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˵ưܣûʲôÿġ顰ԷɣҸƣǡ¶߲
Ц䶼ˣ֪ΪʲôҴҾͺܲˡ
˵ЦţȻƳԶʯƺվһˡ
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ЦŻˣʲôˡҿˣûУˣǸˣǸ˵Ŀ⣬ˡ
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תѹڸõ·ˣҪȺΧԣɹҪȥݡǱտ಻Եı
￴ޱʹңЦŤˡ
ҾĿѵĸſϣٲŮ˫ȶҪˡ
Ҷͷĸİɣ⹫Ҳû𣿡
һ˷̧ͷʵ⹫ʲôģ˼Ҵ𣿡
ЦЦһ·ϾЩˣԼɣôûǾеġ
˵ţң򱨣˻ǽ첻ܽԳҪٴ˰Ӫ
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ǣɹҾǶ⸽ҵͷͷԶֺõЦ΢΢һЦһ֡ȥɣһɴ⣬ȥңæסҡ
ңúŸ񣬿ɱʲôӡҵ﷢˻ңӦ
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Ҵ꣬ʮ绨꣬ĸҸң⼸ĳǰҵˣ
ѾȺӽңŲߣվԶԶ췭ɣ峯죬Լƺ츺εݡ
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˾Ұ֮׷ĲֺңԶɹųҺŸѧɹ衣
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տˣ»ʮ꣬Ӣ̬Ǻˬ󷽵ϣãһ໹ЦˣҾңɫơ
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ر𻹸λʮ˾ͷԣҲ²ΪˣӦòôǳ
˰ȻϽŶڶߣﱧЦ⺢ӣӲˣҾͲ¶Ūôûء
СΪֻǶڶﻳͷֺ̧
ǵҳʱĵܻСڶǱˡ ǻʰĶ䡣
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ɺã
ģﶼãλҲˣվܼˡҶͬлҳҵλҵĻŮ뻹ͬǰ˽ӴΪ
ͷڶﻳƵľ˴̧ͷƼʮ˾ˡ΢Цӣ¸ͷľ˾ˡ۹ɨŵæͷȥȴˮǺԲֹҺ˳ôǣ
ұСͨ죬ߵѾͷ¹ӻǳȥǺ˷硣
ǻȥЪŰɡæͷͬ¹ʣѾͷһ
ңվ⣬һæˮһˮȥֻˬңסЦصĳһʾչСչ
֪˭𣿡 ǻϡңЦ᣿ڲԺǡ
ÿĵæЦ⣬װȤʣ˭
ŭһ˦־ҪߣæֺõЦūŴˣ
ҶӶūţִ˽׼ǴУҵѣϾ˵
ʱƢⱩ꣬ǰÿô죬ǲʱô죬
ңȥҾϰߡ
ÿҷƢرʹԼٰͰ͵ĸⲻǡˣͷūſޣ
ĥڸԼȥȴҲҵ˷֮ˣٿʱû˸ղŵļλİ绹ʮ硣
Ȼңһƽ𣿡ǰⱾǻʢᣬѰϡƽĺܡ
ң˭֪ǾǽȨսĴӮңһ˲֮еĻ䣬ԭֲ֪ʲôȤ¡
ңҵüСĵʣôˡһ񣬳һЦûʲôˡ
طЦЦһ죬ҲǸˡң밲
һͷϣ۾֪ʱģлʮ˾˵ǣһһ죬ۣ
ʮЦ˵ʵҿеƣҾǴǸưܵޣġ
ʮЦſֿңں溰ʮүү˵ûȥˡ
һ֣΢Цһȭͬʿʮ˾ˣڡȻЦˣһӵЦ

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¹һȥЪϢһҹΣʱԴǰҾûΣʱ᲻ҾвŻ.
̾һ֪κջѡúõ̾ʲô
ӽˣ֪˯˾Ҫһϵ³ȥ̾Ц
ƫĹֻࡣЦױҪйݡ
Ҿסô죿ԭҲǶôż񣬻ֻһ棬֮ԻҵĲԭλƽģʹҿ־塣
ѻѻһһӵ׾죬йݣԶԶŵˣƲУҰ
ԺЦʵ̫ˣϿûҶ.
Ȼƶ߲ϵУȻҵĶĴŮλǧŵȻ򵥣ԴҲûʲôͬһжж.
͵ƶоزĽ޴ʮδĸסˣֻоӣĺܡ
Ůȥ󹬲μݵǣҵŻλ𣬰˳.
ͬﷵ˻סϾĸŮּûˣĸŮĨᣬҴ飬һϡƽĽΣִ֪ǺεΣ֪ɺãҲ.
ƼҿޣЦ˵ģѾͷ
˵ҵֵǰһͨƯĻЦңѾͷʲô
Ҵģۡ
Ц˽§ڻ޵øТ˳ѾͷҶҲЦһ˶ţ俪ˣ˵Ƶ֮Ļ˵ʵôлǶģҷһڶûȥ
˷ֿʼģֻһ߾˵һЩԭȤ£ĽζпÿһȺˣס
ţ󰢸磬˰밲ҿɫһ˿漴ָֻЦԻլԭûرܵġ
ЦŰڰ֡òô񡣡˴󰢸磬
ҴԼ֪ãɹԭǲġ
ϴλҲǷʥּģںԻǹΪ֮
ⰡǸˡĵװЦɣģɶѡ
һֻʱˣοΰһ֪佫ӣЦˬĺܣ治֪ǰ˹ĵˣôô.
һ곤棬λճӰİʱһ֪Ŭһʼô˷Ҳ̾Ϣ
⺢ӷʲô㣬λ˾ʰæ
ҵġ˾˾ˡ΢Ц񰡣ȫˣ
δҴ󰢸ͶԶһϢ߰˵ܣ˵Ͼ˻ʰ̫꣬ҽԺõҽ
һм˵ܡ
ʩһڱ³ɡھķϰɣ
ʱҲʣ⺢Ӻúõģʣһǵ̫ҽ˵˵ˡ
ﲻź֪̾Ϊʲôͻ˵ﶼ˵ˡҲ˵˼䡣ãѧֵǿģҴȥ飬˸飬ϴηҵġսߡҪġ
ү΢ЦҲЦͺãҲ
˵ŽһͷѾͷ䣬ȥ棬ҴЩ
л
һѾͷصĴͷū
ȥɡͷ淼̸֪ʲôñ̸ʲô£һ밲ȹأ
סԺӣסȥ᷿ӡ񣬸յûüڳ
ѧˣЦڣЦҲЦ΢ЦԼңȳȥɣŪҵģİɡ
ҲЦ񣬾ҰɣͷūԻ¾ͽū澡ȥˣҳš
ͷʵ̫ۣȡһԵ棬ֱڵϣһ飬һֻһ.
һչ˵ǲģǼѧʵˣǹǮ
˲Ż£С˼ҵĺӣֲرϽûмҴԨԴҲûк
λᶮЩ.
ҵ֪ЩֵǮҿΪʲôʷ⾳ֻǰڵһһĻң̲סͿʼЦҪŪ˻ҵĿˮҪˡ
һͼʲôЦġһһתͷһ˧ߣ
˭ʣɫò˾Ǹˣ
񣿡Ҳ´ôػ
ҲĻѻƵǰ⻭ֵǮ
ȻЦˣſھǮͭ
Ҳ΢ЦǮǺö³ԷҪǮ𣿡
úõĴһֵͷһۻǻٵʱ˰续ģ˰ûҿɲ֪顣
˭ģǧ˰꣬ҲüǮ ǮЦˣЦǺܺÿģ
ǸˡЦ𣬷ػүүء
ǾŰطƣڵϣ̧ͷž˾˺ȶվ
Ű΢Цڰ֣˰ɡͦͰģӷ֡
ʱһˣŸ磬ǸСɵ˵ʲô˵ôʱ䡣
ֱͷɵӣ˵ңŰʮ˵
ʮҲڵϵңɫ磺ޣ񣿡
תͷȥúõ˻ѻŻñ顣
飬ҲôɫһÿĶȥ
Ű̲סЦֿΣЦ̧ͷ˾ˣԺٸȱ۵˵ɣ ˲ǡ
˵ҿʮʮһ£˵ң
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ǽ֪ţУɹŲж˵-ǰ׹ˤɵӡ
ˣ˵ɵӣܹ赫ûܹ衣йƵĻ˵ˡ
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ڵ׹æ֡ģܰūˣתôɵūɵġ
⻰һ죬ץֿ޸סҲɵӣҲǡ
ңĿңһڱ֪ΰοңֻɵվţ뵽˵ԼɵĻĴӣЦˡ
ңĶ˵ҴŲˣÿһޣҾۡ
ʮŮһ棺ҪҴ򿴿СǸ˵ģ˲ԭٹܳˣ˷ձ飬︸ôң˵Ҫ޿϶û⡣
ٺ٣꣬ڿԼˣ
֮ǰһҪѵɵӵñӣҿɲ˵ɵûҪ˸ǲмЩӹˡ
ҹ磬վҪʼΧԣҳԷñƻƶǼصĻõġ
ҹ۲»ڻֱ߰ˣͷ̫ӣݳֻͦǣɫ̫׿Ų񣬲Լѣλʮ̫ӵˣ׾һΣ˵췴
߾ɹλ游ĸڽǰҲֻܱ֣ܵȻϵ㵽ңܷ
һ£ֲ̫ҪǡôҵʵֻڲƻΧҿ
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ҿʱᵽҡĴТŮΪ֮
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һ˵ɵӵˣڳĹѾ㹻˵⡣
̧ͷ޿˭ һ̧ͷû뵽ϿҺȻסˣβ
ãһ£ˣֻǲ֪еԲԲֵĺϲ˼⡣
ϲڱҲֻĬ֮ڿˡˣȫ⣬ʮҰвûԳƳŮͻشʻ
Цһֻ֡ãȻһ㡣
ȻЦ£ ЦܲƻºͶᶨʾҹȥ
ʱȫѾ߹ˡۼɡ

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еɣƺˣڻ߿ݣľͷţٶ.
֪㶵ԭ˵ҳ̫̫󣬻Ҳ˵񡰳ֻǾ죬һ˵󡣡
λɵһˣˣҳô Աߵ΢ЦⳤҲأ
˵ʱԭڵĸ٣뷸䣬Ͼòף
ЦҲûʲôͽϴη׻޿˱ٻ˶׷׳ǡ
΢Цͬ˵ȻǸúӡ
˰Σݻûʣ˰ɣջҪȥΧȻȥɡ
˵ԸˣѸҵʹҶͻȥʮ㡣
û˯⣬οﻹǰ̼ݣ͵͵ˮ߷ܾ²ô򵥵ģмƻ.
Тׯ˾Եۼ˭󰢸磿˰磿ҵĸһȷһԲǺ¡
ˣˡҴһ Ҿ˵ǸҰѾͷæͷ
ʮ磬 ôˣʲô²ˣʮң߻վһ꣬С
ϼʮ֣ĵ߰˷İ磬ֻʺĺܣδĴ󽫾ǰŲһ
Ҵӵվչʮһ֡ˣˡ
ĸأʮЦ ңҴ
ԱߵʮЦˡΪʲôң
ңΨԸ
ʮĸЦˡŶ֪ʲôңڣ
ʲô֪ģڲԭÿ춼ңڡʮʮӶЦǸ黹Ĭ
ʮң죬Χ𣿡ҡͷȥҲ
ʮİЦˣ˵ֱ׳ Цң΢Ц񣬼Ȳ͵ҲȻֱ׳
ʮ΢ЦʮĵܣСЩ˵ɣ˵ʮƿԡ
ÿϢ΢Цʮ˾⻰ɲԡɻҡﲻԣ
ҽ˵Ҹʮ˾˳Եɲƿ
˶Цˣʮ˵ȻǸҰѾͷ
ңң ʮ˵죬ʱְɡ
ȥҲȥϿ˽ڣ΢Ц˵ãʱλ˭Եࣿ
ʮʣΣҵҪ
һʱûѿڶӮˣԿĸݡ

ͷ

ΧϽĶߺ
˵ʵǼ³ģ˴Ӳݳᣬֳǽֳ֪Ǹô˼ĵط
¡¡ﾹҲԽ񱼵ͷϧ֪̫֮࣬ϧĺܣҲҪԼĽУ
ңҪμΧԣǰңʼһϣҷǻ˷ܣҾǣ£ƣá
ǰҼԱԶԶšұϣ˯.
ۣ֮ǰһ˴ڹӰҿ壬ֵۡ
ʮ˯ţϸ˷硣
΢Ц֣ѾԿˣһɫװִޡһꡣ
ʣԽˣͷתһ֣Ҵȥ
ұ˵ƻ󣬾֡һѰ޴
ҶԷǳӹĺܿ죬Ҫҷޱȿ־壬㣬㡣
ֻЦȴ٣ˣУ¾ޣط飬㡣
ȴЦֻðͷ§԰ҵĿ־彵͡Ļůһʱ֮е㱡
̧ͷ۾ûˣҿǸˡ
ʱЦࣺԭҲкµʱ򡣡
ȴҲ˵̫̼ˣһʱָ
ʮİҲˣңȥˣûʮһ˵ȥϷһȦ
ʮ̲סЦʮһҲЦ֪˵ʲô
ʮģ˭ͷʮε΢Цʮġ
˵İ磬˰磬Ҳˡʲôİ翪ʣ
ҲشֻεЦɲ̫֪£Ѿ̫ˣ
ֻҵ͹ʮİ磬ʮϿڣ˴˴˵ǻᳪδŵӣ˵ĲôԹ
˵ſЦúݣ뿴κˣԼȥ־ˣ԰Ϣɢ
ǰλ˭ﲻˣֻЦ𣺡ʼ˵ˣӮ˲
˵ʮ˵;Уš
˵ʱص㣬ûǣҲûԼŰɣ
ʮĶүү˵ĸ˸磬ɱŪʮ磬˲ȥλȥλûӦֻ΢Ц

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ӽ쿪ʼǵˣ̸۰սںȾ.
ãҴ٣ңȥԼ
ʮС̫Сϲң˰ӻûȵȡ
ҵͷַԸȥѣϸסˣˣҲˮСϲӦ˳ȥˡ
ʮҵģ̯ĵʫһ׵ģЦ.
Сαϼһ궼׵ʫܾıѧģдĺȴϲŮܰƸУϲʣԹת
ңʣΪʲôЦе飬׵ʫд˿ġ
ңͷẺ֣οȻȥˣҽ㣬ҲýҲ
ңЦҷģʫңƿʮϴһɵ㣬ңһֿ̧֣Цõˡ
áҷʫվҶûôģȲƽϣСϲѶʮһ
⣿Цʣ ˵ǣҵĸôȤ
ãҿȤƣǴϵĺۼ߲ſ˺˸.
ͷƣεЦոո˹˹СƴʮʣǸעˣģȴЦʣ˭Ӯˣ
ԺȻҡ ϲûʲôһĸ
Ǻãٶ೪һף񡣡лҵл⣬еġ
ϯҿĲãҲҪң
Цôʮ𣿡
ҲȥҶ裬СʱϲĵӾ󽭴ˮԸߣ ۾õˣ Ī磬 Ƿ۶Ϻ˵۴ Цɽƣ Ů鳤һ ˼粨ѽƽĿźã ˭˭ʤ˭һˣ , ﶬиߵͳѽ, ƽ̫ϣ βͬľͺã ֪١
һգʮĿң˵ˣܴˡ
ЦˣЦסǲãֹЦ˵áһ֪١ҲЦˣǵˡʶ
ȻδšʮүүҲڣа̾⼸λĺҲС
ͬʮվ밲ңҲ밲үңүʮδ
ҵҽܣүãʮȴЦֹ֡
һСװ޿ɺǣǰң޹̹ɵĿ
үʣӽʲô ̸ЦһҴ
үЦˡ֡
Ǳ̨˵ãϼ̸Цһһۡ
ʮĵղΪʮģٳһɡ ɡΧ
գʮһҪӣ֪Ժǽ
ʮЦʲôӣʮϲһ˶
ʮЦȻǴһ
ү΢΢һЦģ֪ǿʮӣġ
үһάӵЦݣҲЦǾͺáԭЦ
ʮʣ׽ʲô֣ҹŪ飺£ˣн
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ү΢Ц˵ÿһ׿ɺã
һ˼ʮˣʮ׸軹ãиֹ٣ֻǽܲˣ˵ǲþͲµĵµҲԲϡǵͷӦʡ
ǷתԶ쳾 ߲˼Թ
Ե ͬѪͬˮ ·ֳԶ
컨ȻҶ һ˭㣬ããֻ 龰ٸ
ź˿ ̾¶Ǩɽ ǸӢۺúԸµ
öɻǵ ׳־ĺԶ
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ѽưݣ鷳±ͷ
ϣǿʼ¸үμӣȻûʤ֣
үҲֻ˵˸쳾֣ҡͷͲٲˣ
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ʮԥ˵òСɽˡһ㾹ˣ
ʮҲס૵ʲô֣ײţƽֱġ
΢΢һЦмˣ򵥵źá
ҵѾͷ¹ңͬңߡңһֱͷͬ˵Ҳ
ô˵ңң͵͵˵ңֻؿƶߡҲˡ
ȴȻе֪ʶΪˣΪ

زȥ

һ죬ĿźȻǰңʶҪµӣأҵڵأһֻû뱳.
ѪûҵȴֻеĻҵؿڡ
˰˰ʮʮӦ
֪ıɱΪʲôң ̧ңȽʮң纣ľץס½.
͵͵¡
ǰһһ˹ȥҲ֪ģ˺þΧһֱããһƬ۵þƣֻñϥ.
ͷԶԶ̧ͷȻһƬףʮʮĵĻпϣ͸ǻֵĺҪҪ
ȴ·Ӹߴ£Ҿѣڲһȥʱ
̫ҽߺϣˡҺȻֻҴȴģֻһֵȥû˿ңǶͷʹţҲû˻ش.
ҴĨĸֻΨһֱҵˣúϢɣ⹫ѾӦúչġ̾Ϣһ
ǱˣҶӪʣλﻹδĵܵܣһûΪʲô޶ˣȻЦˣЦд᣺ƭˣǼٵģҪؼңҪ衣§ҿޣÿĺӡ
ȥң꣬԰׵ľ񣬱ޡūû¡
Ҳʲôǣſʹ飬ϳʲôûˡҾͿûˡ
ҵһֵ·Ҳ֪ʲôǰ.
һ˵ʱҶûЦˣԽӽԽĬһɼǷ֮أϲݲݽԣݻؾҪչңͬˡ
ǰһңϲȢңң˵ūֻи񡣡ڶǧ֮⡣룬Ϊˡ
㲻ԸңҲǿ󡣡˵ʹҲΣ
˽⣬Ƕױ䣬ū˸Ǿūŵڵˡ׶ģǷأ
ĳݣᣬ籱ˮŨȴéҰ硣 ̧.
ڱĿĻۣң㿴 Ĵʣ ǣ
΢΢һЦðǸѧʵĺӡĴʣڲԭ꣬Ĵʼҿ죬ͻȻԼ÷ıðɣ
ҵѧʵΣȷʵأֻһ֪
뾩ǻ·̣үҵ⹫Ҫңһ.
Űʮͻؾˣݸݣү̫ȻؾʮҲּȥ
һ·Ͽϲ֪ΪģһֱΧ壬ҶַԽĶʮֲȤװ£ʮ־ȥѧޣѧʹ
ͬӮǱģǳѧʮͬһʮְңȴҲȡЦ.
߶̵ôףôǲᣬǱĿԡ
ұѧƣ˴˻»죺ʮү˵ɣ벻š岻ӡ
һԼȳʮᣬָҶԿ˵ʰ꣬Ѿͷ̫ûˡ
΢ЦֻǶˣҼ˵ʥ˽̻ˣ
ҿЦ׷˵ΩСŮΪҲСŮûģʥ˶ˣʲôɧ
㡭ʮָһΣȴЦѡ
ԴпձҪҰݣ嵽˴ҪֻΪ˵˵ֻʮĶ죬ÿÿմáܺãֵôϰ忪Ĳ;
үͶ˵ǰң³ʱе˱ǣ.
үЦˣʲô ʲôѬ㣿 Цȴش
ƿʢ¶ߣλ˾˾ǣĺܡ
ǰЩĸǼ򵥵ģͬ˵ЦʮģҲǴ󽫾սɳ
󰢸磬ʮĶڣջˣǰ˵أ
˵ʲôɻ󣬴󰢸Цŵô˹סڶǶ
Ȼԭ̸ҵס̨ԼɣþаŹ̫鷳
λһȫ񸮴ּ-޾Ǭ幬
һԾĲңνԾ󰢸ֵĲ֪룬
үǴδйĴл
л˶ʮ侪ȴҲʱΣЦ˵ҺøĶ䣬ʱ˷ӳ֪ɰʤ жүðˡ
δѾվڷ˼֮ϡסǬ幬ҾýҲ֪һ¡ҿɴûʷ˵¡



