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ǸĴʧˣܴܺĴҡҡλεĻصλȥûײʲᡣ 
ԼǲûÿζŮҪģɲ£Ȼ˵䣬ǲʣ˰ɩ 
ԭڣλŮǸŮĻ䣬ʵڽйճ⿡εףȴǸûûεˣ˵Ĳɵģϸ֣Һܡ 
ɴ˵ǻˣαعĨǣȫǿദ˲֪¹ީŮǺܲġ 
ʦûͽ˽ҡͷһ߸ӵкȥתУļⷴװʱֵ֣ᱻ̵Υ͵֡ 
һǽܣͬѧתЩ 
˾ںڰд֣ 
úദڶŵĿλȥ 
ļⷲǸһװ˵˧磬ܻ磬ʱʱ¶΢ЦŮʱȫûʱҰ 
ǣǡǵڶŵģλԱߵǸ 
֪ݡλӶҪˡͽ죬ڡ 
ʱͿͬ 
ã𣿡̧ͷ𣿡 
һʡ 
ʵ,Щ˵,뿴. 
һ亹 
ʱͷŮıۣ뵽һ쩤 
ǲŹʲңͶ䡣 
Թ޵صͬҲ֪ʲᡣ 
Ը뿴Ķ 
ǣ¶ͬһľϲ,Լ޵΢Ц 



[] 

ֵطɵĴӳ 
ǰǳ缯ϲĵͳ·ũߵũլǸͻأıȺ 
Сʱ·̣͹һͿĳ⳵ѣ㶺ļ¿˵˾䣺ɡĪĻ,Ͱˣ 
ɫڻؼҲҪʮ治֪ⷰʲģ 
ֺ˷ܣӲק߽ 
ðʧļⷴһڴһլǰվס򿪴ţ˵ 
Сһ 
Үְ氡Ͳûͷߩûһͨ˻װ޷ݵģֱװƬ̨ 
صɴ¾ɵļҾߣ⿴ϲǺľļ˽еϢִȴĥƺǳԶˣƵ齰ڴǰĶݻȴѲȥԶ֮УڼϴĶǷҶһƬֻ̣俴ǽϦϦںδ 
СӲͨǮЩ˰ɣҲͨ񾭣롣 
ȴʧĿûʲ𣿩ʲо 
ҵĸоǩԴһ⣡˵ҺǺÿǣЩס˲񾭲𣿡 
ʧԼ¶飺ûϳ˯齣ᣬɴҲЩƫҼһģһɫʽЩ᲻ǵã޶ԣ 
ˣֺǲף ҼĲǵ˩ 
СʱǩֹͻȻЦˣ˵ɣʱĻûд 
ι㲻Ҫ˵ЩĻ𣿩һҪ˵ǰʶ,˵ʲ˰,ֵʲ,ǵ----,㻹ǻЦ,ⷣ뷨Ҳ̫֣ҿɲ㷢裡Ϊϲߡ 
סֱۣҪߣ 
֪ģҪסҲҪߵӣͻȻʹ 
ⷣñ𣿣 
ֵоܹϣܱȻõ˸裺 
ֻؿ࣬һ޿࣬һز 
ֻؿ࣬һأǧɳһأտݹǡ 
ֻؿ࣬ǰƽֻؿ࣬Ϳ 
ǧŵįѭֻؽԿֻ࣬ؽԿࡣ 

Ī˸֪ΪԷķٶΪǸıζ 
񾭲 
ҿǺܷѧġٲӦңֵָɿ 
йϵ𣿡ҧ 
ҵĸ裡һӡںܾúܾǰ 
ʱ﷢࣬Żµĸо 
вҺةǸ񾭲 


[] 


ɽǸɮ,ɫƤ,ӵ,з糾֮ɫ,ȴڲȥʤļᶨ 
Ųͣ£Уƺɽ 
ĶһκҲûУǲ˼ġ 
ᣬǸӣȻʲָֻ֣ǸСĻҲܲƵǽӲӵķȣӦʮأľɡ 
Ǹͨнɮˣ˵ᣬƺЩѰµɫüĵһǣԳر 
ɽһƬ֣»û죬ȴѺ׳ۣһƬɽҰݲľúиеϤԺķ죬һĵط죬ҲɽѪɫա 
ºˡ 
ɽͷĿĵء 
ɳɳ졣 
ʲᶫС͵ľģĵһЦֺɧҶڷƮ䣬׷꣬һϮԽеͷصҶȥ̻һĨ졣 
˭ 
Ǻʵ⣬ȴȡǸŮܽģ̫ЩƷ䡣 
Сɮģʩǣ 
ĩ֣ҺϲǰƬҲմȾ 
ŮӺǺǵЦĻҪЦңȪк 
һԣǲǺң 
ŮӷĽţ䴹Ȼţɫ׺ϸ𻷣һܵײԼƺֻǴ 
ʩһ᣿ 
һûһߴˡŮǳǳЦᱡ֦Ҷ¶ڵĳ 
ߴˣ˫ƺʮлʩ桱 
ͷߣȴϷʵңСУ 
վסˣ 
عȻؿֻ㣺ʩкηԸ 
Ҫæɲԣ 
ʩ뽲 
ͷ̧òã 
в̧ͷ 
ԭˣȻ룬СУ㳤ÿ 
벻ľȻһ䣬֪Ӧԣֻޱ顣 
ϧһſεʵҶģ 
òǰҶüĿ¶һ˫ߵֱֱۣջ 
Բ۾ˡ 
Ůҩ˷˳ŭɫ 
ǸŮҲ˩α 
ЦͣҶ϶䣬׷ꡣϵҶɳɳ죬ģ˵Ķ䲻ġ 
Ҳģĩ 
ϸӰһȫˣֻĺ·ɫģǰ׵ɴǺɴ۴䣬ǰķΡ 
ŵĴǲĿ 
β֪ʲ᣿ 
ǶǸŮҡ 
жԼҡҡͷʰæңָȻɫƽ·ˡ 


춵˼ڣǸ߸ߵƷдּ 
ĶʱͿˣҪҵǡһ˷ּ 
ȷԼû·סһ˺ʮ˼ңԭһ᣿ 
ûûУһֱһֱǽз磬ּĩţ˵ѣʲƵģͷҲشҴˡ 
ͻȻֱ֣ϣҪеĹкܴĹϵ 

[һ] 

ʦʦһҪҼŮ 
΢ֵ˼һ,ɮ䡣 
⻧˼ңҶ£˵񡣰࣬춻ǲǷ񱻱ɮ? 
ָ׼ǸĻ˭Ҫ˭ 
˱ҡͷ߰ͷʦŮѾֻһˣΪ֣ 
̣ϵŮǱƵĿݣͶá 
ؿŮ͵۴ˣ 
ŮչһЦݵ˯ȥˡ 
ʦˣˣϸ׾ϲĽл 
Ǻķ֪Ļش𣬡ʩĪȵϣҹ 

ҹֻܾʣ»·⴦˼䡣 
ǰ£Ժеһȴŭѩҹɫз 
ԭǾʢĿǳ 
˭˼ҵŮԣ˭˼ұһһ᣿ 
Ȿûһһ 
һұҷ΢£ڰǻ 
вΪϥ˫ĿգׯֻǸʮ꣬ü䣬·סһ㣬ϣⲻݣǸĵף¶̤벽 

һĺ 
ۺ죬ģᱡУң˭ҲҪһȻĲ 
Ĳüĵĺ뷢ϵķҲϸ΢޷ԶԽԽ 
 
һǳЦ֪Ӻδ 

էһ龳ҡӰӢͷס 
̧ۿȥںһ 
˴ۣȴʺ£˿׺񣬰춿裬ɢϵסһ˰ףµʺɫ̻¶࣬ǻ㹻ƫƫ¶𪾱ǣظ˵ɫ 
ȻǻҪϲƷ˵ò۽üҵĹ 
ǵ 
о÷ǳϤһɫһߵջۣͺ䣡ȫֻСֻŮֲ̬ûдѹȸС 
֩ȻǸӡ 
еı鲻ǾԱ߻ָϣֻǷǳ𾪣Լ۾ 
Ȼ 
ᣬ˭˭ 

ʮ֮ңվصĺڷһɴ°ҡҷƮ¶˫㣬˳Ⱦ 
һϸĽ壬ⲽСС޵ϷƵӦеķȡ 
λСʦҲһ𣿡΢Цʡ 
ӵᣬͦΣͶ䣬˿ 
ɽŮ˭ 
ǵüĿΪʲ 
ѵֲֻһͷ 
ڴ˷ 
ľ飬һɫĹһȣڵճһнۡ 
ԾȥٿɢЦ⣬ֻרעĿĵ 
СУ̧ͷҿ㣡ӵ͵ͽ±ȴȫеĶ 
ŭĿ㵽Ǻηľ𣿡 
ȴааЦȻңǰʱСʦ͸òµǸɣȴǿѵΪŮҵģͦϧ𣿡 
ǶĶıûˣ˵Ϸˣڲæ裬ҪĶɱˡ 
Ҫָ侲ֵҾ˵ˣſε㿴һ԰һҹ£СʦôɫĲź䣡 
ĺǽ¡վץȣһȥ 
ź׵ӰԾɱܿһƬѲμ 
ܲ׽ģֻ仨һĨס 
ΪκβһСС 
㣬Ǿβ 
кȻʲᣬһӶغ 
վе㾪ȣȻаȵɫ̹Ȼ 
µòСеҲʶ㣬зң˰еľβܶԸ֣ 
βϡе֮֡ĺǵһΪгɣ仯Ů̬֮֮壬èͻ֮ 
뵽û뵽Ƿƥе⡣ 
оģһƭ衣 



[ǰ] 


ۣͷֻۣ뿪ӣʵȥ 
ְˣƷš 
ʵǣƽǲ˵ġ 
ǸϣǰһƬ 
᲻װľţ俪ʼȲ裬Ƚ 
ϲ򣿡 
ң 
ϲһ𣿡 
 
ǷҶأ 
ᡣ 
ϲ齡 
ֻ˱Ƚ·׳޿㣬ѧУҡ񾭲ˣƺٵЩ˧ȽϿҵĺꡣ 
ȥѧУȽӭ 
䣬Ҫ濪⡣ 
ðɣ˵ʲ˵İϵıҸ£ʾⲻ֪ģʵǣ˼ 
Ǵкֻ΢΢һ򶨵Ŀڡ 
䡣 
ɫӣⰭ𣿡 
Ϊʲ䣿 
ɫεĻش𣬡詤ɫӣȻүүġ 
Ǽ𣿡 
İ˵Ǽףġ 
Ϊɫ𣿡ǳЦ 
ҿߣʲἪģ 
Ҳǡ˵ 
˵ʲܾǰ 
ǣֻء 
¶ȶĵ顣 
˵ǰʶ飡 
кֻչеЦˣҳ£ſڵĳϿ˯һ꣬Ϊ¾ͿˣһҲûС 
ǸǼ𣿡 
Ǽףӻ 
𣿡 
أ䣿 
ѧУһɡǫ˵ʵûùڶ 
оγ̡ 
ܣȣûƶȰɣ 
ҩء 
ŭĿ 
ֺܸɴףǣأ 
㣬ŶͯȻǷӣӲǺձ󣬲ܹ 
ңһͻὲûվǰҾͻˡ 
¼ĳûĹֽе 
䣬ʱǵʲ᣿ 
ʲ᣿ 
ҪҸˣһҲһֻصϡ 
 ң 
žˡ 
ȷ 
ֺҾȷˡ 
Цİɣ 
ߵ 
㳤ĺǰǣҺˡҲѾϲҡֵ΢΢ꡣ 
ǰûᡣбһĲˬ 
ǰˣƽ͵죬Ҿúܲ˼顣кȻƽ˵ 

紵ɴѵĩڰˡ 
Щ䣬ɪһ¡ 
վһףļͷ 
һŴʽװϸĻֻֿǼɫۣǴȴƺֵƣ롣 
ֵ˲ıˣ¶˵ı飬ǿ 
ܩ𣿡ʡ 
ǰһֵ͵͵˵ 
پһԽͷԼûߡ 


[ҪҪϸ˵ͷ] 

һ꣬Ǻ°۵ƮҡС 
ŵⲽ,ϸ,ܰ˵Ļǹ 

欵̬,ٵɮŭɱ⡣ 
һнӡо̤һ̾ͱ׷Χ 
һ˲䣬ı̽ 
ĺҼܶ෨ʦηɮˡûɫĹ⡣ڻ˿δ𣬰ɫУϾġ 
ĸеǰδеĴܡ 
ǰշֻҪһ⣬ŵİ 
ȴ磬ίʵǿþˡ 
󷨻ڼ߶ѾǵھˣĶϽ߳ˮ忪ʼ 
СУ㲻лɳˣ 
һӣлȱһ硣ٿ䣬ӰԻʧ 
һѰ٣֦ 
һӳԣǣʤѩҲ֣ȴɡ 
͵۹սȺ粻˭ʤ˭ܣֱôǽǡ 
еĶȴƷˡǲòֻҪһҪԭְڣ 
žɫվһ¡һǧȴû׼ͷ 
Ȱȷģ겻ƿϧѸ͡ 
лˣǾͲˡ 
Ҵ֣Ǻܺı飬ǰȥ 
ֻǰһƬʺ죬֪ʲᡣ 

էһ糺죬ѩ׷ɣ 
ʲ᣿һĻգ 
ϸᣬڴϣǳǳԶ 
ĴͲ֪һǿƷģ֪һ㡣 
޳Ө׵ָմŲתסǰ 
⧲ɰԭҪ 
һѣΣȫʧȵ촽ѹԵأӵǿӲԵȴһ޵㡣 

ϣԼȥ 
ƽĶҵǱһ֩ǱһөǼҲԱŮˣһǹģ֮ 
ŨƾƣҵĴ뿪ʱĳԼĿһ㩤ֱ£ûбˣ 
СУ㳢ȣĲһյıҪ̫࣡һͩʵǲСģСŵһ𣿡 
ĵвԤУʲ 
¶ּȼаı飺ûʲᣬģֻһ 

罥ֹ˲ŵۣŵˡ 
ɫȻ̬Ȱꡣ 
ʦǲãĵ 
˵үȱæһغϣƺûʤ 
ѵղ㿴ˣ 
Ȼһ⣬ſڵǺɱڵĿɱ꾫ȴǻ㣬˶ߣַɵߣζһǸһ 
ͷѵ㻹ˣϣʦЩȡʤŮ 

ǰҶҪշ㣡Ȼ 
ֵ䣬΢΢ü 
׵̻¶һˡ 
˵ѪɫзشĿġ 
ֻһۣµذ˵ֲصȥ 
쵽ΪֹɽҰ񣬲ʲڣ͸ˡЦ 
һУһ׹ꡣ 
ҹɫȻʱϵĻֶʧȥټ·Ǹξ 
£Ƕϵ񼣣һԺ 
ǣֵ֣סǰǿҵ̻֮ͷš 
βܶԸ֡ 
ϧٵɮ˲˽⡣ 

[] 

Ƶ΢Ц֡ 
СӿѾһˣƺл˵ϧ˵ԥ˲Ըƺʼüѡ 
˽¿ֱҪʱˡ 
ϣԼûĪķӾûԡȻؼҲǳ档 
ȴӸղŵξѾǰˣԼû֮ǰɹ־ 
˼һ£룬ɣǰ࣬Ҫڿս벻Ҳ򵥣ϲķ־ͿԣҲˣǲ׷ʮꡣ 
֪ڵ뷨һᾪһ亹ϧ֪ıι֣ҵĳҲǹŴģ 
ܣˣڳԣ˷ǳڡ 
㣬ֻҪеóԾͿ롣 
ᣬǵȥɣ 
˼˵Ǯ˵ĹǺܶģǾĻ 
䴩ָףһʲ׶ëףܱȻҲǶԽйʽּ®еķˡ 
ɫȫܺóԵӣǣǩȫصģ 
زˣϲ଼տ⡣ 
Ƶ΢Ц˵ְʳ𣿡 
ЦЦÿˣۻ˽òͬǸϡеӣԿһһܣŮӭ 
ҡǰϰˣҲĲԭд㣬֪㡮ǰͺܰ⡣˿ʼ˵ЩֵĻˡ 
ɥĶ꣬ 
ҪҪȸСƣʱִջ΢Цʡ 
óССĺɫ̳ľ翪侪ˣȻȾƣ꣡ 
ı֪ʲᣬ˵䣬ǰǰ޽ɣΪúģھȻҡͷָһǱɷϸģǽڷָƵǰ 
ɫƣӨ׵δɱ˵ľ㡣ͶкЦһĿˡ 
Ҹ㱣ܣԿڵġ 
ֻȹơƶѣȰ˵˴ЦǽסջССĳһڡ 
죡죬Ǿ 
˼˵ҺݵãƼֱ˼еģ΢࣬ȴ˲ɢŨ㣬ѩڰ㣬ͣ΢΢ϸϸĴ·ĵҷ˵аȲࡣȻͲ֪ԼĶˣоԼ˯ʢŵһ 
ϡֵڶߣľƣû֣Ҿͽҡ 
ңңǺֻ֡ĳؽ˼ǧֻ֣ 
Ķ䣬ૻңɻڣ 
ϧ䣬Ӧ 



[] 
ĳѨǳ 
İȥֻ溮ﴩʺ. 
,һ˶á 
һ 
ϲģΪʲϲȴǲԸˡ 

Ʒǳúȣ΢УСеĴ 
μ棬ԭû뵽һˡ 
ԺɮˣħģԶŵϵζζ͸糾ƺƯõߣǰļ䡣 
ֻʱʱ򣬱ӱڻ飬Źζǲǵģζ̫Ϥ̫ϤͲס 
ˡ 
Ϊ̿޵ζһǸߵġ 
룬Ĳǰ׺ͷȴǸϡеꡣ 
򾲵Ϣ񣬲ӦһĶϵһɰסĶͷɾۡ 
һҲ񣬿ǣΪʲҪأ 
ϷŪһӣѵǼ 

аЦˣζƣԶԽ 
걾˾ģΪβ䲻ǱҪȴҲȤ֮һ춷ͬ˼ڶഫһȻڴ֮¡ȻȹԴǳϧǼʮֺɮȴѵ 
Сеľغһζһ 
ԭ𣬾ȣζڡʱǹ⣬ζմȾˡ 
˰˵޷ɣ 
˼Ǻţܲˡ 
ֻǳһЦг 


΢¶ûеƣǼ仪ķ䣬ƽһѬ㣬ζŨҡ 
ҲŲݼռζռ 
ζһֱħ 
˼ٱĿڣҲ˿ûȥ 
·壬˿˿ۣ 

ʲᶫ 
ûʲᣬģֻһ 
ǼЦüаһǰĵ 
 
ϴᣬվͭǰ յĿԼס 
ϲ㩤ÿε 
ϷŪԭ 
ÿЦɡ 
дû˭˵ԼĺÿҲӲ⡣ 
˱飬ĿϬ׺ħͬħĽգɫɮĽ׳壬ԺУʵ͸ߴ󣬴ʮ꿪ʼηҲ²ٵ˺ۡ 
޵壬ףȴϷ 
˽⵽Ǽ̬ⷵȾ͸ԺѺһḡòģ֮죡 
а 
ҽзңܶԸ֡β 
ԣʲ᣿ 
Լ֪ʤָ죿 

ס΢΢̾Ϣн⿪´ɮ۴Ӽͷ䡣ȴȳƽʵļֳһ 
Ĳھп 
ǻ滯ɵ־ǰľ֮ 
ɫϵʢںɫƤϣ汳Ͻ˶ļɼһֱβռȻԶȴԾұɰɫ 
ĻǵõʱʹʱǸӡ 
ĸͽеĺ˵ǵĺ߷ԵʱͺԥϳԵ 
رĺӣԺС£Ͽϱǡ 
ıǣǺ?
˵ģΪɮȡǷǰţ˼ҪһԷ࣡ 

ľñϵĺȼʹ壬ȴ 

ңΪ˽ѽȱҪҳħն󣬺쳾һجԿɽ 
е齥ƽׯϣʱһ徻 
ۣʼоģóݼռĶ 
Уϵյúȼһ 



[] 


ĴлǸ,Сķвħ,ȥ򽼵Ĳ. 
ηǽԺ 
ڷּıɽϣɽĺҶգ׳۵һƬŨ̡ 
ͻȻָһĵ֣ʵȴ֪Ϊδǰĵǡһûкܶһ 
ȴԺܽǾɽ 
綯Σѹٵжߡ 
һãغ١ 
Ůӵ峺չһ˿̻ 
Ĳˡ 
첽ɽ·Ǵﴫ 
Ȼ½ڶߣٶǸڵ࣬ԽȴǸŮ 
Ů죿 
Ǹ裬ǵʱʱ˵Ĵƣӡ 

ֻؿ࣬һ޿࣬һز 
ֻؿ࣬һǧɳһغհ׹ǡ 
ֻؿ࣬ǰƽͿ 
ǧŵįѭֻؽԿֻ࣬ؽԿࡣ 

Ůӳһ Ҳǰȴûнȥ 
֪泪˭ˣţҪһµĵˣǸ֣βҡ 
ȻֻһŮӵȴܻǴĵ˲ࡣ 
Ӧýȥȥɱ׵ģڵԼǰȫˣշǾܡ 
Ҫȥ𣿽ȥʵΣյġ 
ٵ􋖋ţȴƳһ̾乴ǵĪ춴ˡֻҪӣ¶λˣлˣ̲סҪŽȥο顣 
ĲӣǺУת׼ȥ 

㲻ҪɱΪʲ᲻ֻֻع 
ģɣԵҵţ޷ܾ 
ˣ˹ɱʱҲ㶷ȫ䱸ٴתߡ 
ҵģҵֺۣŮӵ΢Щװģвͣ 
ɱһ²ؼӰΪ˭˵ģεȴеģȻͣȴһа 
еüͷһӾһ 
ģζ˩ǲʱʱңҵĻû˵꣬ԺƾɵŰһ졣 
ŭĿǰ 

[ ] 

ԺİѾãԲݴ 
Դ°׳ۣ筺,¶ǵȻ 
ϥһܺĹ٣ֱߵһ¯㣬ֱ߷̳ʹ롣ģȻжٰͥԺ,ȴЩ졣 
ŭȡ 
Ϊʲ᲻ҷңкֻܶ࣬һЦɫϷʣ˿ûѶԷɱС 
һ̳ƣ̾Ϣһû뵽ɣ㣬ԵɺϣҲûˡҪҪһȾƣ 
ĵĹѵз֮ҡ 
ףóһɫҺҺɢɻֱġ 
˿һǶȴŵŨҵ˵Ϥ 
пݵüһ˿ƣ 
ЦζҪ⣬ҵϧϧĪǽƣֻһŴһ㡣 
֫Ӳ 
ֳ˻ٹһƣģֻҪһ㱣ܣû˻֪ 

Ҳװװҡ䱸ĵ 
Ȼģðκˡ 
ƣ˵˺ûȬϸϸѪ˿΢覡 
֪ԼһȰ㣬ȻңǾͻǷˡʱսҲˬ죡 
뷸ƣҲζ 
ԥ䣬۽ 
Ѹݣ·һȻĵǰȴ׵£аĵ¶һЦ 
Ԥıɫúûɵһҡ 
˼,˲ᣬڴżϡ 
ӯѸ,ֱ硣ͱƽֱס 


㩤ȿȣʲᣡ 
ľˣڵΧĿóȣ޷ 
Ǿβȴֻñָǯˣɭ̹ǣʱö 
νĽⶾɲǹȾƣҪϣСС 
Цаָ촽 
첻 
Ӧģǿǡ 
ҧпζиеѪ 
Ժ̻֣ȴûнǿӦ졣 
ֻǽֱ壬һʱǿԿ 

Ĵ뿪ʱ΢ЦԽȻалаյ̣СУֻһûõģöϼ˲źã 
ɵĴǿº 
ӣ;ʹֶΣ 
ɬֵܹһǱأһȴǴ˾Һ 
ɬģûʲζڻ壬ѩ춺޼Ѱ 
ȻᩤЩԾˡ 
Ծģ촽ɲȴɣٿȥЩѣΡ 

֪ʱ˽˴ڰУֵ۾Ĺ⡣ 
ɳʣʲ᣿ 
һֻһѣ 
ϵ־Ϳʼ֡ 
ʲ᣿ 
жʱǱǳƿִչӣȴ˿ʵǰأĸоԼһӵĻ 
˹Ĵ 
о΢΢ȩ֪Ϊ˾ƣǱʲᡣ 

ζΣϸܵĽëɨеü⡣ 
ɺߵ˫ǰᣬʪþĶû㱡 
ӦʲҲѵȻ 
ǰҲй֣ҲҡβȻ֣ 
ϵɰն⡣ 
ͬһʱǱȼ䣬ݺһѡ 
һУϵĹʱš 

ֺĶĴûйʹ߳ܣϾ˼һֻǰڵסʥӡ 
ͷһƬ䣬һֹĿϮ壬г 
ʲȵĶӶͷֱգ䡣㸡Ѫ 
ᣬȾѪ֡ 
ֵۻް䣺Ҳûʲ˲ҵѪͿȫסһҵ˿ڱˡŪжѪ˿ֱĶ˽ȥҲøˡ 
ĵһ˲ɶǵͨ죬ƿ֣ûгɹ 
ſ㵽Ҫ 
УаĵЦҪľ 
֪˾ֻͨһְ취 

͵İڵأĵĿֻܽͷֽžǲǲֻñս۾ֵлɳˣǵĵֿȴֹݵͷͱɵָ 
ס֣İУһ˻Ƶĵͺ 



[] 


һס֣Ͳ. 
ڱ䳱ʪש,ԼӮȥģһŮӵģ! 

