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 Name : ӿ  Date : 04-06-2005 17:06  Line : 2090  Read : 126  
  [3430] ҹ      
  һ 
ܾãŸһĻ¶ס 
Ȼ׵˯еСҴ˱ǡŲĸ׵Ϣƽȣ˶ģ߳䡣 
һ࣬ҩ͸ú¯ϼţֽúĸ׵ϴã˻ط﻽ǡ 
ۣ硭 
"˿¯ӡ"ѹ"˯ֳۻˡ" 
"磬㻹һ"˼ѣ 
ЦЦ"û¡ʱ䲻磬ȥƬˡ" 
"磬¡"ǿڵе㲻˼ 
"˵ɣŤŤġ"ʣ"緹Ǯûˣ" 
"СҶСҶҪǩ˵ǺСһͬĹϷġ"Ź⡣СҶʶͬѧ 
մӦתš 
ߵǽѱûѬڣ߲¥¥ľƵģͷ֨֨ŤŤš¥żҰ˻к"簡" 
Цŵͷ 
ߵ⣬ŪĽֵƻδϨԶ޺Ҳǲ߲ݡһʱ侹ʲôʱֻ̣ҹ 
Ϻ1937ꡣ 











߳Ūã糵ˡ 
ϳ˾áÿζͷ࣬졣˿ֻѰ˸λ¡ 
⣬ʱӹ·ˣڻư̡;ӰԺۼſѻ»Ĵɹģ֧°欵Ц 
һ˶Ĺ"ǾޱʺСݵӰԹ"·ŵݣ磬Լǵ֡ģС˼ 
ɣġ֪ԼղΪβ˼ʹӦǵȻȷʵⲿƬӣҲǸ׵ģϵ 
ղЩա 
³ֲʮӣŵƬÿʱܻǿһˡĽŲʱչʱɢһصĵʰ޺ãòĸ޵ģһʰ׵ 
ѺԼ׬˼ӡ 
ӹܵߵʦᣬȴǼΨһųԷ̸ףԼæ 
ԴˣϲġΪɣãǰ·˼׻ΧߣӰ׽Ҳֻÿ峿ʱʱȴΣõͶ롣 
ʱ͸ббսڣӰĶܸߣ̧ͷֻ΢õɫĳз 
Щ˷ܣ⼸ĵӰݵĦŮ;ΪŮܾĥڱǰȣຣĹ¡ǵһϷģŮɱ˹֣Ȱ 
"ӢӢĪԼдңֻҵΪѧҵ㲻ˡӢӢ֪˺Լӣʹҵİ" 
鲻Խ³ǰ׵ݣ"㲻"һʱۿ΢΢ 
ȴʧɫת 
ֻһ忡бſϣЦ֣ڵ"ݵúã"ɫö 
հ϶ʱӡ쳱޲Ҹضȥ"Բ𣬶Բ" 
ȴЦ"öԲ𣿶Բ˭" 
Ų˵ 
Ӱֱǰϸϸ"Աǰôû" 
"׵ġ"յ 
˵"ݵúöˡ"ⲿϷǡ 
ΪԼƽ¶˿Ц 
Ӷ˶٣ֵ"δ̴ء" 
"ա" 
Ц"֣һǵáһգȫϺ˶ǵã"˵ˣͷҲصġ 
ס˺֣˱֣ȴֲ˵Լģ󻹶ôһĪĻ˵ӢͦΣҲظװƴƤЬɡ 
ɣʲôأƬܽôһ 
룬˭ôһˡ 
ٺ½ˣæµ֧ƼϵᣣϾ¡ 
ˡ 











ŵһ˫ţ°һ""Աܽױˡ 
ݺ޺޵"ȫϷģ"Ҳֻ̾Աȹűߵȡ 
ֹһͷسѻϷŨױЩ糾ζ 
ݳεЦ"ѽ" 
"ʼɡ"̯̯֡ 
ⳡϷ˵εŮ"ӢӢ"ǰѡҪݳĵҪģҪʹ 
հһСϹһľӣͷŻ̵̿ӡӽֽ߳սŪá룬ų̂ʡ 
뾵ͷ 
ԭƣüۣ""һѶ˾һһЦ۳ 
Цúϲ£졣 
"ӢӢ"СõŮԱΧһؽͷ"ĺȦ֪˭ȥˣ" 
һ˵"ã̲ݴߵÿɽ" 
"˭˵ү"Ϊȡ 
"̲ݴѽ˭"˼֡ 
һЦ"ø'ɧ'" 
üԭ۶ôʵҲŲȥ˵߼䡣 
ʦ磬֦ɼӣϰֽõīϻԶԶһҲ治ʵɼٵĻǼٵģʱһã̱ɢʦֻµġ 
ˣĥһ硣 
ʱ֣һǽ֮ƬﶸȻҵչӦǵ£ҴҸϳȥȴӰ 
ʣ"Сأ" 
ʵùŹֵ"Сӣ"Ц"Сߣ" 
æ׷ȥûԶվڴſڵդǰȹŮѧǩ 
ΪСܣֻӲͷƤǰ"С㣬鷳ǩ" 
һ㶣"㣬ǴӵСô" 
վúܣͷ"Զԣ벻С㾹ϵҡ" 
"Ҫǩǣ"Ц"ֽأ" 
ջſտյ˫֣סۻȥãֲȣҪðһԵŮѧǼˣŻˮıʼǱЦ 
Ǻգ˼ 
ȴݹһ鿧ɫ־"򣬲ǩɡ" 
ϤģȵϢĶϣ۽һƳȻס糿λŹֵİˣ 
ӹŴţͷɷд"㵹󷽣ֵüɵĸߵͱô̤ˣ㲻ۣ"д꣬Цŵݸա 
ԥ֪òýӡ 
İһУ"ҲڸһʶλǾޱʺأţգ" 
һ滹ǵԼ֡ 
ˣüһ"ȻȫϺ̲˶ңﲻң" 
ȻȻʶһ§ͷ򣬱ղȥϰ壬籾Ѿͨ³ܲŮǣʲð 
ԭǸݡ 
£վźΣ"Բˡ죿Ҫô¡Ǯ" 
ȻЦ"־ɲֵּǮȻѸǩ˼Ǯȥɡ" 
յлת뿪ϡǻЦš 
"˭ҿɲҪ֣Ƥܴˣ" 
"Ȼҵľͷ" 
"˭" 
ԶˣҲˣûĴ𰸡˭ֹʲôءȻȻ鲻ԽĬ顣ȾĪҲ˰գ 
صƬ˶ɢˣŷлץǿ־̯īһƬ 
ԼǱĺˮ䦻ġ 











ʦ˱ԭ·ؼҡΪʡǮûٳ˵糵һ˶ڻƻš 
ϷԺſڵĻưгһУһֵۣͷȥԼ¾ֽ̣ʱֵŮɲżͷƤЬֲ߽ʿŲֽ֣"""Ҷ"ĽķֻЦŴԾ 
Ƭ̵ʧ 
Լӵ㣬սϤŪá 
һȺ¥׵ĹˮͷϴѡСҲȺУСĸӣŸˮЦ"磬" 
"أ"մҴĨĨ·ļ˵ݸ 
ӹϴ"춼˯ţѹһΣ˼ˮˡ" 
"أ"÷ѧ˰ɡ 
"ڷΡ"˵ţ̧ͷͰ͵ؿ 
һҧ"Сãٵȼ£취ġ" 
ɵصͷ 
̾ϢγҲͽѧãˣÿµ˹ֻһ˵ĿǵѧҲ⼸ٳġֻǿ䣬ʮˣȴûϹһѧ 
𷽲żŮѧǣǵȹһʽķױ񡭡پΣϸļ 
˿¥һƬú¯ĳ˵ĸ°ģų̵š¥ֻصͷȥ˵Ļǻ 
ϰߣĿбӵ¥һͤӼ䣻䲢ΪԼֻһ棬ЦȥڵСëͷ档 
Ҳá 
ס¥ûһʵͥ˱ˣԼΪưܵļͥ±ۣһӷǣ֮Ҳֳ˽ޣ׵˼ңסһңǲ׵ġ 
ŮŮŮĺӡ 
ǣڵСëͷĸױˡįؿգֻܸһε΢Ц 
߽Լˡ 
ڿʼǵֻСѡһú¯һŰСһ沼ǵС 
ڴдΡʮˣݸߵĸСϣ۵ùǺţͷЦ"磬" 
ƿһĸס׵س˯ţ΢ƺһ˿ŮĽ 
ĿĴǰǽͷһϸͷعȫ滻۵һĸۣõĳӣߣǰ˺Ƭ壬ѷˡ 
ʱ𣬵ú͵ƣС⣬һŵĽֵҲȼˡ 
ӣͷкã"ǣѹˣ䣬ó" 
ӷͷæһú¯żҰţ͸һɣ"Լըģǳ" 
ɻţȵð͡Ȧһ죬治֪˵ʲôˡ 
żҰЦЦ"ãп˵˵"˵գȥˡ 
һ飬ڿؾ׽ӣҲĨֻ"㣡" 
öЦˡ 
ϵó극սĸף"裬һɡ" 
֥ë˲ŶӣĿǻɢģ"ôˣ" 
յ"裬ˡ" 
֥⿴""˵"СգҲǳԣҡ" 
̾"裬һûԶˡ"תСʢ˷"ôԼڰɡ" 
ҪȥӣһСƿˣ"СգҲǺö˳ɣԣ" 
ǲ죺"裬ôˣϴδģ˾£" 
֥һڣ"ʲôˣʲô"Сݰڣ"ǺöͲȫ⣡" 
䲻ʶ࣬һ˵"磬ҩѼˣҪҪ" 
"ҩҩҩҪң"֥Թһ󣬾ѱһɣصؿ 
ҡҡͷԡ 
ҹǼ˯ģҪΪʡúǮܳģղ⡣͵һ𣬽ǽһϮ޴ӡ 
վţȻ׿ڴ־ỽһûдӦȻ˯ˡˣϵּģˣǩһɡ 
ţĵذ־ͳƽˣѹ¡ 
ԶĽϴѣԼԼģСлеرۡ 











ҹ¹ëëģڶŵʱŪ˺üСˮݡСŹһһŲЬʪЬףֺˮܵúܡ 
죬һƬǻҪһ꣬ɼֻһѾɡˡ 
˳ǣ׼ʱƬֻ֡͵̸˼ĵĵӰ"صⲿܸܲµǰ⾵ҸսϷҪĵġ" 
"˭ôӣǵΪŲʱ䣿"صΪȡ 
Цһ"ȻѽҲϵõġ" 
һ֣˶䡣 
صݹֽе"ȻϵãȥСһɳ죬ڷ޵ѧλ˵˽ʯڣ֪ٵӰ˾ϰΪǩԼͷأôϰˣ" 
ͷЦ"ϰӢ͹˾ǩϷԼܲˡ"Ϊ⣬ſϰ壬Ȼ 
"㣬ڲӪں"ص̾ 
۽һƳմ߹"С" 
û뵽סЩ"С㣬ӡ" 
"òϴ˰ɣ" 
"Ǳˮ䦻ˣ"ʵش𣬰׼õǵҵǰ"С㣬鷳Ļٸǩһɣ" 
һЦˣ"ǣһƲɫˣ" 
̧ۿ֪Ϊ˵⻰ 
"㻹֪"ҡͷգգۣ"ҾͲ˵ˣʽ֪ͨɡ" 
һͷˮʣȴƵʼ磬߿ˡ 
һж㷲ƺЩϣ˵ϣʲôֱ˹ 
ȻˣϷϸܵ˿¶ϣâЩɥӿ˽Ų 
ȣԭΪǽԼ·ġ·߿˿ȴɲظ 
ֻһϣⷳ˵Ķա 
ȴ˸ųں"գգ" 











δ 
ɫ 








ڶ 
˺֣"գգ" 
һͣס˽Ųȥ 
Ľγͣ£ɫĳžһˣһϤܵһжˮΰ㵭ɢȥΨȴīƵһ㣬з͸ 
նˡ 
"Ÿϳ"Ȼ 
ʶӣɻǱקסֱۣһʹ˳ 
"ô꣬ҲŰɡ"Ȼ˳š 
յͷԼʪӲסˮƤ˺üȦˮգǸ"Բ𣬰ĳӸŪˡ" 
Ȼü"ΪÿμҶ˵ԲʲôģȤ" 
㶵أ"Ǹ˵ʲô" 
Ȼ̾"ѹ˵ͷԵģȰұǩأ" 
"ǩǩʲô"һ 
ȻЦ"Ҽȥ㣡"˵գš 
ջδӦɫɷסÿ춼˵ĵ糵СͬټȻ÷۵糸ƵģʱֻͷĿѣ̱αϡ 
"ôˣ"Ȼ 
ס죺"ҡҪ³" 
"㲻һ꣬ð˰ɣ"Ȼ٣"Ҽҩټһ£ǰͷˣ" 
յͷƬ̣βסθľΣ"ҡ롭£" 
δ䣬ȻѲ¼ɲƿγﲻ˵³ 
亹乣ֵǸ˳ͷֱǰײײǰߣְգ죿ҵˣ 
"ıߣҼ"Ȼһѷסļ硣 
س"ң" 
ȻŬŬ죺"Σ"ȥ塣 
̧ͷ"ѽ"һԭһŪõ׵ʽ¥שߺ̴ѣɫ¶̨һֱӵȡһ֦ۺļҴοյԺǽ̽ͷ 
ɷǺÿ 
仹δһ뵽ԭҪԼ³ģǾЩЦ⡣ 