ʥݴ뾩1900˹ʱգΪԭĽҲ㿴ԭˣ˷ܵò֪롣
ʽסǬ幬ҷ˸в̫ܶ࣬Ǹһ֣ƺ֣Ůһ飬һз.
һ˲񣬴Ӱ絽лϣӹսƽҶУǹеʶһݣǻʶƵⱲӻûô̡
Ȼ˵þʲôϡԺΣڵסǬ幬ͺ˲ˣҶȰͽ˵
ȫˣλЦĵҾЦЦǡôȲ̫ģ˾飬ЦҲѧʡ
Щˣţв׵ĵطͺۼ˵ʵЩ˵㣬סǬ幬ֲǲҲ²ǲǬ幬̫ˣ⼸ˣضǱ𴦵á
ҲЦˡ֪òøʹͣ˵֪﹥ȥıݣʹȥ
΢Цҳէлչˣ͵ı̺һףǾɵġ
÷óǺӣ̺ݹȥȫæƴǣūΪ£ӦӦֵô͡
΢Ц᣿Ҳûʲôøġȫæллūȴ֮ȫˡ
Ҷ˵Ժʲô׵ĵطֶָ̡Ҷ
ˣΪӷǣū澷ڵ֮¡ҲƽȻ׵ء
ҽǹϸϸĴǻʹǲԭҵľٶֺͣĽҡ
ʮңһ׵¾ҶҿԺĸ̽һ¡
ЦҲұôôĸп˵ˡ
ʮˣЩգףöá
ҸģҰɡףҰʹ졣
ʮࣺ˵ƲƲ첻˵
æָ鷼ն죬죬ʦǽΣǧѷûᣬΪлʦ没
ʮɲǣĸ˵Ҳ
һʱ棬죺ʦ𣿡
ʮʮһĿңôǣʣ
ʮңҲ̫ˣʦ̫ӵʦôֱա
ʮȴ̽ĿңҲе㲻֪룬Բ˵ڻǶˣҲ˵ڡ
æ񣬡Ҵˣһĺܣλ˾˼£һġһǺ棬ʦѧã
ʮ˵ǵȻȻʰô̫ӽ
ҲȥôʣʮʮĶЦ˵棿롣
ʮ˵Ҷ鷿ҲУ൱ڹŴټҽ̳
Сϲңضţȥ̫ȴŮ㣬ضԶҡ
鷿Χ̫ӶѾŵ޷ˣѽţ㣬ѵţڴ⡣
浹ĺ룬̫ʦƣкЩĻӣҲּΡ
˽ҺǷȽȤТѵܹǲҪ£Ҫҵ̫үԣҪǸ׵ľ
ҶҪЦˣοЩҵѳ꣬ѾڳΪΪİ
ǣҪǰʦصֻˣԼǻʰӣ
ֳ羴𾴵ӡ
ʵˣżЬ׼
תӣﵽſڣнŲˣһûüתӡ
һűŰңʮʮģһ֮£ʶֹˡ
үʣŵܣôˣ
ɸɵЦû£һҪʦ
ү𱸣ʦҪȥ鷿ԼţţŰʮʮȳһסҡ
үԱַȣڻӶƣȻλһվһӵˡ
үüǸʲô
ʮΣɲǵĴﲻˡ
˵εŲˣЬӵңҲֻʮεı¶ǰҿ밲ȰЬϣҲֻɵЦ
ڻӶ̲סЦʮЦүһͷתһߣڻҲͷתˣʶǽҴЬӵ˼˶ԽǺӵġ
ʲô֪⣬ǡ
æЬӡˡ˵ǻͷԼͰɡ
Ҫ˵·𣿡
֪ʶˣ϶дšй
ֻ˵ʵʵǣϴλ˾˵ʦҪΣ˵ǰѵһģҺ棬һ¡
үЦˣʲôĵá ˵ʵȻѵһ
үüŶķ棿
Ҽ˵ʵǷǳõģϧݾĵѵһʵڷߣϧʱûպá
죬ЦЦ˵ǵ˼үʮʮȥʰٳ㣬Ҫ˼֪ˣ϶㡣
Һˣʮοңĸ磬Ƕ㣬ǸñȥŪǷǡ
Ҳŷģԭ˵һһһлġ
ʱϷһӣ򿪿ϵĴʡТɱȥಽףЬϼһ˲ūΪѣ̾
Сܺȥ͵ϵʫ
һǡЬʲôᱡңҡû



ҼǬ幬ҲҪǰź򣬵ʲô£ʱ׼ȥͿ˵˵ī˳.Ҽݡ
ʮˣŵÿգסĻϰ𣿡
лϵǡҹлҹȥ
ȫ롣ȥ
̫رʮ鷿ʮ綯֡д󾪣
ŭɫأ޴ʮǴеġˡʮ磬 ʮϣʮˣȴ࣬·ˣġ
鶼Ķȥˣ鷿֣֪֪ʦص
ʰϢŭ˹
޽ղ˭˭ǣȥ췣ȥӦˣѾģˣ첻ˣ˵ꡣ
÷װθڲӣϯ俵׼ĶǬ幬飬л˶׼һȥ.
ضţҳԵĲˣθµĻţ׼ֻݣ˸һɶֵҪ̫ҽæֹֻԸǲ˵ʰɾͰˡ
һ̫ҽȻ뵽Ըضȥʮôˣضرʮ磬ʮ磬񸮸ʮȡ
ʣأ
ضѾ̫ҽȥʮǶҲȥˡʮҲ˹̫ҽҲˣūŴСϲӣ˵ʮүû£Ƥˡ
̫ҽʲôãϣȥʮү𣿡
ûȥүȥˡضش𣬿ʮ,⹬ûĺӿ֮£ֹһ
ҪȥǵȺйҸմӹŹػң˵Ŀʹ֣֪ȻңֺγԼԼû˹ɣ
Ҫȥʮ磬𣿡ضΪѵĿ֣ҲһɫȻһҪȥġ
֮ضƧС·ʮס.
СϲĨʮҩһ߻߶Ҳ̫ˣնˣΪν̲á
ʮˣֻҽ䰤˴Ҳûʲôռ˵͵˼
⵹ǸӣȷǸӡҽݣСϲһ㶣æҹ밲.
ʮæסԼ˿ڣ̲סг.
ǰסεЦ˵ĵطã㿴Ұ׵̲סұҲСϲӽҩɡ
Сϲҩʮʹұӱȥס.ҩĸģϺõҩҵͷ
ղ˵ҵķӱ˵ʲôӴЦ
ҲЦ˵ˣŰɣеǣٽ̸㡣
ţūʮүʮүʲôԸ
ʮ˵ʮĵūţˡȻʮҺض.
תţʮڵңô֪ȥʮˡ
ʮ΢Ц˼ܺò¡˵Ҳ⹬˵ʵ
ܸңΪʲô𣿡ʮĿңҲǰŪĸˡƲҽ˵ʷʮ׺
ԽԽƣϲǶæΪʲôĿпռңΪһܵĹעʵ̫࣬.
мͬڰ̸£Ҷڣλүɳȥˣ磬Ű磬ʮˣȻۼˣʵ̫Σˡ
˵ûʮĵİģҵӵȫ汩¶ҹƨͬҡͷ
ΣϣͨϣѾȫˡ
εЦ޸Ҹʦúôͷѧɡ

԰

壬ޱƣʮʦֵıһʹ.
԰ҵүү߿࣬ûˡ
үЦֲǿ£Թʲô
ʮĿЦ࣬ȴǼϼѵĲ£ȺӿʼѧڻǰüĿûС
Ű绹ǲЦֻ̬üۼ˲.
û߶߶ģһ仰аЦҵģ;ѧڻѧôѧĺá
˵ʦͽνʦʩҲûӷӲ̲þ˵ѧҪǴ̣Ͳ𣿡
ʮЦָңһֻ
ѧ峵ҲһֻʲôɾáүЦ
ŰЦʮģ˵Ҳ
ԣҲ˵ϴӼɽת
ʮһҪЦʮľ˾ˣǻɣ
ʮһ࿴ңѧ𣿡
ҲĻش𣺡ûС
ʮ̣үүЦѡ
ʮݣ·Щȳʱװʹ飬Ӧһ仰޵ĺǳԡûýʲôеʣ
¸»ٳ񵥸öץʮ
ͷϸġֻͷİԼҵΣɣϰϴһٰɡ ү
ʮԺԼΪġ
ʮӦˣЦϣ뵽һ¡
ʲô£Ȥʣ
ҿʮһۣƺݵĵͷ˵ֵܴܵĹ¡
ʮ΢Ц˵
ֵһ´֣Ӵ˲
ʮ΢Цң׼ʮ硣
δֻǿңҲʮļ˵һ죬ĳֵ֪ܷĿ
ͳûѸһ٣
ͣסʮģʮĺϣʲôӣ˵춷Ĭ
ܵϢŭɶȥΪֳ𣬸ĳ,ֵܷĿ ǵ
˵ϳ˸ĸԼ˭ܶĸ硣žν򻢻ֵܣ
븸ӱ
½꣬΢ЦǸù£ʮ˹͸ȥʮ
ʮӦ ŰЦ˵ʰ꣬ʵʮʮĵܣڹȥʮܣֻʮʮûȥ
յľŰ磬һȥˣʵʮ绹𣿡
Ű֪ͬˣ΢ЦǾҪʮĵˡ
ʮҲЦˣֲСӣֵܼʲôڶ˵ġ



䣬ǰʮ硣ʮķּʱԹҡ
Цε֪ûĿ
ʮĴһ£ҵͷȥüŵ˵ô򵥣
װû˵ʲô Цһ£ȴԣֻǵͷ̡
ȫ˳ϴ͵ţʮЦпڸ
飬Ƶ԰ˮȥضȥʮʮֵԹ;ͲġҲȥ
ʮʱѴˣҴ˺ˣЦұȭ˵ˡ򻢻ֵܡĹ£л
ҰָʮġлңʦĹ͡
ʮҲЦʮ磬Ҳûʲô
ҹȻûʮл
ǲͷʮľ˵æһٽ̡ʮʵǸǳõ֪ڲį
ʮһǰ鷿ѧæԼ£ңҪһġ
ȰαˣֻЦˮ֮ӿȪ౨Ҳֻû͵ţ͹ҡΪʲôԡ
ѵֻ岻»ʳΪڣڹҿ˵ĴҲͲΪҡ
ͷ۵ĻǻȻ˵񣬻׼ǱϾҵţҪıʾһ£
ǱϾţҪ׼Լźãʮʱˣҿʼѧ壬Сɣһ
뵽ᵽԵµ飬ڻĴʻá
ֻҵֿһ㣬ʮ֣Ǻֻ̫֮أʮĲ 룬󽫾ҲͲȥڿǶүּʮֺʣһ֮
ȥīҲãӦӱдˣиѿ˼主󻨡ֻʱֻѰ䣬
дңĴʣ
ǣӦ ΢Цʲô顣
𣺡ûضˣڿ𾭡
桰𾭣
дʾ˵
Ҳһ£ʵҲһա
΢ЦѾ׵ĺܶˡ
ȥ仰˻ӣʼ壬ʮ죬ڷЭ·꣬ӣֱ仰֪ãԳʮˡ
ĽңӣȻЦģЦģҷ
ϵңģ
ϲʮүǸøɡ
ʮЦʲô⡱
һۣЦ
ȴӿڣǸ񣬰ⶼ˼ˣ֪һ
ʮЦˣŵʱҲûôΪѡ
ҼװաԽݵǲˣӿʼЦңôţ
ʮЦŶ˵Ҳգ취˵ŽšֻߣУ˶ѡһܺѡЩ
ֻ

տ

ʮĸߣʮˣĸȥ
ôࣿīֽ⣬⣬
ЩҵģҶˡʵڵĹ֣
Цҽ⣬ǿ顰ʱֻѰӡ
ȥź򣬿ּ죬һ繬磬񣬸ﲻҿۻңֻüļλס
⹬ǣһ𣬻˹ˣ˸򣬵磬أƯҴȴǸçײˣݵͣǰⲻ죬ȴиߵĶӡ
죬ʼһԣңǽŮһƾˡ
΢Цӣû˶ȻҪЩźá
аԺȲʣ˵Ұȴ˵ʮеĸ֡
Ц˻Ϻͻݽİ˵иĺӡãҲǸ֣װͿĸ֡
ţ̫౨̫͸Ƕˡ̫ĸͬһ磬ѵǰ˸λĸϻ.
ҿŸ߰еģɷ̬˼ϲģڹŴԼɷǸ˲ Ůˡ
˸Ц˵֪лϷ˸Ϸϲġ
ЦһˣҲ˵ˡ
˸Цʣϱʶǳںδʾ
Цãˣ
΢ЦˣŮУ˸ε֪Ů䣬ǵڼʱ˵ֶЩ˽У١
ͷ˵ǣСӼңؽôࡣ
˸ҲЦϱˣƶ߲ԭˣǲͬ˺ÿҲȡ
ҲӿڣݽŮ¾ۡ
ƣһҽڳ ʵڲӦЩŮˡ
֮ĶǳܿܣŮ֮ս೤пĺ.
ǲ飬䣬һת˽ţҳһһƨڻȱϣһʱ߳һ򻨣 ģҶ춯
ʲôˣͷֻУĸģҲ㣬ɡ
ԥ߳ȴǸˣһ绨ˣڵء񲻸ߣ
лʣ ĿңЦղŲĴ
£߰ɣ⹬ɲߡǣлߡ
Ҹȥ뵽ңжûˣҲ룬Ҽѹ˼˼ʰûԼ˵
ʮʱᣬһӸң顮ʱֻѰ
ʮ£Ұıϣþõᡣ
ңһޣͺˣǧñ˿
һЦˣҰ·ˣ˿ҪЦġ
ҲЦһ·ЦҲֵˡ
΢Ц˵Ǻãҿ޻ͷһļơ
ȴ޲ֻǰͷıϡ
ϷˣڻߣϷģߺ͹ѣˣֻиԴ⣬ΨһĿлγǻˣҲʮ.
Ŀת֮ʮҲң΢΢һЦҡʮһЦ
˸ЦϲлϷ𣿡
ҵӦá
˿ӣôãȴģﲻðɡ
˹ϸϸĶſ˰Σ΢Ц˵ŻΪһƬТģˡ
Ҹ˳ضṬƵ棬Ǭ幬·.
ʮһ˵ǶЦЩŹ֣˾ƣ ضʶȤĶ㿪ȴɻСδ̫Ծʦôˣ
װ̧ͷҿЦҶԶ˵   û˵ȴµ߰˷֣
˵ʰͿָˣԴ˵ʲôƲϵ˵ûе˭ֻгĬ
ʮĿգһЦһġ
Ҽ䡣
պʮıûͬ˵ƽʱҲʵݾֻ￴飬֡
˵ʵҲ֪˵ʲôأ˾ͬŮɲԽ飬ֲʣȢȢϱԸܺӰ죬òС
ϰЧʾǸߣոʮָͼ̰˻ûгϯֻٴΪ¹꣬Ҳ࣬˼尾
ԲƽľȻ֪ʮŻЩĸĻˣûкûûǷǣֻӮɰܣҰ

ˮɻ

ˮɣͷѰ˵ӣˮɣˮɵĵܿǸ
ʮվűЦڸʲô
̧ͷ õӿˮɵĳƣҵ⡣
᳤ʲôӣһң
Ц⣬һͷ󡣡
ҲЦû⣬͸Ұɣÿӣ档
ҳң
ҷԸˮװ载ˮӸģġ
Ц㵽ְˡˮɻңʲô
æΣ˸´ʣǿʱһݹ˼
Цţ´ʡҹȥˮͷͷ
ֵճͲʮܣ֪ôɤţʮ硣
̧ͷŰҲڣ΢Ц밲ž˾˼顣
Ըϲ裬ȻתͷҵĻ
ʮգСѾͷָӿ⿴㣬ôҲдһ¡
ҿ΢ЦŶԭҵĵطһΪʮ˾ˣ⵱гأûžʹСС
ɫ࣬һЦʮϾţǰݵĲӣһھͼҡŰ¡
ʮЦʮˣⲻź򻨲𡣡
Ϊ˵ãֻǴЩҲ̫ݣҲЦʮ˾ˣԭΪСǾЦ軨ɡ
ʮɫͣûʰĶ顣
ʮʣŸʮôûȥ
ŰЦǰ֪ȥͺˣʮֳһͷ
ʮҲЦҾԼҲʹġ
ǺȲʮʣ֪ʰ굫˰˸ĸ˵ʲô
ŰȲ裬˭֪
΢Ц̸£ۣ޸ϣʫɡ£
ʮ ΢ЦӲ˵ʫ
Ц˼Ѿ䣬˵ϧŰüҡҵġѾ䡯
Ҿˮɻˮɲͷ⡣׷衣
ҿװ޹ô ãʮЦããЦĽ
ʮΣ˵ûѧʵģֳݵ䣬˵ѧʰɣͳЩ䡣ҲЦ
Цʲô ԶˡİʡסЦλյĵˡ
Ű΢Цʣĸˣ ˸أﰵЦѾεˡ
İǡǶˣİʮҲˡ
ʮҾЦ˵ʫˡ
ҲЦ˵ġ
΢Цй򣬰ⲻ⣬ҡ
кѣЦ

Ԫ

һһţգһ¯ɭǣϯӽβ˰ɣ̧ͷң롣
㲻𣿡ʮһͷЦȴˣæִ
ʮǺǵЦ˲پƣȴû治ֻ֪Ƹ׵ǳ
ôȥЪţ
ףġЦ˵Ҿ桰죿
ҡͷɼǺͿˣûʱҿǵһףصˡ
ԭôˣұȭˬװл˵ô˯ţԭڵ˵ء
ʮҹһЦ˵˵ ȴ֣
һ¡Ҫ񣿡 죺˵ǵأȴġ
εЦ˵Ҫʲô
ҺȻ÷ϷһСҪǣ˪¡
ҳˣЦǼõģϧһҲŪ
ҲЦл©ҹ֮顣
һԸ⣬ֽүʮ.
һʮı뵽һ磬һֻУһƣǼǰ͸ʮĵģһ״ͨ͸ΣͷһӦȫʤգұˣ࿴˼ۣʮҲڽԴԼˡ
˵һ㱡񡣡бʲôǺ񣿱գ̫ϲˣ
ȥʮү˵ǧ׵ã֪󣬡лˡռ̸Ц糣Ĵ롣
һԣ֣ƨõĻù˹ţʮ΢΢һЦ£ȳףҲضˡ
ʮҲЦ𣺡лʰ佱
ָңǸͽҲ̣úһӲ㵢ˡ
ʮЦʰ꣬ˡֻһֱ°ţԺһĽ
үȴڣֻʮĵպҪæʰٸҸʦɡ
һ£ʮľҪӣǸҸˡ
үֵʮܻʤΡӦƵģȥʮ
ʮ΢Цʮպܺãʦˡ
ҿЦؿϣλʦڲֻ࣬ܳͽ̫ʦĹһЦ
ʮĿҪ빬ȥԼۡסȻ壬ʮʱ
λʮİ磬ҲԽˣûʮ

