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 1 

վϹҵǰǰĴšҶɵ壬޴Ҳ̤ڶ
һҲʶݼİˣǲһجΣԭҵδվ˵ģΪʱǼƢԲԼδ͵ϣǰݼ¼ٿ˵һ͵ϡ
꣬꣬Ѷ˻˳ۡ
ڴĻڸ߸ߵϣվվ׵ǸݵӰ΢ķϡ
ѾŵĿˣݼҵĶ벻ҵۣ˵ôݼңҲþա
˵ҲŲϡ׶ʲôϡüǲмͳ
ֻֽ˵Ļϲµһעݼҵİ䡣̶̼ͽݼҵһһı˾ƵҴңƵҶԶ˫֣ƵԷ书Ƶݼҷֱ߽⣬ƵҵɱӴݼһûܶɽΪֻʣˡ
˺ݼв֮ΪʲôҪ
ϹûеطȥˡЦһºͣΪϹҵүϲݼˣȥһģû֮ؿԸǡ
Զһ㣬ǿȥԶһĵط֮ñȸɳĮӰܲȥɡ
û̲ˣؽ֣Ȳ˵ԸԸ⣬Ҫ˻᲻
˿ԼҪ侲Ϊʲôƫƫǣ
ӵĿһۣ̾̾˭֪һμֵ췭ظ֮Ҳû棬ȴǴδζŵģҲַ֪ʲô壬øһĶ˵Ȼ
ͰʲôϵǸ֪ߵغС

֮ǰѾöԼ𣿡
£ʱûһ˫֣ԼûǼӿԸݼҵٶȣ׷ʲôȴһֶ˵
ɱҡ
һ۸˵ʲôһȴҵĻ
ݳľȻϹҵϯӣ顣ѵã𽵹ȥҲˡ
ﱧһʮŮǸ˯㣬Ķᣬȫûбѡ˵۵ҧһڣŨܵĽë»һ˫أ˯ŶԵô۾Ļһǳ˻
ôõһӰֲþ鶼ôС
һ±֪ˣϹҵүϹСãЩĺӡ
һ˲ͻȻЦСʱֺγ˱赽ȥģݼһܳѾû˻ˡ
Ķݼҡֺݼҡʸݼҵ񶼶㵽Ϲҵ£ɢĸɸɾһ
С㣿ôվſڲȥ鿴һ£žʵ
СؽȥͨˡЦŻش
ǰһȥءҲЦŽһ䡣
£ҡ˶˶ƺѵļ
磿
ˣ
˫۾ȻƯ͸Ļ顣ȻոתѣЩɣɫĳȡ
̧ͷǿٿңžİͿ˺ܾá
˵⬣ȫ¶Ǵ̣ƢֻСּǺޣҲݣ͵СƢ̫ҳԵ˿ͷҪѧһİ磬⼸ÿһҾͰԭԼصø
ڻм˿ó۾Ĵ̣ǰֽСúΪҵ۾һ־
С㣬ء齫ɱø˵㡣
ԭܿұ¶ˡֻ̯֣εЦЦ˱ͲԸġ





 2 

ϹҺܴһ԰һ԰ͥԺŵģ͡
ʱһμѾˣСҵĵһӳ񼫶˵Ĳãÿμ治Ӿֱӳȥһܡ֣òʵǵòǺ˵ģŵӡӦ۸ڶţо˫ǳرĵˡʲôˣСʱҲʲôƯҿϼ۵ģڿ϶ǳü۵Ĳ
ʲôأҡ
ţ̧ͷԭѾˡ
һƢһ
λ¥ܳСЦЩΣү˵͡
Ҳû뵽Ϲ˾һ¾µˡ
ߣҾ֪
ѿϹô˼̧ͷ¥Ͽȥ
겻ģҲкܴĳ룬һһ۾ϳ
ޣү۾ϹҲˣȻĺÿŭԹĵز
ߣҾͲֻˡ

һǺ˳һȴҲˡϹ˵ֻĸүôݵ˱˲ͬƫƫżʲôʲôݡ
ΪСƢˣû뵽ô񡣡¥ϵĴƮ
۾ǳƯ΢΢Цʱ򣬼й˻ȻЦʱΪ۽üģرĹ꣬Ưĳ̶ȡЦʱ򼸺٣ҲֻΣȴӡ̵裬Ϊ˫صķۣʱ絶ϬһεмʱҪ
ұɿŵȭʱҾ㲻ԼҲҪİΣݼѾˣҲ˺
ŶеҪǰһӹˡ̬ȻЦ⡣ 
㵽ΣҾƽ
ЦſڴڣһϮ𣬾Ʋߡ
磬ں˭˵ѽŮЩϤ
ܵڣЦһ壬ұͽˡ
ιֲǲɻбҪҾ
ôʶλ㣿Ϲ˾Ȼôº͵ɵͷǰҴʱҲûϧġ
ţղſڵĽ㡭ЦžϹߺܰȫ磬ǵһμôƯĽء
ܼô
һ˲ҺȻвõԤУϹЦҲ̫һ㡣
𣿡
ϹͷϸĿҲţЩ֡
ΪТ˳ŮΣ
Źɡ߹סҵ֣֪ϣҳ֡
ݷˣϹñٲˣҲ֤ʲô





 3 

ɣʮǰݼΪΪΣϹΪĩӦ˷ˮתĵݼһϦ˥ܣϹҵ˳ߵ˼ʢĶˣҪ֣׻иҸһ
Ϲҵڽϱ˲֪˲Ϲһνֵһ֮õݼţϹҵŴ˭˶µĵز˶ʶϹˡϽѸ¹ĹϹһʱ¹Ҳ쳹֡
˿̵ǰ¹·ϣζ˰ա
ϹңϹ˿չίҲϣͽۡ
㣬㲻𣿡ƿһǣСԴѲһϸܵĺ顣
̫˰ô᲻ȣǽ̫رңֻƫֲ׳ѡ
ˮһ˿ǻ
ŶתӹˮּңҪҪȵˮ
̧ۿһǰߣСľͲҪ˵ɢҵעȻһŲסѾû˵ˣҪŵ¹ҿɲҪϹЦ
ɱӡûһᣬֱ
˺˵ҪشһɣСƢַˣ
ڲ㳳Ҳû˵ԼҲүƢʲôʸ˵ҡ
ͣΣȻһ¡
ʲôҿһκϹӰˡ
ǰ̧εͣҵĽѾʹˣһǰ߾ֱֱײȥ
Ȼһײ͵ѣϮǰֻһƬתĺڰˡ
ǽ֦Ҷʧȥʶǰ˱Թһ䡣

۾һŷŴܽһֱŵʧ̼һ㶼ϲ
ʻѵͦ졣
ôôϤ
㡭죬Щð̡
ˮ˪зݵĶô£
ȸұˮ
ǰܽûɣεͦΣ˵ƮݣЩɷǵĳһ۾˼ס
˱ˮңҺ۾ֱֱңҲ˵ǲϰݵġ
šǸ¶ɡǲŵɡ
¶˿ȤĽÿζֻһ˵ỻŶ£ҪصĻҪô鷳𣿡ЦԼԼ¶ÿ춼͵͵سһ㣬ݼ鲻ϣˮǰĶ򲻵͸ķ˪ֻд·ռˡҪǳ仹֪Ѿ˼ˡ
¹Ļ֮һɲֻشҽʥ֣ʲôס
ϹĶ죬ҲˣһĹӴҲϵĲˡ
㵹֪û²οԶҩ޷Ȼļ֪ɱΪֻŭݼҸٵѡַʽΪݼҾܶһ𣿡
ҡȣٲ̬ţĿֻǱѣԲʲôö
ȻΣҪҹⲻȥ
ЦЦϵһüҵздš޿ɾҩĸ֡
ǲǵ͹һμ棿
ĵ˭ǵã
Ǹʱݼһǿʢһءת⣬ݼҵС㵽Ǳģô˵ѿܻڵҲֻСˡ
ѿҲ㣿ҸѿҶѾǺܿˡ
ε̾˿վ˴ߡ
㵽ʲôʱ֪أ
žҵıӡ
һûֻҵϹƾʲôָֻš
žĻһ˦ûˡµֿݣȥߵȣ̧ͷľȻϹ





 4 

ﲻݼңһ¹Ķʲô㣿
һԼ֣˿ٴٴίֻӲѹȥȻǰ˶ֲ
˵ؿЩƣȥ
΢Цףȥ
ҵǲ֪ҲΪ˿ǣϧԼôΰ󰡡˰װ׳һƤ࣬˵Ļô̱
ץµı޵棬ٴθԼҪ侲οҲʵԼӿڳ
Ҳ֪£Щ
ʱ٣ˣǾʲô¶ҪΧһתǸʱݼ¡Ҳȷ˱ңҺγ¹ʲôƫƫ˸Ϲҹⲻȥºҳ˵˵ÿһײĻҳԵԼµĿͷһһδû©
һҩˣͷŹ㡣ǳʴȵ˵쿪ʼ¹źǵЩɲϲ̰˯
̫ɫϼӴһĺϣ幦µӣɢ˿ʢţĵ޲ɷĵּ˫΢ĵۣ޵ģɫϼҪϼ֣Ҫ˾̾
Ưһֿµĳ̶ȣֱһ
˿۽΢΢ЦôƯȴ֪ʲôô֪
ֻ겻Ȼ
֪ˡҳһЦѡ
Ҳû뵽ô˳һ£ϸ
ίˣ 
ֱίС˷һ࣬ȥ̱˵ϹǲҵԽĥĲǲǣ
ж಻ƽҲʱֲֳ֪Ҫôŷˡҿûģѡ˲˵ֻҡͷ
ÿĴߣееãɫģһۡ
ʲôˣ粻ļһӵ˲
һ¡ΪԼǣһ»Ҫһµġ
˵żϵ¯̵ķ۱Ī⡣
ǸҩʵҲûϵġ
ɫһ˻㻹ΪС鶼˵ģ
ðɣ㽻ҵĴ󡣴һ˲עҩˣͻҿԡ
ˡ
ҩࣿ
ʵҲǡһ㡭
ôǱҪǰҶˡСҳҩĶҪȫµġ
ǰأ۾ڵķܲԸϵǷǳƯǰôҩģ
Ȼû˵ɲ²¿࣬ҲҪȥô㻹С㡱Ļ
һҩһ۽
¶һ̵ЦԵһҩˣʲôȻݵֵز
Цģֲмģ㲻мһмأ
ۿϵı粻һᣬ̧ͷΣȥЩ۽
Ϣģ˵оһĴڡ
Ҳ۽ôõ£ұ֤
޳ҵͷ־ᡣ
ˡ
Ҳϣвɾˡ

ȻһͷһΣһΪɣڶΪԶĴ
Ȼôֺαðգɳᱻ˵ȥźˣùǸСãʹÿμϾͻдš޿ɾҩĸ֣ҲŮ˼ʵĺáĻἵʣͻ뵽ǰԼǧ谮һ˲ȻӵļʣôȲƽϲԹҲͲˡ
Һ˼ĵűÿˡ
ȻֱŵˣΪҩľȻĻ֮һФɪ
˵üȴϲǰڳЦЦı飬·ͻúƵġҲǺֻߺѿΪ˼ʣҾǿرĲˬ
ûǴĻòСʱҲҵ





 5 

Ũĺɫҩ֭ǱϹűӹȥģϵԼҧҧȥģǵҿðſζĺɫˡ¿࣬ҩ¼ֱ̣ԸõҲҲùǿĵĹ
ҩĴ󷢣Ǹһڱε˲۽һĿζ
춢ҳҩ뿪֮û˽ˡҲǵȷ˻ҩĹϵ֮һҹΣ⼸ѵõһҹþ
̫Ҿˣڴͷãһ󲻽ЩԳЦЦϹ˵ĻҾȻεļסѾΥˣ˵ҪЩҾĵͬҪǰҪһƱ˵۾ݼС˲ģʱѲˡ
˻ӦԳǿپ·ʱپõϰ߶ܸı䣬ֲԸⲻԸ⡣
˼Ƶź˵ȻǰݳˣοӼҵʱͼ˼·ڶȽϸԾˣЩӻ˼˼ҲҪɾ׵ĻƵģɫʶĻȫܱȡ
˵㣬ĸɸɾٻȥɡ촩ǼǼ·õһˣΨһһ黨ģΪҪϹĵǲʵĽǲǰ䣬ԺôҪ棬Ȼ֮һ飬ִ¸ûҪ
ЩҪ˭Ϊʲô¹ôסҸߣ
ߵԺǰʶǳص⣬̽̽ӰûС
СҪȥĶ
һһɫӰƮǰ
ǰϸӣ죬۾ں촽ݰ׵ģϲ
ǣ
СΣߵ̴ӡ
Ŷΰҵͷ⺢ɰҲ̴ӲҪߴ粽𣿡
û뵽һҺźţСĸС㡣
𣿲˰ɣ¹Լĵܷʲôˣ
̾ѹĳһĽ
ǸᡭСס
СסҶԷˮƹ͵ˡ
ŶҳЦͷܴȥ𣿡
ֻںڵ۾ɵԲԲģæ˵ȻССĻٵġ
˵ͼˣҲҸûϡˣСùأ
ЦŸȥôѹҲһЩɬСð
˵¹ľ¹쵱ϸ徫µ޿ޣ·߲һǱ㵽ҶԷ
ҶԷŻʱֵĩԺõɫƮ㣬൱ľáһδе°
ɫҲƯСǸи˰
¹ÿһԷÿһ¥ܹɽϸģÿһǾɫ˵ĵطҶԷɱСֲõȻǲͬ
ɣûҾȼӻĥˣϹǿ׼һ㣬Ҫʱʱ̿ż尾ͰƵôˡ





 6 

Ժȥʱһ·ٲĿǰѺеģһƳҾǱĵģЩɴͰҵ͸ˡ
ƲƲ죬ԼϹưͣҲ˵
ߵұһӲȴʮ㡣
˵óݵȻͬͬΪ˵λҪ߳ģȻϹߵ̴ҲɼԼӵĵóжˡ
ƫʱ̲סЦ˳Ǹֵɫһҵ˵ı»һûͽ˸ӡֹƵĲ֮ȷЦǰһСѾͷҲҸȹФ󻤷أȻСѾͷʧˣӴûֹ
°ͣбۡ
ұЦݣս֡ޣūţҲеģ
ǹСģи㡣ξȻЦǳСĿ
С㣿һߵüëֻһС㡣
εӲӣǣùźС㡣
ߣֽ֦Ҷ粻費ϵʲô
С㰲š
ߺ˰һѲŲġݡǽ
ҵͷĥƴƴסԼҪɱ˵ĳ嶯
С£־Ƣ˲ˡ
ģЦҿǿЦЦ
ɵţְ쵽ݵƫͲǸˣнȥС㡣
һɲųұЦеġ
Ȼ˵أϲͰѽ͸ˡ
һ仰˵ҵҲһأʲô˼̫ԼˣϹмҾȫΪϲûɱ֣ôܻվȫǿɣǲҪͶعݴţұ㣿
Ц
žӴмϿģ
̫ͻȻˣһСҰײҰ׵ģ۾Ҳһ
һ˲˵ʲôͱһ
ʲôСƢʲôʲôҰûСĸŮܻڣ
֣һȣһ֡
ٴȻҲ֪βǣֻǸūűϾȲӣֻбɨسŵķݣҲ͹˵
ðСˣҪǸ߹㲻֪ʲôͷҪˡһѴŮſ
ͷĻΨһһŮӣҲӢ
֪ɣƹˤˡ
һŵСˡ
ҵɫ϶ѿǿ˲żص˵ʲôϡġ
㡢ˣһӶѣûϵġЦܻӦԺӦûõģֻҪҲѽ˵ȥͲ֪ˡ
С氡Ҳס˭ĵط˵¹һԶٰǵʱ߶֪ÿϢ˭桢˭ȥ桢ȥʲôط桢˶òŻؼҡôЩ£һ
ûϵϹɱңΪСϲ
յ˫۾Ͷľ죬Ц
ǡӢ̾̾޹أ㱻ģϵͻҪҪȥ
ţЩãƻûȥ𣿡
˵¶࣬һÿ
ģæҲȥģ첻ǻʱ䶢ҳǸҩ
ŶҲһȥɣЦ޺һ˾ܾˣ
ҿһЦһܻϵĻ





 7 

һεĵ֮ξ͹ˣӢҪЦЦĶһɽ˼仰ͱºȥˡ
ִȥԺˮҾͿŵǿھֱۣΪСϰˮ»Ѳңټ粻ǲԵġҲǲڻ£Ҳϲһǰ߻ʲôƷͷмһ˻ûա
Բʱ˷ܵķ⣬ֱһֽѵֻܺԼ£Ҳûãȵϲʱûע⵽̣һϺõɶͻϡǰò趼˸ºãֻʢϲҪҶ֡
һ˺¾ûٹңĥīĥϴ·ϴ·ƣɨɨԼҡ֮һһ޳ɣӳ飬ǱС˭֪ûʲôһղסƣҰԼûüǳƤûƣѪԱǻʹ
۵緹ûԣΪֻȫ̧Ǹȱ۵ִ˵мɣָһһʹ
˯ԹһȥҩˡּǽһЦϺһһǳüֻˣ޲ܴ˿̾ͽǧС
ݾͿѾںһðĺɫҩ֭ҳǳҲԲ˵Ҳ
ٿȥҩˡҺ
Ҳҩ
һµСʳбŵϣ򿪺иһ۽
ʿˮ
ҩЩ㡣˿ʼƭ
ǡҲҪܺȰ 
ʲôЩɻĴ˹
㲻Ļ𽵹һ£ҵ֡
ü֣µװΣһ֪ǱúܺõС֣ҿ
ǡҸеԼüͷ˳飬ÿӡ
һǳãЦеӺ˶ڷ⡣ÿ֮ǰֻһ˲ɫͳ
˭Ūģͷϸϸ鷢סۣ
Լȥ飬Ҷȸ״
ŵһͰԼŪˡ̧ͷֹƽеЦֱŵġ
˵£һûӦʱҵıӰҩȥٶȼҩθðҲ͵ػعֱüǺҿ¾Ҫץϵ۽һ̧ȴ۵ȥġ
˷һеؿҼֱðһ˫۹ޡ˲ǺæûСõпЦˣ
ԣ޳ƯָָϵʳС
ϻ۾
ǵĻ΢΢һȻЦò⣬ңҾ͸ԡ
ĿζŨɢҸɴҧ𴽵ǲڡҲ·ϵһֳ°һֲŪʳУ͹Ƕ˵鲻
ɫתʶҧ˴ζζ
Ūʳеͣͣۡ
ôǼ»õĽʲôܸܵıһ𣿡ɫһܣֻԸĿͷ
òܣͷһȣڶ
ȻҷԵֵǽûаֻǿңĴߣȴĺǼѪĶ
Σŵ̾̾۽ιߡ
ྪδܳܵһʱĿ
졣Ҳǰ죬Ҽŵ۽ζָ⴫㡣ҩ
֮㲻ˣ֮ãſںĹ⡣
Ǹʱˣ˸ûԡ
ϵͻȥˡιС۽㲻ҳˣվһͨڹ﷭һСҩ䡣
ŶҵͷδۣͻȻòԣ㶼֪ˣ
ӦҲ֪ҽӵˣ˵ǲҺùģɽһûûѹô׷Źˣ
ҩ䷭ƿƿ޹ޣȻҵ֣үԸҩ
ӵǮǮۣÿǮ뻹Ҫ¹ʮ塣
һɵؿϹ
еʱġ
ÿķۣЦëȻ





 8 

İӹ㲻ϺҲ㲻ϻϹûҺҩ˵ȴҵֻҩЪ˼Żˮ
ɵûֵӰȡ֮һȥº͵֡
ƢǺõúܣʲô¶ңΪֱִӲҡһʲ֪ǴϹǱɹģȥȴտڲҶԷ˶ǿҲ˳۵ϸҡֻ̾ǲ˵ȥˣҾϹҪЦЦĿңһ㺮ë𣬾ûʹ
԰һЩСĦҲȥƽˣ˯ϰߡ
ʮ֮󼸺ܣʱݼҵȻܴҡڵȥĳȥ¥żװȥ¥棬ͨϲȥſ˴̨ųʲôûɹٰȺеľۼأκһʿᵽݼҵС㶼ֻҡͷķݣ˵Ҳѧ˿ȢһҵǰƨҷһǰͽҪʯ
Ȼʱݺ͵λڣҪ˭ҡ
ʲôһʰһ£Ҫȥɽׯ
ţҲȥ
ɽׯׯ㵱ȻҪȥź򡣡
ӣǸɽׯɣǻ֮һãϣ˾䡣
ĸɽׯ
ȻۣЦֻ꣬˵أڱɽıɽׯм
ʵָͷҲôһ
ܲܲȥҳƺûôҹⲻȥССԽϢð˳
ðЦУңҾ׼㲻ȥ
Ҵ˴ۣףͲе⣿οҪС㿪㻹˰أվߣ档
侲ҲŷӦҸղʲô£һðһ亹һҲû׷ٿӰûˣⲻ̫ˣԴҩˣҪôԴҩˡ
һҿʹʱʵ˺һᣬɾжó裿Ļ˵ȻҪϹģôϹҵĴӡӺӶˣȥɽׯЩȥ˫Σ鷳Ҳûô˺òã߾ֻҶ硢ʦֺʦˡ
ĥ˸ϽϳɣȻùȿɲġһѰ˳
ᡭСأôϾҺˣ
С͹һûƼүǶǰ𣿡
⳵С𣿡ǰֳҵô⳵
ţСĳ·ϹͻʱСҪġ
Ŷһ˻Դӿû˯ء
֣˯ᡣ
Цһºͣϣұȥܹˡ
ΪеԳĲοᳵ˺ʵëձʵһһֱ˯ŵĿջ
ѹʱѾڷˣ
ˣŽڵ࣬緹ҪҪԵ㶫
Ի̧ͷҲ˯ڳϵ𣿡
ǹġϡ
̫ȣ˺
Ͻɣ͵ĻҿҪȥһʵġ
˵߹ҴˮһӴϱϹƤӵҿܲ˵ź





 9 

֮ļҾûǰ˴棬޿ջʱҪźɣϴҹ¾Ͳҹˣ÷ʱȺӶټֵźţҲֲˡҪҹģԵҹߵŹˡ
쵽˰ǣԺűڳҪ˯ŵʱͣˡ
˯ǵˡҵ
鲻Ը˳һմؾ;ʲôԣ͵һ̧ͷϹǾȻ˳ûȽջվԭ·˵۹⣬ǵ۹ƺϡֱ¾磬ͷһԵľԾղվĵطͶɫӰŵѱǰľͷջء
ֱͻҴɷ֮꣬ʲôʲô
ɫºǰѰѣŰ׾˹ĵȴһ˫ӥ̵ۣ˭
ڱҴˡЦ䡣
°ֿͣɫ̳ȥ̧̽˹
ȥ
÷㿪ĵӣüɺû򶨽ĵӿ롣
˭Ҫȥ
Ұ׳հȥ̵ĽǸģҴ˲Ź֣
ץһɡ̯˵һ仰ʱ̯·ˣʣɡĶޱȣڲǹʱǰΣĵӳѲѵϾܱһѷıעڣʹѵӵķ羢֮ܰѿ
һͨͨɡֵܵסѣвֻʣɡˣִѹֹӥצҪҵļ硣һֺֿݣֻɡȥĵӣ˼ȴ˳һԭҪץҵ֣֮ǰһֻСı仯̫죬ۿҪץˣȻһ󾢷紵֡
ķӦҲǼ죬ջ֣׷羢̫ǿֱϿѪڣתͷĿϹ
ϹڿջǰԶλãͷβĵЦţǰҲû˿仯ͨһֲܿЩƫƫϹͺ˵ˡΪʽӰεģ仰˵ȫƾˣκζﶼԱɶͻŷܵһʹܰȡ֮İãγɵķмӵùֵٶʵǿĿԺѶ϶ǲϹ֣Լ˵
ߣҲǵģΪܼҵĿ֮´ְɣĻ֮һĲ߿˿ڡ
еĽѳʣһ׸ղý͹ġ
֮¹кθɣ
ôûйϵüúϸȴǷǳ˵ʱšǹŪźСģȻ¹ˣǽҪҪõģ
㶣ȻһĻȻ򣬡Ҿ˵Ϲôûһ㣬ԭиİ㵱Ѿʹ
˵һ飬ҪץɡȴץһѿգĲͷСڵĶ˭죬ɡһ̵ľܵӰ٣ҵһߵľӡ
ƢôꡭľҲҡҡͷ֪ܷ񽫴ľҽ̣
ľɵҪкãϹܺ棬Цر޺
˵ݼСǷǽ࣬ƢǽڳˣƾСݺڼ￴ŲҲĿϸ֦ȸ׻ǱȲ֦ķˡ
ľۣ͸ðһɱ˵ģðŻȻ鵽Ӣ˲ɷ׵ɫҡҡ׹ӡ
ŶһϹз໪װΰ˶ĿһΪһǴû뵽˾ô
Щ˸Ͳö֣ܸˣ
ҲôͺͿп޵װλû𡭡
ûꣿüˬ㡣
ϹЦһҾ֪ı顣ż仰̲סˣ
ҧҧ𣬡ȥ˽ҵʴûһɱ͸ĴмȻ˵ֻǸǲʶֻô֪֪ͼĸôд𣿡
ڵʱǸϹǰһе˵ⷬΪˣͬԾǸԼ·ߡ
ĿһᣬţѵվǷˣȻ
Ӳǳ˿ѱġҴ¹֮ǰ̣Ȼ治Ҫ¹ȥçײ˾ֿɾͲ̫ˣȸաõ˶ϡ
ЩЦ⣬˵ǿɢԵػôôˬġ
С㣿Сˡֵһմˡ
ɵҪԲض˵һ˲עתƾסҳ˳ǣһӵ޴
Цһ֮ǰҶһס
ѵ˱ɽׯ





 10 

˹Ŵ׸ôô
ҲǸģ֣ڳֻˡ
ҵͷΪ־ӦñúõĹţӦñһ
ʧЦͷůů˵Ц˭ѽ˵Ҫô
ſϣ˼ǡʵҲǶˣΪϹ׼ҳ緹˵ʲôʶԼĴ֮ǰҪú÷ʡҲûСߣ˭ϡͶԡ
Сôˣ
û£ֻǱŵ˶ѣϢϢͺˡ
ⲻǻûѪء
ô㻹ִ󣿡һźë
һֻһͷӣ
һͳסҵӣʹ˸ɫִ˳ȥ
˻Ͷ԰ҵʧˡϷЦݣ˸Ƥǲǣܹǲ㷹
ι㽲ǵ£ֲġ 
˸𳰷⣬ϰԵʳָƯ°͡
Ȼǲ֪ԼˣǡЦЦһëȻ˵˵ûһɱ˾ʲô˼
˾֪ҵһһϾԶܶµϸµ̽Ҳȫ̽õ
ʮʱŴȥ棬ǸʱϽھۻΪϽʹԼȥ档ǰ춼ֻ棬һȥ̺ķɽժԣԭȻúõһֱҪȥʱ·һɽƭкĶƭȥԼȴɽˣұɽĶҧһڣûҪҵҴνɱϽ˾ۡҶ֮ҲѵǸСӣȥʱȴҴŽվһϢľǰҲ֪ΪʲôҵʱȻûѪɫ԰׵Ĳ񻰵ľۺܿͶҴĽ̴طεˣ۵һֱþǰ⽣͡ʱҪ֪⸱ӵ˽ȻܵһԵĴħͷҾͺΪʲôûɴһˡ
ӵֽ˽ΣյĻȣĻͱɱɤ
ǰ׳գ˸˵ʲôˣһƬ治֪ʲôĵطͳ壿ôûֵĶһڰˣôûأ
ϹҲе£ɲ֪ΪʲôһžرĴģҪ޲ҵʱˡ
ǰǧꡭ
ž
һƣִҡСֻȹϹ֣
ʲôʸңʲôҹһ˲𶥵ί֧еֻбߺȭͷ
վֱֱҺҹŷйûעɫԽԽ
ҪʲôʲôʸӦñҸˡѾûݼˣû˻ǨˡûСһ£ʲô㻹ʸĿ𣿡ʲôǣûͱǧˡ
⻰һͰˮͷ쳣䵽͸ġ
ʶĳס·һƬհףʲôѹ͸
ʲô⻬΢Ķҷȵۿŵ㣬
ܵĻͿ޳Щε̾ϢҶ
ޣʲôʲôÿ޵ģûҪٿȥ׽Ūˣôأ˶ңֻб˿޵÷ҿ޵ʱ򣬱˵֪Ҫƨɵġ˼Ѿȥˡ硢Ҳȥ˺ԶԶĵطʦأʦأˣǶˡ
˵ˡһֻƹҵĺ󾱰ӵһŵĻ
Ұͷȥ˵ôûĻôҿ˵һˡ





 11 

ڶ쵽˱ɽׯұȻС˵·εԭΪ˶ĿɽʶҵĻһ۾ϳңҲ׹Ҫ˶ĿϹź̫ˣֻǷҸźǺȲԷҵĹˡ
Ϲܼҳӭӵʱ򱾻Цø䳤˺ܶ޵ľջƵģһЦͽˣҲˡ
ôԵ̬ȣĻЦŤˣƲƲ죬Ѿϰˡ̧ͷǰҶǰǿ鱻Ҹˣû뵽˿ġ
ϹܼҸǰٺ˿ͷ˵·;Ϣһ÷ǶڷϢˣϹȥɽׯ˫Σȥˡ
Ҿϲ̤ʵɴ౧ͷڷͷ˯Ҳȥܲʲô˰ɡ
һ˯ڣҵıӲѵġ
šԷ𣿡Ժʣе־塣
ֺֺЦĿңһˣô˯ȥҲû˹㣬С˾Ͳȥ
üȥҲԲ϶ɣֻܿܳԶһҪڱź򡭡
ȻС߾Ͳί㣬οСǷԸһҪȥġ
ɵķԸ˵ֵ֣˶ǲҵġֶչˣ컹Ϊ˳ԵĸҶ˰µǮܲΪɡ
ҲΪ˿ǵһ죬˵ȥ˭ţ
̾˿ᵽһõĥʯԲĽһнǵʯͷĥԲ顣
⿴ƺǺֵӣͻȻͲҽȥˡʲô°ⲻ˫Σ;ۿ϶棬ҽȥӰǵʳһһĸô죿
ôˣǰ˼ͷûʡ
õԤСƷϮֻòԱߵʯ̽Ծȶ㿪һơ
õǿ졣
ұһ䣬ǵͷôͰ˫Ӱأ
ҽֱعͷһǶƵĻӦ
ǸвŮЦϣ԰ûûֵİ
û棬ҷ¶ͷǰһߵʯ̾ͻһأС԰˶ˡ˫ӰϹ򿰳һƵƷ֮֮ƫʯֱҲһԾôɴô𺳣۶ֱˡ
˫ӰһŭŪׯĶ͸ҹɽׯ
ϴ˲𰡡͹һԸءһֹһ߿ι
ѵмٵģ̲סһۡ
ɣΪ㲻֣ƽһкˡԭһ첻Ͳ
㡣
СҪҷɽ㻹ﲻ֪ʲôء
˫ӰƤޱ޵Уֻᱻֻװı㻹ң֮ӲԻϲԼĿֽڱ˵ʹ֮ϣʱ˫Σûޡ
νʲôӣϹ˭û³
ȻжʱǺҳζͶ±ɽׯٰǸһ˴꣬ϾһһжĥһϹǰ͸è󣬲ĶӵٶӼ˶ҪԲλࡣ˫ӰϹҡ
СûĵĶɨˣ֪ΪʲôûһԷСүģʲô£ڵĲ˲ӣžúиϹĸо
㲻֪ݼҰˣ¹ˣϢչФɪ
ʲô˫Ӱһ죬ݼҰˣ㡭¹ϹǺѪ𣿡
ǰˣôڲ֪ФɪǣЦЦĳ顣
СүⲻǲŴĮ˫ӰһץסңСôңСүΪֵһ߲嵶ϵɽ»𺣶ǣ
ôô壿ҿûֿɴվúܿϧԼ˰ɣ
һûбҴΣͺ˵𣡡
οԶĮԶܹȥضкȤĶֻһҵֿῴ˰ɡʵҵʱû뵽Ĵ׵ȥˡ
ôò鵹Ǻܺ
Ƥһ̧Фɪȥֲ˵ĻٲͷѰԴ
ƵϣվͯǸһ԰ײˣƫһŮüֲʧӢʹһ˵ĵĲ̬ʣ࿴ҲĲһϸֻᱻ۾﷢ë
ٿԱߵ˫ΣȴһְԵˣ˼ٷñɽׯׯСȻǳеİԵΪԼ
ɨأͣ˾۵ϡ





 12 

һЦַ飬ɫĲ԰׶ԵĴΪޣתǣȴ̫Щ
˫Ӱ㻹ҪвŮ䲻Ҿðô䡣
һ仰ǵŭĿӣ˫ӰҪһơ
ޣŲвŮ
Ц˫Ӱ⼸˵ƤӵҲ˵Ȼ׷˹ʹ黵辰ʯһƬ̳
ҽ¥˼ĸ㲻ǻ𣿡Ͻ͡
ϰһһ󣬸Ǽӽ˳Ƶٶȡҿ׼ĸǽһôҪƾڵṦȥеѣֻжһˡ
ǽԨһĵķʽȥСʬ޴棬ݷҪɥֻܱſչףḷ́
˫ӰҶͣЩӲĶסͷƺһ㡣
ϢؾһԣĵЦĲɵĴָס
ҧҧ׻Ӳۣ˫Σ;ҾͰˡ
ĹˣˣҲд蹻ˣÿķۣҶӶʱȽϲƢͲôáǳԷԵһʱ˴ţҲ뱻ϲ˵ζЩɽ䰡ζҲˣ컻ζҲ
ŵϹԷǴɣҾȻҲˣɲڿЦ׼ᵶףɱʹ󣬰Ƥ¹ԡϹֲ
Һ˫Ӱͬʱ˵ʵʵҲԸôˣݼҳǻҾԼȥˣֺαҪԶҩĻһˮ㹻˸ﻹҪÿ첦һĳԡ
ǡǸСڣѪ̫ðɡ˫Ӱڴ
ɾ͵ڰ˸Ƴǲġ
Ϲ̧ͷϵĽ˿УŶǲѪ˺ˡ
Ч˹ȻҪԼ
á
ƮһЦ
˵֣
ֳôһָָ˫ӰҪĿξѡҵոԡ
׻˵Ѳƶο˫Ӱֲʲô֮
˰ɡۣĶ뺦ң
ңôѵ³ûѾܸˡ
㵹óƳһͽʯͷ˫ӰӲⶼ˻ôԣ
㣬ҵ⡣
治ں
ӶĿһ˫Ӱǰڲһû˭ң
Ŷ¡׼ˣǻأ
ˣˮӵǮţġ
ЦЦת˫Σ˵Էɡ





 13 

ǰɽ亣ζɫζȫϧֻܿܳԡ
վһᣬģûһŮҹֵĺ߻֣෴ڷϵıֻ൱ĺţϵĴСҲ֪˵鶯Ĵ۲ŤҲʧ˿ɰ˵ϲģǼ˵ı֪ˡ
᲻֪ϹƢϰߣԷһҽй˵¶ңǰʲôأѵôаһ£˫ӰĳӦǸɡ
ҲԵɣ㶼һûʲôˡ
Ͳͣ᣿ոպҪ»𺣣
ҲҡЦЦҾЦӣūūš
٣Σ⻰ȻǴС˵ģ˵ȥ˭Ű
˫Σϵĵͷ
ϡˣݼҰ˶ûϡ
ҵ첻ֹĳһ£ûҵĺڣնݲ³תͷһɿһϺʶʱ֮ϮʲôʱǸͷ
㿴ҲǱ£֣ܰƢԵôôõƤ˵ʹɱڼﵱװοҲǺõġ
ҵţгһ㡭ޣҷˣҪÿ
ҵ϶ǻȢ𣿡˫Σ̧ƤƳһۡ
ǸţͷӣƢǹúܣģͲףҨҩ
ҶүǳţƢǰ»ܵϹҪء˵
ߣСķҲȵ
ǰǰɽҩ롣˫Ӱûң⻹ͼӴס
ҩʵǲǸ𣿶ҽ˲ǳΪְ˹֮һҩ𣿡
СҲŸɱˣ˰ռ˼ұҪһѡ˫Ӱּ˿ȷִĶ⣬֮ԱΪҩһΪƢŹ֣ɽ˻ҪǸ˳۲˳ۣҪǲ˳۸ɴٲһϡΪҪôɽһɽҪһĿʾˡ
ҩ֮ʢ֮ãûаҲи߰ʮ˰ɣݡ
ʦȳСӼ˺ıˣСҩȷҲй֮ҪΪѾǸͷɾ˴ˣжʮѾܺˡɽΪһݣȥ˸Ҳ֪ʲôһɽУֻҪȵ˵Գɽ԰ʡ
񾭲ֲûţ
ڱﲻס˫ӰЦرǷᣬţΪҲ֪ҾƢŹֵôͿģɽȥǲ֪һһŸǸҩˣ
˵ŵС㣿˫Σüʵ
ţ»ֹһүΪ˾Ӳɽ¹ҹ˵ҪһһүͰԸŮͳȥˣúһСӲǳ˺ҩõҩˡ˵Ҳү˵ȥģû˵Ҳû˵УܵΪֵӻɡ
ô֪ǰ΢Ҳܺ档
ΪǰͽܣԸмС檡м¥áĸ衭
ҿ˫ΣһԽ˵ԽЦ
磬˵ԭ
˫Ӱɫһ䣬Ǳҭˡ
𣿡
ôᣬۿӺлġ
˳ŻشЦȴͻȻвԣ˵ﲻԡ
ɱҲֻҾˡ
֪ﲻˣǸһֱûгҰˣ
Ī硢롢кöҪء





 14 

ʵȫԲģǸԶѾһϢڴǰֹϹ֣ҾȤˡϹôˣֻңһͿʼûͻȥˡεİɽźˣ˷²ŰѰѡ
ҹ˲ٵקŸѵϹôˡ˭֪治ãôһ˹ȥ뻹˵ֲ֪أһϹ˵ܾȹͺܺˣٱôһڱûҲᱻŪֻùԹԵٵ壬һһ¡
֮ɽϴĸ²֪һϢʱ߶ʲôԭǸ׳պųƽȴȻ֪ϹҵүϹ¡Űŵȴʲô¶ڲۿͽܴĵʱҪˣڲʲôɾҪͽЦˣԾҹƽոʮ߰˸ҽϹңô֪ʹɵԺϹҲڣûüԼùҵͱϹһƸˣ¹򲻴ӵù죬ȻܸŰһʣܵ뱤Ȼͱ˲ŴѲ
ʱ벹һȥܵظһΪϹǸڳԷҭˮǺ߻ħȵȶأ˰ʲô¶ûУɽ˷ĸ£ҲΪĵطɱˣȻ²ɽǸʲôûеɽϴĸû͸øлϻˣַЩĳ뻯Ĳݲҩҩɽİ԰øлҾΡǴȤ£ͺñ˫Ӱıͽ¡
ĪҲҲ׷ǣɽϵĸô£㲻ȥ뱤
Ϊ·˰Ծ͸ıгˣô̽û㱨˵ҲǣҾ˰ûڲ֪ġ
ûСϹۣЦԽƯԽ¡
˿µ̽ӾȻ⣡¿Ȥˡ
ѡɡ
ʲô
Ҫô췣
㲻ǰɣôõ¡ɫ΢䣬Ҳҧͷáðɣ˵ôôˡ
΢Ŵԣȥϵķˡ
ҲĿͷ̬ȷǳͣӲһ亹
㲻һûԶ𣿻ϿԱ㣬ôܷ
֪ϹûôģȸһȻһٱӣİã㰤ίҲ顣
鲻õʱԷʳ֪ζͬղſǳʱĴ֮еȻ޴棬һ˫˱۾㿴ôܻԵȥ
ˣҳԱˣҪʹ㡣
ϣһϮ˿ԵӺݻЦŵʱǴĵĻꡣһ˫۸۲תйԣˮ̬һСľҪȥǡ
ôЩ벻СĿڣƳһֻһСĲˡ
ˣıˡҵͷʾʵʵֻǾٳȥѱҵǻ᲻˴룬ǴҲ˵ġ
߹ǰվ޳ִ½һ˿
ûɣϹҲ죬ᣬڲһǳĴ
ѾϰʱʱĲΪȻﻹǻëëġ
ȻԱǾͿʼɡ
ߣһϺõĽ˿ͱϡ





 15 

ºڷߣɱҹ
ǲô𣬺һٱȴģ
ҪϹķһϵɽ»𺣻ѵ£ҹִ󣬿νʱ˺ͶռˣǲռҲ򲻹ȻͲ׸ңţˣ
ͣͣͣұֻĵķݡ
ԱܷôͳŲסˣ
£ʱӯƮݣ·
㶯˭ܡԣˣҪֱ˵òŹĨǡ
˻Ƿ绮·
գ۾վǰΣա
ôһץҵ֣֮šҪô죿
ҿ˵̫һˣһҲͻȻ׹᲻һô׸ûԹԵˣ˾ûйǲֵĶˣ̬ôǸոһ˲ˣôأǸĴ֪
ǡҴˣ㣬ʹ
Ҳ֪ʹ㲻ûûεģϵľץŲţ㲻ЩжĶô
˵Һһ£ֲȫңںƵʵû˲ѡⲽ
ÿҩʱˣĻʮû˵û²ỬĦҵ֣оеġûÿϧ
Ȼϧôֻڹʱû͵ϹһӶû˭ܡ
ȴЦ˲ò裬Ҵô
ҵҪԶ㣬κϵ˰˽֡
ǲ
Ǳ˰ָЩȴҡ
ҪҿԼݼҵڹķҶˡ
ݼǵ㶫ιãҿԸģһƾסģô
ֻпʼһϵģһƾסеϾһס󻤷ָ
ֻҪ㿪ھбʮزҪҪ
ôܻôһɵĿʮҲֻʮšȲ˵ûʮص㲻Ǿˣ
ôǹңЦһֱúܺõӡ
ֻȷһ£ֻҪĻ㲻ң֮ôˣǿԻң˵ݼҡ˵̫˿ɫԵȵֿʼ̧ͷ
Ҫݼ±Ӷ룬ǡЩε̾ˣҸЩԷģҲҲ´ࡣ
ҸҪ˵أΪûЦһã˭ܲϡ
ҵȻϿʮصҲͬһˡ





 16 

ҿǰͬŹˣҿöֱð亹ֲ÷
ҲҪ
ɡǹСġ
εһϺõƽɫý߹ճشĵϿ֯ϸƻɫŨׯأȸֵšһ·˵ҲҪϰܴģڵ·ֻǹˣһ˼ҵС㶼δܴ·ڵλξ͸ûˡ
ûȥûȥ
С㣬ΪСİҪôûȥֻ¹
·Ūˣұûʲô͸нˣ֪Ҫ·ôͲͨһģ˵ҲΪѰ
ãվգҵ¡ȹȥˣ˻ܵЩء
εĳ죬Цǿ
ȣȰС㻹Ǵŵĺá
ü˿صصİײ£Ǿá
·ҷȥɣһҪȥСǱߡ
ⲻУСôܽСĹ뷿
⺢ôҾôأ˵ҲǣϹߵһЩ˶Ҳǹ쳣ūŵ̬ȫȻͬһƮƮȻԽУЦ·һӣȻǱȥ
ɽׯܴ˵ҺɵһǰԺͺԺ֣֮˼С㣬סĵȻִֿʵķԺߵһСԺȥҪƺðܵϹܼôһԺǰڵùǺɫĳ̶Ⱦ֪˸ҹⲻȥ
Ӵⲻ𣿡
ҽһģŰԼҽš
簡ƤЦⲻЦת
硣ͷ߿ȥ̫Ҳû𰡡
ôҾͲˣǸ鴤޲ϱѽǰ˸ж˿ˡ
Ǻǣ˵Цˡ£ʧˡ
ɻûתأ˾޾סҵ֡
ʲôл˵ϵһޣһֻֽӹͯϵĲ񱭡
û˵Ҫô˵϶ȸҳһޡ
͸Ըô¹
Ҫ˵Ը˵𣿡
ڲ΢΢һЦš
ǲͳˣɾǧԸʲô˵ΪСʱ˳ۣССƢ˾ͼǵڣӺҪҸͶһβԲҰճģµݼҾֻʣѾµĸ磬оˣⲽأٲԸкã
ԭСô׾ˣһΪһƢû˿ֵĹأб¡
ţ׾ҪǵܿôıƸˣ
ǰҪܿܵһԵĴħͷһǲǣ
⻰ֻϹֹô֪ģ
ƣ˭ҶǼֱǲҪ˰ⱳĵĹάԽ˵Խˡ
Ȼһ㶣ŵ´ңƺǴԱ߼ɽͻȻĳĺһ
˵֮Ҳ˵ֻһ죿ϸһɲǼй
˻䡣ǣЦۡ
ۿʼЦνǱ߻ֳ㣬һֿݵġӣͰͲˣմһֵĶ͵òʧˡϹﵽĶ𣬾۵ĶǹǲƯƯƤ֮ģ޲Ϊ塣
ãʲôʱ治Ը¹ʵ̲ȥˣҰɡ
ôģ
ЦµĻݲݶлһƬˡ
㲻˵˻𣿺ο˵ڼҲͦʹ֦ķ˿ɵ׻˰
˵ޣһ죬ͯͽӹϵıӡ
㲻£˵ôһˣ
ԭҪȥǱߵľ͸ϽŵĨˣ˭





 17 

緹ûԵĻһɡ
һɵ飬ŵðżˣ緹ˡ
ûǸԹˡ
ұǽٵ£۾һϹ
ѾıûҲǱ¡
Ϲɼһ춹⣬Ҳ̧һ¡
ҡⲻ˾۸ˡƲ죬Ϲôھ;ѻ
ҧ˿ڸ⣬عͷ;𣿡
ֱǼϡҲңûһ͵⽣Ӱ͸ðˡ
ı˶ˡимûģ
ָɵ˿֣ܽһͳôĶ岻尡
ûҪ׷ɱ㡭
ڱǲǣҳӵͷñ˵ҿͺһʯͷĳԽ˵߻˴ĵط
úóԷġϹÿӵβһɵͷ˻ͷʰһ£ǾͶ
סһҪߣӣ˵ʲôʲôˡ
ԽԽԾˣȻܹô΢

εĻʹˣϹҳȥ˾͹ˣټ̵һͱɽׯһ˵ǺƺƵҲΪ
ȻСĳûˣҲˣǸ׸˫ӰƫҪҸһͲʲôˣҾͱڳ˯Ⱦˡ
ȥģ
ȥ뱤
ȥ𣿻ôһ𣡡
ִ￪಻
ÿһεִᶼٰ죬ʱλӢۺúһչ֣ƾԼ湦֮λ
ͷ
˼ҷǲ٣ôһ湦û͵ܰλ𣿡
ѵ־ûˣλϴ˼ˣҲһҪҵæŴ´֮λֵõ
˫ӰһʹЦ㻹˼˵ҪһǵģݼҸ䵽ֵز
ĺĺ˫ӰǷѵޣǼݼң˭֪ʲôаƵ׼ݼ¾ҲҲܺˣҾ
ȵȣ˵ݼҲܺģ
ݼһܣ
һΪʲôùֶΡʤ˫ӰЦɻࡣ
Уֶοɶء룬ǼùľûУҲΪûùЩĵֶ㣬Ȼֱ׳ˣݼҵ̴ӺⶼҲˣƫƫҵ֮ϣ˵ɺ޲ɺޣ
𣿡˫Ӱ°ͣô˵СӵĹɲⰡ
ôû֣
˼ҲҽֵĻᰡĻǵţ˵˭ֱ˻
˵ĵǣȲ˵ФɪǸѶԸĽǶƾֻøƽ֡
šλѱŶ
úúãɲͷλѱϹۺ˫Σһ໥ɱã
໥ɱϹôǲ֪ϵܾͰׯһҪأھҲǸĥĸҲһλΰɡ





 18 

뱤ɽԶ·͵ˣȻ˫ӰĥǼҲʵĵúܣ۳ǰһƬԽԽҾ֪Ӹþˡ
ǸͷӵûʲôĶӾ鷳ˡ˵ϹºСʱǸͷҪʲôʲôԵòˣʹĿΪݼҵʽŽСһﳤǷۿɰܵϲɺþС˾ͱˣȥһѧɹûҹң뱤̬Ҳǲ䲻ġߣŤС
һ˲Ӭı飿˫Ӱתͷһ䡣
б۾ˡ
ǲֻϻӢһӱ߳Ա˵
ʲôϻ
ϼҵһֻĸϻ
˫ӰһͷˮǲҪ졣
ϱãô֪
Ϻˣ
Ȼ˫Ӱ͸ͣĵͷ
ôû뵽ݵҲ̫ˣ
磬СĻӿڳ˫ΣһͰˮ
˫ӰһץҾſڳȥ
ſţϽŸСүҿţ˫Ӱϣĵɽ졣
ûһᣬŲ᧿ΣʱһС˳ˡ
ʲô˸뱤ҰСʮ㡣
˫Ӱôһȥ˴룬ɵžһʱ˿ڡ
ū÷߳ߣ뱤Ϲܡ
ϹܣСүֻûڽϳ֣ŵС˶ͷˣ
˫үˣСū£۲ʶ̩ɽðϹūѹͷ˵ߵͷЦһ̧ͷǼңһĻҲ˶ˡ
ιҳôôһĶС
һԵūͷϹͻȻû;ú棬Ƥһƴ˴漴Ц˳
ϹܣôһƼƯ¶
ϹɫĵͷһūʲôʶĶ㻹Ǹҹسջȥ
ιιҪѵҲǽȥɡ
ϹƳһۣ⣬˫үǵūȥͨһɡ
ͨǵȵˣֻļλɵȲˡ
ԱŲŲƼļλһ˲ϲ亹롢룬λ
һ˾ͺƺƵĽϸұ˫ӰǰҪǴ˿ǰҪԶʲôһ᲻֪ΪĿϷ





 19 

ִ˵뱤죬뱤μִĸ·úŽϼסĶߡ붫֮ԶˣҪ߸СղŵˣΪϵ飬ʱ͸ɴӶŰᵽţϹܰڴһȥͰδء
С㣡С㣡
ôô찡ߵſϸԽԽϺŮ
ˣ֮ǰƺһ̤ɵһûӦ֮ǰһ͵ؽ󳶡
㰡ĸϻҲա
ģ́ͷҲŷָղվĵطĸϻ;ײ˿˵Ҫ˰ҳҾҪĸϻˡ
ϺɨһȦˣɫơ
ɽׯ̣¹ǲµĵܵҲˣôҲСĵ
ŮᲱб۵ģҾ
ǶҪɱǰҿҲû֡
ǲܣ˭˵Ҫɱˣһֱûľϸϸü
㣡Ϻ۾һɣףűǿԣ书֮ϣݸֶıߵģû˻
ϼҴСôк˵𣿡˫ΣҲü
ⲻֻͦϹЦеģһСƢ
Һȣ䡣
һ˲ĳĬһ̶Ц
Ҳ仹㲻䣿Ϻƽңһָҵļ硣
㲻䡣ҿ۾˵
ҪõģһѴ֣һŭûôʽڣܵջص֣ʹƳš
Ϻһŭһʱûзֲԣ书᲻÷ϣ
ۺ˫ΣüͷšĸһͿ⣬ɻĿֿһĲɵϹ
ÿĴ
Ϲ̧Ƶĺ˿ڲ裬ȵۿҪóſڡ
ʲôûֻѰѰòףÿѶҩǳһĳԣһܵ²Ѿˣôõ¡ϹЦһֳ򦣬۶ۣ᲻ˣ
ǣû̾Ѵˡ
ɲǷɲ⡣
ԾҪִڴ˵֮ˣ
ֺαؽץ˲Ϸأ
˫˸ĻϢ
ֻǸϸ΢仯ʹڵȻ
ǰϹЦݵʱŻ͸ѹȸУֻ糣һЦţȴиʤɱɢ˿
Щ̫ҲЩ̫£ǰǺֻ֪ܿ߱ȴǻ޷ƵȥӽȥҲ֪ǶԶԶһ֪ҪԽԶԽãǡϹǹµĶģһƳҪĻ꣬һ۾ʮɺ쳾ĸԸݳһĻĻĺϷԶҲֻЦȻһЦҪӴ׷ݡ
㡭Ϻۻأŵſھ˽ͣ˿ڡ
֪ϺһֱҵԭΪԼĵܵ߸ģһųҪҵϹºݼңһһμϹӴٲҲûʲôԭҲãϹϵ˼ȷ٣ϺԵľԽԽ
бҪֲҰ²ţ˵ʲôɶģҲɼ





 20 

Ψһ¾Һ룬׸ݣ̫ƽˡǵصҵĶľš
㡭˳˳ҵ·
ҲͷС԰ף϶߳亹ˡ
ҸҿɲҪǳͷûվһ߲˫ӰǸΨ²ҵĶĲҶһ򲻹һءοˣǴˣܾãһӮһҲǺõģһһ
ž̲סЦת˲Ŀⶼ䵽
ݡû˸ղŽɱ˫ӰһɾͽˣȻ¶Цĳ
̫ҲУƲƲ죬ϣȫ𣬶һǻԼϡ
С㣬˰ɣûˣȥԷɡһͷɾͿڡ
ŶŶⶼʱôûкģ˫ӰһͣĿһϺ
ɿСְһȦһ͵Ϲܡ
ҿӶɳˣιιιֲǲɻҲڳô
λԶˡδܡҴҸϹЦ˵־ͱҵɻȥˡ
ϼһ˼Ҿ͵ͷĺϰߣ˵ϰҪһʱ̾͸ҲͦѣǱȼ˻
иëϲʱʱһɵɫСҿǲòÿζҡ˿̵ɫ˵ϺҲ˵ϻֿһʵĥʲôŷˡ
ȵ緹ҶԼĿͷҲŴ˿ѧˣϵҲҪٳˣǶ㱻˯Ǻֵģ˶ＷڸȥҲȥˣþСмҵ˲٣ԹҿڽϽеֶͷĴһҶﲻ
ܹһ壬˼˵ϻ壬Ƣֵ󣬸ɴˤ̲ˡ
ۣǰһĨڣѾǺҹˡⲻѵûʲôһѾ;öˡ
ˣԷ
ͻȻһͷŵ
֪ˣ
Ϲҹذɣ
ұŵĲᣬ˳
һЦ򣬡
⽥ҿĲһסﹾ๾Ľо˼߹ȥϸһ˺Ȼð
ΪʲôȥԷ
ﲻһĸʶҵҲֻ֪ʲô¡ǵķ䰲ţ˵Ƕʱ䲻סʲôˣҲţǻ˴뱤Ƶ
Ҳ֪Լ£ụ̂黹ҷ׼Է
Ŷ
Ҫ治Ըȥָͷ֮׼š
Ȱ˿ڷҹͷģ
ŪһЦ˯š
һڷûʱġ˵Ҹôڴǲصͷˣûʲôֵֹҩ
Ұһۣһ鼦⡣벻뱤Ļʳôã˱¹ĳյûãɽ亣ζҳԹֻ಻٣ܰѼ򵥵Ĳɫôζġ
뱤ʲôʱôõĳˣ
óԣ
ϹҲиëϲ˳ԶȻ˲졣
ݼҵСĻãǲס
ſֻ¶һ˫۾¾ġ
ܵСĿ佱Ҳǳӵˡ
һ㣬ǰѿڶˡ
ұˣȥ˯ˡ
ճԱ˯ָסҵ·
ҪǲڷɢϼȦȥ˯ģܲ
ۺ˵ʲô
Ҫ¹ȥˣ˵Ըҡ
ôشģ
۵Ϊֲǲ֪гرôģҲţ˵ô಻ΪҲûôûƼж඾𣿼ֱҪҳƵġ
Ǿܾˣ
ҵͷŲҪҼûܾҲûͬ⣬ôҪԼ·ܾǳںĿģֻҪϹܻа취ġ
Զ֪ж˽㣬ǧҪƭҡ
°͸ֱϲͷߵĲ׺һ뿪Цգͷһ
ִˣҪ׼
ʲʲô׼ԼҧͷɴҲϾΪһЦҾȻ顣
Щˣкܶ˿ܣǿ϶ἤϳô죿
ǵ졣ѧ˸ԣʵʵ˵
硭Ǻãȥɡ
Ǵ磬û°ɣô죿
û˵㡣ӣ˸ѹ˿У쿪ʼÿһ㣬ִҲˡ
㲻ǡҪ𣿡
ֻЦȻһҵϵأԹ⻬Ĵķ·һ㣬ϸ
Ժеǻᡣ׻˵ץҪɱҿĵȡ





 21 

ѪҪȥ̫ͷҾڻһë壬˿ֵģҪ˵жȾжȡƿӰֵʹһۿȥĴ˵൫Ҳ١
㣬㿴ɽֻǲǷҵģ
ҿȥһۣԭ̫ԲλˣŴװǺɣ㻹ƽ˫ͤ̽Ϲһġ⡱֣͸߲ǸƯ
һǷҶүġ
ģô֪
Ϸ۵ľӣĪϲ黭˵һ֮ϳ¥ԺȥͼżҲˣʱ䳤лԷϷ˾صΪĪһޱȵĻ֮˶ϴ˲⾳£˻۱ء
ڿ
㿴һûʱͱʾӷʱͱ˿̲ܴţȻҪġ
ɵС뿴
ɨһ۴ϵɫҲû˴ùү
ûϵڲͶˣ
ʲô˼
ҪϷٵĴ
תȥˣʱץס
ܵõͦ죬ֻ̾ŷĪĴԽԽֱСֻʣһ֮ľ룬СıҲӾȶ˾ϲ
ݡС㣿
ʱܻ˴գ㡭λǣ
СĪŮ
ŮۣɡôС㡭
СڷĪź黭ҲС㡣
뿴Ǽү
û˵꣬Сҡͷ֡
вУүǲڳġ
ǡ
С㣬ΪˣҲóȻȥ˵㡣Īб߷ھ;óȻīһɢһǻȥ϶ɢīˡСüͼǡ
㡣ͻȻҾǽһֱҪʲôԽڵݣָɡ
Ҫһָоڵ״ǾͺñֻӬһơһ˵ʲôҪȥ˵Ϲ֪ҵùҪȥ˵Խݣҵù
ʲôһֻ˻յֽš
һѩˣĪ۹Ƕû˵
ɲҰ˴ͷֶ꣬ˣ̣Ƶȥ
ɹǰΣص£ƫؾдŵķԲûȺб㲻ǰһƵǿҵĴڸУ˲òע⵽
ˡ촽³Ƶ
겻˾ֺÿ˲٣첻ۣ̫ˡ
СС衣
ɵɫ̫ãðɣҳһҺԽС
үڿɲʲôСˡҽסôҪһӡ
嵭ü΢壬
ϻȻ
ǱˣݼҰҲòҲãֻҪԶС㡣
Ī簡Ī磬̫ˣҿԿǿĻ
ү̧ˣС뿴֪
ɡδһۣת˻ա
վǰһֱңȻЦһŸ˽ȥ
ҪĪһ˼ۿ⵱ȻҡүÿǰҪҪҪԹſûµʱǴģΪֻзĪִʱҲŻ̾д˵ˡˮīζŲŵѬ¯һϸµķѩľţŷĪüǡˮңȴμѩį͹¾ȻˣЩпҲֻ֮ʱƽĪͲˡ
ǽ̫ȣиڳǷĪ첻״̬֮ҿû̾ͰתһҹŵͼˡĪһֵʣбίֲʧк߰ڵСŮ̬ҲȻüĿ֮г㣬ôе㲻ζԽԽûһôôϤһ绨ûһʶõģˡ
үడ˴ǷĪ껭ˡôĻ˵ֻڻͬһ˰ɡ
Īűʵһ٣漴ȻһЦĬˡ
Ц۵زʣȻ
Сøô˶ΪǣҶǣҪūҪġ
˼벻ˣͷܷŵˡ
仰ޱ˵ģȻɣҾ֪Сûô
ɣĪ۾̵ϣҿŶЩ𡣡С˵ҪһҶҪ㻹ٱĴ۸
Сҿɵû㣬⼸ܵ仰ɺù˲١
ɰһվתߡ
㶲ѹϹֻ֪Ҫܸˡ

̤ȥҽͣͣͷ˳Ц
ҵøŻȥϼ
صûգΪüɵỵҵ飬ǾİõڴͷŴӷĪǶ˳һӽϵֻź





 22 

ùڷﱳڹķȱ˾ˡ
˷Ī磿ûôе֡
Ǹ⡣ֲҪȥҲҪȥġ

ûСתײ۾һ˲û
ǲŭҲǳﾹһƬŵĺãĳּŨҪƿƬڰ̫ܸһִһ˲ͻ޳һ
ͷֵֹģһƵسʪСϰƽǰɢЦʹֻ˾ëȻЦȴ˿İúãҲǳĲ
㡭ҡûáǸɸ˵ʲôĵԼ֪˵ʲô
㲻ǺԼ˽𣿡˵ıŤɬҸˡԭͼֻڻ㣿
ʲôûҡǰҴһ٣һʱûҽйС书֮Ҵ򲻹ˣҲֻСͼǴӵһƼҿʼˣҴûԸ
Щ˶һѡģʱɫˣһһλҲϡ棬һûһǴصġͻȻʶһ£ǲصģԭÿһҵӰӺϣϸһЩ˶ЩطǺƵġ
ҪԼΪ𣿡
ȫǸɺҿԽ͡ҿȴ˵һֺ֣αҪͣʲôɽ͵ģ
Ҳ˵ҡҷҿŲ̫ʶüȻסƬ̴̧ʱѻָƽʱģ
ˡ
һ㶣ʲôˣ
ȴҿڵĻᣬתߡ
ι㲻ˣû״𣿡߾߰ɣĪŪƵĲУʲô°ⶼ
ͷһ۾Ų԰׵ȴ쳣һûۡ
ڶһֽʱŵֱ
һϲô㲳ˣ
û˯á
ǡҪ˵İ˵óϹϴθ·
ʲôҲĿ֡
ѵ봩Ų¾ͳȥ
ʲô⣿Ҵӵ¹һǲġ
ɹ˵ҪǴ·ί
Цһί֪ίˣ
˵ҪȥˣüҪ̲סЦҲŻȥ
⡭
˵ҽͲȥˣҲûʲôãϰˡ
ϰ̫µĶֲϰߣ޳˹





 23 

ֵӰ˵СС˵ҲΪ˲ʶҵġ
ô·ģ۾Ϲ˲ɣ
۾ǲ̫ãϹȻôܿ˵ĺӡ
ļҵѾͷģȻã
Աһģ۾ȴתĿȺӡ
ƢԽԽˣҪǰ˸ô˵粻֪˼˶
ʲô㻹ûǹӵǸأһקסҡ
˭˶ĵزҪҵǸƾ˲֪ˣοֲҵĴ
Լײġ
ʲôͷССһѾͷȻ˵ǵĲǣĸӲС
֪
˵ǴʵǱǲȥźˣҵȷǲ֪
ǰΪˣ棬Ƿ̾ͱˡʵҲûǷ
ǺֲЩ򣬵һ֪ǸֻŪƯʽ廨ͷڣԸ´࣬ƫƫֻϹɣٻе
ʮҲδҵΪĹϵѲһأʱѾʼˡһζԸ֮ûôۣΪûʮоͱסˡ
ҵ۾һ˲ƮԭںӵϿһĨ⣬ģô¶Ҫذɣ
ţһצҵĲӡ
ĿһѵվҪɥڴˣ
ӣ֪ϵ˭һȴѹ͵Ʈ
һ̧ͷҺϷȥһ㶣Ӳ㶼֡
Ȱ̴øϽ֣Ȼȷһᵽֻ¶λкùӳԡ
ʲӲĿһۣųһ־ͱֽƬһɼǵѪڡ
ʺѪʱһ˺ѷεĲҽһߵӿҲˣһ͵˵ϡ
Ӧô
̫죬͵һͷ۵վǰķĪ磬ϿȥһϹº衣
ҿؿһ۵ִҴұ𿪣˸
ͻȻһĶҵԭǷĪӸҲȥϽѪ
ôִ᲻ȥ𣿡
û㣬ĪһϸϸĲţһ߻ش
ëбɵһۣһȥȥֲҪ
˵С㣬Խݡ
ͻȻеһĪĹ죬ѰȥͿϹºֱ񣬿ͷƤ飬Զ˷ĪϵӺҲһͨ
ôô죿
ãҰӻתԼŵĵùҽ鲻ãǵù
һʶһµǰš
һĸо
šǡ
ߺˣһɫӰԺӡ
ҾͲΪʲôÿڣ˾ͱضҪһ֣Ҳ֪ô϶Һһ˵ġ
ϹȻǴô򵥣֪λúܾˣǶϵݼ¹Ҫ𣿶ȻҲʲôֵˣ֪᲻кϷɿ





 24 

ұԿͺõλãʱӹԸˣ˫ӰúƫҪʩṦӹӰصλϣĿҲ˻ҪҲţǺǵ߶ӳϲתˡ
ǲ𣿡


Ѿϳˣ˫Ӱǹģ
˫ӰҪںδĪ΢üʵ
˫Ӱһ㶣ע⵽ĪĴڡ
ⲻǷҶүôˣǷҵλÿڶ氡漴һȻ򣬡Ŷ׷İɣ㿴ҶͿˣ㡭
ҺĲੲݵĳһţ徲Ƭ̡
ſǴ򰡣ʲôֲһ֡
СβҲ̨һԣǼʶʶݼҵĽεĲһ
ĸҪļһѰȥǼİǰͲмȥССɣð˭Ըҽаˣɤðʵûסȥĸӡ
Ϊҳȥ̫죬ĪûзǸҪļһͳȥǱ뺷һҲˣҳŷӦ
Ҫͱ֪ĶһƬĻָĸָϣٶ̫̫ݣһʱ侹ѪûüӿûеʹгһҵӰҴһϡ
ŵ˵ģЩϤ㡣
ǻµФɪ䲻ȵһ䡣
Ҫ¾ͲˡһЦɿӵ֡
һʱûվǰһ£һֻûĸо
λϣĿһۣ֪ڲûзӦ
ôͻȻˣԱߵӢֵʵ
ұˣ˭ʢŭбͻȻڰתһȦûġ
ոջ˱ĸ⣬ھûˡţФɪžת̨ˡ
ǸȫţǰѰѼܵװܵʹСҪЩܵסŶӢЦûûεġ
ҪҲһѣҡӣһϷƵı鿴ŲϹQ
ĶȥŪڶôܴһѵӵǧ񣿡
˭˵Ҫǧˣΰ㡣
ۿӢĽѳʣФɪһֽ˻ȥ
ÿζǿߴǿһöԹ
ӢһФɪһȥˡ
ôѶԸҲԻжĴ㡭һ̸ֱľ鿴˳ʵ
еǹ֮ΥӢһ¾һ䵽ԼŵڶתһֱФɪϵĴɱ
ФɪЦЦı飬һھƣűͻȥˡ
üӣƲͽȳķ罫Ĺ켣ٴαˡ
ĻڰһȦòͣҲ˷ĩΪһȣȵ˴ͷβһûԵϹֳ֧ͷȺȲ迴ߣһĨʢЦûûӢ¾ˡ
ˣСĸ֣ӢŻʵ
ʲô֣
ô㲻ȥһ
һС˵һʲôҲҪȣҪ
οѶָҲʱ˵ҳһϹȻûʲô֤ݣһǿҵĸоҸոճֵĿ϶
СǿһչĵߵʦܣǬͼ
֪ĵϹº裿ҷʡ
ǲ㣬Ϲº뱤ˣʽͽܶϵ̨ǧ
ҲҪʼЦҲϵ̨ⲻų̂ͱϹȡʸ





 25 

ǷĪ磬ϹͬһĿûɵĳһ¡
ϹתͷĪ磬۶һǹΧ羰ġ
Īк£һ䣬ֻһʱҾͳһ亹
Ϊƽǰϲһ߿ϷȴʲôǼŭҲܱ沨˲ֲһԣһ˵˹
ҪȥҡĪò˹
λù𣿡ԽƮ쵽ˡ
Ҫҵٷˡ
ϹûЦ⣬ҿһ÷ĪҪǣסңûϸҾһ¡
˼Ҳ̫ԸءȻϹЦ⡣
Ī㶵Ŀңһ˲Ȼ
Ը⣬ҲˡϹվαͦ޳һ޳УҶҪ̲ס̾ӺݹȲ˵¹ˣлԼˣ֮һݲɡ
Ϲα˾ҪƵֵز
Ϲʼ߹Ҹˡ
һĪȭ
áϵľܾϸ׾˳˶ǰ鷢̫ȣҲϲ
Եʾҵܳûи˶֪ΪϲһֽݼҴݻٵˣȻô˵ȾٶûзҲû
˵ΣҧгݵķĪ˿ѾǺ޲óˡ
ΣҪôҵʬȥˡ
ţȻ֪Ϲղʲôҿ϶һͿˡ
ֱ̫Ϲϲ¶Ըģ
ΪڲԸô˵ϹЦЦοԼԸġ
һʱֿ죬ĸȻô¡
ڷҵ治ԸȥģǸôԼĶӣȥҲʲôӹû˼ȥëûһմϱߵġ˵ܲ쿴ĪдɣңŲҪԼ˷ĹԼء
Ī翴жิˡ
治Ը⣿
ʵͷʲôطûݼĺá
˵һҲֻһ˲ѡ
ãҲǿ㣬һһĸԸҷŵġ
ֶ
˿ĮȴʵǸۣ϶һ¾Ͳ֪֡
һǵۿ뿪ıӰƵĲС
ôִҵЩĲˡϹҵĪ⣬Ҳ޹ȥ᲻Īôܲʲôί
ûɵģһɻ𣬡ëղŲ˵˵ʲôڣ˵ʲôĲôĵĻҸͷҲͷҪҲȵ죡
֪ôϹʵ֮٣Ҳͬ۹⿴˰ɡ
ԺأϹǲŭ
ʲôԺ󣿡
׼ֺˡ
ֻۣŨܾĽë
Ҳܡ
ãס˵Ļ
̧ʱü۴Цܽ˿óˡ
Ұҿһ˲ɫ˵ûгɾ͸ƭ˵ģҲİõš
ҲûҾͿʼһˮ㵲סӿ
ôû˯ã
òʡµʱҸеƮԼԼҶ˵
𳳣ٳͷұۻҪǸ
𶯣ˤϲɣ
иȻսҳʹһʱҲҪȥ
ܹ̫Ҳںδʲô״Ҿһͷ˯ˡ





 26 

˵Ͳһν֣ǷƱɫʾףԭܽǱЩʱա
ôӢŲûͷûԵһ䡣
Ⱥºܣ˰࣬ǲ˵Ҿ;ܣҲվҲǣ֮ʲô˫۾ţЩƮֶ˽
СǲΪõѵٻȱݻȻܽŵӶСĳֲһʹ뾽˵Ҹ̨Ҫǹ
˰ɣӢһϲߵţԼˣҿ˳ǹʶ֪㲻У̨¶ѡ
бȥһֿ
ΪҲ밡ɹФĳȥһˣûʲô¡
Уµ˱Ҵ̣̲סˣ
ûôСˣ˵˭˭һء
Ա߿üë۾ӿòֺתעо΢õ㡣һǵõʱֳõλӲǵרҵģʱյĿֻĽ㽣ʶ¶ģЦȴ洦ɼڵ
˿ڲһü˵⻹⣬ôͺԵĲôأ
θڣߵ˴ͷβֻȾƲˡ
㲻ζ̫𣿡
˿ھֻЦԾͱˣһȥԺö
ôãһɵĿһۣϲŭ޳˵ŭŭ˿ġ
ʲôɣ
ٱһ٣ЩЦĿһۡ
ûģȻô˵Ҳùǲǣ
ԾĹ˵ľˣֻĿɿڴĿ
ɣ˯ţɴٳһҹΣ
ҹһǳԵģ˵
ӡʱڸתһȦˡ
ʲô

˵
Ͻɣÿȥһ飬ûһǲŵģһƻҲ֪òۣǼҳٶ۵ٶ۵ûֿܵסġ
ԣ߲ǻһǲԣҪ˵ҵֿסԼ˵Լٶˣ
ϹһЦ͸ԴЩζ
㿴ļҵùĺӣ֧ҲùĨǵģֻǣΪʲôҪ˳⣿
ֱ׳úܣһûб𴩵Ρ
ð죬뱤һҾܵˣһϲãľƲ˺ɫԱ˾ºóԵĶˡ
ԭ뱤ķͨ˼˵ѾϺõˣʿִǲСϲںȾƴڳġϹһ˼ҿǺŽ׳ĴүнޣԸҲ۵Ĳ˵ġ





 27 

ɫϹĲţ治ԾҲĲߡҹɫị̄ͦܳģԭϾԴһ֮ʲô¶νӣϲһ֧ͷ໰󣬺һ¹ããҹɫ㣬ɽǰһһϷȴ쳾бһĨװס
ۣһǽɫ̫ãҲŻ뷨ġ
ôûɣ
ţعͷһֻ̫֡Σˡ
¹ϸ¹ǽڷϣĺ͸̫Ưһʱ޷Ҳ֡
ֹỬϸ壬΢˿һ㡣
ھͲΣˣ
ʦڡ
ҾҪվ
һЦ㲻ûȫ𣿡
ԲѣȻô˵ʲô˵ײؿڣҪץסݼţȻôһ˵ʱ
һ·˶û˵ȴѵõľá
û߶ǰ˵ƹ⣬Ǹõ˰ɣ˵жûмˣ
ûʲôģ

ϴθ·û㴩ǲǲϲ
ϹôͻȻôˣ
·ڲʺҡ
ڵʺϻʺˣ
ҲЩ˿õʲôˡҵ㾿ô
ôõ߹Ȼһ˿Ѻۣ˵Ҹô
ʲô˵˵Ļһ䵽زԽ˵Խ
һ˲ı䣬ֻܿʧˡ
һδֻţ
ѵôã˵ҳԺóԵ˵ҪҾȻɷ˷羰Ȼ˵ʵ
ǸҪӡ
һǿҵѹȸУҼ͸
ãġ
ǣǰߣ̧ͷһı鶼ңΪղŶ̶̵һ˲̫̫̹ġ
Ρֳ轿ݣֻΪϹ̬̫ҾԼʲôСÿζ治˼Ҿǿ㣬Ӱ㵱ˣأԭα¶˴˳ĽѵˣϹ˿£
ʱϲ˲࣬Ϲһ̤ȥСͷӭǰõż䡣
ЩȲ˶Ҽһʯ㣬ζѵãɾǱȲ뱤ǸС
ǲθڣ
á
ʵھζͱˡ˵վһ¡
¥С˵˼仰СͰӺ档
Ź˰յ費СһͨҺɵĳһڶʱˡЩҳԵĶԭǳϹ֣֮³֮ãҪôһֱΰɡ
һ̲˶һϲζ
ƵĿһɣֻҪҲݼҵ²ֲ̫ȵĵߣͺܺ˵ԶҺõ˼ĵز
¹γһû˳ĳգ
ûСʵĻش𣬰ϣ뱤ԹηҾ¹γ
ļٵİ˲̫⣬Ҳôһ˵ء
ȡ˱Ѿƣ۾¥£￿㿴ǲǳģ
³һۣʶ
Ҳ˵ʲôžƣһһ
˵Ҫô죿
ʲô
ԭ͵죬ܳԵù
벻뿪˵İɡ
ɽׯҲãҲãҲãһǺöԸģҪǶԸ㡣
ΣвõԤУʼĻš
ҪߣܿסһΣٴǧأҷѾ̫ྫˣΪܵõһõĽƺÿһζʧ
ˣոпһεӲ͵شĻݣһֿ־С
˾ʲôʱý˵Ļ۾оͺΡ
뵽ϵǸİϹ
ҡҡû˵Ҫ뿪¹ȥĵط
ΪһֲĵӿǷ̫ҵʹһֱͷҲ˫Ŀһŵľ⡣





 28 

һٷ˺ܳʱ䣬˲ϲ͸޼ˡ¿˿˺û뿪˼
ʲô·ˣ
ѾѾֻڶˣȻԽԽѵơ
Խɵˡ
˾ռʲô£Һûڡ
ǵˣ
ǵʲô
ÿ˶ҪݼȥȾƵģȻ˿Խɡֺ˼Ҳ꣬˵ﱾѾһҪûˣȻͲ׵û
ҵôԼ˵˾ռʵҲûʲôӡ󰡣ǵ۸ڶеһˣܼǵѾܲ˺òá
Ϊһʮɣ
ǼҵĴ֮ôòѧгɣ൱ֵûˡ
ô˼ҷˣ˶ֻжµķݣƫÿǵöЩͷһһѶԸ
ôǰˡСοЩõĶˣûʣġ
Ϲҡҡͷ캬̣˵Ķһ£ʹԱ˵ǱҪĶҲһĲֵ
һᵽǰδеľȸУвûֵ˼ɾͺһ޵ؿݡ
ûУ
̧ͷѯʣʲô
Ǽ㣬Ǿʹ˶ϣ
ȻǾʹ˶Ͽ
һҾȺˣΪǰЦꡣ
һ˰͹ȥΪ
˵ĺףϳһͱ⣬ҧ˵ıֱ֪ݺݵذһ
ô̵棬Ŀĺصֻ档
粻֪ҵȥˣʲô˵һ㶣ɣҺ궫
ꣿüЦ൱ǷᡣȥЩ̣ӶҵģҪʲô
˿ȥ㡭ݼҿṵ̂
һüȻ˲ˬ˭涨ҲݼûĶ
ģ˵ָֻܲ㡣ҵôû͵ʦһָأ˭˳ҵҲˣ
ΪԺ͵ҽƵİɣҪ浽׼ԹҪôջеʯҪô⳥ҵʧŵִӣƵһӣЩＴʹҶܰ׬٣̫ˣǿ˶ټ۶֪
¶µ֣Ѿݶ˼ܡ
԰Ϲôӵһˣöķˣһɣ϶ʲô֪û˷ȻԤ׵ʱݺݳһӣ˺ѷΣƫƫʹֶûɺóڡ
УСǵóȥһйɣȻҪˣޱȷߺ޵ǰˣѹѹĺڰһӣ˼治ɫüͷһµĿ





 29 

߳ϲ浹һƬĵƻͨɼûҹжôá
һȥû߼̾£ԽǼ˾͸
С㡣
һͷһ˺ºڷҪǲ˵û¶һڰһ治ע⵽˭ͺڻҪվڰ
ͨʱҪһ䡰ʲôܽȥԻˣҾֻǿʵǺһôܺڳ
˲ȻĿһԱ̫ܲεĲǵĿģСȥˡ
˭һ䣬˼ǻ̫ˣ¶û֪ɵġ
ֻ˼ҺǾǺܵһ䣬һûҲζӲɽҲɶأ
Խɳֱ䡣
룬βȶأػصشһᣬֱҶ﷢ëҲ֣µҡҡͷ
ʶ
һ㶣ûʲôӦԾһһ֪ССȷѡ
С۸ڶԣһǲ١
Σ񣡡
ɣ˼ҾͽСˣȻһ֣ǿԴպš
Ҳ̫·㻹ΪԼǳΪָ·ɣʲôҪסأ
С㣬롣һơ
˵Ҫȥʲô𣿡
һ㶣ɫ漴С˵ء
ô֣ûķ˷ۣ֪һͲ鲻λ
Ϲ֪ʲôʱת¶̨ϣȾơϷ¼ӳĲ⡣
һٽܲ־Ͳ֣ȰǲУݹˣ
Ҳûð⣬һסҪ˵ĳṳ̂ڶ
ߵС˿ɲð⻹Ǻ⣬һʼԸڳĵڣҺѾʮˡ
ʱҵµĻ±ನɨĶ׷׹˵ţҾ¥ҲвʿԱ˲ȾƵģֵĶ̽ͷڴڡ
Ը֮ǰֻѾ۵Ĵ˵иСˣֻٲҾҪ֧ˡ
˾ռʦܳԭúÿϷ˺Ȼ˿ڡ
Ҫץҵһ̧ͣͷ䱸ĿϹ
Ҫִ£
˺˿ھƣҡҡͷ˵ǰץȥΣ
ʵȫԱ֮²жѵģҲԵ¹ĹϹǸ˵ֱ̫ˣȻʵʵ˵
Ȼǹ黹֮
ҪǶô죿
ƺûпǹԣ㶡
ôܣ
ôܣ
Ϲ仰óû˷־֡
֪ϣ
Ϊϡ˵ʹóһɫӨͨѩ׵һȻš
߼˵ɫһ䣬Ȼһ۾ͿߵСҲ֣ͣҿǽֱ
Ϲ۹޵ƳңЦ
Ƿ¹һ顣֮ٻ
ָŵֶһ㲻ԥ
˳˳Ϳӹˣٶȿûôˣ
㻹Ҫã߸ϵƮ˹Ҳһ˳





 30 

Ҳ֪Ϲľôôãʹо⵫㲣˼ķ顣Ҹһȣͺѻͷˣɫ˿˾Ͷ㡣ϹǼûҲûʵҰͰ͵һϣһȥ˯ҪҼФɪһս
˯֧򦿴һͻȻڡ
ϻƤǻش
һЦǰǾϲھ¥ҹҹϸ𣿻ؼҵ·Ҫǿ˰̨Ҳúܾʱ𻹻ȥһܲ𣿡
ᣬзСˣ˸ҵСˡ
ʵ۵òо͸ɴſϺܹȥˡ
ٺһƷ̫ܹ˳пʱǰһƬȣǼմŵ㣬գһۣ˲ѡ
ҵĸоûдỬĴӦϺõĽвеġɫΪףߵӣͼɫʸţѤϸ壬޻һֽ̻ԻͰӺݻ󡣶·ֻôһˡ
ҪӮأߴ˵ΪЩģ˭
ᡣϷᣬ»ᾪŵʲôһ
˵Ѳ˦ϻṥ಻һԸ
ȷ׽ϵȱЩ顣
ô˵
һЦϸĿ

û˽̸ΧһЩģϸ档
ʲôѵФɪѾˣӮսĻ᣿
˯ˣиϷ˷
̧ͷ͸ļÿɿ񣬱һˡ
״׸˭˭ϹҪںδ㲻֪Ů˵ļжֲ𣿲Ҳ֪ԲŻôġ
ϹΪܺ𣿡ɫʵ
ҵһöûж
ʲôŵúܵͣƺѹĳ
ҶȤ𣿡ҲԾĹһĨЦǱ߿ҵӢɫľͱˡ
˵ʲô
˵ϹŲֵҷȥᣬ˲ͷ߹Цȴһɽǰף΢΢۽ѹ֣һ˲ܣ
ţòشѯʵĿ
ֱ۾𣬲ҸղŻûڡ
۾ͬŨīıӣ͸ŷ·ܰȥ⡣
˵תۺò˿ô뵱
˵ҪǸλ𣿡ԻҰɿ
ǲȻߺФɪʲô˼
ôӵȤȻġ
Һֵ̫ӣҶ˶ͱס
ҪʲôҲܺãš
ط˯
ȥôݵһˣôƫô
ȥֳʤǾˡ
ߣȥģ
ѾˣҲʰ÷ųˣһǾ̻
ô¹˰ɣ
ǹһֻ
˺ϲⷴ׻ǲԾľ˼·ߣЩԸ˵ĺ׵ľܱЩ޹ؽҪϡ
𣿷ȥ˵Ͳ˵һмء
Ϊʲô
ʲôΪʲô㲻Χ۹
ܲ
Ҿͦ
ȣ㲻ǲϲ
˵ҸҪƣִ򲻹
ԣ֡
һ÷ң庢һҵı־ޡ
ЩֵԽſŮ絶޲ܰҴɸá





 31 

ıǱŲţϹĻ˵̫ۡϲսپˣʹȭʵ޻ȴܸˣŪ̫עʽĻһʵȭ˾ͰĲˣһҾ¶Ǿö࣬ٳɼҲǰ˾١
ԼĻ̨ȴֲҪӮ㵽ʲôأҲȥźСû⣿˵ǰǸֵȥˣǸﲻסˡ
ǸϯĿ˿ΧĳĽƻ첻˵ޱȵʣɱɵ˲֪ˡ
һûΪʲôͻȻˣӲˣû׷㵹ˡ
һѣֱжһ㣬ȫԡ
תתۣʵʵ˵ˣ֪᲻ᱻ򡣡ҲǺϲ
ȻŭգɿɰﲻСϲˣ
ϲǲϲôΪʲô
΢΢һƫͷҡ
ϲǽ˶ϲĲۣ˲ϲǲмһˡСϲʲôϲʲô
ŪĿôĸоûɡ
ץץͷʵ£Լûʲôͷ
𣿡
Ҫ³ɹɹ̫ҲûʲôҪϴ߾Ƕ¹ӣ
סǣֻƤЦⲻЦźȲ衣
һ·ʵ̫ƽĵĳ̶ȣʲôɽٰ̨ˣǹӰûֱš
Ը뱤ģ˶డ»ûֿ
̫ĵĽǵҿʼʧߣҹʱڴϺϵ۵СۣȻ˼Ҹ˦ҵһǺŬĵɡ
ԭΪĪѾһƵˣϹһҲŷһɽһɽߡϹ˶ȤĶǲ䲻ȾǲŲʣҶԺطǳɢ鷳Բϲ֣ôǺҶ̵ˡ
ɾ۾ˣգۣɾһ˲һӰӴӹ˷ܵĴӴϵЬʹӴڷ˳ȥµգӰûУʱĴڱżķһ֨֨⾲ÿԺ͸Ŀֲ
ܸ֮˫ӰζͶ²Ȩֵģǰɽֹܳһʱû˸ɽΪҸ˫ӰҪǹʲô˰ҹɽ˭ֹ֪ɽͷȻסһȺˣǸɽѵ㡣Һ˫Ӱ˶ʱñƭˣ˵ͷ˰ѻɽҹɽûɽͷҲͺˣɽµĴӪɽϵĲҶȻҲһƬҲ֪иùµ˳˾ɽ˲˵Σ
ԺתһȦʲôɵĵطֻòʲԸȻط
֣ǹҾ͵һ˳һ⡣