ֻǱ˼رµ"ɶ켸ѽҺЩţ" 
Ȼ"ٷϻ쿪ţҵĿ˲" 
ŵǸŮӶŻŵؽһֽɡ浽˵ͷ"Ѷʪˡ" 
Ȼϣ"ţ" 
վúܣȴܳľ⣬ۡ 
ŮӶȻòչɫæֽɡǱ֣ȴ磬ǲм 
С԰Ȼǰշ˿ڣɳϣ"Ϣһ¡"ֻͷԸŮӶ"ȥ뽪֭" 
æ"æˣѲˡ" 
Ȼ̽"ģ" 
һնȻͨ죬ײ 
ȻƸϣü"ộòǷ˰ɣӹδҲ̫Щ" 
һģ䣬̵̣ȻɧҲ֪ԼôˣֻͷסЩҡĪĲˣ 
Ȼһʪ͸ĳֺ"裬ȥյϴˮ׸ɾ" 
ӦƬ˵ǹ¯ˮˣʱϴ 
Ȼ֣"ϴˮ裬" 
æһ"̫ˣһؼҰɣ" 
"ģ˵ʲô򲻴ģ"Ȼһͷſڣ"˵ǻҪ̸أ" 
"¡"ɻǸЦģ 
"ϴ趼˰ɣҪҪҰ㣿"Ҫ 
һæ˫ְ赲⣬Źˡ 
Ȼţ"㻻ѻûأ"տŷ죬·ݸ 
ŵ"Ҵûԡϴ裬ҡҲ" 
ȻΪȻЦ"ȥϴɡţʲôҪʵľʹˣɫˮͷǹˮıš" 
ճмЦЦšһתؿһɵǺǵԼЦţһƣ֪洩¾ 
С󣬻δһİ˶Լù̼䣬ͻУֲ桭 











Ȼָ°ȫϴ衣ˮôһڣȫ߳һϸܵĺ飬ƣ͸оҲ˲١ 
ţȻվԭأǲ˼"ϴˡ" 
Ȼţ̧۳ȥһ"գ" 
Īﴩˣ㷵سԼҲûʲôȱʧɴű˵ѣЩȻ˵"ϾҪˣһȥɡ" 
Ȼûϸ 
ֻڳʪƤϣɬɬزţԼվǰǺ׳ġ 
Σȴڽкõ"ҹûˣ" 
ձһ"ʲô" 
ȻЦ"ˣǻδʽʶءȻڳһӰ" 
յͷ"ЩҶ˵ġ" 
ȻЦʣ"ûѰӰƬǣ" 
ֵͷ 
Ȼɫ"֪֪أ" 
ҪͷȻסʲô˵ʲô 
Ȼһһֵ˵"ʽμҵӰƬ˹һǣ㿴Σ" 
ؿֻڷӳȻ"赼ݣ𣬱Ц" 
"ڿЦôԼѾݺˣĿһ¡"תȡڹİļݸ 
սӹ˫ţͷһԾţ"ôܣ赼ݣżҡ" 
"żôˣ˾ǵϡ˵ϡأҾУУ"ŵЦЦָźԼϵ"ϸһҴ𸴣" 
"Ծ"ֱðѺԼķʪһƬ 
Ȼգգۣ"ԾԹˣѲϵǶ'ӢӢ'" 
""Ǹεʱ̣һ졣 
"㵱ţֻȱһһܹ㷢ʵڣȵˡ"ȻɤƺĳֹƻԣҪˡ 
ǵģ롣 
ְѾ籾"Ӱֻûпյʱȶһ°ɡرҪݵĽɫ'Ī'үĲ֡" 
"үҲү"˵ 
Ȼֽ̧նǰһʪ𵽶ۣ"Եġݵ㲻ʶʲô'ӢӢ'ңĽһ'ӢӢ'ŮӡƣϷǵӰ" 
סʵ̫ףȻᶨ飬˲ġ 
ԭףɫˣ˵ƣ 
մʧɫ"ˣ" 
"ߵˡҶ˵ʱ䣡ˣɣ"Ȼ˵žҪȥ 
"Ҫؼˣ"ˣļ١籾Լܡ 
Ȼס"㣡" 
ձܱ߻ͷ"ˣҪγ" 
Ȼǰ׽СƵץסбűߵֽɡ"ҿɲδĴκʧ" 
ŽưǮˣ 
껹£·ѳСӣˮ""Էɽ·貵һӳˮУҲ貵һֺ£ĵ룬ÿ·䶼ˡ 
ֱ˳˫ŲϤשϣвȼЩʵĻ䡣Ҹز֪룬סǰɡվ·Եһ÷ͩǰָһؿݰܵƤ 
""졣 
Ļŭˡ 











ŵŵų¥ֻ¥ݿţӰ΢ֲǿЦ"硭" 
æ"Բµˡû԰ɣ"˵ţ߽ȴӱһ飬¶ľѪ 
"Сã"һݣסɪɪļ磬Ȼµ֣"裡ôˣ" 
ס½󣬲˵ 
ȴڵķһˣиŭ"˺üͷˣҲܹܣôס" 
ռ"ԲԲ"ؼҡ 
ʱİ¥ִЪ˹ļУ˸սǰ"磬ղǻҹ" 
ļ磺"أ˵ĶĻ£дڣ" 
ͷŲӶ 
ŤţˢˢɹǱӳմУ"ô죿ʵȰס" 
յ"쵽Խְ"ֽһԣɡ;籾ݸԼ˽ȥǵСѷصͷЬ졣 
ú͵Ʋ֪٣ŴֵƵһбߣĸ֥ɢҷͬȡڶת˫ֻţǰһڵϣૣ"Ǻöȫǻ" 
װ£ǰʣ"裬ǲʲôҰɡ" 
֥ػͷ˰ΣʲôһЦ"񳯵ĶԵģҵطзСó"˵ţס֡ 
վĸ׵֣"裬СգӰ" 
֥Цͣ"˵ġ"бһۣ"ѽ˰͵̨ƷĶˡղžͿˣҪ˵" 
̨ơһյӵС̨ƣǵٺʽģֻĸ˵ʱ׷͵ģҲ֪ΪκȻˣ 
"裬ϴʰҰ㴲ˡ"˵ţ̨˳ 
"ϵϣ"֥ 
"裬ǽãϵˡ"հݵĸ 
֥һ漰Ƹգ"Ǵµġ"ֻʧ˽ࡣ 
ʱϵһ򾲼˯ȥˡϵʮ꣬Ҳ֪ǲףº͵"ʲôҪҰæģܿڡ" 
м"ܿЩҽҩѣǰæˡ" 
ʹţԼżҰżȥһյú͵ơصУĬĬɨ 
ǽ壬Ψյ̨ƻϡ 
ǰڵϺĳָ˳ŰٺϵḧţɵһᡪĸԻڴǰǸĴǰԼĺӣѱˡ 
"磬Ķ"ָָڴϵľ籾ͺԼֽɡҲб˴ϣˮ㵽ɡ⣬ľͷذγһԲ 
"ɱˮ¥ȥˣ"æɡͻȻ˵ӰȻսľջʱ죬ɻôһ˿ϲ⣬ɢȥ 
ǽţͣס˽ţ"磬·"ȺڵϹģҲûעյķб䣬ŷˡ 
Цתȡ˼ӣкõ"ߣǳȥ" 
Ǻ䶼һһճȥˡ 











ڶ죬ϰصһҪµǰ⾵ԭ"λԱҪڼĵϷ"ص۷׷ף²⣬һλ˶ɴȻݵ˳糵 
Ƥڽ䣬ΧһвŲʡǰһϳ⽺ֻؼʰо֣һֱæҹˡ 
߹ԣ"СóüģȻ̸˰ɣ" 
̧һæվ"ǵġ" 
"㻹⣿"üһ 
"⣡ֻ̫ˣ֪Ǽˣ"ռ 
һЦˣ"ǣأ" 
մ"С㣬ҡ" 
"ȻҪװлǺȥ˵ɡ"˵Ҫߡ 
"С㣬Ѿ赼ǩԼˣҪָ̣"Ƿ 
ͷЦҵʲáҶһ£ͽɡ 
պһЦ"㣡" 
ٲȻѳѡ 
ʱ֣ȻˣŻױʦͷװʦƺƵص"һûأҪҵ̯ˣ" 
Ц"صʲôģһǺͲŻ׼һߣ" 
صһ 
Ȼѽ"صðˡҪװһͺã" 
صԣӻ֡ 
Ȼлת׶գգۣ"С㣬鷳ˡ" 
ĵصһۣ"ô"漰šϸױʦ˻ױ䡣 
ȻȺеһ㣬Ц"أҲ鷳ȥһ°ɡ" 
˻ֻڵͷӦԲŵؾ""ʣ"˭" 
ȻԼԣ˵"һعĵһӰǣСݶϷҶע֧֣" 
ղȻЦЦױʱ"αôһҲУҪء" 
Ȼһۣ"˵ʲôˣеģǵҳŷʱҶΪңܶϷҶԼ˵ôҲܣôԼҪġڣ"Цʼ硣 
׵"Ļ"˵꣬ž˻еһ˿飬ɵú 
"ϣʲôѽ"泯Żױʦȴתϡ 
ȻЦ"Ȼҵ׻׻̻壬ҪҪ" 
"ȥģҶ䶼ˡ" 
һһһԡҲƳǵĹϵͬһ㣬ֲǰǴһƬֻĬȻվţЩΡ 
ֱ᣺󻻷װȻתͷ"գзװʦҲö౸Ϸ" 
ʦϷװմؼҵѣڵ"赼ݣҰҵ·ϴˣɹˣһȥϣҲðǼӴ" 
Ȼ""һţ"Ǽӣ˼Ҽôƾɣˡ"ۼɫһЦ"ҪֶϷڼҪӦýʹڵĹע۳ԴҪõģһ㰲ţſİɡ" 
յͷס˴ 
ȻӲֵǮĸʱģˣʵڿϧ 











ǱѻѾߵװŴ¾˸ü˳۵־ͻȻй"Ȼ㾹Ҵйӣѿ" 
ȻЦ"Ķѿˣ˭˵ǵѿ"˵ţǰȥӵڣ"õӰҪѾߣأ" 
"֪ˣ뱨ǰĳ" 
"ʲô"Ȼб 
һۣ"á" 
Ȼһ׽ס֣ЦЦ㻹ʲô𣿡 
"գ"򽿺һϼɵ˼ϡ 
һװʦҰŪţΨ۾ֱֱضסǰĴ¾ 
ͷȥ 
ȴȻ֣"գ㵹ҲѲѿ" 
ջͷһЦ"ҿƯúܡ" 
ȻЦ"жĽѽ" 
"ȥġ"˦֣ѻͷһֱ"ϣˡٲȥصǴ˲ɡ" 
Ȼ"ҵһȥɡҲȥ" 
æ"Ǹҳ鲻ܵûڵһؼأ" 
Ȼ̾"أ͸ɣ" 
"ҵ㣬˱Լҡ"־һ˸Թı飬"ݣˡҲܷˡ" 
Ȼ㬵"˭Լ㰡ѵҵӻ" 
˲ЬϵĴֲۣס"Ҹɴ硣" 
Ȼһ㶣漰Ц"ʲôʱϵĴ磬ô֪" 
"ʲôʱ롭ŷĴѧ˲ϺиռСõʱɡ"Ȼ 
֪֮һЩǰ£ȻȻһϵֻ緢ģȴ֪ᱻĳĳ¶ʹķ 
"˭"Ȼס 
"̲ݴү"Ц"лᶨҪʶġ" 
ȻЦ"ǵȻϺ̲˭˲ϵ" 











δ 








ɫ 
 
˺죬ƽġ 
ģǵƤºƵƽʱδתֻҪ߶Ƥ塣Ƭˡͷ겻ͨ磬ٲȻ˹¯䡣 
صſֻоͷշ⾵չҲ⣬ȻȴԹֻŵʹƬ̣Ͼص˼ٶ໰һһչȥڵβ 
ӰĻѳաۣ۲λ﹤ʱȴδעˡ˽ţϸģԼڲ԰׶ӡ 
Ȼǿ̱ܽȻȻ۲ſСӵġ 
Ȼ׼ʱ°࣬ʦæǰæ׼ߡʦЩȻȰ"СЪȥɡ" 
ЦֽŲÿС 
Ҳֻݵʱһԣط籾ʵÿ춼ʱú͵±̨ʣ⼸Ѽǵð˾ŷ֡ﻹǲЩŽЩ΢ʧȻʧˡ 
˵ȻЩ춼ûӰֻ˵æ⾰أݵȵضת 
ǸʱƬӴ㣬ڲϻɽˮ㵱ӣϻ㵱԰֣ž鵽ȥġ֪Ͷʲ쳣һһ⣬о顣 
ϷҲ½½͵ͷźüʱĳװȻҪĵƬǵݡѣߺЦֻ 
Ҫ٩䣺"ѽѲ̫ã֪ôʽѰɡ"Ҫƽң"컻ˣѾհһԼӵķɡ" 
ֱҪǺͣס졣 
ֻýһһɫףڣǺ 
һƵ"ѽÿ"漰Ц"Ҫװѽɫ׵úܣƽʱȴϰӣĵвɫȻ㿴˹ǣɫԳ" 
վԱ߼ˣţĿţҡͷ 
ҲЩԾžеԼЩ㯡ϧڡġ 
Ȼȣһϲȴ"ϣҲˣүõˣ"˵ţŸ߸ЬҴҵسš 
һ̽ƼһӳĺɫγͣӰǰһɫеڳԣռ룬һϣλүɣ˳رԽĵ΢Ц 
ЩܡΪΪȻȻһ룬ⲻΪԼȻˡ۴ǰβ࣬ξǵ£մıߡ 
һˣԾͷˣĵس 
ǽȥġ 