һ괺

ˣʮҼʶ˺꣬ϺȺҪʺʳ
ҹ磬ŵƽʣַǷһֱƵҲࡣ
Ƿ̻ʮȥǰ棬ҵС߽бЦ˶ָˡ
ʮͷң΢Ц˵Цˡ
Ӳ춼Ц
ˣҲϯסڻ꣬ʰ㡣
ź˯£˯šţ˷ߡ
˸ͤʲôߵ˼ͷı˼ĸ顣
վͤˮ鿱һƾ¹⿴ǾŰ硣
ɫ߰Ⱥ°ܱУ̸Ц糣˵Ĺ壬ԽǴ󡣡
ȵļˣң񡣡
ŰӦվڸ֮ͤϣƵͨͨ͸͸
ѾͷǸ¾µͤʰ
ƽͣûǰôóһݸңһʱ֪ýӻǲӣЦŭƽƽ˵š
ֻý˹Цһ£ǽҵһϵˡ˵תˡ
һʱʷ䣬ոǾŰ𣿡
ջķᣬȥһ£лϸʹͣаǵַ˲Ƶ˷ܡ
Ű͵óǿϺõ֬и
֪ǲ֮ 
˴ʮ빬ʮֻȥɽӪˣִʻ㽲ʵϰȥˣ˵ʮھӪдţһȥʮ£ʱ´ھӪ
ʮĽ˻飬ڰүϰ
ҵΧԴ²ѧˣҲûоʹɷۣһֱ󴫽ʿ̿
ѧһһ£һ⣬Դ˿ǳˣʼң
͸ҳ⣬ƵĲУѧ˰ǰͻʦˡ
һлͷѧһʹ಻
Ȥѧ˹ʣʼֻΪ鷼ɰʲôģ֪֪ר˽ҡ
һʰˣҸҪȥҵæһͷ
˵Ϊʲôҵôֶ
Ǭ幬Уźһԣϡҵһʻ
ʦ𣿡
ʵʵ˵ʦǶûգżÿգһ֣һΡ
ҲЦôûεĻػػϣ񲻸һ㳤ûС
Ц̾ˣˣҲΪˣ岻ѧͰˡɴ⣬л˶ЦºͶ硣
ҿν֮һңϲҲһ仰ˡ
˵ʵΪһҵõ˻ϱȻӶߵĹעǲġ
ţͬүнҪ¼ݡ

ū

˳ȥЪϢһ£תɫǰߴػҲȥźˡ
ԾʹЪˡ
Ըضơ
ضصĶ˵ū˵ϳࡣ
ۿĻʣ˭˵ġ
סɫƣ˵
Ц˵Ĺɺá
ضһˣæͨһ£ͷྵɽ졣ˡūٲҺ˵ˡ
鷼䣬̧ҵ龰֪.
æ˶š
ɨǣסľ˽֪ЩūŶġ
һֱƣǲңǽˣȻһ죬ǻ
Ѿڷ˼ˣһСҲܰһٵ
һڣ⣬ƪ˵˵Ц˴ţҲǡֻһ㣬ԺǼˣǬ幬ͬ𴦣ϵ¡
ҿǶڽɫ£ȥͺá
Ǽ˵Ժȥ£㲻СҲõҪʲôøı߾ͣС˴𡣡
ȥ밲΢Ц԰ӭԼ쿪ˣȥ䡣
ҵȻ岻ݴų
̰Ŀ˵ǰµĺǽ޵СⰻȻ
Ҹڻಽ߹ȣڳرͣסŲ
ŮǶԶԶվţеĽһӰҿø˾Ц΢Цſҡһ⡣
һֱ˹²ףмʶĺӡ˵
ԭΪһ׮ǫ飬ҲʲôʶǾò֪ģͲҪ֪
͵΢Ц˻һӣûô򵥵ĵ
ḧҵͷúӣôСô
ԶԶЦŹ
⹬ݽˣŮšҲЦ⡣
΢Цŵͷڶû£ĵġ
һͤˣҲֻվڻ
ң΢ЦҺúơ
ֻ΢Цͷ״Ҳ֣ȴ΢΢һ¡
ʶ̧ͷĿҵͣһ˲Ҹо.
Ȼףǿ鸣ٵ֬񣬾ŰĶӣò壬ʲôر壿

ܾ

΢Ц˵ѧ
ҾװɣĻѧء
ʣѧˣ
ʵʵ˵ѧʲôġ
ЦøʵڵĺӡҲЦ
˵ţ尢;Űλ͹밲
΢Цֵ𣿡
ŰĻҺǰͷػʰҪҺȥ̫Ƕ
尢ҲЦɶ˵
֪밲ͺá
ЦҲĻȥæɡ
尢΢˵ůҲϸз硣ȸˡ
Ц֪ˣǶⴵġ
ŰЦŴԲݶˣֵܲôûТĵˡ
λЦˣЦϾҹһЦͶҪˡ
˿ڣݽ㣬ǶһЩõĶȥһɣ⻭õĶǷûöͻ˺û
Ӧţ˵ллң˶ͻȥɣȥǶˡ
ҾʹӦˡûף֪ҹȥʲôҿ˾Űһۣʼ΢Цûɫ
ס¾һûô᲼÷䣬ˣȴǸң߿˵ǸĹ壬Ǹӵʣ
һ߿΢Ц飬֪᲻Һʲô.
ôڶźۼܵÿڣػսҲ֣һҰ·ӡ
װ˼˹ﾻˡ˾˾ž˾¾Һܶࡣ
΢ЦӦõġԼˡ
һָ˺Щϣߡ˸Ұ
ҳˣŰһڹվţ˾ȥ
Цȴȥͬ·ߣҰժݻӿң
ϲ
ôõĶղ𡣡û
Цãֻҳʱġ
һӹ˾òϱģ
ҿЦã˾ˣʲôĵط˲С˹ɣⲻǺ𣿡
λүãЦû֦չһ䣬ಽףЬ
ҳԾдᱡĴʣɵģֲ˦͡
ֻҧ΢Цǲʶֵæ˷Ķӡ
ȥָװΪ⣬֣˶ˣʲô˵ʲô˵Լ׼
ضǰүˣҸ죬һֱ̫¶ʮĳˡ
ңЦùֵֹģ˵㷢ˣ
ҲЦ˭˵ģ
ʮĿҵԣģǲٴǰͷ¡
á΢Ц
λž˾ˣôһţ겻ᣬ
ŮϷδ̫ˡ

Ѳ1

˸ҳ磬ҾܾˣӴûˣֻùԹڹѧ
ټҲԸͬЩʲôǣܶͶ㣬㲻.
ʮżңʮӾӪһ棬һҲΡ
дϰƧٳҵʹﻹյ
н죬ұڸ֮ͤߵݣң˼Ҿ˵
ǾŰͰ˰磬ϵͤʰ
Űݸһӣţܼ㣬͸㣬
ʵӹҲһˣ򿪿ܳɵ黨һԣ貶ĿĶܼ΢Ц
ŰҲЦ˸磬ûбѾͷĳӲˡƾʲôöǶҲôЦģ
ٺõĶҲߣʲôã۹񫡣
⻰ɲԣҶǱ˵˯ţ֪ˡ˵
үЦҡʲô
Ҳûʲôྸͷѡ
ү΢ЦŮҲиġ
ŰЦݣҲԡûпֻǿԶͣһ˵ʰ˹ŮΪǵĴ㻻ˡ
һͷˮĿǡԻ
ʮھӪز˻ϴʱһ̣ˣɫʯƴӶɣɳ棬ɫ飬˷ܵĲˣŵ߷š
ʮһ˫ԧƽЬ幦ӺЬӴ֪ЬԧԢⲻףˣڹҪף߸Ьһʮ֪ģʱֻ˵ƽЬ
ңһݷ˷룬̫Ӷڣ֪˻尢磬ʮȣҹоزһԡ
ָңδˣȥɣ޲ھУǶҪ˾ְİ¡
ڻӹسǣһƬ¶ˣǰ˵ҪɽӴ𣿡Ҵϲ
Ѳ̫Ӽʱδ̳ˣүү
ڿʱ뿪ʹǰĴúɽ
ν̻ݣӺƺƵĴӾ˺ӳΰ˹˺ӣǵǸѾ˳ʷ̨ڿȴҪͨҪ
ףһзоʱֻоƽ
վڼװϣ棬΢ſ˫ۣ䣬˷ɣҪȥģ
ʮЦվΨҵġ
ҲЦָ죺ɵȥ
ʮЦЩģɵ
ŰҪݣ棬ūǿʲô
סû
ʮӾŰ̽ͷٺһЦСѾͷ֪ԼߵŸ
ʮŰշȥʮһЦ׷ȥ
һȣЩʮæסʮȴ΢΢һЦɻȴͷҵĽţҽϴ͵Ьƽʱȹڳ󿴲̰ͼ
鷳ͷϻоŰ͵黨ұ鷳סˡ

Ѳ2

Ҹסһҡ
ŰλŮ浾ᣬʮֳԶѧĸ߹󣬶ѧʸãסһҴ
Ƕзֱʰɣ΢Цʣ
ǰɲˣ󵶣Ϳѻ֮˵ʵ
ǫ飬ҵʮġһ󣬿ˣӼݣ
ʣʲôô֡
һػڿǫ顣
ЦָңһڿڶЦ˵ סǲǽ㲻ð
΢Цڣ˵ŻŲơ
ϿţŮ˲裬һԣ룬֪˭ĸ
΢ЦҵޣôҲ᲻ãڻû޾Ѿͷأ
ƣҺӴԣֻҪȺۼ˾ʲôǣҡ
ЦϣʱľӦһ仰
ʲôЦң˼ҳ˵Լĺá
Цŵͷȷʵˡ
ҾԼ·ʵ仰ǰһ䡣
Ҿġһǣ˼ҵĺá
Ц
ϣǰ͸˵˲˲ţֻһһľС΢΢ͷа֮ɫһ
һ죬˵Ц꣬ҵװ͸͸ŰվǣһǶŵߡ
λ˻ӲͷƤȥ밲
ž˾˼飬밲ɫһ漴΢ЦЦôܾûǰЦˣڻ֣̿
㵹˵˵һʲôġң
һһֻһŮˡ
ס̾ϢһŮˣȴԷģȢ֮ҲȢΣ
ҽܵĽǲ˲ŵģңҶûȫȫŹοЩȨİ硣
ˣҵңҾȻûǵǲģԭΪҰˣԭȻִͬһԼ˭û
ŰЦˣҪΪᣬҲͷҲš
ֶڰ;˺һסҲ˵
ջЦҵõˣ
ҲҲ֪ҲһӶˡܻشգײһ˵Ļڵ.
ʮʲô¼ңϵᡣΪҲˡ
Ϊʲôҵᶼ
ұʮҵ壬ҿǱ棬ǽ֣ѾĻ䡣
ҽ·ʮĸһ֣ʤң˵ʦصֲÿϲڶҰܡ
ʮԱ߿ͬ£ְܡ
µõ壡ˣãӽҷ壬Ժʲô嶼ˡ
˲ЦȥҾǲ߻ϣȻ˵
ŰԶԶˣʲôô֣
ŭδ֣ԼǸЦܲ𣿡
Ű粻ʮ͵͵˵ˣҲ̲סЦ
ʮʮģæȥˡ
Ű£һһ֣һ֡˹򣬱㿪ʼˡ
Ȼܣɥ
΢ЦȴȻң˵ޣģһ
Цô?˵̫ˣ
˵Ļڡֻǻϴͻô죿
ģֻҪ㲻Ҿܰ㡣
˻桱˷ܣһԼȳ׷
ãǻΪġ žžžƣҪȴץסȴյĵø
Ϊ˵ޣŷŹģԶҪǡȵ䣬ëȻ
ˣЦʡ
˲ְסͷ黨ҵҪȥ
һЦҪϲպиõġ
ҲǸŮˣŮͬŮûʲôͬҲΪңݺỨԵ¡

֯츮

һ·ϣظĵطѽѽһȺԱӼݣ羰ûȤ
ʮοңõ˲ܴǶʰס죬ʱȥ档
֯츮 ǣ֪
˵Σ
ʮЦλܴʥ¡أʲôˣ֪Ĵ
ҲЦ㿴¥㿴¥ˡ㡯°ˡ
ʮڵֻĿңһʱ
ݼٽһ˺ƺƵס˽֯츮뵽ܼҽӼݿճ͢ǮԭҲһΣܸųֻβ󲻵ڼ֣οǵ̨ԭҲУһһˡ
ҺﰲٺˣŰʰסĻ𣿡öӣ
˵ȴǻ˼΢Ц
û÷ЪˣҪʶܸųɫΣǾ£رһЩϷеСģֻǼڣҳ겻⼸ѾҪҵ첻θۣ֪һʱ˯ˣ½Ϣұθڻ԰Ҹͤ£Ѿң
񣬽̫ҽɡЩˣ
ãֻҵȵĲСֹ
ôһȲ衣ʮˣôˣɫ԰׼ʣô̫ҽ
ʲô̫ҽų˼ڵĻʳ̫ҽ
ǰˣʣʮԷҺȲ裬ûУװȻˡ
Ц۾ҲЦû£ȡЦҡ
ʮأӦҪҳȥ棬Ǻȶˣô죬
ʮĿҡģҳ硣 ʮѾ
Цܲ١ ˡʮҲЦ
ʮʣӶտɺá Ȼáʮѳȥͬʮ˵ˣ
ʮļֹ˽ԳȥСεû˻ʰꡣ
ˣ˭֪ϾͬˣʮʮһҴʮ׼õ·жλΣ޳ţʮʮԺң
߰ɡҺǣͬʱͷ½¶ӣʤա
һʱסŭ̽ʱż䣬һнһӢţǡһδ
ʮЦôˣٿȥҪ޳ΣεЦ
ʮȴ·ɻĿҡ

 20 

ֵĺܣ˵Ρ
ҲʮһľƷͼ׾ɰҵ´ϣʮʮǰΡÿ𣿡
ʮЦʮ翴֪Ӧһ仰ʮһȻģʼ֪ޡ
ҲЦˣˣôĻպ˵ȥɡ
˶ЩΣȴ΢Ц
ǰɽ˺ʮȺʮұ˼ţһڻ
һСգϷ̫ףǳϷСѾͷøݣɤҿýζ
ϲϷʮڶʣҲžһֱִʱ
иĿšеģǸӡ
һͷ̫ʮЦʲô
ִЩЩС£һˣƷͷһȴԡ
Ҿ̹Ȼʮʮ˾˷档ʮЦǳϷСͣһʮЦմڵ
ҰЦ˲ǳֻСӻμһ
ʮǮʮˬ͵ķᣬСߵл
ǳȺȴʮģɢˡ̾
ʱʲôʮˣ
ʲôҴʵڲνͣ
һۣ֪𣿽·ǿ͸һ
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ϣΪʮЦңҪ⳪
ʮˣʮĵܣ̫ˡ
Ĵ֣̾Ϣˣ֪ɣ
ãһᣬ˺һһ򻨣һ򻨣ҷ֦ѾҲ㲻İժ£¿˶ ڳˣ裬򵥵Ĳ䣬
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վʮŭϲˣôЩǰ衣
˦֣гģˡãʮүӽҲͬ˵
׼үƢⲻֺá
ʮĵϴģҲ
ҿڵùˣЦģ˰Ҳˣȥ¥
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Ѿʧ̬ҵ
ʮʮĶŭĿӣλԳ½Ĺӣޱȣһʱ֮ſڽ࣬
££ǣᱡ֮ͽ ֻǣֻǣʶ
ʮĴǲʶ㡣
λεˣҿåʮ׵ĿΧ
Ҿ˾Ƣã꼴Եϣ㲻Ҫ黳΢Ц͡
ʮߣﻹֹ
ЦõĲУִͦʶһ꣬ڴϸŮԴڨֵ塣
ʮң㲻˵ǵͽӣЦӭЦ
ҲֻתͷʮҪڽϿŮˣʶô
ʮЦˣشң˸ȥ˵ȢؼҾˡ
ʮģʮĵͷ
Цףԭˣϧôһס
ʮʣ⻰ô
˵Ȣؼң֪˼ҹϼ𣿾ϼޣǲһ棬ΪƤ
Ȣȥһӣ;ҲͬŮһһߣһҲûΪŮ˵ĺ
Ǹûй顣˽
ʮĬһ΢Ц˵ĺܶԡ
ʮĴͷ̧ͷңˡ

ؾ

ôĵʲôΣʮ
Ű⣬ʲôˣ
Ű΢ЦģЩЩС£ˡ
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Ц˵ʮүҪؾܲܰҴЩ
ʮҲҡʲô
΢ЦشѾװ䣬ȥסᣬˡ
ʮ̽ͷѾͷŪ˲ٺö
ҹЦˣҲ͹ģֶ̡һֱɡ
ʮȻؾˣ˼طʮգݷŷ
ʮͬ˵λ½ǲõĶӣڽϿҳ˽ύ֮ġ֪
ڶڲܸϷʱˡ
̽ûͬ⣬Ű統ʱڳ仰ͽˡ
ʮ˵ʰ꣬Ҳûˣ˵Ҫ㼸ꡣ
ҷģ΢ЦһӲźء
ֻ˹ҾҲе
Ⱦס˻޹ԷҲûݣ󸣽Ҳ̺ʮѾ
쳤ھӪˣһоͶָ
ʮķѧػʱ˵һ£λ½˾ˡ
Ǹ˲ţͲ竡ҵͷ
ʮĺȿڲ裬ֵֹЦôڴſ
ҲЦǲſȴ䣬ˣҲá
ʮķ˲裬΢Цʱ˵ԷƱ
ŰżŻңʱʱ͸ң챦Ȼ˱գһ
ٺǧҲһٺһﲻ֪Ūôӡ
ʮָ飬Ǭ幬ʱҲڣʮߵл˻ʶ
ЦأףԸͷϣɡ
ʮһԲһ۾ˣ׷ȥԽҲĹˣ˺
͸ˡ
ûңͷҲˡ
ʮĻҲûȥμӣȥ˺飬˶ףض鷼͹ȥ
һ󷽺ˬټϱôʲôණͳͳص͡
Աָ˻飬һҲûң԰һΣԶԶʮ͸
Ҷ㿪ˡ
˹ҴóӣضҸߴˣҾҲǰ˭ֻ
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̧ͷʱλǣЦүʮо죬
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ѪŨŨѪζУȴһˡ
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ҵðѻ˵ʮүҲЩɣ˵Ļֲû
ʮס˵Щĵġ
ǣ ΪʲôʣҿЦҾԽԽ̰ġ˵ʵ
ʮĵݸһ룬뼤ŭҵ
ʮʮһصӪʱȥҵãץסǸ̫࣬
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ңĻˣҲڣһζ䷢ģˡ˵ûӦҲ˵ڲָ飬˵
Ҳֻ̫֣дӦ᲻Ů˵޾Ͳ޵ģԼҵľٶ̫ټϣΪɹſƶߵĸ񣬿һֱҲԭ
ңʧˣҶ˵ʵҼǵ˭ɱҵĸ硣ҲҵĶ ʹĿңȻһˡ˵ңʧˡֻװƽ
ʮֻǶ˵ٵȵȣҲ̰ģһõĸ㡣ȴҲ̸Ц糣֪ʲô⡣
˰һҾȡЦң׼ĵʮǻΣúݵĳġ
ŰЦţȴģֻ԰ү˵˸磬ҵĻһ㶼ûдɡ
Ҽһ꣬˵ĵѾͷү΢Ц·ڽЦ
ʮ˻ذףûҽЦⲻҪʹȥģʱκ˵ҩһãõġ
Щֻұ̸ʣҳʱȫһľЦ˸ˣңɱǻǼɵҵġ