 32 

ڶһҵһ˿ջĴų緹
˰ʱңҳԵһ̵漢ֱ½¥һ¶ϹʦǬͼ
簡к
˫÷ǳɫϷüë˶ұһ
Ȼô磿˿ϿյӺ㵭˵Ĳ衣
ҳգգۣ㼵ʣ
ֵʼ飬ǲܵġ
ɱʦȤˡҪǻ˾һһһСأߣһֱصĺòãǵġ
˵Ǽģɣ
룬ʦܺ˵ǳɽˮ˳ʶһִġ
ɽˮ˵εʲôɽ浽ʲôˮˣ
Դ룬ûС
ʦڲأǿɫľֻ뱤ˡϸһ£Ϲѡ·ֻƧһ˲ԸرֵֹС·г̸ϵҲʱߵ·ߣڻȥ˾Ȼ·ߣʲô鷳ɣ
㿴ˣкôԼһ»˾ǵù˵ɣҲ̫ˣץһ鲻֪ʲôʱĽƾʲôôǻҪ⼦СһĻ·
ǬͼܲȻĳ鴤һ£ʦúãӪз׬ǮԼĺʦʹ㡣
Ҳְ赶Ūǹ˸ֺ̳Ϲϵν̲飬׬Խ಻˵Խ
Խ˵Խ˾ʲôµ˾ͷϾ͹˲Χˣ˵ر鷳
һһ㶵ģϵıҲԽԽȻȨԼ˵ͷͷǵӰԶɵģ˳ץһҲ֪ʲôʱͿ
һҵۣҭˡһÿŵһߵˮȻһֻ˰ֵݹһ裬⣬ʮ𼱵ľ
ԷҪ˵û˽̹𣿡һƮŶһܡ
Ҷħԣȴ˿̴ŬĺһˮŪȥɣҪôʵϴǰ߹ϹǹأֹԼǹء
簡ǻۣû뵽ôСһҿջȻɸɾʳֺóԡ
Һ˵˵۽һޱĸ߸ϣ·һһС
ֻỽһҲκ˱ˡ
СʱģʲôʱʼôΣˣʶľᣬôǲϲ¡
ҿһ˿Ҳ͵Ϲÿζô¹ɱ֡
û뵽ôС˵Ͳˣ㻹
ֺȻͳ˿ͬʱ˿˷ĩ
ؿƯָ֣ϸ޳㾫£ȴ˿µɱ
ͷһ£̧ͷۣݵƬ̵ɱ⾭ɫڸ˻ȥ
ɱңȻ˲䶼ûУҪͷ
Ҫڵ²Ÿģ
ұ㣿Ҫĩúòã㲻˳ģһˬأ
磬磡һЦӯӯ¥ϴ
ϹëһȣĴ̧ƬɵЦ⡣
һҺɵλڻ˻Ҿ˳µıϵһȥˡ
ȵϲŭ޳۲۰Ƶĳ￪ʼ
һʵģƵ˯ţֻϵӿ羰ĽҰ˲ݾ˲ۻҸˡ
컹ǾҵģҾ֮һӰð˳
һĺôǳû˿ȫǿǰһţϹ̫Ϊû˸Ҵ¹⣬ֻΡҺءڵǱңһƿӾʹҡڵ˳ȫȻû˼һʱôصĺ





 33 

¾ڹôѵЩοҵĵӱͲСҲϲǰǺˣϲƾһʱ嶯£һô޿֣Ϊ˻ƺ
Ӱ³Ҳܻ䣬˳
η֣˫ֲ˾ԼúƵ̨ʡ
˵˭֣Ҳ±Ц
գ۾ҲȷûҲûۻֱǴ˵еɽ㰡
˵֣ʲôܳ
۴ӵһ죬񾭣ôþԼ
ҾԺûչӣôˣ߽ԽԽƯ˵ĸںʲôĿģ
᲻ôʰС·ô·㿪Ĳɣ
ԼһţƢȻ㱩ꡣ
°ͣ´ļҵС㣿Ϲ˰ɣһ·ǧ֮ܵ˰
ƨ˭Ϲˣĵȵɷǵˣ
ȻҲʲôö˵úã˵̫ˣǰ;̫ǰ;ˡ
ԶԶԣ
һ´չȥץס֣ҵķӦŪסˡ
ֹʲôأȻͣ
ָһˣüۡӣСڣǸ׼˶üкˬӢˣӦǸüŮкܡ
ʦ㣬ҵ֪ˡ
ĳأ
ֹһѹӳȻȻʦܵĳˡ
ʦкңҺһ㶡

ҳЦ˵ͷ
ϹΪʦ㣿ϹҵŮֲ࣬еļҲλ˭أ
ֹߡʦȻЦøĪ⣬һļƤ
ʲô𣿡
ֻҪϲ
ԭֲáǾûˡֵֹ´ˡ
ǸǵƱ̫ܺðɣҪǻأһģ
˭˵ҪˣʦЦĿңߺóԺٲˣ³֮Ҳô
ΪأʵֻǴʲôˡ
Ǵȥģ
ͤ
һΰɡʹͷʹǺʲôϵ
ȻʦͽĹϵ
ǽϹʦܣҲͽˣ
û
Ҵ˻ᣬôһ¡
˵ͤǸͯϰʮҲֻ֪ͣǲȥǵģ򲻹ǿ϶ģҪԭһε٣òֺƭİ˼ˣүһͷ׷һܳİ׺ӣĿ⾼Ȼ˶ĺܡʱСʵڸ㲻Ϊʲô˶־£˼İ׺ӣȻûɹһ֪ǸʱʲôۣҵڶվӾͿԼ׵ͷߣŵû⣬ӴԺҲûչӡ
ʵôųǲ˼顣մϵַֹ۹ûˣҲСʱԾԼӡ̫̣˲ĥĺ֢Ȼûʲôǲվˡ





 34 

ȥͤΪȡʱͿӱ޵ĸϣһϹҲкùӳԡ
ֻǿҰεˣֱҪҰ
вУҪϢϹûôҵģ
ſϣҺܲŵĴŴܲĺš
ʦô㣿㶼ˡֹƲ죬Ѿӵ
ʲôЦһ㲻ЦҲЦô۵ģ
ĴС㣬ô·Ͳˣ㲻ǻṦ
ֻһЩȭȣĹ˵Լġʦݹˮò˵ĺܿ͹ۡ
ˮ΢㣬ġǺúõ
һ·ǰиջϢһɡ
ʦ㷢˳ǰˡ
ֹݺݵĵһۣҵȥ
̫ɽǰһ㿴ջˣҲ˲λʦȲķ塣
СϷһ䣬Ϻþƺòˣ
ӦҵһƬžѻȸ
˳˿ǰЩģԴҲεġ
㲻ǸϹ¹𣿡
һ£ΣաţʮΪϲߡ
վסֱ۴޾סĽС
겻ɢ겻ɢȻӲǾͲˣڿˡ
ˮˮŬһ㣬ǰǻɵһƬ
ģһֵֻ˱ˮùһȥ
ʲôû˺Ǻô죿
Сô죬㡭ֹȻǿĳЩͿסˡ
ôܵƧˣʦҲŽˡ
ֱϵĳ˿£һˮȥɺöˡ
ô£
ӳˣ˳ذͤ
˳ۺһĨЦֹһʼһ̫ţרƹľٶ֤ȷǳˡϹɾ͸İò
˵£һʦã¼˭ܶ˼ңڶǲǰԸġʦ治ɫ䲻
۲岻ŶһҲû˵ʲôתͷҡ
ȥˣ
ϯ̳ɵϣպõĽɵһϮ£ˬʣ۸Ҳơ
ûùϵĸͿʼԣҲֻЦЦڱϸҵ衣





 35 

ȵˣȫʱǶˡ
Свǳֹϴ׹ĵһ仰
ڿջСס޵ֶֻ࣬øֹһ䷿ˡ
˵ҪϷøңһڻؾˣ˭֪ʲôء
ι˰ޱôҡ
أʵʵ˵û漷˼˵ΪʲôҪӰʦܶôá
ҪҺܷˣǱ㶮ݾͻҵ˽жҺã۾ôģûݼǱһֻٵ޼ҿɹ飬Ҫ˵ˣԽ˵Խ
ʲô֪ôֹĿһۡ
֪ʲô
ֲ˵ҩɾȣʶˡ
ʲô˼
˭˭뺦㶼֪
ҷ𣬡ܲһΰѻ˵ꣿ
ûҪĸƢӽݰԵԲ˳͸ɵóɱ˷Ż£ƺܰŪýͷöҲԼʲô޿ص£ʦܴݼҵ˳㣬ΪӦõģһζĳϽʲô¿ʲô²ǸʱʦҲСȫûΪĶãֻǱˡΪʦ֮ǰ˵ͽȴڵһۼʦܵʱ˼ֱţΪͽѱѧʦܣҲֻǼʦεʦ֪Ͼûв͸ǽ֪¡ݼ֮ںһǿʢһЩνԴĽȭֺһɣǲÿ궼м˵ҪչУʵǵͤʦܴ书ǲҪ˵ⲻܣϹôԸ˰ڲ
ʲʣʡ
һ㶣ôͻȻĳôһ䣬漴ֻȻ
Ȼǲŵģֲʦܶ˵ʵʵɲ㲻šЦյģʦܱķʽвԣҾҲǱģ㲻֪ԼƢһСİԼȥˡʦǲףνǰлǣҪʱѾһ޿ˣʦڹҲؼʱ֪ĹʦΪھɱģһжǴͷװʦëˣʦܲŶ֡
У˵òҾԴͣ·еѪͷ壬֫
ν࣬ԸʲôҲҪ֪һֱļֺ֪ԼЩȻȫƷпֱ׳ɶЦĶ̶һ˲ͷʮ
ι㻹ðɣҵɫȽѿʵЩ
ãŹ֣ҵһۣϾͳţûиֹٿڵʱ䡣





 36 

ҹ¥´￴򣬶һεֹ
û뵽Ĵôѹʦ˵ǿ⸱ûûε̲ס
ʦ㵱Ȼ˵㼸֣ޱ̧ۡ
㣡ۣȻǲ֪˵ʲôãҩɾȣ
˵û
ҹֻ˵ĴƮ˵쳣ϵĺһᡣ
ҵСͽܣҵŮ޶Ѿͷ֪϶٣Сôôء
ʦʦֹ৵һվ
һͷ׷üһ׺ӣ˫ĿȻӨȴ˶
ǰ¶ĥĥĻˣҿɰСͽأôѾͷˣ
ʦҲ֪ʦ룬˼ԳһӣԼֻҪذͤͲʦܲˡ
ߣݼҵѾͷʲôöһûػϰףȻҴҺӵ⡣ӣۺĵƳһۣͲ֪ʹʲôСͽܵǡ
ûţûʲôŽһ£ͷ˵ĻִĸΣʱѾ˲ԼмＸأҲǴ򲻴ùӹȥ̳ݶоˡ
ͷȻ㶵ˣܿͷӦˡ
ֹһߣͻľٶסˡ
֪ߵغѾͷ
ܻûСͽô𾴵ˣ߳ŭ־͸һƣΪûпôһҾȻײˤ˳ȥ
ҪΪû˸ҽѵ㣬޷ˣ
˹һҵﳶµһѪԴ˲١
סӣܲ˵һҲûʲôãˣĴһһ½ء
Ѳͷ۾죬Ӷˡ
Ϣŭ
ǧһ֮ʣ¥ϴһͳдЩ
ͷ˴һŤͷǸ֪ôļһ
ӵӣ׼£ȴ֪ıӾסֶá
ʲôˣͷŨüӵʡ
̾ۡ
СӣʶԶ㡣
һӣͨǲɵ˵ġ
Ҳһ㣬治Ҫ˲ɣ
̧ͷ۲ͬƽ࣬
ʲôϵ
ѾͷأСʡʡɣ
ͷ˳һ̧סҵĲӣƿ۵һ˲۵ɫҰס
ʦȻһ
ʲôʦ
ǰĶģʼѣʶ쳣ѡ
ҪʱˣҲʲôʦҪǿһ߱ʬ壬ʲô 
ıóȥһѻյ֮ͤϲĶͳͳٵȻ⵱ӲˣĹǰȣѪͷԣ֮Ҫȫʬ
ϤҲôԸһǰһ̻ɱͷӴ˵





 37 

ԭ΢ͬ˿һ㴥еִ˿ЩʪȣϵҲƽʱŨźġ
ͷֿأϸˡҴЩеûġ
ССúÿ찡ԭĸ˵ʦͽطСͽܵһ
ٳһͽҪˡ
ͷ֮صĺһҰѾͷʲôãаҹķ緶㿴ʦӶˣɺͳΪʦѵѵѾͷʲôˡ
ϹһЦͦʺϵġ
ûһϹʹЦţ¥·ȵʱ򻹺ɫǰײҲҵľ۴˸к
䵽³ǲǺܸˣģģôŵʱкľͷ
Уʹֱ˾Ȼ·ƵİҶ˴ϡ
ôѵ㶼᳤ǰɣ߹޳Ҳ
ĿһֹĽֱΪֵҵĲˡ
޷˿̵ĸܣΨһ֪ǴδйĿ־塣
ڵ𵭵ĺ⣬ɱ֮˿ϸСķ϶ʹҲܺ
ѹ𣿡ᣬǲѹŭı䡣
ͷǲܶ˵ǳֻܿ
ԭҲϸĿΪĲϲΪÿһҾͻдܸУϰ˱˿ɫҪٿɫ˵ȥ
ۺúõĿһǰˣƫƫԽԽģؾͱһƬڰ
Ϊûݼңģ㻹Ҫӡǰӣ͹ԹԵĴĶҪȥҿԣֻҪÿҲ޿֡Ҫ治ԸߣͱҲܹǰӴûκιϵҲٵҵòĶܷ־ǵҲһȥ
һƬỬĶҵĴϣҪ־䶼̵ҵϲſϰݡ
Щ΢ĴʹУΪĿ䣬ʶһ
ʹһҵĴ͸ָʹȵĲӣᡣ
пۣȻ俴һ˫Ļ۾
Ŀβ̣ˮһӯӯգһһַ飬Щ΢תǧģԽԽƲߡ
˫ҺܽĽë裬ӯšһ̫ʲô״ֻ˶Ҫһ˫۸ȥˣ欵ĺʮԲ¡
㶼֪˰ɣʦԸһ̲סġ˲ߣһֳֻͷһֻŲӡΡҲʱҪʮĹҵѧһҪõʲôһҪԼʹõҲпܻʱʧȥõһжҸģȻƾʲôҲ壿ҲǻٵݼңֻջĶˡҪľֻ㣬Ͼ˼
ʱҺȻǰһμ龰ʱĵ͵˵˵ҶүǸĺӣͬһ𣬿ãҼ޹ȥҲȼ޵ϹҪöˡϹͰ⻹ҿһڱǰʧ̬ϸ״ͲãǵײײܳȥʱᵹµĸоǱӰŭֺǱ̫ˣ̫ҪϹ͹˵ǷҪ̼û뵽˷Ч
ʵԼǰݼҸҳҿԵûݼһϹҵǸ޷ˣΪ֪ϹôŷĽѵ˺ңҾԻѺ󻼴ĸɸɾȴһǰƱػεԼԾԼȡƽУȫûҴɱ⣬֪ν࣬ҷҲԼ֮ˡ





 38 

˯֮Ѿƻˣ߱һƬѲ֪ȥ
Ŵ̾˿ҷ˸ͻȻһʹдӱҪȥоǴðĴʹʧˡ
һᣬûʲôüϴ괩·ֶ˶ֽŻǾûʲôԾͲųȥˡ
һ쵹û˸ٿϹһ˵ʱƽҪŲǻǣүҪźġ
ʦ˵˼ҲΣ˵ǻعⷵգǵˣ˵Ǽ̵Ĳһ档
ⲻҪ㣬ƶ㶼вֻΪʦԳˡͷӹؾصһʵʵĻشǸ˴ʦѵͽˡ
鷳Լûôйȥܰͤ¡Щֱͦıһҹû˯
ߣûйˣҿ㻹пմҰѾͷɢϹҺ¹¶ѳɽˣ㻹Ǽʱʲôִ᣿˵˵žͿʼıԹˡ
ҵ£Ҹˡ
ʦ߿£ɵh⻹˭Ϊʦʲôܲ⣬ҩǰ㲻ͨ
ͤɽ·ȥҩҡ
ҪȥһŶûУ
׳ֻĳһЦŨŨһڡ
ȥһʣȷҩһ·ɡ˾һаһӦ𣿡
ٺ٣ΪⶾɵһĿС㡣
üͷһ²裬ʦû˵
ΪһǾ͵ͷܣ˵ʲôѽ˵Ļˣõǿ찡רֻƧ·ҲҰѾͷҪȻǾǸһõ棬ʱʦֵСͲˡ
¶һ֮ڱҪĸˣҲ˵ÿҪϡһȸһĿ˭ɼʹ֪ҲӲһ٣ΪɵĶʤһΪֹûʧܹһ¶Ŀ֮伸ԶԶ˸ӴŵĹϵץһ˭˭
ȻһĿ˵һпȥͤ𣿡ϹЦĿͷһڵҧԼͷİձ顣
ʦжڹ˼ˣ
ʮա
ϹۣЦúܹ켫Σա
һϲһζʮٶֵİɣ
ͷӲ÷ĵͷ
hʮ죬һĻǴҲѾȡǰһûǰͶһĿ궯֣ɾȻôš
վ¥ݵǵĶԻϹԥѡɣ̲סЦһΪ˳嵭ӿĲ졣
ûŻ˭أ
ֹһĹҰŲˤһġ
Ϲһۣüͷ΢š
Ǹûȥˡ
鲻Ǻܺã̫²ļƻ֮Ȼ᲻ˬʱ˭֪ȻҲ⡣
ͽ㲻ôɣͷ৵һվ
ֲǵһʶҡ
˵ҾߣǰѪɫһ´ʹҵ۾ͣ
ôˣмЩͷð
ɾҪʦ־Ͳһˣ
Ϊʲôʦ֣ǰʣ˭ԭ
ͷңлɣһĿҪ֮ǰϻȥ
ǸʲôʦֱûȣҪһغģãƫ
֣ܲ
ԼȥɣҸʦʦȥͤкڣɽʦֽⶾȫˡ
ŶҩһӵģУֹһԴͲ㵸ˡ
ͷҲԣǲ̫ԸǷһһԡ
ʲôϹɫ̫á
ûаҪǱûͤҺˡ
Ҳ棬ǲģֻһϲõڹͷʽ
һ̫͹Ϲ̫߹Լܿͻָеı顣
ԣúøĴ𸴣һºսתͷͷӣͷʦͽһ֮ڰͤûˣðЩصεģȻͽ
ֱֹֿ̾ʾס
Уһչ˵΢ͱ׷ˡ
ʱٿǿ
תһȦֻصϣƢȻԿԼһ¡ˣҶôҲʱ䡣
ĻҪһܾ棬һĴ˿̾ȻͬһŮһ衣ҵᣬ黹˵㡣
ˡ
˵ǰһֺȻתһѳңһûӦʱĴѾѹỬеϢ˿ҵĴݣʵΪȸҪôӦֱҲγѵһѡ˫ڵкЦ⣬ƺδȻǯסҵִչҴҧһת뿪±𵽵ֹͷһƬհ׵ҡ





 39 

ϹһߣǼҲû飬Ͻǣ·ˡ߳ȥʱһûǹƾԺҪôǻ˳۵ĲôͻȻ֮ͱôôˣ
֪ʦнɡٶȸұϵֹʵ
֪ൽ˱̬ĵزĲɵ˳ڻ
㡣
һ㶣бһۣϲҡ
ſ뵽˸ղĻһӱʮŤ
ҵСܵĳ裬ʦҲͷײһ
⻰űŤʦ㣬˵ܲһ˵㣿
СҾûˣЩΪϲúܽɾϵζ
˵ˣѾ̬ĵزˡ
㵽ûҵص㰡
ʲô
ֹ̾˿ôʦܵģ
Сּǳһʲôɵóϲŭ޳Ϊ̫ƣɢȤʲôһѧͻı£رϲ۸ҡ
ǲϲֹһüȻΪʲôóȥƫҪһһΪҪע⣿ҪʦӵŮ˶֮㲻ϲĻóһᡣ
ûȡԼء仰ûֱѿڶġ
ֹЦЦпհúԼҪʲôŻһַʽע⣬ôദȥǳ²ɣʱ޷ǳӶҪˡʦڳʲô벻۵̬˵رģԶѵķʽҲõĹЩΪĲѡԸ̫ŤˣԼĽӲϷΣһүһС㡭Ȼ鷳
û˵Ϊ֪Ҫ˵ʲô;һңҪҵ˿һҲҪȥ
֮һ·ͷǶ̫ǰ˻ҵʹһޣ˻һܵĸƵǰ塣ǳ徢ǰʦ㶼һΪӿ˽ųǱԤ˰쵽ͤ
ҪֱӰѻ̧ɽȥͷɽɽǻһ
ãܰ
ҴͳһССỊ̇Ȼҵ𼸺Ӳݻ˵عһԲΰҵỊ̇Ƕס˳תʹ󹦸ˡ
⡢ʲôͷӺʡ
һСأ߻һɽյϢȻֻйҿԿٵȰʱҾͺüˡ
̾ع׼صȡ
ͷӺǺ棬Ǿſһ߿ʼĥع
ʱĲҲ֮ҵȵĿ˯˲һΥ˵
ʲô£
һǰһҰͷӹɫҰףһֻѾ̤ײĵˡ
ȻǾ¡
ֻʱԶȡ
ԶǰԼ³Ҿɽӡ
ţ·ɡ
ͷԾǰˡ





 40 

㵹ǰʦѧʮ񰡡
ͷһ˫ӵתڿ죬һ·϶ź뻹Ʋ
ֱӽݿȫͷӡ 
ֻʦչţһкŽĺ㶣ܿ˹
áǹ
ƲƲ̲סƹЦϲвͬռˡ
ۺǿĲŵͷ漴ƹߵ˴ߣֻһü
hѹ͵͸һࡣ
ܾȣվʵ
һۣ˼֮ʲôҩܽġ
жڼˣ
ʮ졣
鷳չȥһ׼ҩһ˭ϣ
һָָͷӡ
ͷҲľţôǮ
ҲҹҲã֮ڲʣ˾ǾȻҲٽͻ޵ķҿȾˣ֮ԼŰɡ
ʲôҩôôǮ𣿡
񲻶ԣתܹȥͷƳݡ
㻹벻ͽˣͱϹ͡
ȥˮ˵ŴСҴóҩ裬裬ȲصʧѪ
Сĵùҩ裬תݡ
ɻû
¥ûô
ԶĺĻȷó
˸̫ǵ¥Ҫ鷳ˡ
¹
ţʲô⣿
㣬Ҫһˣ㲻úŰ𣿡
ʵҺ飬ҲԼìܣľֻϹ
УǲǱһȵ˶ˣ
ôͻȻһˣû⣬ֱ㶵Ŀ
Ȼ΢ӲҵıӡһȻݷʢ̫֮Ũƫһ֮㣬Ժܶأֻгڹе˲Żд˵
һȣˣòִǸҳԲѷļһɣ
ӦøжʱˣΪʲôٳٲ֣룬Ǽɻߵ˲ƾϹôܻûأ
ϴΰҹĹӰǸʱ򡭡
ϹںֱŤ
뿴мںֱŤɡ
ǵģõôֱӵĽҴնȥһ𱸵񣬻û˵ϻʦͶݿҩˡ
ɽҩһҩ븺ֶԹԵ뿪ˡ
ɽҩʦЩȣҹɽ·ߣҪɽȥõˡ
һǲɺ˵һһ˵Ͳˡ
˼ҵƢôһһŹ֡ʦü΢ûϵ𣿡
Ұڰ֣˵ɽұ۾ߣȻʮŵĿ￪ˡ





 41 

hѽ֮ҪĶǼϡеҩģⶾҩܹȫֲʹҩȻֻӿ춾صʴͷʹ޲ߵľ˲Σ֪˽Ҳֻһ֧롣
ݺƬĵȥһ¡
ϵɽ䲻һ䡣
ֲֻݵ㲻ǶҪֵģҿûʲô㽽ˮ֦
вҪ֪ôĻȥչʰ
һǴĵɡ
һ֪СҪ鷳Ůҡ
ȵɽѾ˵ˣû뵽ĺôأôܲǰˬúܲ˵ǶۡĨһ麹Ҫ£һͻȻɳ壬ɽŲʹֻŰɫײ˹
ײðǣҶץŶ
ʰһ
꾫ôˣ
ŮֱСѾӣϧø߸ߵһûߵҡ
ӹܺãұһǰһƬڡ
ôɽʹˣ
ӹãһھɭɭġ
ҪܡҶ˶Ҫ͵ؾʹһʹ
ôˣ߽һʵ
ǺϴһҪȥѰҴʹĸԴȴôҲҲˡ
ϵëַˣҩǲϣײʲôˣ
һдŷӣһ߲߶
Ұڰ֣ҪܣϢͻõġ
ҡҡͷҲ֪ΨǳҩôֲҵģҲ˵ˡ
Ӷȥҩ
ùӣӺɵĳһ۲űצȥ˺Ժ
ڰͤûƼϹߵҲǸɲ¹ҩãҩĲ٣hڻ£ôԶ
һĿɣڰͤסͻջǵĸϻȥˡûעԼ˵⻰жô
ԭˡҲãŸ׬ǮеĹӲǣûhһֵǧ仰ɽµͷβҵŹ֡
ҪôЦƽһҪôЦͼȵա
ҵ¡˵ÿ𣿡
ھͲժ
ʲô˼˵ˣҲ԰ֲûĿ
һӰŶ룬֪ԭ
㻹Ű
˿Һ㶣ɫ˺죬࣬ϣ߲Ѥһǿָ
㡢㡢㡭㿴ңҡдʣǼ˹䡣
ܴ̼ˣѯʵĿ롣
ǣֻˡ
Ŷֻζһ飬žòζ˵ʲô˼
ȿڲ裬ת⡣
ôĵ̣
ȦǳУĸɽģʵҲȷôΪһ᲻Ϥ˿֮ڣΥͨᱻҩڵȥײǽö֮Ҳû˸ҿɽˣ˵ɽˡ
Ȼϲɽ徻ϵҲòȥ˽⡣ĳһﵽһλʱƱػ鷳ұҪгֵ˽׼ܱǡ鱨ȻҲ֪ŸЩʲôҩģ޺Ϊʲô
ðɣԸ𣿡
ҾȹһٴҸҩÿڶ֮ǰûҸ裬ȻСӡ
ЩôһһأԺǧ򲻺õҶŮôסԣŮÿμҶ˳һֲͷ
ϹȥɵˣƼˡɫѤһ
㵲·ˡ
һŲͿһֱźʰһһҩĺӡ





 42 

ʮģиŮһʮĶӡģʮɽ¾ʱ㱻ĺӣʮȥڸҩ˵ʱһұ˶ڷذϵĺʰӵֵȻҲ֮ȡġ
컹ûҩ͹ȥɡ
ôͻȻıˣǲҪ߻ʲô춯صıɣ֧ң
Ӷһв񣬰һҩϡ
Ƶ⣬һɵĻͷһֻۣ򵽺Űŵ겻žǰˡ
ⰡִտýѵͿʼˣҴҩɽߣ뵽ǰڿջϵľۣ˵ʲôרƹ˭ûҥкĿأ
ԽԽǾòԾв׵ĸоһҪ
ص԰ֹһˮʹͷһĳüչҲûע⵽ҽˡ
һʦ㣬ôɫôѿʦֳ˰ɣ
̧ͷһϲ
ǡôˣͺãʡһỹҪȥˡ
ʲô
ʦʲôʧʦܺʦܶڰͤʦҪչʦܣҲܽʦȥɣԾֻеùˡȻ˾ûˣ
üľΪ£ô
ϵҩЦ˴չ
ҵͷ
ţɡ

ȥҩһۣ֪С㲻ᣬҴ֡
󵫺ܸɾֹҩһ۱ˡ
ѪΡЩҩ
֧Ѫѩɽ꣬ԭǧ𲻻ĶҸֻƽ𡣡
ֹһЩҩĵ
ơƽ𣿣
ôˣ
ôǮʦ书ȥɹҲ׬ôǮ
һʮӦûðɣǧҲ൱ǰһµ֡
ϹŰɣʦܻӰɡ
æ翿Լأֹ죬ǴαʦѵûûˣҪæҪ
ϹΪˣ硣
ǡӸЦô죿һ˵ʦ־ǱҲµʱɻˡ
ѵʦһʲô书ҩɣ
Ҷ򲻹ȻܵеùʦֻûܱҩĻɣʲôʱµҩ㶼һ֪
ֹɫ˱䣬ҩֽ˽
ȸʦֽ˶˵ɡ
ѪͨںδԼȥܿˡ
ҪôhͲΪͷʹĶˣѪεҲֻ֧룬ҩһ֧룬ʣµҲɢڸںͺ¥һ֧֧Ҳ̫
ֹ˻ջҩȥ塣
ʦùҩûһͻ˹ָúܿ죬޴ˡ





 43 

⼸ɽסţ˾ɽֹĿͷӴӵɵۣƽȴʵֻǱǰˡ
ú˶Ҫ͸ˣһõϢһɱذͤƢûʮʮ˸йǲưոݵġʮͻͷӦûоİӺù
ʹ׸һüҰһʵ
¥Ϊǽź浱ģһ˵練ơ
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˵ܵȥ֮ȴû֮
ʲôڣײ⻨硣
٣ֲûҪίԼ˵СС͸ҪһȤ
̫࣬Ҳϲ
ϵһƣýȥʶʶ
˭֪Ʋ¶Цѱ˱˵ֲεĻ
⺢˵һѪĵ
Ϊϻ͵ǲèˣĺҲ°ܽˣûĺ¥ܳ𣿡
ƤŶô˵
ҲǸ𱨵Ķī̵׷ɱҪһʱ̸ɽׯһ£ڵĺ¥ͳī̵Ķˡ
㻹ˣ
ⶼʲôʲô
īȷ˵ңǲԸ
ҲδػŹ㣬ûݼ붯û˹˼ɣûл֮Ļô죿
ͷȻֱοֲ׸ġ¥Ȳһأİ취
ɵĳһۣдŲš
ӣûӿɹˣԸϽТŰ

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Ҳùȥ̫ˣһڻ̻̲ʱˡ
ҲǸ죬ݺԺƬĵˮǰҶ컨жȻһ˫ѥӡ
ԡСҲס𣿡Ƶģ治Ů
Ҵͷŷɫǣһȵ˿һ
û뵽λôŮɫľܶʦ֣ܵʲô˾
㶣һŷӦѵ˵ϹٶѾ쵽𣿻˵λ׾
Ը߰û뵽Ŀˣ˸˵ģ
ιһੲݲ̧ͷĻĺòã
ʲô£̧ͷͿһƽĿ
˴˴˺һűߡ
Ϊʦָ˵
Ҫһֻֻһ
һӦû뵽ôˬ̬ȣͻȻͱЩˣԭõ˵Ƕò˷ԼȲ֪ƾȥһ롣
ЦЦϹĺôеġ





 44 

º裬ϹºأΪʲôԼң
ǰ˵ɫᵽĳֵʱ򲻿ֹı˱䡣
ΪϷ࣬ϧٵԼʦֵ֣Ȼܲļ֮ڡ
죬˵ʲôֺ֪ô˵Ҳû˵Ļᡣ
ҪʲôһҪõʹֶΡ֪ºѧĳԼѾƫִĵزǰôڵĵĮԶֻһĿģ޷ǾҪһʽŽˡ
ܶ²ǿǲԸ˻ҪͿһɡϹ˵仰ҾȻͼǵڡ
ԭС㣬С㲻һ㶼Ϳɱôá
Ҳʲôı£һһ˺¾ͲٴûȥˣײЩδ治ɫˡ
˵ԡĲˡ
ҲʧЦˣ겻ɢ֡
ӭԼǿЦһε̥ǺһʿſںǾˣ
ǳһ콵ѩգǴһε̥ǰˣȴ֪ĸ֮ͽҥ¡Σֳ˲
˵ϹºȻǳصģһ˰ɡ
һǰ̬ȣĴͷĬˡ
ҪôԼңһȺ뱤ǲԸȥġ
С㣬
ˣΪɽϵģҶϬЩһ˵֮Ѿ˲ֶҪ͸Ͻһȡ߸ʱᶾڲⶾûˣŷӵɽ˸ҩⶾɡ
ҡҡͷɫף϶ðһ亹
ҪģȥôϹº˵Ҷ㡣
˭֪һҿžͲͷˣ֪ôĶҪȻôˣʡ֡
ôһȻعûҿתһԾ¾ûӰ
һߣұŵһȴһ鷳ٶ֮Ϲºǲġ
ôһʣ¶ˣŮΪĺãҪΰǸһˡ
Լѱ˻˼Ǳ˵İΣ𣿡
һδƽһһùˮ졣
˵Ҳöǳðװ׾ˮǳˮܽأһɴ£һƮǣмӵζɿϵһûɵľ͸еһ⣬һһѶҩ͵ʱķһСôĶ֪
α˸ҵ汳οûǸʸ񡣡
֮϶źҲƬ̵Ŀ֮졣
ǰҸˡҳЦЦû뵽ܴϹϼһ˵㲻Ҷˣ
һɫļ仯ǳѾͷҪϹһʧ֣ĵѾͷ
˭˲ˣĳЩôŽһվǰҲܲˡ
ͷ˵Ĳ˵ǿ־廹ǷŭССһЩʺʧ䡣
Ҳ͵ЦˣҸѡɣôأ
Ц۵úܣֱһҾ˵˵ҿ





 45 

ֱֱĿ̲סһЦ
ȸ̼׶̫ޣӣɡ
һ˲Цѡ
ûпǹֻɱ֮
кʲô۾˵ûݼ㻹ô
ĺǷһءժһĵΪҩҪ˵Ȼġ
ʲô˼
Ī֪ɣ
㣡Ӷɳˡ
ŵĳضζֻҪһͻܣζŨȥصĻ
ɫȸոջѿһǿųһЦ
ôܣ¶Ļġ
ЦѵҾͲܴ죿˻˼ҩвģ
һȻ˼֮ҽҩҽһ
ҿԼЦ˲̣ǲá
ܱǸ⸱ҩֻһʱѪúģҲûҪʲôҩԡûС
ҧһȥơ
ãܺãأ
ҩȥˣһʱزҵҲûãдķԼҲһǵãοǺüǰˡ
Ȼߣ
⣬û㷴͹ԹԸ·ˡ
¥ⲻԶҲͶʮ·ңܵ
ǵıһߵ¥ש̻Իͣ൱ľƯ
˿վ¥ǰϣҿֵһ塣
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˵ϣǧҲǸóˡ
ĲɵĺŲ裬żͷ߼һԱੲݵĺ
ûҪ׼ԴţվſھȻò֪롣
㡢ô⣿ɺܾ죬˭ûͺ¥ʲô
תͷЦЦ
ؿڴʲôһײұͷ̫ϲָоҺܲӦ
¥ӮˡЩʱûˣȻôȴڸǲһƣ롣
ӣȥͤҪȡ¥ʲôĺܳȻǺܲˡ
ɿһۺǵСλС㣬ΪûֻżҴƴΪȴȻ˼¥ȻľҩĪ㡣
ʲôĺվдôܡ
Աߵ˵͵Цһ˵û˱Ҹ˽СǻԴġ
ĺһתͷң뿴һķϷŹεģȻ㲻ҾͲö෺ʲôʴˡӣ㶯ְɡ
˵ÿûʣ˶ɽһûҪŹңµαػҪ˵ֻ
Ҳſ˶ˣĺȭ򶾹ʹ˸ɫ
ɫױ£ָ쵽ǰʱֲӰٶһɱһƴ⣬һѪۣѾǽٳˣûż¾ͻ˹ȥҲ֪
ĺһתͷŭϹ
ûɹҲˣԼң˭
Ƶ˵ţЦôƯϸĿΪ欵Ĳпâ





 46 

ǰһ·Ĭ˼ȴ˵ұﲻס
ôں¥
Ϲİϣûһֻǣǰߡ
Ѻ¥͸īģ㻵Ҵ¡
Ų΢٣ǿϧˣһ¥ֽ¹οҲī
ҲƲһ죬пչôôȥɣܵ˾ӦҪ˰οɡ
ͣתЩʣҿڼʣ
ǰüżһǳе£ֻֿҾԼкܾúܾûˡ
üǶм־⣬֮˵̬ƫƫķǴġϾˣɱīԷεݵ»ǴǱܱһֶص̬ʧĴݲȣŵ˾òпᡣ
ƿۣ̫Σա
˵Ĭˡ
ҿ˵ҪҺʦֺôŸϻȥΪҪպ¥Ϊ֪㼸˲뵽˶ɻҲ¾ѵĶԲߣΪϲѪɱԸɴ˺¥ĺһüֵһͲٴҵ˶Բԣ
𴽣һԾ޳ƹҿĻϤҲ֮ƶ
֪ףηȥһǸľ֮Ľܺá˭ժߣ
ҺϹּСߣѵõƽġ
ҲҪΪԼǣҿɲҪװ˵ܳġ
ʧЦϢҵĺ󾱣ģëĸ
ǸҵĴأ
һ㶣һ׹ָʲô
ҪٸҲҾҳߡ
ң
βϵЩ֣ͻȻӦԼ˵ʲôԵĻ
Ȼô˵˵Ȼȥѡˡ
ĴΣҲŲҪԼڸͲӦңҪҸˣô죿
ţнȻЦǰֻ˵ǰ仰ٻԸˡ
ⲻǴܹȥˣͱ˿
úõĸȥЩеûģȻǺܸ˵һ㲻㣬ӦûûεӲŶԡ
˵ĻҲƵôֻϹˣתͲƵסģ
ҺһԼƽ˺ܶνѵԸҪģȻҲ֪йܲãŻǺЧġ
֮мû˯ˣ
һûòһϸ΢̾Ϣ
Һ⣬һôҡ
ֻģû뵽ԼҲɤһ¡
㼸û˯ˣÿζʡ
ûԼôȹ˵ûˣΪζıԹ
ôˣ۾Ц͵Ƶģ
ȡҿܾ롣
ţе㡣ҵļѣеƵءһκۺǺܾ֮ǰˡҲǲˡ
Ҹλʦߺһ·׷ΪҶҪȥͤ¹ҲҪʰ¥ʱžûúϢ뵽⣬ܵƽϢͻȻ;ɬӿҵĳЩִ
ԭ˵˵һȵ£뻹ˣҵϢ˵ɡ





 47 

һȦǻصĵطʱľϴȴвͬˡ
ܲ٣滳ҽ
ʳһڴ˾ɫмήһɫ԰׹𣿡һۣŴСࡣ񲻰˼ǹԾʧߡ͵ÿյĸҶ˰Ѫҩģɵײһ˯ĺá
ɣҲԵúܣԼ嶼չ˲ã˵ҡ
СȻ͹һǺݵɣдŵҩɾĸ֡
Ϊ㣡еؿҪͣÿζ۳𣿡
ӻصһۣߣֲѵңԺҹһ㣬ʲô˲ġ
ͱѬ㡣Ŀһ㲻¡
û£ʲôʱܺã
Ҫ
ôңֲҪԣ˹ȥɡ
ı֣ʲôֲħ֡
ˣ֦Ҷ̵㡣
Ҹܵ
ֻҡͷ㣬ҪԼһ
ǿһʵҲûôܰȸס
ҹʱѾһˣʵҲûȶá
ΪʲôͻȻķֻ뵽Ϲ࣬͵뼫̬ҿŰۺˡ
˵⻹ҵһôʽĹˮƸͣԺϸĴһ
ˮƸ󲢲¹ڵ¥ȴϹ޸
¹¥¥ɶϡ¥ɣߣ¥ÿ¥໥зȰֶͨ羫ɡ¥ٹһԺǰնܵˮƸ
ߺͺľɫرϺɰɫ¥ΧһƬ̺ĻεĻƮɢڿУ»һ㣬̫翣һʱΪɾ֪ںη
˺ԺϾͼʲôˣˮƸһֵֻܳɨĻҲܽ
ݡС㡭һһźϲ
֮˯ˣ
ۣܾҽϹ֡
ûڴ񡣡˿е༱æСĶȥɡ
ãûϵȥɡ
ҲûҪҾ̤¥ȥˡ
һ¥ϾһζΪϤҲǳš
֮ҿţڲ
˭˿̿ôʹϹһúܲ˼飬ҪǸ˻ҿˡ
ϵĶ㶣Ҫ࿪ҽȥ
ʲô
ŴС࣬˵ġ
ҾܳЦ˿ùϵӷŵϡ
ߵ䣬ʼˮƸڵĸְ衣
ڵĴڿúܵͼҪƽУսĶȾر㣬ִһĽ뵿¯ȽȽڵ̣ɵɢһľ⡣ҲãҲãҲã֦Ĳ֮ͨͨС⣬ůһԾϸСĳɢڹ϶֮䣬̵Ԥ׵ͻȻſ糣ָٰ⣬֫Ȼ䡣
ٿǰǸݵıӰɫĻϵسĵֱͦ޳Ư·ʱȻ󣬴İԵ·ңɼ̬ͷһϢЦգϸĹδϸϼ͸һ㣬˲ݽȥ糤ƹȥ԰Ρ
һѵζӲ





 48 

ѮϻرҶںԺͤű۹Ͻͤкصɴʽ棬ˮһͰڣԱжˡ
ȻܣҹȻ֪Ҫ㡣
Ӣ̴̵ţһ˵һ߻֦
ͷܣÿζ㲻һʱͱȥ˼𣿡
ҡҡͷ˿Ͽʼԡ
ԵĴðο¹ˡЦûûεģоаɣãôôСڵʱûôܵġ
Ŷ˵أһû
Ϸ˽лȥˣ˵Ҫȥס졣
ԭһ˰۶Ӣôɣ
ʲô̧ͷֻ۾ɵͭ壬ΪǴˣҲִ⣿
Ϊ㾭
̲סӹһЦΪó裬ʵ㽻ҲԺ͵֪ΪʲôС𣿡
ô֪ôģ֪Ļһ㣿
ţǰѹˡͷûоС񣿡
һ㶣ôһ㿴
Ұʣ˷ģ㲻ҲǰǹһοʱС㣬֮һֱˣʽСӹȴ˻ˡݼһʱû䣬СԽó裬һֱΪֹڿ϶ܰɣϲôֻԼɱԴҪҿ϶ŮйٿǸ۾йŭ
е߸ͻȻ˺̲ȥϹ˵һ¾ͻòҾ͵˵ϹڻԭǰҾȱԼĸɱ˫ۣȻִϻͷԸЭ
˵׻㱻Ȧ̫ˣЩǲԸЩ¡Ϊܲ͸˭ֻ֪Ҫ͹Ϲϵһͷȣ治֪ںʲô
ҴСĻҪʲôȥ˭ΪԼַ˵иɻˣ󡭡ҳһЦȻε˴һʼͳҡ
һһ˵
㶼֪ˣֹ˵ģ
ԭǶ֪һ˱ڹ
ǰ¼ᳬʮ֪ǸÿζҸĻӣ˵ʵùܶίСϡ
֮ǰ
ţ˻Ĵ̼ԺͱЩҹƹͲ֪ʲôз֣϶һ¾һҪ˵̫̫ԴôãⱲӲŶ
ӲЩҲˡǰΣϹϾҪڽ¹֮վһϯ֮ô׵¡ЩǰԸȥȫҵǰǰ·ôһ˳





 49 

Ӣ֪ûк޹ûԹϹҿһʱش
˺ܾãõʲôʱ򱻴ȥĶ֪Ҫ˵Ҳ̫ˣô޵Լ׵ҵҫλѾǱʮӶ޲ģܸоĳ˶ݵķŭʲô˶Ѿûˡ
ϹҲ֪ô˵ͻȻеƲס̾ԽԽܿƵԼջǳͤȥ¥
Щȹ΢΢ü˼򵥵Ĳ£⻪ƽȻ鷳·̫˰˺Ժٴ¥ͱ¥ͻ˲ʱ䣬ҾˣϹݳ޵Ҫ·ʱһĻҪôһ㲻ػƮݵĺܣ
ҲȣƫĶȺðΪЩȵˡ
ߵ󣬵һ۾ͿȵĿڵĲߣʱ˿ǸޱȾ̬ޱȰ˶˱ͰϣĽëΪȵܶͣĲûЩţէһۿȥƤ˵ĺӡ
ţ춼ȵóþˣФɪǱߣҲȵòƫҪס̱һЦЦı顣
ȥĻþҵһۣأ
䣬īˡ
һôˣ
ʲô£
Ҫĺһ
ԭ˻ôִţ˾ǶĺﲻšҲĺ̫ݣɱһͽ˳˸ɾ˵ȻǺѩ֥Ҫ޸Ը⡣ҲǺī̵˿в֪ĺͬĸĸĺԴռرǿң֪±ºŵ죬˶û˷ʱʼɱ䣬Լ˫׶ûŹ
֮ʲôáһüͷҪԼҪĶ֮ռȥ˲ٱˣû뵽īΪ˱ֳֺõ¡
Фɪ˰ȣֺҲû취ȻҪ㣬ĺﻹûΪʲô£ɱ㣬Ӧ˵òˣ˾ͲеڶΣҪ뱨Ͳôˡ
Ҫ̸ʲôʱ򣿡
˭֪аʱˡ
ѵϹãһǻҵͤȥɣԭ￴һ۲ߵģֻ˾øȡ
Ȱˡ
˳ùһӣתҪߡ
ȥģ
Ӻ洫ס뿪ĽŲ
عͷһżΪŵףһɫĿ·ԵӹǼݣϰԵһ̵ָ۾ס˵ӡʺģŸɾִЩĮ˺ܶе׽ĸо
߳޳Ӱһǳɫ׹һѪ񣬲̤ŷЬ
̸ˣҺ˿ϱŵѾȵ÷ûбĺúȡ
ţô뵽ˣ£
ùϵźһڣü
û²㰡
һ㶣һۺЦЩ⡣
˵Ҫ͸㴦ãô˵
ī⣬ɫʲôû
Ǹ˫飿㲻Ͻ˳𡣡 
ī򴽣תͷıˡ
ŶǸɣء





 50 

īȥᣬȴʵǸ̵ܻˡƵԼ˳ɼжĺˡ
ȰѺīߣҲſʡ
㻹٣
ԭǿأǱҲûסҡ
һƵҪ˸ʲô
ЦЦʲô
˾̫ʲô˵
ͨʱӦҪû٣ѹһǼҵش֮Ĳ𣿡
ɢ
԰˵˿פյġ
ѧϸ۽ǣջʵ
ҵͷڹķҿܾˡ
´εÿҽˡ
ѵ᣿
ȻѧԳһңɴŵ·ǲġֻҪһ˵ɺͲ˱֪ѧοɢҲʵãȷפձഺĹЧֻʺŮѧڹʦҲᡣ
ôһ˵ɢһĲֵһ
Ȼôôѧˣ
ǸʱڰͤûһʦдһЩӼͼסˡ
ҸеԼʵĳ˳飬ǰɣڹķôԻѧ໥ųĻ壬ɥġ
֮ԼӸĶ໥ںϲˡ
ѹͷֱţ˰һˡ
ʮ³Ҫȥһɽȥȥ
ҵȻԸȥȥʲô
ɽɽͷׯ˰ռţׯȥʵǸõĵطԲڶû˸ҿھׯʲôʱʼγɹģҲû˵ֻ֪ԭɽһ鱻ׯ԰֪ʱʼ˼ɽׯҲ¹Ǿú͹ȥ뿴Щʲô˾ⲻһŵǱͷܡЩ˲ǽؼͷǹٸŰͨȴ޿κôץץסģʮ⡢׶񼰵ĴǡϢһҲûٸʲôƽЩνʿȥ壬һǱӻû˭йʲôжˡһֻӼݵþ˻ȥ
ȥ˲֪ˡ
ػս׼ҵĺĲҲȥġ
ȥȥѵһ˲ɡ
Цѩ
˵ī̵ôˣȰѺδã
ߣϧ԰һ̳÷Ȼһˣҿǵһ갡ֵĶˣ׷ȥѵúĵĺ˵ҳļҪ̳÷𣬿ǾȻ飬˱˲ᵫһ˾ˣһסҡٺ׷ķĪҴ˻ȥԴ󸣵Сͱסˡ
ֻ̾£һĨ۵ľ⡣
˵ǸϧıˣȻҪԿܿġ
֪ΪʲôһͻȻ뵽仰̫ͻײĿһ˿˿زͻ̿֡
ҿɲӦӦûİɣиС˵





 51 

µ׵ʱͻȻһ¹һϢ
һֱǺܺã֪ɾż¾͵˲еĵزǼ٣Ҷȥһ档
ϹϢЩȻȴûҪҹȥ˼ʱһǰδеĻҸС
Ĵʹһ·쵽ͷһϢʹ⣬ߵҶĵ¡
㻹ðɣôɫô
ǿҡҡͷۺƽϢԼ
ٴϹҸе˾ΥĵĿ⣬ε¶ǡ
ֱͦ˱һһߵ÷·Ҫǲڽ°ĳء
ԱҵĲ԰ףЦú𣬵ĺŮһ
ƿһɳʪȵմһһܰ˸ʴĸо
ȻŭҵۣҲźۼ
ΪʲôôŸң
ݷ㵣һֱ˵ģοǰһʱһֱ
ԭңҵͷȻЦ˳
㡭Ȼбŵ
뵥һᡣ
ӦҾͽݷֽŹˡ

һһֱֱ߽ȥͼѾݵƤǵķ˸
ҲãЩҪͬ㽻һ¡
ҷϣһѹͷûš
Ƕ㲻áôȵΪʲôס˵ӣ
ۿЩ죬Ȼᶼˡ
ݼǷǵġгԿࣿ
ûУġʹ뿪ɾȻŵ˵ز
ҲֻԼһֱûкúù£лɳˡ
ЦѾͷˣ֪˲ңܿҾҪ
ԼԼϲ˶ˡЩ뻹Ǹĺã
Ѿ֪ˣҲ
һ𾪵Ŀң˵ģ
ǣôһ˲ŲԸ˵أ˸ҵġ
㻹ҪС⺢̫Σˡ
һΣաձɢķ˿ɫ΢΢ü
˵ǰǧС˵ĪǺӡѾͷǾòʲôôиߣ֮ǰ̫㲻ù˼ɵʱܻһЩ˵
ʱЩȷǼǵôϰߺƢ˵ľ͸ĵõġ
ʮ죬ʮ̵գ۾͹ȥˡ
ȥʱƽͣЩ̫̫԰ˣȻ͸˯ûʲôץ֣һѹͷûŵĸоڴǰһϣȵ;ƿݶ΢֮ʱҲž۾Щɬ
ÿŵСذҰ̧ԶһĽ⣬һƬĹأҴСȻ˴ʱ˸ӣϸϸŰȥͷؿ˼ͷ۾Ǹɬᡣ
ûϹǸʱͷȻǰ㶼ûðܾԺҲԭҴʶѾԸȥκˡ





 52 

˵˫С
ͬһ¹ҾֱԼȥݾ͹Ҫ
ǣҲûˡ
ңҲ۳ҵģȻȫ˵Һ˼ңɶѲ˹ϵе޹ģΪҵ˽ҵҺԼס
ҲТҲŶԡҧԼѪζҲȥͷĿ࣬ʹ޲ǿ޲
š
𣬰ָߵľŵ̶ֱĤʹ
ζŨˣȴôҲѬ̵ĸɬ
Ŵľžͱ׵ˡ
ϵ˿ûпһܡ
Ҫϵıӣسһ£ģ˵Щʲô
˼һʹûץס˿й̫٣䷢ɿ̲ס
վڴǰץ˿˰һ
˳˿ò׾û˵㣬̧ͷȴһϢ
ɫ԰׵Ĳ񻰣Ө׵ıݽҧס´Ȧɫַ·ʱƿº޵Ѫ
˫ڲ׵ķĿ纮̣â
̫ˣС
ð̵⣬Ǻ˿ϡĿֿʼȣܡ
˳ֻҲʧѪۻָϸ΢Ĳ
ģôȵϵ¶ȵ͵˼ĵز
㡭Ƶˡ
һ㣬ϵĴ̹Ǻ⡣
ܵĻ޳
֮ı飬һ㶼㡣ôú޳
컹ҪЦۿһȣȵҺͻ䵽˴ߣ̡
ҴһӦ˸һѰұҪǶ
ŵϤζָȻľ·ѹֵĿ֫ٺһԶȫ˷ȵ۾ˮʪɫƽ
ҿ޵˾Ļٶ
˵һûԶˣ
֡ʹ־ɷ˷羰
ϻȥ
彩˽֪ܣҲò
ĪԲΪһŮΪҵġɫѾˣԴһƬհףƲסԼ죬˵ʲôĪԻȥġ
ϢʼƽȣѾ
ĪԲңһ¶᲻á
ϸĿĹâȸղŻҪˣٵһתƽصһΪ
ŭ¾Ͳ֪飬ƿתߣײĴһûԡ
Ϊһɾˣʲôãһˣʲô
ۣԴԴϵˮָָ⣬仨
ûǹֿʼһκζҪȳˡʹ·Ҫȥһ㡣
ŲмŮһΪ˸Դס
û㣬һԻĺܺáû㣬ѡ





 53 

ԭΪ԰Ѹյĺܽ뿪¹뷨ʱ֪Լס
Զ׼ӱܣΪܵ˺ԾͲԸȥԡ
ԼǱɳܣò侲˵΢뵽֮ǰĻԼǹ˵㣬ŻʹȥǸɡ
㲻㣬ˮƸĻҿĶ׻ԭ΢Ļͷ֮⡣
ʲôϹȻͷɵϣϻ¯뵿һһͷҷƷ·˰ľ֮ˣеһѷĵϹƽ͵˯һĶĵס
е侲̼䱻顣
ƭӣȫƭӡ
߳ڱεȴеǰδе⡣
ݡС㡭ÿμҶ͡
ʱֲòԼʲôҶЦó
ɣ
СĴСϤ
ŶʲôģҾЩƣҲҳȥߵġ
ɵĿһۣǡСȥȷһ¡
˯ˣΣ
üѾԾȭִҪȥͱҲˡ
һ㶣ȻҲǹʧߣѵ˯ǲϴŵġ
һ
ûҶ룬͸ҺˮƸԺ
¹󣬹ָ˾ְʱſڳͲеˡ
Ҫȥ˵׾٣˦Ҳ׵úܡνҪңƫƫ֮书λҾͲһߵôˡ
ǵһ˲ãҸúȥδӣ
ǰ·ֹ޾ƬƬֻͷĿѣ
ҵһͤһᣬͳӽִֵİһ£غٻ˵㡣
һͣ£ղŻһĻ֮ȥӰԽԽԽϢĵز
ݽ㡣
ʹҵı˲佩ֱĶˡ
겻ү֮ǰ̫ˣڿʼҪⱨӦˡ
ôɫô԰ףʲô£
ɫ壬߹ϼĲʻնĳгЩȴֺܶׯʡ
Сѣ뱤ɣô·ˡ
ԲжʱŭҶ٣
һҲǴ󡣡
ҲźۼĽס
㣡
ˣûӮҡǰӺãСģжɰˣôھͳ
۰ɫһպȥһѶѪ
Цվ߹ȥָзǳ
ˡôôƭأҲһ˵ģҽŵʽ֮ʼɣ֮ǰǲǸøҸطס
ĬһһּȻɵ۹ҵĿŶȡ
һξͲлῩҪúÿǿǡ
ȥס
úӣǰһ
ûʲôƫԶһ㣬ȻһѰׯ԰
ôʲô˭ҪһȻᡣ
Ľɽһӣһܷ˼ĵطشƫԶ֪һ˿ҵõֻǺܺã˵ˣȱ㻹Ҫȥ𣿡
˵֮ʱʲôʸȥĵģǶҶܹζȴֻҡ





 54 

ΪĽɽľЩԶҪʱܵ
;ǵʱС˫ӰҾ;ˣߵƫŵСջʲôԵ
ʲôĸЦذɣ
ȷˣһ˫۾ɵԲݾС
㱾һЦʲôɿġ
һžǳ첱Ӵֵġ
ۿһתۿϹº裬۾ֵɴһȦ˵˻
С޶ô⣿ 
ϹºںΣʲô߻򲻺˼ˣǸԡЧ
ˣһһֵĴĳ
ŶǾδɵĳСӡޣҸϹʲôأ˫Ӱһţתץסңãֵ˼𣿡
˭ˣ
˵еİɽС

ֹҺϹºűŪ̵ƹûˡ
ûӳʲô
ɵӶ֪ӳǵĳ׺Ȩж౦СȻǲһΪĶ߰ˣҲΪͨѩֳӳСɽûаɽС֮ơ
Ǵ˵СѪԽٶҾСʦԣܲܽҩµĶ˭֪
˭֪ı׺Ȩײ˸ţƫƫִ򲻹˼ңֻüβ͸Ͻǰɣ
ڨЦ˵Ĭϡ
·ּ˸Ī׸
˰ûպȻһ꣬һҹ֮
Ϊηܲסֻøĵߴ·ȸ·ɲżϹº˻ȥ
ôˣ
¹ˡ
һ㶣հ׹ƿӵһ⿴ȥ
¹˳ŵˮɫ°ɫߺ°ڶԽ߹ú߹ŴӵĴ˯ϸֲʧׯصšٿÿ׹ŵεѩȷ¹ˡ
˫Ӱֿңؿ˼ζʱȻ
ַˣ
ڲס۽һĳ־ͺһֱֱĵ˽ȥʹһʱ˵ 
ҵɫѿ㣬˫Ӱѵðû׷ʡ
Ͱԭ·߰ɣӦû䵽Ǻ
ȷϹºüɵҡ
񹦻壬ʲôϽߣ
ҲҪƬ̶ҪֻҪǸйصκʲôҶҪҪ
˶˴Իûҵʧ̬ұ۰ϥס˫
һƬڰͺˣͿˣܿ޳ٲǰ 
֮ʼ˻ζһԶǸˡ
ָıҲŶһӵȥٳȥڱ֮¾ͺ˰ɣ˰ɡ





 55 

Ҫһȵʱǰ·ʼˣȷе˵Ӧߵ·ԽԽˡ
˫Ӱǰ˻ϵıҴδࡣ
ô£õˣʲôôأ
Ҳ˵ֻ֪һĶĻݲҲûģһקʹҲò
ʲôŤҲԼʲôڳһȫ˶Բӣµ˻ῴɫ𣿡һ˵һ߰üͷýģҶ֣ż˭
ڵ󶼲磬ʲôϸ֦ȸȲ֦ķˣȥľۣǹƨƭӣܵķ˸ȼ磡Ƕˣ𣬻ʡǿ˷ǵۻҵĴ
ŶҸǸǶԲסʻжܵĽɽ
ԺҲȥʲôˣǼӹ°뱲ӣ˭Ҫҡ
ȫҵĻŵˣɿ˶֪
ֻܴһȺƹȥˣҪЩʱ䣬һĻŻҪ졣
Ϲºһ¶˫ӰҲǴŲţû˫Ӱô
ޱıͷ
Һò׿¹ִʱͻȻҷһֻǸ˱֯һƭ֣뿴ʹϹ㾹ȻˣҪҺûί㣬ܺãҴȥ㣡
֮˶ûҺ˵һֱĽɽ˳Ҿֹ׼ٸˡ
Ӿɽɣ
Ϲºͷ
ţǾɣԼҹȥͿˡҴóűֽʽŽ棬ȥͳˡУκȻʱһʲôҲñ֤ԼŰɡ
˫Ӱ˶˵һɱ˻ȥ
һ˾һ¡
ǼӱеĻҪɪʱҶ֪ηӦˣƬֻ̾
Щʱûˣֻһŷһʺһľ崲ĺأ涼˼Ļһ洦ɼ֩
ֻԼִɨˡԭҲôһ죬ҿЦž𳤳ӣȴĿĵһĻֵֺףͷһĸ߸¡һȴûʲô۵ĸоȻѾȾʹľˡ
û״Լе˻ңհһƬǱӦҲӶͣЪİɡ
Ҳֻ֪Ƨĵط᲻вҩŷҲܲҪϵ⡣
ݺ߲ݣһƬѡ
һסһʱʵ˾ͿʼݺЩˣΪϵֻףʵûȫɾһõö˾ͻۣᷢ԰ѺƬݹһԺӿɻҲʱ䡣
ӹжԼҲûϸ֮һһ졣
ȵһ˾ˣҲŷ뿪ʱһĻǸʱѾԺʰ֮ȥӵԶҲûáѾǶٴκڴģһĺȴòУ֪Ϲº϶ͷҲԸ˵һ沼һ˭ӣ컹µ˳Ҿؤ˰ɡ
ЦȴôҲЦˡʱҲ䵽һ͸ǵĸоƫƫȶҹҲܣԣһǷô򵥡ժ˼˻ûмȥϲðı䡣
ԭǶҲ֪ʱ򣬲֪ĵط˸ιԶҩ





 56 

ʱ磬رĺãůġ
ʺԺһ裬űõĸ㣬ٵһνġ
ÿҶôģһֻңԶ
Ұ˳ʷǰû齸ҿֻǽϣ͵һһʱƯĸоž⣬ʵϲû˯ãһֱ΢ʱвŽȥҲСһʱ


˯һСͣĽңС᣿Цҵ˶ûˣһʲôڤ粻顢԰Ե춼ԸŹ㣬Ҫ㿴ԼõЩʱֹһΧǿգľ޴ԩĺڡ
һԼúһԼȴڹȥξ޷԰Ρ
ܲסֳײһۣûüܵ״һѪ˳
ʼͣĿȣϵʹģȵˮۺˮճ˷һұôģΨһõٴ˿ûǹܲסı䡣
һƬӰϷһŷӦﲻԾ˵־˹ؿסҵ֡
ʹʹɫҰףȶ˾ֻ֪
𣿡ƵƮĿһҸо˺¡Ҳ֪۰ӦΪʲôҪߣ
Цʢ޵ĺĵ
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ÿһֶôƮҵĶ統ͷһʹҪ
˵ĳǸκ˶ɵȻΪֺ֮˵ģϹҪľûеòģʹǲֶΡѾǸĿڵʲô̶ȣһٶսĵߣ˵̿ɻɻ˵ľˡ
Ϊ˶ֵطסȥ˵ǽ𣿡
ЦôģȴǱģмڲϵĸоҲˡ
˵ˣ
ǰȷǶҺݣҶ̱ĳϰΪ˱˿ʱηͺ£Ǹĺˡ
ԭָоԼŭϹǿҵѹȸ֮ڵûС
ĥģÿüͷʼҾ֪Ҫһƴˣȥȴ˸ա
̧ͷҵֱֵ䣬üͷԽšԽһֻڰո˷һץҵġ
ֱץúܽǽڶʹĻߵȴƴڿơ
ʹҴӺＷһþе
ָ⸧ѿİָ̺ۣҵϣɫͱˣüѿˡ
ҿ£ʶİһɫܿĻָ˹ֻˡ
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ҡҲҪ
ܵ͵ԼöģͻȻĻͷټ˾ҵд𾪺һŵʹ⡣
ΪʲôɤѾľ
һ»һֶ˵еԽԽ߱ýأе㼱˾ÿŵֲס䣬Щ㶣ԻһеϬ
˵Ǹĵ˵òã
ټְ˺һŵͷϢҲƸղǰԵ





 57 

ô죿
ʳͱøȻϰԵС
ԼãǸĻᡣץҲ֣ƽӣ⼸Ұô֪ܲ˼ҵ㡣¼Ůô࣬ԸҺõĲҲЩͻϲģЩתֻһסôֻ꣬һԶԸҲԶԸֵģ˾ΪǰĴֹʧӱô̫ܵй޲øɴͺõ뷨ֻһο壬˵ҲãҿͦҸҪĶҵ˽ҪһЩοЦʱ۾
Ҿñеᣬ־Щ죬Ҫ˵һֲ֪ô˵ˡ
ջ˲¡
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ѹ֡Ȼǹ㺮ɢ֪ҩõúܰ
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ԴؿڣסҵĻ 
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ʹƺһſң൱¡
Լѵ͸˵ûһ㵱ôྫԹܵأקסҵ֣ӣҪǲϲΪܻ죿Ȼй֮ҲֲˣȻִҪӣ˵ҲٵҵòĶ˵Ҫɵ⣬ȡλã
ûң֪ϵĶԶҪһ
Ȼԣ
Ǻãһȥ
ҧҧۿҲ˵ҲҪ
ץҵһʹüͷ
ۣҡ
ʱһп룬Ϲŭʱа壬ҪôǲҪˡ
Ҳң
ɾɾƢôĶĲҪؼʱð
ʹ˵־ôô
ңҲص˾񶷼һҧŶԷϷţɿڡ
ΪʲôԸһȥ
ãҧҧ̲סȿ˿ڡ
ȥʲôڱŮϣ
һ㶣ƺ׹ʲô
ҡҵʱͷϣˮƸʱѾʱˣɫö˰ңֺܶû˯棬֪ˣû뵽ˡ
Ȼȫǲˬĺܡ
㿴㻹ǻἵʡ
Żἵʣ
Ϊ˵ĵطһҧƺá
üɢҲ˵ֻǱһһµĸҵı
ƺҪϵԻʱԼһԲ
˵ʲôҪôҪ˵Ҫ˵˵Ĵ㣬Ȼ˵˭
ҼάɷĿĲԵЩ
˵ﲻԶдԷ㻹ôܵס𣿹ȥ·˳㴦ϵˣҪ˰̶ѿ
𿴰ô࡭
ǣҵ֣һһ߲졣





 58 

ڱԷûͣãϵָ˼Саͼ۾ʹҴ·
˰ǵĴã߽ǰͿǸֻ˯۾гһߵ˵·Ƭ̶ûϢͼſ˯ȥˡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôһ޿κֲò˰̧ȥϹ
㼸ûЪˣ
ţ˿ڲ裬ϰԵֱͦıǵˡ
ĸ뿪Ӧþûú˯ϹһҲ˼̫أֵĻŵתһѱۺƽȣô˯ˡ
ι˯Ҫġȥ
Ȼһץסңؿֻš
ڡ
ͷгʪʹ⣬ӿ˾һһطĳӲȻҲˡ
طȥ˯ɣ
Ϲʧ̬һ̵ֱĲһɾһ棬ԴΪŻô󵨡
Ҳߣطɡ
ңòŵЦеŨĺɫڸȥ
ãҪ˯˯˶áסҵұϣұһͺá
ѵ£
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£Ҫȡڽ϶ɸЦˣôˣ
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ģ޳׾ĲӣӨ׵ķɫֵɫľ˿˶ϧ֮ġ
㻹ڽ⣿Ȼ㲻ǸŮ˵׹⣬ôֻҪϹ׵ѪǾϹҵĴү˭΢ʣ
⻰˵ķ񡣡ЦñǼҵգùǱȻ˽ٲίԼ˭һôнǣ̫ʵ̫Ҳ˵Լġ





 59 

Ҫ˵ʮǰʲô¾ͲòᵽһˣֵһؾᣬҲϹĸؾһ飬ĽйĴźϢֻҪ˵ĵطõȻӦ˺նౡʮķ绨ѩȴҹҲ˵ꡣ
ҪΪҳҵҸϳϹˡ
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˵ţ⴫һҴҵؽŲ㶣ͻȻӦ͵ش˿
ſֻ̫üһ̫̫죬Ҳ׽
¼߽Ǵõĸ

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ư
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 60 

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ĵֶΡҺһȻȥϧ԰ү۹ߣһ˻С㣬ɾһ¶ˮԵ¸˼һڵֲ˼һ棬˭֪ү飬һͿһŷġ
̫ˡĹâɢȥ̶ȾŨЦ⡣
ߣ˭㣡





 61 

ڱһǣǳΪʳǣȨĽ֯ءеּˣ㱳ļжûʵϵҪ̤ʳǾ͵·һҲֻеϯλӡ
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ҵüЦϲͺãҪٽж͸ץٺòã
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ʱϴ̽ԡɽǷ硣





 62 

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߱ĿʴˣƬ̲Żع񣬡ôţ꾩ųڽʱ֪
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طסϹҲ߯˵ɣգգۣ⿴ȥָ˴ǳ̻Իͣûʵ¥
˵תۿŹϵı鶼ˣȻϹЦòȻ
һƵ𣬿ȥһһĺߡ
ǣҾǰϹҪġ





 63 

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˾䶯˶죬ɻû˵ϻͱιȡ
ѽ¥ҲǸõط
ιԵĻػҸе˾Ź֮ϸ΢һλҲƽ£οǰγûʵļλ֮ˣ˻˭ܴʮرһγ˵ӭսб䡣ϹһԤϵģûгҪƻʳƾƵģ˿һʮĸ֣Ҫ˵ͷ˶ƺҲ˵ȥᳶϹѲ˵¥¥ͷϴ˵ͷ£Ϊ°²֪Ļڿ鲻򵥰򵥡
£ȥա˾Эˡ
ߵɫ̫ãλҲǸ˼ͺιЦˡ
߳ȥһ·δҲ㶼˸Ȼغһ
°ôòô䵭
ֻЦ£Ц⡣峺ã
⺢ֲǲ֪Ϲīʲô˸һ£ղſˣмаյģ
ЦϵıҲѵ
̷ԵüЩЩ˸ѹСɡСָ¥ʱεͻʸɫҲñȽ֣ԾĿǰ˵ľ
ģǾ˵аġ
õǿ϶˵ĵһģȴ޶˶һ󺮡ۣĻЦַЦһĥΣգղڱеģּˡ
ڨڨһЦ÷񡣡ֻ°и
ŶܱȾŹͷġ͵͵βУһ˲͸ЩȻ󡣡㵹˵Щˣ
ŴĮ쳿ҫǣԭꡣղһֱ޻İ˵һ䡣
ԭǿʢ˵ǲǣǣҵ֣һһ棬Ūء
쳿ҫǣʲô
һ岿䣬˵ӣҥоͦǿġϹɲԲҪѧҵĿ˵
üͷһˣԼ
Ϊлʳѹšȵȣôƶϣ˵ƻʳǵҲ˵ĳġ
µˣָҶǰ鷢дƶ
˵αҪҪƴһͻڱͱһȷʵ̫ⷽĿСʱҪȳɳ츳жӲĺѪ졣ôСʱͱ֪û˻һѣû˻Ụ㣬뿿Լ߳һ·ҪôĬĬȥ·ڹ
̾˿㵴Щ΢һأ۵
ûа취ƽʱεĺٻݻƪȵ̲ĵĿ϶ҡ





 64 

ҹ˷磬ԽĿʼ䣬֮ͲҳˣʵƵҲҪҳȥ
⼸ֿʼ˯˲Ҫ˵¥ķܸǸ˵ĵط
СˣҪ緹𣿡һźҸһʵ
ãҲ
þͷһЦʱˮ
ûỤ̊ݼܺǰ֮ȴʮİźһʱ侹ֲӦΡ
㣬С𣿡ĻһԽ
ҳһ۰࣬΢΢ü
ôˣ
ԥһ²˵õС㻹ٺӴΪá
áʮ¥ʮĸѾʼڧˣ
˵ֱ̫ףıЩΡ
Ŷѹ֮ûչᷢҲ֮ˡ
㣿òֻһ
ɰҸҴ֪ġ
ɡῪһᣬһǾЩ
죬׻ҵĻȥˡ
尵һƬ嵭ĲȴǶ˶ȥҲš
Сòأһǹɫ㡭
ҲͷҶһû˵ϻ
лֱ˵û˵Щϻ
֮ɫ֪Լײ˲˵
ʳǶ¶꣬ѵС㲻̫Ե𣿡
ʮ֤շǷ֮ϣʳͳ콭кβף
ǲף̫ϣ˺μ乫ƽǳаģҪˮȣ
˷ǰ˵Щʲôġ
籾ǿʳʥж٣ҪȻ㣬СαǻҪʲô
ҶµһЦ˿Ȼϣ¶ˣ̫ƽС㲻ΪǺģҲ޻˵
޻˵ͱ˵ˣϢ
һ仰ӹȥıͽסˡߣҪ˳˼ȥŶûС
࣬Ϳ͡
Ϸһ£Ҵ㵽ߡ򷢵ҧɣק˼ϸ
¥ԺĳмӨףޣ͸Ũ
ֳּô޵ˡ
ţ֦С㲻ǰҪҸժʵģ
⵹ãﻹ˳ȻĺãʲôڳԻʲôζá֦һҪŸˬֻżҪ˵Կ²á
СԲӣ¼ﶬҲȻпζõ⡣
վһĺĻ£Ʈɣɾ˳Ⱦ
ǳˣιӡ
תתۣΡιĹӣ
΢΢һЦɲ紺
ܸһɫ÷𣿡
ǺЦСҪһ궾
;ֻǲ֣
ػֻҡͷ
ҲգԸҲǿ󡣡
תҪߣȻͱˡ
ǣҵ֪ʱǨˣ
ϤĿȻϸһŷӦµĺιӾǺηʥ
ͬպΣôûϳǰ˾ƤߵҩݹδƤӡﶼѾģˣƽôҲǺͻʳǰ˸ӴŹϵһˣ˭˭Ҳ뵽ǺιĶӡ
㾪ʲôҲǱҵлġ˹Ҳˣҵ֪ϹǸҰĵˣңҲ°Ըȥ
ԭǹҴͷŰϸϸһ飬ʵ
ûͷûβһ䣬Ƭ̲зӦ
ʲô
ԭɱҰͷģٻҩҲ¾ܸ߳ࡣ
˵ֱȻһ£ӹһġİۡ
Ҹ˼⣬˭˭ţҲʵڲȥЩǸںǿԼʲôֻҪúõչԼԼȥˡ





 65 

ʱд̿Ͳ֣Ҫŵ˯ֶһ׵ε³ĵʱ򻹱ҵɳĵùһҩɾȵң߶ͷĴ̿Ͷõ
֪ڼĴ̿һ˴ӳ˽
ܻҵʱ߸࣬ûҭ
ϱǿԵĹ̫·ûҾͽʵʵıһӣˤһаֱš
վ¥ǰŰĥϾڵĳȥ࿴ȻЦúǷļƢİоϾ
ﻹûëձһ̤ȥб˳ŽĴû״ʶһˣȴһϤĻ޳ƹסҵķҵϢͬʱҲӡһǡ
㵹ܵñһ졣Цдƣ
ˣҲǸսӵϢŹġ
ҧ𴽣ͷۿܺ졣
뵽֮ǰԼˮƸһĻҿѲο˿̵֮˵ǣͻȻЩˡ´˽ģҲؽٿˣ϶ֻ֮һ˵ģǣǰǣҲ䡣
ϵʲôôҳģĳʱϹѾתǰ
ţû־ҵա
࣬ô£üϸšʵ
ǰ಻ãС·̫Сһӡ
ϹҲϵĻҳĵ·ϵģ˲ĵͷ
Ĵһ̫ܵˡͶȥһЦ˵ֿңҶᵯ£ײײģô
Ǳ¼ƢԸõŮô࣬ȴƫƫֻҪһ
ɣ䡣ǣҽţ࣬ȥ¯Щ㣬ůһ
ȥ齣޸šúһ߿ţҪܲסɡ
ʲô𣿡
˵ΪһŮҶҪˡ
ŮظһֺЦƳһۣûǴĻ»˼Ҽ˵ųɵģ뿴ЦǼҺ𣿡
ܰ˵˻
ǲҲûԲŻｻϣҲСֶŮӰŻ˵
ϵֽ˽˵úܹڲʵ
ʵ˵˭ģ
硭
أ
硣
Ϲһһô
ǭ¥ˣīҲˣžͻǷĪ硣֮ŲͷҲ
ҿᵽĪ磬Ϲͻż׾ɱ⣬⼸ѾΪϰ˰ɡ
ţöˡӽôߣҪ̫Զ
ȥʵġ
硭΢Ʈ
Ϲ˿̾ʦڣʲô
˲۾ֺɫ԰׵Ľ˲࿴
ЩҾͺ˵ҰߵĿģʱҲ˵ԼϵĵӾȻô֪ҵĵ߻ĿŵԽ˹ȥʱ֪Ҹ¹㺮ɢܹɱǶΥҵֻҲ޿֣ҶҲ׷һᵫǼ˵ȥ㵽ײ
Ȼһֱ֪Ҫ˵ˣͺƤϵ̣ȥʹγҲʹ
˵ļܲסɲŵǱܳţײŲİࡣ
ЩʼɢȥٹһʱҪѩ˰ɡ





 71 

Ƭ̣漴Ц۽ǻһĻȡ
ȻˣҲ˲Ըˡ
һô۵ʱ㴫뽣ĺò徲
˵ССģֶվǰӾмϹζ
𴽣úЦСʲôĪ粻˵ңýָ˵Ҫɱᶯҷֺ
Ҿ֪һ˸㲻ͳ紵֮С
һ̵֪ľڻƤϣȻֻͯģʽ󻹶һˣĶӺӡ
濴˿ֻҹɫ䡣
ˣϹĻڿϰɫůףʹЩ롣
ڷĪоԵţ֪ңҪǻ˾۾˵ˣҲ˺͡
صܹôһȦӿɲǿϷô򵥰ɡ
ЦЦʧɫĶƫҪɷ۲ſϰݡ
ȥ˭кôǸʲôмֵ
˭кô˵ʲôϹҿͶԸкôġ
ҿһҲЦ̾ͿһĨ㵡
ұͺмֵҲһˡ
ɫ˱䣬Сͯ͵˱ůȥ׼Ļܵ
ӣǲãϵĺȡ
ҹĻе黹䣬вֻһ˫۰Ŀҡ
һСӻ˭ãΪץҶʱ䣿
ûУȻ˾ҽµˡ
ٿǱߣѾСϣ۶ϳأ͸׵¹ڶϿڴ۵
ǰ²αҲ䣬Ҿûеס
ɶѣȶȵֺαؼһʱ۲԰׵ϸԵĳ˵˸˵㶼̲ˣ
һգ½ҹ¶Щˡ
ΣҪڧ߰ɡ
˲̧ͷߣεζýֱһ˲
˵޾˹Ҫҵ½ʱýˡ
һ˵񾭶ýأҪͻȻûмܵס
£ù𣿡Ҳͷʡ
»һɾ΢Ц򲻹
⺢ӣҲ̫ʵˡ
Ϊӵĵ𣿡
̾˿˵ҪôǲЪϢһ˯ء
˵仰ϵЦݲҲס˳ĿɿڴĿɿڴþöû
ʲôҵȷˣ˯ûˣ
Īò׻ָһѩ°ı飬ǳιιҪѵ
ãֻҪߣ뿪㰮˯þ˯á仰˵ǿôӲ
ҪĽ˿˯ź
žһҺĻۿǾñӳ̨ױϵһˡ
ʱ䡣
˵곤޾׷˹ýסޡ
һǸĸ֣֮ӰۻңҾͿˡ
ȻҺϲ֣Ҳôҹĺòá
ûãһߵҲϧǶ֡
ˣҸߣҵˡ
ˣϹģ
۽һǳԴҩˣ˵̡
ҽҲƢ̫ˣǰֵڡ
ľҵģôҵȷлˣ俴ൽûѡ
ЦԽĶޣôҶС
ڵôûһ鷳߶ţҸСֻõһ䡣
ϲ˶ãӾҡУҪ룬ú˯˾񡣡





 72 

˴ҹʵ۷ˣԯ˯һ
Թ緹úȥߣֻ̤ȥһͱ˻
òױﵽʱ򣬲ĪȴһֻҼӲˡ
ѵûζý߽ߵͯҲûţԲ࿴ۡ
㵹һ㶼¡Ӹ£°ͺ˵
ҸɴҲ̧ͷͷ۰οҪŶûе¡˷ŭϹ¹ʲô
һʲôⶼܽ
ػҶ棬԰ûκα顣
֪жġԯûյý谵ֻӳƽ޲˿ն㻹ɱңʲôĵطӦ
ĵط仰˵ֻ»̼һӳɲ㡣
ֻҪб˭ԵϽ֪ɣҵļ壿̧ۣƤÿ缡޺ǱȻ̣ǡҵһҪĴĲоӲģҲͰˣ֪Ǽʲô޲𣿡
˵ô֪ɾǰֶ²ֱҲҪȥָʽȹҪ϶䶼
ǰΪһСҲﵱʱֻʮ꣬Сɣ˵˵žЦޡ˵ùǸù̫Ȼ䵽ˡĵزԼǣ¸ҲŸҰһһĳҪûôǲֻ᲻һأ
ȻǲģڸЩʲôҪһҪҸ㸺
ǲΪʲôҲѧһǸŮҲ̫ųҵأôѿôݣҾƾʲôأĶôԼϣﶼǱ˵ģԲԣ
ôݣڲ˵ǾòҪ˶һܡ
ôʲôֱ˵Ҫ¼ߵǸλòͳˣ
΢΢ס漴ЦһǷ̵ġ
ӦҪлҵģû֧ĺ⣬˵Ļȥ΢ĳ̶ֳܸһֻȥ
ƿһѺۣüǳǿʶû˵Ŀϣֺαʧ̬
ɨˣӰҳԷ顣
ڹңҵûһ㣿ȻԸھܲһҲ𣿡
԰׵ϸ˺ΣȦȦ֬ǰ˶ʱͬŭŵĴһ
ϸ׵ָΪ׵͸ؿΪ
ҪΪҲɱ㣡
ЦҪĸɱҾͲҴˡ
ң絶ȻЦЦúᣬȴҵĽ˽
Ϊܴ̼ңѪĥϹİơ
⣬ⲽµˡ
߹筺ɫĳҷأѩ׵ëձ¾Ҫĺ컨Իб˻аԹҲ
û
֮Ϊ㻹
ʲô֪ˣ˵ڴϹ㣿ҵǲ֪ʲôʱҲϲεˣ
ۣſ֣
ûп˵ʱԭץ־ͱ˳ץúܽԲɱŪʹҡ
ǣһ¶ѣбҪôϸڵҿķ
ѩζɢգü֪
ûŪʹ㣿ĪСĵʣҪһѴ򿪡
Ȼʹƿ䣬ѩ϶ӡȻ˴ĿĵȴǺӡ֮½ªĳݺۡ 
Ī磬Һüǰͺ˵Ҳܸӣ㵽ϲһΪ˵òִţ
һȻʹºŭͲġ
ԼôϰԼƣ





 73 

˵̫Բһ£Ƣһ˾ʲô˲õˣھǺںҲˣһһ˵ô˵ȥĻóȥˮ
Ҽѵ˿ڿˮˣŬԺЩһķϵõѧʽ˵ϹĥʲôŹôѶԸ
ʵҲܹҰѻ˵ֱ̫ʵǾŪˡ
ôأҪҿ϶ˣ˰ɣ
⻰ҪŷĪ˵Ч
ĪɫȻˣתͷޱ飬ľۡ
ɱ
롣˵ЦЦѪŻá
ȥ
ʼ磬ǳŪȴһĨӡᲽƿһ۾žѪ
ûɵĲһ£һ̵·ͶǰǸѪĲ԰غˣɲǵĴûɱ
ĪҶ˻
ôˡƳδ룬ľƵţƤֽŨİϢ
ΪΣü÷Ϲ˲ˣ
ԼҪʵģû
ΪʲôӦҪĲ𣿡
Ϊô࣬һô࣬ҪǺһôң
ֻ֪Һܺá
ұʶ㣬ûпѡң
羮ҡҡͷ
ҵԸ̫Զʡ
ϹͱҺˣһȤĮ㶯֡
һ
ĵߣҲ֪ԼԵĹˣʵףΪЩ£׷Ųֻ໥̽Է⡣
Īۣ԰׵ָ΢΢ţòŴ߳һĨЦʱԶһļżɪ㲻ֹ˿
ôġ
ľͻˮѶҲҵķ񣬺οǸ˺ܲƽ뵽̲סЦЦʲôʱʼ¶벻ˣԼվݵ
ֺαȥеԭ㲻мһ˵ЩΣΪҲֵá㲻ʺȨĶǵҪǷҰס˽ҲΪʲôҳϲԭ򡣡

ܴõƬ̵İ񣬱
˭ܱ˼˭ܱĺأͷβںġеĶֻһϹȻ֪ҸԸãΪұŽҵҲҲ
ұۣ̿𽥼ǰ궬ѩй¾͸޲̻ص֮ߣҳܲѹһҲͰˣƫҪټӸĪ磬ǵǱ˵ģ
ˣˡȻ䣬ʱӱҲַʽ
ҿãõΪһҹҪȥƿߣɫ԰װѩһļį
뿪ʱһҵľȻ޴ڵ壬ǰĳŨҡ
ͷ۵ԯﻹ͸ϵȼһƬ谵Ψʣ⼷ĵ΢⡣
С㣿һСС⴫˽̽С
˭Ҹɴ
ƿ͸һƬƣЩۡ
߽ȣůɫСаͬɫϵʯȹƯ
Сӿɰã²Խˮˡ
С˺죬С˵Цˡ
źϴ£緹ԯֻʣһˣСˡ





 74 

ڴװʱˡ
ôУһΪҪˡ
ִ
ôᣬҪҲǵȷҲܷ谡
ߣҿ㻹ŵʲôʱ򣬵ԼĿɽʲôұȣ˵껹һЦ
̾ƤҪұȣҿûаҪʲô˼
ĿһɾͰνһ´ӴϺ־Բ顣
ԽԽˣҲԽԽˡе׾ͲǱͷôˣҲŲ˶ãȥѪֻ¡
û꣬ҪҹⲻȥҲˣ챾ͱһӵѻ
ȴ֪ͣջҵĲӣһʹ
ҿ
ЦΪԸ⿴㣿
ӹȥϵĲʹɱԯﱾͼªٵÿЩûˣҵѾﵽ˼ޣ㺮ɢĶʱ
С뻹СҪûھ۵ȴϺϣôôƣǳɤӺ
ôˣ㲻һйܽ𣡡
ѽˣ֧ľʹôһʽŽҲѧġ
ȻؼʱʲôӢ۾£ӰûУֻԾȲģ
ĺΪ㺮ɢļ±䣬ʵܲԺܲ˹ȥ