Ȼ̽ĵɮۡ 
ٵķ̵ļϣķǳУͷսĨϽ糺졣رǰϸС΢ͻָĽӲ,һһص̣ίʵ˳ɰ 
˵꣬һɫƤܹĥֽ˶ǽʵļ绹΢΢ĸ¾ɵ˰̣꾪˵ҵ 
Щµģ 
ŭԼģҲꡣ 
ΪɮǲģԺѵı 
ԥµɮۣ־˿аĽ¼˺΢΢¡ĻɫԼĴʧ 
ƺǸо͵ضѹֵ˳壬ֻʶӡδͱ׽˻ 
ѳʱķȶ⣬һѹƴһ߰һ˿ҡ²ѵ߷ߵüҪιȥ 
ڰУɰı̻¶ǰ 
ĿǷϸϸĦȥļϲϸܺ飬ɫұס 

ֵĺ΢΢٣һĨްөĵĶϸֿˣҲӦøԸģ 
գδƵ 
µı·춻ҡҷĺɫ£֪趯βգ 
ɬ˶ģĻǸ 
ָסļΣϸϸҧɰҶ׺죬⻨ұʤա 

ҵ˫Ľļϸխβ 
⼸ûбļ쳣ĻۣĦ൱ 
ȴٵĴϢĶֻʹࡣ 
ûκ֮⣬һ˽ǴûմȾڡ 
ĸѿֱܹһգ΢΢͡ϾٷգֻŪƬ̧̾ͷָͷ£סǴָϸСڴתŪǻȥ 
ǻңֻһζֿƵֱֿĿļץסţ߬糶á 
Ӳ֪ԼǸλȻܴĴСȥʮû˸߹Ϊ˰İʹ࣬ƴŤӡ 
ιҶҹʼʩҧסļ硣 
һȴҧúˣʱһĨӺĻ߳ļʹģסӣ˳ѰɬѨָ̽롣 

סְ⩤ 
ڴ˴³ײ᣿ 
оŵĿǰ谵ǽΰã 
ȴ 
Ҫɱ㣡 
ҵüͷ𣺡㻹о񣬿̫ˡ 
ָڣݺݹɦɬĳ,ȫ˻ƵĽкֻƴס,ֵָӵ,ѹ˲ʲϣһذ 
߷ʹ֮䣬ۿԼʸ䣬ǰָĲŪ£͸Һָ̽ɦŪ͡ã̲סڶ 
̱ĵЦӣǶȼ䡣 
СУûԼɣ𼱣һһ 
㩤˭,,? 

͵ҡͷ˵Ҫȴû˵ڡ 
ĿתĿ 
ʹ࣬ӾɵĿףԭĶ徻ȫȻֻĿʹɬ˵Ŀ˵˽ˣ 
ʪĲӿĦٶȣʳָָף̽ϸСĳڣغͶȵعιͬʱѨָҲǴڡ 
ľԴʲߣϼǰʯһƬɺ죬޷ƵľҲͷš 
һƬžУδƽĺ 
û취ǸоκκõĴʻݶġ 
ǣǵĩꡣ 

տռżţƺȻʧĿ϶ϡ˵ 
ǽõĵطͼҷ֮ 
˰ѻͼǽϣ¹ 
˵ǲǱҪʵһ㣬СУ 

ںڰЦˣ 
˶֮֮֡Ѿܻͷˡ 


[Ѱ] 

ԸаûĿģǺ͵һμȫͬ 
ʱߵķ񣬶ڣ徻̬תӵ̬ղŻ޵ڻɢãıǣҲǸӡױӡɡ 
⿪Լ´ǰľУ·Ͱ볨ɫ䵽ϡ 
¹⣬Ŀֵӣһ 
ҵ·˳ʵ׳ȫǳӵģ 
ĸȣֻǸδɬĺӣϾʮꡣ 
壬ȴԽ֪ŮӵǺεģϸ룬ůѹϣŻü 
ֵûʲ᲻ͬһܿ١ 
ĻǴڶֱۣͽ͵ȴ֪ĲǷǳΣյģֵ۾Ⱦɫʡ 

ûСҶסֵһŨǣס⣬·ҪԵƵĺݺ˱¿ҧͷɨеĺʱ͵ߣѵǲ㣿ֱԼͲסľͷݳ 
ҵٴ̽еѨϸɬûַĽأǰϺеҺҽеú˳ 
Ϊʲᩤ賓Ҫʲ᣿ 
˱ˣһ׳գСеɵ 
ʲأ۾Լ̧ӣϸʵ¶İ¹â£ӵͦȴ˷ܣľȻǸ֣ǳߴƺҲֵġ 
 Ҫбܵĺµ 
Ҫʲ᣿סĵĽףؿڡ 
ѣһȴһʹóѹ־ȻȻ 
ҲƲסͷ˺Ѱʹһ߲ҽһ߳ҵļͦ룬ͦǰŪʱȣղ̬ĿɳᡣĵĽкңȴһУľԼҪˣȴѹϵǸҷɣȻɱң 
ʲɰȫףֱҿʼǿ͵ĳ壬ֻͷһ͵ȫһĸˣĺУЩȴûͣ£ȻԼµ德ѨҺӿѪ˩ŵӣҪ 
ҪţһŨǣȴĸµʹˮûվͱ¾ĳ׾˩ֻٵңȻ޷춻ĿڣҪŹң㣬Źҡ 
ҲŹ㣬ײҵǸ˷ʹȴ̾Ϣĵطݺݵĥ 
춣µ˶èƵıҽļ٣䣬͵ͺһľһҺӿܲסҲ˶㣬ԼҺһճȾ壬ֵģɬζһ㣬׹ 
һΡ 
±ģаϴۡ 

Ŀ־ĿϾѩ׵壬¹Žྻ壬ȴԼ׵ĺڷɢĵҲУҲУұ 
̧ͷʱƾĿ⣬֪ڸ߳а˵Ŀ˶ˣȻҲʺεʪĴּ͡ 
һڱ߽֮ʱҧȥ˿ʱӣɫĴһ˿Ѫĵĺ˲ʱ䵭ˣųŭ־һģڵң 
ĸûʱ䷴༤泯ѹϣŵڳƣû͵ֱ嵽ףĲҽС 
ڷҾӸ£ĵմѪĺɫήֻڻվ䱾ûз𣬶зʲϣ糾ɵɵȷ˻ҪɵִԲĿˣγɺ쳾ˣԼƤҲϿң 
Ҫשҵҡ壬ȵѰԼɣǽխûϵǱһѱˣ 
ܣһ֣ 
зΪβⰢǵ 
ľʶԶȥ 
ǣ֪ 

[ǧ] 

Ǽ߶߶˿һСʱ 
ǱƾŪκû취ؼңŲӦҹڷּҡ 
һǰ˵˹һҺܲȫοǸеġ 
ԣҲǸе賓ʲõĵġ 
ڣǸ˯ϣ˵ǹȥ顣 
ס轲ȥ顱ϸ裬룬˸òҲ˼ɣ 
ȻʼĹ¿ͷͺܲңֲܲˣ 
˵ǿǸǸеİټֵ 
ҵһǰ࣬ͬŮҲ٣㳣ʶҲûа䣿ִ˵ 
ʲͬŮʣŴѧŵ۾ 
ֳ׷ˣֹ崿ʵ̶ȣ˼֣ 
˵ʲᣬͬѧ 
ûʲᩤǸ֮ΪһʱǺмˡҡͷ̾Ϣҹ𣬱ĻעӲԩ 
ŽĻɴֱӴֺòã 
ػӶ첲ЩȻˣ 
ϱΣ̬ˣϧԼǲ֪ġ 
һۣ̾˿㻹ǸǰһԼʲ£ϣϵõҪģȴںֶΣ 
𣿡伷üŪ۵ģڳ̬ܵȡ 
Ҳۣ֮ᣬɲµ 
ҾãǺ꾫̬ͦģʲ۸ǺУ 
Ļشƺ̫ˣڽһۻᣬԼǰ 
һ̾ϢɥȻϴܣֻô㾫񣬼˵ȥܶԣǲ׷ŹģβƫƧطѶû飬Ȥߣ֡ǣû뵽 
ʱͷһᣬ˯ 
ʲط˯Ĵ񾭡 
˧ȴûǸ½ȥ 

Ҳɣ 


[ǧ] 


ѹʱѾǰˡ 
һۣʹƣ;ͻصϡ 
ԼƣߣҪȥˣǿ񣬿ͣ͸ƵĻ˽ 
ӣȴ£˸ס 
ֻͣǿͷȷʱ䣬ѹ硣 

Լһϣŵס΢Ĵһ°׵ޱ⣬һ˿ҡ 
һսԼĴ 
﾿Ǻδ 

һӰ 
°׵£洩ɫ 
ʶĽ۾Ϊûѡ 
ãʵ 

Σ΢ۣ˱һһŵϣЩƿƿ޹ޡ 
ϸϸֱۣССļ򣬴ӱῴ֪ǸŮӣϤģ 
һʱЩƺŮӲĳ 
һɵˡ 
תߵߣϸָϣȷûзգȻ˵ˣ֪ɣҩˡ 

ֻſ۾ǰǸŮüԶɽ죬ĿˮԶɺ۽ë˳ǰĿ۴Եһ㡣 
ϸϸ룬һĿֵŮӵģ 
˽ 
ĵ׵òǲϵģƺƫĵɤ㻹ðɣ֪̫³ˣ˵㲻ᩤ 
·ҡҧгݵӡ۵̴ӱ¶ 
ĿĽҡͷУҹԹǻգûء 
ʵܲ޹ģŮӣŮģһģҲʵھͷѡһûһֱ֪ȱҪп֪ܶ࣬ʲ񶾵⡣ 

ھߣαҡѿĵ 
ҵȻҪ㣬Ϊϲ㡣Ůšһºе򢣬ԴƵġ 
͵ػӿ֣۵֡ǷŵӲ˶ϣͽԼЩ裡 
ҲаˣԴǰ뿪֪һжġ潿̬ʵڿˣ仯ǧɫ飬ǵ׾ָĳ衣 
СУҰɣӦҾͲȥּɱ˩Ҫˣһ˵ֵܹ£ǳˣȣԲԣ 
ŮӵķԵø׾вҲֱף˾˵ 
ȻʧˡֺҪֻǸƽĳħɮˣСҲӢĹӡ 
ж෢ϰԣȴ 

һְӵģ÷ʳָ󶯡 
ɫĴ䲻ģֻŵһŨӽȻͬȴЩԥû˿ 
ϸϸıҧĴ׵ĴԽУСϸϸŪ 
ŮǱˣ 
еϸģеǰͬӵǿӲԵһֻСº͵¹ƵģѰ󱣻 
ʮǾջģĶִ֮ᣬǻŮӣ 
Խֱסҵļ 
ҽǸǣϲŮӵģԲԣ 
ûб飬֣ϲһ֣ 
˵գ͵ƿ 
Ůӵܷƿˣ·һ顣 
꣬зԼǴֱˣԼֱ㶡 
ҵȴЦӯӯģǳ⣺ϲҲ㣬ұǸөһ֪ĺ 
ŵҩƿӣڰҩˣ۵Ĳ䣺ҩϹˣŮӵָȽºͣҿ仯Ϊ˵ĵطҩģ 

ıѡֻ˳ӣʹҧҲܶ 
ܴߣҲ취 
ֳȴİ 
ĪǵĳѨ 


[ǰ] 


˯ú졣 
Ķ̷ں,ڰɫ޲ͷϷϸ 
,,˿ûз,ͷ,ϴˮ,ȴûϤһ㡣 
?ǸԵ,޳? 
òϡǵ,ϸͦεü, գƽ͵,˼̬ıֲƣ 
óȱӪļֻݣеʹ 
ϲ𣿶ԵȥˣҪʣ롣ǣҲȥǺеΣգ롣 
뷨飬ϸϸŲʶ˼ǳ˯㲻ǲǸãҡ 



ңͽзҰգ˵ 
һƬɽеһ֡ 
ɽ仨ˮ׷ңң 
һɫƮ䣬ڰĳϡ 
Ǹӵģûгģϸ֫ںỬ㷢֦ڣϸ޳ָץģʡ 
̬·赸˵赸˵ǹ 
鶯ŭĿ˵Ҫ 
ʲ᲻Ҫ 
ҲҪ֣ 
һУ쳤ȣĦ׽Ứ꣬Ѫɫ 
˦ϵķ˿裬ֻǳǳһЦѷ׵ĺġ׵Ÿճ㼱¶ 

Ϊʲ᣿ 
ȵЩȴǳȣ˵Ҳ¡ 
𣿩ҲҪ˵УٸһȻ΢ЦʶȻŵЦ 
Ÿյѧˣ 
곤ɮ˿Цվߵߡ 

ɮ˰ɫɮֱ棬¶ݣһҧס۽ǣɵָСȡ 
ɮ˰£۽Ǵִ߾ܵĹ 
ֻһʱĴ㵣ɮ˳ץסףһȦ塣 
ϸÿС׭ҡ֡ 
꼱æҪ˼ضûгɹ 
ѵǷ 
ɮŪ.ֻܺͰĿڿһֻ˵ּСޡ 
ͽз!㲻ǺˡȻҲԹԼ֡ 
УҪ£˼ֹƨ°ɷ˵ұ 
ݺݵģʵǳġ 
͵ĿԼ⻬޳壬µĿԼ䣬ȫ֪߳ΪͶơ 
ӾģƺͦƯҲͦ  

ȻֶԼġˡ 
ǸУǺÿ 
ͦˣʮͷ˵Ѿûɻˣܿͻָݣֳ󡣩ǹֿϧģÿ 
ɵٶ࿴ۡ 
Ͳˡ 

Ȼ۾·лǴȰСɵͷ­ңǺѧ˵ıҲġЩ˼вΪ 

룺Ϊ㿴 
ֱ۾ȥ§еĲӣЦЦɵĶ㿪ʧᣬķָ们 
һ侭ģ̾ǦһأӲܶ 
ĺУڵ㵽 
𣿩ֻ̫įЩ˵˵ˡɮ˺ͰЦȴ 
ְ 

겻ܱˣԳļһֱǸûֵĺ 
һʼֻǱͬĸãȻùˣͿ֪Լʲᣬ˼⣬Լͷ. 
֮ᣬƺͲһֻ꣬Ǳʲˣ 
ɽ·֪˵ֺô緽壬ͷԣǣͺˡ 
ֻҪ˵ˣΪ˲Լ 

Ȼᣬѧͬ͸ĺӣȡ¾̰Ρʵϣѣꡣ 
죬˵ɽβòˣ仯 
ϾᣬȥȻͺ˵ȻǶݵģǾβһ壬ñ仯֮ 

ʵǱҪѺܶ࣡ 
꾫ƣߣʧˡ 
ܺ£Լɰ˰޵ĿֲҪ޳ 

Ȼůַŵϣ̾ˣУԼҪ𻯵ɡ 
ȻᩤȻıˣ 
ӵеһģ⻬ģ׵÷ʮӵ塣 
ɵָ죬۽üҿԹһжģ˵ϲҲãҲéƺչ죡 

־û뵽Լ˸оĺãԼģˡ 
ºͱɮ˸ģһص 
лĻ˵ڣһȣö 
ο⿴ȥú˵ĺУʵɲ 
ʵеη壡 
ʲᣬУ 
ҽ޿ɡ 

[ǰ] 

ʱ䳤,ġ 
Ѹٵ˥,ǳЦ,,ǱԼҪ͵ 
ֻҪһ,˻һ,һججһˣҾ;ԼʵǸ˵Ķ 
ֻ֪ҪԻǧ꣡ 
ԣʵͦͬġˡ 
ˣ޿ɣǸֵࡣ 

ֻһСÿڲ԰ŪЩˣ˲ЬȥǮᷨǿˣȻЩ£Ҿúܲ˼顣Ǯ洦ܵõα࣡ 
ܵȥĳլԺȡһЩ޿ǰ˳Ļġ 
ŵĺҡҡͷңˣҪ˵Ĺأ͵ǲõΪ 
Ҫǽعأ͸ɴұȥˣ˵ 
ֻˡ޿ƽ䣬¶ķ顣 
ҪҲҪֻ˵ɲȥ 
޿΢ЦˣᣬҪعء 

˹أԲҪֲ˻Ь 
ϼªĲˣȫزˣ 
Ǻ갡ҳģ 
ˣԳء 
̫ˣҲű˼찡Ҳкܶ඼ģΪҲ֪ 
ŭ·룬ȫˣϧӻǻ 
Ƿҽ֣ÿҰζ˵ɽҰá޿ֻûж˵̡ 
̬úǳˬñˡ 
죬޿ɿĲˣͻȻƵǰԡ 
˵֪ 
ңҳʮأ᲻֪ʲȥº͵ú귴ʡһ 
Ҳˡ 
㻹ǻ̲סٸɵĩҸ㣬Ầֻܳ׷һ 
޿ƽĶ룬ȴھεÿҪˡ 
ȻڵķҾ͵~ 

ÿȥԣ·ܿˣǼɮ²ٴʱ޿̾˿µĲˣüǮ 
óЯֽīϡ 
Ҫʲᣬҿǻ 
ʺС࣬Ϯ˵īЩ̣Ѫζ 
īɣ 
޿ɰֲڵĴȥץסҵ֣īϣȻ֣īĥ𣿡 
޿ɵůģҾ¶ֱؿڣ޿ɵҲߣǺºͣܺתͷȥӢ;ԼܵĿᴭϢ޿ɣ޿ɣ 
͵ճī촽Ǻڵģ޿ɵӡһīּĻס 
㻹Ҫúÿ 
޿üһ侭ģҾֻڵϱԹֱ޿ɽǷּұͼꡣ 
ںڵĶҲԻǮ𣿡 
ҿ׼ţǷ 
Եġ 
ҲţۿȻһΪȥร 
ȥֱ˵ɣҵ·ãЬ⣬ͷ 
˲پвŰѷҳ׵ͷɱӡ 
Ȼɮ²ЬҿȥʵǸһ꣬޿ָһñ 
ɽȻ޿֮ûޱȡ 

Ǯֻϰһ⻭𾴵޿ɣҲửʲ˲ 
ԭửǴ֪ 
λʦʦļҰǾûɽˮǵЩһż۰˵ҲǸм֣Цòȡ 
޿ֻòĻ֣Ǯߡ 

޿ɴȥ̣ǳûĳߴ磬ҲһҪɫ·ſϴԺֻö˼ס 
Ҹ÷ߴʱв÷˷ҵʱʹסˣʱҲ÷Ҳе㻳ļ 
˼Ůͣ˷Ҳ̾ͷɺ͵ۿҾȤͳǶ˼ۣϾͿһĵԽ 
ԭҲǺܰʱ˼ӰȺ껹Ҫ֪ư 
͵ۿ޿ɩϧϧ˾ʹӲ飡 

ȡ 
죬ÿԼȡҲ޸ġ 
÷Ļش 
һֻ̾ 
İѵһμ򣬾һЩ£ 

[ǰ] 


޿ɺͷҳ꣬ȥ˷ݡ 
ԷһҪѲñģվͻȻ̫һˡ 
̫Ŀ⼯еӣŪú˷ϵɦŪˣڳ˵˧̬ 
޿ɣڿҶԲԣǲΪҺ 
ǵġ޿ɳʵĻشḡģܻ鷳 

鷳ʱˡ 
öƲˣ޿ûнеģ̧ͷʣѾĵĴ𻰣ٶҼеɮһ𡣡 
޿ɵȻ֪˭һ𡯡 
ҵ۾ѾѲ¥ǸӸ穤ûУһ 
޿ɩ޿ɵӣǸеŶǸƯСҿɾͩ 
û˵꣬޿ѾӷϣҾҪߡ 
ȴЩᣬѽеҲԵǲǣҿԸ˩ 
ûܰԼĻ˵꣬Ϳ޿ó飬̱죬ͷҲصĹԹԸ޿ˡ 
ϣȻһû˺ùģҿ֪ĺԿһκòã޿ɣ 
޿ҡҡͷֻҪͻħߣ鷳¡ 
ҪǱܣ카㣬㲻Ǹ鷳 
ȫû߳ĵ 
ҲֻýԼ㣬סΣƽ˵ 
в̶ȣֻͶ˭бأ 

ʵʵ޿ڴϡ 
ȻᣬһͷײںеıᣬƼ䣬Ƴз㶣۾һҵȥ 
һŶ꣬зһŹ٣ûΣпģ١ 
޿߽ȥҲȥ޿ɵƺ˾Υֿѣƽ޲̬˱仯ʱȴúܺõ֣޳ָŪһң֮쳣 
ϰСƽڵصǰʦ⣬ͿԳɽˡ 
޿ûд𻰣ת뿪֪ģŻֻһлʣʮǮѡ 
ֽһķıĵҡϺõıֽڷһѸʱЩͿԭл 
ȻȻ޿ɵ뷨ǿеģ͸оʲ²̫һ˩ʹ޿ɿʼʱƺһֵŻúнȥƽĿıˡ 

ҹ²ƽʱ谵޿ɵϸϸֽġһī 
ڵ¿Уʱ¶ƽʱеĿֵı飬˾ϡ 
ƽʱ䲻˪ȴǰûҪ˵Цݣ֮٣ֻԳ¶һΣƵĴˡ 
Ω軭¶õı鰡 
һֱʷʵԽĿΣ 
Ϊʲϲǰȴҵûʣ֪Ҳֻǰ״ 
ڱȽ١ 
޿õ٣ǲҲ¶ֵıأ 


[ǰ] 


լҹ¥¥ٶǰ쿴Ǹòꡣ 
һиһʵǲײ࣬Ѻа 
֪ǲǸУԼãǷ޷ǼʣĻֱա 
Խ˼Խаĵڣȴſ߶˭ 
ңүҽһϸк͵͵ģȴ͸һ 
̸ֳɰ 
ææؿţһӰɵһѾ§סĲӡֻŵһɵ㣬ʱеѳֲס 

㣬ԭ㰡ΪǺ꾫ءһѣҿ͡ 
ү㻹ϵңǿ̫ˣһȣ 
ˣ 
ʦҸϳţҿûطȥ 
ҷı֣۾ͰĻҲˡҪٱƭһͦأõúܣǾ͵ʲ᣿ 
ţүͽҾŶүթҾͽɿɺã 
ͷˣʱɫĴһѾͱ˷ҵϣǧĵĿ˶ѹ¡ 

ɣҪʲ᣿ 
ҵĸΣ֪ʣҪǸңͽʳӴˣ˳ҵɡ 
кܶǮ𣿡 
Ǽɫ·ʡ 
ҼһһĸûǮ 
ŶҪĶɿ𣿡 
ҵ·Ѿȥˣ¶һѩļǡǡҪĹοǵա 
ֻԼ£ȻȻ˵̾ȥ 
еЦᣬҿɵúú÷ˣ 

ȻǲȻһཻϣҲûʲѡֻǿλӣҷѹסʱǹӸһʼȻʧɫ֪롣ǱҹļʸŪûٱһҲ춾ͷڷҵ 
ԸõྫҲԸڰҹÿ˹Ŷţõ١ 

޿˵͵˸еİɡ 
һ߶Ū˵ӣһ 
ǣ޿ɵһ档 
˾ 

[] 
֪ʲᾪ,۾,ȻᣬԴ춿Զˡ 
ҹ,Ӱķĵ,ֽ,Ȼһ´ˡֻǸ۵ĵط,ʱʱ̿衣 
ȥ˺δ? 

߳ȥ,ǼܴլԺϧסļãĴǰܣƺá,ѽң뵣ʮ⣬͡ 
ܵ,о֪ 
͸Ź,ƺʩ˻֮ƾ˵޷ȥĵǲģȻ̽Ѱ٣нԶԼ˹ٵ٣λϮ 
جε 

ĲȨ綯ҡϧ벻⣬ԵĸҲڵ 
ֻؿֻ࣬ؽԿࡣ 
Цûоֻصֻ֪صࣿ 
ǰƣ 
˵ղ԰Σǰ 
ǧļįѭ 
˵ֻӰҵϣֻۣ 
ǧֵļ޿ŽⶼڸУ˵̹˼ 

ĵһɺ⣬״ʺ޸ϵȴ̫ 
ǿʱ񣬿ʼΪıԣȴȻԴյľһз޴йСӣƫ 

ҲŹ㣡 
Ժض˵˿Ĳпᡣ 
ڶԼĻ˵Ƕ 

ԼΪ徻ȴƲԼķŭ 
޳ܵƽ׵ػεĿεĿŭ޶֮ȣ 
ŭⰵȼգ΢΢ŬҪԼҵγȴֻ÷ŭԨµʹϢ 
ҷȱʣеķȴӰ 



ȬΪ֤һ㣬ʼ١ 
һ˾ʱõġǸ˩Ǹ͵ģеģȴ̵ĺУˡ 
޿ɰҲУ 
壬٣Ƶ࣬ʫơ 
һŵ㲻ƫƫģѰգ 
㿴ٵӺʱһһ޿԰εķˣƫƫΪң 
ңָֻССһֻ֣ 

գп٣׺ʲ¡ 
ؿǸ˵ٲˣһΣĺ꣬ģƭջԭ 

֪ƣһͷѰ֡ 
ż칦Ҿ͸ϸС˻һÿҹȥϷΡ֮ᷢǼҵĶò־棬ССһһ󣬾˷ƸһŴϡˣȥҰ׾ĹС֡ 
ɵ޿ɵĹءϲûĴţֻ죬ɫ㱰ˡ 

һƭס 
ʳյľβʼ󣬲һ¾ͱȴǰǿ׳ࡣϲı仯£̬ѳ 
пУλ᲻ף 
һֱĬȡԹ۵̬ȣƺĵȴʲᡣ 


[ǰ] 


Ҫһˡ 
޿ɲŪ٣Ȼ˵һ䡣 
ճߵһ 
ȻɽȥְңէȻֹ 
ͷһ޹ǣϻǺƽģûֳ¶ˣ 
أͣ˩׼ɽ 
ǰңֹң 
ã㳤ɣϣԱԼ޹Ͼа֮£ΪˣѾùˡ 
㲻һҳǲǺеı𣿩޿ɣαƣɮ£ȴе£ 
Ҳ磬ʵоз顣 
ҾͲַߣȴýһأ̱¡ 
ϵĽһʹͨ쳹ص֣Ҳκβ 
Υҡ 
޿ɵºȴвݿܵϡ 

˽޳Ѫ 


ջüĥƤ˿ûƽʱεӡġˡǼģһʡ 
ڸͬ˨Ĺ˨ĺꣿ 
ʮҲסǸ嵽ʲʲӣȻ 
գӲʩ޿ʼûн⿪ԻʡʵϾǴ 
һգҲԣ֪ҲͲȥˡ 
Įģһߣ 
ŰҰﰡ 
޿޿ɣɺ޵ˣΪͿ۸ 
϶ǺУһǼٰƭģ 

죬ɽд£ 
ָԺúϴˡ 
ˮϣ͸һ£ļˮȫ 
ʱķɬɰǳӵͦο 
ԼҲ֪ǰƵشֻչ֫𲱾˶ʧ˺šʪܵĳ˿̺ڵͬҹ 
޿¿⸶ģа֪̾ǰ׷㱧˹ 
ɰ󣿡 
ҡϵĽ壬𪽡ĳʵұģȴ֪춵ء 
ӦɽҾʹӦ㡣 
ǺܽɽҲԣҾ 
ûлڸģգֻҪܸ㡣 
ó飬ƣҪ񵱳ʱ 
޿ɣûУ˵Ҫ㣬ɲҪʲᾫ 
еûһȻһ徻ƽͣ£ҡ 
ֿҪҵĻ𣿣ҿԲȥˣֻ㣡ҲԲҪֻ㰡ף 
ңҪʱޣαضЩϣ㲻ˣֻһʹͷԼ飬ܿԼֻ̾Ϣల£Щƽӿɺã 
û޿į飬ѵֻΪ̫į 
˽ˣ 