ȻֱӰƬ⾵һղŻһž͵ص§ס֫Ц"ˣ㲻԰ɣ" 
صЦһ"ĸң"գˡ 
ȻΪȻʼ"ʽѾλˣպġ̨ʱˣ" 
죺"һûտţһˣѾ籾ùˣȥ" 
"˭"ȻװΣ˸"ô" 
æ"̨ʵǱˡ" 
"ã"Ȼڳļ硣 
ղ˼ЦЦ"٣ֻһһ黹ھͷǰһվ" 
"õģء"ȻЦ 
"Ƭô죿˵ʲôѲɴ''ô"һۡ 
Ȼǰ"ʹ''ɣⷴظС" 
"Ҫ"Цġ 
ҲЦȴ֪ԼΪЦ߿ˡ 
ص߼˻ȥʷ˹Ǯһֱĥɢˣ˳ȥû뵽һţͼȻɫСγϣеЦš 
ɣЦڲסڵį 
ճһûӰѲż֡ 
"գҳȥڹսǵĲ͹ݶλˡ"Ȼڵ"õѡĺˣǲţҵַңò͹ݵ˸ͳԵȥ" 
֪λΪ򶩵ģûӦ 
"ѵ㻹ҪŸ߼װСϳܲײô߰߰ɣȨ鹫Ӹ"ǰ˳ȥյ֡ 
ָһ㿪ˡ 
Ȼ΢΢"ôˣ" 
˦˦֣"Ǻܵúܡ"£ʶԼ̫ŤֻЦЦ 
Ȼ˳ţ"һῪһġ" 
Ҳ˼ٽţ˳ 











Ȼȥһҷ͹ݡļݶǽɿʽķ񻨣ߴϴİ׳ڱģعؾؽӭǰֵݲ˵ 
"ʲô"Ȼ 
ӣ"㶨ɡҿ" 
Ȼһۣػһ飺"Īүͱ˵ʱҪӡ" 
һ٣β"Ī"ƬеĽɫ 
ȻָЦ⣬˵"Ϳ߲Ũһƿ׾ƣҪõġ"ȥˣֶЦ"͸ס˰ɣֻ㣬ԱӦöðһлɫ" 
յͷ 
Ȼüͷһ"ϷڿʼǷĪ" 
"أ"ʡ 
Ȼ룺"ҵ˭" 
հƬһ飬ûҵһʵĽɫ 
Ȼͷ˼ӣЦ"ѽ汿ˣҲǵ" 
ףҲǺǵЦ 
Ȼ"ǷĪϵСҪ٣Ҫͦţ°Ҫ΢΢ĿҪƽӡ" 
ջæ"" 
߶͵Ѿƣˮĸ߽ű˾ƣ"ǣá"һףͷ󺹵ذͷæ"λӲʣҿȥһѵġ" 
ȻǿѹסЦ⣺"ãû¡"ָ˼ԪСѣˡ 
մ"֪Լʺүġ" 
Ȼ"̧ͷƱȻңӾƱҡ" 
Ļȴֱ۾ֻĿھƱС͸Һţ˲ΣԼԼ鲻ԽһڣЦˡ 
һ̧ۣȻͷһţʣ"ôˣ" 
ȻЦ"£ıÿһӶת飬ӰǼֱȦź" 
ҲЦЦ"⻰ǿô" 
ȻЦ"ȻЩүͷˣ"ƱһЦ಻ȴԽЦԽ壬"һ˷ʧķأҲҪˮˡ" 
ҧס´Լ£ԸģԸһʧķģ 
ȻһĿ⽥ɢ"ϼ£ǰǻҲ˥ˣĸ岮ֻʮĶؼ䡣ǳУǮϺ飬ȥ֪ôǶľ֣һ߾άϵһϡӮˣػˣһС" 
ĬĬͷõġ 
"˵ܲȥֻ򡭡"̾˿漰΢Ц"ݵǲ'ӢӢ'ɣ̨ʵһ̣ҾΪڶ" 
"ǣ'ӢӢ'ˣҵ''ȴѳ˴ǡû뵽ԼԶٷס"˵ڿɬ 
ձ˵οĻҲ֪Ӻδ˵ֻᣬǱԼӲرͷ⡪ʱƳϡӹ޺磬лû߲ʹȦ 
ãſڵ"㲻Ҳܳɹ˵Ƭһģմһ˵" 
"˵޾ɺã"Цһ"ҳ룬ҵֲ뿪һҧһͬా꣬Ҳͷ" 
ضס뵽ʲôҵһЦ"˰ˡ" 
նؿ˵ 
"԰ϲˣ"ع˵ȦģЩ΢ 
պ˿û£üͷ 
ȻЦ"Īζ̫˰ɣ" 
""ͷ"ѹ˵ĴӶͨͨء" 
"հգ˼ҽѣ"ȻЦȻ࣬Ǽ¶ǣսӰȤš 
˵˵ЦЦ֪䣬ѰɾȻվ"գؼȥ" 
ռĲǲȣ"㶼ˣôأ" 
Ȼ˱ۡ"Ǻǣѹǰתˡҳȥ߰ɣҹ硣"ӦʣѰͷй"ҿ" 
ֻеľ½ʳȵһţ¡¡س嵽ԼϣĿҲͣģβŵ"Ķߣ" 
ֻ˵"ǰ" 
е˻ɫĴשֵ֮ǱĽ⡣һҶƻͨ·źζиطŮӵ񻨴̽ͷȻȻк"ϺðƯ" 
Ůһͷͷ˵ 
˶һۣЦʱ磬ŮӼϸСɤӴӲԶҹܻƮ 
" 
 
սķ 
Ĵ 
ĳ 
ҹ 
ʱҵĻ 
ҲһҵԳ" 
˳ʪҹɫԾǵĶڡ˾˻·ϸܵĺסˣֱԼǸˣһ㱡 
ãȻĵؿڵ"ҸոΪǵĵӰ˸֡Сҹ顷ɺã" 
ҵƻЩ"ҹ顭" 











ӰƬ죬˺ЩߣѹѹռƬֻȻƬѯʾ飬׵һŶһԡ 
ղ⣬ǰǲιƬǽŮͬѧСҶҲֲ֣˷ܵͨ졣һĬʱ̲סˣÿһʵҪʸ 
ʦ˼ǰЩֻĵӰ͸ǵһŮǴȥԬƣÿأǡѩ 
ռôģ΢Ц"ȽƬҲӳˣһٸš" 
˶ 
ȻȻڽ"գҪȫҸ" 
ǰȥȻһ"Σǵǣ鷳λЩƬ" 
Ц"ǵȻġ"ȸ˼ţվһ𣬰͡ȫҸڹ߲ãƬĴԺġ 
һǾԱǰһŵˡңȻվڵСһԵդȦżĹոտ˻ѩ׵Ļ¶֦ͷţǺ׶ͻأ 
ƬһڵġǻϡȻͷңҵƤ϶壬Ҳëëڲڵġ 
ԶԶȥںЦš 
æ˼ͷֱѼǶˣӰƬʽġȻȰѽҪĵļϷ˵һ飬ϷݵԱǴ׵ˣټϸϸָ 
"һϷġպյϺҪⷿӡգүСסߵģĻڻϱ͵ˣԣݵѾ''棬ֻҪԼһʲô඼¡" 
"ˡ"ͷػӻ֡ 
ȻЦ"Ҿ͵Сķˡ" 
ȰںûλȻվڵߴ¥ݼһģ촰չյŮ˹ϡ"Īү"ͦİװ»𳵣ɫ˵ģ""ӣؾۣԼȼֽš 
Ȼ"" 
ջһֱֻУ۽Ƴһһԡ˫类ڿգȻһҪʲô 
Ȼ"աҪţ°ҪĿҪš" 
ױʦղ˰Ѻ 
ռȻĻȻ˲١ⳡϷһֶӡһƤ䣬һȥ÷šŵأһ뵽ڴֻʣǮ̲סһۡ 
еɡ 
Ȼ"ͣ"Ц"Ҷݵò"գ"ĴŮݳ" 
ЦЦ 
ȥǣжױ"糣үҪȥ¹òͣټɡ"˵ţ˽һ˳ȥˡ 
Ȼ̾ҡҡͷ 
ڴſڵ˺ܾãҲүи绰Ƭ˵ү˱ƽȥˣһڻز 
ʱǲ֪ձѴƽǡ 











δ 








ɫ 
 
һߺţũС 
ջ龳ʱܻ޾롣Ϸս˵һǺ쳾һ֪ͬһտʼǲһɺϣе߶Ըıһļᡣ 
ϵ˳Ȼűͯ""Ľͣ½Ųһݣ첲һУִҴҵ칫ҸϣŮǽӰٻ˾Ŭ˵"ִ"üͷһչȴ˻ķΣֻʩ» 
ܣϷġ˶Ϻ̲Ծ̫ƽʢ 
Ƭĵҵĳҡȣ""һЦ¶ڽһȻָʾӰʦתͷ""ĽţһϣͣСϡ"ͣ" 
ױϴ󲻸ˣ"ҵСȴ֣ģ" 
ȻЦ"㲻ˡŮˣעغĴͷձŮأѩ׵ĺ󾱺īڵķǹؼ۵Ůڿ洦һСȣӭܡ" 
"ѽϲ"ЦŴһǡ 
ɻױʦ˺˷ۡǿԶȻž飬۶ôĵ飬ҲΪڽнþˣȻ 
ǻһԣʱܻߵһ롣 
Ȼ˵"˵ģӰľͷĿ⡣Ƿʣڿʱӡ󣬽ҪռҲ˳¡" 
"˵ˣô"ʣ"⾰ҵˣʲôʱߣɵЩ֪ͨң" 
"Ѱ˸С'Ī'ҵϷӻû£˺ͼ̸ˣĻھͿԳ"Ȼƶ˵"ʲôҪѺͻױƷðɡ" 
бһۣ"µҲο" 
ȻЦ"֪"ѹ"˵ҵ󶨻㲻Ըҡ" 
"ȣôȣҲҪԷҲҪˣҹܻ''Ҳûҳͷʱģ"ʣ"Һү" 
""Ȼ˵ 
Цһ"ô룡ûүûҵĽ죡" 
"åͷӳϺСӶ˽̲ݷҵģΪռͷͿ֪ⷿɱ˶ˣΪΪʲôүǰأ类ˣ"Ȼ"뿪ɣ" 
Σ 
ֻԼӳ򿪿ڣ"Ҹɴ硣" 
Ȼ"ǹ㣡" 
һβɢ 
˿ºΪԼ"˿"˺ܾá룬⼸˸һηĵؿһˣҪõסһաһա 
⻹ЩĻˡ 











үӱƽһںˡ 
ݵķĪƬдĶĵӺɴı˸£ÿ̰ڣԼɷ򣻶粻ٷĪûǮƣɥ֮ȮƶʵϵУˡ 
ӵģƽʱºͣ಻ߣʱȴҪݳһͽ̬;ĩ·Բʷ֡Ȼָ"үƢд棬ֻǿ֮ĩˡ" 
ֵĪϳһ׵ĻװߣҲܲˡһžͳŸЦ"ٽһɣϰ壡׼ܷ" 
Ÿһ"ǷҶˣ" 
Ī룺"ʮ" 
"ߺߣʮȥɣϢܹһٶʮ"ЦúӶ"ѽΪ" 
ĪһȭͷҪȥƴȴ"㵹ǰһԿԹ˾ȥ" 
ȭͷ͹ǰضסˣֱϵͻͻڻ˻ַˡͷյдʵʹȴ߳뷴Ŀı΢빶ң"ϰ壬ûǮηλǷծˣٽһɣ" 
"ͣ"Ȼţ"̫ˣգݵ̫ˣ" 
"ϣ˭赼㲻ͣؿ䰡"Ŀһɨͣϣ"Сб£ٹܳͷˣ" 
ݵһǷЦ"㣬ҵ" 
"Сӣ쵹ԽԽˣ"Цǰ"үʽǨ¹ȥð˼ϯҲˣ" 
"ˣҪͣ"֪ʱȻ 
ⲻմ𻰣"ûҵϷҪΪүӣҹ赼˵" 
"ǣһȥġ"ҧгݵġ 
عͷȥȻһЦ"ǣˣ" 
룬ȥУȥأæѵ"Сһϲ̨ģͲȥ˰ɣ" 
һۣ"ⲻǴĲ" 
"յ˼ˡǲӣֻǶλͷ쵱ĴĴǡգ˵ĶԲԣ"ȻЦ 
"ǲǣ"æͣȴһ˫ۣУֻó˸Цһ"ȥȥ" 











