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ֶ˵ʱһ꣬׵
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ֶ֪һѾԼ뷨ֻΪ˲ֶ˼·Ҫ
ֶ˵Լӽ̣һǸյѧĺʦֶ
͵͵롣˼·˵Լ뷨أ㿴ˣҲӦ

ͷҲѾܰù֡ʦʱ˰

ֶȥʮַḻֹ
ʵʲôҲ֪
ͬҼͬѣЩ˵Ҳܱ˴⡣ֶ׽
˼ǣĿǰΪֹΨһùĵط˶ˡǶȥ
һȴǲһ㣬ʵֻûпˣ˵
е˶ߵšһԲȻܣ
ҪĲƾ룬У԰￴˶ȥˡ
ֶЩĪ˷ܣôһ鷢ݿк
֣йɵѧУ˵һ˷ܼղضһ
۵ڲزסڴ

---ȵ 

ظ[2]ƹҡƹҡ
ڴƵƹƳֶͽǳϤ
ÿռʱǱԿ˴ԼһԽƹ
ӵðҵ컨壬Ȼסӡһģһʱܶ
Ƕеûرĸоڣܼ䰲ǲŷ֣ԭƹ
ײ컨Ҳôį˲Щ㱣Ա۾
˶
۵һɲǣһɾ޴ӿ䡣ǼԼ
ţͩУ԰ÿһ䶼ѧӰǿҵͶ
ϣɹζѧ̸Цţţһ糣Ӧ˵Ƿ
Ǻܴ󣬵ֶͽ˵Ӽȼžмݶ̫
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֮ǰȻУ԰ȷʵǲûоú£ֻΪ
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 һ˲һʵ̫ڷ˼һֵֶ
ʱ䱻ԭأעνһС˵ﱻ
ѨΣͬʱǵѪҺҲ̵ףһʱʧȥ˼ά
 ȻָãȻؿ˿ֶ
Σ
 ֶ̽˵ǵģң
 ʵǸܵһжʵֿɼʵξ
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 һ뵽ԼΣвһǺǣʵΰ
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 ֶ֪ʵʵ˵㲻˵֪Լξͻ
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ϡǳ̱ڴ˵ʲôͬʱǣΧȺ
һȦһȦΧ


 ѩʱҹ˵ӣպôһУϳǸ
50˾βֻѩһ˶ѡ
 ͨʦԺ˶ֻĩȥβȻÿ춼˳У֮䣬
ʮſաôѧʵڷǳˣⲻ߶䣺ѧ
صصģȻ715־ˣ
 лл㣬βѩм˵
 βЦЦعͷ˵ѧȥʲôѽôŻҪǴ
˳ô죿һŮӣȫģ
 ѩͷ΢Цһ£شͻȻֵؼһһָǰһ
ʱ֮˵ֻ᲻ϼС
 βѸٻعͷȥֻһƬҰڳķɳۼ
ڳǰ裬֮ʲôҲûСҪѯѩһĲ
дӳֵ·ͬʱѩҲŷͬĽѹˣѹˣ
 βɲͣסˡڹԶǰһ壬βĶͷײǰ
Ĳϣһѣ˲һ࣬Ͻ򿪳³ѩҲˡ
 еĳƣǿҵĵƹ£ǰֵǸССҳ
ţ߲߰ѪȾ˸Ĳݵغ
 һֻèûһ˫۾ӫӫ̹⣬־ʹǣ
ϵشҽš

---ȵ 

ظ[3]βŵķˣԭһֻèһΪǸأè
һֻţ׼ϳӵһߡèʹŭػӶǰצţڻ
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ΪкܴΡèʹӣϧھΡҿèû
ΣգֻҪȥҩͺˡֻǱѹϵǽβȴ
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βͷˣѧһҪȥأϲϳ
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̾˿ҪѽҴߺòã
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ѩȻһ仰๲ͬԡ֪Ϊʲô仰
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ҡ
Ůɤɺ߳÷ᣬè̬΢һЩȻ
Ů׼Ħʱɰڳһս̬
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ƣèϮͲܺܺõıԼ
ҲΪè֪ûе⣿
룬Լһʼ泯èȥʵҲΪ˷ֹèϮ

԰ԼȲèȣôԼأ
ΣҪġ
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ٿܣС


ڴϣĿӣѾҹ9㡣̾һ
һﻹûζʱɻҺûС˵ӳ
һС˵
ҽǸղǸŮ̾һ

---ȵ 

ظ[4]УҽʵǺɵģƽҲ޷Ǿһðջ֮ģ
¿ǽһʹϰеЩԹ
 ôˣǺơ
 ŮҽѾְҵˣοҽƶһֻè
һϲè˵ֶͨ־˵èħĻ
ᷢѡֲǸĳҽŮᡣȻŮ
رƯҲҼһĲǿҵСֻ
ϸܵΪֻè񣬻èҩºܿ˯ˣȻԲ
ðűèץΣΪơ
 ŮѩҲ֪УҽΪèǻһ㣬ôˣ
ûбİ취ϺèβϲһȦڰӳɷĿ
Ѿ߳ҽ칫ңǾʱ͸˯ŵ
ˣһ۷
 ҽĲ˺ѣҿԿ𣿡Сĵʡ
 ĵȻܾܾ
 ѩ򿪵ƣһ˸ϷֱŽֶ
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 ˺ѩ൱죬˵Ǻѡ
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ǵ֡˿
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 Ŀڴͷϣ˵֪ͻȻεˣ
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 أҽֲɣߺߡ
 ֪ʲôʱèˣءһֶèȫ
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ʱҲȻȻ˷һУһ
 أһèСŷѩѩأ
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 εֶͽһĿ⣬ͬʱʱ췢˵
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ĿأèẦ°ǲǰè䣿è䷢ίġءʾȷ
 ҲֻèеŹ֣ûֶԵرʾ
ֶֶ֪˼ջĿ⣬㬵ѩҵ
ôڵèû⣿
 ѩ¾˵һ飬Ҫ˵ʲôȻ˸

 ľڻ̫ο˯6ͷû
չȥ̻ӦǰС˯ųÿ

 ôһѩҲ᲻ʲô飬èŮᣬֶ
ᣬֱģ˾ʹ˷֡


Ȼǳů͡9ҹУ԰ֵʱƹ
ӰֶУҽҳһû
˵˼ܿ죬ֵͩҹͩô
ȺʹԵֱͩزգҶƬ΢
ĦûаľһôõҹȻϤĴڽ
ֶҲôУޱİһֹĸоͩ
ԽƽǾԽ¼ķͬѰȥδӣװʲôҲû
𣿶ںǿҵ˵ǾԲܵġ
һͩվֶڴ˳Ĭ˵þ
𣿡

---ȵ 

ظ[5]ͷ
þͬʱͬһֻþʱһ֣ͨ
ضĻġ
ôûпֶЩѵ˵Ʋ⡣ʵ
ԸԼľëǷѾԽ֪ʶ;鷶Χ
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ΪʲôֶȻĲǣ˵þ飬Խʸߵ
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ָָվµͩΪָͣϵĳ
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ֻ1.55ףʮкѾˣ֪˵Ƕ
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ڸʩΪƹ¥һܴĻŷŶ
ʮ̨ÿ̨ԶΧ߰˸ˣССȥġƹҡ
˷кܶ˸ккһ֡Ц
žܾˡϸĴѰţ˳̱̱һŮɱ𾢡Ů
Ǹ֣̱ʧ֣ͷϹϸܵĺ飬Ȼ˽ֶˣ
ֻǿӦսϾк
ֶڳ̱վסȵ̱2119ʤŰеһ
ߡ


---ȵ 

ظ[6]̱ǺǸˣûˣˡôģ
ЦЦѪǣû¡̱2֮ǰ
ͩôˣңЦ
ֶһȭ˵һؼƻҽ2
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飬ͷֶֺֺۡЦҪۣ
˵ˡȻתſȥ̱ˣ׷ˣ˵
ûʲôرġ
ݳ̱˵һͩ飬Ȼ2
ӣֶк˺󿴼˹һɫɷף
ˡ֮͵ҽң2СʱûѣԼ͵ȥ
Լ7Ҳ
ƽľ
1015շ顣


ļ죬ֶæŵ飬ûһ
˶˵ƽһֱֶ֡й׼һе
һʱУ԰﷢һȫʦ𾪵¡
1018գȫУڹϵͼϵ֮չʵ൱ŷ
տҪǣϵǰФͼϵУ԰ķ
ߵһź򣬸ѧϳøߴ˧ڵ
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ԭѩĺèβϵıδèûе⣬
ͼſţ
ޣ̾һؿ
Ȼʣ˫ȥ40ӻûһ
°볡տʼʱФͻƣܿͱƽԷƥ
ǰءǿ˵һεݣȫΪ֮ڣ˫Եfans
Ŀż֣˫ԱҲֳոȾʱֹͣж
ע˵ĶԾҲȭͷФ֣Ȼ
ŮںУʤݺݵس¿ȥŮҲͬ
ƵĿ˫һ棬һ㣺ԭѩϾ˵ʲôֻ
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϶˲ΪԱڶ˽ȥФ޷ͻ
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ˡ
ֳһݵ˲ѻȸһʱ޷顣һСᣬ
ϵԱѸΧȥϿ˵Ȼʼ
˹𲫣ü˷شֻƺڽоȻǲ
ڳ߷޴Фİȫ
˱ȥôһܣǶܿ죬λԱΪģ
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е˶ǿˡ
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ԱһܺķĻԱʪ͸Ǻ顣
ФȻǱˮʪġʪĳ̶ȣֻеˮſܳ
ɫףʹţѾӲֹͣˡ
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ġ
˶˵̫ǰشô
ͷСˮݶûУôܻ
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ʬ塭
ÿ˶оĪĹ졣
Ӣײʱ𾪵ı飬ƺʣΪ
ʲôǾˣ
ǰΪʲô˭ش

---ȵ 

ظ[7]ԼͬģȺʼһһˣȻͬˮһɢȥܿ죬
ֻʣ½ġֶ
Ѿ˱ˣ֮ǰʲôҲ


ѯֳԺ󣬽ʬˡ
У԰ƺûʲôı仯ȻǶǵкֲܶ²⣬Ҳ
ǲ²⡣ҶڵȴĴ𰸡
ֻûмȴ


ĴҴһصҽңҪţŽ
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Ҫε˰ɣ
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룬ͬˣ˵ǵܡ