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ҿ˺ӣʮϸǵƿ˵һƿ򿪣ҷ˱Ƕʮֻ㣬õ¶ʿŪá̾ϢһԶܰЩˡ
ү͵Ķ¶һֻκӣһŲ㣬ÿһ㶼װģ˼ôֱʣԺҪ˼ҵϻһˡ
ʮĶлЬǰ˵Ь·˼ҲѾнԶ
Сϲˣü۷죬Ҿ͹£صĿͷǿӵݸңʲôûֻˡ
ˣСϲ᣺ūţһҲ˵үȻ˵ū֪ࡣ
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еˣʮֻ֪ڹҵ£㿵̸죬˵Ц
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үң˵ĸ͡޺磬ԡ
ǲȥģֺˣǾԲеġ˵ҲȥɢɢģֻЦϣҪƷˣܲܿȥүϡ
ޣҪˡЦ
ĸˣһӸ˰òรҵ˺ԺﰵЦңǵ÷ҵˡ
˵ֶ̣ܸѿλ£ֲԼ̫
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ĸʲôҡʮ󲽽ݣ֪һŵࡣ
ңһ㶣תҪߣȵȣҽסΪ岻ݴǣվסȴȻҡ
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Цᣬ˿˻Ϊ۸ˡ
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Ϊ˿˵ûʲôλүϲŭ޳˭֪ţ
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үüʮʮɻ󣬡ʲôϷ
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ڶ죬ȫǲܻӱգǳ͢س̸֣֮ϽĻϣͷ˼յϲӡ
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лȥæϣϽ˳͢һûлʴ֮룬ŲᱻϿ
ӳϻ˵ĲˣڰҲڣңҲȥ˰ɣ
ǣʱˣô࣬־ʿǰ֮ҡƨ
ͷ΢Цû
Цϣ϶׼
Ŷʲô˵˼Ҹˣ
񣬵ʱûͽ˼ҵǮ֪ܲܲˡֻҪ˵һ˾ܸ֤
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黹û꣬ϲ౻Ϊ࣬˶˰౻λӸλȴ˼࣬ǣλûвμҵġ硯
ʮЦ عս֮
˵˵ЩЩСˡҲЦ
ʮͬү밲лүҡ
Ű΢ЦһС㡣ʮѾ˵ˡ
Цȴ䣬һСңֺο¹ֺã
ʮʣ˸㲻ȥֻǲ˸ӡ
Цȥ˲ǲүӣҸճ˳Ϸ磬ֻܲίΪ˰үլƽһǻرΪ
үʮȥϷ룬ǲĺܺãʱʮҴһֻľΣĹӿɰǰǶľԣҺϲȴʡǮ
󼱣æòУˣ׷εӣĸһ٣˵Ҳ֪æС
ҲЦˣʲôԭǶġ
ʮ΢Цûʲôö㣬㲻Ӳźá
ʣʲôˣ
ͷôæпգ΢Цз˼ɵΣ˸Сϲӡɵ㣬˵¶ˣ˵үϱߴġ
Сϲ͵ۿʮҽӣŭãһģҵˣԺҲˡ
СϲæЦˡ⣬лˡ

Ѳ1

ϴ̫Ѳӻƺ飬İʮİݣʮ𾩳Ƿ񣬴󰢸磬磬˰ֵ
˵ҿŮӼҲΪáҾ
ʮҪʲôҡͷúʥݣ϶˵ôĸӶ
΢Ц塣
Цúÿοʥģ˻ɱ⣬вû
ҺһԼЦˣǸŮӡ
ǻͷʱİվ΢΢Цʮĵܸˡ֪ʲôʱģ
ʮæŽӹܾ񣬲ɿ棬ҾдһŸһ˸Ĵ£ܳĲҲҶ죬ֻæˣһʧ
а뵽ΰһһУҪǾĻƺ񡣽ǿ׳ģԹ⡣
дֻţףӲ֮ԣǧǡ
ˣҸչǬ幬һÿдһŸ˼ҡ
ƵĺܣֻӦҴ㱨ö⣬дЩ䣬ݳݺɵ¡
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үӸһžĸ֣дúܺá֮̾⡣һʱ⣬дøˡ
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˵˯ðȶˣһ̫ҽ˵ٳҩͿɴá
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̧̧֣ʣĲôˡ˵һ飬
ͷ˯ˣ밲ɡ˵¡һ
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Ŀңǰ죬ţϵ˽סˡ
ѵ˵ңʮյˡҲ⣺ʲôɡ
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亹ӿæϸϸ룬־䣬Ҿû治ĻҲû˽֮
ϸˣûдʲô˵Ļ־ǶԾǷ๡
Цã⻹㻹дʲô
¿ˮ̣ϲҲû˵ʲô𣿡
Űһ˲ĺܣ֧ʹӰԦţ
Цˣţ˵ġ
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Ѳ2

ҸʮĵţѸţдֵŷûдһ֣һøš
һݵӴң۾ˣɡ
æӹﲻдЩ;ţдϺܺãԼĸҲã֮Ļ
ϣŹۺãݻŷԭʱһֱ΢Цҡ
΢ЦˣøҶ
΢Цο˼֮飬ࡣ˵ĺܣԸһοջƵĽӡ
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Ц⻹˾Тģҵʱ;ֻʣһֱæҲˣɽͷ߰ɡл͡
˵ϰˣѾּ˵˾ˡĻ
֣̿æЦǳƺ˾˵ģҲ˵ƺİɣҲС
ЦŵͷУǸøĻǵøĵġЦǡ
˵ţʮ밲˵Цһͬʮһ
Ұŵ˵һ£ʮֵģʰҲû˵ʲôҰ͹ȥˣӦû㡣
̾Ϣ˵˵Ҹɡ
ʮЦҪ˵Ҳԩ㡣
ס䣺Ϊ顣
̫ˡЦҵ֡
нľ֮ɻ󣺡ôôγš
ҾӸ͵ģҵֶ꣬ʣϵã
ЦĲϵãľͷϵá
ѲʱҵģЦΣ飬Դ
죬ô֣ʲôʮŹЦʮЦŸʮİ˰񣺡ʮ氮˵Ц
Ц˺öʮүһ¡
ʮӹҷһʾŸ磬ֻġ
˰翴һ΢ЦⶫʮĵŪģҲƽ
ܾĻû˵꣬ʮӻң˰ɡɫҲ֣ơ
ʮ˵֪ǰ˸統ֵҪذ˸硣
ʮʲô£˵ȥǶߺȲġָҡ
ЦʮүǬ幬ǲݣ
˰ʮЦʮͷֵˣ˵ɣ
֣͵ʲôϡİɡֻεʣҪʲô
һͷñϵĶӡѾͷ˲ɣҪǸʲô
ЦʲôӴ񡣡
˰ЦʮЦˣǻ£иɡ
ЦеǣֻǣʮүԺȡЦңҾͲĳȥ

Ѳ3

Ǭ幬Űڣҵ鰸ǰҸûдţˣЦվ
ʮʣŸ翴ʲôء
ǰţдϵţô㿴
һ٣㿪ˣ԰˰˵ˣƷһʲôš
˰ʮʮ׷
ŰЦ꣬档ҹūǣǽץ˺ЩУѾڹˣֻȻϵּⷢˡ
ȻôЦպޣš
ʮЦŸһץžŰӣһͷʮ˾˵ĳ鲻Ҫˣ
ʮЦҪˣٸʮʮС
طK˱ŻˣЦ˵пЦأ ˵ץбȽһ£ĸͷ󣬽еҲЩ
ʮЦòУæңȥ߲ɡ
ҶŶһЦסˣִһᣬ÷Ͳȥ
ضʽûţֻûȥдꡣ
ֻʮ˵Щ£ֻĹٿ˿ǵסֹļʱֻǻ
һɺ޵ǣȥǿ׵Ĺ٣ȻԳǰ˸ˣҵʱͰˣΪ
ģֻΪܻ˸
ŰʮԲ˰ЦʮĶԣ˵ˣƷвˣˣ˵ѾͶ̫£ڵԳҵˣʵڿЦ
ʮЦôСʳǣʲôҵˣ󲻹ǻʰĳ񡣡
ŰЦˣʮ⻰˵úá˰ҲЦʮ磬ûñ顣
һɢˣҳͣʮߵ˵ӲлЦ
Űͷǡ
⼸λȲ裬һ̵֪ˣֻ˵Ц˶˳ȥԼժ壬ҿûʲô
ˣ˴һرνʮ˵ͳ䷳ȴңй֮ܡ
ݵĶ˼νΩ̫ӣүֻδᣬˣ
үӻ佱ңֻҪ˵Ҹʲôá
ʮӵ΢Цԭӣſĵҵ֣ҿġ
˶ˣֻǸɵӡ
ԴǸľӣİá



һϲڿԹػ£ҳסүңһסʮ졣
׼ʮʮλ磬ȥᣬүס̹ĺܣĸǸܵͻݵˣòʷʱӺı⻹Щƣһ󽫾һǧɡ
òλӹιз⣬ԦҲȻλүڿܲסţҲܵı֮һҺˣһҲι
ʮϲʱֶӣ縸ӣλүԶҲһʮӰҵҲͬ档
ʮʮҳţĸһͨŷųš֣ˣ˵ģ
Сģһ̯һ̯ϸϸĿˣҲʼǮһʵģǷδȻ
رۣԴ˴Ҳ
ʮıԹ Ͱ͵⵹ãʱ˰벽
û߰ɡҵĹΣҿɲҵ
Ҳ˵ֻһԾ
Ҵĺˣһһˣ̧ߣȴֻʮһˣأʣ
ʮĴǷոӪ±ˣ
ҿʵڰȷʵ࣬ЦԷɺã
Ȼá
¥ֻʶһطǣʮİ˶¥ұɫҪǮ
΢Ц֪Сٻ롣
ҳһмĳЦضź¡
ſھɧҵͷһӰлһʮͷͣüۡ
ʶʲôǹŵˣ·Ůͼˣǵˣۼձ˼ɣ
ƺҲҪ¥ϣϧǰˣҪߣѷԸضȥ
ʮԲˣҪͬϷһԷ
ҵһһʮʲôˣһͬʡ
лҪйȥˣ棬лˡ
ҺŮӣʮ΢Цϧʮ粻ڡ
λޱĴˣʹͷʮ֣ϸֵЦȴ棺ʮүʶˣôû˵
ޱɫһ𣬶ʮĺ֪һҵ죬ŵľЪࡣ
ʮЦſң𣺡㣿ţġ
ǽָҶǣ𣬽ӿڵܣʶԭٵģٲһ
ԭ¥ġͷơҲ²⣬ʹͷƣҲʮģңȥæ
磬ͽҡһȥСˣҪޱӹţøұˡ

޺

ǺôĵӣһϷӣŮ¥¥զľͳ¥ƹĵǰ档
ſЩˣú棬Ұ佫
̩˼񡣡ߺȣ
Цôᣬʴ˵˭̩Ҳɽеûס
ߵ˾ͱȽûɫԼǿûź򣬸Ǵ̫ӵˡ
ҸЦ˼ֻ»ҪǼүӵġ
Ƕе㶣һʱ֪ҵ
Ҽ ҪǻˣлǺӣг¥Ҹû˵ĵطȥһ˰ˣӡ
ûǷطKЦʹˣǻͷŰѾ¥վˡ
б¥ݷϣǶЦݣһȺ˶
֣Ȼ߹վߣںȵĲ裬һڡ
΢ЦţǻŸʲôûĻ
ȥүˡ
ЦһҶҪ֪ôֻ֣»ǺӶǡ
ͷྵɽ죬ү¹ۡ
Ű翴ңô˵ۡ
Űڰ֣ɡѻѻһȺ˶ˡ
Ҵ˱Ӷϣһˣӡ
Ű΢Цޱ´һޱҵƽʱҲ㡣ޱͷл˵Ҫǡ
Ű粻Цˣллϰ壬˿ɲ٣Ժٳš
֪˵¡
Ҷл˵лԺҪʲô£ȥŰǶ֪ͨңһ㡣 ʣ˾˰ﲻæ
ŰЦ㶼˿ڣҪǲôСлޱˡ
ЦûУʱͽҾ˾ˡ
·֪Ѱպþҡ

ǺãȥŶ꿴ЦſңǸǮӡ
¥ϰ壬ʮĻ͸һȥˡ
ǴҳŶϰӭү
Һ̧ͷơ޾ӡҵ֡
ָơΪʲô޾ӣ ΢ЦͷҶ˵޺ۡ
ŭå˦֣ԼߣںЦ
˵꣬طKϰ˵ΣΪʲô޾ӡ
ϰЦǫǣ˵С꣬С٣һ
Цɲǫǣֵǫǽ
ϰЦҲҡ
ڵתϰ壺ֵǮģóҿ
ϰֺõЦ˵ЦˣҪ˵öȫǾүϲȫ
бۿһԣҡȵľŰ磬ȥֵǮĶ͵Ƕȥ
Цģġ
һԵϰ岻֪ľ棬ЦطƷԸϰ壺ϴνҵģóϰȥˣ
ҶŭĿӣֻ΢Цһ¾Ͳˡ
ЦҵҪʲôö
ҳûϢģϰϵĺ첼һƿҵʱɵˣһϸϸĽȦȦ׹ƣһֻŻͷΣʽŽأľ
ҲǼˣǿɵˡ
ϰЦС껨ʱҵҿʶǮʲڡ
ʶǮЦֻҲЦˣҲ֪ҵġ
Ҫͣˣˡȴ֮֮ʡ

 42 

ү鷿ĿеġվӾʣʮˣ
ʮ˵Ƕ˵࣬𾩳ǣֻԵš
ǸεͯŮɪ֪֪
¥ޱνò˫ȫȨƸɫȴʮδԣȴвزס尮⡣
ҲͲϣʹ飬ҲװûС
˶˻г羴֮ˮǧɽĲ࣬ޱȴִ²л飬˭Ϊô¹ҾͲС
бϣͷֱۣл˯ȥ
Ҳ֪ãʮ̫ӵˣ˸ͳӪھ۶ģ˳ʮֲ
δģүʣ
䲻Ǹ߹٣ǾӪ֮д˷һ˵ã˭ˣҰˣ׷ְʮİػٺ
үܺãԽף̫Ƕģʲô¶㵲
鷿䣬ûе˵أ˭ʮʣæŪ죬
ʮתҷ˿ɢңֽʱЦˡ˯˶ãҪͷȴڰͣס˻
ӡޣЦɵ֪үңūգȥɣ
Ҽ飬ͬʮʮһסͷǰ˧磬ȻˣҾȻ뵽ԸСʣüֱۣͦıӣ˵촽
ɫһϸĴɻԼôˣ
һЦò׼һȥ
ʮЦõĿңתݣ˷ţȴͻͻ
˵ȥҹңү˵鷿˯ˡ֪˯Ƕ
˯öˣϾһޣҵ˺ܶ࣬ȴ־ʲôûףûҾʰͣʮ
ʮҲˣסӹŻûǴӺｫȥǰнԶԶţֻǶˣ
˯ˣôΪʲô
ʮεЦη𣺡ң˰ҹ
ʤңôĺ֪ΪҵĻĻ
ǲأŮ
ũʮǵزؽڣеףǳ磬ﻹ徲˷
ʮвʮʣʲô
ЦֻΪݷ𣬲ΪҲҪ̰ˡ
һǰ಻סٵ֪̽ʱңޱһࣿ
ɫ΢΢Σ̹ȻֻǸлƮ㣬ȴֲŻ磬ԲŽύġ
ҵʮѿεʲôֲ㡣
ţһӹ峵ӣǰҵͬʮˣ
ʮ˵˵Ҫˡ
Ǭ幬Ҳ˵ûʲô棬ϵģʮңô飬ôҲ⹫ҵԽ鷳ˡ
ӹſڣһʿҪүһǶһš
үʮҲˣʰǽҲ˶ѣ۰ܵǺ
Ҳңߣͷʰʱվű߳ĬĿţҪعˣ´㡣
ͷϸϸüĿǸɰĺӡ



Ӫ۶һ£ʮҲ֪˭˼ң˵̫ӵ¥鷳¡
ŭ뷢̫ӣ˵²ϣ
ʮүΪ̫ӿУ˵µˣ̫֮Ϊ̫ʵ֪飬֪Ҳϰ졣
ˣȴҲûʹ˺ɫǷ̫ӡ
ڰ龭ֻ˵Ϊ¥һλҲû˵ʲôŰ͵ˡĲΪ̫֪ԡ
ɫֻǳĬһЦ˵ƢҲǲõģɱȴǸǴµĺúӡ
ҶųеĹζοȺ˾
ڴ֮ǰѱ⣬ϳΪµһˡ̫ʧĿɽѾԽԽܻϴ¾㱸͵ȿʮһĵ
ҿϷˣҪˡ
ʮվߣʲô
һˡ£ѵ̫Ҫˡ
ʮɫһסҵ조ˣ
ҾѣȴͣϷ֣ӦңҲ˵
ҵͷԲ֣ҡ
ʮĵԶԶʮǸʲôģʮЦˣȴƿʮĵ棬ң㻹˵𣿡
ҡͷЦŷ֣ʮңֺ˵ʲôˣ
εЦ˵ʮʮꡣ
ʮҲ˵ʮʼЦˡ
Ҷʮ˵˵ġ
ʮ΢Цһ䣿
䶼ģȴ˵ڣֻܿЦ



ϣȥȥ
һϾױ磬Ҫͷģ鷳з䣬ǸɵѾͷѾŰһ״ֵֹĲҡҳ
ⶫͬһλͷ׹мƳһƽ棬ҵͷ
ϣҲͷĸоͷߵ׹θպ¶Ҳպڶ棬ʮֺÿף޶
˵췢ٵġ
عͳ˹
⻹ǵһΣӴλ⹫ҵ˾ֻ˷䣬Ķȫŵġ
һž˹ӭң˰Ǳûʲô飬ͬǵĴˣλ˸ͬˮ𣬸ָѾǸˡ
һЩ˸УΪ⿴Զ滹ҷ·ӰԵף˲ҵԼˣԼҲ֪ԼǴһӪġ
ҰŮϢĵطҲ͸սȥһ£ӻӸ˸û̸֪ͬʥ¡أ߲ʣǰ˸ˣﲻá
徲һ˰Ȳ裬˺ڿңֺûңҿȥֲźۼİ۹ת
ȥϷ¥Ƕȥˡ
ɴ⣬ųˣյϷ¥ǰ档
˴үʮүһͷطKĿ֮£Ŀбӣ·תĳˡ
û취ֻ밲´飬΢Цͷ
ˣҲЦŻػž˾۹òǡ
ϴģͷϴȫ˼͵ģ˵ʲôֻߡ
ǱʮүˣŸ磬Ϸ쿪ˡԼǲע⣬侮ʯĺңҿȥʮүһЦ
Ϸ¥Χ˾͸޼ɵˣټϳˣ˽֮ʤбŰ˸һȺ̸ȲٲȻһСţ֪ʲôʱġ
Ҳö٣ϷûʼʮϷ¥ǣһȦкʱͳҵͷ
ǸмģͲĿ֮УҲ
Ϸ࣬ðǿ˰죬·䣬ҽڷ㣬Ϸ¥
ʱͿ԰һʯֵĺʯΧûˣ徲úܣ˴ʯϰŲ㣬⸮ﻹǲͬû˵ʯҲɵ׼
ҴȲιһ£ٳԵ㶫