ջƻ裬˳˸硣ȻӳĺγһۣŵشЦ"үģĪûȥɣ" 
һۣ"С"ǰȥˡȻֻĬĬ 
˾Ȼģһ·ֻЦﲻϡ֪Ϊ¼Ц"Сôƾһֻ֧Ϻ" 
Сֱͷ"ôǣү磬Ҳˡ" 
Цͣ"ҿ󲻳ʱģ"ֲͷգ"أ᲻Ữ" 
մ"ᡣСʱݼȥҲǳ˹Сġ" 
Ȼ"Ȼﵴأ㻹ǵ" 
ȻһֱŴ⣬Ҳûͷֻס 
һЦ"ʲôʱٵ԰СɣСҲϡ" 
ҧס´ĵǱҵĺã 
ǰУ·ͦεķͩѵĸʽ󷿣ֹЩʱ̣ǰ·ԽԽխˣ͸೤ʵĵΧֻһĵĲƺ쿪ȥͷһߴıӢʽϽš 
Ц"ƣǾү¹ݣ" 
Ŀɿڴ 
Ӵţ˽·һΣ˹ǰ˴Ҵұǿ˳ţŰڿŮӶվſˢˢغ"С" 
ųɲ򵥡 
Ȼ˳վߣ"Щ㶫ô" 
۽ϲ̫ÿҶһ˴ 
Щװ绪ĿɢˮţƤɳȾ죬һվλߣ̶̤º͵΢Ц"ǿˡ" 
նһ߲ϴƬȲģӦþǴ˵еĳүɡǰкȴ򽿵εεغһ"壡"ʣ"أ" 
ߺǺЦ"߶磬ҲҺã" 
"ѽ壡"ǰסߵ֣"أʪЩûУЧҩ࣬˾͸" 
ҡҡͷ"ʲôҩֻࣿµط" 
һ"ѽǸϹŰ壡" 
"ǣ"岻ŭЦ"һͳλɡ"գȥͱĿ˵ 
"㣬˭һΪүء" 
"ɵСӣ"Ц"ǴĿҲǶˡ"˵ţȥ˱ף¶һϮɫƱߵĶۡڿͼ̱ȥкüλģԾԾԣ̸ 
ͤͤȺ΢Ц֡ 
ȻڴصغΪŭˣ̧ۿȴǰ 
һдʹڵ"ҳȥһ¡" 
Ȼͷ"ȥϴּôȥɣҵϯ" 
ղ̰ɫ̺һֱǰߡȥϴּ䣬ֻǾƣ͸͸ˡȺܳҵĽɫڵྲȼţѩ׵ǽӳ˼ƲӰ 
ǰĿǺڰ֪ľͷ 











ûֱͣһţһŵš 
ͬкûмһѡ͸ŷ쳯￴ʲôأͻȻǰŷп״ǳ˦ĸ׿˫֣뿪ʱ龰˸䡣 
źƽͷ߹ʧµĺľܣԵ϶ѷŴڵļֽѹţʯνīϸһԸ͸ˮ̨ƣɱͲż֦ëʺպīˮʣŵбһͷϺõı񡪡˵ݻƷλ 
ûˣ˿֪ӦãǱڵķΧס֣ͭŶ롣 
ϵǽһشīɫ޴ᣱΧϵԣһֱľذϡشһ룬ͷŻשƽ̨ʱ԰ֳֻǰж㻨ζƮƢ 
鲻Խذ̽ȥһȴȻסˡƽ̨Ͼվһˣ 
ʱ죬"˭˭Ƕ"ͳϡ 
һ£ˣŲסᣣһͷվ˳ȥһͷֻܹȣԼտյĽŲͼٵĴϢǱ 
ڿͣ½Ųϸϸֱ棬ֱȷ׷ŷġڱںѺ͵飬ûע⵽ӰԼͿˣŵǷֻһ 
ƣȻڳ֣ջǿô׷Χţ˶ˣЦ𣬿ɼǹ⣬Ȼһһ˵İϷǸ֮¡ 
кϯλԤȻ裬һ壬һȻְŶΡ 
ҹǺʴ͡δ̸𹫹ƸĹ㶫˭˭˵λǰܶôĴˣ̸𹺵õʯأжʡ"үСɻร"һ˼ɤӵ 
˸ͣ"ϣүѽ" 
ЦغȻ˵ʲôȻȴһϲ"磬ˣǴҺõȰ" 
"˼򡣲˼λ"߽š 
"ү" 
ڵϵãشˣ۽͵͵һƳҲʮͣͦģɫװŨüޣĿʡ 
նپ飬ð亹 
Ѹ˽ܣ"λȻ赼ݡ"ָգ"ҵĴա" 
΢΢ף˫ĿɨˡһľδȴĿͣȻϣ"赼ݣ" 
"˴˱˴ˡ"ȻЦɫȴб䣬ȻҲûϵԼĶֲǰ̬ɷģɡ 
ڱףǨ¾ӵļ黰΢΢Цл 
еԣЦ"磬Ҳϲ˰ɡ" 
ΰϵֱ"ˣϰѲ˶˵ǰ" 
ռı飬ƽ࣬ղŹ̫ûнаɣȻԴۼĵֺɫҲ˱Ҿƣһ 
"ʯ""""ΟhϺ"""һһʽմδŵģۼŹˡȵĳζյɴ۾Ưʴͻ֭Ϻŵǧٹֵ㱴ֲ֪Ӻδ¿ꡣ 
ȴԵļλ½ĵӰʲô˵ʲôԼԬǲǵõŮԱ 
"ãҲΪˣӻδɴûйҪǡ˲ԣ" 
Цſڣ"ǰҲһλ赼ݣ˵˵ġҹ顷ɣ˵ͷݸСѾߣ" 
ͷתȻ"˵˵Ҷݹ˷ĦŮɵģذ泯ľʽŮӣأ" 
Ȼ˾ƣ΢Ѭ"ⲻԷƱɫɣһ˶ⲿϷ㲻᲻֪Ƭѡ˵ӰʺвҰ"ֱ˵˫˲ 
ҲƱȾˣ"ôô" 
˴㶰Σг"ѽѽǲδĲݺԬǴϺĵӰҵǶλ" 
ѧųĵã䣬סӵ˫һĭӡæ־յвȻǿ飬ƽţǱˣǺãֻεٽشС 
һۣʹʰ 
ֱͷŷǿĵñ˴ϣԾţֲ֪˿ȡʳ֮ϲǣȻȡɴʱȻﻹֻأԳ 
ܣĿ⣬ǿĵãҧݺ£˾׽ʺ䣬ǵסֹҲֹˡȻѾ˱ˮ˼ڣƽϢ 
ؿٴ̧ʱȴȻһƳ 
յƤ 
һڰأ΢ЦյвڣװĵĹӶѶУԵƫƫôһȡӯڽޣʹ裬ۼ԰׵׾ֳ죬һ˲ʹЩ˳ 
⶯ˡ 











δ 








ɫ 
 
Ǵκҹ磬ºֻģ䡣 
һΣΪ顣͹ԲϣҶţһʲôϸСٶܶܲ˳Ҳֻףֻ̫ԼЩʲôЩʲôˡһҹȥΨǵȻŵı۲ԼԼƵ 
Ҳ֪ǷΪŹȣڶ쾹û糣ֱѾһ磬ˣһۣѹӵ㡣æǽ䣬Ҵ¥ȥ 
糵ʻŪÿڣոڳ˼˾Ĭ֪ĬۼԶˣɵаգΩƬʱ 
ȴ˸ 
ûϵڽԼֻ·ģ·һƣиɫѼñ߱ǲǳү˾Сô 
ס£ 
ȥƬġСָͣ·ԹĽγ 
վ㡭ң 
С𣺡ү׿ڷԸģֻ˼¡ 
үմţһȻֻȻϾǴΪ˽̶ǹɱֵܵåడ룬Ҳһ֮ԵαҪֺô 
ܵлүա㻹ǻعȥգүԼҪóġ 
СЦͷ˵ˣⲿӵĵǲ˼үǱаŵġ˼ǰһ˵ţһѿ첽ǰ˳ţһɣʲôҲϷ 
ս˫ֿǺˣǡǾ鷳ˡ˳ֲҾͳһΣƬ㡭ͻȥɡ 
Сͷ˳ӡ 
о£һ·⵹Ҳãӿֿȣδһ˿ʣѵĿĵءȳһͣæųС˻ֵٻᣬٻᡣ 
Բԡ 
СЦЦӦԽӵƬԺ 
ջعƵĳһƣ˶Χһʲôû̸ЦҲûҰۣպŸշµģһ̣һžͲżϣȴŲҽȥԲ𡭡ҳٵ𣿡 
̧ǻɵɫص̾˿㻹֪ô 
ôˣ߽΢Ԥед· 
Ȼһ߰Ū,ʱӾͷ̽˰ƽˡ 
һʲôʱ£ 
Ȼֱ 
Ӱڻ졣 
պϮ̧ͷסȻ۾ô죿𣿡 
Ȼʼ磺ģϺ˶࣬ȫúܣ 
˰һҲȻ˵е˵ƽǶԶиʮǧɣ 
˵˵ҶЦһߡ 
ȴȺţضһСձˣ˵˶಻ࣿ󲻴󣿡 
ţڨڨЦ⣬ԵȻˡ 











һɢŻ 
һų̂ʵĹϷʮûйءȻüͷѵż׵ԱҶ˵ˣ۾ǧ龵ͷֲƬѲǵһϷ𣿡 
ŵŵӦԲ赼ݡ´һģ 
Ȼŭ´Σ´ΣǾҡ 
˵ʲôȴ˻ͷϣ赼ôͷ̫ǻҪͣôĿ˳ɨȻüۣ͸ֽεЦ 
ȻͷЦݣ㰡⣬һĿȻ 
մȥ˼κڵһΰɡ˵ţأھͷǰˣҰ׵ףʧӡֳ˷Ī 
ƹƣӰ涡 
İխĹײǮһԣת뿪æ׷ϣŲ١Ȼ뵽ʲôǳ鶯ţͣˡǵľԽԽԶڣƵƮ˾ͷ 
Ų΢΢ﰵӰ 
Ȼһãͣǰ§סļ磺̫ˣ 
ޣҲǸӰʲôģб 
Ŷӵ֫ԣӰŷḻı飡޵ 
˸ŻµĹָָ󣺡ˣںͷأ 
ȻͷСȷʵǲȴϹᣬԴԭءιǣɣȻǰһΡ 
͵ػع񣬼ǰһ죺˼顣 
뵽ĶˣĪǮʹһٵǳɣ ȻЦʵ 
ճһۣҡҡͷ뷽ĪΪʲôҪͣôߣ 
Լϡգ֪еʱ򣬰޷档˵һ˿תһŴˡ˵׷ϣ׷ϡ 
³һô̵Ĺ£ 
Ȼļͷ̫ࡣ 
յͷʪ˫ۣЦҰ˵ݳ𣿡 
Ȼְǰɫݵ衣 
ģ˷ 
ȻǴѽԭԭϰ壬ǩƬأЦϰҲѷ»Ҫ˹Ƭӳ󣬻зֺġ 
۾һ˵׬ܶǮǮҾȥҽԺҲܹˣ˵˵һӣٸд̨ 
ȻЦ⣿µʱ¶ӱ˰գ 
ϾʲôǱ˵ģ붼롣 
İչȥһֵͻϲˡ 











ʱ֣ԼܽױЪȥˡ 
Ȼֻʱһ˵ϷġһĻھ籾ôдģգĪڹ԰̾ˡ 
ʢʱ㴺ľҲ鷳ֻҪɵƹʦӰЩȻչ⣬ͨɫûžͷǰļ֦֦Ŀκδͷס 
Ҫⱳǰݣ 
֮ǰȻѶָ﷽ʽ֣һ黯Ǿ廯ǰ߽ϺݣҪѵöࡣ 
֡ 
ѡʺԼıݷʽɡ 
վţջ˾ͷӰĲӰǰơͷĿӹһǾ΢΢ҺĴǰɴıӰپʹ͡һǶ˼һǶԼĻںޡ 
ٿ䣬Ȼˡ 
ͣ˻ӰȻѻȸ˽Աвθеı۷βת׷׽кá 
Լʱ򵽵ġ 
ǳɫ£ִһȣеվĩţϢֱйԱƼǡ 
ȥǲү˭ 
ƾ۽üңͶ䲻ط˶ݡ 
ȻӰֱЦүݹ٣кιɣ 
ȣҡˡ 
ŶȻһЦͷϢء 
̧ȼ⳯һ㣺Ƕ𣿡 
Ȼ˳ȥס 
ЦЦ 
Ҫҵա 
վվڹǰһߵȼ⣬ɪɪضʲôĪѲ鵽鷿ľԼһת糿С¶̻󲻰 
˵ڣȴǲ÷ġ 
ֻǰ 
赼ٿɺã 
һæȻȣҡҡ 
֪Ȼ˵ѰѽеϷݶˣȻү㣬ȥɡ 
ţЩԹͷٳ 
Ц׵ллʺá 
ȻƤһһġвүĺ«ľʲôҩ˿и 