ϹĲ֪أ
תѵʱСЩʣһɴ
ȡȿȡſ˵ɸк
ϺڵĿɹǺ
СŵĵһˮСĵĸι£Żһ㡣
˶ӣòϽأһԭ˰ײǾδˡ
Ϻأ˳𲻱
ʡ
˵Ҿ˱壬ûֱѵ˻
Ҫӣ
ԥûջѣͻȻ뵽һҪ⡣
Ϻģ
ӥ۽˽ȴ˵
Ҳ㿴ιȥ˲ŰϺµģıҾ֪˴𰸣Ǻңֲ֮ΥԽϺѵǲǣ
˵ǺᣬһŮ˺αҪϬ˵¶ֱס
һǷǳǳȼˡ
¶һҾ֪񣬽Ƿҹȥ
ϵʱĿһߣ̷࣬䡣
۵Ų裬ü˳۵ģ˵ܲеϢôҲǸɡ
ôĽɣѡ
ӣƾĽмܵģΪĸߵͬߡ
̷üȻ̫ţ˽⡣
Ц£ǣЩӲ
Һ𣿡
أ
ƾڵĹִ򲻹αûȤ
⻰˵ƣһͰˮϢҵ档
ѡתĿ꣬ûǴĻǾŹ̷ɣʳ㲻ڳȴɽ
ǰɽǸõط
㲻˵û˵ư͡ҺݺݵһۣҪɱҵҺαع϶Ǵ
֮ôˣȻ˵£ȴƲ˵ġ
̷ɫ˲ŤɱϹȻݾǾܡ
ô˵԰ģܵвһ
ⲻǸһûء
ЦôĶԹΪʲôһɢȥİˣޡ
˵ɺãһߵͻȻ˵
Сưͣ˹Ȼйϸ
ôɱȫһɱȫңѿɫЦЦŶԣϼ˶ڣǾɱȫҿ
汻˵ˣ˴Ҷ΢ʣ¾Ȼ׵ңǴصˡ
֪ߵغѾͷΪԼ׵𻹸ų˹㲻߳ܣ
ѱˣ㻹ôࣿ
ü˵ǻԲҪҲˡ
ˣǸһʶֻᱻվ˹ȻôҾϹô
ԶǸֻ֣ڿ뿪Ĺطˡ





 75 

ƻԶƽ޲ϼƮ޼ʣȥǳա
ﲻůͣ¯ڵѬ㲢ס㺮ɢʹů¯ź·Ҳûȥǹ䡣
һһҪĺȣɢܸоһ㡣Сӣʪ⡣
һˮ鿣飬ľ߲൱ɱ¡
ԼɱһĨɫӰ绪¡
С㡭
ţͷСƺл˵
ү⼸պܲģմƣȴ˴С֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ʵộҲҪ֪
£ô֪أ˿ڲ裬ˮĨӰЦ˿Ҫǵģȥźûйϵ
ĿңòŻæͷū澲Υӵ
ʲôźһǺңҧ𴽣¶ɫ̾̾Լǿ̱ˣŰɣ˯һᡣ
ֱӰʧҷ˱ߵߣ԰ĺӰˮ߳ᲽҡǷɣĹϼĵ»ʣˮ˿ʱʱ֣ڵķٺĽ¡
·ʱֱͦı΢΢򦣬Ŷ󣬵վƽ̨Ͻ²̤ķ·½ɽһ˵ǸԶ׳ɽӱ֮䡣
ͻȻϸۿ˹һЦǳһɲǾƲۡ
Ķһմ˾ͲܽȻΪԼܹӵⲻ֪Ľʧ֪޾
̫ˣ㡣
Ƶһ̧ͷ۾ͽߣҶҪ㣬Ѫĺ촽Ԥ׵ľ͸
շһĬ̽ˮҲ
ǳƿһعƿЦ⣬ǳ
ˮƽ̨û˵ӰЩĻš
ˣһú
ǹģҵʹϲ
ô˵֮׾ôĹϵ
ƾʲôô˵
֮ûΣԹ㺮ɢ𣿡һߣطܣչ©
ĻһŵĴ̣ȥʹγʹ
㣬Ҳж
Ҫ˵ôһѪж˽Ƶġ
֪Ҫ𣿡
㿴˵ĵطͻѵЦûһҲûеİˣƯ
һĶҵԸǰɣֱȥȴֻˮ鿹Ӱ
ȻһֺĿҡ
ʲôͷҲصʡ
֮ǰ˵Ҫ¹ȥ˿̡ڣô˵
ôǾ֮䲻ξͲһˣüͷЩꡣ
˵һ㣬漴Цò¾
Ҹ·ߣԼҪġǿҲôִţôһԧ죿
ǰҲûô¡ҰǿҪߡ
ȥģɫ֣һѳסҵ졣
ҵһԧ졣
۵˲ݶһֻĿ
ȷӦҪģ֪޼ղ㡣
ô˵㣬֣ŵˡ
һЦɻ۵ţ·ɪľ
һϮпϣӺݸǹЦ޺۲תԡ
еŽ紵Ͷ˿˿ƿҡ
ôЩ£˵൱⡣
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ĥʲôô˵Լڶ
ʱң۾ڵ͸
ˣôһ䡣
ҵ۱µ˵ֻϷңҲˡ
Ҳ֪ôճʱͻȻеЩ̫˳ͷԭǾҵ졣
δʦչ鲻𣿡
ʦ֮꣬οɿͿɾ˽ǡ֣̫ˡ
ߣûõĶЦһźãȻô졣
δʦûãҪҲ̫˰ɡ
ҲĶ˶ӣǣ֮ǰȴֻ̫ܿˡ





 76 

Ҫһ
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Ƽã¼ôõ¡
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˸ʵλϿţۣϰŪһָ 
㣡ۺۣɫҰ׵ˡ
ôˣǲǺ죿˻еİָϷŪèһϷʡ
īԭеһжƺ˵ģǶֻǰļƻߣֻǽҪЩûõļߣ˳㽫Ź˳ĹԼĵλѵͰѻʳˣһ˵Ҳⲻһ亹ܰӻʳǴҲƻһ֣
׵Ļ졣Ҫ٣ﰵ̫ദΣգ뻹ǣû֮ǡָȻͱϬϵô£
ûʲôһҾˣϺ֪㵽ȥˣû
۵ɫܲÿֽ˽
Ϊ̷ǸϺĻṰְϳλã֪λöˣϳģ˵ûָλҲɢϢ͵ʱı乫䲻ĹأʼձĦ޲˻ôۿҪֵĶĸԸĸ𣿡
˵һ۵־ͽһ£ϹܱܲôϻҶˣ
̼ùˣһ㣬Ҫ۵ġ
ֻ˵ôҲϾͲ˺òá
ξƴҲû㵽Ǹǰɡ۵һĨ̵Ŀ⡣
ֻһ仰Ϲı˲ת˲ţȴҲ̹ǵĺӽ
ţǳľϲ˵úᣬɿž۵Ľ˲ұӡ
ʱҲ׹һֱԭԭڽ£ڱԹûмʱƿۡ
۴ˣѾõ̫ˣһЩ޹ؽҪĶҲνɡ
˵΢Щ̫ĵʹ˵վ̫
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˸λͻΪ㣬֮ǰҪлҲŶԡ
ϹʲôЦƶЦѹغһƽ
֣ҪҺһ̸ԼŮ˶ûа취ãһ𣿡Ц꣬üοԼϲһ˵ûУõ
Һ˺˲õĶԻһЩصúػɬĶϹݺ˿ԻŨҵĿɬ
ʹ̧ͷڲ԰׵ķɫɫ׿ɼ͸һ·ܱĽ̫Ǳ
ͻȻһΣһܾû˳ŽƮ˹
Ҿ֪ֵҴȥʮ
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ֿɴգ˫ӰӰ仰˭˵ţ
벻ѹúܵͣ˵٣Ϣܲȡ
ҡŲȤڱѹýأҿʼϹŪŭ˻ͷҷҧ㲻ɡ
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ȤǷҵġ˵ʼԣȵֶ֪
Ļ͸ŰĺһƵͷţǱߵϹ
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ϹңϸϸĿ˸飬ҵڣ΢ָصظҲϵ˿ڣīкεĵǡ
ʹʹ˭Ūģͣǰ˵ĶҪˡ
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˺ˣûˣڣ¡ҵıһһ£˰ġ
۶Σ㶼Ӧöң㲻˵ֻ߲ȫȻҶۣһֱҪɱҵˣ˵ûġ´Ҫ£ҾͰ㶪ȥι
ЦҵҰ·úõ¡
úúãģǻȥ˺òã
šؿڲ˲䣬˲ųڿȥ֮˵ۡ
࣬ǸǻҷӵѾ御ˡ
ܾ֮ã۶һֱ䲻δû˼Ǹ԰׶ˣϾŲ裬һЦû¶ʧɫ





 77 

վھ¥ǰһѪɫ£
۴һȣЦüͷ΢΢š
ڣûͷûβ
ȫ𡣡
ϹˣȻĻشҲһͷˮʲôʱһϵˣ
û˫ӰչҶص˵Ǵ˵еĦޡ
ʲôʲôֱֱĿûӦ
ŰɣҲ˺þòŽʵġ
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ҿ˫Ӱʣָȥԭվ˵ĵطѿտҲ
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Ǿñһ˾̫ˣһǰɡ
˫Ӱ˿ң߸ĸҲ֪ߵҲ 
ιʲôֶҴհҲСûˣһ㱻ȥô죿
᲻ᡣڰ֣Ҿ;԰ȫ˵㿴Ϲ˿ô𣿡
ʲôбһۣӣʱ׹ˡ
ҿվһôôһԽã᲻ġ 
ôһ˵˫Ӱɫʱˣޱ˵Ůˡ
Ӳǲǣ
׼ǰϹʼˡ
˵ˡ
ߣûԣ
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ȥˣϴ˵Ļ
һ㶣ǣҵ֣þſʼĨҲĨȥЦ⡣
˵أ
һ֪׽Ūңⲻ˻ǻЩ룬Լһݽһ˵Ԩˡ
ƭô棿
㿴ⲻûƭ
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ţΪߣҪһȥԡ
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˼еӣͻȻ˳ﻹסأϹڸոʽγλæúܣÿȥǲǲ
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ˣӢ
룬Ƭ̲ŷӦڽң֮ǸҪٵȰ£ϳ˶Ѿôˡ
ӢδС׷һ硣
Ŷһȥطҡ
˵˾͸һƵģܿԶ
ǣÿζҪ߶ŵϢСԹһ䡣
Ҳÿô񣬲Ҳֲ١
СЩ죬ĿһᣬˣƢɱǰöˡ
𣿡ЦЦžһЩµһͣҵǰƢλȥҪɳİɡ
ū˸ԯȥɡ
ţҲá
ǳҪůͶˣҪһ·߹ȥŹ֡
˳ݻĲۣڶյĻ¸ɬ
߽ԺﾹȻ۵Ŀݲ仨ŽգҰשǽɪ
αҪԼŪ㲻֪𣬿˱ɺ֮





 78 

ľϣľȻնһİ£۵Ĳˡ
أͷɫãɻڸǲ毺µĿɰ
֪ΪұʵЩ£̧ͷվſڵľ飬Ҳһ㲡
ûа취㣬ʦܹһ۰ɣһҲá
ʲôֲϹģȻĳ㲻úãҲڸƽ°ɡ
ҽ֮˼𣿡
С㡭˲ôµôˣȴ𡣾˵֦ķˣ˵öãǷҪ㡣أҲϹҵһԶףߣԭ򲻹ΪҵģմСֹ⡣СʱҵȻܳȻ°ĻСдͲҪңкأұϾû⾫ӣûһĸҲû⽿Ƣһ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôͲԸأԼҲù
Ц˿һľ޻
ҲģЩߣƾʲôȴõһС
Ϊ㲻Ҳ㡣ֻǰһңԶ㽣òԾرֻǲԼ⼸ĸûеõӦĻرˡҪ˵֪ǰǻӣԸǲԸЦݽϣЦЦûϲཻĵز
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Сǯסɣ߿ҵ׺ޡ
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¥۵ֱһʱûкúͲˡ
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ĸùˮһڹ¡İɣ֪һͲסȥ˶㻵˶ңò氡
ЦЦϣ±־Ҫתصذѱץ˵һ泯
ǺþûֳԾıˣҰ͵Цһѣ治ɫ
ٿҾͺˣȻת˲ͱñ̹ǣС
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˴ҿ˺һŻ
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ʲô
Ѫñ˺ۡ
ƽ۽ɢĵйѪζ
㡭ɱ
̧ۣϺҩҼձһ¡





 79 

ʲôأСԴ뷨ˡ
ִľóһСƿҩ˵ָ⣬ȻҵĲӣ˵úرƵȥط
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ô죿
ǿزʦҲǸɶõ˲ţȥúùӣ㿴ô
ǰǰ˳ĮǱߵƶԲԣ
֮ؿɳĮЩʱڴĮһЩƵǽԭԺīΪпīڻʳǣֱספƱҪһӵĶҡ
ջƿֱң̾
һжƽҲߣһ֪ҵ˶á
Ҿͻ߶߶û꣬ЩĶòҵһܹô˵Ļ˵˵ԽԽͣȵȫûˣٻͷһȻô˯ˡʱ͸̾ˣְ᲻ҲԸ¾
ȻҲ⣬ֻ̧ͷŴƮƶʱ䡣ҪǰϲĶ綼û֮һǸ˹ƣô͹ء
޲ƽˮĶȹǴΪݳ޵Ը˰ɡ
һֱ˰ϵ˲תѣֻʱŻ¶ãı飬ڵˮ뵣ֱ˿ͷ
šʲôʱˣﻹŸո˯ʱеɳƣ˹ͷҪֵһ롣
ʮּɬ˿ĭЩڸ
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⡣
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⡣
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ŶӦҪĵƷ˲ʷǳΪĺúý㡣
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Сأ췣ȥ˰ɣ
Եá
ǸҪʲôķ
򰤰ӣ̡
ûҪɣȥСл߻Ҫźŵġ
ǡ
Ҫôȥǣ
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ҸҪٶȻ̧ͷѸײڶ֮ƽƵڵأϬķ̹
ȵ󼱴յķƹȥĿǰ
Һ֧֧ն·°ڣһ֧ıϣȾѪ˿·һȻѪ֦Ҷÿһ綼Ҫ
ͷȥֻ޼ʵĲ¥ζķ壬˵ӰӰûС
էؽעҪ̫ƽ






 80 

붪һӸӣɫü
жϰԵҪȥӣȴֻһƬ⻬
ʲô˫Ӱһ̹ӣ߳Աʡ
ҿüͷ˳飬ľ׳ƼѪ֭ҺͿڼͷϣ˲ɱ
أ
е𣬡ҲΣգÿŵһѪΪҪŶѪᵼƶѪϺӳѪΪ
˫Ӱͷֻ۾תתľת
Ӻܴ󣬱Ҳܴ벻뿴ߵ®ɽĿ
Լȥֱ˵ҡȻҲȤһֿҵȣеͷķݡ
˫ӰϹй˼ɣ׻ĺռϷ磬ֲʼįһ
Σȥҩһ֧Ҫġ
̧ۣЩ죬Ǵ󷽡
ҩﻹвٵףҪҪҲԣֻ
Ϲҿıζ
붯˶죬֪ɻûסʲô
ҪΪá
ܡѿڶ
Ϲ¶ϧı飬ϧЩҩİ
㡭Ҳҽ𣿡 
Ȼ˵߶ͣ˹Ҳǻ췴ġ
Ҳ¡
ţۣһ֧Ѫֵ٣˵ռطˡ
˲ɴۣû
ʲôˡ
ĳֻ΢΢ǣһ˭ʤ˭׾˽
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˫Ӱץֲţ˵һ
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ϹЦ⣬ʾȥ
һڸۻҪ֮
һһأЦţѭѭա
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֮в֣ǲ֪һߵĽ֣ĶľôЦôãҾŵŨŨΣϢʴҲ̫˵ķ񰡡
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㹻˰̫ûнѵ㣬ԽԽˣ
Ӱ֣ûк˵ܵĴ㣿һյţ˵ǡ
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ļҶڷ⣬ȴȻһֱ̫ƽԪ
֮󣬸óﱸĶڳﱸһû¡ú˼£ȵԪʮҴϴ켪ϽεʱһĻ㱡
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˵ҿɲίԼ£һӣŲӵ㶼׷
쳤ؾãǰ·жѶҪǣ֣һȥ





 81 

ʱΪδɢȥשϻһҹѩỤ̃һġ
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ںһģһ󼦷ɹ
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ξӷϹϵأɫ׺
һߣźһȦ׼緹
߸˻˯ʵģԴ尧һҡҡλεܣžͿʼԹˡ
ܰû°Ѵô󣬲֪ж䰡ֵӺòϵһζûˣ
ˣ˯˼ʱܰôͱҲ⼸Ϲͷ
ܲܲʲôһ
ξϢľʹӺǼֱӡ
緹ǰϣСүˡ
Сүϧ԰
ȥȥȥ㵱Сүǰʲôܲˡ
Сүǳġ
죬ҪҪԴˣٶʮȦʱڸ꣬ܲľͱԷˣ
ź꣬Ǽ˾ţһܿˡ
ںһһߵ̺󣬺ľߣݻ
ɵʯվһλɫµ꣬⿴Ӱ
үưڵٺÿһֵķҲ򲻼ǷڣŲ𣿡
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㲻˵үҴ磡
Ϲܵӣһ߶šǡ
ξأ˫ֱӣʱꡣ
ǰȺү
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ϹֵЦǡ
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ξСӸүȥٰ
ȥ˵һ仰ƨˡ
˶ϰλСүξһ֣СܰǺúñֵĻˣ
ѡеȴͬʱֹţүĸҹⲻȥǰɡ

Ϻã϶Ů
ϧ԰̴¥СүǶ˶ʡȤ
ںСүڣһſŵСϲڻ۳֮У̻֮ؾСү֮ӰϾﰢè֪¡
㿴СүֶžƱ˼ҹˮˡСһͷĵܰ
һߵĵܰû㱻ҭȿȿȿȡȿȡ
ô˳ԷԲˣ׻һǵġݹȥһˮ
ʱܰǸƾԲȳԷԵһ뿴Ĳʧ𿪴뿴羰д
ʵⲻǵܰﵹùѡ
СүСһվͻأĺܣܰûһڷҭؿڡ
ֻСߡಡĴ˳ȥȥ׷ǸܵñӻСү
ջˮ͵һߵعͷԭܼҡ
ôһڷŵӲȥ
үǡ
Ȼ϶ŮɫһۣǰүѵЩ˾Ͷ˴λ
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ԵܰòһѣϹ˵ֻеľɫһλСүעأΪֹʱǸ°ɡ





 82 

ʱ򱱷ʵ䣬ҴȥĳЩֲ֪ôѲֻЯСֻٰٳ֮ǰֶˡһǵӢĵ˵Ҫңʵ˭֪Щ᳦ӣ͵һôô˦˦˫ӰƤҩûճΡ
̫ûҾȻһʱû˷
֮ȥԷҶˡ
ôҲٰģȻ᲻ϵûؼҵ·
üһѳ۵˫ӰԶǼ̶ûǰݼҵͽסĵطԭߵٹոݸˣһǽƹȥĽ·Ҳˣû·Թȥֻе߶šб£ָ·Ҫʱڵ˶ң֪ܹͨܵ
ΪʲôͻȻôˣԷԷ
һתĶǿ죬գ۾һ̵˾¥
Ҹǰ̤һ¥䲻ͱĳɫĲ壬˫Ӱת˸Ȧ
ˣʷ󣬿мˣסδмҲ
ʵ£ʵֻ־Ҫ֮ǰ൲
Сˣʷ󣬿мˣסδ
Űɫ˰װ˺죬ΪɫѾڳȴһֹˡ
үͨͨһֺˬʡ
Сã㿴Ȼǽˣʤհ
Сϸ΢ĳ鴤ȻԼӵִӰϰ
үʲôİɣ˵ҪŮ̴¥ﲻ𣿡
һǣ̴¥ݺݺʲôӶƵĳ鿪Լ׺֣·ϲ˲
СƳһ۱æƲʲôȥӡ
ĳСӣ·û۾˫Ӱ˶ش
ϸƤ㶣ҪС֡
Ĵֱ֮˸ҶԱүСү˭
ںСүڡ
˫ӰۣŶŶǸķүСˣСҪСģʲôү
Ҳźۼü͢˻ǸСүôɣ
㻹ҪҪԷˣһ˫ӰҲû˼ڣҾԽ˾¥
ɲ˶¥Ҿ;һЩ߶ƽ˿вͬ
ֱֱĿȥûж㿪Ҳûװ֪һˣһŮŮһԶׯС׺ǳЦִһ൱ɣŵϲûκεı飬ǶĺüĿӢͦߴ׳Ӧò
ˣһ
ջ۵һȵö˫Ӱ١
ʱ¥˲࣬ΪѾʱĳԷʱ䣬һ̧ͷⲻ˾ͿԼڡԭˣһаߣһСµ꣬һ˫èһ㡣
Կ㣬ߣߵŻҪһЩʱء
һٷҵĴߴֻһ̲ͽˣ¥֮ǰֿһ۴Ҳɫ۳޲ԵĲ˰㴭ϢĻᣬҹʶЦЦͷСء
˾¥ԶͿΪںӢ׷˹СһԶȫﶪ 
Թô
Ӣͷһ˵¶⡣ 
ţ·ɡ
·ƽ£ݸʱ̫ûɽ 
ôͻȻ뿴ˣ˫Ӱ˳ҵ߿ȥ
ղΪʲôֱӾ¥ 
𣿡һš
ٰǸͷܶĵط˺ͽ˾Ӷ࣬ٸ͢˳ǱҪٻܣո㿴һǹںСүһŮҲˣϵӺ֮ͨУҲдҵˣ϶˷ͰȻ²ǻ׾ǹݡǲ֪ǳǳġ
⻹ò£϶㲻ҡҴǱߵ˶ԲۣȻǲԸǽӴԣⲻͺͷϵ顪ŵ
˵ǲǼ޴ˣ
ô˵Щ졣
Щǵ鷳¶Ҿȥ˼Ӧ 





 83 

Ǹʱŵ·ûз⣬ҲûѡǼ¥ܶҲͻ᲻һϧûôЩ¸Ҳչ㲻
¶̧ͷҾȻޱȵҪ֦ڻʳǵʱ򣬿԰֦ûȤԶ˲浹ˡ˫Ӱ˵Ǿһۡ
ڸ˽£ôʱҪû뵽ĶȻٰҲô䣬ˡʵڰסҪʷ۵ĶĶһҪóԣζˣԾͰԼʵʵضźš
֪ϬǴɺϣŴҾͿһϤǰͣ
н¼أ˪ѩϣɾֽҡҷ̤ѩӯţ˿ˡ޲ðȡ
׼ȥĶ
Ҳһشħצңкҵüġ
ôҵţ
˼˵һʲôÿʲôʲôòãһˮˣյĵһţҲŷԭ˻ôɵһ棬൱˷˼ұ˺һӣԥŸôأĵڶžͽˣһô˾һʲô
߿ҪȥԶ
ûʱء
ȥʷûλˡ
¥С
֪¥һֱ˰ţҲ֪ĸȱµġ
ҲŲȱ¡

ǲȱ£ȱۡ鵱صо˯ϵʷۻһλֻöŶӻؼңȫ㺦ġ
е·꣬ʷѵͥ壬֪ǱСү˵ײĴúͶ¥
ͬĵӣֻڿ˺ͻȻֹ˲ͣ˿ڡ
ǲϡ棬ô˵ʷ۶ٰõľ¥һŮѵǸһ·ģ汻Ҳˣ׹Ȼʶģ
̧ͷϹЦһ죬ӵжˣҾ;︡һëëĸо
è壬ôţұ¥
Ǹʶ
ĸùҵֿ֣ʼҵָ
ɫ·Ǹеġ
Ŷҡҡͷʶ

ΪʲôҪĲġ
ˣ
ҵƢԽԽˣûУֻǺڡ
üĿһ𴽾û˳ȥ
ֱֱĿһС翪ʼԽԽҡ
ϴ֧㻹ǵ𣿡ЦЦ˳˶ǰ鷢
һû¹Ķǵðôˣ 
ǴµĻıйϵҹϵǳ
ҹǳҶӶˡ
Ϊεҵıӣ
һֱ㣬ڣȻղתƻ⣬ɵľͰƽҡ
Ǽǰˣһ߸Ҳһʡ
ٰĵһͼˡ
ԺҲԶ㡣
Ϊʲô㲻˵ʶ𣿡
СүҲˣؼ׺Ǹӡ˵˵˹ɱ˲ѪϵĴɱɱȵϹĹĶǣǹ׵ѷҶ̰ɡ
ʲôͷôСģ
˶ǻ׹ˣƽСղСѵűͷ𣿡
⻰˵ţϹ˭͹ͷ
ȥɣ䡣
һҪһļôͺˡ
ΰɣ꿪ҶҪֻġ
У㡣ǣ۵Ц⡣
ȥ֮ڸ˻һ£ÿ첻קȥҵ֣ҪôҺһż˾飬֮һŲܣôûиʱġ
ߣȵ꿪͵űʰɣ





 84 

УͷδůһžʹҴҵشϹûǸһӱޣһСƵƻȥ
յ˰Ǳڴ˽ţӭţұȼﻹסҲǸǽͷݵĶǰʱڰסţڽϿңֺۿ˵ͣҪߵÿһ䳰ȷĻͳˡ
ǰһʱûʱʣ˫Ӱʧٵȥˣ
ӢҺ裬ޱеĿŹӡ
֮˾֪ûϷ϶Լȥˣճġ
ô͸ܵܵԸô֪࣬Ҫͣһ¡
˫ӰҪ֪ʲôͣҲˡ
⵹ǡӢͷеͣǰǸ㿴ǹ
һ˳۾ȥֻһߴͦεĹӰƮڼɽ֮ϡ
ĹָȥûӰӡ
Ŷ۾ſʼ˵Ҳŵġ 
ԭˣӢȻ¹ġ
η֣
ҳӰӢһ鴤
˲
ʲôǰϸĿ˿ģ̨ǲ
Ϲټһ档
һټһ棬ô˵֮ǰˣ˭
˼˾֪ˡ
Ҳ֪ˡ
ת̫ɴ࣬һ¾͸ˣƬ̲Ż
Ȼ׹ԹԾͷˣˡˡ
䣬һûüʲôʱƵĽţѾӢ֡治֪Ǹ˵̫̫ţȻǹƥľ͸ڱ˵ĵֱӶ֡
ĲоӲģҪҸȥӣӿʲôҲӦ϶Ҳ·ҲҪŵģˮҲŲմ
ͷǴһᣬҲûϵӢôãסһʱҲѲ
Һȿڲ裬ӻˣʱʱ
ϵϲԹԸΥ첻ԸΪʲôΪ·ĸʵ̫ˣ
һ·Ӳ￪˭֪Ŵ󿪣Ůһµ÷վţִݡĿúܣҿƫһļƤ
겻ɢǵ𣿡
үĸҲ̫ˣҲֻΪüֵˡ
һ˫۾￴ҵˣڵǻ˵Ի
ޣҲŲϡֻ쵽ûʲôǣһΪұĥûƢǰɡ
ŮһӦûִܵҧϸױݺݵҡ
ôţôţ
ʳûҾͺˣǿŮϸЦô
ƢɲүۣүϲŮˡ
ҹϲϲԺ֣鷳
Ŷ൱ĺԴ˰ҶҪ
仰Ҿȹӿˣʱ֮ϰ¹򣬽µṦ˵㣬ߺĸоǺá
ǣֻһ·Ů˾ɵĸ΢ЦԱǽһࡣ
ȻүϣΪӵĵ𣿡
仰ôžô죿УܻʵϹǸûҲͰˣôҶϰˣһⶼûС
㲻˵书ܵôֱۣ˷Ҿ
Ů£ѵȸ㣬Ͳˣ
ʲôԼܣ㡣
쵽ˣĵң۶ֱˡ
⻹ǶĩҪǸҿ϶Ǻúõ档
㡭
ڸ֮ǰܲȸǵݣ
ʵͦģȻҪ뻢Ѩȸ״ĺá
һޱȽЦݣүȻ֪
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үû˵˼˵ϲõҩЧȴǺܺãú˯ϸһľҲˡ
ҲﷺһЦڲһҲҪģǾвأ̫ҪԿġ





 85 

λ֮ڵף˿ڣ¹䡣ɫ۳ʯüжֻ
ҽȥʱһصˣûƬҲ׹ν֮ˡ
˻ϻϽ¹򣿡Ů˳һѣҪ¡
ϥûϹ죬¹أĸû˹
ͲԸģο໹ҪΪң
һƬɱİ£ɴ̶ء
¹ί𣿡Ƥһµʡ
ί߾ͱ
ûϰߡ
Ұ˵˵ǲصġԼƽĿ˵ţˣ޲ͬƽϡ֪Ŀģ
֪õﲻõƴ
ߣϹ׿ʲôˣ۾ϴҴɨһ£ȫ޿ȡ֮
йѪֱӳ壬ϵȭͷѾǻŭɨһܣҹѣһα̡
ŭЦʵǲ˼
һ£ȥա
ּ
ߣק·ָڶˡ
ʥ㵹ͷһĿ˪žس棬ô࣬ܿܳˡ
һȥġ
üͷ𣬶ҿһᣬʣ㵱һ㶼ϡ
˵ģϹɲǺġ
Ҳвġ
죬޻˵һǺǸ˰ɣԻŵı顣Ҿ޷ȫΣͺñε£Ǹ˵»ʵº׵ĿԴ
зǳţȴϷһԷȻ൱˽һˡ
Ϊ͢ж߹ԭҲֱֻɵֶΡ
ʲôӦһЦǲˣҿû˵Ҫв˭
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͸Сүںүôӣ£Сү͵£˹ںүĽ㲻֪𣿡
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Сү޹ˣ㻹ƽʲôοⱾͲʲô⣬Ϲ˲ͳˣʮôˣʮǻʮȢңһúõġ
ʹ˶ǲ˵˿𣿾ȻľͰźҵĺҲ̫˵Ի˰ɡ
Ҹôϻʲôҵûȥźˡţ붯ʲôԽ
仰ƫҪپԵĵһۺܻɫ
Ϲԩͷ¶ģôÿεùĶң
ϵʱһձСͷƳһۣƽûʲôɫϥģȵ΢ֲۡ
ȥҲſʼ꣬һ˾ľˣζΪԵĻԼǵر֮ûлȥس
һٷԵЩţС̵ʱҾ̽Ե¡
˵ĳǲǴӹ
С̧ۣ꣬û̻ش
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ҷ㶵ĵڣһץң䲻һҧҵϡ
ӣԼķϵˣ 





 86 

ҷǷ֣ġ˵ôҲʺҪƤͻȻ·˼׵ģһܲϰߵġ
ôģ
ʵĴֲйֲ˷ûлʹѡôܣ˵ûȻͽˡ
Ҳôͷİɡ
ЦЦƽûʲôʣһ˫ȴ쳣ұ
Ǯʹĥ
ݣʲô
ǵϴκ˵쳿ҫ𣿡
ҵͷҵָе㲻ԣô£ԭֱøѴֲڣ滹ĺ롣
ֻС̫ܲɾˣȻ˽ܲ¶ץǺһճһƤѡ
ŶϸĿ˿֣ղ˵ˣ
쳿ҫǣ˵ǰһأ
ȥ
㵹Ǹɴ࣬һĽҪվڻʵһߣǾһߵĽû˼Ҫвô죿
һǰʣʲôʱ˵ܸıģôзִ磬Ҫϲ׵Ҫ⻹򵥡
ţĿǰ˵ӦĿԣԼСĵ㡣鿪ֶӣһٹ
Ŀ뿪һֱıӰʧҲջߡοʱҲñķھ
˵ǵ˳ҹһĻţҹһڴϣǾýϱġϰϹ´һܲס֧һûһµ˯ţҲ֪˶ߴһϤϤűϤ
Щڹкúǲ͵ˣôôѹ͵͵ĺô˯
Ҳ˯ģԩҡ˸ҰѽŸСϣ죬پůࡣ
ô䣬Ķ춼ôģָϣһů⡣
Ǹ˯ƤôҵôСģ
²òͷĽӦþ͵ˣ֮ǰһ뱩¶ݣⲻҪˮ
㲻ˮˣ˵ôҰο
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ô࣬ҲͷҲ룬ʲôʧѵҾͲ
Цһ£Ѱ˸Ʊ㲻˵˯ȥˡ
۾Ƭ̣Ͻů˯ϮصֲܹҲ͸һˡ
ڶһǱѵģߵ˹컹δڻȥˣұҴٺãûůһ
ֽò״£ֱƿˡ
࣬ŸϽůӡ 
Ƶĺã֪ʱ̲סЦΪܸˡ
ģ
ҡҡͷ֪ʹЩֶ֧˹㷹ĳӣûûղԾͶˣʲôֻҪ˻ʵۺ͹һж
ɣôˣǲմ̵ġ
ֱӽҴΣֻǴҸϽࡣ
תƻֺϷҲֻͨʱϹǰܵġ
ûãǰ˵ңһСĵ㣬Ҫ͵һˡ
統ҷϵĵ飬˶





 87 

˹ʱһβɫӰۿҪײϣǱۼֿĸ˻ȥ
ϵ
֣Сȥ˺Сүƨɡ
ŲҪأھͲˡ
ȥ취֧ȵ档
ڲӣҪ߲䣬κû˰ûƹһ
˭Ҫˣүֻϲ˶
⻰˵Ľˣ磬ǲҲ
ᵽںȻͰǯһͷĳš
Сһ۹أһۿϵľȻϹˡ
أǿһңûеٷ磬ûǰ㿡Σֻǿš
СүСҲͰˣҲҪ𣿡
޷ڶϲͺáѲ㻹Ը⣿
ҴͷβûĸԸȻҲû˵
ţҲ˵һֳŰߵüëôԵ
ΪֵĲǣҸڰ˴ߣͻȻ
ſڵüͷͺ𣬡ʲô
ǡˮˡ
𣿡
ʱ
ĽعͷϹҲͨڶ㻹֮ػѣõ±˿ġ
ôҪˣֻʡ
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ҵĳӣī̵Ľ
쳿ĸ硣
ʲô
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ҪԼҲƵһɶĴǵУͲҲ𣿡
СòҵģԼúɣҪôȥȰȰɷͶ
ǰʡ
ЦЦţԼĴֻϹͦʧģɽ֮ȴҲܻס
̫֮˭ôķ
ɫһ䣬Ҳǿʶ 
Լѵûжһͷƾʵȫȡλ֮ˡ
治ֻҲ˵óڣ
ͳ仰ڴҲûͷˡ
СŮӼʶǳأү¡Ϸ¹ںүҲǼ¡
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ãϻβ͡
ٲôȤϴɾӵš 
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˳Ľķ϶ȥͿͷǸˡ
ʱˣСүأ
Сүӵͻһš
˫꣬͹ȥ
ǸӦһִҴܿˣ˾ǱѼ֮Ҳôü˳۵ʱ
Цʲô
һعͿĽһ˲˲Ķңôûߣ
ŶһοһĶԼôΨǴӣȤˡ
ͷ˵ĸӣòתˡ
ԶҲųغͷȻֱ 





 88 

ǰҴ˺ܾò֪ҪӦ
ôŪһʪ
ǱھȻ𣬲СıһͰˮ
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ҼæӴȥɲҪ
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Ҫӣȴһֶ㿪ˡ
ԣҲ̫ã˷ŻҵӦѾ¶
ôƭġ
֮ǰߵ˴ʱϢվſڣ֪ʧʱʩʲô˿֮ǰ˲١ǻɫӣϹ˷Կȥˡ 
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á
ƾһ˻һܳó
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ǣţ»
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ԭҲ֪Ϊʲôˣȥǰ˹˸ĺ⣬ˢˢĶߡ
ʲôģ
ͦġ
˼Ц˵컨׹ڸôճ
ʲôȷʵǳ岻ȥˡ
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Ҫô죿
ȻǹԹԵ־ܡ
˵仰ǸոոϵĽ»ڣֶ൱ϡ
̾̾ϰԵû㵽һ֣ǧĹǻʹöˣûǧ
ȥɣǿ϶ȰѺһסġ
Լأ
ˡĲӣĴסΪ
ӵңָҴϷĿˮᡣ
Լ
ȴ֪һˮǧɽ





 89 

ҹ£ڷߣĵʼС˵ľҡ
ĹںүǸӣÿ춨ʱҪһǳʱеļҪڿ졣
үĶôеôͲҼ֮ôգ˵׵ֵľͲϡˣԪʱҪȥŵƶǲݲݴҵġ
뵽ҾԽС˵ľҲԽԽݡ
һôͻȻðۣ߾˰ɡ
̧Ƥ¶᲻ûʲô¶ģʲôë
ιôһүôӵĺòá
ȥ
СֱŤһ㲻ԣ档
ĵİ˵ɣǵʲô
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ⲻǿѣʲôǿѣǿ˵ˡ
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ܲе㴴⣬ÿζ仰ͼһϹҷء
ļٵģ֮ǰѷ಻벻
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һ⣬һ۵Ŵ
̧ͷȥɫĽŮӯӯǴӻ߳Ůӡ۶ֱˣͲϡﻩĿˮˡ
ôˣĽعͷȥü΢¡
ҵ˭Ѻү˼ȥȻ
̡ѹͣȻô¡
Ҫˣʵʵ˵ҲǴ
ĸԣһûпȥԼֱˬȽϺθڡ
ҼĽҪڣ͸ǰ˻ûû߰ɡ
˵Ľ͵һͷ۾ϴ󣬲˼Ƿߺޡ
ҪƲȺȷƣĥҵÿģ
֪㲻ڷǰû̵ֻСİһȦҵ˵ı»Ȼ
컹ûůأȥǻңʱҪһʬкã
ʲôŪЩ£ĩ˻ܶˣ
ûֲûС
ãȻЦ岻ǹߡ
߻˵ɣǨһǵС檵棬ʲôš
üɫӰ׵࣬һ˫ȴǺݺݵضĽ
ҹˣүȥЪϢɡϵСˣߵű߹ӭͿͣ΢Ц
һᣬҷϵСˣǰֹһ䡣
ġ
һ˫ɫۺ⣬ͷѶϢѱ档ƫͷ̣ȥ⡣
ĿԶȥź̾˿ҹˮ߰
ĪҪģ϶Ὣһжźã֮ǰȥġ
εӴ⴫֮ߺͳˡ
ûҲˡ
ϵĴǲǵģصŨ̹ǡ
³ߣڱȥ￴ϸ׷ɣԶټ





 90 

Ϊ֮ĸжȴҲˡ
ͷϹڣ£̤ѥ˴һֻͷġ
Լ鲻˳ƫҪҲһϵұšüʲô
˵ģȥġ
үһΪֺҵġ
Ĭһ£ڶȷʵС£ԸҸıˡ
ţһȥģѵô̵Ҳͨˣٲס
ǰ㻹ǵڶȽϺʡ
 
ûŶҭ˵Ļ˵ĺòá
ǲǾ̫ϲ˵ˣ
ٶȱҭˣȡȿȡ
ӴСĵ㣬ôվһݸˮ˼ûУ˵Сʱ˹
ʱĽӴҵóһۣ˵Ը൱ӣҺץס˵Ļмֿмǲŵġ
ӰԵ춾ִֿ̱֪粻ߵغݼ¶ԲϹôĳԹпܲ𣿡߹ķϣۿҿȣ³һʹӵʧˣȴûߣӦҪģҪܾĥݵ˰
ԼԽԽˣֻΪЩؿھƵĶʹӿ
˵֮Ĺϵ׾ͿԭţȴǾãˡ
ҸðڸʲôأվҪǿˣôҲǰֳ
ô񣿡Щü˵ʲôвã
ᳶһЦҸ𣿡
š
ⲻͽˣôϻ̯̯֣ͷЩʹ
Ȼҵ°ͣ˹ǼűǼ⣬ûֻصɱ
һ˵עͲҪ㲻𣿡
Ӳԣϲ˭˵˭Ҫעˣ
ԸҪ˵˭ע⣬ǰ֮Žбֵһء
ߣ˵ҰĲκСҪĶҿԸ㣬һϹɡ
Ҫģ֪ҪʲôˣɫҿԼķ̣˵ʵҸͲԸǴ򽻵ҲǸ˼ˣԼλðɣСУ
˵˼Ҿģ㻹Ǹү
ӿڳ㶼֪ҿ㡣
仰뿪Ҿͺüûټֵ徲
ˮ治ԶҳܿСүվ̺ʯϣһվǰա
Ӱʱ⿴Ĳ̧Ų۾͸ȴǼȶͨ͸ľ
ϴҿʼʰ˳ɨһǮʲ
Ҫʲô
ֱ򿪣м˿ӷ϶ﴵ˽
˼죬ȥˣ˼Ÿ˳Щʲôȥܻû̧ͷھʵ
ĽͦǮģ֪ѹ֬࣬ﾹЩصĶҲûãͨǮҲδظ򣬻ʵڵӰ
˭ȥˣ
ͻȻһŲ˲Ծ̧ͷֻղŻվʯڴ˿ȴƵ˴⡣
Ṧ
ͷ۵ûʲô顣
ղ˵˭˼죬ѵ߻ˣû˼·شϵĶֲһ䣬ϵİҪܣϹ𣿡
ΪʲôǵõнŲԼ߰
ץУͻϾȥ̫ȫԸɴֱӳϣֻ˳һˡ





 91 

Ǹãһô˵ʹӴһµ˽
һʼΪʧ˺üλˣû뵽ڡϹèӣײˡ
Ҹɡ
ϾǶ˵ֻǸŴ˵һһ㲻˵۾˼𣿡
⺢ϹȻ£èذ
ңҪĽţҿɲҺù
ֻҪҺ˾ˡ
һǲҪķģһӵĻҡ
ʱ̫ͷʱ֣ǳԱɢʱ
һ˵ǽϵ˲Ƕϲҹж𣿡
Ҳ˵һ˵԰ҹʱڷΪʱƾںֻ̾Ӭɲ˵Ҫȥˡ
ԭ㻹еӵġ
ûأ
ѲΪÿζҹÿζɹ
ô֪
Ҳ˵ûôõṦ˷ѡ
˭̵㹦򣿡
һ˲ֻü̻Ṧ
˸ʵ⡣ĺģװģĴӼɽ̽ͷ£ǲҪ֪̫ȽϺãҿɲԸ̫ǣ
㲻𣿡
һɽƵһɽԽԽˡ
ʲôΧĲɵ˾䡣
°
סҴߵĶˣСһ˼ҪˮǲǣˣҪҹⲻȥ
ںڵתתһĹҴӹ
벻֪Ϲģ
ģҲûľѿڶ̧ͷͿ⺢Ĵ
Ҫ֪ҵǺܿµģұΪϹ⣬Ȼ˳ȥ֮ûµ˶һʧˡ
«ʲôҩüЩ
ҵǵһμһŮܰҵ
٣˲źá
ܰ
ͻȻһұһ
ʲôô죿æǽ˳Դ
Ӵ־ôŮ𣿡
ү
ոںסС˹ڹںʱվڵҲȥˣԲû̫ע⡣
ܴ𣿡һָŵܰƫͷҡ
ʲô书ܺã 
ǣ·Ҫźɡ
үү鷳
Ӿǳȥʮ·һȣǲ֪Ϲºڲ
·˹ںСҶ
ѡʲôҪһֵĿңתصͬһֵĵܰ
ôʻһ۾ͱϳˣ·ܶ໻̲أ϶޷ģҲ֪Ҫӵˡ
˵һһ㶵ģ˵ѵҵ龰Ȼ;Щġ
ֻں˳Ǿ͸Թܸˡ
Сһﵽǽģһ״ֲ»ڸǲסһư
šӦһȥģ
Ȼеطȥ
ȥģ
ͷбһۣôʲôĿģ
ҪôȸϹ䣬Ҿ͸ȥģƽס
ո˵ģɣʧ٣ô򵥾ܴˣСҲƭģޣôԼԼСˡ
ȻƲƲ첻˵ˡҲ֪治ãѹͲҡ
ϹбͱҴ㣬ȻԼŶҪˣһˮԼһʧңȥȢ־Ͳϡǰɣ





 92 

߳ȥ·һ·ںڷֵˣûһİԹ࣬˵ӸҾͷҲصˡ
ʱɣ㲻ȥ鷳鷳ҲԼճһ˦˦֡û߶ԶҾ֪Լ˸ˣҲԸۏ˻ˮƫƫ˲ϷŹҡ
ŵһͤȥЩͷˣҶϵҲ紵ԱˡһĻңҿŶûϢ
ӲͷƤǰ˵·ʵûסη֣ҹ

ֻпҶ֪ΪλѻϷɹɤӺ˼˲Ծһë
ڴ˿̫û£»ڣûҵץҪǸ˴ҹǸöӦ
˵ܻܲ仰ÿζ岻尡
߳һϮɫɴòƮݣһСаϷء
ôܵˣ
ɽбһۣǷûһ
ߵüëŶͷܲϳʦ
̣һ˫Ŀݺݵصɹ
ûô˳ӹںӳӷҪһӸµģңóʱӣҲʡҲٹ򡣡
һˣתͷܿ˿̡
Ϲأôûǲǣ
죬ûɾ;һŤʲôʱʼΪһҪҪĽɫˣ
ʧٿʼҾûڶʱڳ֣ôηηŵĻһ㲻
һ۾Ͳ㷭˵ģ㵽˽٣Ϊ˭ڣҲҪʲôһù˭
ңĽǸҲʲôӣҪЮϹġ
ڱǿ࣬ôʦͳɿ鱦ˡ˵ʦɶã۾ʹǼĺá
ޣΨ²ҵʲôã
ˣصյģʲô£
Ҳһˣղǹ¶֪ġ
㣬ͷԷȺӳǽ
ֶ˱ôɬĽһֱ֮βοֿʱ䳤˾ͻ⣬ôԤ׵ıδҲ̫ˡ
ߣöɡ
˵һɻңԼǺܲãƢôôЩǲĥ˵ˣִŵҲǻ۵ģõֻΪԲԼĹִˣ֤ԼҲ˳ҫ˶ѣǲ͵Ƿۣ
ôˣɫȻôףֹüʵ
Ľ˵ģⲻǱΪʲôϲңôҶҲɰɡ
ֶغݣһȥǼѪǵۣǸȴѽĶʹ
ι㡭
ûӮһҲûУͷβó׵ףǸЦЦ
ιͻȻ˳Ҷһһë
ɡʲôһƿֹҶԶ
ɹǷڳҰ׵ɫֹҲֵġ
˰ʵûʵ
䱻ң統ʹʹ
ֹϡĿһᣬȷҪ֪
͵̧ͷϻ
Źֵ˸һ£뿪ɽǲҡ
ҪɣԶġ 





 93 

ȥĺԶԾûֹ
һȥһֱߣܵ¾ǴĮˡĲܣܵĮȥɳӰ
˸١ŷֹȻմˮд
һߡ
ԾĿңҵȻ֪Ϊʲôдøҿ˵˵ĻٵȴҪô߶˵˳
ʵҪߵȴǹ֡
һ·һȴҴһ·ϴԼֵС֡
ôúŪ𣿡
Ҳɡʲô飬㲻ɣģһͷԶһԶԶء
ѾҲˡ
ôͻȻô
ЩҪ
ŶǸϽ߰ɡ
ıӰ죬ԾʮĲԾ
֮ҪʲôֹһᣬҪôǺһ
ҲʼĮԵڱǣδв֮Ͷȥǵǰ·
һۿȥʱʲô˰ſȸͳҡУһ¡
ڶǲòΪ˽ʵʵǰһ̻εΣֻ̧ͷ
֬ңӣɫ°ͣ׼һӡ
֮
𣿡
һЦһʢµҫĿַϸš
ǡۻǾһκΪϵ֬㡣
ôǿϧˣҾҪˣֻһˡ
Ϊʲô˳ȥ
һһЦǲãȲΪҪ㡣
ƳֹĬţΪͷԿı顣
ͿԹˣת治ͳˡ
գ۽Ĩɴ⵹Ǹ⣬ֻ˵Ҫ׸֪ء
Ǹ̫ģͲ۰
ðɣʵ˵ɣλҼҷˡ
ָֹ̧ͷһȵĵҡ
һҲĳֹȥŶʧʧ
ֹǣǿĳһ΢ЦҪжΡ
Ǹһ۵˱һ˲ĲڣһֱȻ϶
ڿ˵˰ɣ
ȴǸʧЦҳþôױ׻𣿡
ҷӦ˺ܾòŻζǸ֩˼
ֱ˵һʼϳ˲ͺˣһȦͲۣ
һʼͳʡࣿ
һֱðа𡣻УҪѧҵ˵
˵Ҳûʲôɶ˵ˣϽ߰ɣҾǰһҲûϵ
УȻҾ͵ø㡣
ֱѾ챻ڵѪˣ㵹ʹ˵
عκɤӣ㿪ڡ
ʵ
˵úһβͣҺֹ쳤˲ӱһǳٳٵȲġ
ʵʲôˬɲɣûôˣ
ѽǰߣ˴ĮҲϹ
ʲô˼ҺɵĳֹһۣĶ㿪ˡ
ţ˵Ҫʧˡ˵ҿǺò֪Ĳֻ֮֮ܵأһء
һҾĿ
ʲôˣ
ƲЦӨĹ졣
ˡ
йĸͨϰմһĿȸͨ˼óýǮƶѳʣ
úÿ·һ϶ֱӻˡ
Ҫץҷƾһˣ
ô𣿡 
ĪţĽ˼ֱһޡ
ˣĽ
ϲϵĽ
ںү˭ϵá
ôͲ֪ȻԼĽʲôϵⲻص㣬صϹڶң
ңҲû뵽ô죬ڵҲңҲû֪
ҰΣһ˲һ䡣
Һֹˢˢתͷֵһۡ
ʱֻθһķ֮ûúóԹһٷ





 94 

ݲ֪ꡣһźƤ˵һƷ㣬Ρ
ԼҷĶ˶ֺƤҲ޸ˣɺ˶˵ֻǾа۹ۡ
ǰһӲҾûθڣ֭Ƭңֲǿѵõϡ档
㲻𣿡ߵһ񣬾ǲҲǷʮ㡣
ûθڡ
ҲգֻƵؽ˹ĿʼԷ
֪Ŀǰںδ𣿡
ҴھŻɽի𣬶ķٲɽֲ¡𰸣⣿
Ȼʵкοɲġжûϵˣ
Щˣʲô
ԱóϸϸĲ죬쿪ָһһĲȥ
Ǿ˵⼸ʲôͲ֪
˴һ飬پ
ô
㵽˭
֪Σûô»һѵĻ¡
㲻֪Խ˵Խ׹˵ĺǹġ
ǿһЦı飬ãҲʣƾʲôҪҵ
ȻзϢҲһʱ
൱ᣬƶǰҳһ
ƫƫһһĹԹԵصȵ硣
ԶĲӥӥУƷ·ܽƿ
̧֣ӥͣϣȻ׶
ӥúһСָСԲͲһСֽƬ
չȥԭö˶˵һֽգۼ˷ĩƮɢȥ
ʲô˲üƫҪ޸Լҵĳˣʧ
һ飬˺Σգ
ղǷš
Ŷݳдġ
ʶҴ磿
˵ȴĬˡ
ϹҲȥ׷ˣ֪ȴҪɽܣǲڶ㣿
ĺĺҺݺݵһۣȴȫ޸оȻʹЦš
޹ء
̲סϷ̣浱Ը㣬ͷ˭˭û˵
ⲻ򵥣һɢáֹߡ
ֹңһͻȻð·ˣ˵ˣ
ˣֹҲˡ
˵ʲôأֹ˼Ŀ
ʲô˼ϵģĽĽ߱ͶΪԼĸ󷽵٬Ĺ𴽣˵㱻ҽȵˣ滹һ׼˼ǲǶˣ
㡢㡢㡭Сһҵ㣬ˣѪˣ
Ѫڣܿŵۣ˼ӣСںòá
˫Ӱˣʱ˿ԺĵһӦ
һݣҡԶİһˡ
۾תô죬ڴʲôС⣿һ˹ƵĶҵͿ
ﵽɽ˵ҲҪһ°ɣ֪ͲӦòӡ
Ҫ׷ȥüЩ⡣
ˣ˫ӰǷǮأҾȻôҪ¶ˡ
ι
Һӵĳ׵Σյһ˫һۡ
ߣҪ㡣
߿һæֻ֣ľҪĳǻ
ڰգôˣɫͻȻ׳





 95 

ʱѩеһжںصİɫ֮£˪ѩ÷Ҳ޷չ֦յ졣
Ǹվڰѩǵ£ѩϷճһź֮Ӱͬˮһɾֻ֮еʱͷһƬհףӦֻʣ۵ѩɫ
Ҳ֮ͿʼģòڿرǺ˵
ǲ֮ǰġ
ǵΪ⺢ϹȻңʱҴֻԩ޳ΪҪɱ˰׺Ŀ⣿ճճúܽǸҲԼӸߣһ·β˹ûгȥΪӴ˿һɫСǺӵģԭضãǺЦúܿģ䵤һ£ƯĲˡ
ӵ˼֣۵ĴһÿĻȣȻǺӨա
һೲһֻӻûüѧ裬ĶѩͻǨĲִ٣վ
ǺӺǸ֣ʬϵͬʱħ䱻ƣͽһԺѩĬ
̶̵˲䷽۵һж߸ϢĸоͻȻ֮ôＴʹܶණģˣֻֿѪǵϢУÿÿհ
ͻȻŤɲ˿ӦʱͽǵӺݺˤ£ʱӰŭºǱ
ϧûлͷҲûпԭذһѪȾ޵Ҫ忪˪ӭһַ·ܽ۾Ѫ졣
ľĶǣʹǶѪֱܿ˴ѩ֮УȴһּԵѪ֮˽ݵػһӡ˼ߵ۵ס
Ծ˺˼ҲΪ̼ҲΪǺϵ֮еһᵽʲô¡
ӦҪӵģɲ֪Ϊʲôֻž˸ƵһֱǸ뿪һ޷ƿҲ޷ԼĽš
˵̫ΣգҪġ
ʱԼôѾˣֻ֪һعʱѾ˵˵Ǿ仰
ֵûʸŪ֡
˳һ䣬պһеĿʼ
ҵȻûע⵽Цĺ壬вҴ
صҪ֮ϱһȴ֪ǽΨһļֵĨɱˡҲǺܾ֪֮£׹ġ
û֮ǰһȾôһ㲻֪Ҫ֪ͼģͻҵͷЦ˵ͬƽʲôԼݡ
ʱֻֻǿϧôһϣʹ˷ѻΪãһæǺ«ô
˴磬ʱ˭Ҳ֪ЩЩ¾ΪǺ«˶õľ
ݼҵŮԼǧ谮һòٻ󣬿Ű裬ƤԣҸ
ϲǴʵ
һ̹ǵĺҲһͷ۾գĿǰĵӰת뿪ڵȻ޲
ôᣬֻʱȥɱˣʱڼ಻ɾ
֪ûпҵ飬ֻǱһطͬƽһ˯¡
ڶʱǸӺʱ·
ָֻģƺ޲ҲһβʱǸֺԤ׵ǰˡ
Ĺ⾰ûøԽĲ԰ˣ˿˾һǰܵĸо
Ҽǵǿȥ˳С
ҼҵˮǸ׿ģǮû
һĺȴԹݵͬɲҴ벻Լҵĳ
ߣʲôĴѾͷ
һοͬ˵۵ѹúܵͣϵľҲ൱ˡ
ǲ֪ڼʣҵôҡ
Ҫȴ˿ڣҪݺݵؽҿǲ̣ѪĳԼǰĿ˿ڣҲô¡
̫ˣȫû˿ڣƤȴǴ⿪ʼĸãʱҸͲ̵ʶʹࡣ





 96 

֣Цһ졣
ݳ̵̺ˣԭȰ㶪ȥסϹû뵽㱻סˡ
綼ˣܶҡ
ǰɡ̧ͷʣŵúԶԶСǾ˼ӾԨƵطʱ벻ֻϧ֮ҲüҲգһݳȿ˿ڣһж⣬οͲ㡣
Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪ仰˵Ǿˡ
ûУһ޵׵ĺڶֻҪ룬ת̤һͻٲܼȶԲԣһæȥһѿɺã
ͳɳƵ£ͬʣڶߣ֮ȥ 
Ϊʲô֪Щ
Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪ
Ҿеһðɺðɣֻ仰õ̫㷺ɶѡ
ش𻹲ǵûشˬϻǵġ
㵹ĺϲСӣϧΥݳԾͰԼˣһʱ嶯³㲻᲻֪ɣ
ֻҪϲͻὫҵ߷Χڣԭôԭܼ򵥣׵ЦĵزΪɩıѣɩҲ⵽Ǹ˽˵ıѣ֮Ҳٻһֱû䡣Ȼͳ˵³ǺܲҵģҪԹԵģһҪ֪𡣿˵ǴһִģСʱǰݵģûɹ˵붼û˵ĻʲôȻǺȥ¡
ԭɿڵǺ«µĹȿּɬ
ˡ书߲ߣҳһֹС˵
ղżһֽƬеӵˡ
׼ֹܸɴĻش𣬻һۡûɱ
⵹õģȻҸҪɱңôˡ
ֹ˵ҵĿɵûԲͭ塣
ˣҾӵļж󣿡Ұǿ֣˵æһ£ȳ
һ𣿡üĿ͸źܴʡ
ʲôҾôֵţ
Ǹ˵û
Һֹ۵С۵ʱһг˽ 
ֹüǼԸһѽƵԶ
ҲûϻͷһķӦʹṦ˵

ɫӰƮȻ
ղŵĻ㶼ˣ
Ĭһᣬͷ
һֲȫ㱨ӣʹҲΪһơ
һ࣬ź߷治ϰߡ
ҲҪȥɽҲҪȥһɡ
ϣ
˵⻰̫ƽˣЩת䡣
Ȼ׹ĵһ뷨ǣȻϹ䳦ӱ˭࣬Ǹһ˶һ
ģֻҪҼͳˡ
εǲԥ̾͵ͷ
ֻǡ
ʲô⣿ֱ˵
Ǻʱǵģ
ΪҴóһǰ˻ΣҺֿ֮ĴæʱǲιһʱûǵôܵȵȵʹһжǼǵй㺮ɢĶ֪İͽں¼Ṧֻ˰ɡ
ʵ˻ʱҪϵĺá
ô˵
Ҳ֪ǧǰǰɵһϰ͡ʱͻҹҹĺȾƣÿηֻһԭͨʱû˸Һ;˵վһԲĽǰûʲôıŤһ£뵽ĳЩΪֲĶһ˲̹ǵľ⡣
ҪһΪӿֻ¡
ֻ¡Զزͷˡ





 97 

ӳǾǹɽ룬һ֮أѩ׷ɲչ⣬˺˼
Խɽɽûɡ
ǵġ
֮ǰ˭˵֮ɽģ
ɽĳϿڡ
Ͽȣôû˵ɽ֮һƬߵ
šӦһһǳһŵںİѩϡ
طǰ̧Ҷˣ
ҹ˼аҧ˴ӲǶźӿ˽١
˼·кð˳ɲŸ϶ͷһֶ˪Ͼͽһ㱡
ˣڶ߲ɽ±ȥɣ
㲻˵ҵһۣҲĬˡ
ʵЩҸûúϢҪӦĽ˵Ҫȥӵʱ·ߣοͱϷҪ䣬˵Բһ˯ʱڡ
Ȼѩ֮Уڹϴ΢ůѬһ˯
㱼ǰһζĶããѩɫ̰ΰʣһƶϣҴҶִҴҶȥϸǰİɫȴѽڰɡ
ɽ̫ͥԺɭŽ䣬ƽ𲢲ʢÿвٰɽʥߣԴҲͿάһˡ
ڻֻǴĩģʱ̫úܣҹ֮徻Ŀ¡ͷİأ֪ηصضһӸңʵů¯̼Ҳδ˯á
һҹʱļ뿴Ҳֻ粻ͣ͵ĺƣдδϵĶëѩ
ۼˣ䵫ʱʱ˯һۣ˭֪Ȳ˯ܣﳿʱҾ;ͷһʹ
ҹû˯ã
Ҽҵĵһ仰ɼɫжˡ
һ˻֣ʾϽ·û˵
Ϣһ
ϢһҪֻ۾ɣͲنֱӱҹɽ
ɽȷʵ˲ʱ䣬ɽƺܶѹ˵ϵɽǳΣա
ΪѩɽӦǵף뵽ɽȴ˱ذѩʻ澰һȥǸָеģҪ˵ռͷı޵Ķž顣ЩڵϵģʱҲһƬһƬ֦һ𣬰׵ֽɴģģһģ˪ģĻĵСĻ綡㣬һ˼ͥ԰䣬ȴįѩɽ⿪š
ѩɽһĲݵ飬ÿ괺ůʱɽҪձŸͷţȺţݵ
ǰߵ·ܿһɽȣľɭɭϪȵȪĺӣˮӡ
˵ŰˮӱϵĺˮߣǳϿˡ
ʱ֣б԰ѩȾĨһɴƶϼɹ֣Ͽƣһѩʪ˵͸
Ṵ̃Լпߺľһѵľ˭뵽ɽ󻹻ΰĵط
һƬͷĶžŽĸ¥ûǧıڼ̤ûսֻиҵݻ
δ¥ϸ
¥һɾϮŨ̱ǣЩů㡣
ƿŵǰһ˲ͻȻûɵĸе˽ţָⴥʱЩһ
ʱ̫ɽɫδҲûеƣԿȥֻõʵİӰ
վſڣľǰδеÿ졣һ̤ȥûվȾ͸еһǲȵʲôʶץסʲôסӣֻߴƿײʲôҲûץԻǱ˵ϣֻõȥʱжĵҵĺԡ
ɴһֱӰ˸ҲͰˣƫƫʹᶼ쮳˿ʶ쳣
ʹ﷢ͻȻ˵ƹ⣬Ǹϰ˺ڰ۾һʹǱɱ˵Ķˡ





 98 

۾˺һӦɵۿǰˣһɲĸеԼͺûˡ
ޱվţֻ˼°ɫĵ£߹յӡ쳨ǴӦǹɢҵǱǶ׶
ڲ׵ֱҿ˺ܾãȻĺڷŴ£ɢһ㡣
ָĴȻ⻬˿ϴ΢ںܾҼԼ޹İ
ԭһǺȵġ
ૣ߷һԳЦǱһȻ 
⻰Ҿûˣĥ˻׹ΪԼǺأ
һѵģ˭֪ûƺýǶȣֱֳ̫ͣӾײĶͷ

ҪôƣҲ֪ʰŪصľƹޣôͺȲ㣡ײϸü΢壬ڵã𾪣Ͳ֪㿪ų书ֺܺݣҿȫǷƨ
ѾǱڵ״ˣҾ۵ܣԽԽƽЩﶼϹģ
ﻹίղűĵĵطʹ̧ͷҾʲôԹԶˡ
֮ǰ֪ʱؿڶʱһƣͬİһ㡣
ȻѾﵽĿģαػҪǧ˵˵ǣЦֹأһõļֵ
ұ÷£̣һ·ӱƤĵףѪʹ
ݳ̲ôɡЦԽʢޣϸķ˸űĹĴʮ̣һθͷôΪһǵڶλ᣿
϶㣿
˵ûСµ˹ͬʱҲҵ°ͣĿԸҰ֣СһʱͬķģôˣʵǱǸۻహ಻˻ǲֵ
ϵľǣȫɢűŭҴûмϹȷȷʵʵǱŵˡ
ϹйôŮˣôֻһӣΪԼΨһλԼδĵ֪ܵʲôоҲûϵʲôһϰҲľˣͺһʵͲϲҡ
ʪůľǼ⣬һսУҾе㲻ֳܺŵأһ̹ӵ˳
Ѿ޸ˡԼ
¶˳˭֪Ǻ«ʲôҩ
ŵĸо治ζ仹Ϊ׽ˡ
˵ʲô㶼ǲǣ
ǡ
ǵ侲̸ɣˣϢ
žֱһƿˡžžһһӵľƿѿ
˵ı飬ӦǸ൱׳۵ĳ
ˣ
ľ˵ŭȣεӰͳſڡ
СȥԷϢ
Ǽѹ֣ļ̵ĲҲԾ֣һƬʪ
ιҵʱҼվǰԺΨһӡ紦һɫѪӡɫȾذ׵ȴۡ
ϵô£
εͷ࿿ǰһ㣬δ¥ĵƹĺܰıҿ塣
ˡ
ܾﲻԾ˵
˿˲ȥ𣿡
½ŲֵĿһۣ˵ڴ¶ûϹҩҲûаΪִʮΣδαϸ⡣ǰ챻˼߹ǣ⼸û
ǰϿǻһ˼ĥҪôûע⣬ϸһ£ȻĻ̻̣ѹֵա
ҩδ¥ͻȻ˹ոձһǸŪˣȻôĸγˡ
صȹתس壬ղ̬ȣѱԷʲôõط





 99 

ܺ񣬻һһıѩز˶¡
Ҫȹů࣬Ͽȵںɽ֮УҹһһƤˡ
ƫƫЩ˾Ͱսޣֻһ¿ϲ˵ŴŴ磬Ҳ͵ĺòã
ľζȸղŸΪŨˣǰŵİ޵һ̲ɫѪգе齵ұߣŵʰ쵵һص·ϸܷÿһȾûע⵽ʱ򲻾ʲôһ˺Ȼ;ҵľƮһ˿ζ
㾫Ө׵Ľ׸̽ϣڻƵĹӰм͸
°ڱ紵ķʴǳǳ죬˳ȥѪɫŨ˼򴦼ֱǴĿģ
һ˫ͬͿŨŨīɫı飬̫Өǵ財
˭ܰϹ˵̶ֳȡ
㲻ҪϢ𣿡Ų԰׵ĴʹҲҪıŤ
Ϣ˹ҲʧѪˡ
߹ȥڹϣ۵ʵʵġ
ҲҪͬͿۣһȥ۵׾ҪĿɬ
԰׵ĺһ飬ұһᣬûпƺ
û뵽ݼһֲַľׯҲȥֺ쳿ǲǣ
û뵽һỊ̃һвŵ
ʶģǸʱҪǱֵĺԣҸŲжüֵ϶ǵʱȥˡ
ʲôֵĺԣ
㵹ǻصʣ죬ͻȻúܾô˵óڣ
˿ҩĶ
Ȼۣĺˣʲô
סϥһ˾ϵȥնղס

ߴһƺߣôصѹȥ϶ǳ˿ˡҳͿϸϸüͷһ𣬲԰׵ðһ亹ҶʱǱõ˵ӣ۵
ҩòã
ãȻشҵ⡭
ʹ˻ţ㲻ܣ
ֹ˰ɣͬ𣿣
죬ǵɼǵĵˣ˿Ѿãڱߺ׷ϣŧˮѪˮ˿ڴ
һʱûסʧһžµ˭µôݵ֣
ֹһʹĴɫףһ亹
ҵһתͷ䵹Ŀʼҩ
˰յʱֻҵһƿߣȻûϰҩôҲʱֹѪ
ϽңҩʱӦҲֻšüȻһԡ
ˣε̵סһ߱Թһߴ¹óµ·ϡ
תȥˮ˳ʰһ£ȴͻȻס
ʲô
۾ˣü΢壬ЩԹߡ
ĿһᣬֱϵԽԽüͷԽšԽҲ׹
ȿȡҶ㿪ۣһ¼ӿ죬о˵ɢ˿Ǹһμʱ㱻йȥҴУҴѾǶҪɱͷΪ֮ǰʯԺҿʱ
Ȼ󣿡Ƿܰ򲻿
ȻСʱǺҰɣʱû˸ҵҵôĿŵĶұֳԭֻǾòϰߵҲûģ˵Ҫһˣ˭֪㡭ôôôŤûͬûп㣬ֻÿο;ﲻƾʲôһûоһܣԽԽ鷳ô֪ϰߡ
ʱҵ뷨ܼ򵥣ǣȻҲ㡣
˵ǲң˵ʵ̫ˣ̲סһ֣û
ϵɣղˤû
ûۡ
˭µ֣˻ȥǵ˵ɡ
ʰ£ˮ
ͷۡ
ڸ㶨Ⱥӻˣ۵ҹǺ





 100 

ȵһжʰ׵ů¯Ѭ㶼ѾǺҹˡҸɴҲ˯ˣԿ˯һֱ
ε˱ȽأûмʱҩϵѾȥྫʹȻ˯ò̤ʵһѡ
Ҵñӣֻûӱÿпۡ
˯ɣȥŪԵġ
˵˳˺Ⱦƺȵúڿ죬Ҳڹŵĵڡ
šһ˯ˡ
δ¥Ҳһϲ䣬һֱҪߵ츮Էܿˡ
˴ȦӲߵûžŵһ˱ǵζ̲סҪʳָ󶯡
ʲô
˱һ̧ͷ˻Ӧǳʹ˹ͷ
࣬Ѫġߵδ
Ŷʹţʵ㡣ôԶȶ˹ȥˣʲô
ϲζͶ͹ȥġ
㻹Ҫã˾ΪϤ
Ͽҩˣ
ţһҼƿϰҩ
Ȼһ䣬Թ޵۵ҡ
㲻߹ǣʹ죬ʲôң
веĺܹɵĳӣϺȻһ˵ϵ¡
ϵĵ˭Ūģ
㲻֪
֪
Щ㻹ԼĺãЩһҪ˵زҪ˺ˡܽչһĨǳЦתۼҪһΣҿɲŹ㡣
ҪһΣԼŹԼӣұۡ
ʧж󣿡
ׯʮˣ˲ھǲͬ죬ϻ˶پѪھׯҲ֪ɡСʢ࣬߻ЦĻȣׯֻоϺĸ֪֮ôҪΪ˳䲻⣬˭֪Ǹʡ͵ĵƣݼǶû˽ģô̽ģȻ֪Ǹǵϵ⵹ҲͰˣܹ¹͵߻ҪĿ࿴ˡ
ѵͲ
üǲ֪ôģҪûӡ 
ȻҴһ˱ûôȷ͵ߵģ
õָžϵʱ׿˵һˡ
磬У˵֮ǱҴŪ˵ģҼҪгһˡǸǲǣ˭
Ӧ㲻֪δҲ̫ˡ
Ǿ϶Ļ죬ðҲ˰ɡŭƽΣ㻹ǴȥԷҪϢ
һ£㡭΢΢ü֮治ϵã
֮ǲ̫ӣûиҴ£ˣô˵ѵλ 
ûкīȻҽ¶ˣֻ˳Ŵķչԭ뿴Ϸȴ롭ǧû㵽ͷϡ
۾֪ǷŭĻţҾЩ
ѲΪҴͨ磬͵ߵĻ 
ûܡ
Ҳ˵ˣֻ֪
ԸԸȨ˵ƾıȻ֪
˵˰Լ˵󷴶ƵԼͷϣʲôưͳԻҽᵽˡ
˵Ǿǲǲǣ
ͷŵϣĬ˻ſڡ
ô㣬ֻ֪ÿһγ¶Ǻйء
󻤷Ҹȥˡ
һ̤ӡڱԿı飬һ£漴üͷšĽЩһ۱㲻ͷĻ֡
ˣҪʲôԵ𣿡
Ҫˣ߰ɡ
һ仰µƵòˣȻʵûҲ̫ˡ
󻤷Ҳһ˼Ϊ˾ϣο˵Ļ̶˲ضһ
ҲŲƽϡ
˵ô˵ʼջð˸񣬲ǲܵġ





 101 

лҪ˵ֵͬѧ~ ^-^
˫ַϸճ¯һ~Աл~
صϸʱѾˣһ¿ϣɫڴ⺮Ĵ¸Բ԰ס
㲻ǲǣҳȥһѽŹϿ۽
ڵķû˷֧֣Ĵ£ס
һԼô׾Ϳ޵һˣڱǼܡ
֮
ң㼸֣ ̧ͷˮôһ㲻㣬ֺȻǲǣ
㡭ۣǼ˵
ұһᡣָ֣˳¡
ðһѴ֡
㶣ЦԲҲû㡣
˹Ҷ㿪Ŀ΢ҧûѪɫĴָҵ䡣
ǹֿԣóԺסҪ
°ͻȻһûԤϣ˾ͱϵ
ϱһ˫ֿ۵ϸӸһ
桭ָһңĽ
⣬ղסڵƢһû䡣
棬ˣΪʲôǵˣƾʲôһ¾ҲԣͲǱд
Խ˵ԽίԩҡϹȻҵƢôã̵ڲű
ī˸һ£̾ñָȥ۽ǵĹ̡
ޣһҾûͷñǼҲӣԲ𡭡
Ҷ߲ƣһһŪĸס
ϸָòӿˮɴษôһһСĵȥ۽ǵᡣ
ǰһģһĹ߲һǿ·ϽȾĺΡ
֮ϵˡ
һ仰û˵꣬ͱһ˫Ĵסˣʱ䴽㡣
һ£ϵͼӽһ֣Ǿͼһ㣬ʵûŷſҡ
ҲòȥϢҵĺ·˫ȴȵĺʱ
ֻ󶼷ϵ
ۣ˿ſҡ
¸ҩּ׺ʵ·ϣιԹ緹ͣ
ô죿
סⲻ𣿡קҵֿʼ
ⲻ˵Ļ
Ц»Ҫһͷô죿
һ治ᣬܰϹŶûˡ紵ˣ˸Ϳˣ
ʲôЦָԸˣΪҶĴ٣ܰɡֲֶûϲ㣬һ㡣
̲סڼ˵֮󻹾Լ˽ζ˰ٿҲŽе˲ԾҸո˵ʲô
΢΢Ҳ˵ֻŴЦüĿ䲢δ൱㡣
Ȼ˳˳ž˵ˣݣΪôͻȻˣΪһ
ˣʲôʱȥ
ϲһ
Ҳǣֲǲ֪ܲס䣬ҪΪҲŲ̤
ϣʧˣһĳܲ𡭡
Ҽϣ΢̾ϢӶߴżľ⡣
û¾ͻЩеûģ۲۰ü鿪Ѿǵ֡
ۣҿƲˡ
ֵҪ̾ˣ֪֪ҪǳԵС㾿ôܷģ
ʱ̶ߡ
ΰ㣡ƿϵˣҶˡ
źһϣҶûԷء
˳ƵϣߵЦݲڳ£֡
͹ͱȥˣ䡣
ֳͷ֧ɫϣ֮ǰʧѪ࣬ɫǺܲ԰ףȴΪƣ۽ǱһӡĵĿ¡
ҿſž񣬵ҷӦʱԼѾȥˡ
ԡһ죬ɾͰ̻ϡ 
㲻˯᣿
ҡҡͷղûˣΪˡ
˾бܣǰǼ̱ƽһ仰Ū﷢¡
ҪٸҶлɣŲҧ㣿
΢һ˿ǳЦ©˾ڳЦҡ
о仰û
ʲô
ϸָһûһµҵָڣ˫ƺĵľôһƣʴǷ飬˿˿Ļꡣ
ĵҲ
һּѹúܵʹЩ΢ɳƣҸҴƱ˰ٷ֮ڿҵĶ 





 102 

ͷģ;дĿı̣ů紵ͶչǲỤ̃и˵㡣
ʱɽˮģ͸ûһ˿ƲʣȽɫĹ޼ɵ֦ҶһƬ߲Ѥ
͸ļ˿ߣϣ۳ҫ۱˵⣬ֱӡϵĺ߹Ѫ
ˣ۾ֱˡ
·
ԭеϵһ㶣龹Щ͡
ʲʲô
̫ˣҲֱ飬ȻҾȵҧͷ
ʲôأ
ҺܲЦ˳Ҫء
Ҫ㻻ҩ뵽ȥˣ
˺һᣬ漴Ʋͷ԰׵ɫ
׼Ц죬ƵЩģ
ţ˵ʲôҴװû
Ŀһݵɹҵ̱ȥȵĽë
ҩʱ۲ңһֱŤͷҲ³ 
ϣӳǵˡߵͬʱҲͣ
ǣ³װģĿһֵԵĻ˼£һֹôôȡ
Цϸü΢壬ĿźۼɨһȦܣŵҵ֡
Цѵޣûеô˵ЦøлҲǡ
Ҫڿ޵óν
˾֪ҲǰһΰᣬԿ˵ôɡ
Ҿͺޣôûۡ
ӳĳ˳׺Ȩı߻оµǧˣ˵Ѻһ֣ûг
õھֵˣ
Ϊʲôô˵
ȻԼҵھֲƫҪӸǧ֣
Ѿҷϵھͳʷˡ
ɣΪңȥˣ
Ҿͳôɱ˿Ǹ˻еģȥФĳ˵ȵˡ
ŶҪʲôڣ 
ڡ
㻹Ҫڣ
ͷ΢򣬡˶ð¡
ʲô£
ΪԼʤȯյʱͻȻи֧㱳ͱһ㣬ô
ȫҡ
㱻ˣЩĶʳָҵĶͷ
Խô˵ҷԽǾô۵ǸΣˣëûһкùӳԵġ
ߣûһƭĻҪ¥ͶĳǰȥģµľֵطˣɽҲٶ
ǰݼңǾ͸˻⣬ԶΣա 
ôô˻ڼƽ£˵Сּǳϡ
˵źӳЪһڶһͱĳ˴ӱڳӵϡ
еĶ˸ӵͷʦ߳ȥһ·Ҳ̫ƽ
ԽǽӽԽǾûʲôĳЩ˵˾ͱȽ鷳ûеõʱĴڱҪرСĸҪྫȥ»ʲô󻼡
Ͼ¥ǳ¥ߣ¥򣬸÷ͨҫƻãǸ˼ϲȥľ¥ҷ
ΪƹǣһЪţû뵽ôö֮Ľ˳ǣס¥
һȣס𣿡һƿ㣬ֱƿڽɫĹͨ͸
صĽ񱣬һҲû˵ôòá
һĽô죬ûֻŹԼӵ˵Ŀؽ
ǧֵǮͲǰµģ¥¹ڱûʲôɵĵġ
ɫһͬɫɴ£ڴϣܽʰҶ䱻ů紵Ĳۣ͸һȦʵĹתӯӯˮƻ¡˭㽾ҲʵǱʱ
¹ϵĲϵжٲҵ
ͷ˺һᣬˡ
жٲƲأüͷԾ¡ 
ٲԴɡ̧۶Լǰ鷢һ޹顣
ûȥ׬ôǮʲôתȥ̼־޸
ƿһ٣߹һĪĻȣྦྷ¡
һҪҪ
ۣ˹ġ
ʲôĿģִң
ʲôΪ㶼ô㣬㲻Ҳġ
˵Ӧ˹̫ͣʱԵͻأˣĶԿ˻ᣬЩյšüͷȥ
ʱղͣȥĲ̫ĸһһֱ˸еԽķꡣ 





 103 

еͷʱҾѵҲ̫ƽ
ǸӰڿһ˵ĴʹŹ⿴궫ҪָһһϸȥϰߣԼһҡеɴһ۾֪˭ˣ˴벻¥ϵ
ÿô˷ܰɣһⲻȥġ
ֻⲻȥ˵˭أ
ôģ
Ȼ߽Ŀ
ʲôֹأ
ںүСָͷһͶͱȥˡ
ǰ䡣
ѵʵʵ˵Ҳԣ
ôܻĽܲ˵㿿׵ģ
˿ùˮ˼ڣ̧ͷӣɫıһﺬЦ⡣
ôͲˣ˵ϴ
֪ΪʲôǸ飬˵仰ͺһ̿Һڣ̲ȥ²
˵¶һҾ֪Ц
˵㵹˵˵ʲô
һ˲漴Цǧģô¥ﻹûˣȻǹȥдæˡ
㻹Ļ˵˵
ſںȻһȻӢ
ͷӢüһֻһı仯ȴ񿴼˵⽣ӰҴӹ
Ϊһİ
ٺľȻʧõ˫Ӱô쵽һ·ȥˣ
ǲҪϢҲҪ˯ˣ
Сߵķֱ߲ԶĿ϶ң˫Ӱ˳˵Ǿ仰ʱŸҽŴܱżһسһŵεӣһƬ˵ǰ˵ңбӦġ
Ȼ˵ߵƢ꣬ź򣬵һҪ鷳Ѹ㶨
˯˯˶ܵܵˣǼǳ԰׷ģ
Ӣڵس˵ûϰߣϲֱȭ򣬷򲻽ڧ˵üѪ
ѿߵӣҡͷЦµӵҲòȥ
ղŻ׶ҪĲߣڿ˺һᡣ
ô£
㻹˼ңȲ˵ˣˮӰӶô£ôʵóڣ
֪¥ݵʱвУҪǰ¥Һò׺˯˵˳ѣΣ
߾µü̧ۣ־ͼסӢȭͷô˳֡
ʲôûˮӰӣ˭еӸְء
Լȥ
˵ҪһţԤϵôһУһƾͰӢ鿪ˡ
ȥˣû뵽ôá˵վ͸Ĳɴжİ׹⴩Ѥֻׯ˵ǳϵе㱾£
ȭͷաΪǲŪģͷһȴӢ
бǺõ͸ܴ⣬鷳һЦţǺܡ
Ȼ鷳ͰѶ֪ܵ˼ҵĶҪ˵ġ
һȻһУҧݿɫ
ʲô˵ʲô˵û˽̹𣿡
кˣҲҸˡ
ľҲɵ񡣡¶۵ʱ̧̧°ͣһȻɡҲ
⻰üȫΪ벻ġ
Ѿǹ׶ˣͱظ˳ɲɣ
һ˫Ӱһҳһŵ·һ߲˵һҴڸС
ʲôˣ
·˲ס˫ӰȻ̧ͷʲôˣСүҶϵûҳ죿
üëֻֻв̨Ķɫϲ˵Կ϶Ҳϵ㡣 
˵ĿĽֱһģӿ̳ģžϻ
ۿӢҪһסҪȥӻ˯
ӢıɲתΪ죬۾ңûӦԱߵĲ߾Ѿжˡ
ȻҲʡ͵ĵƣȻȫȻ׳һ˯ʲôٿ϶˳ˣο˵Ĺ򻹲ò
ڲߺӢ˵ΧҲã˻Ū󶯾Сˡ
ϤĲ¥£ɢһ㣬ҵ֬ζһѹȥ
̧ͷƾУڳֱͦıһ·ʣ˳ſȥˮɫ°һ˫Ө֡
žµûʲô飬ձи𴲻δüȥĺΣüǳ̣ŨܽëͶһӰģ񣬳Ѫɫıϣ͸
˶ʱԱǶʱһϰߣǲᰮϧԼ壬һֱڡ
Ƴ۲òɿˣһֻʾҹȥ
Ų˼µذ壬ûסǱȥˡΪʲôҶûаֿ




 104 

˵ʵĿǰΪֹÿϹŭǺйأһ㶼棬һβ֪Ϊ˯Ǳʲôԭ֮ʱߵȣûֱֱ¡
˵ĴֹһľмӢͲߣԼڽ俴Ϸúֵܻ˫ӰһѨ
ѨܾöûӦ㶵ĶϹеĲ˼Ҳûε
˵Ĳм־⣬ϵĺ쳱ȥ԰ȴһȻ졣
緹Թ𣿡ͷյҶʡ
û 
ǣ¥йľض̨ƹСԸ㣬ƹͺСͷҲصűȥˡ
ӦϹˣգգۣЦޱȡ
ߵҲδ̧ͷһ˼ҵָ
ӴôãϹǰɣͷ㶼ţ
Ѳɻ㣿˵⡣
Ц۾һߣҲⰡ
ô˱˫ӰƤģǶ̫֮ӣ
û˯ãô硭ŪҵָЩ޹ʹĻ
ãܲܰŪȥ˳Էθڶûˡ
Ǵθ¶ɸ˲СӰ
Եڵġϸü΢̧ͷ
Ϲ֪û˿Ժҡһ۴Цȴ֮
ô֪Ҹ㲻졣
ô˵СĺŶۣŵûе
Ϊׯɣʲô°˸Ͻߡ
ץ𣿡
ׯЩʲôˣʲôЩʲôȻοҹ¥ʹʮֵİߵõɴûյ̡
ţе˼ݳ̿˵۹ȷͦ֬з·һЦ򷭶óŨصζҲûʲô£ݳ̺ܾûԸãǲǣ
˵һʲôģѶϢ׽Ϊܿͱĺɫڸȥ
벻磿ͷң۴ӱ黹ﶼ
Ȼģ׹Ƿʹ˼ֿ־壬ǱԼƣ
ҵʱĪľһԤУҪҵͷ롣
ʱ룬һûü׼ҲǴʵ
ŨĺɫȥȻûʲô仯ȸղ˵ǹɷȥ˴룬˿Ųᴭ
ˡ
Ƕ˵۾ȴûпǰĲһڣϵˮջûüɺǰһ׹⣬žɱص
ʶĶһ£֪ϾͲķĺ˯ˡƽʱ˯ҲͰˣ˯˯Ȼѣ𴲺ĺһʱƢˡ
ˤӵԭ򲻹ǱݵĲߺȵľɽ롣Ϲ˯ԷһС˵ص¡
Ϳ͡
Žĳ˵֣ĳ˾ʹӳˣǶ׼Ƶġ
շһҲգҴǿ˵ġ
Ц÷ˮӯĺ˵Щ޹ؽҪĻ͸ź˵Σա
ȰͳţԹ緹ϹҲһûҪ˽Ѩ˼
ǵ裿ָһľͷʡ
ҪӢ棿صƢˡ
ҡͷϹŽŵܣҲġ
ŶӦžǷܡ
ôˣһ˾Ͱֵˣ
ʲôء̧ͷϴθˣ
ǼʯӵĶҪ
ܵǰ䵹һò׿ٳǰ¶ĵһЦ
úôű߹·Ҷ˵
ʲôŹ֣
Ҫ̫үҲ¸ˡǺöױó֪𣿡
˵껹Ҷߴ˿ˡ
ôûˣԼѪװ׾͸˱ˣһΪ˲СĴҪôοźʣһô˻Ϊһ겻ء
ⷬһЦ˵ӴôοΪܴţ
Ҫ㣬ֵ
šغһ˴š
ҪʲôҼǾֵĵ
ӲŶ
䣬δҳѾһҧҵĲྱˢҵһսĹ̡
㡭ÿζһС
ꡣ΢ıɨͣҵǣСûĵģ쿴ȴûõʱ̣أң
Ҳ֪ܣ˭֮ǰôңҾǹġ