ù

ȻŲǳʯģţ׼ǰ˸
ûϢĽæںգ˸Ÿʮգ¡
ҰЦԼ飬׼ĵ
˸˵Ļ棬ɡ
Ÿ˵ҿı飬²⣬
ʮʣɩӸղžһֱƲ֣ʲô˵
ŸԹʹҲ۸
˸ʣ˻˭۸㡣
Ÿ޺޵ÿ˿ڣ˼ǿƶߵĸ񣬹ǵļӣ
˵ңֻͬϹ˵仰ں޳ɣ
˵׹װӣүϵ֯츮Ļ֯츮˸ڶүͽˣү£ǴʵģԭΪ͸ǵģû
Թ壬˸ֻģǰŻϵӣǺõģġ
һеڣȻǴˣȻ񣬿ûϲ
ϣȥǶѧʱҵġ
Ÿŭδãһ϶ѱҲûʲôͷϵĲҡô˵
Ҵ󾪣Զ³ڱǷҶεĲҪˣοǡ
ʮʣǲҡΣ
ŸһֻҡоŷﴩƣഫģǼٲö֪ʢƹﵹġ
ʢƹⶫ֪˶£һ˵һ˶ܰմ
˶ɽ˺ģ˶پɢϡ
䵽ϧ˶Ҳϧ⡣
ôصĶͷϣҲǰٿĪ硣
ʮԾôصĶ
˸Ҳ֪Ǻöû뵽ϾǷѾ˼
ʮ㣬Ϊ¶£ģŽС
˸Ц:ʲôСҾͿΪʲôΧת
ʮЦ㣬үү㣬һ𳤴үү˭
˸ҲЦˣȷû˼ܡ
ŸҲ̾Ϣһ˵Ǽܳģмġ
ڿǲǸȥǵĿ佱ʾҵĸл
ͷν֮ʣаү룬˵ǣһˡ
ȽŲԶ̱ڲУͷϲҡˣ
Ҿ㣬лʮվڲտڣòֻ֪Ц⣬
ҷվңЦһȦҲˡ˵˵ʲôˣ
Σ۳λңݵˣϲ
ģЦſңҲԹߣβų
ȥǵͤ¡ûһôû
ɫЩΣУڼЪء
ҵͷ˵ϲᣬҵ鷳ʵѾˡ
ͬѰ˹ջȥͽȥ˸Ҳڣ
԰ӻ𣿡òƴѯʣҲΪıŮ̽ҵ١
΢ЦŻػ˵үҵ԰ӣһģռ˹Ȼ
鴫ڱǸͤ˰죬ԶԶĿˮﲴȥʮľ˾˾ҡ
ʮһЦң ʯͷġ
ҲЦ˵֪Ҿȹȥ
ʮ΢ЦûȥҪǶǶҿҲ㡣
һһͣǵñ˶ЦˣŰƲһۣ΢΢Цɵӣȥ֪һģ
ҲЦһȥЦӦˡ

ѡ

ϵĻʺһһţûŮλǧһۣ¹Ž
󹬣ҪѡŮˣλɻ
൹̨ûӰĵλһɼƽչǼοġ
һ̫ãͲСˣʱᵽа֡
ҲʲôǶٹķ̣ʱ̻ҩƽʱ¼д
Ǹ˲Ůˡҿۣѡ¼ȷӡ
Ӧһ仰Ů˵ĵط鷳һŮ˵ĵط鷳
һ׹ŮԭŮҲŵȡ
ŮҲǬ幬ĺ乬ģֲƽղԸŮ빬û·ӣŮֲźùԷӣ׵˴ഺ
߲ãҷԸ鷼䣬ѶŲԺ£дЩԹŮЩģԲؼ
Ե˵衣ͷҲ̧֣һϣһݳȥһһ˱ӣ
硣һЦ
̧ͷүŲվԱߣ鷼վڲԶЦţү΢Цҡ
ֻ࣬Ѿͷתƻ⣺Խˣôɵðү˲ˮ æǰ˺
үЦˣǸɢˣµҲûصĺܡ
ˣǲҪġүЦŰڰ֣ǰдĶ
֣ǳˡү˵Ů֣ʲô
ЦүǸã
һЦãǿɲУûô󡣡
ү֪ϵҲ̲סЦ
óˣǿЦװңˡ
ҳүӣַȣȥ밲˽˵ȥˡ
¼ддˣͽԭͻ񸮣֪˵ʲôҲ֪¡
ζ˷ͣү΢Ц˵ҪҪ˸硣
رԺΪ
лү鷳ˣ˭֪үߵ˶æͶЦ𣬻ҲЦ
Ҵŷʮ԰еңȴ˵˾ɵվڳߣѧŰˣʲô
ڳرʯϣûײˮ棬Լ貨΢öã
ôеġʮ΢Ц
ҲЦǸˣûô˼Сǰ˭˵ɵԼϣǱȣҾǸ۲۵ض塣
̧ͷҲңĵ˵ʲôʱǲ
ԭүѾ˻ΪʮรȻǴʵ˼ң
һүǸϻţȢ
ʮүȺУ͹ײͻˡ
ʮ˵Ű粻Ȣĺܣ˶飬˿ȸ
䲻Ȣ˵輧ּ಻ʤ

1

ʮߺʯϷ䲻ɫ
ڸɭôôͷʦ̨ͨ
Цˣʮ˰磬ܿ谮ҲϲһпɰԲĺӣĺܣͷ˵㣬ӿɰˡ
ϧһֱϧӣߡ
ͬҲ죬վϹȥֵЦǺƢЦ
ʣڿˡЦЦĴ
ҿģģͷе̣
æź̫࣬ȥ̫ҽɷȥǬ幬֪ͨȫ
ԼҲ֪𣿡
ǵôһǷ۾æҪͻذ
תǰˣӰİ硣ƽʱЩģӲദСһʵء
Ҳ˲þͺүæ
нӹʮˣ Ǹ硱ʮ˹ԹԵĽУ
İĴӦЦƽʱԶô
ү̫ҽ˵ȥˡ
̫ҽүһߣڴʱԵˣʮôˣ
£̫ҽ˵Ƿ纮ץҩȥˣңرİ磬˵۰ֵܡ
ʱ磬ĺᡣİ΢΢һЦôˣ
ЦˣӶˡ
Ŷ󣬾ô˵ҿЦǺܺƵġ
ҪȥŮ˵Ʋ
źȥˣЩʮСŮվصĴͷ
ǰͷЦİϸƣ˶ԻЩŮǺõģҿûһ񡣡
ݺңʱʲô
ҲֻԹվڻ󣬻ЦãǰҴ۵ġֻЩĸã
֮⣬Ҫ˵ôеûеķϻһƶˣֻ˵ҸܺãԶһмӡ
һװûһֱ΢ЦȺŮʱӿڣ㣬ʮҲรѷġ
̧ͷ·ӶѾȫͨˣˣ۷µɨң΢΢һЦֻûһЦְͷȥ
ЦõĶˣȻɵˣȥ˻Ͼˡ
תͷ˵ãʮҲϾִƺ󹬣Ҳܸӣ΢ЦŴӦһ
ִ̫࣬ɹ˰Ůˡ
԰㱨үʮҲڣ
һЦãҪͬͬ˵ȥأ
ˣʲô£
ҸรҸãõġԼǿĶõ

2

΢ЦӦģϿѡ
ҳһָһʣŦ³ҵѾͷ
ͷǣҵѾͷֻ̫Сˡ
λǵеǸ϶ҲǰүеģֻŬ
һɡŦ³Ҷ佫ٵҲܶࡣ
Ŭϣѡʱͬһȥˣ˵ʮİร
Ѿ׸߿˵Ҫ
һۡĸʮҸɣΣƷһҪõġ
ϱ̬Ҳٶ˵ֻЦŴӦ
㾡ûгɹ
ȻŦ³ϣǺδǬ¡ϵ裿עġ
ˣʮҲҸˡԻ˵
ʮһæƴǣһˣô˻ܣһŮȥ껹زˣٸҸƴʲô
ʮΪǳ⣬ЦΧʮΪºʮүԼˣ
ЦˣⲻɣԼĸʱظ
΢Цϣʮǻ˵ģʮ㾡ܷĺˣһ׵ĺӡ
үҲЦʰָĻ飬ģǲģʮܻл
ʮصĿͷл˶̧ͷʱЦһ¡

Ϊ֮շת

һ۾ͿʮЦģշת࣬Ȼϲûε˯ߣ˯Ҳʹġ
һ̾
˵ƣ˯ҹ
ô˯ˣʣ
˿棬΢ЦûУū˯š
ˣǹԾ
˯ţ˵ɡҵĴߣ˵Щл
Ҳŷ֣ҾȻû£
㵽Ҳ÷ųȥ˰ɣʣ
ЦȴͷųȥҲСˣ˼Ҳˡ
ЦҲµģȸҸʮү˵ֵ£Щ˸ɽţòã
ȻҾͬ˵Цһ黹Ǻˣ
ᵽʮúܣԱЦݣƯСӣߵÿ
조أ˵ûأйأ
Цͽᡣ
Ц˵ʵܵĻūһֱźԺ˳˹ūҲš
ҵͷЦҿǸǰ;δˣ˵Ҳˡ
鲻˵˺ð죬˵Сϲ⼸Ҫū澿ü춼˯ã񲻼ãûظ񡣡
΢ЦѾͷϲ飬
˭ˣΪҪǣĶԣʮү鷳أǾͱˡ
λǶµţͲö֪ˡ

˭Ƿ˭

ʮĳȥһЩƷ
ȥ˵Ҫ͸ＸҪȥڻǸЦ
Ҽ˵װ˼;죬Լĵ
Цҵ֣֪ϲʲôͶҲͶźá
˼еȵģһֱһ΢ЦңҲɡ
ƴǲͼͨĺɰһ
˶ҺȲ裬ߺȲ裬΢Цң˵ݽи⻰һҲٵġ æǫ顣
ʮ밲ҳ
ʲôҰѺɰó˾Ц˰ô
ӶôквⲻǸѵ֪ѻ
΢΢Цţклܿһ˵ƷС
ôĸĶ϶ǵǰȥģһʲô
ʮĴͳһѪʯʲôʣ
΢΢һЦҵӡȥǸ֣
ⷽӡװںɰЦ˵ɰװöþˡ
ӡ£ʱġ
ֻ˵ֻ䲻ĺöԹˡ
ٿģӡѾģȻִͨҴСľһɫ̥ǣġ
ҴվڵأҵΪʲô
Ҳڤڤ֮Ƿ˱˴˵ծˡ

޲ɢ֮1

ʮ壬컨ƻᣬЩƶܹɽ֣֮ʽϲĻǳƣ˾Ͱβˡ
طKЦңǮӣһĶ۷Ź⡣Ǯӣҵˡ
дգǿƼ׳ıѧ֮ʿǵǻ۹׳ˣҿɲ²ˡ
ڲձͲ֣ȻֵҲࡣǶڿ󲻸ҿǰö˳
ʮִֽҲ²Щ£ڰ綼ڿڴ˵𰸺úЦһЦ
ͷңһЦֽʰ꣬²¿
˵ãͷƤ飬ǰ
ֽһ֮ͷףġղŵȿЦˣڱҵķ˿ˡ
һЦеʣʮ˾֪յ𣿡
⣺Ȼ֪
ҰֽݻȥȻ֪ɡ
ѾЦ࣬Ͱ͵˵ңҿ㡣
΢ЦҲ˵ǲµǲһ
ʮĳԲʮ粻֪յף˵ɡ
ʮģ֪յ𣿡
Цſң˵Ҳ֪
Ҹ̹ȻԿ˵ϣյףӰ磬ѧ֪֪ѧǳôµó
ЦѾͷ²ݼǡҶЦ
ֻóܣǻвʣϣ²мҲǲòµġ
׼˵
оŸɽÿһֻϻˣֻ˵ɽеΪʲô
ʮЦңʲôա
ҲЦûд𰸣֪Ϥա
ʮ˵ңǿʶҲ˰죬һ·ҡͷ
Ϊˡ
˵ػϣȫƾֻϻˣϲ˭ͳ˭
Ц˷ʮ粻ʲô 
ҾЦһиģʮ˾˲²¿

޲ɢ֮2

ã˵ʮ粻ĴӦ
ҲţаһǮʮ˾˼һ
ʮһ̲ԥĴ𣺡Ȼǰ
ЦȻһǮҲǮΪʲôҪ
ʮĿҶЦЦʮ㻹˰ɣ
ʣʮ˾һиɻ¡
ֺˣұ˰ɣ㲻𡣡
ͬȥ𴦿ƣ綼ԭû
ʮȻ߶ӣһǮҲó
طKЦ߿οʮ̫ϸһ£ôǮӣá˵ſң
ʮҲЦˣǮӺ֡
Ҷʮ˵ллң飿
ʮЦúû飿
΢Цʮү֪ǮϡͨҺĲ˵ǮҲǮҪ˵ӹô졣
ʮ˲һͷֺõң 㣬˵ҪʲôֻҪǣҹҲŪ
΢ЦǾͲˣôСŪ漸ɡ
ѾЦʣЦʲô
ʮ˵ʮҪժȥ
Ц˵Źʮɣ۸Ǹֱǳ㡣
ʮæЦ˵ ʰʥ
ֵɢˣҲҪɢġ
һֱſģǶơ
ʮңô˺öôһ顣
ҳ̾ҹУºδ
ʮЦʫ
һԵңǶ
ʱһͷǣʲôӣϯҪɢġ

ʮ

ˣʮ˱ӵ԰Ͼǻϣвĵطǲܶȥġ
Ըȥչʮˣҩʳ̫ҽԺţִһףͨˮźĹ˵ĸϸҪ󣬷ʮ˵Ĳõ⡣
ʮ˺Щˣʹ̫ҽ˵ԣλ̫ҽҵΪ
ͣźƺƵһȺˣԺѰһ㣬ûд÷ĵط
ΣҺʮһɹɹ̫
סʮҪ£ ǰһֻСҪȥϷ·ϾͶòУ
ϵһֻţøסֻůţС˹С
ԼţǳˣǾͳ˸裬ֻèֻţа˳
ҹءֻˣΪ˵Ȥ
ʮҡͷ˵ˡ
ʮͷԣôԣռţأ
Цֻèûޣʲôʱè˶ԣѵ֮ǰҪֻϴ費ɣ
ЦֻźĹˣΪ⣬
Ȼأʮ
¾ͽˣеģ
ʮ˲
ţͬһǸǣʱתֻţûк ʮó
Ҽ˵ֻèͬѣϵδضţڶǡδضǺġֻèˣȴ
ǵֻ񻺹֮󳪸һҲҪģǸǡʱ򣬱졯
䣬꣬Цڶ
һͷ񺹣ʮʮģվ󣬶ЦֵĿҡ
ӲͷƤ밲£§ıʮ˶ӣͰ׵Ŀң񽲵£ĺܡ
æ˵ǴģúͼˣûŵĹ£
ʮʮģޣȥ˲ټʶ
ʮЦҪʰ׼Ժ첻Ҫ׼ˣųȥξţ࣬ģٶ༸ΣɲұҪ˵ʲôڿЦ
дʮүϣҲǴʱݺʱ
ʮıΣЦҡͷ͵ʮЦȴûпҡ

ʮ2

ҪȥľΧҿɲȥ˻ˮ
ҽʮˣϧҵıûеóѣʮ˶С
˾ǣĳݣ죬̸ʮˣﻹãǰҲ޵ģֻͲ̫ˡ
ûޡ
ϸĿңĻ̣ȴҪǿţʵûˣ
ֻӲЦôˣ
ҲЦˣҪܼھУ߾ˡ㶵ƺл
ϰô
Ҵ󾪣Ȼ΢Ц˸ҲֻӦ
ʧɫҡ޵ġ
̾ϢһҲü֮£յϵ⡣
ԭ̽ҵ⣬ϴһۣ˼ҲףڼԼûõġ
Ҵ³ɢʮѲߣң
ýɣʮһңЦˣᣬҡ
ҰƳѾͷɺãҸ˲ţѾͷɺá
ߵòˣū澰ɡ˵ˣ
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Լʮ棬ȴ֪˵ʲôҼ޸ү£
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Զ㣬Һʮүл˵ŮӣĽҰģɱһ˶
Ŵˣ֪ûʿȣ˵ȽϺá
˽ˣˣϧҾЩ˲ǺõģʮΪ͡
ҿҲͦ㣬һţ鲻ȥüһֱûȢ
һҲͣ˵ŴִҲˡ
ͬʮԶԶվţ͵ۿǣû죬վĵԶ
ۿ˵ˣҪǳˣ޹ȥһҪҡ
ʮЦϲý
ҿͬ˵ɫѾͣүѾˣôѵ¸⣿ʣ
ӿڳԭġʮӡʮԶмӣҵʮе
Ϊʲôôģѵ֪Ҷġ
֪ҲңȻȵС˽¸κ鷳

ʮ3

Ҷ˲裬һ糺죬Ѿͷˡ
ҷԸȥʮӪʱɫˣ
ʮү鷳ܶ࣬Ҳܸ鷳֪𣿡ͷҴضȥʮģ
ʮӭ洺磺ҡҵ֣û˴ʡ
Ϊҽ磬Բſҵ֣Ϊů֡ҹܷ磿
ЦܷʲôҲ˲ġʮĲĿң
Ҽ޸үɺã ֪ǰү˼˼Ǵ󰢸˼
ʮסģҵͷվȥʰ˸硣
סȥһ֣ںεأ
ʮסҵ֣һģа취ˣܲй©
Цŵͷ֪ʦңͶˡ
̧°ͣϸĿҡҪңڿҪҪ㡣
үүү·ϡ
΢ЦƲȥˡ
ҳ߻ȥ֪ʮĴʲôаңܱʮүõĶࡣ
Ҳ²Ǵ󰢸ģүԼҲûлģүͷǰ;˵ֻϻҲֲҵıˡ



Ҷɰǵһγ۵ü緦ᣬšˡ
Ű˵ʲôЦ
֪Ϊʲôֻзһź鱻ȥߣվűЦſңҷң֪Ǻ£
ҿԼƺûʲôףذ׵İװҵëףͬǹװһͼΪģ۴Ĳ㣬խȴֻ⣬дʱǷ㡣
㳭ۣΪдֵƲԡ߹ҵ֣˭̵ģ
û˽Լٵġ
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գǲã
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˵ŰѱʵݸдƣҸдˣվüסҵ֣һһʴд
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Цԭֻдֻݴͺã֪ҲҪ֣ҲдˡҪ֣ȴϣ
ʦʲôҵд˼֣ƤҲˣ͸һ㣬ҪȻ鼸Ҫʵݵġ
ҸɴҲд֡
żͷСʱ깬ѧë֣ȫΪȥεǸձҵʦһ첻ѧһӣλʦȥ̣ұˡ
طK֪ڿֻ΢Ц˵ĵ㡣
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·ġ
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ãȻǺõģϧô꣬Ѿͷҵġ
̧ͷң΢ЦҶ֪ø˻ġ
𡶵¾Ļд˳ֶӯ֮ѡ֮ɳãĪ֮ء̡
øҿЩ仰úúÿһ¡
Ȼң̹Ȼӡ
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ҸΣ֪Ǹˣߵ£ֻ˸鷳
ҰʯͷԼĽţԼԼ

