1)   
Ϊʹ仰ȷݣȾһ˵Ǿ ֪ġ١ϡˮ˰?ڡϪ̸ͼһ׮ ͡ʷʵϰ⸮ʱС족֮ơи˷ɵ ȣȥ¸ֵǮշˣѶүһд״ (עǰ)ʱʹԩԻΪ⡣Ȼ  󣬱Ҫд״ֱ粻ѡԱ˼ȱ ȥડNB024!ˣ϶ԱŪȨƲ֮ģ Աһͨ Ǹ˵ᷢˡڰͽСơ֪Ϊ ()! 
ˮв͡Ҫ֮һڹƺƵĲͬԴ ½Ԩйһκܾٵۡ 
 
ߣ֮ˣ䡣 £ǰҲʹΪۣΪȻʳ칫 £Ϊ֮Ϊ֮ߣɹҲ֮ġ޹ģʹ֮ȻҲ (½Ԩɽļ4) 
 
λ˵ˣԱǵغѡ̾طţ⹴һ γɵͷ֮»΢γ»Իôŵ? ǿЩλǷеԨ޴˱ָԱƾı¡Щ͢ɵ Աүǣȫˣ֮Խϰ̸Ϥ飬 ?׸ɵеϤˣֵƵļߣһִͷʼѭ پĹԱҲ޷Ա͸ţԱӹµ֮ Ȼ͸ҪΪԱķ²ڲˡ֮Աŵ ˾ǣ쵼ĵǹˡ룬ǵ ζǱˣҲȻ 
ˮ䰴ƿ÷֮УѺ˾ĿԱЮعԱд ΪС˵Ϊƾ֪һйʷϣԱԱĹ еǡ֣Ͼ˵γʱˮԱÿ¹Σ ʹ൱ǰ״ӷǰ¹ٽͷͲɣԺԱڴ ˣԱǳиͰѰ참ȨҴ 峯̷(1853)óȱѲʵ ӷȥ ֪أӷధ󣬲ΡŭҪϵ²Ҳ¡ʲôԵ? ԭԱ֮Զġջ涨ÿӦյض ɴ౻Աˡϰɵضʱɡֻ֪֮ ֮Ʊϰߡȥ֪ء֮һ£ԭʼͼᡢ ˮ˲ȱᱻԱ跨ܸģἮ˿ӷļ Ҫ˱ףǸд֮ɡֿΪӣΪܣǻ ͬӪίԱۣʾ¡ȥǶεĹԱǳֿȭ Ҳ޷򾭷ɱʾƣֳ¶Ҫ ˾ԡơԹߣ޲վ֮(  ҴԻ10)ȥǵطǵõ(ղضҪܴ) ҪΣΣɴ಻ȥء 
ȻӷǣǳڵٵĶǮ̰ٵĻǾ һͨͬ׺ϡ𡷣жξ棺꣬էأΪ ʡúĩһ֮䲻Ҿٶ٣ӡ Դ˱ǴϧҲ˵չ٣ͬۺ󣬳ԱҪ ȹԱö࣬鷢ĻùĻٵġ 
ô˵Ͼȵٶֲ̰ߣм?һƪ ˾ŭ֪صľȫ磬֪֪?̰ٻӹõ ȻսⲿڵθԱ̺(ʱν)һϵд Ϊ֪ šȫ硱֮顣硶Υƣְ(̺Գƣͬ) δѲ֮ǰ߮֮ᣬ񲻿֮ʣ߮  ռȨԺš֪ء˺о˺֪硶Ǧɽ  ƣְδ뾳Ǧɽ̡졢šˣΪ֮뾳 ս֮硶ðۡƣְ뾳Ĵʣǧƣһ·֮Ϊ߿ ֪ҲҪ֮ϲڹתһȦյ״ֽȫϰտظ滫ġ絽 ʲô̶?߮ءŶΪƽΪǣ׽Źֽľ Իֽ⽡ʰ˾ֲצΪŰ˽ѺѶȾһ ճǣǮԼǮбȳչǮбÿ³Ǯ ô裬Թ족̺Ѷ֤˵ǵʱ˸ʹȶʮˣ  ӭΪ׽ˡ̺֤ȷʱ֡ܶҺ¥ ԵáСհ֬๲ж٣йУδ֮һ Ȼؼһһǧ߰ᣬżһ˰ᡱôδ֮һ ʲô?ʷϼأ(1070)ʼ»ƶȵͷһ  ֮»֧Ҳֻǧ˰ʮĹ(Ϫ̸12) ٻһ ǰĳξ̾ÿٺǮپʮǮĸпʺҪعٵ 棬ҲΪʲôԱλ˱΢ôˡΪ֮Ϊ ֮ˡ   
ˮ (2)   
صУھ˿ˣڡ硱ﲻɶ¶ ʱоǡؾȶʮγǣžʮߣϿ ǡ֪Ȼŵ˵زһ̸ڵĹϵڣ һүǣ޲ڡо 󣬡ۼ֪֮ԡȫһ˵Ҳûʣνظٽβ £˰ǲ 
û취ģȻһϵȫ֣̺Ҳֻз ְ½⾽Υ塱ﷸ˵ʸ񣬼ġ񡱣Ҳ ȥͽˡҲ˵ֻҪϡı桱һйŴٳǺһ㡰Ψ Ǫ١ˡĹġʲôΡٽԲֻ ܵߵġ 
󣬡ˮѵС͡һԭ򣬻ԱͨϤ ڱڶԮƪةڼǡһκܾʵ ̻ 
 
ɰ()ةǰǯ֣ժֽβ Խƽ()ةԻ𡱡 
 
ԱةǱϹϾ̬ȣΪߵλ⣬ģҲ ⡰Ϧͥ±ūʹһĻǺ¡Ƕһɡ ˵ԱةϵѾǰİһǩѺѡ˵ йٳһͳκ飬һ׷ĳʽ֮⣬ӦԮ Ƶĳ纹ţ䶰ƾٳˣʷܽͷͷǵʫԻɱ ù죬ЩŵģϮ١ɵȳˣǾ Ҫһˡٸ򵥵ӣĳԱӰһ£һһ 涨ȥͻ鼮жҲһ©˾ҳ˲ӣ أѵ⣬ǲͳ˳Բ˶?ʱ͵跨ҳֹĳã ƵĳƣԱһʧǾʲô֪־ô һһȥȡǾһѧˡͽСˮ䰴 ν족Ǵ⡣ǵٵıֻֽ̣ɴཻȥ ܿԼ֣ǻû˾⣬ȸˡ Ǹ˳µسˣǰǯ֡ϻǯƵģס ǰļǺֱǡҲòſˡأժֽβ㣬 𡱣˼ǡӦǩֻѺġǡƽӡ̬Ȼô ǫӡȴʾһС˵̬ǵɽģȻ֪ һף쾡µһ˹п ةةգ಻ةة!̰߲֮ΪУ֮ӹ߲  ܳ֡(2)˹ЩˣȲ ˵̰Ҳܳӹ?Ҳֻܡ 
 
()ة妱ռλΨĿʣɲ?Ի áˡʡ֪¡ 
 
ƣһаָ㣬Ѻ֮󣬻һɲ?ǩľʲô Ҳ뿴ǲҿˡⲻǻֵġ硱! 
ôԱһסǴĶõ?ԻһҴ ΪйŴһֳЩҲԵ˶ģʦ غʱΪʦһݣƾƶȴвר ʦһЩְԱҲҵʱͽϰȻϰѧָϡ֮ͨ ׽̲ģǾɾرЩϼ޻Աֱ 񡱡ׯСӽʮϡʫСӽάάФ ľ֣Ϊڽ 
 
ϵȹɹʸͨ 
ǹӦͱѹ   
ˮ (3)   
пС 
ֻĨʣչκ졣 
 
ˣûΣֻӲһˡ   
䡢ƶ(1)   
ƷеȼְƣĿзأзֲܣбƣԱ ڵ磬ҲһܸӵĽṹ塣ʶһò 뵽ڲһۡ 
ĵȼȹٵƷӣһѾǸָߵ͵ı־ ĲҪ˰ɡͬһڣҲǷָȴε ۣȡһȻɫ༶൱ڰ׻νƳɳ֮࣬ʱ  Աְְְ֣򣬸ְȻɫ൱ڰ׻νԱ ԱȻɫǼϰǶԱûٺ»úԱгȱܲ ԪʱļϰԱдݡľӡǣ쵼ũĳ £顣 
ԱĹٳƺ׳൱ӣʱһԱͳʷʷǰټӸƣ ֲʷʷʲôģʹһҵԱˡʱԱз ʷָݲͬĹʸ費ͬƺİĽʷŷĽͤ ֿܲĽƹ̵ȡʱ׳ƣڡˮ䰴ѼʶѺ˾пĿп СԪһЩʷдʷ֪ӡȸɫĿһܲһӣ ɶɶרơҪԪˣȫ⣬ƺ༶ ְְְ֣˾ְǵͨԱ졣гв򾭳еͨƣ žǳайµĺɡ 
ƶȣԹټٺ»Աй̶ԱġƽΪԱ61 ˾4318йʳʵУԱ  ȷ񷱶õģСְʦѧʵϰģв »򲹸Ըнġ硶ʮĿ֮״˹ڹϹ 죬ֶһͬ³й䲻´ȤԭϸǡŪģûκθ ĵǮһµĸɪND045ˡҲʶܰôҪ!Աһģ  ֱͣӵĺǹ»ѹ겻϶תȥγǧһƵġ ñסν壬塢ʽ徭ñסе͵Ľᾧ壬Ҳ йٳϴͳˮ䰴ڶʮһжκдνŽνס ţΧ 
 
νĪôҪ?ţѺ˾? Ǽ£֪๫Ϸ湫´ѰѺ˾һûѰ һƬ 
 
˵ţѣӳȴѰ飺ɶ£ֻҪĳԱһ 飬үҲûˡ 
йڲĻãѾǰ桰ȫȸСһ ˽⣬ŻƵʵתУ ЩȫΪԱݡھ˵˵Щ 
䲻ƶƣ˾֪ġɷ򡱱׼ ?Ȥúܣϰվ主ƶݷֲܰµ 
ǻһطĻ︳˰ȣȫɱа죬ʵú! ļˮֶΣǡϴ顱ϰս˰Ҫɾڻ»һ ܣʾѾɡжǵơɫ顱Ѻ ܸϴعٲܲ죬ֳֶ೮Ϊ֤׷ѣΪ ( իʡϴ顷)ڷַƲ̳СǼǡҵ ȵȣ ɰëĻȱȽٴһЩģαӣս˰ˣ̰ ĴСɾû˵ˡԪʱҶκ󣬡һµαӡһʮаˣ˰ӡ һʮ(ܹתԡԪо)13ٴ ˰©Ͳ ˵Ǹˡݡ𭼯˵дҼ½ƾʰĹ淶д ʱڻԷĴ֮סֱԱĻ жԲߣȡɵĴʩء   
䡢ƶ(2)   
ȫصסٵϵͳԼ㵵ȣȫ鱾 ܣ⡢»Ī֣ƨ˶úܣзù ԱܵĻᡣ峯ʱиǡӵܣ丸ʱĸ׸У ŸӡһϣͬΪĸ캣񲿰徭 ȻǲˡȻĳ󣬲˽լҪһӡ ŭ?СŲæشһΪү캵ľѡ 鲻⣬С˵̫үĳģ̫ĳүүǼ ?үﱨʱٱ(עǹŴƳϵͨϰ)Ǿ ̫ ү·̫үȥ֮ˡһ󾪣һƷ񲻳Ʒ ?æСֽ̲ȴʩСôүԭ浵޸ һһﶼĹ͵ͬ屣ܵ򽻵ˣԺ£ ˶һСȻո(೮ࡷ) Ҫ֪ڹŴٳϣ֡ꡱꡱʵ֮Ĳ죬ȱȽǣ ʱҪ౨꣬ʱֵٱ꣬漰Ϯ񡢲١() ʵ 档йٳ֮һɫǵȫԴֱһ ΪؼӳԵһɫǣֻҪϻǮʲôԳ ܸ?׬ǮҲܲ١̷˾ҵר̹˾ϵǮ֤İȣ ΪνŰֳϿǮĪߣһͱءйΣ ﻹϸܣȲ׸䡱Ǳļطװȣɱа졣Ĳ˵һ 롣ʷǡдйΪ£Զ СŸʫ°͡ʯȫñС档طפ ÷еĳְȡȣҲǳ¡ 
ʷʮܶĸԶ֪Ҫת̨(Զܱ) ʾһą̇̄ⱾӪ ڵطװƵЭҲߣ㻨50ԶĵǼתı лߣֻΪһ֡ת֪ͨʱֻĸ д ԪΪʡԿ̿ıڻ ˡƶ񷿣а쿼ԡ֡캱һ˵ƶ ԣٰʱϢǲٵġ弾޾԰̸У˵Ԫ ؽֱ½ӦؿӣΪҪɰӵСǮ񷿴 ͽ˲ˣԿ֮ϻǮ˾䡢Ļ ׵Ļṩ㡣С˵·ơУԱ̷ТƱ ѧƼΪĺѡˣñ͡һ £(걨)ҪǮģ㣬֥һ  Ͳˡһָѧ(ָѧ)( )˾(ָ⸮) ѧԺ(ָʡѧ)̨(ָʡ)죬 Ҫ㵽Ҳ֪÷Ѷ ٣ʮӣԼԡԱ칱ܵʵǹƹܳǽݡ·޽εȣէִۣ֮ ʵ֮λͱҪͻһֻҪɷоС 
ʷĻоٺķžիȥҪش磬Ϊ֪ȥˣ λýţֻһص¡޴﹤ڼ๤ơ ๤֣Կ̷Ԥᡢѿɡϲ۷ һϵиˮ֮   
ٲΪ Ϊ潲(1)   
޴¶ǣŪNB046ڳʱһǡɴؿ Ծ ޱ߽£öĶע⡣ϸһö Ǯʲô?ŪNB046ʡǮѽȫȻ壬ʵشûϵ λС ϲѧƷ̫үƢͦ꣬ӰƷڵأҪȡ һǮ?ܴңɱ?ŪNB046һŭеһ һǮ ǧһǧľϣˮʯȻԶ֣νն걨ʷ̨ ڳش˺ö꣬˵үҶ񡣪 
λܿ޿?ٳ裺ٲΪ潡潡ֿ֮ г ãܿԿ⣬ǿǹѽүСϻųԣƫƫŪNB046 뵱٣Ƣֻ𱬣ݸİʾԽ 
ŪNB046һĿȱȽǣһӹٸˡԿ  ķʽŲÿծϢϵʵ⣬ԴγעֶΡΪ ʲô˵ӹٲ?㲻ȥܱ֤ΰƽʱиĿʵ  ƽʱ̵㣬һƵĳ·ʱͻŪɫˡ ̰٣Ǿ͸ӬӪһĿԵˡԡû١ һ˵̰ƵүǵпֲСȻҲв˿ģ ǡУ׷һԪʱ飺ÿҶ ½Ե½֧ÿһҶٰ֧ںϸĿ ӱд֣ͰԼ̰ȫ鵽̫ү¡ȵʹѲټ ٷʱⱾĿһԼ߿Զ߸߷ˡʣĿգȫ½ šˣүһĵϰߣһпյ±¶ 跨ţԼԽֲǧ򲻿ɱƵ̫ǽ ۵ǵٵģ㻹ƨɣɾ߲ˣٲٸְ һһϵֿܲܲǸáϢ?ѹеٲΪ() ֮˵  
Ϊֲ()࣬Ϊȫǹڳ黻ر Ͽ󡣾ٸ򵥵ӣƽ3000ʯȷţү˵ ѷ࣬Ѿù䣬Ӧü۴ٸ3000ʯ¹Ƚַ֡ ģү׼졣ǺùҲǼĿϵ ۸Ŀʵ֮Ĳһʿɹ۵ġϢٴ꣬û ͬүϻ3000ʯˣ3000ʯλϽ档һιԱ ӡʱ3000ʯʵ3000ʯĿܶԵ֪۾һգĸѼ? 
ڹٳҲǹܣ˿飬Ϊȱͨԡ 15ɽţǿⷿһֹǸ޴˼Ҫ 󾹹һΡķʽ쵼Ȼͬٵ ݣмڻܹȥЩŪЩǮˡܹɵ һеģҲϼ޻УҲһǳԲ˶ߡٸ峯ʱ ®г˲ܿ꣬϶ǡ(1884) ֪ĳ˽׭ ҪǮܼʱˣг˲ļ顣иƶ˵ ̣Ľ˲裬ıʹ㻨һǮүлߣί ɵˣֻ¸ǰϦʱдһ  / ƻơ괺죬һʼˣƣƶ  㡣ʱƶȣǷִĳɣɡ®˺ִģ Ϲͷʳ󻧽ĳɣʱڼϢջء ֻҪǹˣһʷĽˣΪʵϲҪ ɴ֣ʱ͹ȼ۲Ǯ൱ɹ۵ģϰս ǼˣҪȹģҲʧΪ֮ơƵĲŵЩ ͬºҲſЦǴղүִſ죬ƴ󾽣 ַ죬㳥Ϊƣ£ѻƬ(೮ ࡷ) ƶ˲Ҳ˿ʵֳɵĺ ڲòôɱ︳ղֵ÷з϶ Ӱ쵽Ŀպ󻹳ëĻְ򴦻Լۿ¾ˡ   
ٲΪ Ϊ潲(2)   
Σʷʵûͨƺʩֻү ٰѳ˲İ취֯͵һ磬ղ£ҲƲҪզС ¡? 
ΪִƵĺáϢη󷲲εţηãƹ Ρν˵йŴרƷƾݣ֮ ģġªªר𾭰ĺô 
 
ٲڸߣгŲ顣˹ªΩܰ˿Բ ףɫ̸ࣻЦг̣ףٲ뾭Ǯ֮о ɫ֮ΣԶ®ͤƣª֮? 
 