 105 

˫ڲ׵︡һ㵭ˮơ۽΢΢̣Ⱦһɫٺ죬۲̬˼еľɫˡ
ָǵһ·£סһոձůɫһͬ˴齡
㣡ǰݺҧһڣʹ˲ϣۡ
𶯡̧ͷüۺ飬ǺЦ
ʹ
֪˵һץҵൽϣһ˳µĴӡ 
ǻ
ûԤ׵ģͽһָ˽ 
ǵС˼ӵùҵۣԽʱѹɳ͸޵Ȼ
̣Ҳˡֲͣ¸ӿһɹɵůʵǱòܣӲŶһ¾ͱѹסôţӲǱֳһĺ
֮ҧҧ޷ֻѧһ۾Ͳס
̰һԽͳΪȾı𣬺ȻƽһָδҾгŴĺ촽סҵĿڡһ㲻ᣬ̽ƣ˿ϷŹܵ㸲ݼ䣬Ϣ
ǹˣ߳ŭϥϾһƺһҴϳüá
ĮսΪôչֻһ¾ׯʲôȤԽȥ죬ҪԳ档˶٣۰УƵĽ˰صָһ͵ס
ţҼнȣû̡
ΪˣͳղŶ˵ĿҪǱӦö֪˼ˡûգ̬Ӧ㣬˵ˣΪݳ̵ԭ͹˼㡭ôҪҪ˵ȥ𣿡˵ָǷ㡣ҪǲԸ⣬ڿԺͣҲǿ㡣
ôˣŪʱԼȴͻȻƵһ˵Ҿߵӣ⵽˭ģ
㡭˿ڣʱίĲˣ۸Ҳû۸ģ
㶣񽥽תƴˮ󡣼ŵ̾Ϣȥ۽ǵȣüĺͱǼ⣬ҵĴμСĶ൱ᣬҪȥ
ʲôʱҲôޱˣ
ƲҪ˫ֱǯţҪȴȭ
ˣҲãЩеûˡ˵žҪҵԣˡ
ҡ
Ц£Щɬë»Ҫպĸˣһʱû֤ܲٷˡ
ֱֱһᣬ˾¶ĵı飬ҿ˾Ȼọ̀Ⱳˡ
ɫǻҲԸ磬ȴӵƫҪҲţݳǳسֱ룬Ӷȴ㷴Ӧ˵ҪĶûС
ÿνʱ򶼺СģǴҩԵʹҲǼͣһμûŪҡʱҶΪۣͬеȻ֪ҩ˵ģʱǾͲᣬؼĵطһһ˿ǡһΣҲж౦ˡ
һֱʵǾ뼫Ҫұݺݵһۡ
ҪŪιȥſϰݣ
Ȼҵ˵㣬ϴҵĲЦһ¡
ܺãԵĺܣҾû˽ƣοȱңµծҿɶҪֻġ
ģ
ֻЦһ޹¡ҲЦĵһˡ 
޷ֻ̾˲Ÿոպþ͡ǸϽԵ㶫ȥ
šչҴһڣҽһͰˮԵʲôȥա
Ҳյ࣬ζ㡣
ô˵һһֳԲÿζҪ˷ࡣ
Ҳмĺ˭ϡģ˼Ҷ࿴ĹͱĸʲôƵģٲٶҲûθˡ
Цҵıӣ㵹
㻹ȥ㲻Ҷ˰
˵˼ɴ³˷š
̧ˮϴ·ĥòױҴȥҪСķţʱ̶ţֱָ˵žȥˡ




 106 

ǰ³ﻹʮ죬ɽϵ̳ȴûյ徻
˭Ҫ
ų˭ͼ˲ǹ涨ֻǼҵ
ôÿԿɽͷ
õҷѾСʦˡ
֪ΪʲôҪסˣԺܲ̽
ǣȻܡ
ɰã
˫Ӱû˵ͱ˴ϣ֮˵ǴӵƮġ
Ǹıʵǻƫ֦ôһžӲ˺ڣǺһŰ
ţ֪ͼ֪ɽׯ˫Σг̣Сʦա
֣˵Ҽҵ֦߳Ա߿Ϸ
Ҵܵ˼ǧȥ׺Ȩǲģ㵹ǻңƽ׻Ҳ徻
³ǿ֦ˣͿһ٣ƽʱĶѲϸܵ亹
Σ۵硭תͷһ壬ˡ
ס·ӵ˳ƵͷӸµıӣüͷһ¡
Һô˵ͿͶС

˫ӰµĿߣȴͤ˻ҡ
㿴Ķ
˳վ¶ϣһϮɫջƳۣһ¶˳׾Ĳӡ
¹𻨵ů紵Ժҳ˳ǣܹȥһѱסݵ̯־·ʹ䡣
û伸¾ͱһֻ޳ץˣҵ·ʹ
ŶһӦһֻûбץסصز¡
ͷңȻЦòãͷƤһȾܣȴתͱ˺ӣ˸ȦקԺӡ
ʲôб˫Σ˫Ӱ棿
С
񻨵ĺ϶һֻӥʢȴЮ˪ɱ˵Ŀ˵̬ôôأ
ǲǺ죿
Ķ
ȷӦü
ұ˵һͷȴʲôס
ڳǻ˼죬ɷФɪٹŴŶˣⱦɰϵðɣ
ɫƴСҵۣⲻҴ
ʱڲϣӦġ
ĵ˵ţ۾ŲӥϵԲͲһĪ⡣
ʱ˿ҲŲĲԾ˸յ˳˼ߣ
ң֪Сʱ˹׵ġ
֪ҿѶȡ
˵߹ȥÿһֻӥԱŲһŲ˿һ˵Ľתͷ졣ȵڲӥǰվϵĺָԲͲĻ߻ҡֻӥûҸղŽʱ˵ƣɵһ˵ĶһҶҿԿëž֡
Լ
ڵ̬ȣԼ
һѶԲͲĻǾ÷Ȼƽ¶һؾɴչֻɫľɴϻһŵͼ
ʱڣԲ֮աʮ죬ߡͼˡСġ
վ˽ͼµһС˳һ£ɴ䵽˵ϣһʵǱŵġ
㲻˵𣿡
ʲôʱ˵ʲôʱģο̯ôǰ˿
ҲǸʹı飬ʲô˼ʲôĶ
˭ȥϵľɴбһ£ʳǵĵͼ
˭ôӥѶߣǼ޻Ҫݺҡ
Ҫǲ˵仰ҿҲôΪ
죬ҭܣ仰ҾԭûǸͷҲ뱳ˡ
һ˲쿪ֱҡ
ҴȥߣǺ˭Σ
̽ңȻˡ
˵˵㣬ɫһףָҲ֮䡣
⻰ڶΡ
ǳģֲǽȥ᲻˱û˵
ʧЦҵ֪ˣʮʱ䣬ȥ棿
ðȥз±ϻҪŻơ
ЦһһӦˣָڲٱ





 107 

Ĺÿ궼ڳɽµģȴƵ˷ɽ˷˼Ȼɽûȷڻʳǣɶ֪ĬҪϷɽҪ;Źͷģö֮ľɽϹҲһԾȥ˼
ֵ̬ǰյĲԹֱûУ˽±Թͨ;ɼڳҲв˴ŲʳǾǸĳǳأĹ紦ȥɽ߹²һս𵫾ǲӰ쵽ʳǵģһ˹ﶼ˼ְݵñײȵͷ
˵Ҫɽϰµ̫ġ
ÿ׼ʱ׼㣬˫Ӱʱ俪ʼ
С۾ۣҷ仨ɡ
˺ôҲӵı߻
;ϵģϹ·ҲѪ˵Ųһʱ
ȥ㲻˵û˵ư͡
צɣҪ˵ìͷԼָˣʱյĵλ˭Ҳ
ҵȻ֪
㻹ڳʲô
һȦ·ô죿
ü·Ǯܲ᲻Ըɡ
Ϊ˭һСҰһۣǼ¶ϸͷġ
Ҳûôģ㶼ʲôˣ
ʲôԣθرá˵ǹ̵ֱζŶˮιȥǣҪֱ
˭Ե°
㿴ûԣˣ
˳ţ˫Ӱ˻ȻĴչʡ
Գɣ
ϻ
ʱϹӦҪӽĽɶɽͷϰ
¥Ͽǵĳδɽһ·ɽģƺƵһ벻עⶼѣǲΪԭһǿʢС
жǿʢǲֻ֪ϴϹ壬ϵĸֱ֪ж˵ʱǱҴͥչ˵ģ
˵ʲô
ڲĽӡ
ȻĻ̼ɸҴͥʲôϵ
Ҫ˵ʵҲͦӣǻʹһǰ಻Ȼʸڵ̫ϣֶļƣΪϻλʹ˶ټıǸʵҲϸùôһŮ˰źҪҹ˵ʱؾҲ㱻̫зһ˴˵̫֮в࣬һسӲѹ£ؾҲû˼ĸôϻʵۡƽϢûãֱ˵ʱةҵǧȻδеϢǿةһ·ȥģҲŮŶҪةǧָⲻûʲôһ龹Ȼ鵽˵ͷϡ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼϻʵ۲һ֣֮ǰһʥּ͵Ľϣ֪ʥּЩʲô𣿡
ֱûشҲ˵ȥġ
վΣ֪ŮξʣʣƷԸ߽࣬ʵĽƣ׿Ⱥ־֮ܣ˫ȫ˼żɡɲŮò֮ϣճɻ˳˵֣һмֱ͸ˣʥּδŮδ޵ģѡյһǳɣةŮδеɢȥʱ䶼ԼܵôЦȢ˸ЬؼңȻֻôݺѪˣ컹ҪǿװˣǱ£Ҫҿ϶
Ȼأ˰ûƵϣҴͥʮǧˡ
Ȼǽ˸ƿһϡҶ֪ôǸʵھãԭǸʵ۵ĵھŸӣ˵ôֲֶʵ۵ģֻиĸס̫ӣܻʺճܻʺڸʵۻ̫ӵʱͼ޸ǷޣλɺǵóʱҲҪɫġϧնౡʱѲʵۺ漴˵ʱһֶûȡΪ̫ӣҰ¾˷ԣִƣŮҲǸȻ֪Ϊĵû˸ҿû̫ܲӣշûбץ
˶٣һ裬˿ż
ĻӴСһ֮֮ϣǲ˵ƫƫҲǸʡ͵ĵơûж˵ʮͷ;ͰѼ谭ֵܸˣµҲϸλģ˾ŻھãƾʱͲǸöԸοĸվǵһħһɣôϵ
˵ԶĵȴһҡСɫʳĻ롢ʷζһɫͭ壬֣֪Ǻβʾö
˫Ӱתͷȥ˵һĻҲʹ˱ϡ





 108 

첻˵ˣϲܽ˫Ӱ߳ĵһ仰
ҳԱˣȥɡ
һû˵ء
Ǿͱ˵ˣֻǿܵڵĹǺŷ߶ġ
ƲƲ죬ñӺ
ˣҲʲôȥϹ
Щ㵹ܵǸҳ񫡣
жް֣ӾֵĶ
һһȥЩʱ䣬·⣬˵˫Ӱѻ졣
ȿŶǸ±˼ǲסǴĻ֦չˡһ̽ɴý˿ȥϽ˲١
ҵ⣬ЦĻǰ٬һëܾԼǱ߶סܡ
СĽ¡һŲİ
Ľһַһŷɷ˿µŮ˽ţ̬ٿ˵̬ȣԶ׼
𽵹ˣȥźƫССḶ́ĵٳҲûҪһȺǰＷɡ
СĽô©Ĳɵģһ˺úþ۾ۣðˣ
ĺܺãһ㿴ʮӣ̬ӯĿһ˫۰Եúܡ
ˣֻǲ밭ƹ⣬Ȼһ仰Ըȥ㻹ţ
ôûܲɨһȦŶԭⰡֲ۵Ҷû
ûôģ췭˸ֻûȥ˯
˫Ӱ߲ߣͷͿ˫Ӱƹڴ
ˡ
ղ˭˵ҪԵģ˭
𣿡
ͣ½תͷһᣬָָԼָָ˫Ӱһ
ԭͰԵﶢֶϬǣҪЦЦİ˰֡
ﲻ
ǡЦšʵۣģɣ
ܿƽ޲
λ֮˷ûôҡϵĶǼõģȴһصĵɫ̻ɫĳֻߺ°˿յİصԳһ֮غϡԱߵȻǲΪ̫һ仰ҵԽĹ
ﻹǹѾǷˡ
Ŷô˵ʶ
ĽЦһ˫ɲ⡣˲ǶӲЦó
ͻȻ뵽磬۾һϽ˫Ӱܡ
ɾҪҶ죬һֱûϢضſڡ
ҪǻƢ϶ҪһùģҳƤϵЦȴֻ˾仹
ǰ滹Ц岻˼ַӦˡ
ʲôʱתˣĽͬ졣
ͷҳЦЦ´лתһǵ֪ͨġ
ѹöͷãɹκֱ
ҸҶ硣 
ȻЦЦŲ࿪ŵھȻһ仰ûСղ˫ӰǷһˣмǶģǸ൱ΣյĴڣ̫ʲôأһԷô
ˣҾʲôǰӿҲӿͷ
͸ˣ˸ɫǷϻôáƲҲܺ˫Ӱˡ
ȥʱһ·˲ڽôôôôܣ˾ôڳȥơ
˵죬ʱǰҹ˾¥ﶼδ˵ӰûҲ⡣С˴¾˯ˡ
һ˯̫ɽȴ
ˡСƿ̽ϲȥ÷
ȥ˵ҲղųԵĶˣ˯һҲûꡣ
ҲԷǼϡ£ϣ춼ûھ¥˾ͻȻˡ
ԺֱٳԵ㣬ϵ͡ĵһ仰һڴϱü
Ŷ
ôˣûֹضȥˣ
֮쿪֣⣬߹ұʲôʱˣѹס
ֲ㣬һɽ
ȥ˵ġ滹ãЩһ㶼
ЦַһȦֳˡ
ðɣͲúûشҵ⣬תƻˡ
鷿ȥ˯ˡ
ƿˣֻǻҵġһ˫ڵֱضҿ䲻ʹչһ£Ȼ־Ȼˡ
ú˯ҡͷҲûأһ仰ֳš
ҵֱۣŻ㣡





 109 

һ߹ȻûҾǰҹ˶ˡͻȻͷһص⣬Դӳ׺󼸺뵽ҾͰѸ̤żĽ˻
ڳɽˣû
岻𣿡
ôһʣСͶŲŵܹ
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ЦˣҲ֪ǹ¶СͱϹҸžһ𳤴⽻ɲ˼ֵܲ㱦ˣ󻤷ȻҲǡ
Ǯ˵ҿò˼Ǽ֮ææ浱ͷ۲ҪϢģ˵Ҳʲô¡
СԴȵ̧ͷ⻰Ǵҿ˵һ
˵Լеƣ֮ˣң֪ǲΪɽһ೤Ķ죬Ƣĥûˡ
ҩͲҩбҪקŶŮһҲ֪һ
˵԰ҰڹԷϷҪʵеûſȥơ
СƢ˵㵫ҲҾͰϷˣûʲôٱôѽѽһ㻹˯òࣿ
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һͱ˫ׯ򷢵пȥˡ
ŶȣȥԵһ£˵ἸȥӣҺ÷ˡ
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·ʱһȺ˴ϡȻʮ
ԴϴҪĦ޻һɷ֮ÿμҶܱܣһʼһ˺ܾã֪´ҿֻǾۣȴΪǲԲŶҶڿ졣
վڵ಻Ǻ۵λϣ۽һ棬һᣬתڱ֦Ƭ鸡뿪ˡ
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ʱϴ̽οգԽʣڻ̤ƵĲϣ߲ʾɴһҡ
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û뵽ˣһϵĺӣӹ䵽˵ĽЬߣͣס 
ѹҾֻӥĺܡ
Ϊʲô
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š
֣Ҳûʲôֻҵϵ
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һ˺ðû˿ֿңȻ˿
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һû׹Ҹðڸʲô飬ȴչЦԺﾹֻһƬհס





 110 

ʮ壬ѽڡԭǸȥŷĺӣȴ׼̤ڳǣϹʸҵһҲͳߵĸơ
Ҳ֣˵ɽϵģһֲ֪ϲ˵µˡ
Թ緹¥ϳ̧۾ͿһڳϼۣǴֱ峤Žڳǡ
ŵİֻƿӿһ۾ͷϵû³ҵȻҲ֪ŵľǺηʥ
Сȥ䡣
һȥ澹˲ˡ
ͷЩȻʵû뵽ȥСȻôˡ
ҸȵǴʱõһһϯϣϸȻֹ
ô£ʹ˼ٵĽŲʶľС㣬Ĵһᱻɡ
Сԣ˸ƣЩԸǲҵ⡣ 
ҸղھһֱҪȥ˵עֶֹҲûע⵽棬ҲصĹ죬ûվϹͻӰʹתǴˡ
̫ʦϵüĿδȴûʲô񣬾ֹ಻ſ˾ͺһʮ꣬СͽҲֻǵһۣźĲȥˡһߵĺڽ﷭¨Ӱվţ˯δѵĺʰһûʲô⼸˳Ҳ֣ؼ
һСүڣʱ߻˸˵ģȻľֻһˣ֪ǳʲôʡһûģһ鴮֪Ǹݲ
ϹźзӦĶ䵭ǸҲʶͷŮ۷˿µĹâ
ǻԲѣ
̫ǱߵĺͣͣеĻĬ˰Ρ
Ҫҵļʱλϲ
ԣϹһֵۣǷһ˹
ʲôĵģô󡣡
á΢ͷﾹûгȥһҴͥкջ񣿡
ʵ˵ϣͷŮת۾ͻǻߵı顣
ʵ̫ݣûϧıҲˣʦϾֹʱѾˡ
ץС֣ҪҰƸԼ·ǴΰɣֹôҲͽ̫ү򲻹˵̫̫С˼֮䶸ȻͶ˺ģǸ˫Ӱ֮ǰ˵һ޹ؽҪĻ̫ʵۻĽڵֻҶûȤҲ̵ֻ̫˵һĹϵٿֹܱ˳ͻȻھõǻô꣬ⰴ˵ӦھõĶŶԣȻŶ̫λô˵ùȥ
ʦһûеʱʦûǸȴǸնݳĲݵˣΧ׷ֱʦͽƽҴͥҲһţҪôŹͷȻû˸Աлɳˣû뵽Ҵͥߡ˵͵ˣƯɷҲֹþҸϹȥʱô˺ιӣ֪ԭǴҩҪܰѺɢץҴͥŮһͬԸǻء
ǣʲô˰öм֮ԻҼֱҲɽ³Һ˫ӰӦòе֪˵ҲɣҪʱûжź̬սɽɽѣҲͷֲ˵ʱɽһʬĺˡȥ˵ʧѪûˣʱһղľ󾢣żȻ˻ôԼǰȻ粻Ǳ뵽ҩ֪ǵĹϵǳԾ˺þáˣʲôһ㶼ܾҲֻҰæһƬӴҩ԰
Ľվ˻ʵ۵һߣ˳֧ӪںǳԹѵҲ֪ҪŰˣ
Ů˹˹죬еӵ˼
˶ƻĲˣֱﲻһֱǻ͸ˣĽһһȻӻˮ˵Ѿҧгˡ
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ЦʲôЦˣ
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ҵˡղһûĺͻȻˣͬʱﲻ֪ʲôʱ˰ѿݲݡ
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ݲݡ վһָֹӶ˸¡
ιⶾʲôһߵлῪ˵ˡ
һֱΪƵĶ˶٣سȥɽΪⳣݲݡ
Ʋǵս̽Եľ𣿺úõһ̫ôħ̵
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ƣʲô
Сʳڵ곤վðٶ֣˵ǶҲ˱ᡣȻ˵򵥣ܹڵ۶йʵ֮٣˲󶾷߻ħԺ˾ͽˡ
ĺЦ͸ģûϹ





 111 

ұС˸ƣĵسһǸ֣϶Ҫ¶ָС˵תǣʡĲСĲȵŪˮһȻ˵ñɡһɽŻṳ̂ȥ͸еһ˾ȥ
ˣСһˡ
ס˴վҺݺݵСһʱҪҪеôô죿
ûͷҶܲµ˵ı飬һǷǮһ˼СǺɫҾʲô
ˣʲô
Ȼ֪ҲţҾһֻ۱һֻۣҲ֪ﲻܡ
緹Զˣɢһ¡⻰˵Һ޲óԼһ⣬Ҳ̫ûˡ
̾ɡ
ÿζҪҹȥͲʹקԼӣסûлͷȥ
Ϊ˻˭֪˰ûʲôһͷ˰
վǣһʱҲǣô˵ʲȥ
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һ£ҷӦʱѾߵſˣ˵ǳֹģô˵ǴΰƸҲҡ
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˱ӵǰҿıȴһϤĺȻͷֳһѶϽޱĿСͽܡ
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ŶֻͬһһߵöɣҪ˰æӡ
˶ɢûʲôϷɿӴһû˯ѵФɪȵĻܵĲˣʱģͷԡ߳ȥûͻȻʲô˻ԭǰСүˡ
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СɤӺˡ
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У˭˵ŮˣָǸأ 





 112 

ԲµһصףɫӳǺ˺ƹȡǰ²ʮɣǽŲŲ΢ĽǶȿȥ˵İ˿ŭǸ˻ҪڴҹôҡðѹԼͭվˡ
룬ʵҪǸҲúá
Ҿ֪ܹס
ŵһҴôԶܷ֣
ص㲻ھɴϣǱɰļвת¹ʮ֮ҹҲǶ֮ʱǱš
СʱûҾôıɰ棬ô֪ܲá
һƽҸɴҲˣǽֲܡ
Ҵأ
Ȼõ
۴ķ˵Ҷûиߵɡ
Щ̫Ӧڿĵһ۾͸õͷ˵ģǱɰŵȷǴױʡ
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Ҫſھ˵ĺж˽һҺֲ졣
أ֤ʲôǧټƵҪҳҾôֵã
û֮ǰӦǺܺãھͲôˡһ˫еõúȻǺãֻҪԲһ֮ҲٲСĽЩ꣬·ҪԼֻʤܣȴϰ·ɱϹһҧͶȥѪĻʳǣܲ㣿ֻһׯѾǱˡֶ̧ͷңԶ¡ҲڵݼңҪȻֻбԭμȴʱľƸǧѷ֮꣬еڶĻᡣ
ҴɲǸԸõˡ
ΪĸԸôһ˵ϹҲҪΪõģȴû뵽̫Сƫɵּ˸㣬֮ನ۶Ԥ֮⡭ݳ̴ҲûΪҧԼһڣ¿ɰƵаûš
ûɻͳ͢οǵʱվڷͷ˼ϵݼҡ
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Ǹһ¾ʹӴҲ˲úӵʹˡ

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תۿҾſ˸ھȻ˱ҿһֻ¥´һĽ˵ӻ˳
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ɵ
Ҫ˵
ĵǿ죬Ҽǳһϰ߶˿ڡ
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£һỹҪ󳼣ʱ䡣
š㱦ŪԵİɣ˵ˡ 
һĨ㵣Ŀһֵͷ͸ˡ
Ӷѵһ£֣ѵҲóԱԼȻŬ
ԽԼù˵ҷҧ磬֪˭ƵͷģһξͰˣصıɰô˵
֮֮⻹ûõͻȻʧ٣ʱȥ˵ʲôһ군ǻǸŶҽ˵Ҫ˵ϻˡ
뵽ҾͻڣøϿӳȥǣԽԽ˵





 113 

˼˵ۺ죬ˣϧ仨ˮ顣
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ʱŨһĨӰӷƶһ󲽣ⲻվȾʹкᴩֻڣҸղվĵط
أպգȻĪҪ༸ˡ
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ҪΪүҾͲҶˡ
֪ѾˣҸղּһڿԵ֤ݡ
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ûۻҲûǴϵͭӦǰս̵ı־οش̫췴ɡ
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İս˶˵а̣ԾǴħͷɼ䲻õ˵ٶ֪
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֪
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ԹŶҪ治ɫĲ
ʲôʱֵˣһ˫һۣͻȻתͷҵˣ׼˽𣿡
һ¿ͷȴ

ҵļٲ졣
ɹһۣðɣҳĳЩʱǺϵġһͷʻҪš
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ԼҲ˵Ը⣬үǿ˵ġ
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ϧûпˮһϷŮ˵뿪ɢ˳û˼





 114 

˯û찵صʱ˳ѣҺ֮һƢԵӲǰҽʱҺԥķִȥһƣūŲһ±̵˵ϡ
㣡
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죡
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պܽҺЦϧǳϡ
ǱߵģЦȻҿû罻վ˸Ų
ʲôɰ
Ҳãʡһȥһˡߡ
ӵһᳶסҲ⿪ˣĽ¥ʹϷ̨֮䶼˱
ȥĶ
ȥ㱾Ӧȥĵط
˲ҾͲµʲôطӽ¥󴩳ȥ߹Ȼڵǰͣˡ
ûǵƻͨڵⲻһʪŹֲġ
ʯһ߸ңȥڶһƬҲûˡܾߵͷľǰʱҶźһʼû׹ʱ̲ס˿
ǰͷ˴ţ׼һ룬䲻ǰһѪģˣ˳ŽŵשʯϻɵĴ̲Ѫһľӿ
Ӧô󣿲ɣϹ߲Ӧÿ𣿡
ǵѪζۻ֮Ƶġ
һᣬ֪ڶʲô˼òŴҵʯҵĽ¡Լ̾߼ϼһ̱ǸˣĶҽһ޳˵ǰȥʱһںڣ񱻶㶯ҲܶĿһһ޵سȥô̱޵˳ɣɫĮ·µĲһ˶һûǸ̵˾һǰ
ƽȻᣬҪ򲻿ܵģ֮˵ûҾֽϻ
㵹ʹⶼ˵ڼֱˡ
򵽺ûˣ˴̱ޣ߹˲衣
ҪҪԣָָϵһ̾ߡ
ǿɫ׵Ĳ񻰣ҡͷЦЦ㻹ûСֺݡ
ʲôֱ˵˼
֮ǰڴ˳֪ʲô˳
ʲô
Ľ˧ӡ
һ㶣ԭС֪ҪܣҶһֱңԤı˵ġ
СӻúܣϾǵһγ˷ͽĵҲЩϽָĸһƫòˣ׽ڰʲôû
ô˵ֻпһ·ҳǵѣ
ȻҲ졣
һЦù죬һ亹Ҿ֪̫ƽõĿʮ㣬صشҪҿʲô̶ȡ
ͽҲ֪Լ͵˸˵Ķ˧ӡ˵ۻȥҪץˣϧûɣߵ̴ӡ
˵ҿǸͽ̧ͷֻڲ赭Ƴһۡ
ٲ˵ҾֻǵϴȥˣĽǸ˾׽ҲδҪЮοһ̴ӡ
ֻĥʱ䣬ڵʱʱǸϴҲҪͲϵˣ˵˵Ϳжںǵϴˡ





 115 

ҹδ룬»ϣ篸ҡҷȴв֮͡
ҾҪȺ檸Ƥˡ
аܾϹϲһУֻҪ¡
Ұҧҧһÿ춼ҸӵĿܶûУҵҶûĵΣ篸ǰǳͷͤɽĽ¥һʹ˴ض֪Ǹ˵ĺõطҿⶫǸŴΡ
Ҵˡ
ЦҸõĲһڡ
ԭҲǸ˭εˡ
ʲôʱң
´նݳģҪҷ㣿ʧЦֵͷǵһеڽҷˣãҸѡһȷɱ㣬ҵ̫ô
ǰ涼һͲζˣЩʼ˻ǸЦһĶϲз֮
Сô죿
ǲһֱûȢҲǻ϶̫Դˡ
ҵͷʹˣǺү˱Ƚػ̫Ƚ磿
̧ۣЩ㶣Ľ
ҿ߸⿪ʼԣ˵컨׹ʲôã˻һ߿ŵ˲ɵӡ
ļٵģǸ㻹㣬ʲôʱݵˣ
ô߲ǻи̣
Ҳ̫εӰֻûչ˸ɵ檣㷢˻ܲ˵ֻ㵹ǲ򵥡
ǱҪɿˣʮ仰ʮһǲŵġ
ʲô˵ôڸ㿪Ц 
һ⣬һ˸λÿ¡ʲô
תƻЦЦ˫еҺϹëˣĿǰĲĽɽľ̫ѱҿھû˧ӡ뷢ΪʤĿҲ΢΢ʤϵǧȻûǡЩϷĶľĶǣο˵Ľ
ѹ֮ϲˣԸìͷָĽ⳪һ
׻Ȱ㻹Ǳ׷ˣϹ˼ǻԼܡ
Ųʵʲô㣿ӵóȥٻصߣҲбһ˳һ죿
Ҫ˵ÿ仰ĸʲô¿ʲô¿ԲƽԼеߣҪ
ڿǰɣ鲻ȥׯ
һۺ΢ĵ˾е㲻Ծ
С㿪˿ûӦǲǣ
лл㣬̫ߣ˼λֲ
жܸߣߵѪĳ̶ȣҲ˵뿴ׯȻҹͰѴ˳
ҹʱ֣ڴͷƮͤϴҹ磬һû˯͸һˡ
ׯԭɽģ˻ׯʮһǨ˹Ҵͥı֧һմǡ
һ·̧˴ǰͣ£߽ȥȻֻһš
µĿԶɽ̣ɸɾģһȪ
촽ˮ仨һ㰲ŵ
зôڽϹһȻָ֪˵˼
Цʲô
΢΢ôСһ㶼ˣ˵̫үܲܲҪôעң
ܵĵǿ
ԴͲͷ˵˱˵ĶԼϻǻĵϴξׯ˼ѾˮȫĵĵڶϿڣ뿪ǰڱıԵشѵӮΣ
أȥˣ
տյģϰǰӵص̫ү壬Ͳİɡ
ǵ£С治Ҳ档
ͷвȴҲû˵ʲôȻͷңҪģкθ룿
Ʋǣҵĸ룬Լͺã˵ʱܵľˡ
˾Ϳһʲô롣Ҵͥǽ̻ԻͣĶȫһ
Ц÷񡣡Щ£Ĵɡ
ҿ֮ãһ˵ĴڻʳǼ֮Ĵ࣬Ҿ;﷢£Ϲͱָܰ
ҵԺʵʲôÿģȥȥ㶫û⡣û߶·ҾͶ㵽ͤЪˣղſʼͷЩָһֱû߿ܻóϹǧҲҪڱϸϸ˻ѪǼĺ˻ȥƽֿϵͻȻԼ治˺Ǹˡ
ǡһߵָָϵϵı൱ȡ
ôˣ
˿Сܿ˿Ȼһϥ˸ֱ㶵ʲôӦûˡ 
ԡ𣬼˵֮Ե
һʱûףϵ˵ûһôϸ¸˿һһ߶ھɣϹյķ˼ֱչͷ̬ԼѪķβҪʱƿϵĽԡȻһɳ졣
ѵǾˣ֮֮һ㲻ûӻһ˽ȥô֪һׯƫײķ
Сĸǽж
վǶϵţҾ֪ͳ˧ǰͽĳеڶѡ
ŷңеġ˭֪֮һ㲻׼ǣżȥҲǴߵġ
һƶѲ˭ŶܳưԣǾׯ󣬵ĵ׶ֻҪڣ˵һ仰͵еùʮơȻûĿķ绪ȴǾѰڶˡһ˫峺ǳԼġ
ֻ۸Ϊֵֵȥˣ





 116 

ջɽҰ»ãǺ貣ŨīһʻӾһѪȾĽɽ
ʱٿգ죬ԡѪһֱ죬ǧѪ·
ҹ¶أ°׷绺𵭵Ѫ˰ɽİ׾գɱѪɫãã
̧ңһƬȴ޻
ʲôļҹޣҪǳɿݲԸȥתʱ׹ǺգʲôĲ˲ʱ֮䣿
Σ
ҲףΪҪ¹򡣡
治׻ǼٲףͲ潻档²Ҵѹʲô̶Ǵ䲻ֻһһԼĵߡ
ˣЩкã
͵ϷҲС
ǻҹգ˲԰ӡĲ˪ɢѪ⽦һ£·ϵһѪŭš
ЩղסΣ缲۶ͬһ궯ǡ
˶ûչ϶ûմѪˣαҪˣж಻ԸѪ֪٣
ΪûȶԸĽ֣£뿪һһŭ֮»ҡ
߰ɡ
㲻˵䣿
˵ʲôҪһˣʲôҶ޷Ԥϡ
ҺãûѡΪС
һƥ˵ߣҵĽǶȿ˵ȫò಻ȴԴĴжĻ
ɫڿƥͬʱͱˣ˵Ǿ仰İĻĵȡ
ʲôˣ
쳿
Ŷԭˣѹɫôѿôεĸоܰɡ
һ˿ûаߣиջ񡣡
򴽸Цܲµû뵽óⲻǱҧ
ڡ
ЦһЦˣƳɽµ˲֪ʱתʱһ޹ģֺûйյĵطӦòᱻɡ
ΪʲôĸоǷʲôһϬĽ﷢š
еӣٲת㿪۹һ̲ס߳ȥתһҪǶⲻԼ¶Լ
ţͻȻ˲⴦һһĿϣŪҽһƬʪ
ֻؿʹһ֮ʲôоҲûˣѪȾ˫ۺͼգɳƵͬ봩͸ҵ಻һء
֮ǰµĹ㺮ɢĿǲ뿪벻һ벻
ûж㣬Ĭһ˳ȥϵı𲻿ɱ档
ߵһͻȻʲô
˵־ǣҵҳһˡ
ʵ浱߳ȥĿ˵Ŀҷ侲ûʲôԲ£ӦҪֱͦ˱߳ȥġ
˿û⣬ȴ˲ữǱߵĽ䵭Ц̼仯ȥɽɱ֮Ц
ǻ⣬ƯڰշһߣХʱҪ˷̤ƶȥһǱʲôݺסһ㡣
ǣߣİѪζ߷ǣ·㳤ȴһ֮á
һֳסҵĸ첲𣿣ҵѹԼʹ⵵¡
Ͷͱ״̬ѵҲΪʬеһ
һʵͦסˣЦЦ֣̫үȻϵգʲô¶Ҫܣǻзִ磬Ϲôȥܹܣ
ұȽŽС
סԭΪİ࣬ʵʵȫ
̧ͷЦ͸ѪζһԾڱתǰһȾ˺ɫĳ
ֻ𪾫ϸ֣˿̲ǳһĵۣѪ˿ԴԴϵ˳ָ쳣
߰ɡЦ˵ܵͷ·ૡ
ϾӸµЦϴһƣֻȴһסĿΪһԼͻΪµ꣬ʼûУֻҵԽսǺѪѷֲ塣
Ҳ㡣
ҪҾôѣ
ȴЦվû˵ʲô
˲Ҿŭˣ˭˵ľԲſҵֵģ㲻һҲˣ
ϹҼţһξͱָһͷ
ҪƿģҸܳ㡰ҪҪҡˣ
һ㶣û˵ֻ̧ͷ۽һĨ·ʱºᣬ԰׵ļ͸
ҧһʵڲĿţתȥ





 117 

ˣ˼ҶԸ㡣
ȥһĬͻȻ֡
һһͷʱɽĿġ
ɽͷȻһȦһɱ¾ĻӮδͷõǧ١
ǴӦ֪ôɡ
쳿üԥһ˵
ϹԼһһɨȥĽϰӦµ쳿Ϲָ쳿һǳɾһʯ֮ơ
ңԸҲˣѡд𣿡
ĸ·ϹʲôȻڼǵһͲµ˴ţԲŻ½ߡ
һͷһתƽӡ
ߵóȥ𣿡
۾һ˲ֹȴڰտͣס˿ָ˻ȥЦ΢ࡣ
ϣɡ
ᣬҵۼǴҪٲһԴϣ
Ŀ¶׹⣬һƣ˷ǵûԽԽȥˣСʱǸҪҪģû
ң˦һʬĻñ!
ﻹǲܿȥģСʱ򲻻ھ͸Ӳˡ
㡭
˵ֻգ۾ͰҴϱҲܣҾԼЩĿһӾͱˡ
ʲôܣڧ䲻ȵ˵һ䡣 
˸Щ˸ں棬ׯ˺ʹ𣿡
˵ͷվͲҵĴỬȴ䡣
˶ˣ
ʱʹַԸЩں棬һʮ
ҵı־ȻЩ̾еȷңȻðôհѷϣҪ˶Ŀ˭϶ȷϰȫվҴͲǰһѣǶԼһ·
ǳˣѾ
ְ̧ͷϵһͷһ۱Ӱɢûи˷ӦͷʱѾȫתɽͷ˶ҲȷʵǾⲻ˻м˹
֮Ҷ㿪ˣׯѾ֣û¾ͱ˿ˣһͷ۾һ֧ͳƿն쳣
Сģ
ȴˣļ̴İ£ҲͬʱҺۡ
һ֮ȴƿɽͷӦĵطȥ
캣µĻмܿģǰһУб³īˮ̾͵ĺڰȥӰ
ɽûпԲĵطѰ˰նЩͺͺɽͷûУ֮ˡ
ɫԽԽ麹˳°ͻ䣬ɫڲ԰׿˵ʧѪ࣬Ϊβ԰͸ࣿ
жü˵
ĸ־ԭá
Ƕľҧ´һȦӡߣʮһۡ
죡ȻӢۡ
ҺһǣЦһκòãҲ¡
ߣ˵úҺϣһڿʼҵģٷҾʹ㣡⹦ƶҵطˣ˭ϤģûзɽʲôҲС
ĿǰҪ֧ҪóȻγֹסѪ׷ô죿

һ۵ɹȥôģ
˵žʹӻһ֧ӡ
ӹʣǵȴ˵ɡҰ˵Ĵһ飬쳹ʣȴ޶
ȵҲͷ׼ߵʱ򣬲ԶһɽͷȻһƬƻۺһӦ
˵Ŀ˻ᣬǲǧֵĴͷ
ϹĽڶû¶棬ô͡
ԭˣصΪĽɽģô˵ղһɱ¾вûĽط
˵ز˾ȹȥԯ˵
˶Һһһҷ֮ȥ˹ϣ˻Ҫѹҡ
ͷ鷳ѵƻˣ⸽ˡ
̫ӣͷšü鷳ˡ
ҪʱĻأˣ˲󼺡
ͷһѾڰ״̬ˣѪˮʪһѪص뿪ǰǰ£ҲʱҪл㡣
˲ĶʹûйĿ־סҡ
Ǵʱ˿̲ҳɣ˿Լ侲Ų֧ôΣ
һ˺ȻһпۣҪҪԥһγͺá
Ҳ޳۵ĺԼġ





 118 

ԭΪôֹܵѪЪһ£ɻսĵ˵ùˮ졣
ϣˣ
Ȼٶ̫˶ûзߵĳ¶ת۾ͰγеĶ̽ˡ
һ£˵òҸϽס˳¶ãȴ֮ȥ
ڲߵĳҼ⵫ʵԤ֮Уҳʲô֮Ҹط˲ġ
ҪѰϵ˽ߣŶ˶˾һۣץҵ·ɵûκν㡣
ȹȥ͵ҲԼҲ뿪˺òã
ָɿЩûȫſֻи֤֡
ҾԷģ֮Ӱûҹɫҳ˿ͷԼѪշ·Źǰ߹һأ¡
ͷǻ˵û֮Ҳûͣͳ¶ȥ
ʮԭǺطѵױֵ
ڴ˴ټׯˣ
Ҫ٣
һµ徻
ⲻ⣬ȥǡ
Զ߹ƺлҪ˵
ȰѺӹü˾ܾ뿪á
һ¶ˣ
СĽοͻȻð˸
ׯأ
ĽҲнҴͥҲġ
š֮ȵȺᣬȥء
ʦô˳һֱվһߵľлῪ˿ڡ
һҺģһҲ
ֻǰ仰ô㣿
˻иɵĴڣҽȥչ֮
콫ʱ糾͵ظˣƽϿ߶ˡ
Ǻǻ㵹Ǹ֨
ûСõеĶʧѪȥ˴붾ԣʧѪ࣬ҪѪܰڵ඾һ˺ܴ󡣡
þת󻹵ȥѪΣںĺ˸뷨 
ʧѪ࣬С
ǲයʲôʱ·
Ȼûʲô飬ڣʱԡ
㵣𣿡
¡
ãҩķҹһΡ 
̣ߣ
ʵԸˣԼһʱ嶯ȥ鷳
һ·ȥʱж೤ͻ˯жãİΣԲûע⵱ʱŵ˭
صһ¾ҩ̺ôɺҲ⼸ʱŵġ
ƽѵκҪ֮ǰû˯ľȫƵģ˯а»ûҪѹļ˺˵ͨ˵̶ֳȿȲ
ԸͺȲҩÿʱֺ붼ҩĺľͰ֮ľͰٷҩˮһʱʱһҩζԽԽŨŴҲɢȥ˵ҩζã˵ҲҲҪҶСǸ
ûв߲ҲûвԲɵڴߣԼչ˲ôŽԷ䲻ص죬̧ͷԿһ˽ȥԭ˵ǴͷĽǵˤ˵ϡѵ治ʱǰʱۣ˶ҴȥԷˣûɹסӳ˽ǵʡ
˾ͺãΪ֮ǰܹһˣټεġͱָֻýˡ
ýãˣȥҩ˹
˵ҵ˱ˮ֮ι£֧ҲԼʱпܵƾﻹ޷Ҵ˿̵顣
Ҫ𣿡
ҡҡͷֻңߡ
һ־ЩЦ˻ʲôҲ۶ӻ۵ġ
ŮҼЦ
һҩ˯ɣúϢ
ҡ
ȻҪβ㱻ܾһƺô죿
Ĭ˻ᣬ⻰Ǵҿ˵ʵ
Ǿ±ӣ±ӡֻҪ룬ۼҶԸⲹ㡣





 119 

֪ΪΣϹ˴λڳڵͻȻڶʱ﷢ʲô£Ϊһվ쳿ľӪĽǧǴӺδ֪쳿εҹϮ缸մƵػεɽƲȴȻǼƻ˵ģĽǺʱѵڶĿ뿪ģ
ɻֲʣ˺٣¥᪾һڡһֱ֮ˣҲ֪ʲôʱ򲻼ˣҲҴȥҲҴңˣӰûƼͱﲻסˣһָ֪֮պҲ˼˼ȥֻȥ޵Ħˡ
ϡϡ棬첻µزµҲгüչʱ򣿡
žͽһ˵ŷ˳˫Ӱ롣
ã㡣Ҳʡһ޵ˡ
֪Ҫʲôǲǵ뿪¹ҵ׺Ȩ׷ɱ£
ǼǵãҪʲôϵ
Ϲȥǧֵģ֮ǰͷˡϴǴɽ·ӳǲȥ˴ǧ˵ڣǱǱ㣬֪ƾѹסû뵽Լʧ١Һܺ棬ôĿ֮³ǵģ
ӣеĶۣǰʳڷɽɽǿץУײһͨڳǵӣֻܴ濪ȥȴܴ
һϹ֪
ʱһ֮ҺƾżŰѰƵ·һŷֵӣҰصĺΣҲǻ˼˼һġ 
οӵشƫԶ֪ԭ˭ûܡ
ΪСԪĳֶ㵽ԭȫǴ˴̳ӻΪĥһ㣿
ʼ磬Ҳ÷
úõΪʲô뵽ҪߣΪʲôڶһͻȻΪʲôѵ˵ϵľׯ˲ӣ
Ҵû˫ӰңһӾûϻ
и˵Ҵıɰɣ˷Ҵױʣʱֻȥһۿ֪аҲûô࡭
˫Ӱû˵õͷ´ʲô㻹Ǹһᣬ֪һֳ£
˵Ѿۼһ
Ϲ㵽ĽʱͲӪˣҲȫ쳿ˣ˻һ˸سǣһǷھöĽȥܹס˭Ҳû뵽ͻȻɱǰӻʵ۳һӾû˶شľֵôɣ˵˭죿
ңô֪
ŵİＸǰʧˣ֮ǰͰսйϵ
ս̣͵ؾߵǸŮˣôɰɣ
ǻǰһŵô֪ôණ
˫Ӱѵֻ̾ˣ˵ʳǵϹҲǲģİͲ֪
ˣΪʲôҪעĽ϶ȥ
һۣҲԼںδʲô˭û֤ΪϹȥע 
޿ɷεȷԼ̫ˡ
ˣҲҪ̫࣬һеϹЩ²ɡ
֪ˣ㻹ʲô£ܲЩİɣ
һһ롣˵ϳСҪ췴ˣСүҰꡭߣ͵͸һ
üͷ£ֻԼʲôù˻ʶ˫Ӱġ
Ͻߣ̫ƻˡ
̫ѨͷͿſЦЦĿңҲ֪վˡ
ôˣ
˵ֻ΢΢̧֣Ҷ˻ᣬǱǸƲ
㾫Щ˵
ǲҲδΣ̾˿߹ȥ
ˣҩһ˯ᡣ
֪ô£һ˾ͻúճңֻ֪ʱҲ˵㻰
ǷǴӦɣȻȥˣʱ̶˷ġ
ǣҵ߻طԹԺҩɻشϣû߾ʹƽȵĺ΢ͷ԰׵ɫһֻ˸λۣһ˯һۻˡ





 120 

Ҿ֪Һ˫ӰĻˣҲû˼ȥҰţֱӾ˰Ѵ˭Ҳȥ
ڿʲô˶ɽ
ˣҲΪʲô˭ǳںĿģ
֣Ҳġ
Ŷô
Գȥߡ
ˣϽ඾˰ɡ
ƳͺãҲѪ
ŵס𣿡ûش벻ֲһ䣬ҲҪģɵĴ𰸡
£վˡ
Ÿ˵ͷſұһıһ߷ݣЩԽĵˡ
һ˶ȥˣҪõʱһټֵأ
κȥչˡ
ţôˣ
һҵСϣˡ
ôᡭЦһҾͣסˣϲأ
ʳھ֪ǰʣҪǲҲκ˶ȥˡ
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Ц̧°Ͳҵһǵ춹ġ
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ȥģһ¾վסҵĸ첲
㲻ҪӸ
Ŷ֡
ҶӸطƿžͿϣһ㼱˶ŨЩǺˡ
ˮ˳°ͻ䣬ʪ½ɵ̽Ϊī̡кѪƹ˳ָѪ˿Ө׵ָ£ϸǳصۡ
ϸüһš漴ȳһںѪббϣһ顣
΢΢п۽µһκճ԰׵غԼֻҪ־أһôϸȥȴ־ĵдǸоͺʱ˫İ׹ֽĲӡ
˿ҲŻ˵㲻Ҫǿֲ
ü¶׹⣬ҧҧתȥƱҴһƵء
ùӸǺϲѪȫƳˣ
ͷԹ԰չڡû¡
ʹȴоȻɱǹɢҲԾֱһץס
ȻûʲôƤˣ֮´֮ǰҺָָԼأŵòᡣ
΢΢齣ֻ§Ҳ˵
Ժ󲻻ˡҶһ䡣
šҳ˰ʪ½󣬡ȥϴϴˣ㱾úܣòɣ 
ҡ
ҵƿȴıһ
ǻҪҪ£Ƥ
üһ壬Ҫֱŵģһ˿ڡ
㣬ҡ˭ϡˣֲСӻҪ㣬Լȥϴ
ֱߵӾ˦ʲôҸӣ
ҪϺȻһֱ˻ȥ
Сĵ㡣Сĵÿ֪ʲôʱҽϵıҪΪĸ˻ôײײˤô죿
ʲôһʬ
ûұĳڣбۿѵڲϱġ
ڻãһ˵˺޲ðˡ
̧ͷٺЦһ㶰ûзӦ
ν᲻áƿ齡
ȥĶ
ˮϴ
췭˸ۣ˻æĺãϲܶģֻҪ뿪߷ΧͲˡ
ߵ¥´Ŀ˴һȦΣŸ˵˾ͳˡ
ô
˵ʱȶˣչš
ҲȥϢɣ֮ڡ
ɷ˵ӡ
к뿴Ų£͵ء
һ˻ִҪڵĻεǵģϴжҲΪң֮ȥ
εͷۿЩ졣
ôˣ
ûзҲͲֵˡ
һ£⻰ǴӺ˵





 121 

˿ɻǵӕF
룬ûʲôҡҡͷ
߸һ׵λ
ŶŶôˣ 
˵һҾˣСƨÿζᱻҺݺݳЦһ
Ƿ˻ǵɽС߹𣿡
С߹û𣿡üͻȻ뵽ˣǲǼٵ˴С߹°̥ɣ
ͷҲŵĿ
Σ󣿡
ʮ
һֱΪֻʮ꣬Ȼ֮ģС
ٵ׽ΪҪͶЧǰɣΨһӣС߹Ҳֻʣˣ
ʵϵʱС߹ѲʤսӕF׽ǲС߹ˡ
һô£ ˵ǾǸٵˣûסڵɱĻôصˣû˾ɱҪǼݼҵŶ
ҪǷǡ
ֻǿǸˡϰ˱˵Ŀк䳰ȷӵҵϰˡ
˵ȻһߵĽŲ˲٣֮ϲ徲˭˱ӵأ
ɫҲһ䣬üǻǣ 
»ûüϿڲͿĳѥ̤ţŸФɪԼºͰࡣ
ô⣿أ
º˵Ҳһ
ûüһתΡ
̧ۿ˿ʲôû˵ȥ
㲻ǻˣФɪֵʵ
ô˵Ļǻ֪֮˵£
أ
Ӣھǣôˣ
ԭǱ·͵ûʹĽû׽
ڹȥôˣоأ
üʣҲûֵζǳһʺ͵ġƲ־þû֮ϢҲʼ򲻻ðոϻˡ
򴽣Ұľŵ˵һ£˵Фɪ¥ϳ塣
ҪòҪŵۣƳӲͷƤվͣ˵ˣº˵
ҪعתܰȻ޻˵
ʳǵʮֱڳ£˳˱˵ҪǳҪһ¶ѡ
ǼѾȥˡ
ͷվ¥ԣѻһ·ƽĵ԰׵ɫӨĽ次 
һȥҴͥҴҪǼˣر쳿İߣһ١˵߹һַҵļͷӵķɷΪһã 
ϺԶƻһ߽ŵӦǾĬȻīµĻҲһתȻţ޵Ļͬʱֲż̡
ɪسǵ֮ȫ
˷ФɪһȥˣƬ̶顣
ˣ
Ҳұҡ
仰ҾͿʼˣǣ˭žǲҡ
һû̧ۣıҿ϶ſˡ
£ڸ
˭ոջӦ˺ǰķģ
ûµģѡ˵žԱ£ϰԵ
ۻɵĿôճҵ»ܡȥʮ˶Բߣµɣ˲ˣ
ЩˣϵĹӾ׼ģ˭֪ӿǻû򵽾ͱһֻקסˡ
ôֶܳϸü΢š࣬ȥЩĹҪӪġ
۰ͰͿһ̹ûգ˳ϵʳȫˣҲҺֻһˮ
ȻһǱȽ㡣
Ūҵ֣̾һ̧ͷ 
ӿڳҽɡ˵һԼЦˣӲɽ̣Ͳ֪Ҫԡ 
Һһ鿪Լ֣ȥ̸᳤Ե˰˭ˣ 
Ц԰೤۳ɵһ̡
ûôʱϢǲġ֪жԼʧȥ㣿ֻõһõĶ
֪
οѾõˡ





 122 

С˭ҪǹϢ˭͵ùҪʱûֹ˵ȥָ͸ʲô׵Ĺ£˵ʲôֻüṦǧĻʲô书ֻṦͲѧˡ
ΪͣΨڲ顣
г𣿡ڱƵĵôҲΪ
СãȴҰġ
СҪˮûɣ뵽׻ĵ
ô˵
Ľ˧ӡûб⸸˳Ϸƭ˶Ϊɽˮˡ
ӳԭΪⲽ尡!죬޲һСĽ֣
ȻСҲȫȫġ˵ţ˳˿𻨸ĽҪǳ״϶ǵһˡ
ţҲһ侮ʯ
ѵʱΪṩ鱨
һɡ
̧ϸ۵СβһĨ٬
Ϲһ̫أڵڶ˵Ƴһۣ˵˶ó
˵Ҿ׸
ȻǸ˻ϲĺӣѹ㸸ʲҪ㡣
δ䣬ɫͱˡ
˵ңԼҲǣŮвȱٻȴѰһģ˶ֻҪ㡣
⻰˵ǡҷЦɡ
ô˵һģһ
˶켷һ䣬ʲô
СӾСֻţ˵ʲôأ˵ұȽϲңǵĹϵ
ֻʵʵ˵㲻ڵʱ﷢ʲô
һضںĻŰۣаڵĽűߡ
۰̧ͷ𻨸ȽϸɳЩҭ
ʲôҲ֪Ҳ̫ˡ˿ڲбۿһֱδˣ㶼ô̽ģֻһ
СүˣûлشңЦ׵ת˻⡣ 
ߣк𡣡ͨ͸︡һĹ⣬˭Ӯ壬󶼲ݵңԴвΪǿ
ռ˶Ȼأ
ϹֵĮ̬ȴ̼߿űߵĽ߹ȴһὦĲˮѨ
ºͰ඼ûжֱ޲Բǡ
ںݺݵߵˣΪ㣡һ־͵̣
㼱ȡϹ񽥽ͱˣī綾̵ľۣɱ㲻ϵ
ûʲôӦҵˣôͻȻ̣
㡭ѵ˵
ֻѡˣô˷Ҫ̲ϹҺͷһҪ̫θҲСƾЩȥץˣƫƫ֪ô˭ý˵Ц͸Ѫġ֪Ҳܸ֪ʲôε³ֲûп
ʲôʱ֪ģ
ٱҪ硣
ҧôܣ
Ŷ⻹Ҫллʮһɾ͵һ¶ˮԵϧ԰ĻСү˽ðɣ
һ仰ȴը죬һ棬Ұ
ƭҡ͵ૣҭ
Ҳ޿в̶ûʲô𡣡
˵ˣϹСּǳ𣬵˭һ˾ͱ˦õ
£Сүؾ 
˵õϵİ𻨸⣬ôһ緹ֳԲˡ
һûءˣǶôԾôԵġ
Ϸһ룬ϵĵͻȻߣʵ˵׻ûëһСľͻᱩ¶
˵һ飬û
΢΢Цţһʱ˹
ʲʲôҸո˵ʲô𣿡װģתۣʱˣԷɡ
࣬緹á
ڡι
ϵ˵꣬ûӰˡ
ڶͦζģǰ׵ˡ
ⲻŮѲ㻹ҺãƫҪ⣿
ظһ飬˳˶ǰ鷢˭ҪǸôһ֪ʲôġ
㶣û뵽ˡ
Ҫᡣ
Լһʱļƻʼնû׹ңΪû˰ɡ
ţһԵġ
û˵ֻӦ˺ܾòŻعζ
ЦɢһƬġҶϵϼů⡣ 





 123 

ʱϢĻתһ궬ѩ׷ס
£΢żСѩڽǸůر䡣
һ̫ƽҵеסˣ⼸ھ¥ûôȥ淢ʲô¶֪
֪ͲװˣȻ˵һװԼôǸϹôʲʲôؾ¾ͱȥˣϲԸ£ԣϹװÿζĵط
Сʲô
⡭С˳򣬡Ҳ
ȥҸ²裬бһۡ
֪ҽƢã߿ĳ̶ֳ˵ǻָǰƢҲû˵ʲôת¥
ָܴʲô֧Լȥơ
ΣһŮõĽӣôĿŵĴӳŽϹģ
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ѭȥԭǺӶһҪ¥ƫ˫ۣôƼˣ
Ҳ˵ˣɢ档
ô˵û˭ɢɢȥģ
Сӣܵõࡣ
˭ˣ
ţһɻ
ҶǶҩþ԰ҩҲһʲô֪ˡ
ûʲôˡ
ҪʲôƻȻɡ
û¸ߣȥ˶
ʲôÿģʲô£
ѵҾͳһµȥͲȥ˭ϡ
ιһˡССأ
ûܺӳƤںУˡ
ͷһƤʼͻȻЩԥԤС
ƫƫ֪ɽлƫɽеˣ±߸ơ
û´ҲȷˣеȻ벻ĺˡ
㻹Ҫʲô˵ԶԶأЩƣ
Ҫ㶼ԸΪֻһãҲ֪ˡ
ǱĬΣĬ˿ɬ
ðһ䣬˰أκֻı顣
桢ģŮ˵ȥҲ֪Ǹ˻Ǽġ
Ϊȥ
һĬԶƮѩȴȥ
ܾã滹ûҾͲסˣƿŵֱ롣
ûǰɣ
˿Щ⣬ûתͷһɫɲϣ˭ˣԭϧ԰Ļ
ܳ˵Ҳ˼ΪǸ¶Сͱϧ԰Ҳ֪ʲôּģ¾͸ɴ˼һ仨һ仨ĽţҲһֱеڡ֪µԵһЦһʱ绹λĴء
ϧ԰ûҪˣ˼Ժס㵽ôİͶһ㲻׵ˣ
ס˼漴ЦһȫƸղŵûϹʱյĵλ㻹վǰ
Ƿҵģҿֻⲻɣһ˫۾ֻű˵ķⲻš
ûȻö˵ɣϲûеཻĵزʱʹҶûش𣬺ܶ¸ûҪ˵
һ仰¹ȥû̧ͷлвʡ
ʱϹ˶߹סҵ֡
˵ˡ
ôࣿ
б۹ȥһ㶣߬ҵ̲סЦ
Ϊ˲Ͽʲôûиɹǹ֪Һˣ֪֪ǰҲϣ
Ϲɫ˲Ͱˣ򴽱һߣڵҡҷ





 124 

ǰ
ǵľ¥һƬɱ̵֮ɫɢһҶ
ʱʱڼңҪŵ飬ֹܲסңұŷĪϵرߣͼҾʹŵʱճҲŵϹº赽ȥ֡
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·Ⱦɺ·㻹Ҫ˲㣬ҲŪ𣿡
С㣬Ϲҵļò΢
˭׳ƣʲôֶҧԼˣ
дү˼
¶һҪˡ
׳ƻ治ɫ˵ҲãҵڿƦ
ãСǼСүʲôҩǻ׳˵ʿԼ˵磿
ܸʲôҩĴμܺƽദģһ䲻˳ʹˣҩߣҵŶҩԳԣ
ֱ׳˵ⷬȻΪһ֪׳ƿеıָҵ
ҲãиϳݣСҪ𣿡
бҪ׳ʲôôˣ
赶ɱõòȻ׳嶯ҪŸ㻹ʡʡɡ
ǿϧˡȻһתСүȥ
˭ҶǺҹⲻȥϹǱС˵ģ
׳ľȻоû˵лѪĳ̶ֱ
ûϵһ֣㣬ʱһֽ¥бб£ײ˰׳ϵĽ
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ƮһըףʱΪɫȴīûعͻǰİ׳һֱֱصȥ
׻
򿪳ˣ׳³еѪۿý֧Ϲ
ҪҪ
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û𣬵Ϲ˳¿ԱƵȥɱϹףŲ׸һҪȴºܾĥ
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ܷ
شҵĵǰ׳ƣǸһϢ˻ҪǿŲˣ仰˵Ĳ
ûʲôΪ֣ԽҲҾԽҪˣ˳⡣
º裬ϣ
Ϲºۣοʱ򻹰ҰͷҺڣĥĥ߳׳ֱֻһüë˹ȻܲӵЦ˳ 
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ĺܺãɵεǸüëĻǷĪ硣
ˣһҪ˹˭
˵ϹºϹϽ¥ǰŸһ̤ȥһ漴£ֻһ˲˴ͷʪš
Ī绹иس˵ԶǺõĲ黵飬׳ѻ졣
ǰ׳ǰ˺ʵı˸͸ȻǸѻҲ⡣
˰ȴû˽ããһƬʲô塣ƳϹһڳŲסˣ뻹Ȱ˰ɡ
⻹еҩҩȥƹҪײ
Ѫô࣬ҲҪ
üһҪӣҵתͳš
ȥҪײ
ѽСӣ˰
ֽϹ̾̾־ȻҲһ¡
ѵúĿƫƫЩ˲飬Ȼζ˻θףҩһȻ۵ҽʣİƿҩ˵ײĵ˵ϡ
ʲôʹ˿üͷ壬ҲҪȡ
ͬﲻˣûϹüͷһ£Ϊ˸Ů˾ͷŮôһ𡭡
Ļһ˫ֿס˲ƻ˶˫īҡ͸졣 





 125 

Ȼһ꣬ҿľƿϮƺЯŶ·ҪһСڡ
紵оЩʪۿȥСϵһ˿˲Ѫ·ճܡ
˵̫أֻһƸòȴ˫۶˶á
֪˶ãͷڵļûйսֻǰһͷһأкһֱεˡ
ûͣˮ۲ɢҪû˿ں׾ͻȾ
ˮûǵķٸû˰
š
ССһ˲ȼеıꡣ
ȥˣ˵󣬽ͣô
緹ûء
ڣǲȥСӣԽԽôԽԽˣ
ҿͷҪ˱СΪʣ
㣬ҪϹҵ˹ⲻȥ
ܶȥҷĪ硣
ͷ࣬Ҳһۡ
¥ͿＷˣԭĴˮ֣˲ԶͲ
ѵϹ·ĪҲҳͷͷ㶪˺˵ȥ
һ˼ôˮ·ȺһɧλṲ̊ˮ̧һλ
ɡŮ
ʲôŮ޷ǾǽϹãˮĹҲᣬǼʱ䳤̵⡣
ƲǶѵſڣǰұߵŮƿӣʱн̵һʱۡ
߳һλ꣬ŲЬƽ£һ֬ͷڡ
һĽ񸡿ҪһǾײͣƫƫǰλֻнϢĹ
ӦǸ彿ˣ۽Ǻʹȴһ˵ޡ
һĵĿһȦ°ͣߵŮӽϳһˣҶۿȥ̲ס
ϸ΢һӦһɨ˹
𣿡
ֲ֣ܺڵʱݼҷͷʢʱ
ѻԲѵķĪ罻ҰúúҲһź͹ŵʱ䣬¥Ѵ˴Ҵȥ
Ҫ˵ĻӦһ֮Ե̫ݣӡֻ۵ɫͽɫοô꣬С粻֪ҰŵµĸȥˣѹҺܾЩ졣
Ī絹ûʲôˣǻŲѣ֪Ҳҵ飬æϹºȥ
˭֪ûϹĴʦ־ˣʱҲſʼԼ˸鷳
ΪʲôһϹңֻܽǽйʹ
ǸϹҵ治˴ĵط⡣Ϲкܶȴ֮нסķ䶼ǶŶԺġŸڸڣ˦˼ֵĵӷֳһɹ죬ಡѡնɵһϾҪƤһûôڿġ
ΪСӲëȻұðȻҲȥˡ
ϹܵıĿ£һ£ҪϻѾһ
ǰͻȻ֣һھ;ۿƽʱһʱĲӰ
Ĭ˰ΣҶ˶죬ҪһֱƢҲѹؾҪˡ
û˵꣬һͤӺȻ̮ʱʹһһŲ֪ߵغƤ˵ҵʱͻСҲܲŵ

˺߰˰˵Ϲ鲻Խرĳ֣ɫ͸ѿˡ
ûСӣ׼Ҿͬ㡣
Ϲûпϲɫвֲ÷ΪҲһ˳ɡ
ɱϹ̫ƽ𣿡
ʲôһ˶Ҫġ
䲻ְŸؾᶼôһˣ
ϹĶϵ죬ʺϺ̹ǡ
ι㲻ǰɣѵҪΪһӣΪһͲֵ𣿡
һ΢֡
ǲģҲԼҪ뿪ģʲôֱӹϵ˵㻹ûʹͬͬأɱȨҲзݵĺòã
Сӣ㻹Ϲ۾·ʱҪء
Ƥ룬ȵĸоǱҧһڣȴԽʹԽ
һһ֧÷𿪡
ҵġ
߰ƹֻϴ⣬ʹĺһϡ
ʧȥʶǰƺһϤΣа·˳ȾЦ绨о綾





 126 

ҹӴϾ۵ĲӣԺΨһͷǸϽ뿪ǡ
Ī˰׳ƵĶڣҩҸˣڳſںϹºһȥǻͰɡ
ŲӺɵĳǰһ̻Ҫɱҵʲô̼ͻȻҪˣ
ҵϿɲûй߰ɣһûиıǰ
ȻǺãһǷһ飿
Ķ
һǴӷſڴϹ˲ˡ
Ļǿ죬˵˼仰
ӲˣҵĻˣ
ݼûô
Ҫ췴˵㻹˵㣡
ϹʵҲǸʵ۶׼ʲôʲô˭ˣΩǧ˳ƴӣͲ
Ϲҧ´ʱ൱С԰׵˵üľֻ֮֮ȥžͽ￩ûš
ʵ˳ҲӲǹأǣΨһʹ˸ŵ˳ſڡ̵ҵĳ̶ˣԺҲˣĳһҲ֪ۣϹĻţ
ãȻŻʲôá
Ϲ˵һ䣬䵶ǰ
һƬհ׹ѹʱֻ۷һƤžǻջǵʹһֱʹ 
㣡
˵𾪣ԸûΪʲôҪȥ㣬㵲ԸĶԼȶġ
ͷԵʱǱߵַһƺХϮ
һε˳ˮۣ˾ͰϹƵȥˡƷǣֲֻĵĽβ˽Ҳûӹ׵صײ˺ľϣ˸ʵʵ
ϵʹؿһϲˣ
ιιϹҹʵһһ㲻
ĵźþ˻еģһҲһζ֡
ҵûιȥúܣѡʱ׵ĴʹڶУֻҪ˾ͻᷢһһعȥĺܿ죬Ҫһȴˡ
Ϲĳһһʽƾصĺݣ񲻰ԼӶɸʮ߰˶ξͲݡ
˵˭˳ȥΣ˵ͷȻǰ۵İ׹⣬Ѫӿֹֹס

ͷǰһƬиӰߵǰң԰ϸݵָյЩȡ
һԾ뿪ϹңȻʱ򲻹ٽһŹĹصƹǲ˦
㡭ֵá
Ϊֵˣ
Ĩ˰ϵѪ˵һ㡣
ǿ͵ǸˡұǸϲµˡ
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 128 

꿪磬ͷҲһˡ
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 129 

ĸʵǸʲô𣿡
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Ұһǻ˭
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 130 

ԭҲص̫ã޲˶֪жϹǴ֪ɱͶһҲÿ˳ˮۣҪܹƭĿġ
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ΪҴӺڰǾҵʹҲѾȥΧӵһӵϣδüһһϣǹ˺Ѱʹٴϯ
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˰ˣǸۣƬТ˼һһء˵ϹΣʱ뿪˳Ҳӡ
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·
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ڲǵЩʱ򣬰òŪЩ鿪ַסҵ֣˵ԽԽȥԼأ벻˻᣿ֺֻϲǷǣȴ֪⣬ңתֻΪ˸һ·ѡ֪ʱͬգȻִŲϷ֣ǲǻң
ϰˣô꣬һʱȥģЦƳһۣⲻǸһĳЩ˵־ͻһĴҪôװȥʱ͹ȥ̹ʹЦ
ûûߵָԳЦһ˵˯ᣬιҺЩˮ˵㶫§һ¡
紺ͷů͸ֽӶٹУܰĶůˡ





 131 

һС꽫µĳʪ೤ů˸磬ϡ
Сһһ˫۰Ͱ͵ĳңΪ᲻תѿЦñ˭
СүñָɾЦŰƳţСɡ
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ϼһֱѹλಢڴˣƫƫиս̵ǰͷǰۡͰԴСҲʶϵ㲻ϺõҲ㻵ż˵˶٣֮ǰ˵Ȩ±֪µľֻ࣬ó˵㡣
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ʹթսǰ˵ġ룬ƤӵðԲԾûò㶼¸ҩѡ
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ҶһǵЦģС¿ɲ磬ͷֻҪĹɽǻ𺣲Ƕȥһŵ𣿡
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˴þòǿϹĶѿʵһûҺɫ
˵ղ˭ĵ˵ʲôһҡģһ˦ɫҿľ㡣





 1 

վϹҵǰǰĴšҶɵ壬޴Ҳ̤ڶ
һҲʶݼİˣǲһجΣԭҵδվ˵ģΪʱǼƢԲԼδ͵ϣǰݼ¼ٿ˵һ͵ϡ
꣬꣬Ѷ˻˳ۡ
ڴĻڸ߸ߵϣվվ׵ǸݵӰ΢ķϡ
ѾŵĿˣݼҵĶ벻ҵۣ˵ôݼңҲþա
˵ҲŲϡ׶ʲôϡüǲмͳ
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˺ݼв֮ΪʲôҪ
ϹûеطȥˡЦһºͣΪϹҵүϲݼˣȥһģû֮ؿԸǡ
Զһ㣬ǿȥԶһĵط֮ñȸɳĮӰܲȥɡ
û̲ˣؽ֣Ȳ˵ԸԸ⣬Ҫ˻᲻
˿ԼҪ侲Ϊʲôƫƫǣ
ӵĿһۣ̾̾˭֪һμֵ췭ظ֮Ҳû棬ȴǴδζŵģҲַ֪ʲô壬øһĶ˵Ȼ
ͰʲôϵǸ֪ߵغС

֮ǰѾöԼ𣿡
£ʱûһ˫֣ԼûǼӿԸݼҵٶȣ׷ʲôȴһֶ˵
ɱҡ
һ۸˵ʲôһȴҵĻ
ݳľȻϹҵϯӣ顣ѵã𽵹ȥҲˡ
ﱧһʮŮǸ˯㣬Ķᣬȫûбѡ˵۵ҧһڣŨܵĽë»һ˫أ˯ŶԵô۾Ļһǳ˻
ôõһӰֲþ鶼ôС
һ±֪ˣϹҵүϹСãЩĺӡ
һ˲ͻȻЦСʱֺγ˱赽ȥģݼһܳѾû˻ˡ
Ķݼҡֺݼҡʸݼҵ񶼶㵽Ϲҵ£ɢĸɸɾһ
С㣿ôվſڲȥ鿴һ£žʵ
СؽȥͨˡЦŻش
ǰһȥءҲЦŽһ䡣
£ҡ˶˶ƺѵļ
磿
ˣ
˫۾ȻƯ͸Ļ顣ȻոתѣЩɣɫĳȡ
̧ͷǿٿңžİͿ˺ܾá
˵⬣ȫ¶Ǵ̣ƢֻСּǺޣҲݣ͵СƢ̫ҳԵ˿ͷҪѧһİ磬⼸ÿһҾͰԭԼصø
ڻм˿ó۾Ĵ̣ǰֽСúΪҵ۾һ־
С㣬ء齫ɱø˵㡣
ԭܿұ¶ˡֻ̯֣εЦЦ˱ͲԸġ





 2 

ϹҺܴһ԰һ԰ͥԺŵģ͡
ʱһμѾˣСҵĵһӳ񼫶˵Ĳãÿμ治Ӿֱӳȥһܡ֣òʵǵòǺ˵ģŵӡӦ۸ڶţо˫ǳرĵˡʲôˣСʱҲʲôƯҿϼ۵ģڿ϶ǳü۵Ĳ
ʲôأҡ
ţ̧ͷԭѾˡ
һƢһ
λ¥ܳСЦЩΣү˵͡
Ҳû뵽Ϲ˾һ¾µˡ
ߣҾ֪
ѿϹô˼̧ͷ¥Ͽȥ
겻ģҲкܴĳ룬һһ۾ϳ
ޣү۾ϹҲˣȻĺÿŭԹĵز
ߣҾͲֻˡ

һǺ˳һȴҲˡϹ˵ֻĸүôݵ˱˲ͬƫƫżʲôʲôݡ
ΪСƢˣû뵽ô񡣡¥ϵĴƮ
۾ǳƯ΢΢Цʱ򣬼й˻ȻЦʱΪ۽üģرĹ꣬Ưĳ̶ȡЦʱ򼸺٣ҲֻΣȴӡ̵裬Ϊ˫صķۣʱ絶ϬһεмʱҪ
ұɿŵȭʱҾ㲻ԼҲҪİΣݼѾˣҲ˺
ŶеҪǰһӹˡ̬ȻЦ⡣ 
㵽ΣҾƽ
ЦſڴڣһϮ𣬾Ʋߡ
磬ں˭˵ѽŮЩϤ
ܵڣЦһ壬ұͽˡ
ιֲǲɻбҪҾ
ôʶλ㣿Ϲ˾Ȼôº͵ɵͷǰҴʱҲûϧġ
ţղſڵĽ㡭ЦžϹߺܰȫ磬ǵһμôƯĽء
ܼô
һ˲ҺȻвõԤУϹЦҲ̫һ㡣
𣿡
ϹͷϸĿҲţЩ֡
ΪТ˳ŮΣ
Źɡ߹סҵ֣֪ϣҳ֡
ݷˣϹñٲˣҲ֤ʲô





 3 

ɣʮǰݼΪΪΣϹΪĩӦ˷ˮתĵݼһϦ˥ܣϹҵ˳ߵ˼ʢĶˣҪ֣׻иҸһ
Ϲҵڽϱ˲֪˲Ϲһνֵһ֮õݼţϹҵŴ˭˶µĵز˶ʶϹˡϽѸ¹ĹϹһʱ¹Ҳ쳹֡
˿̵ǰ¹·ϣζ˰ա
ϹңϹ˿չίҲϣͽۡ
㣬㲻𣿡ƿһǣСԴѲһϸܵĺ顣
̫˰ô᲻ȣǽ̫رңֻƫֲ׳ѡ
ˮһ˿ǻ
ŶתӹˮּңҪҪȵˮ
̧ۿһǰߣСľͲҪ˵ɢҵעȻһŲסѾû˵ˣҪŵ¹ҿɲҪϹЦ
ɱӡûһᣬֱ
˺˵ҪشһɣСƢַˣ
ڲ㳳Ҳû˵ԼҲүƢʲôʸ˵ҡ
ͣΣȻһ¡
ʲôҿһκϹӰˡ
ǰ̧εͣҵĽѾʹˣһǰ߾ֱֱײȥ
Ȼһײ͵ѣϮǰֻһƬתĺڰˡ
ǽ֦Ҷʧȥʶǰ˱Թһ䡣

۾һŷŴܽһֱŵʧ̼һ㶼ϲ
ʻѵͦ졣
ôôϤ
㡭죬Щð̡
ˮ˪зݵĶô£
ȸұˮ
ǰܽûɣεͦΣ˵ƮݣЩɷǵĳһ۾˼ס
˱ˮңҺ۾ֱֱңҲ˵ǲϰݵġ
šǸ¶ɡǲŵɡ
¶˿ȤĽÿζֻһ˵ỻŶ£ҪصĻҪô鷳𣿡ЦԼԼ¶ÿ춼͵͵سһ㣬ݼ鲻ϣˮǰĶ򲻵͸ķ˪ֻд·ռˡҪǳ仹֪Ѿ˼ˡ
¹Ļ֮һɲֻشҽʥ֣ʲôס
ϹĶ죬ҲˣһĹӴҲϵĲˡ
㵹֪û²οԶҩ޷Ȼļ֪ɱΪֻŭݼҸٵѡַʽΪݼҾܶһ𣿡
ҡȣٲ̬ţĿֻǱѣԲʲôö
ȻΣҪҹⲻȥ
ЦЦϵһüҵздš޿ɾҩĸ֡
ǲǵ͹һμ棿
ĵ˭ǵã
Ǹʱݼһǿʢһءת⣬ݼҵС㵽Ǳģô˵ѿܻڵҲֻСˡ
ѿҲ㣿ҸѿҶѾǺܿˡ
ε̾˿վ˴ߡ
㵽ʲôʱ֪أ
žҵıӡ
һûֻҵϹƾʲôָֻš
žĻһ˦ûˡµֿݣȥߵȣ̧ͷľȻϹ





 4 

ﲻݼңһ¹Ķʲô㣿
һԼ֣˿ٴٴίֻӲѹȥȻǰ˶ֲ
˵ؿЩƣȥ
΢Цףȥ
ҵǲ֪ҲΪ˿ǣϧԼôΰ󰡡˰װ׳һƤ࣬˵Ļô̱
ץµı޵棬ٴθԼҪ侲οҲʵԼӿڳ
Ҳ֪£Щ
ʱ٣ˣǾʲô¶ҪΧһתǸʱݼ¡Ҳȷ˱ңҺγ¹ʲôƫƫ˸Ϲҹⲻȥºҳ˵˵ÿһײĻҳԵԼµĿͷһһδû©
һҩˣͷŹ㡣ǳʴȵ˵쿪ʼ¹źǵЩɲϲ̰˯
̫ɫϼӴһĺϣ幦µӣɢ˿ʢţĵ޲ɷĵּ˫΢ĵۣ޵ģɫϼҪϼ֣Ҫ˾̾
Ưһֿµĳ̶ȣֱһ
˿۽΢΢ЦôƯȴ֪ʲôô֪
ֻ겻Ȼ
֪ˡҳһЦѡ
Ҳû뵽ô˳һ£ϸ
ίˣ 
ֱίС˷һ࣬ȥ̱˵ϹǲҵԽĥĲǲǣ
ж಻ƽҲʱֲֳ֪Ҫôŷˡҿûģѡ˲˵ֻҡͷ
ÿĴߣееãɫģһۡ
ʲôˣ粻ļһӵ˲
һ¡ΪԼǣһ»Ҫһµġ
˵żϵ¯̵ķ۱Ī⡣
ǸҩʵҲûϵġ
ɫһ˻㻹ΪС鶼˵ģ
ðɣ㽻ҵĴ󡣴һ˲עҩˣͻҿԡ
ˡ
ҩࣿ
ʵҲǡһ㡭
ôǱҪǰҶˡСҳҩĶҪȫµġ
ǰأ۾ڵķܲԸϵǷǳƯǰôҩģ
Ȼû˵ɲ²¿࣬ҲҪȥô㻹С㡱Ļ
һҩһ۽
¶һ̵ЦԵһҩˣʲôȻݵֵز
Цģֲмģ㲻мһмأ
ۿϵı粻һᣬ̧ͷΣȥЩ۽
Ϣģ˵оһĴڡ
Ҳ۽ôõ£ұ֤
޳ҵͷ־ᡣ
ˡ
Ҳϣвɾˡ

ȻһͷһΣһΪɣڶΪԶĴ
Ȼôֺαðգɳᱻ˵ȥźˣùǸСãʹÿμϾͻдš޿ɾҩĸ֣ҲŮ˼ʵĺáĻἵʣͻ뵽ǰԼǧ谮һ˲ȻӵļʣôȲƽϲԹҲͲˡ
Һ˼ĵűÿˡ
ȻֱŵˣΪҩľȻĻ֮һФɪ
˵üȴϲǰڳЦЦı飬·ͻúƵġҲǺֻߺѿΪ˼ʣҾǿرĲˬ
ûǴĻòСʱҲҵ





 5 

Ũĺɫҩ֭ǱϹűӹȥģϵԼҧҧȥģǵҿðſζĺɫˡ¿࣬ҩ¼ֱ̣ԸõҲҲùǿĵĹ
ҩĴ󷢣Ǹһڱε˲۽һĿζ
춢ҳҩ뿪֮û˽ˡҲǵȷ˻ҩĹϵ֮һҹΣ⼸ѵõһҹþ
̫Ҿˣڴͷãһ󲻽ЩԳЦЦϹ˵ĻҾȻεļסѾΥˣ˵ҪЩҾĵͬҪǰҪһƱ˵۾ݼС˲ģʱѲˡ
˻ӦԳǿپ·ʱپõϰ߶ܸı䣬ֲԸⲻԸ⡣
˼Ƶź˵ȻǰݳˣοӼҵʱͼ˼·ڶȽϸԾˣЩӻ˼˼ҲҪɾ׵ĻƵģɫʶĻȫܱȡ
˵㣬ĸɸɾٻȥɡ촩ǼǼ·õһˣΨһһ黨ģΪҪϹĵǲʵĽǲǰ䣬ԺôҪ棬Ȼ֮һ飬ִ¸ûҪ
ЩҪ˭Ϊʲô¹ôסҸߣ
ߵԺǰʶǳص⣬̽̽ӰûС
СҪȥĶ
һһɫӰƮǰ
ǰϸӣ죬۾ں촽ݰ׵ģϲ
ǣ
СΣߵ̴ӡ
Ŷΰҵͷ⺢ɰҲ̴ӲҪߴ粽𣿡
û뵽һҺźţСĸС㡣
𣿲˰ɣ¹Լĵܷʲôˣ
̾ѹĳһĽ
ǸᡭСס
СסҶԷˮƹ͵ˡ
ŶҳЦͷܴȥ𣿡
ֻںڵ۾ɵԲԲģæ˵ȻССĻٵġ
˵ͼˣҲҸûϡˣСùأ
ЦŸȥôѹҲһЩɬСð
˵¹ľ¹쵱ϸ徫µ޿ޣ·߲һǱ㵽ҶԷ
ҶԷŻʱֵĩԺõɫƮ㣬൱ľáһδе°
ɫҲƯСǸи˰
¹ÿһԷÿһ¥ܹɽϸģÿһǾɫ˵ĵطҶԷɱСֲõȻǲͬ
ɣûҾȼӻĥˣϹǿ׼һ㣬Ҫʱʱ̿ż尾ͰƵôˡ





 6 

Ժȥʱһ·ٲĿǰѺеģһƳҾǱĵģЩɴͰҵ͸ˡ
ƲƲ죬ԼϹưͣҲ˵
ߵұһӲȴʮ㡣
˵óݵȻͬͬΪ˵λҪ߳ģȻϹߵ̴ҲɼԼӵĵóжˡ
ƫʱ̲סЦ˳Ǹֵɫһҵ˵ı»һûͽ˸ӡֹƵĲ֮ȷЦǰһСѾͷҲҸȹФ󻤷أȻСѾͷʧˣӴûֹ
°ͣбۡ
ұЦݣս֡ޣūţҲеģ
ǹСģи㡣ξȻЦǳСĿ
С㣿һߵüëֻһС㡣
εӲӣǣùźС㡣
ߣֽ֦Ҷ粻費ϵʲô
С㰲š
ߺ˰һѲŲġݡǽ
ҵͷĥƴƴסԼҪɱ˵ĳ嶯
С£־Ƣ˲ˡ
ģЦҿǿЦЦ
ɵţְ쵽ݵƫͲǸˣнȥС㡣
һɲųұЦеġ
Ȼ˵أϲͰѽ͸ˡ
һ仰˵ҵҲһأʲô˼̫ԼˣϹмҾȫΪϲûɱ֣ôܻվȫǿɣǲҪͶعݴţұ㣿
Ц
žӴмϿģ
̫ͻȻˣһСҰײҰ׵ģ۾Ҳһ
һ˲˵ʲôͱһ
ʲôСƢʲôʲôҰûСĸŮܻڣ
֣һȣһ֡
ٴȻҲ֪βǣֻǸūűϾȲӣֻбɨسŵķݣҲ͹˵
ðСˣҪǸ߹㲻֪ʲôͷҪˡһѴŮſ
ͷĻΨһһŮӣҲӢ
֪ɣƹˤˡ
һŵСˡ
ҵɫ϶ѿǿ˲żص˵ʲôϡġ
㡢ˣһӶѣûϵġЦܻӦԺӦûõģֻҪҲѽ˵ȥͲ֪ˡ
С氡Ҳס˭ĵط˵¹һԶٰǵʱ߶֪ÿϢ˭桢˭ȥ桢ȥʲôط桢˶òŻؼҡôЩ£һ
ûϵϹɱңΪСϲ
յ˫۾Ͷľ죬Ц
ǡӢ̾̾޹أ㱻ģϵͻҪҪȥ
ţЩãƻûȥ𣿡
˵¶࣬һÿ
ģæҲȥģ첻ǻʱ䶢ҳǸҩ
ŶҲһȥɣЦ޺һ˾ܾˣ
ҿһЦһܻϵĻ





 7 

һεĵ֮ξ͹ˣӢҪЦЦĶһɽ˼仰ͱºȥˡ
ִȥԺˮҾͿŵǿھֱۣΪСϰˮ»Ѳңټ粻ǲԵġҲǲڻ£Ҳϲһǰ߻ʲôƷͷмһ˻ûա
Բʱ˷ܵķ⣬ֱһֽѵֻܺԼ£Ҳûãȵϲʱûע⵽̣һϺõɶͻϡǰò趼˸ºãֻʢϲҪҶ֡
һ˺¾ûٹңĥīĥϴ·ϴ·ƣɨɨԼҡ֮һһ޳ɣӳ飬ǱС˭֪ûʲôһղסƣҰԼûüǳƤûƣѪԱǻʹ
۵緹ûԣΪֻȫ̧Ǹȱ۵ִ˵мɣָһһʹ
˯ԹһȥҩˡּǽһЦϺһһǳüֻˣ޲ܴ˿̾ͽǧС
ݾͿѾںһðĺɫҩ֭ҳǳҲԲ˵Ҳ
ٿȥҩˡҺ
Ҳҩ
һµСʳбŵϣ򿪺иһ۽
ʿˮ
ҩЩ㡣˿ʼƭ
ǡҲҪܺȰ 
ʲôЩɻĴ˹
㲻Ļ𽵹һ£ҵ֡
ü֣µװΣһ֪ǱúܺõС֣ҿ
ǡҸеԼüͷ˳飬ÿӡ
һǳãЦеӺ˶ڷ⡣ÿ֮ǰֻһ˲ɫͳ
˭Ūģͷϸϸ鷢סۣ
Լȥ飬Ҷȸ״
ŵһͰԼŪˡ̧ͷֹƽеЦֱŵġ
˵£һûӦʱҵıӰҩȥٶȼҩθðҲ͵ػعֱüǺҿ¾Ҫץϵ۽һ̧ȴ۵ȥġ
˷һеؿҼֱðһ˫۹ޡ˲ǺæûСõпЦˣ
ԣ޳ƯָָϵʳС
ϻ۾
ǵĻ΢΢һȻЦò⣬ңҾ͸ԡ
ĿζŨɢҸɴҧ𴽵ǲڡҲ·ϵһֳ°һֲŪʳУ͹Ƕ˵鲻
ɫתʶҧ˴ζζ
Ūʳеͣͣۡ
ôǼ»õĽʲôܸܵıһ𣿡ɫһܣֻԸĿͷ
òܣͷһȣڶ
ȻҷԵֵǽûаֻǿңĴߣȴĺǼѪĶ
Σŵ̾̾۽ιߡ
ྪδܳܵһʱĿ
졣Ҳǰ죬Ҽŵ۽ζָ⴫㡣ҩ
֮㲻ˣ֮ãſںĹ⡣
Ǹʱˣ˸ûԡ
ϵͻȥˡιС۽㲻ҳˣվһͨڹ﷭һСҩ䡣
ŶҵͷδۣͻȻòԣ㶼֪ˣ
ӦҲ֪ҽӵˣ˵ǲҺùģɽһûûѹô׷Źˣ
ҩ䷭ƿƿ޹ޣȻҵ֣үԸҩ
ӵǮǮۣÿǮ뻹Ҫ¹ʮ塣
һɵؿϹ
еʱġ
ÿķۣЦëȻ