̫

ͻҳľֳˣر⼸¡
ǾŰҺдģЦʮ飬үʮүʮʮĽ
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үңæͷ㿪Ŀ⣬΢Ц
˵ţ̫ӵϸ˺ҪС·ʥݡ
ȫȥʲô¡
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й˼ʮ˰ȥˡ
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ǸɰĴͷ 棬ͬ˵ˣ뿪ң뿪
ʱ˵´һҪȥû´ΣҿŹ򵹡
Ŀһ̫ӽϲ豭ȥС£ֵ˽С£ã˶˵ϲ£
̫ѵһ٣˳ȥ
û˸˵أһڵˣһη̫ӣҹ̫͵Ӫʣһʷǡ
ǵùӣ˵С²ʮѶֻ˵һƥһиˣһƷϡ
Ҫ̫ҲΪһ仰ֻǵֻ֮»иԭ
ڲ̨йϷѾʮ̫ӡ
Ļ̻̣ȴ˷ܵģүǣҸоǹӯĽŲȻȻ¡
󰢸縺𿴹̫ӣ׼ؾضȥʮæŹƲӣǷǳʱڣңҲ֪
ֻ֣д̫ӡ
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һ죬ҲڣӺͲ
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Ҷʮ˵ˣϲңοһֱҲҵĺģҲӦ֪ͬѶϢǻʲôӦ
ͬĵ֣ʮľ鷳ĶࣺǸûᡣ
ΣԼĺܣʱ޽ᵳܿлȨ̫ˣүҲ
̫ӱϣ˵̫ӵĲͷײǹϣҪǱ߷һ֮д˽ҲΪѾãЩͬ˵
㲻ҵ𣿡ʣ
ʮЦ㲻Ҫ̫࣬˵¡
ЦҪģԶң˵¸ߵˡ
֮ƾٴľٶưүλƽ֮أֻһ֮ңˣ

ôң

ԺݡǰһƬҺɻһŻ̫ࣺܽôˣ
̫춼ˣǬ幬ˡ
һڷϴżˣѾҴҳȥˡ
֪˭֣ҼæҲȥǰѾˣûעҡ
˼һ˴ק죬ŭĿ
İ磬˰Ȱ裬̫Ǭ幬Źţ·޹ء
һŭȣס֡ǲű˴ƿȴûй¡
ֻİ磬˰ȥ
󰢸򵹣˵ʲôҲܷ̫ӣϣʰ꣬˵Ϊ̫ӣһĸ
Ѿŭç˲֪˵˵
ߵ˰ǰѾɫҪᵳı޽ɱ㡣˵žͳ嵶
尢æסϢŭİҲסȣһƬϢŭ֮
ʮ͵ȥӵŰүʮҲԥصסʮġ
û˸ϵĸ첲ֽۿҪʮϣҳȥͽסµĵ
оʹѪȪӿ
˶ɵסˣҽյвɣϢŭ
һ̾ڣ˵ָʹһ嵶ء
վȥ尢磬İæסˡ
æҵ̫ҽĺһѪʮʮң뿴ʮһۣȴһڣ²֪ˡ
ʱȫڣ֧ȴˣʹý
֣Цôңס˵
鷼æǰϡ
˵̫ӱͻȥˣǻ棬Ѿˣո˵Ҫˣ͵ǰȥ

ʮĵ1

ֻ֣˵㾪ûʲô󰭣ʰȥ
һţͿǶ䣬Ϣؾء
ЦҪôʵοڵԺıҡ
ȫض˵ȥɣ˺üˡ
үշ̿ҩҩϣ˫Ŀ΢գλΰĵҲǱǱƵã޿κε˰ˣ̲ס۾ᡣ
£ңֻ𣿡
Ҵͷ𣺡ƤˣۣҲۡ
̾һһͷſţüû˸Զ
СĴǣǶǴТˣвϿĵĵطϺú˵ҲˡϾ㲻۶ӣҲҪЩڶϻѪ𣿡
ңЦˣḧҵͷúӣ޿ТŶԡ
һ󰢸ȦŰһ귣ٺһ꣬ͬү׺İ綼˴ֻİ磬˰ʮʮĽݻػ
ǽҪ񣬿ȴסңˣǸл㡣
Σǽüݣûɫ
һһĸڣϣ˰طT꣬ٺһ꣬Ӵ˲ύ⳼ͣһ˵ɱ㣡ȥɣ
˰ͷ˳ȥֿ佱һүʮѰֵܣҲûȥˡ
ȻȫšֻʣҺʮġ

ʮĵ2

ֻʮĺңʮĹǶֻŴ˼
ð쿵ʣʮģĲ𣿡
ҰľôӣδӺʵۣûеõΣ˽Ļ⡣
ĵǣΪʲôҪһæ۹ģ̧ͷ
ʮĻػػʰ꣬СǻʰԽģ᲻á
ͷıأ
ԭûӣ
Ҳ֪˼ѵҸľǣģ֪̫ӻ˰үȴֳĬҼ䡣
ʮļ𣺡ʰ֪˸СͶԶãǶҲǶĸ磬κһֵܡûʰġ
û˵ɫȴöˣȥʱ˵ȥΪ㵣ġ
ʮҲʶǸʱұǸʮˣǸμˡÿһ仰ɡ
΢Ĺϵغãȫ
ҵ簲ĶҲȥúˡ
үһֱǰ棬Է̿ҩöʮֵλ
󰢸类ҵǰ˻ʹ
ʮȥ̲£ʮĹ˱
ҽлͶˡ
粽Ǭ幬

̤ѩѰ÷

ϵѾȫˣҩãε־ģ̺۶û¡
ֻⳡ粨ȴҵ֣õ졣ʹȥˣʱʹֻ˭Ҳǡ
֮ܶνеģʼնã˭Һ˭˭ǸأֻöʲôҲ
ѩһ죬ض˵԰÷ˡ
磬ԼȥͻȥһƧĽתȥ÷ӰЦһɨơ
ԻӰУҿһλ֦úãҲãҴѩһʯͷڽ£ȥǻ
ȴϽŵѩúܣһǰȥ
˵һʱҵ棬Цŵлš
˿ڲŷ֣ϴˣǾŰ尢磬ˤͷ˾Ű绹ڽ㡣
ֻӲָĿڡ˾ˡ尢΢ЦΪϾš
ǸʵˣֻЦŵͷϡ
վңҪʲô 
ָϻ֦̤ѩѰ÷һ֦
˳ָĿЦˣΪʲôҪ֦Ҳˤš
΢Ц۵ģһϲϣƴҲҪ
΢ЦŶңͷ࿪ֿǻ˵ŵʱˣ
ͣһ˵֪Ǽܵܣ˭ôиϲϵġ
ǺþûĻȡЦвֻ˵ֻӱεЦ
ڽָ˻ݸң΢Ц֣͸ɡ
棺ƴҲҪ𣿡
΢Ц˶ȻϲġҲЦˡ
ҳվڹűߣͷȥûߣֳ÷̧ͷ죬˼һ
һݣҹʱŻǷӹͼɫ˯Ƿ
ѾһϻõĻɡ
˵ֻʮ⼸
ҡ ʲôЦúܹ֣װͿ
ҵĻû ˡЦú
ŭôҵĶˣ͸˭ˣ
ЦŸ磬㲻ǻ𡣡
Ҵ󼱡˭˵һһ塭ͣסЦúô˵ˣ֪㻭硣
ô֪ҵ
ЦŸþûˣһڹ￴֦ǶǷɲ硣
ҿôҵһ
صĶ˵˵СѾͷǲǶ˼
ҿһǲ䡣ˣˡ
ҷȥںͷ׷ңǶҪҪˡ
Һһˣ˵ҲҪˣ㰮գӣҲҪˡ
尢翴ǸˣǺҲû˵ҲûرжΪ˻͵
ĵľ

޹صĻ

̫Ӹλ󰢸ʧƣү̨ӵ˴룬۳ûǹܴһװûһǣϾͬˣΣ
ڻϣҪʮ߰طĻѵջ
ϲ˽һţԾպɣʮ߰Ļڰ죬Ҳг˼
˭ܺȡʮĵܺȣÿβȾװʮ˵
ʮЦʮ磬ٱңʮܺȣֻ࣬ȴû
ʮЦǣҺʱװˣûҶЦ
ʮ߰λ磬ʰּ˭;ϯΣ
һֱ΢Цţ˵ͬ⣬ڶӹּ
һֱվſ־󣬿֣ô˵
Щʲô뵽һЦ ϵĻһ棬滭æˡ
üŶΣơ
Ϊ״ʼ뻭ˣû˼ò̫񣬾͸Ļŷˣ
Цڰ綼ûҴЦʮһ⻰Ǻˣڻϸǰҿԣͨ졣
ҽ˵ŷɻ˼죬Ҳ̫Ծúһ棬̣ˣ˸ӣ
ͣЦҡ˸ʲô⣿һ˶ҡ
˵īͿˣԺдȥ
Ц԰˵ˣЦɣһʱ֮ôЦЦ֮
ңʮ߳ףҲȥմ֡
ǡӦһ˳ʮߵʲôֵ÷зķ̫¼æû˲֮ԼҺ޲˼һֱźá
ʮҰӵݸȺûӲУ̴ľĹǣģýۻһֻ򵥵 
ЦǺõģ÷ʮүԼдȥ
ʮЦòУ˹ȥҾл

޹صĻ

ҳû˵Ӱƾұӽĵĳˡ
ضǶǶֻһǽߣһֻ
ҺȻͣ¿ʼЦԣҾһֻСЦЦǲ ǵסǽЦɵ
ֱұ˱סҪȴһαҺڻ룬㽩סˡ
ΣſңһعȻŰ硣
Խûһ
һʱ㯣֪ǵǲҵĴ˴ϵġ
§סңǵ೤ˣоζ޷ܾ
ſʱҶ˵ְɣļ
ҶߵʣãҲˣߣ뿪òá
סȴ޷ӦЦˣЦúˣ㶼ܷƾʲôȰҡ
¹£ǾԿ֪εʧܲǽֻǿʼ
תˡ
Ŀ뿪ñӰ 룬̽ң뿪ֻûдӦ
ҲҲйϵ뷨ɣֻǲʵ֡
һ֮Ҳʵˡ

1

ǵһΣϲ֮Աңϲ
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ʮЦöվˣֱǶ˶Ѽˡ
ӱϱɢ˴ˣҵļ˸
ϾԷҵЦڱϣÿһμѵˤϾһЦ
ʮ³ңʮʮ˲Űҷϰˤùͷɢˡ
һ˲֮䣬̸ֳЦϣ
Ц֣ԶԶΪʲô£еúòҰ!
ίϣûǫ飬Ĳᡣ
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û˽ǣֻһˡ
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Цһɽʯܷ֮磬㣬˵ү˵ȥҺߵЦ˸ô
ˣͶλĶŵİүĴøУκΰ˸Զ
үûʲôýҲ޸
ֻȰ˸ҪνľڣǾ壬Ůʲô
£һ֮ԲΥӣΪŮǲǸŮ˵ģǰ
ʵ˸Ǹ˲ŮˣΪԼɷǷ
ãñȥ
ƴףۺᣬ§磬ȥģеİ鶼ȥġ

2

ضⱨ˸ȥ
ҾԼԣ˸һȿ˿ڣ˵Ļɶġ
Ҵ㶣ңͬƸ񡣡
һȻԭȥˡ
һֻǸպþүΣˡ
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ǰǾͲҪ黳ˡ΢Ц˵
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ҲЦȻûп㡣
̸үϵʱĵ˵Ц
һһ㶵ģǸʲôʲô£˸Цʣ
үҲЦɩҲǾ˸绹ڻǶػҲɢˡ
˸ЦãһȥˣҲˣŵȥɡ
΢Цɩӷİɡ˸ˡ
ȥ·ϣЦʱô׺񡣡
ԭһˣЦŴ
ʮңû°ɣ
ŰЦ⣺Ī棬˵ϣ𣿡
ʮЦֻϻҲϡ档

ʮĲร

ƽҲ֪ˣƣЦһúûң߾ˡ
ʮˣңøƺᣬǽչ˳
ʮ˵ԤɡҸ˵ĺܣܰ¸öá
ѩ֮ϣϯضʮȡ磬ѩܴؽ촩ǵĹʮҺ衣
һֱ赸ʮҲվ֪ģҵ赸ҵֻ
֪һǲңվڲԶ΢Цֶʮ˵֪񣬻ľա
ʮ΢Цʰ궼֪Ӹ޴֪
Ӫʵ·ϣʮľڵңҵ߬ţŭԺҿڱǰ裬ҾɱǸˡ
Цɱɣҹ컹Ҫһ𣬲μɹŲգʱ˺ֹˣɱù
ˣȴҲ޻˵Ǻãرܸʮ翴
װͿΪʲô
ʮЦΪɵ㿴ʱȴ˵ȥ
εЦ裬ҪˣƿҲ
ʮڸһůЦݣ˵Ȼڵġȴġ
ʮĲร֪ʲôıӵҡ
һа޴йƫƫײôˣһֱҲûݼʧúܡ ̣
ͬǸ׺֪
̣
޿̡ҷˣͿ͡ҲϻƢƲסһ
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Ҳ͹׼ѸĲһ㣬ǽüദĺûƷ޿ɺǡ
ǿҲ²⸣Ӳù
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СϲӴͷη˵Ҳ֪ǸΪˣǲί˵ġ
ʮү֪𣿡̾Ϣһʣ
СϲҲһŤ˵үĵĺܣܼ¡



˯ˡ͵͵Լʮ档
΢ЦңʲôĵġһӵԹһҲ˵ˡ
ֻǴĿҡ˵
ط顱Ľ֣ӡҺûй
Ц̧ҵٽһȴвڣֻɵЦ
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һػˣֻʱţֻ֪Ҫʲôˡ
ࣺԸ̩񰲵£òӡ
ҲЦ񲻹϶񡣡
ЦѾͷ̽ˡ
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Ƽɫã֪ˣæ
ЦҲżˣŽͷæ˵Լûд롣Ц
һ£Ҽ޳ȥ
ɹŲۣҵĸƲλͬĸĸն̨ˡľٶǻ
֪˼Ǹ˼Ҹ˼ҴԼʵãǣɡ
ӪʣƸҵǸ΢ЦԺˣẦʮġ
ݵĿңǽô죿
γ̾и˵Եи˵

۵·

ʱҺƴɹŷΡεģֻɹ衣
赸ˣ׶ʹǺܶණ
ҹоزл۷綼תܸܵطĿ⣬ȴһҲһؿһ·ͷ
Ҹ˳ʮ׷ү
ĸ˵ˣʮ˵Ц.
үȵĺܡǽڡ
үˣǾȥɡǿЦתҪߡ
ʮĪҵ֣ôˡ
ѣ˵ȴİ˵үǸ鷳ˣʮ߰ɡΪǺá
˵תˣ֪İס
ҲŸһͷֻܿģģС㣬ǻԭأ
һһˣײһ˻ͷʮġ
Цôᣬô˵
ϺȻ˻飬ңơ
ͻʮİ磬ʼղϿʮģҲ֪Ƿ񿴹ҡ
ҵͬ˸
Ҿ͹٣ʮλรԽ޴ңҲҲһλģ̫֣ʮûӡ
ʮĽ飬ȥμӣٶ㿪Ҫ¸ҵӭˣҪ׼ʲô 
ʮĺȵţлʰꡣˣ

Ѳ

һѲѲĶٴε˽ϡ
̫һ֮ӼʱΪ˸̫ӣڰǰӡ
ݻ֮£үǰı飬֪ɻӺ̰ҡ
˾Ҳ߻ϣ̫ģ֧֣ȴлϵʹţʹ̫ӽᵳ
ǰͷϷ࣬Ұϯ
ѩ۱µĴ԰ҲԺӵĳһӼ˵ĹڿʼˣֻȴѾעǸ磬أ ǲʲô
ҳ֪̾ˡʮȺת
ЦϷԶԶ⾳
ʮģʮЦʣ⾳̾ʲô
뵽һĹ¡һ׸ġ
ôʮҲʣ
뵽¥ĸ衰һԷ⣬һϾ˵ûԵƫ˵ԵΪ黯ҳգȻγҵдա
һʱʧ񣬵һع£æˣ΢Ц˵ǿĹ£žҪᡣ
Ƕ˶תҵĽͶĺܣԽԽڡ
̧ͷԶŰɫȻĿҡ
վһˣе졣ԭǸöǰҪʶҵ½ˡ
ļŷ֣½ˣǸºƸеˣǸˡ

½

ʮ˵֧ǩɣҡͷ
ǩͲݸʮʮһֻ
ĺܡ;ǩ
ʲôǩʮʣʮҲң
ҽǩӽǩͲ΢Цǩޡ
ʮҪǩͲҷŻϣʲôǩڼֻ֣ԼܾԼ
Ƕ뿪
½⣬ͬС
ܾ½ˣ·еʼתС
һγһҲżȻ֪ǲǱȻ
˵ʶл
΢Цǰûˡ
˾ǣסںݣҲסףҿʮ˭
ʦãС÷ޱûаˣ
ʮ˵ʲôģҿʮޱġ
ʮЦɲأޱоŸ硣
Ű磬ʮɫ糣΢΢Цš
ַֻϸ̫֮⣬Ӧûڡ

Ļ

˾ұ˼ױذ޳ȥҵ㣬ͬһʹ˵ģʲôܵĵط̵̫̫źá
Ƶϸĸϻ̳ϿֵĹл˴ףҲ֪ԵĲͷĻӣûҲ
ҷģǲ㣬ʮҲ㣬һһͼޣҲӡ
ʮףأ˺񣬺˼ơҽڻعʮϯ
ʮ˵ҴӶųȥ⣬ں󣬾кܶ˶ţϷ˻١
ͬһԺŮӶҸǮзгˣҲϧ
ǵ˵ϲʲôеˣΪȱ̫ࡣ
һӣųָܳоʮԶԶţعأ
ʮڣǵѲʱ鵽ǩ𣿡ҵȻǵã
ʮ΢Цǩ˵ǩûСޡ֧ǩһֻǩ;
֪ˣҵǰ;𣿡ʮֿԶ
ǵ뷨ǰ׷ѣҲҪһ¡ʮ˵ᶨƣȻ
΢Ц콫˹ˣȿ־ǡ
ʮңҼ˵ҵ㹦͵һ졣
ʮЦˣ˵ģҵͷ
仹ͣһѾͷдֻзңô
Խ˼ˣηѾʶܹĥĥȥ
ﵽòѵѣ˵ĵˣԸ¶Ĺʽȡĺ󳾡