Щ⣬Ѳ˾վբءӲةξѧݣԼ רôҲй飬ԡɹͨ Ϊƪƣ߾Ͳһһˡ   
Ⱥûҥ(1)   
˵㡱ˡҲһԴӹĸ ϵ㣬Ҳһ֣ϵνٸְ顱Ϊα ߹ʹΪ㡣ϽҪڹ٣ҲҪȴθһƶ Ͻһ̶ְֹһֻʵĲǹŴũ۵һʽҪ ũȥ۵ȥ͸ǵһƪ£ֻ һͿˣЩвٲ£ʵͽ˸ɲмɣҲ˵ ˴ĳնصıݣ˾γ˳Ǯۡɹٸļ˴İ취ʱ һöҲ˹̶Ĳʹʶ仧ͷ֮Ρ õֶ塣硶ˮ䰴νɱϧ֮󣬱ڿ ǰͻȻνһѽסеɱ!ǰм ߽£ƣǾǡġҲСˡϰձ ĽзǾͲ̫ˣνӡҲգҲգҲ ĳԱ֮һˡԪʱ˷ʮ֮˵νһɮ߳ţ ʮؤ֮±ԱЩȻ֮仹 νˡҪָԣߣﵱη򡢻򡢸բ֮ ˡǰũַʱȻǳԼһʳ桰Ҿ񣬸ĳļ˳ ̶ʹ͵øһݿˡǴġӼǡе֪ʱƽ ÿȡʳǮǡĶ֮һˡʳ ֧ȻýŰ칫ѵĳɱƽΪ ˵Ƕ49ˣӡӡֶȲڡʵʵУǱͻ ƵģνǧСذ١һҲġˮ䰴˵˸һ ٺ󣬼үʹ׽ýٷݺֵܺԣ磬 ֿĹˣҲٸôࡰˡָóһҵķ?ǡ ӶڣС˶֡ˡѹѧҶʻҧгݵ˵ʱᣬΪ 硱(ļ3)!νү㹲¡˵ʲôҲ 㡱©硱ĴԹǡ硱ĴԽṹǡࡱ ĴǸƶǡ 
ǡ࣬רѧưġүʱǷվߺãүѲʱ ǰƽػӲʹ׬ǮķţҪһǽִ ǳòŵĴϣ̾Ǽҳ㷹׷˰Ҫ̣Ѷ Ҫַ̣ΥƻҲҪ̡ྭ죬նթȫ ͷˮ䰴ɱСʮ¹˶ֹ⡱ ǵҵרƽطרʱǮʱ йһƪԼ䶾Űƽˡ¶ĺĻǣ׷֤ȡ ɱߣѺ֧NC036ɱߣֶȶND046Ǯɱߣ ׷׽ƽ ˵ߡ()ȫ£Ե Ž ´æˣһͷǮȡġԪʱдһӾС ūͷикڸ·ӻιԱʱײԱ⣬Ա ¿ǰˡȡЦġ£㳣̤ż СУ˭ֵ۵ӣһһƤ ͷĨ!ɣԱ汻˸ˣʱ  ƴʰүɻôҲ? ش𣺡˶£Сÿֻˡٲצ!ˡڲʱ 죬Ҳϸ˵Ҫթ̵ģÿ˷͡˵һʷʵԡǣƴϳϳ ΢ľ˾˾̫࣬׬ͷǮ¸ϳԴ˾ıһ ְ˾˻ִⲻϣ˵Ҹеÿ⡰Ǯʮſãް ס֪ıʲôְ?֮ǣбȸõĽ?ʮż ǧģֵϵʱһһξٺˡǡǮ ܻ߻ڡֲҲԸ   
Ⱥûҥ(2)   
ǿֽ࣬ſ£רƱв˷̽켩ʹ͹ ȡҲС֡족ȣǰˮ䰴еĺΣǲˡƳ ʱĿ࣬иˡ׳ƣŪND041ҰءУһ£ ν һиأòܳ裬ƹܲͶıˣй¶ ܪ¼࣬()()׽ ղ񡣲 ˧κвԡǷլ֮һլܣƿ֮澼 СйưḶ́ʡԣ߿˺Ȼͷֵ ӡ⣬ǡ׽ģκͬһ ǵࡣҲ֪ʲôԵʣҰѡ׽ˡġ׽ʡˣơˡ 򡰲˼϶ŪˡಶƽΪݵǡôʱ ֹܼСҲ͡ˡ֮ͬ 
౲ôǵ֪үģ֪ܶ࣬Ҳ٣ ӼǡС첻֪˼߳¡Ŀǡÿ£Ӧͣ СЬǮѾ;ִԸϢСƷǮϭټ峣δö֮ СǮѵöī֮СǮÿÿСǮ СǮ(Υ½)С б ÿݼգþᣬÿ֣ԻԻ硯ɫ Īö١ԡǮΪֽСҦԪ֮׫ҶͤӼǡ Դ 
 
в֮ٶˡСĿ԰ ʱ֮󣬲۽ڽ֮ʲʵ޶ߣָΪѻѺǮÿһ ǣңԻ֪ɷǮ߰ǧʮǧȡ ּӯʼ֮ν֮ϴһұۣΣʵӡ ³ʷߣһãƣҪܽ /  
 
ԪػУƪר쳤زͷŪ ¼족С͵ĶԻǣҾͽܣ㾡ȥ ͽܵĹأǸ߷ֺ졣ǿһ߳ɣԼȥ һȥ͵Ҫ˼ҵͬݼˣǶϣҲһ ʡȵˣǮǵˡ 
ࡶҲвٿ౲Ӽ5ն¡ǴϪز Ҷɮ򣬷Ϊ׽õ򣬶²إһ ֮¡硶ɱ¡Ƿز콯£þ壬ǿ鵱ӣ 4թ¡Уŷ̩ӲָƽΪǮ δᣬԶ족࣬ʤö٣㷢ˣǡΡִ ǵͬУм¡⡱ģԶɥļΪ ػɴԼҲξү׷ȼʱͺץƽʱг϶˵ б⻹ŵġࡶ೮Ͼͼһ£峯̷ʱ϶  عʹԲжǧߣʵѨУʱǲͽ٣֮ ƶΪиƽز尲ΪۣΪһ ͽȥڽĳӽپң֪Ǻ尲ıϿصصţʱֵͿ  ںϵط٣ָ˾ȥƽˡ尲ͨץ˵ز죬 һС尲ִ߹鰸() Է֮̿ νزʼŵ߻ҪүʲôԵ?Ҳмأ () 尲ͻ񣬿ϲϾα󸮣ݲݶͿԱУҲ ˣƫƫĹ³飬硱ҵ˺ ͭǮξͿ?ҦԪ֮̾طþһһ ֪֮?ְþһһһ֮?   
Ⱥûҥ(3)   
׳֪࣬կرͳϽפרŵĵط װೣаѺⷸˡáѲеطȲʹ峯ʫԬö(԰ ) ֪ʱĳУ׳գʸʸԾND021ա  ˵ġʡƽʱϰǰҫνٻ֮ ˮ䰴۩ضͷڡ׺ἰͳʵʮʿֵȣȫ׳ ϵظ׺ɱţŶģǡܲ˵ʡ׳ͳ֪ ȣǰߺةξ֮רְĹϵ һ㡣 С˵ڡ׺֪ʱıȥѲ˸ʱξǣͷȥġ֪ ඼ܹ˸Ǻôͨξκ?ڴ С˲ϣʵºˣûЩȫ޼õˣǰ ΪЩһʿξְͳۣʵϺʩչ ɼЩʿȫӣ˸ǸǮ̫ҲǮ Ǿͺָץ˸ǡνģأûǮǣɫˡС˵ϵ ǣξֻ׽˼ȥ⽫۩ͬд νڣֱһޡģֻνƤ϶֣ţʱ 󡣰ϵקֱƽ۩룬ЩˡĿֵ СǮ? 
˵Ѻ˷Ȼ׳ˮ֮һ࣬֡Ѧԡ ǧ֮ѧ󣬶ѺϤ̰ߺ˷¾û?ȫ ܣһ㷸˲˵λʱСࡱ֮Ĵʦɣڱȥû ;УѺģؿѳƱ;Ȼû¡б ģ峯ʱͽǱΪ޴Ѻ;иٻ ʲô̬׽ֻۿӦ߿ֳǵ аβŵٸɼأɸƴ?Ǭ¡ʮ (1749) ڼҾɥ̫ի׼һλԱݣ۲ⷸ աżͻͽ봬еָӽٶᣬ ȥ̫ͷͶģ⧱һŹͷ­ܴأѪΡ ûϵһʱ˾ӵĴ٣իѺ浽أǬ¡ ʵҲ֪£ص䣬Ǵ˷ӡ(೮š) ҿ ż̻ܰº¼ʱвƼأйŴ յġ 
⣬۱Ļ䡢ֶ֡ǤֵȣٿһЩ ס֮࣬Ҳ档Щڱĵﻹᵽʡƪ ˡժһά׫ûҥԼһò 
 
òͻ⹩ޡܹ١ͽ˱ ?ǧСذ٣Ԧ¡ĪΪݲɲ⡣ൺ! ʳٶ̰!     
 еġԼˡ   
Լˡ   
䣬㽭ֳһųţŵĹŴү䣬ռ ƽϡںصظϵ۴ȥ״۴ص̫ү֪ ˰Ѷϣϼ걨Ȼͷû󣬷֪ĳ˾ȥ ƹ˵ˡƫƫ岻ӣֱ⡰̫ᣡйΪ  Ϊĺ?󡰺϶()Ⱥӡ (5)Ȼûһռ޵ͽǿ ġ  
ΪʲôССһӣȻܽͶרܵ۴ȥ桰ɽ״?Ϊ ʲôôһ׮˶ϵİӣȻʹһ֪زҳа죬һ֪سͷ? 
ԭλ䲢ͨһ֪صġԼˡº󣬲ٶ ߴ󶼻᲻ʤ죺ȫ̾סˣ޴͢ڵĹ  үǣкʩչ?ͬۡ¡ɣֻ˫ѵȭҲûⱾǮȥ 𼱣ɽơٵүǣҲʵܽһ׶Ը۵  ʱʢеڡ硱硱֮⣬һ ġ硱رǿҵġԼˡƣǸ ͳֻү?һһɶжϡ   
ƽвت(1)   
ԼˡС桱Ǻ͹үĹϵȲͬͳ٣ͬ Ա˾һʡһࡰ͡ҲͬѰū͡Ҷ һҪڣ֪ٳ£ߵȣߵ󣬺񣬺 аڹ١𲹣ʡίΣƼ׾࣬Уİ참 ڣ£Ǯֹȵضʵδɣαս 塣ףܸͼˮ½ ·̣ݲ棬ָ£̽ϤСҪ֮ͨٳϵ еĹأȫڶҪô?ͶүĶĿֽˣү ǴֱءŬЩְǰ˸ˡ ˽˵ʳ조š£ǷЩì?˵Ҳܼ򵥣й һ˵õȮ족ֵǡһپ٣һ𡱡İѹص ˵֮ѡš°ˣ˼ǰַַ֮պಽ֮ һٶЩ϶ȫ˩һҪզСеԼˡ? 
Ȼ Ҫƶ׷áԼˡš칫¡ûлϵݡй ϵһͳϰ߳ȻȻأ˭ҲΪвͨ¶翵 ʮ(1686)ʱɴɳ͢׼ιԱЯֵܡ ⣬ ׼ʮ׼ʮ׼ʮ֪ͬ׼ʮͨС ݡ׼ʮͬة¹Ա׼ʮ(೮ࡷ) ͸ ˣ԰ĬϵĹɹȻƶȡǴҶưɣһ㿴 ̫ү20ˣةNB032ְȸԴ10ˣ£ǸʲôĿ? ʵУ̫ү׼ʮƣǴͻƵġ ֪ظʱԼһܹҲ ʮˡǵʶɹٸǶǹٵ˽ˣûйϵ˵ ǶǸŹԳϰյġ() 
ôࡰܸɡļ˴Ӻζ?һƷٰ֥Ʒ̶ٵԭмҵףȻò ҲҪôЩūͣЩϵסġӡū ֮ ࣬Ҳ߱ȡйؽ֪ĻԣЩԼˡ󲿷ȫ ү;Ÿϵġͬͬ˾ƼģͬƸ Ҳдӱڱͬѡģʵծģ Сӡ򡰴ӡ⻰զ?ԭСٱ޼ҵףոյõһְ ðװӦϵ̷ֱѺųٲһʿҪ ծʲôѺ?ծĵľȥΣһ桱ˡ 桱үġԼˡˣԼˡֵĲ£ϵһǮ֣ ׷ 㣬Ѱͷ¶׬ȡö졣֡ӡļˣͬүĹϵ ͬһˡ»û?ҲУСʱΪʢ УЩ뵱ٵģһ˴ղһٵǮҼƴӣӴСȽ κʲôʹʲô˸ɣⲻүǾģҲǾ?ࡱġ 桱ǰүˣүƽȵģɽϵι ȥ͵ˡźš 
˵桱ƣҲǴġ˵ο󲻾ãĳҹ̫Կطðѩ ȥ˽ۡмһңúܣȤ˵ġ桱Ӵ Ӵˣ桱һʱˡմ͡ţյǸˣһƷΣν Ʒ١˵ɴԵ𡣲Ȼ˹Ե˽ۡ ù١ʱ˾и߼طٵļˣơù NB032ȻԱļˣԻ桱һ˵ǡСù ˣ үǰʹˣͰǰүԼõġ˽á (ǩѺ)ġ١   
ƽвت(2)   
 