޿£٣͵ͳ 
ֻؿ࣬һ޿࣬һز 
ɣֻع飬ֺγ֪ 
˲󣬿˲ࣿ 
ˣǰź׷˶԰ 
ǧɳտݹǡ 
ãУ԰ҵ˳Ϊ־ 
ƾаǣƫֻ㲻ں 
ǰƽǧŵįѭֻؽԿࡣ 
ĲֻأǶ뷲Ļǡ 
޿ɣҲҪѣȴ׵ 
ȻǸУҲֻǸˣ 

ңĪңҺγ֪ʲǶʲǴɽ亮УһҪЩħһǶ᣿޿įĸңƮҡ 

ʲã 
Գֻأ 
Ҳţֻ֪Ŀʵʵڵģֻ˭˿дɱУУⲻ֪µ֣ƭ˭ 
﷭ƴֻǾĬڻϵˣֺγԼľ 

ֱµرɫһƬкٵˮڵϾСϪ 
ַ˺ϵĵĽ壬˿ںģĴƤ,ǽȻû˺ۡ 

㻹߰ɣңûʸ̵㣬 
޿Ļִ̧֣ͣаѳ 
۰ɩԲ𣬷ң 
һʢŭĳ 
⧲ԭҲ 

ұѹ޿ɣʪ䣬մȻаɫɮ£߲߰Ǿ 
޿ɸҪ飬ȴסƿ԰׵ָ϶Ѫˮںϡ 
ң㣬֪Լδң 
ӻ򶨣ÿɺޣ 
ãң 
ֵ巢£˲˸壬Ůӵ壡 
𣿩㼴԰ɣ 
ĵڲ 
ңʲʱ򩤩 
ǾβȻ԰õ޿ɣúÿң 
޿ٽ޳ëɨ߽ǰС̽½Ϥһʪ룬춱ǶˣúĹ 
һٴҪ 
ǣ𣿩εӲ飬˼ 
̽Ǹĵطˮģȴȡ 
ͻȻоǰʹˮΣһʱĻ̻껹ڿޣ 
иҲǰģѾǹȥˡ 
޿ɵһ̾ϢӴ˲û 
ֵĿڣֻﻹǻ̵ġ 


[е] 

ҹ庮Ѿֻꡣ 
˫ӯģȥ˺δѵԼĹ 
ȥ꣬ն£Ϊ֪ѵķ 

ŪСȴʵȤ 
Ȼվ߶òȴ飬ǿˡ 
Ұ룺Ҫ飡ǸŭĿӵļⷵģ΢һЩ 

ͻȻᵽ˵ζҲ죬ĵˣֻġ 
ǲҵٳ㣿 
ֵЦºͣˣЦƺ˴ѧĺܺãϧҲóЦ̫ġ 
еһʱ;òɡ 
תˣ 
ɵĿƣ飬Ҳȥ۸ˡ 
ֵʣ㻹𣿡 
ܺȽϴ󣬡ת 
֪̫³Ǹĺѳ֪ڴ˵ͻûء 
˵㻹ڵģʡ 
⵹ûУϲ㾽ȵӡҲǡ 
ҿһɫ˯ۣ·ϵͦʣȥɷ磬ҹ¶أҲġ 
͵ؿΣȴĹȥˡ 
ԼԾĻǵ£ĬĬ٣вᵯֻ죬롣 
Ȼֱһֻףץסһ 
СУڹң 
Цúġ 
˲¶߳ܵɫҲȥվǻҹȥ𣿡 
ҵ飬Ѿ˽ˡֿ΢΢ţּ϶÷ζ 
Ƿζ𣿡 
㿴ˣɣ˿Գ룬׷ʧһҪѰ㡣 
Ҫҵʱ 
ʣǲ֪ΪΣЩ̻޷ڡ 
ǰʲ᣿ң 
תͷȥܵĿ 
һЦǿ˶ʵڿɰղŻȨףһ˳ܣԩ 
һ飬׿ͨ͸ 
ˣȫͬ 
ǵģ˩ 
һʹأ꣬棬˼ԹԶΪӽơ 

һֱԸʵ,ʵǸҪ֣ĻоͿԸоʵֱۺͿļ磬ƭúòң 
̽ĵ½ǰ촽ϷŪĶҲ 
Ϣöϸ۵ĸй١ 
ң뷴ˡ㡣 
˵ʲ᣿Ҿֻ˵˵ѣ 
ֿʼҧԼѵļŪѻĺͷ 
ɫ˯۱Ūòӣֱʡ 
ве䣬̡֪Լױѿ糺һƬۿҲ 
ڷҿʪȴɿ鵽ԭᣨ̬ȫ߱͵İĻѹ£Ҫ븹Ƶĸһ赲ȴΣáң㩤 
᣿㲻ϲҰϣҵϰˣǺǿεһаЦȫǺ꾫ģ 
ǰǺ꾫ʱҲᷢģ 
ңҩ 
˵ҡ·ˣתȥ 
ɿ֣˼Լмֱߵñȥȣң㲻Ҫ̫ 
֪ʵһԼַʳ 
ɳºеӣѹסǾչǰɼűļ壬ϸխߣʤյɫ 
΢ϥǶǳȵĳ˫ȼ䣬е˽̵ܴزиȴ¶ֻǰѡ 
ЦҲҪҵģǲǣĹסĸѿʼ֪㻹ûȬһǳǳᣡ 
޷֮òʼҪĸоǵֱĶԴʱѣǵ÷ǳʹֻ࣬пֲ 
ϸָ̽Ѩʹʪĸо 
鸴ӵĿȥȴþմʪָǰ״ɵľƱڶجΣǶ˵ʢҺ˿ھƣӣɫ촽յĵ˽һѣҪˡɵָİ½ҺϸСĿڴ򴽣ľأСС 
˫Ŀգҧ͡ 
ǵģѾˣҪ뿪͵˳⡣û˽䱸Ϳӡ 

ֻҪлᡣ 
ȴƺҪֵԨһ޷˼ֻǱŪͿҪˡ 
а䣬ĴϢ 
У̫ˣ۾̶ 
ǿ° 
ǣٿܡǳȵӲͦڣƵ룬ȴԼӭĴ͵ͽгĴ롣 
Ҳ̾Ϣһʼ͡ 
Աĺʹͻ飬ٿǴ 
ȫ֣ԼࡣסѿĶ˿ڣһ룬תкϣҺѨڣҵ죬˵ĴϢơ 
ïʢҶ裬ʵɬ̡ 

δϰ߽춶սסǻ̵Ӳͦҵ͵ЦˣƺȽǸоͦƶµˣķУٴڱۣжѵġ 
аЩϧķйͬʱſ֣ɫҺİϣµҲﵽ˸߳ 
Ϊֵͣڼƣۺ׼ȴ˫ֿסģҪࡣ 
ƽںпԿֵˮ¶ˮʪĺڷǧķ˿Ⱦأ 
ĶǴ¼磬ϸüһ㣬ʤա 
еĺұİɩ롣 
˫ĺ¶ǵĶѲƣĻǾ÷ڰ·ƺڵġ 
ҵ̳븹 

ϲңСУǲǣڣ̧ͷвζ 
ң֪ 
Һ㣬Ҳ㣬ڲ롣 
ϲңϣֻȥץס塰֣㲻Ҫϲǰɡɶ 
ش 

[ǣ] 

ǰԹ,̹ģڣʹࣿ 
ĻûĿǸ죡 

ԼҲͿˣҪ޿ɵʲ᣿òĲ飿᣿ȻԼ⣬ο 

ǧŵįѭֻؽԿֻ࣬ؽԿࡣ 
ĲԸſûֻأ⳾þͶá 
ǣû޿ɩΪʲ 
ֿº񵭵ˣĻƺúңԶ 
֪˼֪룬ˮ£ 
޶պޣ 

,ûͣ,ŮӵӻǱ޿ƿ 
ǣ,֪! 
ԭҲѪ֮Ҳп徻Ҳû취˸춴Ц޷ƣЦ޿ٴ 
ᣬǸαƵļûٳ, 


һֱ£ڵµø,ͬбأٳ澰ȴجˮ䵽ϣٽӷģʧ 

ҵвǳ䱻ˮˢգƣֻ̬˴ۣеʹ࣬շ 
Ϥʱ,Ժ˯ѡ 
Ȼվ,գƣǣһҲֲ壬Ƶɫʣ񱩵ӿ 
ϵĺɫ仨ˮȥ 
ӣûջֻˮϴȥԼ̻ˮӻ䣬ôƵĩչ塣 
ɵӵûһ覴ã̱֫绨ӭƾܡȼӰҲİģջ 
аƽɣΩϵĽ壬ˮ졣ҿ壬̵֣ôæֺܿ㡣˸ٴγ䵱 

ʱг¡١ 
ƽվǶ,ǰĻҾ 

޿ɣһ벻𣿡ҵ͵ૡ 
޿ῴҾ㣬һ֮ʣ⣬Ҳֻһʱ꣬Ҿοͬ٣Ҫ˴ǣǸã 
ʲ˼ 
գ㶼Щʲᣬң޿ûлش 
ί˵룬һȴ̣ 
еֳį飬ĬΣԵ˵öԣҰȴδӮǣ޿ɣУ 

ӿڣ޿ȴ˵ұǰɮˣǾĻʼԺʱҾͨЩл׵ķ֮¡壬٣ͻԽɫԽԶÿǱУȴȥīٵĳ졣־סǿʤ֮ģ֪ܲԼԣȴڸġֱҲգҲ֪Լߵ̫Զּ̿䣬ֻ뿪 
޿ͣ£ֻ̿ںޡ 
ͻȻЩˣΪʲҪƯ˵ء 
һԼ޿ɻڸģǳͷԼġ 
޿ɣܻڸġ˼᣿ 

޿ҡҡͷԸ˵ȥ 
ңƺлҪ˵ 
ȴͷ 
һһߵǰִʱܶ 
Ϊ޿ҪûУֻǿ޳ϸϸָĦͷҹɫһò˼ĳָ们伸ˮ 

ȥ׽ȴ˸ա 
޿ҶƮȻ뿪ֵߣ 
׷һʹ̧ͷѵ£ֻһȻ̾ϢңȴУͨ˩ 
˵գıӰʧȽǡ 
ʲ˼ͨʲ᣿ʲ᣿ˮ˳ҵͻȻ̿Ī 

޿ɣȥ޿ɣ 
ֻ 
Ҫ뿪 
벻Ҫң 

㣬ܺ 
ȴʼնáԼ 
Уʧ 
ҲԷ 
Ҽ䣬ץֱߵʯͷȥ 
ѪһЩȴѪģ 
ȻԶˣȾѪĽ壬ͻȻʲᡣ 

ѪѪˣ޿ɣһУֱȥƵѰ 
ǣˣûдʲᶫ 
ٺͻ̺;ƺʲᶼûߡ 
׷ߣ 
Ϊʲ׷ 
׷Ӳ 
޿ɣĺڣ 
Ƕӱܣ 



[] 

峿ѣͷԺ˯ĻˣȻ糿á 
Се˯ǰꩤҲԼļǸȥ 
ȴĲëҪѹ̲סΪǿݺһڡ 
һҽУ֣㩤һߡ 
ϰವĺۣڳ·ʡ 
һҹ顣֣ᱧĽУֱڵ֡ 
û¶Щķһ۵ò 
ʱиоһƣۣڴ齱ߡ 
ʱ˳ܣһλ߳ܵ޵ݡ 
ֲҰϣַһҹķ񲣬˶ƣߩӾ˯ˣ 
ֵ˯ 
б֣Ժ޲ѡ 
ȴÿԿϵĵطǳʣԺ̵ģ 
ǡ 
ÿ˶𣿡 
 
ʱ𣿡 
ˡ 

ҵָ⻮̺̺춼ĺۼ 
ǣֻЩ˲ĥĺۼ㹻 
ֻһˣ 
巽ħɮһ˳ƺҲûʲرģ 
еȻĻشħĸ߹ݣ֪ʥᱻеȤʱЩʹġ 
ȴ¸߰ЦڣҵģģӦøһġ 
ĳԹֵ̬ĿͷȻ 
ģʹ 

ᣬҳȥˡ 
ʱҲ·аЦü 
һҧ˳ˡ 
кѪζֻϴ䡣 
ѪӿۼںУ޷ĥ 
ʱгһ˹ã,ɫ̺죬ǳͶȣǷҵ𵹸ÿˡ 
ûκΣſڴϣ΢ʹͳ裬תƾȡ 

ˣŷⷿš 
ԭľĴ̨ſˣƺղһ룬ȴɴزƥ徻 
ǽϹ鷨ֻ䲻Ҳ֪ʮ忡Ƴ֣֮˲Ȥĺдġ 
һׯţһׯϱгãȴûƿֻ顣üãϸ󣬶а˹֮롣 
һܣһ齣齼أרáϸ廨ۣǰʽŮһɫذףӴƮݣŮӴִ֮筺¡ 
Ũذףʱһէŵģˡ 
֮زز仪 
ĵĿƻعͼֻΪҲ. 
ȻüĿЩǷҡһ죬ţ£ 
֣ͣã̾ϢǸã 
ĿϵͼֻʣұϿʲ᣿ 
ݹǡְǶ 


[] 


ҲֻǽȬࡣ 
ҹҹƣʱܼЦݣ淳ġ 
ɢ߽ȥԭشת֮࣬־ءӲα죬ǷּƬһ 
ӦֻɽҰķŶԣ 
ֻǼаĿƺϤ˼ĵ㲻ǱˣȻǲ֪ǸССɽȣɽ֣Ժһ 
ǲ£о 
ƳһۣѲ£߲ȥġ 
һ˵ɽķԭһÿͿúܺáҲһѻˡ˭᳤֪ã 
˵Ҳʮ꣬˵ǴӺܾǰͿʼ԰Ҫȣ 

ȴ˼¶ǵİ 
Ҳûһˣֻɽȶ棬ǸЦ 
Ϥķ羰Ȼûлٵһң 
Ĭ齣Ƿ 
ƺģ֪ЩʲᣬȴƺǺͿˡ 

ͻȻ䣬ҲֻͲסįƲðա 
ϧֵȵģǿ֮һսǲƵĶ֣һӡϷǷϡУվ٣˿ɰǲ뷨Ҳ͸ıˡ 
ƺȴܵ 
СУ㳤ÿ 

ֶӵǼҲֱȴ 
ĻУֻʺ˿˿ԽԽ١ 
Ҫʱս᣿ 

ȻսʱҪģҲû뵽˵Ŀ졣 


峿 
һҹƣ껹ں˯ͻȻͱײѡ 
ֽʱɫŭǳ 
ĺȻָоǡ桱ʲˡ 
ҿһֵ֪һϣʲˣ 

һҹлƣۣ·ɱܳȥ 
һקסϽӻش齣Ц˵ǺҲûʲ˲ȴû˵ϷҶУֻһߣǿǽˣҪϷ֣һʤյӣЩͺҵˣǸϲߣ֪ɱɱù⣡ 
ңĺȻĿ 
ʦ²ˣȥԺֻЦһ̣ǺЦǼ⸱ģ˵ǻҪҪ㣿 
޳ָŰҵӣֻɥĴͷҪ죿Ҫڣ 
ֱ޵ݣ 

ֺαԥҪȥ㵱ǵܾͺã˵ҵˣҪңǹ飬˰ɣ 
Ȼڶૣƴҡͷ־Ŀµı 
ϢȻͼ 
ûõģܾҲûõģΪѾˣ 

ּԼ춷춯ƺ˽ 
춯ԽԽĵɫҲԽԽ԰ס 
ģúÿ죬 
קĵ־ͰϣȴҪȥ 
ס֣Ҫʲ᣿ 
ȫʦֵϣ㱲ֿ治ͣȺ϶Ҫʦأ 
Ѿܾûеĳˡ 
Ϊķħ¸һλߣķƽаһķΪһգʦԲţܼʦλΪҶ֮ҲϷѹħ 
Ȼ˭֪Ƨɽּ䣬һµ 
βˣҲͷٰ裬ܻصǰģȥߣʸػ˼ 
ǰһƬ谵ǷҡЮֵͥԺУɽĵÿ£ǽʵɢ 

ּ䣬ȵĽŲ䱸ɭ ϤĽ! 
ɫɮһſ,ԺӶ½ء˶Ʈжȡ 
춿ʦǣǶʮϵˡ 
ţΪǻѰǺã 
޷ļ棬ƴҪӻȥȴвֵǯĻ޷ 

Уǵİ벻ס΢ƺΪ 
Ҳʦܡ 
ֲ˱յͽ 
ҲԹСʮʱնħ֮ᣬ֮ǿõǵĳϣĽϷһδ 
ΨһĺߣǼҶµͽ 
ǶδʲӣһаӵĻУɮ²Ӱҵۣɫţ¶ļ羱˺ۡ 
޵ɮҲɮѲɮˣ 
߷ͣͼѷҵĿơ 
ȴƺŵɫôݶŪѳЩͷ޽ǡͷѹᣬϵǰ¡ҷ˿۾ʱ»˰ɣ 

ģΪ驤Լŭȵ 
ģʡ 
ģ֪ȫȻκʮ 
ʦ֣ңҲǩļ 
ǱѽģǼȻҵ˩Ǿͱλ˼գ 
ҷŵӶħǿɺޣձ 
ޫһеķų׹⡣ 
ȿɲԶˣұةģмЦ 
û壬߾һҽС 
ֻޫ˵ϣʱ¾Ⱦ졣 
ʦ֣㣬ɱĿҡ 
ֻƽĻø˵ǲߵġҪȻЩϲľøࡣ 
û֪˵Ǹҧȴ޷룡 
ΪҵƲ᣿󣡡 
µλſͣǷħ 
ǣ֪ħԼĺѷһԸȫȻ㣡 
ȻҵЦһ˿δ䣬ֻǻӳȥ쫷㴵ɢ󷨡 
ֻϻеĺɫ˺ۣǱĵĻ˵ӡǡ 
ͻȻÿɱķʥп˲ţǰϽ棬ΪߵĺҲֻŪһƤ⣬˱ϷˣĶ 
ɮ˵ƾʲΪԱίʵ֪ʶһȺ! 
ҷǻۣκβ˼а᣿ 

ס֣ңס֩ץסƣټ¾ 
ǵһսҵ֩ģˣƵЦûа£ɮ춵أѪ 
Ĳ㣬Ҫɱǣǩ 
ʦ֣𣿩Ҫ㣬ҲֻΪ˴㣬㷸ɫ䣬ǲĵĩ㵱ʲߣˣ 
󩤩㣬Ҫɱ˩鼱ֻп 
ҵЦȴԽаΪֻڴң 

ɮ𣬿ʼоġƺ 
ֻú̹ǣֻ䵽 
ѵֻΪһ˾Ҫ 
޹޹Ҳֻ̣أ 
ѶΨг̾һʦ˵λʦ֣ľʦǻǩ߰ɣ 

һԼȳɮ˾аЦ 

[] 

Ѷʦ˵λʦ֣ľʦǻ߰ɣ 
ɮֵĿ޷˵Ļ 
ĳĿ⣬ֻƵʣǼǷŰ࣬ޣûлڸ֮ˣͽʦŽ̻壬ʦǱ㵱û˩! 
ģѵ̰,Ի᣿! 
ģ־,˷̻壬ʦ֮! 
ģŵ,ѵֻ֮Ҫ᣿! 
ҵǧѰѰⲻФ,ν 
ͱԻ־ħһɶ񣡡 
ɮԲ,ŵú,Ŀв,ʹ,,񣬶ͳͳָġ 

ĵͷȥȻʹ״յȭͷֱѪȴûٽһ֡ڷҵϣ羱ỬĺڷĦ̹ǣʹ裬۾ֶߵˣǲǣ 
ԭҪɱ¾֣תĵļ磬ȻɤڶЩ⣺㣬Ĳߣ 
ߩ 
ҷأ 
ҧ֪Ǿ޿ܣѲ󣺡һǲߣ 
ƭңϾԼҵƽ߬ĵļ磬ֱǶ뻳У⻳οȴĵ㡣 
ҲɱǣһЦֻˣ·õҪߣǳ 

繷,ɮȴۻ಻,׷ 
ֻǷ,˵Ȼϲߣ˵ĺé 
ֻʵһ˷磬ɮڴɢ䣬ɮٻʱӰȫޡ 

ĵֻڲһ˿˿ζ֪ʱҧѪʱǰϸһקס亹֡ 
ֿļѣЦǻȥɽһĺãʡͺޣϧôӣǹŴĻƺӣȥ 
ɻĿҵᣬôӣȥ 
㩤Ҫҵʱʵ 
һֱȻ˵ЦƺΪղŵ 
ֻĿ룺¸ֻ߰ΪһʱЦϷʡⷼȻҵƣ巳ҲǺܿ£ 

ҲͲʹࡣ 
Ըſ֣ǲսᡣ 
ǣƫƫ 

˵˯ݾͿһҹ̾ΣԼҲȵչ͸뷿䣬ʱ䡣 
ְʱѾҪٵˡ 
䱧ԹСʱȥѧУ緹ϲϡ 
һԲϳԿףBMWɫܳһ·ҽУֻҪѧУ͸淢ռʻ 
ҲᣬֻרʱڻҵĽͨ߷Ҵܡ 
ڵһڿʱ˰ȫصѧУ 

ſһ߻ԼѣΡֳ˻ԻͰ§һһŲؽѧУ 

Ǹ棬ֱϵѧУӴֵѧУʡ 
һװ壬ΰӢĲͱעˡοгʸߵ˼飬彡Գĸ߲Ĳʩݡǹʮ㡣 
仹ûγѹͷԼͷֱڽſڣ೤ͬ/Ů׼طֿˣʵͬѧ̫ˣ˿ߣֺһѧҾͲ˵Сһ·ˣ̸㣺ְֽҲδ̫˰ɣ˵ͰǵСӸˣҪΰܳŶ 
䣬һȺֵӣٿ 
ȴֻǳ̾Ϣһó䣬עĽѰǧĸˣЩӣɲҼӲ²⩤ 
䣬һȺֵŮһҵļУͳͳӵǰ˵ﺬʪж⡣ 

䱻ɧҳѣԻ̧ͷʣϿλ¿ˣ 


[] 

ֱıɱ뷨 
ʴﻹһ,Ǧʵ,һɱˡ 
ûҪ,ˣ,Ǹ˾ͬ 
Ǹкⳤȣһͨܶģȴɱ˵˧ˣİ೤ŮѧϰίԱŮ¶Цݡ 

С簡СӣǳƣĹϵ𣿡 
ҡҡͷ 
೤ЦֻñϱЦúëֱûõģѾˣ˵Ŷ! 