£Ľˮ˹˳Զ𵭱ơվڵ̰ϣֻˮϵķȵʪ˵Ĵס 
׿֪Ϊ㣿 
㯵ҡҡͷ 
΢ЦΪƵڶǰķ˿֪˭𣿡 
ǳү 
ذƵľ󣬸оս𣿡 
ӣ㿪֣ǴҵȻ¡ 
ջؿõ֣̲סЦһΪˡ 
Ҳҡձ˵˼ӽΧϡ 
˾ҪֽȥˡЦۼղ˼תȥʣҵѿԵõôԸԸ⣿ 
ղ⣺úô 
ǰվߣǻݵġ 
ݣճΣԾɲ⣬ʲô˼ 
˫ֳŵΧϣ˿ϷʵɣĲ㻹Űֽ 
ͷһ𡪡ԭ 
Ȧ׷ҵɫϢţʲôŮǱ׷ΪԴ״˾˭˭Ҳ˽˿ȸǲٵģֻû뵽ֵԼͷϡ 
ǻæصүҡֻúĵӰġҲԸ룡 
ûлô 
ͷͰ͵桭ġҡԸģ 
ЦһšѣǲΪѵġֵǣˡ 
æл뿪ɲת˼ѼС 
˳ 
ϲ˵ˣҲٴүĳˡռ 
Сү˵ˣ⳵ˡͳȥǲջصġ 
ճһ򷽲ųվķڴѲˡƺȻȻϽˮ򶫡 











ֹգ¼ӵ˹ԼĪһԶԶǰֻ 
ո˵Ĳ֪Ǻãȥһ£ҲͬҷӰҡ˺ձڸķԴϴһģȴҲѰźʵģԼ㣬ֱ 
ƶʱܾίǧ谮һǡ͡ЦⱲӸһ³ա 
ղǲġжٽݶٿ̱ҲڲŶٲ 
һ죬ĵض˵·ͼ˵ҡҲǻܸҪЩϧ֮بһȻҲɲΪĵѡ 
Ȼа취ڶչ˸绰ϲεض˵֪ͨȥˡǹԢӣһضκãƬҲԶҪĻɵ⣡ 
æлֵһ˾ҪȥѵöҲȥ 
ЦðҲѲĸɣ˵岻̫ãɰǴϲ£Ҳ˼ҵ˼ 
ĸ׵ĲԥƬ̵ǡðɡ 
ȻȻʲôϲ£Ҳ˵ 
ᣡ˼̸أʲô찡򽿵εεһѡ 
£ޣգ㷿Ӷ𣿡Ȼʵ 
մûأȥ 
ȻȦסðһȥɣһǵ˾Ҳǲıı 
ЦƣëԼˣϧԼҲгӺ˾ģɲͷˣ 
ȻȻһĲš 
ָָſڣԼȥ 
Ȼ̽ͷһƣСվڴԺϴǳⲿҲǳݵİ 
ЦûҸɴǣǰѳӺ˾͸ 
æֽ͵ǲҪģôҲ˲ݴˣ 
ȻΣ漴ЦʲôȻʾԼĲǾֺˣ 
ƲƲ죺ߣˣ 











ջȻĳСȥ֥ǵĺͷ 
֥ڵòѵóţʱ⾪ԹԵضƤϲһԣǺ̸ס˷ܵͣ졣 
ʻ˲ʱӹսһŪá 
徲ӦǸսòðɣϻŴµĴשŪõкüԢӣ¥Ĺ⾰ʽļݶĴ¶̨¥иС԰ż˺͸ɫ¼ 
˳ָһƼûУǾڶ¥ϵǸλߣ¥ȥ 
ŹԢŵһ¹ݣϵĺδ͸Ա˻عϣһ˵˶¥ 
¥ǰ󲻹סм¥һѿİصΧβұɷɻʽǸµݶ˿ֵƻʱ֣촰кһƬĵĲҳڰ衣 
Աǿţ˳سһסˡ 
û뵽Ӿװ޺˵ġľذϸմյóӰ컨ϵˮƣѵ󣬶죻Ҿȫ׻ľģÿﶼд³ױ̨ʹ¾ﻹڷʱ˵űŷļԼƣĴߺͲ;߶һӦȫ 
Ȼޣ 
ѡģв𣿡 
֥ɳ£૵߶ʲôǺͲסӣڴ 
ȴסˣ㣬Ƕķӣ 
Ȼɵؿôʣ 
㶵Ҫҵ¼ôҼֱţ 
ȻЦȰЩӦɣͿɵӰˣôģ 
ЦӶͷ˼̫ˣ 
˵ţȥԷȴ֥һҵЦ 
ɫһ䣬ǰȥסļ磺裬ӿˣǳȥԷɡ 
֥·ʲôȻҵЦţԽԽڻɴ̶ļֻ 
ḧı裬ˣˣ 
ôȰססţ޿䡣ٴ̧ȻʱֻһĺȻ 
Щˡ 











δ 








ɫ 
 
֥ʮˡĨһʪ֬ĸ߽ۣںҹзۣ鷹һֱ󻪷ꡣҲģкһӾֲ˶֥֥ʮֳ硣 
ȴսܿ͸һˣء˵ƥģòãҲӣ֥ⱲǲʲôˣȴϼѰס 
ųų˱ϸȢȥˡҲȥģ֥ϣûҾʲôûˡ 
ǸȴѲǰĹ⾰ˣֻڵ͵賡ЦָˣҲһһ 
һлƨߵġ 
ٺʧķ衣 
֪ĸײǲ͡һȻͷµǻδʱһˤĸͿأҲ÷ˡ 
ֻѧҡҲʮˡһ·ϿĿģֱתǰң٣վǨ¾ӣָĸ˸ǸŮӣϸϸɵӣշһģ䣬ѿʼˡ 
һ걸 
ᣬҹ顷ӰڵϷĿȻ⾰ضϵĹС⾰ԤҪʮ죬ټصг̣¡ѰѼ°׵һ뵽Լǵһôãⲻ 
գͷڷ͹㲥ϸСɤɬɬرţŻ¼շɳս20ҡ佢5ң30Ҿ⬼ֽ䯺¸ۿڡ 
ĵһ 
ڴ󣬻׳ȥ˼ˣۼЩϼҴȥˡ㷡 
ϣƣҲ֪ʱܲܰȫˣһԵǣӲڿۻ롣 
һ仰˻̻̲ϵ̾Ϣ 
ΩȻһϡ̹ȻģǲƽϰգҲ£һǺΣ 
˼Σ𻰣ò̾ͺˡ˵ţתȥ羰 
;ķ⼫ѡ£ׯҰЩˮ⣬ټϺϵϰϰ΢磬ƽʱ֪⣬ڴ˿̣ܽ˭Ŀأ 
˸ǷתαϣرۡȻǰľԼСĿ΢ЦΪԼѰ˸ʵƣˡ 
˽֪Ȥصתͷȥ 
ձ籾ͷĬĬţֱͷۻ 
ʱĻѳ£ΩʵһĨںӰƬƬ鱡Ľ⡣˴ʰ׶ϡʱ䣬˼̣δɢŤǵӡžŶˣֻüӿŲĵĴլϡ 
Сִȣϸ߸ʯ϶òװνЬȴ˰ʲôط 
ȻǰЦϺʮ˫˫͵һ仰 
һǲԸƵģȻЦز֣Ҳٶ໰ 
һֱ˴լǰȻͣסŲعͷЦգɲǣϱأ 
·ֱȻ̧ͷȻš򸮡֣ŵݽ壬ؽһ㱡ĻңǡƴլӵˣƹǰܡλүӣеһܼҸ𡣵Ӱ˾иͬ磬̸ʱ˵լӵļñԺˡ 
Ҳһþӵ徻 
ȻȻӦʡ 
Ȼլ˶䣬дܼܵҲ̽˻ʳŶ÷䡣ұһٺΪЬ֮Щ޷ޣҲˣլװ貼úͲľ԰ֿ 
Ωգأһҹδߡ 











ƹȻ 
ڶһͽӵϷĵ籨˵ǻֽѱˡֻǴ˵̴ʮճûٵ˼СʱϢҪսˣ 
ȷҪˣһӻмҪߣţҲҪλȥ 
ɫɷףȻ 
ɫҲÿһͷûأ 
ߵſڵǼתüëˣʲôϷ 
Ȼҹ顷һû꣬һղ뿪µ׾ҪƬǲǲ֪ 
ǵźô죿ô죿˺޺޵ 
ȻӦһӰأƹأױأλǻ벻Ҫˣ 
ߣֲָʾһӽסˡ 
Ҷһ˭ļû˺ӡ뵽ĸãɵľ 
˵öԣ𣿡򿪿ڵҶżˣûȻΪŵӰǴҵѪȻҲûǳ£취μܹ˼£ֲӰأ˵أѯʴң⡣ 
ϣүվԱļˡȻв֪ʱηչүıôҶ˶ġ 
¿ 
˼Īҡľͷʽĸ̼ͥ˫״ȰֹŰ壬Ͻ⣺ҵĶСżҵĴС㶼ѵʻ䣬ҲǼһɡĪŵŵӦţĿȴĸһѾϣ۵ļգɬЦˡ 
һ꣬ȻȥһСԺﲹļͷۼعסǣλǸү˵ˣ˽ǵļãطһɲý룡 
Ȼһͷ鷳ͨһ£ 
ۼԲУ 
ȻЩˣȥӣ 
ġ۳˸Ҿغ뿪λȥϢɡ 
Ȼʶ̧٣뿪 
ոںͷ͵͵Ĵи˵Ĳٿ 











սǶ㲻ˣ˹һԷȾƣ￪ʼ߲ݵزϵıս죬ƮȳʪİУҲѹǵͷ 
򿴲ȥһҶʲô񳯾ͱоƽ񳯾 
˿ЦΣ尡 
ʲôΣ壿ղŮ̬Ը°ˡˣƽʱֵģ浽˹ؼʱ̵ˡֶ˼̳ӵʢĹ𻨾ƣʹʹЦʣǵأҲˣ 
˴𣺡ѽ￴ëƬȥˡ 
üһԣԼʥ˵ţȡЩƲȥ 
е΢ѬϹ治δɻɩ֮Ծˣ 
ʻҲգһ·Цõȥ䡣 
Ҳ˼ѣţѱеĿɬȥҲ֪Լ˵ˣǰûһƬȵСףһԾΪӰƬǣȫһˡ 
ȫ 
ıһĸмĳݣİĽ˼ĻϲʧˡԹֻԹе˶ˣתһ룬ûˣԼжٻأ 
ղǳ˵ΰˡ 
һ¶ǣ̧ۼĺɫپçԣǰ·ɵñͷ 
һ⵽⡣˿˼Ҵల˯С˼Ȼƻ𲻹Ǽ㣬΢壬֪ӺδдȮ̻ͣ 
ֳǰһȻŲԶȵ죬ȻΪԼˣһͷۼѩĳѴ͸İҹֱֱسԼϻһųͣ£һϤӰµó 
ϳ˲̬׿Ȼȣֻ˭Ŀڲ˽Żŵʣôˣôˣʱ̣أ 
ȴѼԼӰӰ´µģУóںЦ˵ôһվĨڵģз羰ô 
ڵƶͻȻ׮쾭£ԼվСǶôƵġ 
ĪǼղȻϵ𣿡߽ 
ջعͰ͵ֻǡֻû뵽塭үˡ 
˭涨ҲģЦ 
ǡүİɣڡҪ򸮵ķָȥȴϱָһʾͣڡ 
Ƶ㡣 
עı飬Цġ 
ϻڽϽĻֲһ󣬲ʵҡ£ 
ҸһҴνţüһָ̧ʾŷ򣬡ͣǰ治Զĺӿϡ 
վνʱ򣿣 
ΪʲôС 
ռԲүҲȥֻܹӰϻػžۡ 
ƴΪս£Ϊ˵˵İΣҿ㱣֤ҳĳϺһ죬Ǳض𡣡 
ǷһǷлү 
ţҡͷЦƣⲻǵڶξܾô 
һǷңǲоү̬֮ϵҲδڡ͵͵̧ͦεбСӱߵʯԣʱɫʣӳźϵĲˮݵɫŪĹơ 
աүڣԭΪҴˣҵͷû뵽ὲֱףһʱ䲻֪λӦţȴѼת΢뿪ЦƵؽ˵Ĳͷ˶ˡ 
յնʱֻٴδҹɫԼľ̬ 
־ĬƬ̣֪ĹǲֹսһôɡǶһνΣ 