֮һΣơүү⡰үĳƺ桰ү ģϰհ˳źϸ 
үרܰǰŷһӦģԭжԹʳǼŶ ֻүӲ¥Ρ˵ѳٹʱߴţﵽ ǰֻͦصǣָֻŵڴϣ˵̸ġǰɸЦ ⣬Щˣգ˵ԶԶǽǶš Ǿɱģŵүǵ硣 
үִƣ֡˾š͡˾ִš˾šÿӦ ճ룬үˣ紫ź򣬻ࣻйԱ򹫲ؾˣҪѲʹ ˣү˷ٷֵѰݱƲʡ;ƷӦȡ ϤӦֳ񣬱ǸÿơĿٴ߱ ǢͣѺⷸ˹мսΣѺգٴ̷׼ ²ʹѺ⵽һվȵȡ˾ִšԽ˼ݻү  ȴֱү򲻼еĵõүеľһ仰 ˣҲ˽˼ҵסַ۴εˣȥЩ סޣǰҲţڣүԸ үΪ֮ػǲ˴ͣԼǷ飬ȵȡѿ ţһƿƿˣվƿڵıү⡰š ߵý߲ǿһЩһЩ ȫÿǵĸˡǷȥߵŵˣ͡ŰĹأźֽǮ дϡž֣үүŰĺת ̬ȡŰֳϿǮĪ仰Դ˾Եģʵ ˾ҪżҲûǮȫүĽˡճ֮ǿ֪ġ ҪʣѱҪżòүѵ ߣҲǮ?͸ֳӣ÷ǡأ ѧ״֮ǧŵġʣΪûǮŰŴġԭ ֪Ϊ½ȥͶΣϲӽȥ鼱 סȻȥҳүǳ˵輿˵ ·򸮻ᣬԸ촽ǰ˭Ϊ˴ʣ˵ƣ˸  ·ŵ 
Ƚүʱ壬ǡϴġǬ¡ʵ ͣŰª棬涨Զ£طŶɼ˹š ʵԶ˵˵ࡶ೮һ£Ƶͣ˵Ǽʱɽ ݸ¾̫ؽ棬ֵգ̫ؽӡߣƸõĻǵȻҲ ͸ˡԪ糿λĻȥ֪ĳ꣬λ֪ǳɳ үǴݡһͦɣ֪ǹʱҪ ̫عˣҪŰ꣬üӱڸĻ ˣ֪߳ȳƴүҲǺǵģŶλĻ ʹһ١һ갤ڶʵȥ?ѾжӡΣ λȥ̫ظ״Ҫ˺ذ졣̫ؼȵø̫ӣҪ ֪˷ӣȻϡ࣬Ϊʫסλһдū ᵳĻĻš̫ͣأһʱɻáαѰգ ȻҪˡĹͷ񣬵ճճ֪صһ׸̫ 򣬴򹷻뿴ˡƽԭ⣬ַ档Ҳ֪еѭŶ סﳤɳӽɴñҪ񡣡 
үƿѣǮ̣ڳƸ˫ȫһţ˭? ҲԵѭԵݡָ޹ϵ򪩿ɽһ˵Ȥ峯ʱ  ŵĳСʿϡϡ֮˵νʿϡϵָȵү ࣬ٵǩѺһԱˡˣСʿϡ ϡأϵָֻү࣬תΪֻСһ˻ýʿ ɷ?   
ƽвت(3)   
ڳкƴүģǩѺ࣬ƽġ칫 ˼칫ҡǩѺүĳ תļڡǩѺ׺ǩүġĶꡱóΡٳС ϣǩѺһ˵⻰ô?ԭ̾ʺ֮أֻҪ֪ ڳŶƭĻģɣǩڻҪ֮صλϣҪ֪ ļױīʽµػү̬ϲȣ޲ĦԲ졣ʲô ίиĸĻѰ죬ʲôתķԱɣʲôµĻѺʽѹͼ¸ ãªɫӦꡢš참˳򣬵ȵȣȫšү  ϣǩүġϢһ㣬Ϊϳתܻ¶ȫڡƿ ǩѺҪ֮ءүҪַǵú ǩүС˵ĳҪռĳҵ˸״ӣǮϣ 죻ү͵ðһָǩүȻŻ¶ͷ 簲үĻá굽֮򡰳ϢãͿҵ񡱱 ˣʡ֮ʿԸǩѺϡʱÿСа޴дͣ ѶѶ޽ᡱֹ·ֽɸǩŪȫ͸Ǯ ⡣ 
λү棬ȫƶүүеҲܶ࣬ȴǩѺ˵𣬴һǩѺ һǩ⣬ϾŸˡ 
һ󡱣СĽе ֱ˸ǩֵáڿϷʱÿүãһһ վ˹ģģǡֵá֣䱾֮ǰȰҪѶĸ ȫˣүʰʱĿѶ֤ǰ̣ȫڶ ̷ɼ¼򰸾ʱ©Σһ֪ү ҲԼǮĻᡣ̷Ѷ¼ʱ˵˻¸ ֤©ʣүһʮӣļס?ֵõģٲ ôŷߡͷˣ͸ǩĸǩܰμëȥȻ תĻ˻СӡˡҪ?ӡ࣬ӡ࣬ӡĽ ࣬вǳЦүҲһѧʡƽʱúӡ ɥʱӡ ˮNB064ӡбӡ˰ýӷӡӡƱðӡ ʾб ӡʲôӡӡֻͷ𡣾ôˣ굽æʱһͼ аۡ겻٣Сӡ桱ҪɸַͣΪ ӡ࣬Ҳ̯Щ󣬻Сż͡ˣҲ ǩѺıرԱżæС͡뺡Ƶϰƽļȫ ȵǼţժɣȻǸǣЩļ¶÷ˣҪмʮ ϸ֮Ҫ󣬲ٹϸ˵ ˷ǩȱʱɡż油ǳдԱһӦʾš ֮࣬˸ӾүϿɺٽдĲ¡  ǩѺĳ棬һ㶼ɴҲ桱Ҫ߽ǩѺ  һƯĿ͡󡱡ֵáӡȷֹȣż ͡ġϢ࣬ǩүģܵ跨һЩΪ 
ǩѺĶүа캵ġͷ(ˮ)ŵġ ġ ˺ŵġ෿ġʡġùܳġģһ㡣ү ΪҪĵطЩүŵ㣬Ǯֿ⡢Щ족 ү϶СģԼ˾֣Ҳ÷ˮأ纵 ˮЩ족ʡʹָô?үϼͬŵҪ ͨ⼸λүסʡ͸ǣ൱פʡפ´ͨʡϸС ֮졢Ǩת£޲Ԥȱүÿ죬ðѡԯų Ļɳš⣬ϼա̫ү򸾵աүСգ үȢ̫̫ү顢СƸȵȣƨĽڣҲ⼸λүʱͨ  ҪܰЩȫȫûӽǲеģиֿǰʡ ĶүǵĺáϢ   
ƽвت(4)   
ڹܳүְƣ˵ȤԭƳ̫ǵʱ һأ뵽طţ˰ʳãùԱһԷ˹ͨϢ 飬Ҳӳ칫ʱһֶΣڵĻͽС͡͡ ͡ˡӶ26ǹоһƪNB034NB035ʳ üǡԪӦNB034NB035֪дġ 
 
Ԫʮĳգʳ֮ңʼʳҲ϶϶ߣ ʮжߣܰϣ֮ͬʣ֮£֮СȺ֮ȣª ӯɽǰˮ£Ը֡ȳɣ۲ƣΪʳȨӮ Գ䡣˺Ⱥã԰Ⱥʼλ֮Ц ʼ֮Ҫϯׯ޾Σ⿣Ծʼ֮֡¶ ˣɡ 
 
̫ڴʳõıȷ 
ۣССҲôԱһݡĹ£ һɣòһ׻վ֮࣬ͦġ˻ʳƶȣǳͲһ ԪƪʳüģЦ˭ڳԷʱܱ֤ ˾ģ?͸ṩһǢķΧǴСְһãԳ ˶ĳ¸õ˰죬ĳǷԩͣȫȺõʽ˼ 档ʳõķԪҲˣõǡ۲ơ𾭷֧ ࣬ǵط֧ƽӯ࣬Ҳª֮࣬ٴųȥȡ ϢνȨӮԳ䡱ԲĻһ԰·조ʳβӡ ȫġһƪΪ¬ʿ׫дĹ־˵¬ʿںϸʱ һǡԼ֮Ի˾¼й١ѧξͬٻʳ һϱͬһʳóԷȼߵṩţշ֡ʳ βӡʱ֮ԻٺǮְȱƷӣ˲Ǯ֮࣬λ£ ˺˾¼ξƽ֮Ҫƽ塣ɴ˿ɼʳҲǴڵȼƺƽ ġ 
ƴʳƶȣԺĴ󲿷ʱʹڣԼ̳У ͵رڵطʳеˣ̴ڡ ݿĿԺʳüǡƣʳˣȺż!ǲǮһ٣ࡰ һ²ǷɿڡζǷɡΪʳˮܴԵʱ  Ĳʹίɸ˶үƫ;ۡ(ۡ)У רһڡ˾ ۡĵú͸ҪŪʵж˲μӻʳݴ óӡ󷹡ӡˮ򡢻ĿΪͷи˺ʵ֧Ĳ ҪѲɹ統صͷ԰εȶΪͷ лؿ۵ģƳıѡ֣ǶϾã˷ѣڹǮ֮⣬ Щôǣͬʱֵ졢ӵӦϣֿͣߣ ͬ(ָүүǵĻʳע)ҷᣬʡ ͬ² 飬Ⱦʢг֮ͬм֮𣬲ɵ һ¼䣬ά֣Ӧ꣬Իͷ񡣡仰˵ ǰְԱνвɿүǣ͵óԲ˶ˡ үֵͣϯĶүڵһδף죬ү뵽Ǳ ˰㣬?ضܳĵ⣻ֱµ׽ʱĶүү үĻϴһͷ񲻰װһ? ƣ̫벻ԪҲ벻߶ȫͽѱīˡ 
򡷻˵ 
 
ǵŵĵڶ죬ڶһźֽдͣɶļ˵ְ ˿ͣеĺܸˣеԳʧӣΪеְ࣬ еְ١ЩְȻǲʲôģһְСִڹٳ ȥݿ͵ʱƬ(Ƭ)ͶӣֱйǩѺĵˮ ġЩְ ȻûʲôϢġڵһְˣоְ ɣһɣĳɲȡûְҲˣ ְҲܶ룬ҲСзҳԡɡ   
ƽвت(5)   
 
֮ƽ⣬ʷΪṩ˿ŵĽ͡ 
үү£лһȡϰ׺СӻСӣǼūļū ĳ棻רźүүĻɣԣʱѴүүǵ żѧЩȻƾԵȥ䡶˫ٯݿСƷ¼У ڳٵдר˵֪ĸһᣬĩ¡һףԻ  
 
ЦʯͤŵƽвأͽȻѧģ־ ĳ̪NB036NB037ɼҵ 
 
ôһүʹļˣҲܴҵ硱ָٹ ơȡĹ¡   
лʦү(1)   
ԼˡĵڶĻţҲС˵ʡ֮Ʒо ġʦү 
Ҫ˵ĻţֵôӡšһʽйŴٳϣһְѸԱͨ ŵϰߣʵϸ˵֣Ҳʱŵ ԽūͣνߣҲغת˼硶־ κ顤۴ƣۡ˧¼з磬Īԣ š ԱĸӦһ١֣ٵӹϵˡ ôšǰֺԼӸĻ?ԭĻᢵͨƣŴʱӻ ˧첿ӳ ޳ҰΪָӲν˳֮Уʤǧ֮⡱ Ե˷ġĻΪĻ߼һľԱҲĻ ˡغֱƣһľ٣аһƸ顢ı ԱȨ˾ͿɽĻˡʫ˶ŸڶʹƸĻ ıСڶȲıھҸΣСУԱɡǳ ŹʵѹûȥϹһࡣͷ޽?ȻУ ڵְ٣һݱڵٺǮݺ󻹿Դۿ۵ȥڶȲ ı ˽ƸĻʣϵͳԲһٺǮԼӽڶʹ칫 пˣݺۿٺ»Ǿ͹ֲöϷʵʳжˡ 
һȣҲͰĻʵԱٱԱ֮͹ֳˣǰǳ ˽˵ϣγһĻĻĹϵǵȫϵĻĹ˸ϣ Դֻ֪Ļ֪͢ߣǳԹҵٺһ¼ϵܷ ˺ͨȻ쵼Ŀһϵջʵڿˡһƶϣ ۣȻг͢ǳˡռйٳγ һ˫Ļ븮룬ǹûʵĻ˽˵Сӣ˽ Ļʩڸ𡣡˵Ͻʱл̹֮Ȩ۹£ ۭʺ͵綯ʿлЦ˵ۭ νĻ֮!仰ǰĻȻ΢ȴԲԤҪʵʵ͸ ν̫ԿطΪһǿ뼯ȨרĻ˸ƶȣ һţ()ıһĻְɳ͢ίɣ˽ ƸӴˣĻֻԭϵͳڡ 
壬峯ҶԺ˱仯ط̽ᣬƾͨ ʽͳʱƭЮƹԱЩһĹԱ˹ ͷͷǵ֮١ҲҪ֣ǵ˰æɣڸ ϮǻǮأеҲʶüǾ͸ˡ ʿЦЦ¼ϣνиɾƷְٵ֪ϵүȫ ءһʱ̷׼һŴѶ˺֤˵ĸ ʽǡƿ֡λүͨľһģڡƿϵ  һ£ƿ̷Цֲ˵ƣʴԻƿδ һһˣϻǡƿΪףүʵ㴫ԡ ƿδΪүŭƣǡƿΪף˸ҿϵ !ϾҪ๫˳԰ӣòСƿǸˣбôʶ ָһȵģ˷ЦνĳةǸä ״˲ϡһ֪ةǡة߿ˣ֪ؿ̯ڹϵ ˲ҿһһĨȥʱةˣֻ˲϶ô ܸܣɷҲҲ?ֻɫôٰ? һ˵ɣһЩܾɵعԱԷ󰸡ۿɵҲ ʤ͵ĸܣвأѵ򶪹٣ҺöԶǮ£ҲҪ ܲУԼͷ?ãЩָԭ򣬴߷Ļٶ ʢүԼǮƸ˽ˣ٣£ΪһǮģ £ҷģҲġԼˡ   
лʦү(2)   
ŶĻΪƳϵʧṩµĳ·Ҳܽ ٳĻΪĻŲгʸ񣬲ܹһϳܽ ҪܵĻãҲвѾȡšʸˣҲӴΪ ɻڴĽ ľĻйĻȥġĻҲרѧʺʦйϵ ͨǸѾĻŵ˽ʵϰѧʦʦ򵱹Ƽ ˫̸ˣͶһԼСضдƸޡκͱĿ ͬ ͥʦࡣضĻţݱͼ˶Ҫ棬Ϊʦү ϷӡΪǵǰ;ĳϽ˲࣬үƯ ķĻСĻ֮ơ 
ĻСʦү?ԭĻѧҲרҵŵҪ֮һ 󰸶ν֮ѧרҵߵļᣬֶΪ㽭ˣ Ϊࡣԭܶ࣬ҪһǽԮĹϵγ һԺרҵԾǿİɡӡԽʶ־ʷʱ ѧĻ൱ˣĳ(μ)黭ʦҲ ʦү 峯󣬡ʦүǱأٱ˼ĻţΪһ ͨķ㣬ҲͶʦڡ˰˼١̹԰ռǡмͬ (1870)ϡͨʡĻŰݣݾݡҲһϰ ֡峯ʱоеĻСܲã޻ղɵ˼ûʦү ţûлݳͲɵ̣ʵ仰˵ʦүȺȻٳ ط˾ϵͳＸ֮ãҲǿš 
 