һ˵Ҹ䰡ǰˣŲȺСģ 
ʱѧϰίԱ־ˣ֪ǱȤζͷԻǱֵЦԻģȻʣСҿƺûҪɵ˼СߣҪ˵Ǻģ 
ɲƺûǴǰöֻǰΣֱԵ! 
ҲŲסˣ͵վŶȥ£ͬȥĻм 
Ǿûȥݡ 
೤аЦֻʹüһķˡ ǹǻҼͬŮ 
ʲ᷽ 
Դ벻С磬İĻͿɣ 
λͻȻһ״ģһֱΪС˵ŶβΪʵ춱ҵȵˣ̫˩ǺǺǡ 
ηƤҲ˲㺮 


˵ȴù˵ͷû뵽־ȻɢҥԣһȻֳȫ֪ܣܿȫУ֪ģ̵βȥ̸Ͳ֣ 
ǣѶԸĻǸ 
ʱ۾ֲרע֮ʱ·ֻƵĩǧҲûгˢǸִ 
ֻÿֲ֪־ҪʲᣬǲԼǰ˾ͿԲñأֻܸ㣬 
СȻѵĻԼٸһ̸δ 
ڲٳˮͷ߷ʱһëݵǰʶ˲ʪ°͡ 
ȴ֪˿һ档 
ϴͷͽë͸ˮ飬򢷺ʪ󣬱ˮò԰׵ΪëĴ෺ΣͬĺɳһˬĻ 
ݣǰΣû׵Ƿģ޷ܵĩ۸ 

һѽ䩤 
ع;Լĳ˵ĻһʱЩѣΣû״һ̵ĶͽӴ촽ڼУ¸ 
찡һǼⷩ϶ǲݵζĸ̻ȹģȻҪǮģԣʱ 
ɴûܹĴֻ̼һЩĳסҪӡ 
һֱûз䣿 
ס죬ҡҡͷԲ۾˼ǣҪС𣡣 
Ժӣֱּŭͷ𣺡ǰĻһ㶼û 
ûҪɿ˼ 
ȴеβ͵èһУͬѧ˿ˣҪҪſң 
һУԲ˶ˣ 
סڣ 
㲻ܹһ𣿲ٶˣ 
ſҾͲ 
شһ׺ݵǡ 
䲻ˣȻֶ̧һ¡ 
ɻĿҼȥ 
ι֣Һúõĸ˵㲻ң̫ƽˣ 
ƽ 
ǰ˵ǰˣã㣡ǲʾڵҿװʲģǸеģ 
ûǰҲǸө 
ҲҪˣǰǰ䣬˭ǵǰЩԼˣҪҵԽ˵ԽŭֱúģҲǲб 
ȴ¶ʹɫ㲻Ը֪㲻Ըǵң˵ 
ңû˵Ҳû㣬ˣ䷳ĿȻԴͬѧе֣ʵ޷ϴԴһ̸ȥһ𷢷裡 

ǰ˵ҪǵģֻǧҲҪټּᶨ˵ΪǰԵЩЪ˹ 
ҲǵãҲ֪֣Źңһˣȥ·תߡֻ͸оס 
ʧɫǷԶߴߵûеõԭˡֻǧһҪҵ㣬ǵԼһҪң 


һѣΣȻΪָʲˣǱˣȥǸճϵļⷣǷʵߴǵռǰʲᡣְѻӵסһͻƾʧ촽ͽ࣬ȵĺ 
ˣ롣 
첻ֻһŮӵļУһܿɰ崿ĵŮԼܵˣǸٶȿúɱĿ 
ʱ亹ֱɣץУôԼݣѧУʷĸ߲ⲻһӢ᣿̵λɱģ 
㩤ɵĺ£ҧгݿ֡ 
֪ʱıֻΪĺֻ꣬ѷֿóˡ 
ǻԭƣƿ 
ȥץס֡ 
ȥɱڣ 
Ҫ𣿡Цǵ¶ȫУĹˣɣ 
ʲ㱰޳ܣ쵰 
ֲҲҵһЦǰǸɵĻ쵰 
ֻЦﾾһ£Ȼᣬˣֿûקסû׷عɿˣٶȣҲ· 


ֻؿ࣬˭ֻ֪ж࣬ʮԣ֪ˡ 
ѰĺãǰͷһЦĶ 
ǣʹ࣬ûʼյֻأûʼյĹ¡ᩤˡ 
ֻǾӰֻʶȥԭǧεںֻصͷ 
統ңǲҲѵֻûа취ڸԼĴûа취һʧȥĶԭҵĶ 
֪ʱﴵҶͩ䣬ĪҪˣʱҶҪˣҪˣ 


[] 

ʲģǸļⷵıѣ 
˾˵ҵϣҲͰգ̵ĺǿµĶ 
ĵײţֻǽϵžᣬѪĵĹ欣ⲻ˭޿ɻģ 
ҵڵϣֱֱĿŻ 
Ĺ۽üֱ 
һ֣˼İԹա 
޿ɿ͸ԸԸˣȥ 
ڣǸҲȥˣȥ˾ϣ˲пᡣ 
ɫĳίأɣ޳֡ 
ϵ˺۶궼ûȥµģΪۣʧȥĺ𣬶Ϊһۣʧȥĸࡣ 

޿ɰ㲻һˣҿԲȥ㣬ˣҲҪҵҵᩤ 
Ҫɱ 
¶ҵ΢ЦԼֻ֣ϸ԰ף 
ֻŮ˵֣ʲ취أԴ仯ľأ֪һ£ΪŮӣȻǿǧģ׷Ѱ֩ȴƣʺս仯ʱСĽ̫棬ᾫѪ̥ɼЩƴҲҪıͬࡣ˵ΪӣԭΣɷɱ 
ɱְʹپãǻ˵ĵʹ仯࣬ʲᡣ 
ǰ£ջǸֹˮˣںѿֻʵȥˡ 
ڵ©ҵǣǶصҵ 
ǿɺ޵ļⷣ 


ԴǰֵС뿪ʼնûзſģ֣ת˲¡ 
Լ֣ΪΰСߩ˵⣬ζҪҶɮھֻǸƯкȥ겻֪١ 
ƫ࣬ǿĿ˶ưԺϷŪʱǷ𩤩ƺǸİԺҪеҪߺӣ˫ҹǵ۩Ǻҵ˵ļ 
һжҪ 

һ֣꣬˶꣬꣬С˺¶һ֪˼Ҷ֪˼ء 
ҪӣĺסԼӡǣ᣿ 
սĽ֪ζ 
᣿Ӳģҵģģ 
ʹÿռʱ˹ÿζ¶ʹľ᣿Ǿǿк֡ 

࣬깻ˣ㹻˵־ 
ĺγةĵ֣һɮִʲأ 
ɻ󣬺ܰգֵֻƬУֹȥи˴˻ĹҾڴæҲûǴߡʹϷĴǻúõİڿüĵط˵ںֱֵúԡںų˵֪Ҳ˵һ㶼ͬҪ˵Ǿֻһ󩤩 
ɮˣԲԣ 
ûʳڣ² 
֪Ǹ˭ 
ϸŻʵĲţһʿŲûд֪˵ķŽ޿ɣڼҶʱɮ˵¼ķԴȱˣ𷨾ȴԸɮڻʽڻܷᣬһȥ١ 
ȴԭ˹죡 
ֵķŭһֱܵϡ 
²ӣȴֻǸıĵò޷ͷʹࡣ 
𽥵ģʮ꣬£·ıٵȥ֮ģҵ£Ӣĳס 
ɮˣϾƣʱһʱɢͷڶ裬ͳ[Ц쳾] 
ǰЦ 

ֻؿֻ࣡ؿ࣡һĺο࣬һز 
ǳǳ 
ι㻹ᷳҪ㵽ʱҪұһѰ׹ǣ 
УһҪ㩤㰡ҵĩɲ 
 
᣿ģʲ㶼ˣҿɲʣ© 
԰СУ 
ָİ볨½ǵε 
ģĿɲҵģǰĹ 
ǿû취ܸģֻө 


ĵϣһĽֱȾ 
ɫ㣬ְֱѳֲס 
סԺʵ꣬Ħ⻬ϸµǣֱ½ȥ²ɬǽܵỬ˶ĹǺ⣬޳ָ𽥼ٵһֱ£´»ȵĵӲһ£ĴϢֵ׹顣еĲ壬ҾԼҲ˩µշתӱܣûãаĵЦչϡһҧסɫ٣ʹõ͵;ȴһҧ۵ͨ죬һķҪˣһܲ˩ 
Ҳ͵ĳϰµ˺ֻۡһǳӾͳн޳ȼ䣬ص˽˳¶ĻխСȴڽ 
ҿҰ˱ĵĴҧ̵С³һʹ౯иҲ˵ûлᩤ˿Ľİ䶯ʲ֣ǿߵƵģĻɳƵĵм䣬ʱʱǾܾʩҪҪ 
Ҫݲ˵ҪһûҪûة 
ɶֱǸ˽˶ַġҪЩ˵ȥһ̣Ǳɵ۾µΪĩ 

[] 

ЪҰϡھ˯ȥձʪֹסеķţֻƽѵû˾Щ᣿ 
ǵģķƸ꣬ľ 
ǲϧ֮Լףֻǲ˵ڶ𲻵ϲô֮÷Ȼķᣬ޵ݡ 
ȥˡΪ˲ߡߣҲ޴ȥѣɮ֮Уû˺Աѡ 
֮ı˵ġ 
Ϊ㲻٣һֱһֱҡ 
ΪǸ˳ӵ꣬𽥳ֵºһϰߩϰ˱ӵУϰ˱ 
µĻ̹ʵչ¶ԼΪϰˡ 
ǩ 
ǲ뷨᣿ 
Ϊ֣߱Σɻأ 
Ϊˡ 
˼꣬˶ٲɣ 
ֻΪ쳾ǵβ֮ȴҪ̹ʰ˩֮ܿܿڣް꣬ǿģֻ֪һָҲֻǻөȴǵðֻصġֻһ˲֪֮ı޳ 
֪Ƕ޳ 

ԷʵʵĿҲʱ¶󡣩 
ʲ᣿ 
ΪοԶ 
Ļعͷ 
ѾƵ־¶顣һ񵭵ĮЦ΢Ц 
룬ҪˣķҶҪ˩ 
ļ粻᣿ 
úܽɽ£һСӣҸĸĿʶׯˣǰҶᣬûǡ 
ȻĿ˫ĿСнĹȥѵã 
ǲҪˣ 
ǰҸ˷橤Ƿǳϡ 
ʹҪʧȥԼĺӣ 
һǵ磬иãʱҿǲȱ˷ 
ȻأǺֵ 
һ죬˵ǱΪԲĥҵӡǣʾҵݣרԴ˼䩤а 
ǸҪаࡣɫɢһأͬèڰϣааĿ 
괹ڸݼŵĺ䣬һĸеģɫҪĴνѡһذƽ֡ 
ԳЦұȥǸһҵҵʮ֮ڣü 
㻹ȥ˩ 
ıǺľġ 
ķҶģһ࣬ϧûǱɽѪľɫ 
ȥԺʡ 
Ҳ룬ټˣңҴӦ㡱̾Ϣһ˵ˣҲߡ 

ΪҲӲ޹ 
ݶ 

룿 
ȥҸҶɽĵط 
ȴҲ̾Ϣһüϡеοǲȥǿе鷳ֱۣһӾͰק뻳У۵Ķߵ鷳©ôөé 
ҲʣΪʲأֻǹӣѵˮ 
ҧסʩӳͷˮ 
Ϊβӣ 
μˮˮЩŮӣֺܵиǴөǸüƲǸ⡣ 
ĵͷȴʲᣬ𽥾£ 


[] 

ӣǸ٫ˮڰǰ 

޿ˣһһ壬һȥ١ 
βĴѰȫȻ޹һ·ȥҪѰҡ 
ȥƱҪӡ 
з򣬹ӵĶף񣬷÷УȴѰУ˿Ҫȥɱغӵͯӡ 
ˮͯ׼һ£ӰƮҡɺӣǸɫ٫ 
٫ȥǵһתʱˡ 
Ƶںӱߵȴ˱Сȴһǰβ֪˭ֻùòʱ¼٫ˡ 
٫٬Ц¼Ȼԭ£Ҳǵеʾ 
ұӵĿҵǸˣ 
ģҲһ 
Ǿβɣʲ֣ 
Ҳֿˮ 
񲻶ɫֻغˮĻƽƽ 
ûϢƣ۲ʮֲִŭΣ 
ҪҵˣС 
˵Ӽƽ̰ɫҪغӰÿ깩Ůö˼ɢ 
ЩŮӱ̣ᣬкþǱ˱Ǳū潼ˡҲͰˣе΢Ҳ亦 
ԷҼֱ裬βŭƿڴɣ꣬˵ıǺǿģһأ̶ 
ƣۣ٫ȴϧû棬˷һᣬҺݺݴһڸϿͱϣͷȥȻҲ˲Сˣصɽ䲻 


ʱҲġ 
߾Ĭ˵һ䣬һ۵ļⷣͽˡȥ§ǿɰģ˳ӿɰġ 
ֻСĵĴ֣˵ϰԿյķ羰ȥ 
˵ҲĵС 
ǿ⣬ʱûعˣ 
ʲɲɵأ 
Ѿȥ˵뷨ˣȻע޷ѣǲޣӻǲӣҲͲҪˡ 
˵ģһֱûеõ֩Ҳûҡ 
־Ե 

[] 



ʱǳģͷסڽϸ· 
һϮɫɴı˿ϵ½ɢ·ǲǱʽˬ࣬ز㡣 
˶Ҳûб仯Ƕʮͷ 
ǰĿЩڿ곤ЩվҲһĸ߰ 

ûвǵġΪ˵̬βȴΪɫĲ졣 
ԭϸ׳Ͼͱζ۽üһ첻Ĺһ̬裬һɫ㵹ͶݽýݣֻһֵŮ˫糺죬ֱ 
ȴƫƫҪ׵¡ 
ɡ޳ϸֱ۾ǱɡʤƵģ 
˦֣ŶЩˡ 
һԵ֪ǹģһСʯ߶ֻ֣Ľӹɡ 
һۣΪڸֵΪֻôЩһϸ£΢ֵƤ⣬ֱ۾ٴ¶ǳºۼ 
̲סչӣ΢΢ƫµĶ䣬ĵĦ֧ɡ֣һɡ͵˵ϡ 
Ҫˣ 
ʰɡŻСֽգ·˱㿴һٳ⡣ 
ɫ˲ͦģεȵĿˣ 

һ۵Ľ˶꣬üͦһµˣ绪һ·ȥɾ£ƵƵǣⴿòҲٱĿ⣬ֵԣȻȥᡣ 
ס˱Ŀջȥ֦ҶԴӳ¥ԼԿķܡԷ̴Ѽʢ֮ؾһ 

Ĺʵһɬ 
طǴϰ򣬿ƼҶɮʱɽگ¹ҵ 
Ļɽ羰گ䣬Ӧ֯ﴺһгغɡĴҴΣɽˮ˷ҰڲȻר羰ģ 

˵ǲҡǲǣڡ 
ɮ࣬㩤㻹ǩ 
֮ǰҲû뵽Ժʶ˲ٰգߡֻЦϧϲģѾǸСˣ 
ǶǰһŭĿӣȴֻƽӵһߣһоơ 
ʲᣬ 


׵ᣬƵ˿˿Ͷֵϣɫľúȣʹϯı顣 
ָ֣ŪỬķ˿˿ָ仮˿˿ġʱ򿿹һҲ˿˿ġߣǺβ 
ϤָѲϤĵط½ıյİû˴šּ꼱ٵĺ 
ȵ 
Ѿ˽˴˵ˣȻľһкÿһϰߵķʱұҪ 
һֱϲӱԿұĺ 
ˣƵסֽţ˶ȵ߳ˮˮʪҵϣճڼϣĶԽˡŨң֪˭ϵĸࡣ 
ˮʪĲͣ˺ǵϵϸСˮ飬ȻζĴ 
˻ƵĽ 
ҪȶҵĶ̵ӹϽʹˮѾʪ͸ӵ䵽ϯϣǻִֵĲֿƤƤˮգ໬쳣ꡣ̫ǿҵĴ̼ĵƵƿƻ䣬һһֻʧԣ졣 
ĩĩ 
˦ڳг۳ʹ໶п㯣 
ҩ͵͵˵Ȼ۩ˣͿҪֻҪҩ 
ֱͷԼ 

ˮֻɳƵֵĻǩ賓סһթ 
ðֻҪ롣 
ſؿڣƣۣ͵ͣааЦ 

[] 
õģõĩ 
ֻҪ멤 
ֻҪ 

͵۾Լڿһ˵Ŀǰ 
վӣѾˮ͸ 
ղũ 

۾ȴ벻ղƮξ 
ϡǵǵ 
ֶʱԼЩ仯 
ƺܾûˡ 

ʮʱ˼Ӽ¥ˤµΣ˵ڳ塣ȴֹ˵ǰξʱСÿÿξšǽģʲ˽һ￪ʼ˱仯ʱ֣ʱˣƺ˵ʱһЩ 
ĸȥõƣȴҽŪò㾫ġûκá 
ֱһ죬ͻȻ˩ʹ˹һСӣɼ죬Ը˳Ӵ˲ٺҲٱšȴѾ֪ҪʲᣡҲ֪ԼֻΪ˭ 
Ϊˣ 

ֿԼ˫ֻ֣ղƺץסʲᡣ 
ǱģȪˮ˿У޷ǵĴУʵҲ봥ֻΪЦúܺÿԺץסʲᣬҲаЦüеġ 
ûץס֮ǰ 
ͬˮв׽µĵӰ 
˫ֲ䣬ͷͣ 
ź꣬ʲҲûʣ£ 

ҩİģҲϤ֡ 
Ȼڰ壬ǰǿڰ壬½дֵ 
ֺ䡣 
ǵģ䡱 
ŮִСһСӺܴŰɡ 
ʲҲ֪ʲҲ벻ˣСļȣǹ΢ 
ҲڤڤϲԵϧϧ̹ǵʹ 

ҸأֿЦ˫ֻģҪĶ ûץǰٰɻ޴룬ԥˡ 
䩤ǰʲᶼˣ̾Ϣջ֣ 
ѧʱ䶼СʱˣǸֵļΪ˶Ȼȷŭˣ 
첻Լȥʣ೤˾ͻȹŷŹ 
Ϊӵڵ̫ˡ 
뿪˽ҡ 


һй㳡ǻ 
ؼңΪǼǿյġ 
ϰ֮ᣬŬʹ࣬ΪǸƸ߶ֲʱȥ游סȴܲ˵߶ؼһˣܲ˼įܲ˷棩 
һҲһڵƻɺĽֵѰʳ 

ȻʱȥС꣬պϱڣܺóԣҲܾ¡ 
ƣĿ˺٣ϰǸͷ׵ˣƽʱܴʱ˵ĺڿ۾֪һŶӢʵСŮɱ֡ 
ǰΪαװ˵Ϊ˵ﲻҪ̫֣һ¡ 
䵽̨ǰڵϡ̿ʼϰ屧Թ 
ҿ˩ˣ 
ϰֻǿһۣȸһ裬Ȼʣǲʧˣϲ˴ء 
㻹ҿЦε鷳ʧѽЦһұ˸ף 
ϰͰĿϲҲ˴ء 
ЦβǿɰСѧҲǻòѧǸ˰ĳ˽˹ 
ϰֻ£ƽȵ΢Ц 
ͷҾÿ£Ϊ˵Ļ֣ǿɲͨıףǸ񾭲 
ԭԭ˵ɡ 
˵Ҫۣ*ͨķ۵ļƣĳԣѲ˵˲ʽʼ߿ࡣ 
ϰĽһǿ侲ЦʱʱЩ⡣ 
һӲɫ̾Ϣͣȴûͣ 
صǣҩҪһ񾭲ľ룬߷޵Ǹеģ 
ϰƽȵ˼Ƭ̣ͷ侲һֱǺҲһµĴڨʽҲ˵ 
ڨĳ˴ 
ҲǸGAYע⣬˽Ǹߣǰ˵ӽ㡣ϰ廹һܻӭ˶ˡ 
̫Ѩͻͻϰ壡 
ã˵ģҪ𣿡ϰͰ 
ѻ㺬ԥƬ̣ͬѰҾúѣ 
ûѡǰĹ½˶𣿡ϰ裬ֱһں꣬ⷵʳʵڲзյˡ 
꣬ȻϰΪԼ澢ʧЦǺǡȻǰʵǵãǾԲǰ̸˵ 
ȻҪأ 
ĳ˼̾Ϣ 
ϰҡͷˣҪȻһЩ䣬㲻Э 
ʵ룬Ҳͦģ 
ԼܿʱϵĿɬƺǹҲԸʲǰǣ̫Ц 

ϰ̾ϢһͻȻЦݣĿһֱģ䡣ΪԼǵһʱ𣬺ҴӦ˵Ҫ󣬵ǲ˽ԼԸĴкýÿ˳ŮѣȻֻ˼ҲҪˡʲ״̬ȫΪԼΣԸԼҪʲᡣҪһֱԣһǺԼ 
ֻһݣ˻ԴңҲԣֻǩ 
ֻǩ̫įϰ嵭ӿڡ 
СƻİϰԼֵʹҶڹ̨ 
ֻǾϤĻҷǳȷǰҲ˭˵ϧ벻 
ǵģֻ̫į 

Ȼͷڹ̨ϡ 
įúˣŲܾЩŮӣ뽻ͽɡ 
ϧǰҲĿòѧУ׵ûں䵽Ǹʲˣ 
֣ҲΪõ˵ǡѰһӰӣȴں˭ᷳأ 
ʧܩҪɹһβźé 
į˹ԣȴҲįȥʹġҪ⾳ѳźá 

ҲȥԲԣϰ壬ϰ徲飬̧ͷ 
ǵģ䡣˴Ц 
ȻͷһȣܸˣȻֻʣһСϰˡ⼸˺̸Ĵܱϰֻࡣ 
ϰ壬лл㣬߿ࡣ 
ϰ廹Ĩӣ߶ʱǵˮԼҲ橤㰡ֲҵǸ 
춼ֺǺǵģǲǾԼӻѽ겻ˬʡ 
ϰЦˣǲǵ¶ûعζ͵ͷˣںûʱں 
ϰ˵ܳŶĬһʣֻ᣿ 
˵ںϰժϵĿҶӽͰҪֻأȺںʹĲ֪ݵˣǿ̾һҪͷǰֻˣǵҲôҪûֻأǾ͸ɰȫҿ࣬ⱧԹԼͰ˷ˡ 
ˣһЦƺͦе˵ǰ׸裬һŮĳģСЦ쳾 
ǩЦã˭ȨЦϰգգھ۾˵ 
ǰǰһںȸɱ裬ںȾƣҪõöˡ 
ðɣҵˣӻ֣ҺϢ 

ϰЦͷĿš 
ٲʶζ 
ͷģνϵķ羰ֻèƵݵĴ·ԶԶЩ 



[] 

ҵһگ¡ 
԰ǰںխСϢֻΪ˵ȴĳ˵Ĺ 
ûеǸˣȴ,ӴͲٵȴ 
ֻµߣĬĸ 

ԸЩǮ֪ɮ̬档 
ҡȣⲽȥϡĻ԰ȥ 
ľֻԺڵӰ۱͸ɭɭ⡣ʱյգϡ裬֪㵽ĸȥĿտȴҲ⡣ 
ѾʧȥĲǰȵ޶ԡʪ£ֻЩȴʼյκδ 
˳ʱһʱתȴĵӰ 
ֻ΢΢Ȼ˵ȥΪķޱߣֻΪѴζǵѪȣŨŨһ 

ڣߵòպ׷Ѱ 
ֻʱĻ䣬Ժ궼ûиı䣬һשһʯϦģ 
ʱճΪߣԸҪΪħڴ˵вΪмľ飬ҪڼλĿ֪ˡһסɽķ˼ңϳ 

ֻ֦ߵǰ*Ǹֻһ㣬ʯɭɭǣлʼɡ 
⸡΢Цˡ 
ԴŹľᡣ 
ԴӿǸ 
Դôӡ 
Դگ֡ 
ڻμĶҪĶԼʱֻƬԣȷģļ䡣 
ҲǶԵģҲǴġ 

ᣬһԸ΢΢ƫԼӣ̾ͱӵһ 
ǲֵ֪߳ܵɱ̫Զ 
ߵ̫Ļ 

ǸǰŵǸСɳ֣æܹкʩҪ 
һɭȻĶֻᷳķζǺ 
Ϊ˴ĸĴ˼ӣݸϲصСɳ֡ǽȥɺãСʦ 
СɳǮڵĹ· 
Ŵ򿪣̨ףƵƵ롣 
ʲÿģ 
䲻ССĽȴҲȥķζһ൱Ũҡ 

λ̴ԽĲ֪ϸϸگԭǸɽԺǸϲ˽ضû֪ǰƫ£ʮǰλʥɮڴԲţ̾͢گǻگءԵʵѵãѵãҲհµ־͸Ľзگ 
СɳȻȱ˳ƪۣԴοͣһп룬ȴмʵ 
ʥɮ᣿̾Ϣһ΢㯣εˣΪʥ 

Сɳĸֻ̾ˣͼҪ˵ʥɮǸ˲֪˲˩ʦǽʥɮ귽ʮ꣬ͱͯѧ±ʤ֣ᵯپݺѵСС;̳ͨʱƣǼŽѻȸ˵ʥɮС뾩ǻ³ңʮ꿪ʼ͢ͷͲϣÿնɼаǿٳޱȰ˭֪ʥɮ鵭ͣ͢ñһȥηɮ˩ʥɮȻнħĴһ·Ͼȿѣճħλʥɮڵĺߣ˵ãȻתͶ̥ģʥɮȥ޶˭֪٣ֱʮǰ 

ʹСɳԴ֧ᣬǰ©ᣬרעƺûһ˵ûκα飬ֻɫԽԽ԰ףһһȥ 
ǰһ޴ķ裬ͭͼ֮龳һ̴ľ𲭣ϳһ񣬳ƻкģֻſɼķӡ䣡 
ҵָ΢΢ȥҪȴ˼ϵ졣 

Сɳֽе̴Խǰʥɮ 
ȴֺݺݵץס졣 
˵Ǹ˩ʲᷨţ 
ɬд͸Сɳֿӱ񼸺Ҫ˵ֻ֪ 
˵ҵӲɳơ 
ССʱЩпվ 
ᩤԲ֮ʱأҧ 
ЩǽЩ޿ɡǺȿ־ͯڳĴ𰸡 

޿ 
޿ 
޿ɣ 

[] 


ֱһУ͵ذѹϵĶɨ˵ϡȫȻ˽˺ǵģʹֱϸС˿ѪֻʧЦ 
ʲ䣡ʬǵĲûķˣǸ㻹ڴ˷ 
޿ɣ 
ץסеĽɫ񩤩ǵģǲˣǸǣķˣƽüĿǰһ㣬ֻǱиϡҲֻǸˣ޿ɣֻ¾Ϳĥ㣡ҪƵģҪѵĶںδȥֻ 
ϣ׻û㣿 

Сɳŵôˣ̱һԲֻܶǰǰºѵӷҿǸ񡣻ƽӲȴϸѿ 
ȻСɳָеһȣòΡΡһ֪ǻѪʱһȥ 

˫Ѫ߰ߣԴӺᣬһѪ 
оִʹֻΪ˿̣ѾȫȻʧȥʹʣµĲˣֻǼССĽƣꡣ˵ᣬ໯ΪңĸɮܷΪ 
޿ɰѵ뿪֮ᣬŵ˾򣬲ŶϳԵųֻ 
Ҳũţ 
طʱ̣Ȼһգ 
˵˼ֻ̳޿ɼУĺԿ 
ȵҺӿ 
ʲ᣿ɻ󣬷ң־壬ʹ࣬ãȻ˼Լ޷ĸо 
¶ơ 
ֻĬ 

־ûйıʹ޷Լ 
ǲԼ׸ʲᣬ߸øʲᣬֻϡ˴ܾЩš 
Ҳ֪˶ãȹˣʹıԵתȻɫȴ 
ٿԼסƣȵĶ޿ɵСĵİССԼСⶫɲãĶͷҲܸ˺ҪúõıĻƽڣɢѹȵϢˡ 

񣬷ҶµΣϣ֪Լ˴˵ء 
ΣҸ񷣬ƺ 
ķХԳʣ˲ĿԶֻĲ£ռŹȡ·Ψʣһˡ 
綯졣ֳ̾Ϣһҵ˼ƽ 
֣ͬ٣Ϊʲ᣿ 
ҪˣҲֻ᣿ֻصһǵһʹ᣿ǵãһоɴͷֻҲδĩԲԣ޿ɣ 
ӦֻϡХ쭣ʱЦ쳾ک׵ 
ֻصĿ࣬жࣿ꣬ЩЦֻ֮صĿֻ࣬Լ֪ 

˵ˣ׸ǻʵġ 
ҪЦ쳾ȴǿޣģֻ̾һֻ̾صࡣ 
ʵֻرû࣬ʱĻҲ⡣ 
˵裬͸ȥˣҲȷʵȥˡ 
޿ȥˡǸûˣ 
ʹǾǿңҲ޷ץסˡ 
ڣ˭ڣ 
ڣǾǿĺӣ޶˴ˡ 
ںδ 


[޾] 


ĵҲһȡ 
ѪɽеģѪ 
ǽƻֿƻȴ⸡ǰʧ˳ԡǰԵǣڷگֳ¶ˡлѳĿơȻ뵽ɹȴû뵽˵ס 
Źǵ֣Ȼ־ңȫȥ˺δ 
һοֱִƻ䡣 
ѪҲϣʺ 
ûκεĺ棬˵ûʱȥֵΪʲ˵ʹ࣡ 
ֻ֪ԼҪջᣬҲֻһˡ˳˸ƵĳԺʲҲûЯ񱼡 
Ĵңֹô 
͹ȥ˺ӵһ 
ļ磬ļҶ©ߵһУ 
֣ôӣ 