Сڳβң˳ۼǺӵȻѵˡٽͷͣפڻƲӲӵĵƻһ·̰Ѵ˸ͨ͸ 
ͷһ³ѽѽϻػȻ˵Ҫȥ԰ﵴأû뵽Ūôһôѽ 
ЦѧףҸʱ䣬ô󸱽㡣ʱҲ赼ݣƶ棡 
ֵðð 
ȻЦЦϴȥ 
ߵһ̤ͬϼװ壺ÿҴԼ֣˼ϧҸտûգδüȡǡڣְɣ 
æƴǵү٣ôҸȡǡ赼ݰæɣ 
ȻţתͷүǲԼȡһǴˣȡǱַӵҪö࣡ 
ڵļ֮⣬һЦᣬֻԼȡֻŵǸҪи˲ġ 
쳤˶Ҫģȴǵ㵽ֹûϸ˵ת̸ϵװ貼ã˰Ѵϸιһ飬ٲڼװϷľ裬˼ζŵĲ͵㡣 
ʱêϰӰͷӨ㡣硣 
̫ˣԩ̾ 
Ц˵˵ģ赼˵ȥǿͣ㲻ǣ 
Сһװô⴬Ҫ͸յģȦϵģ 
æǵġ 
ļͷЦ򣬾һҾΪš 
򾪵ģüֿɲô 
յһǣҸȡʲô֣֮ˡ 
Ȼû뵽үĳ־˿£ 
ЦЦĶҪʲôأ 
Ȼ˼ΣҪ죬ֻЦ׼ʲôأ 
ǷݿɱҪصöࡪһָҵıá 
ˣҿЦ 
΢΢ЦȻ˵ǶǰлԼǵʱɣ˵һԷˡȻֲԭ㡪ҿԼŭ⣬׷͵ҲΪһְˡˡ 
Ȼֿġûϵ 
ɫ˵ʵҲ㡣ԭΪҸӺʵķϧɵֻһҼȻ磬Ҳֻ⣬ˡҽ˵⻰ֻЩĵ±óǱ˴ 
ȻǳĿڷ磬Ҳ֪ԼӦǳˣĿԴĴ񣬵õϲñܻʱһߵġǵҶлүȫ 
ߵ˳һۣôŻˣ 
Цҡҡͷƣ̲ݴϣֲŹﻶĵҲˣô˰ 
ץס֣үҶúôлТģ˵ţһԵȻԶֻع˸磬ĻҵĿȥˡ 
һ֣ȥɣ˿裬ʣգֵˣҪʲô 
أԳʹУʻһ룺ҪʲôأһҪʲôأ 
ָյգ֪Ϊʲô⴬͸𣿡 
մҡҡͷ 
ΪҲٸκοԾܾҵĻᡣ 
̧˼ǡ 
ΪΪζĻһƬģʵһ۾ֱܿԲ䣬ô˵ҲȷʵΪҸбҪ⻹ûΪ֮ǰһӦǲµģǳҵ˽ġ 
ԭԭԭ֪סӣ̯ 
Ұɣһѱסļ磬§ڻ 
ޣ¼ᣬҴĨȥʲô÷ֻܻᷢЩѡ 
ϣô롣ķʡ 
ջƿӣվֱӡ 
ҲˣȥϢɡ˹麽ԳЦҲҪػ⣬ҵĹѲȥˡ 
ȥ˳˳ˮʱѼ쿿˵̰Ȼ´ŰɫĽˮڴ·ڣһƬհס 
ЦٲȥҾҪѴȥ̲ˣ 
һҴ˴׼վڼװ϶Լ 
գ˵ţһһСٿУȲϸֵֻϺ㡣 
ףĿĴٴêۡ 
ŷжһľæ̯һֻɫСзʪĵɳѣͥŲ 
е 
ˣȻʧЦٴ̧ͷʱֻǴڹпнǸ˵Ӱˡ 











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յļУ1937쳣ȶֻʣ˿ƵļƣҲȺģ׽áҸţʱۣΩ־ŵʲô 
㹤ȻڹϼĪ͵͵ǣ֣ЦţһȻǾͷٯٯڲסһ̵̻ۡ 
ձڴϺ̲ˣ 
һڵǰʮգҲǳү黦ĵڶ죬վ򸮻԰㡣ؼǵͷңɫܵڼ͸µĹâۣʹܿƵ΢΢鴤š 
Ī˵̨ʣǴȥ˵ģһǵ±ĸ״ˡ 
ʱһԵĳǺȻһʲô˷׷ֻͣԽԽˣֱöĤ˽С 
˴󺰵ϣ 
̧ͷ˫ǰһкüʮսӰеɹѵƣͬȳȻǾ̵غСձķɻҪըˣ 
ɢӴܿѰδءٳϿʱЩɻѾ¡¡ŷԶˡɿһתɻĪȥϺİɣæŤսʱر𱨵Ȼڲˣ˵Ǻϴúףձĺ½ս׼ռɽлڳըҾҦཫڷ¿ơ 
վԭңգע⵽ָ̫֮ʶԼڲ 











Թ鿪˸ͷᡣȻҪ㣬һҪ޹ʹϷݣ̨ʣѹڣߣΪڻϺ·ϳ⣬׼ȴŷȥڣȻٰѿ˻ˣܻ󱸡 
Ҷⲻʣ赼һȥ𣿲Ҹ˰ɣǧģҲиӦ 
ȻЦԭҲô繫ģɼȻˣǡ˵أ 
˸ߴӵۣ㣡 
˵ˡһһȥ˸£Ҳ˳ǵ¸ˣȻ˵ţǰ첲ϾǺݺһüʲô£ʲô˳㣿ǽ鲻𣿡 
Цѽɩˣ 
װüԣĩתȻ˸첲ӶЦ˷ϲôεסͷ 
ǿ֣ʱȴ˲Ƚս˸߲ҵΪ˵ϲ³ų 
ճֺģ˳׼Լķȥ̨ף԰·ϴαܽСԺſڣǸӣ̲סһۡԺŵһСƣƵĹ߱˺ϸˮ߰ƵĽ¡ 
﷢𣬲سһһŲڻϡԴ죡 
˭棿и˵ 
ɰΣҡϷԱˣ 
ֵͦģ㲻ͷţʲôʡ 
ŭ⣬˿˵̫ԼЪȥ 
ЦЦ˵Ļ㲻ɣֵ˵˾䣬˵ 
һƿţ˸Ҿүȥ 
һû뵽˾լӵˣЩϻ̳ϿˣֻӲͷƤݡͷһ磬ԣŵֱţֱסǡ 
иӴֱϵĵ̹ܵݵһͲ̧Ҫ𣿡 
æ֣Ҳģ 
ЦЦ֪Ϊν 
ҡҡͷ 
ղͷԵģͺҸյʱģۣƺʲô̾һһۣʮˡ 
͸ͺͳүüĿ㣬ϧ˼ɣ˼ز 
˵ЩͷոϺ̲ϵϡ˵ĵӰ˵Ӱǣ˵ȻŬԼֻƬﶼ飬Թ 
ӹյĴ̾سţƺַ·ȫ⣬˼ƮúԶۼҹ˼֣ջȥлл˵һ仰Ҫ㡪ûϣˣͲҪˡ 
ͷһָ֪ʲôԭղŶȥˣһʱ̲סʵأڵ˭𣿡 
԰׵ϸǳЦԼЩҲڵȡڵҡ 











˺գҶڱڻ׷ܣر٣ʮھѹһ롣ʽػ죬ԵһϯҳԳԺȺ֣һҲˣײײػطȥϢûմƣҰæţںͷ 
Ȼ˼ȻȻ˶٣תյϺϢһʱ䣬סݽǢҴۻϷ㣡ס 
յͷһȣү˵һϺȻҵǵȴϧǰģȴģҲȫһ¡ѹүûϣģǷ˰ɣ 
̧뵽´ټʱмҵˣ᲻ 
Ĭãűһ䣺㱣ء 
һЦеʲôСΪĸϻѽһܳɣģ׼ػ 
Ȼͷĸϻˣ 
һ㻹Ȣң 
Ȼ΢ЦҵĵضֻΪȦסһӣȥѽ 
Ƕͦ⣬Цţһʶֶյһ·ҪСģȥһʲôҪѰҺȻֲԣֻܶү˵Լ 
ס촽ףллաһǶҪִϢȥɡǸ˱𣬸Իˡ 











ڶ峿ɫģȣ˵ױϳط׼ͻŰղģʣҪ´ģ赼ݺǻ᲻˴ɡ 
Цȥͷˣ˵Ŀֲ֪Ǵ˶ٱߵȥӴͱˣ 
һȣԼ裬Ϲġ 
߳ԺӣӭײܼżͱռҲڣ߽ȥү鷳ͨһ 
ǷǷˣүղŽСĸ˵Ƭӳ֮գǵøƱ 
Цŵͷȥ˵Ҽסˡ 
˴ҵв⣬׷ױϢһǦɫʣͷӿȻʧ֮СһڴȻڣͳĦšԭӴԼīѽһˡ 
տЦһҧ˺ۿʪˣƯԶˣ³ˣڿˡ 
ͻȻ˺Ƶػ磬ͷӴڴնƤϣ죬ôģΪԼܳʹɻôᣬˡ 











ʱѻ˲٣·ϺŪﶼˮˮݱӳһ棬еʧ 
СǺͷϡһط꣬æǺòãĸ׺òãûܾ˵ã§Ļϲռǲŷ 
ʱձڽȵأסķƽ̵ֳ໹ճӪҵֻ·䣬ʱʱ߹մķʿüЦضδ۵Ůɲ 
ƿţĸڿС³ϣսЦСջѽϴԹϣģ 
ټĸĿ˵һǣкתˣ 
ѽ磡ѽƴˮƽߣֺãÿһԵǼ顭Ǳ˵߰æݡ 
նסʲôѣʲôƴ򣿡 
磬λ˭ѽѵ𣿡ǲ 
һͷˮ㶵룬ҡҡͷ 
֪ǸǸ壡ǰһվ¥º͹Ա˵أƴҲڵģ 
ô֪Ǵѣǲʡ 
С죺ҴӦ˵ġ 
Ҫģߴɣ֪˭Ҳ˼ҵлն׵ǰʲô˵ʲôˣ 
俴գ˵Ӻܸߣ۾ģ˵𻰿ˣǲãžʹҵ̵ȥ棬һޣ˵ţӷﱧһŻ㿴۾գأ 
Ȼ˼֣ʣ˵ʲôˣ 
ס᲻²£ЩûУСŬ䡣 
ʲôǸѾ֮ˣ 
֪֪ϲʲôϲʲôʲôǰǲܹܶ࡭ 
ү³һ 
СѾͷΪ˸޾ͰǼҵ¶˵İˣô֪ǻأǺǳ 
ίίر⣺ŲǻأҿԱͷغ˵ϰ壬˵ĹԢӶأ 
ⷿӡҲģֳһ뵽ʱæϡͿֻ˵ˣδշҲûƽϣһǮδأ 
ղɵˣԶ֪ҪĶһҪԼװ׵ĺ£ǽγ˾ǹԢҽߺοʡ죡ˡ޹ʵõԽ࣬ǷҲԽࡪ 
İã 











ȥҳү˵ҪףС˵ֻǰǰү벻ջҿ϶ֻһ뵽үվڴͷ飬;ֻСзţһֱķ·˵Ϻ㡣 
ڶ죬Сȥ˳ݡ 
ӢʽȻŵشһĴƺϣͬʱһ˸߹ҵϡǰǰ˳šүڲڣ˻Ӧֻǹһ¡иŮźţ˲͵ġ 
ＫֻʯӢӵδ죬Ż԰شǰѻ͸ɴӵĴ΢紵£ƵƮšһյľ 
ͻȻˣǷ׷Ƿæվȴǻ㶣⡭λǡҪԼѴһӣЦϺͿ㲻ϴĴ𣿡 
æҲʲôǣҲŸտʼϷ 
ǫ飡弫Ϊָָɳ˵ 
Ҳүţʵ壬ʵҳүģеҪ鷳֪֪Ķ 
ʲô¾ͺ˵ɣȡ̺Уһ֧ѩѣü£˵ϡ 
ԥƬ̣ҡһֱӶү˵ȽϺã 
建³һ׺ȦٺЦ˼ϣʲôõģ 
˼ҡҡռࡣ 
˰ˣҸ˵ɣ¥ϣͷָָ컨壬бƳʱܼ㡣 
ʲôʱܼңҿԵȡүڼңһ 
ɲ˵ں;Ҫ̸⡪ǿѿеĹͷ˵ţֹЦǼЦˣУشҲ󲻹Ǯʲô¶Ҫ·ͭǲսٲȾģ 
ζҲ˼ˣлǳš 
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ֱСһȣ͵תԼĺҲ֪ԼΪĶ 











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绰ͷְǰȥ˵һ飬ϣ˸㶩͵ 
磬ҪGarnetteʱװģGreenhouseĿɲУϰҳġ 
֪ĵŵɡ˵绰˸޿κεı飬̾Ůˣ 
̿ʣүôˣ 
ղҹңĶϸܵĺΡ 
ѵصظϹסص˵ͷ 
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ӹֽ⿪ųŦۣ˲һȵϢϣвɵûһƬæ۹ܿˣ˵Ƿ̫ˣôأ 
ȻҪ̧°ͣʹĿƽӣգĸң 
ȫ΢ 
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ҧס´ף 
ãҲ˶Σ෴˵иõѡ񣡡˵ţһǣ̽Ҳĳ档 
⼸ʮΪڵ£ºҲŲڵȴָ򵱸һ׮ʶ㡪һ׮Ц˵ųȥˣһλһȥأ 
պүߺáһֱĿ˵ݣŹš 
źϵͬʱͻȻ˼ĿϮһϸ͵˻һ͸˶Ĥձܵס˫ըѺأˮڵϣм˽ű 
컨ҡذڻΣǽѱըȥһ룬ۼҪ̮ 











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ڰ 
رݣ 
שʯͷǽѺȻ̮֥ڷȣС޽ţۼ컨ҡҡ׹ĸ׷ſڣҪ֥ȴֵסȥ 
ֻȰѿС˷䣺¥ܣҪͣץסŰ壬ĸŲ裬ָң찡 
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վĸױϼ磬Լߣ 
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¥ݿһŤǶϲ㡣֥һ߿·һ߻ҪΪյסµשʯƶֻ컨ºݺһ׹¡ 
ס֣͵ؽ˽ߵүȳȥ±ٱ˵ţѿ˫һƣ¼̨ס 
ʱֻ¡һ죬ݶѳѹ 
ǰذȥ 