еĻţͨרҵ 
ʦүרĻݸ֣˾е˫죬ͬŵź Ӧȣعп˵طͯѧҵΣʦүҪĻ⿼⡢ ӵȡоٺ󵱹ʦүһ ʵƯѲʦϴƸ븧𣬴Ӵ𡣪 
ʦүǸղ˵ʦүררЭĻ° ˵ʦүóһٳĲüĻЩʦүԾͨ ĳʽ참˳ƣӡ©֮࣬רҵس®ʶ Ļһƣδո / ˲һƣ  ޺ / ֮СΪһֵʣҲ  Ծ˵ԾʱСͷС仰ҪʦүԵģ ֡С ΪۣǡԼˡ׬Ļᡣ 
ǮʦүרЭͬĻǮض˿ڡᡢ á˰աܲһҵǵسǲⷽŵҾ 㣬ȫһĻʦ 
˷ʦүеǮʦүţҲרһ˵ġĻ żˣٸø˾ͶТ˾ʦүү үָٻ¸ƽؾʡӹ񡢲ضվ ǮĹԱǣӦøӦȣȫ⼸ϼš⣬ž ֧ˣҲ˷ţǹٸֻ۸Ǯȴˣ ٷ֮Ĳ˷ʦүġϢڰĶүɱۣǾǶ үıˡ 
ǹٷʦүǺйƾضһʱΪģΪҲүġ ˡҵòʵȨרҵ֮ġҵǡרү 棬˵ү˵Ļү¡ڶһλǮʷļ⣬ ǡݡ֮٣ҪЩЩԼ岻² ֣Լ㣬ҪʦүͬŶүһ֣Ͷһͷһһİ ȥ˵ľһԱΣ˾ͬȫʶֻܽ滰 Ļͬһͬ硢ͬšʦϾͱ֯һ ҹͨĹϵ磻ɶҪͨͬ׵飬̨ϹԱղ ԵĻһſͷ̸סٳνĻū  ʦүүǴͷ֮оĸҶʵݣв ͨġ   
лʦү(3)   
͡ӡһ£Ƽ֮⣬ҲлǮĻְ ġġ೮У˵ǹʮ(1887)֣ݻƺӾڣ ͢Ϊκ 䲼֣㿪ٴţ˽Ԩ硢䡢°ƽիٴ ˣԴշӺϾһ֪أŰΣõǽԨȱ ɡСʦүʹүүְˡ֣׷Ͷ ʣ˸ϲȱһȥʱΪ֪أΪĻΪǮĻΪ˾Ϊ ǩŪǱΪ飬֮ɶʮؿ ְ̰Ȼơ¡ضӡ֮ڡĻ ɴԼһߡ   
ڡ˪(1)   
еԼˡ֮ĲΣ̫үNB032ǵļҾ 
ڱܹŴٳرܡرܵƶȣľʴ Щƶ⹦ܵǣһӦطԱΣЯףֵֶ ˡߴð˴̡Ǭ¡ʮһ(1776)ʱеּ Ա֪ ʮߣ׼ǰδ֪ʼԺ?ⲻɱأ飬δΪ Ǣú׼Я峯ǰйЯι涨ģǬ¡ʵ˵ú ԣδ֪ʼԺ?йУҪΡԵطٵĹҪϣ Ԭ˵ɶࡷǣ˾ְ˾صۯξʱڹݵģ ¼ϵĽͬ˾֪ʱС˾˵Ĺ֤ͬ ʱ֪ءξȾɴΣȻҲӡƵ 붫Ұ־ࡷ 
¼νڼζ(1213)Ƶ׼渰ةʱ · СţкةΪ˺Խ֪سĳ߿࣬үԼ ķ˳棬ȱŮΪڣة˰СҪԺƵ֪ СϼְСҪˣСֵĸȴ磬޸һʯֱСַ ӭȴ˵ʵʱְٲԴҾΣСҲˡ  
ǣ򺺽֮ɣֿȻҪģҪʲô Ȣԭ񲻾˵?ߴֶүү á ̫ȣڵⲻ͹Ĩǣ˿رһԽر סĹϵ?֪̫үСӡүĴ̷ξ˵Ķүȣᵳ УȻʹذսùˣ˭Щү?ԶĲ˵ ֪弾ԩ漰ຼ֪֮ͮӺ ĻڣСײˡ䱩ǿ飬ȴȨƶšƷ ͮƫ ԣ϶Ǹ¶ʡ顱λǣ ƭŸϣҪ䡣˵ⳡ䶯Ұԩʼ ٸ߾̫үĶӡعٳں͹֮Ϊһ֤ 
ڿػϷֺγܸ?籾ڶͽܹκڡ ǧ˸ܡʱӡξʦסڣν ܡ֮ߣƻԹҲ̫̫ģǣ峯 ʱ֣ƹĸТҵ쾵ţ605617)У³̫أ ĸϳ ϰΪģ֮ԣ(֣)ƹǰղ ʳշ⽨ ͳֵᳫġ桱ǵ ͸?ֺθܴڵġ桱ء 
ȻΪռġԼˡ֮ڵң֡еԼˡ֮ Σȹʽƶࡣǰүү֮࣬вǿϵϲ ġ弾ԩУӺʱ㶫خضʵݻҰ ڣ֪ػĳ׿ֳʬֽҵ״ֽצ үţȻ֪صСӣСȥ˵֪ط˷ ʹɷĶϰ˼ԱӻӶ춨ⳡ䶯㶫ԩĻ˵ ѧƷڣʱعٳҲȷʵЦᡷν һ֪أרη̡һãŹ£ȥتǱ  ˴򡣡֪ҧŭԻңҡںãԻ Ǳ?֪ؾԻʱ㼴¹򣬿µ?ƱɫǩѺ  ˣܲ?ȻʱǼ٣棬˱ ˵Ļ¸ƺҪԼֽӹáɾЩҲи˵үǮ ̫̫Ǯү̫̫ʵݣ빹˹ٳϵϴͳ֮һ   
ڡ˪(2)   
弾 ࡶɶͨһƪɶ֮ɡν֧ʹ̫̫̫̫֮ͬߣ Ů֮˶Ƚү֮˶Ҳȸ𣬻ף Ϊͬա̫̫֮·αؽү޺֣̫̫ҡҷ Ҳˣ̫̫֮ɣ֮ܵ󡱡ɾȹεһʽ ˡ     
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Ԫ(1368)£ŵǻƵδõ̫Ԫ谰䲼گ飬ȫ  ͲšȣһЩѨɽֵġű֮ʿֻһѡ٣ 縺ﶨΡĳ⣺ԭҪЩƵ ġͲšɵȥعԱȻ֮ͣ١̬ȵ ϿҡԪ谵˵ǰɸ֮ڴҵɡ ֮㣬̷һΣص֮͹֮˼ֱǣΪЭ һµģ˵ְͬǿﶨΰ 
ӦýԪڿ֮£Ȩ裬ȷ۹ ÿԣĪأ޲ 
ƶȸŹ涨ζԡۣʵʮƲ ԶΪн𡢹ȡ֮ۡۡٻʱۣ֮ ʱݾ̣ģƶ֮Ǹڸʡü֮񡢹 ʿסϼϣԹְɡɽ޴ ֮ʹߣ򰴼¹˲ã˹Ŵҡķ 棬Ҳһƶȣأ´壬νǧһʹȻʹ һһۿܣ½Ӧ֮ˡȻǵ ŵְϸѾǰڶ˽ĸģֻ˵ ״ĸŹˡ   
֮ũɣ(1)   
꣬ѧʿһĴ̫󼰹ʵۣ ʷΪѹʸʹԵʮ(1832)ʿ ڽ 40Ĵ֪أʱνѲʶʵְ˺;˳Ҫ Ļļ ¿ӣݡٹ˻ףڼʱٰͼ롰 ࿹ҲܿϼˡȻ()ͬ() ֮ʣֵ塰˼ ĻСңֹٳ΢ϸεˣк͹Ƶ δȫϡʷݡҫ?λ֣һĿڶʱ ųơ˹Ҳû˵к֮ͬͬͬͬ ĹϵܿҲûһΣϹ֮ͻȻôһ?  
ĵСǣ跨壬ԭôһ¡ 
ʮ(1837)ʱԺԾ˵ݣϲμӻԡ ֱʱ ڰǰ֪ع()ĸʾʾǡȰ ֡ر ҶЩľ޺ֿĵĵУ걸Ŀʾ 򵱵ؾѯλ̫ү֮񣬳ϣʸΪ ǰδСݸʾԼϰնԹ򳬵ۣ˺̵ӡ ʱ40м£ر˳ 
ٺʷݶΪ֮֮ںũɣ峯ʼʱ Ľ٣Ҳйߡ뵱ʥ濵Ѳȫأ ÿһءȲԵط׻׻֮ΪҪ!Ǭ¡ յǻꪡNB044ΪһҪ񡱣ǿȻ ޼Դ µطԱĳӡ׷ṩϺڵҪ ˻ܲΪٹٱʡΪ֮?ʷݷּѼĲϣΪ д˴ǣرͻ֪Ȱũɣ¼ 
ȷʵũйСũ̬ص㣬ӡινΪ֮ ߱ũιۣعᴩĩһֱƶߵָ ˼룬ҲһֱŵĵһҪʱԭСصسˣļũ 񿪿ѻĵйڿʱΪϵȣȥƴʱΤȰ ũйпΪһϱΪεĻ٥ӡǸ ӣι֮ϻÿԣҲ֪չũҵǹҵĸͶ (1112)רŷһگعԱ涨ŵҪǡ Ȱũɣ ֽ֣Ϊرҵ˵֡ʱ򡢽乶򡢺ˮ ɱţũֲﻧϹʮ׼(Ԩອ 216)̫ Ԫǵʱ¡һأ֪˾俼ǣ ũѧ֮ڶˡ䱾⣬Ƽȥͨ䲿Ź˭֪ʵ۵ ʾǣũɣʳ֮ѧУ绯֮ԭ񡣲֪ˣԻڶˣ ĩְ?үְ 
νȰũɣôЩȥֲõ?λڵʮ׼ ͨеġ֪ʱȡ桱ţ෽ʽ ЩũǶٻũͽСرҵ˹֪ غʡһЩ˿ܶȽϸߵũ񿪿׻ʹŮأͽС˵ ʱӹӾƼ磬۸ǡѱ٣Ұ޶ũǡ () ʵƼ֪ϣ˵õټ׾һɽСصʱ̻ д˲ٹʫ裬ͽСֲбʱ ŪNB046 
γ֪أ˽ˣʮ˵סسˣ޵ؿ֣ ˳ԣнũҲǮ?ץӡнũ ԣѣпӦлǮʹиʳƷӦͽũõƣ ˶«ʽС֪زˡ廳λسĵ(Ϫ̸) Ҳǡ ֲݡʯ۴֪ʱεĵһգʮʱ 䣬ܱȫ14磬ȰҳôϾʱ迣ʹˮ󣬿޲ˮ֮ ϰնлĿⳤԶ֮ȻȰ֮޸ҰͽСˮ (ٴļ75)ȹкԻֵϮĻعԱ ȥǰ ߵָӵΡ峯Ǭ¡ʮ(1751)ʱط¸ϱˮ طΡ УСũĸ֣ھסţһʹ纣ӦѲʱ ʷ꽭Ϸˮ֣Թ⣬̫迣Ϊ ˮ֮ԼһֻСѲӣϺ֪ŪNB047ͼζ֪һҪȥ һ߶ ˵иԴŵøйŵĹԱץ͡º  ֪Ǻ̼̽ȵȨ֮ƣǸ˵ɱͷѱ͵ȥ    
֮ũɣ(2)   
ǰν١ѭʵֻȰũɣ ûı׼ᵽ︳һգľ嶯ǺȥһŲ  ¸ơũǾ滰عԱԡȰũΪڣܵΣ ̫үιΣιΣũƣڽӴ˲ƣũʱ ڹļпһЩġġ֮£Ҳ үǡȰũɣĳƽʱʯ׼ֲֺȺȥ ܸ֯֡ɵģѧĽ̹ټԱǺһʽ үүүǵ棬Ǵͽأ߻˺ˮʱɮ˾˾ ĹԱҲųд֣еʿָӴͷ¡˵Щ ʲ ڿ־޲ö̯ɳļʧΪҳûմˮĺʱ 塷Уһ£˵ĳ꣬ݴ󺵣Ųæ ֯ȴ곡档ˮûһΣһס롱̫س ϲ ãҹƴ!үߺ󣬽׽ţʹʮ˰壬ֻ  ˡߡҧԼүһ֤ ̣Ӧʫʮ֣һʮˣ飺ɱ!׷ 󣬸˵֮١ָϰȻЦٸԣŹŪ ͷȰũɣʵȷʵǡ֮ࡱ 
һôͳǱϲǡϲŵࣺܶһԻڿ˼𡱡 һ϶೤Щ룬ͽСκ̡˼ζ꣬ͽС¶﹡ ùȥټĲݱͽС֥ȫƵװӣר͵ϼ ȥתʳ͢ҲȰũмı־Իűһ鴵 һӣԼһƬ֣һһƬϲ£ݾܴ Իƾ촴˫գһرӳȰѻĵϣֳŵһ Ҫ︳ӣ︳Ҫүªӣʵݡ ˫յضѻĿ峯ʱʡ簲ΪӺ ʮ(1732)󱨿ѻ 139ꣻӺʮһ(1733)󱨿ѻ150꣬ǰһ22032 60ʯȫ á(︡)취ʵүٷƣջƼ Ǭ ¡ʵ۵ǻ֮Щͼε󣬱иҽ滰ĹԱȸ Ǭ¡طбءȷ󣬾ʵ뿪( Ǭ¡ʵ¼5)ֺöʡݶں͸簲ͬ󡣪 
ˣһ£Ҳϲ£ֻӭ˾µգ ϡŹֵĹ¡Ҷε¼أʱǮ ޵֪أ󺵣ֻ֣̩˵̫ү˾㱨˵޻ȡ ̩˻Ų֯ԵʣֵñΧظ˾֪ʣ ֪λү˵̩˱ûȳģ޵Ļȳ˹˾ϭޣ ϲȣʹھǮĵϭֺֺЦϭֽβдľ仰ȳ汾 ֣šԱطȥȴѺ 
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˳ʮ(1661)³ߣ渣ͻȻݱ̳лλΪͯ ɵĿ й»ʵ۵ǻܵһЩ䡱ңһﷸǡ⡱ ׼μӿƾٿԵʿˣһơѾ˻ߣôȻֶһЩ ְؼҵĿ𸴡ֵܹĿ꿼ߣζȵȡ ֪󳼡СʵһʥʹʾͻٴȫԱνǮ ϵ裬ܴС٣ⶽߣ⣬Ϊְֱ࣬ʡ ǮǷ࣬١ϵǰٻͣۺ٣ϵŲǷ Ǯ٣۴СǷηһͣתشǮǷ תȼͬ£ޣ⡣ǷǮ꣬Ӧְ Ӧ֣ȷࡣ 
ʥּ˵νͷһáNB032֮࣬  ߵһ롣Сʵ۰ˣǮޣǵ˹٣Ӳ˼ Ҫְ!δʡѲϣǮδݴҲɸ »ͬ鶨䲼ˣȫţ֮֮ϰݱ β󣬾ͽաʡʿ𱻷ֱᡰ顱ߣҲ13517֮  ιԱһɽãڼԱһԡԻʽߣһ ȥš˺ͽʿĹɽؽʿҶ©һǮ̽ ҲסʹСֵ̽һǮ֮ҥط衡ͤض ڿȡʿǷһŭ֮ϣȥĻţΪ ֮ҡҪıʿ֪ġҲʱʿʥ̾һ ʿˣŵ˳λϵĻӣݸ׷᳡ɢʹ š÷̣Ԥ˰ʥ̾18 Ϊ׷ӱԴ౻߲㡣 
һأǰ֮ʿ֮ͬҲعԱ֮вҲ24 0ˡʲôԵ?ǮȫŵΡ 
Ǯ︳Դ˽йֺ󣬹Ҿʵյ˰ ƶȣʱ³ʮ(ǰ594)ġ˰Ķֿ︳Դͷ ʼ ͳһȫ︳һؼȨֱգ˺һֱϮ Ŵңҿ֧ӡתȼ϶  ˰ǳһСȨײ㼰⣬ȫķ޳  񡣶йһũķ⽨ڣ︳Ϊ˰е֧Ŀ ︳ձ򶨶ʽвͬ纺ʱǡʮ˰һΪ ʮ˰һԺĳСʲһ֮˰ֱ磬Ŵǰڵ︳ʳ ʵ֣кǮУƱɫǮɫ硰ơ ӹơ˰һ޷̯ĶʹõĲͬ 취ȣ˵ֳˡֻסһЩ⽨ һġȼ϶ȫŸ£ȥν Ƹ֮ףƸ֮ڲ飬̺̼֮ĶҲڲ飬֮α (3)ǰء顪Ƹ໥ϵԼ عԱ йеȫˡǰһڽ֮ںũɣ˵͸ˡ ǮҪʹӡũɣгжȰũɼĺûйӽ ӽǣǿ︳ճɼΡ߼ǣũҵ︳Ȼգ֮  Ȱũʵϣľ͹Ǵӽǹ۲ģ˱ ǰʥ֮⣬ΪְҪ͸һ㽲дС ԱԱԼʦүȡԼˡȫϢơȶĲ֣Ҳ Ӹ˰ϻã͸ǾȫԸڴĶˡ 