˵ӣȻһڳ˼顣
Ѿ׼ºԲˣַ¼
ô˵ȡĶҲΪһ
Ҳ̫ϣ
ĴӿڴͳСϴʬȡҺ塢ëƤ
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һҲûУֻȵӰ΢ҡڡӺϴķһ
ɵˮζ
ǰһǰƺиӰһգ۾Ͳˡֶ
ƺûзʲôȻسǰߡ

---ȵ 

ظ[8]㾿ҪĴȥվסˡֶҲվסˡ
ͣȥһˡ
˭ͬʱʡ
Ҫ˵һĽŲǰŲͣһ
·߷ǳԥڿҪҪ賿࣬˭ʱ
ߣе340׿ʱŲͻȻͣˡ˽Ŀǰȥ
ƹ¿20׿ľԶڰ֮УԼ֮˿ɣ
΢⣬··иӰֺǡ
𣿡ֶû˻ش𡣵Ƕͬʱһصĺ
ŷе㷢
ԼһֶӣһӣŲٴεĽŲ
ƺ·Ѿ¶˾ġʱܵ׼
ߵĺܿ죬һͳڵƹҲǸѧһ
ףľͷĵسһڳԭ
˭ʡ
ĵЦЩ죬Ҫȥˡ
ֶȻһٶʮҪʣҲֻʱѹΪѧ
˸ǰð׾һ۾ִСĹԺӡ
ıС̳ɢ˵ͯ㯶£ʱ
޳ȫ΢΢ҽʣФˣ
󣬸йϵ𣿡
ֶһͷˮָ߶Ⱦ裬ĵΪ򾲣ĿǰΪֹ
Ȼ֪ˡѧļ򣺡Ҫ˵
ǺѣҰ칫ȥ˵
ͯӣѧͻȻֽҲ֪Ǹ˻Ǳˣ
ǻЦ˶һ
һһᣡŵŵºֶ˵ظ͸ʱԼ
ҲֵòֻǺɵЦ
Ҫ֪ΪͯУ԰ڿν˲֪ǷӦôǿҵ
ǻͷһؼ
ķ۱ʾܲˣǿѧ߻ҽңֶں
ѧ˼ְһ·Ծ͵͵齯Ūʮջ
۾


---ȵ 

ظ[9]òصҽңѧһסܾõƤһڵػ
ԾͯӡĻһǿߵˮסˡ
ܲô
ˣڿԸôˣѾ챻ĸñըˡ
ѧཹེһˮ㰲侲һ֮󣬱ͯӡ
ļѾȥԳֻ̿ı飺ҽˣ
ûйϵ
֪ļ򵥵˵
ǣúܹ찡᲻һҲѧ˵
ֵһˮ
ֶ޿̣һקסĵ죺ûʻ㵽ڸʲô
Ҫǵ׳ˣòã
ĺȻЦˣ˼ʵڲǵԣǺǡֶ
ιȥɫҲܲÿĿЦˣϽ˵ְҵ
ֲҽʲôְҵֶ뽯ĶסʵҪ
Լ˵ǲŻ֪ô¡
һ£򣬡λǿϵĶƣλ
ѧϵֶûнܽȻýܶԷѾʶˡ
ʮԥ˫ϥϲͣشȥĿԸ𣿡ֶ
ǳμ棬ȴõǵ˳ƣֱ״Ρ
ͯ㶼Ų˵
ŵùŵùæصͷȻηηؿֶλ
֮Ųİػֶ׺ݵĿ˻ȥ
ԮؿģĿһĿת컨塣һ˹м
Ե쳣ع¶ģҲΪԷһֱ֮ʣ
ļ򣺡Ӧ֪ҽǣûô˵Ķף
㲻ϸǣҲǵģֶҵĺѣҲκ
飬ҪҰ㣬Ҫ
վʼȥ·˼붷ӣ
ֶĸǣ˵ȵȣҲߣ±ͺ޹ء
ǶƵҪ֧ۿҪߣ̷ҽ
ҪߡסֶҲҪߡҲǣʵº
ȡˡҽ֪ȫ
ȫģ̯̯֣˵ûһֱΪë
ֱ췢Ǽ£˵ǵҲſʼеˡ
ԭһֱңίؽе
Ҳܹңʵ˵ĻԽܡλĻҲܷ˼
ͬ࣬Ӧйͬ԰ɣĵ
̻һϲı飺ҲѾ𣿡
ʲôֶͽŴ󵽼Դˣ˵
ǲųƻеĺ壬˼Ͼɲ˵
ˣЦɣ֤컨塣
ˣҽ˵ǻģ˵
ˣ˵Ҳ˵壬Ĳò˵ˣ˵Ļ
ͷβ˵һˡ
ǶƵġʡ
1014յ顣
ûΣһֱ˯ʮӲʱ˶
ȥˡ
ס7¥ڿ̡ҵϰÿһҪվӡƽ
ӶǷҵͷ£ȴ˴ߵСϡס̵
ȥǻ˳ֹϵġ
ʱ˯ģ̫Ӵսɨһ۾ĶͰ
۾ȥá֪˯ѵʱЩʹ˺ðҲû
ЩͰ̽ȥһЩȻеΣգǰܶζû
¡ȻȽõӡҰѾõ֣ɻشһգ֪
ϵıѾҵһŪô˴룬ﻹżܺص
顪˯ʱġһȴ»ȥʱҵ
ûлصϣӺһͻȻ׹ȥ
ƽʱǶǹ˴˯ģ죬ΪǱ𴲣ȴ˴
ҵȥڿз˲֪ãͻȻһ죬Լ
صˤ˵ϡʹòҽһضת
£ޣһʱ䲻̫׷顣ʱΧмȥǳ
߿һּۣԼ顣Ҵȣûҡе
ҾѪƴߵѪôҲɾҷһֱ
ܿƵѪѪʺģĩֵǸѣ
о󱳽Ѫ͸Ѫճģʱ̣
ˡڲϽСȾҡһֱǸˣڷԭԼ


---ȵ 

ظ[10]ڵ˲֪ãҲһ仰һѪ֪ԼѾ
ˡҲãڽˡƣţûעҡ
Ѿˡ
ԶҲǵʱĸо־塪¶ѣӾ㤵
ƽҲûϵȻҺô

Ȼ鲢
ʱѾˡ·ȻһҾͻָ֪
ǰĵϣû˿һۣǼˡּ
ˡȻҷԼԶˡŶ˶ֽţȻһ
ʹҲûСе㲻ףǣɸɾһѪҲûСٿҸղ
ĵطҲһѪҲûСҼǵúҵܽ˴Ѫ
ô£һҲ벻ͨ
ʱͬҵļͬѧҸϽǵ֣Ƕ
ûпҵӡҿ־弫ˣѵұ˹
վ߹ȥҸովֱһ˲䣬Ǿ͸Ҵк
ðģղŻûأ뵱ʱҵɫһúѿΪ
ǶǲǲҪҪҽҡ
Ҿûе¥أǴûеǽ˿
̧ͷ¥Եüߣĸ߶ˤԲܺˡ
ҸûˤôһжΣ߻þ
ÿҪʱһͬѧͻȻ˵ƣľôˤ
һȻҸղĵطҵľӡѾˤ÷飬ֻ
ľͷľġҲѿˡҿԿ϶ղĵطǾ
ھ֮ΪʱҼǵԼְһԲεˮ͹顪ǵ
¥ʱµġڣ澵ӵĿ͹֮ϡʱӾڣҾ޿
ܲע⵽Ƭҵ֡
һƻã20ڴʱáҴڼԻУ
ͬѧҴǰﻹһ˿ңҲ澵ֻ
ѡͬѧѾʰǾҵ֣ơֿȥ
ģԴˡͬѧЦôãӦúúðǡľ
ȻؽӹŽڴ
ûУͬѧһȻȫЦ˵ҿ
ЦҲЦ˭֪ҵʱжô£ֻϣи˸ңԣ
ˡ˸ҷˡֻҪܷ߼ֻҪҵ
ôڵصתʲôԸ
˭ΪˣΪҵľ⡣ֻǾе㲻
Ҿ¥ˡ¥ʱ룬Ѿˣôһ
κһܵؼ¥ԺټҾͻẦˡ뵽
ް
ң״˵
ҵıӺ黬ڵϣš
ô˵ڴϵһĻģΪþӴӴˤ
ƣôתˣһأҲʰʰͳȥһͬѧ˵˵ĺ
ԡⲻҵķƽ˯ܰԲӴϵнƧ
ö߰ġʱþֻǵ棬ζʰ
ӣһоôάԭ״
ˣˡô˵ʶߵߣ¿ȥ
׹ĸоˡŵúǣһҡ
ϵĶӣǹҾӵһöӣһСƬƮ
ɫ޲ϣƺһѪʱҴһɫ޲¡ұ
ȫ½ڷֱȱϣȱëڣǱ˺ġȡ
´̨ǿ鲼ϡǺϡڵλãҵһ
˺ۣ·Ǳʲôƣڲλ·ѪȾˡǰһֱ
ûע⵽ϸ쿴һ£öҲһѪۼҵȥʱ
µġ


---ȵ 

ظ[11]½ȱһȴûп½µļһʺĻۣ
һѾ࣬ûгѪȥǱĳֶ˵ġ
ˤ¥ôӴ̽ͷ--Ȼϣ
¥Ĵڣһ--¥ͬѧɹ·Լ֧֧ܡ
⼣߰ߣһİɫҳ׵ؾ--Ǿ½ȱĲϡ
ûҵȷˤ¥ڴڵĶϻ֣¥ϻ
Ȼһ¥ĵˡ
һ˸ӣ澵ӵľҵ
ʮ·ӣԼԼʬأ
Ҳ֪Ҫ˭æ˵ȥû˻ţ˵ͽ
Ժһ˳ܲˡҽ