 8 

İӹ㲻ϺҲ㲻ϻϹûҺҩ˵ȴҵֻҩЪ˼Żˮ
ɵûֵӰȡ֮һȥº͵֡
ƢǺõúܣʲô¶ңΪֱִӲҡһʲ֪ǴϹǱɹģȥȴտڲҶԷ˶ǿҲ˳۵ϸҡֻ̾ǲ˵ȥˣҾϹҪЦЦĿңһ㺮ë𣬾ûʹ
԰һЩСĦҲȥƽˣ˯ϰߡ
ʮ֮󼸺ܣʱݼҵȻܴҡڵȥĳȥ¥żװȥ¥棬ͨϲȥſ˴̨ųʲôûɹٰȺеľۼأκһʿᵽݼҵС㶼ֻҡͷķݣ˵Ҳѧ˿ȢһҵǰƨҷһǰͽҪʯ
Ȼʱݺ͵λڣҪ˭ҡ
ʲôһʰһ£Ҫȥɽׯ
ţҲȥ
ɽׯׯ㵱ȻҪȥź򡣡
ӣǸɽׯɣǻ֮һãϣ˾䡣
ĸɽׯ
ȻۣЦֻ꣬˵أڱɽıɽׯм
ʵָͷҲôһ
ܲܲȥҳƺûôҹⲻȥССԽϢð˳
ðЦУңҾ׼㲻ȥ
Ҵ˴ۣףͲе⣿οҪС㿪㻹˰أվߣ档
侲ҲŷӦҸղʲô£һðһ亹һҲû׷ٿӰûˣⲻ̫ˣԴҩˣҪôԴҩˡ
һҿʹʱʵ˺һᣬɾжó裿Ļ˵ȻҪϹģôϹҵĴӡӺӶˣȥɽׯЩȥ˫Σ鷳Ҳûô˺òã߾ֻҶ硢ʦֺʦˡ
ĥ˸ϽϳɣȻùȿɲġһѰ˳
ᡭСأôϾҺˣ
С͹һûƼүǶǰ𣿡
⳵С𣿡ǰֳҵô⳵
ţСĳ·ϹͻʱСҪġ
Ŷһ˻Դӿû˯ء
֣˯ᡣ
Цһºͣϣұȥܹˡ
ΪеԳĲοᳵ˺ʵëձʵһһֱ˯ŵĿջ
ѹʱѾڷˣ
ˣŽڵ࣬緹ҪҪԵ㶫
Ի̧ͷҲ˯ڳϵ𣿡
ǹġϡ
̫ȣ˺
Ͻɣ͵ĻҿҪȥһʵġ
˵߹ҴˮһӴϱϹƤӵҿܲ˵ź





 9 

֮ļҾûǰ˴棬޿ջʱҪźɣϴҹ¾Ͳҹˣ÷ʱȺӶټֵźţҲֲˡҪҹģԵҹߵŹˡ
쵽˰ǣԺűڳҪ˯ŵʱͣˡ
˯ǵˡҵ
鲻Ը˳һմؾ;ʲôԣ͵һ̧ͷϹǾȻ˳ûȽջվԭ·˵۹⣬ǵ۹ƺϡֱ¾磬ͷһԵľԾղվĵطͶɫӰŵѱǰľͷջء
ֱͻҴɷ֮꣬ʲôʲô
ɫºǰѰѣŰ׾˹ĵȴһ˫ӥ̵ۣ˭
ڱҴˡЦ䡣
°ֿͣɫ̳ȥ̧̽˹
ȥ
÷㿪ĵӣüɺû򶨽ĵӿ롣
˭Ҫȥ
Ұ׳հȥ̵ĽǸģҴ˲Ź֣
ץһɡ̯˵һ仰ʱ̯·ˣʣɡĶޱȣڲǹʱǰΣĵӳѲѵϾܱһѷıעڣʹѵӵķ羢֮ܰѿ
һͨͨɡֵܵסѣвֻʣɡˣִѹֹӥצҪҵļ硣һֺֿݣֻɡȥĵӣ˼ȴ˳һԭҪץҵ֣֮ǰһֻСı仯̫죬ۿҪץˣȻһ󾢷紵֡
ķӦҲǼ죬ջ֣׷羢̫ǿֱϿѪڣתͷĿϹ
ϹڿջǰԶλãͷβĵЦţǰҲû˿仯ͨһֲܿЩƫƫϹͺ˵ˡΪʽӰεģ仰˵ȫƾˣκζﶼԱɶͻŷܵһʹܰȡ֮İãγɵķмӵùֵٶʵǿĿԺѶ϶ǲϹ֣Լ˵
ߣҲǵģΪܼҵĿ֮´ְɣĻ֮һĲ߿˿ڡ
еĽѳʣһ׸ղý͹ġ
֮¹кθɣ
ôûйϵüúϸȴǷǳ˵ʱšǹŪźСģȻ¹ˣǽҪҪõģ
㶣ȻһĻȻ򣬡Ҿ˵Ϲôûһ㣬ԭиİ㵱Ѿʹ
˵һ飬ҪץɡȴץһѿգĲͷСڵĶ˭죬ɡһ̵ľܵӰ٣ҵһߵľӡ
ƢôꡭľҲҡҡͷ֪ܷ񽫴ľҽ̣
ľɵҪкãϹܺ棬Цر޺
˵ݼСǷǽ࣬ƢǽڳˣƾСݺڼ￴ŲҲĿϸ֦ȸ׻ǱȲ֦ķˡ
ľۣ͸ðһɱ˵ģðŻȻ鵽Ӣ˲ɷ׵ɫҡҡ׹ӡ
ŶһϹз໪װΰ˶ĿһΪһǴû뵽˾ô
Щ˸Ͳö֣ܸˣ
ҲôͺͿп޵װλû𡭡
ûꣿüˬ㡣
ϹЦһҾ֪ı顣ż仰̲סˣ
ҧҧ𣬡ȥ˽ҵʴûһɱ͸ĴмȻ˵ֻǸǲʶֻô֪֪ͼĸôд𣿡
ڵʱǸϹǰһе˵ⷬΪˣͬԾǸԼ·ߡ
ĿһᣬţѵվǷˣȻ
Ӳǳ˿ѱġҴ¹֮ǰ̣Ȼ治Ҫ¹ȥçײ˾ֿɾͲ̫ˣȸաõ˶ϡ
ЩЦ⣬˵ǿɢԵػôôˬġ
С㣿Сˡֵһմˡ
ɵҪԲض˵һ˲עתƾסҳ˳ǣһӵ޴
Цһ֮ǰҶһס
ѵ˱ɽׯ





 10 

˹Ŵ׸ôô
ҲǸģ֣ڳֻˡ
ҵͷΪ־ӦñúõĹţӦñһ
ʧЦͷůů˵Ц˭ѽ˵Ҫô
ſϣ˼ǡʵҲǶˣΪϹ׼ҳ緹˵ʲôʶԼĴ֮ǰҪú÷ʡҲûСߣ˭ϡͶԡ
Сôˣ
û£ֻǱŵ˶ѣϢϢͺˡ
ⲻǻûѪء
ô㻹ִ󣿡һźë
һֻһͷӣ
һͳסҵӣʹ˸ɫִ˳ȥ
˻Ͷ԰ҵʧˡϷЦݣ˸Ƥǲǣܹǲ㷹
ι㽲ǵ£ֲġ 
˸𳰷⣬ϰԵʳָƯ°͡
Ȼǲ֪ԼˣǡЦЦһëȻ˵˵ûһɱ˾ʲô˼
˾֪ҵһһϾԶܶµϸµ̽Ҳȫ̽õ
ʮʱŴȥ棬ǸʱϽھۻΪϽʹԼȥ档ǰ춼ֻ棬һȥ̺ķɽժԣԭȻúõһֱҪȥʱ·һɽƭкĶƭȥԼȴɽˣұɽĶҧһڣûҪҵҴνɱϽ˾ۡҶ֮ҲѵǸСӣȥʱȴҴŽվһϢľǰҲ֪ΪʲôҵʱȻûѪɫ԰׵Ĳ񻰵ľۺܿͶҴĽ̴طεˣ۵һֱþǰ⽣͡ʱҪ֪⸱ӵ˽ȻܵһԵĴħͷҾͺΪʲôûɴһˡ
ӵֽ˽ΣյĻȣĻͱɱɤ
ǰ׳գ˸˵ʲôˣһƬ治֪ʲôĵطͳ壿ôûֵĶһڰˣôûأ
ϹҲе£ɲ֪ΪʲôһžرĴģҪ޲ҵʱˡ
ǰǧꡭ
ž
һƣִҡСֻȹϹ֣
ʲôʸңʲôҹһ˲𶥵ί֧еֻбߺȭͷ
վֱֱҺҹŷйûעɫԽԽ
ҪʲôʲôʸӦñҸˡѾûݼˣû˻ǨˡûСһ£ʲô㻹ʸĿ𣿡ʲôǣûͱǧˡ
⻰һͰˮͷ쳣䵽͸ġ
ʶĳס·һƬհףʲôѹ͸
ʲô⻬΢Ķҷȵۿŵ㣬
ܵĻͿ޳Щε̾ϢҶ
ޣʲôʲôÿ޵ģûҪٿȥ׽Ūˣôأ˶ңֻб˿޵÷ҿ޵ʱ򣬱˵֪Ҫƨɵġ˼Ѿȥˡ硢Ҳȥ˺ԶԶĵطʦأʦأˣǶˡ
˵ˡһֻƹҵĺ󾱰ӵһŵĻ
Ұͷȥ˵ôûĻôҿ˵һˡ





 11 

ڶ쵽˱ɽׯұȻС˵·εԭΪ˶ĿɽʶҵĻһ۾ϳңҲ׹Ҫ˶ĿϹź̫ˣֻǷҸźǺȲԷҵĹˡ
Ϲܼҳӭӵʱ򱾻Цø䳤˺ܶ޵ľջƵģһЦͽˣҲˡ
ôԵ̬ȣĻЦŤˣƲƲ죬Ѿϰˡ̧ͷǰҶǰǿ鱻Ҹˣû뵽˿ġ
ϹܼҸǰٺ˿ͷ˵·;Ϣһ÷ǶڷϢˣϹȥɽׯ˫Σȥˡ
Ҿϲ̤ʵɴ౧ͷڷͷ˯Ҳȥܲʲô˰ɡ
һ˯ڣҵıӲѵġ
šԷ𣿡Ժʣе־塣
ֺֺЦĿңһˣô˯ȥҲû˹㣬С˾Ͳȥ
üȥҲԲ϶ɣֻܿܳԶһҪڱź򡭡
ȻС߾Ͳί㣬οСǷԸһҪȥġ
ɵķԸ˵ֵ֣˶ǲҵġֶչˣ컹Ϊ˳ԵĸҶ˰µǮܲΪɡ
ҲΪ˿ǵһ죬˵ȥ˭ţ
̾˿ᵽһõĥʯԲĽһнǵʯͷĥԲ顣
⿴ƺǺֵӣͻȻͲҽȥˡʲô°ⲻ˫Σ;ۿ϶棬ҽȥӰǵʳһһĸô죿
ôˣǰ˼ͷûʡ
õԤСƷϮֻòԱߵʯ̽Ծȶ㿪һơ
õǿ졣
ұһ䣬ǵͷôͰ˫Ӱأ
ҽֱعͷһǶƵĻӦ
ǸвŮЦϣ԰ûûֵİ
û棬ҷ¶ͷǰһߵʯ̾ͻһأС԰˶ˡ˫ӰϹ򿰳һƵƷ֮֮ƫʯֱҲһԾôɴô𺳣۶ֱˡ
˫ӰһŭŪׯĶ͸ҹɽׯ
ϴ˲𰡡͹һԸءһֹһ߿ι
ѵмٵģ̲סһۡ
ɣΪ㲻֣ƽһкˡԭһ첻Ͳ
㡣
СҪҷɽ㻹ﲻ֪ʲôء
˫ӰƤޱ޵Уֻᱻֻװı㻹ң֮ӲԻϲԼĿֽڱ˵ʹ֮ϣʱ˫Σûޡ
νʲôӣϹ˭û³
ȻжʱǺҳζͶ±ɽׯٰǸһ˴꣬ϾһһжĥһϹǰ͸è󣬲ĶӵٶӼ˶ҪԲλࡣ˫ӰϹҡ
СûĵĶɨˣ֪ΪʲôûһԷСүģʲô£ڵĲ˲ӣžúиϹĸо
㲻֪ݼҰˣ¹ˣϢչФɪ
ʲô˫Ӱһ죬ݼҰˣ㡭¹ϹǺѪ𣿡
ǰˣôڲ֪ФɪǣЦЦĳ顣
СүⲻǲŴĮ˫ӰһץסңСôңСүΪֵһ߲嵶ϵɽ»𺣶ǣ
ôô壿ҿûֿɴվúܿϧԼ˰ɣ
һûбҴΣͺ˵𣡡
οԶĮԶܹȥضкȤĶֻһҵֿῴ˰ɡʵҵʱû뵽Ĵ׵ȥˡ
ôò鵹Ǻܺ
Ƥһ̧Фɪȥֲ˵ĻٲͷѰԴ
ƵϣվͯǸһ԰ײˣƫһŮüֲʧӢʹһ˵ĵĲ̬ʣ࿴ҲĲһϸֻᱻ۾﷢ë
ٿԱߵ˫ΣȴһְԵˣ˼ٷñɽׯׯСȻǳеİԵΪԼ
ɨأͣ˾۵ϡ





 12 

һЦַ飬ɫĲ԰׶ԵĴΪޣתǣȴ̫Щ
˫Ӱ㻹ҪвŮ䲻Ҿðô䡣
һ仰ǵŭĿӣ˫ӰҪһơ
ޣŲвŮ
Ц˫Ӱ⼸˵ƤӵҲ˵Ȼ׷˹ʹ黵辰ʯһƬ̳
ҽ¥˼ĸ㲻ǻ𣿡Ͻ͡
ϰһһ󣬸Ǽӽ˳Ƶٶȡҿ׼ĸǽһôҪƾڵṦȥеѣֻжһˡ
ǽԨһĵķʽȥСʬ޴棬ݷҪɥֻܱſչףḷ́
˫ӰҶͣЩӲĶסͷƺһ㡣
ϢؾһԣĵЦĲɵĴָס
ҧҧ׻Ӳۣ˫Σ;ҾͰˡ
ĹˣˣҲд蹻ˣÿķۣҶӶʱȽϲƢͲôáǳԷԵһʱ˴ţҲ뱻ϲ˵ζЩɽ䰡ζҲˣ컻ζҲ
ŵϹԷǴɣҾȻҲˣɲڿЦ׼ᵶףɱʹ󣬰Ƥ¹ԡϹֲ
Һ˫Ӱͬʱ˵ʵʵҲԸôˣݼҳǻҾԼȥˣֺαҪԶҩĻһˮ㹻˸ﻹҪÿ첦һĳԡ
ǡǸСڣѪ̫ðɡ˫Ӱڴ
ɾ͵ڰ˸Ƴǲġ
Ϲ̧ͷϵĽ˿УŶǲѪ˺ˡ
Ч˹ȻҪԼ
á
ƮһЦ
˵֣
ֳôһָָ˫ӰҪĿξѡҵոԡ
׻˵Ѳƶο˫Ӱֲʲô֮
˰ɡۣĶ뺦ң
ңôѵ³ûѾܸˡ
㵹óƳһͽʯͷ˫ӰӲⶼ˻ôԣ
㣬ҵ⡣
治ں
ӶĿһ˫Ӱǰڲһû˭ң
Ŷ¡׼ˣǻأ
ˣˮӵǮţġ
ЦЦת˫Σ˵Էɡ





 13 

ǰɽ亣ζɫζȫϧֻܿܳԡ
վһᣬģûһŮҹֵĺ߻֣෴ڷϵıֻ൱ĺţϵĴСҲ֪˵鶯Ĵ۲ŤҲʧ˿ɰ˵ϲģǼ˵ı֪ˡ
᲻֪ϹƢϰߣԷһҽй˵¶ңǰʲôأѵôаһ£˫ӰĳӦǸɡ
ҲԵɣ㶼һûʲôˡ
Ͳͣ᣿ոպҪ»𺣣
ҲҡЦЦҾЦӣūūš
٣Σ⻰ȻǴС˵ģ˵ȥ˭Ű
˫Σϵĵͷ
ϡˣݼҰ˶ûϡ
ҵ첻ֹĳһ£ûҵĺڣնݲ³תͷһɿһϺʶʱ֮ϮʲôʱǸͷ
㿴ҲǱ£֣ܰƢԵôôõƤ˵ʹɱڼﵱװοҲǺõġ
ҵţгһ㡭ޣҷˣҪÿ
ҵ϶ǻȢ𣿡˫Σ̧ƤƳһۡ
ǸţͷӣƢǹúܣģͲףҨҩ
ҶүǳţƢǰ»ܵϹҪء˵
ߣСķҲȵ
ǰǰɽҩ롣˫Ӱûң⻹ͼӴס
ҩʵǲǸ𣿶ҽ˲ǳΪְ˹֮һҩ𣿡
СҲŸɱˣ˰ռ˼ұҪһѡ˫Ӱּ˿ȷִĶ⣬֮ԱΪҩһΪƢŹ֣ɽ˻ҪǸ˳۲˳ۣҪǲ˳۸ɴٲһϡΪҪôɽһɽҪһĿʾˡ
ҩ֮ʢ֮ãûаҲи߰ʮ˰ɣݡ
ʦȳСӼ˺ıˣСҩȷҲй֮ҪΪѾǸͷɾ˴ˣжʮѾܺˡɽΪһݣȥ˸Ҳ֪ʲôһɽУֻҪȵ˵Գɽ԰ʡ
񾭲ֲûţ
ڱﲻס˫ӰЦرǷᣬţΪҲ֪ҾƢŹֵôͿģɽȥǲ֪һһŸǸҩˣ
˵ŵС㣿˫Σüʵ
ţ»ֹһүΪ˾Ӳɽ¹ҹ˵ҪһһүͰԸŮͳȥˣúһСӲǳ˺ҩõҩˡ˵Ҳү˵ȥģû˵Ҳû˵УܵΪֵӻɡ
ô֪ǰ΢Ҳܺ档
ΪǰͽܣԸмС檡м¥áĸ衭
ҿ˫ΣһԽ˵ԽЦ
磬˵ԭ
˫Ӱɫһ䣬Ǳҭˡ
𣿡
ôᣬۿӺлġ
˳ŻشЦȴͻȻвԣ˵ﲻԡ
ɱҲֻҾˡ
֪ﲻˣǸһֱûгҰˣ
Ī硢롢кöҪء





 14 

ʵȫԲģǸԶѾһϢڴǰֹϹ֣ҾȤˡϹôˣֻңһͿʼûͻȥˡεİɽźˣ˷²ŰѰѡ
ҹ˲ٵקŸѵϹôˡ˭֪治ãôһ˹ȥ뻹˵ֲ֪أһϹ˵ܾȹͺܺˣٱôһڱûҲᱻŪֻùԹԵٵ壬һһ¡
֮ɽϴĸ²֪һϢʱ߶ʲôԭǸ׳պųƽȴȻ֪ϹҵүϹ¡Űŵȴʲô¶ڲۿͽܴĵʱҪˣڲʲôɾҪͽЦˣԾҹƽոʮ߰˸ҽϹңô֪ʹɵԺϹҲڣûüԼùҵͱϹһƸˣ¹򲻴ӵù죬ȻܸŰһʣܵ뱤Ȼͱ˲ŴѲ
ʱ벹һȥܵظһΪϹǸڳԷҭˮǺ߻ħȵȶأ˰ʲô¶ûУɽ˷ĸ£ҲΪĵطɱˣȻ²ɽǸʲôûеɽϴĸû͸øлϻˣַЩĳ뻯Ĳݲҩҩɽİ԰øлҾΡǴȤ£ͺñ˫Ӱıͽ¡
ĪҲҲ׷ǣɽϵĸô£㲻ȥ뱤
Ϊ·˰Ծ͸ıгˣô̽û㱨˵ҲǣҾ˰ûڲ֪ġ
ûСϹۣЦԽƯԽ¡
˿µ̽ӾȻ⣡¿Ȥˡ
ѡɡ
ʲô
Ҫô췣
㲻ǰɣôõ¡ɫ΢䣬Ҳҧͷáðɣ˵ôôˡ
΢Ŵԣȥϵķˡ
ҲĿͷ̬ȷǳͣӲһ亹
㲻һûԶ𣿻ϿԱ㣬ôܷ
֪ϹûôģȸһȻһٱӣİã㰤ίҲ顣
鲻õʱԷʳ֪ζͬղſǳʱĴ֮еȻ޴棬һ˫˱۾㿴ôܻԵȥ
ˣҳԱˣҪʹ㡣
ϣһϮ˿ԵӺݻЦŵʱǴĵĻꡣһ˫۸۲תйԣˮ̬һСľҪȥǡ
ôЩ벻СĿڣƳһֻһСĲˡ
ˣıˡҵͷʾʵʵֻǾٳȥѱҵǻ᲻˴룬ǴҲ˵ġ
߹ǰվ޳ִ½һ˿
ûɣϹҲ죬ᣬڲһǳĴ
ѾϰʱʱĲΪȻﻹǻëëġ
ȻԱǾͿʼɡ
ߣһϺõĽ˿ͱϡ





 15 

ºڷߣɱҹ
ǲô𣬺һٱȴģ
ҪϹķһϵɽ»𺣻ѵ£ҹִ󣬿νʱ˺ͶռˣǲռҲ򲻹ȻͲ׸ңţˣ
ͣͣͣұֻĵķݡ
ԱܷôͳŲסˣ
£ʱӯƮݣ·
㶯˭ܡԣˣҪֱ˵òŹĨǡ
˻Ƿ绮·
գ۾վǰΣա
ôһץҵ֣֮šҪô죿
ҿ˵̫һˣһҲͻȻ׹᲻һô׸ûԹԵˣ˾ûйǲֵĶˣ̬ôǸոһ˲ˣôأǸĴ֪
ǡҴˣ㣬ʹ
Ҳ֪ʹ㲻ûûεģϵľץŲţ㲻ЩжĶô
˵Һһ£ֲȫңںƵʵû˲ѡⲽ
ÿҩʱˣĻʮû˵û²ỬĦҵ֣оеġûÿϧ
Ȼϧôֻڹʱû͵ϹһӶû˭ܡ
ȴЦ˲ò裬Ҵô
ҵҪԶ㣬κϵ˰˽֡
ǲ
Ǳ˰ָЩȴҡ
ҪҿԼݼҵڹķҶˡ
ݼǵ㶫ιãҿԸģһƾסģô
ֻпʼһϵģһƾסеϾһס󻤷ָ
ֻҪ㿪ھбʮزҪҪ
ôܻôһɵĿʮҲֻʮšȲ˵ûʮص㲻Ǿˣ
ôǹңЦһֱúܺõӡ
ֻȷһ£ֻҪĻ㲻ң֮ôˣǿԻң˵ݼҡ˵̫˿ɫԵȵֿʼ̧ͷ
Ҫݼ±Ӷ룬ǡЩε̾ˣҸЩԷģҲҲ´ࡣ
ҸҪ˵أΪûЦһã˭ܲϡ
ҵȻϿʮصҲͬһˡ





 16 

ҿǰͬŹˣҿöֱð亹ֲ÷
ҲҪ
ɡǹСġ
εһϺõƽɫý߹ճشĵϿ֯ϸƻɫŨׯأȸֵšһ·˵ҲҪϰܴģڵ·ֻǹˣһ˼ҵС㶼δܴ·ڵλξ͸ûˡ
ûȥûȥ
С㣬ΪСİҪôûȥֻ¹
·Ūˣұûʲô͸нˣ֪Ҫ·ôͲͨһģ˵ҲΪѰ
ãվգҵ¡ȹȥˣ˻ܵЩء
εĳ죬Цǿ
ȣȰС㻹Ǵŵĺá
ü˿صصİײ£Ǿá
·ҷȥɣһҪȥСǱߡ
ⲻУСôܽСĹ뷿
⺢ôҾôأ˵ҲǣϹߵһЩ˶Ҳǹ쳣ūŵ̬ȫȻͬһƮƮȻԽУЦ·һӣȻǱȥ
ɽׯܴ˵ҺɵһǰԺͺԺ֣֮˼С㣬סĵȻִֿʵķԺߵһСԺȥҪƺðܵϹܼôһԺǰڵùǺɫĳ̶Ⱦ֪˸ҹⲻȥ
Ӵⲻ𣿡
ҽһģŰԼҽš
簡ƤЦⲻЦת
硣ͷ߿ȥ̫Ҳû𰡡
ôҾͲˣǸ鴤޲ϱѽǰ˸ж˿ˡ
Ǻǣ˵Цˡ£ʧˡ
ɻûתأ˾޾סҵ֡
ʲôл˵ϵһޣһֻֽӹͯϵĲ񱭡
û˵Ҫô˵϶ȸҳһޡ
͸Ըô¹
Ҫ˵Ը˵𣿡
ڲ΢΢һЦš
ǲͳˣɾǧԸʲô˵ΪСʱ˳ۣССƢ˾ͼǵڣӺҪҸͶһβԲҰճģµݼҾֻʣѾµĸ磬оˣⲽأٲԸкã
ԭСô׾ˣһΪһƢû˿ֵĹأб¡
ţ׾ҪǵܿôıƸˣ
ǰҪܿܵһԵĴħͷһǲǣ
⻰ֻϹֹô֪ģ
ƣ˭ҶǼֱǲҪ˰ⱳĵĹάԽ˵Խˡ
Ȼһ㶣ŵ´ңƺǴԱ߼ɽͻȻĳĺһ
˵֮Ҳ˵ֻһ죿ϸһɲǼй
˻䡣ǣЦۡ
ۿʼЦνǱ߻ֳ㣬һֿݵġӣͰͲˣմһֵĶ͵òʧˡϹﵽĶ𣬾۵ĶǹǲƯƯƤ֮ģ޲Ϊ塣
ãʲôʱ治Ը¹ʵ̲ȥˣҰɡ
ôģ
ЦµĻݲݶлһƬˡ
㲻˵˻𣿺ο˵ڼҲͦʹ֦ķ˿ɵ׻˰
˵ޣһ죬ͯͽӹϵıӡ
㲻£˵ôһˣ
ԭҪȥǱߵľ͸ϽŵĨˣ˭





 17 

緹ûԵĻһɡ
һɵ飬ŵðżˣ緹ˡ
ûǸԹˡ
ұǽٵ£۾һϹ
ѾıûҲǱ¡
Ϲɼһ춹⣬Ҳ̧һ¡
ҡⲻ˾۸ˡƲ죬Ϲôھ;ѻ
ҧ˿ڸ⣬عͷ;𣿡
ֱǼϡҲңûһ͵⽣Ӱ͸ðˡ
ı˶ˡимûģ
ָɵ˿֣ܽһͳôĶ岻尡
ûҪ׷ɱ㡭
ڱǲǣҳӵͷñ˵ҿͺһʯͷĳԽ˵߻˴ĵط
úóԷġϹÿӵβһɵͷ˻ͷʰһ£ǾͶ
סһҪߣӣ˵ʲôʲôˡ
ԽԽԾˣȻܹô΢

εĻʹˣϹҳȥ˾͹ˣټ̵һͱɽׯһ˵ǺƺƵҲΪ
ȻСĳûˣҲˣǸ׸˫ӰƫҪҸһͲʲôˣҾͱڳ˯Ⱦˡ
ȥģ
ȥ뱤
ȥ𣿻ôһ𣡡
ִ￪಻
ÿһεִᶼٰ죬ʱλӢۺúһչ֣ƾԼ湦֮λ
ͷ
˼ҷǲ٣ôһ湦û͵ܰλ𣿡
ѵ־ûˣλϴ˼ˣҲһҪҵæŴ´֮λֵõ
˫ӰһʹЦ㻹˼˵ҪһǵģݼҸ䵽ֵز
ĺĺ˫ӰǷѵޣǼݼң˭֪ʲôаƵ׼ݼ¾ҲҲܺˣҾ
ȵȣ˵ݼҲܺģ
ݼһܣ
һΪʲôùֶΡʤ˫ӰЦɻࡣ
Уֶοɶء룬ǼùľûУҲΪûùЩĵֶ㣬Ȼֱ׳ˣݼҵ̴ӺⶼҲˣƫƫҵ֮ϣ˵ɺ޲ɺޣ
𣿡˫Ӱ°ͣô˵СӵĹɲⰡ
ôû֣
˼ҲҽֵĻᰡĻǵţ˵˭ֱ˻
˵ĵǣȲ˵ФɪǸѶԸĽǶƾֻøƽ֡
šλѱŶ
úúãɲͷλѱϹۺ˫Σһ໥ɱã
໥ɱϹôǲ֪ϵܾͰׯһҪأھҲǸĥĸҲһλΰɡ





 18 

뱤ɽԶ·͵ˣȻ˫ӰĥǼҲʵĵúܣ۳ǰһƬԽԽҾ֪Ӹþˡ
ǸͷӵûʲôĶӾ鷳ˡ˵ϹºСʱǸͷҪʲôʲôԵòˣʹĿΪݼҵʽŽСһﳤǷۿɰܵϲɺþС˾ͱˣȥһѧɹûҹң뱤̬Ҳǲ䲻ġߣŤС
һ˲Ӭı飿˫Ӱתͷһ䡣
б۾ˡ
ǲֻϻӢһӱ߳Ա˵
ʲôϻ
ϼҵһֻĸϻ
˫ӰһͷˮǲҪ졣
ϱãô֪
Ϻˣ
Ȼ˫Ӱ͸ͣĵͷ
ôû뵽ݵҲ̫ˣ
磬СĻӿڳ˫ΣһͰˮ
˫ӰһץҾſڳȥ
ſţϽŸСүҿţ˫Ӱϣĵɽ졣
ûһᣬŲ᧿ΣʱһС˳ˡ
ʲô˸뱤ҰСʮ㡣
˫Ӱôһȥ˴룬ɵžһʱ˿ڡ
ū÷߳ߣ뱤Ϲܡ
ϹܣСүֻûڽϳ֣ŵС˶ͷˣ
˫үˣСū£۲ʶ̩ɽðϹūѹͷ˵ߵͷЦһ̧ͷǼңһĻҲ˶ˡ
ιҳôôһĶС
һԵūͷϹͻȻû;ú棬Ƥһƴ˴漴Ц˳
ϹܣôһƼƯ¶
ϹɫĵͷһūʲôʶĶ㻹Ǹҹسջȥ
ιιҪѵҲǽȥɡ
ϹƳһۣ⣬˫үǵūȥͨһɡ
ͨǵȵˣֻļλɵȲˡ
ԱŲŲƼļλһ˲ϲ亹롢룬λ
һ˾ͺƺƵĽϸұ˫ӰǰҪǴ˿ǰҪԶʲôһ᲻֪ΪĿϷ





 19 

ִ˵뱤죬뱤μִĸ·úŽϼסĶߡ붫֮ԶˣҪ߸СղŵˣΪϵ飬ʱ͸ɴӶŰᵽţϹܰڴһȥͰδء
С㣡С㣡
ôô찡ߵſϸԽԽϺŮ
ˣ֮ǰƺһ̤ɵһûӦ֮ǰһ͵ؽ󳶡
㰡ĸϻҲա
ģ́ͷҲŷָղվĵطĸϻ;ײ˿˵Ҫ˰ҳҾҪĸϻˡ
ϺɨһȦˣɫơ
ɽׯ̣¹ǲµĵܵҲˣôҲСĵ
ŮᲱб۵ģҾ
ǶҪɱǰҿҲû֡
ǲܣ˭˵Ҫɱˣһֱûľϸϸü
㣡Ϻ۾һɣףűǿԣ书֮ϣݸֶıߵģû˻
ϼҴСôк˵𣿡˫ΣҲü
ⲻֻͦϹЦеģһСƢ
Һȣ䡣
һ˲ĳĬһ̶Ц
Ҳ仹㲻䣿Ϻƽңһָҵļ硣
㲻䡣ҿ۾˵
ҪõģһѴ֣һŭûôʽڣܵջص֣ʹƳš
Ϻһŭһʱûзֲԣ书᲻÷ϣ
ۺ˫ΣüͷšĸһͿ⣬ɻĿֿһĲɵϹ
ÿĴ
Ϲ̧Ƶĺ˿ڲ裬ȵۿҪóſڡ
ʲôûֻѰѰòףÿѶҩǳһĳԣһܵ²Ѿˣôõ¡ϹЦһֳ򦣬۶ۣ᲻ˣ
ǣû̾Ѵˡ
ɲǷɲ⡣
ԾҪִڴ˵֮ˣ
ֺαؽץ˲Ϸأ
˫˸ĻϢ
ֻǸϸ΢仯ʹڵȻ
ǰϹЦݵʱŻ͸ѹȸУֻ糣һЦţȴиʤɱɢ˿
Щ̫ҲЩ̫£ǰǺֻ֪ܿ߱ȴǻ޷ƵȥӽȥҲ֪ǶԶԶһ֪ҪԽԶԽãǡϹǹµĶģһƳҪĻ꣬һ۾ʮɺ쳾ĸԸݳһĻĻĺϷԶҲֻЦȻһЦҪӴ׷ݡ
㡭Ϻۻأŵſھ˽ͣ˿ڡ
֪ϺһֱҵԭΪԼĵܵ߸ģһųҪҵϹºݼңһһμϹӴٲҲûʲôԭҲãϹϵ˼ȷ٣ϺԵľԽԽ
бҪֲҰ²ţ˵ʲôɶģҲɼ





 20 

Ψһ¾Һ룬׸ݣ̫ƽˡǵصҵĶľš
㡭˳˳ҵ·
ҲͷС԰ף϶߳亹ˡ
ҸҿɲҪǳͷûվһ߲˫ӰǸΨ²ҵĶĲҶһ򲻹һءοˣǴˣܾãһӮһҲǺõģһһ
ž̲סЦת˲Ŀⶼ䵽
ݡû˸ղŽɱ˫ӰһɾͽˣȻ¶Цĳ
̫ҲУƲƲ죬ϣȫ𣬶һǻԼϡ
С㣬˰ɣûˣȥԷɡһͷɾͿڡ
ŶŶⶼʱôûкģ˫ӰһͣĿһϺ
ɿСְһȦһ͵Ϲܡ
ҿӶɳˣιιιֲǲɻҲڳô
λԶˡδܡҴҸϹЦ˵־ͱҵɻȥˡ
ϼһ˼Ҿ͵ͷĺϰߣ˵ϰҪһʱ̾͸ҲͦѣǱȼ˻
иëϲʱʱһɵɫСҿǲòÿζҡ˿̵ɫ˵ϺҲ˵ϻֿһʵĥʲôŷˡ
ȵ緹ҶԼĿͷҲŴ˿ѧˣϵҲҪٳˣǶ㱻˯Ǻֵģ˶ＷڸȥҲȥˣþСмҵ˲٣ԹҿڽϽеֶͷĴһҶﲻ
ܹһ壬˼˵ϻ壬Ƣֵ󣬸ɴˤ̲ˡ
ۣǰһĨڣѾǺҹˡⲻѵûʲôһѾ;öˡ
ˣԷ
ͻȻһͷŵ
֪ˣ
Ϲҹذɣ
ұŵĲᣬ˳
һЦ򣬡
⽥ҿĲһסﹾ๾Ľо˼߹ȥϸһ˺Ȼð
ΪʲôȥԷ
ﲻһĸʶҵҲֻ֪ʲô¡ǵķ䰲ţ˵Ƕʱ䲻סʲôˣҲţǻ˴뱤Ƶ
Ҳ֪Լ£ụ̂黹ҷ׼Է
Ŷ
Ҫ治Ըȥָͷ֮׼š
Ȱ˿ڷҹͷģ
ŪһЦ˯š
һڷûʱġ˵Ҹôڴǲصͷˣûʲôֵֹҩ
Ұһۣһ鼦⡣벻뱤Ļʳôã˱¹ĳյûãɽ亣ζҳԹֻ಻٣ܰѼ򵥵Ĳɫôζġ
뱤ʲôʱôõĳˣ
óԣ
ϹҲиëϲ˳ԶȻ˲졣
ݼҵСĻãǲס
ſֻ¶һ˫۾¾ġ
ܵСĿ佱Ҳǳӵˡ
һ㣬ǰѿڶˡ
ұˣȥ˯ˡ
ճԱ˯ָסҵ·
ҪǲڷɢϼȦȥ˯ģܲ
ۺ˵ʲô
Ҫ¹ȥˣ˵Ըҡ
ôشģ
۵Ϊֲǲ֪гرôģҲţ˵ô಻ΪҲûôûƼж඾𣿼ֱҪҳƵġ
Ǿܾˣ
ҵͷŲҪҼûܾҲûͬ⣬ôҪԼ·ܾǳںĿģֻҪϹܻа취ġ
Զ֪ж˽㣬ǧҪƭҡ
°͸ֱϲͷߵĲ׺һ뿪Цգͷһ
ִˣҪ׼
ʲʲô׼ԼҧͷɴҲϾΪһЦҾȻ顣
Щˣкܶ˿ܣǿ϶ἤϳô죿
ǵ졣ѧ˸ԣʵʵ˵
硭Ǻãȥɡ
Ǵ磬û°ɣô죿
û˵㡣ӣ˸ѹ˿У쿪ʼÿһ㣬ִҲˡ
㲻ǡҪ𣿡
ֻЦȻһҵϵأԹ⻬Ĵķ·һ㣬ϸ
Ժеǻᡣ׻˵ץҪɱҿĵȡ





 21 

ѪҪȥ̫ͷҾڻһë壬˿ֵģҪ˵жȾжȡƿӰֵʹһۿȥĴ˵൫Ҳ١
㣬㿴ɽֻǲǷҵģ
ҿȥһۣԭ̫ԲλˣŴװǺɣ㻹ƽ˫ͤ̽Ϲһġ⡱֣͸߲ǸƯ
һǷҶүġ
ģô֪
Ϸ۵ľӣĪϲ黭˵һ֮ϳ¥ԺȥͼżҲˣʱ䳤лԷϷ˾صΪĪһޱȵĻ֮˶ϴ˲⾳£˻۱ء
ڿ
㿴һûʱͱʾӷʱͱ˿̲ܴţȻҪġ
ɵС뿴
ɨһ۴ϵɫҲû˴ùү
ûϵڲͶˣ
ʲô˼
ҪϷٵĴ
תȥˣʱץס
ܵõͦ죬ֻ̾ŷĪĴԽԽֱСֻʣһ֮ľ룬СıҲӾȶ˾ϲ
ݡС㣿
ʱܻ˴գ㡭λǣ
СĪŮ
ŮۣɡôС㡭
СڷĪź黭ҲС㡣
뿴Ǽү
û˵꣬Сҡͷ֡
вУүǲڳġ
ǡ
С㣬ΪˣҲóȻȥ˵㡣Īб߷ھ;óȻīһɢһǻȥ϶ɢīˡСüͼǡ
㡣ͻȻҾǽһֱҪʲôԽڵݣָɡ
Ҫһָоڵ״ǾͺñֻӬһơһ˵ʲôҪȥ˵Ϲ֪ҵùҪȥ˵Խݣҵù
ʲôһֻ˻յֽš
һѩˣĪ۹Ƕû˵
ɲҰ˴ͷֶ꣬ˣ̣Ƶȥ
ɹǰΣص£ƫؾдŵķԲûȺб㲻ǰһƵǿҵĴڸУ˲òע⵽
ˡ촽³Ƶ
겻˾ֺÿ˲٣첻ۣ̫ˡ
СС衣
ɵɫ̫ãðɣҳһҺԽС
үڿɲʲôСˡҽסôҪһӡ
嵭ü΢壬
ϻȻ
ǱˣݼҰҲòҲãֻҪԶС㡣
Ī簡Ī磬̫ˣҿԿǿĻ
ү̧ˣС뿴֪
ɡδһۣת˻ա
վǰһֱңȻЦһŸ˽ȥ
ҪĪһ˼ۿ⵱ȻҡүÿǰҪҪҪԹſûµʱǴģΪֻзĪִʱҲŻ̾д˵ˡˮīζŲŵѬ¯һϸµķѩľţŷĪüǡˮңȴμѩį͹¾ȻˣЩпҲֻ֮ʱƽĪͲˡ
ǽ̫ȣиڳǷĪ첻״̬֮ҿû̾ͰתһҹŵͼˡĪһֵʣбίֲʧк߰ڵСŮ̬ҲȻüĿ֮г㣬ôе㲻ζԽԽûһôôϤһ绨ûһʶõģˡ
үడ˴ǷĪ껭ˡôĻ˵ֻڻͬһ˰ɡ
Īűʵһ٣漴ȻһЦĬˡ
Ц۵زʣȻ
Сøô˶ΪǣҶǣҪūҪġ
˼벻ˣͷܷŵˡ
仰ޱ˵ģȻɣҾ֪Сûô
ɣĪ۾̵ϣҿŶЩ𡣡С˵ҪһҶҪ㻹ٱĴ۸
Сҿɵû㣬⼸ܵ仰ɺù˲١
ɰһվתߡ
㶲ѹϹֻ֪Ҫܸˡ

̤ȥҽͣͣͷ˳Ц
ҵøŻȥϼ
صûգΪüɵỵҵ飬ǾİõڴͷŴӷĪǶ˳һӽϵֻź





 22 

ùڷﱳڹķȱ˾ˡ
˷Ī磿ûôе֡
Ǹ⡣ֲҪȥҲҪȥġ

ûСתײ۾һ˲û
ǲŭҲǳﾹһƬŵĺãĳּŨҪƿƬڰ̫ܸһִһ˲ͻ޳һ
ͷֵֹģһƵسʪСϰƽǰɢЦʹֻ˾ëȻЦȴ˿İúãҲǳĲ
㡭ҡûáǸɸ˵ʲôĵԼ֪˵ʲô
㲻ǺԼ˽𣿡˵ıŤɬҸˡԭͼֻڻ㣿
ʲôûҡǰҴһ٣һʱûҽйС书֮Ҵ򲻹ˣҲֻСͼǴӵһƼҿʼˣҴûԸ
Щ˶һѡģʱɫˣһһλҲϡ棬һûһǴصġͻȻʶһ£ǲصģԭÿһҵӰӺϣϸһЩ˶ЩطǺƵġ
ҪԼΪ𣿡
ȫǸɺҿԽ͡ҿȴ˵һֺ֣αҪͣʲôɽ͵ģ
Ҳ˵ҡҷҿŲ̫ʶüȻסƬ̴̧ʱѻָƽʱģ
ˡ
һ㶣ʲôˣ
ȴҿڵĻᣬתߡ
ι㲻ˣû״𣿡߾߰ɣĪŪƵĲУʲô°ⶼ
ͷһ۾Ų԰׵ȴ쳣һûۡ
ڶһֽʱŵֱ
һϲô㲳ˣ
û˯á
ǡҪ˵İ˵óϹϴθ·
ʲôҲĿ֡
ѵ봩Ų¾ͳȥ
ʲô⣿Ҵӵ¹һǲġ
ɹ˵ҪǴ·ί
Цһί֪ίˣ
˵ҪȥˣüҪ̲סЦҲŻȥ
⡭
˵ҽͲȥˣҲûʲôãϰˡ
ϰ̫µĶֲϰߣ޳˹





 23 

ֵӰ˵СС˵ҲΪ˲ʶҵġ
ô·ģ۾Ϲ˲ɣ
۾ǲ̫ãϹȻôܿ˵ĺӡ
ļҵѾͷģȻã
Աһģ۾ȴתĿȺӡ
ƢԽԽˣҪǰ˸ô˵粻֪˼˶
ʲô㻹ûǹӵǸأһקסҡ
˭˶ĵزҪҵǸƾ˲֪ˣοֲҵĴ
Լײġ
ʲôͷССһѾͷȻ˵ǵĲǣĸӲС
֪
˵ǴʵǱǲȥźˣҵȷǲ֪
ǰΪˣ棬Ƿ̾ͱˡʵҲûǷ
ǺֲЩ򣬵һ֪ǸֻŪƯʽ廨ͷڣԸ´࣬ƫƫֻϹɣٻе
ʮҲδҵΪĹϵѲһأʱѾʼˡһζԸ֮ûôۣΪûʮоͱסˡ
ҵ۾һ˲ƮԭںӵϿһĨ⣬ģô¶Ҫذɣ
ţһצҵĲӡ
ĿһѵվҪɥڴˣ
ӣ֪ϵ˭һȴѹ͵Ʈ
һ̧ͷҺϷȥһ㶣Ӳ㶼֡
Ȱ̴øϽ֣Ȼȷһᵽֻ¶λкùӳԡ
ʲӲĿһۣųһ־ͱֽƬһɼǵѪڡ
ʺѪʱһ˺ѷεĲҽһߵӿҲˣһ͵˵ϡ
Ӧô
̫죬͵һͷ۵վǰķĪ磬ϿȥһϹº衣
ҿؿһ۵ִҴұ𿪣˸
ͻȻһĶҵԭǷĪӸҲȥϽѪ
ôִ᲻ȥ𣿡
û㣬ĪһϸϸĲţһ߻ش
ëбɵһۣһȥȥֲҪ
˵С㣬Խݡ
ͻȻеһĪĹ죬ѰȥͿϹºֱ񣬿ͷƤ飬Զ˷ĪϵӺҲһͨ
ôô죿
ãҰӻתԼŵĵùҽ鲻ãǵù
һʶһµǰš
һĸо
šǡ
ߺˣһɫӰԺӡ
ҾͲΪʲôÿڣ˾ͱضҪһ֣Ҳ֪ô϶Һһ˵ġ
ϹȻǴô򵥣֪λúܾˣǶϵݼ¹Ҫ𣿶ȻҲʲôֵˣ֪᲻кϷɿ





 24 

ұԿͺõλãʱӹԸˣ˫ӰúƫҪʩṦӹӰصλϣĿҲ˻ҪҲţǺǵ߶ӳϲתˡ
ǲ𣿡


Ѿϳˣ˫Ӱǹģ
˫ӰҪںδĪ΢üʵ
˫Ӱһ㶣ע⵽ĪĴڡ
ⲻǷҶүôˣǷҵλÿڶ氡漴һȻ򣬡Ŷ׷İɣ㿴ҶͿˣ㡭
ҺĲੲݵĳһţ徲Ƭ̡
ſǴ򰡣ʲôֲһ֡
СβҲ̨һԣǼʶʶݼҵĽεĲһ
ĸҪļһѰȥǼİǰͲмȥССɣð˭Ըҽаˣɤðʵûסȥĸӡ
Ϊҳȥ̫죬ĪûзǸҪļһͳȥǱ뺷һҲˣҳŷӦ
Ҫͱ֪ĶһƬĻָĸָϣٶ̫̫ݣһʱ侹ѪûüӿûеʹгһҵӰҴһϡ
ŵ˵ģЩϤ㡣
ǻµФɪ䲻ȵһ䡣
Ҫ¾ͲˡһЦɿӵ֡
һʱûվǰһ£һֻûĸо
λϣĿһۣ֪ڲûзӦ
ôͻȻˣԱߵӢֵʵ
ұˣ˭ʢŭбͻȻڰתһȦûġ
ոջ˱ĸ⣬ھûˡţФɪžת̨ˡ
ǸȫţǰѰѼܵװܵʹСҪЩܵסŶӢЦûûεġ
ҪҲһѣҡӣһϷƵı鿴ŲϹQ
ĶȥŪڶôܴһѵӵǧ񣿡
˭˵Ҫǧˣΰ㡣
ۿӢĽѳʣФɪһֽ˻ȥ
ÿζǿߴǿһöԹ
ӢһФɪһȥˡ
ôѶԸҲԻжĴ㡭һ̸ֱľ鿴˳ʵ
еǹ֮ΥӢһ¾һ䵽ԼŵڶתһֱФɪϵĴɱ
ФɪЦЦı飬һھƣűͻȥˡ
üӣƲͽȳķ罫Ĺ켣ٴαˡ
ĻڰһȦòͣҲ˷ĩΪһȣȵ˴ͷβһûԵϹֳ֧ͷȺȲ迴ߣһĨʢЦûûӢ¾ˡ
ˣСĸ֣ӢŻʵ
ʲô֣
ô㲻ȥһ
һС˵һʲôҲҪȣҪ
οѶָҲʱ˵ҳһϹȻûʲô֤ݣһǿҵĸоҸոճֵĿ϶
СǿһչĵߵʦܣǬͼ
֪ĵϹº裿ҷʡ
ǲ㣬Ϲº뱤ˣʽͽܶϵ̨ǧ
ҲҪʼЦҲϵ̨ⲻų̂ͱϹȡʸ





 25 

ǷĪ磬ϹͬһĿûɵĳһ¡
ϹתͷĪ磬۶һǹΧ羰ġ
Īк£һ䣬ֻһʱҾͳһ亹
Ϊƽǰϲһ߿ϷȴʲôǼŭҲܱ沨˲ֲһԣһ˵˹
ҪȥҡĪò˹
λù𣿡ԽƮ쵽ˡ
Ҫҵٷˡ
ϹûЦ⣬ҿһ÷ĪҪǣסңûϸҾһ¡
˼Ҳ̫ԸءȻϹЦ⡣
Ī㶵Ŀңһ˲Ȼ
Ը⣬ҲˡϹվαͦ޳һ޳УҶҪ̲ס̾ӺݹȲ˵¹ˣлԼˣ֮һݲɡ
Ϲα˾ҪƵֵز
Ϲʼ߹Ҹˡ
һĪȭ
áϵľܾϸ׾˳˶ǰ鷢̫ȣҲϲ
Եʾҵܳûи˶֪ΪϲһֽݼҴݻٵˣȻô˵ȾٶûзҲû
˵ΣҧгݵķĪ˿ѾǺ޲óˡ
ΣҪôҵʬȥˡ
ţȻ֪Ϲղʲôҿ϶һͿˡ
ֱ̫Ϲϲ¶Ըģ
ΪڲԸô˵ϹЦЦοԼԸġ
һʱֿ죬ĸȻô¡
ڷҵ治ԸȥģǸôԼĶӣȥҲʲôӹû˼ȥëûһմϱߵġ˵ܲ쿴ĪдɣңŲҪԼ˷ĹԼء
Ī翴жิˡ
治Ը⣿
ʵͷʲôطûݼĺá
˵һҲֻһ˲ѡ
ãҲǿ㣬һһĸԸҷŵġ
ֶ
˿ĮȴʵǸۣ϶һ¾Ͳ֪֡
һǵۿ뿪ıӰƵĲС
ôִҵЩĲˡϹҵĪ⣬Ҳ޹ȥ᲻Īôܲʲôί
ûɵģһɻ𣬡ëղŲ˵˵ʲôڣ˵ʲôĲôĵĻҸͷҲͷҪҲȵ죡
֪ôϹʵ֮٣Ҳͬ۹⿴˰ɡ
ԺأϹǲŭ
ʲôԺ󣿡
׼ֺˡ
ֻۣŨܾĽë
Ҳܡ
ãס˵Ļ
̧ʱü۴Цܽ˿óˡ
Ұҿһ˲ɫ˵ûгɾ͸ƭ˵ģҲİõš
ҲûҾͿʼһˮ㵲סӿ
ôû˯ã
òʡµʱҸеƮԼԼҶ˵
𳳣ٳͷұۻҪǸ
𶯣ˤϲɣ
иȻսҳʹһʱҲҪȥ
ܹ̫Ҳںδʲô״Ҿһͷ˯ˡ





 26 

˵Ͳһν֣ǷƱɫʾףԭܽǱЩʱա
ôӢŲûͷûԵһ䡣
Ⱥºܣ˰࣬ǲ˵Ҿ;ܣҲվҲǣ֮ʲô˫۾ţЩƮֶ˽
СǲΪõѵٻȱݻȻܽŵӶСĳֲһʹ뾽˵Ҹ̨Ҫǹ
˰ɣӢһϲߵţԼˣҿ˳ǹʶ֪㲻У̨¶ѡ
бȥһֿ
ΪҲ밡ɹФĳȥһˣûʲô¡
Уµ˱Ҵ̣̲סˣ
ûôСˣ˵˭˭һء
Ա߿üë۾ӿòֺתעо΢õ㡣һǵõʱֳõλӲǵרҵģʱյĿֻĽ㽣ʶ¶ģЦȴ洦ɼڵ
˿ڲһü˵⻹⣬ôͺԵĲôأ
θڣߵ˴ͷβֻȾƲˡ
㲻ζ̫𣿡
˿ھֻЦԾͱˣһȥԺö
ôãһɵĿһۣϲŭ޳˵ŭŭ˿ġ
ʲôɣ
ٱһ٣ЩЦĿһۡ
ûģȻô˵Ҳùǲǣ
ԾĹ˵ľˣֻĿɿڴĿ
ɣ˯ţɴٳһҹΣ
ҹһǳԵģ˵
ӡʱڸתһȦˡ
ʲô

˵
Ͻɣÿȥһ飬ûһǲŵģһƻҲ֪òۣǼҳٶ۵ٶ۵ûֿܵסġ
ԣ߲ǻһǲԣҪ˵ҵֿסԼ˵Լٶˣ
ϹһЦ͸ԴЩζ
㿴ļҵùĺӣ֧ҲùĨǵģֻǣΪʲôҪ˳⣿
ֱ׳úܣһûб𴩵Ρ
ð죬뱤һҾܵˣһϲãľƲ˺ɫԱ˾ºóԵĶˡ
ԭ뱤ķͨ˼˵ѾϺõˣʿִǲСϲںȾƴڳġϹһ˼ҿǺŽ׳ĴүнޣԸҲ۵Ĳ˵ġ





 27 

ɫϹĲţ治ԾҲĲߡҹɫị̄ͦܳģԭϾԴһ֮ʲô¶νӣϲһ֧ͷ໰󣬺һ¹ããҹɫ㣬ɽǰһһϷȴ쳾бһĨװס
ۣһǽɫ̫ãҲŻ뷨ġ
ôûɣ
ţعͷһֻ̫֡Σˡ
¹ϸ¹ǽڷϣĺ͸̫Ưһʱ޷Ҳ֡
ֹỬϸ壬΢˿һ㡣
ھͲΣˣ
ʦڡ
ҾҪվ
һЦ㲻ûȫ𣿡
ԲѣȻô˵ʲô˵ײؿڣҪץסݼţȻôһ˵ʱ
һ·˶û˵ȴѵõľá
û߶ǰ˵ƹ⣬Ǹõ˰ɣ˵жûмˣ
ûʲôģ

ϴθ·û㴩ǲǲϲ
ϹôͻȻôˣ
·ڲʺҡ
ڵʺϻʺˣ
ҲЩ˿õʲôˡҵ㾿ô
ôõ߹Ȼһ˿Ѻۣ˵Ҹô
ʲô˵˵Ļһ䵽زԽ˵Խ
һ˲ı䣬ֻܿʧˡ
һδֻţ
ѵôã˵ҳԺóԵ˵ҪҾȻɷ˷羰Ȼ˵ʵ
ǸҪӡ
һǿҵѹȸУҼ͸
ãġ
ǣǰߣ̧ͷһı鶼ңΪղŶ̶̵һ˲̫̫̹ġ
Ρֳ轿ݣֻΪϹ̬̫ҾԼʲôСÿζ治˼Ҿǿ㣬Ӱ㵱ˣأԭα¶˴˳ĽѵˣϹ˿£
ʱϲ˲࣬Ϲһ̤ȥСͷӭǰõż䡣
ЩȲ˶Ҽһʯ㣬ζѵãɾǱȲ뱤ǸС
ǲθڣ
á
ʵھζͱˡ˵վһ¡
¥С˵˼仰СͰӺ档
Ź˰յ費СһͨҺɵĳһڶʱˡЩҳԵĶԭǳϹ֣֮³֮ãҪôһֱΰɡ
һ̲˶һϲζ
ƵĿһɣֻҪҲݼҵ²ֲ̫ȵĵߣͺܺ˵ԶҺõ˼ĵز
¹γһû˳ĳգ
ûСʵĻش𣬰ϣ뱤ԹηҾ¹γ
ļٵİ˲̫⣬Ҳôһ˵ء
ȡ˱Ѿƣ۾¥£￿㿴ǲǳģ
³һۣʶ
Ҳ˵ʲôžƣһһ
˵Ҫô죿
ʲô
ԭ͵죬ܳԵù
벻뿪˵İɡ
ɽׯҲãҲãҲãһǺöԸģҪǶԸ㡣
ΣвõԤУʼĻš
ҪߣܿסһΣٴǧأҷѾ̫ྫˣΪܵõһõĽƺÿһζʧ
ˣոпһεӲ͵شĻݣһֿ־С
˾ʲôʱý˵Ļ۾оͺΡ
뵽ϵǸİϹ
ҡҡû˵Ҫ뿪¹ȥĵط
ΪһֲĵӿǷ̫ҵʹһֱͷҲ˫Ŀһŵľ⡣





 28 

һٷ˺ܳʱ䣬˲ϲ͸޼ˡ¿˿˺û뿪˼
ʲô·ˣ
ѾѾֻڶˣȻԽԽѵơ
Խɵˡ
˾ռʲô£Һûڡ
ǵˣ
ǵʲô
ÿ˶ҪݼȥȾƵģȻ˿Խɡֺ˼Ҳ꣬˵ﱾѾһҪûˣȻͲ׵û
ҵôԼ˵˾ռʵҲûʲôӡ󰡣ǵ۸ڶеһˣܼǵѾܲ˺òá
Ϊһʮɣ
ǼҵĴ֮ôòѧгɣ൱ֵûˡ
ô˼ҷˣ˶ֻжµķݣƫÿǵöЩͷһһѶԸ
ôǰˡСοЩõĶˣûʣġ
Ϲҡҡͷ캬̣˵Ķһ£ʹԱ˵ǱҪĶҲһĲֵ
һᵽǰδеľȸУвûֵ˼ɾͺһ޵ؿݡ
ûУ
̧ͷѯʣʲô
Ǽ㣬Ǿʹ˶ϣ
ȻǾʹ˶Ͽ
һҾȺˣΪǰЦꡣ
һ˰͹ȥΪ
˵ĺףϳһͱ⣬ҧ˵ıֱ֪ݺݵذһ
ô̵棬Ŀĺصֻ档
粻֪ҵȥˣʲô˵һ㶣ɣҺ궫
ꣿüЦ൱ǷᡣȥЩ̣ӶҵģҪʲô
˿ȥ㡭ݼҿṵ̂
һüȻ˲ˬ˭涨ҲݼûĶ
ģ˵ָֻܲ㡣ҵôû͵ʦһָأ˭˳ҵҲˣ
ΪԺ͵ҽƵİɣҪ浽׼ԹҪôջеʯҪô⳥ҵʧŵִӣƵһӣЩＴʹҶܰ׬٣̫ˣǿ˶ټ۶֪
¶µ֣Ѿݶ˼ܡ
԰Ϲôӵһˣöķˣһɣ϶ʲô֪û˷ȻԤ׵ʱݺݳһӣ˺ѷΣƫƫʹֶûɺóڡ
УСǵóȥһйɣȻҪˣޱȷߺ޵ǰˣѹѹĺڰһӣ˼治ɫüͷһµĿ





 29 

߳ϲ浹һƬĵƻͨɼûҹжôá
һȥû߼̾£ԽǼ˾͸
С㡣
һͷһ˺ºڷҪǲ˵û¶һڰһ治ע⵽˭ͺڻҪվڰ
ͨʱҪһ䡰ʲôܽȥԻˣҾֻǿʵǺһôܺڳ
˲ȻĿһԱ̫ܲεĲǵĿģСȥˡ
˭һ䣬˼ǻ̫ˣ¶û֪ɵġ
ֻ˼ҺǾǺܵһ䣬һûҲζӲɽҲɶأ
Խɳֱ䡣
룬βȶأػصشһᣬֱҶ﷢ëҲ֣µҡҡͷ
ʶ
һ㶣ûʲôӦԾһһ֪ССȷѡ
С۸ڶԣһǲ١
Σ񣡡
ɣ˼ҾͽСˣȻһ֣ǿԴպš
Ҳ̫·㻹ΪԼǳΪָ·ɣʲôҪסأ
С㣬롣һơ
˵Ҫȥʲô𣿡
һ㶣ɫ漴С˵ء
ô֣ûķ˷ۣ֪һͲ鲻λ
Ϲ֪ʲôʱת¶̨ϣȾơϷ¼ӳĲ⡣
һٽܲ־Ͳ֣ȰǲУݹˣ
Ҳûð⣬һסҪ˵ĳṳ̂ڶ
ߵС˿ɲð⻹Ǻ⣬һʼԸڳĵڣҺѾʮˡ
ʱҵµĻ±ನɨĶ׷׹˵ţҾ¥ҲвʿԱ˲ȾƵģֵĶ̽ͷڴڡ
Ը֮ǰֻѾ۵Ĵ˵иСˣֻٲҾҪ֧ˡ
˾ռʦܳԭúÿϷ˺Ȼ˿ڡ
Ҫץҵһ̧ͣͷ䱸ĿϹ
Ҫִ£
˺˿ھƣҡҡͷ˵ǰץȥΣ
ʵȫԱ֮²жѵģҲԵ¹ĹϹǸ˵ֱ̫ˣȻʵʵ˵
Ȼǹ黹֮
ҪǶô죿
ƺûпǹԣ㶡
ôܣ
ôܣ
Ϲ仰óû˷־֡
֪ϣ
Ϊϡ˵ʹóһɫӨͨѩ׵һȻš
߼˵ɫһ䣬Ȼһ۾ͿߵСҲ֣ͣҿǽֱ
Ϲ۹޵ƳңЦ
Ƿ¹һ顣֮ٻ
ָŵֶһ㲻ԥ
˳˳Ϳӹˣٶȿûôˣ
㻹Ҫã߸ϵƮ˹Ҳһ˳





 30 

Ҳ֪Ϲľôôãʹо⵫㲣˼ķ顣Ҹһȣͺѻͷˣɫ˿˾Ͷ㡣ϹǼûҲûʵҰͰ͵һϣһȥ˯ҪҼФɪһս
˯֧򦿴һͻȻڡ
ϻƤǻش
һЦǰǾϲھ¥ҹҹϸ𣿻ؼҵ·Ҫǿ˰̨Ҳúܾʱ𻹻ȥһܲ𣿡
ᣬзСˣ˸ҵСˡ
ʵ۵òо͸ɴſϺܹȥˡ
ٺһƷ̫ܹ˳пʱǰһƬȣǼմŵ㣬գһۣ˲ѡ
ҵĸоûдỬĴӦϺõĽвеġɫΪףߵӣͼɫʸţѤϸ壬޻һֽ̻ԻͰӺݻ󡣶·ֻôһˡ
ҪӮأߴ˵ΪЩģ˭
ᡣϷᣬ»ᾪŵʲôһ
˵Ѳ˦ϻṥ಻һԸ
ȷ׽ϵȱЩ顣
ô˵
һЦϸĿ

û˽̸ΧһЩģϸ档
ʲôѵФɪѾˣӮսĻ᣿
˯ˣиϷ˷
̧ͷ͸ļÿɿ񣬱һˡ
״׸˭˭ϹҪںδ㲻֪Ů˵ļжֲ𣿲Ҳ֪ԲŻôġ
ϹΪܺ𣿡ɫʵ
ҵһöûж
ʲôŵúܵͣƺѹĳ
ҶȤ𣿡ҲԾĹһĨЦǱ߿ҵӢɫľͱˡ
˵ʲô
˵ϹŲֵҷȥᣬ˲ͷ߹Цȴһɽǰף΢΢۽ѹ֣һ˲ܣ
ţòشѯʵĿ
ֱ۾𣬲ҸղŻûڡ
۾ͬŨīıӣ͸ŷ·ܰȥ⡣
˵תۺò˿ô뵱
˵ҪǸλ𣿡ԻҰɿ
ǲȻߺФɪʲô˼
ôӵȤȻġ
Һֵ̫ӣҶ˶ͱס
ҪʲôҲܺãš
ط˯
ȥôݵһˣôƫô
ȥֳʤǾˡ
ߣȥģ
ѾˣҲʰ÷ųˣһǾ̻
ô¹˰ɣ
ǹһֻ
˺ϲⷴ׻ǲԾľ˼·ߣЩԸ˵ĺ׵ľܱЩ޹ؽҪϡ
𣿷ȥ˵Ͳ˵һмء
Ϊʲô
ʲôΪʲô㲻Χ۹
ܲ
Ҿͦ
ȣ㲻ǲϲ
˵ҸҪƣִ򲻹
ԣ֡
һ÷ң庢һҵı־ޡ
ЩֵԽſŮ絶޲ܰҴɸá





 31 

ıǱŲţϹĻ˵̫ۡϲսپˣʹȭʵ޻ȴܸˣŪ̫עʽĻһʵȭ˾ͰĲˣһҾ¶Ǿö࣬ٳɼҲǰ˾١
ԼĻ̨ȴֲҪӮ㵽ʲôأҲȥźСû⣿˵ǰǸֵȥˣǸﲻסˡ
ǸϯĿ˿ΧĳĽƻ첻˵ޱȵʣɱɵ˲֪ˡ
һûΪʲôͻȻˣӲˣû׷㵹ˡ
һѣֱжһ㣬ȫԡ
תתۣʵʵ˵ˣ֪᲻ᱻ򡣡ҲǺϲ
ȻŭգɿɰﲻСϲˣ
ϲǲϲôΪʲô
΢΢һƫͷҡ
ϲǽ˶ϲĲۣ˲ϲǲмһˡСϲʲôϲʲô
ŪĿôĸоûɡ
ץץͷʵ£Լûʲôͷ
𣿡
Ҫ³ɹɹ̫ҲûʲôҪϴ߾Ƕ¹ӣ
סǣֻƤЦⲻЦźȲ衣
һ·ʵ̫ƽĵĳ̶ȣʲôɽٰ̨ˣǹӰûֱš
Ը뱤ģ˶డ»ûֿ
̫ĵĽǵҿʼʧߣҹʱڴϺϵ۵СۣȻ˼Ҹ˦ҵһǺŬĵɡ
ԭΪĪѾһƵˣϹһҲŷһɽһɽߡϹ˶ȤĶǲ䲻ȾǲŲʣҶԺطǳɢ鷳Բϲ֣ôǺҶ̵ˡ
ɾ۾ˣգۣɾһ˲һӰӴӹ˷ܵĴӴϵЬʹӴڷ˳ȥµգӰûУʱĴڱżķһ֨֨⾲ÿԺ͸Ŀֲ
ܸ֮˫ӰζͶ²Ȩֵģǰɽֹܳһʱû˸ɽΪҸ˫ӰҪǹʲô˰ҹɽ˭ֹ֪ɽͷȻסһȺˣǸɽѵ㡣Һ˫Ӱ˶ʱñƭˣ˵ͷ˰ѻɽҹɽûɽͷҲͺˣɽµĴӪɽϵĲҶȻҲһƬҲ֪иùµ˳˾ɽ˲˵Σ
ԺתһȦʲôɵĵطֻòʲԸȻط
֣ǹҾ͵һ˳һ⡣





 32 

ڶһҵһ˿ջĴų緹
˰ʱңҳԵһ̵漢ֱ½¥һ¶ϹʦǬͼ
簡к
˫÷ǳɫϷüë˶ұһ
Ȼô磿˿ϿյӺ㵭˵Ĳ衣
ҳգգۣ㼵ʣ
ֵʼ飬ǲܵġ
ɱʦȤˡҪǻ˾һһһСأߣһֱصĺòãǵġ
˵Ǽģɣ
룬ʦܺ˵ǳɽˮ˳ʶһִġ
ɽˮ˵εʲôɽ浽ʲôˮˣ
Դ룬ûС
ʦڲأǿɫľֻ뱤ˡϸһ£Ϲѡ·ֻƧһ˲ԸرֵֹС·г̸ϵҲʱߵ·ߣڻȥ˾Ȼ·ߣʲô鷳ɣ
㿴ˣкôԼһ»˾ǵù˵ɣҲ̫ˣץһ鲻֪ʲôʱĽƾʲôôǻҪ⼦СһĻ·
ǬͼܲȻĳ鴤һ£ʦúãӪз׬ǮԼĺʦʹ㡣
Ҳְ赶Ūǹ˸ֺ̳Ϲϵν̲飬׬Խ಻˵Խ
Խ˵Խ˾ʲôµ˾ͷϾ͹˲Χˣ˵ر鷳
һһ㶵ģϵıҲԽԽȻȨԼ˵ͷͷǵӰԶɵģ˳ץһҲ֪ʲôʱͿ
һҵۣҭˡһÿŵһߵˮȻһֻ˰ֵݹһ裬⣬ʮ𼱵ľ
ԷҪ˵û˽̹𣿡һƮŶһܡ
Ҷħԣȴ˿̴ŬĺһˮŪȥɣҪôʵϴǰ߹ϹǹأֹԼǹء
簡ǻۣû뵽ôСһҿջȻɸɾʳֺóԡ
Һ˵˵۽һޱĸ߸ϣ·һһС
ֻỽһҲκ˱ˡ
СʱģʲôʱʼôΣˣʶľᣬôǲϲ¡
ҿһ˿Ҳ͵Ϲÿζô¹ɱ֡
û뵽ôС˵Ͳˣ㻹
ֺȻͳ˿ͬʱ˿˷ĩ
ؿƯָ֣ϸ޳㾫£ȴ˿µɱ
ͷһ£̧ͷۣݵƬ̵ɱ⾭ɫڸ˻ȥ
ɱңȻ˲䶼ûУҪͷ
Ҫڵ²Ÿģ
ұ㣿Ҫĩúòã㲻˳ģһˬأ
磬磡һЦӯӯ¥ϴ
ϹëһȣĴ̧ƬɵЦ⡣
һҺɵλڻ˻Ҿ˳µıϵһȥˡ
ȵϲŭ޳۲۰Ƶĳ￪ʼ
һʵģƵ˯ţֻϵӿ羰ĽҰ˲ݾ˲ۻҸˡ
컹ǾҵģҾ֮һӰð˳
һĺôǳû˿ȫǿǰһţϹ̫Ϊû˸Ҵ¹⣬ֻΡҺءڵǱңһƿӾʹҡڵ˳ȫȻû˼һʱôصĺ





 33 

¾ڹôѵЩοҵĵӱͲСҲϲǰǺˣϲƾһʱ嶯£һô޿֣Ϊ˻ƺ
Ӱ³Ҳܻ䣬˳
η֣˫ֲ˾ԼúƵ̨ʡ
˵˭֣Ҳ±Ц
գ۾ҲȷûҲûۻֱǴ˵еɽ㰡
˵֣ʲôܳ
۴ӵһ죬񾭣ôþԼ
ҾԺûչӣôˣ߽ԽԽƯ˵ĸںʲôĿģ
᲻ôʰС·ô·㿪Ĳɣ
ԼһţƢȻ㱩ꡣ
°ͣ´ļҵС㣿Ϲ˰ɣһ·ǧ֮ܵ˰
ƨ˭Ϲˣĵȵɷǵˣ
ȻҲʲôö˵úã˵̫ˣǰ;̫ǰ;ˡ
ԶԶԣ
һ´չȥץס֣ҵķӦŪסˡ
ֹʲôأȻͣ
ָһˣüۡӣСڣǸ׼˶üкˬӢˣӦǸüŮкܡ
ʦ㣬ҵ֪ˡ
ĳأ
ֹһѹӳȻȻʦܵĳˡ
ʦкңҺһ㶡

ҳЦ˵ͷ
ϹΪʦ㣿ϹҵŮֲ࣬еļҲλ˭أ
ֹߡʦȻЦøĪ⣬һļƤ
ʲô𣿡
ֻҪϲ
ԭֲáǾûˡֵֹ´ˡ
ǸǵƱ̫ܺðɣҪǻأһģ
˭˵ҪˣʦЦĿңߺóԺٲˣ³֮Ҳô
ΪأʵֻǴʲôˡ
Ǵȥģ
ͤ
һΰɡʹͷʹǺʲôϵ
ȻʦͽĹϵ
ǽϹʦܣҲͽˣ
û
Ҵ˻ᣬôһ¡
˵ͤǸͯϰʮҲֻ֪ͣǲȥǵģ򲻹ǿ϶ģҪԭһε٣òֺƭİ˼ˣүһͷ׷һܳİ׺ӣĿ⾼Ȼ˶ĺܡʱСʵڸ㲻Ϊʲô˶־£˼İ׺ӣȻûɹһ֪ǸʱʲôۣҵڶվӾͿԼ׵ͷߣŵû⣬ӴԺҲûչӡ
ʵôųǲ˼顣մϵַֹ۹ûˣҲСʱԾԼӡ̫̣˲ĥĺ֢Ȼûʲôǲվˡ





 34 

ȥͤΪȡʱͿӱ޵ĸϣһϹҲкùӳԡ
ֻǿҰεˣֱҪҰ
вУҪϢϹûôҵģ
ſϣҺܲŵĴŴܲĺš
ʦô㣿㶼ˡֹƲ죬Ѿӵ
ʲôЦһ㲻ЦҲЦô۵ģ
ĴС㣬ô·Ͳˣ㲻ǻṦ
ֻһЩȭȣĹ˵Լġʦݹˮò˵ĺܿ͹ۡ
ˮ΢㣬ġǺúõ
һ·ǰиջϢһɡ
ʦ㷢˳ǰˡ
ֹݺݵĵһۣҵȥ
̫ɽǰһ㿴ջˣҲ˲λʦȲķ塣
СϷһ䣬Ϻþƺòˣ
ӦҵһƬžѻȸ
˳˿ǰЩģԴҲεġ
㲻ǸϹ¹𣿡
һ£ΣաţʮΪϲߡ
վסֱ۴޾סĽС
겻ɢ겻ɢȻӲǾͲˣڿˡ
ˮˮŬһ㣬ǰǻɵһƬ
ģһֵֻ˱ˮùһȥ
ʲôû˺Ǻô죿
Сô죬㡭ֹȻǿĳЩͿסˡ
ôܵƧˣʦҲŽˡ
ֱϵĳ˿£һˮȥɺöˡ
ô£
ӳˣ˳ذͤ
˳ۺһĨЦֹһʼһ̫ţרƹľٶ֤ȷǳˡϹɾ͸İò
˵£һʦã¼˭ܶ˼ңڶǲǰԸġʦ治ɫ䲻
۲岻ŶһҲû˵ʲôתͷҡ
ȥˣ
ϯ̳ɵϣպõĽɵһϮ£ˬʣ۸Ҳơ
ûùϵĸͿʼԣҲֻЦЦڱϸҵ衣





 35 

ȵˣȫʱǶˡ
Свǳֹϴ׹ĵһ仰
ڿջСס޵ֶֻ࣬øֹһ䷿ˡ
˵ҪϷøңһڻؾˣ˭֪ʲôء
ι˰ޱôҡ
أʵʵ˵û漷˼˵ΪʲôҪӰʦܶôá
ҪҺܷˣǱ㶮ݾͻҵ˽жҺã۾ôģûݼǱһֻٵ޼ҿɹ飬Ҫ˵ˣԽ˵Խ
ʲô֪ôֹĿһۡ
֪ʲô
ֲ˵ҩɾȣʶˡ
ʲô˼
˭˭뺦㶼֪
ҷ𣬡ܲһΰѻ˵ꣿ
ûҪĸƢӽݰԵԲ˳͸ɵóɱ˷Ż£ƺܰŪýͷöҲԼʲô޿ص£ʦܴݼҵ˳㣬ΪӦõģһζĳϽʲô¿ʲô²ǸʱʦҲСȫûΪĶãֻǱˡΪʦ֮ǰ˵ͽȴڵһۼʦܵʱ˼ֱţΪͽѱѧʦܣҲֻǼʦεʦ֪Ͼûв͸ǽ֪¡ݼ֮ںһǿʢһЩνԴĽȭֺһɣǲÿ궼м˵ҪչУʵǵͤʦܴ书ǲҪ˵ⲻܣϹôԸ˰ڲ
ʲʣʡ
һ㶣ôͻȻĳôһ䣬漴ֻȻ
Ȼǲŵģֲʦܶ˵ʵʵɲ㲻šЦյģʦܱķʽвԣҾҲǱģ㲻֪ԼƢһСİԼȥˡʦǲףνǰлǣҪʱѾһ޿ˣʦڹҲؼʱ֪ĹʦΪھɱģһжǴͷװʦëˣʦܲŶ֡
У˵òҾԴͣ·еѪͷ壬֫
ν࣬ԸʲôҲҪ֪һֱļֺ֪ԼЩȻȫƷпֱ׳ɶЦĶ̶һ˲ͷʮ
ι㻹ðɣҵɫȽѿʵЩ
ãŹ֣ҵһۣϾͳţûиֹٿڵʱ䡣





 36 

ҹ¥´￴򣬶һεֹ
û뵽Ĵôѹʦ˵ǿ⸱ûûε̲ס
ʦ㵱Ȼ˵㼸֣ޱ̧ۡ
㣡ۣȻǲ֪˵ʲôãҩɾȣ
˵û
ҹֻ˵ĴƮ˵쳣ϵĺһᡣ
ҵСͽܣҵŮ޶Ѿͷ֪϶٣Сôôء
ʦʦֹ৵һվ
һͷ׷üһ׺ӣ˫ĿȻӨȴ˶
ǰ¶ĥĥĻˣҿɰСͽأôѾͷˣ
ʦҲ֪ʦ룬˼ԳһӣԼֻҪذͤͲʦܲˡ
ߣݼҵѾͷʲôöһûػϰףȻҴҺӵ⡣ӣۺĵƳһۣͲ֪ʹʲôСͽܵǡ
ûţûʲôŽһ£ͷ˵ĻִĸΣʱѾ˲ԼмＸأҲǴ򲻴ùӹȥ̳ݶоˡ
ͷȻ㶵ˣܿͷӦˡ
ֹһߣͻľٶסˡ
֪ߵغѾͷ
ܻûСͽô𾴵ˣ߳ŭ־͸һƣΪûпôһҾȻײˤ˳ȥ
ҪΪû˸ҽѵ㣬޷ˣ
˹һҵﳶµһѪԴ˲١
סӣܲ˵һҲûʲôãˣĴһһ½ء
Ѳͷ۾죬Ӷˡ
Ϣŭ
ǧһ֮ʣ¥ϴһͳдЩ
ͷ˴һŤͷǸ֪ôļһ
ӵӣ׼£ȴ֪ıӾסֶá
ʲôˣͷŨüӵʡ
̾ۡ
СӣʶԶ㡣
һӣͨǲɵ˵ġ
Ҳһ㣬治Ҫ˲ɣ
̧ͷ۲ͬƽ࣬
ʲôϵ
ѾͷأСʡʡɣ
ͷ˳һ̧סҵĲӣƿ۵һ˲۵ɫҰס
ʦȻһ
ʲôʦ
ǰĶģʼѣʶ쳣ѡ
ҪʱˣҲʲôʦҪǿһ߱ʬ壬ʲô 
ıóȥһѻյ֮ͤϲĶͳͳٵȻ⵱ӲˣĹǰȣѪͷԣ֮Ҫȫʬ
ϤҲôԸһǰһ̻ɱͷӴ˵





 37 

ԭ΢ͬ˿һ㴥еִ˿ЩʪȣϵҲƽʱŨźġ
ͷֿأϸˡҴЩеûġ
ССúÿ찡ԭĸ˵ʦͽطСͽܵһ
ٳһͽҪˡ
ͷ֮صĺһҰѾͷʲôãаҹķ緶㿴ʦӶˣɺͳΪʦѵѵѾͷʲôˡ
ϹһЦͦʺϵġ
ûһϹʹЦţ¥·ȵʱ򻹺ɫǰײҲҵľ۴˸к
䵽³ǲǺܸˣģģôŵʱкľͷ
Уʹֱ˾Ȼ·ƵİҶ˴ϡ
ôѵ㶼᳤ǰɣ߹޳Ҳ
ĿһֹĽֱΪֵҵĲˡ
޷˿̵ĸܣΨһ֪ǴδйĿ־塣
ڵ𵭵ĺ⣬ɱ֮˿ϸСķ϶ʹҲܺ
ѹ𣿡ᣬǲѹŭı䡣
ͷǲܶ˵ǳֻܿ
ԭҲϸĿΪĲϲΪÿһҾͻдܸУϰ˱˿ɫҪٿɫ˵ȥ
ۺúõĿһǰˣƫƫԽԽģؾͱһƬڰ
Ϊûݼңģ㻹Ҫӡǰӣ͹ԹԵĴĶҪȥҿԣֻҪÿҲ޿֡Ҫ治ԸߣͱҲܹǰӴûκιϵҲٵҵòĶܷ־ǵҲһȥ
һƬỬĶҵĴϣҪ־䶼̵ҵϲſϰݡ
Щ΢ĴʹУΪĿ䣬ʶһ
ʹһҵĴ͸ָʹȵĲӣᡣ
пۣȻ俴һ˫Ļ۾
Ŀβ̣ˮһӯӯգһһַ飬Щ΢תǧģԽԽƲߡ
˫ҺܽĽë裬ӯšһ̫ʲô״ֻ˶Ҫһ˫۸ȥˣ欵ĺʮԲ¡
㶼֪˰ɣʦԸһ̲סġ˲ߣһֳֻͷһֻŲӡΡҲʱҪʮĹҵѧһҪõʲôһҪԼʹõҲпܻʱʧȥõһжҸģȻƾʲôҲ壿ҲǻٵݼңֻջĶˡҪľֻ㣬Ͼ˼
ʱҺȻǰһμ龰ʱĵ͵˵˵ҶүǸĺӣͬһ𣬿ãҼ޹ȥҲȼ޵ϹҪöˡϹͰ⻹ҿһڱǰʧ̬ϸ״ͲãǵײײܳȥʱᵹµĸоǱӰŭֺǱ̫ˣ̫ҪϹ͹˵ǷҪ̼û뵽˷Ч
ʵԼǰݼҸҳҿԵûݼһϹҵǸ޷ˣΪ֪ϹôŷĽѵ˺ңҾԻѺ󻼴ĸɸɾȴһǰƱػεԼԾԼȡƽУȫûҴɱ⣬֪ν࣬ҷҲԼ֮ˡ





 38 

˯֮Ѿƻˣ߱һƬѲ֪ȥ
Ŵ̾˿ҷ˸ͻȻһʹдӱҪȥоǴðĴʹʧˡ
һᣬûʲôüϴ괩·ֶ˶ֽŻǾûʲôԾͲųȥˡ
һ쵹û˸ٿϹһ˵ʱƽҪŲǻǣүҪźġ
ʦ˵˼ҲΣ˵ǻعⷵգǵˣ˵Ǽ̵Ĳһ档
ⲻҪ㣬ƶ㶼вֻΪʦԳˡͷӹؾصһʵʵĻشǸ˴ʦѵͽˡ
鷳Լûôйȥܰͤ¡Щֱͦıһҹû˯
ߣûйˣҿ㻹пմҰѾͷɢϹҺ¹¶ѳɽˣ㻹Ǽʱʲôִ᣿˵˵žͿʼıԹˡ
ҵ£Ҹˡ
ʦ߿£ɵh⻹˭Ϊʦʲôܲ⣬ҩǰ㲻ͨ
ͤɽ·ȥҩҡ
ҪȥһŶûУ
׳ֻĳһЦŨŨһڡ
ȥһʣȷҩһ·ɡ˾һаһӦ𣿡
ٺ٣ΪⶾɵһĿС㡣
üͷһ²裬ʦû˵
ΪһǾ͵ͷܣ˵ʲôѽ˵Ļˣõǿ찡רֻƧ·ҲҰѾͷҪȻǾǸһõ棬ʱʦֵСͲˡ
¶һ֮ڱҪĸˣҲ˵ÿҪϡһȸһĿ˭ɼʹ֪ҲӲһ٣ΪɵĶʤһΪֹûʧܹһ¶Ŀ֮伸ԶԶ˸ӴŵĹϵץһ˭˭
ȻһĿ˵һпȥͤ𣿡ϹЦĿͷһڵҧԼͷİձ顣
ʦжڹ˼ˣ
ʮա
ϹۣЦúܹ켫Σա
һϲһζʮٶֵİɣ
ͷӲ÷ĵͷ
hʮ죬һĻǴҲѾȡǰһûǰͶһĿ궯֣ɾȻôš
վ¥ݵǵĶԻϹԥѡɣ̲סЦһΪ˳嵭ӿĲ졣
ûŻ˭أ
ֹһĹҰŲˤһġ
Ϲһۣüͷ΢š
Ǹûȥˡ
鲻Ǻܺã̫²ļƻ֮Ȼ᲻ˬʱ˭֪ȻҲ⡣
ͽ㲻ôɣͷ৵һվ
ֲǵһʶҡ
˵ҾߣǰѪɫһ´ʹҵ۾ͣ
ôˣмЩͷð
ɾҪʦ־Ͳһˣ
Ϊʲôʦ֣ǰʣ˭ԭ
ͷңлɣһĿҪ֮ǰϻȥ
ǸʲôʦֱûȣҪһغģãƫ
֣ܲ
ԼȥɣҸʦʦȥͤкڣɽʦֽⶾȫˡ
ŶҩһӵģУֹһԴͲ㵸ˡ
ͷҲԣǲ̫ԸǷһһԡ
ʲôϹɫ̫á
ûаҪǱûͤҺˡ
Ҳ棬ǲģֻһϲõڹͷʽ
һ̫͹Ϲ̫߹Լܿͻָеı顣
ԣúøĴ𸴣һºսתͷͷӣͷʦͽһ֮ڰͤûˣðЩصεģȻͽ
ֱֹֿ̾ʾס
Уһչ˵΢ͱ׷ˡ
ʱٿǿ
תһȦֻصϣƢȻԿԼһ¡ˣҶôҲʱ䡣
ĻҪһܾ棬һĴ˿̾ȻͬһŮһ衣ҵᣬ黹˵㡣
ˡ
˵ǰһֺȻתһѳңһûӦʱĴѾѹỬеϢ˿ҵĴݣʵΪȸҪôӦֱҲγѵһѡ˫ڵкЦ⣬ƺδȻǯסҵִչҴҧһת뿪±𵽵ֹͷһƬհ׵ҡ





 39 

ϹһߣǼҲû飬Ͻǣ·ˡ߳ȥʱһûǹƾԺҪôǻ˳۵ĲôͻȻ֮ͱôôˣ
֪ʦнɡٶȸұϵֹʵ
֪ൽ˱̬ĵزĲɵ˳ڻ
㡣
һ㶣бһۣϲҡ
ſ뵽˸ղĻһӱʮŤ
ҵСܵĳ裬ʦҲͷײһ
⻰űŤʦ㣬˵ܲһ˵㣿
СҾûˣЩΪϲúܽɾϵζ
˵ˣѾ̬ĵزˡ
㵽ûҵص㰡
ʲô
ֹ̾˿ôʦܵģ
Сּǳһʲôɵóϲŭ޳Ϊ̫ƣɢȤʲôһѧͻı£رϲ۸ҡ
ǲϲֹһüȻΪʲôóȥƫҪһһΪҪע⣿ҪʦӵŮ˶֮㲻ϲĻóһᡣ
ûȡԼء仰ûֱѿڶġ
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û˵Ϊ֪Ҫ˵ʲô;һңҪҵ˿һҲҪȥ
֮һ·ͷǶ̫ǰ˻ҵʹһޣ˻һܵĸƵǰ塣ǳ徢ǰʦ㶼һΪӿ˽ųǱԤ˰쵽ͤ
ҪֱӰѻ̧ɽȥͷɽɽǻһ
ãܰ
ҴͳһССỊ̇Ȼҵ𼸺Ӳݻ˵عһԲΰҵỊ̇Ƕס˳תʹ󹦸ˡ
⡢ʲôͷӺʡ
һСأ߻һɽյϢȻֻйҿԿٵȰʱҾͺüˡ
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ͷӺǺ棬Ǿſһ߿ʼĥع
ʱĲҲ֮ҵȵĿ˯˲һΥ˵
ʲô£
һǰһҰͷӹɫҰףһֻѾ̤ײĵˡ
ȻǾ¡
ֻʱԶȡ
ԶǰԼ³Ҿɽӡ
ţ·ɡ
ͷԾǰˡ