ǲ߲ݵıֻۣһһҹ͸ϵ˺ӿڡַ·ʧһ㣬Ȼû׷ 
һ඼ϴ˴Ҫ߳ǣĽӣ̾͸Ц 
͹Ҫأ 
ǵģԽԽãٿ 
̲߰ˮļѴڣЩ߰ɣӿ 
ĽĿǰĺ棬еĽӣǵĴҰˣգֻҪ͹˺ӣ 
ӺĽӣʲҲˣ˴һ𿪴 
һļı⴬˾ˡ 
ʱǿֵֻ׷٣ʶΣա 

Ȼ˼ˮļⱾǶɺӵӡ 
һǴĺֱת֮УȴֺȻ꣬׵罻ˮ͵úˡ 
ʵͻأֱ׶ģ 
ȻڴҽײнӰ 
ĲֻܴһǱΦ֧šʱ׶񣬴㸲ˮ˽һţ˾ľļˮУԹˮ߼ľҲͱС 
ͷĵںˡֵ͵ҲΪвפͼҽ޷˶ϣҪȻļУҲȱֽúЩ 

ǣУȴûȥ 
ſ۾ǻߵĺ̲ǰһɫ۵ӡ 


ʲ᣿ȻĲȹһʪûӡ 

ʧȴۣԼǵзˡ 
վԼһ˿ 
ĺ̲Ϸ缱ֻӴñ 
˭ģʡ 
ȴ˵ֻ˼ 
ǸҲɵĶ 
ҩϵã 
˵Ǹ֣Եı任˱飬ŭŭϲϲͻȻ򣬺˵úӡ 
ѿڶֲԸӣΪ᣿ 
ЦЦŵϤĺζȻûв´ʶõúܩҸںδ 
ǵзѣҾ͸㡣ͻĴǰˣҪӣΪ˰֣֪ 
˹ЦƵõúܣһ£û㿴ס˱㼴ӵĺǣҲӲģ 
ɻĿǺˣ 
˰ĵ˴ˮ٫ҲٷҲҹԱȻΪбڴˡҽңа취Ը 
ĳɵгԹֻԶԶģÿܱ׷գЩʣڴ˵ 
ѵĩβǼ٫⵽ĵıᣬָ͵һƬƤ⣬ɰɫǺǣӡǣں㡣û뵽һˣ 
ˮмĿ԰׵꣬Щģһ׮⣬յЦ 
 㲻ǺҸһĻᣡˮָĵգҴӦ㣬һˣңȥٵֻˣӴˣԶ 


[޾] 


ﾪѣ׵컨巢 
ʪۣƺᡣ 
ϧȫǵεΡȫǵã 
״ѾϤֻǴ˼񣬾ںë̺ҵĲᣬˡҲûȥ׷ʲĵط 

˵ĹŹҲ˷һˮֶѡҲ޷Լξȥա 
˵޶³´лкô˰޵Ů˱˳٩ 
Щеûеģ 
ڳţҪٵˣ 
ٻ·ȥ 
軹æͷû˵ûа߶š 

һҪ˵һҪ˵ 
һĬһ߽ҡ 
ûΣҿ԰ԼٵĵطԴǿ侲ᶨһ㣬̬ҪǿӲһ㣡 
ҾԲϣپң˵ 

Ȼ̤ңҹ߳˵ȻֹͣˣһƬ̫˰գ 
ȻεĽңλûзֵӰͬѧˢˢĿŬصɣʲأǣ 
ֵһĸǰֱҡͷСӣСͿˣҵѽѧУ˵˼˵ 
ʲ°һֱǰ༶ĸεѯʡ 
೤ʵ̲ȥˣλϣӬһ忪ߣϰϰȥ 
Ȼͷ˸е˵Сӣ֧㣬Ϲ˵ʹ꼶ˣܶ˶֧ģ 
֧ʲᰡ仹û 
೤¶ƽʱǼթı飺ͷͬѧ°ڿȫУ¶ˣʲԼ֪ɣ 
죿ʲʲ᣿ 
ŬĻ:类೤۸Ȼᩤ 

ˮͷͻȻʶĹؼ 
ȫˢˢȫЦûЦı顣 
ʵ汾˽೤һѾס䣬Ц쳣 
ȵȣѾ˺ܶ汾𣿩ʲҲû 
⵱ȻǻԣǵȻ£ǳûмʱɱڡ 
СŮеˣȥ 
ܷͷ𣿩ƻˡ 

ȻС桮Ǹǲģ 
ĸѧУٳˮͷ˵˻᣿ڲ԰̣ѧУỊ̇ 
ʵҶ֪Ҳżȳѹѽ˧磬֪һڲ˧죬ѵҵĻЧˣ೤˷ܵ˵ˡ 
˵֪ڵ״ 
ͷֵ⵲ѾȫУʦ֪ܲǲ漣 
縸ĸ 

أ˻һŮͬѧ˷һ߷塣 
Ǿֻҡͷ״̾ϢӲɽ̣ľɵ 
еδ̸ܿͻ೤˿ĵ㰲İɣѧУ鵱棬жװѧըǶҪѹС»ˡ㣬ʦӰУϣ֮ǵǰ;һҪϴԵģѵɡ 
侲ǧҪԼ˵ 
ʲ飬ҲŸҪͻȻˣˣ 
ʱ򣬷ֽ˽ҡ 
̩ȻƽʱһŵıװǰɢңƺձԼ˿ںȫעĿӼ˦Ĳ䵽λϣҲߡ 
Ǳ˵Ŀͷ̬ȫŮ꣬೤ĿǰȫûΪһ֮ļᶨ 

һ续꣬޹ģεпǽǣɫǴͱȽԵη壬ߵԶһ㡣һӢָߴ˧磬һקקϷʣüƺ͸óѵļթſϿߵĿ˶ 
Ȼڶһ㣬ȴǳģǳľ䣡 
೤ͻȻԼбҵʱһ־ԸдǶӢӦǶֵã 
ͻȻֵȥ·ϣ֪Ҫӣ䣬ѧ̸̸ 
仰ƺ䱾Ԥ˵ġ 
ǣûüش𣬵һڿεʦѾ߽˽ҡ 

[޾] 


ҾƣߵĻصջѾǵˣᣬᵽ˼ıζ 
Ҫ޿ɣڲƭگ 
־ҵʱ߰գ 
ܵóϴѪζѵ 

ǸðʧСǹ˴ӣԼĹȥˡ 
ǼǵԼ˵ĻԱȥãǱ˼ǲ֪ġ 
ǿòǣҪ£Ǹ٫ˣԹѽᡣ 
ҺȻ멤٫ðʧСҪЮ뷨΢ĳɣȻἴתѱ˳ĶҪãˮССҪЮβδЦ 

һ˵Ŀͷ̿ŭˣʹ֪޷ܱѡǲŭסǸƺڵȴȴûԵɵģǰȥģǣڷҾɵɵڿջеǸˣпɻƵͷҲûߣ 
ԼãΪǶ޴ͻƣ 
ǩѵ 
ֻЩ΢ĿܣĿܣ 
ֻǾã޷Ŀ 
Ȼ˵Ļƣ 


ſˣ߽΢ĳΧǸİĵط 
ֻСģȴͣ£˷䡣 
Ȼżʴǵζ 
㣬ˣֿƺƽһΣʲţıԼƽʱЦ߰ɫȴɹ 
ֻǳǳЦˣºͣ΢еΣ˵ңӦ㣬뿪 
뿪ʹҷ㣬Ҳ뿪 
ǵģ뿪 

Ѿ޷ˣѾûʲ˵ˡ 
־Сĵģ˵ǰ§ס뻳·һһξ 
̧ͷ㲻𣬷ң 
ս˸첲ԼŲѾǴǰ 
ССķ˩أ 

ӣһӶө 
ڼĽ֣ȴ޿ǲֻ 
Լ֪ԼҲһ죬Īֻ 
˵ĳİӲͷ֮ȥ 
֪Լʹǻزȥˣ 
ǸԼƺ۾ڡ 

ֻ΢ЦƽʱһεĿ˿ڣңˡҲӣⱲӣҪҩҲһӣֻһֻةҲ͸թҾ͸ˣ 
֪γڵİԴǣҵ£ֻһȻѾǷңȵʱ 

Ҫ˭ͷϢһ 
˳ģ˭Ҳûнٶ˭˭Ҳûַ˭һСĿʼ𽥾ԣѲ 
֪ظ˶ٱ£ֻһһ֪ԷҪĶֻǴӲĿˣӲϸǻֻ֪ܺӶᣡ 
εĲͬأ 
̽򳨿½ǻƤͲķʽĦģȵģϸͬһҶ꣬˽ϸСͻ𴦣ļ๣ֻĵʹʹѩ࣬¶ȥ²ġĸ΢İģŮ˶ϧǣ 
£һ󼱴ٵĴϢ 
ֺǳĿ⡣˲᣿Ҫ͡ 
ưס̵Դͷѧϰֵļջ־ 
˫ָģҲҪһҵյİǵ 
ֻǣڼٵĺյɫĶֱߩ 
ҡңҪ㩤Ҫ㣬ף 
ﻹɬڣȫǹƻģƶҰҵɫ΢΢죬ȴ˲ˡ 
ҪҾ͸㣬ֲǸ𡣡ֻǵ͵ЦȴȻһһ³ʱģаǡ 
ϷЩͬ 
ȴֹס֣̽ٵ˵˵ҡ 
ĦȪһ˳ĺڷ 
۾ 
ҪţͿ۾ 

ˣ޷ֱۡ 
ңǶ˷֪ݵʲʱ򣿡 
ҵʱ򣿡Цˡ 
ǸʱȫΪ㡣ЦҩЦҾͲ˵˩΢üͷɬתͷ˹ 
գǸŵĹ賓ҡССҲû壬֪֡ 
Ū㣡§ס¡ 
ǰŮĽ̬ǺѩϸĽשϻн壬 
ŵţǽ廹ԭֻǳ¾ˣɫΪš 
ϲֵ 
ǵģҺֻ㴩·ǣǺϸĽţҶ˩ 
㰡Ĺ򵹺ãҲ˼Ұ˰ĵжһôûЦˣóƵĻЦ 
Ҿ͸֪ԭӲĩ 
ᩤҪģѵʱң΢ʡ 
ĳ̾ң֮ǿңҲͲ˩ֻǿЦ֪Ů̬ңʱĶԭ׵óѩ֮ò˩֪ҵ˼ 
͵סǵңֻ͸ͣʱֻɥĺһƻ뿪ؿڡ 
һʱΪǵŭˡǣȴ˦˦Ǽ˿ааͿɣ㵽ϲĸң 
˵գسɢҵۡ 

ϡһҵ£ǰӲѹǻȵ壬ĥ˶ͦɿܵƻָʹࡣ 
ΨпƵΪʹҲΪ˻䡣 
˳귢Լ廹ڷȣ߳ϣƺȴʲ 
û᣿Ĳɲ 
ǣٴһ쳣ĴϤɫһĹĻֻ꣬Ǹˡ 
ȥ޳ָϸƩֻСִһĵطп͵ļֻ˯Ửë 
ϸƤƺʲ᲻ͬ 
˵ѵǸ˼ 
ϲĸңͬ˯һģ˵ľƣĹƶĸоԼ׹ȥ׹ס 
Ůġ 
ܡ 
Ĵ 


[] 


Ϊʲ᣿ 
Ϊʲû 
ΪԼӡ壬Ϊһʹࡣ 
Ǳ˺һʹؿڣѪƵģ 

һڵϣͷѾҪˡ 
ǲǸߣ 
ıѣˣҲɣ 

Ǹ߹ЦģԼ 

ڶ죬ִ˯һҼ䣬ѾҲĵӰ 
һΪֻǳȥߣǣԼȻ޷ԭεʱ򣬾֪Ǹɵķ 

βȻԱ任Աԭվ̬֮һֱŮ˵壬ֻʮ֮һǵٸҲ޷ıʵзеõҲðգβҪðķվǽŮ̬ 
һңڵʱ򣬲ûǣΪķܴζ壬βʱų 
ճȻδǧ꣬ƾͽƻȻŮ̬֮Ѱ֣ûԼⲻ̬ı仯ʲΣ֮ 
֮ģΪǿסķվǼɵǸʿǷǳĽһֱСάԭΣŮӵ̬Ѱ 
ΩֻһΣ 
˾Ȼŵԣ뿪÷Һεȵ𾪿ϲʧȥƽʱ侲 
Ũ֮ʱ˿İŮ˵̬ǷˣȻûзϴյ 
溮ǵԭίҲ˼ȱֻǶͷʹóøսƻĴ 
ֵζŨһζѾ̫Ũڸˮ巨ζ 
ȻĺƭɥʧȣһԸ޴ ûзʱ򣬵УⲻǽƻΪ 
Ϊһˣɵ͸ 


ίڵصķҲûʧȥеѾɥ˼㣬ʹĲѣʹĵûȥޣڸøЩʲأҵɱϧѾʧȥ塣 
壬Ը٫ǾʤġƾǺؽϵԸٲ衣 
ͽͣõľβ䵽ز 
©Ͼͻġ 
ߵңѵİֻϻȡ 
کյĹ⡣ 
ֵĶͷõɮ 
Ȼ֪ⶫΪ̶ֳȣҲֻһҲң˾Ű꣬ǵߵʱˡ 
ϧİ 
жԸδٶҪ 
ֻȻһЦ㿪ԺĴѹƶȥѪȵζֱյอʹƵϧʹ 
Ȼʱͺ˲ǳĥң 
ַ壬Ť˲԰׵ 
޿ɣһΰңҽѡ 

[] 


ɫԹһֻʪִ۾ 
Һܣ٫ݣǰ̽ 
ֵɫһ壬ĴԼİ 
ݵ˵ӳˮ׵УֱöԸó٫ϲʤ 
ңپܾѽˮоЦ 
ؿɭȻҾܾ 
α̬һԲңϧҲ㲻ֻһɣѵҪͱսһԼҲ֪ǰ׷٫ֻǵЦᱡû棬Ƣ˿ûģֲмתͷȥ 

ֻȴǻãģܺ⣡ԹԸ߰ɡ̵úãҿ԰ѷӡ⿪ָ 
ͷɱ⣺ûѡ˩٫֮ǰ¡ 
ʲ᣿ˮɦһ߸ĦѾõգһ߷ŵʡ 
һԭʹʵһǷȥ˺δڶʲᶫסң 
٫们ĴѲ÷޿һĳɫĹֻһôϸˮգصᱡ⸧֣ܹ߰裿ˮֱţּŻ¡ 

Ƿ˿Ǻ͸㣡һ˵Ʋߣû˿ԥʹӦС꣬˰ĺĹ򵽵õ˺δշһˣһ˾ͷ˴ӣѾˡ湻飬ˣúܣ 
еǳ˼ĺˣ档䣬ϲڶ֪ˮܹʱգʡˮлòοЩʶôСԭѣˮαٸߣҲֻܹΣ˵ʱģ㩤 
һ˵ˮӯ壬˳ʮ⡣ 
βΣ⽿ģԼҪ̻¶ǰģֲñˣ˭һˣ 

ǰ˭Ұһˡ 
ȻǱӦıӦ 
ؿڵľʹµģⲻŭĮˣʹ٫裬ƺҲûЧ 
٫ͻȻĺһ˿ļʣЦ㾹ܾȴӳлһ¼ˣɵʶҵķĶǷˣأҪˣǸ㳹׵ǣ 
ԣֻЦЦ벻ܹͼ԰ա 


[] 



ֽʱյĴԼɵġ 
էһܽȫеһĺѧУ͸͵ЦˡüβˣŶԵҳľ޶ѡ 
һѧУƫƫ¶ 
ҲʲϿο飬¿ͬѧܵļëƤǾ춯ذһĳš 
ڹУϣ֮䣬ĳһ꼶ѧܽ칫ҿߣŪУһڲ˳û 
ſΡټ䣬ٴα칫ҡ 

̵ʵϷʡ 
˧һ޹΢Ц˵ϲͬѧҪ׷ʲ᲻𣿡 
̵ʮǸͰģͷ׵Ůʿ½ѧʮ꣬ʲѧûƫû᲻Ҫġ 

΢΢һ˵ѧУǲһ鷢ġ 
˵ҾǵɣѧУûϵ 
ͬѧϣ˽⣬йҪйѧУĹ𣿩֮УԲΪܴǼ٣Ѿѧ˲Ӱ죬밴ѧУĴȥ 
ܾأ 
᲻ĸĸʲˣҲֻп㣡 
̵˵⻰֪Ǽˣԭ 
ȻµĿϲ˭Ҫ׷˭ⶼҵɣҼȲתҪҲдڹ飬ᡰơԼС 
̵ζ챻ˣһӣͬѧͬѧƷѧţǸܽϵĺӣԲԼʧأϣ㿼һ±˵ĸܣðɣֱ˵ˣѧУ̸⣬ʦ˵ǷͬѧɧţԴҲšҪף㲻ΪͬѧѾܵ˺οڸֹؼʱڣӦٸѹȻ䱾˲Ըͬѧġ׷󡯱ʾҲҪȥ𣿡 

üͷ̬еջˡ 
С̾Ͷʦûļⷣ 
ƺеǿе鷳 
ֿ׼ױΧӰ죬ǿӲ̬ȵˡּȳʵĲӦòŶԣǼⷾȻʼ˩ʼδ 
Ϳ̵ΰ칫ҵſӰһ 
Ȼϴģ 
̵ͷſڣʦŭ𣺡ͬѧһû˵أ 
һģʦҪģ 
˦һ䣬;ֱ˳ȥ 

ųţתǴһ־Ͱסˡ 
Ϊֶܣϧų̫ 
Ȼ㣡ҵĺϷ᣿ֶסȥ· 
ֻһˬ·˵ˣһΪĪɣ 
֪˵ڳ£ĸĸֵð˼Ǹ塯ˣ䣿 
ĳֻӲͷƤش𣺡ǰֵزҪ㣬˭ǿңǸеҮ˰˵СĿˣѵΪ̫ˣ 
𣿩гǿϴ𣿡 
ᾢʾˣֱ۵֡ 
ֻǶЦҾѾǺ侲ˣҲܿˣ 
Զԡ 
Ȼļⷣ÷ָе 
Ǵк˶ʵıҪʦ棬ҿܾͻ̲סɸٿǿħ 
ȻҪɣԵη 
ввңŭе㷢ǲϰߺԡ 
ⲻв㣬䣡͵ץס˫磬֮Сɵͷ­˼ձߣ͵͵ֻ鲻Խ벻ңҾҪˣ 
кԵ׽Ȼ뵽˵ϰĻ 
ɴ࣬ͻҪʧܵģ 
ԥĻ˺ĻԼ 


䣬Ҫʲʱ򰡣 
쵰 
ϢĻֻ÷θ 
 
͵þȫƿˡ 


˵ǽߣڳ֪飺㲻ҪңǰºѾûйϵˣ䣬Ƿң 
Լܼǵùɫ 
䣬㩤ʲ᣿־ʡ 
úõסҪᣬ 

ȭͷյۣԷ۾ʲᶼ֪ǱϾǹȥ£ԻԵģαֻأ 
ûּû 
ҺαҪΪʲҪ֣Լ˵ǰҼҲ㻹ң˽𣡣 
˵˵ֻԼ쳣еίŭӿݺƳǸߴ꣬ȫȻĮǩ⡣ 
ʲǰǷƨƾʲǰϵ㣬ҲҪϵ㣿㣬㲻ǸѧҸոʶͬѧ˶ѣڶ˵ʲֻأǾ; 
룬ҧǶѣأ 

һϯ˵ϣԶԡ 
ǱӦ 
ڤڤǰ֣ܵϡ 
ҲȻġǿ̹ǵʹĥǹƽ£ 
ѵԼ׷ѰǴ 

ǰϤİĿջǧٴοԷŵ£ 
ӦةǷҵĶ 
ңģǷҵĶ 
ڶ޷ǣ 
ң㵽Ҫλ㣡 
Ҫôһ⣬ڵ㣬ȴҪ 
Ҹ죿 

[] 

صɽŴ󿪣һɮ롣 
ǰģѾɮ˴ꡣ 
ǧ˿ȥһֲۣüĵĺȻĿƵ 
ֻĿѾģǴǰʮꡣ 
ȻıĲòʧȥҲ¡ 
ĥѾһѣԭȻ 
Ƕ˵Ѻ΢С 

ҷȱߵͷȥݷǰ 
СͰݷĽɭȻĿ 
ģ֪ 
֪ 
Ѱ߳ϣȥ룬һλʦֶҲǸɮһϣ¹ķ档 
˹죬ʵݵĴлڹ֮⣿ 
ĻػҶ£ģְ𷣣 

˵Ŀɬĥģ 

ƭĿɳɳµģ 
һ 
δٵ̬ȥӦֻ֣ΪʼԼϡͷ٣ƽİοԼԼˣδְڲ 

һΣְԼ˸޷ģ 
ĺ絶 
ʴĵʹ֪࣬ƭ߳ܡ 
һп̹Ȼȴд˱ɵıѩ 
Ǳѩ 
ԼǱѣ 
ԭ, 
Ǹзҵ 
ĥ徻βޣɳܵķѿĹϵ 
ƽ׵衣 
ʹڿ˵ϲֻðˡ 
һḷ́ 
ֻԼɱѡ 
˭֪һգ԰ѣ 


ˮ٫ֻߥޣ˴㣬ҲúһһҲ˽ζ 
 
ӳգ˱˭ﲻ㣡ˮааЦ㻹ûζ᣿᣿ѵʮ꣬ɸ̻Ҫ㣬ЦЦֻԼ᲻ǾɫˣⱾе⣡ 
ֻǲм춴˱¼Ʋߣ 
ммֻҪȥӣɱ㣡 
л٫ĳȫ 
ֻǲںģ⼸͸ˡ 
ˮбɭЦԹԴߣҲΪвգвɱɮڣǴаգⱯ˵СУֻôڲˣͽҵϡ 
ֻƬ̣ˮײ鲻Ｔ̳֣̾˵Ҫ϶ˣ 
һŭˣ 
ǺԶΪֻҪ˺ֻͨ꣬һ֣˹ң˼벻¡뷢ة 

һϯ޷ܾһ󣬲ˡ 
˻αԥֻƭѩ 
ǣˡ 
֪ԼԴγڣȫΡ 
ֵ棬ȫȻʧˣԭõ˵һҲû 
׾ģαģģµģһŴߣȻƭֱ֣ƣ 
羫ľͻţ 
̵ľͻϵ 
Ǹɵ 
һ§סһһ黽֣һһ˵ϲ 
壬ֱɱһˣ 
ĸоأԼҲ֡еˣĺ޷˻ɵˣͿ 
֫壬ֲֻϸϸһУ૽˵֣ȴ§Խˣһֱûз֣·־Ҳץһֱᣬһֱеľ綾ͽס 
ֶһֿ̹ǵ 

ûͻԹȥ֪Լˣ಻֪ԼεƭأƵģһƬᡣ 
ֵ˯ݣҲ޷Ǹ֡ 
һĵŮӣһӣ 
ˣֲˣȴû 
ʲ᣿ 
ǽҵ顣 

˯ұģֻǴˣӡ 
СУҰɣӦҾͲȥּ£ɱ˩ҪˣһȻ˵ֵܹ£ǳˣȣԲ? 
ǵвҲúܣ 
ԽΪͯԽǲпᣡ 
Ӳסɫʮҵȥϣ 

뵽Щֺ⡣Ȼģƿ紺֫壬ǰΨһһŮӵģ·һĵ 
ȻˣĴӱߡ 
٫˳ַֿˮȥգţԻع硣ʵȥδҲٲˣɷģ 

޴ɹ飬ֻãȻ 
л˺һʹ֪춺שεʹѡ 
סǻԼϤĵطֺο޷ԼֻȴԼĶҵص֮ʱ徻ʱ 
˻ȥ 
ҷȱɽʹ࣬춿ռŰɣ 

ڵǰֻɭȻɣ񼫣ݶܻڸģΪ꣬ΪߣһȣΨзɽһ˼ 
һܺãһֻأһʰˣһӦŶԣ 
ֻкռƺȥʲᶫǻʲ 
ֻǿնĻӦ 

ήĵУֻһ뷨 
ֻҪ˶ϾϲޱһңҲŭʹˣ 
ֻҪⱥĥɻڸĵģõľȫȻž 
ǰңռڣܳѷֻ֮࣡ 

ص̼ϣɽѨʪǰһʯڣһյµơ 
ˣѾԵ㲲ϣݿ¡һ飬ĦѪ 


[] 


˭֪һǲ 
֪һ㣺ʹҲ޷ûҪðǰ⣬±ǣ޹һһأ˭û³ŵģԼģǺĵģ 
ǲġ 
ϧ첻ԸûһҪΪϱӵ鸺. 