˵ͣĿͶġķԼͻȻ˰˵
Σֻü˵ȥ

1015ҹ7㣬̫ûһ˿âҹ
ˡ
ʱ򣬶ѾһУ԰ת˲֪Ȧ˾
ӡԼ֮ǰġ
׼Ŷ壬ͿƷɿؽĴһʵ
ҽﻹб𣿡ɫҰף͸ɫ׷·ЩŤ
̻ҩˡһϳУ͵͵ҩʦȻû
з֣ΪҽյϼľοƵʱʵں
ҩʿ
ûУô´һȷвͼ
ѧҲԼ֡
ҽҲһʱ䲻֪Ӻ˵
Ŷ´ϰ״ӡ
һԥ˰죬ֱĲˤŶȥһᣬͲ
ȫй
ĵĵһӦӷˡ
ƴĵı￴˼̴ҽΪҷǲ
ǣãֻҪȷǷˣһм㡣
ⷬԸıһЩĿһڼȵУ
ҪһȷĴ𰸡
Ȼϸһ¶Ƶʮ־߼ԣǸ
ëˡȻô׷һЩҽѧϵĲԣĽ
Ƹûоϵļ
ȴˡ
ôһǲѾˣʡ
էһʮֻΪȻǻġѾ²
˺棬ҲΥضԶƽԡԵĹУָ
ˡ
ԵĽƵȻǻġ
Xʱһֵ󣺶Ƶȫʾ
۵ĺۼȻϣԾľò˼壺ദĹۣ
ദطǷԹۣ۶ϣһǾ׵ͨǴӼߵĵ
ˤſܽͷڳܵ˵Ű--ƣ
˶Ѿˣֹ۵ĹҲǲмȻԵò֪жôĲ
֫Ժ͹ؽʱǺõòٺá
䲻˼ǣЩϵĺۼȻ£Ӧ÷
ô̵ʱܵôصѸٻָúûܹˣֱ

ļҪĻˡ
һëƽ鷳Ϊ˼鷳ܹ˵һ
˵ɶ˶ƵĻôƱҪ²С鷳--ô˼
飬˵Ҳ˵ôǿ˰
׽ŪҽҲ˵ԽԽֿ󣨶ƷŭУ
ûжԶ˵ʵһͨڻþ뻷Ĺϵ˵
Լ֪Լ˼ˣƸǺͿ͸Ȼľͽһƿҩ˵
µĸɮµģƻȥƣһ¡
Ϊˣмÿ찴ʱòж𾭣֪ǲһƿά
ˡ죬ľͽˣʱ֪࣬ŭ
ȰأֱǼ£֪ȻͬѰôˬ
ͬ뽯ֶȥҶơ

ò׵ȵ˵꣬ƾȥҪסˣԼ
˲Ҫ򣡡
ȻֶҲǵ˶ơ˲ξ档ʹ
Թ¼ĳǿ˺ܹܶ࣬һЩǰԲܵ顣
ֶҲˣǼһʱ˶ƵĻֻľеԩ
֪ΪʲôЩ¼ûֱӲ룬ܻйءֻ̾


---ȵ 

ظ[12]Ǽº㻹ʲôѰûУʶơ
ûУҡҡͷԺԼǹ߽ʬ᲻Լ
ƵغΧˣһ˶ֻǹ¶Щûзʲô
顣ֱ㣡ͯӣ˵гȻǲģ
ԸģЦһ£ȻгȻ
Ȼ׽
Ӧô죿ʵ
ǶӦúú˯һ˵
ôһ˵ҲʶԼѾһû˯ˣѾ糿6ӡ˵
ûʲôһ˵ÿ˺ȻѼǴ˴ĺǴ
Ǵʱѹǣͷȥ˯ˡ


ѩܵ
һֱ͵͵ϲͬѧ֪ԼֻǸͨŮӣֻ
ˣƯʮǧƯŮʵ̫ˣԶ
Ҳע⵽ԼǼʹֻ룬Ҳ뿿һ㡣Һͬ࣬ÿ
Σѩ᲻ϧһдĺ档ö֮ȫ඼֪˼
ʱЦһ㶼ںȻֻһΣһ֪Ͷ
һʵ԰ɣʱô롣ȵĿ£һҲûлͷ
һۡҲ֪Լ˼ҲԼܿЦѩں
֪ԼᣬȨһЩЦġ
ȻڣεĻᶼûˡ
µʱѩ̫׷ʲô顣ֱȺΧ
ȥǸҽѾʹסˡ
ûкܶҪֻҪԶԶΪÿһγɹϲֻҪú
ãģʵǺССԸ΢ԸҲӰ
һ֮ҹĩĳ
賿㣬ͨ˱Сĵ绰㡭Ļˮ˻ȥ
Сû˯ôˣˣɵϣǱߴ̾ϢС֪
ҲѩһпӹǸߴккѾ
Ϊʵµʬ塣Ϊһҽ֪ʹʬ壬Ҳйε
ϧ͸̾ûһݡϾεĽʶѩһ
͹ģСŮͯеһ͵͵ؿţζ
᣿
޶ӱ߹ǣǴˣ֪ôͻȻʫ
ʬѾϲҷơ֣е󶼱
ǱģڵʦУ԰ڵָͽָֺ
ˮݣΪˮݣǰˮβ
ˮǻˮֱԭΪȱϢȫʪ͸ʬͳ
ȷӦˮСʱ
ֻһͨ¼Щ󶼾еԣ֮
ֳ֤ĿڹȻʬγֳۣǧͬʱĿ
ǰһСʱҵʱ䶼صڸ򳡣͹ֽ
м顣ߵԲʱʱ䲻ᳬСʱ
ûСʱ֮
Ϊʲô賿ȫֵĸɾڿ۵ԭ
ѩڵ绰ҪҪһ棬Сʾ˾ֳͬˡǸɵѾ
ͷ׼̸С˵˵ǿͬڶǰ

ڶ糿8㣬ѩβУĩ
Уѧʮ˼ӣʶǲʶģʼ
ţⲻԼͬת¹ȥˡѩ۷׷ףһ
ѹˮӿûע⵽
˵ѧɣģϱˡβʼį
Ҳ̸С
ϱô˵ģѧǶЩ֣ôôͱý
ˣ
βҶ˵ʮָˣ˵ģ
Ĺ̶¼ˣͦõĺӣںӲûȥ
̾Ϣ
β˵ʲôǲģѧ˵ҶΪβ
ʹˣϲϹ˵Ϊ⡣
βҪ˵ʲôѾѧһѷ˳
12ӣġơֶһѧУʳóԷһ

ǣͩϵĺۼƵĹƬ
Фʬϵȡ֮ûֵ㡣
ЩѾ˷Ĳ鿴ҲûµĽ۳


---ȵ 

ظ[13]ڻʲôʡ
˭ҲûлشĿǰܹƺֻеȴ
в˼飬Ӧûɣֶ૵
̾һʵ˵治֪ǼãʲôҲ
ȽϺá
϶ֻᷢϣҪ̫£٣ҪˣĿЦҲ
ҹͬԸ
ôƾɥӦ˻أ
һ⡣

شһƬ̾
ʶȤ˵һݶΪ˺ˡ⻰ЩɫĬζ
Ҳֻˡ
ȥϰɣ˵
ҶЩΪʲô
֪Фϵˮ˵Ŀǰû
вĵطܱŸɵҪã
ֶҲʾ޳ɣҾȥͩݰɡ
ôĲؿŶƣǲҪԶƽлʣ
ƷŭؿһۣʲУĿԿǣϾޱ˸еؼ
һ䣬㲻Ҳܳ⡣
---ȵ 

ظ[14]ѧΪأҪͷͷƤ·ʲôصĦ
ȫѪģͷҲʣ޼ЩĦĺۼû
ƬǷֳС飬ͷƤĶһһµĦͷƤ
䡢ֱ۶Ƶ˺ۣûͷء˺۷
󳵻˱ʱĻֺۣۼͨ岿λҪ
ĿΪͷĻûмżȻҲܻͷشĦˣ
£һ㶼ӱܣ޿һһµزĦ
˶ۼ
һֱڰ״̬ΧڵĻԣʱûҪУҽԺ
ʵϣĵҽУҽԺҲܺģԲҪפΪǰڵ
ҽҡ
Ľڹ۲ϢͬʱĻߵһͬѧ˶ɢȥ
ˡ
û£ⲻ˾ͻ̸Ķѧ˾ܸȤλ
ѧҲԴһ˵˵òֺ

˵ѧ·ѧϵһ꼶ƽʱֺܺãû˳
졣ͬҵ裬ͬࡣ
磬ҵѧȥ·һҡҲǲȥ
ΪСĴһƿ̼īˮŪҵĵһͿҾͷ
ѵذϸɾ
ȻǷʵһǺܽģΪڵһ˭֪
СʱֻҲû˽ӡҪãͻȥ
ͬȥĻöͬѧ
ǵ6¥ʱЩͬѧûϿΣǶ
ҵһֵܾͳŴơ
¥ȥֵҡֵһڶķŶţ
ѧڴɨǻк
Ȼҵȴǽյġ
ţûӦ𡣼˶Ϊ·ȥˡ
һ·泯ſ˵ڵأĿȫѪڸסˡ
ʱǴһ̳ȥΪüڵϵ
Ѹһӡ
·ʱѾȥҡҡûѣܶǰ߰ߵѪۡ
ҳɣ͵ҽҡ;У·･ѣʼ
ʲôش־ʮѡ
飬Ķ֪ˡ
ĵһǲ¡·˺ڵ
ĳϵϸ
һ·ȫˡԼҽңǳȣ
ôˣ
ˣѵ㲻֪
ˣ·˦˦ͷһʹѣʵʵı¶
ı飬ôܵˣ
治֪Ҳܾȣ̾ȻˣҲ˺ͻ
ȥˡ
𣿡·üͷŬ룬һڿЦҡҡͷûӡ
ֻǵԼϵأyyոտʼȻ󡭡.ȻҾͲ֪
ˡ
yy鿪ʼʡ
ʮ־޴üëͷϣǲ˼ĺ·
һûüӦִظyy鿪ʼȷ

·ıŵˣͷϸһ󣬿϶صͷȷ
ǵõʱϵϵſڣſһۼ״һ۾˺ܾ
ûвȥʱyy鿪ʼˣһ˿3룬ƽʱyy
鶼ʱʼ
ǣǽŵʱҲ3룬ʱȷǿ
yyȷողſʼѾڵ»Բˣ˵ü
վñֱ
·ػ˰죬Ǽǲйص顣
ĸӾ·ֵõĵط


·Ķǵҡͬѧڴɨ
ʪġˣҶͣĻΧ·
ѾˣϾشǡ
ĵѾϵòˣа߰ߵѪ޷ȥˮذ
ͨмϸСķѰĿףѪЩСףѲȥ
̵Ѫۡ
ԱһϰѵͬѧεһЦʵûϸɾˡѾöˣ
ŵʱǻΪװֳϲѪͷƤ⣬
·ͷڵĦƵġ·ﻹ𣿡
ļ򵥵˵һ·ָ鿴ˡ汻Ϲ֮
µѾ٣һע⡣
ҵĵˮģΪ⣬Ѿ統ǰ⻬
ƤһϸСĿףѪܹ͸ذ档ЩСЩط
ܴ࣬һͻһЩĩͬʱһӡǣ˵ذʽ
ĴۣҲΪ档ΪͨǲСµģԺۼ״ǳ
᲻һ£ֵǣذȻۼ֮⣬ֲͬһֺۼ
ֺۼΪ״鲼棬еĺۼǳСһ
ĳֶһһµضڵϣ