 40 

㵹ǰʦѧʮ񰡡
ͷһ˫ӵתڿ죬һ·϶ź뻹Ʋ
ֱӽݿȫͷӡ 
ֻʦչţһкŽĺ㶣ܿ˹
áǹ
ƲƲ̲סƹЦϲвͬռˡ
ۺǿĲŵͷ漴ƹߵ˴ߣֻһü
hѹ͵͸һࡣ
ܾȣվʵ
һۣ˼֮ʲôҩܽġ
жڼˣ
ʮ졣
鷳չȥһ׼ҩһ˭ϣ
һָָͷӡ
ͷҲľţôǮ
ҲҹҲã֮ڲʣ˾ǾȻҲٽͻ޵ķҿȾˣ֮ԼŰɡ
ʲôҩôôǮ𣿡
񲻶ԣתܹȥͷƳݡ
㻹벻ͽˣͱϹ͡
ȥˮ˵ŴСҴóҩ裬裬ȲصʧѪ
Сĵùҩ裬תݡ
ɻû
¥ûô
ԶĺĻȷó
˸̫ǵ¥Ҫ鷳ˡ
¹
ţʲô⣿
㣬Ҫһˣ㲻úŰ𣿡
ʵҺ飬ҲԼìܣľֻϹ
УǲǱһȵ˶ˣ
ôͻȻһˣû⣬ֱ㶵Ŀ
Ȼ΢ӲҵıӡһȻݷʢ̫֮Ũƫһ֮㣬Ժܶأֻгڹе˲Żд˵
һȣˣòִǸҳԲѷļһɣ
ӦøжʱˣΪʲôٳٲ֣룬Ǽɻߵ˲ƾϹôܻûأ
ϴΰҹĹӰǸʱ򡭡
ϹںֱŤ
뿴мںֱŤɡ
ǵģõôֱӵĽҴնȥһ𱸵񣬻û˵ϻʦͶݿҩˡ
ɽҩһҩ븺ֶԹԵ뿪ˡ
ɽҩʦЩȣҹɽ·ߣҪɽȥõˡ
һǲɺ˵һһ˵Ͳˡ
˼ҵƢôһһŹ֡ʦü΢ûϵ𣿡
Ұڰ֣˵ɽұ۾ߣȻʮŵĿ￪ˡ





 41 

hѽ֮ҪĶǼϡеҩģⶾҩܹȫֲʹҩȻֻӿ춾صʴͷʹ޲ߵľ˲Σ֪˽Ҳֻһ֧롣
ݺƬĵȥһ¡
ϵɽ䲻һ䡣
ֲֻݵ㲻ǶҪֵģҿûʲô㽽ˮ֦
вҪ֪ôĻȥչʰ
һǴĵɡ
һ֪СҪ鷳Ůҡ
ȵɽѾ˵ˣû뵽ĺôأôܲǰˬúܲ˵ǶۡĨһ麹Ҫ£һͻȻɳ壬ɽŲʹֻŰɫײ˹
ײðǣҶץŶ
ʰһ
꾫ôˣ
ŮֱСѾӣϧø߸ߵһûߵҡ
ӹܺãұһǰһƬڡ
ôɽʹˣ
ӹãһھɭɭġ
ҪܡҶ˶Ҫ͵ؾʹһʹ
ôˣ߽һʵ
ǺϴһҪȥѰҴʹĸԴȴôҲҲˡ
ϵëַˣҩǲϣײʲôˣ
һдŷӣһ߲߶
Ұڰ֣ҪܣϢͻõġ
ҡҡͷҲ֪ΨǳҩôֲҵģҲ˵ˡ
Ӷȥҩ
ùӣӺɵĳһ۲űצȥ˺Ժ
ڰͤûƼϹߵҲǸɲ¹ҩãҩĲ٣hڻ£ôԶ
һĿɣڰͤסͻջǵĸϻȥˡûעԼ˵⻰жô
ԭˡҲãŸ׬ǮеĹӲǣûhһֵǧ仰ɽµͷβҵŹ֡
ҪôЦƽһҪôЦͼȵա
ҵ¡˵ÿ𣿡
ھͲժ
ʲô˼˵ˣҲ԰ֲûĿ
һӰŶ룬֪ԭ
㻹Ű
˿Һ㶣ɫ˺죬࣬ϣ߲Ѥһǿָ
㡢㡢㡭㿴ңҡдʣǼ˹䡣
ܴ̼ˣѯʵĿ롣
ǣֻˡ
Ŷֻζһ飬žòζ˵ʲô˼
ȿڲ裬ת⡣
ôĵ̣
ȦǳУĸɽģʵҲȷôΪһ᲻Ϥ˿֮ڣΥͨᱻҩڵȥײǽö֮Ҳû˸ҿɽˣ˵ɽˡ
Ȼϲɽ徻ϵҲòȥ˽⡣ĳһﵽһλʱƱػ鷳ұҪгֵ˽׼ܱǡ鱨ȻҲ֪ŸЩʲôҩģ޺Ϊʲô
ðɣԸ𣿡
ҾȹһٴҸҩÿڶ֮ǰûҸ裬ȻСӡ
ЩôһһأԺǧ򲻺õҶŮôסԣŮÿμҶ˳һֲͷ
ϹȥɵˣƼˡɫѤһ
㵲·ˡ
һŲͿһֱźʰһһҩĺӡ





 42 

ʮģиŮһʮĶӡģʮɽ¾ʱ㱻ĺӣʮȥڸҩ˵ʱһұ˶ڷذϵĺʰӵֵȻҲ֮ȡġ
컹ûҩ͹ȥɡ
ôͻȻıˣǲҪ߻ʲô춯صıɣ֧ң
Ӷһв񣬰һҩϡ
Ƶ⣬һɵĻͷһֻۣ򵽺Űŵ겻žǰˡ
ⰡִտýѵͿʼˣҴҩɽߣ뵽ǰڿջϵľۣ˵ʲôרƹ˭ûҥкĿأ
ԽԽǾòԾв׵ĸоһҪ
ص԰ֹһˮʹͷһĳüչҲûע⵽ҽˡ
һʦ㣬ôɫôѿʦֳ˰ɣ
̧ͷһϲ
ǡôˣͺãʡһỹҪȥˡ
ʲô
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üľΪ£ô
ϵҩЦ˴չ
ҵͷ
ţɡ

ȥҩһۣ֪С㲻ᣬҴ֡
󵫺ܸɾֹҩһ۱ˡ
ѪΡЩҩ
֧Ѫѩɽ꣬ԭǧ𲻻ĶҸֻƽ𡣡
ֹһЩҩĵ
ơƽ𣿣
ôˣ
ôǮʦ书ȥɹҲ׬ôǮ
һʮӦûðɣǧҲ൱ǰһµ֡
ϹŰɣʦܻӰɡ
æ翿Լأֹ죬ǴαʦѵûûˣҪæҪ
ϹΪˣ硣
ǡӸЦô죿һ˵ʦ־ǱҲµʱɻˡ
ѵʦһʲô书ҩɣ
Ҷ򲻹ȻܵеùʦֻûܱҩĻɣʲôʱµҩ㶼һ֪
ֹɫ˱䣬ҩֽ˽
ȸʦֽ˶˵ɡ
ѪͨںδԼȥܿˡ
ҪôhͲΪͷʹĶˣѪεҲֻ֧룬ҩһ֧룬ʣµҲɢڸںͺ¥һ֧֧Ҳ̫
ֹ˻ջҩȥ塣
ʦùҩûһͻ˹ָúܿ죬޴ˡ





 43 

⼸ɽסţ˾ɽֹĿͷӴӵɵۣƽȴʵֻǱǰˡ
ú˶Ҫ͸ˣһõϢһɱذͤƢûʮʮ˸йǲưոݵġʮͻͷӦûоİӺù
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˵ܵȥ֮ȴû֮
ʲôڣײ⻨硣
٣ֲûҪίԼ˵СС͸ҪһȤ
̫࣬Ҳϲ
ϵһƣýȥʶʶ
˭֪Ʋ¶Цѱ˱˵ֲεĻ
⺢˵һѪĵ
Ϊϻ͵ǲèˣĺҲ°ܽˣûĺ¥ܳ𣿡
ƤŶô˵
ҲǸ𱨵Ķī̵׷ɱҪһʱ̸ɽׯһ£ڵĺ¥ͳī̵Ķˡ
㻹ˣ
ⶼʲôʲô
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ͷȻֱοֲ׸ġ¥Ȳһأİ취
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ӣûӿɹˣԸϽТŰ

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Ҳùȥ̫ˣһڻ̻̲ʱˡ
ҲǸ죬ݺԺƬĵˮǰҶ컨жȻһ˫ѥӡ
ԡСҲס𣿡Ƶģ治Ů
Ҵͷŷɫǣһȵ˿һ
û뵽λôŮɫľܶʦ֣ܵʲô˾
㶣һŷӦѵ˵ϹٶѾ쵽𣿻˵λ׾
Ը߰û뵽Ŀˣ˸˵ģ
ιһੲݲ̧ͷĻĺòã
ʲô£̧ͷͿһƽĿ
˴˴˺һűߡ
Ϊʦָ˵
Ҫһֻֻһ
һӦû뵽ôˬ̬ȣͻȻͱЩˣԭõ˵Ƕò˷ԼȲ֪ƾȥһ롣
ЦЦϹĺôеġ





 44 

º裬ϹºأΪʲôԼң
ǰ˵ɫᵽĳֵʱ򲻿ֹı˱䡣
ΪϷ࣬ϧٵԼʦֵ֣Ȼܲļ֮ڡ
죬˵ʲôֺ֪ô˵Ҳû˵Ļᡣ
ҪʲôһҪõʹֶΡ֪ºѧĳԼѾƫִĵزǰôڵĵĮԶֻһĿģ޷ǾҪһʽŽˡ
ܶ²ǿǲԸ˻ҪͿһɡϹ˵仰ҾȻͼǵڡ
ԭС㣬С㲻һ㶼Ϳɱôá
Ҳʲôı£һһ˺¾ͲٴûȥˣײЩδ治ɫˡ
˵ԡĲˡ
ҲʧЦˣ겻ɢ֡
ӭԼǿЦһε̥ǺһʿſںǾˣ
ǳһ콵ѩգǴһε̥ǰˣȴ֪ĸ֮ͽҥ¡Σֳ˲
˵ϹºȻǳصģһ˰ɡ
һǰ̬ȣĴͷĬˡ
ҪôԼңһȺ뱤ǲԸȥġ
С㣬
ˣΪɽϵģҶϬЩһ˵֮Ѿ˲ֶҪ͸Ͻһȡ߸ʱᶾڲⶾûˣŷӵɽ˸ҩⶾɡ
ҡҡͷɫף϶ðһ亹
ҪģȥôϹº˵Ҷ㡣
˭֪һҿžͲͷˣ֪ôĶҪȻôˣʡ֡
ôһȻعûҿתһԾ¾ûӰ
һߣұŵһȴһ鷳ٶ֮Ϲºǲġ
ôһʣ¶ˣŮΪĺãҪΰǸһˡ
Լѱ˻˼Ǳ˵İΣ𣿡
һδƽһһùˮ졣
˵Ҳöǳðװ׾ˮǳˮܽأһɴ£һƮǣмӵζɿϵһûɵľ͸еһ⣬һһѶҩ͵ʱķһСôĶ֪
α˸ҵ汳οûǸʸ񡣡
֮϶źҲƬ̵Ŀ֮졣
ǰҸˡҳЦЦû뵽ܴϹϼһ˵㲻Ҷˣ
һɫļ仯ǳѾͷҪϹһʧ֣ĵѾͷ
˭˲ˣĳЩôŽһվǰҲܲˡ
ͷ˵Ĳ˵ǿ־廹ǷŭССһЩʺʧ䡣
Ҳ͵ЦˣҸѡɣôأ
Ц۵úܣֱһҾ˵˵ҿ





 45 

ֱֱĿ̲סһЦ
ȸ̼׶̫ޣӣɡ
һ˲Цѡ
ûпǹֻɱ֮
кʲô۾˵ûݼ㻹ô
ĺǷһءժһĵΪҩҪ˵Ȼġ
ʲô˼
Ī֪ɣ
㣡Ӷɳˡ
ŵĳضζֻҪһͻܣζŨȥصĻ
ɫȸոջѿһǿųһЦ
ôܣ¶Ļġ
ЦѵҾͲܴ죿˻˼ҩвģ
һȻ˼֮ҽҩҽһ
ҿԼЦ˲̣ǲá
ܱǸ⸱ҩֻһʱѪúģҲûҪʲôҩԡûС
ҧһȥơ
ãܺãأ
ҩȥˣһʱزҵҲûãдķԼҲһǵãοǺüǰˡ
Ȼߣ
⣬û㷴͹ԹԸ·ˡ
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ǵıһߵ¥ש̻Իͣ൱ľƯ
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˵ϣǧҲǸóˡ
ĲɵĺŲ裬żͷ߼һԱੲݵĺ
ûҪ׼ԴţվſھȻò֪롣
㡢ô⣿ɺܾ죬˭ûͺ¥ʲô
תͷЦЦ
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¥ӮˡЩʱûˣȻôȴڸǲһƣ롣
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ʲôĺվдôܡ
Աߵ˵͵Цһ˵û˱Ҹ˽СǻԴġ
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˵ÿûʣ˶ɽһûҪŹңµαػҪ˵ֻ
Ҳſ˶ˣĺȭ򶾹ʹ˸ɫ
ɫױ£ָ쵽ǰʱֲӰٶһɱһƴ⣬һѪۣѾǽٳˣûż¾ͻ˹ȥҲ֪
ĺһתͷŭϹ
ûɹҲˣԼң˭
Ƶ˵ţЦôƯϸĿΪ欵Ĳпâ





 46 

ǰһ·Ĭ˼ȴ˵ұﲻס
ôں¥
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Ѻ¥͸īģ㻵Ҵ¡
Ų΢٣ǿϧˣһ¥ֽ¹οҲī
ҲƲһ죬пչôôȥɣܵ˾ӦҪ˰οɡ
ͣתЩʣҿڼʣ
ǰüżһǳе£ֻֿҾԼкܾúܾûˡ
üǶм־⣬֮˵̬ƫƫķǴġϾˣɱīԷεݵ»ǴǱܱһֶص̬ʧĴݲȣŵ˾òпᡣ
ƿۣ̫Σա
˵Ĭˡ
ҿ˵ҪҺʦֺôŸϻȥΪҪպ¥Ϊ֪㼸˲뵽˶ɻҲ¾ѵĶԲߣΪϲѪɱԸɴ˺¥ĺһüֵһͲٴҵ˶Բԣ
𴽣һԾ޳ƹҿĻϤҲ֮ƶ
֪ףηȥһǸľ֮Ľܺá˭ժߣ
ҺϹּСߣѵõƽġ
ҲҪΪԼǣҿɲҪװ˵ܳġ
ʧЦϢҵĺ󾱣ģëĸ
ǸҵĴأ
һ㶣һ׹ָʲô
ҪٸҲҾҳߡ
ң
βϵЩ֣ͻȻӦԼ˵ʲôԵĻ
Ȼô˵˵Ȼȥѡˡ
ĴΣҲŲҪԼڸͲӦңҪҸˣô죿
ţнȻЦǰֻ˵ǰ仰ٻԸˡ
ⲻǴܹȥˣͱ˿
úõĸȥЩеûģȻǺܸ˵һ㲻㣬ӦûûεӲŶԡ
˵ĻҲƵôֻϹˣתͲƵסģ
ҺһԼƽ˺ܶνѵԸҪģȻҲ֪йܲãŻǺЧġ
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ôˣ۾Ц͵Ƶģ
ȡҿܾ롣
ţе㡣ҵļѣеƵءһκۺǺܾ֮ǰˡҲǲˡ
Ҹλʦߺһ·׷ΪҶҪȥͤ¹ҲҪʰ¥ʱžûúϢ뵽⣬ܵƽϢͻȻ;ɬӿҵĳЩִ
ԭ˵˵һȵ£뻹ˣҵϢ˵ɡ





 47 

һȦǻصĵطʱľϴȴвͬˡ
ܲ٣滳ҽ
ʳһڴ˾ɫмήһɫ԰׹𣿡һۣŴСࡣ񲻰˼ǹԾʧߡ͵ÿյĸҶ˰Ѫҩģɵײһ˯ĺá
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СȻ͹һǺݵɣдŵҩɾĸ֡
Ϊ㣡еؿҪͣÿζ۳𣿡
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һ¥ϾһζΪϤҲǳš
֮ҿţڲ
˭˿̿ôʹϹһúܲ˼飬ҪǸ˻ҿˡ
ϵĶ㶣Ҫ࿪ҽȥ
ʲô
ŴС࣬˵ġ
ҾܳЦ˿ùϵӷŵϡ
ߵ䣬ʼˮƸڵĸְ衣
ڵĴڿúܵͼҪƽУսĶȾر㣬ִһĽ뵿¯ȽȽڵ̣ɵɢһľ⡣ҲãҲãҲã֦Ĳ֮ͨͨС⣬ůһԾϸСĳɢڹ϶֮䣬̵Ԥ׵ͻȻſ糣ָٰ⣬֫Ȼ䡣
ٿǰǸݵıӰɫĻϵسĵֱͦ޳Ư·ʱȻ󣬴İԵ·ңɼ̬ͷһϢЦգϸĹδϸϼ͸һ㣬˲ݽȥ糤ƹȥ԰Ρ
һѵζӲ





 48 

ѮϻرҶںԺͤű۹Ͻͤкصɴʽ棬ˮһͰڣԱжˡ
ȻܣҹȻ֪Ҫ㡣
Ӣ̴̵ţһ˵һ߻֦
ͷܣÿζ㲻һʱͱȥ˼𣿡
ҡҡͷ˿Ͽʼԡ
ԵĴðο¹ˡЦûûεģоаɣãôôСڵʱûôܵġ
Ŷ˵أһû
Ϸ˽лȥˣ˵Ҫȥס졣
ԭһ˰۶Ӣôɣ
ʲô̧ͷֻ۾ɵͭ壬ΪǴˣҲִ⣿
Ϊ㾭
̲סӹһЦΪó裬ʵ㽻ҲԺ͵֪ΪʲôС𣿡
ô֪ôģ֪Ļһ㣿
ţǰѹˡͷûоС񣿡
һ㶣ôһ㿴
Ұʣ˷ģ㲻ҲǰǹһοʱС㣬֮һֱˣʽСӹȴ˻ˡݼһʱû䣬СԽó裬һֱΪֹڿ϶ܰɣϲôֻԼɱԴҪҿ϶ŮйٿǸ۾йŭ
е߸ͻȻ˺̲ȥϹ˵һ¾ͻòҾ͵˵ϹڻԭǰҾȱԼĸɱ˫ۣȻִϻͷԸЭ
˵׻㱻Ȧ̫ˣЩǲԸЩ¡Ϊܲ͸˭ֻ֪Ҫ͹Ϲϵһͷȣ治֪ںʲô
ҴСĻҪʲôȥ˭ΪԼַ˵иɻˣ󡭡ҳһЦȻε˴һʼͳҡ
һһ˵
㶼֪ˣֹ˵ģ
ԭǶ֪һ˱ڹ
ǰ¼ᳬʮ֪ǸÿζҸĻӣ˵ʵùܶίСϡ
֮ǰ
ţ˻Ĵ̼ԺͱЩҹƹͲ֪ʲôз֣϶һ¾һҪ˵̫̫ԴôãⱲӲŶ
ӲЩҲˡǰΣϹϾҪڽ¹֮վһϯ֮ô׵¡ЩǰԸȥȫҵǰǰ·ôһ˳





 49 

Ӣ֪ûк޹ûԹϹҿһʱش
˺ܾãõʲôʱ򱻴ȥĶ֪Ҫ˵Ҳ̫ˣô޵Լ׵ҵҫλѾǱʮӶ޲ģܸоĳ˶ݵķŭʲô˶Ѿûˡ
ϹҲ֪ô˵ͻȻеƲס̾ԽԽܿƵԼջǳͤȥ¥
Щȹ΢΢ü˼򵥵Ĳ£⻪ƽȻ鷳·̫˰˺Ժٴ¥ͱ¥ͻ˲ʱ䣬ҾˣϹݳ޵Ҫ·ʱһĻҪôһ㲻ػƮݵĺܣ
ҲȣƫĶȺðΪЩȵˡ
ߵ󣬵һ۾ͿȵĿڵĲߣʱ˿ǸޱȾ̬ޱȰ˶˱ͰϣĽëΪȵܶͣĲûЩţէһۿȥƤ˵ĺӡ
ţ춼ȵóþˣФɪǱߣҲȵòƫҪס̱һЦЦı顣
ȥĻþҵһۣأ
䣬īˡ
һôˣ
ʲô£
Ҫĺһ
ԭ˻ôִţ˾ǶĺﲻšҲĺ̫ݣɱһͽ˳˸ɾ˵ȻǺѩ֥Ҫ޸Ը⡣ҲǺī̵˿в֪ĺͬĸĸĺԴռرǿң֪±ºŵ죬˶û˷ʱʼɱ䣬Լ˫׶ûŹ
֮ʲôáһüͷҪԼҪĶ֮ռȥ˲ٱˣû뵽īΪ˱ֳֺõ¡
Фɪ˰ȣֺҲû취ȻҪ㣬ĺﻹûΪʲô£ɱ㣬Ӧ˵òˣ˾ͲеڶΣҪ뱨Ͳôˡ
Ҫ̸ʲôʱ򣿡
˭֪аʱˡ
ѵϹãһǻҵͤȥɣԭ￴һ۲ߵģֻ˾øȡ
Ȱˡ
˳ùһӣתҪߡ
ȥģ
Ӻ洫ס뿪ĽŲ
عͷһżΪŵףһɫĿ·ԵӹǼݣϰԵһ̵ָ۾ס˵ӡʺģŸɾִЩĮ˺ܶе׽ĸо
߳޳Ӱһǳɫ׹һѪ񣬲̤ŷЬ
̸ˣҺ˿ϱŵѾȵ÷ûбĺúȡ
ţô뵽ˣ£
ùϵźһڣü
û²㰡
һ㶣һۺЦЩ⡣
˵Ҫ͸㴦ãô˵
ī⣬ɫʲôû
Ǹ˫飿㲻Ͻ˳𡣡 
ī򴽣תͷıˡ
ŶǸɣء





 50 

īȥᣬȴʵǸ̵ܻˡƵԼ˳ɼжĺˡ
ȰѺīߣҲſʡ
㻹٣
ԭǿأǱҲûסҡ
һƵҪ˸ʲô
ЦЦʲô
˾̫ʲô˵
ͨʱӦҪû٣ѹһǼҵش֮Ĳ𣿡
ɢ
԰˵˿פյġ
ѧϸ۽ǣջʵ
ҵͷڹķҿܾˡ
´εÿҽˡ
ѵ᣿
ȻѧԳһңɴŵ·ǲġֻҪһ˵ɺͲ˱֪ѧοɢҲʵãȷפձഺĹЧֻʺŮѧڹʦҲᡣ
ôһ˵ɢһĲֵһ
Ȼôôѧˣ
ǸʱڰͤûһʦдһЩӼͼסˡ
ҸеԼʵĳ˳飬ǰɣڹķôԻѧ໥ųĻ壬ɥġ
֮ԼӸĶ໥ںϲˡ
ѹͷֱţ˰һˡ
ʮ³Ҫȥһɽȥȥ
ҵȻԸȥȥʲô
ɽɽͷׯ˰ռţׯȥʵǸõĵطԲڶû˸ҿھׯʲôʱʼγɹģҲû˵ֻ֪ԭɽһ鱻ׯ԰֪ʱʼ˼ɽׯҲ¹Ǿú͹ȥ뿴Щʲô˾ⲻһŵǱͷܡЩ˲ǽؼͷǹٸŰͨȴ޿κôץץסģʮ⡢׶񼰵ĴǡϢһҲûٸʲôƽЩνʿȥ壬һǱӻû˭йʲôжˡһֻӼݵþ˻ȥ
ȥ˲֪ˡ
ػս׼ҵĺĲҲȥġ
ȥȥѵһ˲ɡ
Цѩ
˵ī̵ôˣȰѺδã
ߣϧ԰һ̳÷Ȼһˣҿǵһ갡ֵĶˣ׷ȥѵúĵĺ˵ҳļҪ̳÷𣬿ǾȻ飬˱˲ᵫһ˾ˣһסҡٺ׷ķĪҴ˻ȥԴ󸣵Сͱסˡ
ֻ̾£һĨ۵ľ⡣
˵ǸϧıˣȻҪԿܿġ
֪ΪʲôһͻȻ뵽仰̫ͻײĿһ˿˿زͻ̿֡
ҿɲӦӦûİɣиС˵





 51 

µ׵ʱͻȻһ¹һϢ
һֱǺܺã֪ɾż¾͵˲еĵزǼ٣Ҷȥһ档
ϹϢЩȻȴûҪҹȥ˼ʱһǰδеĻҸС
Ĵʹһ·쵽ͷһϢʹ⣬ߵҶĵ¡
㻹ðɣôɫô
ǿҡҡͷۺƽϢԼ
ٴϹҸе˾ΥĵĿ⣬ε¶ǡ
ֱͦ˱һһߵ÷·Ҫǲڽ°ĳء
ԱҵĲ԰ףЦú𣬵ĺŮһ
ƿһɳʪȵմһһܰ˸ʴĸо
ȻŭҵۣҲźۼ
ΪʲôôŸң
ݷ㵣һֱ˵ģοǰһʱһֱ
ԭңҵͷȻЦ˳
㡭Ȼбŵ
뵥һᡣ
ӦҾͽݷֽŹˡ

һһֱֱ߽ȥͼѾݵƤǵķ˸
ҲãЩҪͬ㽻һ¡
ҷϣһѹͷûš
Ƕ㲻áôȵΪʲôס˵ӣ
ۿЩ죬Ȼᶼˡ
ݼǷǵġгԿࣿ
ûУġʹ뿪ɾȻŵ˵ز
ҲֻԼһֱûкúù£лɳˡ
ЦѾͷˣ֪˲ңܿҾҪ
ԼԼϲ˶ˡЩ뻹Ǹĺã
Ѿ֪ˣҲ
һ𾪵Ŀң˵ģ
ǣôһ˲ŲԸ˵أ˸ҵġ
㻹ҪС⺢̫Σˡ
һΣաձɢķ˿ɫ΢΢ü
˵ǰǧС˵ĪǺӡѾͷǾòʲôôиߣ֮ǰ̫㲻ù˼ɵʱܻһЩ˵
ʱЩȷǼǵôϰߺƢ˵ľ͸ĵõġ
ʮ죬ʮ̵գ۾͹ȥˡ
ȥʱƽͣЩ̫̫԰ˣȻ͸˯ûʲôץ֣һѹͷûŵĸоڴǰһϣȵ;ƿݶ΢֮ʱҲž۾Щɬ
ÿŵСذҰ̧ԶһĽ⣬һƬĹأҴСȻ˴ʱ˸ӣϸϸŰȥͷؿ˼ͷ۾Ǹɬᡣ
ûϹǸʱͷȻǰ㶼ûðܾԺҲԭҴʶѾԸȥκˡ





 52 

˵˫С
ͬһ¹ҾֱԼȥݾ͹Ҫ
ǣҲûˡ
ңҲ۳ҵģȻȫ˵Һ˼ңɶѲ˹ϵе޹ģΪҵ˽ҵҺԼס
ҲТҲŶԡҧԼѪζҲȥͷĿ࣬ʹ޲ǿ޲
š
𣬰ָߵľŵ̶ֱĤʹ
ζŨˣȴôҲѬ̵ĸɬ
Ŵľžͱ׵ˡ
ϵ˿ûпһܡ
Ҫϵıӣسһ£ģ˵Щʲô
˼һʹûץס˿й̫٣䷢ɿ̲ס
վڴǰץ˿˰һ
˳˿ò׾û˵㣬̧ͷȴһϢ
ɫ԰׵Ĳ񻰣Ө׵ıݽҧס´Ȧɫַ·ʱƿº޵Ѫ
˫ڲ׵ķĿ纮̣â
̫ˣС
ð̵⣬Ǻ˿ϡĿֿʼȣܡ
˳ֻҲʧѪۻָϸ΢Ĳ
ģôȵϵ¶ȵ͵˼ĵز
㡭Ƶˡ
һ㣬ϵĴ̹Ǻ⡣
ܵĻ޳
֮ı飬һ㶼㡣ôú޳
컹ҪЦۿһȣȵҺͻ䵽˴ߣ̡
ҴһӦ˸һѰұҪǶ
ŵϤζָȻľ·ѹֵĿ֫ٺһԶȫ˷ȵ۾ˮʪɫƽ
ҿ޵˾Ļٶ
˵һûԶˣ
֡ʹ־ɷ˷羰
ϻȥ
彩˽֪ܣҲò
ĪԲΪһŮΪҵġɫѾˣԴһƬհףƲסԼ죬˵ʲôĪԻȥġ
ϢʼƽȣѾ
ĪԲңһ¶᲻á
ϸĿĹâȸղŻҪˣٵһתƽصһΪ
ŭ¾Ͳ֪飬ƿתߣײĴһûԡ
Ϊһɾˣʲôãһˣʲô
ۣԴԴϵˮָָ⣬仨
ûǹֿʼһκζҪȳˡʹ·Ҫȥһ㡣
ŲмŮһΪ˸Դס
û㣬һԻĺܺáû㣬ѡ





 53 

ԭΪ԰Ѹյĺܽ뿪¹뷨ʱ֪Լס
Զ׼ӱܣΪܵ˺ԾͲԸȥԡ
ԼǱɳܣò侲˵΢뵽֮ǰĻԼǹ˵㣬ŻʹȥǸɡ
㲻㣬ˮƸĻҿĶ׻ԭ΢Ļͷ֮⡣
ʲôϹȻͷɵϣϻ¯뵿һһͷҷƷ·˰ľ֮ˣеһѷĵϹƽ͵˯һĶĵס
е侲̼䱻顣
ƭӣȫƭӡ
߳ڱεȴеǰδе⡣
ݡС㡭ÿμҶ͡
ʱֲòԼʲôҶЦó
ɣ
СĴСϤ
ŶʲôģҾЩƣҲҳȥߵġ
ɵĿһۣǡСȥȷһ¡
˯ˣΣ
üѾԾȭִҪȥͱҲˡ
һ㶣ȻҲǹʧߣѵ˯ǲϴŵġ
һ
ûҶ룬͸ҺˮƸԺ
¹󣬹ָ˾ְʱſڳͲеˡ
Ҫȥ˵׾٣˦Ҳ׵úܡνҪңƫƫ֮书λҾͲһߵôˡ
ǵһ˲ãҸúȥδӣ
ǰ·ֹ޾ƬƬֻͷĿѣ
ҵһͤһᣬͳӽִֵİһ£غٻ˵㡣
һͣ£ղŻһĻ֮ȥӰԽԽԽϢĵز
ݽ㡣
ʹҵı˲佩ֱĶˡ
겻ү֮ǰ̫ˣڿʼҪⱨӦˡ
ôɫô԰ףʲô£
ɫ壬߹ϼĲʻնĳгЩȴֺܶׯʡ
Сѣ뱤ɣô·ˡ
ԲжʱŭҶ٣
һҲǴ󡣡
ҲźۼĽס
㣡
ˣûӮҡǰӺãСģжɰˣôھͳ
۰ɫһպȥһѶѪ
Цվ߹ȥָзǳ
ˡôôƭأҲһ˵ģҽŵʽ֮ʼɣ֮ǰǲǸøҸطס
ĬһһּȻɵ۹ҵĿŶȡ
һξͲлῩҪúÿǿǡ
ȥס
úӣǰһ
ûʲôƫԶһ㣬ȻһѰׯ԰
ôʲô˭ҪһȻᡣ
Ľɽһӣһܷ˼ĵطشƫԶ֪һ˿ҵõֻǺܺã˵ˣȱ㻹Ҫȥ𣿡
˵֮ʱʲôʸȥĵģǶҶܹζȴֻҡ





 54 

ΪĽɽľЩԶҪʱܵ
;ǵʱС˫ӰҾ;ˣߵƫŵСջʲôԵ
ʲôĸЦذɣ
ȷˣһ˫۾ɵԲݾС
㱾һЦʲôɿġ
һžǳ첱Ӵֵġ
ۿһתۿϹº裬۾ֵɴһȦ˵˻
С޶ô⣿ 
ϹºںΣʲô߻򲻺˼ˣǸԡЧ
ˣһһֵĴĳ
ŶǾδɵĳСӡޣҸϹʲôأ˫Ӱһţתץסңãֵ˼𣿡
˭ˣ
˵еİɽС

ֹҺϹºűŪ̵ƹûˡ
ûӳʲô
ɵӶ֪ӳǵĳ׺Ȩж౦СȻǲһΪĶ߰ˣҲΪͨѩֳӳСɽûаɽС֮ơ
Ǵ˵СѪԽٶҾСʦԣܲܽҩµĶ˭֪
˭֪ı׺Ȩײ˸ţƫƫִ򲻹˼ңֻüβ͸Ͻǰɣ
ڨЦ˵Ĭϡ
·ּ˸Ī׸
˰ûպȻһ꣬һҹ֮
Ϊηܲסֻøĵߴ·ȸ·ɲżϹº˻ȥ
ôˣ
¹ˡ
һ㶣հ׹ƿӵһ⿴ȥ
¹˳ŵˮɫ°ɫߺ°ڶԽ߹ú߹ŴӵĴ˯ϸֲʧׯصšٿÿ׹ŵεѩȷ¹ˡ
˫Ӱֿңؿ˼ζʱȻ
ַˣ
ڲס۽һĳ־ͺһֱֱĵ˽ȥʹһʱ˵ 
ҵɫѿ㣬˫Ӱѵðû׷ʡ
Ͱԭ·߰ɣӦû䵽Ǻ
ȷϹºüɵҡ
񹦻壬ʲôϽߣ
ҲҪƬ̶ҪֻҪǸйصκʲôҶҪҪ
˶˴Իûҵʧ̬ұ۰ϥס˫
һƬڰͺˣͿˣܿ޳ٲǰ 
֮ʼ˻ζһԶǸˡ
ָıҲŶһӵȥٳȥڱ֮¾ͺ˰ɣ˰ɡ





 55 

Ҫһȵʱǰ·ʼˣȷе˵Ӧߵ·ԽԽˡ
˫Ӱǰ˻ϵıҴδࡣ
ô£õˣʲôôأ
Ҳ˵ֻ֪һĶĻݲҲûģһקʹҲò
ʲôŤҲԼʲôڳһȫ˶Բӣµ˻ῴɫ𣿡һ˵һ߰üͷýģҶ֣ż˭
ڵ󶼲磬ʲôϸ֦ȸȲ֦ķˣȥľۣǹƨƭӣܵķ˸ȼ磡Ƕˣ𣬻ʡǿ˷ǵۻҵĴ
ŶҸǸǶԲסʻжܵĽɽ
ԺҲȥʲôˣǼӹ°뱲ӣ˭Ҫҡ
ȫҵĻŵˣɿ˶֪
ֻܴһȺƹȥˣҪЩʱ䣬һĻŻҪ졣
Ϲºһ¶˫ӰҲǴŲţû˫Ӱô
ޱıͷ
Һò׿¹ִʱͻȻҷһֻǸ˱֯һƭ֣뿴ʹϹ㾹ȻˣҪҺûί㣬ܺãҴȥ㣡
֮˶ûҺ˵һֱĽɽ˳Ҿֹ׼ٸˡ
Ӿɽɣ
Ϲºͷ
ţǾɣԼҹȥͿˡҴóűֽʽŽ棬ȥͳˡУκȻʱһʲôҲñ֤ԼŰɡ
˫Ӱ˶˵һɱ˻ȥ
һ˾һ¡
ǼӱеĻҪɪʱҶ֪ηӦˣƬֻ̾
Щʱûˣֻһŷһʺһľ崲ĺأ涼˼Ļһ洦ɼ֩
ֻԼִɨˡԭҲôһ죬ҿЦž𳤳ӣȴĿĵһĻֵֺףͷһĸ߸¡һȴûʲô۵ĸоȻѾȾʹľˡ
û״Լе˻ңհһƬǱӦҲӶͣЪİɡ
Ҳֻ֪Ƨĵط᲻вҩŷҲܲҪϵ⡣
ݺ߲ݣһƬѡ
һסһʱʵ˾ͿʼݺЩˣΪϵֻףʵûȫɾһõö˾ͻۣᷢ԰ѺƬݹһԺӿɻҲʱ䡣
ӹжԼҲûϸ֮һһ졣
ȵһ˾ˣҲŷ뿪ʱһĻǸʱѾԺʰ֮ȥӵԶҲûáѾǶٴκڴģһĺȴòУ֪Ϲº϶ͷҲԸ˵һ沼һ˭ӣ컹µ˳Ҿؤ˰ɡ
ЦȴôҲЦˡʱҲ䵽һ͸ǵĸоƫƫȶҹҲܣԣһǷô򵥡ժ˼˻ûмȥϲðı䡣
ԭǶҲ֪ʱ򣬲֪ĵط˸ιԶҩ





 56 

ʱ磬رĺãůġ
ʺԺһ裬űõĸ㣬ٵһνġ
ÿҶôģһֻңԶ
Ұ˳ʷǰû齸ҿֻǽϣ͵һһʱƯĸоž⣬ʵϲû˯ãһֱ΢ʱвŽȥҲСһʱ


˯һСͣĽңС᣿Цҵ˶ûˣһʲôڤ粻顢԰Ե춼ԸŹ㣬Ҫ㿴ԼõЩʱֹһΧǿգľ޴ԩĺڡ
һԼúһԼȴڹȥξ޷԰Ρ
ܲסֳײһۣûüܵ״һѪ˳
ʼͣĿȣϵʹģȵˮۺˮճ˷һұôģΨһõٴ˿ûǹܲסı䡣
һƬӰϷһŷӦﲻԾ˵־˹ؿסҵ֡
ʹʹɫҰףȶ˾ֻ֪
𣿡ƵƮĿһҸо˺¡Ҳ֪۰ӦΪʲôҪߣ
Цʢ޵ĺĵ
Ҿ֪˵㻰㺮ɢζܰɡ
ÿһֶôƮҵĶ統ͷһʹҪ
˵ĳǸκ˶ɵȻΪֺ֮˵ģϹҪľûеòģʹǲֶΡѾǸĿڵʲô̶ȣһٶսĵߣ˵̿ɻɻ˵ľˡ
Ϊ˶ֵطסȥ˵ǽ𣿡
ЦôģȴǱģмڲϵĸоҲˡ
˵ˣ
ǰȷǶҺݣҶ̱ĳϰΪ˱˿ʱηͺ£Ǹĺˡ
ԭָоԼŭϹǿҵѹȸ֮ڵûС
ĥģÿüͷʼҾ֪Ҫһƴˣȥȴ˸ա
̧ͷҵֱֵ䣬üͷԽšԽһֻڰո˷һץҵġ
ֱץúܽǽڶʹĻߵȴƴڿơ
ʹҴӺＷһþе
ָ⸧ѿİָ̺ۣҵϣɫͱˣüѿˡ
ҿ£ʶİһɫܿĻָ˹ֻˡ
ȥɡץҵ֣һҾͻʱһ
ҡҲҪ
ܵ͵ԼöģͻȻĻͷټ˾ҵд𾪺һŵʹ⡣
ΪʲôɤѾľ
һ»һֶ˵еԽԽ߱ýأе㼱˾ÿŵֲס䣬Щ㶣ԻһеϬ
˵Ǹĵ˵òã
ټְ˺һŵͷϢҲƸղǰԵ





 57 

ô죿
ʳͱøȻϰԵС
ԼãǸĻᡣץҲ֣ƽӣ⼸Ұô֪ܲ˼ҵ㡣¼Ůô࣬ԸҺõĲҲЩͻϲģЩתֻһסôֻ꣬һԶԸҲԶԸֵģ˾ΪǰĴֹʧӱô̫ܵй޲øɴͺõ뷨ֻһο壬˵ҲãҿͦҸҪĶҵ˽ҪһЩοЦʱ۾
Ҿñеᣬ־Щ죬Ҫ˵һֲ֪ô˵ˡ
ջ˲¡
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ң򴽣ƺøô˵
㺮ɢÿյķҶ˷һȥʱûŵϵͻò֪أ׼߲֪ʱ䣬ֲ̫÷ŵ١˵͵ֱ÷ˣû뵽ĵӻôΪԺܶ¶Ϊû³ܳΪգʵݵҲȷûʲôԭ˹㺮ɢղŰ
ѹ֡Ȼǹ㺮ɢ֪ҩõúܰ
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ɫüͷ
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װҵüŭ⣬ȴһʹ㵹ǽ̽ϲһ˸ôȥװ
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ԴؿڣסҵĻ 
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Լѵ͸˵ûһ㵱ôྫԹܵأקסҵ֣ӣҪǲϲΪܻ죿Ȼй֮ҲֲˣȻִҪӣ˵ҲٵҵòĶ˵Ҫɵ⣬ȡλã
ûң֪ϵĶԶҪһ
Ȼԣ
Ǻãһȥ
ҧҧۿҲ˵ҲҪ
ץҵһʹüͷ
ۣҡ
ʱһп룬Ϲŭʱа壬ҪôǲҪˡ
Ҳң
ɾɾƢôĶĲҪؼʱð
ʹ˵־ôô
ңҲص˾񶷼һҧŶԷϷţɿڡ
ΪʲôԸһȥ
ãҧҧ̲סȿ˿ڡ
ȥʲôڱŮϣ
һ㶣ƺ׹ʲô
ҡҵʱͷϣˮƸʱѾʱˣɫö˰ңֺܶû˯棬֪ˣû뵽ˡ
Ȼȫǲˬĺܡ
㿴㻹ǻἵʡ
Żἵʣ
Ϊ˵ĵطһҧƺá
üɢҲ˵ֻǱһһµĸҵı
ƺҪϵԻʱԼһԲ
˵ʲôҪôҪ˵Ҫ˵˵Ĵ㣬Ȼ˵˭
ҼάɷĿĲԵЩ
˵ﲻԶдԷ㻹ôܵס𣿹ȥ·˳㴦ϵˣҪ˰̶ѿ
𿴰ô࡭
ǣҵ֣һһ߲졣





 58 

ڱԷûͣãϵָ˼Саͼ۾ʹҴ·
˰ǵĴã߽ǰͿǸֻ˯۾гһߵ˵·Ƭ̶ûϢͼſ˯ȥˡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôһ޿κֲò˰̧ȥϹ
㼸ûЪˣ
ţ˿ڲ裬ϰԵֱͦıǵˡ
ĸ뿪Ӧþûú˯ϹһҲ˼̫أֵĻŵתһѱۺƽȣô˯ˡ
ι˯Ҫġȥ
Ȼһץסңؿֻš
ڡ
ͷгʪʹ⣬ӿ˾һһطĳӲȻҲˡ
طȥ˯ɣ
Ϲʧ̬һ̵ֱĲһɾһ棬ԴΪŻô󵨡
Ҳߣطɡ
ңòŵЦеŨĺɫڸȥ
ãҪ˯˯˶áסҵұϣұһͺá
ѵ£
ţǭ¥Ǹɱĵط
£Ҫȡڽ϶ɸЦˣôˣ
βҰ򷢵ɳĮȥˣʱû档չ⻬Щ΢䣬ھرīҲǰ׳Կˣ˷ĪһѣΪɫ˵ߵĴ󸣺С˫Ҳҵˣһһôӵùҵۡ
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ǳԹˣŷĪ磬Ǹʵǭ¥
Ҳֻ¹ĹҲϹҵĴүѵȲ
̾Ҳһֱڹֲǲ֪ԭ򡣡
ģ޳׾ĲӣӨ׵ķɫֵɫľ˿˶ϧ֮ġ
㻹ڽ⣿Ȼ㲻ǸŮ˵׹⣬ôֻҪϹ׵ѪǾϹҵĴү˭΢ʣ
⻰˵ķ񡣡ЦñǼҵգùǱȻ˽ٲίԼ˭һôнǣ̫ʵ̫Ҳ˵Լġ





 59 

Ҫ˵ʮǰʲô¾ͲòᵽһˣֵһؾᣬҲϹĸؾһ飬ĽйĴźϢֻҪ˵ĵطõȻӦ˺նౡʮķ绨ѩȴҹҲ˵ꡣ
ҪΪҳҵҸϳϹˡ
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¹˵̫ˣɽѾȥׯʱҪٵһˡ
˵ţ⴫һҴҵؽŲ㶣ͻȻӦ͵ش˿
ſֻ̫üһ̫̫죬Ҳ׽
¼߽Ǵõĸ

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ûɵľһ飬ղŵķӦǲ̫ˣԭˮݵˣͻȻǣԼû׼
ˣòƻں˳أͱŪ˹ȥ
Ƴһ۶˶ϥĸһֲֵӡ
ɤӣΣʲô£
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ư
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ϹһЦϵˮ˵Ĺ
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ת⣬ղô£
һۣǺЦҵ˱衣
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Լһǰ뱤зңɽׯҪҲǿ㣬鷳Ϲ׸ѹơ
ܿϹЦõıʵǲףұƼˡ
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Ŷԭ
ô͵߼޻ֶΣϹˮ©ôԵ֤ݣ˵Լһ㲻ˣҸҪ㵣İ
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ϸĿһ˵ĻȣЦдѪͲޡ





 60 

⼸û£ϹҲ˵Żȥͷҳȥ档
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ϹܽԼҲ⺢·ĽӲƣôʱ˻Ť϶˲ٰӡ
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Сϧ㣬Ȼ黹ôҡ
ߣһͬͻ˰ץȥΪҲ֪ﻹҰаõڣӵõô
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ҿһ󻨵ۣʽֱů
㻹ߵö𣿿ɱȥ¥ʱ䣬һȥѩء
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˵ͳǸŮˣǰһ˲ҿŮ˷оźĴͻĲʡ
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Щ죬ֱ﷢ë
ͳһʱ䣬˭Գ룬οҪء
ǸʱڸʲôòҲʱڣ½ϻͼķĪ硣˵Ҫץ棬ҵҰң˭֪±꣬ɽм켸ҹһʱ伸һ˳ܾԺŻζ⣬ʱȻû룬ô˼õԶϹ顣
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ʮһ
ϹؾͲͣȢ檣һ۾üëмؾͱӣҪôΣ֮ҪؾӰӡȻϹ׿ʲ͸ԼڿһŮ˰ˣʱ䳤˭ҲܣǾͰĿ˳ƯϹϡ
ĵֶΡҺһȻȥϧ԰ү۹ߣһ˻С㣬ɾһ¶ˮԵ¸˼һڵֲ˼һ棬˭֪ү飬һͿһŷġ
̫ˡĹâɢȥ̶ȾŨЦ⡣
ߣ˭㣡





 61 

ڱһǣǳΪʳǣȨĽ֯ءеּˣ㱳ļжûʵϵҪ̤ʳǾ͵·һҲֻеϯλӡ
˵ʳǵ˲µһˣϧһλ֮λȱʮꡣΪֹûܴʮһأԶҲֻ˵ĵȥˡŷɥɱ־ǻʳǵʮһ£ϵ˾ͱɣδʧ֡Ҳɱ¾̫أʮȻȴѵģɱǵȺ㣬һֲʲôԼҲ˽ȥʮһûùʮλڽûʲô粨Ϊ˸ڽ
ֲǲ֪ҽЩ
ŶҪȥ
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Ŀͷĳˣֻǵͷһۡ
ܲܲȥʵҸκ
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ܲסЦ˿Ķˡ
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Ŷ
ֻڿջЪһޣڶһʹҴ·
ʳ滷ɽһ泯ģӻ̷࣬ˮνǺɽˮõطһֱͨڳǵĳţԼ۴αȵһ̣Ҳнϴķ¹¥שߣ񴰣שʯľ񣬹ӵţҲַǷһɺ¥ɶϡ¥ɣߣ¥ÿ¥໥зȰֶͨأ羫ɡ
ϲ𣿡ڳǰͣ£³ͻȻһ䡣
Ȼϲʲôʲôȱ羰ֺȼѡҸ˵ϴʱץһֻжأҷΪս񽫾СҲһ·Ӯٰϧٳٰ̫̣ûˡ
ҵüЦϲͺãҪٽж͸ץٺòã
ҴƬ̣ģģĲ׽һʲô
лʳǣز򵥡
ʱϴ̽ԡɽǷ硣





 62 

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ưŲ԰ź¶˳ϸϸĴǰվŵļһֻƽĿһᣬûйͣȥϹ޲ĻҺɫ΢һÿ·
ŹϺߵǰ棬ȥ
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ʮһޣʮװͲסҡҵ֣ƳǣȻôöòǲͻϲɣ
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Цţи˼֡
ѵȺʱ
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ҵֶΡһû뵽Ϲµף˶ٿһۣץҵּЦȻ⣬ȴƺÿζܴﵽĿġֻǡһҺΣ
߱ĿʴˣƬ̲Żع񣬡ôţ꾩ųڽʱ֪
˾֣˵ˣǰһʱС޶ǰݼǿˣŻ죿˾ϵһλ˳
ͷ˾ŭ˵ˣüĿġ
ʲôʵʵ˵˵һֱˣЩι䶪һ۹ȥתͷüĿĿϹ޶ӿ㣡 
ϹЦЦü΢ιͿɵˣֱ߶޶ĿƯҵʱһͷˮˮϹҪŮ˿϶ﻹջڡ
ԺȥЦһЦֵǧ׬⡣Ҳ֪뵽ĸĵʱ˳˳ҵ֡
ô˵Ȼл
ãĿһ˰ʲôô˵
Ҫⳤסһʱ䣬һӣϲġ
طסϹҲ߯˵ɣգգۣ⿴ȥָ˴ǳ̻Իͣûʵ¥
˵תۿŹϵı鶼ˣȻϹЦòȻ
һƵ𣬿ȥһһĺߡ
ǣҾǰϹҪġ





 63 

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ѽ¥ҲǸõط
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ģǾ˵аġ
õǿ϶˵ĵһģȴ޶˶һ󺮡ۣĻЦַЦһĥΣգղڱеģּˡ
ڨڨһЦ÷񡣡ֻ°и
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ԭǿʢ˵ǲǣǣҵ֣һһ棬Ūء
쳿ҫǣʲô
һ岿䣬˵ӣҥоͦǿġϹɲԲҪѧҵĿ˵
üͷһˣԼ
Ϊлʳѹšȵȣôƶϣ˵ƻʳǵҲ˵ĳġ
µˣָҶǰ鷢дƶ
˵αҪҪƴһͻڱͱһȷʵ̫ⷽĿСʱҪȳɳ츳жӲĺѪ졣ôСʱͱ֪û˻һѣû˻Ụ㣬뿿Լ߳һ·ҪôĬĬȥ·ڹ
̾˿㵴Щ΢һأ۵
ûа취ƽʱεĺٻݻƪȵ̲ĵĿ϶ҡ





 64 

ҹ˷磬ԽĿʼ䣬֮ͲҳˣʵƵҲҪҳȥ
⼸ֿʼ˯˲Ҫ˵¥ķܸǸ˵ĵط
СˣҪ緹𣿡һźҸһʵ
ãҲ
þͷһЦʱˮ
ûỤ̊ݼܺǰ֮ȴʮİźһʱ侹ֲӦΡ
㣬С𣿡ĻһԽ
ҳһ۰࣬΢΢ü
ôˣ
ԥһ²˵õС㻹ٺӴΪá
áʮ¥ʮĸѾʼڧˣ
˵ֱ̫ףıЩΡ
Ŷѹ֮ûչᷢҲ֮ˡ
㣿òֻһ
ɰҸҴ֪ġ
ɡῪһᣬһǾЩ
죬׻ҵĻȥˡ
尵һƬ嵭ĲȴǶ˶ȥҲš
Сòأһǹɫ㡭
ҲͷҶһû˵ϻ
лֱ˵û˵Щϻ
֮ɫ֪Լײ˲˵
ʳǶ¶꣬ѵС㲻̫Ե𣿡
ʮ֤շǷ֮ϣʳͳ콭кβף
ǲף̫ϣ˺μ乫ƽǳаģҪˮȣ
˷ǰ˵Щʲôġ
籾ǿʳʥж٣ҪȻ㣬СαǻҪʲô
ҶµһЦ˿Ȼϣ¶ˣ̫ƽС㲻ΪǺģҲ޻˵
޻˵ͱ˵ˣϢ
һ仰ӹȥıͽסˡߣҪ˳˼ȥŶûС
࣬Ϳ͡
Ϸһ£Ҵ㵽ߡ򷢵ҧɣק˼ϸ
¥ԺĳмӨףޣ͸Ũ
ֳּô޵ˡ
ţ֦С㲻ǰҪҸժʵģ
⵹ãﻹ˳ȻĺãʲôڳԻʲôζá֦һҪŸˬֻżҪ˵Կ²á
СԲӣ¼ﶬҲȻпζõ⡣
վһĺĻ£Ʈɣɾ˳Ⱦ
ǳˣιӡ
תתۣΡιĹӣ
΢΢һЦɲ紺
ܸһɫ÷𣿡
ǺЦСҪһ궾
;ֻǲ֣
ػֻҡͷ
ҲգԸҲǿ󡣡
תҪߣȻͱˡ
ǣҵ֪ʱǨˣ
ϤĿȻϸһŷӦµĺιӾǺηʥ
ͬպΣôûϳǰ˾ƤߵҩݹδƤӡﶼѾģˣƽôҲǺͻʳǰ˸ӴŹϵһˣ˭˭Ҳ뵽ǺιĶӡ
㾪ʲôҲǱҵлġ˹Ҳˣҵ֪ϹǸҰĵˣңҲ°Ըȥ
ԭǹҴͷŰϸϸһ飬ʵ
ûͷûβһ䣬Ƭ̲зӦ
ʲô
ԭɱҰͷģٻҩҲ¾ܸ߳ࡣ
˵ֱȻһ£ӹһġİۡ
Ҹ˼⣬˭˭ţҲʵڲȥЩǸںǿԼʲôֻҪúõչԼԼȥˡ





 65 

ʱд̿Ͳ֣Ҫŵ˯ֶһ׵ε³ĵʱ򻹱ҵɳĵùһҩɾȵң߶ͷĴ̿Ͷõ
֪ڼĴ̿һ˴ӳ˽
ܻҵʱ߸࣬ûҭ
ϱǿԵĹ̫·ûҾͽʵʵıһӣˤһаֱš
վ¥ǰŰĥϾڵĳȥ࿴ȻЦúǷļƢİоϾ
ﻹûëձһ̤ȥб˳ŽĴû״ʶһˣȴһϤĻ޳ƹסҵķҵϢͬʱҲӡһǡ
㵹ܵñһ졣Цдƣ
ˣҲǸսӵϢŹġ
ҧ𴽣ͷۿܺ졣
뵽֮ǰԼˮƸһĻҿѲο˿̵֮˵ǣͻȻЩˡ´˽ģҲؽٿˣ϶ֻ֮һ˵ģǣǰǣҲ䡣
ϵʲôôҳģĳʱϹѾתǰ
ţû־ҵա
࣬ô£üϸšʵ
ǰ಻ãС·̫Сһӡ
ϹҲϵĻҳĵ·ϵģ˲ĵͷ
Ĵһ̫ܵˡͶȥһЦ˵ֿңҶᵯ£ײײģô
Ǳ¼ƢԸõŮô࣬ȴƫƫֻҪһ
ɣ䡣ǣҽţ࣬ȥ¯Щ㣬ůһ
ȥ齣޸šúһ߿ţҪܲסɡ
ʲô𣿡
˵ΪһŮҶҪˡ
ŮظһֺЦƳһۣûǴĻ»˼Ҽ˵ųɵģ뿴ЦǼҺ𣿡
ܰ˵˻
ǲҲûԲŻｻϣҲСֶŮӰŻ˵
ϵֽ˽˵úܹڲʵ
ʵ˵˭ģ
硭
أ
硣
Ϲһһô
ǭ¥ˣīҲˣžͻǷĪ硣֮ŲͷҲ
ҿᵽĪ磬Ϲͻż׾ɱ⣬⼸ѾΪϰ˰ɡ
ţöˡӽôߣҪ̫Զ
ȥʵġ
硭΢Ʈ
Ϲ˿̾ʦڣʲô
˲۾ֺɫ԰׵Ľ˲࿴
ЩҾͺ˵ҰߵĿģʱҲ˵ԼϵĵӾȻô֪ҵĵ߻ĿŵԽ˹ȥʱ֪Ҹ¹㺮ɢܹɱǶΥҵֻҲ޿֣ҶҲ׷һᵫǼ˵ȥ㵽ײ
Ȼһֱ֪Ҫ˵ˣͺƤϵ̣ȥʹγҲʹ
˵ļܲסɲŵǱܳţײŲİࡣ
ЩʼɢȥٹһʱҪѩ˰ɡ





 66 

ʮ³ߣ΢ҹδ룬ʳķɽϽǻ
ߵ¶̨ϣȥڳֻһƬޱߵڡ
ҹ£Ũ̧ͷ죬ڳغʱѹһ㡣
С㣬ǽݰɡ
ʱѻ˺ɫװΪ꣬·ߺ°ڶ߹ɳ˲Ʈ측ơ
ϹҹȻǳ£䵽īвĵزӹݹů¯ǳİܿûҹĻС
˻ҲɴͲŵ¶̨ϡ
Ϊ½˳ǣ״ϢҲͲȥ̷ʱֶƣ֪ΪʲôôϹС޶ܲ͸硢ˮ©ѹڹһͲȥ㿴ɽϵĻ⣬ѾˣΪûյϢԳٳٲ϶֡࣬²²ֵ˻˭
ޱ²ҡҡͷ¶º͵Цݡ
ֻǲԸȥϰˡһڣ÷㡣벶ȸں󣬻ȸ֮ˣˣмƣӮ޷ǾǱҪһ۰ˡ
ʱ˵ɣΪȫµˣȴʵֻǲµһ롣
¥֮ڣԵ׷˵ŵϥأʾ
ޱһ㶼ģȻڻʳǴܳΪ᪵죿һ˼ԸΥ沼ֵˣұжľֻ·ӵϹΪʳǵĳл·ߡ
ɣ㲻ùңԺŸδɡŨ·ڵĺצ°Եڸȥм£ϴǸ֪𣿡
ں˳ݡ
ôƫԶĿͷȥҲҪˡ
Сھ͹ȥԯĻЩ
⵹ã߹ȥǡ
Ϸ󣬴һδɢһŨ׷˷ֱס
˳൱ĲۣϸܷõöϺõשߺľӦ˻ʳ֮ڽԾ仰
˹һĴ£֮ҹҲһ
۵úܡ
ҵԺе˻عͷ˫ˮͲĳϸϸش
ʢ֮ŮֻݼҵС˰ɣӣıһߣЦüͷ΢΢
أ
С𣿡
üȻҼɣҪôҲ硣
Ҫͬ⣿
СôҲ⡣
ȤȤȳһ٣ٱʬҰҰԹоͷӶҪʣ
ȷлҪ˵и𣿡
Ĳʱֱӵ㷴ã֮ѧֶܶΣﵽĿĲӮҡ
ôһ˵е㷢£ðŷӦﻹдŲš
Ŷ
ѵôһ˵ֺһ˵£ȴȻôô򷢣ǿиɵĵ
ֱֱ߽ȥûʲôˣҲǱܿԶԶ߷Χʧ
Ǹɫ۾޵ֺףû˳ʱ͸ɫ԰㲣ȥǾܲõӡ
ҵĽŲ̤ͻȻ̧ͷضң·Ҫҳһĺݡ׼ǽҲûͣÿ߽ȥһɵӹǾͶһ£ⲻ¶Ǹġ 
ʲô˻飬
ҳĬĿһᣬļʺͷߺʵĥ˵ĶҲЦֻЩʸסĵӦûд󵽸ҸҩĵزҲûɰ֮ҩңߴԼҲ֪㺮ɢǳԲ˵ģ˭µҩ 
ЦҶ׵Լһ˵ЦұҪȻô֪ϹӻСûָ̻ʹҩأ





 67 

ۣǰһƬӰĵ߳Ц˵Ĺ졣
ߣ㲻ş̧̌һ룬ͻȻûҲýӲ
ǰңûŹҡĻֻ֣Ƶ衣
䣬ƮƮһ仰ǧأѹҶá
ֱ֪ңαشϰҹصܵƫԶϲŭ
һҾȻ̧ͷһ۵ûУİ㴫˲١
㣬ܵõҪĴ𣿡
ҪʲôĴ𰸣
΢΢ָۡиһʱ֮䲻֪ôش
磬˴ģαһһΡ
졣û̫ȴ˵㡣
һֿʼ۾գ˼£ˮ
ʦܣһѵľͿĻɵۣ
ڲϵɿҲŸеȵѹɢȥ̧۾ͿһЦ۽ǹĻȾֲǵޡ
ѵãʦܣ
˵úᣬȴþɫѿˡ
ʦҲǱƲѣϸҲΪõġ
㺮ɢʲôȻ˵Բˣ𣿡
ҵõ֮Ĵ𰸣ΪʲôϹףҾеƣץ־Ϳʼ档
Ǳһ½ӲǱͻľٶŵˣһʱƬ̻ûӦ
۰Ǻôı£ϹҵĵָʹˡҲ̫ˣǳǵڣҪȴҪܵ˵ȱȱ£
˵һ̵Ĳǵطһ
ԭŸ֮飬ûº֣뿪ǶʱѾϹû˹ϵϹҵĴүˡƫƫ۾׼һ㣬Ϲ뿪֮ǰϹ֮ʱѾ֣ڵϹô̾Ķ֣
߾ǵġ
Цҵ֣Ȼת˾顣
ʦ֣㣬ǰԸʦܣʱҲݹʦܲˡ
ɫӽھûÿѵֶܸоЩ΢Ĳ
һ仰ǳ׵׶ϹҵĹϵ˳㾯ҪЩСԹԵشͲ£Ҫ˽Ӵصˡ
뿪ʱƳһɣɫףۿܺ죬׺ݵòһŮӡ
ˡߵͻȻڡ
Σ˵ĴҹһĨЦһʼͺ˵ĺˣȫԼ⡣Ҳǿ࣬ԽȰԽȰǶûʲô˭˭ҪһִԲҲûа취¡
Ҿ֪ô˵
ץҵ֣Ҫƽʱõô
ǶûʼǸ⣬й벻Σ̫






 68 

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˰ΣȻ֪ôش𡣿϶ǲԸ⣬һû׼
Ϊ³üչúÿǵʱҲͲסˡ
ˣȸŰɡ̾Ҳʲô
ȻˣȻ˵Ҳᣬﶼסһ׷ʣϵİҪݺ˺Ϊ֪ҵĴ𰸣Բ粻ʣͽʹ
ôôɵϰߣ֮ҵΪӣҲзŲĽᡣ
ҶүˣҪҪȥ
һüȥʲôǸ˳ʱЩͷʲôÿġ
ŲҶ΢΢£۴Щ졣
˫ӰЩ˵ò
ʲôѿڶҾ֪Լˡ
СûĵĶ
ҪǱֵúܻ϶Ҳǲ˵ģοûҲǽе¡
㲻ϲ
ЦҴһ£Ȼ˫ȾЦķ۶ҡ
Ϲӻ˭ܵ𣿡޳ָҵķŵĲҶ㡣
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ֵԽԽãܴý
˵ô򵽻ʳģ
˻ʳﻹֻˣ
ȥķˣҵһۣſھεҧȥ
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ţŵΣյϢҪȴһץס
˻ӣЩ΢ɳƣ͵͵ļȻ
ѵűԣ
ҲˣҪȥ֣֡ǿ۵ýġ
˵㻰ո˭˵ûʲôÿģ
˵ǷĪûɶÿҿȥͺñǱǸЦ˫Ӱ
¶һֽƵı顣ڴƬ峿δɢУü΢кľǿӨķɫ筺촽ĸɾ͸ȴһɲ֪ӿ
ģһȥɡ
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ôˣ
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Сʮ𣿡
ͷ峺޹İ£Цǰ޺
ҡͷʵҲͼŹʮ졣
˵ЩֻܵǣСǲţ
ô
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͡
Ҳ̫ףʲô˼ĸ





 69 

ڲ֪оͰ¶źˣȻǰʮֻ¥᪺ʮ֪Ϊʲô˵й¶
һλáȻ
Ķ࣬ûǷҲǻᶯҡ
ָǾۣ
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㲻Ҫ˵ںʱͰѴ쵽˻ʳǣҪ磬Ҫ˵ú͹ǾҪ¶Ĺ򣿡
ⲻǶµ𡣡ҵָʹ۽޳ʵҲʮֻϧʼչĦһء
֮£ӣ۹ȥֶΣ˾ûǰֻ´˿ʮͳɴ˵ǲǣ
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ʱɢȥձһԶйˮ͸ıӳӰտשϣˮһɫɽˮ续Ӱʡ
񣬺þò˼
Ҫϵ𣿾Ź˭أ
ʵνҲǳΪ˲ݾһٲ֪ԽԽá
ðȥ㣿̧ͷˮ
ţҴˡһҪȥ԰Ρ
Ǿͷϵˡ§ҽ󣬴Ӹߴ£Լܿһŵʮ½졣Ǵȥׯʱ䣬ԹλҪȱһʱ䡣˵Ļǲǹˣ
еľˣÿοͻںȲ裬Фĳ˺ͲСҲûʲôµĴˡ
ŶӢأ
ӢУҪġ
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ŷ𣿡
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ϸǰˣϸ۾гһĻȣһϢ䶼׾ɢڵֻҪָ΢ܵߵ㳯ݡ
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ҡ
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ҿûˮӣ˭ֿܵˣ᲻ͬ⡣
գ䣬ΡΡ¥ȴһƬ紺ɫֻء





 70 

Ǻܲƽģƾʲôһˬһָͷۣ
о仰˵úãеñʧ³ԷϹһźţΪү
⼸ѵõĺҹɫڴ˰죬һӸһ˼·
ࡣҺһûлͷ
ϸĽŲҹɫֱ̫ܹó
С㡣
ʶĵͷ桭
ԣǰģ
תͷͿЦķϲκһǳЦ˪Ůӣ֮ϹҵŮС
γһ㶼֣С
ʮˮС
ԭϹҰˮˣ˼ϸܵһ޴ӡ
Ŷأ
Сһ˲ΣͰ£ţš
ţôˣ
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ӣһ⣬˭ͿƤӵ֪¶
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С㴦á
šС񣬻صˮ죿
Ϊ뿪Ϲҳ£˵̫̽¸Ż¶ţԾ»㷸£¹źС㡣
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µֻҩ룬ԭҲ²͸
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пԾգۼ䰢Ͱ¾ͱΧǰ档
ѩڵŲ顣
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Ѿó˽ۣ˫ֿۻһ
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¥𣿡
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ıŤһ£㲻áʲô𣿡
ĻҾЦԽЦԽŪһͷˮҪǰߡ
룬ʲôѱھҲ֮ŸɣǴúܣ֪Ҫֺ˭ġ
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佣⣬ɫĿ۽üҽϬ
㲻Ǻѩںһ˸ı㡣
ǣҲһָ鲻𣿡





 71 

Ƭ̣漴Ц۽ǻһĻȡ
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һô۵ʱ㴫뽣ĺò徲
˵ССģֶվǰӾмϹζ
𴽣úЦСʲôĪ粻˵ңýָ˵Ҫɱᶯҷֺ
Ҿ֪һ˸㲻ͳ紵֮С
һ̵֪ľڻƤϣȻֻͯģʽ󻹶һˣĶӺӡ
濴˿ֻҹɫ䡣
ˣϹĻڿϰɫůףʹЩ롣
ڷĪоԵţ֪ңҪǻ˾۾˵ˣҲ˺͡
صܹôһȦӿɲǿϷô򵥰ɡ
ЦЦʧɫĶƫҪɷ۲ſϰݡ
ȥ˭кôǸʲôмֵ
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һСӻ˭ãΪץҶʱ䣿
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ٿǱߣѾСϣ۶ϳأ͸׵¹ڶϿڴ۵
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˵仰ϵЦݲҲס˳ĿɿڴĿɿڴþöû
ʲôҵȷˣ˯ûˣ
Īò׻ָһѩ°ı飬ǳιιҪѵ
ãֻҪߣ뿪㰮˯þ˯á仰˵ǿôӲ
ҪĽ˿˯ź
žһҺĻۿǾñӳ̨ױϵһˡ
ʱ䡣
˵곤޾׷˹ýסޡ
һǸĸ֣֮ӰۻңҾͿˡ
ȻҺϲ֣Ҳôҹĺòá
ûãһߵҲϧǶ֡
ˣҸߣҵˡ
ˣϹģ
۽һǳԴҩˣ˵̡
ҽҲƢ̫ˣǰֵڡ
ľҵģôҵȷлˣ俴ൽûѡ
ЦԽĶޣôҶС
ڵôûһ鷳߶ţҸСֻõһ䡣
ϲ˶ãӾҡУҪ룬ú˯˾񡣡





 72 

˴ҹʵ۷ˣԯ˯һ
Թ緹úȥߣֻ̤ȥһͱ˻
òױﵽʱ򣬲ĪȴһֻҼӲˡ
ѵûζý߽ߵͯҲûţԲ࿴ۡ
㵹һ㶼¡Ӹ£°ͺ˵
ҸɴҲ̧ͷͷ۰οҪŶûе¡˷ŭϹ¹ʲô
һʲôⶼܽ
ػҶ棬԰ûκα顣
֪жġԯûյý谵ֻӳƽ޲˿ն㻹ɱңʲôĵطӦ
ĵط仰˵ֻ»̼һӳɲ㡣
ֻҪб˭ԵϽ֪ɣҵļ壿̧ۣƤÿ缡޺ǱȻ̣ǡҵһҪĴĲоӲģҲͰˣ֪Ǽʲô޲𣿡
˵ô֪ɾǰֶ²ֱҲҪȥָʽȹҪ϶䶼
ǰΪһСҲﵱʱֻʮ꣬Сɣ˵˵žЦޡ˵ùǸù̫Ȼ䵽ˡĵزԼǣ¸ҲŸҰһһĳҪûôǲֻ᲻һأ
ȻǲģڸЩʲôҪһҪҸ㸺
ǲΪʲôҲѧһǸŮҲ̫ųҵأôѿôݣҾƾʲôأĶôԼϣﶼǱ˵ģԲԣ
ôݣڲ˵ǾòҪ˶һܡ
ôʲôֱ˵Ҫ¼ߵǸλòͳˣ
΢΢ס漴ЦһǷ̵ġ
ӦҪлҵģû֧ĺ⣬˵Ļȥ΢ĳ̶ֳܸһֻȥ
ƿһѺۣüǳǿʶû˵Ŀϣֺαʧ̬
ɨˣӰҳԷ顣
ڹңҵûһ㣿ȻԸھܲһҲ𣿡
԰׵ϸ˺ΣȦȦ֬ǰ˶ʱͬŭŵĴһ
ϸ׵ָΪ׵͸ؿΪ
ҪΪҲɱ㣡
ЦҪĸɱҾͲҴˡ
ң絶ȻЦЦúᣬȴҵĽ˽
Ϊܴ̼ңѪĥϹİơ
⣬ⲽµˡ
߹筺ɫĳҷأѩ׵ëձ¾Ҫĺ컨Իб˻аԹҲ
û
֮Ϊ㻹
ʲô֪ˣ˵ڴϹ㣿ҵǲ֪ʲôʱҲϲεˣ
ۣſ֣
ûп˵ʱԭץ־ͱ˳ץúܽԲɱŪʹҡ
ǣһ¶ѣбҪôϸڵҿķ
ѩζɢգü֪
ûŪʹ㣿ĪСĵʣҪһѴ򿪡
Ȼʹƿ䣬ѩ϶ӡȻ˴ĿĵȴǺӡ֮½ªĳݺۡ 
Ī磬Һüǰͺ˵Ҳܸӣ㵽ϲһΪ˵òִţ
һȻʹºŭͲġ
ԼôϰԼƣ





 73 

˵̫Բһ£Ƣһ˾ʲô˲õˣھǺںҲˣһһ˵ô˵ȥĻóȥˮ
Ҽѵ˿ڿˮˣŬԺЩһķϵõѧʽ˵ϹĥʲôŹôѶԸ
ʵҲܹҰѻ˵ֱ̫ʵǾŪˡ
ôأҪҿ϶ˣ˰ɣ
⻰ҪŷĪ˵Ч
ĪɫȻˣתͷޱ飬ľۡ
ɱ
롣˵ЦЦѪŻá
ȥ
ʼ磬ǳŪȴһĨӡᲽƿһ۾žѪ
ûɵĲһ£һ̵·ͶǰǸѪĲ԰غˣɲǵĴûɱ
ĪҶ˻
ôˡƳδ룬ľƵţƤֽŨİϢ
ΪΣü÷Ϲ˲ˣ
ԼҪʵģû
ΪʲôӦҪĲ𣿡
Ϊô࣬һô࣬ҪǺһôң
ֻ֪Һܺá
ұʶ㣬ûпѡң
羮ҡҡͷ
ҵԸ̫Զʡ
ϹͱҺˣһȤĮ㶯֡
һ
ĵߣҲ֪ԼԵĹˣʵףΪЩ£׷Ųֻ໥̽Է⡣
Īۣ԰׵ָ΢΢ţòŴ߳һĨЦʱԶһļżɪ㲻ֹ˿
ôġ
ľͻˮѶҲҵķ񣬺οǸ˺ܲƽ뵽̲סЦЦʲôʱʼ¶벻ˣԼվݵ
ֺαȥеԭ㲻мһ˵ЩΣΪҲֵá㲻ʺȨĶǵҪǷҰס˽ҲΪʲôҳϲԭ򡣡

ܴõƬ̵İ񣬱
˭ܱ˼˭ܱĺأͷβںġеĶֻһϹȻ֪ҸԸãΪұŽҵҲҲ
ұۣ̿𽥼ǰ궬ѩй¾͸޲̻ص֮ߣҳܲѹһҲͰˣƫҪټӸĪ磬ǵǱ˵ģ
ˣˡȻ䣬ʱӱҲַʽ
ҿãõΪһҹҪȥƿߣɫ԰װѩһļį
뿪ʱһҵľȻ޴ڵ壬ǰĳŨҡ
ͷ۵ԯﻹ͸ϵȼһƬ谵Ψʣ⼷ĵ΢⡣
С㣿һСС⴫˽̽С
˭Ҹɴ
ƿ͸һƬƣЩۡ
߽ȣůɫСаͬɫϵʯȹƯ
Сӿɰã²Խˮˡ
С˺죬С˵Цˡ
źϴ£緹ԯֻʣһˣСˡ





 74 

ڴװʱˡ
ôУһΪҪˡ
ִ
ôᣬҪҲǵȷҲܷ谡
ߣҿ㻹ŵʲôʱ򣬵ԼĿɽʲôұȣ˵껹һЦ
̾ƤҪұȣҿûаҪʲô˼
ĿһɾͰνһ´ӴϺ־Բ顣
ԽԽˣҲԽԽˡе׾ͲǱͷôˣҲŲ˶ãȥѪֻ¡
û꣬ҪҹⲻȥҲˣ챾ͱһӵѻ
ȴ֪ͣջҵĲӣһʹ
ҿ
ЦΪԸ⿴㣿
ӹȥϵĲʹɱԯﱾͼªٵÿЩûˣҵѾﵽ˼ޣ㺮ɢĶʱ
С뻹СҪûھ۵ȴϺϣôôƣǳɤӺ
ôˣ㲻һйܽ𣡡
ѽˣ֧ľʹôһʽŽҲѧġ
ȻؼʱʲôӢ۾£ӰûУֻԾȲģ
ĺΪ㺮ɢļ±䣬ʵܲԺܲ˹ȥ

ϹĲ֪أ
תѵʱСЩʣһɴ
ȡȿȡſ˵ɸк
ϺڵĿɹǺ
СŵĵһˮСĵĸι£Żһ㡣
˶ӣòϽأһԭ˰ײǾδˡ
Ϻأ˳𲻱
ʡ
˵Ҿ˱壬ûֱѵ˻
Ҫӣ
ԥûջѣͻȻ뵽һҪ⡣
Ϻģ
ӥ۽˽ȴ˵
Ҳ㿴ιȥ˲ŰϺµģıҾ֪˴𰸣Ǻңֲ֮ΥԽϺѵǲǣ
˵ǺᣬһŮ˺αҪϬ˵¶ֱס
һǷǳǳȼˡ
¶һҾ֪񣬽Ƿҹȥ
ϵʱĿһߣ̷࣬䡣
۵Ų裬ü˳۵ģ˵ܲеϢôҲǸɡ
ôĽɣѡ
ӣƾĽмܵģΪĸߵͬߡ
̷üȻ̫ţ˽⡣
Ц£ǣЩӲ
Һ𣿡
أ
ƾڵĹִ򲻹αûȤ
⻰˵ƣһͰˮϢҵ档
ѡתĿ꣬ûǴĻǾŹ̷ɣʳ㲻ڳȴɽ
ǰɽǸõط
㲻˵û˵ư͡ҺݺݵһۣҪɱҵҺαع϶Ǵ
֮ôˣȻ˵£ȴƲ˵ġ
̷ɫ˲ŤɱϹȻݾǾܡ
ô˵԰ģܵвһ
ⲻǸһûء
ЦôĶԹΪʲôһɢȥİˣޡ
˵ɺãһߵͻȻ˵
Сưͣ˹Ȼйϸ
ôɱȫһɱȫңѿɫЦЦŶԣϼ˶ڣǾɱȫҿ
汻˵ˣ˴Ҷ΢ʣ¾Ȼ׵ңǴصˡ
֪ߵغѾͷΪԼ׵𻹸ų˹㲻߳ܣ
ѱˣ㻹ôࣿ
ü˵ǻԲҪҲˡ
ˣǸһʶֻᱻվ˹ȻôҾϹô
ԶǸֻ֣ڿ뿪Ĺطˡ





 75 

ƻԶƽ޲ϼƮ޼ʣȥǳա
ﲻůͣ¯ڵѬ㲢ס㺮ɢʹů¯ź·Ҳûȥǹ䡣
һһҪĺȣɢܸоһ㡣Сӣʪ⡣
һˮ鿣飬ľ߲൱ɱ¡
ԼɱһĨɫӰ绪¡
С㡭
ţͷСƺл˵
ү⼸պܲģմƣȴ˴С֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ʵộҲҪ֪
£ô֪أ˿ڲ裬ˮĨӰЦ˿Ҫǵģȥźûйϵ
ĿңòŻæͷū澲Υӵ
ʲôźһǺңҧ𴽣¶ɫ̾̾Լǿ̱ˣŰɣ˯һᡣ
ֱӰʧҷ˱ߵߣ԰ĺӰˮ߳ᲽҡǷɣĹϼĵ»ʣˮ˿ʱʱ֣ڵķٺĽ¡
·ʱֱͦı΢΢򦣬Ŷ󣬵վƽ̨Ͻ²̤ķ·½ɽһ˵ǸԶ׳ɽӱ֮䡣
ͻȻϸۿ˹һЦǳһɲǾƲۡ
Ķһմ˾ͲܽȻΪԼܹӵⲻ֪Ľʧ֪޾
̫ˣ㡣
Ƶһ̧ͷ۾ͽߣҶҪ㣬Ѫĺ촽Ԥ׵ľ͸
շһĬ̽ˮҲ
ǳƿһعƿЦ⣬ǳ
ˮƽ̨û˵ӰЩĻš
ˣһú
ǹģҵʹϲ
ô˵֮׾ôĹϵ
ƾʲôô˵
֮ûΣԹ㺮ɢ𣿡һߣطܣչ©
ĻһŵĴ̣ȥʹγʹ
㣬Ҳж
Ҫ˵ôһѪж˽Ƶġ
֪Ҫ𣿡
㿴˵ĵطͻѵЦûһҲûеİˣƯ
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ȻһֺĿҡ
ʲôͷҲصʡ
֮ǰ˵Ҫ¹ȥ˿̡ڣô˵
ôǾ֮䲻ξͲһˣüͷЩꡣ
˵һ㣬漴Цò¾
Ҹ·ߣԼҪġǿҲôִţôһԧ죿
ǰҲûô¡ҰǿҪߡ
ȥģɫ֣һѳסҵ졣
ҵһԧ졣
۵˲ݶһֻĿ
ȷӦҪģ֪޼ղ㡣
ô˵㣬֣ŵˡ
һЦɻ۵ţ·ɪľ
һϮпϣӺݸǹЦ޺۲תԡ
еŽ紵Ͷ˿˿ƿҡ
ôЩ£˵൱⡣
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ɫܺãЦƻѤãˮ͸ҿҲͰ
ĥʲôô˵Լڶ
ʱң۾ڵ͸
ˣôһ䡣
ҵ۱µ˵ֻϷңҲˡ
Ҳ֪ôճʱͻȻеЩ̫˳ͷԭǾҵ졣
δʦչ鲻𣿡
ʦ֮꣬οɿͿɾ˽ǡ֣̫ˡ
ߣûõĶЦһźãȻô졣
δʦûãҪҲ̫˰ɡ
ҲĶ˶ӣǣ֮ǰȴֻ̫ܿˡ





 76 

Ҫһ
ϹգۿȻҪ
Ƽã¼ôõ¡
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˸ʵλϿţۣϰŪһָ 
㣡ۺۣɫҰ׵ˡ
ôˣǲǺ죿˻еİָϷŪèһϷʡ
īԭеһжƺ˵ģǶֻǰļƻߣֻǽҪЩûõļߣ˳㽫Ź˳ĹԼĵλѵͰѻʳˣһ˵Ҳⲻһ亹ܰӻʳǴҲƻһ֣
׵Ļ졣Ҫ٣ﰵ̫ദΣգ뻹ǣû֮ǡָȻͱϬϵô£
ûʲôһҾˣϺ֪㵽ȥˣû
۵ɫܲÿֽ˽
Ϊ̷ǸϺĻṰְϳλã֪λöˣϳģ˵ûָλҲɢϢ͵ʱı乫䲻ĹأʼձĦ޲˻ôۿҪֵĶĸԸĸ𣿡
˵һ۵־ͽһ£ϹܱܲôϻҶˣ
̼ùˣһ㣬Ҫ۵ġ
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ֻһ仰Ϲı˲ת˲ţȴҲ̹ǵĺӽ
ţǳľϲ˵úᣬɿž۵Ľ˲ұӡ
ʱҲ׹һֱԭԭڽ£ڱԹûмʱƿۡ
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֣ҪҺһ̸ԼŮ˶ûа취ãһ𣿡Ц꣬üοԼϲһ˵ûУõ
Һ˺˲õĶԻһЩصúػɬĶϹݺ˿ԻŨҵĿɬ
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Ļ͸ŰĺһƵͷţǱߵϹ
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ϹңϸϸĿ˸飬ҵڣ΢ָصظҲϵ˿ڣīкεĵǡ
ʹʹ˭Ūģͣǰ˵ĶҪˡ
ҾñǼЩɬкܶӿԺհ׹󣬻عԼѾıסǰˣ̰ϵζ
˺ˣûˣڣ¡ҵıһһ£˰ġ
۶Σ㶼Ӧöң㲻˵ֻ߲ȫȻҶۣһֱҪɱҵˣ˵ûġ´Ҫ£ҾͰ㶪ȥι
ЦҵҰ·úõ¡
úúãģǻȥ˺òã
šؿڲ˲䣬˲ųڿȥ֮˵ۡ
࣬ǸǻҷӵѾ御ˡ
ܾ֮ã۶һֱ䲻δû˼Ǹ԰׶ˣϾŲ裬һЦû¶ʧɫ





 77 

վھ¥ǰһѪɫ£
۴һȣЦüͷ΢΢š
ڣûͷûβ
ȫ𡣡
ϹˣȻĻشҲһͷˮʲôʱһϵˣ
û˫ӰչҶص˵Ǵ˵еĦޡ
ʲôʲôֱֱĿûӦ
ŰɣҲ˺þòŽʵġ
ǡӣ
ҿ˫Ӱʣָȥԭվ˵ĵطѿտҲ
ʵҲŵģʵˡ
Ǿñһ˾̫ˣһǰɡ
˫Ӱ˿ң߸ĸҲ֪ߵҲ 
ιʲôֶҴհҲСûˣһ㱻ȥô죿
᲻ᡣڰ֣Ҿ;԰ȫ˵㿴Ϲ˿ô𣿡
ʲôбһۣӣʱ׹ˡ
ҿվһôôһԽã᲻ġ 
ôһ˵˫Ӱɫʱˣޱ˵Ůˡ
Ӳǲǣ
׼ǰϹʼˡ
˵ˡ
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ЦʲôվϣǳЦ̣޳·綼
ȥˣϴ˵Ļ
һ㶣ǣҵ֣þſʼĨҲĨȥЦ⡣
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һ֪׽Ūңⲻ˻ǻЩ룬Լһݽһ˵Ԩˡ
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㿴ⲻûƭ
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ţΪߣҪһȥԡ
˿Ϧӳߵϼ̣ԶɽЦ̽ˮ¥⿪˴Ƭľ
ֻһƬΡΡʵ¥󣬸ѤЩһӵȥŰɱ¾Ļ̹ðɳҵۡ
ӢĿҲ֪Źֻʣ˾ιˣ˵ȥ˹ְ񵫺ôҲһڡ
˼еӣͻȻ˳ﻹסأϹڸոʽγλæúܣÿȥǲǲ
û߶ԶɫҴҵԵӢ֪㵽ȥ͵ˣǿ̯ôһǰ¹һȦѾǺֻ˸¹ĵطҪӢúþǻһʱҲҲ
ˣӢ
룬Ƭ̲ŷӦڽң֮ǸҪٵȰ£ϳ˶Ѿôˡ
ӢδС׷һ硣
Ŷһȥطҡ
˵˾͸һƵģܿԶ
ǣÿζҪ߶ŵϢСԹһ䡣
Ҳÿô񣬲Ҳֲ١
СЩ죬ĿһᣬˣƢɱǰöˡ
𣿡ЦЦžһЩµһͣҵǰƢλȥҪɳİɡ
ū˸ԯȥɡ
ţҲá
ǳҪůͶˣҪһ·߹ȥŹ֡
˳ݻĲۣڶյĻ¸ɬ
߽ԺﾹȻ۵Ŀݲ仨ŽգҰשǽɪ
αҪԼŪ㲻֪𣬿˱ɺ֮