︳Ḷ́ѪĻÿο֮ʱ֪ءNB032ͬ ֡ ԱۣȫƶȣũӦڼøʾ󣬷ָ ոص ɣһ̱Ա桢ֶȴֵʱ˿۷ָ 跨ѶթȣֶΣһ㡣ʵͽɸ ͬŹءٸ򵥵ӣĳũԸĶҪӦý ʯʱһҴСʳ͵ָص㡣ȵŶӣСġ Ѱƣߺȳ𣬵ϷŮΪòֵ㽻ˣԱץһʳ˵  ̫ʪѹȣϱһۿۣ˹ʱֶͳǣ ֽţһۿۡһˣʳٶڣȴǷ ɵļ¼Ƿָզ?ʾ涨ָص㲹Ƿ޺ һ߿ƣֲξ(ԪԺǵʷ)Ѳ ô˷׷׳ һɧڣˣǡɹǺʱٽʿ ȥﵱξԸѹðСһءǶ˵뷨 ǰ㣬ȴûȹ˼ɣһ磬͵졣߿ƺ ̲㲹ǷǾҪץ׷ȡˣӣվϺšһһ ڰǽϵĴ߿ʫνص۷ȻֽϷ׺Ⱦ ɺž顣Աõϣҹǰв뵱һڱߡ ǴǷʵдաʱׯʱйһƪصȡָĳ ү߿ֻ̫¶ʮնȣ³ոʪپ? ƴ˴߿ƣ˳֮͢ʺ֮ְ٣ò׻׻룬 ˡׯʷϣǸƪսȫ ȻҲͣǿԴиЩʲô?һǴ߿ʱĸɽΪ Ƹܣ߿ģֻׯû˼ҵĴ̳ñ ̣δ̫һЩѣأһ׻׻룬Ϊˡ ˾ׯ?   
󿼿Ϊ(2)   
룬涨ְǮߣ˭ĹˡֽϷ Ⱦɺž顱ı?ҪְĻ͹˲Щ 
ʫν󿼿Ρ֮̬ĸҪ󿼿ϵȣҪ ƣǵôɲɣƽţĺڽš仰?ʱն ¸ݣ·婡١ݣ䣬 գ޲ʹ߼ٴ߻Ƿͽţϰ˻!ն  ϽԵԶ֮ÿݴǷ䲻ˣ֮ǳжʮɢ 䣬պɰ?(ͨࡷ473)ֵͷϣ Ҳ˿ һأԼ̰־ܹסʹ̰֮ǡ١ˡɽ ˵׼ɰ֪ʱÿڻḳۣΩţ֮޻Υߡ ǿˡ 
ʷعԱ︳ʱ׼ڰǽʾģȷ Ҳ١Ϊǻáù١ҪǲɻǷ仰 ŻǳôЩù١١˿ι?  
һʽСƶȣҪ㽲ֱͬ򽻵 ҲӰҰǷ̫ǹ֮һױ ԱС׼ԱΪࡣǷֱٸ˰ɶٻĶ︳ Σũǰ︳ǣ ͳһ⡣ũͷкöֹʵĵط۵ ӹˣƲʱǷˣվϳȵ߳ܿ Ƿˣǿɾ˳ծڽܹٸͬʱ һ˶ϵΪ ν桱Ľײ㣬һ㲻ú֮ĵѣǽ븡֮Ĳó Ŵƽ߿ˣǷתȥͨɡɡŴַʽ  Դũϵõˮѧһʷ;ѧˣӴؼ沢 ʣַʽǼ沢ũصһҪоٺΪʲôϲ÷ ?ΪڿƳоʹ˽ͣת˻£Ҳ˳䵱ݣ˲? 󣬶긳ַʽνϲǲ롣ȴӳԱ֣ǹ Աϲǡǰ︳ˣԱ޼֮ÿ֮ʵʡĵö࣬ ˵ĺôȻҲǳаģëϡǾͲͬˣ ΪƳ˱֤Ա⣬ֻټֱֿйز֮ ǵ棬 ʱһݡϢҲҪƽִŵ˲Ƿ ʹҲһķ룬ܲ?УɵĶҲ ģԻ͵غѾ棬ũ񵱴 ︳ߣҪũôũ˵ûˣͨ߿ɾͽп ˡԡСײˡϵɷһҶ뵽ͨ¶ԵϡΣ Աϲֿһλã籾µĽн® Ĺ£ǾȼĻвٳٳ䵱  ߣл׹ݡٻ׹ˡƵƣˣ ң˹ٿ⣬Ʒ֥һֶΣҲκβǾ˱ ƪǷõˡѸԱʲôԭ? ƽʱҲգϡմŭұ㱻һˡǻ˵  ۹ʷŴ︳ͨԼǳ䣬 ͨվšﱣ֮λһĹΪҪ档ŷʹ أȫɹ Ϊ顣͢һ֣ȡʮ֮亦˹򾪺ʷ ֮ũߣٷ֮ũ֮ũҲ!һǿŵĺڰһǿ̰ Ҳúϳ˹ᴩйʷ󲿷ʱ䵫޸֮յì󡣪   
󿼿Ϊ(3)   
Ȼ⻹£йŴĸ˰ԶԶֹ︳һ!л˰ͷ˰ ˰̻˰˰Ŀ࣬˰֮⣬С衱˾̯ ɣйҪ̯ɣطϹҪ̯ɣ޽УҪ̯ɣ װҪ̯ɣ޳ԫҪ̯ɣֶⷿҪ̯ɣһүȥһ үҲҪ̯ɡͤʼǡνظ䵱֪أȥʱĶ䣬 һǮϾСˣ˵Ϲأ¹Σ Ϊٳߡ!纣ڴ֪أȥܿ ˣعأүȥķãҲȫذ̯ɣһΣ ӲǸô˰ô裬ͽС˰ţ ëרĿɹָйز⣬Ÿգʱ 龰Ҳͺһһһдû꣬͡һ߶֪ȫɡ   
໧۪(1)   
(1430)ĺհдһƪôǴԱʾ 伲 ˽͹ػ˵ȥ꣬ʱƽũأ ֱӿɫϾҲûСһôڿ?˵ ˴ţ߽ڣһڣũɹʣô ܿ԰һЩ?˵Ȼִع٣ְ֮ҵҲ˺̾ Ϣ 
̾Ϣ̾Ϣۻվɱ෢Ȩײ⣬й а޳۵λƽũ˵ģְ֮ ƶȵִкͼߣţνִع١Ľˡ 
ڵĵ顢ǼǺ͹̯ɺ۵ǰݣҲ ԵĹ֮һʷǡд˵ʱһֻ꣬ιȪһԥ ҵ滧θȡʹȥȪж 滧û һԥҵ?Ȫʹͼˮʮң֮®Ϊԥҡ ɴ˿֪ڴʱҵؼȨоڻڵϸᣬб ϻ뻧ġͼˣ̯һ֪ʼͳһ йһĿƶȺֻڵ͵Ǽǹضִߡ˯ ĹУһڻڵġʽĳٸףԭסĳڱ ѲڵĳûסٸѶʺݶȷʵ һ»ǼǣǶ±ߵģյñ˻˵Լû ٸ϶йΪʲô?֤·ҵ۹20 ֿԴһ֪ڵǼǺ͹Ҫ֮һ档Ȼл˰ ˰ȸʽ̯ɣҲЧܵĵط 
лڵ顢ǼǺ͹?ʷϸв ͬһܲʽһÿ涨һʱڣ»߰£ ϰȥ 걨顣硶顤ﴫǣڽ(ţ25 56) ĩĸ׻ÿʱصȡȣ֮˼黧 ΪĸϣţҡΣԼƲСĸȥܰȣ ֮ԻТɼǻںʵƶ൱ϸģ̫̫Ҳ Ž顣Щһ㶼ɻة쵼½У֪Ҳù ʣҪΡʷ̴ǣʱ֪ҵҵȥƵ ̣սҺ󻧿ڲɢʧʱû֣б˽ҡ ̺棬ƽ¼䣬ĵ飬˲ʵͳһǼǺͰ ʱԱβʵ̱㾯˵ﻹĳĳˣĳĳҵΪʲ ôʵ걨?һ񺧾壬Բ 
һֹʽҲڹ涨ʱڣԱȥ硢ָ١ ԱеǼǺ顣Ļ(Ʋᡱ)취 ˳򣬡 ᣬ˻䶡֮֮׳׳֮ᡢﳤᡢﳤ֮ء (峯ͨ䡤ʳ)念ʮһ(1712)ʱ˸ ̯ĶߣԻǼΪݣǸ ռһڵǼǺ͹ʵ࣬ ˣÿǼʱճһ֮һͬŪǬ¡ ʵ۴Ƣƴ˼أɺ?иʡӦᣬչס ⶣԴ!(ʷ塤ʳ־)ٷſƵ һҪ ʵǵ˼Ӧ˵йϻƶԴ硢ȫʱӳ ״ĹңЩɾͶ벻ŵľ幤ǴǬ¡ʵ۷Ƣ ʵУֿǿҸܵڻ͹ľʵУϵ ʵִеģһˡ̯ĶߣǾְˡ   
໧۪(2)   
ʵһ㿴⣬ڻְأԶǴӿԺ ſʼҲڵ顢˺͵Ǽʱءһ⡰ֵص ڵϣŪϡַɾͶˡйŴĻһл Щ𣬾ǻķ࣬ڴʱʿũ̵Ļڷ ԺԽԽϸһԱũֻ̼ӻ(ѧУѧ) ɮ»ֻ껧仧ȵȣʲôеȨķ ʲ ôгǮЧҵķݣʲôеʲôۣ⻧ľǡ ҹɺʮүĸݣΪǼھ 룬ȨȫͷͶˡغ ʱڵӻĲȨٵ;˭ֻ?Ǿ͵ðͽ ţǮ˯Ĺרһӳξ׼ һڵӻ£Υ߾Ҫ֣֪ʱзֱ֡ ˻ǨϳȨڱ컧ʱԻ״̬ ʱԼ˵ʳߣĪмע¼ͨ پ¡»ʣһǮձ΢顣(ͨ䡷 3) һǮ˭?ҪŵʿĸԪ רָģۼ£֮ĴðαԸƷ Ϊ֮ҲףӱؼġⱾǮֵ!һ棬 Ͳˣ۵Ĺٻʿ ӻɮ껧ȻԽ࣬ؾԽͣɶ޼ ˭䵱?Ǿǹũɫӻùˡˣũȥץֻ ǿҹӦ仧㣬ǿ˷»ƣȥ һ½ʥ͡ʱץ䵱еЦҲһۣڻб 档 
֮⣬лȵĽǰո˶١Ʋߵ͵ȼ еۺӸл־ŵȡȡȵȸֲͬķʽֵȨ ִƣһµġ͸Ǯ¸ߵĴˡҴ¸⣬ »֮ͨǧëΪݡͨࡷ أŶڶʱ̰ݰϲһأͽԭȻ 3400ĵȻԭĵȻе4700ȻʱҶǱ֪أ ס൱أ©ƶڱ䡱ϵȻģΪ ǮƣµȻˣЩûȱµȻأΪûǮТŹԱ е˳ɱۡŷйһ⸡ͼµ˻ ӡ˵ڿᰵƫƧطУʮ»ڡˮ񼰹ϸ˲ ߲һ䡱һֺεҵ龰! 
۾жĿصεȳ̶ȣʤʱλعԱġ ̾ྭʵ¼41У֪ŹıԹصعϡ·Ҫ ϱֱʮʹ͹㾭طۣ޶֮ Юƶᣬ׳Уۼסƣصĵλòã ͨҪ壬ȫ׳ȫȥ˴˻СˡӢʵ¼ 45УɽݷعԱĳߣǧһʮ߾롣 ʮ˹̿˼೧ʮ̳˲ݣ˳侣ԽѲ˾ ʱо蹩࣬¿ 顷һƪ£Ǿ͸ӾˣũʱֺΪηӣΪ ӣĺΪƷӣ֮ͶδֹΪ˷ӡ緽Ϣ֮Իʧ ɡ˶֮ϾϾ? գڿƪλƽũ򣬻˵ģٻʱ Լ 
Ƕ֪ϼĴѧңȫʵ̤׿ ֪һϼμǡ׫ɣõ͸ũ޳۵Ѫ?ߵ ȻϹֻ࣬Լдμбɿ(1636)죬 ϼڹʱ ƾطŷһšơߵĶɴýӰ̧ţһһ ӴҪ10ۣʱֲáͯӴߡ˴ ùԷ׽ΪȡΪá˵ ЩѽѽũǻǮġСȴ˼ҵĳθ ʮ һ¶ʮ죬1221գ죬Ƕڣ½δũ ĥ۴Բȵʱ̣˵˸šơŵáӾɽ ȣ˸԰ϼ;˰ҰѲ飬ѳλŮȥ˰ λͷؼڡ(ϼԳ)  ӡΪβ?ԭмӲˡԹ˸Ϊ̺֮ Ĵ߳ٷԡ   
໧۪(3)   
ȻϼͱϾǸ⽨ȼʶΪŨѧߣϰΪṩ޳۶ ʱҲǶ񡱣һذЩˡɼʹˣֵüȮ ˸ſ֣Щšڡ򡢿ղĹԱǣһȻ֮ ֺ?ǸͲƽũ̸ڣҪͳʱڵ֮ ظҪΣĸȺҲתɵġ 󰪡NB052NB052У»ʵҪµʥּЩ ؽƶĳӣЩűץҲ۵ݣġ֯ͷӳ һʷʵλ֪ء׷ȡ㻫ٴ˿ڡǡÿ һͷ֮ӵľ껯Ϊ󰣬Ʒүͽ¹ үڿоͱΪ׿족һˣ˳ۣѧ٣ ѧУﲹĶ硰ֲˡһڴһࡣű໧ ۹еֺĻͲҶҲƪС˵еõĳ̶ֳϵı¶ˡ   
ƪ(1)   
ʮ(1809)ڪND043(ʵ) 鰸ǰơһסʫʮ ϡȫʫ300֣ע951֣ǰһ֪õĹԱعйʷϣһ λʵΪһƷ֥ĳϸעһʯʮֺ¡ һˮֱֶ¶˹ŴڰʱĲٺĻȽΪ 𡱣ϸݣ𡣪 
ϸؽҲ˾ڹһҪݡҪȥ֣۴ӻ ܹά֣˵ף벻ɻ˻żҪϽ ˻˰ֵۣñס˻ʧͽлڱν ȡɡڵĴʩиסƶϵȶʽڶν ֮ȫǣͼʡīˡ˻ǼˣǿعԱ һҪݣ漰үǵ롢ıƣⱣ˻Ĵʩֵü һи˿ڡθڳ꣬гʵ轨飬֮ȫ  мƣٳգݼ()滧ڶ˰ӡֽ գ ݻڶ˰ǩΣջڡ˰ߣΪǨߪڲ ջڶ˰мߣΪεõܡ(λҪ塤ʳ) ˼عԱǰҪ¼һµصĻͻ˰   ʱһμ¼ӣͿΪϵȣ٣෴ͿΪĩȣҪ鴦  һһƣ˳Ҳ跨ϴȵӻ Ŀνмơˡơ?ڣ˻ 籱ʱͶعԱиگӻʮߣ() ()¿ ѡٻͣӹ١(ͨࡷ45)⼸ ܸܣв عԱ٣ҲвعԱ˰ְ߸֪ݣļ ȥգ11380ң31300꣬ͣ״Ȱ¡( ʷ߸)Ϊعѧϰİ֪ݸڣ ʧ 2509ңʧ53000ᣬگʷ(ͨࡷ53) ִ ʩӱΪӹҲ룬ִУȶᡢֳ ˿ںͷչнġȻϺе Сߵʷϣڻڱϸʽ塢Ū ٵ󣬱ȱȽǡǿϰղ𻧣߽ͻֱƴѹΣ˰ ˣ󱨻ӣپػࡰǽǡٳүߣ ӾӶֻ࣬Ҫֽʽгɼӳеͨġ 
ôΪʲôᷢ?ԭɶˣܲҪӣ˰ǷҪ սչҲҪӡǣͨԭĪֻˣˮֻ֣֡Ū ʳգҪֻгһ·Ҳ;Ǿֻ췴 ˡйʷϣÿһνϴģᶯ˻ũ񱩶ȣʮа˾źֻ ϵ֮أ֮Ҳأܽѵ 㶼ٰ涨ΪŵҪְأǱڵ֮һ 
Ȼ֮Ī(Ԫʷʳ־)ĴʩҪ  
һ⣬Ҳл⣬ȥֵϰյǮͲۣʱǼȥһ ŵĴʵʵСʽԻʱõʵݵǳ䵱 ǲֺǿʹʵĿֳɳԺ졣ʱһס衷 ܸķò 
 