ֵ۾ֱҪɴˣϧϡĿΡ 
˵֣㻹Ƿɣ 
ǲҵʵǼ˲ˬСĵĵһġ 
ֻǿΣٿ̾㻹ܼǵãͲ 
ֻЦûԼ˵ˣǰģѵھͻɫ 
䣬ǰҴˣǲһǸһǵǰ֣ѵڤڤе᣿ֽ¶ڴҰǰ˵꣬Ҳˣ 
ҲҪ֣ˣǸԶ̫ƽЩúùӣ 
Ⱦߣ¥Ҳͷϧһ󼲷磬ĸ첲ֱץס 
᣿߶𣿡ŭĿӣﾫէ֣ĺƢǲģڣˡ 
䣡 
֣ҪףҲҪʲǰڻüãҪҵǶԲҾͲˣڷſң 
ŵԣҪټģкɥı۾ 
еĸ첲ѣٴ۾ֻ첽ԶݱӰ 

ǰûıӰ֡ 
ֻҪڿ㣬ϾͻȻת˵ᣬˣ 
ҩʱ̣ʱЦʱԡɫڵĳΣʹ𣬼ʹŭʱ㣬ǻῴҵġ 
Ϊʲᣬʱûвأ 
ǿҡµңҲǿ㡣 
ǵģһֱ㡣 
Ϊʲ㲻ٿˣ 
ûиκεĻ 
ңҲܷſ֣Ϊһǵѽ 
Ȼעܲǵã 
Ҫʹ֪࣬ǿֻʲ취أûˡ 


֪˶ʱ䣬ƺǺܳˡİʯѨУ޷ȷʱģοʱʧȥ塣 
⺮̹ǵɽ滭ˮವЩľګû徻 
һſϷ飬ɫѪ㱼䣬ѪŪָ⣬֪Ĳһ£Īľ 
᣿Ƕҵ֣ 
ҷȱѾЩˡֻռš 
ĵʲᶫץҧ·ǲϷŹ 
ʹѵʱģܲʹ 
ص˰ 
ܻڸģ 

ʼСɳͷҲʳ󣬵մҲ𲻿ħʳֻһζʪʯڤ롣 
˵룬û룬Ը֣ÿǿб 
˵ҪʵԼ಻ 
ֻ賓ƭ 
޳ɱ 
˭ȫ 
ģģĻ䣬̫ΣȴûʧֻҪһգֻҪԼǻͻĥ 
ңǺߣҪҳħԥ 
ҵںδ 
˿޵ʲڣȫۣ 

ȻᣬͻȻһ죬ҡ 
ɬ۾ƺˡ 
ϡˣ 
ĩ 
ǲϵİѾϰˣվǰǸɮ 
㩤Ƶû˵ͷӲˡ 
ģ֪ޱ췣ˡ 
ꣿ᳤̣ 
̧ͷ֪Ϊʲܼɡܴš 

ߣ֪ΪҪڣɮɫֻѸߣΪгɣȫȻɫѡ 
¶Ϊ᣿ 
ɮֻҡͷ΢΢üʹ˵ֻ֮ᣬûߣ 
һʱ䣬ĻŪһ¡ֻǰۿɡ 
ͣɫƣģ 
ʵڲҲɶãֻҡͷ 
ԱߵĲƺʮˣæɣҪ˵ѽ 
ɮΣ̾һȽӺ߳Ρȥ̼ϣ 
΢ɪ 
ͻȻһˤ䣬ȻǷŵӣҪ 
Сɳֹһİɮ˸ȥϣվãȥҲʮֵʹѣ΢΢һ£ľʯ˰ڲ[쳾] 

42 

[] 

⼸ʵǲãϰɫҡҡͷĨӡ 
̨ߵҪЩƣһĬĬţϵɫ 
㣬ûһˣ䡣 
ѧڽȴûǸ꼶ŵʱ򣬿߲ܽСȾơ(ڱ鿪ͷȰ˸ܺȾ) 
ģЩǺ˵ζˮζôܱȵǸأ 
ɫ̵ģСҡľơ˵һġ 
ϧǾƵȴǸļһ 

ľˣ 
ǵġصط±ӡ 
ֻΪһͬѧֵ𣿡ϰº͵˵ 
ÿ춼Ű취ҡǰʧ֢ͬѧԳǰ˻ҪǰԵǸͬѧ滬ţм 
ϣ׶һ˲Դӷֳ֣ƽȫˡ 
˷ģһʼе棬ֻ֮ʣº¡ 

Ǹ磬ߵøɴࡣѷֵǷǳѵģС 
ؼҵʱֻţͣľΡ 
Ϊӣʱûֳͷᵽš 
˼ңÿһŷֶˣһۡ 
үү˵ˣõƲ˰죬ʹšһϸƤǾڵģһʹѪƤ˾˲أʵˣջСȥҽԺ 
ҽٵڼоټˡô֪¡ 
λŮǿǺεҪѧУ𣬰ǻСӴӰԼıӡ 
ѧУѣԼˡ˭֪ԷҲǺöԸġ˵鶼ֵȻгԴ绰У̵ͨ˽䡪ֵСŪûŵˣˡ 

Ȼ첻ˣֻ׳ʿ 
̾һ裬˵ˣѧУɣ 
Դ󾪡 
תѧУ˵ûġ 
ڸһѧڻѧУһҪﶥУﻻߣĸ߿ܲ 
ֿԣȰôת 
УѾְ˺òãοͬһطҾˣ裬ô죡 
һֱԺӺݣҲһû˵ʲôж֪Ӵжס 
ĸ¾ʱѾȥѧˣÿڼԼϰΡʵϴǴΰ칫ſڵĳͻ֮ûʽϹѧ 

ϰ΢Цţû뵽κܹϡ 
ɣżһΣմմϲ 
⻹û侲˵ûҹ𣿡 
ѧУĵǼǱַҰֵķѽ鲻ģֱˣթߣҼһӣҪģҰɡ 
ľƣЦҡͷƺ˵ʲôû˵ 
꿴֪ģˡ꣬һһ֣Ĵ̹ǡ 
ȻڵоȴȾţе 
춬ˡ˵ 
ǰ 
Ҫµʲôʱ򣿡 
ͣȻͣˡ 
ѾôˣΪʲôҪأ 
Ϊǽϡ 
ʪ䣬治˴ģͺЩ˰ɣ 
ɳ 
 
ԣﶼһġѾǽѣԵ־Ե֡ҪǶ㲻ǡ˴죬ͻýϲ˴ĵطϰ΢ЦţĨպá 
ʱŷӪҵӣһ˾Ͷ 
ˣҲԸˣҲϰʺˣȻͽʸǡ 
˵ΪҽҲᵽ 
ϰȻǻӭģڿλõ꣬Ҳ 

ߣͽһİĿˡ 
ǿͺᣬȴߴǱףֻɫҲĹϵɡ 
˾ֱߵǰʣţʣǲиˣģǸѧ 
ԣϸˣΣʣʲôˣ 
仰һڣԷϲɫ 
ʶôľ 
ͻȻǰһһĪĵ绰ʲôط˻Чʰ 
˸ʲôǺƽʡ 
ʮַİкæңס 
ֻǸСԵϰ壬֪˼ס 
к˵ϰһۣ̬ȻǺƽ΢˵ͷôǰ 
ϰһĬ˵ǰ 
𣿡кʡ 
ϰ̹Ȼ 
ллİòظ𣬺ܸɴͳˡ 
ϰ忴뿪ıӰ̾Ϣһּ顣 
ţ,ǡǳˡ 

43 
[] 

ɫնưô꣬µô󣬷·ĩһ겻飬ޣ콵˳ͷ 
㿴죬ûˮƣȴôһƬǴ֮ףɮЩ 
ĴӣһкѾĳˣֹ꣬жٰѰһɮҡͷ̾ϢȻɽһɧֻÿ޺žһƬ 
һСɳ־ʧسɣɣ²ã 
һģСɳֵڵϣȻǺÿˣվ𣬾ſ˻ɰ°Ǵөө 
ɮ̧ͷһȺ֪ͺǷӵȺУڴ۱ǰһƬ 
ʲô£ʲô£ǳˣҲܲΪǰľ 
ֻСɳִغӵ˶ˣ 
ôɮܾף֪Ʋԡ 
һɫԣһﳤͷǽǣ 
һģ꺺ıᣬסͷһ߿һµӳɣɣۼô죡Ҫѽɣնȴ󱯣Ⱦغӵİѽ 
һ˴Ǵڵĵطʼ̣ôסǸ¥һߵʬһ·ˮȥѪѪ˵ˡ 
մδʲôޣڶ˿¾Ѫȳ棬ſ־ǲܵġ 
һͻȻſ̨ϣʪһ 
Ϸɶһüͷ壬еͺȣһֻǼȫѪȾˣ˵ѪѪɫҲ̫ˣˮͺˮҳˢ£Ѫ˿÷ڣ·ɽĺۼһһɼ·սϣ̶Ƶġ 
ûбѪڸǵĵطҲһƬ筺죬˵·ԭǺɫƵģķΡ 
ǣɿŷš 
ֻܿͷ˵ûҾʬ׸ǳڽˣ˼ͷп鲼ˮףǷģ˵ģǺ£˷ǰ 

ѪҺȻɺԶʱųȴǴҲǲסȳÿ˶ˣ޷ܡ˾ 
£Ҳֻ󩤩 
ڰԴ󺧡 
ƶȥһֻͷǣжһ޴ɫ 
ǣ 
ֻһδˣ 
Уֻ֪ʬ沨һͲˣֻѪȾ˺ˮӶʺĩģѪһֱһֱ 

һģڵ꣬Զղ꣬ѽɺͻһգ׷رɫ裬Ҳûͣʮգˮǣĳ֡ 
ˮѾãΪƫһ꣬ϿһʬӾ̣ΣкˮѪˮȾʺ죬ǧﻹżȳһĵѪӣβңֱǵ羰ջ֣̿ˮ 
񱩣ֻչѪˮˮһʧ޺֪ۡһ·˺ˡ֪࣬١ 
Ȼңҥ𡣶˵ǰһ£ķأҲӦ˴ס 
ذһƬҰ 
͢ӹܣáע޽ѣɥҲ֪ҪٲҾ徣޵һ޲˹֣ѣһҵһ˼䣬ôŰš 
ԭħа֮С 
ɲĳ[tetsuko] 

44 
д,Ϻˮ졣 
Ȼϵ̼ȥȴȻӣʵ񵱳Ǹս־նĺߡ 
ɽʱλɮҪλ䡣 
ͳļϷɰɫԼ˸üĵ룬޶һѪ 
ѹʹֻ࣬˻Ƶص˫߬ǰţ춽ס춵أʹ 
ɮȻٵ䣬·ڴ߱ơ 
ʢüĵѪεӻƵϣ˲쳣졣 
ɮǺ罬ɫҰףҪз̲ãҽ 
͵ıͦŤұγѪĺˮһ·档 
Ѫˮ̣̾ڵϣɮǵδͣѪˮ߱ƵطѪƮɢ 
·ԼѪҺʹ࣬ǸܹܵģȴԿ֧˻ؼ϶ȻɬҪһͬ䷨ 
ֻһ˲䣬ľ͸оϤİȡ 
Ļ𩤩ĺҵѪ춻ûܷסϷ 
ɫĹâϿݹǲӰָɫ 
ɮʱֻѻָ˶ƣڶͦΣ·˵ػƵġ 
Ļ𣬷۵ס 

ɿзţǽҿˡ 
λɮʱ̱춵أһ˲仹ûҿ 
δ˵ֻ꣬һѪ˳ԡ 
ֻЦûһջϣͽⲻԭʧĿݹǼѪѪʺģǷԼѪ 
ɶʱ˼⩤Ǻã 
û˵꣬סͿȣʵҵأ 
ߵʱȲ֮ΪܣҲǸΧҵԺǱԺջصġ 
ɵʼҲ 
ңѾɶƺԸٶ˵ָվԼ֣ΨԼԿǸĹ⣬ĺҵصƿС 
ʱ䩤ˡ˵˾ûǰĻɬؿΧɮǣͻȻ̧ͷ꣬ꩤ 
Ϸɳ̾һҪ˵£˾ˮɱ꣬Թ 
̿꣬ûҪͣӣĶ˶촽ȴû˵Ҫ˵Ǿ䡣˵ 
ԼһֻѪѪûֹͣļǿӲ⿪ɵ˿ڣǲϵģߣ޷ϡ 
ϵӡǣֻ΢΢ʹˣССԣ˵˾䣺ҵˣԺġʱҲ⡣ 
ǣ˭뵽ĿңֻҪͼͲֻǳͷҲ֪Ĺ򡣩ͣѪֱɣ˵ֲıӦǺģԭķ˶Ϸʹˡ 
Ϊʲекʱ޶ࡣ 
ʱɮϲһЩҪ 

ĿǼѪ£Ȼϳˣʽ̫ر𣬼һξͲǣҲһΪνԼгҲͿˡ 
֣ȻǸļⷡ 
΢΢¶Ū顣˭Ҳֻкһս˥ˡ 
ǲܸģһ 
ۺܴɣҡ 

֣ԽֶƵаħԽǺУѾʮ꣬ûҵĺөЩ࣬δεĴֶ򣬼Ҷʵ˩أĻģֻΪҪߣյְ𩤩ҵ𣿡Щݵؿ 
ָˡʹֻ˵˾䣬ڴ˻ɫɮ£ϰıʪ͸Ѫ߰¡ 
֮Ҳֻ 
ᣬҪ᣿ 
Ҫȿѣƽֶ᣿ 
ѵϷˣ 

̾һЩ˵ֲ֪ںδȻɱ壬Ҳίʵ£ѣɻѰ 
ʱû˵ѵԭίֻǺԺ˱Ҳмѯʣ𣻾㵱ʱʣҲǶα˵ 
ټе㺦˩Ǹɱ 
еЦԺһ 
΢΢ЦˣδȣḧĦ 
ѰҩҼ̾ͳ£ȥҵְ𣬿ɺãĮ͸ߣҲܶԣګګҲˣߡ[] 
45 
[] 

˵´ꡣ 
ǵ˵죬ҲǴꡣ 
ҽԺʹȥϰͬһʱŮҸ㣻үү绰ȥСûĵϰ־ȻŲʣ·Ӳġ 
һʹޣһȥˣ嶯ҪѸµСˣ˵ûĵ֣ಡͣ£ϧˣڻʱʱʹر˵ŮǸĸʱ顣 
ϰȴǰšոաŮܵˣ䲻ܲԼ賬ǿ 
ԭҲŮǿ˵裬Ǹǿ裬µģ¹ᣬǻͷӣ 
Сʱҹи֩Ҳʱߣȥ԰μӼҳᡣǴʮ꿪ʼ俴˸ŮˣᣬҲ޷ˡ 
ʱԭǸĸǸӣֱð 
Ȱӡȴ˼ҿߩ ǲ֪ģ֪࣬˵Ҫ룬ʵûиģ㿴ֶҲ㩤 
ǹûʲϵ 
ֶӣỹҪΪĳˣẦƭ 
үүȴģ˵ײҲһϱҰŮҪţҪȥ׼չԼӣϱһסҪƾԲ˼ҵ档 
ǸˣΪƲĹϵǩֱ֣߽ǶŮ˵ĺģҲǸɹһĴϰ塣ᾫҲܲϣӵԴӵġ 

ҼﶼЩĵ£ץӲʹЩ׵ĥҲòܣ 
˺֣ϰˣԼ档 
ԼԾᱡģİ֡ 
޷Ůǰ˳ӣЩ޷ܾ 
ŮǸŮףߵÿˣ༶Ҵ꼶֪䲻ӦҲҪӦ 
Ůӣʵ˵ǰû档 
潻ˣ۾ϸ۾ѿÿԼſڱĩֵܷʱҲԿŮϵƣĿɰ 
Ҳӹǡû뵽Է˴о֮ȻһЦ˵䣬´ΣİɡʲСġ˺ü£ˣ˵ 
Ǹѧ㣬У֪ܵݣҪҾƷòпɣУݼ꣬нѧκǰƣѧϰУȫ㣬񣨼￪˾Ѳ䡣 
ѧߵˣء䣬ϧֻ֪ǽСʽĽǡͷˣûһβοԼĩҡϰΡҲԼϥ潲˫ԭ͵ڶѻƬսǩԼ 
֮ᩤ֮ƺͷˣŮӴŲϲϥǣǶȥģΪ 
ԼʼҲףˣ߷ 
һһ濴꣬죬ȴ̨硣 
ڵûаȻתѭʱʱȥԭжĩϧ 
ļͥԭ̬Ͳɣĸ׵ѶռƤ⣬׵ڹ 
ҪǲЩŮӣ鰡ģһڴĥ۵ڣеƫƫƤ࣬ԽԽ׵ǡ 
ĽҪŮѧִɱ˲Űء 
ʵʳֵһȫԣû롣 

򿪱䣬ʱӰ 
ϵϷүү˼ҵĲأ 
¥żСԵˣԵ𣿡үүӰ뵼ǰ̧ͷȫ׵¹ͥӰԺ˼һǰ˵Ū㡣ǲ̫õģҲе㲻ͷ 
ᣡûĳ˩ĳҡƤӣ׼ȥʳﴢүүʱæ̨û 
ͷĩ˼ܳȥ̫ûˡԼҲʪǳǳᣡ 
ı⣬һɡ 

ŶˣӦ˼ҽѧŶүүͻȻʲᣬ˵ 
 
¥żС˼ˡ 
ҽ͸˺òã鷳 
ͻȻгȥܷͷ뷨 
¥ѾͷȻ಻ѿӱ˵ҲҲ׽̣粻̣ 
үүҵѽλã뵼岻ţͻȻһηؿ׼ȥ 
ȥ 
¥µ˵²ˣҵΡ˳ԲҪȺ裬ڴ 
˰Ѿ޴ɡǼˮĴ£ϻ 
үүûֹ˼Ͼˡ 
Ҳ֪ҵǼҿתǵСݣ߶ģĲóԣҲȻҲСձĳʳϰǸ֪ʶӡ 
ͷʾᣬţүү 
ǣû뵽¡ 
ǲȥġ[dj] 

46 

ڳϣ͸ˡ 
µúܴˮӳһ·ʣϪ 
ôһԱȣůҸģ仹Ǿóǵ䡣 
Ǹ˿ųʲôҲ˵ 
ٺܿ죬Ҫݺ뾪ƬȽԣôںǰˡ 
⳵֪ǳ 
ƾ˫ȶļʻ֣ûʤģԷ侲ڣָͣ 
͹˷ִֵš 
ô֪С?е˲죡 
תһ룬ƺаѵֽȥѧУ绰ַһӦȫ 
˼άܣ䰡ҹֹϵķ 
ʱϰպòڡûģʳȻؼҡ 
˵ţµûɵġϼȵúܣ־ģƬʲôӴҴҶֻ㱵өĳơĴ죬޷ֱ档 
ͻȻһбˮе 
ҪԹ˾Ѹٵ˳ߵǰϳ 
˭ 
ǵǷǮûôһλծƵģ 
ǯһһʱӦʧȥ˷Ļᣬôƽ˺ɡڽֱߣȫܵϡʪҪȥʱ򣬶Էþ޴˳ţŵʱס 
˾˼ʻλûбڸסĻļ䣺ˣ䣿 
ֱԼ񾭲һֹԵļҲõĵģ 
֡ͬѧ־÷е㲻̡ 
Ĳûأһ÷ɱ 
ҡסմŭ𣬾ƽ͵˵Ҫ̸̸ǲ˵ 
Щ̸֣ȰȥҸеʿʲôģָҶͷһ㻯˵Ҿͻָأſε׿̱ˣǷǳЧġ 
ҧҧĳ 
Ҿ㣬ǰܣ 
Ҫ˽ᣬ㲻Զӿ䡣 
ĻƲȥҪȥ⣿ 
ȥ 


Ĺ·ŢɫǰҰƵģ֪ҪȥĶˡ 
ǵڶοҵĲӣֻùɭɭҺֽﻹǵƣ˿ؾһͨ 
սӡڷֱ 
ӴڣһӵķζӰأϵˮϸϸ٣÷ͷʯףسˢҡ 
ߵǰë 
Ϸӣˣ 
סȭͷĲԼ 
ùëץסļ佩ӲšǣֵֻǰˣͷӣȻ˵ʪ͸ˣ· 

ݺݰ·ɢһء 
筺ӣʵؼ˳䣬İɫۣЩҲȻûпӣֻ˿УٳٶۣҲ֪˻ʲôģⴿǹŷ 
ּ·ٴ͵ǰϣҪȻҰ㡣 
ܴ̼ˣ԰ӲϹġ 
ôţ㬵·ֻʵķȣһȷȥ 
ˤϣû 
ԱسԼĳϵʪ·Щװ 
湻񾭵ģƽ׳Ϸô 
Ȼģ仹ǰ·׵ϣؿڴҲ¶һʵ˷绯Ҳû취 
Ȱ״ãʱůˡطҲ 
䲻Ů·ɫȴ欣䰤ǰԼһֱ۹Ƭ͡¶Ŀš 
ԼۣǰˡѿҲѹϵ㣬ʮŴš 
Լ룺ǰݣװҲΪٷ硣 
ʱš 
ţݺݵһۣԻص 

סˣǿų 
µ˶ʲôҲû䡣 
ô񣬺ǧֻһָ졣 
а˭컯ⳡˣѰ 
ţ·ʱ⵹ 
Ǳü欵ĺɫüߣɬǰҡˣںͨк𡣿ǣôĿФ 
ңΪʲô㲻ңįһĽ䱸 
һأûѹꡣСĿ 
ߣӣȻ벻׼أҪȴ绰ؼңü˵ġ 
벻ҲûϵһǻߵġֵЦݺºͣº͵е 
ߣҲԸأ 
ԸģҲǸ̫ˡ 
ģЦãѵѧŷԼȥвУ 
ҽҽô 
˵ǣַ·ܱˣû 
һ㱣ֻĲϻͼˮ𣬶ﶼ 
˵۾ǿ˭أ 
ôᵽôôݣô 
ֻǵͳϤйֻص˻Լĺ 
ҽҽ֪ˣǣң֪ǶιֻѾʱ򣿡 
֪ʲô֪䱻Ƕţη 
ӡֹǰ֧סͷ֣ϸϸ˿䣬ֻʵ԰ף񡪡 
ôǣΪʲôҪ 
˻ôôں޻ô 
סķֵֽ˽˴ս 
ŵƫͷȥȴ֪㲻ô̬ 
ۿҪȴͻȻԥš 
ɿ֡ 
Բ𡪡˵ 

ΪڲӲֻһΣһһʱҺ󿴵ᣬġ 
ƻãкˮһĲɫ 
ѵǸԸҲҪѰҵĶôֻһ˲䣬ں޵ʹ࣬ʧȥ꣬ȫһ 

俴ŷֳصôܼ̾Ϣ࣬ô 
ƭҲãҲãȴͻȻеĽ 
ˣǲͬġγˣֻһһǸĻ߽Ǹþ 
ʯϵӡʱĨȥĻҳᶨеˡ 
󣬾ӣ 
̾Ϣһֵ·һߣȻټҲǸңҲ֪εԵ 

ԵֻظҪղtetsuko 


47[] 

ΪʲôҪʹ? 
ǶôΪңΪʲôʹࣿ 
ǲʱȽϺã 
ǵƬңա 
ɽ,ľȪˮ磬ֻССĺ꣬ʳ˯ߡ 
Ĳľβ͡ 
֪ε˾ˣɾﳤѭ,ôҴҶ 
ϧֻǿţȴã͸ֻǱȻе̳̻òͬ 
ʱʼĽ˵ģ 
Ҳǿ˸ߴ׳Ի׷ٷɿǺˮӳĺɫ۰ϷҲǿ·;ķ̸˹ĥţǵ۾ǿĴɽȪԡ׵ļظǿ˵նɱˣϵ׺ݺͷ 
еĸߴеСееĿе޴еĴ 
ҪĶЩݴеֻô롣ǣҪʲô 
ǵֻʱڴҹһ 
ߴŷ·˯ŵյ۾ҲһС¹յϣ󿴼촽΢ƶƵģ鿴ţéͻȻ÷ȣĽһȣֻһ ¹ˮƤëڻǻЩָо޷軭ҲδУֱǰµɮ˰ƷĶͷһʹϲá 
еʱ򣬷룬ҲΪָо 

쳣ı䣬лתԼѪˮС 
Ѿˣֵǣ׶Ĵ̹ǵʹȴڣӦǱɱ˲Ŷԣôôʹ 
ôأ 
ѪߣҲоԽԽ䣬ȻǿϵĵֿˣͼǰһѸϡϧһΣˡѲʣʲôٵҲѣƺϣԭΣʱѾ̫ãǸģѲǺˣ֡ 
ڿ籩ĺӰֲ֧ã 
ôţȴԼ˺ҴҵӰĻ･н 
־㲻ãҲ費ȥ۾ͿΧƺҡͷ 
ǰô 
ﾲţ԰ף 


ͷôһԱʧ´ϵĿˡ 
ǲ԰СİģϷˣͷǳᣬճ꣬ڲУȴƯģֱĹӡôһкʱѪûĵطĸ϶,Ǽϵ˺ˣֱͶҧƵģ;֫,ѪģжΪʲôܻšû´ֻ̧㾡¡ 
û뵽Ѫֹ֮˿ڿʼʵ⩤Ҳûô죡 
ʵ죬˵ӡ 
һֱѵģûлʣŵգʲôҲ˵ֻǳĬݵ۾˱һһ죬ģʼδġ˼Σ˵ڸشˣûǹֵģʱ⡣ 
Ǳ£ٳĶˣȷҪΪ֪ú 
һǻ쵰һҪҲǻĶ˳˵ 
ףⶫֻǵ 
ǾβҲǻ˶ӱ֣ܵûǻĳ޺Թ 
ǵ޿ɳһʱ䣬Σÿɲ꣬󣬱ø׳У֪ԼԲ任Ϊ̰ͼִ֣Ź޿ɵ˼õŮĵ壬Ȼûôҡ粻Ҫ 
ȻҪˣͶɣΪβأӵŮҲֻһꡣͳͳ 
䵽ǺӾкţţһǴĵ裬һǴûֹͣĥʴľʹࡣʱҲ֪Ҫȶá 
꣬ܳ 
꣬㲲̶ã٫ԲϷŹ˵ʹˣҲҪˮС 
ЦҲҪԼѡط 
߳ܵңôôã 
ĥ޷֧塣 
ұ㲻ܺˮĽָܹɱ¾̬ 
ڳˣһս; 

ǳҵûһ 
Σңݺ᳾䣬кأ 
µݣлΪɾԼѪɽȻȫ˼޲أʹίҲܼɱ⣬٫Ȼ˼ 
٫ˣ͵Ķ֣ҲΪԼķʹ಻ǲģ 
ǷҾಫɱȻ쳣򾲣ʹ˿ɼǣüͷ΢ 
ľɫɳˮصСǰɢ罦Ѫֱ£ʼǹ̵ģȻͱ˲ĺɫɱʱ꣬ûţȻũţûͣµס 
˺ճѪĺ£·ԼѪҺ͸Ѫȴͬӡɱض̾ϢһԼƲ壬޴ԽӿĴ 
ˣ꣬ǻͣġ 
ڲ롣 
û 
ΪǸ 

() 

48 

[Ը] 

Ҳ,Ҳ, 
ֻ˵ıȣǸɵԸһεִ 
֪ 
˫ֲӯģָ仮 
޺ۼ 


ưõˮ·ػع˻磬ǧӴһƬ 
ķϵ·ˮ࣬һ߾߱ˮϰĸʬɢȳãѱҰѻʳ⡣Щ춺ڰĶⲻˮʼŰ 
һׯᵽʪѪζζŨϢ 
ưܵĲݱߣĻڱ£Ӱ䶯 
µɮվˮӶϵ䵽ء 
еɢϸ 
ӰŤصתڻ谵Ļн¶Ŀ 
һֻ޴ɽ̣ɫӲëѪ飬ץһѪģ࣬Ѫ³ʬֽѪɫϪӱ˺ɿʬʳ 
ņ̀ͷƺ˻ϢƶѪ顣 
ڣȶĻƵĺ 
ʪɮ۽壬ѪȾļƺʻѪȣùĶסĬķˡ 
̰۾ͻأתһأɽľצ 
ɮ˿;ġ 
ϵѪμŢзɽɻǵʪĺ졣 
ͻȻ͵ 
ɮЦˣҵģˮıЦ 
ӭһ 
ӻǡϣֵͷȹᴩ 
̣ĽζǹѪζ 
ɮûзſҲצӡɮ·Ҫ˦ѣǣʼץסԼȣԽԽͣΪһ߽ήĹǺ 
ɮҲ壬Ϣ·ȵûУ԰׵ֱˮͼ֧壬ѪͣȾĻɫۡ 
ҷ𣬴ȱֻૣأԴЦ 
Ҷеĺ񣬷ǰĳûķ 
ʵѪе£·Լǽ󩤩ɱ¾૴ȱΪ˼䵴ƽаʲأ 
ߣһɮˣһֻѵˣһգϴе۹Ǵ󱦣ֻء 
ҷȱ 
ʱ黹 
Щʲ᣿ 
ʹ࣬壬Ρ 
ûˣΪϾҪᡣ 
βϲã 
㻹 
ڣȴҪȥˡ 
ǵʱǸ˵ʹؿҪ衣 
ȴɣ 
Ͼúҡ 
Ҳú㡣 