Ŀʼ

ʮȴԽԽܿϲ濵סڳ԰ʥ¡أټͷȽĶӣȻҪ졣
һֱչˣȥ԰ȥ
ǶŮѾˣԼˣĸͼรʮ׼ϣǸʮĲร
ʮĵĵոϴˣС
ͷ˵˼黰Ц⹬ģãһĻ˵
Ц񣺡ﻹǸЩʹͰɡЦҪʲôʹͣ
һ䣬¾е㷢ƮʹͲʲôֻҪͺˡһرǵЦˡ
˵һỰ֮ǰסڻǶ˵Ҫȥ
æˣҪˣǰһҲЩӡ
ȻԵ˵ҳʱң֪壬ǧܽƸȥ˲
ЦŵͷܵѾͷ͸֪صˡҹȥߡ
ֱ˺бݰһСޣѾһˣҸǬ¡ϣҲʱ
΢ЦһøĺӣٹãƸˣҲһôɰ
˵ ˣ㱧 æֽ֡ű
Ŧ³Цˡ
̫Ӵ٣Ů춼˵ң˵ˣɢ
֪ϲһȺŮһٵ죬һˬˣ˲Сί
԰еľʮˣҷ԰һ·;̸Ц㣬ţûô󡣡 Цʲô 㲻˭󡣡
ߵ÷ˣˮˣʮүҪǲãͬ˵ȥǶ״Цʣ
ƵĴͷֲһ˵ģ˭ʲô벻á
̧ͷңǰݣ㣬⻰Ҳֻܸһ˵ӣȦʹֻԼ֪
ҹȥ§סļ磬ǧҪ룬ú̥ӣԼģ͵ɶӣɺãۺ顣
ʲôأʮɤһһ
СɣҲҵĸɶӣʹˡʮ´ƣУʮĿɣѾͷռˡ
䣬ԶѻѻһȺˣ̫Ӻү༸ڣ磬ʮ尢磬ʮ߰綼ڣ
ʮЦʣôˣʮ缱ʮƴЦ˸ãɡ
ŰЦԣүЦ˵㲻˵ô
ʮүָңҪʮĵĶӵɶӡǰýǾ˾ˣⲻռʮı𣿡 ҽӿڡʱͬգ˵ƸҵãҲû
ʮЦʮ磬ͱ׷ˣʲôʱװӡ
˹Цʮʣô˵ʮˡ
ʮЦҵﲻȺˣҾˡ
ңҪôҾƻزԭˡ
үЦʮģҿԺ󲻹⺢ӣҲòҪ
Ц˵˵亦
ҶЦСİ粻̫Ц졣
ͬ˸ϵˣǶ֪ˡ

Ŀʼ2

ʮЦſңɴˣ֪ʲô˸Ȣ㡣
Ҹ̾ˣŮһˣһϢϢء
ʮЦʲôۣ
΢ЦۣҪүͷŽţҪɾϧſƽ룬Ҫӳűϵλ̡ⲻ𣿡
Űתͷȥ𴦡
ʮ翴ң޻ǲޡ
΢ЦɵңȻһӲãʡȴ鷳
ʮȺĿҡЦο
ͷȴƳʮĿֿʮЦĹԡȻ
ҾȻʼˣʮĶ˵ڵġ⵶һ㣬ҵĶĤҺˣλүһѪ
Ҵоѣæ˵ƣʣˡ
һһѱס䣬ޣ䲻֪룬ֻҵĺ󱳣׺ңôˣ
ȴץֲţҺ¡ҡ˰ҹ˯ˡ
ʱȻ左ڸгûˡ
Ҿû伱ʲôƵģæ˻ǲ˴̫ҽ
̫ҽͷ󺹣Իܣˡ
˳԰Ŀ̫ҽԺ̫ҽְȻһؿڳΪ
һȺúһˣôͺȻˡڴͦжģʥҲҡ
ҳ־ϣҵĴǰҼѵ˵Ҫ̫ҽε˲β̫ҽĴ
񰡡̾һһԿ޸סѾȦΨһˡ֪ҲΪ

ʱĻؼ

ֻԽϢѣֻþ˯˯˯ʱָֻ״̬һƬãã֮а棬֪δ;
·Կҵļңÿ˯ѹʱʼҴţĸοһֱΣҲġ
֣ӯҴԼҪȥˡ
񣬿첻Ҫ˵ˣġᣬضޡ
ʮվűߣҿЦˣ߹Ҵǰ˳ȥ
ʮһȥˡʮҵַϡҴؿƶߣòã
ҲؿƶˣҪȥĵط
ʮҡͷĶȥĶȥ
Цк᣺ԸȢң˵Ҳûлˣʮͷ
ҲȢ𣿡
ȢһȢҪˣҲȥˣĿԽʮļͷʮűߣ˫ֱۣĿǡʹ˹ȥ
ȻҽԺİɫǽڷŴ۵İ׹⣬㵯һѱסԱߵ裬ңɺˣ
صͷ
˵˯졣ҽҲҲԭ
صңְ谲οһ
΢Ц˵ϴϴԷɡ
е㱻ش𣺡Ū࣬˹ɡ
ͷ¡෹ԼȥЦԭϰߡ
Էʱְ˵Ц۾ᣬãǼңǼˣܰ˾ʹΡ
˯ţӦ˵ҽ겻ȥҰʮʵһزȥǸʧʹİ
ż첻˯ֵңһҪȥҽ
˵ãңҾק֣ˡ
һͷײſϣ־˲Ϳˣֻǵؽѡ

ڷ

·Ӹ߿յ䣬Ȼѣ񻨵Ĵеʡֻˡ
䡱ҽû죬֪˶ã߳ȥ
˶Ժűߵңȫסˡ
ݷ˵һ£ڼ䣬û˺üΣＸζҵɥ£ֻա
ҵĸҲңֿЦҲᣬȴҡ
ʷ䡰ү𣿡 ΢΢ҡͷ
ͷʲô£ʣ֪οڣ
˵ɣҲС£˵Ĵ¡俴ҷ˿ڣֱ̫ˣʮɲıȦˡ ˵䣬ҪŰ硣
ôݳȻЦҳʲôӣҪ𣿡ͷ
ǲʮģ̧ͷңȻʮ顣
תͷȥ
վ󣬷·дʱ̬Ҷ˵ġ
ҺȻʹȻһֱǸڲͬˣҲʮ
Ҫʱһס֣㣬֪㡣
ûлͷʮĵΨһϣҿɲǡ
˦ҵ֡
ӽİ·

¾

˸ŮʱһҪңҲԴȥǸӡ
ƼҾͿޣ㲡Ҳȥҡ
Цʲôû£¿ǸĹţѺӱæˣźӲԸ֣
ΪЦ㣬ôϲͱߺˡ
ҲЦãһأССô衣˵ֻʮүҲҪͬƴ
ЦʱǳЩġ ԿҲֵõġ˵Ƶͷ
˵ǰͷҪԸҪȥҲ÷֣˵ұȥɡˣҴŻףһһߣ
ôߣҲˡʮӭģģ˸ǰҲſԴӺˣҾȻָԭȵĽӣǸˣԼˡ
ЦˣЬĸ߿졣ʮ˺ӣ
ҳһͷϵĺҲˣ⼸·ʹˡ
ʮָŵûۣһҡ󲡸ôҲ֪Ϣ
ЦһЦóҲûǻ죬ҲҾȻ
治֪ԼαˣֻǴˣ
˶ˮǵţʮ壺ʮԱˣˣ֪ĻΪһˡҲȥ
һΧӣʮүɻĿңô˵һӶˡ
΢ЦǶϲʮүһʶġ
ŰЦʮ磬ʮ磬˵ɣҪǸˣųأ
үʮĶЦүҲڣЦģ
ǣ˭ܸҰ죬һðҡ
ʮʣʲô£
͢ϵ£˵£ҲֻʮǣôûֻЩ鱦ʲôģ˭ȥæǮȥɡ
ȴ΢ЦΪѾˣķӡ
ʮҲЦЩӰ綼Ϊѣ֮£㻹˭ȥֻǣôõȥΣһӦ
ǾͶлˡ΢Ц
һع֪񲻺ãɫְˣҲһȺӶڣҪ̨ףææҡ
ʮһЦңѾͷǸ·ˡ
аɫ۾ͷ˵ȥ
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ӶѣνĴ𡰲˾ˣ
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תͷ棺λ羰ɣߡ
Ƿ׷ȸˣʮķԸˣ˵ҡ

 77 

һС⿪ˣһƱаǧģҲ˻ǿЦֻ˵ûˡ
˵ʲô𣿡ʣ˵ү˵ţԺ󻹻
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ҷҲ˭ˣ֪ңˡ
˫ۺᣬֹȥū֪Ųū澣ūҲǲѣοū澶췢ģū澾ûԲס¡
Щһֱ£֪Ǵӣ޼ݰ
ϣ֪ĿദޣԺǾͰúù
һԼģ˶ˣ˵ˣȥ͸Ķ
ҵһεʮĸۡͼճź͸ˣĺܡСϲӿſʱڵϾͿޣǰޣҪ
ʮҲǺۿҵ֣λ϶ϲรʮ²һ£ͽ˽ˡң˺ӡ
ʮͷ᣺һЩүǰ棬һֱ˳
룬ûĵˣҲˡү£ҲңҾǲɢ
ǣһЩȵˡ
һŮжѣףԱߵСϲ˵Сϲӣúź򸣽вصĵطù֪𣿡
Сϲӹر߿ͷ߿ޣūżסˣʮүʲôʱܻʮҲΣ
ʮүĽ˾ͺˣúûңүСϲӿŴӦҰƱ£Ҹʲô£ͽСϲӣȥׯҷĸס

ڰ

ҴˣүչǣʮҲǣ֪ҿǸϿ
ȻһʮСкܽ˽׼ѸĻ㶵Ŀʮһ
Ц§ûأ밲ֻͷҽͣүûǽ
Ҳûϵõģϴ󣬽кǼСںԺǼɡ
˵ŷԸСϲȥС
æ˵ʱûĸͻȥˡ
ǿסûӳ˳ǿ򶨾񣬸ǻָ
˺һ㣬ôˣԭôˡ
ЦǷޣֻһŮˣһֱ֪ȴʵ
ŮͬǣյҲǡ
ҲǸλ꣬һʬλꡣ
Ȼ˵ңұš
һϾͻұҲȫȻˣ鰮룬ŵıʣ˻ʣ˻Ϊġ
뵽ŮˣͬҾͺǰһС
Ȼ֮Ϊ,ɺܾˣãΪ֮շתԽ޷Խ֪ΪΪá
ʮȥңʮ£ҿǷǣһлãֻǽ˼ԼҲӵġ
һȥ󸹱㣬ؾۣ޸пͷ
үһȥǴŷ͵ܳģʱƱ
˳̱ڳֻѡ

Ҫ

ү鷿ңɫôȥܣȴ䡣
֪ûǿЦˣЦͱӲЦ
Цʮ
Ĭվߣη˵ٵȵȣڣǶܼ
ɫƽͣЩ᣺ʮһչˣ㲻̫ġ
ҵͷڣҶ졣
ӹͣ˳һعظϲ⡣
Ҵź磬үĲ԰ץУһһĻ
һңЦסǴ峯ĸǵһ
ҲЦûţүֵǲأǴ峯ôлռүҲǵһ
Цſİ磬ְһߵĻүү֮ǰҽСһ㣬ʮֺá
ͷΪʲôҽ̵˵һͷǸϿĵģڶͷǸүүĵġܸˣ˵˺ܶ໰ϲ
үңЩ̵ģ
ҲϣԼ˵ȴЦ˵ֻǸĺӣٴ˵⻰ֻ΢Ц
˹񲻺ã۹ȣۻˡ
ǰǴסˣֻתתס԰Ҵ󲡳ذݣ⵹ãһʱ˺ͷСĻӣϾʱ档
Ҳ̫ңֻ˵󹦿ΣҲͦá
зִ磬Ϸһǲҵġοǵѧǻй档

ûʮ

ԣ˻һ𣬵Χûʱ磬аүĶӺˡ
˸ҺãҪһӣǳкͺһ棬Ժͯ꣬һǵ
÷źĲˮתͷʺʱҲϳΧ𣿡
ǣ㣬ҪʲôĺܣЦҪģעⰲȫ͸Ū׺Χʲôġ
ͺЦ㣬ҪƤ
ʱҲСЩǣӦšʱˣǼСĳضŵƣȥǻȥҿɵϸ㣬ЩӸܲǣҲҹܣһ͵ܳȥ棬ʲôҵ
˺ĸǺ˱裬źҿ·ҵ֣˰үǶ˸ӭңһʣŰ
Ҹǳ˸˵ŵܣͣ۾ã͸˸̫Ҳġ
Ű·һԸĿҡ
ҲһˣԹǾͽһܿҵˣͲܿˡ
˸ЦǳšһҾס䣬 㿴𣿡
ЦüεĺһţޱﻹǶ𣿡˵.
˵ͱͱʲôģҵͻͻ£
ҲߣҸ㰲šͷ
ôΣʼնǿ͡ԣȴװΪƵĹúܡ
˵ȫΧ˳Ҷװ˼׽ƵĹװ겡պùʱΪͼϲģһֱ̫޲
һ˵ʲôҲҪҴ˵Χѩ̫أΧ߶̫ΣˣĿЦѾͷҵźŵơ
ôûô۵·˼硣ĸûңЦ´һŶԣûմôص
ЦǷѾͷҴ˵ѩصı˿ǲϰأ
ĸЦ⻰ǣΧϼȥģĿǺõģѾͷ˼ġһԵл
˸ԶԶƲȺ󸾣ҴкôǲҰ֣ǲϣǲᡣ
ԶԶĿǣǰʮҲڶУ緢ʮ磬ҵʮ硣

ʮ

صĺŽ˻֮ڶԽˡ
ȥǰ棬˶ˣѾĿ
ߵǰʮվڿߣһһվڿߣһҾЦҪ׺Χ𣿡
Цϣ˭״ ΢Цңô Ҫˣ
΢Ц֪λشǲ˼ҿԵİ׺
һЦ׺ûУʱֻСǣҪ˵ӦˣҲ֤˵ǴӦġ
Цϣ˵䲻ĻΪƤëҪˡЦϡ
ʱˣ̧һľӣһֻѩ׵Сǣԭʱ׽
Цȥ߽ɡҹȥսСˮĴ۾ң侪ɪǻվš
ɱΧû֮ǰҲãھԲС
ϣҪΧˣɲԲҪɱǹһЦʮģӮˡһ㶣
ңʮĸ޴ģ˵ûʱӲģȿ˿϶ˡ
ʮЦǻʰŶ˼򵥣һ뵽
лʮүʦͽ棬ûֱ˵񱽡һ̸ЦҶɢˣǺѼɱ
ԹҴŷȥǣԹʲôÿô쿴ǸȥʲôҲ˵ȥ
Ƕû˿ţȻվţң徲ԸȥҾŰ磬Ҫ˵
ˣ裬İɣҲ뿪öˡ
Ӻ㣬ͬ˵ʲô
ôˣʣĸԼǡ
ЦСӣ˦͵ܳİɡٺٵЦ
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죺㻹һˡ
ҵͷʲôôûѧ㰢꣬ʱҡ
ͷЦ㣬ҵͷҾ͸߶
׷Ȼվס־ɫָǰҲǰ
һͬСɣԶһӨӨ۾ҵˣ˵Ѿýˣ
ǣͷæ󣬡ߣлĵطȥ籧סҵҲ
ڹȥˣȻˡˣ۾ƮѾܿҲһͷǣҵͷվˣⲻͨǣǾ͵ǡ
˼ҺΧҴŻһٷֻж¿ˣҪˣȴһ
棬Ѿ۵ˣ˱ҹ˼Ȧʮġ

ط飬Ը

ܶˣҵһ𣬺޽٣ʵı
ȴƿ߳ңߡ
ʱ֪ΪʲôЦԭǵʱǴġ
Ҵӻקһ֧Żľȥʮģֻ׶İǣѾʮıƵ·ˣ磬ûš
ҳŴʮĺÿ
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һļµڵأʮѸٹҡǵ
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ǸǣŲ·Ǳ׷ãѾܳӪء
˽ˤڵأʮĵǰ嵶Ѿˡ
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ɫãҲҶ໰ֻϲв裬ȥ
͵͵˵֪ɣһش𣬾Լ˵ǲ֪ģʲô
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վԺ⣬Ժ¾ɡҵʮס
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Ͱһйô̿ͣһֻΪɹŸĳޡΪҲս׼
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ҿ֪ҡͷֵͷ֪ʰȥҾʹԼµ
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Ȼüǽ˹һЦˣ αҾŸҪҲһȡЦҡ
ŭ ߣҲˡ

󽫾

ϷʮģԶ̡ͬ
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һֻƴСˮƿӣݸңǰɫҩࣺÿΣҪˮܿͺˡ΢Цл
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ļˣеľĸ׸ܣ˵һߣʧȥˣǹһΪһʵۣһûʧȥʡ
ǰһǻ鰮ҵϡ
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ḧսݵգ㲲һҹ֮ʧȥһУ㲻Ϲԣʮ֮߰˵ƻá
ʷֻԶǸգ״λ˭ˣʷĲңȴҸ˵Ĵҡ
Ҳã󽫾λܿ谮ȥ飬ϣҲ㾡ТԸˡ
ʮʣЦʲô 
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ʮЦˣֻ⡣

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㲵ͳȴǷŭѼģϣѾǻˣҺˣΪʲôҡ
ӺǶ˵̬𣿡 ʮҧгݣãô죿
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ҵںʱǰߡһʱ֪룬ūҲǷ£ﲻҪΪ£
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ʮ°ڹڵأȾȾɣ ֻǸӣǸӰ
ʮ͵͵˵ҪǸӾͺˡַס½ǵ֣תˡ
ʱҴǰţۿ޵úġЩԺ飬ôôˡޣţ̫ˡҲ˹
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˵ʮչһˣû뵽ңıѾɱϢ˾֪
ҪźϴҾܾˣعǰЩкܶˣˣԺ󻹻кܶ࣬ǡ
ȻĹֻǲ֪ûˡһжᷢҵߣ޿ɶ㣬޿ɱܡ

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Ұ԰һ˵Ȱɣǧߡ
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Цˣÿɰĺӣֹͤһͤӽʲô֣һ㯡Ҷ̲ס΢Цˡ
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һɥղһֱ˵ˡ
Ǹ߸ľң㣬Ұɡԥ֪˭Ҫҡ
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һӣ̸ͬң㣬ĸģ΢ЦȰǣﲻ¡
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ҴվסŲǣʮү
ǰ̫ʮүȥġǴ޳ɸ
ֻܿЦԼȥҰɣһ¡ҪߣѾͷȴסң󣺡㣬˵ʲôˣǧٴҼطٲȥ̫ˡ
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΢Ц˵ףϡҲڶҡ
˵֪ҪСʱ򣬾Ӧǰಲ񫡣
һûЦ
ץסҵ΢΢Ц˿뱲ˡ뱲һӲŶԣûжʱˡ
Ҫᣬ֣תܿĵİ