͢گ¶־⸳ 
֪δگǰδӡ 
֮˰繣֮η 
꿹ٷٰŲƴɡ 
꿹䣬վùȻ⡣ 
Ƿ࣬߿ƴ߿ƽκΡ 
 
׸ע⣬ÿ괺ļһοʱʽϰһǮ ˣٹּ͢گʱũٲ֮ծϵ 䣬жȥΣȫʵݱҵ    
ƪ(2)   
ڶʩǷȼȽһʳϰնȼģԺٻ ǷʵУŴȡʽӴнлҪ󣬱Ȼʹ ʳʱѹ͵ܹУСϽҰ䲼ԭ ԵģӿӪ˵ʱڣڸ ѧʿԻ֮ף˵һֳڷŴʱҪ ͳЩͲֳ͢Ķ䡣 ĶԲǣ϶٣շ֮ʣҪ˶쵽 ֶʮ֮һϢԺջʱϢһЩ ջسƽˣŵľȻıͷβˡʵкöû쵽 ڳʽĴǷУҲûôҪϢȥĿգôһֳΪƽ֮ӯ ʳ˾ߵ˽ҡٰŵӣȳ͢׷һ ʱ½ջ࣬Ǿ͸Ǵˡ 
ɹҹ涨ȫԾȼʽŵҲУţŵĶҲ һԹģȡȼˣμˮ裬ɻԷ һҲ㲻װ׸ʳˮгԶ档˾ͽСԱ ȶԹҸҲ԰ո𡣻λؼ˼ھص֥ ʱҲһ־ȼмۣΪģü۸ȫȼ ƽܶôһءٵ ʽһҲûԿ¸ʳأȫǡӯࡱˣүͷ 񣬽̴ϡȣܻҲǼȲҡֲյġԱʵ Ŵν١ֻһˡһЩ󣬾Ǳڿ ƪ𡱵عԩ֮ˡ 
˵ʮ(1808)죬ƺӾڣһ׵壬 ɢ סʫʮϡﹴͼǬ(¡) ()֮ʣᶯ أ⾰вϿ跨ȣͻӣǳ͢گ⣬ ʳľͷʳ򲻷󷢷ŵģ跨ȥʡ롣  ڵʫһ˵طϣǡδܱ飬ϰơ ǣͼ?ʩ⣬ŴľȼòƵĻᵽ ɽΪ90000֪캺һˣ̰25000 ǮʱܶɳһԱù ɽصĹԱ¿ƽʿ֪õɽīع 
ٹ໤һйٳϵϴͳνӺ֮࣬ʽҪǮ ã̽ȥ³һЩͳɡ 캺żָԼĳͬعĳӴСүǴү ͷ߰飬ԼүѲӺۿڱ֮ʵĲ״ʮ صٵ˶Ժѷص̰ðΣʡٱء 캺ðүԸó10000Ϊߡ֪عէ; ١뵽ٳϾֺĻ?ϴʾܾʾҪ캺лߵ¾ٱ ܶӣ캺һҪ󣬾Ǹĳ 顢顢ȼλүǣҲҪɧˡûʽšͲ桰 Լˡ㣬⻹õɶͷ?鿴׼һ˱Թ Ҫ跨عĲ͵ջ٣Ϊعѿ쵽ˣһ Ѵͷиʱֺֽš˴ӦعҲ ˸ģһ澯Щ£һܵϵġ˶ ᣬ޷֡ 
ۿعʡ캺ˣ עһɱڣɰ棬顢ֺ ˣؽлˡ⼸λүѬģһڴӦҸᣬͶ ڲˮعֺϻӽٽʬϣαһ ֳ   
ƪ(3)   
ʡĲԱʱ˵ҲС£캺2000Ʊȥ ֪챶һֹ¾ʹ»СˡһĵʡʹͰʹ νϿɱĽֻۣϱܶҲһ·ϵϣͷѺ С»ˡ캺֪ͨɽīعѻؼͬʱ ǰԣͨУӦ֪أ鷢˱Ĳƣϼ ȥ캺һ̲· 
ӳжϣԩôˣƫƫʬڣѪδܷ© عı常̫ɽعʱзһƪĸ壬 Сɽ֪ð⣬ععܡʹǣﶨİ ʡܶ׼ˣ᲻֤ĵ÷ֻѻ˵ ѵ˼īȫʹޣ׼ٰףعɷʱһƽ ʱõƤϣа߰Ѫæ̫塣̫ӻˣ׼ һͷж֢״дóģæϵ򶼲Ժԩһ¿ƽ ʿ֪رǺɲһԩˣԺչ涨ʵʡڶ ޷£ţɾ׷飬ʥּɽѲڣ ϰعʬ˽ʡ顣ͬʱ;󳼻̲ͬɽ֪캺 й֤Ѷ 
ʵҵǻضɽɾͲ һһˣ֤ȷ£ԩȥŪһ Ծ˴취 
ع󱨻ڡðʵΪӦΪͼ֪Σ ¡ذᣬơʫʮϡʯĹǰΪûãΪ Ҹӹ̣Ҳˡˡ 
ɽ֪캺ûҲնҲ磻֪ͬã ʾ 캺ġү飬żնȥ˵棻عõλ öү顢顢ȫٴ̵صͷعǰ Ҫժ¼йߺޡѲ£д˵Ⱦްȫ޾족 ʵӣżְܶأڵ˵СͿ !οг?Ҳżְ³ľЧ 
ӦƱáоаʾ׼١ҳʫ󼸾䣬 ¹裬֡סٳϴûһʫһ Ϊ?   
ԹԭԱ檥(1)   
峯ʮ(1844)죬ľسһ׮ ˽ۣ ͵ʡ׼ʱѲСԱ֮Ƶ䣬Ͱʹѫڸ ʱбףί֪ϣ󣬹Ȼ˲©˸ ˮʯ¶˰ںּľְ֪䡢ѫ ϣԡѶ꣬Ӷ (½ԪNB053®ʶ)һһݺ ϰմ˾ŴҲ ˾٣ҲԮֲɣ Ǿûʸˡ˵ع ԱҪԡ¡޳ʮ¡ǡɼ ʣԹNB054Ԫڡʮ ϲϵҿ̣ ׷ڦص˰Ʒȡƣ磬 ͼǰȫ˾𣬿֪ϰ ϣŵҪҲŵı񼡣ǰƶ Ƕײ 컨壬ƫôͷ˾Ƹõʦүʵձ  硶ʷŷ޴д̾ˣݼأŷ ޱ֪ʱǲ ŵľɰۿֱ֡Դʤ 쳤̾ԻԶСأˣ¹̿ ֪λľ֪أֻ˵żĵùˡ 
žģֱԴʤη?ǲ ˵šʮ 
ȴӡڦ˵𡣷뼯ġЦУһΪʳĸĹ¡  
 
˰һٵΣһ״ϲԻˡæбʣ Ҿ״ߡԻ๫ԩ 棬๫Ⱦ?Ի 㲻֪״ģҵʳĸ β? 
 
Цʵ࣬˵ͳ߶ϰշġʥ͡У ϢϣҲѧ࣬ӹｲϣ״ԽԽá˸ ״ˣǮ˵ͬ弾Ĺ涨Ĺ˾Ǯһǡ״ ѡ״Ҫġٶ״񡱣ÿֽշ60ģдɽţ ͬʱ800ģԺ粻жϼſظĻüӱ浽һ16 00ģ浽ʡ2000ġ涨ʽ״ѷֳ룬400̷۵ȹϷ 400Ͻһšڶ󰸷ѣÿշ10000ģɰ߳е ƽԳеһ롣漰ծƲȰǾ͵ó ǰ漰еǮֵȡٷ֮漰绯ΰһİ зĿ֮øЩˮһ󰸷ѣһ뽻ϼ šӷѣ״ֽҪɲȥ 棬ۣԭ汻ÿ300 ϴѣ·10ϵģÿ10ӷ 100ġʱҪܵ˷(ɷ) ۹ס㣬ðո80Ŀʳѣȵȡ 뿴ǣЩշȫĹ涨ģ ġª桱ͻ¸ȫ棬Ҳ޷ 籾нܹģࡱۣ 硰ЬǮʳǮǮǮ һ㡣ҲΪЩ ǮġϢǮġˡ лӭ˾̬⹴ᡢ ϡ˾ȸɫڦı׶ˣȫԵ ǮֶйԴҲ ʶģʱʵй°ʱ ޶լծ񡢻״ʣһũ ʮ³һǰᣬ ֮ȫũæʱ˾һ ũʱָ˿ӣռ˲ ҵŮʱר״Ӹɡ ʱ֡ޡƶȸĽˣɶڡŸ桱 ÿ¶м涨ϵڣ °ʱߡƶ һ棬ǡڦӷˡ 
׷֮϶°죬бмҳˣ пʬףм֤ңͨͨһһˮ䰴 д³Ͻȭ󣬼æߡӵܸЩʲô?³ķץ  ᱻץ֣ҵС˵ȣҲһмڡ֮࣬ǰ нܣﲻ٪NB024¡һʬʱξ ̷ȥֳ飬ʱ֪شԳдʬ(ʬ浥) ʬ д󣬻Ҫָ·ͬʽᡱ⡰¡ʬס(ס ɷ)ھ ֤ȣȻȫѺţͶѺ෿СϵһҲ ܼ෿ӡһ࣬ƴĥѺߣЩ˵ļ ͵øϿǮ跨үʦүүүϵ䡢̷ȸؿڴ㣬 ȡȡ󡱡ܹЩˣǼ֤ھ֮࣬ʣЩˣ еǻҪܣǴѶѶ¸һµȥ ˴ܬ¼أʱиŮʱУ ʱѱһ棬ڡ ˡʱʷԪһνҷ¿ɿŰ참ͨ أϤ޴СϤԻ׷δʣԹδԲ ʣδУΪ٣ΪΩ١ ĹУҿ̡֮ϲ֮֮ȻȻ ̲һԱ֮ǡǮĪԩϷС˵ϸ ü࣬ˡ   
ԹԭԱ檥(2)   
оλõ⣬ֵһ˵ġϷС ˵֮еóӡƺܹƷõ£ʵȻƶȣ ֪ظҪΣҲȫԸݲͬϰʻس̶ȣίNB032 ȥ ߰ۺʱ˾ʱ˾⣬ҲָҪԭĳةĳξ 硶Уһƪϼܲĳѵʡ 
 