֪˶ãսֻһƬըߣƺǸëƲġҲţʶԼǱѹ컨ˣ 
ŸеľʹӾשϣ̽á 
ģըˣΧһƬһļžˣȻ𷽲żһۣĸſүϼ֣үžʹϡϵʹʹ˼ǣȫ̵̻ر۾䣬ȫˡ 
ϡ˺֣ĸ𣿸ǻþɡ 
ͻȻһ߹͸˽üϣůůһ㡣Ŭֻۣҳ϶ĹƮҡϤɤ𣺡գü˵գѣ¥Ҫˣ 
϶Եֻذסʯ壬Ѫֺۣף֣ 
ڶ 
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ռΪЦʱ򣬱Цˡ 
ҲٽˡһͷΣǲһߵģ˵ݡ 
ͷһ 
ȻӵĽŲԭСż˳˽үû°ɣүЪţүү 
ȵұ죡ᶫ 
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үˣ¥Ѿˣǰͷ·ľŵؽ 
ſǰӺ;ֵĶ˴ȵҽҲˣֳԾ󺰣үſģ˼ֲһȦԼһץӣһӵ 
һؾͰϵܣǺպ÷ѧؼңƼջȣһĿűסʹһҽѵܸϾȻţһۣȫѪۣʿϴ˿ڣüͷˣȴ΢Цͷ˵ 
Цŵͷ 
¥ʱȻȥɳ 











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ͷκͼ件ϲϲ˵ãҵķӱȴǰǼ仹Ҫ࣬ݺиС԰ƯúܣϧھǶˣҲС档 
綼Ӳȫ̲绹ըʲôطǲҰģΩסլһˣ뵽һ㡭 
һ뵽ЩǺЩӲˣƽسͻͲƷǲӰˣֻæġ 
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ձסһ䣬˼һռţתЩסȥˡ 
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㲻֪ᣬʱһ˶£ԼȥƬӣ䡣 
ȻΪȻЦȻĲĵӰˣ㻹Ҫ𣿡 
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һЦСĿڽǣҪǰüȥĵ飬ܣҲġ죺㣬λүûиӷ簡 
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ˣǲ 
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׳ӰʼαҲ½½صȥ˵ʦھżҰţԼĸ׺ܶ򡭡ϧүûλöտյģǸڰɣ 
ֻһˣλ 
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ѰˣֻĻԳǵӰݡ 
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˰һϷƱƤ£鷳Ҳǩһ 
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һΪ㲻أձ˵ţֵͷǩ 
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Ȼֵ磡ү 
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㰡ʵ˵ʲôţЦʵ£ǰһ˰ɱңǹ 
վ˭ɱ㣿 
ûлشֿſڵıڿһĴţŨص̲ζſ߽ţڵú͵ƣǬռľⷿѣСһ 
ڵز̣ͨҲԺ¹̲ݣдӹŰͺϵѩѣСǡס͡жࡱѩеļƷһŶʮ֧һǮȹͨϰһĻҪöࡣһж˿ۣж˿Ȼ 
Ҳ˵ĸֵܵ¡ϴŵİ汾ܹ֣ܶ࣬֡߱ 
ռֻǴҲŵģ 
ȷʵɱġºܼ򵥣Ҫɱңұ֣˵Ȼó΢΢ 
νﾺôԼӦϻɡյ 
Цڿοʵ˵Ҳڣûгүˡգ᲻ҺѪ 
ȻҲ֪ʱľ㱻˽ôүҲûĸţҲмǵ˼ڰɡյҡҼ˶ôãԲһˣ 
ΪҶĿģЦ 
أȶûã 
ͬĿġ΢ЦżױɫֱӣġҪĶֱӸңҸоһ˿Σգ˹Ķǻ¼ɣһʱҺܷɣ⡣ 
͵͵³ΪԼĶĺ 
ָĦգ֮˵ô࣬Ϊ׼°뱲㣬㣬Ȩ˽ҵְҵҵĲƲҵĹȥҵĵˣԼҿܻΣաҪ뿪Ϻһʱ䣬Ҳܳ㹻ʹ뱲ӵĴ㣬ϣһһ죬ҲѾ׼ˡ 











ҹ顷ӳϢܿ˸ְͷ 
ȻϺеЭᣬܿ챻׷ΪһСŷɷϡĴݣתͳɹپڷ޵ĦŮɽɫգӰдڰһֺõıԽɫʱȻı˹ڡӰ˾Լ˵ջ뷢ЯȻнһĺ 
սȻڼ 
95գɽʧݣ1026գ󳡡ʧݣ1028գբʧݣ112գվǿݺӣ1110գʧݡ 
ڳ뿪ĵڶϺݡ뷨вдµ 











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ھ 
1937ﵽЩܻΪԲ۾գһգŷٿȥʪĻѹܣģе϶ѻ𽹻ƵͩҶɫҴҵ·ɢ¸ζ 
ռĵӰ˾׷׹رգӰ˴ĺ豸ۡȵأһתƵڼ㹤ձ֮һ 
ʱȻĵڶӰٴδܻӭƬּģȴվ˾Ƕԡձ۹ĵӰϷƷһɽֹв߸ɱۡȻ¿ĵıǲʱ磬ֻвǻòʱд籾´ŴֽмԵ̨ʴһֻһʧ 
ɵԸʱѱأǰҹ顷ǵע⣬ֹ￪ϷҲȥձйزȡģǲѡʾˡ 
ȻдȥͣϾ籾֤ʵԼ˿գձܱЯ˲μڱ˸ۡеĩᡣǡҰŷ 
յһ⡣ɫˡ 
Ұŷʲôˣһõ𣿡ΪȻ 
Ȼ֪ܻ̾Ļһ൱ڰĻֳûʲô³ 
ޣҹʲôüһӲɴ룬ܻЩģסȻ֣Ǿȥȥأ 
ȥͶȥһȡ˶һϵĸо 
绰Ŵ£ʣգкδ㣿 
˼ΣʱΪҰŵһڣڿóˡ 
ܶԿ̫ðգ 
ô죿 
˵ȥ 
סĶˣϵüô 
ȥҹӦûüӦһ£û֮ǰǧҪ뿪ңء 
˵ã˵绰ŷԼðǸжҲǻ̻ 
мȻ֪֮ķ绪Ĳ飬ΪԼĳᶼΪľһҲôˡΪƫƫ˳İٰôΪ֮ҡҷ 











ڶƻ裬ȻۼʱֱַƽȲˡɫ·ڵ⽵ƤЬ̯ͷѽŽֵƵĹ̯ǽİԼԼģͻȻ۶ȵûˡ 
ձ¶̨ȥת̧ͷвż⣬ȴЦ 
ֱһ˲ղԼж˼Ǿó˿̼վšЦţЩˣĿţһԡ 
ãڣϣһû̫١ 
类͸˼ٿغˣæףµ¥ȥ 
˳ǰţȴץֻȥԼϸϸĦ˳Ƽǡյıһӵ뻳 
˲ֻܹɢձܱľѥˢˢ죬ǹٳпʱѪˡ 
ղ㾪ס촽£һҡǰοտǰɪɪض뵽˿ҪվЩͬζˡ 
ҰŷĸۡԭǻһλҵĻ԰¥սλżҾϸӵ⣬ⶰլۡձˡ 
ǵִʱѽ˺һˡߵǰȴܱס󷽿ڡүϺ̲ݺʮ꣬ʱܹеıҪֹȻܡ 
ȴ˹ЦţͷϷһԭǳݹ٣ 
̧һֻź߳һٴˣֶģ̣䣬ЦݸæܵλǱҰ 
ףǸҲ 
ҰŷǺЦߴﹾԷ˵һǷ᣺˵ҪӵģȴϺźأ֪ô 
һ벻Ҫᣬֻʴкָ̣ 
ҰŷЦԭǾʶϸ̸ɣ 
÷ˡЦųһָĳĿȫϺġˮָ飩ڴˣΪɣҾѻ˵˰ɣ 
Ұŷδѻ˵꣬ɫѱ䣬תЦ˵Цһų̲Ǵձ۹һأ 
ЦôԺ̸ 
䣬ǻȥһ߰ɣ 
ĪСѰɣˣֺαȥ件أҰŷһתæҪߣҾͲǿˣλôҵĺЩ˶һλǵأ 
ɫģȻҲҪ뿪˵ţտ첽̨ס 
ռ赼ݺô죿Ӧһͬ˳ֻ谵ǽӰαȻ 
˾ֱռſڣҰֻϺᵽʱͬҶǲ˵ص㡣˵ҵ⣬Ҫʾǽ˰ɹʼ벻ͨҪΪʲôδ֮ǰвȥͷǣ 
յͷǧСġ 
Ҳǣ§סļ磬ȻǵľӲܽ磬Ҫɱ͸Ըһˣֱ練ƣ 
һֱȵҹղŽӵĵ绰˵ǶѰȫңġڶϷʱһһʮ˵Ұ˵һҾ߯ҵֱҶ׼һƣʱ˵Ȼֱȫסˣ 
Ұô 
ͥ£۸̣ŶûУ 
ȴ㣬ҪС㰡 
һҾͲգ˵˺ЩָңҾͲЩСձܺеʱ 
ȻҡͷСĸǽж磬ֻҪҰǱǵĵӰѹǰѹһǴ󿪷֮ţ 
ѽűᱡ㲻˵ͷߴ˵û꣡ڵˣƳ 
һΪǵĵӰȻޣ֮챱Ұ׿ڴӦңֻҪԴձ۹ǵĵӰͿԼȥҾκ˵㣬ҵ̫̫ 
΢΢һʶҧס˴ 
տȻǵʱģĿʣŵ壬ƺˣܸоǷȱͦΣ˻ңһƬ 
ˣ 
ֻԼıأ 
֪ӺʱеġȻѱȻ 











µףձӽϾϺ˴ؾô˻ᣬΪվݽйѧѧϰģüѧͬѧ߶ȥУĸҲС 
մ˵ӰǴĹ⣬ѧҲǷԶΣڶǰͷĺںšû뵽ûϼ־ͱΧסˣͷѧȫ 
ϢңһСס 
Ψһϵõͷǳүһ绰򵽳ݣ˴𣺡ү˵ȥҪˣ 
ֻͷڣͷοĸ׺ãүڣǷġδ˵꣬ 
սǰֻһ仰ɴʱѱվơѴǮƴͨϵֱҹڰǴ˻ 
ղ֪α𣬿ƣ۵üۣҪл֮ĻԵ̫̫ò׵һ䣺ˣҼҳ߰ɣ˵ֺڣƴǣҲ 
ȴһڴӦȻ£˵ЦҲĸʺáбһŮͰæٲȥɽ⣬ȥææĻϲġ 
ϴϺʣһ̧ۣڳſ 
վ㡭ôվ̫Ѭˡ 
Ц 
ʣлҪ˵ɣ 
ԡ˶йһ徻ؿɹðĶ飬ûȥ 
յͷʵ֮ǰҲС᲻á᲻öˡ 
ͷͺãš 
룬ĸһۣ鷳ĻĸҲȥɡճǹѣܴ̼ 
Ȼԡ˶٣ʣԼأʲôʵԼ顭 
Ҳ뿪ϺҪĵӰס 
ЦЦ 
ǲЦ죬־򣿡 
ĵǿھֺξֻ֮ܣֻ¾ݣҲݲˡ 











յ֮ջûס鱻ǿнɢʱˣһ롣ȻôӦҵģҷĵģ 
ۿŻŵشȥұҰŷͷҲֻԱһȥ߿գ˱ֻתͷգƣҲ򵥵Ƿӣһ˼ѧ㣬ȥ۵ˡ 
ճһҪߣ赼֪𣿡 
ҲǲԸģϺЩҪˣԺ˵ɡ££ͷҼˣɱ㣡 
յǵȻɣ 
ȻһЦõˡ 
صҲ֪Ͼݣ仹״ֻšǡ֣Ļ̡̻ 
ӻҺ 
绰˵ѧⶼѽѧö׶УʳãԴˣ֥뺢ǽЩúãһ׶ؽƸûỤʿչˣ㿴ɺãʡ 
˵ãָлܵ΢ֱ˵ٻᣬȻŵ绰ԸſƺҪžůЩ 
գȥ̫ãʲôˣ 
˵㡣 
˵Ϲ 