---ȵ 

ظ[15]ÿζٵλöͬЩ״ۼɫӦ½µġ
 ôģָЩۼԱߵˡǶ˵֪ǰ
ûУǴ·ºŷֵġ
 ڷת˺üȦûзʲô
 6ӣҹҪˡ


 ֶصңȻſһֻè
 ÿοֻèͱȻй鷢ӡ
ӣֻǿѩϲûһšȻ֪Լôֺã
ͽǣغһۣԼʼϴ˷
 ʲôأֶȻûָش

 ȻҲ˵ء
 ѩڽĴϣڵǡ
 ŮһأֶһЦЦܿȥ
 ΪѩһͲŵġ
 ڽĴϣһů¯ȴǲͣط׺
ǲҰײҰ׵ģһǼƤ񡣿ֶ˫ס
ƺлҪ˵ʲôҲû
 ˣ˵ҪȻһֱûб䡣ͬҵһ
ͬѧ޿κε˵
ѩŮҲˣͬѧиʶ˼
һڣѩŵȫһ־ֵŪʤΡ
ѩ״̬ʵ̫Ϊ£Ҳֲ˼ߣ
Ľ״̬ңϽԱͬѧ㡣ڽ
һǽ˲ͬѧȥȥˡ
ôˣֶͬʱʳ仰
ѩǺ˵ģȻ޷ƵĲʲôҲ˵
ѩͻȻס֡һֱů¯˫ȴ
䳹ǣҶҲŶֽ
˫סֶͬʱ˫ְסļ򣺡£¡ʵ
ڲĿѩģ
ǵİοȻЧѩĲδֹͣѾõöˡֵֶһ
ˮһСһСڵһƺӲ¶
˵ˡ
˵ĵһ仰кļȤФйŹ֡
Ŷ˵һ֣;صġ

---ȵ 

ظ[16]ѩֿʬһֱڿޡıٰ㰲οҲûá
ֱʱ֣ŽֹסᣬУ
ĩʱ򣬳ˣɹѧ浽ǲûУģĳ
ֻһ˿͡βϳкºܸߵغ졣
û˼һûһػӦšβҲںֻҪһ
˵ˡ
֪˶ãѩԼ˵Сѡβੲݵ˵
òͷȴȻӺβĻˡ֣һ
ϸβȻոս⣬ܿ˵ȥˡ
һ󣬺βȻĿǰĻǳʱǲ
Ļˣ˲òֱ˵شĻͷ顣
ΪԼܵð෴Դ˷ǳˣ˶ĻȤ
֮ãԭԭϸ˵˳


磬βϢһСϣСŵͷһ
̨ʽĵӻβ򿪵ӻտʼúõݵӾ磬˿ʱ
ͻȻĻһƬѩ㣬ʲôͼҲûˡβѾ̨
ʱʵ̫ˣżȻǺġǰһһµ
ߣ˶ãĻֳͼ󣬲ǺʱеΣʱ򻹻
ѩðЧҲãβֵ˰ߣ
һҲûСֻͷһſȥûа취̨ӻֻ
յһƵ
ﲥŵѾǸղǲӾ磬һšβе֣
ΪղǲӾŸոտʼͨҪĵ롣Ҳû룬һ
˴ҲģͼϢƿš
ȻţȴûпߣֻϡмߵΪӻЧ
ʵ̫һҲ˵ʲôŮ
·һ԰ͷڵΧ壬ƺµ
ʮͶ룬춯Ҳ̺ڰ䣬ʮ˵ȴŤ
βƽʱҲϲΧ壬ҲԶһ㣬Ѿ
µͷȴ˭Ҳռˡ
ֻͨͨˮ죬ƺʲô䵽ˮˮ
ǷѸתƵһˮ棬ˮ𵴣ˮڣͷ
Ѹ˵ȻФ㡣
ФѧУķβʶǲΪѧ
ͺβϲ壬û¾Ͱ֣һȥͳΪ
βȻϲΧ壬һֳ壬ûԸ£Фȴ
ѵõǶԺβպܰݡ
ºβǳ£תΪˣǰ꣬Ļ
ФһˮҲᣬ֫ˮһغȣȵ
ҲԱ߼߽˵ȴһҲ塣ͷѾܽ
Կϵëףֿ־ֵ͵Բ۾Ҳ

ȻͷתƵ˰ϣΧ壬ǿǵ
ףβѾ֪˲Ф㡣žһСӴԶɱ
ܵǰָֻţܼӣǲ֪˵ʲôֻһ
ƬӵĸСӵҲΧһŤ塣
ͷͣ˴ԼһӣβܵСѵİΣһ֪
ǵˣ֪ͷΣֳһСʯϡԱϳһ
֡βȻʯЩ죬ٿܵĻҲʮϤڻ룬
ĻȻһƬڣʲôҲûУһС֮βһ˼
һ׼صӻ㿿ĻȻһĻ𣺡
ˣһһ㣬˼ӣȴûͼ
εԴרļǵʲôط
ԼʮӣԭϵĵطȻ
´ɱȥ
棬ѧ¿飬û壬һƬƽ
ûпФ㡣סһѧʵղˮأѧĪ
˵ʲôˮˣ￴һ飬ûпˮ
һ룬Լɵ϶ˣȻǽˡȻ
˵״ֱ룬ֻһȥѧУϢѸ٣
ʲô£Ҳܿͻ֪ġ
ϣ˵Фˣúء
ȻҲˣܲŰˡУ԰űϾÿɿ
϶˱ضģĴ˵ѧҥ
ˡ

---ȵ 

ظ[17]βǴӵϿģȻԶһ޷͵״ԡҥ
֮ѩʱȴֳֳһʬ
Ҳߵؿʱ;˵״ǳԺһֱ
µĹ죬Ѿ˺ܶʣȴΪ˹ȣ֪
¡
ȻβĹһ˵Щȫӿͷֻ֮
һʱͷԼȻң޷һڳãȻ⣬Ұã
ãҰݵͷмƣһ֮ʦڵƽϣϽӸ
죬½ӻԭƶ͵ѹѧУϿգ͸һ˿޷˵ա־ͻȻ
ﾮ޷ƣкβתͷ֪Ϊʲôƺһ
ҪصѧУȥβһ߿һߺСȫ֪
顣
ò׵ѧУصңǶȥˣһ˶һᣬԾ
ʮֺ£ֲ֪度ʲôֻ֪ԼܶԴš
˳Ҳ֪ҪȥżȻᵽͯӡ֣
Ȼ뵽֮Խ⿪Լͷɻ󣬱㾶ֱˡ


ֶ꣬Ǳһܡйһ
ֵǵڶȫ֤ʵǲǻþѩ˵ĺβ
ǵЩơβҲһ˿˺;˿ĲһĶ
βʵģôʱǳĹڿľȫǼٵģȻʱ
ȷʵʬȡ֤ݣЩǳʵشĵı
ֱĺͶƻеʵ飬ǵʵ
ӹɵġþĺܿǺβҲֻһζѡ
ûֶͻβĹ£Ȼͩ
ƺλԱ֮ѾѧһЩ˵οβ
ľҲǷڹƵһʱڣ˵Σ˵
޷͵Ĺ¼
  ܹ֤ʵβȷλ߲˻þôҪ򵥵ö࣬
ɵ޷͡һȥһ˺β֮ǰѩʵ̫־壬
ߣú˺ܶ࣬ȻĵԵĿζԾǲʱӿ
ʹԾɲʱ΢΢ΣɫѾЩָЩ
˷Ĳ٣ͬһȥβ
βסڽ̹һλѧУţѧᣬҪƫƧö
ȥʱ5ңְδ°࣬ǰһҲû

βסһ¥ȾͷСһŰ²ɵĲ˺ܾ
ţֽ֣ʼûӦšѩȻʡһǳȥˣ
Ǹض˵ˡԼ8ԺʱһѾˡ
ְһǰ治ԶѧһƾסֶԴ
˵ƵĹº󻹴ûңʱȻ˳ȥѩ
Ѿܶ࣬ǡͬҵͬѧһȥˡ
ŷ˶ƵҺţ7017¥¥ֵ䡣Ƶڵ
ǽȥҲڣͶ˵ʲôƿʮ
ָˣӭӣˣ̫ˣȥأ
ʲô£ǲ֤ˣϲϲΪˣ
ֶЦһơ
һֱû˵·ʲô߹ȥļ򣺡ʲô
أ
룬̵˵ΪʲôеĹ¶Ҫأ
Ϊ˵ĻѾ֪Щ飬ʽذοһ£
ѾǻˡȻ󲻵˿ڣͽ
˵һ顣
ֶԴºܸȤæѧסʲôطĺͶƶһ
ۣЦһ£סڶ¥£һôôɡ
Ȼ¥£˳ȥҲܷ㡣ĸ˱һ¥Ѫ
ֶôĿġȻ˵£û
ֳڱֳŵɫ԰ף۾Ƭ
Ⲣ£Ҳʲô˽ѹ
˲һʱ˼£
ȻؽЩŹ¼ϵȴȫϾһ磬
Ĵ鶼ܹóĵһ˿
ʲôҲû˵ò֪ǺãͯӹȻ鴫Ȼ
¼ǾУɣöӶˡ˵š
Ҳ֤ǹ£Բԣĵֶбһۣһ
û˵ͬ˵˵öԣǲǹ»Ҫʲ֪
·µʱ򣬶ߵŶǴ󿪵ģ˴¥·
601ңȻ˿ǵһˣЩͬѧᶨ˵
ûҵͬѧųûעΪ
ҵͬѧһֱڴƣΪ˷ֹʦͻȻҷͣſ
䵱ǵĻ˵һֻ϶©ǵ۾

---ȵ 

ظ[18]ų˴¥Ŀܡ
601ҵұ߾Ⱦͷһȴֶ첽߹ȥֻ
Ĵ˿˼ȦǵǰѧΪ˷ֹС͵Ӵ
ģ˿Ͳ϶˺ĻҳȻǺܾûд򿪹ˡ
ȻҲû˴Ӵ
һʱҲ뵽һࡣ֮ʱΪ
кܶ永󶼷ΪҲųֿܡ601鿴
һ飬ûзʲôʱƵ۾ȻӱϻϽַס
һû·һײϡűǴ򿪣һײ㳯ǽϵȥֻ
źһһϰѾ͵æҵؽϰѷҪԭ
źãȻ˵ȵȣһ㣬άԭƲ䣬Īؿ