ͱ

ʮԼѾʲôˣϴȥϳҾ泵ϵ˳ʹȥŰ칫ǰͷæҾںšҲã˵
Ͼͬ˵졣Ҳ²ЩԱҲǸŭԡ
ӺʮͻѻͶɹš ʮȥ
ʮ翴ҾЦȥʮЩ͵ģóҵ顣Ҳ˵ֻǰѰ򿪣ʲôһ
Ұ˵ôϲʮ ΢ЦͷʲôˣһС
סȻЦһȷʵʲôҲˣ˶˵ʮʮĵŮˣҪӺʮ类ĭˡ
ЦҵĴҰøѿ ĬĬһ
ʮȻңŸֵҩأɻʲô
ЦˣҿָŪʲôƿװ
ԥ˳ʮͺˡ ҴʧɫȥᣬѾһβʣҪ
ȴֹңʼЦȥ
ЦңҾ֪Ÿôĸ㶾ҩ סеƿӣǶҩ˵ƿӣװһĶ
ʮһʣŸ׼ҵͷ
΢Цˣɬޱȣֻ£ԼǸǡ ãȻ֪վš
ʮѹ˵⻰˶ꣿ˵ҲôˣŸ뱲ӣͳһ˵รҲûйǣоŸ檣ȥЩĸ޻ġ
ͣסֿЦ˵һŪ˸Ѿͷȥ˵ˣЦѾͷһڣҲ֪Ϊ˵㡣
ЩŭݵĿңתתȥʮģָʮǰͣһҲģ㿴𣿡ҳᣬԶԡ
ĬΣˣֶ˵ģղЩԼ뷨һġȻЦˣŸһϱǷġ
̣ҵ˵ȥ·ҸطƲߣܻЩ࣬ǲµġ𻰿΢Цһ£תҪˡ
عͷ⣬΢΢Ц˵һǰо˾ˡ͵һĻȴᡣ
ᣬ΢ЦúûţΪġ
Ұ죬صĵͷ
ʰͣȥ˰˰縮ϡ ͥ䣬ҴӽŽȥ˸ڵҡ
΢ЦһӭͰɡϸң·ҰãЦˣʲô¶
ȻǸ߹İ˸ֻǣ˳
ǰס֣˲վšңʮ𣿡ҵͷ΢Ц˵ʼղиҺδԡ
ҴͷСʱҾϣҵɷֻһڣɷûУýһ檡
Цˣȴ£񣬶лʱ򣬻οҡ
΢Цǿοһɡ˵ġ
һң˵Ͼűɳȥˣʱ˰һ͹
֪Ǹһʱͷżѵʣ𣿡
ҡͷȴ˵ûǲáôã
ʮľվҲԶΪ? ˸˵İɣҼߡ
ĿңұŻᣬ֪վš
ЦһԭΪֻʮ磬ԭоŸ硣˭ȶҺá
˵ʵ飬ǸŮˡʵֺαƭ
ô㡣ʡϻɭȴ͸ű
˵áҰȻ΢Цʲôʱ򣿡 ҲЦǿˮһ졣
תҪߣȴ͵תرסҡ·ˣҲΪʲôҪӦҡ
ʺͿҪȥҪͶͷϰɡҲ
ϷſҡĳӵҵᣬҶ˵ɱҵġ
зߺޣҲģһҾ壺ΪңǲֵõġȴͷƫϿҡ
˵Ҫˡû˵ȥֻ˵±ӣԸһ㲻ʣȫ𣿡
ҵͷŵͷҲ֪Ҫʲôʲôֻ֪
ȥѻ򿪿ѾˡܶȥˡҴţĬĬĶŻеˣǻˡ
һ죬רע飬ż΢ü½ͶӰڻϵӰ̧ͷʱˡסʱ
ˣЩû
ûǹȴװûûװѾˡ
ôù
ʮʲôʱҶûע⡣ҵļϣһͷʱʶѾˡ
΢΢ͷңҲˡ

 105 

ҸʮӺϵּ⣬Ҫһ
زҲ֪Ϊʮżҿ¡ʮҲˣΪӽӵͣûһ̷ſҵ֡
ҷ̹ȻɱɣǷôծǸûʱˡȻֻ᲻ʮ᲻
ĵǹ˺ܾãӺ˵ֻǵͷۡ
׼ȿڣʡʮҵһ¡ſ˿ڣϣǳĴ
Ӻ̧ͷʣʲô
ʮͷ𣺡꣬Уʮ羭ȥ⳼һֱš
Ӻȴͼţ˵޲
ʮһʱ޻˵ӺɨһۣҲðʲô¶ȥ޻Ϳ
Ӻ̾ʮ˵ΪЩ˵£һҪ»ȥ죡
ʮӺſ˿ڣ޳Ǵ󱦣·ӣׯŻӰǣȥľΧѧϰ
ʮɫŻͣߵлʥȶʹ
Ӻ˳ȥҲҪߡӺȴ俪ڣ¡
ʮɫЩãֻ£ϡ Ӻ˵ȥ
ʮ޿κλǳȥˣٳʱŲĿҡҶο΢Ц
ʮȥӺĴңʣʮĸ˵ʲô֪ҿЦ¶֪ʲôϣ
ҾʵѴ𣺡˵ū澻ծ¡ңȻҼ˵ū澴
Ӻǣ֪ЦЦ㾡ǰɡ
̸ݶֻ֪ε˵ǵġ
ʹ㻹ʣ䵭Ľ˵㲻ԸģҲԸģ
޻˵ҴûԸͷļ͡ʣΪʮ֪
ҺȻţ֪ʲôµ֣š
ʲô֪һʼ֪ϾţΪ˱𣿡ҵ΢΢ķ
һɻ飬ȥ㣬ʲôˡʱҲڣ޺ȴ޵˵ֻҪѡģԷ֡˵һ֣Ҫ֣οôĿࣿ
ȫ֪ģԭȫ֪ŰǣŰÿһεļʱԶԶ΢ЦҲ֪ȴװ֪ҵڵ̺ϣɵ
üΣҪȥȻ˵Ҫ㣬ÿһζΪޣû˵֮ǰ˵ˣҪͬԻʰ겻ȻΪʲôŭȻʣŰûж˵ȫֻ޹ؽҪĸҡ
Ӻ˵ʮʮĻ뷨㣬͹Ŷ˵ܵˣҲܵˣҪߣҲҪߡ˵Ҳܰˣԭ
΢΢̾Ϣ޴С󣬳˹ްţֻΪ޹ҲֻһΡٵ꣬ˡ
Ӻ˵߰ɣծծǷ̫ˣʮҲ
˳վԺҳ΢΢ĶЦ
Ǹ꣬ѾһˣȻӢֻ˰׷
۽ƣЦʱбķˡ
Ȼ·ϣʹˡʱ˵һ׷ʱ˵һƣȫȻ֪
ʵǴĲõ껪ǴǱ˴˹ͬ
ע޹أ׼ѸЩรйأΨ޹ء
Ҳõȴģõȴ֪ȴ쳤ؾá
ҵĽĴӦƴһȥһǵδ
Ȼ˵ڵߣȴûоҲǶҵĳͷ
ϣЩĵʣûгʮ°ɣ
ϸϸĿǽëҶúϸҿ÷Լɻңôˣʲô
֣΢Ц˵˰
Цˣ §סңҰͷļϣ˵ʮӰɣһĺӡһĺӣҲǵϵ
ĿЦĸãҪĲС
ұۣˮ΢Цãһ㣬һҡ
ỹǴ۽ǻ䣬ľѴ΢һ£ȴʲôҲ˵ֻǽرסҡ
ʮΪʲôʣ ΪʲôΪʲôޣ
ΪʲôûаŰ磿 Ϊʲôʲôʣԭң
˵ʮҿΪҾҸһ漴΢Цˣͷ
ҽ˵ϲŰ磬ϲôáʮ˵˵
ȴ˵ǣʮҰ㣬ܰ㡣һϲˣȴֻܰһˣֻһ
Ҫ˵ҲҪĴǣСĵ˵
Ҫҵ˵ֻ֪һ֪



ǳȥľΧ飬ׯ»ڴͬеİֻк磬ʮ˵ʱڽ㡣
ҵʮϵĺӣʮĺӣֻкˡ
һ·ʮæĺܣЩСĺӣŶ˷ܵġ
ֱˣʮʵڹܲͰ͵
ЩӶ÷棬ֻҪʵ˻á㿴ɡʮ˵
΢ЦԺ˵ȥɣҲ㡣缸ʮƵĿҡ
ҽ˵ֻҪʲôһҺʮҲûˡЩһĺӣҲˡҪЩʲôһǵĸĸʰ϶ʮ壬ǾͰƳȥ㿴ɡ
ֿʮʮϵĳͷ
ֶ˵Ҳһͷģһְǰ£׷գͶԲǵļˡ
ҶԺ˵ȥɣҲСˣִԼհɡԹԵͷˡԺ󣬹Ȼзִ硣
΢Цʮ˵磬ֻ̰棬ʵִף˵ԼзִģҪġ
ʮ΢ЦңÿЩˣ뿴ô
е㺦ߣͷȥæɡϻˡ
ҵ֣ͷ˵ңæ˾ͻ
΢Ц㵽ʮ˻ʮˡЦӵһ£תӡ
ˣʮҶ΢Ц㰢ո˵һͻȻɡ
ͷ΢Щִ٣Ҹ˲裬ӡ
̧ͷֵͷ˼Σʲô˵ɡ
˾ƵĿڣҶ˵Ұġ
Ǹ϶˵ģҿѾܴˣʮˣԼ뷨ġ
أסңֵͷһ˵겻ϲԶ㡣ʵʵҲ㲻á
׵ĺӣĸ׵ڹŴߣĺôǣ᷸˼Ҷӵ黹Ҫһ¡
̾ʱҲԼáֻ⻰˵ˣȥ㰢˵Ҳλ˵֪𣿡΢΢ͷ
ʮǺ˵ЩźȥʲôʮСչ˰ĻʮǺϲһӡҲΪλรĹϵ
Ȼ𣬿ʮϵΣǾǸӡ
˲ԥҪһհ¾޵ĺ
ʮסһԷңһ΢ЦѾˡҲգЦңʲô
ҡͷ΢ЦˣҲûʲô
Ҳʣ鰸ϣ§סĲӣǶæʲô
΢Ц𣺡һӣҪɽȥأ»һȥǻĴ¡
ɻ󣺡ʲô¶ܣб¶
Ҿ˵¡΢ЦҪȴƿ
ֵﻹ˷ܵĺүϡ
ǣĴ죬æƿʮʮŭѹæܳȥ
ʮĻţȥѹûйأôͨͽ
ΨΨүǻϵļگˡ
뵽ղϣﷺϣ͸ɫǺЦˡ
ʮû߰ɡ˵үˣҲҴүˣүȥæɡ
̲סҪЦæſǿš
ʮҧгݣ³֣
ʮǸ⣬ſϣ˫綶ҡұοңǸˣȥ
Ҳ̲סЦ
ʮ΢ЦңƭңΪˡҿЦ
ҷ·дʯ˵Цˡ



ʮȥӣžЦֽҡҲϣôܿ
ȴܣֱӹݸңҲͲؿֻдţ
˶ȹʥ򰲡
г¶ʮվ밲Ի޹ȰãȷΪǣߣȷ׳ʱϲҲմˡ
ȵŴͣȷ֪Ӧš˴θΧˣʥѧϰԣҳ֮ɼཫ׳ȷʵ֣ԢĿáκáȴΪ»̾š
˶顢˶ׯ»ڴ󳼹
޹ȰôԷֺ󲻿ԢĿ֮£˿ǣ֣ءΩʱ֧ίʵΪ֮ѡƥǿ֧֮ʹδ֣ӹʹ͡
̲סЦǼگֵܶˣӶԿЦԼ˵Ц֡
ʮЦţҸɫơ
ɻ֪Ҫʲô ȥͿʼдӣҴչȥ¼Ӻдʥ㷢ֺβԢգ޹ǡ٣˴ɻʶίʵֶԢգֱأÿоɽʳȴȺѡƥǿƥ͸Ϊ˽š
ǹۣʮ»ͬϵӣʮд꣬ǻҪдһῴġ
ЦرСˡ
΢ЦСϿЦ˸˰ˡ
û£Ҫֵ
ڻźˣɽȥҺʮᳵֻǴ˼ʮͳˡ
ȥҲ˵
˼գ˵Ϳˡʲô£
ָԶԶļӣ˵Ƕȥɡ
ҺȻӯڽޣҵϣҵĸ
˼һңʹŮţǼء
ϸʮƣֿʮ΢Ц˵Ůͽˡ
ʮ֣ؾٱģһһӡ˶˺ܶࡣ
һ΢ЦšãⳡÿϵϲãҸ
ʱԣҸĴˣ˸衣ɹŸ衣ʮ΢Ц˵ƽϳ޸衣
ҽ͸⡰ĹԸӵ޾ƸԸӵƽԸӵĸ٣Ըһö㣬λǰƽĹ
ҿ΢΢ۣҲҪǰƽֻҪˡֻҪ
Ŀſ˵ܴؼ磬֪ͨү
Ա˵ʮҵļ硣
ӵסңǾվڲԭ֮ϡЩٵҹ磬ҵͷȻȴޱů
ڶ죬ǾҪȥҵĸ͡˺ԶԶԶӰʧˡɬȥûźˡ
ǻӪһаã˼ؾڡ
ʮӻˣҾ˿ӣ밲ڵӣʲô¡ֵܾͽ죬ϧ̫ˣʮиأִ绰С
֣һǻ˺飬
ʮд ޹ʧ֮ȷΪϲãƽ֮һΡڽϿɣڶʮյ־ʱʥ֮ٽ֮꾡ࡣԾȫΪ˽ࡣ
˶顢˶ׯ»ڴ󳼹
ȵ֮޶֮ܲСϲȡ
֪ˣǵ٣֪ĺ
ʮοңûϲ򡯵𣿲ҪǶġֻ΢Цͷ
˾ȻûʲôֻʮлӺҲȥ

 108 

ϴ磬ʮȥػ͵ˮȥЪϢ˵ǷֻˣȥЪţʱȥ㡣
΢ЦĿˡڿϢʲôʱá ǵĺӣ΢Цţڵȼɣ
̫Ҹ֣΢Цңᡣ
²ҪʮɲԷŹ󰢸硣
ҴͷϲϵġЦʮֲǻϣӺͬٺãҲسӱ֣Ӳء
ҲЦҲϺͿˡֶ˵㲻ȥúͬʮɣЩҲˡΪҡ
˵Ż̫ѾˣվڰӰ֮УɫҲ֪롣ҹڵϣ̧ͷ֪ΪʮĶġ
Ի̫˵Ҫͬ˵
ߵ£˵ͷ̧
Ҹջͷ̧һƾͻ˹ҴЩȡ
ί𣿡 Ҿȶ˵óҡ䣬һƴ
˵ڵϣֻʮĶӳġ
ңȴֽ
ЦҲװͷ̫˵
ҶǸҺúý̽ˡ
ǰҾģڣ
Ұū澵Ĳã￪
Ҳ⣬ͷңһСȻЦҲãһһҶӵĺӣ񲻺á
ҼѣǰӴʱҲܲ˵ץסҪ̫סҡ
ҾʱʮѾ̫΢Цôˣū澶ײңҽѵһ¡ҽѵ𣿡
ʮ£̫Ƕӵū澣һжǶӵĴҪѵͽѵӰɡ˵ţ½ˡֻŵ£ſڵϡ
̫Цȴ᣺ֵⶼΪʲô
ӹҾͷա
ҿʼΣ˵Σ˵ǻ䡣
ʱǵЦݣǬ幬ӣÿ춼кöң˵˵Ц졣
ҶȹĴ룬ȴȻʧһҲҲˡҲϲǡϲġ
ʱʮҵߣҵ֣ɫݡ
Ҷ΢ЦΣصǰˣǰáʮҲ볤ġ
ʮȴ˵ͷ࿪зоӨ⡣
ȴûзֺȻʧӣǲǡ
ң֣ң֪Ϊʲôң
ΪʲôҿЦֻϲоϲ
οңҪģǻкӵġ
Ӷûˣ룬Ҳ͸Ҳкӡ
һֱҲĲ壬ҲġΪҵĺӣΪǣҲˡҲԼáǵģҲԼá
̫ҽפҰҩں⡣ҲŻ΢Ц·һµĺӡ
԰ףһҵܡףʲô 𣿡ץסҼ֣ҵĹͷ顣
һζҷƢܺãе˵룬պпԻĹˡ
ԿҳҩȴҲϸ˵һ仰ڴ󳼣ŽҪҵ¡
æȴԵʱͻҳҩῴҳҩߣˣٰҩ³
彥תҳҩʱֺõĶ˵ڣԺܶණȻϸҳʲô㣬˼衣
Ȼޱ飬ֻǿҳҩ
ͥϣС䱩ĥˡ
еί˵Ҫ顣
ң΢ƲԵͷеĹġ
ܻûУҪ飬ˡ
ʰ˶ţҷǿ̵Ц⡣
ҲЦˣıӰҪҳߡ
Сϲӻ˵ӣ˵ʲôЦˣ үЦòˡ
ҲЦˣҲ˵Цȷʵҳߡ

Ȼ

һֱڹУϴʮͬ˵Ҳ֪ҵжխȷʵֻȥߡ
֪ΪʲôϽˣʲôˡ
һˣ½磬ľˣҹӣһ麮ɮ
ܼӺʱͱˣ˵Ѿ˶Сˣ֪縡
Ҷ׼Ѹ˵ٴٻȥ½ĸ˵Ҫһ㱿ǰиӰϤ
طKҾȡΣôعͷ΢΢Ц
˵½ֻΪǰʶˡ
ҰǸװҩСƿӵݸⲻǶҩ
ɫ΢䣺ù ΢ЦҡͷʮùȻһ١ɫˣ漴Цˡ
ھǵģҵǵôˣ ȴֻң˵㰤˴򣬺ЩûС
Ұ˴򣬲ҪҪǣڹˣ̾Ϣ
Ҽпܸ鷳˵Ҿͻȥܲ취뿪˾ͱٻˡ
ЦȻʵĶӣҲ
ҼŭΪʲôҪܻΪʲôҪԼȥҲ뿴ʲôһ
ŷŭңɭıȥȴ֮ůһ߰ɣߣʲôҪˡ
ҴӦΣǽϵʿһҪ߶ѡοﻹʮ
̫˵ֵǸʲô?ĻǰǸʲô
ΣˣĻ˵ǲлΪʲôҪȴЦ㻹ǲԸ⡣
ҪԸ⣬ôߣ
ͷ˵ѾûӴˡֿЦظûӴߡ
İ磬Ҳʵʵʹࡣ
ĬĬңʮ˵ģӦ𣿡
ҡͷҲκˣΪңɥΣա
Ҽ˵һôûļ죬⻰ҶʮҲ˵ˣúûţΪġЦˣǰһ΢Ц
ûһȥʮѾ
ЮңʮֻҪʮһȫҲҰ룬ҲҿԸıʷ
ʮŸ磬ҿԷ㡣
طKҶߵ͵͵˵һ仰ȻͶʮЦˣеĵˡʮ˵ʮܴ߰ɡ
ɵվţˣ ˵Ǿ仰ǣ˰ɣ
ô˽ˣΪҼһӲ
Ҷذףѵڲϣضʮ˵ɡʮѾͷʼʹ˵ġ
طKȴ΢Цʮܣ֪ʲôˣҲСյġҾҲҪȥ
ˣҲûлͷһۡˣ˸öã
Ҳϵ˺ۣǺϵȴɲˡʮסʱʮֵǵ˵Ҫ뿪ҡ
ΣһȥȴϿ.
ұס˵ҲȥˣģҲҪ㻳סҵ졣
Ӻ֪ˣץֻΪ˿ʲôϵ
ʮ˵Ըһ취ʲô취΢΢ҡͷ˵ģǻӣա



ʮӣС
ҿůϵҳˣĿЪϢʮվſڣĿҡ
Ҷ΢Ц˵˵£ϻͷҲæȥˡ
ҿıӰ΢Ц˵ô죿һӣ᲻飬ڿҳͷ裬
ѾͷóȥǰŹˡ
վţ̧ͷ˵ӣҪ˺òá
ס֪ȥʹ̫ҽˣ΢Цô˵ĻȻܲ飬ҲܲҪ
סңϸϸĸҵķЩҪƭңҶ֪̫ҽ˵ںܲʱΣա
ҵͷ˵֪Ҳ£ǣҪӣ/飬//Ժܹ㰢ꡣ
ҵֱսңֻҪ㡣Ҳĳɡ
Ҷ˵ڣ벻ҪҲˡ
ǰ!ˣڲҪһʬ,лᣬٻһɡ
Ҫ¸ƵĻţǼһ𳤴ģʲôرĹ¡
ҿĿ񡰾ʹǼ濪ʼ˵
΢΢ЦǸҰѾͷ˵ҲˣӼҾ룬֪˭ôùȢ΢ЦʣȢʲôŮˣ
ҵĶǣûۣȴ֪΢ЦȢһŮˡǣǸҰѾͷ質ĺܺҰ˴Ϊᣬҳͷ
ҰЩݼŵ£ġ
ʱ٣ЩģģģЦһŸǰ
˵ҿʼʣϲܵǸһ΢Цֻһ΢Ц
ҺȣҲ֪ǲϲңֱ죬СϲӸֽ˵˻ϣյġһֱʣΪʲô֪Ϊʲô𣿡
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