չµ绰졣ȻϸЦݣգҪ㣡 
赼ݰ 
ЦҪŲĸϢǻҸطϸ̸ɣ 
ǡڵˣ߿ 
СӲӣðɣȥͷ԰ߺˣȻסյ־ߡ 
մ飬һ˿ɡֳѳ 
԰ûлˣֻʣ궬೤Ʒïǰ赼ݣǲǱҰŷûͬ⣿ûӰĵҪ˸飬㻹ǻȥɣ 
ǻȰģɽɲΪ£Ц 
ǡʲô¾ֱ˵ɣ 
ģһƻܽһЩȹرյĵӰ˾¸һй˾ʱǵĹ˾ܿȫϺ̲ĵӰ硭Ȼϲ 
վֻ֣˵λ赼ݡġĺ£ 
ŹˣԸͶµӰӰ˾ϲ⡣ 
ղ⣬ţûУվȻǸ⣡ 
ģѾûˣ 
ռȻָҲΪˣͺãϧҲӰ˾£ﲻæ 
㻹ǵҵǰɣȻͷǲͣˣϾµĿԿģóһ籾ݸ 
սӹһסƬȻǡֵܴ 
ʲô˼ 
ʵ˵ҸղᵽλͶǱҰ˵й˶ǵӡ̫ƫִҪõӰ;Ťת졮塯롮޹һס 
Ȼ籾ֵӰҲģ 
գԽձ˵ 
ֻĺ˵ֻϾǵϢ˵ûУ˵ֵܡ 
ת뿪ȻһѾסҸ㣬ǩĵӰԼδڣʱҪǿкԼ 
ɫɷףһһֵȻҲţ˵ɣͷһҪǹеľǺ飡 
ȻסĿ˸ 
ճû˦֣תӣһ˻˿ĽģԹϵ޺Ʋȱȫͬ˱ŭѪۡ 
סԼˣˣ 
 
ƴѡ 
գǳ 
ף䣺 
ӵסϳȥ𣿡 
ղؿڣͷ 











ֱڳ˽ѹڻԭԭ߸˳Ĭã³һĲµľۣԼҲƬӵġ 
˵绰ȴû˽簲Ÿıڣֻ˵ȥٻ˾ѲӰˡ 
ղ²⣺᲻Ѿȥˣ 
Ƣ֪Ȼĳ˿һ뿪أüĴ̽Ѱ٣ȻûϢ 
æҹȥϢȫԷġյͷ¥ְס΢Цһ 
һ죬Ťͷܡ 
ˡ 
Ϻͬ˶סʺһƬޱĺڰСŴŵīӰڴƣͬצĹﲽƣһ̧ۣڶ¶һƵɫź⡣վ䣬ޱԲסѽ͸ͷ 
űƿˣϤĽŲؿͣ˴ءոеԼͬʯӢӰڣƵػζš 
Ȼ˴ͬ£ȵĺھָļŵ˯£һһƤһһڵĹͷ̵ָ͸ 
صشϢţϸܺ߳ëף˯ϼΪȥˡ¶ƤȻĿԽ˸ս§ס촽˳ŷ̽ȥ 
䣬ʲôǲ԰ޣѰŵģһ̣ΩԼģΩȵǣΩԼӣΩǸˣʵġ 
 
ǲһ塣˭Լ˭Ȼֲˡ 











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ʮ 
ҵʮպˡ 
ʥǰҹ̣˵ĵشȣ·ϻصųʫĸպ㣬һжԳѵõľ밲ϰʱ־˴磬֦ҵĴŴ޶⡣ 
֥䣬Ůȼ˱¯Ծţǽӳͨͨ졣ľԼ˳ţǷɽ 
˵Ҫȫȥʥ͵ģʱҲ֡Ƥֱ绰绰嵹Լˡæǳæôˣǲ² 
ڵ绰ͷĬƺڿλشֻ˵С㵽̲ɤӵƣ΢ 
մ˸䡣 
һ̲ͼӿ͸ĺ˼ϵ磬˳ӣү£ҲαֵˣвǼΧߡ 
³ΧסϵǲС㣿ССʧǲɷ赼йأСĹϵΣС̲ݴûϵ 
¡¡죬Һү˽ȺȥСүϵΪʲôͷ˭ҲúֻүϴݻϢ˵ֵȫˣҪ֪ͨ˾ϴС 
Сڷ˼䴩Уòײſִڴߵˣ˼װ塣̧ͷҰɫаӰ 
ǲǡǲˣ 
ҵʱѾˡʡ 
ס죺ôᡭôġ 
§סҴȥ侲ЩʳҩĿ͡ 
ڴյµƻ̹߸߽ۣȫ棬ͷ½̹δֻȻ˿ҡ 
տ޳Ϊʲôǰ˵ȥ۶ӡѵѵΪȻ 
¾Ӳ˸ϵһҪҳʣϧѶȥк͵Ӱ˾ңһ񣡡һȭϣָڷ졣 
סȭͷӲָɵһҵŵġǳүϺ̲׳ҲСһ׮ 
Цӿڴһţݸţҽյġ 
մֽϲ֡磬Ļңˡ᲻㣬᲻šҴһߡ 
ǰ 
յţڽѰңãã̸ס˭֪ôɣ˴磬ֽͻصۿڡ⣬ҵΣǳˡվͷ;⸰ġҸȥʹһǰȥϮۣʱⶣǲ÷ʦ˵Ҫ£Ҫ÷⾫ϸЩ 
߽ЩĨޢָӳ̵ϣֻĿģǰһڣȥ 











ʱѻصϣбڳųסǻؼҵ·Сعͷ˾ͺá 
أհ׹ЩֽȻ 
үִΰСϰءͼ߶Ҫϴ䱻ǵֵܲţҲ֪ܳŶáСԲסȰͻؼҡ 
Сؽȥ˵ʱԲס͸ˡ 
ҹˣδϢѩƮ䣬ˮһ㱡ĹǡߵȺȴԽԽ࣬ӰϢ˾Ҳˣ̽һ˵ӣһʱԽϵ 
ռƣһСһ÷ţٹʹЩСۻִϡ 
Сʣʲôүٶ࣬Ҳôബţ 
յһЦүӦס 
ԴƬ̣Ǳ˶ۼ±ŵذᵽСϣҹԿССӶ˰ӵϣģ̽ͷģеŴʳʶ̡ 
αҲǰѲ飬һһҿסˣͷŵľǷ泣үϴһֵǣ˿ѴֵվүȫΪǸϷڷ絲꣡ 
ᣬŻңɳԻϰ͵͵һԵרȥæСĳƵԣ˳Сٽعݡ 
ȫʪ͸ˮŷ£촽ࡣ 
սס 
ḧıοû£Ҵæ 
ûʲôֻǳ˸⡭⣬ǧټƱܿͼߣΪά󣬲Ը屻ۿͼ顣𲻾ǰǧĵģȻ 
̾ԣƯ̰ӡ㣬һԭ֪ȻѾձͶˣйصĻαпܻʬ𼣣 
սʬ𼣣˵ҲǱɱģ 
ֻǲ²⡣ 
ܣȻ˸⡢о޳ܣɵó಻ȰվͶʵĹ˾ǱĵƬӡԲ¶֣İôģմ˵֪˵ԼһڣѲˣðźΡ 
˽ԸȻֻǱһЩΪ£᲻ɱҲˣ˹Ѳʶˡס˫ۣգҲϲԩˣϲΪ˽⣡ 
ʲô˼ 
Ȼ˵ζЩʲôҲֱڻһڰʾʲôղῴ 
ҧס´ѵԼĸ飬𣿺αȥ黳ǰأĻ޺޵鷳һؼҡ 
Դһ· 
˼ſڣհ׵ݻСתţһס 
鲻á˵ѲƽʱϢɳƵúܡ 
һԹϣңԶôһ 
ӵ뻳УգԲ𡣡 











μ򣬿һվӰİӰϹż£ᣬ߲֬ 
㣡޶ԡ 
ξ顣 
תѩ׵컨壬ͷһ绰ȴǻӵģѽ治ɣүȥˣͶ˵ɣ 
壬鷳Ҫҵ˿Ӱܼǧǵãռ 
ЦǺǵشӦ 
ոµ绰ԾģСֱӰʻȥ˺ȴֻŽԺӲݴסڸڵ˴֪ǵĵӰͣĺһ˳롣 
һ룺ѵҲ´ô 
룬ѹһط⼸ֺģСձĸƬأ 
ǰһæ˴·˼ҲǰˣָţǾת䴦СѧȰǻǱȥúãͷкüģ϶Ųǹأ 
л˼ǮˡԼСŵèѧ⡣ΧǽҵձС˳Сڵһש۾յڣǽһĿȻ 
Ҫҵ˾ͷӰͬƣ̬ͬղһ㱣·صǰľͷԼ 
ڣվǰǼձ˺һѧװйŮ 
ΪؽѧþһǮ֪Ȼǳмı̫ӲˡҪֳֳ밮ĽãһΣָŮ 
Ů¶ӦС 
Сնߵڸô죿 
յȥ￴š 
⡭ⲻ̫ȫɣСԥ 
ЩֻȻܸǣţϷֲô죿ȥɣһչԼģմߴٵ 
Сֻÿ뿪 
ռǽͻȻӲֵԺ쳣ֲĴȫתͷһǸڶǹڣ 











ûӰˣҲ͵͵͵ɣ˵Ǹαʿձ˵ǹһ 
նվ赼ݡ 
æءʲô£кɣЦ˵ 
սס΢˫֣Ȼ˽£ܲš 
ŶʲôǴձʾܲŵģ㵹˵˵һࡣ 
Ȼ죬˳һ 
չ˵ǴձʾԼ˭˭˰ɣ 
ȻȻЩ֮ЩȻգʲô 
ˡżɽ 
Ȼһ˵ˡʧ˺ü졭û뵽Ͼ· 
ΪʲôҪ㾿Щʲôռװ޹ģ޲ǰơ 
αʿǾְأһѾסգ˫ַ󣺡赼ݻҪƬҪģٴֶȻϣⲿƬӾɱġ 
Ȼ˵ǡתȥ 
ȻսסѲ˵ʵ㣬ҴûȡᣬΪҸ㣬Ϊ㰮ֻһΪʲôᷢ£ıģΪ⣬˵ܣˣǰΪձߵһ磡㾹߹Ļ 
ȻıӰ鴤š 
ңңҲòףմ󺰳 
ȻȻعͷϹۣҺġҺġ 
Ȼǽ߳һˣȻһ˵ԼҪˣҪأʾ⾾סյˣȥ 
㲻ǱҰŷķ𣿡ϳ㲻Ȼ˵ĪάҰ 
Ƿͷһȥǵס죡 
ȴ𣺡˭յ죬Ҹͷ 
վϲˣ 
̧ۣվڲԶһȺֵܡ 
ǣǳүֻ߳ԴѾֱ㶵ȥ 
һţҲ֪ӵģֻӴܡһԵѧ̨΢΢ףֻ̨Ҳиųǹ˳˻֡ 
Ȼֱסյʿһ䣺ɡ 
˫ȷվܡǰΪ˰§ļͷʣܾ𣿡 
΢Цҡҡͷû¡ֻȥһԵȻʱ˵ˡ 
ȻضǽǱϡ 
գǵһ𣿾ȥ̸ϵӰ˾죬ұһٺ󣬻صҾͽӵҰĵ绰Ҵȥҳ˳̸̸ϸڣԭǲԸȥģҾȰ˵ȥĻܻɱңҲֻˡȻƭүıڣڵ˴ĸۡסףʱΪ˳糵ݷ׷米ʱ̣һϺ̲ϸһҵ˭֪ 
󣬱Ұҽʶһձƣ鷿̸˺ܾãҶڿȥһͷ죬šҴŷ￴ 
棿ͻ 
ҰڴϣֽŶšڿޡ 
յһûǲǣ 
ҵʱú¡ˡšǸʱңɷ۾ضҡȫ 
磡ҧгݵһȭԶ 
ȻòײŻѪͿһҲûˣүһǹˣ 
ЦҲɱ㣬ˣҲûҪţһӺڣһ̧ͷ 
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ȻһŹҰŷ 
Ҫȥɵү㲻ձṩ̲ݣѾǻˣֳʮԴҲǿѽ㻹벻Ϻˣ 
Цһ壬αôһ˵²ģƹ˾Ȩܾˣξͳȫ㣬ҹ˾ˡ 
屻£ȵ˵һԡ 
ջص䡣˵ʿеıտʮʮӢ뿪ǰ£⣬ȥոһűũѾдһҳʲô£Ͻӹܡϸϸ 
մţ죬ҪЩˣҪǮķʲô 
Ժĸ׺͵ã׶عһ㹫Ԣڹȥ̽ 
Ҳȥס 
ḧͷգҳ֮ǰشһ⡣ 
ʲôʲôҶԻش㡪Ұ㣬Ҫ㣬֪㲻һᰲȫģ 
Цʪۿɵӣô֪ʵ㻹ǵǵһμ𣿡 
յͷǵãǨ¾ӵϡ 
Ӧҵ鷿΢ЦŻ䣬Ϊûˣ͵͵˽Ȼҷ㣬㾪żˣŶӣҼǵıӰɡʱ㣬һ۰˳ʱ㣬룺ƣǰ˶ү͸ҵġ 
Цȴ˼᣺ 
ΪĨȥһġɱ˱Ұ֮󣬱ض޷Ϻ㣬һӢʹݵרֱ׶أѴãºʹܷɻ뿪Ըһ𣿡 
ҵȻԸ⣡ 
ϴ벻ȥʱ㻹ͦƶض˵ԸϺܵģЦ 
ǡû㣬羮ˣһжһˡ 











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󣬱ҰŷصԼĸۡӰ 
뿪ϺǰһûҴЩ̲ݣҲܰձˣ˵ţΪԼĲֿ⽽ͣȼˡܴؼӳյѪһƬ 
ǸˡɻڵǡգԼļǡ 
ؾԾ֪ԼҪʲôˣ޻ڡͷ΢Цá 
ɻҹӹеĹӰһۡ 
ˣڳļͷۡ㱼䣬·ϤĸǧɽƮƮ 
ҹϺ ҹϺ 
Ǹҹ 
  
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