ӹϰѣϸϸһ飬ĺֶҲΧ˽
һͬʱͷҲ˰죬ֻϰֱͷȫѪȾ죬
һļ£˱۾ٿʱҲһ֮
ֱͷǹ⻬ģȴһģľͷѿ״·ʲôӲ
Ϻܺݵش˺ܶ£мֱ˺ü硣ͨϰֱ߶
ҳմοôҵģ
Ȼ˳ȴһʱ벻еȻȥȽ
ڣѾϰѵֱһŵ档طŵϰѣֱ
ѵĶͷͣ£žͱƲֶϸϸ
һͨͷ
ʱҲѾˣԭٴĺۼȻϰͷǳǺϣ
˵ϰѣ䲻ڵذ϶٣ڵذϰ˺ۼֻΪ
ʲôҪôأ·ǱϰѶιȥģʣΪԼҵ˹ؼ

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·ƺǱͷڵĦ
ô£ʣ˽·ͷڵĦȻϰ
ڵ϶٣Ϊʲô
ֶļ򣺡ֵܣ⼸飬мǳܹ
͵ģѩ˵˵˳ƺĶǳȣԽԽ
ӣҪȥѩʱ䣬Ѿ7ˣȥԷȻ
顣

˳˷ϴ裬Ѿ8ӡȫˡʱѩԼ
8ȥҺβֻаͷ˱һŮ2ˡ
վ¥һѩܿ˳Ϻ󣬼򵥽һ£ⲻ
һ5˾ͳְһȥˡ

--

---ȵ 

ظ[19]β̨Ƶӻִ򣬷Ŵţſڲʱ˺к
ѧĵβ⣬мֻʶѩҲ֪֡
ÿͣк¡
Сʮּªֻһŵ˴һͷ񣬹Ϸŵӻ
ǽǷű֮ƷŵĵطһСķķ
˻δʰֻһΣβˣѧֻü
ڴϡβˣ˼һЦֳȥ˼ѷʻ
ΪɣβЦŮѧһҾ֪϶Ϊ
ǻ£Բ
ѩ˼صͷ˵β˵ϸһ㣡
βҲԭ򣬾ִͷβǼϸϸ˵һ飬ѩ˵
һ꣬ӻŻƽʱεĽĿ治ʱ
ᳶһ£ҲʹŤ˵׶Ǵܹϳ

βϳФ֮⣬˵ȫϲ壿
ʡ
β϶صͷһҲϲӻ֪ô£Ч
ˣ˵һɫˮͣػζˮ͸ģֻ
ܴ¿Ӹ߳۾ȥֱ治Ф

ôĽȥʣûߣͷβû
ǵģβ˵Ҳƣƽ߶ڵ¶Ӱ
Ӷûһ£ǹˡ
˶һۣһ⣺ˡʲ
ô˼
ȻˣҲ¿϶ѧΧˡҾǲ
ף¼ôһһ£βҲĪڵˣԽԽ
ˡβ߶߶
죬£ʲôûУʡ
β˾񣺡Ȼۣ˵£ûˡҿ
ʹһˮϴˮˮʱɾúܡǵҽˮ
ʱ͵ƺʲôҵһ£ʹһ̧ͷһվӣ
һӡǿƤŵƹչʾҿֻص
֮Ȼһɫ˺ۣ·ʲôĶһ
ʱʲôҵֵǣ￴ʱȻ
ˮл˺ܶ࣬мˮݣаţβ˵˵ڼѧ
ȥЦѧǽһҾ֪ǲֹǺô򵥡
ϺһѣҲ֪һЩŹֵ飬˵аʱ治ܲа
ùŹ֣ҿģ⻹û꣡˵̾˿
βǲ֪ʲôѩе˵
βҡҡͷ֪ʲôֻϲ壬˵壬ФҲ
ˣ˭ҲȲУ԰ʥǲǡۿҪϲ˵
徭˸ʵĻҲˣϽǡβƺδһǳ
Żһ߶ʥ¡Ҳû˼ؿ׼ˡ
ֱҽҶȥںͷҲص
һʣҲɣĪظȥ
Ļصҽң̴򿪱䣬ȡСܷһ
ϸоЩһ۾ϳǴФȡ塣Ľ
һһִ֮ͳһոµܷеҲ
һڳһȻû
 ʲô˶׷ʡ
ָǸµܷװǺβϵıƤ֯Ҹղ
ȡģָŴӱóһǴФָ
ȡ֯ѪҺղѾȽϣͬһˡ

˵ʲôѩûס
˵βϵǵ˺Ф㻮˵ġ
ֶҲ̷Ӧβϴʱ򱻻ʱ
Фµʱͬʱʾˮȵĳ棬
ҺβˮˮݡҲ˵Ǹʱ򣬺βˮ
ͨˮˮݶβϵϣҲ
Ф㡣ǣĿõһôأ
˵꣬ﶼû˵ֻиԴ
ƲޱȣĿǰȴʮ׼ȷһжʾ
ӡһôͬʱڲͬĵطԲͬķʽȥأʵ̫
˼˹Źֵ飬˹ŹֵۣѩѾܵ˼ޣȻ
һҪܡֶסʲô

---ȵ 

ظ[20]ӣѩһ߿һʹǶǷӣҲǷӣβҲ
Ƿӣôᷢ飬ܵģǴҶˣҪԺ
ǸʮŮЪ˹£ֶͶ˾Ȼ
ס
žһ졣ȥһ⡣ˣ˵
ֹˣĲͷؿҪǲܽܿʱߣǲ
һи߱ˣ뱻ؽԺ
ѩСҲǼıҪ˵⣬һػûϳ
ΧŮͬѧչϽļһʱֹס޺
㶵ȴٿתͷüͷô˵Ů˾
鷳
˿ĿͣסЦοѩԭҲֻһʱй
һ£һѣȻҲٿޡֻһⰤúί۹ⲻס
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ô㣬ߺߣ̬Ӧò˵ǺܺãǿϵǸҲܲˡǴ
Թںãۼ顣
һ⼸췢飬˵
1014գһƴ¥ˤʱоԼȥºϹ
ദ۶ϣˤ÷飬ȻƬ֤
ѣ1015գڶҺֶͩΧ˶ʧˣȻ
֣ͩϿ̵ĺۼ֤ǲǻþ1018գ壬
ĿФºҡֶľ飬֤ȫҺ
嶼ˮһմˮݣͬʱβڵϿϴ
ʱˮˮܱͨܿФϻһ£1016գ
Ҳǽ죬ͼݲ鵽¼Ŀǰû֤֤
Щ⼸бȻϵǽ죬·ͷĦˣ
ϰѶͷжٴۼǿЩ֮ϵûУ
֪ע⵽ûУĽ˵һڶ¹ʣ
Ҳ¹ʣһֱ룬⼸ϵĻôΪʲô
ûзκأ
ûз飬ûҺֶ㲻֪
ǵûƣҲ֪ƵҲǳ
żȻű֪ġ룬ĺܿҲ˹£ֻ
ڻ֪
ǵģֶͷһһ㣺ƺ·ʮƣβ
Ҳơ
ͬĻвͬĿƶ¹ʷʱ
Ǻû˺ۣ·෴¹ʷʱ
һ֪һˣͩϵĿ̺
֤ʵԣǱǻû֤֤Ƿ˻þβ
ϵ˺֤ǻþˣҲǰڵĿ
ˣФڲٳϵʬΪ֤
һ£Һ·סͬһͬһķ䣬ֻ¥㲻ͬ
¥·¥Ʋ
֮ǰһֱͼҹϣǸļۺ
ֻйأ»˵һ£
һйءˣФסģʡ
жѩر˽⣬

ŶǼƺЩʧһƺҲûϵ

ܽӦȲ¼飺1.
ʲôɫ2.¹ȫϣǺйأǺй
3.ҺֶҪҵ֤֤˵ʱûвþ4.
ûзֵ顣5.ٴβơ·Фǰ
ϵĵ飬Ф6.ŪֵĽۡ7.
еϸڡ
˶ͬĿľǷֹˡ϶Ҫ
ͼȥң͵ʲõ䵽˶ͷϣֶǳ
˾ǷþԼ¼еϸڣơ·ǰ
ĵ飻ѩФǰЩʲôԼ
µĽۡǷ£Ҷ˴
Ǵҷͷж


---ȵ 

ظ[21]ƵͼʱѾʮӣͼͬѧѾֻ࣬ϰǰа˾
ˡѧԺ־ƧĿĵ˽٣Ҳϡһ
붼װ飬ҶҳϴǲĵʱŪһͷһĻ
εδơƴ˼磬һһزԾϴ
Щݣûʲôµķ֡۾˿ǽϵĴӣѾʮһˡ
Ҫظ۹һɨһЩ
ڷѧԺ־һϣһУȻһ쳣
ͼǸ꣬Ŷ̷ʱˡ
ĿӢߺЦ⣬üһɴȺ͡˿Դ˼Ϥһ
൱߳˱磬汸ѵõǣó湤
ȥģ߲õֶǳֱǵǷ켫֮
Ϊ˹ˣ˳Ļҳ⻭ûҳ
ģֺһ˵ĻͬһڻҳĵطżȻҲֻʣ
ڻҳָ֮廭ĵطҳȥͳˡ
ǡǡ෴ڵһܶɾ쳣˳ȾǷÿһһ
Ȼǻҳɣ˻͹֮ϡΪŪЩҳ
ѻЩҳϸƯΪѻǰʵȻǳ
ĻҳһϾĸһҳȻΪҪ
ɷѿأһͻᱻƻڣ
һ벻ףΪϵЩŸĹŹ⣬Ҫߣȴ
һ¶ǷʮȻ·΢ڴ·
һ߶Щ徹ȻǼ֣ͩԺ󣬷䡣һ
֣ͩһæ۷ϳһѧԺ־Ҵҷ
ѪƪȻ֡
ѪƪصľǸΪɱձӲϧԼʦ
ֽйͩһζļ򵥽ܣ֮ͩΪˣºʹƣ
ųƮȻʿ緶ȻľǹֻͩǾ䡰ͩԺ
䡱ʲô˼أ˼ͻȻһ紵ҳǷ
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Щûиˡ
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ˡһ䣬Ͻߵſڹʦʵʦղû˭
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ʦһۣ˵ûаɫ÷ǳѿҪ߿
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סˣϽɿػصңͷ˯
һҹȥ˺ܾãʵˣų˯ȥڶ糿
6ˣ컹δڱ
ͼ﷢飬⼸ţԽԽ£Ȼ´ò
װ7룬̫ĹѾٲȻһˣŴ´ֱ
ӳšҽģһ뵽ֶǼһﾭЦ͸ı⣬
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סְˢϴƾʱ߽һ
֪µķ֣ҴʰϣŶһȥͣ˱
Աġ
ƽϸ˵ˣ꣬ͩԺ󣬷䡣
ʲô˼ѵЩ͹ͩʲôҲд˻ɣǹͩ
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---ȵ 