 78 

ľϣľȻնһİ£۵Ĳˡ
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֪ΪұʵЩ£̧ͷվſڵľ飬Ҳһ㲡
ûа취㣬ʦܹһ۰ɣһҲá
ʲôֲϹģȻĳ㲻úãҲڸƽ°ɡ
ҽ֮˼𣿡
С㡭˲ôµôˣȴ𡣾˵֦ķˣ˵öãǷҪ㡣أҲϹҵһԶףߣԭ򲻹ΪҵģմСֹ⡣СʱҵȻܳȻ°ĻСдͲҪңкأұϾû⾫ӣûһĸҲû⽿Ƣһ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôͲԸأԼҲù
Ц˿һľ޻
ҲģЩߣƾʲôȴõһС
Ϊ㲻Ҳ㡣ֻǰһңԶ㽣òԾرֻǲԼ⼸ĸûеõӦĻرˡҪ˵֪ǰǻӣԸǲԸЦݽϣЦЦûϲཻĵز
Լأ
ôЦԽãҸҪ㡣
ϵıͻȻͱŤⳤָ͵ؾץ˹
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һǳʪ⣬һ˿һ˿ĳʹҵɫ϶ܲá
Сǯסɣ߿ҵ׺ޡ
ҿ飬ˣȶ֡
ӦѾ⣬౥Ϊ˭սҵģ
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Сˣ
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Լ굽ͬﲻϳһζĹ֮˵ˣ֮òĶˣʲôģҪȫԸһȫĵΣҪĸ֮ĵλȨ
С뷨С㶵Ŀң̫š
˭涨ɰͲ뷨ˣŮ˵ҰĿɲһС
С˵ͷֿ˿ңֹ
ˡЦҺ֮һˡ˵ϲûܹλҫȵԹˣôϷֵġ
ܿƺ쳾ƺ쳾мˣ
߶ţСҲƶǶţһ·ȥҲܿ졣
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˰ã֮ǰ¶е֮˺¡
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ðɣˡ˵˾ϻ
¥۵ֱһʱûкúͲˡ
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ĸùˮһڹ¡İɣ֪һͲסȥ˶㻵˶ңò氡
ЦЦϣ±־Ҫתصذѱץ˵һ泯
ǺþûֳԾıˣҰ͵Цһѣ治ɫ
ٿҾͺˣȻת˲ͱñ̹ǣС
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˴ҿ˺һŻ
СȥԵܷͷύ˾䡣
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ϸָҵ򦣬õĺɣʹѡ
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۸Ҳҩ΢ָ⻬֮һսƺ΢ɱ͸˿
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ʲô
Ѫñ˺ۡ
ƽ۽ɢĵйѪζ
㡭ɱ
̧ۣϺҩҼձһ¡





 79 

ʲôأСԴ뷨ˡ
ִľóһСƿҩ˵ָ⣬ȻҵĲӣ˵úرƵȥط
ʵϵĵۺǳϸֱͿ
ô죿
ǿزʦҲǸɶõ˲ţȥúùӣ㿴ô
ǰǰ˳ĮǱߵƶԲԣ
֮ؿɳĮЩʱڴĮһЩƵǽԭԺīΪпīڻʳǣֱספƱҪһӵĶҡ
ջƿֱң̾
һжƽҲߣһ֪ҵ˶á
Ҿͻ߶߶û꣬ЩĶòҵһܹô˵Ļ˵˵ԽԽͣȵȫûˣٻͷһȻô˯ˡʱ͸̾ˣְ᲻ҲԸ¾
ȻҲ⣬ֻ̧ͷŴƮƶʱ䡣ҪǰϲĶ綼û֮һǸ˹ƣô͹ء
޲ƽˮĶȹǴΪݳ޵Ը˰ɡ
һֱ˰ϵ˲תѣֻʱŻ¶ãı飬ڵˮ뵣ֱ˿ͷ
šʲôʱˣﻹŸո˯ʱеɳƣ˹ͷҪֵһ롣
ʮּɬ˿ĭЩڸ
ʱˡ
գգۣŶһ˻Դϲ˲䡣һᣬͷǲ˹
˰ɣʲôѾü
⡣
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⡣
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ŶӦҪĵƷ˲ʷǳΪĺúý㡣
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ʱſϷȥ˯һûˡ
ʱУ뻽ߵͿϷĲһһ׻׷
ֻһҾЦˣԴ뱤֮˾û¹ôָҳˡ
Ա߳žͿ
Сأ췣ȥ˰ɣ
Եá
ǸҪʲôķ
򰤰ӣ̡
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ǡ
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̾ͽˣɫҰײҰףΪϴε¸Ӱ 
ҸҪٶȻ̧ͷѸײڶ֮ƽƵڵأϬķ̹
ȵ󼱴յķƹȥĿǰ
Һ֧֧ն·°ڣһ֧ıϣȾѪ˿·һȻѪ֦Ҷÿһ綼Ҫ
ͷȥֻ޼ʵĲ¥ζķ壬˵ӰӰûС
էؽעҪ̫ƽ






 80 

붪һӸӣɫü
жϰԵҪȥӣȴֻһƬ⻬
ʲô˫Ӱһ̹ӣ߳Աʡ
ҿüͷ˳飬ľ׳ƼѪ֭ҺͿڼͷϣ˲ɱ
أ
е𣬡ҲΣգÿŵһѪΪҪŶѪᵼƶѪϺӳѪΪ
˫Ӱͷֻ۾תתľת
Ӻܴ󣬱Ҳܴ벻뿴ߵ®ɽĿ
Լȥֱ˵ҡȻҲȤһֿҵȣеͷķݡ
˫ӰϹй˼ɣ׻ĺռϷ磬ֲʼįһ
Σȥҩһ֧Ҫġ
̧ۣЩ죬Ǵ󷽡
ҩﻹвٵףҪҪҲԣֻ
Ϲҿıζ
붯˶죬֪ɻûסʲô
ҪΪá
ܡѿڶ
Ϲ¶ϧı飬ϧЩҩİ
㡭Ҳҽ𣿡 
Ȼ˵߶ͣ˹Ҳǻ췴ġ
Ҳ¡
ţۣһ֧Ѫֵ٣˵ռطˡ
˲ɴۣû
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ϹЦ⣬ʾȥ
һڸۻҪ֮
һһأЦţѭѭա
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֮в֣ǲ֪һߵĽ֣ĶľôЦôãҾŵŨŨΣϢʴҲ̫˵ķ񰡡
˵˫ӰȻµ˰˾Ųʮ˼ҰǳģҪҸȥ͸˼ң͵ſϷǲǣ
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ļҶڷ⣬ȴȻһֱ̫ƽԪ
֮󣬸óﱸĶڳﱸһû¡ú˼£ȵԪʮҴϴ켪ϽεʱһĻ㱡
һŽ˿ߵļͦεη콵ߣüȴ͸һɲơЦΪе˶¸׳ƳĤݵġʱֻʮյ֮ѡ
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˵ҿɲίԼ£һӣŲӵ㶼׷
쳤ؾãǰ·жѶҪǣ֣һȥ





 81 

ʱΪδɢȥשϻһҹѩỤ̃һġ
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ξӷϹϵأɫ׺
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Сүϧ԰
ȥȥȥ㵱Сүǰʲôܲˡ
Сүǳġ
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ź꣬Ǽ˾ţһܿˡ
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ȥ˵һ仰ƨˡ
˶ϰλСүξһ֣СܰǺúñֵĻˣ
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Ϻã϶Ů
ϧ԰̴¥СүǶ˶ʡȤ
ںСүڣһſŵСϲڻ۳֮У̻֮ؾСү֮ӰϾﰢè֪¡
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һߵĵܰû㱻ҭȿȿȿȡȿȡ
ô˳ԷԲˣ׻һǵġݹȥһˮ
ʱܰǸƾԲȳԷԵһ뿴Ĳʧ𿪴뿴羰д
ʵⲻǵܰﵹùѡ
СүСһվͻأĺܣܰûһڷҭؿڡ
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ջˮ͵һߵعͷԭܼҡ
ôһڷŵӲȥ
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Ȼ϶ŮɫһۣǰүѵЩ˾Ͷ˴λ
Ϲ°ͣɫ
ԵܰòһѣϹ˵ֻеľɫһλСүעأΪֹʱǸ°ɡ





 82 

ʱ򱱷ʵ䣬ҴȥĳЩֲ֪ôѲֻЯСֻٰٳ֮ǰֶˡһǵӢĵ˵Ҫңʵ˭֪Щ᳦ӣ͵һôô˦˦˫ӰƤҩûճΡ
̫ûҾȻһʱû˷
֮ȥԷҶˡ
ôҲٰģȻ᲻ϵûؼҵ·
üһѳ۵˫ӰԶǼ̶ûǰݼҵͽסĵطԭߵٹոݸˣһǽƹȥĽ·Ҳˣû·Թȥֻе߶šб£ָ·Ҫʱڵ˶ң֪ܹͨܵ
ΪʲôͻȻôˣԷԷ
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Сã㿴Ȼǽˣʤհ
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Կ㣬ߣߵŻҪһЩʱء
һٷҵĴߴֻһ̲ͽˣ¥֮ǰֿһ۴Ҳɫ۳޲ԵĲ˰㴭ϢĻᣬҹʶЦЦͷСء
˾¥ԶͿΪںӢ׷˹СһԶȫﶪ 
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Ӣͷһ˵¶⡣ 
ţ·ɡ
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𣿡һš
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⻹ò£϶㲻ҡҴǱߵ˶ԲۣȻǲԸǽӴԣⲻͺͷϵ顪ŵ
˵ǲǼ޴ˣ
ô˵Щ졣
Щǵ鷳¶Ҿȥ˼Ӧ 





 83 

Ǹʱŵ·ûз⣬ҲûѡǼ¥ܶҲͻ᲻һϧûôЩ¸Ҳչ㲻
¶̧ͷҾȻޱȵҪ֦ڻʳǵʱ򣬿԰֦ûȤԶ˲浹ˡ˫Ӱ˵Ǿһۡ
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֪ϬǴɺϣŴҾͿһϤǰͣ
н¼أ˪ѩϣɾֽҡҷ̤ѩӯţ˿ˡ޲ðȡ
׼ȥĶ
Ҳһشħצңкҵüġ
ôҵţ
˼˵һʲôÿʲôʲôòãһˮˣյĵһţҲŷԭ˻ôɵһ棬൱˷˼ұ˺һӣԥŸôأĵڶžͽˣһô˾һʲô
߿ҪȥԶ
ûʱء
ȥʷûλˡ
¥С
֪¥һֱ˰ţҲ֪ĸȱµġ
ҲŲȱ¡

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е·꣬ʷѵͥ壬֪ǱСү˵ײĴúͶ¥
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ϴ֧㻹ǵ𣿡ЦЦ˳˶ǰ鷢
һû¹Ķǵðôˣ 
ǴµĻıйϵҹϵǳ
ҹǳҶӶˡ
Ϊεҵıӣ
һֱ㣬ڣȻղתƻ⣬ɵľͰƽҡ
Ǽǰˣһ߸Ҳһʡ
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 84 

УͷδůһžʹҴҵشϹûǸһӱޣһСƵƻȥ
յ˰Ǳڴ˽ţӭţұȼﻹסҲǸǽͷݵĶǰʱڰסţڽϿңֺۿ˵ͣҪߵÿһ䳰ȷĻͳˡ
ǰһʱûʱʣ˫Ӱʧٵȥˣ
ӢҺ裬ޱеĿŹӡ
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ô͸ܵܵԸô֪࣬Ҫͣһ¡
˫ӰҪ֪ʲôͣҲˡ
⵹ǡӢͷеͣǰǸ㿴ǹ
һ˳۾ȥֻһߴͦεĹӰƮڼɽ֮ϡ
ĹָȥûӰӡ
Ŷ۾ſʼ˵Ҳŵġ 
ԭˣӢȻ¹ġ
η֣
ҳӰӢһ鴤
˲
ʲôǰϸĿ˿ģ̨ǲ
Ϲټһ档
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ͷǴһᣬҲûϵӢôãסһʱҲѲ
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겻ɢǵ𣿡
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ŮһӦûִܵҧϸױݺݵҡ
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ʳûҾͺˣǿŮϸЦô
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仰Ҿȹӿˣʱ֮ϰ¹򣬽µṦ˵㣬ߺĸоǺá
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ȻүϣΪӵĵ𣿡
仰ôžô죿УܻʵϹǸûҲͰˣôҶϰˣһⶼûС
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Ů£ѵȸ㣬Ͳˣ
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㡭
ڸ֮ǰܲȸǵݣ
ʵͦģȻҪ뻢Ѩȸ״ĺá
һޱȽЦݣүȻ֪
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үû˵˼˵ϲõҩЧȴǺܺãú˯ϸһľҲˡ
ҲﷺһЦڲһҲҪģǾвأ̫ҪԿġ





 85 

λ֮ڵף˿ڣ¹䡣ɫ۳ʯüжֻ
ҽȥʱһصˣûƬҲ׹ν֮ˡ
˻ϻϽ¹򣿡Ů˳һѣҪ¡
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ͲԸģο໹ҪΪң
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Ұ˵˵ǲصġԼƽĿ˵ţˣ޲ͬƽϡ֪Ŀģ
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ߣϹ׿ʲôˣ۾ϴҴɨһ£ȫ޿ȡ֮
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˵ģϹɲǺġ
Ҳвġ
죬޻˵һǺǸ˰ɣԻŵı顣Ҿ޷ȫΣͺñε£Ǹ˵»ʵº׵ĿԴ
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Ϊ͢ж߹ԭҲֱֻɵֶΡ
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͸Сүںүôӣ£Сү͵£˹ںүĽ㲻֪𣿡
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ʲôŮ˷ҫҫ
޹ҲԣǸСүʮɡ
Сү޹ˣ㻹ƽʲôοⱾͲʲô⣬Ϲ˲ͳˣʮôˣʮǻʮȢңһúõġ
ʹ˶ǲ˵˿𣿾ȻľͰźҵĺҲ̫˵Ի˰ɡ
Ҹôϻʲôҵûȥźˡţ붯ʲôԽ
仰ƫҪپԵĵһۺܻɫ
Ϲԩͷ¶ģôÿεùĶң
ϵʱһձСͷƳһۣƽûʲôɫϥģȵ΢ֲۡ
ȥҲſʼ꣬һ˾ľˣζΪԵĻԼǵر֮ûлȥس
һٷԵЩţС̵ʱҾ̽Ե¡
˵ĳǲǴӹ
С̧ۣ꣬û̻ش
ǡǹҲֻרΪϺ͹׼ʳĪ˵һ㳯δ
üĳӣ
֣Ѻŵһ㶼£ûʳʻ˾⡣
أʡ̲סһۣ˸ĹϵһɲǼҾǰ˵ıϤúܡ
ҷ㶵ĵڣһץң䲻һҧҵϡ
ӣԼķϵˣ 





 86 

ҷǷ֣ġ˵ôҲʺҪƤͻȻ·˼׵ģһܲϰߵġ
ôģ
ʵĴֲйֲ˷ûлʹѡôܣ˵ûȻͽˡ
Ҳôͷİɡ
ЦЦƽûʲôʣһ˫ȴ쳣ұ
Ǯʹĥ
ݣʲô
ǵϴκ˵쳿ҫ𣿡
ҵͷҵָе㲻ԣô£ԭֱøѴֲڣ滹ĺ롣
ֻС̫ܲɾˣȻ˽ܲ¶ץǺһճһƤѡ
ŶϸĿ˿֣ղ˵ˣ
쳿ҫǣ˵ǰһأ
ȥ
㵹Ǹɴ࣬һĽҪվڻʵһߣǾһߵĽû˼Ҫвô죿
һǰʣʲôʱ˵ܸıģôзִ磬Ҫϲ׵Ҫ⻹򵥡
ţĿǰ˵ӦĿԣԼСĵ㡣鿪ֶӣһٹ
Ŀ뿪һֱıӰʧҲջߡοʱҲñķھ
˵ǵ˳ҹһĻţҹһڴϣǾýϱġϰϹ´һܲס֧һûһµ˯ţҲ֪˶ߴһϤϤűϤ
Щڹкúǲ͵ˣôôѹ͵͵ĺô˯
Ҳ˯ģԩҡ˸ҰѽŸСϣ죬پůࡣ
ô䣬Ķ춼ôģָϣһů⡣
Ǹ˯ƤôҵôСģ
²òͷĽӦþ͵ˣ֮ǰһ뱩¶ݣⲻҪˮ
㲻ˮˣ˵ôҰο
˵ôǲǣ˯Һú˯
ô࣬ҲͷҲ룬ʲôʧѵҾͲ
Цһ£Ѱ˸Ʊ㲻˵˯ȥˡ
۾Ƭ̣Ͻů˯ϮصֲܹҲ͸һˡ
ڶһǱѵģߵ˹컹δڻȥˣұҴٺãûůһ
ֽò״£ֱƿˡ
࣬ŸϽůӡ 
Ƶĺã֪ʱ̲סЦΪܸˡ
ģ
ҡҡͷ֪ʹЩֶ֧˹㷹ĳӣûûղԾͶˣʲôֻҪ˻ʵۺ͹һж
ɣôˣǲմ̵ġ
ֱӽҴΣֻǴҸϽࡣ
תƻֺϷҲֻͨʱϹǰܵġ
ûãǰ˵ңһСĵ㣬Ҫ͵һˡ
統ҷϵĵ飬˶





 87 

˹ʱһβɫӰۿҪײϣǱۼֿĸ˻ȥ
ϵ
֣Сȥ˺Сүƨɡ
ŲҪأھͲˡ
ȥ취֧ȵ档
ڲӣҪ߲䣬κû˰ûƹһ
˭Ҫˣүֻϲ˶
⻰˵Ľˣ磬ǲҲ
ᵽںȻͰǯһͷĳš
Сһ۹أһۿϵľȻϹˡ
أǿһңûеٷ磬ûǰ㿡Σֻǿš
СүСҲͰˣҲҪ𣿡
޷ڶϲͺáѲ㻹Ը⣿
ҴͷβûĸԸȻҲû˵
ţҲ˵һֳŰߵüëôԵ
ΪֵĲǣҸڰ˴ߣͻȻ
ſڵüͷͺ𣬡ʲô
ǡˮˡ
𣿡
ʱ
ĽعͷϹҲͨڶ㻹֮ػѣõ±˿ġ
ôҪˣֻʡ
ǰǰɷͣźīţ֪⺫īǺҲ
ҵĳӣī̵Ľ
쳿ĸ硣
ʲô
ԭ㲻֪ݸңϻ͵ŰѺī͵˺ңҷϥӣΪ˼ĿຢӣȻǰһ֮һһŮҲûΪ˿īǸ쳿ʵҲǳϢǰѻȨ˻ѺīӻĮģ˼Ҫ˭֪ͱϹ˻ʳǣºŪҪ
ҪԼҲƵһɶĴǵУͲҲ𣿡
СòҵģԼúɣҪôȥȰȰɷͶ
ǰʡ
ЦЦţԼĴֻϹͦʧģɽ֮ȴҲܻס
̫֮˭ôķ
ɫһ䣬Ҳǿʶ 
Լѵûжһͷƾʵȫȡλ֮ˡ
治ֻҲ˵óڣ
ͳ仰ڴҲûͷˡ
СŮӼʶǳأү¡Ϸ¹ںүҲǼ¡
ҲûֶþͿǱ򿪵Ц´ǲǻҪٱֵļ㣿
ãϻβ͡
ٲôȤϴɾӵš 
үã
˳Ľķ϶ȥͿͷǸˡ
ʱˣСүأ
Сүӵͻһš
˫꣬͹ȥ
ǸӦһִҴܿˣ˾ǱѼ֮Ҳôü˳۵ʱ
Цʲô
һعͿĽһ˲˲Ķңôûߣ
ŶһοһĶԼôΨǴӣȤˡ
ͷ˵ĸӣòתˡ
ԶҲųغͷȻֱ 





 88 

ǰҴ˺ܾò֪ҪӦ
ôŪһʪ
ǱھȻ𣬲СıһͰˮ
ƾֻ㲻
ҼæӴȥɲҪ
ͰҹҲܶ㣬ǲڵݣ
Цҵıӣвãë̴̵ġ
ҪŪԼܡ
ֲºʲô
Ȼڰ·ʪ㲻ܣ
ô֪ȥ·Ҳʱ䰡
Ҳ룬ûطˮ˻ĵطסĵطչˡùӣҵ֣ȥԷԼ
Ҫӣȴһֶ㿪ˡ
ԣҲ̫ã˷ŻҵӦѾ¶
ôƭġ
֮ǰߵ˴ʱϢվſڣ֪ʧʱʩʲô˿֮ǰ˲١ǻɫӣϹ˷Կȥˡ 
ڹںүƤӵСҲס
˵⻰Ϲƽ鶯
˫۵񡭡ĽۿƬ̣СʱǷ۵ģô˷ˣ
ϹֻǣƤЦ֪·ϵ¶ǻˡ
ֻи⣬ʶ
ʶ
ͬ˵Ϲ
㲻˵СʱǷ۵ûô֪
һҪʶ
ǳϹ֮һҶµˡ
ӣתͷ˼ϿȥΪʲôô䣿
ؼҰɣĵúܡ
á
ƾһ˻һܳó
ΪʲôܣϹһʵĪı顣
ǣţ»
ôϻǷˣںүһûͣġ
ˣһĳ˺Ƥ
ҲͷεЦЦȻһңӴԾ˳ȥ
ûɼͣסˣͣٹĹ֮ϡ
ԭҲ֪Ϊʲôˣȥǰ˹˸ĺ⣬ˢˢĶߡ
ʲôģ
ͦġ
˼Ц˵컨׹ڸôճ
ʲôȷʵǳ岻ȥˡ
õǿ죬ٿа־£˸ķǵЦ
Ҫô죿
ȻǹԹԵ־ܡ
˵仰ǸոոϵĽ»ڣֶ൱ϡ
̾̾ϰԵû㵽һ֣ǧĹǻʹöˣûǧ
ȥɣǿ϶ȰѺһסġ
Լأ
ˡĲӣĴסΪ
ӵңָҴϷĿˮᡣ
Լ
ȴ֪һˮǧɽ





 89 

ҹ£ڷߣĵʼС˵ľҡ
ĹںүǸӣÿ춨ʱҪһǳʱеļҪڿ졣
үĶôеôͲҼ֮ôգ˵׵ֵľͲϡˣԪʱҪȥŵƶǲݲݴҵġ
뵽ҾԽС˵ľҲԽԽݡ
һôͻȻðۣ߾˰ɡ
̧Ƥ¶᲻ûʲô¶ģʲôë
ιôһүôӵĺòá
ȥ
СֱŤһ㲻ԣ档
ĵİ˵ɣǵʲô
ǲǿѣֻҪͷϾ
ⲻǿѣʲôǿѣǿ˵ˡ
Ҫһֱͷأ
ԶټϹˡ
˻һȱŵһûĳ̶ȣʱҾô˵ƤѾܳԽľ硣
ܲе㴴⣬ÿζ仰ͼһϹҷء
ļٵģ֮ǰѷ಻벻
ٵġӮһأ˵û꣬еúǲǣ˵ҪԪ˧ѵģ
˰ûӦŻ
ͬү˵˲
һ⣬һ۵Ŵ
̧ͷȥɫĽŮӯӯǴӻ߳Ůӡ۶ֱˣͲϡﻩĿˮˡ
ôˣĽعͷȥü΢¡
ҵ˭Ѻү˼ȥȻ
̡ѹͣȻô¡
Ҫˣʵʵ˵ҲǴ
ĸԣһûпȥԼֱˬȽϺθڡ
ҼĽҪڣ͸ǰ˻ûû߰ɡ
˵Ľ͵һͷ۾ϴ󣬲˼Ƿߺޡ
ҪƲȺȷƣĥҵÿģ
֪㲻ڷǰû̵ֻСİһȦҵ˵ı»Ȼ
컹ûůأȥǻңʱҪһʬкã
ʲôŪЩ£ĩ˻ܶˣ
ûֲûС
ãȻЦ岻ǹߡ
߻˵ɣǨһǵС檵棬ʲôš
üɫӰ׵࣬һ˫ȴǺݺݵضĽ
ҹˣүȥЪϢɡϵСˣߵű߹ӭͿͣ΢Ц
һᣬҷϵСˣǰֹһ䡣
ġ
һ˫ɫۺ⣬ͷѶϢѱ档ƫͷ̣ȥ⡣
ĿԶȥź̾˿ҹˮ߰
ĪҪģ϶Ὣһжźã֮ǰȥġ
εӴ⴫֮ߺͳˡ
ûҲˡ
ϵĴǲǵģصŨ̹ǡ
³ߣڱȥ￴ϸ׷ɣԶټ





 90 

Ϊ֮ĸжȴҲˡ
ͷϹڣ£̤ѥ˴һֻͷġ
Լ鲻˳ƫҪҲһϵұšüʲô
˵ģȥġ
үһΪֺҵġ
Ĭһ£ڶȷʵС£ԸҸıˡ
ţһȥģѵô̵Ҳͨˣٲס
ǰ㻹ǵڶȽϺʡ
 
ûŶҭ˵Ļ˵ĺòá
ǲǾ̫ϲ˵ˣ
ٶȱҭˣȡȿȡ
ӴСĵ㣬ôվһݸˮ˼ûУ˵Сʱ˹
ʱĽӴҵóһۣ˵Ը൱ӣҺץס˵Ļмֿмǲŵġ
ӰԵ춾ִֿ̱֪粻ߵغݼ¶ԲϹôĳԹпܲ𣿡߹ķϣۿҿȣ³һʹӵʧˣȴûߣӦҪģҪܾĥݵ˰
ԼԽԽˣֻΪЩؿھƵĶʹӿ
˵֮Ĺϵ׾ͿԭţȴǾãˡ
ҸðڸʲôأվҪǿˣôҲǰֳ
ô񣿡Щü˵ʲôвã
ᳶһЦҸ𣿡
š
ⲻͽˣôϻ̯̯֣ͷЩʹ
Ȼҵ°ͣ˹ǼűǼ⣬ûֻصɱ
һ˵עͲҪ㲻𣿡
Ӳԣϲ˭˵˭Ҫעˣ
ԸҪ˵˭ע⣬ǰ֮Žбֵһء
ߣ˵ҰĲκСҪĶҿԸ㣬һϹɡ
Ҫģ֪ҪʲôˣɫҿԼķ̣˵ʵҸͲԸǴ򽻵ҲǸ˼ˣԼλðɣСУ
˵˼Ҿģ㻹Ǹү
ӿڳ㶼֪ҿ㡣
仰뿪Ҿͺüûټֵ徲
ˮ治ԶҳܿСүվ̺ʯϣһվǰա
Ӱʱ⿴Ĳ̧Ų۾͸ȴǼȶͨ͸ľ
ϴҿʼʰ˳ɨһǮʲ
Ҫʲô
ֱ򿪣м˿ӷ϶ﴵ˽
˼죬ȥˣ˼Ÿ˳Щʲôȥܻû̧ͷھʵ
ĽͦǮģ֪ѹ֬࣬ﾹЩصĶҲûãͨǮҲδظ򣬻ʵڵӰ
˭ȥˣ
ͻȻһŲ˲Ծ̧ͷֻղŻվʯڴ˿ȴƵ˴⡣
Ṧ
ͷ۵ûʲô顣
ղ˵˭˼죬ѵ߻ˣû˼·شϵĶֲһ䣬ϵİҪܣϹ𣿡
ΪʲôǵõнŲԼ߰
ץУͻϾȥ̫ȫԸɴֱӳϣֻ˳һˡ





 91 

Ǹãһô˵ʹӴһµ˽
һʼΪʧ˺üλˣû뵽ڡϹèӣײˡ
Ҹɡ
ϾǶ˵ֻǸŴ˵һһ㲻˵۾˼𣿡
⺢ϹȻ£èذ
ңҪĽţҿɲҺù
ֻҪҺ˾ˡ
һǲҪķģһӵĻҡ
ʱ̫ͷʱ֣ǳԱɢʱ
һ˵ǽϵ˲Ƕϲҹж𣿡
Ҳ˵һ˵԰ҹʱڷΪʱƾںֻ̾Ӭɲ˵Ҫȥˡ
ԭ㻹еӵġ
ûأ
ѲΪÿζҹÿζɹ
ô֪
Ҳ˵ûôõṦ˷ѡ
˭̵㹦򣿡
һ˲ֻü̻Ṧ
˸ʵ⡣ĺģװģĴӼɽ̽ͷ£ǲҪ֪̫ȽϺãҿɲԸ̫ǣ
㲻𣿡
һɽƵһɽԽԽˡ
ʲôΧĲɵ˾䡣
°
סҴߵĶˣСһ˼ҪˮǲǣˣҪҹⲻȥ
ںڵתתһĹҴӹ
벻֪Ϲģ
ģҲûľѿڶ̧ͷͿ⺢Ĵ
Ҫ֪ҵǺܿµģұΪϹ⣬Ȼ˳ȥ֮ûµ˶һʧˡ
«ʲôҩüЩ
ҵǵһμһŮܰҵ
٣˲źá
ܰ
ͻȻһұһ
ʲôô죿æǽ˳Դ
Ӵ־ôŮ𣿡
ү
ոںסС˹ڹںʱվڵҲȥˣԲû̫ע⡣
ܴ𣿡һָŵܰƫͷҡ
ʲô书ܺã 
ǣ·Ҫźɡ
үү鷳
Ӿǳȥʮ·һȣǲ֪Ϲºڲ
·˹ںСҶ
ѡʲôҪһֵĿңתصͬһֵĵܰ
ôʻһ۾ͱϳˣ·ܶ໻̲أ϶޷ģҲ֪Ҫӵˡ
˵һһ㶵ģ˵ѵҵ龰Ȼ;Щġ
ֻں˳Ǿ͸Թܸˡ
Сһﵽǽģһ״ֲ»ڸǲסһư
šӦһȥģ
Ȼеطȥ
ȥģ
ͷбһۣôʲôĿģ
ҪôȸϹ䣬Ҿ͸ȥģƽס
ո˵ģɣʧ٣ô򵥾ܴˣСҲƭģޣôԼԼСˡ
ȻƲƲ첻˵ˡҲ֪治ãѹͲҡ
ϹбͱҴ㣬ȻԼŶҪˣһˮԼһʧңȥȢ־Ͳϡǰɣ





 92 

߳ȥ·һ·ںڷֵˣûһİԹ࣬˵ӸҾͷҲصˡ
ʱɣ㲻ȥ鷳鷳ҲԼճһ˦˦֡û߶ԶҾ֪Լ˸ˣҲԸۏ˻ˮƫƫ˲ϷŹҡ
ŵһͤȥЩͷˣҶϵҲ紵ԱˡһĻңҿŶûϢ
ӲͷƤǰ˵·ʵûסη֣ҹ

ֻпҶ֪ΪλѻϷɹɤӺ˼˲Ծһë
ڴ˿̫û£»ڣûҵץҪǸ˴ҹǸöӦ
˵ܻܲ仰ÿζ岻尡
߳һϮɫɴòƮݣһСаϷء
ôܵˣ
ɽбһۣǷûһ
ߵüëŶͷܲϳʦ
̣һ˫Ŀݺݵصɹ
ûô˳ӹںӳӷҪһӸµģңóʱӣҲʡҲٹ򡣡
һˣתͷܿ˿̡
Ϲأôûǲǣ
죬ûɾ;һŤʲôʱʼΪһҪҪĽɫˣ
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һ۾Ͳ㷭˵ģ㵽˽٣Ϊ˭ڣҲҪʲôһù˭
ңĽǸҲʲôӣҪЮϹġ
ڱǿ࣬ôʦͳɿ鱦ˡ˵ʦɶã۾ʹǼĺá
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ˣصյģʲô£
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ֶ˱ôɬĽһֱ֮βοֿʱ䳤˾ͻ⣬ôԤ׵ıδҲ̫ˡ
ߣöɡ
˵һɻңԼǺܲãƢôôЩǲĥ˵ˣִŵҲǻ۵ģõֻΪԲԼĹִˣ֤ԼҲ˳ҫ˶ѣǲ͵Ƿۣ
ôˣɫȻôףֹüʵ
Ľ˵ģⲻǱΪʲôϲңôҶҲɰɡ
ֶغݣһȥǼѪǵۣǸȴѽĶʹ
ι㡭
ûӮһҲûУͷβó׵ףǸЦЦ
ιͻȻ˳Ҷһһë
ɡʲôһƿֹҶԶ
ɹǷڳҰ׵ɫֹҲֵġ
˰ʵûʵ
䱻ң統ʹʹ
ֹϡĿһᣬȷҪ֪
͵̧ͷϻ
Źֵ˸һ£뿪ɽǲҡ
ҪɣԶġ 





 93 

ȥĺԶԾûֹ
һȥһֱߣܵ¾ǴĮˡĲܣܵĮȥɳӰ
˸١ŷֹȻմˮд
һߡ
ԾĿңҵȻ֪Ϊʲôдøҿ˵˵ĻٵȴҪô߶˵˳
ʵҪߵȴǹ֡
һ·һȴҴһ·ϴԼֵС֡
ôúŪ𣿡
Ҳɡʲô飬㲻ɣģһͷԶһԶԶء
ѾҲˡ
ôͻȻô
ЩҪ
ŶǸϽ߰ɡ
ıӰ죬ԾʮĲԾ
֮ҪʲôֹһᣬҪôǺһ
ҲʼĮԵڱǣδв֮Ͷȥǵǰ·
һۿȥʱʲô˰ſȸͳҡУһ¡
ڶǲòΪ˽ʵʵǰһ̻εΣֻ̧ͷ
֬ңӣɫ°ͣ׼һӡ
֮
𣿡
һЦһʢµҫĿַϸš
ǡۻǾһκΪϵ֬㡣
ôǿϧˣҾҪˣֻһˡ
Ϊʲô˳ȥ
һһЦǲãȲΪҪ㡣
ƳֹĬţΪͷԿı顣
ͿԹˣת治ͳˡ
գ۽Ĩɴ⵹Ǹ⣬ֻ˵Ҫ׸֪ء
Ǹ̫ģͲ۰
ðɣʵ˵ɣλҼҷˡ
ָֹ̧ͷһȵĵҡ
һҲĳֹȥŶʧʧ
ֹǣǿĳһ΢ЦҪжΡ
Ǹһ۵˱һ˲ĲڣһֱȻ϶
ڿ˵˰ɣ
ȴǸʧЦҳþôױ׻𣿡
ҷӦ˺ܾòŻζǸ֩˼
ֱ˵һʼϳ˲ͺˣһȦͲۣ
һʼͳʡࣿ
һֱðа𡣻УҪѧҵ˵
˵Ҳûʲôɶ˵ˣϽ߰ɣҾǰһҲûϵ
УȻҾ͵ø㡣
ֱѾ챻ڵѪˣ㵹ʹ˵
عκɤӣ㿪ڡ
ʵ
˵úһβͣҺֹ쳤˲ӱһǳٳٵȲġ
ʵʲôˬɲɣûôˣ
ѽǰߣ˴ĮҲϹ
ʲô˼ҺɵĳֹһۣĶ㿪ˡ
ţ˵Ҫʧˡ˵ҿǺò֪Ĳֻ֮֮ܵأһء
һҾĿ
ʲôˣ
ƲЦӨĹ졣
ˡ
йĸͨϰմһĿȸͨ˼óýǮƶѳʣ
úÿ·һ϶ֱӻˡ
Ҫץҷƾһˣ
ô𣿡 
ĪţĽ˼ֱһޡ
ˣĽ
ϲϵĽ
ںү˭ϵá
ôͲ֪ȻԼĽʲôϵⲻص㣬صϹڶң
ңҲû뵽ô죬ڵҲңҲû֪
ҰΣһ˲һ䡣
Һֹˢˢתͷֵһۡ
ʱֻθһķ֮ûúóԹһٷ





 94 

ݲ֪ꡣһźƤ˵һƷ㣬Ρ
ԼҷĶ˶ֺƤҲ޸ˣɺ˶˵ֻǾа۹ۡ
ǰһӲҾûθڣ֭Ƭңֲǿѵõϡ档
㲻𣿡ߵһ񣬾ǲҲǷʮ㡣
ûθڡ
ҲգֻƵؽ˹ĿʼԷ
֪Ŀǰںδ𣿡
ҴھŻɽի𣬶ķٲɽֲ¡𰸣⣿
Ȼʵкοɲġжûϵˣ
Щˣʲô
ԱóϸϸĲ죬쿪ָһһĲȥ
Ǿ˵⼸ʲôͲ֪
˴һ飬پ
ô
㵽˭
֪Σûô»һѵĻ¡
㲻֪Խ˵Խ׹˵ĺǹġ
ǿһЦı飬ãҲʣƾʲôҪҵ
ȻзϢҲһʱ
൱ᣬƶǰҳһ
ƫƫһһĹԹԵصȵ硣
ԶĲӥӥУƷ·ܽƿ
̧֣ӥͣϣȻ׶
ӥúһСָСԲͲһСֽƬ
չȥԭö˶˵һֽգۼ˷ĩƮɢȥ
ʲô˲üƫҪ޸Լҵĳˣʧ
һ飬˺Σգ
ղǷš
Ŷݳдġ
ʶҴ磿
˵ȴĬˡ
ϹҲȥ׷ˣ֪ȴҪɽܣǲڶ㣿
ĺĺҺݺݵһۣȴȫ޸оȻʹЦš
޹ء
̲סϷ̣浱Ը㣬ͷ˭˭û˵
ⲻ򵥣һɢáֹߡ
ֹңһͻȻð·ˣ˵ˣ
ˣֹҲˡ
˵ʲôأֹ˼Ŀ
ʲô˼ϵģĽĽ߱ͶΪԼĸ󷽵٬Ĺ𴽣˵㱻ҽȵˣ滹һ׼˼ǲǶˣ
㡢㡢㡭Сһҵ㣬ˣѪˣ
Ѫڣܿŵۣ˼ӣСںòá
˫Ӱˣʱ˿ԺĵһӦ
һݣҡԶİһˡ
۾תô죬ڴʲôС⣿һ˹ƵĶҵͿ
ﵽɽ˵ҲҪһ°ɣ֪ͲӦòӡ
Ҫ׷ȥüЩ⡣
ˣ˫ӰǷǮأҾȻôҪ¶ˡ
ι
Һӵĳ׵Σյһ˫һۡ
ߣҪ㡣
߿һæֻ֣ľҪĳǻ
ڰգôˣɫͻȻ׳





 95 

ʱѩеһжںصİɫ֮£˪ѩ÷Ҳ޷չ֦յ졣
Ǹվڰѩǵ£ѩϷճһź֮Ӱͬˮһɾֻ֮еʱͷһƬհףӦֻʣ۵ѩɫ
Ҳ֮ͿʼģòڿرǺ˵
ǲ֮ǰġ
ǵΪ⺢ϹȻңʱҴֻԩ޳ΪҪɱ˰׺Ŀ⣿ճճúܽǸҲԼӸߣһ·β˹ûгȥΪӴ˿һɫСǺӵģԭضãǺЦúܿģ䵤һ£ƯĲˡ
ӵ˼֣۵ĴһÿĻȣȻǺӨա
һೲһֻӻûüѧ裬ĶѩͻǨĲִ٣վ
ǺӺǸ֣ʬϵͬʱħ䱻ƣͽһԺѩĬ
̶̵˲䷽۵һж߸ϢĸоͻȻ֮ôＴʹܶණģˣֻֿѪǵϢУÿÿհ
ͻȻŤɲ˿ӦʱͽǵӺݺˤ£ʱӰŭºǱ
ϧûлͷҲûпԭذһѪȾ޵Ҫ忪˪ӭһַ·ܽ۾Ѫ졣
ľĶǣʹǶѪֱܿ˴ѩ֮УȴһּԵѪ֮˽ݵػһӡ˼ߵ۵ס
Ծ˺˼ҲΪ̼ҲΪǺϵ֮еһᵽʲô¡
ӦҪӵģɲ֪Ϊʲôֻž˸ƵһֱǸ뿪һ޷ƿҲ޷ԼĽš
˵̫ΣգҪġ
ʱԼôѾˣֻ֪һعʱѾ˵˵Ǿ仰
ֵûʸŪ֡
˳һ䣬պһеĿʼ
ҵȻûע⵽Цĺ壬вҴ
صҪ֮ϱһȴ֪ǽΨһļֵĨɱˡҲǺܾ֪֮£׹ġ
û֮ǰһȾôһ㲻֪Ҫ֪ͼģͻҵͷЦ˵ͬƽʲôԼݡ
ʱֻֻǿϧôһϣʹ˷ѻΪãһæǺ«ô
˴磬ʱ˭Ҳ֪ЩЩ¾ΪǺ«˶õľ
ݼҵŮԼǧ谮һòٻ󣬿Ű裬ƤԣҸ
ϲǴʵ
һ̹ǵĺҲһͷ۾գĿǰĵӰת뿪ڵȻ޲
ôᣬֻʱȥɱˣʱڼ಻ɾ
֪ûпҵ飬ֻǱһطͬƽһ˯¡
ڶʱǸӺʱ·
ָֻģƺ޲ҲһβʱǸֺԤ׵ǰˡ
Ĺ⾰ûøԽĲ԰ˣ˿˾һǰܵĸо
Ҽǵǿȥ˳С
ҼҵˮǸ׿ģǮû
һĺȴԹݵͬɲҴ벻Լҵĳ
ߣʲôĴѾͷ
һοͬ˵۵ѹúܵͣϵľҲ൱ˡ
ǲ֪ڼʣҵôҡ
Ҫȴ˿ڣҪݺݵؽҿǲ̣ѪĳԼǰĿ˿ڣҲô¡
̫ˣȫû˿ڣƤȴǴ⿪ʼĸãʱҸͲ̵ʶʹࡣ





 96 

֣Цһ졣
ݳ̵̺ˣԭȰ㶪ȥסϹû뵽㱻סˡ
綼ˣܶҡ
ǰɡ̧ͷʣŵúԶԶСǾ˼ӾԨƵطʱ벻ֻϧ֮ҲüҲգһݳȿ˿ڣһж⣬οͲ㡣
Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪ仰˵Ǿˡ
ûУһ޵׵ĺڶֻҪ룬ת̤һͻٲܼȶԲԣһæȥһѿɺã
ͳɳƵ£ͬʣڶߣ֮ȥ 
Ϊʲô֪Щ
Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪ
Ҿеһðɺðɣֻ仰õ̫㷺ɶѡ
ش𻹲ǵûشˬϻǵġ
㵹ĺϲСӣϧΥݳԾͰԼˣһʱ嶯³㲻᲻֪ɣ
ֻҪϲͻὫҵ߷Χڣԭôԭܼ򵥣׵ЦĵزΪɩıѣɩҲ⵽Ǹ˽˵ıѣ֮Ҳٻһֱû䡣Ȼͳ˵³ǺܲҵģҪԹԵģһҪ֪𡣿˵ǴһִģСʱǰݵģûɹ˵붼û˵ĻʲôȻǺȥ¡
ԭɿڵǺ«µĹȿּɬ
ˡ书߲ߣҳһֹС˵
ղżһֽƬеӵˡ
׼ֹܸɴĻش𣬻һۡûɱ
⵹õģȻҸҪɱңôˡ
ֹ˵ҵĿɵûԲͭ塣
ˣҾӵļж󣿡Ұǿ֣˵æһ£ȳ
һ𣿡üĿ͸źܴʡ
ʲôҾôֵţ
Ǹ˵û
Һֹ۵С۵ʱһг˽ 
ֹüǼԸһѽƵԶ
ҲûϻͷһķӦʹṦ˵

ɫӰƮȻ
ղŵĻ㶼ˣ
Ĭһᣬͷ
һֲȫ㱨ӣʹҲΪһơ
һ࣬ź߷治ϰߡ
ҲҪȥɽҲҪȥһɡ
ϣ
˵⻰̫ƽˣЩת䡣
Ȼ׹ĵһ뷨ǣȻϹ䳦ӱ˭࣬Ǹһ˶һ
ģֻҪҼͳˡ
εǲԥ̾͵ͷ
ֻǡ
ʲô⣿ֱ˵
Ǻʱǵģ
ΪҴóһǰ˻ΣҺֿ֮ĴæʱǲιһʱûǵôܵȵȵʹһжǼǵй㺮ɢĶ֪İͽں¼Ṧֻ˰ɡ
ʵ˻ʱҪϵĺá
ô˵
Ҳ֪ǧǰǰɵһϰ͡ʱͻҹҹĺȾƣÿηֻһԭͨʱû˸Һ;˵վһԲĽǰûʲôıŤһ£뵽ĳЩΪֲĶһ˲̹ǵľ⡣
ҪһΪӿֻ¡
ֻ¡Զزͷˡ





 97 

ӳǾǹɽ룬һ֮أѩ׷ɲչ⣬˺˼
Խɽɽûɡ
ǵġ
֮ǰ˭˵֮ɽģ
ɽĳϿڡ
Ͽȣôû˵ɽ֮һƬߵ
šӦһһǳһŵںİѩϡ
طǰ̧Ҷˣ
ҹ˼аҧ˴ӲǶźӿ˽١
˼·кð˳ɲŸ϶ͷһֶ˪Ͼͽһ㱡
ˣڶ߲ɽ±ȥɣ
㲻˵ҵһۣҲĬˡ
ʵЩҸûúϢҪӦĽ˵Ҫȥӵʱ·ߣοͱϷҪ䣬˵Բһ˯ʱڡ
Ȼѩ֮Уڹϴ΢ůѬһ˯
㱼ǰһζĶããѩɫ̰ΰʣһƶϣҴҶִҴҶȥϸǰİɫȴѽڰɡ
ɽ̫ͥԺɭŽ䣬ƽ𲢲ʢÿвٰɽʥߣԴҲͿάһˡ
ڻֻǴĩģʱ̫úܣҹ֮徻Ŀ¡ͷİأ֪ηصضһӸңʵů¯̼Ҳδ˯á
һҹʱļ뿴Ҳֻ粻ͣ͵ĺƣдδϵĶëѩ
ۼˣ䵫ʱʱ˯һۣ˭֪Ȳ˯ܣﳿʱҾ;ͷһʹ
ҹû˯ã
Ҽҵĵһ仰ɼɫжˡ
һ˻֣ʾϽ·û˵
Ϣһ
ϢһҪֻ۾ɣͲنֱӱҹɽ
ɽȷʵ˲ʱ䣬ɽƺܶѹ˵ϵɽǳΣա
ΪѩɽӦǵף뵽ɽȴ˱ذѩʻ澰һȥǸָеģҪ˵ռͷı޵Ķž顣ЩڵϵģʱҲһƬһƬ֦һ𣬰׵ֽɴģģһģ˪ģĻĵСĻ綡㣬һ˼ͥ԰䣬ȴįѩɽ⿪š
ѩɽһĲݵ飬ÿ괺ůʱɽҪձŸͷţȺţݵ
ǰߵ·ܿһɽȣľɭɭϪȵȪĺӣˮӡ
˵ŰˮӱϵĺˮߣǳϿˡ
ʱ֣б԰ѩȾĨһɴƶϼɹ֣Ͽƣһѩʪ˵͸
Ṵ̃Լпߺľһѵľ˭뵽ɽ󻹻ΰĵط
һƬͷĶžŽĸ¥ûǧıڼ̤ûսֻиҵݻ
δ¥ϸ
¥һɾϮŨ̱ǣЩů㡣
ƿŵǰһ˲ͻȻûɵĸе˽ţָⴥʱЩһ
ʱ̫ɽɫδҲûеƣԿȥֻõʵİӰ
վſڣľǰδеÿ졣һ̤ȥûվȾ͸еһǲȵʲôʶץסʲôסӣֻߴƿײʲôҲûץԻǱ˵ϣֻõȥʱжĵҵĺԡ
ɴһֱӰ˸ҲͰˣƫƫʹᶼ쮳˿ʶ쳣
ʹ﷢ͻȻ˵ƹ⣬Ǹϰ˺ڰ۾һʹǱɱ˵Ķˡ





 98 

۾˺һӦɵۿǰˣһɲĸеԼͺûˡ
ޱվţֻ˼°ɫĵ£߹յӡ쳨ǴӦǹɢҵǱǶ׶
ڲ׵ֱҿ˺ܾãȻĺڷŴ£ɢһ㡣
ָĴȻ⻬˿ϴ΢ںܾҼԼ޹İ
ԭһǺȵġ
ૣ߷һԳЦǱһȻ 
⻰Ҿûˣĥ˻׹ΪԼǺأ
һѵģ˭֪ûƺýǶȣֱֳ̫ͣӾײĶͷ

ҪôƣҲ֪ʰŪصľƹޣôͺȲ㣡ײϸü΢壬ڵã𾪣Ͳ֪㿪ų书ֺܺݣҿȫǷƨ
ѾǱڵ״ˣҾ۵ܣԽԽƽЩﶼϹģ
ﻹίղűĵĵطʹ̧ͷҾʲôԹԶˡ
֮ǰ֪ʱؿڶʱһƣͬİһ㡣
ȻѾﵽĿģαػҪǧ˵˵ǣЦֹأһõļֵ
ұ÷£̣һ·ӱƤĵףѪʹ
ݳ̲ôɡЦԽʢޣϸķ˸űĹĴʮ̣һθͷôΪһǵڶλ᣿
϶㣿
˵ûСµ˹ͬʱҲҵ°ͣĿԸҰ֣СһʱͬķģôˣʵǱǸۻహ಻˻ǲֵ
ϵľǣȫɢűŭҴûмϹȷȷʵʵǱŵˡ
ϹйôŮˣôֻһӣΪԼΨһλԼδĵ֪ܵʲôоҲûϵʲôһϰҲľˣͺһʵͲϲҡ
ʪůľǼ⣬һսУҾе㲻ֳܺŵأһ̹ӵ˳
Ѿ޸ˡԼ
¶˳˭֪Ǻ«ʲôҩ
ŵĸо治ζ仹Ϊ׽ˡ
˵ʲô㶼ǲǣ
ǡ
ǵ侲̸ɣˣϢ
žֱһƿˡžžһһӵľƿѿ
˵ı飬ӦǸ൱׳۵ĳ
ˣ
ľ˵ŭȣεӰͳſڡ
СȥԷϢ
Ǽѹ֣ļ̵ĲҲԾ֣һƬʪ
ιҵʱҼվǰԺΨһӡ紦һɫѪӡɫȾذ׵ȴۡ
ϵô£
εͷ࿿ǰһ㣬δ¥ĵƹĺܰıҿ塣
ˡ
ܾﲻԾ˵
˿˲ȥ𣿡
½ŲֵĿһۣ˵ڴ¶ûϹҩҲûаΪִʮΣδαϸ⡣ǰ챻˼߹ǣ⼸û
ǰϿǻһ˼ĥҪôûע⣬ϸһ£ȻĻ̻̣ѹֵա
ҩδ¥ͻȻ˹ոձһǸŪˣȻôĸγˡ
صȹתس壬ղ̬ȣѱԷʲôõط





 99 

ܺ񣬻һһıѩز˶¡
Ҫȹů࣬Ͽȵںɽ֮УҹһһƤˡ
ƫƫЩ˾Ͱսޣֻһ¿ϲ˵ŴŴ磬Ҳ͵ĺòã
ľζȸղŸΪŨˣǰŵİ޵һ̲ɫѪգе齵ұߣŵʰ쵵һص·ϸܷÿһȾûע⵽ʱ򲻾ʲôһ˺Ȼ;ҵľƮһ˿ζ
㾫Ө׵Ľ׸̽ϣڻƵĹӰм͸
°ڱ紵ķʴǳǳ죬˳ȥѪɫŨ˼򴦼ֱǴĿģ
һ˫ͬͿŨŨīɫı飬̫Өǵ財
˭ܰϹ˵̶ֳȡ
㲻ҪϢ𣿡Ų԰׵ĴʹҲҪıŤ
Ϣ˹ҲʧѪˡ
߹ȥڹϣ۵ʵʵġ
ҲҪͬͿۣһȥ۵׾ҪĿɬ
԰׵ĺһ飬ұһᣬûпƺ
û뵽ݼһֲַľׯҲȥֺ쳿ǲǣ
û뵽һỊ̃һвŵ
ʶģǸʱҪǱֵĺԣҸŲжüֵ϶ǵʱȥˡ
ʲôֵĺԣ
㵹ǻصʣ죬ͻȻúܾô˵óڣ
˿ҩĶ
Ȼۣĺˣʲô
סϥһ˾ϵȥնղס

ߴһƺߣôصѹȥ϶ǳ˿ˡҳͿϸϸüͷһ𣬲԰׵ðһ亹ҶʱǱõ˵ӣ۵
ҩòã
ãȻشҵ⡭
ʹ˻ţ㲻ܣ
ֹ˰ɣͬ𣿣
죬ǵɼǵĵˣ˿Ѿãڱߺ׷ϣŧˮѪˮ˿ڴ
һʱûסʧһžµ˭µôݵ֣
ֹһʹĴɫףһ亹
ҵһתͷ䵹Ŀʼҩ
˰յʱֻҵһƿߣȻûϰҩôҲʱֹѪ
ϽңҩʱӦҲֻšüȻһԡ
ˣε̵סһ߱Թһߴ¹óµ·ϡ
תȥˮ˳ʰһ£ȴͻȻס
ʲô
۾ˣü΢壬ЩԹߡ
ĿһᣬֱϵԽԽüͷԽšԽҲ׹
ȿȡҶ㿪ۣһ¼ӿ죬о˵ɢ˿Ǹһμʱ㱻йȥҴУҴѾǶҪɱͷΪ֮ǰʯԺҿʱ
Ȼ󣿡Ƿܰ򲻿
ȻСʱǺҰɣʱû˸ҵҵôĿŵĶұֳԭֻǾòϰߵҲûģ˵Ҫһˣ˭֪㡭ôôôŤûͬûп㣬ֻÿο;ﲻƾʲôһûоһܣԽԽ鷳ô֪ϰߡ
ʱҵ뷨ܼ򵥣ǣȻҲ㡣
˵ǲң˵ʵ̫ˣ̲סһ֣û
ϵɣղˤû
ûۡ
˭µ֣˻ȥǵ˵ɡ
ʰ£ˮ
ͷۡ
ڸ㶨Ⱥӻˣ۵ҹǺ





 100 

ȵһжʰ׵ů¯Ѭ㶼ѾǺҹˡҸɴҲ˯ˣԿ˯һֱ
ε˱ȽأûмʱҩϵѾȥྫʹȻ˯ò̤ʵһѡ
Ҵñӣֻûӱÿпۡ
˯ɣȥŪԵġ
˵˳˺Ⱦƺȵúڿ죬Ҳڹŵĵڡ
šһ˯ˡ
δ¥Ҳһϲ䣬һֱҪߵ츮Էܿˡ
˴ȦӲߵûžŵһ˱ǵζ̲סҪʳָ󶯡
ʲô
˱һ̧ͷ˻Ӧǳʹ˹ͷ
࣬Ѫġߵδ
Ŷʹţʵ㡣ôԶȶ˹ȥˣʲô
ϲζͶ͹ȥġ
㻹Ҫã˾ΪϤ
Ͽҩˣ
ţһҼƿϰҩ
Ȼһ䣬Թ޵۵ҡ
㲻߹ǣʹ죬ʲôң
веĺܹɵĳӣϺȻһ˵ϵ¡
ϵĵ˭Ūģ
㲻֪
֪
Щ㻹ԼĺãЩһҪ˵زҪ˺ˡܽչһĨǳЦתۼҪһΣҿɲŹ㡣
ҪһΣԼŹԼӣұۡ
ʧж󣿡
ׯʮˣ˲ھǲͬ죬ϻ˶پѪھׯҲ֪ɡСʢ࣬߻ЦĻȣׯֻоϺĸ֪֮ôҪΪ˳䲻⣬˭֪Ǹʡ͵ĵƣݼǶû˽ģô̽ģȻ֪Ǹǵϵ⵹ҲͰˣܹ¹͵߻ҪĿ࿴ˡ
ѵͲ
üǲ֪ôģҪûӡ 
ȻҴһ˱ûôȷ͵ߵģ
õָžϵʱ׿˵һˡ
磬У˵֮ǱҴŪ˵ģҼҪгһˡǸǲǣ˭
Ӧ㲻֪δҲ̫ˡ
Ǿ϶Ļ죬ðҲ˰ɡŭƽΣ㻹ǴȥԷҪϢ
һ£㡭΢΢ü֮治ϵã
֮ǲ̫ӣûиҴ£ˣô˵ѵλ 
ûкīȻҽ¶ˣֻ˳Ŵķչԭ뿴Ϸȴ롭ǧû㵽ͷϡ
۾֪ǷŭĻţҾЩ
ѲΪҴͨ磬͵ߵĻ 
ûܡ
Ҳ˵ˣֻ֪
ԸԸȨ˵ƾıȻ֪
˵˰Լ˵󷴶ƵԼͷϣʲôưͳԻҽᵽˡ
˵Ǿǲǲǣ
ͷŵϣĬ˻ſڡ
ô㣬ֻ֪ÿһγ¶Ǻйء
󻤷Ҹȥˡ
һ̤ӡڱԿı飬һ£漴üͷšĽЩһ۱㲻ͷĻ֡
ˣҪʲôԵ𣿡
Ҫˣ߰ɡ
һ仰µƵòˣȻʵûҲ̫ˡ
󻤷Ҳһ˼Ϊ˾ϣο˵Ļ̶˲ضһ
ҲŲƽϡ
˵ô˵ʼջð˸񣬲ǲܵġ





 101 

лҪ˵ֵͬѧ~ ^-^
˫ַϸճ¯һ~Աл~
صϸʱѾˣһ¿ϣɫڴ⺮Ĵ¸Բ԰ס
㲻ǲǣҳȥһѽŹϿ۽
ڵķû˷֧֣Ĵ£ס
һԼô׾Ϳ޵һˣڱǼܡ
֮
ң㼸֣ ̧ͷˮôһ㲻㣬ֺȻǲǣ
㡭ۣǼ˵
ұһᡣָ֣˳¡
ðһѴ֡
㶣ЦԲҲû㡣
˹Ҷ㿪Ŀ΢ҧûѪɫĴָҵ䡣
ǹֿԣóԺסҪ
°ͻȻһûԤϣ˾ͱϵ
ϱһ˫ֿ۵ϸӸһ
桭ָһңĽ
⣬ղסڵƢһû䡣
棬ˣΪʲôǵˣƾʲôһ¾ҲԣͲǱд
Խ˵ԽίԩҡϹȻҵƢôã̵ڲű
ī˸һ£̾ñָȥ۽ǵĹ̡
ޣһҾûͷñǼҲӣԲ𡭡
Ҷ߲ƣһһŪĸס
ϸָòӿˮɴษôһһСĵȥ۽ǵᡣ
ǰһģһĹ߲һǿ·ϽȾĺΡ
֮ϵˡ
һ仰û˵꣬ͱһ˫Ĵסˣʱ䴽㡣
һ£ϵͼӽһ֣Ǿͼһ㣬ʵûŷſҡ
ҲòȥϢҵĺ·˫ȴȵĺʱ
ֻ󶼷ϵ
ۣ˿ſҡ
¸ҩּ׺ʵ·ϣιԹ緹ͣ
ô죿
סⲻ𣿡קҵֿʼ
ⲻ˵Ļ
Ц»Ҫһͷô죿
һ治ᣬܰϹŶûˡ紵ˣ˸Ϳˣ
ʲôЦָԸˣΪҶĴ٣ܰɡֲֶûϲ㣬һ㡣
̲סڼ˵֮󻹾Լ˽ζ˰ٿҲŽе˲ԾҸո˵ʲô
΢΢Ҳ˵ֻŴЦüĿ䲢δ൱㡣
Ȼ˳˳ž˵ˣݣΪôͻȻˣΪһ
ˣʲôʱȥ
ϲһ
Ҳǣֲǲ֪ܲס䣬ҪΪҲŲ̤
ϣʧˣһĳܲ𡭡
Ҽϣ΢̾ϢӶߴżľ⡣
û¾ͻЩеûģ۲۰ü鿪Ѿǵ֡
ۣҿƲˡ
ֵҪ̾ˣ֪֪ҪǳԵС㾿ôܷģ
ʱ̶ߡ
ΰ㣡ƿϵˣҶˡ
źһϣҶûԷء
˳ƵϣߵЦݲڳ£֡
͹ͱȥˣ䡣
ֳͷ֧ɫϣ֮ǰʧѪ࣬ɫǺܲ԰ףȴΪƣ۽ǱһӡĵĿ¡
ҿſž񣬵ҷӦʱԼѾȥˡ
ԡһ죬ɾͰ̻ϡ 
㲻˯᣿
ҡҡͷղûˣΪˡ
˾бܣǰǼ̱ƽһ仰Ū﷢¡
ҪٸҶлɣŲҧ㣿
΢һ˿ǳЦ©˾ڳЦҡ
о仰û
ʲô
ϸָһûһµҵָڣ˫ƺĵľôһƣʴǷ飬˿˿Ļꡣ
ĵҲ
һּѹúܵʹЩ΢ɳƣҸҴƱ˰ٷ֮ڿҵĶ 





 102 

ͷģ;дĿı̣ů紵ͶչǲỤ̃и˵㡣
ʱɽˮģ͸ûһ˿ƲʣȽɫĹ޼ɵ֦ҶһƬ߲Ѥ
͸ļ˿ߣϣ۳ҫ۱˵⣬ֱӡϵĺ߹Ѫ
ˣ۾ֱˡ
·
ԭеϵһ㶣龹Щ͡
ʲʲô
̫ˣҲֱ飬ȻҾȵҧͷ
ʲôأ
ҺܲЦ˳Ҫء
Ҫ㻻ҩ뵽ȥˣ
˺һᣬ漴Ʋͷ԰׵ɫ
׼Ц죬ƵЩģ
ţ˵ʲôҴװû
Ŀһݵɹҵ̱ȥȵĽë
ҩʱ۲ңһֱŤͷҲ³ 
ϣӳǵˡߵͬʱҲͣ
ǣ³װģĿһֵԵĻ˼£һֹôôȡ
Цϸü΢壬ĿźۼɨһȦܣŵҵ֡
Цѵޣûеô˵ЦøлҲǡ
Ҫڿ޵óν
˾֪ҲǰһΰᣬԿ˵ôɡ
Ҿͺޣôûۡ
ӳĳ˳׺Ȩı߻оµǧˣ˵Ѻһ֣ûг
õھֵˣ
Ϊʲôô˵
ȻԼҵھֲƫҪӸǧ֣
Ѿҷϵھͳʷˡ
ɣΪңȥˣ
Ҿͳôɱ˿Ǹ˻еģȥФĳ˵ȵˡ
ŶҪʲôڣ 
ڡ
㻹Ҫڣ
ͷ΢򣬡˶ð¡
ʲô£
ΪԼʤȯյʱͻȻи֧㱳ͱһ㣬ô
ȫҡ
㱻ˣЩĶʳָҵĶͷ
Խô˵ҷԽǾô۵ǸΣˣëûһкùӳԵġ
ߣûһƭĻҪ¥ͶĳǰȥģµľֵطˣɽҲٶ
ǰݼңǾ͸˻⣬ԶΣա 
ôô˻ڼƽ£˵Сּǳϡ
˵źӳЪһڶһͱĳ˴ӱڳӵϡ
еĶ˸ӵͷʦ߳ȥһ·Ҳ̫ƽ
ԽǽӽԽǾûʲôĳЩ˵˾ͱȽ鷳ûеõʱĴڱҪرСĸҪྫȥ»ʲô󻼡
Ͼ¥ǳ¥ߣ¥򣬸÷ͨҫƻãǸ˼ϲȥľ¥ҷ
ΪƹǣһЪţû뵽ôö֮Ľ˳ǣס¥
һȣס𣿡һƿ㣬ֱƿڽɫĹͨ͸
صĽ񱣬һҲû˵ôòá
һĽô죬ûֻŹԼӵ˵Ŀؽ
ǧֵǮͲǰµģ¥¹ڱûʲôɵĵġ
ɫһͬɫɴ£ڴϣܽʰҶ䱻ů紵Ĳۣ͸һȦʵĹתӯӯˮƻ¡˭㽾ҲʵǱʱ
¹ϵĲϵжٲҵ
ͷ˺һᣬˡ
жٲƲأüͷԾ¡ 
ٲԴɡ̧۶Լǰ鷢һ޹顣
ûȥ׬ôǮʲôתȥ̼־޸
ƿһ٣߹һĪĻȣྦྷ¡
һҪҪ
ۣ˹ġ
ʲôĿģִң
ʲôΪ㶼ô㣬㲻Ҳġ
˵Ӧ˹̫ͣʱԵͻأˣĶԿ˻ᣬЩյšüͷȥ
ʱղͣȥĲ̫ĸһһֱ˸еԽķꡣ 





 103 

еͷʱҾѵҲ̫ƽ
ǸӰڿһ˵ĴʹŹ⿴궫ҪָһһϸȥϰߣԼһҡеɴһ۾֪˭ˣ˴벻¥ϵ
ÿô˷ܰɣһⲻȥġ
ֻⲻȥ˵˭أ
ôģ
Ȼ߽Ŀ
ʲôֹأ
ںүСָͷһͶͱȥˡ
ǰ䡣
ѵʵʵ˵Ҳԣ
ôܻĽܲ˵㿿׵ģ
˿ùˮ˼ڣ̧ͷӣɫıһﺬЦ⡣
ôͲˣ˵ϴ
֪ΪʲôǸ飬˵仰ͺһ̿Һڣ̲ȥ²
˵¶һҾ֪Ц
˵㵹˵˵ʲô
һ˲漴Цǧģô¥ﻹûˣȻǹȥдæˡ
㻹Ļ˵˵
ſںȻһȻӢ
ͷӢüһֻһı仯ȴ񿴼˵⽣ӰҴӹ
Ϊһİ
ٺľȻʧõ˫Ӱô쵽һ·ȥˣ
ǲҪϢҲҪ˯ˣ
Сߵķֱ߲ԶĿ϶ң˫Ӱ˳˵Ǿ仰ʱŸҽŴܱżһسһŵεӣһƬ˵ǰ˵ңбӦġ
Ȼ˵ߵƢ꣬ź򣬵һҪ鷳Ѹ㶨
˯˯˶ܵܵˣǼǳ԰׷ģ
Ӣڵس˵ûϰߣϲֱȭ򣬷򲻽ڧ˵üѪ
ѿߵӣҡͷЦµӵҲòȥ
ղŻ׶ҪĲߣڿ˺һᡣ
ô£
㻹˼ңȲ˵ˣˮӰӶô£ôʵóڣ
֪¥ݵʱвУҪǰ¥Һò׺˯˵˳ѣΣ
߾µü̧ۣ־ͼסӢȭͷô˳֡
ʲôûˮӰӣ˭еӸְء
Լȥ
˵ҪһţԤϵôһУһƾͰӢ鿪ˡ
ȥˣû뵽ôá˵վ͸Ĳɴжİ׹⴩Ѥֻׯ˵ǳϵе㱾£
ȭͷաΪǲŪģͷһȴӢ
бǺõ͸ܴ⣬鷳һЦţǺܡ
Ȼ鷳ͰѶ֪ܵ˼ҵĶҪ˵ġ
һȻһУҧݿɫ
ʲô˵ʲô˵û˽̹𣿡
кˣҲҸˡ
ľҲɵ񡣡¶۵ʱ̧̧°ͣһȻɡҲ
⻰üȫΪ벻ġ
Ѿǹ׶ˣͱظ˳ɲɣ
һ˫Ӱһҳһŵ·һ߲˵һҴڸС
ʲôˣ
·˲ס˫ӰȻ̧ͷʲôˣСүҶϵûҳ죿
üëֻֻв̨Ķɫϲ˵Կ϶Ҳϵ㡣 
˵ĿĽֱһģӿ̳ģžϻ
ۿӢҪһסҪȥӻ˯
ӢıɲתΪ죬۾ңûӦԱߵĲ߾Ѿжˡ
ȻҲʡ͵ĵƣȻȫȻ׳һ˯ʲôٿ϶˳ˣο˵Ĺ򻹲ò
ڲߺӢ˵ΧҲã˻Ū󶯾Сˡ
ϤĲ¥£ɢһ㣬ҵ֬ζһѹȥ
̧ͷƾУڳֱͦıһ·ʣ˳ſȥˮɫ°һ˫Ө֡
žµûʲô飬ձи𴲻δüȥĺΣüǳ̣ŨܽëͶһӰģ񣬳Ѫɫıϣ͸
˶ʱԱǶʱһϰߣǲᰮϧԼ壬һֱڡ
Ƴ۲òɿˣһֻʾҹȥ
Ų˼µذ壬ûסǱȥˡΪʲôҶûаֿ




 104 

˵ʵĿǰΪֹÿϹŭǺйأһ㶼棬һβ֪Ϊ˯Ǳʲôԭ֮ʱߵȣûֱֱ¡
˵ĴֹһľмӢͲߣԼڽ俴Ϸúֵܻ˫ӰһѨ
ѨܾöûӦ㶵ĶϹеĲ˼Ҳûε
˵Ĳм־⣬ϵĺ쳱ȥ԰ȴһȻ졣
緹Թ𣿡ͷյҶʡ
û 
ǣ¥йľض̨ƹСԸ㣬ƹͺСͷҲصűȥˡ
ӦϹˣգգۣЦޱȡ
ߵҲδ̧ͷһ˼ҵָ
ӴôãϹǰɣͷ㶼ţ
Ѳɻ㣿˵⡣
Ц۾һߣҲⰡ
ô˱˫ӰƤģǶ̫֮ӣ
û˯ãô硭ŪҵָЩ޹ʹĻ
ãܲܰŪȥ˳Էθڶûˡ
Ǵθ¶ɸ˲СӰ
Եڵġϸü΢̧ͷ
Ϲ֪û˿Ժҡһ۴Цȴ֮
ô֪Ҹ㲻졣
ô˵СĺŶۣŵûе
Ϊׯɣʲô°˸Ͻߡ
ץ𣿡
ׯЩʲôˣʲôЩʲôȻοҹ¥ʹʮֵİߵõɴûյ̡
ţе˼ݳ̿˵۹ȷͦ֬з·һЦ򷭶óŨصζҲûʲô£ݳ̺ܾûԸãǲǣ
˵һʲôģѶϢ׽Ϊܿͱĺɫڸȥ
벻磿ͷң۴ӱ黹ﶼ
Ȼģ׹Ƿʹ˼ֿ־壬ǱԼƣ
ҵʱĪľһԤУҪҵͷ롣
ʱ룬һûü׼ҲǴʵ
ŨĺɫȥȻûʲô仯ȸղ˵ǹɷȥ˴룬˿Ųᴭ
ˡ
Ƕ˵۾ȴûпǰĲһڣϵˮջûüɺǰһ׹⣬žɱص
ʶĶһ£֪ϾͲķĺ˯ˡƽʱ˯ҲͰˣ˯˯Ȼѣ𴲺ĺһʱƢˡ
ˤӵԭ򲻹ǱݵĲߺȵľɽ롣Ϲ˯ԷһС˵ص¡
Ϳ͡
Žĳ˵֣ĳ˾ʹӳˣǶ׼Ƶġ
շһҲգҴǿ˵ġ
Ц÷ˮӯĺ˵Щ޹ؽҪĻ͸ź˵Σա
ȰͳţԹ緹ϹҲһûҪ˽Ѩ˼
ǵ裿ָһľͷʡ
ҪӢ棿صƢˡ
ҡͷϹŽŵܣҲġ
ŶӦžǷܡ
ôˣһ˾Ͱֵˣ
ʲôء̧ͷϴθˣ
ǼʯӵĶҪ
ܵǰ䵹һò׿ٳǰ¶ĵһЦ
úôű߹·Ҷ˵
ʲôŹ֣
Ҫ̫үҲ¸ˡǺöױó֪𣿡
˵껹Ҷߴ˿ˡ
ôûˣԼѪװ׾͸˱ˣһΪ˲СĴҪôοźʣһô˻Ϊһ겻ء
ⷬһЦ˵ӴôοΪܴţ
Ҫ㣬ֵ
šغһ˴š
ҪʲôҼǾֵĵ
ӲŶ
䣬δҳѾһҧҵĲྱˢҵһսĹ̡
㡭ÿζһС
ꡣ΢ıɨͣҵǣСûĵģ쿴ȴûõʱ̣أң
Ҳ֪ܣ˭֮ǰôңҾǹġ





 105 

˫ڲ׵︡һ㵭ˮơ۽΢΢̣Ⱦһɫٺ죬۲̬˼еľɫˡ
ָǵһ·£סһոձůɫһͬ˴齡
㣡ǰݺҧһڣʹ˲ϣۡ
𶯡̧ͷüۺ飬ǺЦ
ʹ
֪˵һץҵൽϣһ˳µĴӡ 
ǻ
ûԤ׵ģͽһָ˽ 
ǵС˼ӵùҵۣԽʱѹɳ͸޵Ȼ
̣Ҳˡֲͣ¸ӿһɹɵůʵǱòܣӲŶһ¾ͱѹסôţӲǱֳһĺ
֮ҧҧ޷ֻѧһ۾Ͳס
̰һԽͳΪȾı𣬺ȻƽһָδҾгŴĺ촽סҵĿڡһ㲻ᣬ̽ƣ˿ϷŹܵ㸲ݼ䣬Ϣ
ǹˣ߳ŭϥϾһƺһҴϳüá
ĮսΪôչֻһ¾ׯʲôȤԽȥ죬ҪԳ档˶٣۰УƵĽ˰صָһ͵ס
ţҼнȣû̡
ΪˣͳղŶ˵ĿҪǱӦö֪˼ˡûգ̬Ӧ㣬˵ˣΪݳ̵ԭ͹˼㡭ôҪҪ˵ȥ𣿡˵ָǷ㡣ҪǲԸ⣬ڿԺͣҲǿ㡣
ôˣŪʱԼȴͻȻƵһ˵Ҿߵӣ⵽˭ģ
㡭˿ڣʱίĲˣ۸Ҳû۸ģ
㶣񽥽תƴˮ󡣼ŵ̾Ϣȥ۽ǵȣüĺͱǼ⣬ҵĴμСĶ൱ᣬҪȥ
ʲôʱҲôޱˣ
ƲҪ˫ֱǯţҪȴȭ
ˣҲãЩеûˡ˵žҪҵԣˡ
ҡ
Ц£Щɬë»Ҫպĸˣһʱû֤ܲٷˡ
ֱֱһᣬ˾¶ĵı飬ҿ˾Ȼọ̀Ⱳˡ
ɫǻҲԸ磬ȴӵƫҪҲţݳǳسֱ룬Ӷȴ㷴Ӧ˵ҪĶûС
ÿνʱ򶼺СģǴҩԵʹҲǼͣһμûŪҡʱҶΪۣͬеȻ֪ҩ˵ģʱǾͲᣬؼĵطһһ˿ǡһΣҲж౦ˡ
һֱʵǾ뼫Ҫұݺݵһۡ
ҪŪιȥſϰݣ
Ȼҵ˵㣬ϴҵĲЦһ¡
ܺãԵĺܣҾû˽ƣοȱңµծҿɶҪֻġ
ģ
ֻЦһ޹¡ҲЦĵһˡ 
޷ֻ̾˲Ÿոպþ͡ǸϽԵ㶫ȥ
šչҴһڣҽһͰˮԵʲôȥա
Ҳյ࣬ζ㡣
ô˵һһֳԲÿζҪ˷ࡣ
Ҳмĺ˭ϡģ˼Ҷ࿴ĹͱĸʲôƵģٲٶҲûθˡ
Цҵıӣ㵹
㻹ȥ㲻Ҷ˰
˵˼ɴ³˷š
̧ˮϴ·ĥòױҴȥҪСķţʱ̶ţֱָ˵žȥˡ




 106 

ǰ³ﻹʮ죬ɽϵ̳ȴûյ徻
˭Ҫ
ų˭ͼ˲ǹ涨ֻǼҵ
ôÿԿɽͷ
õҷѾСʦˡ
֪ΪʲôҪסˣԺܲ̽
ǣȻܡ
ɰã
˫Ӱû˵ͱ˴ϣ֮˵ǴӵƮġ
Ǹıʵǻƫ֦ôһžӲ˺ڣǺһŰ
ţ֪ͼ֪ɽׯ˫Σг̣Сʦա
֣˵Ҽҵ֦߳Ա߿Ϸ
Ҵܵ˼ǧȥ׺Ȩǲģ㵹ǻңƽ׻Ҳ徻
³ǿ֦ˣͿһ٣ƽʱĶѲϸܵ亹
Σ۵硭תͷһ壬ˡ
ס·ӵ˳ƵͷӸµıӣüͷһ¡
Һô˵ͿͶС

˫ӰµĿߣȴͤ˻ҡ
㿴Ķ
˳վ¶ϣһϮɫջƳۣһ¶˳׾Ĳӡ
¹𻨵ů紵Ժҳ˳ǣܹȥһѱסݵ̯־·ʹ䡣
û伸¾ͱһֻ޳ץˣҵ·ʹ
ŶһӦһֻûбץסصز¡
ͷңȻЦòãͷƤһȾܣȴתͱ˺ӣ˸ȦקԺӡ
ʲôб˫Σ˫Ӱ棿
С
񻨵ĺ϶һֻӥʢȴЮ˪ɱ˵Ŀ˵̬ôôأ
ǲǺ죿
Ķ
ȷӦü
ұ˵һͷȴʲôס
ڳǻ˼죬ɷФɪٹŴŶˣⱦɰϵðɣ
ɫƴСҵۣⲻҴ
ʱڲϣӦġ
ĵ˵ţ۾ŲӥϵԲͲһĪ⡣
ʱ˿ҲŲĲԾ˸յ˳˼ߣ
ң֪Сʱ˹׵ġ
֪ҿѶȡ
˵߹ȥÿһֻӥԱŲһŲ˿һ˵Ľתͷ졣ȵڲӥǰվϵĺָԲͲĻ߻ҡֻӥûҸղŽʱ˵ƣɵһ˵ĶһҶҿԿëž֡
Լ
ڵ̬ȣԼ
һѶԲͲĻǾ÷Ȼƽ¶һؾɴչֻɫľɴϻһŵͼ
ʱڣԲ֮աʮ죬ߡͼˡСġ
վ˽ͼµһС˳һ£ɴ䵽˵ϣһʵǱŵġ
㲻˵𣿡
ʲôʱ˵ʲôʱģο̯ôǰ˿
ҲǸʹı飬ʲô˼ʲôĶ
˭ȥϵľɴбһ£ʳǵĵͼ
˭ôӥѶߣǼ޻Ҫݺҡ
Ҫǲ˵仰ҿҲôΪ
죬ҭܣ仰ҾԭûǸͷҲ뱳ˡ
һ˲쿪ֱҡ
ҴȥߣǺ˭Σ
̽ңȻˡ
˵˵㣬ɫһףָҲ֮䡣
⻰ڶΡ
ǳģֲǽȥ᲻˱û˵
ʧЦҵ֪ˣʮʱ䣬ȥ棿
ðȥз±ϻҪŻơ
ЦһһӦˣָڲٱ





 107 

Ĺÿ궼ڳɽµģȴƵ˷ɽ˷˼Ȼɽûȷڻʳǣɶ֪ĬҪϷɽҪ;Źͷģö֮ľɽϹҲһԾȥ˼
ֵ̬ǰյĲԹֱûУ˽±Թͨ;ɼڳҲв˴ŲʳǾǸĳǳأĹ紦ȥɽ߹²һս𵫾ǲӰ쵽ʳǵģһ˹ﶼ˼ְݵñײȵͷ
˵Ҫɽϰµ̫ġ
ÿ׼ʱ׼㣬˫Ӱʱ俪ʼ
С۾ۣҷ仨ɡ
˺ôҲӵı߻
;ϵģϹ·ҲѪ˵Ųһʱ
ȥ㲻˵û˵ư͡
צɣҪ˵ìͷԼָˣʱյĵλ˭Ҳ
ҵȻ֪
㻹ڳʲô
һȦ·ô죿
ü·Ǯܲ᲻Ըɡ
Ϊ˭һСҰһۣǼ¶ϸͷġ
Ҳûôģ㶼ʲôˣ
ʲôԣθرá˵ǹ̵ֱζŶˮιȥǣҪֱ
˭Ե°
㿴ûԣˣ
˳ţ˫Ӱ˻ȻĴչʡ
Գɣ
ϻ
ʱϹӦҪӽĽɶɽͷϰ
¥Ͽǵĳδɽһ·ɽģƺƵһ벻עⶼѣǲΪԭһǿʢС
жǿʢǲֻ֪ϴϹ壬ϵĸֱ֪ж˵ʱǱҴͥչ˵ģ
˵ʲô
ڲĽӡ
ȻĻ̼ɸҴͥʲôϵ
Ҫ˵ʵҲͦӣǻʹһǰ಻Ȼʸڵ̫ϣֶļƣΪϻλʹ˶ټıǸʵҲϸùôһŮ˰źҪҹ˵ʱؾҲ㱻̫зһ˴˵̫֮в࣬һسӲѹ£ؾҲû˼ĸôϻʵۡƽϢûãֱ˵ʱةҵǧȻδеϢǿةһ·ȥģҲŮŶҪةǧָⲻûʲôһ龹Ȼ鵽˵ͷϡ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼϻʵ۲һ֣֮ǰһʥּ͵Ľϣ֪ʥּЩʲô𣿡
ֱûشҲ˵ȥġ
վΣ֪ŮξʣʣƷԸ߽࣬ʵĽƣ׿Ⱥ־֮ܣ˫ȫ˼żɡɲŮò֮ϣճɻ˳˵֣һмֱ͸ˣʥּδŮδ޵ģѡյһǳɣةŮδеɢȥʱ䶼ԼܵôЦȢ˸ЬؼңȻֻôݺѪˣ컹ҪǿװˣǱ£Ҫҿ϶
Ȼأ˰ûƵϣҴͥʮǧˡ
Ȼǽ˸ƿһϡҶ֪ôǸʵھãԭǸʵ۵ĵھŸӣ˵ôֲֶʵ۵ģֻиĸס̫ӣܻʺճܻʺڸʵۻ̫ӵʱͼ޸ǷޣλɺǵóʱҲҪɫġϧնౡʱѲʵۺ漴˵ʱһֶûȡΪ̫ӣҰ¾˷ԣִƣŮҲǸȻ֪Ϊĵû˸ҿû̫ܲӣշûбץ
˶٣һ裬˿ż
ĻӴСһ֮֮ϣǲ˵ƫƫҲǸʡ͵ĵơûж˵ʮͷ;ͰѼ谭ֵܸˣµҲϸλģ˾ŻھãƾʱͲǸöԸοĸվǵһħһɣôϵ
˵ԶĵȴһҡСɫʳĻ롢ʷζһɫͭ壬֣֪Ǻβʾö
˫Ӱתͷȥ˵һĻҲʹ˱ϡ





 108 

첻˵ˣϲܽ˫Ӱ߳ĵһ仰
ҳԱˣȥɡ
һû˵ء
Ǿͱ˵ˣֻǿܵڵĹǺŷ߶ġ
ƲƲ죬ñӺ
ˣҲʲôȥϹ
Щ㵹ܵǸҳ񫡣
жް֣ӾֵĶ
һһȥЩʱ䣬·⣬˵˫Ӱѻ졣
ȿŶǸ±˼ǲסǴĻ֦չˡһ̽ɴý˿ȥϽ˲١
ҵ⣬ЦĻǰ٬һëܾԼǱ߶סܡ
СĽ¡һŲİ
Ľһַһŷɷ˿µŮ˽ţ̬ٿ˵̬ȣԶ׼
𽵹ˣȥźƫССḶ́ĵٳҲûҪһȺǰＷɡ
СĽô©Ĳɵģһ˺úþ۾ۣðˣ
ĺܺãһ㿴ʮӣ̬ӯĿһ˫۰Եúܡ
ˣֻǲ밭ƹ⣬Ȼһ仰Ըȥ㻹ţ
ôûܲɨһȦŶԭⰡֲ۵Ҷû
ûôģ췭˸ֻûȥ˯
˫Ӱ߲ߣͷͿ˫Ӱƹڴ
ˡ
ղ˭˵ҪԵģ˭
𣿡
ͣ½תͷһᣬָָԼָָ˫Ӱһ
ԭͰԵﶢֶϬǣҪЦЦİ˰֡
ﲻ
ǡЦšʵۣģɣ
ܿƽ޲
λ֮˷ûôҡϵĶǼõģȴһصĵɫ̻ɫĳֻߺ°˿յİصԳһ֮غϡԱߵȻǲΪ̫һ仰ҵԽĹ
ﻹǹѾǷˡ
Ŷô˵ʶ
ĽЦһ˫ɲ⡣˲ǶӲЦó
ͻȻ뵽磬۾һϽ˫Ӱܡ
ɾҪҶ죬һֱûϢضſڡ
ҪǻƢ϶ҪһùģҳƤϵЦȴֻ˾仹
ǰ滹Ц岻˼ַӦˡ
ʲôʱתˣĽͬ졣
ͷҳЦЦ´лתһǵ֪ͨġ
ѹöͷãɹκֱ
ҸҶ硣 
ȻЦЦŲ࿪ŵھȻһ仰ûСղ˫ӰǷһˣмǶģǸ൱ΣյĴڣ̫ʲôأһԷô
ˣҾʲôǰӿҲӿͷ
͸ˣ˸ɫǷϻôáƲҲܺ˫Ӱˡ
ȥʱһ·˲ڽôôôôܣ˾ôڳȥơ
˵죬ʱǰҹ˾¥ﶼδ˵ӰûҲ⡣С˴¾˯ˡ
һ˯̫ɽȴ
ˡСƿ̽ϲȥ÷
ȥ˵ҲղųԵĶˣ˯һҲûꡣ
ҲԷǼϡ£ϣ춼ûھ¥˾ͻȻˡ
ԺֱٳԵ㣬ϵ͡ĵһ仰һڴϱü
Ŷ
ôˣûֹضȥˣ
֮쿪֣⣬߹ұʲôʱˣѹס
ֲ㣬һɽ
ȥ˵ġ滹ãЩһ㶼
ЦַһȦֳˡ
ðɣͲúûشҵ⣬תƻˡ
鷿ȥ˯ˡ
ƿˣֻǻҵġһ˫ڵֱضҿ䲻ʹչһ£Ȼ־Ȼˡ
ú˯ҡͷҲûأһ仰ֳš
ҵֱۣŻ㣡