˵ޣһ޴ 
Ϊʲᣬ㣿 
뿪ȣȴ˽ס 
ɮǴҴҸϵ 
ϡżĽкߣˣ 
һаҪвة 
ղ߲ݩǿķҲð 
ѵǲ֪Ҫʲ 
һЩٿһЩ 


ڿ 
õŮվߡ 
ĺϺõ˿ֻп飬԰׵Ļ۷·ס 
ҵүˣ㻹᣿СŮȴһʵشϿʲ顣㡣㣬֪֪ 
һֱֻۣˮָ졣 
ᣬ㲻ҲǸ֣ңûҪŮŨüëȷʵûһϲ֪֮ƶ˼ҵŮӣˡ 
ǰİ꣬ûʲͬ飬ܾ˵Ҳ¡ 
̲סҪʵҲá 
û 
죬صʱȻڶ໪˼ɫĴϣԾͷȻŲģѣȴͶĹǣ³԰׵Ƥڵĳֱϵˡ 
ũҵĵ塣ʱ˼ѵ꣬͸õУԸũҺúչˡ΢Ȭλү˶ⲡΪӡ 
ûпܣҲû˵һ仰 
ũл 
죬λүҪˡ 


ªݡ 
꣬һɽ 
һգ꺱Ŀڣʲط 
С˵Ǵӱһзֶɵĵط 
ʣ֪֪иԺмҶµġ 
Сﲻͷ˵Ҳмʮɽһ֪ûС 
ɽϣзҶʡ 
С죺ûУܶأ 
ſڣҲܲϵˮʪĳţ˷紵ĵ¡ 
ֱգ﹡غĽӣ･н 
ͷʪĲϣ۾һϦյĹ⣬΢촽˵һ䣺л[쳾] 

49 

[Ը] 

Ҿãûʲ 
һֱлعԺʱùµһˣ˿ڲ裬ðһ䡣 
ů룿 
͵ͷ 
Ϊֹϵ̬һ²ؼȴͶУƺǼ̫Ĺϵʵ˵ȥ 
䵨СֻҪֵıһԶԷֲǿԼ侲ظ˵ߵݣĥ 
Ŷǻã 
ʲ᣿ 
Ŀϵ߲ʵǻ˵ĺѲ֣ŪӲѣֲý¸аɣ㿴ʵҲûŪ˵Ʋеĩ 
˷ѾңһкϦգ޸оĵܺǿ飬ھǸ̬ֶϱꣿЦɣܺŮ˵ĻѾܿˣļӱ 
ȴǧļʾοǷǳĿ÷ֺһ˰ˣụ඼ܿˡ 
кûעԱߵɱ̾ϢһЩ΢أԹ޵ţµ˶õѵĻ 
һˡ 
𣿼ʹ˫µĻ 
ǳ޻ǩ 
һʱĿ䣬ͻȻ΢Цɬģ㯵ģ˵Ŷ䣬мҪ£һֱû㡣 


ߣ㲻ܳȥſڵĺסĵȥ· 
ңûˣ 
˵ˣղͣҪϢп 
ʵʲ 
ûеǳƬİޡ 
ҶаĹ£ֶ򣬰չҡǰĿȻԽ˸ǽֱԺ֪ж˹ǰ 
ɮΪѵĻ࿴ 
Щֹаģʡ 
ɮͷ絷⣬Ľ˽ȭͷ 
꣬ӡֹۣͣѪͷĽꡣ 
ΪβȥѾ˥ 
Ҫɣĵ 

ĿʦֶλǳһˣǷԵĲࡣ 
᣿ 
ĵ֣ɱ飬䣬˵Ҳ֪ 
ɮǵⲽ 
ļ һգ಻ֹȴٳٲʲ᣿ 
㣡סڣŭָü߳ŭ۾ 
Ľؿڵȵ˥Ǻʱһ££һꩤ̴µİĪ˵գҲǹ֮ѣǾ񣡡 
ҵˣν⿪ԩ䶶ҲӲ 
ֻǸ֣ 
ѵȥѰ Σ΢˵ʳһ䡣 
ǡ 
˾ȵĿ꣬ıˣ񵱳ʱҵˣֻһڡߵָ֮ᣬɱʱ͹̬ҲǿӲԵжǰԣҪǿµѵбʤİգ 
ѵ޼ƿʩľأգͷ 
춺һšɮݻŰ֣ߣʼѰټ 
гΪӦԭΡµĺѣһʱʬɽѡ 
ҲгΪΣ䣬ѰˣķԺһϣҲȱʡֻ೯͢ 
Թɹ֮ɣ졣 

[Ը] 


©٣ǽԺ 
ԣʱӶİѺеѪ³ϣ͹߻̰ʶ 
ɫ÷ʹࡣ 
ⳣ˶үȢֻ̣һʮ껪룬ƫӵֵ۰ɫȴհ̻ȥ 
̫˶˩޷ԪαӦиõķ 
ڶϸ֦ӭ΢ҵĶԲֹ 
ʹഭϢı飬Ҳ굴ǣοйĽ̬ͷֻܡˣĸΡĿҺһݹǱ߱ƵļҶʱ־ɢʧֻ̣һȻڸ߰ 
ҽʬƿؿһȣﶼζͷİѪٵϡ 
ɱ˵ĲֻǷѣѾûжɱˡ 
еΪ޷ԭͼ׸Ż³õѪ顣ֽţȫľ֣ɫ֮תΪϰףʴƤϽеļ˿Ѫɫ 
 
ٰܻٳʳϢԽԽʹɲԪҲָģάãҲͷˡ 
ԭΣһֻ֣ 
´̨ǰ̴ľӣϸϸһͷ˿¡ 
滹Ƴʱģһȣˮʱģ֪Լܵߵʱ򩤩ܾûһϧֻʣ²Ӱ 
٫սʱĿŭѾƽ 
飬ûü˼ڿˡ 
ǴǶԣ 
⣬ʵǣ᣿ 
ŶҪڿɲףһҲ 
ң 
̰ԼĶǰһأΪҲ֪ȥ˶¡ 
һ룬ЦˣȻųȥ 
ǺȡһԺ֮ᣬ澺˵ľӴ 
ҹįἧϨƣ»˯ 
§ͷϱ鷿һƬͨӰǰ˿׺ 
ЩǷǳңԶ˩Ȼ̤ǰˮĥʯϣһֻµڣӦĽŲ 
ԺأĿԣƱ紵һжûںҹ 
 
ĸĥңѵһ᣿ 
Ѿûʱٵȴްջܰգֻıһ 
ֻıһtetsuko 

Ц쳾(51) 

Ը-- 

֪ľԼȻġ˵ЩѵǶֵа֮᣿Ƿŵ顣ʹûнɵΪһѵϲһٵԼΣ߳ܡ 
ǵ˵µ˲Ŀ:֮ᣬΪ˩ûУֻȻֽҪȥȴеӱܣ޷ſ 
ƣ̬ʮĸ 
ߵкһ㱣Լ¡ 
ιû 
أ˵˩ʵ 
ͻȻˣ̾ϣʱ򣬿˿䣬к˵ɣν 
̲ݵζ㡣 
֣鲻é 
ǰʣӿʼ𣬷ֵɫûù 
ǷȻǺᣬ˵֩޲ˣ 
룬ֻÿȻǰЩİƣҾ㹻 
к˷ۣʹ裬ްɰʤỹǷɩˣû취ֻԼ׳ա 
ɫ￴㶡 
ȻЦ̸ֻҵǲǣ䣿 
Ҳ֪һ˽ˣĿҪ˽OKֲǰѯ 
־ãѵ״º̸ཻǼѵ¡ 
̾˿ǵǸеĽ𣿱޿ɵ 
ͷʾǵã˩ 
ľéֻǷѡ 
˵꣬־Ĭ 
ҿĿưģһ룬ͷʾˣҡͷǻʾӡ 
㲻˵˶ǻʺˣһԷʷһԷǲƱοXXûȤԽԽͣӣռ齡 
ƺǽϤ˻ʼģŵϽĴֿڶעð˳ 
˵驤ѵñ۵㣿 
Ŷǩɾû⡣ĳ˺ĸε˵Ϊģ 
ֱǺԡ 
ְ㲻̾ͲҪǿϾֻǸѩĵĻǾ㹻ˣǲԼοĳԲᱻʵþˣǱҪé 

΢۾ĬҪ侲 
ֿʼ 
һ̣ȴٴ¶Ƶı顣Ȼƽʱе㰮ԣǶ˵Ļ̫ɬˡ 
꿴⣬껹Ĺ£ֻաϣתͷƣĽߡ 
˵ȥɣԤҪˡtetsuko 

52[Ը] 




յķ䡣ɴһҵ⣬˲ֻС룬ѾҪա̴㣬ζ˿Ϸ졣 
м俴ʱһغˣĺıصģ˿ɢңиĶĴѡ˰գƺѡһʣµģʰԣȥˡ 
ƾǸ֧԰ףѪ 
ᣬԶԶТµ꣬Ŀ⿴ 
ҪЩʲᣬҷԸȥ죿 
Ѿ˩ʣµľ㩤ɰҵĻסˣ 
ǵá 
𣿡 
Ҳ㡣ЩɬȻػش 
Ωһ˩𣿡ȻаȵһЦһ촽ȴָƽ 
Ǹĺөļϣ˿ֻĽ 
˵ҴȥٲתҪҡ 
һ˫۰򣬲Ҫӯ䣬˶ѾԶˡ 
ɣ˩ĪҪңȻпͷԡЦ 
᲻룿֪ܲ룡ǵ֣ 
ʱЩ֪ضˣ 
˼޶Wұģֱϸ̰ɫᱩҹͲǷģϸҹ鷿ͼǺγйأֻһһ΢Ц֪ԼӲֻḯٰͣӲš 
ϸͷߣ檶ҹʱС֪˭Ϊȴֻ˵ѳЩ춻޷ס 
δϸᣬѾ 
ϴ÷зүȴţаһһػܡ 

һ죬ҹߵǰͣլʢûӹջ 
úǣǸɱ˵ƫ˹ǣʹΥ׳ȴ̣һųԹ 
֪ǺҪҳһţ㩤Ҫǵãᣬϵ׮Ӿùٸ㲻ڴ˼䣬ⲻ⩤ּ͢ɨа㼴ʹͨҲСģ 
ˣƾܲ£˵һϯɵȻᰮĽӵ뻳Уݱģʱǻۣ޿תҰѸøɾ 
ȴһӣмվٿԶˣ㩤 
᣿Ҽ⼸վӲéΪûл 
չһЦָüģɣɩѵǼʳĹ»ҰҪαٶһأգ 
˵ת 
˵Ҫˣ 
ƺǼ˰ϧģִš 
̾ǲǻûˣ 
ͣ衣 
һüĻһûκɹһȴ׮Թû˽ᣬķ 
ͷ룬ɱ˩ҲǵεĵزˣԸΪ׮ľĹ㡣 
üⲻģ 
˵תȥ 
ߣңԸȴУֻĪҪƲңѾȥδҸթĵϣ׵Ľס 
ҿЦѵҲˣ 


ȻʶƣǺ˵ 
߿ڵ飬ҵһζ޲Ʒ˸عĿڣ׷ϱ 
ȴ˵ǵ׽ĩ 
˵ĴԾа˲ʣһ͵ظɱˣл· 
̾ϢһͻȻ˵Ҫߡ 
֣ȴûͷݵأֻ׼˳ԯһð죬·ǻʡװݣȥֻǺЦ 
ᣬǨסǣ 
ΪżΪƣȴҪѺש㲻׼ 

ֳЦɫףĿӡ 
Ϊ֮ᣬʾѧʣĿȴֻóһ֪ΪʲᣬݲãһW죬ȴİףһ੤˵Ҫһȥأ 
ҽ˷Ըһͷδĳ裬ޱߡԭ֮ûΣ˼䲻ͷӺ˵ٲأ 
ʼҲûҪȥδֻΪ˵ⲻġһ䣬ʲᶼ˵ˡ 
ĹȴҪǣһֺ֡γǱĿ 
忡Ӱ̤복ݣнԶ֪ԵҾ糯¶ӻѼ쳾 


53 

[Ը] 


ˮֱ,»ˢ·ٵòӡɽǰ·ȴΪɽĹϵ 
һڵ·ߣһӰ֧ɡʰɽȥˮ˳ʯűʪ½°ڣģƺţþòģģƮϸġ 

ɽŴɽĺҶûʱڣȻ̵ģȴΪ꣬ˡз㣬Ҷӣͬĺ죬ವ½룬ɭ䣬ɽʯ᾵ĵ· 
һƬ! 
ĻԭҰݣɽȫʯͷɽȴĻɽïܵԶԶȥһƬһƬǸطǰСû˵һȻ 
ҶȾ֮ʱҲǴһͬɾһ㡣ǣıգʼղɱһأƬɽ԰Ŷ˵ҵļôļ硣ط֮˶ˣĵط˽ͷĹĵط˽ط쳾 
ң޹һڣݲº쳾 
Ҵϸ㣬ԶҲ 

͸صĻһпҡ 
䣡Ϥĺ䣬ڴӵĲʱоģƽнеĺľɡڲס꣬ʪ͸·˵£ϸݵֱۣ·ɽŲصˮ⣬ڽż⡣ 
̧ͷȥɽïִӼ䣬Զε־úýˡ 
죬ǵãСҲôʰ٣һãĳŸ裬һߵưܵɽǰ 
磬̿綯ҡ 
ó˵Ļҳӭӿˡٺþòã಻׼߳ߵĶҲֻ࣬й˽̵СһסЦ쳾˻ڣԣǶĵĳܣ 
쳾ЦЦֻغ࣬࣬ǳʵףʵף 
ڴϣעҪܿ࣬עҪΪۡø࣬ôЦ 
գ಻֪Σĵһλ֪Ϊʲôһ޵ɵϡ 

ʱ򵽵˭أڴŵǹˣɷΣǵۣǣһ£֮ͬǰ뿪ʱȴϣðʧײ꣬һеϹŻɫĲȴӵ޵ 
ֻڴįɽУи顣ԭҲǹ¶ģֻǾŰˣδϹһΣԽԽˡ 
ųţŵšԭЦһϱ⡣ 

ڶѾأΪʲôأԼǣôܹסԼ֪ȴҪԡ 
ʯͷɽ·е࣬Ϊ塣ûͣɵľҪȥȻɽô䡣Ŀһǻ 
ҪҪˣǸĵССҪΣûҪʲôҲ֪Ҫ˵ô롪ôҪˣֻһ档 
ңֳԹδˡķǵļһǳԹأԹˣ޴𰡣ֻˣǲĺ޵ɱ뵽Ҫʹ壬ؿڣʲôʱʼģ 
΢΢ĵطҿЦʲôʱ;ˣҲȥ·ֻһ˾ԩҪɣֻ 

ߵ·ľͷ 
ɽſţ˶ȥƽֶµĿº٣ʹȥҲǳ塣 
֪ɮˣе㾪ȣֻÿͺ忡·ŮһգֻвɫòϧʽŻȴûӣķÿʵټ 
˷ѯʩк£Сɮȥͨ 
𣿡İһڣ֪ǸӣᣬǺ֪ɮһɾȴõģȴͷڣ¸ýˣǰգʦոԲţλʦƣ˵һ˫ֺʮ 
΢Цͷȴ֪׮ϲ£Ҹأʦȥͨ˵ãЦ쳾 
֪ɮͷôǹŹֶ֣δƽԲŵԭƲĵģʵڸˣýǡ 
Ƿ̽ÿ֧ͣɡſڣƵĺЦֻҲ̫Щ 
֪ɮȥʣͤЪ˵ԼⲻȥΪ˽룬̫ˡ 
֪ˣȥաڱͤУĿ֪ɮ뿪 


54 
[] 


Ҫˣ뿪ʱ. 

֪ͻȻú.Ľ,ڶС 


˵,ֻǸ,,һҲȤһ֪ꡣߴûгֹ龳,кؼûиҪһ 


Ҫղ񡪡һӣģһʼʹ˵ĸ顣 

ЩĴˣ˵Ļ 

˵ʲôǰģšеģôĿԴķֺֺ 

˵ 

ôǣԹߣʲô˵أ 

ΪԼ޷˽˵ĸоôʱ䣬Ҳиģĸ 

ܾԼһϹֻ࣬,󿴼ˮ߹ⲻһ. 

ôܸǰʵأ 

ʹˣ׷Ѱˣ 

һжȥˣͲҪһϺܶĽԶڹȥѽȻĽ 

˵ģǰƽ㵽δȥѾڵľأؿɬǸ 

ǿտҲİ 

£ǰ֮䣬˺Ǹ֮䣬ȥɣʲôʱҲʼôƸУ 


˵һͣ 

˼꣬ͻȻ 

̫ģ̫Ķһʱزܾ 

ֻ΢΢ԥһ£˵֪ȫҵĴ֪һʼұִԣ޷飡ֻ֪ӱܣȴ֪벻ӣûʲôֱ𣡡ҲƭԼƭԼǸĹģǸǣҵģǸġǵ˽⵽ʱѾ̫ˡ 

ȻˣǾû취˰ 

˵ǻߣ߷ʱνͨһ˿ڣԼҲЩ죬ʲôʱô߱ͬˣ 

ʱķָոΪʵûڹ΢΢ţ俴Ҳÿһ˳ǰĸǺʹİɣ 

ǱǸ޷ֵģΪʲô벻ѽ 


55 
[] 



ôţú޹־ԼӦñֵٴһ㣬кʾοʣĥԼ֣Ѿ͵˵¸һ㲻ý黳ںޡ 

ִӿƵʹʵҺĽ㣬ǵùףһ˿һҲû𣿡ҾãǴڱңҴǰľ顣 

ǰˣʲôܶӵɣ 

ҲֻڶѡǶʲôģ˵˵ͺˣͺҽɵͻȻͷ 

ûʲô԰οģֻǰڳʵı˵Ƕ룬Ƿңڹôľ㹻ˣѵܰô 

Ҫ㣬ǲԼˣҲҪأ㶼ˣ΢Ц 

ֿôš 

۾ϸ봩ǧµļ䣬ڻ귣ҲûǹģÿһתеѪһɢĹ¡ 

Ŀһĳ죬꣬ƬĺҶޣమ޷õĶһ쳹׵ʧȥ 

ʺϽֵһص㣬羰ôϤʱҲɽС 

֪ΪʲôͣҪȥ֡ 

ǸССɽڻûбķҶһɽվһҰļƾֵ棬ΪҲϧ޹Ұ֮󣬲ľǳɽһҲǿˣ֪ķ紵֪ĺҶڽϣɽָıò 

ԴĲܾļ棬쿪ת䣬ּ䳪Ÿ裬꣬ȴ֪˭ 

ϤɳɳˡĽ壬һ¶ˮ죬þõȥ˭֪Եֵľͷʲô 

ޡ 

ѵѾ 

ȱķֻ̬Ұĺ꣬ʵԼҪҲҪֻҪ㲻ɸı޷ֹԻһı仯Ϣѭ֮ 

ǲ֪ʲôˣ 

޿˵ҲٷգʵҲܹ 

ͷʹʱ֪Ϊˡ 

еһͬҵĶҩ͸֫ٺȻ֪Լûûһ㣬ԼԸоԶڣ鶯ζ 

żż 


ɽŴţܿʯ׺͵ΡãΡ 

Ԥ׵վɡ 

߳ͤӵʱ򣬿Զһ˽׵̨ϣվǸˡ 


޷ĵķգ˵Ҳֻһ˸ȥͿԵǼ֡ 

ڱ˰ǸӭŷվֱĮȻĳʪ仹΢΢Ķս 

ǰ̧ͷףĿ⾼۾İˣӡ 

ǿɮڲסݣ۵ĺҶҲڲס԰׵ 

֪Ҳ˲ٵĿࡣ 

кþòˣҿ㣬㵱ʱͿա 

վţ 

ҲֻǺΪûж 

ʰ𴹵صĺ£ͬһֻϸ 

ڵͷˮʪ̧۾·ӳɽҶȥ 

˺쳾Ȼ·컯ջޣܰ˵Ҳ̳Ե 


ˣһ 

56 
,ɽҶ 
裬µ˺ᡣ 
ûķңһ۾ϳ 
ĴݣйԼҪڽһ 
չһ΢Цſɡ 

ģ˵ӣⱲҪ㣬͸ҩ仰ɻ 
Ĭվһ˽ϣ߸ߵˮ,ĿһͷͳŪ 
˲㣬ҪúõĻشҡ˵ 
Ȼɫĺȩ 
ᣬ£ɮɧҲ֪ľȻǸβһһǿ־壬ɮֳַٴС 

㲻ˣС 
ĵڲΪ£ҲΪŭǴʹ࣬ʹǰĥãٴο޷ֹҪֲ֧ס 
ЦԼŵ˵뿪ȴʧԼˡ 
飬··һǰҲˡ 
ɮȴ˺Ȼ޷ԼĶ䡣 

ٲ̨̤ס 
ĴȣͬʱɮҲƴ 
˵Ҫң˵Ҫõ㣬ֿܷ 
׷ɵ½ͬҡҷ𣬻㱵أһģҪȥ 
Ĳŷɫ԰ףٲѡ 
ϵĺ죬˿ĺڣ۾ҿ 
ɮڼģмǰ׽á 
¡ĵ 
֪µɮǲڣʱӵɮˣ֮¶һ֪ɮɻȵؿǵ֡ 
ǿԵǿ֪ҪԸֻҡ 
ЦЦҲͣ 

ҩߣ 
˵ĻֻԼ˵Ǹ 
ߵĶɿͣΣԹ 

ٴ㾡ؽסߣ򩤩 
Ҫɱң𣿡۾ˣʪģˮģȥȴˮ 
ûᡣ 
֣ˣ 
һĵӣ 
֣Ѿ֪ϣǺܿͻ 
ɮƺЩǵĿֻţ֣ͣԽηȥ 

ʹı۾ߣ 
ҵȥؼҿԵȥһһǰ㲻Ҫɱģ 
ҡͷǶڲԶˣαة 
Һ㣬𣿡Ц£ӲǰߣֻԼ֣ȴǶ߳ܣѿκΣ˭ֻꣿ 

£ʱ߷ߺͱȥǿסԼһ£˻Уö 
ȴһϵǳģѵҪɣ 
һսֻһλϣ˾飬ĵر˹ 
ֻܶԸˣȥա 
ߣ֣ʩǴ ʹؽк 
ɮһʱ޴롣 
ֻĿ̨Ϸ 
ϩһסҪǰɮ˶ΣıزǰµԸа 

һЦֻڽͣ½Ų 
û䣬㻹Ǹģ 
תȥɽҰȥˡ 
̬μһģһ 
ĵۣײߣˣߣ 
ҩҧͻȻڲϸݵɮһƣȥ 
Ȼἲɫɮ˻ȥһ˶Ը 
ʱɫǰѲͬţɣ֣̿ġȻǺܾηλߩѡȡˣٿһµаһ޺ģΪѣǰΧ 
Һ˵һػǵ¡ⲽڰ·ɡͻȻ쳣Ŀ⿴һȺ 
Ƕȥһȡ 
ɮɧˣᣬֱҰҲ 
տռżţ׷ϳˮһ㱣ֻʣˡ[qiu/mm] 

Ц쳾57 

================= 

ԣС 

ķ˿һˮ£ڵ۾ֱģҪģѵ᣿ 
УһⲻУǸ 
ֻΪЦЩ·ҪڻУֻҲҪڻİֻΪǸ᣿û 
㣬㹻ˡĵƵػӦ 
˶˵ֻصģǶ㲻ʱҲʱǲǾͿһˣ˵ɵɵһΪûнصީûʲᡣ 

ȷһ죬ᱡڸǡ˫ϥʯϣԡ 
֪ʲʱһ˽׵ĸ̨ҲĽˡ 
ߵߣղµģɵꡣ 
ֽɡģίٵˣſɡסļ 

ûֻأҲ㣬ȻҪʹȥ˩֪ᣬСУ 
ǻ࿴ǰ˺ϤֺİΪ̫Եʡ 
ȻڶǰǼʱ򣬾˴ֻ˲ǵˣΨǸؼ䳤ôڵޣ 
˵ûб˴˺úõûб˴˺úý̸˺Ͼǲͬ 

ģ㣬ҿ飿 
ֱѯʣ֪Ƕѳڵʣ 
ߴǰûںĶȴжҪ 
Ҳ֪αң 
ԣһ䣬۾ߵ裬W˫ۣģһƬ̶ˮ˳޳Ľëա 
㲻֪ϴĴİˣǰԵĽüʧȥɣȴǣĳ١ 
㲻֪ 

֪Уޣ飬ޣ 
ǳ 
ǻһΣǿ̹ǣ 
ǳɵǷ񲣬 
㩤֪ 
һˮ£·꣬һξһı 
ΪʲᩤҪҳİ· 
Ϊʲ᣿ 
ǣΪʲҪǿģǿԵأ 
Ǿȡ 



ˣꡣ 
סڣٸش𣡡ָסǰ촽Ļ橤˵һأ 
ĵҺ㣬 
ָסĲӣ 
ûֱڴŭɱ⡣ 
ģһ˫۾ 

ûᣬǲʲı˭֪أҲ֪ 
Уҵģ 
ָָϸ 
ıסһģһͬڵϡȻſָˮĵؿڣֻоһƬԼȺͱ䣬㶼ǿʹ 

һֻƣסһƳķ˿ս 
ǻᣬӺͷƵ,Ҳңǲǣ 
Цˣңõúܩ 
ĬĬǣƤϵů˿ıһ㡣 

ٿõǼٵļ 
һһ׵ɽ֡ 
ȴû 
ˣջķŭ 
ǰһֱֻ˿С 
߸ߵʯϣɽҶ 
һ˷ƽ׶ 
ԭವ½ģȫѪ죡߿ʼɢ. 
һĺҶȣͻ񼣣ķ 

ָĵǵҳʱɽһW۾ǽ죬ʤգͺɵľӴǸϣҸ㿴ϧ㲻ͣһҪɱңһҪǡ 
˵գףתĻ 
ӣҲŮӣδʶȴġԽĸ裬ֱ˽ 

ֻؿ࣬һز벻ǧɳúտݹǣ 
תӯĻֽᣬת۲ŵüĿ 
Ҷָ±任ŨɫҲȾʺ졣 
ףֱȴԸͣ¡ 
д۵һһ紫˵и辡Ѫ̾Ϣ 
ֻؿ࣬гˣǰ˽ 
Ϳհ˼ 
ƺصȥұ㾡üңȻǰɴ衣䣬Ҷ꣬ȴѪ 
ֻؿ࣬ǧŵįκѭ 