ظ[22]ᣬǹͩɵġƵԹͩʮ壬Ը

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---ȵ 

ظ[23]УһΪУ԰̸̳żȻҲһЩ
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---ȵ 

ظ[24]Ǳ߶ҲЩջ
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ġֶ˸Էһֲҡ
ҵһ﷢һʷϵѧд
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ظ[25]Ժͷѧ״ǳƣ֤
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æͷˡ
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---ȵ 

ظ[26]ʬФһ˼飬ѾԿ϶
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--

---ȵ 

ظ[27]ʱҽѾֻʣˣУһᣬʼղ˵̾һ
ģ֪ղ˵Ļȥʲôֻ
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 磬ԺѧһȻʱУϿΡУǹ
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ЩӵĶеʮһ㡣ⲿ
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Ŀ̨Ȼ뵽Уһ޶أ
뵽ֱ඼ʼð亹ˡ

---ȵ 

ظ[28]Уվڽ̨ϣէһ쳣֮һֲںڰϰ飬һڽ

ȻڽΣĿնģϺޱ飬Ȼһһϣȴʲô
Ҳûз
ǼԽ̨
ԺȻʹˣȴá˳Ѱңֽ̨һССİ
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Ժ˲۾ֲ˲۾ܵȱߴһ磬ٻһ
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ļо˽ͷһݵ˲䣬ǶھԾ
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ȻԺĻȵȣ˵ڴʶѧҲ

ǵģУ΢Цŵǲ뵽ʲô
û´뵽һġԺ΢Ц

ԺʱУ˵Ȼ뵽ʲôһԽԽô
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---ȵ 

ظ[29]ڳ˼֮ʣ೤һʮֹɵŮ˵У
ָôˣشŮѾڰʼڰ塣
ЩѪںڰ֮·׷ʧˣ쳣ȣȴѧǶһҲ
ֻ֣Ժһؿźڰ塣
ɾŮڰһӣҪ½̨УʱȻ
ϾȻȫѪȾˡ֣ʧ˳ͷһЦ
Цѽ۱ʻŪˡ
ΪʲôһҲ£ΪʲôеѧһҲ£
ʲôɫȻʡ
ɫһѧش𣬽ּһ䣬ǻˣ˵Ӧ
ɫڱ۱ʻȾ˰ɫȫͬѧشЦ
Ժһ۹⣬˵ĿжǾɲŮʺΣ
Ϊʲôеͬѧ˵ǰɫմѪΪʲôҶ˵Ƿ۱ʻ
ԽԽ÷䣬ðһƤ
ŮҺˮͷϴ֣ˮƣȾɺɫϴһ
ָɾˣͷЦЦʵǸܿɰŮУԺȴ
ʱЦݷǳ¡
ѧҲഺõĿɰ꣬ǵЦݱһֱУ͵ģ
ʱȴëȻ
֪ԼˣЩʵѪ
ֻ˹ɫʣҲ͸¶һ˿ء
Ժͬĸܣ˲Լͬؽֽһͬ
֮ġŮùĺڰڽ̨ϣͬʱȥȴɸɾ
Ҫ˵Ѫ۱ʻҲûУһոµĺڰ
ǾͷĿѣ
Уû°ɣѧǷɫԣĵѯʡע
˫峺۾һһ󷢺

---ȵ 

ظ[30]û£УָӴˣϰɣԺУϳ˽ҡ
˰칫ңУһ仰ʣǲΣ
ǵȻΣָͷ˿ڻһʹ
Уǰʱͷʶо½ʱԺѾһЩ
ֻʱУĻ볬ǵʱ̲
˵УѾ飬ͽԼ뵽˵˳
Уʱһ߰飬һƬΣѧϸ
С
ԺǣУʱδκ£ģҲǷ
ʣԼָѧҲδУȫһԲڵϣ
ǵϡʱûֻз۱ʺӷĹ
Ȼֵֹȷڷ۱ʴµС
УԺѾ˼·ֻе㲻š
ԺĽǣʱУͷ۱ʡѧӣཻ˽ɫҲ˵
ʱУʵݵǷ۱ʵĽɫѧݵӵĽɫȻ۱ʺ
ӾͰУѧĽɫ


ҲôġԺ˵꣬ͷΪʲôѧǿ
ϵѪأ
Ҳһֱ׵ġУ˵Ǵͽµһج
ΣˡǺФ棬ַ£
Ӷ½ᷢӹ顣
Ļһе֣Уô϶Һйأ
УٺٵЦЦҲΪйأ֪һڲ
顣
ΪԺҲЦͬһֻϺ꣬УպΡ
պΣҵʲôϵĪȻһ
飬ͨеĹؼȻ򣬡βĸ绹ǵܵܣ
˵⺢ӺܴУٺٵضԺ˵βҵһԶ
֡
ҲЦˣЩ飬ʵܼ򵥣УǺβõܣȻ
Ӻβ֪Լڵ顣
ҵĹ˵ˣ˵ˡԺ˵
û⼸췢ǵ鵽˵˳˵
ĹУλһʱȣһʱ˼һʱ꣬ʲôı鶼С
 ˵ĩˣرƵļļһ13۶ϵĺۼ
ľҲǡöϳ13顣ɺϣһֱеģ˼·޷
ץסҺУҡ
ΪƵһҲǺľӻཻ˽ɫУʡ
ĵͷֹƣ·ҲǡһֱҲ
Ľͣ˼·ͷƤ֮ԻĦǸӣУ
ָһģϰѻཻ˽ɫʱΪԼϰϵأ
ʵϰͷϵأͷȫĥˣذҲô
ٴĺۼϰֱһڵذƶʱµģֱͷŻ
࿪ѵĵط
ղᵽһжӸյѧŮѻױʱûл
ƯԭȵɫҲȥˣױʮƯҲԵ
Ժ˷ܵ˵
ǵġһֱķʲô飬ڿˡ
˵
ȷÿ춼˹£һƵľӴ¥
ˤ÷飬ΪԼˤڶֶУ԰Ī
ʧһӸյŮѷǼ£ģҵ
飻壬Ф£ͬʱβ˺͵Ӧˮ컷
ʱƵĳ棻·ϰѽ˽ɫգҲǽ죬
͹Ƴˡлкܶɵ㣬У߼ѧʦ
һЩΪʲôЩϣǲЩʲôͬ
δǷ֣ڶĿǰΪֹĹ֣ɫþ
ֹ¼֮ϵʲôͼĻҳʪӡ
ô£ģڻþ¼еһ˻þ壬Ӧˮ
Ϊʲôǵȵ23ĽſʼɫĹ¾ʲô
壿

---ȵ 

ظ[31]ĺԺͷ
У˵ô⣬һһȻǲ̫ʵġ¶һ
ԴȻβĵӻӦˮ컷Ǿʱ˶
Ϊʼٸߣ֣23ǷƵ鷢
ǵģԺ˵Ǹɵģôʱȵ
Ӧ¼ֻҪܹȷ¼ĸԴӭжˡ
Ķλ֮˵ôǾȥ˵ɣ

УԺһۣУ΢Цǲ档֪ͽ
飬ǻ֧ǵģҪעⰲȫбҪһᶯУȨ
ڻʱԽ֪Խá
ĵͷ
λģͳȥˡ

 ǷͬʱҲûšǼȻ
ҽң۷ٴϡҵȱȺ
ϵĵطҳӦˮ컷ʱϣϸоһ顣
Ӧˮ컷֣ϣҵص
 мؼ¼󲿷ֶǶۺͱ
൱һӦˮ컷ͬѧ廳ǵĻЩпԿ
ǰʮʵˣǶѺͬѧģҲܿϰ
ˣԵѡǵȥúܶ˸еѹвʹ
ôˣƺҲӦûôµƱ
ϱ߶߲˺øУ̲סп䡣
ˣֶ̾˿ɲĹ
 Ƶͷʾͬ˭֪һʲô״̬Ĵأ
 һ̲ͣصҳ370¼ʱǸ
Ȥݡ
 һƪӦˮ컷ĺҪᵽˣһ
Ӣ죬ǵʱں塢ȵѧ
 Ӣ鷢󣬴һԸӴ˱óĬ
 ѧѧУǴĴ֣Χʦͬѧܿ
ѧУʮֹܲѹѧˡ
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 ΪӦˮ컷׵Ӧ
ѧȻӦˮ컷ѲϢǱ㽫ѧΪ
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ǼǶԵ߿һĳɼʦУѧҵһֱ
ڣѵõǣǵΧѾﵽ7ˮƽҶΧ
ϻýʱѧУʦΪʥɭ򱻳Ϊա˵
ҲǼȡһ֪ϰߣʱΧȫ
Ųʡ˵һΣ壬ͻȻ˴꣬ƫƫµ
ż֮˶ɫһСʱֱֳʤž
ȵطԼʪ͸ˡԭΪר֣Ȼûע⵽Ѿˡ
 һǷʥƺţ
 ôһ˵ֶͶƶеӡ󣬵ǲʲôط
 Ǻβ˵ҹβᵽʥ˵۵壬˭
ҲǵʥĶ֡
 һ룬ȷô£ֻǵʱҶ⻰޹ؽҪĻ
ûȥβпʶʡ
 ϵ޷Ƕ˵ʺɭѧУĻԻ£鷢
ҵķӦѧȥһҲûҲ޴֪
Ƿ⵽
 תҹȥ23ѧУ﷢Ĺ£޷Щֹɱԩ֮
ģǰƺҲûʲôϵӺ23ǰ˵ˮ¼ҲϹ
ǲų23䷢¼Ϊ֪
 һ˵۾ƣͣʱ䣬ѾˡǱ
ȥʳãȳ˷˵
 ţֶȻиʲôԼϲȥͷһȴʲô
ûУĴһңʲôҲûôˣʡҡҡͷֹ
һ£ԡųԵûڣֱһ£ȥȴʲôҲûС
ɺëĵظ˽Ͷơһ˵̽ŵý˫
̧뿪˵档￴һ£Ҳûзʲôʼ
㺦£˽ģ֣́ͷһѩվǰ