֪ز£Ա˾Ϊ֮ءϵˣȫʵʵ һϵͣϯ֮ˣв֪֮ߡ˱ˣȫʵ֦ һ߽⣬۶ǰɼԭ˹Ѻίة񣬽Ҫ һʵ޸ɰ˼ҡ֪÷ţʮ˾Υ׷  
 
Ȼλԭ֪ذ˼ӣǣ˿ץһˣϱ˾ 𣬲زָة󣬻֪زøšة֪صĵһ֣ξй Σ󰸼Ӧ˵˳µġ⣬ܲ顢˰Ҳ  󰸼һϡ顷ϼһ£ʮֳν ʱԪٹNB055öת  оһҳٹNB055()伮 ңл ?ϡȻNB032󰸣ȫίлϼָ  ǵϴʣ̷зȻүǩѺתǾΥ ˡ   
ѧ캱̪(1)   
һ£ʱӵѧǵסһ죬 Ӵ⼸ѧȥŽǣҸ֮ԭλĸ κ󣬻ץֽϰնҸˡ׷ݸЦԻ ţ?˼ôһСطô˴?Ϸʦʦ˵ ѧˣСѧʹ׷һΪˣתѧ ˵Ǽˣúܶ!ҸղŵĻֻǿЦˡ 
ԼĹصļ¼ˡ֮󣬶 ͳõ˼̳ҲΪŵҪְ֮һ?  ǼףȽʵһģѧԪ˵ѧУǷ绯֮ԭӦóе Ϸڹ㶫ʷְЭ֪طֹΰ绯Щ¡ ׺¶֪壬ΥΰµȻ١λĵͤ߾ʹӸ ֣سϰһԺ12ңȥԺΡ ־أʷʱ᲻ݡץЧˡ 
ƶȣعѧнڡһѧٸ 𣬵Ҳʱʱĵְ𣬿ƾٳ үǣӦóȥѧУ۾顣 ⣬ڳĿѧҲõճ ЩǮүǣͰЩίи ʦүǴ͡ʱĿƾٹأԡԡԺԡԡ Ժ͵Ժüȼ֪ٺ ٣仰ţү֦ ֳҴԻһȤ£˵ĳ ֪ã ̷ù٣ʸ ˵ʫЩһ ͨġƫƫԵڵˣȻǴ֪أ ҲֻøѼϼˣڻĻ һ˹ĵĿСաͯ Уи顱(ָд״ֽ) ʱˡ仰뱾Сëд˺ ѱ棬ɡҪװģ ԾĶΩһθڣ ױϸǳλһ˿ߣ ֻβ١ޱʡ֡Ϊ򡶺 աڿʬ֪ʶأǵʦүǴΪЦ̸Ҳй氮ֳЦ ͤʼǡϪNB056Ԫ֪ʱעض˲ŵİߪĳʡѧٰ  ԣиͯð(ð䱾ؼ)ȥ˼ٳϪNB056 ʶðߣ ȥѧǶ˵飬ѧ£ߺ˳ǸԼ ûˮƽְʱ˵ļߣʱðɣȥ־ᡣ̫үܣ Ц?ϱЩүСһǰӲƽ̧ˡ 
̵һҪ캱ڸʿТȡطϳ˸׵Т ֽعѸµĽڸΪʿعԱӦʱϼ걨 ģҪһֱ걨͢ķʽҲǶֶعοʣ 뵽︰磬ĹͻؼΪǰһƷ ܲТĸ̳ȡ캱˻м۵ŻݴƷ󣬻 ˡٱԵ˷ڳ˸عѵĸŮΪȡŪ һƷþֶβļޡƷȡξĸ֮޴¶ ͳơ䣬инˣĸвҩ֮ Ը˵ʹĸײԸɱ롣ĸײˣһ ɱǡТأǶУųԲ׼ʡҲԲ׼һֱ 룬̫Ԫ֮ŭǡף֪ɱӣ! ּһȣ亣ϡӴˣ˸ײ캱¹涨 ( ʼš5)һʮʷТ崫ŮȲ飬ⶼ á ţĳɹ   
ѧ캱̪(2)   
Ҫץ˺¡ƹ㣬ҲҪץ˻¡ְͣ ĸã˽ƣ򷸷˳֮ף˹֮ (1)Щ¶ҪԴ壬ڹ £֮ ĻҪŰ񹫲Զʱиͤͤƶȣ ݡؼͤʹܽ⣬ϰ ʵ۵ġʥ͡͡ھȣҲŵйڱһ ܹī   
üëһץ(1)   
ɴ򻢵Ĺ£й˵Ǽɽһŵ ģȴ̫Ϊע⣬ע⵽ˣ಻˷롣Ÿӡŵĸʾ 涨й˵ȣȡ硢δʱԣʱּˣ ԣֱ˺ɽ·ʱʽҲùֳ ĸ١ġɫҲйŴһɫٴʽϽ  ͵Ľײ㡢κʵȫöŵ㣬ܵԭʼְ͹ աгҪܡĳ֣ᾭúֹչıȻаʲô ط̸裬ⶼҪ룬Ҫе ˺󷢸ƾ֤šеĵصڣ඼ָ顤 ʹһ䡰Ӿٳᱡꡢӡм̷񡱣ָ֣ûȡ ŷҵִռָص㾭Ӫ̷ɼЩƶʱѾ걸ˡȻ 󣬶ӡߵȶҪʱ飻衰ƽӡģʱ ó֮ӳߣСһԵΪ顣ξʮ֪꣬ض׼  ó֮ˣдСͰ(ξ־1)ƽҲ ܣ 漰гǷȶóǷҲ͹ϵͳǷ񹮹̡侼 šرκڣڿ⸮ʱڹʮǰߡĳ ʦȥгۣгϳ۵ҲһȻۣһöֵǮٿмۣ һöҪʮǮǰѱ˽ʣ˵ԶǾ䣬 ۣϮˣĳΥڶʹҲóóı˵˱ 湤֮ѣöֹǮаǮжǮ֮Ϣ񽫳ֹǮն ŸʾһȥȫǮһöҲû˸ұСԺ󣬡۲ΰҪܡΰĺ壬Īڷ𡣾ͷԣפ⣬ؼ綼 о̡ѲһãѲҹһеۣһоӦ˶ι壬ԡַ ֪ءڡ׫סںݼϰڼ䣬ҲҪμҹѲߣ ÿҹȣнֵ ƶҲڷʩϣʱƽءڸ٣Ϊ̣ÿ ͷˣͳܼ֮ף壬طԶΪɱףÿƼ ˡطԡ򣬱ر꺮Һ󣬶ޡ֮ (Ӽǡ)ϲμǡдϲסõ꣬ҹ ˽ԡ֪ ٱ𡱡ȻҼ䣬֪شүŽӸˡ 
̹԰ռǡ˽֪Դ˵ѹ¡һ׻ Ϊڣֵĸ࣬׳£˾÷δȻ̳ ŸнֳۣǩCDٰ֮࣬׷̨ ˵⡣˷֮¡˶֮ άĵ żϵġªҪܡķ˽潡ɱţЩΥϰų ˳ʾ⣬ȥ׽áЩаѽһ˵͸Щ ĵعåйᣬǰ潰ߡʱϵ(ʷ) רȡЩ ġ¾ھ졣ǰιġסۡر мԳ´˱񡣷ط潻ļң ª桱һ顢ŮЩҲªף Ž֮С϶ۻ٣϶ǻĵ޻ĻȡϷɺĻ ףҪҸʱ峯ڣšѻƬЩҲª ףŶȰΡĴ¤ һ(1581)ʱĹٸʯ̸ʾơлӦһʮ ϣ ӭȢΥ߸ĸϺš(Ĵձ198336)ƣǻ ˼ת ҲªУҪŹЩˡ⣬ſС ӴʡֶϷȣҲªףнϡ   
üëһץ(2)   
೮ϣһԲν峯ʱ֣ԣڹ鰲֪أ˳ơ֣ ĳգڳи˵θ״֣ԣɺȳΪڳ ()Ӧùųʿأ!̹ʦ ڿ ¹ٹ°գ֮Ҳ!֣ԣΪֱڱǰУ Ѿ֪ҲǾġй೯ƶȣһ֪ؼ ĹأҲнع»򰸼ؾĹء硶ʮᡷṩ һظĹ£ʷϱȱȽǡʮᡷıۣ ݡԨອ¼أʱﵱ֪أƽط һ׮ǿɱ˵ֻǮ֪أ˾ǰԭ֪س ʮӭĶŵ㣻˸źһŻ߽ļ ʹ⣬Σ乼˴ƿ족Ȼϰռöģǡʮᡷ ֹٹ໤ĳ棬˱Сѻһڣһ̰ľ̸֮ܽ ೮λ˺ġ¹ٹ¡֮ͨ Щ»ʷʵʵ     
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̫ƽף˳ƾִܣ޳ ɡ뵱ֻԾ糾ƫʵԽĸоγãϸ  
 
ʲô?峯ʱһõүжӡɢƱ дһλ˵ȫɢеĵһ֧λˡ žһ̨Һ㷽ҵǳ޷еغκ´ Ԫ壬еϵӳ̨꣬ϵľϷݲ˵Ҳǰ ڵ֮߳ʶʱˮ֪صķΩ䡶 ɽôʸ塷Ҳһױ̨ɢһɶ޷롢 ƷΪڡԡǹŽżͨеϷģϸ   
ǧﵱֻΪƪ(1)   
ϻü׷׵ĻѳˡҪӭµ ͬţǴͷ߶ǴǵΣšӡֵӺãֹྺ еġԼˡһº󣬸֪һүεǰϸ· ɡԼˡף¼䣬λְƶ䶨ˣˮֳ֮ɱҲ˵ ˴ţȻһȥŽӡرƶ޶Ǹɽ·Զĳ;ǧ ﵱֻΪơѡֹྺ١զ?ϱʱиĵ ٣ȺȵãȻƣںδ٣δǡľ ˮɽ¹׹ȾΪ˶˸ľ̫ءڻ λľүǰѡǧﵱֻΪơв͸ˡɹͨүNB032ʲôְŪʲô ǮƣʲôĿʲôţǰѽܹ࣬滹ٲ˵߽ľ ԵʱŷΪļҪŪǮһ¡ܼҲơܼϰսʳʱٸø Ҫжɼ⣬Ȼ ֶýϼšĹ˵ֲ õģɨȥʵһɹٸ°ְߵ͡ϵ˽ˡСôߣĹ㣬һݡס롰աıÿʯҪ ռ֮ࡣΪٲɻ䲼׼ס롰 ߣжԲߣ߸ھʱϼӼ⡱ ۡʹ⡰ܼǡȡ֮ڡȫ顤Ǯȡ ªסУҲСѣߡһ˵ɼ׺δʧɫʱƷ൱̶ȵķչϰսɸָ˰ʱ ٸҲ ȫչ涨չ˿顢޻ʵǸӡ˵۶ʱл ʧҲֲ취֮ɡÿһضһǮ ͬʱֿԽ˵ӳɫãôۿԻɫϰͭǮ˰ ԰Ǯѹͣм2000ǮһӵĻ22002400ĺһ ˡЩಿֵȥȫͽһưļµһｲȰѻĵأѱ ĳɼ ʵϻδһĶӳ︳̯ϣùҽѻĵŻ ֡ 
Ƶı壬ǹŴٸ̶֮ȣΪɵȼٰصȼ涨˰ Ϊ򡱡ԭΪĵΪֹΪؼ ͽСơƼҲȡɷ˽Ĺü 
֪ʱǷϰմ ǵĵƣΪ⽫ȫԱʵ룬Ϸԡ಻Ѷ ֮Ұο⼸Сª桱Ʋˣ١ҲƲˣ˵ ʵǰҲú¡峯ӺʱɽѲŵ͢飬Щۡȫ ʡ⣬ȵֲգʣµķָȫʡԱһϿɡª桱ȫʡ ֮㡰ƽİ취ҪۣܾǶطٴ⡰ª桱ȳ һɵǰȫҿʱ֮˼ˣ˵ УȻԭеġ֮ۡ⣬ӳµġۡ˲֪飬 ֪ⷨвͨô㵱ʱҲ̰۪NB024 ?˼̹Ȼ̰ۣҪһС¡ö˶һѺ ֪Ҳûŵẵİ취ƹ㵽ȫŶҪѡۡ ⽻ʡ⣬ʡءȱ֡𣬷СԱǷΪϷ 롣ٽ˼ԤԵͳˡۡʡͳһ䣬ү װˣɻôۡʦүǣۿŹﵴѽ?ϸ˵ µġ ֳˡʱоС֪()ʮѩ ʵ΢ ţһ֪ã±ý⼸ª⣬κζ ܻ¸һ˵ҲнӽˣȥТ˾ġھ ֧̿⣬һ꾻һûģˡ֪ع һҪܸعٵТʮѩҲͲ֮ˡ˼ ˺󣬵Ӽ̹ٺ͵طѧ٣ֱַڱ񲿺Ͼ̲꾩 һֱڽпࣻίɵҦ֪ϣ̰¸ƾ⼸ª桢ϸ һκݣӴٲΪʳסۺĲƲҪ ǮӣӲָһֶļ̳ˡ   
ǧﵱֻΪƪ(2)   
һΡ֪鷳»С֪ءNB032 ְ㡱ĻȻҲνȹ㡣ߵ֪ǧﵱֻΪơɴ ñЩϻԷ֮ˡ   
˺٪(1)   
ϲǨݺĹУֻΪ ʲݣûκδװʡܡŷСңֻʱøͷԣ ʱŵøɢ 
 
عԱͰǰүүͷϻүǾǸ𡢵 ʡ˾ˡ̺˾ףʧͷĽ㡰ʡû׼һ ȥͻزˣ˱⡰ʱŵøɢġβܱסⶥɴñ? ǡ˺١ 
ˡĶ?ƾٳĹԱٵʸٵ ɻ鼶ͽпɽ;ߣѡ󣬸Ͽ챸ݺ де·˼ˣҲʦϵЩ ʡ𱨵ʱﶼһ⡰顱Ǵѧʿ顢ǰ ʡүյġš 顱ǡһԡģԺסôĻҪͽĹ ־˵ɸӱɱǨ㸣㶫طٸ ֪ҪôཨԣĺӦ䣬 ׼ݿ ӦֹͣˣʹԾһ¶ǵģУһȨ Ҫһ¡ʱعԱλ΢ˣֱĻᣬ ðѲֺ࣬óдеİ취һɫСС ̿ڽСھٽСǡר˸͵ϡǷگԽ 󣬹ٳСΪ֮ꡱϻϰͷ ǫЩš䳯ȥǲģǰѽҲο 
׹Ȩִ⣬ԮĻСͬͬꡢͬͬšĿ Ƚϼеģʷ̨ȲţǰеطԱȨм쵯 ֮ⶼӦյӢʱʷʱ£ؼңԫ ة֮ԵᣬЮȡŮӡΪ檣ҷȫԭ ʱϼʱĿ̫һЩ ûбӱовţô࣬Сײԩ߸ ѩ˵׾ຼ֪رһͬĹϵסˡγʱ й٣ƣ˺ˮһ֪չЩ֪Ǹ̰ ٣治ӣǡˮԼ˸Ϊٿ̲ʤεĿ ˡʱССֻҪѳȨĴˣʵ಻ùֺ¡ƴ ʱִָ·ة°£ֻġȥڣ º˵˲Ǻöòšָһ죬ְΪ ξǾأһʵˡ 
ϸԭйٳϵϰ಻ͷĹԱ ϾֻҪ֪оɽмӣǾͽСɮ濴桱 ֮ܽͨ죬֮ɻڴ峯ʱи˽飬Ǯһ ְѡ꣬ƾŰʲŰһι㶫ĳصѲʵȱ峯ƶ ְҪ⡰л㵽ͽģûȥʵеġλ Ѳүͦ棬ȱĴ峿컹û ͻϳţߵ񡣵ʱ꣬дߵݣ˿ Ҳǡǡɣλү볯ֵ࣬ߴǰ龰֣и ȥʲôˣڸʲô?ʹתʣѡ㶫ĳĳ˾ߵл үˣ﷢Ц빬˳ǡݼܶ ղһĻ澰˵ĳĳ˾ѲĳŽ̫ࡰ ˣүæҴڡλܶѱݼˣҲ͸Ÿȥֻү λѲ죬˸˼δãȻܶԯμˣϹأ ְδֻҪһֱȥܶһǾ޿ܵġƫƫܶԯ үͽ˵ĶһĳϿͨܶʡĳү ?ҳʱˡֻԴ£ٺǣ ˡԺδһ꣬ܶص˸˰Ĳʹ˲ٲơ ȶ½ʡȥμܶܶ˵ְ̫С޷㣬پװɡ ǿͷǣپ֪غ򲹡㶫Ѳͷ˾ֻܶţ ʵȱ˺󣬷кùȱռ⣬䣬Ȼ˾һ 峯ƶȣطԱƷϣǰýҲ⣬ ܶżȥүˡү˶ǰǰһĻ мĳĵҺ񣬲žųѼԱƣֵܶ ֻŪסĳ˶׻׻ڶ죬үֵǡ㶫ĳԱȱ ʵү˭ȥ?үһʱˣ˳ˮܶ 顣һѡĵԱϲȱ峯Ҳϡ¡Ϊ峯٣ ɾ赽ԱһǮ˶װ棬һʱС()ţë֮ ˵ܷʵ ȱûܶ¹ۿδã͵ػع㶫Σܲ ȷʵүĺ?Ӵүܶˣܶүˣǿ ˺١   
˺٪(2)   
Ȼٳо׻ֹٲֹܡֵΪ֣ ҲΪСáNB032÷иʡְֵð úNB032ǰʡҪҶ֮࣬Ե˶ һһġТγɶһ¡Ĺ ǽ֪عճʾ£ͷҲù 񣬷ǵķҲ˲ΡٳμǡһءǮ ʷͬ˵Ȥλϵ䡱Ծ˵һ֮ڣһգһ գǿ̰Ҫģ̫үգ̫̫գүףޣ һкüءԾ˲署ϲû֣ô ?Ǯʷԭδ;Ҳѹ㲻֪ʷģȫ  աϲ£ŪǮһһطӣһ飬صķ ӣһϼٵͨкǧ󴦲С㡣Ҫ˵ŶӡŮ ûУȸĸٵʱ򣬶ȥꣻͷ˵ԭ ˼ҸʽˡЩǮϵģҲǲϵģֻҪ ΪȴһѾ 
ⷬ԰ףֿԵոʾƪ   
ǹﶷ(1)   
ӡǮСŪȨϵ Īʹ ͷ˵ʱ䡣ŤΪֱұᣬԶȫɽֹӣ ָƶ 
 