ɭϵʯ̨ӰܺҶ̳£һ˿϶·ͣһΪһ壬ŨWѪ죡 
ʣ鳤衣 
ֻؽԿ੤ 
ͷ΢˫ۣ˰꣬ؼֻѪ԰ 
˷罫ȥֻĿʹڻ쳾 
 
ܵ¥ƺҲɫڱΣٿ׷Ӱ 
ľҲ˳ʧɫ 
գ 

һˣšε˼ڳ 
ѵ߲ܶ᣿ 
ĵ¡ 
ǴģûиĵȨ 
һжעˣ 
Ȼ޷ڣҲ޷ıʲᣬֻ˽֣Ľ֣ΪʲҪһ׸أֻصĿ࣬ѵ͸ 
ĸоůĶƣϴȥˮɬ 
ĵȱɿ¾ĵط 
Ǹط֪ʱѪʶ 


ͷڵʹǵ̺졣 
ʺǹȵҺ壬ٳ 
Լǰʹڽȥһ˲Ϯ̲סһѪӿߣ۲԰׵ҵģ 
ڸ赽βʱ̣ȹᴩš 
ԸоĿڵı 
ûԥһ֮ 

¾еѪ飬Цˡ 
Ѱա 
߱۾ҲУ 
ٴηŵϣֽ߬Ử˿ҲԸ֣ƽ·ۺһңĸĺܺ 

ĸ˷ͣô 
ϵһд߱ҪȥԼȻãԼѡ 

̧ͷȥҶ׷׶£ý޷Ѿû 
ͷԼѪȾģһѪ죬ڵޱ޼ʵĺɫȥ 
뿴ģұ 
ϡ 
ĿڵƶҪ뿪뿪Ļ͸ȥˡ 
ץסȶˡ 

㣬ᡣĵĶʡ 
£Ҳġ 
ĵ뿪ȣͻȻӵס˵ 
ҵҵġ˭Ҳ 
ҿЦˡ 
ֻʱǰˣŻģʵ̫顣 
£εŪˡ 

ƣ·Ѿ 
䣺ġǷҵģһǷҵĶ 
ãҴӦ㡣 
˻ش𣬷·ڷǰԼһϡ 
ԣſסȵ֡ 
Զ 
ܿ죬ܰ 

һգֹ 
ƿճաǸͿֶ̿Ӳڹ [qiu/Cissy] 

58 
[¶] 



Ϣգյƻûɢȥȴƴкһ£Ĵ򿪴ӡ 
ɫԣǰȥסݵǷݾõ˼ 
֪ԼǷܿǸˣЩԵĻ 
Ѿ̫ʧ,Ȼڴһʧȥĩ 

˵ˣ 
Ĺ£Ǿ͵ˡ 
ƾܵ꽦ʪơ 
һ־Ϳժ´ҶһλƵյ£ķ羰ֻЩ 
ǺأƵᣬڳͣˮһû,ղס顣 
Ĵʬ壬˲֪աصּɽУĹһᣬͲˡ˽ģߡάߵƽش 
к׿ƬҶӣת˵ʼթ 
ʲҲû᣿ 
˵Ĺ£һҲ벻 
ܵɫϣɲǾɫֵȻֻصĿҲڵҩ 
Ϊ˵㣿عҡͷ֪ 
Լ 
ıŹ֣˵Ҳֵ֪뷨֪ԼģָԼԴָͷڵͷȥҾǻǵΪֹɣ 
ֻֿĬʼգİ·᣿ 

ʹ벻Ҳ 
һӣϲ˭кҡͷҲֻ꣡ 
˻࿴ͱˣζʹܵı飬޾ա⽥ɫҲ޷ط䡣 
˭֪ӵĽ 
ƣһص䣬عš 

һ䴩Լɵ·±ݡ 
ؿʱ򣬷ڿ⡣ 
紵ּɳɳҶļӰڴ̨ϣʱᱻ紵ȥ 
طöı䡣Ҷ࿴ 

˵ҰѺҶ⣬ϣܹʱ̲ 
̾˿ҶǺкҲʼҲǸˣҲֶѾʧˡ 
ɫԻ 
ʧԼǷȻαִⲻʲû䣬Ǹá 
 
һԼɣҲ㡣 
ףַŵŰϣġ ҿũ 
Ҳߣ 
ǳ鴤㩤ܣ 
һڣҼ 
ҪҾʹ绰֪ͨ㩤ڿš 
䣡 
ǺصЩ 
֪ǿҲûнǵ˹ȴ޶Եʱ޷ʵΪ漣 
䣡 
俴ǱӴܡιʲᣡ 
ֱһǰͰ׽סˡ 
ƴŤιſң 
ֽסϸůѾͼﲻƣԸ֩ 

ֲԺЩòӲϹɣ 
䱾ȫûܲס೤һٹ䣬˼Ĺ 
ӶǶͯ˵˻档 
Ҫк񱻲β͵è 
ָĦĸӿ־塣ƾܡ 
ǱȥȵĴϮ 
һѣΩΪԷ̫飬Ϊ̫ƾʲҪ 
ҩֵ͵ͺ 
úܺ䣬Ѿõ֡ 
˵ҷң 
Ҫһֱֱ֣ҡ 

˵ƫִ񣬵ȷ벻ӢȻûбŭŤȴֲʶԼ 
伱ҪҺ벻 
شеǣǵĴ߶ʩ[mm/qiu] 

59 

[¶]- 

֣伱ɺǰһı磡ͷһ㣡 
ᩤԵأһſŽ⿪ĳӡȻغûдŵ¡Ѿ˩ 
Ťͷǰʹһΰı 
䶯̫ʧȥƽ⣬ǵȥˤڵϡ 
عַֻ, һŭ,챻ϡ 
⳱ʪеǣеĿǰе˹ȥ 
׹⾡ͷĺڰ 
ʪĺ͸Ħļ 
վеƿˡĩˣԼǸƿģ˭ƿ˭? 
ֻԼҪʲطȥڵʯ䡣 
գ۾Ƶ컨塣ԭһֱͷ 

Ҹղţ 
˵ղͻȻƿҩ 
üëҪˣɱ𣿣Ҳñң 
éҶ!֣һѽ䳶뻳С 
ĵ鰡 
Ħգȥ뵽 
ţ 
޼ɵжձѬȵĳ뿪塣䲻֪Ǻá 
вͨ 
ԷѵΪΪ 
ʹһҲС޷ѹһѸٵſȥȴ͵رײϡ 
ɥˣԿϣ־ϵԽԽ 
ķˣȻˮȴݾܾظĦк.ָĦȷζ뵽¡кòֶΣ 
ǲɹڴ춿־ѿУֻ߶ѡĦƣƶ˸оʹһ̷Ҳ 
Ϊʲۣ 
俹ڿҵ𽥸ֳĶҪ´橤оԼܾᷳûֹܾͣ÷޷˳Уʧȥԡ 
䱻ֻˤԷĴϡ 
Ȼ俴е.¹Ǳ̬ߣʵҲǵУ 
˵˫ֱϵʱģйʹõͳͳˡ 
ϧֻһѡ 
ҪֵĿ⻹һ峺ѵġ 
ᣬǸкѹϣҲûз 

˫ֱˣ·ѹ⣬β㡣 
һȻϤǻѵˣͼȩϳţû£ 
Һ˲̫ݣֻǲͣĥ߸Ħ壬ûŪ 
 ԼûҪȥֱһɣͳ군ˣǷֵ 
Ǿģɣ 
к۾ӺڰѰһпԿĻ󩤩һ£Ȼ欣ȴܰԵһͷ˿أ۱߷ߣͶ㾡ջ󩤩һӢ꣬ȴǸߣ룬Ӳ驤ԼʼղϷ 

ѹ˺,еϢ,ҵȥûгɹ 
鷳Ҫȥ׷һμ䣿 
ȻȴನۣһΣЧأ 
ʹģǻģǻƣǺҶеΣ 
߻صʼһҹʢµСüһ⣬Ͻ쩤⾰Ҳ뿴һ˵Ƿǳġ 


̧ӣѶ飬ȴԼһҪµͬһȡ 
ֻǲͷ˼ҲƮԶˣ˵ŬǰҲԣǱȴǻҪ˯ 
Ȼû·ǻ¯ƵıͦůͣĦʮᣬûǿȵļ󩤩ȻǱס 
û𣿡ͻȻ 
俴ᶨҡҡͷ 
кʣڿˣ 
ѵ촽ͷ 
˱ӣιˮָǵʪӡøɣڴߣꡣ 
֪ΪʲᣬҺû취ʲп驤кЦҸøɴ㣬ⲻϵļףǩҾȻ첻 
ϣ֮⡣˳Ҳһ¡ 
ھεֹңΪǰͶ˲̵飬ǣȴĥҡ˱ˡ 
ĬҪ˵Ļ˵ˣֻ˵ѡѡ 
Ķͷк΢εĴͷվ߳ȥס 
һ˱ڴͷԡľ͸ϦУϦէ仹£ǰһƬɺ졣 

 

60 

[¶] 






䵽ʱ䣬ûлؼҡ 
ƽʱٲ˹ʵġΪĸҵҪæүүϾǸϺͿ 
ǽܾľؼȴûӡ 
үү˵ȥȲ衣ǣ͸ҲûӰֻû˽ 
ֽ˵ش˵к˵꣬һˡ 
̫ûܿ峵ơ 
ʱ˱ĳ嶯ѵǱΪڱһӾǺ뵽״ֻһѹȥҴ˵Ǹĵַ͵绰 

Ժ˵绰壬ܿͱжˣ㹻ʶԼֻ۾ˣϸϸĵûѾľ 
ڽ绰Ϊµҹ̫ϡڵ죬ƺںʲ硣 
ǼⷵȻǹŴģϾе绰 
ϣܴ绰ؼңüөǲ̫ˡ 
˼룬ͻȻˣ־ֱֽ⿪ 
кϲؿΪķ֣ϵıƺֲ 

üǵߡ 
ߣɻʶ״ﲻܴˣһңԷҪıص㡣 
ݵӰһҪĩ·᣿ 
Ǽĺɫ·ֱȻó˽ 
˵ʱȡģĺ̬һˣһͷ亹Լڶ110ĿԱʬ֣ϷӱնϣǱȼɱ 
ҪˣԼܰԼɵˡ 
ҪŪʲطȥ 
֪Ϳˣ㩤һֱߵġػش 
ڿˮûüһ䣬ͱס졣Ǹ޼ɵˣŪ 
˾޴ֿ 
ǳߵ⣬ģ䱻ַ 
棬ϵۣʲæ汻ˣҵõ 

涼ǺСʱֻضǷҶӣ̵ֻҶǿϧ 
ִ򿪳ŵʱɪߣﻹڰʱҪıĻڳ˿ȽȰ裬Ǿԣɹʾ͵ˡοΪ˷ֹߣ·Ҳûϡ 
ֺذѳˡ 
мûʡû뵽ʱĹԼϵǩʵϰʻִա 
ҵȥʲʱϷңڳܲ첻ƽȳ٣˼ҡ 
ӹչ춷ֵƬ֣Ȼ˹· 
һƬˮϴأľٻعͷרעķ֣Ĳµʱǳרעеҵһ΢üͷӣ˾ǸĸɾˡǹĶͷοǸӣҹһһĹ£ֺһжʵ 
֣ϵּҵʱѾȥݿաҲû׵˽ȥ 
迴˺ѵҽһݣ˵ϣ滹ůĩ¡ 
װɢͨ˾ֵĵ绰 
Ķıˡ 
tetsuko 

61 
{¶} 



ʻҹĹ·ǹû´뿪С 
ǸķӡκںжǷЧֻˡܰأǼԽĹ֪ĸ׿ܻᱨ񾯲ȥһֱŤ׼ԮϣǶã 



ҹ·һյһյģͷĺԽԽ޷ܣ춲ҽȵʵѡͷ˯¡ 
ˣ䩤תͷĵؿ 
䱻ȫһ˯ˣӷǳꡣ 
˼Ŀ 

ſ۾ʱһ˲Ի 
ڶ˵ڳ衣ʲᶼܼǵˣҲֻǴŪصԿǣԼһ·Ƿֵףҹˣ䡣 
͸ԶС߸ǮҪ 
ֱԼûҲûȻ˯õ߻ᡣ 
ͷһ˷ڳߵֻ 
æͻȻ˵ӣʹֻ̹ɿذϤĵ绰룬ֻĻĶ亹ʱԼĽŲֻ̰λװ˯ӡ 
Ų˳ǰسӵ˿ҲûɹԼѾˡһ͵Ĭ֪ڿһһСʱһѾ͸ĺˮ֪Լûá 
춷䲻ҶֵסʲеĶ˯ 
ҲҪ˯جεģԼ۾ȴҴ򿪣𽥵ģĺڰȥ 
ԣٳˣҵ˯ΪʲҪҿЩЩ޻Ļ 
ѵɸĥһ㹻ԼҲ˲ɣ 

ҹûֹһ䲻֪Լˣǿ۾ʧؿڰҹɫ 
ѹʱҹѾʧöã 

ЩԣֵĳٶȺÿ죬󱻴߱һ 
䱻ٶŻˣԼɳƺ˵̫ˣ֣Ҫʲᣡ 
ֲڼ١ 
䣬ڷﺰУٰ٣㲻Ҫˣ 
һ仰ͻȻ÷ַٶȡ 
תͷһ䣺ģҲ 
Ǳ׷᣿ 
ֺݺݿһۣ㲻֪ 
üͷ ƺԼҲ驤Ϊʲ᣿ 
͸˩ɣѵǸһҲΪԼ͵ĵ绰漣ֻͨҲֻһİѣʲأҪᣬ绰ϵΪģϧŹ񩤩 

ʱ򣬳ߣֵֻͻȻкһѸٵץ绰 
һͷǸİ˵ǳƽͣʹڷУҲ׵ 

 
ҧŪˣ 
ͬһ˴ĵڶ绰ֵѯʷʽ񾯲죬ҲϤˡ 
ָе꣬׷Ƶز 
ֻ׹رգָȴִܻ 
ʱȴ׾ѹһƬ˷ܵڴŹĽչٳʱҲþȵʱ 

ƽ߽ƽֱ·һ߳˺ֻǿֻܲһƬˮܴһ޼ʣеıԵһڵĹ·һӾ뿪һ·շѿڣȻ뿪Щ΢һ֪Ҫɹˡ 

ֻʱóڵˣĶ˲ 
ֲͷɧŵĵ绰ֱӹػֻãתֻŵ˶ߡ 
֣㿴𣿩㿴ˡѾߵùԶͻɡ 
Ǹİ˵ºͬģйȰζǳİһ鼴ǣο˵Ωֵһ䣬͵˵绰 
ʲˣʡ 
㩤Ҫܣֺŭİѵ绰˦һߣ绰ӳ϶лȥ˫üĳ 
ǣֻٴ𣬷ֶʱͷһٲ绰ȴͷǿԼרĿȥᡣ 
ȴ޷绰͵ۿ֣绰ߩֻһֻƵľ멤һ°ɣֻһ£ֻҪ֪˭ĵ绰ֲΪɱġ 
кСĵ̨֣ŵ˶ߡ  


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ֻЩ΢Ļ䵽أͲӰ 

ǵǰٵӡ 

㱣ֻǵɽȵһʢ 

һƬĺУİɫɮºϵƣˮе£ 

ȥ׽סȴһϮµĻۣĺӣϳյʹ 

һж̫Զãúܣ𣬾ȫˣǵģȫ 

ϡܼǵӽͽзҡ 

һȣ仯ɶֶѵٶò˶ʱļįްľӴ˵˼䣬Ӵ˶˺쳾 



ͻȻϴˢɾֻеİģȴƺĵϸ 

αˣҪҵˣѾˡ 

֪һգױʲôͷȥ 

ֻǽӲǣ˭ˣ 

˭Ѿڣڴˡֻز 

ֻز 

ͻȻԼͷģ·ʧȥƾֱҪ׹ 

촽ţͷҲţ£־壬̻һ糱ϫӿؿڣĺǣ޷κ顣 

ֻԼԼ·Ȼһѣֱֺƽء 

ֻһɲǣеĴֲڼ죬ʧȥƵķУֲľ޴һжȥ类ײ÷飡 

ȵȣһȣ㵽Ҫ˵ʲô㵽ΪʲôЩ 

ĻԻ󣬾еĻе뿪գеʹѣΣԼµĶֻصĿ̺ۡ 





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ִӶݵѹͿǰĲΪһ֩״ 

Ŀ϶۶ϵ֦֦ߵϴ˽ȥȴû˵ֻǲ˼ 

ʱ䣬֪Լ˳ΪȫԵʣǰȻкܳһʱ䣬ͻŪô㡣ȻתͷߵʱȴӰĸʻλϿյģûκѪ 

ӣĵתǰͷײϣѾٵòˡʱٿһЩ䶼ġ׷ʲô 

ָĦԼĶͷŬŸղŷ顣ǵԼӵֵĵ绰ȻǸļһǵ绰ѵ绰ߣǡƺ⡪ˣǷ̡ 

ʹ壬Ĵټ䲻ڳôܿ³ˣϾٶȲܰ˦ȥ 

ںڰţڲݴԷǵ绰ɥؼѾ𻵣Ҳܿ˭ĵ绰 

ΪʲôԷ֪һУ 

䣬ȥ 
쳾 

63{} 



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𻵵ĻַֽŭͬڰǻѾʧ˷ 
ڴּ䷢Щʲᣬȴֻ֦ҶżϸСĹʵҲ첻⣬йƵ˺赲Ķǽ侲Χз֦ҶҡҷȻ޷ֻƾֱ棬еԻΪʲһԹľ赲᳤ʱ䣬յϸСĹʵСʵϸϸëҶЩήˣЩïʢ 
ͷͻȻһ˿⣬ȴת˲Ϊҵ 
İģĽޣɬʵԼе 
ӿ޷뿪 
ġ 


֪ǽԶһЦ΢Цģ·ڣַ·ǻþʧҹʪУãġ 
֪ǽԶһЦ 

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ںҹ֦ܿҶȻչӳк̻С 
Լ, ·ǻþЦ߳ 
ϸɳһкֺөĹ⣬ںҹĴơҶϸ΢ڶɽħ 
޷Ϥ 
Ϥͬ޷ϵ˿ڣʹ 
⵽ξĥʣ޼ǣ 


кײȥڴһƬ֡Ͱȴ̸֩ڵ֦ҶɫĹʵ 
һһǻþξЩϤʹĶʵģ 
Ѿˣȫˣ 
ֻʣ©ֻʣˣ 

ɫİӰһǺںڰ̫ȻȾģԶȥ˩ֻһ죬ںڰоܱܱ 
ֽҧϵʹͷҵֻ׷ȥ޷׿ĶֻһĨ筺ɫǵģһİûڱ·֦ҶĿ 
ǾԲǴǸӰݶƮģһɣһȻáûпûУ 
괵ҶһءԶĺ˶ͣƬ̷̣ǲס԰޳Ĳӡϸݵָ΢°ڣ׸ĳ±ҹ¶ʪһ˫㣬Ҳʪˡ 
Ҷߣߵɡѩ׵ֻմȾˮ飬ûմȾ˫һ 
Ѿ޷ͣ½Ų˩ּ䱼ܣ߾ȫ׷𣬲ܿĨֵĺɫӰӣ 

֪ԼǲΣ 
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ͻȻһģ˵ϣʹϮȫ 
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ӲǱٴ̧ͷǰٲӰֵ̿ĴѰǱҲ˲ˣ岻ʹ 
صĴϢͷңˣǰʧӰ 
Ϊʲ׷ 
죬㵽ͷʲʱ򣿣 
־ڵأǶУյȭףϵʹȲͷʹ 

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ȭͷֱֱۣ۵˼򣬶ڱǻȥָ⵽˼𽥵һ΢ȡ 
ָ˷·ġһͼָһ˿ûԥĪġǧ飬ͷ 

ûжͻȻ˲ָġᵽĶʷ䩤һĨ΢ȣ뿪 
͵ץסֻ֣ٲɿ壬̧ͷֵˡ 
ݺݵسڻУҲ޹ǣ§ˣһ϶˽ڵء 
ָое쳣˳Ϣ婤ⲻ䣡 

˰£ٲѣǼеȫѶԷŪֹۣ˲Щˣ¹⣬²ɽ 
һͷ˿أ¹һգϡ欣ȴᡣ 
ûзǺߣüޣ촽԰׶¶Զ񶾵ҲչȻ΢Ц 
һһжǣ˵ 

޷ٿԼˣ 
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౻ܻ񣬾һռÿһȶȣ޷ٷֿǲΣǾ੤ 
ɫģ̰޷⿪ִֿ̹˼ȫ̫ã̫é 
ָкļϷˣƣΪкҲ΢壬Ϥ壬ѱŪܶ飬һΣȴ欵Ͱڶееȡ 

֪ʱǵغεĴ³߳ 
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᣿ʹʡ 
ĩʶһ㣬ģҲǷҵģΪҲ޷ĺ 
ᩤʹ 
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˭Ҳ֪⩤ 

ɣҴߡ 
˵գͬˮһı䣬Ц 
һʱԼһΣμʹࡣ 

65 

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ֻؿ࣬гˣǰ˽Ϳհ˼󣡩ֻؿ࣬ǧŵįκѭ 

վǻصսᡣ 
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΢Цһֻ֡ 
ֳԵ߽ӵһ𣬽,Ҳûʲֿܷǡ 


Ĳ಻éʹӺʱʼĻںޣʱԽԽľؿڡȥȫ޷ص˺ 
Ϊʲ˳ñĳ޵Ŀ⿴أ 
Ҳڸĩĸԭصߣ 
ҰΪҵҲ㣡 
ң𣿩ڹ𣿡ɳֻأһҸ㣬㩤 

Ϥһҹ紵ɢµġ 
סĴϸһ˿Ͳ̵ζ֪ж᣿ 
֪ 
֪ҵ˶𣿡 
ף 
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ǧֻ꣬Ϊ˵ȵգҵˣ̾Ϣ 
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ĬĬر˫ۣҵģģ 
ǵģȫģֱˡ 
ȻȫҵģҾҪ᣿ñʡ 

ۣҲ۾Ĵ΢Ц춱һ 
㣬ҪҵǷĩǲǣ 
ҹصЦ˿㡣 
ԭһףֻѡ 
ǣǲǷǳ᣿ֻҪΪΣ 

ָкĴüͷɾϴһ٣һܾȥңԵ٣¶磬Ļ֣޾ķթӦڴսᣬǿʼ 
ҵĳˣúͿ 
ֻؽԿ࣬ף 
Ҫף 
סֵĲܾͬúܾǰǲԸֵ顣 
˸еˣҲûһ̵ϲһԵб˶ֻأ͸ý⿪ 
ǣֻȻЦһսһͬ׹䣡 


Ϸһĺˮͬ춱ߵˮΣһһʹںҹҲܿԵĲ⡣ 
ˮУе¶ȶߣֻͷ 
ڼֻеΣ 
ʱתһƬŵؾ 

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欵²ǽյ촽³Ŀ 
Ρ 
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޷޷֫û˸оȪ 
ЩʹҲ޷ϴĻ䣬ˮģڻ 
ͺӷǰ¶飬԰׵ָͬȱ΢ЦһͬˮУɢ޺ۼ 


Ұĺˮ,ǳЦһеĳĵЦݣ޷ˣںڰС 
Ҫ 
ѾΪʲҪߣ 
ԩ 
һǷҵĶ 
ƣ·Ѿ 
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Ϊʲᩤϡ·ȫˮУҲҪˡ 
Ե򣬲ԵģȻǽ١ 
꣬ʱѲک 
Եǽ١ 

׹䣬ҪˮˡסʶģɫӰӣһĶ 


66 

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峿ڶ߲ƣۣԼУۣһͻȻ 

濴ʱֻһƬɽҰũ֣ʲôʲô֣ˣһʱ䣬ΪԼ˸Ρ 

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Ҫ,ȴ˲֡ 

һ죬һ̻޴䣬ԼҵĽŲͳ 

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ҽϴԥı飬ǻߵĸĸĿֻ˵ͷһģĽдӰ졪 

ο޵ĸףǳȵĸһ򲡷һС˵šǵ߲ˣ˭Ҳûע⵽΢΢ص˵ͷѸĻظһ飬̩ȻģȵȻŲ뿪˹Ĳ 

һƬྲΪֵļͥȻסںĵ˲Уƣڻ˯ϸ֣Ա˯ 

ܺãյһȥů˯екһ䣬·Ǹ֣ǣԼҲƺû 

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ĺ𣿵ԸˣΪ˿Զˮ׼ 겻ذŪֽףҪŽƿǲƿܴ󣬶ֽȴҪˡ 

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̧ͷ۾ȷʵǵˮҽԺﻹܱĻ뾪ѡ벻𵽵˭ʲô֣ѧļҲģ壬ˮݹıʼǱҶߣǸǸӡ󣡿˭˵ʶΪҰҸʶˣƣ 

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塣 



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תŷ飬ԸܽҲɡӣԭģȻŪ 
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һҿ̳ơһĴ 
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һԼȻҲֻҩԵ ʱɹˣô̹ȵļҳͻǸýѵ 
ȻһİˣںߵϿźˮ۾ҲܿնǸǽĻ 
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һԼȻҲֻҩԵ ʱɹˣô̹ȵļҳͻǸýѵ

Ȼһİ˶ںߵϿźˮ

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һţȻ

ڶ̾ģΧ̴ԶϢ


żׯϱķ

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жʱ˳꣬ͷɫɮڳ¯̨䵽ü䣬֪ɺϻעһƬ䵽ĴϣҵֹЪֻ·紵ϸŹȥࡪǾıڿУûгڵĻᡣ





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ڴ۵һ˲䣬΢΢ǣ󿴼ϦյǰɢƮǧѾ⿪

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