---ȵ 

ظ[32]ѩ߸ո£ֶӵºȻܳһССĺӰ
ܵѩϣãȻֻè
 ղžҵĽŵ²ȥֶźèʡèۺӣ
ѩ΢Цһ㣬ֵֶֻèһ󣬶
ںȻһſ˯
 鵽ʲôʡѩФǰΪ
ʹҵͬѧ֪ǳ֮ǰʲôҲûɣһ
졢塢Եʳûκ쳣ĵطΪ˱ʾȻ϶Ե
Բ˫꣬ʱ򶼴飬³˺塣
ʲô壿Ȼ
 ںβĵӽĿУӻȫʧ֮ǰβи
ʮ˵ˡݺβ˵Ƕ˵Χ塣һֱ벻
Ӧˮ컷ΪʲôҪФ֣ڿؼֺܾ
ҪŪǣ23ǰʺɭµһǷҲԺ
ָա̻ʡ
æŴ̳ԵʱѩֵĽҲǡ
ֶⲿĹǣФͻȻѩ
ıС͵͵ʵָ޷ȷ˵򡣶˵һ״
ʾֽۺֳǧ֤֤㣣ǴδӴస
Ϊ˱ϲҪĲɣֻò֮
ֵĽۺĵĽȻһģ֤һûߴ·
Թֵһ23ǰǾ嵽ǷǺ;֡
е϶Ƕ˺µۣССһ壬û꾡
֮ջһ

---ȵ 

ظ[33]֪Ѿ㣬˶ͷ࣬ȫޣ֪һ
߷߳ļҴҵȻǵġ
齯˶˳Ժһ֪ģ̼
еѯʡĽǣȫȻǰ֪Ĺ¼ȫ
ѧϣȴУϣɼµӰ췶ΧԤҪöࡣ
Уڽɫ˵Ƕúеֻ벻
ʲôС
ҽҳȥ䣬֪ϸ֪
Ѿȫ͹˭˭⣬ķǳ
ֱ۵Ĺؼһ
ϿεĽҡڳ£УѾסκ˽ȥУ
ںһģһ绰ľ˳ؽȥˡ
һͨĽң̨ҵż۱ͷҺ󷽵ĵ
һ̲ˮˮﻹмˮݣӦþ˵͹Ƶˮѧ
ǲڣҿյģֻһŵϷ顣߹ȥ
һ飬ͼдŷ֡һϵǹ
ġ⼸һ飬ûзʲôرĶУ
ӶҡҡЩӶܽʵûɢܵļ󣬿Уϵ
ûݡڷλϣʼ벻Ǻ˶
֮ʲô֮ͬʹ¼ơ˵ĿҲǿտ
ҲʲôҲûСȻҪ뿪һע
Ŀʽ֣ԾǷʽڷ﷭ĳ
ڲ࣬һݺı񡣱ռ壬׳Сɣ
Ľ洦ֲźܶСڵ㡣Բʻƣɫ£Ʋ
áϸ۲һ£ЩСڵһʵĵģһǿĵġ
ĵȻʲôʵϣеѧֶһƵ
̡̲Χģ塣˿ϵս֣
ĺڵʵĺڵӵĶУֵ˫ƽ֡
֮ע壬Ϊ̵½дţ硢սڹԪ2003
1020ա
1020գǽ졣˿͹ȵп
ģν֮Ҳ޷ѡ
ڽϸһߣûٷʲô
̳ʱءסһ˵
ִƽ֣ѾôˡǼ򵥵ؽǵ鵽
Ҳע⵽˺Ĺϵ
Ŀǰ˽¹ʶһֺ֮
ÿζߡƲĻζӦˮ컷ı
к֡
ʦΧһÿм١Ȼһ嶼Է
ӮΪĿģҲⲻ˻к֡.һ뵽
ɳһ亹ѩҵ˵ǸϿͬѧǣǧҪ
ºˣ
ô˵ʲôɣ˵йĿЦʡ
⽫סˡȷ˵ȥֻûš
ûŵˣֻ˲аƫƫҪ³Ҳ
Ц
⵹пܣʦǲаġӢ˵Ǳ
Ȼ֡
ѧԴҲ벻÷ӣ̾һֻȥ
Ϻˡ


УԺҲĿ˵Ϻꡪ˼ѧ˵󣬺
ͬǵķҲ̬أٲǻࡣ
УҲ벻ʲôð취
ҵиӡԱ˲廰
ѧǽʱûע⵽칫һˣͻ
һ
Уİ칫һ磬Ǵ洫ˡ˵
תˡ
ˣһʮָߴüĿӢšһ
ͷ԰òƽֹ֮ȴһַȡ˺Цżѧ
˵ǸͷϸߵλվڽǰܸȤؿ
еͯӣܿɰ΢Цһ£ĿתȥУ
ôˣУǡ˶ЦؿУУ
޿κεһЦǴ
һ£ԱߵԺ˵λǵʦ
ʥաʺɭ

---ȵ 

ظ[34]ѩȵûһڱòףߵͨ
졣ȻûʣҲһƤʡҪ֪ǼѾ϶Ӧˮ컷
ȫ¼ߣʺɭûȻ߼Ϊ
ʺɭӦǵһĶڶûǵ۾
ԵվסšΪ㯣֪ൽʲô
Ǽֱеʧ
ǵͷϸߵʴЦĪǺϣ
Ѷ
ѧ˵£϶еҲסֻģְҵҪ
˲ɫı죺Уô£


Уķֺ󣬲ûҹʺɭ
ЩϵĳҪȷѾ֤ʵӦˮ컷
ߡյѧṩϵʽҹȥм伸չתϵ
ˡԭ뿪ʦ֮󣬽ĴΣڶСңֻ
ǱУ֪ˡУڵ绰ｫѧУǣ
̾͸˹
Һɭһֱúúõģûʲô¡ʸǡ
ǲǱʾǵĲ²ˣãȻʵ
ɭҡҡͷĶ˵βڵϿ龰ȷʵǵ
ľһģһңǸղ˵¹ʵ߶¹ģ
Һʵһ壬ҲǺ壡
ĿǰܹӦˮǹϹģҲֻкβһ̺壬
ɵ㶼޷𡣡ֶҲãȻ
ЦǸղһ취


ʵķʵܼ򵥡
Ȼм¼ͺйأֱӵ֤Ī
һ̺塣
ʺɭ׼һ̺塣
⵽˴ҵһ·ԣ˵˸ı˵Ե
ɣͼһˮǷжԳʲô
ɭǵǣйأʵǡ˵⻰
ʱɫʮȻ·˵¡
ˣ˵ʵֻ֤¼ͺĹϵ֤
ЩǷӦˮйأҲǺ޹ϵ
ôΪô죿ȴһ¹ʵķ

ҶĬʼ޷⡣
ɭ˳ĬҺʣ23ǰȣȻ
ȴҲûпױԭµɡôһֱѰĻᡣ
еˣǱǷ㽫Ҳֻǻ
23ǰľˡ
˵꣬˵Ѿں֡ɭһҪȥ
סֻ˵ǲûǷ˭Ϊûɱˡ
ʵһЦȺ͹ɱ𣿡
ʵס޷شԮУУĿؿ
߹˾ûиõİ취ˣλʲô⣬
ĳлˡ
һЦٲضԡֿʼˡ
֪˵ʲôҲûˣοҲǽ¹ʼٵ
÷ǹλ֣һֵУԺߵ
ļ磬۷ʲô£Ҫ˽ά
ѧУƽ
ʹѾϰ߽ĵףʱҲסЩʣ֪Ժ
˵ǽˡʲôҲ˵ֻͷ
칫ű׳գѩèҲࡣ
Ҳʷյһˡ

---ȵ 

ظ[35]ãԶԶشѧǻЦǺܺõ硣
ô뵽ͨķʲôأ۾⣬
һֵͷĹâ£ôᷢô¼أ
ֿھ۾ֵʥգǻô
Կǵˮʪ͸ɫˮȫŵ˺ˮ
ζôˣᷢµģŬοԼ޷
Լ
ĺѾˮʪ͸ˡ
ѩͻȻסƣܸоֻ΢΢˶
Էʪ䣬һۣӶԷǲ԰׵ɫԼģ
ҵɫǲĲ԰ףֻʺɭƽɫ
۵ǷʲôΪԵˡ
Ҹոһ£С˵
ˣҶ˵ȥ
˺üڿˮŽͰ͵˵ΪʲôһҪ壿Ҹ
²𣿡
Ŷĵе䣬ΪӦ˭Ҳ𱸵ؿ
ֶмغһ
ˣˢĺˣҲ˵˵ֵǮҵ˼
˵ҷһΣڻ㲻ǻ壡
˼ֶĻļ򣺡϶Σ
ҵһξΰ󣡡
뷨Ǻܺã΢ЦҲ֣Ǻ
壬Ҫˮƽſԣѱ֤һ³
źءŶһ˵
ֻϣǵƲǴġѩ˵
ǵǴģʺɭͲΪº
ҲζţǶеδ֪Ľ֣ǼѰҲ
޷Ԥһ¹ʻʲôʱ


---ȵ 

ظ[36]Ȼ˿ʼ뵽Ǽ£ɳһ亹ɫ
̫죬ҶףϽô¡ʺɭ˵۾
ȴд˿־塣
 ôˣɭ
 뵽һ顣˵룬ЩӦˮǲ
ûйϵָô죿
 Ļû˵꣬˵ɫѾˣúͽһҰס
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˵ӦˮǷ
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⵱ȻõĽ֣ҲʺɭһڴĿġ
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鲻Ӧˮ컷޹أҲΧ޹أôʺɭҲ
ǵĵص㡣
ڶһ֡
 ڶǣȻӦˮ컷޹أȴͺйء
ʺɭ¹ҲᵽΪֹ£ʺɭ˵
ֻ֤ʵ˺¹ʵĹϵûиİ
 ע֤һۣǲ̫ˣ
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һ¹ʵ
 е˶Ͷĸо칫ʿ䡣Уŵɤӣ
ҲҪģҲʥն..
 û˵Ҷּʺܵ͡
 ӦˮǸɵģɭͳ˵Ҳһжڽ
ˡ
 𣿴ҶԿЦѾĽˡ


 Ѱġ
 һ磬ʲôҲûзҴ绰зڰ칫ҳˣ
ȴ
 ɫˣ칫¥ְѾ°ȥ¥ֻʣǼ

 ѩȻҪϲѾߴϲˣûа취
һž
 ߵſڣûпƣе㺦£عͷԮؿ
ˡ˵עɭϣֻó
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Ͻĸ첲۾ǲס
 ˼ͻȻͣ˽Ųͷ컨壬ɫΪ֮һ䡣ѩ
ͻȻ׵ɫŻˣҡĸ첲ʷʲô¡
 ʲôҲ˵ֻ÷·һˮͷŵףȫÿϸ
ðź
 ȻػعͷųԼӰӡ
 йӰⲢֵ֡ǣֻм컨ϲһ
յơǸմӰ칫߳ʱǰӰ