߻ʵԶСүࡣүһ࣬º˲ﶷľ۱ӳˡ 
ģȨ㹻һĥķΧӹϿŵ ΣжʵԶ¡˾ĳˣʱһ Эԭеһֲȥλ̫үˣͬİ취Ҳʩ֮ NB032ְϣɫŵүһš˹֪ʱ д 顷רŽ¶ȱ׶ˣ粶֮£ɵʷܵģ˹ػʲô ɹģ˹ʲôة ЩĽΣӦóٺ»ӰЧܡʵ֪ ǡͳͳûһƽ֪ǿġӢ ͳʮ(1449)ܳѲʱﶼ˺öNB032 ɽة ֮ġи͢񣬵ѲɽӲʱصԤйǽʫ һףɽкιһǿ?Ѳ๫Ͼ˼?(  1)ϰ̫ү֪үһ࣬͡ԼˡҲ ҪӦ ˡ׷ںųγ൱أɽһأ 1350ˣġдСب˾ СӡҰӵɫС١ﻢȡ(ھھɽΪ )һӣҪɧţϰվͲˡ 
պԶû ͢ڵģ˾ָɵģƾų ģãָһ ǳ滹ܲ?顤׿ï׿ ïһαԱìܣ ̫سûּһλ()׿ï Ϊӣֳָ߲ʲô ΡעۼǡԻ(׿)ïӣ ֮˲ԱǾǷ λүʾҲû׼Ҳ⡣ һڱµĽУù һƪʱӱĳ֪ءã »¡֪ͨλ֪ƫƫ֪ ֮ķӡȡأǾͺͶʱ׿ ïһмϷҪˡ 
ﶷֲֹڡϴ࣬Ҫ ʱΪǣֳɡһɽݶ ľ棺ʱúNB032 ʿƷ׶ְ֮࣬ ֣ìˡɽ˵ƴʱ ǿƣڻλõһѽ Ȩѹܲˣ̾һͨɷ ֮־λ֮£ʹ̧ ͷãһ𣬶¹ܳšҲ ʷ˵˾еں ֪عϵúܽ˾Ϊȥ Ҳ˾߹ȥһ ̫ү徾תúԼ˵ λ̫үҲͷˡ 
֮ǣҪһЩ ֪صᣬдʮһƪ֪ ءةʷ̹١١ҽٵÿһ ְҪ׳ֵëһ ˡ¡ةҪǣ ֪صĵ֣ɶ϶У Թ̬ۡȱ֮ڡةڼǡ дǻöࡣ֪غة ?ٲ˳ܣ硶Ԩອ ԷǣΪة ˾ֶ˵һ Լɫر졣Աǿֻһ ˵ٳơꡱ޸硱˲ Ҳ֮ӻУƼ߹ ٳٹ¼ν̳͵ʷлӣʷ ļĻѹϵȥ֪ 졣ʷжǽʱ ʷȦӽ𲻱㣬Ϳǽȥĳǡ Ϊ֪ײӲ˵ʷݷߣشһ٣ գʷ߶ãԷ߱ƽԸ Ͽء壬(ѧ)ͣٽΪ ʷ˷ѣʷӿ׷֮飬 ֮ϡ   
ǹﶷ(2)   
ΪȨﶷȻռߡ еġ¡ǣȨҲ һ ڣȱȽǣ һĳξ֪ءةܴʣ̢ ֿ֯˾á˾ѭ˵ؾ㲻ãͳɷӡһ ĳ㹱壬һ֮Ȩ֪Ϊ֮֡һĳة ȡƣ֮ǮƫƫǼλүҲɶûɫ˾ ͨѡίڹ֮㶢ңҵҲͺһۼƵģʱ ֮䣬жݺͶɵġ̹԰ռǡУһȽ˷壬νͬΰ (1869)֮ɳһ֦Ӫ潶ģ١Ļ֮ͣ ʢȻ ˱֮䣬ٲ˻ǵԴסʮ죬֦һС澻Σٹ ֮⣬˷ֺ󣬴񣬱򱧲ƽĳɫ弶 ֦Ť͵ɳţɳ֪ү֦ãο֦ ߳ΪáڣӣһЮ֦֪ص һλүлɳˣžְ֣άΰüݴ⣬ ֦ž֣𱳶ʮϺһաүп˵ҸڽžеĲץ ݴһ١ү𣬸ֽ֦Ѻθǣܷʢ ޶ʮֵóɳΪЦ̸ Ѳ֪󣬽λүһְλ˰˺޵֦ɳ⵹ һΪĿ¡ 
壬ﶷһͻ󣬾ǹΪС ŪȨϵ桱顤νɱһܻ¸ Աͬྯ棺һʱ¾?ʷǳڬ֪ʱ  ̰Ա塰չ޷칫֮͢ȻڬóҢ˵ ()ڬüƣ˭Ҹ?һʷѭд ϣ үʷʵʱϣβ֪أм䣬ϣе;ʦ ֤ϣ£˼ξ֪ʱӡߡץס ȻȫŵԱȣŵԱضֱ ¡(1568)˸˫ȫŴ֪أŰȫ  
ȻҲȨаҪ̰ĳɷҲ һЩġһѽΣйѲڡаĽ ҪӶ࣬Թٹҹڶԭ֮һˡ   
ǿѹͷߪ(1)   
׿ɲ龣ţ˴Ы⼷һ飬 ŲüѿһȦ¶һƺ«Ժˤתضʱɰܣ ϶˥طԩҵΪ˻̥ô?  
 
¥ΡĶߣӦǵáٷ£Ӧ츮һСӿ ġۡطٵģһ˽дǱʡȨƼ  ĴգʡȻ֪һʱ˼ңپֻҲ !Խٷ⣬йٳй˽⾭ΪΪھ ҡصؾ 
ν𡢾ңǸɷݼӵĹɣ׹ݡ׹¼ ¼ǿ˼ǡְ˵ȸԵʷԭĹԱ԰ ֹϵʡ⽮͢൱еϵֱͨʹ ͢ġŵƷƷƷٶǣƽոǰүЩ Ƥۿۣƨֵԥ硶Ʒ֥١ھˡӷ  ˸ʣССƷƳɶʣڹϵ˪NC025һƣȷ ʵдա׹ݵƹҲۣһһ ;ʵνңҲص¶԰ż¼ǣʱ ʱӢƽ֪أֵظ۲Ϊ񲡣ΪΣ˸ƻȥ ̨ʾ֪ҲҺ?صľ̸֮ˡּ沢 Ķֽת޵СͷϣǾ֮һԹ ˴δССһʱӢŤת?ȻӲͷƤġ١ҲûУ 纣ڽ֡һ£ʷϾʮʱӦѲ⽮ ҲǺϻǱˡչ١һĻЩƷ ΢عǣȻѵǵȵˡعԱԡ Ȧסƺ«֮ıʽܶࡣģͨھŴ ϽԱͨŮ½׼ң硶¥ΡǸСӶԼ ԣļҽףһһپ١ȲһЩһݵ Ͼͼ衣ʱֱӲ֮ʱػսָʹʷ Ƶȳ棬조ۡ纣İչ٣Ǳ֡ۡġص ˾ʩѹҲһֳõַЩڴȨĹԱ⵽ ߡʱѧȷɽ֪أв浱٣ڼΪ ѧΡ˾֪Ⱥܺ£ǣæѲ ߡЩԵʽְڼһסصĹԱǣ׵һ ɽʱкùԡȽʱ㣬̨Υҹеΰ ξһҹٹ㸴ְ󣬿˷ָԱЧ ξҲȥþҸڰɱˡȷ׹Ȩһ࣬صֶ һЩɴͰ㡰ˣ׷綫ʱ󽫾ִ һгʺˡʼҵȹϵᣬѬ졣 һЩű(Ļѡ֮)޷죬Ͱ ´ ȥʱһƾ˭ҿһ?ٸɴһЩģʱѫ ڸƾȨƣ˶̰ɣŹСʱаķݣ ɶº󱨸? 
ҲѹأһҪѳأȨ棬ձ ɳŽŵ㣬ֱҪʶ׷ ׵֪ʱֵо磬ǿʮѳصѴ֮룬 ¡ܸΩѭһһ㸴󣬵һ¾ǵ ֪ءˣعٵĶ˽ѵȹӡҪͷҲգ Ҫ˵ʱְؼҵĴǵﲻ𣬾ھб쵽طܵˣҲ 棬һֶɽˡ̬һŴʷϣ֥ ȥļ¼ʤ硶ЦЦ¼Ϻ־ǣʱϺ˲ ڲţרΪ¡ʱھʷҦͨغͶ꣬Ϻˡү ʱҦżǰ½ӲУʾ𾴡ϰ⼸˵г ׸裺()Ϊ()ȫҡ(Ҧ) ˮ𣬶()Ҳٲá ʵϣЧҲ治١໰ϼأĩʱ оӣʱԪ֪ȥݷ˵𡰴ݴֿɾӣΪ࣬ εһڶ죬컹ûһǰˡԭԪ һѧԣת˸γ꣬ˣʱѾ70 涨ðˣϼȥ10꣬γɳ֪ݣһ ﻻĺô   
ǿѹͷߪ(2)   
Ȼž̾طѳأϾᾭͬ͢ҵĸ淢ͻ һЩгԶĿľִǣҲעⷽķʱ ̸ԭعβã볯͢ߣԼȵ ʦ·˾ӦѲʱֹعԱͨ ŰݼԱͶŵģŷҪϸǼǣ̸ݼ¼Ҫժ¼ õǼǡǼʵȵǼԺִܸߣ֪˶Ҫϳ͡ һ೯ͨеİ취Щ׹ݡѫȨ¼رеĵطרѡ ֶ¹ҵĹԱȥأνԻǿٸ (ξ)֮࣬ڹʷϣͳѭ˵ı £áѸײڶ 綫ʱĽūɱˣ ۡѲ֣˺š ĳչżūţñϴȥ Ͱūˡʱȥڵ ط٣һԱΣԤںͨ ׼50ƥȻ󶵲ǿﰸ ͨ50ƥѸٴϴı زʱ䡣Щץ˻ Ԯ͵ھıˡ 㶼ԴȻϿϻ ߣվкýԹۡʷǡд³ҡȷǣ ǿѹͷߡϻ?   
Ī(1)   
Ͼߡ˽ţᣬɺʪ٣д֪ ͹ѣ硣ԳӣۼҶ𳳡ǮѽɣªǮҪǸ NB057NB061 
 
ڳɻ(1471)α һΣоءطǳе һƬɳޣ׳ɳ¡δ ֳ£뱱һƬɽáӱɳ һξ֪չ;ǰڽϽ̹顣û̫үĽȣ еѧˣүͽļһʫȡ̫үпӭ ڹīŪʣд߾һʫϣԭ˻ʫƣ 
 
ɳ¿ǹϡ 
ｭӵܣĪ 
 
˼ףŸտţˮǧ! 
ǹٳϷĴͳĿ֮һ׷䱾ԭӡᡱ֮гת ᡱ˼Ǵӷ֣˵˱ǷַʣָֽطԱ ȡһӶࡣ˵Щĸٵү˾¸ͣȡ 񣬳֮⣬˭Ҵϰë?!Сˡ͡ο͡Ҫǵ ӲһٳоϻˣĪˣͣĪο͡ר˵ ¡ 
ˡķΧܹ㣬絳󡢹ʦѧͬɽѣ ǧţο͡ƷӣίԱϿ µھӣ·ʿʧҵĻѣ˵ѹүһ֮ԵҲ· Ľſһĸ򣬴署ַš黭 Ϊý飬һŰһݡʫһ׾̡ġ񵥡Ԫͤ Уϰжμ 
 
һ;۲عšʿ𡢼ٹӡ Ϊźطٸʱƹ̵ öֲõǼοһŰͷţ һ㺦¡һʫȣ˴ưͶͷۣкǵġ  
 
ʵ ģмٵģ⡰ٹӡһ˵ǡ㽭֪ ʱ㽭ܶĶӳܶӵȥش磬һײ ˣ𽫼ƾͼƣӲ˵ǡٹӡԴȥݽѵ· õһǧȫûˡ֥٣ٳ޼ ѱ£ϾԵΪ׵Щǹε 
νкǡǴҪүƷѵʵˣٵûǮ ܰߡǮڹٳϽС³̡򡰳Ǫ̽𡱵Ŀүզϡ ͷ ָ֮ġкǡ?ԭࣺܶǡˡȱ˵Եͬꡢʦ ݵȴѹ㣬ȥ¶Ҷ̡˵ʮӶʮ ˵պĹǰ̻ͷƵ֮䣬һЯӼõĺ 塣𭼯ϣһͬȤ۶ٰի쳯ˣ һԢ¶顣ȼڣţ١Ϻȥ򽭴 磬̲ò򲡴ǹٻ磬ٺֶˣֱ˻Ͷ Ϻгͷȥ硣ʫС ױ׫պɽɮֱ֡ծˡ 
ں޹οͣҲôӳԶۡٳоϻˡǧ֮Ϊ ǧ֮硱عֻа磬ȷЩǮˡȻͷҲƦ һ࣬áеǡְõȥʶߵĺ 죬Ūͷ֡Ҳһ·νȥɱ ĸĻͣһµҲԲ˶ߡ¼һ £˱족   
Ī(2)   
 
йߴ֮ƣոжȺ Զ㡣ҹлˡڵ֮ԻǹɽЩ˾Ҫȥ Ц֮ 
 
Ǵ߽衰ɽ˫ҲǴˣǼһ ᵽŷ磬˵ݻݻطˡ 
𡰹ɽļײ̫ꡱǿɾͲǡЩ˾Ҫȥס ҪүʾɵݣڵҡײƭһѸݵǮ һʫȣСͷŪթ³ƵĻرڵǣҲ òүϣͽСʱмˮİӣǾ͸ ֿˣӣͨؽڣڳԺڣλӡ·ʹ˵ϡ Ҳ飬·ô˾Ӽ侭֣ǮϴɾˡҰࡷ ¶ż硱͡ײ̫ꡱԳƣʵַغʱ ˡʷǡ汾͡˶üǵãڡײ̫ꡱ յŮġʱԶӵͶˡϱ˳ͷΪ֮ ٰһĴᣬųƾٺءصĸ Աǣ̫үϣƲơ ƶı׼ǧǮߣֻ ¡ǻĺ棬ֻͤٲҲ ӲͷƤᣬƭ˵Ǯ򡱣Ȼڿ ܵſӭѱŮ޸ ˾Ǩıʷá룬󾪣 ӭ֮šʮ֣˼ʼ Ȼײ̫ꡱ̶ǮϺＱתۣ ľֵؿ̻˳ 
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һƣ֪ǹٳϷѹˣһΣ˾͵ð · ͨ˾ʷɼεģҲҪ롣Ω ͡Ρ֮ʣм־ҪǹŽعԱ㲻˵ġΰ೮ ˵ĳü֪ݣӡأ˳Ϊأ ȥ!үæʸʵ˭?˻ش𣺡ݾֻôһס ֪ЩϷĶѭġ 
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ǵʱЩʽѾˣΪ𹴽ѳصƭ ȡϿĹߡһнζջߣб֮븺籲ַʽ ﵽĿġһƪݡļʵƷڲذ ʱһĻؾмĹԱʿˡϻġ⪡NB063ʮˣ  ˣֲ˳ǹһҰϡݡ˵Ȼǳ͢б Ϊϰʲôԩڴθ״ͣһʣ֪ ˴п˵ȥ̫ʱҲϰաӭݵ󣬸д¡ £浽ȥְʱҶ֪֮£ڲ?ʵ ֻ⡰ĹԱʿˡϻĳνУ֪˾ν𡱣 ܴڣװϷĿģ硰ݡ¶ģǡ֮ ֮롱ҪǵҴ˵֪Եꫣȴ֮ʹԱ ڣ֪޼Ĭ?͵ø͸ˣǶү ǸɵġʱεطĲ̺˵øɴ֮࣬(ٵ ط)ߣƽ֮ѳصߡ񣬡·˿ ǱޱҲ˿ڱ? 
ݡҲգ̺ҲգֻԼϽ޷Χʾꫣ ζľ̡֮磬ݳΪٳϷıĿʱү ̰Ҳȥ򱻲θְǰҪ򵱵һ ΪǳԸҲʵޡɼǣʯ֮Ǻٽ Ǽ򻯳ɡơľƣԺ󣬺дϼ䣬ɴͿϡ ֣үԼߣƵġߡСɡүѥ֮ࡣ ɡֽСʡһѴɡʾذպԢдҶ үѴɡӻĺ壻үѥ뼴ȥεĹԱһֻѥƷ Ķ?ǰһ߸ľʯɽ׫ЦúáУ˵ĳط ٽΣþѥԻ ϣ޶ݼ񣬺θҵ?ڪԻǾòСγɹ ˡʵ޲ðѵƤҲһȥү᲻һֻѥģԺ ǰֻľϣͻһֻѥΪǺǷȷмֻѥڣ ܲˡ 
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֪ѧּöѭѭȰģ ҰʶѧʷۼҺѧٸٵõĶ෽ 润塣λʵҵĳʦֳ֮ 
سʦȴԷʷĵĻȾ֮⣬һݳ Ժչ˵黳ҵΪߵļǰ⽨̽ء1994 ꣩ĳ棬ҪرлʦĹչˡ 
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