 109 

һ߹ȻûҾǰҹ˶ˡͻȻͷһص⣬Դӳ׺󼸺뵽ҾͰѸ̤żĽ˻
ڳɽˣû
岻𣿡
ôһʣСͶŲŵܹ
ûʲôҪ˯ҪĶ
ҩеҩģô󻤷㡣 
ߣһһӣпҡ 
ЦˣҲ֪ǹ¶СͱϹҸžһ𳤴⽻ɲ˼ֵܲ㱦ˣ󻤷ȻҲǡ
Ǯ˵ҿò˼Ǽ֮ææ浱ͷ۲ҪϢģ˵Ҳʲô¡
СԴȵ̧ͷ⻰Ǵҿ˵һ
˵Լеƣ֮ˣң֪ǲΪɽһ೤Ķ죬Ƣĥûˡ
ҩͲҩбҪקŶŮһҲ֪һ
˵԰ҰڹԷϷҪʵеûſȥơ
СƢ˵㵫ҲҾͰϷˣûʲôٱôѽѽһ㻹˯òࣿ
ҧһ´ûסЦ˳
˫Ӱأ
һͱ˫ׯ򷢵пȥˡ
ŶȣȥԵһ£˵ἸȥӣҺ÷ˡ
˲ǰôĳԡ
ûζ
˵ҾһߵſڽŻò񫣬ɴŽһ·һ·ԡ
·ʱһȺ˴ϡȻʮ
ԴϴҪĦ޻һɷ֮ÿμҶܱܣһʼһ˺ܾã֪´ҿֻǾۣȴΪǲԲŶҶڿ졣
վڵ಻Ǻ۵λϣ۽һ棬һᣬתڱ֦Ƭ鸡뿪ˡ
ûȥԵȥֻӥȻ˿ںϣ˸˸ſͣͣͷϵĽУüѾûˡ
ʱϴ̽οգԽʣڻ̤ƵĲϣ߲ʾɴһҡ
ôȥ
û뵽ˣһϵĺӣӹ䵽˵ĽЬߣͣס 
ѹҾֻӥĺܡ
Ϊʲô
ԭӥ
š
߹ӷŵϣ۽ҡ 
㺮ɢĶûз
ûУôˣ
ûѵˣ
ҲûС
ʱȥΡ
ϣ˱ˣã
˽ɡϰԵͷңԹ𣿡
Ҳ
ֿ֣ϵ۽Σüͷ
Ǹȥ꣬ҲԡȥҰ۽ָָһصӣЩҲ
üͷתǰ
ƽｪ֭ƬԵһˣɽֻǵſڣŵǹζθ㷺һġ
˽óȥ죬¡
ҷӦôǰ˶ü
Ž֭ƬſڣΪԼʲôɫҰֽﻹЩãȻ
죬һŵζ£Ϊǵ壬żδҲ˰ɡ
Ըȥһַһҵıﲻ
ġ˻ϵźõ㡣
ҵüͷȻѪƽöģ
š
֣Ҳûʲôֻҵϵ
Ͽ˰Σ糾͵ĸͷ󺹣Ūһܽˡ
Ѫƽ˹زֹ⻬֤öģǲȵĹϵ
һ˺ðû˿ֿңȻ˿
㣬¶ûˣ
ʲôʲôûʲôɣһ¾ͺˣ֮ӣֻıɴ㵵ŭüͷʹûšô
ҵ˼ǰٳδ£ʮа˾ŷˡһ˵꣬һ麹
ߵȻȫ޷Ӧֻսҵǰ꣬ȷȷʵʵͷЦ
һû׹Ҹðڸʲô飬ȴչЦԺﾹֻһƬհס





 110 

ʮ壬ѽڡԭǸȥŷĺӣȴ׼̤ڳǣϹʸҵһҲͳߵĸơ
Ҳ֣˵ɽϵģһֲ֪ϲ˵µˡ
Թ緹¥ϳ̧۾ͿһڳϼۣǴֱ峤Žڳǡ
ŵİֻƿӿһ۾ͷϵû³ҵȻҲ֪ŵľǺηʥ
Сȥ䡣
һȥ澹˲ˡ
ͷЩȻʵû뵽ȥСȻôˡ
ҸȵǴʱõһһϯϣϸȻֹ
ô£ʹ˼ٵĽŲʶľС㣬Ĵһᱻɡ
Сԣ˸ƣЩԸǲҵ⡣ 
ҸղھһֱҪȥ˵עֶֹҲûע⵽棬ҲصĹ죬ûվϹͻӰʹתǴˡ
̫ʦϵüĿδȴûʲô񣬾ֹ಻ſ˾ͺһʮ꣬СͽҲֻǵһۣźĲȥˡһߵĺڽ﷭¨Ӱվţ˯δѵĺʰһûʲô⼸˳Ҳ֣ؼ
һСүڣʱ߻˸˵ģȻľֻһˣ֪ǳʲôʡһûģһ鴮֪Ǹݲ
ϹźзӦĶ䵭ǸҲʶͷŮ۷˿µĹâ
ǻԲѣ
̫ǱߵĺͣͣеĻĬ˰Ρ
Ҫҵļʱλϲ
ԣϹһֵۣǷһ˹
ʲôĵģô󡣡
á΢ͷﾹûгȥһҴͥкջ񣿡
ʵ˵ϣͷŮת۾ͻǻߵı顣
ʵ̫ݣûϧıҲˣʦϾֹʱѾˡ
ץС֣ҪҰƸԼ·ǴΰɣֹôҲͽ̫ү򲻹˵̫̫С˼֮䶸ȻͶ˺ģǸ˫Ӱ֮ǰ˵һ޹ؽҪĻ̫ʵۻĽڵֻҶûȤҲ̵ֻ̫˵һĹϵٿֹܱ˳ͻȻھõǻô꣬ⰴ˵ӦھõĶŶԣȻŶ̫λô˵ùȥ
ʦһûеʱʦûǸȴǸնݳĲݵˣΧ׷ֱʦͽƽҴͥҲһţҪôŹͷȻû˸Աлɳˣû뵽Ҵͥߡ˵͵ˣƯɷҲֹþҸϹȥʱô˺ιӣ֪ԭǴҩҪܰѺɢץҴͥŮһͬԸǻء
ǣʲô˰öм֮ԻҼֱҲɽ³Һ˫ӰӦòе֪˵ҲɣҪʱûжź̬սɽɽѣҲͷֲ˵ʱɽһʬĺˡȥ˵ʧѪûˣʱһղľ󾢣żȻ˻ôԼǰȻ粻Ǳ뵽ҩ֪ǵĹϵǳԾ˺þáˣʲôһ㶼ܾҲֻҰæһƬӴҩ԰
Ľվ˻ʵ۵һߣ˳֧ӪںǳԹѵҲ֪ҪŰˣ
Ů˹˹죬еӵ˼
˶ƻĲˣֱﲻһֱǻ͸ˣĽһһȻӻˮ˵Ѿҧгˡ
Ϲ򴽣Цһ£ֵؾúЦЦݣκʡһ£ʱúܲζ
ЦʲôЦˣ
һ·ˣҽ˴ȥϢ
ţ
ͷǽһذͲͷϵ˦ȥˣЦҲһã±˲֪һڰ
Ϲ֪СｲԼʦʦˣʦô㣬ʲôвТТ
ҵˡղһûĺͻȻˣͬʱﲻ֪ʲôʱ˰ѿݲݡ
ʲôŮһת˻ȥ
ݲݡ վһָֹӶ˸¡
ιⶾʲôһߵлῪ˵ˡ
һֱΪƵĶ˶٣سȥɽΪⳣݲݡ
Ʋǵս̽Եľ𣿺úõһ̫ôħ̵
һ·ϸõÿν˿ڷٹҩѩȥߴѩ࣬ԽҩȻģ̫ǳܲס
ƣʲô
Сʳڵ곤վðٶ֣˵ǶҲ˱ᡣȻ˵򵥣ܹڵ۶йʵ֮٣˲󶾷߻ħԺ˾ͽˡ
ĺЦ͸ģûϹ





 111 

ұС˸ƣĵسһǸ֣϶Ҫ¶ָС˵תǣʡĲСĲȵŪˮһȻ˵ñɡһɽŻṳ̂ȥ͸еһ˾ȥ
ˣСһˡ
ס˴վҺݺݵСһʱҪҪеôô죿
ûͷҶܲµ˵ı飬һǷǮһ˼СǺɫҾʲô
ˣʲô
Ȼ֪ҲţҾһֻ۱һֻۣҲ֪ﲻܡ
緹Զˣɢһ¡⻰˵Һ޲óԼһ⣬Ҳ̫ûˡ
̾ɡ
ÿζҪҹȥͲʹקԼӣסûлͷȥ
Ϊ˻˭֪˰ûʲôһͷ˰
վǣһʱҲǣô˵ʲȥ
ˣֹˡСڽŴС˵һ䡣
һ£ҷӦʱѾߵſˣ˵ǳֹģô˵ǴΰƸҲҡ
ɻûҽӭһӰûüХһ죬ǳ۶ϵ
˱ӵǰҿıȴһϤĺȻͷֳһѶϽޱĿСͽܡ
ÿ
ѽ¡
Ķ㻹
˵˺ûйϵ
ûйϵϵģʦһû˭ģ
ҿ˵ݳ̣ʦ˵󡣡
ͷİѽһŶȥ˲ʦԶ˵ĸѱ档
Сʦܡʦ棬Ϊͤ¡ﲻء
֪Ӣչ˺ʦ㡣
˵žȻҪߣֹҲûۿңСʦܵͷ˯ˣȫǰҵ˿
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ҧ𴽣һӵٿͷŮƨƨߵظܣζҪըˣ
пհɣҰҩҩáƽ˵
һͷֲ÷ŲҪǼЦ
ʲôӶҪչҪչ˲ˣûա
Ҫ
ȥãÿζҴԲͷһҪú
ûþͼһֵң˵Ҫˣʲô޶
ŶֻͬһһߵöɣҪ˰æӡ
˶ɢûʲôϷɿӴһû˯ѵФɪȵĻܵĲˣʱģͷԡ߳ȥûͻȻʲô˻ԭǰСүˡ
ԶһԽԽ
СɤӺˡ
ɻشҵֻԺĲŸ˷ˡ
緹ѹûԣֱӶ㵽ڳƫƧɽҲûû˹ң翴ɽǱ߰»ֵ㡣
ſžȻ˯ˣʱѾǻƻ裬ԼҲӵ϶Ľ˿ϣգû״
ͺ㶵һ¶Ҫˣû˻һѡ
Ѫһɴһ˫ϣڵ·𱻶һɫ
˯ˣ
ЩƣʱʲôƢûˡ
Ե㶫һȥŻơ
´꣬ס
ּû˯ˣ
šɡ
죿ûƳ
˵ֻ§̾˿
첻ȥŵˡ
ţŶͷſңҪ
𶯣Ұ㣬һжҵġ
⻰ˣ漴Цһ£ֻղġ
Һܲĺ˭ϡ
Ц۶Ӳ
ЦҪˣ֮ǰǸŮ˭ 
˵СԪ
СԪѾеôˣ
ҫǹ쳿á
ôָˣ
Լģ³֮ˣء
ɣ˻λƾһ
Ҫû쳿ʲôһҴͥһׯ
㲻ܾƫҪϽȥŪԼôۣʱǱҧһô죿
Ϳûҧ¿ˡ 
ƲƲ죬ߣ˶Լˣʲô˵㲻֪
ҶԻûȫŮ޶ûȤ˵־ʹӳ°˽
ʲô
ΪһԼŮҲ𣿡
һĴһͣСϣָϹؾȻȦ
У˭˵ŮˣָǸأ 





 112 

ԲµһصףɫӳǺ˺ƹȡǰ²ʮɣǽŲŲ΢ĽǶȿȥ˵İ˿ŭǸ˻ҪڴҹôҡðѹԼͭվˡ
룬ʵҪǸҲúá
Ҿ֪ܹס
ŵһҴôԶܷ֣
ص㲻ھɴϣǱɰļвת¹ʮ֮ҹҲǶ֮ʱǱš
СʱûҾôıɰ棬ô֪ܲá
һƽҸɴҲˣǽֲܡ
Ҵأ
Ȼõ
۴ķ˵Ҷûиߵɡ
Щ̫Ӧڿĵһ۾͸õͷ˵ģǱɰŵȷǴױʡ
ȻС΢ЦȻΪԼǲκˣʵϴĵ㻹ǻѡƫԼˣܻɣٲһ̬
Ҫſھ˵ĺж˽һҺֲ졣
أ֤ʲôǧټƵҪҳҾôֵã
û֮ǰӦǺܺãھͲôˡһ˫еõúȻǺãֻҪԲһ֮ҲٲСĽЩ꣬·ҪԼֻʤܣȴϰ·ɱϹһҧͶȥѪĻʳǣܲ㣿ֻһׯѾǱˡֶ̧ͷңԶ¡ҲڵݼңҪȻֻбԭμȴʱľƸǧѷ֮꣬еڶĻᡣ
ҴɲǸԸõˡ
ΪĸԸôһ˵ϹҲҪΪõģȴû뵽̫Сƫɵּ˸㣬֮ನ۶Ԥ֮⡭ݳ̴ҲûΪҧԼһڣ¿ɰƵаûš
ûɻͳ͢οǵʱվڷͷ˼ϵݼҡ
һ㻨˵űƭȥġ
벻˷ЦԽĿɿ佱ҵĿڲҪõʲô̶ƭ磬ӦҪҸŶ
˵ƤֱȳǽĥŸôһ̧ͷͿһ˫ɫ۾ֻһȭ֮
һߣҲŪ㡣
˵仰ֻǰһӾͱʲôһ£ʹ⻹ûüӿʧȥ֪
Ƥ񣬻Ǹ˵㻰ˣ
ʱûԼʲôطȾǺӴشʹڣ
˯ͷǷӶѣ
һʱѲˡ
Ǹһ¾ʹӴҲ˲úӵʹˡ

绹һֱı飬Ҷ˶ЦͻȻ;ûڡ
תۿҾſ˸ھȻ˱ҿһֻ¥´һĽ˵ӻ˳
Ŀüݳ̰ߣ˵˶ٱµʱҪңҪҿ־ֱӸҶȥ
ͷתšûиǵﶼʹˣôһ仰ˣ
ҲЦûУĸԸ
ʹûгԵģҶˡ
˾ǣܸܲķӦ
ҺòãƤһۡ
˻»õҪԶιɵԼʰɣ
ɵ
Ҫ˵
ĵǿ죬Ҽǳһϰ߶˿ڡ
ǴáЦ뵽ꡣ
£һỹҪ󳼣ʱ䡣
š㱦ŪԵİɣ˵ˡ 
һĨ㵣Ŀһֵͷ͸ˡ
Ӷѵһ£֣ѵҲóԱԼȻŬ
ԽԼù˵ҷҧ磬֪˭ƵͷģһξͰˣصıɰô˵
֮֮⻹ûõͻȻʧ٣ʱȥ˵ʲôһ군ǻǸŶҽ˵Ҫ˵ϻˡ
뵽ҾͻڣøϿӳȥǣԽԽ˵





 113 

˼˵ۺ죬ˣϧ仨ˮ顣
˵ⶫȷǴסطӴȥͿףֻ취һ¥Ϲһ£˭֪ž˸ңҲҵж֪ڴʲô̡
Ժӱú·ȴԺͤɽԵСٲˮۣŨŨˮ˿ǰ·˵ͤδҲ̫˵ɣ
ʱŨһĨӰӷƶһ󲽣ⲻվȾʹкᴩֻڣҸղվĵط
أպգȻĪҪ༸ˡ
طա
꾫
ͤˮվ˸һҪ㳳ܡŮˣ޳Ⱥδǰһ˵ǻ
ë鷳Ҫҹȥźߣһ۾û
ҪΪүҾͲҶˡ
֪ѾˣҸղּһڿԵ֤ݡ
Ͱսʲôϵ
ûйϵ
ûۻҲûǴϵͭӦǰս̵ı־οش̫췴ɡ
ûʲôļƵӣܸߣˣǼֻڷʱûҪ˼֮Ҳû˵ĶŮڶĵλҵļֵرһĿȻˡ
ҿֻҵĸоǻѡ͵ˡ
㡭֪ս̣
ʵҲ֪úϸһһ϶Ĺ˵ġʱڶķծרŽǮЩûǮһ˼ŶĵĶĹǣǮĺôǲøϢǱ˵һû£˵˾Ͳ衣ʱǾúʣȴû뵽֮档
İս˶˵а̣ԾǴħͷɼ䲻õ˵ٶ֪
ڰԵ¼Ǽǲ̫ˣֻǵðսһҹ֮û˵ġ˵ҲΣȫûκԤףﻹһƱƱû뵽ֻһûˣڲӰ˵ǰս̵ϳƽˣ˵ʲôۼû£ճһȥˡ
˵öҲԽԽף˵дССÿ춼кܶ˵˾̫βҲûˣǰż˵ս̶Ĵڹ
ǵܲˡ
ЦЦеڴкë꣬һ֪ûкúñҪôǳ겻ã˿²ᶪɡ
֪
ǺΪԸ⣿
Ҿ֪ˣߴҳڳǵһͶаߣȾòҲû˻ᱻƽԲŸһһλˣϻ̫Сı¡ 
һȦɨһ¥ʲôƵط
ιͤҪôȥˮ鿵׸Ҹһξ룬վ˵۰
ҪģūŸд
ðҴɹ
ҵ˱˵һһָʾ˰ӣԼִһ˴ȥӶˡ
ΣСҡ˹ҵҾ̲סЦߵ˰Ȼۡ
ҿԴ뿪ߡ
֮ǰ˵Ļǿǵ̬˵һõ
ðܴҵ˽һµҲá
⻰˵Ůתʱ䶼ûУ̧۾Ϳ˸ʺưȻˡ
Щ˾ǳɨ˵Ĳˡ
˵ϲжСܹ˵ĸо˶Ƶġ㿴ֻ״Ԫ׳˶
Ҷ
㶷ùңһߵüëʵúơ
Ǻã¶ע
ȷʣЦһ졣
ӮһŶĵͼ
ôֱӷ㣿
ҲʨӴ󿪿ڡ
ŵúܣССһҪ棬ȻҶֱ֪̫׵˵ǽûϷˣʲô㡣
𴽣ּ꣬Ӻݽƻϡкꡣ
ӮͱٶͷˣӲȥĵط
ҴǸõˣҪõʲôŵ
Ҫǿʱ㣬ҿǸɡŮ˵ﶼˣҺˡ
ʲôֲʲô¡
ү˵ûʱġ
ԹŶҪ治ɫĲ
ʲôʱֵˣһ˫һۣͻȻתͷҵˣ׼˽𣿡
һ¿ͷȴ

ҵļٲ졣
ɹһۣðɣҳĳЩʱǺϵġһͷʻҪš
Ȼȥã
ԼҲ˵Ը⣬үǿ˵ġ
ջ˵˲£ôƵˣ
ҵɣúõĲùôࡣ
ɫѾ˵ɱ⣬ŮҪٶһƾ͵ó¡
죬ôɵҵڰˣûмʱôô׼
ϧûпˮһϷŮ˵뿪ɢ˳û˼





 114 

˯û찵صʱ˳ѣҺ֮һƢԵӲǰҽʱҺԥķִȥһƣūŲһ±̵˵ϡ
㣡
ϸϸָָǸ̫ࡣ
̧ŰֲȥӲСҵıӣ
ūţ̫ǲǣ
㵹ùѹ̫õƢȫ˳Ҳ㡣
ҡ
죡
ʹ˾ʹ̾Ťžᡣ
ȫҪҲڽµˣҵɹȥǱͣ˽š
ӴӴɵŸʲôϿ
Ȳ죬ȥˣû뵽һ˲ȴ˺ѽС
ȥԥ˻ỹǹңһûվּı̫ߣСط
Ÿߣ
Ϊʹͷŭ壬ʱ˿̼ļ
Ҳû书ʵǴ򲻹ģ͹Թǰ󣬲ԼҲܲҶǸ
ûͤ˶·һתһԺߵ˵ʱȴԺڳϷ
Ժֹ˼ȱ㿴һ¥¥ǰ˸Ϸ̨԰һ泶ɤӺ 
¥¶̨ϰһһֹ̬ӺûŮˣұһŵǰŴŮˣһŵȻûεס
Ӵʲôѽһ֪ĲɣúÿϷƫһ˫б۳վ۵ĵط
ȫҳȥʮֵͻȻȥûҡ
ǲֲʲôˣ
ޣҪôԱ̫աһۣ˾ڼﶼĻ֦չͻȻŷһ⣬ҾȻ˼ɢͷͳˣҲգԭͲϲ硣
ȫ졣ϵŮŲ裬һߴŲһ˵
仰һֱʥּȫǸҵҲ˽ֵþǾ仰ơ
ȻڹⶫʲôʱˣôҲ֪
Ц۾ѾŻϷ̨ϣһȤ̨ϻģ
Ҫ䵽ϵİƾΪ仰ҵջһ˲Ϳǰȫһֱֱ͹žǲͣؿͷղǸ粻֪ȥˡ
ѹСô£Ϸɺÿ
˷²ЦƵᣬүϲϷ԰Ұ¶ŵĩϰһҪϷⲻԭźõģͰ͵ĸҲ͵һÿգ绹гҪء
ã˵һ˵ԭȰźõġ˵
պܽҺЦϧǳϡ
ǱߵģЦȻҿû罻վ˸Ų
ʲôɰ
Ҳãʡһȥһˡߡ
ӵһᳶסҲ⿪ˣĽ¥ʹϷ̨֮䶼˱
ȥĶ
ȥ㱾Ӧȥĵط
˲ҾͲµʲôطӽ¥󴩳ȥ߹Ȼڵǰͣˡ
ûǵƻͨڵⲻһʪŹֲġ
ʯһ߸ңȥڶһƬҲûˡܾߵͷľǰʱҶźһʼû׹ʱ̲ס˿
ǰͷ˴ţ׼һ룬䲻ǰһѪģˣ˳ŽŵשʯϻɵĴ̲Ѫһľӿ
Ӧô󣿲ɣϹ߲Ӧÿ𣿡
ǵѪζۻ֮Ƶġ
һᣬ֪ڶʲô˼òŴҵʯҵĽ¡Լ̾߼ϼһ̱ǸˣĶҽһ޳˵ǰȥʱһںڣ񱻶㶯ҲܶĿһһ޵سȥô̱޵˳ɣɫĮ·µĲһ˶һûǸ̵˾һǰ
ƽȻᣬҪ򲻿ܵģ֮˵ûҾֽϻ
㵹ʹⶼ˵ڼֱˡ
򵽺ûˣ˴̱ޣ߹˲衣
ҪҪԣָָϵһ̾ߡ
ǿɫ׵Ĳ񻰣ҡͷЦЦ㻹ûСֺݡ
ʲôֱ˵˼
֮ǰڴ˳֪ʲô˳
ʲô
Ľ˧ӡ
һ㶣ԭС֪ҪܣҶһֱңԤı˵ġ
СӻúܣϾǵһγ˷ͽĵҲЩϽָĸһƫòˣ׽ڰʲôû
ô˵ֻпһ·ҳǵѣ
ȻҲ졣
һЦù죬һ亹Ҿ֪̫ƽõĿʮ㣬صشҪҿʲô̶ȡ
ͽҲ֪Լ͵˸˵Ķ˧ӡ˵ۻȥҪץˣϧûɣߵ̴ӡ
˵ҿǸͽ̧ͷֻڲ赭Ƴһۡ
ٲ˵ҾֻǵϴȥˣĽǸ˾׽ҲδҪЮοһ̴ӡ
ֻĥʱ䣬ڵʱʱǸϴҲҪͲϵˣ˵˵Ϳжںǵϴˡ





 115 

ҹδ룬»ϣ篸ҡҷȴв֮͡
ҾҪȺ檸Ƥˡ
аܾϹϲһУֻҪ¡
Ұҧҧһÿ춼ҸӵĿܶûУҵҶûĵΣ篸ǰǳͷͤɽĽ¥һʹ˴ض֪Ǹ˵ĺõطҿⶫǸŴΡ
Ҵˡ
ЦҸõĲһڡ
ԭҲǸ˭εˡ
ʲôʱң
´նݳģҪҷ㣿ʧЦֵͷǵһеڽҷˣãҸѡһȷɱ㣬ҵ̫ô
ǰ涼һͲζˣЩʼ˻ǸЦһĶϲз֮
Сô죿
ǲһֱûȢҲǻ϶̫Դˡ
ҵͷʹˣǺү˱Ƚػ̫Ƚ磿
̧ۣЩ㶣Ľ
ҿ߸⿪ʼԣ˵컨׹ʲôã˻һ߿ŵ˲ɵӡ
ļٵģǸ㻹㣬ʲôʱݵˣ
ô߲ǻи̣
Ҳ̫εӰֻûչ˸ɵ檣㷢˻ܲ˵ֻ㵹ǲ򵥡
ǱҪɿˣʮ仰ʮһǲŵġ
ʲô˵ôڸ㿪Ц 
һ⣬һ˸λÿ¡ʲô
תƻЦЦ˫еҺϹëˣĿǰĲĽɽľ̫ѱҿھû˧ӡ뷢ΪʤĿҲ΢΢ʤϵǧȻûǡЩϷĶľĶǣο˵Ľ
ѹ֮ϲˣԸìͷָĽ⳪һ
׻Ȱ㻹Ǳ׷ˣϹ˼ǻԼܡ
Ųʵʲô㣿ӵóȥٻصߣҲбһ˳һ죿
Ҫ˵ÿ仰ĸʲô¿ʲô¿ԲƽԼеߣҪ
ڿǰɣ鲻ȥׯ
һۺ΢ĵ˾е㲻Ծ
С㿪˿ûӦǲǣ
лл㣬̫ߣ˼λֲ
жܸߣߵѪĳ̶ȣҲ˵뿴ׯȻҹͰѴ˳
ҹʱ֣ڴͷƮͤϴҹ磬һû˯͸һˡ
ׯԭɽģ˻ׯʮһǨ˹Ҵͥı֧һմǡ
һ·̧˴ǰͣ£߽ȥȻֻһš
µĿԶɽ̣ɸɾģһȪ
촽ˮ仨һ㰲ŵ
зôڽϹһȻָ֪˵˼
Цʲô
΢΢ôСһ㶼ˣ˵̫үܲܲҪôעң
ܵĵǿ
ԴͲͷ˵˱˵ĶԼϻǻĵϴξׯ˼ѾˮȫĵĵڶϿڣ뿪ǰڱıԵشѵӮΣ
أȥˣ
տյģϰǰӵص̫ү壬Ͳİɡ
ǵ£С治Ҳ档
ͷвȴҲû˵ʲôȻͷңҪģкθ룿
Ʋǣҵĸ룬Լͺã˵ʱܵľˡ
˾Ϳһʲô롣Ҵͥǽ̻ԻͣĶȫһ
Ц÷񡣡Щ£Ĵɡ
ҿ֮ãһ˵ĴڻʳǼ֮Ĵ࣬Ҿ;﷢£Ϲͱָܰ
ҵԺʵʲôÿģȥȥ㶫û⡣û߶·ҾͶ㵽ͤЪˣղſʼͷЩָһֱû߿ܻóϹǧҲҪڱϸϸ˻ѪǼĺ˻ȥƽֿϵͻȻԼ治˺Ǹˡ
ǡһߵָָϵϵı൱ȡ
ôˣ
˿Сܿ˿Ȼһϥ˸ֱ㶵ʲôӦûˡ 
ԡ𣬼˵֮Ե
һʱûףϵ˵ûһôϸ¸˿һһ߶ھɣϹյķ˼ֱչͷ̬ԼѪķβҪʱƿϵĽԡȻһɳ졣
ѵǾˣ֮֮һ㲻ûӻһ˽ȥô֪һׯƫײķ
Сĸǽж
վǶϵţҾ֪ͳ˧ǰͽĳеڶѡ
ŷңеġ˭֪֮һ㲻׼ǣżȥҲǴߵġ
һƶѲ˭ŶܳưԣǾׯ󣬵ĵ׶ֻҪڣ˵һ仰͵еùʮơȻûĿķ绪ȴǾѰڶˡһ˫峺ǳԼġ
ֻ۸Ϊֵֵȥˣ





 116 

ջɽҰ»ãǺ貣ŨīһʻӾһѪȾĽɽ
ʱٿգ죬ԡѪһֱ죬ǧѪ·
ҹ¶أ°׷绺𵭵Ѫ˰ɽİ׾գɱѪɫãã
̧ңһƬȴ޻
ʲôļҹޣҪǳɿݲԸȥתʱ׹ǺգʲôĲ˲ʱ֮䣿
Σ
ҲףΪҪ¹򡣡
治׻ǼٲףͲ潻档²Ҵѹʲô̶Ǵ䲻ֻһһԼĵߡ
ˣЩкã
͵ϷҲС
ǻҹգ˲԰ӡĲ˪ɢѪ⽦һ£·ϵһѪŭš
ЩղסΣ缲۶ͬһ궯ǡ
˶ûչ϶ûմѪˣαҪˣж಻ԸѪ֪٣
ΪûȶԸĽ֣£뿪һһŭ֮»ҡ
߰ɡ
㲻˵䣿
˵ʲôҪһˣʲôҶ޷Ԥϡ
ҺãûѡΪС
һƥ˵ߣҵĽǶȿ˵ȫò಻ȴԴĴжĻ
ɫڿƥͬʱͱˣ˵Ǿ仰İĻĵȡ
ʲôˣ
쳿
Ŷԭˣѹɫôѿôεĸоܰɡ
һ˿ûаߣиջ񡣡
򴽸Цܲµû뵽óⲻǱҧ
ڡ
ЦһЦˣƳɽµ˲֪ʱתʱһ޹ģֺûйյĵطӦòᱻɡ
ΪʲôĸоǷʲôһϬĽ﷢š
еӣٲת㿪۹һ̲ס߳ȥתһҪǶⲻԼ¶Լ
ţͻȻ˲⴦һһĿϣŪҽһƬʪ
ֻؿʹһ֮ʲôоҲûˣѪȾ˫ۺͼգɳƵͬ봩͸ҵ಻һء
֮ǰµĹ㺮ɢĿǲ뿪벻һ벻
ûж㣬Ĭһ˳ȥϵı𲻿ɱ档
ߵһͻȻʲô
˵־ǣҵҳһˡ
ʵ浱߳ȥĿ˵Ŀҷ侲ûʲôԲ£ӦҪֱͦ˱߳ȥġ
˿û⣬ȴ˲ữǱߵĽ䵭Ц̼仯ȥɽɱ֮Ц
ǻ⣬ƯڰշһߣХʱҪ˷̤ƶȥһǱʲôݺסһ㡣
ǣߣİѪζ߷ǣ·㳤ȴһ֮á
һֳסҵĸ첲𣿣ҵѹԼʹ⵵¡
Ͷͱ״̬ѵҲΪʬеһ
һʵͦסˣЦЦ֣̫үȻϵգʲô¶Ҫܣǻзִ磬Ϲôȥܹܣ
ұȽŽС
סԭΪİ࣬ʵʵȫ
̧ͷЦ͸ѪζһԾڱתǰһȾ˺ɫĳ
ֻ𪾫ϸ֣˿̲ǳһĵۣѪ˿ԴԴϵ˳ָ쳣
߰ɡЦ˵ܵͷ·ૡ
ϾӸµЦϴһƣֻȴһסĿΪһԼͻΪµ꣬ʼûУֻҵԽսǺѪѷֲ塣
Ҳ㡣
ҪҾôѣ
ȴЦվû˵ʲô
˲Ҿŭˣ˭˵ľԲſҵֵģ㲻һҲˣ
ϹҼţһξͱָһͷ
ҪƿģҸܳ㡰ҪҪҡˣ
һ㶣û˵ֻ̧ͷ۽һĨ·ʱºᣬ԰׵ļ͸
ҧһʵڲĿţתȥ





 117 

ˣ˼ҶԸ㡣
ȥһĬͻȻ֡
һһͷʱɽĿġ
ɽͷȻһȦһɱ¾ĻӮδͷõǧ١
ǴӦ֪ôɡ
쳿üԥһ˵
ϹԼһһɨȥĽϰӦµ쳿Ϲָ쳿һǳɾһʯ֮ơ
ңԸҲˣѡд𣿡
ĸ·ϹʲôȻڼǵһͲµ˴ţԲŻ½ߡ
һͷһתƽӡ
ߵóȥ𣿡
۾һ˲ֹȴڰտͣס˿ָ˻ȥЦ΢ࡣ
ϣɡ
ᣬҵۼǴҪٲһԴϣ
Ŀ¶׹⣬һƣ˷ǵûԽԽȥˣСʱǸҪҪģû
ң˦һʬĻñ!
ﻹǲܿȥģСʱ򲻻ھ͸Ӳˡ
㡭
˵ֻգ۾ͰҴϱҲܣҾԼЩĿһӾͱˡ
ʲôܣڧ䲻ȵ˵һ䡣 
˸Щ˸ں棬ׯ˺ʹ𣿡
˵ͷվͲҵĴỬȴ䡣
˶ˣ
ʱʹַԸЩں棬һʮ
ҵı־ȻЩ̾еȷңȻðôհѷϣҪ˶Ŀ˭϶ȷϰȫվҴͲǰһѣǶԼһ·
ǳˣѾ
ְ̧ͷϵһͷһ۱Ӱɢûи˷ӦͷʱѾȫתɽͷ˶ҲȷʵǾⲻ˻м˹
֮Ҷ㿪ˣׯѾ֣û¾ͱ˿ˣһͷ۾һ֧ͳƿն쳣
Сģ
ȴˣļ̴İ£ҲͬʱҺۡ
һ֮ȴƿɽͷӦĵطȥ
캣µĻмܿģǰһУб³īˮ̾͵ĺڰȥӰ
ɽûпԲĵطѰ˰նЩͺͺɽͷûУ֮ˡ
ɫԽԽ麹˳°ͻ䣬ɫڲ԰׿˵ʧѪ࣬Ϊβ԰͸ࣿ
жü˵
ĸ־ԭá
Ƕľҧ´һȦӡߣʮһۡ
죡ȻӢۡ
ҺһǣЦһκòãҲ¡
ߣ˵úҺϣһڿʼҵģٷҾʹ㣡⹦ƶҵطˣ˭ϤģûзɽʲôҲС
ĿǰҪ֧ҪóȻγֹסѪ׷ô죿

һ۵ɹȥôģ
˵žʹӻһ֧ӡ
ӹʣǵȴ˵ɡҰ˵Ĵһ飬쳹ʣȴ޶
ȵҲͷ׼ߵʱ򣬲ԶһɽͷȻһƬƻۺһӦ
˵Ŀ˻ᣬǲǧֵĴͷ
ϹĽڶû¶棬ô͡
ԭˣصΪĽɽģô˵ղһɱ¾вûĽط
˵ز˾ȹȥԯ˵
˶Һһһҷ֮ȥ˹ϣ˻Ҫѹҡ
ͷ鷳ѵƻˣ⸽ˡ
̫ӣͷšü鷳ˡ
ҪʱĻأˣ˲󼺡
ͷһѾڰ״̬ˣѪˮʪһѪص뿪ǰǰ£ҲʱҪл㡣
˲ĶʹûйĿ־סҡ
Ǵʱ˿̲ҳɣ˿Լ侲Ų֧ôΣ
һ˺ȻһпۣҪҪԥһγͺá
Ҳ޳۵ĺԼġ





 118 

ԭΪôֹܵѪЪһ£ɻսĵ˵ùˮ졣
ϣˣ
Ȼٶ̫˶ûзߵĳ¶ת۾ͰγеĶ̽ˡ
һ£˵òҸϽס˳¶ãȴ֮ȥ
ڲߵĳҼ⵫ʵԤ֮Уҳʲô֮Ҹط˲ġ
ҪѰϵ˽ߣŶ˶˾һۣץҵ·ɵûκν㡣
ȹȥ͵ҲԼҲ뿪˺òã
ָɿЩûȫſֻи֤֡
ҾԷģ֮Ӱûҹɫҳ˿ͷԼѪշ·Źǰ߹һأ¡
ͷǻ˵û֮Ҳûͣͳ¶ȥ
ʮԭǺطѵױֵ
ڴ˴ټׯˣ
Ҫ٣
һµ徻
ⲻ⣬ȥǡ
Զ߹ƺлҪ˵
ȰѺӹü˾ܾ뿪á
һ¶ˣ
СĽοͻȻð˸
ׯأ
ĽҲнҴͥҲġ
š֮ȵȺᣬȥء
ʦô˳һֱվһߵľлῪ˿ڡ
һҺģһҲ
ֻǰ仰ô㣿
˻иɵĴڣҽȥչ֮
콫ʱ糾͵ظˣƽϿ߶ˡ
Ǻǻ㵹Ǹ֨
ûСõеĶʧѪȥ˴붾ԣʧѪ࣬ҪѪܰڵ඾һ˺ܴ󡣡
þת󻹵ȥѪΣںĺ˸뷨 
ʧѪ࣬С
ǲයʲôʱ·
Ȼûʲô飬ڣʱԡ
㵣𣿡
¡
ãҩķҹһΡ 
̣ߣ
ʵԸˣԼһʱ嶯ȥ鷳
һ·ȥʱж೤ͻ˯жãİΣԲûע⵱ʱŵ˭
صһ¾ҩ̺ôɺҲ⼸ʱŵġ
ƽѵκҪ֮ǰû˯ľȫƵģ˯а»ûҪѹļ˺˵ͨ˵̶ֳȿȲ
ԸͺȲҩÿʱֺ붼ҩĺľͰ֮ľͰٷҩˮһʱʱһҩζԽԽŨŴҲɢȥ˵ҩζã˵ҲҲҪҶСǸ
ûв߲ҲûвԲɵڴߣԼչ˲ôŽԷ䲻ص죬̧ͷԿһ˽ȥԭ˵ǴͷĽǵˤ˵ϡѵ治ʱǰʱۣ˶ҴȥԷˣûɹסӳ˽ǵʡ
˾ͺãΪ֮ǰܹһˣټεġͱָֻýˡ
ýãˣȥҩ˹
˵ҵ˱ˮ֮ι£֧ҲԼʱпܵƾﻹ޷Ҵ˿̵顣
Ҫ𣿡
ҡҡͷֻңߡ
һ־ЩЦ˻ʲôҲ۶ӻ۵ġ
ŮҼЦ
һҩ˯ɣúϢ
ҡ
ȻҪβ㱻ܾһƺô죿
Ĭ˻ᣬ⻰Ǵҿ˵ʵ
Ǿ±ӣ±ӡֻҪ룬ۼҶԸⲹ㡣





 119 

֪ΪΣϹ˴λڳڵͻȻڶʱ﷢ʲô£Ϊһվ쳿ľӪĽǧǴӺδ֪쳿εҹϮ缸մƵػεɽƲȴȻǼƻ˵ģĽǺʱѵڶĿ뿪ģ
ɻֲʣ˺٣¥᪾һڡһֱ֮ˣҲ֪ʲôʱ򲻼ˣҲҴȥҲҴңˣӰûƼͱﲻסˣһָ֪֮պҲ˼˼ȥֻȥ޵Ħˡ
ϡϡ棬첻µزµҲгüչʱ򣿡
žͽһ˵ŷ˳˫Ӱ롣
ã㡣Ҳʡһ޵ˡ
֪Ҫʲôǲǵ뿪¹ҵ׺Ȩ׷ɱ£
ǼǵãҪʲôϵ
Ϲȥǧֵģ֮ǰͷˡϴǴɽ·ӳǲȥ˴ǧ˵ڣǱǱ㣬֪ƾѹסû뵽Լʧ١Һܺ棬ôĿ֮³ǵģ
ӣеĶۣǰʳڷɽɽǿץУײһͨڳǵӣֻܴ濪ȥȴܴ
һϹ֪
ʱһ֮ҺƾżŰѰƵ·һŷֵӣҰصĺΣҲǻ˼˼һġ 
οӵشƫԶ֪ԭ˭ûܡ
ΪСԪĳֶ㵽ԭȫǴ˴̳ӻΪĥһ㣿
ʼ磬Ҳ÷
úõΪʲô뵽ҪߣΪʲôڶһͻȻΪʲôѵ˵ϵľׯ˲ӣ
Ҵû˫ӰңһӾûϻ
и˵Ҵıɰɣ˷Ҵױʣʱֻȥһۿ֪аҲûô࡭
˫Ӱû˵õͷ´ʲô㻹Ǹһᣬ֪һֳ£
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Ϲ㵽ĽʱͲӪˣҲȫ쳿ˣ˻һ˸سǣһǷھöĽȥܹס˭Ҳû뵽ͻȻɱǰӻʵ۳һӾû˶شľֵôɣ˵˭죿
ңô֪
ŵİＸǰʧˣ֮ǰͰսйϵ
ս̣͵ؾߵǸŮˣôɰɣ
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˫Ӱѵֻ̾ˣ˵ʳǵϹҲǲģİͲ֪
ˣΪʲôҪעĽ϶ȥ
һۣҲԼںδʲô˭û֤ΪϹȥע 
޿ɷεȷԼ̫ˡ
ˣҲҪ̫࣬һеϹЩ²ɡ
֪ˣ㻹ʲô£ܲЩİɣ
һһ롣˵ϳСҪ췴ˣСүҰꡭߣ͵͸һ
üͷ£ֻԼʲôù˻ʶ˫Ӱġ
Ͻߣ̫ƻˡ
̫ѨͷͿſЦЦĿңҲ֪վˡ
ôˣ
˵ֻ΢΢̧֣Ҷ˻ᣬǱǸƲ
㾫Щ˵
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ˣҩһ˯ᡣ
֪ô£һ˾ͻúճңֻ֪ʱҲ˵㻰
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ǣҵ߻طԹԺҩɻشϣû߾ʹƽȵĺ΢ͷ԰׵ɫһֻ˸λۣһ˯һۻˡ





 120 

Ҿ֪Һ˫ӰĻˣҲû˼ȥҰţֱӾ˰Ѵ˭Ҳȥ
ڿʲô˶ɽ
ˣҲΪʲô˭ǳںĿģ
֣Ҳġ
Ŷô
Գȥߡ
ˣϽ඾˰ɡ
ƳͺãҲѪ
ŵס𣿡ûش벻ֲһ䣬ҲҪģɵĴ𰸡
£վˡ
Ÿ˵ͷſұһıһ߷ݣЩԽĵˡ
һ˶ȥˣҪõʱһټֵأ
κȥչˡ
ţôˣ
һҵСϣˡ
ôᡭЦһҾͣסˣϲأ
ʳھ֪ǰʣҪǲҲκ˶ȥˡ
˵ʢӸɡ
ʲôһ𣿡
Ц̧°Ͳҵһǵ춹ġ
ƲƲ֣תȥ
ȥģһ¾վסҵĸ첲
㲻ҪӸ
Ŷ֡
ҶӸطƿžͿϣһ㼱˶ŨЩǺˡ
ˮ˳°ͻ䣬ʪ½ɵ̽Ϊī̡кѪƹ˳ָѪ˿Ө׵ָ£ϸǳصۡ
ϸüһš漴ȳһںѪббϣһ顣
΢΢п۽µһκճ԰׵غԼֻҪ־أһôϸȥȴ־ĵдǸоͺʱ˫İ׹ֽĲӡ
˿ҲŻ˵㲻Ҫǿֲ
ü¶׹⣬ҧҧתȥƱҴһƵء
ùӸǺϲѪȫƳˣ
ͷԹ԰չڡû¡
ʹȴоȻɱǹɢҲԾֱһץס
ȻûʲôƤˣ֮´֮ǰҺָָԼأŵòᡣ
΢΢齣ֻ§Ҳ˵
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šҳ˰ʪ½󣬡ȥϴϴˣ㱾úܣòɣ 
ҡ
ҵƿȴıһ
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㣬ҡ˭ϡˣֲСӻҪ㣬Լȥϴ
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ҪϺȻһֱ˻ȥ
Сĵ㡣Сĵÿ֪ʲôʱҽϵıҪΪĸ˻ôײײˤô죿
ʲôһʬ
ûұĳڣбۿѵڲϱġ
ڻãһ˵˺޲ðˡ
̧ͷٺЦһ㶰ûзӦ
ν᲻áƿ齡
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ˮϴ
췭˸ۣ˻æĺãϲܶģֻҪ뿪߷ΧͲˡ
ߵ¥´Ŀ˴һȦΣŸ˵˾ͳˡ
ô
˵ʱȶˣչš
ҲȥϢɣ֮ڡ
ɷ˵ӡ
к뿴Ų£͵ء
һ˻ִҪڵĻεǵģϴжҲΪң֮ȥ
εͷۿЩ졣
ôˣ
ûзҲͲֵˡ
һ£⻰ǴӺ˵





 121 

˿ɻǵӕF
룬ûʲôҡҡͷ
߸һ׵λ
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˵һҾˣСƨÿζᱻҺݺݳЦһ
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С߹û𣿡üͻȻ뵽ˣǲǼٵ˴С߹°̥ɣ
ͷҲŵĿ
Σ󣿡
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һֱΪֻʮ꣬Ȼ֮ģС
ٵ׽ΪҪͶЧǰɣΨһӣС߹Ҳֻʣˣ
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˵ȻһߵĽŲ˲٣֮ϲ徲˭˱ӵأ
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»ûüϿڲͿĳѥ̤ţŸФɪԼºͰࡣ
ô⣿أ
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ûüһתΡ
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㲻ǻˣФɪֵʵ
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Ӣھǣôˣ
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ڹȥôˣоأ
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һȥҴͥҴҪǼˣر쳿İߣһ١˵߹һַҵļͷӵķɷΪһã 
ϺԶƻһ߽ŵӦǾĬȻīµĻҲһתȻţ޵Ļͬʱֲż̡
ɪسǵ֮ȫ
˷ФɪһȥˣƬ̶顣
ˣ
Ҳұҡ
仰ҾͿʼˣǣ˭žǲҡ
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£ڸ
˭ոջӦ˺ǰķģ
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ЩˣϵĹӾ׼ģ˭֪ӿǻû򵽾ͱһֻקסˡ
ôֶܳϸü΢š࣬ȥЩĹҪӪġ
۰ͰͿһ̹ûգ˳ϵʳȫˣҲҺֻһˮ
ȻһǱȽ㡣
Ūҵ֣̾һ̧ͷ 
ӿڳҽɡ˵һԼЦˣӲɽ̣Ͳ֪Ҫԡ 
Һһ鿪Լ֣ȥ̸᳤Ե˰˭ˣ 
Ц԰೤۳ɵһ̡
ûôʱϢǲġ֪жԼʧȥ㣿ֻõһõĶ
֪
οѾõˡ





 122 

С˭ҪǹϢ˭͵ùҪʱûֹ˵ȥָ͸ʲô׵Ĺ£˵ʲôֻüṦǧĻʲô书ֻṦͲѧˡ
ΪͣΨڲ顣
г𣿡ڱƵĵôҲΪ
СãȴҰġ
СҪˮûɣ뵽׻ĵ
ô˵
Ľ˧ӡûб⸸˳Ϸƭ˶Ϊɽˮˡ
ӳԭΪⲽ尡!죬޲һСĽ֣
ȻСҲȫȫġ˵ţ˳˿𻨸ĽҪǳ״϶ǵһˡ
ţҲһ侮ʯ
ѵʱΪṩ鱨
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Ϲһ̫أڵڶ˵Ƴһۣ˵˶ó
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ʲôҲ֪Ҳ̫ˡ˿ڲбۿһֱδˣ㶼ô̽ģֻһ
СүˣûлشңЦ׵ת˻⡣ 
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ռ˶Ȼأ
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ʲôʱ֪ģ
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Լһʱļƻʼնû׹ңΪû˰ɡ
ţһԵġ
û˵ֻӦ˺ܾòŻعζ
ЦɢһƬġҶϵϼů⡣ 





 123 

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⡭С˳򣬡Ҳ
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Ƿҵģҿֻⲻɣһ˫۾ֻű˵ķⲻš
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 124 

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 125 

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ССһ˲ȼеıꡣ
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û˵꣬һͤӺȻ̮ʱʹһһŲ֪ߵغƤ˵ҵʱͻСҲܲŵ

˺߰˰˵Ϲ鲻Խرĳ֣ɫ͸ѿˡ
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Ϲûпϲɫвֲ÷ΪҲһ˳ɡ
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Сӣ㻹Ϲ۾·ʱҪء
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ҵġ
߰ƹֻϴ⣬ʹĺһϡ
ʧȥʶǰƺһϤΣа·˳ȾЦ绨о綾





 126 

ҹӴϾ۵ĲӣԺΨһͷǸϽ뿪ǡ
Ī˰׳ƵĶڣҩҸˣڳſںϹºһȥǻͰɡ
ŲӺɵĳǰһ̻Ҫɱҵʲô̼ͻȻҪˣ
ҵϿɲûй߰ɣһûиıǰ
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Ϲҧ´ʱ൱С԰׵˵üľֻ֮֮ȥžͽ￩ûš
ʵ˳ҲӲǹأǣΨһʹ˸ŵ˳ſڡ̵ҵĳ̶ˣԺҲˣĳһҲ֪ۣϹĻţ
ãȻŻʲôá
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һƬհ׹ѹʱֻ۷һƤžǻջǵʹһֱʹ 
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˵˭˳ȥΣ˵ͷȻǰ۵İ׹⣬Ѫӿֹֹס

ͷǰһƬиӰߵǰң԰ϸݵָյЩȡ
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 127 

֮ûټ֪ϢͤԼ¹ĳ֡
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ȼѩһƬȥ˽һѩ





 128 

꿪磬ͷҲһˡ
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ǲϹأ˵





 129 

ĸʵǸʲô𣿡
֪ǮࡢȨĵһ
ۡ
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ҵͷ߳ԱѵӸҽЩ
벶ȸں󣬻ȸ֮ˡ̫ԶȻ˻ʵ۵ĴڡʵҪѻλбƹģһﻹݵʱһʥּȥ˵ԿרȨᵳضȦʡ˼֪⻹⣬ʥּϲûмʱ䣬߸ʵΪԸһĥһĥԼܻ֮µּģֻվֲ֡
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šи⣬÷ô鵽ս̣
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ң˷룬ϵһܲŵǰ
˵Ͳ˵а취֪
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һգ˦˳һұϡ
Ը÷˵Һ£кӾͱˣ⼸㡣
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˿һմüͷšĽģζǡǿ˼ڣʵܲ˱ϸЩ﷢£һתߺԿеζҪúһǲʲô˿©ˡ





 130 

ԭҲص̫ã޲˶֪жϹǴ֪ɱͶһҲÿ˳ˮۣҪܹƭĿġ
ǧҪϹ
Լһ£ȴһ¡
𿴵ԼݣΪһӲֵá 
˭ԣΨ㣬ĪҪҡ
ԺﲻϻЩŵʱżЦЩһշ
֪ĶֻԸһ֣ǰʮϵ˵һƬհס
Ȼ֮ܵô֪ģ
ȥǳʣʹ޳˵һһҲ԰һ΢ָҵĲӣīɫ¡ʹݹй֮Ҳת뿪ٻףЩԼ㣬ϾһôáЩоȴҪЦ꣬һȻͷ֮һʹ
˵ˣѵҺܣ
ЦЦãǱ㲻˵ˡ
ʲô˵˰컹ûصأһûѾҷתСʰˡ
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΢͸ŷҾűⶨ˻תѡ
֮
ҵ͵ͺûһžͿˡ
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Ҳĵһۣҳ˳Ժ˯Ͳ֪ˣȻҵȷǶˡ
ҷŸһ̤أͻȻһʹ
ôˣͣ¶ʵ
̧ͷû˵ϻһһʹڽǰһж̤ˣ֮Ǿ޴ʹǵصĺڰ

иϤĺţƺԽԽԶʲôֻоҵʹԽԽ
ΪҴӺڰǾҵʹҲѾȥΧӵһӵϣδüһһϣǹ˺Ѱʹٴϯ
ץҵһһĽҵ֣ȴˡ
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ǣŰ˸¡
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أ
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кŮ
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򴽣΢΢ЦʵŮֻҪҺ֮ĺӾı
Ҷе׵Ϊʲôôˣ֪ôʹ
ʲôԸӶҪˣеϢɲɣһӾӰ£
ǿʲôزվǸԶڰӰ·ɲĳ
ȡˣƶӡ
һᣬнӹһСС˶ƴСٶһ𣬺Ȼе㷺ᡣ
ó󡣡
һ㶣ЦõĿң˵Լӳġ
⺢ӳ磬ӱµĺҪҪ˼տ˱ʱСı÷͸ҪֻҪֲ
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ȱůȥɣӺЩеʱԿ
ҵͷδֱѺӽ֡
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˵ʲôΪãƭ˭أҪӾġãúãʹӵӦҲ̫ȻԸˡ
Цһ̾̾Ҳ֪Ķô
˰ˣǸۣƬТ˼һһء˵ϹΣʱ뿪˳Ҳӡ
ʧЦҵıӣ㵹оǰ׵һ
˯˶ãʱЦŰİ档
һһҹ
·
ҪҲһĽûҵְûвѵ𣿡
ǣʱ̫׼ҪҲ⼸ˣԡ
ڲǵЩʱ򣬰òŪЩ鿪ַסҵ֣˵ԽԽȥԼأ벻˻᣿ֺֻϲǷǣȴ֪⣬ңתֻΪ˸һ·ѡ֪ʱͬգȻִŲϷ֣ǲǻң
ϰˣô꣬һʱȥģЦƳһۣⲻǸһĳЩ˵־ͻһĴҪôװȥʱ͹ȥ̹ʹЦ
ûûߵָԳЦһ˵˯ᣬιҺЩˮ˵㶫§һ¡
紺ͷů͸ֽӶٹУܰĶůˡ





 131 

һС꽫µĳʪ೤ů˸磬ϡ
Сһһ˫۰Ͱ͵ĳңΪ᲻תѿЦñ˭
СүñָɾЦŰƳţСɡ
СӵʱϹԸңżëҺòװӣһȥ
ˡ
ûԺӱ˽סңۿȥԭΡ
ôˣ
ϲӷȥ󡣡
£
ͬСүְɡ
ֶ˴˻ûͷ˵Ͳһ飬Ҫô۵ȥˡ
ϵҲǸҪġ

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ЩѹѹƲŷ˷էһȥĿǡӳĴ˸ϼ
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ʲô
СϹа
ôһ˵˹ۿңŪëëġ
ģ
ҵ־ôģûָèѾܺˡ
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ƲƲ죬˼̧۾ͿɫƵĶҡ
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ǽ㣬ⶼ೤ʱ˻ûףѵһСѿһӣ
𴽣ӹĽءȻ˵ʵĺҲô󣬺οСһŰ˸£˵ֻһֻ־ĴСЩȴζܽӱ˽жѿʹҲ⡣
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ͷһۣ
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Ŀǰ
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ʱΪ˳ѿ֮˵˰ɣǵСӵʱɹҡ 
ϼһֱѹλಢڴˣƫƫиս̵ǰͷǰۡͰԴСҲʶϵ㲻ϺõҲ㻵ż˵˶٣֮ǰ˵Ȩ±֪µľֻ࣬ó˵㡣
֪Ǹӣϣ
š
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ֻһŮһۣбӵ˼ҪնݳΪ￴˲ÿĶ
ʲô룬ºڷɱҹﲻһ۲©ȫ˰ɣ
ͷʱﻹС侲ۿŴԼɽʦԼǰҲûгȥһΪ֪ʦӮ˵óȻȥͬνӱʮ겻гһջгʦ𡣿ϧȻúӵʱվ©ţǰԳһסðصһ
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ʹթսǰ˵ġ룬ƤӵðԲԾûò㶼¸ҩѡ
֮ǰ뵱伫λôЩ϶ԽԽ㣬ۿʼӦþͶͷһȻĿǰڵĵλ»㲻Ǳȥ˰ɣ
ҶһǵЦģС¿ɲ磬ͷֻҪĹɽǻ𺣲Ƕȥһŵ𣿡
⻰Źֶģ˫ΣÿĿ
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˭˵Ƶġ
ξ͵ǳȥ棬ô࣬һҡ
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˴þòǿϹĶѿʵһûҺɫ
˵ղ˭ĵ˵ʲôһҡģһ˦ɫҿľ㡣





 132 

γν׳ۣ˵ϹΪһδųͷ¶档ųҴСϰ˵ģԲʲôڣҲСһӳھͼûֹͨ˵ĵһӦЦżҲΪˡ

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ҸòᣬһӻûеСһ񿴳³ͼһ⡢һ۵ľͿ˳һֻС̵ֶֽҵ½һֻСҲôȴƴҪﹻ
ҡҡͷһͰҺͶ˻Σжõǣ
һʱܵҺͣͺŵλش
ţ߰ɣĳЩ˵ĻԲ̫⡣
ҾͲӦ˵ıʾҲĵġ
СеͲҪˣղŻ޵ת۾ЦĴãѿ
Ŷ˻ᣬǰˣûһʹȥˡ
ѶӱϣȻתͷңұһĸ
ɡ𣿡
ԵڶˣƫƫԽԽ
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ô˵ǰìܵģüٿЩֵۣãΣգ
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ѹղҪʱܵǣԭĥ¡
ҧ㣡
ƽĲҲͰˣʱ㶼רģ
һģһ´֣㲻ᡣ 
һġ
ֲǽе¡ 
̽һǱŲ߳㡭뵽񡭡
ʲô
ָòǶܹˣҧ֣ɫǣ
ɫǣüǺãҲǰһء
㲻ҽ⣡
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źصϹ̺÷˼һӡ
Χһ£Ƚȥ
Ըתһ׵һֱŶһַʼ϶ĵЦ
Һһ·ãӦڸԼˡ
ڰǴ˲գ·
ʮδʱ̣뱤š
ʱٴλصȻǺϹһݺȴǱ仯̫ࡣ
ǰϹ˼ະһϹү¹ɻҲֻĵм
ػؾɵأȻǵֵһˣ˼Ҫһ˭ִߵĲǸ裬λѾûʵȥˣҪ벻λá
仰˵Ϲˣر˵ܸŻػʳıͷء
˾Ϲϴε壬Թ֪ʲô˲ǣҲʲô뷨
һ˲ͬ˾Ͳòˡ





 133 

뱤Ϻ֣ҾȵһμʱúõģȴǸֽŽ߶ϵķˡ
䵽زˣ
ı֪Ѳ˸ϵǴҲӵһûԼʧˣźһҪǽ쿴ҶҪˣôű˷˵ҲҪ㵽ͷɣ
˭ɵģ
Ҵ˸ɫֱСһȽȥһûƺ˵ʲô̼ĻҶӿ̾͵òʧˡʹ߷ϣҲðա

ҳͷ˸ڣպ֦ڡ˿֪Ը㲻ʹ׼鷳˳˵ȥԺѾиŵķˡ
ȻЦȻ뿪һЩҲ˺ܶණ
죬ͻһſڶȻ˵ʲôû
ȴѪȾ֣ʯЫһһ㲻𣿡
ֲҺܣӿ䵽³ҲϷˣڼȻһ˵ֺαֿԡ
ôãֻҪҲĵߣìͷԶָҡ
ϹҪײϣֲû̹Ĵε̽ѪܵĽѵϹ̽ҵֶ˵ҪĶˡȻЩԼ׾ͺãϹûҲһûҲװ֪¡
Ҳܶġ
ͬҺθɣ
ǿϬЩ΢΢ƫͷƿߡ
ָһӣǷ˾ۣһһҪӦġ
ֻ֪棬Ͻҿ˳ô綯ɱ˵ģܹҴСķ֣˭ȥ׷֪ұҧһڲȥ£Ҳֻ˵̰ʳͺñһͷһϢʨӺһֻ˵¹һ𣬾ǻѡͬߡ
۾Űɣı硣
㡭
˵Ȼףо仰һǺýģһ᳤꣬ҲҪһһꡣ
̧ۣΪ㶡
ϣ㲻ҪһִԲ
޻Сʱӭ߷󣬷˻ǻЪϢɡ
뿪ǰ⿴ӣȥصۡ

ƽһγԶţСһر˷ܣ˰޾ǲ˯
ٲԣС㣡
ûˣֱ°׼ֵʱĳЩӦûˡ
ʲô
ѵõһ˫ۣȻҧгݡ
𣬴Ӱ
ҿһüһܺãҵùˡ

ҪҾͲβСӣ˯ҽҲ˯ˣȥ
˵ͻȻһʹͷȥĳСһȭͷҵͷЦĻ
ԫ
ССȭͷϸü΢šСӿ֪ȥ
ɻûȫͷСһƲתۿ޵Ǿ춯ء
ȳȥ
Сӿޣղǹ־ͱ׵ȥˣĻôȳ˵
ҳȥ˱ˮѹҲһյĹĶתСˣֹ˻Ϲ߳ʩʩȻģղô춼ǻþ
˯ˣ
ͷüо⡣
𣿡
ҷӦһ˲Сӵܴȥ
šְҷϵӣΪỬ䣬ѹ˵ɳƣкܶϷɿЩϢɡ
ʵһãˣҺ˯֪ʲôʱʼҪô˯˯ҲضҪԱ߲˯š 
˰ˣûӺɫķϣҾ͵һعˡ 





 134 

һ˯˯磬ʱǿտҲ͸͸ġ
ˣҪ𣿡
ţأ
ʱ޹죬ÿڿ򣬾ϵȥ򡣡
ϴõݿ˯Ķӣ˰տĸαǰÿȥˡ
Ϲ˸ΪƫԶԺӣôǱȽ徲·ԶԯȥҲҪһӵʱ䡣
еÿԯδͣ¾һһҵЩϰˡ
ϹȻ󲻼Ļֻһ£¡вŵվһȺ˲㣬ֺĿһеļơ
ű²˻ᣬ⽭˱ٶȻһͬðĿ죬һۿȥЩİ
̫ע⣬ѡ˲ƽ̨ҶںƣϹûƼЩƫ̨ҰúõĿŵеĴԲ̨ӲҪѧۼĲУһú
ҽӲתͷԴȥͼ˫ӰһץһֳͻӣӶ˫ΣѾˡ
Բ̨ϴþʣڳҵҲ࣬ԲûĲ
ȥϹۿרģûʲôӦ
˳۹⿴ȥȻһȵĹֵ̨֪ġǲǺ¥ĺ
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ٻͷ¿һ㶣ʲôʱ˼ʮ˫۾ˣ
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ŲŲҪҪɴൽ˫ӰǱȥˣûֻ־˹
ܡ
ʲ
ֻĳһԲ̨һɧתͷĺӮˣȻⲢص㣬صǺīĳ֡
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ұȣ鷳οƱۣУָҳԶˡ
ţǴεʵĺıɵģĿҪءʱִҵִĻǺʦʦ㣬ʦٲϲҲʦڣǶȻµģȻȫˣڶҲֲܷʱô˼ȥպ¥û뵽ͷβǸƭ֣ҵȻҪһֻ 
ʲôʱֲԵģ
㺮ɢ֪ҶҲܵӴ̶ȣԸû뵽ȥ龹Ȼh͹㺮ɢ¶ҵ㲦ȥġ 
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жǿϸʵģ
һҲ˵㶼ĳǵ·ǵÿζƵľʮֲ꣬ǲ֪Ҳϲ˼
ʱԶȻǧı֮׾̣ṳ̆һʢ̻
Ϲվ𣬳˳Ⱦ˵ǳЦӰޣѪɳ껪
ɴʱԴĪ磬˿סᵶЦ·£ռɳ
ƺԤҪ硣
ƾᵯŻ磬˵ָȥѹ̳Ŀȴٳ¡ 
Ϲҿ㣡





 135 

һʱÿڽǧڳĬУֻīת֮΢΢ζݣɫ԰״࣬էȥ䣬Щˡ
Ҵ棬һȦɶĲһ밡
˵ⲻִһ̫ʲô֣ɣõŴǧôų
˾ͬ˳ЦһͷȴϵЦЩ졣
˳ۿȥˣ˵⵫ϸƺ֮С
ֹǴΣ˵ȵģȷָԱһȫм˰ԵıѧοҲǰֵģҪȻҵʱҲС·ˣ˿ҪϾɱֹһҪģҪ˶ȫˣ൱ѡ
Ǿׯ£ȻֻƣҪ¹Ҫôͨı´ŲпܣߵԲ鲻һͷŪÿγϹھҪһ顣
Դ˿֣֮Ҫ˵δҲ̫˵㣬ٿϹıӦ֮ǰ֪ˡ
Ϲڼֵһɫˣ˵Ҷ̫ܽܡ֮Բ˵ŻǴһ˿ϣģϹĴδ˵㣬ԲһʼǲԸš
ʦ֪´ֻ˭
֮
⣬һҪݵԼˣסҪײô죿һҲŲɡ
ͷӡüͷģ漴һĨЦûһ˿Ϳɬ
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˳һӵùʮ壿ǺãŽöʰˡ
ī۾΢ָһӥצȴǱߵڳһֳֻϵĽǰ
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仰ңǻСһＱҪϹ˵һ룬ʣµһֱڶû
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˭û
ڽûʲôȴʦ÷ʳ˳ݲݣֻһ취ܾȡʦ̤ɽռǧ꺮ֻΪһˮףܱʬҵ˵еɰɰ˵ǵ֮ʦ󰵵δ˵һλʵһ˵عҲ˵սʱѱ˵ȥ˵֣һʦ±ɰɡ
ɰ𣿡
˭ҲֻԼ֪ʵֻҪףʦҩԻѾмʮ꣬һɰ־ˡ
ʱΪԼ÷ҲԼ֪׷ĵʲôˡ
ҡҡͷҲֻһٽſǴ򣬺ܾû˴ôˣ̲סյǰȥһ¶ͷ;ǰιһ磬һиҳ˻ȥ
˵˱Ҷֲˣ
ͷϳ˸Һһۣͷҡ
¡Ҳ湻ˡ
վڲԶƽ̨ϣĿɫԶӭһֻºףںƺʱܵȥ
ˣǵҴô
ֻЦҡ
ȥգ۾ۡ
һ㶣漴ŭͷҪƿң
ǡһֵҵĴҪһæ
ʲô
취һˣֻҪתĸֱɡ
ȥ˭
룬ûﻹ˰Ƕ
磬¾㱸мҪԹƽˣ
סֻʲôʱҶ繴ϵģ






 136 

Ҫô֣Ҫô׳н
ʲôʱ᲻ҲͲϹˡ
˫Ӱʧ֣ҴɹҴ˹ȥҪ֪ҲúȻ
˫ӰҪҷŪɳ׾ϷԭҲǰźõģȻǺ󻰡
ЩҹȥǱߺ֣ͣתһ־Ȼձˡ
ٿϹҲЩ죬Ȼûϵ
Ҫʸ֮ĵλǲǣ
ôࣿ
ԯһˣҰڱһ仰
ΪʲôҪ 
αҪЩ֪ôʲôô
֪ȥİǡ
𣿲ϴһٷһΣ 
㲻еڶΡ
˵ʲ֪ſ˶õ
Թο˸ģ
㲻ݳҪɡ
ҴĳôԼɣ⳪һ
һ΢΢ţɫƣݳ̣ȳȥЩҪ
𴽣ƺǲĵĿһۣȻԴݵĿ뿪
һûðֵ㣬УõϹ׼֮ǰ˭
Ŷҵͷ
Ӧһ£һˡҪ㻰Ҳܱػˡ
Ҫ㻹üֵ
Ϊһ㵽죿
˳˵ȥ䣬⻰Ҷͬ˸ҽٱˡ
ҪҪϹһû׼òҪƵҿɱ䡣 
ʲôҪ׼һϹţЩѵһ˶Ҫ˵㻹Ҫллӿķ⣿
´պسɴ󻼣
²أڱƱ췴
Ѳ㻹̸֮ҪǸаʴȵһľң 
仰˵ľҲͰˣһܲȥƫƫǾĹֶ͸޿κ뱯⣬Ҷµùơ
ҪرҵĶһжع;Ҳд𣿡
ŵڶ˵Ҳֱ׳Ƶֱ¡
á˿ȻΪʲôҪҴͷϣҶһˣΪвϹô򵥰ɣ
㵹ǷӦ졣
ºڷ΢ЦЩü֮ҲȻϲɨ
ݳ̵»ҪΪʱ˵֪ţ
ݣһȺɵɣһȦۿҿһ°ŷӦ
ˡ˵һҡҡͷֲ˵ˡûҲ缸ʮžɢˣûʲôΪΨһֵһĴžе㣬ŮֻҪ̳ѪȻͻ㡣
˵̶ҵһӦϹϾʹһص㣬մǲݾѬζϹǽӴģ˵ζʲôζûУųǾϹؾˡ
һȻͷ룬԰
ҲؾҲգֹҴʲô£
ȻйءݼйڣҲ˷ŵݼҵѹɢģǿʳԭҲ㳣£ֻ˭֪˸ؾᣬһƱҪݳΪ¹ٲŴӦҸʿǽ£ҸȻ˳οﵱݼҸʲô
ΪһЦɳ£ʵ۵ĵңڡ
ﺬǴ̶ⲻüһв
Ǳĸѹĸݳ͵ؾῴûµȻǲϽģ֮һֵǾȻʵԸؾǻĻҲͲϹˡ
ô㻹ĸ󲻳ɣ
üͷȻֽ˽û˼
ԭ绹һ¶Ҷһ㶼֪ôҲҿ࡭
ɫԽԽڣҴס֪ǿ쵽ˡ 
أǴΪ˺ɣ
ϵ̥ǡ
üͷһôаŰɣⶫѵʲôɣ
ɰ֪𣿡
֪ϹŸҵġ
Ņָָ̀ңϿʮ˰ɡ
ŵһ¸Ѽ˵Ȧ





 137 

ϵ̥ǷԡѪƿչӣ΢ƺʲôһϸܿһͻְȥ͹
ЦҲи޶Ȱɣ
۳ң൱ࡣ
ûҪ֮㡣 
ѹȻԼ֪ĳشԭȴû뵽Ŀࡣ
㵹˵ʹ죬Ҳв㣿
⻰ʵĲҪǾ˵һ㣿
ҲǣϾǸԸԿ
ڽĻܰˣ
ɣҵһ¡
Ǻãܰɡ
˵뿪ԯҳƳͷ䱸ɭϣôܼأ
Һǰ½кЩĪ㣬ֺӺӸ˼ɫ÷ţóˡ
ĥŸôҩʱȴս׶һ漴ȥƿӣͼװģȻܹݵİϷ
ŭĿ嵽ǰƺԤϣֻ˰Ҽܻԯ
־ɣҪ˵Сӻǡ
һػԵ˺ܾ񣬶ׯϡ
ɿŵ֣תԯߣҲŽ
ʵֻЩʱ俴Ӫʷֲ̫ľٶҲǵϹŲߵġ
ȻһΪǸiء
ڰ֣ùˮһڡ
ǺȾ˷а˹ۣο˷ʤܹؼٶ׸·
⻰ǵһЦʣͬüͷһ£ô϶ҲǼʹ¡ϲ˼ϵλƣһ豦iҲΪƵĹϵҪһ㣬ȻΪʵڲǻԱiϵĵġ
ѹ᲻ɱ㣬˼ɶθˡ
ǰǾҪ׵Ų˵ƭֿ̫ãĿ걳ۣ˵˻ǻĴЩĺã֪Լ˵ҪʲôҪʲôһľһεѾ̫࣬ԼٺԼⲻȥԸ 
˵ǲµҪ̸ף˭Ӧ 
Ҳûܹȫֻܶǲںȴ˵ǰ׼ЦԼ
˻δ̫¾ٻϹ
һ㶣ô㲻ͷϴһ£־Լ磿
Ϲû̫ͣˡûţȻŮҪԴҵԸĺݵʲô벻ۣû˭ﶼܺùЩٻЩϣӲܹȥ𣿡
ѵԼĲãȻСйһ֮ԵܿĳΨͬսȴġҲض˼ɣҵ̬Ⱦ˵ҲǸüֵȽϴĶѡ
ЩԴ㲻ţ𡭡ʲôƺԶ͸ʵҲ㣬һ˵Ҫ죬Ϊ˵Ŀ̫ðҲ̽һ̬ȣ˵ڻִ֮ȥ˵ΣǵطҵһνȥʱûúóԹһٷ
ţȷ˲ӣǹɳǵζԺ¡
ʧЦģۣͺúϢɣ˵˵
Ŷȵһ£֪𣿡
֪
нûˣġ
Сɫ֪ģ
ûйҲûмװֻ֪ЦЦȻ⣬ѹ˵ȴҲˡ
ɫֱ˱䣬һȻҵĻ
Ҫ㻰м»ҪҡǸˮǲرúȣ





 138 

ղŸ˵ôϻ޷Ǿʱҩ˵ɫ÷ҩ´λһ֡
ʲôĿģ ʳ仰ʱѵģҾо綾Ҳ¡
ҵȻ֪ҲһϴĲһ㶾ҩĪˡ
ûϵʮĲ鲻ԸҲ޼ƿʩˡ
ҩĺô÷Ƚ϶ֻ࣬ҪҩζŨƵúþܵҩʹ˵һΣϣûмǴ
ü𣬻ûгѾǰ̵Чʮˡ
ΪĵطҪ൱һرΧµĵط˭֪Ȼ͸һӣ
ȻСź͵λҲ˽ģŵֲɵӶһĸһҸС϶ǲϷеġЩߣʹϤСȴҲһȫߵ̣ԼٽȥҲѡ
ƽæʱûʲôͰ˯һӲؾͿϣ˯ô˵û˽ա
硣
˸ӿ֡
ٲʦҪʦ˽ˡ
䣬žһµ˼թʬһ
ʲô˽˭Ӧˣ
ӦҲûã˶˽ˣ㻹أ
Ѿͷ
üͷһûһкȥģÿε˶ͱˡ
Ҳǣʦ´̼ء
ЦһǺܿĵģһƳ۾ͳ˱վŵСЩ⣬Ȼ̶һ˲ϵıûˡ
£ҸιĪ㣬־š 
ջץҵ֣ÿɺã
бۿҿķëж
ֲûƾճֵ˵ĽŰ
治ҿҵˣɿתͷƲһߡ
û´ڵȥ˻ʱ͸Ϲǲǣ
ȣҿԽ͡
ŪΪԼԲݼңȥʱж֪𣿷Ƕǵɣǵǵ޿κΣҲ˵ʲô˭ҴһǸõģ
Ѿͷ
Һһȥٸˣת㣬¾㱸
ţִȥǲǣ
ǰŴһء 
Ҫֻ֪ǸԵѡͬŵԣȫִ硭Ҫ˵ĻʵҲΣؾԭҽģ˵̫СӲǰѴ˳ȥܻʺ󲻽ҲǺչˣ;ܣˡǼģ¾֮ǰȥһλʹ֪㻹ûӡ֮ԭһ鰵ɫİ̥Ǿͱ˷ˣΪﻹԹһӣ˵ôһδĺ϶ӡʱҾͻ룬ǲڱ
ڱһӡʱӦûϻʵ۵Σµڽδ˫ۣǰΣ֪θԼ·ԱڵʱƽɰȲص˱˼뵽ĵط˷ĻǸ
ҾȻЩ˵»жʮ꣬ԭΪԼùף˵׻ӲΪһӵˡЩ¾ϿԽܣȴʾϾͲܵ˺ˣѹϹǲ̫Ը˵ЩҴ
֪һλһסĻ˭
ھð䵽Ҫ췴ĵزŹ
ˣϹ
ô
Ľʱ򱻴üɾֻҪ̫󿪿˵ҲھǴȥ̫֮ûΪĽ˵ΪݲܵܡϲҲãǲΪĽҪĵλ
ȵȣĽھѵһϵƣûĽϵıھÿʲôȥ
һۣһ޵ĽҲǸҰļˣ£ûнӴǴɽҹϮϹڰ꣬ʵȴĽ쳿ʦ֮أΪľǳ䲻ھһ˵ûĽھûϹֻУһսĺƯʱûҲ¶档쳿ۼĽȥϹѸҺԼҧ䲻ɱһʬȫޣֻ
ϹôÿҶҪӱ˿в֪
ھȻҲֶΣҪûϹߵһʹ㿪ʳǲŻԶ˶̧ͷңǰһʱϹֻ˾ׯλĵٱǰʱΪʲô˵˰ɣ³ɺ޼һܲϹ𣿡





 139 

ʱһС͸һɫԶ̤ˮʣɫɹ񷡣
˵磬ϴ·ɡ
ϴ·ôܡ鳤úرʯͷոǲǼ
סһŰȥĳ嶯ѵν¾㱸ҪҴӾ
ⲻǶһ٣ɴ൱ͲҪƳȥôȦʲô
ɡףҪȥҲ򵥰⻨ҶٹѰһҪʱҶڳһߵ·ˡңΪŢߵúϹ֪Լ㣬о仰˵úãνΣյĵطȫĵطҲΪõзɾ裬Ϊ֣ؼʱȫˡһæҲǿϣ۸ǵȥɽׯ˫Σң
ǺܰȫԼأѵҾͲᵣˣ
µ룬˿һܡ
ͲһΣСӴϱûպ㣬ôѾͷ
ǻҶء
򵥣ǰпʲôû
Ĩڵʲôô
񲻺ʹģҵͷǰ
۰ãһƬ߷ԶһЩ·ܿһģĽ
Ǹʲôǲǣô໨ֶüǣ˭ӱˡ
𣿡
ԣǸʲôġ
֪ԼԸ˭ġ
ǰһΣȽµ·òƽ̹Щ̧ͷһ£ͻȻͷ˵ʲôѾбվ˳һ˹
ò˱ǻһ
ʲô
¹⿴ȥéǰиģӰΪɢĲ
˭
˵һȦ˭пܣȥ
ң
ѵеˣ
ʹɣֲֻӲͷƤ˹ȥ
߿ЩҾߵʯͷӣûȻУͳûǰܵ˶İҪӺ滹ˡˣͶһѣ
ǰ˲ıղŶʹסˣſݺϴҳһøӿҲ±Ӧ
ܰʲôˣ
㲻ǱѺؾôƫҪκһţ
Ŵ߳ĹȻһϮ°Ӱ硣
ӰˮȰɡ
ҲûһҲ̫ˣϷǿ졣
ʲôҵƫԶ
ȿȿȣһʮ꺮ֻΪһꡭ
翪ʼϹҲûţӺĴȥԿһľ崲һӺͼӣһƬ³ЩɶҲûˣɶҲûУ˵ҶӵӰӰûƼ
ſŲ𣿡
էȻһߴһʪشβһ·˲ɵͷƤһ顣

׷ô࣬Ǹ˴š
ŪŶǰһ鷢ϵĲ͹ࡣ
һ飬Ҳºʲôණ
ˮ̣²ɿڣôණӻִң˭㻹Ű
һָָڶ棬˪䣬۶Ƶľۡ
㵽˵üЦͷȻǱ߻ģ̫ˡ
ͷѣôҪСһʴȣ
ǰǷҪҵʵûٴλĳǰʵҷһ
ܶ鲢һ˰˵ģŲϣȥı䣬˾ʲôҲûˡ
С̧ͷֱضϲŪͷ֣˫ôƾģ
ӣ̲סЦһҥԺ˰ʱҰŵĻȥϹ˻飬ǰ̼ˣ˵ǹŲҲͲˣСͻȻͲ˵ҿ˰죬ȻһԶذЩ֪֪ȫ˳ЩԭҲЩףܽи׿ڸЩʵڲҷģҲűνʺʱһܺ𼸰дС죬Ҫʮ֮˫ֻҪûˡ
ʲô˵ȷϹķ񣬼ʹεĲɫʱ˵ֻ٣˵̫ʹ˰ɡ
ನɨʵߵһߣʱϹȷʵɱģҪߵɱı鲻Ǻܺÿں¸ʱżꣿȴۺѪȾɳݣֱ⼸ϵ٣һֻ²ǰ׹ǳ졢Ѫɺܽȥġ
Ҳ˲ϲ֪ʱ߳亹ɫЩѹ֡˵ʲôأϹһʲôħʲôһ
ʱҲڼû֮ûҲûƼô£ǼܲԼӶɣ
ıһ˲Σһأڵʲôδ̫ס
ǺʧѪ࣬һ·˺Լ·ŵġϢ˹ſѪĻŵˣȥ˵ʱ϶״Σٳҵ۾ͱˮˣϱŴϵ˺ݺݿһʱڼȥϴ˸軻·ʱͲˣ˼ǱźͿˣҸʣǸҴȻǸȥˡ˼˵ֽٰӻȥܼһѾϱӻˡЩ־ΣԼԲס⺢ӣȶЩұȥǸʽҩϧҩֶܳϽŵȴóģ˱ֻȥҰ˹ֵҽκƮ죬òЩҹȥֲˣͷϹҴˣֻΪʱϵʱ̫˫ʼǷˡ





 140 

⻹м£ҼȻ֪Ҳ㡭
Ǵ磬Ƕ磬Ѳ綼Ӳ
֪˫ֱ£Ҳ֪Ƣοݼʢ̫ͷ϶ȥϹҵʱϹչķǡһأԭǼǰֲűˣӰ첻ʲôֻ˭Ҳû뵽ĳ֣ڵʱϹ˵޸֮һϹҲȴŲʣûκλ֮ԼĶӱƽȥʮ
Ҳ֪ô˵źˣѹĽ˵ݼ¶ԲϹҲ֪ô໹Ϊ˻ȴ˸š
ңЩԲҵҶҪһĶú
վ˵˲٣ɫһĲ԰Ө䣬˵Ŀǽҧźݾ
Ȳ˵ôҶأ
ǵʱѾûˣˮȵȻûãҵ͸ˡ
һֱδڵڱ˵̯֣ȻһСƬֽ
죿
ⲻϻɫֽѵǳһģһģ
б֮ɫ㶣漴׹ֱ˵˰ɣӣںпڷĪϡ
Ī磿ʲôЦĶܱǻ죿
ǣʲô˼һ˵Ҿ;ñġ
ǻѵΪ˴Ҷӵ⣿
бһۣС֮ġһ·ŷĪģʲô¶
ŶҶûϵͺãŷĪʲô
һг䲻⣬ñƾʧվû
ȵȣ⻰⣬ҶӣǾǡ
ڰϹ
ѲԶѣҲԶĵˡȻھҲһҲûʵͻϹ
ڽ˾͸þˣתͷΣҲЦҾֲֻᡣ
٣ˣ㵹ǸԸ
ڹϲǺ۵С۵ʱҿڡ
֪Īĸȥˣ
ʮа˾ǱϹȥˡ 
ܺãϹһ˼ȫһˮˡ
৵һվ˲Եĳҡ
ʲôϽ߰ɣǰ֮ǰ
˵Ҫ׷ܳȥģûһܵǰ棬ߵǸСͯҲҿ
Ϊﲻƽ⣬һûҪģ֪˵Լ˻ǱϹˣǰϲ˱ԵľϹŸ˶þ˲ˡ
˵һۻĲǶ絹Ǿֻۣ飬ҲܵЩˣɫǺÿ˲١
ҵʱܵñʲô죬д׷ʮǱˣôͲˣ
ҷ˷ۣ˵ҪһûסҪȥ
ƳۿұһЦһὫҴǰ
ʱԽ죬ѾͣˣɫƸȥ룬Ũزɢȥ
ʱЩˣٽɾҪսˡ뵽ҽ鸡һûɱȥԥĵڣôһֲֻɷ˵ľͽ˦˳ȥ
֣㲻֪𣿣
Ѿͷ
ںһӳȥ˰أ䱻ĳסһѷɵŻ
һ亹չǹɱҵԸ񲻿ɱĳͽק۵ޣӦϵһַӦȴûϵɺݾӲǸҳ˹˦һӽıӽ
ĿҰ죬ƲǹһĨЦҡҡͷҲ˵ʲô
侲һɨ˶ɵסˣղԥǰĵطбһ֧ȫûУղûƳȥλþǵؿġ
ص£ƽʱƤٺʱҲ˼ĺǴľ֮⣬ղһһҽһǸͷһǴأǧһ֮ʾۻ㾫׼ʵס
Ǹ
ڰ֣ȴüɣƺݡ
˭˵أ˳Ŀ⿴ȥӰ߳һĽ˭
ϧˣƽ״ôõĻᡣ
¹ĽûбϣĿ¡
ҹһ˿⣬պܽƮм˿˿ζ
˭ң㲻ǺҪ𣿡
۲źۼǰһǰ
ڱҸϣϡ
Ľ΢΢°ֻͣЦ
Ϊƾһ֮ܶԿ
ûԹô֪أ
˵ţżһʯӴһΪȷˡ
ϺȻһתͷȥǶ硣
ߡһشָڣСϹãѾͷȹȥ
ԴĽɫͱðɭɭڽӲĵͷһԾһûӦѾһɿˡ
Խ¶͸ѪˮĳζԽŨءЪս˻ײ
ºڷ粻ߣŨʱֲָƵʱҹ΢ȷѪꡣ





 141 

ˣˣͣͣ£
ڰŸͼԼĵһܣ
Ǹ㣬û㣡ָűͻȻ㵽һãȻ޴ĵܰӷħˣϽͣ
ҿûҪ׼һͣ˽ţĮĮȻתͷңЩ㯡 
޹񶢵ֱӣҪôƺҲܾˣôĿֳ֮һѷͷֱ̫ƶ֪Ҫڸʲôźˡ
ʱ̨ϷԳ̨֣ɱ¾ߣ䲻㲻״ˣҪɷ羰жɷ羰
֣ʹģ
ɱһĲҽУбҪ𣬲ͰϸƤһ飬û˺ƤУں֪һ־ˣ
ŵ˵ĺȥ˷ߡ
ͷ棬ӺȻһ½סɫȸղżѿ
вҸ̧ͷȥˣʲô
ȫžۡ
죬쵽
ɫƫƣѸ̧ͷһۣͼĪվмһֱԫһйٱʣüĿǳ
ʲôʱȥݰ˹ֵйΪʦˣүӵйٱʣô쵽ģ
ƿҪǹ¹˲䣬һֻǹڱб̶Һԥ̧ŷһߡ
ڲŵĿң۾ԲҲӲͷµˣ׹ص󣬽žһĨʲôˡ
ƾŸղŶʱڼס·ұ£վðͷ
ĬĬز˰亹ǳƽȵСĸζǺܾûô̼ˣҲǸղսǱĬʹ޹ġ
õǿ졣
˭ûײǾõ¿ĿȴңⲻСϹǿ 
̨мɫӰں嫴У࣬ȡ˸һɫߣβ֮ϱѪһƵҵգ·ȼŰٹҹУ֮޻
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ĽϵǱΪãټԼϵıҴͥ󣬹⿿Ҳûã˫ȭѵ֣ҹѡ
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