 ȻѾ߹˵Ƶλã󣬹Ǵ
ճǵӰӦóǰ
 ǣӰȻŹķϵϳ
 ӿֲǣʱǷѾվŲӰȴ˶šָ
λõƶǴСڷ仯ڲϵسһͷ죬
У칫ſڣȻһ䣬ȥˡ
 ѩʲôȻԽԽľӰӽУ칫
ʱ̲סžж䣬ֹ
ȴԼҲڸżСһ߽Уһ߾ƾҪ
ǻĳһ㡣
 ǵĽ˰칫ҵǣֻ˵ڴѯʣô
ǻδüش𣬾ͼƹһ֮ǰȻһڡ˽ŵȫ
䣬סԷ֣ŵǽߣǽվ칫ҴһӺ
ҵУڴ˵ҲҪšĺֶڽŽ֡
˼ӣ΢һ㣬У˵ҲҪţ
ڵȽеǽҺѩ
Ȼǽڳ칫ƶƽʱҲͣ˼
Ӻ۾ѾӦڰʿһ㶫ʱѾȥüˣ
ǰһƬȵĴԿ·ƣȴһ
ҲûУֲָ

---ȵ 

ظ[37]Ȼ˿ʼ뵽Ǽ£ɳһ亹ɫ
̫죬ҶףϽô¡ʺɭ˵۾
ȴд˿־塣
 ôˣɭ
 뵽һ顣˵룬ЩӦˮǲ
ûйϵָô죿
 Ļû˵꣬˵ɫѾˣúͽһҰס
 ǶѾ뵽ʲôҲֻ֤¹ʺֵĹϵ
˵ӦˮǷ
 Ҳ˵ӦˮĻǱ¹ʾʹ˽
⵱ȻõĽ֣ҲʺɭһڴĿġ
 ǣȫӦˮ컷޹أͻһ
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 йӰⲢֵ֡ǣֻм컨ϲһ
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 ȻѾ߹˵Ƶλã󣬹Ǵ
ճǵӰӦóǰ
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ظ[38]Уžͽʵ֣û˻شÿﶼһ£У
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µͷҪյֻ֣ǽģǸǺãԽ
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ʲôҲҪءѩ
·һ˪ȫ䣬־ѻʺֻǳ
ѩĶߣŵֻȴȻǴ·
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ѩ㻹ôˣ칫˽ѯʡ˶Ѿ
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---ȵ 

ظ[39]ˮζڱǼ䣬һ뵶ƺˮں
мԼߡȻ䲻֪һ˫֣رס
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---ȵ 

ظ[40]ƹȻȴڸֳĸо
Ȼʵʣǻŵÿȴǧζ
ĺԺӽ˵֣Ҫַŵ˵ؿڣ
ԺͻȻüͷסһѸ̧ͷģҲһɻƺ
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е뵽֮ǰ¹ߵ״һ
Ǽ߶Զˮ½ȥ״ͬʺ
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---ȵ 

ظ[41]¹ȻΧйأǵۣʺɭҲӦǺ
ǰһ¡
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ô
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顣ҵʵڲˣֻϻһ±Ҳٲȥ
û뵽һ£Ȼµô£ͯӹȻ鴫

---ȵ 

ظ[42]һδüӦͻȻһèСѩż
ֻè仹棬һߺèһ˳ȥڵ̸
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ظ[43]賿6㣬һжѾԤ׵Уͷֻèһ10
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ֹܹѧУѧ壬˭Ҳ޷Ԥ⣬һȴȫУʦģֽʲ
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޷ȷǾʹֹǻ
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ֺܿˡ
ϣܹƽȥѩ𽥰ȥգ૵Դһ
һÿ춼ֵ鷢һܵĵһ죬ǲܹ
ضȹأ
ʺɭܹã
еⶼܹõ
ʣеȵҹҺ˵صУ˯
ˡ
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ĵһٶȥǵ
»ῴʪܵʬ塣
ʺɭȫУϢޱʵʵϴ˯
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ҲˣһҲû١
ǲһڹȥˣǸϤġƽֻˣ˵롣
У԰ʼ֣ǻӰӣʦ
ˡ
ûһֵĳ֣ԸһжѾˡ
ǣһһַ·һ޴ķţÿ˵Ժ
ڡʹģʹɻŵȷ˸ˣһֻ
ſտյĻ
ǡһǡۡζǲֹۡ
һƺƽضȹˣûǷй·˭Ҳ
ȷˡ
ڶᷢʲôأ

---ȵ 

ظ[44]˱УϳʱǳˡУʱذڳʦ̬ȣ˵
ѾһΣػصáѧﻹ˼ϿΣУ
̬ȷǳҲȷʵʲôֻȥϿȥˡ
ϿʱǸΧͬѧۣмһ
ȫУ¼Ҳ׷Ƴְ汾νĻ
ǶֻԶﴫˣûµ鷢
һȷʵ¡
磬ֶϿϵһʱͻȻľ
ڵڶѧ¥ϿΣҴѧУţڴڵͬѧָŴ
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ʻУſվѧʦΪÿһ
ͺХУڿȥˡ
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طֶͬʱ⡱һ£˶ʶλ
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ǡûΣ·δڴϢһ߿顣Լ
ңͻȻһžľͷȼͬʱһȵŨ̴¥µĴ
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 ôģȺз·ǽ
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ңͻȻһžľͷȼͬʱһȵŨ̴¥µĴ
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ʹ죨ҲаŰֶ԰ףǰûм
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ߵ·Ҳǳһᡣ˫ԶʶԷ
΢һܣһˡǺδⳡֵ
֮һ˵ʹֻýø衣
ڶһˡ
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ſʱһλͬѧײһһͰˮһԳһȼյ齽ȥ·
ͬѧľٶΪŭλͬѧҲܲ˼ʱұûһƬ
֮УǽںͼҾ߶ȼգⱾڷſڣһ
Ӱ첻˻Ĺؼʱ˷һͰˮȥһ
ֱǸڴӡ
Ȼ龰޻˵ȴÿҪסˡ
һͰˮϣϵĻȴ˿Ӱ죬ֻ΢Ծɼ
ʢȼš
ͣڳͬʱͷΪȼܵͣˮ޷
һո˴ͷҲֻͲžе˶
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ʦ˲żüãʹȻڻ£һ֮ڰɫĩ
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ҲǱˮ͸飬ѱ˻ҽ
Ҳ֪Ǻãڴʱˡ
˵ܳʵϣǷ𣬵ͣ¥£䲻
߷ӵʱ䡣
߷һѾճ˻ҽǽҲҡҡ׹յٶ
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---ȵ 

ظ[45]·Ŀɿڴۿһʮڱһѷ

ûʲôܹȼյôѸ٣ʹͣҲյô

ʼ¥ȺɢʱΨһܹȼյĶֻʣ
ذǽˡ
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ǽǻṹˢһ׷ۡǴǽȼġ
401Ҷͬѧģǳ嵽401ʱ䶼Ѿȼ
ˡƷǽҪȼյö࣬һĻֶǴȼ￪ʼȼ
ǽֻͨѬڰˡ
ǿǣܶһǽԵظŴ
Ļ棬ǻԲƷȼɵģΪЩŭŵľ޴󻨶䣬
곯ſǽӡ
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401ҵĴڣֻǻѾյûˡ
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żѧɹڴ̨ϵ··ķ紵òϳеȥȴʼ
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ȥ˨ˮܡ401Ĵڣȼš
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Ŀ֮£ǻһֱǿõֿˮȲҲɢˮ
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ͨĻϨһǿĹ̡ȻȴϨúסǰ
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ǰպڵǽ֣Ҳһʮֵĸо
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Դ˿Ҳͬ˼ͻȻü䰲
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Ȼʼ۷׷ס
û̫ˣΪʲôպڵǽڸ˹оԭ
401ҴڵıԵֲűպڵĺۼⲻֵ֡ǣպ
Ĳ֣ڴܱγһľΣͺ󴰻ΧΪͿһȦɫ
߿߿֮ǽڣάԭְ²ɵɫű
ֱͺóһֱԾɿǿΪɺϵĻô޷
͵ľ߿Ľǡ
߿ĽǣǱ׼ľʮȽǡ
֪ƾȻ֮ǲγı׼ļ״ġ̽
ʱ̫շźоͰ˼ͼΣΪͼǻ
ĲȻôɶ칤Ҳ޷ﵽ˹硣
ǻ
ǡ
ǰνͣ
401ҵĴǸڿзĿʹԷֿ

---ȵ 

ظ[46]һֵĻ𣺴ǽڿʼȼաȼٶȼ졢ûпȼ
άǿơηˮǣ·ǻۣѡҪ
յĿ꣬رΧ401ңûб
ѬڡˮֵĻѵһֱ˼ġ
۶ֶһۡǵڶۣôζ
ʲôأ
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ôˣֶע⵽ֵĿ⣬ѯʡȫһƺ˼л
ҡҡͷɫе԰ףûʲôҲ˿û˵ʲô
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ࡣ˵˼ӣУֽУƿƳеǰԸһЩƳ
֯ѧУıԱһڷסκ˶׼ڡѧз
һ
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ô˵˵Ʋ˼ЦЦ룬ⶰ¥
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ֶ˵ʱƵĻû˵ֻ꣬εֶһʣ
ϽȥǷûУⶰ¥еĹ¶һҡ
ôһ˵ϸһ룬Ȼˡ701ҡҲǶƵ
ҷ601ң401ҡ̧ͷ¥ϿǸںڵĴ
ڴ¥У¥·ֳɽȻȷֵءڴ֮ϵ701601
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ʣ뵽ʲô˵Ҫպôָᣬ
¿401ؽƣĿͣ501ҵĴϣһȻ
ĵͺ˵

---ȵ 

ظ[47]ǵģ˶뵽ͬһ⣺һеĹ¶һҡ
ȷʵһ¼Ĺɣô501ҲӦвͬѰ¼ֻ
ǲ֪ˡ
701ҷ׹¥¼601ҷ·ϰ¼401ǻ
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ˡ

---ȵ 

ظ[48]ǽֶѣȴϵһЩ飬Щ鷢ʱУ
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---ȵ 

ظ[49]ǲ֪½ٷǵ飬ֻǽ½ٷǵһͨ
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ˡ

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